,a ,,few ,,suggestions ,,to ,mc,g,r,a,w-,,hill ,,authors ,a ,,few ,,suggestions ,,to ,mc,g,r,a,w-,,hill ,,authors ,,details ,,of ,,manuscript ,,preparation1 ,,typography1 ,,proof-,,reading ,,and ,,other ,,matters ,,involved ,,in ,,the ,,production ,,of ,,manuscripts ,,and ,,books ,,mcgraw-,,hill ,,book ,,company1 ,,inc4 ,,new ,,york3 #cgj ,,seventh ,,avenue ,,london3 #f #h ,,bouverie ,,st41 ,e4 ,c4 #d #aibb ,,copyright1 #aibb1 ,,by ,,the ,,mcgraw-,,hill ,,book ,,company1 ,,inc4 ,,introduction ,the ,mc,graw-,hill ,book ,company was formed on ,july #a1 #aiji1 by a consolidation of the book departments of the ,mc,graw ,publishing ,company and the ,hill ,publishing ,company1 then separate publishers of engineering journals and books4 ,for over twenty years1 prior to the formation of the ,mc,graw-,hill ,book ,company1 the several journals controlled by ,mr4 ,mc,graw and ,mr4 ,hill 7now published by the ,mc,graw-,hill ,company1 ,inc41 a separate organization7 had been producing books in their special fields2 but the publication of technical books had not been brought to the high standard of technical journals4 ,from the beginning we adopted the slogan1 ,better ,books in ,text and ,manufacture4 ,it was evident to the men who had brought the leading technical journals of the country from comparative insignificance to positions of influence that there was need of a new technical literature--a literature for classroom and reference which should adequately supplement their periodicals4 ,our first efforts were largely in the field of engineering1 but presently we set new goals for ourselves4 ,by processes which seemed natural to us1 we have extended our publishing not only into the fields of chemistry1 physics1 mathematics and ,english1 with a view always of supplying better fundamental textbooks for students1 but also into the fields of agriculture1 business administration and economics4 ,similarly our range of publishing has broadened from the somewhat restricted field of applied science1 to include numerous works of high standard dealing with pure science4 ,in all these fields the aim has been1 not only to produce a better grade of text and reference book1 but to put behind each book a selling organization so competent that the maximum market1 both in this country and abroad1 would be reached4 ,without this the possibility of persuading important men1 in all branches of science1 to produce textbooks seemed futile1 for the author's return must always be in proportion to the distribution4 ,the association with the journals of the ,mc,graw-,hill ,company1 which we represent in all matters pertaining to the production of books1 brings us into close contact with the widest range of engineering and industrial activities4 ,the circulations of these journals include the leading engineers and executives of the world4 ,the list follows3 ,american ,machinist ,electric ,railway ,journal ,electrical ,world ,engineering and ,mining ,journal-,press ,coal ,age ,engineering ,news-,record ,power ,chemical and ,metallurgical ,engineering ,electrical ,merchandising ,industrial ,engineer ,bus ,transportation ,journal of ,electricity ,ingenieria ,internacional ,from these journals we draw both editorial guidance and marketing power4 ,they are the natural resources which simplified the problems of our early years and made possible our rapid development and growth1 until today1 by the application of the same editorial standards and marketing methods1 in broader fields1 we are able to offer to the author of technical books a highly developed machinery of publication and distribution4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,page ,i4 ,,uniformity ,,and ,,standards #a ,,ii4 ,,preparing ,,the ,,manuscript #c ,typing--,numbering the ,pages--,copy for ,footnotes--,copy for ,illustrations--,subdividing the ,text--,some ,details of ,typography--,bibliographies--,tables of ,contents-- ,indexes--,some ,details of ,style--,copyright ,infringements --,shipping the ,manuscript4 ,,iii4 ,,illustrations #aj ,line ,drawings--,halftone ,illustrations--,wax ,cuts--,in ,general--,the ,number of ,illustrations4 ,,iv4 ,,manufacturing ,,the ,,book #ad ,sample ,galleys--,galley ,proofs--,page ,proofs--,answering ,queries--,proof-reading--,author's ,corrections4 ,v4 ,,when ,,the ,,book ,,is ,,published #ai ,marketing a ,book--,corrections and ,revisions--,translations --,prompt ,publication4 ,a ,,few ,,suggestions ,,to ,mc,g,r,a,w-,,hill ,,authors ,i ,,uniformity ,,and ,,standards ,the purpose of these suggestions is fourfold3 7#a7 ,to assist our authors in preparing their manuscripts and in understanding the general process of publication4 7#b7 ,to lighten the burden of the editors1 typesetters1 and proof-readers in securing uniformity and adherence to high standards4 7#c7 ,to avoid complications and delays and--worst of all--the item of author's corrections4 7#d7 ,to obtain a standard of editorial details as uniformly high as that of the subject-matter of our books4 ,let it be understood1 first of all1 that these are suggestions1 not rules4 ,although we endeavor to maintain high standards1 we do not insist upon uniformity of style or consistency throughout the books in our widely diversified list4 ,the editor of a periodical or the proceedings of a society properly insists upon uniformity1 generally issues a style sheet to guide his contributors1 and edits all manuscript to fixed standards4 ,but since our books cover nearly all branches of science1 we feel that absolute uniformity would accomplish no good purpose4 ,throughout a single manuscript1 however1 in details of punctuation1 spelling1 abbreviation1 compounding of words1 side- and center-headings1 notation1 bibliographic references1 etc41 we do ask for the adoption of a conservative1 well-recognized standard4 ,even uniformity throughout a manuscript seems1 curiously enough1 most difficult to secure1 although the lack of it leads to misunderstandings1 delays and author's corrections1 with their attendant avoidable expenses4 ,we have used the phrase conservative1 well-recognized standard advisedly4 ,departure from such standards1 either in spelling1 punctuation1 systems of notation or otherwise1 is not advisable1 for whatever convictions the author and the publisher may have it is quite certain that the majority of the readers of any given book will be conservative and more often annoyed than otherwise by any radical departures from common practice4 ,without reference to our own views on simplified spelling1 for example1 we are confident that the radical simplified speller is neither surprised nor disturbed to find in a book what he would term old-fashioned spelling4 ,the conservative speller1 on the other hand1 is shocked even at tho and thru1 and the book suffers accordingly4 ,nevertheless1 we have no quarrel with sulfur in our manuscripts on chemical subjects1 or with any other spelling which has been approved officially by the leading technical society in the particular field of the manuscript4 ,to secure consistency in details throughout his manuscript it is best for an author to adopt as his guides1 at the very beginning of his work1 some standard unabridged dictionary and an authoritative writer's manual1 and to stick to these alone until his book is on the market4 ,by this method he will give his book not only a high standard but uniformity in details4 ,,ii ,,preparing ,,the ,,manuscript ,the first requisite of good manuscript is obviously legibility4 ,to this end we suggest the following3 ,typing4--,manuscript should be typewritten in black on one side of white paper1 uniform in size and preferably #h-a_/baa inches4 ,a paper of reasonable thickness and toughness is desirable4 ,thin1 manifold paper should not be used for the publisher's copy4 ,the same spacing should be used as far as practicable on each sheet to facilitate estimates as to the number of words in the complete manuscript4 ,a margin of at least an inch should be left at top1 bottom1 and left-hand side4 ,single spacing should be avoided4 ,a carbon copy should invariably be made and retained by the author1 both for his reference and to protect him against possible loss of the original4 ,the original or ribbon copy should be sent to the publisher4 ,numbering the ,pages4--,sheets should be numbered consecutively in the upper right-hand corner from beginning to end and arranged in order of their numbers4 ,interpolated pages may be marked #cf;a1 #cf;b1 and so forth1 in accordance with the number of the preceding page4 ,if any pages are removed from the manuscript for any reason1 the preceding page should be double numbered1 as1 for example3 #cf #g or #cf-dj4 ,copy for ,footnotes4--,footnotes1 if used1 should be put into the body of the manuscript immediately following the reference and separated from the text by parallel lines above and below4 ,the number referring to the footnote should be placed in the text and before the footnote4 ,generally speaking1 we prefer the use of arabic numerals for footnotes1#a which should be carried out consecutively through each chapter1 when the footnotes are numerous1 with a new series for each chapter4 ,in cases where footnotes are relatively few1 the numerals may be repeated without risk of confusion from page to page as the footnotes occur4 ,footnote #a3 ,this footnote is to show the size of type 7#h point7 which we generally use for footnotes4 ,incidentally this booklet is set up in #aj point1 and in the general typographical style of our reference and textbooks1 as distinguished from handbooks4 ,the dimensions of the type page and the trimmed size of the page are those we usually adopt for the standard #fi-;inch book4 ,copy for ,illustrations4--,drawings and photographs1 which are discussed more fully later1 should not be inserted in the manuscript1 because illustrations are sent to the engraver at the same time that the manuscript is sent to the printer4 ,small drawings should be pasted on separate sheets of paper1 one drawing to the sheet1 but large drawings and photographs should not be treated in this manner4 ,mounted photographs are entirely satisfactory1 but unmounted photographs should not be pasted on sheets or mounted1 except by an expert4 ,all illustrations should be referred to by figure numbers in the text and numbered correspondingly for identification on the copy4 ,we prefer to have illustrations numbered consecutively from the beginning to the end of the manuscript4 ,subdividing the ,text4--,in modern textbooks and scientific works the tendency is toward clearly marked subdivisions of the text4 ,to this end center-headings1 side-headings1 and subheadings are constantly used4 ,it is in general advisable that all manuscripts be prepared in this way4 ,as far as is possible the divisions should be of reasonable length in order that the text may be broken up sharply into its subdivisions4 ,in the case of textbooks intended for classroom use1 we find that teachers generally prefer divisions of approximately equal size and not over a page in length4 ,where the division is longer than a page1 subdivisions with side-headings in italics may be used4 ,bold-face headings may be indicated in the manuscript either by the letters b4 f4 or by underlining with a wavy line4 ,italics may be indicated by underlining with a straight line4 ,if bold-face capitals are required1 mark b4 f4 caps4 ,in the designation of headings and subheadings particular care should be taken to follow a consistent and easily understood plan4 ,some of our editors strongly recommend that every chapter should begin with an uncaptioned introductory paragraph to avoid the bald-headed appearance that results if a chapter begins immediately with a bold-face caption4 ,if a text is designed for one of the numerous series which we publish1 the author should consult the editor of the series for his preference in this and similar matters4 ,some ,details of ,typography4--,for classroom use the majority of teachers seem to prefer to have the side-headings numbered consecutively throughout the book4 ,tables and illustrations should be numbered consecutively throughout the book but in separate series4 ,tables should have an appropriate caption above1 and1 generally speaking1 illustrations should have a descriptive legend below4 ,tables should be arranged1 if possible1 so that they can be printed across the page4 ,when equations and formulas are numerous1 and especially in books designed for classroom use1 it is often advantageous to number them consecutively throughout the text4 ,for chapters and tables roman numerals should be used2 for all other series1 arabic4 ,excerpts from the works of other authors 7when they are more than a phrase or sentence71 problems1 examples and test questions are generally set in smaller type than the body of the text itself4 ,accordingly they should be clearly marked4 ,bibliographies4--,bibliographic references by footnotes serve in most books4 ,bibliographies of greater extent should be arranged alphabetically at the end of each chapter of the book1 or numbered serially and referred to by numbers in the text4 ,the custom is to print the titles of books in roman and the titles of periodicals in italics4 ,abbreviations should conform to the well-established style sheets of technical societies4 ,we recommend particularly the abbreviations of3 ,issued by the ,american ,society of ,,engineering ,,index ,mechanical ,engineers1 #bi ,west #cith ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,issued by the ,american ,chemical ,,chemical ,,abstracts ,society1 #agji ,g ,street1 ,n4 ,w41 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,issued by the ,board of ,control of ,botanical ,abstracts1 ,dr4 ,donald ,,botanical ,,abstracts ,reddick1 ,business ,manager1 ,cornell ,university1 ,ithaca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,issued by the ,zoological ,society of ,,the ,,zoological ,,record ,london1 ,regent's ,park1 ,london4 ,,the ,,international ,,catalogue ,issued by the ,royal ,society of ,,of ,,scientific ,,literature ,london4 ,the extent of the bibliography will vary1 of course1 with the nature of the subject and the treatment4 ,the tendency to-day appears to be toward rather excessive bibliographies1 which do not seem to us generally to be justified4 ,for a simple rule1 we recommend bibliographies of easily accessible sources4 ,tables of ,contents4--,detailed tables of contents to run in the front of the book serve a useful purpose4 ,they should1 however1 be kept down to reasonable limits4 ,there are three forms of contents used in our books3 7#a7 ,a simple list of chapter headings4 ,in many cases this is sufficient4 7#b7 ,chapter headings with all articles or sub-headings given underneath4 ,these may either be listed or run in4 ,with a good index1 such a full table of contents seems hardly to serve a useful purpose4 7#c7 ,the chapter headings with the outstanding sub-headings listed or run in underneath4 ,when these headings are selected carefully they give a quick but comprehensive picture of the contents4 ,lists of illustrations are nowadays generally regarded as unnecessary in a technical book1 and should be prepared only for the guidance of the author and the publisher4 ,indexes4--,a good subject index is necessary in all technical works4 ,a widely-read periodical in ,new ,york at one time published regularly the following notice of subject books which were submitted to it for review and found to be without indexes3 ,the publisher and the author did not think well enough of this book to supply it with a suitable index4 ,we feel1 therefore1 that it is hardly worthy of a review in our columns4 ,a good index is one which enables the reader or student to locate readily the subject or item which he seeks4 ,it is usually best for an author to make his own index4 ,a professional indexer is inclined to overload an index2 the author1 with his knowledge of the subject and a little study1 will generally produce a better working index4 ,our usual style of index is two columns to the page1 set in #h-point type1 with not more than two indentions4 ,the following example shows the use of the single and double indentions3 ,,index ,a ,acetylene starters1 #bfc ,air cooling1 #abe valve1 #dbe auxiliary1 #gb dashpot1 #gd ,alcohol1 heating value1 #gj use in radiator1 #abh ,alignment of wheels1 #dba ,alternating current generator1 simple1 #bhj ,ammeter1 method of connecting1 #acc operation of1 #ccg ,ampere1 definition of1 #acb ,anti-friction bearings1 #cfd ,armature type magneto1 #aia ,arm1 torque1 #djj ,atwater-,kent ignition systems1 #afc1 #afg ,b ,battery1 effect of overcharging1 #bde overfilling1 #beg undercharging1 #bde freezing temperature of1 #bej ignition systems1 #aei care of1 #ahf timing1 #ahe jars and covers1 #bdb markings1 #bdd necessity of pure water in1 #bdg operation of1 #bde rundown1 causes1 #bfj sediment1 #bfj specific gravity1 change in1 #bdg sulphation1 #bef testing with hydrometer1 #bdg1 #bdh with voltmeter1 #bee voltage1 #bdd ,serious objection is properly made to numerous page references under a single heading4 ,for example1 in a book on ,petroleum1 references to every page on which the word petroleum appears would obviously be valueless4 ,the solution lies in concise qualifications of the main titles to reduce to the minimum the actual number of page references opposite each heading4 ,in the preparation of an index the use of #ce-;inch cards1 or paper of sufficient weight to be handled easily and of similar dimensions1 is advisable4 ,this enables the author to arrange his subject matter alphabetically and assemble his duplicate references easily4 ,the single and double indentions should be marked on these cards1 and the guide words stricken out when indentions are indicated4 ,for single indentions use this mark sq4 ,for double indentions use sqsq4 ,if1 after the cards are so arranged and marked1 it is possible for the author to have the index typewritten in manuscript form1 the risk of mixing and loss of cards is minimized and the work of the printer is facilitated4 ,some ,details of ,style4--,because we do not seek uniformity throughout our entire list of books but ask only for uniformity within a manuscript itself1 with adherence to any conservative and well-recognized standard1 we do not issue a style sheet4 ,the periodicals with which we are associated 7the publications of the ,mc,graw-,hill ,company1 ,inc41 ,tenth ,avenue and #cfth ,street1 ,new ,york7 have a sheet which is excellent1 and which may well serve as a guide to the author who is undertaking the preparation of a manuscript4 ,or the author may use as his guide any good writer's manual4 ,at the risk of monotonous repetition1 however1 we urge once more the importance of uniformity throughout the manuscript itself4 ,to this end1 we suggest the following3 ,spelling4--,follow any one of the standard and well-recognized dictionaries1 but follow it consistently4 ,we encounter difficulties especially in the matter of hyphenated words2 in using hyphens follow the dictionary4 ,abbreviations4--,again1 any well-recognized standard will satisfy us4 ,dictionaries do not1 in general1 cover the abbreviations of scientific words to a satisfactory extent4 ,we would suggest1 therefore1 that the author secure the style sheet of one of the leading technical societies in the field in which he works4 ,for ,chemistry ,american ,chemical ,society ,for ,civil ,engineering ,american ,society of ,civil ,engineers ,for ,electrical ,engineering ,american ,institute of ,electrical ,engineers ,for ,mechanical ,engineering ,american ,society of ,mechanical ,engineers ,for ,mining and ,metallurgy ,american ,institute of ,mining and ,metallurgical ,engineers ,for ,economics and ,business ,american ,economic ,association ,all of these technical societies have not only worked out their style sheets with care1 but they have1 in general1 accustomed their numerous members to the details of these style sheets4 ,copyright ,infringements4--,all publishers have noted in recent years a great increase in the number of copyright infringement cases4 ,many of these appear to spring from the habit of first preparing lecture notes1 which are compiled or dictated from various sources without thought of publication4 ,by the time the plan to produce a book matures1 the source of the original material is often entirely forgotten4 ,no question is more common in the technical publishing field than ,how far can ,i make excerpts1 with credit but without permission1 from the writings of other authors8 ,to this question no definite and entirely satisfactory answer can be given4 ,certainly1 where illustrations1 tables1 or important abstracts are to be made1 the author should ask permission of the publisher or author from whose work he wishes to quote4 ,in addition he should take special pains to see that full credit is given in the form required by the author or publisher from whom he has secured permission4 ,the copyright law and the penalties for infringement of copyright are drastic1 but the decisions which have been rendered in cases that have gone to trial do not furnish any particularly safe guide4 ,in our experience the safest guide is a simple rule of courtesy4 ,neither the author nor the publisher of a work will refuse any reasonable request1 though he may greatly resent borrowing without the courtesy of a request4 ,it is safer1 therefore1 to obtain permission from author or publisher before borrowing from another work4 ,shipping the ,manuscript4--,manuscript should invariably be shipped flat1 not folded or rolled4 ,manuscript and drawings should be sent together and not in instalments4 ,except in rare instances1 we do not undertake piecemeal manufacture of a book4 ,in our experience such publication methods save little or no time and more often result in confusion and expense4 ,manuscript1 before it has been set up in type1 should be shipped by express with a suitable valuation placed thereon4 ,after the manuscript has been set up in type1 the manuscript and proof may best be sent by parcel post1 special delivery4 ,,iii ,,illustrations ,in technical work such as ours the illustrations are of two classes3 7#a7 line drawings2 7#b7 photographic or halftone illustrations4 ,line ,drawings4--,copy for line drawings should be made two to three times the dimensions of the completed illustration4 ,the weight of line1 and especially the lettering1 should be carefully worked out to give desired results4 ,the following illustrations1 taken from ,engineering ,drawing1 by ,thomas ,e4 ,french1 will serve as a guide to the draftsman preparing these illustrations4 ,we suggest1 however1 that when the completed copy for a few characteristic illustrations is ready1 the author send the samples to us in order that we may determine their suitability or even1 if desirable1 reproduce the samples in order that the author may examine the results with us4 ,when difficulty is encountered in securing suitable lettering1 which will give a finished appearance to the illustrations1 we are willing to accept the drawings with the lettering penciled in4 ,we1 in turn1 engage draftsmen1 who are experienced in lettering for reproduction1 to finish the work4 ,as this often leads to errors1 however1 we prefer the completed drawings ready for reproduction4 ,line drawings from periodicals1 catalogues and other publications can be reproduced direct without material reduction in size1 when the copy is suitable for the book1 and1 of course1 when permission to reproduce has been secured by the author4 ,halftone ,illustrations4--,halftone illustrations can be made satisfactorily only from photographs or wash drawings4 ,photographs on a high-finish or glossy paper produce the best results4 ,we cannot produce good results by making a halftone from a halftone print4 ,a halftone engraving is photographed through a screen1 and when we undertake to reproduce a halftone from a halftone print we throw one screen upon the other4 ,in rare cases passable results can be obtained in this way1 but such copy should be used most sparingly4 ,illustration3 ,drawing for one-half reduction4 ,illustration3 ,one-half reduction4 ,if photographs are unmounted1 they should not be mounted or pasted on sheets of paper4 ,smoothly mounted photographs present no difficulties to the engraver4 ,numbers1 letters or marks should not be placed on the face of photographic prints or wash drawings4 ,if numbers or letters are called for1 they should be indicated in pencil at the proper point on the back of unmounted prints4 ,this can be done easily by holding the print against a window facing a strong light4 ,in the case of mounted photographs1 a fly leaf of thin paper pasted on the back of the photograph at the top and folded over the face of the photograph1 can be used for the numbers or letters4 ,in both cases the engraver adds the numbers or letters on the print in the manner best suited to reproduction4 ,illustration3 ,drawing for two-thirds reduction4 ,illustration3 ,two-thirds reduction4 ,manufacturers' cuts can sometimes be used when the nature of the text calls for them4 ,if possible the manufacturer should be asked to supply the original photograph or drawing4 ,if this is not available1 then the original cut--not an electrotype--should be secured4 ,electrotypes can often be used1 but the results are not of the standard which we like to maintain4 ,wax ,cuts4--,formerly many textbooks were illustrated by engravings made by the wax process4 ,this is the process ordinarily used for the production of maps4 ,the cost of these engravings has risen1 however1 to a point which makes them now practically out of the question for the average book4 ,they may be used in special cases4 ,their chief advantage is that they can be made from rough pen or pencil sketches and do not call either for finished lines or careful lettering4 ,in ,general4--,wherever possible illustrations to occupy a full page should stand vertically on the page4 ,this is1 we think1 obviously more satisfactory to the user of the book4 ,folded plates and charts should be avoided as far as possible1 not only because they involve an unreasonable expense1 but because ,american readers1 at least1 do not like them4 ,furthermore any considerable number of inserted charts weakens the binding of the book4 ,color plates and maps in color are prohibitively expensive for most technical books1 but systems of shading and cross-hatching can be employed as a substitute for colors in many forms of illustration4 ,the ,number of ,illustrations4--,the cost of engravings of all types has risen out of all proportion to the costs of other details of book manufacture1 and there is no present prospect of a reduction in the scale of prices4 ,this proves to be especially burdensome to the publishers of technical and scientific books where the texts generally contain a large number of illustrations4 ,accordingly we ask authors to consider carefully the possibilities of reducing the number of illustrations4 ,in books of the character of ours illustrations are essential1 and wherever they aid the reader in grasping the subject or are essential to the understanding of the subject1 they cannot be eliminated4 ,but we do not believe in illustrations that are merely pictures and are not essential to the understanding of the text4 ,wherever they can be dispensed with1 without injury to the text1 they should be eliminated in order that the retail price of the book may be kept within reasonable limits4 ,,iv ,,manufacturing ,,the ,,book ,sample ,galleys4--,when the manuscript has been prepared in our offices for the printer1 and the time has come to undertake the manufacture of the book1 we ask the printer1 first1 to set a few pages of the manuscript and submit them to us in galley proofs4 ,these are in turn submitted to the author in order that he may study the typography and inform us if we have in any way misunderstood his manuscript and the marks on it4 ,this step is1 of course1 dispensed with if a definite agreement has been reached in advance as to the typographical details of the book4 ,when the author has looked over these first galleys1 not with the idea of proof-reading but of determining upon the style1 we instruct the printer to proceed with the typesetting4 ,galley ,proofs4--,these proofs in duplicate 7one set is for the author's files7 are first submitted to the author1 and accompanying these is a cut dummy which shows the illustrations reproduced as they will appear in the book4 ,galley proofs should be read with extreme care1 and wherever possible the author should call in some associate or assistant to read them as well1 for it is our experience that the author who has spent a great deal of time in the preparation of a manuscript often reads with his memory rather than his eyes and passes the most obvious errors4 ,when the author returns the galleys with his corrections marked thereon1 he should at the same time return the original manuscript4 ,at this time also figure numbers and captions should be added to the illustrations1 and an indication should be made by number in the margin of the galleys of the approximate location of the illustrations4 ,illustrations are inserted in the pages by the printer as near the point of reference as the limitations of make-up will permit4 ,if1 as happens in rare cases1 an illustration must be inserted in a given paragraph1 this should be clearly indicated on the galley proof4 ,page ,proofs4--,the printer then proceeds to make the book up into pages1 and duplicate page proofs are forwarded to the author4 ,these again should be read carefully to make sure that all corrections which were indicated in the galleys have been properly made1 and returned to us for final casting into plates4 ,changes1 and additions other than typographical corrections1 which involve the overrunning and rearranging of lines or pages1 often mean the remake-up of many pages of type and an expense that is usually out of all proportion to the good accomplished4 ,corrections and changes should1 therefore1 always be made in the galley proofs1 to avoid the difficult question of author's corrections1 which is discussed on page #ah4 ,the duplicate set of page proofs should be retained by the author for use in preparing his index1 in order that the copy for the index may be forwarded as soon after the final shipment of page proofs as possible4 ,answering ,queries4--,frequently the proof-readers query certain points in the manuscript on the galley or page proofs4 ,it is important that the author note these queries in all cases and indicate his decision regarding the questions so raised4 ,proof-reading4--,in technical books especially1 good proof-reading is essential4 ,we use every effort to submit proofs which follow closely the original copy1 but the experienced author knows that he himself cannot exercise too much care in proof-reading4 ,the amount of damage which has been done to the reputation and sales of many otherwise excellent technical books1 by carelessness in proof-reading1 would astound the inexperienced author4 ,one set of galley and one set of page proofs which the author receives are marked with the printer's corrections1 generally in green or red ink4 ,the set containing the printer's marks should be returned with the author's corrections added4 ,the duplicate set the author should keep for his own files4 ,for the guidance of those who are inexperienced in proof-reading1 we give herewith a reproduction of a sheet showing the ordinary proof-reading marks4 ,it is helpful if the author follows this general system in marking his proofs4 ,it is essential that the corrections be clearly marked4 ,,proofreader',s ,,marks symbol ,insert the letter1 word or punctuation mark indicated4 symbol ,insert or substitute a period at the place indicated4 symbol ,insert an apostrophe4 symbol ,insert quotation marks4 symbol ,insert a hyphen4 symbol ,make a space at the point indicated4 symbol ,close up or join separated letters or words4 symbol ,delete or take out4 l4c4 ,change from capital to small letter4 ,cap4 ,change to capital letter4 s4c4 ,change to small caps4 ital4 ,change to italics4 rom4 ,change to roman type4 w4f4 ,wrong font letter4 tr ,transpose4 symbol ,words or letters inclosed by line should change places4 ,paragraph here4 ,no ,no paragraph here4 ,stet or 444 ,restore word or sentence mistakenly marked out4 8 or ,qy4 ,is this right8 ,x ,broken letter4 symbol ,move to left4 symbol ,move to right4 symbol ,push down space4 ,in preparing copy for the printer the writer should underline3 ,one line1 words to be put in italics4 ,two lines1 words to be put in small caps4 ,three lines1 words to be put in large caps4 ,wave line 771 words to be put in heavy face type4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,corrected ,,proof-,,sheet ,author's ,corrections4--,no problem in the publishing of technical books gives the publisher and the author more trouble than the question of author's corrections4 ,the term author's corrections covers1 technically1 changes made in content1 arrangement or typographical style1 or additions to the manuscript1 after the type has been set4 ,the publisher1 to protect himself against the author who practically rewrites his manuscript after it has been set up in type1 usually provides in his contract that corrections in excess of a certain percentage of the cost of composition shall be charged to and paid for by the author4 ,the printer makes a careful distinction between printer's corrections and author's corrections4 ,corrections marked in galley and page proofs of a book where the printer has not followed copy are printer's corrections4 ,author's corrections are changes and additions made in the proof4 ,obviously1 where these changes make a distinct improvement in the text--that is1 a better book--the publisher takes a sympathetic attitude2 but when the item of author's corrections runs to a total of twenty-five or fifty per cent or more of the cost of setting up the book1 there is clear indication that the author did not complete his book in the manuscript but in the proof4 ,for a general rule it should be kept in mind that corrections in the galley proofs cost much less than corrections in the page proofs where remake-up of pages involving a large expense may result from the addition of a single line1 or even a few words4 ,but it is most important of all for the author to realize that every correction made after the manuscript has been set up in type is time-consuming and expensive1 and that such delay and expense are reduced to a minimum when the author submits a clean1 carefully prepared manuscript which embodies his final judgment of content and style4 ,v ,,when ,,the ,,book ,,is ,,published ,within a short period after the author returns the proofs of the index1 the book is ready for publication4 ,the author's work is then practically done4 ,immediately upon the arrival of the bound books from the bindery1 the publisher places the work upon the market1 copyrights it in this country and abroad1 and undertakes campaigns for its distribution4 ,this section of the ,suggestions is intended to show the author how he can help in this work and to answer certain questions which are asked constantly4 ,marketing a ,book4--,we take pride in the thoroughness with which we seek the market for all books bearing our imprint4 ,the spirit of the agreement which we make with the author is that each book is a separate business venture into which we have entered as a partner of the author4 ,in marketing his book the author can be of material assistance to us4 ,he knows the subject better than we can ever know it1 and he knows the type of man to which he intends his book to appeal4 ,for these reasons we always welcome the assistance and suggestions of the author4 ,at the time when the author begins to receive page proofs of the book1 we are outlining our campaign for its distribution4 ,at that time we like to receive from the author1 first1 a brief but exact definition of the scope and purpose of the book4 ,this we use1 not for our advertising1 but as the basis of our advertising4 ,second1 we find distinctly helpful a list of points to emphasize in our circular and periodical advertising1 and for such a list we look to the author4 ,a cut-and-dried table of contents often fails to give as good a picture of a book as do a few well-selected points4 ,at the same time the author's suggestions of special periodicals to which copies should be sent for review1 and of special lists which may well be circularized1 will also be helpful4 ,these we generally know about1 but sometimes we overlook obvious points of attack in our campaigns4 ,corrections and ,revisions4--,in practically every instance our books are printed from electrotype plates4 ,consequently the first printings are rarely large1 because we are able to produce further copies1 from our electrotype plates1 as needed4 ,before a book is reprinted the author is given an opportunity to send in corrections of typographical and other errors which have escaped notice in the earlier printing or printings4 ,such reprints1 however1 are not called new editions nor is the title page date of the book changed4 ,we follow strictly the policy of designating as new editions only books which have been more or less thoroughly revised1 and the title page date of one of our books is an indication of the date of the text--not of the reprint4 ,when1 in the author's opinion or our own1 the text requires revision1 we discuss the details with the author and arrange for as complete a revision as the condition of the text calls for4 ,since the printings of our books are rarely large1 we are able to arrange for the production of a new edition in normal cases as soon as the author feels that it is required and can complete his portion of the work4 ,translations4--,we arrange1 where possible1 for translations of books into foreign languages1 dividing the proceeds with the author4 ,the underlying theory of this division is that1 with the publication of a translation1 both the author and the publisher suffer from the loss of sales of the edition in ,english4 ,the foreign publisher generally has to pay to his translator about the royalties usually paid to an author1 and accordingly the amount which can be charged to a foreign publisher for rights of translation is1 except in rare cases1 small4 ,translations must be regarded as a by-product4 ,our attempts to market books in foreign languages from ,new ,york1 or from one of our foreign agencies1 have not been encouraging4 ,accordingly1 the first question1 when we are endeavoring to arrange for a translation1 is for us to find a publisher in the country selected who will undertake the work of securing a translator and publishing the book4 ,when a translator offers his services1 we find it necessary to ask him first to interest a publisher in his own country in the venture4 ,prompt ,publication4--,from the standpoint of both the author and the publisher it is desirable that a book should be put on the market as soon as possible after the manuscript is completed4 ,from the moment the publisher undertakes to manufacture a book he has an investment which grows rapidly and yields nothing until the sales of the book begin4 ,the production of technical books is delayed1 generally1 by one of the following causes3 7#a7 ,the author wishes to submit his material to his associates or to specialists in the field4 ,except for purposes of proof-reading such submission should be made in manuscript4 7#b7 ,the author fails to return his proofs and manuscript copy promptly4 ,the prompt reading and return of proofs is of the greatest importance4 7#c7 ,the copy for the index does not follow closely upon the return of the final batch of page proofs4 ,the printer1 the engraver1 the paper manufacturer1 the binder or the publisher may also interfere with prompt publication2 but if the author's end of the work is handled systematically and promptly1 we are generally able to control the manufacturing details4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,note indicates italic script2 indicates bold script2 sq indicates a hollow square4 ,sundry missing or damaged punctuation has been repaired4 ,page #f1 etc43 'sub-headings'1 and 'subheadings' both appear in this book1 as do ',proof-reader' and ',proofreader'1 and some other instances of hyphenated and non-hyphenated words4 ,as it is a book of suggestions on layout and style from a respected publishing house1 it can be assumed they knew what they intended1 so both hyphenated and non-hyphenated words have been retained4 ,page #i3 'instalments'4 ,from ,webster's ,dictionary1 #aiac ,edition 7http3 _/_/www4 bibliomania4com_/#b_/c_/beg_/;frameset4h tml73 ,installment 7,in99stallment7 n4 ,written also instalment4 'instalments' has therefore been retained4