,transcriber ,notes ,obvious typos and punctuation errors fixed4 ,inconsistencies in hyphenation kept as in the original4 ,italics are represented by underscores surrounding the italic text4 ,small capitals have been converted to ,,all ,,caps4 ,superscripts are noted by a caret and curly brackets1 e4g4 #ei,,th4 ,a decorative ,,ge logo is represented by ,,ge logo ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration3 ,,metropolitan ,,subway and ,,elevated ,,systems ,,ge ,presented ,as ,bulletin ,number #di ,by ,the ,,electric ,,railway ,,historical ,,society ,price #a4ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,boston ,,elevated ,,railway ,,rapid ,,transit ,,system ,the transportation system of the city of ,boston comprises a combination of both rapid transit and surface lines operated under a single fare arrangement with transfer privileges permitting a continuous ride in one general direction from one end to the other of the system4 ,the elevated lines and the ,tremont ,st4 ,subway were originally built by the railway company in #aija4 ,today the total transportation system includes more than #ejj miles of line of which #cg miles are subway and elevated tracks4 ,the population served in the district of more than #ib square miles is considerably over a million people and the number of revenue passengers carried1 approximates #cej1jjj1jjj per year4 ,statistics are not available as to the passengers carried on the ,rapid ,transit lines4 ,illustration3 ,,exterior ,,of ,,main ,,power ,,station ,,at ,,south ,,boston ,the original elevated structure operated between ,sullivan ,sq41 ,charlestown1 and ,dudley ,street1 with two branches through the city1 one by subway under ,tremont ,st4 and the other by the way of ,atlantic ,ave4 and ,south ,station4 ,in #aijh-i the elevated structure was extended to the present terminal at ,forest ,hills and the ,washington ,st4 ,subway was completed through the business part of the city4 ,the ,cambridge ,subway was placed in operation in #aiab4 ,recent extensions include an elevated line from ,sullivan ,square to ,everett and reconstruction of the tunnel to ,east ,boston4 ,since ,july #a1 #aiai1 the system has been operated by the ,board of ,trustees of the ,commonwealth4 ,under the direction of this board are included not only the details of operation and management1 but also the decisions as to fares to be charged independent of the ,state ,department of ,public ,utilities4 ,under the direction of the present management a continuous program of improvements has been inaugurated which has necessitated the re-routing of trains to handle the traffic to the best advantage4 ,briefly there are four main routes as follows3 ,forest ,hills-,everett 7via tunnel7 #h4ei miles ,forest ,hills-,everett 7via elev47 #i4ce miles ,harvard-,andrew #e4ef miles ,no4 ,station ,west-,kenmore #b4hg miles ,bowdoin-,maverick ,sq4 #a4fg miles ,the ,forest ,hills-,everett route is called the main line1 and the ,harvard-,andrew route the ,cambridge ,subway4 ,the ,bowdoin-,maverick ,square line up to the present has been operating three-car trains with overhead trolley1 but new equipment consisting of steel cars is now on order and the third rail is now being installed in the tunnel4 ,the ,lechmere ,sq4-,broadway line over ,east ,cambridge ,viaduct and ,tremont ,st4 ,subway is also considered a rapid transit route1 although surface type cars are used with overhead trolley4 ,these cars are equipped for multiple unit control and are operated in three-car trains4 ,illustration3 #ce1jjj-,,kw4 ,,turbo-,,generator ,,in ,,south ,,boston ,,power ,,station ,the rush hour trains on the main line include as high as eight cars1 which is the limit set by the length of the station platforms4 ,the signal system is entirely automatic and during rush hours the headway varies from #b to #c minutes on the main line4 ,the maximum grades encountered are #b to #c percent with a high percentage of heavy curvature4 ,by taking advantage of the transfer arrangements at terminals1 rides of #ad miles can be obtained for a single fare4 ,power ,station ,equipment ,the power system as originally installed included several engine-driven direct-current plants suitably located for distributing #fjj volts direct to the trolley4 ,with the extension of the system1 however1 an alternating-current station was installed at ,south ,boston1 generating #be-;cycle three-phase current for distribution at #ac1bjj volts to synchronous converter substations4 ,alternating-current generating equipment has also been installed at the ,lincoln ,station4 ,the total installed capacity of turbine stations is now #aae1jjj kw4 while the direct-current generating stations have practically all been discontinued4 ,illustration3 ,,rapid ,,transit ,,lines--,,boston ,,elevated ,,railway ,illustration3 ,,exterior ,,of ,,egleston ,,square ,,substation ,substations ,there are in operation for supplying power to both elevated and surface lines a total of #ab synchronous converter substations having a total rated capacity of #eh1jjj kw4 ,the power consumption of the ,rapid ,transit lines is somewhat less than half the total energy used4 ,distribution ,direct current is distributed from the several substations at #fjj volts and is collected on the rapid transit systems from an #he-lb4 over-running third rail4 ,rolling ,stock ,altogether there are #dbj cars in the rapid transit service1 the older cars weighing about #cd tons with seating capacity of #dh and the newer type as used in the ,cambridge ,subway #dc tons each1 arranged to seat #gb passengers4 ,on account of the limiting clearances in the old subway the ,cambridge cars cannot be used on the main line4 ,all cars are motor cars and no attempt is made to use trailers4 ,each car is equipped with two motors and multiple unit control4 ,illustration3 ,,latest ,,type ,,of ,,steel ,,motor ,,car ,,used ,,in ,,cambridge ,,subway ,illustration3 ,,main ,,line ,,train--,,boston ,,elevated ,,railway ,illustration3 ,,interior ,,of ,,substation ,,equipped ,,with #bjjj-,,kw4 ,,synchronous ,,converters ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,brooklyn ,,rapid ,,transit ,,system ,the ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit ,company controls all of the elevated and surface lines in ,brooklyn including those reaching ,coney ,island4 ,it also has entrance to ,manhattan over the lines of the ,new ,york ,municipal ,railway ,corporation1 which was organized by the ,b4 ,r4 ,t4 to finance and construct a part of the new city lines allotted to the ,b4 ,r4 ,t4 ,the ,new ,york ,municipal line runs through the new ,broadway subway as far north as #fjth ,st4 thence east through the #fjth ,st4 tunnel under the ,east ,river to a connection with the ,astoria and ,corona lines in ,queens4 ,other subway and bridge routes have been completed during the past few years as part of a definite plan1 which contemplates the elimination of the present stub end operation at the lower end of ,manhattan4 ,illustration3 ,,standard ,,new ,,york ,,municipal ,,motor ,,car ,,equipped ,,with ,,ge-#bdh ,,motors ,the ,brooklyn ,bridge line built in #ahhc and the ,brooklyn ,elevated ,r4 ,r4 in #ahhh formed the nucleus of the present ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit system4 ,electrical equipment was tried out in #ahih and additional motor cars were put in service in #aijb4 ,this improvement rapidly displaced the 8steam dummies0 and facilitated the extension of lines and the handling of a rapidly increasing traffic4 ,of the present lines on the ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit system #hi4bj miles of route aggregating #beh4ce miles on a single track basis can be classed as rapid transit lines and operate multiple unit trains with third rail current collection4 ,this includes the several elevated branches in ,brooklyn and the newer subway lines of the dual system all of which are operated by the ,new ,york ,consolidated ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 which is the operating organization4 ,the lines of the ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit system1 which are operated by the ,new ,york ,consolidated ,r4 ,r41 according to figures for the year ended ,june #cj1 #aiba1 handled #djd1igj1fdj passengers over the rapid transit lines4 ,power ,supply ,the original power equipment consisted of engine-driven direct-current generators1 which have gradually been retired due to obsolescence4 ,illustration3 ,,rapid ,,transit ,,lines ,,operated ,,by ,,new ,,york ,,consolidated ,r4 ,r4 ,,co4 ,power for operating the ,b4 ,r4 ,t4 system is now generated in two alternating-current plants with installed capacities as follows3 ,central 7,third ,av4 #bnd4 ,st47 #af1ejj kw4 ,williamsburg 7,kent ,av4 ,rush ,st47 #ahb1ejj kw4 ,power is generated and transmitted at #ffjj volts1 #be cycles1 three-phase4 ,owing to the diversified feeding system it is not possible to estimate the portion used by the elevated and surface lines4 ,power for the operation of the ,manhattan lines is purchased from the ,interborough ,rapid ,transit ,co4 ,substations ,for supplying #fjj volts to the entire system the ,b4 ,r4 ,t4 has in operation #ih synchronous converter units aggregating #adb1ejj kw4 ,these units range in size from #ejj to #djjj kw4 each4 ,many of the stations feed both elevated and surface lines so that it is difficult to approximate the capacity available for the rapid transit service4 ,distribution ,current collection on all elevated and subway lines is from an over-running third rail4 ,the following sizes of third rail are in use3 ,early ,elevated lines #ee lb4 7to be replaced with #hj lb47 ,subway lines #hj lb4 ,new ,subway #aej lb4 ,rolling ,stock ,the ,new ,york ,consolidated ,r4 ,r4 ,company operates in subway and elevated service a total of #aeej cars each equipped with two motors and multiple unit control4 ,these include the equipment operated over the ,new ,york ,municipal lines through the new subways4 #ijj of the newest cars use ,,ge-#bdh motors and weigh1 fully equipped1 about #de tons with seats for #gb passengers4 ,these new cars are operated in all motor car trains4 ,trains up to seven cars are operated in rush hour service and the minimum headways approximate two minutes4 ,the maximum length of ride possible for a single fare is from ,corona through the ,broadway subway to ,coney ,island1 about #ba miles4 ,the maximum grade on the system is #e per cent on the ,new ,york ,municipal line4 ,illustration3 #djjj-,,kw4 ,,synchronous ,,converters ,,installed ,,in ,,south #f,,th ,,street ,,substation ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,chicago ,,elevated ,,railroads ,the present ,chicago ,elevated ,railroads are an amalgamation of the four systems which up to #aiaa were operated as independent lines4 ,under the unified system of operation a single fare takes the passenger from one end of the system to the other1 except that north of ,howard ,street on the ,evanston line an additional fare is collected4 ,the longest continuous ride without change is from ,wilmette to ,jackson ,park1 a distance of #bd miles4 ,the first elevated road1 afterward known as the ,south ,side ,elevated1 started operation in ,june1 #ahib1 with steam engines4 ,after the successful demonstration on the ,intramural ,railway this line was electrified2 all steam equipment being withdrawn in #ahih4 ,what is now the ,chicago and ,oak ,park ,elevated ,railroad began operation in #ahic also with steam locomotives4 ,electrical operation began in ,september1 #ahif4 ,illustration3 #cj1jjj-,,kw4 ,,curtis ,,turbine ,,in ,,northwest ,,station ,,of ,,commonwealth ,,edison ,,company ,the ,metropolitan ,west ,side was originally planned for steam locomotive operation1 but developments in electric traction during the construction period were so rapid that orders for steam equipment were cancelled and operation began in ,may1 #ahie1 with electric equipment4 ,the ,northwestern ,elevated began operation in ,may1 #aijj1 and was planned as an electric rad from the start4 ,in #ahig the 8,union ,loop0 was built to facilitate interchange of passengers from the different lines1 but a separate fare was required on each road up to #aiac4 ,the population served by the ,chicago ,elevated ,lines is estimated at more than #a1jjj1jjj people2 the total number of passengers handled annually is about #aij1jjj1jjj4 ,trains of from six to eight cars are operated during rush hour service on a two-minute headway with a maximum of #gb trains per hour on a track of the loop4 ,plans are being made to extend some of the station platforms to permit the use of more than #f- and #h-;car trains4 ,an extensive program of improvements to the present rapid transit system has been proposed1 but no definite steps have yet been taken toward authorizing the work4 ,these plans include a subway section under the present loop district with several additional elevated lines4 ,,present ,,mileage ,,of ,,chicago ,,elevated ,,lines ,route ,single ,yard ,total ,miles ,track ,track ,miles ,northwestern ,elevated #ai4g #eb4cc #i4bh #fa4fa ,chicago ,oak ,park #i4cb #bj4ch #b4bh #bb4ff ,metropolitan ,west ,side #bc4hc #ec4fc #g4gh #fa4da ,south ,side #af4ae #ce4ii #i4ig #de4if ,loop #b4ab #d4gb 4444 #d4gb #ia4ab #afg4je #bi4ca #aif4cf ,illustration3 ,,chicago ,,elevated ,,railroads ,illustration3 ,,train ,,on ,,intramural ,,railway ,,chicago1 #ahic ,illustration3 #h-;,,car ,,train--,,chicago ,,elevated ,,roads--,,equipped ,,with ,,ge-#bdc ,,motors ,illustration3 #djjj-,,kw4 ,,synchronous ,,converters ,,at ,,campbell ,,avenue ,,and ,,homer ,,street ,,station ,power ,supply ,the power for the early elevated lines was derived from engine-driven direct-current power plants all of which have since become obsolete4 ,all power1 therefore1 is supplied from the network of the ,commonwealth ,edison ,co41 which maintains an ample reserve to supply all needs4 ,while a large percentage of the power now being purchased is generated at #be cycles1 the policy of the ,power ,co4 on all new equipment is to specify #fj cycles4 ,substations #ab out of the #cb substations supplying the various traction systems are owned and operated by the ,commonwealth ,edison ,co4 and only #fj-;cycle generating equipment is installed when adding to their present capacity4 ,the several substations contain synchronous converter units ranging in size from #ajjj to #djjj kw4 each4 ,the preferred size for new #fj-;cycle substations is the #cjjj-kw4 unit of which there are now five in service4 ,the following table shows the ownership and gross capacity of the substation equipment for all of the ,chicago lines4 ,it is not possible on account of the diversity of feeding arrangement to designate any particular stations as belonging exclusively to the elevated lines4 ,,substations--,,chicago ,,traction ,,systems ,operating ,co4 ,no4 ,no4 ,total ,stations ,units ,capacity ,chicago ,railways ,co4 #aj #cb #hj1jjj ,chicago ,city ,railway #g #bf #ec1djj ,calumet ,so4 ,chicago ,railway #c #i #i1jjj ,commonwealth ,edison ,co4 #ab #cc #aje1jjj ,elevated ,r4 ,r4 #c #h #i1jjj ,totals #ce #ajh #bef1djj ,illustration3 ,,latest ,,type ,,of #cjjj-,,kw41 #fj-;,,cycle ,,synchronous ,,converters ,,installed ,,by ,,commonwealth ,,edison ,,company1 ,,for ,,chicago ,,surface ,,and ,,elevated ,,lines ,the ,northwestern ,elevated ,r4 ,r4 has on order a complete #bjjj-kw4 automatic substation from the ,general ,electric ,co4 to be installed at ,buena ,park4 ,this is the first application of the automatic to ,metropolitan ,rapid ,transit service4 ,distribution ,energy for elevated train operation is fed to the third-rail shoes at #fjj volts4 ,the third rail is of the top contact unprotected ,a4,s4,c4,e4 rail varying in size from #dj to #hj lb4 ,rolling ,stock ,the rolling stock equipment includes a total of #ajjh two-motor cars weighing from #bb to #ce tons each1 the latter figure representing the more recent types of cars4 ,the distribution of these cars among the four divisions is as follows3 ,no4 ,motor ,cars ,northwestern ,elevated #cjb ,chicago ,oak ,park ,elev4 #hd ,metropolitan ,west ,side ,elev4 #bec ,south ,side ,elev4 #cfi ,total #a1jjh ,in addition to the motor cars there are available for use on the several divisions about #ffj coaches which can be used as trailers4 ,supplemental to the regular elevated service the ,chicago ,elevated ,system affords entrance to the business section of the city to the ,chicago1 ,north ,shore ,milwaukee ,r4 ,r4 an affiliated line operating a high speed interurban service between ,chicago and ,milwaukee4 ,this line enters from the north operating over the ,northwestern division at ,evanston4 ,connection is also made at ,des ,plaines at the end of the ,garfield ,park ,branch with the ,chicago1 ,aurora ,elgin ,r4 ,r41 a high-speed third-rail line reaching ,aurora1 ,elgin1 ,batavia1 ,geneva and other points west4 ,these trains also enter the city running over the ,metropolitan ,west ,side tracks into the loop district4 ,illustration3 #d-;,,car ,,train ,,on ,,northwestern ,,elevated ,,equipped ,,with ,,ge-#bdc ,,motors ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,hudson ,,manhattan ,r4 ,r4 ,the ,hudson ,manhattan ,r4 ,r4 ,conducts a ,heavy ,passenger ,traffic ,between ,lower ,manhattan and ,jersey ,city points and between an uptown station at #ccrd4 ,st4 and ,hoboken1 ,n4 ,j4 ,rapid ,transit service is also maintained between ,hudson ,tunnel and ,newark over the tracks of the ,pennsylvania ,r4 ,r4 ,these lines popularly known as the ,hudson ,tubes are to a large extent operated through tunnels under the ,hudson ,river4 ,direct under-river connection is made between ,new ,york and the stations of the ,erie1 ,d4 ,l4 ,w4 and ,pennsylvania ,railroads4 ,the total mileage of the system is made up as follows3 ,miles of road #g4hfi ,extra track #h4fcd ,sidings1 etc4 4#ccb ,car ,houses and ,shops #a4ibj ,total #ah4gfh ,the road was opened in ,february1 #aijh1 for transportation of passengers from ,jersey ,city to lower ,manhattan and later to the uptown terminal4 ,illustration3 #f-;,,car ,,train ,,on ,,hudson ,,manhattan ,,railroad ,,equipped ,,with ,,ge-#gf ,,motors ,,and ,,type ,m ,,control ,illustration3 #c-;,,car ,,train ,,for ,,newark ,,rapid ,,transit ,,service ,,equipped ,,with ,,ge-#bab ,,motors ,,and ,,type ,m ,,control ,illustration3 ,,hudson ,,and ,,manhattan ,,railroad ,illustration3 ,,two #ce1jjj-,,kw4 ,,curtis ,,turbines ,,in ,,waterside ,,station ,,no4 #a ,,new ,,york ,,edison ,,company ,the electrical equipment1 which was furnished throughout by the ,general ,electric ,company1 includes3 ,a power station equipped with four ,curtis turbo-generating units aggregating #ah1jjj-kw4 ,three substations containing a total of #aa-aejj-kw4 synchronous converters4 #caa electric motor cars equipped for multiple unit operation4 7#fj of these cars operated in the ,newark ,suburban service are the property of the ,pennsylvania ,r4 ,r47 ,,power ,,supply ,the power station was equipped with two #fjjj-kw4 and two #cjjj-kw4 vertical ,curtis turbines generating #be-;cycle three-phase alternating current at #aa1jjj volts4 ,this plant is at ,jersey ,city conveniently located for the reception of coal for fuel and use of ,hudson ,river water for condensing purposes4 ,through an arrangement agreed to some time ago power is now being purchased from the ,new ,york ,edison ,company1 who have furthermore taken over the power station4 ,substation ,no4 #a is located at ,christopher ,greenwich ,sts42 ,no4 #b at ,washington ,first ,sts4 7in ,power ,house7 and ,no4 #c in the ,hudson ,terminal ,building4 ,the #fjj-volt current for train propulsion is distributed through a #ge-lb4 top contact third rail reinforced with suitable feeders4 ,,rolling ,,stock ,the motor car equipment owned by the ,hudson ,manhattan ,r4 ,r4 includes #bea units1 all motor cars1 each carrying two motors either ,,ge-#gf1 ,,ge-#bab or ,,ge-#bei and ,type ,m control4 ,the cars are of all-steel construction and weigh from #ce to #cg tons each without passenger load4 ,the ,newark service requires #if cars of which #cf are owned and #fj are furnished by the ,pennsylvania ,r4 ,r4 ,co4 ,all of these cars are equipped with ,,ge-#bab motors4 ,train service is operated on a uniform headway varying the number of cars per train to suit the traffic4 ,platforms are #cgj ft4 in length1 which is sufficient to accommodate #h-;car trains4 ,the total number of passengers handled during the year ended ,june #cj1 #aiba1 was #ie1fjg1fde4 ,,ge logo ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,interborough ,,rapid ,,transit ,,co4 ,on account of its geographical peculiarities the city of ,new ,york has for many years been subject to traffic congestion on the north-south line4 ,the long narrow outline of the island of ,manhattan with its dense population presents an unusually difficult transportation problem4 ,until the year #aiad the operations of the ,interborough ,rapid ,transit ,system were confined almost exclusively to ,manhattan and the ,bronx1 while the ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit ,system operated in ,brooklyn and the ,borough of ,queens4 ,this geographical division1 however1 was abandoned with the inauguration of the dual system4 ,by the new arrangement the ,b4 ,r4 ,t4 operates into ,manhattan over the ,new ,york ,municipal line and on the other hand the ,interborough reaches into ,queens through the ,steinway ,tunnels and the ,queensborough ,bridge and into ,brooklyn by the ,eastern ,parkway and ,nostrand ,ave4 ,lines4 ,illustration3 #g-;,,car ,,train ,,equipped ,,with ,g-,e ,,motors ,,and ,,pc ,,control ,illustration3 #cj1jjj-,,kw4 ,,turbine ,,at #ei,,th ,,street ,,station1 ,,interborough ,,rapid ,,transit ,illustration3 ,,interborough ,,rapid ,,transit ,,lines ,the ,interborough operates the old subway traversing the length of ,manhattan and also the four elevated lines in ,manhattan and the ,bronx4 ,the original lines of this system were built in #ahfh and were the first elevated tracks in ,new ,york and probably the first in the world4 ,other elevated lines were built between #ahgj and #ahhj1 and the present old subway was completed in #aijd-h4 ,steam locomotives were superseded on the ,manhattan ,elevated line in #aijb and electric motor car trains were substituted4 ,the original ,general ,electric equipment installed at that time is still in daily operation after #bj years' service4 ,the present rapid transit facilities of the ,interborough include the following branches3 ,division ,length,total of ,single ,road ,track ,bronx ,subway ,line ,contracts #a #b ,underground #ai4ef #fb4ig ,elevated #f4af #bb4cb ,contract ,no4 #c ,atlantic ,ave4 4444 4#bg ,astoria ,line ,elevated #b4cc #f4hg ,brooklyn ,line #e4aj #ag4ff ,corona ,line ,elevated #d4ba #ab4fa ,clark ,st4 ,tunnel #b4ca #d4fg ,jerome ,ave4 ,line #f4jd #ah4hi ,lexington ,ave4 ,line #e4jj #ba4ae #adith ,st4 ,loop 4#ee 4#ee ,nostrand ,ave4 ,branch #b4gj #e4ee ,pelham ,bay ,park ,line #g4ae #ba4f ,queensboro ,subway ,underground #a4fa #e4ih ,elevated #a4jc 4444 ,south ,ave4 ,line ,underground #d4ai #ae4gc ,white ,plains ,rd4 ,line ,elevated #d4hh #ae4hb ,manhattan ,division ,elevated #cg4fgaac4ai #hth ,ave4 #afbnd4 ,st4 ,connection 4#fb #a4bf ,queensboro ,bridge ,line #a4ce #b4gc ,webster ,ave4 ,line #a4gd #e4cc ,west ,farms ,subway ,connection 4#e #a4jj ,totals #aad4g #cgc4ae ,the number of passengers carried by the ,interboro ,lines during the fiscal year #aiba was #a1jac1fgh1hca4 ,this figure represents #b1ggc1dgi passengers per mile of track4 ,in the main #d-track subway #aj-;car express trains are operated during rush hour periods on minimum headways of #ajh seconds4 ,power ,supply ,the power generating equipment of the ,interborough includes briefly the following3 #eith ,st4 ,power ,station ,total ,kw4 ,turbo-,generators #c-cj1jjj kw4 #ij1jjj ,compound ,units #e-ae1jjj kw4 #ge1jjj ,engine-driven ,units #d- #g1ejj kw4 #cj1jjj ,total #aie1jjj ,kw4 #gdth ,st4 ,power ,station ,total ,kw4 ,turbo-,generator #a-fj1jjj kw4 #fj1jjj ,turbo-,generators #c-cj1jjj kw4 #ij1jjj ,turbo-,generator #a- #g1ejj kw4 #g1ejj ,engine-driven #c- #g1ejj kw4 #bb1ejj ,total #ahj1jjj ,kw4 ,power is generated #aa1jjj volts three-phase #be cycles and transmitted principally underground at #aa1jjj and #ai1jjj volts4 ,the total energy generated in the two main sections at #eith ,st4 and #gdth ,st4 for the year #aiba was #hcj1jjj1jjj kw-hrs4 ,substations ,for supplying #fbe-volt direct current to the rapid transit lines1 there are a total of #be substations containing #abi synchronous converters aggregating #bhc1jjj kw4 ,distribution ,propulsion current is delivered to trains through an unprotected over-running third rail weighing1 in the old subway #ge lbs4 per yard1 on the elevated #ajj lbs41 and in the new subway #aej lbs4 per yard4 ,rolling ,stock ,the motor car equipment on the ,manhattan ,elevated lines includes over #hjj cars which have been in operation since #aijb-d with ,,ge-#ff motors and ,type ,m control4 ,these cars after #bj years of hard service are referred to as the 8back-bone of the system40 ,frequent additions have been made to elevated and subway equipment so that the total rolling stock at the end of the fiscal year #aiba was as follows3 ,,interborough ,,rapid ,,transit ,,rolling ,,stock ,,equipment ,,manhattan ,,division ,passenger ,motor ,cars #ajaf ,passenger ,trailers #gba ,service ,motor ,cars #d ,service ,trailers #ef ,,elevated ,,extensions ,passenger ,motor ,cars #dgf ,,subway ,,division ,,contracts #a #b ,passenger ,motor ,cars #ghe ,passenger ,trailers #ceb ,service ,motor ,cars #aj ,service ,trailers #df ,,subway ,,division ,,contract #c ,passenger ,motor ,cars #eha ,passenger ,trailers #bag ,service ,motor ,cars #a ,total ,motor ,cars #bhgc ,total ,trailers #acib ,grand ,total #dbfe ,the longest ride on the system for a single fare is from the terminus of the ,white ,plains ,road line at #bdast ,st4 near the ,northern boundary of the city1 the entire length of ,manhattan and the ,bronx and through the ,eastern ,parkway ,subway to ,linwood ,avenue1 a distance of about #bf miles4 ,the maximum grades encountered are #d per cent4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,philadelphia ,,rapid ,,transit ,,co4 ,the present rapid transit facilities of the ,city of ,philadelphia include ,market ,st4 ,subway-,elevated line extending ,east from the #fith ,st4 ,terminal to the ,delaware ,river4 ,the tracks are elevated from #ffth ,st4 to #bbnd ,st4 and pass in subway under the business section to another elevated section on ,delaware ,ave4 ,this line first began service in #aije and during the year #aibj handled approximately #hj1jjj1jjj passengers4 ,as far back as #aiab an exhaustive study of the city's transportation facilities was made and a comprehensive program of extensions was proposed for the rapid transit system4 ,owing to legislative delays1 and conditions due to the war1 progress has been delayed on this program so that so far only the ,frankford ,elevated line has been built4 ,this is now nearly ready for operation1 from the foot of ,market ,street to ,frankford1 a distance of #f4d miles all double tracked4 ,other extensions planned for construction in the near future include a four-track subway running north and south under ,broad ,street1 and an elevated line extending from the present ,market ,street line at ,west ,philadelphia to ,darby4 ,the present elevated-subway system is double tracked throughout and multiple unit trains up to seven cars each are operated on headways down to two minutes4 ,no express service is operated1 all trains making every stop4 ,illustration3 ,,philadelphia ,,rapid ,,transit ,,elevated ,,and ,,subway ,,lines ,illustration3 ,,train ,,on ,,market ,,street ,,elevated1 ,,philadelphia ,,rapid ,,transit ,,company ,power ,supply ,the ,philadelphia ,rapid ,transit ,company's principal power station is at ,delaware ,avenue4 ,steam turbine generating equipment totalling #eh1jjj kw4 is in service in three stations and is designed for #ac1bjj volts #c-phase #be cycles at which it is transmitted to the substations4 ,one or two direct-current stations are still available for supplying #fjj volts direct to the trolley4 ,power is also purchased from the ,philadelphia ,electric ,co4 and the ,philadelphia ,hydro-,electric ,co4 ,substations ,the company operates a total of #ag substations used for supplying both surface and rapid transit lines4 ,these stations contain a total of #fe units aggregating #ajc1ejj kw4 ,power is distributed to all lines at #fjj volts and on the rapid transit lines is collected from an under running third rail similar to that used on the ,new ,york ,central ,electric ,zone4 ,rolling ,stock ,the rolling stock used on the ,elevated-,subway line includes #bae motor cars each equipped with two motors4 ,trains are made up of all motor cars1 no trailers being used4 ,general ,electric motors are used throughout including ,,ge-#ff and ,,ge-#bbb4 ,the ,frankford extension will be operated with #ajj motor cars each equipped with two ,,ge-#bei motors4 ,illustration3 ,,interior ,,of ,,substation ,,at #ae,,th ,,and ,,tucker ,,streets1 ,,showing #bjjj-,,kw4 ,,synchronous ,,converters ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,general ,,electric ,,company ,,equipment ,,in ,,multiple-,,unit ,,subway ,,elevated ,,service ,cars ,motors ,,system ,no4,yr4 put ,total ,length ,no4 ,type ,trailer in ,wgt4 ,overall ,operating ,service ,pounds ,ft4 ,in4 ,boston ,elev4 #djaiag #ffchcdf #g #b;,,ge-#bei-;,b ,rwy4 ,co4 #deaibj #fffbhdf #g #b;,,ge-#bei-;,b ,no #bdaibj #fhjjidf #g #b;,,ge-#bei-;,b #bjaiab-c #hfdjjfi #f #b;,,ge-#bab ,hudson #ejaijg #gdeejdh #c #b;,,ge-#gf ,manhattan ,r4 ,r4 #ijaiji #fifbjdh #e #b;,,ge-#gf #ejaiaj #fifbjdh #e #b;,,ge-#gf ,no #ifaiaa #gcjjjdh #c #b;,,ge-#bab-;,c #beaiba #gcejjea #c #b;,,ge-#bei ,interborough #hbhaijb-c #geejjdg #j #b;,,ge-#ff-;,a ,rapid ,transit #bjjaijd #ehejjdg #j #b;,,ge-#fi-;,b ,co4 #iaaijg #eiafjdg #j #b;,,ge-#baa-;,a #djaijg #hcbjjdg #j #b;,,ge-#bab-;,a #aijaiji #hcbjjea #j #b;,,ge-#bab-;,a ,yes #faiae #gjifjea #j #b;,,ge-#bdj-;,c #afaaiae #gejjjea #j #b;,,ge-#bei-;,a #ajcaiae #geejjea #j #b;,,ge-#bfj-;,a #gaaiae #gajjjea #j #b;,,ge-#bei-;,a #afhaiag #geejjea #j #b;,,ge-#bfj-;,a ,metropolitan #abahie-ih #fejjjdg #i #b;,,ge-#bjjj ,west ,side ,elev4 #ghaijd #fe-gjjjjdg #i #b;,,ge-#ee ,yes ,rwy4 #cgaiad-e #gjjjjdh #f #b;,,ge-#bdc ,northwestern #aibaijj-jffe-fijjjdf #g #b;,,ge-#ee ,elev4 ,r4 ,r4 #bjaijh #fijjjdf #g #b;,,ge-#baa-;,b ,yes #dcaiad-ae #gjjjjdh #f #b;,,ge-#bdc ,south ,side ,elev4#adiahig #ebgaddg #a #b;,,ge-#eg-;,b ,r4 ,r4 #gjaijb-jc #eejjjdg #c #b;,,ge-#gc-;,a ,yes #faaiad-ae #gjjjjdh #f #b;,,ge-#bdc ,chicago ,oak #hdaijf #fe-gjjjjdf #g #b;,,ge-#ee ,yes ,park ,elev4 ,r4 ,r4 ,n4 ,y4 ,municipal #ijjaiad-bj #ijfjjfg #j #b;,,ge-#bdh ,yes ,ry4 ,philadelphia #djaijf #gajjjdi #g #b;,,ge-#ff ,rapid ,tran4 ,co4 #djaijg #gfjjjdi #g #b;,,ge-#ff #afaijf #gbjjjdi #g #b;,,ge-#ff #daiji #gfjjjdi #g #b;,,ge-#ff ,no #feaiaa #gjejjdi #g #b;,,ge-#ff #ejaiac #gjjjjdi #g #b;,,ge-#bbb-;,f #ejaiba #hifjjee #b;,,ge-#bei #ejaibb #hifjjee #b;,,ge-#bei ,bulletin ,number #di is a reproduction of a #aibb ,general ,electric ,company pamphlet4 ,since that year many changes have been made in the systems described and new lines have been constructed in ,cleveland1 ,toronto and ,montreal4 ,another is under construction in the ,san ,francisco area4 ,additional copies are available at #a4ej each from the ,electric ,railway ,historical ,society1 ,box #ccje1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 #fjfed4