,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,! ,,am]ican ,,contribution ,,& ,,! ,,democratic ,,idea ,by ,w9/on ,*ur*ill ,i4 ,failure to recognize t ! ,am]ican1 is at he>t an ideali/ is to lack und]/&+ ( our national "*4 ,two ( our greate/ int]pret]s proclaim$ x1 ,em]son & ,william ,james4 ,9 a rec5t address at ! ,p>is ,sorbonne on 8,am]ican ,idealism10 ,m4 ,firm9 ,roz obs]v$ t a p is r>ely ju/ly e/imat$ by its contempor>ies4 ,! ,fr5*1 he says1 h be5 celebrat$ *iefly = ! skill ( _! *efs & _! vaudeville actors1 :ile 9 ! di/urb$ #8speculum mundi' ,am]icans h appe>$ z a collection ( money grabb]s ^: philosophy is ! doll>4 ,x rema9$ = ! w> to reveal ! true nature ( bo? peoples4 ,! ,am]ican coloni/s1 ,m4 ,roz cont9ues1 unlike o!r coloni/s1 7 animat$ n by mat]ial motives1 b by ! desire to safegu>d & realize an ideal2 our inh]5t *>act]i/ic today is a belief 9 ! virtue & p[] ( ideas1 ( a national1 inde$1 ( a univ]sal1 mission4 ,9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury we propos$ a ,philosophy & adopt$ a ,con/itution f> 9 advance ( ! political practice ( ! day1 & set up a gov]nm5t ( :i* ,europe pr$ict$ ! e>ly d[nfall4 ,nev]!less1 ?anks p>tly to good =tune1 & to ! f>see+ wisdom ( our e>ly /atesm5 :o p]ceiv$ t ! success ( our exp]im5t dep5d$ ^u ! ma9t5ance ( an isolation f ,european affairs1 we e/abli%$ democracy z a practical =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,we h n always liv$ up to our beliefs 9 ideas4 ,9 our deal+s ) o!r nations1 we yield$ (t5 to imp]iali/ic ambitions & ?us1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ju/ifi$ ! cynicism ( ,europe4 ,we took :at we want$--& m4 ,f ,spa9 we seiz$ we/]n ,florida2 ! annexation ( ,texas & ! subsequ5t w> ) ,mexico are acts ^u :i* we _c look back ) unmix$ democratic pride2 :ile m ?an once we pr(ess$ a naive will+ness to fight ,engl& 9 ord] to pu% our b\nd>ies fur!r nor?4 ,we reg>d$ ! ,monroe ,doctr9e z altrui/ic1 :ile o!rs smil$4 ,b x suit$ ,engl&1 & h] sea p[] gave x =ce4 ,our w> ) ,spa9 9 #ahih1 h[ev]1 0 f\ght = an idea1 &1 despite ! imp]iali/ic impulse t foll[$ x1 m>ks a transition1 an advance1 9 int]national e?ics4 ,imp]iali/ic cynics 7 n lack+ to sc(f at our prote/ation t we 7 fight+ ,spa9 9 ord] to lib]ate ,cuba2 & yet ?is1 = ! ,am]ican p at l>ge1 0 und\bt$ly ! inspiration ( ! w>4 ,we kept our promise1 we did n annex ,cuba1 we introduc$ into int]national affairs :at is kn[n z ! ,big ,bro!r idea4 ,!n came ! ,platt ,am5dm5t4 ,cuba 0 free1 b %e mu/ n wall[ ne> our %ores 9 an unhygi5ic /ate1 or borr[ money )\t our cons5t4 ,we acquir$ valuable naval bases4 ,moreov]1 ! sudd5 & unexpect$ acquisition ( ,porto ,rico & ! ,philipp9es made u imp]iali/s 9 spite ( ourselves4 ,nations z well z individuals1 h[ev]1 mu/ be judg$ by _! int5tions4 ,! s\nd public op9ion ( our p has und\bt$ly rema9$ 9 fav\r ( ultimate self-gov]nm5t = ! ,philipp9es1 & ! greate/ measure ( self-det]m9ation = little ,porto ,rico2 x has be5 unque/ionably oppos$ to comm]cial exploitation ( ! isl&s1 desir\s ( yield+ to ^! peoples ! fruits ( _! lab\r 9 develop+ ! res\rces ( _! own l&s4 ,an int5tion1 by ! way1 diametrically diff]5t f t ( ,g]many4 ,9 reg>d to our protectorate 9 ! isl& ( ,san ,dom+o1 our 8semi-protectorate0 9 ,nic>agua1 ! same argum5t ( int5tion may fairly be urg$4 ,g]many1 :o desir$ !m1 w\ld h exploit$ !m4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t1 no d\bt1 z a result ( ! mom5tum ( comm]cial imp]ialism1 we are /ill exploit+ !m4 ,b ! attitude ( ! majority ( ,am]icans t[>d m backw>d peoples is n cynical2 h5ce !re is hope t a democratic solution ( ! ,c>ibbean & ,c5tral ,am]ican problem may be f\nd4 ,& we are n ready1 z yet1 to accept )\t fur!r exp]im5t ! dogma t tropical & sub-tropical p w n ultimately be able to gov]n !mselves4 ,if ?is ev5tually1 prove to be ! case at lea/ "s su* exp]im5t z ! new ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty has propos$ = ! ,empire may be tri$4 ,our g5]al !ory t ! exploitation ( =eign peoples reacts unfav\rably on ! exploit]s is und\bt$ly s\nd4 ,nor are ! e?ics ( ! mann] ( our acquisition ( a "p ( ,panama & ! ,canal :olly def5sible f ! po9t ( view ( int]national democracy4 ,yet x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,presid5t ,roosevelt 0 deal+ ) a corrupt1 irresponsible1 & ho/ile gov]nm5t1 & t ! ,canal _h become a necessity n only = our own developm5t1 b = t ( ! civilization ( ! _w4 ,! ,spani% ,w>1 z has be5 said1 m>k$ a transition1 a developm5t ( ! ,am]ican ,idea4 ,9 ob$i5ce to a gr[+ p]ception t dom9ion & exploitation are incompatible ) & detrim5tal to our sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 we f\ght 9 good fai? to ga9 self-det]m9ation = an ali5 p4 ,! only real p]il confront+ democracy is ! arre/ ( gr[?4 ,its true conque/s are 9 ! realms ( ideas1 & h5ce x calls = a /atesman%ip :i*1 :ile n break+ ) ! pa/1 :ile tak+ into acc\nt ! inh]5t nature ( a p1 is able to deal creatively ) new situations--always "u ! guidance ( curr5t social sci5ce4 ,woodr[ ,wilson's ,mexican policy1 be+ a projection ( ! ,am]ican ,idea to =eign affairs1 a /ep t[>d int]national democracy1 m>ks ! beg9n+ ( a new era4 ,?\gh n :olly und]/ood1 ?\gh oppos$ by a p[]ful m9ority ( our citiz5s1 x /irr$ ! consci\sness ( a national mission to :i* our p are inv>iably ready to respond4 ,s9ce x 0 ess5tially exp]im5tal1 & !re=e n lack+ 9 mi/akes1 !re 0 ample opportunity = a criticism t seem$ at times extremely plausible4 ,! old & tri$ me?od ( deal+ ) su* an>*y z exi/$ across our s\!rn bord] 0 made to seem ! safe "o2 :ile ! new1 because x 0 untri$1 0 pres5t$ z disa/r\s4 ,9 reality1 ! rev]se 0 ! case4 ,mr4 ,wilson's oppon5ts 71 g5]ally speak+1 ! comm]cial classes 9 ! community1 ^: environm5t & tra9+ l$ !m to dem& a =eign policy simil> to t ( o!r great p[]s1 a f9ancial imp]ialism :i* is ! logical c\nt]p>t 9 =eign affairs ( ! comm]cial exploitation ( dome/ic national res\rces & dome/ic lab\r4 ,^! 7 ! classes :i* combat$ ! gr[? ( democracy at home1 9 national & /ate politics4 ,f _! po9t ( view--n t ( ! l>g] vision--!y 7 consi/5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! nation grasp$ ! fact t to h "o br& ( democracy at home & ano!r = deal+ ) =eign nations 0 n only illogical b1 9 ! long run1 w\ld be suicidal to ! ,republic4 ,& ! p at l>ge 7 committ$ to democratic progress at home4 ,!y 7 /ruggl+ = x4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important issues ( ! ,am]ican lib]al movem5t e>ly 9 ?is c5tury _h be5 t = ! cons]vation ( :at rema9s ( our natural res\rces ( coal & metals & oil & timb] & wat]p[] = ! b5efit ( all ! p1 on ! !ory t ^! are ! prop]ty ( ! p4 ,b if ! natural res\rces ( ?is c\ntry belong to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^? ( ,mexico belong to ! p ( ,mexico4 ,x makes no diff]5ce h[ 8lazy10 ignorant1 & indiff]5t to _! own int]e/s ! ,mexicans at pres5t may be4 ,& ev5 m important 9 ^! lib]al campaigns 0 ! issue ( ! cons]vation ( human res\rces--m5 & wom5 & *ildr5 :o are =c$ by necessity to lab\r4 ,^! mu/ be protect$ 9 heal?1 giv5 economic fre$om & a j rew>d = _! toil4 ,! ,am]ican democracy1 committ$ to ! pr9ciple ( ! cons]vation ( dome/ic natural & human res\rces1 c\ld n )\t detrim5t to itself p]si/ 9 a =eign policy t ignor$ !m4 ,= _m ye>s our own gov]nm5t _h p]mitt$ ! squ&]+ ( ^! res\rces by adv5tur\s capitali/s2 & gradually1 z we became a ri* indu/rial nation1 ^! capitali/s s\ght pr(itable inve/m5ts = _! increas+ surplus 9 =eign l&s4 ,_! mann] ( acquir+ 8concessions0 9 ,mexico 0 q simil> to t by :i* !y _h seiz$ because ( ! indiff]5ce & ignorance ( our own p--our own m9es & timb] l&s :i* our gov]nm5t held 9 tru/4 ,sometimes ^! ,am]ican 8concessions0 h be5 valid 9 law ?\gh ! law itself violat$ a democratic pr9ciple2 m (t5 corrupt (ficials w9k$ at violations ( ! law1 enabl+ capitali/s to absorb bogus claims4 ,! v>i\s rul]s ( ,mexico sold to ,am]ican & o!r =eign capitali/s ! res\rces belong+ to ! p ( _! c\ntry1 & pocket$1 ) _! foll[]s1 ! proce$s ( ! sale4 ,_! control ( ! c\ntry re/$ ^u =ce2 ! /ability ( ! ,diaz rule1 = in/ance1 dep5d$ ^u ! 8,presid5t's0 ability to ma9ta9 8 dictator%ip--a prec>i\s gu>antee to ! titles he _h giv54 ,h5ce ! premium on revolutions4 ,!re 0 always ! inc5tive to ! up/>t political & milit>y buccane] to ov]?r[ ! dictator & ga9 possession ( ! spoils1 to sell new d\btful concessions & levy new tribute on ! capitali/s hold+ claims f a =m] tyrant4 ,! =eign capitali/s appeal$ to _! gov]nm5ts2 comm]cial imp]ialism respond$ by dispat*+ milit>y =ces to protect ! lives & 8prop]ty0 ( its citiz5s1 9 "s in/ances go+ s f> z to take possession ( ! c\ntry4 ,a classic case1 z cit$ by ,hobson1 is ,brita9's ,s\? ,african ,w>1 9 :i* ! blood & treasure ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 7 exp5d$ because ,briti% capitali/s _h f\nd ! ,bo]s recalcitrant1 b5t on reta9+ _! own c\ntry = !mselves4 ,to be sure1 ,s\? ,africa1 l ,mexico is ri* 9 res\rces = :i* advanc+ civilization cont9ually makes dem&s4 ,&1 9 ! case ( ,mexico1 ! products ( ! tropics1 su* z rubb]1 are increas+ly necess>y to ! indu/rial p[]s ( ! temp]ate zone4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! exploit+ nation aspire to self-gov]nm5t1 ! imp]iali/ic me?od ( obta9+ ^! products by ! selfi% exploitation ( ! natural & human res\rces ( ! backw>d c\ntries reacts s p[]fully on ! gr[? ( democracy at home--& h5ce on ! gr[? ( democracy ?r\gh\t ! _w--z to ?reat5 ! v future ( civilization4 ,! ,briti% ,lib]als1 :5 !y came into p[]1 p]ceiv$ ?is1 & at once did _! be/ to make am5ds to ,s\? ,africa by grant+ h] autonomy & virtual indep5d5ce1 l9k+ h] to ,brita9 by ! silk5 ?read ( ,anglo-,saxon democratic culture4 ,h[ /rong ?is ?read has prov$ is %[n by ! action ( ^? ( ,dut* blood 9 ! ,dom9ion dur+ ! pres5t w>4 ,ev5tually1 if democracy is n to p]i% f ! face ( ! e>?1 "s o!r ?an ! crude imp]iali/ic me?od ( deal+ ) backw>d peoples1 ( obta9+ = civilization ! ne$$ res\rces ( _! l&s1 mu/ be inaugurat$--a democratic me?od4 ,& ?is is p]haps ! supreme problem ( democracy today4 ,x dem&s = its solution a complete rev]sal ( ! e/abli%$ policy ( imp]ialism1 a new !ory ( int]national relation%ips1 a mutual helpfulness & p>tn]%ip betwe5 nations1 ev5 z democracy implies coop]ation betwe5 individual citiz5s4 ,!re=e ,presid5t ,wilson laid d[n ! doctr9e t ,am]ican citiz5s ent] ,mexico at _! own risk2 t !y mu/ n expect t ,am]ican blood w be %$ or ! nation's money be exp5d$ to protect _! lives or ! 8prop]ty0 !y h acquir$ f ,mexican dictators4 ,?is applies also to ! small capitali/s1 ! own]s ( ! c(fee plantations1 z well z to ^? ,am]icans 9 ,mexico :o are n capitali/s b wage e>n]s4 ,! p ( ,mexico are entitl$ to try ! exp]im5t ( self-det]m9ation4 ,x is an exp]im5t1 we frankly ackn[l$ge t fact1 a democratic exp]im5t dep5d5t on physical sci5ce1 social sci5ce1 & sci5tific education4 ,! o!r horn ( ! dilemma1 our p]si/5ce 9 imp]ialism1 is ev5 worse--s9ce by su* p]si/5ce we de/roy ourselves4 ,a subjective judgm5t1 9 accordance ) our own democratic /&>ds1 by ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t z to ! me?ods employ$ by a ,hu]ta1 = in/ance1 is inde$ dem&$2 n on ! gr\nd1 h[ev]1 t su* me?ods are 8good0 or 8bad02 b :e!r !y are detrim5tal to ,mexican self-det]m9ation1 & h5ce to ! progress ( our own democracy4 ,,ii4 ,if ,am]ica _h />t$ to prep>e :5 ,belgium 0 invad$1 _h ent]$ ! w> :5 ! ,lusitania 0 sunk1 ,g]many might by n[ h be5 defeat$1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( lives might h be5 sp>$4 ,all ?is may be admitt$4 ,yet1 look+ backw>d1 x is easy to read ! reason = our hesitancy 9 our national "* & traditions4 ,we 7 pacifi/s1 yes1 b pacifi/s ( a peculi> k9d4 ,"o ( our greate/ ,am]ican prophets1 ,william ,james1 knew t !re 0 an issue = :i* we 7 ready to fight1 = :i* we 7 will+ to make ! extreme sacrifice1--& t issue he def9$ z 8w> aga9/ w>40 ,x rema9$ = ,am]ica to make ! issue4 ,peoples d n ru% to arms unless _! national exi/5ce is ?reat5$4 ,x is :at may be call$ ! environm5tal cause t drives nations quickly into w>4 ,x drove ! ,ent5te nations into w>1 ?\gh incid5tally !y 7 /ruggl+ = c]ta9 democratic in/itutions1 = int]national ju/ice4 ,b 9 ! case ( ,am]ica1 ! environm5tal cause 0 abs5t4 ,:e!r or n our national exi/5ce 0 or is actually ?reat5$1 ! av]age ,am]ican does n believe t x is4 ,he 0 call$ ^u to ab&on 8 tradition1 to m+le 9 a ,european conflict1 to fight = an idea alone4 ,ideas require "t to develop1 to seize ! imag9ation ( masses4 ,& x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 #aiad ! great issue _h n be5 def9$4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 n[ t x is def9$1 x proves to be an ,am]ican issue--a logical & positive projection ( our ,wa%+tonian tradition & ,monroe doctr9e4 ,^! _h = _! object ! pres]vation & developm5t ( democracy1 ! bani%m5t f ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e ( ,european imp]iali/ic conflict & w>4 ,we are n[1 ) ! help ( our allies1 /riv+ to bani% ^! ?+s f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,x is und\bt$ly ! greate/ idea = :i* man has be5 summon$ to make ! supreme sacrifice4 ,its evolution has be5 trac$4 ,democracy 0 ! issue 9 ! ,spani% ,w>1 :5 we f\ght a weak nation4 ,we h foll[$ its broad] application to ,mexico1 :5 we 7 will+ to ignore ! taunts & insults ( ano!r weak nation1 ev5 ! loss ( 8pre/ige10 = ! sake ( ! l>g] good4 ,& we h n[ ! clue to ! ,presid5t's int]pretation ( ! nation's m9d dur+ ! fir/ ?ree ye>s ( ! pres5t w>4 ,we 7 will+ to be> ! taunts & insults ( ,g]many s long z x appe>$ t a future _w peace night be/ be br\ght ab\t by ! pres]vation ( neutrality1 by turn+ ! weight ( ! imp>tial public op9ion ( our democracy & t ( o!r neutrals aga9/ milit>ism & imp]ialism4 ,our national aim 0 ev] consi/5t ) ! ideal ( ,william ,james1 to advance democracy & put an end to ! evil ( w>4 ,! only suffici5t reason = ! ab&onm5t ( ! ,wa%+tonian policy is ! fur!rance ( ! object = :i* x 0 inaugurat$1 ! advance ( democracy4 ,& we _h e/abli%$ ! prec$5t1 ) ,spa9 & ,mexico1 t ! ,republic %all engage 9 no w> ( imp]iali/ic conque/4 ,we w> only 9 behalf (1 or 9 def5ce (1 democracy4 ,be=e ! entrance ( ,am]ica1 h[ev]1 ! issues ( ! ,european ,w> 7 by no means cle> cut along democratic l9es4 ,:at k9d ( democracy 7 ! allies fight+ =8 ,n[h]e & at no "t _h x be5 def9$ by any ( _! /atesm54 ,on ! contr>y1 ! v>i\s alli$ gov]nm5ts _h ent]$ into compacts = ! transf]5ce ( t]ritory 9 ! ev5t ( victory2 & _h ev51 by ! (f] ( rew>ds1 s\ght to play "o small nation aga9/ ano!r4 ,?is secret diplomacy ( b>ga9s1 ( c\rse1 0 a ,european h]itage1 ! result ( an imp]iali/ic environm5t :i* ! ,am]ican did n und]/&1 & f :i* he 0 happily free4 ,its effect on ,france is peculi>ly enlight5+4 ,! ho/ility ( ,european gov]nm5ts1 due to _! fe> ( h] republican in/itutions1 ret>d$ h] democratic gr[?1 & h] hi/ory dur+ ! reign ( ,napoleon ,,iii is "o ( intrigue = aggr&izem5t diff]+ f ,bism>ck's only 9 ! fact t x 0 unsuccessful4 ,brita91 because %e 0 sep>at$ f ! cont95t & protect$ by h] fleet1 virtually )drew f ,european affairs 9 ! latt] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 &1 z a result1 made great /rides 9 democracy4 ,! aggressions ( ,g]many =c$ ,brita9 9 self-def5ce into coalitions4 ,because ( h] p[] & weal? %e became ! ,ent5te lead]1 yet h] lib]al gov]nm5t 0 compell$ to ent] into secret agreem5ts ) c]ta9 alli$ gov]nm5ts 9 ord] to satisfy :at !y deem$ to be _! ne$s & j ambitions4 ,%e _h hone/ly s\ght1 be=e ! w>1 to come to t]ms ) ,g]many1 & _h ev5 propos$ gradual dis>mam5t4 ,b1 despite ! be/ int5tions1 circum/ances & environm5t1 z well z ! prec>i\s situation ( h] empire1 prev5t$ h] f lib]aliz+ h] =eign relations to con=m ) ! gr[? ( democracy )9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom & ! ,dom9ions4 ,am]icans felt a pr(\nd pity = ,belgium4 ,b %e 0 n1 z ,cuba _h be51 our affair4 ,! great majority ( our citiz5s sympa?iz$ ) ! ,ent5te1 reg>d$ ) amazem5t & disgu/ ! sudd5 disclosure ( ! true "* ( ! ,g]man milit>i/ic gov]nm5t4 ,yet = ! av]age ,am]ican ! w> wore ! complexion ( o!r ,european conflicts1 0 "o involv+ a ,balance ( ,p[]1 my/]i\s & inexplicable4 ,to him ! und]ly+ issue 0 n democratic1 b imp]iali/ic2 & ?is 0 p>tly because he 0 unable to make a m5tal connection betwe5 a ,european w> & ! br& ( democracy he recogniz$4 ,prea*+ & propag&a fail unless x c be br\ght home to a p t some?+ de> to _! inn]mo/ nature is at /ake1 t ! fate ( ! ?+ !y mo/ desire1 & are will+ to make sacrifices =1 hangs 9 ! balance4 ,dur+ a decade ! old political p>ties1 betwe5 :i* !re 0 n[ little m ?an an artificial alignm5t1 _h be5 break+ up4 ,am]icans 7 absorb$ 9 ! great lib]al movem5t begun "u ! lead]%ip ( ,presid5t ,roosevelt1 ! result ( :i* 0 to trans=m democracy f a /atic to a pragmatic & evolution>y conception1--9 ord] to meet & correct new & un=ese5 evils4 ,political fre$om 0 se5 to be ( little wor? unless also accompani$ by ! economic fre$om ! nation _h enjoy$ be=e ! adv5t ( indu/rialism4 ,cl]ks & f>m]s1 pr(essional m5 & %opkeep]s & artisans 7 ready to foll[ ! lib]al lead]s 9 /ates & nation2 intellectual elem5ts f colleges & univ]sities 7 enli/$4 ,p>allel+ ! movem5t1 at times m+l+ ) x1 0 ! revolt ( lab\r1 manife/$ n only 9 political action1 b 9 /rikes & viol5ce4 ,readily accessible books & magaz9es toge!r ) club & =um lectures 9 cities1 t[ns1 & villages 7 rapidly educat+ ! population 9 social sci5ce1 & ! result 0 a gr[+ indep5d5t vote to make politicians despair4 ,"h 0 an in/ance ( a democratic culture gr[+ 9 isolation1 res5tful ( all ext]nal int]f]5ce4 ,to millions ( ,am]icans--especially 9 our middle we/]n & we/]n /ates--b5t ^u social re=ms1 ! ,european ,w> appe>$ z an arre/+ influ5ce4 ,am]ican p>ticipation meant ! triumph ( ! =ces ( reaction4 ,col\r 0 l5t to ?is belief because ! cons]vative elem5t :i* _h oppos$ social re=ms 0 l\de/ 9 its dem& = int]v5tion4 ,! weal?y & travell$ classes organiz$ prep>$ness p>ades & di/ribut$ propag&a4 ,9 %ort1 ^? :o _h app>5tly done _! utmo/ to oppose democracy at home 7 mo/ insi/5t t we %\ld emb>k ^u a w> = democracy across ! seas4 ,aga91 :at k9d ( democracy8 ,obvi\sly a /atus quo1 comm]cially imp]iali/ic democracy1 :i* ! awak5+ lib]al 0 b5t ^u aboli%+4 ,!re is und\bt$ly 9 su* an (fice z ! ,am]ican presid5cy "s virtue :i*1 9 times ( crisis1 inspires 9 capable m5 an intellectual & moral gr[? proportional to develop+ ev5ts4 ,l9coln1 our mo/ /rik+ example1 grew m betwe5 #ahfa & #ahfe ?an dur+ all ! e>li] ye>s ( 8 life4 ,nor is ! gr[? ( democratic lead]s1 :5 se5 ?r\gh ! di/ort$ passions ( _! day1 app>5tly a consi/5t ?+4 ,greatness1 ne> at h&1 is />tl+ly l inconsi/5cy2 x seems at mom5ts to vacillate1 to turn back ^u & d5y itself1 & ?us lays itself op5 to seem+ly plausible criticism by politicians & "t s]v]s & all :o cry out = prec$5t4 ,yet x is an int]e/+ & enc\rag+ fact t ! fai? ( democratic peoples goes out1 & goes out alone1 to lead]s :o--:atev] _! m9or faults & fail+s--d n fe> to rev]se !mselves :5 occasion dem&s2 to enunciate new doctr9es1 seem+ly 9 contradiction to =m] ass]tions1 to meet new crises4 ,:5 a democratic lead] :o has giv5 evid5ce ( greatness ceases to develop new ideas1 he loses ! public confid5ce4 ,he flops back into ! ranks ( ! cons]vative he =m]ly oppos$1 :o cat* up ) him only :5 he ceases to gr[4 ,9 #aiaf ! majority ( ! ,am]ican p elect$ ,mr4 ,wilson 9 ! belief t he w\ld keep !m out ( w>4 ,9 #aiag he ent]$ ! w> ) ! nation beh9d him4 ,a recalcitrant ,middle ,we/ 0 ! fir/ to fill its quota ( volunte]s1 & we witness$ ! extraord9>y spectacle ( ! endorsem5t ( conscription3 ,:at _h happ5$8 ,a v simple1 b a v great ?+ ,mr4 ,wilson _h made ! issue ( ! w> a democratic issue1 an ,am]ican issue1 9 h>mony ) our national hopes & traditions4 ,b :y c\ld n ?is issue h be5 ann\nc$ 9 #aiad or #aiae8 ,! answ] seems to be t peoples1 z well z _! lead]s & int]pret]s1 mu/ gr[ to meet critical situations4 ,9 #ahfa ! moral idea ( ! ,civil ,w> 0 obscur$ & hidd5 by economic & mat]ial int]e/s4 ,! ,abraham ,l9coln :o ent]$ ! ,:ite ,h\se 9 #ahfa 0 inde$ ! same man :o sign$ ! ,emancipation ,proclamation 9 #ahfc2 & yet1 9 a s5se1 he 0 n ! same man2 ev5ts & responsibilities _h effect$ a pr(\nd b logical gr[? 9 8 p]sonality4 ,& ! p ( ! ,union 7 n ready to endorse ,emancipation 9 #ahfa4 ,9 #ahfc1 9 ! d>ke/ h\r ( ! w>1 ! _s ( ! ,nor? respond$ to ! call1 &1 despite ! vilification ( ! ,presid5t1 0 true to him to victory4 ,m significant /ill1 9 view ( ! ev5ts ( today1 is :at !n occurr$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t 0 unfri5dly2 ! ,briti% p z a :ole _h look$ ^u our ,civil ,w> v mu* 9 ! same light z ! ,am]ican p reg>d$ ! pres5t w> at its inception--:i* is to say t ! economic & mat]iali/ic issue seem$ to ov]%ad[ ! moral "o4 ,:5 ,abraham ,l9coln proclaim$ x to be a w> = human fre$om1 ! s5tim5t ( ! ,briti% p *ang$--( ! ,briti% p z di/9ct f ! gov]n+ classes2 & ! textile work]s ( ! nor!rn c\nties1 ^: mills c\ld n get cotton on acc\nt ( ! blockade1 decl>$ _! will+ness to suff] & />ve if ! slaves 9 ,am]ica might be fre$4 ,abraham ,l9coln at t "t repres5t$ ! ,am]ican p z ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t did n repres5t ! ,briti% p4 ,we are conc]n$ today ) peoples r ?an gov]nm5ts4 ,x rema9$ = an ,am]ican ,presid5t to ann\nce ! moral issue ( ! pres5t w>1 & ?us to solidify beh9d him1 n only ! lib]al m9d ( ,am]ica1 b ! lib]al elem5ts )9 ! nations ( ,europe4 ,he became ! democratic lead] ( ! _w4 ,! issue1 simply /at$1 is ! advancem5t ( democracy & peace4 ,!y are insep>able4 ,democracy1 = progress1 dem&s peace4 ,x _h rea*$ a /age1 :51 9 a contract+ _w1 x c\ld no long] advance ?r\gh isolation3 its v exi/5ce 9 e c\ntry 0 ?reat5$1 n only by ! p>tisans ( reaction f )91 b by ! m5ace f )\t ( a milit>i/ic & imp]iali/ic nation det]m9$ to cru% x1 re/ore sup]impos$ au?ority1 & dom9ate ! globe4 ,democracy1 divid$ aga9/ itself1 _c /&4 ,a league ( democratic nations1 ( democratic peoples1 has become imp]ative4 ,h]eaft]1 if democracy w9s1 self-det]m9ation1 & n imp]iali/ic exploitation1 is to be ! univ]sal rule4 ,x is ! ext5sion1 on a _w scale1 ( ,mr4 ,wilson's ,mexican policy1 ! application ( democratic pr9ciples to int]national relation%ips1 & m>ks ! inauguration ( a new era4 ,we resort to =ce aga9/ =ce1 n = dom9ion1 b to make ! _w safe = ! idea on :i* we believe ! future ( civilization dep5ds1 ! sacr$ "r ( self-gov]nm5t4 ,we /& prep>$ to treat ) ! ,g]man p :5 !y are ready to ca/ (f autocracy & milit>ism4 ,our attitude t[>d !m is precisely our attitude t[>d ! ,mexican ,p4 ,we believe1 & ) good reason1 t ! ,g]man sy/em ( education is au?oritative & false1 & 0 m or less delib]ately conceiv$ 9 ord] to w>p ! nature & produce complexes 9 ! m9d ( ! ,g]man p = ! end ( pres]v+ & p]petuat+ ! p[] ( ! ,junk]s4 ,we h no qu>rel ) ! dup$ & oppress$1 b we w> aga9/ ! ag5ts ( oppression4 ,to ! cons]vative m9d su* an aspiration appe>s *im]ical4 ,b ,am]ica1 y\nge/ ( ! nations1 0 born :5 mod]n sci5ce 0 ga!r+ ! mom5tum :i* s9ce has enabl$ x to ov]come1 ) a bewild]+ rapidity1 _m evils previ\sly held by sup]/ition to be in]adicable4 ,z a coroll>y to our democratic cre$1 we accept$ ! dictum t to human intellig5ce all ?+s are possible4 ,! virtue ( ?is dictum lies n 9 dogma1 b 9 an indomitable attitude ( m9d to :i* ! _w owes its e advance 9 civilization2 quixotic1 p]haps1 b necess>y to great accompli%m5t4 ,9 se>*+ = a pres5t-day protagoni/1 no happi] example c\ld be f\nd ?an ,mr4 ,h5ry ,=d1 :o exhibits ! *>act]i/ic ,am]ican mixture ( ! practical & ! ideal4 ,he introduces into indu/ry humanit>ian practices t ev5 t5d to increase ! va/ =tune :i* by 8 own ef=ts he has accumulat$4 ,he sees t democratic peoples d n desire to g to w>1 he does n believe t w> is necess>y & inevitable1 he lays himself op5 to ridicule by f9anc+ a ,peace ,mission4 ,circum/ances =ce him to ab&on 8 project1 b he is n = "o mom5t disc\rag$4 ,8 int5tion rema9s4 ,he ?r[s all 8 en]gy & weal? into a w> to end w>1 & ! value ( 8 contribution is ine/imable4 ,a /udy ( ,mr4 ,=d's m5tal processes & acts illu/rates ! true m9d ( ,am]ica4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aiaf ,mr4 ,wilson decl>$ t 8! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates want to be sure :at !y are fight+ ab\t1 & !y want to be sure t !y are fight+ = ! ?+s t w br+ ! _w ju/ice & peace4 ,def9e ! elem5ts2 let u "k t we are n fight+ = ! preval5ce ( ?is nation ov] t1 = ! ambitions ( ?is gr\p ( nations z comp>$ ) ! ambitions ( t gr\p ( nations1 let u once be conv9c$ t we are call$ 9 to a great comb9ation = ! rights ( mank9d1 & ,am]ica w unite h] =ce & spill h] blood = ! great ?+s %e has always believ$ 9 & foll[$40 8,am]ica is always ready to fight = ! ?+s :i* are ,am]ican40 ,ev5 9 ^! sombre days t m>k ! anniv]s>y ( our entrance into ! w>4 ,b let x be rememb]$ t x 0 9 ! d>ke/ days ( ! ,civil ,w> ,abraham ,l9coln boldly proclaim$ ! democratic1 ideali/ic issue ( t /ruggle4 ,! ,russian ,revolution1 :i* we mu/ seek to und]/& & n condemn1 ! ,alli$ defeats t are its consequ5ces1 c only make our purpose ! firm] to put =? all our /r5g? = ! build+ up ( a bett] _w4 ,! ,presid5t's ma/]ly s]ies ( /ate pap]s1 di/ribut$ 9 all p>ts ( ! globe1 h inde$ be5 s _m ,proclamations ( ,emancipation = ! _w's oppress$4 ,n only p[]ful nations %all cease to exploit little nations1 b p[]ful individuals %all cease to exploit _! fell[ m54 ,h5ce=? no w>s = dom9ion %all be wag$1 & to ?is end secret treaties %all be aboli%$4 ,peoples ?r\gh _! repres5tatives %all make _! own treaties4 ,& j z democracy insures to ! individual ! greate/ am\nt ( self-det]m9ation1 nations also %all h self-det]m9ation1 9 ord] t ea* %all be free to make its _w contribution4 ,all citiz5s h duties to p]=m t[>d _! fell[ citiz5s2 all democratic nations mu/ be int]dep5d5t4 ,) ?is purpose ,am]ica has ent]$ ! w>4 ,b x implies t our own h\sehold mu/ be swept & clean$4 ,! inju/ices & inequalities exi/+ 9 our own c\ntry1 ! false /&>ds ( wor?1 ! mat]ialism1 ! luxury & wa/e mu/ be purg$ f our mid/4 ,,iii4 ,9 fight+ ,g]many we are inde$ fight+ an evil ,w--evil because x seeks to cru% ! gr[? ( individual & national fre$om4 ,its object is to put ! _w back "u ! ?rall ( self-con/itut$ au?ority4 ,s long z ?is ,w c compel ! bodies ( soldi]s to d its bidd+1 ^! bodies mu/ be de/roy$4 ,until ! ,w beh9d !m is brok51 ! _w _c be free4 ,junk]ism is ! f9al expression ( reaction1 organiz$ to ! highe/ effici5cy4 ,! w> aga9/ ! ,junk]s m>ks ! consummation ( a long /ruggle = human lib]ty 9 all l&s1 symbolizes ! real cleavage divid+ ! _w4 ,z 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution & ! w>s t foll[$ x1 ! true significance ( ?is w> is social4 ,b today ! ,russian ,revolution s\nds ! keynote4 ,revolutions t5d to express ! extremes ( ! philosophies ( _! times--human desires1 discont5ts1 & passions t _c be organiz$4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution 0 a /ruggle = political fre$om2 ! und]ly+ issue ( ! pres5t w> is economic fre$om--)\t :i* political fre$om is ( no acc\nt4 ,x w n1 !re=e1 suffice m]ely to cru% ! ,junk]s1 & ) !m milit>ism & autocracy4 ,unless1 z ! fruit ( ?is appall+ blood%$ & suff]+1 ! democracies a*ieve economic fre$om1 ! w> w h be5 f\ght 9 va94 ,m revolutions1 wa/age & blood%$ w foll[1 ! _w w be r$uc$ to absolute *aos unless1 9 ! m advanc$ democracies1 an intellig5t social ord] t5d+ to remove ! causes ( inju/ice & discont5t c be devis$ & ready = inauguration4 ,?is new social ord] dep5ds1 9 turn1 ^u a _w ord] ( mutually helpful1 free peoples1 a league ( ,nations4--,if ! _w is to be made safe = democracy1 ?is democratic plan mu/ be ready = ! day :5 ! ,g]man ,junk] is beat5 & peace is decl>$4 ,! real issue ( our "t is indu/rial democracy we mu/ face t fact4 ,& ^? 9 ,am]ica & ! ,ent5te nations :o cont9ue to oppose x w d s at _! p]il4 ,=tunately1 z w be %[n1 t elem5t ( our population :i* may be designat$ z dome/ic ,junk]s is capable ( be+ influ5c$ by contempor>y curr5ts ( ?\ght1 is awak5+ to ! realization ( social conditions deplorable & dang]\s4 ,prosp]ity & p[] _h made !m bl9d & arrogant4 ,_! en?usiasm = ! w> 01 h[ev]1 g5u9e2 ! sacrifices !y are mak+ are *ang+ & s(t5+ !m2 b z yet !y c sc>cely be expect$1 z a class1 to rejoice ov] ! revelation--j beg9n+ to dawn ^u _! m9ds--t victory = ! ,allies spells ! end ( privilege4 ,_! conception ( democracy rema9s ar*aic1 :ile weal? is inh]5tly cons]vative4 ,^? :o possess x 9 ,am]ica h z a rule receiv$ an education 9 t]ms ( an obsolete economics1 ( ! ?\ght ( an age gone by4 ,x is only )9 ! pa/ few ye>s t our colleges & univ]sities h begun to tea* mod]n economics1 social sci5ce & psy*ology--& ?is 9 ! face ( opposition f tru/ees4 ,successful bus9ess m51 z a rule1 h _h nei!r ! "t nor ! incl9ation to read books :i* !y reg>d z vision>y1 z subv]sive to an ord] by :i* !y h pr(it$4 ,& t "s ,am]icans are fools1 & h be5 dazzl$ 9 ,europe by ! glam\r ( a privilege n atta9able at home1 is a deplorable yet indubitable fact4 ,^! h little sympa?y ) democracy2 !y h ev5 be5 he>d to decl>e t we h no "r to dictate to ano!r nation1 ev5 an enemy nation1 :at =m ( gov]nm5t x %all assume4 ,we h no "r to dem&1 :5 peace comes1 t ! negotiations mu/ be ) ! repres5tatives ( ! ,g]man p4 ,^! are !y :o deplore ! abs5ce among u ( a tradition ( mon>*y1 s9ce ! ,am]ican p 8%\ld h some?+ to look up to40 ,b ?is /ate ( m9d1 :i* ne$s no comm5t1 is comp>atively r>e1 & repres5ts an extreme4 ,we are n lack+1 h[ev]1 9 ! type ( cons]vative :o1 innoc5t ( a k ( psy*ology1 insi/s t 8human nature _c be *ang$10 & t ! 8survival ( ! fitte/0 is ! law ( life1 yet ^! w\ld d5y ,d>w9 if he 7 a contempor>y4 ,!y reject ! idea t society c be organiz$ by intellig5ce1 & w> end$ by elim9at+ its causes f ! social ord]4 ,on ! contr>y !y cl+ to ! or?odox cont5tion t w> is a necess>y & salut>y ?+1 & proclaim t ! ,am]ican fibre 0 gr[+ weak & flabby f luxury & peace1 curi\sly ignor+ ! fact t _! own economic class1 ! small p]c5tage ( our population own+ sixty p] c5t4 ( ! weal? ( ! c\ntry1 & :i* !re=e %\ld be mo/ debilitat$ by luxury1 0 mo/ eag] = w>1 & s9ce w> has be5 decl>$ has mo/ amply prov$ its c\rage & fight+ quality4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 & o!r evid5ces ( ! patriotic sacrifices ( ^? ( our c\ntrym5 :o possess weal?1 prove t !y are /ill ,am]icans1 & enc\rages ! hope & belief t z ,am]icans !y ultimately w d _! %>e t[>d a democratic solution ( ! problem ( society4 ,_m ( !m are capable ( vision1 & are beg9n+ to see ! light today4 ,9 ,am]ica we succe$$ 9 elim9at+ h]$it>y p[]1 9 obta9+ a l>ge measure ( political lib]ty1 only to see ! rise ( an economic p[]1 & ! consequ5t loss ( economic lib]ty4 ,! indu/rial developm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ( c\rse a necess>y & desirable ?+1 b ! economic doctr9e :i* =m$ ! basis ( ,am]ican in/itutions prov$ to be unsuit$ to indu/rialism1 & introduc$ un=ese5 evils t 7 a s]i\s m5ace to ! ,republic4 ,an individuali/ic economic philosophy work$ admirably :ile !re 0 ample l& = ! pione]1 equality ( opportunity to satisfy ! individual initiative ( ! ent]pris+4 ,b :at is kn[n z indu/rialism br\ght 9 its tra9 fe> & fav\r1 privilege & pov]ty1 slums1 disease1 & municipal vice1 fo/]$ a too rapid immigration1 e/abli%$ 9 ,am]ica a t5ant sy/em ali5 to our traditions4 ,! conditions :i* exi/$ be=e ! adv5t ( indu/rialism are admirably pictur$1 = in/ance1 9 ! autobiography ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,francis ,adams1 :5 he describes 8 native t[n ( ,qu9cy 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,9 ^? e>ly communities1 pov]ty 0 negligible1 !re 0 no great contra/ betwe5 ri* & poor2 ! artisan1 ! f>m]1 ! well-to-d m]*ant met on t]ms ( mutual self-respect1 z man to man2 economic class consci\sness 0 non-exi/5t2 education 0 s widespread t ,european travell]s wond]+ly comm5t$ on ! fact t we _h no 8peasantry02 & ) few exceptions e citiz5 own$ a piece ( l& & a home4 ,prop]ty1 a refuge a man may call 8 own1 & on :i* he may express 8 individuality1 is ess5tial to happ9ess & self-respect4 ,today1 less ?an two ?irds ( our f>m]s own _! l&1 :ile va/ numb]s ( our work+ m5 & wom5 possess no?+ b ! lab\r ( _! h&s4 ,! designation ( lab\r z 8prop]ty0 by our c\rts only s]v$ to tight5 ! bonds1 by ob/ruct+ = a "t ! movem5t to decrease ! t$i\s & debilitat+ h\rs ( contact ( ! human organism ) ! ma*9e1--a m5ace to ! future ( ! race1 especially 9 ! case ( wom5 & *ildr54 ,if lab\r is 8prop]ty10 wret*es driv5 by economic necessity h inde$ only ! *oice ( a *ange ( ma/]s4 ,9 addition to ! manual work]s1 an army ( cl]ical work]s ( bo? sexes likewise became t5ants1 & dep5d5ts :o knew n ! satisfaction ( a real home4 ,su* conditions gradually br\ght ab\t a pr(\nd discont5t1 a gr\p+ ( classes4 ,among ! comp>atively prosp]\s !re 0 set up a social competition 9 luxury t 0 ! bane ( l>ge & small communities4 ,skill$ lab\r b&$ itself into unions1 employ]s organiz$ to oppose !m1 & ! result 0 a class conflict nev] contemplat$ by ! f\nd]s ( ! ,republic1 repugnant to democracy :i* by its v nature dep5ds = its exi/5ce on ! elim9ation ( classes4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ow+ to ! unprec$5t$ immigration ( ignorant ,europeans to supply ! lab\r dem&1 we acquir$ a s9i/] prolet>iat ( unskill$ economic slaves4 ,be=e ! w> lab\r discov]$ its /r5g?2 s9ce ! w> began1 especially 9 ! alli$ nations ) quasi-democratic in/itutions1 x is aw>e ( its p[] to ex]t a lev]age capable ( p>alyz+ indu/ry = a p]iod suffici5t to de/roy ! *ances ( victory4 ,! probability ( ! occurr5ce ( su* a calamity dep5ds :olly on :e!r or n ! workman c be conv9c$ t x is 8 w>1 = he w n ex]t himself to p]petuate a social ord] 9 :i* he has lo/ fai?1 ev5 ?\gh he n[ obta9s a consid]able increase 9 wages4 ,agreem5ts ent]$ into ) ! gov]nm5t by union lead]s w n hold him if at any "t he fails to be satisfi$ t ! pres5t _w conflict w n result 9 a great] social ju/ice4 ,?is fact has be5 demon/rat$ by :at is kn[n z ! 8%op /ew>d0 movem5t 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! work]s repudiat$ ! lead]s' agreem5ts & ev]y:]e organiz$ local /rikes4 ,& 9 ,am]ica1 ! unskill$ work]s are l>gely outside ( ! unions4 ,! workman has a natural & laudable desire to %>e m fully 9 ! good ?+s ( life4 ,& x is com+ to be recogniz$ t mat]ial prosp]ity1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 is ! f\ndation ( m5tal & spiritual welf>e3 clean & com=table surr\nd+s1 beauty1 rational amusem5ts1 opportunity = a rational satisfaction ( ! human in/9cts are ess5tial to cont5tm5t & progress4 ,! individual1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be enlight5$2 & local lab\r unions1 recogniz+ ?is1 are sp5d+ consid]able sums all ov] ! c\ntry on s*ools to educate _! memb]s4 ,if a workman is a pr(ite]1 he is m to be excus$ ?an ! bus9ess pr(ite]1 aga9/ :om 8 ang] is direct$2 if he is a sp5d?rift1 prodigality is a natural consequ5ce ( rapid acquisition4 ,we h be5 a nation ( sp5d?rifts4 ,a failure to grasp ! psy*ology ( ! work] involves disa/r\s consequ5ces4 ,a discussion z to :e!r or n 8 attitude is unpatriotic & selfi% is futile4 ,no m pr(\nd mi/ake c\ld be made ?an to attribute to any elem5t ( ! population motives :olly base4 ,human nature is nei!r all black nor all :ite1 yet is capable ( supreme sacrifices :5 adequately appeal$ to4 ,:at we mu/ get into our m9ds is ! fact t a social ord] t insur$ a l>ge measure ( democracy 9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,republic is inadequate to meet mod]n indu/rial conditions4 ,high] wages1 mat]ial prosp]ity alone w n suffice to satisfy aspirations = a full] self-realization1 once ! me?od by :i* ^! aspirations c be ga9$ is glimps$4 ,= x _c be too (t5 repeat$ t ! unqu5*able conflicts are ^? wag$ = ideas & n doll>s4 ,^! are t+$ ) religi\s emotion4 ,,iv4 ,mr4 ,wilson's messages to ! ,am]ican p & to ! _w h proclaim$ a new int]national ord]1 a ,league ( ,democracies4 ,& 9 a rec5t lett] to ,new ,j]sey ,democrats we f9d him w>n+ 8 p>ty1 or m prop]ly ! nation1 ( ! dome/ic social *anges necess>ily fl[+ f 8 int]national program4 ,:ile rightly resolv$ to prosecute ! w> on ! battle l9es to ! utmo/ limit ( ,am]ican res\rces1 he po9ts out t ! true significance ( ! conflict lies 9 8revolution>y *ange40 8,economic & social =ces10 he says1 8are be+ releas$ ^u ! _w1 ^: effect no political se] d>e to conjecture40 ,& we 8mu/ se>* our he>ts ?r\gh & ?r\gh & make !m ready = ! bir? ( a new day--a day we hope & believe ( great] opportunity & great] prosp]ity = ! av]age mass ( /ruggl+ m5 & wom540 ,he recognizes t ! next great /ep 9 ! developm5t ( democracy :i* ! w> mu/ br+ ab\t--is ! emancipation ( lab\r2 to use 8 own phrase1 ! r$emption ( masses ( m5 & wom5 f 8economic s]fdom40 8,! old p>ty slogans10 he decl>es1 8w mean no?+ to ! future40 ,judg+ f ?is ann\ncem5t1 ! ,presid5t seems prep>$ to condemn boldly all ! rott5 timb]s ( ! social /ructure t h outliv$ _! usefulness--a position t hi!rto no responsible politician has d>$ to take4 ,politicians1 on ! contr>y1 h rev]$ ! dead wood1 h s\ght to %ore ! old timb]s = _! own purposes4 ,b s f> z any p>ty is conc]n$1 ,mr4 ,wilson /&s alone4 ,bo? ( ! two great p>ties1 ! ,republican & ! ,democratic1 9 ord] to make a %[ ( keep+ abrea/ ( ! times1 h m]ely pat*$ _! plat=ms ) ! new ideas4 ,! ,sociali/ ,p>ty 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is relatively small1 is divid$ aga9/ itself1 & has giv5 no evid5ce ( a lead]%ip ( broad sanity & vision4 ,x is =tunate we h be5 sp>$ 9 ?is c\ntry ! =mation ( a political lab\r p>ty1 because su* a p>ty w\ld h be5 compos$ ( manual work]s alone1 & h5ce w\ld h t5d$ fur!r to develop economic class consci\sness1 to cry/allize class antagonisms4 ,today1 h[ev]1 nei!r ! ,republican nor ! ,democratic p>ty repres5ts ! great issue ( ! times2 ! cleavage betwe5 !m is :olly artificial4 ,! =mation ( a ,lib]al ,p>ty1 ) a plat=m av[$ly bas$ on mod]n social sci5ce1 has become ess5tial4 ,su* a p>ty1 to be 9 h>mony ) our traditions & our cre$1 to arre/ 9 our democracy ! process ( class /ratification :i* ?reat5s to de/roy x1 mu/ n draw its memb]s f ! ranks ( manual lab\r alone1 b f all elem5ts ( our population4 ,x %\ld conta9 all ! lib]al pr(essions1 & cl]ks & %opkeep]s1 z well z manual work]s2 adm9i/rators1 & ev5 ^? employ]s :o h become conv9c$ t our pres5t economic sy/em does n suffice to meet ! ne$s ( ! day4 ,9 %ort1 memb]%ip 9 su* a p>ty1 z f> z possible1 %\ld n be bas$ ^u occupation or economic /atus1 b on an hone/ diff]5ce ( view f t ( ! cons]vative opposition4 ,?is w\ld be a di/9ctly ,am]ican solution4 ,9 ord] to =m su* a p>ty a campaign ( education w be necess>y4 ,= today ,mr4 ,wilson's /r5g? is d]iv$ f ! indep5d5t vote repres5t+ ! fai? ( ! p z a :ole2 b ! majority ( ^? :o support ! ,presid5t1 :ile !y ard5tly desire ! abolition 9 ! _w ( absolute mon>*y1 ( milit>ism & comm]cial imp]ialism1 :ile !y are anxi\s t ?is w> %all exp$ite & n ret>d ! social re=ms 9 :i* !y are int]e/$1 h z yet b a vague conception ( ! social ord] :i* ^! re=ms imply4 ,x m>ks a signal advance 9 democracy :5 lib]al op9ion 9 any nation turns = guidance & support to a /atesman ( ano!r nation4 ,no cle>] sign ( ! times c\ld be desir$ ?an ! fact t our ,am]ican ,presid5t has sudd5ly become ! lib]al lead] ( ! _w4 ,! travell] 9 ,france1 & especially 9 ,brita91 meets on all sides /rik+ evid5ce ( ?is4 ,9 ^! c\ntries1 until ,am]ica's entrance into ! w>1 lib]als _h gr[n m & m dissatisfi$ ) ! failure ( _! gov]nm5ts to def9e 9 democratic t]ms ! issue ( ! conflict1 _h res5t$ ! secret int]-alli$ compacts1 sav\r+ ( imp]ialism & conta9+ ! g]ms ( future w>4 ,!y are n[ look+ across ! ,atlantic = lead]%ip4 ,9 ,france ,m4 ,alb]t ,?omas decl>$ t ,woodr[ ,wilson _h giv5 voice to ! aspirations ( 8 p>ty1 :ile a prom95t ,lib]al 9 ,engl& ann\nc$ 9 a spee* t x _h rema9$ = ! ,am]ican ,presid5t to express ! w & purpose ( ! ,briti% p4 ,! new ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty & ! ,int]-,alli$ ,lab\r & ,sociali/ ,conf]5ces h adopt$ ,mr4 ,wilson's program & h made use ( 8 /rik+ phrases4 ,b we h betwe5 ,am]ica & ,brita9 ?is diff]5ce3 9 ,am]ica ! ,presid5t /&s virtually alone1 )\t a p>ty beh9d him repres5t+ 8 views2 9 ,brita9 ! g5]al democratic w ( ! nation is n[ be+ organiz$1 b has obta9$ z yet no spokesman 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,extraord9>y symptomatic ph5om5a h occurr$ 9 ,russia z well z 9 ,brita94 ,9 ,russia ! rebellion ( an awak5+ p aga9/ an age-long tyranny has almo/ at once leap$ to ! issue ( ! day1 tak5 on ! complexion ( a /ruggle = indu/rial democracy4 ,:e!r ! ,g]mans %all be able to exploit ! c\ntry1 br+ ab\t a reaction & re/ore = a "t mon>*ical in/itutions dep5ds l>gely ^u ! =tunes ( ! w>4 ,9 ,russia !re is revolution1 ) concomitant *aos2 b 9 ,brita9 !re is evolution1 an ord]ly attempt ( a p long accu/om$ to progress 9 self-gov]nm5t to e/abli% a new social ord]1 peacefully & sci5tifically1 & 9 accordance ) a traditional political proc$ure4 ,! rec5t developm5t ( ! ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty1 al?\gh ( deep significance to ,am]icans1 has tak5 place almo/ )\t comm5t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x 0 =mally e/abli%$ 9 #aijj1 & 0 !n compos$ ( manual work]s alone4 ,9 #aijf1 out ( #ej c&idates at ! polls1 #ci 7 elect$ to ,p>liam5t2 9 #aiaj1 #db 7 elect$4 ,! ,p>liam5t>y ,lab\r ,p>ty1 s call$1 has n[ be5 amalgamat$ ) f\r & a half millions ( ,trade ,unioni/s1 & ) ! ?ree & a half millions ( memb]s ( ! ,co-op]ative ,:olesale ,society & ! ,co-op]ative ,union4 ,all[+ = duplication ( memb]%ip1 ^! ?ree organizations--accord+ to ,mr4 ,sidney ,webb--probably include two fif?s ( ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 8,s great an aggregation ( work+ class organizations10 he says1 8has nev] come %\ld] to %\ld] 9 any c\ntry40 ,o!r small] societies & organizations are likewise embrac$1 includ+ ! ,sociali/s4 ,& n[ t ! suffrage has be5 ext5d$1 provision is made = ! inclusion ( wom54 ,! new p>ty is organiz+ 9 f ?ree to f\r hundr$ con/itu5cies1 & at ! next g5]al election is n unlikely to ga9 control ( ! political balance ( p[]4 ,) ! majority ( ,am]icans1 h[ev]1 ! ^w 8lab\r0 z designat+ a p>ty ar\ses suspicion & di/ru/4 ,by nature & tradition we are incl9$ to deplore & oppose any t5d5cy t[>d ! /ratification ( class antagonisms--! result ( indu/rial discont5t--into political gr\ps4 ,! ,briti% tradition is likewise ho/ile to su* a t5d5cy4 ,b 9 ,brita9 ! indu/rial f]m5t has gone mu* fur!r ?an ) u1 & su* a result 0 inevitable4 ,by tak+ advantage ( ! ,briti% exp]i5ce1 ( ! clos] ties n[ be+ knit betwe5 ! two democracies1 we may 9 ,am]ica be sp>$ a /age :i* 9 ,brita9 0 necess>y4 ,inde$1 ! program ( ! new ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty seems to po9t to a di/9ctly ,am]ican solution1 "o 9 h>mony ) ! /eady gr[? ( ,anglo-,saxon democracy4 ,= x is n[ ann\nc$ t ! ^w 8lab\r10 z appli$ to ! new p>ty1 does n mean manual lab\r alone1 b also m5tal lab\r4 ,! ,briti% unions h gradually develop$ & plac$ 9 p[] lead]s educat$ 9 social sci5ce1 :o h n[ come into t\* ) ! intellectual lead]s ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ) ! sociologi/s1 economi/s1 & social sci5ti/s4 ,! surpris+ & enc\rag+ result ( su* association is ! ann\ncem5t t ! new ,lab\r ,p>ty is today publicly ?r[n op5 to all work]s1 bo? by h& & by bra91 ) ! object ( secur+ = ^! ! full fruits ( _! indu/ry4 ,?is means ! inclusion ( physicians1 pr(essors1 writ]s1 ar*itects1 eng9e]s1 & inv5tors1 ( lawy]s :o no long] reg>d _! pr(ession z a bulw>k ( ! /atus quo2 ( cl]ks1 ( adm9i/rators ( ! type evolv$ by ! w>1 :o inde$ h ga9$ _! skill "u ! old ord] b :o n[ 9 a social _s are d$icat+ _! gifts to ! common weal1 organiz+ & direct+ va/ ent]prises = _! gov]nm5ts4 ,9 %ort1 all useful citiz5s :o make wor?y contributions--z di/+ui%$ f p>asites1 pr(ite]s1 & drones1 are invit$ to be memb]s2 !re is no class di/9ction "h4 ,! =tunes ( su* a p>ty are1 ( c\rse1 dep5d5t ^u ! milit>y success ( ! alli$ armies & navies4 ,b x has def9$ ! k9d ( democracy ! ,allies are fight+ =1 & ?us has br\ght ab\t an unqualifi$ endorsem5t ( ! w> by ^? elem5ts ( ! population :i* hi!rto h felt ! issue to be imp]iali/ic & vague r ?an democratic & cle> cut4 ,presid5t ,wilson's int]national program is approv$ ( & elaborat$4 ,! ,report on ,recon/ruction ( ! new ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty is p]haps ! mo/ important political docum5t pres5t$ to ! _w s9ce ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,& l ! ,decl>ation1 x is writt5 9 ! pure ,engli% t alone gives ! high emotional quality ( s9c]ity4 ,! phrases 9 :i* x t]sely describes its objects are admirable4 8,:at is to be recon/ruct$ aft] ! w> is ov] is n ?is or t gov]nm5t dep>tm5t1 ?is or t piece ( social ma*9]y1 b ,society itself40 ,!re is to be a sy/ematic approa* t[>ds a 8heal?y equality ( mat]ial circum/ance = e p]son born into ! _w1 & n an en=c$ dom9ion ov] subject nations1 subject colonies1 subject classes1 or a subject sex40 ,9 indu/ry z well z 9 gov]nm5t ! social ord] is to be bas$ 8on t equal fre$om1 t g5]al consci\sness ( cons5t1 & t wide/ p>ticipation 9 p[]1 bo? economic & political1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( democracy40 ,b all ?is1 x %\ld be not$1 is n to be a*iev$ 9 a ye> or two ( 8fev]i% recon/ruction02 8ea* brick t ! ,lab\r ,p>ty helps to lay %all g to erect ! /ructure x int5ds & no o!r40 ,9 consid]+ ! ma9 features ( ?is program1 "o mu/ h 9 m9d :e!r ^! are a logical projection & cont9uation ( ! ,anglo-,saxon democratic tradition1 or :e!r !y con/itute an absolute break ) t tradition4 ,! only valid reason = ! adoption ( su* a program 9 ,am]ica w\ld be1 ( c\rse1 ! re/oration ( "s su* equality ( opportunity & economic fre$om z exi/$ 9 our ,republic be=e we became an indu/rial nation4 8,! fir/ condition ( democracy10--to quote aga9 f ! program1 8is effective p]sonal fre$om40 ,:at is call$ ! 8,univ]sal ,en=cem5t ( ! ,national ,m9imum0 contemplates ! ext5sion ( laws already on ! /atute books 9 ord] to prev5t ! extreme degradation ( ! /&>d ( life br\ght ab\t by ! old economic sy/em "u indu/rialism4 ,a liv+ m9imum wage is to be e/abli%$4 ,! ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty int5ds 8to secure to e memb] ( ! community1 9 good times & bad alike444 all ! requisites ( heal?y life & wor?y citiz5%ip40 ,aft] ! w> !re is to be no *eap lab\r m>ket1 nor are ! millions ( work]s & soldi]s to fall into ! clut*es ( *>ity2 b x %all be a national obligation to provide ea* ( ^! ) "w accord+ to 8 capacity4 ,9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! dem& = lab\r at a uni=m level1 ! gov]nm5t is to provide public works4 ,! population is to be reh\s$ 9 suitable dwell+s1 bo? 9 rural di/ricts & t[n slums2 new & m adequate s*ools & tra9+ colleges are to be inaugurat$2 l& is to be reclaim$ & af=e/$1 & gradually br\ght "u common own]%ip2 railways & canals are to be reorganiz$ & nationaliz$1 m9es & electric p[] sy/ems4 ,"o ( ! significant proposals "u ?is head is t :i* dem&s ! ret5tion ( ! c5tralization ( ! pur*ase ( raw mat]ials br\ght ab\t by ! w>4 ,9 ord] to accompli% ^! objects !re mu/ be a 8,revolution 9 ,national ,f9ance40 ,! pres5t me?od ( rais+ funds is d5\nc$2 & x is po9t$ out t only "o qu>t] ( ! colossal exp5diture made necess>y by ! w> has be5 rais$ by taxation1 & t ! ?ree qu>t]s borr[$ at on]\s rates is sure to be a burd5 on ! nation's future4 ,! capital ne$$1 :5 peace comes1 to ensure a happy & cont5t$ democracy mu/ be procur$ )\t encroa*+ on ! m9imum /&>d ( life1 & )\t hamp]+ production4 ,indirect taxation mu/ !re=e be conc5trat$ on ^? luxuries ( :i* x is desirable t ! consumption be disc\rag$4 ,! /eadily ris+ une>n$ increm5t ( urban & m9]al l& ought1 by appropriate direct taxation1 to be br\ght into ! public ex*equ]2 8! def9ite tea*+s ( economic sci5ce are no long] to be disreg>d$40 ,h5ce incomes are to be tax$ above ! necess>y co/ ( family ma9t5ance1 private =tunes dur+ life & at dea?2 :ile a special capital levy mu/ be made to pay (f a sub/antial portion ( ! national debt4 8,! ,democratic ,control ( ,indu/ry0 contemplates ! progressive elim9ation ( ! private capitali/ & ! sett+ free ( all :o "w by h& & bra9 = ! welf>e ( all4 ,! ,surplus ,weal? is to be exp5d$ = ! ,common ,good4 ,t :i* ,c>lyle designates z ! 8inw>d spiritual10 9 contra/ to ! 8outw>d economical10 is also to be provid$ =4 8,society10 says ! docum5t1 8l ! individual1 does n live by bread alone1 does n exi/ only = p]petual weal? production40 ,fir/ ( all1 !re is to be education accord+ to ! highe/ mod]n /&>d2 & along ) education1 ! protection & advancem5t ( ! public heal?1 #8m5s sana 9 corpore sano'4 ,:ile l>ge sums mu/ be set aside1 n only = orig9al rese>* 9 e bran* ( k1 b = ! promotion ( music1 lit]ature1 & f9e art1 ^u :i* 8any real developm5t ( civilization fundam5tally dep5ds40 ,9 reg>d to ! ,briti% ,empire1 ! ,lab\r ,p>ty urges self-gov]nm5t = any p1 :atev] its col\r1 prov+ itself capable1 & ! "r ( t p to ! proce$s ( its own toil ^u ! res\rces ( its t]ritory4 ,an unequivocal /& is tak5 = ! e/abli%m5t1 z a "p ( ! treaty ( peace1 ( a ,univ]sal ,society ( ,nations2 & recogniz+ t ! future progress ( democracy dep5ds ^u co-op]ation & fell[%ip betwe5 lib]als ( all c\ntries1 ! ma9t5ance ( intimate relation%ips is advocat$ ) lib]als ov]sea4 ,f9ally1 a sci5tific inve/igation ( ea* succe$+ problem 9 gov]nm5t is insi/$ ^u1 & a mu* m rapid dissem9ation among ! p ( ! sci5ce t exi/s4 8,a plutocratic p>ty may *oose to ignore sci5ce1 b no lab\r p>ty c hope to ma9ta9 its position unless its proposals are1 9 fact1 ! outcome ( ! be/ political sci5ce ( its "t40 ,v4 ,!re are1 x w be se51 "s elem5ts 9 ! program ( ! new ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty app>5tly at v>iance ) ,am]ican & ,engli% in/itutions1 traditions1 & ideas4 ,we are left 9 d\bt1 = in/ance1 9 reg>d to its attitude t[>d private prop]ty4 ,! in/9ct = prop]ty is probably innate 9 humanity1 & ,am]ican cons]vatism 9 ?is reg>d is1 accord+ to c]ta9 mod]n economi/s1 und\bt$ly s\nd4 ,a man %\ld be p]mitt$ to acquire at lea/ z mu* prop]ty z is requir$ = ! expression ( 8 p]sonality2 su* a wise limitation1 also1 w\ld aboli% ! evil kn[n z abs5tee own]%ip4 ,aga91 !re w arise 9 _m m9ds ! "q :e!r ! funds = ! plan ( ,national f9ance outl9$ 9 ! program may be obta9$ )\t s]i\sly d]ang+ ! economic sy/em ( ! nation & ( ! _w4 ,! old] s*ool d5\nces ! program z ,utopian4 ,on ! o!r h&1 economi/s ( ! mod]n s*ool :o h be5 consult$ h decl>$ x practical4 ,x is c]ta9 t be=e ! w> began x w\ld n h be5 ?\ght possible to raise ! billions :i* 9 f\r ye>s h be5 exp5d$ on %e] de/ruction2 & "o ( our sadde/ reflections today mu/ be ( regret t a small portion ( ^! billions :i* h gone to wa/e c\ld n h be5 exp5d$ = ! v purposes outl9$--education1 public heal?1 ! advancem5t ( sci5ce & art1 public build+s1 roads & p>ks1 & ! prop] h\s+ ( populations6 ,x is also dawn+ ^u u1 z a result ( new practices br\ght ab\t by ! w>1 t our organization ( indu/ry 0 happy-g-lucky1 ineffici5t & wa/eful1 & t a m sci5tific & economical organization is imp]ative4 ,"u su* a new sy/em x may well be1 z mod]n economi/s claim1 t1 we %all h an ample surplus = ! ,common ,good4 ,! *ief objection to a ,national or ,democratic ,control ( ,indu/ry has be5 t x w\ld t5d to create va/ political ma*9es & ?us give ! politicians 9 (fice a nef>i\s p[]4 ,x is n int5d$ "h to attempt a refutation ( ?is cont5tion4 ,! rem$y lies 9 a *ang$ attitude ( ! employee & ! citiz5 t[>d gov]nm5t1 & ! fact t su* an attitude is n[ develop+ is n subject to absolute pro(4 ,x may be said1 h[ev]1 t no great] m5ace to democracy c\ld h aris5 ?an ! "o we seem b>ely to h escap$--! control ( politics & gov]nm5t by ! capitali/ic int]e/s ( ! nation4 ,:at seems v cle> is t an evolution>y drift t[>d ! national control ( indu/ry has = _m ye>s be5 go+ on1 & t ! w> has trem5d\sly spe$$ up ! t5d5cy4 ,gov]nm5t has /epp$ 9 to protect ! consum] ( necessities f ! pr(ite]1 & is beg9n+ to set a limit ^u pr(its2 has regulat$ exports & imports2 e/abli%$ a national %ipp+ corporation & m]*ant m>9e1 & ent]$ into o!r indu/ries2 x has tak5 ov] ! railroads at lea/ = ! duration ( ! w>1 & may take ov] coal m9es1 & metal res\rces1 z well z ! =e/s & wat] p[]2 x n[ contemplates ! regulation ( wages4 ,! exig5cy caus$ by ! w>1 moreov]1 has trans=m$ ! =m] practice ( int]national int]c\rse4 ,co-op]ation has replac$ competition4 ,we are reorganiz+ & regulat+ our indu/ries1 our bus9ess1 mak+ sacrifices & prep>+ to make m sacrifices 9 ord] to meet ! ne$s ( our ,allies1 n[ t !y are sore beset4 ,= a consid]able p]iod aft] ! w> is end$1 !y w require our aid4 ,we %all be bett] (f ?an any o!r ( ! bellig]5t nations1 & we %all !re=e be call$ ^u to practice1 dur+ ! ye>s ( recon/ruction1 a cont9uation ( ! same policy ( helpfulness4 ,inde$1 = ! nations ( ! _w to spr+1 comm]cially speak+1 at "o ano!r's ?roats w\ld be suicidal ev5 if x 7 possible4 ,mr4 ,sidney ,webb has ?r[n a flood ( light ^u ! conditions likely to prevail4 ,= example1 speculative export trade is be+ replac$ by collective import+1 br++ bus9ess m directly "u ! control ( ! consum]4 ,?is has be5 done by co-op]ative societies1 by municipalities & /ates1 9 ,switz]l&1 ,france1 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & 9 ,g]many4 ,! ,co-op]ative ,:olesale ,society ( ,great ,brita91 act+ on behalf ( ?ree & a half million families1 buys two & a half million doll>s ( pur*ases annually4 ,& ! ,ent5te nations1 9 ord] to avoid competitive bidd+1 are buy+ collectively f u1 n only munitions ( w>1 b o!r supplies1 :ile ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t has made itself ! sole import] ( su* necessities z :eat1 sug>1 tea1 refrig]at$ meat1 wool1 & v>i\s metals4 ,! ,fr5* & ,italian gov]nm5ts1 & also c]ta9 neutral /ates1 h done likewise4 ,a pur*as+ commission = all ! ,allies & ,am]ica is n[ propos$4 ,aft] ! w>1 z an inevitable result1 = "o ?+1 ( trans=m+ "s ?irty million citiz5s into soldi]s1 ( engag+ a l numb] ( m5 & wom5 at enhanc$ wages on ! manufacture ( ! requisites ( w>1 ,mr4 ,webb pr$icts a _w %ortage n only 9 :eat & food/uffs b 9 ne>ly all important raw mat]ials4 ,^! w be requir$ = ! resumption ( manufacture4 ,9 brief1 int]national co-op]ation w be ! only means ( salvation4 ,! policy ( int]national trade impli$ by _w %ortage is n f\nd$ ^u a law ( 8supply & dem&40 ,! necessities _c be p]mitt$ to g to ^? :o c af=d to pay ! highe/ prices1 b to ^? :o ne$ !m mo/4 ,= ! 8free play ( economic =ces0 w\ld mean fam9e on a l>ge scale1 because ! ri*] nations & ! ri*] classes )9 ! nations might be fully suppli$2 b to ! detrim5t & ru9 ( ! _w ! poor] nations & ! poor] classes w\ld be />v$4 ,!re=e gov]nm5ts are already beg9n+ to give consid]ation to a new organization ( int]national trade = at lea/ ?ree ye>s aft] ! w>4 ,n[ if ?is organization produce1 z x may produce1 a m desirable civilization & a happi] _w ord]1 we are n likely entirely to g back--especially 9 reg>d to commodities :i* are necessities--to a competitive sy/em4 ,! pr9ciple ( 8priority ( ne$0 w sup]s$e ! law ( 8supply & dem&40 ,& ! organizations built up dur+ ! w>1 if !y prove effici5t1 w n be aboli%$4 ,h\rs ( lab\r & wages 9 ! co-op]ative ,league ( ,nations w gradually be equaliz$1 & t>iffs w become ?+s ( ! pa/4 8,! axiom w be e/abli%$10 says ,mr4 ,webb1 8t ! res\rces ( e c\ntry mu/1 be held = ! b5efit n only ( its own p b ( ! _w4444 ,! _w %ortage w1 = ye>s to come1 make import duties look bo? oppressive & ridicul\s40 ,s mu* may be said = ! pr9ciple ( ,democratic ,control4 ,9 spite ( all !oretical opposition1 circum/ances & evolution app>5tly po9t to its e/abli%m5t4 ,a sy/em t puts a premium on comm]cial gre$ seems no long] possible4 ,! above comm5ts1 bas$ on ! drift ( political practice dur+ ! pa/ decade & a half1 may be tak5 = :at !y are wor?4 ,pr$ictions are prec>i\s4 ,! av]age ,am]ican w be incl9$ to reg>d ! program ( ! new ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty z ! embodim5t ( :at he vaguely calls ,socialism1 & to him ! v ^w is repugnant4 ,al?\gh he may nev] h he>d ( ,m>x1 x is ! ,m>xian conception t comes to 8 m9d1 & ?is implies co]cion1 a gov]nm5t t con/antly int]f]es ) 8 p]sonal lib]ty1 t compels him to tasks = :i* he has no reli%4 ,b y\r ,am]ican1 & y\r ,engli%man1 = t matt]1 is inh]5tly an individuali/ he wants z little gov]nm5t z is compatible ) any gov]nm5t at all4 ,& ! desc5dants ( ! cont95tal ,europeans :o flock to our %ores are ,anglo-,saxoniz$1 also become by environm5t & education individuali/s4 ,! great importance ( pres]v+ ?is individualism1 ?is _s 9 our citiz5s ( self-reliance1 ?is suspicion aga9/ too mu* int]f]5ce ) p]sonal lib]ty1 mu/ at once be admitt$4 ,& any s*eme = a social ord] t t5ds to elim9ate & de/roy x %\ld by ,am]icans be summ>ily reject$4 ,! "q ( supreme int]e/ to u1 !re=e1 is :e!r ! social ord] impli$ 9 ! ,briti% program is ma9ly 9 ! nature ( a developm5t (1 or a break )1 ! ,anglo-,saxon democratic tradition4 ,! program is d]iv$ f an ,engli% s\rce4 ,x is bas$ on :at is kn[n z mod]n social sci5ce1 :i* has z its ultimate sanction ! nature ( ! human m9d z reveal$ by psy*ology4 ,a consid]ation ( ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ?is propos$ social ord] may prove t x is ess5tially--if p]haps p>adoxically--individuali/ic1 a logical evolution ( in/itutions :i* _h _! orig9 9 ! ,magna ,*>ta4 ,our ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce proclaim$ t e citiz5 _h ! "r to 8life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess10 :i* means ! opportunity to a*ieve ! greate/ self-developm5t & self-realization4 ,! !ory is t ea* citiz5 %all f9d 8 place1 accord+ to 8 gifts & abilities1 & be satisfi$ !re)4 ,we may discov] t ?is is precisely :at social sci5ce1 9 an indu/rial age1 & by spiritualiz+ human ef=t1 aims to a*ieve4 ,we may f9d t ! appe>ance ( su* a program z t ( ! ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty1 support$ z x is by an impos+ proportion ( ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 m>ks a fur!r /ep1 n only 9 ! advance ( social sci5ce & democracy1 b also ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i m5tion ,*ri/ianity1 n = controv]sial or apologetic reasons1 b because x has be5 ! leav5 ( our we/]n civilization ev] s9ce ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,its con/ant influ5ce has be5 to s(t5 & spiritualize individual & national relation%ips4 ,! bitt] controv]sies1 w>s1 & p]secutions :i* h rag$ 9 its "n are utt]ly ali5 to its be+4 ,& t ! pres5t w> is n[ be+ f\ght by ! ,allies 9 ! hope ( putt+ an end to w>1 & is ?us 9 ! true _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 m>ks an incomp>able advance4 ,almo/ up to ! pres5t day1 bo? 9 our conception & practice ( ,*ri/ianity1 we h l>gely neglect$ its mo/ important elem5ts4 ,*ri/ian or?odoxy1 z ,augu/e ,sabati] po9ts out1 is l>gely d]iv$ f ! old] sup]natural religions4 ,! pres]vative %ell ( dogma & sup]/ition has be5 crack+1 & is n[ ready to bur/1 & ! social tea*+ ( ,jesus w\ld seem to be ! k]nel f :i* has sprung mod]n democracy1 mod]n sci5ce1 & mod]n religion--a tr9ity & unity4 ,= ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s or?odoxy has insi/$ t ! social pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity are impractical4 ,& inde$1 until ! pres5t day1 !y h be5 s4 ,physical sci5ce1 by enorm\sly accel]at+ ! means ( transportation & communication1 has s contract$ ! _w z to br+ into communion peoples & races hi!rto f> ap>t2 has made possible an intellig5t organization ( indu/ry :i*1 = ! fir/ "t 9 hi/ory1 c create a surplus ample to ma9ta9 9 com=t ! _w's population4 ,b ?is dem&s ! w to co-op]ation1 :i* is a ,*ri/ian pr9ciple--a recognition ( ! bro!rhood ( man4 ,fur!rmore1 physical sci5ce has increas$ ! ne$ = _w peace & int]national co-op]ation because ! t]ritories ( all nations are n[ subject to swift & t]rible invasion by mod]n in/rum5ts ( de/ruction1 :ile ! future subm>9e may sweep comm]ce f ! seas4 ,aga91 or?odoxy decl>es t human nature is inh]5tly 8bad10 :ile true ,*ri/ianity1 endors$ by psy*ology1 proclaims x inh]5tly 8good10 :i* means t1 prop]ly guid$1 prop]ly educat$1 x is creative & contributive r ?an de/ructive4 ,no m /rik+ pro( ( ?is fact c be cit$ ?an ! mod]n exp]im5t 9 prison re=m 9 :i* h>d5$ convicts1 :5 8giv5 a *ance10 frequ5tly become useful citiz5s4 ,unju/ & un9tellig5t social conditions are ! *ief factors 9 mak+ crim9als4 ,our mo/ mod]n sy/em ( education1 ( :i* ,pr(essor ,john ,dewey is ! *ief protagoni/1 is bas$ ^u ! ass]tions ( psy*ology t human nature is ess5tially 8good0 creative4 ,e normal *ild is suppos$ to h a special 8di/9ction0 or gift1 :i* x is ! task ( ! educator to discov]4 ,?is di/9ction f\nd1 ! *ild a*ieves happ9ess 9 creation & contribution4 ,self-realization dem&s k & tra9+3 ! do+ ( "r is n a negative b a positive act2 x is n )\t significance t ! ,greek ^w = s9 is lit]ally 8miss+ ! m>k40 ,*ri/ianity emphasizes above all else ! wor? ( ! individual1 yet recognizes t ! individual c develop only 9 society4 ,& if ! individual be ( great wor?1 ?is wor? mu/ be by society develop$ to its utmo/4 ,univ]sal suffrage is a logical coroll>y4 ,univ]sal suffrage1 h[ev]1 implies individual judgm5t1 :i* means t ! or?odox pr9ciple ( ext]nal au?ority is out ( place bo? 9 ,*ri/ianity & democracy4 ,! ,*ri/ian !ory is t none %all int]v5e betwe5 a man's ,mak] & himself2 democracy presupposes t no citiz5 %all accept 8 beliefs & convictions f o!rs1 b %all make up 8 own m9d & act accord+ly4 ,op5-m9d$ness is ! fir/ requisite ( sci5ce & democracy4 ,:at has be5 deem$1 h[ev]1 9 ,*ri/ianity ! mo/ unrealizable ideal is t :i* may be call$ pacifism--to resi/ n evil1 to turn ! o!r *eek1 to agree ) y\r adv]s>y :ile y are 9 ! way ) him4 8,i come n10 said ,jesus1 9 "o ( ^? p>adoxical /atem5ts hi!rto s difficult to und]/&1 8,i come n to br+ peace1 b a sword40 ,x is inde$ :at we are fight+ =--peace4 ,b we believe today1 m /rongly ?an ev] be=e1 z democracy advances1 z peoples t5d to ga9 m & m control ov] _! gov]nm5ts1 t ev5 ?is may n be an unrealizable ideal4 ,democracies1 int5t on self-realization & self-developm5t1 d n desire w>4 ,! problem ( social sci5ce1 !n1 appe>s to be to organize human society on ! pr9ciples & ideals ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b 9 view ( ! fact t ! tr5d ( evolution is t[>ds ! elim9ation ( comm]cial competition1 ! "q :i* mu/ s]i\sly conc]n u today is--,:at 9 ! future %all be ! spur ( individual initiative8 ,or?odoxy & ev5 democratic practice h hi!rto tak5 x = grant$--9 spite ( ! examples ( highly socializ$ m51 b5efactors ( society--t ! av]age citiz5 w be/ir himself only = mat]ial ga94 ,& x mu/ be admitt$ t competition ( "s sort is necess>y = self-realization1 t human nature dem&s a prize4 ,!re c be no self-sacrifice )\t a correspond+ self-satisfaction4 ,! answ] is t 9 ! !ory ( democracy1 z well z 9 t ( ,*ri/ianity1 individualism & co-op]ation are p>adoxically bl5d$4 ,= competition1 ,*ri/ianity sub/itutes emulation4 ,& ) democracy1 x decl>es t mank9d itself c gradually be ra9$ t[>ds ! level ( ! *oice individual :o does n lab\r = ga91 b 9 behalf ( society4 ,= ! process ( democracy is n degrad+1 b lift+4 ,l ,*ri/ianity1 democracy dem&s fai?1 & has z its inspir+ int]pretation ( civilization evolution t[>ds a spiritual goal4 ,yet ! k9d ( fai? requir$ is no long] a bl9d fai?1 b "o f\nd$ on sane & c>efully evolv$ !ories4 ,democracy has become a sci5tific exp]im5t4 ,9 ?is connection1 z "o notably inspir$ by emulation1 by ! joy ( creative "w & s]vice1 ! m$ical pr(ession comes fir/ to m9d4 ,! f9] elem5t 9 ?is pr(ession is con/antly increas+ 9 numb]s1 gr[+ m & m influ5tial1 mak+ life less easy = ! quack1 ! v5dor ( no/rums1 ! comm]cial proprietor ( ! bogus m$ical college4 ,! doctor :o uses 8 tal5ts = ga9 is fr[n$ ^u by ^? ( 8 fell[ practition]s ^: op9ion really c\nts4 ,respect$ physicians 9 our cities give mu* ( _! "t to tea*+1 animat+ /ud5ts ) _! own _s2 & lab\r long h\rs1 = no mat]ial return1 9 ! cl9ics ( ! poor4 ,& h[ (t51 9 read+ our newspap]s1 d we le>n t "s m$ical sci5ti/1 by pati5t "w1 & (t5 at ! risk ( life & heal?1 has triumph$ ov] a sc\rge :i* has play$ havoc ) humanity ?r\gh\t ! ages6 ,typhoid has be5 conqu]$1 & infant p>alysis2 gangr5e & tetanus1 :i* h tak5 su* toll ( ! w\nd$ 9 ,fl&]s & ,france2 yell[ fev] has be5 /amp$ out 9 ! tropics2 hide\s lesions are n[ heal$ by a sy/em ( dra9age4 ,! v li/ ( ^! a*ievem5ts is bewild]+1 & latt]ly we are giv5 hope ( ! prolongation ( life itself4 ,"h 9 tru? are ,*ri/ian de$s multipli$ by sci5ce1 made possible by a gr[+ k ( & ma/]y ov] ,nature4 ,su* m5 by virtue ( _! high mission are above ! vici\s social & comm]cial competition poison+ ! lives ( s _m ( _! fell[ citiz5s4 ,9 our democracy !y h f\nd _! "w1 & ! "w is its own rew>d4 ,!y give /rik+ te/imony to ! !ory t absorption 9 a creative or contributive task is ! only s\rce ( self-realization4 ,& he has little fai? 9 mank9d :o %all decl>e t ! m$ical pr(ession is ! only gr\p capable ( be+ socializ$1 or1 r1 ( socializ+ !mselves--= su* is ! true process ( democracy4 ,public op9ion %\ld be ! leav54 ,:at is possible = ! doctor is also possible = ! lawy]1 = ! tea*]4 ,9 a democracy1 tea*+ %\ld be ! mo/ hon\r$ ( ! pr(essions1 & inde$ once 01--be=e ! adv5t ( indu/rialism1 :5 x gradually fell into neglect1--occasionally into deplorable submission to ! possessors ( weal?4 ,yet a wage disgracefully l[1 h>d%ip1 & ev5 pov]ty h n h9d]$ m5 ( ability f ent]+ x 9 increas+ numb]s1 r5\nc+ ease & luxuries4 ,! wor? ( ! contributions ( our pr(essors to civilization has be5 ine/imable2 & =tunately signs are n lack+ t we are com+ to an appreciation ( ! value ( ! exp]t 9 gov]nm5t1 :o is replac+ ! p&]] & ! politician4 ,a new solid>ity ( tea*+ pr(essional op9ion1 toge!r ) a gr[+ realization by our public ( ! prim>y importance ( ! call+1 is t5d+ to emancipate x1 to e/abli% x 9 its rightful place4 ,nor are our eng9e]s )\t _! ideal4 ,a ,goe?als did n cut an i/hmus 9 two = ga94 ,indu/rialism1 ) its concomitant 8corporation0 practice1 has und\bt$ly be5 detrim5tal to ! legal pr(ession1 s9ce x has result$ 9 l>ge fees2 9 ! accumulation ( va/ =tunes1 frequ5tly by me?ods e?ically que/ionable4 ,grave social inju/ices h be5 done1 ?\gh (t5 9 good fai?1 s9ce ! lawy]1 by tra9+ & exp]i5ce1 has hi!rto be5 lea/ op5 to ! tea*+s ( ! new social sci5ce1 has be5 an hone/ advocate ( ! sy/em ( #8laissez faire'4 ,b to say t ! ,am]ican legal pr(ession is )\t ideals & lack+ 9 ! emulative _s w\ld be to d x a grave inju/ice4 ,! increas+ influ5ce ( national & /ate b> associations evid5ces a pr(essional op9ion disc\rag+ to ! unscrupul\s2 :ile a new evolution>y & m humanit>ian conception ( law is n[ beg9n+ to be taught1 & "y m5 are ent]+ ! ranks imbu$ ) ?is4 ,legal cl9ics1 l m$ical cl9ics1 are e/abli%$ = ! b5efit ( ^? :o _c af=d to pay fees1 = ! protection ( ! dup$ f ! pr$atory quack4 ,&1 x mu/ be said ( ?is pr(ession1 :i* hi!rto has held a =emo/ place 9 ,am]ica1 t its lead]s h nev] hesitat$ to respond to a public call1 to sacrifice _! practices to s]ve ! nation4 ,_! highe/ ambition has ev5 be5 to atta9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 :]e ! sal>y is a m]e pittance comp>$ to :at !y may e>n z private citiz5s4 ,?us we may review all ! gr\ps 9 ! nation1 b ! mo/ significant trans=mation ( all is tak+ place )9 ! bus9ess gr\p1--:]e inde$ x might be lea/ expect$4 ,ev5 be=e ! w> !re 7 _m evid5ces t ! emulative _s 9 bus9ess _h begun to modify ! m]ely competitive1 & we _h ! spectacle ( l>ge employ]s ( lab\r awak5+ to ! evils ( indu/rialism1 & !mselves attempt+ to inaugurate re=ms4 ,z 9 ! case ( lab\r1 x w\ld be obvi\sly unfair to claim t ! employ] elem5t 0 actuat$ by motives ( self-int]e/ alone2 nor 7 _! concessions due only to fe>4 ,in/ances c\ld be cit$1 if !re 7 space1 ( volunt>y %ort5+ ( h\rs ( lab\r1 ( rais+ ( wages1 :5 no co]cion 0 ex]t$ ei!r by ! lab\r unions or ! /ate2 &--p]haps to _! surprise employ]s discov]$ t su* acts 7 n only humane b pr(itable6 ,among ^! employ]s1 9 fact1 may be obs]v$ individuals 9 v>i\s /ages ( enlight5m5t1 f ! few :o h educat$ !mselves 9 social sci5ce1 :o are conv9c$ t ! "t has come :5 x is n only practicable b "r1 :o realize t a new era has dawn$2 to o!rs :o /ill believe 9 ! old sy/em1 :o are try+ to bol/] x up by grant+ concessions1 by e/abli%+ committees ( conf]5ce1 by giv+ a voice & (t5 a f9ancial int]e/1 b n a vote1 9 ! conduct ( ! corporation conc]n$4 ,^! are ! c\nt]p>t1 9 indu/ry1 ( sov]eigns ^: away has be5 absolute1 ^: int5tions are good1 b :o hesitate1 (t5 f conviction1 to grant con/itutions4 ,yet ev5 ^! are respond+ 9 "s degree to social curr5ts1 ?\gh ! aggressive /ruggles ( lab\r may h influ5c$ !m1 & p>tially op5$ _! eyes4 ,!y are f> bett] ?an _! associates :o /ill seek to control ! supplies ( food & o!r necessities1 ^: effici5cy is /ill solely direct$1 n t[>d a social end1 b t[>d ! amass+ ( l>ge =tunes1 & is !re=e wa/$ s f> z society is conc]n$4 ,!y d n p]ceive t by seek+ to control prices !y m]ely ha/5 ! t5d5cy ( gov]nm5t control1 = x is bett] to h gov]nm5t regulation = ! b5efit ( ! _m ?an propriet>y control1 h[ev] effici5t1 = ! b5efit ( ! few4 ,t a significant *ange ( he>t & m9d has begun to take place among/ capitali/s1 t ! nucleus ( a 8public op9ion0 has be5 =m$ )9 an elem5t :i*1 by ! use & wont ( bus9ess & habits ( ?\ght might be reg>d$ z lea/ subject to ! influ5ce ( social ideas1 is a mo/ hopeful augury4 ,?is nasc5t op9ion has begun to op]ate by %am+ unscrupul\s & recalcitrant employ]s into bett] practices4 ,x w\ld inde$ f>e ill ) democracy if1 9 su* an era1 m5 ( l>ge bus9ess prov$ to be lack+ 9 democratic initiative1 :olly unreceptive & ho/ile to ! gradual introduction ( democracy into indu/ry1 :i* means ! p]petuation ( ! ,am]ican ,idea4 ,=tunately1 ) u1 ?is capitali/ic elem5t is ( comp>atively rec5t gr[?1 ! majority ( its memb]s are ess5tially ,am]icans2 !y h ris5 f small beg9n+s1 & are responsive to a democratic appeal--if t appeal be prop]ly pres5t$4 ,&1 z a matt] ( fact1 = _m ye>s a leav5 _h be5 at "w among !m2 ! tru? has be5 br\ght home to !m t ! m]e acquisition ( weal? br+s nei!r happ9ess nor self-realization2 !y h lavi%$ _! money on hospitals & univ]sities1 cl9ics1 f\ndations = sci5tific rese>*1 & o!r gifts ( ine/imable b5efit to ! nation & mank9d4 ,al?\gh ! munific5ce 0 on a ,m$icean scale1 ?is private *>ity 0 9 accord ) ! old] conception ( democracy1 & pav$ ! way = a new ord]4 ,! patriotic & humanit>ian motive ar\s$ by ! w> greatly accel]at$ ! socializ+ trans=mation ( ! bus9ess man & ! capitali/4 ,we h1 inde$1 our pr(ite]s seek+ %ort cuts to luxury & weal?2 b ^? happily mo/ repres5tative ( ,am]ican affairs1 includ+ ! creative adm9i/rators1 ha/5$ to ,wa%+ton ) a will+ness to accept any position 9 :i* !y might be useful1 & 9 num]\s in/ances plac$ at ! disposal ( ! gov]nm5t ! manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts :i*1 by indu/ry & ability1 !y !mselves _h built up4 ,t 9 ?us surr5d]+ ! prop]ties = :i* !y 7 l>gely responsible !y hop$ at ! conclusion ( peace to see re/or$ ! #8/atus quo ante' %\ld n be held aga9/ !m4 ,"s are n[ beg9n+ to surmise t a complete re/oration is impossible2 & z a result ( _! socializ+ exp]i5ce1 are ev5 wond]+ :e!r x is desirable4 ,^! are beg9n+ to p]ceive t ! national & int]national organizations 9 ! c\rse ( con/ruction to meet ! dem&s ( ! _w conflict mu/ =m ! model = a future social /ructure2 t ! unprec$5t$ pressure caus$ by ! cataclysm is compell+ a recry/allization ( society 9 :i* !re mu/ be few] misfits1 9 :i* _m m individuals ?an =m]ly %all f9d public or semi-public tasks 9 accordance ) _! gifts & abilities4 ,x may be argu$ t w> compels socialization1 t aft] ! w> ! _w w p]=ce return to mat]iali/ic individualism4 ,b ?is calamity1 t]rible above all o!rs1 has w>n$ u ( ! imp]ative ne$ ( an ord] t %all be socializ+1 if we are n to witness ! de/ruction ( our civilization itself4 ,confid5ce t su* an ord]1 ?anks to ! advancem5t ( sci5ce1 is n[ )9 our grasp %\ld n be difficult = ,am]icans1 once !y h rightly conceiv$ x4 ,we1 :o h always p9n$ our fai? to ideas1 :o ent]$ ! conflict = an ,idea1 mu/ be ! la/ to %irk ! task1 h[ev] ,h]culean1 ( _w recon/ruction along ! l9es ( our own pr(ess$ fai?4 ,we _c be r5egades to ,democracy4 ,above all ?+s1 !n1 x is ess5tial = u z a p n to ab&on our fai? 9 man1 our belief t n only ! exceptional individual b ! majority ( mank9d c be socializ$4 ,:at is true ( our physicians1 our sci5ti/s & pr(essional m51 our manual work]s1 is also true ( our capitali/s & bus9ess m54 ,9 a m j & intellig5t organization ( society ^! w be f\nd will+ to adm9i/] & improve = ! common weal ! national res\rces :i* =m]ly !y exploit$ = ! b5efit ( !mselves & _! associates4 ,! social response1 grant$ ! conditions1 is innate 9 humanity1 & individual initiative c be/ be satisfi$ 9 social realization4 ,univ]sal education is ! corn]/one ( democracy4 ,& ! recognition ( ?is fact may be call$ ! great ,am]ican contribution4 ,b 9 our society ! fulle/ self-realization dep5ds ^u a well balanc$ k ( sci5tific facts1 ^u a r\nd$ culture4 ,?us education1 prop]ly conceiv$1 is a prep>ation = intellig5t1 e?ical1 & cont5t$ citiz5%ip4 ,^u ! welf>e ( ! individual dep5ds ! welf>e ( all4 ,)\t education1 free in/itutions & univ]sal suffrage are mock]ies2 semi-le>n$ masses ( ! population are at ! m]cy ( s*em+ politicians1 controv]siali/s1 & pseudo-sci5tific religioni/s1 & _! votes are sway$ by prejudice4 ,9 a mat]iali/ic competitive ord]1 success 9 life dep5ds ^u ! knack--innate or acquir$1 & n to be highly rat$--( outwitt+ "o's neighb\r "u ! rules ( ! game--! law2 education is m]ely a cultural leav5 )9 ! rea* ( ! comp>atively few :o c af=d to att5d a univ]sity4 ,! bus9ess college is a m logical in/itution4 ,9 an emulative civilization1 h[ev]1 ! problem is to discov] & develop 9 *ildhood & y\? ! p]sonal aptitude or gift ( z _m citiz5s z possible1 9 ord] t !y may f9d self-realization by mak+ _! peculi> contribution t[>ds ! advancem5t ( society4 ,! prevail+ sy/em ( education1 :i* we h inh]it$ f ! pa/1 l>gely fails to accompli% ?is4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x has be5 au?oritative r ?an sci5tific1 :i* is to say t /ud5ts h be5 induc$ to accept ! /atem5ts ( tea*]s & text books1 & h n be5 tra9$ to weigh = !mselves _! reasonabl5ess & wor?2 a pr9ciple ess5tially unsci5tific & undemocratic1 s9ce x inculcates 9 ! future citiz5 convictions r ?an enc\rages ! habit ( op5-m9d$ness s necess>y = democratic citiz5%ip4 ,= democracy--x _c be too (t5 repeat$--is a dynamic ?+1 exp]im5tal1 creative 9 its v ess5ce4 ,no /atic set ( op9ions c apply to ! con/antly *ang+ aspect ( affairs4 ,new discov]ies1 :i* come ^u u ) su* bewild]+ rapidity1 are apt abruptly to alt] social & indu/rial conditions1 :ile morals & conv5tions are no long] absolute4 ,sudd5 crises ?reat5 ! /ability ( nations & civilizations4 ,safety lies alone 9 ! ability to g =w>d1 to progress4 ,psy*ology tea*es u t if au?oritative op9ions1 convictions1 or 8complexes0 are /amp$ ^u ! pla/ic bra9 ( ! y\? !y t5d to h>d51 & he is apt to become a ,democrat or ,republican1 an ,episcopalian or a ,bapti/1 a free trad] or a t>iff advocate or a ,man*e/] economi/ )\t ask+ :y4 ,su* 8complexes0 7 probably ref]r$ to by ! celebrat$ physician :o emphasiz$ ! hopelessness ( mo/ individuals ov] =ty4 ,& e re=m] & =um lectur] kn[s h[ difficult x is to conv]t ! av]age audi5ce ( season$ adults to a new idea3 he f9ds ! mo/ responsive gr\ps 9 ! univ]sities & colleges4 ,x is significant t ! 8educat$0 adult audi5ces 9 clubs & prosp]\s *ur*es are ! lea/ op5 to conv]sion1 because1 9 ! sci5tific s5se1 ! 8educat$0 classes reta9 complexes1 & h5ce are ! lea/ prep>$ to cope ) ! _w z x is today4 ,! ,g]man sy/em1 :i* has be5 b5t ^u in/all+ au?oritative conviction in/ead ( enc\rag+ fre$om ( ?\ght1 %\ld be a w>n+ to u4 ,aga91 outside ( ! realm ( physical sci5ce1 our text books h be5 controv]sial r ?an imp>tial1 especially 9 economics & hi/ory2 result+ 9 errone\s & di/ort$ & prejudic$ ideas ( ev5ts1 su* = in/ance1 z our ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,! day ( ! controv]siali/ is happily com+ to an end1 & ( ! writ] :o twi/s ! facts ( sci5ce to suit a _w ( 8 own mak+1 or ( t ( a gr\p ) :i* he is associat$4 ,!ory c n[ be labell$ !ory1 & fact1 fact4 ,imp>tial & pa9/ak+ inve/igation is ! sole me?od ( obta9+ tru?4 ,! old sy/em ( education b5efit$ only ! comp>atively few to ^: nature & incl9ation x 0 adapt$4 ,we h ne$1 inde$1 ( classical s*ol>s1 b ! majority ( m5 & wom5 are meant = o!r "w2 _m1 by _! v con/ruction ( m9d1 are unfitt$ to become su*4 ,& only 9 ! mo/ exceptional cases are ! anci5t languages really ma/]$2 a smatt]+ ( ^!1 impos$ ^u ! unwill+ s*ol> by a pr9ciple oppos$ to psy*ology1--a smatt]+ f :i* is d]iv$ no use & joy 9 aft] life1 & :i* has no connection ) individual incl9ation--is worse ?an no?+4 ,preci\s "t is wa/$ dur+ ! ye>s :5 ! m9d is mo/ receptive4 ,:ile ! argum5t ( ! old s*ool t discipl9e c only be inculcat$ by ! imposition ( a di/a/eful task is uns\nd4 ,z ,pr(essor ,dewey po9ts out1 unless ! int]e/ is 9 "s way involv$ !re c be no useful discipl9e4 ,& h[ _m ( our univ]sity & high s*ool graduates today are 9 any s5se discipl9$8 ,/imulat$ int]e/ alone c ov]come ! resi/ance impos$ by a difficult task1 z any sci5ti/1 arti/1 organiz] or adm9i/rator kn[s4 ,m5 w discipl9e !mselves to ga9 a desir$ end4 ,"u ! old sy/em ( education a few *ildr5 succe$ ei!r because !y are desir\s ( do+ well1 int]e/$ 9 ! game ( m5tal competition2 or else because !y contrive to clo! ) fle% & blood "s subject pres5t$ z a skeleton4 ,x is n uncommon1 inde$1 to recognize 9 lat] ye>s ) a/oni%m5t a useful citiz5 or g5ius :om at s*ool or college we recall z a dunce or lagg>d4 ,9 our pres5t society1 because ( ar*aic me?ods ( education1 ! developm5t ( su* is l>gely left to *ance4 ,^? :o might h be5 develop$ 9 "t1 :o might h f\nd _! task1 (t5 become wa/]s1 drudges1 & ev5 crim9als4 ,! old sy/em t5ds to make types1 to /amp e s*ol> 9 ! same m\ld1 :e!r he fits x or n4 ,m & m ! p>5ts ( today are look+ ab\t = new s*ools1 insi/+ t a son or daught] possesses "s special gift :i*1 "u tea*]s ( g5ius1 might be develop$ be=e x is too late4 ,& 9 mo/ cases1 /range to say1 ! p>5ts are "r4 ,!y !mselves h be5 victims ( a /&>diz$ sy/em4 ,a new & di/9ctly ,am]ican sy/em ( education1 design$ to meet ! dem&s ( mod]n conditions1 has be5 put 9 practice 9 p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 spite ( opposition f s*ool bo>ds1 f all ^? :o cl+ to ! conviction t education mu/ ( necessity be an unpalatable & 8discipl9>y0 process1 ! numb] ( ^! s*ools is gr[+4 ,! objection1 put =? by _m1 t !y are /ill 9 ! exp]im5tal /age1 is met by ! reply t exp]im5t is ! v ess5ce ( ! sy/em4 ,democracy is exp]im5tal1 & h5ce=? education w rema9 exp]im5tal = all "t4 ,b1 z 9 any o!r bran* ( sci5ce1 ! elem5t ( asc]ta9$ fact w gradually increase3 ! lat5t possibilities 9 ! m9d ( ! heal?y *ild w be discov]$ by k ga9$ ?r\gh imp>tial inve/igation4 ,! old sy/em1 l all o!r in/itutions h&$ d[n to u f ! ages1 proce$s on no intellig5t !ory1 has no basis on psy*ology1 & is accept$ m]ely because x exi/s4 ,! new education is selective4 ,! m9d ( ea* *ild is pati5tly /udi$ ) ! view ( discov]+ ! peculi> b5t1 & ?is b5t is guid$ & enc\rag$4 ,! *ild is all[$ to =ge ahead 9 ^? subjects = :i* he %[s an aptitude1 & n compell$ to wait on a class4 ,su* sup]vision1 ( c\rse1 dem&s m tea*]s1 tea*]s ( an ability hi!rto deplorably r>e1 & ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 _! subjects1 ) a sympa!tic k ( ! human m9d4 ,!irs w be ! highe/ & mo/ responsible function 9 ! /ate1 & !y mu/ be rew>d$ 9 proportion to _! s]vices4 ,a sup]ficial criticism decl>es t 9 ! new s*ools *ildr5 w /udy only 8:at !y l40 ,on ! contr>y1 all subjects requisite = a wide culture1 z well z = ! ability to cope ) exi/5ce 9 a highly complex civilization1 are insi/$ ^u4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t ! tra9$ & gift$ tea*] is able to discov] a me?od ( s pres5t+ a subject z to seize ! imag9ation & ar\se ! int]e/ & indu/ry ( a majority ( pupils4 ,9 ! mod]n s*ools ,fr5*1 = example1 is really taught2 pupils d n acquire a m]e smatt]+ ( ! language4 ,&1 :at is m important1 ! c\rse ( /udy is directly relat$ to life1 & to practical exp]i5ce1 in/ead ( be+ set =? ab/ractly1 z some?+ :i* at ! "t ! pupil p]ceives no possibility ( putt+ into use4 ,at "o ( ! new s*ools 9 ! s\?1 ! ignorant *ild ( ! m\nta9s at once acquires a k ( measurem5t & elem5t>y ari?metic by lay+ out a g>d51 ( lett]s by inscrib+ 8 "n on a little signbo>d 9 ord] to id5tify 8 pat*--= ! mom5t private prop]ty4 ,& ?is pr9ciple is c>ri$ ?r\gh all ! grades4 ,9 ! ,g>y ,s*ools & else:]e ! mak+ ( ?+s 9 ! %ops1 ! modell+ ( a ,panama ,canal1 ! inspection ( indu/ries & gov]nm5tal e/abli%m5ts1 ! design+1 build+1 & decoration ( h\ses1 ! discussion & ev5 dramatization ( ! books read1--all are a logical & inevitable cont9uation ( ! ab/ract k ( ! s*oolroom4 ,! success ( ! direct application ( le>n+ to indu/rial & pr(essional life may also be obs]v$ 9 su* colleges z ^? at ,c9c9nati & ,s*5ectady1 :]e "y m5 sp5d half ! "t ( ! c\rse 9 ! %ops ( manufactur+1 corporations1 (t5 e>n+ m ?an en\gh to pay _! tuition4 ,*ildr5 are n only prep>$ = democratic citiz5%ip by be+ enc\rag$ to ?9k = !mselves1 b also to gov]n & discipl9e !mselves4 ,on ! moral side1 "u ! au?oritative sy/em ( lay & religi\s tra9+1 "* 0 acquir$ at ! exp5se ( m5tal flexibility--! ,puritan me?od2 our problem today1 :i* ! new sy/em und]takes1 is to produce "* ) op5-m9d$ness--! k9d ( "* possess$ by _m great sci5ti/s4 ,absorption 9 an appropriate task creates a moral w1 :ile sci5ce1 k1 in=ms ! m9d :y a ?+ is 8bad0 or 8good10 dis9tegrat+ or upbuild+4 ,moreov]1 ^! *ildr5 are tra9$ = democratic gov]nm5t by ! grant+ ( autonomy4 ,!y h _! own elect$ (ficials1 _! own c\rts2 _! decisions are1 ( c\rse1 subject to rev]sal by ! pr9cipal1 b 9 practice ?is seldom occurs4 ,! ,g>y ,s*ools & _m ( ! new s*ools are public s*ools4 ,& ! pr9ciple ( ! new education t ! /ate is prim>ily responsible = ! heal? ( pupils--because an uns\nd body is apt to make an uns\nd citiz5 ( backw>d intellig5ce--is n[ be+ g5]ally adopt$ by public s*ools all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,?is idea is ess5tially an elem5t ( ! democratic cont5tion t all citiz5s mu/ be giv5 an equality ( opportunity--?\gh all may n be creat$ equal--n[ becom+ a positive r ?an a negative "r1 gu>ante$ by ! /ate itself4 ,an e>ne/ attempt is ?us made by ! /ate to give e citiz5 a fair />t t 9 lat] ye>s he may h no gr\nd = discont5t or compla9t4 ,he /&s on 8 own feet1 he rises 9 proportion to 8 ability & indu/ry4 ,h5ce ! program ( ! ,briti% ,lab\r ,p>ty rightly lays /ress on education1 on 8fre$om ( m5tal opportunity40 ,! va/ sums x proposes to sp5d = ?is purpose are ju/ifi$4 ,if su* a sy/em ( education z t briefly outl9$ above is c>efully & imp>tially consid]$1 ! objection t democratic gov]nm5t f\nd$ on mod]n social sci5ce is co]cive mu/ disappe>4 ,s f> z ! int5tion & ef=t ( ! /ate is able to conf] x1 e citiz5 w h 8 *oice ( ! task he is to p]=m = society1 8 opportunity = self-realization4 ,= fre$om )\t education is a my?4 ,by degrees m5 & wom5 are mak+ ready to take _! places 9 an emulative r ?an a mat]iali/ically competitive ord]4 ,b ! exp]im5tal aspect ( ?is sy/em %\ld always be borne 9 m9d1 ) ! fact t its introduction & progress1 l t ( o!r elem5ts 9 ! democratic program1 mu/ be gradual1 ?\gh always proce$+ along s\nd l9es4 ,= we h arriv$ at t /age ( enlight5m5t :5 we realize t ! only mundane p]fection lies 9 progress r ?an a*ievem5t4 ,! mill5nium is always a lap ahead4 ,!re w\ld be no satisfaction 9 ov]tak+ x1 = !n we %\ld h no?+ m to d1 no?+ m to "w =4 ,! ,g]man ,junk]s h pro/itut$ sci5ce by employ+ x = ! de/ruction ( humanity4 ,9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ianity !y h wag$ ! mo/ b>b>ic w> 9 hi/ory4 ,yet if !y %all h demon/rat$ to mank9d ! futility ( effici5cy a*iev$ m]ely = mat]ial ends2 if1 by ?r[+ !m on a _w scre51 !y %all h reveal$ ! evils ( p[] upheld alone by ru?lessness & =ce1 !y w unwitt+ly h p]=m$ a _w s]vice4 ,privilege & dom9ion1 p[]s & pr9cipalities acquir$ by =ce mu/ be su/a9$ by =ce4 ,to fail w be fatal4 ,ev5 a dup$ p1 tra9$ 9 s]vility1 w n cons5t to be gov]n$ by an unsuccessful autocracy4 ,arrogantly ,g]many has /ak$ h] all on _w dom9ation4 ,h5ce a victory = ! ,allies mu/ mean a democratic ,g]many4 ,no?+ %ort ( victory4 ,!re c be no arrangem5t1 no agreem5t1 no p>ley ) or confid5ce 9 ^! mod]n scions ( d>kness--,hoh5zoll]ns1 ,h9d5burgs1 ,zud5dorffs & _! tools4 ,propag&a mu/ n cease2 ! eyes ( ,g]mans /ill capable ( sight mu/ be op5$4 ,b1 z ! ,presid5t says1 =ce mu/ be us$ to ! limit--=ce = a social end z oppos$ to =ce = an evil end4 ,!re are ^? among u :o advocate a boycott ( ,g]many aft] peace is decl>$4 ,^! w\ld seem to take x = grant$ t we %all fall %ort ( victory1 & h5ce t selfi% retaliative or v9dictive practices betwe5 nations1 sanction$ by imp]ialism1 w cont9ue to fl\ri% aft] ! w>4 ,b %\ld ,g]many w9 %e w see to x t !re is no boycott aga9/ h]4 ,a compromis$ peace w\ld inde$ mean ! p]petuation ( bo? imp]ialism & milit>ism4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ^? :o put _! fai? 9 might alone t !y are n only bl9d to ! f9] relation%ips betwe5 individuals & nations1 b take no acc\nt ( ! moral =ces 9 human affairs :i* 9 ! long run are decisive1--a lack ( s5sitiv5ess :i* expla9s ,g]many's colossal blund]s4 ,! fir/ _h to d ) ,brita94 ,! ,g]man milit>i/s p]si/$ 9 ! belief t ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 0 deg5]at$ by democracy1 int5t ^u ! acquisition ( weal?1 di/ract$ by /rife at home1 unc]ta9 ( ! ,empire1 & ?us w\ld selfi%ly rema9 alo( :ile ! ,kais]'s armies ov]ran & enslav$ ! cont95t4 ,:at happ5$1 to ,g]many's detrim5t1 0 ! in/ant socialization ( ,brita91 & ! b9d+ toge!r ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,g]many's second great blund] 0 an arrogant und]e/imation ( a self-reliant p ( ,engli% culture & traditions4 ,%e believ$ t we1 too1 _h be5 made flabby by democracy1 7 :olly int5t ^u ! pursuit ( ! doll>--only to le>n t ,am]ica w\ld lavi% h] va/ res\rces & %$ h] blood = a cause :i* 0 ,am]ican4 ,g]many h]self provid$ t cause1 %ap$ ! issues s t !re 0 no avoid+ !m4 ,%e provid$ ! occasion = ! socializ+ ( ,am]ica also2 & ?us br\ght ab\t1 )9 a ye>1 a national trans=mation :i* 9 times ( peace might sc>ce 9 half a c5tury h be5 accompli%$4 ,above all1 z a consequ5ce ( ^! two blund]s1 ,g]many has be5 compell$ to witness ! consummation ( t :i* ( all ?+s %e _h mo/ to fe>1 ! cem5t+ ( a la/+ fell[%ip betwe5 ! ,engli% speak+ ,republic & ! ,engli% speak+ ,empire4 ,= we _h be5 sev]$ s9ce ! #ah? ,c5tury by misund]/&+s :i* ( late ,g]many h]self _h be5 m or less successful 9 fo/]+4 ,%e has furni%$ a bond n only betwe5 our gov]nm5ts1 b--:at is va/ly m important = democracy--a bond betwe5 our peoples4 ,our soldi]s are n[ side by side ) ^? ( ! ,empire on ! ,fronti] ( ,fre$om2 ! blood ( all is %$ & m+l$ = a great cause embodi$ 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon tradition ( democracy2 & our peoples1 ?r\gh ! realization ( common ideas & common ends1 are le>n+ ! supreme lesson ( co-op]ation betwe5 nations ) a common pa/1 are be+ cem5t$ into a union :i* is ! symbol & =]unn] ( ! democratic league ( ,nations to come4 ,h5ce=?1 we believe1 because ( ?is union1 s natural yet s long delay$1 by virtue ( ! ultimate victory x =eca/s1 ! sun w nev] set on ! ,empire ( ! free1 = ! drum beats ( democracy h be5 he>d ar\nd ! _w4 ,to ?is ,empire w be add$ ! preci\s culture ( ,france1 :i* ! c\rage ( h] sons w h pres]v$1 ! contributions ( ,italy1 & ( ,russia1 yes1 & ( ,japan4 ,our philosophy & our religion are *ang+2 h5ce x is m & m difficult to use ! old t]ms to describe moral conduct4 ,we say1 = in/ance1 t ,am]ica's action 9 ent]+ ! w> has be5 8unselfi%40 ,b ?is m]ely means t we h our own convictions conc]n+ ! ultimate com=t ( ! _w1 ! mann] ( self-realization ( individuals & nations4 ,we are attempt+ to turn calamity into good4 ,if ?is t]rible conflict %all result 9 ! inauguration ( an emulative society1 if x %all br+ u to ! recognition t intellig5ce & sci5ce may be us$ = ! upbuild+ ( su* an ord]1 & = an ev5tual a*ievem5t ( _w peace1 e sacrifice %all h be5 ju/ifi$4 ,su* is ! ,am]ican ,issue4 ,our /atesm5 & ?9k]s h help$ to evolve x1 our p ) _! blood & treasure are consecrat+ x4 ,& ^! /atesm5 & ?9k]s1 ( :om our ,am]ican ,presid5t is n ! lea/1 are ( democracy ! pione]s4 ,f ! m\nta9 tops on :i* !y /& !y behold ! features ( ! new _w1 ! dawn ( ! new day hidd5 z yet f _! bro!rs 9 ! valley4 ,let u h fai? always t x is com+1 & /ruggle on1 highly resolv+ t ^? :o gave _! lives 9 ! h\r ( d>kness %all n h di$ 9 va94