,o!r ,works by ,walt] ,crane ,cr[n #hvo1 #fs4 net ea* ,,! ,,bases ,,( ,,design ,,) #bjj ,,illu/rations ,,l9e ,,& ,,=m ,,) #aeg ,,illu/rations ,,! ,,decorative ,,illu/ration ,,( ,,books ,,old ,,& ,,new ,,) #afe ,,illu/rations ,m$ium #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net ,,ideals ,,9 ,,art ,,pap]s ,,!oretical1 ,,practical1 ,,critical ,,) ,,title-,,page1 ,,end-,,pap]s1 ,,& ,,cov] ,,design$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or1 ,,& ,,num]\s ,,illu/rations ,,london3 ,g4 ,,bell ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 ,,william ,,morris ,,to ,,:i/l] ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,morris ,,to ,,:i/l] ,,pap]s ,,& ,,addresses ,,on ,,art ,,& ,,craft ,,& ,,! ,,commonweal ,,by ,,walt] ,,crane ,,) ,,illu/rations ,,f ,,draw+s ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,o!r ,,s\rces ,,london3 ,g ,,bell ,,sons ,,ltd ,,york ,,h\se ,,portugal ,s,t ,w4,c4 #aiaa ,,*iswick ,,press3 ,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co4 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,london4 ,,preface ,( ! collect$ pap]s & addresses :i* =m ?is book1 ! op5+ "o ^u ,william ,morris 0 compos$ ( an address to ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild1 an article :i* appe>$ 9 ,! ,progressive ,review1 at ! in/ance ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson1 & a long] illu/rat$ article writt5 = ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 & n[ repr9t$ ) ! illu/rations by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 to :om my ?anks are due4 ,! ,sociali/ ,ideal z a ,new ,inspiration 9 ,art 0 writt5 = ,! ,int]national ,review1 :5 x appe>$ "u ! editor%ip ( ,dr4 ,rudolph ,broda1 z ! ,engli% edition ( ,docum5ts du ,progrs4 ,! ,engli% ,revival 9 ,decorative ,art appe>$ 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review1 & ,i h to ?ank ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,c\rtney = all[+ me to repr9t x4 ,x has "s additions4 ,notes on ,e>ly ,italian ,gesso ,"w1 0 writt5 = ,messrs4 ,george ,newnes's ,magaz9e ( ! ,f9e ,arts ) ! illu/rations1 & ,i am oblig$ to !m = leave to use bo? aga94 ,notes on ,col\r ,embroid]y & its ,treatm5t 0 writt5 at ,mrs4 ,*ri/ie's reque/ = ,embroid]y1 :i* %e edit$1 & ,i h ,messrs4 ,pe>sall's au?ority to include x "h4 ,! ,apo!osis ( ',! ,butt]fly' 0 a review writt5 = ,! ,ev5+ ,news1 & ,i ?ank ! editor = lett+ me pr9t x aga94 ,x appe>s n[1 h[ev]1 ) a diff]5t title1 & consid]able additions4 ,a ,%ort ,survey ( ! ,art ( ! ,c5tury appe>$ 9 a j\rnal1 ! "n ( :i* has escap$ me1 b x has be5 l>gely rewritt5 & add$ to s9ce4 ,= ! re/1 ,mod]n ,aspects ( ,life & ! ,s5se ( ,beauty 0 orig9ally address$ z ! op5+ ( a debate at ! ,pione] ,club1 9 :i* my late fri5d ,lewis ,f4 ,day 0 my oppon5t1 & my *ief support] 0 ,mr4 ,j4 ,ramsay ,macdonald1 ,m4,p4 ,art & ! ,commonweal 0 an address to ! ,/ud5ts ( ,art at ,arm/rong ,college1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 & ! pap] ,on ,"s ( ! ,arts alli$ to ,ar*itecture 0 giv5 be=e ! ,ar*itectural ,association4 ,t ,on ! ,/udy & ,practice ( ,art 0 deliv]$ 9 ,man*e/] be=e ! ,art ,s*ool ,committee & ,city au?orities1 & ! ,notes on ,animals 9 ,art to ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild 9 ,london4 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,k5s+ton1 ,septemb] #aiaa4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,william ,,morris ,,& ,,8 ,,"w #c ,,! ,,engli% ,,revival ,,9 ,,decorative ,,art #dg ,,! ,,sociali/ ,,ideal ,,z ,a ,,new ,,inspiration ,,9 ,,art #hc ,,on ,,! ,,/udy ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,art #aje ,,on ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,alli$ ,,to ,,ar*itecture #abe ,,notes ,,on ,,col\r ,,embroid]y ,,& ,,its ,,treatm5t #adi ,,notes ,,on ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,gesso ,,"w #afc ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,animals ,,9 ,,art #ahe ,,mod]n ,,aspects ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,beauty #bjg ,a ,,%ort ,,survey ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury1 ,,*iefly ,,9 ,,engl&1 ,,) ,,"s ,,notes ,,on ,,rec5t ,,developm5ts #bbc ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,commonweal #bda ,,! ,,apo!osis ,,( ,,! ,,butt]fly #bei ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,portrait ( ,william ,morris4 ,f a photograph by ,em]y ,walk] #b ,p5-,sket* ( ,morris ,speak+ f a ,wagon 9 ,hyde ,p>k4 ,by ,walt] ,crane #ae ,design = ,wall-pap]4 ,! ,daisy #ah ,design = ,wall-pap]4 ,rose ,trellis #ai ,wooll5 ,hang+4 ,! ,peacock #bb ,design = ,silk ,hang+ #bc ,cotton ,pr9t4 ,ev5lode #be ,kelmscott ,h\se4 ,meet+ ,room ( ! ,hamm]smi? ,sociali/ ,society #bg ,pages f ,morris's ,,ms4 ( ,om> ,khayym #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc ,p5 ,design by ,walt] ,crane #dg1 #hc ,progressive blackbo>d practice 9 ,bi-,manual ,tra9+ f ,new ,me?ods 9 ,education by ,lib]ty ,tadd #aji ,patt]ns ( ,roman ,mosaic ,pavem5t1 f ! ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla #abi1 #acj1 #aca ,patt]ns 9 ,pla9 ,lead+1 f ,! ,glazi]'s ,booke #adc ,russian ,peasant ,embroid]y3 ,bl\se 9 ,cross ,/it* #aea ,cretan ,embroid]y #aec ,embroid]$ ,cov] f ,bokh>a #aee ,orig9al ,design = ,embroid]$ ,hang+1 by ,walt] ,crane #aeg ,examples ( ,e>ly ,italian ,gesso ,"w 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum7 #afg-aha ,egyptian ,treatm5t ( ,birds4 ,eighte5? dyna/y1 ,hi]oglyphics4 ,!bes #ahf ,assyrian ,lion #ahg ,p]sian ,lion #ahh ,egyptian ,lion #ahh ,graeco-,buddhi/ ,lions f ,s>na? #ahi ,animal ,=ms f ,e>ly ,greek ,pott]y #aia ,engli% ,h]aldic ,lions4 ,?irte5? ,c5tury #aic ,birds & ,animals 9 ,sicilian ,textiles4 ,?irte5? ,c5tury4 7,f ,fi%ba*7 #aie1 #aif1 #aig ,japanese ,birds4 ,f ! ,hundr$ ,birds ( ,b>i #aii ,/one ,c>v+s at ,gwalior #bjj1 #bja1 #bjb1 #bjc ,lion by ,alfr$ ,/ev5s #bjd ,p5 ,designs by ,walt] ,crane #bjg1 #bbc1 #bda ,butt]fly ,device #bei ,portrait ( ,:i/l]4 ,aft] ,*>coal ,draw+ by ,himself #bfa ,! ,?ames 9 ,ice #bfg ,panels f ! ,peacock ,room #bfi ,,errata 7,,tn3 ,^! corrections h be5 appli$47 ,page #ej1 l9e #d f foot1 = ,burgess read ,burges4 ,page #ib1 l9e #b1 = ,le ,?angue read ,la ,?angue4 ,page #acd1 l9e #ad1 = give read gives4 ,page #aij1 l9e #g f foot1 = ,fr+e read ,frieze4 ,page #aih1 l9e #b f foot1 = ,c5tral ,prov9ces read ,c5tral ,india4 ,,william ,,morris ,,& ,,8 ,,"w ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,william ,,morris4 ,,f ,a ,,photograph ,,by ,,em]y ,,walk]4 ,,william ,,morris ,,& ,,8 ,,"w ,if x is agre$ t art1 aft] all1 may be summ$ up z ! expression ( "*1 x foll[s t ! m we realize an arti/'s p]sonality ! cle>] und]/&+ we %all get ( 8 "w4 ,s rem>kable a p]sonality z t ( ,william ,morris mu/ h left _m di/9ct1 & at ! same "t diff]5t1 impressions ^u ! m9ds ( ^? :o knew him1 or enjoy$ 8 fri5d%ip 9 life4 ,x is difficult to realize t fifte5 ye>s h pass$ away s9ce he left u2 b f ! d>k & blurr$ backgr\nd ( *ang+ ye>s 8 "* & "w def9e !mselves1 & 8 position & influ5ce take _! true place1 :ile 8 memory1 l "s ma/]ly portrait1 rema9s cle> & vivid 9 our m9ds--re-pres5t$ z x 7 9 ! sev]e b ref9$ draughtsman%ip ( "t4 ,) s di/9ct & massive an individuality x 0 /range to he> him say1 z ,i once did1 t ( ! six diff]5t p]sonalities he recogniz$ )9 himself at diff]5t times he (t5 wond]$ :i* 0 ! real ,william ,morris6 ,^? :o knew him1 h[ev]1 7 aw>e ( _m diff]5t sides1 & we "k t ! idle dream] ( an empty day 0 also ! en?usia/ic arti/ & craftsman1 & c\ld become ! man ( passionate action on occasion1 or ! %rewd man ( bus9ess1 or ! ke5 politician also1 z well z ! quiet obs]v] ( nature & life4 ,ev5 ! some:at ,johnsonian absolut5ess & emphasis ( expression :i* *>act]iz$ him g5]ally1 w\ld occasionally give way to an op5-to-conviction mann]1 :5 tackl$ by a s9c]e & /raight=w>d que/ion]4 ,b ,morris 0 above & be=e all else a poet--a practical poet1 if "o may use su* a t]m--& ?is expla9s ! :ole ( 8 "w4 ,n t p]sonally he at all answ]$ to ! popul> conv5tional idea ( a poet1 r ! rev]se1 & he 0 any?+ b a s5tim5tali/4 ,he hat$ bo? ! introspective & ! rhetorical s*ool1 & he nev] pos$4 ,he lov$ romance & 0 /eep$ 9 m$iaeval lore1 b x 0 a real liv+ _w to him1 & ! glimpses he gives u are ^? ( an actual spectator4 ,x is n ar*aeology1 x is life1 q z vivid to him1 p]haps m s ?an t ( ! pres5t day4 ,he lov$ nature1 he lov$ beautiful detail1 he lov$ patt]n1 he lov$ col\r--r$ & blue he us$ to say 9 8 full-blood$ way4 ,8 patt]ns are decorative poems 9 t]ms ( =m & col\r4 ,8 poems & romances are decorative patt]ns 9 =ms ( spee* & rhyme4 ,8 dream _w & 8 ideal _w 7 l "o ( 8 own tape/ries--a gre5 field />r$ ) vivid fl[]s ^u :i* mov$ ! noble & beautiful figures ( 8 romantic imag9ation1 z di/9ct 9 type & col\r z h]aldic *>ges4 ,textile design int]e/$ him pr(\ndly & occupi$ him greatly1 & "o may trace its influ5ce1 ,i ?9k1 ?r\gh\t 8 "w--ev5 9 8 ,kelmscott ,press bord]s4 ,"o might almo/ say t he _h a textile imag9ation1 8 poems & romances seem to be wov5 9 ! loom ( 8 m9d1 & to enfold ! read] l a magic web4 ,b ?\gh he ca/ 8 conceptions 9 ! =ms & dress ( a pa/ age1 he took 8 inspiration /raight f nature & life4 ,8 poems are full ( ,engli% l&scapes1 & ?r\gh ! woods ( 8 romances "o might come ^u a rea* ( ! silv]y ,?ames at any mom5t4 ,! riv] he lov$ w9ds ?r\gh ! :ole ( 8 delightful ,sociali/ic ,utopia 9 ,news f ,n[h]e4 ,z a craftsman & an arti/ work+ ) assi/ants & 9 ! c\rse ( 8 bus9ess he 0 br\ght face to face ) ! mod]n conditions ( lab\r & manufacture1 & 0 =c$ to ?9k ab\t ! political economy ( art4 ,accept+ ! economic tea*+ ( ,john ,rusk91 he w5t mu* fur!r & gave 8 allegiance to ! bann] ( ,socialism1 "u :i*1 h[ev]1 he f\nd$ 8 own s*ool & _h 8 own foll[+1 & conduct$ 8 own newspap]4 ,f ! dream _w ( romance1 & f ! seque/]$ g>d5 ( design1 he plung$ into ! ?ick ( ! fight = human fre$om1 9 :i*1 he held1 0 involv$ ! v exi/5ce ( art4 ,ev] & anon he return$ to 8 sanctu>y--8 work%op--to fa%ion "s new ?+ ( beauty1 9 v]se or craftsman%ip1 9 :i* we see ! results ( 8 lab\r 9 s _m directions4 ,he c]ta9ly seem$ to h possess$ a l>g] & full] measure ( vitality & en]gy ?an mo/ m5--p]haps su* extra vitality is ! di/9ction ( g5ius--b ! v /r5u\sness ( 8 nature probably %ort5$ ! duration ( 8 life4 ,!re 7 nev] any half-measures ) him1 b ev]y?+ he took up1 he w5t into s]i\sly1 nay1 passionately1 ) ! :ole =ce ( 8 be+4 ,8 p[] ( conc5tration 7! secret ( great work]s7 0 enorm\s1 & 0 sp5t f "t to "t 9 a multitude ( ways1 b :e!r 9 ! eag] se>* = decorative beauty1 8 c>e = ! pres]vation ( anci5t build+s1 9 ! delight ( anci5t saga1 /ory1 or romance1 or 9 ! battle = ! welf>e ( mank9d1 l "o ( 8 own *iefta9s & h]oes1 he always made 8 pres5ce felt1 & z ! practical pione] & ! ma/]-craftsman 9 ! revival ( ,engli% design & h&icraft 8 memory w always be held 9 hon\r4 ,8 dea? m>k$ an epo* bo? 9 art & 9 social & economic ?\ght4 ,! press notices & appreciations t h appe>$ f "t to "t = ! mo/ "p h dwelt ^u 8 "w z a poet & an arti/ & craftsman1 & h b lightly pass$ ov] 8 connection ) ,socialism & advanc$ ?\ght4 ,b1 ev5 ap>t f prejudice1 a hundr$ w note ! beauty & spl5d\r ( ! fl[] to "o :o w notice ! leaf & ! /em1 or ! roots & ! soil f :i* ! tree spr+s4 ,yet ! greatness ( a man mu/ be measur$ by ! numb] ( sph]es 9 :i* he is di/+ui%$--! wid? ( 8 range & appeal to 8 fell[s4 ,9 ! diff]5t bran*es ( 8 "w ,william ,morris comm&$ ! admiration1 or1 :at is equally a tribute to 8 =ce1 excit$ ! opposition--( z _m diff]5t sections ( speciali/s4 ,z a poet he appeal$ to poets by reason ( _m di/9ct qualities4 ,he unit$ pre-,raphaelite vividness 7z 9 ,! ,hay/ack 9 ! ,floods71 ) a dream-l1 wi/ful sweetness & *>m ( fl[+ n>rative1 wov5 9 a k9d ( ri* m$iaeval tape/ry ( v]se1 & /eep$ ) ! v ess5ce ( leg5d>y romance z 9 ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise2 or ) ! h]oic _s ( e>li] "t1 z 9 ,sigurd ! ,volsung1 :ile all ^! qualities are comb9$ 9 8 lat] prose romances4 ,8 ar*itectural & ar*aeological k aga9 0 complete en\gh = ! ar*itect & ! antiqu>y4 ,8 classical & hi/orical lore won him ! respect ( s*ol>s4 ,8 equipm5t z a design] & craftsman1 bas$ ^u 8 ar*itectural k & tra9+ enabl$ him to ex]cise an extraord9>y influ5ce ov] all ! arts ( design1 & gave him 8 place z lead] ( our latt]-day ,engli% revival ( h&icraft--a position p]haps 9 :i* he is wide/ kn[n4 ,9 all ^! capacities ! /r5g? & beauty ( ,william ,morris's "w has be5 freely ackn[l$g$ by 8 bro!r craftsm51 z well z by a v l>ge public4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 /ill ano!r direction 9 :i* 8 vig\r & p]sonal weight 7 ?r[n ) all ! ard\r ( an exceptionally ard5t nature1 :]e9 ! importance & significance ( 8 "w is z yet b p>tially appreh5d$--,i mean 8 "w 9 ! cause ( ,socialism1 9 :i* he might sev]ally be reg>d$ z an economi/1 a public lectur]1 a propag&i/1 a controv]siali/4 ,no d\bt _m ev5 ( ! mo/ emphatic admir]s ( ,william ,morris's "w z an arti/1 a poet1 & a decorator h be5 unable to foll[ him 9 ?is direction1 :ile o!rs h deplor$1 or ev5 d5\nc$1 8 self-sacrific+ en?usiasm4 ,!re seems to h be5 insup]able difficulty to "s m9ds 9 realiz+ t ! man :o wrote ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise %\ld h l5t a h& to try to br+ x ab\t1 :5 once ! new hope _h dawn$ ^u him4 ,!re is no great] mi/ake ?an to ?9k ( ,william ,morris z a s5tim5tali/1 :o1 hav+ built himself a dream-h\se ( art & poetry1 sighs ov] ! turmoil ( ! _w1 & calls himself a ,sociali/ because factory *imneys obtrude !mselves ^u 8 view4 ,x seems to h escap$ ^? :o h incl9$ to su* an op9ion t a man1 9 ,em]son's phrase1 c only obey 8 own pol>ity4 ,8 life mu/ gravitate necess>ily t[>ds its c5tre4 ,! accid5t t he %\ld h rea*$ economics & politics ?r\gh poetry & art1 s f> f disqualify+ a man to be he>d1 only e/abli%es 8 claim to br+ a cultivat$ m9d & imag9ative =ce to be> ^u ! h>d facts ( nature & sci5ce4 ,! practice ( 8 art1 8 position z an employ] ( lab\r1 8 int5sely practical k ( c]ta9 h&icrafts1 all ^! ?+s br\ght him face to face ) ! great ,lab\r "q2 & ! fact t he 0 an arti/ & a poet1 a man ( imag9ation & feel+ z well z intellect1 gave him exceptional advantages 9 solv+ x--at lea/ !oretically4 ,8 practical nature & s9c]ity mov$ him to jo9 h&s ) m5 :o (f]$ a practical programme1 or at lea/ :o op5$ up possibilities ( action t[>ds br++ ab\t a new social sy/em4 ,8 own p]sonal view ( a society bas$ ^u an entire *ange ( economic sy/em is mo/ attractively & picturesquely describ$ 9 ,news f ,n[h]e1 "s ,*apt]s ( a ,utopian ,romance4 ,he call$ x ,utopian1 b1 9 8 view1 & grant+ ! conditions1 x 0 a p]fectly practical ,utopia4 ,he ev5 gave an acc\nt 7?r\gh ! m\? ( a survivor ( ! old ord]7 ( ! probable c\rse ( ev5ts :i* might lead up to su* a *ange4 ,! book 0 writt5 z a sort ( c\nt]bla/ to ,edw>d ,bellamy's ,look+ ,backw>d1 :i* on its appe>ance 0 v widely read on bo? sides ( ! wat]1 & !re seem$ at ! "t "s dang] ( ! picture !re giv5 ( a socializ$ /ate be+ accept$ z ! only possible "o4 ,x may be p>tly answ]able = an impression 9 "s qu>t]s t a ,sociali/ sy/em mu/ necess>ily be me*anical4 ,b ! society describ$ 9 ,look+ ,backw>d is1 aft] all1 only a little m develop$ along ! pres5t l9es ( ,am]ican social life--a sublimation ( ! univ]sal supply ( av]age citiz5 wants by me*anical means1 ) ! ma9spr+ ( ! ma*9e alt]$ f individual pr(it to collective int]e/4 ,?is book1 mo/ +5i\sly ?\ght out z x 01 did its "w1 no d\bt1 & appeal$ ) rem>kable =ce to m9ds ( a c]ta9 con/ruction & bias1 & x is only j to ,bellamy to say t he claim$ no f9ality = x4 ,b ,news f ,n[h]e may be consid]$--ap>t f ! und]ly+ pr9ciple1 common to bo?1 ( ! collective welf>e z ! det]m9+ con/ructive factor ( ! social sy/em--z its complete anti!sis4 ,accord+ to ,bellamy1 x is app>5tly ! city life t is ! only "o likely to be wor? any?+1 & x is to ! organization ( production & di/ribution ( ?+s contribut+ to ! suppos$ necessities & com=ts ( inhabitants ( cities t ! read]'s ?\ghts are direct$4 ,) ,morris ! c\ntry life is obvi\sly ! mo/ important1 ! ideal life4 ,gr\ps ( h\ses1 n too l>ge to be neighb\rly1 ea* ) a common gue/-hall1 ) l>ge proportions ( g>d5s & woodl&1 take ! place ( cr[d$ t[ns4 ,?us ,london1 z we "k x1 disappe>s4 ,:at is ?is b build+ ^u ! asc]ta9$ sci5tific facts ( our day1 t ! inhabitants ( l>ge cities t5d to det]iorate 9 physique1 & w\ld die out 7 x n = ! con/ant infusion ( new blood f ! c\ntry di/ricts8 ,"w is /ill a h>d necessity 9 ,look+ ,backw>d1 a ?+ to be got rid ( z soon z possible1 s citiz5s1 aft] s]v+ ! community z cl]ks1 wait]s1 or :at n1 until ! age ( =ty-five1 are exempt4 ,) ,morris1 "w gives ! ze/ to life1 & all lab\r has its own t\* ( art--ev5 ! du/man c indulge 9 x 9 ! =m ( ri* embroid]y ^u 8 coat4 ,! bogey ( lab\r is ?us r\t$ by its own pleasurable ex]cise1 ) ample leisure1 & delight 9 ext]nal beauty 9 bo? art & nature4 ,z reg>ds ! woman's "q1 x nev]1 9 8 ,utopia1 appe>s to be ask$4 ,he evid5tly himself ?\ght t ) ! disappe>ance ( ! comm]cial competitive /ruggle = exi/5ce & :at he t]m$ artificial fam9e caus$ by monopoly ( ! means ( exi/5ce1 ! claim ( wom5 to compete ) m5 9 ! scramble = a liv+ w\ld n exi/4 ,!re w\ld be no necessity = ei!r m5 or wom5 to sell !mselves1 s9ce 9 a truly co-op]ative commonweal? ea* "o w\ld f9d "s cong5ial sph]e ( "w4 ,9 fact1 z ,morris once said1 settle ! economic "q & y settle all o!r que/ions4 ,x is ! ,a>on's rod :i* swall[s up ! re/4 ,i ga!r t :ile he ?\ght bo? m5 & wom5 %\ld be economically free1 & !re=e socially & politically free1 & free to *oose _! occupation1 he by no means wi%$ to ignore or oblit]ate sex di/9ctions1 & all ^? subtle & f9e feel+s :i* arise f x1 :i* really =m ! w>p & weft ( ! c\rtesies & relation%ips ( life4 ,n[1 :atev] criticisms might be (f]$1 or :atev] objections might be rais$1 su* a conception ( a possible social ord]1 su* a view ( life ^u a new economic basis z is pa9t$ 9 ?is delightful book1 is surely1 be=e all ?+s1 rem>kably :olesome1 human1 & sane1 & pleasurable4 ,if :olesome1 human1 sane1 & pleasurable lives are n possible to ! great] "p ( humanity "u exi/+ in/itutions1 s mu* ! worse = ^? in/itutions4 ,humanity has g5]ally prov$ itself bett] ?an its in/itutions1 & man is *iefly di/+ui%$ above o!r animals by 8 p[] to modify 8 conditions4 ,life1 at lea/1 means gr[? & *ange1 & human evolution %[s u a gradual progression--a gradual triumph ( high] organization & intellig5ce ov] l[]1 *eck$ by ! inexorable action ( natural laws1 :i* dem& rep>ation = brea*es ( moral & social law1 & cont9ually probe ! f\ndations ( society4 ,man has become :at he is ?r\gh 8 capacity = co-op]ative social action4 ,! p>ticul> =ms ( social organization are ! cry/allization ( ?is capacity4 ,!y are b %ells to be ca/ away :5 !y ret>d gr[? or progress1 & x is !n t ! liv+ organism1 collective or individual1 seeks out or sl[ly =ms a new home4 ,z to ! con/ruction & col\r ( su* a new h\se = reorganiz$ society & reg5]at$ life1 ,william ,morris has left u 9 no d\bt z to 8 own ideas & ideals4 ,x may seem /range t a man :o might be said to h be5 /eep$ 9 m$iaeval lore1#a & ^: delight seem$ to be 9 a beautifully imag9$ _w ( romance peopl$ ) h]oic figures1 %\ld yet be able to turn f t dream _w ) a cle> & p5etrat+ gaze ^u ! movem5ts ( 8 own "t1 & to h ?r[n himself ) all ! /r5g? ( 8 nature into ! see?+ social & indu/rial battle ( mod]n ,engl&4 ,t ! idle s+] ( an empty day %\ld voice ! claims & hopes ( ,lab\r1 /& up = ! rights ( free spee* 9 ,trafalg> ,squ>e1 & speak f a wagon 9 ,hyde ,p>k1 may h surpris$ ^? :o only knew him ^u "o side1 b to ^? :o fully appreh5d$ ! reality1 ard\r1 & s9c]ity ( 8 nature1 su* action 0 b its logical outcome & complem5t1 & assur$ly x r$\nds to ! hon\r ( ! arti/1 ! s*ol>1 & ! poet ^: loss we /ill feel1 t he 0 also a man4 ,few m5 seem$ to dr9k s full a measure ( life z ,william ,morris1 &1 inde$1 he frankly admitt$ 9 8 la/ days t he _h enjoy$ 8 life4 ,i h he>d him say t he only knew :at x 0 to be alive4 ,he c\ld n conceive ( dea?1 & ! ?\ght ( x did n tr\ble him4 ,illu/ration3 ,william ,morris speak+ f a wagon 9 ,hyde ,p>k1 ,may #a #ahid ,i fir/ met ,william ,morris 9 #ahgj1 at a d9n] at ! h\se ( ! late ,e>l ( ,c>lisle1 a man ( ke5 arti/ic sympa?ies & consid]able arti/ic ability1 notably 9 wat]-col\r l&scapes4 ,he 0 an en?usia/ = ! "w ( ,morris & ,burne-,jones1 & _h j built 8 h\se at ,palace ,gre5 f ! designs ( ,mr4 ,philip ,webb1 & ,morris & ,company _h decorat$ x4 ,morris1 ,i rememb]1 _h j return$ f a visit to ,icel&1 & c\ld h>dly talk ( any?+ else4 ,x seem$ to h laid s /rong a hold ^u 8 imag9ation2 & no d\bt its lit]>y fruits 7 ! translations ( ! ,icel&ic sagas he produc$ ) ,pr(essor ,magnsson1 & also ! h]oic poem ( ,sigurd ! ,volsung4 ,he nev]1 inde$1 seem$ to lose ! impressions ( t ,icel&ic visit1 & 0 ev] ready to talk ( 8 exp]i5ces !re--! primitive life ( ! p1 ! long pony rides1 ! /range1 /ony des]ts1 ! remote m\nta9s1 ! geys]s & ! sugge/ions ( volcanic =ce ev]y:]e1 & ! romance-haunt$ coa/s4 ,i well rememb]1 too1 ! impression produc$ by ! fir/ volume ( ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 :i* _h appe>$1 ,i ?9k1 %ortly be=e ! "t ( :i* ,i speak3 ! ri* & flu5t v]se1 ) its simple1 direct1 ,old ,_w diction2 ! di/9ct vision1 ! romantic *>m1 ! s5se ( ext]nal beauty ev]y:]e1 ) a t\* ( wi/fulness4 ,! voice 0 ! voice ( a poet1 b ! eye 0 ! eye ( an arti/ & a craftsman4 ,x 0 n s long be=e t ! fame began to spread ( ! little bro!rhood ( arti/s :o ga!r$ toge!r at ! ,r$ ,h\se1 ,bexley ,hea?1 built by ,mr4 ,philip ,webb1 x 0 said1 9 an or*>d )\t cutt+ d[n a s+le tree4 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti 0 ! c5tre ( ! gr\p1 ! lead+ _s1 & he _h absorb$ ! _s ( ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t & c5traliz$ x bo? 9 pa9t+ & v]se4 ,b o!rs co-op]at$ at fir/1 su* z 8 ma/]1 ,=d ,madox ,br[n1 & ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,hughes1 until ! committee ( arti/s n>r[$ d[n1 & became a firm1 e/abli%+ work%ops 9 "o ( ! old-fa%ion$ h\ses on ! ea/ side ( ,que5 ,squ>e1 ,bloomsbury1 a retir$ place1 clos$ by a g>d5 to ?r\gh traffic at ! nor!rn end4 ,"h ,messrs4 ,morris1 ,m>%all1 ,faulkn] & ,co4 7:i* includ$ a v notable man1 ,mr4 ,philip ,webb1 ! ar*itect7 began _! practical prote/ aga9/ prevail+ modes & me?ods ( dome/ic decoration & furniture1 :i* _h fall5 s9ce ! great exhibition ( #ahea *iefly "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,second ,empire ta/e 9 uphol/]y1 :i* 0 ! anti!sis ( ! new ,engli% movem5t4 ,?is latt] repres5t$ 9 ! ma9 a revival ( ! m$iaeval _s 7n ! lett]7 9 design2 a return to simplicity1 to s9c]ity2 to good mat]ials & s\nd workman%ip2 to ri* & sugge/ive surface decoration1 & simple con/ructive =ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,wall-,,pap]4 ,,! ,,daisy4 ,! simple1 black-fram$1 old ,engli% ,buck+ham%ire elb[-*air1 ) its ru%-bottom$ seat1 0 sub/itut$ = ! wavy-back$ & curly-legg$ /uff$ *air ( ! p]iod1 ) its ,fr5* poli% & conceal$1 & (t5 v unreliable1 con/ruction4 ,bord]$ ,ea/]n rugs1 & fr+$ ,axm9/] c>pets1 on pla9 or /a9$ bo>ds1 or ,india matt+1 took ! place ( ! /uffy plann$ c>pet2 ri*1 or simple1 flat patt]ns ackn[l$g$ ! wall1 & express$ ! proportions ( ! room1 in/ead ( try+ to hide bo? "u bun*es ( sket*y roses & v]tical /ripes2 :ile1 in/ead ( ! big plate-glass mirror1 ) ormolu frame1 :i* _h long reign$ ov] ! cold :ite m>ble mantel-piece1 small bevell$ glasses 7 ins]t$ 9 ! panell+ ( ! high wood mantel-%elf1 or hung ov] x 9 convex circul> =m4 ,sl5d] black wood or light brass curta9 rods1 & curta9s to mat* ! cov]+s1 or c>ry out ! col\r ( ! room1 displac$ ! heavy mahogany & ormolu batt]+-rams1 ) _! fr+$ & fe/oon$ uphol/]y1 :i* _h hi!rto ov]%ad[$ ! w9d[ ( ! s-call$ com=table classes4 ,pla9 :ite or gre5 pa9t = int]ior wood-"w drove gra9+ & m>bl+ to ! public-h\se2 blue & :ite ,nank91 ,delft1 or ,grs de ,fl&res r\t$ ,dresd5 & ,svres f ! cab9et2 pla9 oak5 bo>ds & tre/les 7 pref]r$ be=e ! heavy mahogany telescopic ,briti% d9+-table ( ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury2 & ! deep1 high-back$1 canopi$ settle ) loose cu%ions ou/$ ! ca/or$ & padd$ c\* f ! fireside4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,wall-,,pap]4 ,,rose ,,trellis4 ,su* 7 ! pr9cipal ways1 z to outw>d =m1 9 :i* ! new arti/ic movem5t made itself felt 9 dome/ic decoration4 ,beg9n+ ) ! h\ses ( a comp>atively limit$ circle1 mo/ly arti/s1 ! ta/e rapidly spread1 & 9 a few ye>s ,morrisian patt]ns & furniture became ! vogue4 ,*eap imitation on all sides set 91 & comm]cial & fanta/ic p]sons1 p]ceiv+ ! set ( ! curr5t1 float$ !mselves ^u x1 trick$ !mselves out l jackdaws ) peacocks' fea!rs1 & call$ x ! ae/hetic movem5t4 ,! usual excesses 7 indulg$ 9 by excitable p]sons1 & ! inn] mean+ ( ! movem5t 0 tempor>ily lo/ sight ( "u a cl\d ( trave/y & ridicule1 until1 l a %uttlecock1 ! idea _h be5 suffici5tly play$ ) & toss$ ab\t by society & ! big public1 x 0 ?r[n aside1 l a *ild's toy1 = "s new cat*-^w4 ,^! ?+s 71 h[ev]1 b ! ripples or fall+ leaves ^u ! surface ( ! /ream1 & _h b little to d ) its s\rces or its dep?1 ?\gh !y might s]ve z indications ( ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t4 ,! art ( ,morris & ^? associat$ ) him 0 really b ! outw>d & visible sign ( a great movem5t ( prote/ & reaction aga9/ ! comm]cial & conv5tional conceptions & /&>ds ( life & art :i* _h obta9$ s /rong a hold 9 ! indu/rial n9ete5? c5tury4 ,ess5tially ,go?ic & romantic & free 9 _s z oppos$ to ! au?oritative & classical1 its lead] 0 emphatically & ev5 passionately ,go?ic 9 8 conception ( art & ideals ( life4 ,! inspiration ( 8 poetry 0 no less m$iaeval ?an ! _s ( 8 designs1 & x 0 unit$ ) a /rong love ( nature & an ard5t love ( beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wooll5 ,,hang+4 ,,! ,,peacock4 ,"o kn[s b little ( ,william ,morris's prog5itors4 ,8 "n sugge/s ,wel% orig91 ?\gh 8 bir?place 0 ,wal?am/[4 ,born #bd? ,m>* #ahcd1 "o ( a well-to-d family1 x 0 a =tunate circum/ance t he 0 nev] cramp$ by pov]ty 9 ! developm5t ( 8 aims4 ,escap+ ! ecclesia/ical influ5ce ( ,ox=d & a ,*ur* c>e]1 8 prophets be+ r ,john ,rusk9 & ,?omas ,c>lyle1 he approa*$ ! /udy & practice ( art f ! ar*itectural side "u "o ( our pr9cipal ,engli% ,go?ic revivali/s1 ,george ,edmund ,/reet1 al?\gh he at "o "t ent]ta9$ ! idea ( becom+ a pa9t]1 & ! v int]e/+ picture ( ,gu9ev]e :i* 0 %[n at "o ( ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibitions makes "o regret he did n d m 9 ?is way4 ,few m5 _h a bett] und]/&+ ( ! nature ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 & a wid] k ( ! hi/oric build+s ( 8 own c\ntry1 ?an ,william ,morris1 & !re c be no d\bt t ?is grasp ( ! true root & /em ( ! art 0 ( enorm\s advantage :5 he came to turn 8 att5tion to ! v>i\s subsidi>y arts & h&icrafts compreh5d$ "u decorative design4 ,! ?or\ghness ( 8 me?ods ( "w & workmanlike practicality 7 no less rem>kable ?an 8 amaz+ en]gy & capacity = "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,silk ,,hang+4 ,9 "o ( 8 e>li] pap]s he said t x appe>$ to be ! object ) mo/ p to get rid (1 or out (1 ! necessity ( "w1 b = 8 "p he only want$ to f9d "t = m "w1 or 7z x might be put7 to live 9 ord] to "w1 r ?an to "w 9 ord] to live4 ,:ile z a decorative design] he 01 ( c\rse1 int]e/$ 9 all me?ods1 mat]ials1 & arti/ic expression1 he conc5trat$ himself g5]ally ^u "o p>ticul> k9d at a "t1 z 9 ! c\rse ( 8 /udy & practice he ma/]$ ! difficulties & te*nical conditions ( ea*4 ,at "o "t x 0 dye+1 ^u :i* he held /rong views z to ! sup]iority1 p]man5cy1 & beauty ( vegetable dyes ov] ! m9]al & anil9e dyes1 s mu* us$ 9 ord9>y comm]ce1 & 8 practice 9 ?is craft1 & ! *>m ( 8 t9ts1 did mu* to *eck ! ta/e = ! vivid b fugitive col\rs ( coal-t>4 ,8 way 0 to tackle ! ?+ ) 8 own h&s1 & s he work$ at ! vat1 l ! practical man t he 0 9 ^! matt]s4 ,an old fri5d tells ! /ory ( 8 call+ at ! works "o day &1 on inquir+ = ! ma/]1 he>+ a /rong1 *e]y voice call out f "s inn] d51 ,i'm dye+1 ,i'm dye+1 ,i'm dye+6 & ! well-kn[n robu/ figure ( ! craftsman pres5tly appe>$ 9 8 blue %irt-sleeves1 8 h&s /a9$ blue f ! vat :]e he _h be5 at "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cotton ,,pr9t4 ,,ev5lode4 ,at ano!r "t x 0 weav+ t absorb$ him1 & ! /udy ( dye+ naturally l$ him to textiles1 &1 inde$1 0 probably und]tak5 ) ! view ( reviv+ _! manufacture 9 new =ms1 & f rugs & c>pets he conceiv$ ! idea ( reviv+ ,arras tape/ry4 ,i rememb] ! man :o claim$ to h taught ,morris to "w on ! high-w>p loom4 ,8 "n 0 ,w5twor? ,bull]4 ,he 0 an en?usia/ = ,p]sian art1 & he _h travell$ 9 t c\ntry & f\nd out ! secret ( ! weav+ ( ! f9e ,p]sian c>pets1 discov]+1 ,i believe1 t !y 7 made ( goats' hair4 ,he made "s attempt to revive ?is me?od 9 ,engl&1 b f "o cause or ano!r 0 n successful4 ,william ,morris1 :5 he _h le>n$ ! craft ( tape/ry weav+ himself1 set ab\t tea*+ o!rs1 & tra9$ two y\?s1 "o ( :om 7,mr4 ,de>le7 is n[ *ief at ! ,m]ton ,abbey ,works1 :o became exce$+ly skilful at ! "w1 execut+ ! l>ge & elaborate design ( ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones 7,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi71 :i* 0 fir/ work$ = ! *apel ( 8 own & ,morris's college 7,exet] ,college7 at ,ox=d4 ,9 ?is tape/ry1 z 0 8 wont1 ,morris enri*$ ! design ) a =egr\nd ( fl[]s1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,magi approa* ) _! gifts ! gr\p ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ) ,/4 ,joseph4 ,9 fact1 ! designs ( ,william ,morris are s associat$ ) & s (t5 =m "p ( ! "w ( o!rs or only appe> 9 "s condition$ mat]ial =m1 t little or no idea ( 8 individual "w1 or ( 8 wide influ5ce1 c\ld be ga!r$ f any exi/+ autograph "w ( 84 ,t he 0 a facile design] ( floral ornam5t 8 num]\s beautiful wall-pap]s & textile hang+s prove1 b he always consid]$ t ! f9i%$ & f9al =m ( a p>ticul> design1 complete 9 ! mat]ial = :i* x 0 int5d$1 0 ! only "o to be look$ at1 & always object$ to %[+ prelim9>y sket*es & work+ draw+s4 ,he 0 a ke5 judge & exam9] ( "w1 & fa/idi\s1 & z he did n m9d tak+ tr\ble himself he expect$ x f ^? :o work$ = him4 ,8 arti/ic influ5ce 0 really due to ! way he sup]vis$ "w "u 8 control1 c>ri$ out by _m diff]5t craftsm5 "u 8 eye1 & n s mu* by 8 own actual h&iwork4 ,9 any e/imate ( ,william ,morris's p[] & influ5ce z an arti/1 ?is %\ld always be borne 9 m9d4 ,he always describ$ himself z an arti/ work+ ) assi/ants1 :i* is di/9ct f ! manufactur] :o simply directs a bus9ess f ! bus9ess po9t ( view4 ,no?+ w5t out ( ! works at ,que5 ,squ>e1 or1 lat]1 at ,m]ton ,abbey1 )\t 8 sanction f ! arti/ic po9t ( view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kelmscott ,,h\se4 ,,meet+ ,,room ,,( ,,! ,,hamm]smi? ,,sociali/ ,,society4 ,! wave ( ta/e :i* he _h done s mu* to create c]ta9ly br\ght prosp]ity to ! firm1 & l>g] premises _h to be tak52 s ,morris & ,company em]g$ f ! seclusion ( ,que5 ,squ>e & op5$ a l>ge %op 9 ,ox=d ,/reet1 & set up ext5sive works at ,m]ton ,abbey--a mo/ *>m+ & picturesque gr\p ( work%ops1 surr\nd$ by trees & kit*5 g>d5s1 on ! banks ( ! riv] ,w&le 9 ,surrey1 n f> f ,wimbl$on4 ,! tape/ry & c>pet looms :i* 7 fir/ set up at ,kelmscott ,h\se1 on ! ,upp] ,mall at ,hamm]smi?1#b 7 mov$ to ,m]ton1 :]e also ! dye+ & pa9t$ glass-"w 7 c>ri$ on4 ,?is latt] art _h long be5 an important "p ( ! "w ( ! firm4 ,9 e>ly days designs 7 suppli$ by ,=d ,madox ,br[n & ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti1 b lat] !y 7 entirely f ! h&s ( ,morris's close/ fri5d1 ,edw>d ,burne-,jones2 t is to say1 ! figure-"w4 ,floral & subsidi>y design 7 frequ5tly add$ by ,william ,morris1 z 0 also ! lead+ ( ! c>toons4 ,! results ( _! co-op]ation 9 ?is way h be5 ! _m f9e w9d[s scatt]$ ov] ! l&1 *iefly at ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 :]e ! ,*ri/ ,*ur* w9d[ & ^? at ,jesus ,college may be nam$1 :ile ! *ur*es ( ,birm+ham h be5 enri*$ by _m spl5did examples1 m p>ticul>ly at ,/4 ,philip's4 ,_! glass has also f\nd place 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,ri*>dson's fam\s *ur* at ,bo/on1 & at ! late ,miss ,ca!r9e ,wolfe's h\se1 ,v9l&1 ,newport4 ,an exquisite autograph "w ( ,william ,morris's is ! copy ( ,! ,rubaiyat ( ,om> ,khayym1 :i* he wrote out & illum9at$ ) 8 own h&1 ?\gh ev5 to ?is "w ,burne-,jones contribut$ a m9iature1 & ,mr4 ,fairfax ,murray work$ out o!r designs 9 "s ( ! bord]s4 ,?is beautiful "w 0 exhibit$ at ! fir/ ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition 9 #ahhh4 ,x is 9 ! possession ( ,lady ,burne-,jones1 & by h] special p]mission ,i am enabl$ to give "s reproductions ( f\r ( ! pages "h4 ,x is s beautiful t "o wond]s ! arti/ 0 n induc$ to d m "w ( ! k9d2 b !re is only kn[n to be "o or two o!r manuscripts p>tially complet$ by him4 ,c]ta9ly 8 love = m$iaeval illum9at$ ,,mss4 0 int5se & 8 k great1 & 8 collection ( *oice & r>e works ( ?is k9d probably unique4 ,! same might be said ( 8 collection ( e>ly pr9t$ books1 :i* 0 wond]fully ri* ) wood-cuts ( ! be/ "t & f ! mo/ notable presses ( ,g]many1 ,fl&]s1 ,italy1 & ,france4 ,illu/ration3 #h ,,om> ,,khayyam ,alike = ^? :o = today prep>e ,& ^? t aft] a tomorr[ />e ,a muezz9 f ! ,t[] ( ,d>kness cries ,fools1 y\r rew>d is nei!r "h nor !re #be ,:y1 all ! sa9ts & sages :o discuss$ ,( ! ,two ,worlds s le>n$ly1 are ?ru/ ,l fooli% prophets =?1 _! words to scorn ,are scatt]$1 & _! m\?s are /opt ) du/ #bf ,o come ) old ,khayyam1 & leave ! wise ,to talk2 "o ?+ is c]ta91 t ,life flies2 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 & ! re/ is lies ,! fl[] t once has bl[n = ev] dies #bg ,myself :5 "y did eag]ly frequ5t ,doctor & sa9t1 & he>d great argum5t ,,f ,,morris',s ,,ms4 ,,( ,,om> ,,khayy,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,ab\t x & ab\t1 & ev]more ,came out by ! same door z 9 ,i w5t4 #bh ,) !m ! se$ ( ,wisdom did ,i s[1 ,& ) my own h& lab\r$ x to gr[3 ,& ?is 0 all ! h>ve/ t ,i reap$-- ,i came l wat]1 & l w9d ,i g4 #bi ,into ?is ,univ]se1 & :y n kn[+ ,nor :5ce1 l wat] willy-nilly fl[+ ,& out ( x z w9d along ! wa/e ,i "k n :i!r1 willy-nilly bl[+ #cj ,:at )\t ask+ hi!r hurri$ :5ce ,& )\t ask+ :i!r hurri$ h5ce ,ano!r1 & ano!r cup to dr[n ,! memory ( ?is imp]t95ce6 ,,f ,,morris',s ,,ms4 ,,( ,,om> ,,khayy,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,my ?read-b>e p5it5ce apieces tore4 #ga ,& mu* z w9e has play$ ! infidel1 ,& robb$ me ( my robe ( hon\r--well1 ,i (t5 wond] :at ! v9tn]s buy ,"o half s preci\s z ! goods !y sell4 #gb ,alas1 t ,spr+ %\ld vani% ) ! rose1 ,t ,y\?'s sweet-sc5t$ manuscript %\ld close ,! ,night+ale t 9 ! bran*es sang1 ,ah :5ce1 & :i!r fl[n aga91 :o kn[s6 #gc ,ah1 ,love6 c\ld ?\ & ,i ) ,fate conspire ,to grasp ?is sorry s*eme ( ?+s entire1 ,w\ld we n %att] x to bits1 & !n ,rem\ld x ne>] to ! he>t's desire8 ,,f ,,morris',s ,,ms4 ,,( ,,om> ,,khayy,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,ah ,moon ( my delight :o kn[e/ no wane1 ,! ,moon ( ,heav5 is ris+ once aga92 ,h[ (t h]eaft] ris+ %all %e look ,?r\gh ?is same g>d5 aft] me--9 va94 #ge ,& :5 ,?yself ) %9+ foot %all pass ,among ! gue/s />-scatt]$ on ! grass1 ,& 9 ?y joy\s err& rea* ! spot ,:]e ,i made "o--turn d[n an empty glass6 ,,tamam ,,%ud ,,f ,,morris',s ,,ms4 ,,( ,,om> ,,khayy,m4 ,?is br+s u to ,william ,morris's next &1 z x prov$1 la/ developm5t 9 art--! revival ( ! craft ( ! pr9t]1 & its pursuit z an art4 ,i recall ! "t :5 ! project 0 fir/ discuss$4 ,x 0 9 ! autumn ( #ahhi4 ,x 0 ! ye> ( an ,art ,congress at ,ed9burgh1 foll[+ ! initial "o at ,liv]pool ! prec$+ ye>1 held "u ! auspices ( ! ,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,art4 ,"s ( u aft]w>ds w5t ov] to ,glasg[ to lecture2 & a small gr\p1 ( :i* ,morris 0 "o1 f\nd !mselves at ! ,c5tral ,/ation ,hotel toge!r4 ,x 0 "h t ,william ,morris spoke ( 8 new s*eme1 8 m9d be+ evid5tly c5tr$ ^u x4 ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk] 7:o has suppli$ me ) ! photographs :i* illu/rate ?is article7 0 !re1 & he became 8 con/ant & fai?ful help] 9 all ! te*nicalities ( ! pr9t]'s craft2 ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son also 0 ( ! p>ty2 he may be said to h introduc$ a new epo* 9 book-b9d+1 & 8 "n 0 (t5 associat$ ) ,morris z b9d] ( "s ( 8 books4 ,morris took up ! craft ( pr9t+ ) *>act]i/ic ?or\ghness4 ,he began at ! beg9n+ & w5t into ! pap] "q1 in=m+ himself z to ! be/ mat]ials & me?ods1 & le>n+ to make a %eet ( pap] himself4 ,! ,kelmscott ,press pap] is made by h&1 ( f9e :ite l95 rags only1 & is n t\*$ ) *emicals4 ,x has ! t\ghness & some?+ ( ! quality ( f9e ,:atman or ,o4,w4 draw+-pap]4 ,:5 he set to "w to design 8 types he obta9$ enl>g$ photographs ( "s ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( bo? ,go?ic & ,roman type f ! books ( ! e>ly pr9t]s1 *iefly ( ,bale & ,v5ice4 ,he /udi$ & comp>$ ^!1 & z ! result ( 8 analysis design$ two or ?ree diff]5t k9ds ( type = 8 press1 beg9n+ ) ! ,gold5 type1 :i* might be describ$ z ,roman type "u ,go?ic influ5ce1 & develop+ ! m frankly ,go?ic =ms kn[n z ! ,troy & ! ,*auc] types4 ,he also us$ ,roman capitals f\nd$ ^u ! be/ =ms ( ! e>ly ,italian pr9t]s4 ,morris 0 wont to say t he consid]$ ! glory ( ! ,roman alphabet 0 9 its capitals1 b ! glory ( ! ,go?ic alphabet 0 9 its l[]-case lett]s4 ,he 0 ask$ :y he did n use types aft] ! /yle ( ! lett]+ 9 "s ( 8 title-pages1 b he said ?is w\ld n be reasonable1 z ! lett]+ ( ! titles 0 specially design$ to fit into ! giv5 spaces1 & c\ld n be us$ z movable type4 ,! initial lett]s are ,go?ic 9 feel+1 & =m agreeably bold quantities 9 black & :ite 9 relation to ! close & ri* matt] ( ! type1 :i* is /ill fur!r reliev$ occasionally by floral sprays 9 bold op5 l9e ^u ! inn] m>g9s1 :ile :5 woodcut pictures are us$ !y 7 l$ up to by ri* bord]+s4 ,! m>g9s ( ! title & op5+ *apt] :i* fac$ x are occupi$ by ri*ly design$ broad bord]s ( floral arabesques ^u black gr\nds1 ! lett]+ ( ! title =m+ an ess5tial "p ( ! ornam5tal effect1 & (t5 plac$ ^u a mat or net ( light]1 m op5 arabesque1 9 contra/ to ! heavy quantities ( ! solid bord]4 ,! ,kelmscott ,*auc] is ! monum5tal "w ( ,morris's ,press1 & ! bord] designs1 made specially = ?is volume1 surpass 9 ri*ness & sumptu\sness all 8 o!rs1 & fitly frame ! woodcuts aft] ! designs ( ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones4 ,! arabesque bord]s & initial lett]s ( ! ,kelmscott books 7 all drawn by ,morris himself1 ! engrav+ on wood 0 mo/ly done by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hoop]--almo/ ! only fir/-rate facsimile engrav] on wood left--& a good arti/ & craftsman besides4 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,lev]ett engrav$ ! designs to ! ,! ,glitt]+ ,pla91 :i* 7 my contribution to ! ,kelmscott ,press1 b ,i believe ,mr4 ,hoop] did all ! o!r "w1 :ile ,mr4 ,fairfax ,murray & ,mr4 ,catteson ,smi? draft$ ! ,burne-,jones designs ^u ! wood4 ,x 0 n1 p]haps1 g5]ally kn[n1 at lea/ be=e ! appe>ance ( ,miss ,may ,morris's f9e edition ( h] fa!r's works1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,longman1 t _m ye>s be=e ! ,kelmscott ,press 0 ?\ght ( an illu/rat$ edition ( ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise 0 9 contemplation1 & n only 7 _m designs made by ,burne-,jones1 b a set ( !m 0 actually engrav$ by ,morris himself ^u wood = ! ,cupid & ,psy*e1 ?\gh !y 7 nev] issu$ to ! public4 ,i h spok5 ( ! movem5t 9 art repres5t$ by ,william ,morris & 8 colleagues z really "p ( a great movem5t ( prote/--a crusade aga9/ ! purely comm]cial1 indu/rial1 & mat]ial t5d5cies ( ! day4 ,?is prote/ culm9at$ ) ,william ,morris :5 he esp\s$ ! cause ( ,socialism4 ,n[ "s h tri$ to m9imize ! ,socialism ( ,william ,morris1 b x 01 9 ! circum/ances ( 8 "t1 ! logical & natural outcome ( 8 ideas & op9ions1 & is 9 direct relation ) 8 arti/ic !ories & practice4 ,= a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! conditions ( mod]n manufacture & indu/rial production1 ( ! ord9>y influ5ces :i* gov]n ! produc]s ( m>ketable commodities1 ( w>es (f]$ 9 ! "n ( art1 ( ! condition ( work]1 & ! pressure ( competition1 he 0 9 a p>ticul>ly advantage\s position4 ,s f> f be+ a s5tim5tali/ :o 0 cont5t melodi\sly & p5sively to regret t ?+s 7 n o!rwise1 he 0 driv5 by contact ) ! life ar\nd him to 8 economic conclusions4 ,z he said himself1 x 0 art l$ him to ,socialism1 n economics1 ?\gh he confirm$ 8 convictions by economic /udy4 ,z an arti/1 no d\bt at fir/ he saw ! uglification ( ! _w go+ on1 & ! va/ indu/rial & comm]cial ma*9e gr9d+ ! joy & ! leisure out ( human life z reg>d$ ! great mass ( humanity4 ,b z an employ] he 0 br\ght into direct relation ) ! work] z well z ! m>ket & ! public1 & he became fully conv9c$ t ! mod]n sy/em ( production = pr(it & ! _w-m>ket1 h[ev] inevitable z a /age 9 economic & social evolution1 0 n only mo/ detrim5tal to a heal?y & spontane\s developm5t ( art & to conditions ( lab\r1 b t x w\ld be b\nd1 ultimately1 by ! natural work+ ( economic laws1 to dev\r itself4 ,nev] cramp$ by pov]ty 9 8 exp]im5ts & 9 8 endeav\rs to realize 8 ideals1 s+ul>ly fav\r$ by =tune 9 all 8 und]tak+s1 he c\ld h _h no p]sonal reasons on ^! scores = prote/+ aga9/ ! economic & social t5d5cies & *>act]i/ics ( 8 own "t4 ,he hat$ :at is call$ mod]n civilization & all its works f ! fir/1 ) a :ole he>t1 & made no secret ( x4 ,= all t1 he 0 a %rewd & ke5 man 9 8 deal+s ) ! _w4 ,if he set its fa%ions & habits at defiance1 & p]si/$ 9 produc+ 8 "w to please himself1 x 0 n 8 fault t 8 c\ntrym5 eag]ly s\ght !m & paid lavi%ly = _! possession4 ,a common reproa* hurl$ at ,morris has be5 t he produc$ co/ly works = ! ri* :ile he pr(ess$ ,socialism4 ,?is k9d ( ?+1 h[ev]1 x may be rem>k$1 is n said by ^? fri5dly to ,socialism1 or anxi\s = ! consi/5cy ( its advocates--q ! contr>y4 ,su* objectors appe> to ignore1 or to be ignorant (1 ! fact t accord+ to ! quality ( ! production mu/ be its co/2 & t ! *eapness ( ! *eape/ ?+s ( mod]n manufacture is g5]ally at ! co/ ( ! *eap5+ ( human lab\r & life1 :i* is a co/ly k9d ( *eapness aft] all4 ,if anyone c>es = good "w1 a good price mu/ be paid4 ,"u exi/+ conditions possession ( su* "w is only possible to ^? :o c pay ! price1 b ?is seems to "w out r z "p ( an indictm5t aga9/ ! pres5t sy/em ( production1 :i* ,sociali/s wi% to alt]4 ,if a weal?y man 7 to dive/ himself ( 8 prop]ty & di/ribute x1 he w\ld n br+ ,socialism any ne>]1 & 8 self-sacrifice w\ld h>dly b5efit ! poor at l>ge 7except1 p]haps1 a few individuals71 b "u ! work+ ( ! pres5t sy/em 8 weal? w\ld ultimately enri* ! ri*--w\ld gravitate to ^? :o _h1 & n to ^? :o _h n4 ,! object ( ,socialism is to w9 ju/ice1 n *>ity4 ,a true commonweal? c only be e/abli%$ by a *ange ( feel+1 & by ! w ( ! p1 delib]ately1 9 ! common int]e/1 decl>+ = common & collective possession ( ! means ( life & ( weal?1 z aga9/ individual prop]ty & monopoly4 ,s9ce ! weal? ( a c\ntry is only produc$ by common & collective ef=t1 & ev5 ! mo/ individual ( individuali/s is dep5d5t = e necess>y1 com=t1 or luxury ( life ^u ! lab\r ( untold cr[ds ( work]s1 !re is no inh]5t unreasonabl5ess 9 su* a view1 or 9 ! advocacy ( su* a sy/em1 :i* might be prov$ to be z b5eficial1 9 ! high] s5se1 = ! ri* z = ! poor1 z ( c\rse x w\ld aboli% bo?4 ,x is q possible to cl+ to ! contr>y op9ion1 b x %\ld be fully und]/ood t ,socialism does n mean divid+ up1 & t a man is n necess>ily n a ,sociali/ :o does n sell all t he has to give to ! poor4 ,a poor wid[ is ga!r+ nettles to /ew = h] d9n]4 ,a p]fum$ seigneur l\ng+ 9 ! oeil de boeuf ha? an al*emy :]eby he c extract f h] e ?ird nettle & call x r5t4 ,?us wrote ,c>lyle4 ,m5 l ,william ,morris w\ld make su* al*emy impracticable2 b no man c *ange a social 7or unsocial7 sy/em by himself1 h[ev] will+2 nor c anyone1 h[ev] gift$ or f>see+1 get beyond ! conditions ( 8 "t1 or af=d to ignore !m 9 ! daily conduct ( life1 al?\gh at ! same "t 8 life & express$ op9ions may all ! :ile c\nt z factors 9 ! evolution by :i* a new =m ( society comes ab\t4 ,?us mu* seems due to ! memory ( a man l ,william ,morris1 :o 0 frequ5tly taunt$ ) n do+1 z a ,sociali/1 ?+s t1 z a ,sociali/1 he did n at all believe 92 ?+s1 = :i*1 too1 "o kn[s p]fectly well1 8 c5sors1 if he _h done !m1 w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to d5\nce him = a fool4 ,at all ev5ts1 x is c]ta9 t ,william ,morris sp5t "s ( ! be/ ye>s ( 8 life1 he gave 8 "t1 8 voice1 8 ?\ght1 8 p51 & mu* money to put ,socialism be=e 8 c\ntrym54 ,?is c nev] be ga9said4 ,^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to reg>d him f ?is po9t ( view z a dang]\s revolution>y might be ref]r$ to ! writ+s ( ,john ,ball1 & ,sir ,?omas ,m1 8 pr$ecessors 9 ,engl&'s hi/ory1 :o upheld ! claims ( lab\r & simple life1 aga9/ wa/e1 want1 & luxury4 ,inde$1 x might be cont5d$ t x 0 a cons]vative cl++ to ! really solid f\ndations ( a happy human life :i* made ,morris a ,sociali/ z mu* z arti/ic conviction & /udy ( mod]n economics4 ,! enorm\s light :i* has be5 rec5tly ?r[n by hi/oric rese>* ^u m$iaeval life & conditions ( lab\r1 ^u ! craft guilds1 & ! position ( ! craftsman 9 ! ,middle ,ages--light to :i* ,morris himself 9 no small degree contribut$--mu/ also be c\nt$ z a factor 9 ! =mation ( 8 op9ions4 ,b :e!r acc\nt$ cons]vative or revolution>y 9 social economics & political op9ion1 !re c be no d\bt ( ,william ,morris's cons]vatism 9 ano!r field1 important en\gh 9 its be>+s ^u mod]n life1 national & hi/oric s5tim5t1 & education--,i mean ! protection ( ,anci5t ,build+s4 ,he 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! society hav+ t object1 & rema9$ to ! la/ "o ( ! mo/ en]getic memb]s ( ! committee1 & 9 su* important "w 8 ar*itectural k 0 ( c\rse ( ! greate/ value4 ,at a "t :51 ow+ to ! action ( a multitude ( causes1 ! hi/oric build+s ( ! pa/ are 9 con/ant dang]1 n only f ! ravages ( "t1 wea!r1 & neglect1 b also1 & ev5 to a great] ext5t1 f ! zeal ( ! re/or]1 ! importance ( ! "w :i* ,morris did ) 8 society--! "w :i* t society c>ries on--c h>dly be ov]e/imat$4 ,! pressure ( comm]cial competition & ! /ruggle = life 9 our cities--! m]e necessity = m room = traffic--! dead weight ( ve/$ int]e/1 ! m>ket value ( a site1 ! claims ( conv5i5ce1 fa%ion1 ecclesia/ical or o!rwise1 or sometimes %e] utilit>ianism1 entirely oblivi\s ( ! social value ( hi/oric associations ( ar*itectural beauty--all are apt to be array$ at "o "t or ano!r1 or ev51 p]haps1 all comb9$1 aga9/ ! pres]vation ( an anci5t build+ if x happ5s to /& 9 _! way4 ,! v>iety1 too1 ( ! cases 9 :i* ! diff]5ce ( ! arti/ic conditions :i* gov]n ! art & craft ( build+ 9 ! pa/ & 9 ! pres5t is ano!r elem5t :i* (t5 prev5ts ! def5d]s & de/roy]s f meet+ on ! same plane4 ,x is ! old tragic conflict betwe5 old & new1 b enorm\sly complicat$1 & ) ! =ces ( de/ruction & innovation trem5d\sly increas$4 ,william ,morris 0 a s+ul>ly sane & :at is call$ a level-head$ man4 ,he _h ! vehem5ce1 on occasion1 ( a /rong nature & p[]ful physique4 ,he c>$ greatly = 8 convictions4 ,art & life 7 real to him1 & 8 love ( beauty 0 a passion4 ,8 arti/ic & poetic vision 0 cle> & int5se--all ! m s1 p]haps1 = be+ exclusive on "s po9ts4 ,! directness ( 8 nature1 z ( 8 spee*1 might h seem$ s+ul>ly unmod]n to "s :o pref] to wrap _! mean+ ) _m envelopes4 ,he might occasionally h seem$ brusque1 & ev5 r\gh2 b s does ! nor? w9d :5 x enc\nt]s ob/acles4 ,m5 are judg$ by ! t\*/ones ( p]sonal sympa?y or antipa?y2 b :e!r attract$ or repell$ 9 su* a pres5ce1 no "o c\ld come away )\t an impression t he _h met a man ( /rong "* & p]sonal =ce1 :e!r he realiz$ any individual preconception ( ! poet1 ! arti/1 & ! craftsman1 or n4 ,he 0 c]ta9ly all ^!1 yet ^? :o only knew him ?r\gh 8 works w\ld h b a p>tial & incomplete idea ( 8 _m-sid$ nature1 8 practicality1 p]sonal =ce1 s5se ( hum\r1#c & all ^? side-lights :i* p]sonal acqua9tance ?r[s ^u ! "* ( a man l ,william ,morris4 ,footnote #a3 ,at ! same "t1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 8 k ( m$iaeval life1 ! craft guilds1 & ! condition ( ! lab\r] 9 ,engl& 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 help$ him 9 8 economic /udies & 8 ,sociali/ propag&a4 ,footnote #b3 ,"h ,morris liv$ :5 9 ,london & 8 press 0 set up close by at ,sussex ,h\se1 opposite to :i* is ! ,doves ,b9d]y ( ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son4 ,mu* ( ,morris's "t 0 sp5t at ,kelmscott1 ne> ,le*lade1 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 a delightful old manor h\se close to ! ,?ames /ream4 ,?is h\se 0 =m]ly held by ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti conjo9tly ) ,morris4 ,at ,hamm]smi? ! room outside ! h\se1 aft] ! c>pet looms w5t to ,m]ton1 0 us$ z ! meet+ room ( ! ,hamm]smi? ,sociali/ ,society4 ,footnote #c3 ,x is notewor?y t "o :o exclud$ hum\r f 8 own "w1 :e!r lit]>y1 or arti/ic1 _h a ke5 appreciation ( x 9 ! "w ( o!rs4 ,few :o only knew ,morris ?r\gh 8 poems1 romances1 & designs w\ld imag9e t among 8 mo/ fav\rite books 7 ,huckleb]ry ,f9n1 by ,m>k ,twa91 & ,uncle ,remus4 ,i h (t5 he>d him recall passages ( ! fir/-nam$ book ) imm5se enjoym5t ( ! fun4 ,he 01 besides1 always an admir] ( ,dick5s4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,revival ,,9 ,,decorative ,,art ,illu/ration ,,! ,,engli% ,,revival ,,9 ,,decorative ,,art ,! s5se ( beauty1 l ! en*ant$ pr9cess 9 ! wood1 seems liable1 bo? 9 communities & individuals1 to p]iods ( hypnotism4 ,^! p]iods ( slumb] or susp5d$ animation1 are n1 h[ev]1 free f di/ort$ dreams1 hav+ a c]ta9 tyrannical compulsion :i* causes ^? "u _! influ5ce bl9dly to accept arbitr>y ideas & ca/-iron cu/oms z if !y 7 p>ts ( ! irrev]sible ord] ( nature--until ! h\r ( ! awak5+ comes & ! h\sehold gods ( wood & /one1 s ignorantly wor%ipp$1 are ca/ f _! p$e/als4 ,su* a p]iod ( apa!tic slumb] & ( awak5+ 9 ! arts we h be5 pass+ ?r\gh 9 ,engl& dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & s9ce1 side by side ) analog\s movem5ts 9 ! political & social _w4 ,z reg>ds dome/ic ar*itecture1 ! /reets ( ,london w illu/rate ! successive waves ( ta/e or fa%ion :i* ! pa/ & pres5t c5tury h se51 f ! quasi-classical1 repres5t$ 9 ! ,peloponnesus ( ,reg5t's ,p>k1 to ! eclectic ,que5 ,anne-ism ( ! ae/hetic village at ,turnham ,gre52 or ! m rec5t developm5ts :i* h foll[$ new] ideas ( t[n-plann+1 ! mod]n hotel su* z ! ,savoy or ! ,piccadilly1 or ! ,new ,a]o ,club 9 ,pall ,mall1 ! mod]n /ore1 su* z ,selfridge's4 ,contra/ su* examples ( :at "o might call our new ,imp]ial ,r5asc5ce /yle ) ! types ( simple cottage dwell+s 9 ! ,g>d5 ,city at ,let*wor?1 or 9 ! ,hamp/ead g>d5 suburb1 & else:]e2 or ^! aga9 ) ! l>g] c\ntry mansions "s ( our be/ ar*itects are rais+ 9 ! l&4 ,^! extremes1 ) all ! v>i\s modifications ( ! outw>d aspect ( ! ,engli% home--degrees indicat+ ! arc ( ar*itectural fa%ion1 z x 7--imply a s]ies ( correspond+ trans=mations ( int]iors ) all _! mod]n complexities ( furniture & decorations4 ,b ! :eat ( arti/ic ?\ght & inv5tion is a good deal encumb]$ ) *aff--! *aff ( comm]ce & ( fa%ion--& x ne$s "s pa9s to f9d ! real vital g]ms4 ,to trace ! g5esis ( our ,engli% revival we mu/ g back to ! days ( ! pre-,raphaelite ,bro!rhood1 & al?\gh none ( t fam\s gr\p 7 decorative design]s 9 ! /rict s5se--unless we except ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti--yet by _! resolute & en?usia/ic return to ! direct symbolism1 frank naturalism1 & poetic or romantic s5tim5t ( m$iaeval art1 ) ! p[] ( mod]n analysis sup]add$1 & ! m pr(\nd intellectual /udy ( bo? nature & art1 :i* ! sev]ity ( _! practice dem&$1 & la/1 b n lea/1 _! int5se love ( detail1 turn$ ! att5tion to o!r bran*es ( design ?an pa9t+4 ,! v m>k$ "* ( _! pictures1 /&+ out ) almo/ />tl+ effect f among ! works ( ! old] ,academic ,s*ool1 dem&$ at lea/ a special ar*itecture 9 ! frames ( _! pictures1 & ?is l$ to ! practice ( pa9t]s design+ _! own frames1 at lea/ ^? :o 7 conc]n$ = unity & decorative effect4 ,mr4 ,holman ,hunt1 = in/ance1 ,i believe always design$ 8 own frames1 z well z "s ( ! ornam5tal accessories ( 8 pictures--su* z ! pot = ! basil 9 8 ,isabella4 ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti ! poet-pa9t]1 & p]haps ! c5tral & inspir+ lum9>y ( ! rem>kable gr\p1 evid5tly c>$ greatly = decorative effect1 & be/[$ ! utmo/ pa9s ^u tribut>y detail1 design+ ! frames to 8 pictures1 ! cov] & l9+ = 8 own poems1 & v>i\s title-pages4 ,_m ( 8 pictures1 too1 are rem>kable = _! beauty & ri*ness ( accessory details :i* give a di/9ct decorative *>m to 8 "w1 closely associat$ z !y are ) its motive & poetic purpose4 ,! rese>*es ( ,h5ry ,%aw1 & 8 f9e works ^u art ( ! middle ages1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,=ties by ,pick]+1 & pr9t$ by ! ,*iswick ,press1 no d\bt _h _! %>e 9 direct+ ! att5tion ( arti/s to ! beauty & int5tion be/[$ ^u e accessory ( daily life 9 m$iaeval times4 ,above all influ5ces f ! lit]>y side1 h[ev]1 mu/ be plac$ ! "w ( ,john ,rusk91 an enorm\sly vitaliz+ & /ill liv+ =ce1 p[]ful to awak5 ?\ght1 & by its k9dl+ en?usiasm to /ir ! dormant s5se ( beauty 9 ! m9ds t come "u ! spell ( 8 eloqu5ce1 :i* always turns ! eyes to "s new or unreg>d$ or =gott5 beauty 9 nature or 9 art4 ,! secret ( 8 p[]s z a writ] on art lies no d\bt 9 ! fact t he approa*$ ! :ole "q f ! fundam5tal ar*itectural side1 & saw cle>ly ! close connection ( arti/ic developm5t ) social life4 ,! :ole drift ( 8 tea*+ is t[>ds s9c]ity & ,go?ic fre$om 9 ! arts1 & is a /rong prote/ aga9/ ,academic conv5tion & classical coldness4 ,among ar*itects1 m5 l ,pug9 & ,william ,burges1 en?usia/s 9 ! ,go?ic revival1 gave a great deal ( c>e & ?\ght to decorative detail & ! design ( furniture & accessories4 ,! latt]1 9 ! qua9t h\se :i* he built = himself 9 ,melbury ,road1 %[$ a true ,go?ic _s ( inv5tiv5ess & :imsicality appli$ to ?+s ( ev]yday use z well z ! mural decorator's in/9ct = symbolism4 ,s9ce _! day ,mr4 ,norman ,%aw may almo/ be said to h c>ri$ all be=e him1 & has q creat$ a type ( lat] ,victorian ar*itecture1 & 8 advice is /ill s\ght 9 ! design ( v>i\s build+s & /reet improvem5ts ( mod]n ,london4 ,8 "w1 beautiful1 well proportion$1 & decorative z x (t5 is1 h[ev]1 has n ! peculi> "* & res]ve ( ! "w ( ,mr4 ,philip ,webb1 & ! latt] is a decorative design]1 especially ( animals1 ( rem>kable orig9ality & p[]4 ,8 "w 9 ar*itecture & o!r designs is g5]ally se5 9 association ) t ( ,william ,morris 9 decoration4 ,! impulse t[>ds ,greek & ,roman =ms 9 furniture & decoration1 :i* _h held sway ) design]s s9ce ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 appe>$ to be dead4 ,! elegant l9es & limbs ( quasi-classical c\*es & *airs on :i* our gr&fa!rs & gr&mo!rs recl9$--! =m] 9 high coat-coll>s & ! latt] 9 %ort wai/s--_h gr[n g\ty & clumsy1 9 ! h&s ( ,victorian uphol/]]s4 ,! c>v$ scrolls & g>l&s _h lo/ ev5 ! att5uat$ grace !y once possess$ & a c]ta9 feel+ = naturalism creep+ 9 made matt]s worse1 & utt]ly d]ang$ ! ornam5tal design ( ! p]iod4 ,an illu/rat$ catalogue ( ! exhibition ( #ahea w suffici5tly indicate ! mon/rosities 9 furniture & decoration :i* 7 suppos$ to be arti/ic4 ,! la/ /age ( decomposition _h be5 rea*$1 & a p]iod (1 p]haps1 unexampl$ hide\sness 9 furniture1 dress1 & decoration set 9 :i* la/$ ! life ( ! second empire1 & fitly p]i%$ ) x4 ,relics ( ?is p]iod ,i believe are /ill to be discov]$ 9 ! cold %ade ( remote draw+-rooms1 & ap>tm5ts to let1 :i* take ! =m ( big look+-glasses1 & ma*9e-lace curta9s1 & :]e ! furniture is afflict$ ) curvature ( ! sp9e1 & dre>y lumps ( bronze & ormolu repose on m>ble slabs at e opportunity1 :]e mon/rosities ( e k9d are enc\rag$ "u glass %ades1 :ile e species ( design-debau*]y is indulg$ 9 ^u c>pets1 curta9s1 *9tzes & wall-pap]s1 & :]e ! antimacass> is made to cov] a multitude ( s9s4 ,:5 su* ideas ( decoration prevail$1 hav+ _! orig9 or prototypes1 9 ! vapid spl5d\rs ( imp]ial saloons1 & _h to be r$uc$ to ! scale ( ! ord9>y citiz5's h\se & pocket1 ! ?+ became absurd z well z hide\s4 ,besides1 ! *eap curly legs ( ! uneasy *airs & c\*es came (f1 & ! /uff$ seats1 ) a speci\s %[ ( padd$ com=t1 7 delusions & sn>es4 ,long ago ! old ,engli% h\se-place ) its big *imney-corn] _h giv5 way to ! b\rgeois arrangem5t ( d9+ & draw+-room--ev5 d[n to ! smalle/ slat$ hut ) a ,doric portico4 ,! p>l\r _h become a k9d ( sanctu>y veil$ 9 ma*9e-lace1 :]e ! lightness ( ! curta9s 0 comp5sat$ = by ! massiv5ess ( _! poles1 & :]e ,b]l9 wool-"w & bead mats fl\ri%$ exce$+ly4 ,ent] to su* an int]ior a pla9 unv>ni%$ ru%-bottom$ *air f ,buck+ham%ire1 s\nd 9 w9d & limb--,c'e/ impossible6 ,& yet ! ru%-bottom$ *air & ! pr9t$ cotton ( frank design & col\r f an unpret5d+ & some:at inaccessible h\se 9 ,que5 ,squ>e may be said to h r\t$ ! false ideals1 vulg> sm>tness & /uff9ess 9 dome/ic furniture & decoration--at lea/ :]ev] ref9em5t & feel+ h be5 ex]cis$ at all4 ,lo/ 9 ! contemplation ( palaces we h =gott5 to look ab\t u = a *air1 wrote ,mr4 ,*>les ,l4 ,ea/lake 9 an article :i* appe>$ 9 ,! ,cornhill ,magaz9e "s "t 9 ! sixties1 or e>ly sev5ties4 ,! same writ] 7aft]w>ds ,keep] ( ! ,national ,gall]y7 br\ght out ,h9ts on ,h\sehold ,ta/e %ortly aft]w>ds1 & he1 too1 0 on ! side ( ! angels ( s5se & fitness 9 ^! ?+s4 ,! *air at any rate 0 n[ discov]$1 if only a ru%-bottom$ "o4 ,n[adays x might p]haps be said t ! *air gets m contemplation & att5tion ?an ! palace1 z s9ce !n ! influ5ce ( our old ,engli% eighte5?-c5tury furniture design]s has be5 re/or$1 & ,*ipp5dale1 ,%]aton1 & ,hepple:ite are aga9 held 9 hon\r 9 our int]iors1 & to judge f ! innum]able specim5s (f]$ 9 _! "n by our furniture deal]s ! indu/ry ( ^! fam\s design]s mu/ h be5 prodigi\s6 ,! fir/ practical /eps t[>ds actually produc+ ?+s comb9+ use & beauty & ?us enabl+ p s m9d$ to deck _! homes aft] ! old] & simpl] ,engli% mann] 0 tak5 by ,william ,morris & 8 associates1 :o f\nd$ ! h\se 9 ,que5 ,squ>e a=e-m5tion$4 ,appeal+ at fir/ only to a limit$ circle ( fri5ds mo/ly engag$ 9 ! arts1 ! new ideas began to get abroad1 ! new designs 7 eag]ly seiz$ ^u4 ,morris & ,company _h to ext5d _! op]ations1 & soon no home ) any claim to decorative *>m 0 felt to be complete )\t its v9e & fig-tree s to speak--f ,que5 ,squ>e2 & be=e long a typical ,morris room 0 giv5 to ! ,briti% ,public to d9e 9 at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton 7n[ ! ,victoria & ,alb]t7 ,museum4 ,! great advantage & *>m ( ! ,morrisian me?od is t x l5ds itself to ei!r simplicity or to spl5d\r4 ,y might be almo/ pla9 en\gh to please ,?oreau1 ) a ru%-bottom$ *air1 piece ( matt+1 & oak5 tre/le-table2 or y might h gold & lu/re 7! *oice w>e ( ,william de ,morgan7 gleam+ f ! sidebo>d1 & jewell$ light 9 y\r w9d[s1 & walls hung ) ri* arras tape/ry4 ,( c\rse1 a ho/ ( imitators appe>$1 & manufactur]s & uphol/]]s 7 quick to adapt ! m sup]ficial *>act]i/ics1 wat]+ d[n ! "* a good deal = ! av]age ta/e--t is1 ! timid ta/e ( ! p]son :o has n made up 8 m9d1 :i* may be describ$ z ! wond]-:at-s-&-s-w-?9k-(-x /ate--b its effects ^u ! old] ideas ( h\se decoration 7 def9ite4 ,pla9 pa9t+ displac$ gra9+ & m>bl+1 frankly b freely conv5tionaliz$ patt]ns r\t$ ! imitative & nosegay k9ds4 ,lead$ & /a9$ glass fill$ ! places :i* 7 wont to be fill$ ) ! blank despair ( gr\nd glass4 ,! :ite m>ble mantelpiece turn$ pale be=e ri* hang+s & deep-ton$ wall-pap]s1 & 0 dismantl$ & s5t to ! *ur*y>d4 ,^! 7 "s ( ! mo/ m>k$ effects ( ! adoption ( ! new1 or a return to old] & s\nd] ideas 9 dome/ic decoration4 ,! quiet influ5ce ( ! sup]b collections at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 & ! opportunities ( /udy1 op5 to all1 ( ! mo/ beautiful specim5s ( m$iaeval1 r5asc5ce1 & ori5tal design & craftsman%ip ( all k9ds mu/ n be =gott5--an influ5ce :i* _c be rat$ z ( too mu* importance & value1 & :i* has be5 probably ( m f>-rea*+ influ5ce 9 its effect on design]s & craftsman ?an ! m direct ef=ts ( ! ,art ,dep>tm5t to rea* !m ?r\gh its s*ool sy/em4 ,by means ( ?is1 z is well kn[n1 x 0 s\ght to improve ! ta/e & culture ( artisans by putt+ )9 _! rea* c\rses ( /udy & ex]cises 9 draw+ & design1 ! results ( :i*1 x 0 hop$1 c>ri$ back into ! practice ( _! v>i\s trades & h&icrafts1 w\ld make !m bett] craftsm5 because bett] draughtsm54 ,n[1 if we 7 to ask :y on ! :ole ! sy/em has n be5 s fruitful ( result 9 ?is direction we %\ld f9d ourselves plung$ at once into ! deep wat]s ( economic conditions1 ( ! relations ( employ] & employ$1 ( h\rs1 ( wages1 ( comm]cial competition1 trade unions1 &1 9 fact1 %\ld br+ ! :ole ,lab\r "q ab\t our e>s4 ,( c\rse ! :ole s*eme ( ! s*ools ( design 0 bas$ ^u ! idea ( improvem5t d[nw>ds1 & l _m mod]n improvem5ts1 or re=ms1 its contriv]s s\ght to make ! tree ( art fl\ri% & put =? new leaves )\t att5d+ to ! n\ri%m5t ( ! roots or t\*+ ! soil4 ,b ! draw+-bo>d & ! work%op-b5* are aft] all two v diff]5t ?+s1 & x is by no means c]ta9 t pr(ici5cy at "o w\ld necess>ily produce a correspond+ improvem5t at ! o!r1 except inde$1 x be on ! pr9ciple t if a man acquires "o language x w be easi] = him to le>n o!rs4 ,b at ?is po9t ano!r consid]ation comes 94 ,y get y\r /ud5t seat$ at 8 draw+-bo>d1 y set him to repres5t at ! po9t ( 8 p5cil or *alk c]ta9 objects1 ca/s1 = in/ance1 & enc\rage him to portray _! appe>ance ) all relief ( light & %ade1 dwell+ solely on ! necessity ( 8 atta9+ a c]ta9 degree ( purely pictorial skill1 :i* 9 itself is really ( no practical use to a design] ( ornam5t int5d$ to be work$ out 9 "s o!r mat]ial su* z a textile1 wood1 or metal4 ,9 fact1 ! developm5t ( pictorial skill has a /rong t5d5cy to lead ! /ud5t to devote himself entirely to pictorial "w1 & hi!rto !re h be5 pl5ty ( o!r inducem5ts1 su* z ! *ance ( l>g] monet>y rew>d & social position4 ,if he is n ultimately drawn into ! already ov]cr[d$ ranks ( ! picture produc]s1 he is too likely to c>ry back into 8 own p>ticul> craft a c]ta9 love ( pictorial treatm5t & effect :i* may really be injuri\s to 8 s5se ( fitness 9 adapt+ design & mat]ial4 ,?is inde$ is :at evid5tly has happ5$ z ! result ( mu* s-call$ art-education1 & we are only n[ sl[ly awak5+ to ! conception t art is n necess>ily ! pa9t+ ( pictures1 b t ! mo/ ref9$ arti/ic feel+ may be put into e "w ( man's h&1 & t ea* aft] its k9d gives m delight & becomes m & m beautiful 9 proportion z x foll[s ! laws ( its own exi/5ce--:5 a design is 9 p]fect h>mony ) its mat]ial1 & "o does n feel "o w\ld want x reproduc$ 9 any o!r way4 ,x is next to impossible to get ?is unity ( design & mat]ial unless ! craftsman fa%ions ! ?+ he designs1 or unless ! design] ?or\ghly und]/&s ! conditions & all[s !m to det]m9e ! "* ( 8 design1 :i* he c h>dly d unless he is 9 close & con/ant t\* ) ! craftsman4 ,n[ ! indu/rial conditions "u :i* ! great mass ( ?+s are produc$1 :i* h gradually be5 develop$ 9 ! int]e/s ( trade r ?an ( art h t5d$ to sep>ate ! design] & craftsman m & m & to subdivide _! functions4 ,our ent]pris+ manufactur]s are quick en\gh to adopt or adapt an idea1 & "s w pay lib]ally = x1 b !y d n always realize t x does n foll[ because "o good ?+ is produc$ 9 a limit$ quantity t !re=e x mu/ be mu* bett] if a *eap imitation ( x c be produc$ by ! ?\s&--b !n we no long] produce = use b = pr(it4 ,dem& & supply--?\ %alt h no o!r gods b ^!1 says ! trad] 9 effect2 al?\gh ! dem& 9 ^! days may be z artificial z ! supply4 ,! ,nemesis ( trade pursues ! inv5tion ( ! arti/1 z ! /eam]s on ! riv] on boat-race day pursue1 almo/ z if !y w\ld run d[n1 ! sl5d] craft ( ! o>sm5 /ra9+ e n]ve = victory4 ,x is a sugge/ive spectacle4 ,someone's bra9 & h& mu/ set to "w--mu/ give ! initiative be=e ! /eam-eng9e c be set go+4 ,b h[ _m bra9s & h&s1 nay lives1 has x dev\r$ s9ce our indu/rial epo* began8 ,up to ab\t #ahhj arti/s work+ indep5d5tly 9 decoration 7 few & f> betwe51 mo/ly isolat$ units1 & _! "w 0 (t5 absorb$ by v>i\s manufactur+ firms4 ,ab\t t "t1 9 response to a feel+ = m fell[%ip & opportunity = int]*ange ( ideas on ! v>i\s bran*es ( _! own craft1 a few work]s 9 decorative design 7 ga!r$ toge!r "u ! ro( ( ! late ,mr4 ,lewis ,f4 ,day on a c]ta9 ,janu>y ev5+ kn[n z hurricane ,tuesday & a small society 0 =m$ = ! discussion ( v>i\s problems 9 decorative design & k9dr$ topics2 meet+ 9 rotation at ! h\ses or /udios ( ! memb]s4 ,! society _h a happy if obscure life = sev]al ye>s1 & 0 ultimately absorb$ into a l>g] society ( design]s1 ar*itects1 & craftsm5 call$ ,! ,art ,work]s' ,guild1 :i* met once a mon? ) mu* ! same objects--fell[%ip & int]*ange ( ideas & pap]s & demon/rations 9 v>i\s arts & crafts4 ,9 fact1 s9ce arti/s m or less conc]n$ ) decoration _h increas$1 ow+ to ! reviv$ activity & dem& aris+ = design ( all k9ds1 ! feel+ grew /rong] among m5 ( v diff]5t proclivities = "s common gr\nd ( meet+4 ,a desire among arti/s ( diff]5t crafts to "k some?+ ( ! te*nicalities ( o!r crafts made itself felt1 & ! result has be5 ! rapid & cont9ual gr[? ( ! ,guild :i* n[ includes1 beside ! pr9cipal design]s 9 decoration1 pa9t]s1 ar*itects1 sculptors1 wood-c>v]s1 metal-work]s1 engrav]s1 & repres5tatives ( v>i\s o!r crafts4 ,a junior ,art ,work]s' ,guild has also be5 e/abli%$ 9 connection ) ! old] body1 & !re are besides two ,societies ( ,design]s 9 ,london1 :ile 9 ! prov9ces !re is ! ,nor!rn ,art ,work]s' ,guild at ,man*e/] & v>i\s local ,arts & ,crafts societies all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,we h1 ( c\rse1 our ,royal ,academy1 or z x ought to be call$1 ,royal ,guild ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,oil1 always ) u2 b its use ( ! t]m ,arts applies only 7& almo/ exclusively s7 to pa9t+1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 & engrav+1 & :ile absorb+ gift$ arti/s f "t to "t1 (t5 aft] !y h done _! be/ "w1 x has nev]1 z a body1 %[n any wide or compreh5sive conception ( art1 al?\gh x has done a c]ta9 am\nt ( educational "w1 *iefly ?r\gh its valuable exhibitions ( old ma/]s & its lectures & tea*+ 9 ! s*ools1 :i* are free1 & :]e fam\s arti/s act z visitors4 ,its influ5ce 9 ! ma9 x is to be fe>$ has be5 to enc\rage an enorm\s ov]production ( pictures e ye>1 & to fo/] 9 ! popul> m9d ! impression t !re 0 no art 9 ,engl& be=e ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 & none ( any consequ5ce s9ce1 outside ! easel picture4 ,! magnific5tly arrang$ & deeply int]e/+ ,t[n-plann+ ,exhibition1 held la/ ye> 9 connection ) ! ,int]national ,congress on t subject1 h[ev]1 0 a new dep>ture & mo/ welcome z an example ( :at might be done by ! ,royal ,academy "u ! influ5ce ( wid] conceptions ( art4 ,nev]!less1 ! "w ( su* f9e decorative arti/s z ,alb]t ,moore1 ,alfr$ ,gilb]t1 ,h>ry ,bates has be5 introduc$ to ! public ?r\gh ! ,royal ,academy1 ^! two la/-nam$ be+ memb]s2 & once ^u a "t ev5 a picture by ,sir ,e4 ,burne-,jones appe>$ !re4 ,_m gift$ arti/s h /r5g!n$ ! in/itution s9ce ^! pass$ away4 ,! names ( ,watts & ,leighton w always %$ lu/re & di/9ction ^u x1 b ( c\rse ! ,academy necess>ily dep5ds = its cont9u$ vitality ^u new blood4 ,! advantages ( memb]%ip are g5]ally too /rong a temptation to our ris+ arti/s to enc\rage ! =mation ( any?+ l an ,engli% secession1 ?\gh accord+ to our ,briti% ideas ( ! :olesom5ess ( competition or1 let u say emulation1 a /rong body ( indep5d5t arti/s might h a good effect all r\nd4 ,i h (t5 wond]$ t no attempt has be5 made by ! ,royal ,academy to give a lead 9 ! arrangem5t & hang+ ( an exhibition4 ,) ! f9e rooms at _! disposal x w\ld be possible to make _! great annual %[ ( pictures f> m /rik+ & attractive by "s k9d ( classification or sympa!tic gr\p+4 ,! be/ sy/em1 ( c\rse1 w\ld be to gr\p ! works ( ea* arti/ toge!r4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld take up m wall space & lead to m exclusions ?an at pres5t2 b1 /ill ! plan might be tri$ ( plac+ all ! portraits toge!r1 &1 say1 ! subject pictures accord+ to scale1 & ! l&scapes1 arrang+ !m 9 sep>ate rooms4 ,sculpture & ar*itecture1 & wat] col\rs & engrav+s are already giv5 sep>ate rooms1 s t x w\ld only be ext5d+ a pr9ciple already adopt$4 ,! effect ( ! :ole exhibition w\ld be mu* f9]1 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 & also less fatigu+1 & !re w\ld probably be less *ance ( pictures be+ falsifi$ or injur$ by juxtaposition ) unsympa!tic neighb\rs4 ,surely "s advance is possible on eighte5?-c5tury ideas ( hang+1 or ! old days ( ,som]set ,h\se8 ,i respectfully comm5d ! above sugge/ion to _! consid]ation4 ,:ile m5tion+ names we mu/ n =get 7al?\gh ,i h hi!rto dwelt r on ! ,go?ic side ( ! ,engli% revival7 su* di/+ui%$ design]s z ! late ,alfr$ ,/ev5s & 8 able foll[]s ,godfrey ,sykes & ,moody4 ,^! arti/s drew _! inspiration l>gely f ! "w ( ! ,italian ,r5asc5ce1 & x is a te/imony to _! rem>kable p[]s--especially ( ! fir/-nam$--t !y %\ld h a*iev$ su* di/9ction on ! l9es ( s m>k$ a /yle1 & "o :i*1 z x appe>s to me1 _h already rea*$ its maturity 9 ! c\ntry ( its bir?1 unlike ,go?ic design1 :i* might almo/ be said to h be5 arre/$ 9 its developm5t by ! adv5t ( ! ,r5asc5ce4 ,ano!r influ5ce ^u mod]n decorative art _c be left out ( acc\nt1 & t is ! ,japanese influ5ce4 ,! extraord9>y decorative d>+1 & intimate naturalism2 ! frank or delicate col\ration1 ! fre%ness1 z ( newly ga!r$ fl[]s ( _m ( _! inv5tions & comb9ations3 ! wond]ful vivacity & tru? ( ! designs ( su* a ma/] z ,hokusai1 = in/ance--^! & ! :ole disclosure ( ! hi/ory ( _! art 7:i*1 h[ev]1 0 entirely d]iv$ f & inspir$ by ! /ill f9] art ( ! ,*9ese71 f ! e>ly1 highly wr\ght1 religi\s & symbolic designs1 up to ! vigor\s fre$om & naturalism ( ! lat] "t1 toge!r ) _! extraord9>y precision ( te*nique1 inevitably took ! arti/ic _w by /orm4 ,its imm$iate effects1 mu* z we may be indebt$ to su* a s\rce1 _c be set d[n altoge!r to ! good s f> z we c trace !m 9 contempor>y ,european art2 b p]haps on ! :ole !re is no m def9itely m>k$ /reak ( influ5ce ?an ?is ( ! ,japanese4 ,9 ,fr5* art x 0 at "o "t m palpable /ill4 ,9 fact x might almo/ be said to h tak5 entire possession ( ,fr5* decorative art1 or a l>ge "p ( x2 or r1 x is ,japanese translat$ into ,fr5* ) t ease & *ic = :i* our lively neighb\rs are rem>kable4 ,:i/l]1 by ! way1 :o mu/ be numb]$ ) ! decorators1 %[$ unmi/akably 9 8 "w ! results ( a close /udy ( ,japanese art4 ,8 me?ods ( composition1 8 arrangem5ts ( tones ( col\r decl>e h[ he _h absorb$ x1 & appli$ x to diff]5t me?ods & subjects1 9 fact1 8 "w %[s mo/ ( ! qualities ( mu* ,japanese art1 except precision ( draw+1 al?\gh 8 e>li] et*+s h ?is quality4 ,9 mod]n decoration1 ! mo/ obvi\s & sup]ficial qualities ( ,japanese art h g5]ally be5 seiz$ ^u1 & its g5]al effect has be5 to loos5 ! re/ra9+ & ar*itectonic s5se ( balance & fitness1 & a def9ite ord]$ plan ( con/ruction1 :i* are ess5tial 9 ! f9e/ types ( design4 ,on ! :ole1 ! effects ( ! discov]y ( ,japanese art on ! mod]n arti/ic m9d1 may be lik5$ to a sudd5 & unexpect$ access ( =tune to an impov]i%$ man4 ,x is c]ta9 to disorganize if n demoralize him4 ,! sudd5 contact ) a fre% & vigor\s art1 alive ) pot5t tradition1 yet intimate ) ! subtl] =ms & *anges ( nature1 & 9 ! full possession & ma/]y ( its own te*nique--! sudd5 contact ( su* an art ) ! highly artificial & eclectic art ( a complex & effete civilization mu/ be m or less ( ! nature ( a %ock4 ,%ocks are said to be good = s\nd con/itutions1 b _! effect on ! uns\nd are z likely z n to be fatal4 ,:ile fully ackn[l$g+ ! brilliancy ( ,japanese art1 h[ev]1 "o feels h[ enorm\sly !y 7 indebt$ to ! art ( ,*9a1 & ! great] dignity & impressiv5ess ( ! latt] becomes m & m app>5t on comp>ison4 ,bo? 9 graphic *>act]ization ( birds & animals & fl[]s & spl5d\r ( ornam5t1 ! ,*9ese bo? prec$$ & excell$ ! ,japanese4 ,!re 7 rec5tly "s /rik+ demon/rations ( ?is at ! ,briti% ,museum1 :5 ,mr4 ,laur5ce ,b9yon arrang$ a s]ies ( mo/ rem>kable anci5t ,*9ese pa9t+s on silk side by side ) ,japanese "w4 ,! op5+ ( ! ,grosv5or ,gall]y 9 #ahgg1 ow+ to ! ent]prise ( ,sir ,c\tts ,l9dsay1 0 ! means ( br++ ! decorative s*ool 9 ,engli% pa9t+ to ! front1 & did mu* t[>ds direct+ public att5tion 9 t direction4 ,:at 0 kn[n z ae/heticism has1 ( c\rse1 be5 freely satiriz$ bo? by press & /age1 :i* latt]1 h[ev]1 0 n sl[ to avail itself ( "s ( its results 9 ! increas$ v>iety & picturesqu5ess ( its int]ior sc5es1 & ! *>m ( delicate h>monies ( col\r 9 drap]ies & co/ume4 ,! movem5t 0 seiz$ ^u by ! comm]cial in/9ct1 :i* always ha/5s to make hay :ile ! sun %9es1 & ! ae/hetic sun %one v gaily = a "t1 9 ! society s5se4 ,x 0 some:at amus+ to see ! trave/ies ( ideas :i* _h be5 curr5t 9 arti/ic circles = long be=e1 n[ proclaim$ z ! new gospel ( ae/hetic salvation4 ,b 9 spite ( all ! clam\r1 fa%ionable extravagance1 & ridicule1 :i* obscur$ ! real mean+ ( ! movem5t1 s f> z x 0 a s9c]e se>* aft] m beauty 9 daily life1 its influ5ce is j z /rong z ev]1 & is likely to increase ) ! gr[? & spread ( great] ref9em5t1 & ! desire = m h>moni\s social conditions4 ,organizations cont9u$ to increase & multiply1 hav+ = _! object1 9 "o way or ano!r1 ! enc\ragem5t ( ! arts & crafts ( design1 & :e!r = good or = evil1 x _c be d5i$ t _! numb] & activity 71 & are1 rem>kable signs ( ! times--( an awak5+ int]e/ 9 decorative art & a g5]al impulse t[>ds ornam5tal expression4 ,x is true 9 "s in/ances ?is impulse runs r wild1 & to "s ( its rud] results we might ev5 apply ! words ( ! poet ,c[p] describ+ ! gambols ( ! k9e at high noon3 ,?\gh wild _! /range vag>ies1 & unc\? ,_! ef=ts1 yet resolv$ ) "o cons5t1 ,to give act & utt'rance z !y may ,to ec/asy1 too big to be suppress'd4 ,x w\ld be difficult to enum]ate all ! diff]5t associations hav+ = _! object ! tea*+1 or ! spread ( a k or love ( decorative art & h&icraft1 outside ! big trade organizations & decorat+ firms1 b among ^? :o contribut$ f v>i\s sides to ! ma9 /ream m5tion may be made ( ,! ,c5tury ,guild1 id5tifi$ *iefly ) ! publication ( its ,hobby ,horse1 ) its c>eful att5tion to ! pr9t]'s art "u ! f9e ta/e 9 type & book ornam5ts ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne4 ,! ,home ,arts & ,indu/ries ,association1 :i* has />t$ village classes 9 v>i\s h&icrafts all ov] ! k+dom1 has held annual exhibitions at ! ,alb]t ,hall1 ,! ,royal ,s*ool ( ,art ,ne$lework1 n[ 9 noble premises 9 ,imp]ial ,in/itute ,road1 ,! ,s*ool ( ,art ,woodc>v+ 9 ,pelham ,place2 :ile design on ! /rictly indu/rial & te*nical side is c>$ = by ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute "u ,sir ,philip ,magnus4 ,s9ce ^! & ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society 7 e/abli%$1 ! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil came into be+ & f\nd$ its s*ools ( ,art & ,craft all ov] ,london ) ! assi/ance ( memb]s ( t ,society2 x has n[ become ! c5tral au?ority 9 te*nical education1 & ext5ds a help+ h& 7) a grant 9 aid7 to "s ( ! s*ools above nam$4 ,all ^! in/itutions1 & _m m1 invoke ! "n ( art1 & desire to unite good design & workman%ip1 & also to f9d a m>ket = x4 7,"s ( our l>ge decorat+ firms w\ld claim to h ! same objects p]haps47 ,_! great difficulty is h[ to produce good design+ ability out ( no?+1 z x 74 ,all ! crafts :i* !y specially address !mselves to tea* & cultivate are1 aft] all1 entirely dep5d5t = _! int]e/ & value ^u vig\r ( design & vital expression1 & ?is _c sudd5ly be =c$ into exi/5ce by artificial heat4 ,x is a p[] ( sl[ developm5t & is n\ri%$ f all sorts ( s\rces1 & is z _m sid$ z life itself1 be+ 9 fact only ano!r =m ( life4 ,y c lead a horse to ! wat] b y _c make him dr9k4 ,y c provide any numb] ( words b y _c make p ?9k1 & ! possession ( rhym+ diction>ies w nev] make a poet1 nei!r w ! possession ( tools & a me?od make arti/s4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 obvi\s en\gh4 ,at ! same "t x may fairly be urg$ on ! o!r side t no "o c le>n to swim )\t ent]+ ! wat]1 & x is only by repeat$ exp]im5ts & ye>s ( pati5t lab\r t we arrive at good results4 ,g5ius is always r>e1 b effici5cy is :at keeps ! _w go+1 & x mu/ be said t admirable "w 9 v>i\s crafts has be5 produc$ 9 ! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil ,te*nical ,s*ools4 ,_! sy/em ( s*ol>%ips gives opportunities to "y p ( promise to c>ry on _! /udies1 & pupils & appr5tices 9 v>i\s trades are enabl$ to ga9 a m complete k ( _! craft & its v>i\s bran*es ?an is possible 9 any ord9>y work%op1 z well z ta/eful ideas 9 design g5]ally4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahhf ! sm\ld]+ discont5t :i* always exi/s among arti/s 9 reg>d to ! ,royal ,academy1 al?\gh v (t5 only ! result ( p]sonal disappo9tm5t1 ?reat5$ to bur/ into some?+ l a flame4 ,a lett] appe>$ 9 ! lead+ dailies propos+ ! e/abli%m5t ( a really ,national ,exhibition ( ! ,arts1 :i* %\ld include n only pa9t+1 sculpture1 & ar*itecture1 b also ! arts ( design g5]ally4 ,?is lett] 0 sign$ by ,george ,claus51 ,w4 ,holman ,hunt1 & ! pres5t writ]4 ,! /ronghold ( ! movem5t at fir/ 0 among ! gr\p ( pa9t]s1 di/+ui%$ z ! ,anglo-,fr5* s*ool1 ^: headqu>t]s 7 at ,*elsea1 & :o 7 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,new ,engli% ,art ,club4 ,! idea ( su* a compreh5sive exhibition 0 an excit+ "o1 & l>ge & en?usia/ic meet+s ( arti/s 7 held4 ,x 0 h[ev] discov]$ be=e long t ! mass ( ! pa9t]s attract$ by ! movem5t int5d$ no m ?an to press a measure ( re=m on ! ,royal ,academy--to induce !m to take1 9 fact1 a leaf out ( ! book ( ! ,fr5* ,salon z reg>ds ! mode ( election ( ! hang+ committees ( ea* ye>4 ,! decorative design]s1 h[ev]1 p]ceiv+ _! vision ( a really repres5tative exhibition ( contempor>y works 9 all ! arts fad+ away1 & ! :ole =ce ( ! movem5t be+ wa/$ 9 ! =lorn hope ( =c+ re=ms ^u ! ,academy1 left ! agitators 9 a body1 & proce$$ to take c\nsel toge!r z to ! be/ means ( fur!r+ _! aims1 & ! imm$iate result 0 ! f\nd+ ( ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society :i*1 aft] _m difficulties op5$ its fir/ exhibition at ! ,new ,gall]y 9 ! autumn ( #ahhh4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,society1 :o 7 also mo/ ( !m memb]s ( ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild a=em5tion$1 7 well aw>e ( ! difficulties !y w\ld h to face 9 ! endeav\r to realize _! aims1 & c>ry out _! pr9ciples4 ,_! ma9 object1 h[ev]1 0 to demon/rate by means ( a repres5tative public exhibition ! actual /ate ( decorative art 9 all its k9ds z f> z possible4 ,!y desir$ to ass]t ! claims ( ! decorative design] & craftsman to ! position ( arti/1 & give e "o responsible 9 any way = ! arti/ic "* ( a "w full individual cr$it1 by giv+ 8 "n 9 ! catalogue1 :e!r ! "w 0 exhibit$ by a firm or n4 ,9 spite ( all drawbacks ! ri*ness & arti/ic int]e/ ( ! ,exhibition 0 g5]ally ackn[l$g$1 & ! novelty ( ! idea attract$ ! public4 ,an exhibition ( designs & c>toons = decoration _h be5 held by ! directors ( ! ,grosv5or ,gall]y 9 #ahha1 b x 0 limit$ to t class ( "w1 s t ?is ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition may be said to h be5 really ! fir/ :i* attempt$ any?+ l a repres5tative & compreh5sive display ( n only designs = "w b ! actual "w itself1 = its arti/ic & decorative quality alone4 ,x compris$ designs & c>toons1 modell$ "w1 woodc>v+1 furniture1 tape/ry & embroid]y & pr9t$ cottons1 pott]y1 tiles1 & glass-metal "w1 jewell]y1 pr9t$ books1 b9d+1 calligraphy & illum9ations1 & und\bt$ly includ$ "s ( ! be/ contempor>y "w :i* _h be5 produc$ 9 ,engl& up to t "t4 ,! ,exhibition 0 repeat$ at ! same place ! foll[+ ye>1 at ! same "t1 & also ! ye> aft]4 ,s9ce !n1 h[ev]1 ! exhibitions ( ! ,society h be5 held tri5nially1 ! late/ 9 ,janu>y #aiaj be+ ! n9?4 ,x is obvi\s t exhibitions ( ?is k9d involve _m m difficulties ( organization & managem5t ?an ord9>y picture %[s4 ,! v fact ( hav+ to deal ) su* a v>iety ( "w z 0 submitt$1 & ! conditions "u :i* "w 9 decoration is g5]ally done 7mak+ x difficult = ! arti/ to reta9 possession ( 8 "w = exhibition purposes7 make ! =mation ( su* an exhibition at all no easy matt]4 ,!n !re 7 two op5 & palpable dang]s to be enc\nt]$4 ,! dang] ( be+ swamp$ by a great influx ( amateur "w1 z x is g5]ally und]/ood1 on ! "o h&1 & ! dang] ( m]ely comm]cial "w gett+ ! upp] h& on ! o!r4 ,to keep ,along ! n>r[ /rip ( h]bage /r[n ,t j divides ! des]t f ! s[n 0 a delicate matt]1 & x 0 easy to w&] (f into ! regions on ei!r h&4 ,= 9 spite ( ! imm5se activity & indu/ry1 ! indep5d5t arti/s 9 design & h&icraft 7 b few1 & al?\gh _m inv5tive bra9s & skill$ h&s might be disguis$ z ---- & ,company1 !y _h to be discov]$2 ! bu%el _h to be tak5 away & ! light put ^u ! c&le/ick ( publicity1 & ?is appe>$ to be a trial to "s4 ,x might be ?\ght to be ( small importance1 ?is matt] ( assign+ arti/ic au?or%ip or cr$it = any "p ( ! "w1 :]e x 0 due2 & x may be q true t :5 m5 h rea*$ ! po9t :5 arti/ic tradition & social condition bo? fav\r a frat]nal co-op]ation 9 production1 !y c af=d to s9k ! individual claim to di/9ction 9 ! collective pride ( say+1 ,?is is our "w4 ,b we h n rea*$ t /age yet1 & x seems only common fairness1 if individual & arti/ic responsibility is atta*$ to a "w1 ! cr$it %\ld g ) ^!1 & be assign$ 9 ! prop] qu>t]4 ,9 ^! days ( comm]cial competition1 & sculptor's gho/s1 x is p]haps h>dly surpris+ t ! ass]tion ( su* a pr9ciple might produce a little con/]nation1 & also 9 cases ( a great multiplicity ( cooks x might easily be und]/ood to be emb>rass+ to di/ribute prop]ly ! individual responsibility = spoil+ ! bro?1 & !re=e n wond]ful t x %\ld 9 "s in/ances h be5 %irk$ altoge!r4 ,z ano!r indication ( ! way ! w9d 0 bl[+1 an ,association 0 =m$ ?is same ye> 7#ahhh7 = ! ,advancem5t ( ,art 9 ,association ) ,indu/ry--a some:at l>ge ord]4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ & ev]ybody _h _h _! congresses & :y n ,art8 ,s an ,art ,congress 0 arrang$ to take place at ,liv]pool 9 ,decemb] ( t ye>4 ,x 0 prop]ly divid$ into sections = ! sep>ate discussion ( pa9t+1 ar*itecture1 sculpture1 & decorative or appli$ art1 z ! phrase goes4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h t ! ,society ( ,arts _h be=e ?is =m$ a special committee to arrange = lectures & discussions on ,! ,appli$ ,arts1 & _h also (f]$ prizes to art-workm5 = excell5ce 9 v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( h&icraft1 & _h held a small exhibition ( su* works 9 _! rooms 9 ! ,adelphi4 ,well1 ! ,congress at ,liv]pool duly met1 & e "o hav+ a p>ticul> axe to gr9d br\ght x to ! common gr9d/one ( public discussion4 ,x 0 a fairly repres5tative p>liam5t4 ,! royal academician sat d[n ) ! sociali/2 ! sci5tific col\r !ori/ f$ ) ! practical decorator2 ! indu/rial villag] fac$ ! manufactur]2 ! art critic & ! pa9t] m+l$ _! te>s1 & all 7 l$ to ! pa/ure by a g5tle ,f9e ,art pr(essor4 ,"s home tru?s 7 spok5 & !re 7 _m int]e/+ pap]s & discussions1 b :e!r we 7 really ne>] solv+ ! problem h[ to br+ ab\t ! m>riage ( ,art & ,indu/ry is d\btful1 ?\gh ! ,association _h ano!r campaign at ,ed9burgh ! foll[+ ye> & "o s9ce at ,birm+ham4 ,association & discussion among p ( common int]e/s is ( c\rse good1 b ,art is a subject by its v nature difficult to deal ) 9 words1 al?\gh p]haps m is said ab\t x 9 ^! days ?an almo/ any o!r subject--& "h am ,i /ill add+ to ! sum6 ,a hair p]haps divides ! false & true4 ,we h no ^w-symbols = def9+ ^? delicate %ades ( diff]5ce s important to ! arti/1 & to be p]petually qualify+ is fatigu+4 ,x is useful to consid] art 9 its relation to life2 to consid] h[ x is affect$ by economic conditions1 to /udy its hi/ory & influ5ce1 & ! lives ( its work]s4 ,"o c ev5 proce$ a c]ta9 di/ance ) g5]al pr9ciples1 b f9ally we mu/ get d[n to ! solid gr\nd ( practice to solve its real problems4 ,all ^! movem5ts may be b flutt]+ leaves 9 ! w9d1 b at lea/ !y s]ve to %[ its direction4 ,! col\rs ( spr+ sometimes resemble ^? ( autumn2 b ! =m] are di/+ui%$ by a c]ta9 da9t9ess & delicacy3 a s(t bloom ( silv] & russet comes ov] ! woods be=e ! cl\d-l gre5 drapes !m = ! com+ summ]4 ,:5 we see delicate & h>moni\s dyes & patt]ns 9 ! fabrics ( ! w9d[s ( comm]ce1 :5 we see da9ty g[ns 9 ! /reet1 express+ ! fair =ms ( _! we>]s ) ! grace ( fl[]s2 :5 we see a c]ta9 s5se ( relation & h>mony ( t9t 9 ! mo/ ord9>y arrangem5ts ( pa9t & pap] 9 ! int]iors ( our h\ses3 :5 our *airs & c\*es n unfrequ5tly %[ l9es ( good bre$+2 :5 we f9d books on ! table :i* h be5 consid]$ by _! pr9t]s & design]s z works ( art z well z ( lit]ature1 & ?us give a d\ble pleasure1 s9ce !y satisfy m ?an "o ( ! s5ses--well1 we beg9 to ?9k t some?+ has happ5$ to u2 "s new _s has brea!d ^u ! l&1 t su* ref9em5ts %\ld be possible to ! mod]ate citiz51 rememb]+ t su* ?+s b a few ye>s ago c\ld n be _h = love or money4 ,we might /ill be happy 7 x n = ! :irlw9d ( trade1 & ! :irligig ( fa%ion :i* occasionally seem to coquette ) art1 z a *ild plays ) a toy1 b soon turn away to cont9ue _! mad *ase aft] a supposititi\s novelty4 ,happily !y leave "s quiet corn]s unswept1 z !y h always done1 or we c\ld nev] h kn[n :at ! homes ( our ance/ors 7 l4 ,b h[ _m /ill does ,engl& hold ( ^? delightful places full ( ! pa?os ( old "t1 :]e ea* dumb ?+ ( wood or iron1 or copp]1 ea* fragm5t ( fad$ tape/ry seems to h ! spee* ( romance4 ,full ( sweet dreams1 & heal?1 & quiet brea?+4 ,:5 ! utilit>ian w\ld de/roy su* relics = ! sake ( mod]n improvem5ts we d n realize :at priceless ?+s we lose4 ,we c only realize x :5 we live = a "t 9 c\ntry or city )\t antiquity ( any sort4 ,"h 9 ,engl& !re are /ill _m places :]e "o might h ! sugge/ion t we mod]ns 7 l *ildr5 play+ ) new toys 9 front ( a ri* tape/ri$ backgr\nd full ( great de$s & romances4 ,9 ,am]ica ! idea c\ld n occur1 & ! abs5ce ( su* sugge/ion is no d\bt mu* felt by ! m cultur$ & ?\ghtful1 especially aft] visit+ ,europe4 ,x may p>tly acc\nt1 too1 = ! m fanta/ic "* 9 ! ar*itecture ( "s ( _! rec5t c\ntry dwell+s1 :i* are full ( nooks & corn]s & odd gables & /airways1 z if _! design] wi%$ to make up by 8 inv5tion = ! abs5ce ( old "t s5tim5t4 ,"s ( u appe> to be try+ to turn ,engl& into ano!r ,am]ica--= ev] s*em+ railways :]e !y are n want$1 cutt+ d[n trees1 & cle>+ away old dwell+ places1 & insult+ ev5 ! gre5 fields ) adv]tisem5ts4 ,any?+ t int]f]es ) extra p]c5tages is z du/ 9 ! balance to su*4 ,9 ! de/ruction ( beauty ( any k9d1 h[ev]1 is involv$ ! de/ruction ( ! faculty ( its p]ception & appreciation4 ,! arti/ic capacity & s5se ( beauty mu/ be f$ by ! contemplation ( beauty or bo? w 9 "t p]i%4 ,we _c really satisfy "o ( ! s5ses unless we satisfy !m all4 ,x is (t5 said1 y mu/ sacrifice ?is or t to com=t & conv5i5ce2 b x is q possible to h e s-call$ com=t & conv5i5ce1 & yet to be any?+ b happy or com=table--especially if ! com=t ( ! eye is =gott54 ,unless ! utilit>ian succe$s 9 elim9at+ ! s5se ( beauty & art altoge!r1 ! natural man w /ill revolt aga9/ ! tyranny ( me*anical & artificial conditions4 ,su* revolts make epo*s1 & :5 ! human m9d is deeply /irr$ x is sure soon] or lat] to f9d expression 9 "s revival1 or new =m ( art4 ,a great intellectual revolution has tak5 place 9 ! la/ half c5tury3 a great social & indu/rial revolution is prep>+1 or ev5 n[ progress+4 ,:e!r art w aga9 be able to sum up & express adequately 9 monum5tal =m ! new life & its aspirations1 z x express$ ! he>t ( anci5t life 9 ,greece & m$iaeval ,europe1 mu/ dep5d ^u its p[] ( appeal1 & ?is aga9 mu/ dep5d ^u ! s5sitiv5ess to =m & col\r on ! "p ( ! p4 ,9 ,engl& ! dome/ic s5tim5t is s /rong t en?usiasm = l>ge public works is r>e1 & opportunities = sculptor or pa9t] to express any?+ l ! g5]ic ?\ght ( _! "t1 or to t\* ! pride or hopes ( ! nation r>] /ill4#d ,! art t is capable ( illu/rat+ ?is _s is :at is call$ decorative art3 b ! art :i* c cov] l>ge mural spaces ) a peoples' hi/ory & leg5d 9 noble & typical =ms1 ! art :i* c lift our s\ls ) l>ge ?\ghts1 or en*ant !m ) a s5se ( my/]y & romance1 c also be a famili> fri5d at our firesides1 & t\* ea* common ?+ ( e day use ) beauty1 weav+ its gold5 ?reads into ! joys & sorr[s ( common life1 & mak+ happy bo? "y & old4 ,footnote #d3 ,x is true we h our frescoes ( ,engli% hi/ory at ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 b !y _c be said1 ) ! exception ( ! "w ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 to h be5 conceiv$ 9 an epic _s1 b are r anecdotic or incid5tal4 ,?\gh ! new pictures = ! ,h\se ( ,lords by "s ( our able/ m5 ( ! y\ng] s*ool1 su* z ,mr4 ,payne & ,mr4 ,cadogan ,c[p]1 %[ mu* f9] mural & decorative feel+4 ,,! ,,sociali/ ,,ideal ,,z ,a ,,new ,,inspiration ,,9 ,,art ,illu/ration ,,! ,,sociali/ ,,ideal ,,z ,a ,,new ,,inspiration ,,9 ,,art ,art z ! comm5tator or ! record] ( human life1 reflect+ n only its physical aspects b its m5tal attitude1 mu/ necess>ily be influ5c$ by e *ange :i* modifies ! c\rse & "* ( t life4 ,x is ! s5sitive plate 9 ! cam]a ( ! m9d ( ! age :i* receives e image1 e %ad[ :i* passes be=e ! l5s ( its vision1 &1 ov] & above ! fleet+ %[s ( ! h\r1 regi/]s ! prevail+ s5tim5t ( its p]iod4 ,9 pro( ( ?is we h only to look ar\nd u & see h[ intimately ! life & _s ( our own times are repres5t$ 9 ! art ( ! day1 m especially pictorial art4 ,9 any ( our l>ge annual popul> mix$ picture %[s we may see ! effects ( ! mod]n comm]cial pr9ciple ( individual competition4 ,pictures ( ! utmo/ div]sity ( subject & treatm5t are cr[d$ toge!r1 clamor\s = att5tion1 (t5 injur$ by ! juxtaposition ( unsympa!tic neighb\rs1 ! pr9cipal quality tell+ 9 su* a conflict be+ =ce4 ,c]ta9 dom9ant1 or privileg$1 individuals hold front places1 b ev5 ! m>k$ individual /yle ( "s lead+ pa9t]s is apt to be disc\nt$ by num]\s m or less successful imitations4 ,pa9t]s are said to be extreme individuali/s z a rule1 & :ile1 no d\bt1 ! economic conditions ( ! day t5d to enc\rage ?is1 & to make pa9t+ m & m a matt] ( p]sonal expression or impression1 yet1 ,i ?9k1 ! individuality ( mod]n arti/s is m app>5t ?an real1 & t x w\ld n be difficult to classify !m 9 types1 or to trace ! ma9 influ5ces 9 _! "w to "s well-kn[n arti/ic s\rce ei!r 9 ! pres5t or ! pa/1 or bo?4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld be 9 no way to _! discr$it1 b x %[s h[ art1 ev5 9 its mo/ individuali/ic =ms1 is ess5tially a social product1 & t ea* arti/ b5efits enorm\sly by ! "w ( 8 contempor>ies & 8 pr$ecessors4 ,our mix$ picture exhibition also discloses ano!r prom95t *>act]i/ic ( our "t--! dom9ation ( money1 & ! influ5ce ( ! possess+ classes & mat]ial weal?4 ,?is appe>s 9 ! prepond]ance ( portraits & ! comp>ative abs5ce ( imag9ative works4 ,we may see ! mon>* & ! political1 f9ancial1 or comm]cial magnate 9 all _! glory2 g5]als & admirals1 slay]s & de/roy]s1 9 sc>let & blue & gold2 ! fa%ionable dame 9 purple & f9e l952 ! motori/ 9 8 c>e]2 national pride or imp]ialism is appeal$ to by pictures ( battle & triumph ov] inf]ior races2 & sports & pa/imes1 especially ^? involv+ ! pursuit & dea? ( birds & animals4 ,nor is ! rev]se ( ! m$al unrepres5t$1 = we may see side by side ) brilliant ballroom sc5es & banquets 9 m>ble halls1 z a picturesque contra/ or foil p]haps1 v>i\s aspects ( pov]ty & rags1 sometimes s9c]e1 sometimes s5tim5tal1 & occasionally fla%es ( insight reveal ! pa?os ( ! toil]'s lot 9 ! field1 ! factory1 or on ! trea*]\s ocean4 ,! g5u9e mod]n love ( wild nature & l&scape1 & ! roam+ _s ( travel is g5]ally cat]$ = by our pa9t]s2 9 ^! directions1 p]haps1 may be detect$ ! suppress$ sigh ( sup]-civiliz$ man = primitive fre$om & natural conditions ( life1 or1 ,! devotion to some?+ af> ,f ! sph]e ( our sorr[4 ,) su* mix$ elem5ts we may f9d "s false s5tim5t1 & also s5sationalism1 n infrequ5tly connect$ ) ,*ri/ian s5tim5tality1 & amid a fair all[ance ( milit>y exploits1 & flag-wav+ imp]ialism1 !re may be a few well-/ag$ masqu]ades ( pa/ hi/ory1 "s grim & />k realism1 p]haps1 or gloomy pictorial pessimism1 & = ! re/1 decorative or amatory pos+s1 pa9t$ anecdotes & dome/icities1 fl[]s1 babies1 & bric--brac4 ,?us1 9 pictorial =m1 ) m or less complet5ess1 ! mix$ drama ( our age is pres5t$1 its v discords ev51 & ! abs5ce ( any prevail+ idea or unity ( s5tim5t 7except b\rgeois7 & arti/ic aim is *>act]i/ic1 z ! pictures jo/le "o ano!r 9 a competitive cr[d1 ea* /ruggl+ = a %>e ( att5tion4 ,pa9t]s ( ! ,lat9 & ! ,teutonic races are m dramatic1 & also m d>+ 9 _! conceptions1 & (t5 appe> to /rip ! mask 7or ! fig-leaf7 f objects & subjects :i* ! m timid or prudi% ,anglo-,saxon w\ld discreetly veil4 ,grim pictures ( ! indu/rial w> n unfrequ5tly appe> 9 ,italian & ,fr5* salons1 & 9 t ( ! ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts ,i h se5 l>ge & lurid canvases depict+ /rik]s on ! m>* ) a backgr\nd ( factory *imneys loom+ ?r\gh ! smoke4 ,ap>t f _! economic & hi/orical significance1 h[ev]1 su* subjects may fall 9 ) a c]ta9 mood ( gloom & pessimism :i*1 9 viol5t reaction f sup]ficial grace & beauty1 & classical tradition1 manife/s itself 9 "s qu>t]s4 ,n[ & aga9 a new s5sation is made by "s ecc5tric g5ius1 z x 71 dragg+ a weird ae/hetic r$ h]r+ across ! fa%ionable arti/ic sc5t1 & div]t+ att5tion to side tracks 9 arti/ic developm5t1 (t5 mix$ ) morbidity1 or1 z a *ange f ! pursuit ( sup]ficial & ephem]al types ( beauty1 debas$ & revolt+ types & loa?ly subjects are drawn "u ! pictorial limelight & analys$4 ,s1 9 ! pictorial _w1 ! economic sy/em "u :i* we live makes itself felt by enc\rag+ ea* arti/ to fight = 8 own h&1 & to become a speciali/ ( "o sort or ano!r1 unless he c live by exploit+ "s o!r arti/'s discov]y & me?od4 ,few1 probably1 among arti/s are fully consci\s ( ?is compulsion1 or1 at lea/1 ( its cause1 & b few tr\ble !mselves ab\t ! economic sy/em1 b mo/ly1 ?\gh n )\t social sympa?ies1 take ! risks1 z individuals1 ( swimm+ or s9k+1 ) ! (f *ance ( =tune & fame1 z 9 ! necess>y ord] 7or disord]7 ( ?+s4 ,yet ! economic position ( ! mod]n arti/ c h>dly be consid]$ z at all satisfactory1 dep5d5t z he is ma9ly ^u ! caprice ( ! ri*1 or ! control ( ! deal]1 & ^u ! surplus value & une>n$ increm5t x may be 9 ! p[] ( individuals to sp5d ^u art4 ,pa9t+1 h[ev]1 ?\gh ! mo/ individual1 popul>1 vivid1 & intimate ( ! arts1 is n ! only art1 & ! arts1 l humanity1 d n fl\ri% "u ,imp]ial rule4 ,!y are a bro!rhood or a si/]hood 7!y are traditionally repres5t$ z ! latt]7 ?\gh1 9 nei!r case are !y necess>ily celibate2 on ! contr>y1 = x is by ! union ( art ) a human "* & p]sonality t liv+ (fspr+ are produc$4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! necessities ( ! community 7& among/ ^! necessities ,i w\ld c]ta9ly c\nt beauty ( environm5t7 ! con/ructive arts come fir/ 9 ord]4 ,man ne$s %elt] & security1 & !re=e ar*itecture & ! craft ( build+ take ! fir/ place1 s9ce )\t ro( & walls x w\ld be difficult to enjoy ! o!r arts :i* m9i/] to our com=t1 ref9em5t1 & pleasure 7nor w\ld x be h>dly possible = _m ( !m to exi/7 unless we c\ld satisfy our ae/hetic pr$ilections by textiles & a t5t1 or by pa9t+ or *isell+ ! walls ( a cave4 ,n[ ar*itecture or ! art ( build+ is ess5tially a co-op]ative art4 ,! plann+ & g5]al s*eme ( ! design ( a build+ may inde$ emanate f "o m9d1 b its realization ne$s an army ( skill$ artific]s & arti/s--/onemasons1 c>v]s1 c>p5t]s1 smi?s1 til]s & pla/]]s1 & a ho/ ( lab\r]s work+ h>moni\sly toge!r4 ,& yet1 9 ord] to make ! build+ really expressive--a "w ( art1 9 %ort--some?+ m ?an tra9+ & manual skill1 some?+ above le>n$ tradition1 & beyond ev5 organiz$ co-op]ative lab\r is want$4 ,:at1 !n1 is ?is some?+--?is unkn[n quantity or quality8 ,:at makes ! great diff]5ce betwe5 anci5t & mod]n ar*itecture1 we might ask1 = x is 9 ! answ] to ?is "q t we f9d ! answ] to our fir/8 ,unity ( s5tim5t--! inspiration ( a great ideal1 ?is x 0 :i* enabl$ ! arti/s & craftsm5 ( pa/ great p]iods 9 art to "w 9 h>mony on great public monum5ts1 b )\t los+ _! "* or individuality1 z ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! "w might be full ( inv5tion & v>iety1 & yet conduce to a h>moni\s :ole1 z 9 a ,go?ic ca!dral4 ,mr4 ,halsey ,ric>do1 9 an int]e/+ address rec5tly giv5 to ! ,ar*itectural ,association ( ,london1 aptly describ$ ! ar*itecture ( ,anci5t ,egypt z prie/'s ar*itecture2 t ( ,anci5t ,assyria z ! ar*itecture ( k+s2 ! ar*itecture ( ,greece he consid]$ z sculptor's ar*itecture1 & t ( ! reviv$ classicism ( ! ,r5asc5ce z ! ar*itecture ( s*ol>s4 ,well1 ^! h all _h _! day4 ,! turn ( ! p mu/ come1 & 9 ! ar*itecture ( ! future1 "u ! inspiration ( ! great ,sociali/ ,ideal we may realize :at may be describ$ z ! ar*itecture ( humanity4 ,&1 look+ to ! probable requirem5ts ( a co-op]ative commonweal?1 ?is hope seems to be well f\nd$ 9 view ( ! likelihood ( ! con/ruction ( collective dwell+s 7already project$ 9 ! g>d5 city7 ( noble public halls & s*ools4 ,! unify+ effect ( a great ,ideal1 a ,hope1 a ,fai?1 is obvi\sly want+ g5]ally 9 mod]n ar*itecture1 :]e9 ! influ5ce mo/ p>am\nt is too (t5 ! limits ( ! build]s' contract4 ,! gold5 image 7:i* yet is nev]1 l ,nebu*adnezz>'s1 actually set up7 is ! real god b[$ d[n to1 :osesoev] ! image & sup]scription ov] ! por*way1 & s mod]n art is ev]y:]e ti$ to ! purse /r+s4 ,b ! money-bag makes a poor device = an escut*eon1 & is /ill less effective z an inspir] 9 art4 ,! /&>d ( ! man 9 possession is m>ket value1 & art "u capitalism has become mo/ly a k9d ( p]sonal & (t5 portable prop]ty1 & z mu* a matt] = speculative inve/m5t z /ocks & %>es4 ,z money _c write hi/ory or ance/ry1 e portable bit ( antiquity is n[ 9 dang] ( be+ b\ght up by deal]s = ! use ( millionaires1 & we %all soon h no visible hi/ory b 9 our museums4 ,b1 above ! d9 ( ! m>ket & ! confusion ( political tongues1 a cl>ion call is he>d1 & ?r\gh ! d>kness breaks a new dawn4 ,! ,sociali/ ,ideal comes1 scatt]+ ! cl\ds ( pessimism & decad5ce :i* h la9 heavily on ! _s ( mod]n art4 ,arti/s h already be5 t\*$ by ! /ress & /ir ( ! /ruggle ( ,lab\r & ! pa?os ( ! life ( ! toil]1 :o1 z a pati5t ,atlas1 su/a9s ! e>?y heav5 ( weal? & luxury4 ,9 contact ) ! e>? aga91 & 9 sympa?y ) ! life ( ! p1 _m pa9t]s h f\nd inspiration4 ,"o ( ! greate/ ( mod]n sculptors--,meuni]1 ! ,belgian 7alas6 n[ no m7 0 himself a ,sociali/1 & devot$ himself to ! /udy & realization ( types ( h]oic lab\r--! lab\r t takes its life 9 its h& 9 e ord9>y day's "w--at ! furnace m\? or 9 ! coal m9e4 ,a gr\p ( 8 figures & reliefs =ms a noble epic 9 bronze ( ! mod]n toil]4 ,franois ,millet may be said to h pa9t$ ! epic ( ! ,fr5* agricultural lab\r]1 ?\gh n1 app>5tly1 f any consci\s or revolution>y po9t ( view1 b r z a sympa!tic obs]v] record+ its pa?os4 ,mu* 9 ! same _s ,joseph ,israels 9 ,holl&1 & ,lieb]mann 9 ,g]many1 h pa9t$ aspects ( ! work]'s life4 ,_m ( our isl& pa9t]s f a simil> /&po9t h pa9t$ ! ,engli% work]s--su* z ,george ,claus51 ,h4 ,h4 ,la ,?angue1 ,frank ,brangwyn1 ,/anhope ,=bes1 ,h4 ,s4 ,tuke1 ,pr(4 ,fr$]ick ,br[n1 ! late ,*>les ,furse1 & ! late ,f4 ,madox ,br[n--& %[n u ! toil]s ( ! sea & l&1 & ! nameless h]oes ( ! life-boat1 & ! trag$ies ( ! fi%+ village4 ,! aspects ( lab\r "u mod]n conditions1 inde$1 h a deep significance1 m1 p]haps1 ?an ! arti/ or ! lab\r]1 unconsci\s ( ,socialism1 is probably aw>e (4 ,to ! arti/ x is always invigorat+ to get d[n to ! roots ( life1 & draw fre% inspiration f ! simple life ( simple p meet+ nature face to face e day ( _! lives4 ,! repres5tation ( types & aspects ( mod]n lab\r1 h[ev]1 may or may n always be an indication ( ! effect ( ,sociali/ sympa?ies or ! inspiration ( ! ,sociali/ ,ideal1 & 9 any case x only exhibits "o phase ( su* sympa?y4 ,b ! ,sociali/ ideal has und\bt$ly _h a great influ5ce 9 ano!r direction1 namely1 9 :at are g5]ally kn[n z ! ,arts & ,crafts2 & x is n a little rem>kable t ! mod]n revival 9 ,design & ,h&icraft may claim manufactur+ & individuali/ic ,engl& z its bir?place4 ,?is fact has be5 freely & g5]\sly ackn[l$g$ by our ,cont95tal bre?r54 ,! p]ception ( ! ess5tially social "* ( ! arts t m9i/] to daily life1 & ! dep5d5ce ( ,design & ,h&icraft ^u effective & sympa!tic co-op]ation among gr\ps ( work]s h drawn craftsm5 toge!r1 & has l$ 9 "s sort to a revival ( guilds4 ,"s ( ^! guilds1 l ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild 7f\nd$ z long ago z #ahhd7 are = discussion ( a demon/ration 9 ! v>i\s arti/ic h&icrafts1 & = mutual in=mation & help4 ,! influ5ce ( su* guilds 9 ! revival ( _m beautiful crafts on s\nd l9es1 &1 above all1 9 imbu+ arti/s ( diff]5t crafts ) a s5se ( ! unity ( art c h>dly be ov]e/imat$4 ,o!r guilds1 gr\ps ( work]s1 & indu/rial associations h be5 =m$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry = ! practice ( ! h&icrafts1 influ5c$ by ! tea*+ ( ,john ,rusk9 & ,william ,morris4 ,o!rs1 aga91 are h>dly m ?an comm]cial ent]prises1 b all endeav\r to meet 9 "o way or ano!r ! increas+ public int]e/ 9 h&-"w4 ,?is ,engli% movem5t ( ! la/ tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s or s is usually trac$ to ! work%op ( ,william ,morris1 :o1 ) a gr\p ( di/+ui%$ arti/s1 repres5t$ ! advanc$ s*ool 9 ,engli% art at t "t1 f\nd$ ! firm :i* /ill be>s 8 "n "s "t 9 ! sixties1 ma9ly1 at fir/1 to supply arti/s & p ( ref9$ ta/e ) simple furniture & dome/ic decoration t !y c\ld live )4 ,morris1 :o became s conspicu\s an in/ance lat]1 ( ! influ5ce ( ! ,sociali/ ,ideal1 0 n !n a consci\s ,sociali/1 ?\gh he 0 f ! fir/ 9 con/ant prote/ aga9/ ! false ta/e & pret5ti\sness ( mod]n decorative art1 :i* _h sunk to a v comm]cial & common-place level "u mid-n9ete5? c5tury indu/rial conditions1 controll$ by division ( lab\r & ! ma*9e4 ,! fact t he 0 a poet & a man ( lett]s z well z an arti/ gave additional =ce to 8 revolution 9 ,engli% ta/e1 & increas$ 8 influ5ce v mu*1 :ile 8 own position z an employ]1 & man ( bus9ess br\ght him face to face ) ! conditions ( lab\r & mod]n indu/ry4 ,al?\gh 9 8 own "w & ! "w he controll$ he 0 highly successful1 & by ! vig\r & beauty ( 8 designs1 "u m$iaeval influ5ce1 especially 9 wov5 /uffs & wall cov]+s1 he q turn$ ! tide ( ta/e1 he ab&on$ hope t !re c\ld be any real or la/+ improvem5t 9 ! arts "u ! exi/+ economic & social conditions1 & he did n seem to %>e 9 ! belief :i* has animat$ "s ( 8 fri5ds & foll[]s1 t ! ,arts & ,crafts movem5t itself w\ld prove a means ( revolutioniz+ me?ods ( production & c>ry+ on an effective propag&a = ,socialism4 ,! next /ep =w>d 0 made by ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society :i* 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahhh by a gr\p ( arti/s :i* includ$ ar*itects1 pa9t]s1 sculptors1 z well z design]s & craftsm5 ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,! society arose f ! ru9s ( a sort ( secessioni/ movem5t ( pa9t]s aga9/ ! ,royal ,academy & its n>r[ views ( art & exclusiv5ess4 ,among its memb]s 7 m5 ( v diff]5t ideas1 b ) ^! 7 sev]al fully conv9c$ & consci\s ,sociali/s1 /rongly imbu$ ) ,morris's ideals1 ?\gh ,morris himself did n at fir/ jo9 u1 ! pres5t writ] be+ elect$ z fir/ presid5t & s]v+ 9 t (fice = ! fir/ ?ree ye>s ( ! society's exi/5ce1 :5 ,morris 0 elect$ to ! *air & s]v$ till 8 dea? 9 #ahif4 ,our ma9 & o/5sible purpose 0 to advance ! /ate ( ! decorative arts by unit+ design & h&icraft1 & by ackn[l$g+ ! %>e & arti/ic responsibility ( ! individual workm5 :o co-op]at$ 9 ! production ( a "w ( art1 also to give opportunities to design]s & craftsm5 to exhibit _! "w & appeal directly to ! public1 & by hold+ select$ exhibitions ( design & h&icraft f "t to "t to ma9ta9 a /&>d ( ta/e & workman%ip :i* hi!rto !re _h be5 no means ( do+4 ,c\rses ( lectures on ! arts by memb]s ( ! society accompani$ our e>li] exhibitions1 & ^! h s9ce be5 publi%$1 & by su* means our propag&a 0 greatly ext5d$4 ,if we _c claim to h solv$ ! ,lab\r "q1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 no?+ %ort ( a ,sociali/ sy/em c d1 we h ass]t$ ! claims ( decorative & indu/rial art & ( ! craftsman1 & we h enabl$ a body ( arti/ic craftsm5 to appeal direct to ! public1 :ile _m ( our memb]s ?r\gh tea*+ bodies1 su* z ! ,bo>d ( ,education & ! ,c\nty ,c\ncils h be5 ! means ( inculcat+ s\nd traditions ( workman%ip among l>ge numb]s ( "y /ud5ts & appr5tices f v>i\s trades :o g to /udy 9 ! ev5+ s*ools1 & s c>ry back into _! ord9>y "w fre% ideas & enhanc$ skill & ta/e4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,arts & ,crafts movem5t has c]ta9ly be5 sociali/ic 9 increas+ ! respect = workman%ip1 & 9 awak5+ ! s5se ( ! public to ! ne$ ( humane & heal?ful conditions = ! work]s1 ov] & above ! inculcation ( ! desire = beauty 9 common ?+s1 & h>moni\s surr\nd+s ( a ref9$ if simple life4 ,its quiet me?ods /ill s]ve indirectly ! propag&a ( ! ,sociali/ ,ideal4 ,only rec5tly1 = in/ance1 an exhibition 0 organiz$ 9 ,london ( ! "w ( v>i\s ,guilds ( ,h&icraft1 by a lady on ! /aff ( a well-kn[n ,sociali/ weekly j\rnal1 :i* demon/rat$ on ! "o h& ! joy 9 art & h&icraft "u happy & fair conditions = ! work]1 & on ! o!r %[$ ! conditions ( sweat$ lab\r by liv+ examples work+ at _! mis]ably paid trades4 ,a riv] ga!rs volume by ! contributions ( ! small /reams :i* fl[ into x1 & s ) ! great movem5t ( ,socialism1 :i*1 compreh5d+ z x does1 ! :ole range ( human ef=t & aspiration1 is cont9ually wid5+ & increas+ 9 dep? & =ce1 n only by ! direct action ( its lead]s1 & ! support ( its consci\s foll[]s1 b 9 _m indirect ways4 ,! sum ( :i* x w\ld be difficult to e/imate ?\gh e influ5ce c\nts1 & ev5 ! v opposition ( enemies (t5 has ! contr>y effect to t int5d$ by !m1 & n only s1 b z we may obs]ve 9 ! political ar5a ^! are sometimes driv5 to def5d _! position by borr[+ palliative weapons f ! arm\ry ( ^? !y pr(ess bitt]ly to oppose4 ,! =ms :i* art w take :5 ,socialism is actually e/abli%$ w probably be v diff]5t f ^? :i* h]ald its adv5t4 ,! consid]ation ( su* a l>ge subject involves mu* speculation1 b f ! analogy ( ! inspir+ influ5ce ( ! anci5t religions :i* h held sway ov] mank9d1 & :i*1 controll+ ! :ole ( human life1 focuss$ ! mo/ beautiful art ^u its my/]ies & beatitudes1 & drew bo? ! s5ses & ! intellect ( man into _! s]vice1 we _c b believe t ! feel+ ( ! solid>ity ( humanity1 & all t x implies1 :i* w\ld dom9ate all social ?\ght & conduct 9 a collective socializ$ community1 w\ld become a religion1 :5 its full significance & its be>+ on e dep>tm5t ( life 0 fully realiz$2 b a religion free f ! %ad[ ( degrad+ sup]/itions1 & f ! ta9t ( asceticism1 & "u :i* !re w\ld be no %irk+ ( ei!r ! "w or ! enjoym5t ( ! e>?--a religion ^: highe/ sanction w\ld be human happ9ess1 & 9 :i* its vot>ies w\ld discov] n only a s\nd rule ( conduct = e-day life1 b an inspir+ ideal to lead ! _s ev] onw>ds4 ,human hi/ory w\ld acquire a new significance 9 ! m9d ( ! poet & ! arti/1 z !y beheld1 9 ! long c\rse ( evolution1 ! race 9 a va/ procession em]g+ f ! mi/s ( primaeval "t2 f its e>ly /ruggles ) wild nature2 f ! g5s & ! tribal /ate1 f9d+ safety 9 primitive communism1 & 9 t /ate behold+ ! inv5tion ( ! ess5tial fundam5tal necessities & appliances1 su* z ! spade1 ! pl\gh1 & ! :eel1 ! sp9n+ & weav+ ( clo?1 pott]y1 & ! bir? ( song & art4 ,f ! tragic vicissitudes ( hi/ory1 ( race-conflict1 ( conque/ & dom9ation ( w>like tribes & ! in/itution ( slav]y1 ! f\ndation & influ5ce ( ! great anci5t /ates & empires1 & _! inevitable decay & fall1 & ! new ord] spr++ f _! ru9s2 ! tragic tale ( w>s & pe/il5ce & fam9e1 ( flood & ( fire & ( e>?quake1 & yet onw>d /ill ?r\gh all ^! p]ils & disa/]s we may see humanity m>*+ b5ea? ! bann] ( social ju/ice to fulfil its de/9y2 ! h]o spirits /ill pass+ ! tor* ( enlight5m5t & fre$om f h& to h&1 & z "o s9ks into ! sil5ce ano!r advances t[>ds ! full flu% ( ! new morn+4 ,transfigur$ 9 t new light may we n see a recreat$ e>?1 & h] *ildr5 set free f ! bondage ( gold :e!r ( _s or ( body--! race ( man ent]+ into its inh]itance at la/1 hav+ triumph$ ov] ! wor/ & mo/ insidi\s ( all ! despotisms t h ev] dom9at$ ! e>?--,capitalism4 ,!n "u ! collective control ( ! means ( exi/5ce1 :5 none %all be crippl$ or /unt$ by want1 or degrad$ by =c$ or unheal?y lab\r1 :at a diff]5t ?+ life w mean to ! p4 ,! cl\d ( c>e & anxiety to secure a b>e subsi/5ce :i* n[ d>k5s ! _s ( millions %all be lift$1 z well z its inv]t$ reflection 9 ! p>simoni\s _s ( "s :o h nev] kn[n want1 & all ! sordid +5uity1 toil1 s*em+1 craft1 & tr\ble to w9 a lucky ?r[ 9 ! comm]cial speculative gamble w pass away1 & we may beg9 to live4 ,! :ole noxi\s & squalid brood ( vices & crimes connect$ ) ! individual possession ( ri*es1 or ! desire = !m1 or ! want ( !m1 be+ swept away1 we may beg9 to und]/& ! possibilities ( life ^u ?is e>?1 9 s f> z !y may be 9 ! collective p[] ( man4 ,) all ! res\rces ( sci5ce1 & ! pot5tial glories ( art 9 our h&s1 ) unprec$5t$ control ov] ! =ces ( nature1 & 9 full k ( ! ess5tials ( heal?1 ^! be+ all d$icat$ to ! s]vice ( ! :ole community1 :o w\ld ?us be 9 possession ( ! elem5ts & mat]ials = a full & happy human life1 surely we %all f9d new & abundant inspiration = art1 & con/ant social use & dem& = its p[]s4 ,9 depict+ ! /ory ( man1 & ! drama ( life2 9 great public monum5ts2 9 commemoration ( ! pa/1 9 ! education ( ! pres5t2 9 ! adorn+ ( dome/ic & public build+s & places2 9 ! accompanim5ts ( great fe/ivals1 processions1 & celebrations--9 su* directions1 surely1 we %all f9d ! wide/ possible field = ! ex]cise ( all ! capacities ( art--ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 sculpture & ! arts ( design & h&icraft1 ) music & poesy1 z 9 ! fullness ( communal life we %all possess ! mat]ials = build+ & ma9ta9+ fair cities1 & dwell+ places surpass+ 9 beauty any?+ t ! hi/ory ( ! _w has yet record$1 s9ce _! f\ndations w re/ ^u ! welf>e ( ! :ole p4 ,,on ,,! ,,/udy ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,art ,,on ,,! ,,/udy ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,art ,v>i\s views ( an arti/'s life1 & motives = foll[+ art are apt to pres5t !mselves to ^? on ! ?re%old ( ! va/ field ( its /udy1 b ^! aft] all may mo/ly be summ$ up 9 "o ( ! two gov]n+ reasons1 :i* may be express$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,! pure love ( art4 #b4 ,! sake ( a livelihood4 7,a ?ird1 = pa/ime1 sometimes comes 91 b may be dismiss$ z art _c be /udi$ to any purpose except 9 a s]i\s _s47 ,9 practice x g5]ally comes ab\t t ^! fir/ two h to be reconcil$ 9 "s way1 & x becomes a press+ "q soon] or lat] z to h[ to d s1 ?\gh x is always well to rememb] t !re is no natural connection betwe5 love & money 9 ! arts &1 inde$1 x w\ld be bett] if all "w c\ld be inspir$ by & done = love4 ,at ! same "t1 "u pres5t economic arrangem5ts1 ! lab\r] is at lea/ wor?y ( 8 hire2 & x might also be said t :5 pov]ty comes 9 at ! door art--if n love--is apt 7?\gh n always7 to fly out ( ! w9d[4 ,! same sequ5ce sometimes happ5s also ) ! sudd5 adv5t ( ri*es1 :i* also has a way ( ?r[+ dome/ic arrangem5ts out ( h>mony1 s t "h1 z 9 o!r cases1 extremes meet1 & too mu* may be z bad z n en\gh 9 its effects ^u art4 ,to pa9t great ma/]pieces & make fame & =tune is an ambition giv5 to few to realize4 ,! ma/]piece at all ev5ts mu/ be a lab\r ( love1 :e!r fame or =tune foll[ or n1 & 9 ! hi/ory ( art x has happ5$ ov] & ov] aga9 t ma/]pieces h n be5 in/antly recogniz$1 & ! ma/] usually has _h to wait = recognition & rew>d--if t c be said 9 any real s5se to lie outside ! accompli%m5t ( 8 "w4 ,good art1 l virtue1 is its own rew>d4 ,yet1 z a f9ancial "* rem>ks1 9 a play ( ,mr4 ,george ,moore's1 ,man _c live by virtue alone4 ,virtue itself inde$ requires appropriate conditions = its developm5t & su/5ance1 j z ! arti/ requires support & sympa?y4 ,! w>m brea? ( appreciation w draw up ! sap ( creative impulse & x w put =? bud & leaf1 blossom & fruit4 ,?is pot5tiality = art1 exi/s 9 a rudim5t>y way ?\gh 9 v v>y+ degrees 9 p]haps all individuals1 b z a g5]al rule skill & facility are only acquir$ at ! price ( con/ant devotion1 a devotion spontane\s & s9c]e4 ,ev5 great gifts & natural or inh]it$ adaptability require to be /r5g!n$ & made supple by /udy & con/ant practice & obs]vation4 ,i h allud$ to ! importance ( a sympa!tic atmosph]e1 & x sometimes happ5s t ! g]m ( arti/ic impulse has to /ruggle ) adv]se circum/ances1 & x becomes a "q ( its /r5g? & endurance :e!r x w survive till m fav\rable opportunities = its developm5t arrive4 ,:]e f ! e>lie/ ! /ud5t has be5 surr\nd$ by ! tools & implem5ts ( art1 :5 he has se5 x progress+ be=e 8 eyes1 ! ga9 is enorm\s ov] ^? :o take up _! /udies late1 & to :om ! _w ( art is comp>atively my/]i\s & /range4 ,! m]e imitative impulse1 :i* appe>s to be possess$ 9 common by all mank9d 9 a c]ta9 degree1 w 9 ! fir/ in/ance ga9 a c]ta9 ease & facility ( h& 9 deal+ ) tools--say p5cil1 bru% & col\r1 :i* itself is a v great advantage to beg9 )4 ,9 fact1 ! fir/ consid]ation 9 /udy+ art is facility ( h&4 ,)\t x1 really no?+ c be done s9ce ! p[] ( expression is s mu* dep5d5t ^u x4 ,9 ?is connection ,i 0 mu* /ruck1 :ile 9 ,am]ica1 ) a me?od adopt$ by a tea*] 7,mr4 ,lib]ty ,tadd7#e 9 ,philadelphia1 a city 9 :i* v great att5tion 0 be+ paid to all =ms ( te*nical in/ruction4 ,well1 ?is tea*] did n pr(ess to tra9 arti/s at all4 ,8 object 0 to give facility ( h&4 ,he took *ildr5 ( v>i\s ages--q "y to beg9 )--f ! ord9>y prim>y s*ools1 & set !m to draw on ! black bo>d ) a piece ( *alk 9 ea* h& c]ta9 figures4 ,circles to beg9 )1 & c]ta9 symmetric =ms ( ornam5t z %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,! facility !y acquir$ 0 extraord9>y4 ,he !n set !m to :at he call$ memorize ^! =ms & comb9e !m 9 design z !y be/ c\ld1 & to model su* designs 9 clay1 & to c>ve !m 9 wood4 ,well1 x /ruck me ?is might be capable ( developm5t4 ,at any rate1 cle>ly1 facility ( h& c\ld be develop$ by ex]cise1 j z muscul> /r5g? c be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,progressive ,,blackbo>d ,,practice ,,9 ,,bi-,,manual ,,tra9+4 7,f ,new ,me?ods 9 ,education1 by ,lib]ty ,tadd74 ,f su* simple ex]cises a /ud5t might advance1 & ^? :o develop$ m faculty or ta/e 9 c]ta9 directions r ?an o!rs--say 9 modell+ r ?an draw+1 or 9 c>v+--might pursue fur!r ^? p>ticul> bran*es1 mak+ !m ma9 /udies to :i* o!r side /udies w\ld contribute4 ,! use ( col\r1 & ! habit ( work+ directly on ! pap] ) ! bru%1 l ! ,japanese1 w\ld aga9 give enorm\s facility & precision ( t\*1 ( great value bo? to ! design] ( patt]ns & also to ! pictorial arti/4 ,! direct bru% me?od has be51 s9ce ?is 0 fir/ writt51 practis$ 9 our s*ools1 (t5 ) surpris+ results indicat+ consid]able design faculty 9 "y *ildr54 ,me?od is s mu* a "q ( habit1 & 9 s _m dep>tm5ts ( design precision ( t\* & directness ( execution are ( su* importance--9 ! prep>ation ( work+ designs = cotton pr9t+ = in/ance4 ,! india-rubb]1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 sometimes is ! root 7or ! sap7 ( all evil4 ,x is = ?is quality ( precision & te*nical adaptability to ! conditions ( manufacture :i* has1 ,i believe1 induc$ _m manufactur]s to seek _! designs & work+ draw+s on ! cont95t4 ,f ! specim5s ,i h se5 h[ev]1 ,i _c say ,i am impress$ ) ! orig9ality or f]tility ( ! designs1 & :51 too--?\gh ,i am by no means ( ! ,j+o p]suasion--x came to gett+ y\r ,briti% lion design$ abroad1 unicorn & all ! re/ ( ! national h]aldry1 x seem$ r a r$uctio ad absurdum4 ,yet aft] all1 ( c\rse1 we mu/ conc$e morally our ,fr5* or ,g]man bro!r has z mu* "r to life z we4 ,competitive comm]ce c]ta9ly is no respect] ( nationality4 ,we mu/ all take our *ance 9 ! _w m>ket n[adays4 ,we are all *a9$ to ! conqu]or's c>4 ,we want a new ,petr>* to write ! triumph ( comm]cialism1 & a new design] to picture x1 z ! old triumphs are depict$ ) e spl5d\r ( inv5tive accessory1 & magnific5ce ( decorative effect 9 ^? ,burgundian tape/ries at ,hampton ,c\rt & ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,well1 ,i am afraid ! mod]n triumph1 su* z x is1 is pictur$ = u 9 ! rampant po/]1 :i* pursues u 9 & out ( /ations1 up & d[n /reets1 & ev5 along ! railway l9es1 :i* la/ vantage gr\nd hi!rto has be5 ! pr]ogative ( our ,am]ican c\s9s4 ,i d n say ! po/] has no place 9 art1 & _m v able arti/s h design$ po/]s1 &1 on ! :ole1 our free popul> exhibitions on ! ho>d+s h ga9$ bo? 9 int]e/ & pr9t+ skill1 & decorative effect ( late ye>s4 ,"u consid]able re/ra9t & *a/5+ x might be possible to make ! ann\ncem5t ( useful w>es & !atrical ev5ts at lea/ in(f5sive1 p]haps1 & x may be t ! m]e work+ ( competition w produce a dem& = m ref9$ productions1 s9ce :5 all %\t toge!r no "o voice is likely to be he>d1 & ! accept$ !ory ( a po/] is t x mu/ %\t--b let u keep x out ( our sc5]y4 ,any way ! subject is important s9ce our ho>d+s are evid5tly ! mo/ obvi\sly public education 9 pictorial & typographical design4 ,x is1 aft] all1 :at meets our eyes e day t influ5ces u4 ,x is ! surr\nd+--! set sc5e ( e-day life t affects our arti/ic s5se m ?an any?+4 ,:ile a visit to a museum or art gall]y is only an occasional matt]1 except = /ud5ts1 ! mass ( mank9d mu/ take _! impressions ( col\r & =m f :at !y see ar\nd !m4 ,x is1 we "k1 ! p]si/5ce & aggregation ( small causes t h play$ ! *ief "p 9 ! modell+ ( ! e>? z we see x1 & :i* are cont9ually *ang+ its aspect4 ,9 l mann] ! g5]al s5se or s5sitiv5ess to beauty is act$ ^u unconsci\sly1 ,i h no d\bt1 by ! aspects ( e-day life1 by ! col\rs & =ms ( ! /reet & ! m>ket z well z by ! pictures & furniture ( our dome/ic int]iors4 ,if ?is !ory is correct1 x foll[s t any?+ :i* impairs t s5sitiv5ess mu/ injure ! faculty ( its appreciation & production4 ,we h be5 too c>eless 9 ?is matt]1 & con/ant tol]ation & famili>ity ) hide\s surr\nd+s brutalizes & blunts ! p]ceptions1 & see+ h[ l>gely ugl9ess ( =m & col\r prevails 9 at lea/ ! ext]nals ( mod]n life1 especially ( our manufactur+ c5tres1 x is p]haps n surpris+ t a c]ta9 cult1 a c]ta9 wor%ip ( ! ugly %\ld h obta9$ a foot+ ev5 9 art4 ,i d n d5y !re are c]ta9 tragic aspects ( indu/rialism1 a c]ta9 weird fasc9ation 9 drift+ cl\ds ( smoke1 & beauty 9 ! =ms ( escap+ /eam1 & t graphic repres5tations ( ! v>i\s re/less aspects ( mod]n life1 h1 9 proportion to _! s9c]ity1 hi/oric value4 ,x is at all ev5ts our life & mu/ be record$1 ?\gh x leads to ! art ( ! newspap]--b a great deal ( clev] art c be put into a newspap]4 ,our newspap]s are p]haps gett+ ! bett] ( u2 l ,*ronos ! press dev\rs its own *ildr51 & no "o kn[s h[ _m g5iuses are ye>ly swall[$ up1 or h[ _m lives & tal5ts consum$ 9 ord] t ! com=table _w %all h its di% ( news & views at ! breakfa/ table1 z well z 9 successive relays1 s]v$ up l muff9s1 f ! ris+ ( ! sun to ! go+ d[n ( ! electric light4 ,well1 ,art1 l lit]ature1 may be said to be divid$ into prose1 poetry1 & p5ny-a-l9+1 or1 to f9d equival5ts we might say1 ! creative1 ! pictorial1 & ! pot-boil+ k9ds4 ,! fir/ two are gov]n$ by _! own laws & ! individual pref]5ces ( ! arti/1 ! ?ird dep5ds ^u fa%ion1 ! /ate ( ! m>kets1 av]ages & ! laws ( supply & dem&4 ,n[ x seems q possible 9 an arti/ic life1 :ile pres]v+ an ideal ( beauty ( design & workman%ip 9 :atev] direction )\t sacrifice ( pr9ciple1 to rema9 9 t\* ) ! ord9>y wants ( humanity--to realize t t art is n necess>ily ! highe/ :i* is always 9 ! cl\ds1 b1 inde$1 t all k9ds ( art ga9 9 "* & beauty 9 proportion z ! ideas !y express are inc>nate z x 7--insep>able f ! p>ticul> mat]ials 9 :i* !y are embodi$4 ,_! peculi> conditions & limitations op5ly & frankly ackn[l$g$1 & s f> f be+ felt 9 ! nature ( a bondage1 really are aids to di/9ct & beautiful decoration1 z is ! case 9 all ! arts & crafts ( design1 %[+ t s9c]ity is ! fundam5tal condition ( good design & workman%ip1 :i* nev] pride !mselves on imitat+ qualities :i* prop]ly belong to o!r =ms ( art & o!r mat]ials4 ,!re are two sy/ems1 or me?ods1 or pr9ciples ( education 9 art4 i4 ,! ,academic or absolute4 ii4 ,! ,exp]im5tal1 or relative1 & adaptive4 ,! "o tea*+ art or design 9 ! ab/ract on c]ta9 cut-&-dri$ pr9ciples & me?ods1 & fix$ canons & /&>ds1 pass+ e m9d ?r\gh ! same mill1 )\t special ref]5ce to any p>ticul> conditions ( craftsman%ip or individual pref]5ce4 ,! o!r tea*+ design 9 concrete =ms & 9 direct relation to tools1 me?ods & mat]ials1 ) ! object ( call+ out ! individual feel+ & sett+ x free to express itself "u ! natural limitations ( art 9 its own way4 ,! latt] is ! me?od ( our new te*nical & ,arts & ,crafts s*ools1 s t a /ud5t may really acquire a practical work+ k ( ! peculi> requirem5ts ( design to be reproduc$ 9 any process ( manufacture1 in/ead ( be+ laun*$ on ! _w ) vague g5]al ideas ( draw+ & pa9t+1 b ignorant ( h[ to apply !m4 ,x ( c\rse rema9s to be prov$ h[ f> te*nical s*ools c really effici5tly take ! place ( ! old work%op tra9+ "u ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 :i* l$ to good results 9 ! pa/1 b :ile "o mu/ ( c\rse recognize t *ang$ times require new me?ods1 we ought also cle>ly to realize t effici5cy 9 ! use ( tools & mat]ials1 & adaptability to mat]ials1 ) ! view ( be>+ on ! prosp]ity ( trade & supply+ manufactur]s ) m highly skill$ design]s & workm51 ) increas$ competition1 g to =m "o aim & ultimate object4 ,q ano!r is ! l effici5cy1 gov]n$ by ! fre% creative impulse ( arti/s & craftsman tak+ ke5 pleasure 9 _! "w1 ) leisure = reflection & enjoym5t1 & ! ga!r+ ( fre% ideas f no poor1 mean or /9t$ life1 & n depriv$ ( ! /imulat+ influ5ces ( natural or ar*itectural beauty1 or ! t\* ( ref9em5t1 & ) ! /imulat+ emulation & co-op]ation ( fell[%ip in/ead ( cut-?roat competition4 ,^! are two ideals some:at di/9ct4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :i* goal we %all ultimately rea*1 b mu* dep5ds ^u :i* we ea* individually "w =1 s9ce individual impulse & action are precipitat$ 9 ! collective =ce :i* f9ally moves ! _w4 ,at pres5t ! requirem5ts ( arti/ic ideals are n always id5tical ) ! dem&s ( comm]ce1 & sometimes n s 9 any s5se at all4 ,!re mu/ be always ,i %\ld ?9k "s p>ticul> individual res]ve 9 ! arti/ :i* mu/ bide its "t & ! fitt+ m$ium & opportunity = its expression4 ,! _w is sl[ to appreh5d new manife/ations ( orig9al tal5t & w n accept immature ma/]pieces4 ,x becomes a "q !re=e = ! individual arti/ h[ f> he c1 )\t ca/+ away or los+ sight ( 8 high] ideals & aspirations1 associate himself ) "w ( a less ambiti\s1 m imm$iately s]viceable1 b n necess>ily less arti/ic k9d4 ,x is "h t te*nical k w come 9 to help him1 & !re is room = ! v be/ tal5ts & inv5tion 9 design 9 ! "w ( ! loom1 & ! pr9t+ press1 iron1 wood1 /one1 metal1 glass1 9 a ?\s& mat]ials & =ms :i* contribute to build up ! life ( ord9>y civiliz$ man4 ,:5 ! design & con/ruction ( our furniture1 & ! v>i\s patt]ns & accessories :i* m9i/] to ! daily wants ( humanity fall into purely me*anical h&s1 & arti/ic craftsm5 no long] conc]n !mselves ) ! unity ( use & beauty1 ! s5se ( beauty & pleasure 9 life :i* comes ( ! ex]cise ( ! arti/ic faculty & ( its appreciation1 bo? are 9 a fair way to p]i% ( inanition4 ,x _c too (t5 be insi/$ on t ! vital spr+s :i* n\ri% ! gr[? ( ! tree ( art to its topmo/ bran*es mu/ be look$ = 9 ! h>moni\s "* ( all ?+s connect$ ) life itself1 & s9ce human happ9ess is b\nd up ) h>moni\s social arrangem5ts 9 all ways1 ! importance ( su* consid]ations _c well be exagg]at$4 ,z 9 ! pursuit ( art we advance 9 ! possession & int]pretation ( beauty & 9 ! p[] ( conf]r+ high] pleasure to ! cultivat$ s5ses & intellect1 s are ! =ms ( art apt to be plac$ high] 9 ! scale3 b ,high ,art c only mean ! art :i* embodies ! highe/ beauty & conveys ! mo/ la/+ & ennobl+ pleasure4 ,x is its quality m ?an its p>ticul> =m :i* settles ?is4 ,%>p l9es ( dem>cation are (t5 drawn betwe5 f9e art & decorative1 or indu/rial1 art1 = in/ance1 :i* h prov$ v mislead+4 ,a good design is f> & away bett] ?an a bad picture any day1 b ! arts are really an equal bro!rhood4 ,excell5ce 9 any "o bran* probably requires z f9e capacities z excell5ce 9 ano!r4 ,beauty is ( diff]5t k9ds1 b p]fect beauty ( design & workman%ip mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to be s1 aft] its k9d1 :5ev] we meet ) x1 & :o %all hold ! scales betwe5 "o k9d ( beauty & ano!r4 ,if an exquisite "w ( ! loom--say su* a ,p]sian c>pet z may be se5 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 satisfies ! eye ) lovely & subtle h>monies ( col\r1 ) delicate & beautiful & inv5tive design1 & ev5 sugge/ions ( romance & poetry3 c ! f9e/ "w ( ! pa9t] give u m8 ,are ?reads & dyes necess>ily inf]ior to pigm5ts & palettes1 or ! loom less a "w ( +5i\s jo9]y ?an ! easel8 ,:atev] may be ! (ficial & sci5tific classification ( ! arts agre$ on1 !re is b "o _s 9 :i* to /udy & practice 9 any or all ( !m--s9c]ity & ! love ( beauty4 ,/rive to atta9 excell5ce 9 ! ?+s :i* are !mselves excell5t s\nds a good dictum b x is ?or\ghly ,academic4 ,c]ta9 ?+s are assum$ to be excell5t1 & !n excell5ce is to be /riv5 = 9 !m & 9 !m alone4 ,b h[ (t5 9 life--9 ! hi/ory ( art & humanity has x be5 t "s great arti/ & inv5tor has tak5 "s poor despis$ ?+ & made x excell5t4 ,?9k ( ! weal? ( beauty & inv5tion :i* makes alive ! smalle/ fragm5t ( ,go?ic c>v+1 & inve/s e cup & b[l1 e b5* end & knife-h&le ( ! middle ages ) beauty & romance4 ,! commone/ we$ may conta9 a f9e motive 9 design1 j z1 9 ano!r way1 ! :ole _s ( ,japanese art 9 its weird1 half-sup]natural naturalism & magic delicacy ( t\*1 may haunt a t9y ivory button1 or be wr\ght into a sword hilt4 ,x does n foll[ t ev]y?+ %\ld be ornam5t$4 ,arti/ic feel+ is %[n (t5 z mu* 9 ! judgem5t :i* re/ra9s or =bids ornam5t z 9 ! f]tility ( inv5tion f :i* x spr+s4 ,organic consi/5cy1 adaptation to purpose1 h>mony & relation to surr\nd+s4 ,^! are qualities at lea/ z important z ornam5t4 ,yet x seems (t5 to be ?\ght t decorative art means ornam5t+ some?+3 b ! v ^w decoration mu/ mean some?+ appropriate--fitt+1 p]fectly adapt$4 ,! eng9e] :o borr[s ca/-iron ,roman capitals & m\ld+s to adorn ! iron rail+ & supports ( 8 gasomet] is n necess>ily mak+ x m arti/ic4 ,a wr\ght-iron scre5 veil+ ! cyl9d] altoge!r1 full ( fancy & grace ( treatm5t1 might be m arti/ic--?\gh x might raise ! price ( gas4 ,! skeleton has a beauty ( its own1 ,?\ art nor modell$1 glaz$1 or fram$1 says ,t5nyson1 to 8 r\gh sket* ( man4 ,yet we %\ld n l to live 9 a _w ( skeletons1 h[ev] valuable a k ( ! bones & me*anism ( ! jo9ts is to /ud5ts ( ! human =m4 ,eng9e]s are good skeleton mak]s1 b _! skeleton /ructures d n (t5 appeal to ! s5se ( ! beautiful--f ! ,eiffel ,t[] to ! ,=? ,bridge4 ,!y c nev] be mi/ak5 = ar*itecture1 !y are triumphs ( eng9e]+1 b !y rema9 skeletons1 & !y are too big to be put 9 ! cupbo>d4 ,p]haps our eng9e]s are busy devis+ skeletons = ! future to clo! & inve/ ) life & beauty--or to bury6 ,yet = all t con/ructive l9es--at lea/1 simple ones :i* ! eye c foll[ are1 z a rule1 beautiful l9es4 ,b ,i ?9k if ! s5se ( beauty 0 really a liv+ & effective =ce1 we %\ld consid] x a crime to de/roy natural or ar*itectural beauty1 or to take away ! public possession or enjoym5t ( x by any means1 & %\ld insi/ t ! problem ( utility 0 b half solv$ unless ! result 0 h>moni\s4 ,at pres5t ! _w seems too busy ab\t o!r matt]s--dissect+ & analys+1 exp]im5t+1 buy+ & sell+1 manufactur+ & speculat+1 to c>e collectively = beauty1 p]haps1 & tru? is at pres5t too _m-sid$ & composite to be easily reconcil$ ) beauty4 ,all is tumult & conflict1 & ?r\gh ! smoke & du/ ( ! comm]cial competitive battle 9 :i* we sp5d our lives we are n q sure :5 ! sun is %9+1 & :5 we are sure1 are p]haps too busy mak+ ! prov]bial hay to notice ! beauty ( x4 ,t is only = arti/s & idl]s1 & ! _w has su* a horror ( idl5ess t p1 n condemn$ to h>d lab\r1 h acquir$ a habit ( be+ extremely busy ab\t no?+ 9 p>ticul>1 & x is suppos$ to be a conclusive argum5t aga9/ ,socialism to ask ,:at w y d ) ! idle8 :i* seems a little l rais+ an objection to eat+ y\r d9n] because y don't "k :at y w d :5 y are n hungry6 ,arti/ic ability & p[] ( design are (t5 talk$ ( z if !y 7 9 ! nature ( conjur+ tricks1 & _! expon5ts l ^? automatic ma*9es at ! /ations :i* only require a p5ny 9 ! slot to satisfy e ord9>y mod]n human requirem5t f butt]-scot* to gre5 spectacles4 ,x is n suffici5tly realiz$ t ! s5se ( art & ! p[] ( its creation is a gr[? ( ! m9d 7z well z facility ( h&7 :i* mu/ h its processes ( g]m9ation & fruition4 ,art is n nature4 ,x is a comm5t>y or creative v>iation ^u x1 b 9 ! progress ( its own developm5t art foll[s natural laws4 ,tru? & ,beauty are true lov]s1 b ! c\rse ( true love nev] did run smoo?4 ,:ile ,tru? 9 v>i\s disguises is roam+ des]t places1 sometimes l a knight errant fight+ ) sph9xes & dragons1 sometimes1 l ,?or ) 8 hamm]1 /rik+ bl[s1 ! effects ( :i* are only se5 long aft]w>ds2 ,beauty1 l an en*ant$ pr9cess1 is (t5 %ut up 9 gloomy ca/les clos$ r\nd ) ?orny woods or ?rong+ factory *imneys4 ,x is our bus9ess to re-discov] h]1 to awak5 h]1 to int]pret h] afre% to ! _w--to %[ t if beauty sleeps1 our s5ses are only half awake1 & our lives a mean+less monotony4 ,footnote #e3 ,mr4 ,lib]ty ,tadd has s9ce develop$ 8 sy/em & has embodi$ 8 tea*+ 9 a l>ge & fully illu/rat$ "w--,new ,me?ods 9 ,education4 ,he has visit$ ?is c\ntry & giv5 lectures 9 exposition ( 8 me?od1 a "p ( :i* is kn[n z bi-manual tra9+1 or ambidext]ity1 ^u :i* !re is an int]e/+ book by ,mr4 ,john ,jackson1 ,f4,e4,i4,s41 ) an introduction by ,major-,g5]al ,r4 ,s4 ,s4 ,bad5-,p[ell1 ,c4,b41 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,kegan ,paul1 ,tr5* & ,co4 ,,on ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,alli$ ,,to ,,ar*itecture ,,on ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,alli$ ,,to ,,ar*itecture4 ,,an ,,address ,,to ,,! ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,! ,,ar*itectural ,,association ,i h be5 ask$ to address y on ! ,arts alli$ to ,ar*itecture4 ,n[1 z /ud5ts ( ,ar*itecture y w feel1 consid]+ h[ closely associat$ all ! arts ( design h be5 9 ! pa/1 ) ,ar*itecture z ! "m-art1 t x w\ld be v difficult to draw a l9e betwe5 !m1 or to def9e ! precise po9t at :i* any "o ( !m naturally "p company to be consid]$ z a sep>ate art4 ,9 ! c\rse ( evolution _m causes & =ces h comb9$ to *ange _! relation%ip1 h[ev]1 & to give "s ( !m a m or less indep5d5t position relatively to :at !y once _h1 z 9 ! case ( mod]n pa9t+ & sculpture2 al?\gh ^! arts 9 _! orig9 appe> to be m closely relat$ & ess5tial to ! =ms ( ar*itecture ) :i* !y are comb9$ ?an almo/ any ( ! o!r crafts4 ,inde$1 x w\ld almo/ seem z if sculpture might dispute ! claim ( primog5iture ) ar*itecture itself1 s9ce cave-dwell+ & rock-cut temples seem m ( ! nature ( ! =m]2 & also :5 we come to ! wall sculptures ( ,n9eveh & f9d w+$ bulls =m+ gateways2 or see1 z at ! gate ( ,myc5ae1 beyond ! build]s' cyclopean craft ( /one on /one1 ! only ar*itectural =ms & ornam5t 9 ! sculpture ( ! slab ov] ! gateway itself1 9 ! column ea* side ( :i* ! lions /&1 & 9 ! c>v$ discs & spirals bel[ !m4 ,aga91 :5 we come to ! build+s ( anci5t ,a!ns1 temples ( ! ,p>!non type might almo/ be describ$ z frames or p$e/als = sculpture1 al?\gh 9 ! case ( ! ,p>!non ! ar*itecture & sculpture are s p]fectly unit$ t we h>dly ?9k ( !m ap>t4 ,! sculptor seizes ^u ! deep p$im5ts & ! triglyphs to tell 8 my?ical & symbolic /ory1 & emphasizes !m 9 bold relief & c\nt]balanc+ mass2 to :i* ! l9es ( ro( & cornice1 ( entablature & column play a h>moni\s accompanim5t1 :ile ! m delicate frieze completes & unites ! :ole s*eme4 ,?\gh we "k t sculpture 0 n left to ! cold embrace ( :ite m>ble1 b mu/ h be5 beautiful 9 col\r z x n[ is 9 =m1 ! g5ius ( sculpture seems to dom9ate "h4 ,greek ar*itecture1 too1 only repeats 9 /one & m>ble & on a l>ge scale ! primitive con/ruction ( wood2 & ?is takes u back to ! days ( ! sacr$ ark1 or ! tab]nacle ( ! ,israelites1 m ( a %r9e or t5t ?an a build+1 :i* dep5d$ s mu* = its beauty ^u ! adornm5t x receiv$ f--,! cunn+ workman1 ! engrav]1 ! embroid]] 9 blue1 & 9 purple1 9 sc>let1 & 9 f9e l951 & ( ! weav]1 ev5 ( !m t d any "w1 & ( ^? t devise cunn+ "w 7,ex4 xxxv1 #ce74 ,c]ta9ly "h1 z 9 ! descriptions ( ! build+ ( ,solomon's temple all ! arts appe>$ to co-op]ate & 7 equally important to ! beauty ( ! result1 & we get a spl5did picture ( ori5tal col\r & ornam5t4 ,! acc\nt ( ! olive-tree doors ( ! temple c>v$ ) *]ubim & palm trees & op5 fl[]s & ov]laid ) gold1 %[s ! e>ly use ( a craft v de> to ! mod]n decorator--gild+3 ?\gh x probably means a m sub/antial k9d ?an t ( ! mod]n frame-mak]1 s9ce ! text has x t he cov]$ !m ) gold fitt$ ^u ! c>v$ "w 7#a ,k+s1 vi1 #ce74 ,! craft ( work+ ?9 plates ( gold & o!r metals 9 rep\ss is cle>ly a v anci5t "o1 & contribut$ to :at mu/ h be5 a v spl5did effect 9 int]ior decoration4 ,our use ( silv]$ or gild$ metal 9 mod]n wall sconces & door plates may be a relic ( times :5 x 0 m ext5sively us$ & on l>g] surfaces1 b "o c h>dly imag9e a m spl5did effect ?an a wall cov]+ ( beat5 gold4 ,! ord9>y brass or copp] rep\ss "w ( our own day is ei!r work$ f ! surface only by foll[+ ! l9es ( ! design drawn on ! metal by a tool call$ a trac]1 /raight or curv$1 z may be requir$ = /raight or curv$ l9es1 al?\gh a /raight trac] w foll[ all b v small curves4 ,! trac] is tapp$ ) a broad-end$ hamm] accord+ to ! am\nt ( relief int5d$4 ,i %\ld h said ! %eet ( metal is fa/5$ d[n ov] a %eet ( lead by screws or nails to a deal bo>d be=e work+ on4 ,:5 ! outl9es ( ! design are hamm]$ out1 ! backgr\nd1 :i* bumps up betwe5 ! trac$ l9es1 has to be matt$4 ,?is may be done by v>i\s patt]n$ tools call$ matt+ tools4 ,y\r design1 :5 ! matt+ is done1 w /& 9 l[ relief f its gr\nd1 & may be poli%$ z mu* z desir$4 ,al?\gh a pleas+ effect ( s(t relief is obta9$1 ?is is n c>ry+ ! "w v f>1 & w\ld only satisfy amateurs4 ,true rep\ss "w consi/s 9 actually modell+ by ! hamm] & pun*1 & = ?is bo? = delicate & bold relief x is necess>y to rev]se ! metal on ! pit* block4 ,?is is =m$ ( a mixture ( pit* & ,russian tall[ spr9kl$ ) pla/] ( p>is1 :i* =ms a some:at firm b easily ind5table sub/ance :5 w>m$1 & c be held toge!r 9 t9 trays4 ,:ile ! pit* is s(t y mu/ press 9 y\r metal plate ! rev]se side up & !n beat up ! holl[s ( ! design z !y h be5 def9$ by ! trac] on ! face ( ! "w & :i* %[ cle>ly on ! back4 ,! tools us$ = do+ ?is are r\nd$ pun*es ( v>i\s =ms4 ,! hamm]+ is done r p]suasively1 z sudd5 bl[s make sudd5 d5ts1 :i* are n easily smoo!d4 ,p>ts ( ! "w1 aga91 may be hamm]$ on ! surface ov] a lead or pit* block1 or x may be hamm]$ ov] a patt]n c>v$ 9 wood4 ,?is me?od is us$ :5 sev]al =ms recur1 or x is desir$ to repeat ! same patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,black :ite m>ble ,roman mosaic pavem5t4 ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla4 ,f sket* made 9 #ahga4 ,illu/ration3 ,patt]ns ( ,roman mosaic pavem5ts4 ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla4 ,f sket*es made 9 #ahga4 ,ano!r art ( v e>ly association ) ,ar*itecture is mosaic1 :i* may be said to be p]haps ! mo/ p]man5t & mo/ spl5did k9d ( ar*itectural decoration ev] us$4 ,9 ! matt] ( m>ble mosaic ! ,romans1 ?\gh n ! inv5tors ( ! art1 9 _! pavem5ts c>ri$ x to great elaboration1 & work$ x 9 _m =ms1 ! mo/ successful be+1 to my m9d1 ! simpl] =ms ( flat patt]n-"w su* z are se5 9 ! ba?s ( ,c>acalla at ,rome1 :]e :ite m>ble1 or black1 or black or :ite1 is v effectively us$1 & !re are "s admirable scale-patt]n bord]s4 ,^! make m res]v$ & satisfactory decorations = a floor ?an ! %ad$ pictorial battle-pieces & figures ( gladiators su* z are se5 at ! ,borghese ,villa4 ,9 ! ,b>do ,palace ,museum at ,tunis !re is a v f9e collection ( ,roman mosaic pavem5ts4 ,!re has be5 a v ext5sive reviv$ use ( m>ble mosaic = ! cov]+ ( entrance floors & halls 9 our own "t2 b x has be5 r too mu* ( ! second-h& ,roman type1 al?\gh at its be/ x is a good type1 &1 z we "k1 _m orig9al ,roman examples h be5 discov]$1 s t we are n )\t hi/oric models 9 our own c\ntry4 ,m>ble mosaic is usually some:at limit$ 9 col\r b look+ to ! v>iety & beauty ( t9t to be f\nd 9 m>bles !re is p]haps m re/riction ?an ne$ be1 z well z 9 type ( design4 ,i made a design = ! floor ( a bank at ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 :5 ,i 0 9 ! ,/ates1 :i* ,i am afraid might h tri$ ! col\r-res\rces ( ! mosaici/1 s9ce ,i introduc$ a symbolical figure ( ,columbia co9+1 wrapp$ 9 a robe ( />s & /ripes1 :i*1 h[ev]1 w\ld look sob] en\gh :5 translat$ into m>ble tones4 ,illu/ration3 ,,patt]n ,,( ,,roman ,,mosaic ,,pavem5t1 ,,f ,,! ,,ba?s ,,( ,,c>acalla4 ,= real spl5d\r ( col\r we mu/ turn to glass mosaic1 & = magnific5t examples ( its ar*itectural use we _c d bett] ?an look at ! *ur*es ( ,rav5na4 ,my fri5d1 ! late ,j4 ,t4 ,mickle?waite1 speak+ ( mosaic1 once humor\sly rem>k$ t mosaic 9 decoration 0 l be]--( no use unless y _h a lot ( x4 7,t is all v well = ^? :o c imbibe1 & ! dictum %\ld appeal to ,britons47 ,h[ev]1 ! use ( mosaic at ,rav5na & ,/4 ,m>k's %[s :at my fri5d meant4 ,9 ! mausoleum ( ,gallia ,placida1 a small r\nd$ ar*$ & vault$ ,byzant9e build+ ( ! fif? c5tury1 !re are no m\ld+s or c>v+1 or any k9d ( ar*itectural enri*m5t1 to int]f]e ) ! effect ( ! complete l9+ ( mosaic1 *iefly 9 pale tones ( gold & col\r on a deep1 subdu$ b ri* blue gr\nd4 ,! effect is v solemn & spl5did4 ,! actual workman%ip ( ! ,rav5na mosaics w\ld no d\bt be consid]$ r\gh by ! m me*anical mod]n mosaici/ :o does n accept ! cube pr9ciple 9 us+ tess]ae4 ,! head ( ! ,empress ,!odora at ,san ,vitale1 = in/ance1 is v simply done4 ,! tess]ae are few--b s9ce ! effect f ! prop] di/ance is f9e1 !y mu/ be fit ?\gh few4 ,!n ^! mosaics l all ! anci5t ones1 mu/ h be5 work$ f ! surface4 ,?is gives a c]ta9 play ( surface & dep? & ri*ness ( col\r1 ea* tess]ae n hav+ be5 set at precisely ! same angle to ! plane ( ! wall1 or to its neighb\r cube4 ,! mod]n ,v5etian way is to make ! panels p]fectly flat on ! surface1 ! cem5t be+ spread ov] ! tess]ae :5 arrang$ face d[nw>ds4 ,! mod]n ,v5etian workm5 w copy a c>toon prop]ly tess]at$ ) ! utmo/ precision1 z ,i h discov]$1 b 8 panels h n ! surface sp>kle & v>iety ( ! old "w4 ,! me?od ( putt+ 9 ! tess]ae f ! front has h[ev] be5 reviv$ s9ce ,i made my designs4 ,! design by ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones = ! dome ( ! ,new ,am]ican ,*ur* at ,rome 0 work$ 9 ?is way1 & rec5tly a mosaic alt>-piece ( ,! ,la/ ,supp]1 = a *ur* 9 ,philadelphia1 0 execut$ 9 ?is way by ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,holiday1 ! tess]ae be+ ins]t$ 9 a lay] ( putty4 ,9 ,london we h ! great "w ( ,sir ,w4 ,b4 ,ri*mond 9 ! *oir ( ,/4 ,paul's1 :i* 0 all work$ f ! surface--! tess]ae be+ set 9 r$ lead putty :i*1 occasionally all[$ to %[ at ! jo9ts1 gives a c]ta9 w>m? ( tone to ! :ole4 ,:atev] diff]5ce ( op9ion !re may be ab\t ! decoration ( ,/4 ,paul's1 ! designs ( ,sir ,william ,ri*mond are exce$+ly f9e & conceiv$ 9 a noble _s4 ,mr4 ,ann+ ,bell has c>ri$ out a *>m+ design 9 mosaic work$ f ! surface = ! ext]ior ( ! ,horniman ,museum4 ,"o project$ = ! ext]ior ( ! ,:ite*apel ,picture ,gall]y1 f a design ( my own1 has n s f> be5 execut$ = want ( funds4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght1 :5 look+ at ! beautiful arrangem5ts ( t9t 9 ! f9e %+le ( "s ( our sea bea*es1 t ! mat]ials = a v effective k9d ( mosaic1 at small co/1 might be f\nd !re1 & adapt$ = ! ornam5tation ( ! ext]nal walls ( seaside h\ses1 9 friezes1 /r+s1 panels1 or ev5 entire walls4 ,9 ?us reviv+ ! anci5t art ( pebble-mosaic1 a *>m+ local "* might ?us be giv5 to ! build+s ( c]ta9 ( our coa/ places :i* w\ld add v greatly to _! attractions4 ,! ?+1 ( c\rse1 w\ld ne$ "s intellig5ce & ta/e1 )\t :i* inde$ ! mo/ co/ly & beautiful mat]ials 9 ! _w may be wa/$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ *>m+ & simple ways ( decorat+ ext]nal walls is to be f\nd 9 ! patt]ns ind5t$ 9 ! pla/] ( ! surface fill+ ( half-timb]$ h\ses su* z are s pl5tiful 9 ,suffolk & ,essex4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic & anci5t me?od :i* x is gratify+ to note is made use ( by mod]n ar*itects & build]s 9 t di/rict4 ,figures & ornam5t 9 relief are also us$4 ,a mixture ( ,portl& cem5t & lime is a good mat]ial = ?is purpose1 z x does n set too quickly1 b f9ally sets h>d & is durable4 ,delicate pla/] relief-"w = ceil+s & friezes is also a v *>m+ me?od ( int]ior decoration1 & !re are v f9e examples scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry1 ?\gh its orig9al home 01 ,i presume1 9 ,italy1 ^: craftsm5 /ill ma9ta9 _! pre-em95ce 9 ! skill ) :i* !y deal ) ! manipulation ( all k9ds ( pla/]-"w4 ,pla/] & /ucco mu/ h be5 l>gely us$ 9 anci5t ,rome1 & !re are v beautiful1 bo? bold & delicate1 examples 9 ! decorations ( ! fam\s tombs ( ! ,via ,lat9a4 ,9 "o in/ance1 on a wagon vault1 ! figures appe> to h be5 work$ directly 9 ! s(t pla/] & ! relief-"w is us$ ) vigor\s ind5t$ l9es4 ,! effect ( ! "w is wond]fully direct1 simple1 & fre%1 & sugge/s hav+ be5 done ) spe$ & c]ta9ty4 ,raphael1 influ5c$ no d\bt by old ,roman "w1 introduc$ modell$ portions 9 8 pa9t$ designs = ! ,loggia ( ! ,vatican4 ,! usual mod]n me?od is to model ! design 9 clay1 m\ld x 9 gelat9e1 & !n ca/ x 9 fibr\s pla/] panels 7suppos+ x is = relief "w7 & screw !m 9 position1 /opp+ ! jo9ts aft]w>ds4 ,?is1 ?\gh x has _m conv5i5ces1 is n s arti/ic 9 its results z :5 ! design is work$ directly 9 /ucco or gesso 9 its prop] position2 b if we c\ld be sure ( f9d+ ! pla/]]s & craftsman to d x1 we %\ld b r>ely f9d ! opportunity1 or ! cli5t :o w\ld all[ "t = su* "w 9 situ4 ,a middle c\rse is to model y\r design--say1 = a frieze or ceil+--9 gesso or /ucco ( "s k9d on fibr\s pla/] panels2 & ! design may be plann$ s z to cut up into conv5i5t-siz$ panels to "w on an easel 9 ! /udio1 & be fix$ 9 position aft]w>ds4 ,i h work$ panels 9 ?is way us+ pla/] ( p>is1 ?9 glue1 & cotton wool4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be wett$1 or ! suction /opp$ by a coat ( %ellac1 or ! "w is apt to dry too quickly & peel (f4 ,= delicate relief ornam5tation1 say1 9 wall panell+ & furniture1 a k9d ( gesso duro is good4 ,?is is a mixture ( :it5+1 glue1 boil$ l9se$ oil & res94 ,x is mix$ to a creamy consi/5cy1 ! :it5+ be+ fir/ soak$ 9 wat]4 ,! gesso is laid on ) a bru%--long po9t$ sable is be/4 ,! gesso sets sl[ly1 b v h>d1 s t any "p ( ! "w c\ld be scrap$ d[n if necess>y4 ,ano!r effective me?od = ext]nal & int]ior "w 9 decoration is sgraffito1 also ( ,italian orig94 ,x consi/s 9 cutt+ or scrat*+ a design ?r\gh "o or m lay]s ( mix$ lime & cem5t on to col\r$ gr\nds4 ,a gr\nd is laid on ! pla/] ( ! wall1 say1 ( black1 made by mix+ black oxide ( manganese & breeze f a smi?'s =ge ) ! cem5t4 ,:5 ?is is set1 a lay] ( mix$ lime & cem5t is laid ov] ! black1 ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* or m ?ick4 ,:5 ?is lay] has p>tly set1 & is ab\t ! consi/5cy ( *eese1 y cut y\r design out1 its l9es & masses def9$ by ! black gr\nd b5ea? z y cut away ! top lay]4 ,two or ?ree col\rs may be us$ 9 ! same way1 "o be+ laid ov] ! o!r1 & ! effect produc$ by cutt+ d[n to ! diff]5t lay]s z y wi%4 ,i once came to a t[n 9 ,bohemia1 ,pracatic1 a wond]ful old place1 ) a f9e deep ,go?ic gateway1 ) a fresco ( a knight-at-arms ov] x4 ,! walls ( ! pr9cipal h\ses appe> to h be5 entirely decorat$ ) designs 9 sgraffito4 ,! ,ra?aus or t[n hall 0 ! mo/ elaborate & be/ pres]v$1 & 0 cov]$ ) designs f ,bible /ory1 divid$ by pila/]s1 & panell$ 9 scroll ornam5t4 ,sgraffito is /ill ext5sively us$ 9 ,italy & ,g]many1 :]e "o sees mu* m elaborate "w 9 x1 & on a m ext5sive scale ?an any?+ "h1 unless we except ! consid]able & excell5t "w ( ,mr4 ,heywood ,sumn] 9 ?is mat]ial4 ,he1 h[ev]1 has us$ x *iefly = int]ior wall decoration & *ur*es4 ,he g5]ally uses ?ree col\rs1 r$1 gre51 & black1 by :i* 8 l>ge1 simple1 & bold designs are well express$4 ,our climate--m especially t[n climate--is g5]ally unfav\rable to ! effectiv5ess & p]man5ce ( ! "w z ext]ior decoration4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an excell5t object lesson 9 sgraffito ( v>i\s k9ds to be se5 on ! back wall ( ! ,sci5ce ,s*ools at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 ! "w ( ! late ,mr4 ,moody4 ,x seems curi\s t m has n be5 attempt$ 9 ! way ( ext]nal decoration by means ( col\r$ & glaz$ tiles4 ,! col\r 9 ^! is p]man5t en\gh1 & good quality ( col\r c be obta9$4 ,i fancy pleasant effects c\ld be produc$ by fac+ ! front ( h\ses ) col\r$ tiles1 & introduc+ friezes & plaques b5ea? & betwe5 ! w9d[s4 ,! gr\nd /ory ( _m brick h\ses 9 ,london /reets are cem5t$ & pa9t$4 ,:y n try ! effect ( col\r$ tiles in/ead8 ,mr4 ,halsey ,ric>do1 x may be m5tion$1 has us$ ,de ,morgan tile panels mo/ effectively 9 a h\se he design$ 9 ,addison ,road1 ,k5s+ton1 :i* is di/+ui%$ also by a beautiful ro( ( gre5 glaz$ tiles f ,spa94 ,mr4 ,conrad ,dressl] has also design$ ext5sive mural decorations 9 a k9d ( ,luca della ,robbia mann]1 :i* is v effective4 ,= spl5d\r ( effect1 too1 few ?+s c\ld equal designs produc$ 9 lu/re4 ,tiles1 ( c\rse1 h long held an undisput$ position z decorative l9+s = fire-places4 ,a new dome/ic application ( !m is sugge/$ 9 t little gem ( a picture by ,van d] ,me] ( ,delft1 rec5tly add$ to our ,national ,gall]y1 :]e :ite ,dut* tiles ) blue figures are fix$ along ! wall on ! floor l9e1 :]e "o usually sees ! wood5 skirt+4 ,( ! beauty ( ! effect ( rais$ figures treat$ 9 faence col\rs & glazes z an ar*itectural decoration !re is a spl5did example 9 ! frieze ( ar*]s f ! palace wall ( ,d>ius1 n[ at ,p>is1 app>5tly made ( m\ld$ bricks glaz$ ) col\r1 a good reproduction ( :i* 0 to be se5 9 :at 0 =m]ly ! ar*itectural c\rt at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum2 :]e also we c\ld /udy ! bold & beautiful frieze ( ,luca della ,robbia f ! ,osp$ale at ,pi/oia4 ,"o wants to see x 9 ! full ,italian sun%9e & 9 its prop] ar*itectural sett+ fully to appreciate its f9e decorative effect1 & x is to be regrett$ t ^! reproductions ( ar*itectural decorative works are n exhibit$ 9 ! ,museum ) an indication ( _! framework to %[ _! relation to ! build+s ( :i* !y =m "p4#f ,x w\ld be bett] to h few] examples prop]ly display$1 ,i believe1 ?an a multitude cr[d$ toge!r1 ) no means ( judg+ ( !m 9 _! prop] relation to _! surr\nd+s4 ,if ! examples 7 accompani$ by good & cle> draw+s or photographs ( ! entire build+s x w\ld be useful4 ,at ,pi/oia1 also1 !re is a *>m+ por* to ! ca!dral cov]$ ) ,robbia w>e 9 :ite1 yell[1 & blue1 9 association ) black & :ite b&$ m>ble4#g ,su* examples %[ ) :at beautiful decorative effect majolica c be associat$ ) ar*itecture4 ,to ,italy1 aga91 we mu/ look = ! mo/ beautiful illu/rations ( ! unity ( pa9t+ ) ar*itecture1 f ! "w ( ,giotto at ,padua & ,assisi to ! cr[n+ "w ( ! ,r5asc5ce1 ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel by ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! mo/ p]fect example ( mural decoration 9 ,italy ,i h se51 is1 h[ev]1 to be f\nd 9 ! ,app>tim5ti ,borgia 9 ! ,vatican1 pa9t$ by ,p9turri*io1 a v beautiful model ( :i* c be /udi$ 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum 7x 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,italian ,c\rt74 ,"h we h a s*eme ( decoration at once re/ra9$ & ri*1 9 /rict relation to ! con/ruction1 & yet full ( v>iety & beauty ( detail2 & x is int]e/+1 too1 z an example ( ! use ( gild$ gesso us$ bo? = details 9 ! wall pictures1 z well z = arabesque ornam5t1 & bord]+ on ! vault$ ceil+4 ,! l[] wall 0 evid5tly orig9ally int5d$ to be cov]$ ) tape/ry hang+s1 z !re is a m\ld+ ) ! little hooks to hold !m2 & ?is w\ld h complet$ ! effect ( ! :ole 9 a ri* & reposeful way4 ,ano!r v ri* & beautiful in/ance ( ! e>li] ,r5asc5ce mural pa9t+ may be se5 9 ! ,ricc>di ,*apel at ,flor5ce by ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli4 ,"s full-siz$ copies are at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 notably "o ( ,lor5zo de ,m$ici 9 a gild$ dress go+ a-hunt+4 ,! fam\s ,campo ,santo at ,pisa1 & ! frescoes 9 ! t[n hall ( ,si5a are f9e in/ances ( ! days :5 mural pa9t+ 0 a liv+ & popul> art1 frankly appeal+ to ! love ( /ory & romance1 vivid1 dramatic1 & yet sup]bly decorative4 ,sup]ior mod]n critics might scorn su* types ( art z lit]>y1 & _! navet z *ildi%2 b _! /ory-tell+ p[] is an insep>able "p ( _! arti/ic =m1 & nev] ov]/eps x1 j z _! decorative in/9ct is 9 p]fect accord & h>mony ) _! ar*itectural conditions4 ,?is 0 long be=e ! days ( academies & art s*ools1 :5 !re 0 no te*nical art education outside ! work%op1 no competitive exam9ations1 & a man le>nt 8 craft by appr5tice%ip to x1 beg9n+ at ! beg9n+1 "u a ma/] craftsman4 ,i fail to see h[ any art c be :olly taught or le>n$ on g5]al pr9ciples1 s9ce x is ( ! nature ( art to address itself to p>ticul> problems1 ! conditions ( :i* con/antly v>y4 ,c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples h be5 evolv$ out ( collective practice ( m or less value1 no d\bt1 9 a g5]al way1 b !y mu/ always be liable to qualification 9 _! adaptation to p>ticul> cases4 ,no?+ ( ! nature ( art c be =mulat$ z an exact sci5ce1 happily1 or ! limits ( its inv5tion & v>iety w\ld soon be rea*$4 ,art1 h[ev]1 has its sci5tific side1 ?\gh ! sci5ce ( art is n exactly sci5tific or !oretic1 b practical1 & r consi/s 9 recogniz+ p>ticul> necessities ( conditions & mat]ials1 & ! realiz+ t ! frank ackn[l$gm5t ( ! nature ( ^! conditions & mat]ials leads1 9 all ! v>ieties ( design1 9 association ) craftsman%ip & ar*itecture1 to ! highe/ beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,patt]ns 9 pla9 lead+1 f ,,! ,,glazi]',s ,,booke4 ,! peculi> beauty ( a /a9$ glass w9d[1 = in/ance1 is entirely dep5d5t ^u ?is frank ackn[l$gm5t ( conditions4 ,a scre5 ( transp>5t col\r & patt]n1 def9$ & unit$ by leads1 & held 9 position by iron b>s4 ,directly any attempt is made to ov]/ep its natural limits--to make x look l a pa9t$ picture1 to get *i>oscuro & vani%+ po9ts1 or to try to ignore ! lead+ z an ess5tial condition ( its exi/5ce--! *>m & ! joy ( x is lo/4 ,!re is a di/9ct "* & beauty bo? 9 pla9 lead$ glass & r\ndels ?r[+ a pleasant network ( simple geometric l9es ov] ! blankness ( w9d[-panes4 ,h5ry ,%aw1 9 8 ,glazi]'s ,book1#h gives a great v>iety ( delightful lead+ patt]ns4 ,n[1 any design = a col\r$ glass w9d[ %\ld1 9 ! fir/ place1 be a good arrangem5t ( lead-l9es1 ,i ?9k--a good patt]n1 9 %ort1 :e!r figure subject or n--&1 secondly1 a good patt]n consid]$ z an arrangem5t ( col\r or jewell$ light4 ,! arti/ic design] & mak] ( a wr\ght-iron gate1 grille1 or rail+1 :atev] phantasy he might introduce1 w\ld nev] =get ! ess5tial requirem5ts ( a gate1 grille1 or rail+4 ,he w\ld nev] =get ! ar*itectural relation ( 8 "w1 or r he w\ld make ! *ief beauty & inv5tiv5ess ( 8 treatm5t ( wr\ght iron spr+ out ( t relation4 ,! practice ( modell+ 9 clay 7?\gh x may be useful 9 a /ud5t's tra9+7 designs int5d$ to be c>v$ 9 wood1 has1 x seems to me1 be5 mo/ de/ructive ( ! beauty & "* ( true woodc>v+4 ,! same may be said ( /one & m>ble4 ,! ess5tial _s & g ( ! ?+1 ! *>act]i/ic t\* & treatm5t :i* ea* mat]ial 9 :i* ! design] works claims z its own1 & :i* is its own p>ticul> reason = exi/+1 ^! are1 ( c\rse1 lo/ or tam$ out ( recognition :5 a copy is made ( some?+ already exi/+ 9 a mat]ial & produc$ by a me?od totally diff]5t4 ,mu* bett] keep to simple m\ld+s & pla9 pa9t+ ?an br+ 9 ornam5t :i* has no "* or mean+ ( its own4 ,we mu/ n confuse ! m]e spread+ ( ornam5t ) decoration 9 its true s5se1 = ,design 9 all its =ms may be said to be gov]n$ by an ar*itectural in/9ct ( its own1 :i* makes x a h>moni\s "p ( ! build+ ) :i* x is unit$1 & :i* unites x1 & puts x 9 h>mony ) itself4 ,9 ! limits ( a %ort pap] x is impossible to d m ?an deal v lightly ) s va/ a subject z ! ,arts alli$ to ,ar*itecture1 & !re are _m t ,i h n be5 able to t\* at all1 s9ce1 prop]ly consid]$1 all ! arts are1 or %\ld be1 alli$ to ar*itecture1 & ! hi/ory ( ar*itecture cov]s ! hi/ory ( human life itself2 & :at1 let u ask1 w\ld ar*itecture be )\t ! associat$ arts :i* help to express & adorn x & fit ea* "p = ! use & s]vice ( man4 ,footnote #f3 ,?is 0 writt5 be=e ! arrangem5t ( ! collections 9 ! new build+ ( ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum 0 complete4 ,footnote #g3 ,an illu/ration ( ?is por* is giv5 9 my ,bases ( ,design4 ,footnote #h3 ,! full title is ,a ,booke ( ,sundry ,draughtes4 ,pr9cipally s]v+ = ,glasi]s3 ,& n imp]t95t = pla/]]s1 & g>d5]s3 besides sundry o!r pr(essions4 ,london4 ,william ,pick]+ #ahdh4 ,x is almo/ :olly copi$ f an old] "w pr9t$ 9 ,%oolane at ! sign ( ! ,falcon by ,walt] ,dwight #afae4 ,,notes ,,on ,,col\r ,,embroid]y ,,& ,,its ,,treatm5t ,,notes ,,on ,,col\r ,,embroid]y ,,& ,,its ,,treatm5t ,embroid]y z an art ( design may be consid]$ f _m diff]5t po9ts ( view--b none ( ^! are m important ?an ^? ( col\r & its treatm5t4 ,x is inde$ to col\r t decorative ne$lework owes its *ief *>m1 & 9 no direction is ! influ5ce ( controll+ ta/e m ess5tial1 & 9 its abs5ce ! mo/ elaborate workman%ip & te*nical accompli%m5t are apt to be wa/$4 ,! *oice & treatm5t ( col\r mu/ naturally dep5d1 9 ! fir/ place1 ^u ! object & purpose ( ! "w1 :i* w\ld1 ( c\rse1 decide ! scale & motive ( its patt]n4 ,z appli$ to co/ume1 9 :i* direction we f9d "s ( its mo/ delicate & beautiful examples1 ne>ness to ! eye1 ! con/ruction ( ! g>m5t & ! proportions ( figure w\ld h to be consid]$4 ,! ,russian peasants h a =m ( frock or long bl\se worn by "y girls1 :i* af=ds an in/ance ( effective use ( frank & bright col\r ^u a :ite gr\nd4 ,! g>m5t itself is ( homespun l954 ,x has a squ>e op5+ = ! neck1 & is put on ov] ! head1 l a smock frock4 ,! sleeves are q simple1 full on ! upp] arm & n>r[+ to a b& on ! wri/4 ,! skirt1 :i* falls /raight f ! %\ld]s1 is decorat$ ) a s]ies ( horizontal b&s ( patt]n work$ 9 cross-/it*1 ! pr9cipal col\rs be+ r$ & gre51 col\rs :i* always tell well ^u :ite4 ,! squ>e-cut op5+ at ! neck & ! cuffs are emphasiz$ by embroid]$ patt]n ( simil> k9d b on a small] scale4 ,! g>m5t is +5i\sly adapt$ to ! gr[? ( its we>] by add+ extra r+s ( patt]n to ! skirt1 & by enl>g+ a squ>e piece let 9 at ! arm-pits4 ,! ,hung>ian peasant wom5 are mo/ admirable embroid]]s1 & 9 _! fe/al co/umes display an extraord9>y weal? ( brilliant col\r1 employ+1 l ! ,russian1 pr9cipally ! cross-/it* on :ite l954 ,!y are fond ( decorat+ ! ends ( _! pill[-cases :i* are pil$ up "o ^u ! o!r on ! b$1 usually set aga9/ ! wall 9 _! cottages1 s t only ! outside ends %[1 & ^! alone are embroid]$4 ,bo? ! patt]ns1 :i* are traditional & h an ori5tal "*1 & _! col\r %[ a /rong decorative s5se & natural ta/e4 ,_m ( !m be+ work$ 9 a s+le tone ( r$ or blue1 always effective on :ite4 ,9 "s p>ts %ort sleeveless lea!r jackets l9$ ) %eep's wool are worn4 ,^! are made incr$ibly gorge\s 9 col\r by a k9d ( comb9$ appliqu & /it* embroid]y1 ! vivid gre5s1 r$s1 blues1 & purples be+ kept 9 _! place by ! broad :ite ( ! %irt sleeves :i* flank !m on ea* side :5 worn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,russian ,,peasant ,,embroid]y ,,*ild',s ,,bl\se 9 home spun l95 work$ 9 cross-/it* ,r$ patt]n 9 cross /it* ,r$ b& ,neck op5+ ,r$ b& ,r$ patt]n 9 cross /it* ,squ>e enl>g+ piece ,r$ b& h]r+ bone /it*$ ,blue 7/it*$7 ,patt]n 9 ,r$ 7,cross /it*7 ,blue 7/it*$7 ,r$ b& ,r$ b& ,m au/]e arrangem5ts are h[ev] f\nd4 ,!re is a l>ge heavy ov]coat1 ) hang+ sleeves & deep coll>1 worn by ! ,hung>ian f>m]s1 made ( :ite wool4 ,?is is ornam5t$ mo/ judici\sly by appliqu embroid]y 9 black & gre54 ,! *ief po9ts ( decoration be+ ! coll>1 ! cuffs1 & ! hem4 ,9 ! ,mont5egr9 section ( ! ,balkan ,/ates ,exhibition at ,e>l's ,c\rt !re 7 "s *>m+ %irts & bl\ses embroid]$ ) gold ?read & col\r1 9 b&s4 ,! con/ructive po9ts1 su* z ! neck op5+1 ! junction ( ! yoke & sleeves1 sometimes ! sleeves !mselves 7 ri*ly ornam5t$ ) designs 9 gold & col\r ) excell5t effect4 ,good examples ( treatm5t ( ri* col\r 9 comb9ation ) light patt]n are to be f\nd among ,cretan embroid]ies4 ,! decoration 9 b&s ( ! ends ( ! musl9 sc>ves1 reliev$ ) silv] & gold ?read1 (t5 recalls ! effect ( ! illum9at$ bord]s ( f\rte5? & fifte5?-c5tury manuscripts1 hav+ a delightfully gay & sp>kl+ effect4 ,^! ,cretan embroid]ies are examples ( ! h>moni\s effect 9 ! arrangem5t ( a numb] ( diff]5t col\rs 9 ! same patt]n1 gr\p$ ar\nd a c5tral feature :i* =ms ! dom9at+ note2 ?is is g5]ally 9 ! =m ( a l>ge r$ fl[] ) a gold c5tre1 & ?is is surr\nd$ ) small] deta*$ />-l fl[]s1 & =mal cypress trees 9 leaf-%ap$ enclosures ( gold or silv] ?read4 ,! design be+ repeat$1 ) slight v>iations1 to =m a b& or bord] ( patt]n decorat+ ! ends ( ! sc>f4 ,9 a sample be=e me eight col\rs are us$1 besides gold & silv] ?read4 ,! col\rs are3 7#a7 r$1 9 c5tre fl[] 7a light v]milion72 7#b7 crimson 7sometimes1 alas1 mag5ta72 7#c7 p9k 7pale salmon72 7#d7 orange2 7#e7 light 7lemon7 yell[ 7( gre5i% tone72 7#f7 olive 7d>k72 7#g7 pale blue1 & 7#h7 d>k blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cretan ,,embroid]y4 ,silk on ,musl91 height5$ ) gold & silv] ?read4 ,col\rs3 #a4 ,orange #b4 ,crimson #c4 ,r$ #d4 ,p9k #e4 ,olive #f4 ,yell[ 7gre57 #g4 ,light blue #h4 ,d>k blue #i4 ,gold #aj4 ,silv] ,z e embroid]ess kn[s1 col\r 9 embroid]y is v mu* influ5c$ by texture4 ,! col\r ( a ske9 ( silk look+ diff]5t f ! same col\r :5 work$4 ,juxtaposition ) o!r col\rs1 aga91 alt]s ! effect ( a col\r4 ,z a g5]al pr9ciple1 especially :]e _m col\rs are employ$1 we are m likely to secure h>mony if we *oose r$s1 = in/ance1 incl9+ to orange1 blues incl9+ to gre51 yell[s incl9+ to gre5 or br[n1 blacks ( a gre5i% or olive tone4 ,p]fectly frank & pure col\rs1 h[ev]1 may be h>moniz$1 especially ) ! use ( gold1 ?\gh !y are m difficult to deal )--unless "o c comm& ! natural1 primitive in/9ct ( ! ,hung>ian1 ! ,greek1 or ! ,p]sian peasant4 ,= bold decorative "w few k9ds ( embroid]y design are m delightful ?an ! bord]$ clo?s & cov]s f ,bokh>a4 ,"h1 aga91 ! col\rs are *iefly r$ & gre5 9 diff]5t %ades1 ! r$s conc5trat$ 9 ! =m ( big fl[]s 9 ! int]vals ( an op5 arabesque ( ?9 /ems & curv$ & po9t$ leaves 9 gre51 ! :ole design ^u a :ite l95 gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bokh>a ,,embroid]y4 ,silk on l951 *iefly 9 *a9 /it*4 ,! l>ge fl[]s are work$ 9 two %ades ( ri* r$ incl9+ to crimson ) yell[ c5tres reliev$ by d>k blue4 ,! blue yell[ r$ are repeat$ 9 ! small] fl[]s4 ,! leaves are bluei% gre5 ) a r$ l9e d[n c5tre4 ,!y are outl9$ ) bronze br[n :i* ,i also us$ = ! /ems spirals4 ,inn] bord]1 betwe5 r$ l9es4 ,! /> fl[]s are alt]nately blue r$ ) yell[ c5tres ) bronze leaves4 ,! out] bord]1 also betwe5 r$ l9es4 ,! fl[]s are r$ ) blue yell[ c5tres alt]nately1 gre5 bronze leaves4 ,su* joyful1 frank1 & bold col\r1 h[ev]1 w\ld be usually consid]$ too bright = ! ord9>y ,engli% int]ior1 & "u our gray skies2 & col\r1 aft] all1 is s mu* a "q ( climate1 & ?\gh = its full spl5d\r we turn to ! s\? & ea/1 we ne$ n want = models ( beautiful1 if quiet]1 h>monies 9 ! natural t9ts ( our native c\ntry at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,!re are abundant sugge/ions to be _h f field & h$g][ at all times--arrangem5ts 9 russet1 or gold1 or gre54 ,:at c be m beautiful z a col\r motive ?an ! frail p9k or :ite ( ! blossoms ( ! bri> rose1 />r+ ! gre5 arabesque ( ?orny /em & leaf2 or its sc>let hip & bronze gre5 leaf 9 ! autumn2 or ! crisp1 :ite patt]n ( ! field daisy on ! pale gre5 ( ! hay field1 reliev$ by ! yell[ c5tres & by ! r$ ( sorrel2 or ! brave sc>let ( ! poppy betwe5 ! ?9 gold ?reads ( ! ripe corn4 ,!n1 too1 !re are beautiful s*emes ( col\r to be f\nd 9 ! plumage ( our birds4 ,take ! col\rs ( a jay1 = in/ance--a mass ( fawn-col\r$ gray ) a p9ki% t+e1 reliev$ ) t\*es ( int5se black & :ite & small b>s ( turquoise blue & :ite4 ,a *>m+ s*eme = an embroid]$ patt]n might be made ( su* an arrangem5t1 if ! col\rs 7 us$ 9 simil> proportions to ^? ( nature--say 9 a co/ume4 ,! ma9spr+ ( col\r sugge/ion1 z ( design1 9 embroid]y1 h[ev]1 mu/ be f\nd 9 ,nature's own embroid]y--fl[]s1 & ! g>d5 mu/ always be an unfail+ s\rce ( fre% sugge/ion = floral design bo? 9 col\r & =m4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 ev]y?+ 9 ! process ( adaptation to arti/ic purposes is "u ! necessity ( translation or trans=mation1 & any =m or t9t 9 nature mu/ be re-/at$ 9 ! t]ms prop] to ! art or craft "u its own conditions & limitations z be+ ess5tial to ! "* & beauty ( ! result1 sugge/ion1 r ?an imitation ( nature1 be+ ! pr9ciple to foll[4 ,b :ile we mu/ g to nature = fre% inspiration 9 col\r inv5tion or comb9ation1 we h a guide 9 ! traditions & examples ( ! craft & ! *oice ( /it*es to influ5ce our treatm5t4 ,! col\r pr9ciples1 too1 we may f9d 9 alli$ arts may help u4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,an ,,embroid]$ ,,hang+ ,%[+ ! use ( %ields ( arms z contra/+ elem5ts 9 col\r patt]n ,,col\rs3 oak leaves - sage gre54 /one acorns - gold5 br[n on pale gre5 or unblea*$ l95 gr\nd4 ,h]aldic col\rs z not$ on sket* ,,orig9al ,,design ,,by ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,h]aldry1 = in/ance1 :ile %ields ( arms1 cre/s1 & mottoes1 are 9 !mselves excell5t mat]ial = embroid]y1 z units ( embroid]$ patt]n4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! disposition & c\nt]*>ge ( col\r 9 h]aldry1 & ! me?ods ( its display & treatm5t 9 =m z exemplifi$ 9 ! h]aldic design ( ! be/ p]iods--say1 f ! twelf? to ! fifte5? c5tury--w be f\nd full ( useful lessons4 ,a repeat+ patt]n ( leaves or fl[]s 9 a hang+ is pleasantly enri*$ & v>i$ by ! introduction ( h]aldic badges or %ields at int]vals1 ! emphatic conc5trat$ col\r & acc5t ( ! h]aldry contra/+ ) ! less =mal1 op51 b ev5ly disp]s$ design ) its recurr+ units & c\nt]balanc+ curves :i* =m ! ma9 field ( ! hang+4 ,int]e/+ h]aldic devices = su* purposes may be f\nd 9 e locality1 ei!r ( family1 civic1 or g5]al hi/oric int]e/1 our village *ur*es be+ g5]ally valuable treasuries f ?is po9t ( view4 ,:]e x is desir$ to re/rict col\r 9 embroid]y to two or ?ree t9ts1 & re/rict$ col\r is g5]ally suitable to simple decorative purposes ) correspond+ simplicity ( design1 x is safe to foll[ ! pr9ciple ( complem5t>y col\rs 9 nature4 ,r$ & gre51 blue & orange1 br[n & yell[1 & s on1 b1 ( c\rse1 ?is w\ld leave an imm5se range ( *oice ( actual t9t ( any "o col\r op54 ,y\r r$1 = in/ance1 might be salmon p9k or deep crimson1 y\r gre5 t ( ! fir/ lime %oots 9 spr+ to ! metallic bronze ( ! holly leaf2 y\r blue might be t ( l>kspur or ! turquoise ( ! pale/ =get-me-n1 :ile y\r orange might be t ( ! ripe fruit or ! t9t ( fad$ bee*-leaf4 ,ta/eful "w1 h[ev]1 may be done 9 two or ?ree %ades ( ! same col\r4 ,! *oice ( t9t = ! embroid]y mu/ dep5d l>gely ^u ! t9t & mat]ial ( ! gr\nd1 & also ^u ! mat]ial 9 :i* ! "w itself is to be c>ri$ out--silk1 cotton ?read1 or crewels4 ,:e!r1 h[ev]1 = designs :i* entirely cov] ! gr\nd1 or = ! lighte/ op5 floral patt]n1 l95 seems ! mat]ial on :i* ! be/ results are produc$4 ,,notes ,,on ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,gesso ,,"w ,,notes ,,on ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,gesso ,,"w ,! *>m+ v>ieties ( decoration 9 relief by means ( modell$ gesso & /ucco :i* atta9$ to su* ri*ness & beauty 9 ! h&s ( ,italian arti/s 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 are traceable to v e>ly orig9s1 & come d[n f ,graeco-,roman & ,roman times1 & probably _h a /ill e>li] exi/5ce 9 ! ,ea/1 s9ce decoration 9 rais$ gesso 0 long practis$ by ! ,p]sians & ! ,arabs1 & pla/]-"w goes back to ! anci5t ,egyptians1 :o also us$ gesso gr\nds = ! pa9t+ & gild+ ( _! mummy cases4 ,exi/+ examples ( ,roman & ,pompeian relief "w belong mo/ly to ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c41 & are ( ! nature ( ar*itectural enri*m5ts1 be+ *iefly mural & ceil+ decorations1 work$ 9 pla/] & /ucco1 9 situ4 ,_m ( ^! are v delicate & %[ ! influ5ce ( ,greek feel+ 9 design & treatm5t1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ^? f ! ceil+s ( ! tombs on ! ,via ,lat9a at ,rome1 :i* 9 _! simple panell$ treatm5t1 enclos+ gr\ps ( f9ely modell$ figures seem to be ! =]unn]s ( ! ri* & delicate gesso relief "w1 /amp$1 or modell$ ) ! bru%1 :i* ! ,italians us$ ) su* tact 9 ! decoration ( caskets1 m>riage c(f]s1 & o!r furniture 9 ! e>ly r5asc5ce p]iod4 ,mr4 ,mill> 9 8 compreh5sive "w on ,pla/]+ speaks ( a v f9e example ( gesso "w z exi/+ 9 ! old ca!dral *ur* at ,coire1 a box :i* is said to be z old z ! n9? c5tury4 ,x is entirely cov]$ ) gesso1 on :i* a design 9 relief has be5 r\ghly scroll$4 ,! gesso has be5 poli%$ s z to give ! appe>ance ( ivory1 & he fur!r says1 at ! corn]s1 :]e x has got *ipp$ (f1 ! ends ( ! l95 c be se5 :i* has evid5tly be5 put next ! wood1 z ,c5n9o ,c5n9i advises4 ,c5n9o1 inde$1 9 8 v int]e/+ ,trattato 7:i* 0 translat$ by ,mrs4 ,m]rifield 9 #ahdd1 = ! fir/ "t into ,engli%1 & rec5tly1 m accurately & completely1 by ,mrs4 ,h]r+ham7 gives v full & ample acc\nts ( ! me?ods 9 use 9 8 "t 9 pa9t+ & ! alli$ arts1 & gives recipes1 also1 bo? = mak+ & work+ gesso4 ,he lays great /ress on ! c>e necess>y 9 prep>+ gr\nds on wood bo? = pa9t+ & rais$ "w1 & 9 advocat+ ! use ( l95 clo?1 old1 f9e1 & :ite1 & free f all grease1 writes take y\r be/ size1 cut or te> l>ge or small /rips ( ?is l951 soak ^! 9 ! size1 & spread !m ) y\r h&s ov] ! surface ( ! panel2 remove ! seams1 & spread ! /rips out ) ! palms ( ! h&s1 & leave !m to dry = two days4 ,he fur!r enjo9$ "o to rememb] x is be/ to use size :5 ! wea!r is dry & w9dy4 ,size is /rong] 9 ! w9t] ?an 9 summ]1 & 9 w9t] gild+ mu/ be done 9 damp & ra9y wea!r4 ,!n--,*apt] #aae--;he proce$s to describe ! process ( lay+ on ! gr\nd ( gesso ov] ! l954 ,8 gesso grosso us$ = ! gr\nd1 is burnt gypsum or :at we "k z pla/] ( p>is4 ,! same1 well-slak$1 he uses = f9] gr\nds1 & also = work+ 9 relief ^u su* gr\nds4 ,9 ,*apt] #aaf ,c5n9o describes h[ to prep>e gesso sottile 7slak$ pla/] ( p>is74 ,! pla/]1 he says1 mu/ be well purifi$1 & kept moi/ 9 a l>ge tub = at lea/ a mon?2 r5ew ! wat] e day until x 7! pla/]7 almo/ rots1 & is completely slak$1 & all fi]y heat goes out ( x1 & x becomes z s(t z silk4 ,?is gesso is aft]w>ds dri$ 9 cakes & ,c5n9o speaks ( x 9 ?is =m z sold by ! druggi/s to our pa9t]s1 & t x is us$ = gr\nd+1 = gild+1 = work+ 9 relief1 & o!r f9e works4 ,^! cakes 7 scrap$ or soak$ & gr\nd to p[d] & mix$ ) size = us+ z gr\nds & = relief "w1 z occasion requir$ 7,*apt]s #aag1 #aai74 ,9 speak+ fur!r on 7,*apt] #abd7 ( h[ works 9 relief are execut$ on panels ) gesso sottile1 he says1 take a little ( ! gesso on ! po9t ( ! bru% 7! bru% mu/ be ( m9ev]1 & ! hairs f9e & r long71 & ) t quickly raise :atev] figures y wi% to make 9 relief2 & if y raise any foliage1 draw ! design previ\sly1 l ! figures1 & be c>eful n to relieve too _m ?+s1 or confus$ly1 = ! cle>] y make y\r foliage ornam5ts1 ! bett] y w be able to display ! +ra9+ ) /amps & !y c be bett] burni%$ ) ! /one4 ,he describes 7,*apt] #abe7 also me?ods ( ca/+ relief "w1 to adorn "s p>ts ( ! picture :i* %[s he is ?9k+ ( gesso enri*m5ts 9 pa9t+1 s mu* us$ by ! e>ly pa9t]s4 ,c5n9o is said to h be5 liv+ 9 ,padua 9 ! ye> #acih4 ,8 treatise %[s ! c>e & pati5ce necess>y to good workman%ip 9 ! v>i\s arts & crafts he describes1 & ?r[s mu* light ^u ! me?ods ( ! arti/ craftsman ( 8 "t1 & is ( p>ticul> value & int]e/ z t\*+ ! subjects ( temp]a pa9t+1 gild+1 &1 incid5tally1 ( gesso-relief decoration1 to ! ornam5tal effect ( :i* bo? ! =m] are important contributors4 ,n[ !re are sev]al di/9ct v>ieties ( gesso "w4 ,fir/ly we h gesso relief us$ to adorn & enri* pa9t$ panels1 or z an adjunct to decorative pa9t+4 ,( ?is !re are _m in/ances3 a notable "o may be cit$ 9 ! frescoes ( ,p9turri*io 9 ! ,app>tam5ti ,borgia 9 ! ,vatican at ,rome :]e ! pa9t+s are height5$ by gild$ p>ts 9 relief1 su* z weapons & ornam5ts1 embroid]y or robes1 & ev5 ar*itectural m\ld+s4 ,! late ,mr4 ,sp5c] ,/anhope reviv$ ?is union ( gild$ gesso ) decorative pa9t+1 z 9 8 "w 9 ! *apel at ,m>lbor\gh ,college4 ,o!r examples may be f\nd 9 our ,national ,gall]y4 ,! sup]b collection ( ,italian gesso "w 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 unrivall$ any:]e1 f :i*1 by ! c\rtesy ( ! late ,mr4 ,sk9n]1 :o 0 ,sir ,c4 ,purdon ,cl>ke's successor 9 ! director%ip1#i ,i am enabl$ to give my illu/rations1 may be ref]r$ to z furni%+ examples ( e v>iety ( treatm5t 9 ! craft1 z well z ( ! ta/e & inv5tion & ri*ness ( e>ly ,italian decorative design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>riage ,,c(f]1 ,,no4 #ehjd--ahei 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum74 ,z an adjunct to pa9t+ gild$ gesso 0 frequ5tly us$ burni%$ & enri*$ ) /amp$ or punctur$ patt]ns 7gran>e71 (t5 9 ! =m ( nimbi ar\nd ! heads ( sa9ts & angels 9 devotional works1 & 9 backgr\nds4 ,c5n9o 7,*apt] #adb7 speaks ( ?is me?od & gives directions 9 x4 ,! ,m>riage ,c(f] f ! ,museum1 ,no4 #ehjd--ahei1 illu/rates ?is treatm5t & is a good example ( its highly decorative effect4 ,! front panel %[s a v ri* & int]e/+ design ( figures 9 fifte5? c5tury ,flor5t9e co/ume1 height5$ ) gild$ p>ts 9 gesso hav+ small punctur$ patt]ns ^u x1 :i* give sp>kle & v>iety to ! gold4 ,?is me?od seems to h be5 cont9u$ = sev]al c5turies 9 ,flor5ce4 ,i h an alms-di% ( e>ly sev5te5? c5tury date1 ! c5tre ( :i* is treat$ 9 ?is way ) punctur$ or holl[ p9-head patt]ns impress$ ^u a gild$ gesso gr\nd4 ,?is me?od1 x may be not$1 has lately be5 reviv$ by ,mrs4 ,adrian ,/okes 9 association ) temp]a pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,cassone1 ,,no4 #cag--ahid 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum74 ,/amp$ "w1 aga91 m5tion$ by ,c5n9o1 is ano!r di/9ct me?od 9 gesso decoration4 ,( ?is a v beautiful example is ! e>ly f\rte5?-c5tury ,italian cassone 7,no4 #cag--ahid74 ,?is cassone is decorat$ ) figures ( knights & ladies on horseback1 9 hawk+ & hunt+ array1 ea* figure be+ silh\ett$ 9 cle> pr(ile 9 a sep>ate squ>e panel1 9 :ite1 ^u a black or a r$ gr\nd1 alt]nately4 ,^! spaces or panels are divid$ horizontally by b&s ( runn+ ornam5t 9 relief1 &1 v]tically by b&s ( ?9 wr\ght iron foliat$ at ! edges :i* =m protect+ & /r5g!n+ b&s = ! *e/4 ,! /amps f :i* ^! figures 7 produc$ mu/ h be5 mo/ delicately cut4 ,!y are full ( f9e detail & *>m+ 9 design4 ,x is n q cle> h[ !y c\ld h be5 s cleanly /amp$ ^u ! gr\nd1 unless p]haps1 ! edges & outl9es 7 c>efully gone r\nd & cle>$ aft]w>ds1 or ! pa/e 9 :i* !y 7 /amp$1 p]haps be+ sl[ 9 sett+ & m or less ela/ic1 might h all[$ ( _! be+ /amp$ cleanly out ( ! mat]ial sep>ately & appli$ to ! gesso gr\nd or ! *e/ aft]w>ds4#aj ,9 design ^! figures 7on ! cassone illu/rat$7 are *>act]iz$ by a c]ta9 graceful sev]ity1 almo/ ,greek-l 9 its ornam5tal re/ra9t1 yet 9 ! delicate inv5tion & ri*ness ( ! decorative details ( ! co/umes & h\s+s ( ! horses !y are ori5tal 9 treatm5t4 ,x has (t5 be5 said t human figures _c be repeat$ ) satisfactory decorative effect1 b ?is cassone is surely a /rik+ in/ance to ! contr>y1 z ! recurr+ effect ( ^! delicately silh\ett$ & slightly =maliz$ figures & horses is extremely ref9$ & beautiful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ield ,,9 ,,gild$ ,,gesso1 ,,no4 #c--ahfe 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum74 ,we might be able to discov] examples ( gesso decoration 9 :i* /amp$ "w or m\ld$ "w 0 us$ = repeat+ p>ts1 & freeh& "w = o!r p>ts4 ,9 ! ,museum examples ! majority seem to h be5 work$ directly ) a free h&4 ,!re is a f9e example ( h[ gesso l5ds itself to a bold h]aldic treatm5t 9 ! ,museum collection 7,no4 #c--ahfe71 a t\rnam5t %ield on :i* a griff91 sable1 is emblazon$ on a field1 or4 ,! sable griff9 9 bold relief is n only a f9e h]aldic bea/1 b is decoratively spac$ & reliev$ ^u ! gold field1 ! ri*ness ( :i* is greatly enhanc$ by ! f9e rais$ diap] patt]n work$ all ov] x 9 effective ornam5tal contra/ to ! bold] relief & treatm5t ( ! *>ge4 ,x is possible /amps may h be5 us$ = ! diap] ( ! field4 ,! "w belongs to ! second half ( ! fifte5? c5tury & is f ! ,palazzo ,guadagni1 ,flor5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,( ,,cassone ,,9 ,,gild$ ,,gesso1 ,,no4 #gbg--ahhd 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum7 ,"o ( ! *>ms ( gesso "w 9 ornam5tal effect is ! s(t5$1 float$1 or half melt$ look giv5 to ! =ms :i* take ! lu/re ( gild+ s agreeably4 ,?is "* no d\bt is giv5 by ! use ( ! bru% 9 float+ or dropp+ on ! =ms ( ! ornam5t4 ,9 ,no4 #gbg--ahhd ( ! ,museum collection a p>ticul>ly ri* & dignifi$ ornam5tal effect is produc$ by ! contra/+ alli$ elem5ts ( ! figure reliefs 9 ! l>ge loz5ge-%ap$ enclosures1 ) ! ri* gild$ =mal diap] ( ! h]aldic sph9x1 or human-head$ lion1 :i*1 9 close repetition1 =ms ! diap] on ! ma9 field ( ! decoration4 ,! rais$ "w 9 ?is example has ! s(t5$ molt5 or beat5 "* above spok5 (4 ,! m>riage c(f] 7,no4 #gah--ahhd7 is an in/ance ( purely ornam5tal treatm5t 9 rais$ & gild$ gesso on wood1 consi/+ ma9ly ( foliat$ scroll =ms *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly ,italian ,r5asc5ce "w1 & "h aga9 ! rais$ patt]ns h ! s(t ri* look1 z if ! ornam5t _h be5 squeez$ or float$ ^u ! surface ( ! wood1 some:at 9 ! way 9 :i* confection]s squeeze sug> ornam5ts ^u cakes4 ,sug>1 by ! way 0 an occasional +r$i5t 9 ! prep>ation ( gesso1 z ,c5n9o m5tions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>riage ,,c(f]1 ,,no4 #gah--ahhd 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum74 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>riage ,,c(f]1 ,,no4 #bdg--ahid 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum74 ,no4 #bdg--ahid1 is a m>riage c(f] ( walnut :i* has a symmetrically & =mally plann$ s*eme ( rais$ decoration 9 gesso ^u its front :i* sugge/s an e>li] ornam5tal orig9 ?an ! actual date ( its production1 p]haps1 giv5 z ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 z x resembles 9 "* ! textile patt]ns ( ! ?irte5? c5tury or e>li]4 ,! treatm5t ( ! gesso relief "w is peculi>1 & x appe>s z if an extremely s(t5$1 ev5 & almo/ flatt5$ effect _h be5 aim$ at1 )\t any special emphasis on p>ticul> p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>riage ,,c(f]1 ,,no4 #eh--ahfg 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum74 ,! ri* encru/$ effect ( ano!r treatm5t ( gesso decoration *>act]i/ic ( lat] fifte5? c5tury "w is %[n 9 ! beautiful c(f]1 ,no4 #eh--ahfg1 ! pa9t$ %ields ( arms be+ 9 ornam5tal contra/4 ,"h we h an in/ance ( ! use ( pa9t+ to relieve gesso decoration1 z di/9ct f ! use ( gesso "w to enri* ! effect 9 pa9t+4 ,gesso decoration 0 also f9ely & freely us$ = small caskets & o!r objects & ) delightful results1 z ! ri* ,museum collection aga9 demon/rates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c(f]1 ,,no4 #i--ahij 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum74 ,! c(fret1 ,no4 #i--ahij1 is an int]e/+ in/ance ( ?is adaptability ( gesso & ! extraord9>y v>iety & ri*ness ( effect obta9able2 almo/ emulat+ c>v$ "w 9 ! bold] p>ts ( its relief1 & yet ) a s(tness & ri*ness ( its own4 ,! designs are s+ul>ly int]e/+ & spirit$1 & ! :ole "w fully des]ves ! encomium sugge/$ by its motto 79 ,lomb>dic lett]s on ! lid7 ,one/a e bella4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gesso ,,box1 ,,no4 #egeg--ahei 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum74 ,9 ,no4 #egeg--ahei we h ano!r good example ( gesso decoration on a small scale1 & its ri* ornate effect 9 a well-balanc$ di/ribution ( ornam5t adapt$ to a circul> =m1 %[+ ! f9e s5se ( scale & quantity 9 ornam5t :i* di/+ui%es ,italian "w ( ?is p]iod--! fir/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,( ,a ,,c(f]1 ,,no4 #ghcj--ahfa 7,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum74 ,f9ally1 9 my la/ example 7,no4 #ghcj--ahfa71 ! panel ( a c(f] belong+ to ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 we see ano!r use & treatm5t ( gesso--to s(t5 & enri* ! effect ( woodc>v+ & to make a good surface = gild+4 ,! figures "h are c>v$ 9 bold relief & ov]laid ) a coat+ ( gesso4 ,all c>v$ "w to be gild$ 0 treat$ 9 ?is way ) gesso1 :i* greatly s(t5s ! effect1 giv+ a smoo? surface = ! gild+ & increases its ri*ness1 especially :5 done ov] ,arm5ian bole1 :i* we may see 0 us$ "u ! gild+ ( ^! rais$ gesso ornam5ts g5]ally--ano!r me?od :i* is be+ reviv$ ) ! g5]al revival ( ! =gott5 arts ( design & h&icraft 9 our own "t4 ,,note4--,) ref]5ce to ! e>ly use ( gesso1 ! extremely int]e/+ & rem>kable rec5t discov]ies ( ,pr(4 ,fl9d]s ,petrie 9 ,egypt 9 ! %ape ( mummies ( ! ,roman p]iod ( ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d41 9 addition to ! light !y ?r[ on antique portrait pa9t+1 %[ t gild$ gesso enri*m5t ov] l95 0 freely us$ at t p]iod1 "s ( ! masks be+ m\ld$1 & ! ornam5t app>5tly /amp$1 ! toes ( ea* mummy be+ modell$ & gild$ & burni%$1 & ! wrapp+s reliev$ ) gild$ buttons ( gesso4 ,footnote #i3 ,be=e ! appo9tm5t ( ,sir ,cecil ,smi?4 ,footnote #aj3 ,c5n9o describes a me?od ( cutt+ /amps 9 /one 7,*apt] #agj7 to be us$ z m\lds = figures to be appli$ to ! decoration ( *e/s or c(f]s1 b he speaks ( beat+ t9 into ^! m\lds & =m+ ! figures 9 ?is way1 aft]w>ds back+ !m or fill+ !m 9 ) gesso grosso1 cutt+ !m out & /ick+ !m on ! *e/ ) glue1 gild+ !m & add+ col\r & v>ni%4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,animals ,,9 ,,art ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,animals ,,9 ,,art ,look+ back ov] ! va/ field ( hi/oric art x is obvi\s t ! repres5tation ( animals has occupi$ a v important position--ev5 ! prehi/oric cave-m5 display _! arti/ic in/9ct 9 animal draughtsman%ip1 & 9 t alone1 & _! naturali/ic scrat*$ & incis$ outl9es h set d[n = u 9 un]r+ *>act]ization1 ! =ms ( ! ma/odon1 re9de]1 & o!r animals ( ! primitive hunt]4 ,judg+ f ^! relics x w\ld seem z if naturali/ic sket*+ prec$$ sy/ematic ornam5tal or decorative treatm5t ( animals 9 design su* z di/+ui%es ! art ( ! anci5t civilizations ( ! ,ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,egyptian treatm5t ( birds4 f hi]oglyphics ( ! #ah? ,dyna/y4 ,tombs ( ! k+s4 ,!bes4 ,long be=e su* sy/ematization z we f9d 9 anci5t ,egyptian art1 no d\bt ! p[] ( depict+ animals became important 9 ! tribal /ate1 :5 x 0 necess>y = ea* tribe to h _! di/+ui%+ totem1 & to be able to e/abli% _! id5tity or respectability by unmi/akable portraits1 if n ( _! ance/ors1 at lea/ ( _! protect+ animal deities & symbolic prog5itors4 ,nature wor%ip1 :i* became elaborat$ 9 a symbolic religi\s sy/em "u ! anci5t ,egyptians1 "u ! conditions ( mural & glyptic art l$ to t sev]e & dignifi$ =malism comb9$ ) ess5tial *>act]ization 9 ! treatm5t ( birds & animals :i* has nev] be5 surpass$ & :i* h giv5 spl5did types = ! mural pa9t] & sculptor = all "t4 ,heavi] & m =mal & ar*itectural 9 _! sculptural treatm5t ( symbolic animals1 su* z ! w+$ bulls :i* =m ess5tial ar*itectural features1 ! ,assyrians1 :5 !y came to ! treatm5t ( actual sc5es ( life 7su* z ! lion-hunts ( _! k+s1 c>v$ 9 l[ relief on ! walls ( _! palaces17 %[$ a fre] & m naturali/ic feel+ :i* breaks ?r\gh a prevail+ =malism & conv5tion sometimes ) almo/ />tl+ p[]1 z 9 ! celebrat$ w\nd$ lioness ( ! ,n9eveh slabs 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,lion f ,assyrian ,bas-relief4 ,illu/ration3 ,p]sian ,lion f ! frieze at ,susa 7,p]rot *ipiez7 ,illu/ration3 ,lion f a ,!ban bas-relief4 7,p]rot *ipiez7 ,!re is a consid]able resemblance 9 treatm5t betwe5 ! ,assyrian lion 9 sculpture & ! lion ( anci5t ,p]sia z he appe>s at ! palace ( ,susa1 ?\gh1 height5$ ) enamel1 ! latt] acquires a c]ta9 decorative & di/9ctive f]ocity4 ,a lion f a ,!ban bas-relief %[s ! simpl] & m ab/ract treatm5t ( ,egyptian art4 ,?is ,p]so-,assyrian type ( lion might almo/ be call$ a c5tral ,asian type1 & is curi\sly p]petuat$ 9 ! well-kn[n support]s ( ! pill> ov] ! gate ( ,myc54 ,9 fact ! lat] ,greek lion %[s m>k$ traces ( 8 desc5t f 8 ,asian prototypes4 ,! influ5ce ( ! same decorative =malism1 m especially ( ! mane & hirsute app5dages1 is inde$ traceable ?r\gh ,byzant9e times1 f ! bronze lion ( ,/4 ,m>k to ! h]aldic lions ( ! middle ages4 ,! same influ5ce is se5 aga9 9 ! rem>kable gr\p ( lions =m+ ! capital ( a column discov]$ at ,s>na? ne> ,b5>es 9 ,india1 associat$ ) _m o!r sculptures ( ,graeco-,buddhi/ orig94 ,illu/ration3 ,grco-,buddhi/ ,gr\p ( ,lions c>v$ 9 m>ble =m+ summit ( a column excavat$ at ,s>na? nr4 ,b5>es ,= p]fect monum5tal treatm5t ( horses1 :5 tru?ful action & vitality are p]fectly unit$ ) l9e> rhy?m & decorative effect1 we mu/ /ill turn to ! pan-a!naic frieze--despite ! op9ion ( ! ,york%ire horse-deal] :o pron\nc$ !m only damn$ gall[ays1 n wor? t5 p\nds apiece6 ,!y rema9 full ( life & movem5t & z examples ( mo/ delicate relief sculpture gov]n$ by ornam5tal feel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,animal =ms f e>ly ,greek pott]y ,i %\ld j l to m5tion1 :ile speak+ ( ,greek art1 ! practice ( ! e>ly vase pa9t]1 :o1 frequ5tly us+ animals z 8 ma9 decorative motive1 _h a sy/em by :i* he 0 able to h>monize _m diff]5t k9ds 91 say1 a runn+ bord]1 or succession ( bord]s4 ,?is 0 done p>tly ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! bru% & p>tly by ! recognition ( typical resemblances ev5 9 app>5tly div]se =ms4 ,! basis ( unity 0 ! oval or ovoid %ape ( ! bodies ( all animals & birds4 ,! vase pa9t] ) 8 ornam5tal purpose 9 view exagg]at$ ?is resemblance1 gov]n+ 8 individual %apes by a sort ( invisible volute-l curves1 he ga9$ a rhy?mic decorative effect )\t loss ( id5tity 9 8 =ms4 ,) ! developm5t ( h]aldry 9 m$iaeval times we come ^u a _w ( spirit$ & vividly decorative design 9 :i* ! =ms ( animals play a v important "p4 ,a v in/ructive /udy might be made ( ! m$iaeval h]aldic lion alone4 ,! h]aldic design] _h to be emphatic 9 8 =ms1 & di/9ct ?\gh simple 9 *>act]ization4 ,z ) ! ,greek vase pa9t]1 pr(ile be/ s]v$ 8 purpose1 & effective silh\ette became all important4 ,:5 ! lion is passant reg>dant 9 m$iaeval h]aldry ! full face has a curi\sly human "*1 z 9 ! arms ( ,pr9ce ,john at ,el?am :i* ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,eve gives 9 8 ,h]aldry z ,art4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,lion 9 ,engli% h]aldry4 ,arms ( ,pr9ce ,john ( ,el?am1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,among ! f9e/ examples ( ! treatm5t ( animals 9 decorative art ( an h]aldic & symbolic "* are ! designs ( ! twelf? & ?irte5?-c5tury textiles1 9 ! celebrat$ ,sicilian silks1 or ^? ( ,lucca ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ^! fabrics ! animal =ms are us$ ) ! greate/ ornam5tal effect1 ! conditions ( ! repeat ( ! patt]n & ! exig5ces ( ! loom be+ ess5tial1 &1 frankly ackn[l$g$1 contribute to ! "* & beauty ( ! result4 ,x has always be5 ! frank & workmanlike acceptance ( ! necess>y conditions ( ! mat]ials & me?ods ( production1 :i*1 :ile def9+ ! "* ( ! treatm5t1 gives bo? "* & beauty to decorative art1 & we f9d ?is especially true 9 reg>d to ! treatm5t ( animal =ms 9 all k9ds ( design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sicilian ,,silk1 ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury 7,,fi%ba*74 ,illu/ration3 ,,sicilian ,,silk1 ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury 7,,fi%ba*74 ,illu/ration3 ,,sicilian ,,silk1 ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury 7,,fi%ba*74 ,! pursuit ( sup]ficial imitation 9 mod]n times1 ! pictorial aim :i* includes atmosph]ic effect & ! repres5tation ( values1 textures1 & surfaces1 ext5d+ its influ5ce ov] all ! arts ( design has done mu* to de/roy ! dignity1 ! "*1 & ! decorative res]ve ( anci5t & m$iaeval design 9 ! treatm5t ( animals2 ! s-call$ naturali/ic aim produc+ palpably absurd effects 9 sculpture & 9 h]aldry1 = in/ance4 ,) ! mod]n revival ( design & k ( ! h&icrafts ?is mi/ake has be5 l>gely correct$4 ,arti/s h discov]$ ! peculi> qualities prop] to diff]5t mat]ials & processes & _! value z means ( expression 9 design is mu* m g5]ally und]/ood & ackn[l$g$1 :ile fre% /udy ( nature has help$1 ) ^!1 to make a fre% & appropriate conv5tion 9 ! treatm5t ( animals possible4 ,! ,japanese h taught u t m>vell\s fidelity to nature may be unit$ ) decorative effect 9 ! treatm5t ( animals--especially birds & fi%es1 & t c]ta9 facts ( /ructure & surface or col\r may become1 "u skilful treatm5t1 brilliant p>ts ( a design--z ! scales ( a fi% 9 inlays ( pe>l1 or 9 lacqu]3 ! plumage ( a bird 9 silk embroid]y1 or ! sy/em ( /ructure ( ! fea!rs express$ 9 ! delicate l9es ( cloisonn enamel4 ,examples ( ,*9ese art might be ref]r$ to also = excell5ce 9 ! same qualities unit$ ) m decorative res]ve & dignity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,! ,,hundr$ ,,birds ,,( ,,b>i4 ,illu/ration3 ,peacock bracket4 ,man ,m&ir ,palace4 ,gwalior4 ,i h n m5tion$ ,indian art1 except ! example at ,s>na?1 :i*1 at lea/1 z reg>ds ! ,h9du side ab\nds ) examples ( ! decorative treatm5t ( animals1 ! temples be+ frequ5tly a mass ( animal life 9 c>v+1 cont9u\s c\rses be+ =m$ ( elephants1 horses1 & bulls 9 succession4 ,! peacock1 too1 be+ a sacr$ bird1 con/antly appe>s4 ,at ! old palace ( ,man ,m&ir at ,gwalior1 ,c5tral ,india1 ,i saw a c>v$ /one bracket 9 :i* a peacock _h be5 v effectively treat$ = its con/ructive purpose3 & 9 ! s\?1 at ,tanjore1 ,i saw ! spl5did bird1 9 ! quick1 ) tail l a sweep+ robe1 p]*$ ^u ! sacr$ colossal bull :i*1 c>v$ 9 black /one 7or m>ble1 d>k5$ ) successive libations ( votive oil7 reposes 9 ! c\rt ( ! great temple1 & ^: liv+ prototype might easily be f\nd draw+ an ox-c>t 9 ! t[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,elephant bracket ,man ,m&ir ,palace ,gwalior ,at ,gwalior1 too1 ,i not$ a treatm5t ( ! elephant 9 a c>v$ /one bracket 9 ! old palace ( ,man ,m&ir1 :i* 9 /ructure recall$ ! wondr\s columns ( ! temple at ,/e]ungum at ,tri*9opoly 9 ! s\?1 ?\gh 9 ! latt] case ! subject is ma9ly ! horseman1 b ! resemblance is 9 ! arrangem5t :i* seems *>act]i/ic ( ,indian 7,h9du7 c>v+4 ,at ! ,gue/ ,h\se1 ,gwalior1 also1 elephants' heads 7 treat$ +5i\sly z ! corbels support+ balconies4 ,x 0 mod]n "w1 b evid5tly influ5c$ by ! c>v+s 9 ! old palace above m5tion$4 ,!re 0 an abundance ( floral c>v+ & geometric pi]c$ "w 9 ?is ,gue/ ,h\se1 besides1 extremely skilful & beautiful 9 detail1 %[+ t ! mod]n ,h9du ar*itectural c>v] _h by no means lo/ 8 cunn+4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 a native /ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,elephant corbels ,gue/ ,h\se ,gwalior ,"o almo/ wond]s t gold5 images ( fav\rite race-horses are n set up 9--well1 "s ( our public places1 = x _c be said t !re is no animal wor%ip 9 our own c\ntry1 ?\gh ! votive (f]+s 9 art usually take ! =m ( sport+ pr9ts1 or pa9t+s ( fat /ock ) /raight backs & %ort horns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elephant ,,corbels1 ,,gue/ ,,h\se1 ,,gwalior4 ,animal pa9t+ 0 once an hon\r$ & prosp]\s c>e] 9 ,engl&1 & pr9ts aft] ,l&se] cov]$ a consid]able acreage 9 ! e>ly ,victorian epo*4 ,d n 8 lions /ill support ,nelson 9 ,trafalg> ,squ>e1 & p]haps af=d "s protection to unpopul> speak]s on t hi/oric pl9?8 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 mo/ ( u w\ld pref] ! little lion :i* 0 modell$ by ,alfr$ ,/ev5s1 bo? z a dignifi$ repres5tation ( our ,national ,totem & z an example ( native arti/ic /yle & treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,lion by ,alfr$ ,/ev5s1 =m]ly "p ( ! out] iron rail+ ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,,mod]n ,,aspects ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,beauty ,illu/ration ,,mod]n ,,aspects ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,beauty ,t mod]n social & economic conditions t5d to de/roy beauty 9 ! outw>d aspects ( human life & nature3 ! !sis1 ?us /at$1 w\ld seem almo/ a self-evid5t proposition2 yet ,i am by no means sure t s5sitiv5ess to beauty--or to its abs5ce--9 our daily surr\nd+s is s v common 7or ev5 t !re is a common und]/&+ z to ! idea ( beauty7 t x w\ld obta9 g5]al ass5t )\t fur!r explanation2 & z ,i h und]tak5 to op5 ! case = ! prosecution1 if ,i may s t]m x1 ,i w try to put be=e y my reasons & conclusions on ! matt]4 ,my fir/ witness %all be ,london1 z ,london is typical & focusses mo/ ( ! effects ( mod]n social & economic conditions4 ,n[1 we he> a great deal ( ! beauty ( ,london1 b probably ^? :o talk ( h] beauty are really ?9k+ ( c]ta9 beauty spots or ! picturesqu5ess ( c]ta9 fav\r$ localities :]e ! ,?ames & ! p>ks come 94 ,va/ z ,london is1 mo/ ( u really live = ! mo/ "p 9 a comp>atively small ,london4 ,outside our usual haunts lies a va/ unkn[n region1 ( :i* inde$ occasional glimpses are obta9$ on be+ oblig$ to travel across or ?r\gh ! des]t ( ! multi-c\nty-city4 ,^? ^: ,london is b\nd$ on ! we/ by ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s & on ! ea/ by ,mayfair1 d n figure to !mselves ,cl]k5well or ,ratcliffe ,highway1 ,be?nal ,gre5 or ,b[1 & w\ld n c>e to embrace ! va/ new suburbs spread+ ov] ! gre5 fields 9 e direction1 or ev5 to notice ! comp>atively select slums 9 ! %ad[ ( ,belgravian mansions4 ,suppos+ we approa*$ our metropolis by any ( ! great railway l9es1 !re is no?+ to indicate t we are ent]+ ! greate/ & weal?ie/ city 9 ! _w4 ,we pass r[s & r[s ( mean dwell+s--yell[ brick boxes ) blue slate lids--cr[d$ close to ! railway 9 _m places1 ) squalid little backy>ds4 ,we fly ov] n>r[ /reets1 & complex webs & networks ( railway l9es1 & ?read our way ?r\gh telegraph & telephone wires1 myriad smok+ *imney-pots1 /eam+1 ?robb+ works ( all k9ds1 sky signs1 & ! wond]s ( ! p>ti-col\r$ po/] ho>d+s--:i* pursue "o into ! /ation itself1 fl>+ on ! reluctant & jad$ sight ) ev]-increas+ importunity & it]ation1 until "o recalls ! philosoph] :o rem>k$ ,/range t ! _w %\ld ne$ s mu* press+ to accept su* app>5tly obvi\s advantages6 ,inside ! /ation1 h[ev] l>ge1 all s5se ( ar*itectural proportion is lo/ by ! /rid5t labels ( all sorts & sizes1 & banal devices on e scale & 9 e v>iety ( crude col\r1 /uck1 l huge po/age /amps1 :]ev] likely to cat* ! eye4 ,! same ?+ meets u 9 ! /reets3 9 ! busi] comm]cial qu>t]s1 too1 x is a common device to hang ! "n ( ! firm 9 gigantic gilt lett]s all ov] ! w9d[s & upp] /ories ( ! %ops2 :ile ! %ops !mselves become huge w>eh\ses ( goods1 protect$ by %eets ( plate glass1 ^u ! edges ( :i* app>5tly re/ va/ sup]/ructures ( flats & (fices1 playfully p9n$ toge!r by telegraph poles1 & hung ) a black spid]'s web ( wires1 z if to cat* any so>+ ideas ( bett] ?+s t might escape ! mele ( ! /reet4 ,9 ! /reets a va/ cr[d ( all sorts1 sizes & conditions is p]petually hurry+ to & fro1 pres5t+ ! %>pe/ contra/s 9 appe>ance & be>+4 ,"h ! spruce & prosp]\s bus9ess man1 !re ! ragg$ cadg]1 ! club idl]1 & ! out-o'-"w2 !re ! lady 9 h] luxuri\s c>riage or motor1 9 purple & f9e l951 & !re ! wret*$ sell] ( mat*es4 ,mod]n /reet traffic1 too1 is ( ! mo/ mix$ & bewild]+ k9d1 & ! already too p]il\s ,london /reets h be5 made mu* m s by ! motor 9 its v>i\s =ms ( van & 'bus1 bus9ess or private c>4 ,! aspect ( a ,london /reet dur+ "o ( ! frequ5t traffic blocks is c]ta9ly extraord9>y1 s v>i\sly sort$ & siz$ are ! vehicles1 w$g$ 9 an app>5tly inextricable jumble1 :ile ! railways & tubes burr[$ und]gr\nd only add fre% /reams ( humanity to ! traffic1 in/ead ( reliev+ x4 ,yet x has be5 pr9cipally to relieve ! conge/$ traffic ( ,london t ! great *anges h be5 made :i* h practically trans=m$ ! t[n1 sweep+ away hi/oric build+s & relics ( ! pa/1 & giv+ a g5]al impression ( rapid sc5e-%ift+ to our /reets4 ,! mo/ co/ly & tempt+ w>es are display$ 9 ! %ops 9 clo?+1 food1 & all ! necessities ( life1 z well z fanta/ic luxuries & sup]fluities 9 ! greate/ pr(usion--?+s t nobody wants made to give to p :o h no use = !m--yet1 necessities or n1 remov$ only by ! ?ickness ( ! plate-glass f ! fami%$ eyes ( p5ury & want4 ,! %ops1 too1 are n work%ops4 ,! goods appe> 9 ! w9d[s z if by magic4 ,_! produc]s are hidd5 away 9 di/ant factories1 work+ l p>ts ( a ma*9e ^u portions ( :oles :i* p]haps !y nev] see complete4 ,turn+ to ! resid5tial qu>t]s1 we see o/5tation & luxury on ! "o h&1 & *eap imitation1 pret5ti\sness1 or meanness & squalor on ! o!r4 ,we see ! a=esaid brick boxes pack$ toge!r1 :i* h ru9$ ! aspect ( mo/ ( our t[ns3 we h ! pret5ti\s suburban villa1 ) its visitors' & s]vants' bells2 we h ! /ucco-portico$ t[n mansion1 ) its squeezy hall & umbrella /&2 or we h ! desirable flat1 ne>] to heav51 l ! cell ( a cliff-dwell]1 :]e ! mod]n citiz5 seeks seclusion 9 popul\s c>avans>ies :i* ?r[ e /reet out ( scale :]e !y re> _! ,babel-l heads4 ,i h n spok5 ( ! gloom ( old]-fa%ion$ resid5tial qu>t]s1 frigid 9 _! respectability1 :i*1 :atev] c5tres ( light & lead+ !y may conceal1 seem outw>dly to turn ! cold %\ld] to ord9>y humanity1 or peep di/ru/fully at a wick$ _w ?r\gh _! fanlights4 ,_m ( ! features ,i h describ$ are f\nd also 9 mo/ mod]n cities 9 diff]5t degrees1 & are /ill m evid5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e !re is no?+ anci5t to /em ! tide ( mod]n--%all we say progress8 ,x is only fair to note1 h[ev]1 t !re is a movem5t 9 ,new ,york1 9 :i* lead+ ar*itects & arti/s are jo9+ ) municipal re=m]s1 = ! pres]vation ( beauty 9 ! bett] ord]+ ( /reet improvem5ts1 ! lay+ out ( public places1 & ! g5]al recognition ( ! social importance ( h>mony & pleasant effect 9 cities1 :i* has lately f\nd expression 9 s*emes ( t[n-plann+ & g>d5 cities & suburbs 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,turn+ f ! aspects ( _! h\ses to ! humans :o inhabit !m--take mod]n dress 9 our se>* = ! beautiful6 ,well1 national if n di/9ctive co/ume--except ( ! work+ & sport+ sort1 c\rt dress1 collegiate & municipal robes1 & uni=ms--has practically disappe>$1 &1 ap>t f work+ dress 9 work+ h\rs1 "o type ( c]emonial1 or full dress is common to ! p at l>ge1 & t ( ! pla9e/ k9d--) :atev] diff]5ces & niceties ( cut & ta/e 9 detail--,i mean ! type = m51 ( c\rse4 ,among ! undisput$ rights ( wom5 ! lib]ty to dress z %e pleases1 ev5 "u recogniz$ types = set occasions1 & ) con/ant v>iety & *ange ( /yle1 is n a little important1 & x is a lib]ty t has v /rik+ effects ^u ! aspects ( mod]n life we are consid]+4 ,x is true1 ?is lib]ty may be *eck$ by ! decrees ( em95t modi/es1 & limit$ by ! op9ion ( ,mrs4 ,grundy1 or ! frank criticism ( ! boy 9 ! /reet2 & x is ev5 m ?an probable t ! exig5cies ( trade h some?+ to d ) x also4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 too important an elem5t 9 ! ensemble ( life to be ignor$ or und]valu$ 9 any way1 z wom5's dress af=ds "o ( ! few opportunities ( indulg+ 9 ! joy ( col\r t is left to civilization4 ,m5 suff] ! tyranny ( ! tall silk hat z ! outw>d & visible sign ( respectability--surely a f> m obvi\s "o n[adays ?an ,c>lyle's gig4 ,gigmanity has become top-hat-manity4 ,! /ove-pipe is ! cr[n ( ! mod]n k+--f9anci]--! bus9ess man--,he :o mu/ be obey$4 ,i und]/& x is /ill z mu* z a city cl]k's place is wor? = him to appe> 9 any o!r head-ge>4 ,ladies1 too1 enc\rage x1 ) ! black-frock coat & ! re/ ( ! fun]eally fe/ive attire ( mod]n correct mank9d4 ,i suppose ! g>b is consid]$ to act z an effective foil to ! fea/ ( col\r indulg$ 9 by ! ladies1 & t x may act z a sort ( black fram+ to fair pictures--black commas1 semi-colons1 or full-/ops1 agreeably punctuat+ passages ( delicate col\r6 ,! wor/ ( x is t ! beauty ( woman's dress1 :5 x happ5s to foll[ or revive a fa%ion ) great possibilities ( beauty1 z at pres5t1 seems to be a matt] almo/ ( accid5t1 & entirely at ! m]cy ( ! mode 7or ! trade87--"h to-day & gone to-morr[2 &1 alas1 lovely woman1 our only hope = v>iety 9 col\r & =m 9 mod]n life1 9 h] det]m9ation to desc5d into ! indu/rial & pr(essional ar5a & compete comm]cially ) m51 n unfrequ5tly %[s a t5d5cy to take a leaf out ( h] rival's tailor's patt]n-book1 & to adopt or adapt m or less ( ! features ( mod]n man's prosaic1 ?\gh possibly conv5i5t & durable1 b c]ta9ly summ>y & unromantic attire4 ,well1 ,i ?9k1 on ! :ole1 ! pictures :i* mod]n life 9 ,london or any great capital discloses may be /rik+ 9 _! contra/s1 vivid 9 _! sugge/ions1 dramatic or tragic 9 _! aspects--any?+ or ev]y?+1 9 fact1 except beautiful2 except1 ( c\rse1 9 s f> z accid5tal effects ( light & atmosph]e are beautiful1 ma9ly1 p]haps1 because !y disguise or transfigure actually unlovely =m & sub/ance4 ,! ess5tial qualities ( beauty be+ h>mony1 proportion1 balance1 simplicity1 *>m ( =m & col\r1 c we expect to f9d mu* ( x 9 conditions :i* make life a m]e scramble = exi/5ce = ! great] "p ( mank9d8 ,bellamy1 9 8 ,look+ ,backw>d1 gives a /rik+ & succ9ct image ( mod]n social & economic conditions 9 8 illu/ration or allegory ( ! coa* & horses4 ,! coa* is ,capitalism4 ,x c>ries a m9ority1 b ev5 ^! /ruggle = a seat1 & to ma9ta9 _! position1 frequ5tly fall+ (f1 :5 !y ei!r g "u altoge!r1 or mu/ help to pull ! coa* ) ! majority toil+ 9 ! traces ( comm]cial competition4 ,h[ev] ^! conditions may1 among individuals1 be s(t5$ by human k9dness1 or "s ( _! aspects modifi$ by arti/ic ef=t1 !y d n *ange ! cruelty or inju/ice ( ! sy/em1 or its brutal & ugly aspects 9 ! ma94 ,b if mod]n civilization is only tol]able 9 proportion to ! numb] & facility ( ! means ( escape f x1 p]haps we may f9d at lea/ ! beauty ( ! c\ntry & ( wild nature unimpair$8 ,d we8 ,we may escape ! t[n by tra9 or motor--runn+ ! risk 9 ei!r case ( a sma%--b we _c escape comm]cial ent]prise4 ,! v trees & h\ses spr\t ) bus9ess c>ds1 & ! l&scape along "s ( our pr9cipal railway l9es seems own$ by ! v5dors ( drugs4 ,turn+ away our eyes f su* annoyances1 comm]cial ent]prise1 aga91 has u 9 all sorts ( allur+ ann\ncem5ts ( all sorts & sizes 9 innum]able newspap]s & magaz9es1 :i*1 l pap] kites1 c only ma9ta9 _! position by ext5sive tails4 ,! tail--t is1 ! adv]tisem5t %eets--keeps ! kite fly+--& ! s]ial tale keeps ! adv]tis]s go+1 p]haps1 also4 ,anyh[1 ! g5tle read] is oblig$ to take 8 news & views1 social or political1 s&wi*$ or flav\r$ ) v v>i\s & uns\ght & unwant$ condim5ts1 pictorial or o!rwise4 ,?us1 public att5tion is div]t$ &--nobody m9ds6 ,b x is 9 ^! insidi\s ways t t repose or deta*m5t ( m9d fav\rable to ! s5se ( beauty is de/roy$1 & ?us1 to put x 9 ano!r way1 we are 9 dang] ( los+ our lives1 or ! be/ t life c give1 9 gett+ our liv+--or1 well1 p]haps x might be true to say 9 "s cases1 a sub/antial p]c5tage on our inve/m5ts4 ,9 ob$i5ce1 too1 to ! requirem5ts ( ! great god ,trade1 :ole di/ricts ( our fair c\ntry are blight$ & black5$1 & :ole populations are made dep5d5t ^u me*anical1 monoton\s1 & (t5 dang]\s toil to support ! int]national comm]cial race = ! prec>i\s _w-m>ket4 ,"u ! same desp]ate compulsion ( comm]cial competition1 agriculture decl9es1 & ! c\ntry side is des]t$4 ,! old c\ntry life1 ) its fe/ivals & picturesque cu/oms1 has disappe>$4 ,old h\ses1 *ur*es1 & cottages h tumbl$ into ru91 or h suff]$ worse de/ruction by a process ( sm>t5+ up call$ re/oration4 ,! p h cr[d$ into ! ov]cr[d$ t[ns1 increas+ ! competition = employm5t1 ! *ances ( :i* are less5$ by ! v indu/ry ( ! work]s !mselves1 & s our great cities bl9dly become hug]1 m dang]\s1 & g5]ally unlovely1 los+1 too1 by degrees _! relics ( hi/oric int]e/ & romance !y once possess$4 ,ev5 9 ! art-_w1 & among ! v cultivators ( beauty we detect ! cank] ( comm]cialism4 ,! compulsion ( ! m>ket rules supply & dem&1 & ! deal] becomes m & m dom9ant4 ,! idea ( ! %op dom9ates picture %[s1 & pa9t]s become almo/ z specializ$ z m5 ( sci5ce1 :ile g5ius1 or ev5 ord9>y tal5t1 requires z mu* puff+ z a pat5t m$ic9e4 ,ev]yone mu/ h 8 trade label1 & woe to ! arti/ :o exp]im5ts1 or discov]s capacities 9 himself = o!r ?+s ?an 8 label cov]s4 ,e new & s9c]e movem5t 9 art has be5 9 direct prote/ & conflict ) ! prevail+ conditions1 & has measur$ its progress by its degree ( success 9 c\nt]act+ !m1 &1 9 "s s5se1 produc+ new conditions4 ,! rem>kable revival ( ! h&icrafts1 or arts & crafts movem5t1 ( late ye>s may be quot$ z an in/ance2 b x is a _w )9 a _w2 a m9ority produc+ = a m9ority2 al?\gh ! movem5t has done valuable "w ev5 z a prote/1 & has rais$ ! bann] ( h&work & its beauty 9 an age ( ma*9e indu/ry4 ,o!r notable movem5ts ( a prote/+1 protective1 or mitigat+ nature are at "w 9 ! =m ( societies = ! protection ( anci5t build+s1 = ! pres]vation ( hi/oric spots & ! beauty ( natural sc5]y1 = ! abolition or abatem5t ( ! smoke nuisance1 = *eck+ ! abuses ( public adv]tisem5t1 = ! increase ( p>ks & op5 spaces1 & = spread+ ! love ( art among ! p4 ,inde$1 x w\ld seem z if ! welf>e ( humanity & ! prospects ( a tol]able life "u mod]n conditions 7 h&$ ov] to su* societies1 s9ce x does n seem to be anybody's bus9ess to att5d to :at %\ld be ev]ybody's bus9ess1 & we h n ev5 a m9i/] to look aft] su* int]e/s4 ,! v exi/5ce ( su* societies1 h[ev]1 is a pro( ( ! dang] & de/ruction to :i* beauty is expos$ "u mod]n conditions4 ,social conditions are ! outcome ( economic conditions4 ,9 all ages x has be5 ! sy/em "u :i* prop]ty is held--! own]%ip ( ! means ( production & ex*ange--:i* has decid$ ! =ms ( social life4 ,! expansion ( capital & ! p[] ( ! f9anci] are ess5tially mod]n developm5ts1 z also is unre/rict$ comm]cial competition1 ?\gh ?is seems to lead to monopoly--a h]et(ore unexpect$ climax4 ,mod]n exi/5ce 9 su* circum/ances becomes an unequal race or scramble = money1 place1 p[]1 or m]e employm5t4 ,! social 7or r unsocial7 pressure :i* results really causes ^? sordid aspects1 pret5ces1 aggressions1 & brutal contra/s we deplore4 ,private own]%ip is con/antly oppos$ to public int]e/4 ,! habit ( reg>d+ ev]y?+ f ! n>r[ po9t ( view ( money value & imm$iate pr(it z ! det]m9+ factors 9 all transactions obscures l>g] issues & /ultifies collective action = ! public good4 ,ladies & g5tlem5 ( ! jury ( public op9ion1 p]haps ,i h said en\gh to support ! case ( beauty aga9/ mod]n social & economic conditions4 ,i d n ask = damages--!y are incalculable4 ,%e /&s be=e y1 a pa!tic figure1 obscur$ 9 %r$s & pat*es1 driv5 f pill> to po/1 dis9h]it$1 a casual1 & oblig$ to beg h] bread1 :o %\ld be a welcome & an hon\r$ gue/ 9 e city & c\ntry1 & 9 e h\se1 be>+ ! lamp ( art & br++ com=t & joy to all4 ,a ,,%ort ,,survey ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,,) ,,"s ,,notes ,,on ,,rec5t ,,developm5ts ,illu/ration ,a ,,%ort ,,survey ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury1 ,,*iefly ,,9 ,,engl&1 ,,) ,,"s ,,notes ,,on ,,rec5t ,,developm5ts ,a hundr$ ye>s is b an arbitr>y division ( "t1 & yet "o _c help inve/+ ! c5turies ) a sort ( p]sonality z !y pass1 ea* di/+ui%$ by c]ta9 *>act]i/ics1 p>ticul> movem5ts1 & habits ( ?\ght z well z ( life & its aspects1 & above all by ! _s & =ms ( ! art to :i* !y h giv5 bir?4 ,if we c\ld summon a typical figure ) prop] accessories to illu/rate ea* epo* we %\ld get a vivid if some:at symbolical idea ( ! v>y+ phases ( ?\ght & art1 & ! pass+ fa%ions 9 ta/e :i* ! pa/ has witness$4 ,few c5turies1 p]haps1 w\ld be m difficult to compreh5d 9 a s+le figure ?an ! n9ete5?1 display+ z x does 9 ! c\rse ( its hi/ory s _m div]sities--revolutions we might say--9 arti/ic developm5t4 ,9 its e>ly ye>s1 inh]it+ its ta/e & fa%ions f ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 h&icraft 0 /ill ! pr9cipal means = ! production ( ?+s ( bo? use & adornm5t1 ! n9ete5? c5tury has witness$ a complete revolution 9 comm]cial & indu/rial conditions1 ) ! developm5t ( ! factory sy/em1 competition1 & ! dem&s ( ! _w-m>ket4 ,x has se5 ! great ma*9e indu/ries take ! place ( ! =m] m9ute subdivision ( lab\r1 & 9 ! process ( bo? subdivision ( lab\r & ! developm5t ( ma*9e indu/ry all =ms ( production h be5 affect$4 ,! =m] local c5tres ( supply h disappe>$ ) self-dep5d5t home/eads & village indu/ries1 & ) ! decl9e ( h&icraft traditions ( design & con/ruction h be5 9 ?is c\ntry well-nigh completely brok51 except 9 "s trades1 su* z ! c>twright's & ! :eelwright's & ! h>ness mak]'s4 ,we /ill see 9 our beautiful c\ntry wagons ! *amf]s & ogee =ms 9 ! woodwork & ! gay pa9t+ ( m$iaeval times1 & our noble %ire horses are (t5 brave ) bright brass ornam5ts :i* p]petuate traditional patt]ns1 m\ld$ or pi]c$2 :ile ! desc5dants ( ,wayl& ,smi? /ill ply _! trade at ! village =ge1 ?\gh ma9ly limit$ to horse%oes4 ,b ma*9e indu/ry & ! factory & production = pr(it r ?an = use1 hav+ ne>ly ext+ui%$ all s5se ( art & individual ta/e 9 ! useful arts :i* contribute to ! com=t & decoration ( ! home1 9 ! lat] ye>s ( ! c5tury1 seem to h evok$1 by ! m]e =ce ( reaction & revulsion ( feel+1 t rem>kable revival ( decorative design & h&icraft :i* has di/+ui%$ its clos+ ye>s1 "u ! influ5ce ( :i* _m beautiful crafts h be5 successfully recov]$ & practis$ ) success1 :ile trade itself has n be5 sl[ to d]ive new ideas f ! ,arts & ,crafts movem5t4 ,! ma9 pr9ciples inspir+ ! promot]s ( ?is movem5t h be5 ! unity ( ! arts alli$ ) & controll$ by ar*itecture1 & ! due ackn[l$gem5t ( ! arti/ic responsibility ( ! design] & craftsman4 ,) reg>d to ! ar*itecture ( ! n9ete5? c5tury we may see ne>ly e pa/ fa%ion ( its hi/ory reviv$ 9 turn1 until "s ( our eclectic ar*itects seem to h evolv$ some?+ l a *>act]i/ic dome/ic /yle1 at lea/1 *>act]i/ically mix$ 9 its con/ructive & decorative features1 b c]ta9ly adapt$ to mod]n requirem5ts4 ,! classical =ms 9 build+1 :i* atta9$ a c]ta9 heav9ess & ,dut* pla9ness "u ! ,georges1 und]w5t a trans=mation ) ! revival ( ,greek & ,roman ta/e 9 ! ,empire p]iod4 ,f t "t onw>d classical columns & pila/]s & classical details ( v>y+ proportions became emb$d$1 z x 71 9 our dome/ic ar*itecture1 & z a consequ5ce ! m-or-less-,doric portico /ill dom9ates l>ge resid5tial di/ricts ( ,london4 ,_! column$ ranks1 h[ev]1 h latt]ly be5 greatly brok5 9 "s qu>t]s by ! *e]ful r$ brick fronts & :ite sa%es ( ! ,que5 ,anne revival1 :i* h1 9 "s in/ances1 9 response to ! dem& = resid5tial flats1 ev5 got ^u /ilts & nod at u f ! _m-gabl$ top /ories ( ! mod]n c>avans>y4 ,/reet ar*itecture 9 lat] ,victorian days became a masqu]ade 9 build+ mat]ials1 s9ce ! design ( ! faade be>s little or no relation to ! hidd5 /ructure ( /eel fram+ by :i* our _m-/ori$ piles are held toge!r1 :ile1 app>5tly1 :5 !re are %ops on ! gr\nd floor ! :ole mass has ! effect ( playfully repos+ ^u ! edges ( great %eets ( plate glass4 ,! use ( t]ra-cotta1 or cut-brick enri*m5ts h be5 a welcome relief f ! doleful g5tility ( ! :ite brick1 or ! depress+ gray /ucco :i* has ca/ a peculi> gloom ov] "s respectable neighb\rhoods4 ,9 *ur* ar*itecture ! ,go?ic revivali/s h c>ri$ all be=e !m4 ,at "o p]iod ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 inde$1 :5 ! re/or+ zeal 0 at its height & no?+ 0 acceptable b some?+ e>ly ,engli%1 !re 0 consid]able reason to fe> t ! ar*itects w\ld leave no?+ beh9d !m6 ,b we h _h really di/+ui%$ "w f m5 l ,butt]field 7! ar*itect ( ,all ,sa9ts1 ,m>g>et ,/reet71 ,william ,burges1 & ,j4 ,d4 ,s$d+1 :ile dome/ic ar*itecture bo? 9 t[n & c\ntry has be5 develop$ on new l9es by ,mr4 ,norman ,%aw1 ,mr4 ,philip ,webb1 & _! able foll[]s ( ! y\ng] g5]ation4 ,9 sculpture we may trace an analog\s l9e ( developm5t1 f ! sev]e1 graceful1 b some:at cold classical /yle ( ,flaxman & ! m dramatic ,canova1 or ! s5tim5t ( ,?orvalds51 freez+ into ! lat] classicism ( ,gibson on ! "o h&1 or break+ out into ! realisms & trivialities ( ! mod]n ,italian ,s*ool4 ,9 ,engl&1 inspir$ by ! /udy ( nature & cultivation ( /yle *iefly "u ! influ5ce ( ! works ( ,phidias & ! ,flor5t9e ma/]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 a s*ool ( consid]able di/9ction & =ce has aris54 ,we _h "o1 at lea/1 really great ma/] 9 ,alfr$ ,/ev5s /&+ almo/ alone z a mod]n expositor ( r5asc5ce traditions4 ,he has be5 succe$$ by m5 ( ta/e & ref9em5t l ! late ,onsl[ ,=d1 or ! accompli%m5t1 beauty ( design1 & vig\r ( expression ( ! late ,h>ry ,bates1 n to m5tion liv+ expon5ts ( sculpture q z di/+ui%$4 ,among ! y\ng] s*ool ! cont95tal influ5ce ( ,meuni] & ( ,rod9 may be not$4 ,to cont9ue our rapid & necess>ily imp]fect survey1 9 ! field ( pa9t+1 aga91 ! c\rse ( developm5t ?r\gh *anges ( feel+ & aim is ev5 m emphatically m>k$1 z might be expect$ f t mo/ s5sitive & impressionable ( ! arts4 ,! dom9ation ( ! old] ,academic traditions 9 arti/ic education & practice 0 only brok5 fitfully 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury by su* meteoric influ5ces z t ( ,william ,blake1 :o ) 8 vivid & inspir$ vision ( a _w ( spiritual1 imag9ative1 & symbolic beauty 0 9 op5 revolt aga9/ ! classical coldness & ! consci\s prett9esses & pret5ces ( 8 "t 9 art1 z well z aga9/ ! prosaic calculat+ _s ( a comm]cial epo*4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds & ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh z well z ,hog>? left _! m>k on ! me?ods 9 ,engli% pa9t+ & rais$ a /&>d ( workman%ip 9 ! eighte5? c5tury :i* has n s9ce be5 approa*$ 9 ! same direction1 ?\gh _m *>m+ arti/s 9 ! figure & l&scape1 su* z ,george ,morl&1 succe$$ !m2 :ile lat] we h ! anecdotic & incid5t pictures ( ,david ,wilkie :i* e/abli%$ a *>act]i/ic ,briti% type4 ,! rem>kable "w ( ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn] is p]haps m *>act]i/ic ( ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ?an t ( any o!r ,engli% pa9t]4 ,tra9$ 9 ! re/rict$ & res]v$ me?ods ( ! e>ly l&scape s*ool le>n$ f ,italy & ,france1 ) extraord9>y indu/ry & facility z a draughtsman1 & a ke5 s5se ( composition1 8 developm5t "u diff]5t influ5ces1 f ! classical l&scape s*ool ( ,claude ,lorra9e & ,nicolas ,p\ss9 to ! romantic feel+ ( ,titian & ,salvator ,rosa1 or ! quiet pa?os & precision ( t\* ( ! ,dut* ma/]s1 & above all ( ! close & con/ant obs]vation ( nature 9 all h] v>y+ moods1 & 9 ne>ly all ,european c\ntries1 may be se5 9 ! unrivall$ record ( "w he has left1 & 9 ! spl5did collection 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,turn] seems to express ! g5]al movem5t ( ! half-c5tury's life & moods ( ?\ght m completely ?an any o!r arti/4 ,classical1 romantic1 my?ological1 naturali/ic1 impressioni/ic1 9 turn2 f ! s]5e atmosph]e1 luc5t skies1 & deep umbrage ( classical l&scapes1 ) _! nymphs & %eph]ds1 we may foll[ ! c\rse ( 8 m9d to ! ,ra91 ,/eam1 & ,spe$ ( ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway4 ,x is a wide rea*1 b ,turn]'s art illum9ates ! smoke & ! /ir & /ress ( ! indu/rial & revolution>y n9ete5? c5tury1 l a ra9b[ spann+ a /ormy sky4 ,& :at ( its la/ fifty ye>s8 ,!y h se5 ! rise1 =mation & decl9e ( ! pre-,raphaelite ,s*ool4 ,t /rong & e>ne/ movem5t emanat+ f a small gr\p ( en?usia/ic "y pa9t]s1 seek+ s9c]ity ( expression ) ?or\ghness ( workman%ip & pr(\nd /udy ( nature4 ,! names ( ,holman ,hunt1 ,j4 ,e4 ,millais1 ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti & ,=d ,madox ,br[n & ,fr$]ick ,s&ys w always be associat$ ) ?is important epo* 9 ,engli% pa9t+4 ,_! works h ex]cis$ a pot5t influ5ce f> beyond _! own imm$iate circle1 & h affect$ _m diff]5t developm5ts1 =m+ ! root & /em z x 7 ( _m diff]5t bran*es4 ,to ?is s\rce 7:e!r z reactive or relat$ influ5ces7 we may trace back ! two *ief & vital di/9ctive directions into :i* mod]n pa9t+ may be broadly divid$--impressionism on ! "o h& & ! pursuit ( decorative beauty t+$ ) poetic feel+ & romance on ! o!r1 ?is latt] be+ alli$ ) a fur!r important movem5t conc]n$ ) ! revival ( design & ! arti/ic h&icrafts1 kn[n z ! ,arts & ,crafts movem5t4 ,) ?is ! names ( ,william ,morris & ,burne-,jones w always be associat$1 & !y bo? l9k h&s ) ! orig9al gr\p ( ! pre-,raphaelites4 ,among lat] influ5ces ^u art g5]ally t ( ! ,japanese _c be left out ( acc\nt z its effects h be5 consid]able 9 _m directions & may be said to h _h an enorm\s influ5ce ^u ! art ( ,:i/l]4 ,despite1 h[ev]1 ! m>vell\s skill ( ,japanese craftsman%ip1 ow+ to ! fanta/ic _s ( _! design1 & ! abs5ce ( ! /eady+ & controll+ influ5ce ( /one con/ruction 9 _! ar*itecture1 _! art has _h m effect ^u our impressioni/ic s*ool ?an ^u our arts & craftsm51 & x is r by ! "w ( ! latt] type & ! movem5t x repres5ts t ! art ( ! close ( ! la/ c5tury is m di/9ctively *>act]iz$4 ,! /udy ( ,japanese art1 h[ev]1 leads u back to its s\rce 9 ! grav] & m s]i\s art ( ,*9a1 :]e its prototypes may be f\nd 9 nobl] =ms4 ,! op5+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury has br\ght great *anges--*anges 9 ! aspects ( life1 *anges 9 ! temp] ( ! nation4 ,action & reaction :i* gov]n ! _w1 also influ5ce ! _w ( ?\ght & ( art4 ,! p5dulum ( ta/e sw+s betwe5 ! classic & ! romantic moods & modes4 ,x has ( late swung aga9 t[>ds ! classical side & manife/s itself1 z reg>ds decoration1 9 ! vogue ( pla9 :ite walls1 classical columns & pila/]s & cornices1 & an almo/ puritan fe> ( any o!r k9d ( ornam5t4 ,:5 col\r & patt]n are indulg$ 9 !y mo/ly %[ a rev]sion to ! fa%ions ( ! e>ly ,victorian age ( ,fr5* orig9 or pre-,morrisian types4 ,:at 0 once d5\nc$ z hide\s has n[ become old fa%ion$ en\gh to be f\nd hi/orically int]e/+4 ,9 pa9t+1 :at might be t]m$ a cult ( ! ugly1 inde$1 seems to h fasc9at$ _m ( our vigor\s arti/s4 ,?is may be ! result ( a reaction aga9/ e>ly ,victorian prett9ess1 & quasi-classical elegance4 ,!re has also be5 a decad5t influ5ce at "w 9 our latt]-day art4 ,?is also manife/$ itself 9 t /range decorative disease kn[n z ,l',art ,n\veau1 :i* "s writ]s h actually ass]t$ 0 ! (fspr+ ( :at prop]ly consid]$ 0 really its anti!sis--! ,morris s*ool ( decoration4 ,"s ( ! =ms ( ,l',art ,n\veau may h be5 ! result ( ! translation into cont95tal modes ( "s k9ds ( ,briti%1 or r ,scotti%1 design1 initiat$ by c]ta9 design]s ( ! ,glasg[ s*ool1 & x is 9 ?is direction1 ,i ?9k1 t we %\ld be m likely to discov] its true g5esis4 ,to fa!r x on ! ,morris s*ool is mu* z if "o 7 to say t impressionism 0 a developm5t ( ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t1 :]eas x 0 a reaction4 ,! foll[]s ( bo? s*ools1 no d\bt1 s\ght to re/ate natural fact or phase1 b on totally diff]5t pr9ciples & 9 absolutely oppos$ t]ms ( art4 ,) ! pass+ ( ! impressioni/ ma/]s1 aga91 we see a c\nt] movem5t 9 :at are call$ ! po/ impressioni/s4 ,"h1 aga91 pr9ciples1 me?ods ( conception1 obs]vation1 selection1 & execution are totally diff]5t4 ,!re are _m diff]5t individualities1 & _! works are s div]se t x c h>dly be consid]$ a conc]t$ movem5t 9 pa9t+1 ?\gh1 reg>d$ collectively1 x appe>s to be a reaction aga9/ previ\sly accept$ canons or /&>ds 9 art4 ,yet curi\sly en\gh !re are sugge/ions ( ! influ5ce ( e>ly ,byzant9e "w & ( ,roman mosaic 9 ! "w ( "s ( ^! pa9t]s1 ! mosaic me?od ( produc+ =m & col\r by ! juxtaposition ( small tess]ae or cubes1 be+ actually foll[$ z closely z possible 9 "s in/ances1 by lay+ on pa9t 9 small squ>es or p>allelograms4 ,by su* means a c]ta9 effect ( vibrat+ light is obta9$1 b x seems r a misapplication ( ! me?od1 & w\ld be m satisfactory to "w 9 actual mosaic & = ! arti/ to avail himself ( ! decorative beauty :i* ! conditions ( work+ 9 t mat]ial w\ld give4 ,! movem5t1 s f> z x is s9c]e1 appe>s to be a reflex 9 art ( ! feel+ :i* is apt to possess memb]s ( a civiliz$ community occasionally--! feel+ :i* urges a man to break away f ! re/ra9ts & =malities1 z well z ! com=ts & luxuries ( mod]n life1 & seek a return to nature or ! b$-rock ( exi/5ce 9 ! backwoods1 or "s primitive c\ntry1 :]e a simple life is possible4 ,x also reflects a view :i* has a c]ta9 influ5ce among educationali/s--a desire to realize & to possess ! unprejudic$ unprepossess$ attitude ( a *ild's m9d & its outlook & vision ( nature & life4 ,!re is a *>m 9 ! navet ( primitive art ( all k9ds :i* is ak9 to ! *>m we (t5 f9d 9 *ildr5's draw+s4 ,9 seek+ to cultivate artificially su* a m5tal attitude & its expression 9 art1 h[ev]1 !re is ! dang] ( affectation1 & ev5 ! s9c]e/ ef=ts 9 t direction may give ! impression ( be+ affect$2 also1 :51 z is ne>ly always ! case 9 our "t1 ! "q ( art becomes hopelessly mix$ up ) ! "q ( comm]cialism1 & p]sonal int]e/s1 & cross$ by waves ( fa%ionable caprice1 l ! w9d bl[+ :]e x li/e?1 x becomes exce$+ly difficult to discov] ! prov]bial hair :i* p]haps divides ! false & ! true4 ,ano!r po9t to be not$ is ?is1 t :]eas ! tr5d ( impressionism 9 art has be5 t[>ds ! opposite pole to consci\s & =mal design1 among "s ( ! pa9t]s ( ! new] s*ool !re appe>s to be a feel+ t[>ds its recov]y to "s ext5t1 at lea/1 !re is evid5ce ( ! desire to reg>d a picture z a patt]n ( col\r :i* necess>ily involves "s sort ( arrangem5t4 ,?is may be "s indication ( a return to sanity & a desire to re/ore ! art ( pa9t+ z an art ( design4 ,b ov] & above all ^! movem5ts & v>ieties ! desire = some?+ antique seems to be dom9ant4 ,! old ma/]s eclipse ! mod]ns 9 pa9t+2 & 9 decoration & furniture1 if g5u9e old "w is n to be _h1 ! close/ imitation is 9 dem&1 & ! tone ( "t mu/1 if possible1 be anticipat$ 9 c\nt]feit4 ,mr4 ,h>dca/le1 9 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu]1 w\ld be q 9 fa%ion ) 8 old h\se & ev]y?+ old 9 x4 ,ap>t f ! trade int]e/s no d\bt conc]n$1 ?is love ( antiquity gr[+ side by side ) ! mo/ rapid developm5t ( me*anical inv5tion & ! consequ5t trans=mation ( ! aspects & habits ( life1 is a curi\s fact & seems to %[1 s f> z x is g5u9e1 ! gr[? ( an unsatisfi$ hi/oric s5se or feel+ = romance1 :i* at "o "t seem$ ?reat5$ ) ext9ction 9 a utilit>ian _w4 ,?is ta/e = antiquity 9 all ?+s1 h[ev]1 is (t5 v artificial 9 its manife/ations1 & does n lead to any ke5] appreciation ( good contempor>y art1 b r enc\rages ! simulation ( pa/ /yles ?an orig9al inv5tion1 :i* does n seem q heal?y4 ,ano!r rec5t developm5t is ! ta/e = pageantry4 ,?is is 9 itself ano!r indication ( ! revival ( ! love ( romance & antiquity1 p]haps1 & may to "s ext5t h also enc\rag$ t revival4 ,c]ta9ly 9 pageantry we h a popul> & picturesque means ( vivify+ pa/ hi/ory1 & enc\rag+ a k ( & pride 9 ! /ory ( _! own c\ntry among our p :i* c\ld h>dly be ga9$ f ! /udy ( books or pictures alone4 ,hi/oric episodes arrang$ 9 dramatic =m enact$ by liv+ m5 & wom51 ) all ! vivid effect ( life & movem5t1 & height5$ by all ! res\rces ( co/ume & h]aldry & accessories prop] to ea* p]iod1 ! sc5es1 too1 tak+ place 9 ! op5 air1 ) gre5 sw>ds1 noble trees1 & ! wide sky = prosc5ium leave an ineffaceable impression ^u ! eyes & m9ds ( ! spectators4 ,b :at is want$ is a wid] appeal4 ,we might make ! pageant a means ( c5traliz+ & unify+ national life4 ,we %\ld n be cont5t to limit su* %[s to a means ( rais+ money = *>itable objects1 or z an exp5sive amusem5t = ! few2 we %\ld aim at mak+ our pageants free public spectacles 9 :i* ! p !mselves %\ld co-op]ate4 ,mr4 ,frank ,h5son & ,mr4 ,frank ,lascelles h done & are do+ excell5t "w 9 ?is direction4 ,e t[n might h its commemorative processions 9 celebration ( c]ta9 important local hi/oric ev5ts1 especially su* z illu/rate ! gr[? ( ! great /ructure ( ,engli% ,fre$om4 ,if we consid] ! am\nt ( arti/ic & ar*aeological k1 ! tra9+ & discipl9e involv$1 ! opportunities = p]sonal di/9ction1 & ! cultivation ( ! s5se ( beauty 9 ! ext]nals ( life1 we h 9 ! pageant a v important educational factor ( f>-rea*+ influ5ce1 & a p[]ful means ( unify+ public s5tim5t & public _s1 & fo/]+ ! national "*4 ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,commonweal ,,an ,,address ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,arm/rong ,,college ,,to ,,! ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,art ,illu/ration ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,commonweal ,,an ,,address ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,arm/rong ,,college1 ,,newca/le1 ,,to ,,! ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,art ,art 9 our "t is reg>d$ f _m diff]5t po9ts ( view--= in/ance1 7#a7 z an accessory 9 g5]al education--g5]ally "s way aft] ! fact2 or 7#b7 z ! s]vant or slave ( comm]ce & indu/ry2 or 7#c7 z a polite amusem5t = p]sons ( leisure2 or 7#d7 z a pr(ession or means ( livelihood2 7#e7 z a luxury only = p]sons ( weal? & leisure2 or 7#f7 z an inve/m5t or speculation2 or 7#g7 z a necessity ( life & its indisp5sable accompanim5t & means ( record & expression4 ,art may be1 & inde$ actually is1 ea* & all ( ^! at ! pres5t mom5t1 b1 ap>t f economic & o!r consid]ations1 ! latt] is ! l>g] & tru] view ( ! function ( art1 & x necess>ily1 too1 includes ! fir/1 or educational value1 :i* _c be ov] e/imat$4 ,! education ( ! eye is second to none 9 importance if we consid] x fully 9 all its be>+s1 b ?is is f> f be+ g5]ally suffici5tly realiz$ 7or ugl9ess might come to be consid]$ a crime71 & z ! fir/ av5ue ( human intellig5ce--?\gh ! m\? p]haps might make out a case = priority1 its int]e/s are s+ul>ly neglect$4 ,x is true we h ! words unsightly & eyesore1 :i* seem to recognize t ! eye is capable ( be+ affront$ or di/ress$ or ev5 w\nd$ by hide\s objects2 ?is p]haps is some?+1 b = all t ! eye has to be a v tol]ant organ 9 ^! days4 ,! be/ te/ ( p[] or accuracy ( obs]vation is draw+1 & p[] ( draw+ is ! basis ( all art1 :i* might 9 all its v>ieties be describ$ z diff]5t k9ds or degrees ( draw+2 :at is pa9t+ b draw+ 9 col\r & tone8 ,:at is modell+ b draw+ 9 relief or 9 ?ree dim5sions8 ,:at is weav+ patt]n b draw+ 9 textile8 ,& s ) ea* arti/ic craft by means ( :i* beautiful =m & col\r is creat$1 ea* aft] its mann] is a me?od ( draw+1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 ea* is actually bas$ on a draw+ z a prelim9>y /age ( its exi/5ce4 ,great1 !n1 is draw+4 ,x has n[ tak5 a place 9 our ord9>y educational c\rse z a compulsory subject al?\gh x mu/ be said t amid ! innum]able subjects ) :i* ! mod]n /ud5t is expect$ to be cramm$ a v small proportion ( "t is g5]ally all[$ = its pursuit--a pursuit inde$ :i* g5]ally ends 9 cat*+ x l a m\se1 by ! tail1 = x appe>s t ab\t two h\rs a week is ! "t sp5t 9 ! draw+ classes ( "s colleges4 ,?is does n seem to give mu* *ance to ei!r tea*] or /ud5t ( draw+6 ,nev]!less1 z "o :o has exam9$ ! results ( su* draw+1 a c]ta9 p[] ( simple def9ition ( =m 9 an ab/ract way appe>s to be acquir$1--! capacity1 v>y+ a good deal1 to give 9 simple bold *alk outl9e ! sali5t *>act]i/ics ( "s common object1 or liv+ =m1 su* z a piece ( pott]y1 a fl[]1 a bird1 a fi%4 ,ev5 reg>d$ m]ely z an aid to ! compreh5sion ( an object or subject1 draw+ is obvi\sly ( ! greate/ practical use4 ,9 ! new] me?ods ( tea*+ to read ! ^w is accompani$ by ! pictur$ object1 = m]e bra9-puzzl+ has no place 9 any national educational sy/em4 ,x has be5 said t ! wor/ draw+ ( an object gives a cle>] idea ( x ?an ! be/ v]bal description4 ,t seems r r\gh on lit]ature6 ,b !re is a good deal ( tru? 9 x4 ,x is j ?is def9it5ess ( /atem5t 9 a draw+ :i* makes x s valuable an expon5t ( =m & detail1 :]eby its s]vices become indisp5sable 9 demon/ration & description1 & !re=e invaluable to all tea*]s4 ,if anyone c draw an object 9 gr\nd-plan1 9 elevation1 9 longitud9al & transv]se section1 & give its appe>ance 9 silh\ette & 9 light & %ade1 he w n only le>n all ab\t ! =m1 "* & con/ruction ( ! ?+1 b w be able to imp>t 8 k to o!rs4 ,to beg9 )1 !n1 f ! purely practical po9t ( view & reg>d$ z an aid 9 education1 ! *ief aim 9 ! /udy ( draw+ is to acquire k ( =m & fact & ! p[] ( describ+ or demon/rat+ !m4 ,we _c !re=e be too def9ite & ne$ n be afraid ( be+ h>d1 ev5 f ! art-/ud5t's po9t ( view4 ,/udies %\ld be /udies1 ?or\gh & se>*+4 ,b draw+1 pursu$ z an introduction to ! _w ( art1 may lead ! /ud5t on ?r\gh a c\rse ( practically endless evolution & developm5t1 z he p]ceives t x is inde$ a language ( a mo/ s5sitive & v>i$ k9d1 ( _m /yles & me?ods1 :i*1 ?\gh beg9n+ ) simple /atem5ts ( fact & =m1 may become 9 gift$ h&s an in/rum5t ( ! mo/ p[]ful or delicate feel+ & an expon5t ( "* & a vehicle ( ! imag9ation1 hav+ a rhy?m & beauty peculi> to itself4 ,consid] ! am\nt ( beauty t has be5 express$ by means ( outl9e alone1 f e>ly ,egyptian "w to ! exquisite figures ( ! ,greek vase pa9t]1 or to ! fl[]s & birds ( ,japanese arti/s4 ,9 ^! in/ances1 z 9 all ! be/1 draw+ is unit$ ) design1--only ano!r k9d ( draw+4 ,we happ5 to h ! words ,draw+ & ,design 9 our language1 & !y signify di/9ct ?+s1 because ( c\rse !re is draw+ :i* may be simply copy+ or transcript1 & !re is draw+ alli$ to inv5tion & imag9ation1 draw+ ) ! m9d1 ) ideas z well z ) ! eye & h&1 :i* becomes design4 ,i he>d ( an arti/ endeav\r+ to def9e design ! o!r day1 & he said4 ,well1 y make a ?9k1 & !n y draw a l9e r\nd x4 ,x is c]ta9ly ?\ght t makes ! diff]5ce4 ,:5 we come to composition we p]ceive t l9e has a fur!r function & significance1 & x becomes an important factor 9 t h>moniz+1 unify+ process :i* is involv$ 9 mak+ a design ( any k9d4 ,?is is n m]ely an indulg5ce 9 idle or aimless fancy1 b is ! outcome1 ov] & above its imag9ative quality1 ( meet+ c]ta9 conditions1 su* z ! object & purpose ( ! "w1 its mat]ial1 & ! necessities ( its production4 ,!re is a c]ta9 logic1 too1 9 ! language ( l9e :i* ! design] is b\nd to obs]ve1 & he soon sees t 9 committ+ himself to a p>ticul> =m or sy/em ( l9e 9 8 design ( composition t =m _c /& alone b has to be c\nt]balanc$1 l$ up to1 & alli$ ) correspond+ l9es & =ms1 or p]haps emphasiz$ by contra/s4 ,n[ 9 pictorial composition or any?+ ( t nature1 a design is complete 9 itself1 ! pla9 surface-panel canvas1 or pap] x cov]s1 det]m9es its proportions & def9ite limits & ! only necess>y te*nical consid]ations resolve !mselves into ! necessity ( unity ) itself & suitability to ! process employ$4 ,b :]eas ! pictorial arti/ or picture pa9t] c>ries 8 own "w ?r\gh to completion1 is design] & craftsman 9 "o2 9 %ort1 ! design] = "s indu/rial purpose1 unless he is 8 own craftsman1 mu/ make 8 design also a work+ draw+ to con=m to c]ta9 /rict te*nical conditions1 su* z ! nature ( ! mat]ial & ! me?od ( reproduction1 c]ta9 limits ( size & numb] ( col\rs to be us$ & s =?4 ,8 "w is n complete 9 itself1 b is a draft = a process ( manufacture1 & dep5ds = its ultimate success1 beyond :at beauty x may possess1 ^u ! complet5ess ) :i* ! te*nical requirem5ts h be5 met & ^u ! co-op]ative lab\r ( p]haps a multitude ( craftsm54 ,) ! e/abli%m5t ( mod]n competitive capitali/ic comm]ce & indu/ry1 ! factory sy/em1 division ( lab\r1 & ma*9]y1 design] & craftsman h be5 widely sep>at$1 to ! detrim5t ( bo?4 ,%ops are no long] work%ops1 b only dpts = ! display ( ! f9i%$ products ( indu/ry1 s t ! public rema9 l>gely 9 ignorance ( h[ & :]e & "u :at conditions ?+s are made4 ,ev5 build+1 :i* 0 said to be ! only craft c>ri$ on "u ! public eye1 is n[ l>gely a my/]i\s process develop$ beh9d ho>d+s & po/]s4 ,z to ma*9]y1 ,i d n d5y t x has its uses or t wond]ful 7& sometimes fe>ful7 ?+s h be5 produc$2 ! comm]cial output is prodigi\s1 9 fact1 mod]n exi/5ce has come to dep5d ^u ma*9]y 9 ne>ly e direction1 b ! ma*9es !mselves rema9 z a rule f> m wond]ful ?+s ?an ! ?+s !y produce1 & ! less ma*9]y has to d ) art ! bett]4 ,ma*9]y has be5 call$ lab\r-sav+1 b ! imm$iate result ( its introduction has be5 to ?r[ p out ( "w--lab\r-sav+ 9 ! s5se ( tak+ _! "w f !m1 or ! bread out ( _! m\?s4 ,pr(it-mak+ be+ ! real object ( mod]n manufacture1 ! *eap5+ ( ! co/ ( production becomes m important ?an human lives4 ,ev]y?+ appe>s to be sacrific$ to ! ,molo* ( ,trade1 :i*1 accord+ to our public m51 is ! "o object ( a nation's life4 ,yet trade on ! competitive sy/em is dev\r+ itself--or be+ dev\r$ by monopoly1 :i* aga9 dev\rs ! p4 ,!re seems "s dang] ( humanity be+ consid]$ to exi/ = trade & n trade = ! s]vice ( humanity4 ,! old idea ( a self-support+ c\ntry produc+ ! necessities ( life = its own use seems only appreciat$ by ,sociali/s4 ,^! ?\ghts br+ "o to t aspect ( art ,i spoke ( at ! outset1 z ! s]vant or slave ( comm]ce & indu/ry4 ,until ! revival ( design & h&icraft 9 ?is c\ntry dur+ ! la/ tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s1 decorative design1 despite a few di/+ui%$ arti/s1 su* z ,alfr$ ,/ev5s1 might c]ta9ly be describ$ z ! slave ( comm]ce1 & ev5 n[ ! reviv]s ( design & h&icraft are n altoge!r free f ! dang] ( be+ dev\r$ by comm]cial me?ods4 ,h[ev]1 a prote/ has be5 made1 ! h& & ! bra9 h ass]t$ !mselves2 a new /&>d 9 ! decorative arts has be5 set up1 & s9ce ! "t ( ,william ,morris & 8 gr\p ( pione]s1 _m ,engli% arti/s & craftsm5 h %[n t !y h successfully reviv$ & c d beautiful "w 9 _m =gott5 crafts4 ,9 f\nd+ ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society we desir$ to give opportunities ( p]sonal di/9ction = arti/ic "w 9 design & craftsman%ip1 to put design]s & craftsm5 9 ! same position z o!r arti/s1 su* z pa9t]s & sculptors1 be=e ! public 9 ?is respect by giv+ ! names ( all responsible executants ( a "w4 ,"h1 aga91 trade int]e/s & competitive comm]ce h be5 aga9/ u1 al?\gh comm]ce has n be5 sl[ to imitate or adapt "s ( ! ideas 9 ta/e & design discov]$ 9 our exhibitions4 ,h[ev]1 ! movem5t has spread all ov] ! c\ntry1 ,arts & ,crafts ,societies & ,exhibitions fl\ri% ev]y:]e1 & ! art s*ools ( ! c\ntry h be5 l>gely reorganiz$ & craft classes e/abli%$ 9 connection ) design4 ,aft] _m ye>s' "w "s ( u ?9k t s rem>kable a movem5t might atta9 some?+ l national recognition1 & its progress or p]man5ce n be left to dep5d ^u ! ef=ts ( a few h>d-work+ arti/s1 ) ev]-dim9i%+ opportunities = exhibition1 9 ! abs5ce ( a suitable build+4 ,pa9t+ & sculpture1 & 9 a less] degree ar*itecture1 are (ficially recogniz$ & h\s$ r5t free at ,burl+ton ,h\se4 ,:y %\ld ! decorative arts h n[h]e to lay _! heads8 ,aft] all1 x is ^! arts1 intimately connect$ z !y are ) a p's daily life & well-be+1 t may be said to be really ( m imm$iate consequ5ce ?an :at are call$ ! ,f9e ,arts4 ,?\gh1 p]sonally1 ,i d n admit ! ju/ice ( ! di/9ction usually accept$ betwe5 ,f9e & ,decorative or ,indu/rial ,art4 ,art is a language--( _m dialects x may be1 b its greatness mu/ n be measur$ by in*es1 or ! p[] or beauty ( its ?\ghts & conceptions det]m9$ by ! mat]ial or me?od ( _! expression4 ,! _s ( art1 imag9ation1 romance1 & ! s5se ( beauty may inspire ! small] accessories ( life z !y may ! l>g]4 ,x is n a "q ( size or quantity1 x is a "q ( quality4 ,z reg>ds ! art s*ools ( ! c\ntry1 bo? /ate-aid$ & municipal1 :atev] _! %ortcom+s1 x is only fair to say t !y h be5 f _! e/abli%m5t ! only means1 outside ! ef=ts ( individual arti/s1 ( ma9ta9+ a /&>d ( arti/ic ta/e & accompli%m5t 9 decorative art1 z di/9ct f ! influ5ces ( trade & fa%ion4 ,x has (t5 be5 made a reproa* t !y h n be5 9 clos] t\* & association ) ! indu/ries ( ! c\ntry1 b s*ools ( art & te*nology _c be turn$ into factories ) ! sole object ( supply+ ! imm$iate dem&s ( ephem]al fa%ion--(t5 trivial & vulg>4 ,?is w\ld only end 9 ! rais+ ( a crop ( n>r[ speciali/s1 incapable ( produc+ m ?an "o sort ( ?+1 to be exploit$ by comm]ce1 & unemploy$ :5 ! boom 0 ov]4 ,! bus9ess ( a s*ool ( art is to tra9 capable design]s & craftsm51 compet5t bo? to practise & to tea*4 ,! progress1 bo? 9 ta/e & accompli%m5t1 %[n by ! works exhibit$ e ye> 9 ! national competition "u ! auspices1 fir/ ( ! old ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t & n[ ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 is mo/ rem>kable & /rik+1 especially to "o :o c look back tw5ty or ?irty ye>s4 ,yet we are /ill )\t a prop] build+ 9 :i* to %[ ^! works1 :i* are g5]ally h\s$ 9 tempor>y %$s 9 an out-(-!-way corn]1 & consequ5tly attract little public att5tion4 ,turn+ n[ to ! m !oretical side ( art1 & reg>d+ its g5]al purport & social influ5ce1 x w\ld appe> z ?\gh e age--"o might almo/ say ea* g5]ation--dem&$ a diff]5t int]pretation ( life & nature1 be+ inspir$ by diff]5t ideals2 = ! =ms ( art dep5d ^u ! aims & ideals 9 ! m9d ( arti/s1 :o are b *ildr5 ( _! age & reflect its ?\ght & s5tim5t4 ,pictorial art be+ ! mo/ popul> because m intimate1 direct1 & imm$iately conc]n$ ) ! aspects ( life1 is p]haps m s5sitive to su* *anges ( ?\ght & s5tim5t ?an o!r =ms ( art4 ,?is acc\nts 9 a great measure = ! con/antly-%ift+ po9t ( view ( ! pa9t] 9 deal+ ) ! aspects ( nature1 = in/ance1 if we comp>e ! "w ( "o age1 or "o s*ool ) ano!r1 or exam9e ! diff]5ces ( treatm5t by diff]5t individual arti/s4 ,:]eas religion1 & ! beauty & spl5d\r ( life h ( old l>gely inspir$ pa9t]s1 n[adays x seems z if ! int]e/ 0 c5tr$ ^u ! wond] & dramatic v>iety ( ! _w1 ! aspects ( life 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 vivid & in/antane\s pres5tm5t1 individual impressions1 snap-%ots ( nature4 ,no d\bt ! photograph has _h a great influ5ce bo? ^u pa9t]s & ! public4 ,! public eye mu/ be l>gely influ5c$ by ! photograph1 b ! photograph 9 ! h&s ( "s ( its pr(essors has lately tak5 to imitate ! effects & me?ods ( arti/s4 ,s t x is turn & turn ab\t4 ,! object ( pa9t+ h[ev] is n illusion1 o!rwise1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! c9ematograph & its m>vell\s liv+ & mov+ transcripts f nature1 z pres5t$ 9 ! fasc9at+ picture !atres1 pa9t+ w\ld h no *ance1 = ev5 col\r is sometimes giv54 ,b1 h[ev] wond]ful1 x is sci5tific me*anism & n art4 ,! true prov9ce ( pa9t+ is unt\*$1 our national gall]ies h n lo/ _! attraction1 & are n old ma/]s m valuable ?an ev]8 ,! v illusory p[]s ( photography s]ve to def9e ! true sph]e ( art1 :i* is a product ( ! human m9d z well z ( ! eye & h&4 ,!re is ano!r =m ( pictorial appeal :i* has1 ow+ to ! association ( art ) comm]cial ent]prise1 atta9$ su* va/ proportions z to c\nt z a popul> education ( ! eye--= good or = evil4 ,i mean ! pictorial po/]1 :i* might be said to be ! mo/ orig9al fl\ri%+ & vigor\s type ( popul> art exi/+1 & ! only popul> =m ( mural pa9t+4 ,its too frequ5t banality & vulg>ity are to be deplor$1 b to a great ext5t !y are insep>able f ! conditions ( ! exi/5ce ( ! po/]2 b und\bt$ly !re is a great am\nt ( arti/ic ability employ$ 9 ^! designs1 :i* (t5 %[1 too1 ! great res\rces ( mod]n col\r-pr9t+4 ,x is "p ( ! wa/efulness ( our sy/em t s mu* skill1 tal5t1 & lab\r %\ld be sp5t on su* ephem]al purposes & plac$ 9 su* incongru\s positions & injuri\s juxtapositions1 (t5 appe>+ 9 ! mass z a sort ( /ick+-pla/] ( v>i$ col\r ^u ! doleful face ( a d+y /reet4 ,! same ability "u diff]5t influ5ces & inspir$ by diff]5t ideals might s]ve to make eloqu5t ! b>e walls ( our s*ools & public build+s ) pa9t$ hi/ories & leg5ds ( our c\ntry & race1 :i* might fo/] ! public _s ( our future citiz5s4 ,e t[n %\ld h its hi/ory pa9t$ 9 its ,t[n ,hall--z ,man*e/] has done 9 t wond]ful s]ies ( mural pictures by ,madox ,br[n4 ,!re might be competitions 9 s*emes ( decoration & mural design ( ?is sort among ! /ud5ts ( ! local art s*ools4 ,is ?is an ideal8 ,well1 aft] all1 ! great ?+ is to h an ideal1 an ideal1 too1 may be ( enorm\s practical value1 = x is capable ( inspir+ m5 to accompli% great works :i* !y w\ld nev] h t\*$ )\t su* a /imulus4 ,e great "w1 e great a*ievem5t 9 art1 9 social s]vice--9 all human ef=t1 has be5 ! result ( an ideal 9 ! m9d1 a vision1 a lamp1 a tor* t has light$ ! pa? t has enabl$ its be>] to cle> away (t5 app>5tly insup]able difficulties & atta9 ! goal4 ,nor is ! possession ( an ideal less necess>y to a p--! nation collectively--?an x is to ! individual if real progress is to be made4 ,f ideals 9 art we are l$ to ideals 9 life & to ! greate/ art ( all--,! art ( ,life4 ,an ideal ( national life :i* w\ld give purpose & impetus & unity to all social ef=ts at amelioration1 some?+ beyond ! /rife ( p>ties1 p]sonal jeal\sies1 & p>liam5t>y manoeuvres4 ,su* an ideal may be f\nd 9 t gr[+ conception ( ! new age we are ent]+ ( a true co-op]ative commonweal?1 :5 ! public good1 be+ ! ma9 motive1 all ?+s t add to ! beauty1 heal?1 dignity1 & com=t ( our cities1 w\ld be consid]$ z ( ! fir/ importance1 & :51 :ile our anci5t hi/ory & monum5ts %\ld be pres]v$1 natural gr[? & expansion %\ld n be imp$$2 a /ate :]e9 e citiz51 e man & woman w\ld f9d a useful & cong5ial sph]e ( "w1 & ea* & all w\ld be prep>$ to d _! "p 9 ! s]vice ( ! community1 secure ( a place at life's table1 :5 fri5dly emulation %\ld take ! place ( cut-?roat competition2 :5 e "m & e *ild w\ld be c>$ =1 & !re w\ld be ample provision = old age4 ,lab\r be+ s organiz$ t !re w\ld be nei!r ov]work nor unemploym5t1 :ile !re rema9$ abundant leisure = ! cultivation ( ! arts & sci5ces & ! pleasures ( life--pov]ty be+ unkn[n1 & disease conqu]$ by k & en=cem5t ( ! laws ( heal?2 dea? itself fac$ ) calmness or fe>lessly met at ne$ 9 ! s]vice or def5ce ( ! community4 ,,! ,,apo!osis ,,( ,,! ,,butt]fly ,illu/ration ,,! ,,apo!osis ,,( ,,! ,,butt]fly#aa ,! _w1 x has be5 said1 takes a man at 8 own valuation1 &1 c]ta9ly x seems to h accept$ ev5 ,:i/l]1 at la/1 at 8 own by no means mode/ e/imate1 & 9 ! comm]cial s5se1 inde$1 to h consid]ably exce$$ x4 ,x is true t ,:i/l] _h1 z an orig9al arti/1 to pass ?r\gh ! usual /ages ( neglect & contumely4 ,x is only ! common exp]i5ce ( :at is call$ g5ius1 albeit v>i$ & complicat$ 9 8 case by 8 combative & :imsical p]sonality4 ,:at a pity x is t !re are no means ( obta9+ a j & sob] e/imate ( an arti/'s p[]s 7z well z a sympa!tic "o7 except by ! long wait necess>y = ! v]dict ( t ,c\rt ( ,f9al ,appeal--,"t4 ,at pres5t ! sy/em seems to be1 9 ! case ( any "o :o %[s individuality or indep5d5ce 9 art1 at fir/ to ridicule1 und]rate1 or abuse4 ,if ! innovator survives ?is process--well1 ! impression ga9s gr\nd t !re mu/ be some?+ 9 him1 &1 if he c only /ruggle on long en\gh1 & keep 8 head above wat]1 ! tide may turn 9 8 fav\r--ev5 to su* an ext5t1 sometimes1 z to c>ry ! g5ius on ! top ( x to q ! o!r extreme ( laudatory appreciation1 :i* may l& him ev5tually 9 almo/ z dang]\s a position1 z reg>ds 8 arti/ic safety1 z t 9 :i* he 0 fir/ discov]$4 ,betwe5 ! bitt]ness ( 8 enemies & ! extravagant eulogies ( 8 fri5ds1 x becomes almo/ z difficult = an arti/ to f9d 8 real latitude & longitude z = a %ip 9 a fog4 ,/ill m s = o!r navigators on critical seas anxi\s to take 8 true be>+s4 ,well1 ,! ,butt]fly is caught at la/6 ,we h him 9 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,p5nell's two sumptu\s volumes1 p9n$ d[n1 z x 71 9 a glass case1 8 natural hi/ory fully acc\nt$ =1 bo? z an arti/ & z a man4 ,we c /udy ! ,:i/l]ian g5ius 9 its v>i\s /ages1 f cat]pill> to *rysalis1 up to :5 x flutt]s gaily ov] ev]ybody & ev]y?+ 9 ! g>d5 ( life--a butt]fly ) ! /+ ( a wasp6 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,/udy ,,( ,,:i/l] ,,by ,,himself4 7,f a black & :ite draw+47 ,! au?ors h inde$1 9 a lit]>y s5se1 adopt$ ! pre-,raphaelite me?ods1 to :i* 9 art !y appe> to be oppos$1 9 pa9t+ _! lit]>y portrait ( ! great ,impressioni/4 ,no "o w d\bt ! pati5ce1 c>e1 & zeal ) :i* !y h c>ri$ out ! "w1 or ! devot$ loyalty ( _s 9 :i* :at 0 evid5tly reg>d$ z a sacr$ tru/ has be5 fulfill$2 b 9 _! natural anxiety to give full relief to ! portrait ( _! h]o & idol1 ! au?ors h n always be5 able to be fair to "s ( 8 contempor>ies or pr$ecessors1 or to o!r =ms ( art ?an ^? :i* he practis$1 & !y are apt to become a little extravagant 9 _! t]ms4 ,to ass]t1 = in/ance1 t ,:i/l] 0 ! greate/ arti/ & mo/ rem>kable p]sonality ( ! n9ete5? c5tury is a little tall2 b no d\bt ! au?ors did n wi%1 any m ?an ,mr4 ,w$more1 to und]/ate4 ,! ins]tion ( ! little words "o ( 9 ! above-quot$ s5t5ce w\ld h be5 advisable1 consid]+ ! numb] ( rem>kable p]sonalities & arti/s ! n9ete5? c5tury produc$4 ,?is pres5tation ( ,:i/l] dom9at+ & ov]topp+ ev]ybody rem9ds "o ( ! me?od ( ! mural arti/s ( anci5t ,egypt1 :o1 9 ord] to glorify _! k+s & impress behold]s ) 8 p[]s1 repres5t$ ! mon>* z a gigantic figure clut*+ a h&ful ( dim9utive enemies trembl+ 9 8 grasp1 :ile he fl\ri%es 8 sword ov] _! heads4 ,x is1 p]haps1 "o ( life's little ironies t ,:i/l]1 :o ma9ta9$ 9 8 ,t5 o'clock philosophy t ! arti/1 l ! unexpect$1 always happ5s1 & :o took a purely individuali/ic view ( arti/ic hi/ory %\ld be at la/ fully acc\nt$ = on evolution>y pr9ciples4 ,x seems /range t he1 :o app>5tly held t arti/s occurr$ accid5tally "h & !re 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w--l v sp>+ currants 9 a suet pudd+1 ! pudd+1 or public1 be+ always ( ! same mat]ials1 equally /odgy1 indiff]5t1 or ignorant z to art--t ,:i/l]1 :o might almo/ be describ$ z ! arti/ ( accid5t1 %\ld be portray$ 9 m9ute detail "u ! gl>e ( ! limelight1 & %[n 9 relation to1 & acc\nt$ = by1 8 h]$ity & environm5t4 ,a memb] ( a mo/ respectable family 7l ,! ,newcomes7 hail+ orig9ally f ! ,isl&]s he pr(ess$ to hate1 we may trace ! orig9s ( 8 p]sonal *>act]i/ics1 ! g]ms ( 8 developm5t & ! f\ndations ( 8 art4 ,8 ma/]y 9 et*+1 = in/ance 7p]haps de/9$ to be consid]$ ! /ronge/ & mo/ endur+ side ( 8 art71 _h its roots 9 ! te*nical exp]i5ce & tra9+ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,coa/ ,survey4 ,x is to be regrett$ t x 0 n f\nd possible to include lat] illu/rations ( 8 et*$ plates 9 ! book1 z1 ) ! exception ( ! pa/els & wat] col\rs & ! e>li] pictures1 ! reproductions g5]ally lose mu* ( ! *>m1 ) ! col\r1 ( ! orig9als1 & mo/ ( _! atmosph]e4 ,:i/l] 9 himself furni%es ano!r illu/ration ( ! diff]5t side ( 8 nature an arti/ (t5 pres5ts 9 8 s]i\s "w f t usually p]ceiv$ 9 him1 by ! _w 9 g5]al1 z a man4 ,if no?+ ( 8 self-ass]tive1 combative1 cau/ic & :imsical p]sonality _h be5 kn[n1 su* traits c\ld h>dly h be5 suspect$ 9 ! possessor ( ! ref9$ ta/e1 ! delicate ju/ness ( tone1 ! some:at au/]e & re/ra9$ decorative s5se comb9$ ) a c]ta9 poetic vagu5ess1 :i* g5]ally *>act]ize 8 works4 ,! "w ( ,:i/l] at diff]5t p]iods ( 8 life also illu/rates ! curi\s fact t arti/s ( ! mo/ pron\nc$ individuality ( /yle & me?od (t5 %[ h[ /rongly !y may become influ5c$ by ! "w ( o!rs4 ,:at ,:i/l]'s art w\ld h be5 _h he nev] se5 ! "w ( ,c\rbet1 ( ,velasquez1 ( ,fant91 ( ,alb]t ,moore1 & ( ! ,japanese1 :o c say8 ,! p[] ( assimilation itself may be an attribute ( g5ius1 & x is n s mu* :at he may h absorb$1 or f :at s\rce he may h d]iv$ sugge/ions1 z :at use an arti/ makes ( 8 d]ivations t really matt]s4 ,! fir/ "t ,i saw ,:i/l]'s "w 0 9 ! old rooms ( ! ,royal ,academy :5 t ,in/itution %>$ ! ,gall]y 9 ,trafalg> ,squ>e ) ! ,national ,collection1 & ! old ma/]s & ! mod]ns 7 next-door neighb\rs4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 obscure d5 op5+ out ( a passage betwe5 two ( ! pr9cipal picture gall]ies1 nam$ ! ,octagon ,room1 almo/ z d>k z a cell>1 b x 0 "h t ,:i/l]'s e>ly & wond]ful et*+s ( ! ,?ames side fir/ saw ! light--su* z x 06 9 ! sixties4 ,i well rememb]1 too1 8 e>ly pictures1 :i* also fir/ appe>$ 9 ! ,royal ,academy exhibitions 9 ! ,trafalg> ,squ>e rooms4 ,! quiet p[]1 ri* tone1 & di/9ction ( ,at ! ,piano1 9 #ahfj2 ! picture ( a rocky sea%ore ) a figure ( a fi%]-girl ly+ on ! s& 7,! ,coa/ ( ,brittany1 #ahfb71 sky$1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 :i*1 ,mr4 ,p5nell says1 might h be5 sign$ by ,c\rbet2 ! lady 9 a ,japanese robe pa9t+ a blue pot 7,! ,lange ,leiz5--( ! ,six ,m>ks1 #ahfd72 ,i recall ! /rik+ effect ( ^! works among ! commonplaces ( ! usual mix$ exhibition4 ,!y /ruck new notes4 ,i also rememb] ! ,wapp+1 ,! ,?ames 9 ,ice1 ,! ,music ,room1 & ,! ,little ,:ite ,girl1 all ( :i* 7 exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 ! e>ly sixties4 ,^! impress$ me m ?an any o!r1 or lat]1 ( ,:i/l]'s works4 ,all ! above-m5tion$ e>ly pictures are reproduc$ 9 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,p5nell's book1 &1 to my m9d1 !y /ill hold _! place z ! /ronge/ & mo/ int]e/+ ( ! works ( ! arti/ 9 pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,r4 ,annan & ,sons1 photo ,,! ,,?ames ,,9 ,,ice4 ,lat]1 too1 visitors to ! w9t] exhibitions ( oil pictures at ! ,dudley ,gall]y 7 surpris$ by c]ta9 ,nocturnes1 visions ( ! ,?ames 9 mi/y twilight ) %ad[y bridges & gho/ly figures & glid+ b>ges1 illum9at$ by tw9kl+ gold5 lights2 ^! 7 set 9 m\ld$ frames ( unusual ref9em5t1 9 gre5 & o!r tones ( gold to suit ! key ( col\r 9 ! picture1 & pa9t$ on ! flat ) decorative patt]ns ( a ,japanese "* 9 dull blue1 includ+ a my/]i\s unit ( patt]n or m>k1 aft]w>ds kn[n z ,! ,butt]fly1 & us$ z a signature ^u all ,:i/l]'s works4 ,!n !re 0 a "o man %[ 9 a gall]y 9 ,pall ,mall 7,no4 #dh71 opposite ,m>lbor\gh ,h\se1 9 :i* ,old ,batt]sea ,bridge1 ,nocturne 9 blue & gold loom$ l>ge1 ,i rememb]1 & ! t[n 0 surpris$ by some?+ fre% 9 ! decorative arrangem5t ( ! exhibition1 yell[ & gray pr$om9at+1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 reliev$ ) blue pots & palms4 ,?is is m5tion$ 9 ! ,life at p4 #agi4 ,!n came ! fam\s ,peacock ,room 9 ,pr9ce's ,gate1 :i* *iefly su/a9s ,:i/l]'s repute z :at "o may call a practical decorator4 ,x is to be deplor$ t ! room itself 0 n m beautiful 9 /ructure & arrangem5t1 cut up z x 0 ) fidgetty details1 ) p5dants f ! ceil+ & %elves = *9a4 ,/ill1 ( c\rse1 ! bus9ess ( a decorator is to adapt 8 s*eme to ! place decorat$1 & c]ta9ly ?is 0 done q ?or\ghly by ,:i/l]1 & ! blue & gold s*eme 0 work$ out v consi/5tly & +5i\sly ^u ! !me ( ! peacock4 ,x seems r pitiful to read ( ! mis]able squabbles ov] ! money1 & ! p]sonalities & petty spite1 h[ev] season$ ) ! wit ( ! arti/1 :i* seem$ to raise a cl\d ( du/ ar\nd e transaction 9 :i* ,:i/l] 0 conc]n$4 ,a little lat]1 at ! ,grosv5or ,gall]y 9 #ahgg1 he is 9 ! limelight aga91 & ?is "t is fall5 f\l ( by ,john ,rusk94 ,mu* z "o may owe to t great writ]1 & :ile1 h[ev] biass$ or occasionally mi/ak51 ! :olesome & ennobl+ influ5ce ( 8 "w on ! :ole mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 !re c\ld be no ju/ification = 8 v injudici\s & uncritical pron\ncem5t ^u t nocturne ( ,:i/l]'s1 b x only meant t ,rusk91 z might be suppos$1 0 utt]ly out ( sympa?y ) t =m ( art1 & did n und]/& x4 ,yet great z 0 ! provocation1 x w\ld surely h be5 m dignifi$ = ! arti/ attack$ to h let ! words recoil ^u ! writ]1 & to h confid5tly await$ ! v]dict ( "t1 r ?an to h dragg$ ! matt] into a law-c\rt to be made game ( by c\nsel1 judge1 & jury1 an utt]ly incompet5t tribunal to =m any s]i\s op9ion ^u a "q ( art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,panels ,,f ,,! ,,peacock ,,room4 ,"o feels1 h[ev]1 to a nature l ,:i/l]'s1 ! sort ( notoriety :i* su* situations give to ! pr9cipals _h a di/9ct attraction1 add$ to ! fight+ in/9ct :i* possess$ him4 ,f ?is "t onw>d ?is attraction seems to h gr[n m & m p[]ful & to h influ5c$ ! life & "w ( ! arti/ 9 any?+ b a =tunate way1 & x becomes fatigu+ to foll[ ! c\rse ( ! cont9ual brawls 9 :i* he 0 involv$4 ,he 0 a conspicu\s figure at ! ,grosv5or ,gall]y private views 9 ! e>ly days1 ) 8 :ite lock & 8 long w&1 b ,i nev] got fur!r ?an a slight acqua9tance ) him1 p]sonally1 :i* may h be5 z mu* my fault 7or mis=tune7 z 84 ,:5 we come to 8 ,t5 o'clock1 9 :i* ,:i/l] gives u 8 philosophy ( art1 we f9d 8 views1 *>act]i/ically1 int5sely individuali/ic4 ,p]iod1 traditions1 gradual evolution 9 art & arti/s1 are no?+ to him4 ,x is always ! "o man %[1 a purely p]sonal view ( art1 f ! fir/ et*] on a cave-bone to ,rembr&t4 ,! arti/ is always an accid5t4 ,8 pr$ecessors or 8 contempor>ies are no?+4 ,h]$ity & environm5t1 economic & social conditions1 are ( no acc\nt4 ,race or c\ntry don't matt]4 ,! inspiration ( symbol & /ory is ignor$ or despis$ z lit]>y4 ,! unify+ & ennobl+ influ5ce ( ar*itecture1 ! co-op]ation ( ! crafts1 ! associat$ *a9 ( human endeav\r & exp]im5t 9 ! arts1 :i* l9k ! ages toge!r1 & f9d _! highe/ expression 9 great public monum5ts1 d n int]e/ him app>5tly4 ,art happ5$4 ,?is is z mu* z to say "o is only conc]n$ ) ! fl[]1 & ! roots1 ! soil f :i* x spr+s or ! evolution ( ! plant itself are matt]s ( no acc\nt6 ,?us ! individuali/ic arti/ kicks away ! ladd] by :i* he arriv$ & expects ! /age to be cle>$ = him4 ,ah1 well1 ,t5 o'clock suit$ ! h\r1 ! audi5ce1 & ! man4 ,x w\ld be too mu* to expect brilliant arti/s & witty inv5tors ( bons mots1 or butt]flies to be pr(\nd philosoph]s z well4 ,9 _m ways ,:i/l]1 ?\gh di/9ctly a decorative arti/1 0 ! complete anti!sis ( ,william ,morris4 ,mr4 ,p5nell makes a true rem>k 9 8 book 9 speak+ ( ,:i/l]'s ideas 9 decoration :5 he says 7p4 #bba1 vol4 i73 ,col\r = him 7,:i/l]71 0 z mu* decoration z patt]n 0 = ,william ,morris4 ,"o w\ld be incl9$ h[ev] to qualify ?is by say+ t ,:i/l]'s ma9 pr9ciple 9 decoration1 9 :i* he %[$ a f9e ta/e1 0 by tones ( col\r2 especially 0 he successful 9 ! *oice ( pale delicate tones4 ,:i/l] appeals to "o z a great craftsman 9 tone1 r ?an z a col\ri/4 ,z a pa9t] 8 mo/ di/9ctive & orig9al works w always be 8 nocturnes1 &1 ( 8 portraits 7:i*1 h[ev]1 he (t5 treat$ z l&scapes7 8 fame seems likely *iefly to re/ ^u ^? ( 8 ,"m & ,c>lyle4 ,! picture ( ,:i/l] himself1 ( 8 "* z a man1 :i* ?is book reveals--9 spite ( "s reliev+ t\*es--is n an attractive "o4 ,"o c only feel sorry t s g5u9e an arti/ 0 s consum$ by 8 own op9ion ( himself1 & wa/$ s mu* "t & en]gy 9 litigation1 & t he c\ld /oop to be pr(essor ( ! g5tle art ( mak+ enemies or glory 9 ! di/9ction ( be+ a pa/-ma/] 9 ! craft ( los+ fri5ds4 ,/ill1 he f\ght ! ,phili/9es4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,p5nell's book is admirably done & well illu/rat$1 & x appe>s moreov] 9 a =m--clad 9 an arrangem5t ( br[n1 yell[1 & gold--su* z might h be5 approv$ by its fa/idi\s subject4 ,! book is pepp]$ ) ,:i/l]'s sm>t rep>tees & say+s2 ( ! latt] ! foll[+ dictum /rikes me z rem>kably true & s\nd3 ,pov]ty may induce indu/ry1 b x does n produce ! f9e fl[] ( pa9t+4 ,! te/ is n pov]ty1 x's money4 ,give a pa9t] money & see :at he w d3 if he does n pa9t 8 "w is well lo/ to ! _w4 ,footnote #aa3 ,! ,life ( ,j4 ,mc,neill ,:i/l]1 by ,e4 ,r4 & ,j4 ,p5nell1 9 two volumes1 illu/rat$4 ,london3 ,william ,he9emann1 #aijh4 ,,index 7,note3 ,! ,page numb] is ! l9k to ! ref]5ce4 #abcx indicates t ! ref]5ce is only 9 ! ,footnote2 #abc1x indicates t ! ref]5ce is also 9 ! ,footnote74 ,anci5t ,build+s1 ,society = ! ,protection (1 #db1 #dc1 #bag4 ,animals1 treatm5t (1 9 art1 #ahe-bjd4 ,ar*itecture1 mod]n dome/ic1 #dh2 arts alli$ to1 #abe-adf2 ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 #bbe-bbg4 ,art education1 #ef1 #eg1 #ajg-aaj1 #aad1 #aae1 #bdb-bde1 #bej4 ,art1 /udy & practice (1 #aje-abb2 ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 #bbc-bcg4 ,art ,n\veau1 ,l'1 #bcb4 ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society1 !1 #bh1 #fg1 #fh1 #gj1 #ga1 #ie1 #if1 #bcj1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,art ,work]s' ,guild1 !1 #ei1 #fj1 #gj1 #ic4 ,assyrian art1 animals 91 #ahg1 #ahh1 #aij4 ,a!ns1 ar*itecture (1 #abf4 ,ball1 ,john1 #da4 ,bates1 ,h>ry1 #fa1 #bbh4 ,bell1 ,r4 ,ann+1 #acd4 ,bellamy1 ,edw>d1 8 ,look+ ,backw>d1 #aj1 #aa1 #bad4 ,b5son1 ,frank1 #bcf4 ,b9yon1 ,laur5ce1 #fe4 ,birm+ham1 ,/4 ,philip's1 #bi4 ,blake1 ,william1 #bbh4 ,bokh>a1 embroid]y f1 #aed1 #aee4 ,brangwyn1 ,frank1 #ib4 ,br[n1 ,=d ,madox1 #ag1 #bh1 #ib1 #bcj1 #bec4 ,br[n1 ,pr(4 ,fr$]ick1 #ib4 ,bull51 ,w5twor?1 #be4 ,burges1 ,william1 #ej1 #ea1 #bbg4 ,burne-,jones1 ,sir ,edw>d1 #ae1 #be1 #bf1 #bh1 #cf1 #cg1 #fa1 #bcj4 ,burne-,jones1 ,lady1 #bi4 ,butt]field1 ,william1 #bbg4 ,cambridge1 ,jesus ,college1 #bh4 ,canova1 ,antonio1 #bbg4 ,c>lisle1 ,e>l (1 #ae4 ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #ba1 #dj1 #bac4 ,c5n9i1 ,c5n9o1 8 ,trattato1 #afd-agf4 ,c5tury ,guild1 !1 #fg4 ,*9ese art1 #fc1 #fe1 #bca4 ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute1 !1 #fg4 ,claus51 ,george1 #fi1 #ib4 ,clay1 modell+ 91 #ade4 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 mosaic floor = bank at1 #acb4 ,cobd5-,s&]son1 ,t4 ,j41 #bhb1 #cd4 ,coire1 gesso "w at1 #afd4 ,c\rbet1 ,gu/ave1 #bfd1 #bfe4 ,c[p]1 ,f4 ,cadogan1 #ghd4 ,crane1 ,walt]1 8 designs = ,! ,glitt]+ ,pla91 #cf2 associat$ ) ! proposal = a ,national ,exhibition ( ! ,arts1 #fi2 ,presid5t ( ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society1 #ie2 design 9 mosaic = a bank at ,clevel&1 #acb4 ,cretan embroid]ies1 #aeb1 #aec4 ,d>ius1 frieze f palace (1 #aci4 ,day1 ,lewis ,f41 #ei4 ,de>le1 ,h41 #be4 ,draw+1 /udy (1 #bdb-bde4 ,dress1 mod]n1 #bab-bad4 ,dressl]1 ,conrad1 #aci4 ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 ,!1 #g1 #h1 #af2 project$ illu/rat$ edition1 #cg4 ,ea/lake1 ,c4 ,l41 8 ,h9ts on ,h\sehold ,ta/e1 #ec4 ,ed9burgh1 ,art ,congress at 7#ahhi71 #bi1 #gd4 ,egyptian art1 animals 91 #ahe-ahh1 #aij2 mummies1 use ( gesso on1 #ahb4 ,embroid]y1 col\r & its treatm5t1 #adi-aei4 ,eve1 ,g4 ,w41 #aib4 ,flaxman1 ,john1 #bbg4 ,flor5ce1 ,ricc>di ,*apel1 #ada4 ,=bes1 ,/anhope1 #ib4 ,=d1 ,onsl[1 #bbg4 ,furse1 ,*>les1 #ib4 ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,?omas1 #bbh4 ,gallia ,placida1 ,mausoleum (1 #acc4 ,gesso "w1 e>ly ,italian1 #acf1 #acg1 #ada1 #afc-ahb4 ,gibson1 ,john1 #bbg4 ,gilb]t1 ,alfr$1 #fa4 ,giotto1 #adj4 ,glasg[ ,s*ool1 !1 #bcb4 ,glass1 /a9$1 #bh1 #bi1 #add4 ,glitt]+ ,pla91 ,!1 #cf4 ,gozzoli1 ,b5ozzo1 #ada4 ,greek art1 animals 91 #aij-aib4 ,grosv5or ,gall]y1 !1 #fe1 #ga1 #bfh1 #bgj4 ,gwalior1 /one c>v+s ( animals at1 #aih1 #bjj-bjc4 ,hamm]smi? ,sociali/ ,society1 #bg1 #bh1b4 ,hobby ,horse1 ,!1 #fg4 ,hog>?1 ,william1 #bbh4 ,hokusai1 #fc4 ,holiday1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry1 #acd4 ,home ,arts & ,indu/ries ,association1 !1 #fg4 ,hoop]1 ,w4 ,h41 #cf4 ,horne1 ,h]b]t ,p41 #fg4 ,horniman ,museum1 mosaic design on !1 #acd4 ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 frescoes 9 !1 #ghd4 ,hughes1 ,ar?ur1 #ag4 ,hunt1 ,holman1 #di1 #fi1 #bcj4 ,indian art1 animals 91 #ahi1 #aij1 #aih1 #bjj-bjc4 ,israels1 ,joseph1 #ia4 ,jackson1 ,john1 #ajhe4 ,japanese art1 influ5ce (1 #fc-fe1 #bca2 treatm5t ( animals 91 #aih1 #aii4 ,kelmscott ,h\se1 #bg1 #bh1b4 ,kelmscott ,press1 !1 #e1 #bi1 #cd-cf4 ,l&se]1 ,sir ,edw91 #bjc4 ,lascelles1 ,frank1 #bcf4 ,la ,?angue1 ,h4 ,h41 #ib4 ,leighton1 ,"l1 #fa4 ,lev]ett1 ,ar?ur1 #cf4 ,lieb]mann1 ,max1 #ia4 ,l9dsay1 ,sir ,c\tts1 #fe4 ,liv]pool1 ,art ,congress at 7#ahhh71 #gc1 #gd4 ,london1 aspect (1 #bjg-bad2 ar*itecture (1 #bbf4 ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil1 its te*nical s*ools1 #fh1 #fi4 ,magnus1 ,sir ,philip1 #fg4 ,magnsson1 ,pr(essor1 #af4 ,man*e/]1 frescoes 9 ! ,t[n ,hall1 #bec4 ,m>lbor\gh ,college ,*apel1 decoration (1 #afh4 ,m]ton ,abbey1 #be1 #bg1 #bh1b4 ,meuni]1 ,con/ant91 #ia1 #bbh4 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 #ada4 ,mickle?waite1 ,j4 ,t41 #acb4 ,millais1 ,sir ,j4 ,e41 #bcj4 ,mill>1 ,w41 8 ,pla/]+1 #afd4 ,millet1 ,franois1 #ia4 ,moody1 ,t4 ,w41 #fc1 #ach4 ,moore1 ,alb]t1 #fa1 #bfd4 ,m1 ,sir ,?omas1 #da4 ,morgan1 ,william de1 #ee1 #aci4 ,morl&1 ,george1 #bbh4 ,morris1 ,miss ,may1 #cf4 ,morris1 ,william1 #c-dc1 #ea1 #bcj1 #bga2 8 ,socialism1 #e1 #g-ad1 #cf-da2 visit to ,icel&1 #af2 & ! arti/ic revival1 #af-bj1 #ed1 #ic-ie1 #bcb1 #bdh2 8 bir? & education1 #ba1 #bb2 exp]im5ts 9 dye+1 #bd2 weav+1 #bd-bf2 pa9t$ glass1 #bh1 #bi2 8 ,,ms4 ( ,om> ,khayym1 #bi-cc2 ! ,kelmscott ,press1 #e1 #bi1 #cd-cf2 illu/rations = ,cupid & ,psy*e1 #cg2 f\nds ! ,society = ,protection ( ,anci5t ,build+s1 #db2 8 appreciation ( hum\r1 #dd1c4 ,morris & ,co41 #ae1 #ag1 #bg1 #bh1 #ed4 ,mosaic1 m>ble1 #abi-acb2 glass1 #acb-acd2 pebble1 #acd1 #ace4 ,murray1 ,fairfax1 #bi1 #cf4 ,myc5ae1 ,cyclopean gate (1 #abf1 #aij4 ,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,art1 !1 #bi1 #gc1 #gd4 ,national ,exhibition ( ! ,arts1 propos$1 #fi4 ,new ,engli% ,art ,club1 !1 #fi4 ,news f ,n[h]e1 #e1 #aj1 #aa4 ,new ,york1 improvem5t (1 #baa1 #bab4 ,n9eveh1 wall sculptures (1 #abf1 #ahh4 ,nor!rn ,art ,work]s' ,guild1 !1 #fj4 ,om> ,khayym1 illum9at$ by ,morris1 #bi-cc4 ,ox=d1 ,exet] ,college1 #bf2 ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 #bh4 ,pageants1 #bcf4 ,p>!non1 !1 #abf4 ,peacock ,room1 !1 #bff4 ,p5nell1 ,mr4 & ,mrs41 _! ,life ( ,:i/l]1 #bei-bgb1aa4 ,petrie1 ,w4 ,m4 ,fl9d]s1 #ahb4 ,philadelphia1 art-tea*+ 91 #ajg2 mosaic alt>-piece 91 #acd4 ,photography1 influ5ce (1 #beb4 ,p9turri*io1 #ada1 #aff4 ,pisa1 ,campo ,santo1 #ada4 ,pi/oia1 #adj4 ,pla/] "w1 decorat$1 #ace1 #acf4 ,po/]1 ! mod]n1 #aaa1 #beb1 #bec4 ,po/-impressioni/s1 !1 #bcc4 ,pracatic 7,bohemia71 sgraffito designs at1 #acg1 #ach4 ,pre-,raphaelite ,bro!rhood1 !1 #dh1 #bcj4 ,pug91 ,augu/us ,w4 ,n41 #ej4 ,raphael1 #acf4 ,rav5na1 mosaics at1 #acc4 ,rep\ss "w1 #abg-acj4 ,reynolds1 ,sir ,jo%ua1 #bbh4 ,ric>do1 ,halsey1 #hi1 #aci4 ,ri*>dson1 ,h4 ,h41 #bi4 ,ri*mond1 ,sir ,w4 ,b41 #acd4 ,robbia w>e1 #adj4 ,rod91 ,augu/e1 #bbh4 ,rome1 ba?s ( ,c>acalla1 #abi-aca2 ,new ,am]ican ,*ur*1 #acd2 tombs 9 ! ,via ,lat9a1 #acf1 #afc2 ,app>tim5ti ,borgia1 #ada2 ,si/9e ,*apel1 #ada1 #aff1 #afh4 ,rossetti1 ,d4 ,g41 #af1 #bh1 #di1 #bcj4 ,royal ,academy1 !1 #fj-fb1 #fi1 #gj1 #ie1 #bdi4 ,royal ,s*ool ( ,art ,ne$lework1 !1 #fg4 ,rusk91 ,john1 #e1 #ba1 #ej1 #ic1 #bfh4 ,/4 ,paul's1 decoration (1 #acd4 ,s&ys1 ,fr$]ick1 #bcj4 ,s>na?1 sculptur$ lions f\nd at1 #ahi1 #aij4 ,s*ool ( ,art ,woodc>v+1 !1 #fg4 ,s$d+1 ,j4 ,d41 #bbg4 ,sgraffito1 #acg1 #ach4 ,%aw1 ,h5ry1 #ej2 8 ,glazi]'s ,book1 #add1h4 ,%aw1 ,norman1 #ea1 #bbg4 ,sicilian silks1 #aid-aig4 ,si5a1 frescoes 9 ! t[n hall1 #ada4 ,sigurd ! ,volsung1 #g1 #af4 ,smi?1 ,catteson1 #cf4 ,socialism1 ,morris &1 #e1 #g-ad1 #cg-db2 its inspiration 9 art1 #hc-aja4 ,society ( ,arts1 !1 #gc1 #gd4 ,solomon's temple1 #abg4 ,/anhope1 ,sp5c]1 #afh4 ,/ev5s1 ,alfr$1 #fc1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bbg1 #bdh4 ,/okes1 ,mr4 ,adrian1 #agj4 ,/reet1 ,george ,edmund1 #ba4 ,sumn]1 ,heywood1 #ach4 ,sykes1 ,godfrey1 #fc4 ,tadd1 ,lib]ty1 #ajg1e-aji4 ,te*nical ,s*ools1 #fh1 #fi1 #aad1 #aae4 ,?orvalds51 ,b]tel1 #bbg4 ,tiles1 use (1 z decoration1 #ach1 #aci4 ,t[n-plann+ ,exhibition1 !1 #fa4 ,tuke1 ,h4 ,s41 #ib4 ,turn]1 ,j4 ,m4 ,w41 #bbi4 ,van d] ,me]1 ,jan1 #aci4 ,walk]1 ,em]y1 #cd4 ,watts1 ,g4 ,f41 #fa1 #ghd4 ,webb1 ,philip1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #ea1 #bbg4 ,:i/l]1 ,j4 ,m41 #fd1 #bca2 8 ,life1 #bei1aa-bgb4 ,wolfe1 ,miss ,ca!r9e1 #bi4 ,wr\ght ,iron ,"w1 #add1 #ade4 ,illu/ration ,,books ,,= ,,collectors ,,uni=m ,,) ,,?is ,,volume ,po/ #hvo1 ) num]\s ,illu/rations ,,h[ ,,to ,,look ,,at ,,pictures4 ,by ,r4 ,c4 ,,witt1 ,m4,a4 ,six? ,edition4 ,) #dj ,illu/rations4 #es4 net4 ,a bett] gift = p :o are dimly 'fond ( pictures1' b :o regret t '!y "k no?+ ab\t !m1' c\ld n be f\nd4--,spectator4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,und]/& ,,sculpture4 ,a ,h&book = ! ,amateur4 ,by ,,m>g>et ,,?omas4 ,) #dj ,full-page ,illu/rations1 & ,photogravure ,frontispiece4 #fs4 net4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,id5tify ,,portrait ,,m9iatures4 ,by ,g4 ,c4 ,,williamson1 ,,litt4,d4 ,) ,*apt]s on ,h[ to ,pa9t ,m9iatures1 by ,,alyn ,,williams1 ,r4,b4,a41 ,a4,r4,c4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,) #dj plates illu/rat+ upw>ds ( #gj m9iatures4 #fs4 net4 ,conta9s mu* valuable in=mation = ! collector ( examples ( ?is =m ( art4 ,! book is f9ely illu/rat$1 & is enri*$ ) *apt]s expla9+ te*nicalities & describ+ ! special qualifications ( a m9iature pa9t]4--,morn+ ,po/4 ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,cam]a4 ,by ,,an?ony ,,gue/4 ,) #di ,illu/rations4 ,po/ #hvo4 #fs4 net4 ,! book _c be read )\t realization ( ! great possibilities ( photography4 ,x %\ld be /udi$ by amateurs & pr(essionals alike4--,ev5+ ,/&>d4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,id5tify ,,old ,,*9a4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,will\ghby ,,hodgson4 ,elev5? 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