,! ,m$ieval ,lat9 ,hymn ,ru? ,ellis ,mess5g]1 ,ph4,d4 ,te decet hymnus ,deus 9 ,sion ,psalm #fe3a ,,capital ,,press #agca--ad? ,/41 ,n4 ,w4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,copyright1 #aiec by ,ru? ,ellis ,mess5g] ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ ,,li?ograph$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,to ,j4 ,v9c5t ,higg9son ,cont5ts ,*apt] ,page ,preface ix ,i4 ,e>ly ,middle ,ages3 ,lat9 ,hymns ( ! ,f\r? ,c5tury #a ,,ii4 ,e>ly ,middle ,ages3 ,! ,old ,hymnal #i ,,iii4 ,! ,n9? ,c5tury ,revival3 ,hymns #ai ,,iv4 ,! ,n9? ,c5tury ,revival3 ,sequ5ces #ce ,v4 ,late ,middle ,ages3 ,hymns & ,sequ5ces #df ,,vi4 ,late ,middle ,ages3 ,processional ,hymns #fa ,,vii4 ,influ5ce & ,survival ( ,lat9 ,hymns #gd ,illu/rative ,hymns #hc ,notes #aac ,bibliography #abc ,index #ace ,preface ,! purpose ( ?is volume is to trace ! hi/ory ( ! m$ieval ,lat9 hymn f ! po9t ( view ( usage4 ,x mu/ be evid5t to any /ud5t ( a subject :i* is spread ov] a ?\s& ye>s ( human exp]i5ce 9 ! wid5+ environm5t ( an entire cont95t t a guid+ ?read is ne$$ to %[ ! way4 ,"o mu/ n1 at ! same "t1 ignore ! fact t a monum5tal religi\s lit]ature 9 ! poetic field is involv$4 ,b ! hymn is functional1 hav+ its greate/ significance z a lyric :5 employ$ 9 an act ( wor%ip4 ,lat9 hymnology1 moreov]1 is an aspect ( ecclesia/ical /udies foll[+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ?r\gh ! classical & m$ieval ages into mod]n times4 ,a wid] cultural backgr\nd ?an ! imm$iate int]e/ ( !ology & religion is reflect$ 9 ! hymns ( any age4 ,"h (t5 lie secrets ( int]pretation :i* make possible an appreciation ( contempor>y ?\ght4 ,z ! /udy ( ! m$ieval hymn is foll[$ f ! /&po9t ( life & usage1 ! antiqu>ian & ! lit]>y critic1 :o _c fully satisfy ! que/ ( ! /ud5t = reality1 mu/ give place to ! m$ieval wor%ip] himself :o has reveal$ 9 its entirety ea* successive phase ( a hymnological hi/ory n yet end$4 ,= in=mation ab\t ! ,*ri/ian hymn z x exi/$ prior to ! m$ieval era1 ! au?or's ,*ri/ian ,hymns ( ! ,fir/ ,?ree ,c5turies1 ,pap] ,,ix1 a publication ( ,! ,hymn ,society ( ,am]ica1 may be consult$4 ,?is acc\nt ( primitive ,*ri/ian hymnody1 al?\gh pre-m$ieval1 s]ves z an introduction to ! subject matt] ( ! pres5t volume4 ,! pages :i* foll[ are int5d$ = ! g5]al read] r ?an ! speciali/ 9 m$ieval culture or 9 ! classical languages4 ,biographies ( hymn writ]s h n be5 attempt$ s9ce ! lit]ature ( ?is subject is already ext5sive4 ,docum5tation has be5 r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,a bibliography has be5 provid$ = any :o are int]e/$ 9 specializ$ fields4 ,x is hop$ t ?is brief /udy w h a mode/ "p 9 op5+ up to ! g5]al read] a field :i* has nev] be5 fully explor$ 9 any language1 especially ,engli%4 ,an inclusive treatm5t is n (f]$ "h b "o :i* repres5ts ! fruits ( a g5]ation ( rese>*4 ,my grateful ?anks are due to my fri5ds & co-work]s 9 ! fields ( classical /udies1 hymnology & m$ieval hi/ory :o h assi/$ me 9 c\ntless ways1 p>ticul>ly to ,dr4 ,adelaide ,d4 ,simpson & ,dr4 ,c>l ,selm]1 bo? ( ,hunt] ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 :o h read ! entire manuscript & (f]$ invaluable criticisms & sugge/ions4 ,among ! _m libr>ians :o h assi/$ me 9 v>i$ c5t]s ( /udy1 ,i am mo/ indebt$ to ! /aff ( ! ,libr>y ( ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ,new ,york1 "u ,dr4 ,william ,walk] ,rockwell & lat] "u ,dr4 ,lucy ,m>kley4 ,f9ally1 ,i wi% to ackn[l$ge my obligation to ^? au?ors & publi%]s :o h grant$ p]mission to use c]ta9 translations ( ,lat9 hymns :i* appe> 9 ?is volume4 ,,*apt] ,,"o ,e>ly ,middle ,ages3 ,lat9 ,hymns ( ! ,f\r? ,c5tury ,i4 ,! ,e>ly ,hymn ,writ]s ,! fir/ m5tion ( ,*ri/ian ,lat9 hymns by a kn[n au?or occurs 9 ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,j]ome :o /ates t ,hil>y1 ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s 7c4 #caj-cff71 a not$ au?or ( comm5t>ies & !ological works1 wrote a ,lib] ,hymnorum4#a ,?is collection has nev] be5 recov]$ 9 its entirety4 ,hil>y's priority z a hymn writ] is atte/$ by ,isidore ( ,seville 7d4 #fcf7 :o says3 ,hil>y1 h[ev]1 ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s 9 ,gaul1 a man ( unusual eloqu5ce1 0 ! fir/ prom95t hymn writ]4#b ,m important ?an 8 prior claim is ! motive :i* actuat$ him1 ! def5se ( ! ,tr9it>ian doctr9e1 to :i* he 0 ar\s$ by 8 controv]sy ) ! ,arians4 ,a p]iod ( f\r ye>s z an exile 9 ,phrygia = :i* 8 !ological oppon5ts 7 responsible1 made him famili> ) ! use ( hymns 9 ! ori5tal *ur* to promote ! ,arian h]esy4 ,hil>y wre/$ a sword1 s to speak1 f 8 adv]s>ies & c>ri$ to ! we/ ! hymn1 n[ a weapon ( ! or?odox4 ,8 au!ntic extant hymns1 ?ree 9 numb]1 mu/ h be5 a "p ( ! ,lib] ,hymnorum4 ,ante saecula qui man5s1 8,o ,?\ :o do/ exi/ be=e "t10 is a hymn ( sev5ty v]ses 9 honor ( ! ,tr9ity2 ,fefellit saevam v]bum factum te1 c>o1 8,! ,inc>nate ,^w ha? deceiv$ !e 7,dea?70 is an ,ea/] hymn2 & ,adae c>nis gloriosae1 8,9 ! p]son ( ! ,heav5ly ,adam0 is a hymn on ! !me ( ! temptation ( ,jesus4#c ,!y are pond]\s 9 /yle & expression & p]haps too l5g?y = congregational use s9ce !y 7 de/9$ to be sup]s$$4 ,9 addition to ^! ! hymn ,hymnum dicat turba fratrum1 8,let y\r hymn be sung1 ye fai?ful10 has be5 mo/ p]si/5tly associat$ ) ,hil>y's "n4 ,! e>lie/ text occurs 9 a sev5? c5tury manuscript4 ,x is a metrical v]sion ( ! life ( ,jesus 9 sev5ty-f\r l9es1 writt5 9 ! same met] z t ( ,adae c>nis gloriosae4#d ,pope ,damasus1 a ,spani>d by bir? 7c4 #cjd-chd71 is believ$ to h writt5 hymns 9 addition to ! ,epigrams on ! m>tyrs :i* con/itute 8 au!ntic poetry4 ,x w\ld seem probable t 8 activities 9 id5tify+ & m>k+ ! sites associat$ ) ! ,roman m>tyrs might h be5 supplem5t$ by ! production ( hymns 9 _! honor4 ,two hymns be>+ 8 "n are extant1 "o 9 praise ( ,/4 ,&rew ! ,apo/le & "o = ,/4 ,aga?a4 ,^u int]nal evid5ce ! ascription is dubi\s = !y be> ! m>k ( au?or%ip too late to be consid]$ among ! poems ( ?is fam\s ,pope4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,ambrose1 ,bi%op ( ,milan 7#cdj-cig71 rema9s ! unconte/$ orig9ator ( ! m$ieval ,lat9 hymn z x becomes famili> to u 9 a uni=m s]ies ( metrical /anzas adapt$ to congregational use4 ,l ,hil>y1 ,ambrose 0 born 9 ,gaul4#e ,he 0 ! son ( ,ambrose1 ,prefect ( ! ,gauls1 & l 8 fa!r he atta9$ (ficial appo9tm5t "u ! ,roman gov]nm5t z ,consul> ( ,liguria & ,aemilia1 ) ,milan z place ( resid5ce4 ,!ological controv]sy betwe5 ! ,arians & ! or?odox 0 rag+ at ,milan1 ! ,bi%op himself1 ,aux5tius1 hav+ adopt$ ! ,arian position4 ,ambrose at ?is "t 0 a cate*um5 b at ! dea? ( ,aux5tius 0 oblig$ to pres]ve ord] :5 ! election ( 8 successor took place4 ,at t v mom5t ! popul> m&ate creat$ ,ambrose ,bi%op ( ,milan at ! age ( ?irty-f\r ye>s4 ,! p]iod imm$iately foll[+ 8 election f\nd him con/antly battl+ = or?odoxy 9 a conte/ :i* pass$ beyond ! limits ( !ological debate to ! actual siege ( or?odox *ur*es by ! ,arian =ces4 ,ambrose 0 acqua9t$ ) ! ,syrian practice ( hymn s++1 & l ,hil>y1 he recogniz$ ! effective use ( ! hymn by ! propon5ts ( ! ,arian h]esy4 ,x 0 n long be=e ! congregations 9 ! basilica at ,milan 7 *ant+ antiphonally ! praises ( ! ,tr9ity 9 a simil> =m4 ,ambrose himself record$ 8 a*ievem5t1 8 biograph] ,paul9us m5tions ! ev5t & ,augu/9e 9 8 ,confessions describes ! congregational s++ :i* he himself _h he>d4 ,we1 ?\gh z yet unmelt$ by ! heat ( ,?y ,_s1 7 nev]!less excit$ by ! al>m & tumult ( ! city4 ,!n x 0 fir/ in/itut$ t accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ea/]n regions1 hymns & psalms %\ld be sung1 le/ ! p %\ld fa9t ?r\gh ! fatigue ( sorr[4#f ,ambrose wrote hymns appropriate = morn+ & ev5+ wor%ip1 f\r ( :i* n[ extant1 c be prov$ to be ( 8 au?or%ip1 ,aet]ne r]um conditor1 8,mak] ( all1 et]nal ,k+10 ,deus creator omnium1 8,creator ( ! e>? & sky10 ,iam surgit hora t]tia1 8,n[ ! ?ird h\r draws nigh10 & ,v5i r$emptor g5tium1 8,come ,r$eem] ( ! e>?40#g ,_m o!rs 9 keep+ ) 8 /yle & inspiration h be5 pres]v$ & subject$ to critical /udy ) ! result t eighte5 hymns on v>i$ !mes are g5]ally conc$$ to be ,ambrosian4 ,_h ,ambrose nev] conf]r$ ^u ! *ur* 8 gift ( hymnody he w\ld /ill rema9 "o ( ! great ,lat9 ,fa!rs ( ! f\r? c5tury1 9 8 functions z /atesman1 organiz] & s*ol>4 ,8 contribution to ecclesia/ical poetry & music h made him influ5tial c5tury aft] c5tury4 ,9 ?is role he has spok5 directly to multitudes ( ,*ri/ians ?r\gh\t ! _w1 _m ( :om h be5 unacqua9t$ ) 8 "n or unaw>e t !y 7 foll[+ ! ,ambrosian tradition ( congregational song4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,i4 ,spl5dor pat]nae gloriae1 8,o ,spl5dor ( ,god's glory bright407 ,spa9 %>es ! honors ) ,gaul z ! bir?place ( ! e>lie/ hymn writ]s1 claim+ fir/ ,damasus & !n ,prud5tius1 7#cdh-dac871 a lawy]1 judge & poet ( 8 era4 ,little is kn[n ( 8 life aside f 8 lit]>y "w :i* includes two collections ( hymns1 ! ,ca!m]9on1 a s]ies = ! h\rs ( ! day & ! ecclesia/ical seasons & ! ,p]i/ephanon1 a s]ies ( mu* long] poems 9 praise ( ! great m>tyrs ( ! e>ly *ur*4 ,9 8 ef=t to le>n m ( ! circum/ances att5d+ _! m>tyrdom1 ,prud5tius w5t to ,rome to visit ! sc5es made sacr$ by _! dea? & suff]+s4 ,nei!r ( ^! collections 0 writt5 = liturgical use b = devotional read+4 ,bo? 7 de/9$ to be appropriat$ by compil]s ( hymn>ies1 especially 9 ,spa94 ,hymns f ! ,ca!m]9on1 ei!r 9 _! orig9al =m or 9 c5tos1 spread ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian *ur* :ile ! m>tyr hymns 7 also drawn ^u b to a less] ext5t4 ,! hymns select$ = fe/ival use are p]haps mo/ famili> today1 = example1 = ,adv5t1 ,corde natus ex p>5tis ante mundi exordium1 ( :i* ! translation 8,( ! ,fa!r's love begott510 sugge/s ! orig9al met]4 ,! ,epiphany hymn1 ,o sola magn>um urbium1 8,e>? ha? _m a noble city10 is also well kn[n4#h ,consid]$ m]ely z ,lat9 poetry1 ! hymns ( ,hil>y1 ,ambrose & ,prud5tius are transitional 9 _! lit]>y "*4 ,!y belong nei!r to ! poetry ( ! ,silv] ,age ( ,lat9 lit]ature nor d !y repres5t ! m$ieval lit]>y tradition4 ,( ! metrical aspect some?+ w be said pres5tly4 ,by "s ! ,ambrosian hymn is reg>d$ z a d>+ innovation & ! model f :i* v]nacul> ,european v]se 0 lat] to develop4 ,9 t case1 x con/itutes a class by itself4 ,= evid5ce ( ! cont9uity ( ,lat9 poetry f ! classical to ! m$ieval age we mu/ turn to ! ,c>m9a ( ,v5antius ,=tunatus4 ,=tunatus 7c4 #ecj-fjj7 0 born ne> ,treviso & liv$ z a y\? 9 nor!rn ,italy1 /udy+ at ,rav5na4 ,! great] "p ( 8 life1 h[ev]1 0 sp5t 9 ,gaul :i* he visit$ fir/ z a pilgrim to ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,m>t9 at ,t\rs1 :o1 he believ$1 _h be5 in/rum5tal 9 re/or+ 8 eyesight4 ,at ,poiti]s he met ,que5 ,rhadegunda1 wife ( ,clo?air1 ,k+ ( ,neu/ria4 ,%e _h f\nd$ a conv5t at ,poiti]s & !re liv$ 9 retirem5t4 ,?is 0 8 introduction to a life ( travel & ( int]c\rse ) ! great4 ,he 0 acqua9t$ ) bi%ops1 noblem5 & k+s ^: praises he sang 9 _m graceful tributes1 occasional poems & epitaphs4 ,?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,rhadegunda1 8 lifelong patron & fri5d1 he 0 orda9$1 & aft] h] dea? he became ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s1 #eig1 :]e he liv$ until 8 dea?4 ,z a *ur*man he 0 an admir] & biograph] ( ! sa9ts ( ,gaul1 preem95tly ,/4 ,m>t9 ^: life & miracles he rec\nt$ 9 poetic =m4 ,=tunatus seems to h c>ri$ ) him f ! ,italian sc5es associat$ ) ! poetry ( ,virgil--an inspiration :i* 0 nev] entirely lo/4 ,8 poems sugge/ a famili>ity ) ! lit]>y backgr\nd ( classical v]se4 ,dur+ 8 mature life he liv$ 9 ! environm5t ( six? c5tury ,gallic society :i* 0 already assum+ its m$ieval ,franki% outl9es4 ,natural beauty & human companion%ip 7 alike important to him4 ,he 0 acqua9t$ ) m5 & wom5 ( e degree f ! mon>* to ! slave4 ,al?\gh ! _s ( religi\s devotion & ( or?odox belief is evid5t 9 _m ( ! hundr$s ( lyrics :i* he compos$1 f\r only may be class$ z hymns4 ,?ree ( ^! are conc]n$ ) ! !me ( ! ,holy ,cross1 ,pange l+ua1 gloriosi proelium c]tam9is1 8,s+1 my tongue1 ! glori\s battle10 ,vexilla regis prodeunt1 8,! bann]s ( ! k+ advance10 & ,crux b5$icta nitet1 8,radiant is ! bless$ cross40 ,! f\r?1 ,tempora florig]o rutilant di/9cta s]5o1 8,season ( lum9\s days1 m>k$ bright ) ! bir? ( ! fl[]s10 is a ,resurrection hymn4#i ,x is impossible to indicate "h ! extraord9>y influ5ce :i* ?is gr\p ( hymns has ex]t$ 9 ! evolution ( ,*ri/ian hymnody1 cont9u+ 9 ,gaul ! tradition1 z x 71 :i* ,hil>y fir/ e/abli%$4 ,! circum/ances ( _! orig9 & _! la/+ values w be consid]$ 9 connection ) processional hymns 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,ii4 ,vexilla regis prodeunt1 8,! bann]s ( ! k+ advance407 ,,ii4 ,metrical ,=ms ,! problem ( metrical =ms & ! prosody ( ! e>lie/ ,lat9 hymns1 9 g5]al1 is a phase ( ! same problem affect+ ,lat9 poetry z a :ole4 ,! subject is bo? complicat$ & obscure1 entangl$ ) t ( ,lat9 rhetorical prose /yle1 ! transition f ! quantitative acc5t ( anci5t classical poetry to ! /ress acc5t ( m$ieval & mod]n v]se & ) ! orig9 ( rhyme4 ,x is a problem = speciali/s among :om op9ions are n[ div]g5t4 ,t[>d a practical und]/&+ ( ! metrical values ( ! hymns ( ,hil>y1 ,prud5tius1 ,ambrose & ,=tunatus1 ! pragmatic te/ ( :at is s+able may be appli$4 ,! anci5t balanc$ rhy?ms ( ,semitic poetry z illu/rat$ 9 ! ,hebrew psalms _h be5 sung = g5]ations4 ,! metrical lyrics ( anci5t ,greece 7 sung to an in/rum5tal accompanim5t z 7 ! ,lat9 lyrics ( ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,rome4 ,^! highly poli%$ classical =ms 7 = ! elite4 ,( popul> poetry :i* 0 sung 9 ! p]iod imm$iately prec$+ ! appe>ance ( ! ,lat9 hymn1 v little is kn[n4 ,! e>ly writ]s 7 exp]im5t]s4 ,hil>y us$ classical met]s ) alt]ations1 ( :i* ! tro*aic tetramet] catalectic prov$ mo/ acceptable4#aj ,x is illu/rat$ 9 ,adae c>nis gloriosae & also 9 hymns by ,prud5tius & ,=tunatus4 ,prud5tius us$ a v>iety ( met]s 9 addition to ! tro*aic :i* prov$ adaptable 9 actual liturgical practice b by t "t /ress acc5t 0 beg9n+ to obscure ! orig9al quantitative values4 ,ambrose us$ ! unrhym$ iambic dimet]1 a simple & s+able =m :i* has be5 9 vogue ev] s9ce1 at fir/ unrhym$ aft] ! orig9al models & lat] rhym$4 ,! popul> tro*aic met] famili>iz$ by ,hil>y1 ,prud5tius & ,=tunatus1 :5 trans=m$ by /ress acc5t & rhyme1 is easily recogniz$ bo? 9 ,lat9 & ! v]nacul>s4 ,=tunatus popul>iz$ ! elegiac met] 9 hymns = a ?\s& ye>s by demon/rat+ its use 9 ,tempora florig]o4 ,prior to ! n9? c5tury revival ( hymnody1 ! ,ambrosian hymn1 consid]$ z a metrical model1 9 comp>ison ) all o!r exi/+ models1 dom9ates ! field equally ) its pre/ige z an expression ( ,*ri/ian !ology & devotion4 ,,iii4 ,hymns 9 ,wor%ip ,x is evid5t t ! f\r? c5tury 0 "o ( innovation 9 ! cu/om ( congregational s++ z ! ,ambrosian hymn 0 m widely diffus$4 ,our k ( :at actually took place is v incomplete1 bas$ fir/ ^u ! writ+ ( ,ambrose & 8 contempor>ies & lat] ^u ! h9ts d]iv$ f mona/ic usage4 ,t morn+ & ev5+ s]vices ( pray] & praise 7 common is well kn[n4 ,t ! s++ ( ! new f\r? c5tury hymns 0 an integral "p ( su* s]vices is l>gely assum$4 ,prud5tius wrote hymns = ! ev5+ c]emony ( ! luc]n>e or light+ ( ! c&les1 a ,*ri/ian practice adopt$ f ! ,greek *ur*1 to :i* _m ref]5ces are f\nd4 ,! fact t ! hymns ( ,prud5tius 7 9 exi/5ce long be=e !y appe>$ 9 ! records ( =mal wor%ip po9ts to e>ly ,*ri/ian usage1 h[ev] dimly p]ceiv$4 ,conc]n+ music we le>n f ! mo/ rec5t rese>*es t 8no?+ def9ite is kn[n ( ! melodies t 7 actually appli$ to ! hymns ( ,/4 ,ambrose40#aa ,! traditional liturgical music ( ,milan is kn[n z ! ,ambrosian ,*ant4 ,x _c be trac$ to ,ambrose himself b is suppos$ to h exi/$ 9 a simpl] =m ?an t :i* appe>s 9 available manuscripts beg9n+ ) ! twelf? c5tury4 ,at lea/ x may be said to h exi/$ prior to ! ,roman ,*ant & p]haps h influ5c$ ! latt]4 ,) a frank ackn[l$gem5t ( ignorance z to ! antiphonal melodies :i* ?rill$ ,/4 ,augu/9e at ,milan1 ! possibility mu/ be admitt$ t !y reflect$ to "s ext5t ! =mal music ( ! synagogue or ! music ( ! ,greeks or ! elem5ts ( contempor>y folk music because ^! 7 ! musical mat]ials ( :i* ! ,*ri/ians _h exp]i5ce4 ,all ?ree may h be5 repres5t$1 b = a hymn ( ! ,ambrosian type1 ! *ant z evolv$ 9 r5d]+ ! ,gospels or ! ,psalms may h giv5 place to a =m ( song m *>act]i/ic ( ! lyric4 ,,iv4 ,!mes ,! tradition ( ,*ri/ian hymnology :i* upholds a way ( life is fundam5tal 9 ,ambrosian & contempor>y hymns4 ,! 8way0 is ! fir/ t]m by :i* ,*ri/ianity 0 designat$ 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,?us to ! ,scriptures ! hymn writ]s turn$ = ! liv+ *>act]ization ( _! !mes4 ,! call to a virtu\s life is s\nd$ 9 ,spl5dor pat]nae gloriae quot$ above4 ,simil>ly ?r\gh\t ^! hymns1 ! high ideal ( fai?1 purity1 hope1 pati5ce1 humility & love & ! e?ical tea*+s d]iv$ f ! words ( ,jesus & f ! e>ly exempl>s ( ! ,*ri/ian religion are cle>ly express$ & enjo9$4 ,n alone = contempor>ies 9 a p]iod ( crisis & controv]sy 7 ^! hymns effective4 ,!y h cont9u$ to speak ! same words 9 ! same _s ( joy & devotion d]iv$ f contact ) ! e>li] spr+s ( fai? to e succe$+ c5tury4 ,! writ+s ( m5 famili> ) ,roman civilization & tra9$ 9 classical culture w\ld naturally be presum$ to reta9 ! flavor ( a non-,*ri/ian lit]ature4 ,*ri/ianity _h already appropriat$ f ! pagan philosoph]s ^? tea*+s :i* 7 cong5ial to its own4 ,ambrose reveals bo? 9 8 poetic & prose writ+s 8 acqua9tance ) classical ?\ght & lit]>y models4 ,prud5tius m+les ! classical & ! ,*ri/ian4 ,=tunatus 0 inspir$ by classical poetry to a ,*ri/ian expression ( beauty 9 =m & cont5t4 ,b 9 e case1 ^! *>act]i/ics are m>g9al4 ,! core ( _! hymns is ! scriptural n>rative4 ,n only is ! subject matt] fai?fully reproduc$ b ! actual text is sometimes emb$d$ 9 ! v]se4 ,! result is a r>e objectivity & a lack ( embelli%m5t especially 9 ! works ( ,ambrose :i* became ! pref]r$ /&>d = lat] writ]s4#ab ,! life ( ,jesus is a favorite !me p>ticul>ly 9 ^? episodes :i* 7 describ$ & exp&$ 9 hymns = ! ,nativity1 ,epiphany1 ,passion1 ,ea/] & ,p5teco/4 ,f ! episode ( ! ,nativity ! praise ( ! ,virg9 0 develop$4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 0 ev]y:]e upheld 9 hymns1 ev5 z its def5se _h be5 influ5tial 9 _! creation4 ,! gr\p ( hymns :i* praise ! e>ly ,*ri/ian lead]s1 ei!r directly or by incid5tal m5tion1 =m a nucleus = ! impressive m$ieval hymnology ( ! sa9ts4 ,! ,apo/les h fir/ place bo? 9 *ronology & importance4 ,prud5tius prais$ ! ,roman m>tyrs & ,ambrose ^? ( ,rome & ,milan z well4 ,bo? honor$ ,laur5ce ! ,deacon & ,agnes ! ,virg94 ,to ! praise ( ! :ole gr\p 8! noble army ( m>tyrs10 ! hymn ,aet]na ,*ri/i mun]a1 8,! et]nal gifts ( ,*ri/ ! ,k+10 0 writt51 unrivall$ z a m>tyr hymn 9 any p]iod ( ,lat9 hymnology4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,iii4 ,aet]na ,*ri/i mun]a1 8,! et]nal gifts ( ,*ri/ ! ,k+407 ,,*apt] ,,two ,e>ly ,middle ,ages3 ,! ,old ,hymnal ,i4 ,! ,hymn ,cycles ,we owe ! pres]vation ( ! e>lie/ ,lat9 hymns to mona/ic practice4 ,:5 ! f\nd]s ( mona/icism 9 ! we/1 ,caes>ius & ,aurelian :o 7 fam\s bi%ops ( ,arles 7#f? ,c471 & ,b5$ict 7d4 #edc71 f\nd] ( ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord]1 organiz$ ! regulations & r\t9e = ! communities "u _! *>ge1 !y incorporat$ ,lat9 hymns already exi/+ into ! daily wor%ip ( ! mona/]y4#a ,^! 7 sung at ! s]vices ( ! canonical h\rs & 7 kn[n z h\r hymns or (fice hymns4 ,a cont9uity c be trac$1 al?\gh fa9tly1 f primitive ,*ri/ian obs]vances4 ,beg9n+ ) ! vigil ( ,saturday night 9 prep>ation = ! foll[+ ,sunday1 ! fir/ ?ree c5turies ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory develop$ public s]vices = pray] at c&lelight1 night "t1 & dawn4 ,by ! f\r? c5tury1 ! tide ( devotional practice _h set 91 br++ ) x daily wor%ip 9 ! *ur* at ! ?ird1 six? & n9? h\rs4 ,at ! end ( ! f\r? & dur+ ! fif? c5tury ! cycle 0 complet$ ) new (fices at sunrise & nightfall4 ,! full s]ies1 !re=e1 includ$ ! nocturnal cursus2 vesp]s1 compl9e1 mat9s 7nocturns & lauds71 & ! diurnal cursus2 prime1 t]ce1 sext & nones4#b ,an opportunity 0 af=d$ to unify ! s]vices & at ! same "t to make use ( ! symbolic numb] sev5 by ref]5ce to ,psalm #aai3 #afd 7,ps4 #aah1 ,vulgate71 8,sev5 times a day d ,i praise !e because ( ?y righte\s ord9ances40 ,f ! simple assemblies ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity1 !re=e1 & ! daily (fices ( pray]1 a fully elaborat$ cycle ( hymns 9 "t develop$1 appropriate to ! symbolism ( ! sev5 h\rs & to ! ne$s ( ! annual fea/s4 ,con/antly increas+ 9 numb] & v>iety1 ^! cycles 7 pres]v$ 9 psalt]s toge!r ) ! psalms or 9 a hymn>y by !mselves4 ,9 fact1 ! ^w hymn came to mean specifically an (fice hymn lat] to be associat$ ) ! brevi>y1 & ! ^w hymnal1 a cycle or collection ( (fice hymns4 ,at fir/ ! cycles 7 brief4 ,five extant manuscripts reveal ! six? c5tury gr\p ( hymns ( :i* ! be/ repres5tative1 ! s-call$ ,psalt] ( ! ,que5 f ! fam\s collection ( ,que5 ,*ri/9e ( ,sw$51 probably dates f ! "t ( ,*>les ,m>tel 7d4 #gda74c ,?is gr\p ( hymns is usually ref]r$ to z ! ,old ,hymnal1 ! initial v]sion ( :i* numb]s ?irty-f\r hymns b at ! close ( ! six? c5tury _h increas$ to p]haps sixty hymns 9 actual use4#d ,! ?irty-f\r orig9al hymns ( ! ,old ,hymnal are li/$ 9 ! ,app5dix to ?is *apt] :]e ! appropriate location ( ea* is indicat$1 :e!r = daily or seasonal wor%ip4 ,due to ! influ5ce ( ,b5$ict :o _h enjo9$ ! use ( ! ,ambrosian hymn1 ! au!ntic v]se ( ,ambrose 0 pres]v$ & ext5sively imitat$ among ! regul> cl]gy4 ,:at _h become ( ! hymn 9 secul> wor%ip8 ,! old prejudice aga9/ non-scriptural hymns & 9 favor ( ! ,psalms _h nev] di$ out4 ,by a canon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,laodicea 7c4 #cfd71 psalmi idiotici or 8private hymns0 7 =bidd51 a m&ate :i* 0 valid dur+ ! lifetime ( ,ambrose :o1 nev]!less1 ignor$ a re/riction int5d$ to safegu>d or?odoxy b h>dly applicable 9 8 case4 ,9 ! six? c5tury ! secul> cl]gy ( ,spa9 7 =bidd5 to use hymns by ! ,c\ncil ( ,braga1 #efc4e ,! p>adox ( enc\rag+ non-scriptural hymns 9 ! mona/]y & =bidd+ _! use 9 ! *ur* at l>ge has be5 expla9$ by ref]5ce to ! contempor>y appe>ance ( e>ly =ms ( v]nacul> spee* 9 we/]n ,europe4 ,lat91 ! language ( ! *ur*1 its liturgy & its cl]gy1 0 n[ ?reat5$ by a possible inroad ( ! v]nacul>4#f ,hymn writ+ 0 reg>d$1 p]haps1 z a pr]ogative ( ! cl]gy to be kept )9 b\nds4 ,to ?r[ op5 to ! *ur* ev]y:]e ^! privileges might be dang]\s alike = !ology & wor%ip4 ,le>n+ 9 ! ,lat9 tongue t5d$ to be conc5trat$ 9 ! mona/]y1 = o!r c5t]s ( s*ol>%ip 7 few & f> betwe52 hymnology became l>gely a function ( ! mona/ic gr\p4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ^! c5turies embrac$ a p]iod ( ! greate/ political1 economic & social confusion 9 we/]n ,europe dur+ :i* we "k relatively little ab\t ,*ri/ian wor%ip 9 widespread congregations except = ! rite ( ! mass4 ,yet 9 ! six? c5tury ! opposite t5d5cy t[>d great] fre$om 9 writ+ & s++ hymns 0 app>5t4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,t\rs1 #efg1 p]mitt$ ! secul> cl]gy to use ,ambrosian & o!r hymns4#g ,if view$ 9 ?is light1 ! religi\s v]se ( ,=tunatus takes on a new significance1 illu/rative ( ! fre$om :i* ! ,*ur* 9 ,gaul1 always highly individual1 n[ exp]i5c$ 9 ! realm ( hymnology4 ,gaul1 !n1 0 ! sc5e ( a conflict 9 :i* ! ,lat9 hymn 0 cont5d+1 & t successfully1 = its v life4 ,on ! mona/ic side1 anonym\s cl]ics1 us+ ! ,ambrosian model1 gradually provid$ ! full complem5t ( hymns = ! annual fe/ivals 9 h>mony ) ! liturgical ye> :i* began to em]ge & resemble some:at its pres5t =m4 ,:]ev] ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord] p5etrat$ into ! t]ritories ( we/]n ,europe1 ! use ( hymns likewise increas$4 ,_! diffusion mu/ be reg>d$ z comp>able ) t ( an organization :i* )9 two hundr$ ye>s ( ! dea? ( its f\nd] boa/$ hundr$s ( mona/]ies & conv5ts ?r\gh\t we/]n ,*ri/5dom1 augm5t$ by ,iri% & o!r f\ndations :i* _h adopt$ ! ,b5$ict9e ,rule4 ,mission>y zeal _h play$ a significant role 9 ?is expansion4 ,fulda1 = in/ance1 a community ) #djj monks & _m mission>ies at its disposal1 0 able "u ,willibald to ext5d its influ5ce ?r\gh num]\s subord9ate mona/]ies & conv5ts4 ,royal favor1 already enjoy$ by ,/4 ,gall & n[ conf]r$ ^u new e/abli%m5ts1 rivall$ t ( popes & synods1 :i* at ! "t ( ,pipp9's coronation 9 #gej or #geb1 comb9$ to insure ! success ( ! ,b5$ict9e program4#h ,on ! side ( secul> wor%ip1 ! hymnal us$ by ,b5$ict & 8 successors gradually ga9$ a foo?old 9 ! *ur* ?r\gh diocesan c5t]s :i* adopt$ ! mona/ic cycles4 ,or p]haps x may be said1 ) ! res]vation t we are 9 ! realm ( !ory & n ( fact1 t ! anci5t hymns writt5 prior to ! six? c5tury _h be5 circulat$ & cont9u$ to be circulat$ 9 ! we/ 9 a way n at pres5t und]/ood1 9 connection ) ! ,gallican or anci5t liturgy ( ,gaul4 ,if s1 ! ,old ,hymnal is ! ,gallican hymnal :i* ,b5$ict appropriat$ & 8 foll[]s ma9ta9$ to its ackn[l$g$ pre/ige by ! ye> #gej4 ,an episode ( significance = hymnology dur+ ! p]iod "u consid]ation 9 ?is *apt] is ! activity ( ,gregory ! ,great :o occupi$ ! papal ?rone f #eij to #fjd4 ,a memb] ( ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord]1 he is not$ = 8 en?usia/ic support ( its mission>y program & = 8 int]e/ 9 ecclesia/ical music & poetry4 ,8 role 9 ! ext5sion ( ! ,roman ,rite & ( ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord] to ,brita9 is famili> to all4#i ,8 au?ority 9 ! we/]n *ur* is a matt] n ( controv]sy b ( fact4 ,t he 0 deeply int]e/$ bo? 9 hymn writ+ & s++ may be safely assum$ = !re are too _m reports ( 8 activity to be ignor$4 ,8 actual role 9 ! developm5t ( ! *ant :i* be>s 8 "n & ! au?or%ip ( eight to elev5 hymns attribut$ to him1 h n be5 det]m9$4 ,= ,gregory's contribution to ! ritual music ( ! *ur* ! read] is ref]r$ to ! discussion ( ?is subject by speciali/s 9 ! field ( liturgical music4 ,= 8 contribution to ! hymn cycles1 mod]n hymnologi/s h judg$ ev5 ! eight hymns s+l$ out z ,gregorian by ,b5$ict9e editors1 to be d\btful al?\gh ! nocturn & vesp] hymns may be au!ntic4#aj ,aside f critical rese>* ! fact rema9s t all ^! hymns appe> 9 ! cycles ( ! day & sev]al h be5 9 liturgical use to ! pres5t "t4 ,!y are repres5tative ( ! hymnology ( ! transition betwe5 ! ,old ,hymnal & ! lat] cycles ^: hidd5 orig9s ,gregory may h influ5c$4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,iv4 ,nocte surg5tes vigilemus omnes1 8,fa!r we praise ,!e1 n[ ! night is ov]407 ,,ii4 ,moz>abic ,contributions ,! li/ ( hymns 9 ! ,old ,hymnal 7,see ,app5dix7 reveals at a glance ! pres5ce ( n9e ,moz>abic hymns4 ,moz>abic is a t]m appli$ to ! ,*ri/ian inhabitants ( ,spa9 "u ,moslem rule & also to ! rites ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* prevail+ ?r\gh\t ! ,visigo?ic & ,moslem p]iods4 ,x is ! =m] or ,visigo?ic p]iod ext5d+ f ! f\ndation ( ! ,k+dom by ,euric1 #dff1 to ! entry ( ! ,moslems 9 #gaa1 :i* claims our att5tion "h4 ,connections betwe5 ,spa9 & ,gaul at ?is "t 7 v close = ! ,visigo?s rul$ a l>ge "p ( :at is n[ s\!rn ,france f ! ,atlantic to ! ,m>itime ,alps4 ,! great *ur*m5 ( ,spa91 especially ,isidore1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,seville 7d4 #fcf71 p]=m$ ! same s]vice = ,*ri/ian hymns 9 ,spa9 :i* ! mona/ic lead]s p]=m$ 9 ,gaul4 ,9 8 ,etymologiae & 8 ,de (ficiis ecclesia/icis1 ,isidore consid]s ! subject ( music & liturgy4 ,8 ,regula mona*orum1 built p>tly on old] rules obs]v$ 9 ,spa91 is an evid5ce ( 8 int]e/ 9 mona/ic re=m4 ,z presid+ bi%op ( ! ,,iv ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 #fcc1 he 0 at ! height ( 8 reputation4#aa ,braulio1 ,bi%op ( ,s>agossa1 7#fca-fea71 8 pupil & lit]>y executor1 be>s witness to 8 fame4#ab ,he himself ma9ta9$ ! liturgical tradition :i* 0 cont9u$ ) great success by ,eug5ius ,,ii1 ,primate ( ,tol$o1 7#fdf-feg71 ,ildefonsus :o held ! same rank1 7#fei-ffg71 & o!rs4 ,z ! result ( ! lit]>y & liturgical movem5t initiat$ by ^! lead]s1 support$ by ! c\ncils & s*ools1 ! ,moz>abic hymnology 0 rapidly develop$4 ,! canons ( ! ,,iv ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 = :i* ,isidore may h be5 p]sonally responsible1 require uni=mity ( ! rites & (fices ?r\gh\t ,spa9 & ,gaul4 ,! ?irte5? canon upholds ! validity & appropriat5ess ( hymns by ,*ri/ian au?ors aga9/ ^? :o w\ld re/rict ! hymnody ( ! ,*ur* to ! ,psalms ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,aft] a discussion ( ! old prohibitions & ! reasons = approv+ ! new compositions1 ,canon #ac reads3 8,z ) pray]s1 s also ) hymns writt5 = ! praise ( ,god1 let no "o ( y disapprove ( !m b publi% !m abroad bo? 9 ,gaul & ,spa94 ,let ^? be puni%$ ) excommunication :o h v5tur$ to repudiate hymns40#ac ,build+ ^u ! "w ( ,ambrose1 ,s$ulius & notably ,prud5tius1 _! own c\ntryman2 adapt+ anci5t traditions ( congregational wor%ip & mona/ic usage1 ! liturgi/s ( ! sev5? c5tury mu/ h collat$ = ! use ( ! cl]gy approximately sixty-five hymns f s\rces orig9at+ prior to _! own day4 ,^! anci5t hymns =m ! nucleus ( ! ,moz>abic ,hymnal1 ! e>lie/ manuscript ( :i* dates f ! t5? c5tury4 ,!y reveal int]relations betwe5 ! ,spani% & ,gallican *ur*es & !y indicate a cont9uity ( hymn s++ f primitive congregational usage l ! ,ambrosian to ! sev5? c5tury revival & ext5sion ( non-scriptural hymns4#ad 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,v4 ,alleluia piis edite laudibus1 8,s+ alleluia =? 9 dute\s praise407 ,,iii4 ,celtic ,hymns ,! ,celtic inhabitants ( ! ,briti% ,isles f ! p]iod ( ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity ma9ta9$ individual features ( liturgy & organization1 especially 9 _! mona/ic gr\ps4 ,! contempor>y ,saxon ,*ur* ( ! sev5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 _h be5 drawn into ! ,roman sph]e ( influ5ce by ,gregory ! ,great :o 0 also 9 t\* ) ,celtic lead]%ip4 ,! anci5t record ( ! int]*ange ( hymns writt5 respectively by ,/4 ,columba ( ,iona & by ,gregory pres]ves m ?an a report incapable ( pro(4#ae ,x po9ts to reciprocal int]e/ 9 ! evolv+ hymnology ( ! six? & sev5? c5turies 9 ,celtic & cont95tal regions4 ,! s-call$ ,bangor ,antiphon>y ( ! sev5? c5tury is ! e>lie/ manuscript conta9+ hymns1 twelve 9 numb]4#af ,its cont5ts are o!rwise miscellane\s1 includ+ a li/ ( ! abbots ( ,bangor4 ,hil>y's suppos$ hymn f ?is collection1 ,hymnum dicat turba fratrum1 has already be5 cit$4 ,an anci5t communion hymn1 ,sancti v5ite ,*ri/i corpus sumite1 8,draw nigh & take ! body ( ! ,"l10 is includ$ & ,m$iae noctis tempus e/1 8,x is ! midnight h\r10 an (fice hymn common to ! hymnals ( ,spa9 & ,gaul4 ,among o!r important s\rces is ! ,iri% ,lib] hymnorum1 pres]v$ 9 an elev5? c5tury manuscript ( ,dubl9 :i* conta9s ,columba's hymn1 ,altus prosator1 8,anci5t ( days10 honor+ ,god ! creator1 & ! ,lorica or ,brea/plate ,hymn ( ,/4 ,gildas 7#f? ,c471 ,suffrag>e tr9itatis unitas1 unitatis mis]]e tr9itas1 8,grant me ?y favor1 ,?ree 9 ,"o1 h m]cy on me1 ,"o 9 ,?ree40#ag ,on ! :ole ,celtic hymns exhibit great v>iety 9 subject matt] & purpose ) _m dep>tures f ! type ( hymn cycle 9 use on ! cont95t4 ,inde$1 ! gr\p ( f fifte5 to tw5ty hymns produc$ 9 ! c5turies "u consid]ation are highly di/9ctive4 ,! ,ambrosian tradition is n app>5t4 ,non-,ambrosian met]s are illu/rat$ 9 all ?ree hymns cit$ above :ile allit]ation1 ! abcd =m1 repetition ( initial words & o!r metrical devices are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! collection4 ,!re are hymns = ! (fices & communion1 metrical pray]s & a gr\p ( hymns = sa9ts1 "s be>+ witness to local cults4 ,poetic individuality m>ks !m all4#ah ,contemporane\s ) ! fl[]+ ( ,celtic hymnology1 ! sev5? c5tury saw ! beg9n+ ( ! cultural invasion ( ! cont95t by ,celtic s*ol>s1 tea*]s & mission>ies :]eby two /reams ( culture1 previ\sly isolat$1 unit$ ) significant results = ! hymnology ( ! future4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,vi4 ,sancti v5ite ,*ri/i corpus sumite1 8,draw nigh & take ! body ( ! ,"l407 ,,iv4 ,summ>y ,! acc\nt ( ! ,*ri/ian hymns ( necessity accompanies t ( ! ,*ri/ian organization1 mov+ f ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean & ! ,*ri/ian c5t]s 9 ,roman prov9cial areas into ! 8regions beyond0 ( mission>y ef=t4 ,al?\gh congregational s++ 9 ! ,ambrosian s5se appe>s to h be5 subm]g$ 9 ?is process1 ! traditional hymnody 0 pres]v$1 new hymns add$ & ! f\ndation laid = ! n9? c5tury revival4 ,anonymity is ! rule & kn[n au?or%ip ! exception = ! hymns produc$ 9 ! fif?1 six?1 sev5? & eigh? c5turies4 ,?is cont9u$ to be ! rule dur+ ! :ole m$ieval p]iod s9ce ! names ( ^? :o wrote ! non-scriptural p>ts ( religi\s rites 7 lo/ or unkn[n or p]haps ( little importance 9 communal wor%ip4 ,! fact t ! hymns :i* survive h be5 ga!r$ f liturgical manuscripts & n f ! "w ( individual au?ors except 9 r>e cases1 %\ld make anonymity m intelligible4 ,hymn s\rces are scanty & int]connections1 dimly p]ceiv$1 c r>ely be e/abli%$4 ,cont9uity ( evolution is (t5 brok5 or replac$ by new poetical inspiration4 ,h[ev]1 ! f\r? c5tury appeal to ! objective1 ! direct1 ! simple1 is seldom v>i$ by ! subjective !me4 ,! biblical n>ratives & ! symbolism connect$ ) ! v>i\s (fices & fea/s add sub/ance & "* to ! cycles & to ! concept ( ! liturgical ye>4 ,9 ! he>t ( ! ,d>k ,ages1 popul>ly consid]$1 we/]n ,european civilization 0 9 confusion & its fate problematical4 ,"o c\ld sc>cely expect ! fruits ( peace & security to fl\ri%4 ,yet 9 ^! v c5turies !re 7 creat$ & circulat$ _m ( ! be/ lov$ hymns ( ,*ri/ianity1 a numb] ( :i* h be5 9 unbrok5 use to ! pres5t day4 ,among !m are ! illu/rations ins]t$ above & ,lucis ,creator optime1 8,o ble/ creator ( ! light20 ! ,adv5t hymns1 ,v]bum sup]num prodi5s1 8,high ,^w ( ,god :o once did/ come10 & ,conditor alme sid]um1 8,creator ( ! />s ( night20 ! ,ea/] hymn1 ,cl>o pas*ali gaudio1 8,t ,ea/] day ) joy 0 bright20 = ! d$ication ( a *ur*1 ,urbs beata ,j]usalem1 8,bless$ city1 heav5ly ,salem0 ) ! m famili> second "p1 8,*ri/ is made ! sure f\ndation40 ,two hymns honor+ ! ,virg9 date f ?is p]iod3 ,ave m>is /ella1 8,hail1 ,sea-,/> we "n ,!e10 & ,quem t]ra pontus ae!ra1 8,! ,god :om e>? & sea & sky10 initiat+ ! ,m>ian hymnology ( ! ,middle ,ages4#ai 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,vii4 ,ave m>is /ella1 8,hail1 ,sea-,/> we "n ,!e407 ,creat$ & pres]v$ 9 a cl]ical & = ! mo/ "p a mona/ic environm5t ^! hymns express ! ,*ri/ian ?\ght & fai? ( ! era :i* 0 ?us treasur$ up = wid] circulation & influ5ce 9 a lat] & m settl$ society4 ,! words ( ! late ,canon ,d\glas1 a great ,am]ican hymnologi/1 are memorable 9 ?is connection3 8,:at does h a practical be>+ on our subject is1 t :atev] may h be5 ! old] cycle1 x 0 enri*$ to an extraord9>y degree 9 ! e>ly m$ieval c5turies4 ,:at began 9 ,milan1 & a*iev$ its p]man5t recognition at ,monte ,cass9o1 0 soon to br+ ab\t a ,moz>abic ,hymnal 9 ,spa91 a ,gallican hymnal 9 nor!rn ,europe1 an ,anglo-,iri% cycle 9 ,brita93 & f all ^! v>i\s increm5ts n only enl>g$ ! gr[+ ,hymnal b also ri*ly div]sifi$ x40#bj ,app5dix ,old ,hymnal 7,see ,anal4 ,hymn41 #ea1 ,introduction p4 xx74 ,ad nocturnas horas ,m$iae noctis tempus e/ 7,moz>abic2 9 ,bangor ,antiphon>y7 ,rex aet]ne ,dom9e ,magna et mirabilia ,aet]ne r]um conditor ,tempus noctis surg5tibus ,ad matut9as laudes ,deus qui caeli lum5 es ,spl5dor pat]nae gloriae ,aet]nae lucis conditor 7,moz>abic7 ,fulg5tis auctor ae!ris 7,moz>abic7 ,deus aet]ni lum9is 7,moz>abic7 ,*ri/e caeli ,dom9e ,diei luce r$dita ,ad p>vas horas ,po/matut9is laudibus ,c]tum t55tes ord9em 7,moz>abic7 ,dicamus laudes ,dom9o 7,moz>abic7 ,p]fectum tr9um num]um 7,moz>abic7 ,ad vesp]as ,deus creator omnium ,deus qui c]tis legibus 7,moz>abic7 ,deus qui cl>o lum9e ,sator pr9cepsque temporum ,ad completorium ,*ri/e qui lux es et dies 7,moz>abic7 ,*ri/e precamur adnue ,proprii de tempore ,int5de qui regis ,illum9ans altissimus ,dei fide qua vivimus ,m]idie or&um es ,sic t] quat]nis trahitur ,hic e/ dies v]us ,dei ,iam surgit hora t]tia ,iam sexta s5sim volvitur ,t] hora tr9a volvitur ,ad c5am agni providi ,aurora lucis rutilat ,de communi m>tyrum ,aet]na ,*ri/i mun]a ,,*apt] ,,?ree ,! ,n9? ,c5tury ,revival3 ,hymns ,i4 ,backgr\nd ( ,c>ol+ian ,culture ,to expla9 fully ! orig9 ( a great lit]>y movem5t mu/ always be difficult1 = ! subtle influ5ces affect+ its beg9n+s elude a sci5tific analysis ( facts4 ,"o obs]ves ! revival ( ,lat9 hymnology betwe5 #gej & #ijj ,a4,d4 ) amazem5t4 ,! voices ( ,ambrose1 8 contempor>ies & 8 imm$iate imitators _h be5 sil5c$ = c5turies4 ,v5antius ,=tunatus _h /ood =?1 a solit>y survival ( ! old ,lat9 poetic g5ius or1 p]haps m accurately1 a solit>y h]ald ( ! new m$ieval awak5+4 ,!n a fl[]+ ( religi\s poetry spread ov] we/]n ,europe1 n to be )]$ by new b>b>ian invasions b to be ! p]man5t possession ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,9 ?is p]iod ! old] cycles ( (fice hymns 7 revis$ & exp&$ & fre% cycles creat$ 9 su* numb]s z to ju/ify ! new t]m9ology ( ! ,lat] ,hymnal or ,n9? ,c5tury ,hymnal4 ,! sequ5ce arose 9 ! =mal wor%ip ( ! mass1 af=d+ a new inspirational to cl]ical poets & result+ 9 a body ( sacr$ v]se ( increas+ influ5ce4 ,! processional hymn & its relat$ =ms appe>$ 9 response to ! new impulse t[>d a hymnic accompanim5t to c]emonial acts4 ,9 effect1 ! hymn dur+ ! p]iod "u consid]ation1 0 well e/abli%$ 9 e aspect ( =mal wor%ip4 ,9 ! backgr\nd ( ! age :i* creat$ ?is lit]ature mu/ be s\ght ! tr5ds & motivation :i* make intelligible ! voices ( its int]pret]s4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! ye>s f #gej to #ijj ,a4,d4 :5 ! ,c>ol+ian rul]s1 ,pipp91 ,*>lemagne1 ,l\is ! ,pi\s & ,*>les ! ,bald 7 guid+ ! de/9ies ( ! ,franks1 ! v>i\s influ5ces affect+ public wor%ip mu/ be survey$4 ,! mo/ important 7 ! liturgical re=ms und]tak5 or sponsor$ by ! ,c>ol+ian rul]s2 _! promotion ( ecclesia/ical music & s++2 _! int]e/ 9 ! re=m & expansion ( ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord]2 ! lit]>y activity ( memb]s ( ! ,c>ol+ian c\rt circles :o devot$ !mselves to liturgical /udies or poetic expression2 ! "p play$ by ,celtic culture2 ! infiltration ( ,byzant9e ideas & arts & ! rise ( ,g]manic g5ius4 ,! introduction & p]man5t e/abli%m5t ( ! ,roman liturgy 9 ,franki% realms =m ! backgr\nd ( public wor%ip 9 ! ,c>ol+ian era4 ,:5 ,pipp9 asc5d$ ! ?rone 9 #geb1 ! ,gallican ,rite prevail$4 ,:5 ! reign ( ,*>les ! ,bald came to a close 9 #hgg1 ! ,roman ,rite 0 supreme4#a ,*>lemagne receiv$ ! ,gregorian ,sacram5t>y f ,pope ,hadrian ,i4#b ,/imulat$ by 8 desire to unify ! ,g]manic peoples "u papal z well z imp]ial au?ority1 he br\ght ab\t by royal edicts or capitul>ies a widespread re=m 9 ! we/]n cont95tal *ur*4 ,^? features ( 8 program :i* affect$ hymnology include requirem5ts t prie/s mu/ be educat$1 t monks obs]ve _! mona/ic rule1 t ! s++ ( ! psalms & ! gloria be improv$1 t s*ools ( s++ & gramm> be f\nd$ 9 mona/ic & diocesan c5t]s1 t bo? regul> & secul> cl]gy be urg$ to acquire k & skill 9 s++1 t ! ,roman ,*ant be orda9$1 t a s++ s*ool be e/abli%$ at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 t ! cl]gy read & s+ well4#c ,*>lemagne's successors1 ,l\is ! ,pi\s & ,*>les ! ,bald cont9u$ 8 re=m+ policy4 ,9 ! legislation cit$ above1 ,*>lemagne _h foll[$ 8 fa!r's example :i* favor$ a tra9+ 9 ,gregorian music "u ,roman tea*]s1 z develop$ 9 ! s*ools ( ,rome4#d ,pipp9's int]e/ _h result$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a musical c5t] ( great repute at ,metz#e :i* also possess$ a ca!dral s*ool repres5tative ( ! f9e/ in/itutions :i* fl\ri%$ at ?is "t side by side ) mona/ic c5t]s ( le>n+4 ,*>lemagne 0 pres5t$ ) a copy ( ! ,b5$ict9e ,rule ) *oir rules1 (fice & fe/ival hymns1 by ,!odom>1 ,abbot ( ,monte ,cass9o1 sometime betwe5 #ghg & #gig4f ,x became 8 *os5 duty to promulgate ! ,rule1 to require its obs]vance ev]y:]e )9 8 realms & fur!r to ext5d ! influ5ce ( ! ,ord] 9 g5]al4 ,consequ5tly1 mona/ic c5t]s ( music arose1 = example1 at ,/4 ,gall :]e ! hymnody ( ! (fices 0 fo/]$ & gradually made available = ! bi%oprics z well4 ,l\is ! ,pi\s1 7#had-hdj71 & ,*>les ! ,bald1 7#hdc-hgg71 9 _! turn cont9u$ ! patronage ( ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord]4 ,already =tifi$ by ! ef=ts ( ,*>lemagne1 ! ,b5$ict9es ent]$ a p]iod ( religi\s & cultural influ5ce :i* 0 lat] m]g$ into ! age ( ! univ]sities4 ,l9k$ directly ) ! program = mona/ic re=m1 ! impulse to write new hymns & ! enc\ragem5t to f9] musical p]=mance toge!r creat$ ! annual cycles ( ?is p]iod 9 :i* ! old] hymns 7 reta9$ & supplem5t$ by ! new4 ,! writ]s & lit]>y lead]s ( ! ,c>ol+ian p]iod 7 by virtue ( _! cl]ical pr(ession actively engag$ 9 liturgical /udies4 ,alcu9 compil$ ! missal :i* e/abli%$ ! ,gregorian ,sacram5t>y 9 ,franki% realms & con/itut$ a rec5sion acceptable to ! ,roman ,*ur*4#g ,a significant innovation = hymnology 0 ! decorative procession4#h ,alcu9 0 also influ5tial ?r\gh 8 devotional works :i* supplem5t$ ! public wor%ip ( ! mass & (fices4 ,paulus ,diaconus & ,angilb]t 7 second to ,alcu9 9 promot+ liturgical /udies4 ,! works ( ! great writ]s 7 accompani$ by num]\s writ+s ( less] importance :i* be> witness1 z w be evid5t bel[1 to ! increas+ practice ( hymn-s++4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,roman ,rite1 l>gely b>r5 ( hymns1 0 at ! same p]iod1 9 contact ) ! influ5ce ( ,b5$ict9e prec$5t 9 hymn s++ :i* 9 ! end prevail$4 ,! ,lat9 poetry associat$ ) ! ,c>ol+ian era has be5 edit$ & publi%$ 9 a monum5tal =m "u ! title ,poetae ,lat9i ,aevi ,c>ol9i4#i ,! collection1 produc$ 9 ! _s ( a classical revival by a circle ( c\rt poets1 includes secul> z well z religi\s v]se4 ,c>ol+ian culture n only 9 ! specific field ( lit]ature b 9 ! broad] s5se af=d$ a m$ium = ! spread ( ,celtic1 ,byzant9e & ,g]manic g5ius4 ,! ,celtic portion ( ! poetry 9 ! e>ly mona/ic cycles has already be5 describ$ 9 connection ) ! ,old ,hymnal4 ,prior to ! eigh? c5tury1 a transf] ( ,celtic s*ol>%ip to ! cont95t began to take place4 ,! mission>ies1 ,columbanus1 ,gall1 ,foilan1 ,disibod & o!rs1 came fir/1 dur+ ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies4 ,refugees1 flee+ be=e ! ,norse invasions ( ! late eigh? & n9? c5turies1 foll[$4 ,w&]]s & pilgrims cross$ ! ,*annel1 among !m p]egr9i :o left _! homel& to live 9 new c\ntries z a means ( spiritual satisfaction & rew>d4 ,s*ol>s came also :o hop$ = a m sympa!tic reception = _! tea*+s among ! cont95tals4#aj ,on ! :ole1 ,celtic immigrants f\nd a welcome4 ,*>lemagne himself favor$ !m4#aa ,celtic tea*]s 7 pr(ici5t 9 or?ography1 gramm>1 ,greek1 scriptural & liturgical subjects & ! arts4#ab ,!y br\ght ) !m manuscripts1 ! influ5ce ( :i* 0 felt1 n only 9 _! subject matt] b 9 musical notation & *>act]i/ic scripts4#ac ,! ,bangor ,antiphon>y1 ! hymns ( :i* h already be5 consid]$1 came to ! cont95t at ?is "t4 ,among ! fam\s tea*]s ( music 0 ,m>cellus#ad :o1 at ,/4 ,gall1 in/ruct$ ,notk]1 ,tutilo1 ,waltram & ,h>tmann1 a frat]nity devot$ to f9] ecclesia/ical music & hymnody4 ,! role ( ,byzant9e influ5ce _c be ignor$ 9 any acc\nt ( ! cultural & hi/orical backgr\nd ( n9? c5tury lit]ature4 ,"o %\ld recall t ! ,c>ol+ian p]iod 0 an era ( g5]al ,european int]c\rse :i* c\ld n fail to h an effect ^u society4 ,! =eign relations ( ! ,franki% ,empire necessitat$ mu* travel+1 visit+ & correspond5ce4 ,w>like z well z peaceful movem5t1 comm]cial or cultural1 increas$ ! int]*ange ( ideas4 ,!re 0 an ov]lapp+ ( b\nd>y l9es1 too1 :i* amalgat$ populations4 ,! infiltration ( ,byzant9e influ5ce might be conceiv$ z a by-product ( ,european int]c\rse4 ,ins(> z hymnology is conc]n$1 musical contacts betwe5 ! ,byzant9e & ,franki% realms 7 frequ5t4 ,z e>ly z ,pipp9's reign1 ,byzant9e musicians appe>$ at ! ,franki% c\rt ) a gift ( an organ f ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9us ,copronymus4#ae ,_m refugee monks :o fl$ to ! we/ dur+ ! iconocla/ic controv]sy rema9$ !re ev5 aft] its close 9 #ghg1 enjoy+ mona/ic hospitality & imp]ial favor4 ,*>lemagne p]mitt$ !m to use ! ,greek language 9 wor%ip & 0 s mu* impress$ by ! music employ$ 9 *ant+ ! psalms t he caus$ x to be adopt$ = ! ,lat9 v]sion also4#af ,! p>am\nt influ5ce ( ,byzant9e music ^u liturgical practice 9 ! we/ w be consid]$ m fully 9 connection ) ! sequ5ce4 ,v]ifiable traces ( ,byzant9e influ5ce _h already appe>$ ) ! activities ( ,gregory ! ,great & are entirely compreh5sible1 s f> z he is conc]n$1 9 view ( 8 resid5ce at ,con/ant9ople1 #egi-ehe1 z papal envoy ( ,pelagius ,,ii4#ag ,! importation ( litanies into ! we/ illu/rates ?is type ( influ5ce4 ,:5 ,*>lemagne receiv$ ! ,sacram5t>y f ,pope ,hadrian ,i1 x 0 labell$ 8,gregorian40 ,b 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! lives ( ,gregory & ,*>lemagne1 popes ( ea/]n orig91 rul+ at ! end ( ! sev5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? c5tury 7 responsible = we/]n practice4#ah ,! influ5ce ( ! ,ea/]n ^u ! ,we/]n ,*ur* seems to h be5 cumulative1 ) ,*>lemagne 9 8 day act+ z ! ag5t = its diffusion ?r\gh\t ! ,franki% ,*ur*4 ,9 matt]s conc]n+ ! *ur* & its wor%ip ! ,greeks 7 an acquisition n only z musicians b z s*ol>s & z exp]ts 9 ! f9e arts4 ,_! s*ol>%ip 0 9 dem& 9 ,new ,te/am5t /udies4 ,illu/rations ( ,greek & ( ori5tal inspiration 9 g5]al are num]\s 9 ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 sculpture1 ivories1 "w 9 preci\s metals & ! decoration ( manuscripts4#ai ,p]haps x 0 a natural desire to emulate ! spl5dor & ornam5t ( ea/]n rites :i* l$ ,*>lemagne to favor ,greek elem5ts 9 we/]n obs]vance at ! exp5se ( ! ,gallican4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ,gallic1 ,celtic1 ,italian1 ,byzant9e & ori5tal influ5ces m+l$ 9 ,c>ol+ian culture1 ! pres5ce ( native g5ius is /rongly felt4 ,*>lemagne has be5 criticiz$ = 8 devotion to classical r ?an ,g]manic culture4 ,sacr$ poetry z produc$ 9 ! ,c>ol+ian lit]>y circles1 0 writt5 9 ,lat9 & clo!d 9 classical g>b4 ,x c\ld h>dly h be5 o!rwise s9ce ,lat9 0 dem&$ by ! ,*ur* & ! v]nacul> languages ( we/]n ,europe 7 !n 9 _! e>ly infancy4 ,b 9 spite ( ! /udi$ artificiality ( ?is v]se1 a note is sometimes he>d 9 h>mony ) ! poetry ( lat] c5turies :i* emanates f ,g]manic s\rces4 ,su* 9 brief is ! backgr\nd ( t revival ( hymnody :i* appe>s 9 ! ,c>ol+ian p]iod4 ,x rema9s to trace1 9 detail1 ! evolution ( ! mona/ic hymnal kn[n z ! ,lat] or ,n9? ,c5tury ,hymnal4 ,,ii4 ,! ,lat] ,hymnal ,! enl>gem5t & div]sification ( ! ,hymnal to :i* ,canon ,d\glas ref]r$ 9 ! words quot$ at ! close ( ,*apt] ,two1 occurr$ )9 ! g5]al hi/orical limits ( ! ,c>ol+ian era & ) ! exception ( ,spa9 & ! ,briti% ,isles1 )9 ! g5]al geographical limits ( ,c>ol+ian political influ5ce4 ,! hymn cycles ( ! p]iod1 record$ 9 manuscripts :i* reflect ! num]ical increase 9 hymns z well z _! diffusion ^u ! cont95t1 are associat$ ) religi\s c5t]s1 = example1 ,/4 ,m>tial1 ,laon1 ,d\ai1 ,moissac1 ,/4 ,g]ma9-des-,prs1 ,corbie1 ,jumiges1 ,rei*5au1 ,treves1 ,s*ftl>n ne> ,muni*1 ,murba*1 ,rhe9au1 ,/4 ,gall1 ,e9si$eln1 ,bobbio1 ,monte ,cass9o1 ,b5ev5to1 ,padua1 ,tol$o1 ,cant]bury1 ,naples & _m o!r places4 ,! nucleus ( ! ,lat] ,hymnal has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! hymn cycle f\nd p>tly 9 a hymn>ium ( ! n9? c5tury f ,/4 ,paul's 9 ,lavant?al1 ,c>9?ia1 & p>tly 9 a simil> manuscript f ,k>lsruh1 bo? manuscripts be+ associat$ ) ,rei*5au4#bj ,! basic hymns f ?is gr\p ( s\rces curr5t 9 ! ,c>ol+ian p]iod are li/$ 9 ! app5dix to ?is *apt]4 ,a complete li/ ( ! manuscript s\rces 7prior to #aajj71 includ+ ! above & o!rs1 ) an index ( ! hymns :i* !y conta91 approximately #hjj 9 numb]1 0 provid$ by ,james ,me>ns1 ! ,engli% hymnologi/1 9 8 ,e>ly ,lat9 ,hymn>ies4#ba ,s mu* = ! evid5ce z to ! actual hymns 9 use f s\rces available at ! p]iod :5 ! ,lat] ,hymnal fl\ri%$4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,lat] ,hymnal1 h[ev]1 is f> f cle>4 ,x has be5 def9$ z a collection aris+ ab\t ! sev5? c5tury :i* sup]s$$ ! ,old ,hymnal & has s9ce prevail$4#bb ,?is op9ion advanc$ by ,blume & affirm$ by ,walpole1 dep5ds ^u ! !ory t ! lat] cycle _h be5 9 use 9 ! ,briti% ,isles s9ce ! p]iod ( ,gregory ! ,great4 ,an ,anglo-,iri% cycle !re=e1 0 posit$ :i* took possession ( ! cont95t1 usurp+ ! orig9al ,b5$ict9e hymnal4 ,z e>ly z #aiaa1 ,blume's !ory 0 que/ion$ by ,wilm>t1 ! ,b5$ict9e s*ol>1 :o ass]t$ t ! e>ly cycle con/itut$ a ,gallican hymnal only1--a possibility m5tion$ above4 ,he ?\ght t ! ,lat] ,hymnal 0 a new v]sion ( ! ,b5$ict9e cycle repres5t+ a normal gr[? ?r\gh ! c5turies4 ,o!r critics ( note h adopt$ "o or ! o!r viewpo9t1 ,fr]e foll[+ t ( ,blume2 & ,raby1 t ( ,wilm>t4#bc ,a f9al solution is obvi\sly impossible = lack ( manuscript evid5ce4 ,at ! accession ( ,*>lemagne1 #gfh1 ! future ( liturgical hymnody 0 unc]ta9 z ! =ces ( ,roman usage & ,b5$ict9e practice 7 9 conflict & ! possibility ( transf]r+ ! ,b5$ict9e h]itage to ! *ur* extremely d\btful1 z ! prec$+ survey has already made cle>4 ,second>y =ces1 h[ev]1 7 at "w to a*ieve ?is v end4 ,fir/1 ! e>ly ga9s made 9 compil+ ! ,gallican ,hymnal & ext5d+ x to ! secul> cl]gy 7 nev] entirely lo/4 ,a prec$5t _h be5 set4 ,second1 ! ,b5$ict9e cycle 0 enjo9$ :]ev] ! ,rule 0 effective & its use 0 fur!r /imulat$ by royal capitul>ies ^u ! subject ( music & s++4 ,?ird1 ! e/abli%m5t ( mona/ic c5t]s ( music 9 ! lead+ ,b5$ict9e abbeys 0 productive ( lit]>y z well z musical ef=t1 atte/$ by ! v manuscripts ( hymn collections ga!r$ !re4 ,! manuscripts ( ,/4 ,gall1 = example1 cov] e dep>tm5t ( contempor>y m$ieval hymnology4 ,*>lemagne 0 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ,/4 ,gall b 0 also conc]n$ ) ! mona/ic c5t]s at ,ma9z1 ,fulda1 ,treves1 ,cologne1 ,bamb]g1 ,h]sfeld1 ,lors*1 ,wrzburg & ,rei*5au4#bd ,he f\nd$ ,neu/adt & end[$ twelve mona/]ies 9 ,g]many4 ,mean:ile mission>y zeal _h guid$ ,b5$ict9e pione]s beyond ! old b\nd>ies1 & ,bav>ia & ,frisia _h already be5 op5$ to missions & incid5tally to ! full r\nd ( ,b5$ict9e activities4 ,l\is ! ,pi\s 0 active 9 mona/ic re=m ?r\gh 8 association ) ,b5$ict ( ,aniane2 he 0 a special patron ( ,/4 ,gall & he /imulat$ ! ef=ts ( lead]s f ,corbie to f\nd ,new ,corbie4 ,*>les ! ,bald 0 a b5efactor ( ,m>*i5nes1 ,compigne1 ,prum & ,/4 ,d5is4#be ,prior to ?is p]iod1 ! num]\s & influ5tial f\ndations e/abli%$ on ! cont95t by ,iri% monks _h adopt$ ! ,b5$ict9e ,rule1 swell+ ! total numb] ( c5t]s devot$ to religi\s & educational activities4 ,! num]ical increase 9 ! ,b5$ict9e abbeys (f]s 9 itself presumptive evid5ce ( a great] use ( hymns4 ,:at is kn[n ( ! mona/ic c5t]s & _! /ore ( hymn>ies (f]s direct pro(4 ,a clos] bond betwe5 ! ,ord] & ! cultural activities ( ! age is f\nd 9 ! great p]sonalities drawn f ,b5$ict9e ranks to s]ve ! imp]ial designs4 ,( p>ticul> int]e/ "h are ! /atem5ts reg>d+ hymns & hymn s++ :i* appe> 9 contempor>y writ+s4 ,alcu9 0 *iefly int]e/$ 9 ! ,roman liturgy z su* b he wrote ,de psalmorum usu1 ,(ficia p] f]ias & ! ,epi/olae1 ! la/ ( :i* %[s a special int]e/ 9 music4 ,rabanus ,maurus te/ifies to ! g5]al use ( hymns by secul> z well z regul> cl]gy4 ,amal>ius ( ,metz m5tions ! use ( hymns outside ! mona/]ies4 ,walafrid ,/rabo traces ! use ( hymns f ! "t ( ,ambrose & repeats ! ,canon ( ,tol$o recomm5d+ hymns4 ,he says t *ur*es :i* d n use hymns are exceptional4#bf ,! te/imony is scatt]$ b x po9ts to ! adoption ( ! hymnal by ! secul> cl]gy4 ,x %\ld also be recall$ t ! ,ambrosian tradition ( musical indep5d5ce 0 con/antly ma9ta9$ at ,milan4 ,z ! ,lat9 language became m & m an exclusive cl]ical possession1 ! old safegu>ds provid$ by mona/ic walls 7 no long] necess>y4 ,! :ole body ( cl]gy :e!r regul> or secul> became ! cu/odians ( ! hymn>ies us$ 9 mona/ic & diocesan c5t]s ( music & s*ol>%ip4#bg ,! ,*ri/ian laity ( ,europe at ?is p]iod may h be5 l>gely ignorant ( _! hymnic h]itage because ! ,c>ol+ian ext5sion ( hymn writ+ & hymn s++ occurr$ )9 cl]ical ranks4 ,!re 0 at ?is "t scant indication ( ! future c\rse ( ,lat9 hymnology :i* w\ld ultimately re/ore to ! layman 8 orig9al possession h&$ d[n f ! ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! poetical writ+s ( ! era includ$ a sub/antial body ( religi\s v]se f :i* hymns are attribut$ to ! foll[+ au?ors3 ,paulus ,diaconus1 #a2 ,paul9us ( ,aquileia1 #g2 ,alcu91 #c2 ,!odulphus1 #a2 ,rabanus ,maurus1 #b2 ,walafrid ,/rabo1 #e2 ,florus ( ,lyons1 #b2 ,w&elb]t ( ,prum1 #a2 ,paulus ,alb>us ( ,cordova1 #a2 ,cyprian & ,samson1 #b2 ,s$ulius ,scottus1 #b2 ,milo1 #b2 ,ratbod1 #b2 ,hucbald1 #a2 ,h>tmann1 #d2 ,ratp]t1 #d2 ,eug5ius ,vulg>ius1 #a2 ^! ) #gc ( d\btful au?or%ip make a total contribution ( #aad hymns4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,viii4 ,ut queant laxis reson>e fibris1 8,9 fl[+ measures wor?ily to s+10 ,paulus ,diaconus47 ,ambrosian met]s are set aside 9 favor ( ! classical met]s ( ! ,greeks1 ! ,sapphic & elegiac met]s prov+ to be ! mo/ popul> !reaft]4 ,to :at ext5t ?is influ5ce is actually obs]vable 9 hymn cycles may be det]m9$ by a comp>ison ( ! li/ ( ,c>ol+ian hymns ) ! li/s ( hymns provid$ by ,blume1 ,julian or ,me>ns4 ,batiffol select$ ?irte5 z f\nd 9 lat] brevi>y li/s#bh b ! actual direct contribution is mu* l>g] if o!r ?an brevi>y hymns are admitt$4 ,moreov]1 ! lit]>y & liturgical /udies ( ! "t broad5$ ! orig9al ,b5$ict9e concept t ! hymns ( ! mona/ic cycle %\ld be ,ambrosian 9 /yle4 ,! hymns ( ,s$ulius & p>ticul>ly ( ,prud5tius & ,=tunatus 7 recogniz$1 introduc$ or freely adapt$ to ecclesia/ical usage4 ,! direct influ5ce ( ,celtic culture ^u ! new hymn cycles mu/ be associat$ ) ! introduction ( biblical & liturgical works conta9+ hymns into ,franki% t]ritory4 ,lat]1 hymns 7 writt5 by ,celtic s*ol>s1 = in/ance1 ,samson1 ,s$ulius ,scottus 7enum]at$ above7 & possibly o!rs :o are anonym\s4 ,blume's !ory ( ! ,anglo-,iri% hymn cycle1 orig9ally sponsor$ by ,gregory ! ,great & f9ally transf]r$ to ! cont95t1 illu/rates ! mo/ decisive =m :i* ,celtic influ5ce has s f> be5 presum$ to h ex]t$4 ,! li/ ( hymns 7see ,app5dix7 be>s1 on ! contr>y1 no resemblance to ! gr\p ( contempor>y ,celtic hymns4#bi ,x seems mu* m probable t ,gregory1 ! ,b5$ict9e ,pope1 approv$ ! use 9 ,anglo-,iri% l&s1 ( ! cont95tal hymn cycle :i* ! ,ord] 0 responsible = c>ry+ nor?w>d ) x :5 x ent]$ ,brita94 ,9 any case1 ! ,b5$ict9e cycles f ! n9? c5tury onw>d are enri*$ f e aspect ( ! div]se culture ( ! age1 9 :i* ! ,celtic contribution1 bo? direct & indirect1 is important4 ,at ?is p]iod hymnology 9 ! ,greek-speak+ _w 0 at its height4 ,yet pro( is s\ght 9 va9 t ,greek hymns 7 us$ 9 ! we/1 ei!r 9 ! ,greek language or 9 translation4 ,! hymnal ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur* receiv$ f ,greek s\rces its record$ tunes1 n its words4 ,al?\gh ! e>lie/ liturgical manuscript ) musical notation dates f ! n9? c5tury1 ! ,greeks _h already giv5 _! neumes to ! we/4 ,z = ! hymn melodies :i* are cry/alliz$ 9 ^! manuscripts :5 !y d appe>1 !ories ( orig9 ab\nd4 ,a def9ite sy/em ( notation 0 9 exi/5ce f ! sev5? c5tury b hymns _h be5 sung f ! f\r? c5tury4 ,9 mod]n times ?r\gh ! consecrat$ ef=ts ( ,b5$ict9e /ud5ts ( ! *ant1 work+ *iefly at ,solesmes1 a collation ( ! exi/+ musical manuscripts produc$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 has be5 made4 ,_! object has be5 to det]m9e ! au!ntic melodies ( ! ,b5$ict9e cycle ?r\gh\t its long hi/ory4 ,today ! results ( _! s*ol>%ip are available to ! public & ! great hymns :i* !y h fo/]$ may be he>d z well z read 9 _! m$ieval =m4 ,! assimilation by ! ,franks1 ( ali5 cultures :e!r ?r\gh conque/ or peaceful int]*ange1 may h be5 to a c]ta9 ext5t inevitable & involunt>y4 ,su* ph5om5a occur 9 e p]iod ( hi/ory4 ,x is ! consci\s appropriation by ! ,c>ol+ian lead]s ( a cultural h]itage & its organization ?r\gh exi/+ in/itutions :i* reveals _! true g5ius4 ,?is same process _h tak5 place :5 ,roman g5ius secur$ & cons]v$ ! a*ievem5t ( ! ,greeks4 ,9 ! field ( religi\s culture ) :i* ?is volume is conc]n$1 an unbrok5 cont9uity _h be5 ma9ta9$ f ! days ( ! primitive *ur*4 ,ev5 9 ! m9or category ( ,*ri/ian hymnology1 ! hymnal z su*1 creat$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 0 to fl\ri% all ! way into our own times & might h done s )\t any special int]v5tion4 ,hi/orically speak+1 9 ! n9? c5tury & "u ,franki% auspices1 a trans=mation took place :i* mu/ be attribut$ to ! consci\s ef=t ( ,franki% *ur*m5 :o1 receiv+ ! old hymnology1 re/or$ x to =mal wor%ip ) a mu* l>g] cont5t & a greatly div]sifi$ =m4 ,h]e9 lies ! fundam5tal contribution ( ,g]manic g5ius to ! ,lat] ,hymnal4 ,individual hymn writ]s ( ! ,c>ol+ian age h be5 nam$ above z f> z !y are kn[n1 ( :om ,!odulphus ( ,orleans1 ,rabanus ,maurus & ,walafrid ,/rabo are p]haps ! mo/ notable4 ,a ,go? by race1 a ,spani>d by bir?1 ,!odulphus1 7c4 #gfj-;c4 #hba71 belong$ to t population dwell+ nor? & s\? ( ! ,pyr5ees :i* ! ,franks _h amalgamat$ into _! k+dom4 ,he 0 le>n$ 9 all ! wisdom ( t age & a man ( action 9 a s5se und]/&able 9 any age4 ,bi%op ( ,orleans1 c\rti]1 (fic] 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ,*>lemagne1 he s]v$ ! *ur* & ! /ate ) equal di/9ction4 ,!odulphus z a poet ( sacr$ v]se is be/ kn[n = 8 ,palm ,sunday processional hymn1 ,gloria1 laus et honor tibi sit1 8,all glory1 laud & honor10#cj :i* he wrote dur+ ! p]iod ( 8 fall f royal favor "u ,l\is ! ,pi\s4 ,?is beautiful processional hymn1 a triumph ( ,c>ol+ian v]se1 inve/$ ) all ! attraction ( leg5d & religi\s pageantry1 has be5 a favorite 9 e p]iod ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory4 ,!odulphus 0 n a memb] ( ! regul> cl]gy & he did n1 z f> z we "k1 write hymns = ! mona/ic cycle4 ,he repres5ts ! contempor>y tr5d :i* br\ght ! hymn into new areas ( wor%ip 9 ! (fices & c]emonies ( ! ca!dral4 ,rabanus ,maurus1 7#ghj-hef71 ( ,g]manic orig91 0 prim>ily a !ologian4 ,8 boyhood /udies 7 complet$ at ,fulda4 ,z a "y man he became a pupil ( ,alcu9 at ,t\rs4 ,9 8 maturity he return$ to ,fulda rea*+ ! climax ( 8 c>e] z ,abbot ( ,fulda & lat]1 z ,ar*bi%op ( ,ma9z4 ,z a writ]1 ,rabanus und]took to h& on1 ?r\gh exc]pts1 ! k ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,he wrote comm5t>ies on ! ,bible1 discuss$ ecclesia/ical organization & discipl9e1 !ology1 liturgy & wor%ip & ! lib]al arts4 ,he made translations into ,g]man ) ! collaboration ( ,walafrid & a ,lat9-,g]man gloss>y = ! ,scriptures4 ,9 connection ) wor%ip he became int]e/$ 9 ! ,lat9 hymns :i* 7 rapidly spread+ ?r\gh ! we/4 ,he discuss$ ! ,psalms z hymns & !n ! hymns ( ,hil>y & ,ambrose1 say+ ( ! ,ambrosian hymns1 h[ widespread _h become _! pre/ige 9 8 day4 ,we "k f o!r evid5ce t he 0 acqua9t$ also ) ! hymns ( ,s$ulius1 ,columba & ,b$e4 ,x seems almo/ c]ta9 t he practic$ ! art ( poetry al?\gh we are re/rict$ to a v small remnant ( v]se conc$$ to be 84 ,! poems include a numb] ( hymns = ! fe/ivals ( ! seasons & ( ! sa9ts1 illu/rat+ ! vogue = ! classic 9 metrical =ms4 ,l ,!odulphus1 he wrote = processional c]emonies4 ,! ,p5teco/al hymn1 ,v5i1 creator spiritus1 has be5 p]si/5tly associat$ ) ! "n ( ,rabanus b )\t adequate pro(4 ,x is a la/+ hymn ( ! n9? c5tury4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,ix4 ,v5i1 creator spiritus1 8,creator-,_s1 all-,div9e407 ,walafrid ,/rabo1 7#hji-;c4 #hdi71 0 l ,rabanus ( ,g]manic orig9 & l him a memb] ( ! regul> cl]gy4 ,at ,rei*5au he receiv$ 8 e>ly education & at ,fulda 8 !ological tra9+ "u ,rabanus4 ,walafrid 0 drawn into ! c\rtly circle ( ,l\is ! ,pi\s ^: son ,*>les he tutor$ & ^: wife ,judi? became 8 lit]>y patron4 ,8 life 0 "o ( s*ol>%ip1 prosp]ity & cont5tm5t almo/ to ! end ( 8 c>e]4 ,l\is _h appo9t$ him ,abbot ( ,rei*5au1 a place de> to him f boyhood4 ,f ^! happy surr\nd+s & f 8 g>d5 :i* he immortaliz$ 9 c>eful & lov+ description1 he 0 ou/$ dur+ ! civil conflict foll[+ ! dea? ( ! emp]or4 ,at ! end he 0 re/or$ to ,rei*5au & !re he di$4 ,8 hymns l ^? ( ,!odulphus & ,rabanus1 al?\gh few 9 numb]1 7 writt5 9 ! _s ( ! classical revival4 ,"s 7 int5d$ = fe/ivals & o!rs :i* w be describ$ 9 connection ) processional hymnody1 7 writt5 to honor royal patrons4 ,9 review+ ! basic hymns ( ! ,lat] ,hymnal 7see ,app5dix71 "o f9ds only two ( ,moz>abic orig9 :]eas n9e 7 duplicat$ 9 ! ,old ,hymnal 9 ,spa9 & ,gaul4 ,! new cycles 9 areas "u ,franki% influ5ce appe> to div]ge f ! ,moz>abic z !y become m div]sifi$4 ,at ! same "t1 ,moz>abic s\rces reveal a p>allel evolution ( ! hymnal 9 ! ,ib]ian p59sula4 ,! exi/+ manuscripts 7 collat$ & edit$ 9 #ahig by ,blume 9 volume tw5ty-sev5 ( ! ,analecta ,hymnica "u ! title ,hymnodia ,gotica1 compris+ #cab hymns ( :i* #baj 7 id5tifi$ by him z ,moz>abic 9 orig94 ,! hymns ( ,spa91 fir/ assembl$ "u ! auspices ( ,go?ic *ur*m5 z rec\nt$ 9 ,*apt] ,two1 cont9u$ to increase ) ! enc\ragem5t & p>ticipation ( ,moz>abic liturgi/s1 s*ol>s & prelates4 ,! g5]ation t support$ ,isidore ( ,seville 0 succe$$ two hundr$ ye>s lat] by ! gr\p associat$ ) ,eulogius1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cordova 7d4 #hei71 :o fo/]$ ! old traditions "u ,moslem control4#ca ,9 spite ( a rul+ p[] ali5 9 e aspect ( culture1 ,*ri/ian hymnology held its own4 ,aft] ! ,moori% invasions1 x is e/imat$ t betwe5 ?irty & =ty hymns 7 writt51 sev]al ( :i* conta9 ref]5ces to ! yoke ( ! oppressor & petitions = its removal4#cb ,:5 ! movem5t t[>d ! expulsion ( ! ,moors _h be5 successfully initiat$ & ! ,roman ,rite introduc$ 7#ajhi7 ! ,moz>abic hymnals 7 comp>able to ! f9e/ ( ! cont95tal cycles4 ,9 c]ta9 in/ances ! contacts betwe5 ,spa9 & ,gaul 7 close & direct ev5 "u ! rule ( ! ,moslems4 ,!odulphus ( ,orleans comb9$ ! ,go?ic & ,c>ol+ian tr5ds4 ,alcu9 0 indebt$ to ,moz>abic s\rces 9 8 re=m ( ! ,franki% rites4#cc ,hymns ( ,moz>abic orig9 appe>$ 9 o!r p>ts ( we/]n ,europe & vice v]sa4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,x4 ,deus imm5sa tr9itas1 8,o glori\s imm5sity407 ,! possible influ5ce ( ,arabian music & poetry ^u ! ,*ri/ian hymn has be5 a tempt+ idea & "o mo/ elusive ( pursuit4 ,/udies ( m$ieval ,spani% music & musical in/rum5ts h fail$ to demon/rate t ! ecclesia/ical *ant 9 ,spa9 0 !reby affect$4 ,su* novelties z x may h possess$ h be5 trac$ to influ5ces simil> to ^? :i* _h long be=e affect$ ! ,ambrosian *ant & be5 transmitt$ to ! we/4 ,z = ! t5tative assumption t ,arabian lyric poetry influ5c$ contempor>y hymn writ]s 9 ,spa91 ! evid5ce n>r[s to ! mono-rhyme or repeat$ end-rhyme common to ,arabian poetry & to sev]al ,moz>abic hymns4#cd ,! :ole subject ( ! ,arabian impact1 highly controv]sial z x is1 appe>s to be conc]n$ ) influ5ces1 :i* :5 scrut9iz$1 are obs]v$ to spr+ f cultures prior bo? to ,*ri/ianity & to ,islam4 ,! ,moz>abic ,hymnal 9 its fully develop$ v]sion possess$ an unusually l>ge numb] ( hymns honor+ local sa9ts4 ,?is feature mu/ be ref]r$ to ! hi/ory ( ! ,roman p]secution 9 ! ,ib]ian p59sula :]e ! complete de/ruction ( ! ,*ur* 0 int5d$ & m>tyrdom 0 ! rule4 ,aga9 ! ,hymnal is unique 9 its hymns = public occasions ei!r ( m\rn+ & int]cession 9 "t ( w>1 pe/il5ce1 dr\ght & flood or ( joy1 9 fe/ivals ( ! consecration ( bi%ops1 ! coronation ( k+s & ?anksgiv+ = full h>ve/s4 ,,iii4 ,*>act]i/ics ,= ! mo/ "p ! hymn writ]s ( ! lat] hymn cycles are anonym\s1 l _! pr$ecessors 9 ?is field4 ,anonymity is !n ! fir/ *>act]i/ic to be not$ conc]n+ ! hymnal 9 ?is p]iod1 :i* makes x necess>y to survey ! :ole z an objective a*ievem5t ( ! age1 n ( a few individuals4 ,next to ! anonymity ( its au?or%ip1 possibly ! mo/ conspicu\s feature ( ! new hymnal is ! enl>gem5t ( ea* ( its g5]al divisions1 ! ,common & ! ,prop] ( ! ,season & ! ,common & ! ,prop] ( ,sa9ts4 ,! old hymn cycle1 x w be recall$1 compris$ ?irty-f\r hymns z li/$ by ,blume4 ,! lat] cycle 9 its nucleus numb]s ?irty-sev5 hymns ( :i* sev5 are repeat$ f ! old cycle4 ,9 t5 repres5tative t5? c5tury hymnals1 ! hymns numb] f ab\t fifty to ab\t "o hundr$1 _m ( !m common to sev]al li/s4#ce ,n only is ! total numb] ( hymns increas$ b fe/ival hymns are multipli$1 ! ecclesia/ical ye> z x 0 lat] kn[n be+ fully e/abli%$ 9 hymnology4 ,adv5t1 ,nativity1 ,epiphany1 ,l5t1 ! ,passion1 ,ea/]1 ,asc5sion1 ,p5teco/ & ,tr9ity h _! own gr\ps ( hymns4 ,! v>i\s fea/s ( ! ,virg9 & t ( ,all ,sa9ts are honor$4 ,among ! ,apo/les1 ,/s4 ,pet]1 ,john & ,&rew are prais$2 ( o!r biblical sa9ts1 ,/s4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,/eph51 ,paul2 ( ! angels1 ,/4 ,mi*ael2 ( m>tyrs1 ! ,innoc5ts & ,/4 ,laur5ce2 ( local sa9ts1 ,/s4 ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs1 ,gall1 ,g]manus1 ,m>tial1 & a numb] ( o!rs4 ,s /&s ! record ( manuscripts ( ! t5? c5tury :5 hymnal ga9s _h be5 consolidat$4 ,! process w5t /eadily onw>d z ,lat9 hymns = ! (fices cont9u$ to be writt5 to ! end ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,a few h be5 add$ s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury b1 ) c]ta9 exceptions1 ! great body ( (fice hymns ( ! m$ieval *ur* 0 p]man5tly e/abli%$ by #aajj1 ! date :i* ,me>ns select$ z a b\nd>y l9e4 ,! same s\rces enri*$ ! pres5t-day ,roman brevi>y :i* by a p>adox ( hi/ory1 has pres]v$ to mod]n times ! repres5tative hymns to :i* ! ,roman liturgy ( t e>ly p]iod 0 s inhospitable4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 9 ! int]val betwe5 & includ+ ! f\r? & ! elev5? c5turies1 ! ,lat9 hymn1 consid]$ 9 its lit]>y implications & 9 its liturgical usage1 0 f\nd$ = ! ages4 ,atta*+ to ! ^w hymn its /ricte/ s5se & n>r[e/ function1 t ( ! (fice hymn1 ! /ud5t p]ceives ! great significance ( ?is dep>tm5t ( m$ieval hymnology z comp>$ ) ! sequ5ce1 processional & extra-liturgical hymns ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x becomes m evid5t t "h is ! core & he>t ( ,lat9 hymnody4 ,! ,*ur* c\ld & did 9 ! ev5t1 disp5se ) mu* ( its m$ieval collection1 b nev] ) ! hymnal4 ,"h 0 pres]v$ ! e?ics ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 ! intimacy ( ! scriptural n>rative1 ! pres5tm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian fea/s & ! praise ( ,god & ( 8 sa9ts4 ,app5dix ,lat] ,hymnal 7,see ,anal4 ,hymn41 #ea1 ,introduction p4 xx-xxi7 ,ad p>vas horas ,iam lucis orto sid]e ,nunc sancte nobis spiritus ,rector pot5s v]ax ,deus ,r]um ,deus t5ax vigor ,ad vesp]as ,lucis creator optime ,imm5se caeli conditor ,telluris +5s conditor ,caeli ,deus sanctissime ,magnae ,deus pot5tiae ,plasmator hom9is ,deus ,deus creator omnium 7,9 ,old ,hymnal7 ,o lux beata tr9itas 7,moz>abic7 ,ad nocturnas horas ,primo di]um omnium ,somno refectis artubus ,consors pat]ni lum9is ,r]um creator optime ,nox atra r]um contegit ,tu tr9itatis unitas ,summae ,deus clem5tiae ,ad matut9as laudes ,aet]ne r]um conditor 7,9 ,old ,hymnal7 ,spl5dor pat]nae gloriae 7,9 ,old ,hymnal7 ,ales diei nuntius ,nox et t5ebrae et nubila ,lux ecce surgit aurea ,aet]na caeli gloria ,aurora iam sp>git polum ,ad completorium ,*ri/e qui lux es et dies 7,9 ,old ,hymnal2 ,moz>abic7 ,te lucis ante t]m9um ,proprii de tempore ,ad c5am agni providi 7,9 ,old ,hymnal7 ,aurora lucis rutilat 7,9 ,old ,hymnal7 ,de communi sanctorum ,m>tyr ,dei qui unicum ,rex gloriose m>tyrum ,aet]na ,*ri/i mun]a 7,9 ,old ,hymnal7 ,sanctorum m]itis inclita gaudia ,virg9is proles opifexque ,iesu corona virg9um ,summe confessor sac] ,,*apt] ,,f\r ,! ,n9? ,c5tury ,revival3 ,sequ5ces ,i4 ,orig9 ,! problem pres5t$ by ! orig9 ( ! sequ5ce is p]haps ! mo/ difficult ( all ^? connect$ ) ! evolution ( m$ieval hymnology4 ,s f> ! available in=mation on ! subject has nev] be5 br\ght toge!r 9 "o place4 ,to d s is a baffl+ task :i* has by no means be5 complet$ "h nor is t :i* foll[s ei!r exhau/ive or conclusive4 ,x is m]ely an attempt to trace ! orig9 & e>ly developm5t z f> z ! evid5ce at h& makes x possible1 at ! same "t ref]r+ ! read] to ^? s*ol>s :o h inve/igat$ special topics 9 detail4 ,! alleluia ( ! mass is ! />t+-po9t ( ! sequ5ce4 ,inh]it$ f ! synagogue & incorporat$ 9 ! ,byzant9e rite1 x 0 nev]!less br\ght indep5d5tly to ,rome4 ,! ext5sion ( ! f9al a con/itut$ a musical phrase1 call$ a iubilus or iubilatio4 ,?is elaborat$ alleluia ) iubilus is ,gregorian4#a ,x became necess>y = ! sake ( brea?+1 to divide ! ext5d$ iubilus into musical phrases1 ea* a sequ5tia & ! :ole sequ5tiae4 ,"s iubili h[ev]1 rema9$ s+le :ile o!rs 7 sung by two *oirs ) a repetition ( phrases4 ,! next /ep 0 ! composition ( a text = "s ( ! iubili1 :i* text 0 writt5 bel[ ! musical notation4 ,f9ally a text 0 suppli$ = e su* melody1 :i* result$ 9 ! sequ5tia cum prosa4#b ,x is "o ?+ to note ! prec$+ succession ( /eps z objective ph5om5a4 ,x is q ano!r to expla9 ! orig9 ( ! idea :i* trans=m$ ! alleluia into ! l>g] iubilus4 ,?is is ! mo/ obscure po9t 9 ! musical developm5t ( ! sequ5ce1 :i*1 = lack ( manuscript evid5ce _c at pres5t be cl>ifi$4 ,at lea/ ?ree hypo!ses h be5 (f]$4 ,argu+ f ! appe>ance ( ! trope1 "s h sugge/$ t ! iubilus is a musical int]polation j z ! trope is a textual int]polation4 ,?is is q possible b p]haps too simple = an adequate solution4 ,a mu* m tempt+ hypo!sis has appeal$ to a v>iety ( s*ol>s1--t ( ! introduction ( ,greek melodies4#c ,to ^! /ud5ts x has seem$ m ?an probable t ! int]c\rse betwe5 we/]n ,europe & ! ,byzant9e realms 9 ! reign ( ,*>lemagne con/itutes a suffici5t explanation = ! appe>ance ( fre% musical !mes4 ,aga91 a possibility only has be5 sugge/$4 ,s f> manuscript evid5ce = ! ,greek melodies f :i* ! ,gregorian alleluiae & _! iubili are d]iv$1 has n appe>$4 ,blume1 ^: treatm5t ( ! subject =ms ! basis ( ?is *apt]1 n only que/ions ! hypo!sis ( ,greek melodies b he (f]s a ?ird sugge/ion & t t5tatively2 ,gregory1 he ?9ks1 %ort5$ ! alleluia br\ght ov] by ! ,greeks4 ,:51 lat]1 a t5d5cy 0 felt to elaborate ! =ms ( wor%ip1 ! long] melodies 7 once m reviv$ 9 ! sequ5ce4 ,?is v int]e/+ sugge/ion1 if "o day capable ( pro(1 w\ld h>monize ! ,byzant9e & ,gregorian influ5ces :i* produc$ ! initial ext5sion ( ! f9al a ( ! alleluia4 ,= purposes ( cle>ness a diff]5tiation %\ld be made betwe5 ! musical & poetical developm5t ( ! sequ5ce z soon z ! sequ5tia cum prosa is rea*$4 ,manife/ly x is impossible to d s1 9 any complete fa%ion1 :]e words & music are s inextricably int]wov5 9 a common developm5t4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to attempt ! impossible & = ! pres5t1 to ignore ov]lapp+s4#d ,! orig9 ( ! ^w sequ5tia itself1 9 ! phrase sequ5tia cum prosa has (t5 be5 discuss$ because ( its significance 9 trac+ ! musical developm5t ( ! =ms 9 "q4 ,to "s s*ol>s sequ5tia means m]ely sequela1 i4e4 notes foll[+ ! a ( ! alleluia1 a simple & t5able !ory4 ,to ! great majority1 h[ev]1 sequ5tia is a translation ( ! ,greek ak\l\?ia4 ,9 fact x has be5 g5]ally accept$ z su*1 al?\gh sequ5tia conveys ! idea ( cont9uation 9 ! ,greek ^w r ?an its te*nical mean+ ( a cont9uation specifically ( songs1 etc4 ,if ?is is valid1 ,greek influ5ce ^u ! orig9 ( ! sequ5ce is inf]r$4#e ,ano!r =m ( ! !ory ( ,greek influ5ce is evid5t 9 ! sugge/ion t sequ5tia means hirmos1 t is1 a regul> cont9uation ( tones4 ,hirmos may ref] to poetry also4#f ,a d]ivation ( sequ5tia f ,greek t]ms1 if prov51 w\ld ( c\rse1 buttress ! !ory ( ,byzant9e influ5ce ^u ! :ole developm5t2 b ! weakness ( ! d]ivation f ak\l\?ia1 = example1 is its dep5d5ce ^u a misund]/&+ ( ! ,greek =m ( wor%ip to :i* ! ^w applies4#g ,an entirely diff]5t sugge/ion z to orig9 arises f ! =mula us$ 9 ! liturgy to ann\nce ! ,gospel1 ,sequ5tia ,sancti ,evangelii secundum etc4#h ,(t5 "s practical consid]ation1 extrane\s condition or unrelat$ incid5tal circum/ance has affect$ liturgical *ange or developm5t4 ,consequ5tly1 ev5 a slight sugge/ion l ?is provokes ?\ght4 ,:atev] may be ! correct orig9 ( ! ^w sequ5tia ! place ( orig9 ( ! sequ5ce is g5]ally conc$$ to h be5 ,france sometime 9 ! eigh? c5tury4 ,! "p play$ by o!r l&s 9 ! orig9 ( ! sequ5tia cum prosa _c be :olly det]m9$ at pres5t4 ,x mu/ suffice to /udy ! evid5ce available4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ h[ ! e>ly ,fr5* sequ5ces h a clos] tie ) ! alleluia & h[ ! ^w is sometimes reta9$ to introduce ! prosae :i* accompany ! music4 ,!re is consid]able evid5ce support+ ,fr5* priority ov] ! ,g]mans 9 ! creation ( ^! new musical =ms1 ! *ief c5t]s ( composition be+ ,/4 ,m>tial1 ,luxeuil1 ,fleury-sur-,loire1 & ,moissac1 ! out/&+ rival ( ,/4 ,m>tial4 ,an orig9 = ! sequ5ce 9 ,france is indep5d5tly probable due to ! int]e/ 9 liturgical music /imulat$ by ,*>lemagne1 :o1 z %[n 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 favor$ ,gregorian & ,byzant9e innovations at ! exp5se ( ,gallican =ms4 ,"o ( ! sugge/ions m5tion$ to acc\nt = ! orig9al l5g!n+ ( ! alleluia 9 ! iubilus is connect$ ) ! trope4 ,! ^w has long be5 def9$ z a textual int]polation4#i ,ga/\1 h[ev]1 cont5ds t x 0 orig9ally & prim>ily musical1 a vocalization 9 ! exi/+ *ant & t x 0 creat$ 9 ! music s*ool4 ,! anci5t =m ( trope is a neuma triplex add$ to ! response ,9 m$io etc4 = ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,john ! ,apo/le1 or to ,desc5dit de caelis = ,*ri/mas4 ,?is vocalism is describ$ by ,amal>ius ( ,metz & inde$ ,metz may be its place ( orig94 ,alcu9 has be5 nam$ z ! possible orig9ator1 a !ory /r5g!n$ by ! fact t ,amal>ius 0 "o ( 8 pupils4#aj ,at any rate ,amal>ius seems to h be5 ! fir/ to call ! melody foll[+ ! alleluia1 a sequ5tia1#aa f :i* x is evid5t t ! iubili mu/ h be5 reg>d$ 9 "s o!r light prior to 8 writ+4 ,! sequ5tia 9 connection ) ! alleluia may v reasonably h be5 consid]$ a trope1 s9ce vocalisms l ^! _h already appe>$ else:]e 9 rites ( wor%ip1 & sequ5ces 9 addition to ^? :i* belong to ! alleluia ( ! mass h be5 f\nd 9 antiphon>ies4 ,to repeat1 ,ga/\ describes a musical int]polation or trope orig9at+ 9 ! music s*ools ( ! ,franks & appe>+ 9 v>i\s liturgical sett+s4 ,he lik5s ! iubilus to a trope :i* ,amal>ius call$ a sequ5tia4 ,! orig9al divisions creat$ by ! musical phrases 9 ! iubilus n[ appe> 9 a s]ies1 ea* repeat$ a c]ta9 numb] ( times ) introduction & conclusion & ?us ! complet$ sequ5ce /ructure comes into be+4 ,! g]m ( its =mal con/ruction1 ,ga/\ f9ds 9 c]ta9 ,gregorian s\rces4 ,! anci5t alleluia1 ,ju/us ut palma florebit1 %[s su* *>act]i/ics & reveals ! liturgical ,lat9 orig9 ( ! sequ5ce1 its melody go+ back to ! v]sus alleluiaticus4 ,9 spite ( ! evid5ce :i* w\ld make ! sequ5ce a native musical product ( we/]n ,europe1 ! !ory ( ,greek orig9 is /ill p]si/5tly held by c]ta9 s*ol>s4 ,= t reason x mu/ be consid]$ 9 great] detail4 ,gregory's adoption ( ,greek novelties =ms ! />t+ po9t ( ?is !ory1 :ile ,*>lemagne's well-kn[n en?usiasm = ,greek innovations c>ries its propon5ts /ill fur!r4 ,! fact t ! orig9al ,greek melodies :i* are assum$ to h be5 us$ 9 ! we/1 h nev] be5 produc$ 9 evid5ce1 is n a pro( ( _! non-exi/5ce4 ,an ext5sive /udy ( c]ta9 sequ5ce melodies has be5 made 9 ord] to det]m9e :e!r !y are model$ ^u ,greek orig9als1 s9ce ! ,greek names = ^! melodies & features ( notation po9t to su* an orig94#ab ,b su* names are second>y1 ! orig9al & natural "n be+ ! fir/ phrase ( ! ,lat9 words accompany+ ! melodies & ! ,greek ^w a sugge/$ title4 ,a ,greek melody1 call$ ,organa1 = in/ance1 might be assum$ to reta9 its "n 9 ,lat94 ,! opposite is ! case = ! "n ,filia matris is orig9al & ,organa ! sugge/$ title4 ,reg>d+ ! argum5t f notation x is a matt] ( common k t ! neume is native to ,greek-speak+ l&s & may h exi/$ z e>ly z ! six? c5tury4#ac ,neumes took firm root at ,/4 ,gall1 ! great ,g]man c5t] = ! propagation ( ! sequ5ce1 s mu* s1 t !y p]si/$ until ! twelf? c5tury ev5 aft] ! inv5tion ( ! /aff & 9 ! int]val 7 spread by tea*+4 ,moreov]1 neumes 7 writt5 9 ! mann] ( ! ea/]n *ur*1 i4e4 9 a /raight l9e1 n at diff]5t levels to indicate pit*4#ad ,x is un=tunate t ! de>? ( manuscripts %[+ neumes makes a gap 9 ! evid5ce j :]e support is mo/ ne$$1 = ! e>lie/ musical manuscripts ) ?is notation date f ! n9? c5tury2#ae b ! assumption 9 favor ( ,greek orig9als is at lea/ /rong en\gh to =bid its be+ ignor$4 ,an additional circum/ance :i* supports ! !ory ( ,greek orig9 is ! fact ( musical p>allelism 9 ! /ructure ( ! sequ5ce4 ,?is is an important po9t ( contact betwe5 ! sequ5ce & ,byzant9e musical =ms1 al?\gh x has n be5 univ]sally conv9c+4 ,on ! contr>y1 "s h trac$ ?is ph5om5on ( musical p>allelism to "o ( ^? extrane\s conditions1 affect+ liturgical practice1 namely1 ! use ( antiphonal *oirs4#af ,no?+ c be m unsatisfactory to ! /ud5t :o is try+ to =ce ! sequ5ce into any p>ticul> !ory ( musical orig9 ?an ! contemplation ( :at is actually kn[n on ?is subject1 = ! "q seems de/9$ to rema9 undecid$4 ,a bett] p]spective may be rea*$ by exam9+ ! poetical developm5t ( ! sequ5ce :i* began ) ! sequ5tia cum prosa & end$ 9 a new =m ( ,lat9 hymn = :i* melodies 7 9 turn compos$4 ,! text writt5 bel[ ! alleluia melody is g5]ally accept$ z ( ,fr5* orig9 & likewise ! nam+ ( t text4 ,z ! text became important ! melody too 0 nam$ s t ! melody & text 7 diff]5tiat$ f ea* o!r1 ! latt] z a prosa4 ,x is unkn[n :e!r ! "n sequ5tia in/ead ( prosa 0 *os5 delib]ately z diff]+ f ! ,fr5* usage4 ,amal>ius 0 app>5tly ! fir/ to use ! ^w sequ5tia 9 connection ) ! music4 ,lat] ! t]m 0 de/9$ to sup]s$e ! "n prosa = ! poetical text4 ,we owe to ,notk]1 ^: "p 9 creat+ ! sequ5ce w be consid]$ 9 great] detail bel[1 an acc\nt ( 8 inv5tion ( words z an aid to memoriz+ ! elaborate melody ( ! alleluia trope4 ,:e!r ,notk] 0 ! fir/ to see ! value ( ?is device & to employ x1 is unkn[n4#ag ,z a !ory ( orig9 x has always be5 popul>1 be+ held by ,fr]e & _m o!rs4 ,= ! pres5t x may be ackn[l$g$ t x is a reasonable !ory =1 ( c\rse1 only ! *oir lead] _h a musical codex to ref] to & ! musical ability ( ! av]age monk 0 unequal to ! difficulties ( memorization by e> alone4 ,moreov]1 ?is !ory c always be accept$ ) o!rs1 al?\gh x seems inadequate by itself4 ,a second explanation ( orig9 arises f ! possibility t sequ5ce poetry orig9at$ 9 ! imitation ( ,greek hymn models4 ,! /atem5t has be5 made def9itely t sequ5ce poetry %[s ! transf]5ce ( ! ,byzant9e /ructure ( hymnody to ,lat9 *ur* poetry1 especially ,notk]'s4#ah ,) e circum/ance favor+ su* a transf] x is amaz+ t ! ,franks :o he>d s mu* ( ,greek hymns & c\ld h translat$ !m into ,lat9 & sung !m to ! same tunes1 evid5tly did no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,"s o!r explanation ( simil>ity mu/ be f\nd4 ,metrical p>allelism1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,lat9 sequ5ce & contempor>y ,greek hymns1 9 ,ga/\'s op9ion1 c be acc\nt$ = only by ref]5ce to ,hebrew poetry z ! ultimate inspiration ( liturgical poetry4#ai ,?us a ,byzant9e !ory ( orig9 breaks d[n :5 metrical s\rces are subject$ to clos] scrut9y4 ,aft] all1 ! sequ5ce is unkn[n 9 ! ,byzant9e ritual & !re=e ! ,byzant9e influ5ce c\ld nev] h be5 direct4 ,a ?ird !ory emphasizes ! metrical =m ( ! alleluia melody z ! det]m9+ factor 9 creat+ a new poetical rhy?m4#bj ,"h1 ! desire to create fitt+ expressions ( praise is n expla9$ s mu* z ! =m 9 :i* ! praises are ca/4 ,von ,w9t]feld ?\ght t rhy?mical prose 0 insep>able f ! liturgical music :i* _h already be5 compos$1 j z ! ,greek *orus & ! ,wagn]ian music drama f\nd _! complem5t 9 a dignifi$ & sonor\s prose rhy?m4#ba ,?is !ory may well be call$ ! liturgical4 ,x is mo/ significant = ! lyrical movem5t 9 g5]al s9ce a new metrical =m is creat$ diff]+ f ! ,ambrosian met] or ! reviv$ classical met]s popul> among ,c>ol+ian poets4 ,! lyric is born aga91 z ,mey] expresses x1 9 ! music ( ! *ur*4#bb ,a poem arises consi/+ ( a s]ies ( p>allel /rophes ) introduction & conclusion1 a lyric c\nt]p>t to ! musical phrases ( ! sequ5tia4 ,,ii4 ,sequ5ces ( ! ,g]man ,s*ool ,! importance play$ by ,/4 ,gall 9 ! developm5t ( ! sequ5ce has giv5 rise to ! !ory t x orig9at$ !re4 ,pres5t-day op9ion1 z indicat$ above1 conc$es t sequ5ces arose 9 ,france & t ,/4 ,gall is n a place ( orig9 b l ,/4 ,m>tial1 a prom95t c5t] = _! composition & diffusion4 ,o!r c5t]s 7 ,metz1 ,murba*1 ,fulda1 ,e*t]na*1 ,kremn/] & ,/4 ,florian4 ,rei*5au1 too1 0 important 9 music & 9 ! spread ( sequ5ce poetry4#bc ,notk] ,balbulus1 7#hdj8-iab71 0 l>gely responsible = ! enviable reputation enjoy$ by ,/4 ,gall4 ,born 9 ,switz]l&1 ,notk] _h ent]$ ! ,b5$ict9e mona/]y at ,/4 ,gall z a *ild to be educat$ & !re he cont9u$ z a memb] ( ! ,ord] until 8 dea?4 ,a pupil & lat] a tea*] ( ! music s*ool 9 ! p]iod ( ,l\is ! ,pi\s & ,l\is ! ,g]man1 he %>$ ! life ( ! ,abbey dur+ ! height ( its reputation1 :5 its doors 7 op5 to travel]s f e l& & e rank ( society4 ,notk] himself tells ( ! refugee f ! ,fr5* mona/]y ( ,jumiges :o br\ght ) him 8 fam\s ,antiphon>y4 ,tradition has x t ,notk] compos$ words to fit ! =ms ( ! alleluia-iubilus1 note = note1 already 9 use 9 8 mona/]y1 & ?us orig9at$ ! sequ5ce1 f9d+ 8 inspiration1 n 9 ! ,ambrosian hymns b 9 ! liturgy4#bd ,! ,jumiges ,antiphon>y rea*$ ,/4 ,gall ab\t #hfj1 by :i* "t prosae 7 already kn[n 9 ,france4 ,!re is evid5ce1 moreov]1 f manuscripts1 t texts exi/$ be=e ,notk]'s "t 9 ,/4 ,gall4 ,he is n _! fir/ compos] nor are ! sequ5ces emanat+ f ,/4 ,gall necess>ily all ,notk]'s "w4 8,notk]ian0 means = sequ5ces :at 8,ambrosian0 means = hymns4 ,! problem ( ! au!ntic ,notk]ian sequ5ces 0 subject$ to critical /udy & v>i\sly solv$ by ,s*ubig] 9 #aheh1 ,wilmanns 9 #ahgb1 & ,w]n] 9 #aija4 ,m rec5t /ud5ts h re-exam9$ ! evid5ce & express$ _! critical op9ions z to ,notk]'s poetical & musical pre/ige3 ,s+] 9 #aibb1 ,van ,dor5 9 #aibe & ,cl>k 9 #aibf4 ,( m ?an #ajj sequ5ces attribut$ to ,notk]1 #dg 7 judg$ to be au!ntic & edit$ 9 volume #ec ( ! ,analecta ,hymnica4 ,notk]'s ability z a musician appe>s to be a matt] ( controv]sy4 ,a new review ( ! ,notk]ian problem & its lit]ature has be5 (f]$ by ! ,swiss s*ol>1 ,wolfram von d5 ,/e951 toge!r ) an edition ( ! sequ5ces ( ! ,/4 ,gall s*ool4#be ,:at s*ol>s 9 g5]al h tak5 away f ,notk] ) "o h& !y return ) ! o!r1 = if n an orig9ator he is conc$$ to be ! lead+ ag5t 9 introduc+ ! sequ5ce into ,g]many & sett+ a /&>d = ?is type ( poetry :i* includ$ f ,notk]'s p5 a notable gr\p ( sequ5ces = ! fe/ivals ( ! :ole ye>4 ,8 sequ5ce = ,p5teco/ is repres5tative ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ! ,g]man s*ool4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,xi4 ,sancti spiritus adsit nobis gratia1 8,! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/ be pres5t ) u407 ,x is n surpris+ t s*ol>s int]e/$ 9 ! !ory ( ,greek influ5ce ^u sequ5ce poetry %\ld seek confirmation ( _! views 9 ,notk]'s "w4 ,!re is a maje/ic quality & a vigor\s res\nd+ praise 9 ^! poems :i* has be5 ?\ght a reflection ( ,byzant9e hymns4 ,ref]5ce has already be5 made to ! ,byzant9e /rophic sy/em & its probable influ5ce ^u ,notk]'s poetical te*nique4 ,:5 "o consid]s t ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,gall 0 always a port ( call = refugees & travel]s f ! ea/ & 9 ! prec$+ c5tury may h h>bor$ _m ( !m1 x is reasonable to suppose t ,notk] 0 acqua9t$ ) contempor>y ,greek hymnody4 ,:atev] may be ! explanation ( ! metrical sy/em employ$ by ,notk]1 he und\bt$ly nam$ 8 melodies 9 su* a way z to sugge/ a ,greek id5tification4#bf ,!re rema9s ano!r l9e ( rese>*1 :i* is relatively unimportant1 yet %\ld be not$ :5 ! "q ( ,greek influ5ce is rais$4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ,greek words are us$ 9 ,lat9 sequ5ces1 !reby prov+ contact ) ,greek-speak+ contempor>ies on ! "p ( _! au?ors1 or ) ,greek lit]>y s\rces4 ,:5ev] ?is te/ is appli$ to any m$ieval writ+ produc$ by *ur*m5 x %\ld n be =gott5 t ! ,vulgate 0 ! "o great cont9u\s s\rce1 inspiration & /&>d ( ! ,lat9 language z employ$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,?r\gh\t ! p]iod1 all ,lat9 hymns :i* include a n>rative elem5t or ref] 9 any o!r way to biblical /atem5ts are greatly indebt$ to ! ,vulgate4 ,a consid]able numb] ( ,greek words1 naturally1 appe> 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,apply+ ! crit]ion ( ,greek words to ,notk]'s sequ5ces1 "o rea*es no def9itive results :atev]4 ,9 ! =ty-"o sequ5ces attribut$ to ,notk] by ,wilmanns1 "s sev5 ,greek words appe> :i* are n 9 ! ,vulgate4#bg ,if ?is proves any?+ 9 ,notk]'s case1 x is significant only 9 connection ) o!r evid5ce f ,greek orig9als :i* has n be5 advanc$4 ,hav+ consid]$ ! sep>ate developm5t ( ! musical & poetical aspects ( ! sequ5ce1 z f> z !y c be sund]$1 x rema9s to view c]ta9 factors :i* may h affect$ t developm5t b h n z yet be5 /at$4 ,! hi/ory ( m$ieval music1 q ap>t f ! creation ( ! iubilus & ! sequ5tia1 %\ld n be ov]look$ by ! /ud5t :o is try+ to und]/& liturgical music 9 ?is g5]al p]iod4 ,p]haps dur+ ! eigh? & c]ta9ly f ! n9? c5tury1 polyphonic & h>monic =ms began to appe>4 ,new melodies = sequ5ces 7 9 dem& & 7 produc$1 :i* 9 turn 7 influ5c$ by popul> & secul> music1 ) an int]action ( words & music tak+ place1 sometimes ) words1 sometimes ) music lead+ ! way4#bh ,! hi/ory ( ! sequ5ce1 :5 complete1 w owe mu* to ! /udies ( m$ieval music n[ 9 progress by musicologi/s1 "s ( ^: conclusions h be5 not$ above4 ,! hi/ory ( musical in/rum5ts is relevant "h b 9 any case x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ! *ur* possess$ ! musical notation & 0 able to dom9ate ! field4 ,if ! c\rse ( secul> & ecclesia/ical music accompany+ ! sequ5ce rema9s unc]ta91 s are ! curr5ts ( m$ieval religi\s & secul> v]se 9 ,lat9 /ill un*>t$4 ,:i* is ! orig9al /ream8 ,lat9 secul> poetry exi/$ contempor>y ) ! e>ly sequ5ce1 ! secul> =m ( :i* 0 kn[n z a modus1#bi :i*1 l ! sequ5ce1 0 insep>able f its musical accompanim5t = ! m9/rel bo? sang & play$ 8 unrhym$ lay4 ,"s h tak5 ! extreme po9t ( view ( ! "p play$ by secul> influ5ce & h reg>d$ ! sequ5ce z a popul> lyric 9 wor%ip1 p]haps ev5 a ,volksli$4#cj ,b ! "q z to ! pr$om9ance ( influ5ce :e!r religi\s or secul>1 rema9s op54 ,! argum5t = influ5ce f v]nacul> v]se ^u ! sequ5ce is equally weak4 ,prior to ! n9? c5tury v]nacul> lyrics 9 ! ,g]manic tongues are s r>e z to be valueless 9 ?is discussion4 ,celtic lyrics f ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies are also r>e4 ,x is possible t !y 7 kn[n to ,celtic tea*]s on ! cont95t b too mu* %\ld n be assum$ f ?is possibility or f ! fact t ! olde/ =m ( ,celtic lyric exhibits rhy?mic p>allelism4#ca ,fr5*1 ,spani% & e>ly ,engli% v]nacul> lyrics appe> too late to be significant 9 ! problem ( orig9s4 ,9 any case1 ! "q h+es ^u metrical te*nique :i* c be adequately expla9$ )\t rec\rse to v]nacul> lyrics1 :i*1 ins(> z !y d exi/1 may be reg>d$ z !mselves imitations ( e>li] ,lat9 =ms4 ,! evid5ce (f]$ by secul> lyrics1 ,lat9 or v]nacul>1 9 ! e>ly ,middles ,ages po9ts to an out/&+ gr[? f ! sequ5ce r ?an a creative s\rce = ! sequ5ce4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! sequ5ce breaks away f ! *ur* & itself becomes secul>1 z ! hi/ory ( poetry 9 ! lat] ,middle ,ages be>s witness4 ,! above pres5tation ( :at is kn[n z to ! orig9 ( ! sequ5ce c sc>cely be satisfactory to ! sci5tific hi/orian ( m$ieval culture4 ,full ( inconv5i5t gaps & baffl+ inconsi/5cies ! evid5ce rema9s totally inadequate4 ,"o conclusion alone may be advanc$ & t t5tatively2 ! sequ5ce appe>s to h be5 creat$ :olly )9 ! liturgy ( ! mass4 ,! trop>ium or trop>y1 lat] ! gradual & missal conta9$ ! sequ5ces = ! annual fea/s j z ! hymn>ium or hymn>y1 lat] ! brevi>y _h conta9$ ! hymn cycles ( ! (fices4 ,! appe>ance ( ! sequ5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ieval hymnody 0 an episode ( ! greate/ importance n only 9 ! evolution ( ,lat9 religi\s & secul> poetry b 9 _! v]nacul> c\nt]p>ts4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! extraord9>y popul>ity & wide diffusion ( ! sequ5ce x mu/ be emphasiz$ t x is n j ano!r hymn1 b an ornam5t to ! mass1 individually creat$ = ea* & e fe/ival ) a p>ticul> !me 9 m9d4 ,! seasons ( ,adv5t1 ,nativity1 ! ,passion1 ,ea/]1 ,asc5sion1 ,p5teco/1 ,tr9ity1 ! ,virg9 fe/ivals ( ! ,nativity1 ,annunciation1 ,visitation1 ,purification & ,assumption1 ! fea/s ( ! ,apo/les & o!r biblical ,sa9ts1 ! ,m>tyrs1 ,confessors & ,virg9s =m$ a great s]ies :i* *all5g$ ! f9e/ ef=ts ( ! cl]ical poets4 ,h]e9 lies ! ess5tial int]e/ ( ?is hymnody4 ,! orig9al ,lat9 hymn 0 associat$ ) daily secul> wor%ip & !n ) ! canonical h\rs ( ! mona/]y4 ,! sequ5ce 0 associat$ ) ! celebration ( ! div9e sacrifice4 ,z a clos+ illu/ration = ?is *apt] ! ,alleluiatic sequ5ce has be5 select$4 ,bas$ ^u ! canticle1 ,b5$icite omnia op]a1 & (t5 attribut$ to ,notk]1 ?is sup]b sequ5ce rea*es a height ( expression comp>able to ! noble/ hymns ( ! n9? c5tury revival4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,xii4 ,cantemus cuncti melodum nunc ,alleluia1 8,! /ra9 upraise ( joy & praise407 ,,*apt] ,,five ,late ,middle ,ages3 ,hymns & ,sequ5ces ,beg9n+ ) ! twelf? c5tury ! l>ge numb] ( new hymns & sequ5ces produc$ po9t to a degree ( creative activity t cont9u$ ?r\gh ! ,high ,middle ,ages4 ,a rec5t hi/orian ( m$ieval lit]ature1 ,de ,ghell9ck1 sees ! religi\s poetry ( ! twelf? c5tury rivall+ ! secul>1 & po9ts out t t5 ?\s& specim5s ( e type ( religi\s v]se1 f #ajfj to #abbj1 are edit$ 9 ! ,analecta ,hymnica4#a ,maurice ,hl91 ^: attractive volume is available 9 ,engli% translation1 consid]s ! poetic product ( ! twelf? c5tury ! peak ( ,lat9 poetry & 8its mo/ orig9al contribution to ! intellectual patrimony ( ! we/40#b ,x is easi] to repeat su* a /atem5t ?an to pres5t acceptably ! relevant evid5ce 9 ! field ) :i* ?is *apt] is conc]n$4 ,"o might expect a l>g] proportion ( kn[n au?ors b anonymity rema9s ! rule4 ,! exceptions comm& recognition among ! mo/ notable writ]s ( hymns & sequ5ces 9 any p]iod ( _! production4 ,i4 ,sequ5ces ( ! ,fr5* ,s*ool ,! sequ5ce1 orig9ally a product ( ,france1 already p]fect$ z a poetical =m by ,notk] & ! ,g]man s*ool ( ecclesia/ical hymn writ]s1 atta9$ a great] influ5ce & popul>ity "u ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,9 #aacj ,adam ent]$ ! ,augu/9ian ,abbey ( ,/4 ,victor on ! outskirts ( ,p>is & !re he rema9$ until 8 dea?4 ,:e!r a native ( ,france or ,engl& is unkn[n4 ,l ,notk]1 he foll[$ 9 8 poetic !mes ! annual fe/ivals4 ,to him h be5 attribut$ m ?an #ajj sequ5ces :i* appe> 9 ! manuscripts ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,!y 7 publi%$ fir/ by ,leon ,gauti] 9 #aheh & 9 ! lat] n9ete5? c5tury 7 subject$ to critical analysis by ,misset :o reg>d$ #de sequ5ces z au!ntic4#c ,blume1 :o edit$ ! ,victor9e sequ5ces 9 volumes #ed & #ee ( ! ,analecta ,hymnica1 attribut$ #dh to ,adam's au?or%ip4 ,adam's poetical concepts are c5t]$ 9 ! my/ical int]pretation ( biblical n>ratives & ( ,*ri/ian !ology z x 0 taught 9 ! s*ools ( ,p>is4 ,hugh & ,ri*>d ( ,/4 ,victor 7 8 contempor>ies b ,adam 0 poet z well z !ologian4 ,praise 0 to him an ess5tial h>mony ( voice & life4 ,8 v]se dep>t$ f ! e>li] prose rhy?ms ( ! ,g]man poets & 0 ca/ 9 a metrical =m already popul>iz$ 9 ! hymn4 ,a gr\p ( rhym$ tro*aic l9es ( eight syllables ) a caesura aft] ! f\r? syllable at ! end ( a ^w1 closes ) a sev5 syllable l9e4 ,?is s*eme ) its _m v>iants *>act]izes ! "w ( ,adam & 8 imitators 9 c\ntless ,lat9 & lat]1 v]nacul> lyrics4 ,adam's sequ5ce = ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,/eph5 has be5 select$ z illu/rative ( 8 f9e/ "w4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,xiii4 ,h]i mundus exultavit1 8,ye/]day ) exultation407 ,to appreciate fully ! function ( ! sequ5ce 9 wor%ip at ?is "t z well z its appeal to popul> imag9ation1 "o %\ld isolate a s+le !me = m intimate enjoym5t4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! sequ5ces writt5 = ! five fea/s ( ! ,virg9 are be/ suit$4 ,:ile manifold sa9ts 7 honor$ 9 ! hymnology ( ! day1 ! v5]ation ( ! ,virg9 rea*$ at ?is "t1 its p9nacle ( expression4 ,notk] _h provid$ sequ5ces = h] ,nativity1 ,purification & ,assumption4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor1 poet ( ! ,virg91 drew ^u all ! res\rces ( m$ieval symbolism 9 8 ,salve1 r$emptoris mat]1 8,hail1 "m ( ! ,r$eem]10 a ma/]piece ( m$ieval religi\s v]se4 ,cl]ical poets ev]y:]e met ! *all5ge ( 8 example4 ,! result 0 indicative n only ( _! devotion & _! poetic skill :i* 0 at times indiff]5t1 b ( ! actual use ( ! ,virg9 sequ5ces 9 ! num]\s fea/s :i* honor$ h] & _! famili>ity to wide congregations ( cl]gy & laity4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod great sequ5ce writ]s appe>$1 "s kn[n & di/+ui%$1 ! majority anonym\s4 ,to ! latt] gr\p belongs ! au?or ( ! ,ea/] sequ5ce1 ,victimae pas*ali laudes1 8,*ri/ians1 to ! ,pas*al ,victim10 :i* repres5ts ! transition betwe5 ! ,notk]ian & ,victor9e /yles4 ,! gr[+ relation%ip betwe5 ,lat9 hymnology & ! arts becomes obvi\s 9 ?is sequ5ce :i* 0 ( importance 9 build+ ! liturgical drama = ,ea/]4 ,! dialogue emb$d$ 9 ! poem1 8,speak1 ,m>y1 decl>+ ,:at ?\ sawe/ wayf>+80 & h] reply1 end+ 8,yea1 ,*ri/ my hope is aris53 ,to ,galilee he goes be=e y40 contribut$1 ) o!r s\rces1 to ! fully develop$ ,ea/] ,play4 ,! s-call$ ,gold5 ,sequ5ce = ,p5teco/1 ,v5i sancte spiritus1 8,come1 ?\ ,holy ,_s1 come10#d also ( undet]m9$ au?or%ip1 atta9$ p]haps ! greate/ pre/ige1 hav+ n[ be5 he>d 9 ,*ri/ian wor%ip = m ?an eight hundr$ ye>s4 ,! activities ( ! ,fr5* s*ool are l>gely responsible = ! popul>ity ( sequ5ces 9 ! twelf? c5tury & = _! multiplication 9 e "p ( we/]n ,europe4 ,o!r factors play$ a "p4 ,j z ! ,lat9 hymn c be/ be und]/ood 9 ! hi/orical sett+ ( ! late ,roman ,empire or ( ! e>ly ,g]manic k+doms1 s ! developm5t ( ! sequ5ce mu/ be int]pret$ 9 connection ) ! social & cultural environm5t ( ! age4 ,! univ]sities1 notably t ( ,p>is1 7 dom9at+ intellectual life4 ,economic opportunity (f]$ by ! revival & expansion ( craftsman%ip1 comm]ce1 urban life & geographical k resembl$ ! a*ievem5t ( ,roman days4 ,! ,european c5traliz$ /ates _h em]g$ & 7 assum+ ! national features :i* m>k !m today4 ,! mod]n languages ( ,europe 7 highly develop$ 9 _! lit]>y treasures & 9 ev]yday spee*4 ,"u re=m+ popes su* z ,innoc5t ,,iii1 ! *ur* 0 ent]+ an era ( unity & spiritual r5ewal4 ,side by side ) ! re=m$ ,b5$ict9e ,ord]1 ! ,augu/9ian canons ) _! anci5t pre/ige1 ! ,franciscan1 ,dom9ican & o!r religi\s ord]s 7 tak+ _! "p 9 ! "w = ! reg5]ation ( society & ! triumph ( ! ,fai?4 ,pilgrimages & crusades 7 9 vogue = two hundr$ ye>s f #ajie4 ,! hymnody ( ! *ur* took on new vitality 9 an era ( ,european awak5+4 ,,ii4 ,lat] ,hymns ,al?\gh ! sequ5ce _h app>5tly occupi$ ! c5t] ( att5tion1 ! writ+ ( (fice & fe/ival hymns _h nev] be5 int]rupt$ & c]ta9ly _h nev] ceas$4 ,ga!r+ up ! s\rces aft] ! p]iod ( n9? c5tury influ5ce describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,?ree1 "o pauses at ! v]se ( ,pet] ,damian1 7#ihh-ajgb71 ,c>d9al ,bi%op ( ,o/ia & ,sup]ior ( ! monks ( ! ,holy ,cross4 ,8 !me 0 ! joys ( p>adise 9 ! hymn ,ad p]5nis vitae fontem1 8,to ! f\nt ( life et]nal10 a topic ab\t :i* a di/+ui%$ hymnody 0 ultimately creat$4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,xiv4 ,ad p]5nis vitae fontem1 8,to ! f\nt ( life et]nal407 ,fulb]t1 ,bi%op ( ,*>tres 7d4 #ajbh71 is be/ kn[n = 8 ,ea/] hymn1 ,*orus novae ,i]usalem1 8,! *orus ( ! ,new ,j]usalem10#e 9 :i* ! militant ideal 9 its knightly =m f9ds expression z ! w>riors ( ! fai? acclaim ! victory ( _! royal & div9e lead]4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury1 a complete new hymn>y 9 all its p>ts 0 writt5 by ,abel>d1 7#ajgi-aadb71 = ! ,conv5t ( ! ,p>aclete ( :i* ,heloise 0 ! abbess4#f ,a collection ( #ia hymns1 x has nev] be5 highly prais$ by critics1 yet x has provid$ ! hymn1 ,o quanta qualia1 8,h[ mighty are ! ,sabba?s10 9 praise ( ! ,sabba? & ! ,good ,friday hymn1 ,solus ad victimam proc$is1 ,dom9e1 8,alone to sacrifice ,?\ goe/1 ,"l10 bo? ( :i* h f\nd a place 9 rec5t hymnals4 ,hel5 ,waddell's translations ( ! two illu/rate mod]n r5d]+s at _! be/4 ,! same c5tury saw ! a*ievem5t ( ,b]n>d ( ,cluny or ,morlaix1 7fl4 #aabb71 ^: long poem1 ,de contemptu mundi furni%$ ! selections on ! heav5ly c\ntry1 ,hora novissima1 popul>iz$ by ! translations ( ,john ,mason ,neale4 ,p]haps ! be/-kn[n ( ^!1 ,urbs ,sion aurea1 8,j]usalem ! ,gold510 9 its ,engli% r5d]+ has atta9$ a v]nacul> /atus indep5d5tly ( its ,lat9 orig9al4 ,! great anonym\s hymn1 ,jesu dulcis memoria1 8,jesu1 ! v ?\ght ( ,!e10 is also ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,its au?or%ip has be5 v>i\sly ascrib$ b nev] c]ta9ly det]m9$4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury 0 m>k$ by ! rise ( hymn writ+ 9 ! new religi\s ord]s f\nd$ by ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi & ,/4 ,dom9ic4 ,! ,franciscan ,bonav5tura 7#abba-gd71 wrote ,record>e sanctae crucis1 8,be m9dful ( ! ,holy ,cross10 on ! !me ( ! ,cross4 ,to read ?is hymn side by side ) ! ,vexilla regis prodeunt ( ,=tunatus1 is to appreh5d m fully ! increas+ subjectivity ( ! ,lat9 hymn 9 #ejj ye>s ( its hi/ory4 ,! passion ( ,*ri/ is1 moreov]1 a favorite !me & object ( devotion ( ! fri>s1 ev] pres5t to _! ?9k+4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 7#abbg-gd71 greate/ ( ! ,dom9icans1 wrote ! hymns = ! ,fea/ ( ,corpus ,*ri/i1 e/abli%$ by ,pope ,urban ,,iv 9 #abfe4 ,( ^!1 ,pange l+ua1 gloriosi corporis my/]ium1 8,s+ my tongue1 ! ,savi\r's glory10#g model$ aft] ! =m ( ! ,pange l+ua ( ,=tunatus1 is 9 its subject matt] a poetic v]sion ( ! my/ical subtleties implicit 9 ! dogma ( ! fea/4 ,john ,peckham1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 7#abdj-ib71 wrote ,ave viv5s ho/ia1 8,hail1 true ,victim10 a f9e hymn ^u ! same !me :i* sugge/s ! inspiration ( ,aqu9as4 ,,iii4 ,lat] ,sequ5ces ,f ! sequ5ces ( ! lat] ,middle ,ages only a few h ga9$ em95ce b 9 c]ta9 cases z high a place z any 9 ! :ole range ( _! composition4 ,?omas ,aqu9as %[s himself ma/] ( ! sequ5ce z well z ! hymn 9 8 ,lauda ,sion ,salvatorem1 8,praise1 ,o ,sion1 praise ?y ,savi\r10 a model ( ! ,victor9e te*nique4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,xv4 ,lauda ,sion ,salvatorem1 8,praise1 ,o ,sion1 praise ?y ,savi\r407 ,dies irae1 8,day ( wra?10 mo/ maje/ic ( all sequ5ces1 univ]sally ackn[l$g$ z ! greate/ a*ievem5t ( ,lat9 hymnology1 0 probably writt5 by ! ,franciscan ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,x 0 orig9ally us$ at ,adv5t1 lat] = ,all ,s\ls' ,day & = requiem masses4 ,! ,judgm5t !me is obvi\sly inspir$ by ! words ( ! ,prophet ,zephaniah 7#a3ae7 f :i* ! op5+ l9e ,dies irae1 dies illa is tak54 ,a special lit]ature1 toge!r ) a multitude ( translations1 has gr[n up ar\nd ?is hymn :i* des]ves consid]ation impossible "h4 ,x %\ld be read n only ) ref]5ce to its biblical s\rces b ) ! great ,judgm5t portals ( ! m$ieval ca!drals 9 m9d1 s9ce ! sculpture & lit]ature ( ! age "h f9d a meet+ place4#h ,no less significant = its int]pretation is ! preval5ce ( ! ,black ,dea? 9 ! ages :i* produc$ x4#i ,! ?\ght ( a p]iod 9 :i* pa9 & dea? 7 s tragically famili> & be=e :i* ! m$ieval man /ood helpless1 is fai?fully reflect$ 9 contempor>y hymns4 ,! lam5t 9 its poetic =m is associat$ ) ! ,m>ian hymnology ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! ,/abat mat] dolorosa1 8,by ! ,cross h] vigil keep+10#aj its f9e/ expression1 l ! ,dies irae1 ne$s little comm5t 9 ^! pages4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,xvi4 ,/abat mat] dolorosa1 8,by ! ,cross h] vigil keep+407 ,9 ?is p]iod x seems1 at lea/ to ! pres5t writ]1 t ! ,italian-born poets ( ! religi\s lyric come into _! rightful h]itage4 ,! poets ( ,engl& & ( ! ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,spani%-speak+ l&s _h at "o "t or ano!r held ! palm 9 ! field ( hymnody4 ,at ! v mom5t1 s to speak1 :5 ! g5ius ( ,dante & ,petr>* _h e/abli%$ ! fame ( ,italian lett]s1 ! ,*ri/ian hymn f\nd new spokesm5 9 a lit]>y m$ium :i* _h orig9at$ 9 ! same environm5t a ?\s& ye>s be=e4 ,:at has already be5 said ( ! multiplication ( new fea/s z ! m$ieval ages progress$1 is true 9 an ev5 great] degree 9 ! lat] c5turies4 ,! ,fea/ ( ,corpus ,*ri/i is only "o ( _m :i* m>k$ ?is p]iod ( religi\s devotion1 & incid5tally requir$ new sequ5ces4 ,if ! collection ( liturgical proses edit$ by ,daniel 9 8 ,!saurus ,hymnologicus & repr9t$ 9 volumes #ed & #ee ( ! ,analecta ,hymnica be accept$ z a guide1 ! new dem&s become cle>4 ,f ! p]iod ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor1 #agd fea/s 7 furni%$ ) sequ5ces1 _m times ov] 9 ! case ( ! m important fe/ivals4 ,! actual liturgical collections f :i* ! ,analecta ,hymnica 0 compil$ con/itute a m specific s\rce ( in=mation4 ,if ! att5tion ( ! /ud5t is fix$ ^u ! sequ5ces us$ 9 well-kn[n missals & trop>ies f ! ?irte5? c5tury & lat]1 9 ! lead+ ecclesia/ical c5t]s ( ,europe1 a weal? ( mat]ial is reveal$4 ,_m ( ^! sequ5ces 9 ! great collections are unfamili> to ! mod]n /ud5t1 "s h nev] be5 translat$ into ,engli%1 b z a :ole !y are truly repres5tative ( ?is body ( poetry 9 ! p]iod ( its greate/ int]e/4 ,a trop>y ( ,/4 ,m>tial ( ! ?irte5? c5tury conta9s an anonym\s ,ea/] sequ5ce1 ,morte ,*ri/i celebrata 7,a4 ,h4 #h4 #cc71 8,*ri/'s passion n[ is o'er10#aa :i* be>s comp>ison ) ! bett]-kn[n sequ5ces :i* h be5 nam$ above4 ,,iv4 ,liturgical ,collections ,to det]m9e ! actual usage ( ! hymn or sequ5ce r ?an its m]e exi/5ce z a specim5 ( religi\s v]se1 ! liturgical collection is indisp5sable4 ,! old hymn>ies & psalt]s & o!r books us$ 9 ! (fices 7 exam9$ by liturgi/s ( ! p]iod :o compil$ ! brevi>ies ( ! lat] ,middle ,ages4 ,work+ "u episcopal or mona/ic au?ority !y subject$ ! hymnic mat]ial at _! disposal to a selective process :i* necess>ily disc>d$ _m hymns 9 favor ( ^? r5d]$ sacr$ by _! inclusion 9 ! old cycles1 or ( hymns ( recogniz$ m]it4 ,! ,moz>abic ,brevi>y _h be5 compil$ & its hymns det]m9$ by ?is process 9 an e>li] c5tury4 ,aft] ! re-conque/ ( ! ,spani% p59sula & ! introduction ( ! ,roman ,rite 9 #ajhi1 a v]sion ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y 0 introduc$4 ,episcopal c5t]s 9 ,engl&1 su* z ,h]e=d1 ,york & prim>ily ,salisbury1 compil$ _! s]vice books & develop$ !m cont9u\sly to ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! process 0 repeat$ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/ian ,europe4 ,f ! trop>ies & local collections ( sequ5ces ! selections = ! gradual & missal 7 made1 j z ! hymns _h be5 = ! brevi>y4 ,^! liturgical s\rces (f] to ! mod]n /ud5t ! range ( m$ieval hymnody at its be/4 ,! episcopal rites are1 p]haps1 m (ficial & au?oritative 9 _! selection ( hymns & sequ5ces b ! mona/ic rites (t5 reveal ! leg5ds ( local sa9ts or ! m intimate flavor ( traditional piety4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t 9 c\ntries :]e ! ,roman ,rite prevail$ !re 0 no dep>ture f its au?ority 9 ! matt] ( hymnody4 ,at ! same "t ! greate/ latitude 0 obs]vable4 ,a f9e illu/ration is provid$ by ! books ( ! ,rite ( ,salisbury1 ,engl&1 or ! ,s>um ,rite1 :i* 7 compil$ & develop$ by great liturgi/s f ! "t ( ,bi%op ,osmund 9 ! elev5? c5tury to ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! ,s>um ,brevi>y conta9s #aai hymns1 #be ( :i* 7 writt5 aft] #aajj & ! ,missal conta9s #aja sequ5ces1 #ed ( :i* 7 writt5 ab\t #aajj4ab ,! figures are reveal+ 9 ! case ( hymns1 ( ! influ5ce ( ! old] cycles & 9 ! case ( sequ5ces1 ( ! multiplication ( fea/s 9 ! lat] c5turies ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! ,processional book z a be>] ( hymns w be treat$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,x rema9s "h1 to m5tion ! ,books ( ,h\rs or m$ieval ,prim]s :i* also conta9$ _! quota ( hymns4 ,! ,horae may be def9$ z a s]ies ( devotions1 at fir/ additional to ! ,sev5 ,h\rs ( ! daily (fice b 9 ! twelf? c5tury elaborat$ 9 a sep>ate book4 ,specifically ! additions consi/$ ( ! p5it5tial psalms1 ! ,(fice ( ! ,dead1 ! ,cursus ( ,all ,sa9ts1 t ( ! ,holy ,cross1 & t ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,ev5 be=e its sep>ation f ! ,canonical ,h\rs1 ! ,cursus ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 _h assum$ an importance :i* gave to ! new collection its *>act]i/ic title ( ,horae or ,h\rs ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ! s+le volume came to be kn[n 9 ,engl& z ,prim>ius ,lib] or ,prim>ium f :i* ! m famili> "n ,prym] or ,prim] is d]iv$4#ac ,its popul>ity may be judg$ by ! fact t #bfe pr9t$ editions 7 lat] kn[n 9 ,engl& & #aehb on ! cont95t4#ad ,hymns are int]sp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! ,horae4 ,9 ! ,york ,h\rs !re are eighte5 hymns & sequ5ces ( v>i$ p]iods ( :i* ?irte5 are c5t]$ 9 devotion to ! ,virg94#ae ,9 o!r words1 ! hymns :i* 7 *os5 = ^! books ( popul> devotion are repres5tative ( lat] m$ieval favorites 9 hymnody1 indicat+ to :at ext5t ! old] hymns 7 kn[n & lov$ & to :at ext5t lat] poems _h be5 accept$ by lay folk z well z cl]gy4 ,! ,horae are prim>ily valuable z a s\rce = ! lat] ,m>ian hymns ^u ! !mes ( ! ,joys & ( ! ,sorr[s ( ! ,virg94 ,! appe>ance ( ! belov$ ,/abat mat] dolorosa1 )\t d\bt ! f9e/ expression ( ! poetry ( sorr[1 be>s witness to ! discrim9ative process by :i* ! ,horae 7 compil$4 ,x seems rem>kable t ! liturgi/s ( ! lat] p]iod1 9 :i* ! ,lat9 hymn 0 beg9n+ to %[ signs ( det]ioration1 7 able to skirt z successfully z !y did1 ! limits ( tra%y s5tim5tality & worse poetry :i* 7 pass+ curr5t "u ! "n ( hymnody4 ,to ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! relations betwe5 lit]ature & ! f9e arts an exam9ation ( ! ,virg9 hymns1 z ( ! ,dies irae1 w yield simil> int]relations4 ,! hymns :i* 7 writt5 f ! twelf? c5tury onw>ds ^u ! ,virg9 !me may be closely correlat$ ) ! sculptur$ =ms :i* portray ! ,"m ap>t f ! ,son 9 h] ,sorr[s & m p>ticul>ly 9 h] ,joys1 lad5 ) h] di/9ctive honors & regnant z ! ,que5 ( ,heav54 ,v4 ,influ5ces affect+ ,hymnody ,once ! typical hymns & sequ5ces ( ! lat] p]iod h be5 review$1 x rema9s to trace ! influ5ces op]at+ f ! contempor>y environm5t ^u _! evolution4 ,! problem ( possible influ5ce ( an ultimately ori5tal orig9 has already aris5 9 connection ) e>li] hymns4 ,x has be5 consid]$ 9 ! relation ( ,byzant9e culture to ! orig9 ( ! sequ5ce1 & also 9 ! =m ( ,arabian influ5ce ^u ! ,moz>abic hymnody4 ,9 bo? fields ! evid5ce is t5u\s & especially 9 ! latt] :]e ! impr9t ( ,arabian cultural =ms w\ld seem to be mo/ probable4 ,9 ! c5turies :i* produc$ ! tr\bad\rs1 ! problem takes ! =m ( a possible indirect influ5ce f ,arabian orig9s ?r\gh ! ,prov5al s+]s ^u ! evolution ( ! sequ5ce4#af ,x is true t ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies boa/$ at lea/ f\r hundr$ tr\bad\rs ^: poetry is extant4 ,! names ( o!rs are kn[n b n _! poems4 ,z ! popul>ity ( _! songs is unque/ion$1 an appreciable affect ^u religi\s lyrics might be presum$4 ,grant$ t ! influ5ce ( ,arabian poetry may be demon/rat$ ^u ! metrical aspects ( tr\bad\r lyrics1 x mu/ /ill be demon/rat$ t ! impact ( ! latt] 0 felt ^u ! ,lat9 hymn4 ,future /udies may ?r[ light ^u ^! problems ( m$ieval lit]ature :]e obscurity n[ prevails4 ,metrical simil>ities und\bt$ly exi/ betwe5 ,arabian & ,lat9 v]se1 z already illu/rat$ 9 ! field ( late ,moz>abic hymns4 ,p]haps ! mo/ conv9c+ evid5ce1 aside f ^!1 is f\nd 9 processional hymns1 ! subject ( a lat] *apt]4 ,mu* m obvi\s & "o di/9ctly to be trac$ is ! all-p]vad+ influ5ce ( ! new religi\s ord]s ^u m$ieval society & culture 9 g5]al4 ,hymn writ]s belong+1 z cit$ above1 to ! ,franciscan1 ,dom9ican & o!r ord]s ( fri>s1 to say no?+ ( ! ,ci/]cians1 play$ a lead+ role among contempor>y poets2 _! names & !mes h already be5 m5tion$4 ,_m o!rs mu/ be numb]$ ) ! anonym\s majority4 ,! v5]ation ( ! ,virg9 reflect$ s fai?fully 9 contempor>y hymns may be l>gely attribut$ to _! devotion4 ,z it9]ant prea*]s1 moreov]1 ! fri>s translat$ hymns into ! v]nacul> & br\ght !m directly to _! he>]s1 ?us imp>t+ ! lessons ( fai? & morals4#ag ,x might be ass]t$1 at lea/ t5tatively1 t ! fri>s 7 responsible = "o ( ! e>lie/ attempts to bridge ! gap betwe5 ! ritual & ! popul> use ( hymns4 ,a less tangible influ5ce 0 at "w emanat+ f s*oolm54 ,?is 0 ! age ( ! univ]sities 9 :i* ?\s&s ( /ud5ts 7 pursu+ ! /udies ( !ology1 law & m$ic9e4 ,e>ly !ological discussion 9 ! s*ools ( ,p>is1 prior to ! f\nd+ ( ! univ]sities1 is implicit 9 ! sequ5ces ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,lat]1 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ,pr(essor ( ,!ology at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 creat$ a poetical c\nt]p>t 9 8 hymns1 to ! prose exposition ( dogma4 ,no "o else rea*$ 8 /ature 9 ?is p>ticul> b hundr$s ( ,european cl]ics hav+ !ological degrees or a p>tial prep>ation = !m1 7 active 9 ! *ur* & 9 secul> life4 ,x is only fair to suppose t !y mu/ be includ$ 9 ! great anonym\s gr\p :i* assi/$ 9 mak+ t unique contribution to m$ieval lit]ature :i* 0 pres]v$ 9 contempor>y liturgical collections4 ,)\t ! univ]sity-tra9$ cl]ic h[ is x explicable t 9 ! v age 9 :i* ! v]nacul> languages came to _! full developm5t 9 spee* & 9 lit]ature1 ,lat9 religi\s v]se 0 at a peak ( expression8 ,9 ! ,high ,middle ,ages ! alumni ( ! great univ]sities 7 influ5tial 9 e phase ( society4 ,x is conceivable1 if n demon/rable1 t ! cl]ics among _! ranks play$ an important al?\gh hi!rto unrecogniz$ role 9 ! evolution ( ,lat9 hymnody4 ,contempor>y pilgrimages take ! /ud5t f> afield f ! c5t]s ( le>n+4 ,! crusad+ ent]prise ( two c5turies :i* c>ri$ ! knightly companies ( ,europe & _! ent\rage to ! ,ea/ 0 a pilgrimage ( cont95tal proportions4 ,local %r9es favor$ by pilgrims ab\nd$ 9 ! ,we/ f ,cant]bury & ,wals+ham to ,campo/ella4 ,:at effect1 if any1 _h ?is wave ( religi\s zeal or ( adv5tur\s self-seek+ ^u ! hymnology ( ! age8 ,we "k t ! famili> ,lat9 hymns ( ! brevi>y 7 sung by ! cl]ics :o conduct$ ! s]vices ( religion 9 ! crusad+ armies4 ,we possess ! texts ( a v>iety ( v]nacul> hymns & songs he>d among ! w&]+ b&s :o trav]s$ ! highways ( ,europe or travel$ by sea to di/ant %r9es4 ,we are told ( ! s++ ( ,lat9 hymns at ! de/9ation ( pilgrimage b _! texts are r>e4 ,a =mal collection ( ,lat9 hymns associat$ ) ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,james ( ,campo/ella1 ! ,c>m9a ,campo/ellana1 has be5 edit$ 9 ! sev5te5? volume ( ! ,analecta ,hymnica4 ,z might be suppos$1 !y voice ! praises ( ,/4 ,james1 ,ad honorem regis summi1 8,to ! honor ( ! ,k+10 7,a4 ,h4 #ag4 #baj7 be+ a favorite 9 bo? ,lat9 & v]nacul> v]sions4#ah ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! hymnody ( pilgrimage mu/ h be5 l>gely patronal1 a conclusion support$ by exi/+ ,lat9 texts4 ,un=tunately we possess no great body ( ,lat9 hymns aris+ f ! religi\s impulse :i* animat$ ! crusad] or ! devotee ( local %r9es4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 t ! multiplication ( hymns = sa9ts at ?is "t may be attribut$ 9 "p to ! multiplication ( %r9es ( pilgrimage4 ,if true1 an influ5ce is se5 at "w1 :i*1 f ! "t :5 ,ambrose built a *ur* 9 ,milan to receive ! relics ( ,/4 ,g]vasius & ,/4 ,protasius & wrote a hymn 9 _! honor1 nev] ceas$ to op]ate 9 ! int]v5+ c5turies4#ai ,) ! pilgrim we come face to face ) ! layman & are once m confront$ ) ! "q ( lay p>ticipation 9 ! s++ ( ,lat9 hymns1 :i* h+es ^u ! fur!r "q ( ! degree to :i* ! layman c\ld s+ or ev5 und]/& ! ,lat9 hymn1 f ! twelf? c5tury onw>d4 ,! pi\s injunctions ( ,alex&] ( ,hales & ,h5ricus de ,gori*5 7#ae? ,c47 to s+ hymns1 m]ely repeat a dictum ( ,/4 ,apollonius reg>d+ ! obs]vance ( ! ,"l's ,day 9 ! second c5tury & mu/ n be tak5 too s]i\sly by ! mod]n /ud5t4#bj ,x is inde$ slight evid5ce = ! s++ ( ,lat9 hymns by ! laity4 ,! problem is 9 reality l+ui/ic & revolves ab\t ! "q ( :o 0 acqua9t$ ) ,lat9 at ?is "t4 ,sett+ aside ! cl]gy 9 _! num]\s ranks1 :o are (t5 said to h _h ! complete monopoly ( ! hymn 9 an age :5 congregational s++ 0 unkn[n1 "o mu/ consid] ! rema9+ classes ( society f ! po9t ( view ( contempor>y education4 ,beg9n+ ) ! univ]sity x %\ld be recall$ t ! text books & o!r s\rces ( in=mation 7 9 ,lat9 & t ,lat9 0 ! m$ium ( in/ruction4 ,9 ?is respect ! aspirant = a degree 9 law or m$ic9e 0 on a p> ) ! w\ld-be cl]gyman4 ,_m /ud5ts took degrees 9 two & occasionally 9 all ?ree discipl9es1 & ! majority 7 de/9$ = ! *ur* if only 9 m9or ord]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is c]ta9 t1 z 9 our own day1 a l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts nev] atta9$ any degree al?\gh !y _h ! ,lat9 qualification4 ,9 any case1 ! lay alumnus or =m] /ud5t ( ! univ]sities1 ) a ,lat9 tra9+1 0 a famili> figure 9 secul> affairs4 ,! degree & ext5t ( elem5t>y & second>y education ^u :i* ! univ]sity in/ruction 0 necess>ily f\nd$1 h be5 ! subject ( sev]al rec5t /udies4 ,x seems c]ta9 t s*ools = *ildr5 & y\? exi/$ f ! n9? c5tury onw>d 9 ca!dral & o!r c5t]s & t1 z ,lynn ,?orndike says1 89 ! p]iod ( develop$ m$ieval culture elem5t>y education 0 fairly wide-spread & g5]al40#ba ,)\t ent]+ into ! details ( ?is program1 illum9at+ z !y are1 we note t ! curriculum 0 f\nd$ ^u ! ,lat9 language & ,lat9 /udies4 ,! contempor>y gr[? ( t[ns involv$ an expansion ( education :i* 0 m>k$ by ! appe>ance ( s*ools sponsor$ by municipal au?ority4 ,! ,lat9 s*ool fl\ri%$ ev]y:]e4 ,!re is evid5ce t e social class p>ticipat$ to "s ext5t 9 ! new education al?\gh illit]acy mu/ at ! same "t h be5 common4 ,x seems cle> t ! layman :o _h receiv$ ^! e>ly educational advantages c\ld und]/& ,lat9 hymns or read !m if ! texts 7 available4 ,bo? sexes %>$ elem5t>y education & lay wom5 z well z nuns occasionally _h access to advanc$ in/ruction4 ,su* consid]ations z ! above presuppose a degree ( famili>ity especially ) ! brevi>y hymns1 on ! "p ( laym51 ev5 if s++ or *ant+ 0 re/rict$ to ! *oirs & cl]gy4 ,! univ]sity movem5t 0 accompani$ by ! rise ( ! w&]+ s*ol>s & poets ^: v]ses1 = example1 f ! ,c>m9a ,burana1 are famili> today 9 translation4 ,popul> ent]ta9]s1 !y sang _! ,lat9 lyrics at ale h\se doors & 9 ! m>ket places4 ,!y mu/ h be5 at lea/ p>tially und]/ood by ! populace4 ,o!r municipal ent]ta9m5t 0 provid$ by ! religi\s drama ( ! times :i* made consid]able dem& ^u ! ,lat9 res\rces ( ! spectator :o _h to be some:at bil+ual if he 7 to enjoy ! public pres5tation ( ! my/]y plays4 ,aga91 ! bil+ual or mac>onic poetry :i* sprang up 9 ! p]iod ( rivalry betwe5 ,lat9 & ! v]nacul> may be view$ bo? z a means & a result ( und]/&+ ,lat9 hymns4 ,mac>onic v]se 0 bo? secul> & religi\s 9 its =ms1 favorite phrases f well-kn[n ,lat9 hymns (t5 be+ comb9$ ) ! v]nacul> tongue4 ,! practice might ev5 h spread to ! ritual ( ! ,*ur* _h x n be5 =bidd5 by ecclesia/ical decree4#bb ,! cantio ( ! lat] m$ieval c5turies & ! famili> c>ol (f] a weal? ( evid5ce t mac>onic religi\s v]se 0 extremely popul>4 ,inde$1 ?is may h be5 ! e>lie/ manife/ation ( actual hymn s++ on ! "p ( m$ieval laym54 ,ev5 if congregational s++ 0 n practic$1 ! use ( ,lat9 hymns 9 private devotion is well au!nticat$4 ,! ,horae :i* 7 includ$ 9 ! liturgical collections li/$ above1 7 circulat$ among laym5 f ! f\rte5? c5tury onw>d1 & (t5 us$ z text books or ,prim]s f :i* *ildr5 7 taught to read4 ,! v>iant title1 ,lay ,folks ,pray] ,book1 also bespeaks its popul> availability4 ,:ile x w\ld be uns\nd to inf] a univ]sal k ( ,lat9 hymnody among ! laity ( ,europe ^u any or all ( ! evid5ce "h assembl$1 x is logical to suppose t ?is treasury ( v]se lay )9 ! b\nd>ies ( av]age education & cultural ability4 ,comb9$ ) ! effectiv5ess ( visual means ( convey+ religi\s tru?s ?r\gh ar*itecture1 sculpture & /a9$ glass1 popul> acqua9tance ) ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ian hymnody mu/ be suppos$ to h ov]fl[$ ! limits ( cl]ical re/riction1 if inde$1 any su* exi/$4 ,,vi4 ,*>act]i/ics ,to close ?is some:at rambl+ acc\nt ( ! ,lat9 hymn & sequ5ce 9 ! lat] m$ieval c5turies1 :i* is necess>ily discursive ev5 z ! civilization itself 0 ev]y:]e exp&+1 ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is poetry %\ld be review$ 9 comp>ison ) ^? ( e>li] ,lat9 hymns4 ,an increas+ v>iety ( subject matt] is fir/ to be not$1 to accompany ! div]sification ( wor%ip br\ght ab\t by new fea/s & ! appe>ance ( new religi\s ag5cies4 ,hymns = ! fe/ivals ( sa9ts provide ! be/ illu/rations ( ?is t5d5cy :i* has be5 amply treat$ above4 ,a m>k$ tr5d t[>d ! compilation ( local liturgical collections & ! diff]5tiation ( s]vice books accompanies ! unification ( rites 9 v>i\s ,european l&s4 ,?is t5d5cy 0 obs]v$ 9 e>li] c5turies1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,spa9 :]e ! ,moz>abic hymnal prevail$4 ,/4 ,gall _h provid$ a mona/ic c5t] ( influ5ce 9 ,g]man-speak+ l&s 9 its day4 ,n[1 ! great diocesan & mona/ic c5t]s1 on a mu* l>g] scale1 are furni%$ ) a full complem5t ( ritual books & guides to hymnody4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! ,s>um collection a*iev$ great prom95ce1 acquir+ national r ?an diocesan proportions4 ,)9 ! hymnic poetry itself *anges are se5 bo? 9 =m & _s4 ,a full developm5t ( metrical =ms takes place1 "s ( :i* _h appe>$ mu* e>li] 9 isolat$ examples & 7 n[ widely accept$2 o!rs 7 *>act]i/ic ( late m$ieval lit]>y art4 ,! met]s & rhy?m ( sequ5ce poetry 7 popul>ly favor$4 ,subjective qualities & attitudes :i* _h be5 infrequ5t 9 ! e>li] hymns devot$ to biblical !mes & !ological expression are mu* m obvi\s 9 lat] hymns4 ,! p]sonal petition & ! direct address to deity & ! sa9ts are frequ5t4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ above 9 consid]+ hymns ^u ! !me ( ! ,cross1 t a comp>ison ( hymns f ! e>li] & lat] gr\ps is in/ructive4 ,b any ( ! great !mes may be select$ = ?is purpose1 = example1 ! ,p5teco/al !me1 ) a gr\p ( hymns 9 :i* ! e>li] ones are simple n>ratives foll[+ ! biblical acc\nt ( ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s2 ! lat] ones are exemplifi$ by ,v5i1 sancte spiritus1 8,come1 ,?\ ,holy ,_s1 come10 already cit$1 9 :i* ! ,_s is address$ & invok$ = p]sonal bless+s & ! sev5fold gifts4 ,) ! wan+ ( ! m$ieval c5turies came a *>act]i/ic decad5ce 9 ! poetical quality ( ,lat9 hymns & 9 _! spiritual vitality4 ,?is 0 true ( ! sequ5ce & mo/ obvi\s1 p]haps1 9 ^? :i* 7 devot$ to ! praise ( ! sa9ts4 ,ref]5ce to ?is ph5om5on w be made 9 a lat] *apt] 9 connection ) ! possible reason = ! loss ( religi\s significance :i* mu/ be admitt$ al?\gh deplor$ by /ud5ts ( ! subject4 ,f9ally1 "o obs]ves t c]ta9 hymns ( ^! lat] c5turies rival1 if n surpass1 ! repres5tative hymns ( ! fir/ half ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,f\r ( ! five sequ5ces reta9$ 9 ! pres5t-day ,roman ,missal 7 all select$ f ?is gr\p1 namely3 ,lauda ,sion ,salvatorem1 ,v5i sancte spiritus1 ,dies irae1 & ,/abat mat] dolorosa4 ,o!r illu/rative hymns & sequ5ces m5tion$ above prove to be almo/ z famili>4 ,on ! contr>y1 decad5t hymns h t5d$ to disappe>4 ,unwor?y ( _! !me & purpose1 a multitude ( examples may be une>!d f _! pres5t burial places 9 ! ,analecta ,hymnica or o!r collections by ! curi\s inve/igator4 ,s f> z actual usage is conc]n$ !y h be5 gradually disc>d$ & =gott5 9 ! process ( "t4 ,simil>ly ^? ( great] m]it h possess$ a survival value suffici5t to insure recognition 9 e succe$+ c5tury4 ,,*apt] ,,six ,late ,middle ,ages3 ,processional ,hymns ,i4 ,orig9s ,! procession z a practice ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* orig9ates 9 ! triumphal entry ( ,jesus into ,j]usalem4 ,all f\r evangeli/s record ! ev5t & all f\r make m5tion ( ! hosannas & acclamations ( ! p :i* accompani$ x4#a ,true1 ! procession is old] ?an ,*ri/ianity & wid] 9 obs]vance4 ,x seems to be a natural impulse ( humanity 9 all ages & 9 all l&s to make ord]ly progress f "o place to ano!r = ! expression ( communal joy or lam5tation or to seek ! aid & bless+ ( sup]natural p[] 9 ! activities & vicissitudes ( life4 ,processional c]emonies z !y 7 obs]v$ 9 anci5t ori5tal civilizations or 9 ! culture ( ,greece & ,rome are n consid]$ "h1 except z !y may h affect$ ,*ri/ian orig9s4 ,! purpose ( ?is *apt] is to describe ! backgr\nd & sett+ ( processional =ms :i*1 9 _! evolution1 gave rise to a cont9uity ( hymns2 to trace ! orig91 developm5t & di/+ui%+ features ( su* processional hymns 9 ! ,middle ,ages & to display processional hymnody 9 its di/9ctive "* z a sep>ate category ( m$ieval ,lat9 hymnology4 ,prior to ! f\r? c5tury ! record is obscure4 ,miscellane\s notices beg9 to appe> 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury4 ,basil notes a procession 9 ! =m ( a litany 7c4 #cge74 ,ambrose m5tions a procession ( monks 7c4 #chh7 & also ref]s to a procession 9 ,rome honor+ ,/s4 ,pet] & ,paul1 9 8 hymn1 ,apo/olorum passio1 8,! passion ( ! ,apo/les10 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #ag74 ,*ryso/om 0 active 9 organiz+ processions 9 ,con/ant9ople to (fset ,arian influ5ce 7#cij-djj74b ,at ! same p]iod1 #cgi-chh1 ,ae!ria 7,/4 ,sylvia ( ,aquitania87 made h] pilgrimage to ! holy places ( ,pale/9e1 describ+ 9 h] j\rnal 9 detail1 ! c]emonies enact$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* at ,j]usalem4#c ,rem>kable 9 all respects1 ,ae!ria's n>rative is obvi\sly writt5 9 a _s ( devotion ) eag] curiosity & joyful appreciation4 ,%e describes1 among o!r obs]vances1 ! ,h\r s]vices1 especially ! luc]n>e :5 hymns 7 sung1 ! ,sunday procession to ! ,ana/asis or ,*ur* ( ! ,resurrection :i* m>k$ ! tomb ( ,jesus & ! procession & rites = ! ,fea/s ( ! ,epiphany1 ,ypapanti or ,pres5tation ( ,*ri/ 9 ! temple1 ,palm ,sunday & ,ea/]4#d ,hymns 9 :i* ! laity z well z ! cl]gy p>ticipat$ are m5tion$ 9 connection ) ^! c]emonies b no specific hymn is nam$4 ,! imm$iate purpose ( ! processions at ,j]usalem appe>s to h be5 ! enactm5t ( sc5es 9 ! life ( ,jesus 9 ! places :]e !y occurr$1 introduc+ a dramatic elem5t :i* p]vades m$ieval processional obs]vances ?r\gh\t _! hi/ory4 ,ae!ria uses ! words psalm1 antiphon & hymn 9 connection ) ! musical p>ts ( ! wor%ip %e obs]v$1 b n indiscrim9ately4 ,%e 0 probably famili> ) hymns z !y _h develop$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury bo? 9 ! ea/]n & we/]n *ur*es4 ,x has be5 assum$ t ! hymn sung at ! daily light+ ( ! c&les 0 ,phos hil>on1 8,o gladsome light40#e ,! hymns %e he>d at ! ,good ,friday obs]vance h be5 t5tatively id5tifi$ z ! ,idiomela = ,good ,friday1 traditional 9 ,byzant9e ritual4#f ,9 any case !y 7 true hymns1 p]haps ( a metrical1 or m probably ( a rhy?mical type4 ,x is impossible to id5tify ! processional hymns ( :i* %e speaks4 ,all t c be ass]t$ is t non-scriptural1 z well z scriptural hymns1 7 sung 9 ! processions at ,j]usalem4 ,9 ,con/ant9ople1 contempor>y processions h already be5 m5tion$4 ,! practice ( ,j]usalem 0 also adopt$ !re4 ,9 ! six? c5tury "u ,ju/9ian1 ! ,fea/ ( ,ypapanti 0 introduc$4#g ,h[ev]1 ! hi/ory ( ,byzant9e processions mu/ be omitt$ f ?is /udy :i* is devot$ prim>ily to ! ,lat9 ,we/4 ,9 ,rome1 ! ,*ri/ian procession _h an indep5d5t orig91 be+ d]iv$ 9 "p f ! memorial honors paid to ! ,*ri/ian m>tyrs & 9 "p f ! ,*ri/ianization ( pagan c]emonies4 ,:5 ! p]iod ( p]secution ( ,*ri/ianity _h come to a close & ! triumphant ,*ur* 0 able to ass]t publicly h] influ5ce & au?ority at ,rome1 processions 7 made z e>ly z ! fif? c5tury to ! places :]e m>tyrs _h suff]$4 ,?is is ! orig9 ( ! lat] /ation procession1 foll[$ by ! celebration ( mass 9 ! v>i\s *ur*es :]e ! rema9s ( m>tyrs remov$ f ! catacombs 7 buri$4 ,a c5tury e>li] 9 ,milan1 ,ambrose _h discov]$ & remov$ ! bodies ( ,/4 ,protasius & ( ,/4 ,g]vasius f _! orig9al burial place to a *ur* newly erect$ 9 _! honor4#h ,pope ,gregory ! ,great 7#eij-fjd7 obs]v$ ! ,roman /ations & ,pope ,s]gius 7#fhg-gja7 complet$ _! organization4#i ,! processions 7 accompani$ by ! *ant+ ( psalms b !re is no record ( non-scriptural hymns4 ,! symbolism ( ! procession1 h[ev]1 0 enri*$ by ! idea ( pilgrimage to a spot made sacr$ by m>tyrdom1 a cont9u+ processional motive ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages4 ,:ile ! /ation processions develop$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,rome1 ! litany processions arose 9 ,gaul4 ,mametus1 ! ,bi%op ( ,vi5ne1 #dgd1 inaugurat$ ! litania m9or or ! public bless+ ( ! fields & crops 9 ! spr+ season4 ,9 #eaa1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,orleans orda9$ ! obs]vance = ,gaul1 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,girona1 9 #eag1 = ,spa94 ,! litaniae m9ores or rogations1 p]petuate 9 _! int5t1 processions ( ! ,roman era4 ,! litaniae maiores :i* 7 prescrib$ by ,gregory ! ,great1 #eih1 & ,leo ,,iii 7#gie-haf71 7 ( simil> orig9 & purpose4 ,a litania septi=mis 0 also organiz$ by ,gregory on ! occasion ( a pe/il5ce at ,rome4#aj ,! litania maior came to be obs]v$ on ,april #be1 ,/4 ,m>k's day1 & ! litaniae m9ores 9 ! ?ree days prec$+ ,asc5sion4 ,psalms b n hymns 9 ! s5se ( non-scriptural compositions 7 he>d 9 ! litanies4 ,! procession ( supplication common alike to pagan & ,*ri/ian practice is illu/rat$ 9 ! litanies1 a con/ant motive & a con/ant obs]vance 9 m$ieval rites4 ,x seems cle>1 !re=e1 t primitive ,*ri/ian processions 9 ,rome consi/$ ( /ations & litanies4 ,fe/ival processions 7 introduc$ into ! we/ gradually4 ,asc5sion is spok5 ( z an anci5t fea/ b !re is no specific evid5ce ( its obs]vance be=e ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! ,asc5sion procession1 impli$ by ,ae!ria 9 h] j\rnal1 is unkn[n 9 ,rome at ?is "t4#aa ,pope ,s]gius import$ into ,rome ! fe/ival procession = ,c&lemas or ! ,fea/ ( ! ,purification ( ! ,virg94 ,! ,fea/ ( ,ypapanti or ,pres5tation1 orig9ally obs]v$ 9 ,j]usalem & lat] adopt$ 9 ,con/ant9ople1 z not$ above1 ga9$ 9 ! transf] a new feature4 ,! c>ry+ ( light$ c&les1 n m5tion$ by ,ae!ria1 seems to h be5 add$ 9 ,byzant9e practice4 ,! words spok5 by ,simeon ( ! infant ,jesus1 8a light to light5 ! ,g5tiles0 7,luke #b4 #cb7 made ! symbolic use ( lights almo/ inevitable4 ,! date ( ! ,fea/ ( ! ,purification1 ,febru>y #b1 0 approximately t ( ! pagan ,amburbium or ,amburbale1 an e>ly ,roman procession ( lu/ration :i* _h tak5 place 9 t mon?4 ,possibly ! procession = ! ,fea/ is rem9isc5t ( ?is pagan practice4#ab ,x might be ( int]e/ to foll[ 9 clos] detail ! orig9 ( ! m$ieval ,c&lemas1 b att5tion mu/ be direct$ to ! ,c&lemas hymns lat] to be writt5 & sung 9 procession at ?is ,fea/4 ,! p]iod ( ,*ri/ian processional orig9s :i* may be consid]$ to close ) ! sev5? c5tury1 saw ! developm5t ( ! processions at ,j]usalem1 _! adoption 9 ,con/ant9ople & ! evolution ( ! /ations & litanies 9 ! we/4 ,fe/ival processions also1 7 sl[ly mak+ _! way into ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4#ac ,,ii4 ,evolution 9 ! ,e>ly ,middle ,ages ,t ! ,lat9 processional hymn appe>$ fir/ 9 ,gaul %\ld surprise no "o4 ,x has already be5 sugge/$ t ! hymns among ! ,c>m9a ( ,=tunatus 7 creat$ 9 ! atmosph]e ( fre$om enjoy$ by ,gallic hymn writ]s 9 accordance ) contempor>y canons4 ,always a poet ( ! occasion1 ,=tunatus wrote ?ree hymns = ! reception ( a relic believ$ to be ( ! true ,cross1 :i* 0 pres5t$ to ,rhadegunda1 8 patron1 by ! ,byzant9e ,emp]or1 ,ju/9 ,,ii & 8 wife ,sophia1 = ! conv5t at ,poiti]s4 ,z a f9al /age 9 ! j\rney f ,con/ant9ople1 ! relic 0 borne 9 procession f ,mign to ,poiti]s1 accompani$ by ,euphronius1 ,bi%op ( ,t\rs4 ,on ?is day ! hymn1 ,vexilla regis prodeunt1 0 fir/ he>d4#ad ,two o!rs1 ,pange l+ua & ,crux b5$icta 7see ,*apt] ,"o7 7 devot$ by ,=tunatus to ! same !me ( ! ,holy ,cross1 al?\gh x _c be prov$ t !y 7 sung 9 ! same procession4 ,! ,resurrection hymn1 ,tempora florig]o rutilant di/9cta s]5o1 8,season ( lum9\s days1 m>k$ bright ) ! bir? ( fl[]s10 7,c>m4 #c4 #i71 0 orig9ally writt5 = ! ,ea/] baptismal rites celebrat$ by ,felix1 ,bi%op ( ,nantes 7d4 #ehb74 ,x 0 a poem ( #aaj l9es or #ee elegiac c\plets1 f :i* ! c5to ( #bh l9es beg9n+ ,salve fe/a dies1 8,hail !e1 fe/ival day10 0 lat] select$ = an ,ea/] processional4#ae ,! metrical models provid$ by ,pange l+ua ( ! tro*aic patt]n & ,salve fe/a dies1 ! elegiac1 cont9u$ to be employ$ ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages = processional hymnody1 ! elegiac excell+ 9 popul>ity4 ,fir/ 9 ! orig9al hymn1 !n 9 c5tos & f9ally 9 imitative v]se adapt$ to a multitude ( fea/s1 ,salve fe/a dies 0 nev] sup]s$$ b ma9ta9$ ! influ5ce ( ,=tunatus = c5turies4 ,spa9 mu/ h kn[n ! processional hymn soon aft] its appe>ance 9 ,gaul1 p]haps 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,"h1 ! ,palm ,sunday fe/ival seems to h be5 ! s\rce ( inspiration = ! procession & bless+ ( palms is m5tion$ by ,isidore ( ,seville z an obs]vance ( 8 day4#af ,contempor>y evid5ce indicates a simil> procession 9 ,italy4#ag ,! use ( a processional hymn1 h[ev]1 is n z cle>ly indicat$4 ,x seems probable t ! sev5? c5tury hymn1 ,magnum salutis gaudium 7,a4 ,h4 #ea4 #gc71 8,o great joy ( salvation10 is "o ( ! e>lie/ to be assign$ = ,palm ,sunday4 ,x is a simple r5d]+ 9 ! ,ambrosian /yle1 ( ! ev5ts rec\nt$ 9 ! biblical n>rative4#ah ,9 ! e>ly c5turies :5 ! concept ( a specific processional hymn = a p>ticul> fe/ival 0 almo/ unhe>d (1 a famili> hymn f ! old hymnals might be us$ 9 ! new c]emonies4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ,magnum salutis gaudium 0 kn[n to ,!odulphus1 :o 9 ! n9? c5tury wrote ! ,palm ,sunday processional hymn1 ,gloria laus et honor1 = all ! ages4 ,processions1 ?us f>1 h be5 ?\ght ( *iefly1 z :olly or 9 "p outside ! *ur* edifice4 ,processions )9 ! edifice 7 also frequ5tly obs]v$4 ,a procession ( ! cl]gy1 9 connection ) :i* psalms & antiphons 7 sung1 prec$$ ! ,sunday high mass2 ano!r took place z ! ,gospel codex 0 c>ri$ to its place = read+4 ,o!r c]emonies )9 ! *ur*1 aside f ! liturgy prop]1 7 sometimes accompani$ by hymns4#ai ,p]haps ! e>lie/ hymn 9 use at a special c]emony1 once m a selection f ! hymnal1 0 ,audi1 iudex mortuorum 7,a4 ,h4 #ea4 #hj71 8,he> ,?\ ,judge ( ! dead10 sung on ,holy ,?ursday at ! consecration ( ! *rism4#bj ,! words ,o r$emptor1 sume c>m5 temet conc95tium1 8,o ,r$eem]1 accept ! hymn ( ,?y p magnify+ ,!e10#ba =m$ a refra91 a metrical feature :i* came to be ! unmi/akable m>k ( ! processional hymn4 ,9 ?is e>ly p]iod f ! six? to ! t5? c5tury1 a new idea & a new practice came into be+1 ! use ( hymns ap>t f ^? ( ! canonical h\rs & ! sequ5ces ( ! mass4 ,! n9? c5tury revival ( hymnody 9 all its bran*es 0 tak+ place 9 we/]n ,europe j z ?is p]iod came to a close1 9 connection ) :i* ! processional hymn 0 inevitably affect$ z ! (fice hymn & ! sequ5ce _h be5 by a fre% inspiration to poetry & wor%ip4 ,! movem5t came to fruition at ,/4 ,gall :]e ! musical & c]emonial aspects ( t great mona/ic c5t] 7 s highly develop$1 a c5t] :i* _h contribut$ s heavily to ! ,c>ol+ian revival ( lit]ature & ! arts4 ,! ,fr5* liturgical s*ol>1 ,leon ,gauti]1 ^: contributions to ! /udy ( m$ieval hymnology h already be5 m5tion$1 0 ! fir/ to id5tify ! processional hymn z a trope or liturgical int]polation4 ,9 a /udy ( ! ,/4 ,gall processional hymns he obs]v$ t !y 7 classifi$ by ! "n v]sus :i* 9 itself po9ts to a sep>ate hymnic category4 ,o!r e>li] hymns us$ 9 processions 7 !re call$ v]sus4 ,gauti] discov]$ t musical notation always appe>$ ) ! v]sus1 an indication t ^! hymns 7 inv>iably *ant$ & he not$ t ! v]sus1 9 ! mann] ( ! hymn ,o r$emptor1 sume c>m51 cit$ above1 0 )\t exception1 accompani$ by a refra94#bb ,! processional hymns ( ,/4 ,gall1 l ! sequ5ces1 bore ! *>act]i/ic m>ks ( ! hymnic gr\p to :i* !y belong$4 ,f ?is /age 9 _! evolution !y 7 set ap>t by _! music1 classification & refra94 ,! wid] circle ( ,c>ol+ian liturgical int]e/ includ$ hymn writ]s o!r ?an ^? ( ,/4 ,gall3 ,!odulphus ( ,orleans1 ,walafrid ,/rabo ( ,rei*5au1 ,rabanus ,maurus ( ,fulda1 ,radb]t ( ,corbie1 :o ) ,waldram & ,h>tmann ( ,/4 ,gall wrote processional hymns4 ,! hymns ( ,!odulphus & ( ,rabanus ,maurus h be5 consid]$ above4 ,o!r great fe/ivals ( ! ecclesia/ical ye> & ( ! sa9ts 7 n[ obs]v$ ) processional honors = :i* new hymns 7 writt52 special c]emonies also1 7 ?us recogniz$4 ,h>tmann wrote ! elegiac hymn ,salve1 lacteolo decoratum sangu9e fe/um 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #bea71 8,hail fe/ival1 grac$ ) ! blood ( ! ,innoc5ts10 = ! ,fea/ ( ! ,holy ,innoc5ts4 ,! processional hymns ( ,rabanus ,maurus 7 he>d at ,nativity1 ,ea/] & possibly ! ,fea/ ( ! ,purification4 ,! dramatic _s1 always pres5t 9 ! true processional is felt 9 all ^! hymns :ile ! refra9 reit]ates ! message ( ! fea/3 = ,ea/]1 ,r4 ,surrexit quia ,*ri/us a sepulcro1 ,collaetetur homo *oro angelorum4 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #aij7 ,s9ce ,*ri/ has ris5 f ! tomb1 ,let man rejoice ) ! *oir ( angels4 = ! ,nativity1 ,r4 ,*ri/o nato1 rege magno totus orbis gaudeat4 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #ahf7 ,s9ce ,*ri/ is born1 ! mighty k+1 let ! :ole e>? rejoice4 ,processional hymns = sa9ts are repres5t$ by ,radb]t's hymn honor+ ,/4 ,gall1 ,r4 ,annua1 sancte ,dei1 celebramus fe/a diei1 ,qua1 pat]1 e t]ris sid]a1 ,galle1 petis4 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #bda7 ,we celebrate1 ,o ,sa9t ( ,god1 our ye>ly fea/ on ?is day ,:5 ?\1 fa!r ,gallus1 do/ leave ! e>? = heav54 ,to celebrate ! life & miracles ( a patron sa9t 0 frequ5tly ! inspiration ( a m$ieval procession1 :i*1 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,gall1 pass$ beyond ! prec9cts ( ! mona/]y into ! /reets ( ! t[n4#bc ,x is no wond] t ! tradition ( ^! processions1 furni%$ ) all ! spl5dor ( fe/ival ve/m5ts1 ( rob$ *oirs1 ( mona/ic treasures & sacr$ bann]s %\ld h made ,/4 ,gall unique4 ,! ,sunday processions 7 sometimes accompani$ by impos+ hymns 9 ! =m ( litanies4 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 t ! anci5t ,*ri/ian processions 71 9 great "p1 ( ?is nature4 ,waldram1 ,h>tmann & ,radb]t wrote su* hymns b ,h>tmann's 0 evid5tly a favorite1 ,summus et omnipot5s g5itor1 qui cuncta crea/i1 8,mighty & omnipot5t fa!r1 :o ha/ creat$ all ?+s10 ) ! refra91 ,r4 ,humili prece et s9c]a devotione ,ad te clamantes semp] exaudi nos4 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #bec7 ,) humble pray] & pure devotion1 ,ev] he> u z we cry to ,!e4 ,x seems probable t ! cu/om ( s++ a hymn 9 ! procession be=e ! read+ ( ! ,gospel orig9at$ at ,/4 ,gall4 ,h>tmann provid$ a beautiful v]sus = ?is purpose1 ,sacrata libri dogmata ,portantur evangelici4 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #bej7 ,! sacr$ words ( ! ,gospel are borne4 ,a v]sus = ! reception ( ! ,eu*>i/ 0 writt5 by ,radb]t1 ,laudes omnipot5s1 f]imus tibi dona col5tes 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #bci71 8,9 rev]5ce1 ,almighty1 we br+ our praises z gifts to ,!e40 ,! ,bless+ ( ! ,font on ,holy ,saturday inspir$ 8 ,v]sus ad ,desc5sum fontis 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #bdb-c74 ,among ! c]emonies mo/ *>act]i/ic ( m$ieval piety 0 t ( ,m&atum or foot-wa%+1 commemorat+ ! act ( ,jesus 9 wa%+ 8 disciples' feet1 7,john #ac2 #a-ae74 ,! "n 8,maundy ,?ursday0 is a mod]n survival ( ! anci5t t]m9ology4#bd ,! hymn associat$ ) ?is rite appe>s fir/ 9 ,gaul 9 ! eigh? or n9? c5tury & may h be5 curr5t 9 ,italy 9 mona/ic c5t]s4 ,! antiphon1 ,ubi c>itas et amor1 ,deus ibi e/1 8,:]e *>ity is & love1 ,god is !re10 is at once ! motive & refra9 ( ?is hymn1 ,congregavit nos 9 unum ,*ri/i amor 7,a4 ,h4 #ab4 #bd71 8,! love ( ,*ri/ has unit$ u10 :i* foll[s ! scriptural acc\nt4#be ,! /ud5t mu/ turn once m to ! great mona/ic c5t]s ( ! ,g]manic _w = processional hymns honor+ royalty4 ,visits ( k+s & emp]ors to ,/4 ,gall & o!r not$ mona/]ies 7 by no means uncommon2 t colorful processions & demon/rations ( loyalty 7 a "p ( _! reception _c be d\bt$4 ,walafrid ,/rabo celebrates ! visit ( ,lo?air to ,rei*5au ) ! hymn1 ,r4 ,imp]ator magne1 vivas semp] et felicit]4 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #agf7 ,live1 ,o mighty emp]or ev] 9 felicity4 ,walafrid ,/rabo prais$ ,*>les1 son ( ,l\is ! ,pi\s1 & ,radb]t1 ! ,empress ,ri*g>d4 ,o!r processionals c\ld be us$ on ! occasion ( ! com+ ( any royal visitor4 ,vatican manuscripts (f] evid5ce ( contempor>y processions 9 ,italy & ,rome1 ! city ( _! orig94 ,f ?is s\rce is d]iv$ ! processional hymn ,sancta ,m>ia1 quid e/8 7,a4 ,h4 #bc4 #gd71 8,sancta ,m>ia1 :at meane? ?is80 writt5 = ! procession :i* m>k$ ! eve ( ! ,fea/ ( ! ,assumption1 ab\t ! ye> #ajjj4 ,specific directions = ! r\te1 ! ord] ( prec$5ce & e detail ( ! c]emonial are available1 :ile ! hymn itself depicts ! devotion & human appeal att5d+ ?is night "t sc5e 9 ,rome4#bf ,,iii4 ,evolution 9 ! ,lat] ,middle ,ages ,= ! evolution ( ! processional hymn f ?is po9t to ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages1 we h 9 addition to hymnic manuscripts1 ! s]vice books & manuals devot$ to1 or includ+1 processional practice4 ,! ,ritual or ,roman ,pontifical 0 ! e>lie/ to include directions = processions1 an illu/ration ( :i* has be5 pres5t$ above 9 ! case ( ,sancta ,m>ia1 quid e/8 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 s9ce s _m m$ieval processions 7 n ?us provid$ =1 ! ,processional came into exi/5ce1 conta9+ ! ord] ( processions = a p>ticul> diocese or mona/]y4#bg ,! ,/4 ,gall ,processionals1 = in/ance1 are in=mative z to cu/oms already describ$ above4 ,! specific "n v]sus gave rise to ! title ,v]s>ius = a book ( processional hymns4#bh ,9 addition to ! collections1 liturgical writ]s discuss$ ! procession4 ,( ^!1 none 0 m influ5tial ?an ,dur&us1 ,bi%op ( ,m5de1 :o1 ab\t #abhf1 produc$ 8 ,rationale div9orum (ficiorum :i* among _m o!r liturgical subjects1 includ$ processional rites4#bi ,dur&us 0 a lead+ au?ority ^u ecclesia/ical symbolism4 ,accord+ly1 he dwells ^u e m9ute detail ( ! great processions = ,ea/]1 ,asc5sion1 ,palm ,sunday & ! ,purification z well z ! ,sunday procession & o!rs ( less] importance1 ascrib+ to ea* act a weal? ( symbolic mean+4 ,mu* ( ?is figurative int]pretation is obvi\s & inh]5t 9 ! fea/ to be celebrat$ b 9 o!r cases he gives full play to 8 s5se ( ! symbolic1 a phase ( contempor>y ?\ght already s *>act]i/ic ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor & o!r writ]s on religi\s !mes4 ,f9ally he decl>es t :atev] else is sugge/$1 8! true procession is a progress to ! cele/ial c\ntry40 7,ipsa v]o processio1 e/ via ad coele/em patriam47#cj ,if ! fundam5tal concepts :i* ent]$ into _! orig9s be review$1 m$ieval processions app>5tly c>ri$ ) !m ! famili> ideas ( supplication1 ( dramatic repres5tation or ( pilgrimage to sacr$ places4 ,dur&us reit]ates & sublimates ^! concepts1 giv+ !m an add$ significance4 ,! processional manuals1 especially ( ! ,engli% rites obs]v$ at ,salisbury1 ,york1 ,cant]bury & o!r ca!dral c5t]s1 (f] descriptions & sometimes illu/rations %[+ ! ord] & ve/m5ts ( ! cl]gy1 ! position & functions ( ! *oir1 ! appropriate acts involv$1 toge!r ) ! complete text ( ! antiphons1 psalms1 o!r scriptural passages1 hymns1 pray]s & rubrics4 ,turn+ to ! processional hymns :i* 7 r5d]$ 9 ^! c5turies1 "o is impress$ by ! gradual disappe>ance ( hymns typical ( ! ef=ts ( ! ,/4 ,gall s*ool & its contempor>ies4 ,a trem5d\s vogue ( ! orig9al ,salve fe/a dies ( ,=tunatus :i* _h nev] be5 lo/ sight (1 toge!r ) its c5tos1 v>iants & copies1 takes possession ( ! field4 ,!re 7 9 all1 p]haps1 f "o hundr$ to "o hundr$ & fifty true processional hymns 9 circulation ?r\gh\t ! :ole m$ieval p]iod1 if "o enum]ates ^? :i* are edit$ 9 ! ,analecta ,hymnica4 ,"o half ( ^! may be consid]$ to be ( ! ,salve fe/a dies type :ile simil> elegiac metrical =ms are f\nd 9 half ( ! rema9d]4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! cultural backgr\nd 9 :i* ! sequ5ce develop$ & multipli$ is equally true = ! processional hymn4 ,! same influ5ces :i* creat$ new seasonal fea/s & additional fea/s = ! sa9ts1 produc$ new processional hymns to accompany !m4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a great disp>ity betwe5 ! numb] ( sequ5ces & processional hymns t 7 writt54 ,! sequ5ce 0 regnant 9 sacr$ & secul> v]se1 bo? 9 ,lat9 & ! v]nacul>s4 ,(fice hymns1 too1 f> outnumb]$ processionals4 ,?is may be ano!r way ( say+ t ! (fice hymns & ! sequ5ces _h a liturgical function & sett+1 :ile ! processional 0 always extra-liturgical & ei!r sup]flu\s or purely ornam5tal f ?is po9t ( view4 ,! antiphons & psalms 7 suffici5t to satisfy ! ess5tial *oral dem&s ( any procession4 ,un=tunately ,?omas ,aqu9as did n include a processional hymn :5 he furni%$ ! hymnody = ! ,fea/ ( ,corpus ,*ri/i4 ,he c\ld h>dly h envisag$ ! ?\s&s ( ,corpus ,*ri/i processions ?r\gh\t ,ca?olic ,*ri/5dom :i* h m>k$ ! ,fea/ ev5 to ?is day4 ,nor c\ld he h =ese5 t 8 hymn ,pange l+ua gloriosi corporis my/]ium1 writt5 9 ! tradition ( ,=tunatus1 w\ld be widely appropriat$ = t purpose4 ,o!r processionals = ,corpus ,*ri/i appe>$ almo/ at once1 especially ( ! ,salve type4 ,contempor>y devotion to ! ,virg9 ,"m & h] fe/ivals 0 felt 9 ! expansion ( ! ,m>ian hymnology = processions4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ,/4 ,osy? 9 ,essex 0 a c5t] 9 :i* new hymns 7 us$ = ! ,visitation1 ,salve fe/a dies1 toto v5]abilis aevo1 ,qua ,*ri/i mat] visitat ,elizabe?4 7,a4 ,h4 #aa4 #ea7 ,hail !e1 fe/ival day1 ble/ day t is hall[$ =ev]1 ,on :i* ,*ri/'s "m visits ,elizabe?4 & ! ,assumption1 ,salve fe/a dies1 toto v5]abilis aevo1 ,qua fuit assumpta virgo ,m>ia pia4 7,a4 ,h4 #aa4 #ee7 ,hail !e1 fe/ival day1 ble/ day t is hall[$ =ev]1 ,on :i* ! holy ,virg9 ,m>y 0 assum$4 ,a l5g?y hymn ( tw5ty /anzas = ! ,fea/ ( ! ,purification :i* _h be5 obs]v$ = s _m c5turies1 appe>s 9 a twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury manuscript f ,kremsmn/]1 ,laetetur omne saeculum 7,a4 ,h4 #d4 #ed71 8,let e age rejoice40 ,! biblical sc5e ( ! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple is describ$ & ref]5ce is made to ! c>ry+ ( light$ c&les4 ,lat] m$ieval practice p]petuat$ o!r e>li] cu/oms4 ,f ! orig9al /ation processions at ,rome _h develop$ ! c]emonies to celebrate ! translation ( relics ( sa9ts 9 we/]n ,european l&s4 ,pope ,calli/us ,,ii 7d4 #aabd7 wrote a processional hymn honor+ ,/4 ,james ( ,campo/ella1 ,v]sus ,calixti ,papae1 cant&i ad processionem sancti ,jacobi 9 solemnitate passionis ipsius et translationis ejusdem 7,a4 ,h4 #ag4 #aid71 or ,v]sus ( ,pope ,calli/us1 to be sung at ! procession ( ,/4 ,james 9 ! celebration ( 8 passion & translation4 ,a hymn = ,/4 ,kyneburga 7d4 #fhj7 commemorat$ ! re/oration ( h] relics to _! orig9al burial place 9 ,pet]bor\gh ,m9/] f :i* !y _h be5 remov$ dur+ ! ,dani% invasions4#ca 7,a4 ,h4 #dc4 #bah7 ,a procession 9 :i* ! relics 7 c>ri$ = ! v5]ation ( ! wor%ip]s 0 famili> 9 _m places4 ,records f ,/4 ,gall te/ify t ,/4 ,magnus 0 honor$ ) su* a procession & an appropriate hymn ( praise 7,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #bfa74 ,! relics ( sa9ts treasur$ at ,exet] 7 borne 9 procession ) ! s++ ( a hymn :i* m5tions _! miracul\s p[]s4 7,a4 ,h4 #dc4 #bgg7 ,9 an era m>k$ by municipal drama & civic display z well z religi\s fe/ivals1 ! pageantry ( ! procession 0 und]/&ably popul>4 ,rome always _h its great processions4 ,acc\nts are extant ( c]emonies accompani$ by hymns1 9 ,t\rnai1 ,/rasburg1 ,nuremb]g & o!r m$ieval t[ns1 aside f ^? prescrib$ by episcopal & mona/ic manuals ( ! day = ! great ca!drals & abbeys4 ,! music to :i* ! processional hymn 0 sung is1 9 "s cases1 available4 ,! ,/4 ,gall manuscripts1 z ,gauti] not$1 7 furni%$ ) musical notation4 ,?is is occasionally true ( lat] manuscripts1 especially z we ent] ! clos+ m$ieval c5turies4 ,! traditional melodies ( c]ta9 hymns1 l ! ,salve fe/a dies & ,gloria laus et honor are kn[n to-day4 ,musicologi/s & /ud5ts ( liturgical music are curr5tly engag$ 9 br++ ?is music to pres5t-day k4 ,= example1 ! hymn us$ 9 procession be=e ! read+ ( ! ,gospel appe>s 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies z a conductus or conductum :i*1 9 turn1 is relat$ to ! cantio4#cb ,a conductus = ! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,james ( ,campo/ella 7,a4 ,h4 #ag4 #aii71 illu/rates ! evolution ( a m9or type ( processional hymn f ,h>tmann's solemn v]sus1 m5tion$ above1 to ! fe/ive /yle ( ! late m$ieval p]iod4 ,! rec5t /udy ( ! conductus by ,leon>d ,ell9wood reflects ! gr[+ int]e/ ( musicians 9 ^! =ms1 bo? secul> & religi\s1 :i* prec$$ ! ,r5aissance4#cc ,to summ>ize ! *>act]i/ic m>ks ( ! processional hymn :i* are con/ant & q indep5d5t ( ! date ( _! appe>ance1 ! /ud5t mu/ recall ! und]ly+ motives3 #a7 supplication 9 ! litanies1 #b7 re-enactm5t ( biblical sc5es & #c7 religi\s pilgrimage4 ,respect+ usage1 ! special int]e/ ( a c]emony devot$ to a p>ticul> occasion is pres5t 9 processional hymns1 additional to o!r rites4 ,la/ly1 a gr\p ( hymns has come into exi/5ce1 n to be classifi$ ) ! m =mal categories ( ! (fice hymn & ! sequ5ce b d$icat$ to an extra-liturgical purpose4 ,z a gr\p1 ! processional hymns are n well-kn[n or frequ5tly us$ 9 translation ) ! exception ( ! ageless hymns ( ,!odulphus & especially ( ,=tunatus ^: processionals usurp$ ! m$ieval field = ov] "o ?\s& ye>s & are /ill curr5t to-day4 7,see ,illu/rative ,hymns1 ,,xvii4 ,salve fe/a dies1 8,hail !e1 fe/ival day407 ,,*apt] ,,sev5 ,influ5ce & ,survival ( ,lat9 ,hymns ,i4 ,late ,m$ieval ,influ5ce ,f ! creation ( ! ,lat9 hymn 9 ! f\r? c5tury by ! e>lie/ writ]s to ! ef=ts ( poets h]ald+ ! ,r5aissance1 ,*ri/ian hymnody left its impr9t ^u contempor>y v]se bo? secul> & religi\s4 ,! field ( inquiry sugge/$ by ?is !sis has nev] be5 fully explor$ al?\gh x ab\nds 9 fasc9at+ possibilities = ! /ud5t ( m$ieval culture4 ,! subject1 ( c\rse1 _c be treat$ )9 ! limits ( ?is *apt] b su* h9ts may be (f]$ z h result$ f a p>tial /udy ( p>ticul> areas or fall )9 ! b\nds ( reasonable assumption4 ,p]haps ! mo/ p]vad+ influ5ce & ! simple/ to trace is ! metrical4 ,! iambic dimet] ( ,ambrose1 bo? 9 its quantitative & 9 its rhy?mical =m1 became a /&>d = poetry ( all types1 appe>+ ev5 9 ! mod]n age z ! long met] ( ! metrical v]sions ( ! ,psalms4 ,tro*aic v]se1 initiat$ 9 hymns by ,hil>y1 employ$ mo/ effectively by ,=tunatus & always a favorite1 rivall$ ! iambic 9 ! v]nacul>s4 ,z ! metrical features ( ! ,victor9e sequ5ce became increas+ly popul>1 !y 7 tak5 ov] bodily by secul> poets writ+ bo? 9 ,lat9 & 9 ! mod]n ,european languages4 ,classical met]s fo/]$ by ,prud5tius & lat] by ! ,c>ol+ian poets %[$ less vitality z poetical models4 ,! liturgical hymn & ! sequ5ce are ( prime importance 9 _! metrical aspects b ! met]s ( ! piae cantiones & o!r religi\s lyrics 7 also widely appropriat$4 ,! orig9 ( rhyme is a relat$ problem :i* 9 ! op9ion ( ,w4 ,b4 ,s$gwick 8c5t]s ar\nd ! ,*ri/ian hymn40#a ,num]\s publications by s*ol>s :o1 l ,s$gwick1 h spok5 ) au?ority1 be> witness to ! g5]al l+ui/ic & lit]>y int]e/ atta*+ to ^! subjects ( rese>*4 ,aside f aspects ( met] & rhyme1 m$ieval secul> v]se 9 ,lat9 borr[$ g5]\sly f ! hymn2 witness ! songs ( ! w&]+ s*ol>s z record$ 9 ! collection edit$ "u ! title ,cambridge ,songs & also ! goli>dic poetry ( ! ,c>m9a ,burana4#b ,well-kn[n hymns are frequ5tly p>odi$ &1 9 g5]al1 ! liturgical models are employ$ to create humor\s allusion or pung5t satire4 ,! /ud5t song ,gaudeamus igitur is a famili> illu/ration ( ?is g5]al gr\p4 ,! adaptation ( ! sequ5ce to secul> purposes result$ 9 a novel type ( v]se1 ! modus1 already cit$ 9 connection ) ! orig9 ( ! sequ5ce1 illu/rat$ by ! ,modus florum ( :i* _m examples h be5 pres]v$ v>y+ 9 beauty & poetic conceit4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made 9 an e>li] *apt] to ! deep] problems und]ly+ sequ5ce orig9s on ! poetical side4 ,discussion among s*ol>s z to ! priority ( ! religi\s or secul> ,lat9 lyric is /ill active4#c ,"s w\ld say t popul> ,lat9 v]se arose by virtue ( ! hymnodic influ5ce4 ,o!rs w\ld posit a v]nacul> impulse :i* ev5tuat$ 9 ! ,lat9 lyric bo? secul> & religi\s4#d ,ap>t f ! lyric1 !re are 9 ! g5]al field ( ,lat9 v]se _m resemblances to hymnic models4 ,! l5g?y n>rative poems ( ! ,p]i/ephanon 9 :i* ,prud5tius rec\nt$ ! suff]+s ( ! m>tyrs1 ,/4 ,laur5ce1 ,/4 ,v9c5t1 ,/4 ,agnes1 ,/4 ,eulalia & o!rs1 & celebrat$ _! spiritual victories1 h be5 call$ hymns4 ,x has be5 argu$ t !y 7 actually sung1#e 9 full1 ^u ! fe/ival days ( ! sa9ts 9 "q al?\gh ! praises ( ,/4 ,v9c5t1 = example1 are exp&$ to #egf l9es1 o!r hymns v>y+ f #ff to #aadj l9es4 ,x may h be5 possible 9 ! m leisurely tempo ( m$ieval life to r5d] ! m>tyr hymns ( ,prud5tius 9 _! entirety4 ,a f> m provocative sugge/ion makes !m ! />t+ po9t = ! m$ieval sa9ts' leg5d ( :i* illu/rations exi/ 9 l5g?y ,lat9 poems & lat]1 9 v]nacul> v]se4 ,! contribution ( hymns to ! liturgical drama ( ! ,*ur* has be5 not$ 9 connection ) ! sequ5ce1 ,victimae pas*ali laudes4 ,x is n[h]e cont5d$ t ! hymn creat$ ! drama b t ! dramatic phraseology is (t5 rem9isc5t ( ! hymn & t ! role ( ! s+]s 9 ! s*ola cantorum & ! *oir1 z actors 9 ! liturgical play1 becomes significant 9 connection ) ! hymnic orig9s ( ^! productions )9 ! *ur*4#f ,f9ally1 an int]e/+ gr\p ( ,lat9 poems hav+ an int]relation ) ! hymn is illu/rat$ by ,o ,roma nobilis1 a t5? c5tury lyric prais+ ! apo/les & m>tyrs ( ! ,et]nal ,city 7,a4 ,h4 #ea4 #bai74g ,! transition f ,lat9 to v]nacul> languages took place z soon z ! latt] 7 suffici5tly develop$ to produce ,*ri/ian v]se4 ,! ,gospels 7 r5d]$ into ,g]manic rhym$ v]se 9 ! n9? c5tury by ,otfri$ ! ,frank :o ins]t$ a hymn ( t5 /anzas z a poetic v]sion ( ! op5+ ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,x is writt5 9 sev5-syllable c\plets ) f\r or six to a /anza4#h ,otfri$ is said to h be5 influ5c$ by ,rabanus ,maurus & ) good reason s9ce ! latt] 0 a recogniz$ lead] 9 m$iat+ ,lat9 patri/ic & o!r writ+s to ! ,g]manic _w ( 8 day4 ,otfri$ 0 ! fir/ ( _m m$ieval poets ^: religi\s lyrics 9 ! v]nacul>1 (t5 reveal+ ! inspiration ( ! ,lat9 hymn1 h be5 pres]v$4 ,_! v]se appe>s 9 ,wack]nagel's great collection 9 :i* he has edit$ #addh specim5s f ! "t ( ,otfri$ to t ( ,hans ,sa*s4#i ,celtic *ur*m5 7 pione]s among m$ieval ,lat9 hymni/s1 _! e>lie/ contribution dat+ f ! six? c5tury4 ,religi\s lyrics 9 ! ,celtic tongue mu/ h be5 produc$ & record$ be=e ! ,dani% invasions al?\gh ! de/ruction ( ^! manuscripts delay$ ! compil+ ( new v]nacul> collections until ! elev5? c5tury4 ,! hymn ,hymnum dicat turba fratrum1 writt5 9 tro*aic tetramet]1 & pres]v$ 9 ! ,bangor ,antiphon>y1 to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made 9 ,*apt] ,"o1 app>5tly influ5c$ ! metrical sy/em ( ,celtic poetry4 ,! metrical patt]n us$ by ,otfri$1 a quatra9 ( sev5-syllable l9es ) rhym$ c\plets1 is commonly f\nd4#aj ,lat9 influ5ce is at lea/ t5tatively ackn[l$g$ by s*ol>s 9 ! rhyme & /anza /ructure ( ,celtic poetry prior to ! elev5? c5tury4#aa ,aft] ! creation ( ! ,lat9 sequ5ce1 v]nacul> poetry is ov]:elm+ly affect$ by ?is new type ( hymn4 ,g]manic poets foll[$ ! lead]%ip ( ,notk]4 ,! ,victor9e s*ool1 reject+ ! /rophic sy/em & rhy?mic model ( ! ,g]mans1 built ! c\plet & rhyme1 already exi/+ 9 hymns1 into a *>act]i/ic /ructure :i* prov$ to be easily transf]able to v]nacul> uses4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t ! lyric poetry ( ! ,middle ,ages1 9 ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 ,prov5al & ,engli% 0 reborn 9 ?is conque/ ( ! v]nacul> by ! ,lat9 sequ5ce4#ab ,at ! same "t1 ! possible influ5ce ( ! v]nacul> ov] ! ,lat9 mu/ n be ignor$4 ,!re is a resemblance1 = in/ance1 betwe5 ! n>rative elem5ts ( sequ5ces writt5 9 honor ( sa9ts & ! ballads ( secul> poetry4#ac ,:atev] ! conflict+ curr5ts may h be5 9 ! p]iod ( orig9s1 ! smoo?-fl[+ /ream ( ! v]nacul> religi\s lyric ) its _m tribut>ies1 refre%$ ! _s ( m$ieval man & recall$ to memory 8 religi\s h]itage4 ,! vitality ( ?is new religi\s poetry :i* fl\ri%es 9 ! lat] c5turies1 9 :i* ! ,lat9 hymn suff]$ s m>k$ a det]ioration1 sugge/s t ! future ( ! hymn1 l o!r m$ia ( ,lat9 lit]ature1 0 to be realiz$ 9 a new l+ui/ic environm5t4 ,x 0 n ! v]ity b ! language t 0 de/9$ to *ange4 ,9 ord] to appreciate ! v>iety & int]e/ ( t v]nacul> lyric poetry :i* arose )9 ! sph]e ( influ5ce ( ! ,lat9 hymn1 illu/rations may be cull$ f _m p>ts ( ,europe4 ,m>y-,v]se 9 ,mei/]gesang is ! title *os5 by ,si/] ,m>y ,s*ro$] = h] /udy ( "o aspect ( ! ,g]man lyric4#ad ,a v l>ge proportion1 p]haps two-?irds ( ! songs are religi\s 9 cont5t1 %[+ to a degree1 _! dep5d5ce ^u hymnal poetry1 :ile ne>ly "o-f\r? ( !m are devot$ to ! praise ( ! ,virg94 ,occasionally1 a ,lat9 sequ5ce has be5 freely translat$1 p>aphras$ or elaborat$4 ,! ,sw$i% v]nacul> is repres5t$ by ! patriotic poem ( ,bi%op ,?omas ( ,/rngns1 :o1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 wrote 9 praise ( ! national h]o1 ,engelbrekt4 ,metrical & /anza =m are bo? ( ! hymnal type4#ae ,! ,romance languages af=d myriad examples ( ! sequ5ce =m4 ,/4 ,m>tial1 ne> ,limoges1 already cit$ z a c5t] 9 ! production ( ! sequ5ce1 & ,p>is1 ! home ( ! ,victor9e s*ool1 are bo? places ( orig9 = v]nacul> lyrics4 ,a close connection has be5 trac$ betwe5 ! sequ5ce & ! ,fr5* romantic lyric1 especially ! lai1 a connection amply illu/rat$ & tabulat$ = ! conv5i5ce ( ! /ud5t4#af ,m famili>1 p]haps1 ?an ! lais are ! appeal+ l9es ( ,franois ,villon1 8,dame des cieulx1 reg5te t]ri5ne10 :i* possesses all ! *>m ( ! ,m>ian lyric at its be/4 ,ab\t ! ye> #abgj1 ,alfonso ,x ( ,ca/ile made a collection ( #djj poems 9 ! ,galician-,portuguese dialect1 ! ,cntigas de ,santa ,m>a ar\nd :i* a consid]able lit]ature has gr[n up4 ,all are devotional 9 subject matt]4 ,alfonso ,x 0 a lit]>y patron4 ,ramon ,lull 7c4 #acae7 0 himself a poet :o wrote 9 ! ,catalan tongue al?\gh 8 my/ical writ+s are bett] kn[n ?an 8 poetry4 ,8 ,h\rs ( our ,lady ,/4 ,m>y 0 model$ ^u ! hymn & set to a hymn tune4#ag ,! ,italian poets ( religi\s v]se fl\ri%$ z writ]s bo? 9 ! v]nacul> & 9 ,lat94 ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 7#aaha-abbf71 ^: ,cantico di fratre sole#ah is kn[n & lov$ by c\ntless p]sons 9 our own day1 0 among ! e>lie/ poets ( ! ,laudi spirituali4 ,! orig9 ( ! laudi has be5 trac$ 9 "p to ! ejaculations ( ! flagellants ( nor!rn ,italy :]e b&s ( ^! p5it5ts 7 commonly se5 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,a c5tury e>li]1 religi\s societies ( s+]s1 ! laudi/i1 7 9 exi/5ce 9 ,v5ice & ,flor5ce4 ,arezzo knew su* a gr\p z e>ly z #ajfh4ai ,includ$ among ! kn[n writ]s ( laudi are ,jacopone da ,todi1 7#abcj-acjf71 & ,bianco da ,si5a1 7c4 #acjg71 bo? classifi$ today z writ]s ( hymns4 ,! movem5t repres5t$ by ! laudi/i spread to ,france1 ,g]man-speak+ l&s1 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries & ,pol&4 ,ev]y:]e ! v]nacul> 0 us$ ) popul> unison melodies4 ,z we approa* ! ,r5aissance1 ,flor5ce is /ill conspicu\s = h] au?ors ( ! religi\s v]nacul> lyric1 among !m ,lor5zo di ,m$ici & ,savon>ola1 7#adeb-adih71 bett] kn[n z ! ,flor5t9e prea*] ^: passionate d5unciations ( ! evils ( 8 day br\ght him into conflict ) ! ,*ur* & result$ 9 8 execution4 ,8 ,laude al crucifisso has be5 translat$ 9 "p by ,jane ,f4 ,wilde z a hymn1 8,jesus1 refuge ( ! we>y40 ,! ,engli% religi\s lyrics ( ! ?irte5?1 f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies may be read ) enjoym5t 9 ! collections ( ,c>leton ,br[n ^: appraisem5t ( ?is poetry 0 ! fruit ( great le>n+ & a sympa!tic disc]nm5t ( human values4#bj ,"h ! ,lat9 hymn may be f\nd z x 0 translat$1 adapt$ & imitat$ 9 ,engli% v]se4 ,! ,lat9 sequ5ce1 z x increas$ 9 popul>ity1 0 tak5 ov] by ,engli% poets ) great success4 ,"s ( ^! writ]s :o appropriat$ ! ,lat9 models1 l ,william ,h]eb]t1 ,jacob ,ryman & ,john ,lydgate1 are kn[n to u by "n :ile o!rs are anonym\s4 ,_! poetic !mes are v>i$ b ,m>ian v]se appe>s 9 _m =ms3 hymns1 lam5ts1 & rhym$ petition4 ,incid5tally1 a k ( ! ,lat9 orig9al mu/ be presuppos$ on ! "p ( ! ,engli% laity ( ?is p]iod4 ,*auc] wrote = ! layman :o mu/ h und]/ood 8 use ( ! sequ5ce ,angelus ad ,virg9em 9 ! 8,mill]'s ,tale0 & ! sequ5ce ,alma r$emptoris mat] 9 ! 8,prioress' ,tale40 ,engli% mac>onic v]se be/ reveals ! ,lat9 hymn4 ,ov] & ov] aga91 ,lat9 quotations are us$1 sometimes emb$d$ 9 ! text1 sometimes add$ z refra9s1 an und]/&+ ( :i* is always vital to ! appreciation ( ! poem4 ,! c>ol1 al?\gh extrane\s to true hymnody1 because ( its non-liturgical "* & usage1 0 relat$ to ,lat9 orig9s2 to "s ext5t1 to ! cantio & ! conductus4 ,a =m ( v]nacul> lyric1 ! c>ol (t5 %>es ! mac>onic features :i* 7 common 9 ! bl5d$ phraseology ( ! ,european languages ) ,lat9 9 ?is popul> type ( late m$ieval v]se4 ,x is relevant "h z a religi\s lyric :i* be>s ! unmi/akable m>k ( ! hymnic inh]itance4 ,:atev] is true ( ! ,engli% c>ol is equally true ( ! c>ol 9 o!r l&s4 ,to-day ^! lyrics are ( great int]e/ & ( increas+ usage 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* at l>ge4 ,_! musical & poetic aspects are bo? subjects ( en?usia/ic rese>*4 ,_m p]sons 9 our mod]n society :o h nev] /udi$ ! classical languages are able to s+ ! ,lat9 words & phrases !y conta91 ) und]/&+1 z did _! m$ieval pr$ecessors4 ,,ii4 ,influ5ce & ,survival ( ,lat9 ,hymns s9ce ! ,middle ,ages ,! writ+ ( ,lat9 hymns by no means di$ out ) ! m$ieval era 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! great pre/ige ( ,lat9 /udies fo/]$ by ! ,r5aissance alone w\ld h be5 suffici5t to p]petuate ! practice4 ,! ,*ur*1 too1 0 engag$ 9 a movem5t to /&>dize & improve ! ,lat9ity ( ! brevi>y hymns :i* result$ 9 ! ,tr5t9e cycle z we "k x today4 ,a concurr5t movem5t t[>d uni=mity ( rites appreciably r$uc$ ! numb] ( brevi>ies & ! v>iety ( _! hymns1 b ^? brevi>ies :i* ma9ta9$ an indep5d5t exi/5ce _h _! own complete cycles4 ,su* 7 ! ,cluniac ,brevi>y ( #afhf & ! ,p>is ,brevi>y ( #agcf = :i* new hymns 7 writt5 & sung side by side ) ^? ( m$ieval orig94 ,among po/-,r5aissance poets repres5t$ 9 ^! collections 7 ! ,fr5*m5 ,jean-,bapti/e de ,santuil & 8 bro!rs ,claude & ,bapti/e4 ,fre%ly inspir$ by classical /udies1 ! new hymn writ]s repudiat$ m$ieval rugg$ness & /yli/ic neglect 9 favor ( ! smoo? & f9i%$ ,lat9ity affect$ by contempor>y poets4 ,f ! sub/antial body ( v]se produc$ 9 ^! c5turies1 ,ade/e fideles1 8,o come1 all ye fai?ful10 has prov$ a favorite4 ,sometimes classifi$ z a hymn1 sometimes z a c>ol1 x orig9at$ 9 ! ,engli% colony at ,d\ay ab\t ! ye> #agdj1 f ! p5 ( ,john ,francis ,wade4#ba ,! cont9uity ( ! ,roman ,use1 h[ev]1 0 n di/urb$4 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y _h acquir$ its cycle ( hymns 9 ! processes ( evolution :i* h be5 trac$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s4 ,tr5t9e revisions "u ! guidance ( ,pope ,urban ,,viii1 7#afbc-afdd71 made ) ! highe/ motives b (t5 deplor$ by lat] s*ol>s1 trans=m$ ! m$ieval orig9als into products ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! ,tr5t9e ,brevi>y conta9s _m ( ! f9e/ m$ieval hymns :i*1 al?\gh !y h suff]$ alt]ations1 h c>ri$ ! traditional h]itage into mod]n times4#bb ,by virtue ( its pre/ige & its _w-wide circulation1 ! ,roman ,brevi>y has be5 ! vehicle by :i* ! ,lat9 hymn has p5etrat$ into ! mod]n v]nacul> languages 9 translations4 ,x is a subject ( frequ5t comm5t t ! full treasury ( hymns has n be5 drawn ^u by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* s9ce ! hymns ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y h monopoliz$ ! field4 ,! hi/orical reason = ?is is cle> & also = ! fact t 9 ! ,roman ,missal only five sequ5ces1 ea* ( recogniz$ sup]iority1 h be5 reta9$4 ,! re/riction ( ,lat9 hymns 9 ,roman ,ca?olic liturgical usage to a relatively small numb] all[s c]ta9 exceptions4 ,! ,b5$ict9e & o!r religi\s ord]s use _! own cycle ( brevi>y hymns & pres5t-day ,ca?olic hymnals 9 popul> use (t5 conta9 translations ( hymns & sequ5ces additional to ^? ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y & ,missal4 ,prote/ant ,*ur*es are n limit$ 9 _! selection ( ,lat9 hymns = translation1 mak+ _! *oices f ! entire m$ieval /ore4 ,! revival ( ,lat9 hymns 9 a translat$ =m1 :i* m>k$ ! ,ox=d ,movem5t 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur* 9 ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury1 drew ^u ! ,s>um ,brevi>y z "o native to ,engli% soil & !re=e appropriate to ! ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,t ^! hymns 7 l>gely repres5t$ 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 0 well-kn[n b ! e>li] & unrevis$ texts 7 pref]r$4 ,9 8 function z a translator1 ,john ,mason ,neale 0 preem95tly a lead] 9 ! task ( mak+ kn[n to ! adh]5ts ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& _! h]itage ( hymns4 ,an attempt 0 made at ?is "t to p]petuate n only ! words b ! ,gregorian ,*ant z a suitable musical sett+ = ! v]nacul>4 ,"h ! innovators 7 only p>tly successful & ! *ant1 al?\gh en?usia/ically employ$ at fir/ 0 gradually ab&on$ 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur* z ! sole musical vehicle = ! ,lat9 hymn 9 translation4 ,simil>ly ,lat9 hymns h be5 tak5 ov] into o!r mod]n languages by translators ( ,prote/ant z well z ,ca?olic allegiance4 ,9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies ! influ5ce ( ,lat9 hymn met]s cont9u$ to be felt 9 v]nacul> hymnody4 ,metrical v]sions ( ! ,psalms made by ,isaac ,watts are (t5 illu/rative ( old ,lat9 =ms :i* may also be recogniz$ 9 8 own hymns4 ,?is may n h be5 a consci\s imitation ( ,lat9 orig9als = by ?is "t hymn met]s 7 +ra9$ 9 ,engli% poetry1 b m]ely an indirect reflection1 = example1 ( ! ,ambrosian model4 ,m subtle has be5 ! influ5ce 9 mod]n times ( ! mo/ anci5t canons ( hymnic expression2 objective pres5tation ( scriptural n>rative1 doctr9al emphasis & a c]ta9 joyful au/]ity 9 ! praise ( ,god4 ,dur+ ! ?ree & a half c5turies :i* h pass$ s9ce ! era ( ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation1 ! ,*ri/ian hymn has exp]i5c$ a succession ( lit]>y movem5ts1 reflect+1 = example1 ! _s ( ! ,age ( ,reason & ( ! ,romantic ,era4 ,contempor>y musical evolution has1 9 turn1 be5 vitally important to ! gr[? ( ! hymn z x has be5 mat$ ) ! melodies ( ! ,g5evan ,psalt]1 ! *orales ( ,ba*1 ! musical novelties ( in/rum5tal orig91 ! folk song & latt]ly ! native music ( regions op5 to mission>y ent]prise4 ,?r\gh\t ?is v>i$ exp]i5ce ! /ream ( m$ieval ,lat9 hymnody has cont9u$ its c\rse4 ,z an accompanim5t ( ,roman ,ca?olic wor%ip ?is 0 only to be expect$4 ,! conque/ by ! ,lat9 hymn ( areas beyond ! limits ( ! ,roman ,*ur* is m significant4 ,! mo/ rec5t hymnals ( lead+ ,prote/ant d5om9ations1 to :i* ! ,lat9 hymn 9 translation has made a mode/ b g5u9e contribution1 be> witness to ! ageless "* ( ?is hymnody4 ,mod]n inve/igation ( hymn s\rces1 _! orig9s1 au?or%ip & influ5ce1 has creat$ ! /udy ( docum5t>y hymnology z x is kn[n today4 ,9 ! processes ( ?is inquiry ! m$ieval ,lat9 hymn has be5 inve/$ ) new int]e/ 9 ! m9ds ( a multitude ( wor%ip]s1 bo? ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant1 :o h hi!rto be5 unaw>e (1 or indiff]5t to1 _! common h]itage4 ,illu/rative ,hymns ,i4 ,spl5dor pat]nae gloriae #a4 ,spl5dor pat]nae gloriae1 ,de luce lucem pr(]5s1 ,lux lucis et fons lum9is1 ,dies di]um illum9ans1 #a4 ,o ,spl5dor ( ,god's glory bright1 ,o ,?\ t br+e/ light f light1 ,o ,light ( light1 light's liv+ spr+1 ,o ,day1 all days illum9+2 #b4 ,v]usque sol illab]e1 ,micans nitore p]peti1 ,iub>que sancti ,spiritus ,infunde no/ris s5sibus4 #b4 ,o ,?\ true ,sun1 on u ?y glance ,let fall 9 royal radiance1 ,! ,_s's sanctify+ beam ,^u our e>?ly s5ses /ream4 #c4 ,votis vocemus et ,patrem-- ,patrem p]5nis gloriae1 ,patrem pot5tis gratiae-- ,culpam releget lubricam1 #c4 ,! ,fa!r1 too1 our pray]s implore1 ,fa!r ( glory ev]more1 ,! ,fa!r ( all grace & might1 ,to bani% s9 f our delight3 #d4 ,in=met actus /r5uos1 ,d5tem retundat invidi1 ,casus secundet asp]os1 ,donet g]5di gratiam4 #d4 ,to guide :ate'er we nobly d1 ,) love all envy to subdue1 ,to make all-=tune turn to fair1 ,& give u grace our wrongs to be>4 #e4 ,m5tem gub]net et regat1 ,ca/o fideli corpore2 ,fides calore f]veat1 ,fraudis v55a nesciat4 #e4 ,our m9d be 9 8 keep+ plac$1 ,our body true to him & *a/e1 ,:]e only ,fai? h] fire %all fe$ ,to burn ! t>es ( ,satan's se$4 #f4 ,*ri/usque nobis sit cibus1 ,potusque no/] sit fides2 ,laeti bibamus sobriam ,ebrietatem ,spiritus4 #f4 ,& ,*ri/ to u = food %all be1 ,f him our dr9k t welle? free1 ,! ,_s's w9e1 t make? :ole1 ,& mock+ n1 exalts ! s\l4 #g4 ,laetus dies hic transeat1 ,pudor sit ut diluculum1 ,fides velut m]idies1 ,crepusculum m5s nesciat4 #g4 ,rejoic+ may ?is day g h5ce1 ,l virg9 dawn our innoc5ce4 ,l fi]y noon our fai? appe>1 ,nor "k ! gloom ( twilight dre>4 #h4 ,aurora cursus provehit1 ,aurora totus prodeat1 ,9 ,patre totus ,filius1 ,et totus 9 ,v]bo ,pat]4 #h4 ,morn 9 h] rosy c> is borne2 ,let ,him come =? our p]fect ,morn1 ,! ,^w 9 ,god ! ,fa!r "o1 ,! ,fa!r p]fect 9 ! ,son4 ,tr4 ,rob]t ,bridges1 f ,! ,yatt5don ,hymnal 7edit$ by ,rob]t ,bridges ,h4 ,ellis ,wooldridge7 by p]mission ( ! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d4 ,,ii4 ,vexilla regis prodeunt #a4 ,vexilla regis prodeunt1 ,fulget crucis my/]ium1 ,quo c>ne c>nis conditor ,susp5sus e/ patibulo4 #a4 ,! bann]s ( ! k+ advance1 ,! cross ) my/]y do? flame1 ,& f ! tree ! ,fle% ( fle%1 ,^w ,inc>nate1 hangs 9 %ame4 #b4 ,quo vuln]atus insup] ,mucrone dirae lanceae1 ,ut nos lav>et crim9e1 ,manavit unda1 sangu9e4 #b4 ,! lance's edge ha? pi]c$ ,8 side1 ,o look on ,him t = our good ,cleans$ u ( ! /a9 ( s91 ,wa%$ out ) wat] & ) blood4 #c4 ,inpleta sunt quae conc9it ,david fideli c>m9e1 ,dic5do nationibus3 ,regnavit a ligno ,deus4 #c4 ,n[ is fulfill$ :at 0 =etold ,by ,david 9 prophetic song3 ,susp5d$ f ! rood ,our ,god ,w rule4 ,to ,him %all nations ?rong4 #d4 ,arbor decora et fulgida1 ,ornata regis purpura1 ,electa digno /ipite ,tam sancta membra tang]e4 #d4 ,o glori\s & radiant tree ,9 royal crimson ri*ly deck$1 ,8 sacr$ limbs to t\* & hold ,!e did our ,"l1 fair rood1 elect4 #e4 ,beata1 cuius brac*iis ,pretium pep5dit saeculi4 ,/at]a facta e/ corporis ,pra$am tulitque t>t>i4 #e4 ,?\ bless$ cross ^u ^: arms ,! body ( ! ,savior fell2 ,z ) a balance ?\ did/ weigh ,! ,*ri/ t bore u out ( ,hell4 #f4 ,fundis aroma cortice1 ,v9cis sapore nect>e1 ,iocunda fructu f]tili ,plaudis triumpho nobili4 #f4 ,?y wood is all a sweet p]fume1 ,?\ art l nect> v sweet2 ,rejoic+ 9 ?y fruit ?\ mak'/ ,a p]fect triumph m complete4 #g4 ,salve ara1 salve victima ,de passionis gloria1 ,qua vita mortem p]tulit ,et morte vitam r$didit4 #g4 ,alt> & sacr$ victim1 hail6 ,9 ?y passion is our glory4 ,life f dea? ?\ br+e/ back1 ,life 9 dea? %all be our /ory4 #h4 ,o crux ave1 spes unica1 ,hoc passionis tempore1 ,auge piis iu/itiam1 ,reisque dona v5iam4 #h4 ,hail ?\ cross1 ,o hail ?\ only ,hope t agony may w92 ,to believ]s br+ salvation1 ,take ! s9n] f 8 s96 ,! #h? /anza is a lat] addition4 ,/anza #b omitt$4 ,tr4 ,h[>d ,m4 ,jones 7,all51 ,p4 ,s41 ,! ,romanesque ,lyric4 ,*apel ,hill1 ,un4 ( ,n4 ,c4 ,press1 #aibh1 p4 #adf-g4 ,quot$ by p]mission ( publi%]s47 ,,iii4 ,aet]na ,*ri/i mun]a #a4 ,aet]na ,*ri/i mun]a ,et m>tyrum victorias1 ,laudes f]5tes debitas ,laetis canamus m5tibus4 #a4 ,! et]nal gifts ( ,*ri/ ! ,k+1 ,! ,m>tyrs' glori\s de$s we s+2 ,& :ile due hymns ( praise we pay1 ,our ?ankful he>ts ca/ grief away4 #b4 ,ecclesi>um pr9cipes1 ,belli triumphales duces1 ,caele/is aulae milites1 ,et v]a mundi lum9a2 #b4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ^! h] pr9ces boa/s1 ,^! victor *iefs ( w>rior ho/s2 ,! soldi]s ( ! heav5ly hall1 ,! lights t rose on e>? = all4 #c4 ,t]rore victo saeculi1 ,po5isque spretis corporis1 ,mortis sacrae comp5dio ,vitam beatam possid5t4 #c4 ,! t]rors ( ! _w despis$1 ,! body's torm5ts lightly priz$1 ,by "o brief space ( dea? & pa9 ,life ev]la/+ !y obta94 #d4 ,traduntur igni m>tyres ,et be/i>um d5tibus2 ,armata saevit ungulis ,tortoris insani manus4 #d4 ,to flames ! ,m>tyr ,sa9ts are hail$3 ,by tee? ( savage bea/s assail$2 ,aga9/ !m1 arm$ ) ru?less br& ,& hooks ( /eel1 _! tortur]s /&4 #e4 ,nudata p5d5t visc]a1 ,sanguis sacratus funditur1 ,s$ p]man5t immobiles ,vitae p]5nis gratia4 #e4 ,! mangl$ frame is tortur$ sore1 ,! holy life-drops fre%ly p\r3 ,!y /& unmov$ amid/ ! /rife1 ,by grace ( ev]la/+ life4 #f4 ,devota sanctorum fides1 ,invicta spes cr$5tium1 ,p]fecta ,*ri/i c>itas ,mundi triumphat pr9cipem4 #f4 ',twas ?us ! ye>n+ fai? ( sa9ts1 ,! unconqu]$ hope t nev] fa9ts1 ,! love ( ,*ri/ t kn[s n %ame1 ,! ,pr9ce ( ?is _w ov]came4 #g4 ,9 8 pat]na gloria1 ,9 8 voluntas filii1 ,exultat 9 8 spiritus2 ,caelum repletur gaudiis4 #g4 ,9 ^! ! ,fa!r's glory %one2 ,9 ^! ! w ( ,god ! ,son2 ,9 ^! exults ! ,holy ,gho/2 ,?r\gh ^! rejoice ! heav5ly ho/4 #h4 ,te nunc1 ,r$emptor1 quaesumus1 ,ut ipsorum consortio ,iungas precantes s]vulos ,9 sempit]na saecula4 #h4 ,r$eem]1 he> u ( ?y love1 ,t1 ) ! glori\s b& above1 ,h]eaft]1 ( ?9e endless grace1 ,?y s]vants also may h place4 ,tr4 ,john ,mason ,neale1 ,hymnal ,not$4 ,,iv4 ,nocte surg5tes vigilemus omnes #a4 ,nocte surg5tes1 vigilemus omnes1 ,semp] 9 psalmis m$itemur1 atque ,viribus totis ,dom9o canamus ,dulcit] hymnos4 #a4 ,fa!r1 we praise !e1 n[ ! night is ov]1 ,active & wat*ful1 /& we all be=e !e2 ,s++ we (f] pray] & m$itation3 ,?us we adore !e4 #b4 ,ut pio regi p>it] can5tes ,cum suis sanctis m]eamur aulam ,+r$i caeli1 simul et beatam ,duc]e vitam4 #b4 ,mon>* ( all ?+s1 fit u = ?y mansions2 ,bani% our weakness1 heal? & :ol5ess s5d+2 ,br+ u to heav51 :]e ?y ,sa9ts unit$ ,joy )\t end+4 #c4 ,prae/et hoc nobis ,deitas beata ,patris ac ,nati p>it]que sancti ,spiritus1 cuius reboatur omni ,gloria mundo4 #c4 ,all-holy ,fa!r1 ,son & equal ,_s1 ,tr9ity bless$1 s5d u ?y salvation2 ,?9e is ! glory1 gleam+ & res\nd+ ,?r\gh all creation4 ,tr4 ,p]cy ,de>m]1 f ,! ,engli% ,hymnal by p]mission ( ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press4 ,v4 ,alleluia #a4 ,alleluia piis edite laudibus1 ,cives ae!rei1 psallite navit] ,alleluia p]5ne4 #a4 ,s+ alleluia =? 9 dute\s praise1 ,ye citiz5s ( heav'n2 ,o sweetly raise ,an endless alleluia4 #b4 ,h9c vos p]petui lum9is accola1 ,assumet resonans hymnif]is *oris1 ,alleluia p]5ne4 #b4 ,ye p[]s :o /& be=e ?' ,et]nal ,light1 ,9 hymn+ *oirs re-e*o to ! height ,an endless alleluia4 #c4 ,vos urbs eximia suscipiet ,dei1 ,quae laetis resonans cantibus excitat ,alleluia p]5ne4 #c4 ,! ,holy ,city %all take up y\r /ra91 ,& ) glad songs res\nd+ wake aga9 ,an endless alleluia4 #d4 ,felici r$itu gaudia sumite ,r$d5tes ,dom9o glorificos melos1 ,alleluia p]5ne4 #d4 ,9 blissful antiphons ye ?us rejoice ,to r5d] to ! ,"l ) ?ankful voice ,an endless alleluia4 #e4 ,almum sid]eae iam patriae decus ,victores capitis1 quo canor e/ iugis ,alleluia p]5ne4 #e4 ,ye :o h ga9$ at l5g? y\r palms 9 bliss1 ,victori\s ones1 y\r *ant %all /ill be ?is1 ,an endless alleluia4 #f4 ,illic regis honor vocibus inclitis ,iucunda reboat c>m9a p]petim ,alleluia p]5ne4 #f4 ,!re1 9 "o glad acclaim1 =ev] r+ ,! /ra9s :i* tell ! hon\r ( y\r k+1 ,an endless alleluia4 ,/anzas #g1 #h1 #i omitt$4 ,tr4 ,john ,ell]ton ,,vi4 ,sancti v5ite #a4 ,sancti v5ite1 ,*ri/i corpus sumite1 ,sanctum bib5tes1 quo r$empti sangu9em4 #a4 ,draw nigh1 & take ! ,body ( ! ,"l1 ,& dr9k ! ,holy ,blood = y outp\r$4 #b4 ,salvati ,*ri/i corpore et sangu9e1 ,a quo refecti laudes dicamus ,deo4 #b4 ,sav$ by t ,body1 hall[$ by t ,blood1 ,:]eby refre%$1 we r5d] ?anks to ,god4 #c4 ,hoc sacram5to corporis et sangu9is ,omnes exuti ab inf]ni faucibus4 #c4 ,salvation's ,giv]1 ,*ri/ ! ,only ,son2 ,by t ,8 ,cross & ,blood ! victory won4 #d4 ,dator salutis1 ,*ri/us filius ,dei1 ,mundum salvavit p] crucem et sangu9em4 #d4 ,(f]$ 0 ,he = greate/ & = lea/3 ,himself ! ,victim1 & ,himself ! ,prie/4 #e4 ,pro univ]sis immolatus ,dom9us ,ipse sac]dos ex/itit et ho/ia4 #e4 ,victims 7 (f]$ by ! ,law ( old1 ,t1 9 a type1 cele/ial my/]ies told4 #f4 ,lege praeceptum immol>i ho/ias1 ,qua adumbrantur div9a my/]ia4 #f4 ,he1 ,ransom] f dea? & ,light f %ade1 ,give? ,8 holy grace ,8 ,sa9ts to aid4 #g4 ,lucis indultor et salvator omnium ,praecl>am sanctis l>gitus e/ gratiam4 #g4 ,approa* ye !n ) fai?ful he>ts s9c]e1 ,& take ! safegu>d ( salvation "h4 #h4 ,acc$ant omnes pura m5te cr$uli1 ,sumant aet]nam salutis cu/odiam4 #h4 ,he ,t 9 ?is _w rules ,8 ,sa9ts1 & %ields1 ,to all believ]s ,life ,et]nal yields3 #i4 ,sanctorum cu/os1 rector quoque1 ,dom9us1 ,vitae p]5nis l>gitor cr$5tibus4 #i4 ,) ,heav5ly ,bread makes !m t hung] :ole2 ,gives ,liv+ ,wat]s to ! ?ir/y s\l4 #aj4 ,caele/em panem dat esuri5tibus1 ,de fonte vivo praebet siti5tibus4 #aa4 ,alpha et omega ipse ,*ri/us ,dom9us ,v5it1 v5turus iudic>e hom9es4 #aj4 ,alpha & ,omega1 to ,:om %all b[ ,all nations at ! ,doom1 is ) u n[4 ,tr4 ,john ,mason ,neale1 ,m$iaeval ,hymns & ,sequ5ces1 ,london4 ,ma/]s1 #ahfg1 p4 #ac4 ,neale omits ,lat9 /anza #c4 ,,vii4 ,ave m>is /ella #a4 ,ave m>is /ella1 ,dei mat] alma ,atque semp] virgo1 ,felix caeli porta4 #a4 ,hail1 ,sea-/> we "n !e1 ,ev]-maid acclaim !e1 ,god ,8 ,"m1 ,portal ,to ! life immortal4 #b4 ,sum5s illud ,ave ,gabrielis ore ,funda nos 9 pace1 ,mutans nom5 ,evae4 #b4 ,ave 0 ! tok5 ,by ! ,angel spok53 ,peace on e>? x telle?1 ,eva's "n re-spelle?4 #c4 ,solve v9cla reis1 ,pr(] lum5 caecis1 ,mala no/ra pelle1 ,bona cuncta posce4 #c4 ,free ! worldly-m9d$ ,lum9ate ! bl9d$1 ,e ill repress+1 ,w9 u e bless+4 #d4 ,mon/ra te esse matrem1 ,sumat p] te preces1 ,qui pro nobis natus ,tulit esse tuus4 #d4 ,plead1 & play ! ,"m6 ,he w1 & no o!r1 ,born = our salvation1 ,he> ?y supplication4 #e4 ,virgo s+ul>is1 ,int] omnes mitis1 ,nos culpis solutos ,mites fac et ca/os4 #e4 ,maid5 meek & l[ly1 ,s+ul>ly holy1 ,loose ! s9s t *a9 u2 ,sanctify1 su/a9 u4 #f4 ,vitam prae/a puram1 ,it] p>a tutum1 ,ut vid5tes ,iesum ,semp] collaetemur4 #f4 ,help u live 9 pur5ess1 ,smoo? our way ) sur5ess1 ,till we also eye ,!e1 ,jesu1 ev] nigh ,!e4 #g4 ,sit laus ,deo ,patri1 ,summo ,*ri/o decus1 ,spiritui ,sancto3 ,tribus honor unus4 #g4 ,doxology4 ,tr4 ,g4 ,r4 ,woodw>d ,,viii4 ,ut queant laxis reson>e fibris 7,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/7 #a4 ,ut queant laxis reson>e fibris ,mira ge/orum famuli tuorum1 ,solve polluti labii reatum1 ,sancte ,ioannes4 #a4 ,9 fl[+ measures wor?ily to s+ ,! wond]s :i* ( old by !e 7 done1 ,to lips unclean let ,heav5 remission br+1 ,o ,holy ,john6 #b4 ,nuntius celso v5i5s ,olympo1 ,te patri magnum =e nasciturum1 ,nom5 et vitae s]iem g]5dae ,ord9e promit4 #b4 ,f highe/ ,heav5 a h]ald s5t to e>? ,?y future greatness to ?y fa!r told2 ,?y "n & life 9 ord] f ?y bir? ,entire unroll$4 #c4 ,ille promissi dubius sup]ni1 ,p]didit promptae modulos loquelae1 ,s$ re=ma/i g5itus p]emptae ,organa vocis4 #c4 ,yet d\bt+ ( ! promise ( 8 ,"l ,8 palsi$ tongue ( language lo/ ! p[]2 ,by !e 0 all 8 falt]+ spee* re/or$ ,?y natal h\r4 #d4 ,v5tris obtruso recubans cubili1 ,s5s]as regem ?alamo man5tem1 ,h9c p>5s nati m]itis ut]que ,abdita p&it4 #d4 ,?\ did/ )9 ! n>r[ womb disc]n ,! ,k+ 9 t 8 *amb] lie conceal$2 ,ea* p>5t h] ,son's dignity 9 turn ,to ea* reveal$4 #e4 ,sit decus ,patri1 g5itaeque ,proli1 ,et tibi1 comp> utriusque virtus1 ,spiritus semp]1 ,deus unus1 omni ,temporis aevo4 #e4 ,n[ :il/ ,heav5's citiz5s proclaim ?y praise ,god ev] ,"o & yet coequal ,?ree ,= p>don we our suppliant voices raise ,r$eem$ by ,!e6 ,tr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,*amb]s4 ,/anzas #f-ac omitt$4 ,,ix4 ,v5i creator spiritus #a4 ,v5i creator ,spiritus ,m5tes tuorum visita1 ,imple sup]na gratia1 ,quae tu crea/i pectora4 #a4 ,creator-_s1 all-,div9e1 ,come1 visit e s\l ( ?9e1 ,& fill ) ?y cele/ial flame ,! he>ts :i* ?\ ?yself did/ frame4 #b4 ,qui ,p>aclitus dic]is1 ,donum ,dei altissimi1 ,fons vivus1 ignis1 c>itas1 ,et spiritalis unctio4 #b4 ,o gift ( ,god1 ?9e is ! sweet ,consol+ "n ( ,p>aclete-- ,& spr+ ( life & fire & love ,& unction fl[+ f above4 #c4 ,tu septi=mis mun]e1 ,dextrae ,dei tu digitus1 ,tu rite promisso ,patris ,s]mone ditas guttura4 #c4 ,! my/ic sev5fold gifts are ?9e1 ,f+] ( ,god's "r h& div9e2 ,! ,fa!r's promise s5t to tea* ,! tongue a ri* & heav5ly spee*4 #d4 ,acc5de lum5 s5sibus1 ,infunde amorem cordibus1 ,infirma no/ri corporis ,virtute firmans p]peti4 #d4 ,k9dle ) fire br\ght f above ,ea* s5se1 & fill our he>ts ) love2 ,& grant our fle%1 s weak & frail1 ,! /r5g? ( ?9e :i* _c fail4 #e4 ,ho/em repellas longius1 ,pacemque dones prot9us1 ,ductore sic te praevio ,vitemus omne noxium4 #e4 ,drive f> away our deadly foe1 ,& grant u ?y true peace to "k2 ,s we1 l$ by ?y guidance /ill1 ,may safely pass ?r\gh e ill4 #f4 ,da gaudiorum praemia1 ,da grati>um mun]a1 ,dissolve litis v9cula1 ,ad/r+e pacis fo$]a4 #f4 ,to u1 ?r\gh ,!e1 ! grace be %[n ,to "k ! ,fa!r & ! ,son2 ,& ,_s ( !m bo?1 may we ,=ev] re/ our fai? 9 ,!e4 #g4 ,p] te sciamus1 da1 ,patrem1 ,noscamus atque ,filium1 ,te utriusque ,spiritum ,cr$amus omni tempore4 #g4 ,to ,sire & ,son be praises meet1 ,& to ! ,holy ,p>aclete2 ,& may ,*ri/ s5d u f above ,t ,holy ,_s's gift ( love4 #h4 ,sit laus ,patri cum ,filio1 ,sancto simul ,p>aclito1 ,nobisque mittat ,filius ,*>isma sancti ,spiritus4 ,tr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,aylw>d ,x4 ,deus imm5sa tr9itas 7,moz>abic1 ,common ( ,sa9ts7 #a4 ,deus1 imm5sa tr9itas1 ,unita semp] gloria1 ,pat]1 ,*ri/e1 ,p>aclite1 ,r]um invicte ,dom9e4 #a4 ,o glori\s imm5sity ,& "o et]nal ,tr9ity1 ,fa!r & ,com=t] & ,^w1 ,( all t is1 unconqu]$ ,"l1 #b4 ,qui l>gitatem mun]is ,quo prae/a/i m>tyri1 ,cuius fe/a votissima1 ,quam celebramus hodie4 #b4 ,! sa9t = :om our *ants ( praise ,cons5t+ on ?is fea/ we raise1 ,) pr9cely gu]dons ?\ did/ bless3 ,?y cr[n1 ?y palm1 ?y happ9ess4 #c4 ,torm5ta qui saevissima ,ac v>ia supplicia ,victrice tua dext]a ,m5te robu/a p]tulit4 #c4 ,9 tortures1 great & cruel pa9 ,?\ did/ ) ?y "r h& su/a9 ,?y s]vant1 :o ) /eadfa/ he>t ,bore ! torm5tor's e art4 #d4 ,huius1 adcl9es1 ,dom9e1 ,te deprecamur1 precibus1 ,ae!rea consortia1 ,celsa dona fa/igia4 #d4 ,?y graci\s e>1 ,o ,*ri/ div9e1 ,unto ?y s]vant's pray] incl9e1 ,to :om ?y faire/ gifts are giv5 ,)9 ! graci\s halls ( heav54 #e4 ,qui pr9ceps esse pr9cipum ,rex my/icus agnosc]is1 ,agnita no/ra crim9a ,l>ge dele clem5tia4 #e4 ,!e ,pr9ce ( ,pr9ces1 we proclaim1 ,! ,k+ t be>s ! my/ic "n3 ,blot out 9 ?y great love1 we pray1 ,! s9s t m> ?is holy day4 #f4 ,adv5tus ut cum fulgidus ,tuus1 ,*ri/e1 patu]it1 ,tuo ducante m>tyre ,laeti p]gamus obviam4 #f4 ,t s :5 ,?\ %alt come aga91 ,o ,*ri/1 9 light1 on e>? to reign1 ,l$ by ?y m>tyr1 we may d>e ,to rise to meet !e 9 ! air4 #g4 7add$7 ,deo ,patri sit gloria ,eiusque soli ,filio ,cum ,spiritu ,p>aclito ,et nunc et omne saeculum4 #g4 7add$7 ,to ,god ! ,fa!r glory be1 ,& ,god ! ,son et]nally1 ,) ,god ! ,holy ,p>aclete ,?r\gh endless ages1 z is meet4 ,tr4 ,alan ,g4 ,mcd\gall 7,pange ,l+ua etc41 ,burns1 ,oates ,wa%b\rne1 ,london1 #aiaf4 p4 #ga4 ,quot$ by p]mission ( publi%]s47 ,,xi4 ,sancti spiritus assit nobis gratia #a4 ,sancti spiritus assit nobis gratia1 #a4 ,! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/ be pres5t ) u2 #b4 ,quae corda no/ra sibi faciat habitaculum #b4 ,& make our he>ts a dwell+ place to itself2 #c4 ,expulsis inde cunctis vitiis spiritalibus4 #c4 ,& expel f !m all spiritual wick$ness4 #d4 ,spiritus alme1 illu/rator hom9um1 #d4 ,m]ciful ,_s1 ,illum9ator ( m51 #e4 ,horridas no/rae m5tis purga t5ebras4 #e4 ,purge ! fe>ful %ades ( our m9d4 #f4 ,amator sancte s5satorum semp] cogitatuum1 #f4 ,o holy ,lov] ( ?\ghts t are ev] wise1 #g4 ,infunde unctionem tuam clem5s no/ris s5sibus4 #g4 ,( ,?y m]cy p\r =? ,?9e ,ano9t+ into our s5ses4 #h4 ,tu purificator omnium flagitiorum spiritus1 #h4 ,?\ purifi] ( all iniquities1 ,o ,_s1 #i4 ,purifica no/ri oculum int]ioris hom9is1 #i4 ,purify ! eye ( our inn] man1 #aj4 ,ut vid]i supremus g5itor possit a nobis1 #aj4 ,to ! end t ! ,fa!r ( all ?+s may be se5 by u1 #aa4 ,mundi cordis quem soli c]n]e possunt oculi4 #aa4 ,he1 ,:om ! eyes ( none save ! pure 9 he>t c behold4 #ab4 ,prophetas tu inspira/i1 ut praeconia ,*ri/i praec9uiss5t inclita2 #ab4 ,?\ did/ inspire ! ,prophets to *ant a=eh& _! glori\s h]ald+ ( ,*ri/4 #ac4 ,apo/olos con=ta/i1 uti tropaeum ,*ri/i p] totum mundum veh]5t4 #ac4 ,?\ did/ confirm ! ,apo/les1 s t !y %all be> ,*ri/'s glori\s trophy ?r\gh ! :ole _w4 #ad4 ,qu&o ma*9am p] v]bum suum fecit ,deus caeli1 t]rae1 m>ium1 #ad4 ,:5 by ,8 ,^w1 ,god made ! sy/em ( heav51 e>?1 seas1 #ae4 ,tu sup] aquas foturus eas num5 tuum exp&i/i1 spiritus4 #ae4 ,?\ did/ /ret* out ,?y ,godhead ov] ! wat]s1 & did/ *]i% !m1 ,o ,_s6 #af4 ,tu animabus vivific&is aquas fecundas2 #af4 ,?\ did/ give virtue to ! wat]s to quick5 s\ls2 #ag4 ,tu aspir&o das spiritales esse hom9es4 #ag4 ,?\1 by ,?9e ,inspiration1 grante/ to m5 to be spiritual4 #ah4 ,tu divisum p] l+uas mundum et ritus aduna/i1 ,dom9e2 #ah4 ,?\ did/ unite ! _w1 divid$ into tongues & rites1 ,o ,"l6 #ai4 ,idolatras ad cultum ,dei revocas1 magi/rorum optime4 #ai4 ,?\ recalle/ idolat]s to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 be/ ( ,ma/]s6 #bj4 ,ergo nos supplicantes tibi exaudi propitius1 sancte spiritus1 #bj4 ,:]e=e ( ,?y m]cy he> u :o call ^u ,!e1 ,holy ,gho/3 #ba4 ,s9e quo preces omnes cassae cr$untur et indignae ,dei auribus4 #ba4 ,)\t ,:om1 z ! fai? tea*es1 all our pray]s are 9 va91 & unwor?y ( ! e>s ( ,god1 #bb4 ,tu1 qui omnium saeculorum sanctos ,tui num9is docui/i in/9ctu amplect5do1 spiritus1 #bb4 ,?\1 ,o ,_s1 :o by embrac+ ! ,sa9ts ( all ages1 do/ tea* !m by ! impulse ( ,?y ,div9ity2 #bc4 ,ipse hodie apo/olos ,*ri/i donans mun]e insolito et cunctis inaudito saeculis #bc4 ,?yself1 by be/[+ ^u ! ,apo/les ( ,*ri/ a gift immortal1 & unhe>d ( f all ages1 #bd4 ,hunc diem gloriosum feci/i4 #bd4 ,ha/ made ?is day glori\s4 ,tr4 ,john ,mason ,neale1 ,m$iaeval ,hymns & ,sequ5ces1 ,london4 ,ma/]s1 #ahfg1 p4 #bi4 ,,xii4 ,cantemus cuncti melodum nunc ,alleluia #a4 ,cantemus cuncti melodum nunc1 ,alleluia4 #a4 ,! /ra9 upraise ( joy & praise1 ,alleluia4 #b4 ,9 laudibus aet]ni regis haec plebs resultet ,alleluia4 #b4 ,to ! glory ( _! ,k+ ,%all ! ransom$ p s+ ,alleluia4 #c4 ,hoc d5ique caele/es *ori cantant 9 altum ,alleluia4 #c4 ,& ! ,*oirs t dwell on high ,%all re-e*o ?r\gh ! sky ,alleluia4 #d4 ,hoc beatorum p] prata p>adisiaca psallat conc5tus ,alleluia4 #d4 ,!y ?r\gh ! fields ( ,p>adise t roam1 ,! bless$ ones1 repeat t bright home ,alleluia4 #e4 ,qu9 et a/rorum micantia lum9>ia iubilant altum ,alleluia4 #e4 ,! planets glitt'r+ on _! heav5ly way1 ,! %9+ con/ellations1 jo91 & say ,alleluia4 #f4 ,nubium cursus1 v5torum volatus1 fulgurum coruscatio et tonitruum sonitus dulce conson5t simul ,alleluia4 #f4 ,ye cl\ds t onw>d sweep6 ,ye w9ds on p9ions light6 ,ye ?und]s1 e*o+ l\d & deep6 ,ye lightn+s1 wildly bright6 ,9 sweet cons5t unite y\r ,alleluia4 #g4 ,fluctus et undae1 imb] et procellae1 tempe/as et s]5itas1 cauma1 gelu1 nix1 pru9ae1 saltus1 nemora pangant ,alleluia4 #g4 ,ye floods & ocean bill[s6 ,ye /orms & w9t] sn[6 ,ye days ( cl\dless beauty6 ,ho> fro/ & summ] gl[6 ,ye groves t wave 9 spr+1 ,& glori\s =e/s1 s+ ,alleluia4 #h4 ,h9c1 v>iae volucres1 creatorem laudibus conc9ite cum ,alleluia4 #h4 ,fir/ let ! birds1 ) pa9t$ plummage gay1 ,exalt _! great ,creator's praise1 & say ,alleluia4 #i4 ,a/ ill9c respondeant voces altae div]s>um be/i>um ,alleluia4 #i4 ,!n let ! bea/s ( e>?1 ) v>y+ /ra91 ,jo9 9 ,creation's ,hymn1 & cry aga9 ,alleluia4 #aj4 ,i/9c montium celsi v]tices son5t ,alleluia4 #aj4 ,"h let ! m\nta9s ?und] =?1 sonor\s1 ,alleluia ,!re let ! valleys s+ 9 g5tl] *orus1 ,alleluia4 #aa4 ,ill9c vallium pr(unditates salt5t ,alleluia4 #aa4 ,?\ jubilant abyss ( ocean1 cry ,alleluia4 ,ye tracts ( e>? & cont95ts1 reply ,alleluia4 #ab4 ,tu quoque1 m>is iubilans abysse1 dic ,alleluia4 #ab4 ,to ,god1 ,:o all ,creation made1 ,! frequ5t hymn be duly paid3 ,alleluia4 #ac4 ,necnon t]r>um molis imm5sitates3 ,alleluia4 #ac4 ,?is is ! /ra91 ! et]nal /ra91 ! ,"l ( all ?+s loves3 ,alleluia4 ,?is is ! song1 ! heav'nly song1 t ,*ri/ ,himself approves3 ,alleluia4 #ad4 ,nunc omne g5us humanum laudans exsultet ,alleluia4 #ad4 ,:]e=e we s+1 bo? he>t & voice awak+1 ,alleluia4 ,& *ildr5's voices e*o1 answ] mak+1 ,alleluia4 #ae4 ,et creatori grates frequ5tans consonet ,alleluia4 #ae4 ,n[ f all m5 be outp\r'd ,alleluia to ! ,"l2 ,) ,alleluia ev]more ,! ,son & ,_s we adore4 #af4 ,hoc d5ique nom5 audire iugit] delectatur ,alleluia4 #af4 ,praise be done to ,?ree 9 ,"o4 ,alleluia6 ,alleluia6 ,alleluia6 ,alleluia6 #ag4 ,hoc etiam c>m5 caele/e comprobat ipse ,*ri/us ,alleluia4 #ah4 ,nunc vos1 ,o socii1 cantate laetantes ,alleluia4 #ai4 ,et vos1 pu]uli1 respondete semp] ,alleluia4 #bj4 ,nunc omnes canite simul ,alleluia ,dom9o1 ,alleluia ,*ri/o ,pneumatique ,alleluia4 #ba4 ,laus tr9itati aet]nae3 ,alleluia1 ,alleluia1 ,alleluia1 ,alleluia1 ,alleluia1 ,alleluia4 ,tr4 ,john ,mason ,neale1 ,m$iaeval ,hymns & ,sequ5ces1 ,london4 ,ma/]s1 #ahfg1 p4 #dc4 ,/anzas #aj-ac translate ,lat9 #aj-ba4 ,,xiii4 ,h]i mundus exultavit #a4 ,h]i mundus exultavit1 ,et exultans celebravit ,*ri/i natalitia3 ,h]i *orus angelorum ,prosecutus e/ caelorum ,regem cum laetitia4 #a4 ,ye/]day1 ) exultation ,jo9$ ! _w 9 celebration ,( h] promis'd ,savi\r's bir?2 ,ye/]day ! ,angel nation ,p\r'd ! /ra9s ( jubilation ,o'er ! ,mon>* born on e>?4 #b4 ,protom>tyr et ,levita1 ,cl>us fide1 cl>us vita1 ,cl>us et miraculis1 ,sub hac luce triumphavit1 ,et triumphans insultavit ,/ephanus incr$ulis4 #b4 ,b to-day1 o'er dea? victori\s1 ,by ,8 fai? & actions glori\s1 ,by ,8 miracles r5[n'd1 ,d>$ ! ,deacon ,protom>tyr ,e>?ly life = ,heav'n to b>t]1 ,fai?ful mid/ ! fai?less f\nd4 #c4 ,fremunt ergo tanquam f]ae1 ,quia victi defec]e ,lucis victi adv]s>ii3 ,falsos te/es /atuunt1 ,et l+uas exacuunt ,vip]>um filii4 #c4 ,9 a hopeless /rife engag+1 ,!y l savage bea/s are rag+1 ,adv]s>ies ( ! light2 ,false ! witnesses !y set2 ,tongues l swords ! rabble :et1 ,vip] brood ( d>ke/ night4 #d4 ,agoni/a1 nulli c$e2 ,c]ta c]tus de m]c$e1 ,p]s]v]a1 ,/ephane3 ,in/a falsis te/ibus1 ,confuta s]monibus ,synagogam ,satanae4 #d4 ,=w>d1 *ampion1 9 ?y qu>rel6 ,c]ta9 ( a c]ta9 laurel1 ,holy ,/eph51 p]sev]e6 ,p]jur'd witnesses conf\nd+ ,satan's ,synagogue a/\nd+ ,by ?y doctr9e true & cle>4 #e4 ,te/is tuus e/ 9 caelis1 ,te/is v]ax et fidelis1 ,te/is innoc5tiae4 ,nom5 habes coronati1 ,te torm5ta decet pati ,pro corona gloriae4 #e4 ,lo6 9 ,heav5 ?y ,witness live?3 ,bright & fai?ful pro( ,he give? ,( ,8 ,m>tyr's blamelessness3 ,?\ by "n a ,cr[n implie/2 ,meetly !n 9 pangs ?\ die/ ,= ! ,cr[n ( ,righte\sness6 #f4 ,pro corona non m>c5ti ,p]f] brevis vim torm5ti1 ,te manet victoria4 ,tibi fiet mors1 natalis1 ,tibi po5a t]m9alis ,dat vitae primordia4 #f4 ,= a cr[n t fade? nev]1 ,be> ! tortur]'s brief endeav\r2 ,victory waits to end ! /rife3 ,dea? %all be ?y bir?'s beg9n+1 ,& life's los+ be ! w9n+ ,( ! true & bett] ,life4 #g4 ,pl5us ,sancto ,spiritu ,p5etrat intuitu ,/ephanus caele/ia4 ,vid5s ,dei gloriam ,crescit ad victoriam1 ,suspirat ad praemia4 #g4 ,:om ! ,holy ,gho/ endue?1 ,:om cele/ial sight embue?1 ,/eph5 p5etrates ! skies2 ,!re ,god's fulle/ glory view+ ,!re 8 victor /r5g? r5ew+ ,= 8 ne> rew>d he sighs4 #h4 ,en a dextris ,dei /antem ,iesum1 pro te dimicantem1 ,/ephane1 consid]a4 ,tibi caelos res]>i1 ,tibi ,*ri/um revel>i ,clama voce lib]a4 #h4 ,see1 z ,jewi% foes invade !e1 ,see h[ ,jesus /&s to aid !e6 ,/&s to gu>d ,8 *ampion's dea?3 ,cry t op5$ ,heav5 is %[n !e3 ,cry t ,jesus waits to own !e3 ,cry x ) ?y late/ brea?6 #i4 ,se comm5dat ,salvatori1 ,pro quo dulce ducit mori ,sub ipsis lapidibus4 ,saulus s]vat omnium ,ve/es lapidantium1 ,lapidans 9 omnibus4 #i4 ,on 8 ,savi\r's aid rely+1 ,sweet to him ! pa9 ( dy+1 ',nea? ! fe>ful ra9 ( /one3 ,paul amid/ ! /on+ ?rong1 ,gu>d+ g>m5ts1 makes ! wrong ,( ! angry ,jews 8 own4 #aj4 ,ne peccatum /atuatur ,81 a quibus lapidatur1 ,g5u ponit et precatur1 ,condol5s insaniae3 ,9 ,*ri/o sic obdormivit1 ,qui ,*ri/o sic ob$ivit1 ,et cum ,*ri/o semp] vivit1 ,m>tyrum primitiae4 #aj4 ,z ! dy+ ,m>tyr kneele?1 ,= 8 murd]]s he appeale?1 ,& 8 pray] _! p>don seale?1 ,= _! madness griev+ sore2 ,!n 9 ,*ri/ he sleepe? sweetly1 ,:o ,8 patt]n kept completely1 ,m>tyr fir/-fruits1 ev]more6 ,tr4 ,john ,mason ,neale1 ,m$iaeval ,hymns & ,sequ5ces1 ,london4 ,ma/]s1 #ahfg1 p4 #acd4 ,/4 #c1 tr4 ,/eph5 ,a4 ,hurlbut4 ,quot$ by p]mission ( au?or4 ,/anzas #aa1 #ab omitt$4 ,,xiv4 ,ad p]5nis vitae fontem #a4 ,ad p]5nis vitae fontem m5s sitivit arida2 ,clau/ra c>nis prae/o frangi clausa qua]it anima3 ,gliscit1 ambit1 eluctatur exul frui patria4 #a4 ,to ! f\nt ( life et]nal cries ! s\l ) long+ ?ir/1 ,& ! _s1 fle%-imprison$1 seeks ! b>s ( fle% to bur/2 ,/rives to ga9 t heav5ly c\ntry1 exil$ n[ & s9-accur/4 #b4 ,dum pressuris ac a]umnis se gemit obnoxiam1 ,quam amisit1 dum deliquit1 contemplatur gloriam1 ,praes5s malum auget boni p]diti memoriam4 #b4 ,sore beset ) c>e & dang]1 groans ! _s = release1 ,/ill beholds1 ?\gh lo/ 9 ,ed51 glory =feit$ & peace2 ,=m] good1 9 memory dwell+1 do? ! pres5t ill increase4 #c4 ,nam quis promat summae pacis quanta sit laetitia1 ,ubi vivis m>g>itis surgunt a$ificia1 ,auro celsa micant tecta1 radiant tricl9ia8 #c4 ,:o c tell h[ great ! joy ( t ,peace surpass+ all1 ,:]e ( liv+ pe>ls con/ruct$ rise ! /ately build+s tall1 ,:]e ) gold ! ro(tree glitt]s1 %9es ) gold ! banquet-hall4 #d4 ,solis gemmis pretiosis haec /ructura nectitur2 ,auro mundo1 tamquam vitro1 urbis via /]nitur2 ,abe/ limus1 dee/ fimus1 lues nulla c]nitur4 #d4 ,all ( preci\s /ones compact$ rise ^? /ructures ( delight2 ,pure/ gold z cry/al %9+ paves ! heav5ly city bright2 ,nev] mire nor fil? defil+ /a9s ! /reets ( radiant light4 #e4 ,hiems horr5s1 ae/as torr5s illic numquam saeviunt2 ,flos p]petuus ros>um v] agit p]petuum2 ,c&5t lilia1 rubescit crocus1 sudat balsamum4 #e4 ,*ill+ w9t]1 burn+ summ]1 nei!r rages 9 t l&1 ,b ! crimson bloom ( roses do? an endless spr+ dem&2 ,:ite ! lilies1 r$ ! crocus1 fragrant do? ! balsam /&4 #f4 ,vir5t prata1 v]nant sata1 rivi mellis influunt2 ,pigm5torum spirat odor1 liquor et aromatum2 ,p5d5t poma floridorum non lapsura nemorum4 #f4 ,gre5 ! pa/ures1 fl[]-bespr9kl$1 f$ by /reams ) honey fill$2 ,all ! air is sweet ) inc5se f ! odor\s h]bs di/ill$2 ,nev] fails ! rip5$ fruitage1 nor is bloom by w9t] *ill$4 #g4 ,non alt]nat luna vices1 sol1 vel cursus sid]um2 ,agnus e/ felicis urbis lum5 inocciduum2 ,nox et tempus desunt ei1 diem f]t cont9uum4 #g4 ,waxe? n ! moon nor wane?1 ne$ n sun or />s to be1 ,b ! ,lamb 9 t ble/ city %9es a ,sun et]nally2 ,!re ! daylight is unbrok51 night & "t h ceas$ to be4 #h4 ,nam et sancti quique velut sol praecl>us rutilant2 ,po/ triumphum coronati mutuo coniubilant1 ,et pro/rati pugnas ho/is iam securi num]ant4 #h4 ,%9e ! bless$ ) a spl5dor l ! spl5dor ( ! sun2 ,cr[n$ 9 triumph /& !y s++ t ! race ( life is run2 ,n[ secure1 !y c\nt ! glories ( ! conte/ !y h won4 #i4 ,omni labe defaecati c>nis bella nesciunt1 ,c>o facta spiritalis et m5s unum s5tiunt2 ,pace multa p]fru5tes sc&alum non p]f]unt4 #i4 ,cleans$ f e /a9 ( evil1 !y f c>nal /rife are free2 ,fle% made _s1 ) ! _s do? = ev]more agree1 ,!re1 releas$ f all temptation1 !y %all ,peace unbrok5 see4 #bj4 ,probes vires inexhau/o laboranti proelio1 ,nec quietem po/ proc9ctum d5eges em]ito1 ,te que m]e> potiri s9e f9e praemio6 #bj4 ,/r5g? supply1 9 heat or conflict1 ceaseless /ruggle to ma9ta92 ,grant ?y s]vant1 w>f>e end$1 well-des]v$ re/ to ga92 ,grant t ,i1 ,?yself des]v+1 may ,?yself z prize atta96 ,tr4 ,/eph5 ,a4 ,hurlbut4 ,quot$ by p]mission ( au?or4 ,,xv4 ,lauda1 ,sion1 ,salvatorem #a4 ,lauda1 ,sion1 ,salvatorem1 ,lauda ducem et pa/orem ,9 hymnis et canticis3 ,quantum potes1 tantum aude1 ,quia maior omni laude1 ,nec laud>e sufficis4 #a4 ,praise1 ,o ,sion1 praise ?y ,savi\r1 ,%eph]d1 ,pr9ce1 ) glad behavior1 ,praise 9 hymn & canticle3 ,s+ ,8 glory )\t measure1 ,= ! m]it ( y\r treasure ,nev] %all y\r praises fill4 #b4 ,laudis !ma specialis1 ,panis vivus et vitalis ,hodie proponitur2 ,quem 9 sacrae m5sa c5ae ,turbae fratrum duod5ae ,datum non ambigitur4 #b4 ,wondr\s !me ( mortal s++1 ,liv+ bread & bread life-br++1 ,s+ we on ?is joyful day3 ,at ! ,"l's own table giv5 ,to ! twelve z bread f heav51 ,d\bt+ n we firmly say4 #c4 ,sit laus pl5a1 sit sonora ,sit iucunda1 sit decora ,m5tis iubilatio3 ,namque dies e/ sollemnis ,qua recolitur p]5nis ,m5sae in/itutio4 #c4 ,s+ ,8 praise ) voice sonor\s2 ,e he>t %all he> ! *orus ,swell 9 melody sublime3 ,= ?is day ! ,%eph]d gave u ,fle% & blood to fe$ & save u1 ,la/+ to ! end ( "t4 #d4 ,9 hac m5sa novi ,regis ,novum pas*a novae legis ,phase vetus t]m9at3 ,iam vetu/as novitati1 ,umbra c$it v]itati1 ,noctem lux elim9at4 #d4 ,at ! new ,k+'s sacr$ table1 ,! new law's new pas* is able ,to succe$ ! anci5t rite3 ,old to new its place ha? giv51 ,tru? has f> ! %ad[s driv51 ,d>kness flees be=e ! ,light4 #e4 ,quod 9 c5a ,*ri/us gessit1 ,faci5dum hoc expressit ,9 sui memoriam3 ,docti sacris in/itutis1 ,panem1 v9um 9 salutis ,consecramus ho/iam4 #e4 ,& z ,he ha? done & plann$ x-- 8,d ?is0--he> ,8 love comm& x1 8,= a memory ( me40 ,le>nd1 ,"l1 9 ?y own sci5ce1 ,bread & w9e1 9 sweet compliance1 ,z a ,ho/ we (f] ,!e4 #f4 ,dogma datur ,*ri/ianis1 ,quod 9 c>nem transit panis1 ,et v9um 9 sangu9em3 ,quod non capis1 quod non vides1 ,animosa firmat fides1 ,praet] r]um ord9em4 #f4 ,?us 9 fai? ! ,*ri/ian he>e?3 ,t ,*ri/'s fle% z bread appe>e?1 ,& z w9e ,8 preci\s blood3 ,?\gh we feel x n nor see x1 ,liv+ fai? t do? decree x ,all defects ( s5se makes good4 #g4 ,sub div]sis speciebus1 ,signis tam5 et non rebus1 ,lat5t res eximiae3 ,c>o cibus1 sanguis potus1 ,manet tam5 ,*ri/us totus ,sub utraque specie4 #g4 ,lo6 b5ea? ! species dual 7,signs n ?+s71 is hid a jewel ,f> beyond creation's rea*6 ,?\gh ,8 fle% z food abide?1 ,& ,8 blood z dr9k--,he hide? ,undivid$ "u ea*4 #h4 ,a sum5te non concisus1 ,non confractus1 non divisus1 ,integ] accipitur3 ,sumit unus1 sumunt mille1 ,quantum i/i1 tantum ille1 ,nec sumptus consumitur4 #h4 ,:oso eate? x c nev] ,break ! ,body1 r5d or sev]2 ,*ri/ entire our he>ts do? fill3 ,?\s&s eat ! bread ( heav51 ,yet z mu* to "o is giv53 ,*ri/1 ?\gh eat51 bide? /ill4 #i4 ,sumunt boni1 sumunt mali1 ,sorte tam5 inaequali ,vitae1 vel int]itus3 ,mors e/ malis1 vita bonis3 ,vide1 p>is sumptionis ,quam sit disp> exitus6 #i4 ,good & bad1 !y come to greet ,him3 ,unto life ! =m] eat ,him1 ,& ! latt] unto dea?2 ,^! f9d dea? & ^? f9d heav52 ,see1 f ! same life-se$ giv51 ,h[ ! h>ve/ diff]e?6 #aj4 ,fracto demum sacram5to ,ne vacilles1 s$ mem5to ,tantum esse sub fragm5to1 ,quantum toto tegitur2 ,nulla rei fit scissura1 ,signi tantum fit fractura1 ,qua nec /atus1 nec /atura ,signati m9uitur4 #aj4 ,:5 at la/ ! bread is brok51 ,d\bt n :at ! ,"l ha? spok53 ,9 ea* "p ! same love-tok51 ,! same ,*ri/1 our he>ts adore3 ,= no p[] ! ?+ divide?-- ',tis ! symbols ,he provide?1 ,:ile ! ,savi\r /ill abide? ,undim9i%$ z be=e4 #aa4 ,ecce1 panis angelorum ,factus cibus viatorum1 ,v]e panis filiorum1 ,non mitt5dus canibus2 ,9 figuris praesignatur1 ,cum ,isaac immolatur1 ,agnus pas*ae deputatur1 ,datur manna patribus4 #aa4 ,hail1 angelic bread ( heav51 ,n[ ! pilgrim's hop+-leav51 ,yea1 ! bread to *ildr5 giv5 ,t to dogs mu/ n be ?r[n3 ,9 ! figures contemplat$1 ',twas ) ,isaac immolat$1 ,by ! ,lamb 'twas ant$at$1 ,9 ! manna x 0 kn[n4 #ab4 ,bone pa/or1 panis v]e1 ,iesu1 no/ri mis]]e1 ,tu nos pasce1 nos tu]e1 ,tu nos bona fac vid]e ,9 t]ra viv5tium4 ,tu qui cuncta scis et vales1 ,qui nos pascis hic mortales1 ,tuos ibi comm5sales1 ,coha]$es et sodales ,fac sanctorum civium4 #ab1 ,o ,good ,%eph]d1 /ill confess+ ,love1 9 spite ( our transgress+1-- ,"h ,?y bless$ food possess+1 ,make u %>e ,?9e e bless+ ,9 ! l& ( life & love3 ,?\1 ^: p[] ha? all complet$ ,& ,?y fle% z food ha? met$1 ,make u1 at ,?y table seat$1 ,by ,?y sa9ts1 z fri5ds be greet$1 ,9 ,?y p>adise above4 ,tr4 ,h4 ,t4 ,h5ry 7,eu*>i/ica1 ,dolph9 ,press1 ,phila41 #aiab1 p4 #ci-dc4 ,quot$ by p]mission ( publi%]s47 ,,xvi4 ,/abat mat] dolorosa #a4 ,/abat mat] dolorosa ,iuxta crucem lacrimosa1 ,dum p5debat filius1 ,cuius animam gem5tem1 ,contri/antem et dol5tem ,p]transivit gladius4 #a4 ,by ! ,cross h] vigil keep+ ,/&s ! ,que5 ( sorr[s weep+1 ,:ile h] son 9 torm5t hangs2 ,n[ %e feels--,o he>t afflict$ ,by ! sword ( old pr$ict$6-- ,m ?an all a "m's pangs4 #b4 ,o quam tri/is et afflicta ,fuit illa b5$icta ,mat] unig5iti1 ,quae ma]ebat et dolebat ,et tremebat1 dum videbat ,nati po5as inclyti4 #b4 ,sad & heavy /&s beside him ,%e :o once _h magnifi$ him ,"o--begott51 only--born2 ,:ile %e sees t ri* aton+1 ,long ! moan+1 deep ! groan+ ,( h] "m--he>t =lorn4 #c4 ,quis e/ homo1 qui non fl]et1 ,matrem ,*ri/i si vid]et1 ,9 tanto supplicio8 ,quis non posset contri/>i1 ,piam matrem contempl>i ,dol5tem cum filio8 #c4 ,:o ,*ri/'s ,"m contemplat+ ,9 su* bitt] angui% wait+1 ,has no human te>s to %$8 ,:o w\ld leave ,*ri/'s ,"m1 %>+ ,all ! pa9 h] ,son is be>+1 ,by ^? te>s uncom=t$8 #d4 ,pro peccatis suae g5tis ,vidit ,iesum 9 torm5tis ,et flagellis subditum2 ,vidit suum dulcem natum ,mori5tem1 desolatum1 ,dum emisit spiritum4 #d4 ,victim-prie/ ( ,jewry's nation1 ,!re he hangs 9 expiation2 ,sc\rge & nail h _h _! w2 ,e>? & heav5 8 cause =sak+1 ,n[ 8 noble he>t is break+1 ,n[ ! lab\r+ brea? is /ill4 #e4 ,eia mat]1 fons amoris1 ,me s5tire vim doloris ,fac1 ut tecum lugeam2 ,fac1 ut ardeat cor meum ,9 am&o ,*ri/um ,deum1 ,ut sibi complaceam4 #e4 ,"m1 f\nt :5ce love fl[s true/1 ,let me "k ! pa9 ?\ knewe/1 ,let me weep z ?\ ha/ wept2 ,love div9e )9 me burn+1 ,t div9] love return+1 ,may ?y ,son ?is he>t accept4 #f4 ,sancta mat]1 i/ud agas1 ,crucifixi fige plagas ,cordi meo valide2 ,tui nati vuln]ati1 ,tam dignati pro me pati1 ,po5as mecum divide4 #f4 ,"m1 if my pray] be grant$1 ,^? five w\nds ( 8 implant$ ,9 my brea/ ,i fa9 w\ld see2 ,love exce$+ hangs !re ble$+1 ,my cause plead+1 my love ne$+-- ,bid him %>e 8 cross ) me4 #g4 ,fac me v]e tecum fl]e1 ,crucifixo condol]e1 ,donec ego vix]o2 ,iuxta crucem tecum />e1 ,te lib5t] soci>e ,9 planctu desid]o4 #g4 ,till life fails1 ,i w\ld n fail him1 ,/ill rememb]1 /ill bewail him1 ,born ?y ,son1 & crucifi$2 ,by ! cross my vigil keep+ ,i w\ld sp5d ^? h\rs ( weep+1 ,que5 ( sorr[s1 at ?y side4 #h4 ,virgo virg9um praecl>a1 ,mihi iam non sis am>a1 ,fac me tecum plang]e2 ,fac1 ut portem ,*ri/i mortem1 ,passionis fac consortem ,et plagas recol]e4 #h4 ,virg91 boa/ ( all creation1 ,he$ my te>s1 nor consolation ,9 ?y bitt]ness repel2 ,at ?y side 8 liv]y we>+1 ,8 cross be>+1 8 dea? %>+1 ,( ^! w\nds ! beads ,i'll tell4 #i4 ,fac me plagis vuln]>i1 ,cruce hac inebri>i1 ,et cruore filii2 ,inflammatus et acc5sus1 ,p] te1 virgo1 sim def5sus ,9 die iudicii4 #i4 ,w\nds ( ,*ri/1 9 _s bruise me1 ,*alice ( 8 blood1 bemuse me1 ,cross ( ,*ri/1 be ?\ my /ay6 ,le/ ,i burn 9 fires un5d+1 ,s9less ,maid1 my cause befri5d+1 ,%ield me at ! judgem5t day6 #aj4 ,fac me cruce cu/odiri1 ,morte ,*ri/i praemuniri1 ,confov]i gratia4 ,qu&o corpus morietur1 ,fac1 ut animae donetur ,p>adisi gloria4 #aj4 ,jesus1 :5 e>?'s %ad[s leave me1 ,?r\gh ?y ,"m's pray]s receive me ,) ! palm ( victory2 ,:5 my body lies =sak5 ,let my ransom$ s\l awak5 ,safe1 9 ,p>adise1 ) !e4 ,tr4 ,ronald ,a4 ,knox 7,we/m9/] ,hymnal1 ,burns1 ,oates ,wa%b\rne1 ,london1 #aidj1 no4 #cg4 ,quot$ by p]mission ( publi%]s47 ,,xvii4 ,salve1 fe/a dies 7,s>um ,processional7 #a4 ,salve1 fe/a dies1 toto v5]abilis aevo1 ,qua ,deus inf]num vicit et a/ra t5et4 #a4 ,hail !e1 ,fe/ival ,day6 ble/ day t art hall[$ =ev]2 ,day :]e9 ,*ri/ arose1 break+ ! k+dom ( dea?4 #b4 ,ecce1 r5asc5tis te/atur gratia mundi omnia cum ,dom9o dona r$isse suo4 #b4 ,lo1 ! fair beauty ( e>?1 f ! dea? ( w9t] aris+1 ,e good gift ( ! ye> n[ ) its ,ma/] returns4 #c4 ,qui crucifixus erat1 ,deus ecce p] omnia regnat1 ,dantque creatori cuncta creata precem4 #c4 ,he :o 0 nail$ to ! cross is ,god & ! rul] ( all ?+s2 ,all ?+s creat$ on e>? wor%ip ! mak] ( all4 #d4 ,pollicitam s$ r$de diem1 precor1 alma pote/as1 ,t]tia lux r$iit2 surge1 sepulte ,deus4 #d4 ,god ( all pity & p[]1 let ?y ^w be assur$ to ! d\bt+2 ,light on ! ?ird day returns3 rise1 ,son ( ,god1 f ! tomb6 #e4 ,non decet ut humili tumulo tua membra tegantur1 ,neu pretium mundi vilia saxa premant4 #e4 ,ill do? x seem t ?y limbs %\ld l+] 9 l[ly di%onor1 ,ransom & price ( ! _w1 veil$ f ! vision ( m54 #f4 ,indignum e/ cuius clauduntur cuncta pugillo1 ,ut tegat inclusum rupe vetante lapis4 #f4 ,ill x beseeme? t ?\ by ^: h& all ?+s are encompass$1 ,captive & b\nd %\ld/ rema91 deep 9 ! gloom ( ! rock4 #g4 ,l9tea tolle1 precor1 sud>ia l9que sepul*ro1 ,tu satis es nobis1 et s9e te nihil e/4 #g4 ,rise n[1 ,o ,"l1 f ! grave & ca/ (f ! %r\d t enwrapp$ !e2 ,?\ art suffici5t = u3 no?+ )\t !e exi/s4 #h4 ,fun]is exsequias pat]is vitae auctor et orbis1 ,intras mortis it] d&o salutis opem4 #h4 ,m\rn+ !y laid !e to re/1 :o art au?or ( life & creation2 ,tread+ ! pa?way ( dea?1 life ?\ be/[$/ on man4 #i4 ,r$de tuam faciem1 videant ut saecula lum51 ,r$de diem1 qui nos te mori5te fugit4 #i4 ,%[ u ?y face once m1 t ! ages may joy 9 ?y brightness2 ,give u ! light ( day1 d>k5$ on e>? at ?y dea?4 #aj4 ,eripis innum]um populum de c>c]e mortis1 ,et sequitur lib]1 quo suus auctor adit4 #aj4 ,out ( ! prison ( dea? ?\ art rescu+ numb]less captives2 ,freely !y tread 9 ! way :i!r _! mak] has gone4 #aa4 ,tri/ia cess]unt inf]nae v9cula legis1 ,expavitque *aos lum9is ore premi4 #aa4 ,jesus has h>r[$ hell2 he has l$ captivity captive3 ,d>kness & *aos & dea? flee f ! face ( ! light4 ,tr4 ,maurice ,f4 ,bell1 f ,! ,engli% ,hymnal by p]mission ( ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press4 ,notes ,*apt] ,"o ,e>ly ,middle ,ages3 ,lat9 ,hymns ( ,! ,f\r? ,c5tury #a4 ,j]ome1 ,lib] de viris illu/ribus1 #ajj 7,,mpl #bc1 #fii74 #b4 ,hil>ius autem1 ,gallus episcopus ,pictavi5sis1 eloqu5tia conspicuus1 hymnorum c>m9e floruit primus4 ,de ecclesia/icis (ficiis #a1 #f 7,,mpl #hc1 #gdc74 #c4 ,w4 ,n4 ,my]s1 ,! ,hymns ( ,sa9t ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s 9 ! ,codex ,aret9us 7,phila41 ,un4 ( ,p5n41 #aibh7 #ab1 #bi1 #ec1 #fg4 ,= a discussion ( o!r hymns attribut$ to ,hil>y1 see p4 #ad2 also ,a4 ,s4 ,walpole1 ,e>ly ,lat9 ,hymns 7,cambridge1 #aibb7 #a-d4 ,translations by ,w4 ,n4 ,my]s4 #d4 ,antiphon>y ( ,bangor1 edit$ by ,f4 ,e4 ,w>r51 ,h5ry ,brad%aw ,society ,publications1 vols4 #d1 #aj 7,london1 #ahic1 #ahie74 ,= discussion ( au?or%ip see vol4 #aj1 #cf4 #e4 ,or p]haps ,treves4 #f4 ,augu/9e1 ,confessions #i1 #g 7,,mpl #cb1 #ggj74 ,translation f ,confessions ( ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,libr>y ( ,!ol4 ,lit]ature 7,london1 #ahhf74 #g4 ,translations ( fir/ l9es3 ,w4 ,j4 ,copel&1 ,c4 ,bigg1 ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]1 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale4 #h4 ,translations ( fir/ l9es3 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale1 ,e4 ,caswall4 #i4 ,translations ( fir/ l9es3 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale1 ,h4 ,m4 ,jones1 ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]1 ,s4 ,hurlbut4 #aj4 ,my]s1 op4 cit4 7see note #c7 #ah-bb4 #aa4 ,g4 ,reese1 ,music 9 ! ,middle ,ages 7,new ,york1 #aidj7 #ajd4 #ab4 ,caelius ,s$ulius1 #e? ,c41 an e>ly imitator ( ,ambrose1 wrote a well-kn[n alphabetic hymn1 ,a solis ortus c>d9e4 ,*apt] ,two ,e>ly ,middle ,ages3 ,! ,old ,hymnal #a4 ,regula ,sancti ,b5$icti1 ,,ix4 #b4 ,p4 ,batiffol1 ,hi/orie du ,brevi>e roma91 translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,y4 ,bayley 7,london1 #aiab71 *ap4 ,i4 #c4 ,dom ,a4 ,wilm>t1 8,le ,psauti] de la ,re9e10 7,cod4 ,vat4 ,reg4 ,,ii71 ,revue ,b5$ict9e ,,xxviii 7#aiaa7 #cgf ff4 #d4 ,walpole1 ,e>ly ,lat9 ,hymns1 7*4 #a1 note #c71 xi-xiv4 #e4 ,laodicea1 c4 #cfd1 ,canon #ei4 ,see ,g4 ,d4 ,mansi1 ,sacrorum conciliorum--collectio 7,flor5ce1 ,v5et4 et ,p>41 #agfc7 ii1 #egc2 ,braga1 #efc1 ,mansi ix1 #ggh4 #f4 ,h4 ,f4 ,mull]1 8,pre-,hi/ory ( ! ,m$ieval ,drama10 ,zeits*rift f4 romanis*e ,philologie #dd 7#aibd7 #edd-ege4 #g4 ,t\rs1 #efg1 ,mansi xiv1 #hjc4 #h4 ,h4 ,heimbu*]1 ,die ,ord5 und ,kongregation5 d] ka?olis*5 ,kir*e1 #c vols4 7,pad]born1 #aijg7 vol4 ,i1 #bbd-bcf1 ,ausbreitung d] ,b5$ikt9]regel4 #i4 ,f4 ,h4 ,dudd51 ,gregory ! ,great 7,london1 #aije71 #b vols41 ,,ii1 *ap4 #h4 #aj4 ,see ,a4 ,h4 7,analecta ,hymnica ,m$ii ,aevi7 #ea4bd-da1 notes4 ,! hymns except$ are nos4 #bc-cj2 #cd-dj2 ,j4 ,julian1 ,diction>y ( ,hymnology4 ,gregory ,i41 ,/41 ,pope2 ,c4 ,blume1 8,gregor d] ,grosse als ,hymn5di*t]10 ,/imm5 aus ,m>ia-,laa*1 #aijh1 #bfi ff4 #aa4 ,h4 ,le,clercq1 ,l',espagne *rti5ne 7,p>is1 #aijf7 #cjd-e4 #ab4 ,migne1 ,,pl #hj1 #fdb-gjj1 ,braulio's ,lett]s4 #ac4 ,,iv ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 #fcc1 ,canon #b1 ,mansi x1 #faf2 ,canon #ac1 ,mansi x1 #fbb-c4 ,sicut igitur orationes1 ita et hymnos 9 laudem ,dei compositos1 nullus ve/rum ult]ius improbet1 s$ p>i modo ,gallia1 ,hispaniaque celebret3 excommunicatione plect5di1 qui hymnos rejic]e fu]9t ausi4 #ad4 ,see ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]1 8,! ,moz>abic ,hymnal10 ,t,a,ph,a #ge 7#aidd7 #ajc-abf4 #ae4 ,! ,iri% ,lib] ,hymnorum1 edit$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,b]n>d & ,r4 ,atk9son1 ,h5ry ,brad%aw ,soc4 ,pub4 #ac1 #ad 7,london1 #ahig1 #ahih71 #ad1 #bc-f4 #af4 ,antiphon>y ( ,bangor1 *ap4 ,i1 note #d2 = hi/ory ( ! manuscript n[ 9 ! ,ambrosian ,libr>y at ,milan1 p4 xii-xiii4 #ag4 ,translations ( fir/ l9es1 #a7 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale1 #b71 #c71 #d7 ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]4 #ah4 ,! ,celtic hymns are edit$ 9 ,a4 ,h4 #ea1 ,"p ,,ii4 ,see also ,j4 ,f4 ,k5ney1 ,s\rces = ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,irel&1 #b vols4 7,new ,york1 #aibi7 #beb-c1 #beh-bgd1 ,hymns4 #ai4 ,translations ( fir/ l9es 9 ,summ>y by ,j4 ,m4 ,neale except #b7 ,c4 ,bigg1 #g7 ,g4 ,r4 ,woodw>d4 #bj4 ,c4 ,w4 ,d\glas1 ,*ur* ,music 9 ,hi/ory & ,practice 7,new ,york1 #aicg7 #afh4 ,*apt] ,?ree ,! ,n9? ,c5tury ,revival3 ,hymns #a4 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale & ,g4 ,h4 ,=bes1 ,! ,anci5t ,liturgies ( ! ,gallican ,*ur* 7,burntisl&1 #ahee7 p4 v4 #b4 ,p4 ,jaff1 ,rege/a ,pontificum ,romanorum 7,lipsiae1 #ahhe-h7 #bdgc 7#aijj74 #c4 ,monum5ta ,g]maniae ,hi/orica1 ,legum sectio1 ,,ii1 ,capitul>ia ,regum ,francorum1 ,i1 ,capitul>e primum1 #gfi2 ,capitul>e ,h>i/all5se1 #ggi2 ,admonitio g5]alis1 #ghi2 ,synodus ,francon(urt5sis1 #gid2 ,epi/ola de litt]is col5dis1 #ghj-hjj2 ,epi/ola g5]alis1 #ghf-hjj2 ,capitul>e missorum g5]ale1 #hjb2 ,capitul>ia missorum specialia1 #hjb2 ,synodus et conv5tus aquisgrani habita1 #hjb2 ,capitul>e de exam9&is ecclesia/icis1 #hjb2 ,capitul>e missorum1 #hjc2 ,capitul>e de causis etc41 #haa2 ,capitul>e aquisgran5se1 #hja-hac2 ,capitul>e cum episcopis etc41 #ghj-gij2 ,capitul>e mantuanum primum1 no date1 p4 #aid2 ,pipp9i capitul>e ,italicum1 #hja-haj4 #d4 ,,mgh1 ,legum sectio1 ,,ii1 ,capitul>ia ,regum ,francorum1 ,i1 ,epi/ola g5]alis1 no4 #cj1 p4 #hj2 ,p4 ,jaff1 ,biblio!ca ,r]um ,g]manic>um1 vol4 ,,iv1 ,monum5ta ,c>ol9a 7,b]l91 #ahfg7 #aci1 #adj4 #e4 ,dom ,r4 ,van ,dor51 tude sur l'influ5ce musicale de l'abbaye de ,sa9t-,gall 7,l\va91 #aibe7 *4 vi1 ,metz4 #f4 ,e4 ,mhlba*]1 ,deuts*e ,ges*i*te unt] d5 ,k>ol+]n 7,/uttg>t1 #ahif7 #baa2 ,jaff1 ,monum5ta ,c>ol9a1 #ceh;ff4 #g4 ,e4 ,bi%op1 ,liturgica ,hi/orica 7,ox=d1 #aiah7 #di-ee4 #h4 ,a4 ,=tescue1 ,! ,mass 7,london1 #aiad7 #ahc4 #i4 ,9 ,monum5ta ,g]maniae ,hi/orica--,poet>um lat9orum m$ii aevi1 vol4 iv1 edit$ by ,p4 von ,w9t]feld 7,b]l91 #aibc74 #aj4 ,w4 ,turn]1 8,iri% ,tea*]s 9 ! ,c>ol+ian ,revival ( ,le>n+10 ,ca?4 ,un4 ,bullet91 ,,xiii 7,wa%+ton1 #aijg7 #chd-e2 ,j4 ,j4 ,o',kelly1 ,irel&3 ,elem5ts ( h] ,e>ly ,/ory 7,dubl91 #aiba7 *4 viii1 ,e>ly ,iri% on ! ,cont95t4 #aa4 ,e9h>d1 ,vita ,c>oli1 #ba4 #ab4 ,l4 ,g\gaud1 ,gaelic ,pione]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,,vi-,,xii ,c5tury 7,dubl91 #aibc7 #fj-c4 ,translat$ by ,victor ,coll9s4 #ac4 ,s4 ,s+]1 ,die ,di*t]s*ule von ,/4 ,gall5 7,leipzig1 #aibb7 ,introd4 7by ,pet] ,wagn]7 #aa4 #ad4 ,turn]1 supra1 #egj2 ,j4 ,m4 ,cl>k1 ,! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,gall z a ,c5t] ( ,lit]ature & ,art 7,cambridge1 #aibf7 #ca4 #ae4 ,annales ,lauriss5ses1 anno #geg 7,,mgh1 ,,ss1 ,i1 #adj74 #af4 ,jaff1 ,rege/a1 #bcdf 7#agii72 ,notk] ,balbulus1 ,epi/olae 7,,mpl1 #aca1 #aagb72 ,ge/a ,c>oli1 ,,ii1 #g4 #ag4 ,f4 ,h4 ,dudd51 ,gregory ! ,great 7*4 #b1 note #i7 ,i1 *4 ,,vi ,gregory at ,con/ant9ople4 #ah4 ,p4 ,wagn]1 8,morg5- und ,ab5dl& 9 d] ,musikges*i*te10 ,/imm5 d] ,zeit1 ,bd4 #aad 7#aibg7 #ach4 #ai4 ,cl>k1 ,! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,gall etc41 #aab2 ,c4 ,diehl1 ,manuel d',art ,byzant9 7,p>is1 #aiaj7 #cei-cfj1 #cfb-c2 ,m4 ,hauttmann1 ,die ,kun/ des frh5 ,mittelalt]s 7,b]l91 #aibi7 #ea-fb2 ,j4 ,/rzyg[ski1 ,orig9 ( ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ,art 7,ox=d1 #aibc7 #hd4 #bj4 ,anal4 ,hymn41 #ea1 ,introduction1 xvii-xix2 ext5d$ li/s ( ! lat] ,lat9 hymns appe> 9 ,j4 ,julian1 ,diction>y ( ,hymnology 7,london1 #aibe7 #edf1 #edg4 #ba4 ,j4 ,me>ns1 ,e>ly ,lat9 ,hymn>ies 7,cambridge1 #aiac74 #bb4 ,walpole1 ,e>ly ,lat9 ,hymns1 7*4 #a1 note #c7 xi4 #bc4 ,walpole1 ibid1 xii2 ,w4 ,h4 ,fr]e1 ,introduction to ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,hi/orical ,edition 7,london1 #aiji72 ,wilm>t1 ,le ,psauti] de la ,re9e etc41 #cfb-c2 ,f4 ,j4 ,e4 ,raby1 ,*ri/ian ,lat9 ,poetry 7,ox=d1 #aibg7 #ch-da4 ,see also ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]1 8,:5ce ! ,n9? ,c5tury ,hymnal810 ,t,a,ph,a #fi 7#aich7 #ddf-dfd4 #bd4 ,ge/a ,c>oli1 ,i1 #aj2 ,e9h>d1 ,vita ,c>oli1 edit$ by ,g>rod & ,m[at 7,ox=d1 #aiae71 ,app5dix1 p4 xxxvii4 #be4 ,heimbu*]1 ,die ,ord5 und ,congregation5 etc41 vol4 ,i1 #bce1 #bcg-i2 ,jahrb*] d] deuts*5 ,ges*i*te 7,b]l9 ,leipzig1 #ahff-aijb71 ,ges*i*te des ,o/frankis*5 ,rei*s1 vol4 ,,ii1 #ci1 #db1 #df4 #bf4 ,alcu91 ,de psalmorum usu 7,,mpl1 #aja71 ,(ficia p] f]ias ,,mpl1 #aja1 ,epi/olae #hd1 #id1 #afd1 #bbg 7,,mpl1 #aja73 ,rabanus ,maurus1 ,de cl]icis in/ituts1 ,,ii1 #di 7,,mpl1 #ajg1 #cfb73 ,amal>ius ( ,metz1 ,de (ficiis div9is 7cont9uation7 9 ,j4 ,mabillon1 ,vet]a ,analecta 7,p>is1 #agbc7 #ii2 ,walafrid ,/rabo1 ,de ecclesia/ic>um r]um exordiis etc41 *4 xxv 7,,mpl1 #aad1 #ieb;ff474 #bg4 ,h4 ,de ,boor1 ,die deuts*e ,lit]atur #ggj-aagj 7,mn*51 #aidi7 #ba4 #bh4 ,p4 ,batiffol1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y 7,london1 #aiab7 #adc-d4 #bi4 ,anal4 ,hymn4 #ea4 #cj4 ,translation ( fir/ l9e1 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale4 #ca4 ,dom ,p4 ,b4 ,gams1 ,die ,kir*5ges*i*te von ,spani5 7,reg5sburg1 #ahfb-ahgi7 ,,ii1 ,pt4 #b1 #cjb1 #cbf-i2 ,z4 ,g>ca ,villada1 ,hi/oria eclesi/ica de ,espaa 7,madrid1 #aibi-cf7 ,v1 #he4 #cb4 ,de ,urbel1 8,los himnos mozrabes10 ,revi/a ecles4 ,silos #eh 7#aibg7 #ef-fa4 #cc4 ,e4 ,bi%op1 8,spani% ,symptoms10 ,liturgica ,hi/orica 7,ox=d1 #aiah7 #afh4 #cd4 ,l4 ,wi5]1 ,contributions t[>d a ,hi/ory ( ,arabico-,go?ic ,culture 7,new ,york1 #aiag-ba7 #aja2 ,h4 ,g4 ,f>m]1 ,hi/orical ,facts = ! ,arabian ,musical ,influ5ce 7,london1 #aicj7 #bc4 #ce4 ,anal4 ,hymn4 #ea1 ,introduction4 ,*apt] ,f\r ,! ,n9? ,c5tury ,revival3 ,sequ5ces #a4 ,=tescue1 ,! ,mass 7,see *4 #c1 note #h7 #bfh-i4 #b4 ,see ,introduction to ,a4 ,h4 #ec1 by ,c4 ,blume & ,h4 ,m4 ,banni/]4 ,?is ,introduction has be5 us$ z ! basis = ! discussion ( sequ5ce orig9s4 ,!ories & op9ions ( o!rs are not$ f "t to "t4 #c4 ,w4 ,h4 ,fr]e1 ,introduction to ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n 7,see *4 #c1 note #bc7 xxviii2 ,p4 ,wagn]1 ,introduction to ,gregorian ,melodies 7,london1 #aijg7 #bbc1 translation by ,orme & ,wyatt4 #d4 ,g4 ,reese1 ,music 9 ! ,middle ,ages 7*4 #a1 note #aa7 passim4 ,?is book conta9s an excell5t /&>d acc\nt ( ! musical aspect ( ! sequ5ce4 #e4 ,g4 ,s*nr]1 ,kir*e und ,kultur im ,ab5dl& 7,pad]born1 #aibf7 ,,ii1 #hh4 #f4 ,w4 ,*ri/1 8b] die ,b$eutung von ,hirmos1 etc410 ,sitzungb]i*te d] kn4 bay4 ,akad4 d] ,wiss5s*aft zu ,mn*51 ,,ii 7#ahgj7 #hi;f4 #g4 ,a4 ,ga/\1 8,les ,types byzant9s de la ,sequ5ce10 ,tribune de ,sa9t-,g]vais1 ,dec4 #aibb1 #a1 #b4 #h4 ,fr]e1 ,introduction1 supra1 xxiv4 #i4 ,l4 ,gauti]1 ,hi/oire de la posie liturgique au ,moy5 ge 7,p>is1 #ahhf7 #a4 #aj4 ,a4 ,ga/\1 8,les ,orig9es liturgiques de la squ5ce10 ,tribune de ,sa9t-,g]vais1 ,june1 #aibb4 ,see also ,wetz] & ,welte1 ,kir*5lexicon1 ,sequ5z53 an important article4 #aa4 ,amal>ius1 ,de ecclesia/icis (ficiis1 ,,iii1 #af 7,,mpl1 #aje1 #aabc74 #ab4 ,j4 ,ott5wld]1 8,grie*is*-byzant9is*e ,e9flsse10 ,!ol4 ,qu>tals*r4 ,,xcvii 7#aiae71 #efd-g4 #ac4 ,reese1 ,music 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 supra1 #acc4 #ad4 ,s4 ,s+]1 ,die ,di*t]s*ule von ,/4 ,gall5 7*4 #c1 note #ac71 ,introduction1 #ad1 #ae4 #ae4 ,! e>lie/ manuscript is ,antiphonale miss>um ,s4 ,gregorii1 codex #bci ( ,laon2 see ,palographie musicale1 ,x4 ,a4 ,ga/\1 ,les ,orig9es du ,*ant ,roma9 7,p>is1 #aijg7 #bej;f4 #af4 ,wetz] und ,welte1 supra1 ,sequ5z54 #ag4 ,fr]e1 ,introduction1 supra1 xxviii-xxix2 ,notk] ,balbulus1 ,lib] sequ5ti>um1 ,praefatio 7,,mpl1 #aca1 #ajjc74 #ah4 ,p4 ,wagn]1 8,morg5- und ,ab5dl& 9 d] ,musikges*i*te10 7*4 #c1 note #ah7 #aci2 ,s*nr]1 supra1 ,,ii1 #hh4 #ai4 ,ga/\1 8,les ,types byzant9s de la ,squ5ce10 supra1 #b4 #bj4 ,w4 ,mey]1 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung5 zur mittellate9is*5 ,ry?mik 7,b]l91 #aijh7 #cg4 #ba4 ,p4 ,von ,w9t]feld1 ,/ilfrag5 aus d] late9is*5 ,di*tung des ,mittelalt]s 9 ,deuts*e ,di*t] etc4 7,mn*51 #aibb7 #ddb4 #bb4 ,w4 ,mey]1 supra1 #da3 8,s i/ die lyris*e ,di*tung des ,mittelalt]s dur*aus dem ,kir*5gesang neu gebor5 word540 #bc4 ,e4 ,wellesz1 ,ea/]n ,elem5ts 9 ,we/]n ,*ant4 ,/udies 9 ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,ecclesia/ical ,music 7,ox=d1 #aidg7 ,pt4 ,,iv1 *4 #a1 ,orig9 ( sequ5ces & tropes1 an excell5t summ>y ( ! subject z inve/igat$ to #aidg4 #bd4 ,notk]1 supra1 note #ag4 #be4 ,p4 ,a4 ,s*ubig]1 ,die ,sng]s*ule ,/4 ,gall5s vom viii4-xii4 ,jahrhund]t 7,e9si$eln1 #aheh72 ,w4 ,wilmanns1 8,wel*e ,sequ5z5 hat ,notk] v]fas/810 ,zeits*rift f4 deuts*es ,alt]tum1 ,,xv 7#ahgb7 #bfg;f42 ,j4 ,w]n]1 ,notk]s ,sequ5z54 ,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te d] ,lat4 ,sequ5z5di*tung 7,a>au1 #aija7 ,,iii1 ,,iv2 ,s4 ,s+]1 supra2 ,van ,dor51 7*4 #c1 note #e7 *4 #i2 ,cl>k1 7*4 #c1 note #ad7 #age4 ,w4 von d5 ,/e951 ,notk] d] ,di*t] und se9e gei/li*e ,welt1 #b vols4 7,b]n4 #aidh74 ,?is au?or reviews previ\s lit]ature4 #bf4 ,ott5wld]1 supra1 #dfd-e4 #bg4 ,!y are ,canopica1 ,/yx1 ,phlege?on1 sophia1 h]\s1 ,myrmidonas1 sp]mologos4 #bh4 ,p4 ,s4 ,all51 ,romanesque ,lyric 7,un4 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,press1 #aibh7 #ff1 #bba1 #bbb2 ,s*nr]1 supra1 #hi2 ,wellesz4 supra1 #afe2 ,w4 ,b4 ,s$gwick1 8,orig9 ( ,rhyme10 8,revue ,bndict9e0 ,,xxxvi 7#aibd71 #cda4 #bi4 ,sev]al attractive illu/rations ( ! modus may be f\nd 9 ,k>l ,breul's edition ( ,! ,cambridge ,songs 7,cambridge1 #aiae74 #cj4 ,s*nr]1 supra1 #hi2 ,r4 ,molitor1 ,die ,musik 9 d] ,rei*nau1 review$ 9 ,jahrbu* f4 ,liturgiewiss5s*aft ,,vi 7#aibf7 #cca4 #ca4 ,see ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,*apt] ,five ,late ,middle ,ages3 ,hymns & ,sequ5ces #a4 ,j4 ,de ,ghell9ck1 ,s4 ,j41 ,l',essor de la ,littrature ,lat9e au ,x,i,ie ,sicle1 #b vols4 7,brussels1 #aidf7 ,,ii1 #bhe4 #b4 ,m4 ,hl91 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ieval ,lat9 ,lit]ature 7,new ,york1 #aidi71 translat$ by ,j4 ,c4 ,sn[ f ,littrature d'occid5t3 ,hi/oire des ,lettres lat9es du ,moy5 ,age1 #gi4 #c4 ,l4 ,gauti]1 ,oeuvres potiques d',adam de ,sa9t-,victor1 #b vols4 7,p>is1 #aheh-i72 ,e4 ,misset et ,p4 ,aubry1 ,les ,proses d',adam de ,sa9t-,victor 7,p>is1 #aijj74 #d4 ,translations ( fir/ l9es3 ,r4 ,mess5g]1 ,anon1 ,e4 ,caswall4 #e4 ,translations ( fir/ l9es3 ,s4 ,a4 ,hurlbut1 ,r4 ,mess5g]4 #f4 ,a4 ,h4 #dh4 #ada-bcb4 #g4 ,translations ( fir/ l9es3 #a & #b1 ,h4 ,waddell2 #c & #e1 ,e4 ,caswall2 #d1 ,r4 ,mess5g]4 #h4 ,hl91 supra1 #aag4 #i4 ,p4 ,wagn]1 ,introduction to ! ,gregorian ,melodies 7*4 #d1 note #c7 #bda4 #aj4 ,translations ( fir/ l9es3 #a & #d1 ,r4 ,a4 ,knox2 #b1 ,h4 ,t4 ,h5ry2 #c1 ,w4 ,j4 ,irons4 #aa4 ,translation ( fir/ l9e3 ,r4 ,mess5g]4 #ab4 ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]1 8,hymns & ,sequ5ces ( ! ,s>um ,use10 ,t,a,ph,a1 #ei 7#aibh7 #ii-abi4 #ac4 ,e4 ,bi%op1 ,liturgica ,hi/orica 7,ox=d1 #aiah7 #baa-cg4 #ad4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ,horae ,beatae ,m>iae ,virg9is etc4 7,london1 #aija72 ,h4 ,bohatta1 ,bibliographie des livres d'heures 7,wi51 #aibd71 #bnd edition4 #ae4 ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]1 8,hymns 9 ! ,horae ,eborac5ses10 ,classical ,weekly1 #ch 7,jan41 #aide7 #ij-e4 #af4 ,s4 ,s+]1 8,arabis*e und europis*e ,poesie im ,mittelalt]10 ,zeits*rift f4 deuts*e ,philologie1 ,,lii 7,april1 #aibg72 ,k4 ,burda*1 8b] d5 ,ursprung des mittelalt]i*5 ,m9nesangs1 etc40 9 ,vorspiel ,i 7,halle1 #aibe7 #caa2 ,a4 ,f4 von ,s*ack1 ,poesie und ,kun/ d] ,arab] etc41 #b vols4 7,/uttg>t1 #ahgg7 ,,ii1 #aja-e4 #ag4 ,c4 ,f4 ,br[n1 ,religi\s ,lyrics ( ! #ad? ,c5tury 7,ox=d1 #aibd74 ,translations ( ,william ,h]eb]t 7d4 #accc7 xiii4 #ah4 ,ad honorem ,regis summi1 translation ( fir/ l9e3 ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]4 ,see ,c4 ,daux1 ,les ,*ansons des ,pl]9s de ,/4 ,jacques 7,montauban1 #ahii74 #ai4 ,a4 ,s4 ,walpole1 ,e>ly ,lat9 ,hymns1 7*4 #a1 note #c7 #hg-ib4 #bj4 ,e4 ,rodg]s1 ,discussion ( ,holidays 9 ! ,lat] ,middle ,ages 7,new ,york #aidj7 #cc4 ,miss ,rodg]s sums up ! evid5ce "h1 rea*+ an affirmative conclusion4 #ba4 ,l4 ,?orndike1 8,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education 9 ! ,middle ,ages10 ,speculum1 #ae 7#aidj7 #djj-h1 p4 #dja4 #bb4 ,w4 ,o4 ,wehrle1 ,mac>onic ,hymn ,tradition etc4 7,wa%+ton1 #aicc74 ,*apt] ,six ,late ,middle ,ages3 ,processional ,hymns #a4 ,matt4 #ba3 #d-ll2 ,m>k #aa3 #g-aa2 ,luke #ai3 #ce-ch2 ,john #ab3 #ab-e4 #b4 ,basil1 ,ep4 #bjg1 ,ad ,neocaes1 ,,mpg #cb4 #gfe2 ,ambrose1 ,ep4 #dj4 #af1 ,ad ,!odosium1 ,,mpl #af4 #aajg2 ,sozom51 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 ,,viii1 #h2 see also ,t]tullian1 ,ad uxorem1 ,,ii1 #d1 ,,mpl #a4 #abid4 #c4 ,s4 ,silviae1 quae f]tur1 ,p]egr9atio ad loca sancta1 9 ,it9]a ,hi]osolymitana1 ,saeculi ,,iii-,,viii1 ed4 ,p4 ,gey] 7,v9dobonae1 #ahih7 ,,csel #ci4 #ce-aja4 #d4 ,ibid4 ,,xxiv1 #a-g1 #h-ab2 ,,xxv1 #g2 ,,xxvi2 ,,xxxi2 ,,xl1 #a-b4 #e4 ,a4 ,bludau1 ,die ,pilg]reise d] ,ae!ria1 ,/udi5 zur ,ges*4 u4 ,kultur d4 ,alt]tums ,,xv1 #a_/b1 7,pad]born1 #aibg7 #ef4 ,translation1 ,rob]t ,bridges4 #f4 ,a4 ,baum/>k1 ,die ,idiomela d] byzant9is*5 ,k>freitag%or5 etc4 ,review$ 9 ,jahrbu* f4 ,liturgiewiss5s*aft1 #aj 7#aicj7 #cci-dj4 #g4 ,p4 ,batiffol1 tudes de liturgie et d'ar*ologie *rti5ne1 7,p>is1 #aiai7 *4 ,,vi1 ,la ,*&eleur1 p4 #bjj4 #h4 ,ambrose1 ,ep4 #aa7ec71 ,,mpl #ag4 #gdc-d2 ,augu/9e1 ,de ,civ4 ,dei #bb4 #h2 ,conf4 #i4 #g2 ,see also ! hymn ,grates tibi1 ,jesu1 novas1 attribut$ to ,ambrose1 ,a4 ,h4 #ej4 #ag4 #i4 ,g4 ,h4 ,cobb1 8,e>ly ,ca?olic ,outdoor ,processions10 ,! ,mon?1 #adh 7#aibf7 #eci-edb4 #aj4 ,= ,mam]tus1 see ,greg4 ,turon541 ,hi/4 franc4 #b4 #cd1 ,,mpl #ga4 #bcj-cb4 ,c\ncils4 ,c\ncil ( ,orleans1 #eaa1 canon #ag1 ,mansi ,,viii1 #cee2 ,c\ncil ( ,girona1 #eag1 ,capit4 #b #c1 ,mansi1 ,,viii1 #edi2 see also #ag? ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 #fid1 ,capit4 #f1 ,mansi ,,xii1 #ii-ajj4 ,litaniae maiores1 ,greg4 ,magnus1 ,ep4 ,v1 #aa1 ,litany on ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,john ,bapti/1 ,,mpl #gg1 #gcb-c2 ,litania septi=mis1 ,greg4 ,turon541 ,hi/4 franc4 #aj1 #a1 ,,mpl #ga4 #eai-bj2 ,joh4 ,diac41 ,vita ,greg4 ,magn41 #a4 #da1 #db1 ,,mpl #ge4 #hj4 #aa4 ,l4 ,du*esne1 ,*ri/ian ,wor%ip1 7,london1 #aijd7 #bdj1 #eae4 #ab4 ,p4 ,batiffol1 7note #g7 #aig-bja2 ,l4 ,eis5h(]1 ,h&bu* d] ,ka?olis*5 ,liturgik1 #b vols4 7,freiburg im ,breisgau1 #aibc7 ,i1 #ehb-f4 #ac4 ,at ?is po9t ! def9ition ( processio 9 ,canon ,law is ( int]e/3 ,nom9e sacr>um processionum significantur solemnes supplicationes quae a populi fideli1 duce cl]o1 fiunt eundo ord9atim de loco sacro ad locum sacrum1 ad excit&am fidelium pietatem1 ad commemor&a ,dei b5eficia eique gratias ag5das1 ad div9um auxilium implor&um4 ,c4 #abij4 ,i4 #ad4 ,b4 ,m4 ,peebles1 8,=tunatus1 ,poet ( ! ,holy ,cross10 ,am]4 ,*ur* ,mon?ly #ch 7#aice1 ,july-,sept47 #aeb-aff4 ,8 acc\nt is bas$ ^u ,greg4 ,turon541 ,hi/4 franc41 ,,ix1 #dj2 ,baudonovia1 ,vita ,s4 ,rad41 ,,ii4 #af4 #ae4 ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]1 ,salve fe/a dies1 ,t,a,ph,a1 #gh 7#aidg7 #bjh-bbb4 ,translation1 ,s4 ,a4 ,hurlbut2 = ,salve fe/a dies1 traditional4 #af4 ,dom ,m4 ,frot91 ,lib] ord9um1 9 ,monum5ta ecclesiae liturgica1 #e 7,p>is1 #aijd7 #agh-hg2 ,isidore ( ,seville1 ,de ecclesia/icis (ficiis1 #a4 #ch4 #ag4 ,frot91 supra1 #agi4 #ah4 ,a4 ,s4 ,walpole1 ,e>ly ,lat9 ,hymns1 7*4 #a1 note #c7 #ccg-cdj4 ,translation1 #a/ l9e1 ,walpole4 #ai4 ,du*esne1 supra1 #afb-d4 #bj4 ,walpole1 supra1 #cdb-d4 #ba4 ,translations 9 ?is *apt]1 unless o!rwise not$1 are furni%$ by ! au?or4 #bb4 ,l4 ,gauti]1 ,hi/oire de la ,posie liturgique etc4 7*4 #d1 note #i7 *4 ,,vi1 ,v]sus4 #bc4 ,von d5 ,/e951 ,notk] d] ,di*t] etc4 7*4 #d1 note #be7 ,i1 #dj-db4 #bd4 ,eis5h(] 7see note #ab7 ,i1 #ebb-c4 #be4 ,dom ,a4 ,wilm>t1 ,auteurs spirituels etc4 7,p>is1 #aicb7 #bf-cf4 #bf4 ,r4 ,e4 ,mess5g]1 ,sancta ,m>ia quid e/81 ,ca?4 ,*oirma/]1 ,june1 #aiej4 #bg4 ,eis5h(]1 supra1 ,i1 #ajj-ajb4 #bh4 ,du ,cange1 see v]s>ius4 #bi4 ,gulielmus ,dur&us1 ,rationale div9orum (ficiorum 7,lugd9i1 #afab7 ,bk4 ,,iv1 ,de accessu sac]dotis ac pontificis ad alt>e et de ,processione4 #cj4 ,ibid4 fol4 #ajb4 #ca4 ,d4 ,attwat]1 ,diction>y ( ,sa9ts 7,london1 #aich7 #ahj4 #cb4 ,g4 ,reese1 ,music 9 ! ,middle ,ages 7*4 #a1 note #aa7 #bja4 #cc4 ,l4 ,ell9wood1 8,! ,conductus10 ,musical ,qu>t]ly1 #bg 7#aida7 #b4 #afe-bjc4 ,*apt] ,sev5 ,influ5ce & ,survival ( ,lat9 ,hymns #a4 ,w4 ,b4 ,s$gwick1 8,! ,orig9 ( ,rhyme10 7*4 #d1 note #bh7 #ccc4 #b4 ,= translations see ,hel5 ,j4 ,waddell1 ,m$ieval ,lat9 ,lyrics 7,london1 #aibi72 ,! ,w&]+ ,s*ol>s 7,new ,york1 #aidi71 new edition4 #c4 ,p4 ,s4 ,all51 ,romanesque ,lyric 7*4 #d1 note #bh71 ,*4 ,,xii1 especially p4 #bbc4 #d4 ,f4 ,j4 ,e4 ,raby1 ,hi/ory ( ,secul> ,lat9 poetry 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 #b vols4 7,ox=d1 #aicd7 ,,ii1 #ccb4 #e4 ,e4 ,m4 ,san=d1 8,7 ! ,hymns ( ,prud5tius actually sung80 ,classical ,philology #ca 7#aicf7 #ga4 #f4 ,= ! texts ( liturgical plays1 see ,k4 ,"y1 ,! ,drama ( ! ,m$ieval ,*ur*1 #b vols4 7,ox=d1 #aicc74 #g4 ,b4 ,m4 ,peebles1 8,o ,roma nobilis10 ,am]4 ,b5$ict9e ,review1 ,i 7#aiej7 no4 #a4 #h4 ,r4 ,/roppel1 ,liturgie und gei/li*e ,di*tung 7,frankfurt am ,ma91 #aibg7 #ec-e3 ,s4 ,s+]1 8,k>ol+is*e ,r5aissance10 ,g]manis*-,romanis* ,monats*rift1 #ac 7#aibe7 #bjj-a4 #i4 ,k4 ,e4 ,wack]nagel1 ,das deuts*e ,kir*5li$ etc41 #e vols4 7,leipzig1 #ahfd-gg7 vol4 ,i4 #aj4 ,k4 ,mey]1 ,selections f ,anci5t ,iri% ,poetry 7,london1 #aiaa7 ,introd4 #ac4 #aa4 ,j4 ,pokorny1 ,die lte/e ,lyrik d] grn5 ,insel 7,halle ,s41 #aibc7 #ac1 #ad4 #ab4 ,w4 ,mey]1 8,liturgie1 ,kun/ und ,di*tung 9 ,mittelalt]10 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung5 7,b]l91 #aije7 #cga4 #ac4 ,p4 von ,w9t]feld1 8,/ilfrag5 d] late9is*5 ,di*tung des ,mittelalt]s10 ,deuts*e ,di*t] des late9is*5 ,mittelalt]s 7,mn*51 #aibb7 #ddj4 #ad4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,ca?olic ,un4 ,press1 #aidb1 especially p4 #bba1 #bca1 #bdh1 #bff4 #ae4 ,h4 ,koht1 8,m$ieval ,lib]ty ,poems10 ,am]4 ,hi/4 ,review1 #dh 7#aidc7 no4 #b1 #bha-bij4 #af4 ,h4 ,spanke1 8b] das ,=tleb5 d] ,sequ5z5=m 9 d5 ,romanis*5 ,spra*5s10 ,zeits*rift f4 ,rom4 ,philol4 #ea 7#aica7 #cji-ccd4 #ag4 ,e4 ,a4 ,pe]s4 ,ramon ,lull 7,london1 #aibi7 #adj4 #ah4 ,see translation by ,h4 ,c4 ,robb9s1 #aici1 8,mo/ ,high1 ,omnipot5t1 ,good ,"l40 #ai4 ,= a brief acc\nt1 see ,j4 ,pulv]1 8,laudi spirituali10 ,musical ,op9ion1 ,m>*1 #aich1 #ejc-d2 ,april1 #aich1 #fjb-c2 ,may1 #aich1 #fia-b4 #bj4 ,see ,bibliography = ^! titles4 #ba4 ,dom ,jean ,/phan1 ,! ,ade/e fideles1 8,publications10 ,buckfa/ ,abbey1 ,s\? ,devon1 ,engl&1 #aidg4 ,translation1 ,fr$]ick ,oakeley4 #bb4 ,m4 ,britt1 ,hymns ( ! ,brevi>y & ,missal 7,new ,york1 #aibb1 #aidh71 a /&>d & indisp5sable "w4 ,bibliography ,i4 ,bibliographies ,lecl]cq1 ,l41 ,article 8,hymnes01 ,dictionnaire d'ar*ologie *rti5ne et de liturgie4 ,conta9s ext5sive bibliography ^u ! subject ( m$ieval hymnology4 ,f>r>1 ,c4 ,p4 & ,evans1 ,a4 ,p41 ,bibliography ( ,engli% ,translations f m$ieval s\rces4 ,new ,york1 #aidf4 ,hymns1 #bjbe-bjde4 ,raby1 ,f4 ,j4 ,e41 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian-,lat9 poetry f ! beg9n+ to ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,ox=d1 #aibg4 ,bibliography classifi$ by au?ors & p]iods4 ,reese1 ,g41 ,music 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,new ,york1 #aida4 ,conta9s ext5sive bibliography includ+ _m p]iodical articles4 ,,ii4 ,collections & ,indices ,analecta hymnica m$ii aevi1 edit$ by ,c4 ,blume & ,g4 ,m4 ,dreves1 #ee vols4 ,leipzig1 #ahhf-aibb4 ,introductions mo/ in=mative4 ,analecta liturgica1 "p #b1 vols4 ,i1 ,!saurus hymnologicus2 ,,ii1 ,prosae1 edit$ by ,e4 ,misset & ,w4 ,h4 ,j4 ,weale4 ,insulis et ,brugis1 #ahhh-aijb4 ,blume1 ,c4 & ,dreves1 ,g4 ,m41 ,hymnologis*e ,beitrge 7,quell5 und ,=s*ung5 zur ,ges*i*te d] late9is*5 ,hymn5di*tung51 #b vols474 ,leipzig1 #ahig-aija4 ,*evali]1 ,c4 ,u4 ,j41 ,rep]torium hymnologicum1 catalogue des *ants1 hymnes1 proses1 sequ5ces1 tropes1 #f vols4 ,l\va91 ,bruxelles1 #ahib-aibj4 ,publi%$ z supplem5ts to ! ,analecta ,boll&iana4 ,daniel1 ,h4 ,a41 ,!saurus hymnologicus1 #e vols4 ,lipsiae1 #ahee-ahef1 #bnd edition4 ,gaselee1 ,s41 ,! ,ox=d ,book ( m$ieval ,lat9 v]se4 ,ox=d1 #aibh4 ,g]m+1 ,m41 ,lat9 hymns4 ,*icago1 #aibj4 ,text book4 del ,gr&e1 ,c41 ,liturgiae preces hymni ,*ri/ianorum e papyris collecti4 ,neapel1 #aicd4 ,gr5fell1 ,b4 & ,hunt1 ,a41 ,oxyrhyn*us papyri1 ,"p ,,xv4 ,london1 #aibb4 ,h>ris1 ,r4 & ,m+ana1 ,a41 ,! odes & psalms ( ,solomon1 ,i4 ,text1 ,,ii4 ,translation4 ,man*e/]1 #aiaf-aibj4 ,hurlbut1 ,s4 ,a41 ,hortus conclusus1 ,m$ieval ,lat9 hymns ) ,engli% r5d]+s1 #aj p>ts4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aicj-aicf4 ,kehre91 ,j41 ,late9is*e ,sequ5z5 des ,mittelalt]s4 ,ma9z1 #ahgc4 ,! mo/ ext5sive collection ( sequ5ces made up to t date4 ,mc ,d\gall1 ,a4 ,g41 ,pange l+ua3 brevi>y hymns ( old uses ) an ,engli% r5d]+4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,me>ns1 ,j41 ,canticles ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ea/]n & we/]n 9 e>ly & m$ieval times4 ,cambridge1 #aiad4 ,m]rill1 ,w4 ,a41 ,lat9 hymns4 ,new ,york1 #aiag4 ,text book4 ,mone1 ,f4 ,j41 ,late9is*e ,hymn5 des ,mittelalt]s1 #c vols4 ,freiburg im ,breisgau1 #ahec-ahee4 ,morel1 ,g41 ,late9is*e ,hymn5 des ,mittelalt]s1 grs/5!ils aus ,h&s*rift5 s*weiz]is*5 ,klo/]1 als ,na*trag zu d5 ,hymn5sammlung5 von ,mone1 ,daniel ,&]n4 ,e9si$eln1 #ahff4 ,neale1 ,j4 ,m41 ,hymni ecclesiae e brevi>iis quibusdam et missalibus ,gallicanis1 ,g]manis1 ,hispanis1 ,lusitanis desumpti4 ,ox=d1 #ahea4 ----1 ,sequ5tiae ex missalibus ,g]manis1 ,anglicis1 ,gallicis1 aliisque m$ii aevi1 collectae4 ,london1 #aheb4 ,newman1 ,j4 ,h41 ,hymni ecclesiae1 ,london1 #ahch1 #ahfe4 ,phillimore1 ,j4 ,s41 ,! hundr$ be/ ,lat9 hymns4 ,london1 #aibf4 ,attractive an?ology4 ,poetae lat9i aevi ,c>ol9i 9 ,monum5ta ,g]maniae ,hi/orica4444 ,poet>um lat9orum m$ii aevi1 vol4 iv1 edit$ by ,p4 von ,w9t]feld4 ,b]l91 #aibc4 ,ro?1 ,f4 ,w4 ,e41 ,late9is*e ,hymn5 des ,mittelalt]s4 ,augsburg1 #ahhg4 ,int5d$ z a supplem5t to l>g] collections4 ,wack]nagel1 ,k4 ,e41 ,das deuts*5 ,kir*5li$1 #e vols4 ,leipzig1 #ahfd-ahgg4 ,vol4 ,i conta9s ,lat9 hymns4 ,walpole1 ,a4 ,s41 ,e>ly ,lat9 hymns4 ,cambridge1 #aibb4 ,weale1 ,w4 ,h4 ,j41 ,analecta liturgica1 ,"p ,,ii1 vols4 ,i1 ,,ii1 ,!saurus hymnologicus--,prosae4 ,insulis et ,brugis1 #ahhh-aijb4 ,,iii4 ,hi/ory & ,au?ors ( ,lat9 ,hymns ,all51 ,p4 ,s41 ,m$iaeval ,lat9 lyrics4 ,*icago1 #aica4 ,baldw91 ,c4 ,s41 ,m$ieval rhetoric & poetic4 ,new ,york1 #aibh4 ,b>d5hew]1 ,o41 ,ges*i*te d] altkir*li*5 ,lit]atur1 #e vols4 ,freiburg 9 ,breisgau1 #aiab-aicb4 ,beck1 ,c41 ,mittellate9is*e ,di*tung4 ,b]l91 #aibg4 ,b5son1 ,l4 ,f41 ,hymnody ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,new ,york1 #aibg4 ,biraghi1 ,l41 ,inni s9c]i e c>mi di ,sant',ambrogio4 ,milano1 #ahfb4 ,blume1 ,c41 ,articles 8,hymn01 8,hymnody & ,hymnology40 ,ca?4 ,enc4 ,c\lt]1 ,c4 ,c41 8,lat9 hymns ( ! ,middle ,ages01 ,/udies 9 ,philology1 #ba 7#aibd7 #ega-ehe4 ,de,ghellinck1 ,j41 ,s4 ,j41 ,littrature ,lat9e au ,moy5 ,age1 #b vols4 ,p>is1 #aici4 ----1 ,littrature ,lat9e au ,x,i,ie ,sicle1 #b vols4 ,brussels1 #aidf4 ,de ,labriolle1 ,p41 ,hi/oire de la ,littrature lat9e *rti5ne4 ,p>is1 #aibd4 ,translation by ,h4 ,wilson1 ,hi/ory & ,lit]ature ( ,*ri/ianity f ,t]tullian to ,boe?ius4 ,new ,york1 #aibe4 ,donahue1 ,d4 ,j41 8,! sacr$ songs ( ! ,middle ,ages01 ,ca?4 ,hi/4 ,rev41 ,n4 ,s4 vol4 #c 7#aibc7 #bag-bce4 ,dreves1 ,g4 ,m41 ,e9 ,jahrtaus5d late9is*] ,hymn5di*tung1 ,e9e ,blt5lese aus d5 ,anal4 hymn4 mit lit]>hi/oris*5 ,erlut]ung51 #b vols4 ,leipzig1 #aiji4 ,duckett1 ,e4 ,s41 ,gateway to ! ,middle ,ages4 ,new ,york1 #aich4 ----1 ,lat9 writ]s ( ! #e? c5tury4 ,new ,york1 #aicj4 ,dudd51 ,f4 ,h41 ,gregory ! ,great4 ,8 place 9 hi/ory & ?\ght1 #b vols4 ,new ,york1 #aije4 ----1 ,! life & times ( ,/4 ,ambrose1 #b vols4 ,ox=d1 #aice4 ,duffield1 ,s4 ,w41 ,! ,lat9 hymn-writ]s & _! hymns4 ,new ,york1 #ahhi4 ,eb]t1 ,a41 ,allgeme9e ,ges*i*te d] ,lit]atur des ,mittelalt]s im ,ab5dl&e1 #c vols4 ,leipzig1 #ahhj-ahhi4 #bnd edition ( vol4 ,i4 ,ga/\1 ,a41 8,proses et squ5ces01 ,tribune d4 ,s4 ,g]vais 7#aibb71 #fi-gb2 8,les orig9es liturgiques lat9es de la squ5ce01 #aec-aeh2 8,les types byzant9s de la squ5ce01 7#aibc7 #a-f4 ,gauti]1 ,l41 ,oeuvres potiques d',adam de ,sa9t-,victor4 ,p>is1 #ahha4 ,gillman1 ,f4 ,j41 ,evolution ( ! ,engli% hymn4 ,new ,york1 #aibg4 ,heid]1 ,a4 ,b41 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lat9 poetry4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aiah4 ,hl91 ,m41 ,hi/ory ( m$ieval ,lat9 lit]ature4 ,new ,york1 #aidi4 ,translat$ by ,j4 ,c4 ,sn[ f ,littrature d'occid5t3 ,hi/oire des lettres ,lat9es du ,moy5 ,age4 ,hughes1 ,h4 ,v41 ,dom ,anselm1 ,lat9 ,hymnody4 ,london1 #aibb4 ,julian1 ,j41 ,diction>y ( hymnology4 ,london1 #aibe4 ,kays]1 ,j41 ,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te und ,erklrung d] lte/5 ,kir*5hymn51 #b vols4 ,pad]born1 #ahha1 #ahhf4 ,koebn]1 ,r41 ,v5antius ,=tunatus4 ,leipzig1 #aiae4 ,kroll1 ,j41 ,die *ri/li*e ,hymnodik bis zu ,klem5s von ,alex&reia4 ,knigsburg3 ,prog4 d4 ,ak4 von ,braunsb]g1 #aiba-b4 s4 #dg-ih4 ----1 8,die ,hymn5di*tung des frh5 ,*ri/5tums01 ,die ,antike1 #b 7#aibf7 #beh-bha4 ,kuhnmu5*1 ,o41 ,s4 ,j41 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lat9 poets f ! #d?-#f? c5tury4 ,*icago1 #aibi4 ,lyn*1 ,c4 ,h41 ,/4 ,braulio1 ,bi%op ( ,s>agossa4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aich4 ,mac ,gilton1 ,a4 ,k41 ,/udy ( ,lat9 hymns4 ,bo/on1 #aiah4 ,manitius1 ,m41 ,ges*i*te d] *ri/li*-late9is*5 ,poesie bis zur ,mitte des #h4 ,jahrhund]ts4 ,/uttg>t1 #ahia4 ----1 ,ges*i*te d] late9is*5 ,lit]atur des ,mittelalt]s1 #c vols4 ,mn*51 #aiaa-aica4 ,m>yosip1 ,m41 ,! olde/ ,*ri/ian hymn-book4 ,temple1 ,texas1 #aidh4 ,mey]1 ,w41 ,d] ,geleg5heitsdi*t] ,v5antius ,=tunatus4 ,b]l91 #aija4 ,misset1 ,e4 et ,aubry1 ,p41 ,les ,proses d',adam de ,sa9t-,victor1 texte et musique4 ,p>is1 #aijj4 ,my]s1 ,w4 ,n41 ,! hymns ( ,sa9t ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s 9 ! codex ,aret9us4 ,phila41 #aibh4 ,peebles1 ,b4 ,m41 8,=tunatus1 poet ( ! ,holy ,cross01 ,am]4 ,*ur* ,mon?ly1 #ch 7#aice7 #aeb-aff4 ----1 ,! ,poet ,prud5tius4 ,bo/on ,college ,c&lemas ,lectures on ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature3 no4 #b4 ,new ,york1 #aiea4 ,phillips1 ,c4 ,s41 ,hymnody pa/ & pres5t4 ,london1 #aicg4 ,r&1 ,e4 ,k41 ,f\nd]s ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,cambridge1 #aibh4 ,sage1 ,c4 ,m41 ,paul ,alb> ( ,cordova3 ,/udies on 8 life & writ+s4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aidc4 ,t>di1 ,d41 ,=tunat4 tude sur un d]ni] reprs5tant de la posie lat9e le ,gaule m]ov+i5ne4 ,p>is1 #aibg4 ,tr5*1 ,r4 ,c41 ,sacr$ ,lat9 poetry4 ,london1 #ahgd4 ,weyman1 ,c41 ,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te d] *ri/li*-late9is*5 ,poesie4 ,mn*51 #aibf4 ,wilm>t1 ,a4 ,dom1 ,auteurs spirituels et textes dvots du moy5 ge ,lat94 tudes d'hi/oire litt]aire4 ,p>is1 #aicb4 ----1 8,le ,psauti] de la re9e1 ,n4 ,,xi1 sa prov5ance et sa date01 ,revue ,bndict9e1 ,july-,oct4 #aiaa1 #cda ff4 ,wrangham1 ,d4 ,s41 ,liturgical poetry ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,london1 #ahha4 ,,iv4 ,hymns & ,liturgy ,antiphon>ium ,h>tk]i1 saec4 ,,xi1 ,/4 ,gall ,,ms1 #cij-cia1 p4 #ae-af4 ,palographie ,musicale1 ,deuxime ,srie1 ,tome #a4 ,antiphon>y ( ,bangor1 ,an e>ly ,iri% manuscript 9 ! ,ambrosian ,libr>y at ,milan1 edit$ by ,f4 ,e4 ,w>r54 ,h5ry ,brad%aw ,society ,pub4 vols4 #d1 #aj4 ,london1 #ahic1 #ahie4 ,batiffol1 ,p41 tudes de liturgie et d'ar*ologie *rti5ne1 ,*4 ,,vi1 ,la ,*&eleur1 #aic-bae4 ,p>is1 #aiai4 ----1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,translat$ f ! #crd ,fr5* edition by ,a4 ,m4 ,baylay4 ,london1 #aiab4 ,bi%op1 ,e41 ,liturgica hi/orica1 ,ox=d1 #aiah4 ----1 8,spani% ,symptoms01 ,!ological ,/udies1 #h 7#aijg7 #bgh-bid4 ----1 ,! ,moz>abic & ,ambrosian ,rites4 ,london1 #aibd4 ,blume1 ,c41 ,d] cursus ,s4 ,b5$icti ,nurs9i und die liturgis*5 ,hymn5 des #f4-i4 ,jahrhund]ts4 ,leipzig1 #aijh4 ----1 ,uns]e liturgis*5 ,li$]4 ,reg5sburg1 #aicb4 ,bohatta1 ,h41 ,bibliographie des livres d'heures etc4 ,wi51 #aibd1 #bnd ed4 ,brevi>ium ,go?icum1 edit$ by ,a4 ,lor5zana4 ,madrid1 #agge4 ,see ,migne1 ,p4 ,l41 #hf4 ,britt1 ,m41 ,hymns ( ! ,brevi>y & ,missal4 ,new ,york1 #aibb1 #aidh4 ,bu*anan1 ,e4 ,s41 ,an e>ly ,lat9 song-book4 ,new ,york1 #aicj4 #ac? ,c4 ,ms4 ,burgess1 ,h41 ,select metrical hymns & homilies ( ,ephrem ,syrus4 ,london1 #ahee4 ,*amb]s1 ,j4 ,d41 ,div9e wor%ip 9 ,engl& 9 ! #ac? & #ad?1 contra/$ ) & adapt$ to t 9 ! #ai? ,c4 ,london1 #ahgg4 ,*atfield1 ,a4 ,w41 ,songs & hymns ( ! e>lie/ ,greek ,*ri/ian poets4 ,london1 #ahgf4 ,d[d51 ,j41 ,*ur* ye> & kal5d>4 ,cambridge1 #aiaj4 ,du*esne1 ,l41 ,orig9es du culte *rti54 ,translation ,*ri/ian wor%ip3 orig9 & evolution f ! #crd ,fr5* edition by ,m4 ,l4 ,mc,clure4 ,london1 #aijd4 ,dur&us1 ,gulielmus1 ,rationale div9orum (ficiorum 7#abhf74 ,lugduni1 #afab4 ,fi%]1 ,a4 ,h41 ,ca!dral *ur* ( ,h]e=d4 ,london1 #ahih4 ,=tescue1 ,a41 ,conc]n+ ,hymns4 ,see ,introduction to ,a4 ,g4 ,mc,dougall1 ,pange l+ua1 above4 ----1 ,! ,mass3 a /udy ( ! ,roman liturgy4 ,london1 #aiad4 ,gauti]1 ,l41 ,hi/oire de la ,posie liturgique au ,moy5 ,age4 ,les ,tropes4 ,p>is1 #ahhf4 ,h]e=d ,brevi>y1 edit$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,fr]e & ,l4 ,e4 ,g4 ,br[n4 ,h5ry ,brad%aw ,society ,pub4 vols4 #bf1 #dj4 ,london1 #aijd1 #aiaa4 ,horae ,beatae ,m>iae ,virg9is or ,s>um & ,york ,prim]s1 edit$ by ,e4 ,hosk9s4 ,london1 #aija4 ,horae ,eborac5ses1 ,prym] or ,h\rs ( ! ,b4 ,v4 ,m41 edit$ by ,c4 ,wordswor?4 ,surtees ,society ,pub4 vol4 #acb4 ,london1 #aiai4 ,hymnale secundum usum 444 ecclesiae ,s>isburi5sis1 edit$ by ,a4 ,c4 ,wilson & ,dr4 ,/ubbs4 ,littlemore1 #ahej4 ,hymn>ium ,s>isburi5se4 ,london1 #ahea4 ,incomplete4 ,! ,hymn]1 ,translations ( ! hymns f ! ,s>um ,brevi>y toge!r ) sundry sequ5ces & processions4 ,london1 #aije4 ,hymns1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 hi/orical edition4 ,london1 #aiji4 ,introduction by ,w4 ,h4 ,fr]e on hi/ory ( hymns1 treats ,lat9 hymns f liturgical po9t ( view4 ,iri% ,lib] ,hymnorum1 edit$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,b]n>d & ,r4 ,atk9son4 ,h5ry ,brad%aw ,society ,pub4 vols4 #ac1 #ad4 ,london1 #ahig1 #ahih4 ,jahrbu* fr ,liturgiewiss5s*aft1 edit$ by ,o4 ,casel1 ,o4 ,s4 ,b4 ,mn/] i4 ,w41 #aiba-aicd4 ,vol4 xiv 7#aicd7 0 publi%$ 9 #aich4 ,invaluable bibliography = e field ( m$ieval hymnology4 ,_m reviews ( articles o!rwise unobta9able4 ,jones1 ,w4 ,h41 ,diocesan hi/ories3 ,salisbury4 ,london1 #ahhj4 ,lat9 hymns ( ! ,anglo-,saxon *ur*1 edit$ by ,j4 ,/ev5son4 ,surtees ,society ,pub4 vol4 #bc4 ,durham1 #ahea4 ,mc,clure1 ,m4 ,l4 & ,feltoe1 ,e4 ,l41 ,! ,pilgrimage ( ,e!ria4 ,translations ( ,*ri/ian lit]ature1 ,s]ies ,,iii1 ,liturgical texts4 ,london1 #aiai4 ,manuale et processionale ad usum insignis ecclesiae ,eborac5sis1 edit$ by ,w4 ,g4 ,h5d]son4 ,surtees ,society ,pub4 vol4 #fc4 ,durham1 #ahge4 ,maskell1 ,w41 ,anci5t liturgy ( ! *ur* ( ,engl&4 ,ox=d1 #ahhb4 #crd edition4 ----1 ,monum5ta ritualia ecclesiae ,anglicanae1 #c vols4 ,ox=d1 #ahhb4 #bnd edition4 ,me>ns1 ,j41 ,e>ly ,lat9 hymn>ies1 an index ( hymns 9 hymn>ies be=e #aajj1 ) an app5dix f lat] s\rces4 ,cambridge1 #aiac4 ,missale ad usum insignis ecclesiae ,eborac5sis1 edit$ by ,w4 ,g4 ,h5d]son4 ,surtees ,society ,pub4 vols4 #ei1 #fj4 ,durham1 #ahgd4 ,missale ad usum p]celebris ecclesiae ,h]=d5sis1 edit$ by ,w4 ,g4 ,h5d]son4 ,le$s1 #ahgd4 ,missale mixtum1 edit$ by ,a4 ,lesley1 ,s4 ,j4 ,rome1 #agee4 ,see ,migne1 ,p4 ,l4 #hf4 ,moz>abic ,psalt]1 edit$ by ,j4 ,p4 ,gilson4 ,h5ry ,brad%aw ,society ,pub4 vol4 #cj4 ,london1 #aije4 ,neale1 ,j4 ,m4 & ,=bes1 ,g4 ,h41 ,! anci5t liturgies ( ! ,gallican *ur*4 ,burntisl&1 #ahee4 ,ord9ale & cu/om>y ( ! ,b5$ict9e nuns ( ,b>k+ abbey1 edit$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,l4 ,tolhur/4 ,h5ry ,brad%aw ,society ,pub4 #b vols4 ,london1 #aibg1 #aibh4 ,ornsby1 ,g41 ,york3 diocesan hi/ories4 ,london1 no date4 ,phillott1 ,h4 ,w41 ,h]e=d3 diocesan hi/ories4 ,london1 no date4 ,processional ( ! nuns ( ,*e/]1 edit$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,legg4 ,h5ry ,brad%aw ,society ,pub4 vol4 #ah4 ,london1 #ahii4 ,processionale ad usum 444 ,s>um1 edit$ by ,w4 ,g4 ,h5d]son4 ,le$s1 #ahhb4 ,prym]1 edit$ by ,h4 ,littlehales4 ,e>ly ,engli% ,text ,society1 orig9al s]ies #aje1 #aji4 ,london1 #ahie1 #ahig4 ,rock1 ,d41 ,*ur* ( our fa!rs z se5 9 ,/4 ,osmund's rite = ! ca!dral ( ,salisbury1 #d vols4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,w4 ,h>t & ,w4 ,h4 ,fr]e4 ,london1 #aijc-aijd4 ,s>um ,missal1 edit$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,legg4 ,ox=d1 #aiaf4 ,s>um missal1 done into ,engli% by ,a4 ,h4 ,pe>son4 ,london1 #ahhd4 #bnd edition4 ,s>um missal1 translat$ by ,f4 ,e4 ,w>r54 ,london1 #aiaa4 7,libr>y ( liturgiology & ecclesiology = ,engli% read]s1 vols4 #h & #i47 ,s4 ,silviae1 quae f]tur1 ,p]egr9atio ad loca sancta1 ,,csel #ci4 #ce-aja4 ,v9dobonae1 #ahih4 ,/roppel1 ,r41 ,liturgie und gei/li*e ,di*tung #ajej-acjj4 ,frankfurt am ,ma91 #aibg4 ,swete1 ,h4 ,b41 ,*ur* s]vices & s]vice books be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,london1 #ahif4 ,?alh(]1 ,v4 & ,eis5h(]1 ,l41 ,h&bu* d] ka?olis*5 ,liturgik1 #b vols4 ,freiburg im ,breisgau1 #aiab4 ,trop>y ( ,e!lr$1 publi%$ 9 ,missale 444 ,eborac5sis1 above4 ,w9*e/] trop]1 edit$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,fr]e4 ,h5ry ,brad%aw ,society ,pub4 ,london1 #ahid4 ,wordswor?1 ,c41 ,c]emonies & processions ( ! ca!dral *ur* ( ,salisbury4 ,cambridge1 #aija4 ----1 ,notes on m$iaeval s]vices 9 ,engl&4 ,london1 #ahih4 ----1 & ,h4 ,littlehales1 ,! old s]vice books ( ! ,engli% *ur*4 ,london1 #aijd4 ,york brevi>y1 edit$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,srawley4 ,surtees ,society ,pub4 vols4 #ga1 #ge4 ,durham1 #ahhj1 #ahhc4 ,v4 ,hymns & ,m$ieval ,culture1 especially ,art1 ,drama1 ,lit]ature & ,music ,acta ,sanctorum quotquot orbe coluntur 444 collegit ,joannes ,boll&us etc41 #afdc et seq4 ,addison1 ,j4 ,t41 ,m$ieval ,mission>y4 ,a /udy ( ! conv]sion ( nor!rn ,europe ,a4 ,d4 #ejj-acjj4 ,new ,york1 #aicf4 ,?is book sup]s$es e>li] works4 ,all51 ,p4 ,s41 ,romanesque lyric4 ,*apel ,hill1 #aibh4 ,altamira1 ,r41 ,hi/ory ( ,spani% ,civilization1 translat$ by ,p4 ,volkov4 ,london1 #aicj4 ,ante-,nic5e fa!rs1 vol4 ,,viii4 ,am]ican ,repr9t4 ,buffalo1 #ahhf4 ,= ,apocryphal books ( ! ,n4 ,t4 ,antiphonale mona/icum pro diurnis horis ord9is ,sancti ,b5$icti a solesm5sibus mona*is re/itutum4 ,p>isiis1 ,tornaci1 ,romae4 #aice4 ,= ,gregorian music4 ,apocryphal ,new ,te/am5t1 edit$ by ,m4 ,r4 ,james4 ,ox=d1 #aibd4 ,blume1 ,c41 8,hymnologie und ,kulturges*i*te des ,mittelalt]s01 9 ,fe/s*rift f4 ,georg von ,h]tl+4 ,kempt51 #aiac4 ,pp4 #aag-acj4 ,brehi]1 ,l41 ,l'art *rti54 ,p>is1 #aibh4 #bnd edition4 ,br[n1 ,c41 ,engli% lyrics ( ! #ac? c5tury4 ,london1 #aicb4 ----1 ,religi\s lyrics ( ! #ad? c5tury4 ,ox=d1 #aibd4 ----1 ,religi\s lyrics ( ! #ae? c5tury4 ,ox=d1 #aici4 ----1 ,regi/] ( ,middle ,engli% religi\s & didactic v]se1 ,pt4 ,,ii4 ,ox=d1 #aibj4 ,burda*1 ,k41 ,vorspiel1 ,bd4 ,i4 b] d5 ,ursprung des mittelalt]li*5 ,m9nesangs1 ,liebesromans und ,frau5di5/es4 ,halle ,s41 #aibe4 ,*amb]s1 ,e4 ,k41 ,m$iaeval ,/age1 #b vols4 ,ox=d1 #aijc4 ,cl>k1 ,j4 ,m41 ,! abbey ( ,/4 ,gall z a c5t] ( lit]ature & art4 ,cambridge1 #aibf4 ,coh51 ,g41 ,hi/oire de la mise en scne dans le ?atre religieux franais du moy5 ge4 ,p>is1 #aibf4 ,f9e bibliography4 ,creiz5a*1 ,w41 ,ges*i*te des neu]5 ,dramas1 vol4 ,i4 ,halle1 #aiaa4 ,cutts1 ,e4 ,l41 ,p>i% prie/s & _! p 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,london1 #aiad4 ,delehaye1 ,h41 ,les leg5des hagiographiques4 ,bruxelles1 #aije4 ,diehl1 ,c41 ,manuel d'art ,byzant94 ,p>is1 #aiaj4 ,dill1 ,s41 ,roman ,society 9 ,gaul 9 ! m]ov+ian age4 ,london1 #aibf4 ,d\glas1 ,w4 ,c41 ,*ur* music 9 hi/ory & practice4 ,new ,york1 #aicg4 ,drake1 ,m4 & ,w41 ,sa9ts & _! emblems4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,du*>tre1 ,p4 ,l41 ,mittelalt]li*e ,pla/ik 9 ,frankrei*4 ,mn*51 #aibe4 ,evans1 ,j41 ,mona/ic life at ,cluny1 #iaj-aaeg4 ,london1 #aica4 ,f>m]1 ,h4 ,g41 ,hi/orical facts = ! ,arabian musical influ5ce4 ,london1 #aicj4 ----1 ,hi/ory ( ,arabian music to ! ,x,i,i,ith ,c4 ,london1 #aibi4 ,fell]]1 ,k4 ,g41 ,beitrge zur ,musikges*i*te ,freis+s etc4 ,freis+1 #aibf4 ,gams1 ,dom ,p4 ,b41 ,die ,kir*5ges*i*te von ,spani51 #e vols4 ,reg5sburg1 #ahfb-ahgi4 ,g>cia ,villada1 ,hi/oria eclesi/ica de ,espaa1 #c vols4 9 #e4 ,madrid1 #aibi-aicf4 ,gasquet1 ,f4 ,a41 ,p>i% life 9 m$iaeval ,engl&4 ,london1 #aijg4 ,gauti]1 ,l41 ,la posie religieuse dans les clotres des ,i,xe-,x,ie sicles4 ,p>is1 #ahhg4 ,g\gaud1 ,l41 ,les *rti5ts ,celtiques4 ,p>is1 #aiaa4 ,g\rmont1 ,r4 de1 ,le ,lat9 my/ique2 les poetes de l'antiphonaire et la symbolique au moy5 ge4 ,p>is1 #aiac4 ,hauttmann1 ,m41 ,die ,kun/ des frh5 ,mittelalt]s4 ,b]l91 #aibi4 ,higg9son1 ,j4 ,v41 ,revival ( ,gregorian *ant4 ,pap]s ( ! ,hymn ,society ( ,am]ica1 ,,xv4 ,new ,york1 #aidi4 ,jacopo de ,vorag9e1 ,gold5 leg5d4 ,lives ( ! sa9ts z ,engli%$ by ,william ,caxton1 #g vols4 ,temple ,classics1 edit$ by ,f4 ,s4 ,ellis4 ,london1 #aijj4 ,jeanroy1 ,a41 ,le ?atre religieux en ,france du ,x,ie au ,x,i,i,ie sicles4 ,p>is1 #aibd4 ----1 ,les orig9es de la posie lyrique en ,france au moy5 ge4 ,p>is1 #aibe4 ,kretzman1 ,p4 ,e41 ,! liturgical elem5t 9 ! e>lie/ =ms ( ! m$ieval drama4 ,un4 ( ,m9nesota ,/udies 9 ,language & ,lit]ature1 no4 #d1 #aiaf4 ,kn/le1 ,k41 ,ikonographie d] ,heilig54 ,freiburg im ,breisgau1 #aibf4 ,lang1 ,p4 ,h41 ,music 9 we/]n civilization4 ,new ,york1 #aida4 ,lvi-,prov5al1 ,e41 ,la civilization arabe en ,espagne1 vue g5]al4 ,le ,caire1 #aich4 ,lu*aire1 ,a4 7,d4,j4,a47 ,social ,france at ! "t ( ,philip ,augu/us1 translat$ f ! #bnd ,fr5* edition by ,e4 ,b4 ,krehbiel4 ,new ,york1 #aiab4 ,mle1 ,e41 ,l'art religieux du ,x,i,ie sicle en ,france4 ,p>is1 #aibb4 ----1 ,l'art religieux du ,x,i,i,ie sicle en ,france4 ,p>is1 #aibc4 ----1 ,l'art religieux de la f9 du moy5 ge en ,france4 ,p>is1 #aibb4 ----1 ,l'art allem& et l'art franais du moy5 ge4 ,p>is1 #aibb4 ,mey]1 ,k41 ,selections f anci5t ,iri% poetry4 ,london1 #aiaa4 ,mey]1 ,w41 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung5 zur mittellate9is*5 ,ry?mik1 #b vols4 9 #a4 ,b]l91 #aije4 ,mll]1 ,h4 ,f41 8,pre-hi/ory ( ! m$iaeval drama01 ,zeits*rift fr romanis*e ,philologie1 ,bd4 #dd 7#aibd7 #edd-ege4 ,nelson1 ,p41 ,anci5t /a9$ glass 9 ,engl&4 ,london1 #aiac4 ,ow/1 ,g4 ,r41 ,prea*+ 9 m$ieval ,engl&4 ,cambridge1 #aibf4 ,prior1 ,e4 ,a4 & ,g>dn]1 ,a41 ,an acc\nt ( m$ieval figure-sculpture 9 ,engl&4 ,cambridge1 #aiab4 ,pokorny1 ,j41 ,die lte/e ,lyrik d] grn5 ,insel4 ,halle ,s41 #aibc4 ,qua/51 ,j41 ,musik und ,gesang 9 d5 ,kult5 d] heidnis*5 ,antike und *ri/li*5 ,frhzeit4 ,mn/] im ,w41 #aicj4 ,raby1 ,f4 ,j4 ,e41 ,a hi/ory ( secul> ,lat9 poetry 9 ! ,m4 ,a41 #b vols4 ,ox=d1 #aicd4 ,riao1 ,j4 ,f41 ,critical & bibliographical notes on e>ly ,spani% music4 ,london1 #ahhg4 ,s*ro$]1 ,si/] ,m4 ,j41 ,m>y-,v]se 9 ,mei/]gesang4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aidb4 ,s$gwick1 ,w4 ,b41 8,orig9 ( rhyme01 ,revue ,bndict9e1 #cf 7#aibd7 #ccj-cdf4 ,s+]1 ,s41 ,die ,di*t]s*ule von ,/4 ,gall54 ,leipzig1 #aibb4 ,spanke1 ,h41 ,deuts*e und franzsis*e ,di*tung des ,mittelalt]s4 ,/uttg>t1 #aidc4 ----1 8,zur ,ges*i*te d] spanis*5 ,musik des ,mittelalt]s01 ,hi/4 ,vi]teljahrs*rift1 #bh 7#aicd71 #gcg-ff4 ,/e951 ,w4 von d51 ,notk] d] ,di*t] und se9e gei/li*e ,welt1 #b vols41 ,b]n1 #aidh4 ,reviews & sup]s$es e>li] lit]ature on ,notk]4 ,vol4 ,,ii conta9s complete works ( ,notk]4 ,/rzyg[ski1 ,j41 ,orig9 ( ,*ri/ian *ur* art1 translat$ by ,dalton & ,braunholtz4 ,ox=d1 #aibc4 ,taylor1 ,h4 ,o41 ,! m$ieval m9d1 #b vols4 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 ,tr5d1 ,j4 ,b41 ,! music ( ,spani% hi/ory to #afjj4 ,london1 #aibf4 ,turn]1 ,w41 8,iri% tea*]s 9 ! ,c>ol+ian revival ( le>n+01 ,ca?4 ,un4 ,bullet91 ,,xiii1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aijg1 pp4 #chb1 #efb4 ,van ,dor51 ,dom ,r41 tude sur l'influ5ce musicale de l'abbaye de ,sa9t-,gall4 ,l\va91 #aibe4 ,wagn]1 ,p41 ,e9fhrung 9 die ,gregorianis*5 ,melodi51 ,london1 #aijg4 ----1 8,morg5- und ,ab5dl& 9 d] ,musikges*i*te01 ,/imm5 d] ,zeit1 ,bd4 #aad 7#aibg7 #aca-ade4 ----1 8,d] moz>abis*e ,kir*5gesang und se9] b]lief]ung01 9 ,f9ke1 ,h41 ,gesammelte ,aufstze zur ,kulturges*i*te ,spani5s1 ,reihe ,i1 ,bd4 ,i1 p4 #ajb-ada4 ,mn/]1 #aibh4 ,w>d1 ,j4 ,b41 ,gregorian ,*ant ,,ii4 ,belgium1 #aidi4 ,wehrle1 ,w4 ,o41 ,! mac>onic hymn tradition 9 m$ieval ,engli% lit]ature4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aicc4 ,wells1 ,j4 ,e41 ,manual ( ! writ+s 9 middle ,engli% #ajej-adjj4 ,new ,hav51 #aiaf4 ,von ,w9t]feld1 ,p41 8,die ,di*t]s*ule ,/4 ,gall5s und d] ,rei*5au unt] d] ,k>ol+]n und ,otton501 8,/ilfrag5 d] late9is*5 ,di*tung des ,mittelalt]s01 ,deuts*e ,di*t]1 p4 #djb-dbb1 #dbc-ddd4 ,mn*51 #aibb4 ,wo]deman1 ,dom ,j41 8,! s\rce ( ! ,ea/] play01 ,orate ,fratres1 #bj 7#aidf71 ,apr4 #be1 p4 #bfb-bgb4 ,"y1 ,k41 ,! drama ( ! m$ieval *ur*1 #b vols4 ,ox=d1 #aicc4 ,ru? ,ellis ,mess5g] ,publications ,e?ical ,tea*+s 9 ! ,lat9 ,hymns ( ,m$ieval ,engl&1 ,columbia ,un4 ,/udies 9 ,hi/ory1 ,economics & ,public ,law 7,new ,york1 #aicj7 #baj p4 ,articles ,pap]s ( ! ,hymn ,society ( ,am]ica1 ,editor1 ,c>l ,f4 ,price1 ,new ,york4 ,no4 ,,iii1 8,! ,praise ( ! ,virg9 9 ,e>ly ,lat9 ,hymns10 #aicb1 repr9t$ #aidd1 #aj p4 ,no4 ,,ix1 8,*ri/ian ,hymns ( ! ,fir/ ,?ree ,c5turies10 #aidb1 repr9t$ #aidi1 #be p4 ,no4 ,,xiv1 8,lat9 ,hymns ( ! ,middle ,ages10 #aidh1 #ad p4 ,transactions & ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,philological ,association 8,hymns & ,sequ5ces ( ! ,s>um ,use10 vol4 #ei 7#aibh7 #ii-abi4 ,ab/ract3 8,orig9 ( ! ,sequ5ce10 vol4 #fd 7#aicc7 lxv-lxvi4 8,! ,desc5t ,!me 9 ,m$ieval ,lat9 ,hymns10 vol4 #fg 7#aicf7 #abf-eg4 8,:5ce ! ,n9? ,c5tury ,hymnal810 vol4 #fi 7#aich7 #ddf-fd4 8,rec5t ,/udies 9 ,m$ieval ,lat9 ,hymns10 vol4 #ga 7#aidj7 #bdh-bfa4 8,! ,moz>abic ,hymnal10 vol4 #ge 7#aidd7 #ajc-abf4 8,salve ,fe/a ,dies10 vol4 #gh 7#aidg7 #bjh-bbb4 8,m$ieval ,processional ,hymns be=e #aajj10 vol4 #hj 7#aidi7 #cge-cib4 8,processional ,hymns ( ! ,lat] ,middle ,ages10 vol4 #ha 7#aiej7 #ahe-aii4 ,miscellane\s articles ,ca?olic ,*oirma/] 8,notk] ,balbulus10 ,sept4 #aidf1 #aja-e1 #aci4 8,sancta ,m>ia quid e/810 ,june1 #aiej1 #ei-fa1 #ha4 8,rabanus ,maurus10 ,summ]1 #aiea1 #ee-eg4 ,classical ,outlook 8,m$ieval ,ea/] ,hymns10 ,april1 #aidd1 #fe-f4 8,adam ( ,/4 ,victor10 ,feb41 #aidg1 #di-ea4 8,greek ,hymns ( ! ,nativity10 ,dec41 #aidh1 #be-f4 8,! ,eigh? ,day10 ,may1 #aiej1 #hh-i4 ,classical ,weekly 8,! ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,agnes 9 ,e>ly ,lat9 ,hymns10 ,nov4 #bi1 #aidc1 #ge4 8,! ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,eulalia 9 ,moz>abic ,hymns10 ,oct4 #i1 #aidd1 #ab-c4 8,hymns 9 ! ,horae ,eborac5ses10 ,jan4 #ae1 #aide1 #ij-e4 ,folia 8,s\rces ( ! ,sequ5ce ,scalam ad ,caelos10 ,may1 #aidg1 #ee-fc4 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