,,vol4 ,,xxxiii4 ,no4 #ab4 ,,the ,,american ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 8,to the ,poor the ,gospel is ,preached40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,december1 #ahgi4 ,,contents3 ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting4 ,,paragraphs #cec ,,the ,,financial ,,outlook #ced ,,proceedings #cee ,,general ,,survey #cef ,,report ,,of ,,finance ,,committee #cfh ,,the ,,freedmen4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee ,,on ,,educational ,,work #cfh ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,church ,,work #cgj ,,providential ,,calls3 ,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,strieby1 ,d4 ,d4 #cgb ,,the ,,negro ,,in ,,america3 ,prest4 ,r4 ,h4 ,merrell1 ,d4 ,d4 #cgh ,,church ,,work ,,in ,,the ,,south3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,woodworth #chd ,,africa4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee #chh ,,the ,,mendi ,,country3 ,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,pike #cij ,,the ,,indians4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee #cid ,,the ,,indian ,,question3 ,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,stimson #cie ,,the ,,chinese4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee #dja ,,america ,,and ,,china3 ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,twichell #djb 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,published by the ,american ,missionary ,association1 ,,rooms1 #ef ,,reade ,,street4 99 99 99 99 99 ,price1 #ej ,cents a ,year1 in advance4 ,entered at the ,post ,office at ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y41 as second-class matter4 ,american ,missionary ,association1 #ef ,,reade ,,street1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,president4 ,,hon4 ,e4 ,s4 ,,tobey1 ,boston4 ,,vice-,,presidents4 ,hon4 ,f4 ,d4 ,,parish1 ,ohio4 ,hon4 ,e4 ,d4 ,,holton1 ,wis4 ,hon4 ,,william ,,claflin1 ,mass4 ,,andrew ,,lester1 ,esq41 ,n4 ,y4 ,rev4 ,,stephen ,,thurston1 ,d4 ,d41 ,me4 ,rev4 ,,samuel ,,harris1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ct4 ,,wm4 ,c4 ,,chapin1 ,esq41 ,r4 ,i4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,eustis1 ,d4 ,d41 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,barstow1 ,r4 ,i4 ,rev4 ,,thatcher ,,thayer1 ,d4 ,d41 ,r4 ,i4 ,rev4 ,,ray ,,palmer1 ,d4 ,d41 ,n4 ,j4 ,rev4 ,,edward ,,beecher1 ,d4 ,d41 ,n4 ,y4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,sturtevant1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ill4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,,patton1 ,d4 ,d41 ,d4 ,c4 ,hon4 ,,seymour ,,straight1 ,la4 ,,horace ,,hallock1 ,esq41 ,mich4 ,rev4 ,,cyrus ,w4 ,,wallace1 ,d4 ,d41 ,n4 ,h4 ,rev4 ,,edward ,,hawes1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ct4 ,,douglas ,,putnam1 ,esq41 ,ohio4 ,hon4 ,,thaddeus ,,fairbanks1 ,vt4 ,,samuel ,d4 ,,porter1 ,esq41 ,n4 ,y4 ,rev4 ,m4 ,m4 ,g4 ,,dana1 ,d4 ,d41 ,minn4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,beecher1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gen4 ,o4 ,o4 ,,howard1 ,oregon4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,magoun1 ,d4 ,d41 ,iowa4 ,col4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,hammond1 ,ill4 ,,edward ,,spaulding1 ,m4 ,d41 ,n4 ,h4 ,,david ,,ripley1 ,esq41 ,n4 ,j4 ,rev4 ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,barbour1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ct4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,gage1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ct4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,hatch1 ,esq41 ,n4 ,y4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,fairchild1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ohio4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,stimson1 ,minn4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,strong1 ,d4 ,d41 ,minn4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,stone1 ,d4 ,d41 ,california4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,h4 ,,atkinson1 ,d4 ,d41 ,oregon4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,rankin1 ,d4 ,d41 ,d4 ,c4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,chapin1 ,d4 ,d41 ,wis4 ,s4 ,d4 ,,smith1 ,esq41 ,mass4 ,,peter ,,smith1 ,esq41 ,mass4 ,dea4 ,,john ,c4 ,,whitin1 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,grinnell1 ,iowa4 ,rev4 ,,wm4 ,t4 ,,carr1 ,ct4 ,rev4 ,,horace ,,winslow1 ,ct4 ,sir ,,peter ,,coats1 ,scotland4 ,rev4 ,,henry ,,allon1 ,d4 ,d41 ,london1 ,eng4 ,,wm4 ,e4 ,,whiting1 ,esq41 ,n4 ,y4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,pinkerton1 ,esq41 ,mass4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,graves1 ,esq41 ,n4 ,j4 ,rev4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,noble1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ill4 ,,daniel ,,hand1 ,esq41 ,ct4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,williston1 ,esq41 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,f4 ,,beard1 ,d4 ,d41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,frederick ,,billings1 ,esq41 ,vt4 ,,joseph ,,carpenter1 ,esq41 ,r4 ,i4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,,goodwin1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ill4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,,goodell1 ,d4 ,d41 ,mo4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,scoville1 ,esq41 ,ill4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,blatchford1 ,esq41 ,ill4 ,c4 ,d4 ,,talcott1 ,esq41 ,ct4 ,rev4 ,,john ,k4 ,,mclean1 ,d4 ,d41 ,cal4 ,rev4 ,,richard ,,cordley1 ,d4 ,d41 ,kansas4 ,,corresponding ,,secretary4 ,,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,strieby1 ,d4 ,d41 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,district ,,secretaries4 ,,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,,woodworth1 ,boston4 ,,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,,pike1 ,new ,york4 ,,rev4 ,,jas4 ,,powell1 ,chicago4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,,esq41 ,treasurer1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,strieby1 ,recording ,secretary4 ,,executive ,,committee4 ,,alonzo ,s4 ,,ball1 ,a4 ,s4 ,,barnes1 ,,geo4 ,m4 ,,boynton1 ,,wm4 ,b4 ,,brown1 ,c4 ,t4 ,,christensen1 ,,clinton ,b4 ,,fisk1 ,,addison ,p4 ,,foster1 ,s4 ,b4 ,,halliday1 ,,samuel ,,holmes1 ,,charles ,a4 ,,hull1 ,,edgar ,,ketchum1 ,,chas4 ,l4 ,,mead1 ,,wm4 ,t4 ,,pratt1 ,j4 ,a4 ,,shoudy1 ,,john ,h4 ,,washburn1 ,g4 ,b4 ,,wilcox4 ,,communications relating to the work of the ,association may be addressed to the ,corresponding ,secretary2 those relating to the collecting fields to the ,district ,secretaries2 letters for the ,editor of the 8,american ,missionary10 to ,rev4 ,geo4 ,m4 ,boynton1 at the ,new ,york ,office4 ,,donations ,,and ,,subscriptions may be sent to ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,treasurer1 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york1 or when more convenient1 to either of the ,branch ,offices1 #ba ,congregational ,house1 ,boston1 ,mass41 or #aab ,west ,washington ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,a payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a ,life ,member4 ,,the ,,american ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vol4 ,,xxxiii4 ,,december1 #ahgi4 ,no4 #ab4 99 99 99 99 99 ,american ,missionary ,association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is a real source of regret to us that all our news from the field must be omitted for this month4 ,next month we shall be flooded with good tidings1 we hope1 from all quarters4 99 99 99 99 99 ,friends sending us remittances will please address ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,esq41 ,treasurer1 he having been promoted from the ,assistant and ,acting ,treasurership on the retirement of ,edgar ,ketchum1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,ketchum still remains on the ,executive ,committee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by a mistake at the ,chicago newspaper offices1 the name of ,mr4 ,samuel ,holmes was omitted from the list of our ,executive ,committee as printed by them1 and that of ,mr4 ,andrew ,lester retained4 ,the facts are just the other way4 ,mr4 ,lester having resigned1 was made a ,vice-,president1 and ,mr4 ,holmes is still a member of the ,committee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,,missionary is this month devoted to the reproduction of the ,annual ,meeting4 ,we wish all our readers could have been there to learn of our work1 our situation and our prospects1 and to gain those enlarged views of the duty and the opportunity which lie before us in all directions4 ,this grouping of proceedings and papers is the best substitute we can offer4 ,we print the annual survey of the ,executive ,committee nearly in full1 rather than in abstract1 as heretofore1 as giving that general view of the work1 without which it cannot be appreciated in its extent and variety4 ,instead of covering several pages with the formal minutes of the ,annual ,meeting1 we condense them into a shorter compass1 as giving equal information in a more readable form4 ,the ,annual ,report1 when published in full1 will1 of course1 contain these as well as the reports of the ,committees in detail4 ,we have maintained our general division of the field1 prefixing the reports of the several committees to the papers and addresses on the cognate subjects1 by this classification making the whole more valuable for reference and use4 ,we thus propose to send the annual meeting to those who could not go to it1 regretting still that the enthusiasms and impressions of a great assembly cannot be transmitted by types and ink4 ,we regret the necessity which has compelled us to abridge somewhat almost all the reports and papers following1 but the limits of a double number are easily reached with so much material at hand4 ,we have omitted entirely the valuable paper by ,general ,leake1 on 8,protection of ,law for the ,indians10 because it has been printed in full in both the ,inter-,ocean and the ,advance1 and because it is so long and yet so compact that it cannot be condensed4 ,it is well worth most careful study4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are under obligations to our denominational newspapers for their full and faithful reports of our meeting4 ,the ,advance1 in its regular edition and in an extra1 gave full copies of the most important documents and papers read1 for which we have secured a wide circulation2 while the ,congregationalist1 through its editorial correspondent1 devoted a large part of its first page to the report of the meeting1 printed the larger part of the annual report on its third page1 and in its leading editorial spoke good words of commendation for the ,association1 and of exhortation to its friends4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,financial ,,outlook4 ,our work has1 in the successful termination of the year1 reached an important crisis4 ,we should be sorry to have any one think1 because the debt and the expenses of the year have been met1 that we are1 therefore1 about to retire from business and rest from our labors4 ,on the other hand1 we are just ready to go to work4 ,it has taken a good share of our strength to carry this back-load2 and we have been crippled at the front by the insufficiency of the buildings for our largest institutions4 ,we have been walking as men walk on the ice1 holding back lest we should venture too far and make some bad slip4 ,but that is all1 we trust1 of the past4 ,god has been good to us4 ,we have prayed for deliverance and we have worked to be free1 and prayers and alms have come up together before ,god1 and prayer is always effectual when accompanied with such proofs of sincerity4 ,now we are free to work4 ,our feet are on the solid rock of solvency4 ,the ,lord has established our goings4 ,the way is open before us and the work lies ready to our hand4 ,our schools in the ,south of all grades are opening this year fuller than ever4 ,several churches are waiting to be recognized and put upon the pilgrim foundation4 ,the completion of the new building in ,austin1 ,texas1 and of the four we hope soon to build at other points1 will give increased and much needed accommodations4 ,those who met at ,chicago urged us to enlarge the missionary schools among the ,chinese on the ,pacific ,coast2 and the new departure in attempting the education of ,indian youths at our negro schools offers us opportunities of more permanent influence in that direction than we can hope for in any other way1 while the tribes are subject to be moved at will from one reservation to another4 ,the ,african ,missions1 new and old1 are both calling upon us for attention and expense4 ,what is the financial outlook for all this8 ,shall we be able to meet these various calls with anything like adequate efficiency8 ,we answer1 with a look of inquiry1 ,friends1 it depends on you4 ,but our expression of inquiry turns to one of confidence as we remember what you have done4 ,we expect to do this larger work2 for evidently ,god calls us to it1 and ,his friends have never failed us yet4 ,we are encouraged1 too1 by the beginnings of the year4 ,our receipts for the month of ,october and the beginning of ,november are larger than a year ago4 ,but1 do not forget1 they need to be so all through the year4 ,we will be as wise and saving in the expenditure as we can2 but we can be far more wisely economical on an income which is reasonably adequate to the needs of the work1 than on a very scanty one4 8,the destruction of the poor is their poverty10 says the wise man4 ,keep us in mind then and in heart1 we pray you1 that we may all realize that ,god has brought us out into this liberty that we may serve ,him and our generation better4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,proceedings ,,at ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting4 ,the meeting place was the spacious ,first ,congregational ,church of ,chicago4 ,at #c p4 m4 of ,tuesday1 ,october #bhth1 ,president ,tobey assumed the chair1 and ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,bidwell1 of ,new ,york1 conducted the opening devotional services4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,merrill1 of ,iowa1 and ,rev4 ,george ,c4 ,adams1 of ,illinois1 were elected ,secretaries4 ,the ,annual ,report was read by ,rev4 ,george ,m4 ,boynton1 and the ,treasurer's ,report by ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,esq4 ,in grateful response to their cheering character the congregation rising sang1 8,praise ,god1 from whom all blessings flow40 ,the hour following was observed as a concert of prayer with the pastors and teachers in the ,southern field4 ,in the evening ,dr4 ,r4 ,s4 ,storrs1 of ,new ,york1 preached a grand discourse from ,psalm cxviii4 #bc1 8,this is the ,lord's doing2 it is marvelous in our eyes40 ,president ,strong1 of ,minnesota1 and ,dr4 ,robbins1 of ,iowa1 conducted the other services4 ,during the evening the following greeting was received by telegram and read by ,secretary ,strieby3 8,the ,prudential ,committee and the ,executive ,officers of the ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,f4 ,m4 congratulate the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 upon the successful termination of their year's labor1 and bid them ,god-speed in their work for the coming year40 ,,alpheus ,,hardy1 ,chairman4 ,on the next morning the following response was adopted by a rising vote3 8,the ,a4 ,m4 ,a41 assembled at its thirty-third anniversary1 receive with grateful appreciation the congratulations of the ,prudential ,committee and ,executive ,officers of the venerable ,american ,board1 and with thanks to ,god for the recent enlargement granted to the ,board1 pray for the continued ,divine blessing on its glorious and expanding work40 ,m4 ,e4 ,,strieby1 ,secretary4 ,dr4 ,goodwin1 of ,chicago1 then led in an earnest prayer for the blessing of ,god upon the two societies and their common work4 ,tuesday evening ,secretary ,strieby read a paper entitled 8,providential ,calls10 and ,president ,merrell1 of ,wisconsin1 on 8,the ,providential ,significance of the ,negro in the ,united ,states40 ,these will be found in this ,,missionary4 ,field ,superintendent ,roy gave 8,a ,field ,view of the ,work40 ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,twichell1 of ,connecticut1 read a paper on 8,the ,relations of ,america and ,china10 of which we reprint a portion4 ,in the afternoon a paper on 8,the ,necessity of the ,protection of ,law for the ,indians0 was read by ,gen4 ,j4 ,b4 ,leake1 of ,illinois4 ,these papers were referred each to the committee having charge of the cognate subject4 ,the ,finance ,committee reported through ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,scoville1 approving the management of the ,association and calling upon the churches to increase their contributions to its treasury1 so that now freed from debt it might do a greater and a better work4 ,the report was followed by remarks from ,hon4 ,e4 ,s4 ,hastings1 ,geo4 ,bushnell1 ,d4 ,d41 and ,hon4 ,e4 ,d4 ,holton1 of ,wisconsin4 ,rev4 ,henry ,a4 ,stimson reported for the ,committee on ,indian ,missions1 and followed the report with an able address1 giving a sketch of the causes of the various ,indian wars4 ,an animated discussion followed4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,richards read the report of the ,committee on ,church ,work1 and was followed by ,district ,secretary ,woodworth and others4 ,the ,committee on ,educational ,work reported through its chairman1 ,prest4 ,a4 ,l4 ,chapin1 of ,wis41 followed by ,professors ,willcox and ,chase1 and ,rev4 ,messrs4 ,bray1 ,boynton and ,foster4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,ross1 of ,mich41 reported for the ,committee on ,chinese ,missions1 following the report with a brief address1 and followed by ,rev4 ,mark ,williams1 of ,china1 ,jee ,gam and others4 ,dr4 ,dana1 of ,minn41 reported on ,african ,missions for the ,committee4 ,he also1 ,district ,secretary ,pike1 and ,dr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,goodwin1 made addresses4 ,for these reports in full or in part we refer to the following pages2 and for the officers elected for the coming year1 to the inside of the first cover4 ,the morning prayer meetings were led by ,rev4 ,james ,brand1 of ,ohio1 and ,m4 ,m4 ,g4 ,dana1 ,d4 ,d41 of ,minn4 ,the ,lord's ,supper was administered on ,thursday afternoon by ,f4 ,bascom1 ,d4 ,d41 of ,ill41 and ,rev4 ,thomas ,jones1 of ,mich4 ,at this service a contribution was taken1 amounting to #dcg4df1 for the ,trinity ,school at ,athens1 ,ala41 for which a special plea had been made in the morning4 ,president ,fairchild and ,col4 ,c4 ,g4 ,hammond presided at the morning and afternoon sessions of ,thursday respectively4 ,a most interesting meeting was held on ,wednesday evening1 when1 after prayer by ,dr4 ,geo4 ,n4 ,boardman1 of ,illinois1 addresses were made by ,jee ,gam1 a converted ,chinaman1 and now one of our teachers in ,oakland1 ,cal42 by ,big ,elk1 a converted ,indian1 from the ,omaha ,reservation1 who was accompanied by ,rev4 ,mr4 ,dorsey1 who acted as his interpreter1 and by ,rev4 ,james ,saunders1 a negro minister4 ,these three told the story of their own religious experiences and life4 ,prest4 ,alexander1 of ,la41 and ,dr4 ,roy1 of ,ga41 followed1 and pointed the illustration of this one humanity and one ,gospel4 ,thursday evening the closing session was held1 at which ,mr4 ,m4 ,h4 ,crogman1 a graduate of ,atlanta1 and now ,professor in the ,methodist school at ,nashville1 ,tenn41 made an address which1 by the vigor of its thought and the eloquence of its expression1 was a sufficient illustration of the capacities of his race4 ,president ,tobey and ,f4 ,a4 ,noble1 ,d4 ,d41 also addressed the meeting4 ,resolutions of thanks to the ,first ,church and its pastor1 the people and press of ,chicago1 and the railroads which had given especial facilities1 were passed4 ,a few last words from ,dr4 ,goodwin1 and the benediction from ,dr4 ,savage1 of ,chicago1 and the ,association adjourned for another year4 ,it would not be right to omit the notice of the ,ladies' ,meeting held in the church parlors on ,wednesday afternoon4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,blatchford presided1 and the large assembly was addressed by ,mrs4 ,prof4 ,spence1 of ,fisk ,university1 and ,misses ,parmelee and ,milton1 teachers at ,memphis1 ,tenn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,general ,,survey4 ,from the ,annual ,report of the ,executive ,committee4 ,the report opens with brief obituary notices of ,rev4 ,simeon ,s4 ,jocelyn1 a ,secretary of the ,society for many years and more lately a member of the ,committee2 and of ,rev4 ,william ,patton1 ,d4 ,d41 and ,rev4 ,george ,thacher1 ,d4 ,d41 ,vice-,presidents2 of ,miss ,laura ,s4 ,cary and ,mrs4 ,anna ,m4 ,peebles1 valued teachers1 and ,miss ,rebecca ,tyler ,bacon1 associated with ,hampton in its early days1 who have also died during the year4 ,these may be found in full in the forthcoming ,annual ,report volume4 ,,the ,,freedmen4 ,the varying fortunes of the ,freedmen through the year have added another illustration to the many which combine to show that an uneducated mass of men is always an uncertain quantity in the national problem4 ,that these once slaves in the ,south have been wronged and abused there can be no doubt4 ,advantage has been taken of their ignorance in contracts for labor1 and in the manner of their pay4 ,they have been misled and intimidated in the attempt to exercise their right of franchise4 ,it would be useless to deny the facts4 ,the thousands who have left their homes and associations in ,mississippi and ,louisiana for the chances of new settlement in ,kansas1 are witnesses as powerful in their silence as in their speech4 ,they have not gone for nothing4 ,we have no apology to offer for those who have made it impossible for them to remain in peace1 and who have sought by force to keep them from departing4 ,but1 on the other hand1 it becomes us to remember that these evils spring not so much from local as from general causes4 ,the same wrongs are perpetrated and endured1 to some extent1 wherever there are similar states of society4 ,ignorance is always at a disadvantage1 whether it wants to work or to vote4 ,it is always in bonds to some power and will beyond its own4 ,new ,york1 and perhaps even ,chicago1 knows something of abused labor and a controlled vote4 ,the local causes which increase the evil may need thorough treatment1 but that is not ours either to prescribe or to administer4 ,it is the general cause which we may consider1 and to which we are directing all our energies--not to the restraint or punishment of those who do the wrong1 but to the removal of the ignorance which gives such large occasion for the wrong4 ,for our work is foundational and steady4 ,amid all social and political changes the need for it remains unchanged4 ,we are not engaged in pulling up the shallow roots of weeds1 nor in planting flower-beds with annuals1 but in sub-soiling our ,southern fields1 and so preparing the ground for crops of better quality from year to year4 ,the only permanent guarantee against the abuse of any race or class1 either ,north or ,south1 is the diffusion of ,christian intelligence among the abused1 and of the spirit of ,christian love among those who abuse them4 ,this is our work4 ,we have no word of criticism for those who have chosen to remove to another ,state4 ,liberty of emigration is one of the most unquestionable rights of freemen4 ,but there is no charm in the name of ,kansas which will make the ignorant or the timid either wise or brave4 ,let the masses of the colored race be once armed with intelligence1 and they can stay or go with equal impunity4 ,without it they will be anywhere at the mercy of either force or fraud4 ,nor is the work of the ,association to be limited by any local changes among the ,freedmen4 ,the removal of seven thousand men1 women and children from so vast a population leaves no noticeable void2 nor1 even if the proportions of this exodus shall reach the highest numbers at which it has been estimated1 will it perceptibly diminish the millions of a race which is year by year increasing in numbers and in thrift4 ,the only plea which these facts make to us is1 that we redouble our efforts to forge for them the armor which alone can be their complete defence4 ,the ,association has not1 therefore1 felt itself called upon to divert its efforts to the field thus newly occupied4 ,if1 as the outcome of this movement1 there shall be permanent and large settlements of the colored people in new localities1 it may become needful for us carefully to consider the claim which they may make on us for such service as we are trying to render their brethren in the ,south4 ,we have cheerfully forwarded such gifts of money and clothing as have been entrusted to us to local agencies1 in which we had reason to have the greatest confidence1 for the relief of the present distress1 and have kept ourselves to our main work4 ,,educational ,,work4 ,our eight chartered institutions1 in the eight leading ,states of the ,south1 ,virginia1 ,kentucky1 ,tennessee1 ,georgia1 ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 ,louisiana and ,texas1 have continued to do thorough and faithful work4 ,one has been added to the number of our normal schools1 making twelve in all4 ,twenty-four common schools have been aided--six more than the previous year4 ,the total number of schools of all grades has been #dd4 ,we have had in all #aij teachers in the field2 of these #aj have also fulfilled the duties of matrons1 #f have been connected with the business department1 and #aa have been pastors of churches1 but all have been actively engaged in teaching4 ,the total number of pupils has been #g1bjg--;almost exactly the number reported a year ago4 ,these have been distributed as follows3 ,primary1 #b1gci2 ,intermediate1 #a1die2 ,grammar1 #fcc2 ,normal1 #b1jbb2 ,collegiate ,preparatory1 #afi2 ,collegiate1 #fc2 ,law1 #bh2 ,theological1 #hf4 ,this shows an increase in the professional schools1 a decrease in the collegiate1 and over #ejj more in the normal department than last year4 ,the reports of the quality of the work thus accomplished have been most encouraging4 ,greater regularity of attendance has been attained than ever before1 and the ambition to keep up with the classes entered has been marked4 ,the same persistence in overcoming obstacles to entrance arising from poverty and distance from the schools which marked previous years1 has been no less conspicuous during that just passed4 ,the range of study and instruction has been much the same as heretofore4 ,the work of the class-rooms has been too good to need to be materially altered4 ,the industrial and practical training has been that in which there has been the most marked improvement and expansion4 ,how to work is quite as important a branch of knowledge for the colored boys and girls as how to teach4 ,indeed1 that they maybe able to teach others how to work is a large part of their vocation4 ,how to behave themselves on the farm1 in the shop1 in the work-room1 sick-room and the kitchen1 is as needful for them to know as how to behave themselves in the school-room and in the church of ,god4 ,this training is receiving more and more wise and thorough attention1 and we are sending out young men and young women better and better fitted to be the teachers and leaders of society1 as well as of the school4 ,our schools and teachers have been evidently growing in favor and esteem1 both with the colored and white people of the ,south4 ,a most noticeable instance of the attachment of the colored population to the schools1 and their appreciation of their value1 was given very recently at ,athens1 ,alabama4 ,it became necessary to give up the school at that place1 or to rebuild at an expense of not less than #e1jjj1 which latter it was deemed impossible to do4 ,word to that effect was sent to ,athens4 ,the grief of the people was intense4 ,it did not1 however1 expend itself in tears1 but became motive power4 ,they offered themselves to erect the needful building1 pledged over #b1jjj at once1 and by gifts of labor and material provided fully for it1 and are at work upon it now4 ,they propose to make brick sufficient for its completion1 and a surplus to exchange for the lumber which will be required4 ,they are all at it4 ,a blind man1 who can do nothing else1 offered to turn the crank to draw the water4 ,whether they will be able1 in their extreme poverty1 to accomplish all they have undertaken1 yet remains to be seen2 but such zeal in a good thing is surely worthy of special notice4 ,when the colored people attempt to co-operate with us to such an extent1 we cannot desert them4 ,the school will go on4 ,during this year it appeared to the ,committee that a sufficient fund had been accumulated to warrant at least a beginning of the permanent building for the ,tillotson ,normal ,institute1 in ,austin1 ,texas4 ,the foundation is already laid1 and the contract drawn for the enclosure of the building4 ,this great ,state1 with its rapidly increasing population of colored people1 and its insufficient provision for their education1 demands the earliest possible completion of this building1 and the equipment of the institution for efficient work4 ,with the four buildings completed the previous year at ,mobile1 ,new ,orleans1 ,macon and ,savannah1 we are now in possession of better and more permanent equipment for our school work than ever before4 ,but it is yet quite insufficient for its pressing need1 which is most felt in the necessity of enlarged provision for boarding pupils1 for it is1 after all1 in those who are thus brought under the continuous influence of their teachers1 and away from the debasing surroundings of cabin life1 that the best results of mental and religious training are realized4 ,the call for such relief has been continuous and increasing in its urgency2 but we have been obliged almost to deny it a hearing in the poverty and pressure of these past years4 ,the near future will1 however1 we trust1 do much to relieve this long-felt want1 through the generous gift to the ,association of #aej1jjj by ,mrs4 ,daniel ,p4 ,stone1 of ,malden1 ,mass41 from the estate of her late husband1 of which1 though it is not yet in our possession1 we have been fully assured4 ,in accordance with the expressed wish of the donor1 this money is to be used in the erection of buildings at ,nashville1 ,atlanta1 ,new ,orleans and ,talladega4 ,these buildings will largely increase the accommodations of these institutions for the class of pupils which has been named1 and will greatly diminish the percentage of expense for their education1 as but few additions to the corps of teachers already in the work will be required4 ,in these normal and collegiate institutions it is the variety of studies rather than the number of students to which the teaching force must be adapted4 ,we may add fifty per cent4 to the number of pupils1 and need to add only five per cent41 perhaps1 to the number of teachers4 ,there can be no more acceptable gift than that of these new buildings for well-established schools--none which will so add to their effectiveness4 ,a few school buildings belonging to the ,association have been1 of late years1 rented to local school boards1 in cases where greater good could be accomplished for those for whose use they were intended than by retaining them in our hands4 ,it has been a saving to our treasury1 a widening of their usefulness1 and a bond of fraternity between the friends of education ,north and ,south4 ,we may only1 in passing1 refer to the beginning in the accumulation of valuable libraries made in some of our institutions4 ,there is yet room for much needed enlargement of this important branch of our educational service4 ,two things yet remain to be done that our schools may be placed upon a permanent and satisfactory basis1 and these are adequate provision for the maintenance of professorships and of scholarships4 ,we have been compelled to confine ourselves chiefly to making appropriations for the salaries of teachers1 simply because without them there could be no schools at all4 ,this was the one thing indispensable from the very start4 ,but1 increasingly1 the need of student aid makes itself manifest4 ,gifts have been secured from churches1 ,sunday-schools and individuals for this purpose1 and more money must be raised from similar sources4 ,yet it is evident that this must not be taken from the fund by which the teachers are sustained4 ,that would be to increase the number of applicants1 and1 at the same time1 to close the doors at which they seek admission4 ,we must not try to lengthen the skirts of our coats by cutting them off at the shoulders2 they will fall off from us altogether if we do that4 ,this is our problem3 both to maintain our teachers and to support more students4 ,it cannot be solved by any process of subtraction4 ,can it be done in any other way than by addition to our income8 ,and it must be done1 if we are to make our work tell as it ought upon the vast negro population of the ,south4 ,to overcome the obstacles which stand at every step in the way of attaining the thorough education needed by those who are to be the leaders of their people1 demands a power of will and an energy of perseverance such as few individuals of any race possess1 unless they are assisted all along the way4 ,the origin and surroundings of these colored students must be continually borne in mind4 ,they have nothing to help them in the homes from which they came2 nothing to help them in the prevailing sentiment of the white people toward them2 the fewest possible openings for such remunerative labor as is ready for white students in similar conditions1 and checks on their ambition of every sort4 ,nor is it strange that they lack that stamina which generations of culture and self-restraint impart4 ,their help1 both moral and material1 must come from us1 and those who1 like us1 believe that they can be and should be thoroughly trained before they are sent forth to lay foundations for the upbuilding of their race4 ,student aid must be freely and systematically given1 or our higher schools will accomplish their beneficent design at great disadvantage1 and only to a very limited extent4 ,but the glory of our schools and colleges is more than in all else in their religious character and influence--that they are ,christian schools and missionary colleges4 ,indeed1 they are so completely at one with the church work that it is difficult to draw a line between the two departments1 and to tell where the one ends and the other begins4 ,a few particulars may best illustrate the influence of faithful ,christian instruction and example4 ,of #eb graduates of ,atlanta1 #ej at graduation were professing ,christians1 and none have fallen away4 ,later we hear1 8,all the members of the classes to be graduated now profess to be ,christians40 ,a revival is reported during the year1 and not less than #cj conversions4 ,fisk reports several additions to the ,college church at every communion1 and as many more of those converted there to other churches4 ,at ,talladega we hear of 8a precious work of grace2 #cg were received into the church4 ,all but two of the girls1 and all but four of the #de young men1 who are boarding scholars1 are professing ,christians40 ,the pastor at ,hampton writes3 8,nowhere can teachers be found more earnestly evangelical1 laboring often beyond their strength to bring souls to ,christ4 #aa of the ,indian students were1 in ,march1 received into the ,college church40 ,at ,berea1 the graduates of this year are all professing ,christians4 ,these are examples of the good accomplished and reported4 ,in several of the lower schools1 also1 we hear of many being brought to ,christ4 ,nor are these ,christian students idle in the ,master's vineyard4 ,they go out to their school work in vacation time1 and have learned as they go to preach4 ,the help which was given1 the previous year1 to lengthen the short terms of a few common schools1 thus furnishing employment for our student teachers1 was thought to be fruitful of good results by our best and most experienced instructors4 ,it has been deemed wise to somewhat enlarge the work in that direction4 #ajh teachers from ,fisk1 in #ahgg1 taught #i1ccb pupils4 ,over #aj1jjj pupils1 during the year #ahgh1 are estimated to have been taught by those educated at ,atlanta4 ,on this basis1 we feel justified in estimating that at least #aej1jjj pupils have been reached by our present and former students during the year4 ,they also go out to do ,sunday-school and missionary work on the ,lord's day4 ,talladega reached #a1bjj ,sunday-school scholars through its students during the last year1 and in all the years some #bj1jjj4 ,a high educational official testifies that the students of ,tougaloo 8almost invariably start ,sunday-schools as soon as they open their day-schools40 ,so the seed is sown not by the way-side1 nor on the rock1 nor among the thorns1 but where it 8also beareth fruit and bringeth forth1 some an hundred-fold1 some sixty1 some thirty40 ,a few words1 by way of bridging over to our church work1 as to our ,theological ,departments4 ,they are four--at ,nashville1 ,talladega and ,new ,orleans1 which are ours altogether1 and at ,washington1 where we continue to share the support of the ,theological ,department of ,howard ,university with the ,presbytery of that city4 ,there are #hf students in these schools1 of which number nearly one-half are at ,howard ,university4 ,they are sending out ministers1 well trained both intellectually and spiritually1 into our churches and those of other denominations4 ,,the ,,church ,,work4 ,the present number of churches in connection with the ,association is sixty-seven4 ,these are supplied with pastors1 some of them white ministers of experience and culture1 who1 for health's sake1 are glad to be in the ,south2 others1 young and earnest men1 who prefer to devote themselves to work among the lowly2 others still are colored men1 who have been educated in our own or similar institutions1 and who are doing good work among their own people4 ,some of these are also principals or teachers in the schools1 thus doing double duty4 ,the number of church members is #d1fjj1 of whom #gde have been added during the year4 ,this work has been under the supervision of ,dr4 ,roy4 ,it has been a time for making acquaintance with the men and the field1 but his first visits have been full of service in quickening and counselling those on the ground1 and in correspondence with the administrative force at home4 ,three new churches have been established during the year--at ,shelby ,iron ,works1 ,ala41 at ,cypress ,slash1 ,ga41 and at ,flatonia1 ,texas4 ,after a careful survey of the material and opportunity1 we are neither prepared to rush in and organize new churches wherever it may be possible1 nor to abandon the field as unfitted to our polity4 ,we could probably buy up a hundred churches within a year at #ajj apiece1 and then should be worse off than when we began1 loaded down with useless burdens4 ,there is nothing in the nature of the ,south or in the character of the negro by which the people of that region or that race are unfitted to be good ,congregationalists4 ,it only demands intelligence and the power of self-control4 ,where these have been developed by ,christian education there is readiness and preparation enough4 ,hitherto our churches have flourished under the shadow of our schools and of their graduates4 ,but as the sun goes toward the west the shadow broadens1 and the field for churches of our order is enlarged4 ,there are some half dozen localities now waiting and ready to organize ,congregational churches1 to which our ,field ,superintendent will give early attention and assistance4 ,discriminating and timely help at such points will accomplish far more in the end than rapid and ill-considered assistance4 ,too many churches1 both ,north and ,south1 die early1 because born too soon4 ,we design and purpose to extend this work as fast1 and only as fast1 as we may do it with the hope of permanent results4 ,a goodly number of these churches report religious interest during the year1 and1 indeed1 some of them are engaged in seasons of special effort and ingathering at this time2 for in the ,south--strange as it may seem to us--the summer gives an interval from farm work which is often and successfully devoted to special ,christian effort4 ,a letter just received informs us of such a series of meetings in one of our churches in ,north ,carolina1 with a congregation of #bjj1 who bring their lunch and stay from morning till afternoon1 and often till the evening service too4 ,the impression made by these churches upon ministers who went among them for the first time last winter was very noticeable1 and their testimony agrees as to the decorum1 as well as fervor1 of their colored congregations4 ,nor are they without the witness to their progress1 which is indicated by efforts looking toward their self-support and a participation in the general work of missions4 ,these all have ,sunday-schools connected with them1 in which are gathered #f1bai scholars1 besides which some of our teachers are engaged in ,sunday-schools connected with other ,christian churches4 ,the cause of temperance receives constant attention in both schools and churches4 ,juvenile and adult organizations are found in nearly all of them1 and the young men and women go out pledged1 not only to abstain themselves1 but to make it part of their mission to persuade others to follow their example in this respect4 ,to the six ,conferences into which our churches were organized one has been added during the past year--that of ,north ,carolina4 ,the ,georgia ,conference takes the place of that of ,south-eastern ,georgia4 ,the ,congregationalism of the ,south is thus fully associated4 ,the meetings of these bodies are full of interest4 ,their discussions are practical and admirably sustained4 ,their fellowship is cordial and ,christian1 and their spiritual power is in some cases remarkable4 ,the ,south-western ,conference1 this year held at ,new ,iberia1 ,la41 was signalized by the quickening and reviving of the churches represented1 and by the conversion of fifty souls4 ,councils are called for ordination of pastors from time to time1 and in all customary ways the churches mutually advise and help each other4 ,we should be greatly remiss did we not call attention also to the work done in the homes of the colored people by devout women who have given themselves to this missionary work4 ,the need of such work can easily be imagined1 but cannot be appreciated fully without a knowledge of the facts4 ,at ,memphis1 ,tenn41 ,atlanta1 ,ga41 ,miller's ,station1 ,ga41 ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 etc41 faithful visitations have been made from house to house1 and ,bible-reading1 cottage prayer-meetings1 practical instruction1 and occasional temporal relief1 have been administered by lady missionaries1 while many of our lady teachers have cheerfully engaged in similar work1 so far as their engagements would allow4 ,no general organization of ,northern women has been attempted in this behalf1 but of their own motion circles have been formed at ,detroit1 ,mich41 ,waukegan1 ,ill41 ,oberlin1 ,ohio1 and other points1 whose object it has been to provide the expenses for these messengers of mercy4 ,the work1 though limited in its extent1 has been fruitful of good results4 ,before leaving this hurried review of the ,southern field1 we are happy to say that our corps of workers1 as a whole1 has never been more admirably efficient than now4 ,there are fewer changes in the force from year to year than formerly1 and those who have just gone for the first time into these schools and churches are men and women of superior intelligence and character4 ,we look for grand work and great results1 through ,god's blessing on their labors in the coming year4 ,,africa4 ,about the beginning of the current year1 the ,rev4 ,floyd ,snelson1 who was at the head of the ,mendi ,mission1 was obliged to return to this country on account of the health of his wife4 ,we greatly deplored his loss1 as we trusted much to his wisdom and experience for a wise administration of our work in that far land4 ,to ,rev4 ,a4 ,p4 ,miller were committed the position and responsibilities thus vacated4 ,he1 with ,rev4 ,a4 ,e4 ,jackson1 and their wives1 ,dr4 ,james and ,mr4 ,white1 constituted then our missionary band4 ,on the #acth of ,february1 ,elmore ,l4 ,anthony was sent1 via ,liberia1 to join them4 ,his various experiences as a slave1 a soldier and a student1 had fitted him to take special charge of the industrial work at ,avery1 though we believed him to be as much a missionary in spirit as those who had preceded him4 ,he was submitted to a severe medical examination1 and pronounced sound in health2 for we have concluded that those only of unimpaired health should be exposed to the debilitating influences of a tropical climate4 ,he has so far fulfilled all our expectations4 ,we have just sent another missionary to the field4 ,nathaniel ,nurse1 a native of ,barbadoes1 who has resided already in ,liberia five years1 and who has been maintained at ,fisk ,university for the last two years by ,english and ,scotch friends1 sailed on the fourth of this month4 ,he has shown much enterprise in the past1 which we hope will be effectively applied to the missionary work on the ,west ,coast4 ,our force consists then1 at present1 of these six men and the wives of two4 ,the men have endured the climate wonderfully well1 having suffered only temporary disabilities1 and having been laid aside but little from their work4 ,mrs4 ,miller and ,mrs4 ,jackson have not been as well1 perhaps1 because they were not in as firm health before leaving this country1 but have not been compelled1 as yet1 to leave the ,mendi coast1 even temporarily4 ,last year we had but a single church to report1 of #dd members1 at ,good ,hope ,station4 ,since that time a church has been organized also at ,avery4 ,these two churches now include a membership of #he1 and have #aij ,sunday-school scholars in connection with them4 ,the school at ,good ,hope ,station has been in a condition of growing prosperity1 and has enrolled during the year #bde scholars1 with an average attendance1 as collated from the monthly returns1 of #aef4 ,at ,avery the school has been small1 the children being frequently diverted by their parents to work of various kinds4 ,about a dozen children have been taken into the ,mission ,home to be educated under permanent ,christian influences4 ,a school has also been sustained at ,debia1 and a preaching service4 ,the industrial work has been carried on with energy1 the mill and property have been put in better order1 some #af laborers have been employed in the saw-mill1 the coffee plantation is beginning to be productive1 and we trust that this arm of the service will prove increasingly a means of education to the natives and a help in the support of the mission4 ,our missionaries have not been content with merely maintaining the work as they found it1 but have been exploring the interior to study opportunities for its enlargement4 ,they found the people peaceable and friendly1 and open to their approach not only1 but inviting their permanent settlement4 ,it is their plan to use native ,christians for preaching at out-stations as far as they may be able4 ,our missionaries have had to labor under the disadvantage of a very limited experience in organizing and carrying on either church or school work4 ,they all went directly from the college to the foreign field4 ,they have made fewer mistakes of judgment than might have been anticipated4 ,we regard this experiment of ,african missionaries to ,africa as practically solved4 ,their endurance of the climate and their general success in the work are evident4 ,more and more clear to us1 from year to year1 is the connection between our work on the ,american and the ,african continents4 ,and now1 while our original mission field is again becoming fruitful under these new conditions1 the question is brought to us in a way we cannot refuse to consider4 ,shall we1 in addition to this1 undertake a new field upon the other side of the 8,dark ,continent08 ,the generous offer made by ,robert ,arthington1 of ,leeds1 ,england1 of #c1jjj1 to this ,association1 to aid in the establishment of a mission between the ,nile and the ,jub1 and from the #ajth parallel of north latitude down almost to the equator1 compelled us1 early in the year1 to examine the field and the possibility of undertaking it4 ,a large committee1 through books and travellers1 made as thorough investigation as was in their power1 and were supported by the ,executive ,committee1 as a whole1 in regarding the proposed location as offering advantages in accessibility over almost any of the new fields recently opened in equatorial ,africa2 but they delayed any distinct acceptance of the proffer until this fund should be swelled from other sources to not less than #ej1jjj4 ,in this state of abeyance the whole matter remained until a very recent date4 ,dr4 ,o4 ,h4 ,white1 the ,secretary of the ,freedmen's ,missions ,aid ,society in ,great ,britain1 has been sanguine as to the willingness of the ,english and ,scotch brethren to further aid us in the establishment of the proposed mission4 ,he has already received contributions to a considerable amount for this object1 and at the last regular meeting of our ,committee1 after careful discussion1 the following resolution was unanimously passed3 8,voted1 that on condition of the receipt of #c1jjj from ,mr4 ,robert ,arthington1 of ,leeds1 as offered to us by him1 for the establishment of a new mission in ,eastern ,africa1 and of a like amount from the ,british public1 raised through the efforts of ,dr4 ,o4 ,h4 ,white1 the ,association pledges itself to devote thereto the sum of #bj1jjj1 and with the blessing of ,god and the assistance of the friends of ,africa in ,great ,britain and ,america1 to undertake permanently to sustain that mission40 ,the ,committee were encouraged to take this step by the fact that the debt of the ,association was no more an obstacle1 that several thousand dollars were already in hand from the ,avery estate1 bequeathed for this very purpose1 and by other1 as they thought1 evident leadings of ,providence in this direction4 ,and now if these conditions be met1 and this new work at no distant day be fairly entered on1 the ,mendi ,mission on the ,west1 and the ,arthington ,mission on the ,east1 will support one another in their plea to ,christian ,england and ,america for generous and prayerful sustentation4 ,our foreign work will thus be more complete than it can be with but a single mission1 and we shall be able to present a wide field for the generous devotion and self-consecration of the sons of ,africa now in this land4 ,this new field is among the real heathens1 unclad1 and with their native barbarism made worse by all the atrocities of a slave-hunting ground4 ,that evil is1 providentially1 fast passing away4 ,during the past year ,col4 ,c4 ,g4 ,gordon has overcome the mightiest of the slave traders1 and his large and desperate force4 ,when the influence of the ,arab invaders is withdrawn1 with their unnatural stimulation of tribal wars and the ready market they afford for human beings1 other of the native kings1 under the influence of even a few ,christian men1 will follow the example of ,mtesa1 who has lately forbidden the sale of slaves in his dominions under pain of death4 ,so the ,lord has set before us an open door1 and no man can shut it4 ,shall we not go in and set up our banners in the name of ,immanuel8 ,,the ,,indians4 ,the ,indians still remain under the care of the ,department of the ,interior4 ,we believe that the ,administration earnestly desires the promotion of their true interests1 but the grievous wrongs under which they have so long suffered still continue to be visited upon them1 and will so long as an impossible policy is attempted to be carried out by an insufficient force4 ,the question as to the legal status of the ,indian is now before the courts4 ,until his rights there1 and to hold property by a secure tenure1 are established1 he will be exposed to provocations which we cannot expect him to bear in silence4 ,to us was assigned1 several years ago1 the nomination of six ,indian ,agents1 who were to report to us as well as to the ,united ,states ,government4 ,we trust that this work has been to the advantage of these tribes1 as our agents have1 with perhaps a single exception1 maintained good character and reputation amid all the temptations of that trying life4 ,and yet our relations to the ,department are not what we could wish them to be4 ,in four of the six agencies where we make nominations1 changes have been made necessary during the past year4 ,in two of them agents have been appointed by the ,department without our nomination or approval1 so that we have no longer any responsibility for the agencies at ,red ,lake1 ,minn41 or ,green ,bay1 ,wis41 nor have we1 under these circumstances1 the same motive as at first to secure good men for these places1 when they may be so easily removed1 or our nominations thrown aside for others backed by another kind of influence4 ,our missionary at ,s',kokomish1 ,rev4 ,myron ,eells1 is still patiently pursuing his good work4 ,he is pastor of the church of #bc members1 and has three other preaching stations4 ,in these four the attendance upon public worship is nearly #bjj2 #aaj children are in the ,sunday-schools2 #abh families are under his pastoral care4 ,mr4 ,eells has travelled among the neighboring people1 and diffused his influence over a wide area4 ,a new element in work for the ,indians has been the educational work at ,hampton4 #gg ,indian boys and #i ,indian girls have spent the year at the ,institute1 contented and studious1 and responding to patient and skillful teaching with marked and steady progress4 ,during the summer a number of them gained great credit to themselves by their good conduct on the farms and in the families of ,massachusetts among which they were distributed4 ,it is hoped that the number of girls allowed to enjoy these privileges may be considerably increased4 ,captain ,pratt has obtained permission to do a similar work at ,carlisle1 ,pa4 ,the great feature of the advantage in this training is the continuous influence under which these students are held4 ,it is indispensable to the best work as ,christian educators of those who are not helped by their home life4 ,our experience is the same among the ,freedmen1 the native ,africans and the ,indians4 ,it may be1 in the providence of ,god1 in this direction1 that the ,indian work of the ,association is to be pursued and enlarged in the future4 ,the ,committee recommend1 for the present at least1 co-operation with ,general ,armstrong in the work he has so well begun in this direction4 ,the result of his experience1 thus far1 is his decided conviction that 8there is no better way to elevate the ,indians than in negro industrial schools40 ,an effort in this direction promises greater results1 for the same expenditure of money1 than the attempt to found new missions among the ,indians4 ,,the ,,chinese ,,in ,,america4 ,the condition and numbers of the ,chinese on the ,pacific coast1 after all the various agitations of mob1 and ,state1 and ,national ,congress1 have not been materially altered4 ,the sand lots have still echoed with the blasphemies of ,kearney and his followers1 and even some of the churches1 with scarcely less vigorous proclamations1 that the ,chinese must go4 ,california has adopted a new ,constitution1 though the question whether its ,chinese provisions are constitutional is yet unanswered4 ,it discourages immigration1 imposes conditions on resident ,chinamen1 forbids their employment by any corporation1 and requires cities to remove them beyond their bounds or locate them within prescribed limits2 and1 finally1 both houses of ,congress1 yielding to political pressure1 in the presence of the resident ,minister of the ,chinese ,government1 ignored its solemn treaty1 and declared that no ship should bring to this shore more than fifteen ,chinese immigrants at any one time4 ,we have to thank the ,president of the ,united ,states for the veto which alone prevented this action from becoming law4 ,and yet the ,chinaman is1 on the ,pacific coast1 in numbers not increasing1 but not materially diminishing4 ,he does not come1 because he can do better elsewhere4 ,he does not go1 because he has not yet attained the object of his coming4 ,meanwhile1 several ,chinamen have1 during the year1 been naturalized in other ,states1 and the force has thus been broken of the decision that1 being neither white nor black1 he cannot be allowed to vote4 ,our work has not diminished in our twelve schools under the superintendency of the ,rev4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,pond4 ,only three less pupils 7#a1dhi7 have been enrolled than the year before4 #beb has been the average attendance all the year through2 #ba teachers are now in the service1 including #e ,chinese helpers2 #hd gave evidence of conversion during the year1 while #acg have renounced idolatry4 ,mr4 ,pond says3 8,the total number of whom we have cherished the hope that they were born of ,god1 from the beginning of our work until now1 cannot be less than #bce4 ,the ,congregational ,association of ,christian ,chinese has now #aih members1 of whom #dd were received the past year40 ,we believe that this work1 with that of our ,presbyterian and ,methodist brethren on the ,pacific coast1 is both acceptable to ,god and approved of men4 ,,finances4 ,we come now to the statement of our financial history and condition4 ,with profound gratitude to ,him to whom the silver and the gold belong1 and with renewed confidence in those to whose stewardship he has entrusted it1 we make this record3 7#a47 ,the expenses of the year have been fully met2 7#b47 ,the debt of the ,association is entirely extinguished2 7#c47 ,on the #ast of ,october the balance in our treasury amounted to #a1dge4ij4 ,it is sixteen years since the ,association has been reported free from debt4 ,the expansion of its work1 which the changes effected by the war imperatively demanded1 involved us in these unpaid obligations1 which increased upon us almost yearly until1 in #ahge1 our debt was over #if1jjj4 ,then came the turning point4 ,it was diminished by a little over #c1jjj during #ahgf2 in #ahgg it was reduced by about #ca1jjj1 to #fb1hjj4 ,last year #be1jjj more of it was liquidated1 leaving1 at the beginning of this year1 #cg1chi4gi4 ,and now we are able to say that that whole amount is paid4 #bh1hjh4fg have been sent us for that express purpose4 ,the balance has come from our general receipts from the living and the dead4 ,and this has been paid in cash4 ,we began to fear that our constant plea in this behalf was injuring the support of our regular work1 and last year we set apart1 to cover it1 a residue of western lands of sufficient value2 but the debt is absolutely gone now and not balanced against anything1 and that property is free to be converted to other uses4 ,the total income of the year has been #bae1dca4ag--nearly #bj1jjj more than that of the preceding year4 #ae1jjj of this increase is1 however1 from bequests which have amounted to #ej1jcd4af4 ,for the ability to make these cheering statements we thank ,god1 and in the remembrance of ,his past goodness we take courage4 ,it looked an almost impossible thing that that great debt of nearly #ajj1jjj should have disappeared1 and that in these 8hard times40 ,but the way to know the goodness of ,god is to try some hard thing in ,his name4 ,to ,him be the praise4 ,we would not leave the false impression1 however1 on the minds of any1 that these years of retrenchment have been easy years for us1 or that the past twelve months have been free from causes for anxiety4 ,twice during the year we have been #aj1jjj behind last year's receipts or this year's needs4 ,we were greatly perplexed in our unwillingness to increase the old debt or to incur a new one1 when1 in one case1 a large gift1 and in the other a large legacy1 lifted us over the shallows and enabled us to set sail again rejoicing4 ,,conclusion4 ,and now what is the significance of our present condition8 ,we are out of debt4 ,we have the promise of a far better equipment for our work in the way of buildings4 ,the ,mendi ,mission is fairly manned1 and1 we trust1 on the way to a new and wide usefulness4 ,the ,freedmen call for all the aid we can supply4 ,all motives of love for self1 for country and for ,god conspire to urge us to increase our efforts for their ,christian education4 ,africa is stretching out its right hand now1 as well as the left1 which we have been trying so long to fill1 and ,christian ,england comes to help us answer the plea4 ,it has been demonstrated at length that our ,southern schools may help to solve the ,indian as well as the ,negro problem1 and the ,chinaman is yet at our western gate4 ,is not the voice of ,god to us like that ,he spoke through ,moses to those who had just escaped the taskmasters of ,egypt8--8,speak to the children of ,israel1 that they go forward40 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,finance ,,committee4 ,the ,committee on ,finance1 to whom was referred the financial statement of the ,association for the fiscal year ending ,september #cj1 #ahgi1 as presented by the ,treasurer1 beg leave to report that1 in the discharge of the duty assigned to them1 your committee have carefully examined the accounts of the ,treasurer1 including a detailed statement of receipts and disbursements1 also a statement of endowments and a full list of all the property owned by the ,association1 the correctness of which have been fully certified to by the ,board of ,auditors appointed by the ,executive ,committee4 ,the total receipts of the ,association for the year have been #bae1dca4ag4 ,the cost of collecting1 including the salaries of the ,district ,secretaries and all other expenses connected with their offices1 has been #e-hd_/ajj per cent4 of the amount received4 ,the cost of publication1 including the distribution of #be1jjj copies per month of the ,,american ,,missionary1 has been #d-ac_/ajj per cent41 and the cost of administration #d-ig_/ajj per cent4 ,your committee are impressed with the care1 fidelity and economy shown in all departments1 and can suggest no way of reducing the percentage of expenses except by enlarged contributions4 ,it costs just as much time and just as much paper to acknowledge the receipt of #ej as it does of #ajj4 ,if the patrons of the ,association will double their contributions they will lessen the percentage of expenses one-half4 ,after long years of struggle the ,association is now out of debt and ready for an advance4 ,the machinery is in order1 and the motive power necessary to keep it in motion is the earnest prayers of ,god's people and a liberal supply of the money which is so rapidly finding its way to our shores4 ,in view of the grand work which has been done and the still greater work to be accomplished1 your committee desire to urge upon the friends of the ,association the necessity for a large increase of contributions the coming year1 so that the missionaries and laborers in this good cause may 8go forward40 ,,jas4 ,w4 ,,scoville1 ,,samuel ,,hastings1 ,,geo4 ,,bushnell1 ,,chas4 ,l4 ,,mead1 ,w4 ,g4 ,,hubbard1 ,,joseph ,h4 ,,towne1 ,w4 ,j4 ,,phelps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,freedmen4 ,,rev4 ,,jos4 ,e4 ,,roy1 ,d4 ,d41 ,,field ,,superintendent1 ,,atlanta1 ,,ga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,educational ,,work4 ,report of the ,committee on ,educational ,work in the ,south4 ,after speaking of the importance1 the providential and varying character of the work1 the report concludes3 ,as now conducted1 the agencies of the ,association are directly concerned with all grades of instruction1 embracing common day schools1 boarding schools1 normal schools1 chartered colleges1 theological and other professional schools2 blending also with mental1 moral and spiritual culture the teaching of industrial occupations1 and a training in good manners and right behavior in all relations4 ,it seems best that the work should continue to have this multifarious character1 that it may mold the whole life of this race as it rises into free manhood and full citizenship1 and bring a positive religious influence to qualify the whole movement4 ,nevertheless1 it is to be desired and expected that1 in the progress of events1 the way will be open for systems of public instruction to be introduced and maintained at the ,south which will provide for the primary education of negroes as well as white men1 and so in time relieve the ,association of much of its elementary work4 ,in this matter our wisdom is to fall in with the indications of ,providence1 with no special anxiety either to hasten or to hinder the steps of the movement1 but to do our utmost to prepare the way for wise and right action when it comes4 ,as a missionary society we must for a long time give chief attention to the education of teachers and preachers for the colored people4 ,that must be done at the ,south1 for ,christianity and civilization can never be regarded as fully established among a people till from among themselves1 in their own home country1 are drawn out trained teachers1 leaders and ministers of religion4 ,our normal schools1 colleges and theological seminaries must1 therefore1 absorb1 in large measure1 the vigorous efforts and resources of this ,association1 that the foundations of these institutions may be strengthened and their courses of instruction advanced and improved1 and especially that aid maybe judiciously extended to the young men and women who come out of great poverty to seek the advantages of these institutions and to offer themselves for the service of ,christ among their own people4 ,the report very fitly emphasizes this last-named need1 and we do earnestly commend it to the consideration and timely beneficence of our churches4 ,the report shows unmistakable tokens of the ,divine favor to this department of our work during the last year4 ,notwithstanding the pressure of hard times and the embarrassment of debt on our ,association1 the work has been steadily maintained1 the number under instruction has been kept up1 and in the normal schools largely increased2 the standard of scholarship in the higher institutions has been advanced2 strong testimonials of appreciation of the quality of the education given from ,southern men of standing and influence1 and from ,northern visitors1 have been multiplied2 and above all1 ,god1 by the precious work of ,his ,spirit on the souls of students in nearly every one of the institutions under charge of the ,association1 has owned this work1 and taken it into full identification with the plan of ,his redeeming providence4 ,for all this let our devout thanks be given to ,him who permits us to co-operate in ,his good work of mercy for a lost world4 ,as we enter on a new year of this missionary labor1 the signs are full of encouragement and hope4 ,the ,association is free from debt1 with money in its treasury4 ,a ,christian lady has pledged a large benefaction for providing much needed material accommodations for this educational work2 the rising sentiment of our nation is demanding new guarantees for the rights of the oppressed ,freedmen2 old obstacles to the work are giving way1 and the return of financial prosperity gives promise of larger means at the disposal of our churches for the ,master's work4 ,may we not hope1 also1 that a fresh baptism of the ,holy ,ghost upon the churches1 upon the executive officers of the ,association1 and upon the whole working force of missionaries1 teachers and helpers on the field1 may inspire all with a new spirit of holy consecration1 and lead on this educational work in a movement1 fresh and strong1 towards the consummation which we seek and which the ,lord designs8 ,for this let us fervently pray4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,chapin1 ,g4 ,b4 ,,willcox1 ,,geo4 ,m4 ,,boynton1 ,,thos4 ,n4 ,,chase1 ,j4 ,,brand1 ,s4 ,d4 ,,cochran4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,church ,,work4 ,report of the ,committee on ,church ,work in the ,south--,abbreviated4 ,the annual report of the condition and work of churches in the ,south under the care of this ,association gives occasion for gratitude and encouragement2 for1 while the numbers in themselves seem not large1 we are to remember that the work is comparatively a recent one4 ,in #ahfd there were but four churches under the fostering care of this body2 in #ahfi1 only twenty-three2 while now they have grown to sixty-seven1 with #d1fjj members2 #gde of these members were added to the churches during the past year1 and #he per cent4 of the additions were on profession of faith4 ,it is much to have #f1bai pupils in ,sunday-schools1 being drilled in the first principles of ,divine truth and into a better knowledge that religion must mean righteousness4 ,and when we remember that the #g1bjg scholars in the other schools are all under positive religious influence of the sort we are accustomed to1 and the #aej1jjj pupils taught by teachers who have been trained in the schools of the ,american ,missionary ,association are indirectly receiving something of the same influence1 we must feel that the religious work of this ,association in the ,south is a large one4 ,a thoroughly good work has been done during the year in 8edifying the churches10 building them up into a sturdier virtue1 more rational views1 and a more intelligent zeal4 ,they are evidently growing in the features of a healthy church life4 ,at several points there has been very encouraging progress in the matter of self-help1 in building churches and supporting the ministry--a point of prime importance in the development of self-respect and manly ability4 ,there has been an awakened interest and effort in the temperance reform1 aiding to correct vices which have been the ,freedmen's besetting sins4 ,there has been a marked improvement in the homes of the colored people1 influenced by the personal visitation of devout and sympathetic women who have gone ,south for this very purpose4 ,following this hint1 it is suggested by some that perhaps ,christian colored women1 trained in our institutions1 of tried discretion and tact1 maybe found fitted for a similar work among their own class1 and may find a large usefulness opening to them as city missionaries4 ,these churches1 too1 in the expression of fellowship at formal ordinations1 and in the wide-awake meetings of their seven conferences1 have done something to promote that spirit of co-operation which the colored man needs to learn4 ,but while we must give special care to the nurture and training of these infant churches1 and while it were to the last degree unwise to rush into every opening and organize new churches indiscriminately at every point where it may easily be done1 it is an important question whether the time has not arrived when we may wisely do more in this direction than hitherto4 ,we have fortified our strategic points and entrenched ourselves in educational fortresses that form a cordon of arsenals all around the field1 to supply material of war4 ,shall we not now deploy the troops to feel the way forward1 and1 pushing out from our base of supplies1 begin to occupy the land8 ,a variety of reasons easily suggest themselves for giving greater prominence to this part of the work4 ,the educational needs of the colored race seemed to demand it4 ,with unquestionable wisdom this ,association lays chief stress upon its educational work in the ,south2 but it should not be forgotten that the ,church is a leading factor in that work4 ,the schools help the churches4 ,twenty or more of the churches are in more or less close connection with the colleges and schools of this society1 and they are among the best and the most flourishing4 ,the more the negro is educated the better he likes our style of religion1 and the better he makes it work4 ,moreover1 the young ministers we are training need them as fields4 ,and now that we are raising up a conscientious1 godly and well-instructed class of pastors1 where shall they find flocks unless this ,association gathers them8 ,again1 ,dr4 ,strieby's admirable paper last year showed that wherever these churches exist1 the thrift and material prosperity of the colored man is greatly increased4 ,he gains in self-respect1 economy1 foresight1 patience4 ,he has a better home and more money1 and is every way more of a man4 ,now thrift is a potent civilizer1 and if we would help the negro in this respect we can do it largely through the churches4 ,it is to such churches1 too1 that we may look for recruits for that great missionary work in the dark continent which now begins to open before the ,christian world with such magnificent opportunity4 ,we look for new ,livingstones among our colored brethren of the ,south1 and there is a call for them4 ,the eyes of ,english missionary societies are fixed upon the open door of ,africa1 and it seems probable that they will want to send out and support all the well-qualified colored missionaries we can furnish4 ,but this cannot be done unless there is a greatly increased missionary spirit among the colored people themselves2 and to cultivate this missionary spirit we need more churches4 ,nor will it do to excuse ourselves from this work on the plea that there are other churches in the ,south to which the negro1 by immemorial traditions and long association1 is better accustomed1 and still others which may be at first more attractive to him than ours4 ,the question is not1 what would the untutored negro prefer1 but what will best secure his development and help him to a nobler life and character4 ,the other method of argument would surrender him to the ,roman ,catholics at once4 ,as a matter of fact1 the introduction of these churches of the pilgrim sort is found to have worked well in two directions4 ,it improves our somewhat frigid method to be warmed up with the ,african ardor2 and it improves the negro to be toned down and disciplined to self-control by our methods4 ,a sound1 healthy religious life has been developed in many of our churches in ten years1 which could not have been developed in fifty years in those churches where the ebullient spirit of the negro is allowed to run to riotous excess unchecked4 ,it is a noteworthy fact also that our churches have had a large influence upon the other churches about them4 ,they have been recognized as presenting a higher type of piety and character4 ,their quiet methods of worship have made the boisterous methods of their neighbors unfashionable4 ,their higher moral standards have been a tonic to the conscience in the others4 ,they have set the negroes to clamoring for an educated ministry4 ,while1 then1 we would not multiply churches for the mere sake of multiplying them1 we deem the time opportune for laying new stress upon this part of the work4 ,we would increase our constituency in the ,south in ,christian churches which shall share with us in the work of education and in home missionary endeavor1 and in the newly-opening foreign field2 and we would ever remember that to elevate the negro we must keep him in the glowing presence of the cross1 red with the heart's blood of ,divine love1 and of the crown1 which may be his as well as his white brother's1 in that great kingdom where there is neither white nor black1 but where 8,christ is all and in all40 ,c4 ,h4 ,,richards1 ,f4 ,p4 ,,woodbury1 ,a4 ,p4 ,,foster1 ,f4 ,,bascom1 ,j4 ,f4 ,,dudley1 ,d4 ,,peebles1 ,u4 ,,thompson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,providential ,,calls4 ,,by ,,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,strieby1 ,d4 ,d4 ,it is just a third of a century since the ,american ,missionary ,association was organized4 ,that period has been crowded with stirring events1 working marked changes at the time in the opinions and history of mankind1 and pregnant with other and far-reaching consequences4 ,in no respect has this been more true than in regard to the races for whose benefit the ,association was mainly formed4 ,thirty-three years ago slavery ruled in ,america with the iron hand1 and with the purpose and prospect of enlarged sway2 now the slaves are free1 and the far-reaching consequences of that event are but beginning to be realized4 ,thirty-three years ago tropical ,africa was almost as much unknown as in the days of ,herodotus and ,ptolemy2 now its great central lakes have been traced and mapped1 the great mystery of the ,nile sources has been solved1 and ,stanley has traversed the continent from ,zanzibar to the mouth of the ,congo4 ,the far-reaching consequences of these discoveries to commerce and to ,christian civilization we have not yet begun to realize4 ,the ,american ,missionary ,association was called into existence to take some humble part in these events4 ,the wisdom of its existence was recognized at the outset by the few only2 by the many--even of good men--it was regarded with indifference or hostility4 ,we that took part in those stirring times find it difficult now to recall their intense earnestness--the inexorable control exercised by slavery over the pulpit1 the press and the forum1 the unbounded anxiety of conservative people to avoid or to crush the agitation1 and their utter impatience with those who persisted in it4 ,on the #gth of ,march1 #ahej1 ,daniel ,webster made his famous speech in support of the ,fugitive ,slave ,law1 and it is humiliating to recall the fulsome eulogies of that speech that came from pulpits and theological seminaries1 as well as from politicians and merchants1 and it arouses anew a sense of indignation to think of the intimidation attempted toward those who opposed that infamous law4 ,but there were men in all the churches and in both political parties who were fully aroused to the guilt and danger of slavery--who felt that the hour had come when1 through all opposition and danger1 they must press for its overthrow4 ,among these persistent agitators were not only such stalwart leaders as ,john ,quincy ,adams and ,william ,lloyd ,garrison1 but a large number who may be represented by our late and honored brother1 ,rev4 ,simeon ,s4 ,jocelyn1 who1 though one of the gentlest1 most amiable and most cautious of men1 yet possessed a conscience so unclouded1 and a sympathy with the slave so strong1 that no fear of consequences could deter him4 ,such ,god-fearing men had no commission merely to denounce and destroy4 ,their call was to aid in spreading a ,gospel untinctured with the guilt of slavery1 polygamy or caste prejudice4 ,they strove earnestly to induce the most honored and loved of missionary boards1 with which they had heretofore co-operated1 to throw off all responsibility for slavery and its attendant vices4 ,in this they were unsuccessful1 and as they could neither cease to labor and contribute for missions1 nor work with societies which they believed to be chargeable with that responsibility1 they could do no otherwise than form one that should be free from it4 ,in this way1 and from this motive1 the ,american ,missionary ,association came into existence4 ,it was formed in no spirit of captiousness or fault-finding2 not for discussion1 but for work in the ,master's vineyard4 ,hence it soon established missions abroad--in ,africa1 ,siam and among the recently emancipated slaves in the ,west ,indies2 at home--among the white population of the ,west1 the ,indians1 and1 even at that early date1 among the ,chinese in ,california1 the refugees from slavery in ,canada1 and in the ,slave ,states themselves4 ,among the dark memories of those early days were the infidel tendencies in the anti-slavery ranks4 ,the reformers were so goaded by the indifference and opposition of the orthodox churches that some of them retaliated with bitter denunciations against ,christianity itself4 ,from the outset the ,american ,missionary ,association took decided ground against this tendency and in favor of evangelical religion1 and this not vaguely nor without temptation to swerve4 ,at the convention in ,albany in which the ,association was organized1 an influential ,unitarian suggested the probable sympathy and aid of that wealthy denomination if the platform could be made sufficiently broad and 8liberal0 to admit of co-operation4 ,its response was given in its constitution1 which required 8,evangelical sentiments0 as a condition of membership2 and that there might be no mistake as to what it meant by 8evangelical10 a star note was appended giving its explicit definition--a creed as commendable for its brevity as its sound orthodoxy4 ,the elder ,dr4 ,tyng once said3 8,i love the ,american ,missionary ,association because it is true to ,christ as well as to the slave40 ,thus launched1 and with this flag at its mast-head1 the ,association responded to its first call1 and sped on its way1 till from the terrific storm-cloud of war there sounded forth its second call4 ,that next providential call was to the work among the ,freedmen4 ,it was so recent1 and the response is so fresh in mind1 that a brief rehearsal will suffice4 ,abraham ,lincoln voiced the sentiment of the ,north when he said that the war was carried on to save the ,union4 ,god revealed ,his own purpose to be not that only1 but also to free the slave4 ,it was not two months after the first cannon shot fell on ,fort ,sumter till the escaping slaves found their way to ,fort ,monroe1 and the force of circumstances1 in spite of all reluctance1 compelled their recognition as free men4 ,those escaping fugitives began their march from ,egypt to ,canaan4 ,a few scattered bands headed the column1 but soon its numbers swelled till the proclamation of emancipation1 like the words of ,god to ,moses at the banks of the ,red ,sea1 said to four and a half millions of people1 8,go forward40 ,when the sea opened to them and closed upon the armies of their oppressors1 they were free2 but they were1 and are still1 in the wilderness4 ,yet two lines of spontaneous enthusiasm broke forth--that of the ex-slaves for learning1 and that of the ,north to supply it4 ,in that day there was no longer a question as to the need of the ,american ,missionary ,association1 or of the wisdom of its existence4 ,it was complimented with having 8builded wiser than it knew40 ,churches and individuals chose it as their channel for reaching this new field of patriotic and ,christian labor4 ,the ,boston ,council of ,congregational ,churches of #ahfe recognized it as having been providentially raised up for the hour1 and voted a call to the churches to give it #bej1jjj for the year4 ,the ,association promptly met this new responsibility1 and organized the necessary measures for collecting funds at home and abroad1 and with so much success that when the year was ended its treasury had received a little more than the great sum named4 ,it has since moved forward with larger resources and a larger work4 ,its income for the fourteen years from its organization till the war began averaged #dj1haj4eg per annum2 for the fourteen years since the war1 #bgi1bfi4ah per annum4 ,a third call comes to the ,association--the call of this hour4 ,the early enthusiasm in the ,freedmen work subsided4 ,this new call springs from no sudden revival of that enthusiasm1 but rather from that 8sober second thought0 that follows the reaction from it1 and which comes from the pressure of hard1 stern facts4 ,i cannot1 therefore1 explain the present aspect of affairs without reverting to the cause of that decline of interest4 ,the zeal of ,christian people slackened when they found the work among the ,freedmen could not all be finished in fifteen or twenty years4 ,this was the general expectation at the outset1 strange as it may seem--nay1 amusing1 if the mistake were not so serious4 ,the orthodox and well-ordered ,christian man has no doubt of the need of perpetual help for the ,west1 and he cheerfully aids it through the accredited channels1 the ,bible1 ,tract1 ,sunday-school1 ,education1 ,college and ,church ,building ,societies1 and especially the honored ,home ,missionary ,board2 though those ,western settlers have behind them the culture of more than a thousand years1 with the personal education of ,new ,england homes1 schools and churches1 and also the business training among the shrewd and thrifty people4 ,but these ,negroes1 who have behind them only untold ages of barbarism and oppression1 and whose homes are huts1 whose schools are few1 whose ministers are ignorant1 who have no capital and no business training--when these people loom up before this good ,christian man1 he is amazed and discouraged if a few years1 a few books and a few teachers do not end all responsibility for them4 ,his creed in regard to them is as brief as his patience1 and may be given in the words of the poet3 8,they need but little here below1 ,nor need that little long40 ,in like manner the well-ordered citizen lost his enthusiasm for the ,freedmen4 ,he had been so long under the strain of anxiety about the war that he was weary of it and of everything that reminded him of it4 ,then there followed a succession of events in regard to the ,freedmen that played upon his hopes and fears till he was doubly weary of them4 ,first came the accession of ,andrew ,johnson to the ,presidency on the death of ,president ,lincoln4 ,bright hopes arose4 ,lincoln was too mild2 but the stalwart war-,governor of ,tennessee1 the unflinching ,union man1 the ,moses of the colored people1 as he styled himself1 he would do what ,lincoln's amiability would have left undone4 ,what a ,providential ordering it was2 the silver lining on the black cloud of the assassination4 ,but alas1 how soon the change6 ,this ,moses led the colored people not to ,canaan1 but delivered them over to the murderous bands of the ,ku ,klux2 and the ,north1 who again found the whole affair lying at loose ends1 was very much discouraged4 ,then ,general ,grant was elected1 and hope again sprang up4 ,the soldier-,president would take care of the ,freedmen4 ,he did2 but the troops stationed at the ,state houses of ,columbia and ,new ,orleans became at length an intolerable vexation to the ,south and an utter weariness to the again discouraged ,north4 ,president ,hayes brought again 8the era of good feeling40 ,the troops were removed4 ,there was a time of quiet for the colored people4 ,wade ,hampton and ,lamar pledged the reciprocal good will of the ,south4 ,i believe that these leaders were sincere1 but they little understood the import of their pledge1 or the mighty power that slumbered in the elements beneath their feet1 8,we now witness the upheaval of that power1 the sweeping away of those pledges like the chaff of the summer threshing-floor1 the crushing again of the ,negro1 his relief by flight to ,kansas1 and the symbols of ,southern methods and purposes revealed in the ,chisholm murder and the ,yazoo tragedy40 ,these facts1 this serious aspect of affairs1 and the palpable inefficiency of temporary remedies1 are awakening the ,north to a fresh sense of responsibility and to the use of thorough remedies4 ,one evidence of this is found in the turning tide of political affairs4 ,a still more ominous one is foreshadowed in the enthusiasm gathered around the flag of the ,union4 ,in #ahgb ,charles ,sumner--zealous ,union man as he was--moved in the ,senate that the names of victories in our civil war should not be inscribed on our national regimental flags1 and in the decline of public interest those flags lay neglected in the cases where they were deposited4 ,but a few weeks since the ,state of ,connecticut removed her flags from the ,state ,arsenal to the new ,capitol in ,hartford1 when1 lo1 ten thousand veteran survivors and one hundred thousand spectators1 making the grandest popular demonstration ever witnessed in the ,state1 assembled to bear those flags with honor to their new resting place4 ,i believe in the power of the ballot1 and ,i revere the flag1 but ,i want to raise my humble voice in warning against expecting too much from elections1 and against the terrible effects of an appeal to arms4 ,has not the nation awaited with anxiety many times for election returns only to be disappointed in the permanent effects1 and have we not felt enough of the dread evils of war to stand aghast at the thought of its renewal8 ,let me use the words of ,paul and say1 8,behold1 ,i show you a more excellent way40 ,i present three pictures3 ,the first shows a gathering of colored people peacefully assembled to promote their political welfare4 ,but see that rush of armed men1 the brief unequal struggle1 and the flight of those who met only to exercise a constitutional right4 ,in the background of the picture is a jail broken open and the venerable ,judge ,chisholm and his little son clinging to his knees1 and his heroic daughter endeavoring to shield her father1 all butchered in cold blood4 ,in that background is another scene4 ,that strong man1 the leader of ,ku ,klux bands1 whose hands are dyed with the blood of innocent colored men1 and who could show the medal which the grateful ,south had given him1 is himself murdered in open day1 because he dared to announce himself not as a ,republican1 but as an independent candidate for office4 ,the worst of all is that there is no legal remedy for these crimes4 ,the ,national ,government cannot reach them with punishment1 and the ,state governments will not4 ,they can only be tried in ,southern courts and before ,southern juries1 and these have acquitted the murderer of the ,chisholm father and children and refuse to try ,barksdale for the ,yazoo murder4 ,thus does the ,south make itself solid1 and wipe out in blood the least traces of dissent from its supremacy4 ,the ,north is moved by all this--indignant1 determined1 and well it may be2 for what now avails the four years of war and the fourteen years of attempt at justice and conciliation8 ,but ,i show you another picture4 ,it carries us back a few years4 ,the ,legislature of ,south ,carolina is in session4 ,its members are mostly black men4 ,they have generally no property and pay no taxes1 yet they have taxed that already impoverished ,state to the verge of destruction1 not for public improvement1 but to lavish it upon themselves1 in suppers1 wines1 personal perquisites1 in jobs and in railroad schemes4 ,no more scandalous or reckless plundering of a public treasury has ever been practiced in ,america1 and that is saying a great deal4 ,why is this little handful of mock legislators allowed to do this8 ,why do not the people rush in upon them and hurl them from the places they so dishonor8 ,why8 ,simply because there stands as a guard a file of ,united ,states soldiers--not themselves sufficient in numbers to be formidable1 but representing the ,national ,government1 and to touch them is to touch it4 ,the ,south is indignant1 determined1 and do you wonder8 ,the troops are now gone1 the black legislators are dispersed and white taxpayers are in their places2 and rising above all other considerations is the purpose of these taxpayers that1 at whatever cost1 and by whatever needed methods1 be it by tissue ballots or by shotguns1 those irresponsible plunderers shall never come back again into power4 ,you blame them2 but ,i fear you would do the same yourselves under like provocation4 ,if the ,general ,government1 by means of a bloody war1 should subdue the ,western ,states1 and then enfranchise in any one ,state enough ,indians to outvote the whites1 and those ,indians should re-enact the plunderings of the ,columbia ,legislature1 how long would the ,west bear it8 ,i suspect that very quickly every ,indian would be converted into a good ,indian2 but it would be in the ,western sense--he would be a dead ,indian4 ,brethren of the ,north1 make the case your own4 ,put yourself in your ,southern brother's place1 and judge him by your own impulses4 ,what1 then1 is the true remedy for this great evil8 ,to answer this we must honestly consider what the real evil is4 ,these ,south ,carolina taxpayers do not crush these black voters because they are black4 ,they would do the same to the 8poor whites0 if they1 having the numerical force1 should enact the same wrongs4 ,nor is it because they are ,republicans4 ,it would be the same if they called themselves ,democrats and did the same things4 ,the trouble1 therefore1 is not with the man's color or party1 but with the man himself--with his ignorance1 his degradation and his facility in being used as the tool of designing men4 ,the remedy1 then1 is not to change his color or his party1 but his character4 ,all other remedies are delusive1 and it is a national folly and crime to tamper longer with them4 ,we have tried them2 and to try them over again will be but to swing like a pendulum between the soldiers in front of the ,state house and the bulldozers at the elections4 ,it is a shame and a grievous wrong to leave matters as they are4 ,it is a wrong to the blacks to compel them to suffer in the ,south or flee to ,kansas4 ,it is unfair to the ,south to put them to the dreadful alternative of suffering or doing such great wrongs4 ,it is a shame for an enlightened nation to keep itself thus embroiled1 to the hindrance of its prosperity and the jeopardy of its peace4 ,let me show you my third picture1 which presents 8the more excellent way40 ,in the foreground is a school-house and near by is a church4 ,around and in the distance are pleasant little homes and well cultivated lands4 ,these are the instruments for working the needed change2 they will make the ,freedman intelligent1 virtuous and industrious2 will give him property and responsible interest in the welfare of the ,state4 ,but you say this is a long process4 ,admitted2 but what if there is no other8 ,a slave can be changed into a freeman in an hour1 but to change him into an intelligent man will take years2 to transform millions of ignorant1 cringing and penniless men into intelligent and responsible citizens and ,christians will require generations4 ,the acorn favorably planted will germinate into an oak in a few days1 and though small1 it is a real oak2 but it will be many years before its broad branching arms will give wide shelter1 or its girth and strength of stem will yield heavy timber4 ,a few such plants started in good soil and carefully tended will come forward rapidly1 but the wide growth on arid plains or in cold swamps will long remain dwarfs4 ,the rapid progress of some of these colored people under adequate training shows what can be done2 the backwardness of the mass shows what must be done4 ,here is the call to this ,association to bear its part in this great work in ,america4 ,it is no light task and no short work4 ,the ,north is once more aroused to its magnitude as well as its necessity1 and in that great effort the better portion of the ,south is ready to join us4 ,god forbid that any delusive scheme or guilty indifference should hinder its steady progress4 ,the wide ,atlantic rolls between ,america and ,africa1 but a strange connecting wire links the two together4 ,the battery at yonder end was charged with the dreadful electricity that arose from burning villages1 slaughtered people and captured slaves4 ,the sounds that swept along that wire were the wails of the 8middle passage40 ,the delivery at this end was the toil1 the tears1 and the blood of the slave plantation4 ,that connection is now broken4 ,does ,god mean to establish no other8 ,yes1 the battery is to be placed in ,america1 charged with the light of its learning and religion2 the hum of the wires will be the song of the returning heralds of salvation1 and the delivery will be the breaking forth of ,gospel light in benighted ,africa4 ,such a change is worthy of ,god's wonder-working grace1 and1 thanks to ,his name1 it has begun4 ,converging lines of providential purpose have met4 ,in #ahef ,burton and ,speke began the first movement in the great line of modern discovery in tropical ,africa2 in #aheh they first sighted ,lake ,tanganyika4 ,in #ahfj ,speke and ,giant set out on the second expedition from ,zanzibar2 in #ahfb they caught their first glimpse of the ,victoria ,nyanza4 ,thence onward moved the heroic procession--,sir ,samuel ,baker1 ,winwood ,reade1 ,col4 ,gordon1 ,livingstone and others1 till last of all ,stanley emerged at the mouth of the ,congo in ,august1 #ahgg4 ,a marked line of ,american convergence also began in #ahef with the first shedding of blood in the struggle with the slave power in ,kansas4 ,john ,brown's raid came in #ahei4 ,the rebellion began in #ahfa2 the slaves were proclaimed free in #ahfc1 and their education began almost with the war4 ,other societies have their own coincidences in this great work1 but this ,association having the distinction of opening the first school among the ,freedmen1 it is a matter of special interest with us that about one month after ,stanley reached the mouth of the ,congo1 we sent out our first company of colored missionaries to ,africa1 all of whom had been born in slavery1 were educated since emancipation1 and1 moved by the love of ,christ and of their fatherland1 had gone thither to preach the ,gospel4 ,this is to us the beginning of the other part of the great work to which this ,association is called1 for ,africa and for ,america4 ,we have the appliances for the work in our schools1 our theological departments and in our churches2 in our experiences in tropical ,africa of the terrible death-rate of white missionaries1 and in the comparatively good health of the colored4 ,moreover1 our decks are cleared for action by the removal of the debt that has so long hampered us4 ,we can now handle our sails and our guns4 ,may the winds of heaven waft us on our course6 ,then again we see a way of relief from the retrenchment enforced upon us by the debt and the hard times4 ,buildings were needed--some to be enlarged1 others to be newly erected--but all such claims had to be sternly denied1 much as it cost us to deny2 but now1 in the good providence of ,god1 the generous benefaction of ,mrs4 ,stone comes to our relief to supply just such buildings4 ,the return of prosperity to the country encourages us to hope that the added expense in sustaining the enlarged work will be met4 ,that return of prosperity--shall it be a curse or blessing8 ,shall it be the mad rush of muddy waters urged on by avarice and ambition1 and bearing on its turbulent surface only reckless adventure1 wild speculation1 extravagant personal expenditure1 unscrupulous public plunderings1 ending at last and again in the dead sea of stagnation1 bankruptcy1 and1 worst of all1 in the wrecking of character1 imprisonment1 insanity1 or suicide8 ,shall it not rather be consecrated1 that it may be sanctified and perpetuated--like the beneficent waters of the ,nile carried out into channels of benevolence1 purified as it is quietly borne along and broken in smaller rills1 bearing everywhere over this sin-parched earth the streams of salvation1 making it to bloom with the beauty and fragrance of holiness and to bear fruit to the glory of ,god8 ,christian people ought to begin with the rising tide of this prosperity to enlarge the streams of their benevolence1 lest1 before they are aware1 they be swept into the irresistible current4 ,especially do we ask the friends of this cause to recognize this auspicious era and plan to meet in some adequate measure the vast work before us4 ,the hour and the call have come4 ,the nation is re-awakened to its great duty to the late slaves2 they are themselves awaking to the glorious opening for them as citizens and ,christians in ,america1 and they are enthusiastic to aid in redeeming the land of their fathers4 ,the possibilities of ,african regeneration are enkindling the hearts of ,christians in ,germany1 in ,great ,britain and in ,america4 ,god's providence is opening the way and sending ,his commands along the lines4 ,well may it be said to the ,church of ,christ in ,america as ,mordecai said to ,esther1 8,who knoweth whether thou art not come to the kingdom for such a time as this80 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,providential ,,significance ,,of ,,the ,,negro ,,in ,,america4 ,,rev4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,merrell1 ,,president ,,of ,,ripon ,,college4 ,the significance of the negro in ,america cannot be understood without study in the light of the providence of ,god4 ,it is not presumption to seek in the course of events the divine thought2 it is rather presumption to assume that events occur without a divine purpose4 8,they that love to trace a divine hand will always have a divine hand to trace40 ,it is true that men have committed unspeakable folly in attempting to force the thoughts of the great ,god into the channels of their intellectual pettiness4 ,philosophies of history written with a provincial scholarship1 under the eye of an unsound philosophy or the extravagancies of religious enthusiasm1 must from the nature of the case be unsound2 so a too particular and minute description of the ways of ,providence in the interest of a preconceived theory of life1 or of some specific reform or 8cause10 leads to fanaticism and exposure to contempt4 ,there are sins committed only by the good1 if the solecism may be tolerated1 and among them is a profane assumption of knowledge in regard to the purposes of ,god4 ,but1 on the other hand1 it is greater folly to assume that ,god has left the world out of ,his thought and providential care1 and that the course of the world is not made by the efficiency of ,his word4 ,it is absurd1 also1 to assume that great providential courses are undiscoverable by the intelligence of man4 8,when it is evening1 ye say1 ,it will be fair weather3 for the sky is red4 ,and in the morning1 ,it will be foul weather to-day3 for the sky is red and lowering4 ,o1 ye hypocrites1 ye can discern the face of the sky2 but ye cannot discern the signs of the times40 ,we may make ourselves quite ridiculous in attempting to literalize the tails1 wings1 breastplates1 teeth1 hair1 faces1 crowns1 shapes of the horse-like locusts of ,john's apocalypse2 but it is quite within the reach of our faculties to find the key to his book and to unfold its prophetic instructions and consolations4 ,the use of the tabernacle as the dwelling-place of ,jehovah's glory it is possible to find by a simple exercise of the ken of philosophic interpretation2 but the symbolic import of the coverings of fine twined linen and woven goats' hair and rams' skins dyed red1 we must leave to the dogmatism of unlettered exegesis4 ,it is not our fault1 then1 that we are looking too intently for the ways of ,god through the history of the world1 but rather that we do not look aright4 99 99 99 99 ,if it be true that 8the ,most ,high ruleth in the kingdom of men1 and giveth it to whomsoever ,he will20 that 8,he changeth the times and the seasons2 ,he removeth kings and setteth up kings20 that 8promotion cometh neither from the east1 nor from the west1 nor from the south2 but ,god is the ,judge2 ,he putteth down one and setteth up another20--if it be true that the ,lord 8that stretcheth forth the heavens alone1 that spreadeth abroad the earth0 by ,himself also1 8frustrateth the tokens of the liars1 and maketh diviners mad20 that ,he 8sayeth of ,cyrus1 ,he is ,my shepherd1 and shall perform all my pleasure10 surnaming him1 and girding him1 though he knew him not2--if1 in short1 the ,lord is ,god1 and ,his providence extends over nature1 over nations1 over individuals1 over free acts1 and over sinful acts1--surely we shall not gather the significance of any great matter in the world's progress without such a study of the facts1 and such an interpretation of them as shall disclose the main trend of the divine purposes4 ,i think ,i hazard little in saying that the foothold of the ,negro in the ,united ,states is providentially significant in relation to a great onward movement for the evangelization of the world4 ,and in this statement ,i have more in view than the ,christianizing of the dark continent4 ,in relation to this1 it may signify much2 but in relation to the whole kingdom of ,christ1 it signifies more4 7#a47 ,the truthfulness of this statement holds our conviction when we view the facts in relation to the great end of all history2 and this is no transcendental or visionary gaze4 ,it is the perpetual characteristic of human folly to see events only in their immediate relations2 whereas1 the present moment can interpret nearly nothing4 ,philosophy concerns itself with remote causes and ends4 8,providence10 says ,guizot1 8hurries not ,himself to display to-day the consequence of the principle ,he yesterday announced4 ,he will draw it out in the lapse of ages4 ,even according to our reasoning1 logic is none the less sure because it is slow40 ,god's thought is from eternity2 but it is only because ,god has purposed that a science of history is possible1 or the end of history discoverable4 ,its philosophy is often based on the assumption of the unity of the race2 for the unity of the race it is better to say1 the unity of the divine purpose4 ,said ,augustine of old3 8,god cannot have left the course of human affairs1 the growth and decay of nations1 their victories and defeats1 unregulated by the laws of ,his providence40 ,and as the latest deliverance of philosophy we have from ,professor ,flint1 8,the ultimate and greatest triumph of historical philosophy will really be neither more nor less than the full proof of ,providence1 the discovery by the process of scientific method of the divine plan1 which unites and harmonizes the apparent chaos of human actions contained in history into a cosmos40 ,suppose we assume1 as the end of history1 the establishment of a kingdom of righteousness1 or the perfection of the members of the race for an endless society2 that the increase of wealth1 the extending of knowledge1 the refinements of culture1 have ultimate value only in relation to such a kingdom or society2 that the method of procedure toward the attainment of this end involves the encouragements and chastisements1 the rewards and disciplines1 the pulling down amid building up1 the slaying and making alive1 which belong to the law of discipleship for character4 ,suppose1 further1 that we find ourselves living in a period when the ,christian world is peculiarly stirred with missionary enthusiasm1 and laboring to bring the whole world to membership in the everlasting kingdom2 and yet1 again1 that we have brought to the midst of the most ,christian nation millions of the most barbarous people1 and put in such relation to that nation that the questions concerning them necessarily involve religious and missionary aspects--assuming all this1 and taking into view the profound agitations1 the vast numbers of beings involved1 the enormous commercial interests that have been staked1 the slow uprooting of inveterate race prejudices1 the transforming of societies1 the hot wrath of ,god in sweeping commonwealths with the besom of civil war1 it becomes easily credible that the ,negro in the ,united ,states signifies a great providential on moving the conversion of the world4 ,to find in this ,negro problem nothing but the lust which brought him to our shores1 or the instrumentality of the wealth which he has been the means of accumulating1 or the object of a sentimental pietism which would colonize him1 or a nuisance for progressive abatement1 is to attempt to solve the puzzle of a bewildering maze without the exercise of wisdom1 or to have exit from a labyrinth without a clew4 ,but1 with the right end in view1 all the mysteries of it are easily solved4 ,it has been recently said1 by an able ,english writer1 that the great plague of #acdh-i 8is a totally new departure in ,english history1 incomparably more important in its permanent effects than the conquest of ,william1 the civil war of the fifteenth century1 the civil war and the revolution of the seventeenth4 ,it has left abiding results on the present condition of ,england4 ,to it we owe the peculiar position of the ,english aristocracy and the equally peculiar position of the peasant4 ,it created the poor law and the trades' union4 ,it was the origin of ,lollardism1 which was itself the precursor of the ,reformation4 ,fortunately1 it occurred after representative institutions had become a necessary part of ,english political life1 or it would have destroyed them40 ,under ,providence1 ,lollardism and the ,reformation were the final cause of pestilence1 and it might have counted far more if the end had been more exactly understood at the time of the desolations4 7#b47 ,but that the ,negro in the ,united ,states means1 under ,providence1 a forward movement in the work of evangelizing the world may be inferred from the moral and ,christian element he has forced into ,american politics4 ,the final cause of a special ,providence may not be apprehended by the large part of those who are the witnesses of its procedure2 but its drift may be noted from the things they are constrained1 under ,god1 to think and say and do about it4 ,a nation may be girded to a task1 even without recognition of the hand or purpose of ,him who girds2 but that nation will be saying and doing very significant things4 ,now1 the great enthusiasms of our political life for the century following the achieving of our independence have resulted in one way or another from the presence of the ,negro4 ,and this is the same as to say that the ,negro has been the unwitting cause of the moral and religious elements in politics2 for there are no great enthusiasms which have not a basis in either morals or religion4 ,the courts1 ,cabinet1 ,congress1 legislatures1 the pulpit1 the platform1 the hearth1 have furnished the arena for debate1 harangue and purpose1 which have enlarged our views of the brotherhood of man1 kindled an unexampled enthusiasm for humanity1 and deepened those moral convictions which are the basis of sound character4 ,but for all these superior achievements in virtue1 the black man has been the occasion1 and must have our thanks4 ,selfish men1 irreligious men1 profane men1 under the guidance of an unseen hand1 have become the stout advocates of the ,christian principles of brotherhood and of duty to carry a ,gospel to every ,creature4 99 99 99 99 ,this advocacy of righteousness toward man1 and of the rights of man as man1 has become so much a matter of course with us that we are likely to overlook its vast significance4 ,even on our ,puritan soil it was not from the beginning so4 ,the 8austere morality and democratic spirit of the ,puritans0 even did not keep them clear of sin of human bondage4 8,their experience of ,indian ferocity and treachery1 acting on their theologic convictions1 led them early and readily to the belief that these savages1 and1 by logical inference1 all savages1 were the children of the devil1 to be subjugated1 if not extirpated1 as the ,philistine inhabitants of ,canaan had been by the ,israelites under ,joshua4 ,indian slavery1 sometimes forbidden by law1 but usually tolerated1 if not entirely approved1 by public opinion1 was among the early usages of ,new ,england2 and from this to negro slavery--the slavery of any variety of pagan barbarians--was an easy transition40 ,but at the time of the ,declaration of ,independence public sentiment had already greatly changed4 ,in the original draft of this document there was a specific indictment of ,george ,,iii41 which was prophetic of the 8furnace blast0 beneath which the nation for a hundred subsequent years was to 8wait the pangs of transformation0 into a man-loving1 mission-promoting people4 ,mr4 ,jefferson1 in the draft of the immortal ,declaration1 reflected the public thought and feeling so closely that he has been accused by many of plagiarism4 ,we seem thus early to find the pre-intimations of a nation in its public acts ranging itself on the side of a vast scheme of ,providence4 ,the indictment referred to is as follows3 8,determined to keep an open market where men should be bought and sold1 he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce4 ,and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished dye1 he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us1 and purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them by murdering the people on whom he also obtruded them1 thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another40 ,mr4 ,jefferson1 in his 8,works10 says3 8,the clause1 too1 reprobating the enslaving of the inhabitants of ,africa was struck out in complaisance to ,south ,carolina and ,georgia20 and he adds1 8our ,northern brethren also1 ,i believe1 felt a little tender under those censures2 for1 though their people had very few slaves themselves1 yet they had been pretty considerable carriers of them to others40 ,it is as impossible1 at present1 as it is needless to proceed from this initial point through discussions for the formation of platforms and parties1 and from these to specific laws1 and from laws to the violation of them1 and civil war4 ,if a just ,god has been ruling among the affairs of the nation1 it is infidelity to doubt that ,he has been guiding this vast and tumultuous slavery conflict to some great end for the enlargement of ,his kingdom in the earth4 ,the moral and religious aspects of ,american political questions for the last three generations have a ,divine significance unsuspected by the actors in our national drama4 7#c47 ,but of greater significance still is the fact that the coming of the ,negro incorporates a missionary element in our national life4 ,in the large advance movement now making for the evangelizing of the race1 it is evident that the colored people are not to go out through a ,red ,sea into a wilderness1 to become a peculiar people to whom shall be committed the oracles of ,god1 and from whom shall arise one like the ,messiah4 ,no person is now so superficial as not to see that1 whether we will or not1 the ,negro has come to stay4 ,he is becoming even more and more an element in the sum of those experiences which we call our national life4 ,he has not come to fit himself to become an uplifter2 he is rather here to do that work which shall fit and cause this new and great nation to become in a peculiar way the uplifter of peoples4 ,it is the resistance of this idea which has been the fundamental reason of all our national turbulence4 ,providence meant one thing2 the selfishness of man another4 ,god has given unmistakably the 8sign of the prophet ,jonas20 man sees nothing but the redness of a lowering sky4 ,can we fail to be impressed with the fact that a being whose not remote ancestors were1 if not savage1 at least barbarian1 has now come into the possession of every element of ,american civilization8 ,the negro has our language1 dress1 civil customs1 religion1 domestic and social life1 and in the main1 our vices4 ,he is a voter1 law-maker1 executive1 educator1 freeholder1 priest1 and head of a ,christian household4 ,he has reached high proficiency in many branches of learning1 and is skilled in all the arts with which we are acquainted4 ,in a vast number of cases1 through crime be it granted1 he is bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh4 ,he is less a ward than citizen1 and hardly more pupil than instructor4 ,his absolute severance from fatherland1--his history1 his tenacity of life and of race characteristics1 yet1 while retaining race characteristics1 his greedy absorption of the best elements of civilization1--his poverty and his possibilities1 awakening our sympathies and challenging our benevolent enterprise1--his tenacious hold upon our soil1 our customs and our hearts1--these and many things beside indicate that he has come to stimulate1 to lift us to a higher form of evangelical enterprise than that exhibited hitherto by any people4 ,we are not merely to make missionaries of the black people2 but we through them are to be ourselves made missionaries4 ,it seems to be the will of ,god that the nation should set itself to the work of ,christianizing the world4 7#d47 ,to add yet another evidence that the signs of the times are to be interpreted in the line of advancing evangelization1 ,i would mention the genius of the ,negro for piety4 ,colonel ,preston1 who has written intelligently on the subject of the religious education of the ,negro1 says that he has adopted all the vices of the white race except suicide1 duelling and religious skepticism4 ,his voice is not more flexible and pure than1 his faith is confiding and strong4 ,and this is not a small matter4 ,the world doubtless has great need of brains1 but it has vaster need of character4 ,of the stones ,god can raise up children to ,abraham2 but it requires no miracle to raise up children to ,plato4 ,there is no fear for the brains of any race that will accept ,christianity4 ,to virtue1 knowledge will surely be added4 ,it is foolish for us ,anglo-,saxons to assume that we have found the best expression of religion4 ,it would be like the claim of the ,pharisee1 who assumed that the end of the law was fulfilled in himself4 ,the worldliness of the church is at the present time more conspicuous than the churchliness of the world4 ,a person who lives simply according to the doctrine of ,christ is so singular as to get special notice in the church news of the religious press4 ,so long as it can be truthfully said that 8it is only by a special and rare experience that young men in the church settle the question of their life-work by the simple test of usefulness and duty2 and if a young man is found pondering the question in this view1 it is regarded as a case of unusual piety1 and he is directed at once to the ministry2 and if an older man begins to inquire how he can do the most good with his property1 it is accepted as evidence of special growth in grace1 a ripening for heaven0--so long1 ,i say1 as this can be truthfully said1 it is perfectly within bounds to affirm that the current expression of the religion of ,christ is nothing less than a shame4 ,it is rational to hope that the ,negro may help us to a fitter expression4 ,i admit his crudities1 extravagancies and immoralities1 but he has a genius for religion nevertheless4 ,it has been conjectured that there was a period when the ancestors of the ,athenians were to be in no otherwise distinguished from their barbarian neighbors than by some finer taste in the decoration of their arms1 and something of a loftier spirit in the songs which told of the exploits of their warriors4 ,but these rude attempts were prophetic of their sthetic triumphs2 they had a genius for the beautiful4 ,it seems to me that ,africa is the fitting continent in whose mysterious solitudes the greatest explorer of this generation should die in service and on his knees4 ,he symbolized the possibilities of the ,negritto race for the expression of the life of the ,son of ,god1 and mutely prophesied of the ages to come4 ,this race1 with its greed for civilization and its natural capabilities for religion1 is in vital connection with the foremost nation of these latter times4 ,does not this signify the incoming of a more thorough righteousness1 a loftier faith1 and a great advance movement for ,christianizing the world8 ,whether ,i have correctly formulated the course of ,providence or not1 it is clear that the ,negro is in the ,united ,states for a purpose1 and that purpose is no petty one4 ,he has been the occasion of the most exhaustive discussion of the subject of the rights of man1 of the formation of a great national party1 and of the largest civil war of modern times4 ,he is now the most considerable element in national politics4 ,if ,providence is a scheme of means and ends1 in which particular events are chosen to further great ends1 and if a just ,god is presiding over the destiny of our nation1 it is simply illogical to conclude that the foothold of the ,negro on the continent is not a thing of vast significance4 ,and if this be true1 every question concerning him has a new importance4 ,if ,pharaoh had understood that the ,hebrew bondsmen were a chosen generation1 he would have carried on the brick business in a different way4 ,this whole ,negro question needs study in a new light1 8lest haply we be found even to fight against ,god40 ,governor ,st4 ,john1 of ,kansas1 in answer to a question from the ,south1 how to stop the ,negro exodus1 has recently said3 8,rent the ,negro land and sell him supplies at fair prices4 ,stop bulldozing him4 ,respect the sanctity of his family4 ,make him feel that he is just as safe in his person and family1 and in all civil and political rights1 as he can be in ,kansas or any other ,northern ,slate4 ,then he will not want to come ,north4 ,unless you do this1 the ,red ,sea will open before him and he will pass over dry-shod2 and you of the ,south1 attempting to stop him1 will be overwhelmed1 as was ,pharaoh and his hosts40 ,these are sharp words1 and their rebuke is doubtless needed4 ,it is probably not important to stop the ,negro exodus4 ,for both the ,negro and the white race it is needful that large numbers be removed from the scenes of their old servitude4 ,the ,negro will rise faster and will more readily be the connecting and reconciling link between two antagonistic forms of civilization4 ,this is but a stage in those wilderness wanderings by which he is being fitted to perform his part in the drama of the world's renewing4 ,in ,kansas and everywhere he must have chance to develop according to what is in him1 and there need be no fear that he will not act his part well4 ,this theme suggests many practical matters concerning the importance and the methods of home evangelization4 ,these cannot be discussed in this paper2 but ,i wish to raise again the question asked by large numbers of our most sagacious men1 viz43 whether1 in view of what seem to be vast providential designs concerning the inhabitants of this continent1 our home work is not suffering comparative neglect8 ,this is my deliberate conviction4 ,for the colored man1 at least1 we are doing but a fraction of what it would be profitable to do4 ,he is very far as yet from entering into his rest1 and for long years yet we are to share with him 8the pangs of transformation40 8,before the joy of peace must come ,the pains of purifying4 ,god give us grace1 ,each in his place1 ,to bear his lot1 ,and murmuring not1 ,endure1 and wait1 and labor40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,church ,,work ,,in ,,the ,,south4 ,,by ,,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,,woodworth4 ,the subject before us is 8,church ,work in the ,south40 ,this work1 though it seems to be fundamental to every missionary organization1 has yet been sharply challenged both as to its propriety and expediency4 ,put thus on the defensive1 it may be well to recur to first principles1 in order to satisfy ourselves that the church is the unit idea in all ,christian labor4 ,and to unfold that idea in the conversion of men1 and to make it potential in society1 through the preaching of the ,gospel and the sanctified lives of believers1 is the end of the family1 of the school1 and of all the forces which go to civilize and uplift communities4 ,that work which does not aim at the church as its end1 however refining and ennobling it may be in itself1 fails1 utterly and infinitely1 to realize the ideal of the ,new ,testament1 or the ideals of history as seen in the progress of ,christ's kingdom in the earth4 ,when1 therefore1 a society like the one whose anniversary we are now celebrating presents itself for our suffrage and our support1 it becomes our privilege1 and perhaps our duty1 to question its mission and its right to live4 ,should it appear that secular education is the object mainly aimed at1 then we would say it has just as much right to live as there is reason for the work it is doing4 ,but if1 on the other hand1 it should appear that the regeneration of men1 and the founding of pure and intelligent churches1 is its central thought and aim1 and that all other instruments in its hands are but tributary to this1 then we would say it has just as much right to live as there is force and authority in the last command of our ascended ,lord4 ,this will become evident if we examine3 7#a47 ,the ,commission under which a society like this does its work4 ,the warrant for a missionary society1 as for all missionary effort1 is found in the words of our ,saviour to his disciples1 just before he went up on high3 8,all power is given unto me in heaven and on earth2 go ye1 therefore1 and teach all nations1 baptizing them in the name of the ,father1 and of the ,son1 and of the ,holy ,ghost1 teaching them to observe all things whatsoever ,i have commanded you1 and lo1 ,i am with you alway1 even unto the end of the world40 ,analyze these words1 as repeated by three evangelists1 and1 we submit1 they leave upon the mind the single1 distinct impression that the work he commissioned his disciples to do was to teach or to preach ,christ2 was to call to repentance1 and show how sin could be atoned and remitted through the blood of the ,crucified4 ,that message is given to this society--the most important ever committed to men2 and to proclaim it freely and fully1 all its resources of men and of money1 of learning and of influence1 should be put under contribution4 ,this is the work than which nothing greater nor grander can be conceived4 7#b47 ,this will further appear if we study the model of missionary work1 which is presented to us in apostolic labor and example4 ,if the words of our ,saviour define the work to be done1 the example of the ,apostles defines and illustrates the manner in which it should be done4 ,and beginning at ,jerusalem1 we find that the ,apostles and the company of the believers gave themselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word4 ,when the endowment of power had come1 they began to speak in other tongues as the ,spirit gave them utterance4 ,they were now divinely empowered and set apart for their work4 ,the ,holy ,ghost is now their inspirer and guide1 and when the multitude came running together to see what this strange thing could mean1 ,peter1 with the eleven1 stood up and delivered that searching discourse which went with convincing and converting power to the hearts of #c1jjj men4 ,indeed1 what is the ,acts of the ,apostles but a record of missionary operations conducted by inspired men1 who were specially empowered and guided by the ,holy ,ghost1 in which the preaching of ,christ was the all-absorbing theme8 ,peter and ,james among the ,apostles1 and ,philip and ,stephen among the deacons1 were illustrious preachers in their day1 and models of devotion to the single purpose of winning men to ,christ4 ,converts were multiplied1 churches organized1 and believers made to feel that the one supreme work was to teach or to preach ,christ4 ,the movement began on the day of ,pentecost by preaching ,christ1 and on that line it continued its triumphant way while the ,apostles lived4 ,they neither sought nor asked for anything more4 ,they were content to wield the sword of the ,spirit which is the word of ,god4 ,and so they preached ,christ1 8to the ,jews a stumbling-block and to the ,greeks foolishness1 but unto them which were saved1 ,christ the power of ,god and the wisdom of ,god40 7#c47 ,if we needed other evidence that this line of work is the true one1 we have it in the historical examples of other successful missionary work since the time of the ,apostles4 ,we only need to examine those great religious movements in history which not only lifted the ,church1 but started the human race forward on higher courses of thought and life1 to satisfy ourselves that the ,gospel was the quickening power1 and furnished the motive and impulse to the astonishing results which followed4 ,a single text ringing in the ear of the monk as he slowly and wearily climbed ,pilate's stairs at ,rome1 on his knees1 8,the just shall live by faith10 explains the ,reformation4 ,that was the key-note to all the preaching and writing of ,luther and the ,reformers4 ,that truth lifted and saved men2 that truth organized the free thought and the ,protestant churches of ,germany1 and made the ,reformation a success4 ,the ,puritan movement in ,england1 to some extent contemporaneous with that in ,germany1 proceeded on the same principles4 ,men mighty in the ,scriptures were raised up to preach the word4 ,they relied on nothing but the simple ,gospel of ,christ4 ,all the might of king and council and ,parliament could not crush a movement having its sources in the word of ,god4 ,it crystallized into dissenting churches2 it flowed beyond the ,british ,islands on to the continent of ,europe and to the continent of ,america1 taking possession of a new empire and a new world4 ,the ,methodist movement1 under ,whitefield and the ,wesleys1 was still another uprising and following of the human mind after the simple truths of the ,gospel4 ,though educated men themselves1 they had almost a contempt for human learning and the wordly appliances on which other churches so much relied4 ,the preaching of the word accompanied by the power of the ,holy ,ghost was their sole reliance4 ,on that principle they organized their churches1 literally preaching the ,gospel to the poor1 and1 at the end of a century1 had a membership outnumbering any ,protestant church in ,christendom4 ,it would be easy to show that modern missions1 at home and abroad1 have been most successful as they have relied most fully on the simple preaching of the word1 and that the building up of churches has been the saving power of communities intellectually1 morally and even materially4 7#d47 ,applying now the facts and principles barely glanced at in this review to the subject in hand1 we shall find that1 so far as the ,south is concerned1 pure and intelligent churches are at this moment more a necessity even than schools are4 ,the education of the intellect is vitally important2 but for its own security it should rest on the broader education of the moral nature4 ,the former will make keen1 sharp men1 shrewd in business and other transactions1 but only the latter can be trusted to make honest1 faithful1 conscientious men4 ,while we insist that ,christian schools are the true handmaid of religion1 we must not be tempted to substitute science and culture for piety1 nor to make schools stand for more than churches4 ,the church alone is fundamental1 but for the best results they belong together and should go together4 ,schools can be made and should be made helps to religion2 but we mistake their nature entirely when we imagine that there is anything in the ordinary studies of the class-room--the classics1 the mathematics1 or the natural sciences--to sanctify the heart or subdue the will to ,god4 ,the colored race is vastly more run down on its moral side than on its intellectual side4 ,this is true of all degraded1 barbarous races4 ,the direct effects of slavery on the colored race were its moral effects4 ,to be sure1 it left the race poor and uncultivated2 but that might have been borne and easily repaired had it left the moral integrity of the race intact and pure4 ,the school of slavery perverted the moral nature1 and until that is rectified1 no process of intellectual education can lift the race on to the high level of a true manhood and a great future4 ,men and nations are lifted and made truly great through their moral qualities rather than through their intellectual4 ,at any rate1 if history teaches any lesson it is1 that no nation has long exhibited great intellectual qualities which has not been sustained by greater moral qualities2 and that no nation1 ancient or modern1 has become intellectually great that was not first morally great4 ,the age of ,pericles in ,greece1 and the ,augustinian age in ,rome1 when the human mind in each of those countries reached its climacteric1 was preceded by those great moral virtues among the people which made them severely simple1 honest1 brave and true4 ,greece had her ,homer1 her ,solon1 her schylus1 her ,euripides1 her ,sappho1 before she had her ,pericles4 ,rome had her ,romulus1 her ,numa1 her ,cato1 her ,scipios1 and for mothers1 her ,cornelia1 her ,marcia and her ,portia1 before she had her ,augustus4 ,england had her ,alfred1 her ,bede1 her ,wickliffe1 her ,knox and her ,reformers1 before she had her ,bacon1 her ,shakespeare and her ,milton4 ,germany had her ,luther1 her ,melanethon1 her ,calvin1 her ,zwingle1 and her long line of ,protestant confessors and defenders1 before she had her ,goethe1 her ,schiller1 her ,humboldt1 her ,herder and her ,beethoven4 ,the ancient nations1 whose masterpieces in literature and art are still the models on which we form our taste1 declined intellectually precisely as they declined morally4 ,the great age of ,english literature was a greater age of moral heroism2 and ,germany's highest intellectual development is but the consummate flowering of the moral forces which have come down from the ,reformation4 ,both will decline as the moral supports on which they rest are weakened or undermined4 ,in the light of the past1 it would seem clear that if we merely sought the highest intellectual development of the colored race1 we would educate most assiduously their moral nature--their weakest and most neglected part4 ,but this can be done effectually only through a pure and intelligent ministry of the word4 ,in pure churches alone can moral instruction1 based on ,divine authority1 find its highest sanctions4 ,the secular teacher1 indeed1 may instruct in morals and religion1 but his words do not carry the sanctity nor the authority of him who ministers at ,god's altar in holy things4 ,it is in the ,church1 where men speak in the name of ,god1 and where the soul is brought face to face with the claims of ,god1 that the highest moral motives are pressed and felt4 ,and hence we say1 the ,church foremost1 and everything tributary to the ,church1 because the ,church deals supremely with the moral nature1 through which degraded races can alone be lifted4 7#e47 ,there is a farther necessity for such churches1 in order that we may save the present and coming generation of educated young colored men and women from skepticism and infidelity4 ,the moment we educate a young man or a young woman to read intelligently1 or to speak and write the ,english language grammatically1 we have educated them out of the old colored churches4 ,they will not listen to men whose vocabulary has more sound than meaning1 and who violate with every sentence every law of correct speech4 ,the white churches are not open to them in any such sense that they feel at liberty to enter them on any footing of ,christian equality4 ,unless we provide for them something which is more pure and rational than their own churches1 free from the clamors and excitements of mere animal passion1 we send them into the streets and away from the house of ,god4 ,after a young man or a young woman has remained in school long enough to see the ignorance of the colored preachers1 and has gained sufficient intelligence to make moral distinctions1 it is inevitable that he should turn from such teachers1 and revolt from such moral and religious guides4 ,if they are compelled to judge religion only by the specimens of it which they see around them1 why should not a common intelligence reject it altogether8 ,our education1 therefore1 must either lead our students out of the old churches into infidelity1 or it must lead them into churches where an intelligent ministry and a pure worship will satisfy both intellect and heart4 ,i can conceive no greater wrong we can do that race than to destroy their faith in the religion taught and practiced in their churches1 if we do not supply them with a better4 ,a race without a religious faith is lost2 and1 while our education destroys the old1 let us be careful to put in the place of it the new and the true4 7#f47 ,and1 finally1 pure and intelligent churches are a necessity in order to create a reservoir of piety and ability sufficient to nurture and bring forward the young men and women needed for the work of redeeming ,africa4 ,if the colored race in this country is ever to be broadened to the full conception of saving ,africa--is ever to be made capable of laying broad and deep the foundations of ,christian ,states on that dark continent--if it is ever to be inspired to the effort of such an undertaking--the movement must begin at the foundations of character1 in the moral sensibilities and convictions of the soul4 ,and a movement that is wide enough and strong enough to sustain such an attempt must begin at the house of ,god1 must have its roots in ,christian homes1 must be fed in the closet1 at the family altar1 with the word of ,god and the breath of prayer4 ,the movement which saves ,africa will be a race movement2 will be the light and pressure of ,divine truth upon the minds and consciences of the people1 and a baptism of ,pentecostal fire consecrating them to the work4 ,but to what agencies shall we look for such mighty spiritual energies as are needed for the recovery of a race to ,jesus ,christ8 ,the ,church is the vast reservoir of spiritual forces1 and she utilizes other instruments as they are needed to accomplish her work4 ,but if it should happen that we should mistake instruments or methods for power1 even schools for the ,church of the living ,god1 we should soon find that the body without the spirit is dead4 ,it would avail little if here and there one in our schools might be persuaded to enter the ,african field4 ,what could he do without the prayers1 the sympathies1 as well as the moral and pecuniary support of his race behind him8 ,and what certainly would there be of a supply or of a succession of laborers1 unless the churches were holding their members to the work and were pushing forward their children to offer themselves in its behalf8 ,the churches alone can create a race sentiment broad and deep and potent enough to bear up an enterprise aiming at the ,christianization of ,africa4 ,it is the ,gospel1 ministered by holy men1 which unifies and exalts communities4 ,it is the ,church1 as the centre and representative of divine power1 which stands for ,god1 and the word and the ordinances entrusted to her keeping are his only visible hold upon the world4 ,if we would have ,christian scholars in training for ,africa--as teachers1 as preachers1 or as statesmen--they should come from homes and churches in which the spirit of ,christ1 the spirit of humanity1 and the spirit of missions was as the breath of life4 ,on the one hand1 we want the churches as the inspiring and sustaining power both for men and money1 and on the other1 as the motive and model for the work we are called to do4 ,our missionaries need to live and move in an atmosphere of holy self-denial and charity1 to be empowered by the prayers and godly zeal of the great brotherhood of the saints1 in order to a full consecration4 ,we can expect men and money for the work in sufficient number and amount only as the churches1 like mighty reservoirs1 gather and hold all their forces of brain1 of heart1 of will1 of wealth and of learning1 of piety and of power1 for ,christ4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,africa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,the report on the ,association's work in ,africa1 submitted to your committee1 shows that the ,mendi ,mission has reached once more a degree of prosperity and promise4 ,in its church1 school and industrial work it has been prospered1 and in the plan of preparing and using native helpers do we find the great principle of all successful schemes for disseminating the ,gospel wisely adopted4 ,furthermore1 the signal fact seems now already permanently established that the ,freedmen are the providential missionaries for the dark continent4 ,they endure the climate as ,europeans cannot1 and1 as trained for their work in the seminaries of this society1 they evince a capacity which fits them for a rare evangelical service in the land of their ancestors4 ,but the matter to which it is especially fitting that your attention be directed with unwonted seriousness is the conditional decision recently arrived at by the ,executive ,committee of this ,association to accept ,mr4 ,arlington's offer of #c1jjj1 and open in ,eastern ,africa a new mission station4 ,that indicates what all interested in the great problem of ,africa's ,christianization should welcome with thanksgiving and prayer1 viz41 that this ,association is to take a new and advanced part in this latest missionary crusade4 ,now its work will have a higher significance and a wider reach2 for under ,god does it more and more seem that to this ,association is to fall the high part of preparing the needed missionaries for ,africa4 ,the relation of the educational work of the ,association to this grand enterprise becomes impressively apparent4 ,there is a compensation in ,god's providence1 and in this instance it is inspiring to believe that our ,freedmen1 as the best fitted agents1 are to become the preachers of ,christianity to the land from which their ancestors were cruelly carried away as slaves4 ,here1 now1 is something proposed which will tax our faith and test our courage and consecration4 ,the field for the proposed mission seems to be wisely chosen1 and in the ,nile basin1 making one more in a chain of mission stations recently opened1 will this ,association have its place and do its share in redeeming the continent to which the entire church now is turning with a yearning heart4 ,it is somewhat significant that the proposed field for this mission is in a portion of the continent most desolated by the slave trade4 ,pre-eminently appropriate is it that this society1 so long the friend and advocate of the slave1 should carry the tidings of 8the liberty wherewith ,christ makes men free0 into the midst of tribes which have suffered from this terrible traffic4 ,the full and studied report of the ,foreign ,committee1 in the ,april number of the ,,american ,,missionary1 on the character and promise of the special field designated by ,mr4 ,arthington1 makes it unnecessary for your committee to add anything touching upon this point4 ,the careful investigation made in the first instance confirms the wisdom of ,mr4 ,arthington in naming to this ,association the field he has4 ,his own letter1 published in the ,march number1 shows that he had conferred with the best authorities as to the location of the mission1 and that he has chosen a district that offers unusual attractions for such a station as this ,association should establish4 ,we believe your committee but voice the feeling of all friends of this ,association when expressing the hope that the conditions on which this missionary advance depends will be promptly met1 so that without delay measures can be adopted to enter this open door1 and improve this latest and greatest opportunity of doing for the millions of the long-forgotten and long-despised continent4 ,it is very evident that the foreign work of the ,association is to become of increasing importance and magnitude1 for to it has providentially fallen the high privilege of preparing the workers especially required in ,african evangelization4 ,with its old mission on the ,west ,coast rising now into fresh usefulness1 on its new basis of depending upon ,freedmen missionaries and native helpers1 and the projected station south and west of ,gondokoro1 in a field full of promise1 it will become a great evangelistic power in ,africa4 ,the springs and feeders of its work will be in those noble educational institutions established in our ,southern land1 for from these will go forth the colored men and women who will show of what holy sacrifice and achievements they are capable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we should not forget that to this ,association belongs the honor of inaugurating in this country the more recent phase of ,african evangelization4 ,at the annual meeting in ,clinton1 ,iowa1 in #ahgd1 was the first note sounded for a missionary advance into the heart of the dark continent1 and in the annual gathering of #ahge and every year since has it been a prominent subject for consideration4 ,mr4 ,arthington was induced to make his offer to the ,association because of its early and pronounced sympathy with this plan of interior missions in ,africa1 and we1 of our own belief1 would be disloyal to the flag we first gave to the winds of heaven if we did not gird ourselves for this new venture4 ,this ,association cannot afford to be absent from the ,christian forces now entering the far land1 for by ,providence and the signal history of past years1 and its peculiar relation to the ,african race1 it is called to take its place1 highest of all1 in the lustrous belt of missions that now extend from the ,zambesi along the chain of lakes to the region in the ,nile basin which we are to man under the name of the ,arthington ,mission4 ,m4 ,m4 ,g4 ,,dana1 ,h4 ,t4 ,,rose1 ,g4 ,d4 ,,pike1 ,s4 ,j4 ,,humphrey4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,mendi ,,country ,,and ,,its ,,neighborhood4 ,,by ,,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,,pike4 ,the territory under view is bounded on the east by the ,river ,niger1 on the north by the ,great ,desert1 and on the west and south by the ,atlantic ,ocean4 7#a47 ,its surface is varied by mountains1 plains1 forest and rivers1 while its coast is indented with bays and harbors of grand proportions4 ,skirting the coast there is an alluvial region extending for fifty miles to a mountain forest range eighty miles in width2 then follows an open plateau which extends to the ,niger and beyond4 ,the soil of this plateau is described as a rich prairie land1 of such productiveness and beauty that it is regarded by missionaries who have seen it as the garden spot of the world4 7#b47 ,the climate of the country is admitted on all hands to be hostile to efforts for the advancement of its people1 while the coast has been fitly styled 8the burial-ground of white men40 ,a deadly malaria1 poisonous both to man and domestic animals1 checks the progress of industries and the work of ,christianity4 ,it is believed1 however1 that this malaria is more especially confined to the low mangrove swamps of the coast1 and that after the forest belt is passed the open plateau will afford healthy localities4 ,the sanitary condition of a country can be determined in a measure by its domestic animals4 ,the pestilential vapors of a malarious region are said to be absorbed to a greater extent by quadrupeds1 living constantly in the open air1 than by mankind1 living a portion of the time in-doors4 ,the ancient ,greeks observed this fact1 and incorporated it in verse centuries ago3 8,on mules and dogs the infection first began1 ,and last1 the vengeful arrow fixed in man40 ,now the open plateau we have mentioned may be called the 8cattle-belt of the ,mendi country and its neighborhood40 ,here unnumbered herds of horses1 cows and other domestic animals abound1 making it somewhat evident that the climate may be found favorable for the development of an advanced civilization4 7#c47 ,the products of this country are such as are common to the tropics1 and are very abundant4 ,coffee grows spontaneously4 ,india-rubber enough for generations could be easily obtained4 ,vast areas of timber lands1 characterized by trees thirty feet in diameter1 with spreading branches sufficient for the shelter of a regiment1 abound in the forest belt4 ,here are found great varieties of dye-woods1 and other woods that admit of a beautiful finish4 ,lumber is in great demand1 and the saw-mill belonging to this ,association is taxed to its utmost1 and quite unable to furnish a supply sufficient for the market near at hand4 ,the export of palm-oil from this locality is very great1 and at present is doubtless the leading article of merchandise4 ,it is quite possible1 however1 that within a generation the most alluring wealth of the country will be its treasures of gold4 ,this precious metal is found in a belt extending from the ,gold ,coast inland three hundred and fifty miles4 ,of the productiveness of the gold mines or pits1 as they are called1 we can judge but little otherwise than by the meagreness of the facilities of the natives for collecting gold1 and by the amount found among the different tribes4 ,from what can be learned ,i am led to believe that the great enterprise that shall yet stir the thought of the mercantile world in behalf of this region will be that of the gold hunter4 ,in support of this view we have facts before us like the following3 ,the king of the ,ashantees is covered with golden ornaments4 ,he is served by his cook with a golden spoon4 ,his spies1 to the number of a thousand1 wear golden breastplates1 his officers carry gold-hilted swords1 and his subjects use gold dust for money4 ,the chiefs of the land manufacture golden images to display their wealth1 while their attendants are embellished with golden badges4 ,even on the great plateau1 three hundred miles inland1 gold is the money of the country4 ,in ,bour the people do nothing but dig up gold1 which they exchange for food with the neighboring tribes4 ,the indications certainly are1 that if so much gold is secured by native women1 who wash out a little surface sand in their simple gourds1 mines of wealth must lie beneath awaiting the more powerful machinery of an ,american civilization4 7#d47 ,we come now to notice the internal improvements projected for opening up this country to commerce and the higher development of its people4 ,lines of steamers ply from the ,senegal to the ,niger1 and ports are opened where trade is carried on equal in amount to #bj1jjj1jjj annually4 ,the ,niger and its tributaries afford navigable waters for #c1ejj miles1 enabling the merchant to proceed with boats from ,timbuctoo to the ,atlantic4 ,steamers already ply upon this river and inland trade is rapidly developing4 ,at present there are many obstacles to overcome1 of which the superstition of the natives is not the least4 ,there is1 however1 a project full of promise for reaching this country4 ,by recent surveys it has been ascertained that opposite the ,canary ,islands1 in latitude #bh north1 running five hundred miles south-east in the ,great ,desert1 there is a sink two hundred feet below the level of the ,atlantic1 extending to within one hundred miles of ,timbuctoo1 the great city of ,central ,africa4 ,this sink or depression has a width of one hundred and twenty miles1 and contains sixty thousand square miles of land4 ,explorers agree that a channel once connected its north-western extremity with the ,atlantic1 where it terminated in a sand-bank1 which prevented the waters of the ocean from flowing into its bed4 ,its mouth is formed between perpendicular rocks1 and measures about two and a half miles in width1 and is blocked by a sand-bar1 three hundred yards across1 with a height of thirty feet above the sea4 ,all that is needed is to excavate a ship canal three hundred yards long through the sand-bar1 and the inland sea will be speedily formed4 ,when this is accomplished the ,mendi country and its neighborhood will be a vast island1 approachable from many directions1 and a belt of civilization will be closed in until the whole area is blessed with peace and abundance4 ,then 8,afric's sunny fountains0 will 8roll down their golden sands0 into the lap of the older civilizations1 and receive in return the riper and richer results of the heaven-born blessings of the ,gospel4 7#e47 ,it is fitting1 furthermore1 that we consider the character and condition of the people of this domain4 ,as to their physical proportions1 we have reason to believe that back of the malarial belt they are well formed1 muscular and endowed with powers of great endurance4 ,the tribes of the interior drive down the inhabitants of the forest range into the lowland1 where the law of the survival of the unfittest obtains on account of malaria leaving alive the coarse1 muscular men of the coast4 ,of the mental capacity of these people a good illustration was seen in ,barnabas ,root1 a real heathen1 who came to this country and was graduated at a ,western college and also at the ,chicago ,theological ,seminary1 ranking among the best scholars of his class at both institutions4 ,the capacity of this people is also indicated by some splendid achievements on ,african soil4 ,a native among the ,vey people invented an alphabet with two hundred characters1 in which communications could be sent by letter and the language preserved in books4 ,still another contrived an instrument before the invention of the telegraph1 called an eleimbic1 for conveying sound1 and by means of which messages could be sent for several miles4 ,native women manufacture cloth1 woven in different colors2 they also make a species of twine as delicate and useful as any in the world4 ,clay vessels that hold water1 iron axes and implements of utility of native manufacture1 also abound4 ,timbuctoo1 the queen city of the ,desert1 at the north-eastern boundary of the country we are considering1 contains #bj1jjj inhabitants1 and is laid out with regular streets and well-built houses4 ,here is found a great mosque with nine naves and a tower #bhf feet high and #bab wide1 while other mosques of great age and importance greet the eyes in this wonderful city4 ,these indications of skill are found among native ,africans1 even if due1 especially in ,timbuctoo1 to the ,mohammedan faith4 ,cities and towns in ,sierra ,leone1 ,liberia1 and further along the coast1 are the result in part of a foreign civilization1 but still in some measure attest the capacity of the real heathen4 ,these people not only evince capacity for the development of material wealth1 but for the science of government4 ,they evidently believe in experiments in governmental civilization4 ,for example1 the king of ,dahomey selects the most robust of his wives for a body-guard and organizes regiments of amazons4 ,these are said to be most courageous soldiers and absolutely devoted to their calling4 ,he also displays his appreciation of object lessons in temperance reform by keeping a drunkard on rum1 that his hideous aspect might deter the people from that vice2 while the boys who act as porters on the coast promote the observance of ,sunday laws by charging for their services on the ,lord's day sixpence extra for breaking the ,sabbath4 ,the question1 however1 with which we have chief concern relates to the religious instincts or capabilities of these people4 ,these may be measured in some degree by the sacrifices they make and by the notions they entertain4 ,for example1 among the ,foula tribe the offerings to the ,fetish must be made by a 8sinless girl40 ,among the ,mendi1 they believe in a supreme being who made all things1 who punishes those who wrong their friends2 they thank him for blessings1 and blame him for trouble and sickness4 ,the fetishism of the ,african is based upon religious instincts1 and indicates the strength of his aptitude for faith1 prayer and self-denial4 ,we have not at command any comprehensive knowledge of the habits of all the tribes of the ,mendi country and its neighborhood4 ,we are able1 however1 to give some account of the unprejudiced conduct of the ,ashantees during a four years' war1 as observed by two ,german missionaries held as prisoners at ,coomassie for that length of time4 ,they narrate a condition of heathendom that ought to inspire us to pray and labor for the enlightenment and redemption of this wretched people4 ,the worst phase of their condition is exhibited in the practice of offering human sacrifices4 ,we are told that when the king visits the burial-place of his ancestors he offers a human sacrifice on approaching the skeleton of each one1 and in this manner some thirty persons are slaughtered4 ,when about to repair a roof at the burial-place after a storm1 as many more victims are offered to appease the wrath of the departed4 ,on funeral occasions many villagers are killed1 till it pleases the king to forbid the further shedding of blood4 ,the arms of poor wretches are cut off in midday1 while they are compelled to dance for the amusement of the king before being taken to execution4 ,if the victims will not dance1 lighted torches are applied to their wounds until the drums beat1 and then their heads are taken off4 ,during the ,ashantee war #acf chiefs were slain4 ,according to the belief of the people it was necessary to send a considerable retinue after them to the other world4 ,for this reason a ceremony called a 8death-wake0 was instituted1 at which1 for each ,coomassie chief1 #cj of their people were killed4 ,if an equal retinue was assigned for chiefs in other localities1 the slaughtered persons would number #d1jhj souls4 ,at the funeral festivities of ,kokofu more than #bjj human beings were sacrificed1 the king beheading several with his own hand4 ,on the death of a prince many of his wives are slain1 and if the number he possessed is not deemed sufficient1 the king adds a selection of girls1 who are painted white and hung with golden ornaments4 ,these sit about the coffin for days1 but are finally doomed to the grave as attendants for the departed4 ,the apology for such practices is given by the king of ,dahomey in the following language3 8,if ,i were to give up this custom at once1 my head would be taken off to-morrow4 ,these things cannot be stopped1 as one might suppose4 ,by and by1 little by little1 much may be done4 ,softly1 softly2 not by threats4 ,you see how ,i am placed40 ,a missionary of much experience on the coast tells us3 8,the practice of offering human sacrifices is founded on a purely religious basis1 designed as a manifestation of piety1 sanctioned by long usages1 upheld by a powerful priesthood1 and believed to be essential to the very existence of the tribes where it exists40 ,but1 thank ,god1 over these dark areas of ,pagan land we believe the 8morning light is breaking40 ,already about the ,mendi country and its neighborhood there are twenty-three central mission stations1 many1 if not all of which are circled with tributary 8out-stations10 lighting the country like a galaxy of planets and stars and suns4 ,here different religious societies have organized more than one hundred churches1 and one hundred times as many converts1 and gathered #bj1jjj children in its schools4 ,to this it must be added that nearly a score of dialects have been mastered1 and portions of the ,scriptures printed in as many tongues2 while millions of real heathen have felt the blessed influence of the ,gospel4 ,as you will see by the map1 there is a belt of missions from the ,senegal on the north along the coast to the mouth of the ,niger1 and up the ,niger the native black ,bishop ,crowther has located nine mission stations1 manned by converted heathen1 who are pushing northward toward ,timbuctoo1 with their steamers and other facilities for extending the work4 ,we1 of the ,american ,missionary ,association1 are in the heart of this great domain4 ,the ,mendi tribe is supposed to occupy a region hundreds of miles inland1 and to number two millions of souls4 ,the work of our missionaries on that ground is fruitful of suggestions and encouragement4 ,the faith and aspirations of all1 ,i believe1 was expressed by ,mr4 ,anthony1 a colored hero from ,berea1 ,ky41 in his letter to ,new ,york3 8,if you had the money ,i would say1 send #ajj1jjj missionaries to ,africa at once40 ,the ,freedmen are rapidly fitting themselves to go up and possess this land for ,christ4 ,give us the money and we will send them forward4 ,at some of the fashionable watering-places by the shores of the sea1 during the past summer1 you noticed chains of electric lights illuminating the fairy-like towers and palaces and abodes of ten thousand pleasure-seekers1 who1 amid music and gayety and song1 sported in the tide as it broke in billowy grandeur on the snowy sands2 darkness was changed to day1 and night abolished by the wonderful discovery of ,mr4 ,edison4 ,so1 ,i think1 our missionary stations in ,western ,africa are electric lights1 dispelling the darkness and ushering in that light which is the truth and the way4 ,mr4 ,edison maintains his luminaries by batteries with positive and negative poles1 two extremes operating one over against the other4 ,not otherwise is it with the lights of the missionary world4 ,they must be supported by the great batteries of prayer and sacrifice4 ,praying and giving must be our watchword4 ,pray the ,lord of the harvest that ,he send forth the laborer into ,his harvest1 and remember the words of the ,lord ,jesus1 how ,he said1 8,it is more blessed to give than to receive40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,indians4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,your committee1 to whom has been referred that part of the report of the ,executive ,committee which concerns the ,american ,indians1 beg leave to report as follows3 ,another event has occurred1 in what may surely be termed the providence of ,god1 to compel the attention of ,christians to the condition of the ,indians1 and to our methods of dealing with them4 ,whatever may be said of the policy of the ,government1 the fact is that the paroxysm into which the country is thrown at each new ,indian outbreak1 the perplexed uncertainty which is then manifested by our chief public officers1 the conflict of orders which issue from the different departments of the ,government1 the passionate demands which are then made for radical changes in our policy1 and the general hopelessness of permanent improvement in the condition of the ,indian which that wide-spread demand indicates--these conspire to prove that1 if not a fundamental change1 at least a more intelligent aim is necessary in our method of dealing with these1 the most perplexing of our national wards4 ,in the hope of furnishing a basis of discussion1 and of guiding the efforts of the ,association in the new problems which are arising1 your committee venture to embody their suggestions in the form of a series of resolutions1 which we present for adoption1 if your wisdom approves them4 ,resolved1 ,that the aim of this ,association shall be1 as far as possible and as rapidly as possible1 to secure for the ,indians-- #a4 ,a legalized standing in the ,courts of the ,united ,states4 #b4 ,ownership of land in severalty4 #c4 ,the full rights of ,american citizenship4 ,these three things1 we believe1 are essential if the ,indian is to be1 not ,christianized or civilized1 but saved from extermination4 ,resolved1 ,that this ,association most heartily indorses the plan of the ,indian ,bureau to secure to as many ,indians as possible the advantages of education offered at such distant schools as those at ,hampton and ,carlisle2 at the same time we believe that the system of boarding schools on the reservations1 which for many years have been maintained by the ,government and the missionaries1 is the chief educational agency that must be relied upon for bettering the condition of the ,indian4 ,resolved1 ,that to this end the members of this ,association will do all in their power to make the ,indian question a pressing question until the attention of ,congress is so secured and held to it that the legislative enactment necessary to bring about these changes be completely accomplished4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,stimson1 ,a4 ,f4 ,,sherrill1 ,s4 ,r4 ,,riggs ,,wm4 ,,crawford1 ,m4 ,b4 ,,wilder1 ,,joseph ,,hart1 ,e4 ,p4 ,,smith4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,indian ,,question4 ,,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,stimson1 ,,minneapolis1 ,,minn4 ,i stand before you to speak upon the ,indian question with an inexpressible sadness4 ,the hopelessness of securing justice or mercy for the ,indian oppresses me4 ,i seem to hear the cry of the ,pilgrim's saintly pastor1 when the news came to him across the ocean of their first fight with the natives of ,new ,england1 8,i would that you had converted some before you killed any40 ,our injustice and oppression of the ,indian are not the slow growth of years1 as they have been to-day shown to be in the case of the negro2 they sprang into being full armed1 bitter and destructive1 like the spirits from ,pandora's box4 ,as early as #afge the devoted ,john ,eliot wrote to ,gov4 ,winthrop from the wigwams in which he was consecrating his culture and his life to their conversion3 8,i humbly request that one effect of this trouble may be to humble the ,english to do the ,indians justice40 7,letter to ,hon4 ,mr4 ,winthrop1 ,governor of ,connecticut4 ,roxbury1 this #bdth of the fifth month1 #afge47 ,the prayer has remained unanswered through the centuries4 ,i am oppressed with the necessity of arraigning my ,government and my country of crime4 ,it is but a short time since ,england was horrified with the account of the barbarous atrocities committed by an ,english governor upon the blacks of ,jamaica4 ,a committee was at once formed1 as an expression of the best sentiment of ,england1 for the purpose of bringing the perpetrators of the crime to justice4 ,reviewing the work of the ,jamaica committee1 of which he had been chairman1 ,john ,stuart ,mill records its failure4 ,it was defeated not by the law1 but by the grand jury1 the representatives of the people4 8,it was not a popular proceeding10 he writes1 8in the eyes of the great middle classes of ,england to bring ,english functionaries to the bar of a criminal court for abuses of power committed against negroes40 7,autobiography1 pp4 #bif-i47 ,it is as unpopular to arraign our ,government for abuse of the ,indian to-day4 ,a single sentence1 however1 of ,mr4 ,mill's gives me courage to proceed4 ,he says3 8,the ,lord ,chief ,justice ,cockburn's charge settled the law for the future40 ,it may be that some simple statements of fact may open the eyes of our people and prepare the way for redress4 ,early in the century ,sidney ,smith said of the ,english nation1 in reference to the possibility of converting the ,hindoos to ,christ3 8,we have exemplified in our public conduct every crime of which human nature is capable40 ,those words stand to-day the terms of the indictment of the ,united ,states in her dealings with the ,indians4 ,we have persistently broken faith with them4 ,a volume of testimony might readily be produced2 but ,gen4 ,leake's able setting forth of the history of our ,indian treaties furnishes all the proof necessary4 ,but as a single illustration1 take this statement from a ,government official4 ,in seven of our most important treaties with as many different tribes we have bound ourselves to provide education for the children of those tribes4 ,at a low estimate there are #cc1jjj children of schoolable age4 ,the ,government has provided accommodations for but #b1ehi4 ,add #e1jhb as the number who may possibly be further accommodated in the miserable makeshifts of transient day schools1 and you have but #g1fga as the total provision4 7,letter of ,acting ,indian ,commissioner ,brooks1 ,april #bh1 #ahgi47 ,but why begin this story8 ,we have made the name ,modoc one to frighten children with for a generation2 but the ,modoc chief who killed the brave ,gen4 ,canby had first been himself betrayed1 and had his kindred killed under a ,u4,s4 flag of truce2 and his women had been violated and burned to death4 7,bishop ,whipple's letter to ,n4 ,y4 ,evening ,post1 ,jan41 #ahgi47 ,we fought the ,nez ,perces2 and when that able and manly chief ,joseph surrendered1 he did it on conditions the flagrant violation of which on the part of our ,government is known to every ,indian on the plains4 7,mr4 ,tibball's letter of ,october #i1 #ahgi1 in ,n4 ,y4 ,tribune47 ,we have justified the sneers with which ,sitting ,bull dismissed ,assistant ,secretary ,cowan in a council held before the outbreak of the last ,sioux war3 8,return to your own land1 and when you have found a white man who does not lie1 come back40 ,we furnished occasion for the sorrowful words of the old chief who1 after the ,custer massacre1 came to the ,whipple ,commission on the ,missouri and said3 8,look out there4 ,the prairie is wet with the blood of the white man4 ,i hear the voices of beautiful women crying for their husbands1 who will never return4 ,it is not an ,indian war4 ,it is a white man's war1 for the white man has lied4 ,take this pipe to the great ,father and tell him to smoke it1 for it is the pipe of truth40 ,what a parody is this on our national history6 ,we boast of a father of his country who always told the truth4 ,the ,indian knows our ,government by the name of 8,washington10 and the ,indian says 8,washington always lies40 ,gen4 ,stanley has said3 8,when ,i think of the way we have broken faith1 ,i am ashamed to look an ,indian in the face40 ,gen4 ,harney said to the ,sioux in #ahfh3 8,if my ,government does not keep this agreement1 ,i will come back and ask the first ,indian ,i meet to shoot me40 7,bishop ,whipple in ,faribault ,democrat1 ,jan4 #e1 #ahgg47 ,gen4 ,harney does not revisit the ,sioux4 ,we have stolen from the ,indians2 we are stealing from them all the time4 ,i do not speak of the lordly robbery1 in which the strong possesses himself of the lands1 and if occasion serve1 of the home of the weak1 and justifies it by the right of the stronger4 ,i speak of the petty stealing of the thief4 ,three years ago there came past my home a long procession of ,indian ponies4 ,where did they come from8 ,they were the property of the ,sioux on the reservations west of us4 ,in the face of the ordinance of #aghi1 which expressly declares that their lands and property shall never be taken1 nor their liberties invaded1 except in lawful wars authorized by ,congress1 in violation of the terms of their treaties1 and in disregard of the express declaration of the ,president in response to the telegram of the agent1 8,tell the friendly ,indians that they shall be protected in their persons and property10 their ponies were gathered and driven off by officers of the army acting under orders4 ,the ,indians were left without their only means of transportation for fuel or food1 and no redress has ever been secured4 ,no inventory of individual personal property was kept1 and the stolen ponies were scattered through ,minnesota1 and what were left sold for a song in ,st4 ,paul4 ,gen4 ,crook has recently said that the ,sioux of the ,red ,cloud and ,spotted ,tail bands have been robbed during the past winter and spring of over a thousand ponies1 which robbery the army1 under the new posse comitatus act1 is powerless to prevent4 7,letter of ,june #ai1 #ahgi1 in ,new ,york ,tribune47 ,what ,i am saying must not be understood as an arraignment of the officers of the army1 or indeed of the chief officials of the ,government4 ,the army officers have been almost without an exception the firm friends of the ,indian1 and none have borne more emphatic testimony to their bad treatment than such generals as ,sherman1 ,harney1 ,stanley1 ,augur1 ,howard1 ,pope and ,crook4 ,the latter said the other day1 in response to the remark that it was hard to be called to sacrifice life in settling quarrels brought about by thieving contractors1 8,i will tell you a harder thing4 ,it is to be forced to fight and kill ,indians when ,i know they are clearly in the right40 ,the responsibility is with the representatives of the people1 with ,congress4 ,but to return to the indictment4 ,we have forced the ,indians to break the law by placing them under conditions in which it was not possible for them to obey the law and live4 ,this can be proven by the records of many of the ,indian reservations when we have attempted to shut them in on lands where starvation was inevitable4 ,of my own knowledge ,i can speak of a reservation on which some #a1gjj ,indians were commanded to remain where there was barely food for a grasshopper1 and where in the month of ,september the little children begged the passer for food1 and the dogs were the picture of famine4 ,we have debauched their women4 ,remember that an ,indian has no standing in our courts1 and it is easy to see what contact with the whites means to him and his family4 ,he has no redress when his home is violated2 and the knowledge of his helplessness makes him the prey of every libertine1 until on the distant plains the proximity of a ,government post is a sign of his misery4 7,general ,carrington construed this remark to apply to army officers1 and corrected it publicly4 ,that was not its intent4 ,the officers of the army are gentlemen4 ,the fort brings into the neighborhood of the ,indians and offers more or less of shelter to many men of a very different stamp47 ,we have not stopped short of murder4 ,the record is a long and bloody one4 ,the details of the ,custer massacre are still fresh in your minds4 ,the nation stood still and lifted up its hands in horror at the disaster which in a moment had annihilated every man of a large detachment of ,u4,s4 troops1 not sparing their noble and brilliant leader4 ,but where was the real 8,custer massacre08 ,go back to #ahfh1 to where1 under the shadow of ,fort ,cobb1 on land assigned to them by the ,united ,states1 stood a small ,indian village4 ,its chief was ,black ,kettle1 a man whose name was a by-word among his fellows for cowardice1 because he could not be induced to fight the whites--a man of whom ,gen4 ,harney said1 8,i have worn the uniform of the ,united ,states for fifty-five years2 ,i knew ,black ,kettle well2 he was as good a friend of the white man as ,i am40 ,he had been to the commandant of the post seeking protection for himself and his people1 because troops were in the neighborhood4 ,four days afterwards ,gen4 ,custer surrounded that village1 and although the ,indians fought with desperation1 not a man1 woman or child escaped alive4 ,gen4 ,custer doubtless believed he had fallen upon a hostile camp4 ,was the mistake any the less terrible8 ,was the butchery any the less shocking8 ,the blood of innocent ,indians on the ,wischita cried unto ,god1 and the answer came in the deluge of blood on the ,rosebud4 99 99 99 99 ,but you ask1 has this been the history of our other ,indian wars8 ,our first war with the ,sioux was in #aheb to #ahed4 ,for thirty years it had been the boast of the ,sioux that they had never killed a white man4 ,how did the war begin8 ,a ,mormon emigrant train crossing the plains lost a cow1 which a band of ,sioux1 who were living in the neighborhood in perfect peace1 found and took4 ,the ,mormons discovering this1 made complaint at ,fort ,laramie1 and a lieutenant with a squad of soldiers was sent to recover the lost property4 ,it could not be found4 ,it was already assimilated into ,indian4 ,but the ,indians offered to pay for it4 ,this the lieutenant refused to accept1 demanding the surrender of the man who had taken the cow for punishment4 ,the ,indians said he could not be found2 whereupon--will it be believed8--the lieutenant ordered his troops to fire1 and the ,indian chief fell dead4 ,those troops never fired again2 they were killed in their tracks2 and this was the beginning of the great ,sioux war which cost the ,government forty millions of dollars and many lives4 7,speech of ,president ,seeley1 of ,massachusetts1 in ,congress1 ,april #ac1 #ahge47 ,you know the story of the ,sioux war in ,minnesota--the withheld appropriations1 the taunts and the starvation4 ,we need not open that terrible chapter again4 ,we were at it again in #ahff4 ,in violation of the most explicit agreements we built ,forts ,phil ,kearney1 ,reno and ,smith1 in their country2 they flew to arms2 the cost to the ,government was a million dollars a month2 and finally the forts were vacated4 ,we had a great war with the ,cheyennes in #ahfd-e4 ,it began in the most atrocious massacre that disgraces the annals of our country4 ,it was at a time when settlers were pouring into ,colorado4 ,the buffalo had become scarce2 the annuities for some reason had ceased2 the ,indians were sad and depressed4 ,but they kept the peace4 ,black ,kettle1 of whom ,i have already spoken1 was their chief4 ,a white man made complaint to a ,united ,states officer that an ,indian had stolen some of his horses4 ,the officer did not know the man1 nor whether or not he had owned any horses2 but he fitted out an expedition to seize horses4 ,soon they ran across ,indians and claimed their stock1 though the ,indians protested that they had only ponies and no ,american horses4 ,a fight ensued and some ,indians were killed4 ,black ,kettle knew his danger4 ,he rushed at once to the ,governor of ,colorado1 seeking protection4 ,it was refused4 ,col4 ,boone1 an old resident of the ,territory1 told ,bishop ,whipple that it was the saddest company he had even seen when they stopped at his house on their way back4 ,he offered them food1 but they said3 8,our hearts are sick2 we cannot eat40 ,soon after troops appeared upon the horizon4 ,black ,kettle and his two brothers went out with a white flag to meet them4 ,they fired on the flag and the two brothers fell dead4 ,black ,kettle returned to his camp4 ,three men in the ,united ,states uniform were in his tepee4 ,he said2 8,i believe you are spies2 it shall never be said that a man ate ,black ,kettle's bread and came to harm in his tent4 ,go to your people before the fight begins40 ,he gathered his men and they fought for their lives4 ,a few escaped2 but men1 women and children were massacred in a butchery too horrible to relate1 ,women were ripped open and babes were scalped2 and the ,sand ,creek massacre has gone upon record1 by testimony that cannot be impeached1 as a 8butchery that would have disgraced the tribes of ,central ,africa40 7,bishop ,whipple's letter to ,evening ,post1 ,january1 #ahgi2 and the report of the ,doolittle ,commission47 ,but we fought the ,cheyennes again in #ahfg4 ,what occasioned that war8 ,gen4 ,hancock1 8without any known provocation10 as says the report to ,congress of the ,indian ,bureau1 in ,july1 #ahfg1 surrounded a village of ,cheyennes who had been at peace since the signing of the treaty of #ahfe1 and were quietly occupying the grounds assigned to them by the treaty1 burned down the homes of three hundred lodges1 destroyed all their provisions1 clothing1 utensils and property of every description1 to the value of #ajj1jjj4 ,this led to a war that extended over three years1 and cost us #dj1jjj1jjj and three hundred men4 7,president ,seeley's speech47 ,we have just fought the ,bannocks and ,shoshones4 ,in ,november1 #ahgh1 ,gen4 ,crook wrote to the ,government3 8,with the ,bannocks and ,shoshones our ,indian policy has resolved itself into a question of war-path or starvation2 and being human1 many of them will choose the former1 in which death shall at least be glorious40 ,is it necessary to say anything more of that war8 ,why pursue the story8 ,the late ,congressman 7now ,president7 ,seeley1 of ,amherst ,college1 says3 8,there has not been an ,indian war for the past fifty years in which the whites have not been the aggressors40 ,what1 then1 is to be done8 ,i press upon you the importance of these resolutions4 ,standing in the courts1 the recognition of the ,indian as a person with rights1 inalienable as yours and mine1 to life1 to justice1 to property1 this is the first1 the absolute essential4 ,as long ago as #ahjg1 ,governor 7afterwards ,president7 ,harrison said3 8,the utmost efforts to induce the ,indians to take up arms would be unavailing if one only of the many persons who have committed murder upon their people could be brought to punishment40 ,generals ,harney and ,pope have testified of late that this is as true now as then4 ,in #ahjb ,president ,jefferson wrote to a friend that he had heard that there was one man left of the ,peorias1 and said 8,if there is only one1 justice demands that his rights shall be respected40 ,reviewing subsequent history we may well repeat ,jefferson's solemn words1 8,i tremble for my country when ,i know that ,god is just60 ,we can make no more treaties with the ,indians4 ,the act of #ahga put an end to that dreadful farce4 ,there have been nearly #ijj treaties since #aghe4 ,they have been the loaded dice with which we have always won and the ,indian always lost4 ,we have hoodwinked ourselves by them to a perpetual fraud and deception4 ,they have been to the ,indian a veritable compact of death4 ,relying on them he has sooner or later found himself held by the throat by the wolf starvation1 or impaled on the bayonet of the soldier2 crowded to the wall by the encroaching settler1 or removed to the wilderness by the ,government as soon as he had begun to make for himself a home4 ,the ,stockbridges have been thus removed four times in a hundred years1 and are now on a reservation where it is impossible to get a living4 ,the ,poncas are the latest instance4 ,treaties must give place to personal rights4 ,we must provide something better for him than a reservation2 that is1 life in a community for which we have provided no law1 no courts1 no police1 no officer other than an anomalous 8agent10 no ownership of land--nothing1 in short1 that all civilized people regard as the first element of civilized life1 and without which the congregate life of bodies of men is impossible4 ,we say to him1 ,cease to be a savage1 hungry but free1 and come and be a pauper1 dependent on the will of others1 without law1 and still hungry4 ,as one of the agents wrote in #ahge3 8,it is a condition of things that would turn a white community into chaos in twelve months40 ,it behooves every honest man1 every man who loves his country1 to see that the day of equal personal rights for the ,indian1 the only man on the broad earth who has none1 shall at once dawn4 ,but ,i remember that ,i am speaking to a company of ,christians4 ,religion before all else can prepare the ,indian to make the most of his citizenship4 ,look at this picture4 ,here is a wigwam in the pine forest4 ,before it is a tall pole1 from the top of which hangs a dried bladder containing a few rattling shells and stones4 ,it is the wigwam of ,shaydayence1 or ,little ,pelican1 chief medicine man of the ,gull ,lakers4 ,he is the incarnation of the devil in that tribe4 ,he holds the tribe in his hand1 and represents their idolatry and their bloodthirstiness4 ,it is due to him that the missionary has been driven away4 ,more than that1 he is an inveterate drunkard4 ,he has been rescued from freezing to death1 drunk in the woods1 by a chance lumberman finding him and thawing him out before an extemporized fire4 ,the scene changes4 ,there is again a wigwam4 ,lift the blanket door and enter4 ,three old women are warming themselves by the fire in the centre4 ,a young man lies upon the ground singing aloud from an ,ojibway hymn-book1 which he reads by the fire-light4 ,an old man rises to greet you1 asks you to sit down1 and proceeds to talk about ,jesus ,christ4 ,it is the same ,shaydayence4 ,he is known now as the leader of the singing band of the ,chippewas1 who goes from house to house with a few young men to plead with his countrymen to love ,christ4 ,a little later you find him living in a log house with table and chairs and stove1 a white man's home1 cultivating also his garden4 ,what wrought the change8 ,he had a friend1 ,nayboneshkong1 who was sick and dying4 ,he went to see him4 ,the sick man had long been a ,christian1 and now rallied himself to speak for the last time4 ,hour after hour he expostulated and pleaded4 ,he rose from his bed with preternatural strength4 ,he walked the floor1 still talking and praying4 ,morning came1 ,nayboneshkong was dead1 and ,shaydayence went to his wigwam to begin the new life of a ,christian man4 ,observe that he was a savage1 a medicine man and a drunkard4 ,what other influence could have saved him8 ,would education1 or citizenship1 or civilization1 or legal standing1 or property rights8 ,nothing2 nothing but the personal power of ,jesus ,christ2 and that did4 ,the story goes that once there appeared at the cave of a hermit a little child1 naked and cold and hungry4 ,the good man eagerly took him in1 and from his own scanty store clothed and fed and warmed him4 ,he set his heart upon him as upon his own son4 ,the next day the hermit was gone4 ,it was ,jesus who had come thus needy to his door1 and proving his love1 had in return taken him to himself1 and like ,enoch1 the hermit was not4 ,the child1 naked and hungry and cold at our door1 is the ,indian4 ,i hear the voice of the ,lord himself saying1 8,inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these1 ye have done it unto me40 ,you have pointed out the large part which in the providence of ,god may yet be appointed to the negro race to play in doing ,god's work in the world4 ,i know nothing of the future of the ,indian in this direction4 ,he may have no 8genius for religion10 no 8peculiar talent of faith10 no 8wonderful power in song40 ,that he has talents which are respectable1 none who know him can doubt4 ,but be that as it may1 before all other men he stands to-day the living witness of the promise of the ,scripture1 that ,christ 8is able to save to the uttermost them that come unto ,god by him40 ,he1 brethren1 is the 8uttermost0 man--the sinner who1 abused1 outcast and despised1 is1 at least in your eyes1 the furthest of all men from hope and from ,christ4 ,have you religion enough to try to save him8 ,if so1 begin by showing him justice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,chinese4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,california ,,chinese ,,mission40 ,auxiliary to the ,american ,missionary ,association4 ,,president3 ,rev4 ,j4 ,k4 ,mc,lean1 ,d4 ,d4 ,,vice-,,presidents3 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,stone1 ,d4 ,d41 ,thomas ,o4 ,wedderspoon1 ,esq41 ,rev4 ,t4 ,e4 ,noble1 ,hon4 ,f4 ,f4 ,low1 ,rev4 ,i4 ,e4 ,dwinell1 ,d4 ,d41 ,hon4 ,samuel ,cross1 ,rev4 ,s4 ,h4 ,willey1 ,d4 ,d41 ,edward ,p4 ,flint1 ,esq41 ,rev4 ,j4 ,w4 ,hough1 ,d4 ,d41 ,jacob ,s4 ,taber1 ,esq4 ,,directors3 ,rev4 ,george ,mooar1 ,d4 ,d41 ,hon4 ,e4 ,d4 ,sawyer1 ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,baker1 ,james ,m4 ,haven1 ,esq41 ,rev4 ,joseph ,rowell1 ,rev4 ,john ,kimball1 ,e4 ,p4 ,sanford1 ,esq4 ,,secretary3 ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,pond4 ,,treasurer3 ,e4 ,palache1 ,esq4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,the report opens with stating the greatness of the problems with which the ,association has to grapple1 protests against the discriminating legislation of ,state and nation1 and concludes as follows3 ,we regard the work of this ,association among the ,chinamen in ,america as fruitful in good results4 ,its ,superintendent on the field has said3 8,i doubt whether any evangelistic labor in connection with our churches has yielded larger results1 in proportion to the funds employed and the breadth which we have been permitted to give to the work40 ,that work has been limited4 ,out of #agi1jjj expended by this ,association last year1 only #f1eif was given to this work4 ,this was increased a little by other funds in ,california4 ,but this sum1 applied to twelve schools1 with twenty-one teachers and #a1dhi pupils1 is too small for the greatness of the work1 for the #ajj1jjj ,chinamen in this country have the closest relations with the millions left at home4 ,they are constantly coming and going4 ,the ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,pond said in #ahgf that during the fourteen preceding years nearly #acj1jjj had landed in ,san ,francisco1 or about #i1jjj annually2 but they are returning nearly or quite as fast as they come4 ,they are 8picked young men1 industrious1 enterprising1 persistent40 ,as they come to us1 feel our molding touch to harden or to soften1 and then return home1 we owe it to them1 to ourselves1 and to ,christ1 to pass as much as possible of this moving stream of immortal souls through our schools and under the influence of ,one greater than ,confucius4 ,we want the returning stream to bear on its bosom the glad tidings of the ,lord ,jesus ,christ4 ,we1 therefore1 recommend the enlargement of this work to its utmost demand4 ,it touches vitally the evangelization of #djj1jjj1jjj of brothers and sisters4 ,this work is broader than that among the ,indian and the ,negro2 it is broader than the evangelization of ,africa4 ,we press its importance1 therefore1 both upon the officers and the constituent members of this ,association1 for by and by we may see in it the ,divine purpose to redeem ,china by means of the ,chinamen returning home laden with the riches of grace1 more precious than gold4 ,your committee desire to express their high appreciation of the able and exhaustive paper on the ,chinese question read before the ,association by the ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,twichell1 and submitted to this committee1 and recommend its publication4 ,your committee deem it of great importance suitably to recognize the action of ,president ,hayes in saving us by a veto from national disgrace4 ,when ,congress had so far forgotten the whole past policy of our ,government1 and the principles of ,christianity imbedded in the foundations of the ,republic1 as to pass a bill indirectly abrogating a treaty unmentioned in the bill1 the ,executive interposed and saved both our treaty and our honor4 ,we would suggest1 therefore1 the expression of our appreciation of his action in the adoption of the following resolution1 viz43 ,resolved1 ,that the ,american ,missionary ,association1 assembled in its thirty-third anniversary1 believing that the treaties existing between the ,united ,states and ,china1 so far as they relate to the rights of emigration from one country to the other1 and the treatment such emigrants should receive from the people and nation among whom and in which they live1 are right1 just1 wise and ,christian1 does heartily record its appreciation of the high services which ,president ,hayes1 under ,god1 has1 by his timely veto of the anti-,chinese bill1 been enabled to render the ,republic1 in preserving inviolate its treaty obligations and also the cause of ,christianity1 in removing a threatened formidable barrier to the evangelization of the ,chinese1 not only in ,america1 but also in their native land1 and the ,association hereby tenders him its profound thanks for the same4 ,resolved1 ,that the secretaries of this ,association be authorized to convey to ,president ,hayes this our action4 ,a4 ,,hastings ,,ross1 ,w4 ,a4 ,,nichols1 ,,charles ,c4 ,,cragin1 ,,mark ,,williams1 ,c4 ,,caverno1 ,e4 ,m4 ,,williams1 ,,jee ,,gam4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,china--,,the ,,situation4 ,,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,twichell1 ,,hartford1 ,,conn4 ,,our ,,opportunity4 99 99 99 99 ,much as anterior conditions and causes have to do with it1 the great opportunity now maturing in ,china for the ingress of revolutionary influences from without1 has been pre-eminently shaped by ,protestant missions2 and in the nature of the case1 it devolves on ,protestant ,christendom the highest obligations to meet it that circumstances can create4 ,to no other nation1 however1 does such a share of this opportunity and corresponding obligation fall as to the ,united ,states2 for we sustain relations to the ,chinese ,government and to the ,chinese people that are1 in important respects1 singular4 7#a47 ,to begin with1 there is the relation of neighborhood4 ,sailing up the ,pacific1 near our coast1 one summer evening1 ,yung ,wing1 leaning against the steamer guards1 and looking across the level waters to the westward1 said1 8,yonder lies my country1 next land to this40 ,between us and ,china1 between our two realms1 the one so old1 the other so young1 for a thousand miles of coast on either side1 nothing intervenes but the sea1 which no state owns1 and that is contiguity4 ,along so great a boundary ,america and ,china may be said to touch1 yet without possibility of territorial dispute4 ,and this nearness is one feature of our special opportunity4 7#b47 ,a second and more pregnant feature of it is to be noted in the good-will that in a peculiar degree characterizes the relations of our two countries in the past and in the present4 ,this may seem a strange thing to say just now1 but the truth of it will appear on a brief survey of facts4 ,probably it is less our merit than our fortune1 but it is certainly the latter1 that through the whole stage of that unhappy1 though largely unavoidable collision of ,china with the foreign powers1 by which she was forced off from her intolerable policy of exclusion1 our ,government was the least conspicuous of the principal aggressors1--less so than ,france1 less so than ,england1 less so than ,russia4 ,to the several treaties in which the collision issued1 that with the ,united ,states1 and that alone1 contained the express provision that the parties to it1 and their peoples respectively1 should 8not insult or oppress each other for any trifling cause1 so as to produce an estrangement between them40 ,there has been1 and is1 less bitter remembrance of us on the score of that conflict than of the other belligerents engaged in it4 ,again1 while we have subsequently had men in the various ranks of our diplomatic service in ,china who have hurt us there1 and have them still1 we have probably given least offence on that score4 ,no thanks to our civil service want of system2 but in the providence of ,god1 we have had more than our proportion there of men who have helped our good fame4 ,eighteen years ago we sent thither an ambassador1 one result of whose six years of official life there was1 that at the end of that time jealous ,pekin had come to recognize in him1 what he truly was1 a friend to ,china4 ,i mean1 of course1 ,anson ,burlingame1 of ,massachusetts4 ,for his friendship1 ,china offered to his acceptance honors never before or since conferred on a foreigner4 ,she freely committed to his hands a trust of supreme magnitude4 ,she made him her ambassador to all the western people4 ,in that capacity he came home to his own country1 and framed with us the first of that new series of treaties in which ,china gave and received the pledge that made her a member on equal footing of the family of nations4 ,and that treaty1 the work of our own citizen1 large minded enough to value the capabilities of that great people1 large hearted enough also to make his sympathy felt by its rulers1 still stands1 and is going to stand4 ,but this most remarkable and luminous paragraph of history--is there another such between ,china and any other nation but ours8 7#c47 ,finally1 as if to supply the last term required to complete our relationship for all possible service to the ,chinese race1 as if to openly designate and summon us to the office of aiding its emergence into a new life1 especially of ministering to it the holy faith1 7which is the best gift we have to impart1 the one secret and source of our happier lot17 for us and for us alone1 of all ,protestant ,christendom1 by bringing to our soil1 to the presence of our institutions1 to our church doors1 a multitude of ,chinese people themselves1 ,god provided the condition of personal contact4 ,that was the rounding and perfection of our opportunity4 ,but1 it will naturally be inquired1 is not whatsoever exceptional advantage gained for us in the past mostly annulled by the later and recent record of social and political hostility here at home1 which stands against us in our account with ,china8 ,i think not4 ,the shameful truth is1 ,china is wonted to the ill-treatment of her subjects on foreign ,christian soil1 and if we have furnished no exception to the rule1 our outrage has been milder than she is accustomed to2 so that1 after all that has happened to wound her feelings here1 there still remains to us the benefit1 though it is nothing1 ,i repeat1 to be proud of1 of comparison with worse doers4 ,,advantages ,,of ,,the ,,anti-,,chinese ,,agitation4 ,i am glad to pass to a pleasanter topic1 and to remark next1 that there are certain incidental consequences of the anti-,chinese agitation1 and1 as well1 certain circumstances felicitously contemporaneous with it1 that have operated to offset and countervail the injury which that agitation may be supposed to have inflicted on our relation with ,china--that have done more than that4 ,first1 it has developed and brought out into expression a vastly preponderant public opinion adverse to the whole movement4 ,the argument for it has been heard and canvassed1 and not without sympathy2 for it was presented by our own countrymen1 and it was not to be questioned that they were in a measure of honest difficulty of some sort with the matter they brought to trial4 ,but ,i think it is entirely true to say that the event of the discussion has been that the argument is answered4 ,it did not stand as to its facts4 ,i believe that all the main counts of the indictment against ,chinese emigration and ,chinese emigrants we severally disproved to the public satisfaction4 ,but beside this aspect of the case1 and to a great extent independently of it1 the judgment asked for1 viz41 the adoption of the policy of exclusion1 was considered4 ,whereupon it appeared that it was the proposal of an act no less serious1 no less forbidden1 than to disown and repudiate a principle1 the maintenance of which more than any other thing distinguishes us as a nation1 which our fathers built into the foundation of our government1 which we have always advocated to the world in every publishment of our political creed--a principle which we have ever claimed to be one of natural right1 which we have persistently endeavored1 from the outset of our national existence1 to persuade other governments to recognize as such1 and which we had particularly emphasized in the very treaty of which this act1 if consented to1 would be the violation4 ,it appeared1 furthermore1 that it was a proposal that we take toward ,china the very attitude which we had helped force ,china out of1 as towards ourselves and other nations1 i4 e41 that we borrow a page of cast-off ,chinese politics and insert it in our law--that it was a proposal to return from the nineteenth to the eleventh century1 and convert to the use of a modern free republic something in the likeness of a medieval edict against the ,jews2 that1 finally1 it was a proposal to go back upon ourselves1 to revoke our own most recent step of advance in civilization1 and restore that doctrine of race discrimination1 which we had lately put away4 ,and when this was seen1 the country said1 ,no6 ,legislature1 chamber of commerce1 institutions of learning1 benevolent organizations1 united in the protest4 ,the general voice was1 that whatever evil there was to be remedied must be dealt with in some other way4 ,a ,congressional committee1 indeed1 brought in a report not warranted by the evidence it had heard1 favorable to the policy of exclusion--the lamented ,morton dissenting--and ,congress itself passed the anti-,chinese bill4 ,but that was ,congress1 which has reasons of its own for what it does sometimes1 not very mysterious in this instance4 ,but the report for the people1 which the people with little distinction of party gratefully and audibly accepted1 was made by ,president ,hayes in his strong veto4 ,of course the ,chinese ,government1 through its representatives at ,washington1 is accurately informed of all this2 and besides1 the ,chinese ,government reads the papers4 ,thus an attempt which1 had it succeeded1 would have destroyed our friendship with ,china1 has not only failed1 but has been the occasion of such an expression of the national sentiment of good-will toward her as never had been made before1 and as could not have been made otherwise4 ,a minor but very much to be noted result of the affair has been the disclosure of the actual state of things in ,california4 ,it has shown how and where the anti-,chinese movement started1 how low its origin was and how it grew1 by what means1 by what management it drew into it such respectable elements as it did2 that it was fomented by the press operating in the field of ,state politics--that it was mainly a worked-up irrational furor kindling by contagion1 and did not really signify what it seemed to4 ,it was shown that much of the best part of ,california was not in it4 ,why1 the evidence for the defence on which the country1 balancing it with the other evidence heard1 found its verdict aforesaid1 was1 all of it1 the evidence of ,california men--men from the first rank of citizenship4 ,it transpired that there was in ,california a not inconsiderable party on the poor ,chinaman's side1 not forbearing to denounce and oppose the violation of his rights1 and to testify in his favor1 that much as had been said and done there against him1 a good deal in the name of ,christian benevolence and humanity and justice had been said and done for him4 ,and so in the upshot of the public trial of the case it has come about that the offence of ,california is mitigated by it4 ,and to the affront perpetrated in the halls of ,congress in addition to the offset furnished by the public attitude1 there has been a special one1 too remarkable not to be mentioned4 ,it was a most lamentable spectacle to see a man like ,james ,g4 ,blaine1 of ,new ,england1 in the eminence of his position1 his great gifts and his reputation1 stand up in the ,united ,states ,senate1 and before the world turn the power of his rare eloquence against the cause of the weak4 ,it was too bad4 ,it cannot be excused4 ,but not only did his utterances call out replies from the most capable and influential sources1 notably from ,dr4 ,s4 ,wells ,williams1 long resident in ,china1 but now of ,yale ,college1 than whom there is no higher authority on ,china and ,chinese affairs living2 from ,henry ,ward ,beecher1 in a splendid address given in ,philadelphia on the #c;d of last ,march2 and from ,william ,lloyd ,garrison1 in a noble letter of protest1 his dying deliverance1 the last shot the old warrior for humanity fired2--not only1 ,i say1 did ,mr4 ,blaine provoke these replies by which he was convicted of ignorance and fallacy and his argument throughout annihilated2 but it happened that almost at the same time he was misrepresenting both ,china and us at the ,capitol1 another citizen of this country1 in the eminence of a still more illustrious fame1 was in the far ,east1 in the audience of ,china herself1 speaking our true mind for us2 for it was to a delegation of the ,chinese merchants of ,penang that1 in the month of ,april of the present year1 ,gen4 ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant1 in that felicity of well-chosen and straightforward simple speech that is characteristic of him1 said1 8,the hostility of which you complain does not represent the real sentiment of ,america1 but is the work of demagogues4 99 99 99 ,i do not doubt1 and no one can doubt1 that in the end1 no matter what effect the agitation for the time being may have1 the ,american people will treat the ,chinese with kindness and justice1 and not deny to the true and deserving people of your country the asylum they offer to the rest of the world40 ,and may ,god bless him for saying it4 ,moreover1 in the month of ,june following1 this same man of great deeds and weighty speech1 in an interview with certain of the highest officials of the empire at ,peking1 and at their request1 offered counsel1 which a few weeks later1 on a like request1 he repeated in an interview with the ,emperor of ,japan1 to the effect that the time had now arrived when the two nations of ,china and ,japan1 in peace and close alliance with one another1 should no longer submit as they had done to the interference and dictation of foreign powers in their affairs2 should assume control of their own commerce1 and together stand for their independence and their proper rights1 as it became so great nations to do1 and as they were able to do against the world4 ,god bless him for saying that1 too6 ,it was the most seasonable word1 next to the ,gospel1 that has been spoken on that side of the world in this age4 ,and ,i1 for one1 am thankful and proud that it was an ,american who had the breadth of vision and the magnanimity to speak it4 ,and now there remains to be spoken of an outcome of good from the anti-,chinese agitation that is of more immediately practical consequence than any other4 ,it has been the occasion of calling universal and earnest attention1 such as had not been drawn to it before1 and such as it is scarcely conceivable could have been drawn to it otherwise1 to the fact of the presence within our borders of so many of the ,chinese people4 ,the nation at large is now aware of them and informed with respect to them4 ,while it is not yet settled what is to be done with them politically1 and while no doubt there will be further contention over them1 it does seem to be settled that they are not to go by a violent dismissal4 ,here they are1 then1 more than a hundred thousand souls of them1 and here they are to stay4 ,they are an object of the very highest interest1 and that for more reasons than one4 ,not only are they such in themselves1 but they constitute by far the most vital point of our contact with that great nation beyond the sea1 and afford the most available means and medium of reaching it that we possess4 ,and we are interested in them on our own account4 ,by their presence we have already been put to the test in one way1 and we are still to be tested by them in other ways4 ,we are to be tested as to the capacity of our civil institutions1 and as to the power of our religion--no1 not as to the power of our religion1 but as to our power in it4 ,it is one of the most humiliating confessions that can be made1 to say that these people cannot be granted room on our soil1 with liberty and justice under our laws1 with safety to ourselves4 ,it is a still more humiliating confession to say that the attempt to ,christianize them is a hopeless one4 ,is it so that in their case we have come to the end of our resources for securing men the exercise and enjoyment of their few inalienable rights under our ,government8 ,then they are vastly less than we had thought4 ,is it so that the encounter of our ,christianity with heathenism in the persons of a few score thousand pagans1 here on our ground1 within hearing of our ,sabbath bells1 is too much to be ventured1 lest heathenism win the day8 ,then there is not enough to our ,christianity to make it much matter4 ,it is all absurd to say such things4 ,it is not indeed to be questioned that the problem of dealing with this strange element thrown in upon us is a perplexed and difficult one2 but it is not the first perplexed and difficult matter we have had to accommodate1 nor is it the last4 ,our labors as a nation are not over4 ,the time when there will be no perilous or incommoding exigencies arising to disturb our ease as citizens is far distant4 ,who thinks it not so is greatly mistaken4 ,as other vexing problems in the past have been solved1 so with patience this ,chinese problem can be without sacrifice of principle4 ,,our ,,christian ,,duty4 ,it is a work in which the state and the church must co-operate4 ,but we are here to-day to look especially to the part which the latter has in it--as servants of ,christ and as representatives of the ,christian community to attend to the cry of the poor that comes to us from the ,pacific coast1 and to consider how we shall respond to it4 ,the one thing which we are disallowed1 be it first of all observed1 is to deem that our principal duty in the premises is discharged by giving hard words to ,california4 ,we are not to sit in judgment on ,california4 ,we are not in a position to do so1 and ,i trust we are not disposed to do so4 ,there are reasons which the rest of the country does not perceive1 certainly does not feel as ,california does1 why the presence in her population of this unassimilated foreign mass is very undesirable and very trying4 ,not a doubt of it4 ,i have heard ,yung ,wing himself say it4 ,we may with propriety1 in view of some reasons1 on the other hand1 that naturally enough we see more clearly than they do in ,california1 plead with our fellow-citizens there to try and discern the larger aspects of the situation1 and to bear whatsoever ills it entails upon them till they can be remedied in the way that is best for all of us and for all men4 ,if ,i had the ear of the ,irish citizens of ,california ,i would plead with them1 as lately foreigners themselves1 and as sons of a church that for more than five hundred years has befriended ,china through her missions1 and is still doing it1 to regard these new foreigners with more kindness4 ,california is a grand ,state--splendid in her youthful prime--a queenly figure sitting there on her golden shore--our own flesh and blood4 ,our warmest sympathies1 our best hopes are with her4 ,to look upon any fault of hers with less than a generous charity is out of character1 and besides1 in the present instance1 it is nothing to the purpose4 ,the only course for ,christian ,america to take at this juncture is to offer ,california our ,christian service4 ,that we can do1 and the way of it is plain4 ,there are faithful brethren and faithful churches in ,california ready and waiting for help in the work already by them inaugurated1 and carried on sufficiently far to prove beyond cavil the practicability of its success1 bringing these ,chinese thousands under the sway of the gospel of ,christ4 ,some help we have sent them1 but not enough4 ,there ought to be abundance of it2 not only abundance1 but a sufficiency--all that can be used to advantage4 ,this is a mission that ought to be lavishly supported1 that ought not to be stinted as respects either money or men4 ,and the time to push it is now4 ,if the churches of the country will encourage and assist the enterprise in a free-handed1 free-hearted1 neighborly way--the churches of our order1 through the agency of this vigorous and patriotic ,association--the ,chinese question would ere long be satisfactorily and permanently disposed of4 ,nothing would be so effectual to modify and reshape the public sentiment of ,california upon it as such a ,christian demonstration4 ,nothing would more effectually contribute to the evangelization of ,china4 ,nor is there anything at present within our power that would apparently do more to hasten the conversion of the world4 ,,receipts ,,for ,,october1 #ahgi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,maine1 #id4gd4 ,bangor4 ,first ,parish ,ch4 #bh4jj ,bethel4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,brownville4 ,c4 ,l4 ,nichols1 #b bbls4 of ,c4 ,east ,madison4 ,eliza ,bicknell #e4jj ,gardiner4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #af4hd ,north ,yarmouth4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,orland4 ,m4 ,c4 ,trott #e4jj ,thomaston4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch41 bbl4 of ,c4 ,wells4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ae4jj ,winterport4 ,w4 ,r4 ,m4 #b4jj ,winthrop4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4dj ,woolwich4 ,john ,percy1 #b2 ,e4 ,h4 ,t41 #ej;c #b4ej ,yarmouth4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #c bbls4 of ,c41 ,central ,ch41 bbl4 of ,c4 ,,new ,,hampshire1 #aba4eh4 ,amherst4 ,women's ,memorial ,union1 #aj2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #g4ej #ag4ej ,atkinson4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aj4jj ,colebrook4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4jj ,concord4 ,no4 ,cong4 ,ch41 bbl4 of ,c4 ,derry4 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,r4 ,underhill1 box and bbl4 of ,c4 ,dover4 ,mrs4 ,dr4 ,l4 #a4jj ,fitzwilliam4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #f4jj ,hillsborough ,bridge4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #c4ej ,lancaster4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ae4jj ,milford4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ac4eh ,nashua4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #af4ej ,new ,ipswich4 ,proceeds of ,children's ,fair #af4jj ,new ,ipswich4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 7#aj of which from ,leavitt ,lincoln7 #ac4ej ,wolfborough4 ,rev4 ,s4 ,clark #e4jj ,,vermont1 #cjc4ch4 ,barnet4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ah4bi2 ,m4 ,larens1 #c4hh #bb4ag ,cambridge4 ,madison ,safford #dd4id ,charlotte4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #da4ej ,derby4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,east ,poultney4 ,a4 ,d4 ,wilcox #e4jj ,ferrisburg4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #b4be ,mc,indoe's ,falls4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ag4jj ,montgomery ,centre4 8,friends0 #e4jj ,newport4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #f4jj ,saint ,albans4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ag4ai ,saint ,johnsbury4 ,north ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #ej4jj ,south ,ryegate4 ,mrs4 ,wm4 ,nelson #ej4jj ,west ,brattleborough4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ad4ff ,weybridge4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bb4fg ,,massachusetts1 #f1bjh4if4 ,agawam4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #f4fb ,amherst4 ,north ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #fj1 to const4 ,,austin ,d4 ,,loomis and ,,wm4 ,d4 ,,crocker1 ,l4 ,m4's2--,mrs4 ,r4 ,a4 ,lester1 #ej4jj #aaj4jj ,andover4 ,old ,south ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cjj4jj ,ashby4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #f4ej ,attleborough ,falls4 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4hf ,cambridgeport4 ,pilgrim ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ad4bc ,charlestown4 ,winthrop ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #fj4bc ,charlton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aj4hf1 and ,sab4 ,sch4 #e4bd #af4aj ,chelsea4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #de4dj2 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #af4cj #fa4gj ,chicopee4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ah4ce ,bernardston4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4jj ,boston4 ,mrs4 ,henry ,mayo1 #aj1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,memphis1 ,tenn42--,g4 ,e4 ,s4 ,k41 #a #aa4jj ,boxborough4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,brookline4 ,harvard ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #gf4fa ,bridgewater4 ,central ,sq4 ,trin4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #da4be ,east ,hampton4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ge4ib ,fitchburg4 ,rollstone ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #aed4jc1 to const4 ,,samuel ,s4 ,,holton1 ,,geo4 ,p4 ,,crosby1 ,,thomas ,r4 ,,lawrence1 ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,loomis and ,,mrs4 ,,rebecca ,s4 ,,carpenter1 ,l4 ,m4's2--,e4 ,c4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #acc4hi #bhg4ib ,florence4 ,a4 ,l4 ,williston #ejj4jj ,framingham4 ,south4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ej4jj ,gardner4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aj4jj ,georgetown4 8,a ,friend0 #ej4jj ,harvard4 ,evan4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cd4jj ,haverhill4 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #df4jj ,holyoke4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #i4jj ,hubbardston4 ,evan4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ca4be2--;,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #bb4cg2 ,juv4 ,miss4 ,circle1 #ag1 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #gj4fb ,hyde ,park4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bh4jj ,ipswich4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,lancaster4 ,evan4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 7ad'l7 #a4jj ,lee4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #ge4jj ,lowell4 ,elliot ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bh4fe ,lowell4 ,pawtucket ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ad4ej ,lynn4 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #af4ej2 ,h4 ,j4 ,martin1 #c1 and bbl4 of ,c4 #ai4ej ,monson4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,b4 ,sumner #e4jj ,newburyport4 ,north ,cong4 ,ch41 #ajj1 for a ,lady ,missionary1 ,macon1 ,ga42--,belleville ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #fg #afg4jj ,newton4 ,eliot ,ch4 #abe4jj ,northampton4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #gc4jg ,north ,leominster4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4jj ,norwood4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bj4fj2 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,n4 ,f41 #a #ba4fj ,oxford4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bb4ji ,pittsfield4 ,second ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #e4jj ,princeton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #c4be ,quincy4 ,evan4 ,cong4 and ,soc4 #gb4ej ,rockport4 ,levi ,sewall #e4jj ,roxbury4 ,misses ,soren #d4jj ,rutland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #f4jj ,salem4 ,m4 ,t4 ,goodhue #b4jj ,sandwich4 ,h4 ,h4 ,nye #b4jj ,shirley ,village4 ,h4 ,h4 ,nye #a4jj ,somerset4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,halliday #aj4jj ,somerville4 8,a ,friend40 4#ej ,southampton4 ,j4 ,e4 ,phelps #b4jj ,south ,hadley ,falls4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ae4jj ,springfield4 8,a ,friend10 for a ,teacher #ejj4jj ,springfield4 ,memorial ,ch41 #ca4eh2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bf4ch2 ,so4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bj4gh2 ,mrs4 ,p4 ,b41 #a #gi4gd ,stoneham4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ab4cd ,townsend4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4ej ,westborough4 ,freedmen's ,m4 ,ass'n1 bbl4 of ,c4 ,west ,boylston4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bj4jj ,westfield4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cj4jj ,westhampton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ad4jj ,weymouth4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #dh4ge2 ,ladies' ,miss4 ,soc4 of ,second ,ch41 #ac4be1 to const4 ,,mrs4 ,,lizzie ,,ann ,,torrey and ,,miss ,,emeline ,f4 ,,paine1 ,l4 ,m4's #fb4jj ,winchendon4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 to const4 ,,martha ,e4 ,,smith1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,worcester4 ,estate of ,rev4 ,m4 ,g4 ,grosvenor1 by ,david ,manning1 ,ex4 #b1ejj4jj ,worcester4 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #aei4dd2 ,salem ,st4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #fh4ja2--,salem ,st4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #ej1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u42--,old ,south ,ch4 and ,soc41 #cf4de2 ,hiram ,smith and family1 #cj2 8,e4 ,c4 ,c410 #bj #cfc4ij ,,rhode ,,island1 #cee4 ,providence4 ,central ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,church building1 ,florence1 ,ala4 #ajj4jj ,providence4 ,beneficent ,cong4 ,ch4 #bej4jj ,westerly4 ,mrs4 ,emeline ,smith #e4jj ,,connecticut1 #a1jah4fb4 ,ashford4 ,l4 ,h4 ,carpenter #b4jj ,avon4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7of which #ajj from ,harry ,chidsey and #a4ej from ,mrs4 ,m4 ,avent7 #abi4jj ,cheshire4 8,a ,friend0 #ae4jj ,berlin4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4aa ,east ,woodstock4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ai4jj ,farmington4 ,cong4 ,ch41 quarterly coll4 #gd4fj ,franklin4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7ad'l7 #h4jj ,georgetown4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jj ,guilford4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4jj ,hockanum4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,m4 ,roberts1 #e2 ,south ,cong4 ,ch41 #d #i4jj ,higganum4 ,mrs4 ,susan ,gladwin1 #b2 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,reed1 #a4bd2 ,mrs4 ,g4 ,s4 ,g41 #a #d4bd ,litchfield4 8,l4 ,m40 #c4jj ,middletown4 ,first ,ch41 #gi4cj2 ,rev4 ,geo4 ,l4 ,edwards1 #b #ha4cj ,mill ,brook4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,r4 ,a #a4jj ,milford4 ,mrs4 ,david ,merwin #c4jj ,new ,haven4 8,a4 ,t40 #bj2 ,e4 ,pendleton1 #aj2 ,n4 ,j41 #ej cts #cj4ej ,north ,guilford4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,f4 ,dudley #e4jj ,norfolk4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ge4jj ,norwalk4 ,mrs4 ,dea4 ,chas4 ,lockwood #b4jj ,norwich4 ,mrs4 ,dr4 ,chas4 ,lee #be4jj ,old ,saybrook4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #h4cj ,plainville4 8,a ,friend0 to const4 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,,wright and ,,mrs4 ,,henrietta ,,beach1 ,l4 ,m's #ajj4jj ,preston ,city4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bf4ge ,putnam4 8,a ,friend0 #e4jj ,southport4 8,a ,friend10 for a ,student1 ,fisk ,u4 #be4jj ,thomaston4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #be4aa ,warren4 ,,legacy of ,dea4 ,wm4 ,hopkins1 by ,geo4 ,c4 ,hopkins1 ,ex4 #ajj4jj ,watertown4 ,john ,de ,forest1 #ge1 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u42--,truman ,percy1 #cj1 to const4 ,,mary ,e4 ,,short1 ,l4,m #aje4jj ,west ,winsted4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #af4ga ,windsor4 ,j4 ,w4 ,baker #be4jj ,windsor ,locks4 ,young ,ladies' ,social ,soc41 for a ,lady ,missionary #ej4jj ,,new ,,york1 #ddd4ii4 ,amsterdam4 ,s4 ,louise ,bell #e4jj ,brooklyn4 ,central ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #cj1 for a ,lady ,missionary and to const4 ,e4 ,r4 ,,kennedy1 ,l4 ,m41 and #be for ,rev4 ,geo4 ,henry #ee4jj ,brooklyn4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,merwin1 #aj2 ,puritan ,ch4 #h2 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,v4 ,houten1 #b #bj4jj ,camillus4 ,isaiah ,wilcox1 to const4 ,,miss ,,flora ,,butterfield1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,cortland4 ,c4 ,e4 ,booth1 #be;c4 and pkg4 of newspapers #j4be ,east ,bloomfield4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,p4 #a4jj ,east ,wilson4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,halsey1 #ej2 ,chas4 ,m4 ,clark1 #c #ec4jj ,essex ,co4 8,a ,friend10 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #ej4jj ,groton4 ,dr4 ,c4 ,chapman #f4jj ,hempstead4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,m4 ,h4 #j4ej ,jamestown4 ----1 #bj4jj ,keeseville4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,h4 #a4jj ,lisbon4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #h4jj ,middleton4 ,samuel ,ayres 7#b of which for ,foreign ,m47 #e4jj ,new ,york4 ,s4 ,j4 ,b4 #j4be ,oxford4 ,associated ,presb4 ,ch4 #f4eg ,perry ,centre4 ,cong4 ,soc4 #bj4bd ,portland4 ,j4 ,s4 ,coon1 #e2 ,rev4 ,j4 ,r4 ,b41 #a2 ,others1 #a4be #g4be ,pulaski4 ,miss ,m4 ,e4 ,p4 #a4jj ,rochester4 ,plymouth ,cong4 ,ch4 #ge4hb ,rome4 ,john ,b4 ,jervis #be4jj ,syracuse4 8,member of ,plymouth ,ch410 #be4jj ,west ,farms4 ,mrs4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,wood1 #aj2 ,ref4 ,ch4 ,s4 ,s41 pkg4 of ,books #aj4jj ,westmoreland4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #d4aa ---- 8,a ,friend10 for ,teachers and ,students #ae4jj ,,new ,,jersey1 #eg4bg4 ,east ,orange4 ,grove ,st4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ba4bg ,englewood4 ,chas4 ,taylor #aa4jj ,montclair4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #be4jj ,,pennsylvania1 #fh4 ,clark4 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,dickson and ,miss ,eliza ,dickson1 #be2 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,b4 ,harrington #e #cj4jj ,lynn4 ,s4 ,w4 ,smith #b4jj ,norristown4 ,m4 ,w4 ,cooke #aj4jj ,philadelphia4 ,m4 ,e4 ,m4 #a4jj ,sharpsburgh4 ,joseph ,turner #e4jj ,west ,alexander4 ,robert ,davidson #bj4jj ,,ohio1 #a1bcf4ef4 ,berlin ,heights4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wright #c4jj ,cincinnati4 ,sab4 ,sch4 of ,storrs ,cong4 ,ch4 to const4 ,,john ,,elliott ,,rice1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,cleveland4 ,plymouth ,cong4 ,ch4 #eg4cc ,collamer4 ,union ,sab4 ,sch4 #e4jj ,geneva4 ,w4 ,m4 ,a4 #a4jj ,hudson4 ,s4 ,straight1 for rebuilding ,straight ,u4 #ajjj4jj ,hudson4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ac4jj ,hiram4 ,m4 ,s4 #a4jj ,lindenville4 ,john ,thompson #aj4jj ,medina4 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc41 by ,mary ,j4 ,munger1 ,treas4 #g4jj ,painsville4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #cg4jc ,saybrook4 ,sabbath ,sch4 ,district ,no4 #c1 for ,student ,aid1 ,tougaloo ,u4 #e4jj ,senecaville4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,t4 #a4jj ,steubenville4 ,women's ,miss4 ,soc4 of ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 by ,martha ,j4 ,leslie1 ,treas4 #aj4jj ,tallmadge4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #bj4jj2 8,a ,friend10 #f #bf4jj ,twinsburgh4 ,l4 ,w4 and ,r4 ,f4 ,green #e4jj ,yellow ,springs4 ,mrs4 ,mary ,a4 ,cone #aj4jj ,west ,andover4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ae4bj ,,indiana1 #g4cd4 ,dublin4 ,h4 ,m4 #j4ej ,evansville4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 #j4ej ,solsberry4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4cd ,,illinois1 #dgb4ed4 ,buda4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ag4be ,chicago4 ,lincoln ,park ,cong4 ,ch41 #ca4gi2 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,rathburn1 #aj4ej2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 7ad'l7 #e2 ,three ,ladies at ,annual ,meeting1 #c2 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc4 of ,n4 ,e4 ,ch4 #b4be #eb4ed ,collinsville4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,s4 ,peers and ,j4 ,f4 ,wadsworth and ,wife #bj4jj ,elgin4 ,mrs4 ,gail ,borden1 #aj2 8,little ,freddie10 #b;c4 #aj4jb ,englewood4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4ab ,fitchville4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #ad2 ,second ,cong4 ,ch41 #e #ai4jj ,freedom4 ,mrs4 ,john ,hubbard #aj4jj ,genesco4 ,lucy ,b4 ,perry #e4jj ,granville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #de4jj ,jefferson4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4jj ,kewanee4 ,bureau ,association1 by ,mrs4 ,c4 ,c4 ,cully1 for ,missionary1 ,liberty ,co41 ,ga4 #ajj4jj ,kewanee4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bd4jg ,lake ,forest4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,a4 ,nichols #ag4he ,lockport4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #d4jd2 ,i4 ,p41 #a #e4jd ,park ,ridge4 ,geo4 ,b4 ,carpenter1 #e2 ,l4 ,p4 ,s41 #a3 ,others1 #b #h4jj ,pittsfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4be ,prospect ,park4 ,mrs4 ,emma ,l4 ,boyd #e4jj ,rockford4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #cb4jf ,sheffield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7of which #ad for ,lady ,missionary1 ,liberty ,co41 ,ga47 #ce4jj ,summer ,hill4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4dj ,sterling4 ,c4 ,h4 ,rich #i4fi ,wethersfield4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,a4 ,b4 ,kellogg #e4jj ,willamette4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4jj ,woodstock4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4be ---- ,freeman ,miles #e4jj ,,michigan1 #bhc4ff4 ,armada4 ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,missionary1 ,memphis1 ,tenn4 #i4ce ,bellevue4 ,mrs4 ,n4 ,e4 ,b41 #a2 ,m4 ,a4 ,h41 #ej;c4 #a4ej ,benzonia4 ,amasa ,waters and ,wife1 #aa2 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,gridley and ,wife1 #f2 ,s4 ,a4 ,wells and ,wife1 #b2 ,d4 ,b4 ,spencer and ,wife1 #b2 ,others1 #e #bf4jj ,cooper4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4bb ,edwardsburgh4 ,s4 ,c4 ,olmsted #be4jj ,galesburg4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,m4 ,s4 #j4ea ,grand ,blanc4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #af4jj ,homestead4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #c4ei ,imlay ,city4 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc4 #e4jj ,imlay ,city4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #b4bf ,northfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jc ,olivet4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #bd4bj2 ,s4 ,f4 ,drury1 #aj for ,scholarship1 ,straight ,u4 #cd4bj ,richland4 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,boyles #b4jj ,st4 ,clair4 ,young ,people's ,miss4 ,soc41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,memphis1 ,tenn4 #ah4jj ,union ,city4 8,a ,friend0 #ajj4jj ,stony ,run4 8,friends0 #c4jj ,portland4 ,t4 ,l4 ,maille #ae4jj ,vienna4 ,union ,cong4 ,ch4 #ab4jj ,,iowa1 #hfa4bd4 ,algona4 ,j4 ,b4 ,leake #c4ha ,ames4 ,ladies' ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #c4jj ,belle ,plain4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #d4fe ,college ,springs4 ,,estate of ,rev4 ,j4 ,lowery1 by ,mrs4 ,n4 ,lowery #be4jj ,decorah4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,t4 #j4ij ,denmark4 ,cong4 ,ch4 ,sab4 ,school #ag4jj ,des ,moines4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch41 #aj2 8,prairie ,chickens10 #g1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #ag4jj ,durant4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jj ,franklin ,co4 8,widow's offering0 #b4jj ,green ,mountain4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aj4jj ,green ,mountain4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch4 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #a4ce ,grinnell4 ,,estate of ,chas4 ,f4 ,dike1 by ,mrs4 ,c4 ,f4 ,dike1 ,executrix #ejj4jj ,grinnell4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #gd4ff2--8;,a ,friend0 #bj1 for ,student preparing for ,african ,m42--,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #ajd4ff ,hampton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #i4ch2 ,ladies' ,aid ,soc4 #e #ad4ch ,iowa ,city4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ba4jj ,jamestown4 ,women of ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #c4jj ,mason ,city4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aa4jj ,maquoketa4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch4 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #aj4jj ,mc,gregor4 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc4 #ag4ai ,montour4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch4 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #e4jj ,muscatine4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #cj4jj ,new ,hampton4 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc4 #a4aj ,ogden4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch4 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #e4jj ,onawa4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jj ,osage4 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc4 bal4 to const4 ,,mrs4 ,,ella ,,stacy1 ,l4 ,m4 #d4bj ,rockford4 ,women of ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #c4jj ,toledo4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #a4jj ,traer4 ,women of ,cong4 and ,soc41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #aj4jj ,waterloo4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #aj4jj ,wilton4 ,l4 ,m4 ,soc4 #aj1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la42--,cong4 ,ch41 #d #ad4jj ,stuart4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #b4jj ,,wisconsin1 #ced4ig4 ,appleton4 ,ann ,s4 ,kimball1 #ej1 for a ,student1 ,fisk ,u42--8,l4 ,t40 7#e of which for ,chinese ,m47 #aj #fj4jj ,beaver ,dam4 ,mrs4 ,allyn ,avery #e4jj ,beloit4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #be2 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,k41 #a #bf4jj ,bloomington4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4dg ,columbus4 ,alfred ,topliff1 to const4 ,,mrs4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,chadbourne1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,emerald ,grove4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ac4hb ,fond du ,lac4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #dj4jj ,geneva ,lake4 ,g4 ,montague #e4jj ,janesville4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #db4ic ,johnstown4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4ge ,madison4 ,cong4 ,ch41 bal4 to const4 ,,hon4 ,s4 ,d4 ,,hastings1 ,,rev4 ,,chas4 ,h4 ,,richards1 ,,prof4 ,,ed4 ,t4 ,,owen1 ,,hon4 ,d4 ,,taylor1 ,f4 ,j4 ,,lamb and ,a4 ,s4 ,,frank1 ,l4 ,m's #aaj4jj ,princeton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #a4jj ,raymond4 ,t4 ,sands1 #e2 ,master ,charles ,s4 ,davis1 #a #f4jj ,wautona4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jj ,,minnesota1 #aff4fb4 ,austin4 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,c4 ,bacon #aj4jj ,cannon ,falls4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4jj ,cottage ,grove4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,w4 #a4jj ,chain ,lake ,centre4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #a4ah ,lake ,city4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #g4jb ,minneapolis4 ,plymouth ,ch4 #aa4gj ,northfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #gh4cc ,northfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #be1 for ,teacher1 ,athens1 ,ala42--,bethel ,sab4 ,sch4 #b4ji2 ,a4 ,n4 ,n41 #a #bh4ji ,princeton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4be ,sherburn4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #a4cj ,waseca4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ae4ge ,waterford4 ,union ,ch4 #d4jj ,,kansas1 #ab4be4 ,bellevue4 ,harriet ,m4 ,dunlap #b4jj ,council ,grove4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jj ,osborne4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4be ,,nebraska1 #ai4ef4 ,ashland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4jj ,camp ,creek4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #c4ef ,mainland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #a4jj ,silver4 ,melinda ,bowen #e4jj ,waho4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #a4jj ,wayland4 ,miss ,s4 ,p4 ,locke #e4jj ,,dakota1 #e4ej4 ,yankton4 ,mrs4 ,t4 ,n4 ,b4 #j4ej ,centreville4 ,rev4 ,l4 ,bridgman #e4jj ,,colorado1 #aj4 ,colorado ,springs4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,b4 ,pickett #aj4jj ,,california1 #c4 ,national ,city4 ,t4 ,parsons1 #b2 ,j4 ,t41 #a #c4jj ,,oregon1 #e4 ,canyon ,city4 ---- #e4jj ,,district ,,of ,,columbia1 #ajj4 ,washington4 ,ludlow ,patton1 for ,theo4 ,dept4 ,howard ,u4 #ajj4jj ,,maryland1 #aec4ea4 ,baltimore4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #adc4ea2 ,w4 ,k4 ,carson1 #aj4 #aec4ea ,,tennessee1 #bcf4 ,chattanooga4 ,rent #bcf4jj ,,missouri1 #e4hi4 ,webster's ,grove4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4fe ,cahoka4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #c4bd ,,texas1 #c4ej4 ,marshall4 ,by ,henry ,c4 ,gray #c4ej ---- 1 #a ---- ----4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,m4 ,c4 #a4jj ,,england1 #gf4if4 ,london4 ,freedmen's ,missions ,aid ,soc4 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u41 #af #gf4if -------------------- ,total #ab1fhg4fd ,,for ,,tillotson ,,collegiate ,,and ,,normal ,,institute1 ,,austin1 ,,texas4 ,greenland1 ,n4 ,h4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ag4jj ,new ,britain1 ,conn4 ,mrs4 ,norman ,hart1 #be2 ,mrs4 ,ellen ,h4 ,wells1 #be #ej4jj ,malone1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,wead #ajj4jj ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,t4 ,d4 ,anderson #aj4jj ,galesburg1 ,ill4 8,two ,friends0 #ae4jj ---------------- ,total #aib4jj ,,for ,,missions ,,in ,,africa4 ,london1 ,eng4 ,freedmen's ,missions ,aid ,soc4 #cjd #a1dfb4bd ,london1 ,eng4 ,dr4 ,o4 ,h4 ,white1 #aj #dh4aj -------------------- ,total #a1eaj4cd ,,for ,,school ,,building1 ,,athens1 ,,ala4 ,lake ,forest1 ,ill4 ,e4 ,s4 ,w4 #a4jj ,northfield1 ,mich4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #be4jj ,rosendale1 ,wis4 ,,mrs4 ,h4 ,n4 ,,clarke1 to const4 herself ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj -------------- ,total #ef4jj ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,treasurer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,constitution of the ,american ,missionary ,association4 ,,incorporated ,,january #cj1 #ahdi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,art4 ,i4 ,this ,society shall be called 8,,the ,,american ,,missionary ,,association40 ,,art4 ,,ii4 ,the object of this ,association shall be to conduct ,christian missionary and educational operations1 and to diffuse a knowledge of the ,holy ,scriptures in our own and other countries which are destitute of them1 or which present open and urgent fields of effort4 ,,art4 ,,iii4 ,any person of evangelical sentiments1,a who professes faith in the ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 who is not a slaveholder1 or in the practice of other immoralities1 and who contributes to the funds1 may become a member of the ,society2 and by the payment of thirty dollars1 a life member2 provided that children and others who have not professed their faith may be constituted life members without the privilege of voting4 ,,art4 ,,iv4 ,this ,society shall meet annually1 in the month of ,september1 ,october or ,november1 for the election of officers and the transaction of other business1 at such time and place as shall be designated by the ,executive ,committee4 ,,art4 ,v4 ,the annual meeting shall be constituted of the regular officers and members of the ,society at the time of such meeting1 and of delegates from churches1 local missionary societies1 and other co-operating bodies1 each body being entitled to one representative4 ,,art4 ,,vi4 ,the officers of the ,society shall be a ,president1 ,vice-,presidents1 a ,recording ,secretary1 ,corresponding ,secretaries1 ,treasurer1 two ,auditors1 and an ,executive ,committee of not less than twelve1 of which the ,corresponding ,secretaries shall be advisory1 and the ,treasurer ex-officio1 members4 ,,art4 ,,vii4 ,to the ,executive ,committee shall belong the collecting and disbursing of funds2 the appointing1 counselling1 sustaining and dismissing 7for just and sufficient reasons7 missionaries and agents2 the selection of missionary fields2 and1 in general1 the transaction of all such business as usually appertains to the executive committees of missionary and other benevolent societies2 the ,committee to exercise no ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the missionaries2 and its doings to be subject always to the revision of the annual meeting1 which shall1 by a reference mutually chosen1 always entertain the complaints of any aggrieved agent or missionary2 and the decision of such reference shall be final4 ,the ,executive ,committee shall have authority to fill all vacancies occurring among the officers between the regular annual meetings2 to apply1 if they see fit1 to any ,state ,legislature for acts of incorporation2 to fix the compensation1 where any is given1 of all officers1 agents1 missionaries1 or others in the employment of the ,society2 to make provision1 if any1 for disabled missionaries1 and for the widows and children of such as are deceased2 and to call1 in all parts of the country1 at their discretion1 special and general conventions of the friends of missions1 with a view to the diffusion of the missionary spirit1 and the general and vigorous promotion of the missionary work4 ,five members of the ,committee shall constitute a quorum for transacting business4 ,,art4 ,,viii4 ,this society1 in collecting funds1 in appointing officers1 agents and missionaries1 and in selecting fields of labor1 and conducting the missionary work1 will endeavor particularly to discountenance slavery1 by refusing to receive the known fruits of unrequited labor1 or to welcome to its employment those who hold their fellow-beings as slaves4 ,,art4 ,,ix4 ,missionary bodies1 churches or individuals agreeing to the principles of this ,society1 and wishing to appoint and sustain missionaries of their own1 shall be entitled to do so through the agency of the ,executive ,committee1 on terms mutually agreed upon4 ,,art4 ,x4 ,no amendment shall be made in this ,constitution without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at a regular annual meeting2 nor unless the proposed amendment has been submitted to a previous meeting1 or to the ,executive ,committee in season to be published by them 7as it shall be their duty to do1 if so submitted7 in the regular official notifications of the meeting4 ,,footnote3 ,a ,by evangelical sentiments1 we understand1 among others1 a belief in the guilty and lost condition of all men without a ,saviour2 the ,supreme ,deity1 ,incarnation and ,atoning ,sacrifice of ,jesus ,christ1 the only ,saviour of the world2 the necessity of regeneration by the ,holy ,spirit1 repentance1 faith and holy obedience in order to salvation2 the immortality of the soul2 and the retributions of the judgment in the eternal punishment of the wicked1 and salvation of the righteous4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,american ,missionary ,association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,aim ,,and ,,work4 ,to preach the ,gospel to the poor4 ,it originated in a sympathy with the almost friendless slaves4 ,since ,emancipation it has devoted its main efforts to preparing the ,,freedmen for their duties as citizens and ,christians in ,america and as missionaries in ,africa4 ,as closely related to this1 it seeks to benefit the caste-persecuted ,,chinese in ,america1 and to co-operate with the ,government in its humane and ,christian policy towards the ,,indians4 ,it has also a mission in ,,africa4 ,,statistics4 ,,churches3 ,in the ,south--,in ,va41 #a2 ,n4 ,c41 #e2 ,s4 ,c41 #b2 ,ga41 #ac2 ,ky41 #g2 ,tenn41 #d2 ,ala41 #ad1 ,la41 #ab2 ,miss41 #a2 ,kansas1 #b2 ,texas1 #f4 ,africa1 #b4 ,among the ,indians1 #a4 ,total #gj4 ,,institutions ,,founded1 ,,fostered ,,or ,,sustained ,,in ,,the ,,south4--,chartered3 ,hampton1 ,va42 ,berea1 ,ky42 ,talladega1 ,ala42 ,atlanta1 ,ga42 ,nashville1 ,tenn42 ,tougaloo1 ,miss42 ,new ,orleans1 ,la42 and ,austin1 ,texas1 #h4 ,graded or ,normal ,schools3 at ,wilmington1 ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c42 ,charleston1 ,greenwood1 ,s4 ,c42 ,savannah1 ,macon1 ,atlanta1 ,ga42 ,montgomery1 ,mobile1 ,athens1 ,selma1 ,ala42 ,memphis1 ,tenn41 #ab4 ,other ,schools1 #bd4 ,total #dd4 ,,teachers1 ,,missionaries ,,and ,,assistants4--,among the ,freedmen1 #bec2 among the ,chinese1 #ba2 among the ,indians1 #i2 in ,africa1 #ac4 ,total1 #bif4 ,,students--,in ,theology1 #hf2 ,law1 #bh2 in ,college ,course1 #fc2 in other studies1 #g1jcj4 ,total1 #g1bjg4 ,scholars taught by former pupils of our schools1 estimated at #aej1jjj4 ,,indians under the care of the ,association1 #ac1jjj4 ,,wants4 #a4 ,a steady ,,increase of regular income to keep pace with the growing work4 ,this increase can only be reached by regular and larger contributions from the churches--the feeble as well as the strong4 #b4 ,,additional ,,buildings for our higher educational institutions1 to accommodate the increasing numbers of students2 ,,meeting ,,houses for the new churches we are organizing2 ,,more ,,ministers1 cultured and pious1 for these churches4 #c4 ,,help ,,for ,,young ,,men1 to be educated as ministers here and missionaries to ,africa--a pressing want4 ,before sending boxes1 always correspond with the nearest ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 office1 as below3 ,,new ,,york ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,esq41 #ef ,reade ,street4 ,,boston ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,woodworth1 ,room #ba ,congregational ,house4 ,,chicago ,rev4 ,jas4 ,powell1 #aab ,west ,washington ,street4 ,,magazine4 ,this ,magazine will be sent1 gratuitously1 if desired1 to the ,missionaries of the ,association2 to ,life ,members2 to all clergymen who take up collections for the ,association2 to ,superintendents of ,sabbath ,schools2 to ,college ,libraries2 to ,theological ,seminaries2 to ,societies of ,inquiry on ,missions2 and to every donor who does not prefer to take it as a subscriber1 and contributes in a year not less than five dollars4 ,those who wish to remember the ,,american ,,missionary ,,association in their last ,will and ,testament1 are earnestly requested to use the following ,,form ,,of ,a ,,bequest4 8,i ,,bequeath to my executor 7or executors7 the sum of ---- dollars in trust1 to pay the same in ---- days after my decease to the person who1 when the same is payable1 shall act as ,treasurer of the #8,american ,missionary ,association' of ,new ,york ,city1 to be applied1 under the direction of the ,executive ,committee of the ,association1 to its charitable uses and purposes40 ,the will should be attested by three witnesses in some ,states three are required--in other ,states only two1 who should write against their names1 their places of residence if in cities1 their street and number4 ,the following form of attestation will answer for every ,state in the ,union3 8,signed1 sealed1 published and declared by the said ,a4 ,b4 as his last ,will and ,testament1 in presence of us1 who1 at the request of the said ,a4 ,b41 and in his presence1 and in the presence of each other1 have hereunto subscribed our names as witnesses40 ,in some ,states it is required that the ,will should be made at least two months before the death of the testator4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,independent ,for #ahhj4 ,,the ,,independent appeals to cultivated men and women4 ,it discusses current questions of religion1 philosophy1 and politics4 ,it is wide-awake4 ,it is not afraid4 ,it sets people to thinking4 ,it welcomes fresh truth4 ,it has great variety4 ,it is so big that it can always have something for the severest thinker and also an abundance of the best lighter literature4 ,it publishes more religious discussion than the religious reviews1 poetry and stories than the popular monthlies1 and gives more information than an annual cyclopdia4 ,it has twice as large a corps of the most famous writers than any other journal of any sort in the country4 ,it is indispensable to one who wants to know what is going on in the religious world4 ,it pleases people4 ,it makes people angry4 ,it stirs them up1 and always interests and instructs those who do not like its position1 which is conservative in belief and liberal in fraternity and comprehension4 ,it grows on all who read it4 ,,try ,,it ,,for ,,next ,,year4 ,,rev4 ,,joseph ,,cook',s ,,lectures4 ,we have purchased the newspaper copyright of the ,boston ,monday ,lectures for #ahgi-ahhj1 to be delivered1 as heretofore1 by the ,rev4 ,joseph ,cook1 beginning about ,nov4 #ast1 and the same will be given verbatim to the readers of ,,the ,,independent weekly1 together with the ,preludes1 after revision by the author4 ,these ,lectures have been exceedingly popular in the past1 and will continue to be an attractive feature of the paper the coming season4 ,,sermons ,,by ,,eminent ,,clergymen in all parts of the country will continue to be printed4 ,,premiums4 ,we have decided to withdraw on the #cast day of ,december1 #ahgi1 all of the premiums now offered by us to subscribers1 a full list of which appears below2 so that those who would avail themselves of our liberal offers must do so before ,december #ca1 #ahgi4 ,worcester's ,unabridged ,pictorial ,quarto ,dictionary4 ,bound in ,sheep4 #a1hed pages4 ,over #a1jjj ,illustrations4 ,issue of #ahgi4 ,our contract with the publishers of the ,dictionary expires ,dec4 #cast1 #ahgi1 and ,messrs4 ,j4 ,b4 ,lippincott ,co4 absolutely refuse to continue the contract beyond that date on the same favorable terms4 ,we are1 therefore1 compelled to withdraw the ,dictionary premium at the expiration of the present year2 but we purposely give ample notice1 so that our subscribers and the public in general may avail themselves of the surprisingly low terms to get the ,dictionary1 in connection with ,,the ,,independent4 ,we will send this ,dictionary to any person who will send us the names of ,three ,new ,subscribers and ,nine ,dollars2 or who will1 on renewing his own subscription1 in advance1 send us ,two ,new ,names additional and #i4jj2 or who will renew his own subscription for three years1 in advance1 and send us #i4jj2 or1 for a new subscriber for three years and #i4jj4 ,the regular price of the ,dictionary alone at all the book-stores is #aj4jj1 while the lowest price of three subscriptions is #i4jj4 ,both the ,dictionary and the three subscriptions1 under this extraordinary offer1 can1 therefore1 be had together for only #i4jj4 ,the ,dictionary will be delivered at our office1 or in ,philadelphia1 free1 or be sent by express or otherwise from ,philadelphia1 as may be ordered1 at the expense of the subscriber4 ,the subscriber under this offer will not be entitled to any other ,premiums4 ,,the ,,rev4 ,,joseph ,,cook',s ,,books4 ,we offer ,rev4 ,joseph ,cook's valuable new volumes1 entitled 8,,biology10 8,,transcendentalism10 8,,orthodoxy10 8,,conscience10 8,,heredity10 and 8,,marriage10 embodying1 in a revised and corrected form1 the author's previous remarkable ,monday ,lectures4 ,they are published in handsome book form1 by ,james ,b4 ,osgood ,co41 of ,boston4 ,we will mail a copy of either volume1 post-paid1 to any subscriber to the ,,independent who remits us #c4jj for a year in advance2 or any subscriber may remit #e4ej and we will send him the ,,independent for two years in advance1 and two volumes1 post-paid2 or1 any three volumes1 post-paid1 to any one subscriber who remits #c4jj for three years in advance4 ,subscription ,price #c4jj per annum in advance1 including any one of the following ,premiums3 ,any one volume of the ,,household ,,edition or ,,charles ,,dickens' ,,works1 bound in cloth1 with #af illustrations each1 by ,sol4 ,eytinge4 ,,moody ,,and ,,sankey',s ,,gospel ,,hymns ,,and ,,sacred ,,songs1 ,no4 #b4 ,,lincoln ,,and ,,his ,,cabinet2 or1 ,first ,reading of the ,emancipation ,proclamation4 ,fine ,large ,steel ,engraving4 ,by ,ritchie4 ,size #bfcf4 ,,authors ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states4 ,fine large ,steel ,engraving4 #dd ,portraits4 ,by ,ritchie4 ,size #bdch-a_/b4 ,,charles ,,sumner4 ,fine ,steel ,engraving4 ,by ,ritchie4 ,,grant ,,or ,,wilson4 ,fine ,steel ,engraving4 ,by ,ritchie4 ,,edwin ,m4 ,,stanton4 ,fine ,steel ,engraving4 ,by ,ritchie4 ,,the ,,inner ,,life ,,of ,,abraham ,,lincoln4 ,by ,frank ,b4 ,carpenter4 ,bound in cloth4 #cfj pages4 ,it gives a better insight into his 8inner life0 than can be found elsewhere1 and is altogether one of the most fascinating1 instructive and useful books of the kind ever published4 ,we offer one premium only for one year's subscription4 ,subscription ,price #c4jj per ,annum1 in ,advance4 ,,specimen ,,copies ,address ,,the ,,independent1 ,,sent ,,free4 ,p4 ,o4 ,,box #b1ghg4 ,cut out this ,advertisement4 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,congregationalist1 ,a ,family ,religious ,journal4 ,the ,congregationalist1 as a family religious paper1 aims to occupy the first rank4 ,it has four editors in the office at ,boston1 besides ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,clapp1 ,d4 ,d41 at ,bible ,house1 ,new ,york1 as editor in that city1 and who furnishes a weekly letter from the ,metropolis4 ,it has also a large corps of contributors1 among whom are some of the best newspaper writers in the country1 such as ,prof4 ,austin ,phelps1 ,d4 ,d41 ,dr4 ,leonard ,bacon1 ,rose ,terry ,cooke1 ,rev4 ,theodore ,l4 ,cuyler1 ,d4 ,d41 ,lucy ,larcom1 ,president ,s4 ,c4 ,bartlett1 ,mrs4 ,margaret ,e4 ,sangster and many others4 ,it gives large space to its ,literary ,reviews1 presents more full and complete news from the ,congregational ministers and churches of the country than any other journal1 has a carefully prepared column of ,missionary news1 has a full ,children's department1 gives large attention to ,sabbath ,schools and the explanation of the lesson1 has a 8,farm1 ,garden and ,household department0 under charge of a special editor1 prints a 8,diary of ,events for the ,week10 and furnishes a great variety of matter1 being carefully and closely edited in every column and line4 8,,something ,,new40 ,every one sending three dollars for a new subscriber will not only be entitled to the paper for a year1 but also to an illustrated volume of over #cjj pages1 just issued1 which is made up of the choicest articles and sketches in the ,congregationalist for several years past4 ,send for ,specimen numbers4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,greene ,,co41 #a ,somerset ,st41 ,boston4 99 99 99 99 99 ,new ,singing ,book for the ,million6 ,,coronation ,,songs ,for ,praise and ,prayer ,meetings1 ,,home ,,and ,,social ,,singing4 ,,by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,charles ,f4 ,,deems ,,and ,,theodore ,e4 ,,perkins4 ,containing #aea ,hymns with ,tunes1 which include more of the ,,standard material that the world will not suffer to die1 and more ,,new material that deserves trial1 than any other book extant4 ,postpaid1 #cj cents4 #be per hundred4 ,,lyman ,,abbott',s ,commentary on the ,new ,testament ,illustrated and ,popular1 giving the latest views of the best ,biblical ,scholars on all disputed points4 ,a concise1 strong and faithful ,exposition in 7#h7 eight volumes1 octavo4 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,in ,,every ,,locality4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,barnes ,,co41 ,publishers1 ,new ,york and ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,get ,,the ,,best4 ,the 8,,oxford0 ,illustration ,,teachers' ,,bibles ,,in ,,seven ,,different ,,sizes1 ,at prices to suit everybody4 ,apply to your ,bookseller for ,lists1 or write to ,,thos4 ,,nelson ,,sons1 #db ,bleecker ,street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,meneely ,kimberly1 ,,bell ,,founders1 ,,troy1 ,n4 ,y4 ,manufacture a superior quality of ,,bells4 ,special attention given to ,,church ,,bells4 ,catalogues sent free to parties needing bells4 99 99 99 99 99 ,brown ,bros4 ,co4 ,,bankers1 #ei #fa ,wall ,street1 ,new ,york1 #baa ,chestnut ,st41 ,philadelphia1 #ff ,state ,street1 ,boston4 99 99 99 99 99 ,issue ,commercial ,credits1 make ,cable transfers of ,money between this ,country and ,england1 and buy and sell ,bills of ,exchange on ,great ,britain and ,ireland4 ,they also issue1 against cash deposited1 or satisfactory guarantee of repayment1 ,circular ,credits for ,travellers1 ,in ,,dollars for use in the ,united ,states and adjacent countries1 and in ,,pounds ,,sterling1 for use in any part of the world4 99 99 99 99 99 #gc1fbj ,,more ,singer ,sewing ,machines ,sold in '#gh ,,than ,,in ,,any ,,previous ,,year4 ,in #ahgj we sold #abg1hcc ,sewing ,machines4 8 #ahgh 8 #cef1dcb 8 8 ,our sales have increased enormously every year through the whole period of 8hard times40 ,we now ,sell ,three-,quarters of all the ,sewing ,machines sold in the ,world4 ,for the accommodation of the ,public we have #a1ejj subordinate offices in the ,united ,states and ,canada1 and #c1jjj offices in the ,old ,world and ,south ,america4 ,,prices ,,greatly ,,reduced4 ,waste no money on 8cheap0 counterfeits4 ,send for our handsomely ,illustrated ,price ,list4 ,,the ,,singer ,,manufacturing ,,company1 ,principal ,office1 #cd ,union ,square1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,crampton',s ,,pure ,,old ,,palm ,,soap1 ,,for ,the ,laundry1 the ,kitchen1 and ,for ,general ,household ,purposes1 ,,manufactured ,,by ,,crampton ,,brothers1 ,cor4 ,monroe ,jefferson ,sts41 ,n4 ,y4 ,send for ,circular and ,price ,list4 ,crampton's old ,palm ,soap for the ,laundry1 the ,kitchen1 and for general ,household purposes4 ,the price of the 8,palm ,soap0 is #c4ij per box of #ajj three-quarter pound bars--#ge pounds in box4 ,to any one who will send us an order for #aj boxes with cash1 #ci1 we will send one box extra free as a premium4 ,or the orders may be sent to us for one or more boxes at a time1 with remittance1 and when we have thus received orders for ten boxes we will send the eleventh box free as proposed above4 ,if you do not wish to send the money in advance1 you may deposit it with any banker or merchant in good credit in your town1 with the understanding that he is to remit to us on receipt of the soap1 which is to be shipped to his care4 ,address1 ,,crampton ,,brothers1 ,cor4 ,monroe and ,jefferson ,sts41 ,new ,york4 ,,for ,,sale ,,by ,,all ,,merchants4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,n4 ,y4 ,witness ,publications ,,for #ahhj4 ,,the ,,daily ,,witness4 ,a religious1 temperance1 daily newspaper1 and the only one in the ,union1 was commenced on ,july #a1 #ahga1 and continues to send forth daily a rich variety of news1 markets1 editorials1 contemporary press1 correspondence1 reports of religious and temperance meetings and efforts1 including a daily report of the ,fulton ,street ,prayer ,meeting1 with much useful and instructive matter for family reading1 etc41 etc4 ,the price is two cents per copy or #e per annum1 and to induce circulation throughout the country we offer the following special terms3 ,to clubs of five we shall send the ,,daily ,,witness1 separately addressed1 by mail1 postpaid1 for #bj a year1 or #e per quarter4 ,in the latter case #gh copies delivered1 will only cost #a4 ,at that rate who would be without a ,new ,york daily paper1 equally valuable for the business man and his family8 ,we hope clubs will be formed in every city1 town and village that is reached by the morning mails from ,new ,york on the same day4 ,,the ,,weekly ,,witness ,commenced with ,january1 #ahgb1 and is near the completion of its eighth year4 ,it at present issues #ed1jjj weekly1 which go to subscribers all over the ,union4 ,its issues from the beginning have been over twenty millions of copies1 each containing a great variety of very interesting matter1 namely3 ,news of the day1 ,prices ,current1 ,financial ,report1 ,spirit of the ,new ,york ,daily ,press1 ,home ,department 7consisting chiefly of ,letters from ,ladies71 with a column of letters from children2 ,general ,correspondence from all parts of the country1 much of it valuable for intending colonists2 ,departments for ,agriculture1 ,temperance1 ,sabbath-,school1 ,religious ,reading1 including ,daily ,report of ,fulton ,street ,prayer-meeting2 ,serial and other ,stories4 ,it gives more reading matter than any other religious weekly1 and has probably fully #cjj1jjj readers1 as many copies serve more than one family4 ,it has drawn forth unsolicited commendation from thousands of readers1 many of whom pronounce it the best paper for the family and the country they ever saw4 ,the price is #a4ej a year2 clubs of five will be supplied for #f a year1 the papers being addressed separately and postpaid4 ,,sabbath ,,reading4 ,this small1 neat eight-page weekly paper is filled with the choicest reading matter suitable for the ,sabbath day1 among which is one first-class sermon in each number4 ,the matter in this paper is all different from what appears in the ,,weekly ,,witness4 ,it has no news or advertisements1 editorials or communications1 but is just a choice selection of good1 religious1 temperance matter1 suited for all classes and all regions1 and specially suited for distribution as a most acceptable tract4 ,price one cent per copy1 or #ej cents per annum4 ,ten copies 7#ebj7 to one address for a year1 postpaid1 for #d2 or #ajj copies for #ce4 ,this is found to be an excellent weekly for the more advanced classes in ,sabbath-schools4 ,all the above terms are cash in advance1 and the papers stop when subscription expires unless previously renewed4 ,sample copies of any or all of them will be sent free if applied for by postal card or otherwise4 ,the above publications will be sent on approbation for a month to any address for3 ,,daily ,,witness1 #be cents2 ,,weekly ,,witness1 #aj cents2 ,,sabbath ,,reading1 #e cents1 or sample copies free4 ,,john ,,dougall ,,co4 ,no4 #g ,frankfort ,street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,world ,,for #ahhj4 ,the year #ahhj promises to be one of the most interesting and important years of this crowded and eventful century4 ,it will witness a ,presidential election which may result in re-establishing the ,government of this country on the principles of its constitutional founders1 or in permanently changing the relations of the ,states to the ,federal power4 ,no intelligent man can regard such an election with indifference4 ,,the ,,world1 as the only daily ,english newspaper published in the city of ,new ,york which upholds the doctrines of constitutional ,democracy1 will steadily represent the ,conservative contention in this great canvass4 ,it will do this in no spirit of servile partisanship1 but temperately and firmly4 ,it will be as swift to rebuke what it regards as infidelity to ,democratic principles or to the honorable laws of political conflict on the part of its friends as on the part of its foes4 ,it will uphold no candidate for office whom it believes to be unworthy of the support of honest men1 and accept no platform which it believes to misrepresent or to contradict the true conditions of our national prosperity and greatness4 ,as a newspaper ,,the ,,world1 being the organ of no man1 no clique and no interest1 will present the fullest and the fairest picture it can make of each day's passing history in the city1 the ,state1 the country and the world4 ,its correspondents in the chief centres of life and action on both sides of the ocean have been selected for their character not less than for their capacity4 ,it will aim1 hereafter as heretofore1 at accuracy first of all things in all that it publishes4 ,no man1 however humble1 shall ever be permitted truly to complain that he has been unjustly dealt with in the columns of ,,the ,,world4 ,no interest1 however powerful1 shall ever be permitted truly to boast that it can silence the true criticism of ,,the ,,world4 ,during the past year ,,the ,,world has seen its daily circulation trebled and its weekly circulation pushed beyond that of any other weekly newspaper in the country4 ,this great increase has been won1 as ,,the ,,world believes1 by truthfulness1 enterprise1 ceaseless activity in collecting news1 and unfaltering loyalty to itself and to its readers in dealing with the questions of the day4 ,it is our hope1 and it will be our endeavor1 that these may keep what these have won1 and that ,,the ,,world',s record for #ahhj may be written in the approbation and support of many thousands more of new readers in all parts of this ,indissoluble ,union of ,indestructible ,states4 ,democrats everywhere should inform themselves carefully alike of the action of their party throughout the country and of the movements of their ,republican opponents4 ,a failure to do this in #ahgf contributed greatly to the loss by the ,democracy of the fruits of the victory fairly won at the polls4 ,our rates of subscription remain unchanged1 and are as follows3 ,daily and ,sundays1 one year1 #aj2 six months1 #e4ej2 three months1 #b4ge4 ,daily1 without ,sundays1 one year1 #h2 six months1 #d4be2 three months1 #b4be2 less than three months1 #a a month4 ,,the ,,sunday ,,world1 one year1 #b4 ,,the ,,monday ,,world1 containing the ,book ,reviews and 8,college ,chronicle10 one year1 #a4ej4 ,,the ,,semi-,,weekly ,,world 7,tuesdays and ,fridays7--,,two ,,dollars a year4 ,,to ,,club ,,agents--,an extra copy for club of ten2 the ,daily for club of twenty-five4 ,,the ,,weekly ,,world 7,wednesday7--,,one ,,dollar a year4 ,,to ,,club ,,agents--,an extra copy for club of ten1 the ,semi-,weekly for club of twenty1 the ,daily for club of fifty4 ,specimen numbers sent free on application4 ,terms--,cash1 invariably in advance4 ,send post-office money order1 bank draft or registered letter4 ,bills at risk of the sender4 ,a ,,special ,,offer4 ,subscribers who send #a for a year's subscription before ,december #bh will receive the ,,weekly ,,world from the date of their subscription to ,march #e1 #ahha4 ,this will include the ,presidential campaign and the inauguration of the next ,president4 ,old subscribers who send #a before ,december #bh1 for a renewal of their subscription for #ahhj1 will receive the ,,weekly ,,world to ,march #e1 #ahha1 without missing a number4 ,this ,offer will be ,withdrawn ,december #bi4 ,take advantage of it at once4 ,subscribe at once4 ,renew at once4 ,note to ,newspaper ,publishers4--,proprietors of ,democratic newspapers who desire the ,daily ,,world for one year may obtain it by publishing the foregoing prospectus six times and sending to ,,the ,,world marked copies of their papers containing it4 ,we offer low 8clubbing rates0 to ,democratic newspapers throughout the country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,john ,h4 ,,horsfall4 ,,furniture ,,and ,upholstery ,warerooms1 ,nos4 #f #g ,,east #bc;,d ,,street1 ,,madison ,,square4 ,offers a fine selection of goods at very reasonable prices4 ,,designs ,,and ,,estimates ,,furnished ,,on ,,application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,every ,man ,his ,own ,printer4 ,excelsior #c ,printing ,press4 ,illustration ,prints cards1 labels1 envelopes1 c42 larger sizes for larger work4 ,for business or pleasure1 young or old4 ,catalogue of ,presses1 ,type1 ,cards1 c41 sent for two stamps4 ,,kelsey ,,co41 ,m'frs1 ,meriden1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,church ,,cushions ,,made ,,of ,,the ,,patent ,,elastic ,,felt4 ,for particulars1 address ,h4 ,d4 ,,ostermoor1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #djjd4 #cf ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,marvin',s ,,fire ,,burglar ,,safes ,,counter ,,platform ,,wagon ,,track ,,scales ,,marvin ,,safe ,,scale ,,co4 #bfe ,,broadway4 ,n4 ,y4 #fbg ,,chestnut ,,st41 ,,phila4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w4 ,b4 ,,douglas1 ,middletown1 ,conn41 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,pumps1 ,,hydraulic ,,rams1 ,,garden ,,engines1 ,,pump ,,chain ,,and ,,fixtures1 ,,iron ,,curbs1 ,,yard ,,hydrants1 ,,street ,,washers1 ,,etc4 ,illustration ,highest ,medal awarded them by the ,universal ,exposition at ,paris1 ,france1 in #ahfg2 ,vienna1 ,austria1 in #ahgc2 and ,philadelphia1 #ahgf4 ,founded in #ahcb4 ,branch ,warehouses3 #he #hg ,john ,st4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,and #aig ,lake ,street1 ,,chicago4 ,for ,sale by all ,regular ,dealers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,thirty-,,fourth ,,volume ,,of ,,the ,american ,missionary1 #ahhj4 ,we have been gratified with the constant tokens of the increasing appreciation of the ,,missionary during the year now nearly past1 and purpose to spare no effort to make its pages of still greater value to those interested in the work which it records4 ,shall we not have a largely increased subscription list for #ahhj8 ,a little effort on the part of our friends1 when making their own remittances1 to induce their neighbors to unite in forming ,clubs1 will easily double our list1 and thus widen the influence of our ,magazine1 and aid in the enlargement of our work4 ,under the editorial supervision of ,rev4 ,,geo4 ,m4 ,,boynton1 aided by the steady contributions of our intelligent missionaries and teachers in all parts of the field1 and with occasional communications from careful observers and thinkers elsewhere1 the ,,american ,,missionary furnishes a vivid and reliable picture of the work going forward among the ,indians1 the ,chinamen on the ,pacific ,coast1 and the ,freedmen as citizens in the ,south and as missionaries in ,africa4 ,it will be the vehicle of important views on all matters affecting the races among which it labors1 and will give a monthly summary of current events relating to their welfare and progress4 ,patriots and ,christians interested in the education and ,christianizing of these despised races are asked to read it1 and assist in its circulation4 ,begin with the next number and the new year4 ,the price is only ,fifty ,cents per annum4 ,the ,magazine will be sent gratuitously1 if preferred1 to the persons indicated on page #dab4 ,donations and subscriptions should be sent to ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,treasurer1 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,advertisers4 ,special attention is invited to the advertising department of the ,,american ,,missionary4 ,among its regular readers are thousands of ,ministers of the ,gospel1 ,presidents1 ,professors and ,teachers in ,colleges1 ,theological ,seminaries and ,schools2 it is1 therefore1 a specially valuable medium for advertising ,books1 ,periodicals1 ,newspapers1 ,maps1 ,charts1 ,institutions of ,learning1 ,church ,furniture1 ,bells1 ,household ,goods1 c4 ,advertisers are requested to note the moderate price charged for space in its columns1 considering the extent and character of its circulation4 ,advertisements must be received by the ,,tenth of the month1 in order to secure insertion in the following number4 ,all communications in relation to advertising should be addressed to ,j4 ,h4 ,,denison1 ,adv'g ,agent1 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,our friends who are interested in the ,advertising ,department of the 8,american ,missionary0 can aid us in this respect by mentioning1 when ordering goods1 that they saw them advertised in our ,magazine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,david ,k4 ,,gildersleeve1 ,printer1 #aja ,chambers ,street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,all instances of 8,d4,d40 changed to 8,d4 ,d40 to be consistent with the majority of the text4 8reponse0 changed to 8response0 on page #cee4 7the following response was adopted7 8maintainance0 changed to 8maintenance0 on page #cfj4 7provision for the maintenance of professorships7 8onmoving0 changed to 8on moving0 on page #chj4 7signifies a great providential on moving the conversion7 8usuages0 changed 8usages0 7among the early usages of ,new ,england7 8sancity0 changed to 8sanctity0 on page #chc4 7,respect the sanctity of his family47 ,repeated 8t0 in broken word 8import-tant0 removed when the word was rejoined on page #cif4 7,in seven of our most important treaties7 8whatsover0 changed to 8whatsoever0 on page #djg4 7to bear whatsoever ills7 8it0 changed to 8at0 on page #dab4 7the ,will should be made at least two months before7 8,steal0 changed to 8,steel0 on page #dac4 7,fine ,large ,steel ,engraving47 ,both 8post-paid0 and 8postpaid0 appear in the advertisements4 ,the differences were left1 assuming the differences reflect the wishes of the advertisement authors4