,transcrib] ,note ,obvi\s typos & punctuation errors correct$4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation reta9$4 ,description ( illu/rations )\t captions has be5 add$4 ,italics are indicat$ by und]scores surr\nd+ ! italic text4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,all ,,caps4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,hamburgs ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,book ( ! ,hamburgs1 ,a ,,brief ,,treatise ,,^u ,,! ,,mat+1 ,,re>+ ,,& ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,hamburgs4 ,,by ,l4 ,,frank ,,baum4 ,,h>t=d1 ,,conn43 ,h4 ,h4 ,,/odd>d1 ,,publi%]4 #ahhf4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,copyright1 #ahhf1 by ,h4 ,h4 ,,/odd>d1 ,h>t=d1 ,conn4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! ,book ( ! ,hamburgs4 ,long be=e :at we n[ call 8fancy f[ls0 7 kn[n or recogniz$ 79 fact1 long be=e ! memory ( any p]son n[ liv+71 ,hamburgs 7 kept & br$ to fea!r among ! peasants ( ,york%ire & ,lanca%ire 9 ,engl&1 & by !m exhibit$ at ! small t[n & c\nty fairs 9 _! neighborhood4 ,( c\rse !y 7 !n kn[n "u diff]5t names1 ! ,blacks be+ call$ 8,black ,pheasant ,f[ls0 & ! ,spangl$ v>ieties 8,lanca%ire ,mooneys0 & 8,york%ire ,pheasants02 :ile su* a v>iety z ! ,p5cil$ ,hamburgs 7 ei!r :olly unkn[n or else 7 s little ?\ght ( t !y h left no record ( _! orig91 if1 inde$1 !y are natives ( ,engl& at all4 ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory4 ,mr4 ,wright1 :o has trac$ ^! f[ls back /ill fur!r1 incl9es to ! belief t at "s p]iod :]e( we h no k ! ,p5cil$ v>ieties =m$ a "p ( ! ,hamburg family1 al?\gh our e>lie/ positive k traces !m to direct importations f ,holl&1 :]e !y 7 br\ght 9 great numb]s1 & 7 orig9ally kn[n "u ! names ( 8,dut* ,ev]yday ,lay]s0 or 8,dut* ,ev]la/+ ,lay]s40 ,z su* a ?+ z a black or spangl$ v>iety ( ?is f[l 0 utt]ly unkn[n 9 ,holl&1 x is presumable t at "s p]iod ! p5cil$ v>ieties 7 export$ to ,holl& & !re br$ & *]i%$1 :ile !y 7 all[$ to run out or s9k into insignificance 9 ,engl&4 ,we cl+ to ?is belief s t5aci\sly on acc\nt ( ! wond]ful similitude :i* m>ks ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,hamburg family1 9 spite ( ! fact t "o bran* came f ,holl& & ! o!r is emphatically ,engli%4 ,^! two bran*es1 namely1 ! ,p5cil$ & ! ,spangles & ,blacks1 resemble no o!r v>ieties ( f[ls 9 ! slighte/ degree1 :ile _! common *>act]i/ics are ! abs5ce ( ! incubat+ in/9ct1 clean1 sl5d] legs1 neat rose combs1 small1 r\nd & :ite e>-lobes1 & ! light1 b sweep+ & graceful1 l9es ( =m :i* are :olly _! own & unapproa*able by any o!r bre$ ( f[ls1 no matt] h[ f9e _! symmetry4 ,if ?is 7 n en\gh to /amp !m ) c]ta9ty ( hav+ "o orig91 we m>k ! fact t spangl$ *ick5s are frequ5tly p5cil$ 9 _! fir/ fea!rs2 :ile1 z !y mature1 ! black spangles or moons are (t5 surm\nt$ by a light tip beyond !m1 ?us aga9 approa*+ ! p5cil$ "*1 :ile conv]sely x w be f\nd t if p5cil$ birds be br$ too d>k ! la/ b> has a /rong t5d5cy to become too wide1 ?us approa*+ a spangl$ "*4 ,if we consid] ! utt] want ( int]e/ ) :i* p\ltry 0 reg>d$ 9 ! e>li] days1 & ! fact t no traditions ( any acc\nt relat+ to f[ls h be5 h&$ d[n1 we may be ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t ^! facts prove our conjectures 9 reg>d to ! orig9al id5tity ( ^! v>ieties to be correct4 ,f :5ce _! common prog5itor came1 we c h no idea1 b t !y did h "o we /rongly believe4 ,x may h be5 t !y came f ! ,blacks1 z t v>iety is ?\ght to be ! olde/1 & a cross might h result$ 9 ! brok5 color1 or possibly ^! ,blacks hav+ a numb] ( :ite fea!rs may h be5 br$ toge!r until a di/9ctly-m>k$ plumage _h be5 obta9$4 ,be>+ 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ,aldrov&us speaks ( a f[l :i* /rongly resembles ! p5cil$ v>iety z ,gall9a ,turcica1 x is possible t ! ,p5cil$ 0 ! orig9al v>iety1 &1 z ! "n sugge/s1 ( ,ea/]n orig94 ,^! conjectures & hypo!ses are p]plex+ & unsatisfactory1 & are really ( no practical value1 be+ only ( use 9 af=d+ ano!r in/ance ( ! fasc9at+ problems :i* con/antly pres5t !mselves to ! p\ltry fanci] ( a philosophical & inquir+ turn ( m9d4 ,?is mu* appe>s to be c]ta93 t ( all our _m v>ieties ( fancy f[ls ! ,hamburg is by odds ! olde/2 inde$1 ,mr4 ,w+field claims t old records %[ t f[ls ) all ! ,hamburg *>act]i/ics 7 br$ 9 ! y>ds ( mona/]ies z e>ly z ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,at ! great ,birm+ham %[ ! au?orities !re1 recogniz+ ! g5]al resemblance betwe5 ! ,p5cil$1 ,spangl$ & ,black v>ieties1 & ! inconv5i5ce ( _! num]\s & v>i$ appellations1 gr\p$ !m toge!r "u ! g5]al "n ( ,,hamburgs1 by :i* !y h be5 kn[n s9ce1 fanci]s accept+ ) alacrity a "n :i* 0 at once conv5i5t 9 class+ ! bre$s & :i* br\ght ! sep>at$ memb]s ( :at 0 no d\bt a di/9ct family toge!r1 z x is mo/ c]ta9 !y belong & %\ld be arrang$4 ,_m bre$]s :o h no k ( ! delib]ations at ,birm+ham h be5 puzzl$ to guess :y ! "n ,hamburg %\ld h be5 *os5 to designate a family :i* 0 ma9ly ,engli%1 b ^! 8fa!rs ( ! frat]nity0 _h too mu* bus9ess to transact to all[ !m to inquire v c>efully into ! e>ly hi/ory ( ?is f[l4 ,! ,rev4 ,e4 ,s4 ,dixon propos$ 8t z ! p5cil$ v>ieties 7 !n import$ by ! ,levant m]*ants f ! port ( ,hamburg !y %\ld all take ! g5]al "n ( ,hamburgs10 &1 inde$1 ?is t]m is z euphoni\s & conv5i5t z any o!r c\ld be4 ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,hamburgs4 ,9 usefulness & beauty ! ,hamburgs /& v prom95tly among/ t num]\s collection ( f[ls :i* our broad nom5clature d5om9ates 8fancy p\ltry40 ,! plumage ( e v>iety1 ei!r ,p5cil$ or ,spangl$1 ,silv]1 ,gold5 or ,black1 is at once beautiful & /rik+1 attract+ ! att5tion ( /rang]s to ! p\ltry y>d or exhibition room :5 all o!r bre$s h fail$ to int]e/ !m1 & draw+ f !m involunt>y tributes ( admiration4 ,& if !y are s mu* admir$ by cold & sup]ficial obs]v]s1 surely ! ,hamburg fanci] may be p>don$ = 8 unb\nd$ en?usiasm = 8 favorites :5 e season & ne>ly e day unfolds new beauties 9 8 birds & r5d]s !m m fasc9at+ & delightful to 8 eye4 ,! exquisite symmetry1 ! novel & %apely rose combs1 ! sn[y & delicate e>-lobes1 ! tap]+ blue legs & graceful c>riage give !m an ari/ocratic & 8dress$ up0 appe>ance & r5d] !m ! mo/ beautiful ( our dome/ic f[ls4 ,! ,hamburg fanci] has pl5ty ( scope 9 :i* to indulge 8 ta/e1 ! diff]5t colors & m>k+s af=d+ an ample v>iety f :i* to *oose1 :ile ! g5]al *>act]i/ics are ! same4 8,hamburgs10 says ,mr4 ,beldon 9 ,lewis ,wright's p\ltry book1 8are )\t d\bt ! mo/ beautiful bre$ ( p\ltry we possess1 z well z ! mo/ useful1 all v>ieties be+ alike elegant & beautiful4 ,! dwell] 9 ! c\ntry w g5]ally pref] ! ,silv]1 :ile ! citiz5 w take ! ,gold5 or ,black2 b all ( !m1 9 _! mat*less v>iety ( m>k+ & color1 w delight ! eye ) ! utmo/ degree :i* is p]haps possible ( beauty 9 f[ls4 ,_! m>vel\s beauty1 h[ev]1 w\ld n recomm5d ! ,hamburgs to ! practical bre$] s mu* z _! wond]ful egg-produc+ qualities1 :i* x has be5 claim$ surpass ^? ( any o!r bre$4 ,! wond]ful /ories told ( ,hamburg productiv5ess1 :ile (t5 m amus+ ?an reliable1 s]ve to %[ t 9 any h&s1 9 any climate & "u ! mo/ adv]se circum/ances !y h prov$ v pr(itable to _! own]s1 :ile ) ord9>y c>e !y are ! be/ ( lay]s40 ,! av]age ,hamburg pullet w beg9 lay+ at f\r or five mon?s ( age1 & w lay f #aej to #bjj eggs ! fir/ ye> "u favorable circum/ances4 ,! second & ?ird ye>s h5s w av]age f #age to #bbe eggs :5 prop]ly c>$ =1 & f ! ?ird ye> _! productiv5ess gradually decl9es1 al?\gh "o reliable bre$] ass]ts t he once own$ a ,black ,hamburg h5 :i* at five ye>s ( age laid #bbj eggs 9 t5 mon?s4 ,a great deal dep5ds ^u ! /ra9 ( birds & ! c>e !y receive1 z if productive traits are *]i%$ & c>efully br$ =1 ! numb] ( eggs may be greatly increas$1 :ile neglect to prop]ly cultivate ?is quality by c>eless & incompet5t bre$]s w result 9 a m>k$ decrease 9 productiv5ess4 ,! abs5ce ( ! incubat+ in/9ct has mu* to d ) ! productiv5ess = :i* ,hamburgs are not$1 z no "t is lo/ 9 sitt+ or brood+ ! *icks4 ,"s bre$]s claim t ,hamburgs nev] attempt to sit4 ,?is is incorrect4 ,we h kn[n cases1 al?\gh we ackn[l$ge !y are r>e1 :]e ,hamburg h5s h hat*$ & re>$ goodly broods ( *ick5s1 9 e case prov+ !mselves /eady sitt]s & excell5t mo!rs2 nor 0 !re a p>ticle ( ta9t$ blood 9 _! ve9s1 ^! be+ m]ely cases :]e t wond]ful in/9ct :i* is common to ne>ly all f[ls w 8crop out0 occasionally 9 e v>iety ( non-sitt+ f[ls4 ,x is n necess>ily due to a =m] cross1 b may be occasion$ by 8rev]sion0 to :i* we attribute ev]y?+ t we d n und]/& 9 nature's doma94 ,?is non-sitt+ in/9ct is ( d\ble value to ! ,hamburgs1 z !y d n lose half _! fea!rs dur+ incubation1 b ma9ta9 _! sleek appe>ance ?r\gh ! entire season1 & :5 !y d m\lt !y m\lt easily & rapidly1 seldom or nev] be+ left = a "t d5ud$ ( fea!rs1 z are mo/ o!r bre$s1 b ! new fea!rs mak+ _! appe>ance z ! old ones drop out1 s t !y are nev] an eyesore to _! own]s4 ,inde$1 !y seem to *ange _! coats s easily t x is no r>e ?+ = h5s to lay z /eadily dur+ ?is ord9>ily try+ process z at any o!r "t4 ,!y %\ld1 h[ev]1 h an extra all[ance ( fe$ at ?is "t1 & a little t9cture ( iron 9 _! dr9k+ wat] or a few ru/y nails plac$ 9 ! dr9k+ pans w /r5g!n & tone up _! sy/ems4 ,to d _! be/1 ,hamburgs %\ld h free range4 ,mr4 ,beldon1 ?\gh greatly ov]draw+ _! ne$ = ?is luxury1 atta*es s mu* importance to x t he says3 8,!y are ( little use p5n$ up1 9 :i* /ate !y p9e & mope = lib]ty2 t bright *e]fulness :i* is common to !m disappe>s1 & f be+ ! happie/ !y become ! mo/ wret*$ ( birds40 ,?\gh ,mr4 ,beldon may h f\nd ?is ! case1 our own exp]i5ce has be5 t no small bre$s ( f[ls w /& ! t$ium ( a long & sev]e w9t] 9 close qu>t]s bett] ?an ! ,hamburgs4 ,9 fact1 all y ne$ is to keep !m busy1 & !y w seem happy & cont5t$4 ,/ill1 ! l>g] ! grass run !y h 9 summ] ! great] _! productiv5ess & ! bett] !y w d4 ,!y are v small eat]s1 & :5 at lib]ty are excell5t =ag]s1 be+ up at break ( day & away rummag+ ! fields & pa/ures 9 se>* ( food4 ,_! quick eye at once espies _! prey1 & 8woe to ! poor worm t happ5s on t p>ticul> morn+ to h got up a little too e>ly40 ,e corn] is se>*$ ) indefatigable zeal1 & by ! "t ! man gets ar\nd 9 ! morn+ to fe$ !m !y h made a good breakfa/ & are ready = ! bus9ess ( ! day4 ,p]fect lib]ty or a l>ge grass run are valuable adjuncts to heal? & egg production4 ,give x !m if y possibly c4 ,z a rule ,hamburgs are a heal?y bre$1 be+ little subject to ! common ailm5ts ( p\ltry4 ,"o ( our correspond5ts writes3 8,!y are rem>kably h>dy1 (t5 endur+ h>d%ips t to o!r bre$s mean disease & dea? ) successful =titude4 ,i h _h "y ,hamburg *icks peck$ by ! "m ( a rival flock & virtually #8scalp$' 9 h] insane jeal\sy1 ! sk9 be+ torn f ! head d[n ! entire back1 & yet ! y\ng/] w\ld trot ar\nd z lively z ?\gh no?+ _h happ5$1 & n only get well b fl\ri%4 ,sometimes ! fea!rs w\ld gr[ out ^u ! #8sk9n$' place1 & sometimes x w\ld always reta9 a smoo? appe>ance4 ,i h n[ a h51 :i* we consid] "o ( our be/ bre$]s1 )\t a ve/ige ( fea!r+ ^u h] entire back1 ow+ to a l accid5t 9 h] y\?4 ,! *icks are v easily re>$4 ,( c\rse !y mu/ h prop] c>e1 z !y _c re> !mselves2 b ) a mod]ate degree ( att5tion no tr\ble w be f\nd 9 rais+ !m to maturity4 8,tak5 z a :ole we consid] ! ,hamburgs z h>dly excell$ by any o!r f[l = ! f>m]1 fanci] or p\lt]]4 ,on a good home/ead !y w keep !mselves1 & if well att5d$ to w pay bett] ?an any o!r f>m /ock 9 proportion to ! inve/m5t4 ,9 f9e1 ,i feel p]fectly safe 9 an ass]tion t 9 no "o bre$ w be f\nd s mu* beauty & usefulness1 & s _m excell5t qualities1 z 9 ! sev]al v>ieties ( ! ,hamburg family1 :ile 9 ! "o item ( egg production !y /& to-day :]e !y did hundr$s ( ye>s ago1 unrival$ by any dome/ic f[l40 ,?is is a /atem5t ( "o :o is full ( en?usiasm1 b x may be not$ t only a sup]ior bre$ ( f[ls w\ld excite s mu* comm5dation 9 a bre$] :o has be5 famili> ) !m f 8 y\?4 ,,black ,,hamburgs4 ,al?\gh !re is no c]ta9ty t ?is is ! olde/ v>iety ( f[ls1 /ill1 z x has a p$igree ( ne>ly #bjj ye>s1 x is presumable t x 0 ! olde/ v>iety ( ! ,hamburg family4 ,mr4 ,beldon consid]s ! claims ( ! ,spangles & ,blacks to be ab\t equal z reg>ds age1 & r favors ! =m]4 ,h[ev]1 a passage 9 an old book publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #agjb by ,?omas ,sutlief1 entitl$ 8,a trip to ! ,nor? ( ,engl&10 has induc$ u to believe t ! ,blacks 7 ! olde/ bre$4 ,x says3 8,"o ( my pleasant rem9isc5ces ( ?is c\nty 7,lanca/]7 is ! pleasure ) :i* ,i reg>d$ _! pretty f[l1 ! ,black ,pheasants1 z !y call !m1 & :i* furni%$ me _m a delici\s fre% egg = my breakfa/4444 ,! /\t peasants reg>d !m ) mu* favor1 & po9t ) pride to _! :ite e>s & flat combs40 ,x w\ld seem f ?is t n only 7 !y ! favorite f[ls1 b t !y !n possess$ 9 a great measure _! pres5t *>act]i/ics4 ,if ! spangl$ birds 7 !n kn[n !y surely c\ld n h fall5 "u ! obs]vation ( ?is writ]1 :o w\ld h be5 sure to h not$ !m f _! /rik+ appe>ance4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,hamburgs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,be t z x may1 ,black ,hamburgs are kn[n to h be5 br$ 9 ,lanca%ire long be=e ! p\ltry-%[+ era1 & 7 call$ by ! peasants ,black ,pheasants4 ,!y _h ! rose comb1 b x 0 mu* l>g] ?an 9 our pres5t birds1 & n ne>ly s well =m$4 ,!y also _h ! :ite e>-lobe1 despite ! claims ( _m bre$]s t ?is desirable po9t came f a cross ) ! ,spani%4 ,!re is no d\bt t _m ,blacks h ,spani% blood 9 !m1 & "s prom95t ,engli% bre$]s op5ly ackn[l$ge its exi/5ce 9 _! /ra9s4 ,b we h birds to-day t h nev] kn[n a p>ticle ( ,spani% blood 9 _! composition1 :i* possess sup]ior qualities ov] ^? ) ! ,spani% cross1 & :i* h ! :ite e>-lobe 9 all its beauty & p]fection4 ,9 a rec5t lett] ,mr4 ,beldon says3 8,! ,black ,hamburgs ,i rememb] p]fectly well :5 ,i fir/ began ! p\ltry fancy "s tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ago1 b !y 7 n commonly br$ at t "t4 ,!y 7 a l>ge bird1 ) r co>se combs4 ,s9ce !n ! ,spani% cross has be5 us$ to produce !m2 9 fact1 ,i h kn[n !m to be br$ f a ,black ,spani% & ,spangl$ ,hamburg1 & by c>eful selection br\ght to mu* p]fection1 ) bett] black plumage1 bright r$ faces & pure :ite e>-lobes40 ,black ,pheasants did n =m]ly possess ! exquisite symmetry :i* is s m>k$ 9 our pres5t birds1 be+ co>se & %ort-legg$1 :ile ! mo/ att5tion 0 paid to t respl5d5t gre5i% %e5 :i* =ms _! *ief attraction & r5d]s !m to-day ! mo/ beautiful ( black f[ls4 ,!re h be5 _m & clev] exp$i5ts devis$ to %[ t ! ,black ,hamburgs came f cross+4 ,mr4 ,seebay says3 8,i h be5 told by reliable p]sons t ,black ,pheasants h be5 %[n = prizes1 su* z copp] kettles1 etc41 m ?an a hundr$ ye>s be=e my "t4 ,! true ,silv]-,spangl$ is almo/ black 9 "o /age ( its *ick5 plumage1 & z ,i h kn[n !m produce *ick5s almo/ black1 & z ! %ape ( ! ,spangles & ,blacks is exactly ! same1 ,i _h always ?\ght "o sprung f ! o!r40 ,?is !ory is ! mo/ plausible "o we "k (1 & is also endors$ by ,mr4 ,s]geantson4 ,! mo/ absurd ass]tion is t !y are ! result ( a cross betwe5 ! ,gold5-,spangl$ ,hamburgs & ! ,spani%1 :i* is easily refut$ by our positive k ( _! great age4 ,!re is no d\bt b t "s ,black ,hamburgs 7s-call$7 h be5 made f ?is cross1 z ,mr4 ,beldon says2 b ! un=tunate bre$] :o gets any ( ^! f[ls into 8 y>ds1 w soon discov] f a pl5tiful spr9kl+ ( s+le combs 9 8 *icks & a g5]al want ( fix$ *>act]i/ics1 t he has be5 impos$ ^u4 ,x is n ( great importance to "k exactly h[ !y did orig9ate1 z f a practical po9t ( view x is en\gh to "k t !y are n[ a firmly e/abli%$ bre$ ( great beauty & und\bt$ excell5ce4 ,! ,black ,hamburgs lay ! l>ge/ eggs ( any v>iety ( ?is bre$1 :ile 9 numb]s !y fully equal ! ,spangl$ & ,p5cil$4 ,!y are !re=e mu* s\ght aft] by ^? :o wi% to obta9 eggs = ! m>ket z well z = ! table1 & are p]haps ! mo/ popul> v>iety ( ,hamburgs4 ,plumage4--,?is is ! mo/ important po9t 9 ! ,black ,hamburg1 ?\gh x has be5 mu* neglect$ by ,am]ican bre$]s4 ,x %\ld be exce$+ly s(t1 ! fea!rs hav+ a feel+ z ( sat9 to ! h&1 & a deep b di/9ct & beautiful gloss or t+e4 ,mu* weight %\ld be giv5 to ?is 9 bo? sexes1 al?\gh x c be cultivat$ to a great] ext5t 9 ! female ?an 9 ! male4 ,?is gre5 gloss %\ld n appe> on ! end ( ! fea!rs only1 b ?r\gh\t ! entire plumage--! gre5] & ri*] ! color ! bett]4 ,to be se5 to advantage ?is beautiful gloss %\ld be view$ 9 a /rong light or :5 ! sun is ^u ! bird4 ,y !n see t %e5 9 :i* !y surpass all o!r black f[ls4 ,! color requir$ is ! gre5 black2 ! purple1 blui% or rav5 black s (t5 se5 is v undesirable1 & %\ld be avoid$4 ,^! colors are s di/9ct t !re is no liability to mi/ake ! true %ade4 ,"s /ra9s are ( a deep blue gre51 almo/ a /eel blue2 ^! h gre5 tails4 ,o!r /ra9s are ( a light] gre52 ^! h bronze gre5 tails4 ,! pur] ! gre5 & ! less admixture ( any o!r t+e ! bett]4 ,nev] bre$ f birds :i* seem to be p5cil$ ) blui% purple4 ,x is (t5 caus$ by a late & protract$ m\lt1 & may appe> 9 birds :i* z *icks _h ! gre5 t+e 9 all its p]fection2 b m (t5 x is h]$it>y4 ,lanca%ire fanci]s call$ ?is maz>9e1 & x appe>$ pr9cipally on backs ( h5s or flights ( cocks4 ,z we h m5tion$1 ?is glossy t+e is n s uni=m on ! male z ! female birds1 & ?is is seem+ly 9 direct opposition to ! usual decrees ( ,nature1 :i* seems to h orda9$ t ! male "p ( creation be m brilliant ?an ! opposite g5d]4 ,we are pleas$ to obs]ve1 h[ev]1 a m>k$ improvem5t 9 ! plumage ( cocks ( late ye>s1 & hope to see ! "t :5 ! male bird w %[ ?is *>act]i/ic z fully z ! female4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,hamburgs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,9 ,black ,hamburg cocks ! brea/1 back1 %\ld]s & tail %\ld be a ri* gre51 ! w+-cov]ts exce$+ly brilliant & ! out] web ( ! second>ies 7i4 e41 ! :ole ( ! l[] "p ( ! clos$ w+7 almo/ z bright2 ! less] tail-cov]ts are also v ri* 9 color4 ,tegetmei] speaks ( spangl+ be+ visible 9 ,black ,hamburgs :5 se5 9 ! sunlight4 ,! birds he exam9$ mu/ h be5 decid$ly poor ones1 or p]haps x 0 8 mis=tune to see ^? birds comp\nd$ ( ,gold5-,spangl$ ,hamburgs & ,spani% :i* we h spok5 (4 ,su* cross-br$ birds w %[ ! iridesc5t gre5 spangle ,mr4 ,tegetmei] has spok5 (1 b :i* we h nev] be5 able to disc]n on good birds ( a pure /ra94 ,occasionally ri* r$ or orange color$ fea!rs w crop out 9 ,black ,hamburg cock]els--v seldom 9 pullets4 ,^! r$ fea!rs come f :at we suppose 0 pheasant blood at "s remote p]iod introduc$ into ^! birds1 or p]haps a "p ( _! orig9al make-up1 & d n by any means prove ! exi/5ce ( impure blood4 ,x is ! result ( our /r5u\s ef=ts to keep up & improve ! gre5i% lu/]1 & inv>iably comes f highly color$ birds4 ,^! birds are sometimes ( great use to bre$]s1 & enable u to obta9 f9ely color$ birds by mat+ !m ) dead-black pullets4 ,b :ile we may tol]ate an occasional %[+ ( r$ fea!rs 7:i* only appe> 9 ! hackle1 z 9 ! ,gold5 ,pheasant71 we mu/ be v sev]e on birds %[+ ^? ( ano!r color--namely1 :ite fea!rs4 ,!re seems to be a natural t5d5cy to %[ ! :ite fea!rs 9 all black f[ls1 & ?is evil has be5 s /ubborn to eradicate t ,mr4 ,fel*1 at a meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,p\ltry ,association1 (f]$ a resolution to all[ :ite tips to appe> 9 exhibition birds4 ,! _m evils :i* w\ld ?us arise f l[]+ our ideal ,/&>d = ?is magnific5t v>iety 7 s obvi\s t ! memb]s ( t ,association promptly reject$ ! resolution at a lat] meet+ 9 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,we "k n :e!r mo/ to blame ! futile ef=ts ( ,mr4 ,fel* to accommodate ! v>iety to ! wants ( a few incompet5t bre$]s1 or to applaud ! wisdom ( our bre?r5 ( ! ,a4 ,p4 ,a4 9 8squel*+0 su* innovations4 ,!y surely h ! ?anks ( all hone/ bre$]s ( ,black ,hamburgs1 :i* c be br$ black z well z any o!r v>iety ( black f[ls1 if we only h pati5ce & hone/ly /rive to eradicate ?is s]i\s fault1 :i*1 if all[$1 w\ld "w to ! disadvantage ( all4 ,comb4--,!re is no /yle ( comb s difficult to bre$ to p]fection z ! rose comb1 & ! excell5t combs %[n on ,black & ,spangl$ ,hamburgs at our rec5t %[s prove h[ mu* c be accompli%$ by judici\s bre$+4 ,to our eye x is beautiful & elegant1 & =ms "o ( ! *ief attractions ( ! ,hamburg4 ,x %\ld be a deep1 ri* r$2 n s l>ge z to ov]hang ! eyes or beak2 squ>e 9 front2 fitt+ close & /raight on ! head2 n incl9+ to "o side2 n holl[ 9 ! c5t]--on ! contr>y1 we pref] a slight rise 9 ! c5t]1 al?\gh an ev5 comb ?r\gh\t is bett]4 ,x %\ld be uni=m on ea* side2 ! top cov]$ ) small po9ts1 & t]m9at+ 9 a spike beh9d1 :i* incl9es upw>d v slightly4 ,! abs5ce ( ?is spike is a grave defect1 :i* if a natural blemi% disqualifies a bird by ! ,am]ican ,/&>d ( ,excell5ce1 z does likewise a comb s l>ge z to ob/ruct ! sight4 ,e>-,lobes4--,! e>-lobe is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ features ( ! ,black ,hamburg1 & 9 connection ) ! bright r$ comb & gre5i% plumage1 =m a t\t ensemble su* z no "o c see )\t admir+4 ,! e>-lobe on ! old ,black ,hamburgs 0 small] ?an x is n[adays1 al?\gh x is noticeable t ^? birds :i* h be5 kept pure h a small] & f9] e>-lobe ?an ^? :i* 7 cross$ ) ! ,spani%4 ,z we h be=e obs]v$1 ,mr4 ,beldon 79 common ) "s o!r bre$]s1 :o all ought to "k bett]7 has ?\ght t ! :ite e>-lobe 0 only introduc$ by ! ,spani% cross1 an error :i* we h furni%$ abundant evid5ce to refute2 s t really all t 0 ga9$ by ?is unnecess>y cross 0 a l>ge1 p5d5t e>-lobe1 :i* is totally at v>iance ) our accept$ ideas z to :at a ,hamburg e>-lobe %\ld be4 ,x has be5 all[$ by mo/ judges1 until q rec5tly1 to be a little l>g] 9 ! ,blacks ?an 9 any o!r v>iety ( ,hamburgs1 b x mu/ be pure :ite1 well r\nd$1 ly+ smoo?ly & close to ! face1 l a piece ( :ite kid glove1 & ! small] ! bett]4 ,a l>ge1 p5d5t e>-lobe1 l t ( ! ,spani% & ,leghorns1 is c]ta9ly a grave blemi%2 nor %\ld x be wr9kl$ or puffy1 or at all t+$ ) r$ ab\t ! edges4 ,! ,face4--,"o ( our *ief difficulties 9 bre$+ ,hamburgs is ! t5d5cy to :ite 9 ! face1 :i* %\ld be a deep1 ri* crimson1 almo/ sc>let4 ,a :ite face is a positive disqualification1 & a d>k gypsy face mu* to be avoid$4 ,bo? ^! latt] defects owe _! orig9 to ! ,spani% cross1 al?\gh :ite specks 9 ! face w (t5 appe> 9 pure-br$ birds z !y advance 9 age4 ,by c>eful bre$+1 & judici\sly select+ ^? cocks :i* reta9 a pure r$ face1 ?is may be entirely br$ out1 :ile bre$+ f birds %[+ ! :ite face fixes ! defect 9 ! prog5y1 & causes mu* tr\ble to ! bre$] be=e x c be eradicat$4 ,x is r>e to f9d a two or ?ree-ye>-old cock :i* does n %[ a pat* ( :ite "u ! eye or ne> ! e>-lobe2 b ! grav] & m common ! fault1 ! m pa9s %\ld be tak5 to bre$ x out1 & we h no d\bt b ! "t w soon come :5 su* a ?+ z a :ite-speck$ face 9 ! %[ room w be unkn[n4 ,we tru/ ef=ts w be made 9 ?is direction4 ,legs & ,tail4--,! legs %\ld be a d>k1 lead5 blue1 approa*+ black1 9 "y birds1 z ! t5d5cy is to gr[ light ) age4 ,light blue legs 9 a cock]el or pullet are v objectionable4 ,! tail 9 male birds %\ld be long1 well curv$1 & graceful1 fl[+ r backw>d f ! rump4 ,a squirrel tail is a grave fault--a disqualification1 9 fact--z is also a wry tail or "o c>ri$ con/antly to "o side4 ,wry tails h v>i\s causes1 orig9at+ sometimes f accid5t1 b !y are (t5 h]$it>y1 & wry-tail$ birds %\ld nev] be us$ = bre$+4 ,(t5 ! cramp$ qu>t]s ( an exhibition coop w r5d] a bird tempor>ily wry-tail$1 or r induce x = a "t to c>ry x to "o side4 ,?is w usually disappe> :5 ! bird is giv5 full range1 b is q an un=tunate circum/ance1 z a prize bird is (t5 ?r[n out on ?is acc\nt4 ,symmetry4--,?is means a great deal 9 ,hamburgs2 & z no bre$ is m symmetrical or graceful 9 =m1 p>ticul> pa9s %\ld be tak5 to prev5t !m f runn+ into a ,game or ,dork+ %ape4 ,we h (t5 se5 bre$]s s5d birds to ! %[ room :i* 7 good 9 all o!r po9ts1 b mo/ deg5]ate 9 symmetry4 ,we he>d a prom95t judge say lately t 8symmetry c\ld n be express$2 x 0 some?+ ab\t :i* e man _h 8 own ideas1 & appli$ to birds accord+ to 8 judgm5t40 ,ea* bre$ has its di/9ct symmetry ( proportions1 & x w\ld be no m absurd to expect a ,co*9 %ape on a ,hamburg ?an x is to admit a ,hamburg to be well proportion$ ) ! sl5d] neck1 long legs1 & high /ation ( a ,game1 or ! heavy1 squ>e & dumpy appe>ance ( ! ,dork+4 ,9 fact !y mu/ be real ,hamburgs 9 %ape2 neck m$ium l5g?1 & c>ri$ well ov] ! back2 back n v long or v %ort2 brea/ full1 prom95t & wide2 w+s good size1 ! po9ts c>ri$ comp>atively l[2 tail ample & well spread out1 & c>ri$ r erect2 ?ighs well r\nd$ & ( m$ium l5g?2 %anks sl5d]1 smoo? & neat2 c>riage %[+ gracefulness & activity4 ,by no means mu/ !y c>ry ! idea ( be+ ,black ,dork+s1 or ,rose-comb$ ,spani%1 or worse yet1 untrimm$ ,games4 ,avoid also n>r[ bodies & :ip tails4 ,po9ts 9 ,bre$+ ,black ,hamburgs4--,9 mat+ any v>iety = bre$+1 ! faults to :i* !y are mo/ liable %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 & ! bre$]'s "o idea be to bre$ !m out1 & s p]fect ! birds z mu* z possible4 ,?is 9 "s in/ances may take ye>s ( c>eful & pa9/ak+ mat+s2 ye>s ( disappo9tm5t & *agr9 may foll[1 z we see ! defects /ill cropp+ out1 & realize ! failure ( all our c>efully-laid plans4 ,b h[ glori\s is ! feel+ enjoy$ by ! fanci] :5 at la/ skill triumphs1 & he beholds 9 a num]\s & ne>ly p]fect$ prog5y ! result ( ye>s ( toil & /udy4 ,!n x is t he hies him joyfully to ! %[ room2 !n x is t he triumphs ov] ! bre$] :o has s long pluck$ ! premiums f "u 8 nose2 & z he returns home1 aft] enjoy+ 8 fir/ g5u9e success1 8 ?\ghts are employ$ z to ! be/ means ( fur!r improv+ 8 birds2 & to su* m5--/udi\s1 pa9/ak+ & p]sev]+--we owe t p]fection 9 our dome/ic f[ls :i* is s a/oni%+1 consid]+ ! %ort "t t has be5 devot$ to _! improvem5t1 & :i* ought to conv9ce u h[ pliable & pla/ic fancy p\ltry is 9 ! h&s ( an intellig5t bre$]4 ,d n be disc\rag$ by failure at fir/--keep try+1 & ! "t mu/ & w come :5 y\r ef=ts %all be cr[n$ ) success4 ,black ,hamburgs are n a v difficult f[l to bre$1 :5 y g ab\t x und]/&+ly4 ,9 select+ bre$+ /ock1 we aga9 say1 be> 9 m9d ! defects to :i* !y are heir--namely1 badly-%ap$ combs1 :ite faces1 p5d5t & ov]-siz$ e>-lobes1 legg9ess1 & :ite or r$ fea!rs4 ,at %[s color 9 cocks is n reg>d$ s mu* z x is 9 pullets--n ne>ly s mu* z x ought to be4 8,al?\gh10 says ,mr4 ,s]geantson1 8o!r ?+s be+ equal1 color w c>ry ! day40 ,!re=e = bre$+ cock]els1 *oose ! be/ comb$ birds2 good1 r$ faces1 free f :ite2 r\nd1 small e>-lobes2 free f r$ or color$ fea!rs 9 any "p ( ! plumage1 & %ort legs1 broad brea/ & back4 ,squirrel tails result q (t5 f n>r[-bodi$ birds1 & ?is1 besides be+ v objectionable1 is h]$it>y1 s be> ?is la/ requisite well 9 m9d4 ,we h said no?+ ab\t color 9 ?is mat+1 = ! reason t x is n consid]$ ( s mu* consequ5ce 9 cock]els z 9 pullets2 b if1 ) ! above requisites1 y c f9d a male bird ) good color1 y may bre$ 9 ! prog5y ?is v desirable quality4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,silv]-,,spangl$ ,,hamburgs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,n[ = pullet bre$+ 7if y are able to h two p5s2 if n1 *oose ! above mat+71 x is absolutely requisite t 9 addition to ! above qualifications1 or z _m ( !m z c be obta9$1 a cock be f\nd :i* has a brilliant lu/] to 8 plumage4 ,z we h intimat$1 x is v difficult to f9d a cock ) ?is brilliant plumage )\t a t\* ( r$ 9 hackle4 ,if y c obta9 him1 well & good2 if n1 be> 9 m9d ! r$ fea!rs1 b use him1 = color 9 cock y mu/ h above any o!r consid]ation = bre$+ pullets4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,s]geantson1 :om we h be=e quot$1 & :o _h great] success ?an any o!r ,engli% bre$] ) ?is v>iety1 entirely agrees ) u 9 ?is4 ,he says3 8,i w\ld mu* r *oose = ! purpose a r$-hackl$ cock1 if good 9 o!r respects1 ?an a dull-color$ "o4 ,i h (t5 br$ beautiful1 lu/r\s pullets f h5s ) v little color1 :5 mat$ ) a bright cock2 b nev] f a dull-color$ cock1 h[ev] lu/r\s ! h5s ) him might be40 ,moreov]1 9 ?is p51 *oose birds ) small or mod]ately siz$ combs1 z !re is a g5]al t5d5cy 9 combs ( pullets to lop ov]1 if br$ too l>ge4 ,d n be disc\rag$1 if y _c obta9 all ^! po9ts at once2 get z ne> to x z possible2 & e succe$+ ye> w f9d y draw+ ne>] & ne>] to t desir$ goal--p]fection4 ,,! ,,silv]-,,spangl$ ,,hamburg4 ,?is v>iety is probably z well kn[n & g5]ally br$ z any v>iety ( fancy p\ltry we h1 & its cont9u$ popul>ity is conclusive pro( ( ! high e/imation 9 :i* x is held by fanci]s ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,to ! c\nties ( ,lanca%ire & ,york%ire ! ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs owe _! pres5t /ate ( p]fection1 al?\gh ,am]ican bre$]s h done m 9 tw5ty ye>s to p]fect _! combs1 e>-lobes & face ?an ,engli% fanci]s h be5 able to accompli% 9 twice t "t4 ,! plumage is ess5tially ,engli%1 & to ,engli% fanci]s is due ! cr$it = p]fect+ _! beautiful m>k+s4 ,9 fact1 !y 7 br\ght to a high /&>d ( excell5ce 9 ,lanca%ire long be=e ! fir/ p\ltry %[2 & ?is /&>d 0 cle>ly def9$ & adh]$ to by fanci]s1 :o 7 *>y ab\t admitt+ innovations z to _! ideas4 ,!y 7 orig9ally call$ ,silv] ,pheasants 9 ,york%ire1 & ,silv] ,mooneys 9 ,lanca%ire4 ,^! latt]1 :ile ! mo/ num]\s & be/ br$1 admitt$ only h5-fea!r$ cocks1 & 7 br\ght to a high /ate ( p]fection4 ,mr4 ,beldon says3 8,"s ( ! old ,mooneys 7 absolute p]fection 9 po9t ( fea!r2 ! spangl+1 s l>ge1 r\nd & ri* 9 color1 0 really some?+ to be wond]$ at1 & %[s a skill & en?usiasm 9 bre$+ :i*1 9 ! abs5ce ( public %[s 9 ^? days1 has ab\t x some?+ ( ! m>vel\s40 ,:5 p\ltry %[s fir/ came into fa%ion ^! ,mooneys receiv$ ! lion's %>e ( ! aw>ds at all ! exhibitions1 until x came to be consid]$ utt] fooli%ness to pit any k9d ( f[l aga9/ !m1 & !y enjoy$ _! exalt$ position = sev]al ye>s unmole/$4 ,at ! expiration ( ?is "t1 h[ev]1 bre$]s ( ! ,mooneys 7 ?r[n into confusion by ! sudd5 & unanim\s decree ( ! judges t ^! 8h5-fea!r$ ,mooneys0 7 all humbug1 & n 8! correct ?+10 inasmu* z s _m ( ^! 8h5-fea!r$0 cocks prov$ unprolific or imp]fect t long-tail$ birds 7 secretly us$ to keep up ! bre$4 ,!re 0 s mu* evid5t tru? 9 ?is t ! /ruggle1 ?\gh %>p1 0 ( %ort duration2 ! judges triumph$1 & ! reign ( ! ,silv] ,mooneys z %[ birds 0 ov]1 :ile ! /> ( ! ,silv] ,pheasants /eadily rose1 until no?+ 0 recogniz$ b ! full-plumag$ cocks1 ?\gh ! h5s /ill lack$ ! nice spangl+ :i* _h r5d]$ ! ,lanca%ire birds s mu* admir$1 ! spangles be+ small & indi/9ct4 ,x may be well to /ate "h t ! ,york%ire birds 7 ! orig9al v>iety1 ! excell5ce 9 spangl+ atta9$ by ! ,lanca%ire fanci]s be+ ! result ( judici\s bre$+4 ,! ,york%ire birds _h bett] symmetry1 :it] e>-lobes1 small] combs & cle>] tails1 & x is f !m t our mod]n ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs are desc5d$4 ,!y are fully up to ! o!r v>ieties 9 productiv5ess1 & possess all ! good traits ( ! bre$1 :ile _! exce$+ beauty r5d]s !m rem>kably attractive4 ,plumage4--,( c\rse ! spangl+ 9 ! ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburg is ( prim>y importance1 & %\ld be reg>d$ ) ! utmo/ c>e4 ,z ! spangl+ diff]s 9 ! sexes1 we %all be oblig$ to describe !m sep>ately4 ,cock4--,! neck-hackle %\ld be abundant1 desc5d+ well ov] ! %\ld]s1 & 9 color1 silv]y-:ite 7any approa* to a yell[i% t+e to be c>efully avoid$71 ! long] fea!rs end+ 9 a small diamond-%ap$ spangle1 & pres5t+ a beautiful ray$ appe>ance ab\t ! %\ld]s4 ,! back & saddle %\ld h ! same g5]al /yle ( fea!rs1 pure :ite 9 color1 except ! small spangle ne> ! end z 9 ! neck-hackle1 avoid+ any appe>ance ( ! yell[i% t+e4 ,! brea/ fea!rs %\ld be pure silv]y-:ite1 ea* fea!r end+ ) a well-def9$1 r\nd1 l>ge-siz$ gre5i%-black spangle or moon1 %[+ z little :ite on ! tip z possible1 ! spangles increas+ 9 size 9 proportion z ! fea!r increases 9 size4 ,! body & w+-fea!rs mu/ h a simil> moon-%ap$ spangle4 ,!re is a t5d5cy to indi/9ct or smutty m>k+s 9 ! tail1 :i* %\ld be avoid$4 ,! moons on ! brea/-fea!rs %\ld be j l>ge en\gh to give ! brea/ a spangl$ appe>ance1 by all[+ a little ( ! :ite beyond ea* moon to %[4 ,! moons1 if too l>ge1 give ! brea/ a moss$ or black appe>ance1 :i* is a defect4 ,! spangles on great] & less] w+-cov]ts =m two di/9ct b>s across ! w+1 :i* is v requisite 9 a well-m>k$ bird4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid cle> :ite fea!rs 9 back & saddle1 z !y are v liable to appe> 9 light-color$ birds4 ,h54--,! neck-hackle %\ld be compos$ ( cle>1 silv]y-:ite fea!rs1 ea* pla9ly /rip$ ne> ! end ) gre5i%-black4 ,! back1 brea/ & body %\ld be cle> :ite1 ea* fea!r di/9ctly spangl$ ) a l>ge1 r\nd & gre5i%-black moon1 z l>ge z possible )\t ! spangles runn+ toge!r & giv+ a mossy or black appe>ance 9 places4 ,! half-moon spangle %\ld be avoid$ ) mu* c>e 9 all fea!rs except ! w+-second>ies1 :]e x is all[able 9 bo? sexes4 ,! w+-cov]ts1 great] or less]1 %\ld be cle>1 silv]y-:ite1 t]m9at+ 9 a l>ge1 gre5i%-black1 r\nd spangle1 & =m+ two p>allel b>s1 di/9ctly m>k$1 across ! w+4 ,x is difficult to f9d a p]fectly spangl$ tail )\t "s black or smutty color 9 ! ma9 body ( ! fea!rs2 ?is is n s p]si/5t a defect 9 ! h5 z 9 ! cock1 & c be br$ out ( bo?1 if prop] c>e is tak54 ,! fea!rs on ! ?ighs %\ld be z di/9ct z possible1 c>e be+ tak5 to prev5t a mossy or lac$ appe>ance4 ,no?+ c be m beautiful ?an a f9ely-spangl$ ,silv] ,hamburg1 & :5 a p]fect spangl+ is once atta9$1 x is easily cont9u$ 9 ! prog5y4 ,lac$ or half-moon fea!rs are a great eye-sore to ! fanci]1 & are (t5 v tr\blesome1 al?\gh p]haps n m s ?an ! indi/9ct m>k+s on ! tail1 once s common1 b :i* is n[ be+ replac$ by cle>1 well-spangl$ tails--ano!r evid5ce ( skillful bre$+4 ,o!r ,po9ts4--,! comb 9 ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs %\ld resemble exactly t describ$ 9 our section on ,black ,hamburgs4 ,! e>-lobe %\ld also be ! same1 b is m easily br$ to p]fection 9 ! ,spangl$ ?an 9 ! ,black v>iety1 be+ naturally r small] & smoo!r2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 m liable to r$ edges4 ,!re is ! same t5d5cy to :ite 9 ! face 9 ,silv]-,spangl$ z 9 ,black ,hamburgs1 al?\gh 9 a less] degree1 & !re surely is no excuse = its cropp+ out "h1 if ord9>y c>e is tak5 to prev5t x4 ,! c>riage ( ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs is graceful 9 ! extreme & con/itutes "o ( _! *ief attractions2 inde$1 we ?9k !y are among ! mo/ /yli% birds we h4 ,! legs %\ld be sl5d]1 neat & clean1 ( m$ium l5g?1 & 9 color1 blue or slaty-blue4 ,we h already describ$ :at con/itutes good symmetry 9 a ,hamburg2 let x suffice to say t ! ,silv]-,spangl$ are ess5tially ,hamburg 9 ?is respect4 ,! disqualifications to :i* ?is v>iety is liable are abs5ce ( ! w+-b>s1 m>k+s :olly cresc5t-%ap$ or ( ! half-moon "*1 solid black brea/s1 lac$ fea!rs1 squirrel tails1 r$ e>-lobes1 & ! abs5ce ( spike 9 comb1 cocks h5-fea!r$4 ,! beak %\ld be horn-color1 & ! eyes a d>k hazel4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid a black fluff 9 ei!r sex1 z x is an especial abom9ation to ! intellig5t fanci]4 ,po9ts 9 ,bre$+ ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs4--,we are oblig$ to ackn[l$ge t unless y h a ?or\gh k ( ! /ra9 y are bre$+ f1 !re is consid]able guess-"w necess>y 9 *oos+ a ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburg cock = bre$+2 = ! reason t1 unlike mo/ f[ls1 !re are frequ5t cases :]e a f9ely-m>k$ cock w fail to ?r[ a good p]c5tage ( well-m>k$ *icks 9 8 prog5y4 ,s1 if y fail to procure a good bre$] at fir/1 y mu/ try aga94 ,9 ! fir/ place1 select a cock ) good comb & e>-lobes1 z mu* spangl+ 9 back & saddle z possible1 good w+-b>s1 & cle> tail2 9 fact1 a good1 deep-color$ %[ cock1 & put him to ! v be/ h5s y c get4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid any grave faults on ei!r side1 su* z smudgy m>k+s1 poor e>-lobes1 or ov]hang+1 co>se combs4 ,n[ see :at y c d ) ?is mat+4 ,if y get a fair proportion ( well-m>k$ *icks1 /ick to ?is p5 z long z !y w bre$1 or ! eggs are f]tile1 = x is n e lot t bre$s well toge!r4 ,if y f9d t y are n gett+ a good proportion ( fairly-m>k$ birds1 y mu/ *ange ! cock1 procur+ "o f ano!r /ra91 & try y\r luck ) him1 p]sev]+ until y get :at y desire4 ,9 all v>ieties ( f[ls !re are "s /ra9s t w produce bett] cock]els ?an pullets1 & vice v]sa1 & ,hamburgs are no exception to ! g5]al rule4 ,y may1 !re=e1 f9d x to y\r advantage to bre$ f two diff]5t y>ds1 provid$ y h suffici5t room & ! means ( procur+ ! prop] birds4 ,if a p5 bre$s excell5t cock]els b poor pullets1 keep t p5 = cock]el bre$+1 z x is f> bett] to bre$ good birds ( "o sex ?an middl+ birds ( bo? sexes1 ev5 if y h b "o p54 ,:5 y h a good p5 ( cock]el gett]s1 beg9 to look ab\t = a y>d :i* w bre$ f9e pullets4 ,a little pati5ce & p]sev]ance w be amply repaid :5 at la/ y f9d y\rself successful2 & :5 y d get :at y want1 /ick to x6 ,our in/ructions = mat+ ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs are 9 toto z m9ute z ev] h or c be giv51 = ! simple reason1 z we h said1 t y\r fir/ mat+s 7unless y "k ! /ra9 well7 mu/ be greatly influ5c$ by *ance4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,gold5-,,spangl$ ,,hamburgs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,we might add t :5ev] y select a cock = bre$+1 *oose "o ( z mu* heal? & vigor z y c f9d possess+ ! o!r requisite po9ts1 = we believe t no?+ contributes m to di/9ct m>k+s 9 *ick5s ?an p>5ts t c give !m vigor\s con/itutions & h>dy *>act]i/ics4 ,,gold5-,,spangl$ ,,hamburgs4 ,ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 :5 p\ltry %[s fir/ came into fa%ion1 !re 7 two k9ds ( ,gold5-,spangl$ ,hamburgs4 ,"o 0 call$ ! ,gold5 ,pheasants1 & 0 a f9e1 l>ge bird1 b z a rule ! cocks 7 h5-fea!r$4 ,! spangl+ 0 v f9e1 & ! gr\ndwork a dull bay1 b !re 0 a great deal ( smut 9 all _! m>k+s4 ,!y 7 good lay]s1 _h :ite e>-lobes1 & mod]ately good combs4 ,! o!r v>iety 7 call$ ,gold5 ,mooneys1 & 9 color & m>k+s 7 v sup]ior to ! ,gold5 ,pheasants4 ,mr4 ,beldon1 9 8,wright's ,p\ltry ,book10 says3 8,i %all nev] =get my feel+s ( pleasure on fir/ see+ ! ,gold5 ,mooney h54 ,%e /ruck me z be+ some?+ wond]ful4 ,! gr\nd color ( ! plumage 9 ^! f[ls is ( ! v ri*e/ bay1 ! spangl+ v bold & cle>1 & ( a gre51 sat9-look+ black2 9 fact1 ! plumage 0 s ri* & glossy t ! full beauty ( x c\ld n be se51 except 9 ! sun%9e1 b :5 x 0 se51 x =m$ a picture nev] to be =gott54 ,i am "h speak+ ( ! h52 ! cock's plumage 0 also ( ! v ri*e/ description40 ,! cocks1 h[ev]1 _h solid black brea/s & _! e>-lobes consi/$ ( little m ?an a bit ( r$ sk91 su* z we see ^u ,games4 ,by degrees1 z h5-fea!r$ cocks & r$ e>-lobes came to be consid]$ great blemi%es1 ^! two v>ieties 7 br$ toge!r1 & f !m is d]iv$ our mod]n ,gold5-,spangl$ ,hamburgs4 ,!y are a little l>g] ?an ! ,silv]-,spangl$2 b1 :ile !y lay a trifle l>g] egg1 d n produce q s _m ( !m4 ,!y are v h>dy1 & exce$+ly attractive 9 appe>ance1 be+ ! ri*e/ color$ ( any v>iety ( ! ,hamburgs1 except+ ! ,black4 ,plumage4--,! plumage ( ! ,gold5-,spangl$ ,hamburgs diff]s 9 _m respects f t ( ! ,silv]-,spangl$4 ,! gr\nd color is a ri*1 deep gold5-bay1 & %\ld be z ev5 ?r\gh\t z possible4 ,!re is a t5d5cy to run light] 9 color "u ! brea/ & body4 ,?is is a s]i\s blemi%4 ,! neck-hackle1 in/ead ( be+ spangl$1 z 9 ! ,silv] v>iety1 has a long black /ripe runn+ ! entire l5g? ( ! fea!r to ! extremity ( ! tip4 ,?is /ripe %\ld be a glossy1 gre5i%-black1 /&+ out well def9$ f ! gr\nd color1 & n cl\d$4 ,! saddle is compos$ ( simil> fea!rs4 ,bo? saddle & hackle %\ld be abundant1 ! latt] fl[+ well ov] ! %\ld]s1 especially 9 ! cocks--( c\rse ! females h no saddles4 ,! brea/1 back & body fea!rs %\ld be a ri*1 gold5-bay1 ea* fea!r end+ ) a l>ge1 di/9ct1 r\nd1 black spangle1 hav+ a ri* gre5i% lu/]4 ,! w+ prim>ies & second>ies 9 ! cock are bay on ! out] web1 & black on ! inn] web1 ea* fea!r end+ ) a black1 metallic cresc5t4 ,on ! h5 ! prim>ies & second>ies are a cle> gold5-bay1 ea* fea!r end+ ) a black1 metallic cresc5t4 ,! w+-b[s %\ld be a cle>1 deep gold5-bay1 ea* fea!r tipp$ ) a l>ge1 r\nd1 gre5i%-black spangle2 ! great] & less] w+-cov]ts a cle> gold5-bay1 ea* fea!r end+ ) a l>ge1 oblong1 gre5i%-black spangle1 =m+ two di/9ct b>s1 p>allel across ! w+4 ,! tail %\ld be a ri* gre5i%-black 9 bo? sexes1 full & well exp&$4 ,9 cocks ! sickles are well curv$ & glossy1 & ! tail-fea!rs abundant & ( a ri*1 metallic lu/]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common defects 9 ?is v>iety is fea!rs tipp$ beyond ! spangle ) a small edg+ ( bay or :ite2 sometimes bo? appe>1 "o beyond ! o!r4 ,al?\gh ?is is to be avoid$1 x is n a direct disqualification4 ,we h (t5 se5 x appe> ^u old birds ^: plumage 0 previ\sly entirely innoc5t ( su* m>k+s1 & x is r>e1 inde$1 to f9d a pair ( old exhibition birds entirely )\t x1 to say no?+ ( bre$+ f[ls4 ,x makes its appe>ance *iefly ^u ! brea/ & body1 b is also frequ5tly se5 9 ! hackle4 ,we hope to see ! "t :5 ?is defect %all be :olly eradicat$4 ,! :ite tips are ! mo/ objectionable1 b are ne>ly z common z ! bay edg+s to ! spangles4 ,! entire plumage %\ld be close & glossy1 & v ri* & uni=m 9 color & m>k+s4 ,o!r ,po9ts4--,! comb on ,gold5-,spangl$ ,hamburgs is liable to be co>se & l>ge1 al?\gh 9 f9ely-br$ birds we (t5 f9d z good combs z are ev] se5 ^u ! o!r v>ieties4 ,a t5d5cy to r$ edg+s 9 e>-lobes 7:i* %\ld be a pure :ite7 is also to be avoid$4 ,9 size ?is v>iety surpasses ! ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs1 b !y lose 9 symmetry usually :at !y ga9 9 size1 consequ5tly symmetry is a po9t :i* %\ld be c>efully look$ aft]4 ,!re is n mu* t5d5cy to :ite face1 :i* is seldom obs]v$ 9 birds ( ?is v>iety4 ,! legs %\ld be ( m$ium l5g?1 %anks clean & sl5d]1 & 9 color lead5-blue4 ,! tail is "o ( _! *ief beauties1 & %\ld claim mu* att5tion f ! bre$]1 c>e be+ tak5 to gu>d aga9/ wry or squirrel tails1 :i* are v liable to desc5d to ! (fspr+4 ,po9ts 9 mat+ ,gold5-,spangl$ ,hamburgs4--,we d n "k ( a s+le case :]e any "o has giv5 in/ructions = mat+ ?is v>iety :i* are at all cle> or def9ite1 or (f] ! slighte/ assi/ance to ! bre$]4 ,ev5 our di/+ui%$ ,engli% contempor>ies give x up 9 despair4 ,"o ( our correspond5ts writes z foll[s3 8,at a l>ge exhibition sev]al ye>s ago we inquir$ ( a g5tleman :o _h won ne>ly all ! aw>ds on ,gold5 ,spangles--& ) excell5tly m>k$ birds1 too--:at 8 sy/em or mat+ 0 by :i* he procur$ su* f9e birds4 ,) some?+ t resembl$ a sne] at our rem>ks1 he said3 #8,i let !m bre$ !mselves6' ,we _h !n be5 try+ our be/ = "s "t to /udy ! *>act]i/ics ( ! bre$1 9 ord] to obta9 "s clue by :i* to mate !m prop]ly2 & ?is rem>k1 toge!r ) ! liv+ pro(s ( ! good results ( su* indiscrim9ate mat+s be=e our eyes1 we mu/ confess r /agg]$ u4 ,we w5t home & c>efully ?\ght x ov]1 & adh]+ to our =m] notions t sci5ce w\ld f9ally triumph1 we p]sev]$ 9 our exp]im5tal mat+s1 & _h ! pleasure two ye>s aft] ( defeat+ ! same bre$] mo/ ?or\ghly 9 ! %[ room4 ,8 birds 7 by ?is "t little m ?an mongrels--! result ( 8 plan to #8let !m bre$ !mselves6'0 ,9 bre$+ ?is v>iety !re %\ld be two p5s--"o to bre$ males1 & "o females4 ,9 bre$+ = cock]els1 select a l>ge1 well-m>k$ cock1 ^: gr\nd color is a deep1 ri* gold5-bay ?r\gh\t1 free f smutty or cl\dy m>k+s1 ) f9e1 glossy plumage1 ! spangles ( :i* possess 9 a high degree ! beautiful metallic1 gre5i% lu/]4 ,) him mate pullets ( m$ium color 7c>e be+ tak5 n to h !m too light or d>k 9 ! gr\nd color71 ^: spangles are l>ge & di/9ct1 )\t runn+ into ea* o!r & giv+ !m an undesirable spott$ appe>ance4 ,^! pullets %\ld possess good glossy plumage1 b size is n requisite1 nor ne$ !y necess>ily h extra-f9e combs & e>-lobes1 provid$ ! cock possesses ^! desirable qualities 9 a m>k$ degree1 = x is f him t ^! qualities are inh]it$1 :ile ! pullet furni%es ! color & m>k+s 9 a great] degree4 ,especial pa9s %\ld be tak5 to *oose a cock ) a small1 f9e comb & pure :ite e>-lobes1 :5 !y c be f\nd 9 connection ) ! requisite po9ts m5tion$4 ,9 bre$+ = pullets *oose a d>k-color$ cock]el1 ) good e>-lobes1 small comb & good symmetry1 & simply mate him ) ! v be/ h5s y c f9d4 ,!re is a t5d5cy 9 h5s ( ?is v>iety to become a r dull1 light bay 9 gr\nd color z !y gr[ ag$--^! are ! v h5s to mate ) ! above-describ$ cock]el4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to procure ! v be/ comb1 e>-lobes1 & symmetry y c f9d4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,silv]-,,p5cil$ ,,hamburgs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,) ^! mat+s y c h>dly fail to bre$ a good proportion ( f9e *icks2 b1 z we h said 9 connection ) ! ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs1 y may n f9d a cock at fir/ t w prove a good bre$]4 ,if n1 y mu/ keep on try+4 ,9 bo? ! v>ieties ( ,spangl$ ,hamburgs ! /ra9 has a great deal to d 9 furni%+ good bre$]s4 8,blood w tell20 & we %\ld call ! att5tion ( ! bre$] ( bo? ^! v>ieties to ! necessity ( e/abli%+ a /ra9 ( 8 own z soon z possible1 ^: good qualities he w be able to "k ?or\ghly1 & ^: bad ones he w promptly recognize & endeavor to c\nt]balance by prop] mat+s4 ,,silv]-,,p5cil$ ,,hamburgs4 ,we h already /at$ t ! ,p5cil$ ,hamburgs 7 import$ into ,engl& f ,holl&1 :]e !y fir/ attract$ ! att5tion ( ,engli% fanci]s1 & al?\gh !re c be no possible d\bt 9 ! m9d ( an intellig5t obs]v] t !y orig9ally possess$1 ) ! ,spangl$ & ,black v>ieties1 a common prog5itor1 /ill !y possess sev]al di/9ctly diff]5t *>act]i/ics4 ,?is is ow+1 no d\bt1 to _! be+ s long br$ & und\bt$ly p]fect$ 9 a diff]5t c\ntry & by a diff]5t class ( p4 ,^! diff]5ces consi/ *iefly 9 a small] & f9] =m ?an ! ,spangl$ & ,blacks--a small] head1 a sm>t] appe>ance1 & p]haps m activity1 _! motions be+ v quick & graceful4 ,t !y are great lay]s ( a small b exquisitely :ite & f9ely-flavor$ egg is prov]bial1 & on _! fir/ introduction into ,engl& ?is quality procur$ = !m ! title ( 8,dut* ev]la/+ lay]s40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,creoles4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburg is a v beautiful bird1 & is greatly admir$ by e "o :o c see any beauty at all 9 a f9ely-m>k$ & gracefully =m$ f[l4 ,inde$1 we believe t !y h ! mo/ f9i%$ appe>ance ( any f[l1 _! m>k+s be+ s f9e & regul> t !re seems no?+ m to be desir$ to entitle !m to ! palm = beauty4 ,?is v>iety1 besides ! "n :i* we h giv51 7 also call$ 8,*ittiprats10 & /ill lat]1 8,bolton ,grays10 "u :i* "n !y 7 widely dissem9at$1 & ev5 yet we believe t 9 "s sections !y /ill reta9 ?is appellation1 al?\gh all o!r names are v rapidly giv+ way to t ( ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs4 8,creole0 0 a "n also appli$ to a v>iety ( ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs1 ! m>k+s ( ! fea!rs ( :i* 7 v simil> to ^? ( ! /&>d ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs 7see cut74 ,! 8,bolton ,grays0 7 simply ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs 8run to se$10 ! p5cil+s be+ mossy or smutty4 ,!y are a num]\s & attractive class at our p\ltry exhibitions1 & are ga9+ gr\nd ye>ly 9 popul> favor2 we h ev5 kn[n in/ances :]e bre$]s ( ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs h disc>d$ !m 9 favor ( ! ,p5cil$ v>ieties1 al?\gh we ?9k t ! =m]1 9 _! way1 are fully z beautiful & desirable4 ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs1 z *icks1 are q t5d]1 b :5 fully fea!r$ !y are z little liable to disease z any f[l we "k (4 ,!y are great =ag]s1 & w almo/ keep !mselves1 ) good range1 be+ happy & cont5t$ any:]e & %ell+ out quantities ( eggs "u mo/ adv]se circum/ances4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,bolton ,,grays4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,plumage4--,9 ! male bird ! plumage ( ! head1 hackle1 back1 saddle1 brea/ & ?ighs1 %\ld be a cle>1 silv]y-:ite4 ,! yell[i% t+e s (t5 se5 ^u ^! fea!rs is a v grave fault1 & "o t w n be tol]at$ by a good judge4 ,!re is (t5 a t5d5cy to p5cil$ or smutty m>k+s on ! "u-color ( ! back--t is1 x c only be se5 by rais+ ! top fea!rs4 ,?is is also a s]i\s defect1 & %\ld be avoid$4 ,! tail prop] is black1 ! sickles & tail-cov]ts be+ a ri* gre5-black1 ) a f9e & di/9ct edg+ ( :ite4 ,?is is ! mo/ difficult po9t to obta9 9 ! plumage ( ! entire bird 9 any degree ( p]fection--inde$1 a p]fectly-m>k$ tail is seldom se5 9 a cock4 ,"s birds h m>bl$ tails2 o!rs h ! sickles spla%$ ) :ite1 :i* is equally objectionable1 z ! only :ite :i* %\ld be 9 ! tail is ! cle> edg+4 ,! w+ appe>s almo/ :ite :5 clos$2 b ! inn] webs ( ! w+-cov]ts %\ld be d>kly p5cil$4 ,a f9e black edg+ %\ld be obs]v$ on ! w+-cov]ts1 caus$ by ! ends ( ! out] webs be+ also slightly tipp$ ) black1 :i* gives ! appe>ance ( a slight & indi/9ct b> on ! w+4 ,?is po9t %\ld be di/9ctly obs]vable1 b n too co>se or heavy4 ,! color ( ! second>y quills is also important4 ,!y %\ld be :ite on ! out] web1 except a n>r[ /rip ( black next ! quill1 only se5 :5 ! w+ is op5$ out1 ! w+ appe>+ :ite :5 clos$4 ,! inn] web is black1 except a n>r[ :ite or gray edg+4 ,! fluff %\ld be slightly p5cil$ or gray4 ,9 ! h5 ! neck-hackle %\ld be pure :ite1 entirely free f any m>k+ :atev]4 ,! rema9d] ( ! plumage %\ld be a cle>1 silv]y-:ite1 ea* fea!r di/9ctly p5cil$ or m>k$ across ) b>s ( black1 z cle> & di/9ct z possible & 9 p>ticul> z /raight across ! fea!r z possible4 ,! f9] ?is p5cil+ & ! m num]\s ! b>s1 ! bett]4 ,?is p5cil+ %\ld ext5d f ! ?roat to ! v tip ( ! tail4 ,a well-p5cil$ tail is v desirable1 & q difficult to obta91 z !re is a special t5d5cy 9 ! long fea!rs to lose ! /raightness across ( ! m>k+s4 ,tails p5cil$ squ>ely across to ! v tip c be & are br$1 b !y are nev] common4 ,"o ( ! greate/ faults to :i* ! plumage is liable is ! irregul> & 8horse-%oe0 /yle ( m>k+s :i* we s (t5 see 9 ! brea/1 &1 9 fact1 ne>ly e "p ( ! h5's plumage4 ,?is is a mo/ s]i\s defect1 & n less to be notic$ because ( its frequ5cy4 ,a v usual fault is a light brea/1 or n only light1 b cov]$ only ) ^! horse-%oe m>k+s4 ,! birds be/ m>k$ on ! brea/ are frequ5tly liable to be spott$ on ! hackle1 & ?is latt] fault is c]ta9ly mu* to be pref]r$ to a bad brea/4 ,h[ev]1 ! be/ m>k+ on ! brea/ is nev] q equal to t on o!r p>ts ( ! body4 ,a v desirable po9t is to h ! r[s ( p5cil+ on "o fea!r fall onto ! r[s on ! next1 giv+ ! bird a rul$ or l9$ appe>ance4 ,a co>sely p5cil$ bird is n to be ?\ght ( 9 ^! days--al?\gh su* birds 7 =m]ly ! rule--z !y h a spotty or speckl$ appe>ance1 :i* is n ! correct ?+ at all4 ,a f9ely-p5cil$ w+ 9 h5s is almo/ impossible to f9d1 _m ( our be/ %[ birds be+ v bad 9 ?is respect1 ! m>k+s be+ v light & indi/9ct4 ,! p5cil+ is mu* bett] ! fir/ ye>--or 9 pullets2 ) age x becomes cl\dy1 mossy1 or indi/9ct1 s t a well-p5cil$ h5 is q r>e4 ,:5 !y d m\lt out well ! second or ?ird season1 !y are especially valuable1 & %\ld be reta9$ = bre$+ z long z !y w bre$4 ,all t5d5cy to br[ni% or *e/nut color$ fea!rs 7:i* sometimes make _! appe>ance1 al?\gh r>ely17 %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/1 & :5 !y d appe> ! bird %\ld at once be disc>d$ = bre$+ purposes4 ,we h enum]at$ ! faults to :i* ?is bre$ is liable s m9utely1 n because !y are great] ?an ^? ( _m o!r v>ieties1 b because !y require ! mo/ skillful bre$+ to eradicate4 ,z !y are among ! mo/ beautiful f[ls we h1 s are !y among ! mo/ difficult to bre$ to p]fection1 & !y (f] a f9e field to intellig5t bre$]s1 :o l to feel t !y owe ! p]fection ( _! birds to _! own ef=ts4 ,^? m5 :o want _! birds made = !m1 s t !y w bre$ easily !mselves1 _h bett] let !m alone1 = !y %\ld only belong to ! intellig5t & h>d-work+ fanci]1 :o w f9d !m v pliable1 & :o c reap ! rew>d ( 8 indu/ry & p]sev]ance 9 behold+ 9 "t a f[l t 9 beauty & utility %all /& unrival$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,o!r ,po9ts4--,! comb 9 ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs is ! same z t describ$ 9 ,black ,hamburgs1 & av]ages z p]fect z 9 any o!r v>iety4 ,x is usually r small]1 ) m 8"w0 or f9e po9ts on ! top ?an ! comb ( ! ,spangl$ v>ieties4 ,! e>-lobe %\ld be pure :ite1 & is usually v good 9 ?is respect1 x seem+ to be "o ( _! firmly-fix$ *>act]i/ics4 ,! face has ! same t5d5cy to :ite z 9 ! o!r v>ieties1 & ?is %\ld be avoid$ ) l caution4 ,9 symmetry !y are1 p]haps1 sup]ior to ! ,spangl$ v>ieties1 & are equal$ only by ! ,blacks 9 ?is respect1 birds poor 9 symmetry be+ pleas+ly sc>ce4 ,!y are n q s full 9 ! brea/ z ! o!r v>ieties we h describ$1 b h an exce$+ly graceful c>riage1 & are upright & sprightly 9 appe>ance4 ,_! legs are small1 sl5d]1 & neat 9 appe>ance1 & 9 color1 lead5-blue1 :i* %\ld be v d>k--approa*+ black--9 "y birds4 ,po9ts 9 ,bre$+ ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs4--,"o good po9t 9 reg>d to ?is v>iety is t ! same birds w bre$ f9e birds ( bo? sexes1 if ! /ock is *os5 ) judgm5t4 ,"s bre$]s use two sets1 b we d n consid] t !y are requir$1 & mu* pref] to bre$ f "o y>d4 ,( c\rse1 z we h said be=e1 !re w be1 z 9 all v>ieties1 "s /ra9s or families t produce bett] birds ( "o sex ?an ! o!r2 /ill1 9 ?is case !re %\ld be no great disp>ity 9 ! quality ( ! male & female birds4 ,h[ev]1 z x is possible to bre$ v good %[ cock]els f h5s ) no quality ( p5cil+ at all1 x is v necess>y1 9 mak+ up a y>d = bre$+1 t ! /ra9 ( ! cock bird %\ld be kn[n to be a well-p5cil$ "o4 ,! h5s w speak = !mselves4 ,x is v satisfactory to rem>k t our mo/ popul> judges favor ^? cock birds t possess ! po9ts mo/ likely to produce good pullets2 & if su* a bird comes ( a /ra9 kn[n to produce good pullets1 ( a p5cil+ simil> 9 "* to ^? ( ! h5s he is to be put )1 x is suffici5t4 ,8 tail %\ld be black ?r\gh\t1 ! sickles black except ! cle> :ite edg+2 ! w+-b>s %\ld be p]ceptible1 b slight1 ?\gh ! w+-cov]ts :i* =m x mu/ be d>kly p5cil$ on _! upp] webs4 ,if !re be too little color "h ! pullets w lack color also2 if ! b> be too d>k1 ! p5cil+ w mo/ likely be co>se1 heavy & spotty4 ,z su* birds z we h describ$ above are by no means common1 & may n be readily procur$ by ! av]age bre$]1 we %all also give mat+s = bre$+ f two y>ds1 :i* w be necess>y if ?is is ! case2 al?\gh1 be x di/9ctly und]/ood1 ! above mat+ is our *oice1 & really ! only prop] "o4 ,= ,cock]els4--,mate ! be/ %[ cock]el y c f9d ) h5s mu* too light 9 ! p5cil+ to be fit = %[+--tol]ably m>k$1 b m>k+s n heavy en\gh--& if !y are irregul>1 x is no great matt]4 ,= ,pullets4--,mate a v d>k cock ) ! v be/ h5s or pullets y c procure4 ,x w make little diff]5ce if ! cock's sickles are entirely black1 & 8 body spott$ 9 places2 if he is only d>k1 he w ?r[ a fair lot ( pullets if ! h5s be good4 ,! disadvantage ( bre$+ f ^! two p5s is obvi\s1 z nei!r /ra9 ?us produc$ c be reli$ ^u to bre$ 9 any o!r way1 & _m ( ! pullets hat*$1 ev5 if !y d n %[ ! approa* to black spangl+ already ref]r$ to1 are apt to h ! broad & co>se m>k+s :i* we are try+ to bre$ out z rapidly z possible4 ,a cock f ! fir/ mat+ describ$1 if well m>k$1 w ?r[ v f9e pullets1 :ile he w reproduce 8 own lik5ess 9 ! cock]els4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,gold5-,,p5cil$ ,,hamburgs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,gold5-,,p5cil$ ,,hamburgs4 ,9 po9t ( m>k+s1 ! ,gold5 are fully z beautiful z ! ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs1 :ile ! gold5 gr\nd-color1 :i* is _! di/+ui%+ feature1 :ile n s popul> ) ! majority ( bre$]s z ! silv]1 may yet be pref]r$ by "s4 ,9 po9t ( productiv5ess !y equal ! ,silv]s1 lay+ a small1 :ite & f9ely-flavor$ egg4 ,! "y *icks ( bo? v>ieties ( ,p5cil$ ,hamburgs are r delicate2 !y %\ld n be hat*$ be=e ,april4 ,ano!r reason 9 favor ( late hat*+ is t if hat*$ too e>ly !y m\lt out l old h5s at ! "t !y %\ld be lay+1 & s lose t %>p & ri* p5cil+ t is s desirable 9 pullets4 ,plumage4--,"o ( ! mo/ important po9ts 9 ! plumage ( ?is v>iety is ! ev5ness ( ! gr\nd-color1 :i* %\ld be a ri* gold5-color ?r\gh\t4 ,"s birds1 o!rwise good1 are v faulty 9 ?is respect1 ! ends ( ! fea!rs be+ a light] gold ?an ! o!r p>ts4 ,^! birds1 z ! season advances1 are apt to get /ill m fad$ & wa%$-out 9 appe>ance2 &1 inde$1 mo/ birds fade 9 color f ! effects ( ! sun4 ,"s h5s ( a good ri* color reta9 ?is mu* bett] ?an o!rs1 :i* is a great po9t 9 _! favor4 ,9 cocks ! same fault is common1 appe>+ 9 ! %ape ( a light] %ade on ! ends or tips ( ! fea!rs1 on ! brea/ & und]nea? ! body2 avoid ?is z f> z possible--! m uni=m ! color1 ! bett]4 ,! p5cil+ %\ld be exactly ! same z 9 ! prec$+ v>iety1 z di/9ct1 & yet z f9e z possible1 & ! m b>s across ! fea!r ! bett]--always provid+ !y are /raight across1 & cle>ly def9$4 ,! neck-hackle1 z 9 ! ,silv]s1 %\ld be cle>4 ,! cock is ( a d>k] t9t1 be+ almo/ *e/nut 9 color2 he mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be too r$ or too pale1 b v ri* 9 color4 ,! prop] tail-fea!rs are black1 ! sickles & tail-cov]ts1 or 8hang]s10 a ri* black1 edg$ ) br[n or bronze1 v n>r[1 & cle>ly def9$4 ,! ,am]ican ,/&>d ( ,excell5ce gives ! requir$ wid? ( ?is edg+ z ab\t "o-sixte5? ( an in*4 ,cle> black sickles are a great fault1 & s is a tail bronz$ all ov]1 or ) sc>cely any black 9 x1 be+ bronz$ all ov] ! sickles4 ,?is la/ k9d ( a tail is v %[y1 & us$ to be a favorite ) judges :o did n und]/& ,hamburgs1 b birds possess+ ?is defect h be5 prov$ to produce v poorly p5cil$ pullets4 ,o!r ,po9ts4--,! comb1 e>-lobe1 legs & symmetry 9 ! ,gold5-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs %\ld be exactly ! same z ^? describ$ 9 ! ,silv]-,p5cil$4 ,9 symmetry1 especially1 !y are fully _! equal4 ,! po9ts 9 bre$+ are exactly simil> to ^? expla9$ 9 connection ) ! prec$+ v>iety1 & ne$ n be repeat$1 ! be/ rule be+ to bre$ f ! v be/ birds y c f9d on bo? sides1 c>e be+ tak5 to obta9 a ri*1 ev5 gr\nd-color 9 all cases4 ,,:ite ,,hamburgs4 ,:ile we und\bt$ly owe ! ,:ite ,hamburg to skillful ,engli% bre$+1 x is a v>iety br$ mu* m g5]ally 9 ,am]ica ?an x is across ! wat]1 :]e x is reg>d$ z a m]e sub-v>iety ( ,hamburgs4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9ally br$ 9 ,engl& z an exp]im5t1 & 0 obta9$ by select+ ! lighte/ ,silv]-,spangl$ ,hamburgs1 bo? male & female1 & mat+ !m toge!r1 ea* ye> select+ ! lighte/ prog5y1 until ! pure :ite bird 0 procur$4 ,?us x w be se5 t 9 spite ( all argum5ts to ! contr>y1 ! ,:ite ,hamburg is really a pure ,hamburg 9 e p>ticul>4 ,:ile !y 7 a v pretty v>iety1 !y 7 look$ ^u ) consid]able disfavor by ! ,engli%1 :o disc\rag$ _! bre$+1 & reg>d$ !m z an innovation 9 ! ,hamburg family4 ,x is _m ye>s n[ s9ce !y began to be br$ 9 ,am]ica1 & !y are mu* ?\ght ( = _! _m good *>act]i/ics1 :ile !y figure q prom95tly at our pr9cipal exhibitions4 ,:at has s]v$ pr9cipally to disc\rage ,:ite ,hamburg bre$]s1 is ! fact t s _m imitations h be5 made & ?ru/ ^u ! public "u t "n1 t 7 really m]e mongrels4 ,! only true ,:ite ,hamburgs are ^? :i* come f ,silv]-,spangl$ or ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs1 9 ! mann] we h describ$4 ,^? ) ,:ite ,leghorn or ,:ite ,dork+ crosses are impositions1 & %\ld be avoid$ by ! fanci]1 :o w readily "k !m by _! clumsy symmetry1 l>ge size & co>se combs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,hamburgs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,v>iety4--,! ,:ite ,hamburgs %\ld be pure :ite 9 plumage ?r\gh\t1 ) no signs ( t undesirable yell[i% t+e s (t5 se5 on o!rwise good birds4 ,!y %\ld be true ,hamburg 9 symmetry1 avoid+ ! ,leghorn or ,dork+ build1 & !y %\ld be 7& are7 no l>g] ?an ! o!r v>ieties4 ,size is n a po9t to be reg>d$ 9 ,hamburgs2 x is _! lay+ qualities we look to1 & ?is v>iety1 :ile n q up to ! o!rs 9 ?is respect1 is v productive4 ,! comb 9 ,:ite ,hamburgs %\ld resemble t describ$ "u ! head+ ( ,black ,hamburgs4 ,!y %\ld h a small1 r\nd1 :ite e>-lobe1 by no means p5d5t1 & bright r$ face2 c>riage upright1 sprightly & graceful4 ,! ,leg ,controv]sy4--,we h s f> said no?+ conc]n+ ! color ( legs 9 ,:ite ,hamburgs1 = ! reason t !re has be5 a spirit$ controv]sy = _m ye>s among bre$]s z to :e!r !y %\ld be blue or :ite4 ,x has be5 a great nuisance to ! ,am]ican ,p\ltry ,association1 :o h f\nd !mselves p]suad$1 because ( speci\s argum5ts on bo? sides1 to *ange _! ,/&>d at lea/ f\r times on legs ( ,:ite ,hamburgs4 ,x 0 orig9ally decid$ by ! ,/&>d committee t a :ite leg 0 prop]4 ,x 0 aft]w>d *ang$ f :ite to blue1 f blue back to :ite1 !n aga9 to blue1 & 9 #ahgi to :ite4 ,hon4 ,lewis ,f4 ,all51 :o is p]haps our l>ge/ & mo/ prom95t bre$] ( ! ,:ite ,hamburg1 & :o has done z mu* z any o!r man to pu% ! bre$1 says 9 a clev] lett]1 :i*1 h[ev]1 betrays 8 *agr9 at ! vacillat+ decrees ( ! ,/&>d committee3 8,i h be5 s disgu/$ ) ! do+s ( ! ,/&>d committee on ! po9ts ( f[ls t ,i h det]m9$ nev] aga9 to take any "p 9 its discussions1 or %[ a bird 9 its exhibitions1 al?\gh ,i /ill keep & bre$ ! ,:ite ,hamburg ) :ite legs & beak1 :i* m>ks truly belong to !m1 z !y did :5 ,i fir/ knew !m1 9 #ahgj4 8,i obta9$ my orig9al birds f a g5tleman :o b\ght !m 9 ,new ,york--desc5dants f import$ /ock1 ,i 0 in=m$4 ,!y 7 !n1 & /ill are1 true ,hamburgs 9 /yle & =m1 non-sitt]s1 & ne>ly con/ant lay]s2 h>dy 9 temp]am5t1 &1 9 %ort1 v satisfactory birds4 ,!y 7 successfully %[n 9 sev]al ( our p\ltry %[s 9 ,buffalo1 & won prizes1 ! :ite legs & beaks be+ entirely satisfactory to judges & ! society4 8,b :5 ! ,am]ican ,p\ltry ,association und]took to make a ,/&>d ( po9ts = ! v>i\s v>ieties ( f[ls1 "s ( ! pret5d$ #8pr(essionals' introduc$ v>i\s innovations1 & among !m accord$ ! blue leg & beak to ! ,:ite ,hamburg1 :i* 0 adopt$4 ,consequ5tly1 at ! next %[ at ,buffalo1 my birds 7 rul$ out "u ! new blue-leg regulation4 ,! ,/&>d committee _h a full meet+ dur+ ! %[1 & ,i w5t be=e !m & %[$ ! absurdity ( ! new rule1 & ! committee decid$ to rev]se ! late action & return ! po9ts ( :ite legs to ! ,:ite ,hamburgs4 ,x has s9ce1 h[ev]1 be5 *ang$ sev]al times40 ,mr4 ,all5 seems to h no d\bt b t ! :ite leg is entirely prop]1 & he %[s himself to feel injur$ by ! con/ant *anges made 9 ! ,/&>d2 & inde$ x has greatly injur$ ! v>iety1 simply because bre$]s nev] c\ld tell h[ to bre$ _! birds s t !y w\ld n be disqualifi$ at ! next season's %[s4 ,t ! po9t betwe5 ! two colors is a f9e "o is prov$ by ! indecision ( ! ,/&>d committee4 ,?r\gh all ! *anges ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,bolton has /ood z firmly by ! blue legs z ,mr4 ,all5 has by ! :ite ones1 & 8 fai? 9 _! propriety has nev] wav]$4 ,mr4 ,bolton is "o ( our mo/ prom95t ,hamburg m51 & has prov$ 8 skill z a bre$] 9 %[+ "s excell5t /ock ( ! sev]al v>ieties4 ,he writes u3 8,i "k p]fectly well t my ,:ite ,hamburgs are pure ,hamburgs 9 e respect4 ,i h br$ !m myself f ! ,silv]-,p5cil$ ,hamburgs1 ) blue legs1 & all ! *>act]i/ics ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,= t5 ye>s ,i h nev] _h a *ick ) legs ( any o!r color ?an blue1 :i* %[s t ! blue leg is a firmly fix$ *>act]i/ic1 & prop]ly belongs !re40 ,:y %\ld o!r v>ieties ( ,hamburgs h a blue leg & ! ,:ite ,hamburg a :ite leg8 ,! blue leg is a di/9ct ,hamburg *>act]i/ic4 ,we believe t :5 our f9al & unalt]able ,/&>d is made1 ! ,:ite ,hamburgs w be cr$it$ ) blue legs4 ,po9ts 9 ,bre$+4--,! rule 9 mat+ ,:ite ,hamburgs %\ld be simply to procure ! birds :i* possess ! f9e/ combs1 e>-lobes & face1 pure :ite plumage & blue legs4 ,gu>d aga9/ heavy1 blocky =ms & co>se combs1 & pay less att5tion to size ?an to prop] symmetry4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,"y ,,*icks4 ,z s few bre$]s seem to h any cle>ly-def9$ ideas z to ! prop] mode ( c>+ = newly-hat*$ or gr[+ *icks1 & beg9n]s are n only :olly at sea 9 ?is respect1 b h no place to :i* !y may turn & acquire ! in=mation t !y h n yet be5 able to ga9 ?r\gh exp]i5ce 7:i* is by odds ! be/ tea*]1 z we are seldom able to pr(it by ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs71 we h ?\ght be/ to prep>e a few di/9ct & common-s5se in/ructions1 :i* we h endeavor$ to r5d] z full & explicit z possible1 )\t be+ s t$i\s or complicat$ z to mislead 9 any way ! novice4 ,to />t )1 !re is "o ess5tial po9t 9 rais+ ^! delicate little creatures--c>e4 ,give !m pl5ty ( c>e1 & !y w ?rive--prop] c>e1 we mean4 ,!re are ?ree prim>y ?+s to be gu>d$ aga9/ 9 c>+ = v "y *ick5s3 #a4 ,*ill+4 #b4 ,v]m94 #c4 ,indige/ible food4 ,= ! fir/ week1 p]haps1 ne>ly e old h5 is fai?ful to h] little brood1 & gu>ds !m ) t mat]nal t5d]ness = :i* %e has be5 made ! symbol ( mo!rly love4 ,b ?is c>e soon we>ies h]1 & 9 a few days %e beg9s to neglect !m1 m>*+ ar\nd 9 ! *ill & dr5*+ ra9s ( spr+1 & dragg+ h] little brood aft] h] ?r\gh ! damp grass1 entirely oblivi\s ( _! suff]+s2 & "o by "o !y drop (f & are left beh9d1 *ill$ ?r\gh1 or seiz$ ) cramp4 ,only ! mo/ p]sev]+ are able to keep up1 until1 p]haps seiz$ ) a pang ( remorse1 %e spreads h] w+s & all[s ! little ones to f9d a tempor>y %elt] b5ea? h] w>m fea!rs4 ,ev5 ! /ronge/ (t5 succumb to rheumatism & die aft] ?is dang]\s exposure4 ,?is picture is n ov]drawn2 x is ( common occurr5ce4 ,a prop] coop1 !re=e1 = ! h5 & *icks1 z soon z !y are able to leave ! ne/ is1 & always w be1 reg>d$ z a necessity4 ,v]m9 is ! second evil to be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,exam9e ! *icks c>efully :5 fir/ hat*$1 & %\ld y f9d any lice on ei!r !m or ! h51 let y\r fir/ move be to rid !m ( ^! pe/s1 :i* w else surely prove fatal to ! "y birds4 ,procure "s ,dalmatian or ,p]sian ,insect ,p[d]1 & du/ !m ?or\ghly ) x until _! torm5tors are ext]m9at$4 ,& "h let u recomm5d cleanl9ess 9 ev]y?+4 ,! t5d] *icks _c live 9 fil?1 :i* bre$s disease m rapidly ?an any?+ else4 ,keep y\r coops clean1 y\r h\ses clean1 & y\r runs clean4 ,x is a v important elem5t ( success--indisp5sable1 9 fact4 ,on ! food dep5ds 9 a great measure ! gr[? & heal? ( ! *icks4 ,indige/ible food avoid by all means4 ,by indige/ible we mean sloppy & dirty food1 & t :i* is s\r4 ,! be/ fe$ at fir/ is pure1 sweet bread & milk1 & h>d-boil$ eggs & bread crumbs mix$ toge!r & crumbl$ ) ! f+]s4 ,let !m always h access to pl5ty ( pure wat]4 ,any =m ( gra9 is good = !m z soon z !y w eat x1 & aft] !y are a few days old !y w ?rive on crack$ corn & oatmeal4 ,z !y get old] :ole :eat is an excell5t gr[+ food4 ,gre5 /uff !y %\ld h con/antly aft] !y are a week old1 & if x is too e>ly 9 ! season to give !m grass1 fe$ a little lettuce1 clipp$ f9e ) scissors1 at lea/ once a day4 ,at t5 days ( age !y are ready to ?rive on :ole :eat z !y w on no?+ else4 ,give !m pl5ty ( bone n[1 & nev] let y\r ef=ts flag to keep !m gr[+4 ,:5 ! *icks are fully fea!r$ ! _m dang]s :i* con/antly beset ! lives ( ! y\ng/]s are usually safely pass$1 &1 b>r+ all accid5ts1 x is pretty safe to suppose t !y w n[ pull ?r\gh4 ,n9e out ( e t5 bre$]s !n brea! a sigh ( relief1 & settle d[n to a quiet summ]1 or leave home4 ,! t5? bre$] is %>p]4 ,he n only /ays at home1 b he r$\bles 8 att5tions to 8 "y flock4 ,he realizes t n[ is ! "t :5 ^! future prize w9n]s dem& all ! c>e :i* he c be/[ to keep !m gr[+ f9ely4 ,& he is "r4 ,x won't d to slack up n[4 ,!y ne$ a diff]5t k9d ( c>e4 ,f endeavor+ to keep ! brea? ( life 9 ! little ?+s1 he *anges 8 att5tion to a sy/em ( judici\s fe$+1 calculat$ to keep !m gr[+ rapidly dur+ ! propiti\s summ] wea!r4 ,alas1 = ! *ick :om ! cold wea!r cat*es half-develop$ & half-fea!r$6 ,augu/1 ,septemb] & ,octob] are ! f9e/ gr[+ mon?s 9 ! ye>1 & ^? *icks :i* n[ h a good />t1 if prop]ly c>$ = & judici\sly =c$1 w be ! ones to make a f9e %[+ at ! next w9t]'s exhibitions4 ,9 gr[+ !y ne$ pl5ty ( bone meal & oy/] %ells1 & an occasional supply ( fre% meat1 if worms are n pl5tiful4 ,d n =ce !m too mu*1 z 9 ,hamburgs x induces ! comb to lop & gr[ to an undesirable size4 ,aga9 let u recomm5d pl5ty ( pure1 cool wat]1 & vegetable food 9 quantity4 ,little att5tions are nev] ?r[n away1 b w be amply repaid 9 "t 9 a vigor\s1 l>ge & heal?y flock ( f[ls4 ,,prep>+ ,,hamburgs ,,= ,,exhibition4 ,condition means ev]y?+ 9 %[+ ,hamburgs1 & )\t x _m a f9e bird comes home f a %[ m9us a prize t c\ld easily h be5 won _h its own] kn[n h[ to prop]ly fit x = exhibition4 ,by 8fitt+ x0 we d n ref] to ! unscrupul\s tricks resort$ to by unpr9cipl$ sc\ndrels :o mutilate & torture _! birds to br+ !m )9 ! requirem5ts ( ! ,/&>d1 b to ! legitimate prep>ation to :i* x is n only all[able to subject a bird1 b )\t :i* x is really a pity to s5d a good bird to ! %[ room4 ,we are n go+ to recomm5d any practices :i* may n be fully kn[n & approv$ ( by any judge1 s t any exhibitor may h no hesitation 9 foll[+ our in/ructions4 ,= at lea/ ?ree weeks be=e ! exhibition all v>ieties ( ,hamburgs %\ld be conf9$ 9 a d>k5$ coop--n too d>k1 b ) j light en\gh to enable !m to see to eat4 ,we recomm5d ?is = ! foll[+ reasons3 #a4 ,x s]ves to :it5 9 an a/oni%+ degree ! e>-lobe4 ,we h (t5 se5 a bird :i*1 :5 plac$ 9 ! d>k5$ coop1 _h e>-lobes discolor$ by exposure to ! wea!r1 come out at ! end ( ?ree weeks ) pure milky-:ite e>-lobes ?r\gh\t4 ,dur+ ?is conf9em5t ! e>-lobes %\ld be wa%$ ea* day ) sweet milk1 appli$ ) a sponge4 #b4 ,?is conf9em5t is ( great value 9 promot+ a ri* lu/] to ! plumage1 mak+ ea* color /& out di/9ctly1 & giv+ ! fea!rs t glossy appe>ance s mu* desir$4 ,?is matt] ( plumage is "o ( prim>y importance4 ,9 ,black ,hamburgs ! gre5i% gloss %\ld be br\ght out z mu* z possible1 & 9 ord] to d ?is conf9em5t 9 d>k5$ qu>t]s is necess>y4 ,aft] !y 7! ,blacks we are n[ ref]r+ to7 h be5 conf9$ until ab\t a week previ\s to ! %[1 !y %\ld be tak5 f ! coop1 & _! fea!rs rubb$ d[n daily ) a piece ( flannel clo?4 ,hold ! bird firmly on y\r lap1 & pass ! clo? lightly d[n ! back f ! neck to ! tip ( ! tail1 & keep up ?is rubb+ /eadily = ! requir$ "t1 say fifte5 m9utes4 ,y w be surpris$ to see ! magnific5t gloss br\ght out ^u birds t be=e 7 ev5 slightly dull 9 appe>ance ( plumage4 ,if y\r birds h ! undesirable purple t+e1 ?is w br+ x out m ?an y w\ld wi%1 b if !y h ! gre5i% %e51 x w make !m gli/5 9 a mann] to delight y\r eyes4 ,! ,:ites are mu* improv$ likewise by ?is conf9em5t1 z x gives ! plumage a cle> milky-:ite color1 & x loses "u ?is treatm5t ! yell[i% ca/ !y h acquir$ by exposure to ! wea!r2 only1 if !y are bad 9 ?is respect1 !y %\ld be put 9 _! d>k5$ qu>t]s at lea/ a mon? previ\s to ! exhibition4 ,) ,gold5-,p5cil$ & ,spangl$ ,hamburgs ?is d>k5$ coop is ( mu* assi/ance 9 br++ out ! gre5i% spangles & bright5+ & enri*+ ! gr\nd-color2 & ) ^! v>ieties1 z ) ! ,blacks1 we w\ld recomm5d ! g5tle rubb+ ) co>se flannel4 ,silv]-,spangl$ & ,p5cil$ birds ga9 by _! d>k5$ qu>t]s a cle> & di/9ct appe>ance 9 _! m>k+s1 z x makes ! gr\nd-color a beautiful :ite1 furni%+ a desirable backgr\nd = ! color$ fea!rs4 ,!re is no help = a bad comb or a :ite face4 ,! be/ way is nev] to all[ a bird ) ^! defects to see ! inside ( a %[ room4 ,birds ) a t5d5cy to scaly legs %\ld h !m rubb$ ) ,/odd>d's ,p\ltry ,o9tm5t1 beg9n+ at lea/ two weeks be=e ! %[4 ,if bre$]s w\ld only att5d to ?is repulsive appe>ance ( ! legs 9 "t1 or :5ev] x makes its appe>ance1 & treat x z above1 ^! rem>ks w\ld be unnecess>y4 ,x is an eye-sore 9 any bird1 b p>ticul>ly disgu/+ on ! neat1 sl5d] legs ( ! ,hamburgs4 ,9 fitt+ birds = %[ !y %\ld h a :olesome v>iety ( food1 :eat & buck:eat be+ ! /aples4 ,a little sunfl[] se$1 f$ at judici\s int]vals = ! six weeks previ\s to ! %[1 has a v desirable effect 9 giv+ !m ! gloss & f9i% s desirable1 & :i* is always obs]v$ 9 prize birds4 ,:5 ! "t arrives to coop ! birds & />t !m (f = ! %[1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 t !y are 9 prop] trim4 ,z ea* bird is coop$ x %\ld be c>efully exam9$ to see t !re are no symptoms ( disease1 or any f\l fea!rs 9 ! plumage4 ,!n take a sponge & c>efully wa% ! comb1 wattles1 face & legs ) a mixture ( equal p>ts ( sweet oil & alcohol1 apply+ z little z is possible to procure ! desir$ effect--:i* is1 by ! way1 a rem>kable bright5+ ( ! comb1 wattles & face1 giv+ !m a ri*1 heal?y & bright appe>ance1 & imp>t+ to ! legs a beautiful gloss1 :i* br+s out _! color ) good effect4 ,if ^! in/ructions are c>efully foll[$1 y w h>dly recognize 9 ! sm>t1 clean-look+ bird t graces ! exhibition coop1 ! soil$ & dull appe>+ f[l y began fitt+ ?ree weeks be=e4 ,x may require a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t to att5d to ^! details prop]ly1 b w y n feel amply repaid by behold+ ! prize c>d on y\r coop1 & hav+ y\r bro!r fanci]s comm5t ^u ! f9e condition ( y\r birds8 ,,h9ts ,,to ,,judges4 ,v few ( ! lead+ & popul> judges at our exhibitions are ,hamburg bre$]s1 & realiz+ ?is1 x %\ld n be difficult to imag9e ! *agr9 & disappo9tm5t ( an exp]i5c$ bre$] ( ^! v>ieties :5 he /&s by at a %[ & sees ! judge aw>d ! premiums to birds ) _m & gl>+ faults1 to 8 eyes1 b :i* are nev] notic$ by ?is oracle ( ! %[ room1 :o makes 8 figures ) a bus9ess-l alacrity1 /rongly savor+ ( ignorance to ! close obs]v]1 & appe>s ?or\ghly satisfi$ t he is 8up to snuff10 :5 9 reality he has be5 absurdly unju/ 9 8 aw>ds4 ,!re is no bre$ :i* ne$s s c>eful exam9ation f ! judge z ! ,hamburg1 9 ea* v>iety1 n only on acc\nt ( ! _m po9ts to be consid]$1 b because !re is no bre$ s subject to ! manipulations ( unpr9cipl$ exhibitors1 or :]e !re is m lynx-ey$ vigilance requir$ f ! judge to gu>d him aga9/ ! impositions ( ^? pe/s ( ! %[ room--trimm]s4 ,! po9ts to :i* a judge %\ld devote 8 att5tion 9 judg+ ,hamburgs may be divid$ into f\r divisions1 namely3 #a1 head2 #b1 plumage2 #c1 symmetry2 #d1 condition4 ,beg9n+ ) ! fir/ ( ^!1 we f9d includ$ "u ?is topic--comb1 wattles1 e>-lobes & face4 ,!re is no po9t 9 :i* ,hamburgs are subject to su* ext5sive manipulation z 9 ! comb1 & "s ( ! practices :i* h be5 detect$ are ( ! mo/ cruel nature4 ,cases :]e ne$les & p9s h be5 ins]t$ l5g?wise ( ! comb to keep x f lapp+ :ile ! judge is mak+ 8 r\nds1 h be5 ( common occurr5ce1 al?\gh we are pleas$ to note t z m good & small-siz$ combs are be+ br$ ye>ly1 ?is practice seems to be fall+ into disuse4 ,^! in/rum5ts ( torture are usually ins]t$ j be=e ! judges exam9e ! birds1 & )drawn by means ( p9*]s imm$iately aft] ! aw>ds h be5 made1 s t !y are really difficult to discov]4 ,:]e ^! ne$les are left 9 ! comb1 ! mo/ int5se suff]+ ensues1 & ,mr4 ,hewitt has drawn a mo/ h>r[+ picture ( ! tortures ! poor bird is oblig$ to und]go4 ,he says3 8,on ! second day1 ! comb becomes mo/ intol]ably inflam$1 & ,i h se5 a f[l 9 its agony b5d ! head d[n1 raise its foot1 z ) ! int5tion ( reliev+ ! comb by scrat*+ x1 /op ! movem5t midway )\t t\*+ ! comb at all1 & !n tremble l an asp5-leaf40 ,:5 cases ( su* b>b>ity are detect$1 ! exhibitor %\ld be remorselessly drumm$ out ( ! exhibition & ! frat]nity4 ,a v common fault 9 combs is a holl[ or depression 9 ! c5t]2 & ?is is usually treat$ by cutt+ a w$ge-%ap$ piece out ( ! middle1 & /it*+ ! outside portions tightly till jo9$ & heal$4 ,/it*es put 9 = "o purpose or o!r are (t5 f\nd1 &1 we regret to add1 are employ$ f> (t5] ?an f\nd4 ,small irregul>ities 9 %ape & po9ts are simply %av$ (f4 ,su* mutilations are quickly disc]n$ by a practic$ eye 9 ! smoo? appe>ance ( ! comb :5 x has be5 cut1 b z frequ5tly ?is appe>ance is due to a pa/ accid5t1 judges %\ld n act ha/ily ^u suspicion4 ,p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to ! 8"w0 or f9e po9ts ( ! comb2 ! m num]\s !y are1 ! bett]4 ,holl[s 9 ! front ( ! comb1 above ! beak1 are common & objectionable1 & %\ld be sev]ely cut4 ,pullets %\ld h small & well-%ap$ combs4 ,we recomm5d cutt+ l>ge combs 9 pullets1 z !y are almo/ c]ta9 to fall ov] ) age4 ,! face is also subject to pa9t+ r$ :5 x has a t5d5cy to :ite1 & ?is is (t5 discov]$ by ! diff]5ce 9 ! %ade ( ! comb & face1 al?\gh sometimes ! simil>ity ( color is s p]fect z to defy detection4 ,:5 we suspect pa9t+1 a g5tle rubb+ usually suffices to prove if our suspicions are correct4 ,?is :ite 9 ! face is a direct disqualification 9 ,black ,hamburgs accord+ to ! ,am]ican ,/&>d1 b z we seldom f9d a two or ?ree ye> old cock )\t x1 we ?9k ! ,/&>d %\ld n ?us disqualify old birds1 b 8cut sev]ely z a defect40 ,cock]els ) ?is :ite face %\ld be ?r[n out )\t remorse4 ,e>-lobes are (t5 pa9t$ :ite1 & sometimes q clev]ly1 b ?is is usually s bungl+ an op]ation z to be readily detect$1 if y exam9e x c>efully4 ,e>-lobes %\ld be r\nd & small4 ,cut l>ge1 irregul>ly-%ap$1 & above all1 p5d5t e>-lobes4 ,! blui% t+e (t5 se5 on ,hamburg e>-lobes %\ld n be cut except 9 cases ( comp>ison4 ,we d n l x1 b x is (t5 occasion$ by conf9em5t1 & is n a direct blemi%4 ,wattles %\ld be small & well r\nd$4 ,we recomm5d cutt+ a p5d5t wattle1 su* z is prop] to ! ,leghorn v>ieties4 ,our second division treats ( plumage1 & "h aga9 ! trimm] f9ds a broad field ( labor4 ,:ite fea!rs 9 ,blacks are pull$ out1 b z ^! usually appe> 9 ! w+s1 if at all1 ! abs5ce ( flight fea!rs %\ld be accept$ z pro( ( ! previ\s exi/5ce ( :ite fea!rs4 ,if !re is any t5d5cy at all to :ite 9 ?is v>iety1 x w usually be f\nd by hold+ ! bird by ! legs head d[nw>d1 :5 ! fluff fea!rs "u ! tail & betwe5 ! legs w be f\nd to possess small :ite tips4 ,we f\nd ! fir/ prize birds at a rec5t %[ di/9ctly tipp$ ) :ite "h1 b ! judge _h nev] notic$ x4 ,9 ! case ( ! spangl$ v>ieties1 l>ge quantities ( fea!rs are (t5 extract$ f ! brea/ & back1 :5 !y are s num]\s t ! black spangles run toge!r4 ,?is trimm+ out process1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 done to %[ ! color betwe5 ! spangles1 is v difficult ( detection1 & almo/ impossible to positively prove4 ,9 ! p5cil$ v>ieties ! att5tion ( ! trimm] is turn$ to ! tail ( ! cocks4 ,a f9ely-p5cil$ tail is a r>ity1 & :5 a f9e set ( well-m>k$ sickles are obta9$ !y are sometimes pres]v$ 8= future ref]5ce0 7z x 771 & (t5 figure 9 sev]al diff]5t birds be=e !y are worn out4 ,z ^! well-m>k$ sickles (t5 gr[ on a bird ) a poor comb1 ! own] usually selects 8 be/ m>k$ bird o!rwise1 extracts ! poor sickles1 & ins]ts ! good ones 9 _! place4 ,! fa/5+ may get loose dur+ ! %[1 & !n drop out1 expos+ ! fraud at once4 ,^! false sickles1 h[ev]1 are usually dull 9 color1 lack+ ! gloss ( heal?y fea!rs1 & c be usually detect$ by a judge :o has 8 wits ab\t him & is on ! al]t4 ,/ill1 !y are sometimes s clev]ly doctor$ z to defy discov]y1 unless subject$ to su* h>% treatm5t z few judges feel ju/ifi$ 9 us+ ^u m]e suspicion4 ,a d>k1 glossy1 %>ply-edg$ tail on a cock ) v slight w+-b>s %\ld always excite suspicion4 ,ano!r frequ5t practice is dye+ fea!rs4 ,?is is (t5 detect$ by ! abs5ce ( ! glossy appe>ance se5 on ! rema9d] ( ! plumage4 ,frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 (f-color$ fea!rs w be pluck$ out1 skillfully color$ & gloss$1 & successfully re9/at$ 9 _! places1 ) little *ance ( _! be+ discov]$4 ,9 spangl$ & p5cil$ birds1 imp]fect m>k+s or blot*es are (t5 blea*$ out ) acids1 & prop] m>k+s giv5 ! fea!rs ) grease-pa9ts1 :i* assimilate ) ! oily sub/ance 9 ! fea!r1 & r5d] detection almo/ impossible4 ,^! v>i\s frauds make ! task ( a consci5ti\s ,hamburg judge "o ( unusual anxiety & responsibility4 ,we may be blam$ = m5tion+ ^! vile practices1 b we believe t any evil t may arise f our furni%+ h9ts to ! unscrupul\s w be m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by putt+ judges on _! gu>d :o are mu* too apt to pass ov] ^! po9ts rapidly & c>elessly4 ,! ?ird division treats ( symmetry1 & "r "h let u say t !re is no po9t 9 judg+ ,hamburgs s mu* neglect$ z ?is mo/ important "o4 ,we 7 dismay$ to he> a judge1 :o 0 exam9+ birds rec5tly1 say3 8,y are pretty safe to cut a ,hamburg "o po9t = symmetry40 ,:at did he mean8 ,simply1 we suppose1 t he knew s little ab\t ?is quality t he resolv$ to cov] 8 ignorance by refus+ to admit any bird to be p]fect 9 ?is respect4 ,!re are too _m judges1 alas1 :o agree ) him1 because !y "k n :at symmetry means4 ,we h describ$ ! symmetry ( ,hamburgs "u ! head+ ( ! ,black v>iety1 & s ne$ n repeat x4 ,only let u aga9 w>n judges to discrim9ate betwe5 ! undesirable ,game %ape1 & ! equally improp] ,dork+ m\ld 9 judg+ ^! birds4 ,! ,hamburg symmetry is peculi> to ! bre$1 & _c be mi/ak51 & z fully "o-half ! birds exhibit$ incl9e ei!r to ! ,game or ,dork+ symmetry1 ! di/9ct diff]5ce 9 %ape %\ld be und]/ood by e judge1 & sev]ely cut if n correct4 ,our la/ division ref]s to condition1 & ?is1 also1 is ( mu* importance 9 judg+ ,hamburgs4 ,x c\nts f five to t5 po9ts 9 mak+ up a p]fect bird1 & we believe !re is n "o case out ( t5 :]e d>k or du/y plumage1 discolor$ comb or soil$ legs are cut by ! judge4 ,unless ! bird has decid$ symptoms ( r\p1 or o!r disease1 x is simply pass$ ov]4 ,a good judge inv>iably makes ! po9t ( condition a prim>y "o4 ,x means a fre%1 well-kept condition ( ! comb & head1 a f9e1 glossy plumage1 upright & active appe>ance1 & clean1 %9+ legs4 ,!re is an indescribable diff]5ce betwe5 a heal?y1 active1 well-br$ bird & "o t1 al?\gh x may be desc5d$ f pure /ock1 hav+ correct m>k+s & ! l1 yet lacks vivacity1 _s & a g5]al air ( ari/ocracy4 ,if !re be "o bre$ ( f[ls above o!rs m wor?y ( be+ call$ ! 8upp]-cru/ ( p\ltry-dom10 we are incl9$ to ! op9ion ! bre$ "u our consid]ation is t "o4 ,n[1 e man is n fitt$ to become a good judge ( p\ltry1 ev5 if he g ?r\gh ! regul> process1 any m ?an e "o c become an exact musician by und]go+ ! necess>y c\rse ( tra9+4 ,!re is an inborn some?+ t di/+ui%es "o p]son f ano!r & c]ta9 x is t ideas ( =m1 grace & color+1 above ! ord9>y1 are to be f\nd 9 ! composition ( our be/ judges4 ,! "q is (t5 ask$ by (fic]s ( agricultural & horticultural fairs1 z well z by ^? ( p\ltry exhibitions1 if x is n possible to h aw>ds made )\t produc+ ! h>d feel+s & unsatisfactory results g5]ally foll[+4 ,& we answ]1 8,no60--z long z no m pa9s are tak5 9 ! selection ( judges on ! score ( _! p>ticul> fitness = ! position !y are call$ ^u to fill4 ,on _! effici5cy turn ! que/ions ( success1 h>mony1 & ! keep+ & secur+ ( ! public confid5ce & patronage4 ,we hope we h n be5 too sev]e ^u judges 9 ?is *apt]4 ,a really good judge w see ! =ce ( our argum5ts1 & 9 ! case ( ! indiff]5t ones1 we tru/ v]bum sapi5tibus omnes e/4