,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,! spell+1 punctuation & hyph5ation f ! orig9al has be5 reta9$ ) ! exception ( app>5t pr9t]'s errors4 ,italic text is m>k$ ?us4 ,,ocean ,,/eam%ips ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,drama ,,( ,,! ,,sea4 ,,ocean ,,/eam%ips ,a ,,popul> ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,_! ,,con/ruction ,,developm5t1 ,,managem5t ,,& ,,appliances ,,by ,f4 ,e4 ,,*adwick1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,j4 ,d4 ,j4 ,,kelley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,,ridgely ,,hunt1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,,john ,h4 ,,g\ld ,,william ,h4 ,,ride+ ,a4 ,e4 ,,seaton ,,) ,,n9ety-,,six ,,illu/rations ,,new ,,york ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons #ahia ,,copyright1 #ahia1 ,,by ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons ,,tr[ ,,directory ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,bookb9d+ ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,/eam%ip #a ,,by ,,comm&] ,f4 ,e4 ,,*adwick1 ,u4 ,s4 ,,navy4 ,,sl[ ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,/eam ,,propulsion--,,models ,,%[n ,,at ,,! ,,liv]pool ,,exhibition ,,9 #ahhf--;,,claims ,,( ,,prec$5ce ,,9 ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,/eamboats--,,:at ,,fulton ,,accompli%$--,,! ,,cl]mont--,,! ,,voyage ,,( ,,! ,,savannah ,,9 #ahai--,,! ,,fir/ ,,w> ,,/eam]--,,! ,,atlantic ,,cross$ ,,by ,,! ,,sirius ,,& ,,great ,,we/]n ,,9 #ahch--;,,f\nd+ ,,( ,,! ,,cun>d ,,company--,,inv5tion ,,( ,,! ,,screw ,,propell]--,,its ,,application ,,to ,,! ,,ar*im$es ,,& ,,! ,,great ,,brita9--,,e>ly ,,fleet ,,( ,,! ,,cun>d ,,company--,,am]ican ,,ent]prises--,,! ,,screw ,,/eam] ,,pr9ceton--,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,! ,,pacific ,,mail--,,! ,,coll9s ,,l9e--,,its ,,success ,,& ,,ultimate ,,failure--,,! ,,great ,,ea/]n--,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,great ,,rivalry ,,9 ,,spe$--,,triple ,,expansion ,,eng9es--,,important ,,*anges ,,9 ,,design4 ,,spe$ ,,9 ,,ocean ,,/eam]s #eg ,,by ,a4 ,e4 ,,seaton4 ,,! ,,vik+',s ,,craft ,,& ,,! ,,mod]n 8,,greyh\nd0--,,problems ,,( ,,in]tia ,,& ,,resi/ance--,,prim>y ,,condition ,,= ,,high ,,spe$--,,:at ,,is ,,meant ,,by 8,,coeffici5t ,,( ,,f95ess0 ,,& 8,,indicat$ ,,horse-,,p[]0--,,advance ,,9 ,,economical ,,eng9es--,,:at ,,! ,,comp\nd ,,eng9e ,,effect$--,a ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,fa/ ,,/eam]s ,,f #ahcf ,,to #ahij--,,prejudice ,,aga9/ ,,propell]s ,,& ,,high ,,pressures--,,advantages ,,( ,,m ,,?an ,,"o ,,screw ,,propell]--,,attempts ,,at ,,propulsion ,,by ,,turb9e ,,:eels1 ,,ejections1 ,,& ,,pumps--,,! ,,introduction ,,( ,,siem5s-,,m>t9 ,,/eel ,,9 #ahge ,,! ,,*ief ,,factor ,,9 ,,! ,,success ,,( ,,mod]n ,,fa/ ,,/eam]s--,,decrease ,,9 ,,coal ,,consumption--,,importance ,,( ,,=c$ ,,draughts--,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,me*anical ,,/ok+--,,possibilities ,,( ,,liquid ,,fuel--,,is ,,! ,,pres5t ,,spe$ ,,likely ,,to ,,be ,,increas$8 ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,an 8,,ocean ,,greyh\nd0 #ia ,,by ,,william ,h4 ,,ride+4 ,,! ,,co/ ,,( ,,an ,,ocean ,,rac]--,,intricate 8,,f9anc+0 ,,( ,,su* ,,an ,,und]tak+--,,! ,,contract ,,) ,,! ,,%ip-,,build]s--,,! ,,unc]ta9 ,,elem5t ,,9 ,,design+--,,great ,,%ip ,,y>ds ,,along ,,! ,,clyde--,,! ,,plans ,,( ,a ,,/eam] ,,on ,,pap]--,,enl>gem5t ,,( ,,plans ,,9 ,,! 8,,m\ld ,,l(t0--,,:at ,,is ,,meant ,,by 8,,fair+ ,,! ,,%ip0--,,! 8,,scrive ,,bo>d0--,,lay+ ,,d[n ,,! ,,keel--,,mak+ ,,! ,,huge ,,ribs--,,:5 ,a ,,%ip ,,is 8,,9 ,,frame0--,,%ap+ ,,& ,,trimm+ ,,! ,,plates--,,rivet+ ,,& ,,caulk+--,,ready ,,= ,,laun*+--,,! ,,great 8,,plant0 ,,:i* ,,is ,,necess>y ,,= ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,a ,,%ip--,,description ,,( ,a ,,typical ,,y>d--,,works ,,cov]+ ,,sev5ty-,,f\r ,,acres--,,:]e ,,! ,,%aft ,,is ,,=g$--,,! ,,la!s ,,at ,,"w--,,! ,,adju/m5t ,,( ,,p>ts--,,sev5 ,,?\s& ,,workm54 ,,ocean ,,pass5g] ,,travel #aab ,,by ,,john ,h4 ,,g\ld4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,ocean ,,race--,,pass5g] ,,traffic ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,clipp] ,,days--,,/ate-,,rooms ,,& ,,table ,,f>e ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,days--,,! ,,fir/ ,,ocean ,,mail ,,contract--,,discom=ts ,,fifty ,,ye>s ,,ago--,,am]ican ,,transatlantic ,,l9es--,,gov]nm5t ,,subsidies--,,novelties ,,on ,,! ,,coll9s ,,l9e--,,:5 ,,/e]age ,,pass5g]s ,,7 ,,all[$ ,,on ,,ocean ,,/eam%ips--,,important ,,*anges ,,9 ,,! ,,com=t ,,( ,,pass5g]s ,,wr\ght ,,by ,,! ,,oceanic ,,9 #ahgj--,,! ,,pres5t ,,era ,,( ,,tw9-,,screw ,,%ips--,,_! ,,advantages--,,! ,,fa/e/ ,,voyages ,,ea/ ,,& ,,we/--,,records ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,rac]s--,,mod]n ,,conv5i5ces ,,& ,,luxuries--,,! ,,increase ,,9 ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,cab9 ,,pass5g]s ,,f #ahha ,,to #ahij--;,,h[ ,,! ,,l>d] ,,is ,,suppli$--,,electric ,,lights1 ,,libr>ies1 ,,& ,,music-,,rooms--,,cu/oms ,,peculi> ,,to ,,! ,,fr5*1 ,,g]man1 ,,& ,,briti% ,,l9es--,,life ,,9 ,,! ,,/e]age--,,immigration ,,/ati/ics--,,gov]nm5t ,,regulations4 ,,! ,,%ip',s ,,company #adi ,,by ,,lieut5ant ,j4 ,d4 ,,j]rold ,,kelley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,,navy4 ,,has ,,/eam ,,ru9$ ,,! ,,g5u9e ,,sailors ,,( ,,/ory ,,& ,,song8--,,haul+ ,a ,,l9] ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,liv]pool ,,docks--,,! ,,traits ,,( ,,ma/]-,,m>9]s--,,education ,,( ,,junior ,,(fic]s--,a ,,fire ,,drill--,,/[+ ,,! ,,c>go--,,d[n ,,! ,,*annel ,,9 ,a ,,fog--,,! ,,r\t9e ,,life ,,at ,,sea--,,! ,,trials ,,( ,,keep+ ,,wat*--,a ,,bo',s',n',s ,,"r ,,to ,,blu/]--,,/e]+ ,,by ,,/eam--,,scrubb+ ,,! ,,decks ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,wat*es--,,=malities ,,( ,,inspection--,,! ,,magic ,,doma9 ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e-,,room--,,picturesqu5ess ,,( ,,! ,,/oke-,,hole--,,messes ,,( ,,! ,,crew--,,! ,,noon ,,obs]vation--,,life ,,among ,,! ,,cab9 ,,pass5g]s--,,boat ,,drill--,,pleasures ,,t[>d ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,voyage--,,! ,,conc]t--,,sc5es ,,9 ,,! ,,smok+-,,room--,,wag]s ,,on ,,! ,,pilot-,,boat ,,numb]--,,fire ,,isl& ,,light1 ,,& ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,voyage4 ,,safety ,,on ,,! ,,atlantic #ahe ,,by ,,william ,h4 ,,ride+4 ,,! ,,dang]s ,,( ,,! ,,sea--,,precautions ,,9 ,a ,,fog--,,anxieties ,,( ,,! ,,capta9--,,creep+ ,,up ,,! ,,*annel--8,,a%ore ,,at ,,s\? ,,/ack0--,,n>r[ ,,escape ,,( ,,! ,,baltic--,,"s ,,notable ,,%ipwrecks--,,/ati/ics ,,s9ce #ahch--,,! ,,region ,,( ,,iceb]gs--,,:5 ,,!y ,,are ,,mo/ ,,frequ5t--,,calamities ,,f ,,ice--,,safety ,,promot$ ,,by ,,spe$--,,mod]n ,,protection ,,f ,,incom+ ,,seas--,,bulkheads ,,& ,,d\ble ,,bottoms--,,wat] ,,tight ,,comp>tm5ts--,,! ,,special ,,advantage ,,( ,,! ,,longitud9al ,,bulkhead--,,! ,,value ,,( ,,tw9 ,,screws--,,dang]s ,,f ,a ,,brok5 ,,%aft--,,improvem5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,m>9]',s ,,compass1 ,,! ,,pat5t ,,log1 ,,& ,,s\nd+ ,,ma*9e--,,manganese ,,bronze ,,= ,,propell]s--,,lights1 ,,buoys1 ,,& ,,fog ,,signals--,,! ,,rem>kable ,,record ,,( #ahij4 ,,! ,,ocean ,,/eam%ip ,,z ,a ,,freight ,,c>ri] #bag ,,by ,,john ,h4 ,,g\ld4 ,,rev5ue ,,( ,,! ,,%ip',s ,,c>go--,,am\nt ,,( ,,freight ,,c>ri$ ,,by ,,express ,,/eam%ips--,,gross ,,tonnage ,,( ,,important ,,l9es ,,runn+ ,,f ,,new ,,york--,,! ,,m]*ant ,,m>9e ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates--,,! 8,,atlantic ,,limit$0--,,! ,,sea ,,po/-,,(fice--,,9 ,,! ,,specie ,,room--,,enorm\s ,,refrig]ators--,,! ,,new ,,class ,,( 8,,freight]s0--,,l>ge ,,c>goes ,,& ,,small ,,coal ,,consumption--,,! ,,ocean 8,,tramp0--,,advantages ,,( ,,! 8,,:aleback0--,,vessels ,,= ,,c>ry+ ,,gra9--,,float+ ,,elevators--,,! ,,fruit ,,/eam%ip--,,tank ,,/eam%ips ,,= ,,c>ry+ ,,oil--,,peculi>ities ,,( ,,_! ,,con/ruction--,,! ,,molasses ,,%ip--,,sc5es ,,on ,,! ,,pi]s ,,:5 ,,/eam%ips ,,are ,,load+--,,/eam ,,hoi/+ ,,app>atus--,,h[ ,,! ,,freight ,,is ,,/[$--,,coal+--,,! ,,load+ ,,( ,,cattle ,,%ips--8,,c[boys ,,( ,,! ,,sea0--,,ocean ,,traffic ,,! ,,index ,,( ,a ,,nation',s ,,prosp]ity4 ,,/eam%ip ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,_w #bec ,,by ,,lieut5ant ,,ridgely ,,hunt1 ,u4 ,s4 ,,navy4 ,,important ,,"p ,,tak5 ,,by ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 ,,e/abli%+ ,,ocean ,,r\tes--,,rivalry ,,9 ,,sail+ ,,vessels ,,) ,,engl&--,,effect ,,( ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,gold ,,9 ,,cali=nia--,,! ,,cape ,,horn ,,r\te--,,au/ralian ,,packet ,,l9es--,,! ,,problem ,,( ,a ,,%ort ,,r\te ,,to ,,india--,,f\r ,,ma9 ,,r\tes ,,( ,,/eam%ip ,,traffic--,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,! ,,regul> ,,s]vice ,,betwe5 ,,europe ,,& ,,! ,,ea/--,,port ,,said ,,& ,,! ,,suez ,,canal--,,sc5es ,,at ,,ad5 ,,& ,,at ,,bombay--,,! ,,run ,,to ,,colombo1 ,,ceylon--,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,by-,,ways ,,( ,,travel ,,f ,,s+apore--,,! ,,pacific ,,mail--,,f ,,yokohama ,,to ,,san ,,francisco--,,two ,,r\tes ,,f ,,panama ,,to ,,new ,,york--,,s\? ,,am]ican ,,ports--,,magnific5t ,,sc5]y ,,( ,,! ,,magellan ,,/raits--,,beauties ,,( ,,! ,,port ,,( ,,rio--,,! ,,great ,,ocean ,,r\te ,,f ,,london ,,to ,,au/ralia4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations4 ,,page ,a ,,drama ,,( ,,! ,,sea1 ,frontispiece ,,specifications ,,( ,,e>ly ,,pat5ts ,,tak5 ,,out ,,9 ,,engl&1 #ae ,,! ,,etruria1 #cg ,,triple-,,expansion ,,eng9e ,,( ,,! ,,all]1 ,,trave1 ,,& ,,saale1 #da ,,! ,,giovanni ,,bausan1 ,,( ,,! ,,italian ,,navy1 #di ,,! ,,nor? ,,g]man ,,lloyd ,,/eam] ,,kais] ,,wilhelm ,,ii41 #fe ,,! ,,:ite ,,/> ,,/eam] ,,maje/ic1 #ge ,,! ,,inman ,,l9e ,,/eam] ,,city ,,( ,,p>is1 #ha ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,frames ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york--,,june #be1 #ahhg1 #ii ,,9 ,,! ,,gr& ,,saloon ,,( ,,an ,,inman ,,/eam]1 #aae ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,voyage1 #aci ,,9 ,,! ,,/e]age1 #ade ,,on ,,! ,,bridge ,,9 ,a ,,gale1 #afa 8,,mu/]1 ,,all ,,h&s10 #afg ,,night ,,signall+1 #agg ,,out ,,( ,,reckon+4--,a ,,n>r[ ,,escape1 #ahg ,,l&+ ,,/ages ,,at ,,liv]pool1 #aia ,,at ,,close ,,qu>t]s1 ,,among ,,! ,,iceb]gs1 #bja ,,! ,,deep-,,sea ,,s\nd+ ,,ma*9e ,,at ,,"w1 #bjg ,,load+ ,,gra9 ,,f ,a ,,float+ ,,elevator1 #bba ,,unload+ ,,& ,,load+ ,a ,,coa/wise ,,/eam] ,,by ,,electric ,,light1 #bbg ,,! 8,,:aleback0 ,,/eam%ip ,,= ,,gra9 ,,& ,,o!r ,,freight1 #bce ,,unload+ ,a ,,banana ,,/eam%ip1 #bda ,a ,,cattle ,,/eam%ip ,,at ,,sea1 #bdi ,,*>t ,,( ,,! ,,_w1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,/eam%ip ,,r\tes1 #beg ,,deck ,,quoits ,,on ,a ,p4 ,,& ,o4 ,,l9]1 #bfa ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,suez ,,canal ,,at ,,port ,,said1 #bfg ,,! ,,port ,,( ,,valp>aiso ,,9 ,a ,,nor!r1 #bhe ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,! ,,text4 ,,! ,,great ,,we/]n1 ,,f ,,an ,,old ,,pa9t+1 #aj ,,cross-,,section ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,we/]n1 #aa ,,! ,,great ,,brita91 #ac ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,hib]nia ,,& ,,cambria1 #bb ,,model ,,( ,,! ,,p]sia ,,& ,,scotia1 #ca ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,w>%ip ,,duilio1 #cc ,,! ,,britannic1 #cd ,,cross-,,section ,,( ,,! ,,oregon1 #dj ,,cross-,,section ,,( ,,! ,,s]via1 #dj ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,*ampagne1 #db ,,! ,,*ilian ,,cruis] ,,esm]alda1 #dg ,,! ,,belt$ ,,cruis] ,,orl&o1 ,,) ,,tw9 ,,screws1 #ea ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,rome1 #ed ,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,s4 ,,polyphemus ,,at ,,full ,,spe$--#ah-e_/h ,,knots1 #ei ,,! ,,imp,,rieuse ,,go+ ,,at ,,full ,,spe$1 #fd ,,pass5g] ,,/eam] ,,pr9cesse ,,h5riette ,,at ,,full ,,spe$--#bd-a_/b ,,miles ,,p] ,,h\r1 #fi ,,eng9es ,,( ,,! ,,comet1 #gj ,,pass5g] ,,/eam] ,,du*ess ,,( ,,hamilton ,,at ,,full ,,spe$--#ba ,,miles ,,p] ,,h\r1 #ga ,,pass5g] ,,/eam] ,,columba ,,at ,,full ,,spe$--#ba ,,miles ,,p] ,,h\r1 #gb ,,! ,,tw9 ,,screws ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york1 #hd ,,! ,,propell] ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,g]man ,,lloyd ,,/eam] ,,havel1 #he ,,rec5t ,,naval ,,eng9e1 #hg ,,italian ,,cruis] ,,piemonte ,,at ,,full ,,spe$--#bb4c ,,knots #be-c_/d ,,miles ,,p] ,,h\r1 #hi ,,! ,,umbria ,,j ,,be=e ,,laun*+1 #id ,,frames ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york1 ,,look+ ,,aft--,,july #ai1 #ahhg1 #ajb ,,frames ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york1 ,,look+ ,,=w>d--,,july #ai1 #ahhg1 #ajc ,,! ,,manganese ,,bronze ,,propell]-,,blade ,,( ,,! ,,wreck$ ,,/eam] ,,mosel1 ,,aft] ,,x ,,_h ,,beat5 ,,^u ,a ,,reef1 #ajf ,a ,,/]n ,,view1 ,,%[+ ,,tw9 ,,screws1 #ajh ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,ready ,,= ,,laun*+1 #aji ,,model ,,( ,a ,,/eam] ,,design$ ,,to ,,cross ,,! ,,atlantic ,,9 ,,five ,,days1 #aaj ,,! ,,/eam]',s ,,b>b]-,,%op1 #aba ,,m ,,com=table ,,on ,,deck1 #abc ,a ,,quiet ,,flirtation1 #abe ,,smok+-,,room ,,( ,a ,,fr5* ,,l9]1 #abg ,,! ,,gang ,,plank--,,j ,,be=e ,,sail+1 #acb ,,! ,,saloon ,,( ,a ,,hamburg ,,/eam]1 #acd ,,! ,,pilot ,,bo>d+1 #ace ,,rev5ue ,,(fic] ,,bo>d+1 ,,new ,,york ,,bay1 #adb ,,d[n ,,! ,,*annel ,,9 ,a ,,fog--,a ,,n>r[ ,,escape1 #aeg ,,! ,,skipp]1 #aeh ,,! ,,deck ,,look\t--8,,dang] ,,ahead10 #afj ,,! ,,boatswa9',s ,,:i/le1 #afd ,,! ,,cook1 #afe ,,wa%+ ,,d[n ,,! ,,decks1 #afi ,,! ,,/oke ,,hole1 #agb ,,9 ,,! ,,fo',,ca/le1 #agd ,,wat*+ ,,= ,,! ,,sun ,,on ,a ,,cl\dy ,,day1 #agf ,,! ,,deck ,,/ew>d1 #ahj ,,capta9',s ,,breakfa/1 #aha ,,! ,,night ,,signal ,,( ,a ,,disabl$ ,,/eam]1 #ahc ,,eddy/one ,,ligh?\se1 ,,engli% ,,*annel1 #aid ,a ,,:i/l+ ,,buoy1 #aie ,,ligh?\se1 ,,atlantic ,,city1 ,n4 ,j41 #aig ,a ,,bell ,,buoy1 #aii ,,ligh?\se1 ,,sanibel ,,isl&1 ,,fla41 #bje ,,(f ,,fire ,,isl&1 ,,new ,,york1 #baj ,,g$ney',s ,,*annel1 ,,outside ,,new ,,york ,,h>bor1 ,,at ,,night1 #baa ,,! ,,light%ip1 ,,(f ,,s&y ,,hook1 #bac ,,brok5 ,,b[ ,,( ,,la ,,*ampagne1 ,,aft] ,,h] ,,collision ,,outside ,,new ,,york ,,h>bor1 ,,decemb]1 #ahij1 #bad ,a ,,sunk5 ,,s*oon]1 #bae ,,! ,,specie-,,room ,,( ,a ,,pass5g] ,,/eam%ip1 #bcb ,,cross-,,section ,,( ,a ,,tank ,,/eam%ip1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,expansion ,,tank1 #bdd ,,load+ ,a ,,tank ,,/eam%ip ,,) ,,oil1 ,,by ,,=ce ,,pumps1 #bde ,,! ,,port ,,( ,,ad51 ,,arabia1 #bgj ,a ,,deck-,,ba? ,,9 ,,! ,,tropics1 #bga ,,prom5ade ,,deck ,,( ,,an ,,ori5t ,,l9]1 #bgd ,,l&+ ,,pass5g]s ,,at ,,natal1 ,,s\? ,,africa1 #bgi ,,/eam] ,,at ,,an*or1 ,,simon',s ,,bay1 ,,cape ,,( ,,good ,,hope1 #bia ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,/eam%ip4 ,,by ,,comm&] ,f4 ,e4 ,,*adwick1 ,u4 ,s4 ,,navy4 ,,sl[ ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,/eam ,,propulsion--,,models ,,%[n ,,at ,,! ,,liv]pool ,,exhibition ,,9 #ahhf--;,,claims ,,( ,,prec$5ce ,,9 ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,/eamboats--,,:at ,,fulton ,,accompli%$--,,! ,,cl]mont--,,! ,,voyage ,,( ,,! ,,savannah ,,9 #ahai--,,! ,,fir/ ,,w> ,,/eam]--,,! ,,atlantic ,,cross$ ,,by ,,! ,,sirius ,,& ,,great ,,we/]n ,,9 #ahch--;,,f\nd+ ,,( ,,! ,,cun>d ,,company--,,inv5tion ,,( ,,! ,,screw ,,propell]--,,its ,,application ,,to ,,! ,,ar*im$es ,,& ,,! ,,great ,,brita9--,,e>ly ,,fleet ,,( ,,! ,,cun>d ,,company--,,am]ican ,,ent]prises--,,! ,,screw ,,/eam] ,,pr9ceton--,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,! ,,pacific ,,mail--,,! ,,coll9s ,,l9e--,,its ,,success ,,& ,,ultimate ,,failure--,,! ,,great ,,ea/]n--,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,great ,,rivalry ,,9 ,,spe$--,,triple ,,expansion ,,eng9es--,,important ,,*anges ,,9 ,,design4 ,x is a wond]ful fact 9 ! swift expansion ( me*anical k & appliances ( ! la/ hundr$ ye>s t :ile = unkn[n ages ! w9d 0 ! only propell+ =ce us$ = purposes ( navigation1 ap>t f ! rude application ( p[] ?r\gh o>s work$ by m51 ! :ole s*eme ( /eam transport has gr[n1 practically1 to its pres5t wond]ful p]fection )9 ! lifetime ( m5 yet liv+4 ,( c\rse1 ! idea1 z is t ( all great inv5tions1 0 "o ( sl[ gr[?4 ,x cropp$ up at v>i\s /ages ?r\gh ! eighte5? c5tury1 & !re are fa9t evid5ces ( grop+s 9 ?is direction 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5?2 b ^! latt] 7 n mu* m def9ite ?an ! embodim5t ( ! idea ( ! telegraph 9 ,puck's girdle r\nd ! e>?1 & ! evid5ce t m5 really ?\ght ( propell+ boats by /eam is v meagre until we come to ! pamphlet writt5 by ,jona?an ,hulls1 9 #agcg1 9 :i* he gave utt]ance to a v cle> & di/9ct idea 9 ! matt]4 ,x /ruggl$ ?r\gh a v backw>d infancy ( fifty ye>s & m1 c]ta9 memorable names appe>+ n[ & !n to help x along1 z t ( ,watt 7)\t ^: improvem5ts 9 ! /eam-eng9e x mu/ /ill h rema9$ 9 swaddl+-clo!s71 ,fit*1 ,de ,j\ffroy1 ,rumsey1 ,sym+ton1 & f9ally ,fulton1 :o1 h[ev] mu* he may h le>n$ f 8 pr$ecessors1 has unque/ionably ! cr$it ( putt+ afloat ! fir/ comm]cially successful /eamboat4 ,he is ?us wor?y ( all ! honor accord$ him2 mu* ( x came too late1 z he di$ at ! comp>atively e>ly age ( fifty1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! h>assm5ts :i* seem naturally to lie 9 ! pa? ( ! innovator4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a graphic hi/ory ( ! wond]ful *anges wr\ght 9 ?is great factor ( ! _w's progress 0 set =? dur+ ! summ] ( #ahhf1 at ! ,int]national ,exhibition at ,liv]pool1 :]e1 by model & draw+1 ! v>i\s /eps 7 made m completely visible & tangible ?an1 p]haps1 ev] be=e4 ,true1 ! relics ( ! e>li] phases ( ! /eam%ip age1 :5 its believ]s 7 b few & g5]ally ( small acc\nt1 7 sp>se1 b ! exhibits ( lat] models1 f ! date ( ! inception ( transatlantic traffic1 prep>ations = :i* 7 begun 9 e>ne/ by lay+ d[n ! /eam%ip ,great ,we/]n 9 #ahcf1 7 frequ5t en\gh1 & ! :ole ( ! /eps 9 ! developm5t ( ! means ( ocean traffic f !n till n[ 7 suffici5tly well %[n4 ,! exhibition1 ( c\rse1 did n conf9e itself to ! /eam era alone4 ,x ev5 _h a model ( an ,egyptian vessel1 :i* 0 exhibit$ by ! ,liv]pool ,libr>y ,society1 z tak5 f ,!bes1 & e/imat$ to date ab\t #a1ejj ye>s ,b4,c41 & :i* ,moses himself might ?us h se54 ,x 0 a long /ret*1 h[ev]1 to ! next 9 date1 z no o!rs ant$at$ #agjj ,a4,d4 ,!re 7 _m ( ! h&some & dignifi$ eighte5?-c5tury m5-(-w>1 built at a "t :5 m5 began to pres]ve a record ( _! "w 9 ! m9iature %ips :i* are n[ e/eem$ an ess5tial addition to almo/ e vessel ( importance put afloat4 ,firms n[ exi/ ^: only bus9ess x is to make ! v>i\s m9ute fitt+s--! ports1 *a9s1 an*ors1 blocks1 etc4--( ! ,liliputian craft1 s t e detail ( ! orig9al is giv5 ) an exact v]isimilitude 9 v (t5 mo/ beautiful & elaborate "w4 ,x w\ld h be5 v int]e/+ _h ! e>ly /ruggles ( ! /eamboat be5 ?us illu/rat$ 9 ext5so1 b !re is no?+ ( its concrete hi/ory e>li] ?an a small model ( ! orig9al ,comet1 built by ,h5ry ,bell1 at ,glasg[1 9 #ahab1 & s nam$ because ( ! extraord9>y comet ( t ye>1 & ! eng9es ( h] successor1 built 9 #ahbj4 ,^! recall1 h[ev]1 ! vessel :i* 0 ! fir/ /eam] engag$ 9 pass5g] traffic 9 ,europe1 & are ?us wor?y ( honor4 ,9 look+ ov] ! beautiful array ( models !n exhibit$1 :i* ?us repres5t$ almo/ e /age ( progress 9 ,briti% /eam%ip build+1 f ! ,comet onw>d1 "o c\ld n help regrett+ t an ef=t _h n be5 made by our gov]nm5t to br+ toge!r models1 ( :i* !re mu/ h be5 "s1 at lea/1 available1 illu/rative ( our e>li] practice1 p>ticul>ly z !re is mu* 9 x peculi> to u1 & :i* w\ld h be5 mo/ int]e/+ to ! great public :i* visit$ ! exhibition4 ,models ( ! ,cl]mont2 ( ! ,/ev5s exp]im5tal screw boat2 a lat] ,mississippi /eam]2 ! ,savannah--! fir/ vessel us+ /eam :i* ev] cross$ ! ,atlantic2 ! ,wa%+ton1 ! pione] ( regul> transatlantic /eam traffic "u our flag2 ! ,adriatic2 ! ,hudson ,riv] & great ,s\nd /eam]s ( to-day1 w\ld1 ap>t f any w>-%ip models ( int]e/ :i* c\ld h be5 s5t1 h made a mo/ int]e/+ & attractive collection4 ,! only ?+s1 h[ev]1 :i* 7 visible 7 ! draw+s ( a ,new ,york f]ry-boat 7! type ( :i*1 by ! way1 we owe to ,fulton71 s plac$ z to be sc>cely discov]able4 ,^! boats are s typical1 s diff]5t f any?+ f\nd 9 ,europe1 & s int]e/+ to any /ud5t ( /eam f]riage z a ?or\gh adaptation ( means to an end1 t a complete model ( ! boat & its f]ry slip w\ld h be5 a mo/ satisfactory addition4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! /eamboat _h 9 its e>li] days a mu* great] ext5sion 9 ,am]ica ?an else:]e4 ,our great riv]s 7 an especially attractive field = its use4 ,! ,mississippi _h b lately come "u our control1 & ! beg9n+ ( ! great tide ( ,we/]n emigration & exploration 0 almo/ co9cid5t ) ! /eamboat's adv5t1 s t ?r\gh ^! favor+ conditions x _h a mu* m rapid gr[? among u ?an else:]e4 ,! display1 h[ev]1 ( ,briti% models 0 z complete z x c\ld well be made4 ,private own]s & build]s1 ! ,admiralty1 & ,lloyds' ,regi/ry1 unit$ to make ! collection a v complete & p]fect "o4 ,( cont95tal ,european exhibits1 t ( ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t1 :i* s5t a v spl5did collection ( models ( its great w>-%ips1 0 ! mo/ important4 ,associat$ ) x 0 ! exhibit ( ! ,fratelli ,orl&o ( ,leghorn1 :o h done mu* ( bo? ! public & private build+ ( ,italy4 ,! only ,fr5* exhibit 0 t ( ! ,bureau ,v]itas1 :i* foll[$ ! example ( its ,engli% rival1 ,lloyds1 9 mak+ a v /rik+ & in/ructive %[4 ,! only exhibits ( mod]n w>-%ips 7 ^? ( ,engl& & ,italy1 unless we except ! num]\s vessels built = =eign p[]s by ,engli% build]s4 ,! rema9d] ( ! display 0 *iefly connect$ ) ! /rife ( comm]ce1 & 9 ?is x is likely to rema9 z complete & compreh5sive z c be made 9 "s "t to come4 ,x 0 "o also 9 :i* ,brita9 might well take pride1 z1 h[ev] great ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 z pione]s or z m ?an equals 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! race1 we h long s9ce be5 di/anc$ by our k9sm51 & we mu/ ref]1 = "s ye>s at lea/1 to ,great ,brita9 to /udy ! pr9cipal *anges 9 hull & ma*9]y ( ! la/ half-c5tury1 ?\gh ! great /rides ( ! la/ six ye>s1 accompli%$ ?r\gh our w>-%ip con/ruction1 bid fair to once m put u 9 our old & honorable place4 ,! ,liv]pool exhibition 0 ! =]unn] ( a numb] ( o!rs ( l "*1 :i* h culm9at$ 9 ! 8,naval ,exhibition0 ( #ahia 9 ,london1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is m conc]n$ ) w> ?an 0 its pr$ecessor1 & does n ent] s fully into ! details ( e>ly practice4 ,x is useless to draw comp>isons betwe5 ! value ( claims ( prec$5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( /eam navigation4 ,! fact t ,fulton's ef=ts f9ally />t$ ! _w to build+ /eamboats = actual s]vice is indisputable4 ,all prec$+ cases 7 simply sporadic1 & _h none ( ! contagi\s p[] possess$ by ! exp]im5ts on ! ,hudson4 ,fulton himself _h already built six /eamboats be=e "o 0 built else:]e ?an 9 ,am]ica4 ,8 boats1 f ! beg9n+1 7 ( practical value1 & n small exp]im5ts1 ! ,cl]mont h]self be+ #acf feet long1 #ah feet broad1 #g feet deep1 ( #afj tons2 & ! diamet] ( h] :eels 0 #ae feet4 ,9 #ahji ! fir/ /eamboat1 ! ,accommodation1 0 se5 on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & 9 #ahaa ! fir/ 7built at ,pittsburgh7 appe>$ on ! ,mississippi4 ,a ye> aft] ?is ! ,comet1 already allud$ to1 0 put ^u ! ,clyde by ,h5ry ,bell4 ,%e 0 only #dj feet long on ! keel1 & #aj-a_/b broad1 ) two small paddle-:eels on ea* side1 driv5 by a ge>+ :i* ge>$ into a :eel on ! axle ( ea* set ( paddle-:eels4 ,h] orig9al eng9es are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 & are deposit$ 9 ! ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 :]e !y 7 set up by ! same eng9e] 7,mr4 ,john ,rob]tson7 :o plac$ !m 9 ! ,comet4 ,fulton also has ! honor ( be+ ! fir/ to design & build a w> /eam]1 :i* = h] "t 0 a mo/ rem>kable production1 & by f> ! l>ge/ /eam vessel built be=e #ahch4 ,%e 0 a fitt+ monum5t to ! g5ius ( ! man :o un=tunately did n live to see h] completion & successful trials4 ,! ,demologos1 or ,fulton ! ,fir/1 0 laid d[n ,june #bj1 #ahad1 & laun*$ ,octob] #bi? ( ! same ye>4 8,h] dim5sions 73 l5g?1 #aej feet2 bread?1 #ef feet2 dep?1 #bj feet2 wat]-:eel1 #af feet diamet]1 l5g? ( bucket #ad feet1 dip #d feet2 eng9e1 #dh-;in* cyl9d]1 #e feet /roke2 boil] l5g? #bb feet1 bread? #ab feet1 & dep? #h feet2 tonnage1 #b1dge40 ,! commission]s appo9t$ to exam9e h] say 9 _! report3 8,%e is a /ructure re/+ ^u two boats1 keels sep>at$ f end to end by a canal #ae feet wide & #ff feet long4 ,"o boat conta9s ! caldrons ( copp] to prep>e h] /eam4 ,! va/ cyl9d] ( iron1 ) its pi/on1 lev]s1 & :eels1 occupies a "p ( its fell[3 ! great wat]-:eel revolves 9 ! space betwe5 !m3 ! ma9 or gun deck support+ h] armam5t is protect$ by a bulw>k f\r feet t5 in*es ?ick ( solid timb]4 ,?is is pi]c$ by #cj port-holes1 to enable z _m #cb-p\nd]s to fire r$-hot balls4 444 ,%e is rigg$ ) #b %ort ma/s1 ea* ( :i* supports a l>ge late5 y>d & sails4 ,%e has #b b[sprits & jibs1 & #d rudd]s1 #b at ea* extremity ( ! boat1 s t %e c be /e]$ ) ei!r end =emo/4 ,h] ma*9]y is calculat$ = ! addition ( an eng9e :i* w dis*>ge an imm5se column ( wat]1 :i* is int5d$ to ?r[ ^u ! decks & ?r\gh ! ports ( an enemy40 ,%e 0 also int5d$ to c>ry f\r #ajj-p\nd]s4 ,%e made h] fir/ trial on ,june #a1 #ahae1 & on ! ,f\r? ( ,july %e /eam$ outside ( ,s&y ,hook & back1 a di/ance ( #ec miles1 9 #h h\rs & #bj m9utes4 ,%e 0 !n supposably light1 z x is /at$ t %e 0 aga9 tri$ ,septemb] #aa1 #ahae1 ) #bf ( h] guns on bo>d1 & ammunition & /ores to br+ h] d[n to ne>ly #aa feet draught4 ,%e /eam$ f #d-a_/b to #e miles an h\r1 ,fulton hav+ only promis$ #c1 & may c]ta9ly be consid]$ to h be5 a success4 ,%e 0 nev] commission$1 b 0 us$ z a receiv+ %ip at ,new ,york until ,june #d1 #ahbi1 :5 %e accid5tally blew up4 ,! g5]al sl[ness ) :i* m5 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury receiv$ ! idea ( ! mighty *anges imp5d+ may be recogniz$ :5 we look ov] ! few publications connect$ ) navigation !n publi%$4 ,m9d seem$ to move m sl[ly 9 ^? days2 communication 0 t$i\s & difficult4 ,ed9burgh 0 z f> f ,london 9 l5g? ( "t tak5 = ! j\rney z is n[ ,new ,york f ,new ,orleans2 few pap]s 7 publi%$2 !re 7 no sci5tific j\rnals ( value2 no great associations ( m5 giv5 to meet+ & discuss+ sci5tific que/ions except+ ! few pond]\s societies :i* dealt m 9 ab/ract que/ions ?an 9 ! daily advances ( ! me*anical _w4 ,x 0 ?us t ! /eam vessel came sl[ly to ! front1 & t x took m ?an a ?ird ( ! :ole "t :i* has elaps$ s9ce ,fulton's successful ef=t to conv9ce m5 t x might be possible to c>ry on traffic by /eam across ! ,atlantic4 ,dr4 ,l>dn] is almo/ *iefly rememb]$ by 8 fam\s unwill+ness to grant ! possibility ( /eam+ directly f ,liv]pool to ,new ,york2 & by 8 rem>k1 8,z to ! project1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 ann\nc$ 9 ! newspap]s1 ( mak+ ! voyage directly f ,new ,york to ,liv]pool1 x 01 he _h no hesitation 9 say+1 p]fectly *im]ical1 & t !y might z well talk ( mak+ a voyage f ,new ,york or ,liv]pool to ! moon40#a ,he /rongly urg$ divid+ ! transit by us+ ,irel& z "o ( ! int]m$iate /eps1 & go+ !nce to ,newf\ndl&4 ,he curi\sly limit$ ! size ( %ips :i* might be us$1 & _! coal-c>ry+ p[]s4 ,?\gh a philosoph]1 he did n seem to grasp t if ! /eam%ip _h gr[n to :at x 0 9 #ahce f ! small beg9n+s ( #ahjg x might gr[ ev5 m1 & its ma*9]y be subject to developm5t 9 lat] times z x _h be5 9 ! e>li]4 ,l>dn] seems to h typifi$ ! g5]al /ate ( m9d :5 9 #ahcf ! ,great ,we/]n ,/eam%ip ,company 0 =m$1 f :i* really dates transatlantic traffic4 ,a slight retrospect is necess>y to enable u to und]/& ! /atus ( /eam at ! "t4 ,little really _h be5 done beyond ! e/abli%m5t ( coa/1 riv]1 & lake navigation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & coa/wise traffic 9 ,great ,brita92 a few small vessels _h be5 built = ! ,briti% navy4 ,9 #ahbe ! ,ent]prise 7#abb feet l5g? ( keel & #bg feet beam7 _h gone to ,calcutta f ,london 9 #aac days1 #aj ( :i* _h be5 sp5t 9 /oppages2 & /eam mail communication ) ,india 0 ab\t be+ def9itely e/abli%$ :5 ! keel ( ! ,great ,we/]n 0 laid4 ,up to ?is "t ,am]ica _h und]gone mu* ! great] developm5t1 bo? 9 numb] ( /eam vessels & tonnage4 ,9 #ahbi our enroll$ tonnage 0 #ed1jcg tons1 or r m ?an twice t ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,*>le/on & ,savannah _h regul> /eam communication ) our nor!rn ports4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 9 #ahch1 returns %[ t ! =m] _h #ad /eam]s1 ! l>ge/ be+ ( #dff tons2 ,philadelphia _h #aa1 ! l>ge/ be+ ( #efc tons2 ,new ,york _h #gg1 ( :i* #ci 7 ( a l>ge class1 exce$+ g5]ally #cjj tons--! l>ge/ 0 ! ,presid5t1 ( #fae tons1 built 9 #ahbi4 ,liv]pool _h at ?is date #da /eam]s2 ! l>ge/ 0 ( #eei tons1 #d o!rs exce$$ #bjj tons1 & all ! o!rs 7 mu* small]4 ,london _h #afi1 ( :i* ! l>ge/ 0 ! ,briti% ,que51 j built1 ( #a1jec tons2 ! next l>ge/ 0 ( #dig tons4 ,glasg[ & ,belfa/ _h be5 9 regul> /eam communication s9ce #ahah2 ,glasg[ & ,liv]pool1 ,london & ,lei?1 s9ce #ahbb4 ,! fir/ f]ry-boat on ! ,m]sey1 x may be not$1 ! ,etna1 #fc feet long1 ) a paddle-:eel 9 ! c5tre1 began h] trips 9 #ahaf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #ahai ! ,atlantic 0 fir/ cross$ by a %ip us+ /eam4 ,?is 0 ! ,savannah1 ( #chj tons1 laun*$ at ,corle>'s ,hook1 ,new ,york1 ,augu/ #bb1 #ahah4b ,%e 0 built to ply betwe5 ,new ,york & ,savannah z a sail+-packet4 ,%e 01 h[ev]1 pur*as$ by ,savannah m]*ants & fitt$ ) /eam ma*9]y1 ! paddle-:eels be+ con/ruct$ to fold up & be laid ^u ! deck :5 n 9 use1 h] %aft also hav+ a jo9t = t purpose4 ,%e left ,savannah on ! #bf? ( ,may1 & rea*$ ,liv]pool 9 #be days1 us+ /eam #ah days4 ,! log-book1 /ill pres]v$1 notes sev]al times tak+ ! :eels 9 on deck 9 ?irty m9utes4 ,9 ,augu/ %e left ,liv]pool = ,cron/adt4 ,an ef=t 0 made to sell h] to ,russia1 :i* fail$4 ,%e sail$ = ,savannah1 t\*+ at ,cop5hag5 & ,ar5dal1 & arriv$ 9 #ec days4 ,h] ma*9]y lat] 0 tak5 out1 & %e resum$ h] orig9al "* z a sail+-packet1 & end$ h] days by be+ wreck$ on ! s\? coa/ ( ,long ,isl&4 ,b /eam-p[] _h by #ahcj gr[n l>ge en\gh to /rike out m boldly4 ,! ,savannah's ef=t 0 an attempt 9 :i* /eam 0 only an auxili>y1 & "o1 too1 ( a n v p[]ful k9d4 ,our coa/wise /eam]s1 z well z ^? employ$ 9 ,great ,brita91 z also ! voyage ( ! ,ent]prise to ,calcutta 9 #ahbe 7?\gh %e took #aac days 9 do+ x71 _h settl$ ! possibility ( ! use ( /eam at sea1 & ! "q _h n[ become :e!r a %ip c\ld be built to cross ! ,atlantic dep5d+ entirely on h] /eam p[]4 ,x _h become :olly a "q ( fuel consumption4 ,! ,savannah1 x may be said1 us$ pit*-p9e on h] outw>d voyage1 & wood 0 = a v long "t ! *ief fuel = /eam+ purposes 9 ,am]ica4 ,h[ v important ?is "q 0 w be und]/ood :5 x is kn[n t ,mr4 ,mc,gregor ,laird1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,birk5head firm1 9 #ahcd1 laid be=e ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ,/eam ,navigation to ,india ! foll[+ e/imate ( coal consumption3 ,"u #abj horse-p[]1 #aj-a_/b lbs4 p] horse-p[]4 #afj #i-a_/b #bjj #h-a_/b #bdj #h ,or m ?an f\r times :at is consum$ to-day 9 mod]ately economical %ips4 ,9 o!r words1 to /eam at h] pres5t rate across ! ,atlantic ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 ( #ah1jjj horse-p[]1 w\ld ne$ to />t ) some?+ l #g1ejj tons ( coal on bo>d 7 h] consumption p] indicat$ horse-p[] equal to t ( ! be/ sea practice ( t date1 :i* c\ld h>dly h be5 "u #f p\nds p] indicat$ horse-p[] p] h\r4 ,?is may be said to h be5 ! /atus ( affairs :51 9 #ahcf1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,brunei's bold g5ius1 ! ,great ,we/]n ,/eam%ip ,company 0 f\nd$ z an (f-%oot ( ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway1 ^: t]m9us 0 !n ,bri/ol4 ,brunel wi%$ to "k :y ! l9e %\ld n ext5d itself to ,new ,york1 & ! result ( 8 sugge/ion 0 ! =mation ( ! /eam%ip company & ! lay+ d[n at ,bri/ol ( _! fir/ %ip1 ! ,great ,we/]n4 ,brunel's l>ge ideas 7 %[n 9 ?is %ip1 ?\gh 9 comp>atively a less degree1 z well z 9 8 lat] ones4 ,%e 0 ( unprec$5t$ size1 det]m9$ on by ,brunel z be+ necess>y = ! requisite p[] & coal-c>ry+ capacity4 ,! foll[+ 7 h] pr9cipal dim5sions3 ,l5g? ov] all1 #bcf ft42 l5g? betwe5 p]p5dicul>s1 #bab ft42 l5g? ( keel1 #bje ft42 bread?1 #ce ft4 #d 942 dep? ( hold1 #bc ft4 #b 942 draught ( wat]1 #af ft4 #h 942 l5g? ( eng9e-room1 #gb ft42 tonnage by measurem5t1 #a1cdj tons2 displacem5t at load-draught1 #b1cjj tons4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,we/]n1 f an old pa9t+4 ,dim5sions ( eng9es3 ,diamet] ( cyl9d]s1 #gc-a_/b 942 l5g? ( /roke1 #g ft42 weight ( eng9es1 :eels1 etc41 #caj tons2 numb] ( boil]s1 #d2 weight ( boil]s1 #ij tons2 weight ( wat] 9 boil]s1 #hj tons2 diamet] ( :eel1 #bh ft4 #i 942 wid? ( floats1 #aj ft4 ,h] eng9es 7side-lev]7 7 built by ! great firm ( ,maudslay ,field1 :o _h be5 = "s "t "o ( ! mo/ notable m>9e-eng9e build+ firms ( ! p]iod 9 ,great ,brita94 ,!y _h1 up to #ahcf1 built #ff eng9es = /eam]s2 ! fir/ be+ 9 #ahae1 :5 !y built ^? ( ! ,ri*mond1 ( #ag horse-p[]4 ,! indicat$ p[] ( ! ,great ,we/]n 0 #gej2 & a notable measure ( ! /ride :i* /eam has tak5 9 ! half-c5tury s9ce !y und]took ?is contract is t !y h s9ce con/ruct$ tw9-screw eng9es f :i* !y h gu>ante$ to produce #ai1ejj horse-p[]4 ,^! drive a great armor-clad1 :i* has six times ! displacem5t ( ! ,great ,we/]n & twice h] ord9>y spe$4 ,! ,great ,we/]n 0 laun*$ on ,july #ai1 #ahcg1 & 0 t[$ f ,bri/ol to ! ,?ames to receive h] ma*9]y1 :]e %e 0 ! wond] ( ,london4 ,%e left = ,bri/ol on ,m>* #ca1 #ahch2 & arriv$1 aft] hav+ _h a s]i\s fire on bo>d1 on ,april #b;d4 ,9 ! meantime o!rs _h be5 /ruck ) ! possibility ( /eam+ to ,new ,york2 & a company1 ( :i* ! mov+ _s 0 ,mr4 ,j4 ,laird1 ( ,birk5head1 pur*as$ ! ,sirius1 ( #gjj tons1 employ$ betwe5 ,london & ,cork1 & prep>$ h] = a voyage to ,new ,york4 ,! completion ( ! ,great ,we/]n 0 consequ5tly ha/5$2 & %e left ,bri/ol on ,sunday1 ,april #h1 #ahch1 at #aj ,a4,m4 ) #g pass5g]s on bo>d1 & rea*$ ,new ,york on ,monday1 ! #bc;d1 ! aft]noon ( ! same day ) ! ,sirius1 :i* _h left ,cork ,h>bor 7:]e %e _h t\*$ en r\te f ,london7 f\r days be=e ! ,great ,we/]n _h left ,bri/ol4 ,! latt] /ill _h ne>ly #bjj tons ( coal1 ( ! total ( #hjj1 on bo>d on arrival2 ! ,sirius _h consum$ h] :ole supply1 & 0 b>ely able to make h>bor4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross-section ( ! ,great ,we/]n4 ,x is ne$less to speak ( ! reception ( ^! two %ips at ,new ,york4 ,x 0 an ev5t :i* /irr$ ! :ole c\ntry1 & ) reason2 x _h practically1 at "o /roke1 r$uc$ ! bread? ( ! ,atlantic by half1 & br\ght ! ,old & ,new ,_w by s mu* ! ne>] toge!r4 ,! ,great ,we/]n />t$ on h] return voyage1 ,may #g?1 ) #ff pass5g]s4 ,?is 0 made 9 #ad days1 ?\gh "o 0 lo/ by a /oppage at sea4 ,h] av]age daily run out 0 #bjb miles1 or ab\t #h-a_/b knots p] h\r2 9 return+ %e made an av]age ( close ^u #i4 ,h] coal consumption to ,new ,york 0 #fee tons1 ?\gh 9 return+ x 0 #cib tons--due no d\bt to ! aid f ! we/]ly w9ds :i* g5]ally prevail 9 ! ,nor? ,atlantic 9 ! high] latitudes4 ,%e made 9 all1 betwe5 #ahch & #ahdc1 #fd voyages across ! ,atlantic1 h] av]age "t f ,bri/ol or ,liv]pool to ,new ,york1 ) an av]age di/ance ( #c1jfb-a_/b knots1 be+ #ae days #ab h\rs1 & f ,new ,york ea/w>d1 ov] an av]age di/ance ( #c1aje knots1 #ac days #f h\rs4 ,h] fa/e/ we/w>d passage 0 9 #ab days #ah h\rs2 h] longe/ 9 #bb days #f h\rs4 ,h] fa/e/ ea/w>d 0 9 #ab days #g-a_/b h\rs2 & longe/1 9 #ae days4 ,! l>ge/ numb] ( pass5g]s c>ri$ 0 #aeb1 & %e av]ag$ ?r\gh\t #he4 ,9 #ahdg %e 0 sold to ! ,we/ ,india ,/eam ,packet ,company1 & 9 #aheg1 ab\t ! "t t ,mr4 ,brunel 0 laun*+ 8 la/ & greate/ %ip1 %e 0 brok5 up at ,vauxhall2 & h] f9al prov9ce no d\bt 0 to fe$ ! draw+-room fires ( ! ,we/ ,end ( ,london1 a fate to :i* _m a worn-out wayf>] ( ! seas is ye>ly devot$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,brita94 ,/eam communication betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica _h ?us be5 demon/rat$ z possible beyond a d\bt1 & o!rs 7 n sl[ to make ! v5ture4 ,! ,great ,we/]n ,company !mselves det]m9$ to lay d[n a second %ip2 & x hav+ be5 quickly se5 t ! mails mu/ be h5ce=? c>ri$ by /eam1 a g5tleman f ,halifax1 ,nova ,scotia1 appe>$ ^u ! sc5e1 :o 0 de/9$ to connect 8 "n indelibly ) ! hi/ory ( /eam ^u ! ,atlantic4 ,?is 0 ,mr4 ,samuel ,cun>d1 :o _h nurs$ ! idea ( su* a /eam l9e = "s ye>s1 & :o n[1 ) ,mr4 ,george ,burns1 ( ,glasg[1 & ,mr4 ,david ,mc,iver1 ( ,liv]pool1 f\nd$ ! great company kn[n by ,mr4 ,cun>d's "n4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ?is l9e & ! build+ ( ! ,great ,brita9 by ! ,great ,we/]n ,company are two mo/ notable ev5ts 9 /eam navigation ! "o putt+ ! /eam traffic betwe5 ! two c\ntries on a firm & secure basis2 ! o!r m>k+ a notable /ep 9 ! revolution 9 con/ruction & means ( apply+ ! propell+ p[]1 de/9$ be=e _m ye>s to be completely accept$ to ! exclusion ( ! wood5 hull & ! paddle-:eel4 ,x is n fair to speak ( ! use ( iron 9 ! ,great ,brita9 = ! hull1 9 a g5]al way1 z ! beg9n+ ( ! *ange2 %e 0 only ! fir/ l>ge %ip to be built ( ?is mat]ial4 ,! cr$it ( ! introduction ( iron is l>gely to be aw>d$ to ,mr4 ,john ,laird1 ( ,birk5head1 :o 9 #ahbi built a light] #fj feet long1 #ac feet #d in*es 9 bread?1 & #f feet dep? ( hold2 & 9 #ahcc1 a paddle-:eel /eam]1 ! ,lady ,lansd[ne1 ( #adh tons1 #acc feet long1 #ag feet broad & #i feet #f in*es deep4 8,9 ! foll[+ ye> ,mr4 ,laird con/ruct$ a second paddle-/eam]1 = ,g4 ,b4 ,lam>1 ,esq41 ( ,savannah1 ,unit$ ,/ates1 call$ ! ,john ,r&olph4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ iron vessel ev] se5 9 ,am]ican wat]s4 ,%e 0 %ipp$ 9 pieces at ,liv]pool1 & rivet$ toge!r 9 ! ,savannah ,riv]1 :]e = sev]al ye>s aft]w>d %e 0 us$ z a tug-boat40 ,?\gh ,mr4 ,laird 0 ! able/ uphold] ( iron z a mat]ial = %ip-build+1 & 0 ! l>ge/ build] 9 x1 ! idea exi/$ be=e him--,ri*>d ,trevi?ick & ,rob]t ,/ev5son s e>ly z #ahji propos+ iron vessels1 8& ev5 sugge/$ #8ma/s1 y>ds1 & sp>s to be con/ruct$ 9 plates1 ) telescope-jo9ts or screw$ toge!r2 & 9 #ahae ,mr4 ,dick5son pat5t$ an inv5tion = vessels1 or r boats1 to be built ( iron1 ) a holl[ wat]-tight gunwale0 7,l9dsay1 vol4 iv41 p4 #he74 ,b no?+ came ( ^! proposals1 & ! fir/ iron vessel m5tion$ 0 built 9 #ahah by ,?omas ,wilson1 ne> ,glasg[--! fir/ /eam vessel be+ ! ,a>on ,manby1 8con/ruct$ 9 #ahba at ,horsley0 7,l9dsay74 8,up to #ahcd1 ,mr4 ,laird _h con/ruct$ six iron vessels altoge!r20 ! l>ge/ ( ^! 0 ! ,g>ry[51 ( #cjj tons1 = ! ,city ( ,dubl9 ,/eam ,packet ,company4 ,o!rs ( consid]able size by ! same build] foll[$1 & ! mat]ial began to come into use else:]e4 ,9 #ahcg ! ,ra9b[1 ( #fjj tons1 by f> ! l>ge/ iron /eam] :i* _h yet be5 built1 0 laid d[n at ,birk5head4 ,x w ?us be se5 h[ bold 0 ! /ep tak5 by ,mr4 ,brunel :51 9 #ahch1 he advis$ ! ,great ,we/]n ,company to use iron z ! mat]ial = _! new %ip1 :i* 0 to be ( ! />tl+ size ( #c1ddc tons displacem5t4 ,nor 7 8 innovations to /op ) size & mat]ial4 ,on 8 e>ne/ recomm5dation to ! company x 0 decid$1 9 #ahci1 to *ange f ! fir/ design ( ! usual paddle-:eels to a screw4 ,illu/ration3 ,ericsson's ,fir/ ,arrangem5t ( ,und]wat] ,propell] 7,oct4 #aj1 #ahcd74 ,ericsson's ,propell] 7,july #ac1 #ahcf74 ,smi?'s ,am5d$ ,specification 7,may #ah1 #ahci74 ,smi?'s ,specification 7,may #ca1 #ahcf74 ,camm]['s ,specification 7,dec4 #aj1 #ahbh74 ,specifications ( ,e>ly ,pat5ts tak5 out 9 ,engl&4 ,?ree ye>s be=e 79 #ahcf71 a ,sw$e1 ^: "n 0 de/9$ to become mu* m fam\s 9 our own l&1 _h successfully %[n ! practicability ( screw propulsion1 9 ! ,francis ,b4 ,ogd51 on ! ,?ames4 8,%e 0 #de feet long & #h feet wide1 draw+ #b feet #c in*es ( wat]4 ,9 ?is vessel he fitt$ 8 eng9e & two propell]s1 ea* ( #e feet #c in*es diamet]0 7,l9dsay74 ,%e made t5 miles an h\r1 & %[$ h] capabilities by t[+ a l>ge packet%ip at good spe$4 ,!re 0 no "q ( ! success ( ?is little vessel1 :i* 0 witness$ on "o occasion by sev]al ( ! lords ( ! admiralty4 ,not)/&+ h] unqualifi$ success1 ,ericsson _h no support 9 ,engl&4 ,x happ5$1 h[ev]1 t ,commodore ,/ockton1 ( our navy1 0 !n 9 ,london2 & witness+ a trial ( ! ,ogd51 ord]$ two small boats ( him4 ,"o1 ! ,rob]t ,f4 ,/ockton1 0 built1 9 #ahch1 ( iron1 by ,laird--#fc feet #e in*es 9 l5g?1 #aj feet 9 bread?1 & #g feet 9 dep?4 ,%e 0 tak5--,april1 #ahci--"u sail1 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by a crew ( a ma/] & f\r m54 ,?is little vessel 0 ! =]unn] ( ! fam\s ,pr9ceton1 built aft] ! designs ( ,ericsson1 :o _h be5 induc$ by ,commodore ,/ockton to come to ,am]ica z (f]+ a m k9dly field = 8 tal5ts4 ,9 ! same ye> ) ,ericsson's trial ( ! ,ogd51 ,mr4 ,?omas ,pettit ,smi? took out a pat5t = a screw2 & x 0 by ! company =m$ by ,smi? t ! screw propell] 0 fir/ tri$ on a l>ge scale1 9 ! ,ar*im$es1 ( #bcg tons1 9 #ahci4 ,( c\rse ! names m5tion$ by no means exhau/ ! li/ ( claimants to ?is great inv5tion4 ,nor c x be said to h be5 inv5t$ by ei!r ( ^! two1 b !y 7 ! fir/ to score decisive successes & conv9ce ! _w ( its practicability4 ,9 #aggj1 ,watt wrote to ,dr4 ,smalls 7:o1 a ,scot1 0 at "o "t a pr(essor at ,william & ,m>y ,college1 9 ,virg9ia1 b return$ to ,engl& 9 #aghe7 reg>d+ ! latt]'s exp]im5ts 9 relation to canal navigation1 ask+ him1 8,h y ev] consid]$ a spiral o> = t purpose1 or are y = two :eels80 ,9 ! lett] is ! sket*1 a fac-simile ( :i* is "h %[n3 ,illu/ration3 ,sket* ( spiral o> ,dr4 ,smalls answ]s t1 8,i h tri$ models ( spiral o>s1 & h f\nd !m all inf]ior to o>s ( ei!r ( ! o!r =ms0 7,muirhead's 8,life ( ,watt10 p4 #bjc74 ,joseph ,bramah1 9 #aghe1 took out a pat5t = propell+ vessels by /eam1 :]e91 aft] describ+ ! me?od figur$ 9 8 specification ( us+ a :eel at ! /]n ( a vessel1 9 :i* he places ! rudd] at ! b[1 he proce$s z foll[s3 8,in/ead ( ?is :eel ,a may be introduc$ a :eel ) incl9$ fans1 or w+s1 simil> to ! fly ( a smoke-jack1 or ! v]tical sails ( a w9d-mill4 ,?is :eel1 or fly1 may be fix$ on ! sp9dle ,c alone1 & may be :olly "u wat]1 :5 x w\ld1 by be+ turn$ r\nd ei!r way1 cause ! %ip to be =c$ backw>d or =w>d1 z ! incl9ation ( ! fans1 or w+s1 w act z o>s ) equal =ce bo? ways2 & _! p[] w be 9 proportion to ! size & velocity ( ! :eel1 all[+ ! fans to h a prop] incl9ation4 ,! /eam-eng9e w also s]ve to cle> ! %ip ( wat] ) s+ul> exp$ition1 :i* is a circum/ance ( mu* consequ5ce40 ,bramah ?us v cle>ly describes ! screw1 & 9 s do+ mu/ unque/ionably be numb]$ z "o ( ! _m fa!rs ( ?is sy/em ( propulsion4 ,fit*1 z be=e /at$1 is record$1 on mo/ tru/wor?y evid5ce1 to h be5 ano!r3 & ,mr4 ,/ev5s1 ( ,hobok51 n only c>ri$ out successful exp]im5ts ) ! screw 9 #ahjd1 at ,new ,york1 b ev5 exp]im5t$ ) tw9 screws4 ,*>les ,cumm][1 89 ! ,city ( ,london1 m]*ant10 pat5t$1 9 #ahbh1 8c]ta9 improvem5ts 9 propell+ vessels1 communicat$ to me by a c]ta9 =eign] resid+ abroad10 9 :i* ! screw is set =? 9 a mann] n to be que/ion$4 ,:o ! 8c]ta9 =eign]0 01 :o communicat$ ! inv5tion to ,mr4 ,cumm][1 has n come d[n to u4 ,x _h1 h[ev]1 l ! /eamboat z a :ole1 to wait = a c]ta9 prep>$ness 9 ! human intellect4 ,inv5tion knock$ h>d1 & sometimes (t51 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! c5tury1 be=e ! doors ( ! m9d 7 op5$ to receive x2 & too frequ5tly !n ! reception 0 b a surly "o1 & att5tion def]r$ f visitor to visitor until "o came1 z did ,fulton1 or ,ericsson1 :o w\ld n be d5i$4 ,! transf] ( ,ericsson to ,am]ica left an op5 field = ,mr4 ,pettit ,smi?1 & ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ! ,screw ,propell] ,company _h ! effect ( p]man5tly direct+ ! att5tion 9 ,great ,brita9 ( ^? int]e/$ 9 su* subjects4 ,! screw us$ 9 ! ,ar*im$es 8consi/$ ( two half-?reads1 ( an #h feet pit*1 #e feet #i in*es 9 diamet]4 ,ea* 0 #d feet 9 l5g?1 & !y 7 plac$ diametrically opposite ea* o!r at an angle ( ab\t #de degrees on ! propell]-%aft0 7,l9dsay74 ,%e 0 tri$ 9 #ahci1 & 9 #ahdj ,mr4 ,brunel sp5t "s "t 9 inve/igat+ h] p]=mance4 ,8 m9d1 bold & orig9al 9 all its own conceptions1 0 quick to appreciate ! new me?od2 &1 al?\gh ! eng9es ( ! ,great ,brita9 7 already begun1 design$ = paddle-:eels1 he br\ght ! directors ( ! company1 :o _h und]tak5 ! build+ ( _! own ma*9]y1 to cons5t to a *ange4 ,! foll[+ details ( ! %ip are tak5 f ! 8,life ( ,brunel30 ,total l5g?1 #cbb ft42 l5g? ( keel1 #bhi ft42 beam1 #ea ft42 dep?1 #cb ft4 #f 942 draught ( wat]1 #af ft42 tonnage measurem5t1 #c1ddc tons2 displacem5t1 #b1ihd tons2 numb] ( cyl9d]s1 #d2 diamet] ( cyl9d]1 #hh 942 l5g? ( /roke1 #f ft42 weight ( eng9es1 #cdj tons2 weight ( boil]s1 #bjj tons2 weight ( wat] 9 boil]s1 #bjj tons2 weight ( screw-%aft1 #ch tons2 diamet] ( screw1 #ae ft4 #f 942 pit* ( screw1 #be ft42 weight ( screw1 #d tons2 diamet] ( ma9 drum1 #ah ft42 diamet] ( screw-%aft drum1 #f ft42 weight ( coal1 #a1bjj tons4 8,9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,great ,brita91 ! same c>e :i* _h be5 sp5t 9 secur+ longitud9al /r5g? 9 ! wood5 hull ( ! ,great ,we/]n 0 n[ giv5 to ! suitable di/ribution ( ! metal40 ,a balanc$ rudd] & bilge keels 7 p>ts ( h] orig9al con/ruction1 & an unusual me?od ( lapp+ ! plates 0 us$4 8,ap>t f _! size1 ! design ( ! eng9es ( ! ,great ,brita9 necess>ily pres5t$ _m peculi>ities4 ,! boil]s1 :i* 7 #f 9 numb]1 7 plac$ t\*+ ea* o!r1 s z to =m "o l>ge boil] ab\t #cc feet squ>e1 divid$ by "o transv]se & two longitud9al p>titions4 8,x w\ld seem t ! boil] 0 work$ ) a pressure ( ab\t #h p\nds on ! squ>e in*4 8,! ma9 %aft ( ! eng9e _h a crank at ei!r end ( x1 & 0 made holl[2 a /ream ( wat] be+ kept runn+ ?r\gh x1 s z to prev5t heat+ 9 ! be>+s4 ,an important "p 9 ! design 0 ! me?od by :i* motion 0 transmitt$ f ! eng9e-%aft to ! screw-%aft1 = ! screw 0 arrang$ to g ?ree revolutions to ea* revolution ( ! eng9es4 ,:]e ! eng9es d n drive ! screw directly1 ?is is n[ univ]sally effect$ by means ( too!d ge>+2 b :5 ! eng9es ( ! ,great ,brita9 7 made1 x 0 ?\ght t ?is arrangem5t w\ld be too j>r+ & noisy4 ,aft] mu* consid]ation1 *a9s 7 us$1 work+ r\nd diff]5t-siz$ drums1 ) not*es 9 !m1 into :i* fitt$ projections on ! *a9s40 ,on ,july #aj1 #ahdc1 ?is 7= ! "t7 great %ip 0 float$ out ( dock2 b x 0 n until ,janu>y #bc1 #ahde1 t %e left ,bri/ol = ,london1 mak+ on h] voyage an av]age ( #ab-a_/c knots an h\r4 ,%e left ,liv]pool = ,new ,york on ,augu/ #bf?1 & arriv$ on ,septemb] #aj?1 hav+ made ! passage out 9 #ad days & #ba h\rs2 %e return$ 9 #ae-a_/b days4 ,dur+ ! next w9t]1 aft] "o m voyage to ,new ,york1 alt]ations 7 made1 to give a bett] supply ( /eam1 & a new screw 0 fitt$4 ,%e made two voyages to ,new ,york 9 #ahdf2 & on ,septemb] #bb;d %e left ,liv]pool on a ?ird1 b ov]ran h] reckon+ & /r&$ 9 ,dundrum ,bay1 on ! nor!a/ coa/ ( ,irel&1 :5 x 0 suppos$ %e 0 only r\nd+ ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,?is un=tunate ev5t complet$ ! ru9 ( ! company1 already 9 f9ancial /raits ?r\gh ! competition ( ! ,cun>d l9e2 & ! %ip aft] h] rescue1 effect$ ,augu/ #bg1 #ahdg1 almo/ a ye> aft] gr\nd+1 0 8sold to ,messrs4 ,gibbs1 ,bright ,co41 ( ,liv]pool1 by :om %e 0 repair$ & fitt$ ) auxili>y eng9es ( #ejj nom9al horse-p[]4 ,on a g5]al survey be+ made x 0 f\nd t %e _h n suff]$ any alt]ation ( =m1 nor 0 %e at all /ra9$4 ,%e 0 tak5 out ( dock 9 ,octob]1 #ahea1 & s9ce t "t %e has made regul> voyages betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,au/ralia40 ,^! la/ few l9es appe> 9 ! 8,life ( ,brunel10 publi%$ 9 #ahgj4 ,b %e 0 lat] *ang$ into a sail+-%ip1 & only 9 #ahhf /r&$ aga9 at ! ,falkl& ,isl&s4 ,%e 0 float$2 b be+ badly injur$1 0 sold to s]ve z a hulk1 & !re no d\bt w be pass$ ! la/ days ( :at may be reg>d$ "o ( ! fam\s %ips ( ! _w4 ,%e 01 = ! "t1 z bold a conception z 0 h] great design]'s lat] v5ture1 ! ,great ,ea/]n4 ,! acceptance by ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,cun>d company's bid = ! contract = c>ry+ ! mails to ,am]ica result$ 9 putt+ afloat1 9 #ahdj1 ! ,acadia1 ,britannia1 ,columbia1 & ,cal$onia4 ,! fir/ vessels ( ! ,cun>d l9e 7 all wood5 paddle-:eel /eam]s1 ) eng9es by ,napi]1 ( ,glasg[1 ( ! usual side-lev] class2 ! return-flue boil]s & jet-cond5s]s 7 us$1 ! latt] hold+ _! place = _m ye>s to come1 ?\gh surface cond5sation _h already appe>$ z an exp]im5t4 ,! company 0 to c>ry ! mails =tnightly betwe5 ,liv]pool1 ,halifax1 & ,bo/on1 regul> sail+s to be adh]$ to1 & f\r vessels to be employ$1 = ! sum ( #ha1jjj 7#djj1jjj7 p] annum4 ,! contract 0 made = sev5 ye>s1 b 0 cont9u$ f "t to "t = =ty-six--no break occurr+ 9 ?is ne>ly half-c5tury's s]vice1 :5 ! ,umbria--,novemb] #d1 #ahhf--0 ! fir/ %ip 9 ! hi/ory ( ! company to leave ,liv]pool on ! regul> day ( sail+ = ,am]ica )\t mails4 ,?is break1 h[ev]1 0 b mom5t>y1 & ! l9e almo/ at once resum$ its anci5t duty4 ,! ,britannia 0 ! fir/ ( ! fleet to sail2 &1 /range to say 7f ! usual seaman's po9t ( view71 ,friday1 ,july #d1 #ahdj1 0 ! day select$4 ,%e arriv$ at ,bo/on 9 #ad days & #h h\rs1 a v successful passage = ! "t4 ,x mu/ h requir$ consid]able moral c\rage 9 ! projectors to inaugurate su* an und]tak+ on a day ( ! week :i* has be5 s long on ! black-li/ ( sailor sup]/ition1 not)/&+ x _h ! advantage ( be+ ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce4 ,! success ( ?is l9e ought c]ta9ly to rehabilitate ,friday to a position ( equality among ! m =tunate days1 ?\gh x w be obs]v$ t none ( ! transatlantic l9es h yet select$ x z a day ( sail+4 ,! ,britannia1 :i* 0 repres5tative ( ! qu>tette1 0 ( ! foll[+ dim5sions3 ,l5g? ( keel & =e rake1 #bjg ft42 bread? ( beam1 #cd ft4 #b 942 dep? ( hold1 #bb ft4 #d 942 mean draught1 #af ft4 #aj 942 displacem5t1 #b1jej tons2 diamet] ( cyl9d]1 #gb-a_/b 942 l5g? ( /roke1 #hb 942 numb] ( boil]s1 #d2 pressure c>ri$1 #i lbs4 p] sq4 942 numb] ( furnaces1 #ab2 fire-grate area1 #bbb ft42 indicat$ horse-p[]1 #gdj2 coal consumption p] indicat$ horse-p[] p] h\r1 #e4a lbs42 coal consumption p] day1 #ch tons2 bunk] capacity1 #fdj tons2 c>go capacity1 #bbe tons2 cab9 pass5g]s c>ri$1 #ij2 av]age spe$1 #h4e knots4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ^! %ips 7 n an advance ^u ! ,great ,we/]n1 b 7 ev5 slightly small]1 ) ab\t ! same coal consumption & ) r less spe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ( ! ,hib]nia & ,cambria4 ,a1 saloon2 ,b1 pantry2 ,c1 c5tre /ate-rooms2 ,d1 g5tlem5's cab92 ,e1 ladies' cab92 ,s1 /airs2 ,f1 w9e cell>2 ,g1 ,g1 ,g1 goods2 ,k1 /ew>ds' b]?s 9 c5tre2 ,h1 ,h1 coal ho'd2 ,p1 ,p1 =e-cab92 ,q1 /e]age2 ,l1 =eca/le2 ,r1 /ore-room2 ,m1 mail-room2 ,o1 sail-room2 ,v1 eng9e]s & firem54 ,! ,hib]nia & ,cambria foll[$ 9 #ahdc & #ahde1 #ecj tons l>g] 9 displacem5t1 ) #a1jdj indicat$ horse-p[]1 & /eam+ ab\t #i-a_/b knots p] h\r4 ,! plan gives an idea ( ^! vessels :i* is f> f fulfill+ ! ideas ( ! pres5t ,atlantic travell]1 :o consid]s himself a mu*-injur$ p]son if he has n electric lights & bells1 ba?s ad libitum1 & a reasonable am\nt ( cubic space 9 :i* to be/[ himself4 ,none ( ! lea/ ( ^! exi/$ 9 ! e>li] pass5g] %ips2 a n>r[ b]? to sleep 9 & a pl5tiful supply ( n ov] well prep>$ food 7 af=d$1 b beyond ^! !re 0 little--not)/&+ ! :ole ( ! %ip 0 giv5 up to fir/-cab9 pass5g]s1 emigrants n be+ c>ri$ 9 /eam]s until #ahej1 & x 0 n until #ahec t any /eam] ( ! ,cun>d l9e 0 fitt$ = _! accommodation4 ,h[ little x 0 possible to d = ! w&]] to ,europe 9 ^? days may be se5 :5 comp>ison %[s ! ,britannia to h be5 b half ! l5g? ( ! ,umbria1 b two-?irds h] bread?1 b six-t5?s h] dep?1 ) mu* less ?an half h] spe$1 & less ?an "o-tw5tie? h] p[]4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,cun>d l9e m>k$ ! sett+ ( ocean /eam traffic firmly on its feet4 ,:at 9 #ahce _h be5 /at$ by "o ( ! mo/ tru/$ sci5tific m5 ( t "t z an impossibility1 & ev5 9 #ahch 0 9 d\bt1 _h become an accompli%$ fact2 & :ile ! pro( ( ! practicability ( ! ,am]ican r\te 0 mak+1 prep>ations 7 9 progress = ! ext5sion ( /eam l9es :i* 7 soon to rea* ! ends ( ! _w4 ,a detail$ /atem5t ( hi/oric ev5ts is1 ( c\rse1 "h out ( place1 b a m]e m5tion ( o!r prom95t l&m>ks 9 /eam navigation is almo/ a necessity4 ,! f\nd+ ( ! ,p59sul> ,company1 9 #ahcg1 soon to ext5d its op]ations1 "u ! "n ( ! ,p59sul> & ,ori5tal1 to ,india1 & ! e/abli%m5t1 9 #ahdj1 ( ! ,pacific ,/eam ,navigation ,company1 are dates n to be pass$ by4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! latt] l9e 0 due to "o ( our own c\ntrym5--,william ,:eelwright1 ( ,newburyport1 :o1 :5 consul at ,guayaquil1 grasp$ ! conditions ( ! coa/1 & ?r\gh 8 =esight became "o ( its greate/ b5efactors1 & at ! same "t "o ( its mo/ successful m54 ,he fail$ 9 int]e/+ our own p 9 ! v5ture1 & turn$ to ,london1 :]e 8 success 0 great]4 ,! ,*ili & ,p]u1 ! fir/ vessels ( ?is n[ great fleet1 despat*$ 9 #ahdj1 7 b #aih feet long & ( #gjj tons4 ,x 0 n until #ahfh t ! l9e 0 br\ght into direct communication ) ,engl& by ! e/abli%m5t ( mon?ly /eam]s f ,liv]pool to ,valp>aiso1 via ! ,/raits ( ,magellan4 ,!y _h to await ! dim9i%$ fuel consumption1 :i* ! company itself did s mu* to br+ ab\t ?r\gh comp\nd eng9es & surface cond5sation4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>s we ourselves 7 n idle4 ,9 #ahdc ! celebrat$ screw /eam] ,pr9ceton--^: "n is connect$ 9 s melan*oly a mann] ) ! bur/+ ( ! 8,peacemak]0 & ! dea? ( ! !n ,secret>y ( ! ,navy1 :5 he & a numb] ( o!r high (ficials 7 visit+ ! %ip--0 built = ! navy aft] ,ericsson's designs1 & fitt$ ) "o ( 8 propell]s4 ,%e 0 #afd feet long1 ) #cj feet #f in*es beam1 & a displacem5t1 at #ah feet draught1 ( #a1jdf tons4 ,%e _h a v flat floor1 ) great %>pness =w>d & excessive leanness aft4 ,%e may almo/ be tak5 z repres5tative ( ! lat] type 9 model4 ,%e _h ?ree boil]s1 ea* #bf feet long1 #i feet #d in*es high1 & #g feet wide1 ) a grate surface ( #acd squ>e feet4 ,9 #ahde1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,=bes1 ( ,bo/on1 s long kn[n = 8 intimate & successful connection ) %ipp+ int]e/s1 built ! auxili>y screw /eam]s ,massa*usetts & ,edi? = transatlantic trade4 ,! =m] 0 some:at ! l>g]1 & 0 #agh feet long & #cb broad4 ,h] ma*9]y 0 design$ by ,ericsson1 & _h #b cyl9d]s1 #be in*es diamet]1 work+ ne>ly at "r angles to ea* o!r4 ,! ma*9]y 0 built by ,hogg ,delamat]1 ( ,new ,york1 & _h ! peculi>ity ( hav+ ! %aft pass ?r\gh ! /]n at ! side ( ! /]n-po/1 "u a pat5t ( ,ericsson's4 ,! propell]1 on ,ericsson's pr9ciple1 0 #i-a_/b feet diamet]1 & c\ld be hoi/$ :5 ! %ip 0 "u sail4 ,%e made b "o voyage to ,liv]pool1 & 0 !n *>t]$ by our ,gov]nm5t to c>ry troops to ,mexico1 9 #ahdf2 b 0 lat] b\ght into ! naval s]vice & kn[n z ! ,f>ralones4 ,9 ,june1 #ahdg1 ! same ye> :i* witness$ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,pacific ,mail ,company1 ! ,wa%+ton1 ( #d1jjj tons displacem5t1 & ( #b1jjj indicat$ horse-p[]1 0 ! pione] ( a l9e betwe5 ,new ,york & ,brem51 t\*+ at ,s\?ampton4 ,! ,h]mann foll[$ a little lat]1 b 0 some:at l>g]1 ! dim5sions ( ! two %ips be+3 ,wa%+ton4 ,h]mann4 ,total l5g? #bcf #bda ,beam #ci #dj ,dep? #ca #ca ,_! displacem5t 0 ab\t #d1jjj tons4 ,! ,frankl9 foll[$ 9 #ahdh1 & ! ,humboldt 9 #ahej1 bo? be+ a good deal l>g] ?an ! two prec$+4 ,! latt] two 71 h[ev]1 employ$ only betwe5 ,new ,york & ,havre4 ,9 #ahej ! ,coll9s l9e 0 =m$1 ) a l>ge ,gov]nm5t subsidy4 ,9 ! same ye> ! ,inman l9e 0 e/abli%$1 ) screw /eam]s built ( iron--two diff]5ces f ! prevail+ con/ruction1 :i* 7 to be> s p[]ful an influ5ce 9 a few ye>s aga9/ ! success ( /eam]s ( ! type br\ght out by ! ,coll9s company4 ,9 #aheh came ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd1 ) ! mode/ beg9n+s ( its n[ great fleet1 & 9 #ahfa ! ,fr5* ,compagnie ,transatlantique4 ,9 #ahfc ! ,national l9e 0 e/abli%$2 9 #ahff ! ,williams ,guion 7n[ ! ,guion71 :i* _h previ\sly exi/$ z a l9e ( sail+-packets2 & 9 #ahgj ! ,:ite ,/>4 ,^! are ^? 9 :i* we are mo/ int]e/$1 z !y t\* our %ores2 b 9 ! int]val o!r l9es 7 direct$ to all p>ts ( ! _w1 few seaports rema9+1 ( h[ev] little importance1 or ly+ h[ev] f> f civilization1 t _c n[ be rea*$ by regul> /eam communication4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,coll9s l9e 0 "o ( ! great ev5ts ( /eam%ip hi/ory4 ,we _h be5 s successful ^u our coa/s1 riv]s1 & lakes1 t x 0 b natural we %\ld make "s ef=t to d our "p ) /eam ^u ! great] field ( int]national trade4 ,x 0 impossible t ! monopoly :i* _h exi/$ = t5 ye>s 9 ! h&s ( ! ,cun>d company %\ld n be combat$ by "s "o1 & ) ! adv5t ( ! ,coll9s l9e came a /rife = supremacy1 ! memories ( :i* are /ill vivid 9 ! m9ds ( ?\s&s on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic4 ,! ,cun>d company at ?is "t _h increas$ _! fleet by ! addition ( ! ,am]ica1 ,niag>a1 ,europa1 & ,columbia1 all built 9 #ahdh4 ,_! ma*9]y did n diff] mat]ially f t ( ! prec$+ %ips1 9 g5]al design1 b !re _h1 9 ! c\rse ( practice1 come bett] workman%ip & design ( p>ts1 & ! boil] pressure _h be5 increas$ to #ac p\nds1 br++ ! exp5diture p] horse-p[] d[n to #c4h p\nds p] h\r4 ,9 ^! %ips ! freight capacity _h be5 ne>ly d\bl$1 fifty p] c5t4 _h be5 add$ to _! pass5g] accommodation1 & ! company 0 altoge!r pursu+ ! successful c>e] :i* 0 due a l9e :i* c\ld comm& #ce a ton = freight f ,liv]pool to ,new ,york--a rem9isc5ce :i* mu/ make x appe> ! ,gold5 ,age to ! un=tunate /eam%ip-own] ( to-day1 :o is n[ mo/ happy ) a sev5? ( su* e>n+s4 ,! ,coll9s /eam]s 7 a new dep>ture 9 model & arrangem5t2 !y 7 built by ,william ,h4 ,br[n1 a fam\s build] ( ! "t2 exce$$ 9 size & spe$ any?+ !n afloat1 & r$uc$ ! j\rney 9 #ahea & #aheb to ab\t #aa days--?\gh "s voyages 7 made 9 less ?an #aj days4 ,! ,cun>d l9e put afloat ! ,asia & ,africa z competitors1 b !y nei!r equall$ ! ,am]ican /eam]s 9 size nor spe$4 ,! =m] 7 ( #c1fbj tons displacem5t1 ) #a1jjj indicat$ horse-p[]4 ,! comp>ison ( size betwe5 !m & ! ,coll9s /eam]s is z foll[s3 ,l5g?4 ,dep?4 ,beam4 ,draught4 ft4 ft4 94 ft4 ft4 94 ,arctic #bhb #cb #de #bj ,asia #bff #bg #b #dj #ah #i ,! ?ree o!r vessels ( ! ,coll9s l9e 7 ! ,baltic1 ,atlantic1 & ,pacific4 ,!y =m$ a notable fleet1 & fix$ = _m ye>s to come ! type ( ! ,am]ican /eam%ip 9 model & arrangem5t4 ,!y 7 ! "w ( a man ( g5ius :o _h ! c\rage to ca/ aside tradition :]e x int]f]$ ) practical purposes4 ,! b[sprit 0 disp5s$ )2 ! v]tical /em1 n[ s g5]al1 0 adopt$1 & ev]y?+ subord9at$ to ! use ( ! %ips z /eam]s4 ,b great disa/] 0 9 /ore = ^! f9e %ips4 ,! ,arctic1 on ,septemb] #ba1 #ahed1 :ile on h] voyage out1 0 /ruck by ! ,fr5* /eam] ,ve/a1 9 a fog (f ,cape ,race1 & b #df out ( ! #bfh p]sons on bo>d 7 sav$4 ,! ,pacific left ,liv]pool on ,june #bc1 #ahef1 & 0 nev] he>d ( aft]4 ,! ,adriatic1 a mu* f9] %ip ?an any ( h] pr$ecessors1 0 put afloat2 b ! l9e 0 doom$4 ,extravagance 9 con/ruction & managem5t1 comb9$ ) ! losses ( two ( _! %ips & a refusal ( fur!r aid f ! ,gov]nm5t1 7 too mu* = ! l9e to be>1 & 9 #aheh ! end came4 ,ev] s9ce1 ! ,european companies1 ) ! exception ( ! "t dur+ :i* ! l9e f ,philadelphia has be5 runn+ & ! "t dur+ :i* "s desultory ef=ts h be5 put =?1 h _h to compete among !mselves4 ,! sworn /atem5t ( ! ,coll9s company _h %[n ! fir/ f\r %ips to h co/ #b1idd1adb4ga4 ,! actual av]age co/ ( ea* ( ! fir/ #bh voyages 0 #fe1bae4fd2 & ! av]age receipts1 #dh1bhf4he--%[+ a loss on ea* voyage ( #af1ibh4gi4 ,to discuss ! causes ( our failure to hold our own 9 ! c>ry+ trade ( ! _w may seem some:at out ( place1 b ! subject is s int]e/+ 9 _m ways t a few words may n be amiss4 ,! foll[+ is a comp>ative table %[+ ! /eam tonnage ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 beg9n+ ) ! ye> 9 :i* ocean /eam navigation may be said to h be5 put fairly on its feet4 ,our own is divid$ into 8ov]sea10 or t :i* c trade beyond ,unit$ ,/ates wat]s1 & 8enroll$10 :i* includes all 9 home wat]s3 ------------------------------------- ,ye>s ,unit$ ,/ates ,briti% ,total ,empire -------------------- 7includ+ ,ov]sea,enroll$ ,colonies7 ------------------------------------- #ahchb1gia #aij1fcb #aic1dbc #hb1gaf #ahdjd1aee #aih1ahd #bjb1cci #ie1hjg #ahdbd1gja #bbd1ifj #bbi1fha #aah1icj #ahddf1iji #bfe1bgj #bgb1agi #abe1fge #ahdff1bhg #cda1fjf #cdg1hic #add1ghd #ahdhaf1jfh #daa1hbc #dbg1hia #afh1jhg #ahejdd1idb #dha1jje #ebe1idg #ahg1fca #ahebgi1gjd #efc1ecf #fdc1bdj #bbg1cjf #ahedie1jcf #eha1ega #fgf1fjg #cbf1dhd #aheeaae1jde 444 444 444 #ahefhi1gae #ehc1cfb #fgc1jgg #dag1gag #ahehgh1jbg #fea1cfc #gbi1cij #dhh1dae #ahfjig1bfi #ggj1fda #ejj1add #ejj1add ------------------------------------- ,x w be se5 f ?is table h[ great ! ext5sion ( ! use ( ! /eamboat _h be5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ^! e>li] ye>s1 z comp>$ ) t else:]e4 ,9 #aheb our enroll$ tonnage _h gr[n to m ?an half a million tons1 or well on to ?ree times ! :ole ( t ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 & our ov]sea tonnage 0 ab\t "o-?ird ( t ( ,great ,brita9 & h] dep5d5cies4 ,"o reason = ?is v rapid increase 9 ! enroll$ tonnage 01 ( c\rse1 ! fact t railroads _h n yet begun to seam ! ,we/1 z !y 7 %ortly to d3 ! /eamboat 0 ! great & absolutely necess>y means ( transport1 & 0 to hold its prom95ce 9 ?is reg>d = "s ye>s yet to come4 ,:5 ?is *ange came1 !re came ) x a *ange 9 circum/ances :i* w5t f> beyond all o!r causes 9 remov+ our %ipp+ f ! great place x _h occupi$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ?is c5tury4 ,b great z 0 ! effect work$ by ?is *ange1 !re 7 c]ta9 m9or causes :i* h to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,we _h gr[n 9 m>itime p[] ?r\gh ! ev5ts ( ! ,napoleonic w>s--:i*1 ?\gh !y work$ ru9 to _m an unlucky own]1 enri*$ _m m--z we 7 = "s ye>s almo/ ! only neutral bottoms afloat2 we _h rapidly increas$ ?is p[] dur+ ! succe$+ =ty ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t our %ips 7 notably ! f9e/ models & ! mo/ ably comm&$ on ! seas2 ! be/ blood ( ,new ,engl& w5t into ! s]vice1 & "o has b to read ! reports ( ! ,engli% p>liam5t>y commissions ^u ! %ipp+ subject to realize ! pr\d position :i* our %ips &1 above all1 our %ips' capta9s held 9 ! c>ry+ trade4 ,we _h ent]$ ! /eam competition ) an en]gy & ability t promis$ mu*1 b we gave little or no he$ to *anges 9 con/ruction until long aft] !y _h be5 accept$ by ! re/ ( ! _w2 & x is to ?is cons]vatism1 p>adoxical z ! expression may seem appli$ to our c\ntrym51 t "p ( our mis=tune 0 due4 ,! fir/ ( ! *anges we 7 s unwill+ to accept 0 t f wood to iron2 ! o!r 0 t f paddle to screw4 ,ev5 s late z ! end ( ! decade #ahfj-gj1 :ile all ! _w else 0 build+ %ips ( iron1 propell$ by screws1 "s ( :i* 7 driv5 by comp\nd eng9es1 our la/ rema9+ great company1 ! ,pacific ,mail1 put afloat f\r magnific5t failures 7f ! comm]cial po9t ( view71 diff]+ sc>cely 9 any po9t1 except 9 size1 f ^? ( #ahej-ef4 ,!y 7 ( wood1 & _h ! typically national ov]-head beam eng9e4 ,!y 7 mo/ com=table & luxuri\s boats2 b ! s5d+ !m into ! battle ( comm]ce at su* a date1 0 l pitt+ ! old wood5 ?ree-deck] ) h] sixty-f\r p\nd]s aga9/ ! active /eel cruis] ( to-day & h] mod]n guns4 ,_m ( ! iron screws built at ! same "t are /ill 9 active s]vice2 b ! f9e old ,*9a1 ,am]ica1 ,alaska1 & ,japan are long s9ce gone1 & ) !m mu* ( ! company's success & =tune4 ,( c\rse1 "o great reason = ?is non-acceptance 0 ! fact t1 ) u1 wood = %ip-build+ 0 /ill pl5tiful1 & t x 0 *eap] s to build ?an to build 9 iron1 to :i* mat]ial ,engli% build]s 7 driv5 by an exact rev]sal ( ^! conditions2 & ! ret5tion ( ! paddle ov] ! screw 0 due 9 a c]ta9 degree to ! m frequ5t necessity ( repair ( wood5 screw %ips1 to :i* x is n possible to give ! necess>y /ructural /r5g? at ! /]n to )/& successfully ! j>r+ action ( ! screw at high spe$s4 ,! "p 9 advanc+ ! ,briti% comm]cial fleet play$ by ! abrogation ( ! navigation laws1 9 #ahdi1 :i* _h _! bir? 9 ! "t ( ,cromwell 7& to :i* we h held ) su* t5acity1 z ours 7 modell$ ^u !irs71 ne$ only be b>ely m5tion$4 ,briti% %ip-own]s 7 9 despair at ! *ange1 & _m sold (f _! %ip prop]ty to avoid :at !y expect$ to be ! ru9 ( ! %ipp+ trade1 b ! *ange 0 only to remove ! fett]s :i* !y _h worn s long t !y did n "k !m z su*4 ,b ! great & ov]:elm+ cause1 to :i* ! effect ( our navigation laws 7 ev5 second>y1 0 ! op5+ up ( ! va/ region ly+ we/ ( ! e>li] =m$ ,/ates2 ! build+ ( our gigantic sy/em ( railways2 ! exploitation1 9 a ^w1 ( ! great int]ior doma91 ( ! possibilities ( :i*1 prec$+ #ahej1 we 7 only dimly consci\s1 & s mu* ( :i* _h only j be5 add$ by ! results ( ! ,mexican ,w>4 ,x is s difficult1 f ! pres5t /&po9t1 to realize ! mighty "w :i* has be5 done on ! ,am]ican cont95t 9 ?is %ort space ( =ty ye>s1 t its true be>+s on ?is subject are sometimes disreg>d$4 ,! fact t ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad1 at ?is date1 0 n runn+ its tra9s beyond ,cumb]l&1 ,md41 w give an impression ( ! va/ness ( ! "w :i* 0 done lat]4 ,! p]iod #ahej-fj _c be pass$ ov] )\t a m5tion ( ! ,great ,ea/]n1 ?\gh %e c h>dly be said to h be5 9 ! l9e ( practical developm5t1 :i* 0 n s mu* 9 enl>gem5t ( hull z 9 *ange 9 "* ( ma*9]y4 ,brunel's son1 9 8 8,life0 ( 8 fa!r1 says3 8,x 0 no d\bt 8 connection ) ! ,au/ralian ,mail ,company 7#ahea-ec7 t l$ ,mr4 ,brunel to "w out into practical %ape ! idea ( a great %ip = ! ,indian or ,au/ralian s]vice1 :i* _h long occupi$ 8 m9d40 ,! ,great ,ea/]n 0 to attempt to solve by h] bulk ! problem ( coal capacity :i* 0 lat] to be solv$ by high pressures & surface cond5sation4 ,! %ip f9ally det]m9$ on 0 #fhj feet long1 #hc feet broad1 ) a mean draught ( #be feet1 ) screw eng9es ( #d1jjj indicat$ horse-p[] & paddle-eng9es ( #b1fjj1 to "w ) /eam f #ae to #be p\nds pressure--?us curi\sly unit+ 9 h]self at ?is transition p]iod ! two rival sy/ems ( propulsion4 ,%e 0 begun at ,millwall1 ,london1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahed1 & 0 f9ally laun*$1 aft] _m difficulties1 on ,janu>y #cj1 #aheh4 ,h] hi/ory is too well kn[n to be dwelt ^u "h4 ,%e has exp]i5c$ _m vicissitudes & mis=tunes1 & x is well t h] great projector 7:o paid = h] ) 8 life1 z he di$ ! ye> aft] h] laun*+7 did n live to see h] us$ z an exhibit1 9 #ahhf1 9 ! ,riv] ,m]sey1 h] great sides s]v+ to blazon ! "n & fame ( a ,liv]pool clo?+ e/abli%m5t4 ,%e 0 sold ! next ye> = ! pitiful sum ( #h1jjj & brok5 up4 ,! ye> #ahee m>ks ! high-wat] m>k ( ! paddle-/eam] era4 ,9 t ye> 7 built ! ,adriatic1 by ! ,coll9s l9e1 & ! ,p]sia1 z a competitor 7& ! tw5ty-eigh? %ip ( ! company71 by ! ,cun>d4 ,b ! =m] 0 ( wood1 ! latt] ( iron4 ,%e 0 among ! e>li] %ips ( ?is mat]ial to be built by ! ,cun>d company1 &1 ) ! slightly l>g] ,scotia1 built 9 #ahfb1 01 = "s ye>s aft] ! cessation ( ! ,coll9s l9e1 ! favorite & mo/ successful /eam] ^u ! ,atlantic4 ,%e 0 #cgf feet long1 #de feet #c in*es broad1 & ( ab\t #e1ejj tons displacem5t4 ,h] cyl9d]s 7 #ajj-a_/b in*es diamet]1 ) #abj in*es /roke1 & %e _h--z also ! prec$+ %ip1 ! ,arabia--tubul> boil]s in/ead ( ! old flue4 ,illu/ration3 ,model ( ! ,p]sia & ,scotia4 #ahcj ------------------------------------ #i lbs4 #ahdj ---------------------- #e-a_/b #ahej ---------------- #d #ahfj ------------ #c4a #ahgj ---------- #b4f #ahhj -------- #b4b #ahhf ------ #a4e & s9ce ,diagram %[+ ,decrease 9 ,exp$iture ( ,coal p] indicat$ ,horse-p[] p] h\r bas$ on ,good ,av]age ,practice #ahcj-- #b #c lbs4 -- #ahce-- #e lbs4 -- #ahdj-- #h -- #ahde--aj -- #ahej--ad --- #ahee--ba ---- #ahfj--cj ----- #ahfe--dj ------- #ahgj--ej --------- #ahge--fj ----------- #ahhj--gj ------------- #ahhb--hj --------------- #ahhe-f--aej #ahj lbs4 -------------------------------- & s9ce ,diagram %[+ increase 9 ,/eam-pressures bas$ on good av]age ,practice ,h[ great an advantage %e 0 ^u _! fir/ %ip w be se5 by ! foll[+ comp>ison3 ,britannia4 ,p]sia4 ,coal necess>y to /eam to ,new ,york #egj tons #a1djj tons ,c>go c>ri$ #bbd #gej ,pass5g]s #ij #bej ,indicat$ p[] #gaj #c1fjj ,pressure p] squ>e in* #i lbs4 #cc lbs4 ,coal p] indicat$ horse-p[] p] h\r #e4a #c4h ,spe$ #h4e knots #ac4a knots ,?us1 = two & a half times ! quantity ( coal ne>ly ?ree & a half times ! c>go 0 c>ri$1 & ne>ly ?ree times ! numb] ( pass5g]s4 ,?is result 0 due p>tially to increas$ eng9e effici5cy1 & p>tially to increas$ size ( %ip2 & ?us to a relative r$uction ( ! p[] necess>y to drive a giv5 am\nt ( displacem5t4 ,! ,scotia 0 almo/ a si/] %ip to ! ,p]sia1 slightly exce$+ h] 9 size1 b ) no radical diff]5ces :i* w\ld m>k h] z an advance ^u ! latt]4 ,%e 0 ! la/ ( ! old rgime 9 ! ,atlantic trade1 & ! same ye> 9 :i* %e 0 built saw ! complete acceptance by ! ,cun>d company ( ! new] ord] ( ?+s1 9 ! build+ ( ! iron screw /eam] ,*9a1 ( #d1jjj tons displacem5t1 ) oscillat+ ge>$ screw eng9es ( #b1bjj indicat$ horse-p[]1 ) an av]age spe$ ( #ab4i knots on a daily exp5diture ( #hb tons ( coal4 ,%e 0 ! fir/ ( _! %ips to be fitt$ ) a surface cond5s]4 ,! ,scotia _h be5 built z a paddle /eam] r 9 def]5ce to ! prejudices ( pass5g]s ?an 9 con=mity to ! judgm5t ( ! company1 :i* _h put afloat iron screw %ips = _! ,m$it]ranean trade z e>ly z #aheb & #ahec4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! introduction ( surface cond5sation & ( high] pressures 7 ! two necess>y elem5ts 9 a radical advance 9 m>9e eng9e]+4 ,nei!r ( ^! 0 a new proposal2#c sev]al pat5ts _h be5 tak5 out = ! =m] at a v e>ly date1 bo? 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,engl&2 & 9 #ahch ! ,wilb]=ce1 a boat runn+ betwe5 ,london & ,hull1 0 s fitt$4 ,v high pressures1 f almo/ ! v beg9n+1 _h be5 c>ri$ 9 ! /eam]s on our ,we/]n wat]s2 & 9 #ahaa ,oliv] ,evans publi%$1 9 ,philadelphia1 a pamphlet deal+ ) ! subject1 9 :i* he advocat$ pressures ( at lea/ #ajj to #abj p\nds p] squ>e in*1 & pat5t$ a boil] :i* 0 ! p>5t ( ! long1 cyl9drical type :i* came into su* g5]al use 9 our riv] navigation4 ,! sea-go+ public resolutely resi/$ ! *ange to high pressures = ne>ly =ty ye>s1 !re be+ a v sl[ & gradual advance f #a & #b p\nds to ! #h & #i c>ri$ by ! ,great ,brita9 & ,britannia4 ,9 #ahej ! ,arctic c>ri$ #ah & 9 #ahef #be 0 n uncommon4 ,"s ( ! =emo/ e>ly eng9e]s favor$ ca/-iron boil]s 7see evid5ce be=e p>liam5t>y committee1 #ahag72 & ! boil] 9 g5]al use 9 ,engl& up to #ahej 0 a great rectangul> box1 usually ) ?ree furnaces & flues1 all ! faces ( :i* 7 planes4#d ,illu/ration3 ,longitud9al ,section ( ! ,w>%ip ,duilio4 ,?\gh tubul> boil]s did n displace ! flue boil] 9 ,briti% practice to any great degree be=e #ahej1 _m examples 7 9 use 9 ,am]ica at t date1 b *iefly 9 o!r ?an sea-go+ /eam]s4 ,rob]t ,l4 ,/ev5s1 ( ,hobok51 built z e>ly z #ahcb 8! n[ /&>d =m ( return tubul> boil]s = mod]ate pressures0 7,pr(essor ,r4 ,h4 ,?ur/on74 ,b x work$ its way into sea practice v sl[ly2 & ! multitubul> boil]1 9 any ( its sev]al =ms1 _c be said to h be5 fairly adopt$ 9 ei!r ,am]ican or ,briti% sea-go+ %ips be=e ! date fir/ m5tion$1 ?\gh employ$ 9 ! ,hudson ,riv] & ,long ,isl& ,s\nd /eam]s1 9 "o ( ! =m] ( :i*1 ! ,?omas ,p[ell1 built 9 #ahej1 a /eam pressure ( #ej p\nds 0 us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,britannic4 ,!re _h be5 ?is sl[ & gradual advance 9 ocean /eam pressures1 ) a consequ5t r$uction 9 coal exp5diture1 :5 9 #ahef came a movem5t 9 ! direction ( economy by ! introduction ( ! comp\nd eng9e1 by ,messrs4 ,r&olph ,eld] ,co4 7lat] ,john ,eld] ,co471 :i* 0 soon to develop into a revolution 9 m>9e /eam eng9]y4 ,! ,pacific ,/eam ,navigation ,company has ! cr$it ( fir/ accept+ ?is *ange 9 apply+ x to _! %ips1 ! ,valp>aiso & ,inca4 ,! orig9al pressure us$ 0 #be p\nds to ! in*3 ! cyl9d]s 7 #ej & #ij in*es 9 diamet]1 & ! pi/on spe$ f #bcj to #bej feet p] m9ute4 ,! idea ( us+ /eam expansively by ?is means 0 ( c\rse n new1 z x dates back to ,hornbl[] 7#agha71 b ) ! l[ pressures :i* _h be5 us$ at sea !re 0 no reason = its adoption afloat4 ,difficulties 7 exp]i5c$ by ! ,pacific company ) _! e>li] eng9es1 b ! l9e adh]$ to _! *ange1 & = ne>ly f\rte5 ye>s 7 almo/ alone 9 _! practice4 ,^! *anges made ! use ( a cyl9drical boil] necess>y1 z ! =m be/ able to )/& ! increas$ pressure4 ,! old box-l %ape has disappe>$2 & if ! %ade ( ,oliv] ,evans is ev] able to visit u1 x mu/ be ) an int5se feel+ ( satisfaction to f9d 8 ideas ( eighty ye>s s9ce n[ accept$ by all ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! date #ahgj m>ks ! adv5t ( a new type ( %ip1 9 ^? ( ! ,oceanic ,company1 bett] kn[n z ! ,:ite ,/> l9e1 built ( iron by ,h>l& ,wolff1 ( ,belfa/--eng9$ ) comp\nd eng9es1 & ( extreme l5g? z comp>$ ) _! bread?4 ,!y e/abli%$ a new =m1 /yle1 & int]ior arrangem5t1 :i* has l>gely be5 foll[$ by o!r l9es1 ?\gh ! extreme disproportion ( l5g? & beam is n[ disappe>+4 ,! ,britannic & ,g]manic1 ! two l>ge/ ( ! e>li] ( ?is l9e1 are #dfh feet 9 l5g? & #de feet #c in*es 9 beam1 c>ry+ #bbj cab9 pass5g]s & #a1ajj 9 ! /e]age1 besides #aej crew4 ,!y develop #e1jjj indicat$ horse-p[]1 & make _! passage1 ) rem>kable regul>ity1 9 ab\t #h days #aj h\rs to ,que5/[n4 ,! e>li] %ips ( ?is l9e1 :5 fir/ built1 _h a means ( dropp+ _! propell]-%aft s z to imm]se m deeply ! screw2 s _m inconv5i5ces1 h[ev]1 7 associat$ ) ?is t x 0 giv5 up4 ,_! g5]al arrangem5t 0 a mo/ m>k$ advance ^u t ( _! pr$ecessors--an excell5t move 0 plac+ ! saloon =w>d in/ead ( 9 ! /]n1 a *ange almo/ univ]sally foll[$4 ,9 ! same ye> ) ! ,britannic came out ! ,city ( ,b]l91 ( ! ,inman l9e1 = "s ye>s ! l>ge/ /eam] afloat 7aft] ! ,great ,ea/]n71 be+ #ebj feet 9 l5g? by #dd feet beam1 ( #e1jjj indicat$ p[]1 & 9 e way a magnific5t %ip4 ,! ,bo?nia & ,scy?ia 7 also built 9 #ahgd1 by ! ,cun>d company1 z repres5tatives ( ! new type1 b 7 small] ?an ! %ips ( ! same p]iod built by ! ,inman & ,:ite ,/> l9es4 ,!y 7 ( #f1jhj tons displacem5t & #b1ghj indicat$ horse-p[]1 ) a spe$ ( #ac knots4 ,! pressure c>ri$ 0 #fj p\nds4 ,^! %ips _h by f> ! l>ge/ c>go-c>ry+ capacity 7#c1jjj tons measurem5t7 & pass5g] accommodation 7#cdj fir/-cab97 ( any yet built by ! company4 ,) ! addition ( ?is great numb] ( /eam]s1 *ange 0 n to be expect$ = "s ye>s2 & x 0 n until #ahgi1 :5 ! ,guion company put afloat ! ,arizona1 t a beg9n+ 0 made ( ! trem5d\s rivalry :i* has result$ 9 putt+ ^u ! seas1 n only ! wond]ful %ips :i* are n[ runn+ ^u ! ,atlantic1 b 9 ext5d+ greatly ! size & spe$ ( ^? employ$ 9 o!r s]vice4 ,sev]al ?+s _h comb9$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ?is decade to br+ ab\t ?is advance4 ,! great *ange betwe5 #ahfj & #ahgb1 f ! causes already not$1 :i* _h r$uc$ coal consumption by "o-half1 0 foll[$ by ! introduction ( corrugat$ flues & /eel z a mat]ial = bo? boil]s & hull4 ,) ?is came /ill high] pressures1 :i* 7 c>ri$ f #fj to #hj & #ij p\nds4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahha1 a v int]e/+ pap] 0 read by ,mr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,m>%all1 ( ,newca/le1 be=e ! ,in/itution ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s1 9 :i* he %[$ t a sav+ ( #ac4cg p] c5t4 9 fuel _h be5 arriv$ at s9ce #ahgb4 ,! g5]al type ( eng9e & boil] _h rema9$ ! same 9 ^! n9e ye>s1 b ! increas$ sav+ _h be5 due *iefly to increas$ pressures4 ,x is curi\s t at ! read+ ( bo? ! pap] by ,sir ,fr$]ick ,bramwell1 9 #ahgb1 & t ( ,mr4 ,m>%all1 9 #ahha1 !re %\ld h be5 pretty g5]ally express$ a feel+ t some?+ l a f9ality _h be5 rea*$4 ,s little 0 ?is op9ion true t1 ?\gh ov] ?irte5 p] c5t4 sav+ _h be5 effect$ betwe5 ^! two dates1 a p]c5tage ( ga9 m ?an d\ble ?is 0 to be record$ betwe5 ! latt] date & #ahhf4 ,9 ^! matt]s x is dang]\s to prophesy2 x is saf] to believe all ?+s possible4 ,c]ta9ly ! wilde/ dream] ( #ahgb did n look =w>d to cross+ ! ,atlantic at #bj knots z a n unusual spe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,etruria ,9 #ahgd triple-expansion eng9es _h be5 design$ = ! ,propontis by ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,kirk1 ( ,napi] ,sons1 ( ,glasg[1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( failure 9 ! boil]s :i* 7 us$1 did n give at fir/ ! results hop$ =4 ,9 #ahha ! ,messrs4 ,napi] fitt$ ! ,ab]de5 ) eng9es ( ! same k9d1 /eam at #abe p\nds pressure p] squ>e in* be+ us$4 ,9 ! next two ye>s ! *ange proce$$ sl[ly1 b by #ahhe ! eng9e]+ m9d _h s l>gely accept$ x t a v l>ge proportion ( ! eng9es built 9 t ye> 7 on ?is pr9ciple1 & at ! pres5t x may be reg>d$ z be+ fully accept$ z 0 ! comp\nd eng9e t5 ye>s s9ce4 ,! sav+ 9 fuel is g5]ally reckon$ at f tw5ty to tw5ty-five p] c5t41 or1 to put x m graphically1 9 ! words ( ,mr4 ,p>k]1 ,*ief ,eng9e] ,surveyor ( ,lloyds1 9 8 int]e/+ pap]1 read 9 ,july1 #ahhf1 be=e ! ,in/itution ( ,naval ,ar*itects3 8,two l>ge pass5g] /eam]s1 ( ov] #d1ejj gross tonnage1 hav+ eng9es ( ab\t #f1jjj indicat$ horse-p[]1 built ( ! same dim5sions1 f ! same l9es1 ) simil> propell]s1 are exactly alike 9 e respect1 except s f> z _! ma*9]y is conc]n$4 ,"o vessel is fitt$ ) triple-expansion eng9es1 work+ at a pressure ( #ade p\nds p] squ>e in*2 :ile ! o!r vessel is fitt$ ) ord9>y comp\nd eng9es1 work+ at a pressure ( #ij p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,bo? vessels are engag$ 9 ! same trade & /eam at ! same rate ( spe$1 viz41 #ab knots an h\r4 ,! latt] vessel 9 a r\nd voyage ( #hd days burns #a1bjj tons m coal ?an ! =m]40 ,9 ! epo* #ahgi to #ahhg ! foll[+ great %ips _h be5 plac$ ^u ! ,liv]pool & ,new ,york l9es1 _! be/ spe$s to t date be+ z %[n3 ,days4 ,h\rs4 ,m9utes4 #a4 ,etruria #f #e #ca #b4 ,umbria 7si/] %ip7 slightly long] #c4 ,oregon #f #aj #ce #d4 ,am]ica #f #ac #dd #e4 ,city ( ,rome #f #ah #j #f4 ,alaska #f #ah #cg #g4 ,s]via #f #bc #ee #h4 ,aurania #g #a #a ,! "t _h ?us be5 %ort5$ mu* m ?an half s9ce #ahdj1 & _h be5 less5$ =ty p] c5t4 s9ce #ahfj4 ,9 addition to ! %ips m5tion$1 !re _h be5 plac$ ^u ! l9e f ,brem5 to ,new ,york 7betwe5 #ahgi & #ahhf7 t\*+ at ,s\?ampton1 ,engl&1 eight new %ips ( ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd1 :i* =m #bh altoge!r1 ! mo/ compact & uni=m fleet ^u ! ,atlantic4 ,! ,trave1 ,saale1 & ,all]1 7 !n m>vels ( spl5dor & com=t1 rank+ 9 spe$ & p[] v little %ort ( ! fa/e/ ( ! ,liv]pool %ips4 ,!y1 z 7 ! o!rs ( ! company's eight 8express0 /eam]s1 7 built by ! great firm ( ,john ,eld] ,co41 ( ,glasg[1 _! ma*9]y be+ design$ by ,mr4 ,bryce-,d\glas1 to ^: g5ius 0 also due t ( ! ,etruria & ,umbria1 ! ,oregon1 ,arizona1 & ,alaska4 ,! eng9es ( ! ,trave1 ,saale1 & ,all]1 h[ev]1 7 triple-expansion1 z 7 ! ,gascogne1 ,b\rgogne1 & ,*ampagne 7_! equals 9 spe$ & equipm5t71 ( ! ,fr5* ,compagnie ,transatlantique1 :i* 7 built 9 ,france4 ,all ^! /eam]s are ( /eel1 ) cellul> bottoms c>efully subdivid$1 & fitt$ ) a luxury & com=t q unkn[n ?irty ye>s ago4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross-section ( ! ,oregon4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross-section ( ! ,s]via4 ,illu/ration3 ,triple-expansion ,eng9e ( ! ,all]1 ,trave1 & ,saale4 ,x 0 difficult1 if n almo/ impossible1 to g beyond !m )\t a *ange to tw9 screws4 ,if m ?an ! ,umbria's p[] 0 to be develop$ x 0 saf] to use x ?r\gh two %afts1 & ! dep? ( wat] on ! ,new ,york b> is a h9drance to ! use ( a mu* great] diamet] ( screw4 ,mr4 ,griscom1 ( ,philadelphia1 0 ! bold manag] to take ! fir/ /ep by lay+ d[n ! ,inman ,company's %ips 9 #ahhg1 ! fir/ ( :i*1 ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 0 ready = trial 9 ?irte5 mon?s aft] ! sign+ ( ! contract ) ,messrs4 ,james ,george ,?ompson1 ( ,clydebank3 a wond]ful p]=mance4 ,! ,teutonic & ,maje/ic quickly aft] took %ape 9 ! y>d ( ,messrs4 ,h>l& ,wolff1 ( ,belfa/1 ! place ( bir? ( all ( ! ,:ite ,/> fleet4 ,^! two l9es 7 ?us ! fir/ to accept ! *ang$ conditions1 & ! ,city ( ,new ,york & ,city ( ,p>is ( ! =m]1 & ! ,teutonic & ,maje/ic ( ! latt]1 /ill m>k ! high-wat] m>k ( a*ievem5t1 bo? z reg>ds p]=mance z a ma*9e & ! com=t & luxury ( ! pass5g]4 ,! 8,cities10 z !y are famili>ly t]m$1 are #efj feet 9 l5g?1 by #fc feet broad1 displace #ac1jjj tons1 & indicate ov] #ah1jjj horse-p[]4 ,! two ,:ite ,/>s are #ehb feet long1 by #eg feet #f in*es broad1 ( #ab1jjj tons displacem5t1 & ( ne>ly equal horse-p[] ) _! two great competitors4 ,9 less ?an tw5ty ye>s ^! l9es _h ?us ne>ly d\bl$ ! size ( _! %ips1 & m ?an tripl$ _! p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,longitud9al ,section ( ! ,*ampagne4 ,x may be ( int]e/ to ! ,am]ican public to "k t ! ,city ( ,new ,york & ,city ( ,p>is are b two ( ! l>ge/ fleet "u "o managem5t on ! ,nor? ,atlantic4 ,?\gh "u "o control x is "u ?ree flags--,engli%1 ,belgian1 & ,am]ican--our own1 ?anks to ! wisdom ( ,congress1 cov]+ b a small cont+5t1 ?\gh our law-mak]s = sev]al ye>s h be5 besieg$ to all[ !m to become ,am]ican 9 nationality z well z own]%ip4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly seem t !y 7 q z wor?y ( x z "s ( our importations ( ano!r k9d1 b we %all probably h to wait = a little m bread? ( ?\ght & idea "u ! dome at ,wa%+ton be=e ?is *ange c be br\ght ab\t4 ,! build+ ( ^! f\r %ips seems to h giv5 an impetus to ! :ole ( ! /eam%ip _w3 ! ,hamburg-,am]ican l9es />t$ into new life ) ! ,columbia1 ,normannia1 ,augu/a ,victoria1 & ,fu]/ ,bism>ck1 tw9 screws ( #i1ejj & #aj1ejj displacem5t1 :i* h av]ag$ 9 _! be/ runs f ,new ,york to ,s\?ampton #ai4ja1 #ah4ia1 #ah4ca1 & #ai4gh knots 9 ! ord] nam$1 ! di/ance be+ ab\t #c1jge knots4 ,! ,fr5* ,company has add$ ! tw9-screw ,t\ra9e ( #aa1fge tons & #ah-a_/b knots su/a9$ spe$ to _! already spl5did fleet1 & ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyds h s9ce #ahhg built ! ,lahn1 ,spree1 & ,havel1 all s+le screws2 & ! two la/ ( #g1jjj tons ) #ac1jjj horse-p[] & a spe$ ( #ah-a_/b knots4 ,^! latt] %ips w\ld probably h be5 tw9 screws _h ! docks ( ,brem]hav5 af=d$ suffici5t wid? ( entrance2 b :e!r ?is be ! case or n1 ! probability is t 9 ! future x w be ! dock :i* w yield & n ! %ip4 ,!re is no ne$ to make comp>ison ( ^! %ips 9 equipm5t4 ,luxury has be5 c>ri$ z f> z ! pres5t human inv5tion & imag9ation c take x4 ,suites = families are arrang$ ) private sitt+-rooms & private tables1 s t1 b>r+ ! roll s uneasy to ! unhappy l&sman1 "o c\ld sc>ce "k ! *ange f ! mo/ luxuri\s ap>tm5t ( ! ,brevoort4 ,su* are ! %ips ( to-day1 b displacem5t f _! em95ce is already 9 discussion4 ,! build]s ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york are gu>antee+ a vessel to cross ! ,atlantic 9 #e days1 or at a spe$ ( #bc-a_/b knots1 ! probable elem5ts ( ?is project$ vessel be+ giv5 by ,eng9e]+ z a l5g? ( #fcj feet & a beam ( #gj1 ) #cc1jjj indicat$ horse-p[]4 ,x is a long /ep1 b "o c h>dly d\bt x w soon be tak54 ,b t ?is /ep w be greatly aid$ by any mat]ial *ange 9 ! m>9e /eam eng9e 9 ! v ne> future is n probable1 ! difficulty is n[ n ) ! eng9e b ) ! boil]2 =c$ draught & ! high] pressures call imp]atively = a new developm5t 9 ! /eam produc]2 leaky tubes & jo9ts & a rapid det]ioration ?r\gh ! ef=t to keep up ! high pressures necess>y = ! successful p]=mance ( ! new type ( eng9e are ! %ortcom+s :i* mu/ be successfully combat$ be=e we c make ano!r great advance4 ,un=tunately !re is ano!r draw-back1 = :i* ! rem$y w be ev5 m difficult1 ! suff]+ ( ! firem5 induc$ by ! great] heat ( ! high] pressures4 ,let u hope t g5ius w yet inv5t a me*anical /ok] & t we may n ( necessity subject our fell[-be+s to ! #adj too frequ5tly f\nd 9 our mod]n fire-rooms4 ,we may fitly place "h a tabulation ( ! v wond]ful a*ievem5ts ( ! %ips fir/ m5tion$1 bas$ on (ficial data 9 ,eng9e]+ ( ,june #ai & ,july #aj1 #ahia1 & cov]+1 9 ! case ( ! ,liv]pool %ips1 ! season ( #ahij1 except = ! ,city ( ,p>is1 :i* is = #ahhi4 7,see table on p4 #de47 ,! coal consumption is also (ficially /at$ by ! j\rnal f :i* ! above is compil$ z foll[s3 ,! ,city ( ,new ,york1 #cbh tons3 ,teutonic1 #caf tons3 ,etruria1 #ccj tons4 ,?is %[s an actual exp5diture ( ab\t #a4f lb4 p] h\r 9 ! case ( ! ,teutonic3 slightly great] = ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 & ov] #a4i = ! ,etruria4 ,b 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 #ahia1 bo? ! ,teutonic & ,maje/ic won /ill great] laurels1 ! latt] cross+ f ,que5/[n to ,new ,york 9 #e days #ah h\rs & #h m9utes2 ! =m] 9 #e days #af h\rs & #ca m9utes1 & av]ag+ = ! run ( #b1ggh miles #bj4ce knots p] h\r1 ! be/ day's run be+ #eag knots4 ,fa/e/ ,passages ( ! m ,important ,/eam]s betwe5 ,new ,york & ,engli% ,ports dur+ ! ,season ( #ahij4e ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,"n ,dim5sions3 ,displace-,pi/on,boil] ,l5g?1 ,bread?1 m5t ,/roke,heat+ ,dep? ,surface ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,new ,york & ,tons4 ,feet4 ,sq4 ,ft4 ,que5/[n ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,city ( ,p>is #efj #fc #dc #ac1jjj #e #ej1bfe ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,city ( ,new ,york #efj #fc #dc #ac1jjj #e #ej1jdj ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,maje/ic #ehbeg-a_/bei-a_/h #ab1jjj #e #dj1igb ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,teutonic #ehbeg-a_/bei-a_/h #ab1jjj #e #dj1igb ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,etruria #eja-a_/beg4bch4b #aj1ejj #f #ch1hag ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,umbria #eja-a_/beg4bch4b #aj1ejj #f #ch1hag ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,city ( ,rome #edf #eb #eh-c_/d #aa1bcj #f #bi1bhf ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,new ,york & ,s\?ampton ,in*es ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,columbia #dhj #ef #ch #i1ejj #ff #cd1iaf ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,normannia #ebj #eg-a_/d #ch #aj1ejj #ff #df1dij ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,augu/a ,victoria #dhj #ef #cf #i1ejj #fc #cf1jjj ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,lahn #ddh #di #cf-a_/b #g1gjj #gb 444 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,"n ,grate ,area ,/eam ,i4,h4,p4,fa/e/ ,direction ,pressure ,trip ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,new ,york & ,squ>e ,feet4,lbs4 ,d4 ,h4 ,m4 ,que5/[n ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,city ( ,p>is 0 #a1bic #aej #ah1ceje #ai #ah ,we/w>d n[ #a1jbf ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,city ( ,new ,york 0 #a1jhj #aej #ah1ajje #ba #ai ,we/w>d n[ #a1jif ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,maje/ic #a1aed #ahj #ah1jjje #ba #bj ,we/w>d ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,teutonic #a1aed #ahj #ah1jjje #ai #e ,we/w>d ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,etruria #a1fjf #aaj #ad1cjjf #f #eg ,we/w>d ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,umbria #a1fjf #aaj #ad1cjjf #c #bi ,we/w>d ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,city ( ,rome #a1cih #ij #aa1hijf #bb #cj ,ea/w>d ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,new ,york & ,s\?ampton ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,columbia #a1bbf #aej #ac1fhjf #ae #j ,ea/w>d ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,normannia #a1deb #afj #af1cebf #ag #b ,we/w>d ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,augu/a ,victoria #a1abj #aej #ad1aajf #bb #cb ,ea/w>d ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,lahn 444 #aej #i1ejjg #c #j ,ea/w>d ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,"n ,mon? ,di/ance,av]age,av]age,fa/e/ ,spe$ = ,day's ,eight ,run ,mon?s dur+ ,season ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,new ,york & ,knots ,knots ,knots ,knots ,que5/[n ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,city ( ,p>is ,augu/ #b1ghh #bj4ja #ai4jb #eae ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,city ( ,new ,york ,octob] #b1gge #ai4fd #ai4jb #ejb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,maje/ic ,septemb] #b1ghj #ai4fd #ai4jj 444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,teutonic ,augu/ #b1hjf #bj4ah #ah4hd #eab ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,etruria ,july #b1hde #ah4hj #ah4bi #dha ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,umbria ,augu/ #b1hce #ai4bj #ah4ae #dih ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,city ( ,rome ,aug4-,sep4 #b1ghg #af4gc #af4ah #dbd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,new ,york & ,s\?ampton ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,columbia ,octob] #c1jde #ai4ae #ah4fh #dib ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,normannia ,augu/ #c1jde #ah4ia #ah4da #dhf ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,augu/a ,victoria ,septemb] #c1jdi #ah4ca #ag4eb #dgj ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,lahn ,octob] 444 444 #ag4bi 444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,note4--,! nautical mile is "o-sixtie? ( a degree ( ! ,equator1 & is usually reckon$ #f1jhj feet1 ! /atute mile be+ #e1bhj2 tw5ty nautical miles are ?us ab\t tw5ty-?ree /atute miles4 ,! %orte/ di/ance is ! arc ( ! great circle ( ! ,e>? pass+ ?r\gh ! two ports2 any deviation f ?is by v>y+ ! c\rse on acc\nt ( int]v5+ l& or ice increases ! di/ance to be run4 ,! cr[n is ?us = ! mom5t ) ! ,:ite ,/>1 nor is x likely to be torn away by any?+ %ort ( ! trem5d\s ef=t involv$ 9 putt+ afloat a new1 a bigg]1 & a m co/ly %ip4 ,own]s mu/1 ( c\rse1 c\nt ! co/ ( su* rivalry & mu/ put aga9/ ! ga9 ( say sixte5 h\rs1 9 ord] to come to ! desir$ five days & tw5ty-?ree knots1 ! co/ ( ! ?\s& or twelve hundr$ tons m ( coal :i* w h to be burn$1 ! d\bl$ numb] ( eng9e & fire-room =ce1 ! l>g] crew1 ! int]e/ on ! great] inve/m5t4 ,x is a l>ge price to pay = a ga9 ( s small a bit ( t we g5]ally hold s *eap--b x w be paid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x has be5 impossible1 ( c\rse1 9 a s+le *apt] to d m ?an t\* ^u ! va/ *anges1 & _! causes1 :i* h _h place 9 ?is great factor ( human progress4 ,high] pressures & great] expansions3 cond5sation ( ! exhau/ /eam1 & its return to ! boil] )\t ! new admixture ( sea-wat]1 & ! consequ5t necessity ( frequ5t bl[+ (f1 :i* comp>atively b a few ye>s ago 0 s common2 a bett] =m ( screw2 ! ext5sive use ( /eel 9 ma*9]y1 by :i* p>ts h be5 light5$1 & by ! use ( :i* high] boil]-pressures are made possible--^! are ! ma9 /eps4 ,b 9 addition to /eel1 high pressures1 & ! sev]al o!r elem5ts nam$ :i* h gone to make up ?is progress1 !re 0 ano!r cause 9 ! "w *iefly done by ! late ,w4 ,fr\de1 to be specially notic$ z be+ t :i* has done m ?an ! "w ( any o!r man to det]m9e ! mo/ suitable =ms = %ips1 & to e/abli% ! pr9ciples gov]n+ resi/ance4 ,! %ip-design] has1 by ?is "w1 be5 put ^u comp>atively firm gr\nd1 in/ead ( hav+ a m5tal foot+ z un/able1 almo/1 z ! elem5t 9 :i* 8 %ips are de/9$ to float4 ,x is n possible to g bel[ ! surface ( su* a subject 9 a popul> pap]1 & x mu/ suffice to speak ( ,mr4 ,fr\de's d$uctions1 9 :i* he divid$ ! resi/ances met by %ips into two pr9cipal p>ts3 ! surface or sk9 friction1 & ! wave-mak+ resi/ance 7:i* latt] has no exi/5ce 9 ! case ( a totally subm]g$ body--only beg9s to exi/ :5 ! body is ne> ! surface1 & has its full effect :5 ! body is only p>tially subm]g$74 ,he %[$ t ! surface friction con/itutes almo/ ! :ole resi/ance at mod]ate spe$s1 & a v great p]c5tage at all spe$s2 t ! imm]s$ mid%ip section area :i* =m]ly weigh$ s mu* 9 ! m9ds ( naval ar*itects 0 ( mu* less importance ?an 0 suppos$1 & t %ips mu/ h a l5g? correspond+ 9 a degree to ! l5g? ( wave produc$ by ! spe$ at :i* !y are to be driv54 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,*ilian ,cruis] ,esm]alda4 ,he %[$ t at high spe$s waves ( two diff]5t *>act]s are produc$3 ! "o class l>ge/ at ! b[1 :i* sep>ate f ! %ip1 decreas+ 9 successive undulations )\t aft]w>d affect+ h] progress2 ! o!r1 ^? 9 :i* ! wave-cre/s are at "r angles to ! %ip's c\rse1 & ! positions ( ^! cre/s h a v tell+ effect ^u ! resi/ance4 ,z ! %ip's spe$ is increas$ ! spaces betwe5 ! cre/s ( ^! l5g!n 9 unison ) ! spe$1 & x has be5 %[n t :5 ! spe$ is su* t a wave-cre/ w\ld be at ! middle po9t ( ! aft] body 7or qu>t]7 ! wave-mak+ resi/ance is lea/1 & t x is greate/ :5 ! holl[ appe>s at ?is po9t4 ,a %ip mu/ !re=e be ( a l5g? t dep5ds l>gely ^u ! l5g? ( wave :i* at a high spe$ %e w t5d to produce 9 ord] t %e may be driv5 at su* a spe$ )\t an exp5diture ( p[] disproportionate to ! effect produc$4 ,?is l5g?1 if v high spe$s are desir$1 is be/ :olly tak5 up 9 f9+ ! entrance & run1 leav+ no p>allelism ( middle body1 & broad5+ & deep5+ ! %ip to keep ! necess>y displacem5t4 ,! wave-action at sev]al spe$s is well %[n 9 ! illu/rations1 :i* are f in/antane\s photographs1 %[+ ! ,*ilian cruis] ,esm]alda at h] full spe$ ( #ah knots1 :5 on h] trial (f ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 ! ,giovanni ,bausan1 ( ! ,italian navy 7almo/ a si/] %ip to ! ,esm]alda71 at a mod]ate spe$1 & ,h4,m4,s4 ,imprieuse1 at ab\t #ag-a_/d knots4 ,see illu/ration1 p4 #fd4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal details ( ! ,esm]alda & ,imprieuse3 ,displacem5t4 ,l5g?4 ,beam4 ,draught4 ,horse-p[]4 ,esm]alda #c1jjj #bgj #db #ah4c #f1ejj ,imprieuse #g1cij #cae #fb #bf4j #aj1ahj ,! eddy-mak+ resi/ance is great] or less1 ( c\rse1 z ! =m is blunt$ or f9]1 & !re is less resi/ance ) a blunt b[ & f9ely =m$ aft]-body ?an 7 ! two rev]s$4 ,our practical t[+ fri5ds w be glad to "k t ,mr4 ,fr\de sub/antiates _! (t-reit]at$ ass]tion t a log t[s m easily butt-end =emo/4 ,9 ! ,m]k>a1 a m]*ant %ip built by ,mr4 ,d5ny1 ( #c1ihj tons1 #cfj feet l5g?1 #cg4b feet bread?1 & #af4be feet draught1 ?is resi/ance is1 at all spe$s1 ab\t eight p] c5t4 ( ! surface friction1 :i* at ! maximum spe$ ( ?irte5 knots1 at :i* %e 0 int5d$ to be run1 /ill =m$ ne>ly eighty p] c5t4 ( ! :ole resi/ance4 ,a v wond]ful result ( ^! exp]im5ts has be5 to %[ 79 ! words ( ,mr4 ,fr\de7 8:at an exce$+ly small =ce1 aft] all1 is ! resi/ance ( a %ip comp>$ ) ! app>5t magnitude ( ! ph5om5a involv$4 ,sc>cely anyone1 ,i imag9e1 see+ ! new frigate ,%ah 7( #f1bej tons displacem5t7 /eam+ at full spe$ 7f sixte5 to sev5te5 knots7 w\ld be incl9$1 at fir/ sight1 to cr$it :at is nev]!less a fact1 t ! :ole propulsive =ce necess>y to produce t app>5tly trem5d\s effect is only #bg tons--9 fact1 less ?an "o two-hundr$? "p ( ! weight ( ! vessel--& ( ?is small propulsive =ce at lea/ #ae tons1 or m ?an "o-half1 is employ$ 9 ov]com+ surface friction simply40 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,giovanni ,bausan1 ( ! ,italian ,navy4 7,f an in/antane\s photograph47 ,( c\rse1 v small vessels1 z torp$o-boats1 h be5 driv5 at v high spe$s1 b ! p[] necess>y is 9 enorm\s disproportion z comp>$ ) ! above1 a developm5t 9 #ace-;foot torp$o boats ( f #a1jjj to #a1ejj horse-p[] & m be+ n uncommon4 ,! acceptance ( ! results ( ,mr4 ,fr\de's d$uctions has naturally l$ to an increase 9 ! beam ( fa/ ocean /eam]s2 we f9d all ! lat]-built to be mu* broad5$1 & !re is a /ill increas+ t5d5cy 9 t direction4 ,x is ne$less to say h[ mu* ?is means 9 _m ways to ! pass5g]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,belt$ ,cruis] ,orl&o1 ) ,tw9 ,screws4 ,collision w & mu/ rema9 ! great & really almo/ ! "o dang] :i* ! ,nor? ,atlantic travell] ne$ fe>4 ,he c r>ely hope to cross 9 ! usual /eam r\te )\t exp]i5c+ a run ( "s hundr$s ( miles ?r\gh fog1 especially on leav+ or approa*+ our coa/4 ,s long z ! ,gulf ,/ream & ! cold inly+ curr5t f ! nor? move 9 juxtaposition z !y d1 s long w ! fog be almo/ always pres5t ^u ! bord]-l& divid+ !m4 ,h[ easy x is = a great %ip to be sunk 0 %[n 9 ! case ( ! ,oregon4 ,a bl[ f a pygmy s*oon] n m ?an "o-t5? h] size1 & a hole 0 op5$ ?r\gh h] side :i* un=tunate circum/ances comb9$ to make fatal1 & ! great vessel1 a triumph ( human skill 9 hull & ma*9]y1 is ly+ 9 a few h\rs ^u ! bottom ( ! sea1 ) a million days ( skill$ labor1 z repres5t$ by %ip & c>go1 9 ?is mom5t made valueless4 ,:o c ov] e/imate ! c>e & responsibility ^u ! man :o comm&s su* a %ip8 ,9 :at o!r call+ are !y f\nd z su* a con/ant "p ( daily life8 ,! only rem$y = su* an accid5t z t :i* befell ! unluckly ,oregon seems to be a subdivision su* z is c>ri$ out 9 all ! great] %ips ( late ye>s2 & t ?is has be5 c>ri$ to a degree :i* has made ! f9] pass5g] %ips practically uns9kable1 unless "u mo/ exceptional circum/ances1 w\ld seem q sure4#f 99 99 99 99 99 ,h[ wond]ful has be5 ! scale ^u :i* ?is great indu/ry ( c>riage by /eam vessels has gr[n c only be %[n by tables ( /ati/ics4 ,! /eam tonnage 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,great ,brita91 ,france1 & ,g]many1 beg9n+ ) #ahdj1 0 z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,unit$ ,/ates4 ----------------------------- ,ye>s4,regi/]$ ,enroll$ = & ,total4 ,unit$ ,france4 ,g]man ov]sea4 lic5s$4 ,k+dom4 ,empire4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,gross ,gross ,gross tons4 tons4 tons4 ,net tons4,net tons4 ,net tons4 #ahdj #d1aee #aih1ahd #bjb1cci #hg1eci #i1ece 444 #ahej #dd1idb #dha1jje #ebe1idg #afg1fih #ac1ibe 444 #ahfj #ig1bif #ggj1fda #hfg1icg #deb1ceb #fh1jbe 444 #ahgj #aib1edd #hhb1eea #a1jge1jiea1aaa1cge #aed1dae #ha1iid #ahge #aia1fhi #igf1igi #a1afh1ffha1idc1aig #bje1dbj #ahc1efi #ahhj #adf1fjd #a1jfd1ifd #a1baa1eehb1gbj1eea #bgg1gei #bae1geh 7#ahhd7 7#ahhd7 #ahhe #ahf1djf #a1cjh1eaa #a1did1iagc1ifi1gbh #eaa1jgb #dac1idc #aig1fcj #a1ffa1deh #a1hei1jhhe1aab1fhc #ejc1gia #gbb1eba #ahij ,gross ,gross ,gross tons4 tons4 tons4 #h1afg1gfb #hdh1ebb #a1jed1hii ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,?is /atem5t1 %[+ our /eam tonnage regi/]$ = =eign trade to be #f1jjj tons less 9 #ahhe ?an 9 #ahgj1 is n an enc\rag+ "o1 especially :5 tak5 9 connection ) ! fact t our tonnage 9 =eign trade has /eadily less5$1 & ! p]c5tage ( our imports c>ri$ 9 ,am]ican vessels has dw9dl$ f #ge4b p] c5t4 9 #ahef to #ff4e 9 #ahfj2 to #ce4f p] c5t4 9 #ahgj2 & to #ab4bi p] c5t4 9 #ahij4 ,ev5 dur+ ! civil w> x nev] fell bel[ #bg4e p] c5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! am\nt ( /eam tonnage built 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ,great ,brita9 at int]vals ( five ye>s f #ahee is z foll[s3 ---------------------------------- ,unit$ ,/ates4 --------------------------- ,ye>s4,numb]4 ,tonnage4 ,av]age tonnage4 --------------------------------- ,gross tons4 #ahee #bdf #gb1gfj #bif #ahfj #bge #fi1cgj #bei #ahfe #daa #ade1fif #cef #ahgj #bij #gj1fba #bdd #ahge #cbc #fb1dfj #aic #ahhj #cdh #gh1hec #bbi #ahhe #cch #hd1ccc #bdi #ahij #daj #aei1jde --------------------------------- ,unit$ ,k+dom4 --------------------------- ,ye>s4,numb]4 ,tonnage4 ,av]age tonnage4 --------------------------------- ,net tons4 #ahee #bgh #ajf1hgb #che #ahfj #bcd #fg1fii #bhi #ahfe #dec #baa1ffe #dfg #ahgj #eab #bfg1hif #ebc #ahge #dbh #bbf1gja #ecj #ahhj #fbi #dad1hca #ffj #ahhe #dhg #bba1iah #def ,gross tons4 #ahij #fcb #a1jgf1bbjg #a1gjj --------------------------------- ,! />tl+ /eam tonnage ( #ahhc 7ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( a million tons7 built 9 ,great ,brita91 ( :i* #acd1ghe 7 built at ,glasg[1 #abe1hgj at ! ,tyne ports1 & #aag1ggfh at ,sund]l&1 0 foll[$ by a great depression4 ,9 #ahhd b a little ov] half t ( ! prec$+ ye> 0 built 7#dae1jie tons72 & 9 #ahhe ?is 0 aga9 almo/ halv$1 ! output fall+ to only #bba1iah tons1 & ! av]age size also fall+ (f f #gbd tons 9 #ahhc to #def 9 #ahhe4 ,b 9 ! la/ five ye>s ,great ,brita9 has mov$ =w>d ) a con/antly accel]at$ pace1 culm9at+ 9 ! va/ figures ( #ahij1 :5 %e put afloat ov] #hj p] c5t4 ( ! _w's production = ! ye>4 ,ne>ly or1 practically1 q all ( ! va/ fleet repres5t$ by ^! figures are ( iron or /eel2 ! tonnage ( ! wood5 /eam]s g5]ally fall+ 9 lat] ye>s 9 ,great ,brita9 to a total ( #a1jjj tons or less1 & ?is made up ( vessels av]ag+ n m ?an #cj tons ea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,city ( ,rome4 ,/eel may be said to h almo/ supplant$ iron z a mat]ial2 9 #ahhj b #aj p] c5t4 ( ,briti% /eam vessels 7 built ( ?is1 z aga9/ #ij p] c5t4 ( iron2 9 #ahij b #d p] c5t4 7 ( ! latt] metal4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a t5d5cy on ! "p ( "s own]s to return to iron z less liable to ! pitt+ caus$ by ! galvanic action aris+ f want ( homog5eity 9 ! /eel2 a vessel's bottom1 unless well gu>d$ by protective compositions1 be+ frequ5tly sev]ely corrod$1 g5]ally 9 small pits ! size ( a pea1 b (t5 ext5d+ to l>ge pat*es4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ?is imm5se ye>ly addition ( /eam%ips repres5t$ 9 ! =ego+ tables w\ld soon g beyond ! _w's ne$s1 b ! almo/ incr$ible losses f wrecks1 casualties1 & o!r reasons = disappe>ance f ! regi/]1 mu/ be consid]$4 ,!re 7 lo/ or ab&on$1 9 ! fiscal ye> end+ ,june #ahij1 #bch /eam]s & #ehh sail+ vessels ( our fleet1 a total ( #afe1ejh tons2 #caa1bbj tons disappe>+ 9 ! same p]iod f ! ,briti% ,regi/]1 go+ to swell ! gigantic total ( #f1gie vessels1 repres5t+ #b1cdi1jcd tons ( ,briti% %ipp+ totally lo/ at sea 9 ! t5 ye>s #ahhj-hi inclusive4 ,9 ! face ( ^! trem5d\s figures ! %ip-build] ne$ n despair--he ne$ only wait2 a few slack ye>s & ! gaps 9 ! ranks become s great t build+ ( necessity mu/ re-beg94 ,! lives ( %ips are inde$ m prec>i\s ?an ^? ( u mortals4 ,!y p]i% at ! annual rate ( ab\t #cj 9 ! #a1jjj1 :]eas our g5]al *ances are "o-?ird bett]4 ,b ^! losses ( %ips c>ry ) !m ! lives ( _m brave m52 ) ! wrecks above enum]at$ m ?an #bj1jjj p]sons p]i%$4 ,9 ?is bald /atem5t :at vi/as ( suff]+1 incapacity1 c>elessness1 neglig5ce1 mis=tune1 & h]oism are op5$ up6 ,despite ! dang] ( prophecy x w\ld seem safe to say t we %all n g1 9 ! next five ye>s1 f> beyond ! *anges :i* _h tak5 pretty complete %ape by #ahhg4 ,= a :ile at lea/ ! />tl+ transitions ( ! la/ decade are n to be look$ =1 & we c only expect great] p[] 9 great] %ips on ! l9es already e/abli%$4 ,x is well ^! great transitions %\ld n come too frequ5tly2 ! %ip-own] %\ld be all[$ a little brea?+ "t1 & %\ld n be cont9ually oppress$ by a nightm>e ( obsolete %ips4 ,we may safely say1 too1 t our own c\ntry w h a great] %>e 9 %ipbuild+ ?an 9 pa/ ye>s4 ,our output s9ce #ahhe has be5 /eadily increas+1 & ?\gh ! am\nt has n be5 great1 ! *ange wr\ght 9 our %ipy>ds has be5 revolution>y4 ,! dem&s ( ! navy h enabl$ !m to ext5d & reorganize _! plant & /aff until !y are n[ on a plane ) ! be/ ( ! _w4 ,co9cid5t ) ! trans=mation ( ! %ipy>ds1 & = ! same reason1 has be5 t ( our /eel indu/ry1 :]eby we n[ h e/abli%m5ts :i* x is n ,*auv9i/ic to say are m p]fectly equipp$ ?an else:]e4#i ,if ! rebuild+ ( ! navy _h s]v$ no o!r purpose1 x _h be5 money well sp5t4 ,hav+ rea*$ ?is /age our build]s c n[ take l>ge ord]s mu* m *eaply ?an a few ye>s s9ce1 & :i* 9 #ahhg !y c\ld n h tak5 at all _h x be5 requir$ to supply all p>ts f our own indu/rial e/abli%m5ts4 ,?is fact1 tak5 ) ! dawn ( a new era 9 our comm]cial relations1 :]e9 ! %ip-own] w h a fair *ance ( c>ry+ bo? ways1 gives good prospect ( an e>ly rehabilitation ( our anci5t p[] ^u ! sea4 ,footnotes3 #a ,report ( ,lecture 9 ! ,liv]pool ,albion1 deliv]$ 9 ,liv]pool1 ,decemb]1 #ahce4 #b ,! acc\nt giv5 ( ! ,savannah is cond5s$ f ,admiral ,preble's ,notes = a ,hi/ory ( ,/eam ,navigation4 #c ,daniel ,dod1 an ,am]ican citiz51 0 grant$ a pat5t ,novemb] #bi1 #ahaa1 9 :i* he /ates3 8,i =m ! cond5s] ( a pipe or numb] ( pipes cond5s$ toge!r2 & cond5se ! /eam by imm]s+ ! pipes 9 cold wat]1 ei!r ) or )\t an injection ( wat]40 ,! pres5t surface cond5s] consi/s ess5tially ( a great numb] ( small brass tubes1 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 pass+ ?r\gh an air-tight *amb]4 ,! exhau/ /eam f ! cyl9d]s ent]s ! *amb]s1 & cold wat] is con/antly pump$ ?r\gh ! tubes4 ,! /eam is cond5s$ by contact ) ! cold tubes1 & ! wat] ?us obta9$ pump$ back to ! boil] 9 a fre% /ate1 in/ead ( be+ mix$ ) ab\t ?irty times its weight ( salt wat]1 z 9 ! old jet cond5s]4 ,practice v>ies1 ! /eam sometimes be+ pass$ ?r\gh ! tubes & ! wat] ar\nd !m4 #d ,! ,naval ,*ronicle ( #ahah1 vol4 xxxix41 p4 #bgg1 speak+ ( ! /eam]s on ! ,clyde1 says3 8,no s]i\s accid5t has occurr$ s9ce _! introduction1 :i* is m ?an two ye>s4 ,! secret ( security consi/s 9 us+ l>ge /eam-eng9es ( great p[] & small pressure4 ,if ! boil]s ( ca/-iron %\ld 9 any "p give way1 a piece ( clo? is firmly w$g$ 9 ! hole1 & ! vessel proce$s )\t any dang] or inconv5i5ce to ! pass5g]s40 #e ,compil$ f (ficial data 9 ,eng9e]+1 ,june #ai & ,july #aj1 #ahia4 #f ,a full] discussion ( ?is subject is giv5 9 ! *apt] on 8,safety on ! ,atlantic40 #g ,?is is z %[n by ,lloyd's ,regi/]1 #ahia-ib2 ! (ficial returns1 deal+ ) ! (ficial ye>1 give #fji vessels & #ecg1fje net tons2 our own net tonnage is ab\t #gd p] c5t1 ( ! gross %[n4 #h ,! figures = ^! ?ree ports are exclusive ( ! tonnage built on =eign acc\nt4 #i ,i use "h ! op9ion1 express$ to ! writ]1 by a great ,engli% /eel manufactur]1 ^: e/abli%m5t /&s at ! head ( ! indu/ry abroad4 ,,spe$ ,,9 ,,ocean ,,/eam]s4 ,,by ,a4 ,e4 ,,seaton4 ,,! ,,vik+',s ,,craft ,,& ,,! ,,mod]n 8,,greyh\nd0--,,problems ,,( ,,in]tia ,,& ,,resi/ance--,,prim>y ,,condition ,,= ,,high ,,spe$--,,:at ,,is ,,meant ,,by 8,,coeffici5t ,,( ,,f95ess0 ,,& 8,,indicat$ ,,horse-,,p[]0--,,advance ,,9 ,,economical ,,eng9es--,,:at ,,! ,,comp\nd ,,eng9e ,,effect$--,a ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,fa/ ,,/eam]s ,,f #ahcf ,,to #ahij--,,prejudice ,,aga9/ ,,propell]s ,,& ,,high ,,pressures--,,advantages ,,( ,,m ,,?an ,,"o ,,screw ,,propell]--,,attempts ,,at ,,propulsion ,,by ,,turb9e ,,:eels1 ,,ejections1 ,,& ,,pumps--,,! ,,introduction ,,( ,,siem5s-,,m>t9 ,,/eel ,,9 #ahge ,,! ,,*ief ,,factor ,,9 ,,! ,,success ,,( ,,mod]n ,,fa/ ,,/eam]s--,,decrease ,,9 ,,coal ,,consumption--,,importance ,,( ,,=c$ ,,draughts--,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,me*anical ,,/ok+--,,possibilities ,,( ,,liquid ,,fuel--,,is ,,! ,,pres5t ,,spe$ ,,likely ,,to ,,be ,,increas$8 ,f ! e>lie/ days ! "q ( ! spe$ ( %ips has be5 "o ( int]e/ to ^? associat$ ) nautical matt]s1 bo? f its comm]cial value1 its value 9 times ( em]g5cy1 & its =m+ ! *ief attraction ( a pa/ime common to all m>itime nations4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! emulation excit$ by ! ya*t-race ( to-day does n exce$ t ( ! anci5ts 9 _! galley races4 ,! skill ( ! naval ar*itect is always m or less direct$ to gett+ ! be/ possible spe$ p]mitt$ by ! o!r conditions impos$ ^u him 9 ! design+ ( %ips ( all classes1 & 8 reputation has be51 & is to-day1 p]haps1 m dep5d5t on ?is ?an on any o!r subject connect$ ) 8 pr(ession4 ,to-day he is fac$ ) a competition t did n exi/ 9 ! pa/1 & 8 e>s are con/antly assail$ by ! cry = high] spe$2 & :]eas a few ye>s ago x 0 a common impression t ! maximum limit _h be5 rea*$1 we h witness$1 dur+ ! pa/ ?ree or f\r ye>s1 p]=mances by %ips1 bo? l>ge & small1 ( spe$s !n undream$ (4 ,x is q true t !re has exi/$ 9 ! m9ds ( vision>ies1 ^: *ief occupation is to add to ! receipts ( ! pat5t (fices1 spe$s ev5 beyond ^? n[ atta9$1 & al?\gh x is possible t "s ( _! pr$ictions may be v]ifi$1 x is at ! same "t c]ta9 t success w n be a*iev$ by ! means sugge/$ by ^! g5tlem54 ,x is common exp]i5ce ) %ip[n]s & %ipbuild]s to h prop\nd$ to !m means :]eby ev5 ?irty knots p] h\r may be realiz$1 & ^! back$ up by v elaborate calculations z pro(1 b :i*1 :5 inve/igat$1 are f\nd1 l ^? ( a well-kn[n writ] ( sci5tific romance1 to be want+ 9 "s little detail1 insignificant at fir/ sight1 b absolutely ess5tial to complete ! pro(4 ,s f> no great dep>ture f ! exi/+ =m ( %ip1 nor f ! me?od ( propulsion1 has result$ 9 obta9+ a high] spe$ ?an is common ) ord9>y %ips ( ! same dim5sions2 & 9 ne>ly e case su* dep>tures h mortifi$ ! inv5tors z well z disappo9t$ ! public by turn+ out absolute failures2 & !re is no good reason to suppose t fur!r successes ?an h already be5 atta9$ w be a*iev$ 9 any o!r way ?an by improv+ ! conditions t n[ obta91 bo? z reg>ds =m ( %ip & me?od ( propulsion1 inasmu* z ! physical causes :i* comb9e to ret>d ! motion ( a vessel1 & ! physical =ces :i* are employ$ 9 ov]com+ t resi/ance1 rema9 to-day z !y ev] 71 & are--9 fact1 ,nature's immutable laws4 ,! comm]cial "q is also "o t presses v h>dly at all times & mu/ cont9ue to d s m & m1 z w be se5 lat] on4 ,! ,atlantic greyh\nd ( to-day is1 9 imm]s$ =m1 sub/antially t ( ! vik+'s craft ( m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,& if we look to ,nature = our /udy we %all f9d t ! swifte/ fi% are n unlike 9 g5]al =m to ! subm]g$ "p ( a %ip2 & ! comp>ison is ! m easily accept$ :5 x is rememb]$ t ! fi% is :olly subm]g$ :ile ! %ip is only p>tially s4 ,! "o has to cont5d ) waves & o!r surface di/urbances1 & mu/ p]=ce keep above ! wat]1 :ile ! o!r is free f su* di/urb+ elem5ts & conditions1 & pursues its c\rse 9 practically smoo? wat]4 ,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,s4 ,polyphemus is ! ne>e/ approa* to ! fi% conditions 9 a sea-go+ %ip t has prov$ successful4 ,illu/ration3 ,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,s4 ,polyphemus at ,full ,spe$--#ah-e_/h knots4 ,9 ord] to produce motion at all1 ! in]tia ( ! %ip1 or t quality :i* e concrete body possesses ( rema9+ at re/ until di/urb$1 has to be ov]come1 & :5 ! %ip is 9 motion ?r\gh ! wat] !re is resi/ance ( a two-fold k9d--t due to ! di/urbance ( ! wat]1 & t due to ! frictional resi/ance ( ! imm]s$ surface4 ,if a ?9 %eet ( metal is mov$ edgewise ?r\gh wat] x (f]s a decid$ resi/ance1 ev5 if its surface be smoo? & bright2 x w also be not$ t ?is resi/ance increases v rapidly z ! spe$ is increas$1 & t ! l>g] ! area ! great] is ! resi/ance4 ,if ?is %eet ( metal is mov$ 9 a direction at "r angles to its surface ! resi/ance is ( c\rse great3 9 fact1 x is v great comp>$ ) t ( ! previ\s exp]im5t1 & ! di/urbance ( ! wat] is consid]able4 ,if a log ( timb] is to be t[$ f "o place to ano!r1 x is a common obs]vation t an exp]i5c$ boatman causes x to move ) its big end fir/1 because he f9ds x easi] "w t way ?an ) ! small] end fir/2 9 ! latt] case he has ! same section ( timb] (f]+ resi/ance to ! log's passage1 b ow+ to its w$ge-l =m ! pressure on its long sides is great] ?an :5 t[$ ! o!r way1 & ! friction ( ! wat] pa/ ^! sides--:i* are g5]ally m or less r\gh--causes v great resi/ance2 no d\bt1 = ! same reason1 ^? =ms ( %ips adopt$ = c5turies by "s ,european nations1 & kn[n to m>9]s z 8cod's-head & mack]el-tail0 %ape1 7 su* good sail]s2 & if to-day we 7 cont5t ) ! maximum spe$ atta9$ by su* vessels1 x is possible we might copy _! =m ) advantage4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we attempt$ to move !m1 ei!r by sail or me*anical p[]1 at a high] rate1 we %\ld f9d ! increase 9 spe$ to be ( no acc\nt1 b ! increase 9 wave di/urbance w\ld be great2 9 o!r words1 ! great] portion ( ! additional p[] w\ld be us$ up 9 produc+ ?is wat] di/urbance1 or waves1 in/ead ( propell+ ! %ip4 ,:5 ! propell] ( a /eam] is fir/ set 9 motion x does little else ?an project a /ream ( wat] 9 ! direction opposite to t 9 :i* x is desir$ to move ! vessel2 x is pres5tly se5 t ! latt] beg9s to move1 indicat+ t ! in]tia ( ! %ip has be5 ov]come by ! reaction ( t /ream ( wat] f ! propell]2 ! propell] /ill cont9ues to project ! /ream1 ! %ip 9 ! mean:ile increas+ 9 spe$1 or1 z sailors t]m x1 8ga!r+ way10 %[+ t ! p[] exp5d$ is /ill 9 excess ( ! resi/ance ( ! %ip1 inasmu* z some?+ is produc+ an augm5tation ( spe$2 x is aft]w>d notic$ t ! %ip cont9ues to move at a uni=m rate1 & t ! /ream ( wat] is /ill project$ by ! propell]1 b at a l[] velocity comp>$ ) ! surr\nd+ /ill wat] ?an 0 ! case :5 ! vessel 0 at re/4 ,?is means t ! p[] & ! resi/ance are ev5ly balanc$1 & t ! "w done by ! %ip 9 mov+ =w>d is exactly equal to t ( ! wat] mov+ 9 ! opposite direction ?r\gh ! surr\nd+ wat]4 ,! vessel has n[ /or$ up 9 h]self :at is call$ en]gy1 :i* is ! p[] develop$ 9 ov]com+ ! in]tia1 s t if ! eng9e /ops %e /ill progresses =w>d & does n come to a /&/ill until ! :ole ( t /or$-up p[] is exp5d$4 ,if ! vessel is a l>ge & heavy "o1 its spe$ w be1 :5 "u way1 virtually uni=m1 9 spite ( casual *anges ( resi/ance due to w9d & waves2 & ?is is "o ( ! reasons = l>ge %ips be+ a necessity = successful passages on /ations l ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 & x is likewise "o ( ! reasons :y light craft l torp$o-boats %[ su* a poor p]=mance 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,! prim>y condition = high spe$ is f95ess ( =m1 s t ! wat] at ! b[ ( ! vessel may be sep>at$ & ?r[n to "o side1 & br\ght to re/ aga9 at ! /]n & beh9d ! vessel ) ! lea/ possible di/urbance1 & ! measure ( effici5cy ( =m = ! maximum spe$ int5d$ is inv]sely z ! height ( ! waves ( di/urbance4 ,a %ip t has be5 design$ to atta9 a spe$ ( #ae knots w1 :5 mov+ at #ab knots1 %[ a v slight di/urbance inde$1 & 9 "o design$ = #ah knots1 :5 mov+ at ?is l[] spe$1 x w be sc>cely obs]vable2 b h[ev] f9e ! l9es ( a %ip may be1 %e mu/ at e spe$ produce "s di/urbance1 al?\gh x may be v slight1 z ! wat] displac$ by h] mu/ be rais$ above ! normal level & replac$ at ! normal level2 h5ce1 at or ne> ! b[ ( a %ip !re is always ! cre/ ( a wave1 & at or ne> ! /]n ! holl[ ( "o4 ,:5 a vessel is go+ at its maximum spe$1 & is prop]ly design$ = t spe$1 ! wave %\ld n be v high1 nor %\ld x ext5d beyond ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ! b[2 likewise ! wave ( replacem5t %\ld be ! same at or ne> ! /]n ( a %ip1 & ! 8wake10 or di/urbance ( wat] left beh9d 9 ! track ( ! %ip1 %\ld be n>r[4 ,among naval ar*itects & o!rs x is usual to judge ( ! =ms ( %ips by ! relation !y be> to rectangul> blocks ( ! same dim5sions2 t is to say1 a %ip ^: dim5sions are--l5g?1 #ajj feet2 bread?1 #bj feet1 & draft ( wat]1 #aj feet1 & ^: displacem5t is #ab1jjj cubic feet1 w\ld be said to h a coeffici5t ( f95ess ( #j4f1 or t h] f95ess 0 sixty p] c5t41 inasmu* z t ( a rectangul> block#aj ( ! same dim5sions w\ld be #bj1jjj cubic feet4 ,mod]n exp]i5ce has %[n t = spe$s n exce$+ #i knots1 & ) %ips ( ! tonnage n[ common = g5]al ocean "w1 ! b[ may be v bluff & ! /]n only suffici5tly f9e to all[ free access ( wat] to ! propell]1 s t ! coeffici5t ( su* vessels is frequ5tly #j4gh1 :]eas t ( our fa/e/ w>%ips is only #j4e1 & ( our l>ge mod]n pass5g] /eam]s #j4ee4 ,z already /at$1 9 ! %ip ^: coeffici5t is #j4gh any increase ( p[] produces v little ga9 9 spe$1 & if su* a %ip 7 fitt$ ) eng9es & boil]s ( ! same size & develop+ ! same p[] z ^? ( a #bj-knot ,atlantic greyh\nd1 ! increase 9 spe$ w\ld be v insignificant1 b ! di/urbance 9 its imm$iate neighborhood w\ld be v great2 9 fact1 if any vessel is driv5 beyond a spe$ = :i* h] =m is suitable1 %e produces waves#aa bo? num]\s & high1 z may be se5 by ref]5ce to ! illu/ration ( ,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,s4 ,imprieuse be+ driv5 at h] full spe$ ( #ag-a_/d knots :5 lad5 mu* deep] ?an ! design$ draft p4 #fd4 ,z be=e m5tion$1 :5 speak+ ( ! exp]im5t ) a ?9 %eet ( metal1 ! resi/ance to passage ?r\gh ! wat] increases v rapidly ) ! increase ( spe$1 & c>eful obs]vation has %[n t su* increase is proportionate to ! squ>e ( ! spe$1 s t an imm]s$ body has f\r times ! resi/ance :5 mov+ at twice ! spe$1 & s9ce x w travel d\ble ! di/ance 9 ! same "t ! p[] requir$ is eight times z great2 t is1 ! p[] ne$$ to propel a %ip v>ies z ! cube ( ! spe$4 ,x 0 also discov]$ t ! p[] v>i$ ) ! cube root ( ! squ>e ( ! displacem5t2 al?\gh m correct mod]n exp]im5t has %[n t ?is v>iation is n /rictly true1 x is suffici5t = ! purpose ( ?is article to assume t x is s4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,imprieuse go+ at ,full ,spe$4 7,f an in/antane\s photograph47 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd ,/eam] ,kais] ,wilhelm ,,ii4 ,! indicat$ horse-p[] call$ ,i4 ,h4-,p4 = brevity1 or t p[] develop$ by ! eng9e z regi/]$ by ! indicator1 is n all usefully appli$ to ! propulsion ( a /eam%ip4 ,a l>ge portion ( x is us$ up 9 ov]com+ ! resi/ance ( ! eng9e itself1 z well z ! necess>y adjuncts ( x1 am\nt+ (t5 to ?irte5 p] c5t4 ,!n1 aga91 ano!r portion is absorb$ 9 ov]com+ ! resi/ance ( ! propell] & its %aft+2 & z at pres5t !re is no accurate me?od ( det]m9+ ^! portions1 ! net effective horse-p[]1 or t usefully employ$ 9 propell+ ! vessel1 c only be guess$ at1 or approximat$ to by calculations m or less ab/ruse4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! gross1 or indicat$1 horse-p[] t has to be obta9$ & paid =1 & t1 !re=e1 is ! elem5t t has to be consid]$ 9 practice2 s t1 f ?is consid]ation alone1 any great increase 9 spe$ has to be v de>ly paid =4 ,moreov]1 z has already be5 said1 to admit ( a high] spe$ ! %ip mu/ be made mu* f9]1 :i* means t h] c>ry+ capacity = c>go & fuel has to be decreas$2 besides :i* ! great] eng9e-p[] w add to ! dead load1 ?us /ill fur!r dim9i%+ ! vessel's capability = c>ry+4 ,?is may be bett] und]/ood by tak+ a /eam] ( mod]ate dim5sions1 & su* z = _m ye>s 0 deem$ suffici5t = ! ,atlantic trade1 say #cjj feet long1 #dj feet beam1 & hav+ a draft ( wat] ( #bj feet4 ,su* a craft w\ld h a displacem5t ( ab\t #d1hjj tons1 c\ld /eam #aj knots p] h\r ) #a1jjj ,i4 ,h4-,p41 & c>ry #c1jjj tons ( c>go1 fuel1 /ores1 & equipm5t4 ,tak+ ! di/ance to be /eam$ at #c1bjj knots1 & ! consumption ( fuel at #d p\nds p] ,i4 ,h4-,p41 x w be se5 t ! net consumption ( coal is #ega tons2 add+ to ?is tw5ty-five p] c5t4 = cont+5cies ( wea!r1 = rais+ /eam1 cook+1 heat+1 etc41 ! %ip w\ld h to leave port ) #gad tons ( fuel & r less ?an #b1cjj tons ( c>go1 /ores1 etc41 on bo>d4 ,if a /eam%ip ( simil> dim5sions 7 requir$ to d ! voyage at #ae knots1 h] design w\ld h to be su* t ! displacem5t w\ld n be m ?an #d1ajj tons1 ! ,i4 ,h4-,p4 at lea/ #c1djj1 & ! am\nt ( fuel /or$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! voyage #a1fah tons4 ,! ma*9]y w\ld probably h to be at lea/ #djj tons heavi]1 s t ! capacity = c>go1 /ores1 etc41 w\ld n[ be r$uc$ to #a1jjj tons4 ,! co/1 too1 w\ld be greatly increas$ on acc\nt ( ! extra eng9e-p[]1 & ! exp5se 9 fuel w\ld be m ?an d\bl$4 ,! eng9e-& boil]-room /aff w\ld likewise be mat]ially increas$1 :ile ! e>n+ p[] ( ! vessel w\ld be less ?an half4 ,see+1 h[ev]1 t ! p[] requir$ = a c]ta9 spe$ v>ies ) ! cube root ( ! displacem5t squ>$1 ! proportion ( p[] to tonnage w decrease consid]ably ) ! increase 9 ! size1 s t if1 in/ead ( ! /eam] above ref]r$ to ( #d1ajj tons1 "o 7 tak5 ( #h1bjj tons1 ! ,i4 ,h4-,p4 = #ae knots--all o!r ?+s rema9+ ! same--w\ld be v little m ?an #e1jjj2 i4 e41 ) a %ip ( twice ! size ! increase ( eng9e-p[] is only =ty-sev5 p] c5t4 ,! c>ry+ capacity & consequ5t e>n+ p[] ( su* a boat is immeasurably m ?an t ( ! small "o4 ,! l>g] %ip w1 moreov]1 make bett] passages1 & g5]ally be mu* m economical 9 work+1 z ! (fic]s & crew w n v l>gely exce$ t ( ! small] vessel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ow+ to ! m economical eng9e t advances 9 spe$ 7 r5d]$ possible1 & ?is is se5 by ref]r+ back to ! orig9al %ip1 & suppos+ t in/ead ( eng9es burn+ #d p\nds ( coal p] ,i4 ,h4-,p41 x _h ones consum+ only #b-a_/b p\nds p] ,i4 ,h4-,p4 9 :i* case ! exp5diture on ! voyage w\ld be r$uc$ f #a1fah tons to #a1jjd tons2 s t #fjj tons m c>go c\ld be tak5 & ! co/ ( #fjj tons ( fuel p] voyage sav$4 ,?is 0 actually ! case on ! sub/itution ( comp\nd = old-fa%ion$ l[-pressure jet-injection eng9es fitt$ to ! ,cun>d ,company's /eam]s z late z #ahfb1 :5 _! l>ge/1 fa/e/1 & mo/ improv$ /eam]1 ! ,scotia1 0 put on ! s]vice4 ,b x 0 n until _m ye>s aft] ! adv5t ( ! ,scotia t su* economic eng9es 7 9 g5]al use on ! ,atlantic1 & x 0 only 9 #ahgd-ge1 :5 ! ,inman ,company & ,:ite ,/> ,company plac$ /eam%ips hav+ ^! eng9es 9 competition ) ! old-fa%ion$ ones1 t ! day ( ! latt] 0 gone4 ,illu/ration3 ,pass5g] ,/eam] ,pr9cesse ,h5riette at ,full ,spe$--#bd-a_/b miles p] h\r4 7,built by ,william ,d5ny ,co41 ,dumb>ton47 ,! fir/ pione]s ( /eam%ip con/ruction 7 app>5tly satisfi$ to f9d _! ef=ts result 9 "s motion1 = we f9d exultation r ?an disappo9tm5t 9 ! acc\nts extant ( ,patrick ,mill]'s exp]im5ts ) a small /eam] on a ,scot* canal 9 ! ye> #aghg2 & lat]1 9 #aghi1 :51 ) a l>g] & bett] boat & ma*9]y1 he 0 able to obta9 a spe$ ( #g miles an h\r 7equival5t to #f4jg knots#ab7 x 0 deem$ a great a*ievem5t2 lat] /ill1 9 #ahjg1 ,fulton's fir/ attempt ) ! /eam%ip ,cl]mont1 9 a run f ,albany to ,new ,york & back1 ! av]age spe$ 0 only #e miles an h\r4 ,9 ^? days s long z a /eam] 0 able to face w9d & tide %e 0 deem$ a success4 ,! competition ( /eam]s 9 e>ly times 7:5 !re 0 any7 0 ) sail+ %ips1 or ) l& conveyances ^: maximum rate w\ld be #aj miles an h\r1 & t effect$ at consid]able co/ 9 horse-fle%4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 true t sail+ %ips did !n1 & c n[1 sail1 "u favorable circum/ances1 at v mu* high] rates ?an we h j m5tion$1 & ev5 z mu* z #ae knots c be obta9$ ) "o ( f9e l9es ) a favor+ w9d2 b a sail+ %ip is n always free to trav]se ! %orte/ di/ance f port to port1 & ev5 :5 w9d & wea!r p]mit ( ?is1 ! av]age spe$ falls f> bel[ #ae knots ) ! be/-design$ vessels2 h5ce if a /eam] c\ld d #i knots %e w\ld make %ort] passages ?an any sail]2 & f ! ne>] approa* to uni=mity 9 ! "t occupi$1 pass5g]s 7 attract$ to /eam%ips1 & ! pass5g] sail+ vessel1 except = v long voyages1 became a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,! ,cl]mont1 con/ruct$ by ,fulton 9 ,am]ica1 & suppli$ by him ) eng9es made by ,messrs4 ,bolton ,watt1 9 ,birm+ham1 ,engl&1 0 #acc feet long1 #ah feet broad1 & #i feet deep2 ! eng9e _h a diamet] ( pi/on ( #bd in*es ) #d feet /roke2 %e took #cb h\rs p]=m+ ! voyage f ,albany to ,new ,york1 & #cj h\rs 9 return+--! j\rney c n[ be done 9 "o-f\r? t "t4 ,9 #ahae ! /eam%ip ,cal$onia 0 plac$ on ! s]vice betwe5 ,m>gate 7,engl&7 & ,holl&1 & h] spe$ did n exce$ #g-a_/b knots p] h\r4 ,/eam%ips n[ p]=m ! passage at d\ble t spe$1 & ! mo/ rec5t additions to ! cont95tal s]vice betwe5 ,dov] & ,o/5d are /eamboats t c travel at ne>ly ?ree times ! pace ( ! ,cal$onia4 ,! ,pr9cesse ,h5riette is #cjj feet long1 #ch feet broad1 & #ac feet #f in*es deep1 & has eng9es ^: cyl9d]s are #eh in*es & #ajd in*es diamet]1 ) a /roke ( #f feet1 & on page #fi is %[n a draw+ ( h]1 tak5 f a photograph :5 travell+ on h] trial trip at a spe$ ( #ba4bh knots1 or #bd-a_/b /atute miles p] h\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,eng9es ( ! ,comet4 ,! fir/ /eamboat con/ruct$ & us$ = s]viceable purposes 9 ,great ,brita9 0 ! ,comet1 built by ,h5ry ,bell1 on ! ,clyde1 9 #ahab4 ,%e 0 only #dj feet long1 #aj feet broad1 ( #bd tons measurem5t2 h] eng9es 7 ( #d nom9al horse-p[]1 & ( v curi\s design1 z %[n by ! engrav+ on page #gj2 h] spe$ "u favorable conditions 0 only #e miles an h\r4 ,%e cont9u$ to ply = "s ye>s betwe5 ,glasg[ & ,gre5ock1 & 0 d\btless a v great conv5i5ce to ! public at t "t2 b ! advance t has be5 made 9 ! con/ruction ( riv] /eam]s = s]vice on ! ,clyde & its e/u>y is se5 by ref]5ce to ! illu/ration ( ! /eam] ,du*ess ( ,hamilton1 ^: dim5sions are l5g?1 #bej feet2 bread?1 #cj feet2 & dep? #aj feet2 h] eng9es hav+ cyl9d]s #cd-a_/b in*es & #fj in*es diamet]1 ) a pi/on-/roke ( #e feet4 ,h] spe$ is ov] #ah knots1 or v ne>ly #ba miles p] h\r1 at :i* rate %e 0 go+ :5 ! photograph 0 tak54 ,illu/ration3 ,pass5g] ,/eam] ,du*ess ( ,hamilton at ,full ,spe$--#ba miles p] h\r4 7,built = s]vice on ! ,clyde47 ,! paddle /eam] ,puritan is ano!r example ( ! v great progress made s9ce ! days ( ! ,cl]mont1 & is also a m>k$ advance 9 _m ways on ! ,bri/ol1 :i* 0 ! wond] ( a few ye>s ago2 & ano!r not$ case is ! /eam%ip ,columba1 built = s]vice on ! ,clyde4 ,! fir/ /eam%ips to cross ! ,atlantic f ,engl& 7 ! ,sirius & ,great ,we/]n1#ac names nev] to be =gott54 ,! ,great ,we/]n 0 built at ,bri/ol1 ,engl&1 & complet$ 9 ! ye> #ahch4 ,%e 0 #bab feet long1 #ce feet #d in*es broad1 & #a1cdj tons burd51 & _h eng9es ( #dej nom9al horse-p[]4 ,%e did ! voyage f ,bri/ol to ,new ,york 9 #ae days4 ,! "t ( h] quicke/ passage1 giv5 9 ! table on page #hj z #aj days1 #aj h\rs1 & #ae m9utes1 is n ! actual passage1 b is ! equival5t ( a passage reckon$ f ,que5/[n to ,s&y ,hook4 ,illu/ration3 ,pass5g] ,/eam] ,columba at ,full ,spe$--#ba miles p] h\r4 7,built = ,clyde pass5g] s]vice47 ,9 #ahdj ! ,britannia1 ! fir/ ( ! ,cun>d /eam]s1 0 put on h] /ation4 ,%e 0 a paddle boat1 built ( wood1 & 0 #bjg feet long4 ,h] spe$ on s]vice 0 ab\t eight & a half knots1 s t %e did ! passage 9 #ae days4 ,t5 ye>s lat] ! n[ r5[n$ ,inman ,l9e comm5c$ ) an iron screw /eam] nam$ ! ,city ( ,glasg[1 ( #a1fjj tons burd51 & #cej nom9al horse-p[]1 a new dep>ture 9 bo? %ip & propell]4 ,x 0 n until #ahee t ! ,cun>d ,company built an iron /eam]1 & !y cont9u$ to employ paddle boats until #ahfb1 :5 ! celebrat$ /eam%ip ,scotia 0 complet$4 ,x is int]e/+ to note1 9 pass+1 t ! av]age l5g? ( voyage 9 ! ,cun>d ,l9e1 9 #ahef1 f ,liv]pool to ,new ,york 0 #ab4fgf days1 & f ,new ,york to ,liv]pool #aa4jcf days4 ,?irte5 ye>s aft] ! ,scotia 0 built ! ,:ite ,/> ,company plac$ on ! /ation two vessels t 7 v great advances on any?+ !n exi/+2 !y 7 m>vels ( ! %ip-build]'s & m>9e eng9e]'s skill1 & ev5 to-day hold _! own 9 _m respects ) ! mo/ mod]n %ips4 ,t ^! %\ld compete successfully1 & ev5tually drive (f ! l9e su* a %ip z ! ,scotia is easily se5 by ref]5ce to contra/$ p>ticul>s 9 ! table on page #gh4 ,! ,britannic is a screw vessel #dee feet long2 h] ,i4 ,h4-,p4 on trial trip 0 #e1djj1 & at sea is ab\t f\r ?\s& n9e hundr$1 or practically ! same z t ( ! ,scotia2 b ! spe$ on trial 0 ne>ly two knots m1 & ! av]age ( elev5 voyages gives a mean ( #ae4jde knots p] h\r2 :ile z rec5tly z ,septemb]1 #ahij1 9 h] old age1 %e trav]s$ ! ,atlantic f ,new ,york to ,que5/[n at an av]age spe$ ( #af4jh knots4 ,%e has comp\nd eng9es ) #d cyl9d]s1 ! two high-pressure be+ ea* #dh in*es diamet]1 & ! two l[-pressure ea* #hc in*es diamet]1 ) a /roke ( #e feet4 ,h] consumption ( coal w be ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty tons p] day1 & on leav+ port %e w h on bo>d1 say #a1cjj tons ( fuel4 ,%e c c>ry a consid]able c>go4 ,! weight ( h] ma*9]y is #a1aab tons4 ,%e & h] si/] %ip1 ! ,g]manic1 7 9 _! day admitt$ to be all t c\ld be desir$2 almo/ z mu* z 0 physically possible1 & c]ta9ly z mu* z 0 !n possible comm]cially4 ,s9ce !n1 h[ev]1 _m *anges h tak5 place t w be allud$ to lat] on1 s t to-day we h num]\s boats runn+ on ! ,atlantic at an av]age spe$ ( #ai to #bj knots1 ) a reputation = be+ comm]cial successes z well z triumphs ( eng9e]+ skill4 ,! mo/ rec5t & notewor?y ( ^! are ! /eam%ips ,teutonic & ,maje/ic1 own$ by ! same ent]pris+ g5tlem51 & con/ruct$ by ! same fam$ build]s z ! ,britannic & ,g]manic2 & ! ,city ( ,p>is & ,city ( ,new ,york1 sail+ "u ! same h\se flag z ! /eam%ip ,city ( ,b]l91 :i* 0 a wor?y competitor ( ! ,britannic4 ,! ,maje/ic is a tw9-screw /eam] ( #i1hea tons gross1 #efe feet long 7or #aaj feet m ?an ! ,britannic74 ,ea* screw is driv5 by a set ( triple-expansion eng9es4 ,h] consumption ( fuel is ab\t two hundr$ & n9ety tons p] day1 :ile on leav+ port %e w h on bo>d ab\t two ?\s& f\r hundr$ tons ( coal4 ,h] ,i4 ,h4-,p4 on trial trip 0 #ag1jjj4 ,h] be/ spe$ on s]vice is a mean ( #bj4ah1 & tak+ ! mean ( t5 voyages x is #ai4gb knots4 ,a picture ( ! %ip1 tak5 :ile afloat on ! ,m]sey1 is %[n on page #ge4 ,! ,city ( ,p>is is #aj1dii tons gross regi/]1 & is #ebg feet long3 %e also is a tw9-screw vessel4 ,x w be obs]v$ by comp>ison ) ! ,maje/ic see table1 p4 #gh t ! ,city ( ,p>is is ! l>g] %ip1 al?\gh %e is #ch feet %ort]1 h] extra beam ( #e4d feet giv+ h] ?is advantage4 ,h] spe$ ) #bj1ajj ,i4 ,h4-,p4 is #ba4ieb knots1 h] be/ run on s]vice be+ #bj4ja knots2 & h] daily consumption ( coal is ab\t ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty tons1 :i* necessitates h] leav+ port ) ov] two ?\s& sev5 hundr$ tons ( fuel on bo>d = ! trip4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,:ite ,/> ,/eam] ,maje/ic4 ,previ\s to ! adv5t ( ^! vessels ! ,cun>d ,company's /eam%ips ,etruria & ,umbria 7 ! fa/e/ boats on ! ,atlantic1 & _! p]=mances are highly cr$itable to all conc]n$4 ,! be/ voyage f ,que5/[n to ,s&y ,hook by ! ,etruria 0 done 9 #f days1 #e h\rs1 #c m9utes1 & ! be/ f ,s&y ,hook to ,que5/[n 9 #f days1 #g h\rs1 #cb m9utes1 & ! av]age 9 #ahhf 0 ab\t #f days1 #ae h\rs1 z comp>$ ) ! #aa days1 #ai h\rs ( #ahef4 ,! av]age ( ! ,britannic = t5 ye>s 0 #h days1 #i h\rs1 #cf m9utes1 ,que5/[n to ,new ,york2 & #h days1 #a h\r1 #dh m9utes1 ,new ,york to ,que5/[n4 ,,comp>ative ,,table ,,( ,,atlantic ,,/eam%ips ,,& ,,_! ,,spe$s4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,l5g? ,paddle on or ,:5 ,wat]- ,horse- ,ton- ,,"n ,,( ,,%ip4 ,screw4,built4 l9e4 ,bread?4 ,draft4 p[]4 nage4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,ft4 ,ins4,ft4 ,ins4,ft4 ,ins4 ,nom9al4 ,sirius ,paddle #ahcf #agj #j #bgj #gjj ,briti% ,que5 #ahci #bcd #j #dj #d #af #j #ejj #b1jaf ,liv]pool #ahci #baj #j #cf #j #djd #a1aej ,great ,we/]n #ahch #bab #j #ce #d #af #j #dej #a1cdj ,britannia #ahdj #bjf #j #cd #f #dej #a1aee ,scotia #ahfb #cff #j #dg #i #bb #j #a1jjj #b1ceh ,city ( ,ri*mond,screw4 #ahgc #ddj #j #dc #f #gjj #d1ghj ,city ( ,b]l9 #ahgd #dhh #f #dd #b #a1jjj #e1ebf ,indicat$ ,g]manic #ahgd #dee #j #de #b #bc #g #e1djj #e1jjh ,britannic #ahgd #dee #j #de #b #bc #g #e1djj #e1jjd ,arizona #ahgi #dej #j #de #a #ah #i #f1cjj #e1afd ,s]via #ahha #eae #j #eb #j #bc #c-a_/b #aj1cjj #g1cib ,city ( ,rome #ahha #edb #f #eb #j #ba #e-a_/b #aa1hij #h1add ,alaska #ahha #ejj #j #ej #j #ba #j #aj1jjj #f1icb ,am]ica #ahhc #dcb #j #ea #j #bf #g #g1ced #e1ebh ,oregon #ahhc #eja #j #ed #b #bc #h #ac1cjj #g1cge ,umbria #ahhd #ejj #j #eg #b #ad1cbj #h1abh ,etruria #ahhd #ejj #j #eg #b #ad1cbj #h1abj ,city ( ,new ,york #ahhh #ebg #j #fc #j #ah1djj #aj1ejj ,city ( ,p>is #ahhh #ebg #j #fc #j #bj1ajj #aj1ejj ,maje/ic #ahhi #efe #j #eg #f #bf #j #ag1jjj #i1hfa ,teutonic #ahhi #efe #j #eg #f #bf #j #ag1jjj #i1fhf ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,cyl9d]s4 ------------------------------- ,"t ,/roke occupi$ ,trial 9 ,work+ on ,quicke/ ,,"n ,,( ,,%ip4 ,spe$4 ,diamet] 9 ,in*es4 ,in*es4,pressure4 ,passage4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,knots4 ,lbs4 ,d4 ,h4 ,m4 ,sirius #ah #aa #ae ,briti% ,que5 #h4e ,two #gg-a_/b #hd #ac #ah #aj ,liv]pool ,two #ge #hd #aa #ah #e ,great ,we/]n ,two #gc #hd #aj #aj #ae ,britannia ,two #gb #hb ,scotia #ac4i ,two #ajj #add #h #d #cj ,city ( ,ri*mond #fh & #abj #fj #g #ah #ej ,city ( ,b]l9 #da1 #fe1 & #aja #ff #g #ad #ab ,g]manic #af4j ,two #dh & two #hc #fj #gj #g #aa #cg ,britannic #af4j ,two #dh & two #hc #fj #gj #g #aj #ec ,arizona #ag4j ,"o #fb & two #ij #ff #ij #g #c #cj ,s]via #af4i ,"o #gb & two #ajj #gh #f #bc #ej ,city ( ,rome #ah4bc ,?ree #df & ?ree #hf #gb #ij #f #ba #d ,alaska #ah4j ,"o #fh & two #ajj #gb #ajj #f #ah #cg ,am]ica #ag4h ,"o #fc & two #ia #ff #f #ad #ah ,oregon #ah4c ,"o #gj & two #ajd #gb #aaj #f #i #ea ,umbria #ai4j ,"o #ga & two #aje #gb #aaj #f #c #d ,etruria #ai4e ,"o #ga & two #aje #gb #aaj #f #a #ej ,city ( ,new ,york#bj4ac ,two sets #de1 #ga1 & #aac #fj #aej #e #ba #ai ,city ( ,p>is #ba4ieb,two sets #de1 #ga1 & #aac #fj #aej #e #ai #ah ,maje/ic #ai4hg ,two sets #dc1 #fh1 & #aaj #fj #ahj #e #ah #h ,teutonic #ba4j ,two sets #dc1 #fh1 & #aaj #fj #ahj #e #af #cj ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,x may well be ask$ h[ :at seem$ to be an impossibility 9 #ahgf has be5 a*iev$ s successfully 9 #ahij1 & x is p]haps less int]e/+ to note ! *ang$ conditions ?an ! causes t h produc$ !m4 ,9 ! v e>ly days ( /eam navigation ! eng9es 7 sub/antially ^? us$ = pump+ & o!r purposes on l&4 ,_h ! g5ius ( ,trevi?ick ex]t$ itself 9 ! direction ( improvem5ts 9 %ip propulsion z mu* z x did 9 abortive ef=ts to make ! locomotive a success1 !re is no d\bt we %\ld h _h fa/ pass5g] /eam]s be=e we _h railway tra9s2 & _h n ! prejudice ( ,watt hung ov] ! eng9e]+ _w z a cl\d :i* obscur$ ! cle> light ( sci5ce1 "s o!r eng9e] w\ld h accompli%$ ! same result4 ,x is disappo9t+ to f9d t a man ( ,watt's g5ius & reputation %\ld h attempt$ to damp ! ardor ( m5 l ,sym+ton & ,mill] by pr$ict+ failure = an eng9e :5 appli$ to m>9e propulsion1 & by ?reat5+ ! pa9s & p5alties ( ! law = infr+em5t ( pat5t %\ld ^? ent]pris+ g5iuses disprove 8 pr$ictions4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! /atem5t f a man ( 8 position1 t ,trevi?ick & o!rs :o 7 exp]im5t+1 z well z work+1 ) /eam ( high pressure des]v$ hang+ = _! diabolical inv5tions1 w\ld h great effect on ! eng9e]+ _w1 !n 9 its infancy2 & ! few accid5ts t 9 lat] ye>s occurr$ on /eamboats1 ?r\gh ! crass ignorance or ! reckless neglig5ce ( ^? plac$ 9 *>ge1 recall$ to ! m9d ( ano!r g5]ation ! words ( ,watt1 & made !m d\bly impressive z well z det]r5t to fur!r progress4 ,ev5 9 our own days ! use ( /eam at su* pressures z h enabl$ ! pres5t wond]ful monum5ts ( me*anical skill to be comm]cial successes has be5 animadv]t$ ^u1 & prophesi$ ab\t1 & op5ly d5\nc$1 & x is only ^? :o are engag$ 9 ?is pione] w>f>e :o "k h[ depress+ & disc\rag+ su* language is1 or :o appreciate ! great responsibility tak5 9 advanc+ into ! unkn[n--t is1 unkn[n to ! _w at l>ge4 ,moreov]1 ! body ( e nation is m or less cons]vative & sl[ to compreh5d1 mu* less to appreciate1 new inv5tions or new =ms ( old inv5tions4 ,h5ce1 no d\bt1 x 0 t an ent]pris+ company l t presid$ ov] by ,sir ,samuel ,cun>d %\ld refra9 f build+ its %ips ( ! sup]ior mat]ial1 iron1 & adh]e to ! inf]ior propell]1 ! paddle4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,inman ,l9e ,/eam] ,city ( ,p>is4 ,! paddle-:eel 0 obvi\sly ! fir/ in/rum5t accept$ by ! e>ly eng9e]s z a means ( propulsion4 ,long aft] ! exp]im5t ( ,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,s4 ,rattl] _h demon/rat$ ! contr>y1 ! public fai? 9 ! visible :eel 0 great] 9 reality & m s9c]e ?an t 9 ! invisible screw2 & x is probable t x 0 m ! "q ( co/ ?an any?+ else t ga9$ ! victory = ! screw = ocean & g5]al s]vice4 ,! paddle eng9e is 9 itself heavi] & occupies m room ?an ! screw eng9e2 x is z a rule m exp5sive p] ,i4 ,h4-,p42 & 9 we> & te>--especially ( ! propell] itself--x f> exce$s ! screw4 ,x occupies ! be/ "p ( ! %ip1 & its position is n a matt] ( *oice1 z ) ! screw eng9e1 b is1 ( necessity1 at or ne> ! middle ( ! %ip4#ad ,x is evid5t t a paddle /eam] mu/ require m room1 & t 9 mov+ among %ips or o!r ob/ructions ! liability to damage ! propell] is great] ?an ) ! screw /eam]1 & 9 ! case ( a long voyage ! paddle g5]ally work$ at a disadvantage1 z at ! comm5cem5t x 0 too deeply imm]s$1 & at ! end n imm]s$ en\gh = effici5t work+4 ,if ! sails 7 set s z to /eady ! vessel1 or if set 9 suffici5t quantity to be ( any use 9 quick5+ ! spe$1 %e 0 incl9$ until ! lee :eel 0 8buri$0 & ! 8wea!r0 :eel do+ v little "w2 besides !re 0 a g5]al t5d5cy on ! "p ( ! %ip to turn r\nd1 :i* _h to be c\nt]balanc$ by ! rudd]4 ,! race ( wat] f ! :eels pa/ ! %ip be+ at a high velocity1 & rais$ above ! normal level1 causes a resi/ance to ! %ip beyond t due to h] passage ?r\gh ! wat]1 z 9 ! case ( a screw %ip4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! paddle boat is m readily got into motion & h] spe$ m rapidly arre/$ ?an is ! case ) ! screw /eam]2 & x is claim$ = ! paddle-:eel--al?\gh ! f\ndation = su* a claim is r nebul\s--t :5 ! eng9es are work+ at full spe$ ! %ip is prev5t$ f ! excessive roll+ obs]vable ) a screw vessel4 ,b aga9/ ?is x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! paddle eng9e is f> m try+ to ! /ructure ( ! %ip1 on acc\nt ( ! great weight ( ! :eels be+ tak5 on ! sides ( ! hull1 z well z f ! ef=t ( ! :eels 9 propell+ be+ appli$ at ! same place4 ,!n !re is ! additional dang]1 & t n a remote "o1 t 9 case ( ! %aft break+ & a :eel fall+ cle> ( ! %ip1 %e w\ld upset4 ,an accid5t ( ?is k9d has occurr$ m ?an once1 b !re is no record ( ! actual result be+ s calamit\s z j /at$1 ow+ to o!r =tuit\s circum/ances4 ,t :i* reta9s ! paddle-:eel 9 favor to-day1 & r5d]s x a necessity 9 spite ( argum5t or prejudice1 is ! fact t ! screw requires t ! draft ( ! %ip %all n be less ?an its own diamet]1 :]eas 9 ! l>ge/ paddle boats a dip ( :eel ( six feet is g5]ally suffici5t4 ,h5ce x is t ne>ly all fa/ /eam]s ply+ on riv]s or %all[ e/u>ies1 & *annel /eam]s runn+ to ports :]e !re is little wat] :5 ! tide is l[1 are ( necessity paddle-:eel4 ,by employ+ two screws 7"o on ea* side in/ead ( "o amid%ips7 ! draft ( wat] c be r$uc$ by at lea/ ?irty p] c5t4 ,likewise1 by increas+ ! numb] ( revolutions small] screws w d1 & ! draft ( wat] may be /ill less1 s t "s ?irty ye>s ago1 on ! introduction ( tw9-screws1 !re 7 soon _m %ips built = s]vices t _h hi!rto be5 monopoliz$ by paddle boats2#ae & to-day1 :5 !re is a dem& = high] spe$ & m p[]1 & :]e paddle-:eels are n admissible1 ?ree screws are be+ employ$4 ,%ips h also be5 employ$ ) f\r screws1 viz41 two at ! b[ & two at ! /]n1 &1 = ! purpose = :i* !y 7 requir$1 answ]$ v well inde$2 b ! wor/ possible place = a propell] is obvi\sly at ! b[1 & !re=e 9 ^! %ips ! b[ screws 7 n v effici5t1 b !y und\bt$ly add$ some:at to ! p[] ( ! %ip4 ,9 ! same way "s tug-boats h be5 fitt$ ) a screw at ea* end4 ,all attempts at propulsion ) int]nal propell]s--t is1 by turb9e :eels1 pulsomet]s1 ejectors1 or by pumps--h fail$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! great friction set up by ! wat] 9 its rapid passage ?r\gh ! pipes f & to ! sea2 ! motion mu/ be rapid ow+ to ! size ( ! pipes be+ necess>ily re/rict$4 ,! be/ exp]im5t ) ?is k9d ( propell] 0 made on a co/ly scale by ! ,briti% ,admiralty 9 #ahff1 :5 !y fitt$ ! iron-clad gun-boat ,wat]wit*1 ( #a1bjj tons displacem5t1 ) a ,ru?v5's hydraulic propell]1 consi/+ ( a horizontal turb9e :eel draw+ its wat] ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! %ip & dis*>g+ x =e-&-aft-ways at ea* side1 & driv5 by an eng9e ( #afj nom9al horse-p[]2 & al?\gh ?is vessel 0 only #afb feet long1 #cb feet broad1 & drew #aa feet #d in*es ( wat]1 h] spe$ 0 only a little ov] #i knots1 ) an indicat$ horse-p[] ( #hja4 ,! spe$ co-effici5ts :]eby h] p]=mances c\ld be comp>$ ) t ( o!r %ips 7 mo/ disappo9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,tw9 ,screws ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york ,b ! a*ievem5ts ( screw /eam]s are n always satisfactory at fir/1 & "t has %[n "s curi\s in/ances :]e :at appe>$ at fir/ sight a little ?+ prev5t$ great results4 ,to-day we "k some:at ( ! screw propell]1 b x is v difficult1 if n impossible1 = ! clev]e/ & mo/ exp]i5c$ eng9e] to def9e 8 k or to classify 8 facts s z to d$uce any rules f !m t %all enable him to lay d[n fix$ laws = ! practical guidance ( o!rs4 ,9 pa/ ye>s m 0 pr(ess$1 b /ill less 0 actually kn[n1 & t :i* 0 to be a panacea = ! ills ( e screw %ip prov$ useless 9 _m in/ances1 & aggravat$ ! evil 9 o!rs4 ,! pat5ts = propell]s are num]\s1 & "s ( ! specifications int]e/+ & amus+1 b ( !m all !re are less ?an c be c\nt$ on ! f+]s ( "o h& t h any practical value1 or t h influ5c$ ! comm]ce ( ! _w2 & we f9d to-day t ! propell] :i* gives ! be/ results is v simple 9 =m & its work+ surface a true helix4 ,:at is bett] und]/ood1 h[ev]1 are ! proportions1 & 9 !m lies ! success ( ! in/rum5t4 ,x is q true t ! blades may be ( su* a %ape & s arrang$ z to give bad results1 b x is v difficult to alt] ! propell] blade n[ mo/ g5]ally us$ & get mu* improvem5t !reby4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,propell] ( ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd ,/eam] ,havel4 7,f a photograph ( ! /eam%ip 9 ,h&r5 ,rob9s's ,erie ,bas9 ,dry ,docks1 ,brooklyn47 ,9 #ahfe ,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,s4 ,amazon 0 f\nd to fall %ort ( h] design$ spe$ by ne>ly a knot1 al?\gh ! indicat$ horse-p[] 0 9 excess ( ! requirem5ts4 ,) a f\r-blad$ ,mang9 propell]1 #ab feet #f in*es pit*1 x took #a1idj ,i4 ,h4-,p4 to drive ! vessel #ab knots4 ,a two-blad$ ,griffi?'s screw ( #ac feet #i in*es pit* 0 sub/itut$1 :5 #ab4d knots 7 obta9$ ) only #a1ffd ,i4 ,h4-,p4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable case 0 t ( ,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,s4 ,iris1 :i* _h be5 design$ = a spe$ ( #ag-a_/b knots1 b on h] fir/ trial trip1 al?\gh ! #g1jjj ,i4 ,h4-,p4 0 exce$$1 ! spe$ 0 only #af4eh knots4 ,a s]ies ( trials 0 !n ent]$ ^u to f9d out ! cause ( ?is defici5cy1 ) ! result t ! screws 7 discov]$ to be too l>ge2 o!rs ( #b feet #c in*es less diamet] 7 sub/itut$1 :5 a spe$ ( #ah4eg knots 0 atta9$ ) ! same ,i4 ,h4-,p4 ,simil> in/ances c\ld be adduc$1 if necess>y1 to %[ h[ comp>atively slight *anges 9 ! propell] c produce m>k$ improvem5ts 9 spe$4 ,x has already be5 %[n t ! frictional resi/ance ( ! sk9 ( ! %ip is v great1 & g5]ally speak+1 9 fa/ /eam]s1 is by f> ! l>ge/ portion ( ! :ole resi/ance4 ,x necess>ily foll[s1 !re=e1 t = high spe$ x is ess5tial t ! subm]g$ portion %all be z smoo? z possible2 & to t end %ips are coat$ ) enamel pa9ts :i*1 :5 dry1 are p]fectly smoo? & glassy1 or rema9 9 a smoo?1 slimy condition4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 rema9 long 9 ?is /ate1 z ! action ( sea-wat] de/roys !m1 & ev5 ! be/ ( ^! compositions admits1 at times1 ( m>9e plant gr[?1 & sometimes b>nacles4 ,! effect ( a coat+ ( we$ is v s]i\s inde$2 ! resi/ance induc$ !reby be+ great] ?an if ! vessel 7 r\gh1 f ! fact t ea* filam5t ( we$ has to be t[$ ?r\gh ! wat]1 & ! total surface !reby expos$ may be two or ?ree times t ( ! %ip h]self4 ,x is a s\nd economy 9 any vessel to keep ! bottom p]fectly clean & smoo?1 b 9 ! case ( high-spe$ /eam]s x is absolutely ess5tial1 inasmu* z a v mod]ate am\nt ( f\lness w r$uce _! spe$ by #b or #c knots4 ,! introduction ( ,siem5s-,m>t9 /eel1 ab\t ! ye> #ahge1 & its cont9u$ & ext5d$ use s9ce1 h h[ev] be5 really ! means ( r5d]+ possible ! con/ruction ( /eam%ips ( all sizes ) high rates ( spe$ n[ s common1 & are und\bt$ly ! means :]eby ^? %ips c be s economically built & work$ z to pay z comm]cial v5tures4 ,! con/ruction ( _! hulls ) a mat]ial fifty p] c5t4 /rong] ?an iron has r5d]$ x possible to make su* appreciable decrease 9 weight z to admit ( f9+ _! l9es suitably = high spe$ )\t sacrific+ c>ry+ capacity4 ,) ?is same /eel1 boil]s c be con/ruct$ = a pressure ( #aej p\nds p] squ>e in* )\t weigh+ v mu* m ?an iron ones = #ge p\nds4 ,by us+ /eel = ca/+s1 =g+s1 etc41 ! weight ( ! ma*9]y has be5 r$uc$ f #e hundr$weight to #b hundr$weight p] ,i4 ,h4-,p41 & :5 =c$ draught is employ$ x is z l[ z #a4f hundr$weight p] ,i4 ,h4-,p4 = l>ge p[]s1 & less /ill = su* eng9es z are us$ 9 torp$o boats & cat*]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,rec5t ,naval ,eng9e4 7,made by ,e>le's ,%ipbuild+ ,company1 ,hull1 ,engl&1 = tw9-screw fa/ cruis] = ! ,briti% ,navy1 ( #i1jjj ,i4 ,h4-,p47 ,x has already be5 rem>k$ t ! consumption ( coal1 :i* ent]s z a mo/ important factor into ! "q ( high spe$1 bo? f ! weight & co/1 _h be5 r$uc$1 by ! introduction ( ! comp\nd eng9e1 f #d p\nds to #b-a_/b p\nds p] ,i4 ,h4-,p41 & latt]ly1 z t eng9e 0 improv$ & high] pressures us$1 ! consumption 0 fur!r r$uc$ to #b p\nds1 & 9 "s cases z l[ z #a-c_/d p\nd p] ,i4 ,h4-,p4 ,! triple expansion eng9e1 develop$ )9 ! pa/ eight ye>s1 & lat] ! quadruple expansion1 h effect$ a /ill fur!r sav+1 until ) !m & su* o!r means z are n[ employ$1 ! consumption is "u #a-a_/b p\nd ( coal p] ,i4 ,h4-,p4 ,! success ( ! locomotive 0 v que/ionable until ! exhau/ /eam 0 turn$ into ! *imney s z to create a rapid draught1 & ! /eam-bla/ to-day enables ! locomotive to travel at its great spe$ by caus+ ! comp>atively small boil] to g5]ate su* a l>ge am\nt ( /eam4 ,:5 ?is =m ( boil] 0 tri$ on bo>d %ip its p[] w\ld h be5 v mu* crippl$ _h n "s o!r means be5 adopt$ = =c+ ! draught1 z ! /eam c\ld n 9 ?is case be all[$ to escape ?r\gh ! funnel1 b mu/ be cond5s$ into wat] = ! use ( ! boil]4 ,by clos+ ! /oke-hole & =c+ into x by me*anical means a pl5tiful supply ( air1 ?is boil] 0 made to be z effici5t = a torp$o boat z = a locomotive4 ,?is =c$ draught has n[ be5 adopt$ on l>ge %ips1 & to-day ! v high spe$ ( naval vessels1 & ( _m m]cantile /eam]s1 is due to x4 ,consequ5tly1 ) ! same weight ( ma*9]y1 high] p[]s are develop$ ) a correspond+ increase 9 spe$1 & ! cruis] ,piemonte1 con/ruct$ by ,sir ,william ,arm/rong ,co41 ( :i* an illu/ration is %[n on p4 #ia1 _h h] spe$ increas$ by means ( =c$ draught f #bj knots to #bb4c knots1 at :i* spe$ %e 0 go+ :5 ! picture 0 tak54 ,mr4 ,james ,h[d5 pat5t$ a =c$ draught process by :i* ! incom+ air is w>m$ by ! heat 7:i* w\ld o!rwise be wa/$7 9 ! uptakes & funnels1 & !n conduct$ direct to ! furnaces2 & he claims by ?is to be able to d ) /ill small] boil]s1 besides avoid+ ! dang] to ! tubes n[ sometimes exp]i5c$ 9 w> %ips ) clos$ /oke-holes4 ,illu/ration3 ,italian ,cruis] ,piemonte at ,full ,spe$--#bb4c knots#be-c_/d miles p] h\r4 ,b !re /ill rema9s ! problem ( h[ to fe$ ! furnaces by me*anical me?ods1 s z to save ! v l>ge /aff n[ requir$ 9 ! boil]-room ( our l>ge /eam%ips4 ,s f> all means hi!rto adopt$ ) success on %ore h prov$ failures at sea1 & at pres5t !re is no reason to suppose t any "o ( !m c be s adapt$ z to prove g5]ally effici5t = s]vice4 ,x is necess>y = su* a purpose t ! ge> c g cont9u\sly = _m days1 & ! coal be small & tol]ably uni=m1 & ! supply regul>4 ,su* coal is n conv5i5t = pass5g] %ips1 & if ! dem& = ! pres5t supply ( small coal 7 increas$ ! price w\ld preclude its use4 ,"s success1 h[ev]1 has be5 a*iev$ 9 sav+ labor 9 ! /oke-hole1 & ! mo/ noticeable inv5tion to ?is end is t ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,h5d]son1 ^: n[ well-kn[n self-clean+ fire-b>s d away ) ! necessity = ! firem5 rak+ ! fires out to remove ! cl9k]s :i* adh]e to ! grates & ob/ruct ! air-passages4 ,by means ( ?is app>atus1 ! alt]nate b>s hav+ a v slight movem5t1 ! coal gradually travels to ! back end ( ! grate toge!r ) ! cl9k]1 :i* latt] is ev5tually deposit$ beh9d ! bridges4 ,?us n only is consid]able labor sav$1 b ! fires are always 9 su* good condition t ! full pressure ( /eam is ma9ta9$1 & s a bett] spe$ kept up by ! vessel h]self4 ,on %ore ! t5d5cy is to sub/itute gas = solid fuel1 or to use ! coke result+ f gas manufacture4 ,t some?+ ( ! same k9d might be done on %ipbo>d is possible1 al?\gh n at pres5t probable4 ,! high] effici5cy ( ! coal :5 treat$ 9 ?is way w\ld enable /ill m p[] to be obta9$ f a p\nd ( x1 & !re w\ld be sav+s 9 o!r ways ( a b5eficial nature4 ,!n1 aga91 if petroleum1 or o!r liquid ( a simil> nature1 c\ld be obta9$ at a fairly l[ price1 x might be us$ on %ipbo>d2 & z x has a heat+ p[] tw5ty-five p] c5t4 high] ?an ! be/ coal1 & fifty p] c5t4 high] ?an "s ( ! commone/ k9ds weight = weight1 ! sub/itution ( x w\ld be a means ( obta9+ bett] spe$4 ,b x is always a "q ( cui bono1 & :5 x is tak5 into consid]ation t ! voyage betwe5 ,s&y ,hook & ,que5/[n is n[ done 9 #adj h\rs1 & to d ! di/ance 9 #e days w\ld require a spe$ ( ne>ly #bc-a_/b knots1 ) an increase 9 p[] ( sixty-two p] c5t41 & 9 fuel consumption ( ?irty-eight p] c5t41 ! cry mu/ be reg>d$ z a v f> "o at pres5t4 ,at ! same "t x is n desirable to believe t !re is n[ f9ality 9 ! spe$ ( /eam%ips1 al?\gh by analogy ) railway tra9s t conclusion might be arriv$ at4 ,footnotes3 #aj ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n an absolute te/ ( ! f95ess ( ! wat]-l9es ( a vessel1 & x c only be us$ z su* on ! assumption t ! mid%ip sections ( %ips are ( simil> =m4 ,! be/ te/ ( ! f95ess ( wat]-l9es is made by tak+ ! displacem5t z a p]c5tage ( ! prism ^: l5g? is t ( ! %ip & ^: section is ! same z ! mid%ip section ( a %ip1 assum+1 h[ev]1 t ! mid%ip section ( all %ips is approximately t f\nd 9 g5]al practice to-day2 9 speak+ ( coeffici5ts x w mean ! p]c5tage ( ! rectangul> block above nam$4 #aa ,m ?an ?irty ye>s ago ?is matt] _h be5 obs]v$ by ! (fic]s ( ! ,briti% navy1 & exp]im5ts 7 ord]$ to be tri$ ) ,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,s4 ,fly+ ,fi%1 a #a1ajj-ton cruis]1 h] l5g? be+ #bjj feet1 bread? #cj feet #d in*es1 & h] draft ( wat] #aj feet #f in*es =w>d & #ac feet aft4 ,) #a1bij ,i4 ,h4-,p4 h] spe$ 0 only #aa4fd knots1 :]eas ) #egg ,i4 ,h4-,p4 x 0 #i4ibc knots1 & a spe$ ( #aa4bja 0 obta9$ ) b #hgh ,i4 ,h4-,p4 ,a false b[ #ah feet long 0 !n fitt$1 s z to give f9] l9es =w>d1 or1 z sailors describe x1 8a bett] entrance10 :5 x 0 f\nd t ) #a1bhe ,i4 ,h4-,p4 a spe$ ( #ab-a_/b knots 0 atta9$1 & ) #a1cde v ne>ly #ab-c_/d knots4 ,!re is also e reason to suppose t c\ld ! /]n h be5 alt]$ 9 a simil> way1 ! spe$ w\ld h be5 /ill high]1 9 spite ( ! %ip be+ l>g] & ) a consequ5t increase ( imm]s$ surface to cause resi/ance4 ,x has1 besides1 be5 obs]v$ on _m occasions t :5 /eam]s h be5 cut 9 two & l5g!n$ !re has be5 no dim9ution ( ! spe$1 b1 on ! contr>y1 9 "s cases !re has actually be5 a ga92 s t 9 ^! two in/ances !re is an app>5t anomaly1 viz41 t ) ! same p[] ! l>g] %ip is propell$ at a quick] spe$4 ,! late ,dr4 ,fr\de inve/igat$ ?is matt] "s ye>s ago1 & %[$ t su* results 7 q possible1 indep5d5tly ( any f9+ ( ! l9es1 ow+ to ! effect on ! %ip ( ! waves set up :5 9 motion4 ,"o v curi\s illu/ration ( h[ su* waves may s]i\sly affect a vessel is 9 t ( a ya*t built _m ye>s ago by an em95t firm on ! ,clyde1 :i* fail$ to come any:]e ne> ! p]=mances gu>ante$ ow+ to ! fact t z ! spe$ increas$ ! holl[ foll[+ ! wave =m$ at ! b[ increas$ & approa*$ ne>] & ne>] to ! paddle-:eels1 until ! wat] dropp$ bel[ ! floats & all[$ ! :eels to sp9 9 ! air2 ! propell+ effect 0 ?us entirely lo/ until ! vessel sl[$ d[n suffici5tly = ! wat] to rise aga9 to ! level ( ! paddle-:eels4 ,su* a ?+ c\ld sc>cely happ5 ) a screw /eam]2 b ! v bad /e]+ qualities ( c]ta9 naval %ips is due to ! fact t ! inru% ( wat] at ! /]n causes curr5ts to fl[ ) ! %ip1 & !re=e to produce q diff]5t results ) ! rudd] f ^? :i* g5]ally obta94 #ab ,a nautical mile is #f1jhj feet1 ! l& mile be+ #e1bhj feet4 ,! knot is a measure ( rate ( spe$ p] h\r4 ,a vessel makes #bj knots :5 %e is travell+ at ! rate ( #bj nautical miles p] h\r4 #ac ,! dim5sions1 spe$1 etc41 ( ! /eam]s "h ref]r$ to1 z well z o!r repres5tative /eam]s f #ahcf to #ahij1 are %[n 9 ! table on page #gh4 #ad ,9 ! case ( riv] /eam]s ( mod]ate size !re is n ! same re/riction on ! position ( ! :eel1 & z a matt] ( fact1 z 9 ! case ( /]n-:eel]s1 x is altoge!r at "o end4 #ae ,x is n[ claim$ = ! tw9-screw %ip t %e is n only capable ( ent]+ %all[] h>bors1 b t %e is 9 e way mu* saf]1 & x is mo/ un=tunate t1 ow+ to an act ( c>elessness1 ?is 0 n conclusively %[n 9 ! rec5t accid5t to ! ,city ( ,p>is4 ,b !re is safety 9 ! tw9-screw beyond t :i* is r5d]$ possible1 z 9 ! cases ( ! ,city ( ,p>is & ,maje/ic1 by ! division ( ! eng9e-rooms1 viz41 ! fact t if "o eng9e breaks d[n x is improbable t ! o!r w\ld d s at ! same "t1 & t ! vessel1 al?\gh some:at crippl$ 9 spe$1 w\ld /ill be able to pursue h] voyage2 also1 t 9 ! ev5t ( accid5t to ! /e]+ app>atus ! passage c\ld be cont9u$ & ! direction ( ! %ip guid$ by regulat+ ) "o or bo? ( ! eng9es4 ,ea* ( ^! features is pron\nc$1 & ! advantages h be5 prov$ on _m occasions4 ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,an 8,,ocean ,,greyh\nd40 ,,by ,,william ,h4 ,,ride+4 ,,! ,,co/ ,,( ,,an ,,ocean ,,rac]--,,intricate 8,,f9anc+0 ,,( ,,su* ,,an ,,und]tak+--,,! ,,contract ,,) ,,! ,,%ip-,,build]s--,,! ,,unc]ta9 ,,elem5t ,,9 ,,design+--,,great ,,%ip ,,y>ds ,,along ,,! ,,clyde--,,! ,,plans ,,( ,a ,,/eam] ,,on ,,pap]--,,enl>gem5t ,,( ,,plans ,,9 ,,! 8,,m\ld ,,l(t0--,,:at ,,is ,,meant ,,by 8,,fair+ ,,! ,,%ip0--,,! 8,,scrive ,,bo>d0--,,lay+ ,,d[n ,,! ,,keel--,,mak+ ,,! ,,huge ,,ribs--,,:5 ,a ,,%ip ,,is 8,,9 ,,frame0--,,%ap+ ,,& ,,trimm+ ,,! ,,plates--,,rivet+ ,,& ,,caulk+--,,ready ,,= ,,laun*+--,,! ,,great 8,,plant0 ,,:i* ,,is ,,necess>y ,,= ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,a ,,%ip--,,description ,,( ,a ,,typical ,,y>d--,,works ,,cov]+ ,,sev5ty-,,f\r ,,acres--,,:]e ,,! ,,%aft ,,is ,,=g$--,,! ,,la!s ,,at ,,"w--,,! ,,adju/m5t ,,( ,,p>ts--,,sev5 ,,?\s& ,,workm54 ,i4 ,z (t5 z ! 8record is brok510 & ! ,atlantic voyage is r$uc$ by "s unprec$5t$ly fa/ passage1 we may be sure t !re is a flutt] 9 ! (fices ( ! rival l9es :i* h ?us be5 left beh9d4 ,betwe5 ! ,cun>d1 ! ,guion1 ! ,inman1 & ! ,:ite ,/> l9es !re has be5 a con/ant race = supremacy1 n[ "o1 & !n ! o!r1 tak+ ! fir/ place4 ,no %ip has be5 all[$ to keep ! lead = m ?an a ye> or two4 ,:5 sixte5 knots h be5 develop$ by "o l9e1 sev5te5 knots h be5 aim$ at by ano!r1 & ! %ip ( t spe$ is no long] a wond]4 ,s :5 we read 9 ! newspap]s ( ! 8fa/e/ passage0 we may take x = grant$ t x is no soon] he>d ( 9 ,liv]pool ?an ! manag]s ( ! l9es mom5t>ily surpass$ are prep>+ to beat x4 ,if ! triumph belongs to ! ,cun>d l9e1 at ! v next meet+ ( ! directors ( ! ,:ite ,/> & ,inman l9es x w be discuss$1 & ?\gh an ord] = ano!r %ip may n be giv5 !re & !n1 x is sure to foll[4 ,an ord] = a new %ip ( ! class requir$ to compete 9 ! mod]n pass5g] s]vice ( ! ,atlantic is n by any means a matt] to be det]m9$ on )\t grave consid]ation4 ,spe$ is co/ly1 & z y increase x x is g5]ally necess>y to also increase ! tonnage4 ,?us if ! problem be=e y is to beat ! record ( a sev5-?\s&-ton %ip1 :i* has develop$ eighte5 knots ) eng9es ( twelve ?\s& five hundr$ horse-p[]1 y mu/ 7pr9cipally = economic reasons7 h a l>g] hull z well z m p[]ful eng9es = y\r compet+ vessel4 ,?is =ces ^u y\r consid]ation tides1 *annels1 h>bor-b>s1 & dock accommodations1 all ( :i* impose limitations ^u y4 ,& !n ! co/ ( ! %ip h]self is n a matt] :i* ev5 ! weal?ie/ ( corporations c provide = at a mom5t's notice3 x is n "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s1 or five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s t ! "w calls =1 b ab\t five times ! latt] sum1 = x is safe to say t a vessel sup]ior to ! ,city ( ,new ,york or ! ,etruria c\ld n be built = less ?an two million & a half ( doll>s4 ,! 8f9anc+0 ( su* an und]tak+ requires "t3 !re are long consultations betwe5 ! directors1 bank]s1 & %ip-build]s4 ,if we c\ld foll[ ! /eps ( ! g5tleman to :om ^! negotiations are intru/$1 we might see him fly+ (f f ,liv]pool = ,eu/on3 closet$ 9 a private (fice d[n 9 ,lomb>d ,/reet or ,cornhill ) "s capitali/s :o are expect$ to contribute to ! necess>y funds2 aga91 aft] d9n]1 engag$ 9 argum5t ) ^! same capitali/s 9 a ,we/ ,end mansion to :i* !y h adj\rn$1 & !n rac+ (f 9 ! prec>i\s hansom cab to cat* ! night tra9 f ,k+'s ,cross = ,glasg[4 ,sometimes ! %ip-build]s are will+ to become "p own]s ( ! project$ vessel2 sometimes !y take z "p paym5t = ! "w "s old] vessels ( ! l9e1 :i* !y refit1 re-eng9e1 mod]nize1 & sell aga94 ,! ability ( ! build]s to make an arrangem5t ( ?is k9d1 ( c\rse1 influ5ces ! plac+ ( ! contract1 9 a measure1 b !y mu/ also be able to give c]ta9 gu>antees4 ,!y mu/ ent] into an engagem5t t ! project$ %ip %all be able to c>ry s _m pass5g]s & s _m tons ( c>go1 & to atta9 a specifi$ spe$ on a giv5 consumption ( coal p] day4 ,let u say1 = in/ance1 t ! /ipulations are ^!3 ,accommodations = #fjj saloon pass5g]s1 #aej int]m$iate pass5g]s1 & #a1ejj /e]age pass5g]s2 regi/]$ tonnage1 #f1jjj1 spe$1 #ai knots on a consumption ( #cjj tons p] day4 ,if ! %ip fails to fulfil ^! conditions ! build]s agree to =feit a "p ( ! am\nt !y w\ld o!rwise receive = h]1 or !y may be compell$ to take h] back altoge!r4 ,?is 0 ! case ) ! ,city ( ,rome1 :i* 0 built = ! ,inman l9e by ! ,b>r[ ,%ip-build+ ,company4 ,a beautiful %ip 9 e way2 ( exquisite model2 fitt$ ) a degree ( luxury unsurpass$ at ! "t %e 0 laun*$1 %e prov$ to h nei!r ! spe$ nor ! c>ry+ capacity :i* _h be5 gu>ante$1 & ! ,inman l9e refus$ to accept h]4 ,9 a v few in/ances only are su* gu>antees omitt$ f ! contract4 ,n[1 %ip-build+ is n an exact sci5ce1 & ! close/ calculations are (t5 upset 9 ! result by un=ese5 & inexplicable causes4 ,x c nev] be said ) absolute c]ta9ty j :at spe$ a %ip w atta91 or exactly :at quantity ( c>go %e w c>ry4 ,! mo/ +5i\s & pati5t ( exp]im5ts h n yet succe$$ 9 elim9at+ ! my/]i\s v>iability ( result :i* ! %ip-build] f9ds1 h[ev] closely he repeats 8 well-def9$ =mulas4 ,two %ips1 l ! ,umbria & ! ,etruria1 may be built side by side1 ( id5tical mat]ials1 l9es1 & dim5sions2 eng9es1 boil]s1 & propell]s may be ! same1 yet "o w turn out to be a knot or two fa/] ?an ! o!r1 & nei!r ! design] nor ! build] is able to say :y4 ,x is app>5t1 !n1 t 9 gu>antee+ an exceptionally high rate ( spe$ ! build] assumes no little risk4 ,! design+ ( a fa/ %ip is inde$ m ( an art ?an a sci5ce1 & ea* design] proce$s on a !ory m or less 8 own4 ,if ! read] has an opportunity to comp>e models ( ! ,s]via1 ! ,alaska1 & ! ,city ( ,rome1 ?ree %ips built at ! same "t1 ea* int5d$ to rival ! o!rs1 he w see by ! v>y+ proportions ( l5g? or bread?1 & by o!r contra/s1 h[ ! op9ions ( ! ar*itects h diff]$ z to ! be/ l9es = obta9+ spe$4 ,true1 x is n possible to ignore =mulas altoge!r1 b ! design]'s intuitions or inspirations are n less s]viceable to him ?an 8 te*nical k4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,umbria j be=e ,laun*+4 ,we w suppose1 h[ev]1 t ! design] sees 8 way to build su* a %ip z ! specifications submitt$ to him call =1 & t ! contract is aw>d$ to him1 or to ! firm he repres5ts4 ,! %ip is n[ t5tatively on pap]1 ?\gh h] ess5tial features are well def9$1 & ! next /ep takes u to ,glasg[ & ! ,clyde4 ,,ii4 ,if 9 cross+ ! ,atlantic = ! fir/ "t y *oose ,glasg[ = y\r port ( disemb>kation1 ! sail up ! ,fir? ( ! ,clyde & ! riv] is likely to be full ( agreeable & memorable surprises4 ,! beauties ( t r\te are n adv]tis$1 & "o he>s s little ( !m 9 advance t !y ga9 impressiv5ess f ! abs5ce ( expectation4 ,! ,fir? itself is l a great ,fjord1 a l&-lock$ bay holl[$ betwe5 hills & crags1 among :i* vapory cl\ds are always %ift+1 & its deep salt wat]s are pl\gh$ by fleets ( vessels ( e class1 & especially by ya*ts1 sea-go+ /eam]s1 & ! mo/ raki%-look+ excursion boats 9 ! _w2 x is n unlike ! ,hudson above ,peekskill1 ?\gh mu* wid]2 ! r\nd$ hills h ! same s(t & civiliz$ outl9es1 & ! same appe>ance ( reclamation = man's use & delectation2 mod]n villas cr[n _! heights & wat]+-places clu/] at _! feet4 ,j bel[ ,gre5ock ! passage n>r[s1 & above t we ent] ! riv]1 :i*1 ?\gh n beautiful1 is m ( a surprise ?an ev5 ! ,fir?4 ,x me&]s ?r\gh fields1 & f ! t[]+ deck ^u :i* we /& we look d[n ^u pl\ghm5 at "w1 cattle graz+1 & snug f>m-h\ses4 ,s n>r[ is ! /ream1 & s l[ are ! banks1 t ! big /eam] seems curi\sly out ( place4 ,h[1 "o asks1 has ,glasg[ ev] prosp]$ ) s small a riv] z its only outlet to ! sea8 ,we h ?\ght ( ! ,clyde z a wide & capaci\s /ream l ! ,m]sey opposite ,birk5head1 or ! ,hudson opposite ,new ,york2 b1 in/ead1 x is sc>cely z wide z ! ,ea/ ,riv] at ,brooklyn1 & !re are rea*es :]e two l>ge vessels h no room to sp>e 9 pass+ ea* o!r4 ,su* z x is1 all sorts ( dr$g+ op]ations are necess>y to keep x op51 & x has be5 said to be z mu* an artificial *annel z ! ,suez ,canal4 ,! fir/ /eamboat to navigate x 0 ! ,comet1 9 #ahab1 & ?\gh %e drew b f\r feet ( wat] %e c\ld leave ,glasg[ only on ! flood tide4 ,ev5 !n %e sometimes ran agr\nd1 & h] pass5g]s _h to wade or swim a%ore1 or wait twelve h\rs = ! next tide4 ,its dep? is ample n[1 h[ev]1 & x is ! bread? t a/oni%es u3 x seems z ?\gh a v5turesome jump] might easily spr+ f ! deck to ei!r bank4 ,! f>ms are alt]nat$ by %ipy>ds 9 :i* ! hulls ( %ips 9 v>i\s /ages ( con/ruction loom up1 ) ant-l specks ( humanity sw>m+ ^u !m4 ,"s ( !m are ne>ly twice z long z ! riv] is wide1 & x puzzles ! /rang] to say h[ !y c be laun*$1 until someone1 wis] ?an he is1 tells him t !y slide into ! /ream obliquely & ?us ov]come ! difficulty4 ,ne>ly all ! /eam]s t h e>n$ fame 9 ! ,atlantic trade h be5 built & eng9$ at "o or ! o!r ( ^! %ip-y>ds1 f ! fir/ ,cun>d] to ! ,city ( ,p>is2 ! ,cun>d1 ,inman1 ,guion1 & ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd l9es h come to ?is little riv] = _! %ips4 ,& z we approa* ,glasg[1 burr[+ into ! d>k t envelops ! t[n1 x becomes n>r[] /ill1 & )9 ! limits ( ! port is no?+ m ?an a long canal ) %ips huddl$ toge!r along ! banks4 ,! ,clyde is1 9 fact1 l "o ( ^? h]oic p]sonages :o triumph ov] natural disadvantages :i* to ! common m9d are insup]able1 & its inf]iority 9 dep? & bread? has be5 c\nt]balanc$ by excell5ces 9 o!r directions4 ,9 ! fir/ place ,glasg[ is ! natural outlet ( a great m9]al field1 s t aft] iron & /eel became ! pr9cipal mat]ials ( ! %ip-build]1 he c\ld f9d !m on ! banks ( ! little riv] unburd5$ by ! increas$ price ask$ = !m :5 x has be5 necess>y to c>ry !m long di/ances4 ,9 ! second place ! ,clyde 0 ! sc5e ( ! e>lie/ attempts at /eam navigation 9 ,great ,brita91 by ,mill]1 ,sym+ton1 & ,bell1 & desc5d+ f !m ! g5ius ( %ip-build+ has become h]$it>y ) ! inhabitants ( ! t[n4 8,practice makes p]fect10 & ! %ip-build]s ( ,glasg[ h m practice ?an any p ( _! craft 9 ! k+dom4 ,9 #ahhf =ty-five vessels 7 built at ,london1 measur+ #c1fif tons2 sixte5 vessels at ,liv]pool1 measur+ #ah1bfh tons1 & on ! ,tyne1 fifty vessels1 measur+ #di1fda tons4 ,on ! ,clyde1 dur+ ! same p]iod1 "o hundr$ & fifty-"o vessels 7 built1 measur+ #ace1fei tons--ne>ly d\ble ! "w done by all ! o!r %ip-y>ds comb9$4 ,?us1 :5 aft] v>i\s conclaves & ! discussion ( ways & means1 ! directors decide to put a new vessel on _! l9e1 ! ord] is pretty sure to g to ,glasg[4 ,,iii4 ,we h assum$ ! "w ( ! naval ar*itect to be complete2 all ! specifications h be5 made out1 & e "p ( ! prospective %ip has be5 drawn on pap]4 ,!re are ?ree plans3 a 8%e] plan10 %[+ all l9es ( l5g? & height f /em to /]n2 a 8half-bread? plan10 %[+ ! l9es ( l5g? & bread?1 or1 9 o!r words1 ^? l9es :i* w\ld be visible 9 look+ d[n ^u h] decks f an elevation2 & a 8body plan10 :i* %[s all l9es ( bread? & height1 & repres5ts ! %ip look$ at 8end on40 ,^! are call$ ! 8con/ruction draw+s10 & ) !m 9 8 h& ! %ip-build] c see 9 8 m9d's eyes ! vessel z %e w appe> :5 built4 ,he does n "w directly f ^!1 h[ev]4 ,!y are c>ri$ up into ! 8m\ld l(t10 ! floor ( :i* repres5ts an enorm\s blackbo>d1 & ^u ?is !y are reproduc$ to correspond ) ! exact dim5sions ( ! %ip4 ,a foot is scal$ d[n on ! pap] to a qu>t] ( an in*1 b 9 ! m\ld l(t a foot is a foot1 & plate1 gird]1 & rib are drawn to _! full size4 ,?is enl>gem5t leads to ! detection ( errors :i* are n app>5t 9 ! r$uc$ draw+s1 & :i* mu/ be elim9at$4 ,/raight l9es are made ) *alk by cords & rules1 & curves by b5d+ la?s into ! desir$ position & !n trac+ ! sweep ^u ! floor4 ,e measurem5t has to be v]ifi$ & *eck$1 & 8fair+ ! %ip10 z ?is "w is call$1 may take six or sev5 weeks4 ,all errors hav+ be5 correct$1 /ill ano!r draw+ is made on a 8scrive bo>d10 & 9 ?is ! l9es1 full-siz$1 are sunk 9 ! wood s t !y _c be rubb$ out4 ,! 8scrive bo>d0 is ! plan f :i* ! %ip-build] works1 & :5 x is complete ! actual con/ruction ( ! %ip is begun4 ,illu/ration3 ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,frames ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york--,june #be1 #ahhg4 ,! keel is laid d[n on blocks1 f\r or five feet ap>t1 :i* =m a slope t[>d ! wat]1 s t ! hull may glide d[n easily :5 ! "t = laun*+ comes4 ,x is n a keel at all1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w 0 =m]ly us$3 a mod]n %ip has a smoo? bottom1 )\t any project+ ridge or break to ! curve ( h] sides2 x is simply ! c5tral s]ies ( plates1 f :i* an inn] keel is built up l an enorm\s backbone1 & to ?is ! ribs are atta*$4 ,! metal is deliv]$ at ! y>d 9 ! %ape ( angle iron or angle /eel1 ! latt] be+ ! mat]ial :i* w\ld be us$ 9 a %ip ( ! class we h 9 m9d4 ,heat$ to a :ite heat1 ! angle-b>s are drawn out ( ! furnace into a p]fectly level iron floor1 ^u :i* !y are b5t to ! ne$$ curve1 & t :i* has be5 a l9e ( ink 9 ! orig9al draw+1 a *alk m>k on ! floor ( ! m\ld l(t1 & a groove 9 ! surface ( ! 8scrive bo>d10 is n[ embodi$ 9 ! heavy rib ( ! %ip4 ,! b5d+ is done ?us3 ! metal floor is p]=at$ ) ?\s&s ( holes1 into :i* iron pegs are ins]t$ until !y =m ! curvature requir$1 & ! long1 pliable b> ( /eel is press$ aga9/ !m until x corresponds exactly ) ! l9e exhibit$ 9 ! 8scrive bo>d10 :i* is always 9 sight ( ! workm5 = guidance & comp>ison4 ,9 h&l+ ! metal ! m5 use pit*=ks1 & ) ! prongs ins]t$ 9 ! holes !y get pur*ase en\gh to make ! b> yield2 if x b5ds upw>d a hamm] is us$ ^u x4 ,ea* rib has1 ( c\rse1 to be duplicat$ ) ! utmo/ precision1 9 ord] t x %all be ! same on bo? sides ( ! %ip1 & ea*1 aft] x has cool$1 is laid ^u ! 8scrive bo>d0 & comp>$ ) ! l9es !reon1 e v>iation be+ correct$ be=e x is pass$4 ,hav+ already be5 pun*$ = rivets1 x is !n m>k$ ) a *isel to %[ :]e rib-b&s1 /r+]s1 & deck-beams are to fit into x4 ,two or ?ree mon?s or less aft] ! completion ( ! 8fair+10 ! %ip is probably 89 frame10 & looks l ! skeleton ( "s ,brobdignagian mon/] t has /r&$ on ! bank ( ! riv]4 ,! ribs h be5 hoi/$ into position at "r angles ) ! keel1 & /rung toge!r by 8rib-b&s10 & already !re are signs ( ! com+ subdivision by decks & bulkheads ( ! holl[ space )94 ,y c /ill see ?r\gh h]1 h[ev]2 %e is l1 to make yet ano!r comp>ison1 a great oblong wick]-basket1 ! supple will[s be+ repres5t$ by ! net-"w ( /eel4 ,! next /ep is ! clo?+ ( ! ribs ) plates4 ,z !y rea* ! y>d ! plates are squ>e & flat1 b !y are pass$ ?r\gh roll]s ( v>i\s k9ds1 f :i* !y issue 9 any %ape desir$--holl[$ l a spoon1 curv$ l5g?wise or bread?wise or diagonally1 z ! cont\r ( ! %ip may call =4 ,a /eam or hydraulic plane smoo?s !m d[n z ?\gh !y 7 ! s(te/ ( :itewood2 ano!r ma*9e trims ! edges z easily z a woman cuts silk ) a pair ( scissors4 ,!n1 susp5d$ by iron *a9s1 !y are ?ru/ betwe5 ! jaws ( a pun*+ ma*9e1 :i* has a resemblance to a s9i/] human face ) a flat nose1 a long upp] lip1 & a small *94 ,! jaws close ^u !m & bite out1 t5 at a "t1 ! holes = ! rivets by :i* !y are to be fa/5$ to ! frame4 ,z !y are hoi/$ up to ! workm51 ea* fits ! exact place design$ = x & takes its "p 9 ! s(tly swell+ l9es ( ! %ip4 ,!y are put on 9 r[s1 or1 z r[s are te*nically call$ 9 ?is connection1 8/rakes10 :i* are lett]$ alphabetically1 ,a be+ ! r[ rivet$ to ! keel4 ,! upp] edge ( ,a ov]laps ! l[] edge ( ,b1 & ! l[] edge ( ,c ov]laps ! upp] edge ( ,b1 & ?us :ile "o r[ ( plates l ,b has bo? edges hidd51 ! r[ above x has bo? edges expos$1 :i* m9imizes resi/ance to ! progress ( ! %ip4 ,we all "k :at caulk+ a wood5 vessel is--! w$g+ ( all seams betwe5 ! planks ) oakum & t>4 ,an iron or /eel %ip is also caulk$1 b 9 h] case ! ^w has a diff]5t mean+4 ,! %>p edges ( ! plates are m]ely turn$ 9 ) a *isel1 & !y meet s closely t no ins]tion is necess>y to exclude ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,frames ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 look+ aft--,july #ai1 #ahhg4 ,fir/ held 9 place by bolts & nuts1 ! plates are f9ally secur$ by ! rivets1 ! holes = :i* h previ\sly be5 c\nt]sunk by ma*9]y1 s t !re are no protub]ances4 ,! rivets g "r ?r\gh1 & h d\ble heads3 millions ( !m are us$1 & e "o ( !m is exam9$ & *eck$ be=e ! "w is pass$ z satisfactory4 ,illu/ration3 ,frames ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 look+ =w>d--,july #ai1 #ahhg4 ,at la/ ! hull is clos$ 91 & hundr$s ( artisans toil ^u x1 inside & out4 ,at ! end ( a ye>1 p]haps1 ! %ip is ready = laun*+1 by :i* "t1 if %e is ( ! same dim5sions z ! ,city ( ,new ,york or ! ,city ( ,p>is1 sev5 ?\s& tons ( mat]ial h be5 plac$ 9 position1 "o ca/+ alone--! /]npo/--weigh+ tw5ty-six tons4 ,%e is a /eel %ip1 b 9 addition to ! metal1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& cubic feet ( timb]1 br\ght f all p>ts ( ! _w1 h be5 us$ 9 h]4 ,f ! cradle 9 :i* %e lies to ! prom5ade deck %e rises to a height ( fifty feet or m1 & %e looks z immovable z a =tress4 ,no?+ is m wond]ful ?an ! laun*+ ( su* a vessel4 ,imm95t p]il seems to att5d ! op]ation2 %e mu/ topple ov]1 ?9ks ! un9itiat$ obs]v]1 or if %e succe$s 9 rea*+ ! wat]1 %e mu/ plunge aga9/ ! opposite bank ( ! n>r[ riv]4 ,b at ! appo9t$ "t %e glides into ! wat] z smoo?ly z an eel1 & once afloat %e is held 9 *eck by cables atta*$ to ! %ore4 ,h] eng9es h got to be put on bo>d1 & fully six mon?s m elapse be=e %e is ready = sea4 ,if %e is complete )9 two ye>s ( ! day ! contract = h] 0 aw>d$1 h] build]s h done well4 ,let u n[ look at ! 8plant0 :i* is necess>y = build+ su* a %ip1 & to see ?is 9 p]fection we w visit ,fairfield1 :i* divides honors ) ! great %ip-y>d ( ,messrs4 ,james ,george ,?omson1 at ,clydebank4 ,,iv4 ,a wond]ful place is ,fairfield4 ,:5 a %ip is tak5 9 h& = con/ruction ! design = ea* & e "p is proce$$ ) simultane\sly4 ,x is n ! keel fir/1 !n ! frames1 !n ! rev]se frames1 !n ! floor+1 & s on1 z x is 9 small] %ip-y>ds4 ,keel1 frames1 floor+ are put 9 h& toge!r1 & ! hull plates are ready be=e ! keel is 9 position4 ,simultane\sly1 too1 ! sawmill is prep>+ ! planks :i* are to cov] ! /eel decks3 ! jo9]s are at "w on ! saloon & cab9s2 ! uphol/]]s are cutt+ & /it*+ ! brocades1 plu%es1 & silks :i* are s freely us$ 9 mod]n ocean /eam]s2 ! *a9-mak] is =g+ ! cables1 & ea* dep>tm5t is busy+ itself ) its own %>e1 consci\s t :at x produces w pres5tly be s\ght to take its place 9 ! rapidly progress+ :ole4 ,h[ rapid ! progress is may be judg$ f ! fact t on ,augu/ #ad1 #ahhe1 ! /eel int5d$ = a ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd /eam] began to ent] ! y>d1 & exactly "o mon? lat] ! %ip 0 9 frame ) keelsons & beams 9 position1 & ! plat+ = ! hull1 roll$ to wat]l9e %ape1 ly+ alongside4 ,! works cov] ne>ly sev5ty-f\r acres1 & lie on ! s\? side ( ! ,clyde1 ab\t ?ree miles f ,glasg[1 ) :i* city !y are connect$ by a cont9u\s *a9 ( docks1 w>eh\ses1 & o!r %ip-y>ds4 ,n v long ago ?is great inclosure 0 arable l& atta*$ to a com=table mansion :i* /ill reta9s a few ve/iges ( its =m] dignity4 ,b n[ ! v]dure has be5 trampl$ d[n & ! face ( ! e>? is hidd5 by pav+-/ones & iron rails4 ,! riv] is inky1 & ! smoke ly+ 9 a br[n fog ov]-head is ev] be+ repl5i%$ f ! high *imneys ( ! neighborhood4 ,! sc5e )9 ! high brick walls :i* keep out idl]s is exhil>at+ b sc>cely picturesque4 ,all ! mat]ials :i* ent] into ! con/ruction ( a mod]n %ip are visible 9 pr(usion4 ,a bird's-eye view reveals great /acks ( timb]1 iron1 & /eel2 a net-"w ( rails :i* connect ! works ) all ! pr9cipal l9es conv]g+ at ,glasg[2 long brick %$s1 & edg+ ! wat]-front ! laun*+-slips1 :]e z _m z fifte5 vessels h be5 9 c\rse ( con/ruction at ! same "t4 ,!re ! great hulls ( _m ( ! mo/ fam\s ,atlantic l9]s h be5 put toge!r2 ?is 0 ! bir?place ( all ! new %ips ( ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd l9e2 ( ! ,arizona1 ! ,alaska1 ! ,oregon1 ! ,umbria1 & ! ,etruria4 ,runn+ at "r angles f ! riv]1 a dock has be5 excavat$1 l>ge en\gh to accommodate a vessel ( twelve ?\s& tons1 & aft] laun*+1 ! /eam]s are haul$ 9 "h to receive _! eng9es & boil]s4 ,imm$iately 9 ! re> ( ! laun*+-slips !re is an enorm\s %$1 ) a ro( ( glass & iron1 :]e all ! iron-"w = ! hulls ( fifte5 %ips has be5 h&l$ at "o "t4 ,)9 x gangs ( workm51 ea* skill$ 9 a specialty1 c>ry on t "p ( ! "w :i* belongs to !m4 ,"s are c>ri]s ( angle /eel or iron1 o!rs receiv]s ( angle iron1 :i* !y place 9 ! furnaces until ! metal is at su* a heat t x c be %ap$ to suit ! wat]-l9es ( ! vessel = :i* x is int5d$4 ,o!rs /ill are busy ) rev]se frames & ) ! b5d+ ( plates2 o!rs ) funnels1 v5tilators1 & skylights4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,manganese ,bronze ,propell]-,blade ( ! ,wreck$ ,/eam] ,mosel1 aft] x _h beat5 ^u a reef4 ,!re is a special dep>tm5t = ! ca/+ ( manganese bronze1 :i* is us$ = ! blades ( propell]s4 ,/&+ aga9/ a wall n f> (f is a blade sav$ f ! propell] ( ! wreck$ /eam] ,mosel4 ,%e ran a%ore on a rocky coa/1 & h] propell] play$ ^u ! reef l a flail ^u a ?re%+-floor )\t break or fracture2 s great is ! /r5g? ( ! bronze t ! only effect ^u x 0 a fea!r+ ( ! edges z reveal$ by ! blade 9 "q4 ,!n we see ! eng9e]+1 =ge1 & patt]n %ops4 ,=g+s ( /eel are made :i* weigh z mu* z ?irty tons1 z 9 ! case ( ! crank-%afts ( ! new ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd /eam]s4 ,a %aft+ ( t weight is lift$ z easily1 & ) z little commotion1 z a b> ( angle iron1 & plac$ on a table to be f9i%$4 ,all ! tools are ( enorm\s size1 & ne>ly all ( !m are adaptations ( ! well-kn[n turn+-la!4 ,ei!r ! tool turns or ! "w turns4 ,a /eam]'s cyl9d]s are bor$ out ) a b>1 ! b> mov+4 ,9 turn+ a ?ru/-%aft ! %aft moves1 n ! tool4 ,9 fac+ a cond5s] ! tool moves1 n ! cond5s]4 ,cutt+1 plan+1 & turn+ are all accompli%$ by modifications ( ! la!4 ,!re are 9 all ne>ly =ty la!s1 v]tical1 horizontal1 & oblique1 ea* gnaw+ at "s vital "p ( a %ip1 & !re--!re is ! 8devil40 ,?is is ! "n giv5 by ! workm5 to an imm5se metallic disk1 ov] sixte5 feet 9 diamet]1 :i* bores ?r\gh solid /eel at ! rate ( two & a qu>t] in*es 9 f\r m9utes4 ,! workm5 fill :at /&+ room !re is betwe5 propell] blades1 cyl9d] l9]s1 pi/on-valves1 & sole-plates2 !y sw>m l ants1 ea* gang c>ry+ on its specifi$ "w ) dilig5ce & s+l5ess ( purpose4 ,let ! read] figure to himself ! gleam+ tools1 ! :irr+ ma*9]y = ! di/ribution ( p[]1 ! begrim$ toil]s1 ! pond]\s masses ( iron & /eel--n[ sw++ 9 mid-air1 !n clut*$ to ! brea/ ( an excoriat+ mon/] l ! 8devil20 let 8 eye re/ on ^? =ty la!s all busy at once1 eat+ ) unwe>y+ jaws into ! metal f$ !m1 & on ! plane :i* %aves an armor-plate z if x 7 a deal bo>d2 !n let him fill 8 e>s ) ! groan+1 creak+1 hiss+1 gr9d+1 %riek+ ( all ?is activity1 & add to x ! battle-l d9 ( ! boil]-mak]s4 ,?us he may "k :at ,fairfield is l4 ,rang+ up & d[n ^! "w-%ops1 & paus+ be=e ?is or t la!1 we see 9 undi/+ui%able fragm5ts ! eng9es t are design$ to propel ! sev5 or eight ?\s&-ton %ip2 !n ! pieces are ga!r$ toge!r & unit$ 9 a pit2 p[] is appli$ f an auxili>y eng9e1 & ! "w ( f9al adju/m5t is proce$$ )4 ,t complet$1 ! eng9es are aga9 tak5 ap>t & transf]r$ to ! vessel = :i* !y h be5 built4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,/]n ,view1 %[+ ,tw9 ,screws4 ,has ! read] ev] /ood 9 ! eng9e-room ( an ocean /eam] :5 %e 0 plung+ ?r\gh an ,atlantic gale at ! rate ( sev5te5 or m knots an h\r8 ,ev5 if he has done s1 & be5 aw$ by ! exp]i5ce1 x is n likely t he has be5 able to fully realize ! imm5sity ( ! p[] ex]t$4 ,he ne$s "s /&>d ( comp>ison1 & = t purpose we may (f] him ! anci5t galley1 & repeat a passage f ! address made by ,sir ,fr$]ick ,bramwell at ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association la/ ,septemb]3 8,comp>e a galley1 a vessel propell$ by o>s1 ) ! mod]n ,atlantic l9]4444 ,take h] l5g? z "s #fjj feet1 & assume t place be f\nd = z _m z #djj o>s on ea* side1 ea* o> work$ by ?ree m51 or #b1djj m52 & all[ t six m5 "u ^! conditions c\ld develop "w equal to "o horse-p[]2 we %\ld h #djj horse-p[]4 ,d\ble ! numb] ( m51 & we %\ld h #hjj horse-p[]1 ) #d1hjj m5 at "w1 & at lea/ ! same numb] 9 res]ve1 if ! j\rney is to be c>ri$ on cont9u\sly4 ,contra/ ! puny result ?us obta9$ ) ! #ai1ejj horse-p[] giv5 =? by a l>ge prime-mov] ( ! pres5t day1 su* a p[] requir+ on ! above mode ( calculation #aag1jjj m5 at "w & #aag1jjj m5 9 res]ve2 & ^! to be c>ri$ 9 a vessel less ?an #fjj feet 9 l5g?4 ,ev5 if x 0 possible to c>ry ?is numb] ( m5 9 su* a vessel1 by no conceivable means c\ld _! p[] be utiliz$ s z to imp>t to x a spe$ ( tw5ty knots an h\r40 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,city ( ,new ,york ready = ,laun*+4 ,illu/ration3 ,model ( a ,/eam] ,design$ to ,cross ! ,atlantic 9 ,five ,days4 ,huge z ! sev]al p>ts are1 _! adju/m5t is a matt] ( extreme delicacy1 & yet s c>efully is x accompli%$ t a /eam] may leave ! build]'s h& at ,fairfield & proce$ on a voyage ( tw5ty days or m )\t once hav+ to slack5 spe$ on acc\nt ( h] eng9es4 ,x is a fair sight to see ! m5 come to "w :5 ! bell r+s 9 ! morn+4 ,:5 ! y>d is fully occupi$ !re are betwe5 six & sev5 ?\s& ( !m1 & ! wages paid h am\nt$ 9 "o ye> to "o million eight hundr$ & sev5ty-five ?\s& doll>s4 ,! head & front ( all ?is indu/ry--,sir ,william ,pe>ce--0 himself 9 e>ly life a workman 9 ! y>d4 ,i met him soon aft] 8 elevation by ! ,que5 to ! b>onetage4 ,he 0 !n1 app>5tly1 9 ! be/ ( heal?1 & 0 full ( plans = build+ /ill fa/] /eam]s = ! ,atlantic4 ,t he w\ld h soon put afloat a vessel ( great] spe$ ?an 8 own ,etruria1 !re is no d\bt 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o knew 8 g5ius z a naval ar*itect1 & ! indomitable & imp]i\s w ) :i* he c>ri$ out all 8 plans4 ,b he di$ sudd5ly 9 #ahhh1 & ?\gh 8 "w 0 incomplete1 he _h already done wond]s 9 m9imiz+ ! discom=t & duration ( ! n[ famili> passage ( ! ,atlantic4 ,,ocean ,,pass5g] ,,travel4 ,,by ,,john ,h4 ,,g\ld4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,ocean ,,race--,,pass5g] ,,traffic ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,clipp] ,,days--,,/ate-,,rooms ,,& ,,table ,,f>e ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,days--,,! ,,fir/ ,,ocean ,,mail ,,contract--,,discom=ts ,,fifty ,,ye>s ,,ago--,,am]ican ,,transatlantic ,,l9es--,,gov]nm5t ,,subsidies--,,novelties ,,on ,,! ,,coll9s ,,l9e--,,:5 ,,/e]age ,,pass5g]s ,,7 ,,all[$ ,,on ,,ocean ,,/eam%ips--,,important ,,*anges ,,9 ,,! ,,com=t ,,( ,,pass5g]s ,,wr\ght ,,by ,,! ,,oceanic ,,9 #ahgj--,,! ,,pres5t ,,era ,,( ,,tw9-,,screw ,,%ips--,,_! ,,advantages--,,! ,,fa/e/ ,,voyages ,,ea/ ,,& ,,we/--,,records ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,rac]s--,,mod]n ,,conv5i5ces ,,& ,,luxuries--,,! ,,increase ,,9 ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,cab9 ,,pass5g]s ,,f #ahha ,,to #ahij--;,,h[ ,,! ,,l>d] ,,is ,,suppli$--,,electric ,,lights1 ,,libr>ies1 ,,& ,,music-,,rooms--,,cu/oms ,,peculi> ,,to ,,! ,,fr5*1 ,,g]man1 ,,& ,,briti% ,,l9es--,,life ,,9 ,,! ,,/e]age--,,immigration ,,/ati/ics--,,gov]nm5t ,,regulations4 ,!re are1 und\bt$ly1 _m m5 & wom5 9 ,new ,york to-day :o w5t d[n to ! ,batt]y & *e]$ & wav$ _! h&s 9 greet+ to ! fir/ /eam%ip t ent]$ ?is port f ,europe4 ,?is important ev5t took place on ,april #bc1 #ahch1 & x 0 d\bly int]e/+ & significant because n only ! fir/ transatlantic /eam%ip came to an*or 9 ! h>bor on t day1 b ! second also2 /eam travel across ! sea ?us beg9n+ ) a race t 0 e>ne/ly conte/$ & brilliantly won4 ,fur!rmore1 x 0 a race t attract$ inf9itely m att5tion ?an any ( ! conte/s t h succe$$ x4 ,two /eam-vessels _h cross$ ! ,atlantic 9 ye>s previ\s1 bo? hav+ />t$ f ?is side2 ! ,savannah1 f ,savannah1 9 #ahai2af & ! ,royal ,william f ,quebec1 9 #ahca2 b nei!r ( ^! voyages _h demon/rat$ ! feasibility ( ab&on+ ! f9e sail+ packets & clipp]s = /eam]s :5 x came to a long voyage4 ,! ,savannah us$ bo? /eam & sail dur+ eighte5 ( ! tw5ty-five days requir$ = a passage to ,liv]pool1 & m ?an "o clipp] ov]took & pass$ h] dur+ ! voyage4 ,! ,royal ,william _h to utilize all h] hold = coal 9 ord] to c>ry suffici5t fuel to insure a completion ( ! voyage4 ,! reasons = ! comm]cial failure ( su* craft are1 !re=e1 app>5t2 b !y prov$ to be available & pr(itable = coa/wise traffic1 & meantime inv5tive g5ius 0 at "w on plans & models & !ories1 all int5d$ = ! con/ruction ( a /eam%ip capable ( c>ry+ goods & pass5g]s betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica1 & ( outrunn+ ! packets4 ,public int]e/1 accord+ly1 0 deeply /irr$ on bo? sides ( ! ocean :51 9 #ahcg1 x 0 le>n$ t two /eam-vessels 7 on ! /ocks1 build+ = ! ,am]ican s]vice4 ,^! 7 ! ,sirius1 at ,london1 & ! ,great ,we/]n1 at ,bri/ol4 ,x 0 ^! vessels t made ! fir/ race2 ! ,sirius mak+ ! trip1 measur$ f ,que5/[n1 9 eighte5 & a half days1 & ! ,great ,we/]n 9 f\rte5 & a half days4 ,! ,sirius1 hav+ _h ne>ly f\r days' />t1 came 9 a few h\rs ahead ( ! w9n]4 ,%e br\ght sev5 pass5g]s1 & :e!r ! ,great ,we/]n _h o!rs ?an h] crew on bo>d _c n[ be asc]ta9$4 ,at ?is "t !re 7 sev]al l9es ( sail+ vessels 9 op]ation betwe5 ,am]ica & ,europe1 among ! mo/ important ( :i* 7 ,williams ,guion's ,old ,black ,/> l9e1 aft]w>d m]g$ into ! ,guion l9e ( ,/eam%ips2 ,grim%aw ,co4's ,black ,/> l9e2 ,c4 ,h4 ,m>%all ,co4's ,black ,ball l9e2 & ,tapscott's l9e4 ,all ^! conc]ns conduct$ a pr(itable bus9ess 9 c>ry+ pass5g]s1 & ! %ips 7 provid$ ) accommodations = ! ?ree classes into :i* travell]s h be5 divid$ f e>ly times4 ,x is impossible at ?is day to det]m9e ) exactness ! volume ( pass5g] traffic 9 clipp]s1 = no complete records 7 kept2 b t x 0 comp>atively light may be inf]r$ f ! fact t provision 0 made 9 ! l>ge %ips = f t5 to ?irty fir/-cab9 & tw5ty second-cab9 pass5g]s4 ,! /e]age capacity v>i$ f eight hundr$ to "o ?\s&1 & x 0 a long "t aft] /eam%ip l9es _h be5 e/abli%$ be=e immigrants ceas$ to come ov] 9 clipp]s4 ,9 fact1 = t5 ye>s aft] ! inauguration ( ! fir/ /eam l9e ! immigrants _h no *oice--! /eam%ips c>ry+ none b cab9 pass5g]s4 ,! rates 71 #cj = fir/ cab92 #h = second cab92 & #e to #h = /e]age4 ,! appo9tm5ts ( cab9s & /ate-rooms 7 meagre z comp>$ ) ! great /eam%ips ( to-day1 b ! table f>e 0 sub/antially ! same t is provid$ n[4 ,! fir/-cab9 pass5g]s f>$ z !y might 9 a good hotel2 ^? 9 ! second cab91 or 8int]m$iates10 z !y 7 call$1 _h a pl5tiful supply ( pla9 well-prep>$ food1 & ! ne$s ( ! /e]age pass5g]s 7 look$ aft] by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 :i* in/itut$ an (ficial bill ( f>e4 ,^! matt]s w be describ$ 9 great] detail f>!r on4 ,9 ! ,m>9e ,news ( ,april #d1 #ahch1 publi%$ 9 ,new ,york1 ! ag5ts ( ! ,sirius adv]tise h] z a 8,new & ,p[]ful ,/eam%ip1 #gjj tons burd51 #cbj horse-p[]40 ,! adv]tisem5t cont9ues3 ,?is vessel has sup]ior accommodations1 & is fitt$ ) sep>ate cab9s = ! accommodation ( families1 to :om e possible att5tion w be giv54 ,cab91 #adj4jj1 includ+ provisions1 w9es1 etc4 ,second cab91 #hj4jj1 includ+ provisions4 ,comm5t+ ^u ! arrival ( ! ,sirius & ,great ,we/]n1 ! ,new ,york ,c\ri] & ,enquir] ( ,april #bd1 #ahch1 said3 ,:at may be ! ultimate fate ( ?is excitem5t--:e!r or n ! exp5ses ( equipm5t & fuel w admit ( ! employm5t ( ^! vessels 9 ! ord9>y packet s]vice--we _c pret5d to =m an op9ion2 b ( ! entire feasibility ( ! passage ( ! ,atlantic by /eam1 z f> z reg>ds safety1 com=t1 & despat*1 ev5 9 ! r\ghe/ & mo/ boi/]\s wea!r1 ! mo/ sceptical mu/ n[ cease to d\bt4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 ! ,gr& ,saloon ( an ,inman ,/eam]4 ,! 8fate ( ! exp]im5t10 z f> z ! ,sirius 0 conc]n$1 0 decid$ by ! initial voyage4 ,%e _h tak5 on f\r hundr$ & fifty tons ( coal at ,que5/[n1 all ( :i* _h be5 consum$ be=e pass+ ,s&y ,hook1 & _h x n be5 = ! sacrifice ( sp>e sp>s & =ty-?ree b>rels ( ros9 to ! dem&s ( ! furnace1 %e w\ld n h ent]$ ! upp] bay "u /eam4 ,nev]!less !re 7 p :o tru/$ h] capability to get back to ,que5/[n ) ! same quantity ( coal1 & among ^! confid5t1 n to say v5turesome1 travell]s1 7 ! ,*evali] ,wyck(f & ,james ,gordon ,b5nett1 ,sr4 ,! ,sirius made bett] "t on ! ea/w>d trip1 b %e nev] aga9 cross$ ! ocean4 ,= _m ye>s %e pli$ betwe5 ,cork & ,dubl94 ,z a bus9ess v5ture ! ,great ,we/]n 0 m successful1 & %e made 9 all ?irty-sev5 r\nd voyages betwe5 ,bri/ol1 or ,liv]pool1 & ,new ,york4 ,sixty-six pass5g]s sail$ 9 h] on h] fir/ voyage f ,new ,york4 ,en?usia/ic report]s ( t day record t at lea/ "o hundr$ ?\s& p]sons cr[d$ ! ,batt]y & o!r po9ts ( view to see h] (f4 ,%e _h be5 adv]tis$ z foll[s3 ,,briti% ,,/eam-,,packet ,,%ip ,,great ,,we/]n1 ,,james ,,hosk51 ,r4,n41 ,comm&]3 ,hav+ arriv$ ye/]day f ,bri/ol1 :i* place %e left on ! #h? in/41 at noon1 w sail f ,new ,york = ,bri/ol on ,monday1 ,may #g?1 at #b o'clock ,p4,m4 ,%e takes no ,/e]age ,pass5g]s4 ,rates 9 ! ,cab91 includ+ ,w9es & ,provisions ( e k9d1 #cj gu9eas2 a :ole ,/ate-room = "o p]son1 #ej gu9eas4 ,/ew>d's fee = ea* pass5g]1 #a #ajs4 /]l+4 ,*ildr5 "u #ac ye>s ( age1 half price4 ,no *>ge = ,lett]s or ,pap]s4 ,! ,capta9 & ,own]s w n be liable = any ,package1 unless a ,bill ( ,lad+ has be5 giv5 = x4 ,"o to two hundr$ tons c be tak5 at ! l[e/ curr5t rates4 ,passage or freight c be engag$1 a plan ( cab9 may be se51 & fur!r p>ticul>s le>n$1 by apply+ to ,,ri*>d ,,irv91 #ih ,front ,/4 ,o!r /eam%ips made exp]im5tal voyages across ! ,atlantic aft] ?is1 & sev]al attempts 7 made to e/abli% regul> l9es1 t is1 a s]vice ) /at$ times ( sail+ f "o ye>'s end to ano!r2 b none ( ^! succe$$ until #ahdj1 :5 ! ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ican ,royal ,mail ,/eam-,packet ,company 0 organiz$4 ,! *ief promot] ( ?is conc]n 0 ,mr4 ,samuel ,cun>d1 ( ,halifax1 & ! "n ( ! corporation 0 spe$ily =gott5 9 ! popul> adoption ( 8 "n to designate ! l9e4 ,mr4 ,cun>d & 8 associates _h be5 ke5 obs]v]s ( ! v>i\s exp]im5ts 9 /eam navigation1 & naturally !y pr(it$ by o!rs' failures4 ,by no means ! lea/ important feature ( _! ent]prise1 by :i* x diff]$ f previ\s v5tures1 & by :i* x secur$ a fight+ *ance = prosp]ity1 0 an arrangem5t ) ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t = c>ry+ ! mails4 ,! fir/ mail contract cov]$ a p]iod ( sev5 ye>s at #fj1jjj annually4 ,?is s]vice 0 mon?ly 9 ! beg9n+1 aft]w>d =tnightly1 & ! po9ts t\*$ 7 ,liv]pool1 ,halifax1 & ,bo/on4 ,ev5tually1 ) increas$ subv5tions f ! ,gov]nm5t1 a weekly s]vice 0 e/abli%$ betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,new ,york1 z well z a semi-mon?ly s]vice betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,bo/on4 ,! fir/ fleet ( ! ,cun>d l9e consi/$ ( f\r vessels--! ,britannia1 ,acadia1 ,cal$onia1 & ,columbia4 ,ano!r /eam%ip1 ! ,unicorn1 made :at 0 probably a voyage ( ann\ncem5t = ! company4 ,! ,unicorn 0 ! fir/ /eam-vessel f ,europe to ent] ,bo/on ,h>bor1 :]e %e arriv$ on ,june #b1 #ahdj4 ,al?\gh ,bo/on made z mu* fuss ov] ?is ev5t z ,new ,york _h ov] ! arrival ( ! ,sirius & ,great ,we/]n two ye>s be=e1 regul> communication ) ,europe 0 n e/abli%$ until ! arrival ( ! ,britannia1 ! real pione] ( ! ,cun>d l9e4 ,%e left ,liv]pool on ,friday1 ,july #d1 #ahdj1 & made ! voyage to ,bo/on1 includ+ ! dt\r to ,halifax & delay !re ( twelve h\rs1 9 f\rte5 days & eight h\rs4 ,t ,mr4 ,cun>d 0 correct 9 believ+ t transportation by /eam w\ld /imulate travel betwe5 ! cont95ts is cle> en\gh to u n[2 b he & 8 associates mu/ h felt ju/ifi$ 9 ! und]tak+ by ! fact t ! ,britannia c>ri$ n9ety cab9 pass5g]s on h] fir/ trip4 ,al?\gh ! pass5g]s _h 8! run0 ( ! entire %ip1 _! accommodations 7 little1 if any1 bett] ?an ^? provid$ 9 ! clipp]s4 ,! saloon & /ate-rooms 7 all 9 ! extreme aft]-"p ( ! vessel1 & !re 7 no su* ?+s z com=table smok+-rooms on deck1 libr>ies1 sitt+-rooms1 electric lights & annunciators1 automatic w9d[s to port-holes2 & !re 7 no ba?s to be obta9$ except ?r\gh ! k9d (fices ( ! boatswa9 or 8 mate1 :o vigor\sly appli$ ! hose on su* pass5g]s z came dress$ = ! occasion :5 ! decks 7 be+ wa%$ 9 ! e>ly morn+4 8,/ate-room0 0 mu* m ( a misnom] !n ?an x is n[4 ,on ! mo/ unpret5ti\s mod]n /eam%ip !re is room en\gh 9 ! *amb]s to put a small trunk1 & ev5 o!r articles ( conv5i5ce to ! travell]2 & "o may dress1 if he takes reasonable c>e1 )\t knock+ 8 knuckles & elb[s aga9/ ! wall or ! edges ( 8 b]?4 ,n[adays1 too1 ! /ate-room is usually l>ge en\gh to accommodate ?ree or f\r p]sons1 :ile "s are arrang$ to hold m1 if ! %ip is cr[d$4 ,! pione] /eam%ip _h *amb]s s n>r[ t !re 0 j room en\gh = a /ool to /& betwe5 ! edge ( ! two-feet-wide b]? & ! wall--m]e closets4 ,!re 7 two b]?s 9 ea* room1 "o above ! o!r4 ,by pay+ some:at less ?an d\ble f>e a pass5g] giv5 to luxury might h a room to himself1 accord+ to ! adv]tisem5t ( ! ,great ,we/]n4 ,)9 su* n>r[ qu>t]s1 h[ev]1 ev]y?+ possible 0 done = ! pass5g]'s com=t4 ,a g5tleman1 n[ 9 bus9ess 9 ,new ,york1 :o cross$ 9 ! e>lie/ days ( ! ,cun>d l9e1 & :o has s9ce sail$ on ! mod]n rac]s1 says t ! diff]5ce is by no means z great z might be expect$4 ,he puts x ?is way3 8,! table 0 z good !n z x is n[1 & ! (fic]s & /ew>ds 7 j z att5tive4 ,!re is m co/ly ornam5tation n[2 b t aside1 ! two great improvem5ts ov] ! l9]s ( =ty-five ye>s ago are 9 spe$ & space4 ,!re is m room n[ to turn ar\nd 91 & ! s]vice is some:at bett]40 ,?is is a v good-humor$ view ( ! matt]4 ,x is n probable t latt]-day travell]s w\ld be cont5t to put up ) n>r[ rooms1 smok+ lamps1 l[ ceil+s1 & pla9 edibles1 all ( :i* are n[ entirely *ang$4 ,! travell] to-day dem&s m ?an com=t & safety4 ,travell+ is 9 ! ma9 itself a luxury1 & z m & m ,am]icans h f\nd !mselves ) suffici5t means to indulge 9 x1 !y h dem&$ m & m luxuri\s surr\nd+s & appo9tm5ts4 ,x is 9 response to ?is dem& & ! gr[? ( ! traffic1 t )9 ! la/ few ye>s !re has be5 plac$ ^u ! transatlantic l9es a fleet ( /eam%ips t surpass 9 e respect any?+ t ! _w has se54 ,= sev]al ye>s ! ,cun>d l9e enjoy$ :at 0 sub/antially a monopoly ( ! /eam c>ry+ trade betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 al?\gh individual vessels made trips back & =? at irregul> int]vals1 & v>i\s & unsuccessful attempts 7 made to e/abli% a regul> s]vice4 ,! fir/ ent]prise ( ?is k9d t orig9at$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ! ,ocean ,/eam ,navigation ,company4 ,9 #ahdg ?is corporation und]took to c>ry ! ,am]ican mails betwe5 ,new ,york & ,brem5 twice a mon?4 ,! ,gov]nm5t paid #bjj1jjj a ye> = ?is s]vice1 & ! vessels t\*$ at ,c[es1 ,isle ( ,wight1 on ea* trip4 ,two /eam%ips 7 built = ?is l9e1 ! ,wa%+ton & ,h]man4 ,:5 ! contract ) ! ,gov]nm5t expir$ bo? 7 )drawn & ! project 0 ab&on$4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,c4 ,h4 ,m>%all ,co41 proprietors ( ! ,black ,ball l9e ( packet-%ips1 built a /eam%ip1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to supplem5t _! transatlantic bus9ess1 b ! v5ture prov$ to be unpr(itable4 ,!n came ! ,new ,york ,havre ,/eam ,navigation ,company4 ,?is l9e 0 also subsidiz$ by ! ,gov]nm5t = c>ry+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates mails betwe5 ,new ,york1 ,s\?ampton1 & ,havre1 =tnightly1 at #aej1jjj annually4 ,! two /eam%ips built = ?is purpose 7 wreck$1 & two o!rs 7 *>t]$ 9 ord] to c>ry out ! mail contract1 until ! ,fulton & ! ,arago1 two new /eam%ips built = ! l9e1 7 ready = s]vice 9 #ahef4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,/eam]'s ,b>b]-,%op4 ,! mo/ important ,am]ican rival :i* =eign corporations h enc\nt]$ 9 transatlantic /eam navigation 0 ! fam\s ,coll9s l9e4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,k4 ,coll9s _h gr[n up 9 ! freight & pass5g] bus9ess betwe5 ,new ,york & ,liv]pool1 & 9 #ahdg he began to int]e/ ,new ,york m]*ants 9 a plan to e/abli% a new /eam%ip l9e4 ,two ye>s lat] a company :i* he _h organiz$ laun*$ f\r vessels--! ,atlantic1 ,pacific1 ,arctic1 & ,baltic4 ,!y 7 lib]ally subsidiz$2 ! ,gov]nm5t pay+ to ! company #heh1jjj ye>ly = c>ry+ ! mails2 conditions impos$ be+ t ! vessels %\ld make tw5ty-six voyages e ye>1 & t ! passage f port to port %\ld be bett] 9 po9t ( "t ?an t made by ! ,cun>d]s4 ,! ,coll9s l9e met ! conditions successfully2 its vessels mak+ we/w>d trips t av]ag$ elev5 days1 t5 h\rs1 & tw5ty-"o m9utes1 z comp>$ ) twelve days1 n9ete5 h\rs1 & tw5ty-six m9utes by ! ,briti% /eam%ips4 ,! vessels ( ! ,coll9s l9e co/ upw>d ( #gjj1jjj ea*4 ,?is 0 a great deal ( money to put into a /eam%ip 9 ^? days1 & z ! l>ge/ ( ! fleet 0 consid]ably small] ?an ! smalle/ ( ! /eam%ips t n[ ply betwe5 ,new ,york & ,european ports1 !re 0 naturally a good p]c5tage ( co/ 9 ! appo9tm5ts = ! com=t ( ! pass5g]s4 ,_m features t h s9ce come to be reg>d$ z indisp5sable on bo>d %ip 7 introduc$ by ! ,coll9s vessels4 ,among !m none attract$ m comm5t :5 ! ,atlantic arriv$ at ,liv]pool1 at ! end ( h] fir/ voyage1 ,may #aj1 #ahdi1 ?an ! b>b]-%op4 ,engli% visitors to ! vessel1 z %e lay at an*or 9 ! ,m]sey1 saw = ! fir/ "t ! com=table *air1 ) its movable head-re/ & foot-re/1 9 :i* ,am]icans are accu/om$ to recl9e :ile und]go+ %av+4 ,ano!r novelty 0 a smok+-room 9 a h\se on ! aft]-"p ( ! deck4 ,9 ! pr$ecessors ( ! ,atlantic smok]s _h to get on z well z might be 9 an un9vit+ cov]$ hat*way kn[n z ! 8fiddley40 ,! ,coll9s l9e vessels _h n only a d9+-room sixty feet long by tw5ty feet broad1 b _h a g5]al saloon sixty-sev5 feet by tw5ty feet4 ,^! 7 divid$ by ! /ew>d's pantry4 ,rose1 sat91 & olive woods figur$ prom95tly 9 ! decorations2 !re 7 ri* c>pets1 m>ble-topp$ tables1 exp5sively uphol/]$ *airs & s(as2 a pr(usion ( mirrors2 all ! panels & ! saloon w9d[s 7 ornam5t$ ) coats-(-arms & o!r designs emblematic ( ,am]ican fre$om2 all ( :i* made1 accord+ to an ,engli% writ]1 a 8g5]al effect ( *a/5ess & a c]ta9 k9d ( solidity40 ,! ,coll9s l9e obta9$ its %>e ( a /eadily increas+ pass5g] traffic betwe5 ! ,old & ,new ,worlds4 ,x c>ri$ freight at f #cj to #dj a ton2 x _h ! advantage ( an imm5se subsidy2 b to all int5ts & purposes ! corporation 0 bankrupt at ! end ( six ye>s4 ,x co/ too mu* to ma9ta9 ! high rate ( spe$ requir$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,moreov]1 two vessels 7 lo/2 ! ,arctic1 :i* w5t d[n aft] a collision ) a ,fr5* /eam] (f ,cape ,race1 9 ,septemb]1 #ahed1 :5 two hundr$ & tw5ty-two ( ! two hundr$ & sixty-eight p on bo>d 7 dr[n$2 & ! ,pacific1 :i* 0 nev] he>d f aft] %e left ,liv]pool on ,june #bc1 #ahef4 ,almo/ simultane\sly ) ! inauguration ( ! ,coll9s l9e ano!r c&idate = ocean bus9ess appe>$1 br++ ) x two innovations ( great importance to all travell]s4 ,?is 0 ! ,liv]pool1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia ,/eam%ip ,company1 bett] kn[n1 ev5 9 its own (fices1 z ! ,inman l9e4 ,x 0 ! orig9al plan ( ?is company to e/abli% a l9e betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,philadelphia1 & = sev]al ye>s1 beg9n+ 9 #ahej1 no calls 7 made at ,new ,york4 ,! ,inman ,company 0 successful 9 secur+ a contract f ! ,briti% & ,canadian ,gov]nm5ts = c>ry+ ! mails via ,halifax1 & 0 ! successor to ! ,cun>d l9e on t r\te2 ! company !n settl$ d[n1 ) a com=table mail contract1 to c>ry+ pass5g]s1 freight1 & mail betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,new ,york1 call+ at ,que5/[n on e trip4 ,illu/ration3 ,m ,com=table on ,deck4 ,dur+ ! ,crimean ,w> ! transatlantic trade receiv$ a sev]e *eck1 z m ?an half ! /eam%ips 7 )drawn & plac$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,briti% & ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5ts z transports4 ,dur+ t "t ! ,coll9s l9e & o!r ,am]ican l9es receiv$ q an impetus by _m ( ! vessels ( bo? ! ,cun>d & ,inman l9es be+ requir$ = transport duty4 ,at ! close ( ! ,crimean ,w>1 h[ev]1 a reaction set 9 :5 ^! %ips 7 aga9 put 9 commission1 ) a decid$ly disa/r\s effect on ! ,am]ican l9es4 ,9 #ahee ,commodore ,v&]bilt endeavor$ to get a subsidy f ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t = a mail l9e to ,europe1 b1 not)/&+ 8 failure to procure ?is contract1 he plac$ ?ree or f\r vessels on ! r\te betwe5 ,new ,york1 ,s\?ampton1 & ,havre1 & lat] on ! ,brem5 r\te4 ,! v5ture 0 m or less pr(itable4 ,almo/ ! la/ remnants ( ,am]ican ent]prise 9 ,atlantic pass5g] traffic disappe>$ ) ! /eam%ips ,fulton & ,arago ( ! ,new ,york & ,havre l9e1 :i* 7 )drawn 9 #ahfh4 ,m5tion %\ld1 h[ev]1 be made ( ! ,am]ican l9e1 ) f\r iron screw /eam]s1 :i* began to run betwe5 ,philadelphia & ,liv]pool 9 #ahgc1 & ran regul>ly s9ce its inception1 )\t any ,gov]nm5t subsidy4 ,two innovations introduc$ by ! ,inman l9e became prom95t features ( ocean bus9ess1 & x may be left an op5 "q z to :i* 0 ! m important4 ,"o 0 ! use ( ! screw-propell]1 & ! o!r 0 ! c>ry+ ( /e]age1 or ?ird-class1 pass5g]s4 ,previ\s to #ahej all /eam%ips built = transatlantic voyages _h be5 side-:eel]s1 & ev5 z late z #ahgj !re 7 /eam-vessels t came into ! port ( ,new ,york ) ! walk+-beam1 famili> to patrons ( mod]n f]ry-boats & riv] /eam]s4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! screw-propell] _h be5 kn[n & utiliz$ = _m ye>s2 b x 0 n believ$ t a /eam%ip c\ld cross ! ocean 9 safety unless side-paddles 7 employ$4 ,! fir/ iron transatlantic screw /eam%ip 0 ! ,city ( ,glasg[ 7except ! ,great ,brita91 :i* fir/ arriv$ 9 ,new ,york on ,septemb] #aj1 #ahde1 mak+ b two transatlantic trips1 & !re=e n ent]+ z a factor into ?is trade71 built on ! ,clyde by ,tod ,mc,gregor4 ,%e made f\r successful voyages betwe5 ,glasg[ & ,new ,york be=e %e 0 pur*as$ by ! corporation t aft]w>d became kn[n z ! ,inman l9e4 ,?is innovation1 al?\gh x did n result at fir/ 9 any m>k$ increase ( spe$1 soon f\nd approbation 9 ! policies ( rival companies4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,quiet ,flirtation4 ,! o!r innovation 0 equally long 9 f9d+ acceptance among oceanic /eam%ip companies1 b x ev5tually prevail$1 ev5 to ! ext]m9ation ( ! clipp] %ip z a pass5g] c>ri]4 ,x may be rem>k$ j "h t ! introduction ( ! screw-propell] add$ to ! discom=ts ( ! cab9 pass5g]s2 = 9 ! fir/ vessels ( ! ,inman l9e ! /ate-rooms & saloons 7 reta9$ 9 ! aft]-"p ( ! %ips1 :]e ! motion ( ! sea & ! noise ( ! screw 7 mo/ app>5t4 ,leav+ ?is matt] = ! pres5t1 x is wor? not+ t ! /eady increase 9 pass5g] traffic betwe5 ! two cont95ts l$ to ! organization ( _m o!r companies t tri$ to f9d a %>e 9 ! c>ry+ bus9ess4 ,! ,glasg[ ,new ,york ,/eam%ip ,company 0 />t$ 9 #ahed by ,tod ,mc,gregor1 %ip-build]s2 ! s]vice 0 =tnightly4 ,9 #ahei !y decid$ to conf9e _! bus9ess to %ip-build+1 & ! fleet & good-w 7 !n sold out to ! ,inman l9e1 :o cont9u$ ! s]vice = a ye> or two1 b f9ally )drew ! fleet f ,glasg[ & conc5trat$ _! entire bus9ess betwe5 ,liv]pool1 ,que5/[n1 & ,new ,york4 ,dur+ ! p]iod f #ahej to #ahfj _m ,atlantic l9es 7 e/abli%$1 sev]al ( :i* are 9 successful op]ation to-day4 ,! new-com]s dur+ t decade1 z well z 9 ! foll[+ decade1 adopt$ g5]ally ! innovations v5tur$ by ! ,inman l9e2 b x 0 n until aft] #ahgj t ! side-:eel] disappe>$ f ! ocean1 & x 0 n until #ahgd t clipp] %ips ceas$ to br+ immigrants4 ,x is said t ! life ( an iron /eam%ip is unlimit$2 t "t en\gh has n elaps$ s9ce ! fir/ iron %ips 7 float$ to det]m9e h[ long !y w\ld naturally la/ "u good usage4 ,! importance1 !re=e1 ( ! innovation introduc$ by ! ,inman l9e may be readily inf]r$ :5 x is /at$ t ! olde/ /eam%ip belong+ to any ( ! regul> l9es n[ 9 ! pass5g] s]vice betwe5 ,new ,york & ,european ports 0 built 9 #ahfg4 ,)9 ! la/ ye> or two /eel has be5 almo/ entirely sub/itut$ = iron1 x be+ light] & m durable4 ,al?\gh ! transatlantic l9es multipli$ rapidly1 & ! bus9ess induc$ by =eign traffic increas$ /eadily1 !re 0 no o!r m>k$ improvem5t 9 ! s]vice until #ahgj1 :5 ! ,oceanic ,/eam ,navigation ,company ent]$ ^u its c>e]4 ,9 ?is case also ! legal title ( ! corporation has be5 =gott5 9 ! popul> adoption ( a %ort "n to designate ! l9e2 & ?is new ent]prise has be5 kn[n almo/ f ! beg9n+ z ! ,:ite ,/> l9e4 ,_! fir/ /eam%ip 0 ! ,oceanic1 & its model & appo9tm5ts ?r\gh\t became ! pione] ( ! great fleet t n[ plies regul>ly betwe5 ?is c\ntry & ,europe4 ,x 0 n s mu* t ! proprietors ( ! ,:ite ,/> l9e endeavor$ to outdo _! rivals 9 conv5i5ces = pass5g]s1 table-f>e1 & ! l1 b t !y he$$ ! compla9ts ( ! travell]s :o suff]$ f ! noise & motion 9 _! /ate-rooms 9 ! aft]-"p ( ! boat4 ,9 ! old /yle ( /eam%ips ! pass5g] :o desir$ to sleep _h to cont5d aga9/ ! noise ( ! screw1 ! creak+ ( ! /e]+ app>atus1 & ! mo/ extreme motion possible ^u ! vessel4 ,! ,:ite ,/> l9e arrang$ its saloons & /ate-rooms s z to br+ !m z ne> z possible to ! c5tre ( gravity2 plac+ !m1 !re=e1 amid%ips4 ,illu/ration3 ,smok+-room ( a ,fr5* ,l9]4 ,x is n ess5tial n[ to /ate :at me*anical improvem5ts ?is *ange involv$ fur!r ?an to say t previ\s to ?is date ! cab9 qu>t]s 9 sail+-vessels & /eam%ips1 bo? naval & m]cantile1 7 locat$ 9 ! aft]-"p ( ! %ip1 & ?is = ! reason t x enabl$ ! pass5g]s to fully occupy t "p ( ! %ip :i* 0 n invad$ by ! crew = work+ purposes4 ,! ye> #ahgj1 !re=e1 m>ks an epo* 9 /eam navigation1 & ! vessels ( all ! pr9cipal l9es1 built s9ce t date h be5 con=m$ to ! model set by ! ,oceanic1 & ! be/ %ips ( to-day are s arrang$ t ! pass5g]s :o pay ! highe/ rates are locat$ 9 all _! necess>y movem5ts 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! vessel4 ,f ye> to ye> ! spe$ has be5 improv$1 until s _m /eam%ips are class$ z rac]s t ! rivalry has come to be c5tr$ 9 appo9tm5ts & luxuri\s accommodation4 ,! inauguration ( ! ,oceanic ,company m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( :at may be call$ ! second epo* 9 transatlantic travel1 & ) ! fir/ voyage ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york a ?ird epo* 0 begun4 ,?is la/ p]iod1 into :i* we h h>dly ent]$1 is di/+ui%$ by ! tw9-screw /eam%ip4 ,!re are n[ n9e great vessels ( ?is class 9 ! pass5g] s]vice betwe5 ,european ports & ,new ,york3 ! ,city ( ,new ,york & ! ,city ( ,p>is1 ( ! ,inman l9e2 ! ,maje/ic & ! ,teutonic1 ( ! ,:ite ,/> l9e2 ! ,augu/a ,victoria1 ! ,columbia1 ! ,normannia1 & ! ,fr/ ,bism>ck1 ( ! ,hamburg-,am]ican l9e2 & ,la ,t\ra9e ( ! ,fr5* l9e4 ,^! new vessels are n rem>kably sup]ior to ! be/ s+le-screw /eam%ips 9 ! matt] ( spe$1 & any advantage ga9$ 9 ?is respect may be attribut$ to _! hav+ great] horse-p[]4 ,z may be se5 f ! record ( fa/ passages1 ! ,etruria & ! ,umbria1 ( ! ,cun>d l9e1 are n only v close seconds to ! be/ tw9-screw %ips1 b are ev5 ahead ( sev]al ( ! new type ( vessel4 ,! great m]it ( ! tw9-screw %ip lies 9 ! increas$ safety :i* its me*anism insures4 ,x admits ( avoid+ ob/acles t w\ld surely wreck a s+le-screw vessel1 ( bett] h&l+ 9 case ( collision1 & ( sur] progress 9 ! ev5t ( ! break+ ( a %aft4 ,su* /eam%ips z ! ,city ( ,new ,york & ! ,city ( ,p>is1 ( ! ,inman l9e 7:i* is n[ controll$ by ,am]ican capital1 & may 9 a s5se be reg>d$ z an ,am]ican ent]prise71 are design$ s z to c>ry ab\t #ejj fir/-cab9 pass5g]s ea*1 & ! ,etruria & ,umbria1 ( ! ,cun>d l9e1 ab\t #fjj2 b ^! vessels c>ry less /e]age pass5g]s ?an o!r %ips1 :i* adds greatly to ! com=t ( saloon pass5g]s4 ,x is n probable t ! #gjj1jjj exp5d$ = ! con/ruction ( a vessel ( ! ,coll9s l9e w\ld mu* m ?an suffice to pay = ! decorations & conv5i5ces af=d$ to pass5g]s on ! ,inman %ips4 ,9 correspond5ce ) mod]n ideas !y are subdivid$ into tw5ty-f\r wat]-tight comp>tm5ts1 & ?is1 ) due all[ance = ! ar*itect's notions1 has l$ to ! supply+ ( ba?-rooms ab\t ! %ip1 accord+ to ! numb] ( pass5g]s c>ri$2 sev]al suites ( rooms on ! prom5ade & saloon decks are arrang$ ) ba?-rooms & toilet-rooms4 ,! second-class pass5g]s h also _! own ba?-rooms1 smok+-room1 & saloon d9+-room4 ,! /e]age is s divid$ t ! ?ird-class pass5g]s are n only away =w>d1 b aft also2 & !y h ! :ole ( "o deck to !mselves = prom5ad+ & gett+ glimpses ( ocean view4 ,^! are features t apply to s _m ( ! be/ /eam%ips n[ ply+ betwe5 ,new ,york & ,european ports1 t x w\ld be unju/ to describe any "o %ip z aga9/ ano!r2 b z ! ,city ( ,new ,york 9 #ahij made ! highe/ av]age spe$ ( all ! ,atlantic 8greyh\nds10 & = t matt] ! highe/ av]age spe$ ( any /eam%ip 9 ! _w1 x is b fair to m5tion h] wond]ful p]=mance4 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahij %e made eight trips to ! ea/w>d1 & ! av]age ( ea* trip f ,s&y ,hook light%ip to ,ro*e's ,po9t1 ,que5/[n ,h>bor1 0 six days1 f\r h\rs1 & five m9utes2 ! av]age ( h] eight trips to ! we/w>d f ,ro*e's ,po9t to ,s&y ,hook light%ip 0 six days1 five h\rs1 & =ty-f\r m9utes4 ,on ! f\r trips ea* way f ,augu/ to ,novemb]1 inclusive1 h] av]age we/-b\nd voyages 7 six days & =ty-two m9utes1 & ! ea/-b\nd voyages six days & fifty-?ree m9utes4 ,= ! :ole season on h] trips to ! ea/w>d %e av]ag$ #ai4ab knots p] h\r1 & to ! we/w>d #ah4ia knots p] h\r4 ,%e has made a slightly bett] av]age ?an h] si/]1 ! favorite ,city ( ,p>is1 & %e beat h] p[]ful rival1 ! ,teutonic1 sev5 times out ( t5 dur+ ! season ( #ahij4 ,! fa/e/ we/w>d trip on record is t ( ! ,teutonic1 h] "t ( #e days1 #af h\rs1 & #cj m9utes be+ made 9 ,augu/1 #ahia4 ,h] be/ ea/w>d trip 0 made 9 ,septemb]1 #ahia1 9 #e days1 #ba h\rs1 & #bb m9utes1 :i* is also ! fa/e/ trip on record to ! ea/w>d4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! records ( f\rte5 ( ! mo/ important transatlantic /eam%ips3 ,be/ ,records up to ,octob] #a1 #ahia4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,"n4 ,fa/e/ ,direction4 ,date4 ,l9e4 passage4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,d4 ,h4 ,m4 ,teutonic #e #af #cj ,we/w>d ,augu/1 #ahia ,:ite ,/>4 #e #ba #bb ,ea/w>d ,septemb]1 #ahia ,maje/ic #e #ah #h ,we/w>d ,augu/1 #ahia ,:ite ,/>4 #e #bc #ac ,ea/w>d ,septemb]1 #ahij ,city ( ,p>is #e #ai #ah ,we/w>d ,augu/1 #ahhi ,inman4 #e #bb #ej ,ea/w>d ,decemb]1 #ahhi ,city ( ,new ,york #e #ba #ai ,we/w>d ,octob]1 #ahij ,inman4 #e #bb #ej ,ea/w>d ,septemb]1 #ahia ,etruria #f #a #ej ,we/w>d ,septemb]1 #ahhi;,cun>d4 #f #d #dj ,ea/w>d ,april1 #ahhh ,umbria #f #c #bi ,we/w>d ,augu/1 #ahij ,cun>d4 #f #c #d ,ea/w>d ,novemb]1 #ahhh #f #ad #ae ,we/w>d ,may1 #ahia ,fr/ ,bism>ck 7,maid5 trip7 ,hamburg4 #f #ab #eh ,ea/w>d ,septemb]1 #ahia ,columbia #f #af #b ,we/w>d ,june1 #ahij ,hamburg4 #f #ae #j ,ea/w>d ,octob]1 #ahij ,normannia #f #ag #b ,we/w>d ,augu/1 #ahij ,hamburg4 #f #ag #bj ,ea/w>d ,septemb]1 #ahij ,augu/a ,victoria #f #bb #dj ,we/w>d ,octob]1 #ahij ,hamburg4 #f #bb #cb ,ea/w>d ,septemb]1 #ahij ,havel #f #bc #eb ,we/w>d ,may1 #ahia ,nor? #f #ai #e ,ea/w>d ,septemb]1 #ahia;,g]man4 ,spree #f #ba #bj ,we/w>d ,augu/1 #ahia ,nor? #f #bj #aj ,ea/w>d ,july1 #ahia ,g]man4 ,lahn #f #bb #db ,we/w>d ,augu/1 #ahhi ,nor? #f #bc #ah ,ea/w>d ,octob]1 #ahhi ,g]man4 #f #bc #eh ,we/w>d ,june1 #ahia ,la ,t\ra9e 7,maid5 trip7 ,fr5*4 #g #d #af ,ea/w>d ,july1 #ahia ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,note4--,= table ( records 9 #ahij1 see page #de2 = a comp>ison ( records f ! ,sirius to ! ,teutonic1 see page #gh4 ,! trips ( ! fir/ six vessels 9 ! above table are measur$ betwe5 ,s&y ,hook light%ip & ,ro*e's ,po9t1 ! entrance to ,que5/[n ,h>bor2 ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd & ! ,hamburg-,am]ican l9es measure ! trips betwe5 ,s&y ,hook light%ip & ! ,ne$les1 ne> ,s\?ampton2 & ! ,fr5* l9e1 betwe5 ,s&y ,hook light%ip & ,havre4 ,! fa/ %ips ( sev]al l9es n[ make a sev5-days' j\rney f port to port2 ^! l9es are ! ,cun>d1 ,inman1 ,:ite ,/>1 ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd1 ,hamburg-,am]ican1 ,fr5*1 ,guion1 & ,an*or4 ,_! vessels are well fitt$1 ! pass5g]s f9d e conv5i5ce at h&1 &1 b>r+ extremely bad wea!r1 ! travell] may imag9e t he is conf9$ b a few days to a fir/ rate hotel on l&4 ,nev]!less1 x may be wor? :ile to m5tion "o or two comp>atively m9or features t h be5 introduc$ lately to make ! j\rney to ,europe com=table4 ,! ,midl& ,railway ,company ( ,engl& & ! ,london ,nor?we/]n ,railway ,company h bo? adopt$ ! ,am]ican sy/em ( *eck+ baggage1 & x is n[ possible to h y\r trunks *eck$ at y\r h\se = deliv]y 9 ,london1 al?\gh ! /eam%ip may t]m9ate its j\rney at ,liv]pool4 ,?is s]vice naturally calls = a small extra fee1 b x is h>dly m ?an w\ld be *>g$ by an expressman :o w\ld take y\r trunks to ! dock :]e ! /eam%ip lies await+ y\r dep>ture4 ,x is q ! cu/om n[1 also1 = /eam%ip companies to issue lett]s ( cr$it to pass5g]s1 :o1 = "o reason or ano!r1 may n c>e to deposit _! moneys ) ! bank+ h\ses4 ,on "o l9e1 at lea/1 pass5g]s c r5t /eam]-*airs previ\s to sail+ at fifty c5ts ea* = ! trip1 & :5 !y arrive on bo>d !y simply apply to ! deck-/ew>d = _! *airs4 ,at ! (fices ( all ! pr9cipal l9es /eam]-*airs may be engag$ at ! "t tickets are procur$1 b ! price *>g$ = ! trip is "o doll>2 ! ent]prise be+ manag$ by an indep5d5t conc]n :o h obta9$ ! privilege f ! diff]5t l9es4 ,e travell] may h at lea/ "o int]e/+ s\v5ir ( ! voyage across ! ,atlantic4 ,! names ( ! pass5g]s1 & 9 "s cases _! home addresses1 are neatly pr9t$ ^u folios along ) a blank *>t = record+ ! progress ( ! voyage1 & m or less in=mation ab\t ! company1 ! vessel1 & ! fleet ( :i* x is a memb]4 ,a suffici5t numb] ( ^! pass5g] li/s are pr9t$ to assure "o at lea/ = e cab9 pass5g]1 & ! li/s are usually di/ribut$ 9 ! saloon soon aft] ! vessel leaves h] dock4 ,!y are n only priz$ z s\v5irs1 b !y are invaluable 9 assi/+ "o to make acqua9tances--or avoid !m1 = t matt]4 ,x is ! cu/om ( ! ,inman & ,guion l9es to di/ribute pass5g] li/s at ! gang-plank j previ\s to ! sail+ ( ! vessel1 s t fri5ds ( pass5g]s may c>ry away a tok5 ( ! great j\rney1 & speculate z to h[ companionable ?is or ano!r p]son w prove to ! p>ty 9 :i* !y are especially int]e/$4 ,on ne>ly all ! l>g] vessels !re is a m9iature newspap] pr9t$ by ! %ip's pr9t]1 :i* gives ! usual am\nt ( 8local0 gossip & happ5+s peculi> to ! surr\nd+s2 articles are contribut$ by ! pass5g]s1 & sometimes !re is a good deal ( tal5t on bo>d4 ,reports ( conc]ts & dome/ic ent]ta9m5ts1 etc41 are giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,gang-plank--j be=e sail+4 ,rivalry betwe5 ! v>i\s l9es has l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( ag5cies 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ?is c\ntry & ,europe4 ,abroad ! ag5ts seek ma9ly1 if n exclusively1 to induce emigration4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! ag5ts deal almo/ exclusively ) ^? to :om travel has become a well-e>n$ luxury4 ,! c5tral po9t ( ag5cies is 9 ,*icago4 ,! ag5ts !re control ! t]ritory we/ ( ,*icago1 & are 9 con/ant communication ) ! head-(fices 9 ,new ,york1 & !y h _! sub-ag5ts scatt]$ ab\t ev]y:]e1 b especially 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,! ,new ,york (fices are promptly in=m$ by ! ,*icago ag5ts conc]n+ ! numb] ( p book$ = c]ta9 /eam%ips1 & ! *ief /ew>ds make provision accord+ly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e %[+ h[ ! /ew>d has to provide = 8 pass5g]s1 x w be int]e/+ to note1 z well z may be1 ! increase 9 transatlantic voyag+4 ,exact records ( cab9 pass5g]s h n be5 kept until )9 a few ye>s2 b x w be rememb]$ t 9 ! "t ( ! clipp] %ips t5 fir/-cab9 pass5g]s 0 ! av]age on a %ip4 ,z x is n[1 ! diff]5t /eam%ip l9es ent]+ ! port ( ,new ,york employ sev]al m5 to look aft] ! l&+ ( pass5g]s4 ,_! duties are ma9ly direct$ to /e]age p2 b rec5tly !y h also kept records ( ^? :o come ov] 9 ei!r fir/ or second class4 ,f ^! records1 kept 9 ! ,b>ge ,(fice 9 ,new ,york ,city1 x appe>s t ocean travel v>ies accord+ to ! bus9ess situation 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,foll[+ is an exhibit ( ! numb] ( cab9 pass5g]s t arriv$ at ?is port dur+ ! ye>s betwe5 #ahha & #ahij1 inclusive3 #ahha1 #ea1bbi2 #ahhb1 #eg1idg2 #ahhc1 #eh1eif2 #ahhd1 #ei1ejc2 #ahhe1 #ee1afj2 #ahhf1 #fh1gdb2 #ahhg1 #gh1gib2 #ahhh1 #hf1cjb2 #ahhi1 #if1fhf2 #ahij1 #ii1ahi4 ,f "o po9t ( view1 at lea/1 ^! figures are v /rik+4 ,9 #ahhi !re 0 a great %[ 9 ,p>is t attract$ _w-wide att5tion & int]e/4 ,9 ! spr+ ( t ye> e /eam%ip ag5t ann\nc$ to prospective pass5g]s t all vessels w\ld be cr[d$1 & t ! volume ( pass5g] traffic betwe5 ! cont95ts w\ld swamp ! capacity ( e l9e4 ,b ! figures speak = !mselves4 ,view+ ! increase ( oceanic travel1 x appe>s t ! f9ancial depression ( #ahhd kept _m p at home :o o!rwise might h cross$ ! ocean4 ,aft] t di/ress+ season _h pass$ travel resum$ its normal condition1 & an increase may be not$ ) ea* ye>4 ,:5 f9ances 9 ?is c\ntry _h be5 some:at adju/$ we f9d t #hf1cjb cab9 pass5g]s l&$ at ,new ,york 9 #ahhh4 ,!n came ! ,p>is ,exposition1 & ! record = #ahhi is #if1fhf4 ,t 0 ! greate/ ye> = ocean travel kn[n !ret(ore4 ,yet #ahij came along1 & ! record ( #ahhi _h be5 brok54 ,! total numb] ( arrivals ( cab9 pass5g]s = t ye> be+ #ii1ahi4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,saloon ( a ,hamburg ,/eam]4 ,^! figures mean t ,am]icans are gett+ ri* en\gh to travel3 no?+ m4 ,an ag5t ( an excursion company said to me dur+ #ahhi3 8,x doesn't ne$ an ,exposition 9 ,p>is to induce travel4 ,europe is ! load/one6 ,all we h to d is to %[ p t !y c get to ,europe at a mod]ate co/1 & t fet*es 'em40 ,! same m5 :o keep ^! records at ! ,b>ge ,(fice say t at lea/ eighty p] c5t4 ( ! arrivals f ,europe repres5t p :o live 9 ?is c\ntry2 t is1 t n m ?an #bj1jjj p dur+ #ahij arriv$ 9 ,new ,york :o did n live "h1 or :o 7 n return+ to _! homes4 ,fur!rmore1 x %\ld be not$ "h t ,new ,york has become to s great a degree ! port to :i* transatlantic bus9ess t5ds1 t n m ?an fifte5 p] c5t4 ( ei!r immigrants or cab9 pass5g]s l& at any o!r port4 ,a few g to ,bo/on1 or ,philadelphia1 or ,baltimore2 & a few come 9 via ,quebec & ! nor!rn bord]2 b ! figures at ,new ,york really repres5t ! volume ( pass5g] traffic4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,pilot ,bo>d+4 ,x is n possible to give an exact comp>ison betwe5 ! traffic n[ & :5 pass5g] /eam%ips fir/ began to run betwe5 ?is c\ntry & ,europe2 b x w be rememb]$ t ! ,cun>ds1 beg9n+ 9 #ahdj1 _h only f\r regul> vessels4 ,n[ !re are twelve /eam%ip l9es :o h regul> sail+ days ea* week1 & "s h sail+s twice & ?ree times a week2 !y all t]m9ate or beg9 9 ,new ,york1 & on ^! l9es !re are eighty-five /eam%ips :i* c>ry saloon & /e]age pass5g]s4 ,^! l9es make l&+s at ,que5/[n1 ,liv]pool1 ,s\?ampton1 ,havre1 ,brem51 ,hamburg1 ,moville 7,londond]ry71 ,glasg[1 ,antw]p1 ,b\logne1 ,rott]dam1 ,am/]dam1 & ,cop5hag54 ,no l9e employs less ?an f\r boats1 & ! ,hamburg-,am]ican l9e keeps n9ete5 9 commission4 ,! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd ,company has ! l>ge/ fleet ( express /eam%ips2 !re are twelve 9 commission betwe5 ,new ,york1 ,s\?ampton1 & ,brem54 ,?is great fleet ( eighty-five vessels is compos$ ( ! foll[+ l9es1 giv5 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 e/abli%$3 ,cun>d l9e1 #ahdj2 ,inman l9e1 #ahej2 ,allan l9e1 #ahec2 ,hamburg-,am]ican l9e1 #ahef2 ,an*or l9e1 #ahef2 ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd l9e1 #aheg2 ,fr5* l9e 7,compagnie ,gnrale ,transatlantique71 #ahfb2 ,guion l9e1 #ahfd2 ,:ite ,/> l9e1 #ahgj2 ,ne!rl&s l9e1 #ahgb2 ,r$ ,/> l9e1 #ahgc2 ,?+valla l9e1 #ahgi4 ,besides ^! l9es !re is also ! ,an*or l9e1 ,fabre l9e1 & ! ,florio l9e to ,m$it]ranean ports2 ,wilson l9e to ,london1 & also to ,hull2 ,national l9e to ,london1 & also to ,liv]pool2 ,hill l9e to ,london2 ,union l9e to ,hamburg2 & ,baltic l9e to ,/ett94 ,all ^! l9es c>ry pass5g]s4 ,?is record1 ( c\rse1 takes no acc\nt ( ! l9es to ! ,s\? ,am]ican cont95t or to ,pacific ports4 ,freight l9es1 ( :i* !re are sev]al1 are out ( ! "q = ! mom5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a great _m pass5g]s are m anxi\s ab\t ! table-f>e ^u an ocean /eam%ip ?an ab\t ! /ate-rooms1 saloons1 smok+-rooms1 & o!r matt]s ( transi5t com=t4 ,!re is really no ne$ = worry ab\t ! table4 ,!re is always en\gh1 & on ! be/ boats !re is always a great v>iety4 ,on "o ( ! rec5t dep>tures ( a great l9] f ?is port h] l>d] 0 /ock$ z foll[s3 #bj1jjj p\nds ( fre% beef 7a portion ( ?is1 al?\gh all 0 available1 0 int5d$ = ! return trip1 beef be+ *eap] "h ?an 9 ,liv]pool72 fre% pork1 #ejj p\nds2 mutton1 #c1ejj p\nds2 lamb1 #dej p\nds2 veal1 #ejj p\nds2 sausage1 #bjj p\nds2 liv]1 #bcj p\nds2 corn$ beef1 #b1ijj p\nds2 salt pork1 #b1bjj p\nds2 bacon1 #dgi p\nds2 hams1 #ejj p\nds2 tongues1 #h doz52 sweetbreads1 #bjj2 fi%1 assort$1 #b1ajj p\nds2 oy/]s1 #e1jjj2 clams1 #e1jjj2 s(t-%ell crabs1 #ejj2 gre5 turtle1 #bjj p\nds2 turkeys1 #ej2 geese1 #ej2 f[ls1 #bdh2 *ick5s1 #aej2 squabs1 #cjj2 snipe1 #ejj2 quail1 #ejj2 duckl+s1 #baf2 wild game1 #ajh pair4 ,butt]1 #a1ejj p\nds2 eggs1 #a1bjj2 cond5s$ milk1 #djj qu>ts2 fre% milk1 #a1jjj qu>ts2 ice cream1 #djj qu>ts4 ,apples1 #ab b>rels2 pe>s1 #aj boxes2 musk-melons1 #ajj2 wat] melons1 #fj2 oranges1 #af boxes2 pea*es1 #aj crates2 bananas1 #aj bun*es2 huckleb]ries1 #ajj qu>ts2 gooseb]ries1 #ajj qu>ts2 *]ries1 #bej qu>ts2 currants1 #ajj p\nds2 grapes1 #ge p\nds2 lemons1 #ad cases2 p9eapples1 #ajj2 plums1 #aej qu>ts2 /rawb]ries1 #bej qu>ts2 raspb]ries1 #bej qu>ts4 ,fl\r1 #abe b>rels2 potatoes1 #adj b>rels2 lettuce1 #gb doz52 asp>agus1 #cj doz52 gre5 peas1 beans1 tomatoes1 #ae crates ea*2 ,brussels spr\ts1 #aj baskets4 ,crack]s1 cakes 9 l>ge v>iety1 & a quantity ( pickles1 sauces1 spices1 extracts1 pts de foie gras1 truffles1 cavi>e1 cann$ & dri$ & fre% vegetables1 & g5]al groc]ies 9 ! mo/ g5]\s quantity4 ,ab\t #ejj o!r items appe>$ on h] li/ ( /ores1 besides w9es1 spirits1 be]1 m9]al wat]s1 cig>s1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"o ( ! bills ( f>e pres5t$ to fir/-cab9 pass5g]s f su* a commiss>iat is "h giv54 ,,s\ps4 ,turtle & ,spr+4 ,,fi%4 ,scot* ,salmon & ,sauce ,holl&aise4 ,,entr,,es4 ,blanquettes de ,p\let aux ,*ampignons4 ,filets de ,buf la ,bordelaise4 ,cailles sur ,canaps4 ,,jo9ts4 ,saddle ( ,mutton & ,jelly4 ,beef & ,york%ire ,pudd+4 ,york ,ham & ,*ampagne ,sauce4 ,,p\ltry4 ,roa/ ,turkey & ,truffles4 ,spr+ ,duckl+s4 ,,vegetables4 ,pommes de ,t]re ,du*esse4 ,asp>agus4 ,potatoes4 ,p>snips4 ,,sweets4 ,int]national ,pudd+4 ,rhub>b ) ,cu/>d4 ,/rawb]ry ,jam4 ,t>tlets4 ,s&wi*4 ,,pa/ry4 ,g5oese ,pa/ry4 ,m>lbor\gh ,pudd+4 ,gooseb]ry ,s\ffls4 ,lemon ,cream4 ,,dess]t4 ,seville ,oranges4 ,black ,hamburg ,grapes4 ,engli% ,walnuts4 ,madeira ,nuts4 ,cantal\pes4 ,caf ,noir4 ,foll[+ is a lit]al copy ( a bill ( f>e = a second-cab9 d9n] on a favorite /eam%ip3 ,,s\p4--,juli5ne4 ,,fi%4--,boil$ ,rock ,fi%1 butt] sauce4 ,,meats4--,h>icot ( mutton2 roa/ beef1 bak$ potatoes2 boil$ mutton1 cap] sauce2 ma%$ turnips2 potatoes4 ,rice pudd+2 apple t>t2 small pa/ry4 ,biscuits & *eese4 ,s ! accommodations on bo>d %ip h kept pace ) ! gr[+ traffic & ! increas+ dem& = luxuri\s appo9tm5ts4 ,vessels n[ are light$ by electricity 9 e qu>t]1 includ+ ev5 ! /e]age2 !re is ample room = ex]cises & games on deck2 !re are well-/ock$ libr>ies & music-rooms1 no well-ord]$ %ip be+ )\t a piano or organ1 & "s h bo?2 smok+-rooms are usually on ! upp] deck2 electric annunciators are h&y2 ba?-rooms are num]\s2 ! ?ra%+ ( ! screw is he>d fa9tly at ! wor/2 !re is pl5ty & a v>iety ( food2 & 9 %ort1 ! majority ( cab9 pass5g]s f>e = a week bett]1 & are surr\nd$ by m appo9tm5ts ( weal? & luxury1 ?an !y are accu/om$ to 9 _! own homes4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,end ( ! ,voyage4 ,"s specialty int]e/+ features h be5 introduc$ into ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd s]vice1 & also on ! express /eam]s ( ! ,hamburg-,am]ican l9e to make a voyage attractive4 ,among ^! is ! b& t accompanies e vessel4 ,! p]=m]s are ! /ew>ds ( ! second cab91 :o mu/ n only be good wait]s b also musicians z well4 ,!y play ?r\gh ! long fir/-cab9 d9n]1 :i* la/s f "o to two h\rs1 & aga9 on deck 9 ! ev5+4 ,!re are no ,sunday s]vices on ^! boats1 b 9 ! morn+ ! b& plays hymn tunes1 & 9 ! ev5+ !re is a 8sacr$0 conc]t4 ,all ,g]man & ,am]ican holidays are obs]v$ on bo>d1 special att5tion be+ paid to ! ,f\r? ( ,july & ,wa%+ton's ,bir?day1 & p>ticul>ly s on an ea/w>d trip if ! holiday occurs :5 ! vessel is only a day or s out f ,new ,york2 :5 ,*ri/mas comes to ! travell]s at sea1 !y f9d !mselves 9 ! mid/ ( a ,g]man fe/ival1 9 :i* !re is no lack ( a brightly adorn$ & illum9at$ tree4 ,! /e]age pass5g]s are n =gott5 on ^! occasions2 amusem5ts & a special fea/ are provid$ = !m4 ,! ,fr5* l9e has "s rem>kable features ( its own4 ,baggage may be *eck$ by x to any po9t 9 ,france4 ,! company provides a special tra9 t waits on ! /eam%ip dock 9 ,havre1 & on ! arrival ( ! vessel f ,new ,york takes ! pass5g]s & baggage to ,p>is at once1 & puts !m 9 close connection ) tra9s = o!r p>ts ( ! cont95t4 ,?is sy/em ( transf] & *eck+ baggage applies n only to cab9 pass5g]s1 b to ^? 9 ! /e]age z well1 & ! ,fr5* l9e is ! only l9e t makes su* arrangem5ts4 ,x is also ! only l9e 7except ! ,ne!rl&s :i* t\*es at ,b\logne = ,p>is7 t supplies immigrants ) all necess>y ut5sils1 includ+ b$d+2 &1 m ?an t1 x provides a :olesome w9e at all meals 9 ! /e]age1 & cognac once a day4 ,= ! la/ eight ye>s ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t h p]mitt$ "s ( _! naval (fic]s to comm& ! /eam%ips ( ! ,fr5* l9e1 & 9 case ( w> !y w\ld reta9 comm& ( ^! %ips1 :i* are specially con/ruct$ arm$ cruis]s4 ,all ! crew mu/ h s]v$ a c]ta9 "t on a ,fr5* man-(-w>4 ,fr5* fe/ivals & ,am]ican holidays are celebrat$ on bo>d by conc]ts1 balls1 d9n]-p>ties1 & extra luxuries at ! regul> meals4 ,ent]ta9m5t is provid$ = ! /e]age pass5g]s1 & a special m5u is furni%$ = ! fe/al days4 ,on su* occasions1 too1 ! %ips are gayly decorat$ ) bunt+ f /em to /]n4 ,ano!r unique & pleasant feature ( ! voyage on ! ,fr5* l9e is ! 8,capta9's ,d9n]40 ,?is takes place j previ\s to ! t]m9ation ( ! trip4 ,on ! ,briti% l9es ,sunday is suitably obs]v$2 ! capta91 9 full uni=m1 support$ by 8 (fic]s1 reads ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& s]vices1 to :i* all on bo>d are invit$4 ,am]ican & ,briti% holidays are also obs]v$ 9 a fitt+ mann]1 ! vessels be+ always 8dress$0 = ! occasion4 ,^! l9es also h a p>t+ d9n]1 usually "o or two ev5+s be=e arrival 9 port4 ,illu/ration3 ,rev5ue ,(fic] ,bo>d+1 ,new ,york ,bay4 ,all incom+ /eam]s are signall$ (f ,fire ,isl& or ,s&y ,hook1 _! arrival is telegraph$ to ! ,qu>ant9e /ation & ! %ip-news (fice1 & 9 ab\t ?ree h\rs ! vessel rea*es ,qu>ant9e f ,fire ,isl&1 or ab\t "o h\r f ,s&y ,hook4 ,at ,qu>ant9e ! heal? (fic] bo>ds h]1 & if x is f\nd t %e has no case ( contagi\s disease on bo>d %e is p]mitt$ to proce$ to h] dock1 :i* %e rea*es 9 ab\t "o h\r & a half1 includ+ ! "t ( exam9ation by ! heal? (fic]2 b if %e has any s]i\s case on bo>d %e is deta9$ at ,qu>ant9e until %e receives ord]s f ! heal? (fic] to l& h] pass5g]s4 ,z soon z ! vessel is report$ inside ,s&y ,hook ! rev5ue cutt] />ts d[n ! bay to meet h]1 ) ! cu/oms (fic]s on bo>d4 ,! bo>d+ (fic] places sev]al /aff (fic]s on bo>d1 :o g imm$iately to ! saloon1 :]e decl>ations are made & sign$ by ! saloon pass5g]s z to ! cont5ts ( _! trunks1 etc41 & all baggage is se>*$ on arrival ( ! vessel at h] dock1 :5 ^? :o attempt 8monkey+0 ) ! cu/oms (ficials w f9d out t ! little trick does n pay4 ,meantime1 h[ d ! /e]age folk get on8 ,m5tion has be5 made ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t bill ( f>e4 ,?is 0 in/itut$ :5 clipp] %ips 7 9 vogue4 ,x 0 ord]$ t a m9imum weekly all[ance ( raw food %\ld be provid$ = e adult ?ird-class pass5g] z foll[s3 #c-a_/b p\nds bread1 or biscuit1 n inf]ior 9 quality to navy biscuit2 #a p\nd fl\r2 #a-a_/b p\nd oatmeal2 #a-a_/b p\nd rice2 #a-a_/b p\nd peas2 #a-a_/d p\nd beef2 #a p\nd pork2 #b p\nds potatoes2 #b ounces tea2 #a p\nd sug>2 #a_/b ounce mu/>d2 #a_/d ounce gr\nd black pepp]2 #b ounces salt2 #a gill v9eg>4 ,a gov]nm5t inspector saw to x t ^! items or _! equival5ts 7 provid$ ^u ! dep>ture ( e %ip c>ry+ ?ird-class pass5g]s1 & t no %ip w5t to sea )\t be+ provision$ = ?irty days4 ,! all[ance1 h[ev]1 prov$ n to be altoge!r g5]\s1 & _m pass5g]s br\ght /ores ( _! own along4 ,9 any ev5t1 ea* pass5g] _h to prep>e 8 own meals at ! cook's galley1 = ! numb] ( cooks furni%$ 0 always insuffici5t4 ,! kit*5 is nev] commodi\s at ! be/1 abo>d %ip1 & x ne$s no imag9ation to picture ! /ruggle ( immigrants1 "o aga9/ ano!r1 = a turn at ! fire4 ,! gov]nm5t requisition is /ill 9 =ce1 b x is sub/antially a dead lett]1 = n only ! ,briti% b all ,european /eam%ip companies n[ provide ample f>e prop]ly cook$ & s]v$1 = all /e]age pass5g]s4 ,a "y man :o cross$ 9 ! /e]age la/ ye> describ$ 8 f>e to ! writ]1 ?us3 8,at breakfa/10 he said1 8we usually _h oatmeal porridge & molasses1 ) c(fee 9 pl5ty1 & rolls & butt]4 ,?is 0 v>i$ by ha% in/ead ( porridge on "s days1 or p]haps an ,iri% /ew2 b fre% bak$ rolls & butt] 7 always 9 abundance4 ,!re 0 always s\p at d9n]1 & "s boil$ beef1 pork1 or fi% ) potatoes & bread4 ,supp] did n am\nt to mu*1 b !re 0 pl5ty ( pla91 good /uff to eat4 ,roa/ beef & plum duff 7 s]v$ at ,sunday's d9n]40 ,?is food 0 s]v$ to ! /e]age pass5g]s by /ew>ds1 b !re 0 no plac+ ( di%es opposite ! pass5g]'s plate4 ,! g5]al meal 0 set d[n 9 ! middle ( ! table1 & 8help y\rself0 0 ! ord] ( ! day4 ,! /e]age pass5g]s d n cook _! own food n[1 b !y h to provide _! own cups1 plates1 & o!r ut5sils1 z well z _! own b$d+4 ,all capta9s ( pass5g] /eam%ips are scrupul\sly att5tive to ! ne$s ( _! /e]age pass5g]s4 ,n a day passes t !y d n make a p]sonal inspection ( ?is dep>tm5t1 & !y are always approa*able 9 ! ev5t ( compla9ts aris+ on ! "p ( ! poore/ travell]s4 ,x is relat$ ( "o old-"t comm&]--,capta9 ,john ,mireh\se--t 9 ord] to assure himself ( ! prop] quality & prep>ation ( ! /e]age food1 he inv>iably _h 8 lun* s]v$ f ! /e]age galley at ! d9n] h\r2 & he us$ to decl>e t 8 lun*es 7 z :olesome & palatable z he c\ld desire4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t /e]age pass5g]s are all immigrants4 ,odd z x may seem1 !re are _m _w w&]]s :o cross & recross 9 ! /e]age1 :o travel ov] great p>ts ( ! _w1 & :o1 9 _! class1 are z indep5d5t z ! m luxuri\sly accommodat$ cab9 p4 ,besides ^! curi\s *>act]s !re are ,scotti% c>p5t]s & o!r me*anics :o come ov] "h = a few mon?s at a "t to take advantage ( high] wages1 & :o return z !y came :5 ,*ri/mas draws nigh4 ,x w d\btless cause a/oni%m5t to mo/ read]s to le>n t :5 ! ,teutonic made h] la/ voyage to ,europe1 9 ,decemb]1 #ahij1 %e c>ri$ #a1djj pass5g]s1 m ?an #a1jjj ( :om 7 9 ! /e]age4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 ! ,/e]age4 ,! immigrant bus9ess has come to be s important a feature 9 transatlantic pass5g] traffic1 t x may n be un9t]e/+ to conclude ?is article ) a few figures t %[ some:at ( its gr[? & proportions1 & also ! me?od ( h&l+ ! immigrants4 ,at lea/ eighty-five p] c5t4 ( all immigration to ! ,unit$ ,/ates comes ?r\gh ! port ( ,new ,york4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,immigration 0 n e/abli%$ until #ahdg1 & previ\s to t "t records 7 r loosely kept4 ,! (ficial figures1 h[ev]1 h be5 obta9$1#ag %[+ t betwe5 #aghc & #ahdg1 #a1jfc1efg immigrants came to ?is c\ntry2 betwe5 #ahdg & #ahgc !re 7 #d1icc1efb2 a m>k$ fall+ (f 9 ! annual av]age occurr+ dur+ ! ,w> ( ! ,rebellion2 betwe5 #ahgc & #ahij1 inclusive1 #d1iaj1hfd4 ,immigration 0 heavie/ 9 ! ye>s #ahha1 #ahhb1 & #ahhc1 ! figures be+ #dda1jfd2 #dee1dej2 & #chh1bfg1 respectively4 ,! greate/ arrival ( immigrants 9 any "o day 0 on ,may #aa1 #ahhg1 :5 ne>ly #aj1jjj 7 l&$ at ?is port4 ,! greate/ numb] ev] br\ght by a s+le %ip 0 #a1gfg1 by ! ,egypt1 ,national l9e1 9 #ahgc4 ,?is good %ip 0 de/roy$ by fire1 ,july1 #ahij1 9 midocean1 on h] way to ! ea/w>d1 b =tunately n a life 0 lo/4 ,on ! arrival ( ea* vessel at h] dock %e is bo>d$ by ! ,immigration ,dep>tm5t bo>d+ (fic]1 & ! ,cu/oms inspector & 8 assi/ants2 ! latt] exam9e ! immigrants' baggage1 & sometimes add consid]able to ,uncle ,samuel's bank acc\nt 9 ! way ( duties or ! confiscation ( smuggl$ articles4 ,_! baggage is !n *eck$ & plac$ on bo>d ! transf] boats & b>ges1 :i* convey !m to ! ,b>ge ,(fice1 :]e !y are exam9$ by a m$ical /aff & !n pass$ to ! regi/ration dep>tm5t 9 t build+2 "h !y give _! "n1 age1 occupation1 nationality1 & de/9ation2 if !y appe> z ?\gh !y 7 liable to become a public *>ge1 9 compliance ) an ,act ( ,congress1 !y are return$1 by ! same vessel on :i* !y arriv$1 to ! place f :i* !y came4 ,b an opportunity is giv5 to _! fri5ds1 if any %\ld call1 to gu>antee t !y w n become a public *>ge1 & !y are !n all[$ to leave ! dep>tm5t 9 ! cu/ody ( _! fri5ds4 ,p>ties seek+ fri5ds call at ! in=mation bureau1 & if !y satisfy ! cl]k z to _! id5tity !y are all[$ to take _! fri5ds away4 ,on leav+ ! /eam%ip *ecks are giv5 to !m = _! baggage1 & x is /or$ at ! ,b>ge ,(fice free ( *>ge1 & kept till call$ =4 ,!re is a railroad ticket (fice 9 ! ,b>ge ,(fice1 :]e all ! trunk l9es are repres5t$ by "o g5]al ag5t1 a sort ( pool1 & "h ! immigrant c secure tickets to any po9t & h baggage *eck$ to de/9ation2 & at no o!r place c tickets be procur$ at su* l[ rates1 nor c anyone b an immigrant get su* a l[ rate4 ,ea* immigrant is all[$ #aej p\nds ( baggage free1 & ! railroad companies transf] !m & _! baggage f ! ,b>ge ,(fice to _! respective depots free ( *>ge4 ,a tempor>y hospital is locat$ 9 ! ,b>ge ,(fice1 :]e immigrants n s]i\sly ill are kept1 & ^? :o may h any s]i\s illness are s5t to hospitals "u contract ) ! dep>tm5t = su* pati5ts4 ,ea* /eam%ip company 0 =m]ly requir$ to pay to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury a head tax ( #b4ej = ea* ali5 /e]age pass5g]2 ?is fee 0 r$uc$ to #a4jj1 & "s ye>s ago x 0 /ill fur!r r$uc$ to fifty c5ts1 ! pres5t rate4 ,?is tax goes to :at is kn[n z ! ,immigrant ,fund4 ,9 conclusion ,i might truly say t ! mod]n ocean /eam%ip ( ! great l9es ,i h m5tion$ is ! embodim5t ( ! late/ a*ievem5ts ( sci5ce & art ( ?is enlight5$ age4 ,s rec5t are _m ( ! inv5tions t su* a %ip z ! ,city ( ,p>is or ! ,maje/ic c\ld n h be5 built t5 ye>s ago at any price4 ,! practical effect ( all ?is to ! travell] is to br+ him v mu* ne>] to ! ,old ,_w ?an 8 fa!r 01 & to make ! "t sp5t 9 cross+ ! once dread$ ocean a delightful s]ies ( summ] holidays4 ,footnotes3 #af ,see ! *apt] on ,! ,developm5t ( ! ,ocean ,/eam%ip4 #ag ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,essl+]1 assi/ant to ,capta9 ,john ,e4 ,moore1 l&+ ag5t4 ,,! ,,%ip's ,,company4 ,,by ,,lieut5ant ,j4 ,d4 ,,j]rold ,,kelley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,,navy4 ,,has ,,/eam ,,ru9$ ,,! ,,g5u9e ,,sailors ,,( ,,/ory ,,& ,,song8--,,haul+ ,a ,,l9] ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,liv]pool ,,docks--,,! ,,traits ,,( ,,ma/]-,,m>9]s--,,education ,,( ,,junior ,,(fic]s--,a ,,fire ,,drill--,,/[+ ,,! ,,c>go--,,d[n ,,! ,,*annel ,,9 ,a ,,fog--,,! ,,r\t9e ,,life ,,at ,,sea--,,! ,,trials ,,( ,,keep+ ,,wat*--,a ,,bo',s',n',s ,,"r ,,to ,,blu/]--,,/e]+ ,,by ,,/eam--,,scrubb+ ,,! ,,decks ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,wat*es--,,=malities ,,( ,,inspection--,,! ,,magic ,,doma9 ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e-,,room--,,picturesqu5ess ,,( ,,! ,,/oke-,,hole--,,messes ,,( ,,! ,,crew--,,! ,,noon ,,obs]vation--,,life ,,among ,,! ,,cab9 ,,pass5g]s--,,boat ,,drill--,,pleasures ,,t[>d ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,voyage--,,! ,,conc]t--,,sc5es ,,9 ,,! ,,smok+-,,room--,,wag]s ,,on ,,! ,,pilot-,,boat ,,numb]--,,fire ,,isl& ,,light1 ,,& ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,voyage4 ,:5 ! breeze is pip+ free & ! tide is runn+ /rong none b a ma/]-seaman may be tru/$ to haul out ( ! ,liv]pool docks a great ,atlantic l9]4 ,%\ld x be a leew>d ebb1 ) ! ,m]sey sp9n+ "u a flurry ( squalls & sn>l+ 9 angry eddies1 a quick eye mu/ mate a cle> wit to make ! trick a deft "o4 ,! manuvre is always a delight to ! m>9]1 let bo's'ns1 hopelessly splic$ to su* traditions z topsails reef$ 9 /ays bawl :at !y may ab\t ! dead days ( seaman%ip4 ,= "h are unfold$ ! my/]ies ( ! art1 & "h are ex]cis$ all ! high] qualities ( ! sailor1 & j z mu*1 believe me1 z 9 ! old times :5 ! gray pi]s & oozy quays 7 cr[d$ to *e] our fam\s clipp]s w>p+ 9 & out to ! music ( b>b>ic 8*anties40 ,bea*-comb]s1 %ore-hugg]s--m]e ,abraham's m5--w tell y ! poetry is gone out ( x all1 & w1 ) mu* damn+ ( _! eyes1 & %ift+ ( _! quids1 & hit*+ ( _! t>ry tr\s]s1 try to p]suade y t /eam has ru9$ ! g5u9e sailors ( /ory & ( song4 ,b ?is is m]e transpont9e nons5se1 = above & beyond ev]y?+ he :o comm&s a %ip1 smok] or sail]1 z x may *ance1 mu/ fir/ ( all be a seaman4 ,! dem&s ( mod]n sea life h increas$ ! responsibilities ( ! m>9]1 & 9 l measure ! pr(essional atta9m5ts requir$ are deep]1 broad]1 & high] ?an ev] be=e4 ,:at ! task ( haul+ out is1 y may be/ judge by not+ ! bulk to be mov$1 = y c nev] measure prop]ly ! enorm\s dim5sions ( ^! great /eam]s until y see !m loom+ 9 _! true proportions above ! walls1 & undw>f$1 z !y are 9 ! op51 by ! frame ( sea & sky4 ,! bulw>ks t[] l ! walls ( a =tress2 ! enorm\s decks sweep ) a %e] kn[+ no brok5 curve2 ! :eel-h\se lifts its w9d[s above ! life-boats1 sw>m+ /]nw>d l a s*ool ( pilot-fi%2 /ill high] ! bridges1 (t5 d\ble-ti]$1 span & grip ! /urdy /an*ions2 & dom9at+ all1 ! elliptical funnels rake jauntily1 & ! y>dless sp>s tap] till !y f9e away at _! %9+ trucks into graceful coa*-:ips4 ,%ip%ape & ,bri/ol fa%ion1 po9t-device 9 pa9t & poli%1 ! massive hull glides ov] ! quiet wat]s ( ! bas92 y cat* ! %e5 ( gleam+ brasses1 ( gli/5+ air-ports1 ( glaz$ :ite1 & lacqu]$ black4 ,ob$i5t z a brok5 colt to ! t\* ( ! helm1 quick 9 response z a high-br$ dog 9 a lea% to ! guid+ haws]s1 %e moves calmly--fit exempl> ( /r5g? rightly temp]$ by ev5 w--t[>d ! %>p turn :]e ! gateway op5s to ! riv]4 ,w9*es *att] noisily2 w9dlasses cl9k1 cl9k musically2 cap/ans rattle ) slack+ cables2 jets ( /eam d>t vici\sly2 ripples /ream /]nw>d to ! bubbles ( ! foamless wake2 ! tremul\s m9or1 m a wail ?an a song1 ( ! dock+ gangs work+ ! w>ps1 answ] ! *e]y 8,yo heave-ohs0 ( ! p on %ipbo>d2 & ! quick1 %>p ord]s f ! bridge are e*o$ by high-pit*$ answ]s f ! mates1 wat*+ ) w>y eyes ev]y:]e4 ,"o screw turns clumsily ahead1 ! o!r circles a/]n1 & !n ! %ip sw+s easily1 r\nd+ ! jagg$ corn] 9 ! h$ge ( /one ) a g5tl5ess leav+ feet to sp>e4 ,! b[ & /]n ent] fairly1 /raight z a mason's level1 ! op5 gateway2 a /ra9 is tak5 on ! l9e lead+ f ! qu>t] to ! pi] end2 a mom5t ( re/1 ( expectation1 succe$$ by "o ( d\bt1 foll[s1 & !n ! hail r+s out bli!ly f ! aft]-:aleback1 8,all cle>1 sir40 ,! h&le ( ! annunciator connect$ ) ! eng9e-room is jamm$ to 8h>d a/]n20 8d+6 d+60 r+s ! signal f bel[2 ! wat] gu%es 9 a turbul5t torr5t f ! outbo>d deliv]ies1 ! eng9es ?rob fi]cely1 back+ ) all _! /r5g?1 & z ! l9es are r5d]$1 slack$1 eas$1 let g1 ! /eam] cle>s ! pi]-end ) a ru%1 %oots f> into mid/ream1 & ?us beg9s1 wrong end =emo/1 h] voyage we/w>d4 ,9 ! optimism ( ! mom5t ! *ief (fic] & ! bo's'n gr[ g>rul\s ^u ! recondite subject ( an*or ge>2 ! junior (fic]s feel !y q des]ve ! good luck :i* makes !m ! hu/l+1 bu/l+ mates ( a crack rac]2 & m>itime ,jack1 /ill a little groggy & v mu* unwa%$1 blesses ! />s t h let beg9 ano!r 8v'yage ) an 'arf cr[n left ( 8 hadvance10 & ! prospects ( 8"s bloom9' ,am]ican tobaccy0 z soon z he's cle> ( ! tideway4 8,n a bad job1 sir10 said ! pilot1 z ! an*or takes ! bottom & ! %ip /raight5s a/]n f h] cable2 8seem$ tickli% a bit = a m9ute :5 !y 'eld onto ! spr+ s long1 sir2 b 'ere we are1 bung up & bilge free1 & ) ! looks ( a good run1 b>r9' ! fog p]'aps1 = ! morr]40 ,! capta9 answ]s smil+ly1 = ^! two are old fri5ds1 &1 :at is m1 ! haul+ out has be5 a jo9t ent]prise1 ?\gh ! s5ior gets ! cr$it1 z he %\ld4 ,aft] a c>eful survey ( ! an*orage & a ^w ) ! *ief (fic]1 ! capta9 ent]s 8 cab9 & buckles d[n to ! r\t9e "w1 & !re is always pl5ty ( t await+ him4 ,he gl[s pleasurably ov] ! h&y1 seamanlike way !y h left ! dock1 = nautical critics are pl5ty & ke51 & if he _h n tak5 up 8 b]? 9 ! riv] s clev]ly1 ! ill news w\ld h gr[n apace1 till1 ) unfair v>iations1 x rea*$ ! e>s ( _! high nobilities--! directors4 ,cle>-head$1 bra9y1 driv+ m51 are ^! ma/]-m>9]s1 & be>+ pati5tly a responsibility t ne$s an iron w & a c\rage falt]+ at no?+4 ,!re is no royal road to _! /ation1 nor c will+ h&s make !m :at !y mu/ be4 ,!y _c crawl ?r\gh cab9 w9d[s1 nor1 = t matt]1 come fly+ 9 a pi]-head jump ?r\gh ! gangway ) "o leg =w>d & ! o!r aft4 ,!y h to fight _! way ov] ! b[s1 & /ruggle out ( ! ruck & smo!r 9 ! fo'ks'le1 by /urdy buffet+ & h>d knocks1 by ! p]si/5t edg+ ( /\t %\ld]s back$ by /rong he>ts & /eady bra9s4 ,if x is 9 !m !y w make _! way 9 ! end surely1 & may set ! c\rse & /ump to w9dw>d z !y please1 :ile o!rs haul ! wea!r-e>-r+s1 & dr9k _! grog prote/+ly4 ,no2 ma/]-m>9]s are made1 n born1 &1 unlike _m ( _! bro!rs 9 ! gov]nm5t s]vice1 h to rise by en]gy1 pluck1 m]it--:y enum]ate !m8--by a hundr$ qualities ! _w is bett] = own+4 ,old ,pepys knew h[ ?is sea-kiss+ goes1 & tells u ( 8 favors 9 ?is wise3 8,t10 he writes1 8:i* puts me 9 a good humor bo? at noon & night1 is ! fancy t ,i am ?is day 7,m>* #ac1 #affi7 made a capta9 ( "o ( ! ,k+'s %ips1 ,mr4 ,wr5 hav+ s5t me ! ,duke ( ,york's commission to be capta9 ( ! ,j]zy1 444 :i* do? give me ! occasion ( mu* mir? & may be ( "s use to me40 ,?9k ( t1 y v5turesome die-h>ds1 :o l+] all y\r lives at ! l[] %e]pole1 a po/-capta9 by ! scrat* ( a p51 & above all m5 giv5 to a lubb]ly scriv5] & an ,admiralty cl]k at t4 ,all ^! eld] m]*ant-ma/]s are sailor-m51 "s s deep & dy$ 9 x t if y scrat* !m !y ooze t>1 & ?is br9y saturation has be5 inv>iably acquir$ "u sail4 ,aft] !y h _h _! %ips & made _m a voyage1 deep wat] & home1 r\nd bo? ,capes1 ea/ & we/1 :]ev] w9ds may bl[ & freight1 ! "m ( wages1 may l+]1 !y %ift into /eam1 b always 9 a subord9ate place4 ,%\ld !y /ick by "o employ !y are s5t f %ip to %ip1 work+ _! way upw>d until !y become *ief (fic]s ( ! *oice/ vessels 9 ! l9e4 ,"h !y mu/ wait = dead m5's %oes1 or resignation1 or =c$ retirem5t2 b :5 ! *ance comes !y are giv5 ! comm& ( ! small] & less important /eam]s ^u "s subsidi>y r\te4 ,!n !y ent] a new l9e ( promotion1 & we>y are ! ye>s ( wait+1 & bitt] sometimes ! disappo9tm5t1 be=e !y rea* ! high-wat] m>k ( _! s]vice4 ,&1 ) ?is h>dly e>n$ promotion1 d n come1 z 9 o!r pr(essions1 ease1 com=t1 & prop] recomp5se = duty well done1 b heavi] responsibilities1 h>d] "w1 & great] self-sacrifice2 :at is worse1 & ?is to ! %ame ( ! great /eam%ip corporations1 ^! gallant m51 ev5 at _! prime1 receive ! mo/ inadequate pecuni>y recognition = ! burd5 impos$1 = ! m5tal & physical qualities ex]cis$1 = ! exp]i5ce br\ght to be>2 inde$1 9 no o!r trade or pr(ession is equal ability s badly paid4 ,! junior (fic]s belong to all sorts & conditions ( m54 ,mo/ ( !m h _h to fight _! way1 ?\gh "s h p>5ts :o c\ld well af=d to pay a h&some premium = _! sea education 9 ! tra9+-%ips /ation$ (f ! pr9cipal ports4 ,"h !y are giv5 a /rict man-(-w> tuition1 ?\gh ! r\t9e ( /udies & drills is1 ( c\rse1 modifi$ to suit ! results expect$4 ,aft] _! appr5tice%ip is s]v$ !y g to sea1 usually 9 sail+ %ips2 & :5 lat] !y *oose /eam1 !y jo9 z f\r? or fif? (fic]s1 & ent] ^u a c>e] :]e _! future is a h>d b an assur$ "o4 ,9 ! l>ge employs !y are enc\rag$ to ent] ! ,naval ,res]ve1 & are giv5 "t = _! drills & opportunities to qualify = ! high] c]tificates ( ! m]*ant s]vice2 & s mu* are ^! privileges e/eem$ t y (t5 f9d on ! be/ /eam]s ( ! transatlantic l9]s "o-half ( ! (fic]s hold+ ma/]s' c]tificates & junior commissions 9 ! auxili>y gov]nm5t s]vice4 ,"u ! new regulations "s ( ^! (fic]s h1 besides ! gu>d-%ip drill1 tak5 a regul> t\r ( duty z lieut5ants & sub-lieut5ants on bo>d sea-go+ m5-(-w>1 & s f> ?is has prov$ a capital plan = bo? s]vices4 ,! nationality ( ! (fic]s is ,briti%1 naturally1 ?\gh ,engli% & ,iri% pr$om9ate1 ! ,scot*1 someh[1 tak+ m k9dly to ! eng9e]+ "p ( ! bus9ess1 & ! ,wel%m5 /ay+ at home4 ,!re is a well-f\nd$ belief t ! deck p are n sailor-m52 nor1 inde$1 are !y 9 ! majority ( %ips1 t is1 n sailors 9 ! true mean+ ( ! ^w2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 nei!r are !y ! m]e swabb]s ( decks1 scrubb]s ( pa9t-"w1 h&l]s ( ! =w>d & aft] ends ( trunks1 or reef]s ( hat-boxes & travell+-rugs _! critics w\ld h u believe4 ,!y belong to a special class1 n a v high "o f ! m>itime po9t ( view1 & are reasonably well fitt$ = ! "w expect$4 ,?is y may see at fire qu>t]s1 = example1 a drill :i*1 9 ^! times1 is always held be=e ! pass5g]s come on bo>d4 ,z ! al>m is s\nd$ by ! rapid r++ ( ! %ip's bell1 & ! comm&s are ho>sely %\t$ along ! decks1 y may notice1 z ! m5 ru% to _! /ations1 ! abs5ce ( ! al]tness1 neatness1 =eh&$ness :i* *>act]ize ! man-(-w>'s m52 b !y are /urdy & /rong & will+1 & ! e*oes ( ! ord]s1 8,fire =w>d6 ,ma9 deck4 ,quick's y\r play10 h sc>cely ceas$1 be=e a doz5 hose are c\pl$ & run out1 bucket & fire-ext+ui%] l9es are =m$1 axem5 & smo!r]s are ga!r$1 & h& & /eam pumps />t$ ) an en]gy promis+ a _w ( wat]4 ,grimy greas]s & /ok]s ru% f bel[2 /ew>ds hop ab\t z none b a /ew>d c2 & but*]s1 bak]s1 & electric-light-mak]s rally 9 _! appo9t$ places1 eag] = "w1 b 9 ! motley ( ,fal/aff's draft4 ,! capta91 wat* 9 h&1 receives ! reports t all ! dep>tm5ts h assembl$ & t abundant /reams h be5 9 op]ation 7ov]bo>d1 ( c\rse1 b 9 ! neighborhood ( ! fire7 9 blank m9utes--let u say ?ree1 z a fair av]age--f ! "t ! al>m 0 fir/ giv54 ,d y wond] if he smiles & says to 8 *ief (fic]1 8,v cr$itable1 sir2 v well done4 ,y may secure1 sir80 ,v well done x is1 & :5 y rememb] ?is is ! fir/ drill & _m ( ! h&s are new1 y may feel reasonably assur$1 %\ld any ord9>y fire break out1 t x is all ,lomb>d ,/reet to a ,tahiti orange x w be subdu$ mo/ promptly4 ,! pumps /op1 ! hose are unc\pl$1 "u-run1 & reel$1 &1 ev]y?+ be+ secur$1 ! %ip returns to its normal condition4 ,b n to re/1 = !re is no re/ =e & aft :5 a voyage is begun4 ,c>go & /ores h to be hoi/$ out ( ! light]s1 holds h to be /[$1 ge> secur$4 ,all day long ! c>go w9*es rattle1 & ! tackles rise & fall compla9+ly4 ,alongside a d\ble bank ( light]s cl+1 & ?r\gh c>go-ports & ov] ! rails ! freight p\rs ceaselessly4 ,! twilight deep5s ) />s2 a%ore ! ro> & traffic ( ! busy t[n are hu%$2 ! riv] banks are des]t$4 ,b "u ! dazzl+ arc-lights on %ipbo>d1 & f> into ! night1 toil+ m5 & sway+ bales & boxes ca/ fanta/ic %ad[s on ! breezy wat]1 & ab\t ! decks1 & 9 ! cav]n\s holds gap+ unsatisfi$ = ! fruits ( trade & b>t]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! next day ! pass5g]s come on bo>d1 & ! company's s]vants 9 ! t5d]s & light]s gleefully escape1 aft] bang+ ab\t & muddl+ ! baggage s m]cilessly t /ate-room trunks yawn bruis$ly 9 ! holds1 & huge *e/s1 bur/+ ) useless trophies ( travel1 lumb] up y\r n>r[ qu>t]s bel[--?is1 to ! despair & te>s ( =lorn wom5 :o pursue ! hapless purs] ) unrel5t+ fury :5 !y le>n t no?+ c be une>!d until aft] ! %ip has left ,que5/[n1 & t until !n !y mu/ hopelessly %ift = !mselves4 ,/eam is splutt]+ & flick]+ 9 little curls at ! escape-pipes1 ! (fic]s--e button ( _! be/ coats on duty--are at _! /ations1 ! pilot is look+ wis] ?an ev] pilot c\ld be1 & on ! bridge ) ! impati5t capta9 l+]s a repres5tative ( ! company4 ,by & by1 aft] ! f9al in/ructions are giv51 ?is p]son dep>ts1 & z he goes ov] ! side ! capta9 waves 8 h& 9 salute & !n gives a quiet ord] to ! *ief (fic]4 ,! :eel is %ift$1 ! cap/an reels noisily1 & l9k by l9k ! *a9 comes home4 ,at la/1 aft] a vici\s tug or two on ! cable1 ! gr\nd is brok51 &1 smo!r$ & sputt]+ ) cleans+ wat] f ! hose1 ! an*or1 r+ & /ock1 appe>s above ! foam-/reams rippl+ at ! b[4 ,:5 ! cat-fall is hook$ ! %ip's head sw+s ar\nd ) graceful %e]1 ! eng9es slightly increase _! spe$1 ! wake /raight5s its curves1 ! ensign dips 9 answ] to salutes1 & a long bla/ f ! :i/le sonor\sly claims ! "r ( *annel4 ,sl[ly1 c>efully1 ! gallant %ip ?reads h] way among ! fleet ( inw>d & outw>d b\nd %ipp+2 ! %ores d>k5 ) moi/ %ad[s & gleam 9 broad b&s ( fad+ sundrift2 ! lights ( ,birk5head & ,liv]pool gli/51 blaze1 tw9kle1 fade2 ! breeze bl[s ) spice ( salt & br9y coolness2 ! />s bl9k f silv]y /eel into po9ts ( gold5 fire2 & 9 ! we/1 :]e ! spl5dor & w>m? deep5 seaw>d1 ! roll+ mi/s1 z yet respl5d5t 9 borr[$ radiance1 close1 brood+ly1 z a pall4 ,sails burn 9 ! he>t ( ! sunset1 & long trails ( smoke %[ :]e o!r %ips h sunk bel[ ! v]ge4 ,f9ally ! b> is cross$1 ! lant]ns on bo>d ! ,nor?we/ ,light-%ip flame 9 ! />-gemm$ dusk1 & ) a sw++ grip ( ! :eel ! %ip is head$1 at half spe$1 j z night is fall+1 to cle> ! lights ( ,holyhead4 ,illu/ration3 ,d[n ! ,*annel 9 a ,fog--,a ,n>r[ ,escape4 ,^u ! bridge ! pilot & ! (fic] ( ! wat* pe] 8ahead & a/]n1 look to w9dw>d & to lee20 ! %ip slips & slides1 n[ to port & n[ to />bo>d1 dodg+ ! fleet int]-%oot+ ?is m>vell\s wat]way ) a weal? ( craft no o!r wat]s "k2 & ! look\ts glue _! eyes to _! quadrants ( obs]vation1 report+ lights & sails till ! confusion w\ld be inextricable1 save to ^! /eady n]ves f9d+ ! pa?way safely4 ,d[n ! coa/ ! vessel runs 9 ! d>kness1 fe>+ naught :ile ! />s %9e & ! horizon circles clean cut above ! foam-capp$ wat]s4 ,b z ! night gr[s ! air loses its briskness1 a light haze %r\ds ! sea1 & ! ,*annel fog rolls1 gho/like1 l&w>d4 ,soon only ! upp] />s glimm]1 ! moi/ure drips f ! rigg+1 ! iron rails & deck-h\ses are damp & clammy1 & ! lights are aureol$ ) a dull cl\d ( gray & yell[i% mi/4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,skipp]4 ,! capta9 takes 8 place ^u ! bridge1 ! eng9es are eas$ until1 to ! worri$ l&sman's e>s1 _! labor$ ?robb+ seems a devil's tattoo answ]+ ! grumbl+ & rumbl+ ( ! fog-:i/le4 ,bel[1 brawny1 sil5t m5 /& at ! lev]s1 ready at an in/ant to /op & back1 or g ahead1 j z ! em]g5cy may direct4 ,outside ! pilot-h\se ! qu>t]-ma/] /ra9s 8 e>s & pe]s n]v\sly into ! gloom1 yet al]t to pass any comm& giv5 to ! junior (fic] & to 8 messmate at ! :eel4 ,signals f fog-:i/les drift into !m f o!r grop+ %ips1 &1 at times1 spectral hulls & gho/ly sails loom close abo>d1 creep+ out ( ! curta9$ night or slipp+ l&w>d or seaw>d 9 se>* ( hidd5 port or roadway4 ,at regul> int]vals ! lead is ca/ & ! dep? ( wat] read f ! scale by ! unhood$ gl>e ( a lant]n1 & on ! *>t ! positions giv5 by ! s\nd+s are prick$1 to gu>d aga9/ ! tricks ( trea*]\s curr5ts4 ,& s ! *e]less night drifts sadly into a wan morn+1 & ! %ip creeps w>ily d[n ,*annel1 ! we>y vigil tax+ ! bra9s & bodies ( ^? :o mu/ seek no re/ because ( ! lives entru/$ to _! c>e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] ! pilot has be5 dis*>g$ & ! mails receiv$ at ,que5/[n1 & ! %ip has tak5 h] dep>ture f ! ,ro*e ,po9t ,light-%ip ev]ybody settles into ! r\t9e ( life at sea4 ,f ! beg9n+ wat*es h be5 kept rigor\sly1 & ! int]ior discipl9e & rules are s well-jo9t$ t ! %ip seems to run h]self4 ,y he> no j>r+ ( ! cogs1 feel on r\gh edges 9 ! mosaic1 ?\gh ! gov]nm5t is1 z x mu/ always be1 ! h& ( /eel 9 ! glove ( velvet4 ,! c>e ( ! %ip is unremitt+1 ev5 9 details :i* if set d[n "h w\ld seem trivial & f9icky1 & e h\r ( ! day has duties :i* are p]=m$ he>tily & ?or\ghly to ! foot ( ! lett] by ! (fic]s4 ,! numb] ( ^! may v>y on ea* l9e1 ev5 9 diff]5t %ips ( ! same employ1 b 9 ! l>ge/ /eam]s !re are1 besides ! capta91 ?ree s5iors & two juniors4 ,! ?ree s5iors keep ! wat*es1 & ea* dur+ 8 t\r ( duty has1 z ! capta9's repres5tative1 ! direct *>ge ( ! %ip4 ,! two juniors /& wat* & wat*1 t is1 f\r h\rs on duty & f\r h\rs (f1 ) a sw+ at ! dog-wat*es1 & c>ry on1 "u ! direction ( ! s5ior (fic]s1 ! r\t9e ( ! %ip4 ,normally ! (fic] ( ! wat* takes 8 /ation on ! =w>d bridge1 & ! junior (fic] /icks by ! :eel-h\se1 :]e1 aft] collect+ ! data he writes ! log-slate h\rly1 & sees t ! qu>t]ma/] /e]s ! giv5 c\rse to a nicety4 ,! fir/ night at sea ! />bo>d wat* 7! capta9's 9 m>9e law7 has ! eight h\rs out1 t is1 f #h ,p4,m4 to midnight & f #d to #h ,a4,m42 & on ! home voyage ! mate's wat* 7! port7 enjoys ! same sweet privilege1 ?us sanctify+ ! anci5t saw1 :i* insi/s1 "u p5alties dire1 t ! capta9 mu/ take h] out & ! mate mu/ take h] home aga94 ,! (fic]s v>y 9 _! me?ods ( keep+ wat*1 new %ips hav+ new rules1 z ,simple ,simon is suppos$ to h said :5 he 0 hu/l$ aft to /[ ! jib4 ,b to my m9d1 ^? favor$ 9 ! l>g] /eam]s ( ! ,:ite ,/> ,company are ! be/4 ,"h ! *ief (fic] /&s ! wat*es f six to eight & f twelve to two o'clock1 night & day respectively2 ! second (fic] keeps ! wat*es f eight to t5 & two to f\r o'clock2 & ! ?ird (fic] ^? f t5 to twelve & f f\r to six o'clock4 ,?is wat*-keep+ seems easy en\gh1 ev5 int]e/+ & excit+1 at lea/ s ,i h he>d n only f ! casual g5tleman :o worries ab\t critically 9 f9e wea!r1 b f t uneasy-m9d$ %uttl] :o skips across ! ,we/]n ,ocean half a doz5 times a ye> = no reason any sane man has yet discov]$4 ,b1 de>ly belov$ idl]s1 d n deceive y\rselves1 gett+ out ( b$ & walk+ on a ro( is any?+ b gay1 ev5 9 f9e wea!r4 ,9 /ormy seasons x is su* wret*$ "w t !n be m9e r to woo my bucolics1 my f>ms & g>d5s1 my =e/ glades4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,deck ,look\t--8,dang] ,ahead40 ,illu/ration3 ,on ! ,bridge 9 a ,gale4 ,leav+ out ( "q ! responsibility1 try & measure ! physical mis]y :5 gales are h[l+1 & spray is fly+1 & icy seas are %oot+ ov] ! wea!r bulw>ks1 & ! %ip is slamm+ along1 wall[+ 9 ! holl[s or wriggl+ on z5i?-seek+ bill[s4 ,x may be at night1 :5 y _c see a %ip's l5g? ahead1 & ar\nd y1 ?reat5+ disa/] & dea?1 are a doz5 vessels2 x may be :5 ! ice is mov+ & ! t[]+ b]gs lie 9 y\r pa?way4 ,!n ^? dreadful middle wat*es1 :51 aft] a h>d t\r ( duty1 y are r\s$ out ( a com=table b$1 & jump$1 half awak5$1 into ! *ill & mis]y ( ! gale-bl[n night ) e n]ve & muscle /ra9$ to ! break+-po9t4 ,no1 x is1 believe me1 ! h>de/ k9d ( h>d "w1 & x s saps ! body1 & w>ps ! temp]1 & makes ! be/ old be=e _! day1 t no self-respect+ "m w let h] daught] m>ry a man :o kn[s an o> f a f5ce-rail1 if he has le>n$ _! diff]5ces--wat*-keep+4 ,! f\r? & fif? (fic]s1 be+ "y & h>dy1 & presumably ) mu* to le>n & suff]--= suff]+ someh[ is consid]$ an ess5tial 9 sea-tra9+--are n suppos$ to ne$ adequate re/ or sleep1 & if t is n we>+ on %ipbo>d1 g f9d me a ballad-mong] to weave a rhyme = _! com=t4 ,! crew /& wat* & wat*2 b z !y c always /eal a com=t+ nap1 & h no responsibility1 !y "k little ( ! m5tal we> & te>4 ,! bo's'n & 8 mate look out = ! pull+ & haul+1 & = ! dre>y s++ :i* ! 8*anty0 man w$s to !m4 ,_! temp]s are always on edge1 & x is _! "p to buffet & blu/]4 ,^! are ! g5tlem5 y usually he>1 9 season & out1 bell[+ ab\t decks a highly g>ni%$ sea argot :i* no "o attempts to translate or deems ( s]i\s mean+4 ,occasionally1 too1 y may detect !m to leew>d ( ! h\ses1 skyl>k+ gloomily1 9 mom5ts ( =c$ gayety1 ) skulk]s & sea-lawy]s1 8fet*+ !m10 z !y describe ! pa/ime1 8a belt "u ! jaw10 or airily promis+ to 8knock0 _! 8bloom+ 'eds (f40 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 are ! vag>ies ( delegat$ au?ority1 & %\ld n less5 y\r reg>d = !m1 z !y are g5]ally good sailor-m5 aft] ! heavy insul> fa%ion4 ,y mu/ rememb]1 also1 !y enjoy a prescriptive privilege ( be+ mo/ noisy1 ( we>+ trem5d\s boots & v %abby clo!s1 & ( trill+1 l sea-l>ks1 ^u little silv]y :i/les1 :i* are kn[n indiscrim9ately z 8pipes0 or 8calls40 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,boatswa9's ,:i/le4 ,9 ea* wat* !re are ?ree qu>t]ma/]s1 g5]ally f9e specim5s ( ! ,briti% t>1 a joy to ! eye & a com=t to ! s\l1 notably 9 bad wea!r1 :5 !y *e] y ) a smile t soo!s z ! words !y may n utt]2 = by a m>itime fiction !y are always suppos$ to be at ! :eel1 & y mu/ n1 "u fe> ( keelhaul+1 talk to !m4 ,h[ patroniz+ & sympa!tic !y look1 :at a lot !y seem to "k1 :at beautiful gu]nseys !y we>1 & ) :at ease !y guide ! mighty vessel6 ,be=e ! introduction ( /eam /e]+-ge> two m5 7 always requir$ at ! :eel1 & 9 bad wea!r !re 7 f\r1 & sometimes six1 ) frequ5t reliefs2 & yet1 ) all ?is beef1 _m a poor fell[ has be5 maim$ = life by be+ toss$ ov] ! :eel-b>rel or jamm$ by ! spokes :5 ! %ip swung (f ) sudd5 lur* or broa*$ to be=e ! fury ( ! gale4 ,to-day x requires h>dly ! /r5g? ( a boy to 8re/ra9 ! rudd]'s ard5t ?rill10 ev5 9 ! heavie/ bl[s1 = ! :eel 9 evid5ce is m]ely ! pur*as+ end ( a me*anical sy/em t op5s & %uts ! valve gov]n+ ! /eam admitt$ to ! /e]+ cyl9d]s4 ,b be x lev] or n1 ! sailor grasps x /ill ) ! old famili> pose1 sway+ x1 8= ! good %ip's woe & ! good %ip's weal10 ) curv$ arm & gripp+ f+]s z he pores ov] 8 compass & keeps its lubb]'s po9t1 9 fair wea!r or 9 f\l1 plumb on a c\rse m>k$ to a degree ( ! circle4 ,he /&s a two-h\rs' trick & !n *anges places ) 8 relief1 ^: /ation has be5 outside ! :eel-h\se door4 ,! ?ird qu>t]ma/] keeps 8 wat* "u ! aft]-:aleback1 ready to ?r[ into action ! h& /e]+-:eel :5 ! signal is giv51 & z ?is happ5s seldom1 8 wat* is apt to be a dre>y "o4 ,! pump-wells are s\nd$ regul>ly by a c>p5t]1 s t possible leaks are sure ( rapid detection2 & h\rly e light & e corn] ( ! %ip is inspect$ by "o ( ! two ma/]s-at-arms1 :o con/itute ! police =ce ( ! %ip4 ,!y h "u _! special c>e ! /e]ages1 & a "p ( _! duty is--z _! phrase goes--8to *ase0 ! /e]age female pass5g]s (f ! upp] deck at dusk1 & to see t !y rema9 9 _! own ap>tm5ts until sunrise4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,cook4 ,fir/-class %ips mu/] f twelve to fifte5 m5 9 ea* wat*1 & all ( ^! are %ipp$ z seam54 ,( c\rse ! majority are su* only 9 "n1 ?\gh !re is always a def9ite numb] ( sailors among !m4 ,inde$1 to fly ! blue flag at lea/ t5 ( ! crew1 9 addition to ! capta91 mu/ be enroll$ 9 ! ,naval ,res]ve1 & to be an ,a ,b !re1 "o mu/ h&1 reef1 & /e] deftly4 ,^! are ! p :o 9 port /& by ! %ip2 t is1 ^? :o take1 z requir$ by law1 _! dis*>ges 9 ,liv]pool on ! return voyage & cont9ue to "w on bo>d at fix$ wages p] day :ile ! %ip refits & loads4 ,all h&s1 f ! skipp] to ! scullion's mate1 mu/ %ip at ! beg9n+ ( ea* run--mu/ 8sign articles0 z x is call$--be=e a ,bo>d ( ,trade %ipp+-ma/]4 ,z ! law has always reg>d$ ,jack z 8p>ticul>ly 9 ne$ ( its protection1 because he is p>ticul>ly expos$ to ! wiles ( %>p]s10 great /ress is laid 9 ^! articles ^u 8 treatm5t1 & !re=e !y exhibit 9 detail ! "* ( ! voyage1 ! wages1 ! quantity & quality ( ! food1 & a doz5 o!r p>ticul>s :i* evid5ce ! safegu>ds ?r[n ab\t ^! 8w>ds ( ! ,admiralty0 by a quasi-pat]nal gov]nm5t4 ,jack kn[s all ?is1 & be sure he /&s up mo/ boldly & ass]tively1 at times ) a great deal ( unnecess>y swagg] & b\nce1 = all ! articles--88 articles0--all[ him4 ,! boatswa9 selects ! %ip's company1 & ! sea-birds flutt] on bo>d usually a few h\rs be=e ! vessel hauls into ! /ream4 ,!y fly light1 ^! ,we/]n ,ocean sailors1 & _! kits are su* z begg>s w\ld laugh at ev5 9 ,ratcliffe ,highway4 ,g5]ally !y are 9 debt to ! ,sailor's ,home--!y pay sev5te5 bob a week = _! grub & lodg+--& _m ( !m j t\* _! advance money1 z a gu>antee ( receipt1 & !n see mo/ ( x disappe>1 = goods fairly furni%$1 into ! sup]9t5d5t's monk-bag4 ,b !y are philosoph]s 9 _! sad way1 & are apt1 if !y f9d !mselves safely on bo>d ) a c\ple ( %ill+s 9 _! 'baccy p\*es1 ) a pan1 an extra %irt1 a pannik91 a box ( mat*es1 & a b> ( soap1 to feel t ! an*or _c be tripp$ too soon1 z !y are equipp$ = an adv5ture any:]e1 ev5 to ! 8,h9jies1 hea/ or we/10 z _! doleful ditty ann\nces4 ,"u way or at an*or !y d n h _m idle mom5ts4 ,9 ! middle wat*es ! decks are scrubb$ ) s& & brooms & bru%es1 = ! old1 h]oic days ( holy-/ones are ov]1 & a hundr$ p\nds ( ef=t are no long] exp5d$ = an ounce ( result4 ,illu/ration3 8,mu/]1 all h&s40 ,illu/ration3 ,wa%+ ,d[n ! ,decks4 ,x might int]e/ ! pass5g]s--especially ^? :o look ^u a sailor z s mu* un?9k+ brawn--to he> ! ar*aic vocabul>y & ! emphatic dialects 9 :i* _m ( !m are sworn at by ^! same m>9]s4 ,inde$1 pass5g]s are a c>eless1 slov5ly1 & untidy lot1 & !re is sc>cely a s9 9 ! m>itime decalogue ( cleanl9ess !y d n commit un?9k+ly4 ,! p>ticul>ly (f5sive ones are soon s+l$ out & labell$ ) br9y1 (f5sive names2 & ?\gh !y "k x n1 ! =eca/le is at times lurid ) ! blood-curdl+ ana!mas laun*$ ^u !m4 ,9 ! morn+ wat* ! pa9t-"w is scrubb$1 & a deft clean] is ,jackie2 & f9ally1 :5 ! wea!r p]mits1 ! brass "w--bane ( e true sailor--is poli%$ till x bl9ks l ! ris+ sun 9 ! tropics4 ,?is scrubb+ & burni%+ & cleans+ runs 9 appo9t$ grooves ?r\gh e dep>tm5t1 & 9 no p]functory way1 = ea* day ! %ip is inspect$ ?or\ghly1 & ^u ! result dep5d ! reputation & ! advancem5t ( ! subord9ates4 ,v =mal inde$ is ! inspection1 :51 at elev5 o'clock 9 ! =5oon1 ! capta91 accompani$ by ! doctor1 beg9s 8 royal progress4 ,at ! bord]s ( ea* prov9ce he is receiv$ by its gov]nor1 :o conducts him ?r\gh its highways & its byways1 ?r\gh its lanes & %ad$ groves4 ,! purs] & ! *ief /ew>d are answ]able = all conc]n+ ! pass5g]s1 & scrupul\s & m9ute is ! exam9ation giv5 to ! saloons1 /ore-rooms1 pantries1 kit*5s1 bak]ies1 closets1 ba?-rooms1 & to su* cab9s & /ate-rooms z may be visit$4 ,!n foll[ ! /e]ages & ! 8glory hole0--?is la/ a d5 sacr$ to ! discom=t ( ! p]5nially nimble1 ( ! tip-extract+1 uncannily *e]ful1 & sorely tri$ /ew>ds4 ,! *ief (fic] is responsible = ! boatswa9's lock]1 ! =eca/les1 ! upp] decks1 ! boats1 ! :alebacks2 9 %ort1 above & bel[1 :]ev] dirt might bre$ disease1 no nook nor corn] is omitt$1 n ev5 t see?+ cauldron :]e ! lungs ( ! %ip brea! /eam & h] pond]\s muscles drive ! mighty screws4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! eng9e-rooms & /oke-holes ( a great /eam] are =bidd5 gr\nd1 are l&s taboo1 save to ^? specially ask$ to visit !m4 ,"h no int]ruptions may ent]1 = spe$ is ! price ( ceaseless vigilance1 & horse-p[] spells fame & divid5ds4 ,:5 y come to measure ! region fairly1 x broad5s into a wond]-l&2 x %apes itself into a twilight isl& ( my/]ies1 into a laboratory :]e grimy al*emi/s practise black magic & :ite4 ,at fir/ all seems confusion1 b :5 ! bra9 has co-ord9at$ c]ta9 factors1 h>mony is woo$ f discord & ord] em]ges f *aos4 ,x is 9 ! beg9n+ all noise & tangl$ motion1 & %9+ /eel & oily smells2 !n succe$s a vague s5se ( b>s mov+ up & d[n1 & d[n & up1 ) pitiless regul>ity2 ( jigg]+ lev]s1 keep+ "t rhy?mically to any /ray patt] y may fit to _! *ant+2 &1 at la/1 ! int]dep5d5ce ( rod grasp+ rod1 ( %oot+ /raight l9es seiz+ curv$ arms1 ( l9ks limp+ backw>d & wriggl+ =w>d ^u que] pivots1 dawns ^u y2 & 9 ! end y m>vel at ! nicety ) :i* lev]1 weight1 & fulcrum "w1 op5+ & clos+ hidd5 me*anisms1 & function+ ) an exactness t dignifies ! fraction ( a second into an appreciable quantity4 ,cranks :irl & :irl & :irl incessantly1 hold+ 9 moveless grip ! long %aft+ turn+ ! *urn+ screws2 pumps pulsate & ?rob ) muffl$ beat2 gauge-arms vibrate j]k+ly ab\t n>r[ arcs1 sett+ _! /&>ds ( p]=mance2 & ev]y:]e1 if y\r e> be tra9$ to ?is me*anical music1 to ?is symphony 9 /eam & /eel1 y see ! (fic]s & greas]s conduct+ h>moni\sly ! smoo?ly mov+ p>ts1 z soo!d ) oil & c>ess$ ) wa/e !y "w )\t j> or friction1 & despite ! gales toss+ ! %ip l a jolly-boat1 on ! angry ocean4 ,x is a magic doma91 & "o may well wond] at ! g5ius :i*1 pil+ prec$5t ^u prec$5t1 *a9s ^! =ces & makes !m labor1 ev5 on an un/able plat=m1 z _! ma/]s w4 ,9 ! /oke-hole1 h[ev]1 "o leaves beh9d ! =mal & ma!matical1 & sees ! picturesque ) all its dirt unv>ni%$1 ) all its d9 & clangor unsubdu$4 ,"u ! spl9t]+ silv] ( ! electric lamps cones ( light illum9ate great spaces g>i%ly & leave o!rs 9 unbrok5 masses ( %ad[4 ,?r\gh bulkhead doors ! r$ & gold ( ! furnaces *equ] ! reek+ floor1 & ! tremul\s ro> ( ! cag$ fires dom9ates ! sibilant splutt] ( ! /ream4 ,figures ne>ly nak$1 gritty & black ) coal1 & pa/y ) a%es1 & soak$ ) sweat1 come & g 9 ! blaz+ light & 9 ! half gloom1 & seem l nightm>es f fanta/ic tales ( demonology4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,/oke ,hole4 ,:5 ! furnace-doors are op5$1 ?ir/y tongues ( fire gu% out1 blue spirals ( gas sp9 & reel ov] ! bubbl+ mass ( fuel1 & great %eets ( flame suck half-burnt c>bon ov] ! quiv]+ fire-wall into ! flues4 ,) av]t$ heads & smok+ bodies ! /ok]s %oot _! slice-b>s ?r\gh ! melt+ hillocks1 & twi/ & turn !m until !y undulate l s]p5ts4 ,! iron tools bli/] _! h&s1 ! ro>+ furnaces se> _! bodies2 _! *e/s heave l ^? ( sp5t swimm]s1 _! eyes t+le 9 p>*$ sockets--b "w !y mu/1 !re is no escape1 no holiday 9 ?is madd5+ limbo4 ,/eam mu/ be kept up1 or p]haps a cruel record mu/ be l[]$4 ,fac+ ! furnaces1 ! holl[ up-scoop+ ( ! /ok]'s %ovel e*oes /rid5tly on ! iron floor1 & ^! spe$-mak]s pile coal on coal until ! fire fairly riots1 &1 half bl9d$1 !y /agg] backw>d = a cool+ respite4 ,b x is only a mom5t at ! be/1 = _! taskma/]s wat* & drive !m1 & ! tale ( furnaces mu/ d its /9t4 ,! noise & upro> are deaf5+2 coal-trimm]s trundle _! b>r[s unceas+ly f bunk] to /oke-hole1 or1 if ! %ip's motion be too great = ! :eels1 c>ry x 9 baskets1 & dur+ ! f\r long h\rs !re is no re/ = ^? :o labor "h4 ,9 ! l>ge/ %ips ! eng9e] =ce numb]s "o hundr$ & sev5ty m51 & 9 vessels ) d\ble eng9es ^! are divid$ into two crews ) a d\ble all[ance ( (fic]s = duty4 ,"o eng9e] keeps a wat* 9 ea* fire-room1 & two are /ation$ on ea* eng9e-room plat=m4 ,wat*es dep5d ^u ! wea!r1 b1 z a rule1 ! =ce1 (fic]s & m51 s]ves f\r out ( e twelve h\rs4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 ! wea!r be foggy or ! navigation haz>d\s1 ! s]vice may be m on]\s2 = !n (fic]s /& at ! ?rottles ) p]emptory ord]s to d no o!r "w4 ,9 reliev+ ea* o!r great c>e is tak52 ^? go+ on ! plat=ms feel+ ! w>m? ( ! be>+s1 exam9+ ! condition ( ! p9s & %aft+1 te/+ ! valves1 locat+ ! position ( ! ?rottles1 c\nt+ ! revolutions1 & by e te*nical trial satisfy+ !mselves be=e assum+ *>ge t all is "r4 ,9 ! /oke-hole ! same precautions are tak51 ! suffici5cy & saturation ( ! wat]1 ! temp]ature ( ! fe$1 injection1 & dis*>ge1 & ! /eam-pressure be+ v]ifi$ indep5d5tly by bo? (fic]s4 ,! pay ( ! *ief eng9e] is said to be ab\t #cj p] mon?1 9 addition to a commission ^u ! sav+ made 9 a fix$ all[ance ( coal = a giv5 horse-p[] & an assum$ spe$4 ,z "s %ips are economical1 ?is rea*es at times a h&some bonus4 ,& x is well ?is pay %\ld be l>ge1 = _m ( ^! (fic]s h giv5 _! be/ days to "o employ & des]ve mu* ( x 9 e way4 ,x is said t "s ( ! old *iefs are ! greate/ travell]s 9 ! _w1 s f> z miles cov]$ may c\nt4 ,"h1 = example1 is "o :o has made 9 "o l9e #acb r\nd trips1 or trav]s$ #hda1jjj %ore miles--a di/ance f\r times t betwe5 ! e>? & ! moon2 & /ill high] is ! record ( ano!r1 :o complet$ be=e 8 retirem5t #aed r\nd trips1 or made 9 di/ance ov] "o million ( /atute miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 ! ,fo'ca/le4 ,! messes ( ! crew are divid$ into ?ree classes3 ,fir/1 t ( ! seam51 qu>t]ma/]1 c>p5t]1 etc42 secondly1 t ( lamp-trimm]s & s]vants & miscellane\s p2 & ?irdly1 t ( ! /ok]s1 greas]s1 & trimm]s4 ,! seam5 sleep & mess 9 ! =eca/le1 ! /ew>ds 9 ! glory hole1 & ! eng9e] =ce 9 ! port =eca/le1 or1 on bo>d ! new %ips1 9 an ap>tm5t j =w>d ( ! /oke-hole4 ,9 all ^! qu>t]s ! mess-tables trice up to ! "u side ( ! upp] deck1 & ! bunks are two or ?ree ti]s deep4 ,z a rule ! m5 provide _! own b$d+ & table-ge>1 ! company agree+ to give good food 9 pl5ty1 b no?+ m4 ,?is seems %abby1 ev5 if 9 ^! deg5]ate days we ne$ n hope to f9d a %ip's husb& l ,sir ,francis ,drake1 :o n only 8procur$ a complete set ( silv] = ! table1 & furni%$ ! cook-room ) _m vessels ( ! same metal1 b engag$ sev]al musicians to accompany !m40 ,i am afraid ! only music y w he> 9 ^! dre>y qu>t]s is ! %\t :5 ! 8snipes10 z my lieges ! /ok]s call ! coal-trimm]s1 ru% 9 at eight 9 ! ev5+ ) ! high fea/ kn[n z ! black pan4 ,?is olla podrida consi/s ( ! rema9s ( ! saloon d9n]1 & is always sav$ = ! wat* by ! cooks & bak]s 9 paym5t = ! coal hoi/$ = ! kit*5s & galleys4 ,x is a grewsome fea/1 z "o may well imag9e1 b x is ! supreme luxury 9 ! sea life ( ! /ok] & 8 pals1 & is enjoy$ po9t1 blade1 & hilt4 ,?r[n toge!r z ! p are = a run only1 y f9d little ( ! messmate k9%ip :i* is s /rong 9 long] voyages among seaf>+ m54 ,%\ld any "o ( !m become unfit = "w ?r\gh sickness 7& v ill he mu/ be :5 ! doctor excuses him f duty71 8 mates1 ! "o he %\ld h reliev$ & ! o!r :o w\ld h reliev$ him1 ea* /& two h\rs ( 8 wat*4 ,b z ! att5dant abuse is great1 & ! curses are l\d & deep & bitt]ly p]sonal1 no "o1 save a v h>d case1 w leave 8 "w z long z he c /& up to x4 ,z = k9dness & usefulness1 or any o!r sav+ grace1 !y are unkn[n2 are1 9 ! grim pessimism ( ?is iron trade1 nev] expect$4 ,x is a h>d1 h>d life1 measur$ by dec5t /&>ds1 & messieurs1 :5 y /ray bel[1 &1 z tradition dem&s1 !y 8*alk y0--r+ y ab\t ) ! my/ic circle :i* means dr9k-money--be sure ! ransom is n nigg>d1 be c]ta9 t ) x y l5d !m f y\r bright] _w ! sun%9e ( a *e]y greet+1 ! tonic ( a fri5dly smile4 ,=1 ,god help !m1 !y ne$ x always4 ,! inspection is f9i%$ a little aft] sev5 bells1 & "o by "o ! (fic]s /raggle on deck ) _! sextants4 ,%\ld x be a f9e day1 ) mod]ate wea!r1 ! noon obs]vation = latitude is a simple "o & is always s\ght2 ?\gh1 9 ! op51 ^! p runn+ 9 regul> lanes c place great dep5d5ce on _! eng9e revolutions1 _! well-tri$ compasses1 &1 if ! spe$ is n excessive1 ^u _! taffrail logs4 ,:5 ! sun crosses ! m]idian twelve o'clock is report$1 & 8eight bells are made0 by ! capta91 = no less] p]sonage d>e trifle ) ! a/ronomical proprieties h$g+ ab\t ?is occult c]emony4 ,! %ip's "t1 h[ev]1 rema9s unalt]$1 until ! clocks are correct$ at midnight f calculations bas$ ^u ! *ronomet] tick+ /olidly 9 ! *>t-room4 ,9 ! sweep ( mod]n progress ! sacr$ rite ( heav+ ! log is no long] celebrat$4 ,! spe$ is n[ too great = t r\gh-&-ready hit-&-miss at di/ance run3 & ) its disuse1 worse luck1 a fund ( old-"t pleasant raill]y has be5 eclips$4 8,h[ fa/ are y go+1 my man80 0 an inv>iable "q ( ! inevitable1 curi\s pass5g] to ! ,jackie walk+ away ) ! dripp+ log-l9e4 8,f\rte5 & a ,dut*man1 sir10 w\ld be 8 answ]1 or1 if aga9 press$1 8,?irte5 & a m>9e10 he w\ld reply1 gravely1 to ! joy ( 8 gr9n+ %ipmates & to ! my/ification ( ! que/ion]4 ,b n[ no long] does ! reel turn swift1 no long] does ! s& run dry1 no m ! *ip dances on ! waves or tugg+ l9e /ra9 brawny muscles4 ,to-day ! spe$ is read (f f a little cyl9d] :i* twi/s its dials on ! wea!r rail4 ,illu/ration3 ,wat*+ = ! ,sun on a ,cl\dy ,day4 ,illu/ration3 ,night ,signall+4 ,! obs]vations are work$ out indep5d5tly by ! *ief & second (fic]s1 & ! =m] submits 8 results to ! capta94 ,( c\rse ^! calculations _c h ! exactness ( a/ronomical "w a%ore1 & luckily on ! high sea ?is is n ne$$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ov]-precision (t5 multiplies ! error1 & x is good navigation if y c say ) assurance t ! %ip is any:]e )9 an enclos+ circle five miles 9 diamet]4 ,( c\rse x is widely diff]5t :5 a vessel is runn+ 9 = ! l& or coa/+1 = !n ! s\nd+s1 ! cross-be>+s ( well-kn[n m>ks1 & ! cont\r l9es1 enable ! position to be m>k$ ) v great accuracy4 ,! noon position ( ! %ip is--next to d9n]--! great ev5t ( ! day1 & _m are ! pools & bets made on ! figures ( ! run2 n only z to ! di/ance1 b z to ! probable "t ( arrival4 ,= if ! voyage be n[ half ov]1 ! novelty ( sea life is at l[ ebb1 & ! pass5g]s1 save a few irrepressible spirits1 h laps$ into a g5tle melan*oly induc$ by ! monotony ( wat]1 wat]1 wat] ev]y:]e4 ,!y are tir$ ( ! sea1 ( ! %ip1 ( ! cook+1 ( ea* o!r1 9 %ort1 ( ev]y?+1 & are anxi\s only to arrive4 ,!y h divid$ & subdivid$1 & diff]5tiat$ into cliques1 & h nurs$ dislikes1 usually f\nd$ on fem99e fancies1 until ^! h become mortal antipa?ies4 ,9 a p]functory way !y foll[ a r\t9e :i* f9ally drags a l5g!n+ *a94 ,!y get up & pit*=k on _! clo!s1 & eat1 l\nge ab\t1 doze1 muffl$ to ! eyes1 9 la%$ /eam] *airs1 read languidly1 gossip spitefully1 & eat1 & eat1 & eat1 & !n1 we>i$ to bitt] bor$om1 g to b$ aga94 ,! m5 dr9k m ?an is good = !m1 inde$ "s ( !m h an eag] & a nipp+ air all day long2 & z = smok+1 :y1 ^? :o c are bl[+ moi/ & soggy we$s & fondl+ explosive pipes f morn till dewy eve4 ,! noisy ones--& :at nuisances !y are ) _! aggressively robu/ heal? & unfail+ *e]fulness--play all mann] ( /upid sea-games1 horse-billi>ds1 quoits1 & %uffle-bo>d1 & sometimes v5ture ^u su* silly practical jok+ t y wi% a sea w\ld wa% !m ov]bo>d4 ,no "o sees mu* ( ! %ip's (fic]s except p]haps ! ubiquit\s purs] & ! amiable doctor1 & h[ ^! two1 h>ri$ & beset z !y are by a hundr$ c>es1 by ! little mis]ies ( o!r p1 c pres5t an unfail+ front ( c\rtesy1 c g smil+ly & *e]ily ab\t _! duties1 is "o ( ! sea my/]ies yet unsolv$4 ,bl[ high or l[1 & 9 fair wea!r or f\l1 !y are ev] ! same1 bright1 beam+1 optimi/ic1 enc\rag+--8fre% z a g>d5 rose1 soo?+ z an upl& w9d0--& kn[+ ! /ra9 put ^u y by silly m5 & fretful wom51 g5tlem51 ,i salute y1 *apeau bas4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,deck ,/ew>d4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !re 0 a /ruggle = seats at ! capta9's table1 & he>tburn+s are n unkn[n to ^? :o sit a little l[] at ! fea/4 ,b ^! are n ! wise or w>y ones1 n ! t\gh & devili% sly travell]s :o "k _! bread w be be/ butt]$ by rally+ ar\nd ! purs] or =m+ 9 holl[ squ>es ab\t ! %r9e :]e ! doctor sits en?ron$4 ,! capta9's duties p]mit him to g bel[ r>ely save at d9n]-"t1 & z = ! o!r (fic]s1 !y live & mess alone & are z cloi/]$1 s f> z ! pass5g]s c\nt1 z ! prea*+ fri>s ( ,sa9t ,dom9ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,capta9's ,breakfa/4 ,once 9 e voyage boat drill is held1 & sadly insuffici5t = ! p on bo>d is ?is same boat equipm5t4 ,b ! drill is usually a passably fair "o1 &1 giv5 "t1 adequate p]haps = any dem&s made ^u ! %ip by outside di/ress4 ,& let x be add$ t nev] yet1 :5 ! ^w has be5 giv51 h ^? gallant m5 :o walk _! wat*es s quietly & s uncompla9+ly1 be5 kn[n to fail if succor 7 ne$$ by helpless m>9]s4 ,x may be t dea? />es !m 9 ! face1 t _! mission may be ano!r trag$y1 b !y nev] "q4 ,honor to !m & to all ! unrecord$ h]oes1 ! uncr[n$ m>tyrs ( t we/]n passage4 ,:o may numb] !m8 :o tell _! gallant de$s8 ,true desc5dants are !y ( ^? 8:o fir/ w5t out across ! unkn[n seas1 fight+1 discov]+1 coloniz+1 & grav+ out *annels ?r\gh :i* ! comm]ce & ent]prise ( ,engl& h fl[$ out ov] all ! _w40 ,y may c\nt1 z a rule1 ^u disagreeable wea!r 9 ! ,we/]n ,ocean1 & ?is tries ! temp] ( p :o might be sa9ts a%ore2 &1 say :at y w1 ev5 "u ! mo/ promis+ environm5ts1 wom5 are out ( place on %ipbo>d4 ,h[ev]1 if ! days are reasonably pleasant z ! voyage %ort5s1 ! monotony becomes s mu* a habit z to be no long] a burd54 ,! little animosities :i* seem$ et]nal disappe>1 & fri5d%ips are made1 & t[>d ! end all b ! h>d5$ cases1 ! m5tal dyspeptics1 or ^? to :om sea-sickness is a s]i\s matt]1 really enjoy ! voyage4 ,! tonic ( ! sea-air c\rses l an elixir 9 ! blood3 "y wom5 beg9 to take notice1 & y he> rippl+ laught]1 & see1 9 place ( gloom1 ! sun%9e ( happy smiles4 ,?is is usually ! season :5 ! conc]t is giv51 & ! uneasy spirits ( ! %ip exploit ! tal5t !y h discov]$4 ,usually !re are a doz5 mild r[s ov] ?is p]=mance1 & inv>iably a great dispute z to ! di/ribution ( ! money4 ,?is is apt to divide ! %ip tempor>ily into two w>r+ camps1 b 9 ! end ! %ip's (fic]s h _! way1 & ! ,am]ican doll>s j+le musically 9 ,engli% contribution boxes4 ,m or less jollity is always afloat 9 ! smok+-room1 = "h eddy ! flotsam & jetsam ( ! %ip4 ,"h1 too1 ! speculative g5tlem51 _! fri5ds & lambs1 usually play c>ds f e>ly =5oon till ! lights are turn$ out4 ,!re is n mu* gr[l+ among ^! indu/ri\s workm51 ?\gh at times :5 jack-pots g "o way1 & ! kitty or wid[ is l>ge en\gh to make ! los]s boi/]\sly ass]tive1 y may he> %>p words ov] ! reckon+4 ,z = ^? :o enjoy a quiet rubb]1 !y mu/ f9d ano!r retreat2 ! smok+-room is rul$ by ! gods ( clamor4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,night ,signal ( a ,disabl$ ,/eam]4 ,& s ! la/ days are apt to ru% along pleasantly en\gh2 ! solitude *e]$ by pass+ vessels & ! lazy r\t9e ( ! %ip enliv5$ by cong5ial companion%ips newly f\nd4 ,! edge ( ! ,gr& ,banks is skirt$ happily )\t injury to ! d>+ fi%]m52 ! ,georges are r\nd$1 & !n1 oh1 happy h\r = _m homesick he>ts6 ! cry 8,sail ho0 r+s out ) new] mean+1 & a graceful pilot-boat w+s t[>d !m l ! fabl$ sea-bird4 ,h[ !y greet ! bluff pilot1 com+ z he does to _! seem+ helplessness out ( ! kn[n & ! endur+4 ,! speculative pass5g]s f9d an especial int]e/ 9 ! incid5t1 = no pools are m favor$ ?an ^? made on ! numb] ( ! boat1 no bets m frequ5t ?an :e!r ! figures are odd or ev54 ,aft] ! assurance t ! 8pilot is really on bo>d0 ov]-sangu9e & inexp]i5c$ females madly ru% bel[ & pack _! trunks & get ready = an imm$iate %ore-flitt+1 afraid1 p]haps1 !y w be late2 b !re is _m & _m a toss+ mile yet to /eam ere ! s]vices ( ! adv5tur\s pilot w be ne$$4 ,/ill1 a new delight possesses ev]ybody1 & x gr[s z ! h\rs fly1 until at la/1 x may be at night1 p]haps1 "s "o bur/s brea?lessly into ! cr[d$ smok+-room or b>1 & cries exult+ly3 8,!re %e is1 ,fire ,isl& ,light1 "r ov] ! />bo>d b[40 ,joy\s faces ga!r ne> ! cr[d$ bulw>ks1 & eag] eyes hail ) gladness ! %9+ petals ( t rose ( flame :i* blossoms unfail+ly above ! %oal+ wat]s2 = ! voyage is ne>ly ov]1 & ! morr[ means to "s ! m>vels ( an unkn[n l&1 to o!rs1 luckie/ & happie/ ( all1 home & de> ones4 ,,safety ,,on ,,! ,,atlantic4 ,,by ,,william ,h4 ,,ride+4 ,,! ,,dang]s ,,( ,,! ,,sea--,,precautions ,,9 ,a ,,fog--,,anxieties ,,( ,,! ,,capta9--,,creep+ ,,up ,,! ,,*annel--8,,a%ore ,,at ,,s\? ,,/ack0--,,n>r[ ,,escape ,,( ,,! ,,baltic--,,"s ,,notable ,,%ipwrecks--,,/ati/ics ,,s9ce #ahch--,,! ,,region ,,( ,,iceb]gs--,,:5 ,,!y ,,are ,,mo/ ,,frequ5t--,,calamities ,,f ,,ice--,,safety ,,promot$ ,,by ,,spe$--,,mod]n ,,protection ,,f ,,incom+ ,,seas--,,bulkheads ,,& ,,d\ble ,,bottoms--,,wat] ,,tight ,,comp>tm5ts--,,! ,,special ,,advantage ,,( ,,! ,,longitud9al ,,bulkhead--,,! ,,value ,,( ,,tw9 ,,screws--,,dang]s ,,f ,a ,,brok5 ,,%aft--,,improvem5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,m>9]',s ,,compass1 ,,! ,,pat5t ,,log1 ,,& ,,s\nd+ ,,ma*9e--,,manganese ,,bronze ,,= ,,propell]s--,,lights1 ,,buoys1 ,,& ,,fog ,,signals--,,! ,,rem>kable ,,record ,,( #ahij4 ,x is n :5 ! seas come p\nd+ ov] ! b[s t ! capta9's face l5g!ns4 ,ev5 :5 x is necess>y to keep ! pass5g]s bel[1 & ! spray is c>ri$ z high z ! =etop1 8 confid5ce 9 8 %ip is unabat$4 ,8 spirits d n fall ) ! b>omet]1 & ?\gh ! cl\ds hang l[1 & ! air is fill$ ) /++ moi/ure fly+ l sleet f ! hiss+ sea--ev5 :5 boats are torn out ( ! davits1 & iron bitts & v5tilators are snapp$ f _! fa/5+s l pipe-/ems1 he has no misgiv+ z to ! ability ( ! %ip to wea!r ! gale1 or ! fi]ce/ hurricane t c bl[4 ,give him an op5 sea1 )\t haze1 or fog1 or sn[1 & nei!r w9d nor wave c al>m him4 ,he kn[s v well1 z all :o are exp]i5c$ 9 su* matt]s d1 t ! mod]n /eam]s ( ! great ,atlantic l9es are s c>efully con/ruct$1 & ( su* /r5g?1 t ! f\nd]+ ( "o ( !m ?r\gh /ress ( wea!r alone is well-nigh inconceivable4 ,b :5 a fog desc5ds1 !n x is t 8 face & mann] *ange1 & he :o has be5 ! mo/ sociable & gaye/ ( m5 sudd5ly becomes ! mo/ anxi\s & taciturn4 ,8 seat at ! head ( ! table is vacant2 look = him & y w n f9d him1 z 9 fair wea!r1 div]t+ gr\ps ( girls tuck$ up 9 /eam]-*airs on ! prom5ade-deck1 b pac+ ! bridge & puff+ a cig> :i* app>5tly has n be5 all[$ to g out s9ce x 0 light$ z ! big %ip back$ f h] :>f into ! ,nor? ,riv]4 ,:]ev] & :5ev] x occurs1 fog is a s\rce ( dang] f :i* nei!r prud5ce nor skill c gu>antee immunity3 & :e!r ! %ip is sl[$ d[n or go+ at full spe$1 !re is cause = fe> :ile ?is gray bl9dness baffles ! eyes4 ,) pl5ty ( sea-room ! dang] is lea/1 & x increases ne> l&1 especially :]e ! coa/ is wild & brok51 l t ( ,irel& & ,wales1 & :]e !re are _m vessels z well z rocks to be pass$4 ,probably ! capta9 dreads b "o ?+ m ?an a fog :i* comes d[n :5 he is mak+ l&4 ,:5 he c see ! famili> lights & promontories1 he c v]ify ! position ( ! %ip & *eck 8 daily obs]vations ( ! sun4 ,!n x is pla9 sail+ into port4 ,b :5 ! /ronge/ light is qu5*$ & e well-kn[n l&m>k is hidd51 & he has to feel 8 way ) only ! compass & ! s\nd+ ma*9e to guide him1 ! consci\sness t a slight div]g5ce f ! prop] c\rse may lead to disa/]1 keeps him on ! p9s & ne$les ( anxiety1 & se>s 8 bra9 to con/ant wakefulness1 z ) a br&+-iron4 ,illu/ration3 ,out ( ,reckon+4--,a ,n>r[ ,escape4 ,a />tl+ exp]i5ce may be recall$3 ,! %ip _h swept d[n f ! 8nor'ard0 l an arr[ foll[+ ! curve ( its own b[1 & x 0 promis$ t we %\ld see l& e>ly 9 ! aft]noon & rea* ,que5/[n soon aft] sund[n4 ,! wea!r c\ld n h be5 bett]2 x 0 cle> & mild1 & ! air1 ! wat]1 & ! sky 7 t+$ ) ! silv]y p9ks & grays :i* (t5 appe>1 l "m-(-pe>l1 9 ! atmosph]ic effects ( t s\!rn coa/4 ,flocks ( birds 7 re/+ on ! surface ( ! calm sea & :eel+ ar\nd ! %ip1 ! gulls sw++ )9 arm's l5g? ( ! pass5g]s lean+ aga9/ ! rail4 ,we /eam$ 9 among a fleet ( fi%+-boats ) r$ sails--close en\gh to he> ! greet+s ( ! m51 & ^! voices made ! assurance ( l& d\bly sure4 ,!n x 0 :isp]$ t l& c\ld be se51 & ! se>*]s swept ! ea/]n horizon ) _! glasses to f9d x4 ,!y made _m mi/akes ab\t x1 & explor$ ! cl\ds1 delud+ !mselves ) ! idea t =ms ( rosy vapor 7 ! ,k]ry ,m\nta9s4 ,!y insi/$ ^u x1 b pres5tly ! coa/ def9$ itself to a c]ta9ty1 com+ out ( ! di/ance 9 bold masses ( peak & precipice1 fr+$ ) a l9e ( surf4 ,! capta9 0 9 8 gaye/ mood4 ,! baggage ( ! pass5g]s = ,que5/[n 0 :ipp$ out ( ! hold by ! /eam w9* & pil$ up on ! ma9 deck1 & !y !mselves 7 sm>tly dress$ to g a%ore4 ,already f>ewells 7 spok5 & reunions plann$4 ,we c\ld see ! black-fang$ pyramids ( ! ,blaskets1 & ! m\nta9-b\nd sweep ( ,bantry ,bay4 ,fa/net w\ld soon be visible ov] ! />bo>d b[--p]haps ! m5 9 ! =etop c\ld already see x--& a little to ! nor?w>d ( t lay ,br[ ,head1 :5ce 9 an h\r or s our safe arrival w\ld be fla%$ 9 an in/ant "u ! caprici\s sea :i* we _h j cross$4 ,^! 7 our anticipations1 b !y 7 n fulfill$4 ,! /rong1 pi]c+ light ( ,fa/net did n rea* u t night1 nor any glimpse ( ! spl5did beacons :i* blaze1 ea* 9 its own di/9ctive way1 = ! guidance ( ! m>9] along t ,*annel4 ,we 7 n se5 f ,br[ ,head1 & ! pass5g]s = ,que5/[n did n g a%ore4 ,! capta9's mann] *ang$ aga9 f its wont$ gayety to sev]e sil5ce4 ,be=e x 0 notic$ on deck1 ^? on ! bridge discov]$1 roll+ d[n ! ,*annel1 a r$di%-br[n fog1 l a cl\d f a battle-field1 :i* swall[$ ev]y?+ 9 its pa?--fi%+-boats & all vessels 9 sight2 m\nta9s1 cliffs1 & surf3 e light & e l&m>k4 ,9 half an h\r x _h envelop$ u & wa%$ out ) its sepia all ! pe>ly iridesc5ce :i* _h film$ ! sea4 ,no?+ def9ite rema9$2 all became vague1 spectral1 curtail$4 ,! he>t ( ! %ip seem$ to cease beat+1 & !n c\ld be he>d only 9 fa9t ?robs z ! eng9e 0 sl[$ d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,l&+ ,/ages at ,liv]pool4 ,= ! re/ ( ! night ev]y?+ 0 dubi\s4 ,! pass5g]s ga!r$ 9 knots on ! wet decks1 talk+ 9 und]tones4 ,y c\ld he> ! swa% ( ! becalm$ sea along ! sides ( ! %ip 9 ! int]vals ( ! bla/s ( ! fog-horn1 :i* pi]c$ ! e> l a knife2 x 0 only :5 t demon 0 rag+ t ! o!r s\nds :i* _h become famili> on bo>d ! %ip 7 n m acute--! hum ( ! =c$ draft1 ! a/hma ( escap+ /eam1 ! voices on ! bridge1 & ! :irr ( ! bell 9 ! eng9e-room4 ,! bell _h be5 sil5t s9ce x rang out1 8,turn ahead1 full spe$60 :5 ! pilot 0 pick$ up by ! /ation boat ( ,s&y ,hook1 b n[ ! h& :i* record$ its messages 0 con/antly go+ f side to side ( ! clock-fac$ dial4 ,at e /roke a fre% appreh5sion ?rill$ along ! deck & imag9>y %apes loom$ up 9 ! fog1 ! rumors 7 wild & contradictory1 no soon] spok5 ?an discr$it$4 ,see t blur ( yell[ ahead6 ,t mu/ be a light--,que5/[n1 p]haps1 & ! t5d] com+ alongside4 ,yes1 ! bell has rung 8,/op h]60 ,half ( ! pass5g]s c see ! blur ( yell[1 half are n q c]ta9--all are mi/ak53 ! light burns only 9 _! imag9ations4 ,!n !y see ! sails ( a %ip blott$ on ! fog2 !y he> bells & :i/les2 !y li/5 = confirmation f ! bridge4 ,little wond] t !y are confus$3 ! eng9e-room bell tells a diff]5t /ory e few m9utes--n[ 8,ahead60 !n 8,a/]n60 n[ 8,full spe$60 !n 8,dead sl[60 ,aga9 ! eng9e /ops altoge!r2 9 a m9ute or two ! *urn+s ( ! screw1 sweep+ t[>d ! b[ in/ead ( 9 ! wake1 %[ t ! %ip is back+1 & ! fe> ( reefs1 ( collision1 ( runn+ a%ore1 deep5s ! sil5ce ( ! anxi\s gr\ps along ! rail4 ,! escap+ /eam ro>s out ( ! copp]-pipes rivet$ to ! funnel2 l\d] & %rill] ! :i/le drives its w>n+ ?r\gh ! obscurity :i* surr\nds u4 ,!n we move 8,ahead60 once m1 & at midnight all hope ( see+ ,que5/[n is ab&on$4 ,! pass5g]s retreat to _! cab9s1 & ! decks are left to ! sailors & ! (fic]s1 :o come 9 & out ( ! gho/ly atmosph]e--_! oil-sk9s dripp+ ) moi/ure & %9+ mom5t>ily 9 ! lamp-light4 ,nev] = an in/ant does ! capta9 leave ! bridge2 8 cig> fe$s its blui% wrea?s to ! fog2 he wat*es ! gl[+ face ( ! compass1 & li/5s to ! cry ( ! m5 :o are work+ ! s\nd+ ma*9e4 ,s ! great %ip creeps up ! ,*annel4 ,once 9 a :ile an answ]+ bla/ is borne ov] ! wat]1 a bell is he>d toll+ af>1 b nev] a ?+ is 9 sight4 ,x is a we>y night = ! capta91 b 9 ! morn+ all is cle>2 we are (f ,holyhead2 ! pulse ( ! eng9e has recov]$ its regul>ity2 ! faces ( ! pass5g]s are beam+1 & ,sn[don is visible ov] ! />bo>d b[1 pil$ up 9 :ite vapor4 ,! navigation ( ! ,*annel 9 foggy wea!r c nev] be free f dang]1 & m f9e /eam]s ( ! great transatlantic l9es h be5 lo/ betwe5 ,fa/net & ,liv]pool ?r\gh fogs ?an ?r\gh any o!r cause4 ,x 0 only la/ summ] t ! ,city ( ,rome ran 9 a d5se fog aga9/ ,fa/net itself--t p]il\s1 %ore-less1 horn-%ap$ rock :i* /&s 9 ! direct pa?way ( all +o+ & outgo+ %ips--& b>ely escap$ de/ruction4 ,a few ye>s e>li]1 :5 ! ,cun>d] ,aurania 0 approa*+ l& 9 a fog1 ! pass5g]s :o 7 smok+ _! aft]-d9n] cig>s sudd5ly saw loom+ above !m1 & above ! topma/s1 ! cliffs :i* 7 suppos$ to be _m miles away4 ,! capta9 0 f> out ( 8 reckon+1 b 0 go+ s sl[ly t he 0 able to back into ! ,*annel ) slight damage4 ,a simil> accid5t to ?is happ5$ to ! ,:ite ,/> /eam] ,baltic :5 %e 0 proce$+ up ! ,*annel to ,liv]pool4 ,"o ( ! mo/ brilliant lights 9 ! ,*annel is t ( ! ,s\? ,/ack1 :i* lies "u ! flank ( ! m\nta9\s precipice ( ,holyhead4 ,! ,/ack is an egg ( rock1 mu* high] & mu* bold] ?an ,fa/net1 :i* has become deta*$ f ! ma9-l&1 & its apex is cr[n$ ) ! :ite t[] & cr\*+ build+s ( ! ligh?\se keep]s4 ,! sea is eat+ x away1 & has already scoop$ out a va/ cav]n :i* !y call ! ,p>liam5t ,hall4 ,x is wid] & l(ti] ?an any *amb] at ,we/m9/]1 & !re is m ju/ification = its "n 9 ! babble ( ! sea-birds flitt+ 9 & out ( x ?an 9 its dim5sions4 ,f ! foot ( x to ! l[1 :ite wall :i* encircles ! light1 x is a %e] precipice ( d>k1 exfoliat+ rock1 =bidd+ & hopeless1 )\t a re/+-place = any liv+ ?+ less secure ?an ! birds1 :i* clu/] l beads on a /r+ ^u ! edges ( ! %ale4 ,! sea frets itself ar\nd x & gurgles 9 ! cav]n2 l$ges & reefs abut on x4 ,all vessels aim to give x a wide b]?1 & usually keep at su* a di/ance t a glass has to be us$ to discov] its de/ructive po9ts4 ,to say 8a%ore at ,s\? ,/ack0 is z good z to say a 8total wreck40 ,!re is h>dly "o *ance 9 a hundr$ t ! luckless %ip :i* /rikes "h w live4 ,illu/ration3 ,eddy/one ,ligh?\se1 ,engli% ,*annel4 7,t[] ab\t "o hundr$ feet high47 ,! ,baltic 0 feel+ h] way up ! ,*annel1 & 0 suppos$ to be two or ?ree miles (f-%ore4 ,! cream+ ( ! break]s1 fl[+ & dissolv+ ov] ! l$ges l puffs ( /eam1 gave ! fir/ h9t ( dang]1 & be=e ! w>n+ 0 ( avail1 ! d>k %ape1 d>k] ?an ! fog1 sprang ^u ! dimm$ vision ( ^? on deck--a precipice t seem$ to be toppl+ ov] !m4 8,good ,god6 ,x is ! ,s\? ,/ack60 a voice cri$ out1 & !re 0 no ?\ght b ( doom4 ,! bells 9 ! eng9e-room & :eel-h\se peal$1 & ! rev]sal ( ! screw s5t ! la!r+s surg+ t[>d ! b[4 ,a mom5t ( panic among ! pass5g]s2 a scurry+ ( figures on ! bridge2 ! resonant1 pi/ol-l snap ( b5d+ iron plates2 a sudd5 resi/ance to progress sudd5ly )drawn--a confusion ( ideas1 a murmur ( relief1 comp>ative tranquillity aga94 ,! hundr$? *ance 0 9 favor ( ! ,baltic1 & back+ into deep wat]1 %e proce$$ on h] way to ,liv]pool4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,:i/l+ ,buoy4 ,! ?ree accid5ts describ$ 7 )\t s]i\s consequ5ces1 b 9 mo/ cases ! same difficulty ( fog & mi/ak5 reckon+ ends 9 disa/]4 ,no less ?an five l>ge /eam]s ( ! ,guion l9e h be5 wreck$ betwe5 ,fa/net & ,liv]pool--! ,*icago1 ! ,colorado1 ! ,montana1 ! ,dakota1 & ! ,idaho--repres5t+ a value ( fully two & a half million doll>s1 )\t c>go4 ,! ,cun>d l9e lo/ ! ,tripoli on ! ,iri% coa/1 nor? ( ,que5/[n1 & ! ,city ( ,new ,york 7! fir/ ,inman %ip ( t "n7 came to grief on ,daunt's ,rock1 ne> ,ro*e's ,po9t4 ,! ,city ( ,brussels1 ( ! same l9e1 _h ne>ly complet$ h] voyage & 0 ly+ (f ! ,liv]pool b>1 wait+ = ! wea!r to cle>1 ! capta9 act+ ) ! utmo/ prud5ce1 :5 an insuffici5tly mann$ & badly manag$ /eam]1 ! ,kirby ,hall1 ran h] d[n & sank h]4 ,acc\nt is tak5 "h only ( ! pass5g] /eam]s ( ! well-kn[n l9es2 ! record w\ld be mu* exp&$ if x includ$ ! disa/]s to freight l9es1 & to ^? unc>$-= ocean tramps :i* :5 !y g d[n (t5 yield a bett] pr(it to _! unscrupul\s own]s1 ?r\gh insurance money1 ?an !y d by c>ry+ c>go :ile afloat4 ,f #ahch1 :5 ! ,sirius cross$ ! ocean1 till #ahgi1 "o hundr$ & =ty-f\r /eam]s1 c\nt+ all classes1 7 lo/ 9 ! transatlantic trade4 ,! fir/ 0 ! ,presid5t1 :i* disappe>$ my/]i\sly 9 #ahda4 ,dur+ ! ?irte5 ye>s foll[+ only "o life 0 lo/ by ! wreck ( an ,atlantic /eam]1 t /eam] be+ ! ,cun>d] ,columbia1 :i* w5t a%ore 9 #ahdc4 ,9 #ahed1 h[ev]1 ! ,city ( ,glasg[ sail$ ) ab\t f\r hundr$ & eighty s\ls on bo>d1 & 0 nev] se5 or he>d f aga92 & 9 ! same ye> ! ,coll9s l9e /eam] ,arctic1 "o ( ! fa/e/ & f9e/ vessels !n afloat1 0 sunk 9 collision ) ! /eam] ,ve/a dur+ a d5se fog1 (f ,cape ,race1 & five hundr$ & sixty-two p]sons p]i%$4 ,two ye>s lat] ! ,pacific1 ( ! same l9e1 w5t to sea ) "o hundr$ & eighty-six p]sons on bo>d1 & 0 nev] he>d f aga94 ,betwe5 #aheg & #ahfd ! ,allan l9e lo/ no few] ?an n9e /eam]s4 ,9 #aheh ! ,hamburg-,am]ican /eam] ,au/ria 0 burn$ at sea1 ) a loss ( f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-"o lives2 9 #ahgj ! ,city ( ,bo/on left port ) ov] two hundr$ p]sons on bo>d1 nev] m to be he>d f4 ,on a d>k night 9 ,april1 #ahgc1 ! ,:ite ,/> /eam] ,atlantic ran a%ore ne> ,sambro1 & five hundr$ & sixty lives 7 lo/--"s by dr[n+ & "s by freez+ 9 ! rigg+ into :i* !y _h scrambl$1 or ^u ! ice-b\nd %ore ^u :i* !y 7 ca/4 ,note mu/ be made also ( ! wreck ( ! ,g]man /eam] ,s*ill] on ! ,scilly ,rocks1 by :i* two hundr$ lives 7 lo/2 ( ! runn+ a%ore 9 ! ,nor? ,sea ( ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd /eam] ,deuts*l&1 by :i* "o hundr$ & fifty-sev5 lives 7 lo/2 ( ! s9k+ ?r\gh collision ( ! ,hamburg-,am]ican /eam] ,pom]ania1 by :i* ov] fifty lives 7 lo/2 ( a simil> disa/] to ! ,cimbria1 ( ! same l9e1 by :i* eighty-f\r 7 lo/2 & ( yet ano!r collision1 :i* s5t ! beautiful ,ville du ,havre1 ( ! ,fr5* l9e1 to ! bottom ( ! ,engli% ,*annel1 ) two hundr$ & ?irty ( h] pass5g]s & crew4 ,illu/ration3 ,ligh?\se1 ,atlantic ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,( ! "o hundr$ & =ty-f\r vessels lo/ up to #ahgi1 m ?an "o-half 7 wreck$4 ,tw5ty-f\r nev] rea*$ ! ports = :i* !y sail$1 _! fate /ill be+ unkn[n2 t5 7 burn$ at sea2 eight 7 sunk 9 collisions1 & ?ree 7 sunk by ice4 ,s9ce #ahgi1 ! mo/ memorable disa/]s1 besides ^? already ref]r$ to1 h be5 ! burn+ at sea ( ! ,egypt1 ( ! ,national l9e1 & ! ,city ( ,montreal1 ( ! ,inman l9e1 bo? )\t loss ( life2 ! /r&+ ( ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia1 ( ! ,/ate l9e1 on ! quicks&s ( ,sable ,isl&1 :i* quickly entomb$ h]2 ! s9k+ ( ! ,/ate ( ,florida1 ( ! same l9e1 by collision ) a sail+ %ip2 ! disappe>ance ( ! ,national l9e /eam] ,er91 :i* is suppos$ to h f\nd]$ at sea2 & ! s9k+ ( ! magnific5t ,cun>d] ,oregon 9 collision ) a coal s*oon]1 (f ,fire ,isl&4 ,no l9e 9 exi/5ce has be5 :olly free f calamity2 no l9e 9 exi/5ce has n at lea/ "o page 9 its hi/ory to tell ( anxi\s cr[ds besieg+ its :>ves & (fices = news ( a %ip t has nev] come 94 ,"o speculates 9 va9 z to ! end ( ^? %ips :i*1 sail+ f port 9 a seawor?y condition1 h disappe>$ )\t leav+ a survivor to record _! fate4 ,0 x fire t consum$1 or ice t cru%$1 or seas t swall[$ !m8 ,x may h be5 collision 9 a fog1 or an explosion ( ! boil]s1 or ! collapse ( ! eng9e1 or ! bur/+ on bo>d ( "s trem5d\s wave f :i* recov]y has be5 impossible4 ,possibly boats & rafts h be5 l[]$1 & :5 ! %ip h]self has sunk1 !re has /ill be5 hope ( rea*+ l&2 days ( suff]+2 glimpses ( pass+ %ips t h fail$ to see2 agony spun out1 & dea? at ! end4 ,= all ! pati5t wait+ & li/5+ ( ^? a%ore no :isp] ( ! secret has come1 & no full] acc\nt c be writt5 ?an ! ^w 8miss+40 ,! region ( fogs on ! ,atlantic is also ! region ( ice2 fog & ice toge!r are a great] s\rce ( p]il ?an fog alone is1 ev5 :5 a %ip is mak+ l&4 ,"u ! latt] condition !re is ! *ance ( he>+ ! w>n+ voice ( ! 8syr510 ! rev]b]ation ( ! signal gun1 or ! toll+ ( ! fog-bell2 /eam 8syr5s10 guns1 or explosives ( "s k9d1 & bells1 are all us$ z auxili>ies to ! ligh?\ses 9 ov]com+1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( s\nd1 ! difficulties :i* fog opposes aga9/ ! transmission ( light4 ,! s\nd+ ma*9e comes into play1 & by regi/]+ ! dep? ( wat]1 & be>+ te/imony to ! "* ( ! bottom1 af=ds fur!r protection to ! navigator4 ,b ! %oals & isl&s ( ice1 :i*1 ) _! outrea*+1 subm]g$ spurs1 come drift+ d[n f ! ,arctic into ! track ( ! transatlantic /eam]s1 are unprovid$ ) any?+ :i* might tell ! %ip be>+ ^u !m 9 ?ick wea!r ( _! proximity4 ,sometimes !y may be detect$ by ! e*o f ! :i/le or fog-horn1 & by ! rapid l[]+ ( ! temp]ature ( ! wat] 9 _! vic9ity4 ,^! signs _c be always c\nt$ on1 h[ev]4 ,! :i/le may be go+ e tw5ty or ?irty seconds1 & ! qu>t]ma/] po/$ to ! leew>d ) ! little canvas bag & ! !rmomet] ) :i* ! sea is te/$ = temp]ature2 all due precaution may be tak51 & yet no w>n+ come ( ! ice t is ahead4 ,on a cle> night a b]g ris+ above ! horizon w h ! effulg5ce ( a />2 on a cle> day x w not* ! horizon ) its dazzl+ :it5ess2 9 a fog x looms up 9 ! gray l a %ad[ ^u a %ad[1 & is invisible till ! %ip is close ^u x4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,bell ,buoy4 ,! ,hydrographic ,bureau at ,wa%+ton1 :i* is 9 _m ways useful 9 transatlantic navigation1 issues a s]ies ( *>ts ( an area ( ocean rea*+ ea/w>d f ,newf\ndl&4 ,!re are twelve ( !m1 "o = ea* mon? ( ! ye>1 & !y diff] only 9 c]ta9 p5cill+s :i* v>y f mon? to mon?4 ,let u exam9e ! set issu$ = a rec5t ye>4 ,9 ! *>t = ,janu>y five little pyramids are clu/]$ toge!r 9 ! sea1 ) a six? to ! nor? ( !m2 9 ,febru>y ! pyramidal little figures c be c\nt$ by ! score1 surr\nd$ by zig-zag l9es--!y look l an encampm5t2 9 ,m>* ! zig-zag l9es h disappe>$1 & ! t5ts1 s to speak1 are m scatt]$2 9 ,april !y are mu* ! same z 9 ,m>*1 b 9 ,may !y h increas$ enorm\sly & c be c\nt$ by ! hundr$1 rea*+ f ! f> nor? to ov] a hundr$ miles s\?w>d ( ! ,gr& ,banks4 ,9 ,june !y are few]1 & 9 ,july few] /ill4 ,9 ,augu/ only ab\t tw5ty are visible2 9 ,septemb] n m ?an t52 9 ,octob] two1 9 ,novemb] "o1 & 9 ,decemb] two4 ,! zig-zag l9es disappe> e>li] ?an ! pyramids2 ! =m] repres5t field-ice1 ! latt] ice-b]gs2 & ?us x is se5 t dur+ "o ye> !re 0 n a s+le mon? 9 :i* ! transatlantic r\te 0 entirely free f dang] f ^? s\rces4 ,9 #ahhb ! b]gs appe>$ 9 ,febru>y & disappe>$ 9 ,augu/2 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 & ,april are ! mon?s = _! appe>ance1 & !y (t5 l+] till ,octob] or ,novemb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,at ,close ,qu>t]s1 ,among ! ,iceb]gs4 ,field-ice has its s\rce 9 ! ,arctic bas9 & along ! coa/s ( ,labrador & ,newf\ndl&1 & is c>ri$ s\? ei!r by ! curr5t f ! ,arctic or t f ,ea/ ,gre5l&4 ,fully eighty p] c5t4 ( ! b]gs h _! orig9 9 ,we/ ,gre5l&1 & mo/ ( !m are fragm5ts ( glaci]s1 brok5 (f 9 a process kn[n z 8calv+10 z ! glaci]s slide into ! deep wat] along-%ore4 ,?\s&s are ?us set adrift ea* ye>1 & once adrift !y beg9 _! j\rney s\?w>d4 ,only a small proportion ( ! :ole numb] ev] rea* ! track ( ! /eam]s2 "s gr\nd 9 ! ,arctic bas9 & break up 9 ! frigid zone1 to :i* !y prop]ly belong2 !y are v fragile1 & ! concussion ( a gun%ot is occasionally suffici5t to %att] !m2 "s are borne across f ,gre5l& to ,labrador1 & lodge !re until !y dissolve1 or crumble to pieces ) ! noise ( ?und]4 ,! j\rney ( ^? t escape dis9tegration 9 ! nor? is sl[4 ,if !y drift$ directly s\? & met ) no ob/ructions1 !y w\ld be f\r or five mon?s 9 rea*+ ! transatlantic r\tes2 & be+ lib]at$ 9 ,july & ,augu/ !y w\ld consequ5tly beset ! pa? ( ! /eam]s 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,few ( !m1 h[ev]1 are n delay$1 & mo/ ( !m h be5 adrift at lea/ a ye> f ! "t ( 8calv+0 be=e !y arrive s\? en\gh to tr\ble ! /eam]s4 ,"s are sev]al ye>s 9 mak+ ! j\rney2 !y are held = a season 9 a %all[2 lock$ up dur+ ! ,arctic w9t]2 releas$ ) ! return ( summ]2 caught aga9 = ano!r w9t]1 & :5 once aga9 lib]at$1 ret>d$ 9 _! s\?w>d c\rse by ! necessity ( pl\gh+ ?r\gh ! field-ice be=e !m4 ,n only are !re wide v>iations 9 ! date ( ! appe>ance & disappe>ance ( ! b]gs 9 ! transatlantic r\tes f ye> to ye>1 b 9 diff]5t ye>s !y rea* a diff]5t s\!rn limit4 ,x is ?is v>iability :i* causes mis*ief4 ,if _! movem5ts 7 always ! same1 x w\ld be easy = ! capta9 to *oose a c\rse :i* w\ld avoid !m1 b a c\rse :i* may be entirely safe "o ye> is (t5 beset ! next season by l>ge quantities ( ice1 bo? 9 ! =ms ( b]gs & ( field-ice4 ,! li/ ( calamities f ice is a long "o4 ,x 0 only a few ye>s ago t ! ,arizona1 :5 go+ full spe$1 cra%$ into a b]g & /ove 9 h] b[s4 ,f h] /em to a po9t ab\t ?irty feet aft no?+ rema9$ ( h] b a tangle ( %apeless iron1 & t %e did n s9k imm$iately 0 due to ! smoo?ness ( ! sea & ! /r5g? ( h] =w>d bulkhead1 :i* )/ood ! pressure ( ! wat] & enabl$ h] to rea* ,/4 ,johns1 ,newf\ndl&4 ,9 ! records ( ! ,hydrographic ,(fice x appe>s t1 f #ahhb to #ahij1 ?irty-six /eam]s 7 m or less injur$ by ice 9 ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 ?\gh "s ( ^! 7 freight+ & coa/wise vessels1 & n ( ! class to :i* ?is article p>ticul>ly ref]s2 & ! commone/ explanation (f]$ ( ! fate ( ! miss+ %ips is collision ) ice 9 fog or 9 ! d>kness ( night4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hav+ come to ?is po9t1 ! read] is probably ( ! op9ion t ! head+ ( ?is *apt] is a mi/ake1 b ! rev]se ( ! picture has yet to be %[n4 ,not)/&+ all ! p]il f fog & ice1 & f ! fury ( cyclones & hurricanes1 ! /eam]s ( ! transatlantic l9es are s /aun*ly built & s capably h&l$1 t a man is less likely to meet ) accid5ts on bo>d "o ( !m ?an he w\ld be 9 walk+ ! /reets ( a cr[d$ city4 ,nev] be=e h s _m pass5g]s be5 c>ri$ z are c>ri$ n[4 ,! %ips t 7 reg>d$ z levia?ans fifte5 or sixte5 ye>s ago are z ya*ts comp>$ ) m rec5t additions to ! v>i\s fleets4 ,sc>cely m ?an t5 ye>s h elaps$ s9ce sixte5 knots 0 ! maximum spe$2 n[ x is tw5ty knots1 ) ! c]ta9ty ( an almo/ imm$iate increase to tw5ty-"o or tw5ty-two knots4 ,! tonnage has be5 increas$ )9 ! same p]iod f a maximum ( five ?\s& to t5 ?\s& five hundr$1 & :ile t5 ye>s ago two hundr$ cab9 pass5g]s 7 z _m z any /eam] c\ld accommodate ) a reasonable degree ( com=t on "o voyage1 x is n uncommon n[ to f9d ov] five hundr$ z ! complem5t ( "o /eam]4 ,:5 /eam]s ( sixte5 & sev5te5 knots 7 built1 x 0 said t !y 7 too l>ge & too fa/1 & t !y w\ld surely come to grief1 b exp]i5ce has prov$ !m to be z safe z any4 ,9 fact1 ^? :o are be/ qualifi$ to "k1 decl>e t ! augm5tation ( spe$ promotes safety4 ,?is po9t 0 fully discuss$ by ! capta9s ( ! pr9cipal l9es n long ago1 & ! op9ions express$ 7 almo/ unanim\sly 9 favor ( ! fa/] %ips4 ,!y n only dim9i% ! p]iod ( exposure to su* dang]s z !re may be 9 ! transatlantic voyage1 b f ! sup]ior p[] ( _! eng9es & boil]s !y are bett] fitt$ = ov]com+ ^? dang]s4 ,!y are able to escape f areas ( fog & /orm soon] ?an sl[] vessels1 & are m easily h&l$ 9 ?ick & 9 heavy wea!r4 ,f ! rapidity ) :i* !y c be manuvr$1 !y c avoid collisions :i* w\ld be inevitable "u "s conditions ) sl[] %ips2 if a collision becomes unavoidable _! impetus enables !m to cut ! ob/ruct+ vessel 9 two ) comp>atively little injury to !mselves4 ,x is n conceivable t ! elem5t ( dang] c ev] be :olly elim9at$ f ! navigation ( ! ,atlantic1 b not)/&+ ! ext5t & difficulty ( ! traffic1 & ! size & spe$ ( ! %ips1 :i*1 fly+ to & fro 9 all k9ds ( wea!r1 arrive 9 port at all seasons ) a promptness & regul>ity q equal to t ( express tra9s on l&1 ! numb] ( accid5ts 9 proportion to ! numb] ( pass5g]s is con/antly dim9i%+4 ,m cab9 pass5g]s are c>ri$ f ,new ,york to ,european ports 9 "o summ] n[ ?an 7 c>ri$ 9 ! :ole ( ! fir/ qu>t] ( a c5tury ( /eam navigation on ?is ocean2 b :ile ! latt] p]iod 0 full ( disa/]s1 su* z ! loss ( ! ,arctic ) f\r hundr$ & sixty-two lives1 & ! loss ( ! ,au/ria1 ) f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-"o lives1 we n[ see hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( pass5g]s cross+1 ) a s5se ( security :i* a rem>kable record ( immunity f accid5t fully ju/ifies4 ,illu/ration3 ,ligh?\se1 ,sanibel ,isl&1 ,fla4 ,! improvem5ts 9 ! "* ( ! accommodations h n be5 great] ?an ! improvem5ts design$ to r$uce ! dang]s ( ! transatlantic trip to a m9imum2 !y are f\nd 9 ! /ructure ( ! hulls1 ! eng9es1 & ! boil]s2 9 ! app>atus ( navigation2 9 ! numb]s & discipl9e ( ! crews1 & 9 ! appliances = life-sav+1 su* z rafts & life-boats4 ,! old %ips ( tw5ty ye>s & m ago 7 built on ! l9es ( sail+ vessels1 & a poop ext5d$ ) sc>cely a break f ! fo'c's'le to ! qu>t]-deck4 ,:5 a sea came on bo>d x 0 held z 9 a sluice betwe5 ! high bulw>ks & ! poop1 swa%+ =e & aft ) ! pit* ( ! %ip1 until x dra9$ (f ?r\gh ! scupp]s4 ,mo/ ( ! /ate-rooms 7 !n situat$ bel[ ! ma9 deck1 & aft] su* a sea !y 7 likely to be flood$2 _m old pass5g]s w rememb] h[ frequ5t an occurr5ce x 0 to f9d _! cab9s inundat$4 ,?is 0 ! lea/ mis*ief x did1 & :5 sev]al seas 7 %ipp$ 9 rapid succession1 ! vessel 0 9 dang] ( f\nd]+4 ,! mod]n /eam] is mu* bett] protect$ f incom+ seas1 & ! ma9 deck is completely cov]$ 91 in/ead ( ! bulw>ks !re is a simple rail & nett+1 & any wat] %ipp$ fl[s ov]bo>d z quickly z x comes on bo>d4 ,b ! greate/ improvem5t ( all 9 ! direction ( safety is ! sy/em ( bulkheads & d\ble bottoms introduc$ by ! build]s ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york & ! ,city ( ,p>is4 ,= _m ye>s pa/ x has be5 ! cu/om to divide all /eam]s by transv]se bulkheads into s-call$ wat]-tight comp>tm5ts1 ! purpose ( :i* is to increase _! buoyancy & /ability 9 case ( collision4 ,! ,etruria1 ! ,umbria1 ! ,britannic1 ! ,g]manic1 & ! ,arizona h n9e comp>tm5ts ea*4 ,excell5t z ! !ory is1 ! feel+ ( ev]ybody acqua9t$ ) ! subject has be5 di/ru/ful ( ! mann] ( its application1 ! *ief objection be+ ! inadequacy ( ! numb] ( subdivisions4 ,sometimes1 z :5 ! ,arizona ran into ! iceb]g1 ! bulkheads h sav$ ! %ip1 b 9 o!r cases !y h be5 ( little or no use1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,oregon4 ,! ,oregon 0 divid$ into t5 comp>tm5ts1 b %e sank 9 a few h\rs aft] h] collision ) a coal s*oon] (f ,fire ,isl& light4 ,! comp>tm5ts h inv>iably prov$ useless :5 ! %ip has be5 /ruck amid%ips ) suffici5t =ce to op5 h] eng9e & boil]s to ! sea1 ?\gh :5 ! wea!r has be5 calm & ! injury =w>d or a/]n1 !y h kept h] afloat4 ,! insuffici5cy ( _! numb] 9 proportion to ! size ( ! %ips has n be5 _! only defect1 moreov]4 ,9 ord] to give an unob/ruct$ passage along ! decks x has be5 ! cu/om to cut doors 9 ! bulkheads1 & x has frequ5tly happ5$ t 9 ! confusion foll[+ a collision ^! h be5 left op51 all[+ ! sea to ru% f comp>tm5t to comp>tm5t1 ei!r because !y 7 =gott5 or because !y refus$ to "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,deep-sea ,s\nd+ ,ma*9e at ,"w4 ,9 ! newe/ type ( %ip1 z repres5t$ by ! ,city ( ,p>is & ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 !re are no few] ?an tw5ty wat]-tight comp>tm5ts sep>at$ by solid transv]se bulkheads1 :i* rise f ! keel to ! saloon deck1 eighte5 feet above ! wat]l9e1 & :i* h no doors or op5+s ( any k9d :atev]4 ,a few feet f ! /em !re is a collision bulkhead ( extraord9>y /r5g? to protect ! %ip1 %\ld %e run 8b[-on0 aga9/ any ob/acle--a reef1 a d]elict1 or a vessel attempt+ to cross h] pa?2 next1 aft ( ?is come ?ree comp>tm5ts = /e]age pass5g]s or c>go2 !n two comp>tm5ts = saloon pass5g]s2 !n f\r comp>tm5ts = boil]s1 coal bunk]s1 kit*5s1 & ma*9]y2 two m = saloon pass5g]s2 "o = second-cab9 pass5g]s1 & two1 ^? f>!/ aft ( all1 = /e]age pass5g]s or c>go4 ,ea* comp>tm5t is ?us isolat$1 & only by a bl[ 9 ! l9e ( ! divid+ bulkhead c\ld two comp>tm5ts be flood$ at once2 ! bulkheads also s]ve 9 case ( fire to prev5t ! flames f spread+4 ,/ill ano!r safegu>d becomes possible ?r\gh ! adoption ( ! tw9 screw4 ,! propell]s are work$ by two complete & entirely indep5d5t sets ( boil]s & eng9es1 & ^! are sep>at$ by a longitud9al bulkhead 9 addition to ! transv]se bulkheads already describ$4 ,9 a s+le-screw %ip ?is longitud9al bulkhead is impossible1 & ! space 9 :i* h] eng9e & boil]s are situat$ is h] mo/ vuln]able po9t2 if %e is /ruck !re ) suffici5t =ce to make a fissure l>ge en\gh to admit any consid]able quantity ( wat]1 no?+ w save h] f s9k+4 ,9 ! case ( ! tw9-screw %ip1 h[ev]1 we h _h ! be/ ( evid5ce1 )9 ! pa/ two ye>s1 t ) "o ( h] eng9e-rooms flood$ & op5 to ! sea1 %e w /ill float & be navigable4 ,= _m ye>s pa/ ! value ( ! tw9 screw has be5 debat$ by ! build]s1 ! manag]s1 ! capta9s1 & ! eng9e]s ( ! great transatlantic l9es1 to :om x did n comm5d itself s readily z to ! ,admiralty4 ,x 0 adopt$ = w>-%ips sev]al ye>s be=e any ( ! well-kn[n pass5g] l9es v5tur$ to use x1 & its fir/ appe>ance 9 ?is s]vice 0 9 ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 f\r ye>s ago4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 adopt$ by ! ,:ite ,/> & ! ,hamburg-,am]ican l9es1 & ?\gh ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd has n yet appli$ x to ! rec5t accessions to its fleet1 its advantages ov] ! s+le screw = pass5g] vessels1 z well z = w>-%ips1 are m g5]ally conc$$ n[ ?an ev] be=e4 ,! ,admiralty adopt$ x = ! security x af=d$1 & = its sup]ior capacity = rapid manuvr+4 ,ano!r feature :i* recomm5ds x is t1 %\ld "o ( ! two sets ( eng9es become disabl$ f ! break+ ( ! %aft1 or any o!r cause1 ! opposite eng9e w\ld be equal to tak+ ! %ip into port2 :ile a simil> accid5t on a s+le-screw %ip w\ld compel h] to make port "u sail 7a v difficult feat ) ! mod]n type ( ocean /eam]s71 or to wait = ano!r /eam] to take h] 9 t[4 ,illu/ration3 ,(f ,fire ,isl&1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,g$ney's ,*annel1 outside ,new ,york ,h>bor1 at ,night4 7,light$ by electric buoys47 ,until q rec5tly1 ! break+ ( ! %aft 0 m frequ5t ?an any o!r k9d ( accid5t to ! transatlantic /eam]s4 ,:51 p]haps1 ! %ip 0 sail+ along at full-spe$1 a j> w\ld come & %ake h] f end to end1 z ?\gh a rock or a subm]g$ wreck _h be5 /ruck4 ,! eng9e w\ld rattle & ! sails flap loosely 9 ! w9d1 & ! famili> tremor ( propulsion *ange to a s(t] heav+ motion1 l t ( a sail+ vessel4 ,:5 ! accid5t occurr$ 9 d>kness & a gale1 x 0 m al>m+ ?an 9 daylight & a calm sea4 ,aft] a few m9utes ( unc]ta9ty ! news w\ld fly t ! %aft 0 brok51 & t ! capta9 & ! *ief eng9e] 7 consult+ 9 ! eng9e-room4 ,!n w\ld come days1 & sometimes weeks1 ( drift+1 ) a correspond+ & ev]-increas+ al>m on %ore z ! %ip became ov]due4 ,"u favorable circum/ances "s headway c\ld be made ) sails1 & occasionally ! disabl$ vessel rea*$ port )\t assi/ance4 ,(t5]1 h[ev]1 %e w\ld drift helplessly 9 ! vacant sea until %e 0 sight$ by ano!r /eam] p[]ful en\gh to t[ h]4 ,left to h]self1 %e 0 9 dang] ( fall+ into ! tr\gh ( ! sea & f\nd]+1 & ne> l& %e 0 expos$ to ! p]ils ( a /rong curr5t & a lee-%ore4 ,arriv+ 9 port1 a claim = salvage 0 sure to be pres5t$ aga9/ h]1 & 9 "s in/ances ! am\nt aw>d$ 0 z mu* z ?irty ?\s& p\nds4 ,a brok5 %aft is /ill a disagreeable possibility1 b if "o ( ! two %afts 9 a tw9-screw %ip breaks1 ! o!r1 z ) ! eng9es1 rema9s to av]t complete disablem5t4 ,an +5i\s device has lately be5 pat5t$ to prev5t a repetition ( "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s ( rec5t disa/]s1 :i* 0 caus$ by ! we>+ away ( ! bracket ^u :i* re/s ! f9al be>+ ( ! %aft4 ,z ?is bracket is1 9 ! l>ge/ %ips1 fully sixty feet f ! /uff+-box1 a new dang] is creat$ f ! fact t x is f> outside ! hull & out ( sight ( ! eng9e]s4 ,! inv5tion ref]r$ to consi/s simply ( a c\ple ( completely insulat$ wires1 positive & negative1 connect$ by a batt]y1 an indicator1 & an al>m-bell 9 ! eng9e-room4 ,! wires run "u ! %aft out ?r\gh ! /uff+-box1 & ?r\gh ! cas+ :i* protects ! %aft f ! sea2 !n !y ent] ! bracket1 :]e !y turn f ! horizontal to ! p]p5dicul>1 & t]m9ate ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! surface ( ! be>+4 ,%\ld ! surface we> away s z to imp]il ! %aft1 ! latt] w\ld in/antly come 9 contact ) ! ends ( ! wires1 ! insulation w\ld be brok51 ! curr5t clos$1 & ! al>m-bell rung4 ,!n1 ( c\rse1 ! eng9e w\ld be /opp$ until an exam9ation c\ld be made4 ,?\gh x promotes safety & is w9n+ favor1 ! tw9 screw has be5 appli$ s f> only to ! ,city ( ,p>is1 ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 ! ,teutonic1 ! ,maje/ic1 ! ,columbia1 ! ,normannia1 ! ,fr/ ,bism>ck1 & ! ,augu/a-,victoria4 ,cr$it = ! infrequ5cy ( brok5 %afts does n belong :olly to ?is device1 !re=e1 b 9 a mu* l>g] measure to ! sub/itution ( /eel = iron & o!r improvem5ts 9 ! =m & mat]ials ( ! m>9e eng9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,light%ip1 (f ,s&y ,hook4 ,! ,city ( ,new ,york & ! ,city ( ,p>is are also provid$ ) d\ble bottoms1 s t1 %\ld ! out] sk9 be torn1 ! inn] "o w\ld /ill exclude ! sea2 & ! efficacy ( oil 9 calm+ ! tr\bl$ wat]s has be5 s well e/abli%$ t app>atus = its di/ribution is plac$ 9 ! b[s4 ,! numb] ( (fic]s & seam5 has be5 augm5t$1 s t ! /aff ( navigat+ (fic]s n[ comprises ! capta91 ! *ief (fic]1 two second (fic]s1 two ?ird (fic]s1 & two f\r? (fic]s4 ,great improvem5ts h also be5 made 9 ! m>9]'s compass & 9 ! pat5t log & s\nd+ ma*9e4 ,! latt] c be us$ :5 ! %ip is go+ at a high rate ( spe$1 & x records n only ! dep? ( wat] b ! "* ( ! bottom1 :i* is ne>ly always a clue to ! position ( ! %ip :5 o!r signs fail4 ,_h ^! in/rum5ts be5 less p]fect1 we c\ld n h made our way1 ) s little delay1 pa/ ,fa/net & up ! ,*annel to ,holyhead1 :5 ! fog desc5d$ z we 7 mak+ l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,brok5 ,b[ ( ,la ,*ampagne1 aft] h] ,collision outside ,new ,york ,h>bor1 ,decemb]1 #ahij4 ,/ill ano!r improvem5t is 9 ! mat]ial ( :i* ! propell]s are ca/4 ,9 ! new %ips x is manganese bronze1 :i* has ne>ly d\ble ! /r5g? ( /eel & is practically unbreakable4 ,sixte5 or sev5te5 ye>s ago ! pr9cipal l9es began to adopt ! sy/em ( 8/eam lanes0 orig9ally sugge/$ by ,pr(essor ,m4 ,f4 ,maury1 z long ago z #ahee--t is1 to prescribe def9ite c\rses = _! /eam]s1 bas$ on calculations z to probable areas ( fog & ice4 ,9 foll[+ ^! fix$ c\rses ! /eam]s pass ea* o!r at an h\r & a po9t on ! ocean :i* c be =etold almo/ to a c]ta9ty1 & %\ld "o ( !m meet ) an accid5t1 !re is e probability t succor w rea* h] ?r\gh "o ( h] companion %ips4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,sunk5 ,s*oon]4 ,s ke5 is ! rivalry betwe5 ! v>i\s l9es1 & s mu* does _! success dep5d on a reputation = safety1 t self-int]e/1 9 ! abs5ce ( a high] motive1 is suffici5t to /imulate !m to leave no?+ undone1 9 ! con/ruction & mann+ ( _! vessels1 :i* may 9 any way be ! means ( av]t+ disa/]4 ,9 fur!rance ( _! ef=ts1 ! ,briti% & ,am]ican gov]nm5ts unite 9 giv+ !m ! mo/ p]fect sy/em ( lights1 buoys1 & fog-signals 9 ! _w4 ,:5 tw5ty or m miles at sea1 ! capta9 may disc]n ! rays ( ! fir/ light1 & z he ne>s port & ent]s ! ,*annel1 !re are ne>ly z _m beacons z lamp-po/s 9 a city /reet4 ,no te/imony to ! effici5cy ( ! transatlantic s]vice is m conv9c+ ?an ! record ( #ahij4 ,! /eam]s 7 expos$1 z !y mu/ be e ye>1 to dang]s f collision1 f ice1 f hurricanes1 f drift+ d]elicts1 on _! way up & d[n ! cr[d$ ,*annel & ?r\gh ! %ift+ s&s at ! e/u>y ( ! ,m]sey2 !y 7 con/antly emb>rass$ by fogs4 ,ne>ly two ?\s& trips 7 made f ,new ,york alone to v>i\s ,european ports3 ab\t two hundr$ ?\s& cab9 pass5g]s 7 c>ri$ to & fro1 9 addition to ne>ly ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-two ?\s& immigrants :o 7 l&$ at ,ca/le ,g>d54 ,?is enorm\s traffic 0 conduct$ )\t accid5t1 & no m com=t+ assurance c be giv5 ?an ?is ( safety on ! ,atlantic4 ,,! ,,ocean ,,/eam%ip ,,z ,a ,,freight ,,c>ri]4 ,,by ,,john ,h4 ,,g\ld4 ,,rev5ue ,,( ,,! ,,%ip',s ,,c>go--,,am\nt ,,( ,,freight ,,c>ri$ ,,by ,,express ,,/eam%ips--,,gross ,,tonnage ,,( ,,important ,,l9es ,,runn+ ,,f ,,new ,,york--,,! ,,m]*ant ,,m>9e ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates--,,! 8,,atlantic ,,limit$0--,,! ,,sea ,,po/-,,(fice--,,9 ,,! ,,specie ,,room--,,enorm\s ,,refrig]ators--,,! ,,new ,,class ,,( 8,,freight]s0--,,l>ge ,,c>goes ,,& ,,small ,,coal ,,consumption--,,! ,,ocean 8,,tramp0--,,advantages ,,( ,,! 8,,:aleback0--,,vessels ,,= ,,c>ry+ ,,gra9--,,float+ ,,elevators--,,! ,,fruit ,,/eam%ip--,,tank ,,/eam%ips ,,= ,,c>ry+ ,,oil--,,peculi>ities ,,( ,,_! ,,con/ruction--,,! ,,molasses ,,%ip--,,sc5es ,,on ,,! ,,pi]s ,,:5 ,,/eam%ips ,,are ,,load+--,,/eam ,,hoi/+ ,,app>atus--,,h[ ,,! ,,freight ,,is ,,/[$--,,coal+--,,! ,,load+ ,,( ,,cattle ,,%ips--8,,c[boys ,,( ,,! ,,sea0--,,ocean ,,traffic ,,! ,,index ,,( ,a ,,nation',s ,,prosp]ity4 ,int]e/+ z ! ocean fleet is f ! po9t ( view ( ! pass5g] :o crosses ! seas on bus9ess or pleasure b5t1 ! "p t /eam%ips play 9 ! comm]ce ( ! _w is ev5 m wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,!re is a va/ region betwe5 decks & d[n 9 ! l[] hold ( :i* ! ord9>y travell] kn[s little4 ,& yet ! %ip's c>go br+s to ! own]s a l>ge portion ( _! rev5ue1 & makes possible ! magnific5t /eam%ips ( to-day4 ,!re are #ejj1jjj1jjj inve/$ 9 ocean-go+ /eam%ips sail+ f ! port ( ,new ,york alone6 ,! figures are appall+1 yet !y are a cons]vative e/imate ( ! weal? intru/$ to ! m]cies ( ! ocean4 ,!re are tw5ty-n9e regul> l9es ( /eam%ips runn+ betwe5 ,new ,york & ,european ports4 ,( ^!1 eight l9es run express /eam%ips1 & tw5ty-?ree l9es c>ry pass5g]s & freight4 ,! o!r six l9es transport freight only1 & !re are /ill o!r l9es runn+ to ! ,we/ ,indies1 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica1 & our own ,atlantic coa/ & ,gulf ports4 ,sev5 /eam%ip companies--! ,:ite ,/>1 ,inman1 ,cun>d1 ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd1 ,hamburg-,am]ican1 ,guion1 & ! ,fr5* l9e--h ! record-break]s4 ,! ,teutonic & ! ,maje/ic ( ! ,:ite ,/> l9e1 & ! new ,fr5* l9] ,la ,t\ra9e1 are said to h co/ #b1jjj1jjj ea*4 ,! ,city ( ,p>is & ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 ( ! ,inman l9e1 & ! new ,hamburg-,am]ican /eam%ip ,fir/ ,bism>ck are suppos$ to h co/ consid]ably ov] #a1ejj1jjj ea*4 ,! ,:ite ,/> l9e /eam%ips ,maje/ic & ,teutonic ea* c>ry1 9 addition to _! #a1ejj pass5g]s1 "s #b1ejj tons ( freight4 ,?is l9e has 9 all t5 /eam%ips--six devot$ to pass5g]s & freight1 & f\r to freight exclusively4 ,! ,inman l9e /eam%ips ,city ( ,p>is & ,city ( ,new ,york c>ry #a1bjj pass5g]s ea*1 & /ill h room = #b1gjj tons ( freight4 ,! ,cun>d]s ,etruria & ,umbria h ea* accommodations = ab\t #a1fjj pass5g]s1 & also take ab\t #hjj tons ( freight4 ,! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd l9e has twelve express /eam%ips 9 ! s]vice1 ) an av]age pass5g] capacity ( #a1aej = all classes4 ,! freight capacity v>ies f #b1jjj to #b1ejj tons3 ! l9e has ?ree sail+ days ea* week4 ,!re are n9e o!r /eam%ips ( ! l9e sail+ betwe5 ?is port1 ,baltimore1 & ,europe1 mak+ ! total numb] ( _! vessels tw5ty-"o4 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahia1 ! l9e inaugurat$ a ,m$it]ranean s]vice4 ,at all times !re are eight ( ! express /eam%ips belong+ to ?is l9e at sea1 & two are 9 port at ,new ,york & two 9 ! ,european port4 ,! ,hamburg-,am]ican ,packet ,company has f\r express /eam%ips1 =m+ a weekly s]vice f ,new ,york1 & :i* is almo/ entirely devot$ to ! pass5g] bus9ess4 ,^! vessels ea* accommodate ab\t #a1bej pass5g]s ( all classes4 ,!y h a small freight capacity--f ab\t #fjj to #gjj tons ( light c>go be+ ! limit4 ,no p]i%able goods are tak54 ,! ,guion l9e /eam%ips ,alaska & ,arizona h pass5g] accommodations = #a1cjj & #a1ajj1 respectively1 & _! freight capacity is ab\t #b1jjj tons4 ,! ,compagnie ,gnrale ,transatlantique1 or1 z x is m frequ5tly call$1 ! ,fr5* l9e1 has six express /eam%ips1 ) a freight capacity ( #b1ejj tons ea*1 z well z accommodations = ab\t #a1jjj pass5g]s4 ,! ,wilson l9e1 ) its ?irty /eam%ips1 is "o ( ! greate/ freight c>ri]s 9 ! _w4 ,!re are f\r di/9ct l9es f ,new ,york1 "o runn+ to ,hull1 "o to ,antw]p1 "o to ,newca/le1 & "o to ,london4 ,! latt] is kn[n z ! ,wilson-,hill l9e4 ,! ,atlantic fleet1 fly+ ! ,wilson flag1 has #aad1jjj gross tonnage4 ,"s ( ! /eam%ips ( ?is l9e h pass5g] accommodations1 b ! company conf9es itself almo/ exclusively to ! c>ry+ ( freight4 ,! numb] & gross tonnage ( /eam%ips ( ! diff]5t l9es are %[n 9 ! foll[+ table1 ! tonnage be+ f 8,lloyd's ,regi/]30 ,transatlantic ,l9es4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,numb] ( ,total ,l9es4 ,/eam- ,gross %ips4,tonnage4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,wilson #cj #aad1jjj ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd 7#ab direct & #i call+ at ,baltimore7 #ba #aaa1ehe ,hamburg-,am]ican 7includ+ ,baltic l9e7 #ai #hb1ehi ,an*or 7includ+ ,m$it]ranean s]vice7 #ae #fc1jhc ,ne!rl&s 7#i direct & #d call+ at ,baltimore7 #ac #dc1cad ,national #ab #ed1jfb ,sumn] #ab #db1hjj ,:ite ,/> #aj #eh1afb ,florio #i #bb1ejj ,r$ ,/> #g #cc1iei ,fabre #g #bc1fjj ,m$it]ranean ,new ,york ,s4 ,s4 ,co4 #g #ae1jjj ,inman #f #da1bgf ,cun>d #f #dj1bec ,fr5* #f #df1ibg ,allan #f #bc1gch ,liv]pool1 ,brazil ,riv] ,plate 7,atlantic s]vice7 #f #ab1jjj ,guion #e #bb1fea ,bri/ol ,city #e #bd1jjj ,beav]1 dur+ w9t] mon?s #e #ag1ejj ,arr[ #e #ac1jjj ,?+valla #d #aa1ihe ,union 7,sloman's7 #d #aa1gej ,m>seilles #d #ab1jjj ,great ,we/]n ,s4 ,s4 ,co4 #d #aj1jjj ,bordeaux #c #f1jjj ,:ite ,cross #b #e1afi ,l9ha de ,vapores ,portuguezes #b #c1ggg ,insul> ,navigation ,co4 #a #b1hic ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,?is li/ gives only ! regul> l9es engag$ 9 ! freight & pass5g] bus9ess1 besides :i* !re are ! tank /eam%ips1 ! tramp /eam%ips1 & a l>ge numb] ( vessels :i* call = ord]s f o!r ports1 z well z /eam%ips :i* are *>t]$ = special freights4 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ican1 ,we/ ,indian1 & o!r ,l9es f ,new ,york4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,numb] ( ,total ,l9es4 ,/eam- ,gross %ips4,tonnage4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,atlas #ab #bb1jjj ,boo?'s #aj #ad1jjj ,r$ ,cross #aj #af1bbe ,new ,york ,cuba ,s4 ,s4 ,co4 #i #be1cjj ,r$ 8,d0 #f #aa1jbj ,quebec ,s4 ,s4 ,co4 #f #i1jid ,royal ,dut* ,we/ ,indian ,mail #f #aj1aef ,unit$ ,/ates ,brazil ,s4 ,s4 ,co4 #e #af1djj ,compaia ,trasatlantica #e #aj1hff ,e>n #e #ab1ejj ,union 7,sloman's7 #d #h1jjj ,clyde 7,we/ ,indian7 #d #f1fjj ,waydell's #d #d1ejj ,tr9idad #d #d1jjj ,atlantic ,pacific ,s4 ,s4 ,co4 #d #i1ijd ,pacific ,mail #c #h1hjj ,wessell's #c #d1ejj ,liv]pool1 ,brazil ,riv] ,plate#ah #c #g1ejj ,honduras ,c5tral ,am]ican #b #c1jjj ,an*or 7,we/ ,indian ,s]vice7 #b #b1jgg ,m>yl& #b #f1jjj ,new ,york ,porto ,rico ,s4 ,s4 ,co4 #b #b1jjj ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,illu/ration3 ,load+ ,gra9 f a ,float+ ,elevator4 ,besides ! regul> l9es !re is a big fleet ( tramp /eam%ips4 ,dur+ ! fiscal ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #ahia1 #acf ( ^! /eam%ips1 ) #ajb1hef net regi/]$ tonnage1 ent]$ at ! port ( ,new ,york4 ,?is did n include ! tramps :o f\nd _! way "h f ,we/ ,indian & ,s\? ,am]ican ports1 or our own dome/ic ports1 or ^? :o may h drift$ 9 f prov9cial ports4 ,_m =eign tramps f9d _! way to ?is port 9 balla/1 seek+ c>go1 or = ord]s4 ,aside f all ^! l9es to =eign ports1 !re are our coa/wise /eam%ips1 op]at$ by a doz5 or m l9es1 prom95t among !m be+ ! ,old ,dom9ion1 ! ,savannah1 ! ,clyde1 ! ,mallory1 ! ,cromwell1 ! ,morgan1 ! ,new ,york ,/eam%ip ,company1 & ! ,r$ ,cross l9es4 ,! ocean /eam%ip l9es require an auxili>y fleet ( h>bor vessels z t5d]s to !m4 ,( ^!1 ! mo/ num]\s are ! t[-boats1 or tugs1 z !y are popul>ly call$4 ,!re are #cge t[-boats regi/]$ at ,new ,york1 b fully #djj float on ! wat]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ! city4 ,ab\t #ej t[-boats h a gross tonnage ( ov] #ajj tons4 ,among ! l>ge/ are ! ,amboy1 ( #bgb tons1 & ! ,luck5back1 an ocean tug1 ( #bee tons4 ,/ill l>g] ?an ^! are ! ,v&]bilt & ,oswego1 ! side-:eel]s :i* pull ! long /r+s ( canal-boats up & d[n ! ,hudson4 ,! t[-boats are fitt$ ) p[]ful eng9es1 & ! facility ) :i* "o little tug w pull a %ip _m times h] size1 or a doz5 canal-boats1 is a m>vel to ! visitor f inl& di/ricts4 ,! mo/ p[]ful ( ^! tugs h eng9es ( #ijj indicat$ horse-p[]1 & ( ! type kn[n z ! =e-&-aft1 or t&em4 ,two ( ^! h>bor tugs1 ! ,amboy & ! ,r>itan1 bo? belong+ to ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company1 h be5 op]at$ ) tw9 screws = tw5ty ye>s at lea/4 ,less ?an tw5ty-five p] c5t4 ( ! freight trade ( ! c\ntry is c>ri$ on by %ips fly+ ! ,/>s & ,/ripes4 ,dur+ ! cal5d> ye> ( #ahij1 #cc1cei vessels engag$ 9 =eign trade ent]$ at ! ports ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,_! total tonnage 0 #ah1eaj1cgd4 ,am]ican vessels1 to ! numb] ( #aa1jcc1 c>ri$ #d1ccd1ggd tons ( ! total am\nt1 & =eign %ips h&l$ #ad1age1fjj tons4 ,! m]*ant m>9e ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has a total tonnage ( #d1dbd1dig4 ,! coa/wise fleet has an aggregate tonnage ( #c1dji1dce2 ! =eign trade1 #ibh1jfb2 & vessels regi/]+ #hg1jjj tons are engag$ 9 ! cod & :ale fi%]ies4 ,! vessels belong+ to ! port ( ,new ,york 9 #ahij 7 #a1igf sail+ vessels1 ( #dji1dfh tons2 #a1jcb /eam vessels1 ( #cgd1fgc tons2 #bcj canal boats1 ( #bc1gji tons2 & #fga b>ges1 ( #adc1edj tons4 ,! volume ( ! ocean freight is enorm\s4 ,"s idea ( x c be ga!r$ f ! /ati/ics ( imports & exports issu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 ,( cotton alone1 ! va/ quantity ( #b1ijg1cjh1jjj p\nds 0 %ipp$ f ,am]ican ports dur+ ! fiscal ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #ahia4 ,?is is ! l>ge/ quantity ( cotton s5t out ( ! c\ntry 9 any "o ye>4 ,! value ( ! cotton export$ 0 #bij1gjh1hih1 :i* is ne>ly half ! value ( ! sum total ( ! f\r lead+ agricultural products4 ,?is am\nt$ to #ehh1bea1iab4 ,next to cotton1 ! mo/ important agricultural products export$ 7 bread/uffs1 includ+ gra91 :i* 7 valu$ at #abg1ffh1jib4 ,provisions1 includ+ meats & dairy products1 am\nt$ to #ca1fif1bcd4 ,x is wor? not+ t ! total value ( ! exports ( ^! five lead+ products 0 #ae1bfc1iea 9 excess ( ! same products 9 ! previ\s ye>4 ,! total value ( exports & imports ( m]*&ise1 dur+ ! fiscal ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #ahia1 0 #a1gbi1ccj1hif1 an increase ( #hb1aia1hjc ov] ! previ\s ye>1 & ( #bda1gig1hfi s9ce #ahhi4 ,! =eign comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ye> #ahij 0 ! l>ge/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry4 ,! movem5t ( ! va/ quantities ( agricultural products & manufactur$ goods kept ! ocean fleet busy4 ,=ty p] c5t4 ( ! total export trade ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates goes f ! port ( ,new ,york4 ,dur+ #ahij ! export bus9ess f ! five pr9cipal ports 0 z foll[s3 ,new ,york1 #cgj1cbb1dcj2 ,new ,orleans1 #ajg1cjj1fcg2 ,baltimore1 #gc1ifg1gif2 ,bo/on1 #gj1cfd1iee2 & ,philadelphia1 #cg1bda1fde4 ,! total f all ports 0 #hha1jgf1jag4 ,! imports 9 #ahij am\nt$ to a total ( #hbc1bhf1gce1 out ( :i* ,new ,york receiv$ #ebg1dig1aif1 consid]ably ov] "o-half4 ,x might be not$ 9 pass+1 t ( ! total am\nt ( cu/oms duties collect$ by ! ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahij1 #fg4ag p] c5t4 came f ,new ,york4 ,"t is a great factor 9 ocean freight transportation1 z well z 9 ! pass5g] bus9ess4 ,9 ! old days :5 ! clipp] %ip 0 consid]$ a p]fect type ( ocean travel1 tw5ty days 0 a quick passage betwe5 ,new ,york & ,liv]pool1 & :5 ! ,r$ ,jacket made h] fam\s trip 9 #ac days1 #a h\r1 & #be m9utes1 ! feat creat$ z mu* excitem5t z ! break+ ( a record by an ocean greyh\nd does 9 ^! days ( m>9e triumphs4 ,! trip 0 made 9 #ahed1 & 0 an ea/w>d "o1 ! sail] logg+ #c1jag miles f ,s&y ,hook to ,liv]pool4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ! clipp] %ip ,m>y ,:itr$ge ran f ,baltimore to ,liv]pool 9 #ac days & #g h\rs2 %e travell$ #c1djj miles4 ,ano!r rem>kable trip 0 made by ! ,dreadnaught 9 #ahfj4 ,%e sight$ ! ,iri% coa/ 9 #i days & #ag h\rs aft] leav+ ,new ,york2 b x took h] ?ree days long] to rea* ,liv]pool4 ,an in/ance %[+ ! sail+ quality ( ! old clipp] %ips occurr$ 9 #ahfd4 ,! ,adelaide1 ( ! ,williams ,guion l9e1 :ile on h] way d[n ,new ,york ,bay1 0 pass$ by ! /eam%ip ,sidon1 ( ! ,cun>d l9e2 b ! ,adelaide arriv$ 9 ! ,m]sey be=e ! ,sidon1 hav+ made ! passage 9 #ab days & #h h\rs4 ,! clipp] %ip 0 ! ocean greyh\nd ( ! ,fifties4 ,h] l9es 7 ^? ( a rac]1 h] t[]+ ma/s & broad expanse ( canvas gave h] ! b5efit ( e breeze4 ,%e c>ri$ only ! bett] class ( freight 9 addition to h] pass5g]s1 & x 0 n until "s "t aft] /eam%ips _h become an e/abli%$ fact t ! pass5g]s ab&on$ ! clipp]s to ! freight traffic4 ,= a "t ! sail+ vessels held _! own z freight c>ri]s1 b ! improvem5ts 9 /eam%ips ( rec5t ye>s h robb$ !m ( ! bulk ( _! trade4 ,!y /ill hold _! own = long sea voyages4 ,!re is a limit to ! use ( /eam1 & x is rea*$ :5 ! di/ance to be travell$ makes ! co/ ( coal & ! space x occupies great] ?an ! value ( ! c>go w w>rant4 ,until "s new motive p[] replaces /eam1 or /eam is produc$ by ! use ( petroleum or o!r conc5trat$ fuel1 ! clipp] %ip /ill has an occupation1 & ! he>ts ( all old-"t skipp]s w be gladd5$ by ! sight ( h] :ite w+s ^u ! seas4 ,9 #ahej a #a1djj-ton sail+ vessel 0 consid]$ a big %ip1 b "s ( ! new ,briti% f\r-ma/$ /eel %ips sail+ betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica c>ry f #e1jjj to #f1jjj tons ( c>go4 99 99 99 99 99 ,great z h be5 ! *anges 9 ocean transportation1 /ill great] *anges are p5d+4 ,! transatlantic bus9ess %[s ! mo/ m>k$ *anges4 ,f ! old "t packet%ip to ! e>ly type ( /eam%ip 0 b ! fir/ /ep4 ,fa/] vessels 7 built1 & ! space devot$ to c>go 0 encroa*$ ^u by enorm\s eng9es & boil]s1 by big coal bunk]s1 & by l>ge saloons & an increas$ numb] ( /ate-rooms4 ,! hulls *ang$ f ! bulg+ sides ( ! fir/ types to ! n>r[1 rac+ patt]n ( to-day4 ,spe$ & ! arrangem5ts = ! com=t ( a l>ge li/ ( pass5g]s robb$ ! vessels ( _! freight capacity1 & n[ ! freight ( an ocean greyh\nd is a second>y consid]ation4 ,?is necessitat$ ! creation ( a di/9ct class1 kn[n z ! freight]4 ,! fir/ railway c>s hav+ comp>tm5ts = pass5g]s1 baggage1 & freight 7 *ang$ to express tra9s1 :]e spe$ & com=t are ! fir/ consid]ations1 & freight tra9s1 :]e c>ry+ capacity is ! ma9 object4 ,9 j ! same mann]1 & = ! same reasons1 ! ocean traffic is und]go+ *anges4 ,! day _c be f> di/ant :5 ! pass5g] %ips w take only pass5g]s1 mails1 specie1 & express packages4 ,! be/-in=m$ nautical m5 to-day decl>e t ! progress ( ! la/ five ye>s1 rem>kable z x has be51 is b a circum/ance comp>$ ) ! possibilities ( ! future4 ,illu/ration3 ,unload+ & ,load+ a ,coa/wise ,/eam] by ,electric ,light4 ,! ocean greyh\nd is simply an expon5t ( ! times4 ,:at ! limit$ express tra9s are on l&1 ! rac] is ^u ! sea--! 8,atlantic ,limit$40 ,exp5se is no object4 ,! fa/] ! %ip1 ! great] ! ru% = passage 9 h]4 ,%e is1 ( c\rse1 a float+ palace ( magnific5ce1 b spe$ is ! ma9 object1 & spe$ is at times z important = c]ta9 classes ( freight z x is = pass5g]s4 ,! hue & cry t /eam%ip companies are endang]+ ! lives ( _! pass5g]s by ocean rac+ is po9t$ 9 ! wrong direction4 ,x is ! public :o are to blame1 if blame x is to annihilate "t & space by ! g5ius ( man4 ,! own]s ( ^! vessels sp5d millions to build %ips1 & !n risk bo? _! capital inve/$1 & ! reputation ( _! l9e = safety1 9 ord] to satisfy _! patrons4 ,p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury--,am]icans 9 p>ticul>--are 9 a hurry1 & nev] /op to consid] ! enorm\s exp5se1 ! imm5se consumption ( coal1 ! fe>ful & t]rible /ra9 on ! firem5 & coal-pass]s d[n 9 ! b[els ( ! great vessel4 ,ev]y?+ is done ) a ru%4 ,lightn+ express tra9s across cont95ts & rac]s ^u ! oceans are necessities ( ! day4 ,! love ( record-break+ is univ]sal4 ,! p]=mance ( ! ,maje/ic on ,augu/ #e1 #ahia1 ?rill$ ! p ( e nation4 ,h] triumph ( cross+ ! ,atlantic 9 #e days1 #ah h\rs1 & #h m9utes 0 e*o$ r\nd ! _w4 ,h>dly _h ! e*oes di$ out :5 h] si/]-%ip--tw9 9 size & type--! ,teutonic1 came into ,new ,york ,h>bor ) a bett] record /ill4 ,x 0 #e days1 #af h\rs1 & #cj m9utes1 & ! ,teutonic 0 cr[n$ 8,que5 ( ! ,seas40 ,b = h[ long8 ,! ,city ( ,p>is held h] record = upw>d ( two ye>s2 ! ,etruria & ! ,umbria ea* 0 ! crack rac] = a ye>2 b ! ,maje/ic only held ! covet$ place at ! head ( ! ,atlantic fleet = j two weeks4 ,at ! rate ( increase ( spe$ s9ce #ahhj1 :5 ! ,arizona 0 *ampion1 ) a record ( #g days1 #h h\rs1 & #h m9utes1 we %\ld h a five-day %ip be=e _m ye>s1 & p]haps ev5tually a f\r-day %ip4 ,at a #be-knot gait a /eam%ip w\ld cross f ,daunt's ,rock to ,s&y ,hook 9 #d days & #ae h\rs4 ,! ,teutonic av]ag$ #bj4cdi knots = ! entire trip1 & on a #bd-;h\r run %e av]ag$ ov] #ba knots4 ,! success ( ! ,:ite ,/> %ips is b\nd to h a m>k$ effect ^u ! future ( ocean navigation4 ,! ,cun>d ,company has already contract$ = ! con/ruction ( two /eam%ips :i* are promis$ to outdo any ( ! pres5t greyh\nds2 & rumor has x t ! ,inman l9e is ab\t to add two new vessels to its fleet1 ! plans ( :i* are n[ prep>$1 & x is expect$ t ^! new %ips w g 8"o bett]40 ,%\ld ?is promise be fulfill$1 !re is little d\bt b t ,europeans :o visit ,*icago's ,columbian ,fair 9 #ahic may cross ! ,atlantic 9 five days1 or ev5 less4 ,! freight capacity ( ! ocean greyh\nd1 h[ev]1 is small comp>$ ) h] gross tonnage4 ,! eng9es1 boil]1 & coal bunk]s1 & ! space devot$ to pass5g]s1 leave b little room = g5]al c>go4 ,?us ! gross tonnage ( ! ,teutonic is #i1fhf1 & h] net tonnage #d1bdd1 consid]ably less ?an half2 :ile ! ,cufic1 a freight boat ( ! same l9e1 ) a gross tonnage ( #d1fci1 has a net tonnage ( #c1jee4 ,! fa/ /eam%ips !re=e con/itute ! ocean express4 ,!y c>ry ! mails1 specie1 & freights ( a p]i%able nature1 l meats & provisions1 or ( a "* t requires spe$y deliv]y4 ,! mail is plac$ 9 a capaci\s comp>tm5t ab\t #ej feet long1 #ae feet wide1 & #g feet high4 ,x is locat$ on ! l[] orlop deck1 =w>d ( ! =ehat*1 & is capable ( hold+ ab\t #a1jjj bags ( mail4 ,! bags = ! diff]5t c\ntries are sep>at$ 9 transit1 & on arrival at ,que5/[n ! mails are l&$1 provid$ !re is "t to cat* ! #ab4cj ,a4,m4 special tra91 :i* is made up to connect ) ! mail-boat leav+ ,k+/[n e>ly ! same morn+ = ,holyhead4 ,%\ld ?is connection be miss$1 only ! ,iri% & ,scot* mails are l&$ at ,que5/[n4 ,! o!r mails are l&$ at ,liv]pool4 ,to ! /eam%ip ,trave belongs ! honor ( hav+ c>ri$ ! l>ge/ ,european mail ev] %ipp$ f ! port ( ,new ,york1 be+ #a1jjb bags1 9 ,decemb]1 #ahhi4 ,! l>ge/ ,european mail ev] receiv$ at ! port ( ,new ,york 0 #a1jfb bags1 br\ght by ! ,s]via 9 ,decemb]1 #ahij4 ,! sy/em ( sort+ ! mails on bo>d %ip1 :i* 0 rec5tly inaugurat$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,g]man gov]nm5ts1 is a success4 ,x is 9 op]ation on eight vessels ( ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd l9e & ! f\r express %ips ( ! ,hamburg-,am]ican l9e4 ,?is sy/em is t]m$ ! 8sea po/-(fice10 & is simil> to a po/-(fice on l&4 ,! space requir$ on bo>d %ip = ! manipulation ( ! mails is equal to ab\t ?ree or f\r /ate-rooms4 ,= ea* vessel ! ,unit$ ,/ates provides "o (ficial1 & ,g]many supplies ano!r4 ,! latt] has an assi/ant4 ,all disbursem5ts are made at pres5t by ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t1 b at ! end ( ! ye> ! two gov]nm5ts divide ! exp5ses4 ,on ! ea/]n trip all mails1 except ! newspap] mail1 are l&$ at ,s\?ampton4 ,only ! ,g]man mail1 & t = c\ntries beyond ,g]many1 is sort$4 ,! ,briti% mail is put a%ore unsort$1 9 ! same mann] t x is on ! ,briti% /eam%ip l9es4 ,! sort+ ( ! mail dur+ ! passage enables ! packages = ea* c\ntry to be =w>d$ direct f ! ne>e/ l&+-po9t to _! ultimate de/9ation )\t delay4 ,! sav+ ( "t at ,new ,york ,city alone is f #d to #f h\rs1 & = ,pittsburg & = po9ts we/ & s\? ( t place1 :]e an imm$iate reply is requir$1 a sav+ ( f #bd to #dh h\rs is effect$4 ,! day _c be f> di/ant :5 all =eign mails w be sort$ at sea2 ! sy/em inde$ has be5 9 op]ation = _m ye>s on ! ,p4 ,o4 %ips sail+ to ,india & ,au/ralia4 ,9 ^! days ( heavy gold %ipm5ts1 ! specie-room on ! /eam%ip is a v important in/itution4 ,x is locat$ 9 an out-(-!-way place amid%ips1 "u ! saloon4 ,few ( ! pass5g]s "k ( its exi/5ce1 or ( ! valuable treasure t is c>ri$ across ! ocean ) !m4 ,! room v>ies slightly on diff]5t %ips1 b is usually ab\t #af feet long1 by #aj feet wide1 & #h feet high4 ,x is con/ruct$ ( /eel plates "o-qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 & /rongly rivet$ toge!r4 ,! floor1 ! ceil+1 & ! walls are all ( /eel plates4 ,!re is a heavy door1 also made ( /eel4 ,x is provid$ ) two ,engli% 8,*ubb0 locks1 a v>iety ( comb9ation lock t is said to be burgl>-pro(4 ,! gold & silv] is usually 9 b>s1 b occasionally a quantity ( co9 9 bags is %ipp$4 ,?is 0 ! case :5 ! heavy %ipm5ts ( gold 7 made la/ spr+4 ,! ,maje/ic is cr$it$ ) c>ry+ ! l>ge/ quantity1 h] /rong box hav+ #d1ejj1jjj intru/$ to x = safe keep+4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,specie-room ( a ,pass5g] ,/eam%ip4 ,! fa/ /eam%ips are provid$ ) enorm\s refrig]ators = c>ry+ dress$ beef & mutton4 ,! temp]ature is kept at ab\t #cj degrees4 ,fruits1 vegetables1 butt]1 *eese1 & bacon are %ipp$ 9 l>ge quantities 9 summ]1 & apples1 oranges1 oy/]s1 & hops are s5t ov] 9 ! w9t]4 ,space is always res]v$ = ! v>i\s ,european express companies4 ,next to ! ocean greyh\nd comes a class ( /eam%ips requir+ f #g to #h days to cross ! ,atlantic1 & hav+ accommodation = f #hjj to #a1jjj pass5g]s ( all classes1 & f #b1jjj to #e1jjj tons ( freight4 ,bo? pass5g] & freight rates are slightly less ?an on ! greyh\nds1 a pref]5ce be+ giv5 to ! latt] at c]ta9 times1 accord+ to ! condition ( ! m>ket4 ,! sl[] %ips are patroniz$ by p to :om ! sav+ ( a few doll>s is an object1 & by "s :o enjoy ! ocean trip too mu* to be 9 a hurry ab\t l&+1 & by o!rs :o imag9e all sorts ( dreadful ?+s are go+ to happ5 to ! rac]s4 ,! class ( freight c>ri$ v>ies b little f ! fa/] %ips1 except t ! mails1 specie1 & express goods are usually lack+4 ,cotton1 tobacco1 & m]*&ise1 includ+ manufactur$ goods & ma*9]y1 =m ! bulk ( ! g5]al c>go4 ,! next grade ( /eam%ip is ! new type1 call$ ! freight]4 ,x is ! result ( ! t5d5cy to build express %ips1 & its object is to accommodate ! freight :i* is cr[d$ out by ! spe$ requirem5ts4 ,^! %ips comb9e enorm\s freight capacity ) a high rate ( spe$ & m9imum coal consumption4 ,!y h r$uc$ ! "t ( freight]s betwe5 ,new ,york & ,liv]pool f #af to #aj days )\t mat]ially increas+ ! rate ( freight4 ,!y c>ry heavy goods ( all k9ds to ! am\nt ( #e1jjj tons1 & f #fjj to #hjj head ( cattle4 ,to ?is class belong ! f\r new ,:ite ,/> %ips1 ! ,tauric1 ! ,nomadic--bo? ( :i* h tw9 screws--! ,runic1 & ! ,cufic2 also ! ,europe & ,am]ica1 ( ! ,national l9e4 ,! ,nomadic has ! record ( c>ry+ ! l>ge/ am\nt ( freight 9 "o trip4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahia1 %e c>ri$ #i1eia tons1 includ+ coal necess>y = ! voyage4 ,! ,am]ica1 ( ! ,national l9e1 left ! port ( ,new ,york1 ,m>* #ag1 #ahia1 ) #h1egg tons1 includ+ h] coal1 :i* 0 ! l>ge/ c>go on record at t "t1 & until surpass$ by ! ,nomadic4 ,! ,engl&1 also ( ! ,national l9e1 c>ri$ #a1jbb head ( cattle f ?is port on ,septemb] #ah1 #ahhi4 ,?is is ! l>ge/ c>go ( cattle ev] c>ri$ by any %ip4 ,j previ\s to ! heavy duty on t9-plate go+ into effect on ,july #a1 #ahia1 ! ,cufic br\ght ! l>ge/ c>go ( t9-plate on record1 be+ #gf1ebi boxes4 ,a type ( %ip :i* 0 at "o "t consid]$ a fir/-class pass5g] vessel has be5 gradually =c$ f ! trade by fa/] %ips m luxuri\sly fitt$1 & is n[ engag$ 9 c>ry+ g5]al freight4 ,to ?is class belong ! entire fleet ( ! ,national l9e1 "s ( :i*1 l ! ,spa91 7 at "o "t favorite pass5g] boats4 ,ano!r class ( freight /eam%ip is t w&]] ( ! seas1 ! 8tramp40 ,belong+ to no regul> l9e1 id5tifi$ ) no p>ticul> class ( c>go1 hav+ no regul>ity z to "t ( dep>ture or ports ( de/9ation1 & ) a hold t takes any?+ f cotton to guano1 f guano to bananas1 & f bananas to petroleum1 ?is nomad ( ! deep is a peculi> in/itution4 ,:at m appropriate "n ?an 8tramp0 c y sugge/8 ,%e is (t5 a %ip ( consid]able size1 & is usually *>t]$ = c>goes ( a heavy "*1 b w take any?+ t (f]s4 ,%e usually has eng9es ( l[ p[]1 & h] coal consumption is small4 ,%e requires f #ae to #bj days to cross ! ,atlantic4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahia m5 :o g d[n to ! sea 9 %ips 7 />tl$ by see+ some?+ new4 ,a type ( vessel ( :i* mu* is promis$1 ev5 to a revolution ( ! entire ocean freight bus9ess ( ! _w1 successfully made ! trip f ! head ( ,lake ,sup]ior to ,liv]pool1 & return$ to ?is c\ntry4 ,?is is ! 8:aleback0 ,*>les ,w4 ,wetmore4 ,built at ,we/ ,sup]ior1 ,mi*41 ?is orig9al craft1 hav+ m ! appe>ance ( a l>ge b>ge ?an an ocean /eam%ip1 has tak5 #hg1jjj bu%els ( gra91 f ! he>t ( ! gra9-produc+ region1 ?r\gh ! lakes & ! rapids ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]1 to ! ocean & across to ,liv]pool4 ,! vessel is %ap$ l a huge cig>1 po9t$ at bo? ends2 h] deck is ar*$ & )\t any ob/ructions1 save = a small turret =w>d1 & a deck-h\se aft4 ,! latt] conta9s ! cab91 :eel-h\se1 & qu>t]s = ! capta91 (fic]s1 & eng9e]s4 ,:5 load$1 ! hat*es1 :i* are huge iron plates1 are bolt$ d[n & =m a smoo? deck surface1 ov] :i* ! waves h full play1 sav+ ,jack ,t> ! tr\ble ( us+ ! holy-/one or swab4 ,! crew is qu>t]$ 9 ! turret =w>d4 ,! ma*9]y1 :i* is locat$ directly aft1 consi/s ( a comp\nd eng9e ( #hjj horse-p[]1 ) a #bf-;in* high-pressure cyl9d]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! 8,:aleback0 ,/eam%ip = ,gra9 & o!r ,freight4 ,! hull is made ( /eel1 & is #bfe feet 9 l5g?1 #ch feet 9 bread?1 & ! dep? ( hold is #bd feet4 ,f\r feet above ! keel is an inn] sk9 = additional safety1 & betwe5 ?is sk9 & ! hull are n9e comp>tm5ts1 :i* are buoyant air-*amb]s :5 ! %ip is load$1 & s]ve to hold wat] balla/ :5 %e has a light c>go4 ,a rail+ made ( wire rope ext5ds ! l5g? ( ! hull on ea* side1 & is int5d$ z a protection = ! m5 :5 !y h occasion to visit _! %ipmates 9 ! aft] "p ( ! vessel4 ,! hold is "o l>ge comp>tm5t1 ) a bulkhead =w>d1 :]e ! m5's qu>t]s are1 & "o aft1 :]e ! ma*9]y is locat$1 & also ! firem5's qu>t]s4 ,! ,wetmore draws #ag feet ( wat]1 & h] capacity is said to be #ajj1jjj bu%els ( gra91 or #c1jjj tons ( o!r c>go4 ,! advantages claim$ = ! :aleback are h] l[ co/ ( con/ruction1 :i* is "o-?ird less ?an t ( an ,engli% tramp /eam%ip ( ! same capacity2 h] elongat$1 elliptical =m1 :i* (f]s less resi/ance to ! w9d & waves1 s t %e c be propell$ ) less p[] ?an ! ord9>y /eam%ip2 h] small consumption ( coal1 b f twelve to ?irte5 tons a day1 or ab\t half t ( an ord9>y /eam%ip1 be+ us$2 & a crew ( tw5ty m5 navigat+ ! ,wetmore1 z aga9/ a crew ( ?irty m5 requir$ to man ano!r %ip4 ,x is also /at$ t ! ,wetmore c be dis*>g$ m quickly ( gra9 or o!r c>go1 & t !re is less roll+ & toss+ at sea ?an 9 ! ord9>y type ( /eam%ips4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t z yet ! ,wetmore is only an exp]im5t4 ,h] transatlantic trip 0 tak5 9 ,augu/1 :5 ! sea 0 mo/ tranquil4 ,h[ %e w behave 9 midw9t]1 :5 h] ar*$ back w be coat$ ) ice1 & h] deck-works p]haps wa%$ away1 is n q cle>4 ,h] lack ( life-boats & o!r life-sav+ appliances is also noticeable4 ,?is type ( vessel 9 "s modifi$ =m w no d\bt be a great success z a c>ri] ( gra91 coal1 oil1 molasses1 & o!r bulky freights2 b ! ,wetmore mu/ be furni%$ ) hoi/+ ma*9]y or o!r devices 9 ord] to facilitate ! quick load+ ( heavy mat]ials1 be=e %e becomes :at may be reg>d$ z a complete success4 ,to ! ?ree classes ( /eam%ips la/ m5tion$1 ! c>ry+ ( gra9 is a l>ge item4 ,b !re are at all seasons ( ! ye> vessels engag$ almo/ exclusively 9 c>ry+ gra94 ,ab\t #b1jjj vessels load$ ) gra9 sail$ f ! port ( ,new ,york dur+ #ahij4 ,! numb] 0 ev5 great] 9 #ahia1 ow+ to ! abundance & quality ( ! gra9 crop ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! small crops abroad1 & ! action ( ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t 9 prohibit+ ! export ( rye f its t]ritory4 ,! sail+ vessel is rapidly disappe>+ f ! gra9-c>ry+ trade4 ,t5 ye>s ago !re 7 #a1ghb sail+ %ips engag$ 9 ! gra9 trade1 n[ !re are only ab\t ?irty c>goes 9 a ye> f ,new ,york4 ,! total am\nt ( gra9 & bread/uffs export$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahij 0 valu$ at #ada1fjb1hdg4 ,( ?is ,new ,york %ipp$ #cb-a_/d p] c5t41 & yet fe>s are ent]ta9$ t ,new ,york w lose h] gra9 bus9ess1 ow+ to ! heavy port & /orage *>ges comp>$ ) ^? ( o!r seaports4 ,9 #ahij1 ,new ,york h&l$ #de1fdi1gfe wor? ( gra94 ,corn l$ 9 ! am\nt %ipp$1 !re be+ a total ( #bd1cgd1gde bu%els4 ,:eat came next ) #ab1fjg1dhd bu%els1 & !re 7 #i1aib1bjc bu%els ( oats & #a1chi1dai bu%els ( rye4 ,!re 7 #c1fic1eih b>rels ( :eat fl\r %ipp$ f ,new ,york out ( a total = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( #aa1cai1def b>rels4 ,b>ley1 buck:eat1 & rice 7 export$ 9 small] quantities1 & cornmeal1 oatmeal1 & o!r prep>ations1 n includ$ 9 ! above figures1 7 s5t to =eign ports4 ,%ips are specially fitt$ up = c>ry+ gra94 ,! hold is divid$ into comp>tm5ts by a longitud9al bulkhead 9 addition to ! ord9>y bulkheads4 ,?is is done to prev5t ! c>go f %ift+4 ,! hold is ceil$ 9 ord] to prev5t any wa/e ( gra9 :i* is %ipp$ 9 bulk 9 ! l[] hold2 %ift+ planks are plac$ on ea* side ( ! keelson & fitt$ to side /an*ions betwe5 ! beams1 & c>e is tak5 to secure ! planks s t !y w hold _! places ev5 9 a r\gh sea4 ,! ,briti% ,bo>d ( ,trade requires t ! hat*es ( ! l[] hold %all be suppli$ ) a fe$] or hopp] capable ( hold+ a suffici5t quantity ( gra9 to fill ! hold completely z ! gra9 settles2 ^! fe$]s ext5d above ! l[] deck4 ,! space betwe5 decks is fill$ ) gra9 9 bags4 ,c>e is tak5 9 load+ to /[ ^! bags s t ! space betwe5 decks w be entirely fill$4 ,^! requirem5ts h be5 adopt$ by %ip-own]s & %ipp]s g5]ally4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,am]ican l9e f ,philadelphia1 ,unit$ ,/ates vessels cut b a small figure 9 gra9 traffic4 ,_! f\r vessels are ! only ,am]ican /eam%ips engag$ 9 ! bus9ess4 ,9 "o ye> ,great ,brita9 c>ri$ #faf %iploads ( gra91 or an aggregate ( ne>ly #be1jjj1jjj bu%els2 ,g]many c>ri$ #afg %iploads1 or ne>ly #d1jjj1jjj bu%els2 ,belgium c>ri$ #gj %iploads2 ,france1 #cc2 ,d5m>k1 #ba2 ,italy1 #ae2 ,spa91 #h2 ,au/ria1 #aj2 ,portugal1 #i2 & ,norway1 #f4 ,! h&l+ ( all ?is gra91 by ! "t x arrives by canal-boat or by railway f ! ,we/1 to ! "t t ! %ip sails f ! h>bor1 requires a l>ge numb] ( elevators & _m m54 ,!re are #ca float+ elevators 9 ! port ( ,new ,york1 :i* are t[$ alongside ( gra9 %ips 9 ord] to fill 9 bulk4 ,! gra9 is simply pump$ f ! capaci\s b9s ( ! elevator to ! hold ( ! %ip4 ,! l>ge /ation>y gra9 elevators are us$ z mu* = /orage z = load+ vessels4 ,! numb] ( /ation>y elevators 9 ! port ( ,new ,york is #bb1 & ! total /orage capacity ( ?is port is #bf1jjj1jjj bu%els4 ,"s idea ( ! quantity ( gra9 /or$ 9 "o ( ^! elevators may be ga9$ f ! fact t :5 ! elevators ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railroad ,company1 at ,sixtie? ,/reet & ! ,nor? ,riv]1 7 burn$1 ! loss on ! gra9 alone am\nt$ to at lea/ #ge1jjj4 ,! elevators _h a total capacity ( #b1cjj1jjj bu%els1 & conta9$ only #ajj1jjj bu%els at ! "t ( ! fire4 ,only "o elevator 0 rebuilt4 ,! transf] capacity at ! port ( ,new ,york1 or ! rate at :i* gra9 %ips c be load$1 is #deh1jjj bu%els p] h\r4 ,ano!r type ( vessel is ! fruit /eam%ip4 ,!re are ab\t #ij 9 ! tropical fruit trade betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,we/ ,indies1 & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,bananas =m ! great bulk ( ! trade2 cocoa-nuts1 oranges1 p9eapples1 & o!r fruits make up ! balance ( ! c>goes4 ,! pr9cipal fruit ports 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 besides ,new ,york1 are ,bo/on1 ,philadelphia1 ,baltimore1 & ,new ,orleans4 ,! /eam%ips are built expressly = ! fruit trade1 & are all1 or ne>ly s1 "u ! ,norwegian & ,engli% flags1 ! ,norwegian %ips pr$om9at+4 ,! hull is ( /eel l9$ ) wood2 ! space betwe5 ! /eel plates 7or out] sk9 ( ! vessel7 & ! wood is fill$ 9 ) *>coal1 :i* makes ! %ip a huge float+ refrig]ator4 ,! vessels are provid$ ) all ! late/ improvem5ts 9 motive p[]1 includ+ triple-expansion eng9es & /eam /e]+-ge>4 ,"s ( ! be/ %ips devot$ exclusively to ! fruit trade h tw9 screws1 & h accommodation = f #aj to #ab saloon pass5g]s4 ,_! av]age spe$ is f #aa to #ac knots4 ,_m ( ! %ips h _! eng9es & boil]s fur!r aft ?an is ! case 9 ord9>y freight]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,unload+ a ,banana ,/eam%ip4 ,fruit /eam%ips h ?ree decks1 all op51 ) a space ( ab\t two in*es betwe5 ea* ( ! deck planks4 ,?is arrangem5t assures a free circulation ( air at all times1 & ?us ! fruit is pres]v$ f heat+ & decay4 ,^! %ips c>ry f #ae1jjj to #be1jjj bun*es ( bananas1 ea* bun* av]ag+ 9 weight f #fj to #hj p\nds1 b "s bun*es h be5 f\nd to weigh ov] #bjj p\nds4 ,! fruit is 8/[$0 by an exp]i5c$ /ev$ore1 :o devotes himself exclusively to ! fruit trade4 ,! bun*es are plac$ on end along ! decks1 until all ! space is fill$2 !n a second & a ?ird ti] ( bun*es are laid flat1 "o ov] ! o!r1 9 a mann] t all[s pl5ty ( v5tilation4 ,great c>e is tak5 to prev5t ! fruit f contact ) salt-wat]1 :i* causes ! black spots frequ5tly se5 on bananas4 ,aft] ! vessels dis*>ge ! fruit !y return 9 balla/ = ano!r c>go4 ,! bulk ( ! crop is %ipp$ dur+ ! five mon?s f ,febru>y to ,augu/4 ,at ! expiration ( ! season ab\t "o-?ird ( ! fruit vessels return to tropical ports & cont9ue 9 ! trade betwe5 !re & ! ,unit$ ,/ates fruit ports dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! o!r %ips return to ,europe ) a gra9 c>go1 & are *>t]$ = g5]al freight until ! next fruit season4 ,besides ^! vessels already m5tion$1 !re are also ?ree or f\r regul> /eam%ip l9es :i* are l>gely engag$ 9 ! tropical fruit trade4 ,! pr9cipal l9es are ! ,atlas l9e1 ! ,pacific ,mail1 ! ,an*or l9e1 & ! ,honduras ,c5tral ,am]ican l9e4 ,! vessels ( ! ,atlas l9e are fitt$ ) ! mo/ mod]n appliances = ! pres]vation ( ! fruit4 ,all ^! l9es h excell5t pass5g] accommodation1 & c>ry a g5]al c>go z well4 ,! total receipts ( bananas at all ,unit$ ,/ates ports 9 #ahij 0 #ac1bhd1gef bun*es1 ,new ,york alone receiv+ #e1dcc1bie bun*es ( ! fruit4 ,! pr9cipal ports ( %ipm5ts 7 ,jamaica1 #b1ajh1ige bun*es2 ,b>acoa1 #a1dgh1eif bun*es2 ,port ,limon1 #edg1igf bun*es2 ,honduras1 #bje1bij bun*es2 & o!r ports1 #abe1jjj bun*es4 ,! ,m$it]ranean fruit trade requires a l>ge fleet ( /eam%ips dur+ ! autumn & w9t] mon?s4 ,oranges1 lemons1 limes1 ,malaga grapes1 rais9s1 currants1 & nuts =m ! bulk ( ! c>goes4 ,sicily alone s5ds u #a1jjj1jjj boxes ( oranges a ye>1 & half z _m boxes ( lemons4 ,spani% grapes1 to ! am\nt ( #fjj1jjj b>rels annually1 & dri$ fruits 9 va/ quantities f ! v>i\s ,m$it]ranean ports1 make up an enorm\s import trade4 ,!re are no /eam%ips specially devot$ to ?is bus9ess1 z ! season la/s only a portion ( ! ye>4 ,! vessels employ$ are /eam%ips :i* are well v5tilat$1 & hav+ a good rate ( spe$1 z !y all1 or ne>ly s1 c>ry pass5g]s & a g5]al c>go4 ,! ,florio l9e1 ! ,m$it]ranean fleet ( ! ,an*or l9e1 & ! ,m$it]ranean & ,new ,york ,/eam%ip ,company1 h&le ne>ly all ( ?is class ( trade4 ,! tank /eam%ip1 = c>ry+ oil 9 bulk1 is an ,am]ican inv5tion4 ,%ip-build]s decl>$ = ye>s t no vessel ) a %ift+ c>go1 l oil 9 bulk1 w\ld live ?r\gh a gale1 b an ent]pris+ ,yankee demon/rat$ ! fact t petroleum c\ld be pump$ f ! pipe l9e directly into ! hold ( a /eam%ip & transport$ across ! ocean 9 safety4 ,! co/ ( b>rell+ ! oil is sav$1 & !re is also consid]able economy 9 load+4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross-section ( a ,tank ,/eam%ip1 %[+ ! ,expansion ,tank4 ,! tank /eam%ip c always be di/+ui%$ by h] odd appe>ance1 ! funnel be+ plac$ a little =w>d ( ! mizz5-ma/4 ,%e has two decks2 ! hold is divid$ into f #g to #i comp>tm5ts or tanks = oil2 ea* tank has a capacity ( ab\t #d1jjj b>rels4 ,an empty space ( ab\t two feet1 call$ a safety well1 is =w>d ( ! boil]s & eng9es1 sep>at+ !m f ! c>go hold4 ,?is empty space1 :i* has a bulkhead on ea* side1 is sometimes fill$ ) wat]4 ,! dep? ( ! tanks or hold is ab\t #bd feet4 ,on ! top ( ^! tanks are expansion tanks1 ab\t #e feet squ>e1 rea*+ to ! upp] deck1 & provid$ ) hat*es4 ,! tanks are fill$ q full1 b suffici5t space is left unfill$ 9 ! expansion tanks to all[ = ! expansion ( ! oil1 :i* is "o p] c5t4 9 volume = e #bj degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,! tanks are fill$ by means ( a v p[]ful pump1 situat$ at v>y+ di/ances1 f a few y>ds to "o-eigh? ( a mile f ! %ip4 ,! greate/ c>e is tak5 9 load+ ! vessel4 ,a man ) a flag is /ation$ on ! %ip's deck1 & ano!r man ) a flag is plac$ at ! tank4 ,! signal to />t & to /op pump+ is pass$ f "o to ! o!r4 ,! l>ge/ vessel c be fill$ 9 ab\t twelve h\rs4 ,! balance ( space betwe5 decks is us$ = /or+ coal1 ! %ip's fuel4 ,:5 ! c>go is dis*>g$ 9 ,europe ! tanks are fill$ ) wat] balla/ = ! return trip4 ,illu/ration3 ,load+ a ,tank ,/eam%ip ) ,oil1 by ,=ce ,pumps4 ,"s ( ^! /eam%ips h be5 v lucky 9 pick+ up disabl$ pass5g] /eam%ips1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 means a sub/antial salvage4 ,!re are n[ ab\t #gj ( ^! tank /eam%ips 9 ! trade1 ! majority ( :i* are employ$ by ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company & _! connections1 & new ones are be+ con/antly add$ to meet ! increas+ trade4 ,!y are all "u =eign flag--,engli%1 ,g]man1 & ,dut*--b ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company owns a l>ge int]e/ 9 !m4 ,^! /eam%ips are all suppli$ ) triple expansion eng9es1 & are capable ( ma9ta9+ a spe$ ( f #h to #aa knots p] h\r on ! small coal consumption ( ab\t #be tons = ea* #bd h\rs4 ,! ,bayonne is ! fa/e/2 %e made ! trip f ,engl& to ,new ,york 9 #aa days1 av]ag+ #aa4aj knots p] h\r4 ,!y av]age f #b1jjj to #c1jjj tons gross1 & c>ry f #c1jjj to #d1jjj tons ( c>go4 ,aft ( ! eng9e-room is ! cab9 & (fic]s' qu>t]s1 :i* are com=table 9 e p>ticul>4 ,! crew is locat$ 9 ! =eca/le1 z is usual on all vessels4 ,! crew numb] ab\t #cj1 all told4 ,ano!r type ( /eam%ip1 :i* is an outcome ( ! tank idea1 is ! molasses %ip4 ,^! h be5 us$ ) success 9 c>ry+ molasses 9 bulk betwe5 ,havana & ,new ,york4 ,! ,circassian ,pr9ce is a notable in/ance ( ?is type4 ,! traffic 9 molasses is n v great at pres5t1 b :5 ! trade increases tank /eam%ips w1 no d\bt1 be l>gely employ$4 ,! load+ ( an ocean /eam%ip is a sight well wor? a visit to "o ( ! city pi]s to witness4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd1 ! ,hamburg-,am]ican1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 & ! ,?+valla l9es1 ^: pi]s are 9 ,hobok51 & ! ,r$ ,/> ,l9e1 & "s ( ! ,inman vessels1 9 ,j]sey ,city1 ! great transatlantic /eam%ips dock along ! ,nor? ,riv]1 f ,canal ,/reet up to ,tw5ty-f\r? ,/reet4 ,! l5g? ( ! /eam%ips1 "s ( !m be+ ne>ly #fjj feet1 make v long pi]s necess>y4 ,^! pi]s on a sail+ day pres5t an animat$ sc5e4 ,a long l9e ( trucks1 load$ ) all sorts ( m]*&ise1 moves sl[ly d[n ! pi]1 ea* truck deliv]+ its packages opposite ! p>ticul> hat*way d[n :i* !y are to be l[]$4 ,! big %ips load at f\r diff]5t hat*ways at ! same "t4 ,/eam-hoi/+ app>atus at ea*1 & sep>ate gangs ( m51 all1 h[ev]1 "u ! direction ( "o /ev$ore1 load & /[ ! imm5se c>go 9 an incr$ibly %ort space ( "t4 ,all prom95t l9es h&le _! own freight1 b "s ( ! small] l9es give x out by contract to a /ev$ore1 :o employs 8 own m54 ,ab\t six gangs ( tw5ty-five m5 ea*1 & ab\t twelve =em5 & dock-cl]ks are employ$4 ,z _m m5 are employ$ z c "w to advantage4 ,! day m5 are reliev$ by o!r gangs ( m5 :o "w at night4 ,9 ru% times a few m5 are add$ to ea* gang4 ,f #aj1jjj to #ajj1jjj packages con/itute an ocean /eam%ip's c>go4 ,! l>ge/ numb] ( packages are c>ri$ at ! season ( ! ye> :5 ! ,bordeaux fruit cann+ trade is on1 & ! proportion ( small packages is increas$4 ,"s big packages1 su* z a /reet-c> completely box$1 or a /eam-laun* enclos$ 9 a case1 require consid]able p[] & mu* skill to load4 ,heavy ma*9]y & enorm\s cases are lift$ f ! dock1 swung ov] ! op5 hat*way1 & l[]$ to ! cav]n\s dep?s z quickly & easily z ?\gh !y weigh$ b a hundr$ p\nds in/ead ( sev]al tons4 ,! /[+ ( ! freight requires exp]i5ce & judgm5t4 ,! weight mu/ be arrang$ s t ! vessel /&s ^u an ev5 keel1 & %e mu/ n be d[n at ! b[1 or too l[ at ! /]n4 ,!n ! c>go mu/ be /[$ s t x w n %ift4 ,! importance ( ?is is se5 :5 ! roll+ & plung+ ( ! %ip 9 a heavy sea is consid]$4 ,! c>go w\ld n only be s]i\sly injur$ if x tumbl$ ab\t1 b ! vessel w\ld be unmanageable4 ,! /ev$ores & ! 'long%orem5 :o att5d to ?is "w are exp]i5c$ m51 & ! difficulty ( load+ %ips ) inexp]i5c$ m5 caus$ ! own]s ( _m /eam%ips to p]mit !m to rema9 idle at ! "t ( ! great ,london dock /rikes4 ,p>ticul> att5tion is paid to /[+ ! c>go ( an ocean rac]4 ,e package is fitt$ into place1 s t ! c>go w be a solid "p ( ! vessel1 & s]ve to balla/ & trim h] to ! be/ advantage4#ai ,! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd l9e holds ! record = rapid load+ & unload+ ( c>go4 ,! ,eid] arriv$ at #aj ,a4,m41 "o day 9 ,janu>y1 #ahij1 & 9 tw5ty-n9e h\rs h] freight 0 dis*>g$1 & a full c>go1 ! mails1 & h] complem5t ( pass5g]s 7 on bo>d1 & ! l9es ca/ (f = a return trip to ,europe4 ,! ocean /eam%ips are coal$ at _! docks4 ,! b>ges conta9+ ! coal are t[$ alongside1 on bo? sides ( ! vessel1 & ! "w ( coal+ comm5ces imm$iately aft] h] arrival 9 port4 ,x is hoi/$ up by iron buckets1 coal+ on bo? sides go+ on at ! same "t4 ,x requires ab\t f\r & a half days to coal "o ( ! big greyh\nds4 ,!re are eight coal b>ges employ$ 9 ! "w2 ea* ( ^! b>ges conta9s f #bej to #cjj tons ( coal4 ,"s ( ! l9es get _! coal f ,baltimore1 & o!rs f ,norfolk4 ,! coal+1 z n[ conduct$1 is a t$i\s z well z a dirty process1 & x is difficult to und]/& :y l9es h n adopt$ ! elevator me?od :i* 0 tri$ on "s ( ! naval & coa/wise vessels "s two ye>s ago1 & prov$ a success1 bo? z to economy1 rapidity1 & cleanl9ess4 ,! exp]im5t %[$ t #ejj tons ( coal c\ld be /[$ away 9 ! bunk]s by *utes 9 "o h\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,cattle ,/eam%ip at ,sea4 ,! load+ ( cattle-%ips is int]e/+4 ,! vessels are ti$ up to ! docks 9 ,j]sey ,city & ,weehawk51 :]e ! /ock-y>ds are locat$1 & ! cattle are driv5 up a n>r[ gang-plank4 ,:5 /eam%ips take gra9 or o!r c>go 9 ! hold & cattle on deck1 ! latt] are usually load$ f b>ges at ! :>f1 or :ile ! vessel is at an*or 9 ! bay4 ,occasionally a fracti\s /e] breaks away f ! driv]s1 &1 plung+ ov] ! side ( ! gang-plank1 takes a ba? 9 ! wat]4 ,a sailor jumps 9 & passes a rope ar\nd ! animal1 :i* is !n hoi/$ on bo>d by means ( a block & tackle4 ,! cattle are plac$ 9 /rongly con/ruct$ p5s betwe5 decks1 z well z on ! upp] deck4 ,! space = ea* head ( cattle is fix$ by law at #b feet #f in*es by #h feet4 ,! p5s hold half a doz5 cattle ea*4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t !re 0 great] loss :5 m room ?an ?is 0 all[$ = ! cattle4 ,a /e] ) pl5ty ( room 9 8 p5 w\ld roll f side to side & become bruis$ or crippl$ :5 a heavy sea 0 enc\nt]$4 ,by pack+ ! cattle tightly1 !y s]ve z buff]s = ea* o!r1 & ! loss is dim9i%$4 ,)9 ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s ! me?ods ( %ipp+ cattle h be5 improv$1 s t ! loss is n[ less ?an two p] c5t4 ,! co/ ( %ipp+ cattle f ,new ,york to ,liv]pool is ab\t half a c5t p] p\nd1 live weight4 ,?is includes ! c>e & ! fe$ dur+ ! voyage4 ,f t5 to a doz5 m5 are employ$ to look aft] ! cattle on ! trip4 ,v l[ wages are paid ^! m51 z !re are always a numb] ( applications on h& f impecuni\s m5 :o are desir\s ( work+ _! passage to ,europe by tak+ c>e ( ! cattle4 ,a few m5 are regul>ly engag$ 9 ! bus9ess ( tak+ c>e ( cattle at sea4 ,!y are kn[n z 8c[boys ( ! sea10 & are big burly fell[s :o are us$ to r\gh liv+ & to fac+ dang]4 ,! "w ( fe$+ & wat]+ ! cattle is n an easy task 9 fair wea!r1 & ) a r\gh sea on x is dang]\s4 ,:5 sev]e /orms are met1 ! cattle become panic-/rick51 & ! m5 are oblig$ to g among !m & quiet !m4 ,sometimes ! p5s are brok5 d[n 9 a gale1 & !re is p&emonium abo>d4 ,cattle-%ips h arriv$ 9 port ) only a small portion ( ! numb] ( cattle tak5 on bo>d1 b z ! losses fall ^u ! %ipp]s & ! reputation ( ! /eam%ip l9e is to "s ext5t at /ake1 !y are1 !re=e1 m int]e/$ 9 ! safety ( cattle at sea ?an anyone else4 ,! ef=ts ( ,samuel ,plimsoll1 ,m4,p41 & ! cattle inspectors ( ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h mat]ially improv$ ! me?ods ( ?is traffic4 ,ocean freights are l[] ?an ^? by rail4 ,!y fluctuate f day to day1 & are affect$ by ! supply1 & by ! available tonnage 9 port4 ,gra9 0 c>ri$ f ,new ,york to ,liv]pool 9 #ahij = ?ree %ill+s a qu>t]2 ! increas$ %ipm5ts 9 #ahia advanc$ ! price to f f\r %ill+s to f\r %ill+s & n9ep5ce a qu>t]1 an advance ( fifty p] c5t4 ,! increas$ rate on gra9 affects all o!r rates1 z ! /eam%ips v>y _! c>go accord+ to ! dem&s ( ! trade4 ,j previ\s to ! "t ! ,mc,kinley ,bill w5t into effect1 space on ! fa/ /eam%ips comm&$ sev5 times ! usual rate1 & hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s dep5d$ ^u ! arrival ( big consignm5ts ( dutiable goods )9 ! "t limit4 ,! dem& = space on ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd l9e 0 s great t on "o ( ! %ips due to arrive 9 ,new ,york j be=e ! new law w5t into effect1 :5 %ipp]s c\ld n obta9 room 9 ! hold1 sev]al /ate-rooms 7 hir$1 & fill$ full ( cutl]y & o!r goods on :i* !re 0 a consid]able advance ( duty4 ,x w be rememb]$ t 9 "s in/ances tugs 7 s5t out beyond ,s&y ,hook to meet /eam%ips & sail+ vessels :i* _h be5 delay$1 & ha/5 _! arrival4 ,! ,etruria rea*$ ,qu>ant9e at #aa ,p4,m4 on ,octob] #d1 #ahij4 ,capta9 ,ha9es 0 tak5 (f on a tug1 :i* pl\gh$ h] way up ! ,bay4 ,at ! ,batt]y a team ( fa/ horses 0 wait+1 & ! capta9 ru%$ brea?less into ! ,cu/om ,h\se1 ) b>ely "o m9ute to sp>e1 be=e midnight1 :5 ! new law w5t into effect4 ,?\s&s ( doll>s 7 sav$ by ! timely arrival ( ! ,etruria4 ,! ,za&am1 :i* _h be5 *>t]$ to br+ ov] a l>ge c>go ( ,sumatra tobacco1 on :i* ! duty 0 advanc$ #a4be p] p\nd1 arriv$ a few h\rs late1 al?\gh %e sail$ ?ree days ahead ( ! ,w]k5dam1 ( ! same l9e1 ) a simil> c>go1 :i* arriv$ 9 "t to save ! increas$ duty4 ,e nation is int]e/$ 9 ! ext5sion ( its ocean freight-c>ry+ bus9ess4 ,! welf>e ( ! f>m]1 ! artisan1 & ! m]*ant is int]wov5 ) t ( m5 :o live on ! sea4 ,comm]ce & ! indu/ries g h& 9 h&1 & ! magnific5t %[+ t ! =m] makes is only an indication ( ! prosp]ity ( ! latt]4 ,no m apt illu/ration ( ! gr[? ( ! ,am]ican nation 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury c be po9t$ out ?an ! developm5t ( h] ocean traffic4 ,footnotes3 #ah ,!re are sev]al o!r l9es1 l ! ,liv]pool1 ,brazil ,riv] ,plate1 & ,john ,norton's ,son1 :i* usually s5d out f f\r /eam%ips a ye> to "o a mon?1 b :i* are do+ v little j n[1 ow+ to ! disorganiz$ condition ( trade 9 ! ,riv] ,plate region4 ,reciprocity ) ,brazil is c\nt$ ^u to increase _! trade4 ,!re is "o l9e ( /eam%ips f ,new ,york direct to ,indian1 ,*9ese1 & ,japanese ports by way ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea & ! ,suez ,canal4 ,x is op]at$ by ,edw>d ,p]ry ,co41 & case oil =ms ! bulk ( ! trade4 ,ab\t "o vessel a mon? is s5t out1 & ?is vessel has a tonnage ( ab\t #c1jjj gross4 ,c>t]1 ,hawley ,co41 & ,c>t]1 ,macy ,co41 _h dur+ ! ye> #ahia ab\t #be /eam%ips consign$ to !m f ,*9a & ,japan1 ! tonnage ( :i* 0 ab\t #fj1jjj gross4 ,inw>d ^! vessels are tea-lad51 b on ! return trip !y are usually *>t]$ by o!r firms = g5]al c>go4 #ai ,c]ta9 k9ds ( freight admit ( peculi> pack+1 ( :i* an in/ance occurs to me 9 ! load+ ( ,am]ican *eeses4 ,! side-ports ( ! %ip are op5$1 & a s]ies ( incl9$ *utes are arrang$ s t ! *eeses roll by _! own weight f ! truck on ! pi] ?r\gh ! op5 port1 & are swit*$ (f on side *utes1 :i* c>ry !m to _! f9al re/+ place1 :]e m5 /[ !m 9 solid lay]s4 ,"s vessels1 n provid$ ) side-ports1 hoi/ ! packages on deck 9 nets & l[] !m d[n ! hat*ways4 ,"s ( ^! products ( ! ,am]ican dairy return to u z ,engli% manufacture--! 8,*e%ire0 & 8,d\ble ,gl\ce/]40 ,,/eam%ip ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,,by ,,lieut5ant ,,ridgely ,,hunt1 ,u4 ,s4 ,,navy4 ,,important ,,"p ,,tak5 ,,by ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 ,,e/abli%+ ,,ocean ,,r\tes--,,rivalry ,,9 ,,sail+ ,,vessels ,,) ,,engl&--,,effect ,,( ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,gold ,,9 ,,cali=nia--,,! ,,cape ,,horn ,,r\te--,,au/ralian ,,packet ,,l9es--,,! ,,problem ,,( ,a ,,%ort ,,r\te ,,to ,,india--,,f\r ,,ma9 ,,r\tes ,,( ,,/eam%ip ,,traffic--,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,! ,,regul> ,,s]vice ,,betwe5 ,,europe ,,& ,,! ,,ea/--,,port ,,said ,,& ,,! ,,suez ,,canal--,,sc5es ,,at ,,ad5 ,,& ,,at ,,bombay--,,! ,,run ,,to ,,colombo1 ,,ceylon--,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,by-,,ways ,,( ,,travel ,,f ,,s+apore--,,! ,,pacific ,,mail--,,f ,,yokohama ,,to ,,san ,,francisco--,,two ,,r\tes ,,f ,,panama ,,to ,,new ,,york--,,s\? ,,am]ican ,,ports--,,magnific5t ,,sc5]y ,,( ,,! ,,magellan ,,/raits--,,beauties ,,( ,,! ,,port ,,( ,,rio--,,! ,,great ,,ocean ,,r\te ,,f ,,london ,,to ,,au/ralia4 ,writ]s ( m>itime hi/ory give to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! cr$it ( e/abli%+ long l9es ( communication by sea ) f>-di/ant c\ntries4 ,z e>ly z #aghi ! m]*ants ( ,bo/on despat*$ _! %ips direct to ,*9a & ! ,ea/ ,indies1 "s "t be=e ,engl& ent]$ on ?is trade2 = ! ,am]ican vessels n only br\ght _! c>goes to ! home m>kets1 b also trans-%ipp$ spices1 silks1 teas1 sug>1 c(fee1 & cotton to ,europe4 ,9 ^? times a skipp] felt satisfi$ if he made ! outw>d voyage ( #ae1jjj miles1 by way ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 9 #aej days1 & came back via ,cape ,horn1 "s #ag1jjj miles1 9 ! same "t4 ,! developm5t ( ! res\rces ( ! ,ea/ by ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 & ! ri*ness ( ! freights c>ri$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates vessels--! proce$s ( a s+le voyage (t5 defray+ ! fir/ co/ ( ! %ip--induc$ ,engl& to ent] into competition2 ?us />t+ t rivalry betwe5 ! sail+ fleets ( ! two nations t 0 long ! admiration ( ! _w4 ,9 #ahde ! ,am]ican clipp]s1 long1 l[1 ( good beam1 v f9e l9es1 & ) y>ds s squ>e & sp>s s l(ty z to set a great] spread ( canvas 9 proportion to _! tonnage ?an any %ip hi!rto sail$1 ent]$ ! race & left all rivals f> a/]n4 ,!n foll[$ ! days ( :i* ! old 8sad sea-dogs0 /ill love to tell1 :5 e /it* ( sail 0 c>ri$ until ! fi]ce w9d blew x f ! bolt-ropes2 :5 = weeks ! lee scupp]s lay buri$ 9 ! see?+ wat]s & ! fly+ jibboom plung$ deep into ! :ite-capp$ waves2 :5 ! good %ip ,sov]eign ( ! ,seas came into port #ij days f ,hong-,kong1 & ! t[n ga!r$ on ! :>f to welcome ! d>+ navigators2 :ile ! c>go ( teas & c(fees 0 sold at fabul\s prices4 ,& ^! old salts /ill discuss ! d9n] giv5 to ! bold capta9 t night1 :5 ! log ( ! voyage w\ld be read & m5 w\ld sit amaz$ at he>+ t 9 #bb days ! %ip _h sail$ ov] #e1cia miles1 t = f\r days h] daily run _h be5 #cda4h miles1 & t 9 "o day %e _h done #cge miles1 at ! rate ( #ae4f knots4 ,! discov]y ( gold 9 ,cali=nia />t$ a l9e ( travel #ad1jjj miles long f ,europe & ! ,ea/]n seabo>d ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates via ,cape ,horn to ! we/]n coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,%ips on ?is l9e took out m]*&ise ( e description to be us$ 9 build+ & ma9ta9+ ! city ( ,san ,francisco1 & aft] l&+ ?is freight1 = :i* !y receiv$ #be a ton1 !y sail$ = ,*9a1 :5ce1 aft] load+ ) teas & sug>s at #be & #cj a ton = freight1 !y return$ direct to ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ,engl&4 ,9 ! meantime ,au/ralia _h be5 op5$ up1 & ! ,au/ralian packet l9es1 leav+ ,london = ,melb\rne #ab1jjj miles away1 7 mak+ #ajj-;days voyages by way ( ! ,cape1 8) a *ance ( be+ dr[n$40 ,?is l9e c>ri$ _m pass5g]s1 b x 0 n until #ahej t ?is traffic began to assume su* importance t vessels 7 run on regul> s*$ules = its accommodation4 ,dur+ ! "t ( ! ,crimean w> ?is trade 0 enorm\s1 & ! ,liv]pool packet l9es betwe5 ,engl& & ,new ,york reap$ a ri* remun]ation 9 spite ( s]i\s accid5ts4 ,x is report$ t 9 ! ye> #ahed no less ?an n9e emigrant %ips f\nd]$ at sea4 ,! day ( ! sail+ %ip on %ort r\tes 0 n[ clos+1 = ! /eam%ip ent]+ into competition1 gradually absorb$ ! lucrative pass5g] traffic & mu* ( ! m valuable freight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 look+ ov] ! hi/ory ( ! l9es ( ! _w1 none is f\nd to h ex]t$ m influ5ce ^u subsequ5t progress ?an ! old r\te betwe5 ,india & ,engl&4 ,?is r\te at fir/ d\bl$ ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope--a di/ance ( #ad1jjj miles1 s long & unc]ta9 t ! ,ea/ ,india ,company frequ5tly s5t _! despat*es by way ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf & !n ov]l& betwe5 ,bagdad & ,con/ant9ople4 ,! successful cross+ ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean by ! /eam%ip ,savannah sugge/$ ! possibility ( a l means ( communication ) ,india4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,engli% side-:eel /eam%ip ,ent]prise1 ( #dgj tons1 #abb feet long1 b>k-rigg$1 left ,falm\? 9 ! ye> #ahbe & rea*$ ,calcutta1 aft] a voyage ( #ac1gjj miles1 9 #aac days1 ( :i* #fd 7 /eam+ days4 ,?is result1 ?\gh unsatisfactory1 /imulat$ ef=ts look+ t[>d remun]ative /eam navigation 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! fir/ /eam%ip arriv$ at ,macao1 ,*9a1 9 #ahcj4 ,z an inducem5t to p to *oose ?is novel mode ( travell+1 a ,canton pap] conta9$ ! foll[+ notice ( a /eam]3 8,%e c>ries a crew1 a surgeon1 a b& ( music1 & has rooms elegantly fitt$ up = c>ds & opium smok+40 ,! problem ( a %ort r\te to ,europe f ,india 0 practically solv$ 9 #ahcj1 by s5d+ a /eam] f ,bombay to ,suez1 a di/ance ( #c1jjj miles1 9 #be days4 ,9 a few ye>s a regul> l9e 0 e/abli%$ betwe5 ! two places1 connect+ ) /eam]s at ,alex&ria by means ( a camel s]vice across ! des]t4 ,! camel po/ 0 succe$$ by f\r-horse vans1 & lat] ^! 7 foll[$ by ! ,suez ,canal & ! railway4 ,) ! progress ( "t sail+-%ips h giv5 way to /eam%ips1 & ! r\tes ( communication :i* !y1 aft] ye>s ( navigation1 did s mu* to e/abli%1 h become ! highways ( an enorm\s trade1 along :i* l>ge & swift /eam%ips are con/antly go+ to & fro ) ! c]ta9ty & regul>ity ( railway tra9s4 ,a /eam] to-day leaves h] :>f at ! mom5t ( "t set =? 9 h] s*$ule1 & arrives at ! t]m9us ( h] voyage--x may be _m ?\s& miles away--) almo/ equal promptitude4 ,l railway traffic1 /eam] traffic foll[s c]ta9 ma9 r\tes or gr& trunk l9es1 hav+ num]\s fe$]s or subsidi>y l9es4 ,! great ocean ?or\ghf>es ( ! _w are3 #a4 ,! r\te across ! ,atlantic1 ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 ,suez ,canal1 & ,r$ ,sea1 to ,india1 ,*9a1 ,au/ralia1 & ea/]n ,africa4 #b4 ,! r\te by ! ,pacific ,ocean to ,japan1 ,*9a1 & ,au/ralia4 #c4 ,! r\te by ! ,atlantic ,ocean d[n ! ea/ coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ar\nd ,cape ,horn1 to we/]n ,am]ica & ,au/ralasia2 & #d4 ,! r\te d[n ! ,atlantic & ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa1 ar\nd ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 to ,ea/ ,africa1 ,au/ralasia1 & ! ,ea/4 ,! numb] ( /eam]s trav]s+ ^! gr& r\tes1 & ^? tribut>y to !m1 is e/imat$ to be m ?an #aa1jjj4 ,9 ord] to emphasize ! importance ( ocean navigation1 ! app5d$ table#bj ( ! numb] ( /eam vessels1 _! money value1 & ! value ( ! m]*&ise !y c>ry1 is giv5 = ! five greate/ nations ( ! globe3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,numb] ,gross ,value ( ,value ( ( ,/eam ,tons4 ,vessels4 ,trade c>ri$ ,vessels4 9 ,vessels4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,great ,brita9 #f1djc #h1bce1hed #eej1jjj1jjj #c1dgf1ejj1jjj ,g]many #gda #ibh1iaa #fc1ejj1jjj #a1fbd1jjj1jjj ,france #ebf #hji1eih #dh1ejj1jjj #a1dga1jjj1jjj ,unit$ ,/ates #daf #eag1cid #db1jjj1jjj #a1dfb1ejj1jjj ,italy #bab #cjj1fbe #bb1jjj1jjj #dae1jjj1jjj ,russia #bcf #ajf1aee #ab1ejj1jjj #fj1jjj1jjj ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,%[+ ,,! ,pr9cipal ,/eam%ip ,r\tes4 ,ow+ to ! v>i\s l9es ( communication :i* h be5 op5$ up1 ! travell] is n[ (f]$ ! *oice ( a numb] ( r\tes1 ea* vy+ ) ! o!r 9 attractiv5ess & int]e/4 ,= in/ance1 ! :ole j\rney f ,london to ,con/ant9ople c be p]=m$ ) no m ?an #ag h\rs ( sea-passage2 or1 if a m leisurely way be pref]r$1 ! :ole j\rney c be made by wat]4 ,!re=e ! fir/ ?+ to be done is to det]m9e ! r\te to be foll[$1 & ! "t to be giv5 ! trip4 ,!n ! dates ( sail+ %\ld be settl$4 ,^! prelim9>ies conclud$1 !re comes ! "q ( ! selection ( /eam]s4 ,if ,engl& is to be visit$1 passage mu/ be book$ on "s l9e b\nd to t c\ntry4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! objective po9t be on ! ,cont95t1 a room %\ld be engag$ on "s l9e b\nd = ,g]many1 ,france1 ,spa91 or ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! numb] ( /eam]s engag$ 9 ! regul> pass5g] s]vice betwe5 ! ,ea/]n seabo>d ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,old ,_w is probably great] ?an mo/ travell]s imag9e4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are upw>d ( ?irty-five di/9ct l9es1 ea* ) a l>g] or small] fleet ( /eam]s regul>ly engag$ 9 ,atlantic transport4 ,six ( ^!1 ! ,cun>d1 ! ,:ite ,/>1 ! ,an*or1 ! ,guion1 ! ,national1 & ! ,inman1 sail betwe5 ,new ,york & ,liv]pool4 ,f\r o!rs1 ! ,norddeuts*] ,lloyd1 ! ,hamburg-,am]ican ,packet ,company1 ! ,union l9e1 & ! ,baltic l9e1 trade betwe5 ,new ,york & ,g]man ports4 ,! ,national l9e1 ! ,hill l9e1 & ! ,wilson l9e g to ,london2 two o!rs1 ! ,allan-,/ate & ! ,an*or1 to ,glasg[4 ,two ,fr5* l9es1 ! ,g5]al ,transatlantic & ! ,fr5* ,comm]cial ,/eam%ip ,company sail = ,havre & ,m>seilles4 ,two l9es communicate ) ,dut* ports1 ! ,ne!rl&s-,am]ican ,/eam ,navigation ,company1 & ! ,royal ,ne!rl&s ,/eam%ip ,company2 two m1 ! ,r$ ,/> & ! ,:ite ,cross l9es1 leave = ,antw]p2 "o l9e1 ! ,?+valla1 /eams to ,cop5hag51 & ! ,g5]al ,italian ,navigation ,company1 & ! ,an*or l9e1 make ,italian ports4 ,! regul> s]vice by /eam betwe5 ,europe & ! ri* & v>i$ ,ea/1 by way ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,suez ,canal1 & ,india1 is c>ri$ on by sev]al diff]5t companies1 ! be/ kn[n ( :i* are ! ,p59sul> ,ori5tal ,company ( ,engl&1 ! ,messag]ies ,m>itimes ( ,france1 ! ,norddeuts*] ,lloyd ( ,g]many1 & ! ,au/rian ,lloyd ( ,au/ria4 ,ea* ( ^! mail l9es (f]s to travell]s all t c be desir$ 9 ! way ( food1 qu>t]s1 com=ts1 & facilities = see+ /range l&s & peoples2 s ! selection ( any p>ticul> "o mu/ be decid$ by p]sonal consid]ations4 ,! ,p4 ,o4 7z ! ,p59sul> ,ori5tal ,/eam ,navigation ,company is commonly call$7 is "o ( ! mo/ ext5sive /eam%ip organizations 9 ! _w1 ! ye>ly di/ance run on all its l9es1 ma9 & subsidi>y1 exce$+ #b1ejj1jjj miles4 ,9 #ahdj ! company began ! c>ry+ ( ,engli% mails 9 /eam]s betwe5 ,alex&ria & ,london1 receiv+ = ?is s]vice a subsidy ( #afj1jjj a ye>4 ,to-day ! fleet numb]s #ej vessels1 :i* t\* at ports ( importance 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,egypt1 ! ,indian ,ocean1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ,au/ralia1 & ! subsidy receiv$ = ! transportation ( mails to & f all ^! p>ts is #a1gej1jjj p] annum4 ,if ! travell] wi%es to g by ?is l9e1 he may comm5ce 8 j\rney f ei!r ,london or ,plym\?1 cross ! ,bay ( ,biscay1 :]e ! *ances ( gett+ an ugly sea & p]haps a gale ( w9d are ab\t ev51 & ent]+ ! ,m$it]ranean1 make ,gibralt> 8 fir/ port1 #e days & #a1cjj miles di/ant f ,london4 ,a /ay ( #d h\rs w all[ a %ort run on %ore4 ,a drive ar\nd ! sup]b ,rock is wor? ! tak+1 also a visit to ! batt]y1 :]e ! #af-;in* #ajj-ton guns keep wat* ov] ! ?re%old ( ! blue sea4 ,loquaci\s guides tell ( an "u-!-sea tunnel betwe5 ! =tress & ,apes ,hill1 ,africa1 ?r\gh :i* monkeys h pass$1 & t once ^u a "t five v5turesome sailors />t$ d[n ?is subway2 ?ree ( !m soon turn$ back1 ^? rema9+--b 8t is ano!r /ory40 ,illu/ration3 ,deck ,quoits on a ,p4 & ,o4 ,l9]4 ,f ,gibralt> ! ,p4 ,o4 /eam]s /e] = ,malta1 #ihj miles away1 g5]ally ?r\gh a smoo? sea1 ?\gh 9 w9t] nor?we/]s bl[ at times ) great viol5ce (f ! ,sicilian coa/1 rais+ a heavy sea 9 ! *annel4 ,9 summ] ! w9ds are f ! s\?w>d1 hot1 humid1 & pro/rat+1 b !y are n ( frequ5t occurr5ce nor ( long duration4 ,on ! f\r? day ! travell] is l&$ 9 ,valetta1 ) #h or #aj h\rs at 8 disposal4 ,he %\ld see ! int]ior ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,john1 :]e ! floor is made ( mosaic tablets 9 memory ( ! old knights1 ea* tablet be>+ a coat ( arms =m$ by ! mo/ skilful inlay+ ( m>ble tiles4 ,f ,malta to ,port ,said is #ice miles1 made 9 #d days4 ,9 w9t] !re may be a nor!r4 ,! travell] has n[1 aft] hav+ gone #c1bjj miles 9 #ac days1 rea*$ ! port to :i* all %ips b\nd s\?w>d make _! way4 ,"h w be f\nd ,p4 ,o4 /eam]s t h come f ,br9disi ) ! ,indian mails1 hav+ /opp$ at ,alex&ria to %ip !m by rail to ,suez4 ,?is r\te1 kn[n z ! ,indian ,mail1 is ! quicke/ ( all betwe5 ,europe & ,india4 ,! tra9 s]vice runs f ,london to ,br9disi 9 less ?an #ej h\rs4 ,f ,br9disi1 :]e ! /eam] is wait+1 & :]e ! mails & pass5g]s are hurri$ abo>d1 ! run is made to ,alex&ria1 #hbe miles away1 9 #c-a_/b days4 ,at ,alex&ria mails & ?r\gh pass5g]s are transport$ by rail to ,suez 9 #af h\rs1 & f ,suez a /eam] leaves = ,bombay via ,ad51 arriv+ #ab days lat]2 ! :ole j\rney f ,london to ,bombay1 #d1jbj miles1 hav+ tak5 #ah days4 ,a second great ,engli% l9e t makes = ,port ,said is ! ,briti% ,india ,/eam ,navigation ,company1 incorporat$ 9 #ahef to op5 up ! coa/+ trade ( ,india4 ,?is organization1 ^u ! op5+ ( ! ,suez ,canal1 despat*$ ! fir/ /eam] ?r\gh to ,london t c>ri$ an ,indian c>go4 ,%ortly aft]w>d regul> r\tes 7 inaugurat$ betwe5 ,london1 ,ad51 & ! ,p]sian ,gulf2 & betwe5 ,ad5 & ! ,african coa/ to ,zanzib>4 ,also a trunk r\te 0 e/abli%$ = ! v>i\s coa/+ l9es ( ,india1 ext5d+ f ,london to ,calcutta4 ,a fur!r ext5sion 0 begun ab\t t5 ye>s ago1 :5 ,batavia1 ,?ursday ,isl&1 ,brisbane1 & ,sydney 9 ,au/ralia 7 add$ to its it9]>y4 ,! ,briti% ,india ,/eam ,navigation ,company employs on its ma9 & auxili>y r\tes a fleet ( ov] #ajj vessels1 l>ge & small1 t trav]se ab\t #c1jjj1jjj miles a ye>4 ,if ! travell] has rea*$ ,port ,said f ,m>seilles1 he has d\btless come 9 ! ,messag]ies ,m>itimes /eam]4 ,?is great ,fr5* und]tak+ began its fir/ ov]-sea contract 9 #ahea1 c>ry+ mails z f> z ,egypt4 ,! next ext5sion ( op]ations 0 a l9e to ,brazil & ! ,rio de la ,plata4 ,f9ally a mail contract e/abli%$ ! r\te to ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,au/ralia4 ,to-day ! ,messag]ies fleet comprises #fe sup]b vessels t h co/ ab\t #bg1jjj1jjj2 & ! aggregate di/ance !y /eam am\nts to #b1ebj1jjj miles e ye>4 ,! %ips b\nd = ,*9a leave ,m>seilles & ,naples1 & make ! ports ( ,ad51 ,colombo1 ,s+apore1 ,saigon1 ,hong-,kong1 & ,%anghai4 ,a second ma9 l9e /ret*es f ,ad5 d[n to ! ,sey*elles ,isl&s1 ,mauritius1 ,melb\rne1 ,sydney1 & ,new ,cal$onia4 ,! ,messag]ies ,company also op]ates l9es to ! ,we/ ,indies & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,to ,port ,said comes also ! ,norddeuts*] ,lloyd ,imp]ial ,/eam%ip ,company1 bett] kn[n z ! ,g]man ,mail4 ,! ,ea/ ,asian mail l9e ( ?is company 0 e/abli%$ only 9 #ahhf1 & is rapidly gr[+ 9 importance & favor4 ,! /eam]s leave ,brem51 call at ,antw]p1 ,s\?ampton1 & ,g5oa1 !nce ?r\gh ! canal to ,ad51 ,colombo1 ,s+apore1 & ,hong-,kong1 to ,%anghai4 ,! mail r\te to ,au/ralasia rea*es ! ports ( ,adelaide1 ,melb\rne1 & ,sydney1 :5ce a bran* l9e leads to ! ,samoan ,isl&s & ,tongatabu4 ,! ,g]man ,lloyd also op]ate a l9e f ,trie/e via ,br9disi to ,alex&ria4 ,= c>ry+ ! mails on ! above ?ree l9es1 9 accordance ) gov]nm5t /ipulations1 ! ,g]man ,lloyd receives a subsidy ( #a1jdg1fai p] annum4 ,"s ( ! o!r long l9es op]at$ by ?is effici5t organization1 :i* owns m ?an #ge ocean /eam]s1 are ^? betwe5 ,brem5 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 betwe5 ,brem5 & ,brazil1 & betwe5 ,brem5 & ,montevideo & ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,table ( ,di/ances1 ,days1 & ,approximate ,prices f ,london ,ea/w>d by ,sea to ,san ,francisco4 ,f ,new ,york to ,london is #c1jjj miles1 #g-h days1 & #ajj4 ,f ,san ,francisco to ,new ,york by rail is #c1jjj miles1 #f days1 & #bjj4 ------------------ ,london4 ---------------- ,miles4,days4,price ------------------------------- #a1bii #e #de ,gibralt>4 ------------- ,miles4,d4,price ---------------------------- #b1bhj #i #ge #iha #d #cj ,malta4 ------------- ,miles4,d4,price ---------------------------- #c1bae #ac #ajj #a1iaf #h #fj #ice #d #ce ,port ,said4 --------------- --------------- #d1faj #bj #abe #c1caaae #abe #b1ccjaa #abj ,ad54 --------------- --------------- #f1bgd #bg #bej #d1igebb #bdj #c1iidah #bbj ,bombay4 --------------- --------------- #f1gjc #ca #bej #e1djdbf #bej #d1dbcbb #bdj ,colombo4 --------------- --------------- #h1cfb #ch #bij #g1jfccc #bgj #f1jhbbi #bej ,s+apore4 --------------- --------------- #i1gii #de #cdj #h1ejjdj #cdj #g1eaicf #cdj ,hong-,kong4 --------------- --------------- #aa1fja #ec #cij #aj1cjbdh #cij #i1cbadd #cij ,yokohama4 --------------- --------------- #af1fjj #ga #eij #ae1ghjff #eij #ad1hjjfb #ehj ,san ,francisco4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ------------------ ,port ,said4 ---------------- ,miles4,days4,price ------------------------------- #a1cie #g #abj ,ad54 ------------- ,miles4,d4,price ---------------------------- #c1jei #ad #bjj #a1ffd #g #ij ,bombay4 ------------- ,miles4,d4,price ---------------------------- #c1dhh #ah #bcj #b1jicaa #ajj #hge #d #dj ,colombo4 --------------- --------------- #e1adg #be #cjj #c1gebah #bbj #b1ecdaa #acj ,s+apore4 --------------- --------------- #f1ehd #cb #cdj #e1ahibe #bej #c1igaah #aij ,hong-,kong4 --------------- --------------- #h1chf #dj #cgj #f1iiacc #cjj #e1ggcbf #bdj ,yokohama4 --------------- --------------- #ac1hfj #eh #eej #ab1dfjea #dej #aj1ggedd #cfj ,san ,francisco4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ------------------ ,colombo4 ---------------- ,miles4,days4,price ------------------------------- #a1fei #g #ij ,s+apore4 ------------- ,miles4,d4,price ---------------------------- #c1jif #ad #aej #a1dcg #g #fj ,hong-,kong4 ------------- ,miles4,d4,price ---------------------------- #d1hih #bb #bjj #c1bciae #ajj #a1hjb #h #gj ,yokohama4 --------------- --------------- #i1ijj #dj #cce #h1bdjcc #bej #f1hjjbf #bjj ,san ,francisco4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ------------------ ,yokohama4 ---------------- ,miles4,days4,price ------------------------------- #e1jjj #ah #bjj ,san ,francisco4 ------------------------------- ,! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,lloyd's ,/eam ,navigation ,company1 ! f\r? great ma9 l9e pass+ ?r\gh ! ,suez ,canal1 0 organiz$ ab\t ! ye> #ahdj1 ) #g /eam]s = ,m$it]ranean trade4 ,9 "t1 ! company prolong$ its l9es1 until1 "u a lib]al gov]nm5t b\nty1 r\tes 7 e/abli%$ betwe5 ,trie/e & ,hong-,kong1 & betwe5 ,trie/e & ,brazil4 ,= ! prop] p]=mance ( all ^! s]vices ! ,au/rian ,lloyds are paid an annuity by ! ,gov]nm5t am\nt+ to #hjj1jjj4 ,! fleet1 all told1 numb]s #ge %ips1 valu$ at ab\t #aj1jjj1jjj1 & /eams ov] #a1cjj1jjj miles e ye>4 ,( ! diff]5t /eam%ip corporations t despat* _! vessels by way ( ! ,suez ,canal to ,au/ralia1 ! ,ori5t ,/eam ,navigation ,company ( ,london des]ves special m5tion4 ,9 #ahgh x f\nd$ a fir/-class l9e to ,au/ralia1 :i* to-day is a =midable rival ( ! ,p59sul> ,ori5tal ,company1 receiv+ a l subsidy ( #dbe1jjj = transport+ ! mails betwe5 ,naples & ,adelaide 9 #cb days1 a di/ance ( #i1jjj miles4 ,!re are _m o!r companies s5d+ vessels1 via ! ,canal1 to ,india1 to ,*9a1 & to ,au/ralasia2 on ne>ly all ( !m ! travell] c f9d com=t & good *e]1 %\ld he desire to be long] at sea & long] 9 port4 ,! names ( a few ( ! mo/ important ( ^! companies are z foll[s3 ,"u ! ,engli% flag3 ! ,ducal1 ! ,hall1 ! ,h>rison1 ! ,clan1 ! ,/>1 ! ,city1 ! ,direct1 ! ,mac,iver1 & ! ,an*or l9es2 ! ,national ,navigation ,company ( ,france2 ! ,navigatione ,g5]ale ,italiana 7,italian mail7 ( ,g5oa2 ! ,compaia ,trasatlantica1 f ,b>celona1 ,spa92 ! ,n$]l& ,india l9e f ,am/]dam2 a ,russian l9e2 & a ,turki% l9e4 ,"s ( ^! /eam]s make ! ea/ coa/ ( ,africa = c>goes2 "s g to ,au/ralia2 "s to ! ,spice ,isl&s1 ,java & ! ,philipp9es2 "s g no f>!r ?an ,india2 &1 f9ally1 "s rea* ,japan1 ,corea1 & ,vladivo/ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,entrance to ! ,suez ,canal at ,port ,said4 ,port ,said1 ! product ( ! canal1 is built on ! flat s&s at ! entrance ( ! ,suez ,canal4 ,its h>bor1 =m$ by two long breakwat]s1 conta9s "o ( ! l>ge/ coal+ depots 9 ! _w1 :]e vessels are suppli$ at ! rate ( #bjj tons an h\r4 ,! place is not$ = its wick$ness2 x ab\nds 9 ,fr5* cafs & dance-halls :]e w9e1 wom51 & music cont9ue ! night long4 ,! travell] %\ld pur*ase a :ite helmet at ,port ,said2 ^! hats are *eap1 & add consid]ably to p]sonal com=t4 ,! /eam traffic ( ! place is enorm\s2 la/ ye> #c1chi vessels trav]s$ ! canal4 ,! av]age "t ( transit by day is #bd h\rs2 by night ) electric lights x is #ai h\rs1 & has be5 done 9 #ae h\rs4 ,9 ord] to navigate by night1 a vessel mu/ light ! way by c>ry+ an electric projector at h] b[ z close to ! wat] z possible1 & pay ! close/ att5tion to ! ord]s f ! pass+ /ations or g>es4 ,?ree :ite lights %[n v]tically indicate 8sl[ d[n20 !n ! display ( two :ite lights is ! ord] to /op & haul 9 to ! g>e4 ,! /eam] pres5tly hauls 91 makes fa/1 puts out all lights1 & lies snug 9 h] b]? alongside ! des]t1 :ile ! oncom+ vessel1 look+ l a locomotive at night1 passes by4 ,"o :ite light f ! g>e & l9es are let g1 & ! j\rney cont9u$ until ,suez is rea*$4 ,suez is an un9t]e/+ collection ( %ipp+-h\ses & squalid native huts1 ) a few tumble-d[n mosques4 ,donkeys & donkey-boys sw>m along ! docks1 & if ! vessel /op an h\r or two ! novelty ( su* a ride may be enjoy$4 ,! heat ( ! day is int5se1 b ! nights1 especially 9 ! canal1 h a 8s(t1 w>m wit*]y0 ab\t !m t is delici\s4 ,aft] leav+ ,suez ! way lies ?r\gh ! ,gulf ( ! same "n1 into ! ,r$ ,sea1 :]e ! wat] is blue1 ! backgr\nd light br[n1 ! hazy atmosph]e p9k1 & ! temp]ature r$-hot4 ,vessels spread d\ble awn+s & hang up side curta9s1 b !re is no escap+ ! intol]able heat exp]i5c$ day & night go+ d[n ?is sea ) ! w9d aft4 ,f> away to ! left1 9 ! dim di/ance1 is ! fa/-rec$+ br[n peak ( ,m\nt ,s9ai2 o!r well-rememb]$ biblical places /ret* along ! indi/9ct coa/ l9e2 ! %ip spe$s s\?w>d2 ! con/ellations 9 ! blue heav5s ( night beg9 to *ange2 ! ,/raits ( ,bab-el-,m&eb are pass$2 & z ! f\r po9ts ( ! ,s\!rn ,cross arise bright & sp>kl+1 ! an*or is let g (f ,ad51 9 ,arabia4 ,ad51 on its rocky & b>e volcanic p59sula1 is ! ,gibralt> ( ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,x int]e/s ! travell] because ( ! big black ,somalis1 ! oily1 av>ici\s ,jews1 & ! ?91 unga9ly camels mov+ up & d[n ! /reets4 ,! t[n is too hot = enjoym5t2 x is bett] to /ay on bo>d %ip1 buy an imitation o/ri* fea!r f a *eat+ ,jew1 & ?r[ copp]s into ! wat] = little %ave-head$ nak$ negro boys to dive aft]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,port ( ,ad51 ,arabia4 ,dur+ a /ay ( a few h\rs vessels fill up ) coal & fre% provisions1 l& a small c>go ( naval /ores1 cotton1 & cotton-twi/1 & aft] tak+ on bo>d c(fee 7ne>ly all ,mo*a is %ipp$ "h71 dye-/uffs1 fea!rs1 dates1 etc41 dep>t = ,bombay1 = ,colombo1 = ,au/ralia1 & = ,africa4 ,! wea!r along ! highways ( ! ,indian ,ocean is g5]ally fair & w>m1 ) a smoo? sea1 ?\gh1 dur+ ! s\?we/ monsoon1 f ,may to ,septemb]1 !re is a p]ceptible swell1 & :5 ?is trade-w9d sets 91 9 ,may1 x is sure to br+ gales1 ra91 lightn+ & ?und]4 ,augu/ is ! be/ summ] mon? = cruis+ 9 ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,! nor!a/ monsoon1 ! w9t] trade-w9d1 is less viol5t ?an ! s\?we/1 & has cle> skies & a mild] temp]ature4 ,h[ev]1 9 go+ r\nd ! _w1 pass5g]s1 l %ips1 %\ld take _! *ances ) ! wea!r1 = hav+ x fair at ,bombay may br+ x f\l at ,calcutta4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,deck-ba? 9 ! ,tropics4 ,vessels make ,bombay1 #a1fgj miles ea/w>d ( ,ad51 9 #g days1 & g alongside ! docks :5 ! tide p]mits4 ,! travell] %\ld at once hurry a%ore to gaze ) wond] at ! inf9ite v>iety be=e him4 ,= "h are congregat$ ,indian pr9ces dress$ 9 fl[+ robes ( ri*e/ colors2 ,brahm9s & ,buddhi/s ) turbans ( s(te/ texture b\nd ab\t _! br[s2 ,p>sees 9 long1 :ite1 full-skirt$ coats & odd-%ap$-high hats2 ,turks 9 fezzes2 ,*9am5 9 silks2 ,p]sians 9 :ite tr\s]s1 loose alpaca coats1 & %ako a/rakhan hats2 effem9ate ,c+halese1 ,jews1 ,mohamm$ans1 & ,europeans f ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,russia4 ,along ! wat] front pass unceas+ly wom51 /raight z javel9s1 tall1 li!1 & graceful1 _! brea/s cov]$ by tight sleeveless tunics1 _! wai/s & hips w\nd 9 light fl[+ gauze4 ,silv] bangles adorn _! arms & legs1 & r+s gli/5 9 _! noses & e>s1 & on _! toes & f+]s4 ,b>e-legg$1 b>e-foot$1 _! black hair tuck$ loosely up ^u _! %apely heads1 on :i* are pois$ high brass wat]-jugs burni%$ l gold1 ^! graceful creatures walk ! /reets l ! que5s ( an ,ori5tal fable4 ,_m l9es ( vessels conv]ge at ,bombay3 ! ,p4 ,o41 ! ,briti% ,india1 & ?ree or f\r o!rs ( less importance2 two ,fr5* l9es1 a ,g]man l9e1 ! ,au/rian ,lloyd1 ! ,italian ,mail1 & a ,dut* l9e1 are "s ( ^? to be se5 dur+ a /ay ( a =tnight4 ,! ,briti% ,india (f]s ! l>ge/ numb] ( r\tes to ! sight-see+ travell]4 ,"o ( its l9es leads to ,kurra*ee1 ! nor!rn port ( ,india2 ano!r goes to ,calcutta1 /opp+ at way ports2 a ?ird ext5ds to ,zanzib> & ,mozambique1 & a f\r? rea*es places on ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,?is f\r? r\te ! t\ri/ %\ld c]ta9ly take if he has ! "t1 ?\gh x c>ry him into ! mo/ try+ climate imag9able4 ,be=e />t+ he %\ld get ,moore's 8,lalla ,rookh10 x c be b\ght at an excell5t ,engli% book/ore 9 ,bombay1 & read x on ! way1 z "s ( ! sc5es are laid 9 ^! wat]s4 ,! pass5g]s on ^! ,gulf /eam]s are ( z _m types z ^? se5 on ,*ange 9 ,bombay4 ,x is n unlikely t ( ! tw5ty or m :o sit d[n to d9n]1 no two w be ( ! same color1 co/ume1 nationality1 or religion4 ,ev5 ! crew ceases to be ,european2 ,*9am5 usually cook & wait1 & ,indians h&le c>go & "w ! %ip4 ,ab\t #fjj miles & #d days f1 ,kurra*ee1 ,ormuz is made1 dirty1 dilapidat$1 ) absolutely no rema9s ( its hi/oric weal?4 ,! fir/ place ( importance is ,bu%ire1 #cjj miles f>!r up4 ,x is ! pr9cipal seaport ( ,p]sia1 & does consid]able trade1 long c>avans ( camels transport+ m]*&ise to & f ! int]ior4 ,p]sian cats c be got "h2 a pair (f]$ = #be 0 sold f9ally = #e2 ) m "t !y c\ld h be5 b\ght = #b4 ,f ,bu%ire to ,bassorah1 on ! ,euphrates1 is #ahj miles4 ,a n>r[ canal-l /ream leads f ! riv] to ! native village :]e ,s9dbad ! ,sailor is said to h roam$4 ,connection c be made at ,bassorah ) a /eamboat go+ up ! riv] pa/ ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 a disappo9t+1 flat1 unc>$-= pla91 to ,bagdad2 & !nce1 by camel to po9ts 9 ! int]ior4 ,/eam]s 9 ! ,p]sian ,gulf trade take 9 dates1 gra91 & wool1 leav+ cotton fabrics1 rice1 opium1 etc4 ,on return+ to ,kurra*ee1 ! travell] w\ld d well to take ! railway to ,agra1 & ! ,taj1 ,b5>es1 & o!r places1 & s back aga9 to ,bombay & ! ocean highways4 ,h5ce=?1 ! "* ( ! pass5g]s on bo>d %ip *anges some:at2 _m ( ! ,europeans leave = ext5d$ t\rs by rail to ,calcutta & o!r ,indian cities1 _! places be+ tak5 by ,p>see m]*ants1 ri* ,indians1 & ent]pris+ ,*9am51 b\nd away on bus9ess4 ,! run to ,colombo1 ,ceylon1 #hge miles to ! s\?w>d1 is made ov] a w>m1 smoo? sea1 & on ! ev5+ ( ! fif? day ! h>bor is ent]$4 ,colombo is a /eam%ip c5tre :]e all ! vessels ( ! long trunk l9es r5dezv\s to coal1 provision1 ex*ange pass5g]s & frequ5tly freight4 ,!y come f ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! globe1 f ,calcutta & ,bombay 9 ! nor?1 f ,*9a & ,s+apore 9 ! ea/1 f ,au/ralia1 ,mauritius1 & ,africa 9 ! s\?1 & f ,ad5 & ! ,suez ,canal 9 ! we/4 ,colombo has mu* to attract a travell] dur+ ! #bd or #dh h\rs ! /eam] /ays1 b usually ! ,ori5tal ,hotel claims 8 "t & att5tion1 = ?is is ! place ( meet+ ( all :o g ^u ! wat]s1 & high wassail is apt to be ! ord] ( ! night4 ,! d9+-room ( ! ,ori5tal is ! refre%m5t-room at ! int]section ( ! *ief /eam l9es ( ! _w4 ,x is1 z x 71 ! re/aurant ( a ,union depot :]e ev]yone mu/ g = a meal2 at its tables travell]s f opposite po9ts ( ! _w meet1 ,*9ese b\nd = ,europe1 ,engli%m5 to report = ,indian duty1 ,fr5* soldi]s en r\te = ,saigon1 & ,au/ralians mak+ ! gr& t\r4 ,if ! travell] has /ay$ 9 ! same %ip all ! way f ,london1 he has1 by ! "t he arrives at ,colombo1 be5 #cj days en voyage & navigat$ a di/ance ( #f1gjj miles4 ,by :atev] l9e he has come1 he %\ld h enjoy$ 8 life on bo>d %ip1 = aft] ! fir/ day or two out f port acqua9tances are made t rapidly rip5 into good fell[%ip4 ,deck cricket1 quoits1 & cock-fight+ enliv5 ! =5oons2 a novel & a nap we> away ! aft]noons2 an innoc5t rubb] ) ! ladies bright5s ! ev5+s2 a good *orus beg9s ! nights m]rily1 & a small game ( draw %ort5s ! dy+ h\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,prom5ade ,deck ( an ,ori5t ,l9]4 ,at ,colombo (t5 ! be/ ( fri5ds mu/ "p1 "s to /ay 9 ! c\ntry1 o!rs to g to a diff]5t %ip2 = ! *oice ( r\tes is v>i$1 !re be+ "s #ae /eam%ip l9es radiat+ h5ce t[>d ! attractive c\ntries ( ,au/ralia1 ,africa1 ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,india1 & ,europe4 ,! run up ! coa/ f ,ceylon pa/ ! ,fr5* settlem5t ( ,pondi*]ry1 :]e ! ,fr5* /eam]s t\*1 to ,madras1 #fad miles to ! nor?w>d1 is smoo? sail+ if ! monsoon mon?s ( ,april1 ,june1 ,novemb]1 & ,decemb] be avoid$4 ,a day 9 port is suffici5t = l&+ ! c>go1 br\ght (f 9 light]s mann$ by /alw>t lasc>s1 nak$ except = ! n>r[e/ ( bree*-cl\ts & ! mo/ enorm\s ( turbans4 ,! travell]1 :ile at ,madras1 %\ld see ! ,indian juggl]s1 & to d ?is com=tably1 %\ld make arrangem5ts to h ! exhibition held on bo>d %ip4 ,two or ?ree natives1 sitt+ on ! op5 deck at 8 feet1 place a mango-/one ) a h&ful ( dirt "u an old cotton %eet1 :i*1 aft] talk+ gibb]i%1 !y remove1 disclos+ a small gre5 spr\t ab\t #h in*es high4 8,big mango80 is !n inquir$ by ! head juggl]2 8big mango80 ,receiv+ ass5t1 ! twig is c>efully recov]$ & incantations foll[1 :ile ! juggl]s sl[ly raise ! c5tre ( ! %eet high] & high]1 until f9ally1 on remov+ x1 !re /&s a mango-bu% #e feet high1 be>+ fruit :i* ! juggl] w pick & di/ribute4 ,! trick is wor? ! #aj x has co/4 ,f ,madras to ,calcutta ! di/ance is #ggj miles4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ feature ( ! j\rney is ! difficult navigation ( ! ,hoogly1 or ,calcutta ,riv]1 "u ! direction ( ! skilful pilots2 ea* ( :om br+s 8 own leadsman on bo>d1 sometimes two ( !m1 & 8 own native s]vant1 s z to be q indep5d5t ( ! %ip & h] crew4 ,! riv] front ( ,calcutta is "o long :>f ) vessels moor$ 9 columns ( twos1 ?rees1 & f\rs = a c\ple ( miles4 ,! /eam] traffic is l>ge1 ne>ly #a1jjj =eign %ips com+ & go+ )9 a ye>1 & z _m coa/+ /eam]s4 ,! import trade is pr9cipally 9 cotton goods1 metals1 & malt liquors2 ! exports are borax1 rice1 opium1 gums1 gunny-clo?1 etc4 ,f ,calcutta sev]al %ort sea r\tes may be tak5 to /range c\ntries3 ! ,briti% ,india %ips g to ,rangoon1 9 ,burmah1 & !n d[n ! ,malay ,p59sula to ,p5ang1 "o ( ! ,/rait ,settlem5ts4 ,p5ang is on ! road f ,ceylon to ,s+apore1 & "s ( ! great l9]s /op = a c\ple ( h\rs to take 9 a mail1 "s t91 & a few spices4 ,! h>bor is "o ( s+ul> beauty1 b n o!rwise ( mu* int]e/ to ! travell]1 hurry+ on ?r\gh ! picturesque ,/raits ( ,malacca to ,s+apore4 ,s+apore is ! half-way h\se on ! great highway betwe5 ,india & ,*9a1 :]e all %ips1 l>ge & small1 /op4 ,its position is a mo/ important "o1 n only z a l>ge coal+ & dock+ /ation1 b to a great] ext5t z an imm5se entrept = goods1 ! trade be+ l>gely "o ( transit4 ,! %ipp+ bus9ess done is enorm\s2 ! docks & /reets are full ( bu/le & activity1 ( hurry+1 runn+1 h>d-work+ ,*9ese1 ,javanese1 ,moluccans1 & ,europeans1 unm9dful ( a temp]ature av]ag+ #hf ,fahr5heit4 ,?is t[n ( su* activity & g lies almo/ "u ! equator1 9 latitude #a #ag nor?2 its longitude is ne>ly #ajd ea/2 j #ab h\rs & #i m9utes ahead ( ,new ,york1 f :i* city x is sep>at$ by #ab1jjj miles ( wat]1 requir+ ab\t #dc days ( ocean navigation4 ,s+apore has /eam communication ) #aeb diff]5t ports1 f> & ne>4 ,dur+ ! ye>1 #c1fjj =eign %ips ent] ! h>bor1 & ne>ly ! same numb] cle>1 repres5t+ a %ipp+ movem5t ( ov] #e1ejj1jjj tons4 ,! regul> l9]s make connection at ,s+apore ) ! ,ne!rl&-,india ,/eam%ip ,company--8,de ,n$]l&s*-,indis*e ,/oomva>t ,maats*appij0--an effici5t organization ) headqu>t]s at ,batavia1 ,java4 ,"s ( ! by-ways ( travel ov] :i* ! t\ri/ c agreeably saunt] by means ( ! #cj or m good /eam]s ( ?is company lead to all ! ports on ! coa/s ( ! isl&s ( ,java1 ,sumatra1 & ,borneo1 to ! ,moluccas1 ,philipp9es1 ,celebes1 & s back to ,s+apore1 :]e ! travell] bo>ds ! /eam] b\nd = ,hong-,kong4 ,! mail1 & o!r full-p[]$ /eam%ips1 leav+ ,s+apore = ! nor?w>d1 head /raight up ! ,*9a ,sea = ,hong-,kong1 #a1dce miles away4 ,dur+ ?is run ( #f days ! mo/ le>n$ discussions are held conc]n+ ! wea!r4 ,typhoons are mo/ preval5t f ,july to ,decemb]2 f ,decemb] to ,may !y seldom happ51 /ill !y h be5 kn[n to occur 9 e mon? ( ! ye>4 ,! ,septemb] equ9ox is a v prec>i\s p]iod2 !re=e1 if ! t\ri/ is anxi\s to make sure ( smoo? wea!r1 he %\ld "t 8 voyag+ s z to be 9 ^! wat]s 9 e>ly ,june1 :5 ! s\?we/ monsoon is lighte/4 ,b ?is br+s ! %ip to ,hong-,kong at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>m wea!r & ra9y season1 :]eas ! mon?s ( ,decemb] & ,janu>y are ! mo/ delightful1 ! mean temp]ature be+ #fe ,f4 ,9 ! wet or damp season ! travell] mu/ keep wat* ( 8 clo!s1 books1 %oes1 etc41 or !y w get injur$ by mildew4 ,?is sup]vision ( "o's effects is necess>y ?r\gh\t ! entire voyage ar\nd ,india1 ! dew at night be+ p5etrat+ & saturat+4 ,two s]viceable suits ( flannel %\ld be tak5 to be worn alt]nately1 s t "o suit c be dry+4 ,lea!r %oes1 p>ticul>ly black$ boots1 are damag$ by ! m\ld t =ms on !m :5 expos$2 ! prop] foot-ge> is ! canvas %oe ) rubb] sole4 ,hong-,kong is attractive because ( ! high peak1 #b1jjj feet above ! wat]1 ! =ts half-way d[n ! m\nta9's side1 & ! city built on ! long easy slope runn+ into ! capaci\s bay1 :]e ! :>fs1 docks1 moor+-buoys1 & ! l give unmi/akable evid5ces ( ! m>itime importance ( ! place4 ,! m5 at ! clubs on %ore1 bo? ,engli% & ,g]man1 w tell ! travell] t ,hong-,kong ranks z ! f\r? port 9 ! _w 9 ! am\nt ( %ipp+ t annually passes ?r\gh its wat]s3 a few ye>s ago ?is 0 e/imat$ to be above #ab1jjj1jjj tons1 :i*1 if correct1 w\ld give ,hong-,kong ne>ly z mu* z ,new ,york4 ,%\ld ! travell] desire to visit ,*9a & ,japan1 he mu/ disemb>k at ,hong-,kong4 ,?is he w d regretfully1 = he has become atta*$ to 8 %ip1 h] (fic]s1 & 8 messmates4 ,he has be5 well & c\rte\sly treat$ ?r\gh\t a long & at times t$i\s voyage1 dur+ :i* ev]y?+ has be5 done to make him com=table & cont5t$4 ,really1 ! ma9 diff]5ces exi/+ betwe5 ! /eam]s ( ! diff]5t companies are ^? ( r\te & "t4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,p4 ,o4 l&s ! pass5g] at ,hong-,kong1 #dd days f ,london1 via ,gibralt>1 ,malta1 ! ,canal1 ,bombay1 ,colombo1 & ,s+apore1 a total di/ance ( #i1hjj miles4 ,at e ma9 port t\*$ en r\te1 no matt] by :at l9e1 at lea/ #f h\rs1 (t5] #ab or #bd h\rs1 c be _h on %ore 9 :i* to see ! place1 & !re are no annoyances or vexations z to cu/om-h\se duties or inspections4 ,! ,m4 ,m4 l9e1 :i* dep>ts f ,m>seilles1 t\*es at ,naples1 & rea*es ,hong-,kong via ! ,canal1 ,ad51 ,colombo1 ,s+apore1 & ,saigon1 goes ov] #h1afj miles ( wat] 9 #cf days4 ,! ,g]man mail1 leav+ ,brem5 & ,antw]p & go+ by way ( ! ,canal via ,colombo & ,s+apore1 trav]ses #aj1bbc miles 9 #dc days4 ,! ,au/rian ,lloyd1 f ,trie/e via ,bombay1 makes port 9 #ej days1 aft] a j\rney ( #h1cde miles4 ,to visit ,canton ! /eamboat %\ld be tak5 t leaves ,hong-,kong daily4 ,! trip ( #g h\rs' duration w be enliv5$ by ! noisy ,*9ese pass5g]s on bo>d1 & by ! num]\s ,*9ese junks con/antly pass$ z !y are go+ up & d[n ! riv] "u sails & o>s4 ,! travell] w also enc\nt] "s ,europeans1 :o w gladly tell him good /ories & put him up at _! snug little club-h\se on ! ,%ame51 ! isl& connect$ ) ,canton1 :]e ! :ite population resides4 ,canton %\ld be se52 x is a typical ,*9ese city into :i* mod]n civilization has made no visible headway4 ,return+ to ,hong-,kong1 ! wat]-front (f]s mu* t is attractive4 ,?\s&s ( junks lie 9 r[s1 an*or$ (f ! h>bor1 & ?\s&s m are moor$ along ! sea-wall2 ! noise made by ! crews ( ^! boats1 beat+ gongs1 fir+ crack]s1 s++1 %\t+1 & burn+ pap]s & joss-/icks to _! favorite ,buddhas1 is p&emonium4 ,on %ore coolies trot ab\t 9 c\ples1 ) long bamboo-poles on _! %\ld]s1 transport+ *e/s ( tea1 silk1 matt+1 etc41 f ! junks to ! big /oreh\ses & f ! /oreh\ses to ! light]s to be t[$ alongside ! /eam]s1 :]e ! bales are hoi/$ into ! holds4 ,illu/ration3 ,l&+ ,pass5g]s at ,natal1 ,s\? ,africa4 ,at ?is port ! travell] w f9d a newly organiz$ transpacific s]vice1 runn+ by way ( ,yokohama to ,vanc\v]1 :]e connection is made ) ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway to ,quebec & ,halifax1 & !nce to ,london4 ,! l9e1 z at pres5t =m$1 consi/s ( ?ree magnific5t /eam]s1 sail+ mon?ly4 ,! ,empress ( ,india1 ! pione] ( ! l9e1 made ! voyage e>ly 9 #ahia f ,yokohama to ,vanc\v] 9 ! unprec$5t$ "t ( #aj days & #ae h\rs4 ,obs]v+ ! /eam]s closely1 ! travell] w discov] t "o ( !m is fly+ a diff]5t flag f ^? he has be5 accu/om$ to see :ile on ! j\rney along ! great ,indian ,ocean highway3 ! />s-&-/ripes belong to "o ( ! vessels ( ! ,pacific ,mail ,/eam%ip ,company ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,pacific ,mail ,/eam%ip ,company 0 organiz$ 9 #ahdg1 at ! "t ( ! colonization ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 & ga9$ notoriety by despat*+ "o ( its fir/ vessels1 ! ,cali=nia1 f ,new ,york1 9 #ahdh1 to ,san ,francisco by way ( ,cape ,horn4 ,! successful t]m9ation ( ?is extraord9>y p]=mance1 9 ^? e>ly days ( /eam navigation1 enabl$ ! company to inaugurate a /eam%ip s]vice betwe5 ,panama & ,san ,francisco4 ,! r\te ?us op5$ 0 f ,new ,york to ,colon 7,asp9wall71 & !nce across ! ,i/hmus to ,panama1 :]e ! /eam] 0 9 wait+ to run up ! ,mexican coa/ to ,cali=nia4 ,! transpacific r\te 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahfg1 soon aft] ! op5+ ( ! ,pacific ,railroad1 & is n[ work$ 9 conjunction ) an ,engli% l9e1 ! ,ori5tal ,occid5tal4 ,! travell] b\nd f ,hong-,kong = ,yokohama c take ei!r ! ,canadian ,pacific /eam]s or ! ,pacific ,mail4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he is anxi\s to see ! ports ( ,*9a & ,japan be=e ent]+ on ! great ?or\ghf>e ( ! ,pacific ,ocean1 he has at 8 *oice sev]al effici5t l9es ( local & coa/+ /eam]s1 t w be> him safely to ! diff]5t treaty ports & af=d him all ! "t he w require = sight-see+4 ,mo/ ( ! ,european mail l9es g to ,%anghai1 & ! coa/+ l9es ( bo? ,*9a & ,japan make x a /opp+-place4 ,%anghai is wor? a visit because ( ! diff]5t ,european ways ( liv+ 9 ,*9a4 ,! city is compos$ ( sections :]e ea* nation has e/abli%$ its own settlem5t1 contigu\s to1 b q di/9ct f1 t ( any o!r nation4 ,!re is an ,am]ican t[n1 an ,engli% t[n1 a ,fr5* t[n1 a ,g]man t[n1 & a ,*9ese t[n1 ea* pres]v+ its own language & society1 & z f> z possible its own ar*itecture4 ,! ,mitsu ,bi%e l9e ( /eam]s1 ! ,nippon ,yus51 & two or ?ree o!rs1 ply betwe5 ! ports ( ,japan along ! really beautiful inl& passage1 & up ! ,japan ,sea4 ,if "o be int]e/$ 9 ,japanese c]amics1 swords1 armor1 & antiquities1 he %\ld take ?is way trip2 ev5tually br++ up at ,yokohama1 :5ce a railway ride ( an h\r w l& him 9 ,tokio4 ,at ,yokohama passage is secur$ = ,san ,francisco1 #e1jjj miles to ! ea/w>d1 across ! broade/ "p ( ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,?is r\te is "o ( ! longe/ direct l9es betwe5 two places t is /eam$ ov] by ! %ips ( any company4 ,x is a dull & monoton\s voyage2 no?+ b blue wat] = #ah days1 no l& is se51 no /range sail sight$1 r>ely ev5 d gales ( w9d bl[ h>d en\gh to make ?+s lively4 ,! cab9 pass5g]s are pr9cipally ,am]icans return+ to _! native l&1 a few ,engli%m5 mak+ ! r\nd ( ! _w1 a c\ple ( ,au/ralians full ( talk ( ! greatness ( _! own c\ntry & sceptical z to ! advance & improvem5t ( any o!r2 "s ,japanese1 curi\s1 polite1 intellig5t2 "o or two ri* ,*9am5 :o keep to !mselves1 & a spr9kl+ ( o!r nationalities4 ,?is het]og5e\s cr[d gets on well toge!r1 plays c>ds1 makes pools on ea* day's run1 discusses ! #ahj? m]idian "q1 z to :y ! week is "o day long] ?an sev51 jokes1 laughs1 reads1 smokes1 & dr9ks4 ,! /e]age pass5g]s are mo/ly ,*9am5 return+ to ,cali=nia aft] a visit home4 ,special accommodations are fitt$ = !m4 ,n infrequ5tly ! ,*9ese 9 l>ge numb]s take passage on ! ,pacific ,mail to be l&$ at ,honolulu4 ,?is w give ! travell] a day 9 port1 :5 he %\ld g on %ore to enjoy ,s&wi* ,isl& hospitality1 & see ! ,hoola-hoola--a native dance t mu/ be pre>rang$ & paid =1 s9ce x is int]dict$ by ! ,gov]nm5t because ( its suppos$ demoraliz+ influ5ce--on ! native4 ,aft] a voyage ( #b1jjj miles 9 #g days to ! nor!a/1 ! /eam] ent]s ! ,gold5 ,gate1 & passes up to ! city ( ,san ,francisco4 ,a six-day run by railroad1 & ! travell] is once aga9 back 9 ,new ,york4 ,! :ole di/ance travell$ by ! way describ$ is1 9 r\nd numb]s1 #bc1jjj miles1 & ! "t tak5 to d ?is may h be5 b #hj or #ij days1 or m2 ! long] ! bett]1 = x requires pl5ty ( "t to enjoy a trip ar\nd ! _w4 ,x also requires money4 ,ab\t #a1jjj w\ld be necess>y = passage money alone2 d\ble ?is am\nt w\ld be suffici5t to take ! travell] 9 com=t & ease1 & ^u 8 arrival home he w\ld consid] x money admirably sp5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! travell] rea*+ ,san ,francisco by ! above highway ( circumnavigation c fur!r add to 8 k ( /range c\ntries by select+ a sea j\rney to ,new ,york1 in/ead ( a l& run by railroad across ! cont95t4 ,to g by sea passage mu/ be secur$ on bo>d a ,pacific ,mail coa/+ /eam]1 ! only l9e runn+ to ,mexico1 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & ,panama4 ,/eam+ d[n ! beautiful coa/ ( ,cali=nia1 /opp+ at picturesque h>bors 9 ,mexico1 an*or+ (f road/eads ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 tak+ on & (f a few pass5g]s1 an ,engli%man1 a ,g]man1 an ,am]ican1 h&l+ c>go--su* is ! r\gh log ( ! cruise ( #bj days & #c1bjj miles until ! spl5did ,bay ( ,panama is rea*$4 ,! eight or t5 ports ( call are bett] se5 f ! %ip ?an f ! %ore4 ,! en*antm5t ( di/ance gives way ^u close exam9ation to pity & disgu/1 = dirt1 indig5ce1 & a total ignorance ( h[ to live dec5tly are noticeable ev]y:]e4 ,at ,panama two widely diff]5t r\tes lead+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates are (f]$3 ! "o goes ov] ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama by rail & !nce to ,new ,york by sea2 ! o!r /ret*es away d[n ! we/ coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,magellan1 & up ! ,atlantic highway4 ,by ! fir/ r\te ! railway j\rney ov] ! #de miles ( l& sep>at+ ! ,pacific f ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 crosses1 recrosses1 & runs beside ! des]t$ canal1 af=d+ ocul> pro( ( ! failure ( ! s*eme4 ,at bo? ,panama & ,colon ! same appe>ance ( be+ left is noticeable4 ,! bus9ess ( ! two ports is "o ( transit only1 b is suffici5tly great to furni% employm5t to "s ?\s&s ( ,am]icans & ,jamaicans4 ,ne>ly a doz5 /eam%ip l9es leave ,colon = ports 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,europe1 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & ! neighbor+ coa/s1 & by "o or two ( !m ! travell] c run up to ,greyt[n1 :]e he w h an opportunity to see ! ,nic>aguan ,canal4 ,?is canal1 :5 complet$1 w make important *anges 9 exi/+ r\tes betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,europe at "o end ( ! l9e1 & ! we/ coa/ ( ! ,am]ican ,cont95t1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ,au/ralasia at ! o!r4 ,= in/ance1 ! r\te f ,london to ,sydney is #ab1ejj miles1 via ! ,suez ,canal2 by ! ,nic>aguan ,canal ! di/ance w be less ?an #ab1jjj miles4 ,& if ! l5g?s ( ! r\tes f ! ,atlantic seabo>ds to ! ,pacific seabo>ds1 bo? ea/ & we/1 be comp>$ ) ^? n[ foll[$1 ! great sav+ by ! ,nic>aguan gateway becomes /ill m app>5t4 ,return+ to ,colon1 ! travell] bo>ds ! nor?-b\nd /eam]1 & l&s 9 ,new ,york1 #b1jjj miles di/ant1 9 #h days4 ,x may be1 h[ev]1 t ! travell] decides ^u proce$+ by ! second r\te1 lead+ f ,panama to ,new ,york4 ,if s1 he books on bo>d a /eam] belong+ to ! ,pacific ,/eam ,navigation ,company ( ,engl&1 a p[]ful organization hav+ ! contract = c>ry+ ! mails1 & controll+ almo/ exclusively ! ,i/hmian trade to & f ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! %ips ( ! ,company run into all ! ports ( consequ5ce on ! we/ coa/1 & ! l9es ext5d f ,valp>aiso by way ( ,magellan ,/raits to ! riv] ,plate & ,brazil ports1 & !nce to ,lisbon & ,engl&4 ,an important po9t = consid]ation 9 connection ) ?is s\!rn trip is ! probability ( !re be+ a revolution 9 progress 9 "s ( ! c\ntries to be visit$1 :i* might int]f]e ) go+ on %ore4 ,at l5g? ! /eam] leaves ,panama1 & ! pass5g] = ! ,unit$ ,/ates beg9s 8 long j\rney4 ,8 companions are v few1 ,s\? ,am]icans1 pr9cipally1 b\nd = ports along ! coa/1 s he is left to 8 own res\rces4 ,he c read1 & l\nge1 & make good fri5ds ) ! (fic]s ( ! %ip1 :o are ,engli%m54 ,at night he c /ret* out 9 8 /eam] *air & dream away ! w>m h\rs gaz+ at ! 8maje/ical ro( frett$ ) gold5 fire40 ,f ,panama to ,valp>aiso1 "s #c1ajj miles1 #be ports are t\*$ at1 :i*1 ,callao except$1 are ( no special int]e/4 ,callao1 ! seaport ( ,p]u1 is 9 itself unattractive1 ! t[n & ! p are dirty2 ! empty docks1 ! lazy inhabitants1 ! atmosph]e ( laissez all]1 confirm ! op9ion t ! place & all ar\nd x h _h _! day4 ,f ,callao ! travell] %\ld g to ,lima1 #g miles di/ant by rail1 & take ! ,oroya ,railway to ! top ( ! ,&es1 #ae1jjj feet above ! sea-level3 ! wond]ful eng9e]+ ability display$ 9 con/ruct+ ?is road w prove q z impressive z ! truly magnific5t m\nta9 sc5]y4 ,two days w suffice to make ! excursion & br+ him back to ,lima1 an old ,spani% city ) _m int]e/+ corn]s4 ,! ca!dral %\ld be visit$2 9 ! crypt lie ! bones ( ! great ,piz>ro4 ,a dirty ,*olo %[s !m4 ,rev]5tly pull+ aside a ragg$ curta9 f be=e a d+y /one b5*1 he exclaims1 8,behold ! bones ( ,francisco ,piz>ro60 ,_! /ate ( p]fect pres]vation & symmetry ( arrangem5t might incl9e "o to d\bt ! tru? ( ! /atem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,port ( ,valp>aiso 9 a ,nor!r4 ,leav+ ,callao1 en r\te = ,valp>aiso1 ! /eam] makes sev]al ports2 "s ( !m int]e/+ because ( ! rec5t w> op]ations1 b o!rwise !y _h bett] be view$ f ! %ip's deck1 = ! same l[ adobe dwell+s & squalid exi/5ce *>act]ize !m all4 ,aft] #aa days ( pleasant wea!r ,valp>aiso is rea*$4 ,valp>aiso is built on sev]al hill slopes runn+ to ! wat] f a high ridge back ( ! city4 ,x is a place ( great activity2 ! docks are pil$ high ) freight1 ! p move ab\t ) _s1 ! h>bor is full ( %ips1 & !re is t g5]al air :i* betok5s f9ancial s\ndness & comm]cial prosp]ity4 ,! /reets are noticeably clean1 ! build+s are ( good ar*itecture1 ! /ores are invit+1 & ! frequ5tly recurr+ signs 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man1 & ! p met1 are indicative ( ! cosmopolitan nature ( ! inhabitants4 ,! ,bay ( ,valp>aiso is op5 to ! nor?w>d1 f :i* po9t ! heavy gales bl[1 rais+ a long roll+ sea t works consid]able damage to %ipp+4 ,/eam]s weigh & /& out :5 ^! bl[s come on4 ,valp>aiso has connection1 via ,magellan ,/raits1 ) ,montevideo1 #b1gej miles di/ant1 by means ( f\r or five l9es ( good /eam%ips4 ,! ,p4 ,s4 ,n4--z ! ,pacific ,/eam ,navigation ,company is call$--runs vessels ov] ?is r\te4 ,s d ! ,cosmos & ,hamburg ,companies1 ,g]man l9es2 !re are besides ,fr5* & ,italian l9es4 ,s9ce leav+ ,panama1 #ba days ago1 ! wea!r along ! ,pacific highway has be5 uni=mly pleasant--= nor!rs are infrequ5t--! breezes h be5 light & w>m f ! s\?w>d1 ! sea long & smoo?1 & ! %ip seldom out ( sight ( ! b>e s&y hills runn+ along ! %ore1 or ! t[]+ ,&es /ret*+ away 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,to ! s\? f ,valp>aiso1 h[ev]1 ?is *anges4 ,x gr[s cold]1 ! sea gets r\gh]1 & by ! "t ! ,gulf ( ,pez1 ! entrance to ! inside passage1 is rea*$1 ! *ances are x w be ?ick & unsettl$1 ) e prospect ( a f\l gale4 ,:5 ! /orm breaks x is trem5d\s2 9 no o!r "p ( ! _w d w9ds bl[ h>d] or seas rise high]2 l(ty %ips c>ry l[ sails h]eab\ts1 & /eam]s frequ5tly h to lie to4 ,! mad ocean is left a/]n :5 ! %ip ent]s ! inside passage lead+ along ! coa/ ( ,patagonia & ! ,/raits ( ,magellan4 ,"h ! sc5e is "o ( unp>allel$ magnific5ce4 ,high b>e walls ( /one1 t[]+ b>r5 cliffs1 l(ty sn[-capp$ peaks1 wea!r-sc>r$ m\nta9s d[n ^: furr[$ sides ext5d /eel-blue glaci]s--all reveal nature 9 h] mo/ maje/ic & awe-inspir+ =m4 ,f ,s&y ,po9t1 a small settlem5t midway 9 ! /rait1 :]e coal c be obta9$1 to ,cape ,virg9s1 #aej miles beyond1 ! lay ( ! l& is less v>i$ & attractive4 ,at ! ,cape ! %ip ent]s on ! tempe/u\s ,atlantic highway1 & heads nor?w>d = ,montevideo1 #a1cjj miles away4 ,five days lat] ! an*or is let g ab\t #c miles (f ! city4 ,! travell] mu/ rememb]1 :5 go+ on %ore at ,montevideo1 t pamp]os bl[ frequ5tly1 rais+ a na/y cross-sea :i* makes boat+ v unc]ta94 ,sev]al well-kn[n l9es ( =eign vessels make ,montevideo a port ( call2 among !m ! ,messag]ies ,m>itimes2 ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyds1 ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,lloyds1 & ! ,italian ,mail4 ,( ! _m o!r l9es1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 ,spani%1 & ,brazilian1 to be se5 9 ! h>bor1 none is ( m importance ?an ! ,royal ,mail ,/eam ,packet ,company1 ( ,s\?ampton4 ,9 #ahdb ?is /eam%ip company 0 ! fir/ t c>ri$ mails to ! ,we/ ,indies f ,europe4 ,x began ! ,brazilian & ,riv] ,plate 7,rio de la ,plata7 mail s]vice 9 #ahej4 ,to-day its r\tes include ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s1 ,mexico1 & ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! regul> l9]s to ,montevideo1 & ! sev]al local & coa/+ /eam]s1 come to (f ,bu5os ,ayres1 #ajj miles to ! s\!a/w>d4 ,! ext5sive h>bor works1 = ! purpose ( mak+ ! city a deep-wat] port1 at once excite admiration4 ,bo? ,montevideo & ,bu5os ,ayres are attractive cities ( regul> /reets1 _m sub/antial h\ses1 public build+s ) ,italian m>ble faades1 ,spani% ca!drals1 & ext5sive suburbs ( h&some resid5ces surr\nd$ by beautiful g>d5s4 ,! mean temp]ature ( ! two places1 #fc1 corresponds ) t ( ,pal]mo & ,rome4 ,! bus9ess ( ,montevideo is good1 ! imports ( m]*&ise1 ma*9]y1 & manufactur$ articles exce$+ #bb1jjj1jjj1 & ! exports ( hides1 horns1 wool1 & beef be+ valu$ at #ae1jjj1jjj4 ,! trade ( ,bu5os ,ayres is mu* l>g]1 ! imports be+ valu$ at #hh1jjj1jjj1 ! exports at #fe1jjj1jjj4 ,! travell] = ,rio ,janeiro c take a coa/+ l9e if he desires to visit s\!rn ,brazil2 o!rwise1 any "o ( ! big mail %ips w make ! run ( #a1aej miles 9 #f days4 ,! port ( ,rio1 l>ge1 deep1 & ! mo/ beautiful 9 ! _w1 is ent]$ by a *annel a mile & a half wide1 def5d$ by =ts4 ,inside ! bay is #ag miles long by #aj miles broad4 ,! t[n is mo/ attractive f ! wat]4 ,x is especially picturesque at night1 :5 ! arrangem5t ( ! innum]able gas-lights di/9ctly outl9es ! entire city1 built on a g5tle incl9e t[>d ! bay4 ,! /reets are n>r[1 badly pav$1 & n ov]-clean4 ,! travell] w f9d t he c get on well en\gh if he talk ,fr5*1 = !re is a c]ta9 ,fr5* air ab\t ! community4 ,_m ( ! /ores h ,fr5* signs1 ne>ly all ! %opkeep]s speak ,fr5*1 x is ! language ( ! hotel cl]ks1 ! op]a b\ffe s+s x1 & ! black-ey$ seoritas murmur x4 ,rio is connect$ ) ,europe by #ab regul> l9es ( /eam%ips1 & ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates by #c4 ,new ,york be+ ! travell]'s objective port1 he %\ld take passage on bo>d "o ( ! vessels ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,brazil ,mail ,/eam%ip ,company1 fly+ ! ,am]ican flag4 ,s9ce leav+ ,panama1 #dj odd days ago1 ! t\ri/ has /eam$ ov] #g1jjj miles ( ocean highway1 yet ?r\gh\t all ?is "t & di/ance1 he has nev] once se5 ! />s-&-/ripes4 ,! %ips ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,brazil ,mail ,/eam%ip ,company are despat*$ mon?ly f ,rio1 mak+ /ops at ,bahia1 ,p]nambuco1 ,m>anham1 & ,p>a 9 ,brazil4 ,at ,p>a a mo/ int]e/+ r\te is (f]$ by regul> /eam]s runn+ up ! ,amazon to ,manaos1 #a1jjj miles away2 !nce1 irregul> vessels g #b1jjj miles f>!r4 ,f ,p>a ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,brazil ,company makes ,b>badoes1 ( ! ,w9dw>d ,isles1 9 #e days--a heal?y1 delightful w9t] resort1 :]e a mean daily temp]ature ( #hj is temp]$ by ! /eady nor!a/ trade-w9ds4 ,! wea!r along ! ,atlantic highway1 f ! riv] ,plate to ! ,w9dw>d ,isl&s1 is = ! mo/ "p f9e1 cle>1 & w>m1 ) occasional ra9-squalls :5 on ! l9e1 & possibly a /iff bl[ :5 r\nd+ ,cape ,/4 ,roque4 ,except+ ! pleasure incid5t to be+ at sea1 !re is little to excite ! travell]1 = ! pass5g]s are few1 ,am]icans & ,s\? ,am]icans1 & are n addict$ to mu* amusem5t4 ,l\ng+1 read+1 smok+1 & walk+ ! deck1 conv]sation & c>ds pass ! "t4 ,at ,b>badoes ! travell] ent]s ! wat]s ( ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s4 ,^! isl&s pres5t a great contra/ to ,s\? ,am]ica1 n only 9 physical features1 b 9 wea!r & population4 ,dur+ ! w9t] mon?s ! nor!a/ trades bl[ at times ) =ce en\gh to raise a r\gh sea4 ,dur+ ! summ] season hurricanes are to be fe>$4 ,! diff]5ces ( race *>act]i/ics are m noticeable ?an ^? ( ! wea!r4 ,in/ead ( ! lazy1 polite1 cruel ,s\? ,am]icans1 ! travell] enc\nt]s ! ubiquit\s ,we/ ,indian d>ky1 celebrat$ = 8 insol5ce1 *aff1 & annoy+ p]si/5ce4 ,f ,b>badoes ! /eam] %apes h] c\rse = ! ,isl& ( ,/4 ,?omas1 a day's run ( #cjj miles4 ,/4 ,?omas is a place ( great %ipp+ activity4 ,x communicates ) ,europe by l9es runn+ to ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,spa94 ,x is ! ,we/ ,india head-qu>t]s ( ! ,royal ,mail ,/eam ,packet ,company1 & ! c5tral po9t f :i* bran* l9es radiate t w take ! travell] to any or all ( ! isl&s1 z he desires4 ,n[ t ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! ,bahamas1 & ,cuba are gr[+ 9 favor z w9t] resorts1 ! l9es & r\tes ( /eam]s f ! ,we/ ,indies are _m & v>i\s4 ,= in/ance1 to rea* ,new ,york ! ,clyde & ,atlas l9es sail f ,hayti2 ! ,new ,york ,cuba l9e f ,cuba & ! ,bahamas2 ! ,new ,york ,porto ,rico l9e f ,/4 ,johns2 ! ,r$ ,d l9e f ,curaao & ,colombian ports2 ! ,quebec ,/eam%ip ,company f ,/4 ,kitts & o!r ,w9dw>d ,isl&s & ,b]muda2 ! ,atlas1 ,honduras1 ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,wessels l9es f ,jamaica1 & ! ,tr9idad l9e f ,port ( ,spa91 ,gr5ada1 & ,guiana4 ,! ,plant l9e f ,jamaica l&s ! travell] 9 ,tampa1 ,fla41 a place 9 communication ) ,havana1 z is ,new ,orleans4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! travell] has tak5 none ( ^! m9or r\tes1 b /ay$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,brazil /eam] at ,/4 ,?omas1 he is l&$ 9 ,new ,york1 #a1dej miles di/ant1 9 #f days4 ,! :ole voyage f ,san ,francisco ar\nd ! ,am]ican cont95t to ,new ,york1 along ! ocean highways commonly navigat$ by ! l>g] /eam%ips1 is #af1ejj miles long4 ,! "t tak5 to make ?is di/ance is ab\t #ajj days4 ,! co/ ( ! j\rney = tickets1 transf]s1 & unavoidable delays is #a1jjj2 #b1jjj w enable ! pass5g] to d x com=tably4 ,illu/ration3 ,/eam] at ,an*or1 ,simon's ,bay1 ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,! travell] f ,new ,york has be5 gone f />t to f9i%1 by ! ocean highways to ,europe1 ,india1 ,*9a1 ,san ,francisco1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & back to ,new ,york1 ne>ly #bjj days2 has /eam$ ov] ab\t #dj1jjj miles ( wat]1 & has sp5t #d1jjj4 ,he has le>n$ t !re are o!r l&s & o!r peoples ?an 8 own wor?y 8 admiration & /udy4 ,let him take a ye> & #e1jjj = ?is r\nd+ ! _w1 & he w be bett] satisfi$ & bett] in=m$1 & appreciate m fully t 8go+ to sea cle>s a man's head ( mu* nons5se ( 8 wigwam40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! f\r? great ocean ?or\ghf>e1 ! r\te ar\nd ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope to ,africa1 ,au/ralia1 & ! ,ea/1 is trav]s$ by _m f9e /eam]s4 ,! way lies f ,europe via ,madeira1 ,cape ,v]d1 ,/4 ,hel5a1 ,we/ ,africa1 & ,cape ,t[n1 !nce to ,ea/ ,africa via ,mauritius to ,au/ralia1 :5ce ! ,occid5t l9e leaves = ,new ,zeal&1 ,samoa1 ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 & ,san ,francisco4 ,?is long r\te cov]s #cj1jjj miles4 ,to rea* ! ,cape1 #f1jjj miles f ,engl&1 ! two well-kn[n ,engli% mail l9es1 ! ,union ,/eam%ip ,company & ! ,ca/le ,mail ,packets ,company (f] ! mo/ attractive r\tes2 ! /eam] s]vice ( bo? is ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,! "t out is #ah days1 ! f>e ab\t #ahj4 ,two ,engli% l9es1 ! ,new ,zeal& ,%ipp+ ,company & ! ,%aw1 ,savill ,albion ,company des]ve special m5tion1 because ! r\te !y foll[ gives ! longe/ possible /ret* ( ocean navigation1 ea* vessel mak+ a complete circuit ( ! _w on ! r\nd voyage4 ,! fleet ( ea* company comprises #e l>ge1 well-appo9t$ /eam%ips1 despat*$ alt]nately e two weeks ov] ! foll[+ r\te3 ,f ,plym\? to ,t5]iffe1 #a1dbj miles 9 #e days1 :]e a /ay ( #f h\rs = coal+ gives opportunity = a trip on %ore4 ,!n a run ( #d1dej miles 9 #ae days br+s ! /eam] to ,cape ,t[n1 :]e an #h or #aj h\r /ay is made4 ,pass5g]s = ,african ports transf] "h4 ,f ,cape ,t[n a run ( #e1djj miles 9 #ag days br+s ! /eam] to ,hob>t1 :]e ,tasmanian & ,au/ralian pass5g]s leave ! vessel4 ,aft] a few h\rs 9 ?is beautiful h>bor a #d days' run ( #a1bgj miles l&s ! travell] 9 ,well+ton1 ,new ,zeal&4 ,= ! homew>d voyage a c\rse is %ap$ = ,cape ,horn1 a #ad days' run4 ,once ar\nd ?is po9t ! %ip makes ,rio1 #bb days & #f1hbj miles di/ant f ,well+ton4 ,! next port ( call is ,t5]iffe1 #c1cfj miles & #ab days di/ant1 :5ce a #e days' run is suffici5t to cov] ! #a1dbj miles t aga9 l&s ! travell] 9 ,plym\?1 aft] hav+ be5 gone #ha days & travell$ ov] #be1aej miles4 ,! price ( a ticket ov] ?is longe/ ( great sea r\tes is ab\t #fej4 ,footnote3 #bj ,! table is f ,lloyd's ,regi/]1 #ahij-ia4 ,,index4 ,a>on ,manby1 !1 fir/ iron /eam%ip1 #ad4 ,accommodation1 !1 fir/ /eamboat on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 #e4 ,adelaide1 !1 a fam\s clipp] %ip1 #bbe4 ,ad51 #bgj4 ,ag5ts1 /eam%ip1 at home & abroad1 #acb4 ,all]1 !1 #dj4 ,am]ica1 !1 z a freight c>ri]1 #bcc4 ,am]ican ent]prise 9 fir/ e/abli%+ long ocean r\tes1 #bec4 ,an*or1 heav+ !1 #aef4 ,an*or l9e1 !1 #bdc4 ,arctic1 !1 loss (1 #bf4 ,arizona1 !1 #cf4 collision (1 ) an iceb]g1 #bjc4 spe$ (1 #bbi4 ,atlas l9e1 !1 #bdc4 ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,lloyd ,/eam ,navigation ,company1 #bfd4 ,banana trade1 !1 #bdj1 et seq4 receipts ( bananas 9 #ahij1 #bdc4 ,b>ges1 coal+1 #bdh4 ,bassorah1 #bgc4 ,bayonne1 !1 a tank /eam]1 record (1 #bde4 ,b5nett1 ,james ,gordon1 ,sr41 a pass5g] on ! ,sirius's fir/ return voyage1 #bag4 ,bill ( f>e ( a transatlantic l9]1 #acg4 requir$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 #adc4 ,black ,ball l9e4 ,see ,m>%all1 ,c4 ,h41 ,co4 ,black ,/> l9e4 ,see ,grim%aw ,co4 ,black ,/> l9e1 old4 ,see ,guion l9e4 ,boat drill on %ipbo>d1 #aha4 ,boil]s1 tubul>1 ! fir/1 #cc4 ,bombay1 description (1 #bga4 /eam%ip l9es conv]g+ at1 #bgb4 ,bo?nia1 !1 #ce4 ,bramah1 ,joseph1 proposes ! plan ( a screw propell]1 #ag4 ,bramwell1 ,sir ,fr$]ick1 #cf4 8 comp>ison ( an anci5t galley to an ,atlantic l9]1 #ajh4 ,bread/uffs & provisions1 value ( export (1 9 #ahij-ia1 #bbd4 ,britannia1 ! fir/ ( ! ,cun>d %ips to sail = ,am]ica1 #ba4 h] dim5sions1 #bb1 #ca1 #gc4 ! pione] ( ! ,cun>d l9e1 #aah4 ,britannic1 !1 #ce4 description (1 #gc4 av]age spe$ (1 #gg4 ,briti% ,india ,/eam ,navigation ,company1 !1 #bfc4 ,br[n1 ,wm4 ,h41 build] ( ! ,coll9s vessels1 #bf4 ,brunel1 design] ( ! ,great ,we/]n1 #aj4 & ( ! ,great ,brita91 #ai4 plans ! ,great ,ea/]n1 #cj4 ,bu5os ,ayres1 #bhh4 ,bulkheads & d\ble bottoms 9 /eam%ips1 #bjf4 ,bureau ,v]itas1 exhibit (1 at ! ,liv]pool naval exhibition1 #d4 ,burns1 ,mr4 ,george1 #ab4 ,bu%ire1 #bgb4 ,calcutta1 fir/ /eam%ip to arrive 91 #bee4 ,cali=nia1 e>ly sea travel to1 #bed4 ,callao1 #bhd4 ,canton1 #bgh4 ,ca/le ,mail ,packets ,company1 #bib4 ,cattle %ips1 load+ (1 #bdh4 co/ ( %ipp+ cattle1 #bea4 ,caulk+ an iron %ip1 #ajb4 ,*>les ,w4 ,wetmore1 !1 ! 8:aleback10 description (1 #bcd1 et seq4 ,*eck+ ( baggage1 sy/em ( transatlantic1 #aca1 #ada4 ,*9a1 !1 #cb4 ,*9ese pass5g] traffic to ,cali=nia1 #bha4 ,city ( ,b]l91 !1 #ce4 ,city ( ,glasg[1 !1 #gc1 #abd4 ,city ( ,new ,york1 !1 #db4 highe/ av]age spe$ made by1 #abi4 ,city ( ,p>is1 !1 #db4 description (1 #gd4 bulkhead sy/em (1 #bjf4 z a record break]1 #bbi4 ,city ( ,rome1 !1 reject$ by ! ,inman ,company1 #ic4 ,cl]mont1 !1 spe$ (1 #fh4 description (1 #gj4 ,clipp] %ips1 fam\s1 #bbe4 e>ly ,am]ican1 #bed4 ,clyde1 ,fir? ( !1 #ie4 ,coal1 consumption (1 on /eam]s1 #ci1 #dd1 #fg4 r$uc$ by ! employm5t ( improv$ eng9es1 #hg4 ,coal+ ocean /eam]s1 #bdh4 ,coal-trimm]s1 fea/ (1 #age4 ,coa/wise /eam%ips1 l9es (1 #bbc4 ,coll9s1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,k41 f\nd] ( ! ,coll9s l9e1 #abj4 ,coll9s l9e1 e/abli%m5t (1 #be1 #aba4 vessels (1 #bj1 #ca1 #aba4 rates (1 #abb4 bankruptcy (1 #bg1 #abb4 ,colombo1 #bgc4 ,columba1 !1 #gb4 ,comet1 !1 model (1 #c4 description (1 #e1 #gj1 #if4 ,compagnie ,gnrale ,transatlantique1 !1 e/abli%m5t (1 #be1 #dc4 freight capacity ( %ips (1 #bah4 ,cond5s]1 surface1 #cb4 ,conv5i5ces & luxuries ( transatlantic travel1 #acg1 et seq4 ,cotton1 value ( export (1 #bbd4 ,cufic1 !1 tonnage (1 #bcj4 ,cun>d1 ,mr4 ,samuel1 #ab1 #aah4 ,cun>d l9e1 f\ndation (1 #ab4 fir/ fleet (1 #ba1 #aah4 a monopoly at ! />t1 #abj4 freight capacity ( _! l>ge/ %ips1 #bah4 ,demologos !1 ,fulton's w> /eam]1 description (1 #e4 ,di/ances1 prices1 etc41 f ,london to ,san ,francisco ea/w>d1 table (1 #bfe4 ,draught1 =c$1 #hh4 ,dreadnaught1 !1 a fam\s clipp] %ip1 #bbe4 ,du*ess ( ,hamilton1 !1 #ga4 ,eid]1 !1 rapid freight+ (1 #bdg4 ,eld]1 ,john1 ,co41 introduce ! comp\nd eng9e1 #cd1 #dj4 ,elevators1 float+ capacity (1 #bci4 ,eng9e] =ce on a l>ge /eam%ip1 duties1 #agc4 ,eng9e-room ( a /eam%ip1 #agj4 ,eng9es1 m>9e1 ( ! ,great ,brita91 #ai1 #cc1 #cf4 triple expansion1 #ci1 #df4 comp\nd1 #fh1 #hg4 ,ent]prise1 !1 fir/ /eam%ip to arrive 9 ,india1 #g1 #bee4 ,ericsson1 ,john1 %[s ! practicability ( ! screw propell]1 #ad4 ,esm]alda1 !1 wave-action 9 ! case (1 #dh4 ,etruria1 !1 be/ voyage (1 #gg4 timely arrival (1 #beb4 ,evans1 ,oliv]1 advocates high pressures1 #cc1 #ce4 ,export bus9ess 9 #ahij f ! pr9cipal ,atlantic ports1 #bbd4 ,fairfield1 %ip-y>d1 description (1 #ajd4 8,fair+ ! %ip10 #ih4 ,fa/net light1 #aid4 ,f]ry-boat1 ! ,new ,york1 #c4 ,fire-drill on a /eam%ip1 #aed4 ,firem5 on ! ocean /eam%ips1 #dd4 ,florio l9e1 !1 #bdc4 ,fog at sea1 dang]s (1 #ahf4 n>r[ escapes 91 #ahi1 et seq4 ,=bes1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,b41 ( ,bo/on1 builds screw /eam]s = transatlantic trade1 #bd4 ,freight]s1 z a class ( ocean /eam%ips1 #bbf1 #bcc4 ,freights1 ocean1 rate (1 #bea4 volume (1 #bbd4 h[ h&l$1 #bdf4 ,fr\de1 ,mr4 ,w41 inve/igations (1 on ! be/ =ms = %ips1 #df1 #fc4 ,fruit /eam%ip1 !1 #bci1 et seq4 description (1 #bdj4 ,fulton1 ! mak] ( ! fir/ successful /eamboats1 #b1 #e4 fir/ w> /eam] design$ by1 #e4 ,g]manic1 !1 #ce1 #gd4 ,gibralt>1 description (1 #bfj4 ,glasg[ ,new ,york ,/eam%ip ,co41 #abe4 ,glasg[1 ! %ipbuild]s (1 #if4 ,gra9-c>ry+1 vessels design$ =1 #bcd1 et seq4 ,great ,brita91 !1 build+ (1 #ac4 details (1 #ai4 fate (1 #bj4 ,great ,ea/]n1 !1 #cj4 ,great ,we/]n1 !1 #gb4 description (1 #aj4 h] voyage to ,new ,york & return1 #aa1 #aac1 #aag4 h] c>e] & end1 #ab4 built ( iron & ) a screw1 #ad4 ,great ,we/]n ,/eam%ip ,company1 =mation (1 #g4 ,brunel ! f\nd] (1 #i4 ,grim%aw ,co4's l9e1 #aac4 ,guion l9e1 e/abli%m5t (1 #be1 #aac4 /eam]s (1 lo/ betwe5 ,fa/net & ,liv]pool1 #aie4 ! freight capacity (1 #bah4 ,hamburg-,am]ican l9e1 %ips (1 #dc4 _! freight capacity1 #bah4 ,h5d]son1 ,?omas1 self-clean+ fire-b>s (1 #hi4 ,h5riette1 ,pr9cesse1 !1 description (1 #gj4 ,honduras ,c5tral ,am]ican l9e1 !1 #bdc4 ,hong-,kong1 #bgg4 ,hoogly ,riv]1 navigation (1 #bge4 ,horse-p[]1 #fd4 increase (1 n 9 proportion to increase 9 size ( vessel1 #fg4 ,h[d51 ,james1 =c$ draught process (1 #hh4 ,hulls1 ,jona?an1 pamphlet (1 on propell+ boats by /eam1 #a4 ,hydrographic ,bureau1 *>ts issu$ by1 #aii4 ,ice at sea1 p]ils (1 #aih1 et seq4 ,iceb]gs1 orig9 & dang]s (1 #bjj4 ,immigrant pass5g] traffic1 proportions (1 #adg4 h[ h&l$1 #adh4 ,imprieuse1 !1 #fc4 ,india1 %ort r\te to1 f ,europe1 #bee4 ,inman l9e1 %ips (1 #db4 beg9n+ ( !1 #abb4 ! fir/ to use ! screw propell] & to c>ry /e]age pass5g]s1 #abd4 ! freight capacity ( ! l>ge/ %ips (1 #bah4 ,iron vessels1 ! fir/1 #ac4 ,?omas ,wilson1 ! fir/ build] (1 #ad4 ,japanese /eam%ip l9es1 #bha4 ,john ,r&olph1 !1 fir/ iron vessel 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ac4 ,kirk1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,c41 triple expansion eng9es (1 #ci4 ,kurra*ee1 #bgb4 ,laird1 ,mr4 ,j41 #aa4 build] ( ! fir/ iron vessels on a l>ge scale1 #ac4 ,laird1 ,mr4 ,mc,gregor1 e/imate ( coal consumption 9 /eam navigation1 #i4 ,l>dn]1 ,dr41 8 decl>ation ( ! impossibility ( /eam navigation1 #g4 ,lima1 #bhd4 ,liv]pool1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia ,/eam%ip ,co4 ,see ,inman l9e4 ,log1 pat5t1 #bac4 ,london1 table ( di/ances & prices f & to ,san ,francisco1 #bfe4 ,madras1 #bge4 ,mails1 accommodations =1 on ocean /eam%ips1 #bcj1 et seq4 sort+1 on bo>d %ip1 #bca4 l>ge/ ,european1 br\ght by ! ,s]via1 #bca4 ,maje/ic1 !1 fa/ trip (1 #dd4 description (1 #gd4 breaks ! record1 #bbi4 ,m>%all1 ,c4 ,h41 ,co4's l9e1 #aac1 #abj4 ,m>%all1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,c41 pap] (1 #cf4 ,m>y ,:itr$ge1 !1 a fam\s clipp] %ip1 #bbe4 ,maudslay ,field1 build]s ( m>9e eng9es1 #aa4 ,mc,iver1 ,mr4 ,david1 #ab4 ,mc,kinley bill1 influ5ce (1 on freight rates1 #bea4 ,m$it]ranean fruit trade1 !1 #bdc4 ,m]*&ise1 value ( export (1 9 #ahij-ahia1 #bdd4 ,messag]ies ,m>itimes1 ! fleet (1 #bfd4 ,mill]1 ,patrick1 #fh4 ,mireh\se1 ,capta9 ,john1 #add4 ,models ( ,briti% boats1 display (1 #b1 #d4 ,molasses %ip1 !1 #bdf4 ,montevideo1 #bhh4 ,national l9e1 ! e/abli%m5t (1 #be4 z a freight c>ri]1 #bcc4 ,naval ,exhibition1 at ,liv]pool1 9 #ahhf1 #b4 models ( ,italian & ,fr5* %ips at1 #d4 at ,london1 #d4 ,ne!rl&-,india ,/eam%ip ,company1 #bgf4 ,new ,york ,havre ,/eam ,navigation ,co41 #abj4 ,new ,zeal& ,%ipp+ ,company1 #bib4 ,nomadic1 !1 c>ri$ ! l>ge/ am\nt ( freight1 #bcc4 ,noon position ( ! %ip1 f9d+ !1 #agi4 ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd1 e/abli%m5t (1 #be4 %ips (1 #dc4 freight capacity ( ! express /eam%ips (1 #bah4 rapid h&l]s ( freight1 #bdg1 #bfd4 ,obs]vations = latitude at sea1 #agf4 ,ocean ,/eam ,navigation ,co41 !1 #abj4 ,oceanic ,company4 ,see ,:ite ,/> l9e4 ,(fic]s ( a /eam%ip1 #aeb1 et seq4 ,oil = calm+ tr\bl$ wat]s1 use (1 #bac4 ,oregon1 !1 s9k+ (1 #ea1 #aih4 ,ori5t ,/eam ,navigation ,company1 #bff4 ,ormuz1 #bgb4 ,pacific ,mail ,/eam%ip ,company1 !1 %ips (1 #bi1 #bdc1 #bhj4 ,pacific ,/eam ,navigation ,company ( ,engl&1 #bc1 #bhc4 ,packet l9es1 ! ,liv]pool1 #bee4 to ,au/ralia1 #bed4 ,paddle-/eam]1 high-wat] m>k (1 #ca4 ,paddle-:eel comp>$ ) screw1 #gi4 :5 necess>y1 #hj4 ,panama1 #bhc4 ,p>k]1 ,mr41 8 comp>ison ( triple expansion eng9es ) ord9>y ones1 #ci4 ,pass5g] capacity ( ! e>ly /eam%ips1 #aad4 accommodations !n1 #aai4 & n[1 #abg4 ,pass5g] li/s1 #aca4 ,pass5g]s1 cab91 /ati/ics (1 #acc4 ,pe>ce1 ,sir ,william1 ( ! ,fairfield %ip-y>d1 #aaj4 ,p59sul> ,ori5tal ,/eam ,navigation ,company1 !1 #bc1 #bfj4 an imag9>y trip by1 #bfj4 ,p]sia1 !1 description (1 #ca4 ,plimsoll1 ,samuel1 #bea4 ,polyphemus1 ,h4,b4,m4,s41 #ei4 ,pr9ceton1 !1 description (1 #bc4 ,propell]s1 failure (1 int]nal1 #hc4 mat]ial (1 #bad4 ,puritan1 !1 #ga4 ,qu>ant9e regulations1 #adb4 ,qu>t]ma/]s1 duties (1 #afd4 ,r&olph ,eld] ,co4 ,see ,eld]1 ,john1 ,co4 ,r$ ,sea1 ! passage ?r\gh1 #bfi4 ,refrig]ators on /eam%ips1 #bcb4 ,rio ,janeiro1 #bhh4 ,ru?v5's hydraulic propell]1 #hc4 ,saale1 !1 #dj4 ,said1 ,port1 h>bor (1 #bfc1 #bff4 traffic (1 #bfi4 ,sailors1 on a /eam%ip1 #afe1 et seq4 messes (1 #agd4 ,savannah1 ! fir/ /eam%ip to cross ! ocean1 #h4 ,scotia1 !1 #ca1 #cb1 #gc4 ,screw propell]1 us$ by ,ericsson1 #af4 inv5t$ or propos$ by o!rs1 #ag1 et seq4 e>ly prejudice aga9/1 #gi4 comp>$ ) paddle-:eel1 #gi4 tw9 screws1 #dc1 #hj1 #bji1 #bab4 triple screws1 #hj4 =m & nature (1 #hd4 in/ances ( *ange ( =m1 #he4 ,scy?ia1 !1 #ce4 ,s]via1 !1 l>ge/ mail br\ght by h]1 #bca4 ,%aft1 break+ ( a /eam]'s1 #baj4 ,%anghai1 #bhj4 ,%aw1 ,savill ,albion ,company1 !1 #bib4 ,%ip1 inve/igations into ! resi/ance ( a1 9 motion1 #df1 #fc4 ,%ips1 =ms (1 h[ judg$ (1 #fb4 life (1 #ee4 spe$ (1 vision>y s*emes to increase1 #eh4 ! spe$ (1 prim>y conditions =1 #fa4 ,s+apore1 #bgf4 ,sirius1 !1 fir/ /eam] to cross f ,europe to ,new ,york1 #aa1 #aab4 ,sk9 ( %ip1 frictional resi/ance (1 #df1 #hf4 ,smi?1 ,?omas ,pettit1 inv5ts a screw propell]1 #ag1 #ah4 ,sort+ mails on %ipbo>d1 #bca4 ,s\? ,/ack ligh?\se1 #aid4 ,sov]eign ( ! ,seas1 !1 quick run (1 #bed4 ,specie-room on a /eam%ip1 #bca4 ,spe$ ( %ip1 s*emes to increase1 #eh4 conditions =1 #fa4 increases safety1 #bjd4 ,/&>d ,oil ,co41 !1 tank /eam]s (1 #bde4 8,/eam lanes10 #bae4 ,/eamboat _h at fir/ ! greate/ use 9 ,am]ica1 #d1 #bh4 ,/eam%ip1 a fir/-class1 co/ (1 #ib4 con/ruction (1 fir/ /ages1 #ig1 et seq4 v>iability ( results 9 its con/ruction1 #ic4 l9es1 numb] & /ati/ics (1 #ace1 et seq4 records ( fa/ trips (1 #acj4 pass5g]1 table f>e (1 #acf4 incom+1 h[ signall$1 #adb4 haul+ out a1 #adi4 exp]t seaman%ip requir$ to manage a1 #aej4 (fic]s1 junior1 #afc4 fire drill on1 #aed4 c>e (1 at sea1 #aei4 crew (1 #afe4 inspection (1 #agj4 travel1 p]ils (1 #ahf1 et seq4 wreck$1 li/ (1 #aie1 et seq4 burn$ at sea1 #aig4 spe$ ( increases safety1 #bjd4 safety (1 #bje1 et seq4 freight & pass5g]1 #bag4 ,/eam%ips1 ! fa/e/1 co/ (1 #bah4 li/ ( transatlantic1 #bai4 r\tes long1 fir/ e/abli%$ by ,bo/on m]*ants1 #bec2 to ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,au/ralia1 li/ (1 #bff2 traffic ma9 (1 #bef4 numb] & nationality (1 #bef4 l9es ( transatlantic1 #bei4 betwe5 ,europe & ! ,ea/1 #bfj4 ,/eel1 use (1 9 naval con/ruction1 #ed4 indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ef1 #hf4 ,/e]age pass5g]s1 f>e (1 #adc4 inspection (1 #add4 ,/e]+ ge>1 /eam1 #afd4 ,/ev5s1 ,mr41 ( ,hobok51 exp]im5ts (1 ) ! screw propell]1 #ah4 return tubul> boil]s built by1 #cc4 ,/ockton1 ,commodore ,rob]t ,f41 ord]s screw boats ( ,ericsson1 #ag4 ,/oke-hole ( a /eam%ip1 #aga4 ,/ok]s1 at "w1 #agb4 _! qu>t]s1 #age4 ,suez ,canal1 passage (1 #bfi4 ,sunday on /eam%ip1 #adb4 ,tank /eam]s1 #bdc1 et seq4 ,tapscott's l9e1 #bac4 ,teutonic1 breaks ! record1 #dd1 #abi1 #bbi4 tonnage (1 #bcj4 ,?omas ,p[ell1 !1 #cd4 ,tonnage ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahbi & subsequ5tly1 #g4 ( ,london & ,liv]pool1 #h4 ( =eign & dome/ic %ips 9 #ahij1 #bbc4 /eam1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita91 #ec4 ,t[-boats1 /ati/ics (1 #bbc4 ,tramp /eam%ips1 tonnage (1 9 #ahij-ia1 #bbc4 description (1 #bcd4 ,trave1 !1 #dj4 l>ge/ mail c>ri$ by h]1 #bcj4 ,travel1 transatlantic1 increas+1 #acd4 ,trevi?ick oppos$ by ,watt1 #gg4 ,triple-expansion eng9es1 ! fir/1 #ci4 ,tripoli1 ,cun>d /eam]1 loss (1 #aie4 ,tw9 screws1 #dc4 safety secur$ by ! sy/em (1 #bji4 /eam]s hav+1 #bab4 ,unicorn1 !1 fir/ /eam%ip to ent] ,bo/on f ,europe1 #aah4 ,union ,/eam%ip ,company1 !1 #bib4 ,unit$ ,/ates & ,brazil ,mail ,/eam%ip ,company1 #bhi4 ,valp>aiso1 #bhd4 ,v&]bilt1 ,commodore1 />ts a l9e ( transatlantic /eam]s1 #abd4 ,ville du ,havre1 loss (1 #aig4 ,wat]1 resi/ance (1 to a mov+ vessel1 #df1 #dh1 #fc4 ,wat]wit*1 !1 exp]im5ts )1 #hc4 ,watt1 proposes a spiral o>1 #ag4 8 prejudice aga9/ /eam appli$ to m>9e propulsion1 #gg4 ,wave-action 9 ! case ( %ips at full spe$1 #df1 et seq4 ,waves produc$ by a %ip 9 motion1 #dg1 #fa4 ,we/ ,indies1 /eam%ip l9es t\*+ at1 #bij4 8,:aleback0 /eam]1 description (1 #bcd4 ,:eelwright1 ,william1 ! in/igator ( ,pacific ,/eam ,navigation ,co41 #bc4 ,:ite ,/> l9e1 e/abli%m5t (1 #be4 build a new type ( %ip1 #ce4 conv5i5ces = pass5g]s 91 #abf4 ! freight capacity ( ! l>ge/ %ips (1 #bah4 influ5ce (1 on ocean navigation1 #bcj4 ,williams ,guion4 ,see ,guion l9e4 ,wilson l9e1 !1 z freight c>ri]s1 #bai4 ,wilson1 ,?omas1 builds ! fir/ iron vessel1 #ad4 ,_w1 a trip r\nd !1 #bef1 et seq4 ,wreck$ /eam%ips1 li/ (1 #aie1 et seq4 ,wyck(f1 ,*evali]1 a pass5g] on ! ,sirius's return voyage1 #aag4 8,a ref]5ce to ! sev]al titles w conv9ce any "o at all famili> ) ! g5]al subject t ! p>ticul> topic is treat$ 9 e in/ance by an exp]t1 entitl$ z su* to speak ) au?ority40--,,judge ,,?omas ,m4 ,,cooley4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,railway ,,its ,,con/ruction1 ,,developm5t1 ,,managem5t1 ,,& ,,appliances4 ,,writt5 ,,by ,,! ,,mo/ ,,em95t ,,au?orities ,,9 ,,all ,,bran*es ,,( ,,railway ,,"w4 ,! book is divid$ into ! foll[+ *apt]s1 ea* be+ complete & full 9 ! treatm5t ( its subject4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,by ,,judge ,,?omas ,m4 ,,cooley1 ,*airman ( ! ,int]-/ate ,comm]ce ,commission4 ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,a ,,railway4 ,,by ,,?omas ,,curtis ,,cl>ke1 ,civil ,eng9e]4 ,,feats ,,( ,,railway ,,eng9e]+4 ,,by ,,john ,,bog>t1 ,/ate ,eng9e] ( ,new ,york4 ,,am]ican ,,locomotives ,,c>s4 ,,by ,m4 ,n4 ,,=ney1 ,au?or ( ! 8,cate*ism ( ! ,locomotive10 ,editor 8,railroad & ,eng9e]+ ,j\rnals10 etc4 ,,railway ,,managem5t4 ,,by ,,g54 ,e4 ,p4 ,,alex&]1 ,presid5t ,georgia ,c5tral ,r4 ,r4 ,,safety ,,9 ,,railroad ,,travel4 ,,by ,h4 ,g4 ,,pr\t1 ,editor 8,! ,railroad ,gazette40 ,,railway ,,pass5g] ,,travel4 ,,by ,,g54 ,,horace ,,port]1 ,vice-,pres4 ,pullman ,palace ,c> ,co4 ,,! ,,freight ,,c> ,,s]vice4 ,,by ,,!odore ,,voorhees1 ,as/4 ,supt4 ,n4 ,y4 ,c5tral ,r4 ,r4 ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,railway ,,/rikes4 ,,by ,,*>les ,,francis ,,adams1 ,presid5t ,union ,pacific ,r4 ,r4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,fe$ ,a ,,railway4 ,,by ,,b5jam9 ,,norton1 ,second ,vice-,pres4 ,l4 ,i4 ,r4 ,r4 ,,! ,,railway ,,mail ,,s]vice4 ,,by ,,?omas ,l4 ,,james1 ,ex-,po/ma/]-,g5]al4 ,,! ,,railway ,,9 ,,its ,,bus9ess ,,relations4 ,,by ,,ar?ur ,t4 ,,hadley1 ,pr(essor ,yale ,college2 ,au?or ( 8,railroad ,transportation40 ,,e-,,day ,,life ,,( ,,railroad ,,m54 ,,by ,b4 ,b4 ,,adams1 ,,jr41 ,associate ,editor 8,! ,railroad ,gazette40 ,,/ati/ical ,,railway ,,/udies4 ,,by ,,flet*] ,w4 ,,hewes1 ,au?or ( 8,scribn]'s ,/ati/ical ,atlas40 ,) #bbe ,illu/rations1 #ac ,maps1 & #ai ,*>ts1 _m be+ ,color$4 ,a ,full ,index adds mu* to ! ,value ( ! ,volume z a ,book ( ,ref]5ce4 ,sub/antially b\nd 9 ,half ,lea!r1 ,octavo1 #f4jj1 net4 ,= ! fir/ "t !re is pres5t$ 9 ?is book an adequate acc\nt ( ! ,am]ican ,railway1 an indu/ry repres5t+ ov] n9e ?\s& million doll>s 9 its "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& miles ( road4 ,! above enum]ation ( ! subjects1 :i* are treat$ 9 ! volume1 is suffici5t to %[ its value & importance1 & 9 prep>+ x no?+ has be5 left undone :i* might add to ! la/+ value & int]e/ ( ! "w4 8,a l>ge & h&some volume4 ,! v>i\s *apt]s are all by speciali/s well kn[n z au?orities1 ea* 9 8 own field1 & ! in=mation giv51 :ile attractive 9 =m1 may be dep5d$ ^u z entirely tru/wor?y40--,,bo/on ,,beacon4 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,daily ,,life ,a ,,popul> ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,applications ,,( ,,electricity ,,to ,,e ,,day ,,uses ,9 ?is "w1 ! plan ( :i* is simil> to 8,! ,am]ican ,railway0 publi%$ a ye> ago1 are to be f\nd elaborately illu/rat$ pap]s by t5 writ]s :o 7 select$ = _! exp]t acqua9tance ) e phase ( ?is important subject4 ,ackn[l$g$ au?orities 9 _! respective fields1 ^! writ]s h describ$ bo? ! !oretical & practical aspects ( ! diff]5t bran*es ( electrical sci5ce 9 a s+ul>ly ent]ta9+ & in/ructive mann]4 ,! scope & importance ( ! "w are %[n by ! foll[+ li/ ( topics & em95t au?ors3 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,! ,,s]vice ,,( ,,man4 ,,by ,c4 ,f4 ,,brackett1 ,h5ry ,pr(essor ( ,physics 9 ,pr9ceton ,college4 ,,! ,,electric ,,motor ,,& ,,its ,,applications4 ,,by ,,frankl9 ,l4 ,,pope1 ,pa/ ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,electrical ,eng9e]s4 ,,! ,,electric ,,railway ,,( ,,to-,,day4 ,,by ,,joseph ,,wetzl]1 ,editor ( ! 8,electrical ,eng9e]10 ,new ,york4 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,light+4 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,morton1 ,presid5t ( ! ,/ev5s ,in/itute ( ,te*nology4 ,,! ,,telegraph ,,( ,,to-,,day4 ,,by ,,*>les ,l4 ,,buck+ham1 ,pat5t ,attorney & ,c\nsel = ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,co4 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,& ,,lay+ ,,( ,a ,,cable4 ,,by ,,h]b]t ,l4 ,,webb1 ,assi/ant ,electrician1 ,metropolitan ,telephone ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,naval ,,w>f>e4 ,,by ,,walt] ,s4 ,,hughes1 ,lieut5ant ,u4,s4,n4 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,l& ,,w>f>e4 ,,by ,,john ,,millis1 ,fir/ ,lieut5ant1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,! ,,h\sehold4 ,,by ,a4 ,e4 ,,k5nelly1 ,electrician ( ,mr4 ,t4 ,a4 ,edison's ,laboratory4 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,human ,,body4 ,,by ,m4 ,,all5 ,,/>r1 ,m4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,n]v\s ,diseases1 ,college ( ,physicians & ,surgeons1 ,new ,york4 ,) #abe illu/rations1 ,squ>e #hvo1 #c4jj4 ,,*>les ,,scribn]'s ,,sons1 ,,publi%]s1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,brief ,,li/ ,,( ,,books ,,on ,,travel1 ,,exploration ,,& ,,adv5ture1 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,*>les ,,scribn]'s ,,sons1 #gdc #gde ,,broadway1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,rev4 ,james ,bassett4 ,,p]sia2 ,! ,l& ( ! ,imams 7,) ,map4 #abmo1 #a4ej47 8,sc>cely inf]ior1 9 g5]al int]e/1 to ,o',donovan's 8,m]v10 or ,/e*'s two volumes on ,p]sia1 & sup]ior to ei!r 9 int]e/ = a read] conc]n$ 9 ! evangelization ( ! c\ntry4 ,8 pages are cr[d$ ) facts & replete ) indications ( intellig5t obs]vations & natural int]pretations4 ,we h n f\nd a dull page 9 x4 ,x is a small book ) mu* 9 x1 & t mu* good40--,new ,york ,indep5d5t4 ,capt4 ,john ,g4 ,b\rke4 ,,! ,,snake ,,dance ,,( ,,! ,,moquis ,,( ,,arizona4 ,) a ,description ( ! ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ?is ,peculi> ,p 7,) ,color$ ,plates4 #hvo1 #e4jj47 8,a valuable contribution to ! /udy ( native ,am]ican e?nology1 :ile its vivid descriptions ( weird sc5es1 /irr+ incid5ts ( travel1 & *>act]i/ic anecdotes1 make x v agreeable read+40--,london ,academy4 ,william ,t4 ,brigham4 ,,guatemala2 ,! ,l& ( ! ,quetzal 7,) #bf full-page ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 #e4jj47 8,mr4 ,brigham made a v ext5sive trip ?r\gh ,guatemala1 & he br\ght to all t met 8 eye a tra9$ intellig5ce :i* detect$ ev]y?+1 reveal$ & promis$4 ,he disc]n$ & compreh5d$ mu* m ?an any ( ! natives h div9$ or hop$ =1 & 8 book is ! only "o extant 9 any language :i* discloses :at ! ,guatemalan ,republic is or might be40--,new ,york ,sun4 ,h5ry ,w4 ,elliott4 ,,our ,,arctic ,,prov9ce1 ,,alaska ,,& ,,! ,,seal ,,isl&s 7,illu/4 #hvo1 #d4ej47 8,no?+ s complete & satisfactory has ev] be=e appe>$ 9 pr9t 9 ?is c\ntry z ?is absorb+ly int]e/+ & m9utely accurate acc\nt ( ! great ,alaskan ,seal ,isl&s1 & ! book mu/ n[ be reg>d$ z ! /&>d au?ority on #8,our ,arctic ,prov9ce4'0--,*icago ,h]ald4 ,rev4 ,h5ry ,m4 ,field1 ,d4,d4 ,,f ,,! ,,lakes ,,( ,,kill>ney ,,to ,,! ,,gold5 ,,horn 7#hvo1 #b4jj74 ,,f ,,egypt ,,to ,,japan 7#hvo1 #b4jj74 ,,on ,,! ,,des]t 7#hvo1 #b4jj74 ,,among ,,! ,,holy ,,hills 7,) a ,map4 #hvo1 #a4ej74 ,,! ,,greek ,,isl&s1 & ,turkey aft] ! ,w> 7,) ,illu/rations & ,maps4 #hvo1 #a4ej74 ,,old ,,spa9 ,,& ,,new ,,spa9 7,) ,map4 #hvo1 #a4ej74 ,,bright ,,skies ,,& ,,d>k ,,%ad[s 7,) ,maps4 #hvo1 #a4ej74 ,,gibralt> 7,illu/rat$4 #dto1 #b4jj74 8,dr4 ,field has an eye t sees v cle>ly4 ,he kn[s also h[ to describe j ^? ?+s 9 ! diff]5t places visit$ by him :i* an intellig5t man wants to "k ab\t4 ,he has1 besides1 a s+ul>ly cle> & pleas+ /yle1 s t ! att5tion ( 8 read] is nev] = a mom5t deta9$ ov] any obscurity or infelicity ( expression1 b is at once rew>d$ by ! cle> p]ception ( 8 mean+40--,dr4 ,wm4 ,m4 ,taylor4 ,h5ry ,t4 ,f9ck4 ,,! ,,pacific ,,coa/ ,,sc5ic ,,t\r 7,) #bj full-page ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 #b4ej74 ,,spa9 ,,& ,,morocco2 ,/udies 9 ,local ,color 7#abmo1 #a4be47 8,! writ] comb9es v happily ! faculty ( close obs]vation & m9ute description ) real lit]>y skill4 ,?us :ile 8 book conta9s details :i* make x em95tly useful & a s\rce ( exact in=mation1 x is also a pleasurable "w = ! read]40--,! ,*ri/ian ,union4 ,james ,an?ony ,fr\de4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,9 ,,! ,,we/ ,,indies 7,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 #a4ge74 ,,oceana3 ,engl& & ,h] ,colonies 7,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 #a4ge47 8,mr4 ,fr\de is ! ma/] ( an exquisite prose /yle1 & if n a =emo/ ma/] he is v ne> to t rank among liv+ ,engli%m54 ,n s9ce #8,eo!n' captivat$ all its read]s1 n s9ce ,wat]ton n>rat$ ! /ory ( 8 w&]+s1 has ! romance ( travel be5 treat$ ) happi]1 abl]1 or m ent]ta9+ h&s40--,new ,york ,times4 ,william ,h4 ,gild]4 ,,s*watka's ,,se>* 7,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 #c4jj74 ,,icepack ,,& ,,tundra 7,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 #d4jj47 8,no rec5t book gives s vivid an idea ( ! p]ils & h>d%ips :i* necess>ily accompany all attempts at arctic exploration1 z ?is ( ,mr4 ,gild]'s4 ,! acc\nts ( ! p ( ! v>i\s places visit$1 & _! peculi> cu/oms1 %[ ke5 p[]s ( obs]vation z well z skill ( description40--,bo/on ,transcript4 ,g54 ,a4 ,w4 ,greely4 ,,?ree ,,ye>s ,,( ,,arctic ,,s]vice4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,lady ,frankl9 ,bay ,exp$ition ( #ahha-ahhd 7,) ov] #ajj ,illu/rations1 ,maps1 & ,*>ts4 #b vols41 #hvo74 ,sold only by subscription4 8,9 e respect--! int]e/ ( ! n>rative1 ! fullness & accuracy ( ! dep>tm5ts ( e?nology1 ( natural hi/ory1 ( meteorology1 geology1 auroral displays1 ( all matt]s ( sci5tific int]e/--?is "w is incomp>ably ! mo/ valuable "o on ! subject ev] publi%$40--,*icago ,int]ior4 ,william ,elliot ,griffis4 ,,corea2 ,,! ,,h]mit ,,nation 7,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 #b4ej47 8,! "w be>s witness to a va/ am\nt ( well direct$ labor2 & :ile x is clo!d ) a r>e *>m = ! g5]al read]1 ^: curiosity reg>d+ a long isolat$ nation w = ! fir/ "t be satisfi$1 x is also sure ( a respectful & grateful reception f ! /ud5t ( hi/ory1 e?nology1 & philology40--,new ,york ,sun4 ,william ,t4 ,hornaday4 ,,two ,,ye>s ,,9 ,a ,,jungle 7,new ,edition4 #hvo1 #c4jj47 ,,taxid]my ,,& ,,zoological ,,collect+ 7,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 #b4ej net47 8,he describes ) skill & fidelity4 ,"h we h ! hunt]'s sport1 ! naturali/'s descriptions1 & ! travel]'s obs]vations4 ,we ne$ n say t ! comb9ation is r>e & v invit+40--,*icago ,int]ior4 ,a4 ,j4 ,m\nt5ey-,jephson4 ,,em9 ,,pa%a ,,& ,,! ,,rebellion ,,at ,,! ,,equator 7#hvo74 ,sold only by subscription4 8,y h comm5c$ y\r /ory :]e a great gap occurr$ 9 my own n>rative1 a gap :i* y alone c\ld fill up4 ,!re is )9 ! cov]s ( y\r volume mu* matt] t is q new to me1 mu* t is extremely ?rill+ & excit+1 & ! :ole is relat$ ) v enviable lit]>y tact & skill4 ,) all my he>t ,i comm5d to ,am]ican & ,engli% read]s ?is true tale ( "w manfully & nobly done & s mode/ly told40--,h5ry ,m4 ,/anley4 ,c>l ,lumholtz4 ,,among ,,cannibals 7,fully ,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 #e4jj47 8,we h all read ! book ) imm5se int]e/4 ,x is a "w :i* w h a v long life1 = x is full ( wisdom & useful k2 besides1 x repres5ts ev]y?+ s lively be=e ! read]'s eyes t he =gets he is read+ a m]e description1 & ?9ks he is at ! au?or's side1 & %>es ) him ! h>d%ips1 dang]s1 & joys ( a life among cannibals 9 ! wild]ness ( ,au/ralia4 ,! :ole civiliz$ _w mu/ be grateful to y = ?is really wond]ful "w40--,dr4 ,h5ry ,s*liemann4 ,selah ,m]rill4 ,,ea/ ,,( ,,! ,,jordan 7,) ,illu/rations & ,map4 ,new ,edition1 #hvo1 #b4ej47 ,no o!r ,am]ican is s mu* at home 9 ! ,ea/ ,jordan c\ntry z ,mr4 ,m]rill1 & !re does n exi/ 9 any o!r language s mu* fre% & valuable in=mation respect+ x4 ,! illu/rations :i* embelli% ! book are fre% & orig9al1 & ! /yle ( ! n>rative is graphic & ent]ta9+4 ,! "w is exce$+ly int]e/+ z an acc\nt ( exploration 9 ?is field1 ri* 9 hi/oric associations4 ,william ,agnew ,paton4 ,,d[n ,,! ,,isl&s 7,illu/rat$4 ,squ>e #hvo1 #b4ej47 8,an exce$+ly ent]ta9+ book ( travels1 conta9+ ne>ly sev5ty illu/rations1 includ+ sixte5 full-page plates4 ,mr4 ,paton relates :at he has se5 9 ! ,w9dw>d ,isl&s1 f ,/4 ,kitt's to ,tr9idad1 & ) ?is he int]weaves a va/ am\nt ( (ficial & hi/orical in=mation1 yet )\t mak+ ! book a =mal affair4 ,! /ory is highly romantic & makes good read+40--,bo/on ,beacon4 ,w4 ,s4 ,s*ley & ,pr(4 ,j4 ,r4 ,soley4 ,,! ,,rescue ,,( ,,greely 7,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 #b4jj47 8,! "w has be5 s+ul>ly well done4 ,! :ole /ory is told 9 pla9 facts1 pla9ly & intellectually /at$1 & ! adjectives are few4 ,r>ely is a great /ory n>rat$ s simply & yet s effectively40--,n4 ,y4 ,times4 ,dr4 ,h5ry ,s*liemann4 ,,anci5t ,,myc5 7,illu/rat$4 #dto1 clo? extra1 #g4ej74 ,,tiryns 7,illu/rat$4 ,royal #hvo1 #aj4jj74 8,dr4 ,s*liemann has made ! mo/ important contribution ( ! pres5t c5tury to ,greek ar*ology40--,! ,nation4 8,! int]e/ ( ! "w is n conf9$ to ei!r ,engl& or ,am]ica4 ,e enlight5$ nation w welcome x1 = x op5s up a new _w to ! mod]n g5]ation4 ,no "w ( ! "t has attract$ wid] att5tion40--,bo/on ,po/4 ,eug5e ,s*uyl]4 ,,turki/an 7,new ,edition4 #b vols41 #hvo1 #e4jj47 8,"o ( ! mo/ valuable & fasc9at+ ( publications4 ,! au?or has ! eye & p5 ( a j\rnali/1 & sees at once :at is wor? see+1 & recites 8 impressions 9 ! mo/ graphic mann]40--,n4 ,y4 ,_w4 ,h]b]t ,h4 ,smi?4 ,,brazil2 ,,! ,,amazons ,,& ,,! ,,coa/ 7,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 #e4jj47 8,mr4 ,smi?1 an ,am]ican :o has liv$ & travel$ = ! great] "p ( eight ye>s 9 ,brazil1 gives s excell5t an acc\nt ( t c\ntry t we _c regret ?is addition to ! already ext5sive lit]ature ( ! subject4 ,! book is a v successful attempt to pres5t a compreh5sive picture1 drawn bo? f ! exp]i5ce ( ! au?or & f t ( previ\s ,brazilian & =eign writ]s1 ( ! pres5t /ate ( ,brazil40--,london ,academy4 ,h5ry ,m4 ,/anley4 ,,9 ,,d>ke/ ,,africa 7,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 #b vols41 #hvo1 #g4ej47 ,sold only by subscription4 ,,h[ ,i ,,f\nd ,,liv+/one4 7,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 #c4ej47 8,?is is ! noble/ record ( ! a*ievem5ts ( a man ( action :i* ?is g5]ation has kn[n4 ,mr4 ,/anley writes 8 book v mu* z he m>*es ?r\gh ,africa--) ! irresi/ible en]gy ( an imp]i\s w4 ,^! volumes h descriptive passages ( s+ul> excell5ce2 ! /yle is tr5*ant1 vigor\s & cle>2 & ! lit]>y workman%ip is m>k$ly sup]ior to t ( any ( 8 previ\s "w40--,new ,york ,tribune4 ,?omas ,/ev5s4 ,,ar\nd ,,! ,,_w ,,on ,a ,,bicycle 7#bjj ,illu/rations4 #b vols41 #hvo1 #h4jj47 8,?is book w be f\nd v int]e/+4 ,all :eelm5 w want to h ! hi/ory ( ! greate/ bicycle j\rney ev] accompli%$2 ! lov] ( adv5ture w f9d x ri*ly to 8 ta/e2 & ! g5]al read] w f9d 9 ! descriptions ( p]sons1 places & cu/oms 9 f>-(f l&s1 mu* to please & int]e/40--,! ,bo/on ,times4 ,bay>d ,taylor4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,libr>y ,,( ,,travel--,,travels ,,9 ,,japan1 ,,arabia1 ,,s\? ,,africa1 ,,c5tral ,,asia1 ,,c5tral ,,africa1 ,,siam 7,six volumes1 ea* ,illu/rat$4 #abmo1 #a4be47 8,au!nticat$ acc\nts ( c\ntries1 peoples1 modes ( liv+ & be+1 curiosities 9 natural hi/ory1 & p]sonal adv5ture 9 travels & explorations1 sugge/ a ri* fund ( solid in/ruction comb9$ ) delightful ent]ta9m5t4 ,! editor%ip1 by "o ( ! mo/ obs]vant & well-travel$ m5 ( mod]n times1 at once secures ! high "* ( ! #8,libr>y' 9 e p>ticul>40--,! ,sunday ,s*ool ,times4 ,edw>d ,l4 ,wilson4 ,,9 ,,scripture ,,l&s 7,) #aej ,illu/rations f photographs4 ,l>ge #hvo1 #c4ej47 8,"h we h a man ) ! c\rage\s _s ( an explor]1 a good pair ( eyes1 a good cam]a1 & a good lit]>y /yle4 ,we h se5 no "w ( exploration & travel 9 ^? l&s :i* gives s cle> an idea ( !m & ( ! hi/oric rema9s & sc5es z ?is40--,*icago ,int]ior4