,,! ,,practical ,,book ,,( ,,ori5tal ,,rugs ,,f\r? ,,edition ,,! ,,practical ,,books ,,( ,,home ,,life ,,enri*m5t ,,ea* ,,pr(usely ,,illu/rat$1 ,,h&somely ,,b\nd4 ,octavo4 ,clo?4 ,9 a slip case4 ,,! ,,practical ,,book ,,( ,,e>ly ,,am]ican ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,by ,,h>old ,,donaldson ,,eb]le9 ,,& ,,abbot ,,mcclure ,,! ,,practical ,,book ,,( ,,ar*itecture ,,by ,c4 ,,matlack ,,price ,,! ,,practical ,,book ,,( ,,ori5tal ,,rugs ,,by ,,dr4 ,g4 ,,griff9 ,,lewis ,,new ,,edition1 ,,revis$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,! ,,practical ,,book ,,( ,,g>d5 ,,ar*itecture ,,by ,,phebe ,,we/cott ,,humphreys ,,! ,,practical ,,book ,,( ,,p]iod ,,furniture ,,by ,,h>old ,,donaldson ,,eb]le9 ,,& ,,abbot ,,mcclure ,,! ,,practical ,,book ,,( ,,outdoor ,,rose ,,gr[+ ,,by ,,george ,c4 ,,?omas1 ,,jr4 ,,new ,,revis$ ,,edition ,,! ,,practical ,,book ,,( ,,int]ior ,,decoration ,illu/ration3 ,,tekke ,,bokh>a ,,rug ,size #e'f #f'd ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,turn]1 ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 ,?is piece is unusual 9 _m ways4 ,! backgr\nd ( old ivory bo? 9 ! bord]s & 9 ! field2 ! old rose color ( ! octagons2 ! diff]5ce 9 ! numb] ( bord] /ripes & 9 ! designs ( same on ! sides & ends are all non-,turkoman features4 ,x is ! only s call$ :ite ,bokh>a ( :i* we h any k4 ,,! ,,practical ,,book ,,( ,,ori5tal ,,rugs ,,by ,,dr4 ,g4 ,,griff9 ,,lewis ,,) #bj ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,color1 #ic ,,9 ,,d\bletone #gj ,,designs ,,9 ,,l9e1 ,,*>t ,,& ,,map ,,new ,,edition1 ,,revis$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,illu/ration3 logo ,,philadelphia ,,london ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,copyright1 #aiaa1 ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,copyright1 #aiac1 ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,at ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,squ>e ,,press ,,philadelphia1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,revis$ ,,edition ,x is mo/ gratify+ to bo? au?or & publi%]s t ! fir/ edition ( ,! ,practical ,book ( ,ori5tal ,rugs has be5 s quickly exhau/$4 ,its r rem>kable sale1 9 spite ( ! fact t )9 ! pa/ decade1 no less ?an sev5 books on ! subject h be5 pr9t$ 9 ,engli%1 proves t x is ! practical "p ( ! book t appeals to ! majority4 ,! second edition has be5 prep>$ ) ! same practical idea p>am\nt & q a few new features h be5 introduc$4 ,! color plates h be5 increas$ f t5 to tw5ty2 a *apt] on ,*9ese rugs has be5 ins]t$2 descriptions ( ?ree m rugs h be5 add$ & num]\s *anges & additions h be5 made to ! text 9 g5]al4 ,,preface ,ori5tal rugs h become z mu* a necessity 9 our beautiful1 arti/ic homes z are ! pa9t+s on ! walls & ! v>i\s o!r works ( art4 ,_! admir]s are rapidly increas+1 & ) ?is increas$ int]e/ !re is naturally an increas$ dem& = m reliable in=mation reg>d+ !m4 ,! aim ( ! pres5t writ] has be5 practical--no su* sy/ematiz$ & tabulat$ in=mation reg>d+ ea* v>iety ( rug 9 ! m>ket has previ\sly be5 attempt$4 ,! p>ticul>s on id5tification by prom95t *>act]i/ics & detail ( weav+1 ! detail$ *apt] on design1 illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t ) text cuts1 ?us enabl+ ! read] to id5tify ! diff]5t v>ieties by _! patt]ns2 & ! price p] squ>e foot at :i* ea* v>iety is held by retail deal]s1 are features new 9 rug lit]ature4 ,in/ructions are also giv5 = ! selection1 pur*ase1 c>e & clean+ ( rugs1 z well z = ! detection ( fake antiques1 anil9e dyes1 etc4 ,9 fur!rance ( ?is practical idea ! illu/rations are n ( museum pieces & priceless specim5s 9 ! possession ( weal?y collectors1 b ( f9e & attractive examples :i* ) k & c>e c be b\ght 9 ! op5 m>ket to-day4 ,^! illu/rations w !re=e be f\nd ( ! greate/ practical value to mod]n pur*as]s4 ,9 ! *apt] on fam\s rugs "s few specim5s illu/rative ( notable pieces h be5 add$4 ,9 brief1 ! au?or has hop$ to provide )9 reasonable limits & at a reasonable price a volume f :i* pur*as]s ( ,ori5tal rugs c le>n 9 a %ort "t all t is necess>y = _! guidance1 & f :i* deal]s & connoisseurs c ) ! greate/ ease ( ref]5ce refre% _! k & det]m9e po9ts :i* may be 9 "q4 ,= _m valuable h9ts ! au?or wi%es to ackn[l$ge indebt$ness to ! publications ref]r$ to 9 ! bibliography2 to ,miss ,lillian ,cole1 ( ,sivas1 ,turkey2 to ,major ,p4 ,m4 ,sykes1 ! ,engli% ,consulate ,g5]al at ,me%$1 ,p]sia2 to ,b4 ,a4 ,gupte1 ,f4 ,z4 ,s41 ,assi/ant ,director ( ,e?nography at ! ,indian ,museum1 ,calcutta1 ,india2 to ,pr(4 du ,bois-,reymond1 ( ,%anghai1 ,*9a2 to ,dr4 ,john ,g4 ,wi%>d1 ( ! ,am]ican ,hospital at ,teh]an1 ,p]sia2 to ,miss ,alice ,c4 ,bew]1 ( ! ,am]ican ,hospital at ,a9tab1 ,turkey2 to ,miss ,annie ,t4 ,all51 ( ,br\sa1 ,turkey2 to ,mr4 ,*>les ,c4 ,tracy1 presid5t ( ,anatolia ,college1 ,morsovan1 ,turkey2 to ,mr4 ,john ,tyl]1 ( ,teh]an1 ,p]sia2 to ,mr4 ,e4 ,l4 ,h>ris1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,consulate ,g5]al ( ,smyrna1 ,turkey2 to ,dr4 ,j4 ,ar?ur ,frank1 ,hamadan1 ,p]sia2 & to ,miss ,kate ,g4 ,a9slie1 ( ,mora%1 ,turkey4 ,= ! use ( "s ( ! plates & photographs ackn[l$gm5t is made to ,mr4 ,a4 ,u4 ,dilley1 ( ,bo/on1 ,mass42 to ,h4 ,b4 ,clafl9 ,co41 ( ,new ,york ,city2 to ,mr4 ,*>les ,quill ,jones1 ( ,new ,york ,city2 to ,miss ,lillian ,cole1 ( ,sivas1 ,turkey2 to ,maj4 ,p4 ,m4 ,sykes1 ( ,me%$1 ,p]sia2 to ,maj4 ,l4 ,b4 ,lawton1 ( ,s5eca ,falls1 ,n4 ,y42 to ! late ,william ,e4 ,curtis1 ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 to ,! ,sci5tific ,am]ican & to ,good ,h\sekeep+ magaz9es2 :ile ?anks are due ,mr4 ,a4 ,u4 ,dilley1 ( ,bo/on1 ,mass42 to ,lib]ty ,co41 ( ,london2 to ! ,simplicity ,co41 ( ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*42 to ! ,tiffany ,/udios & to ,nahigian ,bros41 ( ,*icago1 ,ill41 = "s ( ! color$ plates1 & to ,clif=d ,lawton1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 = ! map ( ! ,ori5t4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i ,,page ,,introduction #ag ,age ( ! weav+ art2 ,biblical ref]5ce to ! weav+ art2 a fasc9at+ /udy2 ! arti/ic wor? & o!r advantages ( ! ,ori5tal products ov] ! dome/ic2 annual importation4 ,i4 ,,co/ ,,& ,,t>iff #be ,^u :at dep5ds ! value2 ! v>i\s pr(its made2 transportation *>ges2 export duties2 import duties2 co/ comp>$ ) t ( dome/ic products2 "s fabul\s prices4 ,,ii4 ,,deal]s ,,& ,,auctions #ca ,ori5tal %rewdness2 :5 rugs are b\ght by ! bale2 ! auction a means ( dispos+ ( poor fabrics2 fake bidd]s4 ,,iii4 ,,antiques #ce ,! antique craze2 :y age enhances value2 :at con/itutes an antique2 h[ to det]m9e age2 antiques 9 ! ,ori5t2 antiques 9 ,am]ica2 celebrat$ antiques2 ,am]ican collectors2 artificial ag+4 ,,iv4 ,,advice ,,to ,,buy]s #dc ,reliable deal]s2 diff]5ce betwe5 ,ori5tal & dome/ic products2 h[ to exam9e rugs2 mak+ selections2 selection ( rugs = c]ta9 rooms4 ,v4 ,,! ,,hygi5e ,,( ,,! ,,rug #ee ,! hygi5ic condition ( ,ori5tal factories & homes2 condition ( rugs :5 leav+ ! ,ori5t2 condition ( rugs :5 arriv+ 9 ,am]ica2 ,unit$ ,/ates laws reg>d+ ! dis9fection ( hides2 ! duties ( retail]s4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,rugs #fc ,errone\s ideas reg>d+ ! we>+ qualities ( ,ori5tal rugs2 treatm5t ( rugs 9 ! ,ori5t comp>$ ) t 9 ,am]ica2 h[ & :5 clean$2 h[ & :5 wa%$2 mo?s2 h[ /raight5$2 removal ( /a9s1 etc4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,mat]ial ,,( ,,rugs #fi ,wool1 goats' hair1 camels' hair1 cotton1 silk1 hemp2 prep>ation ( ! wool2 sp9n+ ( ! wool4 ,,viii4 ,,dyes ,,& ,,dy]s #ge ,secrets ( ! ,ea/]n dye pots2 vegetable dyes2 anil9e dyes2 ,p]sian law aga9/ ! use ( anil9e2 ! process ( dye+2 favorite colors ( diff]5t rug-weav+ nations2 h[ to di/+ui% betwe5 vegetable & anil9e dyes2 symbolism ( colors2 ! individual dyes & h[ made4 ,,ix4 ,,weav+ ,,& ,,weav]s #hg ,! pres5t me?od comp>$ ) t ( c5turies ago2 ,ori5tal me?od comp>$ ) ! dome/ic2 pay ( ! weav]s2 ! ,ea/]n loom2 ! diff]5t me?ods ( weav+4 ,x4 ,,designs ,,& ,,_! ,,symbolism #ig ,ori5tal vs4 ,european designs2 tribal patt]ns2 ! migration ( designs2 *>act]i/ics ( ,p]sian designs2 *>act]i/ics ( ,turki% designs2 *>act]i/ics ( ,caucasian designs2 *>act]i/ics ( ,turkoman designs2 dates & inscriptions2 quotations f ! ,koran2 description & symbolism ( designs alphabetically arrang$1 ) an illu/ration ( ea*4 ,,xi4 ,,! ,,id5tification ,,( ,,rugs #adg ,a few *>act]i/ic features ( c]ta9 rugs2 table %[+ ! di/+ui%+ features ( all rugs2 an example4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,xii4 ,,g5]al ,,classification #afa ,h[ !y receive _! names2 trade names2 geographical classification ( all rugs4 ,,xiii4 ,,p]sian ,,classification #afi ,p]sian *>act]i/ics2 ! knot2 ! weav]s2 factories 9 ,p]sia2 ,p]sian rug prov9ces2 description ( ea* ,p]sian rug1 z foll[s3 ,h]ez1 ,bakh%is1 ,gorevan1 ,s]api1 ,k>a ,dagh1 ,ka%an1 ,s\j ,bulak1 ,tabriz1 ,bij> 7,s>akhs1 ,lule71 ,k]man%ah1 ,s5na1 ,f]aghan 7,iran71 ,hamadan1 ,ispahan 7,iran71 ,jo%aghan1 ,s>ab& 7,s>awan1 ,selvile71 ,s>uk1 ,sultanabad 7,muskabad1 ,mahal1 ,savalan71 ,niris 7,l>i/an71 ,%iraz 7,mecca71 ,h]at1 ,khorasan1 ,me%$1 ,kirman1 ,kurdi/an4 ,,xiv4 ,,turki% ,,classification #bag ,! rug-mak+ di/ricts ( ,turkey 9 ,asia2 annual importation ( ,turki% rugs2 ,turki% weav]s2 ! knot2 ,turki% *>act]i/ics2 ! ,kurds2 description ( ea* ,turki% rug1 z foll[s3 ,kir ,%ehr1 ,ou%ak1 ,k>aman1 ,mujur1 ,konieh1 ,ladik1 ,yuruk1 ,ak ,hiss> 7,aks>71 ,anatolian1 ,b]gama1 ,ghiordes1 ,kulah1 ,makri1 ,meles 7,c>ian71 ,smyrna 7,aid91 ,br\sa71 ,mosul4 ,,xv4 ,,caucasian ,,classification #bec ,! c\ntry2 ! p2 ,caucasian *>act]i/ics2 description ( ea* ,caucasian rug1 z foll[s3 ,daghe/an1 ,d]b5d1 ,kabi/an 7,kuban71 ,t*et*5 7,tzitzi1 ,*i*i71 ,baku1 ,%emakha 7,s\mak1 ,ka%mir71 ,%irvan1 ,g5ghis 7,turkman71 ,k>abagh1 ,kazak4 ,,xvi4 ,,turkoman ,,classification #bgg ,turkoman t]ritory2 ,turkoman *>act]i/ics2 description ( ea* ,turkoman rug1 z foll[s3 ,khiva ,bokh>a 7,afghan71 ,be%ir ,bokh>a1 ,tekke ,bokh>a1 ,yomud 7,yamut71 ,kasgh>1 ,y>k&1 ,sam>k& 7,malg>an74 ,,xvii4 ,,belu*i/an ,,rugs #bie ,! c\ntry2 ! p2 ,belu*i/an *>act]i/ics2 description & co/ ( ,belu*i/an rugs4 ,,xviii4 ,,*9ese ,,rugs #cja ,sl[ to gr[ 9 public favor2 exorbitant prices2 geographical classification2 classification accord+ to designs2 ,*9ese designs & _! symbolism2 ! mat]ials2 ! colors4 ,,xix4 ,,ghileems1 ,,silks1 ,,& ,,felts #caa ,h[ made2 classification1 *>act]i/ics1 uses1 description ( ea* k9d4 ,silks #caf ,classification1 colors1 co/1 we>+ qualities4 ,felts #cah ,h[ made2 _! use2 co/4 ,,xx4 ,,classification ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,int5d$ ,,use #cba ,pray] ,rugs4 ,h[ us$2 ! ni*e2 designs2 h[ classifi$2 pray] ni*e designs ) key4 ,he>? ,rugs1 ,grave ,rugs1 ,d[ry or ,w$d+ ,rugs1 ,mosque ,rugs1 ,ba? ,rugs1 ,pill[ ,cases1 ,sample ,corn]s1 ,saddle ,bags1 ,floor ,cov]+s1 ,runn]s1 ,hang+s4 ,,xxi4 ,,fam\s ,,rugs #cca ,museum collections2 private collections2 ! rec5t ,metropolitan ,museum exhibit2 age & h[ det]m9$2 description & pictures ( c]ta9 fam\s rugs4 ,,gloss>y #cda ,giv+ all rug names & t]ms alphabetically arrang$1 ) ! prop] pronunciation & explanation4 ,,bibliography #cei ,giv+ an alphabetically arrang$ li/ ( all rug lit]ature 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,,index #cfc ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,rugs ,,color$ ,,plates ,,page ,tekke ,bokh>a rug ,frontispiece ,me%$ pray] rug #bb ,khorasan c>pet #cb ,s>uk rug #dj ,%iraz rug #eb ,anatolian mat #fj ,ghiordes pray] rug #ff ,ladik pray] rug #gd ,daghe/an rug #hd ,kazak rug #id ,kazak rug #add ,%irvan rug #aeh ,s>uk rug #aff ,kulah he>? rug #baf ,%irvan rug #bej ,be%ir ,bokh>a pray] rug #bgd ,daghe/an pray] rug #bib ,*9ese rug #cjj ,*9ese rug #cjf ,*9ese cu%ion rug #cah ,,d\bletones ,! ,metropolitan animal rug #bf ,b]gama pray] rug #df ,symbolic ,p]sian silk 7,tabriz7 rug #dh ,symbolic ,p]sian silk rug #ih ,semi-,p]sian rug 7,european designs7 #ajj ,%iraz pray] rug #ajd ,hamadan rug #aaj ,f]aghan rug #aad ,k]man%ah rug 7mod]n7 #aah ,khiva pray] rug #abj ,kir ,%ehr pray] rug #acj ,konieh pray] rug #ach ,tekke ,bokh>a /rip #aej ,tekke ,bokh>a saddle half #afb ,h]ez c>pet #agb ,gorevan c>pet #agf ,s]api c>pet #agh ,ka%an silk rug #ahj ,tabriz rug #ahb ,bij> rug #ahf ,s5na rug #ahh ,f]aghan rug #aij ,hamadan rug #aib ,ispahan rug #aid ,s>ab& rug #aih ,mahal c>pet #bjb ,niris rug #bjd ,%iraz rug #bjf ,%iraz rug #bjh ,kirman pray] rug #baj ,kirman rug #bab ,kurdi/an rug 7,m9a ,khani design7 #bad ,kir ,%ehr pray] rug #bbj ,kir ,%ehr he>? rug #bbb ,konieh pray] rug #bbd ,mad5 7,mujur7 pray] rug #bbf ,ladik pray] rug #bbh ,yuruk rug #bcj ,ak ,hiss> pray] rug #bcb ,b]gama rug #bcf ,ghiordes pray] rug #bch ,kulah pray] rug #bdj ,meles rug #bdb ,meles rug #bdd ,makri rug #bdf ,mosul rug #bdh ,daghe/an rug #bed ,daghe/an pray] rug #bef ,kabi/an rug #beh ,t*et*5 or ,*i*i rug #bfj ,baku rug #bfb ,%emakha1 ,sumak or ,ca%m]e rug #bfd ,%irvan rug #bff ,g5ghis rug #bfh ,k>abagh rug #bgj ,kazak rug 7,palace design7 #bgb ,khiva ,bokh>a rug #bgh ,be%ir ,bokh>a rug #bhj ,tekke ,bokh>a rug #bhb ,tekke ,bokh>a 7,pr9cess ,bokh>a1 ,khat*lie7 pray] rug #bhd ,yomud rug #bhf ,sam>k& rug #bij ,belu*i/an rug #bif ,s5na ,ghileem rug #cab ,kurdi% ,ghileem rug #cad ,m]ve ,ghileem rug #caf ,kurdi% ,ghileem rug #caf ,saddle clo?1 saddle bags & p[d] bag #cbd ,kirman saddle bags #cbf ,bij> sample corn] #cbh ,ardebil ,mosque c>pet #ccj ,b]l9 ,dragon & ,phnix rug #ccb ,ea/ ,indian hunt+ rug #ccd ,! ,altman pray] rug #ccf ,! ,bak] hunt+ rug #cch ,,rug ,,mak+1 ,,etc4 ,a ,p]sian rug m]*ant #ch ,exp]t weav] & inspector #ch ,sp9n+ ! wool #gb ,p]sian dye pots #hj ,a ,p]sian village #hj ,a ,turki% loom #hh ,! ,s5na & ,ghiordes knots #ij ,y\?ful weav]s #ij ,a ,p]sian loom #ib ,a wood5 comb #ib ,a ,kurdi% gu>d #abd ,! ,emir ( ,bokh>a & 8 m9i/]s #acd ,turkomans at home #acd ,*>act]i/ic backs ( rugs #aeb ,inspect+ rugs at ,ispahan #agj ,p]sian villages ne> ,hamadan #agj ,turkomans #bgf ,hav+ a pot ( tea at ,bokh>a #bhh ,a /reet 9 ,sam>k& #bhh ,! rug c>avan #cgf ,,designs ,angul> hook #aja ,b>b]-pole /ripe #ajb ,bat #ajc ,beetle #ajc ,butt]fly bord] design #ajd ,caucasian bord] design #aje ,*i*i bord] design #aje ,*9ese fret #ajf ,*9ese cl\d b& #ajf ,comb #ajh ,crab bord] design #ajh ,greek cross #aji ,fi% bone bord] design #aab ,galley bord] design #aab ,georgian bord] design #aab ,ghiordes bord] design #aac ,h]ati bord] design #aad ,h]ati field design #aad ,knot ( de/9y #aaf ,kulah bord] design #aaf ,lamp #aag ,lattice field #aag ,l9k #aah ,lotus #aah ,lotus bord] design #aai ,greek me&] #aai ,pole m$allion #abj ,mir or ,s>ab& bord] design #abj ,octagon #abb ,palace or sunbur/ #abb ,pe> #abc ,pe> bord] design #abd ,reciprocal saw-tee? #abf ,reciprocal trefoil #abf ,lily or ,rhodian field design #abf ,lily or ,rhodian bord] design #abf ,ribbon bord] design #abg ,roo/] #abg ,rosette #abh ,s =ms #abi ,scorpion bord] design #abi ,%irvan bord] design #acj ,%\ #aca ,solomon's seal #aca ,/> #acc ,swa/ika #acd ,t =ms #acd ,tae-kieh #ace ,t>antula #ace ,tekke bord] designs #ace ,tekke field designs #ace ,tomoye #acf ,tortoise bord] designs #acf ,tree designs #acg ,w9e-glass bord] designs #ach ,w+$ disc #aci ,y =ms #aci ,v>i\s =ms ( pray]-ni*e 9 rugs #cbb ,,nameless ,,designs ,p]sian bord] designs #adj ,turki% bord] designs #ada ,caucasian bord] designs #adb ,turkoman bord] designs #adc ,*9ese bord] designs #adc ,*9ese field design #adc ,kurdi% field designs #adc ,caucasian field design #adc ,turki% field designs #adc ,p]sian field designs #adc ,,*>t ,%[+ ! di/+ui%+ features ( ! diff]5t rugs #aef ,,map ,! ,ori5t ,at end ( volume ,,introduction ,j :5 ! art ( weav+ orig9at$ is an unc]ta9ty1 b !re seems to be a cons5sus ( op9ion among ar*ologi/s 9 g5]al t x 0 9 exi/5ce e>li] ?an ! #bd? c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,! fir/ p :i* we h be5 able ) c]ta9ty to associate ) ?is art 7 ! anci5t ,egyptians4 ,monum5ts ( anci5t ,egypt & ( ,mesopotamia be> witness t ! products ( ! h& loom date a consid]able "t prior to #bdjj ,b4,c41 & on ! tombs ( ,b5i-,hassan are depict$ wom5 weav+ rugs on looms v mu* l ^? ( ! ,ori5t at ! pres5t "t4 ,f anci5t lit]ature we le>n t ! palaces ( ! ,ph>aohs 7 ornam5t$ ) rugs2 t ! tomb ( ,cyrus1 f\nd] ( ! anci5t ,p]sian mon>*y1 0 cov]$ ) a ,babylonian c>pet & t ,cleopatra 0 c>ri$ into ! pres5ce ( ,cs> wrapp$ 9 a rug ( ! f9e/ texture4 ,ovid vividly describ$ ! weav]'s loom4 ,9 ,hom]'s ,iliad we f9d ^! words3 ,?us z he spoke he l$ !m 9 & plac$ on c\*es spread ) purple c>pets o'er4 ,! woman 9 ! ,prov]bs ( ,solomon said1 ,i h wov5 my b$ ) cords1 ,i h cov]$ x ) pa9t$ tape/ry f ,egypt4 ,job said3 ,my days are swift] ?an ! weav]'s %uttle & are sp5t )\t hope4 ,o!r places 9 ! ,bible :]e ref]5ce is made to ! art ( weav+ are1 ,ex4 #cc1 #ce1 ,sam4 #ag1 #g1 & ,isa4 #ch1 #ab4 ,besides ,biblical writ]s1 ,plautus1 ,scipio1 ,horace1 ,pl9y & ,josephus all speak ( rugs4 ,! ,egyptian c>pets 7 n made ( ! same mat]ial & weave z are ! s-call$ ,ori5tal rugs ( to-day4 ,! pile surface 0 n made by ty+ small tufts ( wool ^u ! w>p ?read4 ,! ,*9ese seem to h be5 ! fir/ to h made rugs 9 ?is way4 ,p]sia acquir$ ! art f ,babylon _m c5turies be=e ,*ri/1 s9ce :i* "t %e has held ! =emo/ place z a rug weav+ nation4 ,!re is no m fasc9at+ /udy ?an t ( ,ori5tal rugs & !re are few hobbies t claim s absorb+ a devotion4 ,to ! connoisseur x proves a v]itable en*antm5t3 to ! busy man a m5tal salvation4 ,he reads f 8 rugs ! life hi/ory ( bo? a bygone & a liv+ p4 ,a f9e rug ranks second to no o!r creation z a "w ( art & al?\gh _m ( !m are made by semi-b>b>ic p1 !y possess r>e arti/ic beauty ( design & execution to :i* ! ma/] h& ( ,"t puts ! f9i%+ t\*es4 ,ea* ma/]piece has its individuality1 no two be+ alike1 al?\gh ea* may be true 9 g5]al to ! family patt]ns1 & !re9 consi/s _! en*antm5t4 ,! long] y /udy !m ! m !y fasc9ate4 ,is x /range !n t ?is wond]ful reproduction ( colors appeals to connoisseurs & art lov]s ( e c\ntry8 ,7 "s ( ! antique or ev5 ! mod]n pieces end[$ ) ! gift ( spee* :at wond]fully int]e/+ /ories !y c\ld tell & yet to ! connoisseur ! hi/ory1 s to speak1 ( _m ( ^! gems ( ! ,ea/]n loom is pla9ly legible 9 _! weave1 designs & colors4 ,! family or tribal leg5ds work$ out 9 ! patt]ns1 ! religi\s or e?ical mean+ ( ! bl5d$ colors1 ! dea? ( a weav] be=e ! completion ( 8 "w1 :i* is aft]w>ds tak5 up by ano!r1 ! toil & privation ( :i* e rug is witness1 are all matt]s ( int]e/ only to ! /ud5t4 ,am]icans h be5 f> beh9d ,europeans 9 recogniz+ ! arti/ic wor? & ! _m o!r advantages ( ! ,ori5tal rug ov] any o!r k9d4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago few ,am]ican homes possess$ ev5 "o4 ,s9ce !n a m>k$ *ange 9 public ta/e has tak5 place4 ,all classes h become int]e/$ &1 accord+ to _! res\rces1 h pur*as$ !m 9 a mann] *>act]i/ic ( ! ,am]ican p1 s t n[ "s ( ! *oice/ gems 9 exi/5ce h f\nd a home 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,to :at ext5t ?is is true may be %[n by ! cu/om h\se /ati/ics1 :i* prove t1 ev5 "u a t>iff ( ne>ly #ej p] c5t41 ! annual importation exce$s ov] five million doll>s & ,new ,york ,city ) ! possible exception ( ,london has become ! l>ge/ rug m>ket ( ! _w4 ,?is importation w cont9ue on ev5 a l>g] scale until ! ,ori5t is robb$ ( all its fabrics & ! ,p]sian rug w h become a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,already ! we/]n dem& has be5 s great t ! dyes1 mat]ials & quality ( workman%ip h greatly det]iorat$ & ! ,ori5tals are ev5 import+ ma*9e made rugs f ,europe = _! own use4 ,x !re=e behooves u to *]i% ! ,ori5tal rugs n[ 9 our possession4 ,bo? ,europe & ! ,unit$ ,/ates are manufactur+ arti/ic c>pets ( a high degree ( excell5ce1 b !y nev] h & nev] w be able to produce any t w comp>e ) ^? made 9 ! ,ea/4 ,!y may copy ! designs & mat* ! %ades1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 b !y lack ! inspiration & ! knack ( bl5d+1 bo? ( :i* are comb9$ 9 ! ,ori5tal product4 ,only 9 a l& :]e "t is ( little value & is n consid]$ z an equival5t to money1 c su* arti/ic p]fection be br\ght ab\t4 ,,"p ,i ,illu/ration3 ,,me%$ ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #d' #c' ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,pray] rugs ( ?is class are exce$+ly r>e4 ,?is is ! only "o ! au?or has ev] se54 ,x is extremely f9e 9 texture1 hav+ tw5ty-eight ,s5na knots to ! in* v]tically & sixte5 horizontally1 mak+ f\r hundr$ & =ty-eight knots to ! squ>e in*1 ti$ s closely t x is q difficult to sep>ate ! pile suffici5tly to see ! wool or w>p ?reads4 ,! c5tral field consi/s ( ! tree ( life 9 d>k blue ) r$1 blue & p9k fl[]s ^u a backgr\nd ( ri* r$4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe c>ries ! ,h]ati design 9 d>k blue & d>k r$ ^u a pale blue gr\nd on ea* side ( :i* are n>r[ /rips ( p9k c>ry+ alt]nate dots ( r$ & blue4 7,see page #bji7 ,,co/ ,,& ,,t>iff ,! value ( an ,ori5tal rug _c be gaug$ by measurem5t any m ?an c t ( a f9e pa9t+2 x dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( knots to ! squ>e in*1 ! f95ess ( ! mat]ial1 ! ri*ness & /ability ( its colors1 ! am\nt ( detail 9 design1 its durability &1 la/ b n lea/1 its age4 ,none ( ^! qualifications be+ at sight app>5t to ! novice1 he is unable to make a fair comp>ison ( prices1 z frequ5tly rugs :i* appe> to him to be q alike & equally valuable may be f> ap>t 9 actual wor?4 ,:5 we consid] t f ! "t a rug leaves ! weav]s' h&s until x rea*es ! f9al buy] !re are at lea/ f five to sev5 pr(its to pay besides ! gov]nm5t t>iffs !reon1 x is no wond] t ! prices at times seem exorbitant4 ,! transportation *>ges am\nt to ab\t t5 c5ts p] squ>e foot4 ,! ,turki% gov]nm5t levies "o p] c5t4 export duty & ! heavily protect$ ,unit$ ,/ates levies =ty p] c5t4 ad valorem & t5 c5ts p] squ>e foot besides1 all ( :i* alone adds ov] fifty p] c5t4 to ! orig9al co/ 9 ,am]ica1 & yet %\ld we e/imate ! "w ^u ,ori5tal rugs by ! ,am]ican /&>d ( wages !y w\ld co/ f t5 to fifty times _! pres5t prices4 ,to furni% a home ) ,ori5tal rugs is n z exp5sive z x w\ld at fir/ seem4 ,!y c be b\ght piece by piece at int]vals1 z circum/ances w>rant1 & :5 a room is once provid$ = x is = all "t1 :]eas ! c>pet acc\nt is "o t is nev] clos$4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates good1 durable ,ea/]n rugs may be b\ght = f sixty c5ts to t5 doll>s p] squ>e foot1 & 9 ,engl& = mu* less4 ,extremely *oice pieces may run up to ! ?\s&s4 ,at ! ,m>qu& sale 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 #aijb1 a fifte5? c5tury ,p]sian rug 7#aj-aj x #f-a7 0 sold = #cf1jjj1 ne>ly #eej a squ>e foot4 ,! holy c>pet ( ! ,mosque at ,ardebil1 wov5 at ,ka%an 9 #aecf & n[ own$ by ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ( ,london1 is valu$ at #cj1jjj4 ,! fam\s hunt+ rug1 :i* 0 pres5t$ "s ye>s ago by ! late ,ex-,gov]nor ,ames ( ,massa*usetts to ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 is said to h co/ #ce1jjj4 ,! late ,mr4 ,y]kes ( ,new ,york ,city paid #fj1jjj = 8 ,holy ,c>pet1 ! highe/ price ev] paid = a rug4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan rec5tly paid #ag1jjj = "o #bj x #ae4 ,two ye>s ago ,h4 ,c4 ,frick paid #afj1jjj = eight small ,p]sians1 #bj1jjj apiece4 ,s5ator ,cl>k's collection co/ #c1jjj1jjj1 ,h4 ,o4 ,havemey]'s #bej1jjj1 & ,o4 ,h4 ,payne's #bjj1jjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,metropolitan ,,animal ,,rug ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,! ,,metropolitan ,,museum ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts ,,new ,,york ,,city 7,see page #ccg7 ,ev]y?+ consid]$1 ! diff]5ce 9 co/ p] squ>e foot betwe5 ! av]age ,ori5tal & ! home product am\nts to little 9 comp>ison to ! diff]5ce 9 endurance4 ,if "o uses ! prop] judgm5t 9 select+1 8 money is mu* bett] sp5t :5 inve/$ 9 ! =m] ?an :5 inve/$ 9 ! latt]4 ,:ile ! nap ( ! dome/ic is worn d[n to ! w>p ! ,ori5tal has be5 improv+ 9 color & %e5 z well z 9 value4 ,?is is due to ! fact t ! ,ea/]n product is made ( ! s(te/ ( wool & treat$ ) dyes :i* h /ood ! te/ ( c5turies & :i* pres]ve ! wool in/ead ( de/roy+ x z d ! anil9e dyes4 ,9 comp>+ ! co/ ( furni%+ a home ) ,ori5tal rugs or ) c>pets "o %\ld fur!r take into consid]ation ! fact t ) c>pets mu* unnecess>y floor space mu/ be cov]$ :i* repres5ts s mu* wa/e money4 ,also ! "q ( heal? involv$ 9 ! use ( c>pets is a v s]i\s "o4 ,!y reta9 du/ & g]ms ( all k9ds & are tak5 up & clean$1 z a rule1 b once a ye>4 ,) rugs ! room is mu* m easily kept clean & ! furniture does n h to be mov$ :5ev] sweep+ "t comes ar\nd4 ,,deal]s ,,& ,,auctions ,few ,europeans or ,am]icans p5etrate to ! int]ior m>kets ( ! ,ea/ :]e home-made rugs f9d _! fir/ sale4 ,ag5ts ( "s ( ! l>ge import]s h be5 s5t ov] to collect rugs f families or small factories & ! tales ( ,ori5tal %rewdness & trick]y :i* !y br+ back are _m & v>i$4 ,we h 9 ?is c\ntry _m hone/1 reliable =eign deal]s1 b occasionally "o meets ) "o ( ! class above ref]r$ to4 ,9 deal+ ) su* p x is safe nev] to bid m ?an half & nev] to give ov] two-?irds ( ! price !y ask y4 ,also nev] %[ special pref]5ce = any p>ticul> piece1 o!rwise y w be *>g$ m = x4 ,no deal] or au?ority may lay claim to infallibility1 b few ( ^! p h any adequate k ( _! /ock & are1 z a rule1 unc]ta9 au?orities1 except+ 9 ^? fabrics :i* come f ! vic9ity ( ! prov9ce 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,!y buy _! /ock 9 l>ge quantities1 usually by ! bale at s mu* a squ>e foot1 & !n m>k ea* accord+ to _! judgm5t s z to make ! bale av]age up well & pay a good pr(it4 ,s x is t an exp]t may occasionally select a *oice piece at a b>ga9 :ile ! novice usually pays m ?an ! actual wor?4 ,e rug has ?ree values1 fir/ ! art value dep5d+ ^u its colors & designs1 second ! collector's value dep5d+ ^u its r>ity1 & ?ird ! utility value dep5d+ ^u its durability4 ,no deal] c buy rugs on utility value alone & he :o sells ,ori5tal rugs v *eap usually sells v *eap rugs4 ,x might be well "r "h to /ate t :5 rugs are sold by ! bale ! :olesal] usually places a few good ones 9 ! bale = ! purpose ( dispos+ ( ! poor ones4 ,deal]s c always f9d an eag] m>ket = good rugs1 b poor ones (t5 g begg+1 & 9 ord] to dispose ( !m ! auction is resort$ to4 ,!y are put up "u a bright reflect$ light :i* %[s !m (f to ! be/ advantage2 ! bidd] is all[$ no opportunity = a ?or\gh exam9ation & almo/ inv>iably !re are pres5t sev]al fake bidd]s4 ,?is y c prove to y\r own satisfaction by att5d+ "s auction sev]al days 9 succession & y w see ! same beautiful ,tabriz bid (f ea* "t at a ridicul\sly l[ price1 :ile ^? t y actually see plac$ into ! h&s ( ! deliv]yman w av]age 9 price ab\t ! same z simil> rugs at a retail /ore4 ,illu/ration3 ,,khorasan ,,c>pet ,size #ad' #aj' ,,loan$ ,,by ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,co4 ,,own]',s ,,description ,an ,ea/ ,p]sian rug ( especially heavy weave 9 rob9 egg blue1 s(t r$ & cream4 ,design3 ,s]rat$ c5tre m$allion1 conf9$ by broad blue corn] b&s & sev5 bord] /rips4 ,a rug ( elaborate conv5tionaliz$ floral decoration1 ) a mod]n r5dition ( ,%ah ,abbas design 9 bord]4 7,see page #bjg7 ,,antiques ,! passion = antiques 9 ?is c\ntry has 9 ! pa/ be5 s /rong t rugs %[+ signs ( h>d we>1 ) ragg$ edges & pl5ty ( holes1 7 q z salable z ^? :i* 7 p]fect 9 e respect & ! amateur collector ( s-call$ antiques 0 usually an easy victim4 ,( late1 h[ev]1 ! antique craze seems to be dy+ out & ! av]age buy] ( to-day w select a p]fect mod]n fabric 9 pref]5ce to an imp]fect antique "o4 ,!re is no "q t age is an important factor 9 ! beauty ( a rug & t an antique 9 a /ate ( good pres]vation is mu* m valuable ?an a mod]n fabric1 especially to ! collector1 to :om ! latt] has little value4 ,9 ord] to be class$ z an antique a rug %\ld be at lea/ fifty ye>s old1 hav+ be5 made be=e ! introduction ( anil9e dyes4 ,an exp]t c det]m9e ! age by ! me?od ( weav+1 ! mat]ial us$1 ! color comb9ation1 & ! design1 ) m c]ta9ty ?an c ! art connoisseur tell ! age ( c]ta9 ,european pictures1 to :i* he assigns dates by _! peculi>ities 9 /yle4 ,e "t a design is copi$ x und]goes "s slight *ange until1 p]haps1 ! orig9al design is lo/4 ,?is modification ( designs also af=ds great assi/ance 9 det]m9+ _! age4 ,9 ! ,tiffany /udios 9 ,new ,york ,city c be se5 a s]ies ( ,f]aghan rugs %[+ ! *ange 9 design = sev]al g5]ations4 ,z a rule m k conc]n+ ! age ( a rug c be obta9$ f ! colors & ! mat]ials employ$ ?an f ! designs4 ,an antique appe>s light & glossy :5 ! nap runs f y1 :]eas x w appe> d>k & ri* b )\t lu/re :5 view$ f ! o!r end4 ,su* rugs are usually m or less %9y on ! back & _! edges are ei!r some:at ragg$ or h be5 ov]ca/ anew4 ,) ! exception ( a few r>e old pieces :i* may be f\nd 9 ! palaces ( rul]s & c]ta9 noblem51 ! ,ori5t has be5 pretty well /ripp$ ( its antiques4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,quill ,jones1 :o has made ?ree trips ?r\gh ! ,ori5t 9 se>* ( old rugs1 reports t region ne>ly b>e ( gems4 ,dur+ 8 la/ soj\rn 9 ^? p>ts he has succe$$ 9 collect+ a consid]able numb] ( valuable pieces1 b 8 success may be attribut$ to ! pov]ty & disruption ( h\seholds occasion$ by ! losses ( ! rec5t revolution 9 ,p]sia4 ,z especially r>e he writes ( hav+ secur$ five pieces :i* 7 made dur+ ! reign ( ,%ah ,abbas 9 ! #af? c5tury4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,russia1 ,au/ria1 ,pol&1 & especially ,bav>ia1 !re are _m f9e old pieces1 ^? ( ,london1 ,p>is1 ,b]l91 ,vi5na1 & ,budape/ be+ p>ticul>ly notewor?y4 ,! ,ro?s*ild collection 9 ,p>is conta9s _m mat*less pieces & ! ,ardebil ,mosque c>pet1 :i* is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,london1 is )\t d\bt ! mo/ fam\s piece ( weav+ 9 ! _w4 ,accord+ to ! inscription ^u x1 x 0 wov5 by ,maks\d1 ! slave ( ! ,holy ,place ( ,ka%an1 9 #aecf4 ,x measures ?irty-f\r feet by sev5te5 feet six in*es & conta9s #cb1jjj1jjj knots4 ,no d\bt !re are m good g5u9e antiques 9 ,europe & ,am]ica ?an 9 ! entire ,ori5t4 ,!y are to be f\nd1 z a rule1 9 museums & 9 private collections4 ,a numb] ( really old & v valuable pieces may be se5 at ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,! ,y]kes collection ( ,ori5tal rugs1 :i* has rec5tly be5 dispos$ ( at public sale by ! ,am]ican ,art ,gall]ies1 conta9$ no?+ b ,poli% fabrics & ,p]sian c>pets ( royal orig91 made at "s e>ly date prior to ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,"s ( ! mo/ prom95t collectors ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are ,mr4 ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan ( ,new ,york ,city1 :o has "o ( ! mo/ valuable collections 9 ! _w2 ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,frick ( ,pittsburg1 ,pa41 ,miss ,a4 ,l4 ,pease ( ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,williams ( ,morri/[n1 ,pa41 ! ,hon4 ,w4 ,a4 ,cl>k & ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,altman ( ,new ,york ,city1 ,mr4 ,!odore ,m4 ,davis ( ,newport1 ,r4 ,i41 ,mr4 ,frank ,l(tus1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,turn] & ,mr4 ,l4 ,a4 ,%ortell ( ,bo/on2 ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ball>d ( ,/4 ,l\is & ,mr4 ,p4 ,a4 ,b4 ,wid5] ( ,elk9s ,p>k1 ,pa4 ,! late ,ex-,gov]nor ,ames ( ,massa*usetts 0 an en?usia/ic collector & possess$ _m f9e pieces4 ,! late ,a4 ,t4 ,s9clair ( ,all/on1 ,mass41 possess$ ov] "o hundr$ & fifty antiques1 :i* he himself collect$ ov] tw5ty ye>s ago f ! v>i\s di/ricts ( ,p]sia1 ,asia ,m9or1 ! ,caucasus1 ,turke/an1 & ,belu*i/an4 ,_m ( ^! pieces are f "o hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ & fifty ye>s old & e "o is a gem4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,p]sian ,,rug ,,m]*ant ,illu/ration3 ,,exp]t ,,weav] ,,& ,,inspector ,) ! exception ( an occasional old ,ghiordes1 ,kulah1 ,b]gama or ,mosul1 = :i* are ask$ fabul\s prices1 few antiques c n[ be f\nd = sale4 ,x is on acc\nt ( ! enorm\s prices :i* antiques br+ t fak$ antiques h f\nd _! way into ! m>ket4 ,rugs may be artificially ag$ b nev] )\t detrim5t to !m4 ,! ag+ process is mo/ly done by cunn+ adepts 9 ,p]sia or ,con/ant9ople be=e !y are export$1 al?\gh 9 rec5t ye>s ! doctor+ process has be5 practis$ to q an ext5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & a l>ge portion ( ! undoctor$ rugs :i* rea* ^! %ores are soon aft]w>ds put ?r\gh ?is process4 ,! majority ( deal]s w tell y t !re is comp>atively little sale = ! undoctor$ pieces4 ,! *emically subdu$ tones & artificial %e5 appeal to mo/ p :o "k little ab\t ,ori5tal rugs4 ,= ton+ d[n ! bright colors !y use *loride ( lime1 oxalic acid or lemon juice2 = giv+ !m an old appe>ance !y use c(fee gr\nds1 & = ! creation ( an artificial %e5 or lu/re ! rugs are usually run betwe5 hot roll]s aft] ! application ( glyc]9e or p>aff9 wax2 !y are sometimes buri$ 9 ! gr\nd = a "t1 & wat] color pa9ts are frequ5tly us$ to re/ore ! color 9 spots :]e ! acid has act$ too vigor\sly4 ,su* rugs usually %[ a slight t+e ( p9k 9 ! :ite4 ,!re is a class ( mod]n rugs ( good quality1 good mat]ial1 & vegetable dy$1 b ) colors too bright = ,occid5tal ta/e4 ,su* rugs are sometimes treat$ ) wat]1 acid1 & alkali4 ,! effect ( ! acid is "h neutraliz$ by ! alkali 9 su* a way t ! colors are r5d]$ m subdu$ & mell[ 9 tone )\t result+ injury to ! mat]ial4 ,:at ! trade speaks ( z a wa%$ rug is n necess>ily a doctor$ "o4 ,!re is a legitimate =m ( wa%+ :i* is really a f9i%+ process & :i* does n injure ! fabric4 ,x m]ely wa%es out ! surplus color & sets ! re/4 ,! belief t only anil9e dyes w rub (f :5 wet & t vegetable ones w n d s is errone\s4 ,if a rug is new & nev] has be5 wa%$ ! case is q ! opposite4 ,= ! read]'s own satisfaction1 let him moi/5 & rub a piece ( dome/ic c>pet4 ,he w f9d t ! anil9e ( ! latt] fabric is comp>atively fa/1 :]eas1 9 a newly made vegetable dy$ ,ori5tal1 c]ta9 colors1 especially ! blues1 r$s & gre5s1 w wipe (f to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,aft] ?is fir/ wa%+ out1 h[ev]1 no?+ o!r ?an a *emical w di/urb ! vegetable color4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s>uk ,,rug ,size #ad' #aj' ,,loan$ ,,by ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,co4 ,,own]',s ,,description ,! field3 ,?ree fawn & blue fl[] color$ m$allions & f\r arabesques 9 a l9e arrangem5t on a rose-color$ backgr\nd1 /rewn ) g>l&s4 ,! bord]3 ,"o broad /ripe1 c>ry+ elaborate floral sprays & arabesques1 sep>at$ by f\r elongat$ corn] designs 9 blue4 ,an elegant comb9ation ( brilliant color & ornate floral design4 ,cotton f\ndation & wool pile4 7,see page #bjj7 ,,advice ,,to ,,buy]s ,no set ( rules c be furni%$ :i* w fully protect pur*as]s aga9/ deception4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 = "o1 be=e pur*as+1 to acquire "s k ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! mo/ common v>ieties z well z ( ! diff]5t means employ$ 9 exam9+ !m4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 avoid deal]s :o fail to m>k _! goods 9 pla9 figures4 ,be on ! safe side & g to a reliable h\se ) an e/abli%$ reputation4 ,!y w n ask y fancy prices4 ,if x is 9 a dep>tm5t /ore be sure y deal ) "s "o :o is regul>ly connect$ ) ! ,ori5tal rug dep>tm5t4 ,y w\ld nev] dream ( buy+ a piano ( "o :o kn[s no?+ ( music4 ,s _m dome/ic rugs copy ,ori5tal patt]ns t _m un9=m$ p _c tell ! diff]5ce4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,ea/]n fabrics :i* are n possess$ by ! ,we/]n ones4 ,fir/1 !y %[ _! :ole patt]n & color 9 detail on ! back side2 second1 ! pile is compos$ ( r[s ( di/9ctly ti$ knots1 :i* are made pla9ly visible by sep>at+ x2 ?ird1 ! sides are ei!r ov]ca/ ) color$ wool or h a n>r[ selvage2 & f\r?1 ! ends h ei!r a selvage or fr+e or bo?4 ,9 buy+1 fir/ select :at pleases y 9 size1 color1 & design1 !n take "t & g ov] x z ?or\ghly z a horseman w\ld ov] a horse :i* he contemplates buy+4 ,lift x to te/ ! weight4 ,ori5tal rugs are mu* heavi] 9 proportion to _! size ?an are ! dome/ics4 ,see if x lies /raight & flat on ! floor & has no folds4 ,crook$ness detracts mu* f its value4 ,take hold ( ! c5tre & pull x up into a sort ( cone %ape4 ,if compactly wov5 x w /& alone j z a piece ( good silk w4 ,exam9e ! pile & see :e!r x is long1 %ort or worn 9 places d[n to ! w>p ?reads2 :e!r x lies d[n z 9 loosely wov5 rugs or /&s up ne>ly /raight z 9 closely wov5 rugs2 also note ! numb] ( knots to ! squ>e in* & :e!r or n !y are firmly ti$4 ,! we>+ qualities dep5d ^u ! l5g? ( ! pile & ! compactness ( weav+4 ,sep>ate ! pile1 not+ :e!r ! wool is ( ! same color b ( a deep] %ade ne> ! knot ?an x is on ! surface or if x is ( an entirely diff]5t color4 ,vegetable dyes usually fade to light] %ades ( ! orig9al color1 :ile anil9es fade to diff]5t colors1 "o or ano!r ( ! dyes us$ 9 comb9ation entirely disappe>+ at times & o!rs rema9+4 ,?is w also be noticeable1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 :5 "o end ( ! fabric is turn$ ov] & ! two sides are comp>$4 ,two rugs may be almo/ exactly alike 9 e respect except+ ! dye1 ! "o be+ wor? t5 to fifte5 times z mu* z ! o!r4 ,a good way to te/ ! mat]ial is to slightly burn its surface ) a mat*1 ?us produc+ a black spot4 ,if ! wool is good ! s+$ "p c be bru%$ (f )\t leav+ ! slighte/ trace ( ! burn4 ,! smell ( ! burnt wool w also easily be recogniz$4 ,asc]ta9 ! relative /r5g? ( ! mat]ial1 mak+ sure t ! w>p is ! heavie/ & /ronge/1 ! pile next & ! wo( ! lighte/4 ,if ! w>p is light] ?an ! pile x w break easily or if ! w>p is light & ! weav+ loose x w puck]4 ,rugs ^: f\ndation ?reads are dry & rott5 f age are wor?less4 ,9 su* pieces ! wo( ?reads1 :i* are ! lighte/1 w break 9 seams along ! l9e ( ! w>p :5 slightly twi/$4 ,exam9e ! selvage4 ,x w (t5 indicate ! me?od ( its manufacture1 %[+ :e!r x is closely or loosely wov51 = ! selvage is a cont9uation ( ! gr\ndwork ( ! rug itself4 ,also notice ! mat]ial1 :e!r ( hair1 wool or cotton4 ,sep>ate ! pile & exam9e ! wo(1 not+ ! numb] ( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,if possible pull "o ( !m out4 ,9 ! *eap] grade ( rugs y w (t5 f9d two /r&s ( cotton & "o ( wool twi/$ toge!r4 ,su* rugs are v likely "s "t to bun* up1 especially if wa%$4 ,see if ! selvage or w>p ?reads on ! sides are brok5 9 places4 ,if s x w\ld be an unwise *oice4 ,n[ turn ! rug ov] & view x f ! back1 not+ :e!r repairs h be5 made &1 if s1 to :at ext5t4 ,view x f ! back ) ! light %9+ into ! pile to see if !re are any mo?s4 ,pat x & knock out ! du/4 ,9 "s in/ances y w be surpris$ h[ ?or\ghly impregnat$ x w be ) ! du/ ( _m l&s & h[ mu* m attractive ! colors are aft] su* a patt+4 ,rub y\r h& ov] ! surface ) ! nap4 ,if ! wool is ( a f9e quality a feel+ ( electric smoo?ness w result1 su* z is exp]i5c$ :5 /rok+ ! back ( a cat 9 cold wea!r4 ,f9ally1 be=e com+ to a decision reg>d+ its pur*ase1 h x s5t to y\r home = a few days4 ,!re y c /udy x m leisurely & may get an idea z to :e!r or n y w\ld soon tire ( ! designs or colors4 ,:ile y h x !re d n =get to take soap1 wat] & a /iff bru% & scrub well "s portion ( x1 select+ a "p :]e "s bright color su* z gre51 blue or r$ jo9s a :ite4 ,aft] ! rug has ?or\ghly dri$ notice :e!r or n ! :ite has tak5 any ( ! o!r colors4 ,if s1 !y are anil9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b]gama ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #c'h #b'g ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,,george ,,baus* 7,see page #bcg7 ,a r vulg> b v good way ( tell+ :e!r a rug is doctor$ or n is to wet x ) saliva & rub x 9 well4 ,if *emically treat$ x w h a peculi>1 disagreeable1 pung5t odor4 ,a fairly accurate way ( det]m9+ ! claim ( ! fabric to great age is to draw out a wo( ?read & notice h[ difficult x is to /raight5 x1 ev5 aft] days ( soak+ 9 wat]4 ,unless "o is an exp]t1 he %\ld refra9 f rely+ ^u 8 own judgm5t 9 buy+ a rug = an antique4 ,x may be int]e/+ to "k ! mean+ ( ! tags & seals s frequ5tly f\nd on rugs4 ,! little squ>e or ne>ly squ>e clo? tag t is s frequ5tly atta*$ at "o corn] to ! "u surface by two wire clasps has on x ! numb] giv5 to t p>ticul> piece = ! conv5i5ce ( ! wa%]1 ! export]1 ! import] & ! cu/om (ficials4 ,! rug is record$ by its numb] in/ead ( by its "n to avoid confusion & to save labor4 ,! r\nd lead seal :i* is frequ5tly atta*$ to "o corn] ( ! rug by a flexible wire or a /r+1 especially among ! l>g] pieces1 is ! import]'s seal1 on "o side ( :i* w be f\nd 8 initials4 ,^! also are ( great assi/ance to ! cu/om (ficials4 ,be=e clos+ ?is *apt] a few words 9 reg>d to ! selection ( rugs = c]ta9 rooms might be acceptable1 ?\gh ?is is1 to a l>ge ext5t1 a matt] ( individual ta/e2 yet 9 mak+ a selection "o %\ld h "s consid]ation = ! decorations & furniture ( ! room 9 :i* ! rugs are to be laid & !y %\ld h>monize ) ! side walls1 :e!r ! h>mony be "o ( analogy or ( contra/4 ,! floor ( a room is ! base ^u :i* ! s*eme ( decoration is to be built4 ,its cov]+ %\ld c>ry ! /ronge/ tones4 ,if a s+le t9t is to be us$ ! walls mu/ take ! next gradation & ! ceil+ ! la/4 ,^! gradations mu/ be f> en\gh remov$ f ea* o!r 9 dep? ( tone to be q app>5t b n to lose _! relation4 ,contra/+ colors d n always h>monize4 ,a safe rule to foll[ w\ld be to select a color ) any ( its complem5t>y colors4 ,= in/ance1 ! prim>y colors are r$1 blue1 & yell[4 ,! complem5t>y color ( r$ w\ld be ! color =m$ by ! comb9ation ( ! o!r two1 :i* 9 ?is case w\ld be gre5 compos$ ( yell[ & blue2 !re=e r$ & gre5 w\ld =m a h>mony ( contra/4 ,likewise r$ & blue make violet1 :i* w\ld h>monize ) yell[2 r$ & yell[ make orange1 :i* w\ld h>monize ) blue1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,symbolic ,,p]sian ,,silk 7,,tabriz7 ,,rug 7,see page #caf7 ,light rooms ( ,l\is ,,xvi /yle w\ld h>dly look z well ) bright1 ri* color$ rugs z !y w\ld ) delicately t9t$ ,kirmans1 ,s>uks1 & ,s5nas4 ,nor w\ld ! latt] /yles look z well 9 a ,dut* d9+ room1 f9i%$ 9 black oak1 z w\ld ! ri*1 d>k ,bokh>as & ,f]aghans4 ,mission rooms also require ! d>k color$ rugs4 ,if ! room is pleas+ 9 its proportion & "o rug is us$ x %\ld con=m z ne>ly 9 proportion z possible4 ,if ! room is too long = its wid? select a rug :i* w m ne>ly cov] ! floor 9 wid? ?an x w 9 l5g?4 ,a rug us$ 9 ! c5tre ( a room ) consid]able floor area ar\nd x decreases ! app>5t size ( ! room4 ,long rugs plac$ l5g?wise ( a room increase its app>5t l5g?1 :ile %ort rugs plac$ across a room decrease its app>5t l5g?1 & rugs ) l>ge patt]ns1 l wall pap] ) l>ge patt]ns1 w dw>f ! :ole ap>tm5t4 ,! foll[+ ideas are m]ely (f]$ z sugge/ions )\t any pret5sion :atev] to sup]iority ( judgm5t4 ,= a ,,ve/ibule a long-nap$ mat1 :i* corresponds 9 %ape to ! ve/ibule & cov]s fully "o-half ( its surface1 su* = in/ance z a ,belu*i/an or a ,mosul4 ,appropriate %ort] nap$ pieces may be f\nd among ! ,anatolians1 ,meles1 ,ladiks or ,yuruks4 ,z a rule ! d>k color$ ones are pref]able4 ,,hall4--,if ! hall is a long1 n>r[ "o1 use long runn]s :i* cov] fully two-?irds ( its surface4 ,su* may be f\nd among ! ,mosuls1 ,s>ab&s1 ,hamadans1 ,ispahans1 ,%irvans1 & ,g5ghis4 ,= a reception hall a ,khiva ,bokh>a1 a ,yomud1 a d>k color$ ,mahal1 or sev]al ,kazaks or ,k>abaghs w\ld look well if ! woodwork is d>k4 ,if ! woodwork is light sev]al light color$ ,caucasian or ,p]sian pieces su* z ! ,daghe/ans1 ,kabi/ans1 ,s>ab&s1 ,hamadans1 or ,%iraz w\ld be appropriate4 ,,reception ,,room4--,a light color$ ,k]man%ah1 ,tabriz1 ,s>uk1 ,s5na1 or ,khorasan4 ,usually "o l>ge piece :i* cov]s f two-?irds to ?ree-f\r?s ( ! floor surface is ! mo/ desirable4 ,,liv+ ,,room4--,= ?is room1 :i* is ! mo/ us$ ( any 9 ! home1 we %\ld h ! mo/ durable rugs & z a rule a numb] ( small or m$ium siz$ pieces1 :i* c be easily %ift$ f "o position to ano!r1 are pref]able4 ,"h1 too1 respect mu/ be _h = h>mony ) ! side walls1 woodwork & furniture1 z x is "h t ! family sp5d mo/ ( _! "t & decorative discord w\ld h>dly add to "o's p]sonal enjoym5t4 ,_m appropriate selections may be made f ! ,f]aghans1 ,ispahans1 ,s>ab&s1 ,%iraz1 ,mosuls1 ,daghe/ans1 ,kabi/ans1 & ,belu*i/ans4 ,,d9+ ,,room4--,ord9>ily no?+ w\ld be m appropriate ?an "o ( ! ,h]ez or ,sultanabad productions unless ! room be "o ( ! ,mission /yle1 9 :i* case a ,khiva ,bokh>a w\ld be mo/ desirable4 ,small pieces w\ld n be suitable4 ,,libr>y ,,or ,,d54--,"o l>ge or sev]al small pieces1 usually ! d>k ri* %ades are pref]able1 su* = in/ance z are f\nd 9 ! ,khivas1 ,yomuds1 ,kurdi/ans1 ,f]aghans1 ,%iraz1 ,kazaks1 ,belu*i/ans or ,tekke ,bokh>as1 ! pr$om9at+ color select$ accord+ to ! decorations ( ! room4 ,,ba? ,,room4--,"o heavy long-pil$1 s(t piece su* z are "s ( ! ,bij>s or ,mosuls 9 light colors4 ,,b$rooms4--,= *amb]s :]e colors r ?an p]iod /yles are dom9ant & :]e l>ge rugs are nev] appropriate1 pray] rugs l ^? ( ! ,kulah1 ,ghiordes1 ,ladik1 ,anatolian1 or ,daghe/an v>ieties are to be desir$4 ,^? ) yell[ z ! pr$om9at+ color bl5d especially well ) mahogany furniture if ! walls are 9 buff or yell[ tones4 ,! ,nomad products are especially desirable = b$rooms on acc\nt ( ! com=t :i* !y af=d4 ,be+ ?ick & s(t ! s5sation to ! tread is luxuri\s4 ,an occasional ,anatolian1 ,ladik1 ,b]gama1 ,meles1 or ,bokh>a mat plac$ be=e a dress] or a wa%-/&2 a ,%iraz pill[ on ! s(a2 a ,s5na ,ghileem ?r[n ov] a divan2 a ,%iraz1 ,mosul1 or ,belu*i/an saddle-bag on a ,mission /&>d z a receptacle = magaz9es2 a silk rug z a table spread1 etc41 w all add greatly to ! ,ori5tal effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%iraz ,,rug ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,nahigian ,,bros41 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,?is piece is typical ( its class ) ! small tassels ( wool on ! side edg+2 ) ! ornam5tal web & ! braid$ w>p ?reads at ea* end1 also ! pole m$allion & ! num]\s bird =ms ?r\gh\t ! field4 7,see page #bjd7 ,,! ,,hygi5e ,,( ,,! ,,rug ,9 all ! lit]ature on ,ori5tal ,rugs no m5tion has be5 made ( _! sanit>y condition :5 laid on ! floors ( our homes4 ,9 response to a lett] ( inquiry1 "o ( our ,am]ican mission>ies1 a "y lady /ation$ at ,sivas1 ,turkey 9 ,asia1 :o v mode/ly objects to ! use ( h] "n1 s well expla9$ ! condition ( affairs t portions ( h] lett] giv5 v]batim w prove mo/ int]e/+4 ,%e says3 ,9 ,sivas !re are a numb] ( rug factories 9 :i* are employ$ _m ?\s& little girls1 ages rang+ f f\r ye>s upw>d4 ,!y "w f twelve to f\rte5 h\rs a day & ,i believe ! l>ge/ am\nt receiv$ by !m is five pia/]s 7less ?an tw5ty c5ts7 & ! small girls receive t5 to tw5ty p>as 7a c5t or two74 ,^! factories are hotb$s ( tub]culosis & we h _m ( ^! cases 9 our ,mission ,hospital4 ,( c\rse ?is am\nt ( money sc>cely keeps !m 9 bread & 9 ?is und]f$ condition1 work+ s long 9 ill v5tilat$ rooms1 !y quickly succumb to ?is disease4 ,^! girls are all ,arm5ians 9 t region4 ,! ,turks d n all[ _! wom5 & *ildr5 to "w 9 public places4 ,! ,arm5ians are go+ to reap a sad h>ve/ 9 ! future 9 ?us all[+ ! future wives & mo!rs ( _! race to und]m9e _! heal? work+ 9 ^! factories4 ,^! rugs are all export$ to ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,no matt] :at "p ( ! city y pass ?r\gh ?is "t ( ! ye> y w see looms up 9 ! diff]5t homes & mo/ ( ! family1 especially ! wom5 & *ildr51 work+ on ^! rugs1 & x is v int]e/+ to wat* !m & to see h[ skilful ev5 ! small *ildr5 gr[ 9 weav+ ^! intricate patt]ns4 ,mak+ rugs 9 ! homes is q diff]5t f mak+ !m 9 ! factories1 = 9 ! summ] at lea/ !y h pl5ty ( fre% air4 ,no d\bt _m rugs made 9 ^! homes are fill$ ) g]ms ( contagi\s diseases1 = !y use no precautions "h :5 !y h su* diseases 9 ! family1 & usually ! poor p only h "o room1 & if a memb] ( ! family is /rick5 ) smallpox or sc>let fev] ! re/ ( ! family cont9ue to "w on ! rug (t5 9 ! same room4 ,ano!r correspond5t f ,m>a%1 ,turkey 9 ,asia1 says1 ,if y are int]e/$ 9 humanity z well z 9 rugs1 please put 9 a /rong plea aga9/ "s ( ^! factories :i* are employ+ *ildr5 :o c sc>cely speak4 ,^! little babies sit f morn+ till ev5+ ty+ & cutt+ knots 9 damp & poorly v5tilat$ places4 ,is x a wond] t diseases1 especially tub]culosis1 are develop+ rapidly among !m8 ,a ?ird correspond5t says1 ,(t5 rugs ^u :i* pati5ts h di$ f contagi\s diseases are sold )\t clean+4 ,9 fact1 !y are r>ely clean$4 ,^u receipt ( ! above a lett] ( inquiry 0 at once s5t to ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t at ,wa%+ton reg>d+ ! dis9fection ( textiles f ! ,ori5t imm$iately ^u _! arrival into ?is c\ntry1 to :i* we 7 in=m$ t ,! ,surgeon-,g5]al ( ! ,public ,heal? & ,m>9e ,hospital ,s]vice /at$ t su* rugs1 if orig9at+ 9 p>ts or places infect$ ) qu>ant9able diseases1 w\ld be requir$ to be dis9fect$ "u ! qu>ant9e laws4 ,?is s\nds s5sible1 b :5 ! rugs are s5t f all p>ts ( ! ,ori5t to ,con/ant9ople1 f :5ce !y are %ipp$ 9 bales to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 pray h[ c ! ,surgeon-,g5]al discrim9ate8 ,! only safe way is = ! gov]nm5t to h /rict laws reg>d+ _! imm$iate & ?or\gh dis9fection4 ,we already h a law :i* requires ! dis9fection ( hides be=e !y are %ipp$ to ?is c\ntry4 ,x reads3 ,(fic]s ( ! cu/oms are direct$ to treat hides ( neat cattle %ipp$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates )\t prop] dis9fection z prohibit$ importations1 & to refuse entry ( su* hides4 ,also1 ! dis9fection ( su* hides 9 ?is c\ntry or /orage ( ! same 9 g5]al ord] w>eh\ses w n be p]mitt$1 = ! reason t ! passage ( diseas$ hides ?r\gh ! c\ntry or _! /orage ) o!r goods w t5d to ! dissem9ation ( cattle disease 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,see ,section #ab ( ! ,t>iff ,act ( ,augu/ #e1 #aiji47 ,ex-,presid5t ,taft once recomm5d$ a new dep>tm5t ( public heal? ^: duty x w\ld be to consid] all matt]s relat+ to ! heal? ( ! nation4 ,if 8 sugge/ions are c>ri$ out no d\bt ! "q ( dis9fect+ ,ori5tal imports w be satisfactorily dispos$ (4 ,until !n we %\ld see to x t all ,ori5tal rugs are at lea/ clean & free f du/ be=e all[+ !m to be deliv]$ 9 our homes4 ,! great majority ( ^! rugs1 :5 leav+ ! ,ori5t1 are impregnat$ ) du/ f _! adobe floors &1 if free ( ?is du/1 !y h 9 all probability be5 pretty ?or\ghly clean$ by "s reliable import] or deal]1 ! majority ( :om are beg9n+ to realize ! importance ( ?is proc$ure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antique ,,anatolian ,,mat ,size #c'e #a'aj ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,knot4 ,n9e to ! in* v]tically & eight horizontally1 mak+ sev5ty-two to ! squ>e in*4 ,?is is a mo/ unusual piece4 ,x has a long nap1 is ti$ ) ! ,turki% knot & 9 _m respects resembles ! ,b]gama :ile on ! back x has a di/9ctly ,khorasan appe>ance4 ,x is an old piece ) a mo/ lu/r\s %e5 & ! colors are ( ! be/1 e "o be+ ( exactly ! same t9t on ! surface z x is d[n next to ! w>p ?reads4 ,! prevail+ color is a ri* t]ra cotta ) figures ( lilies 9 olive-gre51 old rose1 blue & :ite4 ,!re are also a numb] ( six-petal$ fl[]s 9 r$1 :ite & blue4 ,9 ! c5tre !re is a diamond-%ap$ m$allion ) triangul> corn] pieces to mat*1 all ( :i* are outl9$ 9 natural black wool4 ,! nap is s cut z to give ! surface ! *>act]i/ic hamm]$-brass appe>ance s common 9 _m ( ! antique ,b]gamas & ! lu/re is su* z is only f\nd 9 ! v old pieces4 7,see page #bcd7 ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,rugs ,!re is a popul> idea t an ,ori5tal rug w nev] we> out & t ! h>d] x is us$ ! m silky x w gr[4 ,?is is an errone\s idea & _m rugs t w\ld be almo/ priceless n[ are beyond repair1 hav+ fall5 into ! h&s ( p :o did n appreciate !m & give !m ! prop] c>e4 ,ori5tal rugs _c be h&l$ & beat5 l ! dome/ics )\t s]i\s injury4 ,9 ! ,ori5t !y receive mu* bett] treatm5t ?an !y d at our h&s4 ,!re !y are nev] expos$ to ! gl>e ( a /rong light & are nev] subject$ to ! contact ( any?+ r\gh] ?an ! b>e feet4 ,! peculi> silk9ess ( ! nap s mu* admir$ 9 old pieces is due to ! fact t ! ,ori5tal nev] treads on !m ) 8 %oes4 ,l>ge rugs1 hav+ a long] pile1 resi/ m ! we> & te> f ! %oes1 b !y mu/ be h&l$ ) great] c>e ?an ! small ones1 z1 be+ heavi]1 ! w>p or wo( ?reads are m liable to break4 ,z a rule rugs %\ld be clean$ e week or two4 ,nev] %ake !m or hang !m on a l9e1 z ! f\ndation ?reads may break1 lett+ ! knots slip & spread ap>t4 ,!re are m rugs worn out 9 ?is way ?an by actual s]vice4 ,lay !m face d[nw>d on ! grass or on a clean floor & g5tly beat !m ) some?+ pliable l a piece ( rubb] hose cut 9 /rips4 ,) a clean broom sweep ! back1 !n turn+ !m ov]1 sweep across ! nap ea* way1 !n ) ! nap4 ,bru%+ aga9/ ! nap is mo/ h>mful1 z x may loos5 ! knots & =ce ! du/ & dirt into ! texture4 ,f9ally damp5 ! broom or1 bett] /ill1 damp5 a clean :ite clo? 9 wat] to :i* a little alcohol has be5 add$1 & wipe ov] ! entire rug 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! nap lies4 ,! sweep+ process keeps ! end ( ! pile clean & bright & gives x a silky1 lu/r\s appe>ance4 ,sometimes clean1 damp5$ sawdu/ c be us$ &1 9 ! w9t] "t1 no?+ is bett] ?an sn[1 :i* w clean & bright5 !m wond]fully4 ,_m rugs are improv$ by an occasional wa%+4 ,x is usually advisable to h "s reliable man1 :o und]/&s ?is "w1 to d x = y1 z x is q a task & few homes h a suitable place = x4 ,a good concrete floor w answ] nicely4 ,) a /iff bru%1 a cake ( ca/ile or wool soap & "s w>m wat] give ! pile a ?or\gh scrubb+ 9 e direction except+ aga9/ ! nap4 ,r9se ) w>m wat]1 !n ) cold1 turn+ ! hose ^u x = fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes4 ,s(t wat] is pref]able if x c be obta9$4 ,f9ally1 ) a smoo? /ick or a wood5 roll]1 squeeze ! wat] out by /rok+ x 9 ! direction ( ! nap4 ,?is /rok+ process %\ld be cont9u$ = "s "t1 aft] :i* ! rug is spread out on a ro( face upw>d = sev]al cle> days4 ,unless rugs are frequ5tly mov$ or clean$ mo?s are sure to get into !m4 ,sweep+ alone is n always suffici5t to keep !m out4 ,= ?is purpose ! compress$ air me?od is p> excell5ce4 ,if y expect to close y\r home = sev]al weeks or mon?s d n leave y\r rugs on ! floor4 ,aft] hav+ all necess>y repairs made1 h !m ?or\ghly clean$ by ! compress$ air process1 !n place !m 9 canvas or /rong pap] bags1 seal+ !m tightly4 ,a l>ge rug may be wrapp$ ) clean :ite pap]1 !n ) t> pap]4 ,x is bett] to roll ?an to fold !m1 b if fold$ always see t ! pile is on ! inside1 else bad creases may be made 9 !m :i* may nev] come out4 ,!y %\ld be /or$ 9 a dry1 airy room1 z !y readily absorb moi/ure4 ,:5 a rug %[s a t5d5cy to curl on ! corn]s only1 a v good idea is to weight x d[n ) tea lead :i* is fold$ 9 su* a way z to make a piece ab\t f\r in*es long1 "o in* wide & "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick4 ,?is is inclos$ 9 a clo? pocket :i* is sew$ to ! "u side ( ! rug at ! corn]s s t its l5g? lies 9 ! direction ( ! w>p4 ,_m rugs t are crook$ may easily be /raight5$ by tack+ !m face d[nw>d 9 ! prop] %ape & wett+ !m4 ,!y %\ld be kept 9 t position until ?or\ghly dri$ & %runk5 to ! prop] %ape4 ,ob/9ate & conspicu\s /a9s may be remov$ by clipp+ ! discolor$ pile d[n flat to ! w>p1 c>efully pull+ out ! knots f ! back ( ! rug & hav+ new ones ins]t$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ) all o!r ext5sive repairs1 %\ld be done by "o especially skill$ 9 t l9e4 ,consid]+ ! rapid increase 9 ! price ( good ,ori5tal rugs )9 ! pa/ few ye>s we %\ld appreciate & c>e = all ! f9e examples :i* we already h 9 our possession4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ghiordes ,,pray] ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,lib]ty ,,co41 ,,london1 ,,engl&4 ,! pray] ni*e1 ! cross panels & ! ma9 bord] /ripe are all *>act]i/ic ( its class4 7,see page #bch7 ,,! ,,mat]ial ,,( ,,rugs ,! mat]ials f :i* rugs are made1 nam$ 9 ord] ( ! ratio 9 :i* !y are us$1 are wool1 goats' hair1 camels' hair1 cotton1 silk1 & hemp4 ,,wool4--,! wool produc$ 9 ! cold] prov9ces is s(t] & bett] ?an t produc$ 9 ! w>m] prov9ces4 ,likewise t produc$ at a high altitude is sup]ior to t f a l[] altitude4 ,! quality ( ! pa/urage plays a mo/ important "p 9 ! quality ( ! wool4 ,= ?is reason no bett] wool is to be f\nd any:]e 9 ! _w ?an f ! prov9ces ( ,khorasan & ,kurdi/an4 ,v (t5 ! %eep are cov]$ ov] ) a %eet to protect & keep ! wool 9 a clean1 lu/r\s condition4 ,! quality ( ! wool also dep5ds to no small ext5t ^u ! age ( ! %eep f :i* x is tak51 t f ! "y lambs be+ s(t] & m pliable ?an t f ! old] animals4 ,! s(te/ & mo/ lu/r\s wool is t :i* is obta9$ by comb+ ! %eep 9 w9t] & is kn[n z kurk4 ,f ?is "s ( ! *oice/ pray] rugs are made4 ,,goats' ,,hair4--,f ! goats ( "s localities1 especially 9 ,asia ,m9or & ,turke/an1 is obta9$ a s(t d[n :i* is us$ to a l>ge ext5t 9 ! manufacture ( rugs4 ,! /raight hair ( ! goat is also us$4 ,x is ( a light br[n color &1 z x w n dye well1 is sometimes us$ )\t dye+ to produce br[n gr\nds1 z 9 "s ( ! ,kurdi/an products4 ,x is q commonly us$ z a selvage & fr+e 9 ! ,turkoman products4 ,:5 wet x curls s tightly t x is difficult to sp9 x1 !re=e x is n always wa%$4 ,?is acc\nts = ! /rong odor :i* is especially noticeable 9 w>m wea!r4 ,mohair is obta9$ f ! ,angora goat ( ,asia ,m9or1 :ile ca%m]e consi/s ( ! s(t "u-wool ( ! ,ca%m]e goat ( ,tibet4 ,,camels' ,,hair4--,9 ,ea/]n ,p]sia1 ,afghani/an1 & ,belu*i/an are camels :i* produce a long woolly hair suitable = rug weav+ :i* is nev] dy$1 is silky & s(t1 has ph5om5al durability & is us$ q freely 9 ! ,hamadan1 ,mosul1 & ,belu*i/an products4 ,x is m exp5sive ?an %eep's wool b has "o great drawback 9 t on ! muggy days ( summ] x has a disagreeable odor4 ,mo/ ( ! alleg$ camels' hair ( comm]ce is a goats' hair pure & simple4 ,,cotton4--,! majority ( ! f9] ,p]sian rugs h cotton w>p & wo(4 ,x makes a mu* light]1 bett] & m compact f\ndation on :i* to tie ! pile1 & a rug ) su* a f\ndation w hold its %ape mu* bett]4 ,seldom is cotton us$ = ! pile except+ once 9 a great :ile a ,bokh>a may be f\nd ) small portions ( ! :ite work$ 9 cotton4 ,,silk4--,9 ! regions bord]+ on ! ,caspian ,sea & 9 "s p>ts ( ,*9a :]e silk is pl5tiful x is us$ to q an ext5t 9 ! mak+ ( rugs1 n only = ! nap b frequ5tly = ! w>p & wo( z well4 ,x makes a beautiful fabric1 b ( c\rse w n we> l wool4 ,,hemp4--,hemp is seldom us$ 9 rug mak+ = ! reason t x rots quickly aft] be+ wet & ! entire fabric is soon gone4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,wool4--,aft] be+ sort$1 ! wool is tak5 to a brook & wa%$ ?or\ghly at int]vals 9 ! cold runn+ wat] = sev]al times until all =eign matt]s are remov$1 leav+ ! animal fat :i* gives x ! s(t1 silky appe>ance4 ,! results ( wa%+ dep5d to a c]ta9 ext5t ^u ! quality ( ! wat] us$ 9 ! process1 s(t wat] giv+ mu* bett] results ?an does ! h>d4 ,aft] a ?or\gh blea*+ 9 ! sun's rays x is plac$ 9 a /one vessel1 cov]$ ) a mixture ( fl\r & />*1 !n p\nd$ ) wood5 mallets1 aft] :i* x is aga9 wa%$ 9 runn+ wat] = sev]al h\rs & aga9 dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,"u ?is process x %r9ks 9 weight f =ty to fifty p] c5t41 & aft] be+ spun ! y>n is sold ev]y:]e = ! same price z twice ! am\nt ( ! raw mat]ial4 ,x is spun 9 ?ree diff]5t ways4 ,t :i* is int5d$ = ! w>p is spun tightly & ( m$ium ?ickness1 t = ! wo( r f9e1 & t = ! pile heavy & loose4 ,!re are s _m diff]5t natural %ades ( wool t mu* ( x c be utiliz$ 9 its natural color4 ,! dye+ is always done 9 ! y>n1 nev] 9 ! loose fibres1 & w be expla9$ 9 ! *apt] "u ,dyes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sp9n+ ,,! ,,wool ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,pu%man ,,bros41 ,,*icago ,illu/ration3 ,,ladik ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #g'b #d' ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,nahigian ,,bros41 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,,own]s' ,,description4--,^! r>e rugs1 s r5[n$ = _! spl5did color+1 are well repres5t$ by ?is specim54 ,! v unusual %ade ( gre51 ! sacr$ color1 ! deep ivory1 & ! ri* r$s & blues are bl5d$ into ea* o!r 9 an arti/ic mann]4 ,9 & above ! ,mihrab or ni*e w be not$ ! ,ubre* or pit*]1 a mo/ int]e/+ design4 ,x is f ?is ,ubre* t wat] is p\r$ ^u ! h&s ( ! ,mohamm$an z he makes 8 ablutions4 ,wa% bas9s are unkn[n 9 ! ,ori5t & no foll[] ( ,mohamm$ w cons5t to wa% 9 any?+ except runn+ wat]4 ,s ! ,ubre* is almo/ z important z ! pray] rug itself1 & ! f\r reproductions on ?is rug emphasize to ! dev\t ,mohamm$an own] t cleanl9ess is next important to ,godl9ess4 ,rhodian lilies1 ) long /ems & inv]t$ 9 ! frieze bel[ ! ,mihrab or ni*e1 are an (t5 not$ feature ( ! ,ladik pray] rugs4 7,see page #bbh7 ,,dyes ,,& ,,dy]s ,! secrets ( ! ,ea/]n dye-pot are responsible = ! unrivall$ beauty & durability ( ! ,ori5tal rug4 ,^! secrets ( extract+ color+ matt] f roots1 leaves1 fl[]s1 b>ks1 & v>i\s o!r vegetable & animal products by a process ( boil+1 f]m5t+1 etc41 7 gu>d$ religi\sly & desc5d$ f fa!r to son1 _m ( !m hav+ be5 lo/ z ! family became ext9ct4 ,ea* dy] or family ( dy]s has "s peculi> & secret me?od ( produc+ c]ta9 %ades4 ,our great k ( *emi/ry has aid$ u little 9 our ef=t to duplicate & produce c]ta9 colors :i* ! ,ori5tals produc$ ) ! simple/ +r$i5ts & )\t any k ( *emi/ry :atev]4 ,e k9d ( plant f :i* dye/uff is obta9$ is a product ( geographic environm5t1 ! quality ( :i* dep5ds ^u c]ta9 conditions ( climate & soil4 ,= ?is reason ^? ( "o locality may be sup]ior to ^? ( ano!r4 ,on ! o!r h& x mu/ n be =gott5 t !re are _m classes ( vegetable dyes :i* are n sci5tifically or hone/ly made4 ,aft] ! wool has gone ?r\gh ! wa%+ process & dri$ x is dipp$ into "o or m pots1 accord+ to ! %ade desir$1 = a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t1 :51 )\t be+ wrung out1 x is hung up ov] ! dye-pot to drip & aft] be+ wa%$ once m 9 cold wat] x f9ally is spread out 9 ! sun4 ,ev5 :5 ! same process is foll[$ ea* "t x is seldom t two bun*es ( mat]ial dy$ h exactly ! same %ade1 z ! d5sity ( ! dye & its %ade diff]s some:at ) ea* dip ( wool f a previ\s pot4 ,?is probably acc\nts 9 "p = ! innum]able %ad+s se5 9 ! rugs ( c]ta9 localities4 ,=m]ly ! dy]s employ$ z mordants1 valonia1 pomegranate r9d1 sumac1 & ! b>ks ( c]ta9 trees1 b 9 "s di/ricts ( late !y use alum4 ,?is1 ) ! lime solution 9 :i* ! wool is wa%$ be=e dye+ to increase ! brilliancy ( ! dyes1 makes ! y>n brittle & less5s its we>+ quality4 ,mo/ vegetable dyes fade1 b !y fade into s(t] & m pleas+ %ades4 ,! be/ colors = s]vice are1 z a rule1 ! blues1 yell[s1 & r$s1 all ( :i* improve greatly ) age4 ,! br[ns are apt to lose _! lu/re1 :ile ! blacks1 :i* are really m9]al1 be+ made by ! action ( v9eg> on iron %av+s1 seem mo/ corrosive & gradually eat ! wool4 ,_m ( ! antiques y w f9d 9 a spl5did /ate ( pres]vation ) ! exception ( ! black1 :i* has eat5 ! pile d[n to ! w>p ?reads4 ,natural color$ black & br[n wools & br[n camels' hair are frequ5tly us$ & !y are1 ( c\rse1 durable4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! increas+ dem& 9 ?is c\ntry = ! ,ea/]n rug1 toge!r ) ! ,russian influ5ce 9 ! ,ori5t1 t5ds t[>ds m ha/y comm]cial me?ods ( manufacture & is1 to a great ext5t1 responsible = ! introduction !re ( anil9e dyes4 ,! coal t> products h be5 readily accept$ by ! ,ea/]n dy]s1 z !y are *eap]1 m easily us$1 & (f] a great] numb] ( brilliant %ades1 all ( :i* appeal v mu* to ! ,ori5tal ta/e4 ,! anil9e dyes are m commonly us$ ?r\gh ,asia ,m9or &1 to "s ext5t1 9 ! ,caucasus & ev5 9 ,p]sia4 ,9 #aijc a law 0 enact$ by ! ,p]sian gov]nm5t =bidd+ ! importation ( *emical dyes & seiz+ & de/roy+ all fabrics 9 :i* !y 7 us$4 ,x 0 also decre$ t a dy] f\nd guilty ( us+ !m w\ld h 8 "r h& cut (f4 ,! gov]nm5t has nev] be5 v /rict 9 en=c+ ?is law1 else !re w\ld be at ! pres5t "t _m "o-h&$ m5 9 ,p]sia4 ,z !re is no su* law 9 ,asia ,m9or1 fully sev5ty-five p] c5t4 ( ! rugs n[ import$ f t c\ntry are anil9e dy$4 ,! ,kurdi/an1 ,khorasan1 & ,kirman products1 z well z ^? made by ! ,nomads 9 ! ,f>s di/rict ( ,p]sia1 h be5 p>ticul>ly free f outside influ5ces & z a rule are hone/ly dy$4 ,! nomadic life ( ! ,kurds 9 =m] times enabl$ !m to ga!r plants m easily & s !y 7 able to obta9 good vegetable dyes4 ,n[ t !y d n roam z mu* ! result is1 less vegetable & m anil9e dyes4 ,=m]ly also1 ! be/ wool only 0 us$ by ! ,kurds = ! mak+ ( rugs & ! wom5 *ose only t :i* !y knew w\ld take ! colors well4 ,n[ ! m5 sell ! be/ "p ( ! wool & ! wom5 use :at is left & press anil9e dyes into s]vice to hide any possible defect4 ,"s ( ! coal t> products w resi/ light1 wat]1 & air ev5 bett] ?an _m ( ! vegetable pigm5ts1 b ! =m] h a t5d5cy to make ! wool fibres m brittle s t !y break easily1 :ile ! latt] pres]ve ! wool & l5g!n ! life ( ! fabric4 ,ea* nation uses to a l>ge ext5t its favorite color1 ?us ! ,p]sian is p>tial to ! d>k gre5s & yell[s1 ! ,turk to ! r$s1 & ! ,arm5ian to ! blues4 ,asia ,m9or & ,p]sia be+ c\ntries ( int5se sun%9e1 9 :i* ! colors ( ! sky & l& are mo/ pron\nc$1 ! neutral t9ts & hues make little impression on su* surr\nd+s & are !re=e little us$4 ,all ! rug mak+ p use m or less yell[1 blue1 orange1 r$1 ruby1 & gre51 except+ ! ,turk1 :o reg>ds ! latt] z a sacr$ color & n to be trodd5 on4 ,he !re=e seldom uses x 9 any b ^? ( ! pray] design4 ,an exp]t c (t5 di/+ui% betwe5 an anil9e dy$ rug & a vegetable dy$ "o m]ely by feel+ ( x1 z ! coal t> product robs ! wool ( its oil1 mak+ x /iff]1 h>d]1 & dry]4 ,ano!r way to diff]5tiate is to exam9e "s ( ! :ite :i* lies next to "s bright color l blue1 r$1 orange1 or gre5 & see if x has become t9t$ ) ! bright] color4 ,if n1 wet ! two & aft] !y dry see if ! :ite has tak5 any ( ! o!r color4 ,if s x is probably anil9e4 ,9 ! ,ori5t !y use a /r+ ( amb] beads ) :i* to te/ ! dyes4 ,! beads are drawn ov] ! surface ( ! rug s t ! colors reflect ?r\gh !m4 ,if anil9e !y are said to h a cl\dy appe>ance1 :ile if vegetable !y h a cle> wavy appe>ance4 ,if !re is any k imp>t$ by ?is te/ x c]ta9ly is only 9 ! h&s ( ! exp]i5c$4 ,a vegetable dye w fade into a light] tone ( itself1 :ile 9 a *emical dye "s "o ( ! colors us$ to make up ! composite color w disappe>4 ,= in/ance a blue1 :i* has be5 us$ ) yell[ to make gre51 may entirely disappe>1 leav+ ! yell[2 ?us 9 ! anil9e product ! surface w %[ ! *ang$ color & ! orig9al color w %[ d[n next to ! w>p1 :ile 9 ! vegetable dy$ product !re w simply be two %ades ( ! same color4 ,weav]s frequ5tly *oose colors accord+ to _! symbolic significance1 s t !y "w into _! rugs a sort ( poetry :i* only ! initiat$ c read4 ,?us to ! ,p]sian1 ! ,*9ese1 & ! ,indian ,mohamm$an1 :ite is an emblem ( m\rn+2 gre5 is reg>d$ by ! ,mohamm$an z a sacr$ color & d5otes immortality2 blue to ! ,p]sian means air1 :ile to ! ,mongolian x means au?ority & p[]2 black d5otes sorr[1 evil1 & vice2 r$ d5otes joy1 happ9ess1 life1 tru?1 virtue1 & s9c]ity2 yell[ is a ,*9ese color = royalty2 orange is ! ,buddhi/ & ,mohamm$an color = sorr[1 & rose = div9e wisdom4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( "s ( ! mo/ common ,ori5tal colors ) a %ort description ( ! s\rces f :i* !y are d]iv$3 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]sian ,,dye ,,pots ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,p]sian ,,village ,,r$4--,! be/ & mo/ la/+ is ! ri* c>m9e kn[n z ,k]mes & consi/s ( dri$ insects :i* live on a species ( oak tree4 ,^! insects are collect$ 9 ! mon? ( ,june & are kill$ by be+ expos$ to ! vapors ( acetic acid evolv$ by heat+ v9eg>4 ,k]mes 0 kn[n to h be5 us$ 9 ,syria 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 & is probably ! mo/ la/+ & mo/ pres]vative ( all dye/uffs4 ,( late ye>s1 h[ev]1 x has be5 to a l>ge ext5t supplem5t$ by co*9eal1 :i* is m brilliant4 ,madd] root1 gr\nd & boil$1 is ! basis ( a multitude ( r$s & is also not$ = its fa/ness4 ,f x c be obta9$ _m degrees ( r$ f p9k to int5se sc>let1 b ! %ade mo/ commonly us$ by ! ,p]sians ( to-day is obta9$ by comb9+ madd] ) alum & grape juice4 ,al?\gh co*9eal is us$ consid]ably by ,ea/]n dy]s1 x is really a mod]n dye1 be+ obta9$ f dri$ insects :i* are f\nd on ! cacti ( ,mexico4 ,x gives s(t1 beautiful r$s1 is absolutely fa/ & is v exp5sive4 ,) bi*romate ( pota% x gives purple2 ) sulphuric acid1 crimson & sc>let1 & ) madd]1 *]ry & v>i\s %ades ( p9k4 ,"o ( ! be/1 ri*e/ & mo/ la/+ v]milions 0 made by a secret process f %eep's blood1 b ! secret has long s9ce be5 lo/4 ,9 rec5t ye>s _m r$s h _h z a basis ! dye woods1 su* z ,campea*y wood1 ,brazil wood1 & o!rs4 ,!y are sometimes obta9$ f onion sk9s1 ivy b]ries1 beets1 & o!r plants1 b ^! latt] pigm5ts are n z endur+ z ^? previ\sly m5tion$4 ,,blue4--,indigo dissolv$ 9 sulphuric acid1 to :i* is add$ alum1 =ms a basis ( mo/ blues & 0 us$ long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,x is obta9$ f ! leaves ( v>i\s specim5s ( ,indig(]a :i* are cultivat$ l>gely 9 ,india4 ,! deep ,p]sian blue is obta9$ by apply+ indigo ov] madd]4 ,x c be comp\nd$ ) almo/ any o!r dye+ mat]ial kn[n & x is by ?is mix+ process t beautiful violets1 porcela9 blues & p9ks are obta9$4 ,a sup]b d>k blue f\nd 9 "s ( ! antique ,p]sian rugs has be5 9 disuse = ne>ly a half c5tury4 ,! secret ( mak+ x seems to h be5 lo/ & no "o has be5 able to reproduce x4 ,,gre54--,indigo 9 comb9ation ) "o ( ! yell[s furni%es mo/ ( ! gre5s4 ,) buck?orn x produces ,*9ese gre5s1 bo? bright & dull4 ,,br[n4--,br[ns are mo/ frequ5tly obta9$ by mix+ madd] ) yell[ or by dye+ ) madd] ov] yell[4 ,valonia1 cate*u1 gall-nuts1 & ! gre5 husks ( walnuts also ent] l>gely into ! mak+ ( br[ns4 ,,yell[4--,! pr9cipal yell[s are obta9$ f ! ,p]sian b]ries1 f turm]ic1 f saffron & sumac roots4 ,p]sian b]ries give a fa/ dull yell[4 ,turm]ic is f ! root ( a plant gr[+ abundantly 9 ,ea/ ,india & ,*9a & x gives a bright orange color4 ,orange yell[ is also obta9$ f h5na & by comb9+ madd] & turm]ic4 ,a light yell[ is obta9$ f l>kspur2 a gre5i% yell[ f a fungus ( ! mulb]ry1 &1 ( late ye>s1 a buff color$ yell[ has be5 obta9$ f qu]citron b>k4 ,,black4--,black seems to be ! only color :i* ! rug mak]s ( old] days 7 unable to produce f vegetable or animal s\rces4 ,! pr9cipal black us$ 0 t made f iron fil+s ) v9eg> & pomegranate r9d1 b x de/roy$ ! fibres ( ! wool4 ,= ?is reason v little black 0 us$ 9 ! antique pieces except+ :]e ! fleece ( black %eep c\ld be obta9$4 ,n[adays logwood1 :i* gr[s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 is ! ess5tial basis ( all blacks 9 wool1 al?\gh o!r colors are frequ5tly us$ ) x to modify or int5sify ! %ade4 ,,purple4--,f v e>ly times ! ,phnicians 7 r5[n$ = a purple :i* !y obta9$ f a %ellfi% f\nd 9 ! gean ,sea1 b ! secret ( mak+ x has long s9ce become a lo/ art4 ,a great _m %ades ( purple1 heliotrope & lav5d] are obta9$ f ! diff]5t r$ dyes 9 comb9ation ) indigo & ! dye woods z well z f ! bodies ( m>9e insects & mollusks4 ,,gray4--,gray is secur$ f ,smyrna gall-nuts ) copp]as4 ,,salmon4--,salmon is obta9$ by mix+ madd] ) valonia4 ,,violet4--,violet is frequ5tly made f milk1 s\r grape juice1 madd] & wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,daghe/an ,,rug ,size #h' #c'f ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,knot3 ,ghiordes4 ,sev5 to ! in* horizontally & eight v]tically1 mak+ fifty-six to ! squ>e in*4 ,?is rug illu/rates ! be/ ,caucasian _s 9 design & workman%ip4 ,x is glori\s 9 color & its comb9ation ( blues1 r$s1 yell[s & gre5s belong to an age :i* is bygone 9 ! textile art ( ,caucasia4 ,! ,georgian design 9 ! out] bord] is a ,caucasian *>act]i/ic & especially ( ! ,daghe/ans4 7,see page #bed7 ,,weav+ ,,& ,,weav]s ,! me?od ( weav+ 9 ! ,ori5t to-day is practically ! same z x 0 "o ?\s& ye>s ago ) ! exception1 p]haps1 t !re are n[ few] crook$ fabrics wov5 ?an 9 ! days gone by4 ,next to ! quality ( ! mat]ial f :i* x is made1 & ! dye ) :i* x is color$1 ! spl5did durability ( ! ,ori5tal rug is due to ! mann] 9 :i* ! pile is ti$ to ! w>p ?read4 ,x is s secure t x is impossible to remove x by pull+ ei!r end ( ! knot4 ,?is diff]s f ! dome/ic me?od 9 :i* ! pile is m]ely drawn betwe5 ! w>p ?reads )\t ty+ or fa/5+4 ,9 ! f9] fabrics ( ! ,ea/ ! knots are s close t x requires c>eful exam9ation to discov] !m except 9 v old rugs :]e ! pile is worn d[n1 !n ! knot is di/9ctly se54 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,p]sia ! be/ artisans are m5 b 9 mo/ o!r sections ! weav]s are mo/ly wom5 & *ildr54 ,! latt] beg9 work+ at ! loom z e>ly z f\r or five ye>s ( age & s]ve an appr5tice%ip ( two ye>s1 aft] :i* !y receive a few p5nies a day4 ,a skilful woman weav] w e>n f ?ree to six %ill+s a week & !y usually "w f sunrise to sunset1 week aft] week1 mon? aft] mon?1 ye> aft] ye>4 ,z a rule !y h no education1 c nei!r read nor write1 & h absolutely no?+ else to d b weave & gossip4 ,rug weav+ proves a sort ( an amusem5t & a s\rce ( income2 besides !y take a great int]e/ 9 ! "w & ! height ( _! ambition is to realize hope ( royal recognition = _! sup]ior workman%ip4 ,ea* rug is giv5 9 *>ge ( a ma/] weav] :o usually gets "o anna 7two c5ts7 = e elev5 hundr$ knots ti$4 ,he x is :o hires & pays ! weav]s & makes himself responsible = ! quality ( ! "w done4 ,! girls1 especially ^? ( ,asia ,m9or1 frequ5tly buy ) _! e>n+s p]=at$ gold co9s ) :i* to decorate !mselves by mak+ !m into necklaces or bracelets or by arrang+ !m on _! headge>4 ,^! co9s n only s]ve to make kn[n _! skill z weav]s1 b also answ] z d[ries = _! future husb&s4 ,a skilful weav] c tie f twelve to f\rte5 knots a m9ute or f sev5 to eight ?\s& knots a day4 ,?is w\ld be equal to f f\rte5 squ>e in*es to ?ree squ>e feet1 accord+ to ! f95ess ( ! rug4 ,= ?is %e receives1 on ! av]age1 n9e c5ts a day4 ,= a rug #aj #f ) #ahb knots to ! squ>e in*1 %e w\ld receive1 9 r\gh figures1 f #ah4jj to #bj4jj1 & ! rug w\ld sell 9 ,con/ant9ople = no less ?an #ge4jj4 ,if ! wom5 ( ! ,ori5t are ev] emancipat$ we w h to pay mu* high] prices = ,ea/]n c>pets ?an we d n[4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,turki% ,,loom ,! ,ea/]n loom1 :i* is ! same to-day z x 0 a ?\s& ye>s ago1 consi/s m]ely ( f\r poles jo9$ toge!r by ropes accord+ to ! size ( ! rug to be wov54 ,on ^! ! w>p ?reads are /rung & kept at ! prop] t5sion by weights1 :i* are atta*$ to "o ( ! cross poles4 ,f "o to six1 or ev5 m1 weav]s "w on a rug at ! same "t1 accord+ to its size4 ,!y sit cross-legg$ ei!r on ! floor or on a rais$ frame1 s t _! "w w be on a level ) _! knees4 ,be=e !m1 z se5 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration1 is fa/5$ ! model :i* !y are to foll[ or :at is kn[n z ! talim1 a *>t :i* indicates ! colors to be us$ & ! numb] ( knots to be ti$ 9 ea* color4 ,l exp]t piani/s _! f+]s seem to "k ! patt]n & mu* ( ! "t _! eyes are n ev5 ^u ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,%[+ ! left & "r ,s5na knots & ! ,ghiordes knot bo? be=e & aft] ! trimm+ ( ! pile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,y\?ful ,,weav]s ,9 _m cases ! head weav] s+s ^! symbols = ! b5efit ( ! o!r weav]s4 ,among ! ,nomads ! design is frequ5tly kept 9 ! bra91 or r\ghly drawn on pap] or 9 ! s&4 ,if !y h ano!r rug z a model !y get ! "r design by simply c\nt+ on ! back ! numb] ( knots ( e color 9 ea* r[4 ,beg9n+ at ! bottom & work+ t[>ds ! "r1 ! wool y>n1 :i* goes to =m ! pile1 is loop$ ar\nd ! w>p ?reads by ! aid ( blunt po9t$ ne$les & !n ti$ 9 su* a way t by ea* knott+ two ( ! w>p ?reads are b\nd4 ,:5 ! ,turki% knot is us$1 ^! two ?reads are b\nd side by side4 ,:5 ! ,p]sian knot is us$1 if ti$ tightly1 "o is b\nd 9 front ( ! o!r4 ,?is process is repeat$ along ! l9e ) ! prop] colors requir$ by ! patt]ns & aft] ea* r[ ( knots "o or m weft ?reads are pass$ ?r\gh betwe5 ! w>p ?reads & !n beat5 d[n ) a sort ( comb1 ! tee? ( :i* pass betwe5 ! w>p ?reads4 ,! pile is !n trimm$ (f ) ! scissors to ! desir$ l5g?4 ,! ,caucasians & ,kurds1 z a rule1 leave a long pile1 :ile ! ,turkomans & ,p]sians clip !irs q %ort4 ,close trimm+ br+s out m m9utely ! color v>iations4 ,! numb] ( knots to ! squ>e in* is det]m9$ by ! clos5ess ( ! w>p ?reads & ! numb] ( weft ?reads ?r[n across aft] ea* r[1 also by ! ?ickness ( ^! ?reads4 ,! tight] & clos] ! knots are ti$ ! m p]p5dicul> ! pile & m durable ! fabric4 ,9 co>se fabrics1 l ! ,kazak1 !re are usually f\r or five weft ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,9 su* fabrics ! r[s ( pile y>n ov]lap1 ?us giv+ x ample opportunity to untwi/ & become m lu/r\s4 ,?is is :y ! loosely wov51 long nap$ rugs h m %e5 ?an d ! tightly wov5 %ort nap$ ones4 ,unev5 trimm+ ( ! pile or unskill$ use ( ! comb w produce unev5ness 9 ! complet$ rug4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,wood5 ,comb4 ,! few] & ! light] ! weft ?reads are1 ! m flexible is ! rug4 ,! great dep? ( pile is also a good feature 9 c]ta9 rugs1 z ! heavi] ! fabric is ! bett] x w lie4 ,/rong] w>p ?reads are usually put on ea* side to /r5g!n & give bett] support to ! weft & sometimes bo? w>p & weft are dy$1 ei!r 9 toto or at ! ends only1 9 ord] to give a color$ webb+ to ! f9i%$ product4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,p]sian ,,loom ,z a rule ! nap ( all rugs :i* are ti$ ) ! ,ghiordes knot runs directly t[>ds "o end1 :ile ^? t are ti$ ) ! ,s5na knot h a nap :i* runs t[>ds "o corn]1 "r or left1 accord+ to :e!r ! "r or left ,s5na knot is employ$4 ,frequ5tly rugs are f\nd ) ei!r ! ,ghiordes or ! ,s5na knot :]e ! nap runs directly t[>ds "o side4 ,?is may be due to an untwi/+ ( ! pile y>n or to ! wa%+ process1 ! wa%] 9 su* cases hav+ scrap$ ! wat] out t[>ds ! side ( ! rug in/ead ( t[>ds ! end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kazak ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,,*>les ,,s*ub]t1 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,,plate ,,loan$ ,,by ,,! ,,simplicity ,,co41 ,,gr& ,,rapids1 ,,mi*4 ,! field consi/s ( a s]ies ( m$allions 9 d>k br[n & gre5 ^u a field ( old rose4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe is r =eign to ! rugs ( ?is class1 be+ m l ^? f\nd 9 ! ,b]gama products4 ,! next two important /ripes c>ry ! crab design :ile all ! f\r gu>d /ripes c>ry ! conv5tional saw tee?4 ,t ?is piece has "s age is q evid5t f ! condition ( its ends4 7,see page #bgb7 ,,designs ,,& ,,_! ,,symbolism ,! s\l ( ! ,ori5tal is 9 8 design1 :i* is inv>iably well compos$ ( skilfully conv5tionaliz$ figures & sup]bly ri*1 h>moni\s color+s ( :i* "o nev] tires1 :ile t ( ! ,european has a /iff set patt]n :i* soon fails to attract4 ,! transmission ( anci5t patt]ns has be5 go+ on f c5tury to c5tury1 ! old designs & color+s be+ copi$ by ! weav]s f "o g5]ation to ano!r & _m ( ^? us$ at ! pres5t "t are d\btless ! same t 7 us$ 9 ! "t ( ,abraham4 ,ea* di/rict1 tribe or family _h its *>act]i/ic patt]ns & color comb9ations :i* 7 reg>d$ z its individual inh]itance & 7 nev] copi$ by o!r di/ricts1 tribes or families4 ,s x is possible = ! exp]t to tell ! locality f :i* an antique rug came1 b ! s\rce ( ! mod]n "o is n q z accurately det]m9$ on acc\nt ( ! *anges 9 designs br\ght ab\t by ! influ5ce ( immigration1 travel & conque/4 ,a design may be borr[$ by a neighbor+ prov9ce & gradually und]go *anges accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! adopt+ p until its orig9al =m is completely lo/4 ,! patt]ns h also become limit$ 9 numb]1 s t to-day ! entire output ( ,p]sian fabrics comprises only ab\t ?irty orig9al designs1 b ( ^! ! v>ieties ( =m1 arrangem5t & comb9ation are v l>ge4 ,turkey & ,india h ev51 9 "s in/ances1 adopt$ ,european designs4 ,! ,nomad products are p]haps ! free/ ( all f outside influ5ces4 ,9 ! way ( *>act]ization we might /ate t ! ,p]sian designs are usually floral1 :ile ! ,turki% designs are = ! mo/ "p a mixture ( ! floral & ! geometrical1 ! =m] be+ mu* less natural ?an ^? ( ! ,p]sians4 ,caucasian & ,turkoman designs are ne>ly always geometrical4 ,occasionally !y are floral b ( a rectil9eal nature & nev] connect$ ) wavy l9es z 9 ! ,p]sian4 ,! ,kurdi% designs are m l ! ,p]sian1 :ile ! ,*9ese consi/ l>gely ( dragons1 mon/]s1 & animals ( all sorts4 ,x is curi\s to note h[ ! ,p]sians make _m patt]ns out ( "o design by employ+ v>i\s me?ods ( color+4 ,ev5 :5 ! same colors are us$ !re is always a great dissimil>ity betwe5 ! diff]5t makes ( ! same design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,symbolic ,,p]sian ,,silk ,,rug ,,loan$ ,,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,clafl9 ,,co4 7,see page #caf7 ,sir ,george ,birdwood says1 ,:atev] _! type ( ornam5tation may be1 a deep & complicat$ symbolism1 orig9at+ 9 ,babylon & possibly ,india1 p]vades e d5om9ation ( ,ori5tal c>pets4 ,! geometrical figures1 floral designs & ! figures ( animals & be+s all c>ry ) !m a my/ical1 poetical idea ( religi\s s5tim5t1 ! /udy ( :i*1 ?\gh difficult1 is v fasc9at+ to "o :o has ! ability to int]pret !m4 ,x seems p]fectly natural t ! ,ori5tal :o is s passionately devot$ to symbols %\ld pr(usely weave !m into 8 fabrics4 ,! ,turks1 be+ or?odox ,mohamm$ans1 nev] weave figures ( animals1 birds or human be+s into _! rugs1 z ! tea*+s ( ! ,koran =bid x le/ x %\ld lead to idolatry4 ,nei!r d !y1 z a rule1 make _! rugs symmetrical1 _! idea be+ to symbolize ! fact t only ,allah is p]fect4 ,! ,p]sians & ,*9ese1 h[ev]1 be+ m lib]al1 ex]cise great] fre$om 9 ^! respects1 & 9 "s ( _! old hunt+ rugs1 ( :i* b few rema91 are depict$ animals ( all k9ds4 ,x seems /range to u t ! weav]1 :o work$ day aft] day = mon?s & sometimes = ye>s on a s+le piece1 seldom sign$ or dat$ x4 ,i h seldom se5 ! "n ( ! weav]1 ( ! place ( manufacture1 or ! date1 on an antique rug4 ,_m ( ! mod]n comm]cial pieces are provid$ ) dates to make !m m attractive to ! buy]4 ,inscriptions1 on ! o!r h&1 are frequ5tly f\nd 9 rugs ( all ages & are mo/ frequ5tly on ! bord]s4 ,z a rule !y are pray]s or quotations f ! ,koran or poems f ! writ+s ( "s fam\s ,p]sian poet & ) b few exceptions are 9 ! ,arabic language4 ,! ability to read ^! inscriptions adds greatly to ! *>m & int]e/ ( _! possession4 ,! date1 :5 pres5t1 w usually be f\nd 9 "o corn] ( ! rug1 sometimes 9 ! bord] on "o side or end1 & %\ld be read f left to "r4 ,if ! spot is well worn & ! figures are indi/9ct turn ! rug ov] & read on ! back f "r to left4 ,! foll[+ are ! ,arabic figures1 ( :i* !re are num]\s modifications3 ,illu/ration3 ,arabic figures ,illu/ration3 ,,semi-,,p]sian ,,rug2 ,,design ,,furni%$ ,,by ,,european ,,manufactur]s ,,loan$ ,,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,clafl9 ,,co4 ,ev5 ! novice c tell at a glance t ?is is n purely an ,ori5tal product2 x s closely resembles ! ,dome/ic c>pet4 ,if we w b rememb] t ! ,mohamm$an reckon+ began on ,july #af1 #fbb1 ,a4,d41 :5 ,mohamm$ made 8 pilgrimage to ,mecca1 & t ! ,mohamm$an ye> consi/s ( ?irty-?ree days less ?an ours1 x w be easy to f9d ! ye> 9 our cal5d> correspond+ to a giv5 ye> 9 ! ,mohamm$an4 ,! rule is to subtract f ! ,mohamm$an ye> "o ?irty-?ird ( itself & add #fbb to ! rema9d]2 ?us1 #acca #cc #dj 7d no?+ ) ! fraction71 #acca-dj #abia #fbb #aiac4 ,! foll[+ is an alphabetically arrang$ li/ ( ! diff]5t designs ) descriptions & sugge/ive draw+s ( ! same4 ,= t "p ref]r+ to ! ,*9ese & ,indian my?ology ! au?or is greatly indebt$ to ,pr(4 ,du ,bois ,reymond ( ,%anghai1 ,*9a1 & to ,mr4 ,b4 ,a4 ,gupte1 ,f4 ,z4 ,s41 ( ,calcutta1 ,india1 respectively3 ,,alligator1 see ,kulah bord] design4 ,,almond1 see ,pe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,angul> hook4 ,,angul> ,,hook ,,or ,,lat* ,,hook4--,a modification ( ! ,swa/ika & c>ries ! same mean+4 ,x has be5 call$ ! trade-m>k ( ! ,caucasian rugs1 9 :i* x is almo/ inv>iably us$2 9 fact1 x is app>5t 9 ne>ly all ( ! ,we/]n ,asia designs4 ,) ! ,*9ese ! lat* hook /&s = privacy4 7,see color$ plate at p4 #fj1 also d\bletone at p4 #bfd47 ,,an!mion ,,or ,,hom consi/s ( an alt]nate bud & fir cone arrangem5t ) /rong lat]al m>k+s4 ,x is frequ5tly us$ z a fl[] on ! sacr$ tree4 ,,apple1 see ,silibik4 ,,ball ,,& ,,claw4--,simil> to t us$ on ! legs ( *airs & tables ( ! #ag? & #ah? c5turies4 ,,b>b]-,,pole ,,/ripe 7a bord] design74--,an alt]nate arrangem5t ( diagonal /ripes ( r$ & :ite or blue & :ite1 f\nd m or less 9 ! bord]s ( rugs f all p>ts ( ! ,ori5t1 especially ! ,caucasian products4 ,frequ5tly ! /ripes c>ry "s small decorative patt]n4 7,see color$ plate at p4 #aeh1 also d\bletones at pp4 #bjd & #bed47 ,illu/ration3 ,b>b]-pole /ripe ,,basket4--,"o ( ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/ ornam5ts4 ,,bat4--,a ,*9ese design :i* is symbolic ( happ9ess4 ,f\nd q commonly 9 ! ,*9ese fabrics4 ,five bats (t5 appe> 9 ! c5tre ( ,*9ese rugs & repres5t ri*es1 longevity1 heal?1 love ( virtue & peaceful end4 ,illu/ration3 ,bat ,,beads4--,! ros>y 0 anci5tly us$ to record "t1 & a circle1 be+ a l9e )\t t]m9ation1 0 ! natural emblem ( its p]petual cont9uity2 h5ce we f9d circles ( beads ^u ! heads ( deities & enclos+ ! sacr$ symbols ^u co9s & o!r ornam5ts4 ,beads are always c>ri$ by ! ,mohamm$ans to assi/ !m 9 _! pray]s4 ,! ,moslem ros>y consi/s ( n9ety-n9e beads1 ea* "o designat+ "o ( ! n9ety-n9e beautiful names ( ,allah4 ,,bee4--,9 ,*9a x is symbolic ( _m desc5dants4 ,9 ,india x has be5 adopt$ f ,briti% associations & repres5ts indu/ry1 b is n reg>d$ z an old symbol4 ,illu/ration3 ,beetle ,,beetle ,,or ,,sc>ab,,u4--,a ,*9ese symbol ( creation1 resurrection or new life4 ,9 ,india x is a symbol ( royalty4 ,w+s ( ! gold beetle are us$ 9 decorat+ peacock fea!r fans & mor*els or royal fly flaps4 ,z ! blue beetle x repres5ts "o t lives on honey & is portray$ ne> ! =m ( a "y lady ^: lotus-l face x is suppos$ to h mi/ak5 = t fl[]4 ,,bo>4--,9 ,india a bo> ) a ball on its "r tusk repres5ts ,vi%nu ! ,protector 9 8 ?ird inc>nation :5 he lift$ up & sav$ ! e>? f be+ engulf$ by ! great flood 7! deluge74 ,,b\quet1 see ,pe>4 ,,butt]fly4--,! ,*9ese symbol ( vanity4 ,9 ,india x 0 n us$ 9 ! old] decoration1 b 9 mod]n decoration x has ! associations ( a flirt1 ow+ to ,engli% environm5ts4 ,butt]fly =ms are frequ5tly f\nd 9 ,*9ese rugs int]m+l$ ) ^? ( bats4 ,illu/ration3 ,butt]fly ornam5t ,,b[ ,,knot4--,z "o ( ! emblems ( ,buddha x is us$ 9 ,*9ese & ,japanese ornam5t & is (t5 f\nd 9 ! bord] ( ,*9ese rugs4 ,sometimes x p>takes ( a floral "* 9 ! ,%iraz & ,kirman rugs & is v commonly f\nd 9 ! ,%emakha weav+1 :]e x is a talismanic design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%iraz ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #d'e #c' ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mrs4 ,,willis ,,hold51 ,,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 7,see page #bjf7 ,,canopy4--,a ,*9ese ,buddhi/ symbol4 ,,caucasian ,,bord] ,,design4--,s call$ by ! au?or because x is seldom f\nd 9 any b ! ,caucasian fabrics4 ,x is a sort ( an ,s-%ap$ arrangem5t ( ! lat* hook design4 7,see d\bletones at pp4 #bed & #bef47 ,illu/ration3 ,caucasian bord] design ,,*eck] ,,bo>d4--,an arrangem5t ( squ>es ( two or m diff]5t colors simil> to t ( a *eck] bo>d4 ,seldom f\nd 9 any rugs except+ ! ,b]gama & ,yomud4 ,,*i*i ,,bord] ,,design4--,usually consi/s ( an eight-petal$ fl[] arrang$ on ! alt]nate /eps ( ! ,greek me&]4 ,x is seldom f\nd 9 any rugs b ! ,t*et*54 7,see d\bletone at p4 #bfj47 ,illu/ration3 ,*i*i bord] design ,,*91 see ,pe>l4 ,,*9ese ,,cl\d ,,b&1 see ,cl\d1 ,*9ese4 ,,*9ese ,,fret1 ,,greek ,,fret1 ,,greek ,,key 7a bord] design71 sugge/$ by ! ov]lapp+ ( ! sea waves4 ,x is commonly f\nd 9 ! bord]s ( ! ,sam>k&1 ,ka%g>1 ,y>k&1 ,belu*i/an1 & ne>ly all ( ! ,*9ese products4 7,see d\bletones at pp4 #bfd & #bif47 ,illu/ration3 ,*9ese fret4 ,greek fret4 ,,circle4--,q commonly us$ 9 ,*9ese decoration1 :]e x d5otes et]nity1 hav+ no comm5cem5t & no end4 ,9 ,india x is consid]$ inauspici\s4 ,x is relat$ t "o ( ! ,mah>ajahs ( ,india return$ a co/ly l&au to a ,briti% manufactur] because x _h circles ( embroid]$ tape on its cu%ions4 ,,circle ,,( ,,happ9ess 7see color$ plates1 pp4 #cjf & #cah1 & d\bletone at p4 #bij74--;,a circle or ovoid )9 :i* are usually work$ v>i\s ,*9ese designs1 ei!r floral or animal4 ,f\nd 9 ne>ly all classes ( ,*9ese products4 ,,claw ,,& ,,ball1 see ,ball & ,claw4 ,,cl\d ,,b&1 see ,cl\d1 ,*9ese4 ,illu/ration3 ,*9ese cl\d design ,,cl\d1 ,,*9ese1 is "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ( ! ,mongolian patt]ns1 al?\gh x is frequ5tly f\nd 9 ,caucasian & ,kurdi% fabrics4 ,x is symbolic ( immortality & repres5ts ! con/ellation ( ,ursa ,major1 9 :i*1 by ! ,mongolian1 ! great ,rul] 0 suppos$ to reside4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #aid & color plate at p4 #cjj47 ,,coat ,,( ,,arms1 ,,p]sian 7see illu/ration on p4 #afi74--;,consi/s ( a lion hold+ an uplift$ sword 9 its "r paw & ! ris+ sun dom9at+ f its back4 ,p]sians f _! e>lie/ hi/ory h wor%ipp$ ! sun4 ,! lion 0 add$ ab\t eight hundr$ ye>s ago1 x be+ ! emblem ( "o ( ! ,nomadic tribes :o 7 conqu]$ by ! ,p]sians4 ,! sword signifies ! absolute p[] ( ! ,p]sian rul]s4 ,?is emblem is us$ on _! flag & co9s z well z 9 decoration4 ,,coat ,,( ,,arms1 ,,russian 7see illu/ration on p4 #bec74--,! ,russian d\ble eagle is occasionally f\nd 9 old ,kazaks4 ,,coat ,,( ,,arms1 ,,turki% 7see illu/ration on p4 #bag74--,rudely repres5ts a left h&1 orig9at$1 x is said1 by a ,sultan :o seal$ ! treaty ( ,ragusa ) ! impr9t ( 8 h& aft] dipp+ x 9 blood4 ,x n[ appe>s on ! ,turki% /amps1 co9s & _m ( _! public docum5ts4 ,,cobra1 see ,s]p5t4 ,,cock1 cr[+1 see ,roo/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,comb design ,,comb4--,an emblem ( ! ,mohamm$an fai? to rem9d ! dev\t t cleanl9ess is next to godl9ess4 ,= ?is reason x appe>s 9 its v>i\s =ms ne> ! ni*e ( _m pray] rugs1 especially 9 ! ,daghe/ans4 ,,compass4--,c>ri$ by ! ,mohamm$ans to det]m9e ! location s t ! ni*e ( _! pray] rugs might be po9t$ 9 ! "r direction1 t[>ds ,mecca4 ,,con* ,,%ell4--,a ,*9ese ,buddhi/ symbol4 ,,cone1 ,,fir1 see ,pe>4 ,,cornucopia4--,repres5t$ by a ram's horn fill$ ) fl[]s & fruit4 ,x symbolizes peace & prosp]ity4 ,,crab4--,a bord] design hav+ ! appe>ance ( a s]ies ( crabs ) _! claws ext5d$4 ,v common 9 ! ,caucasian fabrics1 especially ! ,kazaks4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #ahf47 ,illu/ration3 ,crab design ,,crane4--,9 ,india ! crane is symbolic ( a rogue1 a *eat1 a false prophet1 a religi\s hypocrite4 ,crane-l 7bakavrata7 means hypocrisy4 ,a poet address+ a crane said1 ,y /& on "o leg l a devotee p]=m+ au/]ities1 b y c only *eat s5seless fi%es4 ,y\r hypocrisy is well kn[n to ! le>n$2 !y are aw>e ( x4 ,,cresc5t4--,9 ,*9a ! cresc5t is symbolic ( com+ ev5ts4 ,9 ,india x signifies desc5t 9 ! lun> l9e ( k+s ( ! w>rior race 7,kehatriya7 or x indicates ,mohamm$an fai?4 ,:5 us$ z a tattoo m>k x is associat$ ) a little /> bel[ x & x means ! devot$ love ( ,roh9i 7,v5us7 to ! moon 7:o is mascul9e 9 ,indian my?ology74 ,,crocodile4--,9 ,indian my?ology1 :5 drawn ) a female figure seat$ on x1 x signifies ! ,goddess ,ganga 7p]sonification ( ! riv] ,ganges72 :5 drawn z hold+ an elephant 9 its trem5d\s jaws1 x %[s di/ress & t5acity4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross design ,,cross1 ,,greek 7sometimes call$ ! ,squ>e ,cross74--,a pla9 cross ) f\r equal arms4 ,mo/ ( ! ,ea/]n *ur*es are built 9 ! =m ( ?is cross4 ,! cross is nev] f\nd 9 rugs t are wov5 by ! or?odox ,mohamm$ans4 ,,cross1 ,,squ>e1 see ,cross1 ,greek4 ,,cr[4--,*9ese1 h>b+] ( bad luck2 ,indian1 an evil =ebod] among ! ,h9dus & a good om5 among ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,x is said t ,sir ,sal> ,jang1 ! late ,m9i/] ( ,hyd]abad1 always look$ at a cr[ ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! morn+ & t "o ( 8 att5dants 0 told (t to /& ) a cr[ 9 a cage fac+ 8 w9d[4 ,,cr[+ ,,cock1 see ,roo/]4 ,,cr[n ,,jewel1 see ,pe>4 ,,david',s ,,%ield1 see ,/>1 six-po9t$4 ,,david',s ,,signet ,,or ,,%ield1 see ,/>1 six-po9t$4 ,,de]4--,9 ,*9a x is symbolic ( longevity & success4 ,9 ,india a doe is symbolic ( love t[>ds animals because ( its association ) ,%akuntala 9 ! ,lo/ ,r+1 a v popul> drama by ,kalidas4 ,,diamond4--,f\nd 9 rugs ( mo/ e class1 b m especially 9 ^? ( ! ,caucasus4 ,z f> z we are able to le>n ! diamond has no special symbolic significance4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #aaj47 ,,diap]1 see ,lattice4 ,,disc1 ,w+$1 see ,w+$ ,globe or ,disc4 ,,dog4--,! dog is consid]$ a sacr$ animal = ! reason t "o prec$$ ,mohamm$ ! prophet1 :5 he made 8 fir/ triumphal entry into ,mecca4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hamadan ,,rug ,size #f'aj #c'd ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,/anton1 ,,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 7,see page #aid7 ,,dove4--,*9ese1 companion%ip2 ,indian1 no significance except ?r\gh ,briti% associations = innoc5ce4 ,,dragon4--,! ,imp]ial ,*9ese dragon is repres5t$ ) five claws & no w+s1 also ) scales l a crocodile4 ,x is frequ5tly repres5t$ z ei!r hold+ or look+ t[>ds a r\nd object :i* is said to repres5t a pe>l4 ,9 ,india ! dragon is ! symbol = dea?4 ,! ,japanese dragon has b ?ree claws4 7,see color plate at p4 #cjj1 & d\bletone at p4 #ccb47 ,,duck4--,9 ,*9a ! duck is ! symbol ( connubial felicity4 ,,eagle4--,9 ,indian ,my?ology1 ,g>ud1 ! ,eagle ( ,heav51 is ! *>g] ( ,vi%nu & ! de/roy] ( v5om\s snakes4 ,,egg4--,9 ,*9a x is symbolic ( productiv5ess1 pl5ty4 ,9 ,india1 an egg ) ! figure ( a babe inside ( x indicates ! univ]se4 ,,elephant4--,*9ese1 high (ficial rank2 ,indian1 sign ( royalty1 z k+s possess !m4 ,,fea!r1 see ,pe>4 ,,f]aghan1 see ,h]ati4 ,,fir ,,cone1 see ,pe>4 ,,fi%1 see ,h]ati4 ,,fi% ,,bones4--,sometimes call$ ,indian fi% bone1 sugge/s ! skeleton ( a fi%4 ,x is sometimes arrang$ some:at simil> to ! ,h]ati4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #bhd47 ,illu/ration3 ,fi% bones design ,,flame1 see ,pe>4 ,,fl[] ,,( ,,h5na1 see ,guli ,h5na4 ,,fl[] ,,& ,,knop1 see ,knop & ,fl[]4 ,,fly4--,) ! ,*9ese ! fly is symbolic ( wor?lessness4 ,,f\r ,,fl[]s1 see ,roses1 f\r4 ,,f\r ,,roses1 see ,roses1 f\r4 ,,fret1 ,,*9ese1 see ,*9ese fret4 ,,fret1 ,,greek1 see ,*9ese fret4 ,illu/ration3 ,galley bord] design ,,galley 7a bord] design74--,orig9at$ among ! p :o inhabit ! section ( c\ntry betwe5 ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,black & ,caspian ,seas4 ,illu/ration3 ,georgian bord] design ,,georgian ,,bord] ,,design4--,g5]ally f\nd 9 ,caucasian fabrics1 especially ! ,daghe/an & ,%emakha1 occasionally 9 ! ,s>uk4 ,!re are sev]al =ms ( ?is design1 ! two mo/ common ones be+ h]e) illu/rat$4 7,see color plate at p4 #hd & d\bletone at p4 #bff47 ,illu/ration3 ,ghiordes bord] /ripe ,,ghiordes ,,bord] ,,/ripe4--,sev]al =ms1 ! two mo/ commonly us$ are h]e) illu/rat$1 "o be+ two rosettes "o above ! o!r1 ea* jo9$ by a long1 n>r[ /em to a leaf =m on ! "r1 :ile ! o!r has b half ( a rosette1 :i* is simil>ly jo9$ to a leaf =m bel[4 7,see color plate at p4 #hd & d\bletone at p4 #bff47 ,,g\rd4--,*9ese1 receptacle ( my/]ies2 ,indian1 :5 %ap$ l a b[l x repres5ts ! dr9k+ vessel ( a ,sanyasi or recluse4 ,,greek ,,cross1 see ,cross1 ,greek4 ,,greek ,,fret 7bord] design71 see ,*9ese fret4 ,,greek ,,key1 see ,*9ese fret4 ,,guli ,,h5na 7see field design ( illu/ration at p4 #bjb74--;,consi/s ( ! small yell[ h5na fl[]s arrang$ 9 r[s ) floral =ms connect+ !m simil>ly 9 arrangem5ts to ! ,h]ati design4 ,x is common 9 ,p]sian rugs1 especially old ,f]aghans4 ,,h&1 see ,coat ( ,arms1 ,turki%2 also ,pe>4 ,,h>e4--,*9ese1 9 connection ) ! moon4 ,,h5na ,,fl[]1 see ,guli ,h5na4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]ati design ,illu/ration3 ,h]ati design ,,h]ati4--,also kn[n z ! fi%1 tw9 fi% & ,f]aghan designs4 ,bett] kn[n z ! ,h]ati4 ,x orig9at$ 9 ! old city ( ,h]at4 ,x consi/s ( a rosette betwe5 two lancet-%ap$ leaves :i* v mu* resemble fi%4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is resemblance x is (t5 call$ ! fi% patt]n4 ,x has be5 utiliz$ ) _m modifications 9 half ( ! rug-mak+ sections ( ! ,ori5t4 ,x may be f\nd 9 its orig9al =m 9 _m ( ! ,p]sian fabrics1 especially ! ,h]at1 ! ,f]aghan1 ! ,khorasan1 & ! ,s5na4 ,:5 9 ! body ( ! rug x is g5]ally arrang$ z a diap]1 cov]+ all or a consid]able portion ( x4 ,sometimes x appe>s 9 comb9ation ) squ>e or diamond-%ap$ figures4 ,! ,h]ati bord] is f\nd 9 a great _m ( ! ,p]sian & 9 "s ( ! ,caucasian fabrics4 7,see color plate at p4 #bb1 & d\bletones at pp4 #aad1 #aij & #cab47 ,illu/ration3 ,,f]aghan ,,rug 7,,h]ati ,,design7 ,size #g'f #d' ,,loan$ ,,by ,,mr4 ,,edw4 ,,hommel 7,see page #aib7 ,,hexagon4--,f\nd 9 rugs ( mo/ e class1 b m especially 9 ^? ( ! ,caucasus4 ,x app>5tly has no special symbolic significance4 ,,hog4--,9 ,*9a ! hog is symbolic ( depravity & imbecility4 ,,hom1 see ,an!mion4 ,,hook1 ,angul>1 see ,angul> hook4 ,,hook1 ,lat*1 see ,angul> hook4 ,,horse ,,%oe4--,emblem ( good luck4 ,frequ5tly us$ 9 comb9ation ) cl\d =ms4 ,,h\nd4--,*9ese1 fidelity or loyalty4 ,,h\r-,,glass4--,=m$ by ! jo9+ ( two triangles at _! apices2 is symbolic ( fire & wat]4 ,,indian ,,fi% ,,bone1 see ,fi% bone4 ,,jewel1 see ,pe>4 ,,jug4--,9 ,india ! jug ) ! bu/ ( a woman on ! top repres5ts ! sacr$ wat] ( ! ,ganges4 ,,key1 ,,greek1 see ,*9ese fret4 ,,knop ,,& ,,fl[]4--,a clos$ bud alt]nat+ ) a rosette or a palmette4 ,x is suppos$ to h _h its orig9 9 ! ,egyptian lotus4 ,x is us$ *iefly 9 bord] designs4 ,,knot4--,a ,buddhi/ symbol4 ,illu/ration3 ,knot ( de/9y ,,knot ,,( ,,de/9y4--,dates back to ,solomon's "t4 ,x is "o ( ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/ ornam5ts & is !re=e q commonly f\nd 9 ! ,sam>k&1 ,y>k&1 ,ka%g>1 & ! v>i\s ,*9ese products4 ,also us$ m or less ?r\gh\t ! ,caucasus & especially 9 ! ,%emakha2 9 fact1 x is pres5t some:]e 9 mo/ rugs ( ! latt] class1 z a talismanic design4 ,9 "s ( ! ,p]sian fabrics x p>takes ( a floral "*4 ,,konieh ,,field1 see ,rhodian4 ,,koran is a sacr$ design & few rugs ) x ev] leave ,p]sia4 ,illu/ration3 ,kulah bord] design ,,kulah ,,bord] ,,design4--,claim$ by "s to h orig9ally be5 int5d$ to repres5t an alligator4 ,!re are exce$+ly few ,kulah rugs t d n %[ x & seldom is x se5 9 any o!r class ( fabrics4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #bdj47 ,,lamp4--,crude figures ( lamps1 l m9iature tea-pots1 (t5 hang f ! pray] ni*e ( ! ,turki% pray] rugs1 especially ^? ( ! ,konieh1 ,ghiordes1 & ,ladik v>ieties4 ,!y are usually ( a floral design & are g5]ally accompani$ by a column on ei!r side :i* is int5d$ to repres5t ! two huge alt> c&les ( ! mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,lamp design ,,lat* ,,hook1 see ,angul> ,hook4 ,,lattice4--,also kn[n z trellis1 diap]1 & network4 ,^! names are appli$ to any design :i* is repeat$ 9 su* a way z to =m a lattice arrangem5t4 ,x is m or less common 9 all classes ( rugs1 especially ! ,p]sians4 ,a peculi> compact lattice patt]n kn[n z ! mirror design is frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! ,hamadans4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #beh47 ,illu/ration3 ,lattice design ,,leaf1 see ,pe>4 ,,leop>d4--,! ,*9ese symbol = f]ocity4 ,,lily1 see ,rhodian4 ,,l9k4--,l9k 9 ,loz5ge or ,spiral is a comb9ation ( two triangles ) "o side ( ea* p>allel ) ! o!r & sometimes jo9$ by a diagonal l9e4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! bord]s ( ,asia ,m9or rugs1 also 9 ! field ( _m ,nomad productions4 ,especially common 9 ! ,kurdi/ans & ,%irvans4 ,illu/ration3 ,l9k ,,lion4--,*9ese1 /r5g?1 p[]1 au?ority2 ,indian1 a lion's figure on ! arms ( a *air indicates t x is a ?rone4 ,a ?rone is call$ ,sivasan1 :i* means a lion seat4 ,a lion is also "o ( ! *>g]s ( ! goddess ,durga4 ,,loop1 see ,pe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,lotus design ,illu/ration3 ,,mod]n ,,k]man%ah ,,rug ,,loan$ ,,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,clafl9 ,,co 7,see page #ahh7 ,,lotus4--,v mu* resembles our pond lily ) ! exception t ! color is ( a brilliant purple on ! bord] petals ) a he>t ( deep orange & ! /em /&s high out ( ! wat]4 ,x is commonly f\nd on ! banks ( ! ,nile & is ! fir/ fl[] to spr+ up aft] ! ov]fl[+ wat]s ( t riv] h subsid$4 ,= ?is reason & because x pres]ves its *a/e beauty :ile gr[+ f su* impure surr\nd+s x has always figur$ among ! ,egyptians z an emblem ( immortality & purity4 ,) ! ,*9ese x is symbolic ( _m desc5dants & 9 ,india x is especially sacr$ to ! ,buddhi/s & is ! national fl[] ( t c\ntry4 ,9 ornam5t ! lotus is h&l$ by _m diff]5t nations1 be+ us$ 9 bo? circul> & pr(ile =ms1 figur+ z fl[]s1 :eels1 m$allions1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,lotus design ,,magpie4--,! ,*9ese h>b+] ( good luck4 ,,me&]1 ,,greek 7a bord] design74--,also kn[n z ! zigzag1 ! wave cre/1 or ! wat] motif4 ,x consi/s ( a s]ies ( diagonal l9es at regul> int]vals repres5t+ waves or runn+ wat]4 ,f\nd 9 ne>ly all classes1 especially ! ,caucasian4 ,illu/ration3 ,me&] design ,,m$allion4--,a ,mongolian elem5t :i* no d\bt orig9at$ f ! lotus4 ,f\nd 9 mo/ ,*9ese & _m ,p]sian rugs1 especially ! ,gorevans1 ,s]api1 ,hamadans1 ,kirmans1 ,%iraz1 & ,khorasans4 ,a modification kn[n z ! pole m$allion1 9 :i* ! ends ( ! design project out l a pole1 is especially common to ! rugs ( ,hamadan & ,%iraz4 ,9 ! ,*9ese rugs ! m$allion is usually ( ! =m kn[n z ! ,circle ( ,happ9ess4 7,see d\bletones at pp4 #ahj1 #ahh1 #aib1 & #bbb2 also color plates at pp4 #eb & #aff47 ,illu/ration3 ,m$aillon design ,,m9a ,,khani 7see field design ( plates at pp4 #bad & #bif74--,nam$ aft] ,m9a ,khan1 "o ( ! anci5t rul]s 9 ,we/]n ,p]sia4 ,x is a comb9ation ( r$1 yell[1 & p>ti-color$ r$ & blue florals jo9$ by rhomboidal v9es ( olive gre5 9 su* a mann] z to =m a lattice arrangem5t4 ,x is di/9ctly a ,kurdi% design1 al?\gh x is f\nd frequ5tly 9 ! ,p]sian fabrics1 especially 9 ^? f ! prov9ce ( ,khorasan4 ,illu/ration3 ,mir design ,illu/ration3 ,,khiva ,,bokh>a ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #d' #b'f ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,l4 ,a4 ,,%ortell1 ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 7,see page #bhj7 ,,mir 7a bord] design74--,s call$ aft] ! village :]e x is said to h orig9at$4 ,x consi/s ( small rectil9e> fl[]s connect$ by an undulat+ v9e & is an almo/ univ]sal design ( ! ,s>ab&s4 ,seldom se5 9 o!r fabrics4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #aih47 ,,mirror ,,design1 see ,trellis4 ,,monkey4--,symbolic 9 ,*9a ( high (ficial rank4 ,,mosque ,,design4--,f\nd 9 _m pray] rugs4 ,x consi/s ( a column on ea* side ( ! pray] ni*e & a floral lamp hang+ f ! ni*e1 usually 9 a field ( solid color su* z d>k r$ or blue4 ,,m\nta9s are repres5t$ ) f "o to five peaks4 ,( ,mongolian orig91 al?\gh !y are occasionally f\nd 9 "s ( ! ,caucasian1 ,turke/an1 & ,p]sian fabrics4 ,! anci5t ,mongolians believ$ t ! s\ls ( ! righte\s m\nt$ to heav5 f ! m\nta9 tops & = ?is reason !y are rev]$4 ,,network1 see ,lattice4 ,,ni*e ,,or ,,mihrab 7see plate at p4 #cbb74--,! "n appli$ to ! po9t$ design at "o end ( a pray] rug4 ,x is suppos$ to imitate ! =m ( ! ,mihrab 9 ! temple at ,mecca4 ,:5 a pray] rug is us$ ! ni*e is inv>iably po9t$ t[>ds ! holy city ( ,mecca4 ,,octagon4--,repres5ts ! eight directions ( location & is f\nd 9 ,turkoman1 ,*9ese1 & ,caucasian products4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,turke/an rugs4 7,see d\bletones at pp4 #afb1 #bfd & #bgh2 also frontispiece47 ,illu/ration3 ,octagon ,,owl4--,*9ese1 a bird ( ill-om54 ,9 ,ea/]n ,india ! owl is consid]$ auspici\s because x is ! *>g] ( ,laxni1 ! ,goddess ( ,weal?1 b 9 ,we/]n ,india x is consid]$ an om9\s bird4 ,,ox4--,*9ese1 fri5d ( man1 agriculture2 ,indian1 ! *>g] ( ,%iva4 ,! sacr$ nature ( ! hump$ bull 9 ,india is well kn[n4 ,,palace ,,or ,,sunbur/4--,kn[n by ! latt] "n inasmu* z its %ape sugge/s ! radii ar\nd ! sun4 ,a v common design 9 ,kazaks & ,%irvans1 especially ! antiques4 ,nev] f\nd 9 any b ! ,caucasian products4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #bgb47 ,illu/ration3 ,palace or sunbur/ ,,palmette4--,a little cup-%ap$ object ) fan-%ap$ leaves ar\nd x4 ,believ$ by "s to h _h its d]ivation f ! human h& ) all ! digits ext5d$2 by o!rs x is believ$ to h be5 d]iv$ f ! palm gr[?4 ,,panel4--,suppos$ to h be5 int5d$ to repres5t mosque w9d[s4 ,!y usually v>y 9 numb] f "o to ?ree & are f\nd 9 ! ,%iraz m ?an 9 any o!r class4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #bdf47 ,,p>rot4--,9 ,india ?is bird is symboliz$ z a mess5g] ( love4 ,,peacock4--,*9ese1 beauty2 ,indian1 x is always auspici\s because x is ! royal bird4 ,its fea!rs supply mat]ial = ! mor*el bru%es held by pages on ea* side ( a ,mah>ajah or k+4 ,illu/ration3 ,pe> design ,illu/ration3 ,pe> design ,,pe>4--,also kn[n z ! cone1 ! palm leaf1 ! riv] loop1 ! cr[n jewel1 ! seal1 ! almond1 ! fea!r1 ! b\quet1 & ! flame4 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! orig9 & mean+ ( ?is motif4 ,"s au?orities claim x 0 int5d$ = ! fir cone1 :i* s]v$ z an emblem ( immortality & 0 rev]$ by ! anci5ts2 "s say x 0 int5d$ = ! palm leaf1 :i* has be5 h&$ d[n by ! ,greeks z a symbol ( victory2 o!rs say x 0 int5d$ to repres5t a loop :i* ! riv] ,indus makes on a va/ pla9 9 upp] ,ca%m]e z se5 f ! ,mosque4 ,by "s x is said to repres5t ! cr[n jewels or *ief ornam5t 9 ! old ,iranian cr[n1 :i* is a composite jewel ( pe> %ape4 ,a great _m believe x to repres5t an anci5t seal :i* 0 made by ! clos$ h& aft] dipp+ x 9 human blood4 ,tradition tells u t ! sign+ ( docum5ts 9 su* a mann] 0 a cu/om well kn[n 9 ! ,ea/4 ,?is design has also be5 call$ ! almond1 ! fea!r1 ! b\quet1 & ! flame on acc\nt ( its fanci$ resemblance to ^! objects4 ,we h select$ ! "n pe> because ! image x conveys is m cle>ly recogniz$ by ! we/]n m9d4 ,x is t :i* its %ape mo/ sugge/s4 ,! ,pe> design is common 9 _m k9ds ( rugs1 especially 9 ^? ( ,p]sia & ,kurdi/an1 b x v>ies greatly 9 v>ieties ( =m & size4 ,! l>ge size is usually employ$ 9 ! ,caucasus & ,s\!rn ,p]sia1 :ile ! small size is us$ m frequ5tly 9 ,c5tral & ,we/]n ,p]sia4 ,9 ! ,s>ab&1 ,%iraz1 ,h]at1 ,khorasan1 & ,s5na1 x frequ5tly cov]s ! :ole field4 ,9 ! two =m] alt]nate r[s usually h ! /ems ( ! pe>s turn$ 9 opposite directions1 :ile 9 ! ?ree latt] ! /ems are usually turn$ 9 ! same direction4 7,see d\bletones at pp4 #aih1 #bjd1 #bjh & #bfb2 also color plate at p4 #bib47 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,kurdi% ,,gu>d ,,pe>l ,,or ,,*94--,a ,mongolian design4 ,frequ5tly f\nd 9 ,*9ese1 ,tibetan1 & ,turkoman rugs4 ,x /&s = purity & is g5]ally associat$ ) ! dragon1 :i* is suppos$ to be gu>d+ x f ! grasp ( ! demons4 ,,peony4--,symbol 9 ,*9a ( weal? & (ficial position4 ,,p]sian ,,coat ,,( ,,arms1 see ,coat ( ,arms1 ,p]sian4 ,,ph,,nix4--,*9ese1 prosp]ity1 a bride4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #ccb47 ,,p9eapple has furni%$ _m designs4 ,x is ev5 claim$ by "s au?orities t ! palmette ( ! fam\s ,%ah ,abbas design 0 orig9ally sugge/$ by ! p9eapple4 ,,p9e ,,tree1 see ,tree4 ,,pole ,,m$allion1 see ,m$allion4 ,,pomegranate4--,_m desc5dants4 ,! pomegranate takes a prom95t place 9 ,mohamm$an art1 especially 9 ! ,anatolian prov9ces4 ,x is highly reg>d$ z a food & f its juice a delici\s dr9k is made4 ,,ram1 ,,indian4--,if drawn ) a f\r-head$ figure rid+ x1 x means ,m>s4 ,,reciprocal ,,saw-,,tee? is sometimes call$ by ! ,p]sians se*rudisih1 mean+ tee? ( ! rat4 ,almo/ di/9ctive ( ,caucasian fabrics1 especially ! ,kazaks4 ,occasionally pres5t 9 ! ,turki% & ,turkoman rugs also4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #bdb47 ,illu/ration3 ,reciprocal saw-tee? design ,,reciprocal ,,trefoil4--,s nam$ by ,european exp]ts :o claim x to be an ess5tial m>k ( ! ,poli% c>pets4 ,l ! b>b] pole /ripe x is f\nd 9 rugs ( ne>ly all classes1 b m especially ! ,caucasians4 ,probably f\nd m frequ5tly 9 ! ,k>abaghs ?an 9 any o!r rug4 7,see color plate at p4 #aff47 ,illu/ration3 ,reciprocal trefoil ,illu/ration3 ,rhodian or lily design ,,rhodian ,,or ,,lily4--,compos$ ( small fl[]s ) ?ree triangul> petals & a long /em4 ,has ! appe>ance some:at ( a %amrock leaf4 ,x may be f\nd 9 any ( ! ,asia ,m9or rugs1 especially 9 ! field ( ! ,konieh & ,ladik4 ,9 ! =m] x is ne>ly always pres5t & = ?is reason is sometimes kn[n z ! ,konieh design4 7,see color plate at p4 #fj & d\bletones at pp4 #ach & #bcf47 ,,rhomboid4--,common 9 rugs ( mo/ e c\ntry1 b m especially 9 ^? ( ! ,caucasus4 ,x c>ries no special symbolic significance4 ,,ribbon4--,repres5tation ( a twi/$ ribbon4 ,l ! b>b] pole /ripe1 ! reciprocal trefoil1 & ! ,greek me&]1 x is f\nd 9 ne>ly all classes ( rugs4 7,see color plate at p4 #ade & d\bletone at p4 #acj47 ,illu/ration3 ,ribbon design ,,rice4--,sometimes ref]r$ to z ! gra9s ( rice patt]n2 consi/s ( p9ki% br[n color$ spots spr9kl$ on a field ( dull :ite4 ,(t5 arrang$ 9 a network4 ,f\nd only 9 ,sam>k& & ,*9ese products4 ,,riv] ,,loop1 see ,pe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,roo/] ,,roo/]4--,! p ( ,%iraz p]sonify ! ,devil 9 ! =m ( a roo/]1 :i* !y weave 9 "s ( _! *oice/ rugs 9 ord] to av]t ! evil eye4 ,"s =ms ( ! cr[+ cock1 s call$1 are easily confus$ ) ! ,pe> patt]n4 ,,ros>y1 see ,beads4 ,,roses1 ,,f\r4--,an anci5t design appe>+ 9 _m =ms4 ,common 9 ! ,kurdi% products & x is ?\ght by "s to be a ,kurdi% =m ( ! tree ( life4 ,x appe>s 9 sev]al diff]5t =ms4 ,,rosette4--,a floral-%ap$ design :i* is said to resemble ! ,/> ( ,be?lehem1 an e>ly spr+ fl[] ( ,p]sia4 ,x is mu* us$ 9 bord] designs & x alt]nates ) ! palmette 9 =m+ ! ,%ah ,abbas patt]n4 ,x also =ms ! design kn[n z ! ,knop & ,fl[] by alt]nat+ ) a clos$ bud4 ,"s au?orities claim t x orig9at$ f ! lotus4 ,illu/ration3 ,rosette design ,,russian ,,coat ,,or ,,arms1 see ,coat ( ,arms1 ,russian4 ,s ,,=ms1 especially repeat$ 9 ! =m ( a bord]1 are v common 9 ! ,caucasian fabrics1 especially 9 ! ,kabi/ans & ,%irvans4 ,also f\nd to "s ext5t 9 ! ,turki% & ,p]sian weaves4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #bbj47 ,illu/ration3 ,s =ms ,,s>ab& ,,bord] ,,design1 see ,mir4 ,,s>d>4--,nam$ aft] ! ,s>d> ,aziz ,khan1 :o 0 at "o "t gov]nor ( ,az]bijan4 ,?is design consi/s ( n>r[ leaf =ms1 :i* are connect$ by v9es & reliev$ by bold floral %apes4 ,q commonly us$ 9 mod]n fabrics1 especially ! l>ge-siz$ ones4 ,,saw-,,tee?1 ,,reciprocal1 see ,reciprocal ,saw-tee?4 ,,sc>ab,,u1 see ,beetle4 ,,sceptre4--,"o ( ! mo/ di/9ctive & fam\s ( ! ,mongolian patt]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,scorpion or spid] ,,scorpion ,,or ,,spid]4--,*9ese1 vici\sness1 poison4 ,9 ,india x is believ$ t if a scorpion creeps ov] ! body x causes leprosy & t if "o be>s ! tattoo$ image ( a scorpion he is free f leprosy z well z f ! bite ( t insect4 ,z a design x is q common 9 ! bord]s ( ,caucasian fabrics1 especially ! ,%irvans4 ,,scroll4--,"o ( ! di/9ctive ,mongolian patt]ns :i* is said to repres5t ! sun4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,turke/an1 ,*9ese1 & ,tibetan fabrics4 ,,seal1 see ,pe>4 ,,seal ,,( ,,solomon1 see ,solomon's ,seal4 ,,s]p5t4--,9 ,india x is inauspici\s because x rem9ds "o ( dea?4 ,,%ah ,,abbas 7see bord] design 9 cut ( ,ispahan rug at p4 #aid74--,nam$ aft] ! mo/ rev]$ ( mon>*s1 :o 0 born 9 #aehf & di$ 9 #afbh4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! anci5t designs4 ,x consi/s ( yell[1 r$1 & blue fl[]s ) connect+ v9es ^u a backgr\nd ( blue4 ,! s-call$ ,%ah ,abbas design ( to-day has v little resemblance to ! anci5t design4 7,see color plate at p4 #cb & d\bletone at p4 #aid47 ,,%aul ,,design1 see ,pe>4 ,,%ield ,,( ,,david1 see ,/>1 six-po9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,%irvan design ,,%irvan ,,design is compos$ ( a diamond figure1 ea* side ( :i* is =m$ by a s]ies ( /eps4 ,frequ5tly ! c5tre is fill$ ) small geometrical figures4 ,?is design is f\nd m or less 9 ! majority ( ! ,caucasian products1 b m especially 9 ! ,%irvans4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kir ,,%ehr ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #c'aj #e'e ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,/anton1 ,,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 7,see page #bbb7 ,,%\ appe>s 9 _m =ms1 b ! ?ree =ms illu/rat$ h]e) are ! mo/ common1 n only 9 ,*9ese rugs b also z decoration 9 old porcela9 & z embroid]$ designs on silk4 ,illu/ration3 ,%\ design ,,signet ,,( ,,david4--,bas$ ^u ! equilat]al triangle & f x h orig9at$ _m ( ! ,turki% designs4 ,see ,/>1 six-po9t$4 ,,silibik ,,or ,,apple4--,a ,kurdi% design :i* be>s v little resemblance to ! fruit aft] :i* x is nam$4 ,x is usually arrang$ 9 p]p5dicul> r[s ?r\gh\t ! field4 ,,sixte5 ,,lucky ,,squ>es1 see ,knot ( ,de/9y4 ,,snake1 see ,s]p5t4 ,,solomon',s ,,seal4--,built on ! "r angle triangle &1 l ! ,signet ( ,david1 x is f\nd 9 _m ( ! ,turki% & ,caucasian fabrics & to x scores ( patt]ns may be trac$4 ,illu/ration3 ,solomon's seal ,,sp>r[4--,9 ,india x indicates bump] crops4 ,,spid]1 see ,scorpion4 ,,spiral1 see ,l9k4 ,,squ>e4--,f\nd 9 ! rugs ( ne>ly e class1 b m especially 9 ^? ( ! ,caucasus4 ,x app>5tly has no special symbolic significance4 ,,squ>e ,,cross1 see ,cross1 ,greek4 ,,squirrel4--,9 ,india x is sacr$ to ,rana1 ! sev5? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu1 because :ile 8 monkey army 0 build+ a bridge = him to g ov] to ,ceylon ?is little creature 0 se5 repeat$ly roll+ into ! s& ( ! bea* & wa%+ ! gra9s1 :i* adh]$ to its bu%y coat1 into ! sea4 ,rana inquir$ :y x took s mu* tr\ble & ! reply 0 t x 0 tak+ s& d[n to ! sea to reclaim ! l& or fill up ! gap betwe5 ,ceylon & ,india & to facilitate ! con/ruction ( ! bridge4 ,rana 0 s pleas$ t he pass$ 8 f+]s coax+ly ov] its body & said t ! sacr$ m>ks ?us produc$ on its back w\ld protect x4 ,! /ripes on ! squirrel's back are /ill believ$ to be ,rana's f+] m>ks & no good ,h9du1 !re=e1 w kill a squirrel4 ,its pres5ce is auspici\s1 signify+ ,div9e protection4 ,,/>4--,an emblem se5 ! _w ov] 9 decoration1 especially 9 synagogues4 ,x is common 9 ! ,caucasian & ,turkoman products1 especially 9 ! =m ( ! elongat$ eight-po9t$ />4 ,?is eight-po9t$ /> 9 ! c5tre ( an octagon is said to h repres5t$ ! ,deity ( ! anci5t ,m$es4 ,9 all probability ! six-po9t$ /> 0 an adaptation ( ! ,%ield ( ,david4 ,x is suppos$ to h be5 symbolic ( div9ity4 ,to x may be trac$ scores ( ,turki% patt]ns4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #afb & color plate at p4 #id47 ,illu/ration3 ,/> ,,/ork4--,*9ese1 longevity4 ,indian--! ,indian h]on has be5 associat$ ) cunn+ & deceit4 ,x is said t x /&s on "o leg l an ,indian ascetic z if x _h be5 p]=m+ au/]ities1 b z soon z a fi% comes )9 rea* x p\nces on x & dev\rs x4 ,p :o assume ! g>b ( religi\s m5 & *eat o!rs are call$ 7bak7 /orks1 h]ons4 ,,sunbur/1 see ,palace4 ,,swan4--,9 ,india ! swan is ! *>g] ( ,brahma4 ,,swa/ika4--,d]iv$ f ! ,sanscrit ^w ,sva/i1 :i* means good pret5ce4 ,x dates back ?ree or f\r ?\s& ye>s ,b4,c4 & has be5 f\nd 9 ne>ly all excavations ( prehi/oric times & among ! relics ( primitive p all ov] ! _w4 ,x has be5 kn[n alike to ,anci5t ,greeks1 ,egyptians1 ,*9ese1 ,japanese1 ,ea/ ,indians1 ,aztecs1 m\nd build]s1 & ! ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ican ,indians1 ) all ( :om x has a simil> mean+1 viz41 good luck & happ9ess4 ,9 ,india x is drawn bel[ ! seats int5d$ = bridegrooms1 bel[ ! plates conta9+ food to be (f]$ to gods & is tattoo$ on ! arms4 ,x is drawn on ! scalp at ! ?read c]emony & on ! dorsum ( ! feet on all auspici\s c]emonies1 su* z m>riages1 etc4 ,! usual figure consi/s ( f\r arms ) ! cross at "r angles & ! arms po9t+ 9 ! direction ( motion ( a clock's h&1 al?\gh x has be5 giv5 diff]5t =ms1 z %[n by ! accompany+ illu/rations4 ,x is v commonly us$ z a rug design1 especially 9 ! ,*9ese1 ,caucasian1 ,turki%1 & ,turkoman products4 7,see color plate at p4 #cjf & d\bletone at p4 #bij47 ,illu/ration3 ,swa/ika ,t ,,=ms 7a bord] design7 figure l>gely 9 ! decoration ( ,sam>k& & ,*9ese rugs4 ,simil> to ! ,*9ese fret4 ,illu/ration4 ,t =ms ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,emir ,,( ,,bokh>a ,,& ,,8 ,,m9i/]s ,illu/ration3 ,,turkomans ,,at ,,home ,,tae-,,kieh ,,or ,,yang ,,& ,,y9 is a circle sep>at$ by two semicircles into comet-%ap$ halves4 ,di/9ctly a ,*9ese symbol & f\nd 9 ,*9ese1 ,tibetan1 & ,turkoman textiles4 ,us$ z a *>m & f\nd 9 decorations on all sorts ( articles4 ,illu/ration3 ,yang & ,y9 ,,t>antula4--,a design :i* has be5 s modifi$ z to almo/ obscure ! resemblance4 ,x is almo/ omnipres5t 9 all ( ! ,caucasian fabrics1 especially ! ,kazaks1 ,kabi/ans1 & ,%irvans4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #bdh47 ,illu/ration3 ,t>antula ,,tekke ,,bord] ,,designs4--,two =ms1 "o a sort ( a d\ble ,t bord]1 ! o!r a diagonal arrangem5t ( ! ,indian fi% bone4 7,see d\bletones at pp4 #bhj & #bhd47 ,illu/ration3 ,tekke bord] design ,,tekke ,,field ,,design4--,a repetition ( a ,y-%ap$ design4 ,f\nd only 9 ! ,tekke rugs1 especially ^? ( ! pray] v>iety4 7,see d\bletone at p4 #bhd47 ,illu/ration3 ,tekke field design ,,tomoye owes its orig9 to "s anci5t conception ( elem5tal =ces4 ,x has be5 adopt$ by ,korea & ,japan z a national & h]aldic cre/4 ,frequ5tly us$ 9 ,mongolian ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,tomoye ,,tortoise ,,or ,,turtle ,,bord] ,,design4--,a design 9 :i* ! figure ( ! tortoise is array$ 9 a mann] simil> to t ( ! ,h]ati bord] design4 ,9 ,*9a ! tortoise /&s = longevity & immortality4 ,9 ,india x is also auspici\s inasmu* z x repres5ts ! second inc>nation ( ,vi%nu :]e x supports ! e>? on its back4 7,see d\bletones at pp4 #agh & #bjb47 ,illu/ration3 ,tortoise ( turtle bord] design ,,tree4--,sometimes call$ ! tree ( life4 ,always associat$ ) religi\s belief4 ,x symbolizes ,div9e p[] & p]petual life4 ,x has furni%$ m diff]5t art motives ?an any o!r object & is almo/ omnipres5t 9 ,p]sian pray] rugs4 ,! palm signifies a bless+ or b5$iction1 ! weep+ will[ /&s = dea?1 & ! cypress1 :ile be+ an emblem ( m\rn+1 9 its p]5nial fre%ness & ! durability ( its wood1 is also a v practical symbol ( ! life to come4 ,x is an ,ori5tal cu/om to plant cypress trees on ! graves ( ! dead1 to place its twigs 9 ! c(f9s ( ! dead1 & to use its bran*es to indicate ! h\ses ( m\rn+4 7,see frontispiece & d\bletone at p4 #ii47 ,9 ,india ! cocoanut palm is consid]$ ! tree ( desire or "o t fulfils all desires4 ,its /em s]ves z a pill> or beam1 z a wat] conduit & z fuel2 its leaves supply mats = ro(+ ! h\ses2 its k]nel supplies oil2 its %ell makes wat] b[ls1 & ! oil ( ! %ell is us$ z an ext]nal application 9 c]ta9 sk9 affections1 etc4 ,x is all useful & supplies all ! primitive wants & !re=e 0 mu* cultivat$ by ! ,ri%is 7,sa9ts7 ( old1 :o call$ x kalpa t>u1 lit]ally ! tree t supplies all desires4 ,its pres5ce !re=e is auspici\s4 7,see color plate at p4 #bb2 also d\bletones at pp4 #dh1 #ih1 #baj1 #bbj1 & #bbb47 ,illu/ration3 ,tree ,,trefoil1 ,,reciprocal1 see ,reciprocal ,trefoil4 ,,trellis1 see ,lattice4 ,,triangle4--,scores ( ,turki% patt]ns may be trac$ f ! triangle4 ,x is frequ5tly f\nd tattoo$ ^u ! body ( ! ,turks z a talisman4 ,frequ5tly appe>s z a design 9 ! ,daghe/ans4 ,9 ,india x repres5ts "m e>? & is v auspici\s4 ,,turki% ,,coat ,,( ,,arms1 see ,coat ( ,arms1 ,turki%4 ,,turtle1 see ,tortoise4 ,,tw9 ,,fi%1 see ,h]ati4 ,,umbrella4--,a ,buddhi/ symbol :i* is occasionally f\nd 9 ,*9ese rugs4 ,,urn1 see ,vase4 ,,vase ,,or ,,urn4--,a ,buddhi/ symbol occasionally f\nd 9 ,*9ese decoration4 7,see d\bletone at pp4 #baj & #bab2 also color plate at p4 #bb47 ,,vulture4--,indian1 dea?4 ,,wat] ,,cre/1 see ,me&]1 ,greek4 ,,:eel4--,a ,buddhi/ symbol :i* is sacr$ to ,vi%nu1 :o holds x 9 8 h&4 ,x also symbolizes ! :eel ( ! law4 ,f\nd 9 ,*9ese ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,w9e-glass bord] design ,,w9e-,,glass ,,bord]4--,a bord] :i* resembles a w9e glass & is especially common 9 ! ,caucasian textiles1 p>ticul>ly ! ,kazaks & ,%irvans4 ,x appe>s 9 v>i\s =ms1 b ! mo/ common is ! "o 9 comb9ation ) ! fi%-bone design4 7,see color plate at p4 #bib47 ,illu/ration3 ,,konieh ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #e'f #c'h ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,dr4 ,a4 ,,clif=d ,,m]c]1 ,,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 7,see page #bbf7 ,,w+$ ,,globe ,,or ,,disc4--,an ,egyptian design consi/+ ( a small ball1 on ! sides ( :i* are two asps ) ext5d$ w+s1 express+ by ^! ext5d$ w+s ! p[] ( protection af=d$ by ! ,egyptian gov]nm5t4 ,also an emblem ( religi\s s9c]ity & appreciation ( b5efits d]iv$ f ,god4 ,illu/ration3 ,w+$ globe ,,wolf4--,*9ese1 +ratitude1 he>tlessness4 ,9 ,india x is inauspici\s & is nev] drawn or embroid]$ on fabrics4 ,y ,,=m 7a bord] design74--,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s ( ! ,mongolian patt]ns & figures l>gely 9 ! decoration ( ,*9ese rugs4 ,see also ,tekke ,field ,design4 ,illu/ration3 ,y =m ,,yang ,,& ,,y91 see ,tae-kieh4 ,,zigzag1 see ,me&]1 ,greek4 ,illu/ration3 #a-ah1 ,"s nameless ,p]sian bord] designs4 ,illu/ration3 #ai-cf1 ,"s nameless ,turki% bord] designs4 ,illu/ration3 #cg-ed1 ,"s nameless ,caucasian bord] designs4 ,illu/ration3 #ee1 #ef1 #eg ,turkoman bord] designs4 ,illu/ration3 #eh1 #ei ,*9ese bord] designs4 ,illu/ration3 #fj1 ,a ,*9ese field design4 ,illu/ration3 #fa1 ,kurdi% field designs4 ,illu/ration3 #fb1 ,caucasian field designs4 ,illu/ration3 #fc1 ,turki% field designs4 ,illu/ration3 #fd1 ,p]sian field designs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kazak ,,rug ,size #f'c #d'h ,,prop]ty ,,( ,s4 ,f4 ,,hipes1 ,,tr9idad1 ,,col4 ,knot3 ,ghiordes4 ,n9e to ! in* v]tically & eight horizontally1 mak+ sev5ty-two to ! squ>e in*4 ,"o w seldom see a m beautiful & m glossy piece1 especially among ! ,caucasian fabrics1 & nei!r ! mat]ial nor dyes c be excell$4 ,! black 9 ! backgr\nd is ( natural black %eep's wool cov]$ ) all sorts ( animals1 birds & symbols1 mo/ ( :i* are 9 a ri* rose color4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe consi/s ( ! crab design 9 subdu$ tones ( yell[1 blue & r$ ) m or less :ite4 7,see page #bgb7 ,,! ,,id5tification ,,( ,,rugs ,! "o ?+ desir$ by ^? :o are j beg9n+ ! /udy ( ,ori5tal rugs is ! ability to readily id5tify !m4 ,realiz+ ?is1 ! au?or has includ$ a *apt] on ! id5tification ( rugs :i* conta9s _m features new to rug lit]ature & :i*1 he tru/s1 w greatly simplify & r5d] easy ! process ( id5tification2 b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t c]ta9 rugs are mu* m easily di/+ui%$ ?an o!rs & t at times ev5 ! connoisseur is puzzl$4 ,ori5tal rugs are id5tifi$ n alone by _! designs & colors1 b by _! mat]ial1 texture & f9i%1 !re=e1 !re is giv5 fir/1 a li/ ( ^? :i* are di/+ui%able by _! out/&+ or prom95t *>act]i/ics2 second1 reproductions ( ! backs ( ^? rugs :i* are *>act]i/ic 9 _! appe>ance1 & ?ird1 an exhau/ive *>t giv+ complete details z to weave1 mat]ial1 texture & f9i% ( ea* v>iety ( rug4 ,! *apt] on ,design1 :i* prec$es ?is1 is ! mo/ complete consid]ation ev] giv5 to ?is detail ( rug mak+1 & its num]\s descriptions & draw+s w enable ! read] to id5tify1 ) reasonable c]ta9ty1 rugs by ?is feature alone4 ,! num]\s pictures ( ! repres5tative types ( rugs w also famili>ize ! read]s ) _m di/+ui%+ patt]ns1 :ile ! *apt]s 9 ,"p ,,ii take up & ga!r toge!r all ( ! v>i\s features ( ea* k9d ( rug ^u ! m>ket1 s arrang$ & describ$ t a cle> & compreh5sive idea ( x w be =m$ 9 ! m9d ( ! read]4 ,a ,,few ,,*>act]i/ic ,,features ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,rugs ,nam$ 9 ! ord] ( _! importance & giv5 to assi/ ! read] 9 diff]5tiat+1 al?\gh few are absolute crit]ions4 ,,h]ez4--,*>act]i/ic angul> ornam5tation2 %ad$ backgr\nd 7see d\bletone1 page #agb74 ,,k>a ,,dagh4--,! pile conta9s consid]able natural color$ camels' hair4 ,,tabriz4--,almo/ inv>iably a m$allion c5tre 7see d\bletone1 page #ahb74 ,v frequ5tly curl on ! sides4 ,,bij>4--,consid]able camels' hair 9 ! field4 ,,k]man%ah4--,colors s(t & light2 sides ov]ca/ ) d>k wool4 ,,s5na4--,*>act]i/ic weave 7see plate on weaves1 page #aeb72 pe> design & ,h]ati field & bord] design v common2 pole m$allion 7see d\bletone1 page #ahh74 ,,f]aghan4--,h]ati bord] & field design 9 ! great majority 7see d\bletones1 pages #aad & #aij74 ,,hamadan4--,broad outside b& ( natural color$ camels' hair2 pole m$allion ne>ly always a prom95t feature 7see d\bletones1 pages #aaj & #aib74 ,,s>ab& 7,,mir74--,! *>act]i/ic ,s>ab& bord] /ripe2 field consi/+ ( ! pe> design 9 r[s ) ! /ems ( alt]nate r[s turn$ 9 ! opposite direction2 light blue web 7see d\bletone1 page #aih74 ,,s>uk4--,ov]ca/ ) silk or d>k wool2 ,h]ati bord] designs2 intricate floral designs2 frequ5tly curl$ on ! sides 7see color plate1 page #aff74 ,,sultanabad4--,g5]ally l>ge scroll & floral patt]n 7see d\bletone ( ,mahal1 page #bjb74 ,,niris4--,madd] r$ pr$om9ates2 pe> patt]n common4 ,,%iraz4--,sides ov]ca/ ) wool ( two colors2 pole m$allion a prom95t feature2 little tassels ( wool frequ5tly along ! sides2 /r& ( color$ y>n 9 web 7see color plate1 page #eb1 & d\bletones1 pages #bjf & #bjh74 ,,h]at4--,h]ati bord] & field designs common2 pe> designs 9 field ) /ems all turn$ 9 ! same direction4 ,,khorasan 7,,me%$74--,unev5 di/ribution ( wo( ?reads 7see plate on weave1 page #aeb74 ,two small pe>s re/+ _! /ems ^u a l>g] "o is "o ( ! common designs4 ,h]ati bord] & field also common4 ,mag5ta a prom95t color 7see color plates1 pages #bb & #cb74 ,,kirman4--,b\quets & vases 9 design mo/ frequ5t 7see d\bletone1 page #bab74 ,,kurdi/an4--,"o or two /r&s ( color$ wool 9 web ( "o end2 ov]ca/ ) y>n ( diff]5t colors2 %ad+ ( colors4 ,,kir ,,%ehr4---,_m h sev]al tufts ( wool compos$ ( all ! diff]5t color$ y>ns :i* are us$ 9 ! body ( ! rug4 ,,ghiordes4--,! fr+e on ! upp] end1 z a rule1 in/ead ( be+ a cont9uation ( ! w>p ?reads1 is a sep>ate piece sew$ on4 ,x also usually has two cross panels1 "o above & "o bel[ ! pray] field 7see color plate1 page #ff74 ,,ladik4--,wide r$ web /rip$ ) yell[ or blue2 figures l>ge 9 comp>ison to ! size ( ! rug2 mag5ta freely employ$4 ,,yuruk4--,bord] n>r[ 9 proportion to size ( rug4 ,,b]gama4--,designs g5]ally broad & l>ge 9 proportion to rug 7see d\bletones1 pages #df & #bcf72 frequ5tly small tassels ( wool along ! sides ( ! rug2 sev]al wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots & a wide web :i* frequ5tly c>ries a design or rosettes :i* are wov5 94 ,,kulah4--,! ,kulah bord] design ne>ly always 9 "o or m ( ! /ripes2 ! ends are g5]ally dy$ yell[2 a l>ge numb] ( n>r[ bord] /ripes :i* are fill$ ) m9ute designs1 usually ! fleck4 ,a fill$ or p>tly fill$ c5tre field2 usually "o cross panel 7see d\bletone1 page #bdj74 ,,meles4--,field is frequ5tly compos$ ( p]p5dicul> /ripes ( yell[1 r$ & blue ) zigzag l9es or peculi> angul> designs runn+ ?r\gh !m 7see d\bletone1 page #bdb74 ,,mosul4--,"o or m /r&s ( color$ y>n run ?r\gh ! selvage1 usually r$ & blue4 ,,daghe/an4--,diagonal ornam5tations ( bo? field & bord]2 all spaces well fill$ ) a small geometrical design 7see color plates1 pages #hd & #bib1 also d\bletones1 pages #bed & #bef74 ,,d]b5d4--,yell[ lavi%ly us$2 field likely to consi/ ( a repetition ( designs 9 alt]nate colors4 ,,t*et*54--,! *>act]i/ic ,t*et*5 7,*i*i7 bord] design is ne>ly always f\nd 7see d\bletone1 page #bfj74 ,,baku4--,small /r& ( camels' hair crosses "o end4 ,,%emakha4--,pileless2 loose %aggy y>n ends on ! "u side 7see plate ( weaves at page #aec74 ,,g5ghis4---,field (t5 fill$ ) ! pe> design1 ea* r[ alt]nat+ 9 color 7see design on page #bfh74 ,,kazak4--,f two to six wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots2 diagonal position ( pile 7see plate on weaves1 page #aeb74 ,palace design commonly employ$4 ,bold figures & bright colors 7see d\bletone1 page #bgb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,tekke ,,bokh>a ,,/rip ,size #a'b ,x #d'aa ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,! ,,au?or 7,see page #bhd7 ,,khiva4--,l>ge deta*$ octagon & diamond =ms2 goats' hair w>p 7see d\bletone1 page #bgh74 ,,tekke4--,small deta*$ octagon & diamond =ms 7see d\bletone1 page #bhb74 ,,yomud4--,*eck]-bo>d effect ( selvage on ! sides2 /r&s ( color$ wool 9 ! web 7see d\bletone1 page #bhf74 ,,y>k&4--,g5]ally f\r /r&s ( wo( betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,,sam>k&4--,"o or m circles ( happ9ess2 ?ree or f\r wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots2 lavi% use ( yell[ & ,bokh>a r$2 designs mo/ly ,*9ese 7see d\bletone1 page #bij74 ,,belu*i/an4--,sides frequ5tly f9i%$ 9 horse hair2 d>k subdu$ colors4 ,if !re is any :ite x is ne>ly always 9 "o ( ! bord] /ripes 7see d\bletone1 page #bif74 ,by c>efully consult+ ^! *>act]i/ics & ! *>t ( di/+ui%+ features x ought to be a comp>atively easy matt] to take up almo/ any rug & "n x aft] a few mom5ts' reflection4 ,to illu/rate1 try y\r skill on ! foll[+ description3 ,knot--,s5na1 weave close & r[s ( knots v unev52 w>p & wo( bo? ( undy$ cotton4 ,pile ( v f9e wool1 %ort & upright2 ends bo? h n>r[ :ite webs ?r\gh :i* runs a /r& ( p>ti-color$ y>n4 ,!re is also a fr+e ( loose w>p ends4 ,! sides are ov]ca/ ) silk4 ,!re is a diamond-%ap$ pole m$allion ^u a field :i* is cov]$ ) a m9ute ,h]ati design2 ! colors are subdu$ %ades ( r$1 blue1 gre51 yell[ & old rose ) m or less :ite4 ,aft] consult+ ! table ( di/+ui%+ features y w f9d t ! ,s5na knot excludes all ,caucasian & ,turki% fabrics2 ! cotton w>p & wo( excludes all ,turkoman fabrics except+ ! ,ka%g> & ! ,y>k&4 ,! ov]ca/+ ( ! sides1 z well z ! ,h]ati design1 excludes ^! two1 !re=e x mu/ belong to ! ,p]sian class4 ,a great _m ( ?is class are ti$ ) ! ,s5na knot2 h cotton w>p & wo(2 a %ort1 upright wool pile & n>r[ webs ) loose w>p ends1 b only two are ev] ov]ca/ ) silk1 namely ! ,s5na & ! ,s>uk4 ,^u ref]r+ to ! *>act]i/ic features m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is *apt] 7page #adh7 y w see t ! ,h]ati design is common to bo? ( ^! rugs1 b t ! unev5 weave1 ! pole m$allion & ! /r& ( color$ y>n 9 ! web are all ,s5na features1 !re=e y h a ,s5na4 ,a ?or\gh k ( designs & colors w\ld h enabl$ y to "n ! piece at fir/ sight1 z w\ld also ! "* ( ! weave 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance4 ,mo/ ( ! pray] rugs may be accurately classifi$ by consult+ ! *>t illu/rat+ rug ni*es 7page #cbb71 :ile ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t ,ghileems may be f\nd 9 ! *apt] on ,ghileems4 ,illu/ration3 ,*>act]i/ic ,backs ( ,rugs ,illu/ration3 ,,*>act]i/ic ,,backs ,,( ,,rugs ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,! ,,backs ,,( ,,"s ,,rugs ,,%[+ ,,_! ,,*>act]i/ic ,,weaves ,! au?or has endeavor$ to include 9 ?is gr\p ( pictures "o ( e rug :i* has a di/9ct *>act]i/ic weave4 ,!re are _m rugs1 ! weaves ( :i* diff] s m9utely t _! reproduction on pap] w\ld be ( no mat]ial help4 ,! details ( ea* picture are ( ! same size z ! rug f :i* x 0 tak5 & ea* "o is pres5t$ ) ! w>p ?reads runn+ up & d[n4 ,?is idea ( comp>ison w\ld be ev5 m valuable 7 x possible to procure pictures ( pieces only :i* h ! same numb] ( knots to ! squ>e in*4 ,a magnify+ glass w aid mat]ially 9 br++ out ! m9ute details4 ,,no4 #a4 ,,khorasan4--,twelve knots to ! in* v]tically1 & six horizontally4 ,?is peculi> weave is due to ! fact t sev]al r[s ( knots are ti$ ) no wo( ?read to sep>ate !m2 !n two or ?ree /r&s ( ! wo( are ?r[n 91 "o aft] ! o!r1 foll[$ by sev]al m r[s ( knots4 ,?is me?od ( weav+ is a ,khorasan feature4 ,,no4 #b4 ,,s5na4--,eighte5 ,s5na knots to ! in* v]tically1 & eighte5 horizontally4 ,notice ! clos5ess & irregul>ity ( ! r[s ( knots4 ,contra/ ! appe>ance ( ?is ) t ( ! ,s>uk 7,no4 #c7 :i* is ti$ ) ! same k9d ( knot & has v ne>ly ! same numb] to ! squ>e in*4 ,,no4 #c4 ,,s>uk4--,fifte5 ,s5na knots to ! in* v]tically1 & sixte5 horizontally4 ,"o ( ! mo/ closely & mo/ ev5ly wov5 ( ! ,ori5tal fabrics4 ,9 ?is illu/ration ! r[s ( knots c easily be c\nt$ horizontally1 b x is almo/ impossible to c\nt !m v]tically unless we foll[ ! /ripe-l arrangem5t 9 ! /raight oblique outl9es ( "s ( ! designs4 ,,no4 #d4 ,,kazak4--,six ,ghiordes knots to ! in* v]tically1 & n9e horizontally4 ,notice ! wide spac+ betwe5 ea* r[4 ,?is is due to ! great numb] ( wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[1 a *>act]i/ic ( ! ,kazak4 ,?is cut beautifully illu/rates ! appe>ance ( ! ,ghiordes knot on ! back4 ,note t ea* "o has two loops z comp>$ ) ! "o loop 9 ! ,s5na knot1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,no4 #c4 ,,no4 #e4 ,,s>ab&4--,t5 ,s5na knots to ! in* v]tically & t5 horizontally4 ,! :ite or light blue wo( ?reads are di/9ctly se5 9 ea* r[1 ev5 9 ^? :i* are closely wov54 ,! spaces betwe5 ! r[s v>y a little 9 places1 giv+ x an appe>ance some:at simil> to ! ,khorasan weave4 ,,no4 #f4 ,,daghe/an4--,eight ,ghiordes knots to ! in* v]tically1 & eight horizontally4 ,?is piece has ! same numb] ( knots to ! squ>e in* z does ! ,*9ese 7,no4 #g71 &1 al?\gh ( a diff]5t k9d1 ! appe>ance ( ! weave is q simil>4 ,,no4 #g4 ,,*9ese4--,n9e knots to ! in* v]tically1 & n9e horizontally4 ,! spiral appe>ance ( ! color$ r[s ( knots & ! :ite wo( ?reads give x a look q simil> to t ( ! ,daghe/an 7,no4 #f74 ,,no4 #h4 ,,m]ve ,,ghileem4--,eight /it*es to ! in*4 ,comp>e ! diff]5ce 9 weave to t ( ! ,kurdi% ghileem 7,no4 #i74 ,! colors ( ! latt] are always at "r angles to or ) ! w>p & wo( ?reads1 :ile t ( ! =m] is diagonal to ! w>p & wo( ?reads4 ,?is me?od ( weav+ gives ! ,m]ve few] & small] op5 spaces4 ,,no4 #i4 ,,kurdi% ,,ghileem4--,notice ! _m op5 spaces1 also ! loose y>n ends1 a *>act]i/ic ( ?is class ( ghileems4 ,,no4 #aj4 ,,%emakha 7co>se74--,eight /it*es to ! in*4 ,%[+ ! front ( ! rug 9 ord] to illu/rate ! ,%emakha weave1 :i* is a flat weave & yet q diff]5t f t ( ! ghileems4 ,note its braid$ appe>ance4 ,,no4 #aa4 ,,%emakha 7co>se74--,back ( ! same rug z %[n 9 ,no4 #aj4 ,note ! quantity ( loose y>n ends4 ,,no4 #ab4 ,,%emakha 7f9e74--,t5 /it*es to ! in*4 ,note ! diff]5ce 9 ! numb] ( loose y>n ends 9 ?is piece comp>$ ) ^? 9 ! co>sely wov5 fabrics 7,no4 #aa74 ,,*>t ,,%[+ ,,! ,,di/+ui%+ ,,features ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,rugs 7left side7 ,column ,key ---------- ,a7 ,ghiordes ,j7 ,wool ,b7 ,s5na ,k7 ,cotton ,c7 ,wool ,l7 ,goat's ,hair ,d7 ,cotton ,m7 ,camel's ,hair ,e7 ,goat's ,hair ,n7 ,silk ,f7 ,camel's ,hair ,o7 ,l95 ,g7 ,silk ,p7 ,dy$ ,h7 ,l95 ,q7 ,extra ,?r'ds ,i7 ,dy$ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- ,knot ,w>p ,wo( ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ,k ,l,m,n,o ,q ,r ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,p]sian ,,bakh%is ,o ,r ,a ,a ,ob ,,gorevan ,o ,r ,a ,a ,ob ,s]api ,o ,r ,a ,a ,ob ,,k>a ,,dagh ,a ,a ,r ,r ,or ,r ,,ka%an ,a ,r ,o ,o ,r ,o,o ,,s\j ,,bulak ,a ,r ,o ,r ,o ,,tabriz ,s ,r ,r ,o ,o ,o ,r ,o ,,bij> ,a ,ah ,rh ,o ,,k]man%ah ,s ,r ,a ,a ,ob ,,s5na ,a ,r ,o ,o ,o ,r ,o,o ,,f]aghan ,mo4,o,an4,a ,a ,s ,r ,o ,mo4,r ,,hamadan ,a ,a ,o ,r ,o ,,ispahan ,a ,a ,a ,,jo%aghan ,a ,a ,a ,,s>ab& ,mo4,r,an4,a ,a ,a ,flb ,mo4,o ,,s>uk ,a ,r ,o ,r ,o ,,sultanabad ,r ,o ,a ,a ,,mahal ,r ,o ,a ,a ,,muskabad ,r ,o ,a ,a ,,niris ,a ,a ,a ,,%iraz ,f ,r ,an4,a ,mo4,f ,a ,r ,f ,mo4,r ,,h]at ,r ,s ,o ,r ,an4 ,o ,r ,rb ,rs ,,khorasan ,a ,a ,o ,r ,a ,,me%$ ,s ,r ,o ,r ,r ,o ,,kirman ,a ,a ,r ,o ,,kurdi/an ,a ,r ,o ,rg ,r ,o,o ,rborg ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,turki% ,,kir ,,%ehr ,a ,a ,r ,a ,r ,,ou%ak ,a ,a ,r ,a ,r ,,k>aman ,a ,ac ,rr ,a ,rr ,,konieh ,a ,a ,rpc ,a ,,mujur ,a ,a ,a ,ar ,,ladik ,a ,a ,rr ,a ,r ,,yuruk ,a ,r ,o ,rb ,r ,o ,rb ,,ak ,,hiss> ,a ,ac ,ac ,,anatolian ,a ,a ,a ,r ,,b]gama ,a ,a ,rr ,a ,rw ,,ghiordes ,a ,an4,r,an4,o ,an4 ,o ,o ,r ,s ,mo4,a ,,kulah ,a ,a ,an4,a,mo4,o ,mo4,r ,,meles ,a ,a ,r ,o ,r ,,makri ,a ,a ,a ,,smyrna ,a ,ac ,ac ,r ,,mosul ,a ,r ,o ,o ,rd ,rc ,o ,rgorb ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,caucasian ,,daghe/an ,a ,r ,o ,rg ,an4,r,mo4,r ,f ,mo4,o,an4,o ,,d]b5d ,a ,r ,f ,rb ,a ,r ,,kabi/an ,a ,r ,o ,o ,r ,,t*et*5 ,a ,r ,o ,a ,rb ,,baku ,a ,r ,o ,f ,o ,r ,,%emakha ,a ,a ,,%irvan ,a ,r ,o ,o ,mo4b ,r ,o g or pc ,,g5ghis ,a ,r ,f b4g ,a ,fb1r,r or r or g ,,k>abagh ,a ,a ,a ,fr ,r ,,kazak ,a ,a ,a ,rr ,r or b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,turkoman ,,khiva ,a ,r ,f ,rd ,r ,f ,rg or ,,be%ir ,o ,r ,r ,o ,r ,o d ,,tekke ,a ,a ,a ,rr or b ,,yomud ,o ,r ,r ,f ,rb ,r ,f ,rr ,,ka%g> ,a ,a ,a ,,y>k& ,a ,o ,r ,o ,r ,r ,,sam>k& ,s ,r ,r ,o ,o ,rb or ,r ,o ,o ,rb or,r y y ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,belu*i/an ,a ,r ,o ,a ,rd ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,*9ese ,o ,r ,o ,r ,r ,o ,rd ,r ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,*>t ,,%[+ ,,! ,,di/+ui%+ ,,features ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,rugs 7"r side7 ,column ,key ---------- a7 ,wool j7 ,n>r[ ,web r7 ,ov]ca/ b7 ,cotton k7 ,wide ,web s7 ,selvag$ c7 ,goat's ,hair l7 ,hemm$ ,web d7 ,camel's ,hair m7 ,p>ti-color$ ,/r&s 9 ,web e7 ,silk n7 ,dy$ ,web f7 ,%ort o7 ,loose ,w>p ,ends g7 ,m$ium p7 ,braid$ ,w>p ,ends h7 ,long q7 ,knott$ ,w>p ,ends i7 ,texture ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,pile ,ends ,sides ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,a ,f ,r ,c ,a ,r ,o ,r ,s ,a ,f ,r ,c ,a ,r ,o ,r ,s ,a ,f ,r ,c ,a ,r ,o ,r ,s ,r ,o ,o ,r f ,r ,r oe ,rr ,r ,o ,r ,r ,o ,a f ,a ,a ,a ,a ,o ,r fl tu,r ,r ,r oe ,a ,a ,a fu ,a ,o ,o ,a ,an4,r,an4,s ,mo4,o,mo4,r ,r ,o ,r ,f tu ,a ,r oe ,r oe ,a ,a ,r ,o f ,a ,a ,a ,a ,a fu ,a ,o ,a ,a ,fs ,r ,f ,an4,r,mo4,r ,a ,o ,a oe ,a ,r ,fpa ,r ,f ,r oe ,r oe ,f ,a ,a ,a f ,a ,a ,a ,a ,o ,r ,a ,a ,a ,a ,a fu ,a ,o ,rlb ,a oe ,a ,a ,a fu ,a ,o ,a ,a ,fds ,a ,o ,r ,c ,a ,a ,a ,a ,o ,r ,c ,a ,a ,a ,a ,o ,r ,c ,a ,a ,a ,a ,r ,o ,o ,r ,r ,a ,a ,r ,f ,rh ,a ,em ,rr ,a ,a ,rpc ,a ,o ,r ,a ,rb ,a ,a ,a ,f ,r fl ,a ,a ,r ,oad ,a ,r ,f fl ,a ,a ,a ,a ,a fu ,a ,a ,a ,r ,o ,o ,o ,r tu ,a ,f oe,a gorb,r oe ,r iw ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,a ,s ,o ,r fl ,a ,r ,r ,o ,r ,o ad ,a ,r ,o fl ,r ,rg or ,r ,r ,o r ,a ,r ,o ,c ,r ,o ,rr ,r ,r ,o ,a ,o ,an4,r,mo4,r fl ,a ,a ,mo4,r,an4,r ,an4,o,mo4,o ,a ,r ,r ,rr ,r ,a ,a ,r ,o fl ,a ,rr ,r ,a w ad ,r ,fha ,r ,o fl ,a ,rb ,f ,r ,o ,rh ,rgh ,rgh ,mo4,r ,mo4,f ,f ,r fl ,a ,a ,r ,o ,an4,a ,r ,o ,r ,o fl ,o ,r ,rw ,o ,r ,ah ,a ,o ,r fl ,a ,rr ,o ,r ,aw ,r ,o ,mo4,a ,an4,r f ,a ,an4,r ,mo4,r ,a ad ,mo4,s s ,r ,o ,an4,r ,o ,mo4,r ,a ,ry ,a ,mo4,r,an4,a ad ,mo4,o ,a ,r ,o ,o ,a ,a ,a ad ic ,a ,o ,r ,o ,r ,r ,o ,o ,r ,a ,r ,f fl ,a ,r ,r ,o ,r ,f ,o ,r ,f fl ,a ,o ,r ,a oe,o ,o ,r ,o ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,a ,o ,r ,a ,rg ,r ,r ,o ,r ,a ,o ,r ,r ,o ,rb ,r ,r ,r ,o ,a ,r ,o ,a ,r ic ,r iw ,r ,o ,a ,r ,o ,a ,rb ,r ,r ,o ,r ,r ,o ,fpa ,f ,r ,a ,r ,r ,o p ,r ,r ,r ,o ,r ,a ,r ,o ,r ,rb ,r ,r ,r ,o ,r ,o ,f ,r ,o ,rh ,o g4 r4 ,r ,o ,rh or b ,r ,o ,o ,r ,a ,r ,rr ,r oe ,mo4,r,an4,r oe or b ,an ,o ,a ,o ,r fl ,a ,o ,rr ,r oe ,o ,o ,r w oe or b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,r ,o ,f ,r f ,o ,r ,r ,rd ,a ,ah ,r ,o ,r ,r ,rr ,r ,o ,a ,r ,o ,o ,r ,o fu ,f ,r ,rd ,a ,r ,o ,r ,o ,f ,r ,a ,r ,rr ,a ,a or b ,rpc ,r ,o ,o ,r ,r ,o ,a ,a ad ,r ,o ,o ,r ,r ,o ,a ,a ad ,r ,o ,r ,o ,c ,o ,r ,rb or ,o ,r ,r ,mo4,r,an4,r y ,an4,o,mo4,o ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,r ,f ,o ,o ,r ,o ,a ,f ,rd ,mo4,o,an4,a ,o hh ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,r ,o ,f ,r ,c ,a ,r ,mo4,r,an4,r ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,explanation ( ,symbols3 ,a always2 ,r z a rule2 ,f frequ5tly2 ,o occasionally2 ,s seldom2 ,an4 antiques2 ,mo4 mod]ns2 em embroid]$2 ad add$2 c co>se2 f f9e2 fl fluffy2 h heavy2 t ?ick2 w wide2 u upright2 oe "o end2 pa "p2 p pileless2 pc p>ti-color$2 g gray2 lb light blue2 y yell[2 r r$2 d d>k2 b br[n2 bl black2 ic if cotton2 iw if wool2 gh goats' hair2 hh horse hair2 s silk4 ,f ! =ego+ table ! foll[+ facts may be advantage\sly emphasiz$1 viz3 7#a7 ,comp>atively few rugs are ti$ ) ! ,s5na knot1 & ^! are mo/ly ( ! ,p]sian & ,turkoman classes4 7#b7 ,all ,p]sian & ,caucasian rugs are ti$ ) ! ,ghiordes knot4 7#c7 ,mo/ ( ! f9e/ ,p]sian rugs h cotton w>p & wo(1 & are ti$ ) ! ,s5na knot4 7#d7 ,! ,kurdi/an is ! only "o ( ! ,p]sian classification :i* ev] has a dy$ w>p1 b _m ( !m h a dy$ wo(4 7#f7 ,! ,turki% & ,caucasian rugs1 z a rule1 h a wool w>p & wo(4 7#g7 ,! ,p]sians ne>ly all h n>r[ webs1 ) ! exception ( ! ,niris & ! ,%iraz1 :i* h wide ones4 7#h7 ,all ,turki% rugs h n>r[ webs1 ) ! exception ( ! ,k>aman1 ! ,ladik & ! ,b]gama1 :i* h wide ones4 7#i7 ,z a rule ! ,caucasians h n>r[ webs1 & ! ,turkoman h wide ones4 7#aj7 ,! knott$ w>p ends are f\nd especially among ! ,caucasian rugs4 7#aa7 ,z a rule ! ,p]sians are ov]ca/ on ! sides1 & ! ,turki% & ,turkoman are selvag$1 :ile ! ,caucasians are z mu* "o way z ! o!r4 7#ab7 ,! l5g? ( ! pile is ( v little assi/ance 9 classify+4 ,,"p ,,ii ,illu/ration3 ,,%irvan ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,lib]ty ,,co41 ,,london1 ,,engl& ,( a r unusual color comb9ation = a ,caucasian product1 drab1 light & d>k blue be+ ! only colors ( mu* prom95ce4 ,! diamond m$allions 9 ! field & ! b>b] pole /ripe 9 ! bord] are f\nd 9 rugs ( ne>ly e class b m especially 9 ! ,caucasian fabrics4 ,note ! num]\s small animal & bird =ms scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! field4 7,see page #bfe7 ,,g5]al ,,classification ,9 ! g5]al m>ket are f\nd ov] fifty diff]5t k9ds ( rugs1 mo/ ( :i* are nam$ aft] ! t[ns or di/ricts 9 :i* !y are made1 f :i* !y are m>ket$1 or aft] ! p :o make !m4 ,!re is g5]ally also "s slight diff]5ce 9 ! weave1 ! mat]ial1 ! color1 ! design or ! f9i%1 :i* gives ea* class its di/+ui%+1 te*nical "*4 ,( late ye>s1 h[ev]1 !re has be5 su* an int]m+l+ ( races & transmission ( ideas f "o c\ntry to ano!r1 t ev5 ! exp]t is (t5 unable to id5tify a rug ) ! place 9 :i* x 0 made4 ,!re is occasionally a deal] :o has _m ( 8 own names :i* he uses to ! ext9ction ( all o!rs & "s ( ! names us$ 9 ,we/]n c\ntries w\ld n be recogniz$ 9 ! c\ntries f :i* ! rugs come4 ,"u su* circum/ances classification becomes r difficult & x is n to be wond]$ at t au?orities sometimes disagree4 ,import]s & deal]s 9 ,ori5tal rugs w\ld f9d x greatly to _! advantage if !y _h a /rict rug nom5clature bas$ on facts & if !y disc\nt5anc$ ev]y?+ 9 ! trade :i* t5d$ t[>ds *>latanism or inspir$ di/ru/ 9 ! m9ds ( buy]s4 ,9 ! classification to foll[ we w consid] rugs f a geographical /&-po9t4 ,to beg91 we w consid] !m 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 #a/1 ,p]sian2 #bnd1 ,turki%2 #crd1 ,caucasian2 #d?1 ,turkoman2 #e?1 ,belu*i/an2 & #f?1 ,*9ese4 ,no ref]5ce w be made to ,indian rugs = ! reason t1 outside ( ! fact t !y are made 9 ,india1 !y c n[adays h>dly claim a "r to be class$ z ,ori5tal products1 inasmu* z !y are :olly mod]n creations made m]ely ^u a trade basis1 (t5 by ma*9]y1 & aft] designs furni%$ by ,am]ican & ,european design]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bokh>a ,,camel ,,bag ,,half ,size #d' #b'aj ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,/anton1 ,,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 7,see page #bhd7 ,bakh%is ,h]ez ,gorevan ,s]api 7a7 ,az]bijan ,k>a ,dagh 7b7 ,ka%an ,s\j-,bulak 7c7 ,tabriz ,bij>1 ,s>akhs1 7d7 ,lule 7e7 ,ardelan ,k]man%ah ,s5na 7c7 ,f]aghan 7f7 ,hamadan ,,p]sian ,,or ,ispahan ,,iranian ,irak-,ajemi ,jo%aghan 7g7 ,s>ab& 7h7 ,s>uk ,sultanabad ,mahal 7i7 ,muskabad 7i7 ,f>si/an or ,f>s ,niris1 ,l>i/an 7j7 ,%iraz ,h]at 7k7 ,khorasan ,khorasan prop] ,me%$ ,kirman ,kirman ,ea/]n ,kurdi/an ,kurdi/an prop]4 7a7 ,aft] ! village ( ,s]ab4 7b7 ,m\nta9s4 7c7 ,a ,kurdi% product1 nam$ aft] a city4 7d7 ,m commonly call$ ,s>akhs1 aft] ! city by t "n1 :i* is situat$ on ! bord] l9e betwe5 ,p]sia & ,turke/an & )9 a few miles ( ,afghani/an4 ,!y are s call$ because ! p :o make !m =m]ly came f ?is di/rict4 7e7 ,a corruption ( ! ,p]sian ^w r\les1 :i* means a pe>l4 7f7 ,a prov9ce4 7g7 ,a di/rict4 ,jo%aghan is ! ,engli% way ( spell+ x & ,djo%aghan ! ,fr5* way ( spell+ x4 7h7 ,a corruption ( ! ^w ,s>awan1 ! "n ( a di/rict 9 ,p]sia j s\? ( ,f]aghan4 ,! "n has no connection :atev] ) ! ,s>ab& ,dance4 7i7 ,t]ms us$ = ! diff]5t grades ( rugs f ! ,sultanabad di/rict4 7j7 ,l>i/an is a prov9ce 9 ! ,kirman di/rict j s\? ( ,niris4 7k7 ,nam$ aft] ! city ( ,h]at1 :i* is n situat$ 9 ,khorasan at all1 b is across ! ,p]sian bord] 9 ,afghani/an4 ,!y take ?is "n = two reasons3 fir/1 because !y are wov5 by p :o =m]ly liv$ 9 ,h]at1 b :o1 ow+ to political di/urbances1 settl$ 9 ,khorasan2 & second1 because !y are m>ket$ at ,h]at4 ,angora ,kir ,%ehr ,br\sa ,ou%ak ,k>aman ,konieh prop] ,anatolian ,konieh ,mujur ,ladik 7a7 ,yuruk 7b7 ,ak-,hiss> ,anatolian prop] ,b]gama ,turki% ,smyrna ,ghiordes ,kulah ,meles 7c7 ,makri ,smyrna prop] ,kurdi/an ,mosul ,mosul prop] 7a7 ,a corruption ( ! ^w ,laodicea4 7b7 ,! ^w ,yuruk means m\nta9e]4 7c7 ,a corruption ( ! ^w ,milassa4 ,daghe/an prop] ,caucasia ,daghe/an ,d]b5d ,kabi/an 7a7 ,t*et*51 ,*i*i1 ,tzitzi 7b7 ,baku prop] ,,caucasian ,baku ,%emakha1 ,s\mak 7c7 ,ka%mir 7d7 ,%irvan 7e7 ,transcaucasia ,elizabe?pol ,g5ghis1 ,ganja 7f7 ,k>abagh 7e7 ,erivan ,kazak 7g7 7a7 ,%\ld be ,kubi/an or ,kuban1 z !y are made at ,kuba4 7b7 ,nam$ aft] a tribe ( p :o inhabit ! m\nta9s nor? ( ,daghe/an4 7c7 ,a corruption ( ! ^w ,%emakha4 7d7 ,sometimes call$ ,ka%mir f ! resemblance ( ! "u side to t ( ,ca%m]e %awls4 7e7 ,a prov9ce4 7f7 ,nam$ aft] a tribe ( ,turkomans :o live 9 ! vic9ity ( ,elizabe?pol4 ,sometimes call$ ,ganja1 aft] ! anci5t "n ( ,elizabe?pol4 7g7 ,nam$ aft] a tribe ( ,nomads inhabit+ ! hills ar\nd ,lake ,gokt*a4 ,khiva ,bokh>a ,turke/an ,be%ir ,bokh>a ,tekke ,bokh>a 7a7 ,yomud ,bokh>a 7b7 ,,turke/an ,,or ,,turkoman ,ea/]n ,turke/an ,ka%g> ,y>k& ,russian ,turke/an ,sam>k& ,belu*i/an ,belu*i/an prop] 7c7 7a7 ,made by ! ,tekke-,turkomans :o inhabit ! pla9s to ! we/ ( ! ,oxus4 7b7 ,! "n ( a tribe ( ,turkomans :o inhabit ! we/]n end ( ,turke/an4 7c7 ,al?\gh ^! rugs are made 9 a region f> di/ant f ,turke/an1 !y are s simil> to ! ,turkoman class t !y are classifi$ z su* by sev]al au?orities4 ,g5ghis1 ( ! ,caucasian class1 be+ made by a tribe ( ,turkomans 9 ! ,caucasus & resembl+ closely ! ,turkoman productions1 are classifi$ z su* by sev]al prom95t writ]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s>uk ,,rug ,size #f' #d #d' #a ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,knot3 ,s5na4 ,f\rte5 to ! in* horizontally & sev5te5 to ! in* v]tically1 mak+ two hundr$ & ?irty-eight to ! squ>e in*4 ,! design is *>act]i/ic b ! colors are unusual = a ,s>uk4 ,!re is a c5tral pole m$allion )9 ano!r m$allion4 ,! pr$om9at+ color ( ! =m] is an old rose ) figures 9 light & d>k blue1 :ite & yell[1 especially ! latt]4 ,! outside m$allion has an old ivory backgr\nd & is /rewn ) beautiful undulat+ v9es cov]$ ) fl[]s ( v>i\s colors1 ^? at "o end be+ pr9cipally 9 old rose :ile at ! o!r end a ri* r$ seems to pr$om9ate4 ,ea* corn] ( ! field outside ( ! m$allion has a ri* blue backgr\nd ) scroll figures & l>ge fl[]s1 diff]+ consid]ably 9 color at ! two ends4 ,!re are f\r bord] /rips1 ! outside "o be+ ( pla9 ivory4 ,! ma9 bord] consi/s ( alt]nate :ite & old rose floral =ms connect$ by a me&]+ l9e ^u a d>k blue backgr\nd & on bo? sides ( ?is ma9 bord] /ripe is ! reciprocal trefoil 9 r$1 blue & :ite4 7,see page #bjj7 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]sia ,,! ,,p]sian ,,classification ,,& ,,description ,f ! e>lie/ "t to ! pres5t ! ,p]sian has excell$ all o!rs 9 ! design+ ( fl[]s & 9 color decoration1 !re=e ! ,p]sian textiles h always %[n complex floral designs & h>moni\s arrangem5t ( colors4 ,unlike ! ,turki% fabrics1 !y almo/ inv>iably h a full /raight fr+e at ea* end :i* is compos$ ( loose w>p ?reads4 ,9 ,p]sia bo? ! ,s5na & ! ,ghiordes knots are us$1 & ! latt] has be5 adopt$ 9 "s localities :]e ! =m] alone 0 once 9 vogue4 ,! weav]s ( ,p]sia are usually compos$ ( wom5 & *ildr5 ( bo? sexes4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 d n take up ! "w at ne>ly s e>ly an age z !y d 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,9 ,p]sia !y seldom beg9 e>li] ?an t5 ye>s ( age1 :ile 9 ,asia ,m9or ?\s&s ( little *ildr5 f f\r to six ye>s ( age may be se5 work+ at ! loom4 ,! usual pay 9 ,p]sia is fifte5 tomans 7#j4ia7 a ye> = ! fir/ two ye>s ( _! appr5tice%ip4 ,?is am\nts to ab\t #ac4fe ( our money4 ,aft] ! expiration ( two ye>s !y are paid at ! rate ( "o toman = e #cj1jjj /it*es4 ,! ,p]sian gov]nm5t has endeavor$ to uphold ! quality ( its rugs 9 ! face ( demoraliz+ influ5ces1 b alas1 ,p]sia too is gett+ ! comm]cial _s & anil9e dyes are be+ smuggl$ into & secretly us$ all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,"o correspond5t 9 ,teh]an says1 ,good rugs are h>d to get & are v exp5sive4 ,!re are quantities ( ! comm]cial v>iety1 b ^? c be b\ght 9 ,london z *eap z 9 ,p]sia4 ,dur+ ! rec5t revolution q a numb] ( ! palaces 7 sold out by _! own]s at auction4 ,at ^! sales ! good rugs 7 quickly pick$ up at fabul\s prices by ,european resid5ts 9 ,teh]an4 ,!re are no rug factories 9 ,p]sia1 b !re are sev]al e/abli%m5ts own$ by =eign]s1 especially at ,sultanabad & ,tabriz1 :]e ! wool is dy$ & giv5 out to ! weav]s to take home & weave accord+ to ! designs & specifications furni%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inspect+ ,,rugs ,,at ,,ispahan ,illu/ration3 ,,p]sian ,,villag]s ,,ne> ,,hamadan ,,p]sian ,,rug ,,prov9ces ,! foll[+ is a %ort description ( ! v>i\s ,p]sian prov9ces f :i* rugs come3 ,,az]bijan is ! mo/ nor!a/]n prov9ce ( ,p]sia4 ,x includes a "p ( ,anci5t ,arm5ia & its pres5t population consi/s mo/ly ( ,turks1 ) "s ,arm5ians & ,kurds4 ,tabriz is ! capital4 ,its pres5t output ( rugs is v l>ge4 ,,ardelan is ! prov9ce j s\? ( ,az]bijan4 ,its inhabitants are mo/ly ,kurds & its capital is ,k]man%ah4 ,,irak ,,ajemi is ! l>ge/ prov9ce ( ,p]sia4 ,x practically occupies ! c5tre ( ! c\ntry4 ,its pr9cipal city is ,teh]an1 :i* is ! pres5t capital ( ,p]sia4 ,irak ,ajemi has a l>g] output ( rugs ?an any o!r prov9ce ( ,p]sia4 ,,f>si/an or ,,f>s1 z x is sometimes call$1 lies 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,p]sia we/ ( ,kirman & s\? ( ,irak ,ajemi4 ,%iraz is its capital & x produces a wool :i* is n excell$1 if equall$1 by t ( any o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,,khorasan is ,p]sia's mo/ s\!a/]n prov9ce &1 next to ,irak ,ajemi1 its l>ge/ "o4 ,x is sometimes call$ ,! ,l& ( ! ,sun1 & is inhabit$ by ,arabs1 ,turkomans1 ,kurds1 ,afghans1 ,balu*es1 & ,jews4 ,! we/]n portion is a des]t4 ,me%$ is ! capital4 ,x is "o ( ! la/ ( ! ,p]sian prov9ces to be affect$ by outside influ5ces4 ,,kirman is ! mo/ s\!rly prov9ce ( ,p]sia & ! lea/ kn[n4 ,be+ s difficult ( access1 x is seldom visit$ by ! travell]2 consequ5tly its products are free f outside influ5ce4 ,x has = its capital ! city ( ! same "n4 ,a complete description ( ea* rug ( ! ,p]sian class is giv5 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]ez ,,c>pet ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,mr4 ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,h]ez ,a "n appli$ to all c>pets made 9 ! m\nta9\s di/rict ( ,h]ez & to "s f ,tabriz & ,sultanabad4 ,! diff]5t products ( ?is class are s simil> 9 _m respects t x is (t5 difficult & sometimes impossible = ! exp]t to diff]5tiate4 ,!re is a great preval5ce ( ,mongolian influ5ce 9 _! designs4 ,until q rec5tly ! ,h]ez di/rict 0 "o ( ! few di/ricts f :i* ! mod]n rugs 7 a decid$ improvem5t on ! antique1 b !y h det]iorat$ consid]ably ( late4 ,!y are m>ket$ at ,tabriz4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,9 exception to mo/ ( ! ,h]ez weaves ?is piece has no m$allion c5tre ) corn] pieces to mat*1 b ! /yle ( ! floral motifs :i* fill ! field is some:at *>act]i/ic ( ! region 9 ,nor!rn ,p]sia :]e x is made4 ,! ,h]ez products are extremely s]viceable4 ,,bakh%is ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! village by t "n 9 ! ,h]ez di/rict :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,usually ! ,s5na1 sometimes ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to fifte52 numb] horizontally five to twelve2 numb] to ! squ>e in* ?irty to "o hundr$ eighty4 ,,w>p4--,always cotton4 ,,wo(4--,always cotton1 sometimes dy$ br[n4 ,,nap4--,usually a good quality ( wool1 trimm$ %ort1 b r>ely lu/r\s4 ,,sides4--,ne>ly always ov]ca/ ) diff]5t color$ y>ns4 ,occasionally f9i%$ flat4 ,,ends4--,%ort fr+e ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end2 occasionally !y are knott$4 ,,bord]4--,usually consi/s ( two n>r[ & "o wide c5tral /ripe4 ,! latt] frequ5tly c>ries ! ,h]ati design4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,diff]5t %ades ( r$1 blue1 & gre54 ,also ivory1 :ite1 br[n1 old rose1 & sometimes yell[4 ,,dyes4--,z a rule are good4 ,anil9e dyes are f\nd 9 _m ( ! v new pieces4 ,,designs4--,usually ! m$allion c5tre ) or )\t corn]s to mat*4 ,*>act]i/ic angul> ornam5tation4 ,%ah ,abbas1 ,h]ati1 & ,s>d> designs frequ5tly us$4 ,,co/4,a--,f #a4jj to #b4ej a squ>e foot4 ,,sizes4--,six to t5 by t5 to tw5ty-six feet4 ,seldom 9 small sizes4 ,,rem>ks4--,r r>e comp>$ ) ! re/ ( ! ,h]ez products4 ,among ! mo/ desirable ( ! l>ge c>pets4 ,until v rec5tly !y h be5 p]fectly free f outside influ5ces4 ,,gorevan ,,synonyms4--,go]ivan1 ,ghorevan4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] a small village 9 ! ,h]ez di/rict4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,?r\gh\t ! ,h]ez di/rict4 ,,knot4--,usually ! ,s5na1 occasionally ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically f eight to fifte52 numb] horizontally f six to twelve2 numb] to ! squ>e in* =ty-eight to "o hundr$ eighty4 ,,w>p4--,always cotton4 ,,wo(4--,always cotton1 sometimes dy$ br[n4 ,,nap4--,a r co>se wool1 clipp$ %ort4 ,,sides4--,usually ov]ca/1 z a rule ) diff]5t color$ wool1 seldom selvag$4 ,,ends4--,always a %ort fr+e ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,occasionally !y are knott$4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to five bord] /ripes1 g5]ally ?ree1 "o wide c5tral /ripe ) a n>r[ "o on ea* side4 ,! c5tral /ripe frequ5tly c>ries ! ,h]ati design4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,blue1 r$1 & gre5 9 all _! %ades2 br[n1 old ivory1 t]ra cotta1 & occasionally yell[4 ,,dyes4--,( ! be/ except+ 9 "s ( ! new pieces4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,bakh%is4 ,a %ad$ backgr\nd is a *>act]i/ic feature4 ,,co/4--,f #a4be to #c4ej a squ>e foot4 ,,sizes4--,six to t5 by t5 to tw5ty-six4 ,seldom small] ?an c>pet sizes4 ,,rem>ks4--,excell5t c>pets to we>4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,l mo/ rugs ( its class its field pres5ts a m$allion ) corn]s to mat*1 all ( :i* is cov]$ ) rectil9eal fl[]s & v9es4 ,l mo/ ( ! ,h]ez products its ma9 bord] c>ries ! tortoise design4 ,,s]api ,,synonyms4--,s]ab1 ,s]abi1 ,sirab4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! village ( ,s]ab 9 ! ,h]ez di/rict4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,sometimes 9 ! ,h]ez di/rict1 sometimes on ! looms ( ,tabriz & sometimes on ^? ( ,sultanabad4 ,,knot4--,usually ! ,s5na1 occasionally ! ,ghiordes4 ,! f9e/ ones are ti$ ) ! ,s5na knot4 ,numb] v]tically t5 to eighte52 numb] horizontally eight to twelve2 mak+ f eighty to two hundr$ sixte5 to ! squ>e in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gorevan ,,c>pet ,,loan$ ,,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,clafl9 ,,co4 ,,w>p4--,always cotton4 ,,wo(4--,always cotton1 sometimes dy$4 ,,nap4--,r co>se b durable wool1 :i* is g5]ally clipp$ %ort4 ,,sides4--,ne>ly always ov]ca/1 seldom selvag$4 ,,ends4--,%ort fr+e & loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,occasionally knott$4 ,,bord]4--,simil> to t ( ! ,bakh%is & ,gorevan4 ,f ?ree to five bord] /ripes1 mo/ usually ?ree4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,bakh%is & ,gorevan b1 z a rule1 some:at bright]4 ,,dyes4--,usually excell5t4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,gorevan1 b !re are usually m floral elem5ts add$ to ! gr\nd4 ,frequ5t inscriptions4 ,,sizes4--,eight to fifte5 by t5 to tw5ty-five4 ,v few runn]s & seldom small] ?an c>pet sizes4 ,,prices4--#a4ej to #d4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,! be/ grade ( ! ,h]ez products4 ,usually ( a f9] weave & ) m detail 9 design ?an ! ,gorevan4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,x is r difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,s]api & ! ,gorevan4 ,! pr9cipal diff]5ce is "o ( quality1 al?\gh ! =m] usually has m detail 9 design & usually m floral elem5ts add$ to ! gr\nd4 ,?is c>pet pres5ts a peculi> m$allion ) f\r pe>-%ap$ (f%oots ^u a light gr\nd :i* is /rewn ) _m rectil9eal fl[]s & leaves4 ,l ne>ly all ( ! ,h]ez products x has ?ree bord] /ripes1 "o wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ea* side4 ,! =m] c>ries ! tortoise bord] design ) an arrangem5t simil> to ! ,h]ati bord] design & ! latt] small fl[]s 9 pr(ile alt]nat+ ) buds4 ,,k>a ,,dagh ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,! words ,k>a ,dagh mean ,black ,m\nta9s1 ! "n ( a range 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,az]bijan prov9ce1 :]e !y are wov5 by %eph]d tribes ( ! mo/ bigot$ ,%iah sect4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to f\rte52 numb] horizontally eight to elev52 numb] to squ>e in* sixty-f\r to "o hundr$ fifty-f\r4 ,,w>p4--,wool4 ,,wo(4--,natural br[n or dy$ wool4 ,usually extra wo( ?reads4 ,,nap4--,wool ( m$ium l5g?1 sometimes camels' hair4 ,,sides4--,usually selvag$1 occasionally ov]ca/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s]api ,,c>pet ,,loan$ ,,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,clafl9 ,,co4 ,,ends4--,"o end selvag$ & turn$ back1 ! o!r selvag$ & f9i%$ ) a fr+e ( loose w>p ?reads4 ,! selvage is usually dy$ r$4 ,,bord]4--,usually f ?ree to six bord] /ripes ( m or less floral "*4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,k>abagh1 b m div]sifi$4 ,! gr\nd conta9s consid]able natural-color$ camels' hair4 ,,dyes4--,usually good4 ,occasionally an anil9e dy$ "o4 ,,designs4--,m ( ! ,p]sian "* ?an ! ,k>abaghs1 resembl+ some:at ! rugs ( ,kurdi/an4 ,! field is usually cov]$ ) small floral =ms1 :i* are ?r[n broadca/4 ,,prices4--,f #b4jj to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,sizes4--,f ?ree to f\r by five to sev5 feet4 ,runn]s two & "o-half by eight to fifte54 ,,rem>ks4--,seldom se5 9 ! ,am]ican m>ket4 ,!y h kept pretty well up to _! orig9al /&>d4 ,9 _m respects !y are simil> to ! ,k>abagh1 to :i* !y are some:at sup]ior4 ,,ka%an ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ,ka%an1 a city ( #cj1jjj inhabitants betwe5 ,teh]an & ,ispahan1 :]e !y are made4 ,ka%an is ! c5tre ( ! silk rug indu/ry 9 ,p]sia & x 0 "h t ! fam\s ,ardebil c>pet 0 wov54 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically twelve to ?irty-five2 numb] horizontally t5 to tw5ty2 numb] to squ>e in* "o hundr$ fifty to five hundr$4 ,,w>p4--,cotton1 frequ5tly silk or l954 ,,wo(4--,cotton1 frequ5tly silk or l954 ,,nap4--,f9e %ort wool1 frequ5tly silk4 ,,weave4--,z a rule v ev5ly & tightly wov54 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ ) wool1 sometimes ) silk4 ,,ends4--,%ort web ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to sev5 bord] /ripes4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,d>k blues1 r$s1 & gre5s2 rose1 turquoise1 deep w9e color1 & ivory4 ,,dyes4--,good4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,s>uk4 ,exclusively floral ) _m connect+ v9es2 m$allions2 no pla9 fields4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ka%an ,,silk ,,rug ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,mr4 ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,sizes4--,only c>pet sizes4 ,,prices4--,f #b4jj to #aj4jj a squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,among ! antique ,ka%ans are a numb] ( old ,hunt+ ,c>pets ) elaborate detail "w %[+ 9 _! design =e/s ) hunt]s & dogs pursu+ animals ( ! *ase4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,! ,ka%an silk rugs are z a class ! be/ silk rugs made & ?is p>ticul> "o illu/rates ! be/ ,p]sian _s 9 design & workman%ip4 ,al?\gh n z f9ely wov5 z "s1 x has f\r hundr$ & eighty-f\r knots to ! squ>e in* & x is made exclusively ( ! be/ ,p]sian silk4 ,,s\j ,,bulak ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ,s\j ,bulak1 ! old ,kurdi% capital "s di/ance s\? ( ,tabriz1 :]e !y are made by ! ,kurds4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to eight2 numb] horizontally eight to elev52 numb] to squ>e in* =ty-eight to eighty-eight4 ,,w>p4--,d\ble y>n ( wool4 ,sometimes half cotton & half wool4 ,,wo(4--,d\ble y>n ( wool4 ,sometimes ( wool & cotton4 ,,nap4--,be/1 s(t1 d\ble-/r&$ wool4 ,,weave4--,closely & tightly wov51 mak+ ! nap /& up /raight4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ l o!r ,kurdi% rugs4 ,,ends4--,"o end has pla9 selvage1 ! o!r selvage & loose w>p ?reads l mo/ ,kurdi% rugs4 ,,bord]4--,f two to five bord] /ripes4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,d>k r$s1 blues1 & br[ns2 also :ite & yell[4 ,,dyes4--,good4 ,,designs4--,kurdi% designs z a rule4 ,! ,h]ati patt]n is frequ5tly employ$4 ,,sizes4--,c>pet sizes4 ,,prices4--,r r>e4 ,f #b4jj to #e4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,v compact1 /rong & s]viceable4 ,,tabriz ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,tabriz1 ! ,p]sian capital1 9 ! neighborhood ( :i* !y are made4 ,,knot4--,ne>ly always ! ,s5na1 occasionally ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically twelve to tw5ty-two2 numb] horizontally t5 to tw5ty2 numb] to squ>e in* "o hundr$ tw5ty to f\r hundr$ =ty4 ,,w>p4--,ne>ly always cotton4 ,silk 9 "s extra f9e specim5s4 ,occasionally l954 ,illu/ration3 ,,tabriz ,,rug ,,loan$ ,,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,clafl9 ,,co4 ,,wo(4--,cotton1 sometimes wool or l954 ,=m]ly dy$ ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! rug1 b ( late n dy$ at all4 ,,nap4--,good wool1 closely wov5 & closely trimm$4 ,,sides4--,! antiques are usually ov]ca/1 :ile ! mod]ns are g5]ally selvag$4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ web ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,occasionally trimm$4 ,frequ5tly sev]al /r&s ( color$ wool run ?r\gh ! web4 ,,bord]4--,g5]ally five to eight bord] /ripes2 "o wide "o ) an equal numb] ( n>r[ ones on ei!r side ( x4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,bright blues1 r$s1 & br[ns2 ivory is frequ5tly ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! field4 ,,dyes4--,usually good4 ,"s ( ! mod]n pieces h anil9e dyes4 ,! blues1 r$s1 & br[ns are especially likely to be anil9e4 ,,designs4--,ne>ly always a m$allion ) field cov]$ ) intricate floral designs4 ,frequ5tly v]ses f ! ,koran or ( ,p]sian poets are f\nd 9 ! bord]s4 ,tree ( life patt]ns are frequ5t & a he>t-%ap$ lamp (t5 hangs f ! ni*e 9 ! pray] rugs4 ,seldom are figures ( birds1 animals1 or human be+s us$4 ,,sizes4--,all sizes1 f mats to l>ge c>pets4 ,,co/4--,f #c4jj to #aj4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,! mod]n ones are too regul> & exact 9 patt]n & %[ ,european influ5ces4 ,!y are s firm & closely wov5 t !y are /iff & non-flexible4 ,) ! ,kirman ! ,tabriz %>es ! reputation ( hav+ ! mo/ graceful floral designs4 ,!y are purely ,p]sian & h suff]$ little f outside influ5ce4 ,_m ( !m are s closely wov5 t !y are apt to curl on ! edges4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,?is p>ticul> piece is a good example ( ! av]age design ) its floral m$allion & _m bord] /ripes4 ,,bij> ,,synonyms4--,s>akhs1 ,lule4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] a t[n 9 ,we/]n ,p]sia 9 ! prov9ce ( ,kurdi/an4 ,sometimes call$ ,s>akhs because !y are made by tribesm5 :o came f ! old city by t "n & settl$ ar\nd ,bij>4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to t52 numb] horizontally eight to twelve2 numb] to ! squ>e in* =ty-eight to "o hundr$ tw5ty4 ,,w>p4--,heavy wool4 ,,wo(4--,heavy wool1 occasionally camels' hair4 ,,nap4--,heavy lu/r\s wool4 ,! field is (t5 ( camels' hair4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,selvag$1 sometimes a fr+e wov5 on4 ,! web ( "o end is frequ5tly turn$ back & hemm$4 ,,bord]4--,usually f two to f\r bord] /ripes4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,field frequ5tly ! natural color ( ! camel4 ,ri* r$s1 blues1 & gre5s2 also :ite1 old ivory1 & yell[4 ,,dyes4--,usually good except 9 "s ( ! mod]n pieces4 ,,designs4--,g5]ally floral1 (t5 m$allion c5tre ) elaborate corn] pieces4 ,inscriptions frequ5t4 ,patt]ns irregul>4 ,mod]n ones incl9$ to be rectil9e>4 ,antiques frequ5tly h figures ( birds1 animals1 & human be+s4 ,,co/4--#a4ej to #d4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,sizes4--,mod]n ones 9 c>pet size2 antiques ?ree to five by five to eight4 ,,rem>ks4--,! antiques are v r>e & ! mod]n ones are mu* inf]ior4 ,_m ( !m are s ?ick & heavy t !y _c be fold$ b mu/ be roll$ up4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,maj4 ,l4 ,b4 ,lawton's ,description4--,a complete rug 9 r>e design4 ,usually su* r>ities are cut up s z to %[ ! breaks 9 patt]n1 & =tunate collectors get "o fraction4 ,! s(t colors 9 ?is are unusual ev5 9 ,bij>4 ,see also illu/ration on page #cbh4 ,,k]man%ah 7,,mod]n7 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,k]man%ah f :i* !y are %ipp$1 x be+ a great c>avan c5tre4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,9 ! vic9ity ( ,tabriz & ( ,sultanabad4 ,,knot4--,ne>ly always ! ,s5na1 seldom ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to sixte52 numb] horizontally eight to twelve2 numb] to ! squ>e in* sixty-f\r to "o hundr$ n9ety-two4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bij> ,,rug ,size #c'i #b'i ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,miss ,,emily ,,davis1 ,,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,w>p4--,always cotton4 ,,wo(4--,always cotton1 occasionally dy$ br[n4 ,,nap4--,! *oice/1 lu/r\s wool1 closely wov5 & usually cut %ort4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ web ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ ) d>k wool4 ,,bord]s4--,f ?ree to five bord] /ripes1 mo/ frequ5tly five1 "o wide ) two n>r[ ones on ea* side4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,s(t %ades ( p9ks1 gre5s1 or blues on a field ( old ivory4 ,,dyes4--,9 _m ! dyes are good1 b are ton$ d[n ) acids1 :ile 9 o!rs anil9es are us$4 ,,designs4--,delicate1 arti/ic & intricate floral designs4 ,c5tral m$allion & corn] panels frequ5t4 ,,sizes4--,all sizes1 f mats to c>pets z l>ge z ?irty-five to fifty-five feet4 ,,co/4--#a4ge to #f4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,!re is z mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ! mod]n & ! antique ,k]man%ahs z !re is betwe5 any two k9ds ( ! ,p]sian class4 ,! =m] are made at ,tabriz or ,sultanabad "u ,european sup]vision1 are almo/ inv>iably doctor$ & c be _h 9 abundance1 :ile ! latt] 7 made by ! m\nta9e]s along ! ,turki% bord]1 are ( ! be/ mat]ial1 dyes & workman%ip & are r>ely se5 9 ! m>ket4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,l mo/ ( its class x consi/s ( arti/ic & intricate floral designs ) a c5tral m$allion & graceful bord] /ripes4 ,9 _m ,k]man%ahs1 z 9 ?is piece1 ! pe> motif is frequ5tly employ$4 ,see illu/ration at page #aah4 ,,s5na ,,synonyms4--,sehna1 ,s9ne1 ,s5neh4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,s5na 9 ! vic9ity ( :i* !y are made4 ,,knot4--,s5na always4 ,n equall$ 9 numb] ( knots by any o!r rug4 ,numb] v]tically t5 to ?irty2 numb] horizontally t5 to ?irty-two2 numb] to ! squ>e in* "o hundr$ to n9e hundr$ sixty4 ,"s antiques h z high z "o ?\s& to ! squ>e in*4 ,,w>p4--,cotton1 sometimes silk or l954 ,,wo(4--,cotton1 sometimes wool1 silk or l954 ,,nap4--,f9e/ silky wool1 v closely cut4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ ) r$ cotton or silk4 ,,ends4--,always a n>r[ web at ea* end1 ) a fr+e ( loose w>p ?reads4 ,frequ5tly "o or two /r&s ( color$ y>n run ?r\gh ! web at "o end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s5na ,,rug 7,,h]ati ,,design7 ,,own$ ,,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,clafl9 ,,co4 ,,bord]4--,f two to sev5 bord] /ripes1 mo/ frequ5tly ?ree1 a wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ei!r side1 ! =m] usually fill$ ) rosettes :i* are connect$ by a wavy l9e4 ,sometimes x w c>ry ! ,h]ati design4 ,! gr\nd color ( ! ma9 /ripe is almo/ inv>iably bright r$ or yell[4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually subdu$ %ades ( r$1 blue1 gre51 yell[1 & p9k2 ivory1 gold1 sapphire1 rose1 & pea* bl[ beautifully bl5d$4 ,! mod]n ones are too bright4 ,,dyes4--,_m ( ! mod]n ones are anil9e dy$4 ,,designs4--,palm leaf ?r\gh\t ! field is a common design4 ,also a c5tral diamond or m$allion frequ5tly ( ! pole v>iety4 ,sometimes c5tre field is cov]$ ) fl[]s4 ,a diap] arrangem5t ( ! ,pe> or ,h]ati design is ! mo/ common4 ,,sizes4--,usually ( m$ium size1 f\r to five by six to eight2 seldom l>g]4 ,saddle bags two & "o-half to ?ree by f\r feet2 mats two feet by "o foot4 ,,co/4--,f #b4jj to #f4jj a squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,excel 9 f95ess ( weave1 b edges are likely to curl & puck]1 consequ5tly !y d n lie well & are too ?9 to we> well4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,l ?is piece mo/ ( ! ,s5nas pres5t ! s]rat$ diamond-%ap$ pole m$allion ) ! ,h]ati design4 ,!y frequ5tly h ! ,h]ati bord] also1 ?\gh ?is piece has n4 ,,f]aghan ,,synonym4--,sometimes errone\sly call$ ,iran1 :i* means ,p]sian4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,because !y are made on ! pla9s ( ,f]aghan1 we/ ( ! l9e ( travel betwe5 ,teh]an & ,ispahan4 ,,knot4--,all antiques are ti$ ) ! ,s5na knot4 ,"s ( ! mod]n ones are ti$ ) ! ,ghiordes knot4 ,numb] v]tically1 antiques eight to f\rte51 mod]ns six to f\rte52 numb] horizontally1 antiques eight to eighte51 mod]ns five to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in*1 antiques sixty-f\r to two hundr$ fifty-two1 mod]ns ?irty to "o hundr$ sixty-eight4 ,,w>p4--,always cotton4 ,,wo(4--,ne>ly always cotton1 sometimes dy$4 ,,nap4--,usually ( good wool1 frequ5tly ( camels' hair4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/1 usually ) black wool4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ selvage hemm$ ov] at "o end1 ) a selvage & loose w>p ?reads at ! o!r end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f]aghan ,,rug 7,,h]ati ,,design7 ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,! ,,tiffany ,,/udios1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to n9e bord] /ripes1 :i* usually c>ry small floral designs4 ,h]ati bord] is ! mo/ common & is almo/ *>act]i/ic4 ,usually "o wide bord] /ripe ) a backgr\nd ( gre5 & f "o to f\r n>r[ bord] /ripes on ea* side ( x4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,gre5 usually =ms ! backgr\nd ( ! ma9 bord]4 ,! field is usually d>k blue1 s(t r$ or ivory4 ,yell[ is us$ consid]ably 9 ! mod]n ones4 ,,dyes4--,spl5did 9 ! antiques4 ,( inf]ior quality 9 ! mod]ns4 ,,designs4--,h]ati field ! mo/ common4 ,occasionally ! ,guli ,h9nai is employ$4 ,sometimes a c5tre ( pla9 r$ m$allions4 ,!re may be a repetition ( "s small figures ?r\gh\t ! field4 ,all animal & bird designs 9 ! ,f]aghans are repres5t$ z 9 motion4 ,,sizes4--,usually small sizes1 ?ree to f\r by f\r to six4 ,occasionally c>pet sizes4 ,antiques mo/ly oblong4 ,,prices4--,antiques #b4ej to #aj4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,mod]ns #a4jj to #b4ej4 ,,rem>ks4--,!y rank among ! be/ fabrics ( ,p]sia1 b ( late ye>s h fall5 to ! joblot level4 ,! antiques are s(t1 durable & heavy1 b are sc>ce4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,! typical ,f]aghan r5d]+ ( ! ,h]ati patt]n is "h illu/rat$ 9 :i* ! d>k blue field & gre5 ma9 bord] c>ry ! ,p]sian v>iant ( ! ,h]ati design1 :i* is popul>ly kn[n z ! fi% patt]n1 & :i* is copi$ ) m or less accuracy all ?r\gh c5tral ,p]sia4 ,,hommel ,,rug 7page #aad74--,knot3 ,ghiordes2 numb] to ! in*1 v]tically n9e2 horizontally sev52 to ! squ>e in*1 sixty-?ree4 ,! field1 l t ( ! majority ( ,f]aghans1 is cov]$ ) ! ,h]ati design4 ,! backgr\nd is ( black & ! figures are r$1 blue1 gre51 p9k1 yell[ & :ite4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe c>ries eight-petal$ fl[]s ( v>i\s colors1 connect$ by ! fi%-bone motif ^u a gr\nd ( :ite4 ,on ei!r side ( ?is is a fl[] & v9e design 9 v>i\s colors1 ! inn] "o on a gr\nd ( old rose & ! out] "o on a gr\nd ( d>k br[n4 ,! inn] & out] bord] /ripes c>ry ! reciprocal saw-tee?2 ! =m] 9 blue & r$ & ! latt] 9 gre5 & r$4 ,! nap is ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 l5g? & is exce$+ly glossy4 ,,hamadan ,,synonyms4--,hamadieh1 ,hamadie4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,hamadan1 9 ! vic9ity ( :i* !y are made4 ,hamadan is ! capital ( ! prov9ce ( ,irak ,ajemi 9 we/]n ,p]sia & has a population ( #ce1jjj4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically sev5 to t52 numb] horizontally sev5 to t52 numb] to squ>e in* =ty-n9e to "o hundr$4 ,,w>p4--,antiques always cotton4 ,,wo(4--,usually consid]able camels' hair 9 natural color4 ,cotton or wool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hamadan ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,nap4--,usually good wool or camels' hair ( m$ium l5g?4 ,,weave4--,antiques f9e4 ,mod]ns co>se4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,fr+e at "o end & hemm$ web at ! o!r4 ,,bord]4--,?ree to six bord] /ripes1 usually f\r4 ,! *>act]i/ic feature is a broad outside b& ( camels' hair4 ,! ,h]ati bord] design is frequ5tly us$4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,! natural camels' hair br[n prevails ) s(t delicate r$s1 p9ks1 blues1 & gre5s4 ,,dyes4--,( ! be/ 9 ! antiques1 b g5]ally poor 9 ! mod]n fabrics4 ,,designs4--,pole m$allion is almo/ univ]sal4 ,field is usually fill$ ) floral designs or a trellis arrangem5t4 ,antiques resemble animal sk9s4 ,,sizes4--,antiques come 9 all sizes4 ,mod]ns two to f\r by f\r to six & runn]s two to f\r by eight to ?irty4 ,,prices4--#a4jj to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,antiques r>e & exp5sive4 ,,rem>ks4--,! mod]n ones are poor4 ,! antiques are h&some & durable4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,?is piece1 l mo/ ( its class1 has a nap :i* consi/s pr9cipally ( natural-color$ camels' hair1 z is manife/$ 9 ! c5tral field & out] bord]4 ,l mo/ ,hamadans x also has a pole m$allion 9 ! c5tre ( ! field ) corn]s to mat*4 ,! weav] has adopt$ ! ,kurdi% me?od ( %ad+ ! field ) camels' hair ( diff]5t %ades4 ,! pr9cipal bord] /ripe consi/s ( alt]nate rosette & fi%-bone motifs on ea* side ( :i* !re are small floral =ms alt]nat+ 9 direction & connect$ by me&]+ v9es4 ,,/anton ,,rug 7page #aaj74--,l mo/ ( its class1 ?is piece has a pile :i* consi/s mo/ly ( undy$ camels' hair4 ,! colors1 designs & bord] /ripes are *>act]i/ic features1 especially ! motives 9 ! out] bord] /ripe1 :i* are f\nd 9 no o!r product4 ,?is piece has an unusually long nap1 :i* n only adds to its we>+ quality1 b makes x lie bett] on ! floor4 ,,ispahan ,,synonym4--,isfayan4 ,sometimes1 l ! ,f]aghan1 x is call$ ,iran4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,ispahan1 ! =m] capital ( ,p]sia1 :]e !y 7 made by exp]t weav]s 9 ! employ ( ! nobility at ,ispahan1 ,teh]an1 & ,s>uk dur+ ! p]iod ( highe/ art4 ,,knot4--,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically t5 to tw5ty2 numb] horizontally eight to fifte52 numb] to ! squ>e in* eighty to ?ree hundr$4 ,,w>p4--,cotton4 ,,wo(4--,cotton4 ,,nap4--,be/1 s(t1 glossy wool4 ,,weave4--,usually close & ev54 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ web ) loose w>p ends4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ispahan ,,rug 7,,%ah ,,abbas ,,design7 ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,! ,,metropolitan ,,museum ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to five bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree1 "o wide "o betwe5 two n>r[ ones4 ,! wide /ripe is commonly ( yell[1 w9e r$1 & gre51 especially 9 ^? made 9 ! #af? c5tury4 ,! ,h]ati design 0 frequ5tly employ$4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,deep r$s1 blues1 & gre5s4 ,beautiful crimson4 ,deep w9e colors kn[n z ,ispahan r$4 ,field g5]ally ( deep r$ or blue4 ,,dyes4--,! be/4 ,designs4--,v arti/ic4 ,ri* 9 floral & animal decoration ( ! f9e/ ,p]sian type4 ,l>ge palmette & ri* floral patt]ns connect$ by v9es & s]rat$ leaves arrang$ simil>ly to ! ,h]ati patt]n4 ,cypress cones & v>i\s tree =ms4 ,! ,%ah ,abbas design 0 freely employ$4 ,,sizes4--,g5]ally long & n>r[ 7runn]s74 ,seldom small4 ,,prices4--,! antiques br+ fabul\s prices4 ,fragm5ts h sold 9 rec5t ye>s = #cjj to #ajjj1 & _m c>pets h br\ght f #ae1jjj to #be1jjj4 ,,rem>ks4--,extremely r>e4 ,almo/ impossible to secure a g5u9e specim54 ,! ,s>uks are ! ,ispahans ( ! pres5t day4 ,! antiques are examples ( ! mo/ p]fect weav+ skill4 ,_m ( ! s-call$ ,ispahans ( ! #af? & #ag? c5turies 7 really productions ( ,h]at4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,9 ?is *oice old piece ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! ,%ah ,abbas design1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( all anci5t designs1 is us$ freely 9 ! field & 9 ! ma9 bord] /ripe4 ,! fir tree & ! cl\d b& are also freely employ$ 9 ! field1 ! latt] %[+ ! ,mongolian influ5ce :i* 0 q prom95t 9 _m ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5tury pieces4 ,,jo%aghan ,,synonyms4--,djo%aghan1 ,dju%aghan1 ,y\raghan4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! ,p]sian village & ! di/rict ( ,jo%aghan1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to tw5ty2 numb] horizontally eight to tw5ty3 numb] to squ>e in* sixty-f\r to f\r hundr$4 ,,w>p4--,wool4 ,,wo(4--,wool4 ,,nap4--,f9e wool ( m$ium l5g?4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,a ?9 n>r[ web ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,usually ?ree bord] /ripes1 "o wide ) a n>r[ "o on ei!r side4 ,! wid] /ripe g5]ally has = ! gr\nd color a light] tone ( ! same color :i* pr$om9ates 9 ! field4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,s(t-ton$ colors simil> to ^? ( ! ,hamadan4 ,gr\nd is usually r$4 ,,dyes4--,spl5did 9 ! antiques4 ,,designs4--,g5]ally a sort ( scroll c>ri$ ?r\gh\t ! m>g9 ( ! field & =m+ m$allions4 ,a common design is a s]ies ( crosses ) angul> ends & adorn$ ) floral figures2 also ! eight-po9t$ /> betwe5 e f\r crosses arrang$ into a lattice4 ,!re are usually _m f\r-& six-petal$ roses4 ,,sizes4--,usually l>ge1 sev5 to n9e by t5 to f\rte54 ,,prices4--#b4jj to #e4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,antiques excell5t4 ,among ! be/ ,p]sian c>pets4 ,!y resemble some:at ! ,s>ab&4 ,n v common 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,s>ab& ,,synonyms4--,s]eb5d1 ,s>awan4 ,! f9e/ ones are sometimes call$ ,mir ,s>ab& & ! co>se/ ones are frequ5tly call$ ,selvile4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,a corruption ( ! ^w ,s>awan1 :i* is ! "n ( a m\nta9\s di/rict s\? ( ,f]aghan1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,antiques are always ti$ ) ! ,s5na knot4 ,"s ( ! mod]n ones are ti$ ) ! ,ghiordes knot4 ,numb] v]tically sev5 to f\rte52 numb] horizontally eight to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in* fifty-six to "o hundr$ eighty-eight4 ,,w>p4--,always cotton4 ,,wo(4--,always cotton1 sometimes dy$4 ,all good ,mir ,s>ab&s h a blue wo( ?read4 ,,nap4--,usually ev51 %ort cut1 silky wool4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/1 usually ) a d>k r$ wool4 ,,ends4--,"o end usually has a n>r[ web & %ort fr+e ( loose w>p ?reads1 :ile ! o!r is g5]ally a n>r[ web :i* is frequ5tly turn$ ov] & hemm$4 ,frequ5tly sev]al /r&s ( color$ wool run ?r\gh ! web1 z 9 ! ,kurdi% productions4 ,,bord]4--,usually f f\r to twelve bord] /ripes1 ! pr9cipal "o ( :i* is f ?ree to f\r in*es wide ) an ivory :ite backgr\nd & a v9e design runn+ ?r\gh x1 at ea* turn ( :i* is a leaf simil> 9 %ape to t 9 ! ,h]ati patt]n4 ,! v9e design is ne>ly always pres5t & *>act]izes ! ,s>ab& bord] f all o!rs4 ,! small] bord] /ripes are g5]ally fill$ by v>i\s well-kn[n designs1 su* z ! reciprocal trefoil1 ! b>b]-pole /ripe1 ! ,greek me&]1 etc4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,! field is g5]ally ( a d>k blue or a ri* r$4 ,9 antiques x is (t5 ( a p9k or rose %ade4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe is frequ5tly ( old ivory or r$1 :ile ! o!r bord] /ripes v>y1 mo/ ( !m z a rule be+ ! same color z t :i* pr$om9ates 9 ! field4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s>ab& ,,rug ,size #c' #d #e' ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mrs4 ,,?omas ,e4 ,,mat!ws1 ,,mt4 ,,clem5s1 ,,mi*4 ,,dyes4--,z a rule are excell5t4 ,9 ! mod]n products "s ( ^! colors are liable to be anil9e1 especially ! gre5s4 ,,designs4--,! field is almo/ inv>iably cov]$ ) ! pe> design arrang$ 9 r[s1 ! /ems ( ea* successive r[ runn+ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,?is is ne>ly always ! case & ) ! exception ( ! ,%iraz x seems to di/+ui% ! field f t ( o!r rugs su* z ! ,khorasan products1 :]e ! same design is frequ5tly us$ b :]e ! /ems usually run 9 ! same direction4 ,! ,mir ,s>ab& sometimes has a ,h]ati c5tre4 ,,sizes4--,?ree to five by f\r to n9e1 ?ree to n9e by twelve to tw5ty-f\r4 ,,prices4--#b4jj to #f4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,s>ab&s are usually firm 9 texture1 lie well1 nev] gr[ monoton\s1 &1 on ! :ole1 are mo/ satisfactory4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,?is piece beautifully illu/rates ! mo/ common ,s>ab& designs4 ,! field is cov]$ ) r[s ( ! pe> motif ^u a backgr\nd ( ri* d>k r$4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe c>ries ! *>act]i/ic ,s>ab& bord] design ^u a backgr\nd ( old ivory4 ,! wo( is dy$ light blue1 :i* %[s 9 ! webb+ at ea* end4 ,,s>uk ,,synonyms4--,s>\k1 ,s>ook4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ,s>uk1 a small village 9 ! ,f]aghan di/rict1 f :5ce !y come4 ,,knot4--,always ! ,s5na & usually z _m to ! squ>e in* z any rug except+ ! ,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically eight to tw5ty-two2 numb] horizontally six to tw5ty2 numb] to squ>e in* =ty-eight to f\r hundr$ =ty4 ,,w>p4--,z a rule cotton1 occasionally l954 ,,wo(4--,z a rule cotton1 occasionally l954 ,,nap4--,f9e silky wool cut %ort4 ,,weave4--,close & h>d4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ ) d>k wool or silk4 ,!y frequ5tly curl on acc\nt ( ! tightness ( ! weave4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ web & loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,?ree to five bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree4 ,g5]ally ! ,h]ati bord]1 occasionally ! mod]n =m ( ! ,%ah ,abbas bord] design4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually d>k seal br[ns1 gre5s1 & r$s4 ,g5]ally a field ( ivory1 blue or r$4 ,,dyes4--,g5]ally good except 9 "s ( ! mod]n pieces4 ,,designs4--,!re is always a m$allion4 ,fl[]s freely introduc$4 ,(t5 que]-%ap$ floral figures4 ,,sizes4--,?ree to five by five to tw5ty feet4 ,usually oblong4 ,,prices4--#b4ej to #f4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,sometimes call$ ! ,mod]n ,ispahan4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,two plates 9 color ( ,s>uks are giv5--at pages #dj & #aff1 ) description accompany+ ea*4 ,,sultanabad ,,synonyms4--,class$ z ,muskabad1 ,mahal & ,savalan1 accord+ to grade4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,muskabad is nam$ aft] ! village by t "n & ,savalan aft] a range ( m\nta9s 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,sultanabad di/rict1 :ile ,mahal is b a trade "n4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,9 ! ,sultanabad di/rict1 :i* is ! c5tre ( rug weav+ "u ,european control4 ,,knot4--,g5]ally ! ,ghiordes1 sometimes ! ,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically five to eight2 numb] horizontally six to f\rte52 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty to "o hundr$ twelve4 ,,w>p4--,cotton4 ,,wo(4--,cotton4 ,,nap4--,good quality ( wool1 usually ( m$ium l5g?4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,%ort web & loose w>p ?reads ( m$ium l5g?4 ,,bord]4--,usually ?ree bord] /ripes1 "o wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ei!r side4 ,! ,h]ati bord] design is ! mo/ frequ5t4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,bright r$s1 br[ns1 blues1 p9ks1 & gre5s ) :ite4 ,,dyes4--,a l>ge p]c5tage are anil9e dy$4 ,,designs4--,usually l>ge scrolls & floral patt]ns4 ,! ,h]ati design is q common4 ,,sizes4--,c>pet sizes only1 eight to fifte5 by t5 to tw5ty4 ,,prices4--,f #a4jj to #c4jj a squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,^? ) good dyes are q satisfactory1 b at ! pres5t "t mo/ ( ! products ( ,sultanabad are purely comm]cial products4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,?is piece mo/ beautifully %[s 9 its field ! ,guli ,h5na design1 :i* is s commonly employ$ 9 ! ,sultanabad products4 ,,niris ,,synonyms4--,l>i/an1 ,luri/an4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! salt lake ,niris 9 ! prov9ce ( ,l>i/an1 :]e !y are made by ! hillm5 :o inhabit ! upl&s ( t section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mahal ,,c>pet 7,,guli ,,h5na ,,design7 ,,loan$ ,,by ,,mr4 ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to twelve2 numb] horizontally five to eight2 numb] to ! squ>e in* =ty to n9ety-six4 ,,w>p4--,be/ /\t wool4 ,,wo(4--,be/ /\t wool4 ,,nap4--,be/ wool ( %ort or m$ium l5g?4 ,,weave4--,n s closely wov5 z ! be/ ,%iraz1 :i* !y v mu* resemble4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,a *eck$ selvage at ea* end ) a %ort fr+e ( w>p1 l ! ,%iraz4 ,,bord]4--,g5]ally f ?ree to five bord] /ripes1 "s ( :i* are q elaborate4 ,! b>b]-pole /ripe is commonly us$1 b g5]ally consi/s ( sev]al colors in/ead ( only two z 9 ! ,caucasian fabrics4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually r crude4 ,madd] r$ pr$om9ates4 ,,dyes4--,z a rule good4 ,,designs4--,! pe> patt]n is commonly employ$ & :5 us$ x sugge/s ! cr[n jewel1 be+ an assemblage ( po9ts r ?an ( l9es & m m9utely work$ out ?an are ! small] =ms s common to ! ,s>ab&4 ,no regul>ity ( design1 b q simil> to ! ,%iraz4 ,(t5 a pron\nc$ /rip$ effect4 ,alt]nat+ r[s ( geometrical & floral designs4 ,,prices4--,f #a4ej to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,/rong & durable4 ,few rea* ,am]ica4 ,!y seem m l products ( ,turke/an ?an ( ,s\!rn ,p]sia4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,?is p>ticul> design consi/+ ( r[s ( pe>s ) /ems ( alt]nate r[s turn$ 9 ! opposite direction is q common 9 rugs ( ?is class4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe 9 ?is piece also consi/s ( ! pe> motif on ea* side ( :i* is a b>b]-pole /ripe4 ,,%iraz ,,synonym4--,mecca1 s call$ because !y 7 s frequ5tly tak5 by ! %r9]s to ! holy city ( ,mecca4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,%iraz1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,g5]ally ! ,s5na1 sometimes ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically sev5 to sixte52 numb] horizontally six to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in* =ty-two to "o hundr$ n9ety-six4 ,,w>p4--,g5]ally heavy wool1 sometimes goats' hair 9 ! mod]ns1 & frequ5tly m ?an two wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,,wo(4--,always wool1 frequ5tly dy$4 ,,nap4--,lu/r\s1 s(t1 %ort wool4 ,,weave4--,r loosely wov5 z a rule4 ,illu/ration3 ,,niris 7,,l>i/an7 ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,,fr$]ic ,p4 ,,w>field1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ or braid$ ) wool ( two or m colors4 ,little tassels ( wool frequ5tly project f ! ov]ca/+ on ! sides4 ,,ends4--,web ( m$ium wid? at ea* end :i* is (t5 dy$ r$1 :ite1 & blue1 or a pla9 r$ selvage ) r[s ( color$ y>ns runn+ ?r\gh x4 ,,bord]4--,f two to sev5 bord] /ripes1 "s ( :i* frequ5tly c>ry a v9e to :i* are atta*$ oval-%ap$ fl[]s 9 alt]nate r$ & blue4 ,! b>b]-pole /ripe is frequ5tly employ$4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,ri* colors l w9e1 autumn foliage1 ! plumage ( birds1 deep ri* blues1 r$s1 yell[s1 gre5s2 usually d>k blue field4 ,,dyes4--,good4 ,,designs4--,pole m$allions almo/ univ]sal4 ,has z a rule m figures ( birds & animals ?an any o!r class ( rugs4 ,pe> patt]n v common4 ,! c5tre field is frequ5tly fill$ ) diagonal /ripes4 ,fl[]s scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! field4 ,,sizes4--,usually m$ium1 f\r to five by six to eight4 ,also c>pet sizes4 ,saddle bags are v common4 ,,prices4--#a4be to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,!y seldom lie well4 ,!y are (t5 crook$ & puff$ up4 ,! ,b]gama is ! only o!r rug made ) tassels along ! sides4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,! field c>ries an unusual d\ble arrangem5t ( ! pe> motif1 alt]nat+ ) small tree =ms4 ,! outside bord] consi/s ( small bird =ms1 ea* alt]nate r[ fac+ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,note ! elaborate webb+ at ea* end4 7,see also page #ajd47 ,pray] rugs ( ?is class are exce$+ly r>e1 9 fact !y are seldom se5 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?is "o is a gem1 b has lo/ its pr9cipal ,%iraz "* 9 t ! sides h be5 reov]ca/ ) wool ( "o color in/ead ( ) two or m colors1 z x orig9ally 04 ,ano!r v unusual feature is ! abs5ce ( two ( ! bord] /ripes on ! l[] end4 7,see also color plate at page #eb & d\bletone at page #bjh47 ,,h]at ,,synonyms4--,h]ati1 ,h]atee4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,probably s nam$ because ! ,h]ati design1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! rug1 orig9at$ 9 ! city ( ,h]at4 ,,by ,,:om ,,made4--,x is also said t ! weav]s ( ^! rugs 7 orig9ally f ,h]at4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,9 ! prov9ce ( ,khorasan4 ,,knot4--,usually ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to twelve2 numb] horizontally eight to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in* =ty-eight to "o hundr$ =ty-f\r4 ,,w>p4--,cotton4 ,silk 9 "s ( ! antiques4 ,,wo(4--,usually cotton1 sometimes wool4 ,z a rule dy$ br[n4 ,,nap4--,s(t1 glossy wool ( m$ium l5g?4 ,,weave4--,v closely wov54 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%iraz ,,rug ,size #c'f #d'h ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,/anton1 ,,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ web ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,usually f ?ree to sev5 bord] /ripes4 ,! ,h]ati design is common4 ,gre5 is usually ! backgr\nd ( ! ma9 bord] /ripe4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,brilliant r$s1 gre5s1 blues1 & yell[s1 also ivory4 ,(t5 a purpli% p9k ca/4 ,,dyes4--,unsurpass$4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,f]aghan4 ,mo/ always ! ,h]ati design1 ! leaves ( :i* are g5]ally %ad$ on "o side4 ,occasionally ! pe> patt]n ) ! /ems all fac+ 9 "o direction4 ,once 9 a :ile a m$allion c5tre4 ,,sizes4--,seldom small4 ,m$ium sizes are mo/ common4 ,"s runn]s & occasionally a saddle bag4 ,,prices4--#b4jj to #e4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,durable & heavy4 ,resemble ! ,khorasan 9 mo/ respects4 ,aiy9 & ,kay9 are names sometimes giv5 to a co>se =m ( ,h]at4 ,_m ( ! ,h]ats ( ! #af? & #ag? c5turies are n[ errone\sly call$ ,ispahans4 ,,khorasan ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! mo/ nor!a/]n prov9ce ( ,p]sia f :i* !y come4 ,,knot4--,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically eight to fifte52 numb] horizontally t5 to tw5ty-five2 numb] to squ>e in* eighty to ?ree hundr$ sev5ty-five4 ,,w>p4--,always :ite cotton4 ,,wo(4--,usually cotton1 occasionally wool4 ,,nap4--,f9e wool ( v>y+ l5g?s4 ,,weave4--,*>act]i/ic1 !re be+ f\r or m r[s ( knots ) no weft ?reads betwe51 !n sev]al weft ?reads1 etc41 giv+ a peculi> look to ! back ( ! rug & :5 x is b5t ! knots are %[n 9 gr\ps4 ,,sides4--,usually ov]ca/4 ,occasionally an add$ selvage4 ,,ends4--,fr+e ( loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,usually f ?ree to sev5 bord] /ripes1 mo/ frequ5tly ?ree1 "o wide "o & two n>r[ ones4 ,"s h z _m z sixte54 ,! ,h]ati bord] design is common4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,mag5ta is a prom95t color2 r$s1 blues1 gre5s1 p9ks1 & :ite4 ,usually a backgr\nd ( ri* r$1 blue1 or :ite4 ,,dyes4--,antiques all good4 ,mod]n pieces are usually poor4 ,,designs4--,pe> designs common4 ,animals & birds frequ5tly depict$4 ,! ,h]ati design is ! mo/ frequ5tly se54 ,m$allion c5tre ) corn]s to mat*4 ,two small pe>s re/+ _! /ems ^u a l>g] "o is a design also commonly us$4 ,! field is (t5 pla94 ,illu/ration3 ,,%iraz ,,rug ,,loan$ ,,by ,,mr4 ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley 7,see page #bjf7 ,,sizes4--,all sizes b mo/ly l>ge1 sev5 to fifte5 by t5 to tw5ty-five feet4 ,,prices4--#a4ej to #c4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,antiques durable1 pliable1 & s(t4 ,especially suitable = liv+ rooms1 libr>ies1 & halls4 ,mod]n ones are good 9 e respect except+ ! dyes4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,= description see tissue accompany+ color plate at page #cb4 ,,me%$ ,,synonyms4--,ma%h$1 ,me%ad4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ,me%$1 ! capital ( ,khorasan1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,usually ! ,s5na1 seldom ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically n9e to tw5ty2 numb] horizontally eight to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in* sev5ty-two to two hundr$ =ty4 ,,w>p4--,ne>ly always cotton1 seldom wool4 ,,wo(4--,usually wool1 frequ5tly cotton4 ,,nap4--,s(t1 silky1 ev5 wool ( v>y+ l5g?s4 ,,weave4--,*>act]i/ic ) its unev5 di/ribution ( wo( ?reads1 ev5 m s ?an 9 ! ,khorasan prop]4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ ) wool4 ,,ends4--,%ort web ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to sev5 bord] /ripes4 ,! ,h]ati design v common4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,! antiques h s(t1 subdu$ %ades ( blue1 gre51 & p9k1 also ivory1 :ile ! mod]n ones h r bright %ades ( ! same colors4 ,,dyes4--,9 ! antiques good4 ,9 ! mod]ns poor4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,khorasan prop]4 ,! pe> design pr$om9ates4 ,! ,h]ati is common4 ,animals & birds are frequ5tly repres5t$4 ,m$allion c5tre common4 ,,sizes4--,all sizes f ?ree to t5 by f\r to tw5ty feet or ev5 l>g]4 ,,prices4--#b4jj to #d4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,simil> 9 design to ! ,khorasan prop]1 b usually ( a f9] grade4 ,also heavi] & m durable4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,a color plate ( ?is beautiful rug may be se5 on page #bb4 ,its description is giv5 on ! accompany+ tissue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kirman ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #f' #d' ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mrs4 ,e4 ,n4 ,,trump1 ,,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,kirman ,,synonym4--,k]man4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! prov9ce & city ( ,kirman f :i* !y come4 ,,by ,,:om ,,made4--,by ! w&]+ tribes ( ,afgh>s4 ,,knot4--,always ,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically t5 to tw5ty-f\r2 numb] horizontally eight to tw5ty2 numb] to squ>e in* eighty to f\r hundr$ eighty4 ,,w>p4--,cotton always4 ,,wo(4--,usually wool1 frequ5tly cotton4 ,,nap4--,f9e silky & durable wool4 ,,weave4--,v f9e & close4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ web ) fr+e at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,?ree to eight bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree1 "o wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ei!r side4 ,frequ5tly !re is a n>r[ /rip ( pla9 rose color all ar\nd ! out] edge4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,light1 s(t1 delicate blue1 gre51 rose1 old gold1 & fawn4 ,,dyes ( ! be/4 ,,designs4--,tree ( life1 birds1 fruit1 b\quets1 vases2 m naturali/ic & less geometrical ?an any o!r ,ori5tal rugs4 ,frequ5tly a m$allion c5tre4 ,,sizes4--,all sizes f mats to c>pets4 ,,prices4--,f #b4jj to #e4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,g5u9e ,kirmans are r sc>ce because ( ! remot5ess ( ! di/rict f ! c5tres ( trade4 ,!y are n to be comp>$ ) ! ,k]man%ahs or ! ,turki% ,kirmans4 ,! latt] are co>se1 mod]n1 comm]cial products4 ,kirman rugs are s(t & durable4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,,holmes ,,rug 7page #bab74--,! field design1 consi/+ ( r[s ( vases fill$ ) r$ roses1 is q common to ?is class ( rugs1 b ! bord] is r unusual1 be+ a mixture ( ,p]sian & ,*9ese motifs4 ,,trump ,,rug 7page #baj74--;,a ma/]piece bo? 9 workman%ip & design4 ,9 ! pray] field is ! ,tree ( ,life re/+ 9 a l>ge urn4 ,note ! m$allion ) ,arabic inscriptions4 ,,kirman ,,saddle ,,bag 7page #cbf74--,! field is fill$ ) ! ord9>y ,kirman r5dition ( ! rose4 ,on "o end ( ! ,ghileem "p is a piece ( lea!r put !re by ! pr\d own] to prev5t x f we>+ by friction on ! donkey's neck4 ,und]nea? w be f\nd ! orig9al girdle & buckle4 ,,kurdi/an ,,prop] ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y are made4 ,a prov9ce occupy+ ! ea/]n "p ( ,turkey 9 ,asia & ! we/]n "p ( ,p]sia4 ,by ,:om ,made4--,,by ,,! ,,nomadic ,,tribes ,,:o live 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,kurdi/an4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kirman ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mrs4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,holmes1 ,,wat]bury1 ,,conn4 ,,knot4--,always ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to eight2 numb] horizontally six to t52 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty-six to eighty4 ,,w>p4--,d>k twi/$ wool or goats' hair4 ,usually gray4 ,,wo(4--,z a rule wool1 sometimes goats' or camels' hair4 ,usually sev]al wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,,nap4--,usually good heavy gray wool :i* is cut long2 sometimes goats' hair1 camels' hair1 or kurk4 ,,weave4--,g5]ally good1 ! knots be+ well ti$4 ,,sides4--,always ov]ca/1 frequ5tly ) diff]5t color$ wools1 mo/ frequ5tly br[n4 ,,ends4--,usually a ?ick n>r[ selvage ) knott$ fr+e or loose w>p ends4 ,ne>ly always "o or two l9es ( color$ wool run ?r\gh ! selvage4 ,?is is a ,kurdi% *>act]i/ic & is a di/+ui%+ feature4 ,(t5 ! web ( "o end is turn$ back & hemm$4 ,,bord]4--,f two to n9e bord] /ripes1 usually f ?ree to f\r1 "o wide "o ) "o or two n>r[ ones on ea* side4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe usually c>ries designs 9 pr(ile4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually d>k ri* r$s1 gre5s1 blues1 yell[s1 p9ks1 & t]ra cotta1 beautifully v>i$4 ,! %ad+ ( colors is also a ,kurdi% *>act]i/ic4 ,,dyes4--,usually ( ! be/4 ,! ,kurds h clung to ! old colors m ?an any ( ! o!r rug-mak+ p4 ,,designs4--,g5]ally wild1 irregul> figures ( v>i\s sizes scatt]$ c>elessly & ! int]vals fill$ ) small indi/9ct figures4 ,lattice designs ) ea* division fill$ ) floral =ms4 ,! ,h]ati & ! pe> designs are occasionally us$4 ,,sizes4--,seldom l>ge4 ,f f\r to five by sev5 to eight feet & occasionally 9 c>pet sizes4 ,,prices4--,usually f #j4ge to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,! pray] rugs are r>e & exp5sive4 ,,rem>ks4--,free/ ( all f outside influ5ces4 ,h>d :5 new b mo/ durable & satisfactory4 ,9 fact x is ! be/ mod]ate pric$ rug n[ on ! m>ket4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,^u a ri* blue gr\nd ! ,m9a ,khani design is accurately wr\ght1 & ! five-petal$ ,h5na blossoms are symmetrically plac$ 9 _! cu/om>y relation to ! d>k r$1 blue & gold5 yell[ floral rosette =ms di/ribut$ ov] ! field4 ,?ree r n>r[ bord]s surr\nd ! field1 ! middle "o ( :i* is yell[4 ,! inn] & out] bord]s c>ry tawny colors & small patt]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kurdi/an ,,rug 7,,m9a ,,khani ,,design7 ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,! ,,tiffany ,,/udios1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,! ,,turki% ,,classification ,illu/ration3 ,,kulah ,,he>? ,,rug ,size1 #g'b #d'd ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,nahigian ,,bros41 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,,own]s' ,,description4--,no rug ( any type t has come to our notice has _h a color tone t 0 s subdu$ & mell[ z ?is rug4 ,! arti/ :o conceiv$ & creat$ ?is ma/]piece seems to h wov5 into x a sugge/ion ( 8 dreamy nature4 ,he us$ %ades :]e o!rs w\ld h us$ colors & ! result is a beautiful /udy 9 br[ns4 ,! po9ts at bo? ends ( ! field indicate its use z a he>? rug or family rug1 an heirloom ab\t :i* "o g5]ation aft] ano!r ga!r$ & told & retold ! tales ( _! ance/ors4 ,x is su* rugs z ?is t 7 ! sanctu>y 9 t turbul5t l&2 /rang]s 7 f> f safe1 & especially memb]s ( "s oppos+ tribe1 b let !m once ga9 access to ! t5t 9 :i* 0 spread ! he>? rug1 & let !m place foot ^u x1 & !y became at once ! gue/ ( n only ! *ief b 8 :ole tribe1 & ! entire tribe 0 pl$g$ to _! safe keep+ until !y _h be5 safely sp$ ^u _! way4 ,! n>r[ ribbon /ripes on ! bord] ( ?is rug1 ) ! small floral conceits wov5 ?r\gh\t !m1 are typical ( ! old ,kulahs4 7,see page #bci7 ,illu/ration3 ,,turkey ,,! ,,turki% ,,classification ,! t]m ,turkey includes all portions ( ,asia ,m9or1 ! pr9cipal rug-weav+ di/ricts ( :i* are ,anatolia & ,kurdi/an4 ,! annual importations ( rugs into ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone f ,asia ,m9or am\nt to f #b1ejj1jjj to #c1jjj1jjj1 mo/ ( :i* are %ipp$ directly f ,con/ant9ople4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,asia ,m9or1 especially 9 ,ou%ak1 ,smyrna1 ,ghiordes1 ,kulah1 & ,sivas1 ne>ly e home has a loom1 "s two or ?ree1 & 9 _m places factories h be5 e/abli%$ by ,european & ,am]ican capitali/s2 ! weav]s are almo/ all ,arm5ian wom5 & *ildr51 ! latt] rang+ f f\r to ?irte5 ye>s ( age4 ,moslem wom5 & *ildr5 w n "w 9 factories4 ,z a rule ^! p e>n b>ely en\gh to clo! & fe$ !mselves1 b ^? :o h be5 able to lay by any?+ g5]ally inve/ _! e>n+s 9 c>pets1 z p ( o!r c\ntries (t5 d 9 diamonds & preci\s /ones1 h&+ !m d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation & sell+ "o :5 h>d press$ = money1 s t ! t\ri/ is (t5 surpris$ to f9d 9 ! homes a collection ( v valuable rugs4 ,! ,ghiordes knot is us$ exclusively & bo? w>p & wo( are always ( wool or goats' hair4 ,fully f\r-fif?s ( ! pres5t output are anil9e dy$4 ,! weave is co>s] & ! nap long] ?an 9 ! ,p]sian class & _m ( !m are crook$4 ,! designs1 :i* v>y little1 are m geometrical ?an are ^? ( ! ,caucasians4 ,! ,turks nev] weave figures ( birds1 animals & human be+s1 z _! religion =bids x4 ,^? ) a cross are always ,arm5ian1 z ! ,turks d n decorate ) ! cross1 :ile ^? ) ! pray] ni*e are always ,turki%1 z ! ,arm5ians nev] pray on _! rugs4 ,gre51 ! sacr$ color ( ! ,mohamm$ans1 is seldom us$ except 9 ! pray] rugs or ^? design$ = mosques4 ,mo/ ( ! l>ge ,turki% c>pets are mod]n & are made ne> ,smyrna4 ,_m ( ! mod]n fabrics be> no relation to antiques ( ! same "n4 ,! s\!rn "p ( ,arm5ia is call$ ,kurdi/an4 ,x is inhabit$ by w&]+1 w>like tribes ( ,nomads1 :o pa/ure _! flocks 9 ! s\!rn pla9s 9 ! w9t] & g to ! m\nta9 di/ricts 9 ! summ] "t4 ,! ,kurds possess ! skill ( %ad+ _! colors1 b ?is !y h ab&on$ ( late4 ,!y also scatt] small bits ( color ?r\gh a space o!rwise unoccupi$4 ,r$ is _! favorite color4 ,on ! foll[+ pages is giv5 a detail$ description ( ! v>i\s ,turki% rugs4 ,,kir ,,%ehr ,,synonyms4--,kirit ,%ehr1 ,kir%ehir1 ,kir%*]4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] a t[n ( t "n 9 ,turkey j s\!a/ ( ,smyrna1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically sev5 to twelve2 numb] horizontally six to t52 numb] to squ>e in* =ty-two to "o hundr$ tw5ty4 ,,w>p4--,wool1 dy$ ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! rug4 ,,wo(4--,wool1 dy$ ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! rug4 ,,nap4--,long1 fluffy wool4 ,,sides4--,color$ selvage1 sometimes add$4 ,,ends4--,a color$ web ( v>i\s l5g?s at ea* end1 also a fr+e ( loose or braid$ w>p ends4 ,"s ( ! small] mats h on ^! webs sev]al p>ti-color$ tufts compos$ ( all ! diff]5t color$ y>ns :i* are us$ 9 ! body ( ! rug4 ,,bord]4--,f five to eight bord] /ripes1 mo/ frequ5tly five1 ! ma9 /ripe c>ry+ ! mo/ pret5ti\s =m ( ornam5tation4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,brilliant r$s1 blues1 & gre5s1 especially ! latt]1 ( :i* !re are ph5om5al %ades skilfully bl5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kir ,,%ehr ,,pray] ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,e4 ,b4 ,,guile1 ,,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,dyes4--,z a rule spl5did4 ,,designs4--,attempt$ ,p]sian designs4 ,pray] design ) "o cross panel at ! bottom in/ead ( at ! top z 9 ! ,kulah4 ,,sizes4--,m$ium sizes only1 two & "o-half to f\r by f\r to six feet4 ,,prices4--,f #a4ej to #b4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,!y are v sc>ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y resemble ! ,b]gama & are ?ick & durable4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,ghiordes knot1 #g horizontal by #aj v]tical4 ,an unusual specim5 ( ,kir ,%ehr 9 pray] design1 m>k$ by a radical dep>ture f ! accept$ type ( pray] ar* =mation peculi> to ?is weave4 ,! flatness ( ! ar* & ! multiplicity ( bord]s & /ripes sugge/ ,kula influ5ce4 ,! out] bord]1 on ivory1 has a conv5tionaliz$ floral design1 gre51 yell[ & pale blue fl[] devices on wav+ v9e trac]y4 ,two m$ium /ripes 9 diff]5t r$ values enclose ! second bord]1 :i* c>ries ! ,s device 9 lav5d] & blue on black4 ,! inn] bord] displays ! c>nation 9 blue1 lav5d] & r$ on can>y4 ,! pray] field is flat & non-s]rate at top1 bord] outl9$ 9 an anci5t ,kir ,%ehr motif 9 r$ & a% :ite on light blue4 ,ab\t ! mihrab is an arrangem5t ( c>nations1 :ile ! top ( ar* & on out] side ( field are m p9ks & a small %rub device4 ,! field is 9 %ades ( rose1 ! s(t5$ end result ( an orig9al mag5ta1 & c>ries ?ree plateaus sup]pos$1 ea* su/a9+ f\r trees2 two be>+ fruits outl9$ aga9/ s(t gre5 foliage1 & ! o!r two1 conif]4 ,betwe5 ea* out] pair ( trees is a little temple4 ,above & bel[ 9 ! field are curi\s devices evid5tly pictur+ "s presumably sacr$ edifice4 ,?is rug be>s evid5ce ( age & use1 :ile ! *romatic ensemble is s(t & ref9$4 ,te*nically1 x has a two /r& yell[ selvage2 two r$ wool weft ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots1 & a two /r& cream wool w>p4 ,bo? ends are f9i%$ ) a %ort1 light br[n web & pla91 long fr+e4 ,,siegel ,,rug4--,?is piece is simil> to "o exhibit$ 9 ! ,b]l9 museum "u ! "n ( ,kir ,%ehr1 al?\gh x has "s *>act]i/ics ( o!r ,anatolian products1 su* z ! ,kulah1 ! ,konieh & ! ,meles4 ,hav+ only ! photograph to assi/ u 9 ! classification1 we are oblig$ to accept t ( ! ,b]l9 connoisseur4 ,,/anton ,,rug 7page #acj74--,! small bord] /ripes 9 ?is piece are ,kulah 9 "*1 :ile ! ma9 /ripe is f\nd m or less 9 all ! ,anatolian products1 especially ! ,ghiordes4 ,,ou%ak ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,ou%ak1 "o ( ! greate/ rug m>kets ( ,asia ,m9or1 on acc\nt ( its railroad connection ) ! ,m$it]ranean seabo>d4 ,,by ,,:om ,,made4--,mo/ly by ,greek ,mohamm$ans :o reside 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ou%ak4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically f\r to eight2 numb] horizontally f\r to t52 numb] to squ>e in* sixte5 to eighty4 ,,w>p4--,wool ( ! same grade z t 9 ! pile4 ,x is g5]ally dy$ ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! rug4 ,,wo(4--,wool1 same z t us$ = ! w>p & pile1 & x also is dy$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kir ,,%ehr ,,he>? ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,,h5ry ,,siegel1 ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 ,,nap4--,good wool ( v>y+ l5g?s4 ,,weave4--,loosely wov54 ,,sides4--,no rule4 ,,ends4--,no rule2 mo/ frequ5tly a %ort gre5 or r$ web ) loose w>p ?reads4 ,,bord]4--,no rule2 usually ?ree bord] /ripes1 "o wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ea* side4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually bright r$s1 gre5s1 blues1 br[ns1 & yell[s1 ) m or less :ite4 ,,dyes4--,anil9e mo/ly4 ,,designs4--,no rule4 ,g5]ally l>ge m$allions & geometrical figures4 ,"s are patt]n$ aft] ! ,p]sians & "s aft] ! ,turki% designs1 b ! great majority are ,european4 ,,sizes4--,mo/ly c>pet sizes f t5 to tw5ty-five by fifte5 to fifty feet4 ,usually ne>ly squ>e4 ,,prices4--#j4ge to #b4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,!re are sev]al v>ieties :i* 9 ord] ( excell5ce are nam$ ,guli/an1 ,enile1 ,k]man1 ,yaprak & ,sp>ta4 ,,k>aman ,,synonym4--,kaba ,k>aman4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! t[n ( ,k>aman1 s\!a/ ( ,konieh1 :]e !y are made by ,nomadic tribes ( ,turkoman desc5t4 ,! ^w ,kaba means co>se4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically f\r to six2 numb] horizontally f\r to eight2 numb] to squ>e in* t5 to =ty-eight4 ,,w>p4--,co>se wool4 ,usually dy$ r$4 ,,wo(4--,always co>se wool4 ,usually dy$ r$4 ,,nap4--,( m$ium or long1 co>se wool4 ,,weave4--,v loosely wov54 ,,sides4--,usually ov]ca/1 sometimes selvag$4 ,,ends4--,no special rule4 ,frequ5tly %ort web ) loose w>p ?reads4 ,,bord]4--,usually f ?ree to five bord] /ripes2 "o wide "o ) "o or two n>r[ ones on ei!r side4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually a great deal ( :ite ) d>k r$s1 blues1 gre5s1 & yell[s4 ,,dyes4--,good 9 antiques1 poor 9 ! mod]ns4 ,,designs4--,r bold ,caucasian designs4 ,,sizes4--,mo/ ( ^? :i* come to ,am]ica are small4 ,,prices4--,v *eap1 f #j4ej to #a4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,co>se & unattractive b r durable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,konieh ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #e'c #c'aj ,,loan$ ,,by ,,major ,l4 ,b4 ,,lawton1 ,u4 ,s4 ,,army ,,konieh ,,synonym4--,koniah4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,konieh 7! anci5t ,iconium71 capital ( ! prov9ce ( ! same "n1 :]e rug weav+ is an important indu/ry4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to twelve2 numb] horizontally sev5 to t52 numb] to squ>e in* fifty-six to "o hundr$ tw5ty4 ,,w>p4--,f9e wool 9 ! antiques2 co>se wool 9 ! mod]ns2 frequ5tly dy$4 ,,wo(4--,f9e wool 9 ! antiques2 co>se wool 9 ! mod]ns4 ,,nap4--,f9e select$ wool ( m$ium l5g?4 ,,weave4--,antiques ev5ly & tightly wov52 mod]ns loose & irregul> 9 weave4 ,,sides4--,antiques usually selvag$1 mod]ns usually ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,web & selvage1 sometimes fr+e ( loose w>p ends4 ,,bord]4--,z a rule !re are f ?ree to f\r bord] /ripes1 "o wide "o & two or ?ree n>r[ ones4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,antiques h s(t %ades ( blue1 r$1 & yell[4 ,no rule 9 ! mod]ns4 ,(t5 !re are two colors 9 "o y>n4 ,,dyes4--,spl5did 9 ! antiques4 ,"s ( ! mod]n ones are anil9e dy$4 ,,designs4--,r crude4 ,g5]ally pla9 c5tre4 ,pray] design common4 ,,sizes4--,?ree to five by f\r to sev54 ,also mats4 ,,prices4--,antiques r>e2 f #b4jj to #aj4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,mod]ns f #a4jj to #b4be p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,! mod]n pieces are l>ge & ?ick4 ,!y resemble ! ,ou%ak c>pets4 ,"s ( !m are ( /]l+ texture & good color & design1 :ile o!rs are v co>se & *eap 9 e way4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,,maj4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,lawton',s ,,description4--,a mo/ unique & r>e specim5 ( an obscure ,anatolian weave4 ,good ,koniehs are q z sc>ce z good ,kulahs or ,ghiordes1 are less kn[n & h !re=e less dem&4 ,! "r & left ,rhodian lilies are gre51 ! c5tre "o is azure--all on rose p9k4 ,! space above %ades f ,nile gre5 to sea gre54 ,ma9 bord] is gold5 buff4 ,?is old rug is z ?ick z a ,kazak4 ,= s(tness ( tone x rivals ! mo/ delicate silk rug4 ,,m]c] ,,rug 7page #ach74--,?is is a rug ( consid]able age1 & a v f9e specim5 ( its k9d4 ,! c5t] is 9 s(t t9ts ( undy$ wool1 :ile ! peacock blues ( ! field above ! ni*e are almo/ metallic 9 _! brilliancy & lu/re4 ,! delicate =m ( ! ,rhodian lily is us$ ) mu* nicety ( feel+ ?r\gh\t ! bord] & to break ! mass ( ! c5tre4 7,own]'s description47 ,illu/ration3 ,,mad5 ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #d'e #c'c ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,dr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,,guile1 ,,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,mujur ,,synonym4--,mad54 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,mujur 9 ! ,kir ,%ehr di/rict ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,konieh1 f :i* !y come4 ,,knot4--,always ! ,ghiordes4 ,,w>p4--,always ! wool4 ,,wo(4--,wool1 dy$ r$4 ,,nap4--,%ort wool4 ,,bord]s4--,usually ?ree bord] /ripes1 "o wide "o1 ) a n>r[ "o on ei!r side4 ,! ma9 /ripe usually c>ries floral =ms arrang$ 9 squ>e or diamond %ap$ m$allions4 ,! reciprocal saw tee? design is frequ5tly employ$4 ,,ends4--,usually a wide r$ web ) or )\t %ort knott$ w>p ends4 ,,sides4--,f9i%$ ) a ?ree or f\r cord$ selvage4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,r$1 gre51 blue1 cream1 & yell[4 ,,designs4--,?is class ( rug ne>ly always comes 9 ! pray] =m4 ,!re is g5]ally a cross panel above ! pray] ni*e & ! field is1 z a rule1 fill$ ) designs4 ,,sizes4--,f two & a half to five feet wide by f\r to sev5 long4 ,,prices4--,r high on acc\nt ( _! sc>city4 ,f #b4jj to #aj4jj a squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,?is class ( rugs is s r>e t x is n m5tion$ by any ( ! ,am]ican or ,engli% au?ors4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,?is rug comes f ! t[n ( ,mad51 9 ! ,kir ,%ehr di/rict ( ,konieh prov9ce4 ,mudj>1 a bett] kn[n rug produc+ t[n1 is )9 tw5ty miles4 ,x has ! rem>kable wool & dye qualities t make ! production ( ,kir ,%ehr4 ,?is rug is s v bright t ! ass]tion t x is fifty to sev5ty-five ye>s old might be disput$1 b ! unequal color erosion1 ! rem>kable bald %9e ( ! back1 & ! well m>k$ ?9n+ ( ! pile :]e ! knees ( ! devotee re/$ :ile at 8 devotion1 evid5ce its antiquity4 ,! panel ( lav5d] above ! pray] ar* is notable1 z is ! pigeon blood ruby ( ! field4 ,:ile ?is rug has evid5tly done duty = _m ye>s1 x 0 probably fold$ away aft] use at pray]1 & giv5 little exposure to sunlight4 ,,ladik ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,a corruption ( ! ^w ,laodicea1 ! "n ( a mo/ primitive old t[n ( #ejj population 9 ! mid/ ( a m\nd ( ru9s ne> ,konieh1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to twelve2 numb] horizontally eight to f\rte52 numb] to squ>e in* sixty-f\r to "o hundr$ sixty-eight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ladik ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #e'aj #c'aa ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,colonel ,,george ,g4 ,,briggs1 ,,gr& ,,rapids1 ,,mi*4 ,,w>p4--,always wool1 g5]ally ( a f9e texture & dy$ ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! rug4 ,,wo(4--,always wool & usually dy$ ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! rug4 ,,nap4--,9 ! antiques ! f9e/1 select$1 lu/r\s wool1 :i* is g5]ally cut %ort4 ,9 ! mod]ns a co>se wool ( loose texture4 ,,weave4--,antiques closely & ev5ly wov54 ,mod]ns loosely wov54 ,,sides4--,a fairly wide color$ selvage1 made by weav+ ! wo( ?reads ^u ?ree or f\r ( ! outside w>p ?reads4 ,sometimes ! selvage is add$4 ,,ends4--,usually a two-or ?ree-in* r$ web at ea* end1 :i* is frequ5tly /rip$ ) yell[ or blue4 ,a fr+e =m$ by ! loose w>p ends4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to five bord] /ripes1 g5]ally ?ree1 "o wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ea* side4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe 9 _m ( ! olde/ specim5s has ! ,rhodian lily design alt]nat+ ) ! rosette4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,subdu$ ri* colors4 ,usually gre5s1 r$s1 blues1 & yell[s1 ) m or less old ivory or :ite4 ,mag5ta is v frequ5tly employ$4 ,,dyes4--,good1 z a rule4 ,,designs4--,pray] design mo/ frequ5t4 ,! patt]n is s *>act]i/ic z to be unmi/akable4 ,figures are usually bold & l>ge 9 comp>ison to ! size ( ! rug4 ,! pray] ni*e always conta9s five tree-l bran*es alt]nately capp$ ) a floral & a geometrical design4 ,a mosque lamp usually hangs f ! ni*e4 ,,sizes4--,pray] rug sizes & mats simil> to ! s-call$ ,anatolian mats4 ,,prices4--,f #a4ge to #c4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,n _m mod]n ones4 ,!y some:at resemble ! ,b]gama1 b are some:at bright] & heavi]4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,maj4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,lawton',s ,,description4--,*oice antique ,ladiks are consid]ably r>] ?an ei!r ,kulahs or ,ghiordes4 ,_m collectors own+ all o!r ,anatolians h nev] se5 a ,ladik4 ,?is weave almo/ inv>iably %[s ! ,rhodian lilies bo? above & bel[ ! ni*e4 ,! specim5 "h %[n has a ri* r$ field d\bly hook$ ) gold2 spaces above & bel[ are g5tian blue1 ma9 bord] is yell[4 ,?is latt] color has until rec5tly be5 9 disfavor ) ,am]ican collectors2 b ! ,fr5* & ,g]man critics h always %[n a great lik+ = yell[1 & x is n[ com+ into its own 9 ,am]ica4 ,see also color plate at page #gd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yuruk ,,rug ,size #d'b #f'c ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,turn]1 ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 ,,yuruk ,,synonyms4--,yur\k1 ,y>uk4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,! ^w ,yuruk means m\nta9e]1 & ! rugs are s nam$ because !y are wov5 by ! m\nta9e]s :o w&] ) _! flocks on ! s\!rn & middle ranges ( ,anatolia4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to twelve2 numb] horizontally sev5 to t52 numb] to squ>e in* fifty-six to "o hundr$ tw5ty4 ,,w>p4--,br[n wool or goats' hair4 ,frequ5tly dy$4 ,,wo(4--,br[n wool or goats' hair4 ,frequ5tly dy$4 ,,nap4--,f9e1 long1 fluffy1 lu/r\s wool1 sometimes mix$ ) goats' hair4 ,,weave4--,loosely wov5 z a rule4 ,,sides4--,selvag$ ) goats' hair or ov]ca/ ) color$ y>ns4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ color$ webs ) w>p ends braid$4 ,,bord]4--,usually two or ?ree /ripes1 :i* are1 z a rule1 r n>r[ 9 proportion to ! size ( ! rug4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,brilliant d>k colors4 ,br[ns & blues seem to pr$om9ate4 ,,dyes4--,g5]ally good4 ,,designs4--,l>ge1 irregul>1 rude geometrical designs1 some:at simil> to ^? ( ! ,kazak4 ,! lat* hook is frequ5tly employ$4 ,,sizes4--,usually small4 ,,prices4--,f #a4ej to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,antiques glossy & r>e4 ,! mod]n ones are inv>iably crook$ & lack symmetry1 b we> well4 ,9 _m respects !y resemble ! ,kazaks4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,9 design ?is piece is m ,caucasian ?an ,turki%4 ,! ma9 bord] design is simil> to ^? s frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! old ,%irvans4 ,note ! lett] ,s1 bord]s1 ! t>antulas & ! swa/ikas4 ,,ak ,,hiss> ,,synonyms4--,akhiss>1 ,aks>1 ,ax>4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] a t[n by t "n ly+ 9 ! m\nta9s less ?an "o hundr$ miles nor? ( ,smyrna1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically f\r to eight2 numb] horizontally f\r to t52 numb] to squ>e in* sixte5 to eighty4 ,,w>p4--,co>se wool4 ,,wo(4--,co>se wool4 ,nap4--,?ick wool & mohair4 ,,weave4--,loosely wov54 ,illu/ration3 ,,ak ,,hiss> ,,pray] ,,rug ,size #e'i #c'g ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,colonel ,,george ,g4 ,,briggs1 ,,gr& ,,rapids1 ,,mi*4 ,,sides4--,usually ov]ca/1 occasionally selvag$4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ web at ea* end ) loose w>p ?reads4 ,,bord]4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,ghiordes4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,mo/ly d>k gre51 r$1 & blue1 ) "s :ite4 ,,dyes4--,l mo/ ( ! ,turki% rugs1 ! mod]ns are apt to be *emically dy$4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,ghiordes & ,ou%ak4 ,,sizes4--,f f\r to six by six to eight feet4 ,,prices4--,usually *eap4 ,,rem>ks4--,simil> to ! mod]n ,ghiordes4 ,v few rea* ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,maj4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,lawton',s ,,description4--,a typical specim51 %[+ d\ble & s+le lat* hooks 9 ! ni*e4 ,! eight bord]s might cause a beg9n] to "n ! rug ,kulah1 except = ! reason t ,kulahs are pal] 9 tone & usually mu* l>g]1 & decid$ly ?9n]4 ,a good ,ak ,hiss> is intr9sically wor? z mu* z a ,kulah ( same quality1 b1 be+ less r>e1 may be _h = ab\t t5 p] c5tum ( ! co/ ( a ,kulah4 ,?is ,ak ,hiss> is a /udy 9 rose & gre52 ! ni*e is rose1 ! oblong field is gre52 inside bord] is can>y1 next is black2 o!r bord]s alt]nate rose & ivory4 ,! patt]n above ! ni*e is a ,ghiordes conceit1 z is ! ma9 bord]4 ,,anatolian ,,prop] ,,synonym4--,ye/eklik1 a "n frequ5tly appli$ to ! mats4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! c\ntry ( ,anatolia1 :i* is ano!r "n = ,asia ,m9or4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,mo/ ( !m come f ! prov9ce ( ,angora & ,konieh4 ,! s-call$ ,anatolian mats come f all p>ts ( ,anatolia4 ,,knot4--,always ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to fifte52 numb] horizontally six to t52 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty-six to "o hundr$ fifty4 ,,w>p4--,always wool4 ,,wo(4--,always wool1 :i* is usually dy$4 ,,nap4--,usually a long1 %aggy1 s(t wool4 ,sometimes mohair4 ,,weave4--,v good z a rule1 b apt to be some:at irregul>4 ,,sides4--,always selvag$4 ,,ends4--,ne>ly always a wide r$ webb+ ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,f "o to six bord] /ripes1 mo/ usually ?ree4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,ri* r$s1 yell[s1 gre5s1 & blues1 ) m or less :ite4 ,,dyes4--,good 9 ! antiques4 ,few mod]n pieces t are n anil9e dy$4 ,,designs4--,usually bold geometrical designs4 ,e sort ( a device bo? curv$ & rectil9eal4 ,! lat* hook is especially common4 ,! pray] rugs are patt]n$ some:at aft] ! ,ghiordes & ,ladik4 ,,sizes4--,f "o to f\r by "o & "o-half to six feet4 ,seldom l>g]4 ,,prices4--,f #j4be to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,frequ5tly crook$4 ,attractive on acc\nt ( _! oddity4 ,v s]viceable4 ,"s ( ! antique ,anatolians are made 9 sections & aft]w>ds sew$ toge!r4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,see color plate at page #fj ) accompany+ description4 ,,b]gama ,,synonyms4--,b]gamo1 ,p]gamo4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,a corruption ( ! ^w ,p]gamo1 :i* is ! "n ( a small village ( #cjjj inhabitants1 ab\t =ty miles nor!a/ ( ,smyrna1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically t5 to f\rte52 numb] horizontally six to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in* sixty to "o hundr$ sixty-eight4 ,,w>p4--,always dy$ wool1 usually ( a spl5did quality4 ,,wo(4--,always dy$ wool4 ,,nap4--,! be/ s(t1 silky wool1 usually q long4 ,,weave4--,frequ5tly sev]al wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,,sides4--,usually broad r$ selvag$ sides1 made by weav+ ! wo( ?reads ^u ?ree or f\r outside w>p ?reads4 ,frequ5tly h small tassels ( wool along ! sides4 ,! only rug t has ^! except+ ! ,%iraz4 ,,ends4--,r broad web ) braid$ fr+e at ea* end4 ,! web (t5 c>ries a wov5 design or blue /ripes4 ,until rec5tly ! ,b]gama 0 ! only rug :i* sometimes _h rosettes wov5 on ! webb+4 ,n[adays an occasional ,anatolian may be f\nd ) ?is feature4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to five bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree4 ,!y are g5]ally wide ) fl[]s 9 pr(ile4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,r$1 gre51 blue1 yell[1 ivory1 & orange4 ,r d>k4 ,,dyes4--,ne>ly always ( ! be/4 ,,designs4--,! ,b]gama designs are some:at *>act]i/ic4 ,! ,b]gama weav]s are inv5tors ( patt]ns r ?an copyi/s4 ,m$allions frequ5t1 ) a well cov]$ field4 ,sometimes ! *eck]-bo>d patt]n4 ,figures g5]ally bold & l>ge 9 proportion to size ( ! rug4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b]gama ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,co4 ,,sizes4--,usually ne>ly squ>e4 ,"o & "o-half to f\r by two to six feet4 ,antiques usually run small] ?an ! mod]n ones4 ,,prices4--,r high4 ,f #b4jj to #aj4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,v sc>ce4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,,b]gama ,,rug4--,! unusual m$allion 9 ?is piece is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,b]gama only4 ,9 its c5tre is ! octagon & eight-po9t$ /> ( ! ,m$es1 a motif :i* is f\nd m or less 9 ne>ly all classes ( rugs1 b 9 none m frequ5tly ?an 9 ! ,b]gama4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe is compos$ ( lily blossoms 9 pr(ile & 9 full4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,b]gama ,,pray] ,,rug 7see page #df74--,knot3 ,ghiordes4 ,numb] to ! in*1 horizontally sev52 v]tically sev52 to ! squ>e in*1 sev5ty-sev54 ,b]gama pray] rugs are n (t5 se5 9 ?is c\ntry & ?is p>ticul> piece is a v uncommon & *oice "o4 ,! designs are unusual1 ! colors ! be/ & ! nap has ! hamm]$-brass appe>ance s common 9 _m ( ! old ,b]gamas4 ,! pray] field is ( a beautiful t]racotta2 ! space j above ! ni*e is 9 light & d>k blue2 ! panels c>ry mo/ peculi> geometrical designs 9 :ite1 yell[1 blue & br[n1 ! upp] "o on a gr\nd ( t]racotta & ! l[] "o on a gr\nd ( old rose4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe c>ries a v>iety ( nameless geometrical designs 9 r$1 yell[1 blue1 br[n & drab ^u a :ite backgr\nd4 ,! out] bord] /ripe consi/s ( an eight-petal$ fl[] alt]nat+ ) a motif :i* might h be5 int5d$ = ! w9e glass1 s frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! ,caucasian fabrics4 ,,ghiordes ,,synonyms4--,ghiordez1 ,gurdiz1 ,gu]di1 ,y\rdez1 ,yurdi1 & _m o!rs4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,ghiordes1 fifty miles nor? ( ,smyrna1 :]e !y are made4 ,x is ! anci5t ,gordium f :i* 0 nam$ ! ,gordian knot t ,alex&] ! ,great cut4 ,,knot4--,always ! ,ghiordes knot4 ,numb] v]tically eight to f\rte52 numb] horizontally eight to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in* sixty-f\r to "o hundr$ sixty-eight4 ,,w>p4--,usually wool1 antiques occasionally cotton or silk4 ,,wo(4--,usually cotton1 occasionally wool or l954 ,,nap4--,%ort1 f9e1 lu/reless wool1 occasionally cotton4 ,x has ! %orte/ nap ( any ( ! ,turki% rugs4 ,seldom acquires %e54 ,,sides4--,frequ5tly f9i%$ ) an add$ silk selvage 9 pale colors4 ,,ends4--,! fr+e on ! upp] end1 z a rule1 in/ead ( be+ a cont9uation ( ! w>p ?reads1 is a sep>ate piece sew$ on4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to t5 bord] /ripes1 usually "o wide & "o ) f "o to f\r n>r[] ones on ea* side4 ,a favorite arrangem5t is to alt]nate light & d>k bord] /ripes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ghiordes ,,pray] ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,! ,,tiffany ,,/udios1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,light blues1 yell[s1 r$s1 & gre5s4 ,usually consid]able :ite or ivory4 ,,dyes4--,( ! be/4 ,,designs4--,a great majority ( !m are ( ! pray] designs4 ,usually ) a c5tre ( solid color & two cross panels1 "o at ea* end ( ! field4 ,,sizes4--,usually pray] rug sizes4 ,mod]n ones run l>g] ?an ! antiques4 ,,prices4--,antiques exce$+ly high4 ,,rem>ks4--,antiques are among ! be/1 :ile ! mod]n ones are among ! poore/4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,! field ( ?is old ,ghiordes rug is ( jade gre51 edg$ ) small fl[] =ms 9 cream1 can>y color1 & br[n4 ,! high pray] ni*e p5etrates ! light blue space 9 :i* is a mo/ symmetrical & =mal arrangem5t ( a leaf work$ 9 light gre51 br[n & r$4 ,! out] & inn] bord] /ripes c>ry ! ,ghiordes ,t>antula design1 & 9 ! ma9 bord] ! design is squ>$ (f 9 tile fa%ion1 a /iff leaf 9 light blue fill+ "o-half ! squ>e & two r$ blossoms ) yell[ c5tres ! o!r half4 ,! /ems are wr\ght 9 d>k br[n4 ,see also color plate1 page #ff4 ,,kulah ,,synonyms4--,k\la1 ,c\la4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! t[n ( ,kulah1 :i* is s\!a/ ( ,ghiordium & ea/ ( ,smyrna1 9 ! vic9ity ( :i* !y are made4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to twelve2 numb] horizontally eight to f\rte52 numb] to squ>e in* sixty-f\r to "o hundr$ sixty-eight4 ,,w>p4--,always f9e wool4 ,,wo(4--,usually f9e wool4 ,mod]ns occasionally ( cotton4 ,,nap4--,f9e1 %ort1 silky wool 9 ! antiques1 mohair 9 "s ( ! mod]n ones4 ,,weave4--,g5]ally close1 well ti$ knots4 ,,sides4--,antiques always selvag$1 mod]ns usually ov]ca/ & occasionally selvag$4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ web ) loose w>p ends4 ,g5]ally dy$ yell[4 ,,bord]4--,f sev5 to f\rte5 bord] /ripes1 hav+ z a rule m ?an any o!r class ( rugs4 ,usually "o wide /ripe ) a multiplication ( peculi>ly m>k$ small ones1 :i* alt]nate 9 colors & c>ry m9ute designs4 ,a di/+ui%+ feature is ! s-call$ ,kulah bord] /ripe1 :i* consi/s ( ! repetition ( a figure :i* some:at resembles an alligator & is q ,*9ese 9 "*4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,9 ! antiques1 r$1 blue1 gold5 br[n1 & yell[ are ! prevail+ colors4 ,! mod]n ones h a purpli% t9t in/ead ( crimson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kulah ,,pray] ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,! ,,tiffany ,,/udios1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,dyes4--,9 ! antiques ! dyes are ( ! be/4 ,anil9es are frequ5tly us$ 9 ! mod]n product4 ,,designs4--,! great majority ( ! ,kulah rugs are ( ! pray] v>iety4 ,! inn] field is frequ5tly fill$1 or p>tly fill$1 ) small floral patt]ns4 ,a figure resembl+ ! ,%amrock is q common4 ,usually "o panel above ! pray] field1 :]eas ! ,ghiordes g5]ally has two panels3 "o above & "o bel[ ! pray] field4 ,,sizes4--,antiques f ?ree & "o-half to five by five to sev5 feet4 ,mod]ns all sizes f mats to c>pets4 ,,prices4--,antiques co/ly1 f #e4jj to #bj4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,mod]n ones *eap1 f #a4ej to #d4jj4 ,,rem>ks4--,s simil> to ! ,ghiordes t x is sometimes difficult to diff]5tiate4 ,( ! mod]n ones ! bett] grades are made by ! ,*ri/ians1 :ile ! poor] grades are made by ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,! di/+ui%+ features ( ! ,kulah are fir/ its *>act]i/ic bord] /ripes1 second ! fill$ or p>tly fill$ c5tre field1 :ile 9 ! ,ghiordes ! c5tre field is g5]ally ( a solid color1 & ?ird1 ! s+le panel1 :ile ! ,ghiordes g5]ally has two panels4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,! color+ 9 ?is rug has a gem-l brilliancy comb9$ ) great ref9em5t4 ,! field is ( deep ri* blue1 & ! fl[] =ms t re/ ^u x are ( s(t can>y & azure4 ,sev5 bord]s alt]nately ( tan & blue surr\nd ! field & c>ry ! fleck design commonly f\nd 9 bord]s ( ?is /yle4 ,occasional t\*es ( blood r$ are also di/9ctive features ( ^! ,kulah fabrics4 ,,meles ,,synonyms4--,melhaz1 ,melace1 ,milas1 ,c>ian1 ,k>ian4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,a corruption ( ! ^w ,milassa1 ! "n ( a t[n a few miles s\?we/ ( ,smyrna1 :]e !y are m>ket$4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,9 "s ( ! seacoa/ t[ns s\? ( ,smyrna & on _m ( ! scatt]$ isl&s 9 ! ,gulf ( ,makri4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically five to t52 numb] horizontally f\r to n9e2 numb] to squ>e in* tw5ty to n9ety4 ,,w>p4--,wool1 (t5 color$ at ! end4 ,,wo(4--,cotton or wool1 mo/ frequ5tly ! =m]4 ,,nap4--,co>se1 loose1 lu/r\s wool1 g5]ally cut %ort4 ,,sides4--,selvag$4 ,?is selvage is =m$ by ! wo( ?reads :5 !y are wool & add$ on :5 ! wo( ?reads are cotton4 ,,ends4--,web ( v>y+ l5g? at ea* end ) fr+e ( loose w>p ?reads4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antique ,,meles ,,rug ,size #f' #d' ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mrs4 ,,lieb] ,,:ittic ,,bord]4--,g5]ally six or m bord] /ripes2 ! wid] "o usually c>ries fl[]s 9 pr(ile4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,! antiques are not$ = _! ri* gold5 yell[ comb9$ ) blues1 r$s1 & gre5s4 ,,dyes4--,g5]ally good4 ,"s ( ! mod]n pieces are dy$ ) brilliant *emical dyes4 ,,designs4--,mo/ly ,caucasian 9 "*4 ,! lat* hook is prom95t4 ,besides ! usual pray] designs1 p]p5dicul> /ripes ( yell[1 r$1 & blue1 ) zigzag l9es runn+ ?r\gh !m1 are *>act]i/ic designs ( ! ,meles4 ,_m small deta*$ figures4 ,,sizes4--,usually small & almo/ squ>e4 ,?ree to f\r by f\r to five feet4 ,,prices4--,antiques are r>e & few ( ! mod]n pieces rea* ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f #a4ej to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,!y are simil> to ! s-call$ ,anatolian1 b are light] 9 color & wov5 bett]4 ,9 "s respects !y resemble ! ,b]gama4 ,gett+ sc>ce z few new ones are wov54 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,?is rug comes f a city ( great antiquity 9 ,s\?we/]n ,asia ,m9or1 ne> ! coa/1 opposite ! isl& ( ,rhodes4 ,! design & color+ are ar*aic 9 simplicity & sugge/ ! int]e/s ( a p dwell+ by ! sea4 ,obs]ve ! turtle figures int]sp]s$ betwe5 ! curves ( v9e 9 ! panels2 also ! f9-l appe>ance ( ! leaf-=ms atta*$ to ! v9e1 ! l9e ( fi%-hook heads bord]+ ! panels & wave design on ei!r side ( same4 ,! /rip$ "* ( ! field is a feature to be not$ 9 ?is rug1 also ! introduction ( an exceptional design 9 ! f\r? /ripe4 ,! bord] is se5 to be v inconspicu\s & ( rem>kably few /ripes = a product ( ! ,anatolian c\ntry4 ,! simple nature ( ! small deta*$ floral =ms indicates an e>ly orig91 be=e ! enri*+ influ5ce ( ! ,p]sian invasion4 ,brilliant colors 7 *os5 = use 9 ! rug1 ?\gh ( su* mell[ tone z to be 9 excell5t1 subdu$ h>mony4 ,! pr$om9at+ colors are gold5 can>y-yell[1 madd] r$1 & gre51 ) blue1 violet & :ite z second>y tones4 ,! %ades 9 :i* ^! colors appe> are q indescribable1 d\btless on acc\nt ( c>eless me?ods ( dye+ or ! *ances ( home-made mixtures4 ,?us ! gre5 is ( a blui% ca/1 ! blue is mottl$ ) light] %ades 7a well-kn[n *>act]i/ic ( ?is v>iety ( rug7 & ! violet1 :i*1 z ! mo/ typical & exclusive ( ,meles colors1 %\ld be pure 9 tone1 is ( d+y look1 app>5tly hav+ succe$$ br[n 9 ! dye-pot4 ,all ! colors h rema9$ absolutely fa/1 despite ! long exposure ( "t4 ,! kaleidoscopic effect :i* has be5 not$ z a quality 9 _m old ,meles rug patt]ns1 may be easily detect$ 9 ?is specim54 ,,/anton ,,rug4--,a mu* f9] weave ?an ! av]age rug ( ?is class & a v attractive design4 ,note ! peculi> %ape ( ! field :i* is not*$ 9 in/ead ( out1 z 9 ! majority ( he>? rugs4 ,! yell[ & ! plum colors 9 ! ma9 bord] /ripe are seldom f\nd 9 any o!r class ( rugs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,meles ,,rug ,size #c'c #d'g ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,/anton1 ,,auburn1 ,n4,y4 ,,makri ,,synonym4--,megri4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! ,gulf ( ,makri4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,on ! isl&s 9 ! ,gulf ( ,makri & 9 ! t[ns along its coa/4 ,,knot4--,always ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically f\r to eight2 numb] horizontally f\r to eight2 numb] to ! squ>e in* sixte5 to sixty-f\r4 ,,weave4--,q simil> to t ( ! ,meles1 b a trifle co>s]4 ,,w>p4--,:ite or gray wool4 ,,wo(4--,:ite or gray wool4 ,,nap4--,( long wool1 usually f #c_/h to #c_/d ( an in* long4 ,,sides4--,usually f9i%$ ) a ?ree or f\r cord$ selvage4 ,,ends4--,a wide web ?r\gh :i* g5]ally run blue & r$ /ripes ) or )\t a knott$ me% & loose w>p ends4 ,,bord]s4--,usually ?ree /ripes1 ! designs ( :i* are1 z a rule1 less floral 9 "* ?an are ^? ( ! ,meles4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,q simil> to ^? employ$ 9 ! ,meles1 especially ! yell[s1 r$s1 blues & plum color4 ,unlike ! ,meles1 !y usually c>ry gre54 ,,designs4--,a sort ( a mixture ( ! ,meles & ,caucasian designs4 ,! field is mo/ frequ5tly compos$ ( two or ?ree panels :i* v mu* resemble ^? ( ca!dral w9d[s4 ,,sizes4--,f ?ree & a half to f\r & a half feet wide by five to sev5 feet long4 ,,prices4--,z !y are seldom f\nd 9 ! m>ket x is difficult to place any /at$ value on !m4 ,,rem>ks4--,"o ( ! r>e/ rugs 9 exi/5ce4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,! weave1 ! tawny yell[ & ! motives 9 ! "r h& panel are typically ,meles2 ! motives 9 ! left h& panel are m l ^? f\nd 9 ! ,b]gama products2 & ! cross panel at ! upp] end ( ! field is a ,kulah or ,ghiordes feature4 ,! wide web at ei!r end ) ! v>icolor$ /ripes is a feature q =eign to ! ,anatolian products4 ,,smyrna ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,because !y are m>ket$ at ,smyrna4 ,smyrna itself is n a c5tre ( rug weav+1 b ^! rugs come f ! t[ns ( ! we/]n prov9ces ( ,turkey 9 ,asia1 namely1 ,aid9 & ,br\sa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,makri ,,rug ,size #c'aa x #e'aj ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,/anton1 ,,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically f\r to eight2 numb] horizontally f\r to t52 numb] to squ>e in* sixte5 to eighty4 ,,w>p4--,co>se wool4 ,,wo(4--,co>se wool1 g5]ally dy$4 ,,nap4--,loosely wov54 ,,weave4--,loosely wov5 & c>elessly ti$4 ,,sides4--,no rule1 mo/ frequ5tly %ort web ) loose w>p ends4 ,,bord]4--,no rule2 g5]ally ?ree bord] /ripes1 "o wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ea* side4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,no rule4 ,bright r$s1 blues1 & gre5s are commonly employ$4 ,,dyes4--,g5]ally *emical4 ,,designs4--,any?+ & ev]y?+1 l>gely ,european & seldom arti/ic4 ,,sizes4--,c>pet sizes only4 ,,prices4--,f #a4jj to #a4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,no antiques4 ,! mod]n ones are purely comm]cial creations4 ,,mosul ,,synonyms4--,m\s\l1 ,m\ss\l4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! t[n ( t "n 9 ,mesopotamia1 :]e !y are m>ket$4 ,!y are made by ! ,kurds :o inhabit ! m\nta9\s di/ricts nor? ( ,mosul ar\nd ,lake ,van4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to eight2 numb] horizontally six to t52 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty-six to eighty4 ,,w>p4--,usually co>se1 d>k wool or goats' hair4 ,occasionally cotton4 ,,wo(4--,usually co>se1 dy$ wool4 ,,nap4--,excell5t1 long1 lu/r\s wool1 camels' or goats' hair4 ,,weave4--,"s closely & tightly wov51 b ! majority are r loosely wov54 ,,sides4--,cord$ edges ov]ca/ ) d>k wool4 ,frequ5tly ov]ca/ ) wool ( diff]5t colors aft] ! ,kurdi% fa%ion4 ,occasionally selvag$4 ,,ends4--,at ea* end a n>r[ selvage ) "o or m /ripes ( color$ y>n runn+ ?r\gh1 usually r$ & blue4 ,z a rule "o ( ^! selvages is turn$ ov] & hemm$1 :ile ! o!r is f9i%$ ) braid$ w>p ?reads :i* are knott$ at ! ends4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to six bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree1 :i* are sep>at$ by l9es ( d>k blue or br[n4 ,frequ5tly !re is consid]able camels' hair 9 ! bord]4 ,! ,s>ab& patt]n is sometimes copi$4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually d>k1 ri* blues1 yell[s1 gre5s1 r$s1 & br[ns4 ,! br[ns & yell[s pr$om9ate z a rule4 ,^! colors are %ad$ z only ! ,kurds "k h[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mosul ,,rug ,size #d' #g'b ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mrs4 ,,lieb] ,,:ittic ,,dyes4--,z a rule excell5t except 9 a small proportion ( ! mod]n pieces4 ,,designs4--,a multitude ( designs :i* are usually r /rik+ 9 "*4 ,probably patt]n$ m aft] ! ,p]sian designs ?an any o!rs4 ,! ,s>ab& & ! ,h]ati patt]ns are frequ5tly us$4 ,m$allions fill$ ) ! pe> or o!r small designs4 ,,sizes4--,usually ?ree to f\r by f\r to sev5 feet1 runn]s f two to f\r by eight to tw5ty feet4 ,saddle bags4 ,,prices4--,among ! be/ mod]ate pric$ rugs4 ,f #a4jj to #b4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,be/ 9 ! m>ket = v h>d s]vice4 ,q ?ick & heavy & g5]ally lie well4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,?is type ( rug comes f ! l>ge/ rug-produc+ c5tre ( ,ea/]n ,asia ,m9or4 ,! specim5 %[n illu/rates ! ,mosul at its be/1 z to clos5ess ( weave1 l5g? ( pile1 symmetry ( design & ri*ness ( color+4 ,! sup]b lu/re ( ! wool1 comp>able only to a silk plu%1 & ! great s(tness ( ! long pile--features :i* h made fam\s ! rugs f ?is region--are "h conspicu\s4 ,9 %ape & design also ! specim5 is typical4 ,! field is compos$ ( diamond-%ap$ sections outl9$ 9 black & decorat$ ) ! conv5tionaliz$ t>antula4 ,by plac+ ^! sections diagonally a lattic$ effect is produc$4 ,! usual bord] plan ( ?ree /ripes1 two n>r[ ones sep>at$ by a broad]1 appe>s "h4 ,! n>r[ /ripes are 9 ! famili> fl[]-&-v9e design1 ! broad /ripe 9 a =mal arrangem5t ( rosette & h\r-glass1 all con=m+ to ! geometrical & rectangul> l9es ( ,turki% design4 ,! color s*eme ( ! piece is rem>kable = its h>mony4 ,! dom9ant color is w9e1 introduc$ 9 _m beautifully bl5d$ %ades1 & reliev$ ) correspond+ly s(t tones ( old blue & gre51 ! :ole illum9at$ ) well-arrang$ b&s ( :ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%irvan ,,rug ,size #g'c #d' ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,knot3 ,ghiordes4 ,sev5 to ! in* horizontally & n9e v]tically1 mak+ sixty-?ree to ! squ>e in*4 ,a spl5did specim5 ( ,caucasian weav+1 be+ a p]fect gem = color1 quality & %e51 al?\gh 9 design x diff]s some:at f ! ord9>y ,%irvan4 ,! field is cov]$ ) octagons ea* ( :i* conta9s an eight-petal$ fl[]1 no two ( :i* are alike 9 color4 ,^u close inspection x is noticeable t ! ends ( "s ( ! petals are f9i%$ 9 a color entirely diff]5t f t ( ! re/ ( ! petal4 ,betwe5 ! octagons are /rewn v>i\s floral1 pe> & goat =ms & ! weav] has indulg$ 9 ! ,kurdi% trick ( %ad+ ! backgr\nd1 :i* %[s no less ?an ?ree di/9ct %ades ( gre54 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe consi/s ( a me&]+ v9e ) a leaf =m at ea* turn & on ea* side ( ?is is a n>r[ /ripe c>ry+ ! ,greek me&]1 ! out] "o on a field ( yell[ & ! inn] "o on a field ( r$4 ,?is is a v old piece ) dyes equal to ^? f\nd 9 any "p ( ! ,ori5t1 ev5 9 old5 times1 & al?\gh ! colors are r pron\nc$ !y are v pleas+ to ! eye4 7,see page #bfe7 ,illu/ration3 ,,russia ,,! ,,caucasian ,,classification ,caucasia & ,transcaucasia =m an i/hmus connect+ ,europe & ,asia4 ,x is b\nd$ on ! we/ by ! ,black ,sea & on ! ea/ by ! ,caspian ,sea & x has an area ( ab\t #aff1ejj squ>e miles1 ) a population ( ne>ly t5 million4 ,x 0 once ,p]sian t]ritory1 b 0 acquir$ by ,russia 9 #ahac4 ,n[h]e 9 ! _w is !re su* a mixture ( races & languages1 ! numb] ( dialects be+ e/imat$ at ab\t sev5ty4 ,! c>pets ( ! ,caucasians are 9 color+ & 9 design id5tical ) ^? ( ,anci5t ,assyria & ,babylon & !y h pres]v$ _! orig9al *>act]i/ics1 b alas1 n _! orig9al dyes1 = "h too ! coal-t> products h be5 well receiv$ by ^! wild m\nta9e]s4 ,! ,caucasian rugs are *>act]iz$ by _! prom95t bord]s & _! purely geometrical patt]ns ) %>p outl9es4 ,bo? w>p & wo( are usually ( wool except+ 9 "s ( ! ,kabi/ans & ,%irvans &1 z a rule1 ! ends are f9i%$ ) loose or braid$ w>p ?reads4 ,! pr$om9at+ colors are ! blues & yell[s4 ,!y are seldom made 9 l>ge sizes4 ,"s ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic designs are ! eight-po9t$ /> ( ! ,m$es1 ! six-po9t$ /> ( ! ,mohamm$ans1 ! triangle1 ! diamond1 ! lat* hook1 ! b>b]-pole /ripe1 ! t>antula1 ! swa/ika1 ! reciprocal trefoil1 ! l9k-9-loz5ge & ! tree ( life4 ,,daghe/an ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,daghe/an means m\nta9 l& & is ! "n ( a di/rict 9 ,caucasian ,russia on ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,x has a population ( #fjj1jjj4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically t5 to fifte52 numb] horizontally eight to f\rte52 numb] to squ>e in* eighty to two hundr$ t54 ,,w>p4--,usually wool1 be+ z a rule a d>k br[n or natural color 9 ! antiques & :ite or gray 9 ! mod]ns4 ,"s ( ! mod]ns h a comb9ation ( cotton & wool4 ,! w>p ?reads may be compos$ ( "o /r& ( cotton & "o ( wool 9 su* a way z to cause a puck]+ ( ! fabric1 especially aft] x has be5 wet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,daghe/an ,,rug ,,own$ ,,by ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,co4 ,,wo(4--,9 ! mod]ns ne>ly always cotton4 ,9 ! antiques usually :ite or gray wool or a mixture ( ! two4 ,,nap4--,f9e silky wool cut %ort4 ,,weave4--,z a rule f9ely & closely wov54 ,,sides4--,selvag$ or ov]ca/ ) color$ wool4 ,,ends4--,a n>r[ selvage ) loose or knott$ w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,?ree or m bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree1 c>ry+ small figures & sep>at$ by n>r[ /ripes ( solid colors4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe mo/ frequ5tly has a cream color$ gr\nd4 ,! lob/]1 ! crab1 ! reciprocal trefoil1 ! reciprocal saw-tee?1 ! w9e glass1 ! b>b]-pole /ripe1 & ! ,georgian bord] designs are frequ5tly employ$4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,! c5tral gr\nd is usually ivory ) figures 9 ! diff]5t t9ts ( r$1 blue1 gre51 & yell[4 ,,dyes4--,9 ! antiques all good4 ,"s ( ! mod]ns are anil9e dy$4 ,,designs4--,! same patt]ns are employ$ z 7 9 vogue c5turies ago4 ,diagonal ornam5tation ( bo? bord] & field is frequ5tly employ$ z 9 _m ( ! ,kabi/ans4 ,floral =ms seldom us$4 ,! c5tre is nev] pla91 b is always fill$ ) small geometrical figures4 ,! t>antula1 ! swa/ika1 ! l9k1 ,s =ms1 octagon1 eight-po9t$ />1 & ! lat* hook v>iations are common4 ,! ,greek cross is almo/ omnipres5t4 ,,sizes4--,f two & "o-half to sev5 by f\r to t5 feet4 ,,prices4--,antiques r>e2 mod]ns *eap1 f #a4jj to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,frequ5tly crook$4 ,! ,%irvan & ,kabi/ans are (t5 sold z ,daghe/ans4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,,color ,,plates ) accompany+ descriptions at pages #hd & #bib4 ,,d\bletones ,,daghe/an ,,rug 7page #bed7 ,l mo/ rugs ( its class ?is piece consi/s :olly ( geometrical devices su* z ! lat* hook1 />1 octagon1 b>b]-pole /ripe1 etc41 all spaces be+ fill$ ) designs ( v>i\s sizes4 ,ea* motif consi/s ( ?ree eight-po9t$ /> =ms1 "o )9 ano!r4 ,! second & ?ird bord]s are purely ,caucasian & repres5t a twig ) two leaves & a fl[]4 ,?is motif is seldom f\nd 9 any b ! ,caucasian fabrics4 ,,daghe/an ,,pray] ,,rug 7see page #bef7 ,! mo/ common =m ( ,daghe/an pray] rug ) its ,caucasian ni*e & lattice field1 ea* squ>e ( :i* is fill$ ) a peculi> rectil9eal floral =m4 ,all ( ! bord] designs are *>act]i/ically ,caucasian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,daghe/an ,,pray] ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,h4 ,b4 ,,clafl9 ,,co4 7,description on page #bef7 ,,d]b5d ,,synonym4--,d]b5t4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,d]b5d1 mean+ a =tifi$ gate1 is ! "n ( ! *ief city & capital ( ! prov9ce ( ,daghe/an1 9 ! neighborhood ( :i* ^! rugs are made by ! ,t>t>s & ,turkomans4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to twelve2 numb] horizontally five to t52 numb] to squ>e in* =ty to "o hundr$ tw5ty4 ,,w>p4--,br[n wool or goats' hair4 ,,wo(4--,good wool4 ,usually m ?an two wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,,nap4--,good1 s(t1 ?ick1 long1 lu/r\s wool4 ,,weave4--,v good1 b n z close z t ( ! ,daghe/ans4 ,,sides4--,g5]ally ov]ca/4 ,occasionally selvag$4 ,,ends4--,l ! ,daghe/ans1 a %ort web ) knott$ fr+e at ea* end4 ,sometimes ! web is wide z 9 ! ,turkoman products4 ,,bord]4--,f two to f\r bord] /ripes1 c>ry+ l>ge geometrical patt]ns sep>at$ by n>r[ /ripes ( pla9 color4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,few] colors ?an ! ,daghe/ans4 ,usually a field ( blue or r$4 ,yell[ is lavi%ly employ$4 ,,dyes4--,g5]ally good4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,daghe/ans & ,kabi/ans1 b ( a co>s] nature & purely geometric1 ! lat* hook & ! eight-po9t$ /> devices be+ ! mo/ common4 ,! field usually consi/s ( a repetition ( ! designs 9 alt]nate colors4 ,,prices4--,f #j4ej to #b4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,r r>e4 ,( little arti/ic value4 ,,kabi/an ,,synonyms4--,cabi/an1 ,kuban4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! di/rict ( ,kuba1 :i* lies s\?we/ ( ,daghe/an ne> ! ,caspian ,sea1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically t5 to sixte52 numb] horizontally eight to f\rte52 numb] to squ>e in* eighty to two hundr$ tw5ty-f\r4 ,,w>p4--,sometimes cotton1 sometimes wool4 ,!y diff] f ! ,daghe/ans 9 t ! latt] always h wool w>p4 ,,wo(4--,usually cotton4 ,occasionally wool4 ,,nap4--,%ort wool1 closely clipp$1 seldom lu/r\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kabi/an ,,rug ,,loan$ ,,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,clafl9 ,,co4 ,,weave4--,closely wov51 equal to ! ,daghe/an 9 t respect4 ,,sides4--,ne>ly always ov]ca/ ) cotton ?reads or selvag$ ) cotton4 ,"s ( ! mod]n ones are f9i%$ ) a cord+4 ,,ends4--,n>r[ web ) loose or twi/$ w>p ?reads4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to five bord] /ripes4 ,! c>nation 9 pr(ile is "o ( ! mo/ commonly employ$ bord] designs4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,ri* b n brilliant r$s1 gre5s1 blues1 & yell[s1 ) consid]able :ite4 ,,dyes4--,l all o!r ,caucasian rugs _m ( ! mod]n ones are m or less *emically dy$4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ! ,%irvan4 ,! floral =ms are usually connect$ by me&] l9es1 9 :i* respect !y diff] f ^? ( ! ,%irvan4 ,an attempt to r5d] geometrical ornam5t 9 a floral mann]4 ,small conv5tional fl[]s ?r[n broadca/4 ,! t>antula1 ! swa/ika1 ! l9k1 ,s =ms1 diamonds1 />s1 birds1 & animals are all introduc$4 ,a field ( l>ge rectil9eal pe> designs arrang$ 9 diagonal r[s is common4 ,,sizes4--,usually oblong4 ,c be _h 9 l>g] sizes ?an ! ,daghe/an4 ,f two & "o-half to five by five to tw5ty feet4 ,,prices4--,f #a4jj to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,(t5 sold = ! ,daghe/an4 ,! mo/ durable ( ! mod]ate pric$ rugs4 ,!y are ?9 & flexible & lie well4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,! field is fill$ ) f\r peculi> oblong m$allions & geometrical devices ( v>i\s k9ds1 su* z ! ,greek key1 diamonds1 crosses1 etc4 ,all ( ! bord] designs are *>act]i/ically ,caucasian4 ,,t*et*5 ,,synonyms4--,tzitzi1 ,*i*i4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,! "n ( a p[]ful tribe ( w&]+ m\nta9e]s :o inhabit ! m\nta9s 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ,daghe/an & :o weave !m4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to t52 numb] horizontally five to t52 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty to "o hundr$4 ,,w>p4--,usually f9e wool1 occasionally cotton4 ,,wo(4--,f9e wool4 ,frequ5tly dy$ br[n4 ,,nap4--,f9e wool1 closely clipp$4 ,,weave4--,usually well wov5 b loos] ?an ! ,daghe/an4 ,,sides4--,n>r[ color$ selvage1 usually ( extra y>ns4 ,sometimes ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,web ( v>y+ wid?s at ea* end ) a fr+e ( loose w>p ends4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t*et*5 ,,or ,,*i*i ,,rug ,size #e'h #c'aa ,prop]ty ( ,maj4 ,l4 ,b4 ,lawton1 ,s5eca ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to six bord] /ripes c>ry+ a comb9ation ( floral & geometrical designs4 ,! s-call$ ,*i*i bord] design is ne>ly always pres5t4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually d>k colors ) consid]able d>k blue & :ite4 ,,dyes4--,z a rule good4 ,,designs4--,r indef9ite4 ,usually a mixture ( ! ,caucasian & ,p]sian designs repeat$ ov] ! field s z to =m a trellis4 ,diamond-%ap$ figures1 rosettes1 trefoils1 & t>antula =ms4 ,field r n>r[ 9 comp>ison ) ! bord]s4 ,,sizes4--,ne>ly squ>e1 f\r to five by five to six feet4 ,,prices4--,f #j4ge to #b4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,resemble ! ,%irvan 9 texture1 = :i* !y are frequ5tly sold4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,maj4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,lawton',s ,,description4--,a typical specim5 ( ?is weave1 ) ! _m small ,*9ese figures 9 blue4 ,a /> bord]1 an int]lock+ bord] & a wide basket bord]4 ,?is specim5 is unusual 9 be+ light] ton$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,,baku ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,baku1 a seaport on ! ,caspian 9 ! di/rict ( ,%irvan1 f :5ce !y are %ipp$4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to sixte52 numb] horizontally eight to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in* sixty-f\r to "o hundr$ n9ety-two4 ,,w>p4--,cotton or wool4 ,frequ5tly camels' hair4 ,,wo(4--,usually cotton4 ,sometimes wool4 ,,nap4--,wool ) m or less camels' or goats' hair1 cut %ort4 ,,weave4--,g5]ally closely wov5 & well ti$4 ,,sides4--,usually ov]ca/1 occasionally selvag$4 ,,ends4--,a small /reak ( camels' hair is usually ?r[n across "o end4 ,?is is "o ( ! *>act]i/ic ,baku features4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to six bord] /ripes1 mo/ frequ5tly ?ree1 "o wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ei!r side4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,daghe/an4 ,,dyes4--,g5]ally good4 ,,designs4--,! l>ge-siz$ pe> patt]n is p]haps ! mo/ common4 ,x is g5]ally ( a rectil9eal nature4 ,frequ5tly !re is a c5tral m$allion ) corn]s to mat*4 ,,sizes4--,f ?ree to sev5 by f\r to n9e feet4 ,! l5g? is g5]ally d\ble or m ?an ! wid?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,baku ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,co4 ,,prices4--,r high pric$ on acc\nt ( _! sc>city2 #a4ej to #d4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,n v common 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,! design ( ?is piece1 ! l>ge pe> motif ) c5tral s]rat$ m$allion & corn] pieces to mat*1 is ! mo/ common "o employ$ 9 ! ,baku di/rict4 ,9 contra/ to ! ,p]sian r5dition ( ! pe> design ^? 9 ! ,baku are l>g] & m rectil9eal4 ,l ! ,s>ab& ! /ems po9t 9 ! opposite direction 9 alt]nate r[s4 ,all ( ! bord] /ripes are purely ,caucasian1 ! c5tral "o be+ a =m ( lat* hook bord]4 ,,%emakha ,,synonyms4--,s\mak1 ,sumak1 ,ka%mir1 ,ca%m]e4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,%emakha1 ! capital & pr9cipal comm]cial city ( ! anci5t ,khanate ( ,%irvan1 :i* 0 c$$ to ,p]sia 9 #ahac4 ,s\mak is a corruption ( ! ^w ,%emakha4 ,sometimes call$ ,ka%mir or ,ca%m]e on acc\nt ( ! resemblance ( ! weave to t ( ! ,ca%m]e %awl4 ,,by ,,:om ,,made4--,by ! ,nomadic tribes ( ,%irvan4 ,,/it*es4--,9 antiques t5 to twelve r[s ( /it*es to ! in*4 ,9 mod]ns sev5 is ! av]age4 ,,w>p4--,always wool4 ,usually :ite 9 ! antiques & co>se grayi% br[n 9 ! mod]ns4 ,,wo(4--,always wool4 ,,weave4--,wov5 9 ! same primitive fa%ion z ( old4 ,! only pileless ,ori5tal rug besides ! ,ghileems4 ,! diff]5t color$ wo( ?reads are twi/$ ov] & "u ! w>p ?reads by means ( a ne$le 9 su* a way t ea* /it* is made diagonally1 tak+ 9 two ( ! w>p ?reads & leav+ e alt]nate r[ ( /it*es to face 9 ! opposite direction aft] ! h]r+-bone patt]n4 ,on ! "u side ! %aggy ends ( ! color$ wo( ?reads are left loose4 ,!y nev] h any lu/re4 ,,sides4--,usually ov]ca/ 9 d>k wool1 sometimes selvag$4 ,,ends4--,a long fr+e at bo? ends =m$ by ! loose w>p ends4 ,usually :ite 9 ! antiques & grayi% br[n 9 ! mod]ns4 ,,bord]4--,f two to five bord] /ripes1 usually f\r1 ! ma9 "o c>ry+ a zigzag design4 ,! ,georgian bord] design is common1 z is also ! ,*9ese fret4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,light & d>k blue1 gre51 yell[1 r$1 orange1 black1 & :ite4 ,! field is mo/ frequ5tly ( d>k blue or r$4 ,,dyes4--,good 9 antiques & poor 9 mod]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%emakha1 ,,sumak ,,or ,,ca%m]e ,,rug ,size #f'b #d'i ,prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,gaylord1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,daghe/an & ,%irvan & h rema9$ un*ang$ = c5turies4 ,all designs are outl9$ 9 black & ! ,mongolian influ5ce is q p]ceptible1 ! knot ( de/9y1 m\nta9s1 etc41 be+ v frequ5tly us$1 toge!r ) ! usual ,caucasian designs su* z ! lat* hook1 octagon1 & v>i\s o!r geometrical devices4 ,animals are frequ5tly portray$4 ,,sizes4--,f ?ree to sev5 by f\r to twelve feet4 ,seldom l>g] ?an sev5 by t54 ,antiques 7 n made 9 c>pet sizes4 ,,prices4--,f #j4ge to #a4ge p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,durable1 b !y lack animation comp>$ ) o!r rugs4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,unlike o!r classes1 ! ,%emakha has no pile b has a flat /it* made by w9d+ ! dy$ wo( ?read ar\nd ! w>p y>n4 ,?is piece is "o ( ! f9e/1 hav+ ?irte5 /it*es to ! in*4 ,l 9 mo/ rugs ( its class1 ! designs are typically ,caucasian1 among :i* are freely int]sp]s$ pl5ty ( eight-po9t$ />s1 swa/ikas & knots ( de/9y4 ,! latt] motif is ne>ly always pres5t 9 ?is v>iety4 ,,%irvan ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! di/rict ( ,%irvan1 s\? ( ,daghe/an & ext5d+ f ! ,caspian ,sea to ! riv] ,kur4 ,m>ket$ at ,baku1 ! trade c5tre ( ! di/rict4 ,,by ,,:om ,,made4--,wov5 by ! ,lesgie tribes4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to twelve2 numb] horizontally five to n9e2 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty to "o hundr$ eight4 ,,w>p4--,g5]ally :ite or gray wool or a mixture ( ! two 9 ! antiques1 :ile ! mod]ns are ( br[n or :ite wool or a mixture ( ! two4 ,sometimes ! w>p is ( cotton or goats' hair4 ,,wo(4--,usually wool 9 ! antiques4 ,9 mod]n pieces1 usually ( wool1 occasionally ( cotton & sometimes cotton & wool /r&s w be twi/$ toge!r 9 su* a mann] z to cause m or less puck]+ ( ! fabric1 especially aft] same has be5 wet4 ,,nap4--,wool1 cut %ort4 ,,weave4--,*eaply & r\ghly wov54 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ or selvag$4 ,,ends4--,usually bo? ends are f9i%$ alike ) a %ort web & an extra l>ge fr+e ( loose or knott$ w>p ?reads4 ,,bord]4--,?ree to five bord] /ripes1 g5]ally f\r1 "o wide "o & sev]al n>r[ ones4 ,z a rule !y c>ry small designs ei!r ( a ,caucasian or ,p]sian "*4 ,! lat* hook1 ! t>antula1 ! scorpion1 & ! w9e glass designs are common4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,quiet t9ts ( r$1 blue1 yell[1 & salmon1 ) consid]able :ite4 ,,dyes4--,mod]ns v apt to be *emical4 ,,designs4--,q simil> to ^? ( ! ,daghe/an & ,kabi/an1 b m incl9$ to imitate ! ,p]sian designs )\t ! connect+ v9e or me&] effect & incl9$ to be r l>ge 9 proportion to ! size ( ! rug4 ,! t>antula1 ! swa/ika1 ! l9k1 ! ,s =m1 & ! palace patt]ns are commonly employ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%irvan ,,rug ,size #e'f #c'f ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,dr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,,guile1 ,,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,sizes4--,f ?ree to five by f\r to sev5 feet4 ,no c>pet sizes4 ,,prices4--,among ! *eape/ ( ! ,caucasian products4 ,f #j4ej to #b4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,mod]ns made only to sell4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,,color ,,plates ) accompany+ description at pages #aeh & #bej4 ,,d\bletone ,,own]',s ,,description4--,unusually f9e = ,%irvan4 ,?is rug is 9 ! c5tury class4 ,! ?ree bord]s are n (t5 se51 b are *>act]i/ic ( ! old] rugs ( ! ,daghe/an di/rict4 ,! glory ( ?is rug is 9 ! m>vel\s c5tre4 ,at fir/ sight "o might ?9k ( ! fam\s rose ,kirmans4 ,! treatm5t ( ! roses1 lilies1 peonies1 etc41 m]it m ?an a pass+ glance4 ,no weav] c\ld possibly %[ great] fidelity to nature 9 ! %ad+ ( leaf & petal ?an did ! n[ =gott5 factor ( ?is unusual rug4 ,! erosion ( "t has giv5 ! surface an appe>ance ( brocade velvet4 ,casual exam9ation w\ld indicate a gre5 backgr\nd1 b 9 reality x is black1 ! pr(usion ( gre5 be+ an intricate & reali/ic arrangem5t ( leaves4 ,,g5ghis ,,synonyms4--,gu5ja1 ,gu5dja1 ,gu5ges1 ,turkman4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,au?orities diff] greatly z to ! orig9 ( ! "n4 ,"s say t ! prop] "n %\ld be ,gu5ja1 :i* 0 ! anci5t "n ( ,elizabe?pol1 f :5ce !y came4 ,o!rs insi/ !y %\ld be call$ ,g5ghis1 :i* is ! "n ( ! tribe ( ,nomads liv+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,elizabe?pol :o weave !m4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to t52 numb] horizontally five to eight2 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty to eighty4 ,,w>p4--,a ?ree-/r& ?read ( br[n wool or goats' hair4 ,,wo(4--,gray or br[n wool1 frequ5tly dy$4 ,g5]ally sev]al wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,,nap4--,usually r long wool or goats' hair4 ,( a mu* f9] quality 9 ! antiques4 ,,weave4--,z a rule co>sely wov54 ,,sides4--,selvag$ or ov]ca/1 ) diff]5t color$ wool1 mo/ frequ5tly ! =m]4 ,,ends4--,web ) small knott$ fr+e on "o or bo? ends4 ,sometimes ! web is wide z 9 ! ,turkoman rugs4 ,,bord]4--,f two to five bord] /ripes1 mo/ frequ5tly ?ree1 "o wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ea* side1 all c>ry+ geometrical designs4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,kazaks4 ,usually consid]able :ite ) r bright r$1 light & d>k blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5ghis ,,runn] ,size #h'i #b'h ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,,dyes4--,apt to be inf]ior4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,kazaks & ,k>abaghs4 ,geometrical z a rule1 sometimes fl[]s & v9es4 ,! pe> is frequ5tly employ$1 usually 9 alt]nate r[s ( r$ & blue4 ,birds & animals4 ,,sizes4--,seldom squ>e1 mo/ly runn]s ?ree to five by f\r to n9ete5 feet4 ,,prices4--,! l[e/ pric$ ,caucasian rug z a rule4 ,f #j4ej to #b4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,durable4 ,(t5 sold z ,k>abaghs4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,knot3 ,ghiordes4 ,n9e to ! in* v]tically & sev5 horizontally1 mak+ sixty-?ree to ! squ>e in*4 ,?is is a v old piece4 ,note t ! out] bord] appe>s 9 ! ends & is lack+ on ! sides1 hav+ be5 cut (f on acc\nt ( its worn-out condition4 ,! field is cov]$ ) ! pe> design 9 alt]nat+ r[s ( light & d>k colors ^u a ri* r$ gr\nd4 ,! inn] bord] c>ries ! ,greek me&] 9 r$ & :ite ^u a blue gr\nd1 :ile ! ma9 /ripe is fill$ ) ! octagon & ! eight-po9t$ /> ( ! ,m$es 9 diff]5t colors ^u a :ite gr\nd4 ,! ?ird bord]1 :i* rema9s on ! ends only1 c>ries ! ,greek me&] 9 blue & :ite ^u a r$ gr\nd4 ,bo? w>p & wo( are ( wool4 ,,k>abagh ,,synonym4--,c>abagh4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ,k>abagh1 ! "n ( a prov9ce 9 ,transcaucasia j across ! ,p]sian bord] nor? ( ,tabriz1 :]e !y are made4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to twelve2 numb] horizontally five to t52 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty to "o hundr$ tw5ty4 ,,w>p4--,co>se :ite or br[n wool4 ,,wo(4--,co>se wool1 sometimes dy$4 ,g5]ally sev]al /r&s betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,,nap4--,long1 heavy wool or camels' hair4 ,,weave4--,co>sely wov5 & c>elessly knott$4 ,,sides4--,antiques usually selvag$4 ,mod]ns ne>ly always ov]ca/ ) color$ wool4 ,,ends4--,%ort webs1 "o ( :i* is g5]ally turn$ back & hemm$4 ,! o!r end has a fr+e ( loose or twi/$ w>p ?reads4 ,,bord]4--,f two to f\rte5 bord] /ripes ) a l>ge range ( geometrical designs4 ,! reciprocal trefoil is especially common4 ,frequ5tly a bord] ( camels' hair4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,m subdu$ 9 antiques ?an 9 ! mod]ns4 ,mag5ta is us$ lavi%ly4 ,/rong r$s1 yell[s1 & blues1 ) consid]able :ite4 ,,dyes4--,ne>ly all ( ! mod]n pieces are *emically dy$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k>abagh ,,rug ,size #e' #c'c ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,dr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,,guile1 ,,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ! ,kazaks1 only a trifle m ,p]sian 9 "*1 t is1 m ,p]sian floral =ms are introduc$4 ,sometimes ! field is pla91 sometimes x is fill$ ) "s tree patt]ns or ) num]\s floral & geometrical figures4 ,9 "s ( ! antiques ! field is cov]$ ) black & tan spots1 giv+ x ! appe>ance ( a leop>d's sk91 :i* no d\bt x 0 int5d$ to repres5t4 ,,sizes4--,two to six by f\r to eight feet4 ,usually small4 ,nev] 9 c>pet sizes4 ,,prices4--,antiques r>e & r co/ly4 ,mod]ns among ! *eape/ ( ! ,ori5tal weave4 ,f #j4ej to #a4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,"o ( ! mo/ inf]ior products ( ! ,ea/]n loom1 b arti/ic4 ,h det]iorat$ consid]ably ( late ye>s4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,an exceptional ,k>abagh4 ,! design %[s evid5t attempt at ,p]sian elaboration1 ?is weave be+ ab\t ! only ,caucasian t %[s su* t5d5cy4 ,! floral display 9 ! c5tre2 ! beautiful old ivory ( ! corn] pieces1 & ! exquisite can>y1 coral & blue ( ! ?ree bord]s1 evid5ce t ! artisan t wr\ght ?is fabric _h ?or\ghly ma/]$ ! h>mony ( color4 ,! blacks 9 ?is piece h gone fully d[n to ! knot4 ,su* ,k>abaghs h n be5 made = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,,kazak ,,synonym4--,small ,kazaks are call$ ,kazakdjie4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,a corruption ( ! ^w ,cossack4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,9 ! ,transcaucasian di/rict ( ,erivan1 ne> ,mt4 ,ar>at1 :]e ,russia1 ,p]sia1 & ,turkey meet4 ,,by ,,:om ,,made4--,by ! ,cossack ,nomads1 ^: orig9 seems to be unkn[n4 ,!y 7 probably relat$ to ! ,cossacks ( ,russia4 ,,knot4--,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically six to twelve2 numb] horizontally six to t52 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty-six to "o hundr$ tw5ty4 ,few] ?an any ( ! o!r ,caucasian fabrics4 ,,w>p4--,always wool4 ,,wo(4--,ne>ly always wool1 usually dy$4 ,a *>act]i/ic feature is ! numb] ( wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots1 usually f\r or m4 ,,nap4--,f9e lu/r\s wool1 :i* is usually cut long4 ,! great numb] ( wo( ?reads causes ! nap to lie s t ! side ( ! y>n is expos$ m ?an ! ends4 ,,sides4--,usually a wide selvage 9 color$ wool4 ,occasionally ov]ca/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kazak ,,rug 7,,palace ,,design7 ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,,fr$]ic ,p4 ,,w>field1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,ends4--,usually a %ort color$ selvage at ea* end1 "o ( :i* is sometimes turn$ back & hemm$4 ,a fr+e ( knott$ or braid$ w>p ends4 ,:5 braid$ ! ends ( ! rug are apt to be drawn & twi/$ s t x does n lie well4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to f\r bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree4 ,! crab1 w9e glass1 reciprocal saw-tee?1 reciprocal trefoil1 t>antula1 & lat* hook v>iations are common4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,r bright %ades ( r$1 gre51 yell[1 br[n1 & rose1 ) m or less ivory or :ite4 ,^! colors are m subdu$ 9 ! antiques4 ,,dyes4--,poor 9 "s ( ! mod]n pieces4 ,,designs4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,%irvan & ,g5ghis4 ,bold geometrical figures :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! p :o weave !m4 ,! t>antula1 diamond1 palm1 animals1 & human be+s are pr(usely portray$4 ,! ,greek cross is almo/ always pres5t & ! ,russian coat ( arms common4 ,,sizes4--,small & m$ium1 ?ree to six by five to eight feet4 ,usually squ>e or ne>ly s4 ,,prices4--,antiques few & valuable4 ,! mod]ns are among ! *eape/ ( ! ,ori5tal products4 ,f #j4ge to #b4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,z a rule ?ick & heavy ?\gh s(t & durable4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,,color ,,plates ) accompany+ descriptions at pages #id & #add4 ,,d\bletone 7page #bgb7 ,! field design is kn[n z ! ,palace or ,sunbur/4 ,x is common 9 ! ,kazaks & ,%irvans1 b nev] us$ 9 any o!r rugs4 ,?is piece %[s ! mo/ common =m ( ,kazak ) ! ,palace design 9 ! c5tre & ! ,crab bord]1 on ea* side ( :i* is ! reciprocal saw-tee?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be%ir ,,bokh>a ,,pray] ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,lib]ty ,,co41 ,,london1 ,,engl& ,q dissimil> to any o!r =m ( pray] rug al?\gh ! ni*e resembles v closely t ( ! ,meles4 ,! designs are unlike ^? us$ 9 ! o!r ,turkoman products & ! color comb9ation is q pleas+4 ,?is piece is evid5tly ( "s age z ! wo( ?reads 9 ! l[] end are gone1 leav+ a fr+e ( loose w>p ?reads in/ead ( a v>iegat$ webb+ z on ! o!r end4 7,see page #bhj7 ,,! ,,turkoman ,,classification ,illu/ration3 ,,turkomans ,! t]ritory f :i* ! s-call$ ,turkoman rugs come is t "p ( ,c5tral ,asia consi/+ ( ,turke/an1 ,ea/]n ,turke/an & ,russian ,turke/an ly+ nor? ( ,p]sia & ,afghani/an & we/ ( ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,x comprises ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( squ>e miles & is inhabit$ by num]\s rug-mak+ tribes ( ,nomads4 ,! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( ! ,turkoman products are _! wide web1 _! octagon & m$allion designs & _! old traditional colors ( pr$om9at+ r$ ) pat*es ( :ite1 br[n1 & gre54 ,! dyes are usually fa/ & ! knot is always ,p]sian ) ! exception ( an occasional ,yomud or ,sam>k&1 :i* may be ti$ ) ! ,turki% knot4 ,! rugs ( ,ea/]n & ,russian ,turke/an are really ,*9ese1 b geographically %\ld be class$ ) ! o!r ,turkoman products4 ,hav+ be5 9 ! pa/ less accessible !y are n[ f\nd 9 relative abundance & are !re=e ! lea/ co/ly4 ,,khiva ,,bokh>a ,,synonym4--,afghan4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,khiva1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,bokh>a1 f ! vic9ity ( :i* !y come4 ,! "n ,afghan is sometimes us$ because "s ( ! inhabitants ( nor!rn ,afghani/an contribute to ! supply4 ,,by ,,:om ,,made4--,by ! ,kirzig tribe ( ,nomads liv+ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,bokh>a & 9 ,nor!rn ,afghani/an4 ,,knot4--,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically sev5 to twelve2 numb] horizontally six to eight2 numb] to squ>e in* =ty-two to n9ety-six4 ,,w>p4--,d>k wool or goats' hair4 ,,wo(4--,black or gray wool or goats' hair4 ,,nap4--,f9e lu/r\s wool or goats' hair ( v>i\s l5g?s4 ,,weave4--,loosely ti$ s t on ! back x has ! appe>ance ( ! ,ghiordes knot4 ,,sides4--,usually a wide selvage ( black or d>k br[n goats' hair1 sometimes conta9+ z _m z sev5 cords4 ,,ends4--,wide selvage at ea* end 9 pla9 r$ or /rip$ ) blue l9es4 ,! long1 %aggy fr+e ( ! loose goats' hair w>p is a *>act]i/ic feature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,khiva ,,bokh>a 7,,afghan7 ,,c>pet ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,pr(4 ,,delm> ,,hawk9s ,,bord]4--,f two to f\r n>r[ bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,a lavi% use ( ! ,turkoman r$s 9 ! field ) designs 9 blue1 orange1 br[n1 gre51 & :ite4 ,,dyes4--,good 9 ! antiques4 ,ne>ly all ( ! new pieces are *emically dy$4 ,,designs4--,! octagon is almo/ univ]sally employ$ & is qu>t]$ by alt]nat+ colors4 ,animal =ms are seldom se54 ,! pray] =m is also seldom f\nd4 ,,prices4--#a4be to #b4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,sizes4--,!y are ! l>ge/ ( ! ,turkoman rugs1 be+ ne>ly always 9 c>pet sizes & almo/ squ>e1 six to n9e by eight to elev5 feet4 ,,rem>ks4--,"o ( ! be/ inexp5sive rugs on ! m>ket4 ,co>s] & heavi] ?an ! o!r ,turkoman products & 9 damp wea!r !y are liable to h m or less ( ! smell ( goats4 ,! ,khiva is ab\t ! only antique c>pet n[ on ! m>ket4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,,knot3 ,s5na4 ,t5 to ! in* v]tically & sev5 horizontally1 mak+ sev5ty to ! squ>e in*2 unusually close = a rug ( ?is class4 ,?is piece is ( an unusually f9e grade ) a long nap & beautiful colors4 ,! field1 l t ( ne>ly all ,khivas1 is fill$ ) conv5tional octagon & diamond =ms ) a small eight-po9t$ /> betwe5 ea*4 ,,%ortell ,,rug 7page #abj74--,pray] rugs ( ?is p>ticul> class are extremely r>e & ! peculi> pray] ni*e 9 ?is "o is c]ta9ly mo/ unique & unusual4 ,note ! h&s 9 ! two upp] corn]s ( ! field4 ,x is on ^! t ! wor%ipp] is suppos$ to place 8 h&s :ile pro/rat+ himself 9 ! act ( pray]4 ,,be%ir ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! words ,be* ,s*ehr1 mean+ ,five ,villages1 be+ wov5 9 five adjo9+ villages we/ ( ,khiva on ! %ores ( ! ,am\r ,d>ia ,riv] 9 ,turke/an4 ,,knot4--,ei!r ! ,s5na or ! ,ghiordes1 usually ! =m]4 ,numb] v]tically five to t52 numb] horizontally six to twelve2 numb] to ! squ>e in* ?irty to "o hundr$ tw5ty4 ,,w>p4--,wool or goat's hair4 ,,wo(4--,wool or goat's hair4 ,,nap4--,wool4 ,,bord]s4--,few /ripes & n>r[ 9 proportion to ! size ( ! rug4 ,! designs are usually ,tekke 9 "*4 ,! reciprocal saw tee? design is a feature4 ,,ends4--,a fairly wide web :i* is usually dy$ r$ ?r\gh :i* g5]ally pass blue /ripes or /r&s ( color$ y>n4 ,knott$ or loose w>p ends4 ,,sides4--,a ?ree or f\r cord$ selvage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be%ir ,,bokh>a ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,l4 ,a4 ,,%ortell1 ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,! free use ( yell[ is *>act]i/ic4 ,br[ns1 br[ni% r$s & blue ) v little :ite1 z a rule4 ,,designs4--,^? ( ! bord] are ,tekke 9 "* :ile ^? ( ! field are usually compos$ ( tree motifs arrang$ 9 /rips ) alt]nat+ color$ backgr\nd4 ,caucasian & ,mongol designs are commonly employ$4 ,occasionally ! field is fill$ ) ,*9ese cl\d b&s4 ,,sizes4--,f ?ree to eight feet 9 wid? by five to twelve feet 9 l5g?4 ,,prices4--,f #a4ge to #e4jj a squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,"o ( ! r>e/ ( ! ,turkoman products4 ,mo/ ( ^? br\ght to ?is c\ntry are antiques4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,own]',s ,,description4--,?is rug diff]s f ! ,bokh>a commonly se51 z x has ! ,tree ( ,life patt]n drawn 9 ! conv5tional =m ( ! ,bokh>a weav]s1 b v arti/ically done1 ! wool us$ be+ ! v be/1 v silky1 & ! selvage is f9i%$ 9 a v workmanlike mann]4 ,x 0 a skilful weav] :o made ?is rug & x probably 0 8 ma/]piece4 ,see also color plate at page #bgd4 ,,tekke ,,bokh>a ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,because !y are made by ! ,tekke ,turkoman tribes ( ,nomads1 "o ( ! mo/ num]\s & p[]ful ( ! ,turkoman tribes1 :o inhabit ! c\ntry ext5d+ to ,afghani/an on ! s\? & ,khorasan on ! we/4 ,,knot4--,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically eight to tw5ty-eight2 numb] horizontally five to tw5ty-five2 numb] to squ>e in* =ty to f\r hundr$4 ,,w>p4--,spl5did wool4 ,,wo(4--,wool1 dy$ r$ or br[n4 ,,nap4--,spl5did s(t1 velvety1 closely clipp$ wool4 ,sometimes "s goats' hair or silk4 ,,weave4--,r5[n$ = its close texture4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ 9 wool :i* is dy$ ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! rug4 ,occasionally selvag$4 ,,ends4--,a web f t5 to twelve in*es 9 wid? at ea* end :i* is color$ ! same z ! body ( ! rug4 ,?is is f9i%$ ) a fr+e ( loose w>p ends4 ,sometimes !re are twi/$ ropes at "o end1 %[+ t x 0 int5d$ = hang+4 ,?is is especially common 9 ! pray] ,tekke4 ,,bord]4--,"o to five bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tekke ,,bokh>a ,,rug ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,nahigian ,,bros41 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,,designs4--,elongat$ octagon =ms arrang$ 9 r[s alt]nat+ ) r[s ( diamond =ms ) /raight l9es connect+ ! c5tres ( ! octagon1 ea* ( :i* is divid$ into f\r equal p>ts4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* octagon is frequ5tly f\nd ! eight-po9t$ />4 ,sometimes ! field is cov]$ ) octagon or ! diamond =ms alone )\t ! alt]nate arrangem5t4 ,9 ! pray] rug ! field is cov]$ ) little c&le/ick patt]ns & divid$ into f\r sections by a l>ge cross1 ! arms ( :i* c>ry designs simil> to ^? f\nd 9 ! bord] /ripes4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,gr\nd usually ( a ri* d>k mahogany r$ ) designs 9 blue1 gre51 orange1 old rose1 w9e1 & p9k1 ) m or less :ite or cream4 ,,dyes4--,usually good4 ,( late ye>s "s anil9e has be5 us$4 ,,prices4--,! antiques are r sc>ce & are ( good value4 ,f #b4jj to #e4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,sizes4--,mats to c>pet size4 ,two to eight by ?ree to eighte5 feet4 ,! pray] rugs are ne>ly squ>e1 f f\r to f\r & "o-half by five feet4 ,,rem>ks4--,_! durability is ph5om5al4 ,! mod]n pieces are va/ly inf]ior to ! antiques4 ,! pray] rugs diff] s greatly f ! o!rs ( _! class t !y might almo/ be arrang$ "u a sep>ate head+1 9 fact !y are sep>ately class$ by "s au?orities "u ! "n ( ,h>djli or ,pr9cess ,bokh>a4 ,! ,arm5ians call !m ,khat*lie ,bokh>a = ! reason t ! b&s t divide ! field into f\r sections =m a cross1 & ! ^w khat*lie 9 ! ,arm5ian language means a cross4 ,?is class ( rugs is gr[+ rapidly sc>ce4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,page #bhd4 ,?is is ! pray] ,tekke1 ! s-call$ ,h>djli1 ,khat*lie or ,pr9cess ,bokh>a4 ,! ,greek cross divides ! field into qu>t]s1 ea* "o ( :i* is fill$ ) r[s ( c&le /icks4 ,! ni*e1 ! ,tekke bord] design & ! ,indian fi% bone are "h employ$ z 9 mo/ pray] rugs ( ! class4 ,page #bhb4 ,9 design ?is piece is q *>act]i/ic ( its class4 ,! octagon is inv>iably pres5t1 sometimes alone1 sometimes 9 an alt]nate arrangem5t ) diamond =ms or ) small] octagons z 9 ?is example4 ,"h ! small] octagons only are qu>t]$4 ,! peculi> arrangem5t ( ! fi% bone design1 ! wide web & ! loose w>p ?reads at ea* end are also *>act]i/ic features4 ,page #aej4 ,,knot3 ,s5na4 ,numb] to ! in* horizontally sixte51 v]tically eighte51 to ! squ>e in* two hundr$ eighty-eight4 ,! pr$om9at+ color ?r\gh\t is a beautiful t]racotta4 ,! f\r diamond =ms ?r\gh ! c5tre are fill$ ) geometrical figures 9 buff & t]racotta ^u a d>k blue gr\nd4 ,( ! semi-diamond =ms ! fir/ & ?ird upp] & ! second l[] h an old ivory backgr\nd1 :ile ! second upp] & ! fir/ & ?ird l[] h a backgr\nd ( a mo/ beautiful buff %ade4 ,! figures on all ( ^! are 9 blue1 t]racotta & :ite4 ,! fir/ & ?ird bord] /ripes c>ry an ,s =m on ! top & bottom1 :ile on ! sides !y c>ry a =m ( b>b]-pole /ripe1 all ^u a d>k blue backgr\nd4 ,! ma9 bord] /ripe c>ries a peculi> rectil9eal eight-petal$ fl[] 9 diff]5t colors ^u an old ivory backgr\nd2 ! loose y>n ends hang+ alt]nate 9 r$ & blue e f\r in*es4 ,! color comb9ation & %e5 ( ?is piece are unexcell$4 ,,/anton ,,rug 7page #afb74--,! pr$om9at+ d>k mahogany color & long ?ick nap1 toge!r ) a t\* ( blue 9 ! octagons1 makes ?is piece mo/ attractive4 ,see also frontispiece4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tekke ,,bokh>a ,,pray] ,,rug 7,,pr9cess ,,bokh>a1 ,,khat*lie7 ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,nahigian ,,bros41 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,,yomud ,,synonyms4--,yam\d1 ,yamut4 ,sometimes call$ yell[ or br[n ,bokh>a4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] a tribe ( ,nomadic ,turkomans by t "n :o dwell 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,turke/an on ! pla9s along ! %ores ( ! ,caspian4 ,,knot4--,ei!r ! ,s5na or ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically eight to fifte52 numb] horizontally sev5 to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in* fifty-six to "o hundr$ eighty4 ,,w>p4--,br[n wool or goats' hair4 ,,wo(4--,good wool ( m$ium l5g? or goats' hair4 ,frequ5tly dy$ r$4 ,,nap4--,f9e wool ( m$ium l5g? or goats' hair4 ,,sides4--,a co>se selvage ( two cords :i* are color$ 9 alt]nate squ>es ( r$ & blue1 r$ & br[n1 or two %ades ( r$1 giv+ x a *eck]-bo>d effect4 ,,ends4--,a wide web at ea* end 9 pla9 r$ or ) blue /ripes4 ,frequ5tly /ripes ( color$ wool are work$ into ! web ) app>5tly z mu* c>e & skill z t giv5 to ! body ( ! rug4 ,f9i%$ ) a fr+e ( loose w>p ?reads :i* are occasionally twi/$ at irregul> int]vals4 ,,bord]4--,!re are usually ?ree bord] /ripes1 "o m$ium siz$ "o ) a n>r[ "o on ea* side4 ,! b>b]-pole /ripe1 ! reciprocal saw-tee?1 & ! lat* hook v>iations are ! pr$om9at+ bord] designs4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,gr\nd almo/ inv>iably ( a ri* br[ni% r$ :i* is s(t] & deep] 9 tone ?an t ( ! ,khivas & ,tekkes4 ,figures 9 drab1 blue1 gre51 & yell[4 ,,dyes4--,usually ! be/4 ,,designs4--,! tribal patt]ns %[ great individuality & comb9e ! ,turkoman octagon ) _m ( ! ,caucasian designs4 ,a common arrangem5t is t ( octagons & elongat$ diamond =ms 9 alt]nate r[s ) pl5ty ( lat* hook v>iations4 ,v frequ5tly ! field is cov]$ ) ! diamond =ms alone4 ,,prices4--,f #j4ge to #b4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,sizes4--,seldom small] ?an five by eight or l>g] ?an eight by elev5 feet4 ,,rem>ks4--,!y resemble ! ,bokh>as 9 "s respects & ! ,caucasian products 9 o!rs4 ,ab\t ! only antique1 9 c>pet sizes1 n[ f\nd 9 ! m>ket4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,maj4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,lawton',s ,,description4--,?is weave is ! r>e/ ( ! ,turkomans4 ,s r>e is x t ,mr4 ,mum=d 9 8 article 9 ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 ,janu>y1 #aiaj1 /ates t to 8 k no bales ( antique ,yomuds _h be5 import$ = sev5 ye>s4 ,ne>ly all ,yomuds h ! cross patt]n1 are usually deep] 9 tone ?an _! c\s9s ! pray] ,bokh>as1 & lack ! little ni*e4 ,yomuds are silki] ?an pray] ,bokh>as1 & h ! color ( ! ,delaw>e grape4 ,?is specim5 has an unique patt]n z a panel across ! end1 o!rwise x is typical4 ,yomuds adh]e m closely to _! type ?an d any o!r weave4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yomud ,,rug ,size #e'g #d'd ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,colonel ,,george ,g4 ,,briggs1 ,,gr& ,,rapids1 ,,mi*4 ,,ka%g> ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,ka%g>1 a city ( ,ea/]n ,turke/an :i* enjoys a great c>avan trade & is "o ( ! ri*e/ m>kets 9 ,c5tral ,asia4 ,,knot4--,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically five to n9e2 numb] horizontally f\r to sev52 numb] to squ>e in* tw5ty to sixty-?ree4 ,,w>p4--,co>se cotton4 ,,wo(4--,f\r-/r&$ cotton4 ,,nap4--,wool ( m$ium l5g?1 frequ5tly "p silk4 ,,weave4--,co>se & poorly ti$4 ,,sides4--,an add$ y>n selvage4 ,,ends4--,selvage ( v>y+ l5g?s ) a fr+e ( loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,*9ese 9 "*4 ,swa/ika bord] common4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually /rong yell[1 blue1 r$1 p9k1 gre51 & orange ) :ite or old ivory4 ,pale t]racotta is common4 ,,dyes4--,good z a rule4 ,,designs4--,*9ese 9 "*4 ,g5]ally frett$ gr\nds or trellis cov]$ ) figures ( bats1 butt]flies1 cranes1 dragons1 fi%1 & trees4 ,! knot ( de/9y is v commonly employ$4 ,,prices4--#a4jj to #c4jj p] squ>e foot4 ,,sizes4--,f ?ree to six by six to twelve feet4 ,,rem>ks4--,n v _m f\nd 9 ! m>kets4 ,,y>k& ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] a city ( t "n 9 ,ea/]n ,turke/an1 9 ! vic9ity ( :i* !y are made4 ,,knot4--,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically five to n9e2 numb] horizontally f\r to sev52 numb] to squ>e in* tw5ty to sixty-?ree4 ,,w>p4--,co>se wool or cotton4 ,,wo(4--,co>se wool or cotton4 ,g5]ally f\r /r&s betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,,nap4--,co>se wool ( m$ium l5g?1 sometimes m or less silk4 ,,sides4--,a selvage ( two cords4 ,,ends4--,web ( v>y+ l5g?s ) loose w>p ?reads at ea* end4 ,,bord]4--,usually ?ree bord] /ripes1 "o ( m$ium wid? ) a n>r[ "o on ea* side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hav+ ,a ,,pot ,,( ,,tea ,,at ,,bokh>a ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,/reet ,,9 ,,sam>k& ,z a rule ! bord]s are small 9 proportion to ! size ( ! rug4 ,! swa/ika bord] design is commonly employ$4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,resemble ^? ( ! ,bokh>a ) a field ( ri* br[ni% r$s4 ,sometimes ! field is ( tan color4 ,! designs may be 9 blue1 r$1 gre51 yell[1 p9k1 & t]racotta4 ,,designs4--,resemble ^? ( ! ,bokh>a & ,ka%g>4 ,frett$ gr\nds ) figures ( animals1 dragons1 bats1 butt]flies1 circles1 & octagons4 ,a common design is ! arrangem5t ( f\r dragons 9 ! =m ( a swa/ika4 ,,prices4--#j4ge to #b4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,sizes4--,f ?ree to six by six to twelve feet4 ,,rem>ks4--,q simil> to ! ,ka%g>4 ,! mod]n ones are n attractive4 ,,sam>k& ,,synonym4--,! trade "n ( ,malg>an is giv5 to an inf]ior grade4 ,,:y ,,s ,,nam$4--,aft] ! city ( ,sam>k&1 a city ( ,we/]n ,turke/an 9 ! valley ( ,z>ab-,%an1 "o hundr$ miles ea/ ( ,bokh>a1 :i* 0 once ! c5tre ( le>n+ 9 ,asia1 hav+ _h sev]al univ]sities !re4 ,,:]e ,,made4--,9 ! vic9ity ( ,sam>k&4 ,,knot4--,ne>ly always ! ,s5na1 seldom ! ,ghiordes4 ,numb] v]tically five to sev52 numb] horizontally six to t52 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty to sev5ty4 ,,w>p4--,wool1 cotton or silk1 usually dy$ blue or yell[4 ,,wo(4--,9 ! antiques cotton or wool4 ,9 ! mod]ns cotton4 ,l ! ,kazaks !re are ?ree or f\r wo( ?reads betwe5 ea* r[ ( knots4 ,,nap4--,good1 heavy1 loose1 lu/r\s wool4 ,sometimes silk or a mixture ( silk & wool4 ,,weave4--,loosely wov54 ,,sides4--,antiques h a n>r[ selvage add$ sometimes ) two colors l ! ,yomuds4 ,mod]n pieces are ov]ca/4 ,,ends4--,simil> to ^? ( ! ,turkoman products4 ,wide web ) fr+e ( loose or twi/$ w>p ?reads4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to five bord] /ripes1 usually ?ree4 ,! inn] bord] usually c>ries ! ,greek me&]1 ! out] "o floral designs & ! middle "o figures correspond+ to ! c5tral designs4 ,! undulat+ v9e & lotus patt]n are frequ5tly us$4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,field usually blue1 r$1 or gold5 br[n4 ,bokh>a r$s & yell[s are lavi%ly us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sam>k& ,,rug ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,dyes4--,( ! be/4 ,,designs4--,!re are usually five m$allions 7circles ( happ9ess71 "o at ea* corn] ( ! field & "o 9 ! c5tre be>+ "s dragons1 animal1 or floral =ms4 ,v little trace ( ,p]sian1 ,turki%1 or ,caucasian influ5ce2 ,mongolian *>act]i/ics pr$om9ate ) "s trace ( ,turkoman4 ,*9ese fret1 swa/ika1 dragon1 fi%1 & floral =ms4 ,,sizes4--,f ?ree to n9e by n9e to fifte5 feet4 ,,prices4--,antiques r>e & co/ly1 mod]ns f #a4jj to #b4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,! mod]ns are mu* inf]ior to ! antiques4 ,!y are suitable = libr>y & hall use4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,al?\gh made 9 ,russian ,turke/an1 ,sam>k& weav+s are ,*9ese 9 e respect4 ,?is p>ticul> piece displays ?ree r\nd m$allions or circles ( happ9ess1 also butt]flies & v>i\s ,*9ese plant =ms4 ,! fir/ & ?ird bord] /ripes are compos$ ( "o ( ! ,*9ese lotus bud bord] designs1 :ile ! c5tral /ripe consi/s ( ! swa/ika fret4 ,illu/ration3 ,,daghe/an ,,pray] ,,rug ,size1 #d'h #d'b4 ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,nahigian ,,bros41 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,,own]s' ,,description4--,9 all ! rugs t we h import$ f ! ,caucasian prov9ces we d n recollect hav+ se5 "o ) a f9] texture ?an ?is ,daghe/an4 ,x has z _m knots to ! squ>e in* z ! f9e/ ,ka%an rugs1 :i*1 z is well und]/ood1 are ! f9e/ products ( ! ,p]sian looms4 ,! b>b] pole /ripes 9 ! bord]1 ! reciprocal ,van ,dyke design1 & ! w9e glass figure 9 ! wide/ bord] are all *>act]i/ic designs f\nd 9 ,caucasian rugs4 ,ev5 ! ni*e is simil> to o!r ,daghe/an pray] rugs4 ,b we see at once ,p]sian influ5ces 9 ! field ( ! rug4 ,! flame design z x is call$ "h1 :i* is 9 reality a v>iation ( ! famili> riv] loop or ,el-,ayassi patt]n1 & :i* is di/9ctly a ,p]sian figure1 is "h us$ ?r\gh\t ! field4 ,z if to emphasize ! !ory t ! flame1 :i* ! e>ly ,p]sians wor%ipp$1 is repres5t$ by ?is design1 ea* individual figure is made to give (f rays ( light & w>m?4 ,ano!r int]e/+ & noticeable feature 9 ?is rug is t :ile 9 ,p]sian fabrics l ! ,s]eb&1 :]e ?is or a v simil> design is us$1 ! figures are almo/ all exactly alike1 :]eas "h !y diff] consid]ably & no two are alike 9 detail4 7,see page #bed7 ,,! ,,belu*i/an ,,rugs ,belu*i/an is a va/1 wild & m\nta9\s c\ntry ext5d+ f ,kirman to ,india & f ,afghani/an to ! ,s\? ,arabian ,sea1 p>tly "u ,p]sian rule & p>tly "u ! protection ( ,great ,brita94 ,x has an area ( ab\t #adf1jjj squ>e miles ) b #hjj1jjj population4 ,! capital1 ,kelat1 has a population ( #ae1jjj4 ,! inhabitants are pr9cipally ,nomad tribes ( primitive habits & ( ! ,mohamm$an fai?4 ,! rugs ( ,belu*i/an are tak5 way across ,afghani/an to ,bokh>a to be m>ket$4 ,on ?is acc\nt & also because ( _! great lik5ess to ! ,turkoman products !y are classifi$ z su* by sev]al prom95t writ]s4 ,l ! latt] !y inv>iably h a wide web at ea* end1 usually ) a wov5 design4 ,! colors & designs are simil> to ^? ( ! ,turkoman class & ! dyes are good1 b n[adays unwa%$ ones are extremely sc>ce4 ,,belu*i/an ,,synonyms4--,baloo*1 ,baloo*ee1 ,bilooz1 ,bil\*e1 etc4 ,sometimes wrongly call$ ,blue ,bokh>a4 ,,by ,,:om ,,made4--,by ! ,nomadic tribes ( ,belu*i/an & by ,belu*es resid+ 9 ,afghani/an & ,ea/]n ,p]sia4 ,,knot4--,always ,s5na4 ,numb] v]tically six to t52 numb] horizontally five to twelve2 numb] to squ>e in* ?irty to "o hundr$ tw5ty4 ,,w>p4--,usually wool1 frequ5tly goats' hair4 ,,wo(4--,always d>k wool4 ,,nap4--,f9e1 long1 compact1 lu/r\s wool1 goats' & camels' hair4 ,,sides4--,ov]ca/ or selvag$1 usually ) goats' or horses' hair4 ,,ends4--,wide ornam5t$ selvage ) loose or twi/$ w>p ends4 ,(t5 a r[ ( color$ y>ns run ?r\gh ! web4 ,,bord]4--,f ?ree to f\r bord] /ripes1 usually "o wide "o & two n>r[ ones4 ,,prevail+ ,,colors4--,usually d>k r$s & d>k br[ns ) a spr9kl+ ( :ite4 ,tan is frequ5tly employ$ 9 ! field & is g5]ally ! undy$ camel's hair4 ,illu/ration3 ,,belu*i/an ,,rug ,size #f'h #c'd 7,)\t ! webb+1 :i* is "o foot long at ea* end7 7,,m9a ,,khani ,,design7 ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,,designs4--,geometrical devices1 hexagons1 octagons1 etc4 ,occasionally /iff floral patt]ns4 ,,sizes4--,mo/ly small1 two to sev5 by ?ree to elev5 feet4 ,,co/4--,f #a4jj to #b4ej p] squ>e foot4 ,,rem>ks4--,"o ( ! la/ rugs to be affect$ by outside influ5ces4 ,al?\gh sc>cely any *emical dyes are us$1 ! doctor+ process has be5 adopt$ s t n[adays an unwa%$ ,belu*i/an is a sc>ce article4 ,! mod]n ones are inf]ior to ! antiques1 al?\gh all we> well4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,,knot3 ,s5na4 ,eight to ! in* v]tically & ?irte5 horizontally1 mak+ "o hundr$ eight to ! squ>e in*4 ,! c5tre field ( d>k blue is cov]$ ) ! ,m9a ,khani design1 :i*1 be+ a ,kurdi% design1 is seldom f\nd 9 ,belu*i/an products4 ,! two n>r[ bord] /ripes 9 :ite are ( ! ,greek key design ^u a backgr\nd ( d>k br[n1 :ile ! ma9 bord] /ripe consi/s ( rectil9eal v9es & fl[]s arrang$ simil>ly to ! ,h]ati bord] design ^u a v>y+ backgr\nd ( light & d>k ,turkoman r$4 ,! webb+ at ea* end is cov]$ ) f9e designs & /ripes & 9 sev]al places are talismanic tufts ( wool4 ,,*9ese ,,rugs ,illu/ration3 ,,*9ese ,,rug ,size1 #bc' #bd' ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,co/ikyan ,,co41 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,pres5t$ by ! late ,mr4 ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan to ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,a v unique & beautiful piece4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ & co/ly rugs 9 ,am]ica4 ,! cl\d b&s & ! five claw$ ,*9ese dragons are fram$ 9 by ! ,*9ese fret4 7,see page #cja7 ,,*9a ,,*9ese ,,rugs4 ,x is practically )9 ! la/ decade or s t ! arti/ic m]its ( ! ,*9ese rugs h be5 fully appreciat$4 ,previ\s to t "t !y 7 promptly laid aside to make place = ! o!r ,ori5tal weaves4 ,a few wise connoisseurs 7 9 ! meantime secur+ all ! *oice pieces available & "s h made !mselves indep5d5tly weal?y by _! sagaci\s =e?\ght4 ,at ! pres5t "t ,*9ese rugs are eag]ly s\ght & treasur$ m ?an ^? ( any o!r class1 good ones br++ fabul\s prices4 ,to illu/rate ! rapid advance 9 ! value ( *oice pieces ! writ] w relate "o incid5t out ( _m simil> ones :i* to 8 k h occurr$4 ,ab\t eighte5 ye>s ago a weal?y horseman ( ,c5tral ,new ,york di$ leav+ a /able :i*1 toge!r ) its furni%+s1 0 wor? _m ?\s&s ( doll>s4 ,sometime aft] 8 dea? ! furni%+s 7 sold at public auction4 ,among ! articles ?us dispos$ ( 0 a ,*9ese rug #aj #ab :i* 0 bid 9 by a ,new ,york man = #aej4jj4 ,two ye>s ago x 0 resold = #be1jjj4 ,exclud+ ^? ( rec5t make1 ,*9ese rugs are ( good workman%ip & hone/ dyes1 ! weav]s be+ little influ5c$ by mod]n ideas1 consequ5tly !y are durable &1 on acc\nt ( _! orig9al ,mongolian designs1 c easily be di/+ui%$ f ! o!r ,ori5tal products4 ,un=tunately1 on acc\nt ( ! gr[+ sc>city ( wool 9 ,*9a & on acc\nt ( =eign invasion1 ! rug indu/ry seems to be dy+ out4 ,! classification ( ,*9ese rugs is a difficult matt]1 9 fact any?+ l an accurate classification is impossible ev5 = a connoisseur = !y _c be assign$ to ! diff]5t prov9ces by ! f9i% ( _! sides & ends z are ! o!r ,ori5tal weaves1 b ! classification mu/ dep5d mo/ly ^u ! colors1 mat]ials & workman%ip1 :i* 7 9 vogue at c]ta9 p]iods1 z well z ! effect ( "t ^u ^! colors & mat]ials4 ,^? :i* rea* our own %ores are g5]ally divid$ into ?ree classes accord+ to ! di/ricts f :i* !y came1 namely1 ,pek91 ,ti5ts9 & ,?ibet1 ! latt] be+ practically ,*9ese al?\gh n geographically s4 ,! above are nam$ 9 ord] ( _! excell5ce1 ! f9e/ pieces1 z a rule1 com+ f nor!rn ,*9a4 ,unlike o!r ,ori5tal textiles ^? ( ,*9a may be int]e/+ly classifi$ accord+ to ! symbolism ( _! designs1 ?us we may h ! longevity rug 9 :i* are depict$ ! crane1 ! /ork1 ! de]1 or ! tortoise1 all ( :i* are symbols ( longevity4 ,! lit]>y rug is decorat$ ) books1 ink /&s1 p5cils1 bru%es1 scrolls1 & sceptres4 ,! bat1 ! g\rd1 ! circle ( happ9ess1 & ! %\ d5ote happ9ess2 ! dragon1 ! lion1 ! phnix1 & ! sword au?ority & p[]2 ! swa/ika1 ! knot ( de/9y1 ! swall[1 & ! magpie are symbols ( good luck1 :ile 9 ! religi\s rugs are f\nd ! ros>y1 ! inc5se burn] & v>i\s alt> implem5ts4 ,! ,*9ese weav] is fond ( fill+ e available space ) objects ) :i* he comes 9 daily contact1 ?us among ! animate ?+s may be m5tion$ butt]flies1 dogs1 doves1 ducks & swans4 ,among ! inanimate ?+s are vases1 *ess bo>ds1 j>s1 /&s1 baskets1 :eels1 ribbons1 %ells1 pots & plates1 :ile among ! fl[]s are ! peony1 ! primrose1 ! pea*1 ! magnolia & tea blossom1 ! lotus1 ! or*id1 ! *rysan!mum1 ! sun fl[] & ! a/]4 ,!re are sev5 designs1 :i* on acc\nt ( ! great frequ5cy ) :i* !y are us$1 are wor?y ( special m5tion4 ,nam$ 9 ord] ( _! employm5t1 !y are ! circle ( happ9ess1 ! ,*9ese fret1 ! swa/ika1 ! butt]fly1 ! bat1 ! %\1 & ! dragon4 ,! circle ( happ9ess :i* is f\nd 9 ne>ly all classes ( ,*9ese rugs is a circle or ovoid )9 :i* are work$ v>i\s ,mongolian designs4 ,! ,*9ese1 or ,greek fret1 z x is sometimes call$1 is a bord] design sugge/$ by ! ov]lapp+ ( ! sea waves & is f\nd 9 fully two-?irds ( ! ,*9ese products4 ,! swa/ika ne$s little explanation o!r ?an ! /atem5t t = c5turies x has symboliz$ good luck to _m tribes 9 di/ant p>ts ( ! _w4 ,butt]flies1 symbols ( vanity1 are frequ5tly f\nd int]m+l$ ) fl[]s or bats1 ! latt] be+ symbolic ( happ9ess4 ,! %\1 :i* /&s = prosp]ity1 has ne>ly a hundr$ diff]5t =ms1 _m ( :i* are simil> 9 %ape to ! ,egyptian sc>ab4 ,! dragon1 ! ,*9ese symbol = sov]eignty1 always has five claws1 unlike ! ,japanese dragon1 :i* has b ?ree4 ,x is frequ5tly repres5t$ z hold+ or look+ t[>ds a r\nd object1 ! s-call$ *9 or jewel4 ,! mat]ials f :i* ! ,*9ese make _! rugs are practically ! same z are us$ 9 ! o!r rug mak+ c\ntries ) p]haps ! exception t ! wool v>ies m 9 quality1 be+ on an av]age consid]ably co>s] ?an t ( ,p]sia or ,anatolia4 ,! ,*9ese also employ consid]able hair1 :i* 9 appe>ance v mu* resembles t ( a c[4 ,rugs made ( ?is hair are kn[n z ,yak rugs4 ,*9ese weav+ diff]s little f t ( o!r p>ts ( ! ,ori5t4 ,bo? ! ,s5na & ! ,ghiordes knots are employ$1 mo/ frequ5tly ! =m]1 b ! appe>ance is diff]5t on acc\nt ( ! size & loos5ess ( ! w>p & pile y>n1 :i*1 9 _m in/ances1 makes x impossible = ! weav] to tie ov] eight to t5 knots to ! squ>e in*4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 designs 7 frequ5tly made to /& out 9 relief by cutt+ some:at %ort] ! wool ar\nd !m4 ,*9ese designs are *>act]i/ic & int]e/+1 be+ simil> to ^? f\nd 9 ! old ,*9ese porcela9s4 ,z a rule !y are simple1 ) little detail & are outl9$ ) a contra/+ color4 ,no family or tribal designs are employ$ z 9 ! o!r rug mak+ c\ntries4 ,ea* rug be+ usually ! "w ( "o weav]1 bo? 9 design & execution1 x is frequ5tly symbolic ( 8 cre$4 ,dur+ ! #af? & #ag? c5turies ! majority ( ,*9ese rugs _h a field ( solid color or 7 cov]$ ) ! trellis design4 ,!y also _h b few n>r[ bord] /ripes1 ei!r 9 pla9 colors or c>ry+ simple geometric designs1 b ab\t ! middle ( ! #ah? c5tury1 !y began to %[ ,p]sian influ5ce1 floral patt]ns be+ adopt$ especially = ! bord]s4 ,l ! designs1 ! colors employ$ by ! weav]s are q simil> to ^? us$ 9 ! old porcela9s4 ,z a rule1 !y are dull1 w>m & h>moni\s1 b few %ades be+ us$ 9 ! same piece4 ,! colors & %ades mo/ frequ5tly us$ 9 ,*9ese rugs1 nam$ 9 ord] ( _! employm5t1 are d>k blue1 yell[1 light blue1 apricot1 ivory :ite1 d>k br[n1 cream1 old r$1 tan1 fawn1 rob9's egg blue1 gre51 fruit r$1 p]simmon r$1 a% :ite1 sapphire blue1 pea* bl[1 salmon p9k1 br[ni% r$1 brick r$1 gre5i% yell[1 turquoise blue1 copp] p9k1 & black4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antique ,,*9ese ,,rug ,size #c'f #e'f ,,prop]ty ,,( ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,co4 ,,own]',s ,,description ,color3 ,blue & gold4 ,field3 ,elaborate peony leaf & fl[] decoration4 ,bord]3 ,intricate swa/ika-fret motive4 ,date3 #agij4 ,! diff]5t %ades are ( consid]able assi/ance to ! connoisseur 9 e/imat+ ! age ( a rug1 = in/ance1 rob9's egg blue1 gold5 br[n1 & tan 7 mo/ly 9 vogue dur+ ! #ag? c5tury1 & dur+ t p]iod1 gre5 & lemon citron1 gre5i% & r$di% yell[s 7 nev] employ$4 ,,! ,,examples ,,illu/rat$ ,?ree color plates ( ^! attractive rugs are giv51 ) accompany+ descriptions 7see pages #cjj1 #cjf & #cah74 ,,ghileems1 ,,silks1 ,,& ,,felts ,,ghileems ,also spell$ ,gileem1 ,gilim1 ,khilim1 ,kilim1 ,killim4 ,a pileless rug :i* is made by b9d+ a dy$ weft ?read ar\nd ! w>p ?reads by means ( a %uttle or ne$le1 mak+ ! fabric alike on bo? sides & leav+ op5 spaces betwe5 ! w>p ?reads :]e ! *anges ( color are made4 ,?is is ! primitive mode ( weav+ & requires mu* m skill ?an does ! pile me?od4 ,ghileems are wov5 at ! pres5t day m ?an ev] all ov] ! ,caucasus1 ,anatolia1 ,kurdi/an1 ,p]sia1 & 9 "s p>ts ( ,turke/an4 ,^? :i* are f\nd 9 ! ,we/]n m>kets come mo/ly f ,cs>ea1 ,s5na1 ,%irvan1 ,kurdi/an1 & ,m]ve4 ,z a rule ea* v>iety adopts ! designs & colors :i* are 9 vogue 9 ! p>ticul> locality f :i* !y come1 b frequ5tly ! bord] /ripes d n ext5d ar\nd ! :ole fabric z is almo/ inv>iably ! rule ) ! pile c>pets4 ,by ! ,ori5tal ! ,ghileems h be5 us$ z floor cov]+s f ! e>lie/ times2 by ! ,occid5tal !y are us$ almo/ exclusively z portires1 c\* cov]s1 & table spreads4 ,z a rule1 !y are sold 9 ! ,ori5t by weight1 &1 l mo/ ( ! o!r textiles1 h ( late ye>s n be5 extremely free f outside influ5ces4 ,,s5na ,,ghileem ,s5na ,ghileem is ! f9e/ quality ( ,ghileem produc$1 be+ mu* f9] 9 texture ?an any ( ! o!r ,ghileems4 ,z a rule !y h small intricate patt]ns1 ) an op5+ at ea* *ange ( color1 9 fact !y are exact duplicates ( ! ,s5na pile rugs 9 design & h ! same f9i% on ! sides & ends4 ,! ,h]ati design is commonly us$ 9 ! field b seldom 9 ! bord]4 ,9 sizes !y v>y f ?ree & "o-half to f\r & "o-half by five & "o-half to sev5 feet1 seldom l>g] or small]4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,! ma9 bord] /ripe c>ries a me&]+ v9e ) a pe>-%ap$ leaf at ea* turn & on ei!r side ( x is a n>r[ /ripe consi/+ ( floral =ms :i* are connect$ by leaves arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a me&]4 ,,anatolian ,,ghileem ,anatolian ,ghileems are1 z a rule1 light 9 weight & co>se 9 texture1 ) _m op5 spaces & ) bold geometrical ,turki% designs & bright colors4 ,!y are made ( good wool & are f9i%$ ) a fr+e at ea* end4 ,z a rule !y c be di/+ui%$ by _! pray] ni*e or by a seam ?r\gh ! c5tre1 ! l>g] sizes1 :i* d n come 9 ! pray] design1 usually be+ made by sew+ two long1 n>r[ pieces toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s5na ,,ghileem 7,,h]ati ,,design7 ,,prop]ty ,,( ,a4 ,u4 ,,dilley ,,co4 ,,kis ,,ghileem ,kis ,ghileem1 :i* means girl rug1 are ,turki% ,ghileems made by ! ,mohamm$an girls = _! suitors1 x be+ a ,turki% cu/om = a girl1 z soon z %e becomes engag$1 to weave "o ( ^! rugs to pres5t to h] future husb& 9 ord] to %[ ! quality ( h] h&iwork2 !re=e1 be+ judg$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by ! grade ( h] weav+1 %e naturally does h] be/4 ,= ?is reason _m ( ! s-call$ ,kis ,ghileems are ( excell5t workman%ip4 ,!y c>ry typical ,turki% designs & are f9i%$ ) a fr+e at ea* end4 ,9 size !y v>y f two & "o-half to sev5 by f\r to fifte5 feet1 ! small] sizes usually be+ ( ! pray] /yle1 :ile ! l>g] ones are made ( two p>ts sew$ toge!r1 little c>e be+ tak5 to make ! patt]ns ( ! two pieces mat* well4 ,frequ5tly we w f9d small tufts ( wool1 beads or a lock ( ! weav]'s hair atta*$ to ! w>p ?reads z a talisman4 ,,%irvan ,,ghileem ,%irvan ,ghileems are always recogniz$ by _! designs1 :i* are l ^? ( no o!r ,ghileem1 be+ compos$ ( num]\s /ripes runn+ across ! :ole wid? ( ! rug & cov]$ ) geometrical devices simil> to ^? ( ! ,daghe/an4 ,^! /ripes are f eight to twelve in*es wide ) n>r[ pla9 blue1 gre51 or r$ /ripes betwe54 ,!y are ne>ly always wov5 9 "o piece & ( good wool1 b are heavy & co>se1 ) l>ge op5work spaces4 ,9 size !y v>y f ?ree to eight by six to twelve feet1 ! av]age be+ five by n9e feet4 ,,kurdi% ,,ghileem ,kurdi% ,ghileems1 l o!r ,kurdi% rugs1 rank among ! be/ ( _! class1 be+ made ( ! f9e/ ( wool & closely wov54 ,!y usually consi/ ( two or m pieces sew$ toge!r or jo9$ by embroid]$ geometrical designs & _m y>n ends are left loose on ! "u side1 giv+ a %aggy appe>ance l ! "u side ( ! ,%emakha rugs4 ,9 ?is respect !y are unlike any ( ! o!r ,ghileems4 ,! colors are z a rule subdu$1 d>k %ades ( crimson1 blue1 yell[1 & gre51 ) m or less black & :ite4 ,! pray] design is frequ5t1 ) a ni*e l t ( ! ,ghiordes4 ,! ends are f9i%$ ) a web ^u :i* an attractive design is wov5 or ?r\gh :i* runs a p>ti-color$ ?read simil> to t 9 o!r ,kurdi% rugs4 ,! antiques are v sc>ce4 ,9 sizes !y v>y f f\r to six by sev5 to twelve feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kurdi% ,,ghileem ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,nahigian ,,bros41 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,?is is "o ( two /rips :i* 7 orig9ally sew$ toge!r l _m ( ! ,ghileems ( ?is class4 ,! pr$om9at+ colors are gre51 r$1 d>k br[n & :ite4 ,ea* end is f9i%$ ) a %ort web & braid$ w>p ?reads4 ,x also has _m loose y>n ends on ! back side1 :i* is a *>act]i/ic feature ( ! ,kurdi% ,ghileems4 ,,m]ve ,,ghileem ,m]ve ,ghileems are made 9 ! vic9ity ( ,m]ve1 9 ! ,turkoman di/rict4 ,!y diff] f all o!r ,ghileems 9 t ! colors are divid$ diagonally in/ead ( v]tically or horizontally ) ! w>p or wo( ?reads4 ,= ?is reason no op5 spaces are left4 ,! colors are few & subdu$1 :ite especially be+ seldom us$1 & 9 design !y are mo/ mode/1 ! field z a rule be+ divid$ transv]sely into ?ree or f\r p>ts by ornate l9e patt]ns resembl+ 9 "s respects ! ,kurdi% ,ghileems4 ,!y frequ5tly come 9 pray] =m ) designs less /rik+ ?an ^? ( ! ,kurdi% ,ghileems & /rongly resembl+ ^? ( ! ,belu*i/an4 ,"s are ( great size4 ,,! ,,example ,,illu/rat$ ,"o ( two /rips :i* 7 orig9ally sew$ toge!r4 ,l _m ( its class ! field ( ?is piece is divid$ transv]sely into a numb] ( /ripes1 ea* ab\t a foot wide4 ,ea* /ripe is ( a diff]5t color1 be+ tan1 gre51 :ite & br[n1 & ! :ole field is cov]$ ) a trellis ( s]rat$ lat* hook designs 9 r$1 ! divisions ( :i* conta9 diamond =ms 9 diff]5t colors4 ,!re is a %ort web at ea* end1 "o ) loose w>p ?reads & ! o!r knott$4 ,,silk ,,rugs ,silk rugs 7 fir/ made 9 ,*9a & aft]w>ds 9 ,anatolia & ,nor!rn ,p]sia1 :]e silk is produc$ 9 great quantities4 ,!y 7 =m]ly made = mosques1 = royalty1 or = v ri* p1 exp]t weav]s be+ hir$ = ! occasion & ! mat]ial be+ furni%$ by ! "o :o ord]$ ! "w done4 ,f9e silk rugs are unsurpass$ 9 beauty1 ri*1 exquisite color+1 & r>e %e51 b !y h nev] be5 practical z floor cov]+s2 fir/1 because !y require su* luxuri\s surr\nd+s1 & second1 because ! we>+ quality ( silk does n comp>e ) t ( wool4 ,! g5u9e ,p]sian silk rugs are gett+ sc>ce & almo/ priceless4 ,/range z x may seem1 few ( ^! pieces h be5 s\ght by ei!r ! museums or collectors ( ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m]ve ,,ghileem ,size #aj' #b'h ,,kurdi% ,,ghileem ,size #ae'd #b'f ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,mr4 ,,joseph ,,%ehadi ,^? made at ,ka%an 9 ,nor!rn ,p]sia are ! be/ ( ! pres5t day products4 ,z a rule !y are made entirely ( silk hav+ a n>r[ web & a fr+e ( loose w>p ?reads at ea* end & ) beautiful %ades ( r$1 rose1 turquoise1 old ivory1 & gre54 ,9 ,p]sia !y sell = f #aj4jj to #ae4jj p] squ>e foot & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = f #ae4jj to sev]al hundr$ doll>s a squ>e foot4 ,a mu* *eap] & a purely comm]cial product comes f ,kais>ieh or ,cs>ea1 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,^!1 z a rule1 h a cotton w>p & weft & are copi$ aft] ! old ,p]sian & ,ghiordes designs1 especially ! s-call$ ,mosque design ) ! hang+ lamp4 ,^! rugs are undesirable 9 color1 dyes & workman%ip & are inv>iably wor? mu* less ?an ! prices ask$ = !m4 ,! great majority ( !m c be detect$ by ! direction 9 :i* ! pile runs1 x be+ incl9$ t[>ds ! top in/ead ( t[>ds ! bottom4 ,x is easy to g a/ray 9 ! pur*ase ( silk rugs on acc\nt ( ! num]\s m]c]iz$ & wool silk imitations1 _m ( !m n ev5 be+ h&-ti$ b ma*9e made4 ,,felt ,,rugs ,felt rugs are made to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 ne>ly e "p ( ,p]sia1 b *iefly at ,ispahan1 ,a/rabad1 & ,yezd4 ,!y are made ( wool1 goats' hair or camels' hair or ( a comb9ation ( two or all ( ^! sub/ances1 accord+ to ! color desir$4 ,z no dyes are employ$ & ! f9i%$ product is ! same 9 color z t ( ! mat]ials us$1 !y are usually gray1 :ite or buff1 mo/ frequ5tly ! latt]4 ,! mat]ial is matt$ toge!r by be+ p\nd$1 occasionally spr9kl$ ) wat] 9 :i* rapese$-oil cakes h be5 soak$ = a long "t1 & !n p\nd$ m until x becomes compact & solid4 ,! f9i%$ product v>ies 9 ?ickness f ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* to ?ree in*es & is z s(t & pliable z clo?1 b too heavy = exportation1 consequ5tly few come to ,we/]n m>kets4 ,9 ! ,ori5t !y are us$ z floor cov]+s on top ( :i* ord9>y pile c>pets are plac$4 ,9 ?is c\ntry !y h be5 us$ 9 b$rooms1 also z a cov]+ = d9+ tables1 & z sil5ce clo?s1 b !y w n /& ! we> ( *airs & are an easy m>k = mo?s4 ,!y c be pur*as$ = f #g4jj to #aj4jj p] y>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antique ,,*9ese ,,cu%ion ,,rug ,size #b'b #b'b ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,,knot3 ,s5na4 ,eight to ! in* horizontally & six v]tically1 mak+ only =ty-eight to ! squ>e in*1 b ! pile wool is s fluffy t x has ! appe>ance ( be+ q closely wov54 ,?is piece is und\bt$ly a v old "o4 ,x has a long silky pile ) deep ,*9ese blue gr\nd1 display+ a c5tral m$allion ( floral =ms1 frets & swa/ikas wov5 9 s(t r$1 yell[1 drab & :ite4 ,also corn] motifs 9 simil> colors1 all ( :i* is fram$ by ?ree h>moni\s bord]s1 an inn] b& consi/+ ( :ite dots on a blue backgr\nd2 ! ma9 bord] /ripe compos$ ( graceful floral scrolls & blossoms 9 yell[1 light blue1 drab1 r$ & :ite on a blue gr\nd1 & ! o!r bord] ( pla9 blue4 7,see page #cja7 ,,classification ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,int5d$ ,,use ,,pray] ,,rugs 7,,namazlik7 ,9 all ages f9e rugs h be5 us$ = religi\s purposes by ! fai?ful foll[]s ( ! prophet4 ,e ,mohamm$an has 8 pray] rug1 m or less valuable accord+ to 8 means1 :i* he always c>ries ) him & ^u :i* he pro/rates himself five times a day :5 ! appo9t$ h\r = pray] arrives4 ,by means ( a small compass he spreads 8 rug s t ! mihrab or ni*e po9ts t[>ds ,mecca1 :]e ,mohamm$'s body lies4 ,!n aft] remov+ all jewelry & money f 8 p]son1 9 ord] to appe> be=e ,god 9 ! mo/ abject humility1 he combs 8 be>d1 produces a ros>y ( n9ety-n9e beads & a dri$ cake ( e>? :i* came f ,mecca4 ,^! he places j "u ! ni*e & !n1 re/+ 8 head on ! e>? ) 8 h&s out/ret*$ on ei!r side1 he p]=ms 8 devotions4 ,! mihrab or ni*e on :i* ! wor%ipp] places 8 head repres5ts ! door ( a mosque & rem9ds ^? :o use x ( ! sacr$ mosque at ,mecca4 ,occasionally pray] rugs w be f\nd ) ?ree or m ni*es1 especially among ! ,caucasian products4 ,^! are int5d$ = *ildr5 or = family wor%ip4 ,o!rs may h in/ead ( a pray] ni*e1 ?ree small m$allions1 "o ea* = ! h&s & "o to receive ! =ehead4 ,= conv5i5ce ! pray] rug is ( small size1 usually f two & "o-half to f\r by f\r to six feet4 ,^? int5d$ = p]sonal use frequ5tly h ! "n ( ! own] on & are ( ! v be/ workman%ip4 ,combs & o!r objects us$ 9 ! act ( wor%ip are frequ5tly depict$ 9 or ne> ! pray] ni*e4 ,! pray] ni*e takes v>i\s =ms 9 diff]5t k9ds ( rugs1 seldom m ?an "o class hav+ ! same =m4 ,z a rule t ( ! ,p]sians is =m$ by curv$ l9es1 :ile all o!rs are =m$ by /raight l9es1 ^? ( bo? ! ,p]sian & ,turki% classes be+ po9t$1 :ile ^? ( ! ,caucasian & ,turkoman classes may ei!r be po9t$ or flat at ! top1 usually ! latt]4 ,9 diff]5tiat+ betwe5 ^! diff]5t classes we are assi/$ n only by ! %ape ( ! mihrab1 b also by ! v>i\s field designs1 su* = in/ance z ! panels above & bel[ ! pray] field1 ! lant]ns or p5dants :i* hang f ! c5tre ( ! ni*e1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v>i\s ,,=ms ,,( ,,! ,,pray]-,,ni*e ,,9 ,,rugs #a4 ,p]sian #b4 ,p]sian #c4 ,p]sian & ,konieh #d4 ,me%$ & ,s>uk #e4 ,tabriz #f4 ,kirman #g4 ,kirman #h4 ,kirman & ,kulah #i4 ,h]ez & ,kulah #aj4 ,kulah #aa4 ,kulah #ab4 ,kulah #ac4 ,kulah #ad4 ,ghiordes #ae4 ,ghiordes #af4 ,ghiordes #ag4 ,ghiordes #ah4 ,anatolian #ai4 ,anatolian #bj4 ,konieh #ba4 ,konieh & ,meles #bb4 ,ladik #bc4 ,ladik #bd4 ,kais>iyeh #be4 ,b]gama1 ,g5ghis1 ,daghe/an1 ,bokh>a #bf4 ,b]gama #bg4 ,meles #bh4 ,meles #bi4 ,daghe/an & ,kazak #cj4 ,kazak & ,belu*i/an ,,s+le ,,panels4--,:5 only "o panel is us$ x is inv>iably above ! pray] field4 ,! ,kulah ne>ly always has b "o1 ! ,anatolian g5]ally1 & ! ,ghiordes seldom4 ,,d\ble ,,panels4--,! ,ghiordes ne>ly always has two1 ! ,b]gama g5]ally1 & ! ,kulah seldom4 ,,hang+ ,,p5dants are always pres5t 9 ! ,kais>ieh1 frequ5tly 9 ! ,ghiordes1 & seldom 9 ! ,kulah4 ,,pill>s are always pres5t 9 ! ,kais>ieh1 frequ5tly 9 ! ,kulah1 & only occasionally 9 ! ,ghiordes4 ,,pla9 ,,pray] ,,fields 7except+ ! lamp7 are mo/ frequ5t 9 ! ,turki% rugs4 ,,fill$ ,,pray] ,,fields are inv>iably pres5t 9 ! ,caucasian & ,turkoman rugs & g5]ally 9 ! ,p]sians4 ,,he>? ,,rugs 7,,odjaklik7 ,he>? rugs may be di/+ui%$ by ! %ape ( _! field1 ea* end ( :i* resembles ! ni*e ( ! pray] rugs belong+ to ! same class4 ,!y are usually f ?ree & "o-half to f\r by five to sev5 feet & are v preci\s to ! family1 :o always spread !m be=e ! fire ^u ! arrival ( a gue/1 & once a fugitive1 flee+ f 8 enemies1 ent]s a t5t & sets 8 foot ^u ! he>? rug1 ! own] & 8 p 7 b\nd to def5d him4 ,,grave ,,rugs 7,,turbehlik7 ,grave rugs are usually ! comb9$ h&iwork ( all ! memb]s ( ! h\sehold &1 9 accordance ) an anci5t cu/om1 are us$ to cov] ! dead be=e int]m5t & ! grave aft] int]m5t1 hav+ practically ! same import z fl[]s d ) u4 ,!y are usually wov5 9 sombre t9ts to express grief & 9 light colors to d5ote resurrection4 ,! cypress tree1 :i* is symbolic ( sorr[1 is usually ! lead+ feature ( ! design & !re are g5]ally "s inscriptions f ! ,koran4 ,,d[ry ,,or ,,w$d+ ,,rugs 7,,kis ,,ghileem7 ,d[ry or w$d+ rugs are wov5 by ! ,ea/]n maid5 = h] d[ry4 ,!y are usually small 9 size & are seldom se5 9 ,am]ica1 z !y are always greatly priz$ by ! ,ori5tal4 ,a m def9ite description ( !m w be f\nd "u ! head+ ( ,ghileems4 ,illu/ration3 ,,saddle ,,clo?1 ,,saddle ,,bags ,,& ,,p[d] ,,bag ,,mosque ,,or ,,mecca ,,rugs ,mosque or ,mecca rugs are sometimes call$ ,tribute rugs4 ,! weal?y ,mohamm$an rul]s vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 tak+ ) !m on _! pilgrimage to ,mecca rugs ( ! f9e/ mat]ials & *oice/ designs = pres5tation to ! mosque1 ! :ole int]ior ( :i* 0 usually hung ) c>pets1 beautiful & co/ly beyond description4 ,_m ( ^! s-call$ mosque rugs 7 ( ! ,%iraz class4 ,x is /ill ! cu/om 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,ori5t to give rugs to ! mosque z ?ank (f]+s = special bless+s receiv$ & frequ5tly ! ,mohamm$an bequea?s a rug :5 he dies to ! mosque :]e he wor%ipp$4 ,,ba? ,,rugs 7,,hammanlik7 ,ba? rugs are usually ab\t ?ree feet squ>e & h a peculi> lu/re due to _! frequ5t contact ) soap & wat]4 ,"o ( ^! ba? rugs is usually pres5t$ to ! bride by h] p>5ts on h] w$d+ day4 ,,pill[ ,,cases 7,,ye/eklik7 ,pill[ cases are kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z ,anatolian mats & are describ$ z su* 9 ! *apt] on ,turki% ,classification4 ,,sample ,,corn]s ,sample corn]s are mats ab\t two feet squ>e & are wov5 = ! purpose ( %[+ ! v>iation ( bord]1 color1 & design to "s weal?y rul] :o wi%es a c>pet wov54 ,!y are aft]w>ds us$ 9 ! weav]'s family & seldom rea* ! m>ket4 7,see p4 #cbh47 ,,saddle ,,bags 7,,hehbelik7 ,saddle bags always come 9 pieces ( v>y+ wid?s1 accord+ to ! k9d ( animal = :i* !y are int5d$4 ,^? int5d$ = donkeys usually run f "o to "o & "o-half by "o & "o-half to two feet1 :ile ^? int5d$ = horses or camels usually run f "o & "o-half to two & "o-half by five to six feet or m4 ,^? f ,p]sia & ,anatolia are usually small & ne>ly squ>e1 :ile ^? f ,bokh>a & ,belu*i/an are usually l>ge & oblong4 ,^! saddle bags are q appropriate = ba*elor ap>tm5ts1 arti/s' /udios1 or smok+ rooms & are sometimes us$ on a suitable /&>d z a newspap] or magaz9e receptacle4 7,see illu/ration at p4 #cbf47 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,conv5i5t ,,p]iodical ,,hold] 7,see page #bab7 ,,saddle ,,cov] 7,,sem]lik7 ,saddle cov]s are us$ by ! weal?y class4 ,!y are ne>ly squ>e1 rang+ f two & "o-half to ?ree by f\r to f\r & "o-half feet1 & h an op5+ at "o end = ! pommel ( ! saddle to pass ?r\gh4 ,! f9e/ ones are f ,s5na4 ,,floor ,,cov]+s ,s$jadeh is ! ,p]sian "n appli$ to ^? ( ! l>g] size1 :ile ,hali is ! "n appli$ to ^? ( m$ium size4 ,ori5tal c>pets are ( mod]n make ) v few exceptions1 mo/ ( !m be+ j z well made z 7 ! antiques1 al?\gh !y %[ consid]able det]ioration 9 dyes4 ,^? :i* are commonly f\nd 9 ! ,we/]n m>ket are ! ,f]aghans1 ,gorevans1 ,hamadans1 ,k]man%ahs1 ,khorasans1 ,kirmans1 ,kurdi/ans1 ,s>ab&s1 ,s5nas1 ,sultanabads1 & ,tabriz among ! ,p]sians2 ! ,kazaks & ,%emakhas among ! ,caucasians2 ! ,guli/ans1 ,ou%aks1 & ,smyrnas among ! ,turki%2 & ! ,khivas & ,yomuds among ! ,turkoman4 ,l>ge rugs co/ m p] squ>e foot1 z a rule1 ?an ! small ones1 z _! size makes heavi] con/ruction imp]ative & increases ! difficulty ( weav+ z well z ! am\nt ( y>n requir$4 ,,runn]s 7,,k5n>7 ,runn]s prop]ly belong to ?is class1 z !y are us$ 9 ! ,ori5t mo/ly to lay along ! sides ( a room4 ,9 ?is c\ntry !y h be5 f\nd extremely conv5i5t z hall rugs4 ,,hang+s 7,,b]delik7 ,to ?is class belong all ( ! silk rugs z well z _m ( ! delicately color$ & extremely light fabrics1 especially ^? t picture g>d5s & portraits or h on !m quotations f ! ,koran4 ,ghileems may also be class$ "u ?is head4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bij> ,,sample ,,corn] 7,%[+ colors1 designs & diff]5t bord]s7 ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,col4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,ludl[1 ,,wanke%a1 ,,wis4 ,,fam\s ,,rugs ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ardebil ,,mosque ,,c>pet 7,see page #ccc7 ,! int]e/ 9 ! v old weav+s is n z manife/ 9 ! ,am]ican cities z 9 _m ( ! ,european cities1 su* = in/ance z ,vi5na1 ,london1 ,p>is1 & ,b]l94 ,?is is due to sev]al reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,europe began ! importation ( ,ori5tal textiles _m ye>s be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates did4 ,9 ! second place1 mo/ ( ! *oice pieces 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates belong to private individuals in/ead ( to museums1 consequ5tly !y are seldom1 if ev]1 se5 by ! public4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 _m ( ! ,european cities1 especially ,london & ,vi5na1 h giv5 a numb] ( public exhibitions ( old rugs1 :ile ! rec5t exhibit at ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts 9 ,new ,york ,city 0 ! fir/ "o ev] held 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,at ?is exhibit !re 7 =ty-sev5 pieces ( ! #ad?1 #ae?1 #af?1 #ag? & #ah? c5turies1 pieces t w\ld comp>e favorably ) ^? ( any c\ntry1 all own$ by private collectors 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates4 ,great cr$it is due ,dr4 ,wm4 ,r4 ,val5t9] & 8 assi/ants = ! promotion & successful managem5t ( ?is exhibition4 ,let u hope t x is b ! beg9n+ ( a s]ies ( su* exhibits :i* w /imulate a m =mal int]e/ & desire to "k m ab\t ^! wond]ful products ( ! ,ea/]n loom4 ,! age ( old rugs c be at lea/ z accurately det]m9$ z ! age ( old pa9t+s & 9 _m cases ev5 m s4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,val5t9] ! s-call$ ,polanaise & ,ispahan rugs belong to ! #ag? c5tury & ! ,p]sian animal or hunt+ rugs belong to ! #af? c5tury1 :ile ! s-call$ dragon rugs belong to ! #ae? c5tury4 ,_m ( ! rugs f ,arm5ia & ! ea/]n "p ( ,asia ,m9or date back z f> z ! #ac? & #ad? c5turies4 ,e old rug has its individual "* manife/ by its designs1 colors1 weave1 & mat]ial1 all ( :i* are peculi> to ! "t :5 x 0 made or ! locality 9 :i* x 0 made1 s t x c be locat$ & dat$ ) great] accuracy ?an w\ld be suppos$4 ,_m e>ly rugs 7 us$ = decorative purposes 9 ! pictures ( ! e>ly ,italian & ,flemi% pa9t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b]l9 ,,dragon ,,& ,,ph,,nix ,,rug 7,see page #ccd7 ,accord+ to recogniz$ au?orities ! s-call$ ,poli% c>pets 7 n wov5 9 ,pol& at all1 b 7 products ( ,p]sia1 & ! s-call$ ,ispahan rugs 7 n made at ,ispahan or ev5 9 ,p]sia1 b came f ! city ( ,h]at 9 ,we/]n ,afghani/an4 ,( ! =m] sev]al hundr$ are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 ! be/ ( :i* are 9 ! ,european c\rts & museums1 ab\t =ty be+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :ile ne>ly e collection conta9s "o or m ( ! ,h]ats4 ,,! ,,ardebil ,,c>pet4--,)\t a d\bt ! mo/ fam\s ,ori5tal c>pet n[ kn[n is ! mosque c>pet ( ,ardebil own$ by ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum 9 ,london4 ,x is a ,p]sian ma/]piece & 0 made 9 #aecf by "o ,maks\d = ! ,ardebil ,mosque4 ,9 size x is ?irty-f\r & "o-half by sev5te5 & "o-half feet & conta9s 9 ! neighborhood ( #cb1jjj1jjj knots1 ab\t #ecj to ! squ>e in*1 & 0 pur*as$ by ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum = #ab1ejj1 al?\gh1 if put up at auction to-day1 x w\ld d\btless br+ _m times t sum4 ,! gr\nd is ( a ri* blue & is cov]$ ) ! mo/ intricate ( old ,p]sian floral designs4 ,x has a c5tral m$allion 9 pale yell[ ) corn]s to mat*4 ,!re are ?ree bord] /ripes1 "o wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ei!r side ( x4 ,! gr\nd ( ! out] /ripe is ( a tawny yell[ ) small floral designs2 ! gr\nd ( ! inn] /ripe is cream color$ & t ( ! ma9 /ripe is ( a ri* br[n ) r\nd & elongat$ panels alt]nat+ & surr\nd$ by a pr(usion ( floral l9es4 ,)9 ^! panels are to be f\nd 9 ,arabic ! foll[+ inscription3 ,i h no refuge 9 ! _w o!r ?an ?y ?re%old2 ,my head has no protection o!r ?an ?is por* way2 ,! "w ( ! slave ( ! ,holy place1 ,maks\d ( ,ka%an4 ,9 ! ye> #idb 7:i* corresponds to ,a4,d4 #aecf47;,b ,,! ,,dragon ,,& ,,ph,,nix ,,rug ( ! ,kais] ,fr$]i* ,museum1 ,b]l91 is a ,c5tral ,asia ,m9or weave ( ! #ad? c5tury & is probably ! olde/ exi/+ rug t has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! repres5tation ( a simil> fabric 9 a pa9t+4 ,x 0 pur*as$ = ! ,b]l9 museum by ,dr4 ,bode1 f a *ur* 9 ,c5tral ,italy on acc\nt ( its resemblance to a rug 9 ! fresco pa9t+ repres5t+ ! ,m>riage ( ! ,f\ndl+s1 "o ( ! s]ies pa9t$ by ,dom5ico di ,b>tolo 9 ,sp$ale di ,santa ,m>ia della ,scala 9 ,s5na ab\t #addj4 ,9 design x repres5ts a dragon & a phnix 9 deadly combat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ea/ ,,indian ,,hunt+ ,,rug ,,9 ,,! ,,bo/on ,,museum ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,mr4 ,,sidney ,n4 ,,deane 7,see page #cce7 ,,! ,,au/rian ,,royal ,,hunt+ ,,c>pet4--,next 9 prom95ce to ! ,ardebil ,c>pet comes ! ,royal ,hunt+ ,c>pet ( ! ,au/rian ,imp]ial & ,royal ,c\rt1 :i* is said to h be5 pres5t$ by ,pet] ! ,great4 ,x is a ,p]sian rug ( great antiquity & %[s ,*9ese influ5ce 9 ! design1 :i* includes elaborately wov5 horsem5 9 pursuit ( de] & o!r animals & w+$ gods 9 conte/ ) lions & buffaloes4 ,,! ,,indian ,,hunt+ ,,rug ( ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts is p]haps ! mo/ not$ ( ! =ty-sev5 pieces :i* 7 9 ! rec5t ,metropolitan exhibit4 ,x 0 made 9 ,india ab\t #afdj1 is eight feet ?ree in*es long by five feet ?ree in*es wide & conta9s ab\t ?ree hundr$ & sixty knots to ! squ>e in*4 ,its pr$om9at+ color is r$4 ,9 ! upp] left-h& corn] are a c\ple ( build+s 9 :i* are seat$ 9 ,ori5tal /yle sev]al individuals4 ,bel[ ^! build+s are sev]al de]1 a *a9$ leop>d 9 a c>t drawn by a bullock1 hunt]s1 a w+$ elephant1 tig]s1 & goats1 all ( :i* are int]sp]s$ ) floral & tree =ms4 ,!re are ?ree bord] /ripes1 ! c5tre "o ( :i* is ! wid] & c>ries leaf-%ap$ panels conta9+ faces4 ,ea* "o ( ^! panels is sep>at$ by a bird & small floral =ms ^u a cream-color$ gr\nd4 ,! two n>r[ /ripes c>ry designs 9 light & d>k blue1 p9k & r$4 ,?is rug 0 pur*as$ at #ce1jjj by ! late ,gov]nor ,ames ( ,massa*usetts & pres5t$ to ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,,! ,,altman ,,pray] ,,rug1 own$ by ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,altman ( ,new ,york ,city1 0 made 9 ,nor? ,p]sia ab\t #aehj4 ,x is simil> to "o :i* 0 9 ! ,y]kes sale & to ano!r "o :i* 0 %[n at ! rec5t ,muni* exhibition ( ,mohamm$an art4 ,x has beautiful floral designs ) arabesques & ,*9ese motifs 9 deep %ades ( r$1 blue1 & yell[1 _m ( ! designs be+ work$ ) light yell[ or silv] ?read 9 ! ghileem /yle4 ,! ,mihrab is ! ,p]sian /yle1 f :i* hangs a mosque lamp :i* is cov]$ ) r$1 yell[1 & p9k fl[]s on a gre5 gr\nd4 ,! l[] "p ( ! field is cov]$ ) v>i\s floral & tree =ms 9 yell[ ) p9k blossoms4 ,!re are two bord] /ripes4 ,! inn] "o has a yell[ gr\nd1 ! l[] "p ( :i* is cov]$ ) arabesques & ! upp] "p ) ,arabic inscriptions 9 blue :i* read ,may ! ,bless+ ( ,god re/ ^u !m all4 ,!re is no ,god b ,allah 7! true ,god72 ,mohamm$ is ! prophet ( ,god4 ,ali is ! sa9t ( ,god4 ,god ! exalt$ "o says3 ,v]ily ,god & ,8 angel %[] _! bless+s ^u ! prophet4 ,oh ye fai?ful s5d y\r bless+s ) ,him1 z well z (f] y\r salutations unto ,him4 ,! out] bord] has a blue gr\nd ^u :i* are r\nd$ octagons & oblong panels 9 gray1 ! latt] conta9+ inscriptions f ! ,koran 9 black4 ,size five feet five in*es by ?ree feet ?ree in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,altman ,,pray] ,,rug ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,mr4 ,,b5jam9 ,,altman ,,! ,,metropolitan ,,animal ,,rug 7see illu/ration at p4 #bf71 f ! ,ardebil ,mosque1 0 made 9 ,nor!rn ,p]sia ab\t #aecj4 ,x 0 pur*as$ by ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art f ! ,y]kes collection4 ,on a cl>et color$ gr\nd are ! repeat$ figures ( a lion1 a jackal1 & a spott$ de] 9 deadly combat4 ,!re are also runn+ bo>s amid a pr(usion ( fl[]s4 ,!re are ?ree bord] /ripes1 a wide "o ) a n>r[ "o on ei!r side4 ,! =m] is fill$ ) arabesques & cl\d b&s 9 blue & p9k on a gr\nd ( d>k blue4 ,! inn] /ripe c>ries a gre5 design on a yell[ gr\nd & ! out] /ripes c>ry a floral design on a r$ gr\nd4 ,9 size x is t5 feet elev5 in*es long by five feet t5 in*es wide & has 9 ! neighborhood ( f\r hundr$ knots to ! squ>e in*4 ,,! ,,bak] ,,hunt+ ,,rug 7see illu/ration at page #cch71 own$ by ,mr4 ,george ,f4 ,bak] ( ,new ,york ,city1 is also "o ( ! f\r fam\s mosque rugs ( ,ardebil4 ,x 0 wov5 ab\t ! middle ( ! #af? c5tury2 x is ab\t f\rte5 by six feet & conta9s upw>ds ( five hundr$ knots to ! squ>e in*4 ,x is a h>moni\s bl5d+ ( r$1 blue1 gre51 p9k1 br[n1 old rose1 cream1 :ite1 & silv]1 ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! field be+ a d>k r$4 ,x has ?ree c5tral m$allions1 "o l>ge "o & a small] "o j above & bel[ x1 ) a qu>t] segm5t ( a cusp$ circle 9 ea* corn] ( ! field to mat*4 ,int]m$iate spaces are fill$ ) fl[]+ bran*es1 fi% & animals1 ! latt] be+ work$ ) silv] ?read 9 ! ghileem /it*4 ,!re is "o wide bord] /ripe ) a n>r[ "o on ei!r side4 ,! =m] has a back ( cream & c>ries alt]nately r\nd & oblong m$allions :i* conta9 v]ses f ! ,koran 9 silv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bak] ,,hunt+ ,,rug ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,mr4 ,,george ,f4 ,,bak] 7,see page #ccg7 ,,gloss>y,c ,,abra%es4 ,! "n appli$ to an irregul>ity 9 weav+ 9 :i* ! color ( ! gr\ndwork 9 a rug is sudd5ly *ang$1 giv+ x ! appe>ance ( hav+ *ang$ weav]s' h&s at t "p4 ,?is is a ,kurdi% *>act]i/ic4 ,,afghan 7f-gn71 see ,khiva4 ,,afghani/an 7f-gn' s-tn74 ,b\nd$ on ! nor? by ,turke/an1 on ! s\? by ,belu*i/an1 on ! we/ by ,p]sia1 & on ! ea/ by ,india4 ,x cov]s ab\t #bae1ddd squ>e miles & has a population ( ne>ly five millions4 ,x is g5]ally m\nta9\s & ! climate is sev]e1 be+ hot & dry 9 ! summ] & cold & /ormy 9 ! w9t]4 ,! gov]nm5t is an h]$it>y absolute mon>*y ( an ,ori5tal despotic type4 ,,a9e4 ,a ,p]sian ^w mean+ an oasis or f\nta94 ,x is sometimes us$ by retail]s1 b is n a specific trade "n4 ,,ak ,,hiss> 7-khis-sr'71 ,akhiss>1 ,aks>1 ,ax>4 ,a city ( ,we/]n ,anatolia1 ne> ,smyrna1 ) a population ( #ab1jjj4 ,! mean+ ( ! "n is ,:ite ,=tress4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,akhiss> rug1 see ,turki% classification4 ,,aks>1 see ,ak ,hiss>4 ,,anatolia 7n--t' li74 ,ano!r "n = ,asia ,m9or4 ,,angora 7n-g' r74 ,"n ( a prov9ce & a city1 ! latt] be+ ! capital ( ! =m] ) a population ( #bh1jjj4 ,! prov9ce is not$ = ! s-call$ ,angora goats4 ,,ardebil 7r-d-bl'74 ,"n ( a ,p]sian t[n on ! we/ %ore ( ! ,caspian ,sea 9 ! ,az]bijan prov9ce4 ,x is f "h t ! celebrat$ ,ardebil c>pet1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 came4 ,,ardelan 7r-de-ln'74 ,a prov9ce 9 ,we/]n ,p]sia 9 ! ,kurdi% di/rict4 ,x furni%es ! highe/ grade ( rugs4 ,,arm5ia 7r-m'n-7 is situat$ p>tly 9 ,transcaucasia1 p>tly 9 ,p]sia1 & p>tly 9 ,turkey 9 ,asia4 ,on ! we/ x is b\nd$ by ! ,black ,sea1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ! ,taurus ,m\nta9s2 on ! s\? by ,mesopotamia1 & on ! ea/ by ,p]sia1 :ile on ! nor? x ext5ds almo/ to ! ,caucasian ,m\nta9s4 ,x is a m\nta9\s c\ntry & gives rise to ne>ly all ( ! great riv]s ( ,we/]n ,asia4 ,x is a c\ntry ( special int]e/ to ! _w inasmu* z x is suppos$ to h be5 ! cradle ( ! human race1 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 9 all probability1 hav+ be5 locat$ among its m\nta9s ne> ! head ( ! riv] ,euphrates1 & x also conta9s ! celebrat$ ,m\nt ,masis1 bett] kn[n z ,ar>at1 ^u :i* ! ,ark ( ,noah re/$ :5 ! wat]s ( ! great flood subsid$4 ,x has an area ( m ?an #gj1jjj squ>e miles1 b ! population is less ?an two & "o-half millions4 ,,asia ,,m9or4 ,t "p ( ,turkey 9 ,asia b\nd$ on ! ea/ by ,kurdi/an & ,p]sia1 on ! we/ by ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 on ! nor? by ! ,black ,sea1 & on ! s\? by ,arabia1 ! ,m$it]ranean & ,r$ ,seas4 ,x is sometimes kn[n z ,anatolia4 ,,askabad 7s-k-bd'74 ,a t[n 9 ,p]sia peopl$ by w&]+ ,turkoman tribes :o make num]\s rugs ( ! usual ,p]sian v>iety4 ,a "n sometimes us$ by retail]s1 b x has no comm]cial mean+4 ,! ,tekke rugs are usually m>ket$ at ,askabad4 ,,ax>1 see ,ak ,hiss>4 ,,az]bijan 7z-er-b-jn'71 ,az]biajan1 ,as]baijan4 ,an agricultural prov9ce 9 ,nor?we/]n ,p]sia1 bord]+ on ,lake ,urumiah1 ( :i* ,tabriz is ! pr9cipal city4 ,x cov]s #dj1jjj squ>e miles & has a population ( #a1jjj1jjj4 ,_m f9e rugs come f ?is prov9ce4 ,,bagdad 7,bg'dd74 ,! "n implies ,abode ( ,peace4 ,! "n ( a prov9ce & a city ( ,mesopotamia on ! ,tigris4 ,! prov9ce cov]s #ed1ejc squ>e miles & has a population ( #hej1jjj4 ,! city has a population ( #ade1jjj & is a m>ket = ! products ( ,we/]n ,p]sia4 ,,bakh%is1 ,bak%ai%4 ,a small village ea/ ( ,tabriz 9 ! ,h]ez di/rict4 ,a great rug c5tre = ! s-call$ ,h]ez rugs4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,bak%ai%1 see ,bakh%is4 ,,baku 7,b-k'74 ,! "n signifies ,place ( ! ,w9ds4 ,a prov9ce & a city4 ,! =m] cov]s an area ( #ae1jie squ>e miles & has a population ( #gij1jjj4 ,! latt] is a port on ! ,caspian ,sea 9 ! he>t ( ! ,russian petroleum di/rict ) a population ( #aab1jjj4 ,_m ,caucasian rugs are m>ket$ "h4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,baku rugs1 see ,caucasian classification4 ,,belu*i/an 7,be-l' *s-tn71 ,balu*i/an1 ,beloo*i/an1 ,bello*4 ,a m\nta9\s & des]t c\ntry b\nd$ by ,p]sia on ! we/1 ,afghani/an on ! nor?1 ,india on ! ea/1 & ! ,arabian ,sea on ! s\?4 ,x has an area ( ab\t #acj1jjj squ>e miles & has a population ( ab\t #hjj1jjj4 ,= description ( ! ,belu*i/an rug1 see page #bif4 ,,b]gama 7,br'g-m71 ,b]gamo1 ,b]ghama1 ,p]gamo4 ,a city 9 ,anatolia1 =ty miles nor? ( ,smyrna4 ,p]gamo 0 ! anci5t "n4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,b]gama rug1 see ,turki% classification4 ,,bij> 7,be-zhr'74 ,a t[n 9 ,we/]n ,p]sia 9 ! prov9ce ( ,kurdi/an4 ,! ,bij> rug is sometimes kn[n z ! ,s>akhs or ,lule4 ,,birj&4 ,! s-call$ ,birj& rugs are wov5 9 ! village ( ,d>ak%1 ab\t fifty miles nor!a/ ( ,birj&4 ,,bokh>a 7,b-kh' r74 ,mean+ ,treasury ( ,sci5ce4 ,a city ( ,russian ,turke/an4 ,x is ! capital ( ! khanate by ! same "n4 ,?is prov9ce has an area ( #adb1jjj squ>e miles ) a population ( less ?an half4 ,= description ( ,bokh>a rugs1 see ,turkoman classification4 ,,br\sa 7,br' s71 ,brusa4 ,a city 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,anatolia ne> ! sea ( ,m>mora4 ,x is ! capital ( ! prov9ce by ! same "n & has a population ( #gf1jjj4 ,,cabi/an1 see ,kabi/an4 ,c,,s>ea1 see ,kais>iyeh4 ,,c>abagh1 see ,k>abagh4 ,,c>ian1 see ,meles4 ,,ca%m]e1 see ,%emakha4 ,,cate*u 7,kt' -*74 ,a dry1 br[n1 a/r+5t extract1 obta9$ by decoction & evaporation f ! acacia cate*u4 ,f x a br[n dye is frequ5tly obta9$4 ,,caucasus 7,k-k' ss74 ,an i/hmus jo9+ ,europe & ,asia4 ,x is b\nd$ on ! we/ by ! ,black ,sea1 & on ! ea/ by ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,! ,caucasian ,m\nta9s ext5d ?r\gh x f its nor?we/]n to its s\!a/]n extremity1 divid+ x into two p>ts1 ,caucasia prop] to ! nor? & ,transcaucasia to ! s\?4 ,x has an area ( ov] #ahj1jjj squ>e miles & ! population is ov] n9e million4 ,,*i*i1 see ,t*et*54 ,,circassian 7,s]-ka%-an71 see ,t*]kess4 ,,cyrus4 ,f\nd] ( ! anci5t ,p]sian mon>*y4 ,,daghe/an 7,d' gs-tn74 ,a di/rict 9 ,russian ,caucasia on ! ,caspian ,sea1 nor? ( ,baku4 ,x cov]s #aa1ceb squ>e miles & has a population ( #ehg1jjj4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,daghe/an rug1 see ,caucasian classification4 ,,demirdji 7,d-mr' j74 ,means ironsmi? or blacksmi?4 ,a city ( ,anatolia4 ,,d]b5d 7,dr-bnt'71 ,d]b5t1 mean+ a =tifi$ gate4 ,a city 9 ! prov9ce ( ,daghe/an on ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,! inhabitants are mo/ly ,t>t>4 ,= description ( ,d]b5d rugs1 see ,caucasian classification4 ,,djidjum1 see ,ghileem4 ,,djijum1 see ,ghileem4 ,,djo%aghan1 see ,jo%aghan4 ,,elizabe?pol4 ,"n ( a prov9ce & a =tifi$ city1 ! latt] ( :i* 0 =m]ly kn[n z ,ganga4 ,,enile1 ,inely4 ,"o ( ! bett] type ( rugs wov5 at ,ou%ak4 ,,f>s 7,frs71 see ,f>si/an4 ,,f>si/an or ,,f>s 7,fr-ss-tn'74 ,a prov9ce 9 ,nor?we/]n ,p]sia ) a population ( #a1gjj1jjj1 compos$ mo/ly ( ! w&]+ ,arabs & ,ka%kais1 :o make high-class rugs ( ! s(te/ & be/ dy$ wool4 ,%iraz is ! lead+ t[n4 ,,f]aidan4 ,a ,p]sian di/rict rul$ by ,ispahan4 ,! rugs made !re are wov5 9 imitation ( ! ,f]aghan quality4 ,,f]aghan 7,fr' -hn74 ,a di/rict 9 ,p]sia ne> ,sultanabad4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,f]aghan rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,ganga4 ,a ,caucasian city n9ety miles s\!a/ ( ,tiflis4 ,n[ kn[n z ,elizabe?pol4 ,,g>\s4 ,a di/rict 9 ,p]sia produc+ a good quality ( rugs4 ,,g5ghis 7,jn' gs71 ,gu5ja1 ,ganga1 ,gu5je1 ,gu5djie4 ,! "n ( a tribe ( ,nomads liv+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,elizabe?pol4 ,,ghileem1 ,khilim1 ,killim1 ,kilim 7,k'-lm74 ,names giv5 to a napless rug :i* is wov5 9 ne>ly all ( ! ,ori5tal rug-weav+ c\ntries4 ,a full description may be f\nd 9 ! *apt] on ,ghileems1 page #caa4 ,,gu5ja1 see ,g5ghis4 ,,gule/an4 ,mean+ ,! ,rose ,g>d51 "n appli$ to "o ( ! bett] type ( rugs wov5 at ,ou%ak4 ,,hamadan 7,h-m-dn'71 ,hamadie1 ,hamidieh4 ,a city 9 ,nor?we/]n ,p]sia1 s\?we/ ( ,sultanabad1 ) a population ( #ce1jjj4 ,x is ! anci5t ,ekbatana :]e ,e/h] & ,mordecai 7 buri$4 ,= description ( ,hamadan rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,hamideh1 see ,hamadan4 ,,h>djli1 or ,pr9cess ,bokh>a4 ,! "n giv5 to a rug made by ! ,tekke ,turkomans4 ,x usually consi/s ( a design ( a cross inclos$ 9 a squ>e4 ,,h]at 7,hr-t'7 is ! capital ( ,afghani/an1 on ! ,p]sian bord]1 & its pr9cipal trade is ) ,me%$4 ,= description ( ,h]at rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,h]ez 7,h' rs71 ,h]iz1 ,h]es4 ,a m\nta9\s di/rict 9 ,nor?we/]n ,p]sia4 ,= description ( ,h]ez rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,inely1 see ,enile4 ,,irak ,,ajemi 7,e-rk' j' -m74 ,! l>ge/ prov9ce 9 ,p]sia4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! c\ntry1 its l>ge/ city be+ ,teh]an1 ! ,p]sian capital4 ,,iran 7,e' rn74 ,! ,p]sian "n = ,p]sia4 ,a "n commonly & wrongfully giv5 to rugs1 except+ 9 ref]r+ to ,p]sian rugs 9 g5]al4 ,,ispahan 7s' p-hn71 mean+ ,place ( ,horses4 ,a city ( #hj1jjj inhabitants 9 ! comm]cial he>t ( ,p]sia4 ,at "o "t x 0 its capital4 ,= description ( ,ispahan rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,jejium1 see ,ghileem4 ,,jelium1 see ,ghileem4 ,,jhelum1 see ,ghileem4 ,,joo%aghan1 see ,jo%aghan4 ,,jo%aghan1 ,joo%aghan4 ,a di/rict 9 ,p]sia1 s\? ( ,f]aghan4 ,= description ( ,jo%aghan rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,kaba-,,k>aman1 see ,k>aman4 ,,kabi/an 7,kb' s-tn71 ,cabi/an4 ,! "n giv5 to rugs wov5 ne> ,kuba on ! %ores ( ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,,kais>iyeh1 ,kais>ieh1 ,kais]iyeh4 ,! ,cs>ea ( ! ,bible4 ,an ,anatolian city ( #gb1jjj population1 ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty miles s\!a/ ( ,angora4 ,an important rug m>ket4 ,,k>aman 7,k-r-mn'74 ,a t[n 9 ,turkey1 s\!a/ ( ,konieh4 ,! "n ,kaba-,k>aman is frequ5tly appli$ to a class ( rugs f ?is t[n4 ,! mean+ ( ! prefix ,kaba is co>se4 ,= description ( ,k>aman rugs1 see ,turki% classification4 ,,k>abagh 7,k-r-b'71 ,c>abagh1 ,%emak9ski1 ,c\ntry ( ! ,sun4 ,a prov9ce 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,transcaucasia1 j nor? ( ,tabriz4 ,= description ( ,k>abagh rugs1 see ,caucasian classification4 ,,k>a ,,dagh 7,k-r-d74 ,mean+ ,black ,m\nta9s1 m\nta9s 9 ,p]sia1 nor? ( ,tabriz4 ,,k>ajah ,,dagh 7,k-r-j' d74 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal rug-mak+ di/ricts ( ,turkey 9 ,asia4 ,,ka%an 7,k'*n74 ,city ( ,p]sia ) #cj1jjj inhabitants4 ,locat$ half way betwe5 ,teh]an & ,ispahan4 ,= description ( ,ka%an rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,ka%mir1 see ,%emakha4 ,,kazak 7,k-zk'71 ,kazack4 ,a corruption ( ! ^w ,cossack4 ,kazak rugs are made by ! ,russian ,cossack tribes 9 ,transcaucasia ne> ,mt4 ,ar>at4 ,= description ( ^! rugs1 see ,caucasian classification4 ,,k]man1 see ,kirman4 ,,k>man%ah 7,kr-mn-%'71 ,kirman%ah4 ,a city ( mud h\ses 9 ! ,ardelan di/rict ( ,we/]n ,p]sia4 ,x has a population ( "s #dj1jjj & is a c5tre ( comm]ce1 b no rugs are wov5 !re4 ,! s-call$ ,k]man%ah rugs come f ,tabriz4 ,= description ( ^! rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,k]mes4 ,an insect f\nd ^u oak trees ab\t ! ,m$it]ranean f :i* a ri*1 fa/ c>m9e dye is obta9$4 ,,k] ,,%ehr1 see ,kir ,%ehr4 ,,khilim1 see ,ghileem4 ,,khiva 7,k'v74 ,a pr9cipality or khanate 9 ,turke/an4 ,x cov]s #bc1aff squ>e miles & has a population ( #hjj1jjj4 ,khiva ,bokh>a is ! prop] "n = ! s-call$ ,afghan rugs1 z ^! rugs are wov5 mo/ly by ! ,nomadic tribe ( ,khiva4 ,= a description ( ^! rugs1 see ,turke/an classification4 ,,khorasan 7,k' r-sn74 ,a l>ge prov9ce 9 ! nor!rn corn] ( ,p]sia1 ( :i* ,me%$ is ! capital4 ,= description ( ,khorasan rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,kilim1 see ,ghileem4 ,,killim1 see ,ghileem4 ,,kirman 7,kr' mn74 ,"n ( a city & a prov9ce 9 ,s\!a/]n ,p]sia4 ,! latt] has an area ( ov] #fc1jjj squ>e miles1 has #fjj1jjj population1 & is l>gely a des]t4 ,= a description ( ! s-call$ ,kirman rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,kirman%ah1 see ,k]man%ah4 ,,kir ,,%ehr 7,kr ,%hr'71 ,k] ,%ehr1 ,ke] ,%ehr1 ,ke] ,%]ir4 ,a ,turki% t[n 9 ! prov9ce ( ,angora1 j ov] ! ,konieh bord]4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,kir ,%ehr rugs1 see ,turki% classification4 ,,kis1 mean+ ,a girl4 ,kis ,ghileem is ! "n appli$ to d[ry rugs wov5 by "y girls4 ,,kiz1 see ,kis4 ,,koniah1 see ,konieh4 ,,konieh 7,k' n-74 ,! anci5t ,iconium4 ,a city ( ,anatolia ) a population ( #dd1jjj4 ,capital ( prov9ce by ! same "n :i* cov]s #ci1fha squ>e miles & has a population ( #a1jhh1jjj4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,konieh rugs1 see ,turki% classification4 ,,k\lah1 see ,kulah4 ,,k\ltuk1 see ,zang54 ,,kuba 7,k' b74 ,"n ( a village & a di/rict 9 ,transcaucasia "u ! ,baku gov]nm5t4 ,kabi/an rugs are wov5 "h4 ,,kulah 7,k' l71 ,k\lah4 ,a city 9 ,turkey1 we/ ( ,ou%ak4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,kulah rugs1 see ,turki% classification4 ,,kurd 7,krd74 ,an inhabitant ( ,kurdi/an4 ,,kurdi/an 7,kr' ds-tn74 ,a region occupy+ ! ea/]n "p ( ,turkey 9 ,asia1 & ! we/]n "p ( ,p]sia4 ,x has an area ( ab\t #gd1jjj squ>e miles & a population ( #c1jjj1jjj4 ,,kurk4 ,a v s(t wool obta9$ by comb+ ! %eep 9 w9t]4 ,,kutayah1 ,kut>ia1 ,kutaya1 ,kut*ia 7,ko-ti-ya74 ,a city ( ,anatolia 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,br\sa1 ab\t sixty miles nor? ( ,ou%ak1 ) a population ( #bb1jjj4 ,,ladik 7,l-dk71 ,ladic1 ,laodicea1 ,latakia4 ,"n ( a rug made 9 ! anci5t village ( ,laodicea 9 ,anatolia1 nor!a/ ( ,konieh4 ,see ,turki% classification4 ,,laodicea 7,l-od-i-c' 71 ,latakia4 ,an anci5t village ( ,anatolia1 nor!a/ ( ,konieh1 ) a population ( #bb1jjj4 ,! s-call$ ,ladik rug comes f "h4 ,,l>i/an 7,lr-s-tn'71 see ,niris4 ,a m\nta9\s prov9ce 9 ,we/]n ,p]sia4 ,,lule 7,l' l74 ,a corruption ( ! ,p]sian ^w r\lez1 mean+ jewel4 ,a t]m frequ5tly appli$ to ,bij> rugs4 ,,luri/an1 see ,l>i/an4 ,,madd]4 ,a dye made f ! root ( ! rubia t9ctorum4 ,f x are made a multitude ( r$s4 ,,mahal 7,m' hl74 ,a "n giv5 to a class ( rugs f ,sultanabad4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,maks\d4 ,! "n ( ! weav] ( ! celebrat$ ,ardebil c>pet1 :i* is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,,mecca1 or ,,mekka 7,mk' k71 ,! ,he>t ( ,islam4 ,! holy city ( ! ,mohamm$ans conta9+ ! ,caaba1 visit$ annually by multitudes ( pilgrims4 ,x has a population ( #fj1jjj4 ,! "n is frequ5tly appli$ by retail]s to ,%iraz rugs4 ,,melace1 see ,meles4 ,,meles 7,m' ls74 ,! "n giv5 to rugs produc$ 9 ! ,smyrna di/rict4 ,a corruption ( ! ^w ,milassa1 a small t[n ab\t "o hundr$ miles s\? ( ,smyrna4 ,see ,turki% classification4 ,,me%$ 7,me%-h$'71 ,me%ad4 ,capital ( ! prov9ce ( ,khorasan 9 ,nor!a/]n ,p]sia ) a population ( #gj1jjj4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,me%$ rugs1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,mesopotamia4 ,consi/s ( t triangul> portion ( ! s\!a/]n "p ( ,turkey 9 ,asia :i* lies betwe5 ! ,tigris & ! ,euphrates4 ,x has an area ( #aca1jjj squ>e miles & a population ( only six million4 ,,milassa4 ,a t[n 9 ,anatolia on ! coa/1 ab\t "o hundr$ miles s\? ( ,smyrna4 ,,mir 7,mr74 ,a village 9 ! di/rict ( ,s>awan1 :]e x is said t ! ,mir or ,mir ,s>ab& design orig9at$4 ,,miskabad1 see ,mu%kabad4 ,,mosul1 ,moss\l1 ,m\s\l4 ,a city ( ,mesopotamia on ! ,tigris4 ,kurdi% tribes m>ket _! rugs "h4 ,= a description ( ! s-call$ ,mosul rug1 see ,turki% classification4 ,,mu%kabad 7,mus-ka-bad71 ,miskabad4 ,a "n giv5 to a class ( ,sultanabad products4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,niris1 ,l>i/an1 ,luri/an4 ,"n appli$ to rugs made by ! hillm5 9 ! upl&s ar\nd ! salt lake ( ,niris 9 ,l>i/an4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,ou*ak1 see ,ou%ak4 ,,ou%ak 7,o'%k71 ,oocuak1 ,u%ak4 ,a city ( ,anatolia1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,aid91 ab\t "o hundr$ miles ea/ ( ,smyrna4 ,x has a population ( #ajj1jjj & is "o ( ! greate/ rug c5tres 9 ,anatolia4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,ou%ak rugs1 see ,turki% classification4 ,,p>a 7,p-r'74 ,piece ( ,turki% money equival5t to ab\t "o mill ( ,am]ican money4 ,,p]gamon 7,pr' g-mon71 ,p]gamos4 ,! "n ( ! anci5t ,greek ,k+dom 9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ,asia ,m9or1 :i* is n[ kn[n z ,b]gama4 ,,p]sia4 ,a k+dom ( ,s\?we/]n ,asia occupy+ ! we/]n half ( ! ,iranian plateau1 :i* rises to ! height ( f six to eight ?\s& feet betwe5 ! valleys ( ! ,indus & ! ,tigris4 ,x has an area ( m ?an a million squ>e miles & a population ( ov] eight million inhabitants4 ,! capital is ,teh]an4 ,,pia/] 7,p-s' tr74 ,a piece ( ,turki% money equal to less ?an f\r c5ts ( our money4 ,,pr9cess ,,bokh>a1 see ,h>djli4 ,,r\lez4 ,p]sian ^w mean+ jewel4 ,see ,lule4 ,,sam>k& 7,sm' r-knd71 ,sam>c&1 ,! ,head ( ,islam4 ,"n ( prov9ce & city 9 ,russian ,turke/an4 ,! =m] ) an area ( #bf1fbg squ>e miles1 & a population ( #heh1jjj2 ! latt] is a v int]e/+ city ) a population ( #ee1jjj4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,sam>k& rugs1 see ,turke/an classification4 ,,s>ab& 7,sr' -bnd71 ,s]eb5d1 ,selville4 ,names giv5 to a class ( rugs wov5 at ,s>awan1 a di/rict 9 ,p]sia j s\? ( ,f]aghan4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,s>ak1 see ,s>akhs4 ,,s>akhs 7,s-rks'74 ,a fronti] t[n ( #aj1jjj inhabitants 9 ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ,p]sia on ! ,tij5d ,riv]4 ,see ,bij>4 ,,s>awan 7,s' r-wn74 ,a di/rict ( ,p]sia j s\? ( ,f]aghan4 ,see ,s>ab&4 ,,s>\k1 see ,s>uk4 ,,s>uk 7,s-rk'71 ,s>\k4 ,a village 9 ! di/rict ( ,f]aghan1 n f> f ,sultanabad4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,savalan 7,s' v-ln74 ,! "n ( a m\nta9 9 ,az]bijan prov9ce4 ,a "n (t5 giv5 9 ! ,am]ican m>ket to products ( ,sultanabad4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,savalan rugs1 see ,sultanabad1 "u ! ,p]sian classification4 ,,s$j$es1 means a small rug4 ,,sehna1 see ,s5na4 ,,selville1 see ,s>ab&4 ,,s5na 7,sn' n71 ,sehna1 ,s9neh1 ,s9n4 ,a city 9 ,we/]n ,p]sia j nor? ( ,hamadan4 ,"h rugs are made :i* are q diff]5t f ^? made any:]e else 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,s]ab1 see ,sirab4 ,,s]api 7,s-rp' 71 ,s]ab1 ,sirab4 ,"n appli$ to "s ( ! ,h]ez rugs4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,s]ab&1 see ,s>ab&4 ,,%ah ,,abbas 7,%a-,abbas74 ,a popul> ,p]sian rul] ( ! #af? c5tury4 ,8 "n has be5 giv5 to a favorite design :i* orig9at$ dur+ 8 reign4 ,,%>okh1 see ,bij>4 ,,%emakha 7,%' m-k71 ,%emka1 ,%emaka1 ,ca%m]e1 ,ka%mir1 ,s\mak4 ,all names giv5 to a class ( pileless rugs :i* are wov5 by ! ,nomadic tribes ( ,%irvan1 ne> ! t[n ( ,%emakha1 a manufactur+ t[n ( ! ,baku di/rict1 ,transcaucasia1 ) a population ( #bj1jjj4 ,see ,caucasian classification4 ,,%]az1 see ,%iraz4 ,,%iraz 7,%-rz'74 ,a manufactur+ & comm]cial t[n 9 ! ,f>s di/rict ) a population ( #cb1jjj4 ,x 0 ! =m] capital ( ,p]sia4 ,%iraz rugs are sometimes errone\sly call$ ,mecca rugs4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,%irvan 7,%r' vn74 ,! "n ( a city & a khanate 9 ,russian ,caucasia1 j we/ ( ! ,caspian ,sea & along ! s\!rn slope ( ! ,caucasian ,m\nta9s4 ,%irvan rugs are wov5 "h4 ,see ,caucasian classification4 ,,s9na1 see ,s5na4 ,,sibab 7,s-rb'71 ,s]ab4 ,a village 9 ! ,h]ez di/rict 9 ,nor!rn ,p]sia4 ,s]api1 a "n appli$ to "s ( ! ,h]ez products1 is a corruption ( ! "n ,sirab4 ,,sivas 7,s-vs'71 ,! "n ( a city & a prov9ce 9 ,nor!rn ,asia ,m9or1 s\? ( ! ,black ,sea2 ! =m] ) a population ( #dc1jjj & ! latt] ) a population ( #a1jhg1jjj & an area ( #bd1bdj squ>e miles4 ,,smyrna 7,smr' n74 ,prov9ce & city ( ,ea/]n ,anatolia4 ,! =m] has an area ( #bj1hdd squ>e miles & a population ( #a1cig1jjj4 ,! city has a population ( #bja1jjj & is an important rug m>ket1 b n a c5tre ( weav+4 ,= description ( s-call$ ,smyrna rugs1 see ,turki% classification4 ,,s\mak1 see ,%emakha4 ,,s\j ,,bulak 7,s\ge ,b' lk74 ,! "n ( an old ,kurdi% capital on ! bord] s\? ( ,tabriz4 ,= a description ( ! s-call$ ,s\j ,bulak rug1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,sultanabad 7,sl-tn' -bd74 ,a city 9 ,p]sia ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty miles ea/ ( ,k]man%ah4 ,x has a population ( #be1jjj & is ! c5tre ( rug weav+ "u ,european control4 ,rugs f ?is di/rict are kn[n z ,sultanabad1 ,savalan1 ,muskabad1 & ,mahal4 ,see ,p]sian classification4 ,,tabriz 7,t-brz'71 ,tabreez1 ,p9nacle ( ,islam4 ,a comm]cial city ( ! prov9ce ( ,az]bijan 9 ! nor?we/ corn] ( ,p]sia4 ,x is an important c5tre ( rug weav+1 & has a population ( #ahj1jjj4 ,= a description ( ! s-call$ ,tabriz rug1 see ,p]sian classification4 ,,talim4 ,a drawn or pa9t$ copy us$ by weav]s indicat+ ! patt]n :i* !y are to weave4 ,,t*e*51 see ,t*et*54 ,,t*]kess1 or ,circassia4 ,a prov9ce 9 ,nor?we/]n ,caucasia on ! ,black ,sea1 once peopl$ by a tribe :i* has become almo/ ext9ct4 ,,t*et*51 ,t*e*51 ,tzitzi1 ,*i*i4 ,a tribe ( w&]+ %eph]ds :o inhabit ! m\nta9s nor? ( ,daghe/an4 ,!y make a good quality ( rugs4 ,see ,caucasian classification4 ,,teh]an 7,t' h-rn71 ,! ,pure4 ,! pres5t capital ( ,p]sia1 ) a population ( #afj1jjj 9 summ] & #bej1jjj 9 w9t]4 ,,tekke ,,bokh>a 7,t' k ,b-kh' r74 ,! "n ( a rug wov5 by ! ,tekke ,turkoman tribes :o inhabit ! c\ntry along ! ,transcaspian ,railroad f ,askabad to ,m]v4 ,see ,turke/an classification4 ,,tiflis4 ,! capital ( ,transcaucasia1 next to ,con/ant9ople1 is ! greate/ rug m>ket 9 ! _w1 especially = ! ,caucasian products4 ,x has a population ( #afa1jjj1 mo/ly ,arm5ians1 ,georgians1 & ,russians4 ,x is said t m ?an sev5ty languages are spok5 "h4 ,,tjo%aghan1 see ,jo%aghan4 ,,toman 7,t' mn74 ,a piece ( ,turki% money equival5t to ab\t #j4ia ( our money4 ,,transcaucasia4 ,t "p ( ,russian ,caucasia s\? ( ! ,caucasian ,m\nta9s4 ,,turke/an is an imm5se t]ritory ly+ ea/ ( ! ,caspian4 ,x is b\nd$ on ! s\? by ,p]sia1 ,afghani/an1 & ,*9a1 on ! ea/ by ,*9a1 & on ! nor? by ,asiatic ,russia4 ,x is divid$ into ,russian ,turke/an on ! nor? ) an area ( #beg1acd squ>e miles & a population ( ne>ly f\r millions2 ,ea/]n or ,*9ese ,turke/an ) an area ( #eej1egi & a population ( #a1bjj1jjj2 & ,turke/an prop] on ! s\?1 :i* also belongs to ,russia4 ,! rug c5tres are ,sam>k& ( ! nor!rn di/rict1 ,ka%g>1 ,y>k&1 & ,khotan ( ! ea/]n di/rict1 & ,bokh>a & ,khiva ( ! s\!rn di/rict4 ,,turkey ,,9 ,,asia4 ,comprises ,anatolia1 ,syria1 ! coa/ ( ,arabia bord]+ on ! ,r$ ,sea1 ,arm5ia1 & ,mesopotamia4 ,a m$ley ( races & religions4 ,,turkoman 7,trk' -mn74 ,rugs f ,turke/an prop] & g5]ally gr\p$ "u ! "n ,turkoman4 ,,turkman1 see ,g5ghis4 ,,tzitzi4 ,a corruption ( ! ^w ,t*et*54 ,,valonia4 ,! husk ( a c]ta9 k9d ( acorn :i* is us$ = dye+4 ,,yamud1 see ,yomud4 ,,y>k& 7,yr' knd74 ,a city ( ,ea/]n ,turke/an4 ,an important trade c5tre ) a population ( #fj1jjj4 ,= description ( ! s-call$ ,y>k& rug1 see ,turke/an classification4 ,,yezd 7,yzd71 ,city ( ,light4 ,capital ( ! prov9ce by ! same "n ) a population ( #ee1jjj4 ,,yomud 7,y'md71 ,yamud1 ,yamund1 ,yamut1 ,yamund4 ,names appli$ to a class ( rugs :i* are wov5 j ea/ ( ! ,caspian ,sea by ! ,yomud ,turkomans4 ,see ,turke/an classification4 ,,y\raghan1 see ,jo%aghan4 ,,y\rdez1 see ,ghiordes4 ,,yuruk 7,y-rk'71 ,y\ruck1 ,y\r\k4 ,! ^w means m\nta9e]4 ,also ! "n giv5 to a class ( rugs wov5 by a c]ta9 m\nta9 %eph]d tribe ( ,anatolia4 ,see ,turki% classification4 ,,zanjan 7,zn-jn'74 ,a t[n 9 ! nor?we/ corn] ( ! prov9ce ( ,irak ,ajemi1 ,p]sia4 ,rugs f ?is vic9ity are call$ ei!r ,zangan or ,k\ltuk4 ,,bibliography ,ar*itectural ,record1 ,m>*1 #aiji1 ,old ,*9ese ,rugs4 ,,b5jam91 ,,samuel ,,gre5 ,,:eel]4 ,p]sia & ! ,p]sians 7a74 ,,b5jam91 ,,samuel ,,gre5 ,,:eel]4 ,ori5tal ,rugs1 ,cosmopolitan1 ,feb41 #ahic4 ,,b]aty1 ,,phillipe4 ,*efs-,d'uvre ( ! ,indu/rial ,arts 7b74 ,,birdwood1 ,,sir ,,george4 ,! ,t]mless ,antiquity ( ,integral ,id5tity ( ! ,ori5tal ,manufacture ( ,sumptu>y ,c>pets 7c74 ,,birdwood1 ,,sir ,,george4 ,! ,antiquity ( ,ori5tal ,c>pets1 ,j\rnal ( ,royal ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 lvi1 ,nov4 #f1 #aijh4 ,,bode1 ,,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,b]l94 ,decorative ,animal ,figures 9 ,old ,ori5tal ,c>pets 7c74 ,,bode1 ,,wm4 ,knpfteppi*e4 ,,b\vre1 ,,paul9e4 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,rug1 ,new ,engl& ,magaz9e1 ,m>41 #aijf4 ,,bull]1 ,w4 ,ori5tal ,c>pets1 ,art ,j\rnal1 #cd1 #ada4 ,,*ur*ill1 ,,sidney ,t4 ,a4 ,! ,c>pet ,indu/ry 9 ,p]sia1 ,a ,monograph 7c74 ,,cl>k1 ,c4 ,,purdon4 ,ori5tal ,c>pets1 ,a ,monograph 7c74 ,,cl>kl91 ,,frankl94 ,! ,que/ ( ! ,magic ,c>pet1 ,ev]ybody's ,magaz9e1 ,feb41 #aijh4 ,,clif=d1 ,c4 ,r4 ,rugs ( ! ,ori5t 7d74 ,,clif=d ,,& ,,lawton4 ,! ,rug ,prim] 7d74 ,,cole1 ,,all5 ,s4 ,! ,egyptian ,tape/ry1 ,j\rnal ( ,royal ,society ( ,arts1 ,sept4 #f1 #ahhi4 ,,crisp1 ,,ada4 ,illusions ,conc]n+ ,ori5tal ,rugs1 ,good ,h\sekeep+1 ,jan41 #aijg4 ,,curtis1 ,,jessie ,k4 ,ori5tal ,rugs1 ,_! ,designs & ,symbolism1 ,! ,craftsman1 ,june1 #aijd4 ,,cutl]1 ,,m>?a4 ,rugs1 ,:at to ,buy & ,h[1 ,h>p]'s ,baza>1 ,oct41 #aijf4 ,,dunn1 ,,eliza4 ,rugs 9 ,_! ,native ,l& 7e74 ,,ellwang]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,! ,craft ( ! ,weav]1 ,! ,book ,buy]1 ,jan41 #aija4 ,,ellwang]1 ,w4 ,d4 ,! ,ori5tal ,rug 7e74 ,,glazi]1 ,r4 ,a ,manual ( ,hi/oric ,ornam5t 7b74 ,godey's ,magaz9e1 #ed1 #bca1 #ahcg1 ,! ,c>pet & ,its ,hi/ory 7g74 ,good ,works1 #de1 #adg1 #aijd1 ,p]sian ,c>pets 7g74 ,,griffitt1 ,j4 ,r4 ,g4 ,turkey ,c>pets & ,_! ,manufacture 7h74 ,,gurdji1 ,v4 ,ori5tal ,rug ,weav+ 7i74 ,h>p]'s ,weekly1 ,m>* #ad1 #aijh4 ,*9ese ,rug ,mak]s 7g74 ,,h]r+ham1 ,,*ri/9a ,j4 ,ori5tal ,rugs1 ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1 vol4 viii1 p4 #ce2 vol4 xiv1 pp4 #bh1 #hd1 #adc1 #adg1 #bah1 & #bib2 vol4 xv1 p4 #ic4 ,,holt1 ,,rosa ,,belle4 ,rugs1 ,ori5tal & ,occid5tal 7j74 ,,h[e1 ,,samuel4 ,rugs1 ,_! ,"* & ,functions1 ,c\ntry ,life 9 ,am]ica1 ,jan41 #aijf4 ,,humphries1 ,,sidney4 ,ori5tal ,c>pets1 ,runn]s & ,rugs2 ,"s ,jacqu>d ,reproductions 7k74 ,,hunt]1 ,,geo4 ,,lel&4 ,animals 9 ,ori5tal ,rugs1 ,h\se ,beautiful1 ,sept41 #aijg4 ,hunt]1 ,geo4 ,lel&4 ,! ,tru? ,ab\t ',doctor$' ,rugs1 ,c\ntry ,life 9 ,am]ica1 ,july1 #aijf4 ,,hunt]1 ,,geo4 ,,lel&4 ,! ,use ( ,ori5tal ,rugs 9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 ,c\ntry ,life 9 ,am]ica1 ,may1 #aijf4 ,,langton1 ,,m>y ,,bea*4 ,h[ to ,"k ,ori5tal ,rugs 7b74 ,,l>k91 ,t4 ,j4 ,a ,collection ( ,antique ,*9ese ,rugs4 ,,m>quis1 ,w4 ,g4 ,ori5tal ,rugs1 ,bru% & ,p5cil1 ,sept41 #aija4 ,,mi*eal1 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,rug ,mak+ 9 ,india1 ,daily ,consul> & ,trade ,reports1 ,july #bc1 #aijh4 ,,muk]ji1 ,n4 ,g4 ,c>pet ,weav+ 9 ,b5gal1 ,a ,monograph4 ,,mum=d1 ,j4 ,k4 ,ori5tal ,rugs1 ,nation1 #aijh4 ,,mum=d1 ,j4 ,k4 ,ori5tal ,rugs 7f74 ,,mum=d1 ,j4 ,k4 ,! ,ori5tal ,rug ,problem1 ,h>p]'s ,baza>1 ,nov4 #ah1 #ahhi4 ,,nahigian ,,bros4 ,ori5tal ,rugs 9 ! ,home1 ,a ,monograph4 ,nation1 ,sept4 #bg1 #aijf4 ,! ,disappe>+ ,ea/]n ,rug 7g74 ,,neugebau] & ,,or5dio4 ,h&bu* d] ,ori5talis*5 ,teppi*kunde 7u74 ,,newton1 ,g4 ,w4 ,m ,an5t ! ,ori5tal ,rug1 ,bru% & ,p5cil1 #af1 #bbg4 ,,presbrey1 ,,frank4 ,to ! ,ori5t 9 ,se>* ( ,rugs 7l74 ,,pu%man1 ,g4 ,t4 ,art ,panels f ! ,h& ,looms ( ! ,ori5t 7m74 ,,reidpa?1 ,,rob]t ,j4 ,some?+ ,ab\t ,ori5tal ,rugs n ,g5]ally ,kn[n1 ,pamphlet4 ,,ri*>ds1 ,,calv94 ,tape/ries = ! ,floor1 ,h\se ,beautiful4 ,,ripley1 ,,m>y ,,*ur*ill4 ,! ,ori5tal ,rug ,book 7n74 ,,ripley1 ,,m>y ,,*ur*ill4 ,antique ,*9ese ,rugs 7o74 ,,rob9son1 ,,v9c5t4 ,ea/]n ,c>pets1 ,a ,monograph 7c74 ,,rob9son1 ,,v9c5t4 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7description71 #bgh ,bokh>a1 ,khiva 7illu/ration71 #bgh ,bokh>a1 ,tekke1 #ea ,bokh>a1 ,tekke 7*>act]i/ics71 #aea ,bokh>a1 ,tekke 7description71 #bha ,bokh>a1 ,tekke 7illu/ration71 #bhb ,bokh>a1 ,yomud1 #ej1 #ea1 #aje1 #cbg ,bokh>a1 ,yomud 7*>act]i/ics71 #aea ,bokh>a1 ,yomud 7description71 #bhe ,bokh>a1 ,yomud 7illu/ration71 #bhf ,boquet 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,bo/on hunt+ rug1 #bf1 #cce ,bo/on hunt+ rug 7illu/ration71 #ccd ,b[ knot 9 design1 #ajd ,brazil wood us$ 9 dye+1 #hb ,br[n 7color71 #gf1 #gg1 #hc ,bru%+ rugs1 #afd ,buck?orn us$ 9 dye+1 #hc ,budape/1 ,antiques 91 #cg ,butt]fly 9 design1 #ajd1 #cjd ,buy]s1 ,advice to1 #dc ,buy+ rugs by ! bale1 #ca1 #cb ,c ,camels' hair1 #gj1 #gg ,campea*y wood us$ 9 dye+1 #hb ,canopy 9 design1 #aje ,c>e ( rugs1 #fc ,c>m9e 7color71 #ha ,ca%m]e goat1 #gj ,ca%m]e rug1 see ,%emaka1 #bfc ,cate*u us$ 9 dye+1 #hc ,caucasia1 #bec1 #cdd ,caucasian design1 #ih ,caucasian bord] design1 #aje ,caucasian classification1 #afe1 #bec ,caucasian rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #bec1 #bed ,*ange 9 design1 #cf ,*>act]i/ics ( diff]5t rugs1 #adg1 #adh1 #adi1 #aej1 #aea ,*>t ( di/+ui%+ features1 #aef ,*eck] bo>d 9 design1 #aje ,*emically treat$ rugs1 #ci ,*i*i rugs 7see ,t*et*571 #bfj ,*i*i bord] design1 #aje ,*ildr5 z weav]s1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg ,*9ese ,cl\d b& design1 see ,cl\d1 #aje ,*9ese colors1 #cjf1 #cjg ,*9ese designs1 #ih1 #cjc1 #cjd1 #cje ,*9ese fret1 #aje1 #cjd ,*9ese mat]ials1 #cje ,*9ese rugs1 #ajf1 #aab1 #cja ,*9ese rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aed ,*9ese rugs1 ,classification (1 #cjb1 #cjc ,*9ese rugs 7description71 #cjc1 #cjd ,*9ese rugs1 ,gr[+ sc>city (1 #cja ,*9ese rugs 7illu/rations71 #cjj1 #cjf1 #cah ,*9ese rugs1 ,increas$ value (1 #cja ,*9ese rugs ( ! #af? & #ag? c5turies1 #cjf ,*9ese rugs1 ,weave (1 #aed ,*9ese weav]s1 #ah1 #cjc ,*9ese weav+1 #aed1 #cje ,circle ( happ9ess 9 design1 #ajf1 #cjd ,circle 9 design1 #ajf ,cl>k collection ( rugs1 #bg1 #ch ,classification ( rugs accord+ to int5d$ use1 #cba ,classification ( rugs1 ,caucasian1 #afe1 #bec ,classification ( rugs1 ,*9ese #cjb ,classification ( rugs1 ,g5]al #afa ,classification ( rugs1 ,geographical1 #afb ,classification ( rugs1 ,p]sian1 #afc1 #afi ,classification ( rugs1 ,turki%1 #afd1 #bag ,classification ( rugs1 ,turkoman1 #afe1 #bgg ,claw & ,ball 9 design1 see ,ball & ,claw1 #ajb ,clean+ ( rugs1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe ,cl\d b& 9 design1--see ,cl\d1 ,*9ese1 #ajf ,coat ( arms1 ,*9ese 7illu/ration71 #cja ,coat ( arms1 ,p]sian1 #ajg ,coat ( arms1 ,p]sian 7illu/ration71 #afi ,coat ( arms1 ,russian1 #ajg ,coat ( arms1 ,russian 7illu/ration71 #bec ,coat ( arms1 ,turki%1 #ajg ,coat ( arms1 ,turki% 7illu/ration71 #bag ,co*9eal us$ 9 dye+1 #ha ,cock 9 design1 see ,roo/]1 #abg ,c(fee gr\nds us$ = ag+ rugs1 #ci ,collection ( ,rugs1 ,am]ican1 #bg1 #cg1 #ch ,colors1 ,fa/1 #dj ,colors1 ,h>mony (1 #dh ,colors ( diff]5t nations1 #gi ,colors employ$ 9 ,*9ese rugs1 #cjf1 #cjg ,comb 9 design1 #ajh ,comm]cial me?ods ( rug mak+1 #gg ,compass 9 design1 #ajh ,compress$ air = clean+ rugs1 #fe ,con* %ell 9 design1 #ajh ,cone 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,contagi\s diseases 9 ! ,ori5t1 #ef1 #eg ,con/ant9ople1 #bag ,conv5i5ce ( ,ori5tal rugs1 #bh ,cornucopia 9 design1 #ajh ,co/ ( ,ori5tal rugs1 #be1 #bf1 #bg1 #agd ,cotton employ$ 9 mak+ rugs1 #ga ,crab 9 design1 #ajh ,crane 9 design1 #ajh ,cresc5t 9 design1 #aji ,crimson 7color71 #hb ,crocodile 9 design1 #aji ,crook$ rugs1 #dd1 #df1 #hg ,cross1 ,greek1 9 design1 #aji ,cr[ 9 design1 #aaj ,cr[n jewel 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,curl+ ( rugs1 #ff ,cu/om h\se /ati/ics1 #bj ,cypress tree1 see ,tree1 #acf1 #acg ,cyrus 7anci5t rul]71 #cdd ,d ,daghe/an 7di/rict71 #cdd ,daghe/an rugs1 #ej1 #ea1 #aab1 #ach ,daghe/an rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej ,daghe/an rugs 7description71 #bed ,daghe/an rugs 7illu/rations71 #hd1 #bed1 #bef1 #bib ,daghe/an rugs1 ,weave (1 #aed ,dates 9 design1 #ajj ,david's %ield 9 design1 see ,/>1 six po9t$1 #acb ,davis collection ( rugs1 #ch ,deal]s & auctions1 #ca ,deal]s1 ,=eign1 #ca1 #dc ,deal]s' pr(its1 #be1 #cb ,deal]s1 ,reliable1 #dc ,decoration ( rooms1 #dh ,de] 9 design1 #aaj ,demirdji 7city71 #cdd ,d51 ,rugs suitable = a1 #ea ,dep>tm5t /ores1 #dc ,d]b5d 7city71 #cdd ,d]b5d rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej ,d]b5d rugs 7description71 #beg ,designs1 ,animals 91 #ii ,designs1 ,caucasian1 #ih ,designs1 ,*ange 91 #cf1 #ig ,designs1 ,*9ese1 #ih1 #cjc1 #cjd1 #cje ,designs1 ,dates 91 #ajj ,designs1 ,european1 #ih ,designs1 ,floral1 #ih ,designs1 ,geometrical1 #ii ,designs1 ,humans 91 #ii ,designs1 ,indian1 #ih ,designs1 ,inscriptions 91 #ajj ,designs1 ,names 91 #ajj ,designs1 ,p]sian1 #ih1 #afi ,designs1 ,symbolism (1 #ii ,designs1 ,transmission (1 #ig ,designs1 ,tribal or family1 #ig ,designs1 ,turki%1 #ih ,designs1 ,turkoman1 #ih ,diamond 9 design1 #aaj ,diap] design1 see ,lattice design1 #aag ,d9+ room1 ,rugs suitable =1 #ea ,disc1 ,w+$1 9 design1 see w+$ globe1 #aci ,dis9fection ( rugs1 #eg1 #eh ,di/+ui%+ features ( rugs 7*>t71 #aef ,doctor$ rugs1 #ci1 #dj ,doctor+ rugs1 ,me?od (1 #ci1 #dj1 #dg ,dome/ic rugs1 #dc ,dog 9 design1 #aaj ,dove 9 design1 #aaa ,d[ry rugs1 #cbd ,dragon 9 design1 #aaa1 #cje ,dragon & ,phnix rug 7illu/ration71 #ccb ,duck 9 design1 #aaa ,durability ( ,ori5tal rugs1 #hg ,du/ 9 rugs1 #df1 #ei ,dut* rooms1 ,rugs suitable =1 #di ,duty on rugs1 #bf ,dye pots 7illu/ration71 #hj ,dye /uff1 #ge ,dye+1 ,me?od (1 #gf ,dye+ ( wool1 #gb ,dye+1 ,secrets (1 #ge ,dyes & ,dy]s1 #gc ,dyes1 ,anil9e1 #dj1 #dd1 #agj ,dyes1 ,fad+ ( anil9e1 #gf1 #hj ,dyes1 ,te/+ (1 #dj1 #dd1 #df1 #dg ,dyes1 vegetable #dj1 #dd1 #ge1 #gf1 #gh ,e ,eagle 9 design1 #aaa ,ea/]n rug m>kets1 #ca ,ea/ ,india rug 7illu/ration71 #ccd ,egg 9 design1 #aaa ,egyptian c>pets1 #ah ,elephant 9 design1 #aaa ,engl&1 ,antiques 91 #cg ,european designs1 #ih ,exhibitions ( ,ori5tal rugs1 #cca1 #ccb ,exorbitant prices = rugs1 #bf1 #bg ,f ,factories1 ,rug1 #ee1 #eg1 #agj1 #bag ,fad+ ( rugs1 #gf ,fam\s rugs1 #cca ,f>si/an 7prov9ce71 #aga ,fa/ colors1 #dj ,favorite colors ( diff]5t nations1 #gi ,fea!r 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,felt rugs1 #cah ,f]aghan 7di/rict71 #cde ,f]aghan design1 see ,h]ati design1 #aad ,f]aghan rugs1 #di1 #ej1 #ea ,f]aghan rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,f]aghan rugs 7description71 #aij ,f]aghan rugs 7illu/ration71 #aad1 #aij ,figures 9 design1 #ajj ,fir cone 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,fi% 9 design1 #aaa ,fi% bone 9 design1 #aab ,flame 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,floor cov]+s1 #cbg ,floral designs1 #ih ,fl[] ( ,h5na 9 design1 see ,guli ,h5na1 #aac ,fl[] & ,knop design1 see ,knop & ,fl[]1 #bae ,fly 9 design1 #aab ,fold+ ( rugs1 #fe ,=eign rug deal]s1 #ca ,f\r fl[] design1 see ,roses1 ,f\r1 #abh ,f\r roses 9 design1 see ,roses1 ,f\r1 #abh ,france1 ,antiques 91 #cg ,fret1 ,*9ese or ,greek1 see ,*9ese fret1 #aje1 #cjd ,frick collection ( rugs1 #bg1 #ch ,g ,gall nuts us$ 9 dye+1 #hc1 #hd ,galley 9 design1 #aab ,ganga 7city71 #cde ,g5ghis 7tribe71 #cde ,g5ghis rugs1 #ej1 #aff ,g5ghis rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej ,g5ghis rugs 7description71 #bfg ,g5ghis rugs 7illu/ration71 #bfh ,geometrical designs1 #ii ,georgian bord] design1 #aab ,g]many1 ,antiques 91 #cg ,ghileems1 #caa ,ghileems 7description71 #caa ,ghileems1 ,anatolian1 #cab ,ghileems1 ,kurdi% 7*>act]i/ics71 #aed ,ghileems1 ,kurdi% 7description71 #cad ,ghileems1 ,kurdi% 7illu/ration71 #cad1 #caf ,ghileems1 ,kurdi%1 ,weave (1 #aed ,ghileems1 ,m]ve 7*>act]i/ic71 #aed ,ghileems1 ,m]ve 7description71 #cae ,ghileems ,m]ve 7illu/ration71 #caf ,ghileems1 ,m]ve1 ,weave (1 #aed ,ghileems1 ,s5na1 #eb ,ghileems1 ,s5na 7description71 #cab ,ghileems1 ,s5na 7illu/ration71 #cab ,ghileems1 ,%irvan 7description71 #cad ,ghiordes bord] /ripe1 #aac ,ghiordes knot1 #afi ,ghiordes rugs1 #ch1 #eb1 #aac1 #aag1 #cbc ,ghiordes rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,ghiordes rugs 7description71 #bch ,ghiordes rugs 7illu/ration71 #ff1 #bch ,gloss>y1 #cda ,glyc]9e us$ 9 rugs1 #ci ,goats' hair1 #gj ,gorevan rugs1 #abj1 #cbg ,gorevan rugs 7description71 #age ,gorevan rugs 7illu/ration71 #agf ,g\rd 9 design1 #aac ,grape juice us$ 9 dye+1 #hd ,grave rugs1 #cbd ,gray 7color71 #hd ,greek cross 9 design1 see ,cross1 ,greek1 #aji ,greek fret1 see ,*9ese fret1 #aje1 #cjd ,greek key1 see ,*9ese fret1 #aje1 #cjd ,greek me&] 9 design1 see ,me&]1 ,greek1 #aai ,gre5 7color71 #gi1 #hj1 #hc1 #bah ,guli ,h5na design1 #aac ,h ,hair us$ 9 rugs1 #cje ,hall1 ,rugs suitable =1 #ej ,hamadan 7city71 #cde ,hamadan rugs1 #ej1 #gj1 #abj1 #cbg ,hamadan rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,hamadan rugs 7description71 #aib ,hamadan rugs 7illu/ration71 #aaj1 #aib ,h& 9 design1 see coat ( arms1 ,turki%1 also ,pe>1 #ajg1 #abc ,hang+ rugs1 #fc1 #fd ,hang+s1 #cbh ,h>djli ,rugs1 #bhc ,h>mony ( colors1 #dh ,havemey] collection ( rugs1 #bg ,he>? rugs1 #cbc ,heliotrope 7color71 #hd ,h5na fl[] 9 design1 see ,guli ,h5na design1 #aac ,h]at 7city71 #cdf ,h]at rugs1 #aad1 #abe ,h]at rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,h]at rugs 7description71 #bjf ,h]ati design1 #aad ,h]ez 7di/rict71 #cdf ,h]ez rugs1 #ea ,h]ez rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adh ,h]ez rugs 7description71 #agc ,h]ez rugs 7illu/ration71 #agb ,hexagon 9 design1 #aae ,hog 9 design1 #aae ,holy c>pet1 ,y]kes1 #bg ,hom 9 design1 see ,an!mion1 #ajb ,home looms1 #ef ,hook1 ,angul>1 see ,angul> hook1 #aja ,hook1 ,lat*1 see ,angul> hook1 #aja ,horse %oe 9 design1 #aae ,h\nd 9 design1 #aae ,h\r glass 9 design1 #aae ,human be+s 9 design1 #ii ,hygi5e ( ,ori5tal rugs1 #bh ,i ,id5tification ( rugs1 #adg ,importation ( ,ori5tal rugs1 #bj1 #bag ,indian designs1 #ih ,indian fi% bone design1 see ,fi% bone1 #aab ,indian hunt+ rug1 #bf1 #cce ,indian rugs1 #afb ,indigo us$ 9 dye+1 #hb1 #hd ,inscriptions 9 design1 #ajj ,inspect+ rugs at ,ispahan 7illu/ration71 #agj ,introduction1 #ag ,irak ,ajemi 7prov9ce71 #aga ,iron fil+s us$ 9 dye+1 #hc ,ispahan 7city71 #cdf ,ispahan rugs1 #ej1 #ea1 #ccb1 #ccc ,ispahan rugs 7description71 #aid ,ispahan rugs 7illu/ration71 #aid ,ivy b]ries us$ 9 dye+1 #hb ,j ,jewel 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,jones1 ,mr4 ,quill1 #cf ,jo%aghan 7di/rict71 #cdf ,jug 9 design1 #aae ,k ,kabi/an rugs1 #ej1 #ea1 #abh1 #ace ,kabi/an rugs 7description71 #beh ,kabi/an rugs 7illu/ration71 #beh ,k>abagh 7prov9ce71 #cdg ,k>abagh rugs1 #ej1 #abf ,k>abagh rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #abf ,k>abagh rugs 7description71 #bfi ,k>abagh rugs 7illu/ration71 #bgj ,k>a ,dagh 7m\nta9s71 #cdg ,k>a ,dagh rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adh ,k>a ,dagh rugs 7description71 #agh ,k>aman 7t[n71 #cdg ,k>aman rugs 7description71 #bbc ,ka%an city1 #cdg ,ka%an rugs 7description71 #ahj ,ka%an rugs 7illu/ration71 #ahj ,ka%g> rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aeb ,ka%g> rugs 7description71 #bhg ,kazak rugs1 #ej1 #ea1 #ajh1 #abb1 #abf1 #ace1 #ach1 #aed1 #cbg ,kazak rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej1 #aed ,kazak rugs 7description71 #bgb ,kazak rugs 7illu/ration71 #id1 #add1 #bgb ,kazak rugs1 ,weave (1 #aed ,k]man%ah 7city71 #cdg ,k]man%ah rugs #ej1 #cbg ,k]man%ah rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adh ,k]man%ah rugs 7description71 #ahf ,k]man%ah rugs 7illu/ration71 #aah ,k]mes us$ 9 dye+1 #ha ,key1 ,greek1 see ,*9ese fret1 #aje1 #cjd ,khilims1 see ,ghileems1 #caa ,khiva 7pr9cipality71 #cdh ,kiva ,bokh>a rugs1 #ej1 #ea1 #cbg ,khiva ,bokh>a rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aea ,khiva ,bokh>a rugs 7description71 #bgh ,khiva ,bokh>a rugs 7illu/ration71 #abj1 #bgh ,khorasan 7prov9ce71 #agb1 #cdh ,khorasan rugs1 #ej1 #gh1 #aad1 #abj1 #abe1 #aec1 #cbg ,khorasan rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,khorasan rugs 7description71 #bjg ,khorasan rugs 7illu/ration71 #cb ,khorasan rugs1 ,weave (1 #aec ,kilims1 see ,ghileems1 #caa ,kirman 7city & prov9ce71 #agb1 #cdh ,kirman rugs1 #di1 #ajd1 #abj1 #cbg ,kirman rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,kirman rugs 7description71 #baa ,kirman rugs 7illu/rations71 #baj1 #bab ,kir ,%ehr 7t[n71 #cdh ,kir ,%ehr rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,kir ,%ehr rugs 7description71 #bbj ,kir ,%ehr rugs 7illu/ration71 #acj1 #bbj1 #bbb ,kis ,ghileem1 #cac1 #cbd ,knop & fl[] design1 #aae ,knot 9 design1 #ajd1 #aaf ,knot ( de/9y design1 #aaf ,knot1 ,p]sian or ,s5na1 #ia1 #ic1 #afi ,knot1 ,turki% or ,ghiordes1 #ia1 #ic1 #afi ,knots us$ 9 weav+ 7illu/ration71 #ij ,konieh 7city71 #cdh ,konieh field design1 see ,rhodian1 #abf ,konieh rugs1 #aag1 #abg ,konieh rugs 7description71 #bbe ,konieh rugs 7illu/ration71 #ach1 #bbd ,koran1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aaf ,kulah bord] design1 #aej ,kulah 7city71 #cdi ,kulah rugs1 #ch1 #eb1 #cbc ,kulah rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej ,kulah rugs 7description71 #bci ,kulah rugs 7illu/rat$71 #baf1 #bdj ,kurdi% ghileems1 #cad ,kurdi% ghileems 7illu/ration71 #cad1 #caf ,kurdi% ghileems1 ,weave (1 #aed ,kurdi% gu>d 7illu/ration71 #abd ,kurdi% weav]s1 #bai ,kurdi/an 7c\ntry71 #cdi ,kurdi/an rugs1 #ea1 #cbg ,kurdi/an rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,kurdi/an rugs 7description71 #bab ,kurdi/an rugs 7illu/ration71 #bad ,kurds1 #gh ,kurk1 #gj ,l ,ladik rugs1 #ej1 #eb1 #aag1 #abg ,ladik rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej ,ladik rugs 7description71 #bbh ,ladik rugs 7illu/ration71 #gd1 #bbh ,laodicea 7village71 #cdi ,l>ge patt]ns 9 rugs1 #di ,l>i/an 7prov9ce71 #cdi ,lat* hook 9 design1 see angul> hook1 #aja ,lattice design1 #aag ,lav5d] 7color71 #hd ,law aga9/ use ( anil9e dyes1 #gg ,leaf 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,leop>d 9 design1 #aag ,lemon juice us$ on rugs1 #ci ,libr>y1 ,rugs suitable =1 #ea ,lily 9 design1 see ,rhodian1 #abf ,lime us$ on rugs1 #gf ,l9k 9 design1 #aah ,lion 9 design1 #aah ,liv+ room1 ,rugs suitable =1 #ej ,l(tus collection ( rugs1 #ch ,logwood us$ 9 dye+1 #hd ,london1 ,antiques 91 #cg ,long rugs1 #di ,loom1 ,ea/]n1 #hi ,loom1 ,p]sian 7illu/ration71 #ib ,looms 9 homes1 #ef ,loom1 ,turki% 7illu/ration71 #hh ,loop 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,lotus 9 design1 #aah ,m ,madd] us$ 9 dye+1 #ha1 #hc1 #hd ,mad5 rug 7description71 #bbg ,mad5 rug 7illu/ration71 #bbf ,magpie 9 design1 #aai ,mahal rugs1 #ej ,mahal rugs 7description71 #bja ,mahal rugs 7illu/ration71 #bjb ,mahogany furniture1 ,rugs suitable )1 #eb ,makri rugs 7description71 #bde ,makri rugs 7illu/ration71 #bdf ,maks\d1 #cg ,m>qu& sale ( antique rugs1 #bf ,mat]ial ( rugs1 #de1 #fi ,mat]ial ( ,*9ese rugs1 #cje ,mat]ials1 ,te/+1 #de ,me&]1 ,greek1 9 design1 #aai ,mecca rugs1 #cbe ,m$allion 9 design1 #abj ,meles rugs1 #ej1 #eb ,meles rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej ,meles rugs 7description71 #bdb ,meles rugs 7illu/rations71 #bdb1 #bdd ,m]*ant1 ,p]sian rug 7illu/ration71 #ch ,m]ve ghileem 7*>act]i/ic71 #aed ,m]ve ghileem 7description71 #cae ,m]ve ghileem 7illu/ration71 #caf ,m]ve ghileem1 weave (1 #aed ,me%$ 7city71 #cej ,me%$ rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,me%$ rugs 7description71 #bji ,me%$ rugs 7illu/ration71 #bb ,metropolitan animal rug 7illu/ration71 #bf ,metropolitan exhibition ( antiques1 #cg1 #cca ,mihrab1 #aba ,milassa 7t[n71 #cej ,m9a ,khani design1 #abj ,m9a ,khani design 7illu/rat$71 #bad ,mir design1 #abj ,mirror design1 see ,lattice design1 #aag ,mission rooms1 ,rugs suitable =1 #di1 #ea ,mohair1 #gj ,mohamm$an cal5d>1 #ajj1 #aja ,monkey 9 design1 #aba ,mordants us$ 9 dye+1 #gf ,morgan collection ( rugs1 #bg1 #ch ,mosque design1 #aba1 #cag ,mosque rugs1 #cbe ,mosul 7city71 #cej ,mosul rugs1 #ch1 #ej1 #ea1 #eb1 #gj ,mosul rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej ,mosul rugs 7description71 #bdg ,mosul rugs 7illu/rat$71 #bdh ,m\nta9s 9 design1 #aba ,mulb]ry fungus us$ 9 dye+1 #hc ,mujur rugs 7description71 #bbg ,n ,names ( weav]s 9 design1 #ajj ,names ( rugs1 h[ d]iv$1 #afa1 #afb ,nap1 ,direction ( !1 #ic ,network 9 design1 see ,lattice design1 #aag ,ni*e1 ,pray]1 #aba ,ni*e1 ,pray] 7illu/rat$71 #cbb ,niris rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,niris rugs 7description71 #bjb ,niris rugs 7illu/ration71 #bjd ,nomad rugs1 #eb ,nomads1 #gh ,nom5clature ( rugs1 #afb ,num]als 9 design1 #ajj ,o ,octagon 9 design1 #abb ,odor 9 rugs1 #ga ,onion sk9s us$ 9 dye+1 #hb ,orange 7color71 #hj1 #hc ,ori5tal rugs1 ,*>act]i/ics (1 #dc ,ori5tal %rewdness1 #ca ,ori5tal v]sus dome/ic rugs1 #bg ,ou%ak 7city71 #cej ,ou%ak rugs 7description71 #bbb ,owl 9 design1 #abb ,ox 9 design1 #abb ,oxalic acid us$ = doctor+ rugs1 #ci ,p ,pa9t us$ on rugs1 #ci ,palace design1 #abb ,palace design 7illu/rat$71 #bgb ,palm 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,palmette design1 #abb ,palm tree1 see ,tree1 #acf1 #acg ,panel 9 design1 #abc1 #cbc ,p>aff9 us$ on rugs1 #ci ,p>is1 ,antiques 91 #cg ,p>rot 9 design1 #abc ,pay ( weav]s1 #ee1 #agj ,payne collection ( rugs1 #bg ,peacock 9 design1 #abc ,pe> 9 design1 #aae1 #abc1 #abd1 #abe ,pe>l 9 design1 #abe ,pease collection ( rugs1 #ch ,pek9 rugs1 #cjc ,p5dants1 ,hang+1 #cbc ,peony 9 design1 #abe ,p]gamon 7c\ntry71 #cea ,p]sia1 #cea ,p]sian b]ries us$ 9 dye+1 #hc ,p]sian coat ( arms1 see ,coat ( arms1 ,p]sian1 #ajg ,p]sian classification1 #afb ,p]sian designs1 #ih1 #afi ,p]sian dye pots 7illu/ration71 #hj ,p]sian knot1 #afi ,p]sian rug prov9ces1 #aga ,p]sian village 7illu/ration71 #hj ,p]sian weav]s1 #afi1 #agj ,phnix 9 design1 #abe ,pia/] 7co971 #cea ,pile ( a rug1 #dd1 #ia1 #ib ,pill[ cases1 #cbe ,p9eapple 9 design1 #abe ,p9e tree 9 design1 #abe ,p9k 7color71 #hb ,poems 9 design1 #ajj ,polanaise rugs1 #ccb ,pole m$allion 9 design1 see ,m$allion1 #abj ,poli% rugs1 #ccb ,pomegranate 9 design1 #abe ,p[d] bag 7illu/ration71 #cbd ,pray]s ( ,mohamm$ans1 #ajj ,pray] ni*es 7illu/ration71 #cbb ,pray] rugs1 #cba ,pray] rugs1 ,classification ( #aeb ,pr(its on rugs1 #be ,purple 7color71 #hd ,r ,ram 9 design1 #abf ,reception hall1 ,rugs suitable =1 #ej ,reception room1 ,rugs suitable =1 #ej ,reciprocal saw tee? 9 design1 #abf ,reciprocal trefoil 9 design1 #abf ,r$ 7color71 #gf1 #hj1 #ha1 #hb ,reliable rug deal]s1 #dc ,rhodian design1 #abf ,rhomboid 9 design1 #abg ,ribbon 9 design1 #abg ,rice 9 design1 #abg ,riv] loop 9 design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,room decorations1 #dh ,rooms1 ,rugs suitable = c]ta91 #dh ,roo/] 9 design1 #abg ,ros>y1 ,mohamm$an1 see ,beads1 #ajc ,rose 7color71 #ha ,roses ,f\r1 9 design1 #abh ,rosette 9 design1 #abh ,ro?s*ild collection ( rugs1 #cg ,rug exhibitions1 #cca ,rug factories 9 ! ,ori5t1 #ee1 #eg1 #agj1 #bag ,rug nom5clature1 #afb ,runn]s1 #cbh ,russia1 ,antiques 91 #cg ,russia1 coat ( arms1 see ,coat ( arms1 ,russian1 #ajg ,s ,saddlebags1 #eb1 #cbf ,saddle bag 7illu/rat$71 #cbd1 #cbf ,saddleclo?1 #cbg ,saddle clo? 7illu/rat$71 #cbd ,salmon 7color71 #hd ,sam>k& 7prov9ce & city71 #cea ,sam>k& rugs1 #ajf1 #aaf1 #acd ,sam>k& rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aea ,sam>k& rugs 7description71 #bhi ,sam>k& rugs 7illu/ration71 #bij ,sam>k&1 ,/reet 9 7illu/ration71 #bhh ,sample corn]s1 #cbf ,sample corn] 7illu/ration71 #cbh ,s>ab& bord] design1 see ,mir design1 #abj ,s>ab& dance1 #afd ,s>ab& rugs1 #ej1 #ea1 #abe1 #aed1 #cbg ,s>ab& rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,s>ab& rugs 7description71 #aig ,s>ab& rugs 7illu/ration71 #aih ,s>ab&1 ,weave (1 #aed ,s>ak rug1 see ,bij>1 #ahe ,s>akhs 7t[n71 #cea ,s>awan 7di/rict71 #cea ,s>d> design1 #abi ,s>uk 7village71 #ceb ,s>uk rug1 #di1 #ej1 #aab1 #aeb1 #aec ,s>uk rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,s>uk rugs 7description71 #bjj ,s>uk rugs 7illu/ration71 #dj1 #aff ,s>uk rugs1 weave (1 #aec ,saw-tee?1 ,reciprocal1 9 design1 see ,reciprocal1 #abf ,sc>abu 9 design1 see ,beetle #ajc ,sc>let 7color71 #ha1 #hb ,sceptre 9 design1 #abi ,scorpion 9 design1 #abi ,scroll 9 design1 #acj ,seals on rugs1 #dg ,secrets ( dye+1 #ge ,selection ( rugs = rooms1 #dh ,selvage ( rugs1 #de ,semi-,p]sian rug 7illu/rat$71 #ajj ,s5na 7city71 #ceb ,s5na ghileems1 #cab ,s5na ghileems 7*>act]i/ics71 #cab ,s5na ghileems 7description71 #cab ,s5na ghileems 7illu/ration71 #cab ,s5na knot1 #afi ,s5na rugs1 #di1 #ej1 #aad1 #abe1 #aec1 #cbg ,s5na rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adh1 #aea1 #aeb ,s5na rugs 7description71 #ahh ,s5na rugs 7illu/ration71 #ahh ,s5na1 ,weave (1 #aec ,s]api rugs 7description71 #agh ,s]api rugs 7illu/ration71 #agh ,s]p5t 9 design1 #acj ,%ah ,abbas 7rul]71 #ceb ,%ah ,abbas design1 #cg1 #acj ,%awl design1 see ,pe>1 #abc ,%e51 #ci1 #fc1 #ib ,%eep's blood us$ 9 dye+1 #hb ,%emakha 7t[n71 #ceb ,%emakha rugs1 #aab1 #aee1 #cbg ,%emakha rugs 7*>act]i/ic71 #aee ,%emakha rugs 7description71 #bfc ,%emakha rugs 7illu/rations71 #bfd ,%emakha rugs1 ,weave (1 #aee ,%iraz 7t[n71 #ceb ,%iraz rugs1 #ej1 #ea1 #eb1 #ajd1 #abj1 #abe1 #abg1 #cbe1 #cbf ,%iraz rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,%iraz rugs 7description71 #bjd ,%iraz rugs 7illu/rations71 #eb1 #ajd1 #bjf1 #bjh ,%irvan 7city71 #cec ,%irvan design1 #acj ,%irvan rugs1 #ej1 #aah1 #abb1 #abh1 #aca1 #ace1 #aci ,%irvan rugs 7description71 #bfe ,%irvan rugs 7illu/ration71 #aeh ,%irvan ghileems 7description71 #cad ,%irvan ghileems 7illu/rat$71 #bej ,%ort rugs1 #di ,%ortell collection1 #ch ,%\ design1 #aca1 #cjd1 #cje ,signet ( ,david 9 ,design1 #aca ,silibik design1 #aca ,silk1 #ga ,silk rugs1 #caf ,s9clair collection1 #ch ,sirab 7village71 #cec ,sixte5 lucky squ>es 9 design1 see ,knot ( de/9y1 #aaf ,smyrna 7prov9ce & city71 #cec ,smyrna rugs1 #cbg ,smyrna rugs 7description71 #bdf ,snake 9 design1 see s]p5t1 #acj ,sn[ = clean+ rugs1 #fd ,solomon's seal 9 ,design1 #aca ,s\j ,bulak 7city71 #cec ,s\j ,bulak rugs 7description71 #aha ,sp>r[ 9 design1 #aca ,spid] 9 design1 see ,scorpion1 #abi ,sp9n+ ! wool 7illu/ration71 #gb ,squ>e 9 design1 #acb ,squirrel 9 design1 #acb ,/a9s on rugs1 #ff ,/> 9 design1 #acb1 #acc ,/or+ rugs1 #fe ,/ork 9 design1 #acc ,sultanabad 7city71 #cec ,sultanabad rugs1 #cbg ,sultanabad rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adi ,sultanabad rugs 7description71 #bja ,sumac us$ = dye+1 #gf ,sumak rugs see ,%emakha1 #bfc ,sunbur/ design1 see ,palace design1 #abb1 #acc ,swan 9 design1 #acc ,swa/ika 9 design1 #acc1 #acd1 #cjd ,symbolism ( designs1 #ii1 #cjc ,symbolic ,p]sian silk rug 7illu/ration71 #dh1 #ih ,symmetry ( ,ori5tal rugs1 #ii ,t ,t1 =ms 9 design1 #acd ,tabriz 7city71 #cec ,tabriz rugs1 #ej1 #cbg ,tabriz rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #adh ,tabriz rugs 7description71 #ahb ,tabriz rugs 7illu/ration71 #ahb ,tae-kieh design1 #ace ,tags & seals on rugs1 ,purpose (1 #dg ,talim1 #ced ,t>antula 9 design1 #ace ,t>iff on rugs1 #bj1 #be1 #bf ,t*]kess 7prov9ce71 #ced ,t*et*5 7tribe71 #ced ,t*et*5 rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej ,t*et*5 rugs 7description71 #bfj ,t*et*5 rugs 7illu/ration71 #bfj ,teh]an 7city71 #ced ,tekke bord] design1 #ace ,tekke field design1 #ace ,tekke ,bokh>a rugs1 #ea1 #ace ,tekke ,bokh>a rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aea ,tekke ,bokh>a rugs 7description71 #bha ,tekke ,bokh>a rugs 7illu/rations71 frontispiece1 #aej1 #afb1 #bhb1 #bhd ,te/+ ( dyes1 #gi ,te/+ ( mat]ials1 #de ,?ibet rugs1 #cjc ,ti5ts9 rugs1 #cjc ,tiflis 7city71 #ced ,toman 7co971 #ced ,tomoye design1 #acf ,tortoise 9 design1 #acf ,transcaucasia1 #bec ,transportation *>ges on rugs1 #be ,tree 9 design1 #ace1 #acg ,trefoil 9 design1 see ,reciprocal trefoil1 #abf ,trellis 9 design 7see ,lattice71 #aag ,triangle 9 design1 #acg ,tribal or ,family designs1 #ig ,tub]culosis 9 ! ,ori5t1 #ee1 #eg ,turkey 9 ,asia1 #cee ,turki% classification1 #afd ,turki% coat ( arms1 #ajg ,turki% designs1 #ih ,turki% exportation ( rugs1 #bag ,turki% or ,ghiordes knot1 #afi ,turki% weav]s1 #bag ,turke/an1 #bgg1 #ced ,turkoman classification1 #afe ,turkoman designs1 #ih ,turkoman rugs1 #bgg ,turkoman rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #bgg ,turn] collection ( rugs1 #ch ,turtle bord] design1 #acf ,turtle 9 design1 see tortoise1 #acf ,tw9 fi% design1 see ,h]ati1 #aad ,u ,umbrella 9 design1 #ach ,urn 9 design1 see ,vase1 #ach ,v ,valonia us$ 9 dye+1 #gf1 #hc1 #hd ,value ( rugs1 #be1 #cb ,vegetable dyes1 #dj1 #dd1 #ge1 #gf1 #gh ,v]milion 7color71 #hb ,ve/ibule1 ,rugs suitable =1 #di ,violet 7color71 #hd ,vulture 9 design1 #ach ,w ,walnut husks us$ 9 dye+1 #hc ,w>p1 #de1 #ib ,wa%$ rugs1 #dj1 #fd1 #ic ,wa%+1 ,legitimate1 #dj ,wa%+ ( rugs1 #fd1 #fe ,we>+ qualities ( rugs1 #fc ,weav]s1 #ee1 #hg1 #hi1 #ia1 #agj1 #bag1 #bah ,weav]s1 ,*9ese1 #ah1 #cjc ,weav]s1 ,diseases among1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg ,weav]s1 ,exp]t 7illu/ration71 #ch ,weav]s1 ,kurdi%1 #bai ,weav]s1 ,pay (1 #ee1 #hh1 #hi1 #ij1 #agj ,weav]s1 ,p]sian1 #ah1 #ia1 #afi ,weav]s1 ,turki%1 #bag ,weav]s1 ,turkoman1 #ia ,weav]s1 ,y\?ful1 #ee1 #eg ,weav]s1 ,y\?ful 7illu/ration71 #ij ,weav+1 ,age (1 #ag ,weav+1 ,biblical ref]5ce to1 #ag ,weav+1 ,*9ese1 #cje ,weav+1 ,me?ods (1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia ,w$d+ rugs1 #cbd ,weight ( rugs1 #dd ,wid5] collection ( rugs1 #ch ,williams collection ( rugs1 #ch ,will[ tree 9 design1 see ,tree1 #acf ,w9e glass bord] design1 #ach ,w+$ globe 9 design1 #aci ,wolf 9 design1 #aci ,wo(1 #ib ,wool1 #fi ,wool1 ,prep>ation (1 #ga ,y ,y =m 9 design1 #aci ,yak rugs1 #cje ,yang & ,y9 design 7see ,tae-kieh71 #ace ,y>k& 7city71 #cee ,y>k& rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aea ,y>k& rugs 7description71 #bhh ,yell[ 7color71 #gf1 #hj1 #hc ,y]kes collection ( rugs1 #cg ,yezd 7city71 #cee ,yomud 7tribe71 #cee ,yomud ,bokh>a rugs1 #ej1 #ea1 #aje1 #cbg ,yomud ,bokh>a rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aea ,yomud ,bokh>a rugs 7description71 #bhe ,yomud ,bokh>a rugs 7illu/ration71 #bhf ,yuruk1 #cee ,yuruk rugs1 #ej ,yuruk rugs 7*>act]i/ics71 #aej ,yuruk rugs 7description71 #bca ,yuruk rugs 7illu/ration71 #bcj ,z ,zanjan 7t[n71 #cee ,zigzag design1 see ,me&]1 ,greek1 #aai ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,rug ,,c>avan ,,footnotes3 ,a ,! retail prices giv5 9 ?is book ) ! description ( ea* rug ref] only to ! diff]5t grades ( su* pieces :i* are ord9>ily f\nd 9 ! m>ket & 9 no way allude to antiques1 ^u :i* x w\ld be impossible to set a fix$ value4 ,b ,9 #ahib ,robson ,sons1 ( ,london1 publi%$ a monograph on ! ,ardebil mosque c>pet by ,edw>d ,/ebb+1 :o describes x ably4 ,c ,9 ! ,turki% & ,p]sian languages ! v[els are frequ5tly sil5t & ! *>act]s d n /& = s+le consonants1 b repres5t comb9ations ( s\nds z 9 %ort-h&1 s t ! same ^w is spell$ 9 a great v>iety ( ways :5 x is translat$ into ,engli%2 !re=e1 ! result is r mislead+1 & ea* p]son mu/1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 int]pret ! phonetic spell+ to suit himself4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,comb9$ left sides 7pg4 #bbc;a & #bbc;c7 & "r sides 7pg4 #bbc;b & #bbc;d7 = bett] readability4 ,tri$ to r$uce wid? 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