,,! ,,home ,,acre ,e4 ,p4 ,,roe ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,tree-,,plant+ ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fruit-,,trees ,,& ,,grass ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,v9ey>d ,,& ,,or*>d ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,raspb]ry ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,currant ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,/rawb]ries ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,kit*5-,,g>d5 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,kit*5-,,g>d5 7,conclud$7 ,,*apt] ,i ,,tree-,,plant+ ,l& hung] is s g5]al t x may be reg>d$ z a natural crav+4 ,artificial modes ( life1 x is true1 c de/roy x1 b x is apt to reass]t itself 9 lat] g5]ations4 ,to t5s ( ?\s&s ( bread-w9n]s 9 cities a c\ntry home is ! dream ( ! future1 ! cr[n & rew>d ( _! life-toil4 ,increas+ numb]s are tak+ :at w\ld seem to be ! wis] c\rse1 & are comb9+ rural pleasures & advantages ) _! bus9ess4 ,z ! que/ions ( rapid transit are solv$1 ! welf>e ( *ildr5 w turn ! scale m & m (t5 aga9/ ! conv5tional city h\se or flat4 ,a home ,,c be creat$ 9 r5t$ dwell+s & ap>tm5ts2 b a home = :i* we h ! de$1 a cottage surr\nd$ by trees1 fl[]s1 lawn1 & g>d51 is ! refuge :i* be/ satisfies ! he>t4 ,by means ( su* a suburban nook we c keep up our relations ) ,nature & all h] v>i$ & heal?-giv+ life4 ,! tir$ man return+ f bus9ess f9ds t 8 excit$ bra9 w n cease to act4 ,he c enjoy re/or+ re/ 9 ! complete div]sion ( 8 ?\ghts2 he c ?9k ( ?is tree or t plant1 & h[ he c fill to advantage unoccupi$ spaces ) o!r trees1 fl[]s1 & vegetables4 ,if !re is a ,j]sey c[ to welcome him ) h] placid tru/1 a good road/] to :9ny = an air+1 & a flock ( *ick5s to clamor ab\t 8 feet = _! supp]1 8 jangl+ n]ves w be quiet$1 9 spite ( all ! bulls & be>s ( ,wall ,/reet4 ,be/ ( all1 he w see t 8 *ildr5 h air & space 9 :i* to gr[ naturally1 heal?fully4 ,8 fruit-trees w te/ify to 8 wisdom 9 provid+ a c\ntry home4 ,= in/ance1 he w obs]ve t if s\nd plums are left 9 contact ) /ung & decay+ specim5s1 !y too w be infect$2 he w see t too close cr[d+ r5d]s ! prospect = good fruit d\btful2 &1 by natural transition ( ?\ght1 w be glad t 8 boys & girls are n %ut 9 to ! =tuit\s associations ( hall-way & /reet4 ,! area ( l& pur*as$ w dep5d l>gely on ! desires & purse ( ! buy]2 b ab\t "o acre appe>s to satisfy ! majority ( p4 ,?is am\nt is n s great t ! bus9ess man is burd5$ ) c>e1 nor is its limit s small t he is cramp$ & ?w>t$ by l9e f5ces4 ,if he c give to 8 bit ( ,ed5 b little ?\ght & money1 he w f9d t an acre c be s laid out z to entail comp>atively small exp5se 9 ei!r ! "o or ! o!r2 if he has ! "t & ta/e to make ! l& 8 play-gr\nd z well z t ( 8 *ildr51 scope is af=d$ = an almo/ inf9ite v>iety ( pleas+ labors & int]e/+ exp]im5ts4 ,:5 we come to co-"w ) ,nature1 all we d has "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( an exp]im5t4 ,! labor ( ! ye> is a game ( skill1 into :i* also ent] ! fasc9at+ elem5ts ( app>5t *ance4 ,:at a tree1 a fl[]1 or vegetable b$ w give1 dep5ds *iefly ^u u2 yet all ! vicissitudes ( dew1 ra91 fro/1 & sun1 h _! "p 9 ! result4 ,we play ! game ) ,nature1 & %e w usually let u w9 if we are n c>eless1 ignorant1 or /upid4 ,%e keeps up our ze/ by nev] p]mitt+ ! game to be play$ twice "u ! same conditions4 ,we c no m c>ry on our g>d5 ?is season precisely z we did la/ ye> ?an a capta9 c sail 8 %ip exactly z he did on ! prec$+ voyage4 ,a c\ntry home makes ev5 ! wea!r int]e/+2 & ! rise & fall ( ! m]cury is wat*$ ) sc>cely less solicitude ?an ! mutations ( ! m>ket4 ,9 ?is *apt] & 9 ^? :i* may ensue ,i m]ely hope to make "s useful sugge/ions & give practical advice--! result ( exp]i5ce1 my own & o!rs'--:i* ! read] may c>ry out & modify accord+ to 8 judgm5t4 ,we w suppose t an acre has be5 b\ght2 t x is comp>atively level1 ) no?+ ( especial value ^u x--9 brief1 t ! home & its surr\nd+s are /ill to be creat$4 ,x is n )9 my design to treat ( ! dwell+1 its ar*itecture1 etc41 b we %all h some?+ to say fur!r on 9 reg>d to its location4 ,be=e pur*as+1 ! mo/ c>eful inve/igations %\ld be made z to ! heal?fulness ( ! region & ! opportunities = ?or\gh dra9age4 ,hav+ b\ght ! acre1 ! "q ( remov+ all undue accumulations ( wat] on or b5ea? ! surface %\ld be att5d$ to at fir/4 ,! dry appe>ance ( ! soil dur+ mu* ( ! ye> may be mislead+4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t !re are equ9octial /orms & melt+ sn[s4 ,sup]abundant moi/ure at e p]iod %\ld h *annels ( imm$iate escape1 = moi/ure 9 excess is an injury to plant z well z to family life2 :ile ?or\ghly & quickly dra9$ l& endures dr\ght f> bett] ?an t :i* is r5d]$ heavy & s\r by wat] /agnat+ b5ea? ! surface4 ,tile-dra9s are usually ! *eape/ & mo/ effective2 b if !re are /ones & rocks ^u ! place1 !y c be utiliz$ & dispos$ ( at ! same "t by _! burial 9 dit*es--& !y %\ld be cov]$ s deeply t a pl[1 al?\gh sunk to ! beam1 c pass ov] !m4 ,tiles or ! top ( a /one dra9 %\ld be at lea/ two feet bel[ ! surface4 ,if ! gr\nd ( ! acre is und]laid ) a por\s subsoil1 !re is usually an adequate natural dra9age4 ,mak+ ha/e sl[ly is (t5 ! quicke/ way to desir$ results4 ,x is ! usual me?od to erect ! dwell+ fir/1 & aft]w>d to subdue & enri* ! gr\nd gradually4 ,?is 9 _m in/ances may prove ! be/ c\rse2 b :5 x is practicable1 ,i %\ld advise t build+ be def]r$ until ! l& 7) ! exception ( ! spaces to be occupi$ ) ! h\se & b>n7 c be cov]$ ) a heavy dress+ ( b>ny>d manure1 & t ?is be pl[$ "u 9 ! autumn4 ,su* g5]al enri*+ ( ! soil may seem a wa/e 9 view ( ! c>riage-drive & walks yet to be laid out2 b ?is w n prove true4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t :ile c]ta9 p>ts ( ! place are to be kept b>e ( surface-vegetation1 !y nev]!less w =m a portion ( ! root-pa/urage ( ! %ade & fruit trees4 ,! l&1 also1 c be m ev5ly & deeply pl[$ be=e ob/ructions are plac$ ^u x1 & roots1 pe/if]\s we$s1 & /ones remov$ ) greate/ economy4 ,moreov]1 ! good initial enri*+ is capital1 ho>d$ 9 ! soil1 to />t )4 ,on _m new places ,i h se5 trees & plants beg9n+ a feeble & unc]ta9 life1 b>ely exi/+ r ?an gr[+1 because _! roots f\nd ! soil l a table ) di%es b )\t food4 ,if ! f]tiliz] is pl[$ "u 9 ! autumn1 aga9 mix$ ) ! soil by a second pl[+ 9 ! spr+1 x w be decompos$ & ready = imm$iate use by e rootlet 9 contact ) x4 ,n[1 z f>m]s say1 ! l& is 9 good he>t1 & x w *e] its own]'s he>t to see ! gr[? promptly made by :atev] is prop]ly plant$4 ,in/ead ( los+ "t1 he has ga9$ ye>s4 ,suppose ! acre to h be5 b\ght 9 ,septemb]1 & treat$ z ,i h indicat$1 x is ready = a g5]\s reception ( plants & trees ! foll[+ spr+4 ,possibly at ! "t ( pur*ase ! acre may be cov]$ ) co>se grass1 we$s1 or und]gr[? ( "s k9d4 ,9 ?is case1 aft] ! initial pl[+1 ! cultivation = a season ( "s su* crop z corn or potatoes may be ( great advantage 9 cle>+ ! l&1 & ! proce$s ( ! crop w\ld p>tially meet exp5ses4 ,if ! aim is m]ely to subdue & clean ! l& z quickly z possible1 no?+ is bett] ?an buck:eat1 s[n ?ickly & pl[$ "u j z x comes into blossom4 ,x is ! nature ( ?is ramp>t-gr[+ gra9 to kill out ev]y?+ else & leave ! soil light & mell[4 ,if ! gr\nd is encumb]$ ) _m /ones & rocks1 ! "q ( cle>+ x is m complicat$4 ,!y c be us$1 & (t5 sold to advantage1 = build+ purposes4 ,9 "s in/ances ,i h se5 labor+-m5 cle> ! mo/ unpromis+ plots ( gr\nd by bury+ all rocks & /ones deeply b5ea? ! surface--m51 too1 :o _h no o!r "t = ! task except ! brief h\rs be=e & aft] _! daily toil4 ,i %all give no di/9ct plan = lay+ out ! gr\nd4 ,! ta/e ( ! own]1 or m probably t ( 8 wife1 w n[ come into play4 ,_! ideas also w be modifi$ by _m local circum/ances--z1 = in/ance1 ! undulations ( ! l&1 if !re are any2 proximity to neighbors1 etc4 ,if little besides %ade & lawn is desir$1 ?is fact w h a controll+ influ5ce2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! proprietor wi%es to make 8 acre z productive z possible1 ! h\se w be built ne>] ! /reet1 wid] op5 space w be left = ! g>d51 & fruit-trees w pr$om9ate ov] ^? gr[n m]ely = %ade & beauty4 ,!re are few :o w\ld c>e to foll[ a plan :i* _m o!rs _h adopt$4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be ! natural wi% ( p]sons ( ta/e to imp>t some?+ ( _! own individuality to _! rural home2 & ! ef=t to d ?is w\ld af=d mu* agreeable occupation4 ,plates giv+ ! elevation & arrangem5t ( c\ntry homes c be /udi$ by ! ev5+ lamp2 visits to places not$ = _! beauty1 simplicity1 & good ta/e w af=d motives = _m a breezy drive2 :ile useful sugge/ions f :at _h be5 accompli%$ by o!rs may repay = an ext5d$ j\rney4 ,su* obs]vations & /udy w co/ little m ?an an agreeable exp5diture ( "t2 & surely a home is wor? c>eful ?\ght4 ,x !n truly becomes ,,y\r home--some?+ t y h evolv$ ) lov+ ef=t4 ,de> ?\ghts ( wife & *ildr5 ent] into its v mat]iality2 walks are plann$ ) a lov+ consci\sness ( ! feet :i* are to tread !m1 & trees plant$ ) prophetic vision ( ! gr\ps t w ga!r b5ea? ! %ade4 ,?is c\ld sc>cely be true if ! acre 7 turn$ ov] to ar*itect1 build]s1 & l&scape-g>d5]s1 ) an agreem5t t y %\ld h possession at a specifi$ "t4 ,we w suppose t x is e>ly spr+1 t ! gr\nd has receiv$ its second pl[+1 & t ! c>riage-drive & ! ma9 walks h be5 m>k$ out on pap]1 or1 bett] /ill1 on a c>efully consid]$ map4 ,!re is n[ s mu* to d t "o is almo/ bewild]$2 & ! old say+1 ,rome 0 n built 9 a day1 is a good ?+ to rememb]4 ,an ord]ly succession ( labor w br+ beauty & com=t 9 good "t1 especially if ess5tial or f\ndation labors are fir/ well p]=m$4 ,few ?+s w prove m satisfactory ?an dry1 h>d1 smoo? c>riage-roads & walks4 ,^!1 ) _! curves1 c be c>efully /ak$ out1 ! surface-e>? betwe5 ! /akes to ! dep? ( f\r or five in*es c>t$ to ! re> ( ! place ne> ! /able1 or ! place :]e ! /able is to be4 ,( ! value ( ?is surface-soil we %all speak pres5tly1 & w m]ely rem>k 9 pass+ t x is amply wor? ! tr\ble ( sav+4 ,its removal leaves ! b$s ( ! driveway & walks depress$ sev]al in*es bel[ ! surr\nd+ surface4 ,fill ^! %all[ excavations ) little /ones1 ! l>g] 9 ! bottom1 ! small] on top1 & cov] all ) gravel4 ,y n[ h roads & walks t w be dry & h>d ev5 9 oozy ,m>*1 & y c /roll ab\t y\r place ! mom5t ! heavie/ %[] is ov]4 ,! great] fir/ co/ w be m ?an made good by ! fact t sc>cely a we$ c />t or gr[ on pa?ways ?us treat$4 ,all !y w ne$ is an occasional r\nd+ up & smoo?+ ) a rake4 ,:ile ?is labor is go+ on y c beg9 ! plant+ ( trees4 ,to ?is task ,i w\ld e>ne/ly ask c>eful att5tion4 ,y\r h\se c be built 9 a summ]2 b x requires a good "p ( a c5tury to build ! be/ trees into any?+ l p]fection4 ,! usual t5d5cy is to plant mu* too closely4 ,obs]ve well-develop$ trees1 & see h[ wide a space !y require4 ,!re is naturally an eag] wi% = %ade z soon z possible1 & a desire to bani% f surr\nd+s an aspect ( b>5ess4 ,^! purposes c1 x is true1 (t5 be accompli%$ by sett+ out m trees at fir/ ?an c\ld mature1 & by tak+ out "o & ano!r f "t to "t :5 !y beg9 to int]f]e ) ea* o!r's gr[?4 ,"o symmetrical1 noble tree1 h[ev]1 is c]ta9ly wor? m ?an a doz5 di/ort$1 mis%ap5 specim5s4 ,if giv5 space1 e k9d ( tree & %rub w develop its own individuality2 & h]e9 lies "o ( _! greate/ *>ms4 ,if ! oak typifies manhood1 ! droop+ elm is equally sugge/ive ( fem99e grace1 :ile ! sug>-maple1 prodigal ( its ri* juices1 tassell$ bloom1 & w+$ se$s1 rem9ds u ( :olesome1 *e]ful natures4 ,ev5 :5 dy+1 its foliage takes on ! e>lie/ & ri*e/ hues ( autumn4 ,! trees ab\t our door become 9 a s5se our companions4 ,!y appeal to ! eye1 fancy1 & feel+s ( diff]5t p diff]5tly4 ,!re=e ,i %all leave ! *oice ( arboreal associates to ^? :o are to plant !m--a *oice be/ guid$ by obs]vation ( trees4 ,:y %\ld y n plant ^? y l ! be/1 ^? :i* are ! mo/ cong5ial8 ,a few sugge/ions1 h[ev]1 may be useful4 ,i w\ld advise ! read] n to be 9 too great ha/e to fill up 8 gr\nds4 ,:ile !re are trees to :i* 8 *oice rev]ts almo/ in/antly1 !re are probably _m o!r beautiful v>ieties ) :i* he is n acqua9t$4 ,if he has kept space = ! plant+ ( some?+ new e spr+ & fall1 he has done mu* to pres]ve 8 ze/ 9 8 rural surr\nd+s1 & to give a pleas+ direction to 8 summ] obs]vation4 ,he is ev] on ! al]t to discov] trees & %rubs t satisfy 8 ta/e4 ,dur+ ! prep>ation ( ?is book ,i visit$ ! gr\nds ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full]1 at ,kidgewood1 ,n4 ,j41 & = an h\r or two ,i broke ! t5? comm&m5t 9 spite ( myself4 ,i 0 surr\nd$ by trees f almo/ e portion ( ! nor!rn temp]ate zone1 f ,oregon to ,japan2 & 9 ,mr4 ,full] ,i _h a guide ^: sympa?y ) 8 arboreal pets 0 only equall$ by 8 k ( _! *>act]i/ics4 ,all :o love trees %\ld possess 8 book entitl$ ,practical ,=e/ry4 ,if x c\ld only be put into ! h&s ( law-mak]s1 & !y compell$ to le>n mu* ( its cont5ts by he>t1 !y w\ld cease to be m or less consci\s traitors to _! c\ntry 9 all[+ ! de/ruction ( =e/s4 ,!y might av]t ! v]dict ( ! future1 & prev5t po/]ity f d5\nc+ ! irrep>able wrong :i* is n[ p]mitt$ ) impunity4 ,! ,arnolds ( to-day are ^? :o h ! p[] to save ! trees1 yet fail to d s4 ,japan appe>s to be do+ z mu* to adorn our lawns & g>d5s z our draw+-rooms2 & f ?is & o!r =eign l&s mu* t is beautiful or curi\s is com+ annually to our %ores4 ,at ! same "t ,i 0 conv9c$ ( ! wisdom ( ,mr4 ,full]'s appreciation ( our native trees4 ,9 few in/ances %\ld we h to g f> f home to f9d ne>ly all t we want$ 9 beautiful v>iety--maples1 dogwoods1 sc>let & *e/nut oaks1 ! liquid-amb]1 ! :itewood or tulip-tree1 :ite bir*1 & horn-beam1 or ! hop-tree2 n to speak ( ! ev]gre5s & %rubs indig5\s to our =e/s4 ,p]haps x is n g5]ally kn[n t ! p]simmon1 s well rememb]$ by old campaign]s 9 ,virg9ia1 w gr[ readily 9 ?is latitude4 ,!re are =e/s ( ?is tree ar\nd ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j41 & x has be5 kn[n to endure tw5ty-sev5 degrees bel[ z]o4 ,x is a h&some tree at any season1 & its fruit 9 ,novemb] caus$ mu* /raggl+ f our l9e ( m>* 9 ! ,s\?4 ,!n !re is our clean-bol$1 graceful bee*1 ^: smoo? :ite b>k has receiv$ s _m t5d] confid5ces4 ,9 ! neighborhood ( a village y w r>ely f9d "o ( ^! trees :]eon is n l9k$ ! names ( lov]s t h sat b5ea? ! %ade4 ,inde$ ,i h f\nd mem5toes ( try/s or rambles deep 9 ! =e/ ( :i* ! fai?ful bee* has kept ! record until ! lov]s 7 old or dead4 ,on an imm5se old bee* 9 ,t5nessee !re is an inscription :i*1 :ile x sugge/s a hug1 pres5ts to ! fancy an exp]i5ce remote f a lov]'s embrace4 ,x reads1 ,d4 ,boone cill$ b> on tree4 ,!re is "o objection to ! bee* :i* also lies aga9/ ! :ite oak--x does n drop its leaves )9 ! space ( a few autumn days4 ,! blea*$ foliage is fall+ all w9t] long1 ?us giv+ ! gr\nd ne> an untidy aspect4 ,) "s1 ! "q ( absolute neatness is p>am\nt2 ) o!rs1 leaves are clean dirt1 & _! ru/le 9 ! w9d does n cease to be music ev5 aft] !y h fall54 ,speak+ ( native trees & %rubs1 we %all d well to use our eyes c>efully dur+ our summ] walks & drives2 = if we d1 we c sc>cely fail to fall 9 love ) types & v>ieties gr[+ wild4 ,!y w ?rive j z well on ! acre if prop]ly remov$4 ,9 a s5se !y br+ ! =e/ ) !m1 & op5 vi/as at our door deep into ! he>t ( ,nature4 ,! tree is n only a ?+ ( beauty 9 itself1 b x repres5ts to ! fancy all its wild haunts ! _w ov]4 ,9 gratify+ our ta/e = native trees we ne$ n conf9e ourselves to ^? indig5\s to our own locality4 ,f ! nurs]ies we c obta9 specim5s t beautify o!r regions ( our broad l&2 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,k5tucky yell[-wood1 ! papaw1 ! ,judas-tree1 &1 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,j]sey & s\?w>d1 ! holly4 ,9 _m in/ances ! pur*as] ( ! acre may f9d a la/+ pleasure 9 develop+ a specialty4 ,he may desire to ga!r ab\t him all ! droop+ or weep+ trees t w gr[ 9 8 latitude1 or he may *oose to turn 8 acre l>gely into a nut-or*>d1 & delight 8 *ildr5 ) a h>ve/ :i* !y w ga!r ) all ! ze/ ( ! frisky r$ squirrel4 ,if "o c\ld succe$ 9 obta9+ a be>+ tree ( ,hale's pap]-%ell hickory-nut1 he w\ld h a prize inde$4 ,increas+ att5tion is giv5 to ! gr[+ ( nut-trees 9 our l>ge nurs]ies1 & !re w\ld be no difficulty 9 obta9+ a supply4 ,9 pass+ f ?is subject ( *oice 9 decidu\s trees & %rubs1 ,i w\ld sugge/1 9 addition to visits to woods & copse1 to ! well-ornam5t$ places ( m5 :o h long gratifi$ a f9e ta/e 9 ?is respect1 t ! read] also make "t to see occasionally a nurs]y l t ( ,s4,b4 ,p>sons ,co41 at ,flu%+1 ,n4,y4 ,!re is no tea*+ l t ( ! eyes2 & ! amateur :o w\ld d a bit ( l&scape-g>d5+ ab\t 8 own home le>ns :at he w\ld l & :at he c d by see+ %rubs & trees 9 _! v>i\s /ages ( gr[? & beauty4 ,i %all treat ! subject ( ev]gre5s at ! close ( ?is *apt]4 ,z a rule1 ,i h n mu* sympa?y ) ! ef=t to set out l>ge trees 9 ! hope ( obta9+ %ade m quickly4 ,! trees h to be trimm$ up & cut back s greatly t _! symmetry is (t5 de/roy$4 ,!y are also apt to be *eck$ 9 _! gr[? s s]i\sly by su* removal t a sl5d] sapl+1 plant$ at ! same "t1 ov]takes & passes !m4 ,i pref] a "y tree1 /raight-/emm$1 heal?y1 & typical ( its species or v>iety4 ,!n we may wat* its rapid natural developm5t z we w\ld t ( a *ild4 ,/ill1 :5 l>ge trees c be remov$ 9 w9t] ) a great ball ( froz5 e>? t insures ! pres]vation ( ! fibr\s roots1 mu* "t c be sav$4 ,x %\ld ev] be rememb]$ t prompt1 rapid gr[? ( ! transplant$ tree dep5ds on two ?+s--pl5ty ( small fibr\s roots1 & a f]tile soil to receive !m4 ,x usually happ5s t ! pur*as] employs a local citiz5 to aid 9 putt+ 8 gr\nd 9 ord]4 ,9 e rural neighborhood !re are sm>t m5--sm>t is ! prop] adjective2 = !y are nei!r sagaci\s nor tru/wor?y1 & !re is ev] a dismal hiatus betwe5 _! promises & p]=mance4 ,su* m5 lie 9 wait = newcom]s1 to take advantage ( _! inexp]i5ce & necess>y abs5ce4 ,!y w assure _! confid+ employ]s t !y are beyond le>n+ any?+ new 9 ! plant+ ( trees--:i* is true1 9 a s9i/] s5se4 ,!y w leave roots expos$ to sun & w9d--9 brief1 pay no m att5tion to !m ?an a baby-f>m] w\ld be/[ on an infant's appetite2 & !n1 :5 conv5i5t1 ?ru/ !m into a hole sc>cely l>ge en\gh = a po/4 ,!y expect to receive _! money long be=e ! di%one/ "* ( _! "w c be discov]$4 ,! numb] ( trees :i* ?is class ( m5 h dw>f$ or kill$ outright w\ld make a =e/4 ,! result ( a well-mean+ yet ignorant man's "w might be equally unsatisfactory4 ,!re=e1 ! pur*as] ( ! acre %\ld "k h[ a tree %\ld be plant$1 & see to x himself2 or he %\ld by c>eful inquiry select a man = ! task :o c\ld br+ te/imonials f ^? to :om he _h r5d]$ l s]vices 9 ! pa/4 ,! hole de/9$ to receive a %ade or fruit tree %\ld be at lea/ ?ree feet 9 diamet] & two feet deep4 ,x !n %\ld be p>tially fill$ ) good surface soil1 ^u :i* ! tree %\ld /&1 s t its roots c\ld ext5d naturally accord+ to _! orig9al gr[?4 ,good f9e loam %\ld be sift$ ?r\gh & ov] !m1 & !y %\ld n be p]mitt$ to come 9 contact ) decay+ matt] or co>se1 unf]m5t$ manure4 ,! tree %\ld be set z deeply 9 ! soil z x /ood :5 fir/ tak5 up4 ,z ! e>? is ?r[n g5tly ?r\gh & ov] ! roots x %\ld be pack$ lightly aga9/ !m ) ! foot1 & wat]1 %\ld ! season be r dry & w>m1 p\r$ 9 f "t to "t to settle ! f9e soil ab\t !m4 ,! surface %\ld be levell$ at la/ ) a slight dip t[>d ! tree1 s t spr+ & summ] ra9s may be reta9$ directly ab\t ! roots4 ,!n a mul* ( co>se manure is helpful1 = x keeps ! surface moi/1 & its ri*ness w rea* ! roots gradually 9 a dilut$ =m4 ,a mul* ( /raw1 leaves1 or co>se hay is bett] ?an none at all4 ,aft] be+ plant$1 ?ree /\t /akes %\ld be ins]t$ firmly 9 ! e>? at ! ?ree po9ts ( a triangle1 ! tree be+ its c5tre4 ,!n by a rope ( /raw or "s s(t mat]ial ! tree %\ld be brac$ firmly betwe5 ! protect+ /akes1 & ?us x is kept f be+ :ipp$ ar\nd by ! w9d4 ,%\ld p]iods ( dr\ght ensue dur+ ! gr[+ season1 x w\ld be well to rake ! mul* "o side1 & saturate ! gr\nd ar\nd ! "y tree ) an abundance ( wat]1 & ! mul* aft]w>d spread z be=e4 ,su* wat]+ is (t5 ess5tial1 & x %\ld be ?or\gh4 ,unskill$ p]sons usually d m h>m ?an good by _! half-way measures 9 ?is respect4 ,speak+ ( trees1 x may s happ5 t ! acre is already 9 =e/4 ,!n1 inde$1 !re %\ld be c>eful discrim9ation 9 ! use ( ! axe4 ,x may be said t a f9e tree is 9 ! way ( ! dwell+4 ,p]haps ! propos$ dwell+ is 9 ! way ( ! tree4 ,9 ,engl& ! "w ( grov+1 or ?9n+ out trees1 is c>ri$ to ! p]fection ( a f9e art4 ,"o %udd]s at ! havoc :i* might be made by a /olid labor]4 ,inde$1 to ne>ly all :o c\ld be employ$ 9 prep>+ a wood$ acre = habitation1 a tree w\ld be look$ ^u z little m ?an s mu* cord-wood or lumb]4 ,if ,i _h a wood$ acre ,i %\ld /udy ! trees mo/ c>efully be=e com+ to any decision z to ! situation ( ! dwell+ & out-build+s4 ,hav+ remov$ ^? obvi\sly unwor?y to rema91 ,i %\ld put 9 ! axe v ?\ghtfully among ! f9] specim5s1 rememb]+ t ,i %\ld be "u ! soil be=e ,nature c\ld build o!rs l !m4 ,9 ! fitt+ up ( ?is planet z ! home ( mank9d x w\ld appe> t ! ,creator reg>d$ ! conif]ae1 or ev]gre5 family1 z well wor?y ( att5tion2 = almo/ f ! fir/1 accord+ to geologi/s1 ?is family records on ! rocky tablets ( ! e>? its appe>ance1 l>ge & v>i$ developm5t1 & its adaptation to ea* *ange 9 climate & condition ( ! globe's surface dur+ ! c\ntless ages ( prep>ation4 ,surely1 !re=e1 he :o is evolv+ a home on "o acre ( ! e>?'s area _c neglect a g5us ( trees t has be5 s signally honor$4 ,ev]gre5s w spe$ily bani% ! s5se ( newness f 8 gr\nds2 = by putt+ !m ab\t 8 door he has add$ ! l9k :i* connects 8 acre ) ! e>lie/ geological record ( tree-plant+4 ,!n1 l ,di$ri* ,knick]bock]1 :o felt t he mu/ trace ! prov9ce ( ,new ,york back to ! orig9 ( ! univ]se1 he c look ^u 8 conif]ae & feel t 8 late/ "w is 9 accord ) "o ( ! e>lie/ laws ( creation4 ,i imag9e1 h[ev]1 t my read]s' *oice ( ev]gre5s w be det]m9$ *iefly by ! fact t !y are always beautiful1 are easily manag$1 & t by means ( !m beautiful effects c be creat$ )9 comp>atively small space4 ,on ,mr4 ,full]'s gr\nds ,i saw :at might be fitt+ly t]m$ a small p>t]re ( dw>f ev]gre5s1 "s ( :i* 7 tw5ty-five ye>s old4 ,numb]s ( ?is family might be describ$ z ev]gre5 & gold2 = "p ( ! p]5nial foliage %ades (f f ! deepe/ gre5 to bright gold5 hues4 ,among ! gr\p ( ?is v>iety1 ,japanese 9 orig91 ,mr4 ,full] %[$ me a sport+ specim51 :i*1 f "s obscure & rem>kable impulse1 appe>$ b5t on produc+ a new & di/9ct type4 ,"o ( ! bran*es 0 q diff]5t f all ! o!rs on ! tree4 ,x 0 press$ d[n & lay]$ 9 ! soil b5ea?2 :5 lo6 a new tree 0 produc$1 set out beside its p>5t1 :om x soon surpass$ 9 size1 beauty1 & g5]al vigor4 ,al?\gh /ill ma9ta9+ its gre5 & gold5 hues1 x 0 s di/9ct t no "o w\ld dream t x 0 b a sport f ! adjac5t dw>f & mode/ tree4 ,inde$1 x rem9d$ "o ( ,beatrix ,esmond beside h] g5tle & retir+ "m4 ,if x %\ld n 9 ! future emulate 9 caprice ! fair subject ( comp>ison1 x may ev5tually become "o ( ! be/-kn[n ornam5ts ( our lawns4 ,at pres5t x appe>s n[ise incl9$ to hide its gold5 light "u a bu%el4 ,:at ,i h said ab\t =m+ ! acqua9tance ( decidu\s trees & %rubs be=e plant+ to any great ext5t1 applies ) ev5 great] =ce to ! ev]gre51 family4 ,!re is a l>ge & beautiful v>iety f :i* to *oose1 & ,i w\ld sugge/ t ! *oice be made *iefly f ! dw>f-gr[+ k9ds1 s9ce ! space ( "o acre is too limit$ = mu* indulg5ce 94 ,norway spruces1 ! firs1 or p9es4 ,an h\r ) a note-book sp5t 9 gr\nds l ^? ( ,mr4 ,full] w\ld d m 9 aid+ a satisfactory selection ?an ye>s ( read+4 ,moreov]1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t _m beautiful ev]gre5s1 especially ^? ( =eign orig91 are b half h>dy4 ,! amateur may f9d t aft] an exceptionally sev]e w9t] "s lovely specim51 :i* has gr[n to fill a l>ge space 9 8 he>t1 z well z on 8 acre1 has be5 kill$4 ,!re is an ample *oice f entirely h>dy v>ieties = e locality1 & ^!1 by c>eful inquiry ( tru/wor?y nurs]ym51 %\ld be obta9$4 ,moreov]1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t few ev]gre5s w ?rive 9 a wet1 heavy soil4 ,if ,nature has n provid$ ?or\gh dra9age by means ( a por\s subsoil1 ! "w mu/ be done artificially4 ,z a rule1 light b n poor soils1 & w>m exposures1 are be/ adapt$ to ?is g5us ( trees4 ,i ?9k t all au?orities agree sub/antially t spr+ 9 our climate is ! be/ "t = ! transplant+ ( ev]gre5s2 b !y diff] betwe5 e>ly & advanc$ spr+4 ,! late ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+ pref]r$ e>ly spr+2 t is1 z soon z ! fro/ is out1 & ! gr\nd dry en\gh to crumble freely4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full] indorses ?is op9ion4 ,mr4 ,josiah ,hoopes1 au?or ( a valuable "w entitl$ ,! ,book ( ,ev]gre5s1 advises t transplant+ be def]r$ to lat] spr+1 :5 ! "y trees are j beg9n+ _! season's gr[?2 & ?is view has ! approval ( ! ,hon4 ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild] & ,mr4 ,s4 ,b4 ,p>sons1 ,jr41 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,city ,p>ks4 ,abundant success is und\bt$ly a*iev$ at bo? seasons2 b %\ld a hot1 dry p]iod ensue aft] ! lat] plant+--e>ly ,may1 = in/ance--only abundant wat]+ & dilig5t mul*+ w save ! trees4 ,x %\ld be c>efully rememb]$ t ! ev]gre5 families d n possess ! vitality ( decidu\s trees1 & are m easily injur$ or kill$ by removal4 ,! roots ( ! =m] are m s5sitive to exposure to dry air & to sunlight2 & mu* m c]ta9ty ( life & gr[? is secur$ if ! transf] c be accompli%$ 9 cl\dy or ra9y wea!r4 ,! roots %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to become dry1 & x is well also to spr9kle ! foliage at ! "t ( plant+4 ,moreov]1 d n p]mit c>eless workm5 to save a few m9utes 9 ! digg+ ( ! trees4 ,e fibr\s root t c be pres]v$ intact is a promise ( life & vigor4 ,if a nurs]yman %\ld s5d me an assortm5t ( ev]gre5s ) only ! l>ge woody roots left1 ,i %\ld refuse to receive ! trees4 ,:at ,i h said 9 opposition to ! transplant+ ( l>ge trees applies ) great] =ce to ev]gre5s4 ,mr4 ,hoopes writes3 ,an error into :i* _m unpractic$ plant]s frequ5tly fall is t ( plant+ l>ge trees2 & x is "o :i* we consid] oppos$ to s\nd common-s5se4 ,we are aw>e t ! own] ( e new place is anxi\s to produce :at is usually kn[n z an imm$iate effect1 & !re=e he proce$s to plant l>ge ev]gre5s1 cov]+ 8 gr\nds ) great unsightly trees4 ,9 almo/ e case ( ?is k9d ! l[] limbs are apt to die1 & ?us greatly disfigure ! symmetry ( ! trees4 ,"y1 heal?y plants1 :5 c>efully tak5 up & z prop]ly replant$1 are nev] subject to ?is disfigurem5t1 & are almo/ c]ta9 to =m h&some specim5s4 ,any "o :o has se5 ! beautiful pyramids1 cones1 & m\nds ( gre5 into :i* s _m v>ieties develop1 if p]mitt$ to gr[ accord+ to ! laws ( _! be+1 %\ld n be induc$ to pur*ase old & l>ge trees :i* nurs]ym5 are (t5 anxi\s to "p ) be=e !y become utt]ly unsalable4 ,:5 ! ev]gre5s rea* ! acre1 plant !m ) ! same c>e & on ! same g5]al pr9ciples indicat$ = o!r trees4 ,let ! soil be mell[ & good4 ,mul* at once1 & wat] abundantly ! fir/ summ] dur+ dry p]iods4 ,be sure t ! trees are n set any deep] 9 ! gr\nd ?an !y /ood be=e removal4 ,if ! soil ( ! acre is heavy or poor1 g to ! roadside or "s old pa/ure & f9d ri* light soil ) :i* to fill 9 ar\nd ! roots4 ,if no soil c be f\nd )\t a l>ge proportion ( clay1 ! addition ( a little s&1 ?or\ghly mix$ ?r\gh x1 is b5eficial4 ,! hole %\ld be ample 9 size1 s t ! roots c be spread out accord+ to _! natural b5t4 ,if ! gr\nd aft] plant+ ne$s enri*+1 spread ! f]tiliz] ar\nd ! trees1 n aga9/ !m1 & on ! surface only4 ,nev] put manure on or v ne> ! roots4 ,f9e "y se$l+ ev]gre5s c (t5 be f\nd 9 ! woods or fields1 & may be _h = ! ask+1 or = a trifl+ sum4 ,dig !m s z to save all ! roots possible4 ,nev] p]mit ^! to become dry till !y are safe 9 y\r own gr\nds4 ,aim to />t ! little trees "u ! same conditions 9 :i* y f\nd !m 9 ,nature4 ,if tak5 f a %ady spot1 !y %\ld be %ad$ = a season or two1 until !y become accu/om$ to sunlight4 ,?is c easily be accompli%$ by f\r crot*$ /akes support+ a light scaffold+1 on :i* is plac$ dur+ ! hot mon?s a few ev]gre5 b\ghs4 ,v pretty & useful purposes c (t5 be s]v$ by ! employm5t ( c]ta9 k9ds ( ev]gre5s z h$ges4 ,i d n l ! arbitr>y & /iff divisions ( a small place :i* ,i h (t5 se54 ,!y take away ! s5se ( room9ess1 & de/roy ! possibility ( pretty little vi/as2 b :5 us$ judici\sly z scre5s !y comb9e mu* beauty ) utility4 ,z "p ( l9e f5ces !y are (t5 em95tly satisfactory1 %utt+ out pry+ eyes & inclos+ ! home )9 walls ( liv+ gre54 ,! /rong-gr[+ p9es & ,norway spruce are bett] adapt$ to l>ge e/ates ?an to ! area ( an acre4 ,!re=e we w\ld advise ! employm5t ( ! ,am]ican arbor vitae & ( hemlock4 ,! h$ge ( ! latt] ev]gre5 on ,mr4 ,full]'s place =m$ "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & symmetrical walls ,i h ev] se54 ,x 0 s smoo?1 ev51 & imp]vi\s t 9 ! di/ance x appe>$ l solid em]ald4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be ?or\ghly prep>$ = a h$ge by deep pl[+ or by digg+2 ! trees %\ld be small1 "y1 ( ev5 height & size1 & !y %\ld be plant$ c>efully 9 l9e1 accord+ to ! directions already giv5 = a s+le specim52 ! gr\nd on ea* side mul*$ & kept moi/ dur+ ! fir/ summ]4 ,9 ! autumn1 rake ! mul* away & top-dress ! soil on bo? sides = ! space ( two or ?ree feet outw>d f ! /ems ) well-decay$ manure4 ,?is protects ! roots & ensures a vigor\s gr[? ! com+ season4 ,all[ no we$s or ev5 grass to encroa* on ! "y h$ge until x is /rong & e/abli%$4 ,= ! fir/ ye> no trimm+ w be necess>y beyond cutt+ back an occasional bran* or top t is gr[+ /rong] ?an ! o!rs2 & ?is %\ld be done 9 e>ly ,octob]4 ,dur+ ! second season ! plants %\ld gr[ mu* m /rongly2 & n[ ! %e>s are ne$$ 9 summ]4 ,"s bran*es & top %oots w pu% f> beyond ! o!rs4 ,!y %\ld be cut back ev5ly1 & 9 accordance ) ! %ape ! h$ge is to take4 ,! pyramidal =m appe>s to me to be ! "o mo/ 9 h>mony ) ,nature4 ,9 ,octob]1 ! h$ge %\ld receive its f9al %e>+ = ! ye>2 & if !re is an app>5t defici5cy ( vigor1 ! gr\nd on bo? sides %\ld receive ano!r top-dress+1 aft] remov+ ! summ] mul*4 ,z ! h$ge gr[s old] & /rong]1 ! pr9cipal %e>+ w be done 9 e>ly summ]1 z ?is *ecks gr[? & causes ! close1 d5se int]lac+ ( bran*es & =mation ( foliage :]e9 ! beauty & usefulness ( ! h$ge consi/4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fruit-,,trees ,,& ,,grass ,x is a happy pro( ( our civilization t a dwell+-place1 a %elt] f sun & /orm1 does n con/itute a home4 ,ev5 ! mode/ rooms ( our me*anics are n furni%$ ) useful articles m]ely2 ornam5ts & pictures appe> q z indisp5sable4 ,out-(-doors ! impulse to beautify is ev5 /rong]2 & usually ! pur*as]'s fir/ ef=t is to make 8 place attractive by means ( trees & %rubs t are m ?an useful--!y are ess5tial2 because ! ref9$ ta/es ( m5 & wom5 to-day dem& !m4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ,i endeavor$ to satisfy ?is dem& 9 "s degree1 & n[ w ask ! read]'s att5tion to a few practical sugge/ions 9 reg>d to sev]al ( ! fruits :i* be/ supply ! family ne$4 ,we %all f9d1 h[ev]1 t :ile ,nature is prodigal 9 supply+ :at appeals to ! palate & satisfies hung]1 %e is also l a graceful ho/ess :o decks h] banquet ) all ! beauty t %e c possibly be/[ ^u x4 ,we c imag9e t ! lusci\s fruits ( ! ye> might h be5 produc$ 9 a mu* m prosaic way4 ,inde$1 we are at a loss to decide :i* we value ! m1 ! apple-blossoms or ! apples :i* foll[4 ,nature is n cont5t ) bulk1 flavor1 & nutrim5t1 b 9 ! fruit itself s deftly pleases ! eye ) e trick ( color & =m t ! hues & beauty ( ! fl[] are (t5 surpass$4 ,we look at a r$-*eek$ apple or purple clu/] ( grapes hesitat+ly1 & are lo? to m> ! exquisite %ad+s & p]fect outl9es ( ! vessel 9 :i* ! ri* juices are s]v$4 ,!re=e1 9 /ock+ ! acre ) fruit1 ! proprietor has n ceas$ to embelli% x2 & %\ld he decide t fruit-trees mu/ pr$om9ate ov] ^? gr[n = %ade & ornam5t only1 he c comb9e almo/ z mu* beauty z utility ) 8 plan4 ,all ! fruits may be set out bo? 9 ! spr+ & ! fall seasons2 b 9 our latitude & nor?w>d1 ,i %\ld pref] e>ly spr+ = /rawb]ries & pea*es4 ,by ?is "t we may suppose t ! own] ( ! acre has matur$ 8 plans1 & m>k$ out ! spaces design$ = ! lawn1 g>d51 fruit trees1 v9es1 etc4 ,fruit trees1 l %ade trees1 are n ! gr[? ( a summ]4 ,!re=e !re is natural eag]ness to h !m 9 ! gr\nd z soon z possible1 & !y c usually be ord]$ f ! same nurs]y1 & at ! same "t ) ! ornam5tal /ock4 ,i %all speak fir/ ( apples1 pe>s1 & *]ries1 & ,i h be5 at "s pa9s to secure ! op9ions ( em95t horticulturi/s z to ! be/ selections ( ^! fruits = ! home table1 n = m>ket4 ,:5 !re is a surplus1 h[ev]1 !re w be no difficulty 9 dispos+ ( ! f9e v>ieties nam$4 ,! ,hon4 ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild]1 ! vet]an ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 writes z foll[s3 ,h]e) is ! selection ,i h made = family use2 b ,i c\ld put 9 z _m m 9 "s ( ! classes :i* are j z desirable1 or ne>ly s4 ,^! h be5 made ) ref]5ce to cov]+ ! seasons4 ,apples--,r$ ,a/rakhan1 ,port]1 ,grav5/e91 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 ,baldw91 ,roxbury ,russet1 & ,sweet ,b\gh = bak+4 ,pe>s--,clapp's ,favorite 7to be ga!r$ ,augu/ #bj71 ,b>tlett1 ,seckel1 ,%eldon1 ,beurre ,bosc1 ,bu]re d',anj\1 & ,vic> ( ,w9kfield = bak+1 etc4 ,*]ries--,black ,eagle1 ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,d[n]1 ,w9dsor1 ,cumb]l&1 & ,r$ ,jacket4 ,mr4 ,wild]'s honor$ "n1 l t ( ! late ,*>les ,d[n+1 is insep>ably l9k$ ) ,am]ican fruits1 & ! c\ntry owes ^! two m5 a debt ( gratitude :i* nev] c be paid = _! lifelong & intellig5t ef=ts to guide ! p wisely 9 ! *oice & culture ( ! v be/ v>ieties4 ,a mom5t's ?\ght w conv9ce ! read] t ,i am n giv+ too mu* space to ?is matt] ( selection4 ,we are n[ deal+ ) que/ions :i* wide & v>i$ exp]i5ce c be/ answ]4 ,m5 :o give _! lives to ! cultivation & obs]vation ( fruits 9 all _! myriad v>ieties acquire a k :i* is almo/ invaluable4 ,we _c af=d to put out trees1 to give !m good culture1 & wait = ye>s1 only to le>n t all our c>e has be5 be/[$ on inf]ior or second-rate v>ieties4 ,life is too brief4 ,we all feel t ! be/ is good en\gh = u2 & ! be/ usually co/s no m 9 money or "t ?an d less desirable v>ieties4 ,!re=e ,i seek to give on ?is important "q ( *oice ! op9ions ( "s ( ! highe/ au?orities 9 ! l&4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full] is n only a well-kn[n horticultural au?or1 b has also _h ! wide/ exp]i5ce 9 ! culture & obs]vation ( fruit4 ,he prefaces 8 op9ion ) ! foll[+ words3 ,h[ mu* & h[ (t5 we horticulturi/s h be5 puzzl$ ) que/ions l y\rs6 ,if we made no progress1 7 always ( ! same m9d1 & if seasons nev] *ang$1 !n p]haps !re w\ld be little difficulty 9 decid+ :i* ( ! v>ieties ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( fruit 7 really ! be/4 ,b seasons1 our ta/es1 & ev5 ! v>ieties sometimes *ange2 & our pref]5ces & op9ions mu/ v>y accord+ly4 ,apples--,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,fall ,pipp9s1 ,spitz5burgh1 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 ,autumn ,sweet ,b\gh1 & ,talman's ,sweet4 ,*]ries--,e>ly ,purple ,guigne1 ,big>reau ( ,mezel1 ,black ,eagle1 ,coe's ,transp>5t1 ,gov]nor ,wood1 & ,belle ,magnifique4 ,! *oice ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,s4 ,c>m51 editor ( ! ,rural ,new ,york]3 ,apples--,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,grav5/e91 ,jeff]is1 ,baldw91 ,"m1 ,spitz5burgh4 ,pe>s--,seckel1 ,tyson1 ,clapp's ,favorite1 ,b>tlett1 ,beurre d',anj\1 & ,dana's ,hovey4 ,*]ries--,black ,t>t>ian1 ,coe's ,transp>5t1 ,gov]nor ,wood1 ,mezel1 ,napoleon ,big>reau4 ,! au?orities appe> to diff]4 ,& s !y w\ld 9 reg>d to any locality2 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ,presid5t ,wild] advises = ! latitude ( ,massa*usetts1 ,messrs4 ,full] & ,c>m5 = t ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,i w give n[ ! selection ( ! em95t horticulturi/ ,mr4 ,p4 ,o4 ,b]ckmans = ! latitude ( ,georgia3 ,*]ries 7?is is n a good *]ry-produc+ region1 b ,i "n ! foll[+ z ! be/ 9 ord] ( m]it7--,buttn]s1 ,gov]nor ,wood1 ,belle de ,*oisy1 ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 & ,may ,duke4 ,pe>s 79 ord] ( maturity7--,clapp's ,favorite1 ,seckel1 ,du*esse1 ,beurre ,sup]f9e1 ,leconte1 ,w9t] ,nellis1 or ,gl\t4 ,morceau4 ,apples--,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,r$ ,june1 ,c>t]'s ,blue1 ,/ev5son's ,w9t]1 ,%ockley1 ,buncombe1 ,c>ol9a ,gre5+4 ,he :o makes 8 *oice f ^! selections w n meet ) mu* disappo9tm5t4 ,i am aw>e1 h[ev]1 t ! enjoym5t ( fruit dep5ds mu* ^u ! ta/e ( ! individual2 & :o has a bett] "r to gratify 8 ta/e ?an ! man :o buys1 sets out1 & c>es = ! trees8 ,"s famili> k9d n 9 favor ) ! fruit critics1 an old v>iety t has become a de> memory ( boyhood1 may be ! be/ "o ( all = him--p]haps = ! reason t x recalls ! lov$ faces t ga!r$ ab\t ! wide1 qua9t fireplace ( 8 *ildhood's home4 ,x is also a well-recogniz$ fact t c]ta9 v>ieties ( fruit appe> to be peculi>ly adapt$ to c]ta9 localities4 ,because a man has made a good selection on g5]al pr9ciples1 he ne$ n be re/rict$ to ?is *oice4 ,he w soon f9d 8 trees gr[+ lu/ily & mak+ l>ge bran*+ heads4 ,ea* bran* c be made to produce a diff]5t k9d ( apple or pe>1 & ! k9dr$ v>ieties ( *]ries w succe$ on ! same tree4 ,= in/ance1 "o may be visit+ a neighbor :o gives him "s fruit t is unusually delici\s1 or t manife/ great adaptation to ! locality4 ,z a rule ! neighbor w gladly give scions :i*1 graft$ ^u ! trees ( ! ,home ,acre1 w soon beg9 to yield ! covet$ v>iety4 ,?is opportunity to gr[ diff]5t k9ds ( fruit on "o tree imp>ts a new & delightful int]e/ to ! or*>d4 ,! proprietor c always be on ! look\t = some?+ new & f9e1 & ! few mom5ts requir$ 9 graft+ or budd+ make x 84 ,! op]ation is s simple & easy t he c le>n to p]=m x himself1 & !re are always pl5ty ( adepts 9 ! rural vic9age to give him 8 initial lesson4 ,:ile he w keep ! /&>d k9ds = 8 ma9 supply1 he c gratify 8 ta/e & eye ) "s pretty innovations4 ,i "k ( an apple-tree :i* be>s ov] a hundr$ v>ieties4 ,a bran*1 = in/ance1 is produc+ ,yell[ ,bell-fl[]s4 ,at a c]ta9 po9t 9 its gr[? :]e x has ! diamet] ( a man's ?umb x may be graft$ ) ! ,r$ ,baldw94 ,:5 ! scion has gr[n = two or ?ree ye>s1 its lead+ %oots c be graft$ ) ! ,roxbury ,russet1 & ev5tually ! t]m9al b\gh ( ?is gr[? ) ! ,e>ly ,h>ve/4 ,?us may be pres5t$ ! int]e/+ spectacle ( "o limb ( a tree yield+ f\r v di/9ct k9ds ( apples4 ,9 ! limit$ area ( an acre !re is usually n v mu* range 9 soil & locality4 ,! own] mu/ make ! be/ ( :at he has b\ght1 & rem$y unfavorable conditions1 if !y exi/1 by skill4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t peaty1 cold1 damp1 spongy soils are unfit = fruit-trees ( any k9d4 ,we c sc>cely imag9e1 h[ev]1 t "o w\ld buy l& = a home conta9+ mu* soil ( ?is nature4 ,a s&y loam1 ) a subsoil t dries out s quickly t x c be work$ aft] a heavy ra91 is ! be/ = ne>ly all ! fruit-trees1 especially = *]ries & pea*es4 ,!re=e 9 select+ ! gr\nd1 be sure x is well dra9$4 ,if ! acre has be5 enri*$ & pl[$ twice deeply1 z ,i h already sugge/$1 little m is necess>y 9 plant+ ?an to excavate a hole l>ge en\gh to receive ! roots spread out 9 _! natural positions4 ,%\ld no su* ?or\gh & g5]al prep>ation h be5 made1 or if ! gr\nd is h>d1 poor1 & /ony1 ! own] w f9d x to 8 advantage to dig a good-siz$ hole ?ree or f\r feet across & two deep1 fill+ 9 & ar\nd ! tree ) f9e ri* surface soil4 ,if he c obta9 "s ?or\ghly decompos$ compo/ or manure1 = in/ance1 z ! scrap+s ( a b>ny>d1 or ri* black soil f an old pa/ure1 to mix ) ! e>? b5ea? & ar\nd ! roots1 ! good effects w be se5 spe$ily2 b 9 no in/ance %\ld raw manure f ! /able1 or any?+ t mu/ decay be=e becom+ plant food1 be br\ght 9 contact ) ! roots4 ,aga9 ,i repeat my caution aga9/ plant+ too deeply--"o ( ! commone/ & mo/ fatal errors4 ,let ! tree be set ab\t z deeply z x /ood be=e removal4 ,if ! tree be plant$ e>ly 9 spr+1 z x %\ld be1 !re w be moi/ure en\gh 9 ! soil2 b :5 plant+ is delay$ until ! gr\nd has become r dry & w>m1 a pail ( wat] p\r$ ab\t its roots :5 ! hole has be5 ne>ly fill$ w be b5eficial4 ,n[ t ! tree is plant$1 any k9d ( co>se manure spread to ! dep? ( two or ?ree in*es on ! surface z a mul* is v useful4 ,/ake at once to protect aga9/ ! w9ds4 ,d n make ! common mi/ake ( plant+ too closely4 ,obs]ve ! area %ad$ by fully gr[n trees1 & y w le>n ! folly ( cr[d+4 ,moreov]1 d5se %ade ab\t ! h\se is n desirable4 ,!re %\ld be space = pl5ty ( air & sun%9e4 ,! fruit f "o well-develop$ tree w (t5 m ?an supply a family2 = t5 or fifte5 b>rels ( apples is n an unusual yield4 ,! /&>d apples %\ld be ?irty feet ap>t4 ,pe>s1 ! dw>f]-gr[+ *]ries1 plums1 etc41 c be gr[n 9 ! int]v5+ spaces4 ,9 ord]+ f ! nurs]ies insi/ on /raight1 %apely1 & "y trees1 say ?ree ye>s f ! bud4 ,_m trees t are s5t out are small en\gh1 b !y are old & /unt$4 ,also require t !re %\ld be an abundance ( fibr\s & unmutilat$ roots4 ,because ! "y trees come f ! nurs]y unprun$1 d n leave !m 9 t condition4 ,be=e plant+1 or imm$iately aft]1 cut back all ! bran*es at lea/ "o-half2 & :]e !y are too ?ick1 cut out "s altoge!r4 ,9 removal ! tree has lo/ mu* ( its root p[]1 & x is absurd to expect x to provide = j z mu* top z be=e4 ,9 _m books on fruit-culture mu* space has be5 giv5 to dw>f pe>s1 apples1 & *]ries1 & trees ( ?is "* 7 plant$ mu* m l>gely "s ye>s ago ?an !y are at pres5t4 ,! pe> is dw>f$ by graft+ x on ! qu9ce2 ! apple c be limit$ to a m]e g>d5 fruit-tree 9 size by be+ gr[n on a ,d\c9 /ock1 or ev5 r$uc$ to ! size ( a bu% if compell$ to draw its life ?r\gh ! roots ( ! ,p>adise4 ,^! two nam$ /ocks1 mu* employ$ by ,european nurs]ym51 are di/9ct species ( apples1 & reproduce !mselves )\t v>iation f ! se$4 ,! *]ry is dw>f$ by be+ work$ on ! ,mahaleb--a small1 h&some tree1 ) glossy1 deep-gre5 foliage1 mu* cultivat$ abroad z an ornam5t ( lawns4 ,except 9 ! h&s ( practic$ g>d5]s1 trees ?us dw>f$ are seldom satisfactory1 = mu* skill & c>e are requir$ 9 _! cultivation4 ,_! *ief advantages consi/ 9 ! fact t !y be> e>ly & take b little space4 ,!re=e !y may be consid]$ wor?y ( att5tion by ! pur*as]s ( small places4 ,^? :o are dispos$ to make pets ( _! trees & to indulge 9 horticultural exp]im5ts may d]ive mu* pleasure f ^! dw>fs1 = !y c be develop$ into symmetrical pyramids or graceful1 fruitful %rubs )9 ! limits ( a g>d5 bord]4 ,:5 ! se$s ( ord9>y apples & pe>s are s[n !y produce se$l+s1 or free /ocks1 & ^u ^! are budd$ or graft$ ! f9e v>ieties :i* compose our or*>ds4 ,!y are kn[n z /&>d trees2 !y come into be>+ m sl[ly1 & ev5tually atta9 ! normal size famili> to u all4 ,/&>d *]ries are work$ on se$l+s ( ! ,mazz>d1 :i* ,b>ry describes z a l(ty1 rapid-gr[+1 pyramidal-head$ tree4 ,i %\ld advise ! read] to indulge 9 ! dw>fs v *>ily1 & *iefly z a s\rce ( fairly pr(itable amusem5t4 ,x is to ! /&>ds t he w look = %ade1 beauty1 & abundance ( fruit4 ,s9ce we h be5 dwell+ on ! apple1 pe>1 & *]ry1 !re are c]ta9 advantages ( cont9u+ ! subject 9 ! same connection1 giv+ ! pr9ciples ( cultivation & c>e until ! trees rea* maturity4 ,dur+ ! fir/ summ] an occasional wat]+ may be requir$ 9 long p]iods ( dr\ght4 ,9 _m in/ances buds w =m & />t along ! /em ( ! tree1 or ne> ! roots4 ,^! %\ld be rubb$ (f ! mom5t !y are detect$4 ,"o ( our *ief aims is to =m an ev5ly balanc$1 op51 symmetrical head2 & ?is c (t5 be accompli%$ bett] by a little wat*fulness dur+ ! season ( gr[? ?an at any o!r "t4 ,if1 = in/ance1 two bran*es />t s closely toge!r t "o or ! o!r mu/ be remov$ 9 ! spr+ prun+1 :y let ! sup]flu\s "o gr[ at all8 ,x is j s mu* wa/$ ef=t4 ,by rubb+ (f ! pu%+ bud or t5d] %oot ! /r5g? ( ! tree is ?r[n into ! bran*es t we wi% to rema94 ,?us ! eye & h& ( ! ma/] become to ! "y tree :at in/ruction1 c\nsel1 & admonition are to a gr[+ boy1 ) ! diff]5ce t ! tree is easily & c]ta9ly manag$ :5 tak5 9 "t4 ,! /udy ( ! pr9ciples ( gr[? 9 ! "y trees c be made z pleas+ z x is pr(itable1 = ! read9ess ) :i* !y respond to a guid+ h& w soon inve/ !m ) almo/ a human int]e/4 ,a *ild w n %[ neglect m c]ta9ly ?an !y2 & if humor$ & all[$ to gr[ aft] _! own fa%ion1 !y w soon prove h[ ess5tial are re/ra9t & tra9+4 ,a fruit tree is n l "o 9 a =e/--a simple1 unp]v]t$ product ( ,nature4 ,x is a result ( human int]f]5ce & developm5t2 & we might j z reasonably expect our dome/ic animals to take c>e ( !mselves z our graft$ & budd$ trees4 ,moreov]1 !y d n comply ) _! raison d'etre by m]ely exi/+1 gr[+1 & propagat+ _! k9d4 ,a ,b>tlett pe>-tree1 l a ,j]sey c[1 is giv5 place = ! sake ( its delici\s product4 ,x is also l ! c[ 9 requir+ judici\s fe$+ & c>e4 ,trees left to !mselves t5d to =m too mu* wood1 l ! grape-v9e4 ,( c\rse f9e fruit is impossible :5 ! head ( a tree is l a ?icket4 ,! gr[? ( un*eck$ bran*es foll[s ! t]m9al bud1 ?us produc+ long nak$ rea*es ( wood devoid ( fruit spurs4 ,!re=e ! ne$ ( %ort5+ 91 s t side bran*es may be develop$4 ,:5 ! read] rememb]s t e dormant bud 9 e>ly spr+ is a possible bran*1 & t ev5 ! immature buds at ! axil ( ! leaves 9 e>ly summ] c be =c$ into imm$iate gr[? by p9*+ back ! lead+ %oot1 he w see h[ entirely ! "y tree is "u 8 control4 ,^! simple facts & pr9ciples are wor? f> m to ! intellig5t man ?an any numb] ( arbitr>y rules z to prun+4 ,reason & obs]vation soon guide 8 h& 9 summ] or 8 knife 9 ,m>*--! season :5 trees are usually trimm$4 ,beyond %ort5+ 9 lead+ bran*es & cutt+ out cross+ & int]f]+ b\ghs1 s z to keep ! head symmetrical & op5 to light & air1 ! *]ry does n ne$ v mu* prun+4 ,if ) ! lapse ( ye>s x becomes necess>y to take (f l>ge limbs f any fruit-tree1 ! au?orities recomm5d e>ly ,june z ! be/ season = ! op]ation4 ,x w soon be discov]$--q likely dur+ ! fir/ summ]--t fruit-trees h enemies1 t !y ne$ n only cultivation & fe$+1 b also protection4 ,! pe>1 apple1 & qu9ce are liable to "o my/]i\s disease :i* x is almo/ impossible to gu>d aga9/ or cure--! fireblight4 ,( c\rse !re h be5 innum]able prev5tives & cures recomm5d$1 j z we see a doz5 c]ta9 rem$ies = consumption adv]tis$ 9 any popul> j\rnal2 b ! disease /ill rema9s a di%e>t5+ my/]y1 & is m fatal to ! pe> ?an to its k9dr$ fruits4 ,i h _h ?rifty "y trees1 j com+ into be>+1 sudd5ly turn black 9 bo? wood & foliage1 appe>+ 9 ! di/ance z if scor*$ by a bla/ f a furnace4 ,9 ano!r in/ance a l>ge mature tree 0 attack$1 los+ 9 a summ] half its b\ghs4 ,^! 7 cut out1 & ! rema9d] ( ! tree appe>$ heal?y dur+ ! foll[+ summ]1 & bore a good crop ( fruit4 ,! disease (t5 attacks b a s+le bran* or a small portion ( a tree4 ,! au?orities advise t ev]y?+ %\ld be cut away at once bel[ all evid5ce ( infection & burn$4 ,"s ( my trees h be5 attack$ & h recov]$2 o!rs 7 app>5tly recov]+1 b di$ a ye> or two lat]4 ,"o c\ld !orize to ! end ( a volume ab\t ! tr\ble4 ,i frankly confess t ,i "k nei!r ! cause nor ! rem$y4 ,x seems to me t our be/ res\rce is to comply ) ! g5]al conditions ( good & heal?y gr[?4 ,! usual exp]i5ce is t trees :i* are f]tiliz$ ) wood-a%es & a mod]ate am\nt ( lime & salt1 r ?an ) /imulat+ manures1 escape ! disease4 ,if ! gr\nd is poor1 h[ev]1 & ! gr[? feeble1 b>ny>d manure or its equival5t is ne$$ z a mul*4 ,! apple-blight is ano!r k9dr$ & equally obscure disease4 ,no bett] rem$y is kn[n ?an to cut out ! infect$ "p at once4 ,9 cop+ ) insects we c act m intellig5tly1 & !re=e successfully4 ,we c /udy ! *>act]s ( our enemies1 & le>n _! vuln]able po9ts4 ,! black & gre5 aphides1 or plant-lice1 are (t5 v tr\blesome4 ,!y appe> 9 imm5se numb]s on ! "y & t5d] %oots ( trees1 & by suck+ _! juices *eck or enfeeble ! gr[?4 ,!y are ! mil*-c[s ( ants1 :i* are usually f\nd v busy among !m4 ,nature app>5tly has made ample provision = ?is pe/1 = x has be5 e/imat$ t "o individual 9 five g5]ations might be ! prog5itor ( six ?\s& millions4 ,!y are easily de/roy$1 h[ev]4 ,mr4 ,b>ry1 ( ! firm ( ,ellwang] ,b>ry1 9 8 excell5t "w ,! ,fruit ,g>d51 writes z foll[s3 ,our plan is to prep>e a b>rel ( tobacco juice by /eep+ /ems = sev]al days1 until ! juice is ( a d>k br[n color2 we !n mix ?is ) soap-suds4 ,a pail is fill$1 & ! ends ( ! %oots1 :]e ! insects are assembl$1 are b5t d[n & dipp$ 9 ! liquid4 ,"o dip is en\gh4 ,su* p>ts z _c be dipp$ are spr9kl$ lib]ally ) a g>d5-syr+e1 & ! application repeat$ f "t to "t1 z long z any ( ! aphides rema94 ,! liquid may be s /rong z to injure ! foliage2 !re=e x is well to te/ x on "o or two subjects be=e us+ x ext5sively4 ,apply x 9 ! ev5+4 ,! scaly aphis or b>k-l\se attacks weak1 feeble-gr[+ trees1 & c usually be remov$ by scrubb+ ! b>k ) ! prep>ation giv5 above4 ,9 our region & 9 _m localities ! apple-tree bor] is a v =midable pe/1 (t5 de/roy+ a "y tree be=e its pres5ce is kn[n4 ,i once f\nd a "y tree 9 a di/ant "p ( my place t ,i c\ld pu% ov] ) my f+]4 ,9 ,june a br[n & :ite /rip$ beetle deposits its eggs 9 ! b>k ( ! apple-tree ne> ! gr\nd4 ,! l>vae :5 hat*$ bore _! way into ! wood1 & w soon de/roy a small tree4 ,!y _c d _! mis*ief1 h[ev]1 )\t giv+ evid5ce ( _! pres5ce4 ,sawdu/ exudes f ! holes by :i* !y ent]$1 & !re %\ld be suffici5t wat*fulness to discov] !m be=e !y h done mu* h>m4 ,i pref] to cut !m out ) a %>p1 po9t$ knife1 & make sure t !y are dead2 b a wire ?ru/ into ! hole w usually pi]ce & kill !m4 ,wood-a%es m\nd$ up aga9/ ! base ( ! tree are said to be a prev5tive4 ,9 ! fall !y c be spread1 & !y at lea/ make "o ( ! be/ ( f]tiliz]s4 ,! codl+-mo?1 or apple-worm1 is ano!r enemy t %\ld be f\ght resolutely1 = x de/roys millions ( bu%els ( fruit4 ,9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york ,/ate ?is mo? beg9s its depr$ations ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! relation ( ! apple to ! fall ( man1 ?is creature c]ta9ly leads to ! spe$y fall ( ! apple4 ,:o has n se5 ! gr\nd cov]$ ) premature & decay+ fruit 9 ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]8 ,ba* specim5 w be f\nd p]=at$ by a worm-hole4 ,! egg has be5 laid 9 ! calyx ( ! "y apple1 :]e x soon hat*es into a small :ite grub1 :i* burr[s into ! core1 ?r[+ out beh9d x a br[ni% p[d]4 ,aft] ab\t ?ree weeks ( apple diet x eats its way out1 %elt]s itself "u ! scaly b>k ( ! tree--if all[$ to be scaly--or 9 "s o!r hid+-place1 sp9s a cocoon1 & 9 ab\t ?ree weeks comes out a mo?1 & is ready to help de/roy o!r apples4 ,?is insect probably con/itutes "o ( ,nature's me?ods ( prev5t+ trees f ov]be>+2 b l "s p we "k1 x s exagg]ates its mission z to become an insuff]able nuisance4 ,! rem$ies recomm5d$ are t trees %\ld be scrap$ free ( all scales 9 ! spr+1 & wa%$ ) a solution ( s(t soap4 ,ab\t ! #a/ ( ,july1 wrap b&ages ( old clo?1 c>pet1 or rags ( any k9d ar\nd ! trunk & l>g] limbs4 ,! worms w appreciate su* excell5t cov]1 & w sw>m into ^! hid+-places to und]go trans=mation into mo?s4 ,!re=e ! wraps ( rags %\ld (t5 be tak5 d[n1 ?r[n into scald+ wat]1 dri$1 & replac$4 ,! fruit z x falls %\ld be pick$ up at once & c>ri$ to ! pigs1 &1 :5 practicable1 worm-infe/$ specim5s %\ld be tak5 f ! trees be=e ! worm escapes4 ,! cank]-worm 9 ^? localities :]e x is de/ructive c be gu>d$ aga9/ by b&s ( t>-cov]$ canvas ar\nd ! trees4 ,! mo? _c fly1 b crawls up ! tree 9 ! late autumn & dur+ mild spells 9 w9t]1 b especially ?r\gh\t ! spr+ until ,may4 ,:51 ! evil-dispos$ mo? meets ! 't>ry b& he f9ds no ?or\ghf>e1 & is ei!r caught or compell$ to seek "s o!r ar5a ( mis*ief4 ,we h all se5 ! flaunt+1 unsightly abodes ( ! t5t cat]pill> & ! foliage-d5ud$ bran*es ab\t !m4 ,=tunately ^! are n /eal?y enemies1 & ! own] c sc>cely see 8 acre at all )\t be+ aw>e ( _! pres5ce4 ,he has only to look v e>ly 9 ! morn+ or late 9 ! ev5+ to f9d !m all bun*$ up 9 _! ne/s4 ,^! %\ld be tak5 d[n & de/roy$4 ,*]ry & pe> slugs1 small1 slimy1 d>k br[n worms1 c be de/roy$ by du/+ ! trees ) dry wood a%es or air-slack$ lime4 ,field-mice (t5 girdle "y trees1 especially dur+ ! w9t]1 work+ b5ea? ! sn[4 ,unless heaps ( rubbi% are left "h & !re z %elt] = ^! little pe/s1 "o or two good cats w keep ! acre free ( !m4 ,tread+ ! sn[ compactly ar\nd ! tree is also practic$4 ,d n let ! read] be disc\rag$ by ?is li/ ( ! mo/ common enemies1 or by he>+ ( o!rs4 ,aft] read+ "s m$ical works we are l$ to wond] t ! human race does n spe$ily die out4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ) mod]ate c>e1 mo/ ( u are able to say1 ,i'm pretty well1 ,i ?ank y1 & :5 ail+ we d n /raightway despair4 ,9 spite ( all enemies & drawbacks1 fruit is becom+ m pl5tiful e ye>4 ,if "o man c raise x1 s c ano!r4 ,be hospitable to birds1 ! be/ ( all insect de/roy]s4 ,put up pl5ty ( h\ses = bluebirds & wr5s1 & treat ! little br[n song-sp>r[ z "o ( y\r /an*e/ fri5ds4 ,a brief ^w 9 reg>d to ! qu9ce1 & our pres5t li/ ( fruits is complete4 ,if ! qu9ce is cultivat$ aft] ! common neglectful me?od1 x w\ld bett] be relegat$ to an obscure "p ( ! g>d51 =1 left to itself1 x makes a great sprawl+ bu%2 prop]ly tra9$1 x becomes a beautiful ornam5t to ! lawn1 l ! o!r fruits t ,i h describ$4 ,only a little c>e1 ) ! judici\s use ( ! prun+-%e>s1 is requir$ to develop x into a m9iature & fruitful tree1 :i* c be gr[n ) a natural r\nd$ head or 9 ! =m ( a pyramid1 z ! cultivator *ooses4 ,x w ?rive well on ! same soil & "u simil> treatm5t accord$ to ! pe> or ! apple4 ,procure f a nurs]y /raight-/emm$ plants2 set !m out ab\t eight feet ap>t2 beg9 to =m ! head ?ree feet f ! gr\nd1 & keep ! /em & roots free f all spr\ts & suck]s4 ,develop ! head j z y w\ld t ( an apple-tree1 %ort5+ 9 ! bran*es1 & cutt+ out ^? t int]f]e ) ea* o!r4 ,half a doz5 trees w soon give an ample supply4 ,! orange & ! pe> %ap$ are ! v>ieties usually recomm5d$4 ,rea's ,mammo? is also highly spok5 (4 ,rememb] t ! qu9ce equally ) ! apple is subject to injury f ! bor]1 & ! evil %\ld be met z ,i h already describ$4 ,!re is a natural wi% to h z mu* grass ab\t ! dwell+ z possible1 = no?+ is m beautiful4 ,if !re are *ildr51 !y w assur$ly petition = lawn-t5nis & croquet gr\nds4 ,i tru/ t _! wi%es may be gratifi$1 = *ildr5 are wor? inf9itely m ?an any?+ else t c be gr[n ^u ! acre4 ,) a little extra c>e1 all ! trees ( :i* ,i h spok5 c be gr[n 9 ! spaces allott$ to grass4 ,x is only necess>y to keep a circle ( space six feet 9 diamet]--! trunk =m+ ! c5tre--ar\nd ! tree mell[ & free f any vegetable gr[? :atev]4 ,?is gives a *ance to f]tilize & "w ! gr\nd imm$iately ov] ! roots4 ,( c\rse vigor\s fruit-trees _c be gr[n 9 a ?ick sod1 :ile pea*es & grapes require ! free culture ( ! g>d51 z w be %[n h]eaft]4 ,9 view1 h[ev]1 ( ! g5]al wi% = grass1 ,i h advis$ on ! supposition t all ! ornam5tal trees1 mo/ ( ! %rubs1 & ! f\r fruits nam$ w\ld be gr[n on ! portions ( ! acre to be kept 9 lawn4 ,x may be add$ "h t plums also w d well "u ! same conditions1 if giv5 good c>e4 ,grass is a product t c be cultivat$ z truly z ! mo/ delicate & fa/idi\s ( fruits1 & ,i _h ! lawn is m9d :5 ,i urg$ ! g5]\s initial deep pl[+ & enri*+4 ,no?+ t gr[s responds m promptly to good treatm5t ?an grass2 b a f9e lawn _c be creat$ 9 a season1 any m ?an a f9e tree4 ,we w suppose t ! spr+ plant+s ( trees h be5 made ) op5 spaces res]v$ = ! favorite games4 ,n[ ! gr\nd c be prep>$ = grass-se$1 = x ne$ n be trampl$ ov] any m4 ,if c]ta9 p>ts h become pack$ & h>d1 !y %\ld be dug or pl[$ deeply aga91 !n h>r[$ & rak$ p]fectly smoo?1 & all /ones1 big or little1 tak5 f ! surface4 ,! se$ may n[ be s[n1 & x %\ld be ( ?ick1 f9e-gr[+ v>ieties1 su* z are employ$ 9 ,c5tral ,p>k & o!r pleasure-gr\nds4 ,mr4 ,samuel ,p>sons1 ,jr41 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,c5tral ,p>k1 writes me3 ,! be/ grass-se$s = ord9>y lawns are a mixture ( r$-top & ,k5tucky blue-grass 9 equal p>ts1 ) p]haps a small am\nt ( :ite clov]4 ,on v s&y gr\nd ,i pref] ! ,k5tucky blue-grass1 z x is v h>dy & vigor\s "u adv]se circum/ances4 ,hav+ s[n & rak$ 9 ! se$ v lightly a great advantage w be ga9$ 9 pass+ a lawn-roll] ov] ! gr\nd4 ,i h succe$$ well 9 gett+ a good cat* ( grass by s[+ ! se$ ) oats1 :i* 7 cut & cur$ z hay z soon z ! gra9 0 :at is t]m$ 9 ! milk4 ,! /rong & quickly gr[+ oats make ! gr\nd gre5 9 a few days1 & %elt] ! sl[] matur+ grass-roots4 ,mr4 ,p>sons says1 ,i pref] to s[ ! grass-se$ alone4 ,z soon z ! grass beg9s to gr[ ) "s vigor1 cut x (t51 = ?is t5ds to ?ick5 x & produce ! velvety effect t is s beautiful4 ,f ! v fir/ ! lawn w ne$ we$+4 ,! gr\nd conta9s se$s ( /rong gr[+ plants1 su* z dock1 planta91 etc41 :i* %\ld be tak5 out z fa/ z !y appe>4 ,to "s ! d&elion is a we$2 b n to me1 unless x takes m ?an its %>e ( space1 = ,i always miss ^! little e>? />s :5 !y are abs5t4 ,!y int5sify ! sun%9e %imm]+ on ! lawn1 mak+ "o smile involunt>ily :5 see+ !m4 ,moreov]1 !y awak5 pleasant memories1 = a *ildhood 9 :i* d&elions _h no "p is a defective exp]i5ce4 ,9 late autumn ! fall5 leaves %\ld be rak$ c>efully away1 z !y t5d to smo!r ! grass if p]mitt$ to lie until spr+4 ,n[ comes ! *ief opportunity ( ! ye>1 9 ! =m ( a lib]al top-dress+ ( manure f ! /able4 ,if ?is is spread ev5ly & n too ?ickly 9 ,novemb]1 & ! co>s] rema9s ( x are rak$ (f e>ly 9 ,april1 ! results w be a/oni%+4 ,a deep em]ald hue w be imp>t$ to ! grass1 & ! frequ5t cutt+s requir$ w soon produce a turf t yields to ! foot l a ,p]sian rug4 ,any "o :o has walk$ ov] ! pla9 at ,we/ ,po9t c und]/& ! value ( ^! regul> autumnal top-dress+s4 ,if ! /able-manure c be compo/$ & left till ?or\ghly decay$1 f9e & friable1 all ! bett]4 ,if /able-manure c n be obta9$1 ,mr4 ,p>sons recomm5ds ,mapes's f]tiliz] = lawns4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,g>d5 ,we n[ approa* t "p ( ! acre to :i* its possessor w probably give 8 w>me/ & mo/ frequ5t ?\ghts--! g>d54 ,if prop]ly made & conduct$1 x w yield a rev5ue :i* ! weal? ( ! ,indies c\ld n pur*ase2 = :oev] b\ght 9 m>ket ! flavor ( fruit & vegetables rais$ by "o's own h&s or "u our own eyes8 ,s5tim5t does c\nt4 ,a boy is a boy2 b x makes a va/ diff]5ce :e!r he is our boy or n4 ,a g>d5 may soon become a "p ( ! man himself1 & he be a bett] man = its c>e4 ,:olesome are ! ?\ghts & s*emes x sugge/s2 heal?ful are ! blood & muscle result+ f its products & labor !re94 ,ev5 ) ! purse ( a millionaire1 ! be/ ( ! city's m>kets is no sub/itute = a g>d52 = ,nature & life are "h1 & ^! are n b\ght & sold4 ,f /alls & p$l]s' wagons we c buy b dead & dy+ ?+s4 ,! indol5t epicure's enjoym5t ( game is n ! reli% ( ! sportsman :o has tak5 8 d9n] direct f ! woods & wat]s4 ,i am (t5 told1 ,x is *eap] to buy fruit & vegetables ?an to raise !m4 ,i h no?+ to say 9 reply4 ,!re are _m *eap ?+s t we c h2 exp]i5ce has prov$ t "o ( ! ,,be/ ?+s to h is a g>d51 ei!r to "w 9 or to visit daily :5 ! season p]mits4 ,we h b "o life to live "h1 & to get ! *eape/ ?+s out ( x is a r poor ambition4 ,!re are multitudes :o c nev] possess an acre1 m or less1 & :o mu/ obta9 ,nature's products at second h&4 ,?is is n s great a mis=tune z to h no desire = h] companion%ip1 or wi% to "w "u h] direction 9 dewy morn+s & %ad[y ev5+s4 ,we may !re=e reasonably suppose t ! man :o has ex*ang$ 8 city %elt] = a rural home looks =w>d to ! g>d5 ) ! natural1 primal in/9ct1 & is eag] to make ! mo/ ( x 9 all its aspects4 ,!n let u plunge 9 m$ias res at once4 ,! ideal soil = a g>d5 is a mell[1 s&y loam1 und]laid ) a subsoil t is n too op5 or por\s4 ,su* gr\nd is t]m$ grateful1 & x is n ! k9d ( gratitude :i* has be5 def9$ z a lively appreciation ( favors to come1 :i* is true ( "s o!r soils4 ,?is ideal l& rememb]s pa/ favors2 x reta9s ! f]tiliz]s ) :i* x has be5 enri*$1 & returns !m 9 ! =m ( good crops until ! gift is exhau/$2 !re=e x is a ?rifty z well z a grateful soil4 ,! own] c br+ x up to ! highe/ degree ( f]tility1 & keep x !re by judici\s managem5t4 ,?is s&y loam--,nature's bl5d+ ( s& & clay--is a safe bank4 ,! manure incorporat$ ) x is a deposit :i* c be drawn aga9/ 9 fruit & vegetables1 = x does n lea* away & disappe> ) "o season's ra9s4 ,light1 ?91 s&y soil1 ) a por\s or gravelly subsoil1 is ( a v diff]5t type1 & requires diff]5t treatm5t4 ,x is a sp5d?rift4 ,no matt] h[ mu* y give x "o ye>1 x v soon requires j s mu* m4 ,y c enri* x1 b y c't keep x ri*4 ,!re=e y mu/ manage x z "o w\ld take c>e ( a sp5d?rift1 giv+ :at is ess5tial at ! "t1 & 9 a way t p]mits z little wa/e z possible4 ,i %all expla9 ?is treatm5t m fully fur!r on4 ,9 ! *oice ( a g>d5 plot y may be re/rict$ to a /iff1 t5aci\s1 heavy clay4 ,n[ y h a mis] to deal )--a soil t reta9s1 b 9 _m cases makes no prop] use (1 :at x receives4 ,skill & good managem5t1 h[ev]1 c improve any soil1 & coax luxuriant crops f ! mo/ unpropiti\s4 ,we w speak fir/ ( ! ideal soil already m5tion$1 & hope t ! acre conta9s an area ( x ( suitable dim5sions = a g>d54 ,:at %\ld be ! fir/ /ep 9 ?is case8 ,:y1 to get m ( x4 ,a qu>t] ( an acre c be made equal to half an acre4 ,y c ab\t d\ble ! g>d51 )\t add+ to x an in* ( surface1 by increas+ ! dep? ( good soil4 ,= in/ance1 gr\nd has be5 cultivat$ to ! dep? ( six or sev5 in*es4 ,try ! exp]im5t ( /irr+ ! soil & enri*+ x "o foot d[nw>d1 or eighte5 in*es1 or ev5 two feet1 & see :at va/ diff]5ces w result4 ,) e in* y g d[n1 mak+ all friable & f]tile1 y add j s mu* m to root pa/urage4 ,:5 y wi% to raise a great deal1 increase y\r lev]age4 ,roots are y\r lev]s2 & :5 !y re/ aga9/ a deep f]tile soil !y lift into ! air & sun%9e products t may well delight ! eyes & palate ( ! mo/ fa/idi\s4 ,we sugge/ t ?is ?or\gh deep5+1 pulv]ization1 & enri*+ ( ! soil be done at ! />t1 :5 ! pl[ c be us$ )\t any ob/ructions4 ,if !re are /ones1 rocks1 roots1 any?+ :i* prev5ts ! treatm5t :i* a g>d5 plot %\ld receive1 !re is a decid$ advantage 9 cle>+ !m all out at ! beg9n+4 ,la/ fall ,i saw a half-acre t 0 swampy1 & s encumb]$ ) /ones t "o c\ld walk all ov] x )\t /epp+ (f ! rocks4 ,! l& 0 slop+1 & !re=e capable ( dra9age4 ,! proprietor put ?ree m5 to "w on ! l[] side ) picks1 %ovels1 & bla/+-tools4 ,!y turn$ ! soil ov] to ! dep? ( eighte5 in*es1 tak+ out e /one l>g] ?an a walnut4 ,eight or t5 feet ap>t deep dit*es 7 cut1 & ! /ones1 z f> z possible1 plac$ 9 ^!4 ,! re/ 7 c>t$ away = a heavy wall4 ,y may say x 0 exp5sive "w4 ,s x 02 yet s complete a g>d5 spot 0 made t ,i believe x w\ld yield a fair int]e/ 9 potatoes alone4 ,i relate ?is in/ance to %[ :at c be done4 ,a m =bidd+ area = a g>d5 9 its orig9al /ate c\ld sc>cely be f\nd4 ,en\gh vegetables & fruit c be rais$ f x h]eaft]1 ) annual f]tiliz+1 to supply a l>ge family1 & x w improve e ye> "u ! ref9+ effects ( fro/1 sun1 & cultivation4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t culture does = soil :at x does = m5 & wom54 ,x mell[s1 br+s x up1 & r5d]s x capable ( f9] products4 ,mu*1 inde$1 c be done ) a crude piece ( l& 9 a s+le ye> :5 treat$ ) ! ?or\ghness t has be5 sugge/$1 & "s /rong-gr[+ vegetables may be se5 at _! be/ dur+ ! fir/ season2 b ! m delicate vegetables ?rive bett] ) successive ye>s ( cultivation4 ,no matt] h[ abundantly ! gr\nd may be enri*$ at fir/1 "t & *emical action are requir$ to transmute ! f]tiliz]s into ! be/ =ms ( plant-food1 & make !m a "p ( ! v soil itself4 ,pl[+ or spad+1 especially if done 9 late autumn1 exposes ! m\ld to ! b5eficial action ( ! air & fro/1 & ! g>d5 gradually takes on ! ref9$1 mell[1 f]tile "* :i* di/+ui%es x f ! ord9>y field4 ,9 deal+ ) a ?91 s&y soil1 "o has almo/ to rev]se ! pr9ciples j giv54 ,yet !re is no cause = disc\ragem5t4 ,f9e results1 if n ! be/1 c be secur$4 ,9 ?is case !re is sc>cely any possibility = a ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil f ! />t4 ,x c gradually be improv$1 h[ev]1 by mak+ good its defici5cies1 ! *ief ( :i* is ! lack ( vegetable m\ld4 ,if ,i _h su* soil ,i w\ld rake up all ! leaves ,i c\ld f9d1 employ !m z b$d+ = my c[ & pigs 7if ,i kept any71 & spread ! compo/-heap result+ on ! s&y g>d54 ,! soil is already too light & w>m1 & x %\ld be our aim to apply f]tiliz]s t5d+ to c\nt]act ?is defect4 ,a n]v\s1 excitable p]son %\ld let /imulants alone1 & take good1 solid1 blood-mak+ food4 ,?is illu/ration sugge/s ! prop] c\rse to be tak54 ,_m a "t ,i h se5 action ! rev]se ( ?is result+ disa/r\sly4 ,= in/ance1 a man c>ts on 8 light ?9 soil hot f]m5t+ manure f ! horse-/able1 & pl[s x "u4 ,se$s are plant$4 ,9 ! moi/1 cool1 e>ly spr+ !y make a great />t1 feel+ ! impulse ( ! p[]ful /imulant4 ,!re is a ha/y & unheal?ful gr[?2 b long be=e maturity ! days gr[ long & hot1 dr\ght comes1 & ! g>d5 dries up4 ,!re=e e ef=t %\ld be made to supply cool manures ) /ay+ qualities1 su* z are furni%$ by decay$ vegetable matt] compo/$ ) ! clean+s ( ! c[-/able4 ,we ?us le>n ! value ( fall5 leaves1 muck f ! swamp1 etc42 & !y also br+ ) !m b few se$s ( noxi\s vegetation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 /olid1 phlegmatic clay requires ! /imulus ( manure f ! horse-/able4 ,x c be pl[$ "u at once1 & left to f]m5t & decay 9 ! soil4 ,! process ( decomposition w t5d to bani% its cold1 in]t qualities1 & make ! gr\nd loose1 op51 & am5able to ! influ5ces ( fro/1 sun1 & ra94 ,does ! own] ( light1 w>m soils ask1 ,:at1 !n1 %all ,i d ) my /able-manure1 s9ce y h said t x w be an injury to my g>d58 ,i h n said ?is--only t x w d h>m if appli$ 9 its raw1 hot1 f]m5t+ /ate4 ,compo/ x ) leaves1 sod1 e>?1 muck1 any?+ t w keep x f burn+ up ) its own heat4 ,if y c obta9 no su* +r$i5ts1 h x turn$ ov] & expos$ to ! air s (t5 t x w decay )\t pass+ ?r\gh a process approa*+ combu/ion4 ,:5 x has become s ?or\ghly decompos$ z to resemble a f9e black p[d]1 y h a f]tiliz] sup]ior to any high-pric$ pat5t comp\nd t c be b\ght4 ,fur!r on ,i w %[ h[ x c be us$ bo? 9 ?is /ate & also 9 its crude condition on light soils ) ! be/ results4 ,x is sc>cely possible to lay too mu* /ress on ?is subject ( f]tiliz]s4 ,! soil ( ! g>d5-plot looks in]t3 s does heavy ma*9]y2 b apply to x ! prop] motive p[]1 & y h activity at once4 ,manure is ! motive p[] to soil1 & x %\ld be appli$ 9 a way & degree to secure ! be/ results4 ,to produce "s vegetables & fruits mu* is requir$2 9 o!r gr[?s1 v little4 ,9 lay+ out a g>d5 !re are sev]al po9ts to be consid]$4 ,! proprietor may be m desir\s ( secur+ "s degree ( beauty 9 ! arrangem5t ?an ( obta9+ ! highe/ condition ( productiv5ess4 ,if ?is be true1 he may plan to make d[n its c5tre a wide1 gravell$ walk1 ) a grape-arbor "h & !re1 & fruit-trees & fl[]s 9 bord]s on ea* side ( ! pa?4 ,s f> f hav+ any objection to ?is arrangem5t1 ,i %\ld be incl9$ to adopt x myself4 ,x w\ld be conducive to frequ5t visits to ! g>d5 & to l\ng+ 9 x1 especially if !re be ru/ic seats "u ! arbors4 ,i am incl9$ to favor any?+ :i* accords ) my !ory t ! be/ products ( a g>d5 are nei!r eat5 nor sold4 ,f su* a walk d[n ! middle ( ! g>d5 ! proprietor c glance at ! r[s ( vegetables & small fruits on ei!r side1 & daily note _! progress4 ,:at he loses 9 space & crops he ga9s 9 pleasure4 ,nor does he lose mu*2 = if ! bord]s on ea* side ( ! pa? are plant$ ) grape-v9es1 pea* & plum trees1 fl[]s & %rubs1 ! v gr\nd he walks on becomes "p ( _! root pa/urage4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be admitt$ t ! roots w also ext5d ) deplet+ appetites into ! l& devot$ to vegetables4 ,! trees & v9es above w1 to "s ext5t1 ca/ an un:olesome %ade4 ,he :o has set 8 he>t on ! bigge/ cabbages & be/ potatoes 9 t[n mu/ cultivate !m 9 gr\nd op5 to ! sky1 & unp]vad$ by any roots except _! own4 ,if ! g5]al fruitfulness ( ! g>d5 r ?an p]fection 9 a few vegetables is desir$1 ! bord]s1 ) _! trees1 v9es1 & fl[]s1 w prove no objection4 ,moreov]1 :5 x comes to compet+ 9 cabbages1 potatoes1 etc41 ! proprietor ( ! ,home ,acre w f9d t "s ,iri%man1 by ! aid ( 8 r$ol5t pig-p51 w surpass him4 ,! roots & %ade ext5d+ f 8 bord]s w n prev5t him f gr[+ good vegetables1 if n ! l>ge/4 ,we w !re=e suppose t1 z ! simple/ & mo/ economical arrangem5t1 he has adopt$ ! plan ( a walk six feet wide ext5d+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( 8 g>d54 ,z 0 ! case ) ! o!r pa?s1 x w be greatly to 8 advantage to /ake x out & remove ab\t f\r in*es ( ! surface-soil1 pil+ x ne> ! /able to be us$ = compo/+ purposes or 9 ! e>?-closet4 ,! excavation ?us made %\ld be fill$ ) small /ones or c9d]s1 & !n cov]$ ) f9e gravel4 ,a walk t %all be dry at all times is ?us secur$1 & x w be almo/ :olly free f we$s4 ,9 ^! advantages alone "o is repaid = ! extra fir/ co/1 & 9 addition ! ri* surface soil obta9$ w d\ble ! bulk & value ( ! f]tiliz]s ) :i* x is mix$4 ,hav+ made ! walk1 bord]s five feet wide c be laid out on ea* side ( x1 & ! soil 9 ^! %\ld be z ri* & deep z any o!r p>ts ( ! g>d54 ,:at %all be plant$ 9 ^! bord]s w dep5d l>gely on ! ta/es ( ! g>d5]2 b1 z has be5 sugge/$1 !re w assur$ly be "o or m %ad[y grape-arbors "u :i* ! proprietor c retire to provide horticultural /rategy4 ,?is br+s u to t *ef-d'oeuvre ( ,nature-- ,! v9e4 ,x climbs by its t5drils1 & !y appe> to h clasp$ ! he>t ( humanity4 ,among ! be/ ( ,heav5's gifts1 x has su/a9$ ! wor/ p]v]sions4 ,b we w refra9 f a temp]ance lecture2 also f sacr$ & classical rem9isc5ces4 ,! _w is n compos$ ( monks :o ?\ght to escape temptation--& va9ly too--9 /ony cells4 ,to "s ! purple clu/] sugge/s ,bac*anal revelry2 to o!rs1 sitt+ "u "o's own v9e & fig-tree--9 brief1 a home4 ,! v9e is l woman1 ! inspiration ( ! be/ & ! wor/4 ,x may well become "o ( ! dreams ( our life to own l&1 if = no o!r reason ?an t ( obta9+ ! privilege ( plant+ v9es4 ,z !y take root1 s w we1 & aft] we h eat5 _! delici\s fruit1 ! v ?\ght ( leav+ our acre w be repugnant4 ,! lit]ature ( ! v9e w\ld fill a libr>y2 ! lit]ature ( love w\ld cr[d _m libr>ies4 ,x is n ess5tial to read ev]y?+ be=e we />t a little v9ey>d or g a-c\rt+4 ,x is said t ab\t two ?\s& kn[n & nam$ v>ieties ( grapes h be5 & are be+ gr[n 9 ,europe2 & all ^! are suppos$ to h be5 develop$ f "o species 7,vitis v9if]a71 :i* orig9ally 0 ! wild product ( ,nature1 l ^? gr[+ 9 our ?ickets & =e/s4 ,"o c sc>cely suppose ?is possible :5 contemplat+ a clu/] ( ,tokay or "s o!r highly develop$ v>iety ( ! hot-h\se4 ,yet ! native v9e1 :i* began to yield fruit aft] 8 k9d1 ! ?ird day 7:atev] may h be5 ! l5g? ( t day71 may h be51 aft] all1 a good />t+-po9t 9 ! process ( developm5t4 ,"o c h>dly believe t ! "o clu/] ( grapes :i* ! burd5$ spies1 return+ f ,pale/9e1 bore betwe5 two ( !m ^u a /aff1 0 ! result ( high sci5tific culture4 ,9 t clime1 & :5 ! _w 0 "y1 ,nature mu/ h be5 m b5efic5t ?an n[4 ,x is c]ta9 t no su* clu/] ev] hung f ! native v9es ( ?is l&2 yet x is f our wild species1 ^: fruit ! ,indians %>$ ) ! birds & foxes 7:5 n hang+ s high z to be s\r71 t we h develop$ ! delici\s v>ieties ( our out-door v9ey>ds4 ,= ab\t two c5turies our =efa!rs kept on plant+ v9es import$ f ,europe1 only to meet ) failure4 ,nature1 t _h s abundantly rew>d$ _! ef=ts abroad1 quietly *eckmat$ !m "h4 ,at la/ ,am]ican fruit-gr[]s took ! h9t1 & began develop+ our native species4 ,!n ,nature smil$2 & z a lure along ?is correct pa? ( progress1 gave su* inc5tives z ! ,isabella1 ! ,catawba1 & ,concord4 ,we are n[ bewild]$ by almo/ z great a *oice ( v>ieties f native species z !y h abroad2 & z an aid to selection ,i w aga9 give ! v]dict ( "s ( ! au?orities4 ,! *oice ( ! ,hon4 ,norman ,j4 ,colman1 ,commission] ( ,agriculture3 ,e>ly ,victor1 ,word51 ,m>?a1 ,elvira1 ,cyn?iana4 ,?is is = ! region ( ,miss\ri4 ,= ! latitude ( ,new ,j]sey1 ,a4,s4 ,full]'s selection3 ,delaw>e1 ,concord1 ,moore's ,e>ly1 ,anto9ette 7:ite71 ,augu/a 7:ite71 ,goe! 7amb]74 ,e4,s4 ,c>m53 ,moore's ,e>ly y _c praise ?is too mu*4 ,! quality is m]ely t ( ! ,concord2 b ! v9es are m>vels ( p]fect heal?1 ! bun*es l>ge1 ! b]ries ( ! l>ge/ size4 ,!y rip5 all at once1 & are fully ripe :5 ! ,concord beg9s to color1 ,word51 ,brighton1 ,victoria 7:ite71 ,niag>a 7:ite71 ,el ,dorado4 ,?is does n ?rive ev]y:]e1 b ! grapes rip5 e>ly--,septemb] #a1 or be=e--& ! quality is p]fection--:ite4 ,*oice ( ,p4,j4 ,b]ckman1 = ! latitude ( ,georgia3 ,:ite grapes--,pet] ,wylie1 ,triumph1 ,maxatawny1 ,scupp]nong4 ,b$ grapes--,delaw>e1 ,b]ckman's1 ,brighton4 ,black--,concord1 ,ives4 ,z ,i h ov] a hundr$ v>ieties 9 be>+1 ,i may v5ture to express an op9ion also4 ,i confess t ,i am v fond ( ^? old favorites ( our fa!rs1 ! ,isabella & ,catawba4 ,!y w n rip5 ev]y:]e 9 our latitude1 yet ,i seldom fail to secure a good crop4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahhe we vot$ ! ,isabella almo/ unsurpass$4 ,if "o has w>m1 well-dra9$ soil1 or c tra9 a v9e ne> ! s\? side ( a build+1 ,i %\ld advise ! trial ( ?is f9e old grape4 ,! ,iona1 ,brighton1 & ,agawam also are great favorites ) me4 ,we reg>d ! ,diana1 ,wyom+ ,r$1 ,p]k9s1 & ,rog]s' hybrids1 ,l9dley1 ,wild]1 & ,am5ia1 z among ! be/4 ,! ,rebecca1 ,du*ess1 ,lady ,wa%+ton1 & ,purity are f9e :ite grapes4 ,i h n yet te/$ ! ,niag>a4 ,ye>s ago ,i obta9$ ( ,mr4 ,james ,ricketts1 ! prize-tak] = se$l+ grapes1 two v9es ( a small w9e grape call$ ! ,bac*us4 ,to my ta/e x is v pleasant aft] two or ?ree slight fro/s4 ,our li/ ( v>ieties is long en\gh1 & "o mu/ be fa/idi\s inde$ :o does n f9d "s to suit 8 ta/e4 ,9 _m localities ! *ief "q is1 ,:at k9d ,,c ,i gr[8 ,9 our favor$ region on ! ,hudson almo/ all ! out-door grapes w ?rive2 b z we g nor? ! seasons become too cool & %ort = "s k9ds1 & proce$+ s\? ! summ]s are too long & hot = o!rs4 ,! salt air ( ! sea-coa/ is n conducive to v9e-culture1 & only ! mo/ vigor\s1 l ! ,concord & ,moore's ,e>ly1 w resi/ ! mildew blight4 ,we mu/ !re=e d ! be/ we c1 & t w be v well inde$ 9 mo/ localities4 ,because our li/ ( good grapes is already s long1 x does n foll[ t we h rea*$ ! limit ( developm5t by any means4 ,:5 we rememb] t almo/ )9 a lifetime our f9e v>ieties h be5 develop$ f ! wild nor!rn ,fox grape 7,vitis labrusca71 ! ,summ] grape 7oe/ivalis71 ,fro/ 7cordifolia71 we are l$ to ?9k t p]haps we h sc>cely m ?an cross$ ! /ile :i* leads into ! pa? ( progress4 ,if ,i %\ld live to keep up my little specim5 v9ey>d t5 ye>s long]1 p]haps ! great] "p ( ! v>ieties n[ cultivat$ w h giv5 place to o!rs4 ,! delici\s ,brighton requires no m space ?an a s\r1 defective v>iety2 :ile ! proprietor />ts ) ! be/ k9ds he c obta91 he w f9d no re/ra9t beyond 8 own ignorance or c>elessness t w prev5t 8 replac+ ! ,brighton ) a v>iety twice z good :5 x is develop$4 ,?us v9e-plant+ & grape-ta/+ /ret* away into an allur+ & endless vi/a4 ,:5 su* ex*anges are made1 we d n recomm5d ! graft+ ( a new favorite on an old v9e4 ,?is is a pretty op]ation :5 "o has ! ta/e & leisure = x1 & a new1 high-pric$ v>iety c sometimes be obta9$ spe$ily & *eaply 9 ?is way4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 new k9ds soon drop d[n )9 ! means ( almo/ any pur*as]1 & !re are advantages 9 hav+ ea* v>iety gr[+ ^u its own root4 ,nature yields to ! skill ( ! c>eful g>d5]1 & p]mits ! ins]tion ( "o di/9ct v>iety ( fruit ^u ano!r2 b ) ! v9e %e does n favor ?is me?od ( propagation & *ange1 z 9 ! case ( pe>s & apples1 :]e ! graft =ms a close1 t5aci\s union ) ! /ock 9 :i* x is plac$4 ,mr4 ,full] writes3 ,on acc\nt ( ! peculi> /ructure ( ! wood ( ! v9e1 a la/+ union is seldom obta9$ :5 graft$ above-gr\nd1 & is f> f be+ c]ta9 ev5 :5 graft$ bel[ ! surface1 by ! ord9>y me?od4 ,! v9e is increas$ s readily by easy & natural me?ods1 to be expla9$ h]eaft]1 t he :o desires no?+ m ?an to secure a good supply ( grapes = ! table c dismiss ! subject4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? :o wi% to amuse !mselves by exp]im5t+ ) ,nature c f9d abundant enjoym5t 9 n only graft+ old v9es1 b also 9 rais+ new se$l+s1 among :i* he may obta9 a prize :i* w a/oni% ! natives4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 ^: ta/es c>ry !m to su* l5g?s 9 v9e-culture w be sure to pur*ase exhau/ive treatises on ! subject1 & w !re=e give no he$ to ^! simple practical *apt]s4 ,x is my aim to enable ! bus9ess man return+ f 8 city (fice1 or ! f>m] engross$ ) ! c>e ( _m acres1 to le>n 9 a few mom5ts1 f "t to "t1 j :at he mu/ d to supply 8 family abundantly ) fruits & vegetables4 ,if "o is ab\t to adopt a grape-culture z a call+1 common-s5se requires t he %\ld locate 9 "s region peculi>ly adapt$ to ! v9e4 ,if ! possessor ( a l>ge f>m purposes to put sev]al acres 9 v9ey>d1 he %\ld also aim to select a soil & exposure be/ suit$ to 8 purpose4 ,two ?\s& ye>s ago ,virgil wrote1 ,nor let ?y v9ey>d b5d t[>d ! sun :5 sett+4 ,! inf]5ce is t ! v9es %\ld face ! ea/1 if possible2 & f t day to ?is1 ea/]n & s\!rn exposures h be5 f\nd ! be/4 ,yet climate modifies ev5 ?is pr9ciple4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 ,i %\ld plant my v9ey>d on a nor?-we/]n slope1 or on ! nor? side ( a belt ( woods1 = ! reason t ! long1 hot days !re w\ld cause too rapid an evaporation f ! foliage ( ! v9es1 & enfeeble1 if n kill !m4 ,9 ! limit$ space ( ! ,home ,acre "o c use only su* l& z he has1 & plant :]e he mu/2 b if ! favorable exposures indicat$ exi/1 x w\ld be well to make ! mo/ ( !m4 ,i c m5tion1 h[ev]1 z enc\ragem5t to _m1 t ,i saw1 la/ fall1 spl5did grapes gr[+ on p]fectly level & s&y soil 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,a l[-ly+1 heavy1 t5aci\s clay is und\bt$ly ! wor/ gr\nd 9 :i* to plant a v9e2 & yet by ?or\gh dra9age1 a lib]al admixture ( s&1 & light f]tiliz]s1 x c be made to produce good grapes ( "s v>ieties4 ,a light s&y soil1 if enri*$ abundantly ) well-decay$ vegetable & b>ny>d manures1 gives wid] scope 9 *oice ( k9ds2 :ile on ! ideal well-dra9$ s&y loam t we h describ$1 any outdoor grape c be plant$ hopefully if ! g>d5 is suffici5tly remov$ f ! seabo>d4 ,z a g5]al tru? x may be /at$ t any l& 9 a condition to produce a f9e crop ( corn & potatoes is ready = ! v9e4 ,?is w\ld be true ( ! entire g>d5 if ! sugge/ions h]et(ore made h be5 c>ri$ out4 ,!re=e ! bord]s :i* h be5 nam$ are ready to receive ! v9es1 :i* may be plant$ 9 ei!r spr+ or fall4 ,i pref] ! fall season = sev]al reasons4 ,! gr\nd is usually dri] !n1 & crumbles m f9ely2 ! "y v9e becomes well e/abli%$ & settl$ 9 its place by spr+1 & ev5 =ms new roots be=e ! gr[+ season beg9s1 & 9 eight cases out ( t5 makes a /rong] gr[? ?an foll[s spr+ plant+2 x is "w accompli%$ :5 !re is usually ! greate/ leisure4 ,if ! gr\nd is ready 9 ,,e>ly spr+1 ,i %\ld advise no delay4 ,a ye>'s gr[? is ga9$ by sett+ out ! v9es at once4 ,z a rule ,i d n advise late spr+ plant+--t is1 aft] ! buds h />t$ on ! "y v9es4 ,!y may live1 b usually !y sc>cely d m1 ! fir/ ye>4 ,9 ord]+ f a nurs]y ,i %\ld ask = vigor\s1 well-root$ two-ye>-old v9es1 & ,i %\ld be almo/ z well cont5t$ ) fir/-class "o-ye>-olds4 ,if any "o %\ld adv]tise extra l>ge1 /rong v9es1 ready to be> at once1 ,i %\ld h no?+ to d ) him4 ,t's a nurs]y trick to get rid ( old /ock4 ,! fir/ ye> aft] ! %ock ( removal a v9e %\ld n be p]mitt$ to be> at all2 & a "y vigor\s v9e is wor? a doz5 old /unt$ ones4 ,hav+ procur$ ! v9es1 keep !m 9 a cool1 moi/ place until ready to plant4 ,nev] p]mit ! roots to become dry2 & if "s ( !m are long & nak$1 %ort5 !m to two feet1 s z to cause !m to ?r[ out side fibr\s roots1 :i* are ! true fe$]s4 ,excavate holes ( ample size1 s t all ! roots may be spread out naturally4 ,if y h reason to ?9k ! gr\nd is n v good1 two or ?ree qu>ts ( f9e bone-du/ ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! soil t is plac$ on & ab\t ! roots w give a f9e s5d-(f4 ,usually a good mul* ( any k9d ( b>ny>d manure plac$ on ! ,,surface aft] plant+ w answ] all purposes4 ,be=e fill+ 9 ! hole ov] ! roots1 place beside ! v9e a /\t /ake six or sev5 feet high4 ,?is w be all ! support requir$ ! fir/ ye>4 ,cut back ! "y v9e to ?ree buds1 & aft] !y get well />t$1 let b "o gr[4 ,if ! plant+ is done 9 ! fall1 m\nd ! e>? up ov] ! little v9e at ! approa* ( w9t]1 s z to cov] x at lea/ six in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,9 spr+ uncov] aga9 z soon z h>d fro/s are ov]--say e>ly ,april 9 our latitude4 ,sl[-gr[+ v>ieties1 l ! ,delaw>e1 may be set out six feet ap>t2 /rong gr[]s1 l ! ,concord1 eight feet4 ,v9es c n be expect$ to ?rive "u ! %ade ( trees1 or to fight an unequal battle 9 gr\nd fill$ ) ! roots ( o!r plants4 ,v9es may be set out n only 9 ! g>d5 bord]s1 b also 9 almo/ any place :]e _! roots w n be int]f]$ )1 & :]e _! foliage w receive pl5ty ( light & air4 ,h[ well ,i rememb] ! old ,isabella v9es t clamb]$ on a trellis ov] ! kit*5 door at my *ildhood's home6 ,9 ?is sunny exposure1 & 9 ! reflect$ heat ( ! build+1 ! clu/]s 7 always ! sweete/ & e>lie/ ripe4 ,a ton ( grapes may be secur$ annually by erect+ trellises aga9/ ! sides ( build+s1 walls1 & p\ltry y>d1 :ile at ! same "t ! scre5+ v9es furni% grateful %ade & no small degree ( beauty4 ,) a little pett+1 su* scatt]$ v9es are (t5 enorm\sly productive4 ,an occasional pail ( soapsuds gives !m a dr9k :i* ev5tually flu%es ! ?ickly hang+ clu/]s ) exquisite color4 ,p %\ld dismiss f _! m9ds ! usual me?od ( ,european cultivation1 :]e9 ! v9es are ti$ to %ort /akes1 & made to produce _! fruit ne> ! gr\nd4 ,?is me?od c be employ$ if we f9d pleasure 9 ! exp]im5t4 ,at ,mr4 ,full]'s place ,i saw f9e examples ( x4 ,/ubby v9es ) /ems ?ick z "o's wri/ rose ab\t ?ree feet f ! gr\nd1 !n bran*$ (f on e side1 l an umbrella1 ) loads ( fruit4 ,only "o support+ /ake 0 requir$4 ,?is me?od evid5tly is n adapt$ to our climate & species ( grape1 s9ce 9 t case pl5ty ( ke51 practical fruit-gr[]s w\ld h adopt$ x4 ,i am glad ?is is true1 = ! v9e-clad hills ( ,france d n pres5t half s pleas+ a spectacle z an ,am]ican cornfield4 ,! v9e is beautiful :5 gr[n z a v9e1 & n z a /ub2 & well-tra9$1 well-f$ v9es on ! ,home ,acre c be develop$ to almo/ any l5g? requir$1 %ad+ & hid+ ) gre5]y e unsightly object1 & hang+ _! f9e/ clu/]s f> beyond ! rea* ( ! pr$atory small boy4 ,we may n[ consid] ! v9es plant$ & gr[+ vigor\sly1 z !y w 9 mo/ in/ances if !y h be5 prep>$ = & plant$ accord+ to ! sugge/ions already giv54 ,n[ beg9s ! process ( guid+ & assi/+ ,nature4 ,left to h]self1 %e w give a sup]abundance ( v9e1 ) suffici5t fruit = purposes ( propagation & fe$+ ! birds4 ,our object is to obta9 ! maximum ( fruit f a m9imum ( v9e4 ,! little plant1 ev5 ?\gh gr[n f a s+le bud1 w sprawl all ov] ev]y?+ ne> x 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s1 if un*eck$4 ,prun+ may beg9 ev5 be=e midsumm] ( ! fir/ ye>4 ,! s+le gre5 %oot w by ?is "t beg9 to produce :at are t]m$ lat]als4 ,! c>eful cultivator :o wi%es to ?r[ all ! /r5g? & gr[? into ! ma9 %oot w p9* ^! lat]als back z soon z !y =m "o leaf4 ,ea* lat]al w />t aga9 f ! axil ( ! leaf t has be5 left1 & hav+ =m$ ano!r leaf1 %\ld aga9 be cut (f4 ,by repeat+ ?is process dur+ ! gr[+ season y h a /rong s+le cane by fall1 rea*+ probably beyond ! top ( ! support+ /ake4 ,9 our latitude ,i advise t ?is s+le cane--t is1 ! v9e--be cut back to )9 fifte5 in*es ( ! surface :5 ! leaves h fall5 & ! wood has well-rip5$--say ab\t ! middle ( ,novemb]--& t ! "p left be b5t ov] & cov]$ ) e>?4 ,:5 ,i say b5t ov]1 ,i d n mean at "r angles1 s z to admit ( ! possibility ( its be+ brok51 b g5tly & judici\sly4 ,i cov] ) e>? all my v9es1 except ! ,concords & ,isabellas1 j be=e h>d freez+ wea!r2 & ev5 ^! two h>dy k9ds ,i weight d[n close to ! gr\nd4 ,i h nev] fail$ to secure a crop f v9es s treat$4 ,two m5 w protect ov] a hundr$ v9es 9 a day4 ,9 e>ly ,april ! "y v9e is uncov]$ aga92 & n[ ! two upp]mo/ buds are all[$ to gr[ & =m two /rong canes1 in/ead ( "o1 & on ?is new gr[? f\r or five clu/]s ( grapes may be p]mitt$ to mature if ! v9e is vigor\s4 ,if x is feeble1 take (f all ! fruit1 ,& /imulate ! v9e into great] vigor4 ,our aim is n to obta9 half a doz5 inf]ior clu/]s z soon z possible1 b to produce a v9e t w ev5tually almo/ supply a family by itself4 ,if sev]al v>ieties h be5 plant$1 "s w be f\nd go+ ahead rampantly2 o!rs w exhibit a feebl] gr[?1 :i* c be ha/5$ & greatly increas$ by enri*+ ! surface ( ! soil ar\nd !m & by a pail ( soap-suds n[ & !n 9 ,may or ,june--b n lat]1 unless !re %\ld be a sev]e dr\ght4 ,!re %\ld be no ef=t to produce mu* gr[? dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! summ] & e>ly autumn1 = !n bo? ! wood & roots w be immature & unrip5$ :5 fro/ beg9s1 & ?us ! v9e receive injury4 ,= ?is reason x is usually be/ to apply f]tiliz]s to v9es 9 ! fall2 = if giv5 9 ! spr+1 a late1 unheal?ful gr[? is (t5 produc$4 ,?r\gh\t all subsequ5t ye>s manure mu/ be appli$ judici\sly4 ,y may tell ! hir$ man to top-dress ! gr\nd ab\t ! v9es1 & he w probably treat all alike2 a v9e t is already gr[+ s /rongly t x c sc>cely be kept )9 b\nds w receive z mu* z "o t is sl[ & feeble 9 its developm5t4 ,?is is worse ?an wa/e4 ,ea* v9e %\ld be treat$ 9 accordance ) its condition & habit ( gr[?4 ,:at w\ld be ?\ght ( a physician :o ord]$ a tonic = an entire family1 giv+ z mu* to "o :o might ne$ deplet+1 z to ano!r :o1 z c\ntry p say1 0 puny & ail9'8 ,) ev5 an assortm5t ( half a doz5 v>ieties we %all f9d aft] ! fir/ good />t t "s ne$ a curb1 & o!rs a spur4 ,/akes w answ] z supports to ! v9es dur+ ! fir/ & second seasons2 b !reaft] trellises or arbors are ne$$4 ,! latt] w probably be employ$ ov] ! c5tral walk ( ! g>d51 & may be con/ruct$ aft] sev]al simple & pretty designs1 :i* ,i leave to ! ta/e ( ! read]4 ,if v9es are plant$ ab\t build+s1 f5ces1 etc41 trellises may be made ( any?+ pref]r$--( galvaniz$ wire1 slats1 or ru/ic poles fa/5$ to /rong1 durable supports4 ,if v9es are to be tra9$ sci5tifically 9 ! op5 g>d51 ,i %\ld recomm5d ! trellises figur$ on pages #abj & #adb ( ,mr4 ,full]'s "w1 ,! ,grape ,culturi/4 ,^!1 beyond any?+ ,i h se51 appe> ! be/ adapt$ = ! foll[+ out ( a c>eful sy/em ( prun+ & tra9+4 ,su* a sy/em ,mr4 ,full] has ?or\ghly & lucidly expla9$ 9 ! above-nam$ book4 ,unless ! read] has _h exp]i5ce1 or is will+ to give "t = ! ma/]y ( ?is subject1 ,i %\ld advise t he employ an exp]i5c$ g>d5] to prune 8 v9es aft] ! second ye>4 ,x is a brief task1 b a great deal dep5ds ^u x4 ,9 select+ a man = ! "w ,i %\ld require some?+ m ?an exagg]at$ & p]sonal assurances4 ,9 e village !re are t]rible but*]s ( v9es & fruit-trees1 :o h "s crude sy/em ( _! own4 ,!y are z ignorant ( ! true sci5ce ( ! subject z a quack doctor ( m$ic9e1 &1 l ! disp5s] ( no/rums1 !y claim to be infallible4 ,skilful prun+ & tra9+ is really a f9e art1 :i* _c be le>n$ 9 a day or a ye>4 ,x is l a surgical op]ation1 requir+ b little "t1 yet repres5t+ mu* acquir$ skill & exp]i5ce4 ,9 almo/ e locality !re are tru/wor?y1 intellig5t g>d5]s1 :o w d ?is "w = a small sum until ! proprietor has le>n$ ! art himself1 if s incl9$4 ,i %\ld also employ ! same man 9 spr+ to tie up ! v9es & tra9 !m4 ,if "o is n ambiti\s to secure ! be/ results atta9able1 he c soon le>n to p]=m bo? ! tasks well en\gh to obta9 fairly good fruit 9 abundance4 ,x %\ld be our con/ant aim n to p]mit long1 nak$ rea*es ( wood1 9 "o "p ( ! v9e1 & great smo!r+ bun*es ( fruit & foliage 9 ano!r "p4 ,( c\rse ! roots1 /em1 & lead+ arms %\ld be kept free f useless %oots & spr\ts2 b hav+ rea*$ ! trellis1 ! v9e %\ld be made to di/ribute be>+ fruit-spurs ev5ly ov] x4 ,mu* c be le>n$ ab\t prun+ f books & by wat*+ an exp]t g>d5] :ile giv+ ! annual prun+2 b ! true sci5ce ( trimm+ a v9e is be/ acquir$ by wat*+ buds develop1 by not+ :at !y w d1 :]e !y g1 & h[ mu* space !y w take up 9 a s+le summ]4 ,9 ?is way "o w ev5tually realize h[ mu* is wrapp$ up 9 ! insignificant little buds1 & n[ great ! folly ( leav+ too _m on ! v9e4 ,9 my next *apt] ,i %all treat briefly ( ! propagation ( ! grape1 its insect enemies1 diseases1 etc42 & also ( "s o!r fruits4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,v9ey>d ,,& ,,or*>d ,he :o proposes to plant grape-v9es w sc>cely fail to take ! s5sible c\rse ( inspect+ ! v>ieties already produc+ fruit 9 8 locality4 ,f causes (t5 too obscure to be le>n$ ) c]ta9ty1 excell5t k9ds w prove to be well adapt$ to "o locality1 & fail 9 o!rs4 ,if1 !re=e1 :5 call+ on a neighbor dur+ ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 or ,octob]1 we are %[n a v9e produc+ fruit abundantly t is suit$ to our ta/e1 a v9e also :i* manife/s unmi/akable vigor1 we may be reasonably sure t x belongs to a v>iety :i* we %\ld h1 especially if x be gr[+ 9 a soil & exposure some:at simil> to our g>d5 plot4 ,a neighbor wor?y ( ! "n w be glad to give u a few cutt+s f 8 v9e at ! "t ( its annual prun+2 & )1 v little tr\ble we also may soon possess ! desir$ v>iety4 ,:5 ! v9e is trimm$1 ei!r make y\rself or h y\r fri5d make a few cutt+s ( s\nd wood f t season's gr[?4 ,ab\t eight in*es is a good l5g? = ^! v9e-slips1 & !y %\ld conta9 at lea/ two buds4 ,let ea* slip be cut (f smoo?ly j "u ! l[e/ bud1 & ext5d an in* or two above ! upp]mo/ bud4 ,if ^! cutt+s are obta9$ 9 ,novemb] or ,decemb]1 !y may be put into a little box ) "s ( ! moi/ soil ( ! g>d51 & buri$ 9 ! gr\nd bel[ ! usual fro/-l9e--say a foot or eighte5 in*es 9 our latitude4 ,! simple object is to keep !m 9 a cool1 ev5 temp]ature1 b n a fro/y "o4 ,e>ly 9 ,april dig up ! box1 op5 a tr5* 9 a moi/ b n wet "p ( ! g>d51 & ins]t ! cutt+s p]p5dicul>ly 9 ! soil1 s t ! upp] bud is cov]$ b>ely "o in*4 ,9 fill+ up ! tr5*1 press ! soil c>efully yet firmly ab\t ! cutt+s1 & spread ov] ! surface j ab\t !m a little f9e manure4 ,! cutt+s %\ld be a foot ap>t f ea* o!r 9 ! r[4 ,d n let ! gr\nd become dry ab\t !m at any "t dur+ ! summ]4 ,by fall ^! cutt+s w probably h ?r[n out an abundance ( roots1 & h made f two to ?ree feet ( v9e4 ,9 ?is case !y c be tak5 up & set out :]e !y are to fruit4 ,possibly b "o or two ( !m h />t$ vigor\sly4 ,! backw>d ones _h bett] be left to gr[ ano!r ye> 9 ! cutt+ b$4 ,probably we %all n wi% to cultivate m ?an "o or two v9es ( ! v>iety2 b x is j z easy to />t sev]al cutt+s z "o1 & by ?is c\rse we gu>d aga9/ failure1 & are able to select ! mo/ vigor\s plant = our g>d54 ,by tak+ good c>e ( ! o!rs we soon d]ive "o ( ! be/ pleasures :i* our acre c af=d--t ( giv+ to a fri5d some?+ :i* w enhance ! productiv5ess ( 8 acre1 & add to 8 enjoym5t = ye>s to come4 ,n only on our neighbor's gr\nds1 b also on our own we %all discov] t "s v>ieties are unusually vigor\s1 productive1 & well-adapt$ to our locality2 & we may v naturally wi% to h m v9es ( ! same sort1 especially if ! fruit is to our ta/e4 ,we c ei!r increase ?is k9d by cutt+s1 z has be5 describ$1 or we c lay] "p ( ! v9e t has won our approval by well-do+4 ,i %all take ! latt] c\rse ) sev]al delici\s v>ieties 9 my v9ey>d4 ,"s k9ds ( grapes d n root readily z cutt+s1 b !re is little *ance ( failure 9 lay]+4 ,?is process is simply ! lay+ d[n ( a bran* ( a v9e 9 e>ly spr+1 & cov]+ x lightly ) soil1 s t "s buds w be b5ea? ! surface1 & o!rs j at or a little above x4 ,^? b5ea? w =m roots1 ! o!rs %oots :i* by fall %\ld be good v9es = plant+4 ,e bud t c rea* ! air & light w />t upw>d1 & ?us !re may be a ?ick gr[? ( incipi5t v9es t w cr[d & enfeeble ea* o!r4 ,! probabilities are t only two or ?ree new v9es are want$2 !re=e all ! o!rs %\ld be rubb$ (f at ! />t1 s t ! /r5g? ( ! p>5t plant & ( ! new roots t are =m+ may g into ^? few %oots design$ to become ev5tually a "p ( our v9ey>d4 ,if we wi% only "o v9e1 !n b "o bud %\ld gr[ f ! lay]2 if two v9es1 !n two buds4 ,! few] buds t are p]mitt$ to gr[1 ! /rong] v9es !y make4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is lay]1 = ! great] "p ( ! gr[+ season1 is draw+ its su/5ance f ! p>5t plant1 to :i* x is /ill atta*$4 ,!re=e ! o!r bran*es ( ?is v9e ?us call$ ^u = unusual ef=t %\ld be p]mitt$ to fruit b sp>+ly4 ,we %\ld n injure & enfeeble ! orig9al v9e 9 ord] to get o!rs l x4 ,= ?is reason we advise t no m buds be p]mitt$ to gr[ f ! lay] ?an we actually ne$ ourselves4 ,to injure a good v9e & deprive ourselves ( fruit t we may h plants to give away1 is to love "o's neighbor bett] ?an "o's self--a ?+ p]mitt$1 b n requir$4 ,:5 our v9es are prun$1 we c make z _m cutt+s z we *oose1 ei!r to sell or give away4 ,! gr\nd 9 :i* a lay] is plac$ %\ld be v ri*1 & its surface r\nd ! "y gr[+ v9es always kept moi/ & free f we$s4 ,9 ! autumn1 aft] ! leaves h fall5 & ! wood is ripe & h>d1 cut (f ! lay]$ bran* close to ! v9e1 & ) a g>d5-=k g5tly & c>efully lift x1 ) all its roots & "y v9es atta*$1 out ( ! soil4 ,fir/ cut ! "y v9es back to ?ree or f\r buds1 !n sep>ate !m f ! bran* f :i* !y grew1 be+ sure to give ea* plant pl5ty ( roots1 & ! roots ,,back ( ! po9t f :i* x grew2 t is1 ^? roots ne>e/ ! p>5t plant f :i* ! bran* 0 lay]$4 ,all ! old wood ( ! bran* t is nak$1 free ( roots1 %\ld be cut (f4 ,! "y %oots ?us sep>at$ are n[ indep5d5t v9es1 & may be set out at once :]e !y are to fruit4 ,if y h a v>iety t does n d well1 or t y d n l1 dig x out1 enri* ! soil1 & put "o ( y\r favorites 9 its place4 ,we w n[ consid] briefly ! diseases & insect enemies ( ! grape4 ,a v9e way be doom$ to ill-heal? f its v situation4 ,mr4 ,hussman1 a grape-culturi/ ( great exp]i5ce & wide obs]vation1 writes3 ,^? localities may g5]ally be consid]$ safe = ! grape 9 :i* !re are no miasmatic influ5ces4 ,:]e mal>ia & fev]s prevail1 !re is no safety = ! crop1 z ! v9e seems to be z susceptible to su* influ5ces z human be+s4 ,tak+ ?is /atem5t lit]ally1 we may well ask1 ,:]e1 !n1 c grapes be gr[n8 ,accord+ to physicians1 mal>ia has become "o ( ! mo/ g5]ally diffus$ products ( ! c\ntry4 ,:5 a man ass]ts t x is n 9 8 locality1 we feel sure t if press$ he w admit t x is r\nd ! corn]4 ,c\ntry populations /ill survive1 h[ev]1 & s does grape-culture4 ,yet !re are l[-ly+ regions :i* f defective dra9age are di/9ctively &1 x w\ld almo/ seem1 hopelessly mal>ial4 ,9 su* localities b few v>ieties ( ! v9e w ?rive1 ,! p :o are compell$ to live !re1 or :o *oose to d s1 %\ld exp]im5t until !y obta9 v>ieties s h>dy & vigor\s t !y w triumph ov] ev]y?+4 ,! be/ c\rse ) grape-diseases is n to h !m2 9 o!r words1 to recognize ! fact at once t c]ta9 v>ieties ( ! grape w n ?rive & be productive ( good fruit unless ! soil & climate suit !m4 ,! proprietor ( ! ,home ,acre c usually le>n by a little inquiry or obs]vation :e!r grapes ?rive 9 8 locality4 ,if !re is mu* compla9t ( mildew1 grape-rot1 & g5]al feebl5ess ( gr[?1 he %\ld seek to plant only ! mo/ h>dy & vigor\s k9ds4 ,z ,i h said be=e1 our cultivat$ grapes are d]iv$ f sev]al native species f\nd gr[+ wild1 & "s n[ valu$ highly = w9e-mak+ are no?+ b wild grapes dome/icat$2 z1 = in/ance1 ,norton's ,virg9ia1 belong+ to ! oe/ivalis class4 ,! orig9al plant ( ?is v>iety 0 f\nd gr[+ ^u an isl& 9 ! ,potomac by ,dr4 ,norton1 ( ,virg9ia4 ,! species f :i* ! greate/ numb] ( well-kn[n grapes is obta9$ is ! ,vitis labrusca1 ! common wild or fox grape1 f\nd gr[+ 9 woods & ?ickets1 usually :]e ! gr\nd is moi/1 f ,canada to ! ,gulf4 ,! d>k purple b]ries1 av]ag+ ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 rip5 9 ,septemb]1 & !y conta9 a t\gh1 musky pulp4 ,yet ?is slip ( wild]ness is ! p>5t ( ! ref9$ ,catawba1 ! delici\s ,brighton1 & ! magnific5t :ite grape ,lady ,wa%+ton--inde$1 ( all ! black1 r$1 & :ite grapes ) :i* mo/ p are famili>4 ,our e>lie/ grapes1 :i* rip5 9 ,augu/1 z well z "s ( ! late/1 l ! ,isabella1 come f ! labrusca species4 ,x is said t ! labrusca class w n ?rive 9 ! extreme ,s\?2 & ) ! exception ( ! high m\nta9 slopes1 ?is appe>s reasonable to ! /ud5t ( ! v9e4 ,x is said t b few ( ?is class w endure ! long hot summ]s ( ,france4 ,b !re are great diff]5ces among ! v>ieties d]iv$ f ?is native species4 ,= example1 ! ,concord ?rives almo/ any:]e1 :ile ev5 "h ^u ! ,hudson we c sc>cely gr[ ! ,catawba ) c]ta9ty4 ,x is s good a grape1 h[ev]1 t ,i p]si/ 9 mak+ ! ef=t1 ) v>y+ success2 b ,i %\ld n recomm5d x1 or _m ( its class1 = ^? localities n specially suit$ to ! grape4 ,i w n[ "n a few v>ieties :i* h prov$ to be1 or promise to be1 ! mo/ ?rifty & productive :]eev] grapes c be gr[n at all ! labrusca class3 ,black--,concord1 ,wild]1 ,word51 ,am5ia1 ,e>ly ,canada1 ,telegraph or ,*ri/9e1 ,moore's ,e>ly4 ,r$-,wyom+1 ,goe!1 ,l9dley1 ,beauty1 ,brighton1 ,p]k9s 7pale r$71 & ,agawam4 ,:ite--,rebecca1 ,m>?a1 ,ali5's ,hybrid1 ,lady ,pockl+ton1 ,pr5tiss1 ,lady ,wa%+ton4 ,^! are all f9e grapes1 & !y h succe$$ ?r\gh\t wide areas ( c\ntry4 ,any & all are well wor? a trial2 b if ! gr[] f9ds t "s ( !m are weak & diseas$ 9 8 gr\nds1 ,i %\ld advise t he root !m out & replace !m ) ^? :i* ?rive4 ,! ,niag>a is highly prais$1 & may make good all t is claim$ = x4 ,( ! ae/ivalis class ,i c recomm5d ! ,cyn?iana & ! ,h]bemont1 or ,w>r51 = ! extreme ,s\?4 ,bo? ( !m are black4 ,!re are new v>ieties ( ?is vigor\s species :i* promise well4 ,! cordifolia species promises to furni% "s f9e1 h>dy1 & productive grapes1 ( :i* ! ,amb] is an example4 ,! ,elvira1 a pale yell[ grape1 is highly prais$ by ,mr4 ,hussman4 ,al?\gh ! ,bac*us is di/9ctively a w9e grape1 ,i h already said t its flavor1 :5 fully ripe1 0 agreeable to me4 ,! only difficulty 9 gr[+ x is to keep ! gr\nd poor1 & use ! prun+-knife freely4 ,i h enl>g$ on ?is po9t1 = ,i wi% to direct ! m9d ( ! read] to ! fact t !re are _m v h>dy grapes4 ,i congratulate ^? :o1 ) ! ta/e ( a connoisseur1 h m]ely to sample until !y f9d j ! v>ieties t suit !m1 & !n to plant ^! k9ds 9 _! g5ial soil & favor$ locality4 ,at ! same "t ,i %\ld l to prev5t o!rs f worry+ along ) unsatisfactory v>ieties1 or f rea*+ ! conclusion t !y c n gr[ grapes 9 _! region or g>d54 ,let !m r admit t !y c n raise "s k9ds1 b may o!rs4 ,if a v>iety 7 p]si/5tly diseas$1 feeble1 & unproductive "u good treatm5t1 ,i %\ld root x out r ?an cont9ue to nurse & coddle x4 ,:5 mildew & grape-rot fir/ appe>1 ! evil c (t5 be rem$i$ 9 "p by du/+ ! v9es ) sulphur1 & cont9u+ ! process until ! disease is cur$1 if x ev] is4 ,i h nev] _h occasion to d ?is1 & w n d x4 ,a v>iety t (t5 requires su* nurs+ 9 ?is favor$ locality %\ld be disc>d$4 ,!re is "o k9d ( disease1 or feebl5ess r1 to :i* we are subject ev]y:]e1 & f :i* few v>ieties are exempt4 ,x is ! same k9d ( weakness :i* w\ld be develop$ 9 a f9e s\nd horse if we drove him until he dropp$ d[n e "t we took him out4 ,cultivat$ v9es are s f> remov$ f _! natural conditions t !y w (t5 be> !mselves to dea?1 l a pea*-tree4 ,to p]mit ?is is a true in/ance ( av>ice ov]rea*+ itself2 or ! evil may result f ignorance or neglect4 ,close prun+ 9 autumn & ?9n+ out ! cr[d+ clu/]s soon aft] !y h =m$ is ! rem$y4 ,if a v9e _h be5 s enfeebl$1 ,i %\ld cut x back rigor\sly1 fe$ x well1 & p]mit x to be> v little fruit1 if any1 = a ye>4 ,( insect enemies we h ! phyllox]a ( bad em95ce1 :i* has s dismay$ ,europe4 ,! man :o c\ld discov] & pat5t an adequate rem$y 9 ,france might soon rival a ,ro?s*ild 9 8 weal?4 ,! rem$y abroad is also ours--to plant v>ieties :i* are phyllox]a-pro(1 or ne>ly s4 ,=tunately we h _m :i* defy ?is pe/if]\s little root-l\se1 & ,european v9e-gr[]s h be5 import+ !m by ! million4 ,!y are /ill us$ *iefly z /ocks on :i* to graft v>ieties ( ! v9if]a species4 ,9 ,cali=nia1 grapes ( ! v9if]a or ,european species are g5]ally cultivat$2 b ! phyllox]a is at its de/ructive "w among !m4 ,! w9e-grapes ( ! future ?r\gh\t ! _w may be develop$ f ! h>dy ce/ivalis & cordifolia classes4 ,9 _m localities1 ev5 9 ?is new l&1 v>ieties l ! ,delaw>e succumb to ?is sc\rge ( =eign v9ey>ds4 ,! aphis1 or plant-l\se1 sometimes attacks ! "y1 t5d] %oots ( ! v9e4 ,! mom5t !y appe>1 take (f ! %oot1 & cru% x on a bo>d ) ! foot4 ,leaf-roll]s1 ! grape-v9e sph9x1 & cat]pill>s 9 g5]al mu/ be caught by h& & kill$4 ,usually !y are n v num]\s4 ,! horrid little rose-*af]s or rose-bugs are sometimes v de/ructive4 ,our be/ c\rse is to take a bas9 ( wat] & j> !m (f into x--!y fall readily--& !n scald !m to dea?4 ,we may discov] lady-bugs--small r$ or yell[ & black beetles--among our v9es1 & _m p]sons1 ,i fe>1 w de/roy !m ) ! re/4 ,we %\ld take (f our hats to !m & wi% !m godspe$4 ,9 _! de/ruction ( aphides & ?rips !y are among our be/ fri5ds4 ,! camel-cricket is ano!r active de/roy] ( injuri\s insects4 ,:y d n our s*ools tea* a little practical natural hi/ory8 ,once1 :5 walk+ 9 ! ,catskills1 ,i saw ! burly driv] ( a /age-load ( ladies b\nd out ( 8 vehicle to kill a g>t]-snake1 ! pallid wom5 look+ on1 mean:ile1 z if ! e>? 7 be+ rid ( "s t]rible & v5om\s ?+4 ,!y ought to h kn[n t ! poor little reptile 0 z h>mless z "o ( _! own g>t]s1 & q z useful 9 its way4 ,e c\ntry boy & girl %\ld be taught to recognize all our help]s 9 our incessant fight ) insect enemies--a fight :i* mu/ be ma9ta9$ ) m organiz$ vigor & intellig5ce ?an at pres5t1 if horticulture is ev] to rea* its be/ developm5t4 ,wasps & hornets (t5 sw>m ab\t ! sweet & e>ly ripe v>ieties4 ,a wide-m\!d bottle p>tially fill$ ) molasses & wat] w entrap & dr[n great numb]s ( ^! ugly cu/om]s4 ,"s ( our favorite birds try our pati5ce n a little4 ,dur+ ! e>ly summ] ,i nev] we>i$ ( wat*+ ! musical orioles fla%+ ) _! bright hues 9 & out ( ! foliage ab\t ! h\se2 b :5 ! e>ly grapes 7 ripe1 !y took pay = _! music ) ! sang-froid ( a favorite prima donna4 ,on "o occasion ,i saw ?ree or f\r alight on a ,diana v9e1 & 9 five m9utes !y _h spoil$ a doz5 clu/]s4 ,if !y w\ld only take a bun* & eat x up clean1 "o w\ld readily %>e ) !m1 = !re w\ld be en\gh = all2 b ! da9ty little epicures puncture an indef9ite numb] ( b]ries1 m]ely tak+ a sip f ea*4 ,!n ! wasps & bees come along & f9i% ! clu/]s4 ,! c>d9al1 cat-bird1 & our unrivall$ song/] ! wood-?ru%1 all help !mselves 9 ! same wa/eful fa%ion4 ,"o c't %oot wood-?ru%es4 ,we %\ld almo/ z soon ?9k ( kill+ (f our ,nilssons1 ,nevadas1 & ,c>ys4 ,! only ?+ to d is to protect ! clu/]s2 & ?is c be accompli%$ 9 sev]al ways4 ,! mo/ exp$iti\s & satisfactory me?od is to cov] ! v9es ( e>ly grapes ) *eap mosquito nett+4 ,ano!r me?od is to make little bags ( ?is nett+ & inclose ea* clu/]4 ,la/ fall1 two ( my *ildr5 ti$ up _m hundr$s ( clu/]s 9 little pap] bags1 :i* c be procur$ at :olesale = a trifl+ sum4 ,! two l[] corn]s ( ! pap] bags %\ld be clipp$ (f to p]mit ! ra9 to pass freely ?r\gh !m4 ,clu/]s rip5 bett]1 la/ long] on ! v9e1 & acquire a m exquisite bloom & flavor 9 ?is retirem5t ?an if expos$ to light z well z to birds & wasps4 ,n ! fruit b ! foliage ( ! grape-v9e ne$s ! sun4 ,few ( ! e>ly grapes w keep long aft] be+ tak5 f ! v9e2 b "s ( ! lat] ones c be pres]v$ well into ! w9t] by putt+ !m 9 small boxes & /or+ !m :]e ! temp]ature is cool1 ev51 & dry4 ,"s ( ! w9e-grapes1 l ,norton's ,virg9ia1 w keep "u ^! conditions almo/ l w9t] apples4 ,"o ,octob] day ,i took a /one pot ( ! l>ge/ size & put 9 fir/ a lay] ( ,isabella grapes1 !n a d\ble ?ickness ( /raw pap]1 !n alt]nate lay]s ( grapes & pap]1 until ! pot 0 full4 ,a clo? 0 next pa/$ ov] ! /one cov]1 s z to make ! pot wat]-tight4 ,! pot 0 !n buri$ on a dry knoll bel[ ! rea* ( fro/1 & dug up aga9 on ,new ,ye>'s ,day4 ,! grapes look$ & ta/$ z if !y _h j be5 pick$ f ! v9e4 ,= ! my/]ies ( hybridiz+ & rais+ new se$l+s1 graft+1 hot-h\se & cold grap]y culture1 ! read] mu/ look 9 m ext5d$ works ?an ?is1 & to writ]s :o h _h exp]i5ce 9 ^! matt]s4 ,we %all next consid] ?ree fruits :i* ^u ! ,home ,acre may be reg>d$ z =m+ a natural gr\p-pea*es1 plums1 & raspb]ries1 if any "o expresses surprise t ! la/-nam$ fruit %\ld be giv5 ?is relation%ip1 ,i h m]ely to reply t ! raspb]ry ?rives 9 ! p>tial %ade produc$ by su* small trees z ! pea* & plum4 ,:]e !re is ne$ ( economy ( space x is well to take advantage ( ?is fact1 = b few products ( ! g>d5 give any satisfaction :5 cont5d+ ) roots bel[ & %ade above4 ,we h tak5 x = grant$ t "s grape-v9es w\ld be plant$ 9 ! two bord]s ext5d+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! g>d51 also t !re w\ld be spaces left :i* might be fill$ ) pea* & plum trees & small fl[]+ %rubs4 ,if !re is to be a good-siz$ p\ltry-y>d ^u ! acre1 we %\ld advise t plums be plant$ 9 t2 b we w speak ( ?is fruit lat]1 & n[ give our att5tion to t fruit :i* to ! ta/e ( _m is unrivall$--! pea*4 ,) ! exception ( ! /rawb]ry1 x is p]haps ! only fruit = :i* ,i pref] spr+ plant+4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i %\ld n hesitate to set out ! trees 9 autumn4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be good1 b n too highly f]tiliz$4 ,i pref] "y trees b "o ye> old f ! bud4 ,if set out 9 ! fall1 ,i %\ld m\nd up ! e>? eighte5 in*es ab\t !m1 to protect ! roots & /em1 & to keep ! tree firmly 9 ! soil4 ,) ?is precaution1 ,i am n sure b t fall plant+ has ! great] advantage1 except :5 ! climate is v sev]e & subject to great alt]nations4 ,plant ) ! same c>e & on ! same pr9ciples :i* h be5 already describ$4 ,if a c>eful sy/em ( prun+ is to be adopt$1 ! trees may be set out twelve feet ap>t2 b if !y are to be left to gr[ at w1 :i* ,i regret to say is ! usual practice1 !y %\ld be plant$ fifte5 feet f ea* o!r4 ,!re are _m good reasons :y ! common or*>d culture ( ! pea* %\ld n be adopt$ 9 ! g>d54 ,!re is no fruit m neglect$ & ill-treat$ ?an ! beautiful & delici\s pea*4 ,! trees are v *eap1 usually co/+ b a few c5ts ea*2 !y are b\ght by ! ?\s& f c>eless deal]s1 plant$ ) sc>cely ! att5tion giv5 to a cabbage-plant1 & too (t5 all[$ to be> !mselves to dea?4 ,! l&1 trees1 & cultivation co/ s little t "o good crop is expect$ to remun]ate = all outlay4 ,if m crops are obta9$1 !re is s mu* cle> ga94 ,"u ?is slov5ly treatm5t !re is1 ( c\rse1 rapid det]ioration 9 ! /am9a ( ! pea*4 ,pits & buds are tak5 f enfeebl$ trees = ! purpose ( propagation1 & s t5d5cies to disease are p]petuat$ & enhanc$4 ,little wond] t1 ! fatal malady1 ! yell[s1 has blight$ s _m hopes6 ,i hone/ly believe t millions ( trees h be5 sold 9 :i* ?is disease exi/$ f ! bud4 ,if f9e pea*es 7 br$ & propagat$ ) some?+ ( ! same c>e t is be/[$ on blood$ /ock1 ! results w\ld soon be proportionate4 ,g>d5]s abroad (t5 give m c>e to "o tree ?an hundr$s receive "h4 ,because ! pea* has gr[n s easily 9 our climate1 we h impos$ on its good-nature beyond ! limits ( endurance1 & consequ5tly x is n easy to get s\nd1 heal?ful trees t w be> ye> aft] ye> "u ! be/ ( treatm5t1 z !y did ) our fa!rs ) no c>e at all4 ,i %\ld look to m5 :o _h made a reputation = s5d+ out s\nd1 heal?ful /ock gr[n "u _! own eyes f pits & wood :i* !y "k to be free f disease4 ,d n try to save a few p5nies on ! fir/ co/ ( trees1 = ! probabilities are t su* economy w result 9 little m ?an ! yell[s4 ,9 l>ge or*>ds1 cultivat$ by horse-p[]1 ! /ems ( ! trees are usually f f\r to six feet high2 b 9 ! g>d5 ?is l5g? ( /em is n necess>y1 & ! trees c be gr[n z dw>f /&>ds1 ) /ems beg9n+ to bran* two feet f ! gr\nd4 ,a little /udy ( ! habit ( gr[? 9 ! pea* w %[ t1 to obta9 ! be/ results1 ! prun+-%e>s are almo/ z ess5tial z 9 ! case ( ! grape-v9e4 ,m ?an 9 any o!r fruit-tree1 ! sap t5ds /rongly t[>d ! ends ( ! %oots4 ,left to ,nature1 only ! t]m9al buds ( ^! w gr[ f ye> to ye>2 ! o!r buds l[] d[n on ! %oots fail & drop (f4 ,?us we soon h long nak$ rea*es ( unproductive wood1 or suck]-l spr\ts />t+ f ! b>k1 :i* are worse ?an useless4 ,our fir/ aim %\ld be to =m a r\nd1 op51 symmetrical head1 %ort5+ 9 ! %oots at lea/ "o-half ea* ye>1 & cutt+ out cross+ & int]lac+ bran*es4 ,= in/ance1 if we decide to gr[ our trees z dw>f /&>ds1 we %all cut back ! /ems at a po9t two feet f ! gr\nd ! fir/ spr+ aft] plant+1 & let b ?ree buds gr[1 to make ! fir/ ?ree or lead+ bran*es4 ,! foll[+ spr+ we %all cut back ! %oots t h =m$1 s z to make six lead+ bran*es4 ,!reaft] we %all cont9ue to cut out & back s z to ma9ta9 an op5 head = ! free circulation ( air & light4 ,to le>n ! importance ( rigor\s & c>eful prun+1 obs]ve ! %oots ( a vigor\s pea*-tree1 say ?ree or f\r ye>s old4 ,^! %oots or sprays are long & sl5d]1 l9$ ) fruit-buds4 ,y w (t5 f9d two fruit-buds toge!r1 ) a leaf-bud betwe5 !m4 ,if ! fruit-buds h be5 un9jur$ by ! w9t]1 !y w ne>ly all =m pea*es1 f> m ?an ! sl5d] spray c support or mature4 ,! sap w t5d to give ! mo/ support to all gr[? at ! end ( ! spray or bran*4 ,! probable result w be t y w h a score1 m or less1 ( pea*es t are little beyond sk9 & /ones4 ,by midsumm] ! brittle sprays w break1 or ! limbs split d[n at ! crot*es4 ,y may h myriads ( pea*es1 b none fit = m>ket or table4 ,?\s&s ( baskets are s5t to ,new ,york annually t d n pay ! exp5ses ( freight1 commission1 etc42 :ile ! or*>ds f :i* !y come are practically ru9$4 ,i _h two small trees f :i*1 "o autumn1 ,i sold t5 doll>s' wor? ( fruit4 ,!y yield$ m pr(it ?an is (t5 obta9$ f a hundr$ trees4 ,n[1 9 ! light ( ^! facts1 realize ! advantages secur$ by cutt+ back ! %oots or sprays s z to leave b ?ree or f\r fruit-buds on ea*4 ,! tree c probably mature ^! buds into l>ge1 beautiful pea*es1 & /ill ma9ta9 its vigor4 ,by ?is %ort5+-9 process y h less tree1 b m fruit4 ,! gr[? is direct$ & kept )9 prop] limits1 & ! tree pres]v$ = future usefulness4 ,?us ! pea*-trees ( ! g>d5 w n only furni% "s ( ! mo/ delici\s morsels ( ! ye>1 b also a v agreeable & light phase ( labor4 ,!y c be made pets :i* w amply repay all k9dness2 & ! att5tions !y mo/ appreciate1 /range to say1 are cutt+ & p9*+4 ,! prun+-%e>s 9 ,m>* & e>ly ,april c cut away =m+ burd5s :i* c\ld n be borne1 & p9*+ back dur+ ! summ] c ma9ta9 beauty & symmetry 9 gr[?4 ,:5 ! proprietor ( ! ,home ,acre has le>n$ f exp]i5ce to d ?is "w judici\sly1 8 trees1 l ! grape-v9es1 w af=d _m h\rs ( agreeable & heal?ful recreation4 ,if he reg>ds x z labor1 "o great1 melt+1 lusci\s pea* w repay him4 ,a small apple1 pe>1 or /rawb]ry usually has ! flavor ( a l>ge "o2 b a pea* to be _h 9 p]fection mu/ be fully matur$ to its limit ( gr[? on a heal?ful tree4 ,let no "o imag9e t ! %ort5+ 9 ( %oots recomm5d$ consi/s ( cutt+ ! "y sprays ev5ly all r\nd ! trees z "o w\ld %e> a h$ge4 ,x m ne>ly resembles ! prun+ ( ! v9e2 = ! pea*1 l ! v9e1 be>s its fruit only on ! "y wood ( ! previ\s summ]'s gr[?4 ,! aim %\ld be to h ?is "y be>+ wood di/ribut$ ev5ly ov] ! tree1 z %\ld be true ( a grape-v9e4 ,:5 ! trees are kept l[1 z dw>f /&>ds1 ! fruit is m )9 rea*1 & less liable to be bl[n (f by high w9ds4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 if ! trees prove heal?ful1 !y w get high en\gh up 9 ! _w4 ,not)/&+ ! rigor\s prun+ recomm5d$1 ! trees w (t5 ov]load !mselves2 & ?9n+ out ! "y pea*es :5 z l>ge z hickory nuts is almo/ imp]ative if we w\ld secure good fruit4 ,m5 ( exp]i5ce say t :5 a tree has set too mu* fruit1 if two-?irds ( x are tak5 (f :ile little1 ! rema9+ ?ird w measure & weigh m ?an w\ld ! entire crop1 & br+ ?ree times z mu* money4 ,9 flavor & beauty ! ga9 w c]ta9ly be m ?an d\ble4 ,?r\gh\t its entire gr[? & fruit+ life ! pea*-tree ne$s good cultivation1 & also a good b n ov]/imulat$ soil4 ,well-decay$ compo/ f ! c[-/able is probably ! be/ b>ny>d f]tiliz]4 ,wood-a%es are peculi>ly agreeable to ! con/itution ( ?is tree1 & t5d to ma9ta9 x 9 heal? & be>+ long aft] o!rs n s treat$ are dead4 ,i %\ld advise t half a peck be work$ 9 lightly e spr+ ar\nd ea* tree z f> z ! bran*es ext5d4 ,:5 enri*+ ! gr\nd ab\t a tree1 nev] heap ! f]tiliz] r\nd ! trunk1 b spread x ev5ly f ! /em outw>d z f> z ! bran*es rea*1 rememb]+ t ! head above is ! measure ( ! root ext5sion bel[4 ,air-slack$ lime is also useful to ! pea* 9 small quantities2 & s1 no d\bt1 w\ld be a little salt f "t to "t4 ,bone-meal is highly recomm5d$4 ,l o!r fruit-trees1 ! pea* does n ?rive on l[1 wet gr\nd1 & ! fruit-buds are mu* m apt to be w9t]-kill$ 9 su* localities4 ,a light1 w>m soil is reg>d$ z ! mo/ favorable4 ,( c\rse we c gr[ ?is fruit on espali]s1 z !y d abroad2 b !re are few localities :]e any advantage is to be d]iv$ f ?is c\rse4 ,9 our latitude ,i mu* pref] cool nor!rn exposures1 = ! reason t ! fruitbuds are kept dormant dur+ w>m spells 9 w9t]1 & s late 9 spr+ t !y escape injury f fro/4 ,alt]nate freez+ & ?aw+ is m h>mful ?an /eady cold4 ,! buds are seldom safe1 h[ev]1 at any "t :5 ! m]cury s9ks t5 or fifte5 degrees bel[ z]o4 ,z we h intimat$1 abuse ( ! pea*-tree has develop$ a fatal disease1 kn[n z ! yell[s4 ,x manife/s itself 9 yell[1 sickly foliage1 num]\s & feeble spr\ts along ! l>g] limbs & trunk1 & small mis]able fruit1 rip5+ prematurely4 ,i c almo/ ta/e ! yell[s 9 mu* ( ! fruit b\ght 9 m>ket4 ,"s reg>d ! disease z v contagi\s2 o!rs d n4 ,x is be/ to be on ! safe side4 ,if a tree is affect$ g5]ally1 dig x out by ! roots & burn x at once2 if only a bran* %[s evid5ce ( ! malady1 cut x (f well back1 & commit x to ! flames4 ,! only rem$y is to propagate f trees 9 s\nd heal? & vigor4 ,l ! apple1 ! pea*-tree is ev]y:]e subject to injury f a bor]1 nam$ exitiosa1 or ! de/ructive4 ,! eggs f :i* ^! little pe/s are hat*$ are laid by ! mo? dur+ ! summ] ^u ! /em ( ! tree v ne> ! root2 ! grubs bore ?r\gh ! out] b>k1 & dev\r ! inn] b>k & sap-wood4 ,=tunately !y soon reveal _! evil "w by ! ca/+s1 & by ! gum :i* exudes f ! hole by :i* !y ent]$4 ,!y c n d mu* h>m1 unless a tree is neglect$2 9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 !y w soon enfeeble1 & probably de/roy x4 ,:5 once )9 a tree1 bor]s mu/ be cut out ) a %>p-po9t$ knife1 c>efully yet ?or\ghly4 ,! w\nds f ! knife may be sev]e1 b ! ceaseless gnaw+ ( ! grub is fatal4 ,if ! tree has be5 lac]at$ to "s ext5t1 a pla/] ( moi/5$ clay or c[-manure makes a good salve4 ,keep+ ! bor]s out ( ! tree is f> bett] ?an tak+ !m out2 & ?is c be effect$ by wrapp+ ! /em at ! gr\nd--two in*es bel[ ! surface1 & five above--) /rong h>dw>e or %ea?+ pap]4 ,if ?is is ti$ tightly ab\t ! tree1 ! mo? _c lay its eggs ^u ! /em4 ,a neighbor ( m9e has us$ ?is protection n only on ! pea*1 b also on ! apple1 ) almo/ complete success4 ,( c\rse ! pe/s w try to f9d _! way "u x1 & x w\ld be well to take (f ! wrapp] occasionally & exam9e ! trees4 ,! pap] mu/ also be r5ew$ be=e x is s f> decay$ z to be valueless4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ also t ! bor] w attack ! trees f ! fir/ ye> ( life to ! end4 ,9 ord] to insure an unfail+ supply ( ?is delici\s fruit1 ,i %\ld advise t a few trees be set out e spr+4 ,! labor & exp5se are sc>cely great] ?an t be/[$ ^u a cabbage pat*1 & ! rew>d is m satisfactory4 ,= ?is latitude ! foll[+ *oice ( v>ieties w prove1 ,i ?9k1 a good "o3 ,e>ly ,alex&]1 ,e>ly ,elv]s1 ,pr9cess ( ,wales1 ,br&yw9e1 ,old ,mixon ,free1 ,/ump ! ,_w1 ,picquet's ,late1 ,craw=d's ,late1 ,m>y's ,*oice1 ,:ite ,free ,hea?1 ,salway1 & ,"l ,palm]/on4 ,if ! soil ( "o's g>d5 is /iff1 cold1 adhesive clay1 ! pea* w\ld succe$ mu* bett] budd$ or graft$ on plum-/ocks4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ fruit ,i h ev] se5 0 f se$l+s1 ! trees hav+ be5 gr[n f pits ( unusually good pea*es4 ,:ile ! autumn plant+ ( pits lightly 9 ! soil & p]mitt+ !m to develop into be>+ trees is a pleas+ & (t5 pr(itable amusem5t1 !re is no great probability t ! result w be desirable4 ,we he> ( ! occasional prizes won 9 ?is way1 b n ( ! _m failures4 ,by easy transition we pass to ! k9dr$ fruit ! plum1 :i* does n g5]ally receive ! att5tion x des]ves4 ,if "o has a soil suit$ to x--a heavy clay or loam--x c usually be gr[n v easily4 ,! fruit is s grateful to ! ta/e & useful to ! h\sekeep] t x %\ld be giv5 a fair trial1 ei!r 9 ! g>d5 bord]s or :]ev] a tree c be plant$ s z to secure pl5ty ( light & air4 ,! "y trees may be "o or two ye>s old f ! bud2 ,i %\ld pref] ! =m]1 if vigor\s4 ,nev] be induc$ to pur*ase old trees by promises ( spe$y fruit4 ,x is q possible y may nev] get any fruit at all f !m wor? m5tion+4 ,i %\ld all[ a space ( f t5 to fifte5 feet betwe5 ! trees :5 !y are plant$ toge!r1 & ,i %\ld cut !m back s t !y w\ld beg9 to bran* at two feet f ! gr\nd4 ,long1 nak$ /ems are subject to ! gum-disease4 ,9 ! place ( g5]al advice 9 reg>d to ?is fruit ,i %all give ! exp]i5ce ( ,mr4 ,t4 ,s4 ,=ce1 ( ,newburgh1 :o exhibit$ sev5ty v>ieties at ! la/ annual ,orange ,c\nty fair4 ,8 plum-or*>d is a l>ge p\ltry-y>d1 conta9+ half an acre1 ( :i* ! gr\nd is a good loam1 re/+ on a heavy clay subsoil4 ,he b\ght trees b "o ye> f ! bud1 set !m out 9 autumn1 & cut !m back s t !y began to =m _! heads at two feet f ! gr\nd4 ,he pref]s />t+ ) /rong "y plants ( ?is age1 & he did n p]mit !m to be> = ! fir/ ?ree ye>s1 8 primal aim be+ to develop a heal?y1 vigor\s tree ) a r\nd1 symmetrical head4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! gr\nd ab\t !m 0 kept mell[ by good cultivation1 &1 be+ ri* en\gh to />t )1 receiv$ no f]tiliz]s4 ,x is 8 belief t ov]-f]tilization t5ds to cause ! disease s well kn[n z ! black knot1 :i* has de/roy$ _m or*>ds 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,if ! g>d5 has be5 enri*$ z ,i h direct$1 ! soil w probably ne$ little1 if any?+1 f ! /ables1 & c]ta9ly w n if ! trees are gr[n 9 a p\ltry-y>d4 ,dur+ ?is gr[+ & =m+ p]iod ,mr4 ,=ce gave c>eful att5tion to prun+4 ,budd$ trees are n ev5 symmetrical gr[]s1 b t5d to s5d up a few v /rong %oots t rob ! re/ ( ! tree ( su/5ance4 ,( c\rse ^! mu/ be cut well back 9 e>ly spr+1 or we h long1 nak$ rea*es ( wood & a de=m$ tree4 ,x is f> bett]1 h[ev]1 n to let ^! rampant %oots gr[ to maturity1 b to p9* !m back 9 e>ly summ]1 ?us caus+ !m to ?r[ out side-bran*es4 ,by summ] p9*+ & rubb+ (f ( t5d] %oots a tree c be made to gr[ 9 any %ape we desire4 ,:5 ! trees receive no summ] prun+1 ,mr4 ,=ce advises t ! bran*es be %ort5$ 9 at lea/ "o half 9 ! spr+1 :ile "s %oots are cut back ev5 m rigor\sly4 ,at ! age ( f\r or five ye>s1 accord+ to ! vigor ( ! trees1 he p]mits !m to be>4 ,n[ cultivation ceases1 & ! gr\nd is left to gr[ h>d1 b n we$y or grassy1 b5ea? ! b\ghs4 ,e spr+1 j z ! blossoms are fall+1 he spreads ev5ly "u ! bran*es f\r qu>ts ( salt4 ,:ile ! trees ?rive & gr[ fruitful ) ?is f]tiliz]1 ! curculio1 or plum-weevil1 does n appe> to f9d x at all to its ta/e4 ,z a result ( 8 me?ods1 ,mr4 ,=ce has gr[n l>ge & pr(itable crops1 & 8 trees 9 ! ma9 are kept heal?y & vigor\s4 ,8 rem$y = ! black knot is to cut (f & burn ! small b\ghs & twigs affect$4 ,if ! disease appe>s 9 ! side ( a limb or 9 ! /em1 he cuts out all trace ( x1 & pa9ts ! w\nd ) a wa% ( gum %ellac & alcohol4 ,trees load s heavily t ! plums re/ aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,y w (t5 f9d 9 moi/ w>m wea!r decay+ specim5s4 ,^! %\ld be remov$ at once1 t ! infection may n spread4 ,9 cutt+ out ! int]f]+ b\ghs1 d n take (f ! %>p-po9t$ spurs :i* are =m+ along ! bran*es1 = on ^! are sl[ly matur+ ! fruit-buds4 ,9 ?is case1 z 9 o!rs1 ! c>eful obs]v]1 aft] he has acquir$ a few s\nd pr9ciples ( action to />t )1 is taught m by ! tree itself ?an f any o!r s\rce4 ,mr4 ,=ce recomm5ds ! foll[+ t5 v>ieties1 nam$ 9 ! ord] ( rip5+3 ,canada2 ,orleans1 a r$-*eek$ plum2 ,mc,laughlin1 gre5i%1 ) p9k *eek2 ,brad%aw1 l>ge r$1 ) lilac bloom2 ,smi?'s ,orleans1 purple2 ,gre5 ,gage2 ,bleek]'s ,gage1 gold5 yell[2 ,prune d',ag51 purple2 ,coe's ,gold5 ,drop2 & ,%rop%ire ,damson = pres]ves4 ,if we are re/rict$ to v light soils1 we %all probably h to gr[ "s ( ! native v>ieties1 ( ! ,canada & ,wild-,goose type4 ,9 reg>d to bo? ?is fruit & pea*es we %\ld be guid$ 9 our selection by in=mation respect+ v>ieties peculi>ly suit$ to ! region4 ,! next *apt] w treat ( small fruits1 beg9n+ ) ! raspb]ry4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,raspb]ry ,! wide & favorable consid]ation giv5 to small fruits cle>ly m>ks "o ( ! *anges 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,?is *ange may seem trifl+ inde$ to ! dignifi$ *ronicl]s ( k+s & que5s & o!rs ( high desc5t--great desc5t1 x may be add$1 rememb]+ ! moral dep?s atta9$2 b to ^? :o c>e = ! welf>e ( ! p1 x is a mutation ( no slight int]e/4 ,i am glad to ?9k1 z has be5 %[n 9 a rec5t novel1 t ,lucrezia ,borgia 0 n s black z %e has be5 pa9t$2 yet 9 ! e>ly days ( ,june & ,july1 :5 /rawb]ries & raspb]ries are rip5+1 ,i fancy t mo/ ( u c dismiss h] & h] k9 f m9d z we obs]ve ,nature's al*emy 9 our g>d5s4 ,:5 we ?9k ( ! lusci\s1 heal?-imp>t+ fruits :i* w grace millions ( tables1 & rememb] t until rec5t ye>s !y 7 conspicu\s only by _! abs5ce1 we may n slight+ly e/imate a great *ange = ! bett]4 ,once ^! fruits 7 wild+s :i* ! va/ majority ( our =efa!rs %>$ sp>+ly ) ! birds4 ,(t5 /ill1 unless we are c>eful1 our %>e w be small inde$2 = ! unp]v]t$ ta/e ( ! birds discov]$ f ! fir/ :at m5 h be5 s sl[ to le>n--t ! ruby-l b]ries are ! gems be/ wor? seek+4 ,! _w is c]ta9ly progress+ t[>d physical r$emption :5 ev5 ! ,iri% labor] abridges 8 cabbage-pat* = ! sake ( small fruits--food :i* a da9ty ,ariel c\ld n despise4 ,we h said t raspb]ries ?rive 9 p>tial %ade2 & !re=e "s advice 9 reg>d to !m naturally foll[s our consid]ation ( trees4 ,because ! raspb]ry is n s exact+ z are _m o!r products ( ! g>d51 x does n foll[ t x %\ld be m>k$ out = neglect4 ,z x is treat$ on _m places1 ! only wond] is t ev5 ! bu%es survive4 ,l _m :o try to d _! be/ 9 adv]sity1 x makes ! mo/ ( :at p t]m a *ance to get ahead4 ,moreov]1 ! raspb]ry is p]haps z (t5 injur$ by mi/ak5 k9dness z by neglect4 ,if we c imag9e x speak+ = itself1 x w\ld say3 ,x is n mu* t ,i want1 b 9 ! "n ( common-s5se & nature give me j :at ,i d want2 !n y may pick at me to y\r he>t's cont5t4 ,! fir/ ne$ ( ! raspb]ry is a well-dra9$ b n a v dry1 light soil4 ,yet su* is its adaptability t c]ta9 v>ieties c be gr[n on any l& :i* w produce a burdock or a mulli5-/alk4 ,9 fact1 ?is "q ( v>iety *iefly det]m9es our *ances ( success & ! nature ( our treatm5t ( ! fruit4 ,! read]1 at ! />t1 %\ld be enabl$ to di/+ui% ! ?ree classes ( raspb]ries gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,z 0 true ( grapes1 our fa!rs fir/ endeavor$ to supply _! g>d5s f =eign nurs]ies1 neglect+ ! wild species ) :i* our woods & roadsides ab\nd$4 ,! raspb]ry ( ,europe 7,rubus idaeus7 has be5 develop$1 & 9 _m in/ances enfeebl$1 by ages ( cultivation4 ,nev]!less1 few o!r fruits h %[n equal p[] to adapt !mselves to our soil & climate1 & we h obta9$ f =eign s\rces _m valuable k9ds--z1 = in/ance1 ! ,antw]p1 :i* = weeks toge!r annually tax$ ! c>ry+ p[] ( ,hudson ,riv] /eam]s4 ,9 quality ^! =eign k9ds h nev] be5 surpass$2 b almo/ inv>iably !y h prov$ t5d] & fa/idi\s1 ?riv+ well 9 "s localities1 & fail+ utt]ly 7except "u ! mo/ skilful c>e7 9 o!rs4 ,! fro/s ( ! ,nor? kill$ !m 9 w9t]1 & ,s\!rn suns %rivell$ _! foliage 9 summ]4 ,!re=e !y 7 n raspb]ries = ! million1 b = ^? :o resid$ 9 favor$ regions1 & 7 will+ to be/[ ^u !m mu* c>e & high culture4 ,ev5tually ano!r process began1 tak+ place ei!r by *ance or "u ! skilful manipulation ( ! g>d5]--t ( hybridiz+1 or cross+ ^! =eign v>ieties ) our h>di] native species4 ,! be/ results h be5 atta9$ m frequ5tly1 ,i ?9k1 by *ance2 t is1 ! bees1 :i* get m honey f ! raspb]ry ?an f mo/ o!r plants1 c>ri$ ! poll5 f a native fl[] to ! blossom ( ! g>d5 exotic4 ,! se$s ( ! fruit ev5tually produc$ 7 end[$ ) *>act]i/ics ( bo? ! =eign & native /ra9s4 ,occasionally ^! se$s fell :]e !y _h a *ance to gr[1 & s produc$ a =tuit\s se$l+ plant :i* soon matur$ into a be>+ bu%1 diff]+ f1 bo? ( its p>5ts1 & n infrequ5tly surpass+ bo? 9 good qualities4 ,"s "o horticulturally incl9$ hav+ obs]v$ ! unusually f9e fruit on ! *ance plant1 & believ+ t x is a good plan to help ! fitte/ to survive1 m>k$ ! bu%1 & 9 ! autumn transf]r$ x to 8 g>d54 ,x spe$ily propagat$ itself by suck]s1 or "y spr\ts f ! roots1 & he _h plants to sell or give away4 ,su*1 ,i believe1 0 ! hi/ory ( ! ,cu?b]t--nam$ aft] ! g5tleman :o f\nd x1 & n[ probably ! favorite raspb]ry ( ,am]ica4 ,?us =tuit\sly1 or by ! skill ( ! g>d5]1 ! =eign & our native species 7 cross$1 & a new & h>di] class ( v>ieties obta9$4 ,! l>ge size & ri*ness 9 flavor ( ! ,european b]ry has be5 br$ into & comb9$ ) our small] & m insipid indig5\s fruit4 ,by ?is process ! area ( successful raspb]ry culture has be5 ext5d$ almo/ indef9itely4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s a ?ird /ep =w>d has be5 tak54 ,"s localities & soils 7 s unsuit$ to ! raspb]ry t no v>iety conta9+ ev5 a small p]c5tage ( ! =eign elem5t c\ld ?rive4 ,?is fact l$ fruit-gr[]s to give /ill clos] att5tion to our native species4 ,wild bu%es 7 f\nd "h & !re :i* gave fruit ( su* good quality & 9 su* l>ge quantities t !y 7 deem$ well wor?y ( cultivation4 ,_m ( ^! wild specim5s accept$ cultivation gratefully1 & %[$ su* m>k$ improvem5t t !y 7 h]ald$ ov] ! l& z ( wond]ful & surpass+ value4 ,"s ( ^! pure1 unmix$ v>ieties ( our native species 7,rubus /rigosus7 h obta9$ a wide celebrity2 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,br&yw9e1 ,highl& ,h>dy1 &1 be/ ( all1 ! ,turn]4 ,x %\ld be di/9ctly und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t1 ) ! exception ( ! la/-nam$ k9d1 ^! native v>ieties are decid$ly inf]ior to mo/ ( ! =eign b]ries & _! hybrids or crosses1 l ! ,cu?b]t & ,m>lboro4 ,?\s&s h be5 misl$ by _! praise1 & h plant$ !m :5 !y might j z easily h gr[n f> bett] k9ds4 ,i suppose t _m weal?y p]sons 9 ! latitudes ( ,new ,york & ,bo/on h told _! g>d5]s 7or m probably 7 told by !m73 ,we d n wi% any ( ^? wild k9ds4 ,br9ckle's ,orange1 ,franconia1 & ! ,antw]p are good en\gh = u4 ,s !y %\ld be1 = !y are ! be/2 b !y are all =eign v>ieties1 & sc>cely w live at all1 mu* less be productive1 9 wide areas ( ! c\ntry4 ,i tru/ t ?is prelim9>y discussion 9 reg>d to r$ raspb]ries w prep>e ! way = ! advice to foll[1 & enable ! proprietor ( ! ,home ,acre to act intellig5tly4 ,s5sible m5 d n l to be told1 ,y _c d ?is1 & mu/ n d t--9 o!r words1 to be met ! mom5t !y /ep into _! g>d5s by ! arbitr>y dictum ( ,a1 ,b1 or ,c4 ,!y wi% to unite ) ,nature 9 produc+ c]ta9 results4 ,und]/&+ h] simple laws1 !y "w hopefully1 confid5tly2 & !y _c be impos$ ^u by ^? :o ei!r witt+ly or unwitt+ly give bad advice4 ,hav+ expla9$ ! natural pr9ciples on :i* ,i base my directions1 ,i c expect ! read] to foll[ ea* /ep ) ! prospect ( success & enjoym5t mu* enhanc$4 ,! "q fir/ aris+ is1 ,:at %all we plant8 ,z be=e1 ,i %all give ! selection ( em95t au?orities1 !n sugge/ to ! read] ! re/rictions "u :i* he %\ld make a *oice = 8 own peculi> soil & climate4 ,dr4 ,f4 ,m4 ,hexam]1 ! well-kn[n editor ( a lead+ horticultural j\rnal1 is recogniz$ ?r\gh\t ! l& z hav+ few1 if any1 sup]iors 9 rec5t & practical acqua9tance ) small fruits4 ,! foll[+ is 8 selection3 ,cu?b]t1 ,turn]1 & ,m>lboro4 ,! ,hon4 ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild]'s *oice3 ,br9ckle's ,orange1 ,franconia1 ,cu?b]t1 ,h]/9e1 ,%aff]4 ,! ,hon4 ,norman ,j4 ,colman1 ,commission] ( ,agriculture3 ,turn]1 ,m>lboro1 ,cu?b]t4 ,p4 ,j4 ,b]ckmans1 ( ,georgia3 ,cu?b]t1 ,hansel1 ,lo/ ,rubies1 ,imp]ial ,r$4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full]3 ,turn]1 ,cu?b]t1 ,hansel4 ,9 analyz+ ?is li/ we f9d ?ree di/9ctly =eign k9ds nam$3 ! ,orange1 ,franconia1 & ,h]/9e4 ,if ! la/ is n :olly ( =eign orig91 ! elem5t ( our native species ent]s into x s slightly t x w n endure w9t]s 9 our latitude1 or ! summ] sun ( ! ,s\?4 ,= excell5ce1 h[ev]1 x is unsurpass$4 ,9 ! ,cu?b]t1 ,m>lboro1 & ,lo/ ,rubies we h hybrids ( ! =eign & our native species1 =m+ ! second class ref]r$ to2 9 ! ,turn] & ,hansel1 examples ( our native species unmix$4 ,to ea* ( ^! classes might be add$ a score ( o!r v>ieties :i* h be5 m or less popul>1 b !y w\ld s]ve only to di/ract ! read]'s att5tion4 ,i h te/$ =ty or fifty k9ds side by side at "o "t1 only to be %[n t f\r or five v>ieties w\ld answ] all practical purposes4 ,i c assure ! read]1 h[ev]1 t x w be sc>cely possible to f9d a soil or climate :]e "s ( ^! approv$ sorts w n ?rive abundantly & at slight outlay4 ,?r\gh\t s\!rn ,new ,engl&1 along ! bank ( ! ,hudson1 & we/w>d1 almo/ any raspb]ry c be gr[n ) prop] treatm5t4 ,!re are exceptions1 :i* are some:at curi\s4 ,= in/ance1 ! fam\s ,hudson ,riv] ,antw]p1 :i* until )9 a v few ye>s has be5 "o ( ! great crops ( ! ,/ate1 has nev] be5 gr[n successfully to any ext5t except on ! we/ bank ( ! riv]1 & )9 ! limit$ area ( ,k+/on on ! nor? & ,cornwall on ! s\?4 ,! ,franconia1 ano!r =eign sort1 has prov$ itself adapt$ to m ext5d$ conditions ( soil & climate4 ,i h gr[n successfully ne>ly e well-kn[n raspb]ry1 & p]haps ,i c be/ give ! in/ruction ,i desire to convey by describ+ ! me?ods f9ally adopt$ aft] _m ye>s ( obs]vation1 read+1 & exp]i5ce4 ,i w speak ( ! class fir/ nam$1 belong+ to ! =eign species1 ( :i* ,i h te/$ _m v>ieties4 ,i expect to set out ?is ye> r[s ( ,br9ckle's ,orange1 ,franconia1 ,hudson ,riv] ,antw]p1 & o!rs4 ,= ?is class ,i %\ld make ! gr\nd v ri*1 deep1 & mell[4 ,i %\ld pref] to set out ! plants 9 ! autumn--f ! middle ( ,octob] to ! t5? ( ,novemb]2 if n !n1 9 e>ly spr+--! e>li] ! bett]--:ile ! buds are dormant4 ,i %\ld h ! r[s f\r feet ap>t2 & if ! plants 7 to be gr[n among ! small] fruit-trees1 ,i %\ld ma9ta9 a di/ance f !m ( at lea/ sev5 feet4 ,i %\ld use only "y plants1 ^? ( ! previ\s summ]'s gr[?1 & set !m 9 ! gr\nd ab\t z deeply z !y /ood :5 tak5 up--say ?ree or f\r in*es ( e>? above ! po9t f :i* ! roots bran*$4 ,i %\ld put two well-root$ plants 9 ea* hill1 & ?is w\ld make ! hills f\r feet ap>t ea* way4 ,by hills ,i d n mean elevations ( gr\nd4 ,?is %\ld be kept level ?r\gh\t all future cultivation4 ,i %\ld cut back ! canes or /ems ( ! plants to six in*es4 ,?\s&s ( plants are lo/ or put back 9 _! gr[? by leav+ two or ?ree feet ( ! canes to gr[ ! fir/ ye>4 ,nev] d ?is4 ,! little fruit ga9$ ?us prematurely always entails a hundr$-fold ( loss4 ,hav+ set out ! plants1 ,i %\ld next scatt] ov] & ab\t !m "o or two %ovelfuls ( old compo/ or decay$ manure ( "s k9d4 ,if ! plants _h be5 set out 9 ! fall1 ,i %\ld m\nd ! e>? ov] !m be=e freez+ wea!r1 s t !re %\ld be at lea/ f\r in*es ( soil ov] ! tops ( ! /ems4 ,?is little m\nd ( e>? ov] ! plants or hill w\ld protect aga9/ all injury f fro/4 ,9 ! spr+ ,i %\ld remove ^! m\nds ( e>? s z to leave ! gr\nd p]fectly level on all sides1 & ! %ort5$ canes project+1 z at fir/1 six in*es above ! surface4 ,dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! spr+ & summ] ! soil betwe5 ! plants *iefly requires to be kept op51 mell[1 & free f we$s4 ,9 us+ ! hoe1 be c>eful n to cut (f ! "y raspb]ry spr\ts1 on :i* ! future crop dep5ds4 ,d n be disappo9t$ if ! gr[? seems feeble ! fir/ ye>1 = ^! =eign k9ds are (t5 sl[ 9 />t+4 ,9 ,novemb]1 be=e !re is any dang] ( ! gr\nd freez+1 ,i %\ld cut back ! "y canes at lea/ "o-?ird ( _! l5g?1 b5d !m g5tly d[n1 & cov] !m ) e>? to ! dep? ( f\r or five in*es4 ,x mu/ be di/9ctly rememb]$ t v few ( ! =eign k9ds w\ld endure our w9t] unprotect$4 ,e autumn !y mu/ be cov]$ z ,i h direct$4 ,is any "o agha/ at ?is labor8 ,nons5se6 ,antw]ps are cov]$ by ! acre along ! ,hudson4 ,a man & a boy w\ld cov] 9 an h\r all t are ne$$ = a g>d54 ,aft] ! fir/ ye> ! =eign v>ieties1 l all o!rs1 w s5d up too _m spr\ts1 or suck]s4 ,unless new plants are want$1 ^! %\ld be treat$ z we$s1 & only f ?ree to five "y canes be left to gr[ 9 ea* hill4 ,?is is a v important po9t1 = too (t5 ! raspb]ry-pat* is neglect$ until x is a mass ( tangl$ bu%es4 ,keep ?is simple pr9ciple 9 m9d3 !re is a giv5 am\nt ( root-p[]2 if ?is _c be exp5d$ 9 mak+ "y spr\ts all ov] ! gr\nd1 x goes to produce a few /rong fruit-be>+ canes 9 ! hill4 ,9 o!r words1 y re/rict ! :ole =ce ( ! plant to ! precise "w requir$--! giv+ ( b]ries4 ,z ! orig9al plants gr[ old]1 !y w %[ a con/antly decreas+ t5d5cy to ?r[ up new %oots1 b z long z !y cont9ue to gr[1 let only ^? survive :i* are design$ to be> ! foll[+ season4 ,! canes ( cultivat$ raspb]ries are bi5nial4 ,a "y & 9 mo/ v>ieties a fruitless cane is produc$ 9 "o season2 x be>s 9 ,july ! second ye>1 & !n its usefulness is ov]4 ,x w cont9ue to live 9 a half-dy+ way until fall1 b x is a useless & unsightly life4 ,i "k t x is cont5d$ by "s t ! foliage on ! old canes aids 9 n\ri%+ ! plants2 b ,i ?9k t1 "u all ord9>y circum/ances1 ! leaves on ! "y gr[? are abundantly suffici5t4 ,by remov+ ! old canes aft] !y h borne _! fruit1 an aspect ( neatness is imp>t$1 :i* w\ld be conspicu\sly abs5t 7 !y left4 ,e autumn1 be=e lay+ ! canes d[n1 ,i %\ld %ort5 !m 9 "o-?ird4 ,! rema9+ two-?irds w give m fruit by actual measurem5t1 & ! b]ries w be f9] & l>g]1 ?an if ! canes 7 left intact4 ,f fir/ to la/ ! soil ab\t ! =eign v>ieties %\ld be ma9ta9$ 9 a high degree ( f]tility & mell[ness4 ,( manures f ! b>ny>d1 t f ! c[-/able is ! be/2 wood-a%es1 bone-du/1 & decay$ leaves also are excell5t f]tiliz]s4 ,dur+ all ?is p]iod ! p>tial %ade ( small trees w be b5eficial r ?an o!rwise1 = x %\ld be rememb]$ t %elt]$ localities are ! natural habitat ( ! raspb]ry4 ,by a little inquiry ! read] c le>n :e!r v>ieties ( ! =eign class are gr[n successfully 9 8 vic9ity4 ,if !y are1 he c raise !m also by foll[+ ! directions :i* h be5 giv54 ,br9ckle's ,orange--a buff-color$ b]ry--is c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ beautiful1 delicate1 & delici\s fruits 9 exi/5ce1 & is well wor? all ! c>e x requires 9 ! regions :]e x w gr[2 :ile ! ,franconia & o!rs %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to die out by fruit connoisseurs4 ,if ! soil ( y\r g>d5 is light & s&y1 or if y live mu* s\? ( ,new ,york1 ,i %\ld n advise _! trial4 ,!y may be gr[n f> to ! nor?1 h[ev]4 ,i am told t t5d] v>ieties ( fruits t c be cov]$ ?rive ev5 bett] 9 ,canada ?an ) u4 ,!re deep sn[ protects ! l&1 & 9 spr+ & autumn !y d n h long p]iods :5 ! b>e e>? is alt]nately freez+ & ?aw+4 ,9 ! second class ( raspb]ries1 ! crosses betwe5 ! =eign & native species1 we n[ h su* f9e v>ieties t no "o has mu* cause = regret if he c raise !m2 & ,i sc>cely see h[ he c help rais+ !m if he has suffici5t en]gy to set out a few plants & keep !m free f we$s & sup]abundant suck]s4 ,take ! ,cu?b]t1 = in/ance2 y may set x out almo/ any:]e1 & 9 almo/ any latitude except t ( ! extreme ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,b y mu/ rev]se ! conditions requir$ = ! =eign k9ds4 ,if ! gr\nd is v ri*1 ! canes w ?reat5 to gr[ out ( sight4 ,i advise t ?is /rong-gr[+ sort be plant$ 9 r[s five feet ap>t4 ,any ord9>y soil is good en\gh = ! ,cu?b]t to />t 91 & ! plants w ne$ only a mod]ate degree ( f]tiliz+ z !y beg9 to lose a little ( _! fir/ vigor4 ,( c\rse1 if ! gr\nd is unusually light & poor1 x %\ld be enri*$ & ma9ta9$ 9 a fair degree ( f]tility4 ,! po9t ,i wi% to make is t ?is v>iety w ?rive :]e mo/ o!rs w\ld />ve2 b !re is pl5ty ( l& on :i* any?+ w />ve4 ,! ,cu?b]t is a l>ge1 late b]ry1 :i* cont9ues long 9 be>+1 & is des]v+ ( a place 9 e g>d54 ,i h gr[n x = _m ye>s1 & h nev] giv5 x any protection :atev]4 ,occasionally !re comes a w9t] :i* kills ! canes to ! gr\nd4 ,i %\ld p]haps expla9 to ! read] "h t ev5 9 ! case ( ! t5d] =eign k9ds x is only ! canes t are kill$ by ! fro/2 ! roots bel[ ! surface are un9jur$1 & ?r[ up vigor\s spr\ts ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! ,cu?b]t is s ne>ly h>dy t we let x take its *ances1 & probably 9 eight w9t]s out ( t5 x w\ld /& unh>m$4 ,its h>d9ess is greatly enhanc$ :5 gr[n on well-dra9$ soils4 ,x n[ has a companion b]ry 9 ! ,m>lboro--a v>iety b rec5tly introduc$1 & !re=e n ?or\ghly te/$ z yet4 ,its promise1 h[ev]1 is v f9e1 & x has secur$ ! /rong yet qualifi$ approval ( ! be/ fruit critics4 ,x requires ri*] soil & bett] treatm5t ?an ! ,cu?b]t1 & x rema9s to be se5 :e!r x is equally h>dy4 ,x is well wor? w9t] protection if x is n4 ,x is n a suitable b]ry = ! home g>d5 if no o!r is gr[n1 = ! reason t x matures its entire crop )9 a brief "t1 & ?us w\ld give a family b a %ort season ( raspb]ries4 ,cultivat$ 9 connection ) ! ,cu?b]t1 x w\ld be admirable1 = x is v e>ly1 & w\ld produce its fruit be=e ! ,cu?b]ts 7 ripe4 ,unit$ly ! two v>ieties w\ld give a family six weeks ( raspb]ries4 ,!re are scores ( o!r k9ds 9 ?is class1 & "s are v good inde$1 well wor? a place 9 an amateur's collection2 b ! two already nam$ are suffici5t to supply a family ) excell5t fruit4 ,( ! ?ird class ( r$ raspb]ries1 repres5t+ our pure native species1 ,i %\ld recomm5d only "o v>iety--! ,turn]2 & t is s good t x des]ves a place 9 e collection4 ,x c]ta9ly is a rem>kable raspb]ry1 & has an unusual hi/ory1 :i* ,i h giv5 9 my "w ,success ) ,small ,fruits4 ,i d\bt :e!r !re is a h>di] raspb]ry 9 ,am]ica--"o t c be gr[n s f> to ! nor?1 &1 :at is /ill m 9 its favor1 s f> to ! s\?4 ,9 ! latt] region x is kn[n z ! ,s\!rn ,?ornless4 ,! fact t x is almo/ :olly )\t sp9es is a good quality2 b x is only "o among _m o!rs4 ,! ,turn] requires no w9t] protection :atev]1 w gr[ on almo/ any soil 9 exi/5ce1 & 9 almo/ any climate4 ,x yields abundantly m$ium-siz$ b]ries ( good flavor4 ,! fruit beg9s to rip5 e>ly1 & la/s ?r\gh\t a some:at ext5d$ season4 ,x w probably give m b]ries1 ) m c]ta9ty & less tr\ble1 ?an any o!r v>iety4 ,ev5 its fault leans to virtue's side4 ,set out a s+le plant1 leave x to ,nature1 & 9 "t x w cov] ! place ) ,turn] raspb]ries2 & yet x w d ?is 9 a quiet1 unobtrusive way1 = x is n a rampant1 ugly gr[]4 ,:ile x w p]si/ 9 liv+ "u almo/ any circum/ances1 ,i h f\nd no v>iety t respond$ m gratefully to good treatm5t4 ,?is consi/s simply 9 ?ree ?+s3 7#a7 rigor\s re/riction ( ! suck]s to f\r or five canes 9 ! hill2 7#b7 keep+ ! soil clean & mell[ ab\t ! be>+ plants2 7#c7 mak+ ?is soil ri*4 ,its dw>f habit ( gr[?1 unlike t ( ! ,cu?b]t1 enables "o to /imulate x ) any k9d ( manure4 ,by ?is c\rse ! size ( ! bu%es is greatly increas$1 & enorm\s crops c be obta9$4 ,i pref] to set out all raspb]ries 9 ! fall1 al?\gh z a matt] ( conv5i5ce ,i (t5 p]=m ! task 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,i d n believe 9 late spr+ plant+1 except z "o takes up a "y spr\t1 two or ?ree in*es high1 & sets x out z "o w\ld a tomato-plant4 ,by ?is c\rse "t is (t5 sav$4 ,:5 x is our wi% to increase ! quality & quantity ( ! fruit1 ,i %\ld advise t ! canes ( all v>ieties be cut back "o-?ird ( _! l5g?4 ,a little obs]vation w tea* u ! reason = ?is4 ,p]mit a long cane to be> ?r\gh\t its natural l5g?1 & y w note t _m buds ne> ! gr\nd rema9 dormant or make a feeble gr[?4 ,! sap1 foll[+ a g5]al law ( nature1 pu%es to ! extremities1 & is1 moreov]1 too mu* diffus$4 ,cut away "o-?ird1 & all ! buds />t ) r$\bl$ vigor1 :ile m & l>g] fruit is ! result4 ,if1 h[ev]1 e>l9ess 9 rip5+ is ! *ief consid]ation1 z x (t5 is1 especially ) ! m>ket-g>d5]1 leave ! canes unprun$1 & ! fruit rip5s a few days soon]4 ,9 purvey+ = ! home table1 :ite raspb]ries (f] ! attractions ( v>iety & beauty4 ,9 ! case ( ,br9ckle's ,orange1 its exquisite flavor is ! *ief consid]ation2 b ?is fa/idi\s =eign b]ry is practically beyond ! rea*1 ( ! majority4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an excell5t v>iety1 ! ,c>ol9e1 :i* is almo/ z h>dy z ! ,turn]1 & m easily gr[n4 ,x w\ld seem t ,nature design$ e "o to h x 7if we may say ,,x ( ,c>ol9e71 = n only does x suck] freely l ! r$ raspb]ries1 b ! tips ( ! canes also b5d ov]1 take root1 & =m new plants4 ,! "o ?+ t ,c>ol9e ne$s is repression1 ! curb2 %e is too int5se4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 h[ev]1 t %e has _h h] day1 ev5 z an att5dant on royalty1 = a new v>iety1 claim+ ! high-s\nd+ title ( ,gold5 ,que51 has my/]i\sly appe>$4 ,i say my/]i\sly1 = x is difficult to acc\nt = h] orig94 ,mr4 ,ezra ,/okes1 a fruit-gr[] ( ,new ,j]sey1 _h a field ( twelve acres plant$ ) ,cu?b]t raspb]ries4 ,9 ?is field he f\nd a bu% produc+ :ite b]ries4 ,9 brief1 he f\nd an ,alb9o ( ! ,cu?b]t4 ,( ! causes ( h] exi/5ce he kn[s no?+4 ,all we c say1 ,i suppose1 is t ! v>iation 0 produc$ by "s unkn[n impulse ( ,nature4 ,d]iv+ h] claims f su* a s\rce1 %e c]ta9ly has a bett] title to royalty ?an mo/ ( h] si/] que5s1 :o1 accord+ to hi/ory1 h be5 commonplace wom51 sugge/+ any?+ b nature4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,philadelphians1 p]haps1 we z a p w n /& on ! "q ( ance/ry1 & %all be m incl9$ to see h[ %e que5s x4 ,( c\rse ! en?usia/ic discov]] & dissem9ators ( ?is v>iety claim t x is n only l ! ,cu?b]t1 b f> bett]4 ,let u try x & see2 if x is z good1 we may well be cont5t1 & c grace our tables ) beautiful fruit4 ,!re is ano!r ,am]ican species ( raspb]ry 7,rubus occid5talis7 t is almo/ z de> to memory z ! wild /rawb]ry--! ?imble-b]ry1 or black-cap4 ,i confess t ! wild flavor ( ?is fruit is m to my ta/e ?an t ( any o!r raspb]ry4 ,app>5tly its se$s h be5 s[n broadca/ ov] ! cont95t1 = x is f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e1 & !re h be5 few *ildr5 9 ,am]ica ^: lips h n be5 /a9$ by ! d>k purple juice ( its fruit4 ,se$s dropp$ 9 neglect$ pa/ures1 by f5ce & roadsides1 & along ! edges ( ! =e/1 produce new v>ieties :i* d n propagate !mselves by suck]s l r$ raspb]ries1 b 9 a mann] q di/9ct4 ,! "y purple canes b5d ov] & take root 9 ! soil dur+ ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & ,octob]4 ,at ! extreme end ( ! tip f :i* ! roots desc5d a bud is =m$1 :i* rema9s dormant until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,!re=e ! "y plant we set out is a m or less ?ick mass ( roots1 a gre5 bud1 & usually a bit ( ! old p>5t cane1 :i* is ( no fur!r s]vice except z a h&le & a m>k indicat+ ! location ( ! plant4 ,aft] ! gr\nd has be5 prep>$ z "o w\ld = corn or potatoes1 x %\ld be levell$1 a l9e /ret*$ = ! r[1 & ! plants set f\r feet ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,s9k ! roots z /raight d[n z possible1 & let ! bud po9t upw>d1 cov]+ x lightly ) m]ely "o or two in*es ( soil4 ,press ! gr\nd firmly aga9/ ! roots1 b n on ! bud4 ,! soil j ov] ?is %\ld be f9e & mell[1 s t ! "y %oot c pu% ?r\gh easily1 :i* x w soon d if ! plants are 9 good condition4 ,except 9 ! extreme ,s\?1 spr+ is by f> ! be/ "t = plant+1 & x %\ld be done e>ly1 :ile ! buds are dormant4 ,aft] ^! beg9 to gr[1 keep ! gr\nd mell[ & free f we$s4 ,! fir/ ef=t ( ! "y plant w be to propagate itself4 ,x w sprawl ov] ! gr\nd if left to its wild impulses1 & w n make an upright be>+ bu%4 ,on ?is acc\nt put a /ake d[n by ! "y spr\t1 & z x gr[s keep x ti$ up & away f ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ! side-bran*es are eight or t5 in*es long1 p9* !m back1 ?us ?r[+ ! *ief /r5g? into ! c5tral cane4 ,by keep+ all ! bran*es p9*$ back y =m ! plant into an erect1 /urdy bu% t w load itself ) b]ries ! foll[+ ye>4 ,no fruit w be borne ! fir/ season4 ,! "y canes ( ! second ye> w incl9e to be m /urdy & erect 9 _! gr[?2 b ?is t5d5cy c be greatly enhanc$ by clipp+ ! long sl5d] bran*es :i* are ?r[n out on e side4 ,z soon z ! old canes are ?r\gh be>+1 !y %\ld be cut out & burn$ or compo/$ ) o!r refuse f ! g>d54 ,black-caps may be plant$ on any soil t is n too dry4 ,:5 ! plant suff]s f dr\ght1 ! fruit consi/s ( little else ?an se$s4 ,to escape ?is defect ,i pref] to put ! black-caps 9 a moi/ location2 & x is "o ( ! few fruits t w ?rive 9 a cold1 wet soil4 ,"o c set out plants "h & !re 9 out-(-!-way corn]s1 & !y (t5 d bett] ?an ^? 9 ! g>d54 ,inde$1 unless a place is kept up v neatly1 _m su* bu%es w be f\nd gr[+ wild1 & produc+ excell5t fruit4 ,! "q may arise 9 "s m9ds1 ,:y buy plants8 ,:y n get !m f ! woods & fields1 or let ,nature provide bu%es = u :]e %e w8 ,:5 ,nature produces a bu% on my place :]e x is n 9 ! way1 ,i let x gr[1 & pick ! fruit 9 my rambles2 b ! supply w\ld be prec>i\s inde$ = a family4 ,by all means get plants f ! woods if y h m>k$ a bu% t produces unusually f9e fruit4 ,x is by j ?is c\rse t ! f9e/ v>ieties h be5 obta9$4 ,if y g a-b]ry+1 y may light on some?+ f9] ?an has yet be5 discov]$2 b x is n v probable4 ,mean:ile1 = a doll> y c get all ! plants y want ( ! two or ?ree be/ v>ieties t h yet be5 discov]$1 f ,ma9e to ,cali=nia4 ,aft] te/+ a great _m k9ds1 ,i %\ld recomm5d ! ,s\hegan = e>ly1 & ! ,mammo? ,clu/] & ,gregg = late4 ,a clean1 mell[ soil 9 good condition1 frequ5t p9*+s back ( ! canes 9 summ]1 or a rigor\s use ( ! prun+-%e>s 9 spr+1 are all t is requir$ to secure an abundant crop f ye> to ye>4 ,?is species may also be gr[n among trees4 ,i advise t e k9d & description ( raspb]ries be kept ti$ to /akes or a wire trellis4 ,! wood rip5s bett]1 ! fruit is clean] & ri*] f exposure to air & sun%9e1 & ! g>d5 is f> neat] ?an if ! canes are sprawl+ at w4 ,i "k t all horticulturi/s advise t ! plants be p9*$ back s ?or\ghly z to =m self-support+ bu%es2 b ,i h yet to see ! c>eful fruit-gr[] :o did ?is1 or ! bu%es t "s ?und]-gu/s w\ld n pro/rate into ! mud ) all _! preci\s burd51 7 !y n well support$4 ,:y take ! risk to save a two-p5ny /ake8 ,if1 j be=e ! fruit beg9s to rip51 a mul* ( leaves1 cut grass1 or any litt] t w cov] ! gr\nd slightly1 is plac$ "u & ar\nd ! bu%es1 x may save a great deal ( fruit f be+ spoil$4 ,! raspb]ry season is also ! h\r & opportunity = ?und]-%[]s1 ^: great slant+ drops (t5 spla% ! soil to surpris+ di/ances4 ,sug>-&-cream-coat$1 n mud-coat$1 b]ries1 if y please4 ,9 my rem>ks on raspb]ries ,i h n nam$ _m v>ieties1 & h r laid /ress on ! pr9ciples :i* may guide ! read] 9 8 pres5t & future selections ( k9ds4 ,suffici5t 9 numb] & v>iety to meet ! ,,ne$s ( e family h be5 m5tion$4 ,! amateur may gratify 8 ta/e by te/+ o!r sorts describ$ 9 nurs]ym5's catalogues4 ,moreov]1 e ye> or two "s new v>iety w be h]ald$ ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,! read] has m]ely to keep 9 m9d ! ?ree classes ( raspb]ries describ$ & _! *>act]i/ics1 9 ord] to make an intellig5t *oice f old & new c&idates = favor4 ,x %\ld also be rememb]$ t ! raspb]ry is a ,nor!rn fruit4 ,i am (t5 ask$ 9 effect1 ,:at raspb]ries d y recomm5d = ! ,gulf ,/ates8 ,i suppose my be/ reply w\ld be1 ,:at oranges d y ?9k be/ adapt$ to ,new ,york8 ,mo/ ( ! =eign k9ds falt] & fail 9 ,new ,j]sey & ,s\!rn ,p5nsylvania2 ! ,cu?b]t & its class c be gr[n mu* fur!r s\?1 :ile ! ,turn] & ! black-caps ?rive almo/ to ,florida4 ,raspb]ries1 especially ^? ( our native species1 are comp>atively free f disease4 ,=eign v>ieties & _! hybrids are sometimes afflict$ ) ! curl-leaf4 ,! foliage crimps up1 ! canes are dw>f$1 & ! :ole plant has a sickly & (t5 yell[ appe>ance4 ,! only rem$y is to dig up ! plant1 root & bran*1 & burn x4 ,a disease t]m$ ! ru/ n infrequ5tly attacks old & poorly n\ri%$ black-cap bu%es4 ,! leaves take on an o*re\s color1 & ! plant is se5 to be fail+4 ,extirpate x z direct$ above4 ,if _m bu%es are affect$1 ,i advise t ! :ole pat* be root$ up1 & heal?y plants set out else:]e4 ,x is a well-kn[n law ( ,nature t plants ( ne>ly all k9ds appe> to exhau/ f ! soil 9 "t ! +r$i5ts peculi>ly acceptable to !m4 ,skill c d mu* t[>d ma9ta9+ ! ne$ful supply2 b ! be/ & easie/ plan is n to gr[ any ( ! small fruits too long 9 any "o locality4 ,by sett+ out new plants on diff]5t gr\nd1 f> bett] results are atta9$ ) mu* less tr\ble4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,currant ,:o t has ev] liv$ 9 ! c\ntry does n rememb] ! old /raggl+ currant-bu%es t disput$ _! exi/5ce ) grass1 docks1 & o!r co>se-gr[+ we$s along "s anci5t f5ce8 ,_m also c recall ! we>y task ( ga!r+ a qu>t or two ( ! dim9utive fruit = pies1 & ! endless pick+ requir$ to obta9 en\gh = ! annual jelly-mak+4 ,nor is ?is condition ( affairs a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,drive ?r\gh ! l& :]e y w 9 e>ly ,july1 & y w see f>m]s m[+ r\nd ! v5]able ,r$ ,dut* currants to give ! wom5-folks a *ance at 'em4 ,! av]age f>m] /ill be/[s ^u ?is fruit ab\t z mu* att5tion z ! aborig9es gave to _! pat*es ( maize4 ,?is seems v absurd :5 we rememb] ! important place held 9 ! dome/ic economy by ! currant1 & h[ greatly x improves "u dec5t treatm5t4 ,if x dem&$ ! att5tion :i* a cabbage-plant requires1 x w\ld be giv52 b ! currant belongs to t small class ( creatures :i* p]mit !mselves to be us$ :5 want$1 & snubb$1 neglect$1 & impos$ ^u at o!r times4 ,x is kn[n t ! bu%es w manage to exi/1 & d ! ,v be/ !y c1 no matt] h[ badly treat$2 & av]age human nature has ev] tak5 advantage ( su* traits1 to its cont9u\s loss4 ,! pati5ce ( ! currant is due p]haps to its orig91 = x gr[s wild r\nd ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 its *ief haunts be+ ! dim1 cold1 damp woods ( ! high latitudes4 ,y may tame1 modify1 & va/ly *ange any?+ possess+ life2 b orig9al traits are sc>cely ev] :olly eradicat$4 ,!re=e ! natural habitat & primal qualities ( ! currant indicate ! true l9es ( developm5t1 its capabilities & limitations4 ,x is ess5tially a nor!rn fruit1 requir+ coolness1 moi/ure1 & alluvial soils4 ,x beg9s to falt] & look homesick ev5 9 ,new ,j]sey2 & "o has n to g f> d[n ! ,atlantic coa/ to pass beyond ! range ( its successful culture4 ,i d n see :y x %\ld n ?rive mu* fur!r s\? on ! nor!rn slopes ( ! m\nta9s4 ,f ,philadelphia nor?w>d1 h[ev]1 except on light dry soils & 9 sunny exposures1 !re is no reason :y x %\ld n give ample returns = ! att5tion x requires4 ,i %all n lay /ress on ! old1 well-kn[n uses to :i* ?is fruit is put1 b ,i d ?9k its value is b half appreciat$4 ,p ru% r\nd 9 ,july 9 se>* ( heal?3 let me recomm5d ! currant cure4 ,if any "o is languid1 depress$ 9 spirits1 incl9$ to heada*es1 & g5]ally out ( sorts1 let him f9i% 8 breakfa/ daily = a mon? ) a di% ( fre%ly pick$ currants4 ,he w soon1 almo/ d\bt 8 own id5tity1 & may ev5 beg9 to ?9k t he is becom+ a good man4 ,he w be m gallant to 8 wife1 k9d] to 8 *ildr51 fri5dli] to 8 neighbors1 & m op5-h&$ to e good cause4 ,"w w soon seem play1 & play fun4 ,9 brief1 ! tru? ( ! anci5t pun w be v]ifi$1 t ! p[] to live a good life dep5ds l>gely ^u ! ,,liv]4 ,out ^u ! nons5se ( tak+ m$ic9e & no/rums dur+ ! currant-season6 ,let x be taught at !ological sem9>ies t ! currant is a means ( grace4 ,x is a corrective2 & t is :at av]age humanity mo/ ne$s4 ,! currant1 l ! raspb]ry1 is will+ to keep %ady2 b only because x is mode/4 ,x is "o ( ! fruits t ?rive bett] among trees ?an 9 too dry & sunny exposures4 ,!re=e1 9 economiz+ space on ! ,home ,acre x may be gr[n among small] trees1 or1 bett] /ill1 on ! nor!rn or ea/]n side ( a wall or h$ge4 ,b %ade is n ess5tial1 except z we g s\?2 !n ! requisites ( moi/ure & %elt] f ! burn+ rays ( ! sun %\ld be compli$ ) z f> z possible4 ,9 giv+ ?is & k9dr$ fruits p>tial %ade1 !y %\ld n be compell$ to cont5d to any ext5t ) ! roots ( trees4 ,?is w ev] prove an unequal conte/4 ,no fruit c ?rive 9 d5se %ade1 or f9d su/5ance among ! voraci\s roots ( a tree4 ,select1 !re=e1 if possible1 heavy1 deep1 moi/1 yet well-dra9$ soil1 & d n fe> to make & keep x v ri*4 ,if y are re/rict$ to s&y or gravelly soils1 correct _! defects ) compo/1 decay$ leaves & sods1 muck1 manure f ! c[-/able1 & o!r f]tiliz]s ) /ay+ r ?an /imulat+ qualities4 ,ei!r by pl[+ or =k+1 deep5 z well z enri* ! soil4 ,x is !n ready = ! plants1 :i* may be set out ei!r 9 ! fall or 9 e>ly spr+4 ,i pref] ! autumn--any "t aft] ! leaves h fall52 b spr+ answ]s almo/ z well1 :ile buds are dormant1 or p>tially s4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! currant />ts v e>ly1 & is 9 full foliage be=e "s p]sons are fairly wak5$ to g>d5 int]e/s4 ,x w\ld1 9 ?is case1 be bett] to wait until ,octob]1 unless ! plants c be obta9$ f a neighbor on a cl\dy day2 !n !y %\ld be cut back two-?irds ( _! l5g? be=e be+ remov$1 & ! transf] made z quickly z possible4 ,"u any circum/ances1 take (f half ( ! wood f ! plants b\ght4 ,?is ne$ n be ?r[n away4 ,e cutt+ ( "y wood six in*es long w make a new plant 9 a s+le season4 ,all t is ne$ful is to keep ! wood moi/ until ready to put x 9 ! gr\nd1 or1 bett] /ill1 a cool1 damp place 9 ! g>d5 c be select$ at once1 & ! cutt+s sunk two-?irds ( _! l5g? into ! gr\nd1 & ! soil press$ firm ar\nd !m4 ,by fall !y w h a good supply ( roots1 & by ! foll[+ autumn be ready to be set out :]ev] y wi% !m to fruit4 ,currant-bu%es may be plant$ five feet ap>t ea* way1 & at ! same di/ance1 if !y are to l9e a f5ce4 ,!y %\ld be sunk a few in*es deep] 9 ! soil ?an !y /ood be=e1 & ! locality be su* z to admit ( good culture4 ,! soil %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to become h>d1 we$y1 or grass-gr[n4 ,z a rule1 ,i pref] two-ye>-old plants1 :ile ^? ( "o ye>'s gr[? answ] ne>ly z well1 if vigor\s4 ,if 9 ha/e = fruit1 x may be well to get ?ree-ye>-old plants1 unless !y h be5 dw>f$ & enfeebl$ by neglect4 ,subsequ5t culture consi/s *iefly 9 keep+ ! soil clean1 mell[1 ri*1 & !re=e moi/4 ,i h nam$ ! be/ f]tiliz]s = ! currant2 b if ! product ( ! horse-/able is employ$1 use x fir/ z a mul*4 ,x w ?us gradually rea* ! roots4 ,o!rwise x is too /imulat+1 & produces a rampant gr[? ( wood r ?an fruit4 ,"u any circum/ances ?is t5d5cy to produce an undue am\nt ( wood mu/ be repress$ almo/ z rigor\sly z 9 ! grape-v9e4 ,! secret ( successful currant-culture is ri*ness b5ea?1 & re/riction above4 ,engli% g>d5]s are said to h z complete & m9ute sy/ems ( prun+ & tra9+ currants z ! grape2 b we d n seem to h pati5ce = su* detail4 ,nor d ,i reg>d x z necess>y4 ,our object is an abundant supply ( excell5t fruit2 & ?is result c be obta9$ at a surpris+ly small outlay ( "t & money1 if !y are exp5d$ judici\sly4 ,! art ( trimm+ a currant-bu%1 l t ( prun+ a grape-v9e1 is be/ le>n$ by obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,"o c give pr9ciples r ?an lay d[n rules4 ,l ! v9e1 ! currant t5ds to *oke itself ) a sup]abundance ( wood1 :i* soon becomes m or less b>r54 ,?is is tru] ( "s v>ieties ?an ( o!rs2 b 9 all in/ances ! judici\s use ( ! prun+-knife d\bles ! yield4 ,9 view ( ! supposition t ! lead+ %oot & all ! bran*es 7 %ort5$ 9 "o-half :5 ! plant 0 set out1 ,i w sugge/ t e>ly 9 ,june x w be obs]v$ t mu* m wood is =m+ ?an c be p]mitt$ to rema94 ,!re are weak1 cr[d+ %oots :i* nev] c be ( any use4 ,if ^! are cut out at ?is "t1 ! sap :i* w\ld g to mature !m w be direct$ into ! valuable p>ts ( ! =m+ bu%4 ,summ] prun+ prev5ts missp5t =ce1 & x may be kept up ) great advantage f ye> to ye>4 ,?is is r>ely done1 h[ev]2 !re=e e>ly 9 spr+ ! bu%es mu/ receive a good annual prun+1 & ! long %oots & bran*es be cut well back1 s z to prev5t nak$ rea*es ( wood4 ,obs]ve a v productive bu%1 & y w see t !re are _m po9ts ab\nd+ 9 little side-bran*es4 ,x is ^u ^! t ! fruit is *iefly borne4 ,a bu% left to itself is soon a mass ( long1 sl5d]1 almo/ nak$ /alks1 ) a little fruit at ! ends4 ,! ideal bu% is /ocky1 op51 well bran*$1 admitt+ light1 air1 & sun 9 e "p4 ,!re is no cr[d+ & smo!r+ ( ! fruit by ! foliage4 ,b few clu/]s are borne on v "y wood1 & :5 ?is gr[s old & black1 ! clu/]s are small4 ,!re=e new wood %\ld always be com+ on & kept well cut back1 s z to =m jo9ts & side-bran*es2 & z o!r p>ts gr[ old & feeble !y %\ld be cut out4 ,obs]vation & exp]i5ce w tea* ! g>d5] m ?an all ! rules t c\ld be writt51 = he w p]ceive t he mu/ prune ea* bu% accord+ to its own individuality4 ,= practical purposes ! bu% =m is ! be/ 9 :i* to gr[ currants2 b !y c easily be made to =m pretty little trees ) tops %ap$ l an umbrella1 or any o!r =m we desire4 ,= in/ance1 ,i f\nd1 "o autumn1 a %oot ab\t ?ree feet long4 ,i rubb$ (f all ! buds except ! t]m9al "o & ?ree or f\r j b5ea? x1 !n sunk ! l[] end ( ! %oot six in*es into ! soil1 & ti$ ! "p above ! gr\nd to a %ort /ake4 ,! foll[+ spr+ ! l[] end took root1 & ! few buds at ! top develop$ into a small bu%y head4 ,clumps ( m9iature currant-trees w\ld make z pretty an ornam5t = ! g>d5 bord] z "o w\ld wi% to see4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t !re is a currant z well z an apple bor]2 b ! pe/s are n v num]\s or de/ructive1 & su* little trees may easily be gr[n by ! hundr$4 ,clean culture has "o disadvantage :i* mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,if ! gr\nd "u bu%es is loose1 heavy ra9s w sometimes s spla% up ! soil z to muddy ! great] "p ( ! fruit4 ,i once suff]$ s]i\s loss 9 ?is way1 & des]v$ x2 = a little grass m[n f ! lawn1 or any o!r litt] spread "u & ar\nd ! bu%es j be=e ! fruit rip5$1 w\ld h prev5t$ x4 ,x w require b a v few m9utes to insure a clean crop4 ,i imag9e t if ^! pages are ev] read1 & su* advice z ,i c give is foll[$1 x w be m (t5 by ! mi/ress ?an ! ma/] ( ! ,home ,acre4 ,i address him1 b q z (t5 ,i mean h]2 & j at ?is po9t ,i am able to give ! p[] beh9d ! ?rone a useful h9t4 ,miss ,alcott1 9 h] immortal ,little ,wom51 has giv5 an in/ance ( :at dire results may foll[ if ! jelly won't jell4 ,let me ha/5 to insure dome/ic peace by tell+ my fair read] 7:o w also be1 if ! jelly turns out ( ! tumbl]s tremul\s yet firm1 a g5tle read]7 t if %e w h ! currants pick$ j z soon z !y are fully ripe1 & be=e !y h be5 dr5*$ by a heavy ra91 %e w f9d t ! jelly w jell4 ,x is ov]ripe1 wat]-soak$ currants t break up families & demoli% h\sehold gods4 ,let me also add ano!r fact1 z true z x is /range1 t :ite currants make r$ jelly2 !re=e give ! pe>ly fruit ample space 9 ! g>d54 ,9 pass+ to ! consid]ation ( v>ieties1 x is q natural 9 ?is connection to m5tion ! :ite sorts fir/4 ,i "k t p are n yet suffici5tly educat$ to dem& :ite currants ( _! groc]s2 b ! home g>d5 is z mu* beyond ! groc]'s /all z ! home is bett] ?an a bo>d+-h\se4 ,!re is no reason :y free p 9 ! c\ntry %\ld be slaves to conv5tionalities1 prejudices1 & traditions4 ,if :ite currants ,,are sweet]1 m delici\s & beautiful ?an ! r$1 :y1 s !y are4 ,!re=e let u plant !m abundantly4 ,if !re is to be a que5 among ! currants1 ! ,:ite ,grape is entitl$ to ! cr[n4 ,:5 plac$ ^u ! table1 ! di% appe>s heap$ ) transluc5t pe>ls4 ,! %>p acid ( ! r$ v>ieties is abs5t1 & y feel t if y c\ld live ^u !m = a "t1 y\r blood w\ld gr[ pure1 if n blue4 ,! bu% produc+ ?is exquisite fruit is l an unc\?-look+ poet :o gives beauty f an inn] life1 b disappo9ts 9 ext]nals4 ,x is l[-bran*+ & un%apely1 & mu/ be =c$ into good =m--! bu%1 n ! poet--by ! prun+-knife4 ,if ?is is done judici\sly1 no o!r v>iety w be> m pr(usely or pres5t a fair] object on a ,july day4 ,! ,:ite ,dut* has ! well-kn[n *>act]i/ics 9 gr[? ( ! common ,r$ ,dut* currant1 & is inf]ior only to ! ,:ite ,grape 9 size4 ,! fruit is equally transp>5t1 beautiful1 mild1 & agreeable 9 flavor1 :ile ! bu% is enorm\sly productive1 & %apely 9 =m1 if prop]ly tra9$ & f]tiliz$4 ,:ile ! :ite currants are su* favorites1 ,i d n und]value ! r$4 ,inde$1 7 ,i re/rict$ to "o v>iety1 x %\ld be ! old ,dut* ,r$ ( our fa!rs1 or1 m prop]ly1 ( our gr&mo!rs4 ,= g5]al h\se uses ,i d n ?9k x has yet be5 surpass$4 ,x is n s mild 9 flavor z ! :ite v>ieties1 b !re is a ri*ness & sprightl9ess 9 its acid t are grateful inde$ on a sultry day4 ,m+l$ ) ! :ite b]ries1 x makes a beautiful di%1 :ile x has all ! cul9>y qualities :i* ! h\sekeep] c desire4 ,if ! bu% is rigor\sly prun$ & g5]\sly enri*$1 x is unsurpass$ 9 productiv5ess1 & ! fruit approa*es v ne>ly to ! ,*]ry currant 9 size4 ,i d n recomm5d ! la/-nam$ k9d = ! home g>d51 unless l>ge1 %[y fruit c\nts = m ?an flavor4 ,! acid ( ! ,*]ry currant1 unless v ripe1 is h>% & wat]y4 ,at be/ x nev] acquires an agreeable mildness1 to my ta/e4 ,! bu%es also are n s c]ta9ly productive1 & usually require skilful prun+ & con/ant f]tiliz+ to be pr(itable4 ,= ! m>ket1 :i* dem&s size above all ?+s1 ! ,*]ry is ! k9d to gr[2 b 9 ! home g>d5 flavor & productiv5ess are ! m important qualities4 ,fay's ,prolific is a new sort t has be5 v highly prais$4 ,! ,victoria is an excell5t late v>iety1 :i*1 if plant$ 9 a %elt]$ place1 prolongs ! currant-season well into ! autumn4 ,spuri\s k9ds are sold "u ?is "n4 ,! true ,victoria produces a pale-r$ fruit ) tap]+ clu/]s or racemes ( b]ries4 ,?is v>iety1 ) ! ?ree o!rs recomm5d$1 gives ! family two r$ & two :ite k9ds--all t are ne$$4 ,^? :o are fond ( black currants c1 at almo/ any nurs]y1 procure ! ,black ,naples & ,lee's ,prolific4 ,ei!r v>iety w answ] all practical purposes4 ,i confess !y are n at all to my ta/e4 ,f ! currant we pass on naturally to ! gooseb]ry1 = 9 orig9 & requirem5ts x is v simil>4 ,bo? belong to ! ,ribes family ( plants1 & !y are to be cultivat$ on ! same g5]al pr9ciples4 ,:at ,i h writt5 9 reg>d to p>tial %ade1 cool1 %elt]$ localities1 ri*1 heavy soils1 good culture1 & especially rigor\s prun+1 applies ) ev5 great] =ce to ?is fruit1 especially if we endeavor to raise ! =eign v>ieties1 9 cultivat+ ?is fruit x is ev5 m important ?an 0 true ( raspb]ries t ! read] %\ld di/+ui% betwe5 ! native & =eign species4 ,! latt] are s incl9$ to mildew 9 almo/ e locality t !re is r>ely any c]ta9ty ( satisfactory fruit4 ,! same evil pursues ! se$l+ *ildr5 ( ! =eign sorts1 & ,i h nev] se5 a hybrid or cross betwe5 ! ,engli% & native species t 0 ) any c]ta9ty free f a br[n disfigur+ ru/ :olly or p>tially envelop+ ! b]ries4 ,"h & !re ! fruit 9 "s g>d5s w escape ye> aft] ye>2 aga91 on places n f> away1 ! blight+ mildew is sure to appe> be=e ! b]ries are fully gr[n4 ,nev]!less1 ! =eign v>ieties are s f9e t x is well to give !m a fair trial4 ,! ?ree k9ds :i* appe> be/ adapt$ to our climate are ,cr[n ,bob1 ,ro>+ ,lion1 & ,:itesmi?4 ,a new l>ge v>iety1 nam$ ,indu/ry1 is n[ be+ introduc$1 & if half ( :at is claim$ = x is true1 x is wor? a place 9 all g>d5s4 ,9 ord] to be c]ta9 ( clean1 fair gooseb]ries e ye>1 we mu/ turn to our native species1 :i* has already giv5 u sev]al good v>ieties4 ,! ,d[n+ is ! l>ge/ & be/1 & ! ,h\ghton ! h>die/1 mo/ productive & easily rais$4 ,:5 we rememb] ! sup]b fruit :i* ,engli% g>d5]s h develop$ f wild k9ds inf]ior to ours1 we c well und]/& t ! true ,am]ican gooseb]ries are yet to be develop$4 ,9 my "w ,success ) ,small ,fruits ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ?is fruit w f9d mu* full] treatm5t ?an is w>rant$ 9 ! pres5t essay4 ,n only d currants & gooseb]ries require simil> treatm5t & cultivation1 b !y also h a common enemy t mu/ be vigilantly gu>d$ aga9/1 or ! bu%es w be defoliat$ 9 _m localities almo/ be=e its exi/5ce is kn[n4 ,aft] an abs5ce ( a few days ,i h f\nd "s ( my bu%es /ripp$ ( e leaf4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1 ! fruit is comp>atively wor?less4 ,foliage is z necess>y to a plant z are lungs to a man4 ,x is n ess5tial t ,i %\ld g into ! natural hi/ory ( ! currant worm & mo?4 ,hav+ once se5 ! yell[i%-gre5 cat]pill>s at _! de/ructive "w1 ! read]'s ?\ghts w n rev]t to ! sci5ce ( entomology1 b w at once become bloody & implacable4 ,i ha/5 to sugge/ ! means ( rescue & v5geance4 ,! mom5t ^! worms appe>1 be on y\r gu>d1 = !y usually spread l fire 9 /ubble4 ,procure ( y\r druggi/ :ite hellebore1 scald & mix a tablespoonful 9 a b[l ( hot wat]1 & !n p\r x 9 a full wat]+-c4 ,?is gives y an infusion ( ab\t a tablespoonful to an ord9>y pail ( wat] at its ord9>y summ] temp]ature4 ,spr9kle ! infect$ bu%es ) ?is z (t5 z !re is a worm to be se54 ,i h nev] fail$ 9 de/roy+ ! pe/s by ?is c\rse4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t new eggs are (t5 hat*$ out daily4 ,y may kill e worm to-day1 yet f9d pl5ty on ! morr[4 ,vigilance1 h[ev]1 w soon s *eck ! evil t y\r currants are safe2 & if e "o w\ld fight ! pe/s1 !y w\ld ev5tually be almo/ ext]m9at$4 ,! tr\ble is t1 :ile y d y\r duty1 y\r next-door neighbor may gr[ no?+ on 8 bu%es b currant-worms4 ,?us ! evil is cont9u$1 & ev5 increas$1 9 spite ( all t y c d2 b by a little vigilance & ! use ( hellebore y c always save ,,y\r currants4 ,i h kept my bu%es gre51 luxuriant1 & load$ ) fruit :51 at a %ort di/ance1 ! pat*es ( c>eless neighbors 7 r5d]$ utt]ly wor?less4 ,our laws b half protect ! birds1 ! be/ insecticides1 & !re is no law to prev5t a man f all[+ 8 acres to be ! bre$+-place ( e pe/ prevail+4 ,!re are ?ree species ( ! currant-bor]1 & _! pres5ce is indicat$ by yell[ foliage & %rivell+ fruit4 ,! only rem$y is to cut out & burn ! affect$ /ems4 ,^! pe/s are n (t5 suffici5tly num]\s to d mu* h>m4 ,i e>ne/ly urge t virul5t poisons l ,p>is gre51 ,london purple1 etc41 nev] be us$ on fruit or edible vegetables4 ,!re _c be safety 9 ?is c\rse4 ,i nev] he>d ( any "o t 0 injur$ by :ite hellebore1 us$ z ,i h direct$2 & ,i h f\nd t if ! worms 7 kept (f until ! fruit began to rip51 ! dang] 0 practically ov]4 ,if ,i _h to use hellebore aft] ! fruit 0 fit to use1 ,i %\ld fir/ kill ! worms1 & !n cleanse ! bu%es ?or\ghly by spray+ !m ) clean wat]4 ,9 treat+ ! two rema9+ small fruits1 blackb]ries & /rawb]ries1 we pass :olly out ( ! %ade & away f trees4 ,sun%9e & op5 gr\nd are n[ requir$4 ,ano!r important diff]5ce c also be m5tion$1 rev]s+ =m] exp]i5ce4 ,am]ica is ! home ( ^! fruits4 ,! wild species ( ! blackb]ry abroad has nev]1 z f> z ,i c le>n1 be5 develop$ into v>ieties wor?y ( cultivation2 & be=e importations f ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica began1 ! only /rawb]ry ( ,europe 0 ! ,alp9e1 ) its slight v>iations1 & ! musky ,hautbois4 ,i d n "k :e!r any ( our f9e v>ieties ( blackb]ries are cultivat$ abroad1 b ,i am p]fectly c]ta9 t !y are wor?y ( ! slight att5tion requir$ to raise !m 9 p]fection "h4 ,l ! blackcaps1 all our be/ v>ieties are ! spontane\s products ( ,nature1 fir/ discov]$ gr[+ wild1 & transf]r$ to ! g>d54 ,! blackb]ry is a fruit t takes k9dly to cultivation1 & improves "u x4 ,! prop] treatm5t is managem5t r ?an cultivation & /imulation4 ,x requires a sunny exposure & a light1 w>m soil1 yet n s dry z to prev5t ! fruit f matur+ into juicy b]ries4 ,if possible1 set ! blackb]ries (f by !mselves1 = x is h>d to prev5t ! /rong roots f travell+ all ov] ! g>d54 ,! blackb]ry likes a ri*1 moi/1 mell[ soil1 &1 f9d+ x1 "s v>ieties w give y canes sixte5 feet high4 ,y d n want rank1 ?orny brambles1 h[ev]1 b b]ries4 ,!re=e ! blackb]ry %\ld be put :]e x c d no h>m1 &1 by a little judici\s repression1 a great deal ( good4 ,a gravelly or s&y knoll1 ) a *ance to m[ all r\nd ! pat*1 is ! be/ place4 ,! blackb]ry ne$s a deep1 loose soil r ?an a ri* "o4 ,!n ! roots w luxuriate to unkn[n dep?s1 ! wood rip5 ?or\ghly1 & ! fruit be correspond+ly abundant4 ,let ! r[s be six feet ap>t2 set out ! plants 9 ! fall1 if possible1 or ,,e>ly spr+2 put two plants 9 ! hills1 :i* may be f\r feet ap>t4 ,if ! gr\nd is v poor1 give ! "y plants a %ovelful ( old compo/1 decay$ leaves1 etc4 ,any f]tiliz] w answ]1 s t x is spread j ov] ! roots to give ! plants a good s5d-(f4 ,z a rule1 complete success 9 blackb]ry culture consi/s 9 a little judici\s "w p]=m$ 9 ,may1 ,june1 & ,july4 ,! plants1 hav+ be5 set out z ,i h advis$ 9 ! case ( raspb]ries1 ?r[ up ! fir/ season /rong gre5 %oots4 ,:5 ^! %oots are ?ree feet high1 p9* (f ! top1 s z to /op upw>d gr[?4 ,! result ( ?is is t bran*es />t on e side1 & ! plant =ms a l[1 /ocky1 self-support+ bu%1 :i* w be load$ ) fruit ! foll[+ season4 ,! second ye> ! plants 9 ! hill w s5d up /rong] canes1 & !re w be pl5ty ( spr\ts or suck]s 9 ! int]v5+ spaces4 ,:5 v "y1 ^! useless spr\ts c be pull$ out ) ! lea/ possible tr\ble4 ,left to mature1 !y make a ?orny wild]ness :i* w cause ble$+ h&s & faces :5 attack$1 & add l>gely to ! family m5d+4 ,t :i* a *ild c\ld d z play :5 ! suck]s 7 j com+ ?r\gh ! gr\nd1 is n[ a =midable task = any man4 ,9 e>ly summ] y c ) ! utmo/ ease keep e useless blackb]ry spr\t f gr[+4 ,m canes1 also1 w usually />t f ! hill ?an are ne$$4 ,leave b ?ree /rong %oots1 & ?is ye> p9* !m back z soon z !y are f\r feet high1 ?us produc+ ?ree /ocky1 well-bran*$ bu%es1 :i* 9 %elt]$ places w be self-support+4 ,%\ld !re be ! slighte/ dang] ( _! break+ d[n ) _! load ( fruit1 tie !m to /akes by all means4 ,i d n believe 9 t k9d ( economy :i* tries to save a p5ny at ! risk ( a doll>4 ,i believe t bett] & l>g] fruit is always secur$ by %ort5+ 9 ! side bran*es "o-?ird ( _! l5g? 9 spr+4 ,f9e v>ieties l ! ,kittat9ny are n entirely h>dy 9 all localities4 ,! sn[ w protect ! l[] bran*es1 & ! upp] ones c usually be kept un9jur$ by ?r[+ ov] !m "s v light litt]1 l old pea or bean v9es1 etc4--no?+ heavy en\gh to break !m d[n4 ,z soon z ! old canes are ?r\gh be>+1 !y %\ld be cut out4 ,if ! blackb]ry pat* has be5 left to its own wild w1 !re is no?+ left = u b to attack x1 well-glov$1 9 ,april1 ) ! prun+-%e>s1 & cut out ev]y?+ except ?ree or f\r "y canes 9 ! hill4 ,^! w probably be tall1 sl5d]1 & bran*less1 !re=e comp>atively unproductive4 ,9 ord] to h any fruit at all1 we mu/ %ort5 !m "o-?ird1 & tie !m to /akes4 ,x ?us may be cle>ly se5 t ) blackb]ries a /it* 9 "t saves almo/ n9ety-n9e4 ,keep out co>se we$s & grass1 & give f]tiliz]s only :5 ! plants %[ signs ( feebl5ess & lack ( nutrition4 ,a ru/ simil> to t :i* attacks ! black-cap is almo/ ! only disease we h to cont5d )4 ,! rem$y is ! same--extirpation ( ! plant1 root & bran*4 ,aft] te/+ a great _m k9ds1 ,i recomm5d ! ?ree foll[+ v>ieties1 rip5+ 9 succession = ! family--! ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,snyd]1 & ,kittat9ny4 ,^! all produce ri*1 high-flavor$ b]ries1 &1 "u ! treatm5t sugge/$1 w prove h>dy 9 ne>ly all localities4 ,?is fruit is n ripe z soon z x is black1 & x is r>ely left on ! bu%es until ! h>d core 9 ! c5tre is mell[$ by complete maturity4 ,i h f\nd t b]ries pick$ 9 ! ev5+ & /ood 9 a cool place 7 9 excell5t condition = breakfa/4 ,to h !m 9 p]fection1 h[ev]1 !y mu/ be s ripe z to drop into ! basket at ! slighte/ t\*2 !n1 z ,donald ,mit*ell says1 !y are bloat$ bubbles ( =e/ honey4 ,i fancy ! read] is z impati5t to rea* ! /rawb]ry z ,i am myself4 ,d\btless ,god c\ld h made a bett] b]ry--b ,i =be>4 ,?is say+ has be5 quot$ by ! great] "p ( ! human race1 & attribut$ to ne>ly e prom95t man1 f ,adam to ,mr4 ,bee*]4 ,!re are said to be un=tunates :om ! /rawb]ry poisons4 ,! majority ( u feel z if we c\ld atta9 ,me?uselah's age if we _h no?+ worse to cont5d )4 ,prais+ ! /rawb]ry is l pa9t+ ! lily2 !re=e let u give our att5tion at once to ! ess5tial details ( its successful culture4 ,z we h intimat$ be=e1 ?is fruit z we f9d x 9 our g>d5s1 ev5 ?\gh we raise =eign k9ds1 came orig9ally f ,am]ica4 ,! two great species1 ,frag>ia *il5sis1 f\nd on ! ,pacific slope f ,oregon to ,*ili1 & ,frag>ia virg9iana1 gr[+ wild 9 all p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 are ! s\rces ( all ! f9e v>ieties t h be5 nam$ & cultivat$4 ,! ,alp9e /rawb]ry 7,frag>ia vesca71 :i* gr[s wild ?r\gh\t ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 does n appe> capable ( mu* v>iation & developm5t "u cultivation4 ,its se$s1 s[n "u all possible conditions1 reproduce ! p>5t plant4 ,=eign g>d5]s ev5tually le>n$1 h[ev]1 t se$s ( ! ,*ili & ,virg9ia /rawb]ry produc$ new v>ieties :i* 7 (t5 mu* bett] ?an _! p>5ts4 ,z "t pass$1 & m att5tion 0 drawn to ?is subject1 sup]b v>ieties 7 orig9at$ abroad1 _m ( !m acquir+ a wide celebrity4 ,9 ?is case1 z has be5 true ( ne>ly all o!r fruits1 our nurs]y-m5 & fruit-gr[]s fir/ look$ to ,europe = improv$ v>ieties4 ,horticulturi/s 7 sl[ to le>n t 9 our own native species 7 ! possibilities ( ! be/ success4 ,! ,*ili /rawb]ry1 br\ght directly f ! ,pacific coa/ to ! ,ea/1 is n at home 9 our climate1 & is /ill m unfitt$ to cont5d ) x aft] g5]ations ( culture 9 ,europe4 ,ev5 our h>di] ,virg9ia /rawb]ry1 com+ back to u f ,engl& aft] _m ye>s ( high /imulation 9 a moi/1 mild climate1 is unequal to ! h>%] conditions ( life "h4 ,!y are l native ,am]icans :o h liv$ & be5 pamp]$ abroad s long t !y f9d ?is c\ntry q too rude1 y "k--bea/ly climate4 ,!re=e1 9 ! *oice v>ieties1 & 9 develop+ new ones1 ! ne>] we c keep to vigor\s /ra9s ( our own h>dy ,virg9ia species ! bett]4 ,f x h proce$$ & w cont9ue to come ! f9e/ k9ds t c be gr[n ea/ ( ! ,rockies4 ,nev]!less1 :at 0 said ( =eign raspb]ries is almo/ equally true ( ,european /rawb]ries l ! ,triomphe de ,g& & ,jucunda1 & hybrids l ! ,wild]4 ,9 localities :]e !y c be gr[n1 _! beauty & f9e flavor repay = ! high culture & c>eful w9t] protection requir$4 ,b !y c sc>cely be made to ?rive on light soils or v f> to ! s\?4 ,s _m v>ieties are (f]$ = sale t ! "q ( *oice is a bewild]+ "o4 ,i h !re=e s\ght to meet x1 z be=e1 by giv+ ! advice ( ^? ^: op9ions are well entitl$ to respect4 ,dr4 ,hexam]1 :o has _h great & v>i$ exp]i5ce1 writes z foll[s3 ,a neighbor ( m9e :o has = ye>s b\ght ne>ly e new /rawb]ry :5 fir/ introduc$1 has settl$ on ! ,du*ess & ,cumb]l& z ! only v>ieties he w gr[ 9 ! future1 & ?9ks x n wor? :ile to seek = some?+ bett]4 ,conf9$ to two v>ieties1 a m satisfactory selection c\ld sc>cely be made4 ,b y want six or sev51 ei!r be+1 ,i ?9k1 ab\t ! "r numb] = ! home g>d54 ,i w give !m 9 ! ord] ( desirability accord+ to my judgm5t--,cumb]l&1 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,du*ess1 ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,w>r51 ,%>pless1 ,jewell4 ,! selection :i* places ! ,cumb]l& ,triumph at ! head ( ! li/ is b ano!r pro( h[ k9ds diff] "u v>i$ conditions4 ,on my place ?is highly prais$ sort is b mod]ately productive & n high-flavor$1 al?\gh ! fruit is v l>ge & h&some4 ,i reg>d ! li/1 h[ev]1 z a mo/ excell5t "o = mo/ localities4 ,! ,hon4 ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild]'s *oice = ! latitude ( ,massa*usetts3 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,wild]1 ,h]vey ,davis1 ,%>pless1 ,cumb]l&1 ,k5tucky4 ,jewell is v promis+4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full]1 = latitude ( ,new ,york3 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,%>pless1 ,m9]'s ,prolific1 ,wilson's ,albany1 ,*ampion4 ,p4 ,c4 ,b]ckmans1 = ! latitude ( ,georgia3 ,wilson1 ,%>pless1 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,triomphe de ,g&1 ,gl5dale4 ,! ,hon4 ,norman ,j4 ,colman's *oice = ,miss\ri & ! ,we/3 ,cresc5t1 ,capta9 ,jack1 ,cumb]l&1 ,*ampion1 ,h>t's ,m9nesota1 ,cornelia4 ,if ,i gave a hundr$ o!r li/s1 no two ( !m probably w\ld agree 9 all respects4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ (t5 said to me1 ,soil1 climate1 & locality make great] diff]5ces ) ! /rawb]ry ?an ) any o!r fruit4 ,?is is f> m true ( "s v>ieties ?an o!rs4 ,i believe t ! excell5t k9d nam$ aft] ,mr4 ,d[n+1 if giv5 prop] treatm5t1 w d well almo/ any:]e on ! cont95t4 ,x w be not$ t x is on all ! li/s except "o4 ,i %\ld place x at ! head ( g>d5 /rawb]ries4 ,x is a k9d t w endure mu* neglect1 & x responds spl5didly to g5]\s1 s5sible treatm5t4 ,its delici\s flavor is its *ief recomm5dation1 z x %\ld be t ( e b]ry = ! home g>d54 ,i h te/$ _m hundr$s ( k9ds1 & h gr[n scores & scores t 7 s prais$ :5 fir/ s5t out t ! novice might be tempt$ to dig up & ?r[ away ev]y?+ except ! wond]ful novelty press$ ^u 8 att5tion4 ,!re is "o quiet1 effective way ( meet+ all ?is h]ald+ & laudation1 & t is to make trial b$s4 ,= in/ance1 ,i h put out z _m z sev5ty k9ds at ne>ly ! same "t1 & gr[n !m "u precisely ! same conditions4 ,"s ( ! mu*-vaunt$ new-com]s 7 f\nd to be old v>ieties re-nam$2 o!rs1 al?\gh sold at high prices & ass]t$ to be prodigies1 7 se5 to be comp>atively wor?less :5 gr[+ by ! side ( good old /&>d sorts2 ! majority nev] rose above m$iocrity "u ord9>y treatm5t2 b n[ & !n "o1 l ! ,%>pless1 fulfill$ ! promises made = x4 ,9 my next *apt] ,i %all v5ture to recomm5d ^? v>ieties :i* my own exp]i5ce & obs]vation h %[n to be be/ adapt$ to v>i\s soils & localities1 & %all also seek to prove t prop] cultivation has m to d ) success ?an ev5 ! selection ( favor$ k9ds4 ,nor w\ld ,i seek to dissuade ! proprietor ( ! ,home ,acre f te/+ ! _m novelties (f]$4 ,he w be sure to get a fair return 9 /rawb]ries1 & to 8 int]e/ 9 8 g>d5 w add ! pleasure & anticipation :i* accompany unc]ta9 exp]im5t4 ,9 brief1 he has f\nd an innoc5t =m ( gambl+1 :i* w injure nei!r pocket nor morals4 ,9 sl[-matur+ fruits we _c af=d to make mi/akes2 9 /rawb]ries1 "o prize out ( a doz5 blanks repays = ev]y?+4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,/rawb]ries ,!re is a v g5]al impression t light1 dry1 s&y soils are ! be/ = ! /rawb]ry4 ,j ! rev]se ( ?is is true4 ,9 its desire = moi/ure x is almo/ an aquatic plant4 ,exp]i5c$ horticulturi/s h le>n$ to recognize ?is tru?1 :i* ! ,hon4 ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild] has sugge/$ 9 ! foll[+ piquant mann]3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! /rawb]ry's *ief ne$ is a great deal ( wat]4 ,9 ! second place1 x ne$s m wat]4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ,i ?9k ,i %\ld give x a great deal m wat]4 ,:ile emphasiz+ ?is tru? ! read] %\ld at ! same "t be w>n$ aga9/ l& :]eon wat] /&s above ! surface 9 w9t] & spr+1 or /agnates b5ea? ! surface at any "t4 ,moi/ure is ess5tial to ! be/ results2 good dra9age is equally s4 ,! m>vell\s crops ( /rawb]ries rais$ 9 ,cali=nia "u well-direct$ sy/ems ( irrigation %\ld tea* u useful lessons4 ,! plants1 in/ead ( produc+ a p>tially develop$ crop )9 a few brief days1 cont9ue 9 be>+ ?r\gh weeks & mon?s4 ,x may (t5 be possible to supply abundantly on ! ,home ,acre ?is vital requirem5t ( moi/ure1 & ,i %all ref] to ?is po9t fur!r on4 ,my fir/ advice 9 reg>d to /rawb]ries is to set !m out imm$iately almo/ any:]e except ^u l& s rec5tly 9 grass t ! sod is /ill undecay$4 ,?is c\rse is bett] ?an n to h ! fruit at all1 or to wait = x ,a ye> )\t /rawb]ries is a lo/ ye> 9 "o s]i\s respect4 ,:ile !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 :at plants c d "u unfavorable conditions & :at !y c be made to d :5 _! ne$s are fully met1 !y w probably 9 any ev5t yield a fair supply ( delici\s fruit4 ,secure ?is z soon z possible4 ,at ! same "t rememb] t a plant ( a good v>iety is a g5ius capable ( wond]ful developm5t4 ,9 ord9>y circum/ances x is l ! mute1 +lori\s poets ^: en=c$ limitations 7 lam5t$ by ! poet ,gray2 b :5 its innate p[]s & gifts are fully n\ri%$ x exp&s into surpris+ proportions1 s5ds up hundr$s ( fl[]s1 :i* are foll[$ by ruby gems ( fruit ^: exquisite flavor is only surpass$ by its beauty4 ,no su* conc5trat$ ambrosia ev] grac$ ! fea/s ( ! ,olympian gods1 = !y 7 re/rict$ to ! humble ,frag>ia vesca1 or ,alp9e species4 ,9 discov]+ ! ,new ,_w1 ,columbus also discov]$ ! true /rawb]ry1 & di$ )\t ! k ( ?is result ( 8 a*ievem5t4 ,i c imag9e ! expression on ! faces ( ^? :o buy ! s\r1 crude1 half-ripe ,wilsons1 aga9/ :i* ! poet ,bryant inveigh$ s ju/ly4 ,! m>ket is flood$ ) ?is fruit because x be>s transportation ab\t z well z w\ld m>bles4 ,yes1 !y are /rawb]ries2 *oke-pe>s & ,seckels belong to ! same species4 ,!re is tru? en\gh 9 my exagg]ation to w>rant ! ass]tion t if we w\ld enjoy ! possible /rawb]ry1 we mu/ raise x ourselves1 & pick x :5 fully matur$--ready = ! table1 & n = m>ket4 ,!n any man's g>d5 c furni% some?+ bett] ?an 0 f\nd 9 ,ed54 ,hav+ />t$ a /rawb]ry-pat* )\t loss ( "t :]ev] x is h&ie/1 we c n[ give our att5tion to ! =mation ( an ideal b$4 ,9 ?is in/ance we mu/ %un ! %ade ( trees above1 & _! roots b5ea?4 ,! l& %\ld be op5 to ! sky1 & ! sun free to practice 8 al*emy on ! fruit ! great] "p ( ! day4 ,! mo/ favorable soil is a s&y loam1 v]g+ t[>d clay2 & x %\ld h be5 "u cultivation suffici5tly long to de/roy all roots ( grass & p]5nial we$s4 ,put on ! f]tiliz] ) a free h&4 ,if x is b>ny>d manure1 ! rate ( sixty tons to ! acre is n 9 excess4 ,a /rawb]ry plant has a l>ge appetite & excell5t dige/ion4 ,x pref]s decid$ly manure f ! c[-/able1 ?\gh t f ! horse-/able answ]s v well2 b x is n advisable to incorporate x ) ! soil 9 its raw1 unf]m5t$ /ate1 & !n to plant imm$iately4 ,! gr\nd c sc>cely be too ri* = /rawb]ries1 b x may easily be ov]heat$ & /imulat$4 ,9 f]tiliz+1 ev] keep 9 m9d ! two great requisites--moi/ure & coolness4 ,manure f ! horse-/able1 !re=e1 is almo/ d\bl$ 9 value z well z bulk if compo/$ ) leaves1 muck1 or sods1 & all[$ to decay be=e be+ us$4 ,next to enri*+ ! soil1 ! mo/ important /ep is to deep5 x4 ,if a pl[ is us$1 s9k x to ! beam1 & run x twice 9 a furr[4 ,if a lift+ subsoil-pl[ c foll[1 all ! bett]4 ,/rawb]ry roots h be5 trac$ two feet bel[ ! surface4 ,if ! situation ( ! plot does n admit ! use ( a pl[1 let ! g>d5] beg9 at "o side & tr5* ! area to at lea/ ! dep? ( eighte5 in*es1 tak+ pa9s to mix ! surface1 subsoil1 & f]tiliz] ev5ly & ?or\ghly4 ,a small plot ?us treat$ w yield z mu* z "o ?ree or f\r times z l>ge4 ,"o ( ! *ief advantages ( ?us deep5+ ! soil is t ! plants are insur$ aga9/ _! wor/ enemy--dr\ght4 ,h[ (t5 ,i h se5 b$s 9 e>ly ,june langui%+ = moi/ure1 ! fruit trusses ly+ on ! gr\nd1 fa9t+ "u _! burd51 & ! b]ries rip5+ prematurely into little m ?an dim9utive collections ( se$s6 ,:5 gr\nd has be5 deep5$ z ,i h said1 ! dr\ght mu/ be almo/ unp>allel$ to arre/ ! developm5t ( ! fruit4 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ favorable seasons1 h>d1 %all[ soils give b a brief p]iod ( /rawb]ries1 ! fruit rip5s all at once1 & al?\gh ! fir/ b]ries may be ( good size1 ! lat] ones dw9dle until !y are sc>cely l>g] ?an peas4 ,be sure to h a deep1 mell[ soil b5ea? ! plants4 ,su* a b$ c be made 9 ei!r spr+ or fall--inde$1 at any "t :5 ! soil is free f fro/1 & nei!r too wet nor dry4 ,i d n believe 9 prep>+ & f]tiliz+ gr\nd dur+ a p]iod ( dr\ght4 ,we w suppose ! "w has be5 done 9 ! spr+1 z e>ly z ! e>? 0 dry en\gh to crumble freely1 & t ! surface ( ! b$ is smoo?1 mell[1 & ready = ! plants4 ,/ret* a g>d5 l9e d[n ! l5g? ( ! plot two feet f ! out] edge1 & set ! plants along ! l9e "o foot ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,let ! roots be spread out1 n buri$ 9 a mat1 ! e>? press$ ,,firmly aga9/ !m1 & ! cr[n ( ! plant be exactly ev5 ) ! surface ( ! soil1 :i* %\ld also be press$ closely ar\nd x ) ! f+]s4 ,?is may seem m9ute detail1 yet mu* dismal exp]i5ce proves x to be ess5tial4 ,i h employ$ scores ( m51 & ! great majority at fir/ w\ld ei!r bury ! cr[ns out ( sight1 or else leave "p ( ! roots expos$1 & ! rema9d] s loose 9 ! soil t a %>p gale w\ld bl[ ! plants away4 ,!re is no "o s economical ( "t z ! hir$ man ^: "t is paid =4 ,he is ev] b5t on sav+ a m9ute or half-m9ute 9 ?is k9d ( "w4 ,on "o occasion ,i _h to reset a good "p ( an acre on :i* my m5 _h sav$ "t 9 plant+4 ,if ,i _h ask$ !m to save ! plants 9 ! ye> ( '#hf1 !y might h /ruck4 ,! fir/ r[ hav+ be5 set out1 ,i advise t ! l9e be mov$ =w>d ?ree feet4 ,?is w\ld make ! r[s ?ree feet ap>t--n too f> 9 gr\nd prep>$ z describ$1 & 9 view ( ! subsequ5t me?od ( cultivation4 ,! b$ may !re=e be fill$ up 9 ?is ratio1 ! plants "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[1 & ! r[s ?ree feet ap>t4 ,! next po9t 9 my sy/em1 = ! k9d ( soil nam$ 7= light1 s&y soils ano!r plan w be indicat$71 is to reg>d ea* plant z an individual t is to be develop$ to ! utmo/4 ,( c\rse only "y plants ( ! previ\s season's gr[? %\ld be us$4 ,if a plant has old1 woody1 black roots1 ?r[ x away4 ,plants set out 9 ,april w beg9 to blossom 9 ,may4 ,^! buds & blossoms %\ld be pick$ (f ru?lessly z soon z !y appe>4 ,nev] does av>ice ov]rea* itself m completely ?an :5 plants are p]mitt$ to be> ! same season 9 :i* !y are set out4 ,! "y1 half-e/abli%$ plant is dra9$ ( its vitality 9 produc+ a little imp]fect fruit2 yet ?is is p]mitt$ ev5 by f>m]s :o w\ld hold up _! h&s at ! idea ( h>ness+ a colt to a pl[4 ,! plants d n "k any?+ ab\t our purpose 9 reg>d to !m4 ,!y m]ely seek to foll[ ! law ( ,nature to propagate !mselves1 fir/ by se$s :i*1 /rictly speak+1 are ! fruit1 & !n by runn]s4 ,^! sl5d]1 t5dril-l gr[?s beg9 to appe> e>ly 9 summ]1 & if left un*eck$ w mat ! gr\nd ab\t ! p>5t ) "y plants by late autumn4 ,if we wi% plants1 let !m gr[ by all means2 b if fruit is our object1 :y %\ld we let !m gr[8 ,because ne>ly e "o seems to d x1 w\ld be1 p]haps1 ! mo/ rational answ]4 ,?is is a mi/ake1 = _m are beg9n+ to take j ! opposite c\rse ev5 :5 gr[+ /rawb]ries by ! acre4 ,let u fix our att5tion on a s+le plant4 ,x has a c]ta9 am\nt ( root pa/urage & space 9 :i* to gr[4 ,s9ce x is n p]mitt$ to produce an indef9ite numb] ( "y plants1 x beg9s to develop itself4 ,! soil is ri*1 ! roots are busy1 & !re mu/ be an outlet4 ,! orig9al plant _c =m o!rs1 & !re=e beg9s to produce fruit-cr[ns = ! com+ ye>4 ,all ! sap1 all ! increas+ p[] ( root & foliage1 are direct$ to prep>ation = fruit4 ,9 brief1 we h got ! plant 9 traces2 x is pull+ 9 ! direction we wi%1 x w ev5tually deliv] a load ( b]ries :i* w\ld surprise ^? :o tru/ simply to ,nature unguid$4 ,"s "o may object t ?is is a tr\blesome & exp5sive way ( gr[+ /rawb]ries4 ,d n ! facts 9 ! case prove ! rev]se8 ,a plant re/rict$ to a s+le root c be ho$ & work$ ar\nd l a hill ( corn or a currant-bu%4 ,) comp>atively little tr\ble ! gr\nd betwe5 ! r[s c be kept clean & mell[4 ,"u ! common sy/em1 :i* all[s ! runn]s to int]lace & mat ! gr\nd1 y soon h an almo/ endless am\nt ( h&-we$+ to d1 & ev5 ?is fails if :ite clov]1 sorrel1 & c]ta9 grasses once get a />t4 ,! sy/em ,i advocate =bids neglect2 ! runn]s mu/ be clipp$ (f z fa/ z !y appe>1 & !y cont9ue to gr[ f ,june till fro/2 b ! actual labor ( ! ye> is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,a little boy or girl c\ld keep a l>ge b$ clipp$ by ! occasional use ( a %e>s or knife be=e breakfa/2 & if ! gr\nd betwe5 ! plants is free ( runn]s1 x c be ho$ ov] 9 an h\r4 ,consid]+1 !re=e1 m]ely ! tr\ble & exp5se1 ! s+le-plant sy/em has ! facts 9 its favor4 ,b our object is n to gr[ /rawb]ry plants ) ! lea/ tr\ble1 b to h /rawb]ries ( ! l>ge/ & f9e/ quality4 ,9 addition to ease & ?or\ghness ( cultivation1 !re are o!r important advantages4 ,! s+le n>r[ r[ ( plants is m easily protect$ aga9/ w9t]'s fro/s4 ,light1 /rawy manure f ! horse-/able s]ves well = ?is purpose2 b x %\ld be light & free f heat4 ,i h se5 b$s de/roy$ by too heavy a cov]+ ( *unky1 rank manure4 ,x is n our purpose to keep ! b$s & plants f freez+1 b f alt]nately freez+ & ?aw+4 ,if sn[ fell on ! b$ 9 ,decemb] & la/$ till ,april1 no o!r protection w\ld be ne$$4 ,nature 9 ?is latitude has no sympa?y = ! c>eless man4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahhe1 9 ,janu>y1 & aga9 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 ! gr\nd 0 b>e1 unprotect$ plants 7 badly froz51 & 9 _m in/ances lift$ p>tly out ( ! gr\nd by midday ?aw+ & night freez+4 ,! only safe c\rse is to cov] ! r[s ?or\ghly1 b n heavily1 e>ly 9 ,decemb]4 ,if !n light /able-manure is n at h&1 leaves1 old bean-v9es1 or any dry refuse f ! g>d5 n conta9+ injuri\s se$s w answ]4 ,d n employ asp>agus-tops1 :i* conta9 se$4 ,( c\rse we want ?is vegetable1 b n 9 ! /rawb]ry b$4 ,l "s p]sons out ( _! prop] sph]e1 asp>agus may easily become a nuisance2 & x w dispossess o!r gr[?s ( _! rights & places z s]5ely z a ,knight ( ,labor4 ,! prop] balance mu/ be kept 9 ! g>d5 z well z 9 society2 & !re=e x is important to cov] our plants ) some?+ t w n spe$ily become a usurp]4 ,let x be a settl$ po9t1 !n1 t ! n>r[ r[s mu/ be cov]$ ?or\ghly out ( sight ) "s light mat]ial :i* w n re/ ) smo!r+ weight on ! plants or leave among !m injuri\s se$s4 ,light /able-manure is (t5 object$ to = ! reason t employ+ x is l s[+ ! gr\nd ) grass-se$4 ,if ! plants _h be5 all[$ to gr[ 9 matt$ b$s1 ,i w\ld n use ?is mat]ial = a w9t] cov]+1 unless x _h be5 all[$ to heat suffici5tly to de/roy ! grass & clov] se$ conta9$ 9 x4 ,i h se5 matt$ b$s protect$ ) /able-manure t 7 fit to m[ by ,june1 ! plants & fruit hav+ be5 ov] run ) grass4 ,no su* result ne$ foll[ if ! plants are cultivat$ 9 a s+le l9e1 = !n ! manure c be rak$ (f 9 e>ly spr+--fir/ ( ,april 9 our latitude--& ! gr\nd cultivat$4 ,!re is a great advantage 9 employ+ light manure if ! sy/em ,i advocate is foll[$1 = ! melt+ sn[s & ra9s c>ry ! ri*ness ( ! f]tiliz] to ! roots1 & w9t] protection s]ves a d\ble purpose4 ,we w n[ consid] ! prop] managem5t = ! second ye>1 :5 a full crop %\ld be yield$4 ,i "k t _m au?orities fr[n ^u cultivation dur+ ! second spr+1 be=e plants be> _! fruit4 ,i c n agree ) ?is view1 except 9 reg>d to v light soils1 & look ^u x z a relic ( ! old !ory t s&y l& 0 ! be/ = /rawb]ries4 ,take ! soil "u consid]ation1 a s&y loam1 = in/ance4 ,aft] ! fro/ is out1 ! e>? settl$1 & ! w9t] cov]+ rak$ (f1 ! soil "u ! spr+ sun gr[s h>d1 & by ,june is almo/ z solid z a roadb$4 ,e "o kn[s t l& 9 su* condition suff]s t5fold m sev]ely f dr\ght ?an if x 7 light & mell[ f cultivation4 ,p]5nial we$s t spr\t$ late 9 ! fall or e>ly spr+ get a />t1 & by fruit+-"t are rampant4 ,i d advocate ,,e>ly spr+ cultivation1 & by x ,i almo/ d\ble my crop1 :ile at ! same "t ma9ta9+ a ma/]y ov] ! we$s4 ,z soon z ! sev]e fro/s are ov]1 9 ,april1 ,i rake ! co>se/ ( ! /able-manure f ! plants1 leav+ ! f9] & decay$ portions z a f]tiliz]4 ,!n1 :5 ! gr\nd is dry en\gh to "w1 ,i h a man we$ out ! r[s1 & if !re are vacant spaces1 fill 9 ! r[s ) "y plants4 ,! man !n =ks ! gr\nd lightly betwe5 ! r[s1 & /irs ! surface m]ely among ! plants4 ,?us all ! h>d1 sodd5 surface is loos5$ or sc>ifi$1 & op5$ to ! reception ( air & light1 dew & ra94 ,! man is *>g$ emphatically t 9 ?is cultivation he mu/ n lift ! plants or di/urb ! roots to any ext5t4 ,if ,i f9d a plant ) its hold ^u ! gr\nd loos5$1 ,i "k !re has be5 c>eless "w4 ,be=e digg+ along ! r[ ! =k is sunk beside ! plants to prev5t ! soil f lift+ 9 cakes1 & ! plants ) !m4 ,9 brief1 pa9s are tak5 t ! plants %\ld be j z firm 9 ! soil aft] cultivation z be=e4 ,let ! read] c>efully obs]ve t ?is "w is done ,,e>ly 9 ,april1 :ile ! plants are comp>atively ,,dormant4 ,mo/ emphatically x %\ld n be done 9 ,may1 aft] ! blossoms beg9 to appe>4 ,if ! b$ has be5 neglect$ till t "t1 ! ,,surface ,,m]ely c be cultivat$ ) a hoe4 ,:5 ! plants h approa*$ s ne> to ! fruit+1 ! roots mu/ n be di/urb$ at all4 ,,e>ly cultivation gives "t = new roots to gr[1 & /imulates su* gr[?4 ,:]e ! r[s are suffici5tly long1 & ! gr\nd p]mits x1 ?is e>ly loos5+ ( ! soil is accompli%$ ) a horse-cultivator bett] ?an ) a =k1 ! hoe foll[+ & levell+ ! soil & tak+ out all we$s4 ,my next /ep dur+ ! second season is to mul* ! plants1 9 ord] to keep ! fruit clean4 ,)\t ?is mul* ! fruit is usually unfit = ! table4 ,a da%+ %[] spla%es ! b]ries ) mud & grit1 & ! fruit mu/ be wa%$ be=e x is eat52 & /rawb]ries ) _! sun-be/[$ beauty & flavor wa%$ away are z ridicul\s z is m]e noise f musical in/rum5ts4 ,to be cont5t ) su* fruit is l valu+ pictures by ! numb] ( squ>e in*es ( canvas6 ,9 p]fect+ a /rawb]ry1 ,nature gives "s ( h] f9e/ t\*es1 & x is n well to oblit]ate !m ) ei!r mud or wat]4 ,any light clean mat]ial w keep ! fruit clean4 ,i h f\nd spr+ rak+s ( ! lawn--m+l$ dead grass & leaves--"o ( ! be/4 ,leaves f a grove w\ld answ]1 7 x n = _! bl[+ ab\t 9 an untidy way4 ,( c\rse !re is no?+ bett] ?an /raw = ! /rawb]ry2 b ?is (t5 co/s z mu* z hay4 ,any clean litt] t w lie close to ! gr\nd & c be pu%$ up "u ! plants w answ]4 ,nor %\ld x be m]ely "u ! plants4 ,a man once mul*$ my r[s 9 su* a way t ! fruit hung ov] ! litt] on ! soil beyond4 ,a little common-s5se w meet ! requirem5t ( keep+ ! b]ries well away f ! loose soil1 :ile at ! same "t pres]v+ a neat aspect to ! b$4 ,p9e-ne$les & salt-hay are us$ :]e ^! mat]ials are abundant4 ,make x a rule to mul* z soon z possible aft] ! plants beg9 to blossom1 & also aft] a good soak+ ra94 ,9 ?is case ! litt] keeps ! gr\nd moi/4 ,if ! soil imm$iately ab\t ! plants is cov]$ :5 dry1 ! mul* may keep x dry--to ! great detrim5t ( ! =m+ b]ries4 ,x is usually be/ to put on ! mul* z soon z ! e>ly cultivation is ov] 9 ,april1 & !n ! b$ may be left till ! fruit is pick$4 ,( c\rse x may be necess>y to pull out "s rank-gr[+ we$s f "t to "t4 ,if ! hir$ man is left to d ! mul*+ v late 9 ! season1 he w probably cov] mu* ( ! gre5 fruit & blossoms z well z ! gr\nd4 ,aft] ! b]ries h be5 pick$1 ! rema9+ treatm5t ( ! ye> is v simple4 ,rake out ! mul*1 cultivate ! soil1 & keep ! plants free ( we$s & runn]s z dur+ ! previ\s ye>4 ,be=e h>d freez+ wea!r1 protect aga9 z be=e1 & give ! plants simil> treatm5t ! foll[+ spr+ & summ]4 ,"u ?is sy/em ! same plants may be kept 9 be>+ ?ree1 f\r1 & five ye>s1 accord+ to ! v>iety4 ,"s k9ds ma9ta9 _! vigor long] ?an o!rs4 ,aft] ! fir/ ye> ! disposition to run decl9es1 & ) ! ?ird ye>1 9 mo/ in/ances1 det]ioration 9 ! plant itself beg9s4 ,i w\ld !re=e advise t "u ?is sy/em a new b$ be made1 z describ$1 e ?ird ye>2 =1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 ! new b$ is unproductive ! fir/ ye>4 ,?is %\ld nev] be =gott5 if "o w\ld ma9ta9 a cont9u\s supply ( b]ries1 o!rwise he w be l ^? born on ! #bi? ( ,febru>y1 & h only occasional bir?days4 ,if ! old b$ is j :]e y wi%1 & has be5 prep>$ 9 ! ?or\gh mann] describ$1 x c be r5ew$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,:5 ! old plants beg9 to decl9e 9 vigor--say ! ?ird or f\r? spr+--a l9e ( well-decay$ compo/ & manure f ! c[-/able a foot wide may be spread ?ickly d[n betwe5 ! r[s1 dug "u deeply1 & "y plants set out j ov] ! f]tiliz]4 ,! old plants c be treat$ z has already be5 describ$1 & z soon z !y are ?r\gh be>+1 dug "u4 ,?is w\ld leave ! "y plants 9 full possession ( ! gr\nd1 & ! cultivation & managem5t = ?ree or m ye>s w\ld g on z already direct$4 ,?is c\rse involves no loss ( "t or *ange ( gr\nd = a long p]iods4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a new b$ c be made some:]e else1 ! plants w ?rive bett] ^u x4 ,unless !re are s]i\s objections1 a *ange ( gr\nd is always advantage\s2 = no matt] h[ lavi%ly ! plot is enri*$1 ! /rawb]ry appe>s to exhau/ c]ta9 requir$ con/itu5ts 9 ! soil4 ,cont9u$ vigor is bett] ma9ta9$ by wood-a%es p]haps ?an by any o!r f]tiliz]1 aft] ! soil is once deep5$ & enri*$1 & x may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! v be/ tonics = ! /rawb]ry plant4 ,bone-meal is almo/ equally good4 ,guano & k9dr$ f]tiliz]s are too /imulat+1 & h n ! /ay+ qualities requir$4 ,z has be5 intimat$ be=e1 ! /rawb]ry b$ may (t5 be s locat$ on ! ,home ,acre z to p]mit ( irrigation4 ,?is does n mean spr9kl+ & splatt]+ ) wat]1 b ! cont9u\s ma9t5ance ( abundant moi/ure dur+ ! critical p]iod f ! "t ! fruit beg9s to =m until x rip5s4 ,p>tial wat]+ dur+ a dr\ght is v injuri\s2 s also w\ld be too frequ5t wat]+4 ,if ! gr\nd c\ld be soak$ twice a week 9 ! ev5+1 & !n left to ! h>d5+ & matur+ influ5ce ( ! sun & w9d1 ! f9e/ results w\ld be secur$4 ,i am satisfi$ t 9 mo/ localities ! size ( ! b]ries & ! numb] ( qu>ts produc$ might be d\bl$ by judici\s irrigation4 ,! sy/em giv5 above applies n only to s&y loam1 b also to all v>ieties ( clay1 ev5 ! mo/ /ubborn4 ,9 ! latt] in/ance x w\ld be well to employ /able-manure 9 ! initial enri*+1 = ?is w\ld t5d to light5 & w>m ! soil4 ,c>e mu/ also be ex]cis$ 9 n work+ clay :5 x is too wet or too dry4 ,mul* also plays an important "p on heavy clay1 = x prev5ts ! soil f bak+ & crack+4 ,"o ( ! be/ me?ods ( prev5t+ ?is is to top-dress ! gr\nd ) /able-manure1 & hoe x 9 f "t to "t :5 fight+ ! we$s4 ,?is keeps ! surface op5 & mell[--a vital necessity = vigor\s gr[?4 ,few plants w ?rive :5 ! surface is h>d & bak$4 ,nev]!less1 if ,i _h to *oose betwe5 heavy clay & light s& = /rawb]ries1 ,i %\ld mu* pref] ! clay4 ,on ! la/-nam$ soil an abundant w9t] protection is absolutely necess>y1 or else ! plants w freeze entirely out ( ! gr\nd4 ,! native /ra9 ( cultivat$ /rawb]ries has s mu* vigor & p[] ( adaptation t pl5ty ( excell5t v>ieties c be gr[n on ! lighte/ soil4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 h[ev]1 we w\ld sugge/ important modifications 9 prep>ation & culture4 ,! soil1 z has be5 already %[n1 mu/ be treat$ l a sp5d?rift4 ,deep pl[+ or spad+ %\ld be avoid$1 z ! subsoil is too loose & lea*y already4 ,! initial enri*+ ( ! b$ %\ld be g5]\s1 b n lavi%4 ,y _c deposit f]tiliz]s = long-cont9u$ use4 ,i %\ld pref] to h>r[ or rake 9 ! manure1 leav+ x ne> ! surface4 ,! ra9s w c>ry x d[n fa/ en\gh4 ,"o ( ! v be/ me?ods is to op5 furr[s1 ?ree feet ap>t1 ) a light corn-pl[1 half fill !m ) decay$ compo/1 aga9 run ! pl[ ?r\gh to mix ! f]tiliz] ) ! soil1 !n level ! gr\nd1 & set out ! plants imm$iately ov] ! manure4 ,!y ?us get ! b5efit ( x be=e x c lea* away4 ,! accompli%$ horticulturi/ ,mr4 ,p4 ,t4 ,qu9n1 ( ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 has a*iev$ rem>kable success by ?is plan4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t on light l& /rawb]ry plants are n s long-liv$ & d n develop1 or /ool out1 z x is t]m$1 z on heavi] l&4 ,9 ord] to secure ! l>ge/ & be/ possible crop1 !re=e1 ,i %\ld n advise a s+le l9e ( plants1 b r a n>r[ b$ ( plants1 say eighte5 in*es wide1 leav+ eighte5 in*es = a walk4 ,i w\ld n all[ ?is b$ to be matt$ ) an indef9ite numb] ( little plants cr[d+ ea* o!r into feeble life1 b w\ld leave only ^? runn]s :i* _h tak5 root e>ly1 & de/roy ! re/4 ,a plant :i* =ms 9 ,june & ! fir/ weeks 9 ,july has "t to mature good-siz$ fruit-buds be=e w9t]1 especially if giv5 space 9 :i* to develop4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld be impossible if ! runn]s 7 all[$ to sod ! gr\nd ?ickly4 ,9 pr9ciple ,i w\ld c>ry out ! fir/ sy/em1 & give ea* plant space 9 :i* to gr[ ^u its own root z l>ge z x naturally w\ld 9 a light soil1 & ,i w\ld h a suffici5t numb] ( plants to supply ! defici5cy 9 gr[?4 ,on good1 loamy soil1 ! foliage ( s+le l9es ( plants1 ?ree feet ap>t1 w gr[ s l>ge z to t\* across ! spaces2 b ?is c\ld sc>cely be expect$ on light soil unless irrigation 7 comb9$ ) great f]tility4 ,nev]!less1 a b$ ) plants /&+ n too ?ickly ^u x w give an abundance ( sup]b fruit4 ,/rawb]ries gr[n 9 b$s may n require s mu* spr+ mul*+ to keep ! fruit clean1 b %\ld c>efully receive all t is ne$$4 ,w9t] protection also is n s indisp5sable z on heavi] soils1 b x always well repays4 ,a ?ick b$ ( plants %\ld nev] be protect$ by any k9d ( litt] :i* w\ld leave se$s ( v>i\s k9ds1 = "u ?is sy/em ( culture we$s mu/ be tak5 out by h&2 & ?is is always sl[1 back-a*+ "w4 ,:5 plants are gr[n 9 b$s x does n pay to cont9ue !m aft] fruit+ ! ?ird ye>4 ,= in/ance1 !y are set out 9 spr+1 & dur+ ! fir/ season !y are p]mitt$ to make a limit$ numb] ( runn]s1 & prep>e to fruit ! foll[+ ye>4 ,aft] ! b]ries are pick$ ! ?ird ye>1 dig ! plants "u1 & occupy ! gr\nd ) some?+ else4 ,on light soils1 & :]e ! plants are gr[n 9 b$s in/ead ( n>r[ r[s1 new b$s %\ld be set out e alt]nate ye>4 ,9 ord] to h an abundant supply ( "y plants x is only necess>y to let "o end ( a r[ or a small portion ( a b$ run at w4 ,!n new plants c be set out z desir$4 ,:ile m /rawb]ries are plant$ 9 spr+ ?an at any o!r "t1 c]ta9 advantages are secur$ by summ] & fall sett+4 ,?is is especially true ( g>d5s :]e9 e>ly crops are matur+1 leav+ ! gr\nd vacant4 ,= in/ance1 !re are areas f :i* e>ly peas1 beans1 or potatoes h be5 ga!r$4 ,suppose su* a plot is ready = some?+ else 9 ,july or ,augu/1 ! e>li] ! bett]4 ,unless ! gr\nd is v dry1 a b$ c be prep>$ z has be5 describ$4 ,if ! soil is 9 good condition1 ri* & deep1 x c be dug ?or\ghly1 & ! plants set out at once 9 ! cool ( ! ev5+1 or j be=e a %[]4 ,dur+ ! hot season a great advantage is secur$ if ! plants are set imm$iately aft] ! gr\nd is prep>$1 & :ile ! surface is /ill moi/4 ,x is un=tunate if gr\nd is made ready & !n p]mitt$ to dry out be=e plant+ takes place1 = wat]+1 no matt] h[ ?or\gh1 has n s good an influ5ce 9 />t+ new gr[? z ! natural moi/ure ( ! soil4 ,x w\ld be bett]1 !re=e1 to dig ! gr\nd late 9 ! aft]noon1 & set out ! plants ! same ev5+4 ,wat]+1 h[ev]1 %\ld nev] be disp5s$ ) dur+ w>m wea!r1 unless !re is a c]ta9ty ( ra92 & ev5 !n x does no h>m4 ,suppose "o wi%es to set a new b$ 9 ,july4 ,if he has /rawb]ries gr[+ on 8 place1 8 c\rse w\ld be to let "s ( 8 favorite v>ieties make new runn]s z e>ly z possible4 ,^! %\ld be well-root$ "y plants by ! middle ( ! mon?4 ,aft] ! new gr\nd is prep>$1 ^! c be tak5 up1 ) a ball ( e>? atta*$ to _! roots1 & c>ri$ c>efully to _! new />t+-place4 ,if !y are remov$ s g5tly z n to %ake (f ! e>? f ! roots1 !y w n "k t !y h be5 mov$1 b cont9ue to ?rive )\t wilt+ a leaf4 ,if su* transplant+ is done imm$iately aft] a soak+ ra91 ! soil w cl+ to ! roots s t5aci\sly z to ensure a transf] t w n cause any *eck ( gr[?4 ,b x is n necess>y to wait = ra94 ,at five 9 ! aft]noon soak ) wat] ! gr\nd 9 :i* ! "y plants are /&+1 & by six o'clock y c take up ! plants ) _! roots incas$ 9 cl++ e>?1 j z successfully z aft] a ra94 ,plants ?us transf]r$1 & wat]$ aft] be+ set out1 w n wilt1 al?\gh ! !rmomet] is 9 ! n9eties ! foll[+ day4 ,if "y plants are sc>ce1 take up ! /ronge/ & be/-root$ ones1 & leave ! runn] atta*$2 set out su* plants ) _! balls ( e>? f\r feet ap>t 9 ! r[1 & ) a lump ( e>? fa/5 d[n ! runn]s along ! l9e4 ,)9 a mon? ^! runn]s w fill up ! new r[s z closely z desirable4 ,!n all propagation 9 ! new b$ %\ld be *eck$1 & ! plants compell$ to develop = fruit+ 9 ! com+ season4 ,9 ?is latitude a plant ?us transf]r$ 9 ,july or ,augu/ w be> a v good crop ! foll[+ ,june1 & ! b]ries w probably be l>g] ?an 9 ! foll[+ ye>s4 ,?is t5d5cy to produce v l>ge fruit is *>act]i/ic ( "y plants set out 9 summ]4 ,x ?us may be se5 t plants set 9 spr+ c n produce a good crop ( fruit "u ab\t f\rte5 mon?s1 :ile o!rs1 set 9 summ]1 w yield 9 n9e or t5 mon?s4 ,i h set out _m acres 9 summ] & e>ly autumn ) ! mo/ satisfactory results4 ,!reaft] ! plants 7 treat$ 9 precisely ! same mann] z ^? set 9 spr+4 ,if ! plants mu/ be b\ght & transport$ f a di/ance dur+ hot wea!r1 ,i %\ld n advise ! pur*ase ( any except ^? gr[n 9 pots4 ,nurs]ym5 h made u famili> ) pot-gr[n plants1 = we fill our fl[]b$s ) !m4 ,9 l mann] /rawb]ry plants are gr[n & sold4 ,little pots1 ?ree in*es across at ! top1 are sunk 9 ! e>? along a /rawb]ry r[1 & ! runn]s s fa/5$ d[n t !y take root 9 ^! pots4 ,9 ab\t two weeks ! "y plant w fill a pot ) roots4 ,x may !n be sev]$ f ! p>5t1 & transport$ almo/ any di/ance1 l a v]b5a4 ,usually ! ball ( e>? & roots is sep>at$ f ! pot1 & is !n wrapp$ 9 pap] be=e be+ pack$ 9 ! %all[ box employ$ = %ipp+ purposes4 ,a nurs]yman once di/ribut$ 9 a summ] ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry a hundr$ ?\s& plants ( "o v>iety gr[n 9 ?is mann]4 ,! e>? encas+ ! roots su/a9$ ! plants dur+ transportation & aft] sett+ suffici5tly to prev5t any loss wor? m5tion+4 ,?is me?od ( ! plant-gr[] c easily be employ$ on ! ,home ,acre4 ,pots fill$ ) e>? may be sunk along ! /rawb]ry r[s 9 ! g>d51 ! runn]s made to root 9 !m1 & f !m transf]r$ to any "p ( ! g>d5 :]e9 we propose to make a new b$4 ,x is only a neat] & m c]ta9 way ( remov+ "y plants ) a ball ( e>? f ! op5 b$4 ,"s h adopt$ ?is sy/em 9 rais+ /rawb]ries = m>ket4 ,!y prep>e v ri* b$s1 fill !m ) pot-gr[n plants 9 ,june or ,july1 take f ^! plants "o crop ! foll[+ ,june1 !n pl[ !m "u4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 su* plants _c be b\ght 9 quantities be=e ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,z we g s\?1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]1 or ,novemb]1 accord+ to l[ness ( latitude1 are ! favorite mon?s = plant+4 ,i h _h excell5t success on ! ,hudson 9 late autumn plant+4 ,my me?od has be5 to cov] ! "y plants1 j be=e ! gr\nd froze1 ) two or ?ree in*es ( clean e>?1 & !n to rake x (f aga9 e>ly 9 ,april4 ,! roots ( su* plants become ?or\ghly e/abli%$ dur+ ! w9t]1 & />t ) d\ble vigor4 ,plants set out 9 ,,late autumn d be/ on light1 dry soils4 ,on heavy soils !y w be froz5 out unless well cov]$4 ,!y %\ld n be all[$ to be> ! foll[+ season4 ,a late-set plant _c be=e w9t] 9 our climate become /rong & /urdy en\gh to produce mu* fruit ! foll[+ season4 ,i make x a rule n to p]mit plants set out aft] ! fir/ ( ,octob] to be> fruit until a ye> f ! foll[+ ,june4 ,9 sett+ out plants1 ! pr9ciple ( sex %\ld be rememb]$4 ,! majority ( our favorite v>ieties are bisexual2 t is1 ! blossoms are furni%$ ) bo? /am5s & pi/ils4 ,a v>iety ) ?is organization1 z ! ,%>pless1 = in/ance1 w be> alone ) no o!r k9d ne> x4 ,b if "o set out a b$ ( ,*ampions--ano!r f9e v>iety--well ap>t f any /am9ate k9d1 x w\ld blossom pr(usely1 b produce no fruit4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy1 ,hovey's ,se$l+ 0 ! great /rawb]ry ( ! day1 & m>vell\s /ories 7 told ( ! productiv5ess ( ! plants & ! size ( ! b]ries4 ,h[ well ,i rememb] ! disappo9tm5t & wra? ( p :o b\ght ! plants at a high price1 & set !m out ) no /am9ate v>ieties ne> to f]tilize ! pi/illate blossoms4 ,expectations 7 rais$ to ! highe/ pit* by pr(use blossom+ 9 ,may1 b n a b]ry c\ld be f\nd ! ensu+ ,june4 ,! vigor\s plants 7 only a mock]y1 & ! p :o sold !m 7 b]at$ z humbugs4 ,to-day ! mo/ highly prais$ /rawb]ry is ! ,jewell4 ,! orig9ator1 ,mr4 ,p4 ,m4 ,augur1 writes me t plants set two feet by eighte5 in*es ap>t1 ,augu/ #a1 #ahhd1 9 ,june1 #ahhe1 completely cov]$ ! gr\nd1 t\*+ bo? ways1 & av]ag$ little ov] a qu>t to ! plant = ! c5tre pat*4 ,all runn]s 7 kept (f1 9 accordance ) ! sy/em advocat$ 9 ?is pap]4 ,at ,bo/on a silv] m$al 0 aw>d$ to ?is v>iety z ! be/ new /rawb]ry introduc$ )9 five ye>s4 ,p read+ su* laudation--well des]v$1 ,i believe--might conclude ! be/ is good en\gh = u1 & s5d = en\gh ,jewell plants to set out a b$4 ,if !y set no o!rs ne> x1 _! exp]i5ce w\ld be simil> to t :i* ,i witness$ 9 ! case ( ,hovey's ,se$l+ ?irty odd ye>s ago4 ,! blossom ( ! ,jewell conta9s pi/ils only1 & w produce no fruit unless a /am9ate v>iety is plant$ ne>4 ,i h nev] consid]$ ?is an objection aga9/ a v>iety2 = :y %\ld any "o wi% to raise only "o v>iety ( /rawb]ry8 ,all dang] ( b>r5ness 9 pi/illate k9ds is remov$ absolutely by plant+ /am9ate sorts 9 ! same b$4 ,9 nurs]ym5's catalogues pi/illate v>ieties are m>k$ ,p41 & ! pur*as] has m]ely to set out ! plants )9 a few feet ( "s p]fect fl[]+ k9d to secure abundant fruit4 ,z a result ( mu* exp]i5ce1 ,i w n[ make "s sugge/ions z to v>ieties4 ,9 a =m] pap] ,i h giv51 ! op9ions ( o!rs ^u ?is important subject1 & "o c foll[ ! advice ( su* em95t au?orities )\t misgiv+4 ,! e>lie/ /rawb]ry t ,i h ev] rais$1 & "o ( ! be/ flavor$1 is ! ,cry/al ,city4 ,x is evid5tly a wild v>iety dome/icat$1 & x has ! exquisite flavor & p]fume ( ! field-b]ry4 ,x r>ely fails to give u fruit 9 ,may1 & my *ildr51 ) ! un]r+ ta/e ( connoisseurs1 foll[ x up until ! la/ b]ry is pick$4 ,x w\ld run all ov] ! g>d5 un*eck$2 & ?is prop5sity mu/ be sev]ely curb$ to r5d] a b$ productive4 ,keep+ e>l9ess & high flavor 9 view1 ,i w\ld next recomm5d ! ,black ,defiance4 ,x is n rem>kably productive on _m soils1 b ! fruit is s delici\s t x well des]ves a place4 ,! ,du*ess & ,bidwell foll[ 9 ! ord] ( rip5+4 ,on my gr\nds !y h always made enorm\s plants1 & yield$ an abundance ( good-flavor$ b]ries4 ,! ,d[n+ is e>ly to m$ium 9 ! season ( rip5+1 & %\ld be 9 e collection4 ,! ,indiana is said to resemble ?is k9d1 & to be an improvem5t ^u x4 ,m9]'s ,prolific is ano!r k9dr$ b]ry1 & a mo/ excell5t "o4 ,among ! late/ b]ries ,i recomm5d ! ,%>pless ,*ampion1 or ,w9dsor ,*ief1 & ,p>ry4 ,if "o wi%es to raise a v l>ge1 late1 %[y b]ry1 let him try ! ,longfell[4 ,! ,cornelia is said to gr[ v l>ge & rip5 late1 b ,i h n yet fruit$ x4 ,z ,i said fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s ago1 if ,i 7 re/rict$ to b "o v>iety1 ,i %\ld *oose ! ,triomphe de ,g&1 a =eign k9d1 b well adapt$ to ri*1 heavy soils4 ,! b]ries beg9 to rip5 e>ly1 & la/ v late4 ,! ,memphis ,late has always be5 ! la/ to mature on my gr\nds1 &1 l ! ,cry/al ,city1 is ei!r a wild v>iety1 or else b slightly remov$4 ,! ,wilson is ! great b]ry ( comm]ce4 ,x is n ripe :5 x is r$1 & !re=e is r>ely eat5 9 p]fection4 ,let x get almo/ black 9 its rip5ess1 & x is "o ( ! ri*e/ b]ries 9 exi/5ce4 ,) a lib]al all[ance ( sug> & cream1 x makes a di% mu* too good = an av]age k+4 ,x is also ! be/ v>iety = pres]v+4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t all /rawb]ries1 unlike pe>s1 %\ld be all[$ to mature fully be=e be+ pick$4 ,_m a v>iety is condemn$ because ! fruit is eat5 prematurely4 ,!re is no ri*] b]ry 9 exi/5ce ?an ! ,w9dsor ,*ief1 yet ! fruit1 :5 m]ely r$1 is decid$ly disagreeable4 ,! read] c n[ make a selection ( k9ds :i* %\ld give him six weeks ( /rawb]ries4 ,at ! same "t he mu/ be w>n$ t plants gr[+ 9 a h>d1 dry1 poor soil1 & 9 matt$ b$s1 yield _! fruit almo/ toge!r1 no matt] h[ _m v>ieties may h be5 set out4 ,"u su* conditions ! /rawb]ry season is brief inde$4 ,:ile ,i 0 writ+ ?is pap] ! *ief enemy ( ! /rawb]ry came blund]+ & bump+ ab\t my lamp--! ,may beetle4 ,! l>va ( ?is insect1 ! well-kn[n :ite grub1 has an insatiable appetite = /rawb]ry roots1 & 9 "s localities & seasons is v de/ructive4 ,"o ye> ,i lo/ at lea/ "o hundr$ ?\s& plants by ?is pe/4 ,?is beetle does n (t5 lay its egg 9 well-cultivat$ gr\nd1 & we may reasonably hope to escape its ravages 9 a g>d54 ,if1 :5 prep>+ = a b$1 _m :ite grubs are f\nd 9 ! soil1 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly advise t ano!r locality be *os54 ,! only rem$y is to dig out ! l>vae & kill !m4 ,if y f9d a plant wilt+ )\t app>5t cause1 y may be sure t a grub is fe$+ on ! roots4 ,! /rawb]ry plant is comp>atively free f insect enemies & disease1 & r>ely disappo9ts any "o :o gives x a ti! ( ! att5tion x des]ves4 ,!re are _m po9ts 9 connection ) ?is fruit :i*1 9 a small treatise l ?is1 mu/ be m]ely t\*$ ^u or omitt$ altoge!r4 ,i may ref] ^? :o wi% to /udy ! subject m ?or\ghly to my "w1 ,success ) ,small ,fruits4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,kit*5-,,g>d5 ,! g>d5 %\ld be op5 to ! sky1 & z f> z possible un%ad$ by adjac5t trees f ! morn+ & aft]noon sun4 ,x is ev5 m ess5tial t ! trees be n s ne> t _! voraci\s roots c make _! way to ! ri* loam ( ! g>d54 ,n[ = ! soil4 ,we %\ld naturally suppose t t ( ,ed5 0 a deep s&y loam1 ) n too por\s a subsoil4 ,z we h already se5 aga9 & aga91 su* a soil appe>s to be ! laboratory 9 :i* we c assi/ ,nature to develop h] be/ products4 ,b ,nature has a pr(\nd respect = skill1 & :5 %e recognizes x1 l5ds a h& 9 secur+ excell5t crops f almo/ drift+ s& or /ubborn clay4 ,%e has ev5 assi/$ ! ,holl&] 9 wre/+ f ! ocean "o ( ! g>d5s ( ! _w4 ,we mu/ aga9 dwell on ! pr9ciples already emphasiz$1 t soils mu/ be treat$ accord+ to _! nature4 ,if too damp1 !y mu/ be dra9$2 if ( ! =tunate quality ( a s&y loam re/+ on a clay subsoil1 !y c be abundantly deep5$ & enri*$ f ! />t1 if ( a heavy clay1 incl9$ to be cold & wet 9 spr+1 & to bake & crack 9 summ]1 skill %\ld aim to light5 x & remove its in]tia2 f9ally1 z we h %[n1 a light1 por\s soil %\ld be treat$ l a sp5d?rift4 ,all soils1 except ! la/-nam$1 are mu* ! bett] = be+ enri*$ & deeply pl[$ or =k$ 9 ,octob] or ,novemb]4 ,?is exposes ! m\ld to ! sweet5+ & me*anical action ( fro/1 & ! f]tiliz]s incorporat$ ) x are gradually trans=m$ into j t condition ( plant food :i* ! rootlets take up ) ! greate/ ease & rapidity4 ,a light soil1 on ! contr>y1 %\ld n be work$ 9 autumn1 b be left intact aft] ! crops are tak5 f x4 ,9 "o respect a light soil & a /iff1 heavy "o %\ld be treat$ 9 ! same way1 b = diff]5t reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 f]tiliz]s %\ld be appli$ 9 mod]ation to ! surface1 & ra9s & ! cultivation ( ! gr[+ crops dep5d$ ^u to c>ry ! ri*ness d[nw>d to ! roots4 ,! por\s nature ( ! e>? mu/ ev] be borne 9 m9d2 f]tiliz]s pass ?r\gh x & disappe>1 & !re=e are appli$ to ! surface1 to delay ?is process & enable ! roots to obta9 z mu* nutrim5t z possible dur+ ! passage4 ,equal & ev5 great] advantages are secur$ by a top-dress+ ( b>ny>d manures & compo/s to ! heavie/ ( clay4 ,! surface ( su* soils1 left to ,nature1 becomes 9 hot1 dry wea!r l pott]y1 bak+ & crack+1 %ield+ f dew & %[]1 & prev5t+ all circulation ( air ab\t ! roots4 ,a top-dress+ prev5ts all ?is1 keeps ! surface op5 & mell[1 & supplies n only f]tility1 b ! me*anical conditions t are ess5tial4 ,if we are n[ ready to beg91 let u beg9 "r4 ,i h n mu* sympa?y ) f9ical1 fussy g>d5+4 ,"o ( ! *ief fasc9ations ( g>d5+ is ! endless field x af=ds = skilful sleight ( h&1 %ort-cuts1 unconv5tional me?ods1 & exp]im5ts4 ,! true g>d5] soon ceases to be a man ( rules1 & becomes "o ( /rategy1 ( exp$i5ts4 ,he is prompt to act at ! "r mom5t4 ,l ! arti/1 he is ev] seek+ & act+ ^u h9ts f ,nature4 ,! man ( rules says ! fir/ ( ,july is ! "t to set out w9t] cabbage2 & out ! plants g1 ?\gh ! sky be braz51 & ! m]cury 9 ! n9eties4 ,! g>d5] has 8 plants ready1 & = a few days wat*es ! sky4 ,at la/ he p]ceives t ra9 is com+2 !n he sets out 8 plants1 & ,nature's wat]+ />ts !m1 unwilt$1 on _! new gr[?4 ,at ! same "t ,i prote/ aga9/ c>eless1 slov5ly g>d5+--gr\nd imp]fectly prep>$1 crook$ r[s1 se$ half cov]$1 or cov]$ s deeply t ! g]ms are disc\rag$ long be=e !y rea* light4 ,"o ( ! be/ aids to success is a small compo/-heap compos$ equally ( manure f ! horse-/able1 ! c[-/able1 & ( leaves4 ,?is %\ld be all[$ to /& s long1 & be cut d[n & turn$ s (t51 t x becomes l a f9e black p[d]1 & is mu* ! bett] = be+ kept "u %elt] f sun & ra94 ,all :o hope to h a p]man5t g>d5 w naturally ?9k fir/ ( asp>agus--"o ( ! vegetables t h bee a longe/ 9 cultivation1 & "o :i* is ju/ly among ! mo/ valu$4 ,x 0 cultivat$ hundr$s ( ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & is to-day gr[+ 9 popul> e/eem among civiliz$ peoples4 ,9 ! matt] ( prep>ation ,i %all take issue ) _m ( ! au?orities4 ,i h read & kn[n ( in/ances :]e9 extraord9>y exp5se & pa9s h be5 be/[$ ^u ! asp>agus-b$4 ,! soil has be5 dug out to ! dep? ( two or m feet1 ! bottom pav$1 & ! homely1 h>dy roots1 accu/om$ to r\gh+ x ! _w ov]1 set out & t5d$ ) a c>e :i*1 if giv5 to a potato1 w\ld make x op5 its eyes4 ,!re are few m h>dy or widely di/ribut$ species ( vegetables ?an asp>agus4 ,x is a native ( ! sea-coa/s ( v>i\s c\ntries ( ,europe & ,asia4 ,accord+ to ,l\don1 x is abundant on ! s&y /eppes 9 ! int]ior ( ,russia4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,russia & ,pol& ! horses & c[s fe$ ^u x4 ,x gr[s freely 9 ! f5s ( ,l9coln%ire1 & is indig5\s to ,cornwall4 ,on ! bord]s ( ! ,euphrates ! %oots are s extraord9>ily l>ge & vigor\s t ,?ompson ?9ks x w\ld be to ! advantage ( g>d5]s to import roots f t region4 ,^! facts may indicate t too mu* /ress may h be5 laid on its "* z a m>9e plant4 ,yet x is true t x gr[s naturally on ! coa/ ( ,holl&1 9 ! s&y valleys & on ! d[ns1 :ile (f ,liz>d ,po9t x fl\ri%es naturally on an isl& :]e1 9 gales1 ! sea breaks ov] ! roots4 ,9 ?is c\ntry also x has escap$ cultivation1 & is e/abli%+ itself along our coa/s1 ,! tru? is t x is a plant end[$ ) a rem>kable p[] ( adaptation to all soils & climates1 & does n ne$ ! extravagant pett+ (t5 giv5 x4 ,on diff]5t portions ( my place *ance se$s h fall51 & annually produce almo/ z f9e heads z are cut f ! g>d54 ,nature !re=e tea*es :at exp]i5ce v]ifies--t asp>agus is "o ( ! mo/ easily gr[n & inexp5sive vegetables ( ! g>d54 ,f two small b$s we h rais$ dur+ ! pa/ eight ye>s twice z mu* z we c\ld use1 & at ! co/ ( v little tr\ble ei!r 9 plant+ or cultivation4 ,9 my ef=t to %[1 f ! h>dy nature ( ! asp>agus plant1 t extravagant prep>ation is unnecess>y1 let no "o conclude t ,i am oppos$ to a good1 ?or\gh prep>ation t accords ) common-s5se4 ,x is n = "o ye>'s crop t y are prep>+1 b = a vegetable t %\ld be productive on ! same gr\nd ?irty or =ty ye>s4 ,:at ,i said ( /rawb]ries applies "h4 ,a fair yield ( fruit may be expect$ f plants set out on ord9>y corn-gr\nd1 b m ?an d\ble ! crop w\ld be secur$ f gr\nd g5]\sly prep>$4 ,:5 ,i fir/ came to ,cornwall1 ab\t twelve ye>s ago1 ,i det]m9$ to h an asp>agus b$ z soon z possible4 ,i select$ a plot eighty feet long by ?irty wide1 ( s&y loam1 slop+ to ! s\?we/4 ,x _h be5 us$ z a g>d5 be=e1 b 0 greatly impov]i%$4 ,i gave x a good top-dress+ ( b>ny>d manure 9 ! autumn1 & pl[$ x deeply2 ano!r top-dress+ ( f9e y>d manure & a deep =k+ 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,!n1 rak+ ! surface smoo?1 ,i set a l9e along its l5g? on "o side4 ,a man took a spade1 sunk its l5g? 9 ! soil1 & pu%$ x =w>d /rongly4 ,?is action made an almo/ p]p5dicul> w$ge-%ap$ ap]ture j back ( ! spade4 ,! asp>agus plant1 ) its roots spread out fan-%ape1 0 sunk 9 ?is op5+ to a dep? t left ! cr[n ( ! plant betwe5 ?ree & f\r in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,!n ! spade 0 drawn out1 & ! soil left to fall ov] ! cr[n ( ! plant4 ,rapidly repeat+ ?is simple process1 ! :ole plot 0 soon set out4 ,! entire b$ 0 !n rak$ smoo?4 ,! r[s 7 ?ree feet ap>t1 & plants "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,a simil> plot c\ld sc>cely h be5 plant$ ) potatoes m quickly or at less exp5se1 & a good crop ( potatoes c\ld n h be5 rais$ on t poor l& ) less prep>ation4 ,a few ye>s lat] ,i made ano!r & small] b$ 9 ! same way4 ,! results h be5 entirely satisfactory4 ,i secur$ my object1 & _h pl5ty ( asp>agus at slight co/1 & h also sold & giv5 away l>ge quantities4 ,a bit ( exp]i5ce is (t5 wor? mu* m ?an !ory4 ,at ! same "t x is prop] t "s sugge/ions %\ld foll[ ?is brief record4 ,! asp>agus b$ %\ld be 9 well-dra9$ soil2 = :ile ! plant w gr[ on wet l&1 x w />t late1 & our aim is to h x e>ly4 ,aga91 ) asp>agus z ) ne>ly ev]y?+ else1 ! deep] & ri*] ! soil1 ! l>g] & m luxuriant ! crop4 ,li/5 to ,?ompson1 ! great ,engli% g>d5]3 ,if ! gr\nd has be5 dra9$1 tr5*$1 or made good to ! dep? ( ,,?ree feet1 z direct$ = ! kit*5-g>d5 g5]ally 61 t dep? w suffice = ! gr[? ( asp>agus4 ,we %\ld ?9k s2 yet ,i am fa/ rea*+ ! conclusion t "u mo/ circum/ances x w\ld 9 ! end repay u to secure t dep? ( ri* soil ?r\gh\t our g>d5s1 n only = asp>agus1 b = ev]y?+ else4 ,few ( ! ha/y1 slip%od g>d5]s ( ,am]ica h any idea ( ! results secur$ by ext5d+ root pa/urage to ! dep? ( ?ree feet in/ead ( six or sev5 in*es2 soil ?us prep>$ w\ld defy flood & dr\ght1 & ev]y?+ plant$ !re9 w\ld atta9 almo/ p]fection1 asp>agus includ$4 ,b :o has n se5 little g>d5s by ! roadside 9 :i* all ! escul5ts seem$ gr[+ toge!r mu* z !y w\ld be bl5d$ 9 ! pot !reaft]8 ,yet f su* pat*es1 half snat*$ f b>r5ness1 _m a he>ty1 :olesome d9n] results4 ,let u h a g>d5 at once1 !n improve x indef9itely4 ,i w give 9 brief j :at is ess5tial to secure a good & la/+ asp>agus b$4 ,we c if we *oose gr[ our own plants1 & ?us be sure ( good ones4 ,! se$ c be s[n 9 late ,octob] or ,,e>ly spr+ on light1 ri* soil 9 r[s eighte5 in*es ap>t4 ,an ounce ( se$ w s[ fifty feet ( drill4 ,if ! soil is light1 cov] ! se$ "o in* deep2 if heavy1 half an in*2 pack ! gr\nd lightly1 & cov] ! drill ) a good du/+ ( t f9e compo/ we spoke (1 or any f9e manure4 ,?is gives ! "y plants a good s5d-(f4 ,by ! use ( ! hoe & h&-we$+ keep !m scrupul\sly clean dur+ ! gr[+ season1 & :5 ! tops are kill$ by fro/ m[ !m (f4 ,i %\ld advise s[+ two or ?ree se$s to ! in*1 & !n :5 ! plants are ?ree in*es high1 ?9n+ !m out s t !y /& f\r in*es ap>t4 ,y ?us insure almo/ ! c]ta9ty ( good /rong plants by autumn2 = plants rais$ z direct$ are ready to be set out aft] "o season's gr[?1 & by mo/ g>d5]s are pref]r$4 ,9 mo/ in/ances good plants c be b\ght = a small sum f nurs]ym51 :o usually (f] = sale ^? t are two ye>s old4 ,/rong "o-ye>-olds are j z good1 b "u ord9>y culture are r>ely l>ge en\gh until two ye>s ( age4 ,i w\ld n set out ?ree-ye>-old plants1 = !y are apt to be /unt$ & enfeebl$4 ,y c easily calculate h[ _m plants y require by rememb]+ t ! r[s are to be ?ree feet ap>t1 & ! plants "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,n[1 :e!r y h rais$ ! plants y\rself1 or h b\ght !m1 y are ready to put !m :]e !y w gr[1 & yield to ! end ( y\r life probably4 ,aga9 ,i sub/antiate my position by quot+ f ! well-kn[n g>d5] & writ]1 ,mr4 ,joseph ,h>ris3 ,! old directions = plant+ an asp>agus b$ 7 well calculat$ to det] any "o f mak+ ! attempt4 ,i c recollect ! fir/ ,i made4 ,! labor & manure mu/ h co/ at ! rate ( a ?\s& doll>s an acre1 &1 aft] all 0 done1 no bett] results 7 obta9$ ?an we n[ secure at "o-t5? ( ! exp5se4 ,if ! gr\nd select$ = ! b$ is a well-dra9$ s&y loam1 is clean1 free f sod1 roots1 /ones1 etc41 ,i w\ld give x a top-dress+ ( six in*es ( good b>ny>d manure1 :i* by tr5*+ or pl[+ ,i w\ld ?or\ghly mix ) ! soil to ! dep? ( at lea/ two feet4 ,if ! gr\nd is n free f /ones1 roots1 & sod1 ,i %\ld put on ! manure1 z direct$1 9 ! autumn1 & beg9 on "o side ( ! prospective b$ & tr5* x all ov]1 m+l+ ! f]tiliz] ?r\gh ! soil4 ,! tr5*] c ?r[ out on ! surface back ( him e /one1 root1 & we$1 s t by ! "t he is ?r\gh !re is a suffici5t space ( gr\nd amply prep>$4 ,on all soils except a wet1 heavy clay ,i pref] autumn plant+4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,octob] or e>ly ,novemb] put 9 ! plants z expla9$ above1 or else make a /raight tr5* t w give room = ! spread+ ( ! roots1 & leave ! cr[ns betwe5 ?ree & f\r in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,!n level ! gr\nd1 & cov] ! r[ ) a light mul* ( /able-manure z y w\ld /rawb]ries4 ,if m conv5i5t to set out ! plants 9 spr+1 d s z soon z ! gr\nd is dry en\gh to crumble freely :5 work$4 ,9 ! spr+ rake (f ! mul*1 & z e>ly z possible =k ! gr\nd ov] lightly1 tak+ pa9s n to t\* or w\nd ! cr[ns ( ! plants4 ,! "y1 sl5d] %oots w soon appe>1 & sl5d] en\gh !y w be at fir/4 ,keep !m free ( we$s & let !m gr[ uncut all ?r\gh ! fir/ ye>2 m[ (f ! tops 9 late ,octob]1 & cov] ! entire b$ ) ?ree or f\r in*es ( co>se b>ny>d manure4 ,9 spr+ rake (f ! co>se/ ( ?is mul*1 f :i* ! ra9s & melt+ sn[s h be5 c>ry+ d[n ri*ness1 dig ! b$ ov] lightly once 7nev] w\nd+ ! roots or cr[ns ( ! plants71 & !n s[ salt ov] ! b$ till x is b>ely :ite4 ,let ! tops gr[ naturally & uncut ! second ye>1 & m]ely keep clean4 ,take precisely ! same action aga9 9 ! autumn & ! foll[+ spr+4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,april & ,may a few ( ! /ronge/ %oots may be cut = ! table4 ,?is %\ld be done ) a %>p knife a little bel[ ! surface1 s t ! soil may heal ! w\nd1 & c>efully1 le/ o!r heads j b5ea? ! surface be clipp$ prematurely4 ,cut f ! b$ v sp>+ly1 h[ev]1 ! ?ird ye>1 & let vigor\s foliage =m correspond+ root-p[]4 ,9 ! autumn ( ! ?ird & ! spr+ ( ! f\r? ye> ! treatm5t is precisely ! same4 ,9 ! f\r? season1 h[ev]1 ! %oots may be us$ freely to1 say1 ab\t ,june #bj1 aft] :i* ! plants %\ld be p]mitt$ to gr[ un*eck$ till fall1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 & increase ! root-p[]4 ,e ye> !reaft] !re %\ld be an abundant top-dress+ ( manure 9 ! fall1 & a c>eful digg+ ( ! gr\nd 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,light1 s&y soil1 cle> ( /ones1 is well adapt$ to asp>agus1 b %\ld be treat$ on ! pr9ciples already indicat$ 9 ?is "w4 ,!re %\ld be no attempt1 by tr5*+1 to r5d] a por\s subsoil m leaky4 ,x is useless to give ! b$ a ?or\gh initial enri*+4 ,put on a g5]\s top-dress+ e autumn & leave ! ra9s to d _! "w1 & good crops w result4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 a cold1 heavy clay mu/ be dealt )1 e ef=t %\ld be made to ameliorate x4 ,"w 9 a l>ge quantity ( s& at fir/1 if possible2 employ manures f ! horse-/able1 or o!r light & excit+ f]tiliz]s1 & !re w be no failure4 ,9 reg>d to ! use ( salt1 ,mr4 ,h>ris writes3 ,x is a popul> notion t common salt is exce$+ly b5eficial to asp>agus4 ,i d n "k t !re is any positive pro( ( ?is1 b1 at any rate1 salt w d no h>m1 ev5 if appli$ ?ick en\gh to kill _m ( our common we$s4 ,salt is usually s[n broadca/1 at ! rate ( t5 bu%els to ! acre4 ,until rec5tly ,i h gr[n asp>agus )\t salt4 ,h]eaft] ,i %all employ x 9 suffici5t degree to kill all we$s except ! /ronge/4 ,i %all s[ x e spr+ aft] ! b$ is dug until ! gr\nd is z :ite z if a flurry ( sn[ _h pass$ ov] x4 ,i ?9k salt is a good manure = asp>agus1 & _m o!r ?+s4 ,at any rate1 we secure a great advantage 9 keep+ our b$s free ( we$s4 ,i h writt5 ?us fully ( asp>agus because :5 a man makes a b$ z direct$ he makes x = a lifetime4 ,he c sc>cely f9d ano!r inve/m5t t w yield a l>g] return4 ,we h asp>agus on our table e day1 f ! middle ( ,april to ,july #a2 & ! annual c>e ( ! crop is f> less ?an t ( a cabbage-pat*4 ,i d n advise sev]e cutt+1 h[ev]1 aft] ! middle ( ,june1 = ?is reason3 x is well kn[n t ! mo/ pe/if]\s p]5nial we$ c be kill$ utt]ly if nev] all[$ to make foliage4 ,z foliage dep5ds ^u ! root1 s ! root dep5ds on foliage4 ,! roots ( asp>agus may !re=e be greatly enfeebl$ by too sev]e & long-cont9u$ cutt+4 ,av>ice always ov]rea*es itself4 ,9 "s localities ! asp>agus beetle de/roys :ole plantations4 ,?ompson1 ! ,engli% au?ority1 says3 ,! l>vae1 beetles1 & eggs are f\nd f ,june to ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,pick+ (f ! l>vae & beetles1 or %ak+ !m into receptacles1 appe>s to be ! only rem$y4 ,pet] ,h5d]son1 9 8 valuable book1 ,g>d5+ = ,pr(it1 figures ?is insect & its l>vae accurately1 & says3 ,:5ev] ! eggs or l>vae appe>1 cut & burn ! plants z long z any traces ( ! insect are se54 ,?is mu/ be done if x de/roys e ve/ige ( vegetation4 ,he & o!r au?orities speak ( ! advantage ( coop+ a h5 & *ick5s 9 ! b$4 ,mo/ emphatically w\ld ,i recomm5d ?is latt] c\rse1 = ,i h tri$ x ) v>i\s vegetables4 ,active broods ( little *ick5s "h & !re 9 ! g>d5 are ! be/ ( insecticides1 & pay = !mselves twice ov] 9 ?is s]vice alone4 ,we w next speak ( ! ,,onion1 because x is s h>dy t ! e>li] x is plant$ 9 spr+ ! bett]4 ,inde$1 ,i h (t51 ) great advantage1 s[n ! se$ on light soils ! fir/ ( ,septemb]1 & w9t]$ ov] ! "y plants 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,nature evid5tly int5d$ ! onion = humanity 9 g5]al1 = %e has end[$ ! plant ) ! p[] to fl\ri% f ! tropics to ! colde/ limit ( ! temp]ate zone4 ,:ile onions are gr[n 9 all sorts ( c>eless ways1 l o!r vegetables1 x is by f> ! be/ plan to select a space = an annual & p]man5t b$1 j z we d = asp>agus4 ,unlike mo/ o!r crops1 ! onion does n require *ange ( gr\nd1 b usually does bett] on ! same soil = an indef9ite numb] ( ye>s4 ,!re=e ,i w\ld advise t ^u ! ,home ,acre ! onion1 l ! asp>agus b$1 %\ld be made ) a view to p]man5ce4 ,n mu* success c be hop$ = on r\gh1 poor l&4 ,! onion1 l ! asp>agus b$1 %\ld be made & ma9ta9$ ) "s c>e4 ,if possible1 select a light1 well-dra9$1 b n dry plot4 ,make ! soil ri*1 deep1 mell[1 to ! dep? ( tw5ty in*es1 tak+ out all /ones1 roots1 etc42 cov] ! l& ) at lea/ six in*es ( good /rong b>ny>d manure4 ,?is %\ld be done 9 ! autumn4 ,s[ ! gr\nd :ite ) salt1 z 9 ! case ( asp>agus1 & !n m+le ^! f]tiliz]s ?or\ghly ) ! soil1 by =k+ or pl[+ x at once1 leav+ ! surface z r\gh z possible1 s t ! fro/ c p5etrate deeply4 ,j z soon z ! gr\nd is dry en\gh to "w 9 ! spr+1 =k or pl[ aga91 break+ e lump & rak+ all smoo?1 s t ! surface is z f9e z ! soil 9 a hot-b$4 ,y _c hope = mu* 9 heavy1 lumpy gr\nd4 ,s[ at lea/ ?ree se$s to ! in* 9 a %all[ drill "o in* deep1 & spat ! e>? firmly ov] ! se$ ) ! back ( a spade or ) y\r h&4 ,9 subsequ5t culture little m is requir$ ?an keep+ ! ,,m]e ,,surface /irr$ ) a hoe1 & ! r[s clean ( we$s4 ,onions are n b5efit$ by deep /irr+ ( ! soil1 b ! surface1 f ! />t1 %\ld be kept clean & sc>ifi$ an in* or two deep betwe5 ! r[s dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,i pref] to h my onions gr[+ at ! rate ( "o or two to e in* ( r[1 = ,i d n l l>ge bulbs4 ,i ?9k t mod]ate-siz$ onions are bett] = ! table4 ,^? :o value l>g5ess %\ld ?9 out ! plants to ?ree or f\r in*es ap>t2 b ev5 9 ! m>ket !re is less dem& = l>ge1 co>se onions4 ,:5 ! tops beg9 to fall ov] f _! own weight1 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]1 leave !m to mature & rip5 naturally4 ,:5 ! tops beg9 to dry up1 pull !m f ! soil1 let !m dry ?or\ghly 9 ! sun1 & !n spread !m ?9ly 9 a dry l(t till !re is dang] ( _! freez+4 ,ev5 !re !y w keep bett]1 if cov]$ deeply ) /raw1 hay1 etc41 ?an 9 a damp cell>4 ,:]ev] ! air is damp & a little too w>m1 onions w spe$ily />t to gr[ aga91 & soon become wor?less4 ,aft] ! crop has be5 tak51 ! gr\nd %\ld be treat$ z at fir/--?or\ghly enri*$ & pulv]iz$ late 9 autumn1 & left to lie 9 a r\gh /ate dur+ ! w9t]1 !n prep>$ = plant+ z e>ly z possible4 ,i pref] ,m>* s[+ ( ! se$ to ,april1 & ,april1 by f>1 to ,may4 ,9 ,engl& !y try to plant 9 ,febru>y4 ,inde$1 z ,i h said1 ,i h _h excell5t success by s[+ ! se$ e>ly 9 ,septemb] on light soils1 & lett+ ! plants gr[ dur+ all ! mild days ( fall1 w9t]1 & e>ly spr+4 ,by ?is c\rse we h onions fit = ! table & m>ket ! foll[+ ,may4 ,9 ?is latitude !y ne$ ! protection ( a little co>se litt] f ,decemb] #a to ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*4 ,only ! v sev]e/ fro/ injures !m4 ,mo/ ( u h se5 onions1 ov]look$ 9 ! fall ga!r+1 gr[+ vigor\sly z soon z ! ?aws began 9 spr+4 ,?is fact conta9s all ! h9t we ne$ 9 w9t]+ ov] ! vegetable 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,if ! se$ is s[n late 9 ,septemb]1 ! plants d n usually acquire suffici5t /r5g? 9 ?is latitude to resi/ ! fro/4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 to secure our ma9 crop by v e>ly spr+ s[+s1 & x may be said "h t aft] ! second ?or\gh pulv]ization ( ! soil 9 spr+1 ! gr\nd w be 9 su* good condition t1 if well enri*$ & /irr$ late 9 autumn1 x w only ne$ levell+ d[n & smoo?+ (f be=e ! spr+ s[+4 ,onions appe> to d be/ on a compact soil1 if ri*1 deep1 & clean4 ,x is ! ,,surface m]ely t ne$s to be /irr$ lightly & frequ5tly4 ,if "y gre5 onions ) ?91 succul5t tops are desir$ v e>ly 9 spr+1 x w be an int]e/+ exp]im5t to s[ ! se$ ! latt] "p ( ,augu/ or e>ly 9 ,septemb]4 ,ano!r me?od is to leave a r[ ( onions 9 ! g>d5 :]e !y rip5$4 ,:5 ! autumn ra9s beg91 !y w />t to gr[ aga94 ,! w9t] w n h>m !m1 & ev5 9 ,april !re w be a /rong gr[? ( gre5 tops4 ,! se$ /alk %\ld be pick$ (f z soon z x appe>s 9 spr+1 or else ! :ole /r5g? w spe$ily g to ! =mation ( se$4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t good onions c n be produc$ v f> to ! s\? by s[+ ! small gunp[d]-l se$4 ,9 our own & especially 9 w>m] climates a great advantage is secur$ by employ+ :at are kn[n z onion sets4 ,^! are produc$ by s[+ ! ord9>y black se$ v ?ickly on light poor l&4 ,be+ mu* cr[d$1 & n hav+ mu* nutrim5t1 ! se$ develop into little onions f ! size ( a pea to t ( a walnut1 ! small] ! bett]1 if !y are solid & plump4 ,^!1 press$ or sunk1 ab\t ?ree in*es ap>t1 into ri* g>d5 soil ab\t an in* deep1 j z soon z ! fro/ is out1 make f9e bulbs by ! middle ( ,june4 ,= in/ance1 we _h 9 our g>d5 pl5ty ( onions ?ree in*es 9 diamet] f ^! little sets1 :ile ! se$1 s[n at ! same "t1 w n yield good bulbs be=e ,augu/4 ,!re is b little ne$ ( rais+ ^! sets1 = x is r difficult to keep !m 9 good condition ov] ! w9t]4 ,any se$sman w furni% !m1 & !y are usually on sale at c\ntry /ores4 ,?ree or f\r qu>ts1 if 9 good condition1 w supply a family abundantly1 & leave _m to be us$ dry dur+ ! autumn4 ,insi/ on plump little bulbs4 ,if y plant !m e>ly1 z y %\ld1 y w be m apt to get good sets4 ,_m neglect ! plant+ till ! sets are half dri$ up1 or s badly spr\t$ z to be wellnigh wor?less4 ,!y usually come 9 ! =m ( :ite & yell[ sets1 & ,i plant an equal numb] ( ea*4 ,! *ief insect enemies are onion maggots1 ! l>vae ( ! onion fly4 ,^! bore ?r\gh ! out] leaf & d[n into ! bulb1 :i* !y soon de/roy4 ,i "k ( no rem$y b to pull up ! yell[ & sickly plants1 & burn !m & ! pe/s toge!r4 ,! free use ( salt 9 ! fall1 & a light top-dress+ ( wood-a%es at ! "t ( plant+1 t5d to subdue ^! insects2 b ! be/ c\rse is prev5tion by deeply cultivat+ & ?or\ghly enri*+ 9 ! fall1 leav+ ! gr\nd r\gh & unev5 = ! deep action ( fro/1 & by s[+ ! se$ ,,v e>ly 9 spr+4 ,i h f\nd t ! insect usually attacks late-s[n & feeble plants4 ,if ! maggot 7 9 my g>d51 ,i %\ld use ! little sets only4 ,"s special manures h be5 employ$ 9 atta9+ ! greate/ success ) ?is vegetable4 ,9 ,engl&1 pigeon-dung & ! clean+s ( ! pig/y are ext5sively employ$4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! sweep+s ( ! h5-roo/ are g5]ally recomm5d$4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t all ^! are /rong ag5ts1 & if br\ght 9 contact ) ! roots ( any vegetable :ile 9 a crude1 undilut$ /ate1 burn l fire1 especially 9 our climate4 ,:at c be done 9 safety 9 ,engl& w n answ] "u our vivid sun & 9 our frequ5t dr\ghts4 ,^! /rong f]tiliz]s c\ld be d\bl$ 9 value z well z bulk by be+ compo/$ ) sods1 leaves1 etc41 & !n1 aft] hav+ be5 mix$1 all[$ to decay ?or\ghly4 ,!n ! compo/ c be us$ ) great advantage z a top-dress+ directly ov] ! drills :5 ei!r sets or se$s are plant$4 ,! spr+ ra9s w c>ry ! ri*ness f ! surface to ! roots1 & insure a v vigor\s gr[?4 ,:5 ! compo/ nam$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is pap] is us$1 ,i s[ x ?ickly ,,9 ! drill1 draw a po9t$ hoe ?r\gh once m1 to m+le ! f]tiliz] ) ! soil1 & !n =?) s[ ! se$s or put 9 ! sets "o in* deep2 & ! result is imm$iate & vigor\s gr[?4 ,wood-a%es & bone-du/ are excell5t f]tiliz]s1 & %\ld be s[n on ! surface on ! r[ z soon z plant$1 & gradually work$ 9 by we$+ & cultivation dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,manure f ! pig/y1 :]e9 we$s1 litt]1 sods1 muck1 etc41 h be5 ?r[n freely dur+ ! summ]1 may be spread broadca/ ov] ! onion b$ 9 ! autumn1 & work$ 9 deeply1 l ! product ( ! b>ny>d4 ,! onion b$ c sc>cely be made too ri* z long z ! manure is n appli$ 9 its crude1 unf]m5t$ /ate at ! "t ( plant+4 ,!n1 if ! se$ is put 9 v e>ly1 x gr[s too /rongly & quickly = insects to d mu* damage4 ,v>ieties4--,?ompson 9 8 ,engli% "w names n9ete5 v>ieties ) _m synonyms2 ,h5d]son (f]s ! se$ ( ?irte5 v>ieties2 ,gregory1 ( sev5te5 k9ds4 ,!re is no ne$ ( our be+ confus$ by ?is latitude ( *oice4 ,we f9d x 9 ! great majority ( fruits & vegetables (f]$ by nurs]ym5 & se$sm54 ,ea* ( ! old v>ieties t h surviv$ ! te/ ( ye>s has c]ta9 good qualities :i* make x valuable1 especially 9 c]ta9 localities4 ,_m ( ! novelties 9 vegetables1 z among fruits1 w soon disappe>2 a few w take _! place among ! /&>d sorts4 ,9 ! case ( ! kit*51 z well z 9 ! fruit1 g>d51 ,i %all give ! op9ion ( m5 :o h a celebrity z wide z ! cont95t = actual exp]i5ce1 & mode/ly add occasionally "s views ( my own :i* are ! result ( obs]vation4 ,z a *oice = ! home-g>d51 ,mr4 ,h5d]son recomm5ds ! foll[+ v>ieties ( onions3 ,extra ,e>ly ,r$1 ,yell[ ,globe ,danv]s1 ,:ite ,portugal or ,silv] ,sk91 & ,s\?port ,yell[ ,globe4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,h>ris1 ! well-kn[n & practical au?or3 ,yell[ ,danv]s1 ,extra ,e>ly ,l>ge ,b$1 & ,:ite ,globe4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,h4 ,gregory3 ,new ,que51 ,e>ly ,yell[ ,ack]1 ,yell[ ,danv]s1 ,e>ly ,r$ ,globe ,danv]s1 ,l>ge ,r$ ,we!rsfield4 ,!y all recomm5d onion sets4 ,! ,que5 onion is q di/9ct4 ,= ! home table1 :]e e>l9ess1 z well z quality1 size & quantity is desir$1 ,i ?9k ! ,que5 des]ves a place4 ,x is admirably fitt$ = pickl+4 ,i h tri$ all ! v>ieties nam$1 ) good success1 & gr[n "s ( ! l>ge/ k9ds to six in*es 9 diamet]4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,kit*5-,,g>d5 7conclud$7 ,9 ! la/ *apt] ,i dwelt some:at at l5g? on two vegetables = :i* ?or\gh & endur+ prep>ation is pr(itable4 ,!re is "o o!r v e>ly g>d5 product :i* requires our att5tion dur+ ! fir/ w>m days ( spr+--rhub>b2 sold 9 "s in/ances "u ! "n ( w9e-plant4 ,w9e is made f ! juicy /alks1 b x is an un:olesome bev]age4 ,! p call rhub>b pie-plant2 & ?is t]m sugge/s its be/ & mo/ common use1 al?\gh :5 cook$ z if x 7 a fruit1 x is v grateful at a season :5 we beg9 to crave ! subacid 9 our food4 ,its cultivation is v simple4 ,^? :o propose to produce x l>gely = m>ket w f9d x to _! advantage to raise ?is plant f ! se$2 b = ! ,home ,acre en\gh plants c be procur$1 at a mod]ate co/1 f almo/ any nurs]yman4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 also1 ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil is ess5tial1 = ! rhub>b b$1 "u good c>e1 w la/ eight or t5 ye>s4 ,a ri*1 deep1 clean1 w>m soil is ! *ief ess5tial4 ,x belongs to t class ( vegetables kn[n z gross fe$]s4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye>1 h[ev]1 ,i w\ld apply ! f]tilis] directly to ! hills or plants4 ,^! are obta9$ by divid+ ! old roots1 :i* may be cut to pieces d[nw>d s z to leave a s+le bud or eye surm\nt+ a long tap]+ portion ( root4 ,ea* division w make a new1 vigor\s plant1 :i* %\ld be set out s t ! bud or cr[n is ?ree in*es bel[ ! surface 9 light soils1 & two in*es 9 heavy soils4 ,! plants %\ld be f\r feet ap>t ea* way1 & two or ?ree %ovelfuls ( ri* compo/ work$ into ! soil :]e ! plant is to /&4 ,y _c make ! gr\nd too ri*2 only rememb] t 9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r in/ances1 light1 f]m5t+ manures %\ld n be br\ght into imm$iate contact ) ! roots4 ,plant 9 ei!r autumn or spr+4 ,9 ?is latitude & s\?w>d ,i %\ld pref] autumn2 nor?w>d1 p]haps spr+ is ! be/ season4 ,keep ! int]v5+ gr\nd clean & mell[1 & pull no /alks ! fir/ ye>1 unless x be 9 ! autumn if ! plants h become v /rong4 ,9 ! fall1 :5 ! foliage has di$ d[n1 cov] ! cr[ns ) two or ?ree %ovelfuls ( ri* manure--any k9d w d 9 ?is in/ance--& "w 9 a heavy top-dress+ all ov] ! gr\nd e>ly 9 spr+4 ,unless se$ is requir$1 always cut d[n ! se$-/alks z soon z !y appe>4 ,! be/ e>ly v>iety is ! ,l9naeus4 ,! ,victoria is a little lat]1 b mu* l>g]1 & is ! k9d t ,i h usually gr[n4 ,radi%-se$ may be s[n "o in* deep z soon z ! gr\nd is dry en\gh 9 spr+1 & if ! vegetable is a favorite1 ! s[+ may be repeat$ e two weeks4 ,a common error is to s[ ! se$ too ?ickly4 ,a w>m1 ,,ri* soil is all t is necess>y to secure a crop4 ,:at has be5 said ab\t radi%es applies equally to e>ly turnips1 ) ! exception t ! plants :5 ?ree in*es high %\ld be ?9n$ s z to /& f\r in*es ap>t4 ,! gr\nd = ^! vegetables %\ld be v ri*1 s z to secure a v rapid gr[?2 = o!rwise !y are attack$ by a little :ite worm :i* soon r5d]s !m unfit = use4 ,mr4 ,h>ris recomm5ds ! foll[+ v>ieties ( e>ly radi%es1 & 8 selection co9cides ) my own exp]i5ce3 ,b\nd ,sc>let ,turnip1 ,fr5* ,breakfa/1 ,rose 7olive-%ap$71 ,long ,sc>let ,%ort-top4 ,w9t] radi%es3 ,cali=nia ,mammo? ,:ite1 & ,*9ese ,rose4 ,= spr+ s[+ ( turnips1 ,mr4 ,h5d]son recomm5ds ,r$-top ,/rap-leaf1 & ,e>ly ,flat ,dut*4 ,! e>li] !y are s[n ! bett]4 ,beets--a mu* m valuable vegetable--require simil> treatm5t4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be clean1 well pulv]iz$1 & v ri*4 ,i pref] to s[ ! se$ ! fir/ week 9 ,april1 unless ! soil is froz51 or v cold & wet4 ,! se$ may be s[n1 h[ev]1 at any "t to ! fir/ ( ,july2 b e>l9ess is usually our *ief aim4 ,i s[ two in*es deep & ?ickly1 press+ ! soil firmly ov] ! se$4 ,let ! r[s be ab\t fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,ref]r+ to ! manure :i* _h be5 left to decay 9 a %elt]$ place until x became l f9e dry p[d]1 let me say "h t ,i h always f\nd x ( great] advantage to s[ x ) ! beet-se$ & k9dr$ vegetables4 ,my me?od is to op5 ! drill along ! g>d5-l9e ) a %>p-po9t$ hoe1 & scatt] ! f]tiliz] 9 ! drill until ! soil is q black5$ by x2 !n draw ! po9t$ hoe ?r\gh once m1 to m+le ! p[d]y manure ) ! soil & to make ! drill ( an ev5 dep?2 !n s[ ! se$ at once4 ,?is ?or\ghly decay$ /able-manure has become ! be/ ( plant-food2 x w>ms ! gr\nd1 & c>ries ! g]m9at+ se$ & "y plants ) vigor ?r\gh ! fir/ cold1 wet weeks4 ,9 ! home g>d5 !re are sev]al reasons = s[+ beet-se$ ?ickly4 ,unfavorable wea!r & insects w be less apt to cause a ?91 brok5 /& ( plants4 ,9 ord] to produce good roots1 h[ev]1 ! plants %\ld be ?9n$ out s z to /& ev5tually ?ree or f\r in*es ap>t ,i d n advise v l>ge1 co>se roots = ! table4 ,= home use ,i ?9k only ?ree v>ieties are ess5tial4 ,! ,egyptian ,turnip ,beet is ! be/ v e>ly v>iety1 & c be plant$ closely1 z x has a small top2 ! ,bassano is next 9 e>l9ess1 & requires m room2 ! ,e>ly ,blood ,turnip is ! be/ = a g5]al crop & w9t] use4 ,! beet is a root :i* det]iorates rapidly f age2 ,i !re=e advise t ! se$ ( ! w9t] supply be s[n ! la/ ( ,june or fir/ ( ,july 9 our latitude4 ,p>snips %\ld be s[n at ! same "t ) e>ly beets & 9 ! same way1 ) ! exception t ! se$ %\ld be cov]$ only an in* deep4 ,i d\bt :e!r !re are any m>k$ di/9ctions 9 v>iety1 & w\ld advise t only ! ,long ,smoo? or ,holl[-cr[n$ be s[n4 ,! c>rot is n q s h>dy z ! p>snip1 & ! se$ may be s[n a week or two lat]1 or inde$ at any "t up to ! middle ( ,june4 ,its culture & treatm5t are precisely l ^? ( ! p>snip2 b ! roots %\ld be ga!r$ & /or$ be=e a sev]e fro/ occurs4 ,= home use a %ort r[ ( ! ,e>ly ,horn w answ]2 = ! g5]al crop1 s[ ! ,long ,orange4 ,vegetable-oy/]1 or salsify1 is ano!r root-crop :i* may be treat$ precisely l ! p>snip1 & ! se$ s[n at ! same "t4 ,! se$ %\ld be s[n 9 a deep1 ri*1 mell[ soil1 :i* is all ! bett] = be+ prep>$ 9 autumn4 ,plant1 z e>ly 9 ,april z possible1 9 ! same mann] z describ$ = beets1 ?9 out to f\r in*es ap>t1 & keep ! soil clean & mell[ ?r\gh\t ! entire season2 = ?is vegetable gr[s until ! gr\nd freezes4 ,!re is only "o v>iety4 ,! pea is ano!r crop :i* may be put into ! gr\nd z soon z ! fro/ is out--! e>li] ! bett]1 if ! smoo?1 h>dy v>ieties are s[n4 ,!re are s _m v>ieties t ! novice to-day may well be excus$ = p]plexity 9 *oice4 ,?ompson1 ! ,engli% au?ority1 gives =ty k9ds1 & "o hundr$ & =ty-eight synonyms4 ,mr4 ,gregory recomm5ds ! ,am]ican ,wond]1 ,bliss's ,abundance1 ,bliss's ,ev]-be>+1 ,mc,lean's ,advanc]1 ,york%ire ,h]o1 ,/ratagem1 & ,*ampion ( ,engl&4 ,mr4 ,h5d]son's li/ includes ,h5d]son's ,fir/ ( ,all1 ,am]ican ,wond]1 ,bliss's ,abundance1 ,*ampion ( ,engl&1 & ,pride ( ! ,m>ket4 ,mr4 ,h>ris 9 8 catalogue m>ks fir/ & be/1 ,am]ican ,wond]1 & also says1 ,= ! ma9 crop !re is no?+ bett] ?an ! ,*ampion ( ,engl&4 ,my own exp]i5ce w\ld lead me to plant ! ,tom ,?umb ei!r j be=e ! gr\nd froze 9 ! fall1 or z e>ly 9 ,m>* z possible4 ,x is almo/ p]fectly h>dy1 & gives me ! e>lie/ pick+4 ,i %\ld also plant ,h5d]son's ,fir/ ( ,all z soon z ! fro/ 0 out1 on a w>m1 well-dra9$ soil4 ,= second crops1 ,am]ican ,wond] & ,premium ,gem2 & = ! ma9 & mo/ satisfactory crop ( all1 ,*ampion ( ,engl&4 ,! ,*ampion requires bru% z a support1 = x gr[s f f\r to six feet high2 b x is well wor? ! tr\ble4 ,i plant ! o!r k9ds nam$ because !y are mu* e>li]1 & s dw>f z to ne$ no bru%2 !y are also productive1 & excell5t 9 quality if n left to gr[ too old4 ,= ! dw>f k9ds ! soil _c be too ri*1 & ! w>m] ! gr\nd & exposure1 ! e>li] ! crop4 ,= ! tall late sorts ! soil may easily be made too f]tile2 !y %\ld also be plant$ 9 cool]1 moi/]1 & heavi] gr\nd4 ,9 ! case ( ! dw>fs ,i put a f]tiliz] 9 ) ! se$ z ,i h already expla9$4 ,cov] ! dw>fs ab\t two & a half in*es deep1 & ! tall late sorts f ?ree to f\r in*es accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil4 ,plant ! ,*ampion ( ,engl& e t5 days until ! middle ( ,june1 & ?us secure a succession ( ! be/ ( all4 ,we all "k h[ num]\s h be5 ! v>ieties ( potato introduc$ into ?is c\ntry ( late ye>s--_m k9ds s5t out at fir/ at ! rate ( "o or m doll>s p] p\nd4 ,i amuse myself by try+ sev]al ( ^! novelties 7aft] !y become *eap7 e ye>1 & "o season rais$ v e>ly crops ( excell5t potatoes f ! ,vangu>d & ,pe>l ( ,savoy4 ,! ,e>ly ,rose & ,e>ly ,v]mont h long be5 favorites4 ,!y resemble ea* o!r v closely4 ,i h _h excell5t success ) ! ,beauty ( ,hebron4 ,x is a good plan to le>n :at v>ieties succe$ well 9 our own neighborhood1 & !n to plant *iefly ( su* k9ds2 we may !n add to our ze/ by try+ a few novelties4 ,n only mu* read+ on ! subject1 b also my own obs]vation1 & ! g5]al law t l produces l1 lead me to indorse ! practice ( plant+ l>ge tub]s cut into sets conta9+ "o or m eyes1 or buds4 ,! eye ( a potato is a bud f :i* ! plant gr[s2 & ! /rong] back+ x has1 ! /rong] & m able is ! plant to evolve new f9e tub]s ?r\gh ! action ( its roots & foliage4 ,a small potato has _m immature buds1 :i* z a rule produce feeble plants4 ,! potato w gr[ on almo/ any soil2 b a dry1 ri*1 s&y loam gives ! be/1 if n ! l>ge/1 yield4 ,i d n ?9k ! potato c be plant$ too e>ly aft] ! gr\nd is fit to "w4 ,"o spr+ ,i 0 able to get 9 sev]al r[s ! #ae? ( ,m>*1 & ,i nev] _h a f9] yield4 ,i obs]ve t ,mr4 ,h>ris /rongly indorses ?is plan4 ,ne>ly e "o has 8 sy/em ( plant+4 ,!re is no necessity = expla9+ ^! me?ods4 ,i w briefly give m9e1 = :at x is wor?4 ,i pref] w>m1 well-dra9$ soils4 ,pl[ deeply 9 autumn1 also 9 spr+2 h>r[ & pulv]ize ! gr\nd z completely z possible2 !n op5 ! furr[s ) ! same heavy pl[1 s9k+ x to ! beam1 & go+ twice 9 ! furr[4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 w\ld make too deep a tr5* 9 :i* to place ! sets1 b ! soil has be5 deep5$ & pulv]iz$ at lea/ f\rte5 in*es4 ,a man next goes along ) a c>t or b>r[ ( well-decay$ compo/ 7n v raw manure71 :i* is scatt]$ freely 9 ! deep furr[s2 !n ?r\gh ^! a corn-pl[ is run1 to m+le ! f]tiliz] ) ! soil4 ,by ?is c\rse ! furr[s are p>tially fill$ ) loose1 friable soil & manure1 & !y av]age f\r or five in*es 9 dep?4 ,! sets are plant$ at once eight in*es ap>t1 ! eye turn$ upw>d1 & ! cut "p d[n4 ,! sets are !n cov]$ ) ?ree or f\r in*es ( f9e soil1 n ) sods & /ones4 ,:5 ! plants are two or ?ree in*es high1 !y receive _! fir/ hoe+1 :i* m]ely levels ! gr\nd ev5ly4 ,! next cultivation is p]=m$ by bo? corn-pl[ & hoe4 ,9 ! f9al work+ ,i d n p]mit a %>p-slant+ slope f ! plants d[nw>d1 s t ! ra9 is kept f rea*+ ! roots4 ,!re is a broad hill+ up1 s z to h a slope inw>d t[>d ! plants1 z well z away f !m4 ,?is me?od1 ) ! deep1 loos5$ soil b5ea? ! plants1 secures aga9/ dr\ght1 :ile ! decay$ f]tiliz]s give a /rong & imm$iate gr[?4 ,( c\rse we h to fight ! potato1 or ,colorado1 beetle dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,?is we d ) ,p>is gre5 appli$ 9 liquid =m1 a heap+ teaspoonful to a pail ( wat]4 ,9 tak+ up & /or+ potatoes a v common error is fall5 into4 ,sometimes ev5 gr[+ tub]s are s expos$ to sun & light t !y become gre54 ,9 ?is condition !y are n only wor?less1 b poison\s4 ,if long expos$ to light aft] be+ dug1 ! solan9e pr9ciple1 :i* exi/s *iefly 9 ! /ems & leaves1 is develop$ 9 ! tub]s4 ,! m !y are 9 ! light1 ! less value !y possess1 until !y become worse ?an wor?less4 ,!y %\ld be dug1 if possible1 on a dry day1 pick$ up promptly & c>ri$ to a dry1 cool1 ,,d>k cell>4 ,if /or$ on floors ( outbuld+s1 ! light %\ld be exclud$4 ,potatoes t are long expos$ to light be=e ! %ops ( deal]s are injur$4 ,b>rels1 etc41 conta9+ !m %\ld be cov]$2 if spread on ! b>n-floor1 or 9 places :i* c n be d>k5$1 ?r[ /raw or "s o!r litt] ov] !m4 ,!re is no occasion to say mu* ab\t lettuce4 ,x is a vegetable :i* any "o c raise :o w s[ ! se$ a qu>t] ( an in* deep4 ,i h s[$ ! se$ 9 ,septemb]1 w9t]$ ! plants ov] 9 cold-frames1 & by giv+ a little heat1 ,i _h an abundance ( heads to sell 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,= ord9>y home uses x is necess>y only to s[ ! se$ on a w>m1 ri* spot z soon z ! fro/ is out1 & y w quickly h pl5ty ( t5d] foliage4 ,?is we may beg9 to ?9 out z soon z ! plants are ?ree or f\r in*es high1 until a foot ( space is left betwe5 ! plants1 :i*1 if ( a cabbage v>iety1 w spe$ily make a l>ge1 crisp head4 ,to ma9ta9 a supply1 s[+s c be made e two weeks till ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,h>dy plants1 :i* may be set out l cabbages1 are to be obta9$ 9 ,m>* & ,april f nurs]ym54 ,h5d]son recomm5ds ! foll[+ v>ieties3 ,h5d]son's ,new ,york1 ,black-se$$ ,simpson1 ,salam&]1 & ,all ! ,ye> ,r\nd4 ,i w\ld also add ! ,black-se$$ ,butt] ,lettuce4 ,we h n[1 z f> z our space p]mits1 treat$ ( ^? vegetables :i* %\ld be plant$ 9 ! home g>d5 z e>ly 9 spr+ z possible4 ,x is true ! read] w ?9k ( o!r sorts1 z cabbage1 caulifl[]1 sp9a*1 etc4 ,to ! pr(essional g>d5] ^! are all-!-ye>-r\nd vegetables4 ,if ! amateur becomes s int]e/$ 9 8 g>d5 z to h cold-frames & hot-b$s1 he w le>n f m ext5d$ works h[ to manage ^!4 ,he w w9t] ov] ! cabbage & k9dr$ vegetables = 8 e>lie/ supply1 hav+ fir/ s[n ! se$ 9 ,septemb]4 ,i d n take ! tr\ble to d ?is1 & o!rs ne$ n1 unless x is a s\rce ( enjoym5t to !m4 ,z soon z ! gr\nd is fit to "w 9 spr+1 ,i m]ely write to "s tru/-wor?y deal] 9 plants & obta9 tw5ty-five v e>ly cabbage1 & tw5ty-five second e>ly1 also a hundr$ e>ly caulifl[]4 ,!y co/ little1 & are set out 9 half an h\r z soon z ! gr\nd is fit to "w 9 spr+4 ,i usually pur*ase my tomato1 late cabbage1 & caulifl[]1 cel]y & egg-plants1 f ! same s\rces4 ,cabbages & caulifl[]s %\ld be set out 9 ,,ri* w>m soils1 free f %ade1 z soon z ! fro/ is out4 ,aft] t !y ne$ only frequ5t & clean culture & vigilant wat*fulness1 or else _m w fall victims to a dirty br[n worm :i* usually cuts ! /em1 & leaves ! plant ly+ on ! gr\nd4 ,! worm c easily be f\nd ne> ! surface ! mom5t x beg9s its ravages1 & ! only rem$y ,i "k is to cat* & kill x at once4 ,9 ?is latitude w9t] cabbage is set out ab\t ! f\r? ( ,july4 ,i p9* (f half ! leaves be=e sett+4 ,good se$1 deep pl[+ or spad+1 ri* soil1 & clean culture are usually ! only requisites = success4 ,exp]i5ce & consultation ( ! books & catalogues enable me to recomm5d ! ,j]sey ,wakefield = fir/ e>ly1 & ,h5d]son's ,summ] ,cabbage & ,w9n+/adt z second e>ly4 ,z a late root ,i ask = no?+ bett] ?an ,premium ,flat ,dut*4 ,! ,savoy is ! be/ flavor$ ( ! cabbage tribe4 ,h5d]son recomm5ds ! ,nett$ ,savoy1 :i* may be treat$ l o!r late cabbage4 ,! caulifl[] is rank$ among ! *ief delicacies ( ! g>d51 & requires & repays f> m att5tion ?an cabbage4 ,ev5 ! e>ly sorts %\ld h a ri*]1 moi/] soil ?an is requir$ = v e>ly cabbage4 ,i advise two plant+s 9 spr+1 ( fir/ & second e>ly2 ,i also advise t late v>ieties be set out on ,,ri* gr\nd ! la/ ( ,june4 ,z ) cabbage1 set out ! plants f two & a half to ?ree feet ap>t1 accord+ to ! size ( ! v>iety1 f trial ,i recomm5d ,e>ly ,sn[ball1 ,half-e>ly ,p>is1 & ,l>ge ,late ,algi]s4 ,sp9a* ?rives 9 a v ri*1 well-dra9$1 f9e1 mell[ soil4 ,i pref] a sunny slope2 b ?is is n necess>y4 ,s[ ! se$ f ! fir/ to ! fifte5? ( ,septemb]1 s z to give ! plants "t to become half gr[n by w9t]4 ,cov] ! se$s--?ree to an in*--two in*es deep1 & pack ! gr\nd well ov] !m2 let ! r[s be ?ree in*es ap>t4 ,:5 ! plants are ?ree in*es high1 ?9 out to ?ree in*es ap>t1 & keep ! soil clean & mell[ ab\t !m4 ,j be=e h>d freez+ wea!r1 scatt] ab\t ?ree in*es ( /raw1 old pea-v9es1 or "s light litt] ov] ! :ole b$4 ,z soon z ! days beg9 to gr[ w>m 9 spr+1 & h>d fro/ ceases1 rake ?is (f4 ,! h>dy vegetable beg9s to gr[ at once1 & %\ld be cut = use s z to leave ! plants f9ally six in*es ap>t1 = z fa/ z space is giv51 ! plants fill x up4 ,by ^? :o are fond ( sp9a* x may be s[n 9 spr+ z soon z ! fro/ is out4 ,x quickly runs to se$ 9 hot wea!r1 & ?9n+s ( "y beets may take its place :]e space is limit$4 ,! ,r\nd or ,summ] is good = fall or spr+ plant+4 ,^? :o ne$ mu* in/ruction 9 reg>d to bu%-beans %\ld rema9 9 ! city & raise cats 9 _! pav$ back y>ds4 ,we %all only w>n aga9/ plant+ too e>ly--n be=e ! la/ ( ,april 9 our region4 ,x does n take mu* fro/ to de/roy ! plants1 & if ! soil is cold & wet1 ! beans decay in/ead ( com+ up4 ,if "o has a w>m1 %elt]$ slope1 he may beg9 plant+ ! middle ( ,april4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 bu%-beans may be plant$ f ! fir/ ( ,may till ! middle ( ,july1 9 ord] to keep up a succession4 ,cov] ! fir/ se$ plant$ "o in* deep2 lat] plant+s two in*es deep4 ,i ?9k t e>lie/ ,r$ ,val5t9e1 ,black ,wax or ,butt]1 ,gold5 ,wax1 & ! late ,refugee are all ! v>ieties ne$$ = ! g>d54 ,! delici\s pale ,lima bean requires & des]ves m att5tion4 ,i h always succe$$ ) x1 & ?is has be5 my me?od3 ,i take a w>m1 ri*1 b n dry piece ( gr\nd1 "w x deeply e>ly 9 spr+1 aga9 ! fir/ ( ,may1 s t ! sun's rays may p5etrate & sweet5 ! gr\nd4 ,ab\t ! t5? ( ,may ,i set ! poles firmly 9 ! gr\nd4 ,r\gh c$>-poles1 ) ! /ubs ( ! bran*es ext5d+ a little1 are ! be/4 ,if smoo? poles are us$1 ,i take a hat*et1 & beg9n+ at ! butt1 ,i make %all[1 slant+ cuts d[nw>d1 s z to raise ! b>k a little4 ,^! slight rais+s ( ! b>k or wood s]ve z supports to ! clamb]+ v9es4 ,aft] ! poles are 9 ! gr\nd ,i make a broad1 flat hill ( loose soil & a little ( ! black p[d]y f]tiliz]4 ,i !n all[ ! sun to w>m & dry ! hill a few days1 & if ! wea!r is f9e & w>m1 ,i plant ! se$ ab\t ! fifte5?1 m]ely press+ ! eye ( ! bean d[nw>d "o in*4 ,if plant$ l[] ?an ?is dep?1 !y usually decay4 ,if x is w>m & e>ly1 ! se$ may be plant$ by ! fif? ( ,may4 ,aft] plant+1 exam9e ! se$ (t54 ,if ! beans are decay+ in/ead ( com+ up1 plant ov] aga91 & repeat ?is process until !re are ?ree or f\r /rong plants )9 ?ree or f\r in*es ( ea* pole4 ,let ! hills be five feet ap>t ea* way1 hoe (t51 & d n tol]ate a we$4 ,! ,long ,:ite ,lima & ,dre]'s ,improv$ ,lima are ! only sorts ne$$4 ,! ,indians 9 _! succota% taught u long ago to associate corn ) beans1 & !y hit ^u a di% n surpass$ by mod]n inv5tion4 ,?is delici\s vegetable is z easily rais$ z its hail-fell[ well met1 ! bean4 ,we h only to plant x at ! same "t 9 hills f ?ree to f\r feet ap>t1 & cov] ! se$ two in*es deep4 ,i h us$ ! p[d]y f]tiliz]s & wood-a%es 9 ! hill to great advantage1 fir/ m+l+ ^! +r$i5ts well ) ! soil4 ,we make x a po9t to h sweet-corn = ! table f ,july #a until ! /alks are kill$ by fro/ 9 ,octob]4 ,?is is easily manag$ by plant+ diff]5t v>ieties1 & cont9u+ to plant till well into ,june4 ,mr4 ,gregory writes3 ,= a succession ( corn = family use1 to be plant$ at ! same "t1 ,i w\ld recomm5d ,m>blehead ,e>ly1 ,pratt's1 ,crosley's1 ,moore's1 ,/[ell's ,ev]gre51 & ,egyptian ,sweet4 ,mr4 ,h>ris names ) praise ! ,m9nesota z ! be/ e>lie/1 & ,hickox ,improv$ z an exce$+ly l>ge & late v>iety4 ,mr4 ,h5d]son's li/ is ,h5d]son ,sug>1 ,hickox ,improv$1 ,egyptian1 & ,/[ell's ,ev]gre54 ,let me add ,burr's ,mammo? & ,squantum ,sug>--a v>iety 9 great favor ) ! ,squantum ,club1 & us$ by !m 9 _! fam\s clam-bakes4 ,! cucumb]1 if gr[n 9 ! home g>d5 & us$ fre%1 is n 9 league ) ! und]tak]4 ,! se$ may be plant$ e>ly 9 ,may1 & !re are _m ways ( =c+ & ha/5+ ! yield4 ,i h _h cucumb]s v e>ly 9 an ord9>y hotb$4 ,outdoors1 ,i make hills 9 w>m soil ! fir/ ( ,may1 mix+ a little ( my favorite f]tiliz] ) ! soil4 ,aft] leav+ ! hill = a day or two to become w>m 9 ! sun1 ,i s[ ! se$ 9 a /raight l9e = fifte5 in*es1 s t ! hoe c approa* !m closely4 ,! se$ is cov]$ an in* deep1 & ! soil patt$ d[n firmly4 ,x is possible t a cold /orm or t insects may make p>tial plant+ ov] necess>y2 if s1 ?is is done promptly4 ,i put tw5ty se$s 9 ! hill1 to insure aga9/ loss4 ,= a succession or long-cont9u$ crop1 plant a few hills 9 ri* moi/ l& ab\t ! la/ ( ,may4 ,! "y plants always run a gauntlet ( insects1 & a little /rip$ bug is usually _! mo/ deadly enemy4 ,^! bugs (t5 appe> to come sudd5ly 9 sw>ms1 & dev\r ev]y?+ be=e y are aw>e ( _! pres5ce4 ,) great vigilance !y may be kept (f by h&1 = _! /ay is brief4 ,i w\ld advise "o trial ( a solution ( :ite hellebore1 a tablespoonful to a pail ( wat]4 ,p>is gre5--9 solution1 ( c\rse--kills !m2 b unless x is v weak1 x w kill or /unt ! plants also4 ,my musk & wat]melons 7 wat]$ by too /rong a solution ( ,p>is gre5 ?is ye>1 & !y nev] recov]$ f x4 ,p]haps ! be/ prev5tive is to plant s mu* se$1 & to plant ov] s (t51 t al?\gh ! insects d _! wor/1 pl5ty ( good plants survive4 ,?is has usually be5 my me?od4 ,:5 ! /rip$ bug disappe>s1 & ! plants are f\r or five in*es high1 ,i ?9 out to f\r plants 9 ! hill4 ,:5 !y come into be>+1 pick (f all ! fruit fit = use1 :e!r y want x or n4 ,if _m are all[$ to become yell[ & g to se$1 ! gr[? & productiv5ess ( ! v9es are *eck$4 ,! ,e>ly ,:ite ,sp9e & ,extra ,long ,:ite ,sp9e are all ! v>ieties ne$$ = ! table4 ,= pickl+ purposes plant ! ,gre5 ,prolific on moi/ ri* l&4 ,! o!r v>ieties answ] q z well1 if pick$ be=e !y are too l>ge4 ,! cultivation ( ! squa% is sub/antially ! same z t ( ! cucumb]1 & x has ne>ly ! same enemies to cont5d )4 ,let ! hills ( ! bu% sorts be f\r feet ap>t ea* way1 & eight feet = ! runn+ v>ieties4 ,! se$ is *eap1 s use pl5ty1 & plant ov] f ! fir/ to ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,may1 until y h ?ree good /rong plants to ! hill4 ,?ree are pl5ty1 s ?9 out ! plants1 :5 six or sev5 in*es high1 to ?is numb]1 & keep ! gr\nd clean & mell[4 ,i usually raise my runn+ squa%es among ! corn1 giv+ up "o hill to !m completely e sev5 or eight feet ea* way4 ,e>ly bu% sorts3 ,:ite ,bu% ,scallop$1 ,yell[ ,bu% ,scallop$4 ,! ,p]fect ,gem is good = bo? summ] & w9t]1 & %\ld be plant$ on ri* soil1 six feet ap>t ea* way4 ,! ,bo/on ,m>r[ is "o ( ! be/ fall sorts2 ! ,hubb>d & ,m>blehead are ! be/ w9t] v>ieties4 ,:5 we come to plant musk-melons we mu/ keep !m well away f ! two above-nam$ vegetables1 or else _! poll5 w mix1 produc+ v disagreeable hybrids4 ,a squa% is v good 9 its way1 & a melon is mu* bett]2 b if y gr[ !m s ne> ea* o!r t !y become 'alf & 'alf1 y may p]haps f9d pigs t w eat !m4 ,! m completely ! melon-pat* is by itself1 ! bett]1 & ! ne>] ! h\se ! bett]2 = :ile x is liable to all ! insects & diseases :i* attack ! cucumb]1 x enc\nt]s1 :5 ! fruit is mature1 a m fatal enemy 9 ! pr$atory small boy4 ,*oose ri*1 w>m1 b n dry gr\nd = musk-melons1 make ! hills six feet ap>t ea* way1 & treat !m l cucumb]s1 employ+ an abundance ( se$4 ,z soon z ! plants are ready to run1 ?9 out s z to leave only f\r to fruit4 ,h5d]son recomm5ds ,montreal ,m>ket1 ,hack5sack1 & ,nett$ ,gem4 ,gregory3 ,nett$ ,gem1 ,bo/on ,pet1 ,bay ,view1 ,sill's ,hybrid1 ,casaba1 & ,w>d's ,nect>4 ,he also advocates a rem>kable novelty kn[n z ! ,banana4 ,h>ris3 ,e>ly ,*ri/iana & ,montreal ,m>ket4 ,wat]-melons %\ld be plant$ eight feet ap>t2 b if "o has n a w>m1 s&y soil1 ,i d n advise _! culture4 ,! "t ( plant+ & managem5t d n v>y mat]ially f ^? ( ! musk v>iety4 ,! foll[+ k9ds w sc>cely fail to give satisfaction :]e !y c be gr[n3 ,ph9ney's ,e>ly1 ,black ,spani%1 ,mammo? ,ironclad1 ,m\nta9 ,spr\t1 ,scaly ,b>k1 & ,cuban ,que54 ,! tomato has a curi\s hi/ory4 ,native ( ,s\? ,am]ica l ! potato1 x is said to h be5 introduc$ into ,engl& z e>ly z #aeif4 ,_m ye>s elaps$ be=e x 0 us$ z food1 & ! botanical "n giv5 to x 0 significant ( ! e/imation 9 :i* x 0 held by our =efa!rs4 ,x 0 call$ ,lycop]sicum--a comp\nd t]m mean+ wolf & pea*2 indicat+ t1 not)/&+ its beauty1 x 0 reg>d$ z a sort ( ,dead ,sea fruit4 ,! ,italians fir/ d>$ to use x freely2 ! ,fr5* foll[$2 & aft] ey+ x askance z a novelty = unkn[n ye>s1 ,john ,bull v5tur$ to ta/e1 & hav+ surviv$1 began to eat ) increas+ gu/o4 ,to our gr&mo!rs 9 ?is l& ! ruby fruit 0 giv5 z love-apples1 :i*1 adorn+ qua9t old bureaus1 7 dev\r$ by dreamy eyes long be=e cann+ factories 7 )9 ! k5 ( ev5 a ,yankee's vision4 ,n[1 tomatoes vie ) ! potato z a g5]al article ( food1 & "o c sc>cely visit a qu>t] ( ! globe s remote b he w f9d t ! tomato-c has be5 !re be=e him4 ,culture ( ! tomato is s easy t "o ye> ,i _h bu%els ( ! f9e/ fruit f plants t grew "h & !re by *ance4 ,skill is requir$ only 9 produc+ an e>ly crop2 & to secure ?is end ! e>li] ! plants are />t$ 9 spr+1 ! bett]4 ,^? :o h glass w exp]i5ce no difficulty :atev]4 ,! se$ may be s[n 9 a gre5h\se z e>ly z ,janu>y1 & ! plants pott$ :5 ?ree in*es high1 transf]r$ to l>g] pots f "t to "t z !y gr[1 & by ! middle ( ,may put into ! op5 gr\nd full ( blossoms & immature fruit4 ,inde$1 plants />t$ e>ly 9 ! fall w give 9 a gre5h\se a good supply all w9t]4 ,tomatoes also gr[ readily 9 hot-b$s1 cold-frames1 or sunny w9d[s4 ,we c usually buy well-=w>d$ plants f ^? :o raise !m = sale4 ,if ^! are set out e>ly 9 ,may on a sunny slope1 !y mature rapidly1 & give an e>ly yield4 ,! tomato is v s5sitive to fro/1 & %\ld n be 9 ! op5 gr\nd be=e dang] f x is ov]4 ,?r\gh\t ,may we may f9d plants = sale ev]y:]e4 ,if we desire to try di/9ct k9ds ) ! lea/ tr\ble1 we c s[ ! se$ ab\t ,may #a1 & 9 our climate enjoy an abundant yield 9 ,septemb]1 or be=e4 ,9 ! cool1 humid climate ( ,engl& ! tomato is usually gr[n en espali]1 l ! pea*1 along sunny walls & f5ces1 receiv+ z c>eful a summ] prun+ z ! grape-v9e4 ,) u x is usually left to sprawl ov] ! gr\nd at w4 ,by tra9+ ! v9es ov] v>i\s k9ds ( supports1 h[ev]1 !y may be made z ornam5tal z !y are useful4 ,! gr\nd on :i* !y gr[ %\ld be only mod]ately f]tile1 or else !re is too great a gr[? ( v9e at ! exp5se ( fruit4 ,?is is especially true if we desire an e>ly yield1 & 9 ?is case ! w>me/1 drie/ soil is necess>y4 ,b comp>atively a few ye>s ago ! tomato consi/$ ( little m ?an a r9d1 ) se$s 9 ! holl[ c5tre4 ,n[1 ! only v>ieties wor? rais+ cut z solid z a mell[ pe>4 ,! foll[+ is ,gregory's li/ ( v>ieties3 ,liv+/on's ,beauty1 ,alpha1 ,acme1 ,canada ,victor1 ,arl+ton1 ,g5]al ,grant4 ,i w add ,trophy & ,mikado4 ,if a yell[ v>iety is desir$1 try ,gold5 ,trophy4 ,if ! tomato ne$s w>m wea!r 9 :i* to ?rive1 ! egg-plant requires t bo? days & nights %\ld be hot4 ,x is an ,ea/ ,indiaman1 & dem&s curry 9 ! way ( temp]ature be=e x loses its feeble yell[ aspect & takes on ! d>k gre5 ( vigor\s heal?4 ,my me?od is simply ?is3 ,i pur*ase /rong pott$ plants betwe5 ! tw5tie? ( ,may & ! fir/ ( ,june1 & set !m out 9 a ri*1 w>m soil4 ,a doz5 well-gr[n plants w supply a l>ge family ) egg-fruit4 ,( c\rse "o c />t ! "y plants !mselves1 z 9 ! case ( tomatoes2 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t !y are mu* m t5d] & difficult to raise ?an is ! tomato4 ,plants f se$ s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd w\ld n mature 9 our latitude1 z a rule4 ,! be/ plan is to h ! numb] y ne$ gr[n = y by ^? :o make x _! bus9ess4 ,eggplants are *oice morsels = ! potato-beetle1 & !y mu/ be wat*$ vigilantly if we w\ld save !m4 ,!re is no bett] v>iety ?an ! ,new ,york ,improv$4 ,! pepp] is ano!r hot-blood$ vegetable t %iv]s at ! sugge/ion ( fro/4 ,x is fitt+ t x %\ld be a native ( ,india4 ,its treatm5t is usually ! same z t ( ! egg-plant4 ,x matures m rapidly1 h[ev]1 & ! se$ c be s[n ab\t ! middle ( ,may1 half an in* deep1 9 r[s fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,! soil %\ld be ri* & w>m4 ,:5 ! plants are well up1 !y %\ld be ?9n$ s t !y w /& a foot ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! usual c\rse1 h[ev]1 is to set out plants :i* h be5 />t$ "u glass1 aft] all dang] f fro/ is ov]4 ,h5d]son recomm5ds ,new ,sweet ,spani% & ,gold5 ,dawn1 ,! ,l>ge ,bell is a popul> sort1 & ,*]ry ,r$ v ornam5tal4 ,f ! okra is made ! fam\s gumbo s\p1 :i* ev] calls to vision a color$ aunty presid+ ov] ! my/]ies ( a ,s\!rn d9n]4 ,if ,aunt ,d9ah1 s well kn[n to u f ! pages ( ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 c\ld h left h] receipt = ?is comp\nd1 h] fame might h la/$ z long z t ( ,mrs4 ,/[e4 ,! vegetable furni%+ ?is glut9\s1 nutriti\s1 & :olesome +r$i5t is z easily rais$ z any product ( ! g>d54 ,we h only to s[ ! se$1 f ! fir/ to ! t5? ( ,may1 two in*es deep1 & let ! plants /& f two to ?ree feet ap>t ea* way1 9 ord] to h an abundant supply4 ,! new ,dw>f ,prolific is ab\t ! be/ v>iety4 ,fall turnips are s easily gr[n t !y require b few words4 ,!y are valuable vegetables = utiliz+ space 9 ! g>d5 aft] e>ly crops1 z peas1 beans1 potatoes1 etc41 are remov$4 ,! se$ ( ruta-baga1 or ,sw$i% turnips1 %\ld be plant$ e>lie/--f ! tw5tie? ( ,june to ! t5? ( ,july 9 our latitude4 ,?is turnip %\ld be s[n 9 drills two feet ap>t1 & ! plants ?9n$ to eight in*es f "o ano!r4 ,x is v h>dy1 & ! roots are close-gra9$1 solid1 & equally good = ! table & ! family c[4 ,! ,yell[ ,ab]de5 is ano!r excell5t v>iety1 :i* may be s[n ,,e>ly 9 ,july1 & treat$ mu* ! same z ! =ego+4 ,! ,yell[ ,/one c be s[n on good gr\nd until ! fifte5? ( ,july 9 any good g>d5 soil1 & ! plants ?9n$ to six in*es ap>t4 ,x is p]haps ! mo/ satisfactory ( all ! turnip tribe bo? = table use & /ock4 ,! ,b$-top ,/rap-leaf may be s[n any:]e until ! t5? ( ,augu/4 ,x is a g5]al cu/om1 9 ! middle ( ,july1 to scatt] "s se$ ( ?is h>dy v>iety among ! corn3 hoe x 9 lightly1 & !re is usually a good crop4 ,e vacant spot may be utiliz$ by incurr+ only ! slight co/ ( ! se$ & ! s[+4 ,x may be well1 p]haps1 to rememb] ! advice ( ! old f>m] to 8 son4 ,he said1 ,/ub y\r toe & spill half ! se$ be=e s[+ x2 = scatt]$ broadca/ x is usually mu* too ?ick4 ,if ?is proves true1 ?9 out ! plants rigor\sly4 ,?is turnip is good = table & /ock z long z x is solid & crisp2 b x gr[s pi?y t[>d spr+4 ,!re are o!r k9ds well wor? a trial4 ,p]haps no vegetable is m g5]ally appreciat$ ?an cel]y4 ,l asp>agus1 x 0 once1 & is /ill by "s1 reg>d$ z a luxury requir+ too mu* skill & labor = ! ord9>y g>d5]4 ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,few vegetables 9 my g>d5 repay s amply ! co/ ( production4 ,"o c raise turnips z a fall crop mu* easi]1 x is true2 b turnips are n cel]y1 any m ?an brass is gold4 ,?9k ( enjoy+ ?is delici\s vegetable daily f ,octob] till ,april6 ,:5 cook$1 & s]v$ on toa/ ) drawn butt] sauce1 x is q ambrosial4 ,9 e g>d5 evolv$ beyond ! cabbage & potato phase a goodly space ( ! be/ soil %\ld be res]v$ = cel]y1 s9ce x c be set out f ! fir/ to ! tw5tie? ( ,july 9 our latitude2 x c be gr[n z ! mo/ valuable ( ! second crops1 reoccupy+ space made vacant by e>ly crops4 ,i f9d x mu* easi] to buy my plants1 :5 ready = !m1 ?an to raise !m4 ,9 e t[n !re are ^? :o gr[ !m 9 v l>ge quantities1 &1 if prop]ly pack$1 quickly transport$1 & promptly set out 9 ! ev5+ foll[+ _! reception1 & wat]$ abundantly1 !y r>ely fail4 ,!re are decid$ advantages1 h[ev]1 9 rais+ our own plants1 especially if midsumm] %\ld prove dry & hot1 or ! plants mu/ be long 9 transit4 ,:5 !y are gr[+ 9 our own g>d51 !y c be mov$ ) v slight *eck to _! gr[?4 ,9 />t+ ! se$ !re is no necessity = hot-b$ or cold-frame4 ,x may be put 9 ! gr\nd ! fir/ week ( ,april1 & ! be/ plants are ?us secur$4 ,mu* is ga9$ by prep>+ a w>m b n dry plot ( gr\nd 9 autumn1 mak+ x v ri* ) %ort1 half-decay$ /able-manure4 ,?is prep>ation %\ld be begun z soon z possible aft] ! soak+ ,septemb] ra9s4 ,hav+ ?or\ghly incorporat$ & mix$ ev5ly 9 ! soil an abundance ( ! manure describ$1 leave ! gr\nd unt\*$ = ?ree weeks4 ,! w>m f]tiliz] w cause great numb]s ( we$-se$s to g]m9ate4 ,:5 ^! ?rifty pe/s are a few in*es high1 dig !m "u & br+ up ! bottom soil4 ,! w>m? & light w imm$iately />t a new & vigor\s gr[? ( we$s1 :i* 9 turn %\ld be dug "u4 ,if ! cel]y se$ b$ be made e>ly en\gh1 ?is process c be repeat$ sev]al times be=e w9t]--! (t5] ! bett]2 = by x ! great majority ( we$-se$s w be made to g]m9ate1 & ?us are de/roy$4 ,! gr\nd also becomes exce$+ly ri*1 mell[1 & f9e--an ess5tial condition = cel]y se$1 :i* is v small1 & g]m9ates sl[ly4 ,?is ?or\gh prep>ation does n involve mu* labor1 = ! se$-b$ is small1 & no?+ m is requir$ 9 spr+ b to rake ! gr\nd smoo? & f9e z soon z ! fro/ is out4 ,! soil has already be5 made mell[1 & c]ta9ly no?+ is ga9$ by turn+ up ! cold e>? 9 ! bottom ( ! b$4 ,s[ ! se$ at once on ! sunw>m$ surface4 ,! r[s %\ld be n9e in*es ap>t1 & ab\t twelve se$s s[n to e in* ( r[4 ,! drills %\ld be sc>cely an eigh? ( an in* deep4 ,inde$1 a firm patt+ ) ! back ( a spade w\ld give cov]+ en\gh4 ,s9ce cel]y g]m9ates s sl[ly1 x is well to drop a lettuce-se$ e few in*es1 to indicate cle>ly j :]e ! r[s are4 ,!n ! gr\nd betwe5 ! r[s c be ho$ lightly z soon z ! we$s />t1 also aft] heavy ra9s1 s z to admit ! vivify+ sun-rays & air4 ,( c\rse :5 ! cel]y plants are cle>ly outl9$1 ! lettuce %\ld be pull$ out4 ,if ! b$ is made 9 spr+1 p]=m ! "w z e>ly z possible1 mak+ ! b$ v ri*1 mell[1 & f9e4 ,co>se manures1 cold1 poor1 lumpy soil1 leave sc>cely a gho/ ( a *ance = success4 ,! plants %\ld be ?9n$ to two in*es f "o ano!r1 & :5 five in*es high1 %e> !m back to ?ree in*es4 ,:5 !y h made ano!r good gr[?1 %e> !m back aga94 ,! plants are ?us made /ocky4 ,9 our latitude ,i try to set out cel]y1 :e!r rais$ or b\ght1 betwe5 ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,june & ! fifte5? ( ,july4 ,?is latitude enables u to avoid a spell ( hot1 dry wea!r4 ,!re are two di/9ct classes ( cel]y--! tall-gr[+ sorts1 & ! dw>f v>ieties4 ,a few ye>s ago ! =m] class 0 gr[n g5]ally2 tr5*es 7 dug1 & _! bottoms well enri*$ to receive ! plants4 ,n[ ! dw>f k9ds are prov+ _! sup]iority1 by yield+ a l>g] am\nt ( crisp1 t5d] he>t ?an is f\nd betwe5 long co>se /alks ( ! tall sorts4 ,dw>f cel]y requires less labor also1 = x c be set on ! surface & mu* clos] toge!r1 ! r[s ?ree feet ap>t1 & ! plants six in*es 9 ! r[4 ,dig all ! gr\nd ?or\ghly1 !n1 beg9n+ on "o side ( ! plot1 /ret* a l9e along x1 & =k "u a foot-wide /rip ( ?ree or f\r in*es ( compo/1 n raw manure4 ,by ?is c\rse ! soil :]e ! r[ is to be is made v ri* & mell[4 ,set out ! plants at once :ile ! gr\nd is fre% & moi/4 ,if ! r[ is t5 feet long1 y w want tw5ty plants2 if fifte51 ?irty plants2 or two plants to e foot ( r[4 ,hav+ set out "o r[1 move ! l9e =w>d ?ree feet1 & prep>e & set out ano!r r[ 9 precisely ! same mann]4 ,cont9ue ?is process until ! plot select$ is occupi$4 ,if ! plants h be5 gr[n 9 y\r own g>d51 mu* is ga9$ by ,,soak+ ! gr\nd r\nd !m 9 ! ev5+1 & remov+ !m to ! r[s 9 ! cool ( ! morn+4 ,?is abundant moi/ure w cause ! soil to cl+ to ! roots if h&l$ g5tly1 & ! plants w sc>cely "k t !y h be5 mov$4 ,:5 sett+ ,i usually trim (f ! great] "p ( ! foliage4 ,:5 all ! leaves are left1 ! roots1 n e/abli%$1 _c keep pace ) ! evaporation4 ,always keep ! roots moi/ & un%rivell$1 & ! he>t intact1 & ! plants are safe4 ,if no ra9 foll[s sett+ imm$iately1 wat] ! plants ?or\ghly--don't be satisfi$ ) a m]e spr9kl+ ( ! surface--& %ade f ! hot sun until ! plants />t to gr[4 ,"o ( ! *ief requisites 9 putt+ out a cel]y plant1 & inde$ almo/ any plant1 is to press ! soil ,,firmly ,,r\nd1 ,,aga9/1 ,,& ,,ov] ,,! ,,roots4 ,?is excludes ! air1 & ! new rootlets =m rapidly4 ,nei!r bury ! he>t nor leave any "p ( ! root expos$4 ,d n be disc\rag$ at ! r sl[ gr[? dur+ ! hot days ( ,july & e>ly ,augu/4 ,y h only to keep ! gr\nd clean & mell[ by frequ5t hoe+s until ! nights gr[ cool] & long]1 & ra9s ?or\ghly moi/5 ! soil4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,augu/ ! plants %\ld be ?rifty & spread+1 & n[ require ! fir/ op]ation1 :i* w make !m crisp & :ite or gold5 = ! table4 ,ga!r up ! /alks & foliage ( ea* plant closely 9 ! left h&1 & ) ! "r draw up ! e>? r\nd x4 ,let no soil tumble 9 on ! he>t to soil or cause decay4 ,press ! soil firmly1 s z to keep all ! leaves 9 an upright position4 ,!n ) a hoe draw up m soil1 until ! bank+ process is begun4 ,dur+ ,septemb] & ,octob] ! plants w gr[ rapidly1 & 9 ord] to blan* !m !y mu/ be e>!d up f "t to "t1 always keep+ ! /alks close & compact1 ) no soil fall+ 9 on ! develop+ "p4 ,by ! end ( ,octob] ! gr[? is practically made1 & only ! deep gre5 leaves re/ on ! high embankm5ts4 ,! cel]y n[ %\ld be fit = use1 & "t = w9t] /or+ is ne>4 ,9 our region x is n safe to leave cel]y unprotect$ aft] ! t5? ( ,novemb]1 = al?\gh x is a v h>dy plant1 x w n endure a fro/ :i* produces a /rong cru/ ( froz5 soil4 ,i once lo/ a f9e crop e>ly 9 ,novemb]4 ,! fro/ 9 "o night p5etrat$ ! soil deeply1 & :5 x ?aw$ out1 ! cel]y nev] reviv$4 ,,nev] ,,h&le ,,cel]y ,,:5 ,,x ,,is ,,froz54 ,my me?od ( pres]v+ ?is vegetable = w9t] use is simply ?is4 ,dur+ "s mild1 cle> day 9 e>ly ,novemb] ,i h a tr5* t5 in*es wide dug ne>ly z deep z ! cel]y is tall4 ,?is tr5* is dug on a w>m dry slope1 s t by no possibility c wat] ga!r 9 x4 ,!n ! plants are tak5 up c>efully & /or$ 9 ! tr5*1 ! roots on ! bottom1 ! plants upright z !y grew1 & press$ closely toge!r s z to occupy all ! space 9 ! excavation4 ,! foliage rises a little above ! surface1 :i* is e>!d up ab\t f\r in*es1 s t wat] w be %$ on ei!r side4 ,/ill en\gh ( ! leaves are left 9 ! light to p]mit all ! brea?+ necess>y2 = plants brea! z truly z we d4 ,z long z ! wea!r keeps mild1 ?is is all t is ne$$2 b !re is no c]ta9ty n[4 ,a h>d black fro/ may come any night4 ,i advise t an abundance ( leaves or /raw be ga!r$ ne>4 ,:5 a bleak ,novemb] day promises a black fro/ at night1 scatt] ! leaves1 etc41 ?ickly ov] ! tr5*$ cel]y1 & d n take !m (f until ! m]cury rises above freez+-po9t4 ,if a w>m spell sets 91 expose ! foliage to ! air aga94 ,b wat* y\r treasure vigilantly4 ,w9t] is ne>1 & soon y mu/ h en\gh cov]+ ov] y\r tr5* to keep out ! fro/--a foot or m ( leaves1 /raw1 or "s clean litt]4 ,!re is no?+ bett] ?an leaves1 :i* co/ only ! ga!r+4 ,f n[ till ,april1 :5 y want a head or m ( cel]y1 op5 ! tr5* at ! l[] end1 & take out ! crisp :ite or gold5 heads1 & ?ank ! k9dly ,provid5ce t plant$ a g>d5 z ! be/ place 9 :i* to put man1 & woman also4 ,,g>ni%+ ,,& ,,pot ,,h]bs ,!re's f5nel = y2 !re's rue = y4 ,/range & involunt>y is ! law ( association6 ,i c nev] see ! g>ni%+ & season+ h]bs ( ! g>d5 )\t ?9k+ ( ! mad words ( di/raught ,ophelia4 ,i fancy1 h[ev]1 t we are all practical en\gh to rememb] ! savory s\ps & di%es r5d]$ f> m appetiz+ ?an !y c\ld o!rwise h be5 by ^! aromatic & pung5t flavors4 ,i w m5tion only a few ( ! popul> sorts4 ,! se$s ( f5nel may be s[n 9 ,april ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* deep1 & ! plants ?9n$ to fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,cut (f ! se$-/alks to increase ! gr[? ( foliage4 ,p>sley1 l cel]y se$1 g]m9ates sl[ly1 & is sometimes ab\t a mon? 9 mak+ its appe>ance4 ,! soil %\ld !re=e be made v ri* & f9e1 & ! se$ s[n half an in* deep1 z e>ly 9 spr+ z possible4 ,:5 ! plants are ?ree in*es high1 ?9 !m to eight in*es ap>t4 ,sweet-basil may be s[n 9 e>ly ,may1 & ! plants ?9n$ to "o foot ap>t4 ,! se$s ( sweet-m>joram are v m9ute1 & mu/ be cov]$ v ?9ly ) soil f9ely pulv]iz$2 s[ 9 ,april or ,may1 :5 ! gr\nd is 9 ! be/ condition4 ,sage is easily rais$ f se$s g[n an in* deep ! latt] "p ( ,april2 let ! soil be w>m & ri*2 let ! plants /& ab\t "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,?yme & summ]-savory require ab\t ! same treatm5t z sage4 ,i f9d t "s ( ! m\nta9 m9ts gr[+ wild are q z aromatic & appetiz+ z _m ( ^! g>d5 h]bs4 ,,! ,,end