,transcrib] ,notes      ,obvi\s typos & 
punctuation errors fix$4                
,inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation kept z 9 !  
orig9al4    ,italics are repres5t$ by   
und]scores surr\nd+ ! italic text4      
,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,all  
,,caps4    ,sup]scripts are not$ by a   
c>et & curly brackets1 e4g4 #ei,,?4     
,a decorative ,,ge logo is repres5t$ by 
,,ge logo                               
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,illu/ration3                           
,,metropolitan ,,subway                 
& ,,elevat$ ,,sy/ems                    
,,ge                       ,pres5t$ ,z  
,bullet9 ,numb] #di ,by ,!              
,,electric ,,railway ,,hi/orical        
,,society                               
,price #a4ej                            
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,bo/on ,,elevat$ ,,railway ,,rapid     
,,transit ,,sy/em      ,! transportation
 sy/em ( ! city ( ,bo/on comprises a    

comb9ation  ( bo? rapid transit &       
surface l9es op]at$ "u a s+le f>e       
arrangem5t ) transf] privileges p]mitt+ 
a cont9u\s ride 9 "o  g5]al direction f 
"o end to ! o!r ( ! sy/em4 ,! elevat$   
l9es & ! ,tremont ,/4 ,subway 7         
orig9ally built by ! railway  company 9 
#aija4 ,today ! total transportation    
sy/em includes m  ?an #ejj miles ( l9e (
 :i* #cg miles are subway & elevat$     
tracks4  ,! population s]v$ 9 ! di/rict 
( m ?an #ib squ>e miles is  consid]ably 
ov] a million p & ! numb] ( rev5ue      
pass5g]s  c>ri$1 approximates           
#cej1jjj1jjj p] ye>4 ,/ati/ics are n    
available  z to ! pass5g]s c>ri$ on !   
,rapid ,transit l9es4    ,illu/ration3  
,,ext]ior ,,( ,,ma9 ,,p[] ,,/ation ,,at 
,,s\? ,,bo/on    ,! orig9al elevat$     
/ructure op]at$ betwe5 ,sullivan ,sq41  
,*>le/[n1 & ,dudley ,/reet1 ) two       
bran*es ?r\gh ! city1 "o  by subway "u  
,tremont ,/4 & ! o!r by ! way (         
,atlantic ,ave4  & ,s\? ,/ation4 ,9     
#aijh-i ! elevat$ /ructure 0 ext5d$ to !

  pres5t t]m9al at ,=e/ ,hills & !      
,wa%+ton ,/4 ,subway 0  complet$ ?r\gh !
 bus9ess "p ( ! city4 ,! ,cambridge     
,subway  0 plac$ 9 op]ation 9 #aiab4    
,rec5t ext5sions include an elevat$  l9e
 f ,sullivan ,squ>e to ,ev]ett &        
recon/ruction ( ! tunnel to  ,ea/       
,bo/on4    ,s9ce ,july #a1 #aiai1 !     
sy/em has be5 op]at$ by ! ,bo>d (       
,tru/ees ( ! ,commonweal?4 ,"u !        
direction ( ?is bo>d are  includ$ n only
 ! details ( op]ation & managem5t1 b    
also !  decisions z to f>es to be *>g$  
indep5d5t ( ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t  ( ,public
 ,utilities4    ,"u ! direction ( !     
pres5t managem5t a cont9u\s program (   
improvem5ts has be5 inaugurat$ :i* has  
necessitat$ ! re-r\t+  ( tra9s to h&le !
 traffic to ! be/ advantage4    ,briefly
 !re are f\r ma9 r\tes z foll[s3        
,=e/ ,hills-,ev]ett 7via tunnel7 #h4ei  
miles                ,=e/ ,hills-,ev]ett
 7via elev47  #i4ce miles               
,h>v>d-,&rew                    #e4ef   
miles                ,no4 ,/ation       

,we/-,k5more          #b4hg miles       
,b[do9-,mav]ick ,sq4              #a4fg 
miles    ,! ,=e/ ,hills-,ev]ett r\te is 
call$ ! ma9 l9e1 & !  ,h>v>d-,&rew r\te 
! ,cambridge ,subway4 ,! ,b[do9-,mav]ick
 ,squ>e  l9e up to ! pres5t has be5     
op]at+ ?ree-c> tra9s ) ov]head  trolley1
 b new equipm5t consi/+ ( /eel c>s is n[
 on ord] &  ! ?ird rail is n[ be+       
in/all$ 9 ! tunnel4 ,! ,le*m]e          
,sq4-,broadway l9e ov] ,ea/ ,cambridge  
,viaduct & ,tremont ,/4 ,subway is  also
 consid]$ a rapid transit r\te1 al?\gh  
surface type c>s are  us$ ) ov]head     
trolley4 ,^! c>s are equipp$ = multiple 
unit  control & are op]at$ 9 ?ree-c>    
tra9s4    ,illu/ration3 #ce1jjj-,,kw4   
,,turbo-,,g5]ator ,,9 ,,s\? ,,bo/on     
,,p[] ,,/ation    ,! ru% h\r tra9s on ! 
ma9 l9e include z high z eight c>s1  :i*
 is ! limit set by ! l5g? ( ! /ation    
plat=ms4 ,!  signal sy/em is entirely   
automatic & dur+ ru% h\rs ! headway     
v>ies f #b to #c m9utes on ! ma9 l9e4 ,!
 maximum grades  enc\nt]$ are #b to #c  

p]c5t ) a high p]c5tage ( heavy         
curvature4 ,by tak+ advantage ( !       
transf] arrangem5ts at  t]m9als1 rides (
 #ad miles c be obta9$ = a s+le f>e4    
,p[] ,/ation ,equipm5t    ,! p[] sy/em z
 orig9ally in/all$ includ$ sev]al       
eng9e-driv5  direct-curr5t plants       
suitably locat$ = di/ribut+ #fjj volts  
direct  to ! trolley4 ,) ! ext5sion ( ! 
sy/em1 h[ev]1 an  alt]nat+-curr5t /ation
 0 in/all$ at ,s\? ,bo/on1 g5]at+       
#be-;cycle ?ree-phase curr5t =          
di/ribution at #ac1bjj volts to         
syn*ron\s conv]t] sub/ations4           
,alt]nat+-curr5t g5]at+  equipm5t has   
also be5 in/all$ at ! ,l9coln ,/ation4  
,! total  in/all$ capacity ( turb9e     
/ations is n[ #aae1jjj kw4 :ile !       
direct-curr5t g5]at+ /ations h          
practically all be5  discont9u$4        
,illu/ration3 ,,rapid ,,transit         
,,l9es--,,bo/on ,,elevat$ ,,railway     
,illu/ration3 ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,egle/on   
,,squ>e ,,sub/ation      ,sub/ations    
,!re are 9 op]ation = supply+ p[] to bo?

 elevat$ & surface  l9es a total ( #ab  
syn*ron\s conv]t] sub/ations hav+ a     
total  rat$ capacity ( #eh1jjj kw4 ,!   
p[] consumption ( ! ,rapid ,transit     
l9es is some:at less ?an half ! total   
en]gy us$4      ,di/ribution    ,direct 
curr5t is di/ribut$ f ! sev]al          
sub/ations at #fjj volts  & is collect$ 
on ! rapid transit sy/ems f an #he-lb4  
ov]-runn+ ?ird rail4      ,roll+ ,/ock  
,altoge!r !re are #dbj c>s 9 ! rapid    
transit s]vice1 ! old]  c>s weigh+ ab\t 
#cd tons ) seat+ capacity ( #dh & ! new]
  type z us$ 9 ! ,cambridge ,subway #dc 
tons ea*1 arrang$ to seat #gb  pass5g]s4
 ,on acc\nt ( ! limit+ cle>ances 9 ! old
 subway !  ,cambridge c>s _c be us$ on !
 ma9 l9e4 ,all c>s are motor c>s  & no  
attempt is made to use trail]s4 ,ea* c> 
is equipp$ ) two  motors & multiple unit
 control4    ,illu/ration3 ,,late/      
,,type ,,( ,,/eel ,,motor ,,c> ,,us$ ,,9
 ,,cambridge ,,subway    ,illu/ration3  
,,ma9 ,,l9e ,,tra9--,,bo/on ,,elevat$   
,,railway    ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,(

 ,,sub/ation ,,equipp$ ,,) #bjjj-,,kw4  
,,syn*ron\s  ,,conv]t]s                 
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,brooklyn ,,rapid ,,transit ,,sy/em    
,! ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit ,company   
controls all ( ! elevat$ &  surface l9es
 9 ,brooklyn includ+ ^? rea*+ ,coney    
,isl&4 ,x also  has entrance to         
,manhattan ov] ! l9es ( ! ,new ,york    
,municipal  ,railway ,corporation1 :i* 0
 organiz$ by ! ,b4 ,r4 ,t4 to f9ance &  
con/ruct a "p ( ! new city l9es allott$ 
to ! ,b4 ,r4 ,t4 ,! ,new  ,york         
,municipal l9e runs ?r\gh ! new         
,broadway subway z f> nor? z  #fj? ,/4  
!nce ea/ ?r\gh ! #fj? ,/4 tunnel "u !   
,ea/ ,riv] to  a connection ) ! ,a/oria 
& ,corona l9es 9 ,que5s4 ,o!r subway  & 
bridge r\tes h be5 complet$ dur+ ! pa/  
few ye>s z "p  ( a def9ite plan1 :i*    
contemplates ! elim9ation ( ! pres5t    
/ub end op]ation at ! l[] end (         
,manhattan4    ,illu/ration3 ,,/&>d     
,,new ,,york ,,municipal ,,motor ,,c>   

,,equipp$ ,,)  ,,ge-#bdh ,,motors    ,! 
,brooklyn ,bridge l9e built 9 #ahhc & ! 
,brooklyn ,elevat$ ,r4 ,r4  9 #ahhh =m$ 
! nucleus ( ! pres5t ,brooklyn ,rapid   
,transit sy/em4  ,electrical equipm5t 0 
tri$ out 9 #ahih & additional motor c>s 
7 put 9 s]vice 9 #aijb4 ,?is improvem5t 
rapidly displac$ !  8/eam dummies0 &    
facilitat$ ! ext5sion ( l9es & ! h&l+  (
 a rapidly increas+ traffic4    ,( !    
pres5t l9es on ! ,brooklyn ,rapid       
,transit sy/em #hi4bj miles (  r\te     
aggregat+ #beh4ce miles on a s+le track 
basis c be class$ z  rapid transit l9es 
& op]ate multiple unit tra9s ) ?ird rail
  curr5t collection4 ,?is includes !    
sev]al elevat$ bran*es 9  ,brooklyn & ! 
new] subway l9es ( ! dual sy/em all (   
:i* are  op]at$ by ! ,new ,york         
,consolidat$ ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 :i* is !     
op]at+  organization4    ,! l9es ( !    
,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit sy/em1 :i* are
 op]at$ by  ! ,new ,york ,consolidat$   
,r4 ,r41 accord+ to figures = ! ye> end$
  ,june #cj1 #aiba1 h&l$ #djd1igj1fdj   

pass5g]s ov] ! rapid transit  l9es4     
,p[] ,supply    ,! orig9al p[] equipm5t 
consi/$ ( eng9e-driv5 direct-curr5t     
g5]ators1 :i* h gradually be5 retir$ due
 to obsolesc5ce4    ,illu/ration3       
,,rapid ,,transit ,,l9es ,,op]at$ ,,by  
,,new ,,york ,,consolidat$  ,r4 ,r4     
,,co4    ,p[] = op]at+ ! ,b4 ,r4 ,t4    
sy/em is n[ g5]at$ 9 two                
alt]nat+-curr5t plants ) in/all$        
capacities z foll[s3                    
,c5tral 7,?ird ,av4  #bnd4 ,/47         
#af1ejj kw4               ,williamsburg 
7,k5t ,av4  ,ru% ,/47 #ahb1ejj kw4      
,p[] is g5]at$ & transmitt$ at #ffjj    
volts1 #be cycles1  ?ree-phase4 ,ow+ to 
! div]sifi$ fe$+ sy/em x is n possible  
to e/imate ! portion us$ by ! elevat$ & 
surface l9es4 ,p[]  = ! op]ation ( !    
,manhattan l9es is pur*as$ f !          
,int]bor\gh ,rapid ,transit ,co4        
,sub/ations    ,= supply+ #fjj volts to 
! entire sy/em ! ,b4 ,r4 ,t4 has 9      
op]ation #ih syn*ron\s conv]t] units    
aggregat+ #adb1ejj kw4 ,^!  units range 

9 size f #ejj to #djjj kw4 ea*4 ,_m ( ! 
/ations fe$  bo? elevat$ & surface l9es 
s t x is difficult to approximate  !    
capacity available = ! rapid transit    
s]vice4      ,di/ribution    ,curr5t    
collection on all elevat$ & subway l9es 
is f an  ov]-runn+ ?ird rail4 ,! foll[+ 
sizes ( ?ird rail are 9 use3            
,e>ly ,elevat$ l9es   #ee lb4 7to be    
replac$ ) #hj lb47         ,subway l9es 
#hj lb4         ,new ,subway            
#aej lb4      ,roll+ ,/ock    ,! ,new   
,york ,consolidat$ ,r4 ,r4 ,company     
op]ates 9 subway & elevat$  s]vice a    
total ( #aeej c>s ea* equipp$ ) two     
motors & multiple  unit control4 ,^!    
include ! equipm5t op]at$ ov] ! ,new    
,york  ,municipal l9es ?r\gh ! new      
subways4 #ijj ( ! newe/ c>s use         
,,ge-#bdh motors & weigh1 fully equipp$1
 ab\t #de tons ) seats = #gb  pass5g]s4 
,^! new c>s are op]at$ 9 all motor c>   
tra9s4    ,tra9s up to sev5 c>s are     
op]at$ 9 ru% h\r s]vice & !  m9imum     
headways approximate two m9utes4 ,!     

maximum l5g? ( ride  possible = a s+le  
f>e is f ,corona ?r\gh ! ,broadway      
subway to  ,coney ,isl&1 ab\t #ba miles4
 ,! maximum grade on ! sy/em is #e p]   
c5t on ! ,new ,york ,municipal l9e4     
,illu/ration3 #djjj-,,kw4 ,,syn*ron\s   
,,conv]t]s ,,in/all$ ,,9 ,,s\? #f,,?    
,,/reet ,,sub/ation                     
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,*icago ,,elevat$ ,,railroads      ,!  
pres5t ,*icago ,elevat$ ,railroads are  
an amalgamation ( ! f\r  sy/ems :i* up  
to #aiaa 7 op]at$ z indep5d5t l9es4 ,"u 
!  unifi$ sy/em ( op]ation a s+le f>e   
takes ! pass5g] f "o  end ( ! sy/em to !
 o!r1 except t nor? ( ,h[>d ,/reet on  !
 ,evan/on l9e an additional f>e is      
collect$4 ,! longe/  cont9u\s ride )\t  
*ange is f ,wilmette to ,jackson ,p>k1 a
  di/ance ( #bd miles4    ,! fir/       
elevat$ road1 aft]w>d kn[n z ! ,s\?     
,side ,elevat$1  />t$ op]ation 9 ,june1 
#ahib1 ) /eam eng9es4 ,aft] !           
successful demon/ration on ! ,intramural

 ,railway ?is l9e 0  electrifi$2 all    
/eam equipm5t be+ )drawn 9 #ahih4       
,:at is n[ ! ,*icago & ,oak ,p>k        
,elevat$ ,railroad began op]ation  9    
#ahic also ) /eam locomotives4          
,electrical op]ation began 9  ,septemb]1
 #ahif4    ,illu/ration3 #cj1jjj-,,kw4  
,,curtis ,,turb9e ,,9 ,,nor?we/ ,,/ation
 ,,(  ,,commonweal? ,,edison ,,company  
,! ,metropolitan ,we/ ,side 0 orig9ally 
plann$ = /eam locomotive  op]ation1 b   
developm5ts 9 electric traction dur+ !  
con/ruction  p]iod 7 s rapid t ord]s =  
/eam equipm5t 7 cancell$ &  op]ation    
began 9 ,may1 #ahie1 ) electric         
equipm5t4    ,! ,nor?we/]n ,elevat$     
began op]ation 9 ,may1 #aijj1 & 0 plann$
  z an electric rad f ! />t4 ,9 #ahig ! 
8,union ,loop0 0 built to  facilitate   
int]*ange ( pass5g]s f ! diff]5t l9es1 b
 a  sep>ate f>e 0 requir$ on ea* road up
 to #aiac4    ,! population s]v$ by !   
,*icago ,elevat$ ,l9es is e/imat$ at m  
?an #a1jjj1jjj p2 ! total numb] (       
pass5g]s h&l$ annually  is ab\t         

#aij1jjj1jjj4 ,tra9s ( f six to eight   
c>s are op]at$  dur+ ru% h\r s]vice on a
 two-m9ute headway ) a maximum ( #gb    
tra9s p] h\r on a track ( ! loop4 ,plans
 are be+ made to ext5d  "s ( ! /ation   
plat=ms to p]mit ! use ( m ?an #f- &    
#h-;c> tra9s4    ,an ext5sive program ( 
improvem5ts to ! pres5t rapid transit   
sy/em  has be5 propos$1 b no def9ite    
/eps h yet be5 tak5 t[>d  au?oriz+ ! "w4
 ,^! plans include a subway section "u !
  pres5t loop di/rict ) sev]al          
additional elevat$ l9es4                
,,pres5t ,,mileage ,,( ,,*icago         
,,elevat$ ,,l9es                        
,r\te ,s+le  ,y>d   ,total              
,miles  ,track         ,track           
,miles                                  
,nor?we/]n ,elevat$    #ai4g  #eb4cc    
#i4bh  #fa4fa           ,*icago  ,oak   
,p>k       #i4cb  #bj4ch   #b4bh  #bb4ff
           ,metropolitan ,we/ ,side     
#bc4hc  #ec4fc   #g4gh  #fa4da          
,s\? ,side              #af4ae  #ce4ii  
#i4ig  #de4if           ,loop           

#b4ab   #d4gb   4444   #d4gb            
#ia4ab #afg4je  #bi4ca #aif4cf          
,illu/ration3 ,,*icago ,,elevat$        
,,railroads    ,illu/ration3 ,,tra9 ,,on
 ,,intramural ,,railway ,,*icago1 #ahic 
,illu/ration3 #h-;,,c> ,,tra9--,,*icago 
,,elevat$ ,,roads--,,equipp$ ,,)        
,,ge-#bdc  ,,motors    ,illu/ration3    
#djjj-,,kw4 ,,syn*ron\s ,,conv]t]s ,,at 
,,campbell ,,av5ue ,,&  ,,hom] ,,/reet  
,,/ation      ,p[] ,supply    ,! p[] = !
 e>ly elevat$ l9es 0 d]iv$ f eng9e-driv5
  direct-curr5t p[] plants all ( :i* h  
s9ce become obsolete4 ,all  p[]1 !re=e1 
is suppli$ f ! network ( ! ,commonweal? 
,edison ,co41 :i* ma9ta9s an ample      
res]ve to supply all ne$s4 ,:ile  a l>ge
 p]c5tage ( ! p[] n[ be+ pur*as$ is     
g5]at$ at #be  cycles1 ! policy ( ! ,p[]
 ,co4 on all new equipm5t is to specify 
#fj cycles4      ,sub/ations    #ab out 
( ! #cb sub/ations supply+ ! v>i\s      
traction sy/ems are  own$ & op]at$ by ! 
,commonweal? ,edison ,co4 & only        
#fj-;cycle  g5]at+ equipm5t is in/all$  

:5 add+ to _! pres5t capacity4    ,!    
sev]al sub/ations conta9 syn*ron\s      
conv]t] units rang+ 9  size f #ajjj to  
#djjj kw4 ea*4 ,! pref]r$ size = new    
#fj-;cycle  sub/ations is ! #cjjj-kw4   
unit ( :i* !re are n[ five 9 s]vice4  ,!
 foll[+ table %[s ! own]%ip & gross     
capacity ( !  sub/ation equipm5t = all (
 ! ,*icago l9es4 ,x is n possible on    
acc\nt ( ! div]sity ( fe$+ arrangem5t to
 designate any  p>ticul> /ations z      
belong+ exclusively to ! elevat$ l9es4  
,,sub/ations--,,*icago ,,traction       
,,sy/ems                                
,op]at+ ,co4          ,no4     ,no4     
,total                                  
,/ations ,units  ,capacity              
,*icago ,railways ,co4               #aj
      #cb  #hj1jjj          ,*icago     
,city ,railway                #g        
#bf  #ec1djj          ,calumet  ,s4     
,*icago ,railway       #c       #i      
#i1jjj          ,commonweal? ,edison    
,co4            #ab      #cc #aje1jjj   
,elevat$ ,r4 ,r4                      #c

       #h   #i1jjj                      
,totals                         #ce     
#ajh #bef1djj              ,illu/ration3
 ,,late/ ,,type ,,( #cjjj-,,kw41        
#fj-;,,cycle ,,syn*ron\s ,,conv]t]s     
,,in/all$ ,,by ,,commonweal? ,,edison   
,,company1 ,,= ,,*icago ,,surface ,,&   
,,elevat$ ,,l9es    ,! ,nor?we/]n       
,elevat$ ,r4 ,r4 has on ord] a complete 
#bjjj-kw4  automatic sub/ation f !      
,g5]al ,electric ,co4 to be in/all$ at  
,bu5a ,p>k4 ,?is is ! fir/ application (
 ! automatic to  ,metropolitan ,rapid   
,transit s]vice4      ,di/ribution      
,en]gy = elevat$ tra9 op]ation is f$ to 
! ?ird-rail %oes at  #fjj volts4 ,! ?ird
 rail is ( ! top contact unprotect$     
,a4,s4,c4,e4  rail v>y+ 9 size f #dj to 
#hj lb4      ,roll+ ,/ock    ,! roll+   
/ock equipm5t includes a total ( #ajjh  
two-motor c>s  weigh+ f #bb to #ce tons 
ea*1 ! latt] figure repres5t+ !  m rec5t
 types ( c>s4 ,! di/ribution ( ^! c>s   
among ! f\r  divisions is z foll[s3     
,no4 ,motor                             

,c>s                   ,nor?we/]n       
,elevat$              #cjb              
,*icago  ,oak ,p>k ,elev4            #hd
                   ,metropolitan ,we/   
,side ,elev4       #bec                 
,s\? ,side ,elev4                   #cfi
                                        
,total                        #a1jjh    
,9 addition to ! motor c>s !re are      
available = use on ! sev]al  divisions  
ab\t #ffj coa*es :i* c be us$ z trail]s4
    ,supplem5tal to ! regul> elevat$    
s]vice ! ,*icago ,elevat$ ,sy/em  af=ds 
entrance to ! bus9ess section ( ! city  
to ! ,*icago1  ,nor? ,%ore  ,milwaukee  
,r4 ,r4 an affiliat$ l9e op]at+ a high  
spe$  int]urban s]vice betwe5 ,*icago & 
,milwaukee4 ,?is l9e ent]s f  ! nor?    
op]at+ ov] ! ,nor?we/]n division at     
,evan/on4    ,connection is also made at
 ,des ,pla9es at ! end ( ! ,g>field ,p>k
  ,bran* ) ! ,*icago1 ,aurora  ,elg9 ,r4
 ,r41 a high-spe$ ?ird-rail  l9e rea*+  
,aurora1 ,elg91 ,batavia1 ,g5eva & o!r  
po9ts we/4  ,^! tra9s also ent] ! city  

runn+ ov] ! ,metropolitan ,we/ ,side    
tracks into ! loop di/rict4             
,illu/ration3 #d-;,,c> ,,tra9 ,,on      
,,nor?we/]n ,,elevat$ ,,equipp$ ,,)     
,,ge-#bdc  ,,motors                     
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,hudson  ,,manhattan ,r4 ,r4      ,!   
,hudson  ,manhattan ,r4 ,r4 ,conducts a 
,heavy ,pass5g] ,traffic ,betwe5  ,l[]  
,manhattan & ,j]sey ,city po9ts & betwe5
 an upt[n /ation at  #ccrd4 ,/4 &       
,hobok51 ,n4 ,j4 ,rapid ,transit s]vice 
is also ma9ta9$  betwe5 ,hudson ,tunnel 
& ,new>k ov] ! tracks ( ! ,p5nsylvania  
,r4 ,r4 ,^! l9es popul>ly kn[n z !      
,hudson ,tubes are to a l>ge ext5t      
op]at$ ?r\gh tunnels "u ! ,hudson ,riv]4
 ,direct "u-riv]  connection is made    
betwe5 ,new ,york & ! /ations ( ! ,erie1
 ,d4 ,l4   ,w4 & ,p5nsylvania           
,railroads4    ,! total mileage ( !     
sy/em is made up z foll[s3              
,miles ( road         #g4hfi            
,extra track           #h4fcd           

,sid+s1 etc4          4#ccb             
,c> ,h\ses & ,%ops  #a4ibj              
,total            #ah4gfh    ,! road 0  
op5$ 9 ,febru>y1 #aijh1 = transportation
 ( pass5g]s  f ,j]sey ,city to l[]      
,manhattan & lat] to ! upt[n t]m9al4    
,illu/ration3 #f-;,,c> ,,tra9 ,,on      
,,hudson  ,,manhattan ,,railroad        
,,equipp$ ,,)  ,,ge-#gf ,,motors ,,&    
,,type ,m ,,control    ,illu/ration3    
#c-;,,c> ,,tra9 ,,= ,,new>k ,,rapid     
,,transit ,,s]vice ,,equipp$  ,,)       
,,ge-#bab ,,motors ,,& ,,type ,m        
,,control    ,illu/ration3 ,,hudson ,,& 
,,manhattan ,,railroad    ,illu/ration3 
,,two #ce1jjj-,,kw4 ,,curtis ,,turb9es  
,,9 ,,wat]side ,,/ation ,,no4 #a  ,,new 
,,york ,,edison ,,company    ,!         
electrical equipm5t1 :i* 0 furni%$      
?r\gh\t by ! ,g5]al  ,electric ,company1
 includes3        ,a p[] /ation equipp$ 
) f\r ,curtis turbo-g5]at+ units        
aggregat+ #ah1jjj-kw4        ,?ree      
sub/ations conta9+ a total (            
#aa-aejj-kw4 syn*ron\s        conv]t]s4 

#caa electric motor c>s equipp$ =       
multiple unit op]ation4 7#fj (        ^!
 c>s op]at$ 9 ! ,new>k ,suburban s]vice 
are !        prop]ty ( ! ,p5nsylvania   
,r4 ,r47                                
,,p[] ,,supply    ,! p[] /ation 0       
equipp$ ) two #fjjj-kw4 & two #cjjj-kw4 
v]tical ,curtis turb9es g5]at+          
#be-;cycle ?ree-phase alt]nat+  curr5t  
at #aa1jjj volts4 ,?is plant is at      
,j]sey ,city conv5i5tly  locat$ = !     
reception ( coal = fuel & use ( ,hudson 
,riv] wat]  = cond5s+ purposes4 ,?r\gh  
an arrangem5t agre$ to "s "t ago  p[] is
 n[ be+ pur*as$ f ! ,new ,york ,edison  
,company1 :o h  fur!rmore tak5 ov] ! p[]
 /ation4    ,sub/ation ,no4 #a is locat$
 at ,*ri/oph]  ,gre5wi* ,/s42 ,no4 #b at
  ,wa%+ton  ,fir/ ,/s4 79 ,p[] ,h\se7 & 
,no4 #c 9 ! ,hudson  ,t]m9al ,build+4 ,!
 #fjj-volt curr5t = tra9 propulsion is  
di/ribut$ ?r\gh a #ge-lb4 top contact   
?ird rail re9=c$ )  suitable fe$]s4     
,,roll+ ,,/ock    ,! motor c> equipm5t  
own$ by ! ,hudson  ,manhattan ,r4 ,r4   

includes  #bea units1 all motor c>s1 ea*
 c>ry+ two motors ei!r ,,ge-#gf1        
,,ge-#bab  or ,,ge-#bei & ,type ,m      
control4 ,! c>s are ( all-/eel          
con/ruction &  weigh f #ce to #cg tons  
ea* )\t pass5g] load4 ,! ,new>k s]vice  
requires #if c>s ( :i* #cf are own$ &   
#fj are furni%$ by !  ,p5nsylvania ,r4  
,r4 ,co4 ,all ( ^! c>s are equipp$ )    
,,ge-#bab  motors4    ,tra9 s]vice is   
op]at$ on a uni=m headway v>y+ ! numb] (
  c>s p] tra9 to suit ! traffic4        
,plat=ms are #cgj ft4 9 l5g?1  :i* is   
suffici5t to accommodate #h-;c> tra9s4  
,! total numb] (  pass5g]s h&l$ dur+ !  
ye> end$ ,june #cj1 #aiba1 0            
#ie1fjg1fde4                            
,,ge logo                               
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,int]bor\gh ,,rapid ,,transit ,,co4    
,on acc\nt ( its geographical           
peculi>ities ! city ( ,new ,york has  = 
_m ye>s be5 subject to traffic conge/ion
 on ! nor?-s\?  l9e4 ,! long n>r[ outl9e

 ( ! isl& ( ,manhattan ) its d5se       
population pres5ts an unusually         
difficult transportation problem4       
,until ! ye> #aiad ! op]ations ( !      
,int]bor\gh ,rapid ,transit  ,sy/em 7   
conf9$ almo/ exclusively to ,manhattan &
 ! ,bronx1  :ile ! ,brooklyn ,rapid     
,transit ,sy/em op]at$ 9 ,brooklyn & !  
,bor\gh ( ,que5s4 ,?is geographical     
division1 h[ev]1 0 ab&on$  ) !          
inauguration ( ! dual sy/em4 ,by ! new  
arrangem5t !  ,b4 ,r4 ,t4 op]ates into  
,manhattan ov] ! ,new ,york ,municipal  
l9e & on  ! o!r h& ! ,int]bor\gh rea*es 
into ,que5s ?r\gh ! ,/e9way  ,tunnels & 
! ,que5sbor\gh ,bridge & into ,brooklyn 
by ! ,ea/]n  ,p>kway & ,no/r& ,ave4     
,l9es4    ,illu/ration3 #g-;,,c> ,,tra9 
,,equipp$ ,,) ,g-,e ,,motors ,,& ,,pc   
,,control    ,illu/ration3 #cj1jjj-,,kw4
 ,,turb9e ,,at #ei,,? ,,/reet ,,/ation1 
,,int]bor\gh ,,rapid ,,transit          
,illu/ration3 ,,int]bor\gh ,,rapid      
,,transit ,,l9es    ,! ,int]bor\gh      
op]ates ! old subway trav]s+ ! l5g? (   

,manhattan & also ! f\r elevat$ l9es 9  
,manhattan & ! ,bronx4  ,! orig9al l9es 
( ?is sy/em 7 built 9 #ahfh & 7 ! fir/  
elevat$ tracks 9 ,new ,york & probably !
 fir/ 9 ! _w4 ,o!r  elevat$ l9es 7 built
 betwe5 #ahgj & #ahhj1 & ! pres5t old   
subway 0 complet$ 9 #aijd-h4    ,/eam   
locomotives 7 sup]s$$ on ! ,manhattan   
,elevat$ l9e 9 #aijb  & electric motor  
c> tra9s 7 sub/itut$4 ,! orig9al ,g5]al 
,electric equipm5t in/all$ at t "t is   
/ill 9 daily op]ation  aft] #bj ye>s'   
s]vice4    ,! pres5t rapid transit      
facilities ( ! ,int]bor\gh include !    
foll[+ bran*es3                         
,division              ,l5g?,total      
(  ,s+le                                
,road ,track                            
,bronx ,subway ,l9e ,contracts #a  #b   
,und]gr\nd                       #ai4ef 
#fb4ig               ,elevat$           
#f4af #bb4cb             ,contract ,no4 
#c                                      
,atlantic ,ave4                         
4444   4#bg               ,a/oria ,l9e  

,elevat$              #b4cc  #f4hg      
,brooklyn ,l9e                          
#e4aj #ag4ff               ,corona ,l9e 
,elevat$               #d4ba #ab4fa     
,cl>k ,/4 ,tunnel                       
#b4ca  #d4fg               ,j]ome ,ave4 
,l9e                   #f4jd #ah4hi     
,lex+ton ,ave4 ,l9e                #e4jj
 #ba4ae               #adi? ,/4 ,loop   
4#ee   4#ee                ,no/r& ,ave4 
,bran*              #b4gj  #e4ee        
,pelham ,bay ,p>k ,l9e                  
#g4ae #ba4f               ,que5sboro    
,subway                                 
,und]gr\nd                      #a4fa   
#e4ih                 ,elevat$          
#a4jc  4444               ,s\? ,ave4    
,l9e ,und]gr\nd        #d4ai #ae4gc     
,:ite ,pla9s ,rd4 ,l9e ,elevat$         
#d4hh #ae4hb             ,manhattan     
,division ,elevat$         #cg4fgaac4ai 
#h? ,ave4  #afbnd4 ,/4 ,connection      
4#fb  #a4bf               ,que5sboro    
,bridge ,l9e             #a4ce  #b4gc   
,web/] ,ave4 ,l9e                  #a4gd

  #e4cc               ,we/ ,f>ms ,subway
 ,connection        4#e   #a4jj         
,totals                         #aad4g  
#cgc4ae                 ,! numb] (      
pass5g]s c>ri$ by ! ,int]boro ,l9es dur+
 !  fiscal ye> #aiba 0 #a1jac1fgh1hca4  
,?is figure repres5ts #b1ggc1dgi        
pass5g]s p] mile ( track4 ,9 ! ma9      
#d-track subway #aj-;c> express  tra9s  
are op]at$ dur+ ru% h\r p]iods on m9imum
 headways ( #ajh  seconds4      ,p[]    
,supply    ,! p[] g5]at+ equipm5t ( !   
,int]bor\gh includes briefly !  foll[+3 
#ei? ,/4 ,p[] ,/ation      ,total ,kw4  
,turbo-,g5]ators    #c-cj1jjj kw4       
#ij1jjj                ,comp\nd ,units  
#e-ae1jjj kw4 #ge1jjj                   
,eng9e-driv5 ,units #d- #g1ejj kw4      
#cj1jjj                                 
,total                         #aie1jjj 
,kw4                                    
#gd? ,/4 ,p[] ,/ation      ,total ,kw4  
,turbo-,g5]ator     #a-fj1jjj kw4       
#fj1jjj                ,turbo-,g5]ators 
#c-cj1jjj kw4 #ij1jjj                   

,turbo-,g5]ator     #a- #g1ejj kw4      
#g1ejj                ,eng9e-driv5      
#c- #g1ejj kw4 #bb1ejj                  
,total                         #ahj1jjj 
,kw4                    ,p[] is g5]at$  
#aa1jjj volts ?ree-phase #be cycles &   
transmitt$  pr9cipally und]gr\nd at     
#aa1jjj & #ai1jjj volts4 ,! total en]gy 
g5]at$ 9 ! two ma9 sections at #ei? ,/4 
& #gd? ,/4 = ! ye>  #aiba 0 #hcj1jjj1jjj
 kw-hrs4      ,sub/ations    ,= supply+ 
#fbe-volt direct curr5t to ! rapid      
transit l9es1 !re  are a total ( #be    
sub/ations conta9+ #abi syn*ron\s       
conv]t]s  aggregat+ #bhc1jjj kw4        
,di/ribution    ,propulsion curr5t is   
deliv]$ to tra9s ?r\gh an unprotect$    
ov]-runn+ ?ird rail weigh+1 9 ! old     
subway #ge lbs4 p] y>d1 on  ! elevat$   
#ajj lbs41 & 9 ! new subway #aej lbs4 p]
 y>d4      ,roll+ ,/ock    ,! motor c>  
equipm5t on ! ,manhattan ,elevat$ l9es  
includes ov]  #hjj c>s :i* h be5 9      
op]ation s9ce #aijb-d ) ,,ge-#ff motors 
&  ,type ,m control4 ,^! c>s aft] #bj   

ye>s ( h>d s]vice are ref]r$  to z !    
8back-bone ( ! sy/em40 ,frequ5t         
additions h be5 made  to elevat$ &      
subway equipm5t s t ! total roll+ /ock  
at !  end ( ! fiscal ye> #aiba 0 z      
foll[s3               ,,int]bor\gh      
,,rapid ,,transit ,,roll+ ,,/ock        
,,equipm5t                              
,,manhattan ,,division                  
,pass5g] ,motor ,c>s          #ajaf     
,pass5g] ,trail]s             #gba      
,s]vice ,motor ,c>s               #d    
,s]vice ,trail]s                #ef     
,,elevat$ ,,ext5sions                   
,pass5g] ,motor ,c>s           #dgf     
,,subway ,,division ,,contracts #a  #b  
,pass5g] ,motor ,c>s           #ghe     
,pass5g] ,trail]s             #ceb      
,s]vice ,motor ,c>s              #aj    
,s]vice ,trail]s                #df     
,,subway ,,division ,,contract #c       
,pass5g] ,motor ,c>s           #eha     
,pass5g] ,trail]s             #bag      
,s]vice ,motor ,c>s               #a    
,total ,motor ,c>s            #bhgc     

,total ,trail]s              #acib      
,gr& ,total                 #dbfe    ,! 
longe/ ride on ! sy/em = a s+le f>e is f
 ! t]m9us (  ! ,:ite ,pla9s ,road l9e at
 #bda/ ,/4 ne> ! ,nor!rn b\nd>y (  !    
city1 ! entire l5g? ( ,manhattan & !    
,bronx & ?r\gh !  ,ea/]n ,p>kway ,subway
 to ,l9wood ,av5ue1 a di/ance ( ab\t #bf
 miles4  ,! maximum grades enc\nt]$ are 
#d p] c5t4                              
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,philadelphia ,,rapid ,,transit ,,co4  
,! pres5t rapid transit facilities ( !  
,city ( ,philadelphia include  ,m>ket   
,/4 ,subway-,elevat$ l9e ext5d+ ,ea/ f !
 #fi? ,/4  ,t]m9al to ! ,delaw>e ,riv]4 
,! tracks are elevat$ f #ff? ,/4 to     
#bbnd ,/4 & pass 9 subway "u ! bus9ess  
section to ano!r  elevat$ section on    
,delaw>e ,ave4 ,?is l9e fir/ began      
s]vice 9 #aije  & dur+ ! ye> #aibj h&l$ 
approximately #hj1jjj1jjj pass5g]s4     
,z f> back z #aiab an exhau/ive /udy ( !
 city's transportation  facilities 0    

made & a compreh5sive program (         
ext5sions 0  propos$ = ! rapid transit  
sy/em4 ,ow+ to legislative delays1 &    
conditions due to ! w>1 progress has be5
 delay$ on ?is program s  t s f> only ! 
,frank=d ,elevat$ l9e has be5 built4    
,?is is n[  ne>ly ready = op]ation1 f ! 
foot ( ,m>ket ,/reet to ,frank=d1  a    
di/ance ( #f4d miles all d\ble track$4  
,o!r ext5sions plann$ =  con/ruction 9 !
 ne> future include a f\r-track subway  
runn+  nor? & s\? "u ,broad ,/reet1 & an
 elevat$ l9e ext5d+ f  ! pres5t ,m>ket  
,/reet l9e at ,we/ ,philadelphia to     
,d>by4    ,! pres5t elevat$-subway sy/em
 is d\ble track$ ?r\gh\t &  multiple    
unit tra9s up to sev5 c>s ea* are op]at$
 on headways d[n  to two m9utes4 ,no    
express s]vice is op]at$1 all tra9s mak+
 e  /op4    ,illu/ration3 ,,philadelphia
 ,,rapid ,,transit ,,elevat$ ,,&        
,,subway ,,l9es    ,illu/ration3 ,,tra9 
,,on ,,m>ket ,,/reet ,,elevat$1         
,,philadelphia ,,rapid  ,,transit       
,,company      ,p[] ,supply    ,!       

,philadelphia ,rapid ,transit ,company's
 pr9cipal p[] /ation is at  ,delaw>e    
,av5ue4 ,/eam turb9e g5]at+ equipm5t    
totall+ #eh1jjj kw4  is 9 s]vice 9 ?ree 
/ations & is design$ = #ac1bjj volts    
#c-phase  #be cycles at :i* x is        
transmitt$ to ! sub/ations4 ,"o or two  
direct-curr5t /ations are /ill available
 = supply+ #fjj volts  direct to !      
trolley4 ,p[] is also pur*as$ f !       
,philadelphia  ,electric ,co4 & !       
,philadelphia ,hydro-,electric ,co4     
,sub/ations    ,! company op]ates a     
total ( #ag sub/ations us$ = supply+ bo?
  surface & rapid transit l9es4 ,^!     
/ations conta9 a total ( #fe  units     
aggregat+ #ajc1ejj kw4    ,p[] is       
di/ribut$ to all l9es at #fjj volts & on
 ! rapid transit  l9es is collect$ f an 
"u runn+ ?ird rail simil> to t us$  on !
 ,new ,york ,c5tral ,electric ,zone4    
,roll+ ,/ock    ,! roll+ /ock us$ on !  
,elevat$-,subway l9e includes #bae motor
  c>s ea* equipp$ ) two motors4 ,tra9s  
are made up ( all motor  c>s1 no trail]s

 be+ us$4 ,g5]al ,electric motors are   
us$  ?r\gh\t includ+ ,,ge-#ff &         
,,ge-#bbb4 ,! ,frank=d ext5sion w be    
op]at$ ) #ajj motor c>s ea* equipp$ )   
two ,,ge-#bei motors4    ,illu/ration3  
,,int]ior ,,( ,,sub/ation ,,at #ae,,?   
,,& ,,tuck] ,,/reets1  ,,%[+ #bjjj-,,kw4
 ,,syn*ron\s ,,conv]t]s                 
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,g5]al ,,electric ,,company ,,equipm5t 
,,9 ,,multiple-,,unit                   
,,subway  ,,elevat$ ,,s]vice            
,c>s                    ,motors         
,,sy/em                        ,no4,yr4 
put ,total   ,l5g? ,no4  ,type   ,trail]
                        9     ,wgt4     
,ov]all            ,op]at+              
,s]vice ,p\nds ,ft4 ,94                 
,bo/on ,elev4     #djaiag      #ffchcdf 
#g     #b;,,ge-#bei-;,b   ,rwy4 ,co4    
#deaibj      #fffbhdf #g                
#b;,,ge-#bei-;,b ,no                    
#bdaibj      #fhjjidf #g                
#b;,,ge-#bei-;,b                        

#bjaiab-c    #hfdjjfi #f                
#b;,,ge-#bab                            
,hudson          #ejaijg      #gdeejdh  
#c      #b;,,ge-#gf      ,manhattan ,r4 
,r4  #ijaiji      #fifbjdh #e           
#b;,,ge-#gf                             
#ejaiaj      #fifbjdh #e                
#b;,,ge-#gf    ,no                      
#ifaiaa      #gcjjjdh #c                
#b;,,ge-#bab-;,c                        
#beaiba      #gcejjea #c                
#b;,,ge-#bei                            
,int]bor\gh    #hbhaijb-c    #geejjdg #j
     #b;,,ge-#ff-;,a    ,rapid ,transit 
#bjjaijd      #ehejjdg #j               
#b;,,ge-#fi-;,b    ,co4                 
#iaaijg      #eiafjdg #j                
#b;,,ge-#baa-;,a                        
#djaijg      #hcbjjdg #j                
#b;,,ge-#bab-;,a                        
#aijaiji      #hcbjjea #j               
#b;,,ge-#bab-;,a ,yes                   
#faiae      #gjifjea #j                 
#b;,,ge-#bdj-;,c                        
#afaaiae      #gejjjea #j               

#b;,,ge-#bei-;,a                        
#ajcaiae      #geejjea #j               
#b;,,ge-#bfj-;,a                        
#gaaiae      #gajjjea #j                
#b;,,ge-#bei-;,a                        
#afhaiag      #geejjea #j               
#b;,,ge-#bfj-;,a                        
,metropolitan     #abahie-ih   #fejjjdg 
#i     #b;,,ge-#bjjj    ,we/ ,side      
,elev4  #ghaijd   #fe-gjjjjdg #i        
#b;,,ge-#ee    ,yes   ,rwy4             
#cgaiad-e    #gjjjjdh #f                
#b;,,ge-#bdc                            
,nor?we/]n    #aibaijj-jffe-fijjjdf #g  
#b;,,ge-#ee      ,elev4 ,r4 ,r4         
#bjaijh      #fijjjdf #g                
#b;,,ge-#baa-;,b ,yes                   
#dcaiad-ae   #gjjjjdh #f                
#b;,,ge-#bdc                            
,s\? ,side ,elev4#adiahig      #ebgaddg 
#a      #b;,,ge-#eg-;,b    ,r4 ,r4      
#gjaijb-jc   #eejjjdg #c                
#b;,,ge-#gc-;,a  ,yes                   
#faaiad-ae   #gjjjjdh #f                
#b;,,ge-#bdc                            

,*icago  ,oak    #hdaijf   #fe-gjjjjdf  
#g     #b;,,ge-#ee   ,yes   ,p>k ,elev4 
,r4 ,r4                                 
,n4 ,y4 ,municipal #ijjaiad-bj          
#ijfjjfg #j      #b;,,ge-#bdh  ,yes     
,ry4                                    
,philadelphia     #djaijf      #gajjjdi 
#g      #b;,,ge-#ff      ,rapid ,tran4  
,co4  #djaijg      #gfjjjdi #g          
#b;,,ge-#ff                             
#afaijf      #gbjjjdi #g                
#b;,,ge-#ff                             
#daiji      #gfjjjdi #g      #b;,,ge-#ff
    ,no                    #feaiaa      
#gjejjdi #g      #b;,,ge-#ff            
#ejaiac      #gjjjjdi #g                
#b;,,ge-#bbb-;,f                        
#ejaiba      #hifjjee                   
#b;,,ge-#bei                            
#ejaibb      #hifjjee                   
#b;,,ge-#bei         ,bullet9 ,numb] #di
 is a reproduction ( a #aibb ,g5]al     
,electric ,company  pamphlet4 ,s9ce t   
ye> _m *anges h be5 made 9 ! sy/ems     
describ$ & new l9es h be5 con/ruct$ 9   

,clevel&1 ,toronto &  ,montreal4 ,ano!r 
is "u con/ruction 9 ! ,san ,francisco   
area4  ,additional copies are available 
at #a4ej ea* f ! ,electric ,railway     
,hi/orical ,society1 ,box #ccje1        
,*icago1 ,ill4 #fjfed4