file which includes the original illustrations4 ,see #edbaf-;h4htm or #edbaf-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/cache_/epu b_/#edbaf_/pg#edbaf-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/files_/#ed baf_/edbaf-;h4zip7 ,images of the original pages are available through ,internet ,archive4 ,see https3_/_/archive4org_/details_/maryfran cesfirst#jj;fryeiala ,transcriber's note3 ,please be advised that this ,first ,aid book is very old and its advice and practices should not be taken as the best modern1 safe choice4 ,,the ,,mary ,,frances ,,first ,,aid ,,book ,illustration3 ,,mary ,,frances ,,puts ,,her ,,first ,,aid ,,knowledge ,,into ,,practice ,,the ,,mary ,,frances ,,first ,,aid ,,book ,with ,ready ,reference ,list of ,ordinary ,accidents and ,illnesses1 and ,approved ,home ,remedies by ,,jane ,,eayre ,,fryer ,member ,american ,red ,cross ,society1 ,member ,new ,jersey ,women's ,division ,national ,preparedness ,association1 ,author of 8,the ,mary ,frances ,story-,instruction ,books40 ,illustrations by ,jane ,allen ,boyer ,illustration3 ,,the ,,mary ,,frances ,,story ,,instructive ,,hand ,,book ,,series ,,preparedness ,,this book is for every boy and girl who hopes to render first-aid to the sick or injured--in time of peace--in time of war--at all times in the service of ,,our ,,country ,,preface ,,this book is more than a story to inspire children with a desire to relieve suffering2 it is a simplified and handy reference book1 telling what to do in cases of accident or illness4 ,in no sense is it intended to take the place of the physician4 ,the first principle of first-aid cannot too often be repeated--when in doubt1 send for the doctor4 ,especial thanks are due to ,e4 ,a4 ,y4 ,schellenger1 ,m4,d41 member ,surgical ,staff1 ,cooper ,hospital1 ,camden1 ,n4 ,j41 for his great assistance in verifying and revising the medical and first-aid instructions given herein2 and to ,constance ,cooper ,crichton1 ,instructor of ,first ,aid ,classes1 ,new ,jersey ,women's ,division ,national ,preparedness1 whose helpful criticism and suggestions have been invaluable4 ,illustration3 ,jane ,eayre ,fryer ,,merchantville1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,i4 ,,off ,,to ,,mexico #ag ,,ii4 ,,the ,,speeders' ,,accident #ba ,,iii4 ,,first ,,aid ,,to ,,the ,,injured #bf ,,iv4 ,,at ,,the ,,dolls' ,,hospital #cj ,v4 ,,the ,,real ,,cross ,,nurses #ce ,,vi4 ,,lessons ,,in ,,first ,,aid #ci ,,vii4 ,,safety ,,first #dc ,,viii4 ,,practice ,,games #ej ,,ix4 ,,the ,,hikers #ec ,x4 ,,on ,,looking ,,glass ,,lake #fj ,,xi4 ,,two ,,boys ,,are ,,late #fg ,,xii4 ,,plans #gc ,,xiii4 ,a ,,sane ,,fourth ,,of ,,july #ha ,,xiv4 ,,shesa1 ,a ,,red ,,cross ,,nurse #hh ,,xv4 ,a ,,telegram ,,from ,,mexico #id ,,xvi4 ,,private ,,brave',s ,,adventures #ig ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,mad ,,dog #ajb ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,poisoned ,,baby #aje ,,xix4 ,,hurrah ,,for ,,our ,,hero #ajh ,,appendix ,a ,,ready ,,reference ,,list ,,of ,,ordinary ,,accidents ,,and ,,illnesses1 ,,with ,,approved ,,home ,,remedies #aae ,,instructions ,,what ,,to ,,do ,,until ,,the ,,doctor ,,comes1 ,,in ,,ordinary ,,household ,,emergencies 7,see ,ready ,reference ,list7 ,,page ,,biliousness #aag ,,bites ,,of ,,animals #aag ,,bites ,,of ,,insects #aag 8,,black ,,eye0 #aag ,,bleeding ,,of ,,gums #aag ,,blood ,,blisters #aah ,,broken ,,bones ,,or ,,fractures #aah ,,bruises ,,or ,,contusions #aah ,,burns ,,and ,,scalds #aai ,,car ,,sickness #abj ,,chilblains #abj ,,chills #abj ,,choking #abj ,,coal ,,gas1 ,,suffocation ,,from #abj ,,colds #abj ,,colic #aba ,,convulsions ,,of ,,children #abb ,,corns #abb ,,croup #abb ,,cuts 7,,slight7 #abb ,,diarrhea #abc ,,earache #abc ,,fainting #abc ,,fever ,,blisters 7,,cold ,,sores7 #abd ,,fire1 ,,to ,,avoid ,,accidents ,,from #dh ,,fits #abd ,,foreign ,,body ,,in ,,ear #abd ,,foreign ,,body ,,in ,,eye #abe ,,frost ,,bites #abe ,,gum ,,boils 78,,canker ,,spots07 #abe ,,heat ,,exhaustion #abe ,,hemorrhage 7,,severe ,,bleeding7 #abe ,,hiccough #abg ,,hives #abg ,,indigestion #abg ,,itching #abg ,,lice ,,in ,,hair 7,,pediculosis7 #abg ,,nails 7,,ingrowing7 #abg ,,nausea 7,,sick ,,stomach7 #abh ,,nosebleed #abh ,,perspiration #abh ,,poison ,,ivy ,,rash #abh ,,poisoning--,,treatments ,,and ,,antidotes #abh ,,powder ,,wounds #acj ,,prickly ,,heat #acj ,,ptomaine ,,poisoning #acj ,,sea-,,sickness #acj ,,shock #aca ,,sore ,,throat #aca ,,splinters #aca ,,sprain #aca ,,stiff ,,neck #aca ,,stings #acb ,,strain ,,of ,,muscles #acb ,,sunburn #acb ,,sunstroke #acb ,,toothache #acb ,,warts #acc ,,wounds #acc ,,plasters1 ,,poultices ,,and ,,stupes #acd ,,how ,,to ,,rid ,a ,,house ,,of ,,fleas #ef ,,how ,,to ,,use ,,first ,,aid ,,bandages #hb1 #hc1 #hd1 #ih1 #ii ,,how ,,to ,,make ,a ,,drinking ,,cup #db ,,list ,,of ,,remedies ,,for ,,the ,,home ,,medicine ,,closet #acf ,illustration3 ,,characters ,,hospital ,,staff ,,doctor ,,surecure ,resident ,physician ,,miss ,,bossem ,head ,nurse ,,miss ,,helpem 7,mary ,frances7 ,assistant ,nurse ,,doctor ,,quickenquack ,interne ,physician ,,police ,,officers ,,officer ,,arrestem ,chief of ,police ,,officer ,,mcstoppem ,assistant ,chief of ,police ,illustration3 ,,patients ,,hesa ,,brave ,private ,brave's ,father ,,mrs4 ,,brave ,private ,brave's ,mother ,,ima ,,brave ,private ,brave ,u4 ,s4 ,army ,,soami ,,brave ,private ,brave's ,little ,sister ,,ibee ,,brave ,private ,brave's ,little ,brother ,,shesa ,,brave ,private ,brave's ,big ,sister ,,chapter ,i ,,off ,,to ,,mexico ,,the ,head ,nurse1 ,miss ,bossem1 rushed out of the ,dolls' ,hospital toward the children4 8,you're late1 ,miss ,helpem10 she called to ,mary ,frances4 8,go right on duty rolling bandages for the soldiers who start for ,mexico to-day4 ,the troop-train leaves at two-thirty4 ,hurry1 now1 or you won't get them to the station on time40 ,then1 turning to ,billy1 8,get the ambulance ready immediately10 she commanded1 and ,billy disappeared into the garage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,you see1 ,mary ,frances finished the course in ,first ,aid ,nursing with the ,red ,cross ,preparedness ,class just before her birthday4 ,being very proud of her newly acquired knowledge1 she wanted to show ,billy how much she had learned4 ,when ,billy promised her any favor she could think of as a birthday present1 ,mary ,frances joyfully asked him to spend a whole day at the ,dolls' ,hospital in the playroom1 pretending they were little kiddies again--that she was ,miss ,helpem1 the assistant nurse1 and that ,billy was the ambulance driver4 ,to keep his promise1 ,billy consented4 ,just as they stepped into the playroom door1 they seemed to grow smaller and smaller1 until they were no bigger than the dolls themselves4 ,now1 go on with the story and see what happened4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 8,,always ,,carry ,,this ,,with ,,you0 ,promptly at two-fifteen1 ,miss ,helpem arrived at the station with an ambulance full of bandages1 and just in time to see the ,brave family bidding good-bye to ,private ,ima ,brave4 ,all the family were there1 even ,michael1 the big bulldog4 ,private ,brave was among the last of the soldiers to board the little train4 8,you'll write from ,new ,york1 dear10 begged his mother1 kissing him for the twentieth time1 and slipping a little ,american ,red ,cross first-aid outfit in his hand4 8,always carry this with you1 and remember how your mother loves you40 8,and you'll send me picture postcards from everywhere1 won't you80 begged little ,ibee ,brave1 standing on tip-toe to get a better view of his tall1 straight brother4 8,there's a speck of dust on your uniform10 fussed ,soami1 his little sister1 as she brushed him with her handkerchief4 ,private ,brave smiled4 8,we're not on dress parade1 little sister10 he said4 8,it's good that khaki doesn't show the dust1 for it's a dusty country we're going to40 8#8,it's a long1 long way to ,mexico1 it's a long way to go1'0 began little ,ibee2 but at that moment the engine whistled1 and his father clasped ,private ,brave's hand4 8,i am proud of my son10 was all he said4 8,and ,i1 of my brother10 ,shesa1 his big sister1 added1 with tears in her eyes4 ,one more whistle1 and the little train started down the playroom railroad track4 8,we'll bring the limousine nearer the station10 said ,mr4 ,brave1 taking ,mrs4 ,brave's arm and walking away4 8,father and ,mother don't want anyone to talk with them just now10 said ,shesa4 8,i don't see why4 ,gee1 ,i wish ,i was big enough to go10 said little ,ibee1 as he watched the train until the last car turned a curve in the track4 8,you'd make a fine soldier1 wouldn't you10 laughed ,soami1 8when you're afraid to go upstairs in the dark40 8,only sometimes10 answered ,ibee2 8only when the wind blows hard and when it's not moonlight--and then1 not often40 8,why1 ,soami1 ,ibee is real brave10 said ,shesa4 8,don't you remember how you were afraid to go down cellar to get some jam last night and ,ibee would have gone1 if father hadn't made you go80 8,yes1 and father stood on the landing the whole time you were gone1 too1 ,miss10 declared ,ibee triumphantly4 8,yes1 that's so10 acknowledged ,soami4 8,i guess ,ibee would make a good soldier--especially a drummer boy4 ,my6 he can drum bravely6 ,did you hear him yesterday1 ,shesa80 ,illustration3 8,,my6 ,,he ,,can ,,drum ,,bravely60 8,indeed ,i did10 laughed the sister4 8,yes10 continued ,soami1 mischievously1 8don't you remember the verses about-- #8,a little man bought him a big bass drum1 ,boom-tid-dee-ah-da-boom6 8,who knows10 said he1 8,when a war might come8 ,boom-tid-dee-ah-da-boom6 ,i'm not at all frightened you understand1 ,but if ,i am called to fight for my land1 ,i want to be ready to play in the band4 ,boom-tid-dee-ah-da-boom6'0 8,come1 children10 said their father1 driving up1 8here's the car4 ,hop in40 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,the ,,speeders' ,,accident ,,the shrill sound of a policeman's whistle cut the air three times1 but the dollsmobile sped on faster than ever4 8,i couldn't catch them at all1 at all10 reported the little thin sub-officer1 ,mc,stoppem1 at headquarters4 8,bring my motorcycle1 ,mc,stoppem10 ordered ,chief ,arrestem4 8,all right1 sir10 nodded ,officer ,mc,stoppem1 bringing out the wonderful little toy4 8,if you take the cross-cut road toward ,sandpile ,village1 you'll catch them4 ,the number is--here it is1 ,i wrote it down--#adib4 ,you can easily remember it--the year ,columbus made #8preparedness' necessary40 8,cut out your chatter1 ,mc,stoppem1 and follow me in a hurry10 directed the chief1 as he kicked the pedal of the motorcycle to start the engine4 8,hand me the paper10 and1 snatching it1 was off4 8,the chief'll get 'em ,o4,k410 muttered ,officer ,mc,stoppem to himself1 as he watched the long line of dust and smoke in the wake of the little motorcycle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,just as ,chief ,arrestem came into the cross-roads leading to ,sandpile ,village1 the runaway automobile flew past4 8,by ,jiminy1 ,i don't wonder ,mc,stoppem couldn't catch them10 he said under his breath1 as he put on still more speed4 8,that man's lost control of his car1 and unless ,i'm mistaken there'll be an accident when he comes to that dangerous turn in the road where that big rocking chair stands40 ,illustration3 8,,oh1 ,,the ,,engine',s ,,on ,,fire60 ,meanwhile everybody in the dollsmobile was trying not to be frightened4 8,can't you slow down a little1 ,father80 asked ,mrs4 ,brave4 8,the brakes won't hold10 panted ,mr4 ,brave1 forcing both brakes on with all his might4 8,this is dreadful60 8,gee whiz60 exclaimed little ,ibee1 looking out the rear window4 8,here comes the motor police4 ,he'll arrest us for speeding40 8,oh1 mercy1 we're coming to ,rocking ,hill road10 gasped ,shesa4 8,father1 do turn off the power60 ,but ,shesa spoke too late1 and kerr-smash6 kerr-bang6 kerr-plunk6 went the dollsmobile right into the rockers of the rocking chair1 turning 8turtle0 twice1 and breaking the beautiful glass windows to pieces4 ,out of the broken radiator the boiling hot water poured over poor ,mrs4 ,brave's arm where she lay just as she was thrown4 8,oh1 the engine's on fire60 shrieked little ,soami1 8and ,i'm burning to death60 8,father1 ,father10 called little ,ibee1 8come get me out6 ,i'm fast under the car6 ,come get me out1 please6 ,oh1 ,i'll be burned to death6 ,father1 oh1 my arm hurts6 ,oh1 ,i can't move my arm60 ,the mother managed to get up when she heard the children call4 8,where's your father8 ,oh1 where is he80 she cried1 and going to the other side of the car1 she saw poor ,mr4 ,brave lying amidst a heap of broken glass and wheels and gears4 ,from his head ran a little stream of blood4 8,oh1 he's dead60 she sobbed1 but just then he gave a little groan4 8,oh1 my dear husband10 she exclaimed1 8tell me you're not dead6 ,tell me you're not dead60 she begged1 unmindful of her own arm4 8,i'm dead1 ,mother10 groaned little ,soami4 8,i just know ,i'm dead with pain40 8,well1 ,i'm not60 said little ,ibee1 8and even though my arm hurts so1 ,i'm going to try to go for help if ,i can get out from under this car40 ,illustration3 ,,up ,,came ,,chief ,,arrestem 8,my1 that's so60 exclaimed the mother4 8,i myself forgot to be brave4 ,i'll go for help40 ,but just as she spoke1 up came ,chief ,arrestem4 8,i saw it all1 madam10 he said1 8and ,i stopped to telephone to the hospital for the ambulance40 8,oh1 don't 'rest us1 please10 begged little ,ibee4 8,please1 ,mr4 ,officer1 don't arrest us4 ,we weren't speeding4 ,father couldn't make the brakes hold60 8,don't you worry1 little chap10 replied ,chief ,arrestem4 8,i won't arrest any of you4 ,here comes ,officer ,mc,stoppem on his motorcycle1 just as ,i told him to1 and in a minute we'll have you all out from under40 8,never mind about me10 said ,ibee4 8,please get poor ,soami out4 ,she's dead1 ,i think40 8,quick1 ,mc,stoppem10 called the chief1 8help throw sand on this car to put out the fire60 ,it took about ten seconds for the two officers to put the fire out1 and even before that1 they heard the honk6 honk6 of the ambulance4 8,here comes the ambulance60 cried ,chief ,arrestem4 8,now1 with the driver's help1 we'll soon be able to lift this car40 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,first ,,aid ,,to ,,the ,,injured 8,,now1 all at once10 directed ,chief ,arrestem4 8,one1 two1 three60 and the two officers and the two ambulance men lifted the dollsmobile high up over to the other side of the road4 8,well1 friends10 said ,officer ,arrestem1 8if there's nothing more we can do1 we'll return to our duty40 8,nothing more1 thank you10 the head nurse answered4 ,the driver had quickly smothered the flames of little ,soami's frock by using the automobile robes4 8,oh1 my goodness60 shrieked ,mrs4 ,brave1 8where's ,shesa8 ,i wonder where my dear daughter is6 ,where is she8 ,where can she be80 she kept on asking1 crying hysterically4 ,illustration3 ,,smothered ,,the ,,flames ,,of ,,little ,,soami',s ,,frock 8,hush6 quiet yourself60 commanded the assistant nurse1 who came in the ambulance4 8,we found your daughter a few moments ago where she was thrown4 ,she had fainted1 but she is all right now40 8,oh1 sit her up2 don't let her lie there60 exclaimed the mother4 8,indeed1 you must keep quiet10 said the nurse1 8or we cannot do anything for anybody4 ,it is better for her to lie down than to sit up40 8,i'd keep quiet if ,i knew what to do6 ,every woman and man1 too1 ought to know40 ,illustration3 ,,they ,,attended ,,the ,,most ,,dangerously ,,injured ,,first 8,yes10 replied the nurse1 8every person ought to know something about first aid to the injured40 ,she and the other nurse were busily directing the orderly and driver of the ambulance in every movement1 giving them explicit directions4 ,they attended the most dangerously injured first1 stopping the bleeding 7hemorrhage7 of ,mr4 ,brave's head and bandaging a dressing in place4 ,they applied soothing carron oil to the burns on little ,soami's arms and legs4 ,they bandaged temporary splints to little ,ibee's broken arm1 and1 since ,mrs4 ,brave's scalds were not serious1 they attended her last4 ,under ,mr4 ,brave's broken leg they placed pillows to make him more comfortable4 8,if ,i'd only remembered to turn off the power this never would have happened10 he muttered4 8,how foolish of me60 8,there would never be any accidents to speak of10 said the assistant nurse1 soothingly1 8if everybody did everything right1 you know40 8,if everybody just kept his head cool10 said ,mr4 ,brave1 as he tried to move his position1 but fell back with a groan4 8,give him a half-teaspoon of aromatic spirit of ammonia1 ,miss ,helpem10 said ,miss ,bossem1 who was engaged in spreading the stretcher4 8,now1 everyone ready to lift this patient10 she directed1 as she and the driver and orderly knelt on one knee beside ,shesa1 and ,miss ,helpem took her position on the opposite side of the stretcher4 ,as the three lifted ,shesa1 ,miss ,helpem carefully held the stretcher in place1 and afterward helped carry the patient to the ambulance4 ,next they carried the two children1 using a stretcher for little ,ibee1 and making a two-handed seat for ,soami4 7,a 8sedan chair10 you know--the kind you play with at school47 8,i'm sorry neither doctor could leave the operating room to come1 ,miss ,helpem10 remarked ,miss ,bossem1 to her assistant1 who was ,mary ,frances1 you remember4 8,if you will wait here with these two patients10 7they were ,mrs4 and ,mr4 ,brave7 8,i will return with either ,doctor ,surecure or ,doctor ,quickenquack40 8,oh1 why can't you take my dear husband along80 begged ,mrs4 ,brave4 8,he's awfully hurt6 awfully60 8,please explain to her1 ,miss ,helpem10 said ,miss ,bossem1 getting into the ambulance1 8that it is far better to wait for the doctor to attend a broken leg than to attempt to place it in splints--unless it is absolutely necessary to move the patient40 ,miss ,helpem turned to ,mrs4 ,brave1 who was by this time quite exhausted1 and after explaining the situation1 treated her1 as she had all the others1 for-- ,,shock ,cause3 ,a severe injury1 or even the sight of one1 will often cause intense nervousness1 which is very weakening4 ,this is especially true if the patient is suffering from severe bleeding4 ,check the bleeding before treating for shock4 ,shock differs from fainting4 ,the patient's face becomes pale and the skin cold1 the pupils of the eyes large4 ,what to do3 #a4 ,send for the doctor4 #b4 ,place patient on back with head low to allow plenty of blood to enter head4 #c4 ,give hot water or hot coffee1 or one-half teaspoonful aromatic spirit of ammonia in a quarter of a tumbler of water4 #d4 ,hold smelling salts to the nose4 #e4 ,do not excite by trying to remove clothing unless absolutely necessary1 but keep patient warm by use of hot-water bottles and blankets1 etc4 #f4 ,cover patient4 ,rub limbs toward body4 #g4 ,do not give whiskey or any other form of alcohol1 if any other stimulant can be found--and never whiskey in case of hemorrhage 7severe bleeding74 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,at ,,the ,,dolls' ,,hospital ,,in a short time ,mrs4 ,brave began to feel better1 and1 by the time the ambulance returned1 was able to stir about4 8,let us have a look at this broken leg10 said ,doctor ,quickenquack1 examining ,mr4 ,brave4 8,ahem6 ,i think1 ,miss ,bossem1 after all1 we would better use-- ,,first-,,aid ,,treatment ,,for ,,broken ,,leg 7,see ,reference ,list7 ,place pillows under the leg to make it more comfortable1 but do not move the patient before the doctor comes1 unless absolutely necessary4 ,if necessary to move1 place a board or an umbrella1 one on each side of the leg1 and tie in place1 7or tie both legs together if it seems advisable7 using bands of muslin1 handkerchiefs1 or,atriangular bandages4 8,after we have ,mr4 ,brave in the hospital1 we'll put that leg in the right kind of splints and bandages10 remarked the doctor1 as he and the driver and orderly placed him on the stretcher4 8,you'll be running a race like a boy in a few weeks10 he continued encouragingly as he seated himself beside the patient in the ambulance1 and the nurse helped ,mrs4 ,brave to a place4 8,like a tortoise1 ,i'm thinking10 said ,mr4 ,brave1 trying to joke above the pain1 for oh1 how his broken leg did ache4 ,illustration3 ,,his ,,mother ,,was ,,sitting ,,beside ,,the ,,bed ,clang6 clang6 clang--clang6 sounded the ambulance gong1 and in less than a few minutes they were at the ,dolls' ,hospital4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the next1 morning little ,ibee came into his father's room1 where his mother was sitting beside the bed with her scalded arm nicely dressed and bandaged4 8,i'm going to be a doctor10 he announced proudly1 after bidding his parents good-morning4 8,this is a dandy place6 ,there aren't any private rooms for ,soami or me1 so we're each in a ward1 and there's a fellow in the men's ward all done up in bandages4 ,i just wish you could see him6 ,i got ,doctor ,quickenquack to tell me what kinds they all were and ,i can't remember all of them1 but ,i know he said something about triangular and spiral and figure-of-eight bandages4 ,my1 that fellow looks fine6 ,he has a broken arm and a broken leg and a dislocated shoulder and a fractured jaw1 and his bandages are swell6 ,he did the whole thing by sliding off his barn roof last ,sunday when he was putting shingles on it4 ,he says it's a judgment--whatever that is40 8,well1 for pity's sake10 exclaimed his mother1 8,ibee1 how you talk6 ,do take a breath60 8,hello1 everybody60 said little ,soami1 running in4 8,how's father8 ,shesa's fine1 ,miss ,helpem told me4 ,no bones broken except one finger4 ,shesa's asleep now1 and her finger's bandaged beautifully60 8,father's just about as well as can be expected1 dear10 answered their father4 8,and very thankful none of us are hurt worse40 8,i don't know10 said ,ibee1 shaking his head4 8,even though my arm aches so1 ,i'd have liked to have had something worth while2 for instance1 a compound fracture of the thigh4 ,father's was only a simple fracture4 ,in a compound fracture the broken bone often comes through the skin1 ,i heard the head nurse say to one of the assistants40 8,well1 sir10 said his father1 8if you had this1 you'd find it was enough60 8,why1 what's the matter with the boy8 ,is he crazy80 exclaimed his mother4 8,as though we hadn't all had trouble enough60 8,i don't think he's crazy10 said ,soami4 8,there's a girl in our ward who has a broken nose1 and it looks too interesting for anything to see the nurse dress it6 ,i want to be a nurse when ,i grow up6 ,just think how many people one can help6 ,why1 if it hadn't been for the nurses1 perhaps we might--nearly all be dead60 8,indeed we might10 agreed their mother4 8,i don't know whether you'll be a doctor1 ,ibee1 or whether ,soami will be a nurse1 but ,i do know that ,i'm going to ask ,miss ,bossem if a class cannot be formed in our neighborhood in which we can all learn how to render first-aid to the injured40 8,good for you1 ,mother10 said ,shesa1 coming in at that moment1 and kissing her father4 8,i've just been talking with ,miss ,helpem1 and she has explained how to join the ,preparedness ,movement1 so that if we should have war right in our own land1 or serious accidents1 we could help care for the wounded or injured40 8,that brings my dear ,ima to mind4 ,oh1 ,i do hope we'll get a letter to-day10 said her mother4 8,here's a postcard just received for ,master ,ibee ,brave10 said a nurse1 coming along with the mail4 ,illustration3 8,,read ,,it ,,out ,,loud60 8,from ,ima60 said ,ibee4 8,it's from ,new ,york10 looking at the postmark4 8,read it out loud60 cried his mother4 8,let us all hear how the dear boy is40 ,ibee read3 ,dear ,folks3 ,new ,york never looked better to us than as we left for the front--but who wouldn't be brave for the sake of the red1 white and blue8 ,will write mother a long letter as soon as time permits4 ,as ever1 ,ima ,brave4 8,now1 isn't that brave80 exclaimed his mother4 8,he's as brave as ,teddy ,roosevelt60 8,it's wonderful to belong to such a brave family10 said ,miss ,helpem1 who came in just then to renew the dressing on ,mr4 ,brave's head4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,triangular bandages are described in ,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,chapter ,v ,,the ,,real ,,cross ,,nurses 8,,come10 she added1 8this excitement will never do for ,mr4 ,brave4 ,everybody leave the room1 and everybody go to bed and take a nap40 8,i don't want to10 began ,ibee4 8,i want--0 but at that moment1 ,miss ,bossem1 who was passing1 came into the room4 8,why1 what does this mean80 she asked crisply1 gazing around4 8,how does it happen1 ,miss ,helpem1 that all these people are in the invalid's room8 ,everyone who comes in must have permission40 8,well1 ,i am surprised60 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,brave4 8,as though ,i'd have to ask permission60 8,well10 replied ,miss ,bossem1 in a very decided manner1 8everybody who stays in this hospital must obey the rules4 ,miss ,helpem1 will you kindly see that the children are put to bed1 and ,i will take ,mrs4 ,brave to her room40 8,i'm no child10 began ,mrs4 ,brave1 8,i'm an older woman than you1 and ,i've had----0 8,do you intend to risk your husband's life any further80 asked ,miss ,bossem1 lifting her eyebrows and speaking in a low1 icy tone4 8,poor wife--0 began ,mr4 ,brave4 8,see60 said ,miss ,bossem4 8,he's already too excited to rest tonight without some medicine40 8,oh1 dear10 whispered ,mrs4 ,brave1 8,i'm so sorry60 ,then aloud3 8,miss ,nurse1 ,i'm real tired4 ,i think ,i need a nap4 ,good-bye1 dear1 ,i'm going to my room--you take a nap1 too40 8,well10 said ,miss ,bossem to ,miss ,helpem1 8,i did succeed in making ,mrs4 ,brave see how dangerous it was to excite the patient1 but my1 ,i don't like to be so cross60 ,illustration3 8,,why1 ,,what ,,does ,,this ,,mean80 8,i just had to be firm with the children1 too10 replied the assistant nurse4 8,but ,shesa's a dear1 and has extraordinary good sense4 ,she is going to form a class in ,red ,cross first-aid work40 8,yes1 and we'll give the instructions10 said ,miss ,bossem2 8that is1 if you are willing40 8,of course10 answered ,miss ,helpem1 8but what ,i meant to tell you is that ,miss ,shesa is going to form a class for children40 8,what a lovely idea60 exclaimed ,miss ,bossem1 passing on into the clinic4 99 99 99 99 99 8,doctor1 ,i'm getting quite tired of being here10 complained little ,ibee to ,doctor ,surecure1 when he met him in the corridor one day about three weeks later4 8,of course it's dandy to see so many banged-up people1 but ,i'm nearly well4 ,my arm aches only on rainy days1 and ,i can wiggle my fingers fine40 ,illustration3 8,,can',t ,i ,,go1 ,,too1 ,,doctor80 8,good10 smiled the doctor4 8,i'm thinking myself that we'll be parting with some of the ,brave family soon4 ,your mother and sisters are to leave us ,saturday40 8,can't ,i go1 too1 ,doctor8 ,can't ,i80 begged the little boy4 8,why1 that's a pretty way to talk10 replied the doctor4 8,don't you like us80 8,oh1 sure10 said ,ibee1 8but the fellows miss me a lot1 you know40 8,why1 what will your poor father do without any of you80 teased ,doctor ,quickenquack1 who happened to be passing4 8,oh1 ,i'll come see him every day10 said ,ibee4 8,he'll love to hear all about home4 ,can't ,i go80 8,we'll think it over10 said ,doctor ,quickenquack4 8,and if we do decide to let you go10 added ,doctor ,surecure1 8you must promise not to try to take off your bandage40 8,oh1 ,i promise10 said ,ibee4 8,doctor ,quickenquack said that if ,i let my arm be in it long enough1 ,i'd be able to play baseball again3 and besides1 ,i want to show it to the fellows40 8,but you'll not pitch ball for some time to come1 young man10 laughed the doctor4 ,so ,mrs4 ,brave and the children were soon in their own home1 leaving poor ,mr4 ,brave in the hospital4 ,by the time ,mr4 ,brave was able to return1 walking with a crutch1 they had formed three first-aid classes4 ,mrs4 ,brave's was for grown-up ladies1 and of this ,shesa was a member4 ,shesa herself1 with ,soami and ,ibee's help1 had formed two others2 one for ,boy ,scouts1 and one for ,camp ,fire ,girls4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,lessons ,,in ,,first ,,aid 8,,miss ,,helpem10 said the head nurse to her assistant1 8how would it be for you to take charge of ,miss ,brave's children's classes1 with her help1 of course8 ,if you think well of that arrangement1 ,i will take the adult class1 and leave the children's instructions to you40 8,nothing could please me better1 ,miss ,bossem10 answered ,mary ,frances 7,i mean1 ,miss ,helpem74 8,i dearly love dolls--oh1 ,i meant to say1 children40 ,miss ,bossem laughed4 8,perhaps you'll grow up some day10 she teased4 99 99 99 99 99 8,how would you like to assist me with the children's lessons80 ,illustration3 ,,miss ,,helpem ,,was ,,talking ,,with ,,shesa ,,brave ,miss ,helpem was talking with ,shesa ,brave4 8,oh1 do you really think ,i would be able to do that80 asked ,shesa1 delighted4 8,yes10 answered the nurse1 8,miss ,bossem and ,i feel quite certain you can be a great help in showing the boys and girls what you learn in the women's class40 8,i never felt so proud in my life60 declared the young girl1 hugging her first-aid kit close in her arms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,so it came about that when ,mary ,frances' dolls gathered together for their lessons1 it was ,mary ,frances herself dressed in the spotless white uniform1 with the red cross on the arm and cap1 of the ,american ,red ,cross ,society1 who gave their-- ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,first ,,aid ,,to ,,the ,,injured 8,good morning1 children10 she began4 8,we will imagine all kinds of troubles and accidents this morning1 and we will not be a bit gloomy over them1 for our thoughts will all be on how we can help the sick and hurt people40 8,please1 ,miss ,helpem1 can't ,i be the soldier80 begged ,ibee ,brave4 8,and can't ,i pretend to drive the field ambulance80 asked little ,jack4 8,and can't ,i be run over80 asked another boy4 ,illustration3 8,,please1 ,,miss ,,helpem1 ,,can',t ,i ,,be ,,the ,,soldier80 8,mercy1 children10 exclaimed the nurse1 8please wait for an explanation--and in the next lesson1 ,i'll assign you all something to do4 ,now1 ready with your note-books and pencils to take down the list of articles needed for the medicine closet4 ,you will learn what they are to be used for later4 ,keep the list and show it to your parents when you get home4 ,now write as ,i dictate3 ,,medicine ,,closet ,in every home there should be a certain closet or shelf high above little children's reach1 where the medicines and articles needed in emergencies are kept4 ,among these should be found1 plainly labeled1 the following3,b #a4 ,tincture of ,iodine4 #b4 ,aromatic ,spirit of ,ammonia4 #c4 ,boric ,acid ,powder4 #d4 ,stearate of ,zinc4 #e4 ,pure ,alcohol4 #f4 ,lime ,water4 #g4 ,carron ,oil4 #h4 ,epsom ,salt4 #i4 ,soda ,mint and ,pepsin ,tablets4 #aj4 ,baking ,soda4 #aa4 ,household ,ammonia4 #ab4 ,adhesive 7,zinc ,oxide7 ,plaster4 #ac4 ,tube ,vaseline4 #ad4 ,capsicum ,vaseline4 #ae4 ,peroxide of ,hydrogen4 #af4 ,castor ,oil4 #ag4 ,witch ,hazel4 #ah4 ,essence of ,ginger4 #ai4 ,syrup of ,ipecac4 #bj4 ,spirit of ,camphor4 #ba4 ,sweet ,spirit of ,nitre4 #bb4 ,boric ,acid ,ointment4 #bc4 ,powdered ,alum4 #bd4 ,borax4 #be4 ,spiced ,syrup of ,rhubarb4 #bf4 ,picric ,acid ,gauze4 #bg4 ,aromatic ,smelling ,salts4 #bh4 ,oil of ,cloves4 #bi4 ,normal ,salt ,solution4 #cj4 ,powdered ,mustard4 #ca4 ,essence of ,peppermint4 #cb4 ,tincture of ,arnica4 #cc4 ,oil of ,turpentine4 #cd4 ,aseptic ,absorbent ,cotton4 #ce4 ,sterile ,gauze4 #cf4 ,triangular ,bandages4 #cg4 ,roller ,bandages4 #ch4 ,rubber ,ear ,syringe4 #ci4 ,fountain ,syringe4 #dj4 ,measuring ,glass4 #da4 ,eye ,dropper4 #db4 ,hot ,water ,bottle4 ,the children wrote very quietly and listened attentively to what ,miss ,helpem told them about being prepared for ,ordinary ,household ,accidents1 such as cuts1 burns1 scalds1 bruises1 stings1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 8,children10 beamed ,miss ,helpem as they finished writing the list1 8,i never dreamed you could be so interested4 ,why1 not one of you has been inattentive6 ,now1 as a reward1 ,i shall show you how-- ,,to ,,make ,a ,,sanitary ,,drinking ,,cup ,,from ,,any ,,piece ,,of ,,clean ,,paper ,illustration3 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,sanitary ,,drinking ,,cup ,,from ,,any ,,piece ,,of ,,paper ,,footnotes3 ,b ,the full list of remedies1 with explanatory notes1 is given in the ,ready ,reference ,list at the end of this book4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,safety ,,first 8,,we girls get our second lesson before you boys do60 declared little ,soami to her brother ,ibee at the lunch table the next day4 8,i bet you don't have as much fun as we do60 answered ,ibee4 8,what is the next lesson about80 asked their father4 8,it's about ,safety ,first10 replied ,ibee4 8,i know that40 8,yes10 agreed ,soami1 8but10 glancing at the clock1 8,i'll be late to class if ,i don't hurry4 ,mother1 will you excuse me80 ,her mother nodded and smiled1 and ,soami left hastily4 99 99 99 99 99 8,well1 girls10 began ,miss ,helpem1 8to-day we have a more serious time1 for we're going to learn1 in ,lesson ,,ii1 ,what to ,do in ,case of ,slight ,cuts and ,pin ,pricks2 ,slight ,burns and ,scalds2 ,frost ,bites4 8,now1 as you know1 almost every accident could be avoided if we thought ahead far enough2 if we did not let the knife or needle slip2 if we did not allow little children to carry scalding hot water or lighted lamps1 or to play with matches2 if we looked up and down the street before crossing4 ,yes1 almost all accidents are avoidable if we think far enough ahead--if we think #8,safety ,first4'0 ,miss ,helpem paused4 8,all ordinary everyday accidents10 she went on1 8if treated rightly1 will give but slight trouble2 but if not treated rightly may bring much suffering to the victim1 and even cause #8blood poisoning' and death4 ,illustration3 8,,well1 ,,girls1 ,,to-,,day ,,we ,,have ,a ,,more ,,serious ,,time0 8,so you see how necessary it is to understand #8,what to ,do4' 8,now1 these serious dangers do not come from the slight accidents themselves1 but because of uncleanliness40 ,again the assistant nurse paused1 and she could not help smiling at the look of astonishment on the faces of her girl dolls4 8,it is true1 girls10 she continued2 8cleanliness is the rarest thing in the world1 and ,i will tell you why3 because everywhere about us1 in the dust1 in the air1 on our clothing1 on our hands1 in standing water1 on the floor1 on the ground--everywhere1 even though we cannot see them1 are ,,germs ,these little living particles are too small to be seen without a microscope1 but they cause more disease and deaths than any of the big animals you are afraid of--like lions or bears or tigers4 ,they make great deep sores out of little cuts1 and prevent wounds from healing4 ,so you can readily understand how necessary it is to keep all materials which touch broken skin perfectly clean1 and they cannot be clean if touched by the hands4 ,neither is any material clean which has come in contact with dust4 ,understanding this1 your aim will be to keep germs out of any wound4 ,if you do not have a first-aid outfit1 you should have on hand a small package of sterile gauze4,c ,sterile means perfectly free from germs4 ,any cloth which has been washed and ironed is quite safe1 however1 if it has not been used4 ,you see1 heat kills germs4 ,use next to the wound the surface which has been folded inside4 ,do not think that every germ does evil1 for some germs are good--just as some people are bad and some are good4 ,indeed1 we depend for some kinds of food upon the action of certain good germs4 ,among such foods are cheese and vinegar4 ,the disease germs which we dread most in cases of wounds are the germs of blood-poisoning and lockjaw 7or tetanus74 ,they are everywhere about us1 in standing water1 air1 dust4 ,they cannot do a bit of harm to the outside of the body1 if the skin is unbroken--no more than a fly can do to the armor of some old knight4 ,but if they can enter where the skin is broken1 they begin to do all kinds of harm1 which sometimes results in months of suffering from 8infected0 wounds1 and sometimes finally causes the patient to lose a leg or an arm--or perhaps to die4 8,we have spent a great deal of time on the subject of germs1 children10 continued ,miss ,helpem1 8because unless you really understand how necessary cleanliness is1 you may not be particular to have clean materials40 8,and clean hands10 suggested ,soami4 8,yes10 smiled the nurse1 8,soami has noticed the nurses at the hospital washing their hands for five minutes in order to have them truly clean before attending to a dressing on a patient40 ,the little girl looked around proudly upon the class4 8,can't we begin the first-aid games now80 asked one of the group4 ,illustration3 8,,and ,,clean ,,hands10 ,,suggested ,,soami 8,not yet10 the nurse shook her head4 8,wait1 please1 until you have learned what to do for-- ,,slight ,,cuts ,,and ,,pin ,,pricks ,the bleeding from a slight cut is never very severe and will generally stop of itself in a short time4 ,it is best to let a slight cut bleed a little1 as the bleeding carries away the germs which may have been on the edge of the knife or whatever caused the wound4 ,treatment3 ,touch slight cute with tincture of iodine2,d or with alcohol2 or vinegar and water1 half and half2 or salt and water1 a half teaspoonful of salt to a cup of water4 ,wrap with clean gauze4 ,in cases of severe hemorrhage 7bleeding7 send immediately for a doctor4 ,stop bleeding by using pressure above or below wound1 or by bandaging a gauze compress on the wound4 ,never give whiskey or alcohol in any form4 ,it makes hemorrhages worse4 ,see ,reference ,list4 ,,burns ,,and ,,scalds 7,see ,reference ,list7 ,apply carron oil4 ,see ,list of ,medicines4 ,if carron oil is not at hand1 use any dressing,e to cover surface to keep out the air--as lard1 butter1 olive oil--or sprinkle with baking soda1 or cover with white of egg1 or with a paste made of starch or flour and water4 ,also spread on compress,e some of the same remedy that has been applied to the burn4 ,hold compress in place with a loose bandage4 ,solution of bicarbonate of soda 7baking soda7 made by dissolving as much soda as possible in hot water 7about one teaspoonful to a cup7 is particularly relieving to scalds4 ,dip cloths into this and apply to the burned surface4 ,never remove skin from blisters4 ,if blisters are large1 see the doctor4 ,,how ,,to ,,put ,,out ,,flames ,caution4--,if your clothing catches fire1 do not run6 ,roll 7in a rug1 if possible7 on the floor or ground6 ,in putting out fire on another person's clothing1 use rugs or blankets4 ,in throwing a rug on another person1 be careful not to allow your own clothing to catch fire4 ,let the sufferer lie down and roll4 ,stand in back of the rug1 and throw from the head downward4 ,if in a burning building1 creep to the door on hands and knees to avoid the smoke4 ,,to ,,avoid ,,accidents ,,from ,,fire #a4 ,children should not make bonfires without the aid of older persons4 #b4 ,matches should be kept out of reach of small children4 #c4 ,children should be taught to be careful of open fireplaces4 #d4 ,children should be taught to roll if their clothing catches fire4 ,this would save scores of lives in a year4 ,safety ,first4 ,look ahead6 ,see the danger before the accident6 ,,frost ,,bites ,when nose1 ears1 hands or feet are exposed to intense cold they often become frost-bitten1 turning purple at first4 ,if frozen thoroughly1 they turn waxy white2 then no pain is felt1 because the nerves are frozen4 ,treatment3 #a4 ,keep patient in cold room4 #b4 ,do not warm frozen parts quickly4 ,instead1 rub with snow or bathe with ice water until a tingling pain is felt2 then stop4 ,if frozen parts are warmed too quickly1 8gangrene0 may result1 or perhaps the sudden heat may cause-- ,,chilblains ,chilblains are the result of too rapid warming of cold parts1 generally feet or fingers4 ,sometimes for years after being frost-bitten1 exposure to severe cold will produce itching and burning1 and perhaps swelling and ulcers4 ,treatment3 ,rub with turpentine or alcohol4 ,the rubbing in itself is excellent4 ,see doctor4 ,,footnotes3 ,c ,sterile gauze is cheesecloth which has been so treated that it is free of germs and is very absorbent4 ,it is sold at all drug stores4 ,it should be kept closely wrapped1 and the surface should never be touched with the hands before it is placed on a wound4 ,if you do not have sterile gauze1 keep old linen or cotton cloth 7which has been well washed and ironed7 in glass jars1 which have been boiled and dried in the air without wiping4 ,d ,soldiers on active service carry iodine to be applied to wounds immediately1 if possible--to kill germs4 ,iodine is a poison if swallowed1 so be careful not to leave it within the reach of small children4 ,e ,important ,note4--,dressings are everything applied to a wounded or sore surface4 ,a compress is the dressing which is placed directly upon the wound4 ,it is usually made of clean new gauze4 ,a bandage is the dressing which holds the compress 7or other dressings7 in place4 ,compresses are used to-- #a4 ,hold medication in place4 #b4 ,protect sore place4 #c4 ,stop bleeding4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,practice ,,games 8,,that is all the lecture part of to-day's lesson10 smiled ,miss ,helpem4 8,now1 for the practice40 ,she made a gesture toward ,shesa ,brave1 who came forward1 and together they lifted before the class the tiny medicine cabinet which ,mary ,frances' ,aunt ,maria had given her for her ,dolls' ,hospital4 8,let me see10 said ,miss ,helpem4 8,yes1 we have everything here1 ,i believe4 ,girls1 you may all come look40 ,the dolls--,i mean1 girls--gathered around the little glass closet and compared the labeled bottles and packages with the list given them in the previous lesson4 ,they were delighted with the beautiful cleanliness of the closet--its bright glass door and white shelves and shining enamel frame4 8,now10 continued ,miss ,helpem1 8please divide into groups of two4 ,that will make five groups4 ,we will play that one girl in each group is the mother1 and the other her child4 ,the child has cut her hand while slicing bread4 ,mothers1 what will you do8 ,what will be your first-aid treatment80 ,mary ,frances--,i mean1 ,miss ,helpem--was delighted with the girls' answers and with the way in which they sought out the iodine bottle1 and wrapped the supposed injury with narrow gauze4 ,illustration3 ,,wrapped ,,the ,,supposed ,,injury ,,with ,,narrow ,,gauze 8,in the next practice game1 the #8child' acts as mother and #8mother' as #8child1'0 said the assistant nurse4 8,this time the #8child's' clothing has caught fire from a spark which snapped out of the fireplace40 ,the girls laughed4 ,the nurse smiled4 8,girls10 she said1 8these games may make you feel like laughing1 but please keep in mind how serious the real accident would be1 and try to learn what to do4 ,you will be so much better able to live useful lives40 ,you see1 ,mary ,frances didn't quite remember that they were only dolls4 ,even so1 they have served a very useful purpose if they only teach the readers of this book some of their lessons4 8,ready1 now1 for practice10 said the nurse4 8,girl ,no4 #b of each group is to act as a little daughter whose frock has caught fire40 ,the girls remembered not to run1 and 8pretended0 to smother out the flames4 8,that was so well done10 said ,miss ,helpem1 8that no one was severely burned1 so we'll merely have to treat for slight burns40 ,the 8mother0 girl from each group went to ,shesa ,brave for carron oil1 which she applied on gauze compresses to imaginary hurt fingers4 ,then they reversed parts again1 and played the 8child0 had frosted her fingers4 ,the 8mother0 girls rubbed the fingers with imaginary snow1 gradually restoring the circulation of the blood in the 8frozen0 parts4 ,throughout all their fun the girls acted in a serious1 purposeful manner4 8,i'm not so certain that boys would #8play in earnest1'0 said ,miss ,helpem to ,shesa4 8,i think they would10 replied the young girl4 8,i'm certain ,ibee is just as interested as ,soami10 which pleased the assistant nurse more than ,i can tell you4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,the ,,hikers ,,the assistant nurse had very little time for the next lesson in the boys' class1 so she gave them only notes in the morning1 promising the practice games at four o'clock in the afternoon4 ,after telling them of this plan1 she began the lesson4 8,probably you boys have never thought of the fact that the little pipes and larger tubes which carry the blood may be broken under the skin10 ,miss ,helpem said4 8,when the blood gathers in dark purplish spots underneath the unbroken skin1 you have what is called a bruise or contusion4 ,,bruises 7,,contusions7 7,see ,reference ,list7 8,black and blue0 spots which result from bleeding under the skin are caused by falls or blows1 or pinching 7as in door or window74 ,treatment3 ,apply cold water or ice wrapped in a cloth1 or an ice bag1 or bathe with half water and half alcohol1 or witch hazel1 or arnica4 ,if an arm or finger1 hold up over the head4 ,if severe1 after the pain and swelling have lessened1 use hot applications1 wringing cloths out of hot water1 changing them as they cool1 or use a hot-water bag4 ,for 8black eye10 bathe with ice-cold water1 or use cloths wrung out of water as hot as can be borne4 ,massage gently for discoloration4 ,,note4--,never open a blood blister--apply hot water4 ,,sprains 7,see ,reference ,list7 should be treated as soon as possible by a physician1 but while waiting for the doctor1 use cold water applications4 ,if cold water does not relieve the pain in an hour's time1 try hot water4 ,do not attempt to use the sprained joint4 ,,stings ,,and ,,bites ,,of ,,insects 7,see ,reference ,list7 ,for stings of bees and bites of spiders1 apply any of the following list3 ,mud4 ,slice of onion4 ,household ammonia4 ,paste made of bicarbonate of soda 7baking soda74 ,spirit of camphor4 ,miss ,helpem paused4 8,while we are thinking about insects10 she said1 8,i wish to speak of-- ,,the ,,filthy ,,flies ,if you could look at the bottom of a fly's foot under the microscope1 you would see thousands of the most disgusting germs1 particularly of the dreaded typhoid fever4 ,please remember that it is far more important to prevent disease than to cure--so do all that you can to keep flies out of the house1 out of food1 off the baby's bottle and body4 ,just looking at this picture shows you a little of what must go into baby's mouth after the fly has stolen a bit of baby's breakfast4 ,how many of you promise to do everything you can to reduce the number of flies in this beautiful country of ours--by destroying them and by removing their breeding places1 which are in manure piles80 ,every boy's hand shot up4 8,thank you10 smiled the assistant nurse4 8,i can see that the boys of this class are to be real soldiers of health for this entire community40 ,illustration3 ,,keep ,,flies ,,out ,,of ,,food4 ,,off ,,the ,,baby',s ,,bottle 8,please1 ,miss ,helpem10 said ,ibee ,brave1 8there are two more animals ,i would like to learn something about4 ,one is the mosquito1 and the other is fleas40 ,the boys laughed4 8,not animals1 ,ibee2 insects10 corrected ,miss ,helpem4 8,we will not have time to speak at length of the mosquito1 for that would make a whole lesson in itself1 but ,i do want to say that mosquitoes are the cause of some of our worst diseases1 for they carry disease germs from one person's blood into another's4 ,to destroy them1 kerosene oil should be sprayed or sprinkled or poured on the surface of any stagnant water2 for mosquito babies 7wigglers7 live in stagnant 7standing7 water4 ,please remember this3 one old tin tomato can half full of water will be an ample amount to supply a whole neighborhood with young mosquitoes in a short time1 so overturn any old tins you see1 just to help in a good cause40 8,now1 ,ibee10 she continued1 after a slight pause1 8,i will tell you ,,how ,,to ,,rid ,a ,,house ,,of ,,fleas ,dust naphtha flakes,f all over the floors4 ,leave twenty-four hours1 if possible1 then sweep up and sprinkle the sweepings with kerosene to destroy the eggs before throwing away4 8,i say1 fellows10 sang out ,ibee ,brave1 after the class was dismissed1 8let's go on a hike like any good scouts4 ,gee1 ,i wish ,i were twelve years old1 so ,i could be a boy scout60 8,we treat you just as if you were one4 ,let's go over to the river bank10 suggested their patrol leader4 ,at the signal1 off they started over the hills of the sand-pile of ,mary ,frances' playroom1 coming at length to ,painted ,river and ,looking ,glass ,lake1 on which floated the toy ducks and swans which ,mary ,frances' little friend ,eleanor had given her for a ,christmas present4 ,when they re-assembled at four o'clock1 the assistant nurse was surprised at their appearance1 for several swollen faces were plastered in blotches of mud4 ,illustration3 8,,you ,,must ,,have ,,had ,,good ,,treatment0 8,we don't need any practice games10 commented one of the boys4 8,we have had real practical practice10 explained their leader4 8,i should judge you had10 said ,miss ,helpem1 looking over the group4 8,do tell me what happened40 8,when we left here1 we started on a hike to the river10 went on the leader1 8and after we had rested a little while1 we began a game of baseball4 ,tom ,holden was catcher1 and somehow when he leaned over to fasten his shoe1 bang6 the ball went into his eye--an accident1 of course40 ,illustration3 8,i ,,held ,,my ,,finger ,,in ,,it0 8,at first ,i thought it had put my eye out10 said ,tom1 8but the fellows used #8first aid' immediately40 8,i never saw a #8black eye' look better10 praised the assistant nurse4 8,you must have had good treatment40 8,next10 continued the leader1 8,i raised a blood blister on my finger1 splitting kindling wood for a camp fire4 ,the fellows made some water hot on the fire1 and ,i held my finger in it--but if it hadn't been that we were #8first aiders1' ,i wouldn't have noticed a little thing like that40 8,and last of all10 said ,ibee ,brave1 8,i stepped into a hornets' nest60 8,i can imagine the rest of the story10 smiled ,miss ,helpem4 8,and ,i can understand why you haven't clean faces60 8,but you can't imagine how grand it was to know #8what to do1'0 protested ,ibee ,brave through swollen lips4 8,well1 boys10 said the assistant nurse1 8after this day's happenings1 ,i think we will not need any practice games4 ,i'm very glad nothing really serious occurred1 and that your first-aid knowledge prevented suffering40 8,say1 ,miss ,helpem1 you wouldn't mind not saying anything to the other class about the things that happened1 would you8 ,we might just pass it off without much explanation1 you know40 8,i promise secrecy60 laughed the assistant nurse4 ,,footnotes3 ,f ,may be bought at drug store1 or large department store4 ,,chapter ,x ,,on ,,looking ,,glass ,,lake ,,the boys1 however1 forgot that ,mary ,frances' girl dolls were ,camp ,fire ,girls1 and 8,blue ,birds10 and that girls as well as boys go on hikes--and meet with mishaps4 ,the mother of ,soami ,brave's chum was the ,guardian of their ,camp ,fire4 ,the very afternoon that the boys went hiking1 she took the girls of the first-aid class for a boat ride on ,looking ,glass ,lake4 ,they didn't happen to meet any of the boys1 however4 ,the sun shone very brightly into the playroom window1 a beam falling radiantly upon ,looking ,glass ,lake and reflecting brightly upon the faces of the happy boating party4 8,isn't this lovely60 sighed ,soami1 as they drifted under the shade of a ,christmas cedar tree which ,mary ,frances had planted on the edge of the lake4 8,isn't it1 though60 said ,angie1 her little chum2 8only isn't the sun hot1 ,mother60 8,it certainly is1 dear10 agreed her mother4 8,i didn't realize1 or ,i would have told you to powder your faces to prevent sunburn40 8,why1 ,mother60 exclaimed ,angie1 8you have always disapproved of face powder1 and here you are recommending powder60 8,i know10 laughed her mother1 8but ,i refer to toilet or talcum powder1 a coat of which might prevent sunburn4 ,as it is now1 you girls will probably have to ask ,miss ,helpem's advice40 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,little ,,party ,,soon ,,scattered ,,to ,,pick ,,wild ,,flowers 8,our class meets to-morrow morning10 said ,soami4 8,isn't that good60 ,by this time the little party had beached the boat on the shore and soon scattered to pick wild flowers4 ,at the sound of 8,wohelo10 the girls gathered for their homeward trip4 8,my1 how my hand and arm burn and itch10 exclaimed one of the girls1 scratching her arm4 8,oh1 perhaps that is plant poison60 cried ,soami4 8,do you know poison ivy when you see it80 8,no10 the girl replied4 8,what does it look like80 8,my big brother1 ,ima1 explained it this way to me10 replied ,soami3 ,,poison ,,ivy ,this vine runs along the ground and climbs trees in just the same way as the beautiful ,virginia ,creeper4 ,it is quite readily distinguished1 however1 for ,poison ,ivy has but three leaves in a cluster1 while ,virginia ,creeper has five leaves4 ,the poison rash is caused by the irritating juices of the plant4 ,illustration3 8,,my1 ,,how ,,my ,,hand ,,and ,,arm ,,burn ,,and ,,itch0 8,my1 ,i wish ,i'd known that when gathering my flowers10 said another girl4 8,i really believe ,i've gathered some poison ivy among them4 ,look1 is this the ivy8 ,it has three leaves40 8,it certainly is10 said ,soami4 8,please throw it overboard4 ,you may have a case of ivy poison #8for fair1' though not everybody #8takes' poison4 ,maybe you'll be lucky40 8,i sincerely hope so10 said the girl so fervently that everybody laughed4 8,well1 anyhow1 don't scratch60 warned the ,guardian of the ,fire4 ,but the next morning's class hour revealed the result of the day's adventures4 ,two girls came with bad cases of plant poison1 and nearly every girl had been sunburned4 ,illustration3 8,,it ,,has ,,three ,,leaves0 8,well1 well10 said the assistant nurse1 when the girls told of their experiences4 8,although ,i'm sorry for you1 this is really very interesting1 for it will make you girls see the real helpfulness of our lessons4 ,you can very soon relieve each other of your unpleasant skin irritations1 for ,i shall give you notes on what to do for-- ,,sunburn 7,see ,reference ,list7 ,sunburn is the result of exposure to the direct or reflected rays of the sun1 sometimes causing the skin to blister and peel4 ,to ,prevent3 ,before exposure1 spread over the face and arms1 cold cream or any grease at hand--even cream off milk2 or use toilet powder4 ,keep the head covered1 but have air space between the top of the hat and top of head4 ,treatment3 ,never wash sunburn4 ,never open the blisters4 ,mix a lotion of one part limewater to three parts olive oil 7sweet oil71 and apply4 ,you see1 the treatment is very much the same as for burns4 ,,plant ,,poisoning 7,see ,reference ,list7 ,poison ,ivy and a few other plants cause a rash upon the skin after contact with their irritating juices4 ,everyone should learn to distinguish poison ivy1 which has three leaves1 not five1 as has the ,virginia ,creeper 7see picture in this chapter74 ,if this poisonous plant were recognized and avoided1 there would be but few cases of plant poisoning4 ,treatment3 ,do not scratch4 ,mop on rash a saturated solution of ,epsom salt1 or boric acid1 or baking soda1,g with a small 8sponge0 of absorbent cotton1 which is to be thrown away after using4 ,allow application to dry in the air4 ,,prickly ,,heat ,prickly ,heat is an itching redness of the skin caused from overheating the body4 ,it appears oftenest on babies2 sometimes on older people whose skin is very sensitive4 ,treatment3 ,bathe with a pure soap1 as ,castile4 ,then bathe with a mixture of one part alcohol to three parts water4 ,dust1 with talcum powder4 ,,hives 7,,nettle ,,rash7 ,these itching lumps1 which resemble mosquito bites1 usually indicate stomach or intestinal trouble4 ,they seem to appear after exposure to first1 extreme heat2 then1 to sudden chill4 ,sometimes they are caused by certain foods2 as fish or berries4 ,treatment3 ,for the itching1 rub with table salt4 ,give a cathartic4 ,citrate of magnesia is excellent4 ,then give a half-teaspoon table salt twice a day for two or three days4 ,an old-fashioned home remedy is one-quarter teaspoonful cream of tartar in one-quarter glass of water three times a day1 at morning1 noon and evening1 for three days4 ,if hives persist1 see doctor4 8,did you have it all planned to give us this lesson4 ,miss ,helpem80 asked ,soami ,brave1 while the girls bathed their sunburned faces as directed1 and treated the poison ivy rash with the ,epsom salt solution4 8,do you really want to know80 asked the assistant nurse4 8,please tell us10 they begged4 8,well1 to tell the truth10 replied ,miss ,helpem1 8your needs seemed to require this lesson so much--that ,i didn't have to invent a game at all--,i just put you into practical practice40 8,by the way1 ,miss ,helpem10 suggested ,angie1 8would you mind not telling the boys' class about what happened80 8,i promise secrecy10 said ,miss ,helpem4 ,the girls wondered why she and ,shesa ,brave laughed so heartily--they didn't know that the boys had been given the same promise4 ,,footnotes3 ,g ,,to ,,make ,a ,,saturated ,,solution ,stir into a small amount of boiled water1 all that can be dissolved4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,two ,,boys ,,are ,,late ,,two boys were absent when the class met for the next lesson4 8,how disappointed ,i am10 said ,miss ,helpem4 8,this is the first time anyone has missed a lesson40 8,perhaps ,tom and ,jim will come late10 suggested ,ibee ,brave1 and just as he spoke steps were heard4 ,ibee opened the door and in came the two boys4 ,jim was holding a handkerchief to his nose1 which was bleeding profusely4 8,he didn't want to come in10 explained ,tom to the nurse1 8but ,i told him you could make it stop4 ,he said he didn't believe so1 for he'd tried everything4 ,he kept saying he ought to lie down1 and ,i kept saying he ought to sit up to keep the blood from flowing so easily40 ,tom stopped to take a breath4 ,you see he had great confidence in ,miss ,helpem's first-aid help ever since his experience with his 8black eye40 8,you were right1 ,tom10 said ,miss ,helpem1 showing ,jim to a seat before the class4 8,if you do not mind1 ,jim1 ,i will give the boys their lesson now on what to do for-- ,,nosebleed 7,see ,reference ,list7 #a4 ,sit patient upright4 #b4 ,raise arm on bleeding side4 #c4 ,wrap neck and forehead with towels dipped in cold water4 #d4 ,sniff ice water and salt up nostrils4 ,one-half teaspoon salt to a glass of water4 #e4 ,place a piece of ice under the upper lip4 ,hold ice1 wrapped in cloth1 on the bridge of the nose4 #f4 ,if bleeding still continues1 use a small piece of absorbent cotton as a wedge or plug or cork4 ,fasten a thread to the cotton--to be used to remove it4 ,dip it into peroxide of hydrogen1 and push gently into bleeding nostril with a pencil4 ,illustration3 ,,jim ,,was ,,holding ,a ,,handkerchief ,,to ,,his ,,nose ,shesa ,brave brought the articles needed as ,miss ,helpem worked1 and in a very few seconds after the nurse had used the cotton wedge1 ,jim's nose stopped bleeding4 ,it was an excellent lesson for the boys1 who didn't realize that the next day they would only be dolls1 whose noses may break1 but not bleed4 ,still1 if you can remember what to do1 those dolls will never mind4 ,after ,jim took his usual place ,miss ,helpem continued the lesson4 8,let me see10 she said1 8,i think1 after nosebleed1 perhaps the next most common complaints are earache and toothache and a few other little aches4 8,now1 as to-- ,,earache 7,see ,reference ,list7 ,this dreadful pain is generally caused by hardening of the wax in the ear from cold4 ,to prevent wax from hardening1 use a little common red 7unbleached7 vaseline in the ear4 ,treatment3 ,hold ear over a cloth wrung out of hot water on which is sprinkled some pure alcohol4 ,with a medicine dropper1 drop into ear some warm olive oil2 or saturate a small piece of absorbent cotton with the warm olive oil1 and place in ear--cover with dry cotton4 7,mothers often use one drop of laudanum in the olive oil1 but laudanum is too dreadful a poison for children to handle47 ,for watery discharge after earache1 it is best to see a doctor1 but a sprinkling of boric acid in the ear will usually relieve the trouble4 ,if earache recurs often1 see the doctor4 ,,for ,,insect ,,in ,,the ,,ear ,drown insect by filling ear with warm olive oil4 7,mothers sometimes pour a little pure alcohol into the ear to drown and shrink insect47 ,,for 8,,something0 ,,in ,,the ,,eye #a4 ,wink--do not rub4 #b4 ,hold upper lid over under lid1 and blow opposite nostril4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,eye-,,cup ,remember that almost always an object in the eye will work itself out if the eye is kept closed4 ,wash the eye with boric acid solution in an eye-cup4,h ,,toothache ,as soon as possible see a dentist4 ,there would be but little toothache if children were taken in time to a good dentist4 ,this applies even to first teeth1 for if first teeth are neglected1 the second teeth are affected4 ,treatment3 ,if the tooth feels long1 with a throbbing pain1 there is trouble with the nerve4 ,paint gum with iodine1 being careful not to swallow any4 ,for painting1 use a small ball of cotton twisted or tied fast to the end of a toothpick4 ,never dip the used cotton back into the iodine4 ,if the tooth aches1 look for a cavity1 clean out the cavity with a toothpick4 ,fill cavity with absorbent cotton wet with essence of peppermint or red pepper water or oil of cloves1 and cover with dry cotton4 ,illustration3 ,,toothache ,,splinters ,be careful not to break splinter2 pull it out from direction in which it entered4 ,if no end appears above the skin1 open the skin with a needle1 but dip the needle into alcohol first to kill germs4 ,every medicine closet should contain a splinter extractor or tweezers4 ,they cost from five to ten cents4 ,,hiccough ,hiccough is usually caused by indigestion4 ,treatment3 ,a few soda-mint tablets are generally helpful4 ,nine or more swallows of water without breathing is a good old-fashioned remedy4 ,so1 also1 is holding a deep breath4 ,if hiccough continues1 mothers usually give children a cup of warm water in which is dissolved a half teaspoon mustard powder--to cause the child to 8throw up0 whatever is causing trouble in the stomach4 8,now1 ,i see some of you shuddering10 laughed the nurse1 8and no one can blame you1 but sometimes hiccough becomes very serious1 and it is better to take the nasty dose of mustard water than to endanger the heart's action from hiccoughing4 ,but just to console you1 ,i will give some hints as to-- ,,how ,,to ,,stop ,,nausea 7,,sick ,,stomach7 ,cracked ice,i held in the mouth1 and allowed to melt slowly is excellent4 ,soda mint is good4 ,,chills ,chills usually show that a person is going to be ill4 ,see a doctor4 ,never cool off suddenly4 ,do not sit down in a cool1 breezy place when in a perspiration4 ,it is very dangerous and has caused many a person to 8catch his death of cold40 ,if a person becomes chilled from exposure3 #a4 ,use hot-water bags 7or stones or bricks1 heated in the oven7 or hot stove lids or flatirons1 covered with paper or cloth to prevent burning the patient4 ,place them under the arms and at the feet4 #b4 ,rub the patient's limbs toward the body4 #c4 ,give hot coffee or tea or hot lemonade4 #d4 ,keep well wrapped4 #e4 ,give a hot foot bath in which is a teaspoonful powdered mustard4 #f4 ,wrap in blanket and put to bed4 ,,fainting 7,see ,reference ,list7 ,fainting is caused when too small an amount of blood flows to the head4 ,to ,prevent3 ,oftentimes1 bending the head forward until between the knees1 spreading knees apart1 prevents a person from fainting1 for the blood then flows to the head4 ,to restore a person who has fainted3 ,keep people away4 ,patient needs air4 ,lay patient flat on floor with no pillow1 having fresh air in room4 ,fan patient4 ,loosen clothing about neck4 ,hold household ammonia or smelling salts to nose4 ,dash a little cold water in face4 ,coffee may be given after patient recovers consciousness4 8,that is all the lesson for to-day10 said the assistant nurse1 8and you've all been so attentive that ,i would like to give you a reward40 8,i don't think that we need any reward1 ,miss ,helpem10 said ,tom ,holden1 8when you've done so much for us all1 already4 ,gee1 you make me feel like being a doctor when ,i grow up60 8,i hope not all of you feel that way10 laughed ,miss ,helpem4 8,a doctor in a town full of doctors would have a difficult time making a living40 8,that's not true of first-aiders though10 said ,tom4 ,,footnotes3 ,h ,to use an eye-cup1 fill it about three-quarters full2 hold it over the eye while bending the head forward4 ,throw head back1 holding cup over eye1 and open and shut eye several times4 ,i ,an easy way to crack ice is to place a piece about the size of your fist in a strong piece of cloth1 and hammer it into bits4 ,to keep ice chips1 lay a piece of wool flannel over a small sieve1 and place the chipped ice on this1 allowing it to drain into a bowl4 ,wrap the flannel over the ice4 ,this keeps the warm air out from the ice and the cold air in4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,plans 8,,no firecrackers1 and no toy pistols60 exclaimed ,ibee ,brave to his ,sister ,soami1 when she told him about the lesson given the girls' class the day before4 8,that's all right for girls1 but ,i can't imagine boys on the glorious ,fourth without firecrackers and pistols60 8,you wait until you hear what ,miss ,helpem told us4 ,your lesson comes this afternoon1 doesn't it8 ,you may change your mind10 prophesied ,soami4 8,pooh60 exclaimed ,ibee4 8,i bet ,i don't6 ,what kind of a fellow would ,i be1 with a brother off with the troops in ,mexico1 if ,i were afraid of a toy pistol60 8,oh1 dear me10 laughed ,soami1 8you don't understand4 ,it's not the pistol you ought to be afraid of2 it's----0 8,oh1 say1 talk sense1 can't you80 exclaimed ,ibee4 8,what are you driving at1 anyhow80 ,illustration3 8,,no ,,fire ,,crackers ,,and ,,no ,,toy ,,pistols60 8,that's all for the present1 class10 replied ,soami1 tantalizingly1 as she ran off with ,angie1 who had just appeared4 ,ibee decided to hunt up ,tom ,holden before going to class1 to find out what he knew4 ,but ,tom hadn't heard anything about the question4 8,i don't see any harm in a few proper celebrations10 said ,tom4 8,what's ,miss ,helpem's idea1 ,i wonder80 ,by the time the class assembled all the boys had heard something about 8,miss ,helpem's ,fourth of ,july idea10 and there was an unusual air of expectancy as the assistant nurse came into the class room carrying--what do you think8--a toy pistol1 a bunch of tiny firecrackers1 a bunch of medium-sized firecrackers1 and some 8giant cannon0 crackers4 ,of course1 they were very tiny1 just the right size for ,mary ,frances' dolls4 ,the 8cannon0 crackers were like the tiniest real ones you ever saw4 ,miss ,helpem had just laid them all on the little glass table near the little glass medicine closet1 when ,shesa ,brave came in carrying a little cannon--which would really 8go off1 if loaded40 ,the boys certainly were surprised1 for they thought they were to hear these very toys condemned4 8,good afternoon1 boys10 smiled ,miss ,helpem1 straightening her cap4 8,this is to be a very interesting lesson4 ,it's our ,fourth of ,july lesson1 even though the ,fourth doesn't come until next ,tuesday4 ,i hope we are all going to have a grand time on the ,fourth4 ,the girls' class have planned their part in the town event4 ,doctor ,surecure is in charge1 you know4 ,he is planning a civic and patriotic celebration4 ,i shall ask ,miss ,shesa to read you the program4 ,you will notice that your space is left blank4 ,that is1 left open so that we may fill it in to-day4 ,now1 ,shesa1 read if you please40 ,shesa read the-- ,,program ,,for ,,fourth ,,of ,,july ,,celebration #aj4jj ,a4 ,m4 ,bugle ,call to ,village ,green4 #aj4je ,a4 ,m4 ,music by ,town ,band4 #aj4aj ,a4 ,m4 ,reading of ,declaration of ,independence4 ,by the ,mayor4 #aj4bj ,a4 ,m4 ,flag ,raising4 ,singing3 8,star ,spangled ,banner40 #aj4cj ,a4 ,m4 ,parade ,assembles4 #aa4jj ,a4 ,m4 ,parade ,moves3 #a4 ,up ,main ,street4 #b4 ,through ,river ,avenue4 #c4 ,along ,lake ,drive4 #d4 ,down ,main ,street to ,village ,green4 ,order of ,parade3 #a4 ,master of ,ceremonies on ,horseback4 #b4 ,town ,council on ,horseback4 #c4 ,hearus ,band4 #d4 ,the ,red1 ,white and ,blue4 ,borne by ,six ,boy ,scouts4 #e4 ,the ,boy ,scouts4 7,who will arrange their own program47 #f4 ,float3 ,camp ,fire ,girls4 #g4 ,the ,spirit of '#gf4 #h4 ,float3 ,our ,veterans4 #i4 ,float3 ,the ,spirit of #aiaf4 #aj4 ,floats3 ,first ,aiders3 7a7 ,girls4 7b7 ,boys4 #aa4 ,future ,citizens3 ,baby ,parade4 #ab4 ,float3 ,our ,hope4 ,school ,house1 over which the ,dove of ,peace hovers with outstretched wings1 just under the ,american ,flag4 ,decorated ,dollsmobiles4 7,best to be awarded a silver cup47 ,intermission4 #b4jj ,p4 ,m4 ,bugle ,call to ,village ,green4 #b4je ,p4 ,m4 ,music by ,hearus ,band4 ,reading of ,lincoln's ,address at ,gettysburg4 ,by the ,mayor4 #b4ae ,p4 ,m4 7a7 ,work ,horse ,parade4 7b7 ,pony ,parade4 #c4jj ,p4 ,m4 ,prizes ,awarded4 #c4ae ,p4 ,m4 ,singing--8,america40 #c4cj ,p4 ,m4 ,races3 #a4 ,sack ,race4 #b4 ,three-legged ,race4 7,by girls and boys47 #c4 ,hurdle ,race4 #d4 ,fencing ,contest4 7,between two boys47 #e4 ,flag ,drill4 ,by ,boy ,scouts and ,blue ,birds4 #d4cj ,p4 ,m4 ,music--,hearus ,band4 #e4jj ,p4 ,m4 ,regatta on ,looking ,glass ,lake4 ,in the evening1 fireworks will be set off on the ,village ,green in front of ,town ,hall4 ,music by ,hearus ,band4 ,notice to the ,public4 ,it will be unlawful to use firecrackers and toy pistols or blank cartridges4 ,by order of the ,town ,council4 ,signed by ,,the ,,mayor4 8,some program60 commented ,tom ,holden4 8,but why not let us have firecrackers and toy pistols80 asked ,ibee ,brave4 8,yes1 ,miss ,helpem1 why not80 asked half a dozen voices4 8,i am prepared for that question10 smiled the assistant nurse4 8,if you will kindly open your note-books1 ,i think by the end of this lesson you will understand that it is not because anyone wishes to deny you fun that you are asked not to use these little toys10 pointing to the table1 8but because--well1 after you have heard the lesson1 ,i think you will know something about the danger from-- ,,gunpowder ,,wounds ,gunpowder is not antiseptically clean4 ,it is very dirty because it contains so many of the deadly germs of lockjaw4 ,this germ has such a terrible effect upon the body that if not destroyed in time1 it causes the jaws to lock so tightly together that they cannot be forced open4 ,gradually the patient starves to death and finally dies in terrible convulsions of pain4 ,toy pistols1 firecrackers1 blank cartridges1 being loaded with gunpowder are very dangerous playthings1 and their use should be discouraged4 ,any physician or nurse will tell you that the hospitals have many deaths from tetanus 7lockjaw7 after the ,fourth of ,july4 ,,what ,,to ,,do ,,for ,,powder ,,wounds ,see a doctor4 ,absolutely every wound of this character must be treated with anti-tetanic serum4 ,if doctor is not seen immediately1 paint with iodine and anoint with vaseline2 but the doctor must be seen4 8,we never understood the dangers before1 ,miss ,helpem4 ,now1 what will we have in that parade80 spoke up the scout patrol leader4 8,we need decide only about the float of the first-aiders10 said ,miss ,helpem4 8,your scout-master will confer with you scouts as to the other part of the program40 8,oh1 yes10 rejoined the patrol leader2 8but1 ,miss ,helpem and ,miss ,shesa1 have you thought out anything for our first-aiders' float80 8,to confess the truth10 laughed the nurse1 8,i think ,miss ,shesa has no less than twenty ideas4 ,will you make a few suggestions to the boys80 turning to her4 8,miss ,helpem has more ideas in a minute than ,i have in an hour10 began ,shesa1 8but she thought one of my ideas good4 ,it seemed to me that you boys might fix up an improvised first-aid tent on your float1 leaving it on the ,village ,green after the parade4 ,in case any real accident occurred1 ,miss ,helpem could have at hand everything she needed--for somebody might be foolish enough to get hurt4 ,then you could really do a little actual service by being at her call40 8,it sounds wonderfully important10 said the patrol leader4 8,only ,i do wish you boys had had some lessons in bandaging10 commented ,miss ,helpem4 8,but we'll all do our best1 anyway1 and look forward with pleasure to those lessons40 8,why couldn't we have a little chap all bandaged up1 with that toy cannon at his feet and a string of firecrackers and a toy pistol in his hands1 with a printed card on him saying1 #8,i used these toys on the ,fourth1' and another little perfectly well chap all dressed in bunting1 carrying a flag and holding a horn1 bearing a sign1 #8,i didn't'80 asked the patrol leader4 ,illustration3 8,,that',s ,a ,,fine ,,idea0 8,that's a fine idea10 said ,ibee ,brave1 8but where do we come in80 8,we8 ,oh1 we--0 the patrol leader answered so lamely that everybody laughed4 8,i can tell you1 boys1 a good way to be better prepared for important work10 said ,miss ,helpem4 8,if you are willing to take two more lessons before the ,fourth1 ,i feel quite certain ,miss ,shesa will show you the simplest first-aid bandages4 ,she has been taking a full course in first-aid at the hospital1 you know4 ,then1 on the float1 you may adjust bandages to each other40 8,that's awfully kind of ,miss ,shesa10 said the leader4 8,will all you fellows come80 ,everybody said yes1 and the class was dismissed4 8,say1 ,i wonder what the girls are going to do10 exclaimed ,tom ,holden suddenly on the way home4 8,that's so6 ,i wonder why we didn't ask80 said another boy4 8,i'll try to find out10 said ,ibee ,brave4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,a ,,sane ,,fourth ,,of ,,july 8,,soami1 what are the girls going to do in the parade--on your float1 ,i mean80 asked ,ibee1 yawning sleepily1 as he stretched out in a steamer chair near the hammock in which ,soami rocked on the porch of the ,brave family's cottage4 8,just--as--though--,i'd--tell--you10 yawned ,soami in imitation of ,ibee's manner4 8,say1 go on1 tell me1 won't you80 said ,ibee4 8,i'll tell you a little about ours if you do40 8,yum1 yum10 sang ,soami4 8,i might possibly tell you a little--you tell first40 8,has ,shesa anything to do with your plans80 asked ,ibee4 8,oh1 so she's going to give you lessons in bandaging1 too60 exclaimed ,soami1 realizing the next instant that she had given a secret away1 but the 8cat was out of the bag40 ,then ,ibee began to laugh4 8,caught you this time1 ,sister10 he teased4 8,shesa wouldn't give me a hint40 8,anyhow1 ,i think you were awful60 said ,soami4 8,i'll watch out for you after this40 8,tell me more8 ,please do10 begged ,ibee1 but ,soami had gone indoors where she felt safer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,shesa ,brave taught the boys and girls so well that within the week they were quite familiar with the use of-- ,,triangular ,,bandages ,bandages cut in the form of triangles are the most useful first-aid bandages1 for they are very readily adjusted1 and may be applied to so many different uses2 for instance3 ,to hold dressings 7compresses7 in place4 ,to support broken or fractured parts of the body 7sling74 ,we will have on hand for our uses3 ,one large triangular bandage1 made from a piece of unbleached muslin one yard square4 ,cut the muslin across diagonally1 as shown in 8,a40 ,two smaller triangular bandages1 made by cutting a large triangular bandage across as in 8,b40 ,of course any piece of goods may be used for a bandage1 even handkerchiefs or torn clothing2 but we are speaking about the best kind of bandages to have ready for use4 ,,note4--,for triangular bandage for doll twenty-one inches high1 cut a piece of soft muslin or lawn sixteen inches square4 ,cut across diagonally for one large triangular bandage4 ,to make the small triangular bandage1 cut across the remaining triangular piece4 ,triangular bandages are used-- #a4 ,unfolded4 #b4 ,folded4 ,when the triangular bandage is repeatedly folded on itself it becomes the 8cravat0 bandage4 ,the triangular bandage1 either unfolded or folded1 may be used on any part of the body4 ,the smaller triangles are used for the hands and feet and the jaw4 ,,note4--,in the ready-made first-aid packets will be found a triangular bandage1 on which are printed sketches of the manner in which the bandage is applied4 ,illustration3 ,,triangular ,,bandages ,illustration3 ,,triangular ,,bandages ,you may see how these bandages are used by looking at the picture 7page #hc7 of ,rose ,mary1 ,mary ,frances' big dolly1 which she bandaged so skilfully that all her friends felt certain that she had been taught by fairy teachers4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,girls ,,appeared ,,ready ,,for ,,the ,,parade ,if you practice putting these kinds of bandages on your dolls perhaps you will be able some day to help somebody who gets hurt1 and seem yourself like a fairy to the person whose pain you helped4 ,the children became so enthusiastic in practising the various methods of bandaging that it grew to be quite a joke in their homes4 ,many times they waylaid the various members of their families1 whom they wouldn't let go until they were bandaged to look like heroes from the battlefield4 ,the boys tried in vain to find out what the girls' class had planned for their ,fourth of ,july 8float40 ,they taxed their brains guessing1 but no one was more surprised than they when the girls appeared ready for the parade1 all dressed in nurses' outfits1 decorated with a red cross1 each carrying a big doll1 bandaged1 head1 hand1 arm1 foot1 in first-aid triangular bandages4 ,in the center of the group1 ,mike1 the ,brave family's pet bulldog1 was comfortably perched1 swathed in bandages4 ,mike wore a large placard which read3 8,see what fire crackers and toy pistols may do to you60 ,he seemed to enjoy this particular ,fourth1 however1 more than any other the ,brave family could remember4 ,the boys did have three 8real cases0 for their first-aid hospital tent4 ,a very foolish youth1 notwithstanding the ,mayor's warning1 shot off blank cartridges from a revolver1 frightening a horse nearby1 which broke its halter and ran away1 throwing the young man down so hard that he had to be taken to the first-aid tent with a broken arm4 ,ibee ,brave and ,tom ,holden happened to be near1 and were very proud as they bore the sufferer to the improvised hospital4 ,they hadn't noticed in their excitement that a little boy had been wounded with the powder from the shot1 and felt mortified when two members of the girls' class followed them into the tent with the little patient4 ,miss ,helpem sent for ,doctor ,quickenquack1 who set the big boy's broken arm and treated the little fellow's powder wounds4 8,the worst of it is1 young man10 said the doctor to the big boy1 as he set the arm1 8that not all the punishment came to yourself4 ,if these powder wounds become serious for that youngster1 you will be blamed40 8,i didn't realize1 ,doctor10 replied the young man4 8,i'll never need any further lesson--after all this1 and after ,i pay my fine40 ,the other 8case0 was a lady who fainted when she saw the accident1 and was quickly revived in the tent4 8,i really believe that this is the best ,fourth of ,july celebration our town has ever known1 ,doctor10 said the ,mayor1 complimenting ,doctor ,surecure upon the success of the day4 8#8,a sane ,fourth' as you said1 will give more pleasure1 if people will co-operate1 than all the din of firecrackers and thunder of powder4 ,i'm sure we owe you and your able first-aid classes our vote of thanks40 8,miss ,helpem deserves all the credit for the first-aid help10 replied the doctor4 8,indeed no1 thank you1 ,doctor10 laughed ,mary ,frances ,helpem1 coming up at that moment4 8,to the boys and girls of the classes belongs that praise40 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,shesa1 ,a ,,red ,,cross ,,nurse 8,,what do you hear from your brother1 ,shesa80 asked ,miss ,bossem of ,shesa ,brave a few days later1 as she was leaving the advanced class in first-aid4 ,the young girl looked troubled4 8,we haven't heard a word for nearly five weeks10 she replied4 8,i have been thinking seriously of going to the front as a volunteer nurse1 hoping ,i may be able to get news of ,ima40 8,that seems like an excellent idea to me10 said the head nurse4 8,you1 being a member of the ,american ,red ,cross ,society1 can manage very nicely1 ,i think40 ,so1 within a week1 ,shesa ,brave started for ,mexico4 ,she was put on duty in an emergency hospital along the frontier4 ,as the soldiers were brought in she scanned each face eagerly1 but many a weary day passed before she had any tidings of ,ima4 ,to every inquiry she sent out1 the report came back1 8,missing40 ,a great fear came upon her that ,ima had been killed4 ,she couldn't bear the thought that her big handsome brave brother had died without even a record of what had happened2 but she worked industriously1 nursing other people's brothers and writing letters to the loved ones at home to relieve their anxiety4 ,while taking a walk one day in her hours off duty1 ,shesa wandered farther away from the hospital than usual4 ,she was thinking of ,ima4 ,before realizing it1 she had lost her direction and found herself in a lovely little valley4 ,the scenery along the border had been so uninteresting1 with low cactus plants growing out of the sand1 and scrub bushes stretching away in low irregular outline1 that this spot came as a delightful surprise4 ,spying a little cabin on the side of the mountain above the valley1 she decided to inquire the way back1 and1 quickening her steps1 reached it in a short time4 ,a slovenly woman appeared at the door4 ,five small children surrounded her1 pulling at her skirts as they saw the stranger4 ,the youngest set up a howl of disapproval as ,shesa came nearer4 ,in her arms the woman held a baby and in one hand a tin pan of maize or corn4 ,a few chickens came scurrying around the corner of the house as the woman tapped a wooden paddle on the edge of the pan4 ,the woman stopped and eyed ,shesa suspiciously as she came still nearer4 8,good afternoon10 said ,shesa with a smile4 8,do you speak ,english80 8,howdy10 grunted the woman4 8,yes4 ,hush up1 will ye80 to the children1 whose noises made conversation difficult4 8,united ,states80 she asked as she looked ,shesa's uniform over4 8,yes1 yes10 replied ,shesa4 8,i'm a nurse40 8,nuss80 said the woman4 8,then ye'll know what be ailing him4 ,come in40 ,illustration3 8,,sister60 ,,he ,,exclaimed ,shesa hesitated a moment before entering the low cabin which was scarcely more than a hut2 but1 being a brave girl1 she thought1 8,if ,i am needed1 ,i mustn't hesitate4 ,i'll try to find out what's wanted40 8,tell me about your trouble10 she said kindly to the woman4 8,is your husband ill80 8,nope10 the woman shook her head1 8he be all right4 ,it's a ,u4 ,s4 man we found up yonder10 pointing up the mountain road4 8,been shot in arm4 ,my man brought him home1 but his arm gets worse all time4 ,you know what to do80 8,i think ,i can help10 said ,shesa1 wishing with all her heart she had brought her emergency kit with her4 8,let me see your patient40 ,the woman led the way into the only bedroom in the cabin4 ,on a rude wooden bed lay a young man1 dressed in a much soiled khaki uniform4 ,at the sound of ,shesa's voice1 he started up4 8,sister60 he exclaimed4 8,why1 this seems too good to be true6 ,oh1 perhaps ,i'm dreaming4 ,my arm pains so ,i guess ,i'm just #8seeing things' from fever40 ,for one moment ,shesa lost her self-control4 ,tears filled her eyes and she longed to throw her arms about ,ima's neck and cry to her heart's content4 8,but ,i must not10 she chided herself4 8,i must do everything ,i can to help him40 8,it's not a dream1 ,ima1 dear10 she said as naturally as if they were in their faraway home4 8,you are ill and certainly do need me4 ,let me see your arm40 ,the sight of his poor wounded arm made her feel sick1 for it evidently had been neglected from the first4 8,how did it happen80 ,shesa asked1 as she tore her apron into bandages and directed the woman to boil some water on the open fire which she had seen outside4 ,she saw that ,ima wanted to talk1 sick and weary as he was4 8,i was taking a stroll alone one evening10 he explained1 8not thinking of the least danger1 for our camp lights were scarcely out of sight4 ,suddenly ,i heard the report of a gun1 and felt an awful pain in my right arm4 ,one of the bandits had evidently spotted me from ambush4 ,i'd have been all right1 but the fellow or an accomplice sprang upon me1 and after a struggle knocked me senseless and took my emergency kit and everything else useful away from me4 ,the settler who owns this cabin found me and brought me up here on his shoulders4 ,his wife did what she could for my wound1 but it became infected almost immediately1 and ,i was too weak from loss of blood to walk back to camp1 even with the man's help4 ,besides1 in some way1 ,i had a sprained ankle40 8,well1 dear1 you are going to be helped in every way soon1 so don't talk any more10 said ,shesa1 taking off some of the dirty rags which the woman had tied clumsily upon ,ima's ankle4 ,she bathed the ankle in hot water and bound it firmly in a figure-of-eight bandage1 which gave him the first ease from pain since the accident4 ,she replaced the outside layers of the dirty bandages on his wounded arm4 8,the wounds may bleed if ,i take the dressings off10 she decided wisely1 8and ,i have no remedies here40 8,i wonder why the man didn't go for help80 she thought4 ,just at that moment ,ima whispered1 8,i would have sent word to camp1 but for some reason the settler seems afraid--of the bandits1 maybe40 8,well10 said ,shesa1 8you rest here1 and we'll soon have help40 8,but1 ,shesa1 it will be dangerous for you to go10 said ,ima4 ,then suddenly1 8,why1 how did you happen to come here1 anyhow80 8,never mind1 dear1 ,i'll explain all that later10 replied ,shesa4 8,but ,i want to hear now10 insisted ,ima1 his eyes bright with fever4 ,so to satisfy him1 ,shesa briefly related the story of her little walk4 8,now10 she added 8since the emergency hospital is so near1 you need not worry until ,i come back80 ,he promised to try not to worry1 and fell into a dozy sleep within a few minutes4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,a ,,telegram ,,from ,,mexico ,,shesa hurried along by the path she thought she had taken to reach the cabin1 but after walking ten minutes1 found herself going in the wrong direction4 8,how dreadful60 she exclaimed1 8when ,i am in such a hurry60 ,she looked about her4 8,it is nearing sunset10 she whispered1 looking at the sky4 8,oh1 ,i wish ,i knew the way60 ,just at that moment a noise in the underbrush startled her4 ,although very brave1 she was dreadfully afraid of snakes1 even harmless ones1 but she laughed when she saw a tiny prairie dog scamper out of the bushes1 stand on his hind feet and look about him with blinking eyes4 8,how foolish ,i am60 she thought1 but shuddered again as she heard someone stepping up behind her4 8,i beg pardon10 said a gentlemanly voice--and turning1 you can imagine how relieved ,shesa was to see a ,united ,states soldier standing with his hat in his hand4 8,oh10 she cried happily1 8,i'm so thankful to see you4 ,will you help me find my way to the emergency hospital80 ,then she stopped and laughed4 8,i must apologize for speaking this way10 she said1 8but you will understand my excitement when ,i explain all that has happened to me this afternoon40 ,the soldier quickly led the way as she talked4 ,they soon arrived at the emergency hospital1 and after ,shesa's explanation1 the doctors took her in a field ambulance up to the cabin1 the soldier showing the way4 ,within two hours1 ,private ,brave lay on a clean white cot1 with clean dressings on his arm and comforting broth in his stomach4 ,illustration3 8,,will ,,you ,,help ,,me ,,find ,,my ,,way ,,to ,,the ,,emergency ,,hospital80 8,i feel a hundred per cent better already10 he said to ,shesa as she kissed him good-night4 8,in the morning ,i'll be well40 ,but in the morning the doctors shook their heads4 8,i'm afraid that arm will have to be amputated10 said the chief surgeon4 8,oh1 ,doctor60 exclaimed ,shesa1 8can't it be saved80 8,if it is saved10 said the doctor gruffly1 not liking to show how sorry he was for the pretty nurse1 8it will be saved for a dead man4 ,a neglected infected wound1 even small1 may mean gangrene4 ,this is a large1 badly neglected infected wound60 ,shesa bit her lips and held back the tears1 saying1 8,of course1 if it's to save his life1 ,doctor--0 ,then she went out to telegraph to her family4 ,the telegram read3 ,ima found1 wounded4 ,will bring home soon as possible4 ,shesa4 ,illustration3 8,,oh1 ,,doctor6 ,,can',t ,,it ,,be ,,saved80 8,oh1 how ,i hope all comes out right10 she thought4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,private ,,brave',s ,,adventures ,,three weeks later1 a soldier with one arm and his very attentive sister were looked upon with much interest by the other passengers on a steamer going to ,new ,york4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,soldier ,,and ,,his ,,very ,,attentive ,,sister ,ima stood the journey well1 but when they arrived at the station1 ,shesa decided to take him direct to the ,dolls' ,hospital to rest instead of home1 where he would be under a good deal of excitement4 ,so it was in the ,dolls' ,hospital that the ,brave family came together again1 rejoicing in the escape of their soldier4 ,even ,mike1 the dog1 was allowed to come1 and no one greeted him with more joy than did their family pet4 ,private ,brave didn't mend as well as the doctors and nurses had hoped4 ,within a week after his arrival at the hospital1 an abscess developed on his left forearm1 which caused everyone to worry1 and another operation was all that saved poor ,private ,brave from losing his only remaining arm4 ,the assistant nurse dressed and bandaged this abscess with-- ,,roller ,,bandages 7,see ,reference ,list7 ,roller bandages are usually made of long straight pieces of gauze4 ,this material 8gives0 to the form of the arm much better than muslin4 ,never put a bandage on wet1 for it shrinks and is too tight when dry4 ,you will be interested in seeing a picture on page #ii of how a roller bandage is applied to an arm or leg4 ,this picture shows one of ,mary ,frances' big dolls bandaged in roller bandages4 ,the two-and-a-half-inch wide roller bandage four or six yards long is the size most used for grown-up people1 although narrower ones are needed for fingers4 ,on the doll's body inch-wide bandages were used1 and the ends were sewed in place4 ,to prevent slipping1 strips of adhesive plaster were placed over the folds of the edges4 ,under the assistant nurse's kind care1 ,private ,brave soon grew better and was able to take an interest in the other patients4 ,illustration3 ,,roller ,,bandages ,he begged to be allowed to visit the boys' ward1 where he wouldn't be so lonely4 ,there was great excitement among the boys in the ward1 none of whom were very ill1 when a real soldier came to visit them4 ,they coaxed him to tell them about his adventures4 ,they liked best the story about how he lost his arm1 and this one about the stolen baby3 ,,the ,,way ,,private ,,brave ,,saved ,a ,,baby',s ,,life 8,we were riding along one day1 when ,i thought ,i heard a baby's cry4 ,none of the other boys seemed to hear it1 and as we were not riding in order1 ,i headed my horse toward the sound4 ,i had about concluded that ,i was mistaken1 when the horse stopped short4 ,the crying had ceased by this time4 ,illustration3 ,,we ,,put ,,the ,,baby ,,into ,,her ,,arms 8,i looked down1 and there among the sage-brush1 at the horse's feet1 was a little baby about a year old4 ,how it came in such a place1 ,i have no idea4 ,there was no house within forty miles1 and we hadn't met a soul4 8,i got off my horse and picked the little thing up and rode with it to our captain4 ,it appeared to be half starved and surely could not have survived much longer4 8,we carried it with us into camp1 fed it and took care of it as best we could4 8,on making inquiries1 we found the baby had been stolen from some poor white settlers4 ,who did it or why1 no one ever found out4 8,when the poor mother came into camp and we put the baby into her arms she was the happiest woman ,i ever saw40 8,wasn't that grand60 cried ,bobby to ,sammy1 the little lame boy in the next bed4 ,sammy was the plaster-of-,paris doll ,mary ,frances had bought for a nickel at the children's fair4 ,all the patients were sorry--and the doctors and nurses1 too--when the time came for ,private ,brave to leave the hospital4 ,he had been so bright and cheerful that they would miss him greatly4 ,he felt sorry1 too1 in a way1 for so many interesting things had happened2 for instance--but perhaps you would rather hear the story of the mad dog as ,private ,brave told it to his family4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,the ,,mad ,,dog ,,private ,,brave was comfortably seated in the home living room with his family gathered around to hear what had happened while he was in the hospital4 8,it was about four o'clock in the afternoon10 he began4 8,i had just finished telling the boys about saving the baby1 and all my other experiences which you know1 when suddenly we heard a woman crying as she rushed past the ward door4 8#8,oh1 ,doctor1' she sobbed1 #8will he die--will my little boy die8 ,he didn't know the dog would bite1 poor child6 ,he says the dog isn't mad1 but everybody else says he is6' 8#8,come1' said the doctor1 #8mad or not1 we'll fix this young man up so he'll be quite safe4 ,i'm glad you brought him to me immediately4' 8,i was on my feet in an instant1 and ran to the office door1 for ,i was very anxious to hear what would be done for the little boy4 8#8,this must be cauterized1 ,nurse1' said the doctor4 #8,get nitrate of silver ready4' 8,he dipped a wooden stick into the poison and turned it around in the wound1 the little boy screaming with the pain4 8#8,oh1 ,doctor1' asked his mother1 #8must he be hurt so much8' 8#8,safety must first be considered1' replied the doctor4 #8,we are probably destroying the dreadful germs of hydrophobia4 ,and1 next1 this little boy must be given ,pasteur treatment with the wonderful serum used to prevent hydrophobia1 for hydrophobia means the most terrible suffering anybody could imagine4 ,of course1 no one is quite certain that the dog was mad2 for many a time a dog which has been nearly crazed with thirst1 or been the victim of bad boys' pranks1 has been thought mad4' 8#8,but this doggy wasn't mad1' the boy cried out1 forgetting his pain4 #8,a bad boy was twisting his tail and the poor doggy thought ,i did it because ,i was near6' 8#8,are you certain1 little fellow8' asked the doctor4 8#8,yes1 sir1 and after he bit me1 a big man beat him with his cane1 and the poor doggy ran yelping down the street4 ,oh1 how you made my arm ache1 ,doctor6' 8#8,poor boy6' said the doctor1 #8,i really had to hurt you4' 8#8,what should ,i have done1 ,doctor1 if we had been miles from a physician8' asked the mother4 8#8,that's a good question1' replied ,doctor ,surecure4 #8,i will tell you the simplest treatment for an untrained person to use-- ,,for ,,dog ,,bite 7,see ,reference ,list7 ,whether there is danger of hydrophobia or not1 if bite is on limb1 tie a cloth tightly around limb between wound and body1 and encourage bleeding by squeezing4 ,wash with soap and hot water4 ,apply iodine4 ,loosen cloth in an hour4 ,if there is the slightest danger of hydrophobia1 get patient to a doctor6 ,if impossible to get a doctor1 apply nitrate of silver1 or pure carbolic acid with a soft stick4 ,but it seems that there are few places where a doctor cannot be consulted within twenty-four hours1--who will see that the patient is given ,pasteur treatment to prevent hydrophobia from developing4 8,well1 ,i am certainly glad to learn that1 my son10 said ,private ,brave's mother4 8,we had a terrible fright the day the little boy was bitten1 for somebody said that our ,mike did it40 8,what60 exclaimed ,private ,brave4 8,did anybody dare accuse this most faithful and wonderfully brave dog-member of the ,brave family80 ,mike had been lying at his young master's feet2 in fact1 he hadn't left him since he came home--not even to eat his dinner4 ,on hearing his name1 ,mike stood up1 wagging his tail so hard that you would have thought it would drop off unless it was nailed on4 ,he looked inquiringly upon the family1 his mouth open and his intelligent brown eyes questioning what all this talk meant4 8,it wasn't you1 ,michael1 old boy1 good old fellow60 exclaimed ,ibee1 petting him4 ,illustration3 8,,it ,,wasn',t ,,you1 ,,michael1 ,,old ,,boy60 8,bow6 ,bow60 barked ,mike1 and ,ibee declared he smiled4 8,well10 said ,private ,brave1 8that was--0 ,he didn't finish the sentence1 for at that instant the next door neighbor came running into the room4 8,oh1 come1 ,miss ,shesa60 she exclaimed4 8,my baby's dying--she's swallowed poison40 ,,chapter ,,xviii ,,the ,,poisoned ,,baby ,,shesa hastened away with the neighbor1 for she knew that any delay might cost the baby's life4 ,she could hear the little girl's agonizing screams4 8,ibee1 run for the doctor10 she called4 8,we must work until the doctor comes10 she said to the distracted mother4 ,she was wise enough to realize that it would be best to keep the mother busy4 8,what kind of poison--do you know80 asked ,shesa anxiously1 as they ran up the steps of the porch4 8,lye10 answered the mother briefly4 8,the maid was scrubbing the kitchen steps1 and left the can of lye on the floor4 ,baby came along1 saying #8dink1 dink1' and before ,sally ,ann could get into the door1 baby had swallowed a mouthful4 ,it couldn't have been very strong1 for ,sally ,ann had filled up the can with water40 ,shesa took the baby on her lap and looked into its poor little burnt mouth4 8,bring a glass of water and some vinegar10 she ordered4 ,when they came1 she diluted the vinegar with water giving the baby a teaspoonful at a time4 8,bring the juice of a lemon10 she said4 ,this she diluted1 giving it to the baby in the same way4 ,it must have stopped some of the suffering1 for the little one began to seem more comfortable4 8,now1 the beaten white of an egg in water10 she said at length4 ,of this she gave the baby a tablespoonful2 then a tablespoonful of olive oil1 holding its little mouth shut to make it swallow4 ,by the time the doctor arrived1 the baby had fallen asleep on ,shesa's lap4 8,you have saved this baby's life1 ,miss ,brave10 said the doctor4 8,if it hadn't been for prompt action1 the child might have died40 ,illustration3 8,,bring ,a ,,glass ,,of ,,water ,,and ,,some ,,vinegar0 8,people are so careless with poisons10 he went on4 8,poisons should never be placed within the reach of little children4 ,all bottles should be labeled plainly1 and the stoppers should be tied about with a piece of gauze--not very attractive1 ,i admit1 but one of the best safeguards against making a mistake as to the #8right bottle4' ,poisons should not be kept in the general medicine closet1 but in a place by themselves--unless we except iodine1 which has such a decided odor that it may be kept in a more accessible place1 ready for its many uses40 ,after complimenting ,shesa again on her treatment of the baby1 and leaving some medicines for both the baby and the baby's mother1 the doctor went away4 ,shesa was met by her mother as she started home4 8,we are all so anxious1 dear10 she said1 8to learn how the baby is40 8,the baby's all right10 smiled ,shesa4 8,how thankful ,ima will be60 exclaimed her mother4 8,it brings tears to my eyes to see how interested that dear boy is in everybody1 thinking so little about his own misfortunes4 ,think of a young man just at his age losing an arm60 8,father told me that last night when he tried to express a little sympathy1 ,ima said1 #8,well1 ,father1 it is a loss2 but you know1 ,i have one arm left6'0 ,shesa replied4 8,wasn't that wonderful60 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,brave4 ,illustration3 8,,you ,,have ,,saved ,,this ,,baby',s ,,life1 ,,miss ,,brave0 8,it certainly is wonderful how bravely he takes his troubles10 replied ,shesa4 8,father said he thought that it really required more bravery to feel that way than to go to the battlefield40 ,by this time they had reached home1 and ,shesa had to tell everybody about the saving of the life of the poisoned baby4 ,,chapter ,,xix ,,hurrah ,,for ,,our ,,hero ,,the ,brave family were not the only people who admired ,private ,brave's cheerful acceptance of his fate and his determination to make his left hand learn to do the work of two hands4 ,one day when he was running the lawn mower over the lawn in front of the house1 ,doctor ,quickenquack stopped in his dollsmobile4 8,hello1 how's the #8,general'80 he called4 8,can't you jump in and take a ride8 ,hope you're not too busy to have a little holiday40 8,thank you1 ,doctor10 said ,private ,brave1 8it's certainly kind of you to ask me4 ,will you wait until ,i put this mower away and get my coat80 ,he had to lock the door1 for none of the family were home1 but he hopped into the car in a minute's time4 ,the doctor started the engine and away they rode toward ,painted ,river and ,looking ,glass ,lake4 ,it was a beautiful morning and ,private ,brave enjoyed the ride very much4 8,if you will just let me out here1 ,i'll walk home from this corner10 said he as they came to ,river ,avenue4 8,not much1 sir2 you're kidnapped10 laughed the doctor as he drove on toward the hospital4 8,first1 your lunch2 then a visit to the boys' ward10 said the doctor4 8,that's your program1 sir40 ,private ,brave was delighted with the idea1 and how he enjoyed his lunch after the ride6 ,when he went with the doctor to the boys' ward1 you can't imagine how surprised he was to see all his own family4 ,not only they were there1 but also the boys' class and the girls' class in first-aid4 ,besides these1 wore ,miss ,bossem and ,miss ,helpem and ,doctor ,surecure and even the ambulance driver1 ,billy4 ,doctor ,quickenquack led ,private ,brave under an ,american flag which was draped in one corner of the room4 8,dear ,private ,brave10 said ,doctor ,surecure1 clearing his throat1 8it is my pleasure to present to you a gift from some of your many admiring friends40 ,private ,brave blushed at the praise1 and smiled as ,miss ,helpem carried forward a box which she placed on the little table beside him4 ,he opened the lid and lifted out a beautiful little hand-embroidered silk flag4 8,perhaps we'd better help you open the box the rest of the way10 suggested ,doctor ,surecure4 8,let us step into the next room40 ,when the doctors and ,private ,brave came back--what do you think8 ,private ,brave was waving the beautiful little silk flag in the hand of a new wooden arm1 so skilfully made that it had almost human action4 8,hurrah60 shouted the boys and girls in delight4 8,hurrah6 ,hurrah for ,private ,brave6 ,hurrah for ,our ,hero60 8,hurrah6 ,hurrah60 they shouted together at the top of their lungs4 ,illustration3 ,,he ,,opened ,,the ,,lid ,,and ,,lifted ,,out ,a ,,beautiful ,,little ,,hand-,,embroidered ,,silk ,,flag 8,hurrah for ,private ,brave6 ,he's-- ,prepared for less1 ,prepared for more1 ,prepared for peace1 ,prepared for war6 ,prepared for well1 ,prepared for ill1 ,prepared to save ,the doctor's bill6 ,prepared for calm1 ,prepared for strife1 ,prepared for anything ,in life6 99 99 99 99 99 8,oh1 ,billy10 cried ,mary ,frances1 after it was all over1 8,i'm so thankful to you for your birthday present40 8,what do you mean80 yawned ,billy4 8,why1 for the day we've just spent together in the playroom10 said ,mary ,frances4 8,don't know what you're talking about10 pretended ,billy4 8,why1 ,billy60 ,mary ,frances laughed4 8,if you will just put a triangular bandage on my hand with your handkerchief1 you'll remember40 ,billy put it on beautifully1 just as you saw it shown on ,mary ,frances' doll in the picture4 8,now1 you remember1 ,mr4 ,ambulance ,driver60 cried ,mary ,frances1 shaking her finger4 8,i don't seem to remember a thing about how ,i learned10 solemnly declared ,billy4 8,why1 certainly you do4 ,you learned in the ,dolls' ,hospital10 cried ,mary ,frances4 8,oh1 maybe--but don't tell anybody about it1 though ,i must say that a knowledge of bandaging will be most useful when the boy scouts commence their class in advanced first-aid work40 ,illustration3 ,,there ,,they ,,were6 8,will ,miss ,bossem be their teacher80 teased ,mary ,frances4 8,aw6 ,stop talking about that doll of yours dressed up as a nurse1 ,mary ,frances6 ,we boys are beyond the doll-baby age60 ,billy walked away in pretended disgust4 8,well10 said ,mary ,frances to herself1 8if ,billy hadn't known how to put on that bandage ,i would think ,i had been dreaming4 ,i know what ,i'll do6 ,i'll go see if there are any nurses' uniforms in the playroom40 ,there they were6 ,each girl doll had one on1 just as she wore it at the ,fourth of ,july celebration4 8,it must have been real60 concluded ,mary ,frances4 8,it must have been6 ,that proves it6 ,besides1 here is ,private ,brave1 and in his wooden hand he is holding the-- ,illustration ,a ,,ready ,,reference ,,list ,,of ,,ordinary ,,accidents ,,and ,,illnesses ,,alphabetically ,,arranged ,,with ,,approved ,,home ,,remedies ,a ,,few ,,general ,,remarks ,in the story part of this little book1 the author has endeavored to show that success in first-aid treatment of any open wound lies in protecting the wound from infection4 ,from long years of experience1 physicians have found that3 #a4 ,every open wound should be touched with an antiseptic to kill germs which may have entered2 and that the best general antiseptic known is iodine4 #b4 ,no wound should be closed entirely from the air2 therefore1 do not use adhesive plaster or collodion to cover a cut or wound1 but cover it with sterile gauze after using iodine4 ,the gauze may be held in place at each side by adhesive plaster or by a bandage4 ,when sending for the doctor1 be sure to let him know what is the matter3 for instance1 poison case1 or drowning1 or choking--so that he may bring the articles necessary to treat the case4 ,n4 ,b4--,in case of wounds from powder1 or punctured wounds1 as from rusty nail1 see a doctor who will treat patient with anti-tetanic serum4 ,read the chapters concerning bandages3 ,chapters ,,xiii and ,,xvi4 ,bandages are used3 #a4 ,to hold dressings in place4 #b4 ,to support the parts4 #c4 ,to hold splints in place4 ,never use wet bandages--they shrink in drying4 ,never put a tight bandage over a wet compress2 use a loose triangular bandage4 ,the exclusion of air might also cause blisters4 ,an emetic is a medicine which causes vomiting4 ,to sterilize a needle or knife blade1 dip into alcohol or pass through an alcohol or gas flame2 or hold in boiling waiter several minutes4 ,to make a saturated solution dissolve in water as much of the powder mentioned as possible4 ,,note4--,remember that heat in the form of hot drinks and hot applications is the best kind of stimulant4 ,a ,,ready ,,reference ,,list ,reference to poisonous remedies has been carefully avoided as much as possible4 ,where dosage is not mentioned in the following1 refer to ,list of ,remedies for the ,home ,medicine ,closet1 page #acf4 ,biliousness4 ,give citrate of magnesia1 or ,epsom or ,rochelle salt1 or ,jcastor oil4 ,cracked ice slowly melted in the mouth generally relieves sick stomach4 ,hot1 clear coffee given after any of the above medicines counteracts greatly the nauseating effect4 ,bites of ,dogs1 ,cats1 ,snakes4 ,if on a limb1 tie a cloth tightly around limb1 between wound and body4 ,loosen slightly in an hour4 ,encourage bleeding by squeezing1 to get poison out1 or suck and spit out blood from the wound1 being careful to see there are no cuts or wounds in the mouth or lips1 through which the poison may enter4 ,apply iodine4 ,if hydrophobia 7rabies7 is suspected1 send for doctor at once1 who will see that correct treatment is given4 ,this treatment is concerned with the injection of a serum into the blood4 ,see ,chapter ,,xvii4 ,bites of ,insects1 ,spiders1 etc4 ,treat as for stings4 ,these are seldom dangerous to life4 8,black ,eye40 ,for 8black eye10 use either cold or hot water compresses immediately4 ,massage gently for discoloration4 ,bleeding of ,gums4 ,rinse mouth with alum water--#a teaspoon powdered alum in a glass of ice water2 or #a tsp4 tincture of myrrh in #a tbsp4 water4 ,blood ,blisters4 ,do not open4 ,apply hot water4 ,broken ,bones or ,fractures4 ,there are two kinds of fractures3 #a4 ,simple1 where the bone only is broken4 #b4 ,compound1 where the skin is broken through at point of fracture4 ,treatment3 ,send for doctor at once4 ,much harm is done by unskilled handling4 ,do not move patient unless absolutely necessary4 ,if a compound fracture1 apply iodine4 ,bandage a sterile gauze compress loosely over wound1 tie a cloth tightly around limb1 between wound and body4 ,see 8,hemorrhage0 in this list4 ,using extreme gentleness1 place limb in comfortable position on a pillow or pad1 and tie fast with strips of muslin or bandages4 ,if impossible to get doctor for a long time1 and patient must be moved1 use extreme carefulness1 and tie limb to padded splints with bandages4 ,rulers1 umbrellas1 sticks1 rolled newspapers1 may be used for splints4 ,if an arm1 after applying splints1 place in sling made with triangular bandage1 or pin coat sleeve to front of shirt4 ,treat for 8,shock40 ,bruises or ,contusions4 8,black and blue0 spots from blow or fall or pinching1 causing blood vessels to rupture under skin4 ,apply at first3 ,ice1 or ice water2 or ,alcohol and water1 half and half2 or ,witch hazel1 or arnica2 or ,vinegar diluted with water4 ,afterward use hot applications4 ,gentle rubbing or massaging helps dispel the discoloration4 ,if surface is scraped1 as from fall in sand1 see 8,wounds40 ,burns and ,scalds4 ,there are three different degrees of burns3 #a4 ,mere reddening of the skin 7slight burns74 #b4 ,formation of blisters 7deeper burns74 #c4 ,charring and destruction of the skin and tissues4 #a4 ,for slight burns 7first degree71 apply any of the following3 ,bicarbonate of soda 7baking soda7 mixed in water to the thickness of milk1 olive oil1 cream1 vaseline1 lard1 butter1 white of egg1 or flour and water paste1 or starch and water4 ,spread gauze compress,k with the material used1 and bandage loosely in place4 #b4 ,in deeper burns 7second degree71 be careful in removing clothing--cut it off1 if necessary1 to prevent tearing the skin4 ,bandage on loosely compresses wet in one of the following3 7a7 ,normal ,salt ,solution 7#a level tsp4 salt in #a pint boiled water72 or 7b7 ,carron ,oil 7 lime water1 linseed oil72 or 7c7 ,saturated ,solution ,bicarbonate of ,soda4 7,dissolve as much baking soda as possible in a cup of boiled water27 or 7d7 ,picric ,acid ,gauze ,compress4 ,follow any of these treatments with ,boric ,acid ,ointment4 7,see ,list of ,medicines1 ,no4 #bb74 ,blisters4 ,later1 puncture blisters near base with a sharp instrument which has been sterilized by dipping in alcohol4 ,mop up the watery discharge with a little aseptic absorbent cotton1 throwing it away4 ,never open blisters far enough to loosen skin4 ,dress with gauze compresses1 dusted with boric acid4 ,use several small compresses if burned surface is large4 #c4 ,in very severe burns 7third degree7 little can be done4 ,send for the doctor4 ,do not remove clothing4 ,make patient as comfortable as possible4 ,for burns about the eye1 anoint with olive oil and wash out with boric acid solution in eye dropper or eye cup4 7,see ,list of ,medicines1 ,no4 #c47 ,use compresses wrung out of ice water4 ,see doctor4 ,car ,sickness4 ,fresh air4 ,lying-down position4 ,do not look out of window at moving objects4 ,keep eyes closed4 ,chilblains4 ,chilblains are the result of too rapid warming of cold parts1 generally feet or fingers4 ,sometimes for years after being frost-bitten1 exposure to severe cold will produce itching and burning1 and perhaps swelling and ulcers4 ,treatment3 ,rub with turpentine or alcohol4 ,the rubbing in itself is excellent4 ,see doctor4 ,chills4 ,use heat4 ,apply hot-water bags under arms1 on thighs and at feet4 ,give hot foot bath1 in which is #a tbsp4 mustard4 ,rub limbs toward body1 to restore circulation4 ,give hot coffee or tea1 or hot lemonade4 ,wrap in blankets and put to bed4 ,chills indicate oncoming illness--see doctor6 ,see ,chapter ,,xi4 ,choking4 ,slap on back4 ,pass finger down throat4 ,this usually causes vomiting4 ,if a child1 hold him up by the feet1 head downward1 and slap on the back4 ,send for doctor1 if severe4 ,coal ,gas1 ,suffocation from4 ,send for doctor4 ,get patient into fresh air--loosen clothing4 ,keep patient warm with hot-water bags4 ,rub limbs toward body4 ,dash cold water in face4 ,doctor will probably use artificial respiration4 ,colds4 ,at the first sign of 8taking a cold0--use some simple remedy1 such as inhaling camphor from time to time for several hours4 ,dampen the center of a handkerchief in water1 and drop on it some spirit of camphor4 ,eat a sliced onion4,l ,take two drops of spirit of camphor on a tsp4 sugar4 ,or1 drop five drops camphor in tumbler of water4 ,take a tsp4 every half hour4 ,ginger tea is a much valued old-fashioned remedy4 ,pour boiling water over a tbsp4 bruised ginger root4 ,let stand two hours4 ,the dose is #a tbsp4 every hour or two4 ,if the 8cold0 continues1 take a laxative1 such as castor oil or rhubarb1 and follow the dose with a hot foot bath at night and hot lemonade after getting into bed1 to induce perspiration4 ,keep well covered4 ,if a cough comes with the cold1 lemon juice and sugar syrup make a pleasant cough remedy2 or molasses-and-vinegar syrup is liked by children4 ,mix in the proportion of #a tbsp4 vinegar to #b tbsp4 molasses4 ,flaxseed tea will sometimes relieve a 8tickling0 cough4 ,pour #b cups of boiling water over #a tbsp4 whole flaxseeds4 ,stir2 let simmer gently one-half hour4 ,add juice of half a lemon1 and sugar if desired4 ,take a tbsp4 as often as wished4 ,if the chest is sore1 rub it with camphorated oil1 or ammonia liniment1 which is made by shaking together in a bottle #d tbsp4 olive 7sweet7 oil and #a tbsp4 household ammonia4 ,this hardens upon standing a few days--so it is best made as needed4 ,all these are simple home remedies1 but if a cold is severe1 see a doctor4 ,a neglected cold is dangerous4 ,colic4 ,colic pains in abdomen are generally caused by indigestible food1 overeating1 constipation1 etc4 ,treatment3 ,give peppermint in hot water2 hot-water enema4 ,keep abdomen warmly wrapped in flannel2 use hot-water bottles1 or turpentine stupe4 ,if a child--massage abdomen with warm olive oil4 ,convulsions of ,children4 ,caused by indigestion1 constipation or oncoming illness4 ,child becomes stiff1 pulse is weak and rapid4 ,breathing is feeble1 face is pale at first1 afterward livid4 ,treatment3 ,send for doctor4 ,place child in warm bath1 with ice bag 7or ice-water cloths7 on head4 ,corns4 ,for soft corn1 apply vaseline4 ,for hard corn1 apply iodine and remove pressure by using corn plaster4 ,for a very sore corn1 use a bread poultice at night4 7,see 8,plasters and ,poultices0 at end of this list1 page #acd47 ,croup4 ,croup is generally more alarming than dangerous4 ,give #a teaspoon syrup of ipecac to make child vomit4 ,apply cloths wrung out of hot water on neck and chest4 ,a boiling tea kettle1 in which there are #b tbsp4 compound tincture of benzoin1 will afford relief4 ,direct the steam toward the child so that some of it may be inhaled4 ,keep the child in the same warm room forty-eight hours1 maintaining the atmosphere at an even temperature4 ,the day after the attack1 give the child castor oil or simple syrup of rhubarb4 ,if croup does not clear up in twenty-four hours1 see the doctor for membranous croup or diphtheria4 ,illustration3 ,,how ,,to ,,strap ,a ,,cut ,,finger ,cuts 7,slight74 ,touch with-- ,tincture of iodine1 or if iodine is not at hand1 ,alcohol1 or ,vinegar and water--equal parts4 ,if edges are spread far apart1 strap together with narrow strips of adhesive plaster across wound4 ,wrap with sterile gauze4 ,if cut is larger1 after applying iodine1 fasten on a gauze compress--cut inch larger than wound--with a bandage1 or with strips of adhesive plaster4 ,caution4--,never cover a wound or cut airtight4 7,see also ,chapter ,,vii47 ,diarrhea4 ,usually caused by indigestion1 impure water1 etc4 ,home remedies are raw flour and water paste2 a raw egg in a cup of hot tea2 spiced syrup of rhubarb4 ,give a dose of castor oil to clear the digestive tract of the irritating material4 ,if there is much pain1 keep abdomen warm with flannel and hot-water bag4 ,if a small child1 restrict diet to barley water and white of egg in water4 ,give adults milk and other liquid foods4 ,if persistent1 see doctor4 ,earache4 ,caused sometimes by bad teeth1 but generally by cold or hardened ear wax4 ,hold ear over cloth wrung out of hot water1 on which are several drops of alcohol4 ,syringe ear with warm bicarbonate of soda water--#a tsp4 to a cup2 or peroxide of hydrogen water--#a tbsp4 to a cup of water4 ,one drop laudanum1 or one drop arnica to three drops very warm olive oil1 dropped into ear with a medicine dropper1 often relieves pain2 or cotton may be saturated with the warm olive oil and placed in the ear and covered with dry cotton4 ,to prevent hardening of wax3 keep ear anointed with ordinary red vaseline 7unbleached vaseline74 ,for watery discharge of ear1 dust with dry boric acid4 ,fainting4 ,caused by too small a quantity of blood to the brain4 ,to prevent3 ,fresh air2 drink of cold water2 tsp4 aromatic spirit of ammonia in water2 bending head over between knees4 ,if the person has fainted3 ,keep crowd back2 place in lying-down position4 ,dash face with cold water4 ,let patient inhale smelling salts or household ammonia4 ,rub limbs toward body4 ,remember3 ,an unconscious person cannot swallow4 ,medicine may enter windpipe and cause strangulation4 ,after patient becomes conscious1 give stimulants2 such as aromatic spirit of ammonia or hot coffee4 ,fever ,blisters 7,cold ,sores74 ,apply boric acid ointment1,m or touch frequently with spirit of nitre or spirit of camphor4 ,fits4 ,there are two kinds3 #a4 ,hysterical--sobbing1 crying and laughing without cause1 jerky movement of the limbs4 ,treatment3 ,let patient quietly alone4 #b4 ,epileptic--convulsive movements and unconsciousness4 ,treatment3 ,keep patient from biting tongue by putting a piece of wood or folded cloth between teeth4 ,lay on side2 loosen clothing2 turn face to side so that secretions may not strangle4 ,after the fit1 let patient sleep4 ,do not give stimulants4 ,foreign ,body in ,ear4 ,if an insect1 drown out with warm olive oil1 or pour a little pure alcohol into ear4 ,do not probe ear4 ,foreign ,body in ,eye4 ,wink4 ,do not rub4 ,lift upper lid down over lower1 blowing opposite nostril4 ,if these means fail1 turn lid back over a toothpick1 removing foreign body gently with the pointed corner of a handkerchief4 ,for bits of plaster1 use dilute vinegar in eye cup4 ,for acids1 use very dilute bicarbonate of soda solution4 7,see ,chapter ,,xi47 ,frost ,bites4 ,parts frozen turn whitish or waxy looking4 ,do not bring patient into a warm room4 ,use cold applications4 ,keep in cold room4 7,see ,chapter ,,vii47 ,rub with snow' or ice-water cloths1 very gradually applying heat4 8,gum ,boils0 or 8,canker ,sores40 ,so-called 8gum boils0 or 8canker sores0 are little ulcer-like sores which at times appear in children's mouths1 caused by disarrangement of the stomach4 ,local applications1 such as borax or powdered alum1 shrink the sores and give a little relief2 but the child should be given a dose of calcined magnesia at night or citrate of magnesia in the morning4 7,never give a small dose of citrate of magnesia2 a child of twelve years should take a tumblerful47 ,heat ,exhaustion4 7,collapse ,due to ,excessive ,heat47 ,dangerous6 ,in heat exhaustion1 the symptoms and treatment are similar to shock3 pale face2 weak1 feeble heart beats2 great weakness1 but not unconsciousness2 shallow breathing2 cold1 clammy perspiration on face4 ,treatment3 ,send for doctor4 ,remove to cool place4 ,do not use cold applications4 ,give stimulants--hot coffee1 tea1 aromatic spirit of ammonia1 etc4 ,cover with blankets and use hot-water bottles4 ,hemorrhage 7,severe ,bleeding74 ,send for doctor4 ,while waiting1 try to staunch flow of blood4 ,if wound is in a limb3 ,if blood is red1 and comes in spurts 7arterial7-- ,elevate wounded part1 tie cloth tightly around limb between wound and body1 or use a tourniquet1,n loosening it in one hour4 ,if not loosened1 there is danger of gangrene4 ,if blood is dark1 and comes in slow flow 7venous7-- ,tie a cloth around between end of limb and wound4 ,or use a tourniquet1 loosening it in one hour4 ,illustration3 ,,using ,a ,,tourniquet ,in either case1 bandage a clean gauze compress against wound4 ,if unable to use these methods because of too rapid bleeding1 press fingers into wound1 but have another person tie as described4 ,do not use finger pressure if possible to avoid1 for the wound should be kept clean4 ,any of the following tend to stop bleeding3 ,ice or ice water4 ,very hot water4 ,vinegar1 #a tbsp4 to #d tbsp4 water4 ,salt1 #a tsp4 to #d tbsp4 water4 ,wet a compress 7several thicknesses of gauze7 in any of these and bandage on wound4 ,for hemorrhage of lungs1 place ice-bag on chest4 ,,do ,,not ,,give ,,whiskey ,,or ,,brandy6 ,for slight wounds1 see 8,cuts40 ,hiccough4 ,generally caused by indigestion4 ,nine to fifteen swallows of water without taking a breath1 or one or two soda-mint tablets1 will generally give relief4 ,if persistent1 cause vomiting by tickling throat with fingers1 or by swallowing a cup of warm water in which tsp4 mustard is dissolved4 7,see ,chapter ,,xi47 ,hives 7,nettle ,rash74 ,for itching1 rub into them common table salt1 or bathe with equal parts vinegar and water4 ,hives indicate stomach trouble4 ,give citrate of magnesia4 ,if hives persist1 give tsp4 table salt in water or tsp4 cream of tartar in glass of water three times a day for three days4 ,if hives still persist1 consult doctor4 7,see ,chapter ,x47 ,indigestion4 ,hot water4 ,soda mints4 ,aromatic spirit of ammonia4 ,bicarbonate of soda 7baking soda74 ,hot applications to the stomach4 ,itching4 ,for itching which affects the whole body1 give a bath2 apply sulphur ointment4 ,sulphur ointment is made by rubbing #b tbsp4 flowers of sulphur into a dessertspoonful of lard4 ,lice in ,hair 7,pediculosis74 ,wash hair with kerosene1 leaving it on over night2 or use tincture of larkspur,o in the same way4 ,perhaps the best remedy is fishberries4,o ,five cents worth of the berries may be boiled in #a pint water for ten minutes4 ,wash hair next day after using any of these remedies4 ,nails 7,ingrowing74 ,scrape surface--a piece of glass is good for this purpose4 ,cut in ,v-shape4 ,pack absorbent cotton under affected side4 ,paint with iodine4 ,nausea 7,sick ,stomach74 ,give small bits of cracked ice4 ,soda mint4 ,lime water4 ,to crack ice3 wrap a piece in a cloth1 and hammer4 ,nosebleed4 ,head in upright position4 ,raise arm on bleeding side4 ,loosen collar4 ,apply ice in a cloth to bridge of nose and back of neck4 ,a roll of paper under upper lip4 ,snuff cold tea up nose1 or salt water1 #a tsp4 to cup water1 or the same of powdered alum4 ,if bleeding continues1 tie a small wad of cotton with thread2 dip it into peroxide of hydrogen1 and plug nostril by pushing the cotton gently with a pencil4 ,the thread is used to withdraw cotton4 ,if these means fail1 send for doctor4 ,perspiration4 ,for deodorizing--use a paste of borax and water4 ,poison ,ivy ,rash4 ,the poison ivy plant has three leaves in clusters4 ,do not scratch4,p ,mop on rash a saturated solution of ,epsom salt 7as much as can be dissolved in a cup of water72 or1 wash with saturated solution boric acid4 ,allow it to dry in the air4 ,lime water may be used in place of boric acid4 ,wash the affected surface every day1 dry and repeat treatment4 ,sweet fern tea is very good4 ,steep the sweet fern in boiling water an hour1 and apply to rash4 ,poisoning--,treatment and ,antidotes4 ,send for doctor1 but work immediately4 ,if you do not know what caused the poisoning1 make patient vomit as soon as possible by giving #a tsp4 mustard in a cup of warm water1 or #a tsp4 salt in a cup of warm water1 or #b tsp4 ipecac4 ,repeat if necessary4 ,after vomiting1 give white of egg stirred in water2 milk2 or boiled starch4 ,give hot coffee as stimulant4 ,there are three divisions of poisons3 7a7 ,those that affect the nervous system2 as opium1 aconite1 alcohol4 7b7 ,those that irritate2 as arsenic1 tainted food4 7c7 ,those that corrode 7burn72 as carbolic acid1 oxalic acid1 bichloride of mercury 7which is corrosive sublimate71 lye1 caustic alkalies4 ,in any case of poisoning1 remember that the first-aid treatment is to-- #a4 ,remove the poisonous material1 or #b4 ,neutralize its further action4 #c4 ,remedy the ill effects already produced4 #a4 ,to remove the poison1 give emetic 7to produce vomiting72 as mustard and water or ipecac or salt and water4 ,an emetic is not usually used1 however1 in corrosive poisoning 7see 7c7 above7 except in the case of bichloride of mercury1 for which see special direction below4 #b4 ,to neutralize the further effect of poison1 give something to destroy its action2 for instance1 if lye is swallowed1 give dilute acid1 as vinegar and water4 #c4 ,to remedy the ill effects1 give stimulants2 as strong coffee4 ,,some ,,antidotes ,for ,carbolic ,acid4--,in case of poisoning from carbolic acid1 give alcohol and water2 or1 if alcohol is not at hand1 #a tbsp4 ,epsom salt in a glass of water1 or beaten whites of eggs in milk4 ,use hot-water bottle4 ,treatment of ,poisoning from ,any ,other ,acids than ,carbolic 7,corrosives74--,give alkalies--baking soda1 #a tsp4 in a cup water4 ,lime water1 magnesia1 whitewash diluted with water2 even a tbsp4 of strong soapsuds4 ,follow with beaten white of egg and milk1 olive oil1 coffee4 ,treatment of ,poisoning from ,alkalies 7,lye1 ,household ,ammonia1 etc474 7,corrosives47--,do not cause vomiting4 #a tbsp4 vinegar in a cup of water2 lemon juice and water1 half and half2 orange juice2 follow with whites of egg in milk1 olive oil2 flour and water2 hot coffee4 ,for ,bichloride of ,mercury 7,corrosive ,sublimate74--,give beaten whites of eggs in water2 emetic--warm mustard water 7#a tsp4 to cup72 hot coffee4 ,keep patient warm4 ,for ,iodine4--,give boiled starch1 or starch and water1 or flour and water4 ,give hot coffee4 ,keep patient warm4 ,for ,arsenic 7,irritant4 ,see 7b7474--,give an emetic2 tincture of iron1 white of eggs1 coffee4 ,for ,laudanum 7,affects ,nerves4 ,see 7a7474--,keep patient awake by walking4 ,give strong black coffee4 ,powder ,wounds4 ,dangerous because powder carries germs of 8lockjaw40 ,wash the skin4 ,paint with iodine4 ,apply vaseline4 ,this loosens any bits of powder1 which may be washed off the next day4 ,absolutely every wound of this character must be treated by a doctor1 who will inject anti-tetanic serum4 7,see ,chapter ,,xii47 ,prickly ,heat4 ,rash1 especially on young children1 caused by heat4 ,wash with warm water and soap4 ,apply alcohol 7one part to three of water74 ,dust with talcum powder4 7,see ,chapter ,x47 ,ptomaine ,poisoning4 ,symptoms3 ,severe nausea1 purging diarrhea4 ,see doctor4 ,treatment3 ,vomiting is necessary4 ,give cup warm water in which #a tsp4 mustard is dissolved1 or give #b tsp4 ipecac4 ,give castor oil4 ,apply external heat--hot-water bags4 ,give #a tsp4 paregoric1 if you have it4 ,sea-,sickness4 ,cracked ice4 ,the best preventive is to see the doctor a week before going on ocean trip4 ,shock4 ,the word 8shock0 refers to the condition of nervous depression which follows any accident1 or sometimes the sight of one's own wound4 ,the breathing is feeble2 the face pale4 ,send for doctor4 ,place patient in lying-down position4 ,use hot-water bottles4 ,give hot coffee2 aromatic spirit of ammonia4 ,gently massage or rub limbs toward body4 ,keep body covered and warm4 7,sec ,chapter ,,iii47 ,sore ,throat4 ,at night wrap a cloth wet in alcohol around outside of throat4 ,gargle with salt and water 7#a tsp4 to a glass71 or borax and water in same proportion1 or hot tea1 or with the following-- ,gargle3 #b tbsp4 vinegar1 #a tbsp4 salt1 ,water to fill a tumbler4 ,if persistent1 see doctor4 ,splinters4 ,open wound with sterile needle4 ,pull splinter out from the direction it entered4 ,apply iodine or turpentine4 ,if under nail1 cut nail in ,v-shape at point where splinter entered1 before extracting splinter4 ,use tweezers4 ,paint the place with iodine4 ,a pair of extracting tweezers cost little1 and should be in every household4 ,to make needle or tweezers sterile1 dip in alcohol or pass through a flame4 ,sprain4 ,if at all severe1 send for doctor4 ,elevate limb4 ,apply cloth wrung from ice water1 or an ice bag1 for several hours1 then apply heat4 ,bandage to keep limb at rest4 ,stiff ,neck4 ,rub with sassafras oil or with capsicum vaseline4 ,stings4 ,extract sting if it remains imbedded in flesh4 ,apply household ammonia1 diluted with a little water1 or solution of bicarbonate of soda 7#a tsp4 soda to #a cup water74 ,mud1 wet salt1 slice of onion1 arnica1 witch hazel1 camphor are soothing4 ,if there is much swelling1 apply cracked ice4 ,apply spirit of camphor or alcohol to mosquito bites4 ,strain of ,muscles4 ,apply ice-water cloths or an ice bag4 ,if the cold fails to give relief in an hour1 apply heat4 ,bathe with arnica1 alcohol and water1 and rest the parts4 ,sunburn4 ,to prevent3 ,anoint exposed parts with cold cream1 vaseline1 or use toilet powder before going out4 ,treatment3 ,never wash sunburn4 ,never open blisters4 ,apply-- #a part lime water1 #c parts olive oil1 shaken together in a bottle4 ,sunstroke 7,collapse ,due to ,exposure to ,rays of ,sun74 ,distinguish between sunstroke and heat exhaustion4 ,in sunstroke the symptoms are3 red face2 rapid heart beats2 headache2 vomiting2 fever2 noisy breathing and sighing2 stupor2 no perspiration2 unconsciousness4 ,treatment3 ,send for doctor4 ,remove to cool place4 ,loosen clothing4 ,apply ice in a cloth1 or cloths wrung out of ice water to entire body4 ,give ,,no ,,stimulants--,,no ,,whiskey ,,or ,,brandy4 ,toothache4 ,see dentist4 ,hot applications4 ,iodine painted on gums4 ,oil of cloves on cotton in tooth4 7,be careful in using this47 7,see ,chapter ,,xi47 ,warts4 ,apply a 8corn cure0 containing 8cannabis indica40 ,nitric acid may be applied1 but it is so dangerous a poison that it is unsafe for children to handle4 ,wounds4 ,see 8,hemorrhage0 for deep1 bleeding wounds4 ,if surface is scraped1 as from a fall in sand1 wash wound with hot water 7which has been boiled7 and pure soap1 such as ,castile1 and paint with iodine4 ,fasten a sterile gauze compress in place over scraped surface with a bandage or adhesive plaster4 ,see also 8,cuts10 8,powder ,wounds40 ,,footnotes3 ,j ,use one of the proprietary 7patent7 preparations of castor oil1 pleasant to taste4 ,k ,a compress is several thicknesses of gauze or other clean material4 ,l ,if to the onion is added a tbsp4 or two of water1 a tbsp4 vinegar 7and olive oil1 if desired71 pepper and salt1 it will be found a palatable salad with bread and butter1 and will be liked by most children4 ,m ,see ,list of ,medicines ,no4 #bb4 ,n ,a tourniquet 7pronounced turn-e-ket7 is a constricting band used to stop bleeding4 ,usually a triangular bandage is folded into cravat form 7see page #hc7 and tied loosely about the limb2 then twisted as shown in this picture4 ,a rubber band1 necktie1 garter or a piece of rope may be used in emergency4 ,o ,poison4 ,p ,mothers who find it difficult to keep children from scratching this rash at night may cover hands with small triangular bandages4 ,,plasters1 ,,poultices ,,and ,,stupes ,moist heat1 in the form of plasters1 poultices1 and stupes1 is more penetrating than dry heat1 and is often employed in cases of severe inflammation4 ,mustard plasters are in such common use that it seems unnecessary to mention their value as counter-irritants4 ,to ,make a ,mustard ,plaster4--,for an adult1 mix together in the proportion of #a tbsp4 mustard and #c or #d tbsp4 flour1 and rub into a smooth paste with warm water--not hot or cold water4 ,for a child1 use from #d to #f tbsp4 flour to tbsp4 mustard4 ,spread the paste on muslin1 turning each edge over about an inch4 ,cover with gauze or a piece of thin muslin4 ,to prevent blistering1 it is well to add beaten white of egg in making the plaster1 and to anoint the skin with vaseline or olive oil before applying the plaster4 ,after removing plaster 7in about fifteen minutes71 cover skin with thin muslin4 ,if much inflamed1 apply olive oil or vaseline4 99 99 99 99 99 ,flaxseed is the favorite material for making a poultice1 because the oil in the seed retains heat longer than most other materials4 ,to ,make a ,flaxseed ,poultice4--,into a cup of boiling water1 stir as much ground flaxseed as it will 8take up40 ,spread on muslin2 fold edges over one inch or more1 and cover with one layer of gauze4 ,poultice is applied as hot as possible to the surface4 ,replace in one hour4 ,a bread poultice is made by laying a slice of bread in a sieve1 and pouring hot water over it4 ,it is placed on muslin and applied direct4 ,poultices are not used as much as they were a number of years ago1 but stupes give such relief to pain in the abdomen that mention should be made of the ,turpentine ,stupe4--,to #a pint boiling water1 add #b tsp4 oil of turpentine4 ,dip a large piece of flannel into this4 ,wring out by twisting in a towel--lay wet flannel in center of towel1 fold edges of towel over the flannel and twist ends of towel until the flannel is quite dry4 ,apply hot6 ,cover with a large dry towel4 ,watch that it does not blister4 ,anoint with vaseline or olive oil before applying stupe if skin is very sensitive4 ,an easier method is to mix together equal parts oil of turpentine and olive oil4 ,heat by setting the cup containing the mixture in very hot water4 ,apply by rubbing4 ,cover with woolen cloth wrung out of hot water1 as described above4 ,,list ,,of ,,remedies ,,for ,,the ,,home ,,medicine ,,closet ,in every home there should be a certain closet or shelf high above little children's reach1 where the medicines and articles needed in emergencies are kept4 ,among these should be found1 plainly labeled1 the following3 #a4 ,tincture of ,iodine4 #b4 ,aromatic ,spirit of ,ammonia4 #c4 ,boric ,acid ,powder4 #d4 ,stearate of ,zinc4 #e4 ,pure ,alcohol4 #f4 ,lime ,water4 #g4 ,carron ,oil4 #h4 ,epsom ,salt4 #i4 ,soda-,mint-and-,pepsin ,tablets4 #aj4 ,baking ,soda4 #aa4 ,household ,ammonia4 #ab4 ,adhesive 7,zinc ,oxide7 ,plaster4 #ac4 ,tube ,vaseline4 #ad4 ,capsicum ,vaseline4 #ae4 ,peroxide of ,hydrogen4 #af4 ,castor ,oil4 #ag4 ,witch ,hazel4 #ah4 ,essence of ,ginger4 #ai4 ,syrup of ,ipecac4 #bj4 ,spirit of ,camphor4 #ba4 ,sweet ,spirit of ,nitre4 #bb4 ,boric ,acid ,ointment4 #bc4 ,powdered ,alum4 #bd4 ,borax4 #be4 ,spiced ,syrup of ,rhubarb4 #bf4 ,picric ,acid ,gauze4 #bg4 ,aromatic ,smelling ,salts4 #bh4 ,oil of ,cloves4 #bi4 ,normal ,salt ,solution4 #cj4 ,powdered ,mustard4 #ca4 ,essence of ,peppermint4 #cb4 ,tincture of ,arnica4 #cc4 ,oil of ,turpentine4 #cd4 ,aseptic ,absorbent ,cotton4 #ce4 ,sterile ,gauze4 #cf4 ,triangular ,bandages4 #cg4 ,roller ,bandages4 #ch4 ,rubber ,ear ,syringe4 #ci4 ,fountain ,syringe4 #dj4 ,measuring ,glass4 #da4 ,eye ,dropper4 #db4 ,hot-,water ,bottle4 ,for description of the above remedies and dosage1 see the following pages4 ,,important ,,note4--,all bottles containing medicines which are poisonous when swallowed1 such as iodine1 should be labeled with red ink and should be tied with a rag about the neck1 in order that even in the dark1 no mistake may be made4 ,read labels three times before giving or taking medicine3 ,before taking from closet2 ,before measuring dose2 ,before giving to patient4 ,have amount given for a dose written on each label4 ,,measures4 #cj drops tsp4 7teaspoon7 #fj drops #a tsp41 or #a dram4 #b tsp4 #a dessertspoon4 #d tsp4 #a tbsp4 7tablespoon7 #a tbsp4 ounce4 #b tbsp4 #a ounce4 #a4 ,tincture of ,iodine4 7,one ounce in a large-mouthed glass-stoppered bottle47 ,this should be in every household and every member above ten years of age should know where it is kept4 ,any open wound or cut should be immediately touched with this antiseptic4 ,iodine is a poison if swallowed1 but is the best household remedy in cases of cuts or wounds4 ,it should be applied to such injuries immediately1 for it destroys germs4 ,iodine may be applied direct by pouring on wound2 or with a small wad of absorbent cotton fastened to a toothpick4 ,if iodine is swallowed by accident1 give cornstarch and water1 or boiled starch1 or bread softened in water4 ,to take iodine stains out of materials1 use strong household ammonia4 #b4 ,aromatic ,spirit of ,ammonia4 7,one ounce in glass-stoppered bottle47 ,dose3 ,children1 #aj drops in glass of water4 ,grown people1 tsp4 in glass of water4 ,dose may be safely repeated every hour for several hours4 ,this is used for nervousness1 headaches1 indigestion1 fainting1 etc4 7,remember that an unconscious person cannot swallow1 so do not give an unconscious person medicine1 for it may cause choking47 #c4 ,boric ,acid ,powder4 7,one-half pound47 ,boric acid is not an acid1 but a simple harmless alkali4 ,useful in solution as a mouth wash2 also for stings and for sore eyes4 ,dissolve as much as possible in a cup of freshly boiled water4 ,for sore eyes1 use in an eye-dropper or an eye-cup4 ,it is both harmless and safe4 ,sometimes the dry powder is dusted on the blistered surface of a burn to dry blisters4 ,talcum powders contain a great deal of boric acid1 which is cooling and healing4 #d4 ,compound ,stearate of ,zinc4 7,one ounce47 ,a simple1 excellent dusting powder for skin irritations4 #e4 ,pure ,alcohol4 7,one pint in glass-stoppered bottle4 ,the glass stopper prevents evaporation47 ,useful for bathing in case of fever--to reduce temperature4 ,dip needle into alcohol before taking a splinter out--to 8sterilize0 or remove germs from needle4 ,if iodine becomes too strong because of evaporation1 add a little pure alcohol4 ,,note4--8,wood0 alcohol is a poison1 sometimes causing blindness2 even used for bathing1 it injures the eyes4 8,denatured0 alcohol is a poison4 #f4 ,lime ,water4 7,five cents' worth47 ,dose3 #a to #b tbsp4 or more in water or milk4 ,used for acid indigestion1 for poisoning from acids1 and in making carron oil4 #g4 ,carron ,oil4 7,one-half pint47 ,carron oil is excellent for burns4 ,it may be purchased at the drug store1 or made by shaking together in a bottle equal parts of linseed oil and lime water2 for instance3 one-quarter cup linseed oil1 one quarter cup lime water4 #h4 ,epsom ,salt4 7,one-half pound47 ,useful as a laxative4 ,dose3 #a tsp4 to #a tbsp4 in a glass of water4 ,to relieve the skin in ivy poisoning1 dissolve as much ,epsom salt as possible in a quarter cup boiled water4 ,when cool1 bathe skin and allow to dry in the air4 #i4 ,soda-,mint-and-,pepsin ,tablets4 ,a simple remedy for indigestion4 #aj4 ,baking ,soda 7,bicarbonate of ,soda74 7,two ounces in a box or glass47 ,useful in solution in case of scalds or burns1 and stings of insects4 ,for indigestion3 dose tsp4 in glass hot water4 #aa4 ,household ,ammonia4 7,label1 8,,poison407 ,in case of fainting1 hold a little distance from patient's nose4 ,useful for stings of insects4 #ab4 ,adhesive 7,zinc ,oxide7 ,plaster4 7,one yard1 one-half inch wide47 ,useful for holding dressings in place or for fastening end of bandages1 etc42 for support in sprains in place of bandages2 for strapping a cut1 but should not be used to cover a cut or wound4 #ac4 ,tube ,vaseline4 ,useful for burns1 chapped hands1 granulated eyelids4 ,do not put vaseline on fresh cuts or wounds4 ,if a glass stopper is oiled with vaseline1 it will not 8stick0 fast4 #ad4 ,tube ,capsicum ,vaseline4 ,used for stiff neck1 and in place of mustard plaster when only a mild irritant is needed4 #ae4 ,peroxide of ,hydrogen4 7,four ounces47 ,do not use on cuts6 ,cotton saturated with peroxide of hydrogen will generally stop severe nosebleed4 ,used sometimes for burns4 ,keep bottle in a dark closet2 it deteriorates in the light4 ,,note4--,peroxide of hydrogen is recommended by ,state ,boards of ,health as a protection against ,infantile ,paralysis4 ,use as a spray for nose and throat1 or as a gargle1 in the proportion of one part peroxide to three parts water4 #af4 ,castor ,oil4 7,two ounces47 ,dose3 ,children1 #a to #b tsp42 adults1 #a to #b tbsp4 ,a mild purgative1 clearing the intestines of undigested food in case of acute indigestion4 ,it may be given in capsules2 or one of the patent 78proprietary07 preparations may be given4 ,there are one or two of these which are not at all unpleasant to take4 ,an easy method of taking castor oil3 hold a piece of ice in the mouth before taking2 and after1 rinse the mouth with ice water4 #ag4 ,witch ,hazel4 7,ten cents' worth47 ,for sprains1 stings1 bites of insects4 ,best applied in wet compress4 #ah4 ,essence1 or ,tincture1 or ,spirit of 7,jamaica7 ,ginger4 7,one ounce47 ,dose3 tsp4 in a tbsp4 hot water4 ,less for children4 ,for colic and indigestion4 #ai4 ,syrup of ,ipecac4 7,two ounces47 ,dose3 ,as expectorant1 #e to #aj drops2 as emetic1 #a tsp4 to #a tbsp41 according to age4 ,used as an emetic--to produce vomiting--in croup1 in cases of poisoning1 etc4 ,useful in small doses in bronchitis and asthma4 #bj4 ,spirit of ,camphor4 7,two ounces47 ,this may be made by pouring pure alcohol on pure gum camphor4 ,it is useful for colds when they first appear4 ,dose3 #b drops on a tsp4 sugar4 ,excellent for mosquito bites4 #ba4 ,sweet ,spirit of ,nitre4 7,two ounces47 ,dose3 ,children1 #c to #aj drops in glass of water4 ,adults1 #bj drops to #a tsp4 in glass of water4 ,for fever and colds4 ,apply to fever blisters 7cold sores7 to allay inflammation4 #bb4 ,boric ,acid ,ointment4 ,excellent for fever blisters 7cold sores74 ,made by rubbing #a tbsp4 boric acid powder into #a tsp4 vaseline4 #bc4 ,powdered ,alum4 7,one ounce47 ,useful for bleeding gums1 canker spots1 as a gargle in sore throat1 etc4 ,dissolve a tsp4 in a glass of water4 #bd4 ,borax4 7,one pound47 ,useful as a gargle or mouth wash--one tsp4 in a glass of water2 or as a deodorant of perspiration1 and for general cleansing purposes4 #be4 ,spiced ,syrup of ,rhubarb4 7,two ounces47 ,dose3 ,children to #a tsp4 ,adults #b tsp4 ,for pain in abdomen1 indigestion1 diarrhea4 #bf4 ,picric ,acid ,gauze4 7,one small package47 ,this is excellent as a compress for burns1 but it leaves a stain on clothing which cannot be removed4 #bg4 ,aromatic ,smelling ,salts4 ,inhaled for faintness1 headache1 etc4 #bh4 ,oil of ,cloves4 7,one-half ounce47 ,for toothache4 ,saturate a piece of cotton and pack in the tooth after cleaning out the cavity4 ,cover with dry cotton4 #bi4 ,normal ,salt ,solution4 ,excellent for burns4 ,to make3 ,add #a level tsp4 table salt to #a pint water which has boiled #bj minutes4 ,do not use more salt than directions call for4 #cj4 ,mustard 7,powdered74 7,one-quarter pound47 ,one tsp4 in a glass of lukewarm water will cause vomiting4 ,useful as an emetic in cases of poisoning1 and in form of mustard plaster4 #ca4 ,essence of ,peppermint4 7,two ounces47 ,dose3 ,children1 #c to #aj drops in glass of water4 ,adults1 #aj to #bj drops in glass of water4 ,for colic1 flatulence 7gas71 heart-burn4 ,sometimes used externally for slight burns4 #cb4 ,tincture of ,arnica4 7,four ounces47 ,applied externally as a remedy for strains1 sprains1 and bruises4 #cc4 ,oil of ,turpentine4 7,two ounces47 ,useful for chilblains1 and in 8stupes40 ,see ,ready ,reference ,list1 page #acf4 7,buy this at the drug store--it is not the kind used in paint47 #cd4 ,aseptic 7,sterile7 ,absorbent ,cotton4 7,small package47 8,aseptic0 means clean1 or free from germs4 ,keep clean in package1 opening end only as needed4 ,throw away all used cotton4 #ce4 ,sterile ,gauze4 7,buy a one-yard package at the drug store4 ,keep it wrapped47 8,sterile0 means clean in a medical sense--free from germs4 ,do not handle4 ,hands are seldom clean in a medical sense4 ,never use old rags or pieces of handkerchiefs unless freshly laundered1 but if possible use sterile gauze for wrapping cuts or wounds4 #cf4 ,triangular ,bandages4 ,the triangular bandage is the bandage used for first-aid emergencies4 ,the roller bandages are for more permanent use4 ,it is most convenient to have on hand one of the ,red ,cross ,first ,aid ,outfits1 the contents of which are so packed as to keep them free from dust4 ,the simplest of these outfits contains all material necessary in ordinary household accidents3 ,a triangular muslin bandage4 ,a gauze bandage4 ,two safety pins4 ,on the triangular bandage are printed pictures showing the way in which it is used4 7,see ,chapter ,,xiii47 ,to a gauze bandage a pad of gauze is sewed4 ,this pad may be tied over a wound without being touched with the hands4 ,the safety pins are to hold bandages in place1 but a stitch is better4 #cg4 ,roller ,bandages4 ,in addition to the above1 in every medicine closet there should be3 ,three gauze roller bandages1 #a inch wide 7for bandaging fingers74 ,three gauze roller bandages1 #b inches wide 7for bandaging arms1 etc474 ,it is best to buy roller bandages1 wrapped ready for use1 at the drug store4 ,never use a wet bandage1 for it shrinks as it dries1 and stops free circulation of the blood4 7,see ,chapter ,,xvi47 #ch4 ,rubber ,ear ,syringe4 #ci4 ,fountain ,syringe4 ,illustration3 ,,graduate ,,measuring ,,glass #dj4 ,graduate ,measuring ,glass1 marked with dosage--teaspoonful1 tablespoonful4 ,illustration3 ,,eye ,,dropper #da4 ,eye ,dropper1 which can be used to drop medicine4 #db4 ,hot-,water ,bottle4 ,while this list of contents of the ,home ,medicine ,closet may seem long1 the cost is but little1 and the timely use of some of the remedies may prevent serious illness and save doctors' bills4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's note3 ,obvious punctuation errors were corrected4 ,however1 many times the text goes straight from dialogue to instruction1 and a closing quotation mark is absent4 ,page #gd1 8tinest0 changed to 8tiniest0 7tiniest real ones7 ,page #hg1 8blame0 changed to 8blamed0 7you will be blamed7 ,page #aca1 8,gentle0 changed to 8,gently0 7,gently massage or7