,obvi\s pr9t] errors h be5 repair$1 b spell+ has n be5 /&>diz$4 ,a ,,woman',s ,,philosophy ,,( ,,woman2 ,,or ,,woman ,,affran*is$4 ,,an ,,answ] ,,to ,,mi*elet1 ,,pr\dhon1 ,,gir>d91 ,,leg\v1 ,,comte1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,mod]n ,,innovators4 ,,by ,,madame ,d',h,,ric\rt4 ,translat$ f ! la/ ,p>is ,edition ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york3 ,,c>leton1 ,,publi%]1 #dac ,,broadway4 ,m ,,dccc ,,lxiv4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahfd1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,,c>leton1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,r4 ,,craighead1 ,pr9t]1 ,/]eotyp]1 & ,electrotyp]1 ,c>ton ,build+1 #ha1 #hc1 & #he ,c5tre ,/reet4 ,,cont5ts ,,introduction #g ,,preface #i ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,mi*elet #ag ,,ii4 ,,pr\dhon #cc ,,iii4 ,,comte #aai ,,iv4 ,,leg\ve #acd ,v4 ,,de ,,gir>d9 #aee ,,vi4 ,,mod]n ,,communi/s #afg ,,vii4 ,,summ>y #bja ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,objections ,,to ,,! ,,emancipation ,,( ,,woman #baa ,,nature ,,& ,,functions ,,( ,,woman #bbd ,,love2 ,,its ,,functions ,,9 ,,humanity #bdh ,,m>riage #bgj ,,summ>y ,,( ,,propos$ ,,re=ms #bid ,,appeal ,,to ,,wom5 #cad ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,am]ican ,,edition4 ,! g5]al int]e/ ev9c$ 9 ! !ories ( ,mi*elet & o!r philosoph]s conc]n+ ! functions & prov9ce ( woman1 & ! lively opposition to ^! !ories manife/$ 9 _m qu>t]s1 h call$ =? an ,am]ican translation ( ! pres5t "w4 ,?is rem>kable book ( ,madame d',hric\rt on woman is conc$$ to be ! be/ reply to ^! philosoph]s extant4 ,! "w1 int5d$ by ! au?or z a refutation ( ! co>se indec5cy ( ,pr\dhon1 & ( ! p]fum$ pruri5cy ( ,mi*elet1 & ! o!r false fri5ds & w\ld-be *ampions ( woman1 has _h a rem>kable hi/ory4 ,publi%$ fir/ at ,brussels1 x 0 int]dict$ 9 ,france1 & notice 0 giv5 t all copies f\nd w\ld be seiz$4 ,madame d',hric\rt appeal$ to ! c5sor%ip to "k ! reason ( ?is int]diction1 & 0 in=m$ 9 reply t ! reason = su* proce$+s nev] 0 giv54 ,n cont5t ) ?is1 %e wrote to ,napoleon ,,iii1 enclos+ a copy ( ! "w1 & call$ 8 att5tion to ! fact t a book by a ,fr5* au?or c\ld be suppress$ 9 ,france )\t any reason be+ giv5 = x1 & )\t any *ance be+ (f]$ to ! au?or to cle> h]self ( ! impli$ *>ge ( immorality4 ,imm$iately ^u ! reception ( ! lett]1 ! ,emp]or )drew ! int]diction4 ,madame d',hric\rt is well kn[n 9 ,france z an able contributor to v>i\s philosophic j\rnals1 & also z a memb] ( ! m$ical pr(ession1 9 :i* %e holds a high & respect$ position4 ,h] op9ions are entitl$ to great weight1 & w be welcom$ z ?r[+ mu* light on ! practical "q ( ! sph]e ( woman1 :i* is becom+ "o ( increas+ int]e/4 ,! bett] to adapt ! book to ! ,am]ican public1 x has be5 slightly abbreviat$ 9 portions ( local int]e/1 ref]r+ *iefly to ,fr5* legislation4 ,x has be5 well receiv$ 9 ,engl&1 z is te/ifi$ by ! foll[+ extract f ! ,london ,critic1 "o ( ! able/ ( ! ,engli% critical j\rnals3 ,! "w is calculat$ to d an imm5se s]vice to ,fr5* society at ! pres5t "t--j :5 ! lit]ature ( ! c\ntry is on ! v]ge ( decay f ! rott5ness :i* is eat+ to its v core4 ',la ,femme ,affran*ie' po9ts out ! rem$y to ! social canc] :i* has gnaw$ away ! vital pr9ciple ( dome/ic life 9 ,france1 & caus$ t antagonism betwe5 ! sexes :i* =eign]s behold ) ! mo/ pr(\nd amazem5t4 ,madame d',hric\rt's bold & n]v\s argum5ts completely de/roy ! brutal commonplaces ( ,pr\dhon z reg>ds ! moral & intellectual capacity ( wom54 ,%e takes him on 8 own gr\nd1 & to 8 m$ical propositions returns m$ical objections ( f> great] weight & p[]1 be+ m compet5t to judge ! "q1 z %e has pass$ exam9ations z ',maitresse sage femme' ( ',la ,cl9ique1' & receiv$ h] diploma z m$ical practition] _m ye>s ago4 ,,au?or',s ,,preface4 ,,to ,,my ,,read]s4 ,read]s1 male & female1 ,i am ab\t to tell y ! end ( ?is book1 & ! motives :i* caus$ me to und]take x1 t y may n wa/e y\r "t 9 read+ x1 if its cont5ts are n suit$ to y\r intellectual & moral temp]am5t4 ,my end is to prove t woman has ! same rights z man4 ,to claim1 9 consequ5ce1 h] emancipation2 ,la/ly1 to po9t out to ! wom5 :o %>e my views1 ! pr9cipal measures t !y mu/ take to obta9 ju/ice4 ,! ^w emancipation giv+ room = equivocation1 let u 9 ! fir/ place e/abli% its mean+4 ,to emancipate woman is n to ackn[l$ge h] "r to use & abuse love2 su* an emancipation is only ! slav]y ( ! passions2 ! use ( ! beauty & y\? ( woman by man2 ! use ( man by woman = 8 =tune or cr$it4 ,to emancipate woman is to ackn[l$ge & decl>e h] free1 ! equal ( man 9 ! social & ! moral law1 & 9 labor4 ,at pres5t1 ov] ! :ole surface ( ! globe1 woman1 9 c]ta9 respects1 is n subject$ to ! same moral law z man2 h] *a/ity is giv5 ov] almo/ )\t re/riction to ! brutal passions ( ! o!r sex1 & %e (t5 endures alone ! consequ5ces ( a fault committ$ by bo?4 ,9 m>riage1 woman is a s]f4 ,9 public in/ruction1 %e is sacrific$4 ,9 labor1 %e is made inf]ior4 ,civilly1 %e is a m9or4 ,politically1 %e has no exi/5ce4 ,%e is ! equal ( man only :5 puni%m5t & ! paym5t ( taxes are 9 "q4 ,i claim ! rights ( woman1 because x is "t to make ! n9ete5? c5tury a%am$ ( its culpable d5ial ( ju/ice to half ! human species2 ,because ! /ate ( inf]iority 9 :i* we are held corrupts morals1 dissolves society1 det]iorates & enfeebles ! race2 ,because ! progress ( enlight5m5t1 9 :i* woman p>ticipates1 has trans=m$ h] 9 social p[]1 & because ?is new p[] produces evil 9 default ( ! good :i* x is n p]mitt$ to d2 ,because ! "t = accord+ re=ms has come1 s9ce wom5 are prote/+ aga9/ ! ord] :i* oppresses !m2 "s by disda9 ( laws & prejudices2 o!rs by tak+ possession ( conte/$ positions1 & by organiz+ !mselves into societies to claim _! %>e ( human rights1 z is done 9 ,am]ica2 ,la/ly1 because x seems to me useful to reply1 no long] ) s5tim5tality1 b ) vigor1 to ^? m5 :o1 t]rifi$ by ! emancipat+ movem5t1 call to _! aid false sci5ce to prove t woman is outside ! pale ( "r2 & c>ry indecorum & ! opposite ( c\rage1 ev5 to insult1 ev5 to ! mo/ revolt+ outrages4 ,read]s1 male & female1 sev]al ( ! adv]s>ies ( ! cause :i* ,i def5d1 h c>ri$ ! discussion into ! doma9 ( sci5ce1 & h n %runk be=e ! nudity ( biological laws & anatomical details4 ,i praise !m = x2 ! body be+ respectable1 !re is no indec5cy 9 speak+ ( ! laws :i* gov]n x2 b z x w\ld be an inconsi/5cy on my "p to believe t blamable 9 myself :i* ,i approve 9 !m1 y w n be surpris$ t ,i foll[ !m on ! gr\nd :i* !y h *os51 p]suad$ t ,sci5ce1 ! *a/e daught] ( ,?\ght1 c no m lose h] *a/ity "u ! p5 ( a pure woman ?an "u t ( a pure man4 ,read]s1 male & female1 ,i h b "o reque/ to make2 namely1 t y w p>don my simplicity ( /yle4 ,x w\ld h co/ me too mu* pa9s to write 9 ! approv$ fa%ion2 x is probable1 besides1 t ,i %\ld n h succe$$4 ,my "w is "o ( consci5ce4 ,if ,i enlight5 "s1 if ,i make o!rs reflect2 if ,i awak5 9 ! he>t ( m5 ! s5tim5t ( ju/ice1 9 t ( wom5 ! s5tim5t ( _! dignity2 if ,i am cle> to all1 fully compreh5d$ by all1 useful to all1 ev5 to my adv]s>ies1 x w satisfy me & w console me = displeas+ ^? :o love ideas only z !y love wom53 9 full dress4 ,,to ,,my ,,adv]s>ies4 ,_m among y1 g5tlem51 adv]s>ies ( ! great & holy cause :i* ,i def5d1 h cit$ me1 evid5tly )\t hav+ read me1 )\t ev5 kn[+ h[ to write my "n4 ,to su* z ^! ,i h no?+ to say1 unless t _! op9ion matt]s little to me4 ,o!rs1 :o h tak5 ! tr\ble to read my prec$+ works 9 ! ,revue ,philosophique & ! ,ragione1 accuse me ( n writ+ l a woman1 ( be+ h>%1 unsp>+ to my adv]s>ies1 no?+ b a reason+ ma*9e1 lack+ he>t4 ,g5tlem51 ,i _c write o!rwise ?an z a woman1 s9ce ,i h ! honor to be a woman4 ,if am ,i h>% & unsp>+ to my adv]s>ies1 x is because !y appe> to me to be ^? ( reason & ( ju/ice2 x is because !y1 ! /rong & well arm$1 attack h>%ly & unsp>+ly a sex :i* !y h tak5 c>e to r5d] timid & to dis>m2 x is1 9 %ort1 because ,i believe x p]fectly lawful to def5d weakness aga9/ tyranny :i* has ! audacity & insol5ce to erect itself into "r4 ,if ,i appe> to y 9 ! unattractive aspect ( a reason+ ma*9e1 is1 9 ! fir/ place1 because ,nature has made me s1 & ,i see no good reason = modify+ h] "w2 secondly1 because x is n amiss = a woman t has atta9$ majority to prove to y t h] sex1 :5 n fe>+ y\r judgm5t1 reasons z well1 &1 (t51 bett] ?an y4 ,i h no he>t1 y say4 ,i am lack+ 9 x1 p]haps1 t[>ds tyrants1 b ! conflict t ,i und]take proves t ,i am n lack+ 9 x t[>ds _! victims2 ,i h !re=e a suffici5t quantity ( x1 ! m1 inasmu* z ,i nei!r desire to please y1 nor c>e to be lov$ by any among y4 ,be advis$ by me1 g5tlem52 break y\rselves ( ! habit ( conf\nd+ he>t ) n]ves2 cease to create an imag9>y type ( woman to make x ! /&>d ( y\r judgm5t ( real wom52 x is ?us t y p]v]t y\r reason & become1 )\t wi%+ x1 ! ?+ ( all o!rs ! mo/ hateful & lea/ e/imable--tyrants4 ,,to ,,my ,,fri5ds4 ,n[ to y1 my fri5ds1 kn[n & unkn[n1 a few l9es ( ?anks4 ,y all compreh5d t woman1 z a human be+1 has ! "r to develop h]self1 & to manife/1 l man1 h] spontaneity2 ,t %e has ! "r1 l man1 to employ h] activity2 t %e has ! "r1 l man1 to be respect$ 9 h] dignity & 9 ! use :i* %e sees fit to make ( h] free w4 ,t z half 9 ! social ord]1 a produc]1 a tax-pay]1 am5able to ! laws1 %e has ! "r to c\nt z half 9 society4 ,y all compreh5d t x is 9 ! enjoym5t ( ^! v>i\s rights t h] emancipation consi/s2 n 9 ! faculty ( mak+ use ( love outside a moral law bas$ on ju/ice & self respect4 ,?anks fir/ to y1 ,ausonio ,fran*i1 ! repres5tative ( ,critical ,philosophy 9 ,italy1 a man z em95t = ! pr(undity ( y\r ideas z = ! imp>tiality & elevation ( y\r "*2 & :o s g5]\sly & s long l5t ! columns ( y\r ,ragione to my fir/ labors4 ,?anks to y1 my belov$ co-labor]s ( ! ,revue ,philosophique ( ,p>is1 ,*>les ,lemonni]1 ,massol1 ,guep91 ,bro?i]1 etc41 :o h n hesitat$ to br+ to light ! "q ( ! emancipation ( my sex2 :o h welcom$ ! works ( a woman to y\r columns ) s mu* imp>tiality1 & h on all occasions express$ = me int]e/ & sympa?y4 ,?anks to y1 9 p>ticul>1 my olde/ fri5d1 ,*>les ,fauvety1 ! indefatigable se>*] aft] tru?1 ^: elegant1 ref9$ & limpid /yle is solely & con/antly at ! s]vice ( progressive ideas & g5]\s aspirations1 z y\r ri* libr>y & y\r c\nsels are at ! s]vice ( ^? :o are seek+ to enlight5 humanity4 ,:y1 alas6 d y jo9 to s _m tal5ts & noble qualities ! fault ( always rema9+ 9 ! backgr\nd to give place to o!rs6 ,?anks to y1 ,*>les ,r5\vi]1 ! mo/ le>n$ repres5tative ( ,critical ,philosophy 9 ,france1 :o jo9 to su* pr(\nd doctr9e1 su* acute p]ception & su* sur5ess ( judgm5t2 ,i w\ld add1 su* mode/y & unpret5d+ virtue1 did ,i n "k t x displeases y to br+ y be=e ! public4 ,x is f y\r enc\ragem5t & approbation1 my fri5ds & =m] co-labor]s1 t ,i h drawn ! /r5g? necess>y to ! "w ,i am und]tak+2 x is j1 !re=e1 t ,i %\ld ?ank y 9 ! pres5ce ( all4 ,x is equally j t ,i %\ld publicly express my gratitude to ! ,italian1 ,engli%1 ,dut*1 ,am]ican & ,g]man j\rnals t h translat$ _m ( my articles2 & to ! m5 & wom5 ( ^! diff]5t c\ntries z well z ( ,france1 :o h k9dly express$ sympa?y = me1 & enc\rag$ me 9 ! /ruggle :i* ,i h und]tak5 aga9/ ! adv]s>ies ( ! rights ( my sex4 ,to y all1 my fri5ds1 bo? ,fr5*m5 & =eign]s1 ,i d$icate ?is "w4 ,may x be useful ev]y:]e 9 ! triumph ( ! lib]ty ( woman1 & ( ! equality ( all be=e ! law2 ?is is ! sole wi% t a ,fr5*woman c make :o believes 9 ! unity ( ! human family1 z well z 9 ! legitimacy ( national autonomies1 & :o loves all nations1 s9ce all are ! organs ( a s+le great body1--,humanity4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,mi*elet4 ,sev]al wom5 h %>ply criticis$ ,mi*elet's ,love4 ,:y are intellig5t wom5 ?us dissatisfi$ ) s upright a man z ,mi*elet8 ,because to him woman is a p]petual invalid1 :o %\ld be %ut up 9 a gynceum 9 company ) a dairy maid1 z fit company only = *ick5s & turkeys4 ,n[ we1 wom5 ( ! we/1 h ! audacity to cont5d t we are n invalids1 & t we h a holy horror ( ! h>em & ! gynceum4 ,woman1 accord+ to ,mi*elet1 is a be+ ( a nature opposite to t ( man2 a creature weak1 always w\nd$1 exce$+ly b>ometrical1 &1 consequ5tly1 unfit = labor4 ,%e is incapable ( ab/ract+1 ( g5]aliz+1 ( compreh5d+ consci5ti\s labors4 ,%e does n l to occupy h]self ) bus9ess1 & %e is de/itute1 9 "p1 ( judicial s5se4 ,b1 9 return1 %e is reveal$ all g5tl5ess1 all love1 all grace1 all devotion4 ,creat$ = man1 %e is ! alt> ( 8 he>t1 8 refre%m5t1 8 consolation4 ,9 h] pres5ce he ga9s new vigor1 becomes inspirit$1 draws ! /r5g? necess>y to ! accompli%m5t ( 8 high mission z work]1 creator1 organiz]4 ,he %\ld love h]1 wat* ov] h]1 ma9ta9 h]2 be at once h] fa!r1 h] lov]1 h] in/ructor1 h] prie/1 h] physician1 h] nurse1 & h] wait+-maid4 ,:51 at eighte51 a virg9 9 reason1 he>t & body1 %e is giv5 to ?is husb&1 :o %\ld be tw5ty-eight1 nei!r m nor less1 he conf9es h] 9 ! c\ntry 9 a *>m+ cottage1 at a di/ance f h] p>5ts & fri5ds1 ) ! ru/ic maid t we j m5tion$4 ,:y ?is seque/ration 9 ! mid/ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 d y ask8 ,because ! husb& c h no p[] ov] 8 wife 9 society1 & c h full p[] ov] h] 9 solitude4 ,n[1 x is necess>y t he %\ld h ?is full p[] ov] h]1 s9ce x belongs to him to =m h] he>t1 to give h] ideas1 to sket* )9 h] ! inc>nation ( himself4 ,= "k1 read]s1 t woman is de/9$ to reflect h] husb&1 m & m1 until ! la/ %ade ( diff]5ce1 namely1 t :i* is ma9ta9$ by ! sep>ation ( ! sexes1 %all be at la/ effac$ by dea?1 & unity 9 love be ?us effect$4 ,at ! end ( half a score ye>s ( h\sekeep+1 ! wife is p]mitt$ to cross ! ?re%old ( ! gynceum1 & to ent] ! _w1 or ! great ,battle ( ,life4 ,"h %e w meet m ?an "o dang]2 b %e w escape !m all if %e keeps ! oa? %e has tak5 to make h] husb& h] confessor4444 ,x is evid5t t ,mi*elet respects ! rights ( ! s\l4 ,! husb&1 :o at ?is epo* has become absorb$ 9 8 pr(ession1 has necess>ily deg5]at$1 h5ce !re is dang] t ! wife may love ano!r2 may become enamor$1 = in/ance1 ( h] "y nephew4 ,9 ! book1 %e does n succumb1 because %e confesses ev]y?+ to h] husb&2 /ill x may happ5 t %e succumbs1 !n rep5ts1 & solicits correction f h] "l & ma/]4 ,! latt] %\ld at fir/ refuse1 b1 if %e insi/s1 r ?an drive h] to despair1 ,mi*elet--:o w\ld on no acc\nt drive a woman to despair--c\nsels ! husb& to adm9i/] to 8 wife ! *a/isem5t t mo!rs infliction inflict on _! d>l+s4 ,!re mu/ be no sep>ation betwe5 ! husb& & wife2 :5 ! latt] has giv5 h]self away1 %e is no long] h] own prop]ty4 ,%e becomes m & m ! inc>nation ( ! man :o has esp\s$ h]2 fecundation trans=ms h] into him1 s t ! *ildr5 ( ! lov] or ( ! second husb& resemble ! fir/ impregnator4 ,! husb&1 be+ t5 ye>s old] ?an ! wife1 dies fir/2 ! woman mu/ pres]ve h] wid[hood2 h] rle h5ce=? until dea? is to fructify )9 h] & ab\t h] ! ideas :i* h] husb& has bequea!d1 to rema9 ! c5t] ( 8 fri5d%ips1 to raise up to him po/hum\s disciples1 & ?us rema9 8 prop]ty until %e rejo9s him 9 dea?4 ,9 case ! husb& survives1 :i* may happ51 ! au?or does n tell u :e!r he %\ld re-m>ry4 ,probably n1 s9ce love exi/s only betwe5 two2 unless ,mi*elet1 :o reproves polygamy 9 ?is _w1 admits x z morality 9 ! life to come4 ,y see1 my read]s1 t 9 ,mi*elet's book1 woman is creat$ = man2 )\t him %e w\ld be no?+2 he x is :o pron\nces ! fiat lux 9 h] intellect2 he x is :o makes h] 9 8 image1 z ,god made man 9 8 own4 ,accept+ ! ,biblical ,g5esis1 we wom5 c appeal f ,adam to ,god2 = x 0 n ,adam1 b ,god1 :o creat$ ,eve4 ,admitt+ ! ,g5esis ( ,mi*elet1 !re is no pretext1 no excuse = disob$i5ce2 woman mu/ be subord9ate to man & mu/ yield to him1 = %e belongs to him z ! "w to ! workman1 z ! vessel to ! pott]4 ,! book ( ,mi*elet & ! two /udies ( ,pr\dhon on woman1 are b two =ms ( ! same ?\ght4 ,! sole diff]5ce t exi/s betwe5 ^! g5tlem5 is1 t ! fir/ is z sweet z honey1 & ! second z bitt] z wormwood4 ,nev]!less1 ,i pref] ! rude assailant to ! poet2 = insults & bl[s r\se u to rebel & to clamor = lib]ty1 :ile complim5ts lull u to sleep & make u weakly endure our *a9s4 ,x w\ld be some:at cruel to be h>% to ,mi*elet1 :o piques himself on love & poetry1 &1 consequ5tly1 is ?9 sk9n$2 we w !re=e ca/igate him only ov] ! %\ld]s ( ,m4 ,pr\dhon1 :o may be cannonad$ ) r$-hot %ot2 & we w cont5t ourselves ) criticis+ 9 8 book :at is n f\nd 9 t ( ,pr\dhon4 ,! two *ief pill>s ( ! book on ,love are1 ,fir/1 t woman is a w\nd$1 weak1 b>ometrical1 con/antly diseas$ be+2 ,second1 t ! woman belongs to ! man :o has fructifi$ & inc>nat$ himself 9 h]2 a proposition prov$ by ! resemblance ( ! *ildr5 ( ! wife to ! husb&1 :oev] may be ! fa!r4 ,mi*elet & 8 admir]s & disciples d n dispute t ! only good me?od ( prov+ ! tru? ( a pr9ciple1 or ! legitimat5ess ( a g5]alization1 is v]ification by facts2 nei!r d !y dispute t to make g5]al rules ( exceptions1 to create imag9>y laws1 & to take ^! pret5d$ laws = ! basis ( argum5t1 belongs only to ! ab]rations ( ! ,middle ,age1 pr(\ndly disda9$ by m5 ( e>ne/ ?\ght & sev]e reason4 ,let u apply ^! data unsp>+ly to ! two pr9cipal affirmations ( ,m4 ,mi*elet4 ,x is a pr9ciple 9 biology t no physiological condition is a morbid condition2 consequ5tly1 ! mon?ly crisis peculi> to woman is n a disease1 b a normal ph5om5on1 ! d]angem5t ( :i* causes di/urbance 9 ! g5]al heal?4 ,woman1 !re=e1 is n an invalid because h] sex is subject to a peculi> law4 ,c x be said t woman is w\nd$ because %e is subject$ to a p]iodical fracture1 ! cicatrice ( :i* is almo/ imp]ceptible8 ,by no means4 ,x w\ld be absurd to call a man p]petually w\nd$ :o %\ld take a fancy to scrat* ! end ( 8 f+] e mon?4 ,mi*elet is too well in=m$ to r5d] x necess>y = me to tell him t ! normal hemorrhage does n proce$ f ?is w\nd ( ! ov>y1 ab\t :i* he makes s mu* ado1 b f a conge/ion ( ! ge/ative organ4 ,are wom5 ill on ! recurr5ce ( ! law peculi> to _! sex8 ,v exceptionally1 yes2 b 9 ! indol5t classes1 9 :i* transgressions 9 diet1 ! lack ( an intellig5t physical education1 & a ?\s& causes :i* ,i ne$ n po9t out "h1 r5d] wom5 valetud9>ians4 ,g5]ally1 no4 ,all our vigor\s peasant wom51 our robu/ laundresses1 :o /& ! :ole "t ) _! feet 9 wat]1 our workwom51 our tradeswom51 our tea*]s1 our s]vant-maids1 :o att5d ) alacrity to _! bus9ess & pleasures1 exp]i5ce no uncom=tabl5ess1 or at mo/1 v little4 ,mi*elet1 !re=e1 has n only err$ 9 erect+ a physiological law into a morbid condition1 b he has also s9n$ aga9/ rational me?od by mak+ g5]al rules ( a few exceptions1 & by proce$+ f ?is g5]alization1 contradict$ by ! great majority ( facts1 to con/ruct a sy/em ( subjection4 ,if x is ( ! faculty ( ab/ract+ & g5]aliz+ t ,mi*elet1 z he employs x1 robs woman1 we c only congratulate h] on ! deprivation4 ,n only is woman diseas$1 says ,mi*elet1 9 consequ5ce ( a biological law1 b %e is always diseas$2 %e has ut]9e affections1 h]$it>y t5d5cies1 :i* may assume a t]rible =m 9 h] sex1 etc4 ,we w\ld ask ,mi*elet :e!r he consid]s 8 own sex z always diseas$ because x is corrod$ by canc]1 disfigur$ by eruptions1 tortur$ z mu* z ours by h]$it>y t5d5cies2 = h]$it>y t5d5cies torture x z mu* z ours1 & x is decimat$ & enfeebl$ f> m fe>fully by %ameful diseases1 ! fruits ( its excesses4 ,( :at1 !n1 is ,mi*elet ?9k+1 9 lay+ su* /ress on ! diseases ( wom5 9 ! face ( ! q z num]\s diseases ( m58 ,! wife %\ld nev] be divorc$ or re-m>ry1 because %e has become ! prop]ty ( ! husb&4 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact t ! *ildr5 ( ! lov] or ( ! second husb& resemble ! fir/ husb&4 ,if ?is is true1 !re are no *ildr5 t resemble _! "m4 ,!re are no *ildr5 t resemble ! prog5itors or collat]al relatives ( _! p>5ts4 ,e *ild resembles ! fir/ t knew 8 "m4 ,c y expla91 !n1 :y x is t s (t5 he does n resemble him8 ,:y he resembles a gr&fa!r1 an uncle1 an aunt1 a bro!r1 a si/] ( "o ( ! p>5ts8 ,:y1 9 c]ta9 cities 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 ! inhabitants h pres]v$ ! ,greek type1 ascrib$ to ! wom51 in/ead ( t ( _! b>b>ic fa!rs8 ,:y negresses :o conceive f a :ite1 br+ into ! _w a mulatto1 (t5e/ ) ?ick lips1 a flat nose1 & woolly hair8 ,:y _m *ildr5 resemble portraits :i* _h attract$ ! att5tion ( ! "m8 ,:y1 9 f9e1 physiologi/s1 impress$ by num]\s facts1 h ?\ght !mselves ju/ifi$ 9 decl>+ woman ! pres]v] ( ! type8 ,9 ! face ( ^! und5iable facts1 ,i ask y1 y\rself1 :at becomes ( y\r !ory8 ,x returns to ! doma9 ( *im]as4 ,"s ?9k t woman possesses a pla/ic =ce1 :i* makes h] m\ld h] fruit aft] ! model :i* love1 hate1 or fe> has impress$ )9 h] bra92 s t ! *ild ?us becomes m]ely a sort ( photograph ( a c]ebral image ( ! "m4 ,by ! aid ( ?is !ory1 we might expla9 ! resemblance ( ! *ild to ! fa!r1 to ! fir/ husb&1 to belov$ relatives or to fri5ds1 ei!r liv+ or dead2 b x w\ld be impossible1 !reby1 to expla9 h[ a woman c reproduce 9 h] *ild ! features ( a prog5itor ( h] husb& or ( h]self1 ^: portrait1 ev51 %e has nev] se52 or h[1 9 spite ( h] wi%es1 ! *ild resembles no "o t %e loves1 etc4 ,let u keep a discreet sil5ce2 ! laws ( g5]ation & ( resemblance are unkn[n4 ,if we succe$ 9 discov]+ !m1 x w be only by long & pati5t obs]vation1 ) ! aid ( judici\s criticism1 & an honorable det]m9ation to be imp>tial4 ,laws are n creat$1 b discov]$2 ignorance is m heal?ful = ! m9d ?an error2 to make g5]al rules ( a few facts1 )\t tak+ into acc\nt facts m num]\s by ?\s&s :i* contradict !m1 is n to =m a sci5ce1 b a sy/em ( poetical metaphysics2 & ^! metaphysics1 h[ev] gracefully drap$ !y may be1 are oppos$ to reason1 to sci5ce1 & to tru?4 ,mi*elet w p>don me ?is %ort lesson 9 me?od4 ,i %\ld n presume to give x to him1 7 n m5 repeat+1 l well-tra9$ p>rots1 aft] him & ,pr\dhon1 t woman is de/itute ( high intellectual faculties1 t %e is unsuit$ to sci5ce1 t %e has no compreh5sion ( me?od1 & o!r absurdities ( l weight4 ,allegations su* z ^! place wom5 9 a :olly exceptional position1 ) respect to c\rtesy & res]ve3 !y owe no consid]ation to ^? :o d5y !m ^!2 _! mo/ important bus9ess at ! pres5t "t is to prove to m5 t !y deceive !mselves1 & t !y are deceiv$2 t a woman is fully capable ( tea*+ ! *ief among !m h[ a law is discov]$1 h[ its reality is v]ifi$1 h[1 & on :at conditions we h a "r to believe1 & to /yle ourselves1 rational1 & rationali/s4 ,be=e conclud+1 let u dwell on a few passages ( ! book on ,love4 ,i am curi\s to "k :at woman ,mi*elet addresses :5 he says3 ,sp>e me y\r elaborate discussions on ! equality ( ! sexes4 ,woman is n only our equal1 b 9 _m po9ts our sup]ior4 ,soon] or lat] %e w "k ev]y?+4 ,! "q to decide "h is1 :e!r %e %\ld "k all 9 h] fir/ season ( love4 ,oh1 h[ mu* %e w\ld lose by x6 ,y\?1 fre%ness1 poetry--does %e wi%1 at ! fir/ bl[1 to ab&on all ^!8 ,is %e 9 su* ha/e to gr[ old8 ,p>don me1 sir2 y h already decre$ t !re are no long] any old wom52 no?+1 !re=e1 c make woman gr[ old4 ,!re is k ( all k9ds1 y say2 likewise1 at all ages1 ! k ( woman %\ld be diff]5t f t ( man4 ,x is less sci5ce t %e ne$s1 ?an ! ess5ce ( sci5ce1 & its liv+ elixir4 ,:at is ?is ess5ce1 & ?is liv+ elixir ( sci5ce8 ,poetry aside1 c y1 9 exact & def9ite t]ms1 expla9 to me :at !y mean8 ,c y prove to me1 a woman1 t ,i desire to possess k diff]5tly f y8 ,take c>e6 disciple ( lib]ty1 y h n ! "r to ?9k & to wi% 9 my place4 ,i h1 l y1 an intellect & a free w1 to :i* y are b\nd1 by y\r pr9ciples1 to pay sov]eign respect4 ,n[ ,i =bid y to speak = any woman2 ,i =bid y 9 ! "n ( :at y call ! rights ( ! s\l4 ,y by no means d5y1 y say1 t1 /rictly speak+1 a "y woman c read ev]y?+1 & in=m h]self ( ev]y?+2 c pass ?r\gh all ! ordeals to :i* ! m9d ( man is subject$1 & /ill rema9 pure4 ,y only ma9ta91 y add1 t h] s\l1 )]$ by read+1 pall$ by novels1 liv+ habitually on ! /imulus ( play-h\ses1 on ! aqua-=tis ( crim9al c\rts1 w become1 n corrupt$1 p]haps1 b vulg>1 common1 trivial1 l ! curb-/one 9 ! /reet4 ,?is curb-/one is a good /one2 y h only to break x to see t x is :ite )94 ,?is does n h9d] x f be+ sadly soil$ outside1 9 e respect z dirty z ! /reet gutt] f :i* x has be5 spla%$4 ,is ?is1 madam1 ! ideal to :i* y lay claim = h] :o %\ld rema9 ! temple ( man1 ! alt> ( 8 he>t1 :5ce he daily rek9dles ! flame ( pure love8 ,a truce to imag]y & oratorical outbur/s2 none ( u dem& = woman any degradation :atev]4 ,!re w\ld be no ne$ = u to dem& :at y c5sure1 s9ce x is ?or\ghly au?oriz$ & practis$4 ,i by no means wi% to accuse y ( bad fai?1 ( want ( reflection1 & ( too mu* moral tol]ance2 yet let u /rip (f y\r poetic mantle1 & translate y\r ?\ght into prose2 ! drap]y w no long] make u =get ! idea4 ,:5 in/ruction has be5 dem&$ = ! p1 has any "o ev] tak5 x into 8 head to fancy t ! po9t 9 "q 0 to make !m read novels1 to swell ! att5dance on crim9al c\rts1 & to multiply !atres8 ,no1 y w say4 ,:at au?orizes y1 !n1 to believe t ^? :o dem& a solid education = woman1 are seek+ t ( ( :i* y1 on y\r "p1 d n dream = ! p8 ,on ! o!r h&1 d y cultivate ! intellect ( man by novels1 !atres1 & spectacles ( crim9al c\rts8 ,is x 9 ^! ?+s t 8 k consi/s8 ,no1 y w say4 ,:at is !re1 !n1 9 common betwe5 t :i* y c5sure1 & ! k t we desire = woman2 & :y attribute to u absurd ideas1 t y may h ! pleasure ( wrangl+ ) phantoms8 ,all y\r f9e ladies are nurtur$ on novels1 plays1 & judicial excitem5ts2 yet !y are nei!r vulg>1 nor trivial1 nor comp>able to curb-/ones sulli$ by ! mud ( ! /reets2 :at y tell !m1 !re=e1 is no m true ?an k9d4 ,b if y pay !m d\btful complim5ts1 :i* !y d n des]ve1 y absolve !m too easily1 9 turn4 ,li/5 to our pr9ciples1 t y may n run ! risk ( appe>+ unju/ ) respect to u4 ,corruption 9 our eyes1 is n m]ely ! want ( *a/ity1 or ! %ameful suit ( gallantry1 b all habitual improp] s5tim5t1 all weak5+ ( ! moral s5se1 & we absolutely condemn ev]y?+ :i* has p[] to less5 ! s5sibility ( ! s\l1 & to turn x aside f ! practice ( ju/ice1 ( virtue1 & ( self-respect4 ,9 consequ5ce1 we pr(ess t ! spectacles ( crim9al c\rts habituate ! he>t to ins5sibility1 & %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z executions4 ,we pr(ess t ! mod]n drama is g5]ally evil1 because x excites int]e/ = adult]]s1 robb]s1 s$uc]s & pro/itutes2 t ! intellect is subject$ 9 !atres to an unheal?y & en]vat+ atmosph]e4 ,we pr(ess1 la/ly1 t novels %\ld be read ) great mod]ation1 because1 9 g5]al1 :5 !y d n corrupt ! morals1 !y p]v]t ! judgm5t & wa/e preci\s "t4 ,?\gh we love & e/eem ,art1 we are indignant at ! bad use :i* is made ( x1 & we h little e/eem = ^? :o avail !mselves ( x to lead ! he>t a/ray1 & to p]v]t ! moral s5se4 ,we say to woman3 ,educate y\rselves1 be wor?y & *a/e2 life is e>ne/1 employ x e>ne/ly4 ,y see t woman 9 ! image ( ! /a9$ curb-/one1 is by no means ! ideal ( :i* we dream4 ,c y1 a man ( he>t1 c y treat wom5 z wret*$ & corrupt because !y are will+ no long] to be slaves8 ,& besides1 d y ?9k t lib]ty1 :i* 9 man eng5d]s individuality & virtue1 w\ld produce 9 woman moral degradation8 ,ah6 leave ^! calumnies to ^? :o h no he>t2 !y ill befit y1 :o may deceive y\rself ?r\gh ! l(ty poetry ( y\r s\l1 b :o c wi% = evil only because y believe x to be good4 ,! wom5 :o ask to be free1 great1 mi/ak5 poet1 are ^? :o are consci\s ( _! dignity1 ( ! true rle ( _! sex 9 humanity2 ^? :o desire t ! wom5 :o foll[ !m 9 ! c>e] ( labor %\ld no long] be oblig$ to live by man1 because to live by him is at lea/ to pro/itute _! dignity1 & almo/ always1 _! :ole p]son4 ,!y wi% t woman %\ld be ! equal ( man1 9 ord] to love him holily1 to devote h]self )\t calculation1 to cease to deceive him or to rule him by artifice1 & to become to him a useful auxili>y1 in/ead ( a s]vant or a toy4 ,!y "k our influ5ce ov] y2 slaves1 we c only debase y2 at pres5t1 we r5d] y c[>dly1 selfi%1 & di%one/2 we s5d y out e morn+1 l vultures1 ^u society1 to provide = our fooli% exp5ses or to end[ our *ildr52 we1 wom5 ( emancipation1 are unwill+ t our sex %\ld long] play ?is odi\s rle1 & be1 ?r\gh its slav]y1 an in/rum5t ( demoralization & ( social degradation1--& ?is y impute to u z a crime6 ,ah6 ,i d n believe x2 y y\rself w say t ,i ought n to believe x4 ,look+ f a deplorably n>r[ /& po9t1 y fanci$ t y saw all woman-k9d 9 a few valetud9>ians1 y\r k9d he>t 0 mov$ = !m1 & y s\ght to protect !m4 ,_h y look$ f> & high1 y w\ld h se5 ! work]s ( ?\ght & muscle2 y w\ld h compreh5d$ t inequality is to !m a s\rce ( corruption & suff]+4 ,!n1 9 y\r l(ty & gl[+ /yle1 y w\ld h writt51 n ?is book ( ,love :i* repels all intellig5t & reflective wom51 b a great & beautiful "w to dem& ! "r ( half ! human race4 ,! mis=tune1 ! irrep>able mis=tune1 is t in/ead ( climb+ to ! m\nta9 top to look at e mov+ ?+ "u ! va/ horizon1 y h %ut y\rself up 9 a n>r[ valley1 :]e1 see+ no?+ b pale violets1 y h conclud$ t e fl[] mu/ be also a pale violet2 :il/ ,nature has creat$ a ?\s& o!r species1 on ! contr>y1 /rong & vigor\s1 ) a "r1 l y1 to e>?1 air1 wat] & sun%9e4 ,:atev] may be y\r love1 y\r k9dness & y\r good int5tions t[>ds woman1 y\r book w\ld be imm5sely dang]\s to ! cause ( h] lib]ty1 if m5 7 9 a mood to reli% y\r e?ics3 b !y w rema9 z !y are2 & ! dignity ( woman1 kept wak+ by _! brutality1 _! despotism1 _! des]tion1 _! f\l morals1 w n be lull$ to sleep "u ! fre%1 v]dant1 allur+ & trea*]\sly p]fum$ foliage ( ?is man*9eel tree1 call$ ! book ( ,love4 ,9 ,mi*elet's lat] "w1 ,woman1 by ! side ( _m beautiful pages full ( he>t & poetry are f\nd ?+s t we regret to po9t out1 = ! sake ( ! au?or4 ,m4 ,mi*elet has evid5tly am5d$1 z we %all press on him2 b z a spice ( v5geance1 he pret5ds t _! language has be5 dictat$ by directors1 philosoph]s & o!rs4 ,we "k "s ( ^! ladies p]sonally1 & c assure him t !y h _h no director ( any k9d--q ! contr>y4 ,is x also 9 consequ5ce ( rancor t ! au?or pret5ds t woman loves man1 n = 8 real wor?1 b because he pleases h]1 & t %e makes ,god 9 h] own image1 a ,god ( p>tiality & caprice1 :o saves ^? :o please him8 ,9 fem99e !ology1 adds ,mi*elet1 ,god w\ld say3 ,i love !e because ?\ art a s9n]1 because ?\ ha/ no m]it2 ,i h no reason to love !e1 b x is sweet to me to =give4 ,v well1 y\r sex loves woman = h] real wor?2 we nev] he> a man1 enamor$ ( "s unwor?y creature1 say3 ,:at matt]s x1 ,i love h]6 ,y\r love is always wise1 & giv5 reasonably2 none b des]v+ wom5 c please y4 ,i ask :y s _m hone/ wom5 are ab&on$ & unhappy1 :ile s _m t are impure & vici\s1 yet s\ght & ador$1 are 9 possession ( ! art ( *>m+1 ( ru9+ & ( p]v]t+ m58 ,mi*elet deplores ! /ate ( divorce :i* is e/abli%$ betwe5 ! sexes2 we deplore x likewise2 b our compla9ts d n rem$y x4 ,m5 %un m>riage f motives t d !m no cr$it3 !y h at _! pleasure ! poor girls :om want places at _! m]cy2 !y %un m>riage because !y d n wi% a real1 t is1 an autonom\s wife at _! side2 = !mselves1 !y wi% lib]ty1 = _! wife1 slav]y4 ,on _! side1 wom5 t5d to enfran*isem5t1 :i* is well = !m z x is = m53 !y %\ld n suff] !mselves to be turn$ aside f _! pursuit2 on ! o!r h&1 z m5 are attract$ by a co/ly toilette1 & neglect pla9ly dress$ wom51 if ! latt]1 9 ! wi% to please & reta9 !m1 imitate public wom51 ^: is ! fault8 ,is x ours1 :o desire to please y & to be lov$ by y1 or y\rs1 :o c only be attract$ by dress8 ,if y lov$ u = our real wor?1 & n because our dresses & jewels please y\r eye1 we w\ld n ru9 y4 ,let u po9t out 9 a few l9es ! contradictions & diff]5ces t are f\nd betwe5 ,mi*elet's fir/ & second works4 ,9 bo?1 woman is ! flame ( love & ( ! fireside religion1 h>mony1 poetry1 ! gu>dian ( ! dome/ic he>?1 a h\sewife ^: c>es are ennobl$ by love3 civilization is due to h] grace1 %e %\ld be ! repres5tative ( grace if n ( beauty4 ,9 bo? books1 ! h\sehold mu/ be isolat$2 ! wife mu/ h no intimate fri5d%ip2 "m1 bro!rs & si/]s prev5t h] f becom+ absorb$ z %e ought to be 9 h] husb&4 ,:at we ?9k ( ?is absorption is already kn[n2 we w only say "h t if ! fri5ds & relatives ( ! wife %\ld be expell$1 ^? ( ! husb& %\ld be none ! less s2 ! "m & fri5ds ( ! husb& h m p[] to injure ! wife ?an ^? ( ! wife to injure ! husb&2 num]\s sad facts prove ?is4 ,9 ,love1 woman is a receptive p[]1 incapable ( compreh5d+ consci5ti\s works2 %e mu/ receive ev]y?+ f h] husb& 9 ! intellectual & moral po9t ( view4 ,9 ,woman1 %e is half ( ! c\ple1 9 ! same ratio z man is capable ( ! mo/ l(ty speculations1 & ?or\ghly und]/&s adm9i/ration4 ,%e gives ! *ild ! education t be=e all else w influ5ce ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,s long z woman is n ! p>tn] ( labor & ( action1 says ! au?or1 we are s]fs1 we c d no?+--%e may ev5 be ! equal ( man 9 m$ical sci5ce2 %e is a s*ool1 %e is sole educatress1 etc4 ,v well1 ?us f>2 & d\btless ,mi*elet w\ld h be5 consi/5t1 _h he n got into 8 head a mascul9e & a fem99e ideal :i* spoils ev]y?+2 he reason$ to himself3 ,man is a creator1 woman a h>mony ^: end & de/9ation is love2 &1 consequ5tly1 he m>ks out = ! latt] a plan ( education diff]5t f t by :i* man %\ld be develop$2 ! natural sci5ces are suit$ to woman1 hi/ory %\ld only be taught h] to =m 9 h] a firm moral & religi\s fai?4 ,z love is h] vocation1 to ea* season ( ! life ( woman %\ld correspond an object ( love2 fl[]s1 ! doll1 poor *ildr51 next ! lov]1 !n ! husb& & *ildr51 !n ! c>e ( "y orphans1 prison]s1 etc4 ,9 ,love1 ! wife alone seems b\nd to confess to ! husb&4 ,9 ,woman1 ! obligation is mutual4 ,! wid[1 9 ,love1 %\ld n m>ry aga91 9 ,woman1 %e may esp\se a fri5d ( ! husb&1 or /ill bett]1 ! "o :om he may *oose on 8 dea?b$2 if %e is too old1 %e may wat* ov] a "y man2 b %e w d bett] to protect "y girls1 to make peace 9 families1 to facilitate m>riages1 to sup]9t5d prisons1 etc4 ,we w c>ry ! analysis no fur!r2 our objections to ! au?or's doctr9e w be f\nd 9 ! article on ,pr\dhon1 & 9 ! sequel ( ! "w4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,! t5? & elev5? /udies ( ! la/ "w ( ,m4 ,pr\dhon1 ,ju/ice 9 ! ,revolution & 9 ! ,*ur*1 comprise ! au?or's :ole doctr9e conc]n+ ,woman1 ,love1 & ,m>riage4 ,be=e analyz+ x & criticis+ its *ief po9ts1 ,i mu/ acqua9t my read]s ) ! polemical comm5cem5t :i* appe>s to h giv5 rise to ! publication ( ! /range doctr9es ( our great critic4 ,9 ! ,revue ,philosophique ( ,decemb]1 #ahef1 ! foll[+ article by me 0 publi%$ "u ! title1 ,pr\dhon & ! ,woman ,"q3-- ,wom5 h a weakness = soldi]s1 x is said4 ,x is true1 b !y %\ld n be reproa*$ = x2 !y love ev5 ! %[ ( c\rage1 :i* is a glori\s & holy ?+4 ,i am a woman1 ,pr\dhon is a great soldi] ( ?\ght4 ,i _c !re=e prev5t myself f reg>d+ him ) e/eem & sympa?y2 s5tim5ts to :i* he w owe ! mod]ation ( my attack on 8 op9ions conc]n+ ! rle ( woman 9 humanity4 ,9 8 fir/ ,memoir on ,prop]ty1 note on page #bfe1 edition ( #ahda1 we read ! foll[+ p>adox 9 ! /yle ( ! ,koran3 ,betwe5 man & woman may exi/ love1 passion1 ! bond ( habit1 :atev] y l2 !re is n true society4 ,man & woman are n companions4 ,! diff]5ce ( sex gives rise betwe5 !m to a sep>ation ( ! same nature z t :i* ! diff]5ce ( races places betwe5 animals4 ,?us1 f> f applaud+ :at is n[ call$ ! emancipation ( woman1 ,i %\ld be mu* m incl9$1 7 x necess>y to g to ?is extremity1 to put woman 9 seclusion4 ,9 ! ?ird ,memoir on ,prop]ty1 we read3 ,?is signifies t woman1 by nature & by de/9ation1 is nei!r associate1 nor citiz51 nor public function>y4 ,i op5 ! ,creation ( ,ord] 9 ,humanity1 & read !re3 ,x is 9 treat+ ( education t we mu/ det]m9e ! "p ( woman 9 society4 ,woman1 until %e becomes a wife1 is appr5tice1 at mo/ "u-sup]9t5d5t1 9 ! "w-%op1 z 9 ! family1 %e rema9s a m9or1 & does n =m a "p ( ! commonweal?4 ,woman is n1 z is commonly affirm$1 ! half nor ! equal ( man1 b ! liv+ & sympa!tic complem5t t is lack+ to make him an individual4 ,9 ! ,economical ,contradictions1 we read3 ,= my "p1 ! m ,i reflect on ! de/9y ( woman outside ( ! family & ! h\sehold1 ! less ,i c acc\nt = x3 c\rtesan or h\sewife1 7h\sewife1 ,i say1 n s]vant17 ,i see no m$ium4 ,i _h always laugh$ at ^! p>adoxes2 !y _h no m doctr9al value 9 my eyes ?an ! ?\s& o!r freaks s common to ?is celebrat$ critic4 ,a %ort "t s9ce1 an obscure j\rnal pret5d$ t ,pr\dhon1 9 private conv]sations1 _h drawn up a =mula ( an entire sy/em bas$ on mascul9e omnipot5ce1 & publi%$ ?is sy/em 9 its columns4 ,"o ( two ?+s is c]ta91 said ,i to myself2 ei!r ! j\rnali/ speaks falsely1 or he tells ! tru?2 if he speaks falsely1 8 evid5t aim is to de/roy ,pr\dhon 9 ! confid5ce ( ! fri5ds ( progress1 & to make him lose 8 lawful %>e ( influ5ce1 9 :i* case1 he mu/ be w>n$ ( x2 if he tells ! tru?1 ,pr\dhon mu/ /ill be w>n$ ( ! fact1 s9ce x is impossible t1 be+ ! fa!r ( sev]al daught]s1 pat]nal feel+ %\ld n h set him on ! road to reason4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,i mu/ "k ab\t x4 ,i wrote to ,pr\dhon1 :o1 ! next day1 return$ me an answ] :i* ,i transcribe v]batim3 ,,madam3 ,i "k no?+ ( ! article publi%$ by ,m4 ,*>les ,rob9 9 ! ,telegraphe ( ye/]day4 ,9 ord] to in=m myself ) reg>d to ?is p>aphrase1 z y entitle ! article ( ,m4 ,rob91 ,i exam9$ my fir/ ,memoir on ,prop]ty1 page #bfe1 ,g>ni] edition1 7,i h no o!r17 & f\nd no note !re4 ,i exam9$ ! same page 9 my o!r pamphlet1 & discov]$ no note any:]e4 ,x is !re=e impossible = me to reply to y\r fir/ "q4 ,i d n exactly "k :at y call my op9ions on woman1 m>riage & ! family2 = ,i believe ,i h giv5 no "o a "r to speak ( my op9ions on ^! subjects1 any m ?an on t ( prop]ty4 ,i h writt5 economical & social criticisms2 9 mak+ ^! criticisms 7,i take ! ^w 9 its highe/ signification71 ,i may h inde$ express$ judgm5ts to a great] or less degree relative1 conc]n+ a tru?4 ,i h no :]e t ,i "k (1 fram$ a dogma1 a !ory1 a collection ( pr9ciples2 9 a ^w1 a sy/em4 ,all t ,i c tell y is1 9 ! fir/ place1 z f> z conc]ns myself1 t my op9ions h be5 =m$ progressively & 9 an unv>y+ direction2 t1 at ! "t at :i* ,i write1 ,i h n deviat$ f ?is direction2 & t1 ) ?is res]ve1 my exi/+ op9ions accord p]fectly ) :at !y 7 sev5te5 ye>s ago :5 ,i publi%$ my fir/ memoirs4 ,9 ! second place1 ) reg>d to y1 ,madam1 :o1 9 int]rogat+ me d n leave me 9 ignorance ( y\r s5tim5ts1 ,i w tell y ) all ! frankness :i* y\r lett] exacts1 & :i* y expect f a compatriot1 t ,i d n reg>d ! "q ( m>riage1 ( woman1 & ( ! family 9 ! same light z y\rself1 or any ( ! innovat+ au?ors ^: ideas h come to my k2 t ,i d n admit1 = in/ance1 t woman has ! "r at ! pres5t "t to sep>ate h] cause f t ( man1 & to dem& = h]self special legislation1 z ?\gh h] *ief tyrant & enemy 7 man2 t fur!r1 ,i d n admit t1 :atev] rep>ation may be due to woman1 ( jo9t ?irds ) h] husb& 7or fa!r7 & h] *ildr51 ! mo/ rigor\s ju/ice c ev] make h] ! ,,equal ( man2 t nei!r d ,i admit t ?is inf]iority ( ! female sex con/itutes = x ei!r s]vitude1 or humiliation1 or a dim9ution ( dignity1 lib]ty1 or happ9ess4 ,i ma9ta9 t ! contr>y is true4 ,i consid]1 !re=e1 ! sort ( crusade t is be+ c>ri$ on at ?is "t by a few e/imable ladies 9 bo? hemisph]es 9 behalf ( ! pr]ogatives ( _! sex1 z a symptom ( ! g5]al r5ovation t is be+ wr\ght2 b nev]!less1 z an exagg]at$ symptom1 an infatuation t proce$s precisely f ! infirmity ( ! sex & its incapacity to und]/& & to gov]n itself4 ,i h read1 ,madam1 a few ( y\r articles4 ,i f9d t y\r wit1 capacity & k place y c]ta9ly above an inf9ity ( males :o h no?+ ( _! sex b ! prolet>y faculty4 ,9 ?is respect1 7 x necess>y to decide on y\r !sis by comp>isons ( ?is k9d1 y w\ld d\btless ga9 ! cause4 ,b y h too mu* good s5se n to compreh5d t ! "q "h is by no means to comp>e individual ) individual1 b ! :ole fem99e sex 9 its aggregate ) ! :ole mascul9e sex1 9 ord] to "k :e!r ^! two halves1 ! complem5ts ( ea* o!r1 are or are n equals 9 ! human &rogynus4 ,9 accordance ) ?is pr9ciple1 ,i d n believe t y\r sy/em1 :i* is1 ,i ?9k1 t ( equality or equival5ce1 c be su/a9$1 & ,i reg>d x z a weakness ( our epo*4 ,y h int]rogat$ me1 ,madam1 ) ,fran*e-,comtois abruptness4 ,i wi% y to take my words 9 good "p1 &1 s9ce ,i d\btless d n agree at all ) y1 n to see 9 me an enemy ( woman1 a detractor ( y\r sex1 wor?y ( ! animadv]sions ( maid5s1 wives & mo!rs4 ,! rules ( fair discussion oblige y to admit at lea/ t y may be deceiv$1 t ,i may be "r1 t 9 su* case x is ,i :o am truly ! def5d] & fri5d ( woman2 ,i ask no?+ m4 ,y & y\r companions h rais$ a v great "q1 :i* ,i ?9k t y h hi!rto treat$ q sup]ficially4 ,b ! indiff]5t mann] 9 :i* ?is subject has be5 treat$ %\ld n be consid]$ z conclusive reason = n receiv+ x2 on ! contr>y1 ,i reg>d x z ano!r reason = ! advocates ( ! equality ( ! two sexes to make great] ef=ts4 ,9 ?is respect1 ,madam1 ,i d\bt n t y w signalize y\rself anew1 & await ) impati5ce ! volume t y ann\nce1 :i* ,i promise to read ) all ! att5tion ( :i* ,i am capable4 ,on read+ ?is lett]1 ,i transcrib$ ! note :i* ,m4 ,pr\dhon _h n succe$$ 9 f9d+1 & s5t x to him1 ) ! article ( ,m4 ,*>les ,rob94 ,z he did n reply1 8 sil5ce au?orizes me to believe ! j\rnali/4 ,ah6 y p]si/ 9 ma9ta9+ t woman is inf]ior1 m9or6 y believe t wom5 w b[ dev\tly be=e ! high decree ( y\r autocracy6 ,no1 no2 x w n1 x _c be s4 ,to battle1 ,m4 ,pr\dhon6 ,b let u fir/ dispose ( ! "q ( my p]sonality4 ,y consid] me z an exception1 by tell+ me t1 if x 7 necess>y to decide on my !sis by comp>ison betwe5 a ho/ ( m5 & myself1 ! decision w\ld be1 d\btless1 9 favor ( my op9ions4 ,m>k my reply3 ,e true law is absolute4 ,! ignorance or folly ( gramm>ians1 morali/s1 jurisconsults1 & o!r philosoph]s1 alone inv5t$ ! prov]b3 ,!re is no rule )\t an exception4 ,! mania ( impos+ laws on ,nature1 in/ead ( /udy+ ,nature's own laws1 aft]w>ds confirm$ ?is aphorism ( ignorance4 ,:o said ?is8 ,y1 9 ! ,creation ( ,ord] 9 ,humanity4 ,:y is y\r lett] 9 contradiction ) ?is doctr9e8 ,h y *ang$ y\r op9ion8 ,!n ,i entreat y to tell me :e!r m5 ( wor? are n q z exceptional 9 _! sex1 z wom5 ( m]it 9 !irs4 ,y h said3 ,:atev] may be ! diff]5ces exi/+ betwe5 m51 !y are equal1 because !y are human be+s4 ,"u p5alty ( inconsi/5cy1 y mu/ add3 ,:atev] may be ! diff]5ces exi/+ betwe5 ! sexes1 !y are equal1 because !y =m a "p ( ! human species--unless y prove t wom5 are n a "p ( humanity4 ,individual wor?1 n be+ ! basis ( "r betwe5 m51 _c become s betwe5 ! sexes4 ,y\r complim5t is1 !re=e1 a contradiction4 ,i add1 la/ly1 t ,i feel myself l9k$ ) my sex by too close a solid>ity ev] to be cont5t to see myself ab/ract$ f x by an illogical process4 ,i am a woman--,i glory 9 x2 ,i rejoice if any value is set ^u me1 n = myself1 inde$1 b because ?is contributes to modify ! op9ion ( m5 ) respect to my sex4 ,a woman :o is happy 9 he>+ x said3 ,y are a man1 is1 9 my eyes1 a simpleton1 an unwor?y creature1 av[+ ! sup]iority ( ! mascul9e sex2 & ! m5 :o ?9k t !y complim5t h] 9 ?is mann]1 are va+lori\s & imp]t95t boa/]s4 ,if ,i acquire any des]t1 ,i ?us pay honor to wom51 ,i reveal _! aptitudes1 ,i d n pass into ! o!r sex any m ?an ,pr\dhon ab&ons 8 own1 because he is elevat$ by 8 intellect above ! level ( fooli% & ignorant m52 & if ! ignorance ( ! mass ( m5 prejudges no?+ aga9/ _! "r1 no m does ! ignorance ( ! mass ( wom5 prejudge any?+ aga9/ !irs4 ,y affirm t man & woman d n =m true society4 ,tell u1 !n1 :at is m>riage1 :at is society4 ,y affirm t ! diff]5ce ( sex places betwe5 man & woman a sep>ation ( ! same nature z t :i* ! diff]5ce ( races places betwe5 animals4 ,!n prove3 ,t ! race is n ess5tially =m$ ( two sexes2 ,t man & woman c be reproduc$ sep>ately2 ,t _! common product is a mix$ bre$1 or a mule2 ,t _! *>act]i/ics are dissimil>1 ap>t f sexuality4 ,& if y come (f ) honor f ?is great feat ( /r5g?1 y w /ill h to prove3 ,t to diff]5ce ( race corresponds diff]5ce ( "r2 ,t ! black1 ! yell[1 ! copp]-color$ p]sons belong+ to races inf]ior to ! ,caucasian _c truly associate ) ! latt]2 t !y are m9ors4 ,come1 sir1 /udy an?ropology1 physiology1 & phr5ology1 & employ y\r s]ial dialectics to prove all ?is to u4 ,y are incl9$ to seclude woman1 in/ead ( emancipat+ h]8 ,prove to m5 t !y h ! "r to d s2 to wom51 t x is _! duty to suff] !mselves to be plac$ "u lock & key4 ,i decl>e1 = my "p1 t ,i w\ld n submit to x4 ,does ,pr\dhon rememb] h[ he ?reat5s ! prie/ :o %all lay 8 h& on 8 *ildr58 ,well1 ! majority ( wom5 w\ld n conf9e !mselves to ?reats aga9/ ^? :o might h ! ,mussulmanic incl9ation ( ,pr\dhon4 ,y affirm t by nature1 & by de/9ation1 woman is nei!r associate1 nor citiz51 nor function>y4 ,tell u1 9 ! fir/ place1 :at nature x is necess>y to h to be all ^!4 ,reveal to u ! nature ( woman1 s9ce y claim to "k x bett] ?an %e does h]self4 ,reveal to u h] de/9ation1 :i* app>5tly is n t :i* we see1 nor :i* %e believes to be su*4 ,y affirm t woman1 until h] m>riage1 is no?+ m ?an appr5tice1 at mo/1 "u-sup]9t5d5t 9 ! social work%op2 t %e is m9or 9 ! family1 & does n =m a "p ( ! commonweal?4 ,prove1 !n1 t %e does n execute 9 ! social work%op & 9 ! family works equival5t1 or equal1 to ^? ( man4 ,prove t %e is less useful ?an man4 ,prove t ! qualities t give to man ! "r ( citiz5%ip1 d n exi/ 9 woman4 ,i %all be sev]e ) y on ?is head4 ,to subord9ate woman 9 a social ord] 9 :i* %e mu/ "w 9 ord] to live is to desire pro/itution2 = disda9 ( ! produc] ext5ds to ! value ( ! product2 & :5 su* a doctr9e is contr>y to sci5ce1 good s5se1 & progress1 to su/a9 x is cruelty1 is moral mon/rosity4 ,! woman :o _c live by work+1 c only d s by pro/itut+ h]self2 ! equal ( man or a c\rtesan1 su* is ! alt]native4 ,he is bl9d :o does n see x4 ,y see no o!r fate = woman ?an to be c\rtesan or h\sewife4 ,op5 y\r eyes wid]1 & dream less1 & tell me :e!r all ^? useful & c\rage\s wom5 are only h\sewives or c\rtesans1 :o support !mselves honorably by arts1 lit]ature1 in/ruction2 ,:o f\nd num]\s & prosp]\s manufactures2 ,:o sup]9t5d comm]cial e/abli%m5ts2 ,:o are su* good manag]s1 t _m among !m conceal or repair ! faults result+ f ! c>elessness or dissipation ( _! husb&s4 ,prove to u1 !re=e1 t all ?is is wrong2 ,prove to u t x is n ! result ( human progress2 ,prove to u t labor1 ! /amp ( ! human species--t labor1 :i* y consid] z ! great emancipator--t labor1 :i* makes m5 equal & free1 has n virtue to make wom5 equal & free4 ,if y prove ?is to u1 we %all h to regi/] "o contradiction m4 ,y d n admit t woman %\ld h ! "r ( claim+ = h]self special legislation1 z ?\gh man 7 h] *ief enemy & tyrant4 ,y1 sir1 are ! "o t legislates specially = woman2 %e h]self desires no?+ b ! common law4 ,yes2 until n[1 man1 9 subord9at+ woman1 has be5 h] tyrant & enemy4 ,i am ( y\r op9ion :51 9 y\r fir/ ,memoir on ,prop]ty1 y say t1 s long z ! /rong & ! weak are n equals1 !y are /rang]s1 !y _c =m an alliance1 !y are enemies4 ,yes1 ?rice yes1 s long z man & woman are n equals1 woman is 9 ! "r 9 consid]+ man z h] tyrant & enemy4 ,! mo/ rigor\s ju/ice _c make woman ! ,,equal ( man4 ,& x is to a woman :om y set 9 y\r op9ion above a ho/ ( m51 t y affirm su* a ?+6 ,:at a contradiction6 ,x is an infatuation = wom5 to dem& _! "r6 ,an infatuation l t ( slaves1 pret5d+ t !y 7 creat$ freem52 ( ! citiz5s ( '#hi1 prov+ t m5 are equal be=e ! law4 ,d y "k :o 71 :o are ! infatuat$8 ,! ma/]s1 ! nobles1 ! :ites1 ! m5 :o h d5i$1 :o d d5y1 & :o w d5y1 t slaves1 citiz5s1 blacks1 & wom51 are born = lib]ty & equality4 ,! sex to :i* ,i belong is incapable ( und]/&+ & gov]n+ itself1 say y6 ,prove t x is de/itute ( intellect2 ,prove t great empresses & great que5s h n gov]n$ z well z great emp]ors & great k+s2 ,prove aga9/ all ! facts pat5t t wom5 are n 9 g5]al good obs]v]s & good manag]s2 ,!n prove t all m5 und]/& !mselves p]fectly & gov]n !mselves admirably1 & t progress moves z if on :eels4 ,woman is nei!r ! half nor ! equal ( man2 %e is ! complem5t t f9ally makes him an individual2 ! two sexes =m ! human &rogynus4 ,come2 s]i\sly1 :at means ?is j+le ( empty words8 ,!y are metaphors1 unwor?y to figure 9 sci5tific language1 :5 our own & ! o!r high] zological species are 9 "q4 ,! lioness1 ! %e-wolf & ! tigress are no m ! halves or ! complem5t ( _! species ?an woman is ! complem5t ( man4 ,or ,nature has e/abli%$ two ext]iorities1 two wills1 %e affirms two unities1 two entireties n "o1 or two halves2 ! ari?metic ( ,nature _c be de/roy$ by ! freaks ( ! imag9ation4 ,is equality be=e ! law bas$ ^u individual qualities8 ,pr\dhon replies 9 ! ,creation ( ,ord] 9 ,humanity3 ,nei!r bir?1 nor figure1 nor faculties1 nor =tune1 nor rank1 nor pr(ession1 nor tal5t1 nor any?+ t di/+ui%es individuals e/abli%es betwe5 !m a diff]5ce ( species2 all be+ m51 & ! law regulat+ only human relations1 x is ! same = all2 s t to e/abli% exceptions1 x w\ld be necess>y to prove t ! individuals except$ are above or b5ea? ! human species4 ,prove to u t wom5 are above or b5ea? ! human species1 t !y d n =m a "p ( x1 or1 "u p5alty ( contradiction1 submit to ! consequ5ces ( y\r doctr9e4 ,y say 9 ! ,social ,revolution2 ,nei!r consci5ce1 nor reason1 nor lib]ty1 nor labor1 pure =ces1 prim>y & creative faculties1 c be made me*anical )\t be+ de/roy$4 ,_! reason ( exi/5ce is 9 !mselves2 9 _! works !y %\ld f9d _! reason ( action4 ,9 ?is consi/s ! human p]son1 a sacr$ p]son1 etc4 ,prove t wom5 h nei!r consci5ce1 nor reason1 nor moral lib]ty1 & t !y d n labor4 ,if x is demon/rat$ t !y possess ! prim>y & creative faculties1 respect _! human p]son1 = x is sacr$4 ,9 ! ,creation ( ,ord] 9 ,humanity1 y say3 ,specifically1 labor satisfies ! desire ( our p]sonality1 :i* t5ds inv9cibly to make a diff]5ce betwe5 itself & o!rs1 to r5d] itself indep5d5t1 to conqu] its lib]ty & its "*4 ,prove !n t wom5 h no special "w1 &1 if facts contradict y1 ackn[l$ge t1 x inevitably t5ds to indep5d5ce1 to lib]ty4 ,d y d5y t !y are y\r equals because !y are less intellig5t z a :ole ?an m58 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i conte/ x2 b ,i ne$ n d s1 y y\rself resolve ?is difficulty 9 ! ,creation ( ,ord] 9 ,humanity3 ,! inequality ( capacities1 :5 n caus$ by con/itutional vices1 mutilation or want1 results f g5]al ignorance1 insuffici5t me?od1 lack or falsity ( education1 & div]g5ce ( intuition ?r\gh lack ( sequ5ce1 :5ce arises disp]sion & confusion ( ideas4 ,n[1 all ^! facts productive ( inequality are ess5tially abnormal1 !re=e ! inequality ( capacities is abnormal4 ,unless y prove t wom5 are mutilat$ by ,nature1 ,i d n exactly see h[ y c escape ! consequ5ces ( y\r syllogism3 n only has fem99e inf]iority ! same s\rces z mascul9e ignorance1 b public education is refus$ to wom51 ! great pr(essional s*ools are clos$ to !m1 ^? :o ?r\gh _! intellect equal ! mo/ intellig5t among y h _h tw5ty times z _m difficulties & prejudices to ov]come4 ,y wi% to subord9ate wom5 because 9 g5]al !y h less muscul> =ce ?an y2 b at ?is rate ! weak m5 ought n to be ! equals ( ! /rong1 & y combat ?is consequ5ce y\rself 9 y\r fir/ ,memoir on ,prop]ty1 :]e y say3 ,social equilibrium is ! equalization ( ! /rong & ! weak4 ,if ,i h treat$ y ) consid]ation1 x is because y are an intellig5t & progressive man1 & because x is impossible t y %\ld rema9 "u ! influ5ce ( ! doctors ( ! ,middle ,age on "o "q1 :ile y are 9 advance ( ! majority ( y\r cotempor>ies on s _m o!rs4 ,y w cease to su/a9 an illogical s]ies t is )\t f\ndation1 rememb]+1 z y h said s well 9 ! ,creation ( ,ord] 9 ,humanity3 ,t ! great] "p ( philosophical ab]rations & *im]as h aris5 f attribut+ to logical s]ies a reality t !y d n possess1 & endeavor+ to expla9 ! nature ( man by ab/ractions4 ,y w ackn[l$ge t all ! high] animal species are compos$ ( two sexes2 ,t 9 none is ! female ! inf]ior ( ! male1 except sometimes ?r\gh =ce1 :i* _c be ! basis ( human "r2 ,y w r5\nce ! &rogynus1 :i* is only a dream4 ,woman1 a di/9ct individual1 end[$ ) consci\sness1 intellect1 w & activity l man1 w be no long] sep>at$ f him be=e ! laws4 ,y w say ( all1 bo? m5 & wom51 z 9 y\r fir/ ,memoir on ,prop]ty3 ,lib]ty is an absolute "r1 because x is to man :at imp5etrability is to matt]1 a condition s9e qua non ( exi/5ce4 ,equality is an absolute "r1 because )\t equality1 !re is no society4 ,& y w ?us %[ ! second degree ( sociability1 :i* y y\rself def9e1 ! recognition 9 ano!r ( a p]sonality equal to our own4 ,i appeal !re=e f ,pr\dhon drunk ) !ology to ,pr\dhon sob]$ by facts & sci5ce1 mov$ by ! sorr[s & disord]s result+ f 8 own sy/ems4 ,i hope ,i %all n enc\nt] 8 ,h]culean club rais$ aga9/ ! holy bann] ( tru? & "r2 aga9/ woman1--t be+ physically s weak1 morally s /rong1 :o1 ble$+1 & /eep$ 9 gall b5ea? h] cr[n ( roses1 is j on ! po9t ( rea*+ ! top ( ! r\gh m\nta9 :]e progress w %ortly give h] h] lawful place by ! side ( man4 ,b if my hopes are deceitful1 m>k me well1 ,m4 ,pr\dhon1 y w f9d me /&+ firmly 9 ! brea*1 &1 :atev] may be y\r /r5g?1 ,i v[ t y %all n ov]?r[ me4 ,i w c\rage\sly def5d ! "r & dignity ( y\r daught]s aga9/ ! despotism & logical error ( _! fa!r1 & ! victory w rema9 m9e1 =1 def9itively1 x always belongs to tru?4 ,pr\dhon repli$ by ! foll[+ lett] 9 ! ,revue ,philosophique3 ,,to ,,madame d',h,,ric\rt4 ,well1 ,madam1 :at did ,i tell y 9 my la/ lett]8 ,i consid] ! sort ( crusade t is be+ c>ri$ on at ?is "t by "s e/imable ladies 9 bo? hemisph]es 9 behalf ( _! sex1 z a symptom ( ! g5]al revolution t is be+ wr\ght2 b nev]!less z an exagg]at$ symptom1 an infatuation t proce$s precisely f ! inf]iority ( ! sex & its incapacity to und]/& & to gov]n itself4 ,i beg9 by )draw+ ! ^w infatuation1 :i* may h w\nd$ y1 b :i* 0 n1 z y "k1 int5d$ = publicity4 ,?is po9t adju/$1 ,i w tell y1 ,madam1 ) all ! respect t ,i owe y z a woman1 t ,i did n expect to see y confirm my judgm5t s spe$ily by y\r petulant appeal4 ,i 0 at fir/ at a loss to "k :5ce came ! discont5t t impell$ ! brave/1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ among y1 to an assault on pat]nal & m>ital supremacy4 ,i said to myself1 n )\t disquietude1 ,:at is ! matt]8 ,:at is x t tr\bles !m8 ,) :at d !y reproa* u8 ,to :i* ( our faculties1 our virtues1 our pr]ogatives2 or else ( our fail+s1 our p]fidies1 our calamities1 d !y aspire8 ,is ?is ! cry ( _! outrag$ nature1 or an ab]ration ( _! und]/&+8 ,y\r attack1 jo9$ to ! /udies :i* ,i imm$iately comm5c$ on ! subject1 came at la/ to solve ! "q4 ,no1 ,madam1 y "k no?+ ( y\r sex2 y d n "k ! fir/ ^w ( ! "q t y & y\r honorable conf$]ates are agitat+ ) s mu* noise & s little success4 ,&1 if y d n compreh5d ?is "q2 if1 9 y\r eight pages ( reply to my lett]1 !re are =ty p>alogisms1 x results precisely1 z ,i h told y1 f y\r sexual infirmity4 ,i mean by ?is ^w1 ! exactness ( :i* is n1 p]haps1 irreproa*able1 ! quality ( y\r und]/&+1 :i* p]mits y to seize ! relation ( ?+s only z f> z we1 m51 place y\r f+] ^u !m4 ,y h 9 ! bra91 z 9 ! body1 a c]ta9 organ incapable by itself ( ov]com+ its native in]tia1 & :i* ! mascul9e _s alone is capable ( sett+ 9 motion2 & ev5 ?is does n always succe$4 ,su*1 ,madam1 is ! result ( my direct & positive obs]vations2 ,i make !m ov] to y\r ob/etrical sagacity1 & leave y to calculate !refrom ! incalculable consequ5ces to y\r !sis4 ,i w will+ly ent] into an elaborate discussion ) y1 ,madam1 on ?is obscure subject1 9 ! ,revue ,philosophique4 ,b--z y w compreh5d z well z ,i--! broad] ! "q1 ! m x affects our mo/ sacr$1 social1 & dome/ic int]e/s1 ! m important is x t we %\ld approa* x ) s]i\sness & prud5ce4 ,! foll[+ c\rse1 !re=e1 appe>s to me indisp5sable3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 y h promis$ u a book1 & ,i await x4 ,i ne$ ?is "w to complete my docum5ts & to f9i% my demon/ration4 ,s9ce ,i _h ! honor ( receiv+ & reply+ to y\r lett]1 ,i h made e>ne/ & int]e/+ /udies on woman1 :i* ,i ask only to rectify if !y are errone\s2 z ,i also desire to set a seal on !m if1 z ,i h e reason to presume1 y\r publication br+s me b "o confirmation m4 ,i h v]ifi$ by facts & docum5ts ! tru? ( all ! ass]tions :i* y call on me to retract1 namely3 ,t ! diff]5ce ( sex raises up betwe5 man & woman a sep>ation ,,analog\s--,i did n say equal--to t :i* ! diff]5ce ( races & species e/abli%es betwe5 animals2 ,t by reason ( ?is sep>ation or diff]5ce1 man & woman are n associates2 ,i did n say t !y c\ld n be any?+ else2 ,t1 consequ5tly1 woman c only be a citiz5 9 s f> z %e is ! wife ( a citiz52 z we say ,madame la ,presid5te to ! wife ( a ,presid5t3 :i* does n imply t no o!r rle exi/s = h]4 ,9 two words1 ,i am 9 a position to e/abli%1 by obs]vation & reason+1 ! facts1 t woman1 be+ weak] ?an man ) respect to muscul> =ce1 z y y\rself ackn[l$ge1 is n less inf]ior to him ) respect to ,,indu/rial1 ,,arti/ic1 ,,philosophical & ,,moral ,,p[]2 s t if ! condition ( woman 9 society be regulat$1 z y dem& = h]1 by ! same ju/ice z ! condition ( man1 x is all ov] ) h]1 %e is a slave4 ,to :i* ,i add1 imm$iately1 t ?is sy/em is precisely :at ,i reject3 ! pr9ciple ( pure1 rigor\s "r1 ( t t]rible "r :i* ! ,roman comp>$ to an un%ea!d sword1 jus /rictum1 & :i* rules individuals ( ! same sex among !mselves1 be+ diff]5t f t :i* gov]ns ! relations betwe5 individuals ( diff]5t sexes4 ,:at is ?is pr9ciple1 diff]+ f ju/ice1 & :i*1 not)/&+1 w\ld n exi/ )\t ju/ice2 :i* all m5 feel 9 ! dep? ( _! s\ls1 & ( :i* y wom5 alone h no idea8 ,is x love8 no?+ m8 ,i leave x to y to div9e4 ,& if y\r p5etration succe$s 9 cle>+ up ?is my/]y1 ,i cons5t1 ,madam1 to sign y a c]tificate ( g5ius2 ,et eris mihi magnus ,apollo4 ,b !n y w h giv5 me ! cause4 ,su*1 ,madam1 9 a few words1 are ! conclusions to :i* ,i h arriv$1 & :i* ! read+ ( y\r book surely w n modify4 ,not)/&+1 z x is absolutely possible t y\r p]sonal obs]vations may h l$ y to diametrically opposite results1 good fai? 9 ! discussion & respect = our read]s & ourselves exact t1 be=e ent]+ ^u ! controv]sy1 a reciprocal int]*ange ( all ! docum5ts t we h collect$ %\ld be made betwe5 u4 ,y may take cognizance ( m9e4 ,"o o!r condition1 :i* ,i entreat y1 ,madam1 to take 9 good "p1 & f :i* ,i %all n dep>t "u any pretext1 is t y %all *oose y\rself a male sponsor4 ,y1 :o h decl>$ y\rself s en]getically on ?is po9t1 w\ld n wi% y\r adv]s>y to make ! lea/ sacrifice to gallantry 9 s s]i\s a discussion2 & y are "r4 ,b ,i1 ,madam1 :o am s f> f admitt+ y\r pret5sions1 _c ?us release myself f ! obligations :i* manly & honorable civility prescribes t[>ds ladies2 & z ,i propose1 besides1 to make y s]ve z a subject ( exp]im5t2 z1 aft] hav+ made ! autopsy ( five or six wom5 ( ! greate/ m]it = ! in/ruction ( my read]s1 ,i c\nt also on mak+ y\rs1 y w conceive t x is q impossible = me to argue f y1 ( y1 & ) y1 )\t expos+ myself at e ^w to a violation ( all ! rules ( conv5tionality4 ,i "k1 ,madam1 t su* a condition w annoy y2 x is "o ( ! disadvantages ( y\r position to :i* y mu/ submit c\rage\sly4 ,y are a pla9tiff1 &1 z a woman1 y affirm t y are oppress$4 ,appe>1 !n1 be=e ! judgm5t seat ( incorruptible public op9ion ) ?is tyrann\s *a9 :i* r\ses y\r ire1 & :i*1 accord+ to me1 exi/s only 9 y\r disord]$ imag9ation4 ,y w be b ! m int]e/+ = x4 ,besides1 y w\ld d]ide me if1 :ile su/a9+ ! sup]iority ( man1 ,i %\ld beg9 by accord+ to y ! equality ( woman by disput+ ) y on an equal foot+ ( companion%ip4 ,y h n c\nt$1 ,i imag9e1 ^u my fall+ into ?is inconsi/5cy4 ,y w n lack = *ampions1 besides4 ,i expect ( y\r c\rtesy1 ,madam1 t he :om y %all select z my antagoni/1 :o w sign & affirm all y\r articles1 & assume ! responsibility ( y\r affirmations & replies1 %all be wor?y ( bo? y & me2 s t1 9 f9e1 ,i %all n h a "r to compla9 t y h pitt$ me aga9/ a man ( /raw4 ,:at has mo/ surpris$ me1 s9ce ?is hypo!sis ( ! equality ( ! sexes1 r5ew$ by ! ,greeks z well z by _m o!rs1 has become kn[n among u1 has be5 to see t x numb]$ among its p>tisans almo/ z _m m5 z wom54 ,i s\ght a long "t = ! reason ( ?is /range fact1 :i* ,i at fir/ attribut$ to *ivalric zeal2 ,i ?9k n[ t ,i h f\nd x4 ,x is n to ! advantage ( ! knights4 ,i %all be glad1 ,madam1 = _! sake & y\rs1 if ?is s]i\s exam9ation %\ld prove t ! new emancipators ( woman are ! mo/ l(ty1 ! broade/1 & ! mo/ progressive1 if n ! mo/ mascul9e m9ds ( ! age4 ,y say1 ,madam1 t wom5 h a weakness = soldi]s4 ,x is d\btless on ?is acc\nt t y h la%$ me s\ndly4 ,he :o love?1 *a/5e?4 ,:5 ,i 0 ?ree ye>s & a half old1 my "m1 to get rid ( me1 s5t me to a s*ool-mi/ress ( ! neighborhood1 an excell5t woman1 call$ ,madelon4 ,"o day %e ?reat5$ to :ip me = "s piece ( mis*ief4 ,x made me furi\s4 ,i snat*$ h] swit* f h] h&1 & flung x 9 h] face4 ,i 0 always a disob$i5t subject4 ,i %all be glad1 !re=e1 to f9d t y d n assume t[>ds me ca/igat+ airs1 :i* x does n belong to a man to return2 b ,i leave ?is to y\r discretion4 ,/rike1 r$\ble ! bl[s1 d n sp>e me2 & if ,i %\ld *ance to gr[ re/ive "u ! rod1 believe me none ! less1 ,madam1 y\r affectionate s]vant & compatriot1 ,,pr\dhon4 ,tak+ up ! discussion 9 turn1 ,i repli$ z foll[s1 9 ! ensu+ ,febru>y numb]3-- ,i am =bidd51 sir1 to answ] y\r lett] 9 ! indecor\s /yle :i* y h deem$ prop] to assume t[>ds me3 ,by respect = ! gravity ( my subject2 ,by respect = our read]s2 ,by respect = myself4 ,y f9d y\rself ill at ease 9 ! ,popilian circle t has be5 trac$ ar\nd y by ! h& ( a woman2 all und]/& ?is1 ,i among ! re/4 ,ill-arm$ = def5ce1 worse arm$1 p]haps1 = attack1 y w\ld l to escape2 b y\r skill z a tactician w avail y no?+2 y %all n quit ! fatal circle till vanqui%$1 ei!r by me1 or by y\rself1 if y confess y\r weakness on ! po9t 9 litigation1 by cont9u+ to refuse a discussion "u flimsy pretexts1 or1 la/ly1 by public op9ion1 :i* w aw>d to y ! quality ( inconsi/5cy1 ! lea/ desirable ( all to a dialectician4 ,?is be+ und]/ood1 ,i mu/ tell y t1 p]sonally1 ,i am satisfi$ t y %\ld attack1 9 ! rights ( woman1 ! cause ( ju/ice & progress4 ,x is an augury ( success to ?is cause2 y h always be5 fatal to all t y h s\ght to su/a94 ,x is true t y\r attitude 9 ?is "q makes y ! ally ( ! dogmatism ( ! ,middle ,age2 x is true t ! (ficial repres5tatives ( ?is dogmatism avail !mselves1 at ! pres5t "t1 ( y\r argum5ts & y\r "n to ma9ta9 _! influ5ce ov] wom51 & ?r\gh !m ov] m5 & *ildr52 & ?is 9 ord] to revive ! pa/1 to /ifle ! future4 ,is ?is y\r int5tion8 ,i d n believe x4 ,y are1 9 my eyes1 a subv]t]1 a de/roy]1 9 :om in/9ct sometimes gets ! bett] ( intellect1 & f :om x %uts out a cle> view ( ! consequ5ces ( 8 writ+s4 ,=m$ = /rife1 y mu/ h adv]s>ies2 &1 9 default ( enemies1 y cruelly fall on ^? :o are fight+ 9 ! same ranks ) y\rself4 ,9 all y\r writ+s1 "o feels t ! second "p ( education--t :i* inspires respect & love ( woman--is completely want+ 9 y4 ,let u come to y\r lett]4 ,y reproa* me ) hav+ made =ty p>alogisms2 x 0 y\r duty at lea/ to h cit$ "o ( ^!4 ,h[ev]1 let u see4 ,y say3 betwe5 man & woman !re is a sep>ation ( ! same nature z t :i* ! diff]5ce ( race e/abli%es betwe5 animals4 ,woman1 by nature & de/9ation1 is nei!r associate1 nor citiz51 nor function>y4 ,%e is1 until m>riage1 only appr5tice1 at mo/1 "u-sup]9t5d5t 9 ! social work%op2 %e is a m9or 9 ! family1 & does n =m a "p ( ! commonweal?4 ,y conceive ( no de/9y = h] outside ( ! h\sehold3 %e c be only h\sewife or c\rtesan4 ,%e is incapable ( und]/&+ & ( gov]n+ h]self4 ,to make a p>alogism is to draw a conclusion f false premises2 n[ did ,i conclude f su* 9 say+3 ,9 ord] t all ^! p>adoxes may become tru?s1 y h to prove3 ,t man & woman are n ( ! same race2 ,t !y c be reproduc$ sep>ately2 ,t _! common product is a mix$ bre$ or a mule2 ,t diff]5ce ( races corresponds to diff]5ce ( rights4 ,y h to def9e = u an association1 & also ! nature ( a citiz5 or a function>y4 ,y h to prove t woman is less useful ?an man 9 society2 ,t1 at ! pres5t "t1 %e is necess>ily a h\sewife1 :5 %e is n a c\rtesan2 ,t %e is de/itute ( intellect1 t %e kn[s no?+ ( gov]nm5t4 ,y pret5d t woman has n a "r to dem& = h]self special legislation4 ,0 ,i guilty ( a p>alogism 9 po9t+ out to y t x is n %e1 b y1 :o dem& ?is1 s9ce y lay d[n z a pr9ciple ! inequality ( ! sexes be=e human law8 ,all t y say relatively to ! pret5d$ inf]iority ( woman & ! conclusions :i* y draw f x apply+ to human races inf]ior to our own1 x w\ld be easy = me to demon/rate t ! consequ5ce ( y\r pr9ciples is ! re-e/abli%m5t ( slav]y4 ,! ne>e/ p]fect has ! "r to take advantage ( ! weake/1 in/ead ( becom+ 8 educator4 ,an admirable doctr9e1 full ( ! _s ( progress1 full ( g5]osity6 ,i complim5t y mo/ s9c]ely on x4 ,y say t labor specializ$ is ! great emancipator ( man2 t labor1 consci5ce1 lib]ty1 & reason1 f9d only 9 !mselves _! "r to exi/ & to act2 t ^! pure =ces con/itute ! human p]son1 :i* is sacr$4 ,y lay d[n ! pr9ciple t ! law is ! same = all2 s t1 to e/abli% exceptions1 x w\ld be necess>y to prove t ! individuals except$ are above or b5ea? ! human species4 ,y say t social equilibrium is ! equalization ( ! /rong & ! weak2 t all h ! same rights1 n ?r\gh t :i* di/+ui%es !m f ea* o!r1 b ?r\gh t :i* is common to !m1--! quality ( human be+s4 ,0 ,i guilty ( p>alogisms 9 say+ to y3 ,!n y _c1 by reason ( h] weakness or ev5 ( a suppos$ inf]iority1 exclude woman f equality ( "r3 y\r pr9ciples int]dict x1 unless y prove3 ,t %e is sup]ior or inf]ior to ! human species1 & t %e does n =m a "p ( x2 ,t %e is de/itute ( consci5ce1 ( ju/ice1 & ( reason2 t %e does n labor1 t %e does n execute specialties ( labor4 ,x is evid5t1 t y\r doctr9e conc]n+ g5]al "r is 9 contradiction to y\r doctr9e conc]n+ ! "r ( wom52 x is evid5t t y are v inconsequ5t1 & t1 h[ev] skillful y may be1 y _c extricate y\rself f ?is emb>rassm5t4 ,9 :at y call an answ]1 !re are a few passages t are wor? ! tr\ble ( paus+ to consid]4 ,y ask :at impels ! brave/1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ among u to an assault on pat]nal & m>ital supremacy4 ,y d n compreh5d ! movem5t1 or y w\ld h said mascul9e supremacy4 ,9 my turn1 ,i ask y3 ,:at w\ld h impell$ ,pr\dhon1 a ,roman slave1 to play ! "p ( ,sp>tacus8 ,:at w\ld h impell$ ,pr\dhon1 a feudal s]f1 to organize a ,jacqu]ie8 ,:at w\ld h impell$ ,pr\dhon1 a black slave1 to become a ,t\ssa9t ,l',ouv]ture8 ,:at w\ld h impell$ ,pr\dhon1 a ,russian s]f1 to take ! "* ( ,p\tga*ef8 ,:at w\ld h impell$ ,pr\dhon1 a citiz5 ( '#hi1 to ov]?r[ ! privileges ( ! nobility & ! cl]gy8 ,:at w\ld impel ,pr\dhon 444 b ,i w n t\* on reality4 ,:at w\ld ,pr\dhon h repli$ to all ! hold]s ( pr]ogatives & supremacy1 :o w\ld n h fail$ on _! "p to h put to him ! nave "q3 ,ah6 :at does ?is vile slave1 ?is unwor?y s]f1 ?is audaci\s & /upid citiz5 want ( u1 !n8 ,to :i* ( our faculties1 our virtues1 our pr]ogatives does he aspire8 ,is ?is ! cry ( 8 outrag$ nature1 or an ab]ration ( 8 und]/&+8 ,! answ] t ,pr\dhon w\ld make1 is t :i* w be made to him by all wom5 :o h atta9$ majority4 ,!re is 9 ! bra9 ( woman1 say y1 an organ :i* ! mascul9e m9d alone is capable ( sett+ 9 motion4 ,r5d] ! s]vice !n to sci5ce ( po9t+ x out & demon/rat+ its mann] ( work+4 ,z to ! o!r organ ( :i* y speak1 x is its in]tia1 d\btless1 t has caus$ x to be def9$ by "s1 p>vum animal furibondum1 octo ligam5tis alligatum4 ,be=e *oos+ anatomical & physiological facts z pro(s ( y\r ass]tions1 consult "s le>n$ physician2 su* is ! c\nsel giv5 y1 n only by my ob/etrical1 b also by my m$ical sagacity4 ,y (f] to acqua9t me ) y\r direct & positive obs]vations4 ,:at1 ,sir6 has x be5 possible = y 9 a few weeks to delve into ! dep?s ( ! heal?y & ! diseas$ organization6 to g ?r\gh ! :ole labyr9? ( functions implicat$ 9 ! que/ions4 ,x is m ?an miracul\s2 despite my good w1 ,i _c believe x1 unless y prove t y are a prophet 9 communication ) "s deity4 ,%all ,i tell y :at ,i really ?9k8 ,x is t y h /udi$ ^! matt]s nei!r directly nor indirectly1 & t x belongs to me to tell y t y d n und]/& woman2 t y d n "k ! fir/ ^w ( ! "q4 ,y\r five or six purely moral & intellectual autopsies prove only "o ?+2 namely1 y\r inexp]i5ce 9 physiology4 ,y h navely mi/ak5 ! scalpel ( y\r imag9ation = t ( sci5ce4 ,) reg>d to autopsies1 y tell me t y are await+ my promis$ "w1 9 ord] to make m9e4 ,x w\ld be d\btless a great honor to be /ret*$ on y\r dissect+ table 9 su* good company z y promise me1 b ! in/ruction ( my future read]s does n p]mit me to enjoy ?is satisfaction4 ,i %all n s5d my book to press until y\r own %all h appe>$1 = ,i1 too1 int5d to make y\r autopsy2 dissect me !re=e n[2 ,i promise y on my side t ,i w p]=m my duty consci5ti\sly1 prop]ly & delicately4 ,woman1 y say1 be+ weak] ?an man ) respect to muscul> =ce1 is n less inf]ior to him ) respect to ,,indu/rial1 ,,arti/ic1 ,,philosophical ,,& ,,moral ,,p[]2 s t if ! condition ( woman 9 society be regulat$1 z y dem& = h]1 by ! same ju/ice z ! condition ( man1 x is all ov] ) h]2 %e is a slave4 ,t]rible man1 y w be !n always inconsi/5t1 y w always contradict y\rself & facts6 ,:at d y hold z ! basis ( "r8 ,! simple quality ( be+ human2 ev]y?+ t di/+ui%es individuals disappe>s be=e "r4 ,well6 ev5 ?\gh x 7 true t wom5 7 inf]ior to m51 w\ld x foll[ t _! rights 7 n ! same8 ,accord+ to y1 by no means1 if !y =m a "p ( ! human species4 ,!re are n two k9ds ( ju/ice1 !re is b "o2 !re are n two k9ds ( "r1 !re is b "o 9 ! absolute s5se4 ,! recognition & respect ( individual autonomy 9 ! l[e/ ( human be+s z well z 9 ! man & woman ( g5ius is ! law :i* %\ld preside ov] social relations2 mu/ a woman tell y ?is6 ,let u n[ exam9e ! value ( y\r s]ies ( man & woman4 ,) respect to ! reproduction ( ! species1 !y =m a s]ies2 ?is is beyond dispute4 ,z to ! re/1 d !y =m a s]ies8 ,no4 ,if x 7 a law t woman is muscul>ly weak] ?an man1 ! /ronge/ woman w\ld be weak] ?an ! weake/ man2 facts demon/rate ! contr>y daily4 ,if x 7 a law t wom5 are inf]ior to m5 9 indu/rial p[]1 ! mo/ skillful woman w\ld be inf]ior 9 indu/rial pursuits to ! lea/ skillful man2 n[ facts demon/rate daily t !re are wom5 :o are excell5t manufactur]s & excell5t manag]s2 m5 :o are unskill$ 9 & unsuit$ to ?is k9d ( pursuits4 ,if x 7 a law t wom5 are inf]ior to m5 9 arti/ic p[]1 ! be/ female arti/ w\ld be inf]ior to ! mo/ indiff]5t male arti/2 n[ facts daily demon/rate ! contr>y2 !re are m great female ?an male trag$ians2 _m m5 are m$iocre 9 music & pa9t+1 & _m wom51 on ! o!r h&1 rem>kable 9 bo? respects1 etc41 etc4 ,:at foll[s f all ?is8 ,t y\r s]ies is false1 s9ce facts de/roy x4 ,h[ did y =m x8 ,! process is a curi\s /udy4 ,y *ose a few rem>kable m51 9 :om1 by a conv5i5t process ( ab/raction1 y beheld all m51 ev5 to cret9s2 y "h took a few wom51 )\t tak+ into acc\nt 9 ! slighte/ degree any diff]5ces ( culture1 in/ruction1 & surr\nd+s1 & comp>$ !m ) ^! em95t m51 tak+ c>e to =get ^? t might h emb>rass$ y2 !n1 d$uc+ g5]als f p>ticul>s1 creat+ two entities1 y drew y\r conclusions4 ,a /range mann] ( reason+1 truly6 ,y h fall5 into ! mania ( impos+ rules on ,nature1 in/ead ( /udy+ ,nature's rules1 & des]ve t ,i %\ld apply y\r own words to y3 ,! greate/ "p ( ! philosophical ab]rations & *im]as h aris5 f attribut+ to logical s]ies a reality t !y d n possess1 & endeavor+ to expla9 ! nature ( man by ab/ractions4 ,/ill1 if ?is 7 to /r5g!n y\r doctr9es conc]n+ ! basis ( "r1 x might be compreh5d$2 b x is to ov]?r[ !m6 ,y trans=m y\rself into a ,sph9x1 to propose to me a riddle4 ,:at is t "r1 y say1 :i* is n ju/ice1 & :i*1 not)/&+1 w\ld n exi/ )\t x1 :i* presides ov] ! relations ( bo? sexes1 ! jus /rictum gov]n+ only individuals ( ! same sex4 ,if y div9e x1 y w h giv5 me ! cause4 ,x is n necess>y to be ! great ,apollo1 to div9e t x is ! "r ( grace1 ( m]cy1 t[>ds an inf]ior t is n arm$ ) /rict "r4 ,if ,i h div9$ rightly1 y h simply begg$ ! "q by suppos+ t resolv$ :i* ,i dispute4 ,i ma9ta9 t !re is only "o "r1 t "o s+le "r presides ov] ! rights ( individuals & ( sexes1 & t ! "r ( m]cy belongs to ! doma9 ( s5tim5t4 ,y wi% x prov$ t ! new emancipators ( woman are ! mo/ elevat$1 ! broade/1 & ! mo/ progressive m9ds ( ! age4 ,rejoice1 y\r wi% is accompli%$3 a simple comp>ison betwe5 !m & _! adv]s>ies w prove x to y4 ,! emancipators1 tak+ woman 9 ! cradle ( humanity1 see h] m>*+ sl[ly t[>ds civil emancipation4 ,! intellig5t disciples ( progress1 !y wi%1 by ext5d+ a frat]nal h& to h]1 to aid h] 9 fulfill+ h] de/9y4 ,! non-emancipators1 d5y+ ! hi/orical law1 reg>dless ( ! progressive & p>allel movem5t ( ! populace1 woman1 & ! indu/rial arts t[>ds affran*isem5t1 wi% to ?ru/ h] back f> beyond ! ,middle ,age1 to ! days ( ,romulus & ! ,hebrew patri>*s4 ,! emancipators1 believ+ 9 individual autonomy1 respect+ x1 & recogniz+ x 9 woman1 wi% to aid h] to conqu] x4 ,judg+ ( ! ne$ t a free be+ has ( lib]ty by ! ne$ t !y h ( x !mselves1 !y are consi/5t4 ,! non-emancipators1 bl9d$ by pride1 p]v]t$ by a love ( dom9ion z unbridl$ z un9tellig5t1 desire lib]ty only = !mselves4 ,^! egoti/s1 s suspici\s ( ^? t m5ace _! own fre$om1 wi% half ! human species to be 9 _! *a9s4 ,! emancipators h en\gh he>t & ideality to desire a companion ) :om !y c ex*ange s5tim5t & ?\ght1 & :o c improve !m 9 "s respects & be improv$ by !m 9 o!rs2 !y love & respect woman4 ,! non-emancipators1 )\t ideality1 )\t love1 *a9$ to _! s5ses & _! pride1 despise woman2 & wi% to h 9 h] only a female1 a s]vant1 a ma*9e to produce "y ones4 ,!y are males1 !y are n yet m54 ,! emancipators desire p]fection ( ! species1 9 a ?ree-fold po9t ( view3 physical1 moral1 & intellectual4 ,!y "k t races _c be improv$ )\t select+ & p]fect+ ! mo!rs4 ,! non-emancipators are b5t ^u some?+ q diff]5t f ! improvem5t ( ! species3 let _! *ildr5 be lack+ 9 intellig5ce1 malici\s1 ugly1 or de=m$2 !y ?9k mu* less ( ?is ?an ( be+ ma/]s4 ,d !y "k en\gh ( physiology to h reflect$ t ! faculties dep5d on organization1 t organization is capable ( modification1 t modifications are transmitt$1 t woman has a great %>e 9 ?is transmission1 a great] %>e1 p]haps1 ?an t ( man8 ,x is !re=e ess5tial to place h] 9 a condition to p]=m ?is great function 9 ! mann] mo/ useful to humanity4 ,! emancipators desire humanity to g =w>d1 to vibrate no long] betwe5 ! pa/ & ! future2 !y "k ! influ5ce t wom5 possess1 fir/ ov] *ildr51 !n ov] m52 !y "k t woman _c s]ve progress unless %e f9ds x to h] int]e/ to d s2 t %e w f9d x s only ?r\gh lib]ty2 t %e w love x only if h] intellect is elevat$ by /udy1 & h] he>t purifi$ f ! petty selfi%ness ( home by ! pr$om9at+ love ( ! great human family4 ,z !y desire ! end s9c]ely1 !y s9c]ely desire ! means2 s long z half ! human race %all labor z x is do+ to de/roy ! edifice con/ruct$ by a few memb]s ( ! o!r half2 s long z half ! human race1 ! "o t secretly gov]ns ! o!r1 %all h its face turn$ t[>ds ! pa/1 ! l&m>ks t po9t to ! future w be ?reat5$ ) be+ torn up4 ,d y consid] x a crime 9 ! emancipators to compreh5d ?is1 to seek to conjure d[n ! p]il2 & d y consid] a virtue 9 ! non-emancipators ! fooli% pride t places a cat>act ov] _! eyes8 ,a few words m1 & ,i %all h done4 ,y w\ld r1 y say1 t ,i %\ld n assume ca/igat+ airs ) y4 ,b h y really ! "r to compla9 ( x1 y :o h con/itut$ y\rself ! *ief :ipp]-9 ( ! economi/s & ! sociali/s8 ,i %all nev] g s f> t[>ds y z y h gone t[>ds !m4 ,y mu/ resign y\rself to my abrupt1 sometimes h>% /yle4 ,i am implacable t[>ds :atev] appe>s to me false & unju/2 & 7 y my bro!r1 ,i %\ld n w> aga9/ y less %>ply2 be=e all ties ( affection & family1 %\ld come ! love ( ju/ice & humanity4 ,i owe n[ to my read]s & to y1 sir1 ! exposition ( ! !sis t ,i und]take to su/a92 = ! phrase1 ! emancipation ( wom5 has be51 & is1 q v>i\sly int]pret$4 ,) respect to "r1 man & woman are equal1 :e!r ! equality ( faculties be admitt$ or reject$4 ,b = a tru? to be useful1 x mu/ be adapt$ to ! surr\nd+s into :i* we seek to introduce x4 ,absolute "r be+ recogniz$1 ! practice ( x rema9s4 ,9 practice1 ,i see two k9ds ( rights3 woman is ripe = ! ex]cise ( "o ( !m2 b ,i ackn[l$ge t ! practice ( ! second w\ld be at pres5t dang]\s1 by reason ( ! education t ! majority ( !m h receiv$4 ,y compreh5d me1 )\t mak+ x necess>y = me to expla9 myself m cle>ly 9 a ,review 9 :i* social & political subjects are int]dict$4 ,! directors ( ! ,revue hav+ in=m$ me t my adv]s>y refus$ to cont9ue ! discussion1 ,i made ! foll[+ recapitulation ( 8 cre$1 conc]n+ ! rights & nature ( woman4 ,to ! editors ( ! ,revue ,philosophique et ,religieuse3 ,y in=m me t ,m4 ,pr\dhon w n reply to ! que/ions t ,i h put to him2 ,i h nei!r ! means nor ! wi% to con/ra9 him to d s4 ,i %all n inquire into ! motives ( 8 det]m9ation2 my bus9ess n[ is only to make an exposition ( 8 cre$1 :i* may be summ$ up 9 ?is wise3 ,i believe t betwe5 man & woman1 !re is a sep>ation ( ! same nature z t :i* ! diff]5ce ( race places betwe5 animals2 ,i believe t1 by nature & by de/9ation1 woman is nei!r associate1 nor function>y1 nor citiz52 ,i believe t1 9 ! social work%op1 %e is1 until h] m>riage1 only appr5tice1 at mo/ "u-sup]9t5d5t2 ,i believe t %e is a m9or 9 ! family1 art1 sci5ce1 manufactures1 & philosophy1 & t %e is no?+ 9 ! commonweal?2 ,i believe t %e c only be h\sewife or c\rtesan2 ,i believe t %e is incapable ( und]/&+ & ( gov]n+ h]self2 ,i believe firmly t ! basis ( ! equality ( rights is 9 ! simple quality ( be+ human2 n[1 woman be+ unable to h rights equal to ^? ( man1 ,i affirm t %e does n belong to ! human species4 ,is ,pr\dhon consci\s h[ f> 8 cre$ is 9 opposition to sci5ce1 to facts1 to ! law ( progress1 to ! t5d5cies ( our own age1 & does he d>e to attempt to ju/ify x by pro(s8 ,does he feel t ?is cre$ classes him among ! abettors ( ! dogmatism ( ! ,middle ,age1 & does he recoil be=e su* a responsibility8 ,if ?is 7 ! case1 ,i %\ld praise him = 8 prud5t sil5ce1 & x w\ld be my w>me/ desire t he %\ld keep x =ev] on ! "q t divides u4 ,to treat a subject1 x is necess>y to love & und]/& x2 ,i d>e n say t ,pr\dhon does n love woman1 b ,i d affirm t he does n und]/& h]2 he sees 9 h] no?+ m ?an ! female ( man2 8 peculi> organization seems to r5d] him unfit = ! inve/igation ( su* a subject4 ,he promises1 9 ! "w t he is prep>+1 to treat ( ! sph]e & ! rights ( wom52 if 8 doctr9e has = its basis ! p>adoxical affirmations ( 8 cre$1 ,i hope t he w ?is "t take pa9s to re/ !m at lea/ ^u ! semblances ( pro(s1 :i* ,i %all exam9e ) all ! att5tion ( :i* ,i am capable4 ,by %r9k+ f discussion1 he _c escape my criticism4 ,! two /udies ( ,pr\dhon are simply ! developm5t ( ?is cre$4 ,i promis$ to dissect ! au?or2 !re=e1 ,i %all d s4 ,let me n be reproa*$ ) be+ pitiless2 ,pr\dhon has des]v$ x4 ,let me n be reproa*$ ) be+ a reason+ ma*9e2 ) su* an adv]s>y1 "o %\ld be no?+ else4 ,let me n be reproa*$ ) be+ h>%2 ,pr\dhon has %[n a h>%ness & inju/ice ) respect to wom51 ev5 ! mo/ illu/ri\s1 t exce$ all b\nds4 ,if ,i am h>%1 ,i w endeavor on my "p n to be unju/4 ,i4 ,well1 ,m4 ,pr\dhon1 y h s\ght w> ) wom56 ,w> y %all h4 ,y h said1 n )\t reason1 t ! ,comtois are an ob/9ate race2 n[1 ,i am y\r c\ntrywoman2 & z woman g5]ally c>ries virtues & fail+s f>!r ?an man1 ,i int5d to outdo y 9 ob/9acy4 ,i h rais$ ! bann] "u :i* y\r daught]s w "o day take %elt] if !y are wor?y ( ! "n !y be>2 ,i w hold x ) a firm h& & w nev] suff] x to be /ruck d[n2 aga9/ su* z y1 ,i h ! he>t & claws ( a lioness4 ,y beg9 by say+ t y by no means desir$ to treat ( ! inequality ( ! sexes1 b t half a doz5 insurg5t wom5 ) ink-/a9$ f+]s hav+ defi$ y to discuss ! "q1 y w e/abli% by facts & docum5ts ! physical1 intellectual & moral inf]iority ( woman2 t y w prove t h] emancipation is ! same ?+ z h] pro/itution1 & w take h] def5ce 9 h& aga9/ ! rambl+ talk ( a few impure wom5 :om s9 has r5d]$ mad4--7,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #ccg47 ,i alone1 by %utt+ y up 9 a circle ( contradictions1 h d>$ defy y to discuss ! "q2 ,i sum up1 !re=e1 9 my own p]son1 ! few impure wom5 :om s9 has r5d]$ mad4 ,insults ( ?is sort _c t\* me2 ! e/eem1 ! reg>d1 ! preci\s fri5d%ip ( em95tly respectable m5 & wom5 suffice to r$uce unwor?y ins9uations to naught4 ,i %\ld n notice !m1 ) su* contempt d !y inspire me1 7 x n necess>y to tell y t ! "t has gone by :5 "o might hope to /ifle ! voice ( a woman by attack+ h] purity4 ,if y d n ask ! man :o dem&s 8 rights & seeks to prove _! legitimacy1 :e!r he is upright1 *a/e1 etc41 no m h y ! "r to ask ! "q ( ! woman :o makes ! same claim4 ,7 ,i !re=e s un=tunate z to be ! vile/ ( mortals z reg>ds *a/ity1 ?is w\ld n at all less5 ! value ( my claim4 ,i greatly dislike any ju/ification1 b ,i owe x to ! sacr$ cause t ,i def5d1 ,i owe x to my fri5ds1 to tell y t ! moral education :i* my sa9t$1 lam5t$ "m gave me1 toge!r ) sci5tific /udies1 s]i\s philosophy1 & cont9ual occupation1 h kept me 9 :at is commonly call$ ! "r pa?1 & h /r5g!n$ ! horror t ,i feel = all tyranny1 :e!r x be /yl$ man or temp]am5t4 ,y accuse y\r biograph] ( hav+ committ$ an indignity 9 direct+ an accusation aga9/ a woman1 because ?is woman 0 y\r wife2 d y n commit an indignity y\rself 9 insult+ _m o!rs8 ,& if y blame ^? :o calumniate ! morals ( ,pr\dhon because he is n ( _! op9ion1 9 :at light d y ?9k t m5 w reg>d y\r calumni\s ins9uations aga9/ wom51 because !y d n ?9k l y8 ,y claim t we h no morality1 because we lack respect t[>ds ! dignity ( o!rs2 :o has set u ?is dete/able example m ?an y8 ,y1 :o /yle y\rself ! *ampion ( ! pr9ciples ( '#hi--:o are ! m5 & wom5 :om y attack8 ,!y :o are 9 diff]5t degrees1 & f diff]5t /& po9ts1 9 favor ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,y\r ang] has no b\nds aga9/ ,george ,s&1 our great prose writ]1 ! au?or ( ! bullet9s ( ! republic ( '#dh4 ,y depreciate ,madame de ,/el1 :om y h n read1 & :o 0 9 advance ( mo/ ( ! mascul9e writ]s ( h] epo*4 ,two scaffolds are erect$1 two wom5 m\nt !reon3 ,madame ,rol& & ,m>ie ,anto9ette4 ,i1 a woman1 w n ca/ insult on ! decapitat$ que51 dy+ ) dignity & c\rage2 no1 ,i b[ be=e ! block1 :atev] head may lay on x1 & wipe away my te>s4 ,b1 ,m>ie ,anto9ette di$ ! victim ( ! faults t h] pr9cely education _h caus$ h] to commit aga9/ ! mod]n pr9ciples2 :ile ,madame ,rol&1 ! *a/e & noble wife1 di$ = ! revolution1 & di$ bless+ x4 ,:5ce comes x t y greet ! que5 ) y\r sympa?ies1 :ile y h n\ght b words ( blame & contempt = ! revolutioni/8 ,& ! m5 t belong to ! great p>ty ( ! future1 h[ d y /yle !m8 ,! ,girond9s1 effem9ate2 ,robespi]re & 8 adh]5ts1 eunu*s2 ,! g5tle ,b]n>d9 de ,/4 ,pi]re1 effem9ate2 ,m4 ,leg\v & ^? :o ?9k l him conc]n+ ! emancipation ( wom51 effem9ate2 ,m4 de ,gir>d91 absurd2 ,brang]1 a pitiable au?or1 & effem9ate2 ,jean ,jacques1 n only ! pr9ce ( effem9ates1 b ! greate/ enemy ( ! p & ! revolution--he :o 0 evid5tly ! *ief au?or ( our ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,are we n ju/ifi$ 9 ask+ y1 :e!r y are = or aga9/ ! ,revolution8 ,m4 ,pr\dhon1 y h =feit$ y\r "r to all consid]ation1 s9ce y h none = ^? :o h nei!r (f5d$ y or (f]$ y provocation1 ^? :o h nev] pret5d$ to r$uce y to s]vitude2 m5 h lack$ c\rage2 !y ought to h /opp$ y :5 y began to desc5d to insult+ p]sonalities2 :at !y h n done1 ,i1 a woman1 w d1 fe>+ no?+1 or no "o1 except my own consci5ce4 ,pr\dhon1 ! greate/ enemy ( ! p1 is ! writ] :o1 tread+ "u foot reason & consci5ce1 sci5ce & facts1 calls to 8 aid all ! ignorance1 all ! despotism ( ! pa/1 to mislead ! _s ( ! p ) respect to ! rights ( half ! human species4 ,pr\dhon1 ! greate/ enemy ( ! revolution1 is he :o %[s x to wom5 z a toy2 :o deta*es !m f its holy cause by conf\nd+ x ) ! negation ( _! rights2 :o attacks & vilifies ! advocates ( progress2 :o d>es1 9 f9e1 9 ! "n ( ! pr9ciples ( g5]al emancipation1 to proclaim ! social annihilation & ! conjugal s]vitude ( "o entire half ( humanity4 ,behold ! enemy ( ! p & ( ! revolution6 ,,ii4 ,i _h proce$$ ?us f> 9 my reply :51 paus+ to take brea? & to reflect1 ,i grew calm4 ,:at6 said ,i to myself1 h ,i !n no m s5se ?an to take 9 e>ne/ t %apeless ?+ honor$ by ! "n ( !ory by ! good p :o are s bewild]$ by ! noise ( ,pr\dhon's drum & tam-tam t !y see />s at noon-day & ! sun at midnight8 ,let me be calm1 let me n give to ! affair m importance ?an x possesses2 & s9ce ,i mu/ set =? ?is ?+ to my read]s1 let me d x 9 a fitt+ tone4 ,we w leave ,pr\dhon to expla9 himself 9 8 own words4 ,no soon] _h ,i tak5 ?is good resolution1 ?an ,i evok$ ,m4 ,pr\dhon1 & said to him 9 all humility3 ,ma/]1 ,i come to y t y may def9e = me ! nature ( woman1 & also some?+ ( ! nature ( man4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,y d well1 = ,i alone am capable ( in/ruct+ y2 li/5 !n to me4 ,! complete human be+1 adequate to 8 de/9y1 ,i speak ( ! physical1 is ! male1 :o1 ?r\gh 8 virility1 atta9s ! highe/ degree ( muscul> & n]v\s t5sion comport+ ) 8 nature & end1 & !nce1 ! maximum ( action 9 labor & 9 battle4 ,woman is a ,,dim9utive ( man1 lack+ "o organ to become a pubesc5t y\?4 ,%e is a receptacle = ! g]ms t man alone produces1 a place ( incubation1 l ! e>? = ! se$ ( ! :eat2 an organ in]t 9 itself1 & purposeless ) respect to ! woman4 ,su* an organization--presupposes ! subord9ation ( ! subject4 ,9 h]self1 ,i speak /ill ( ! physical1 woman has no reason to exi/2 %e is an in/rum5t ( reproduction :i* x has pleas$ nature to *oose 9 pref]5ce to any o!r4 ,woman1 9 ?is fir/ c\nt1 is inf]ior to man3 a sort ( mean t]m betwe5 him & ! re/ ( ! animal k+dom4--,ju/ice1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 etc4 ,& rem>k t ,i am n alone 9 my op9ion3 ,woman is n only diff]5t f man1 says ,p>acelsus1 %e is diff]5t because %e is less]1 because h] sex con/itutes = h] "o faculty less4 ,:]ev] virility is want+1 ! subject is imp]fect2 :]ev] x is tak5 away1 ! subject det]iorates4 ,woman lacks no?+ 9 ! physical po9t ( view except to produce g]ms4 ,likewise1 9 ! intellectual po9t ( view1 woman possesses p]ceptions1 memory & imag9ation1 %e is capable ( att5tion1 reflection1 & judgm5t2 :at does %e lack8 ,! p[] ( produc+ g]ms1 t is1 ideas4--,id4 ,n[1 foll[ my reason+ closely3 ,x be+ admitt$ t /r5g? has "s weight 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( "r2 x be+ admitt$1 on ! o!r h&1 t woman is "o ?ird weak] ?an man1 %e w !n be to man1 9 physical respects1 z two is to ?ree4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ! social work%op1 ! value ( ! products ( woman w be "o ?ird less ?an t ( ! products ( man2 !re=e1 9 ! division ( social advantages1 ! proportion w be ! same3 ?us says ju/ice4 ,man w always be /rong] & w always produce m1 :i* signifies t man w be ! ma/]1 & t woman w obey1 dura lex1 s$ lex4--,id4 ,besides1 reflect t woman falls to ! *>ge ( man dur+ ge/ation2 h] physical weakness1 h] infirmities1 h] mat]nity1 exclude h] inevitably & judicially f all political1 doctr9al & indu/rial direction4--,id4 ,we w n[ proce$ to ! second po9t4 ,b fir/1 m>k well t woman1 l all else1 is autonomic2 woman1 consid]$ ap>t f ! influ5ce ( man1 is ! !sis2 woman1 consid]$ "u ! influ5ce ( man1 is ! anti!sis2 x is ! !sis t we are n[ exam9+4 ,let u !re=e approa* ! !tic woman 9 ! intellectual relation4 ,we w fir/ admit ! pr9ciple t ?\ght is proportional to =ce2 :5ce we h a "r to conclude t man possesses a /rong] intellect ?an woman4 ,?us we see man alone possess+ g5ius4 ,z to woman1 %e is no?+ 9 sci5ce2 we owe to h] no inv5tion1 n ev5 h] di/aff & sp9dle4 ,%e nev] g5]alizes1 nev] syn!tizes2 h] m9d is anti-metaphysical2 %e _c produce any regul> "w1 n ev5 a romance2 %e composes no?+ b m$leys1 mon/]s2 %e makes epigrams1 satire2 does n "k h[ to express a judgm5t 9 set t]ms1 nor assign its causes2 x 0 n %e :o creat$ ab/ract words1 su* z cause1 "t1 space1 quantity1 relation4 ,woman is a true table rapp+ m$ium4--,id4 ,i h already told y t woman does n produce intellectual g]ms any m ?an physical g]ms2 h] intellectual inf]iority tells ^u ! quality ( ! product z mu* z ^u ! int5sity & duration ( ! action &1 z 9 ?is feeble nature1 ! defect ( ! idea results f ! lack ( en]gy ( ! ?\ght1 x may be truly said t woman possesses a m9d ess5tially false1 ( irrem$iable falsity4 ,disconnect$ ideas1 contradictory reason+s1 *im]as tak5 = realities1 unreal analogies erect$ into pr9ciples1 a t5d5cy ( m9d incl9+ inevitably t[>ds annihilation3 su* is ! intellect ( woman4 ,yes1 woman is a passive1 en]vat+ be+1 ^: conv]sation exhau/s l h] embraces4 ,he :o wi%es to pres]ve entire ! /r5g? ( 8 m9d & body w flee h]4--,id4 ,)\t man1 :o is to h] prophet & ^w1 %e w\ld n em]ge f ! be/ial condition4 ,,au?or4 ,calm y\rself1 ,ma/]1 & tell me :e!r x is true t y h dealt h>%ly ) lit]>y wom54 ,,pr\dhon4 ,lit]>y wom56 ,z if !re 7 any6 ,! woman au?or does n exi/2 %e is a contradiction4 ,! "p ( woman 9 lit]ature is ! same z 9 manufactures2 %e is useful :]e g5ius is no long] ( s]vice1 l a ne$le or a bobb94 ,by cutt+ out ( a woman's book all t is borr[$1 imitat$1 glean$1 & common-place1 we r$uce x to a few pretty say+s2 philosophy on no?+4 ,to ! community ( ideas1 woman br+s no?+ ( h] own1 any m ?an to g5]ation4 ,,au?or4 ,ah6 ,i und]/&3 y mean t1 9 ! "* ( au?or1 ! woman ( g5ius does n exi/4 ,b 9 ?is respect1 among ! numb] ( m5 t write h[ _m are !re :o h g5ius1 & :o nev] borr[ f any "o8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,i grant t !re are _m effem9ate m52 :i* does n alt] ! fact t woman w\ld d bett] to g & iron h] coll>s ?an to m$dle ) writ+2 =1 x may be affirm$ )\t fe> ( calumny1 t ! woman :o dabbles ) philosophy & writ+ de/roys h] prog5y by ! labor ( h] bra9 & h] kisses :i* savor ( man2 ! safe/ & mo/ honorable way = h] is to r5\nce home life & mat]nity2 de/9y has br&$ h] on ! =ehead2 made only = love1 ! title ( concub9e if n ( c\rtesan suffices h]4--,id4 ,let u n[ consid] ! !tic woman 9 ! moral po9t ( view4 ,we w admit 9 ! fir/ place ! pr9ciple t virtue exi/s 9 ! ratio ( /r5g? & intellect1 :5ce we h a "r to conclude t man is m virtu\s ?an woman4 ,d n laugh2 x di/urbs my ideas4 ,i g fur!r2 man alone is virtu\s2 man alone has ! s5se ( ju/ice2 man alone has ! compreh5sion ( "r4 ,tell me1 ,i pray y1 :at produces 9 man ?is en]gy ( w1 ?is confid5ce 9 himself1 ?is frankness1 ?is d>+1 all ^! p[]ful qualities t we h agre$ to designate by ! s+le ^w1 morality4 ,:at inspires him ) ! s5tim5t ( 8 dignity1 ! scorn ( falsehood1 ! hatr$ ( inju/ice1 ! abhor5ce ( all tyranny8 ,no?+ else ?an ! consci\sness ( 8 /r5g? & reason4 ,,au?or4 ,b !n1 ,ma/]1 if man is all ?is1 :y d y reproa* ! m5 ( our times ) lack ( c\rage1 ( dignity1 ( ju/ice1 ( reason1 ( good fai?8 ,:5 ,i take up 9 m9ute detail ! t]rible *>ges :i* y h fulm9at$ aga9/ ! mascul9e race1 ,i c make no?+ ( ! mean+ ( ! tirade y h j utt]$4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,consid] :at y irrev]5tly "n a tirade1 z ! necess>y *eck to fem99e immorality4 ,x is only to set =? ! tru? t ( all ! diff]5ces t sep>ate h] m9d f ours1 ! consci5ce ( woman is ! mo/ trifl+1 h] morality is ( a diff]5t nature2 :at %e reg>ds z "r & wrong is n id5tically ! same z :at man himself reg>ds z "r & wrong1 s t1 relatively to u1 woman may be /yl$ an immoral be+4 ,by h] nature %e is 9 a /ate ( con/ant demoralization1 always on ?is side or t ( ju/ice4444 ,ju/ice is insupportable to h]4444 ,h] consci5ce is anti-judicial4 ,%e is ari/ocratic1 loves privileges & di/9ctions2 9 all revolutions t h lib]ty & equality = _! object1 wom5 make ! mo/ resi/ance4 ,!y did m h>m 9 ! revolution ( ,febru>y ?an all ! p[]s ( ! mascul9e reaction comb9$4 ,wom5 h s little judicial s5se t ! legislator :o fix$ ! age ( moral responsibility at sixte5 = bo? sexes1 might h delay$ x till =ty-five1 = wom54 ,woman's consci5ce is decid$ly ( no value till ?is age4 ,9 h]self1 woman is immode/4 ,x is f man !re=e t %e receives mode/y1 :i* is ! product ( manly dignity1 ! coroll>y ( ju/ice4 ,woman has no o!r incl9ation1 no o!r aptitude ?an love4 ,9 affairs ( love1 ! initiative belongs truly to woman4--,ju/ice1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 pp4 #cfd1 #cff4 ,,au?or4 ,h[ _m p]sons y w a/oni%1 ,ma/]1 by reveal+ to !m t mode/y comes f man2 t consequ5tly all ! "y girls :o h be5 s$uc$1 all ! little girls ^: corruptors & violators are puni%$ by ! c\rts1 are b jades1 :o1 ?r\gh _! initiative1 h caus$ m5 to =get _! "* z inspir]s ( *a/ity6 ,y enlight5 me1 illu/ri\s ,ma/]2 & ,i %all at once draw up a memorial to dem& t all s$uc$ & violat$ wom5 & girls %all be puni%$ z !y des]ve2 & t1 to console ! s$uc]s1 suborn]s1 corruptors & violators1 poor innoc5t victims ( fem99e f]ocity1 = hav+ s9n$ aga9/ ! coroll>y ( ju/ice & ! product ( manly dignity1 rose-trees %all be =c$ to blossom1 9 ord] t ! maires ( ! =ty ?\s& communes ( ,france & ,alg]ia may cr[n !m w9n]s ( ! roses4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,je/ z y please2 woman is nev]!less s p]v]se 9 h] nature1 t1 ?r\gh incl9ation1 %e seeks m5 :o are ugly1 old1 & wick$4 ,,au?or4 ,is n ?is some:at exagg]at$1 ,ma/]8 ,,pr\dhon4 7,=gett+ :at he has j said17 ,woman always pref]s a pretty1 f9ical puppet to an hone/ man2 a beau1 a knave c obta9 f h] all t he desires2 %e has no?+ b disda9 = ! man :o is capable ( sacrific+ 8 love to 8 consci5ce4 ,y see :at woman is3 unproductive by nature1 in]t1 )\t indu/ry or und]/&+1 )\t ju/ice1 & )\t mode/y1 %e ne$s t a fa!r1 a bro!r1 a lov]1 a husb&1 a ma/]1 a man1 9 f9e1 %\ld give h] t magnetic influ5ce1 if ,i may ?us t]m x1 :i* w r5d] h] capable ( manly virtues1 ( social & intellectual faculties4--,id4 ,& z all h] philosophy1 h] religion1 h] politics1 h] economy1 h] indu/ry are resolv$ 9 "o ^w3 ,love2 ,n[ %all we make ( ?is be+ belong+ :olly to love1 an ov]se]1 an eng9e]1 a capta91 a m]*ant1 a f9anci]1 an economi/1 an adm9i/rator1 a s*ol>1 an arti/1 a pr(essor1 a philosoph]1 a legislator1 a judge1 an orator1 ! g5]al ( an army1 ! head ( a ,/ate8 ,! "q c>ries its answ] )9 itself4--,id4 ,i h laid d[n & prov$ my !sis1 ,i am ab\t to draw my conclusions4 ,s9ce 9 economical1 political & social action1 ! /r5g? ( ! body & t ( ! m9d concur & are multipli$1 ! "o by ! o!r1 ! physical & intellectual value ( ! man w be to ! physical & intellectual value ( woman z #c #c is to #b #b1 or z #i to #d4 ,9 ! moral1 z 9 ! physical & intellectual po9t ( view1 h] value 7t ( woman17 is also z #b to #c4 ,_! %>e ( influ5ce1 comp>$ toge!r1 w be z #c #c #c is to #b #b #b or z #bg to #h4 ,accord+ to ^! conditions1 woman _c pret5d to c\nt]balance ! virile p[]2 h] subord9ation is inevitable4 ,bo? by nature1 & be=e ju/ice1 %e does n weigh ! ?ird ( man4--,id4 ,d y und]/& cle>ly8 ,,au?or4 ,v cle>ly4 ,y\r !ory1 if !ory !re be1 is only a tissue ( p>adoxes2 y\r pret5d$ pr9ciples are contradict$ by facts1 y\r conclusions are equally contradict$ by facts2 y affirm l a revelator1 b y nev] prove1 z a philosoph] %\ld d4 ,!re is s mu* ignorance & s5seless metaphysics 9 all t y say1 t ,i %\ld r give y cr$it = bad fai? ?an be compell$ to despise y4 ,i h li/5$ to y pati5tly :ile y h said to me1 9 say+ x ( all wom53 ,y are in]t1 passive1 y possess ! g]m ( no?+2 ,y are a mean t]m betwe5 man & bea/1 y h no "r to exi/2 ,y are immoral1 immode/1 imbecile1 ari/ocratic1 ! enemy ( lib]ty1 equality & ju/ice4 ,9 y\r turn1 endeavor to li/5 to me calmly1 :ile ,i refute y\r allegations by facts1 by sci5ce & by reason4 ,,iii4 ,!re is1 by y\r own confession1 b "o good me?od ( demon/ration2 t ( bas+ e affirmation ^u well e/abli%$ facts1 n contradict$ by o!rs1 legitimately d$uc$4 ,let u see h[ y h foll[$ ?is me?od4 ,9 ord] to prove t ! !tic woman1 or woman consid]$ ap>t f ! influ5ce ( man1 is su* z y depict h]1 x is necess>y t y %\ld br+ u face to face ) an assemblage ( su* wom51 & aft]w>ds1 ) ano!r assemblage compos$ ( m5 :o h nev] be5 subject$ to ! influ5ce ( wom51 t we may v]ify = ourselves ! native activity ( ! latt] & ! native in]tness ( ! =m]4 ,h y _h at y\r disposal1 c y place at ours ^! pro(s de facto8 ,no2 & if y nei!r h !m nor c procure !m1 :at is y\r !sis1 if n ! illusion ( a bra9 sick ) pride & ) hatr$ ( woman8 #a4 ,y say3 man alone produces physical g]ms4 ,anatomy answ]s3 ,x is woman t produces ! g]m2 ! organ t p]=ms ?is function 9 h]1 z 9 all o!r females1 is ! ov>y4 #b4 ,y say3 woman is a dim9utive ( ! man2 %e is an imp]fect male2 anatomy says3 man & woman are two di/9ct be+s1 ea* "o complete1 ea* "o furni%$ ) a special organism1 ! "o z necess>y z ! o!r4 #c4 ,y say ) ,p>acelsus1 ( :om ?is is n ! only absurdity3 :]e virility is want+1 ! subject is imp]fect2 :]e x is tak5 away1 ! subject det]iorates4 ,m]e good s5se replies3 ! be+ c only be incomplete or det]iorate :5 x diff]s f its type2 n[ ! type ( woman is fem9ity n mascul9ity4444 ,if1 l y1 ,i 7 a lov] ( p>adox1 ,i w\ld say3 man is an imp]fect woman1 s9ce x is ! woman t produces ! g]m2 8 "p 9 reproduction is v d\btful1 & sci5ce may ev5 le>n "s day to disp5se ) x4 ,?is is ,augu/e ,comte's p>adox2 x is wor? z mu* z y\rs4 ,to prove t woman is only an imp]fect male1 x is necess>y to e/abli% by facts t man on be+ depriv$ ( virility1 f9ds ! organs develop$ 9 him peculi> to woman1 becomes qualifi$ = conception1 ge/ation1 deliv]y1 & giv+ suck4 ,n[ ,i h nev] le>n$ t any keep] ( a s]aglio _h be5 trans=m$ into an odahlic2 h y8 #d4 ,y say3 ! organs peculi> to woman are in]t1 & purposeless ) respect to h]self2 physiology answ]s3 ! labor t ^! organs accompli% is imm5se2 pregnancy & ! crisis t t]m9ates x are inconte/able pro(s ( ?is4 ,! influ5ce ( ^! organs makes itself felt1 n only on ! g5]al heal?1 b 9 ! intellectual & moral ord]4 ,pa?ology1 no less eloqu5t1 depicts to u ! grave disord]s produc$ among wom5 by =c$ cont95ce1 incont95ce1 ! excessive or p]v]t$ vitality ( ^! organs :i* y pret5d are in]t4 #e4 ,y say3 woman is ! soil1 ! place ( incubation = ! g]m4 ,anatomy has told y 9 reply t ! woman alone produces ! g]m4 ,read my reply to y\r fri5d ,mi*elet on ! subject ( ! resemblance ( *ildr5 & y w "k :at facts add to ! answ] ( sci5ce4 ,y\r affirmation is no less absurd 9 ! pres5ce ( ^! facts ?an t ( a simpleton :o %\ld pret5d t ! soil 9 :i* ! se$ ( ! c>nation or ! oak is deposit$1 has ! prop]ty ( caus+ rosebu%es or palm trees to spr+ up4 ,f ?is false supposition t woman has n physical g]ms1 y conclude t %e is de/itute ( intellectual & moral g]ms4444 ,& d y really d>e accuse woman ( ?us tak+ false analogies = pr9ciples8 ,grant t :5 a man indulges 9 !m ?us wantonly1 & mi/akes !m = pr9ciples1 we ought to be m incl9$ to laugh ?an to be vex$4 #f4 ,y say t intellectually & morally1 woman is 9 h]self1 no?+4 ,n[1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 y admit t our functions h our organs = _! basis1 & y place ! functions ( intellect & morality 9 ! bra91 accord+ to ,gall1 or simil>ly4 ,well1 ,anatomy tells y3 9 bo? sexes1 ! c]ebral mass is simil> 9 composition &1 adds ,phr5ology1 9 ! numb] ( organs4 ,biology adds3 ! law ( developm5t ( our organs is ex]cise1 :i* supposes action & reaction1 ! result ( :i* is ! augm5tation ( ! volume1 consi/5cy & vitality ( ! organ ex]cis$4 ,! po9t 9 "q !n1 to conv9ce y\r read]s ( ! tru? ( y\r affirmations1 is to prove t ! two sexes are subject$ to ! same ex]cise ( ! bra9 & to ! same /imulus1 & t despite ?is id5tity ( education1 woman con/antly rema9s inf]ior4 ,h y prov$ ?is8 ,h y ev] ?\ght ( do+ s8 ,no4 ,= if y _h1 y\r !ory w\ld h fall5 to to ! gr\nd1 s9ce y w\ld h be5 =c$ to ackn[l$ge t man & woman _c be alike1 = we say to man f 8 infancy3 resi/1 /ruggle2 ,to woman3 yield1 always submit4 ,to man3 be y\rself1 speak y\r ?\ghts boldly1 ambition is a virtue2 y c aspire to ev]y?+4 ,to woman3 dissemble1 calculate y\r slighte/ ^w1 respect prejudices2 mode/y1 abnegation1 su* is y\r lot2 y c atta9 to naught4 ,to man3 k1 tal5t1 c\rage w op5 e c>e] ( life to y1 w make y honor$ by all4 ,to woman3 k is useless to y2 if y h x1 y w pass = a p$ant1 & if y h c\rage1 y w be disda9fully call$ virago4 ,to man3 = y are in/itut$ lyceums1 univ]sities1 special s*ools1 high prizes2 all ! in/itutions ?r\gh :i* y\r intellect c be develop$2 all ! libr>ies 9 :i* is accumulat$ ! k ( ! pa/4 ,to woman3 = y is hi/ory 9 madrigals1 ! read+ ( pray]-books & novels4 ,y h no?+ to d ) lyceums1 special s*ools1 high prizes1 any?+ t w\ld elevate y\r m9d & enl>ge y\r views2 a le>n$ woman is ridicul\s6 ,man mu/ display ! k t he (t5 possesses b sup]ficially1 woman mu/ hide :at %e really possesses4 ,man mu/ appe> c\rage\s :5 he is (t5 b a c[>d2 woman mu/ feign timidity :5 9 reality %e is n afraid4 ,= :]e man is reput$ great & sublime1 woman is f\nd ridicul\s1 sometimes odi\s4 ,if y _h v]ifi$ z y %\ld h done1 ^! diametrically opposite sy/ems ( tra9+1 ! "o t5d+ to develop & ennoble ! be+1 ! o!r to degrade x & r5d] x imbecile1 in/ead ( writ+ su* absurdities1 y w\ld h said to y\rself3 woman mu/ really h ! initiative to resi/ ! iniquit\s sy/em ( repression t weighs ^u h]2 %e mu/ h great ela/icity to %[ h]self s (t5 sup]ior to ! majority ( m5 9 intellect1 & always 9 morality4 ,i am curi\s to "k :at y males w\ld be if subject$ to ! same sy/em z we4 ,look at ^? :o h n /udi$ l y1 & tell me :e!r !y are n 9 g5]al b5ea? uncultivat$ wom54 ,look !n at ! m5 :o h receiv$ a fem99e education2 h !y n all ! affectation1 all ! n>r[ness ( m9d ( silly wom58 ,look1 on ! contr>y1 at ^? wom5 :o1 ?r\gh ! wi% ( _! tea*]s or _! own en]gy1 h be5 subject$ to mascul9e discipl9e1 & tell me1 on y\r consci5ce1 :e!r !y d n equal ! mo/ intellig5t1 ! firme/ among y8 #g4 ,y say3 intellectual =ce is 9 proportion to physical =ce4 ,facts reply3 great ?\ghts1 useful works1 date f ! p]iod :5 ! physical =ces began to decl9e4 ,facts say also3 ! a?letic temp]am5t1 :i* is ! mo/ vigor\s1 is ! lea/ intellectual3 /atu>ies fully compreh5d ?is1 & sculpture ,h]cules ) a l>ge body & a small head4 #h4 ,y say t morality is 9 a direct ratio to physical & intellectual =ce comb9$4 ,?is pleasantry we w n refute2 e "o kn[s too well t ^! ?+s h no relation1 & t facts contradict y\r ass]tion4 #i4 ,y say3 woman be+ "o ?ird weak]1 %\ld h 9 social labor "o ?ird ! privileges ( man4 ,^u :at elem5ts d y base ?is proportion8 ,9 ord] to e/abli% x1 did y c>ry a dynamomet] ab\t ?r\gh our di/ricts & measure ! /r5g? ( ea* man & ( ea* woman8 ,b 7 y\r affirmation true1 is naught b /r5g? employ$ 9 labor8 ,!n1 great economi/1 :at d we d ) skill8 ,:at ,samsonian muscles are ne$$ to keep books1 disp5se ju/ice1 measure clo?1 cut & sew g>m5ts1 etc46 ,& :at is ! end ( civilization if n to %ift ! employ ( our /r5g? f ourselves to ma*9]y t we may be at lib]ty to use only our intellect & skill8 #aj4 ,y say3 ! infirmities1 ! weaknesses1 ! mat]nity ( woman1 & h] aptitude = love1 exclude h] f all functions2 %e is judicially & absolutely exclud$ f all political1 indu/rial & doctr9al direction4 ,%e _c be a political lead]4444 ,yet hi/ory %[s u num]\s empresses1 que5s1 reg5ts & sov]eign pr9cesses :o h gov]n$ ) wisdom & glory1 & h %[n !mselves f> sup]ior to _m male sov]eigns1 unless ,m>ia ,!resa1 ,ca!r9e ,,ii1 ,isabella & ,blan*e ( ,ca/ile1 & _m o!rs1 are b my?s4 ,woman _c be a legislator4444 ,all ! wom5 :om ,i h j cit$ h be5 s1 & _m m beside4 ,wom5 c be nei!r philosoph]s nor pr(essors4 ,hypatia1 massacr$ by ! ,*ri/ians1 taught ,philosophy ) lu/]2 9 ! ,middle ,age & lat]1 ,italian wom5 fill$ *airs ( ,philosophy1 ,law & ,ma!matics1 & excit$ admiration & en?usiasm2 9 ,france1 at ! pres5t "t1 ! ,polyte*ni/s are mak+ great acc\nt ( ! geometrician1 ,sophie ,g]ma91 :o has tak5 x into h] head to /udy ,kant4 ,woman _c be a m]*ant or an adm9i/ratrix444 ,yet a great portion ( ! fem99e population devote !mselves to trade1 or fill comm]cial positions4 ,x is ev5 admitt$ t ! prosp]ity ( comm]cial e/abli%m5ts is almo/ always due to ! adm9i/rative g5ius ( woman4 ,woman _c be an ov]se]1 a =eman ( a work%op444 ,yet a ho/ ( wom5 sup]9t5d work%ops1 inv5t1 improve1 c>ry on manufactures alone1 & contribute1 by _! ta/e & activity1 to ! increase ( ! national weal? & ! indu/rial reputation ( ,france4 ,woman _c be arti/444 ,yet e "o kn[s t ! greate/ lit]>y arti/ ( our age is a woman1 ,george ,s&2 yet e "o b[s be=e ,du*esnois1 ,m>s1 ,georges1 ,maxime1 ,ri/ori1 ,ra*el1 ,dorval2 yet e "o pauses be=e ! beautiful pa9t+s ( ,rosa ,bonheur2 yet s9ce ! revival ( ! f9e arts1 e c5tury has regi/]$ _m celebrat$ wom54 ,we meet wom5 ev]y:]e1 work+ ev]y:]e1 compet+ ) man4444 ,yet ,pr\dhon pret5ds t %e c be n[h]e1 t %e is exclud$ f e place absolutely & judicially2 t if %e gov]ns & legislates l ,m>ia ,!resa1 x is a contradiction2 ,t if %e philosophises l ,hypatia1 x is a contradiction2 ,t if %e comm&s an army & w9s victories l ! wife ( ! conqu]or ( ,calais2 if %e fights l ,jeanne d',arc1 ,jeanne ,ha*ette1 ,madame ,g>ibaldi & ?\s&s ( o!rs1 x is a contradiction2 ,t if %e is m]*ant1 adm9i/ratrix1 sup]9t5d5t ( a work%op1 l ?\s&s ( wom51 x is a contradiction2 ,t if %e is le>n$ l ,dr4 ,boiv91 ,sophie ,g]ma91 & _m o!rs1 if %e is a pr(essor z are _m among u1 x is a contradiction4 ,! !sis su/a9$ by ,pr\dhon is1 z we h j se51 contradict$ by sci5ce & by facts4 ,we ask ourselves :e!r x is possible t he is ignorant ( ! simple/ notions ( ,anatomy & ,biology2 we ask ourselves :e!r x is possible t he is s f> bl9d z n to see t woman is 9 reality all t he pret5ds t %e absolutely & judicially _c be 9 8 absurd & insult+ !ory2 & we conclude t ! au?or is /ruck ) ignorance & volunt>y bl9dness4 ,y\r reproa*es are pleasant2 f ! orig9 ( society1 man has be5 ! ma/]2 n[1 ! anci5t _w sunk b5ea? ! weight ( slav]y1 usury1 & ! mo/ %ameless vices2 ! mod]n _w seems doom$ to p]i% ?r\gh inequality & its sad consequ5ces1 y y\rself ackn[l$ge t inju/ice caus$ by y\r sex exi/s e :]e 9 ! _w1 & y say t man has judicial s5se6 ,&1 9 ! face ( ! inequality & oppression creat$ by m51 ( _! love ( pu]ile di/9ctions1 ( ! base de$s :i* !y commit = a bit ( ribbon1 y accuse wom5 ( lov+ inequality & privileges6 ,!y may love !m1 l y1 b !y are bett] ?an y1 if n m j2 !y pray = ! vanqui%$1 y kill him6 ,i d n d5y t wom5 did mu* h>m to ! ,revolution ( ,febru>y1 = !y are z intellig5t z m51 & h great influ5ce ov] !m4 ,b :at did ?is ,revolution d = !m1 ,i pray8 ,m>k me well1 y & all ^? :o are bl9d en\gh1 pr\d en\gh1 despotic en\gh to resemble y1 & rememb] :at ,i say4 ,woman is l ! p3 %e desires no m ( y\r revolutions1 :i* decimate u = ! b5efit ( a few ambiti\s babbl]s4 ,%e w h lib]ty & equality = all m5 & wom51 or %e w take c>e t no "o %all h !m4 ,we1 ,wom5 ( ,progress1 op5ly decl>e ourselves adv]s>ies ( :oev] %all d5y ! "r ( woman to lib]ty4 ,our si/]s ( ! p1 indignant at _! exclusion f ! popul> assemblies1 say to y3 y h lur$ u long en\gh1 x is "t t ?is %\ld end4 ,we w no long] suff] ourselves to be ensn>$ by y\r high-s\nd+ words ( ,ju/ice1 ,lib]ty1 & ,equality1 :i* are only false co9 s long z !y are appli$ to b half ! human species4 ,d y wi% to save ! p]i%+ _w8 ,call woman to y\r side4 ,if y w n d ?is1 let u alone1 insipid phraseologi/s2 y are naught b ambiti\s hypocrites2 we d n wi% our husb&s to foll[ y1 & !y w n4 ,,iv4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,let u consid] woman 9 ! anti!sis4 ,i h said t woman1 consid]$ ap>t f mascul9e influ5ce1 is no?+4 ,,au?or4 ,yes1 ,ma/]1 because ?is is a pure creation ( y\r ?\ght4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,b woman1 consid]$ "u ! influ5ce ( man1 is half ( ! human be+1 & ,i s+ litanies 9 h] praise4 ,,au?or4 ,!n y make woman re-ent] humanity ?r\gh ! door ( ,&rogyny1 9 ord] to re/ore to h] h] %>e ( rights4444 ,?is is absurd2 no matt]4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,n s6 n s6 ,wom5 h rights6 ,nev]1 s long z ,i am ,pr\dhon6 ,%e is inde$ ! complem5t ( man1 :o1 )\t h]1 w\ld be only a brute4 ,,au?or4 ,ah6 my le>n$ ,ma/]1 h[ d ^! ?+s h>monize 9 y\r bra98 ,y h said hi!rto t woman owes ev]y?+ to man1 y tell me n[ t1 )\t woman1 man w\ld be only a brute4 ,is he n !n1 adequate to 8 de/9y1 z y h affirm$8 ,& if woman is no?+ )\t him1 & he no?+ )\t woman1 ,i c see no long] ^u :at y re/ 9 mak+ him ! guide ( ?is poor un=tunate4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,i ne$ n expla9 myself1 su* is my idea4 ,i am simply comp>+ ! respective qualities ( ! sexes1 &1 z ,i f9d1 !y are incommutable4 ,,au?or4 ,ah6 ,i cat* a glimpse ( y\r mean+2 !n y d n weigh !m 9 ! balance s9ce !y are n alike1 &1 be+ unable to prejudice ! rights ( woman1 y leave h] free4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,:at6 :at6 ,woman free6 ,horrible6 ,are y resolv$ to ?r[ me into convulsions8 ,woman1 h[ev] em95t may be h] tal5ts1 %\ld s]ve man 9 sil5ce & 9 all humility4 ,,au?or4 ,frankly1 ,ma/]1 all ?is appe>s to me nons5se1 :i*1 satanic z y are1 y _c y\rself und]/& 9 ! lea/4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,li/5 )\t int]rupt+ me fur!r1 if y wi% to compreh5d me4 ,)\t fem99e grace1 man w\ld n h em]g$ f ! brutality ( ! e>ly ages2 he w\ld violate 8 female1 smo!r 8 little ones1 & give *ase to 8 fell[s 9 ord] to dev\r !m4 ,woman is ! consci5ce ( man p]sonifi$1 ! inc>nation ( 8 y\?1 8 reason & 8 ju/ice1 ( all )9 him t is pure/1 mo/ sacr$1 mo/ sublime4--,ju/ice1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 etc4 ,! ideality ( 8 be+1 %e becomes to him a pr9ciple ( animation1 a gift ( /r5g?1 ( prud5ce1 ( ju/ice1 ( pati5ce1 ( c\rage1 ( sanctity1 ( hope1 ( consolation1 )\t :i* he w\ld be incapable ( su/a9+ ! burd5 ( life1 ( pres]v+ 8 dignity1 ( endur+ himself1 ( fulfill+ 8 de/9y4 ,x is ?r\gh h]1 ?r\gh ! grace ( h] div9e ^w1 t man gives life & reality to 8 ideas1 by br++ !m back unceas+ly f ! ab/ract to ! concrete4 ,! auxili>y on ! side ( ju/ice1 %e is ! angel ( pati5ce1 ( resignation1 ( tol]ance1 ! gu>dian ( 8 fai?1 ! mirror ( 8 consci5ce1 ! s\rce ( 8 devotion4 ,vanqui%$1 guilty1 x is /ill 9 ! bosom ( woman t he f9ds consolation & p>don4 ,man has /r5g?1 woman beauty4 ,?r\gh h] beauty1 %e %\ld be ! expression ( ,ju/ice1 & ! attraction t draws u to x4444 ,%e w be bett] ?an man4444 ,%e w be ! motor ( all ju/ice1 all k1 all indu/ry1 all virtue4--,id4 ,also1 beauty is ! true de/9ation ( ! sex2 x is its natural condition1 its /ate4--,id4 ,woman is ! s\l ( ev]y?+2 )\t h]1 all beauty fades2 nature is sad1 preci\s /ones lose _! lu/]1 all our arts1 *ildr5 ( love1 become insipid1 half ( our labor is )\t value4 ,if1 ) respect to vigor1 man is to woman z #c to #b1 woman1 ) respect to beauty1 is to man z #c to #b4 ,if1 f ! body1 we pass to ! m9d & consci5ce1 woman1 ?r\gh h] beauty1 w be reveal$ ) new advantages4--,id4 ,! m9d ( woman is m intuitive1 m concrete1 f9] ?an t ( man2 x seems to man1 & is 9 fact1 m circumspect1 m prud5t1 m res]v$1 wis]1 m equable2 x 0 ,m9]va1 ! protectress ( ,a*illes & ,ulysses1 :o appeas$ ! fury ( ! "o1 & %am$ ! o!r ( 8 p>adoxes & pr(ligacies2 x is ! ,virg9 :om ! ,*ri/ian litany calls ! seat ( wisdom4 ,! quality ( ! fem99e m9d has ! effect ( s]v+ ! g5ius ( man z a radiator1 by reflect+ 8 ?\ghts at an angle :i* makes !m appe> m beautiful if !y are correct1 m absurd if !y are false2 consequ5tly1 ( simplify+ our k & cond5s+ x into simple propositions1 easy to seize ^u z simple facts1 & ! intuitive1 aphori/ic1 imag$ compreh5sion ( :i*1 :ile giv+ woman a %>e 9 ! philosophy & ! speculations ( man1 makes _! memory cle>] to him1 _! dige/ion m easy444 ,!re is n a man among ! mo/ le>n$1 ! mo/ inv5tive1 ! mo/ pr(\nd1 :o does n feel a sort ( refre%m5t f conv]sation ) wom54444 ,popul>iz]s are g5]ally m9ds ( ! fem99e type2 b man does n l to be subs]vi5t to ! glory ( man1 & provid5t ,nature has assign$ ?is "p to woman4 ,let h] speak1 !n1 let h] write1 ev51 ,i au?orize & invite h] to d s2 b let h] d x accord+ to ! measure ( h] fem99e intellig5ce1 s9ce x is on ?is condition t %e c s]ve u1 & please u1 o!rwise ,i )draw ! p]mission4 ,man has /r5g?2 b t con/ancy ( :i* he boa/s ov]mu*1 he d]ives especially f woman4444 ,?r\gh h] he endures1 & le>ns true h]oism4 ,^u occasion1 %e c set him ! example ( x2 %e w be1 !n1 m sublime ?an he4 ,woman w r5d] ! law k9d1 & w conv]t ?is two-edg$ sword into an olive bran*4444 ,!re is no ju/ice )\t tol]ance2 n[1 x is 9 ! ex]cise ( tol]ance t woman excels2 by ! s5sibility ( h] he>t & ! delicacy ( h] impressions1 by ! t5d]ness ( h] s\l1 by h] love1 9 f9e1 %e w blunt ! %>p angles ( ju/ice1 de/roy its asp]ities1 ( a div9ity ( t]ror make a div9ity ( peace4 ,ju/ice1 ! "m ( ,peace1 w\ld be only a cause ( disunion to humanity1 7 x n = ?is temp]+ :i* %e receives especially f woman4--,id4 ,& :at *a/ity does woman possess6 ,) :at con/ancy %e awaits h] betro!d6 ,:at cont95ce %e obs]ves dur+ ! abs5ce or sickness ( h] husb&6 ,ah6 woman alone kn[s h[ to be mode/4444 ,?r\gh ?is mode/y1 :i* is h] mo/ preci\s pr]ogative1 %e triumphs ov] ! transports ( man1 & ravi%es 8 he>t4--,id4 ,& :at wisdom 9 h] *oice ( ! companion ( h] life6 ,%e desires man to be /rong1 valiant1 +5i\s2 %e turns f him if he is m9c+ & delicate4--,id4 ,n[1 my unlov$1 indocile1 & v irrev]5t disciple1 let u recapitulate4 ,woman1 ) respect to physical1 intellectual & moral beauty1 is to man z #c to #b2 ?us x may be said1 inde$1 t betwe5 man & woman !re exi/s a c]ta9 equival5ce1 aris+ f _! respective comp>ison1 9 ! two-fold po9t ( view ( /r5g? & beauty2 if1 by labor1 g5ius1 & ju/ice1 man is to woman z #bg to #h1 9 h] turn1 by graces ( =m & m9d1 by am5ity ( "* & t5d]ness ( he>t1 %e is to man z #bg to #h4444 ,b ^! respective qualities are incommutable1 _c be ! subject ( any contract4444 ,n[1 z e "q ( prepond]ance 9 ! gov]nm5t ( human life is )9 ! jurisdiction ei!r ( ! economical ord]1 or ( ! philosophical or judicial ord]1 x is evid5t t sup]iority ( beauty1 ev5 ( t :i* is intellectual & moral1 _c create a comp5sation = woman1 ^: condition is ?us made fatally subord9ate4--,id4 ,d y und]/& me n[8 ,,au?or4 ,i und]/& t ?is is pure sophi/ry1 a ?+ easily demon/rat$2 t if y\r !sis is absurd1 y\r anti!sis1 h[ev] complim5t>y x may be1 is q z mu* s2 t y h pil$ contradictions ^u contradictions1 & t x is a sad spectacle to me to see s /rong & f9e an intellect z y\rs ab&on itself to su* practices4 ,y %all judge = y\rself :e!r my reproa*es & regrets are well f\nd$4 ,9 ! ,!sis y say3 man alone is 9 himself intellig5t & j1 he alone is adequate to 8 de/9y4 ,woman has no reason = exi/+2 )\t man1 %e w\ld n em]ge f ! be/ial condition4 ,9 ! ,anti!sis3 )\t woman1 :o is ! pr9ciple ( animation ( man1 ! motive p[] ( all sci5ce1 ( all art1 ( all indu/ry1 ( all virtue--)\t woman1 :o r5d]s ju/ice possible1 ?\ght compreh5sible & applicable1 man1 f> f be+ 9 himself j1 intellig5t1 a work]1 w\ld be b a brute1 :o w\ld violate 8 female1 /rangle 8 little ones1 & pursue 8 fell[ m5 9 ord] to dev\r !m4 ,:at foll[s f ^! div]g5t affirmations8 ,t if woman alone is inadequate to h] de/9y1 man alone is inadequate to 81 & t ! adequat5ess ( bo? is caus$ by ! syn!sis ( _! respective qualities4 ,x also foll[s1 by y\r own admission1 t man receives z mu* f woman z %e receives f him1 s9ce1 if he rescues h] f ! be/ial /ate1 %e rescues him f ! /ate ( brute f]ocity4 ,x foll[s1 la/ly1 by y\r own admission1 t !re is equival5ce betwe5 ! respective qualities ( ! two sexes4 ,only y pret5d t ^! qualities _c be measur$ by ea* o!r1 & _c !re=e be subject = contract1 & t ! qualities ( man be+ m important to ! social /ate ?an ^? ( woman1 ! latt] %\ld be subord9at$ to ! =m]4 ,tell me1 is !re commutability betwe5 ! qualities t di/+ui% m5 f ea* o!r8 ,betwe5 ! man ( g5ius & ! humble rag-pick]8 ,betwe5 ! philosoph] :o elevates ! human m9d & ! port] :o does n ev5 "k h[ to read8 ,betwe5 ! bra9 t discov]s a great natural law & ! "o t reflects on no?+8 ,to answ] affirmatively is impossible3 = we only comp>e ?+s ( ! same nature4 ,n[1 if !re c be no commutability betwe5 individuals s diff]5t1 is !re n1 accord+ to y\r sy/em1 subject = social contract betwe5 !m8 ,:y !n d y claim t ^! m5 %\ld be equal socially8 ,:y !n d y admit t !y may associate ?+s 9 a private contract :i* _c be subject$ to a common measure8 ,!re is no ne$ to be le>n$ 9 philosophy or economy to "k t any contract :atsoev] is an admission ( p]sonal insuffici5cy2 t we w\ld n ent] into p>tn]%ip ) o!rs if we c\ld disp5se ) !m2 & t 9 g5]al ! design ( ! contract+ p>ties is to e/abli% commutability :]e x has n be5 e/abli%$ by ! nature ( ?+s4 ,to a common "w1 "o br+s 8 idea1 ano!r 8 h&s1 a ?ird1 8 money1 a f\r?1 cu/om3 if ea* ( ! p>ties _h _h all ^! comb9$1 no "o w\ld h ?\ght ( =m+ a p>tn]%ip3 a happy insuffici5cy br\ght !m toge!r1 & caus$ !m to e/abli% equival5ce betwe5 ! %>es ( capital :i* c\ld n be subject$ to a common measure4 ,7 x true1 !re=e1 t ! qualities ( ! sexes diff] z y pret5d1 !n1 z ?r\gh ?is same diff]5ce1 !y are equally necess>y to ! collective "w1 !y are ess5tially subject to contract1 & equival5t4 ,b d !y diff] z y say8 ,y "k ! answ] ( sci5ce & facts4 ,we w n return to x4 ,all y\r di/9ctions ( beauty & /r5g? are only imag9>y classifications4 ,we all "k t ( eighte5 millions ( ,fr5*m51 at ! pres5t "t1 we h a few m5 ( g5ius1 absorb$ 9 specialties1 a few m m5 ( tal5t1 p]haps n f\r philosoph]s1 m$iocrities 9 abundance1 & an imm5se ho/ ( cyph]s4 ,x is mock]y1 !re=e1 to e/abli% ! "r ( prepot5cy ( a sex f qualities :i*1 on ! "o h&1 d n exi/ 9 ea* ( its memb]s1 &1 on ! o!r1 are (t5 f\nd 9 ! highe/ degree 9 ! sex :i* x is claim$ to r$uce to subjection4 ,besides1 did y\r sex possess ! qualities :i* y ascribe to x1 to ! exclusion ( m9e2 s9ce1 by y\r admission1 !re w\ld be nei!r civilization1 nor sci5ce1 nor art1 nor ju/ice1 )\t ! qualities y t]m peculi> to woman2 & s9ce1 )\t ^! qualities1 man w\ld be only a brute & an an?ropophagus1 x !nce foll[s t woman is at lea/ ! equival5t ( man1 if n 8 sup]ior4 ,let u n[ notice a few ( y\r contradictions4 #a/ ,!sis4 ,woman is a sort ( mean t]m betwe5 man & ! re/ ( ! animal k+dom4 ,anti!sis4 ,no2 woman is ! idealisation ( man1 9 t :i* is pure/ & mo/ sublime 9 him4 #b;d ,!sis4 ,woman is an in]t creature1 devoid ( und]/&+1 t has no reason = exi/+4 ,anti!sis4 ,no2 woman is ! animat+ pr9ciple ( man2 )\t h]1 he c\ld n fulfil 8 de/9y2 %e is ! motive p[] ( all ju/ice1 all sci5ce1 all indu/ry1 all civilization1 all virtue4 #c;d ,!sis4 ,woman does n "k h[ to express an op9ion 9 set t]ms1 or to assign reasons = x2 %e has only disconnect$ ideas1 errone\s reason+s2 %e mi/akes *im]as = realities1 composes no?+ b m$leys1 mon/]s4 ,anti!sis4 ,no2 ! intellect ( woman is f9] ?an t ( man2 %e has a wis]1 m prud5t1 m res]v$ m9d2 %e is ! foil ( mascul9e ideas4 ,%e is ,m9]va %am+ ,ulysses = 8 p>adoxes & pr(ligacies2 %e is ! seat ( wisdom4 #d? ,!sis4 ,)\t ! magnetic influ5ce ( man1 woman w\ld n em]ge f ! be/ial /ate4 ,anti!sis4 ,)\t ! magnetic influ5ce ( woman1 man w\ld be b a f]oci\s bea/4 #e? ,!sis4 ,! woman :o philosophises & writes1 de/roys h] prog5y2 %e _h bett] g iron h] coll>s2 %e is good = no?+ b to be concub9e or c\rtesan4 ,anti!sis4 ,woman %\ld p>ticipate 9 ! philosophy & speculations ( man1 & popul>ize !m by h] writ+s4 #f? ,!sis4 ,! conv]sation ( woman exhau/s1 en]vates2 he :o wi%es to pres]ve intact ! =ce ( 8 m9d & body1 w flee h]4 ,anti!sis4 ,! conv]sation ( woman refre%es ! mo/ em95t m54 #g? ,!sis4 ,woman has an infirm consci5ce2 %e is immoral1 anti-judicial2 %e is wor? no?+ z to moral responsibility until =ty-five ye>s ( age4 ,anti!sis4 ,woman is ! mirror ( ! consci5ce ( man1 ! inc>nation ( ?is consci5ce2 ?r\gh h] alone ju/ice becomes possible2 %e is ! gu>dian ( morals2 %e is sup]ior to man 9 moral beauty4 #h? ,!sis4 ,woman is )\t virtue4 ,anti!sis4 ,woman excels 9 tol]ance2 ?r\gh h]1 man le>ns con/ancy & true h]oism4 #i? ,!sis4 ,woman is immode/3 %e takes ! initiative 9 affairs ( love4 ,anti!sis4 ,woman alone kn[s h[ to be mode/2 9 pr9ciple1 !re are no impure wom52 woman calms ! s5sual passions ( man4 #aj? ,!sis4 ,woman pref]s an ugly1 old1 & wick$ man4 ,no2 woman pref]s a pretty1 m9c+ puppet1 a beau4 ,anti!sis4 ,no2 woman wi%es man /rong1 valiant1 +5i\s2 %e turns f him :5 he is b a pretty1 m9c+ puppet1 a beau4 ,i might g on ?us to a hundr$1 & !n make a cross to beg9 ano!r hundr$4 ,c x be possible t y trifle 9 ?is mann] ) y\r read]s8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,! contradiction is n 9 my ?\ght1 b only 9 ! t]ms4 ,! woman ( my !sis is %e :o has n be5 subject$ to mascul9e magnetism1 to :i* ! woman ( my anti!sis1 on ! contr>y1 has be5 subject$4 ,,au?or4 ,y w\ld h reason to laugh at u1 %\ld we take su* an answ] 9 e>ne/4 ,:at6 h y se5 wom5 outside ( society1 :o w\ld h tak5 m5 = monkeys8 ,h y prov$ t 9 ?is m5ag]ie1 !y ?9k falsely1 !y write badly1 !y are wor? no?+ z to consci5ce until =ty-five ye>s ( age8 ,t !re1 9 ! abs5ce ( m51 ! wom5 take ! initiative 9 affairs ( love8 ,t ! conv]sation ( ^! wom5 exhau/s1 en]vates ! m5 :o are n !re8 ,t ^! wom5 pref] ! old1 ugly & wick$ m51 or ! pretty1 m9c+ puppets1 :o are n at _! disposal8 ,if ! woman ( y\r !sis is ! "o :o has n be5 subject$ to mascul9e influ5ce1 :y d y take ! wom5 :om y attack f among ^? :o h be5 subject$ to x8 ,y\r contradictions1 ,ma/]1 are g5u9e & fair contradictions4 ,= y z = u1 !re is b "o woman3 %e :o lives 9 ! society ( man1 :o has1 l him1 faults & vices1 & :o influ5ces him z mu* z %e is influ5c$ by him3 ! o!r has nev] exi/$ except 9 ! bra9 ( my/ics & ( victims ( halluc9ation4 ,b we w leave ?is4 ,i h be5 told t y h spok5 ( love3 x w\ld seem to me impossible1 did ,i n "k y\r audacity4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,i h spok5 ( x1 z well z ( ,m>riage4 ,,au?or4 ,well6 let u make a little excursion into ^! two t]ritories4 ,we w fir/ speak ( ,love4 ,v4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,love6444 ,x we>ies & annoys me greatly4 ,i h nev] yet be5 able to make my ideas agree on ?is subject4 ,i at fir/ def9$ love3 ! attraction ( ! two sexes t[>ds ea* o!r ) a view to reproduction1 add+ t ?is attraction becomes purifi$ by ! adjunction ( ! ,ideal4 ,i ev5 made a mo/ beautiful discov]y ) respect to ?is1 namely3 t !re is a sexual division because x is impossible to idealize any?+ b ! objective4--,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,au?or4 ,h[ y run on6 ,!n all ( ! animal & vegetable species 9 :i* ! sexes are sep>at$ h an ideal 9 love8 ,an ideal 9 ! bra9 ( a horse or a m>e may pass1 s9ce !re is a bra92 b :]e w y lodge t ( ! male & female fl[]8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,on my honor1 ,i nev] ?\ght ( ask+ myself t "q4 ,we w return1 if y please1 to ! def9ition ( human love4 ,i say1 !n1 t love is an attraction giv5 ) a view to reproduction2 not)/&+1 ,i ?9k1 also1 t to love1 prop]ly call$1 prog5y is odi\s4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,b ?is is a contradiction444 ,,pr\dhon4 ,am ,i to blame = t6 ,y "k1 t 9 my eyes1 man & woman =m ! organ ( ju/ice1 ! humanit>y ,&rogynus4 ,n[ ,i affirm t love is ! mov+ p[] ( ju/ice1 because x is ?is t attracts t[>ds ea* o!r ! two halves ( ! c\ple4 ,x is ?r\gh love1 !re=e1 t ! consci5ce ( man & woman is op5$ to ! k ( ju/ice1 :i* does n h9d] x f be+ ! mo/ p[]ful fatality by :i* nature c\ld h f\nd ! secret ( obscur+ reason )9 u1 ( afflict+ ! consci5ce1 & ( *a9+ ! free w4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,! mov+ p[] ( ju/ice1 ! s5tim5t :i* op5s ! consci5ce ( ! sexes to ju/ice1 & :i* =ms ! judicial organ1 di/urbs ! reason & afflicts ! consci5ce6 ,b ?is is a contradiction4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,once m1 am ,i to blame = x8 ,love1 s\ght = itself1 r5d]s man unwor?y1 & woman vile2 & /op6 love1 ev5 :5 sanction$ by ju/ice1 ,i d n l4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,h y n said t )\t ! love inspir$ 9 man by ! beauty ( woman1 !re w\ld be nei!r art1 nor sci5ce1 nor indu/ry1 nor ju/ice2 t man w\ld be only a brute8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,ah6 ,i h said mu* m6444 ,?is love1 ! motor ( ju/ice1 ! fa!r ( civilization1 is1 not)/&+1 ! abolition ( ju/ice1 :i* exacts t x %\ld be ca/ aside z soon z its (fice ( motor is p]=m$4 ,! impulse1 ! movem5t giv51 x mu/ be disp5s$ )4 ,9 m>riage1 x %\ld play ! smalle/ "p possible2 all amor\s conv]sation1 ev5 betwe5 betro!d lov]s1 ev5 betwe5 husb& & wife1 is indecor\s1 de/ructive ( dome/ic respect1 ( ! love ( labor & ! practice ( social duty4 ,a m>riage ( pure incl9ation is ne>ly alli$ to %ame1 & ! fa!r t gives 8 cons5t to x is des]v+ ( c5sure4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,a fa!r des]v+ ( c5sure because he unites ^? :o yield to ! motive p[] ( ju/ice6 ,,pr\dhon4 ,let "y p m>ry )\t repugnance1 t is "r4444 ,b :5 a son1 a daught]1 to satisfy incl9ation1 tramples "u foot ! wi%es ( ! fa!r1 dis9h]itance is 8 fir/ "r & mo/ sacr$ duty4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,?us love1 ! motor ( ju/ice1 ! cause ( civilization1 ! necessity = reproduction1 is at ! same "t a ?+ ( %ame :i* %\ld be fe>$ & bani%$ f m>riage1 & t1 9 c]ta9 cases1 des]ves dis9h]itance6444 ,may ! gods bless y\r contradictions1 & po/]ity pass lightly ov] !m6 ,,pr\dhon4 ,i c say no?+ m satisfactory on ! subject2 b1 let u talk ( m>riage2 ,i am /rong inde$ on t po9t4 ,e function supposes an organ2 man is ! organ ( lib]ty2 b ju/ice exacts an organ compos$ ( two t]ms3 ! c\ple4 ,x is necess>y t ! two p]sons t compose x %\ld be dissimil> & unequal1 because1 if !y 7 alike1 !y w\ld n be complet$ by ea* o!r2 !y w\ld be two be+s :olly indep5d5t1 )\t reciprocal action1 incapable1 ?r\gh ?is cause1 to produce ju/ice4444 ,9 pr9ciple1 !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 man & woman1 except a simple dim9ution ( en]gy 9 _! faculties4 ,man is /rong]1 woman is weak]1 t is all4444 ,man is ! p[] ( t ( :i* woman is ! ideal1 & reciprocally1 woman is ! ideal ( t ( :i* man is ! p[]4--,id4 ,&rogyny laid d[n1 ,i def9e m>riage to be3 ! sacram5t ( ju/ice1 ! liv+ my/]y ( univ]sal h>mony2 ! =m giv5 by nature itself to ! religion ( ! human race4 ,9 a l[] sph]e1 m>riage is ! act by :i* man & woman1 elevat+ !mselves above love & ! s5ses1 decl>e _! wi% to be unit$ accord+ to ! law1 &1 z f> z 9 !m lies1 to pursue ! social de/9y1 by labor+ = ! ,progress ( ,ju/ice4 ,9 ?is family religion1 x may be said t ! fa!r is ! prie/1 ! wife ! god1 ! *ildr5 ! p4444 ,all are 9 ! h&s ( ! fa!r1 f$ by 8 labor1 protect$ by 8 sword1 subject$ to 8 gov]nm5t1 )9 ! jurisdiction ( 8 c\rt1 heirs & cont9u]s ( 8 ?\ght4444 ,woman rema9s subord9ate to man1 because %e is an object ( wor%ip1 & because !re is no common measure betwe5 ! =ce & ! ideal4444 ,man w die = h]1 z he dies = 8 fai? & 8 gods1 b he w keep = himself ! comm& & ! responsibility4--,id4 ,9 result1 ! sp\ses are equal1 s9ce !re is community ( =tune1 ( honor1 ( absolute devotion2 9 pr9ciple & practice 444 ?is equality does n exi/1 _c exi/4444 ,! equality ( rights suppos+ an equilibrium betwe5 ! advantages ) :i* ,nature has end[$ woman & ! m p[]ful faculties ( man1 ! result w\ld be t woman1 in/ead ( be+ elevat$ by ?is equilibrium1 w\ld be d5aturaliz$1 debas$4 ,by ! ideality ( h] be+1 woman is1 s to speak1 beyond price4444 ,t %e may pres]ve ?is ine/imable *>m1 :i* is n a positive faculty 9 h]1 b a quality1 a mann]1 a /ate1 %e mu/ accept ! law ( m>ital p[]3 equality w\ld r5d] h] odi\s1 w\ld be ! dissolution ( m>riage1 ! dea? ( love1 ! de/ruction ( ! human race4 ,& ! glory ( man consi/s 9 reign+ ov] ?is admirable creature1 9 be+ able to say3 %e is myself idealiz$1 %e is m ?an ,i1 &1 not)/&+1 w\ld be no?+ )\t me4444 ,9 spite ( ?is or on acc\nt ( ?is1 ,i am & ought to rema9 ! head ( ! community2 if ,i yield ! comm& to h]1 %e becomes debas$ & we p]i%4--,id4 ,m>riage %\ld be monogam\s1 because consci5ce is common betwe5 ! sp\ses1 & because x _c1 )\t be+ dissolv$1 admit a ?ird p>ticipant4--,id4 ,x %\ld be indissoluble1 because consci5ce is immutable1 & ! sp\ses c\ld n procure an ex*ange )\t be+ guilty ( sacrilege4 ,if !y are oblig$ to sep>ate1 ! des]v+ "o ne$s only to heal ! w\nds made 9 8 he>t & consci5ce1 ! o!r has no long] ! "r to aspire to m>riage1 b mu/ be cont5t ) concub9age4--,id4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ?is !ory8 ,,au?or4 ,hi!rto ,i h refus$ to believe 9 ! god ,proteus2 b on contemplat+ y1 ,ma/]1 ,i abjure my incr$ulity4 ,y appe> to u fir/ "u ! g>b & =m ( ,man\1 & we discuss 8 physiology2 ,y appe> to u next1 successively1 9 ! %ape & ve/m5ts ( ,moses1 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 & ,/4 ,bonav5ture2 y are inc>nat$ = a mom5t 9 ,p>acelsus2 ,la/ly1 y put on ! ,roman toga1 ov] :i* y wrap ! ungraceful robe ( ,augu/e ,comte4 ,all ?is is too old1 too unsightly = our age4444 ,h y really no?+ bett] to give u ?an ! resurrection ( ! ,roman law at ! glori\s "t :5 ,c9c9natus ate 8 di% ( l5tils />k nak$8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,:at6 d y dispute t m>riage by conf>reation is n ! ma/]piece ( ! human consci5ce8 ,,au?or4 ,d ,i dispute x8 ,yes1 inde$1 & _m o!r ?+s beside4 ,b tell me1 :at mean+ d y give to ! words sacram5t & my/]y1 t s\nd s holl[ & false f y\r lips8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,despite all my explanations conc]n+ m>riage1 !re nev]!less rema9s a my/]y ) respect to x4 ,?is is all ,i c tell y 9 elucidation4 ,y mu/ compreh5d t m>riage is an in/itution sui g5]is1 =m$ at ! same "t at ! tribunal ( human ju/ice by contract1 & at ! spiritual tribunal by sacram5t1 & :i* p]i%es z soon z ! "o or ! o!r ( ^! two elem5ts disappe>s4--,id4 ,y mu/ also compreh5d t m>riage is a function ( humanity1 outside ( :i* love becomes a sc\rge1 ! di/9ction ( ! sexes has no long] any mean+1 ! p]petuation ( ! species becomes a real injury to ! liv+1 ju/ice is contr>y to nature & ! plan ( ! creation is absurd4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,! plan ( ! creation absurd1 & ju/ice contr>y to nature )\t m>riage6 ,:at does ?is mean 9 pla9 language8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,:at6 ,is y\r intellect s feeble t x does n compreh5d t1 )\t m>riage1 !re is n1 !re _c be ju/ice8 ,,au?or4 ,!n m>riage is necess>y to all8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,no2 b all p>ticipate 9 x & receive its influ5ce ?r\gh filiation1 consangu9ity1 adoption :i*1 univ]sal 9 its ess5ce1 9 ord] to act1 has no ne$ ( cohabitation4444 ,9 ! animic or spiritual po9t ( view1 m>riage is to ea* ( u a condition ( felicity4444 ,e adult1 heal?y 9 m9d & body1 :om solitude or ab/raction has n seque/]$ f ! re/ ( mank9d1 loves1 & by virtue ( ?is love1 contracts m>riage 9 8 he>t4444 ,ju/ice1 :i* is ! end ( love1 & :i* c be obta9$ ei!r by dome/ic initiation1 by civic communion1 or1 la/ly1 by my/ical love1 suffices = happ9ess 9 e condition ( age & =tune4--,id4 ,& d n conf\nd m>riage ) any o!r union1 ) concub9age1 = example1 :i* is ! m>k ( a feeble consci5ce4 ,i d n h[ev] condemn ! concub9>y1 = society is n ! "w ( a day1 virtue is difficult to practise1 )\t speak+ ( ^? to :om m>riage is inaccessible4--,id4 ,9 my op9ion1 x is = ! int]e/ ( woman1 ( *ildr51 & ( morals1 t concub9age %\ld be regulat$ by legislation4 ,e *ild %\ld be> ! "n ( ! concub9>y fa!r1 :o %\ld provide = 8 subsi/5ce & = ! exp5ses ( 8 education2 ! =sak5 concub9e %\ld also h a "r to an indemnity1 unless %e has be5 ! fir/ to ent] into ano!r concub9age4--,id4 ,b x is n f concub9age1 b f m>riage t all ju/ice1 all "r proce$s4 ,?is is s true1 t if y take away m>riage1 ! "m is left ) h] t5d]ness1 b )\t au?ority1 )\t rights3 %e c no long] d ju/ice to h] son2 !re is illegitimacy1 a fir/ /ep backw>d1 a return to immorality4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,all t y h j said conc]n+ love1 m>riage1 ju/ice & "r1 conta9s s _m equivocations1 errors1 sophisms1 & s mu* pa?os1 t no?+ less ?an a huge volume w\ld suffice to refute1 aft] fir/ expla9+ y4 ,we w cont5t ourselves1 !re=e1 ) dwell+ on ! pr9cipal po9ts4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,! ,&rogynus1 by def9ition1 is a be+ comb9+ ! two sexes4 ,n[ m>riage does n make ( man & woman a s+le be+2 ea* pres]ves 8 individuality2 y\r humanit>y ,&rogynus is n !re=e wor? ! tr\ble ( discussion2 x is only a fantasy4 #b4 ,e organ supposes a function1 x is true1 b :at facts au?orize y to say t ! m>ri$ c\ple is ! organ ( ju/ice8 ,especially :5 y take ! tr\ble to contradict y\rself1 9 admitt+ t ju/ice is produc$ outside ( m>riage2 t !re is no ne$ ( be+ m>ri$ to be j8 ,! organ ( ju/ice1 l all o!r organs1 is 9 ea* ( u2 x is ! moral s5se :i* comes into action :5 ! po9t 9 "q is ! appreciation ( ! moral value ( an act1 or to apply to our own conduct ! moral sci5ce accept$ by ! reason ( ! age4 #c4 ,accord+ to y1 equilibrium is equality2 equality is ju/ice3 !re is1 !re=e1 a contradiction on y\r "p 9 exact+ ( two be+s1 end[$ ea* ) lib]ty1 w & intellect1 t !y %\ld ackn[l$ge !mselves unequal to produce equality4 #d4 ,to affirm1 z y h done1 t progress is ! realization ( ! ideal ?r\gh free w2 t1 consequ5tly1 ! ideal is sup]ior to ! reality1 & t man progresses because he suff]s himself to be guid$ by x2 !n to affirm t woman is ! ideal ( man & t1 not)/&+1 %e is less & %\ld obey1 is a d\ble contradiction4 ,if ! po9t f :i* y />t be admitt$1 logic w\ld exact t man %\ld p]mit himself to be guid$ by woman4 ,b :at is ! use ( discuss+ a ?+ t is devoid ( mean+ to ! intellect8 ,if man1 accord+ to y1 repres5ts 9 reality /r5g?1 reason1 ju/ice1 woman be+ ! idealization ( man1 w\ld !re=e repres5t ! greate/ /r5g?1 ! l(tie/ reason1 ! mo/ sublime ju/ice4444 ,d y pret5d to say ?is1 y :o affirm ! contr>y8 #e4 ,to say t m>riage is an in/itution sui g5]is1 a sacram5t1 a my/]y1 is to affirm :at8 ,& :at enlight5m5t d y fancy t y h giv5 u8 ,are y fully sure ( compreh5d+ y\rself bett] ?an we compreh5d y8 ,i d\bt x4 #f4 ,c y demon/rate :y1 9 an association betwe5 /rong1 intellig5t m51 & weak1 n>r[-m9d$ m51 ju/ice exacts equality1 respect = ! dignity ( all1 & decl>es ! slave debas$ :o submits2 :il/ 9 ! association ( man & woman1 id5tical 9 species accord+ to y1 ! woman :o is always1 accord+ to y1 ! weak & n>r[-m9d$ be+1 w\ld be debas$ & w\ld become odi\s by equality8 #g4 ,c y expla9 also h[1 9 a c\ple :i* /&s = ! produc] ( ju/ice or equality1 ?is equality w\ld be ! dea? ( love & ! de/ruction ( ! human race8 ,grant t su* a f>rago ( nons5se & contradictions pres5ts z _m unfa?omable my/]ies z y\r m>riage4 ,we w say no?+ ( divorce3 we leave x to mod]n reason & consci5ce :e!r ! dissolution ( morals & ( ! family1 due 9 a great measure to ! indissolubility ( m>riage1 does n give cause t x %\ld be grant$4 ,:at reasons d y give1 besides1 to support y\r op9ions8 ,an absurdity3 t ! rupture ( m>riage is sacrilege2 an affirmation contradict$ by facts3 t consci5ce is immutable4 #h4 ,betwe5 ! ba/>d & 8 "m1 !re is no ju/ice1 say y4 ,y\r consci5ce is y\ng] by two ?\s& & "s hundr$ ye>s ?an ! mod]n consci5ce4 ,9 ! "w ( reproduction1 ! task to be p]=m$ ) ref]5ce to ! new be+1 is divid$ betwe5 ! p>5ts4 ,on ! woman1 z ! m vital1 m ela/ic1 & m resi/+1 devolves ! m p]il\s "p ( ?is task4 ,y %all risk y\r life to =m humanity f y\r own sub/ance1 says ,nature to h]4 ,to ! man x belongs to pay 8 debt to 8 *ildr5 by erect+ ! ro( "u :i* !y take %elt]1 by br++ ! food :i* y elaborate or prep>e = !m4 ,to him x belongs to accompli% 8 duty t[>ds 8 sons by ! use ( 8 /r5g?1 z y accompli% y\rs by supply+ !m ) y\r blood & y\r milk4 ,y\r rights ov] ! *ild arise1 adds consci5ce1 f 8 incapacity to take c>e ( himself1 f ! duties :i* y fulfil t[>ds him1 f ! obligation "u :i* y are plac$ to =m 8 reason & consci5ce1 & to make him a useful & moral citiz54 ,well1 :at happ5s mo/ ( ! "t1 9 cases ( illegitimacy8 ,t ! fa!r hav+ weakly1 cruelly1 contr>y to all ju/ice1 des]t$ 8 task1 ! "m p]=ms d\ble duty t[>ds h] *ildr53 %e is at once fa!r & "m4 ,& x is :5 ?is "m has a d\ble "r t y d>e to say t %e has none6 t betwe5 h] & h] son !re is no ju/ice6 ,9 tru?1 ,i %\ld r live among savages ?an 9 a society t ?9ks & feels l y4 ,a "m has an inconte/able "r ov] h] *ild1 = %e has risk$ h] own life to give x bir?3 ! fa!r acquires rights ov] x only :5 ev] he fulfils 8 duty2 :5 he does n fulfil x1 he has no "r2 ?us says reason4 ,9 ?is "q1 m>riage signifies no?+4 ,if ,i 7 illegitimate1 & my fa!r _h basely ab&on$ me1 ,i %\ld despise & hate him z ! execution] ( my "m2 z a man )\t he>t & consci5ce1 a vile egoti/2 & ,i %\ld d\bly love & respect h] :o _h be5 at once my "m & my fa!r4 ,su* are ! dictates ( my consci5ce1 my reason1 & my he>t4 #i4 ,:at is y\r m>riage1 ! fir/ =m giv5 by ,nature to ! religion ( ! human race1 9 :i* woman is an idol :o does ! cook+ & m5ds ! /ock+s ( h] prie/8 ,:at is ?is in/itution1 9 :i* man is reput$ to def5d 8 wife & *ildr5 ) 8 sword1 :om ! law def5ds1 ev5 aga9/ him8 ,9 :i* man is reput$ to support by 8 labor ^? :o (t5 labor m ?an he1 or :o br+ him a d[ry8 ,! wife & *ildr5 are "u ! jurisdiction ( ! tribunal ( man6 ,may ! gods pres]ve u f ?is frightful return to ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! patri>*s & ,romans4 ,wom5 & *ildr5 are "u ! jurisdiction ( ! social tribunal1 & x is saf] = !m3 ! ,fr5* wife has n at lea/ to fe> t h] ,abraham w sacrifice h] little ,isaac1 nor t h] dome/ic despot1 leav+ ! *ild on ! gr\nd1 l ! anci5t ,roman1 w ?us condemn x to dea?4 ,society has a he>t & g5]\s proctors :o1 happily1 no long] see ! family tribunal 9 ! same light z ,pr\dhon4 ,x is true t our au?or is an ,epim5ides1 awak+ aft] a sleep ( m ?an two ?\s& ye>s4 ,i h f9i%$1 ,ma/]2 h y any?+ m to say8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,i h to speak ( ! sph]e ( woman4 ,?is sph]e is ! c>e ( ! h\sehold1 ! education ( *ildhood1 ! in/ruction ( "y girls "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! magi/rates1 ! s]vice ( public *>ity4 ,we d>e n add ! national fe/ivals & spectacles1 :i* might be consid]$ z ! se$-"t ( love4 ,man is ! work]1 woman ! h\sewife4 ,! h\sehold is ! full manife/ation ( woman4 ,= woman1 ! h\sehold is an honorable necessity4 ,z all h] lit]>y productions are always r$uc$ to a dome/ic novel1 ! :ole value ( :i* is to s]ve1 ?r\gh love & s5tim5t1 to ! popul>ization ( ju/ice1 s h] indu/rial production is br\ght back 9 conclusion1 to ! labors ( ! h\sehold2 %e w nev] dep>t f ?is circle4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,p>don my a/oni%m5t1 ,ma/]1 t woman1 ^: m9d is irrem$iably false1 :o is immoral1 :o composes no?+ b m$leys1 mon/]s1 :o takes *im]as = realities1 :o does n ev5 "k h[ to write a novel1 kn[s h[1 not)/&+1 by y\r own admission1 to write a novel 9 ord] to popul>ize ju/ice ?r\gh s5tim5t & love4 ,%e !re=e compreh5ds1 feels1 & loves ju/ice8 ,i rem>k next1 t ! c>es ( ! h\sehold are labor2 ,t education is labor2 ,t ! s]vice ( public *>ity is labor2 ,t ! arrangem5t & sup]9t5d5ce ( fe/ivals & spectacles presume v>i$ labors2 ,t to popul>ize ju/ice ?r\gh a dome/ic novel is labor2 ,:5ce x foll[s t woman is a work]1 t is1 a useful produc]2 %e diff]s f man1 !re=e1 m]ely 9 ! k9d ( production2 & we h only to asc]ta9 :e!r ! labor ( woman is z useful to society z t ( man4 ,i *>ge myself1 :5 y l1 ) e/abli%+ ?is equival5ce by facts4 ,i rem>k1 9 ! second place1 t ! education ( *ildhood1 ! in/ruction ( "y girls1 ! s]vice ( public *>ity1 ! arrangem5t ( fe/ivals & spectacles1 ! popul>ization ( ju/ice by lit]ature1 d n =m a "p ( ! labors ( ! h\sehold2 & t woman1 !re=e1 is n m]ely h\sewife4 ,i rem>k1 ?irdly1 t our female sup]9t5d5ts1 m]*ants1 arti/s1 acc\ntants1 cl]ks1 & pr(essors1 are no m h\sewives ?an y\r male sup]9t5d5ts1 m]*ants1 arti/s1 book keep]s1 cl]ks1 & pr(essors2 t our female cooks & wait+-maids are no m h\sewives1 ?an y\r male cooks1 bak]s1 confection]s1 & footm52 t1 9 all ^! functions1 & 9 _m o!rs1 wom5 equal m51 :i* proves t !y are n less fitt$ ?an y = employm5ts t d n p]ta9 to ! h\sehold1 & t y are n less adapt$ ?an !y to ^? t d p]ta9 to x4 ,rude facts ?us /ifle y\r affirmations1 & %[ u t woman may be some?+ else ?an h\sewife or c\rtesan4 ,la/ly1 ,ma/]1 :at is ! position ( all wom5 relatively to all m58 ,,pr\dhon4 ,inf]iority2 = ! entire fem99e sex fills ! place ) reg>d to ! o!r sex1 9 c]ta9 respects1 ( ! wife ) reg>d to ! husb&3 ?is proce$s f ! sum total ( ! respective faculties4 ,,au?or4 ,s !re is nei!r lib]ty nor equality ev5 = ! woman :o has n a fa!r or husb&8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,! truly free woman is ! woman :o is *a/e2 ! *a/e woman is %e :o exp]i5ces no amor\s emotion = any "o1 n ev5 = h] husb&4--,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,au?or4 ,su* a woman is n *a/e3 %e is a /atue4 ,*a/ity be+ a virtue1 supposes ! dom9ion ( ! reason & ! moral s5se ov] an in/9ct3 ! *a/e woman1 !re=e1 is %e :o controls a c]ta9 in/9ct1 n %e :o is de/itute ( x4 ,i add t ! woman :o yields h]self to h] husb& )\t attraction1 plays ! "p ( a pro/itute4 ,i knew well t y und]/ood no?+ ei!r ( love or ( woman6 ,%all we1 9 conclusion1 comp>e y\r doctr9e conc]n+ ! "r ( woman ) t :i* y pr(ess conc]n+ "r 9 g5]al8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,will+ly 444 s9ce ,i _c d o!rwise4 ,,au?or4 ,d y admit t woman is id5tical 9 species ) man8 ,,pr\dhon4 ,yes1 only h] faculties are less en]getic4 ,,au?or4 ,i grant y ?is = ! sake ( discussion4 ,exp\nd y\r g5]al !ory conc]n+ "r1 ,i w apply x to woman1 & y %all draw ! conclusion4 ,,vii4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,! law regulat+ only human relations1 x is ! same = all2 s t1 to e/abli% exceptions1 x w be necess>y to prove t ! individuals except$ are ( sup]ior ord]1 or inf]ior to ! human species4--,creation ( ,ord] 9 ,humanity4 ,,au?or4 ,n[ y admit t woman is nei!r sup]ior nor inf]ior to ! human species1 b is id5tical 9 species ) man2 ! law is !re=e ! same = h] z = man4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,i draw ! contr>y conclusion1 because man is ! /rong]4 ,,au?or4 ,a contradiction1 ,ma/]4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,nei!r figure1 nor bir?1 nor ! faculties1 nor =tune1 nor rank1 nor pr(ession1 nor tal5t1 nor any?+ :i* di/+ui%es individuals ap>t1 e/abli%es betwe5 !m a diff]5ce ( species3 all be+ m51 & ! law only regulat+ human relations1 x is ! same = all4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,n[1 woman is 9 ess5ce id5tical ) man2 %e diff]s f him only 9 mann]s & qualities :i*1 accord+ to y1 by no means make h] diff] 9 ess5ce2 once m1 !re=e1 ! law is ! same = h] z = man4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,x is logical2 b ,i conclude ! contr>y1 because man is ! /rong]4 ,,au?or4 ,a contradiction1 ,ma/]4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,social equilibrium is ! equalization ( ! /rong & ! weak4 ,s long z ! /rong & ! weak are n equal1 !y are /rang]s1 !y _c =m an alliance1 !y are enemies4--#a/ ,memoir on ,prop]ty4 ,,au?or4 ,n[1 accord+ to y1 man is ! /rong & woman ! weak ( an id5tical species2 social equilibrium ought !re=e to equalize !m1 t !y may be nei!r /rang]s nor enemies4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,x is logical2 b ,i claim t !y %\ld be made unequal 9 society & 9 m>riage4 ,man %\ld h ! prepot5ce1 because he is ! /rong]4 ,,au?or4 ,a contradiction1 ,ma/]4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,f ! id5tity ( reason 9 all m51 & ! s5tim5t ( respect :i* leads !m to ma9ta9 _! mutual dignity at any co/1 foll[s equality be=e ju/ice4--7,ju/ice1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 etc47 ,all are born free3 betwe5 individual lib]ties !re is no o!r judge ?an equilibrium1 :i* is equality2 ! id5tity ( ess5ce does n p]mit ! creation ( a hi]>*y4--,vol4 ,,ii1 ! :ole ( ! #h? ,/udy4 ,,au?or4 ,n[1 woman is 9 ess5ce id5tical ) man4 ,%e is born free2 betwe5 h] & man !re is1 !re=e1 no o!r judge ?an equality2 x is n p]missible1 !re=e1 to e/abli% a hi]>*y betwe5 !m4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,x is logical4 ,b ,i conclude1 on ! contr>y1 t x is necess>y to create a hi]>*y betwe5 ! sexes1 & to give ! prepot5ce to man1 because he is ! /rong]4 ,,au?or4 ,a contradiction1 ,ma/]4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,! dignity ( ! human s\l consi/s 9 be+ unwill+ to suff] any "o ( its p[]s to subord9ate ! o!rs1 to require all to be at ! s]vice ( ! collective :ole2 ?is is morality1 ?is is virtue4 ,:oev] speaks ( h>mony or agreem5t1 9 fact1 necess>ily supposes t]ms 9 opposition4 ,attempt a hi]>*y1 a prepot5ce6 y ?9k to create ord]1 y create no?+ b absolutism4--,ju/ice1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,au?or4 ,woman1 accord+ to y1 =ms ) man an organism1 t ( ju/ice4 ,n[1 accord+ to y1 ! two halves ( ! &rogynus h diff]5t qualities1 :i* are requir$ to h>monize ) ea* o!r 9 equality "u pa9 ( creat+ absolutism in/ead ( ord]2 ! fem99e faculty is !re=e requir$ to =m an equipoise ) ! mascul9e faculty4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,x is logical2 b ,i conclude t ! dignity ( ! humanit>y &rogynus lies 9 subjugat+ ! fem99e faculty & creat+ despotism1 because man is ! /rong]4 ,,au?or4 ,a contradiction1 ,ma/]4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,ju/ice is ! respect spontane\sly felt = & reciprocally gu>anti$ to human dignity1 9 :atev] p]son & :atev] circum/ance x may be f\nd compromis$4--,ju/ice1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,au?or4 ,n[1 woman is a human be+1 possess+ a dignity :i* %\ld be respect$ & gu>anti$ by ! law ( reciprocity2 !re=e "o _c be want+ 9 respect to fem99e dignity )\t be+ want+ 9 ju/ice4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,x is logical2 b al?\gh woman is a human be+1 id5tical 9 species ) man1 & al?\gh ,i believe t !re is no o!r basis ( "r ?an equality1 ,i nev]!less affirm t ! dignity ( woman is inf]ior to t ( man1 because he is ! /rong]4 ,,au?or4 ,a contradiction1 ,ma/]4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,"r is to ea* ! faculty ( exact+ f o!rs respect = human dignity 9 8 p]son1 duty is ! obligation ( ea* to respect ?is dignity 9 ano!r4--,ju/ice1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,au?or4 ,n[1 woman be+ id5tical 9 species1 man possesses a dignity equal to h]s2 !re=e %e %\ld be respect$ 9 h] dignity1 t is1 9 h] p]son1 h] lib]ty1 h] prop]ty1 h] affections2 ?is is h] "r z a human be+1 & man _c d5y x )\t fail+ 9 ju/ice & 9 8 duty4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,x is logical4 ,b ,i claim t woman has n ! "r :i* my pr9ciples attribute to h]2 t man alone has rights1 because man is ! /rong]4 ,,au?or4 ,a contradiction1 ,ma/]4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,lib]ty is an absolute "r1 because x is to man :at imp5etrability is to matt]1 a condition s9e qua non ( exi/5ce4--#a/ ,memoir on ,prop]ty4 ,,au?or4 ,n[1 woman is a human be+1 %e has !re=e an absolute "r to lib]ty1 :i* is h] condition s9e qua non ( exi/5ce4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,x is logical4 ,b ,i conclude1 on ! contr>y1 t woman has no ne$ ( lib]ty2 t ?is condition s9e qua non ( exi/5ce = our species1 does n reg>d "o half ( ! species2 t man alone _c exi/ )\t lib]ty1 because he is ! /rong]4 ,,au?or4 ,a contradiction1 ,ma/]4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,equality is an absolute "r1 because )\t equality1 !re is no society4--,id4 ,,au?or4 ,n[1 woman is a human & social be+2 %e has an absolute "r1 !re=e1 to ?is equality1 )\t :i* %e w\ld be b a ,p>iah 9 society4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,x is logical4 ,b ,i nev]!less conclude f ?is t woman has no m "r to equality ?an to lib]ty4 ,t1 al?\gh ( ! same species z man1 & consequ5tly am5able to ! law ( equality1 nev]!less %e is n am5able to x1 & %\ld be unequal & 9 subjection to man1 because he is ! /rong]4 ,,au?or4 ,fie1 ,ma/]6 ,to contradict y\rself ?us is disgraceful to y\r reputation4 ,x w\ld be bett] to ma9ta9 t woman has n ! same rights z man1 because %e is ( a diff]5t species4 ,,pr\dhon4 ,woman is b\nd to feel t %e does n possess a dignity equal to t ( man2 9 ! association =m$ betwe5 !m to produce ju/ice1 ! notions ( "r & duty %all be no long] correlative4 ,man %all h all rights1 & %all accept only su* duties z x %all please him to recognize4 ,,au?or4 ,reflect t man1 aft] hav+ d5i$ ! dignity & ! "r ( woman1 w labor to /ultify h] m & m 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 despotism6 ,,pr\dhon4 ,t does n conc]n me3 ! family %\ld be immur$3 ! husb& is prie/ & k+ !re94 ,if1 z 9 ! case ) all lib]ty oppress$1 ! woman gr[s re/ive1 we w tell h] t %e does n "k h]self1 t %e is incapable ( judg+ & rul+ h]self2 t %e is a cyph]2 we w outrage h] 9 h] moral wor?2 we w d5y h] intellect & activity3 & by d9t ( intimidat+ h]1 we w succe$ 9 =c+ h] to be sil5t3 = man mu/ rema9 ma/]1 s9ce he is ! /rong]6 ,,au?or4 ,d5y & insult u1 ,ma/]1 ?is does u no h>m3 ! lords ( ! ,middle ,age employ$ ?is me?od ) _! s]fs1 y\r sires 444 we are n[ indignant at !m4 ,slavehold]s employ$ & /ill employ ?is me?od ) ! blacks1 & ! civiliz$ _w is indignant at !m1 slav]y is re/rict$1 & is on ! way to disappe>4 ,mean:ile1 ,i po9t out y\r contradictions to my read]s2 y\r au?ority ov] m9ds w be !reby less5$1 ,i hope4 ,^? :o claim1 9 accordance ) ! major ( ! prec$+ syllogisms1 t y f\nd "r ^u id5tity ( species1 an ab/raction ( individual qualities2 t y believe "r & duty correlative2 t y desire equality & lib]ty1 w be q z ne>ly "r z ^? :o claim1 9 accordance ) ! conclusion ( ! same syllogisms1 t y base "r ^u =ce1 sup]iority ( faculties2 t y accept inequality & despotism1 d5y individual lib]ty & social equality1 & d n believe 9 ! correlation ( "r & duty4 ,if x is pa9ful to y to h fall5 into contradictions s mon/r\s1 believe t x is n less pa9ful to me to be =c$1 9 ! int]e/ ( my cause1 to po9t !m out to ! _w4 ,hav+ tak5 9 h& ! cause ( my sex1 ,i 0 "u obligations to p>ry y\r attacks by turn+ aga9/ y\rself y\r allegations aga9/ u4 ,x 0 necess>y to d ?is1 n by d5ials & declamations :i* prove no?+1 or by affirmations )\t pro(s1 accord+ to y\r me?od ( proce$+2 b by oppos+ to y sci5ce & facts2 by mak+ use only ( ! rational me?od :i* y extol )\t employ+ x1 by *>g+ y (t5 ) contradict+ y\rself :5 pro(s de facto w\ld h dem&$ too mu* detail & "t4 ,y accuse wom5 ( tak+ *im]as = realities4 ,i h prov$ to y t y des]ve ?is reproa*1 s9ce y\r !ory is 9 contradiction to sci5ce & facts4 ,y accuse wom5 ( erect+ unreal analogies into pr9ciples4444 ,i h prov$ t y h done s z well1 9 d$uc+ f ! pret5d$ abs5ce ( physical g]ms 9 woman1 ! abs5ce ( intellectual & moral g]ms4 ,y accuse woman ( reason+ wrongly4444 ,i h br\ght y face to face ) y\r own pr9ciples1 t y might draw f !m contradictory conclusions4 ,y accuse woman ( creat+ no?+ b m$leys1 mon/]s4444 ,! anatomy ( y\r !ory proves t y "k h[ to d s q z well4 ,y accuse woman ( lack+ intellect1 ( want ( ju/ice1 virtue1 *a/ity4444 ,i appeal f y to y\rself1 & y say positively ! contr>y4 ,:]e y are fanta/ic1 contradictory1 ,i1 a woman1 appeal to logic4 ,:]e y are want+ 9 me?od1 ,i1 a woman1 employ sci5tific & rational me?od4 ,:]e y contradict y\r own pr9ciples1 ,i appeal to ^! same pr9ciples to judge & condemn y4 ,:i* ( u two is ! m reasonable & m rational8 ,my mode/y suff]s1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 at ! ?\ght t ,i h play$ ! "p ( ,m9]va %am+ ,ulysses ( 8 p>adoxes & 8 pr(ligacies4 ,at la/1 ?is tiresome "p is end$6 ,i h address$ s _m h>% ?+s to y 9 s firm & resolute a tone1 t ,i %\ld be sorry to quit y )\t a few fri5dly words com+ f my he>t4 ,y ought to be fully conv9c$ ( my s9c]ity1 = y see t y h to deal ) a woman :o %r9ks f no "o2 :o is nev] intimidat$1 h[ev] great may be h] oppon5t1 or :atev] "n he may be>4 ,y may be my adv]s>y3 ,i %all nev] be y\r enemy1 = ,i reg>d y z an hone/ man1 a vigor\s ?9k]1 "o ( ! glories ( ,france1 "o ( ! great m5 ( our ,comt1 always s de> to ! he>t ( h] *ildr52 la/ly1 "o ( ! admirations ( my y\?4 ,y & ,i belong to ! great army t is assault+ ! citadel ( abuse1 & endeavor+ to m9e & sap x2 ,i d n %un ?is solid>ity4 ,is x s necess>y t we %\ld fight8 ,let u live 9 peace2 ,i c entreat x ( y )\t /oop+1 s9ce ,i d n fe> y4 ,und]/& "o ?+ t ,i tell y )\t bitt]ness3 t y are incapable ( und]/&+ woman1 & t by cont9u+ ! /ruggle1 y w inevitably range h] "u ! bann] ( ! anti-revolutioni/s4 ,y\r pride has set enmity betwe5 y & woman1 & y h bruis$ h] heel3 no "o w\ld be m sorry ?an ,i to see h] cru% y\r head4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,comte4 ,:at ?\ght ,augu/e ,comte1 :o di$ 9 ,septemb]1 #aheg4 ,to solve ?is "q1 x is necess>y fir/ to divide ! man into two p>ts2 n z ! wise k+ ,solomon design$ to divide ! *ild disput$ = by two mo!rs1 b 9 ?\ght1 by mak+ ( him two di/9ct m52 a philosoph] & a reveal]4 ,m4 ,comte1 :o d5i$ & insult$ 8 ma/]1 ,sa9t ,simon1 is only ! popul>iz] ( 8 rec5tly edit$ works3 s mu* = ! rational phase4 ,:at belongs to him exclusively is a socio-religi\s organization1 :i* _c be ! "w ( a heal?y m9d4 ,:at belongs to him exclusively1 is a heavy1 dry1 insult+ /yle1 arrogant to ! po9t ( be+ revolt+1 load$ & ov]load$ ) adjectives & adv]bs4 ,:at belongs to him exclusively1 are a few ideas t he has subm]g$ 9 volumes1 conta9+ n less ?an f sev5 hundr$ & fifty to eight hundr$ pages1 9 small type4 ,i d n advise y to p]use !m1 read]s1 unless 9 y\r he>t & s\l y believe y\rself des]v+ ( _m ye>s ( purgatory1 :i* y pref] to expiate on ! e>? 444 ,i d n "k :e!r ,i ought to say above or bel[1 s9ce a/ronomy has rev]s$ ! positions ( ! mat]ial & spiritual worlds4 ,! disciples ( ,comte are divid$ into two s*ools3 t ( ! ,positivi/ ,philosoph]s1 & t ( ! ,prie/hood4 ,! fir/ reject ! religi\s organization ( ,comte1 & are 9 reality no?+ b ! *ildr5 ( mod]n ,philosophy1 & v e/imable adv]s>ies ( t nebul\s ?+ :i* is call$ ,metaphysics4 ,we c\ld n !re=e h !m 9 sight 9 ?is article2 s1 let n ,m4 ,littr & 8 honorable fri5ds fr[n 9 read+ u3 we are ab\t to f9d fault only ) ! high prie/ & 8 prie/hood4 ,! doctr9e ( ,comte conc]n+ woman be+ connect$ ) ! :ole ( 8 religi\s sy/em1 let u fir/ say a ^w ab\t ?is sy/em4 ,!re is no ,god2 !re is no s\l3 ! object ( our adoration %\ld be ,humanity1 repres5t$ by ! be/ ( our species4444 ,!re are ?ree social elem5ts3 woman1 prie/1 & man4 ,woman is ! moral provid5ce1 ! gu>dian ( morals4 ,_h x n be5 = ! :olly my/ical love1 ,i will+ly believe1 t ,comte _h = ,madame ,clotilde de ,vaux1 x is probable t woman w\ld n h be5 ! moral ,provid5ce2 ?anks to ?is love1 %e is no?+ less ?an ?is4 ,we w see t nei!r is %e any?+ m4 ,( a nature sup]ior to t ( man 79 ! op9ion ( ,comte71 %e is nev]!less subject to him1 9 consequ5ce ( a philosophical p>adox :i* we ne$ n refute "h4 ,! function ( woman is to r5d] man moral2 a task :i* %e c p]=m well only 9 private life2 all social & sac]dotal functions are !re=e int]dict$ h]4 ,%e %\ld be pres]v$ f labor1 %\ld r5\nce d[ry & inh]itance2 man is *>g$ ) ma9ta9+ h]2 daught]1 %e is support$ by h] fa!r or h] bro!rs2 wife1 by h] husb&2 wid[1 by h] sons4 ,9 default ( h] natural ma9ta9]s1 ! /ate1 on ! requisition ( ! prie/hood1 provides = h] wants4 ,m>riage is in/itut$ = ! p]fect+ ( ! m>ri$ c\ple1 above all1 = t ( ! man3 ! reproduction ( ! species has s little to d ) its end1 t ! progress ( sci5ce p]mits u to hope t1 "s day1 woman w be able alone to reproduce humanity1 s z to realize & to g5]alize ! hypo!sis ( ! ,virg9 ,"m4 ,!n x w be possible to regulate human production1 by entru/+ to none b ! mo/ des]v+ wom5 ! task ( conceiv+ *ildr5 & br++ !m into ! _w1 especially memb]s ( ! prie/hood4 ,divorce is n p]mitt$1 & wid[hood is et]nal = bo? sexes4 ,su*1 9 brief1 is ! ,comti/ doctr9e conc]n+ woman1 m>riage & procreation4 ,z ! read] might suspect u ( malici\s exagg]ation1 we entreat him to read att5tively ! foll[+ pages1 emanat+ f ! p5 ( ! orig9ator ( ! sy/em4 ,accord+ to him1 wom5 h nev] dem&$ _! emancipation2 ! m5 :o claim x = !m are1 aft] ,comte's usual c\rte\s /yle1 no?+ b utopi/s corrupt$ by retrogression4 ,all transitional ages1' he says1 h giv5 rise1 l our own1 to sophi/ical ab]rations conc]n+ ! social condition ( woman4 ,b ! natural law :i* assigns to ! effective sex an exi/5ce ess5tially dome/ic1 has nev] be5 mat]ially alt]$4444 ,wom5 7 !n 79 antiquity7 too l[ to reject wor?ily1 ev5 by _! sil5ce1 ! doctoral ab]rations ( _! pret5d$ def5d]s4444 ,b among ! mod]ns1 ! happy lib]ty ( ! we/]n wom5 p]mits !m to manife/ a decisive repugnance :i* is suffici5t1 9 default ( rational ratification1 to neutralize ^! w&]+s ( ! m9d1 inspir$ by ! intemp]ance ( ! he>t4 ,)\t discuss+ unreal retrograde utopias1 x is ( importance to feel1 ! bett] to appreciate real ord]1 t if wom5 %\ld ev] obta9 ?is temporal equality dem&$1 )\t _! cons5t1 by _! pret5d$ def5d]s1 _! social gu>anties w\ld suff] !reby z mu* z _! moral "*4 ,= !y w\ld f9d !mselves ?us subject$1 9 ! majority ( occupations1 to an active daily competition :i* !y c\ld n su/a91 :ile at ! same "t ! practical rivalry w\ld corrupt ! pr9cipal s\rces ( mutual affection4 ,man %\ld support woman1 su* is ! natural law ( our species4--,politique ,positive1 t4 ,i4 ,x is necess>y to consid] ! j indep5d5ce ( ! affective sex z f\nd$ ^u two connect$ conditions1 its univ]sal affran*isem5t f labor outside ! h\sehold1 & its free r5unciation ( all weal?4444 ,dome/ic prie/esses ( humanity1 born to modify by affection ! necess>y reign ( =ce1 !y %\ld %un1 z radically degrad+1 all p>ticipation 9 comm&4--,id4 t4 ,,iv4 ,! moral degradation appe>s to me /ill great] :5 woman enri*es h]self by h] own labor4 ,! cont9u$ eag]ness ( ga9 makes h] !n lose ev5 t spontane\s k9dness :i* pres]ves ! o!r type 9 ! mid/ ( its dissipations4 ,no worse indu/rial *iefs c exi/ ?an wom54--,cat4 ,pos4 ,s ladies1 ye :o pref] labor to pro/itution1 :o pass days & nights 9 provid+ = ! wants ( y\r family1 x is und]/ood ( c\rse t y are degrad$2 a woman ought n to d any?+2 respect & honor belong to idl5ess4 ,y1 ,victoria ( ,engl&1 ,isabella ( ,spa91--y comm&1 !re=e y are radically degrad$4 ,m4 ,comte pret5ds t mascul9e sup]iority is inconte/able 9 all t conc]ns ! prop]ly call$ s\rce ( comm& 444 t ! intellect ( man is /rong]1 m ext5d$ ?an t ( woman4 ,a heal?y appreciation ( ! univ]sal ord] w make ! affective sex compreh5d h[ important submission is to dignity4 ,! prie/hood w make wom5 feel ! m]it ( submission1 by develop+ ?is admirable maxim ( ,ari/otle3 ! *ief /r5g? ( woman consi/s 9 surm\nt+ ! difficulty ( obey+2 _! education w h prep>$ !m to compreh5d t all dom9ion1 f> f really elevat+1 necess>ily degrades !m1 by depreciat+ _! *ief wor? s z to expect f /r5g? ! asc5dancy :i* is due to love alone4--,ibid4 ,"h are a few pages f ! sy/em ( ,politique ,positive1 t4 ,,iv41 :i* are too curi\s n to int]e/ ! read]4 ,! bett] to *>act]ize fem99e indep5d5ce1 ,i ?9k x be/ to introduce a bold hypo!sis1 :i* human progress p]haps w realize1 al?\gh x is my bus9ess nei!r to exam9e :5 nor h[4 ,if ! mascul9e app>atus contributes to our g5]ation only aft] a simple excitem5t1 d]iv$ f its organic de/9ation1 ! possibility may be conceiv$ ( replac+ ?is /imulant by ano!r or sev]al o!rs1 ( :i* ! woman w\ld dispose at w4 ,! abs5ce ( su* a faculty among ! neighbor+ species _c be suffici5t to int]dict x to ! mo/ em95t & mo/ modifiable race4444 ,if fem99e indep5d5ce c ev] rea* ?is limit1 9 accordance ) ! sum total ( moral1 intellectual1 & ev5 mat]ial progress1 ! social function ( ! affective sex w be f\nd notably improv$4 ,!n all fluctuation betwe5 ! animal appreciation :i* /ill prevails1 & ! noble doctr9e sy/ematiz$ by positivism1 w\ld cease4 ,! mo/ ess5tial production 7t ( our species7 w\ld become indep5d5t ( ! caprices ( a p]turbat+ in/9ct1 ! normal repression ( :i* has hi!rto con/itut$ ! pr9cipal ob/acle to human discipl9e4 ,su* a privilege w\ld be naturally f\nd transf]r$1 ) full responsibility1 to ! organs be/ fitt$ to its use1 alone capable ( gu>d+ !mselves f vici\s impulses1 s z to realize all ! advantages t x p]mits4 ,:i* means 9 good ,engli%1 my female read]s1 t p]haps ! "t w come :5 y w create *ildr5 )\t ! co-op]ation ( ^! g5tlem52 t ?is function w be confid$ to ^? among y :o %all be mo/ wor?y ( x1 & t !y w be held responsible = ! imp]fection ( ! product4 ,!nce=?1 resumes ! au?or1 ! utopia ( ! ,virg9 ,"m w become to ! pure/ & mo/ em95t an ideal goal1 directly suit$ to sum up human p]fection1 ?us c>ri$ ev5 to sy/ematiz+ procreation1 :ile ennobl+ x4444 ,success dep5ds mo/ ( all on ! g5]al developm5t ( ! relations betwe5 ! s\l & ! body1 its cont9u$ se>* 7t ( ! problem ( fruitful virg9ity7 w wor?ily in/itute ! sy/ematic /udy ( vital h>mony1 by procur+ to x at once ! noble/ aim & ! be/ organs4--,ibid4 ,translat$3 ! /udy ( ! relations ( ! bra9 ) ! body w lead u to discov] ! means ( procreat+ *ildr5 )\t ! co-op]ation ( man2 ?is is ! noble/ aim ( ?is /udy1 z ! faculty ( be+ a virg9 "m %\ld be ! ideal :i* ! pure/ & mo/ em95t wom5 %\ld seek to atta94 ,?us1 cont9ues ,m4 ,comte1 ,i am l$ to repres5t ! utopia ( ! ,virg9 ,"m z ! syn!tic rsume ( positive religion1 all ! phases ( :i* x comb9es4--,ibid4 ,translation3 ,to procreate *ildr5 )\t ! concurr5ce ( man1 sums up positive religion1 & comb9es all its phases4 ,?is may be v f9e1 b z to be+ rational & positive--:at d y ?9k1 read]s8 ,! rationality ( ! problem1 adds ! au?or1 is f\nd$ ^u ! det]m9ation ( ! true (fice ( ! mascul9e app>atus1 design$ especially to supply to ! blood an excitative fluid1 capable ( /r5g!n+ all ! vital op]ations1 :e!r animal or organic4 ,9 comp>ison ) ?is g5]al s]vice1 ! special use ( ! fecundative /imulus becomes m & m second>y 9 proportion z ! organism is elevat$4 ,x may ?us be conceiv$ t 9 ! noble/ species1 ?is liquid ceases to be indisp5sable to ! awak5+ ( ! g]m1 :i* may result artificially f sev]al o!r1 & ev5 f mat]ial s\rces1 especially f a bett] reaction ( ! n]v\s ^u ! vascul> sy/em4--,ibid4 ,all ?is w\ld be possible1 ,i grant1 if ! fluid ( :i* y speak1 ,high ,prie/1 _h1 above all1 ! g5]al function :i* y attribute to x2 ,if ! reproduction ( our species by ! co-op]ation ( ! two sexes 7 n a law2 ,if we c\ld pres]ve a species :ile de/roy+ its law2 ,if facts did n contradict ! possibility ( ! hypo!sis4 ,n[1 to place an if be=e a natural law & ! ph5om5a :i* are its expression1 is only a gross absurdity3 we expla9 laws1 we d n re=m !m )\t pr(\ndly modify+ ! be+ t !y gov]n2 we d n de/roy )\t de/roy+ ?is be+3 = ! individual be+ is ! law 9 =m4 ,! au?or dwells z foll[s on ! consequ5ces ( ! absurd hypo!sis4 ,!nce x may be conceiv$ t civilization n only disposes man bett] to appreciate woman1 b augm5ts ! p>ticipation ( ?is sex 9 human reproduction1 :i* ought1 f9ally1 to emanate f x alone4 ,reg>d$ individually1 su* a modification ought to improve ! c]ebral & corporal con/itution ( bo? sexes1 by develop+ !re9 cont9u$ *a/ity1 ! importance ( :i* has be5 felt m & m by univ]sal in/9ct1 ev5 dur+ irregul>ities4--p4 #bgg4 ,consid]$ dome/ically1 ?is trans=mation w\ld r5d] ! con/itution ( ! human family m 9 con=mity ) ! g5]al _s ( sociocracy1 by complet+ ! j emancipation ( woman1 ?us made1 ev5 physically1 indep5d5t ( man4 ,! normal asc5dancy ( ! affective sex w\ld be no long] conte/able ) respect to *ildr5 emanat$ f x exclusively4 ,b ! pr9cipal result w\ld consi/ 9 p]fect+ ! fundam5tal in/itution ( m>riage 7! improvem5t ( ! m>ri$ c\ple )\t sexual motive71 ! positive !ory ( :i* w\ld !n become unexceptionable4 ,?us purifi$1 ! conjugal tie w\ld exp]i5ce an amelioration z m>k$ z :5 ,polygamy 0 replac$ by ,monogamy3 = we %\ld g5]alize ! utopia ( ! ,middle ,age1 9 :i* ,mat]nity 0 reconcil$ ) ,virg9ity4 ,reg>d$ civilly1 ?is in/itution alone p]mits ! regulation ( ! mo/ important ( productions1 :i* c nev] become suffici5tly susceptible ( sy/ematization1 s long z x %all be accompli%$ 9 delirium & )\t responsibility4 ,res]v$ to its be/ organs1 ?is function w\ld p]fect ! human race by bett] det]m9+ ! transmission ( ameliorations due to ext]nal influ5ces1 bo? social & p]sonal4444 ,sy/ematic procreation com+ to rema9 m or less conc5trat$ among ! bett] types1 ! comp>ison ( ! two cases w\ld give rise n only to valuable enlight5m5t1 b also to an important in/itution :i* w\ld procure to sociocracy ! pr9cipal advantage ( !ocracy4 ,= ! developm5t ( ! new mode w\ld soon cause a non-h]$it>y ca/e to spr+ up1 bett] adapt$ ?an ! common populace = ! recruital ( spiritual & ev5 temporal *iefs1 ^: au?ority w\ld !n re/ on a truly sup]ior orig91 :i* w\ld n %un inve/igation4 ,all ^! indications w suffice to %[ ! value ( ! utopia ( ! ,virg9 ,"m1 de/9$ to procure to ,positivism a syn!tic rsume1 equival5t to t :i* ! in/itution ( ! ,eu*>i/ furni%es to ,ca?olicism4--,ibid4 ,x is mu* to be fe>$1 alas6 t ! disciples ( ?is great man1 h[ev] ard5t seek]s ( vital h>mony !y may be1 w nev] f9d ! syn!tic rsume ( ,positivism1 ! equival5t ( ! ,eu*>i/3 & x w be a great pity3 to ord] *ildr5 z we ord] %oes1 & leave !m on ! "m's h&s :5 !y d n suit1 w\ld be v conv5i5t4 ,& :at1 ,i ask y1 w ! future lead]s ( humanity d1 if !y c only obta9 respect & ob$i5ce on ! condition ( prov+ t !y are sons ( virg9s8 ,b we w n je/ ) s grave a p]sonage z ! ,high ,prie/ ( ,humanity3 we w only say 9 pass+1 t nev] 0 a!i/ se5 to %[ himself m pr(\ndly a ,*ri/ian ?r\gh contempt = works ( ! fle%4 ,he> :at he says on page #bhf ( ! "w be=e cit$3 ,useless to individual cons]vation1 ! sexual in/9ct co-op]ates only 9 an accessory & ev5 equivocal mann] to ! propagation ( ! species4 ,philosoph]s truly fre$ f sup]/ition %\ld reg>d x m & m z t5d+ above all to di/urb ! pr9cipal design ( ! vivify+ fluid4 ,b )\t wait+ = ! fem99e utopia to be realiz$1 we may det]m9e1 if n ! atrophy1 at lea/ ! in]tia ( ?is c]ebral sup]foetation1 ) m facility ?an is indicat$ by ! insuffici5t ef=ts ( !ologism4 ,:ile positive education w make ! vices ( su* an in/9ct ev]y:]e felt1 & w raise up ! cont9u$ hope ( its desuetude1 ! :ole f9al sy/em ought naturally to in/itute a revulsive treatm5t ) respect to x1 m efficaci\s ?an ,ca?olic au/]ities4 ,= ! univ]sal aspiration ( dome/ic exi/5ce & ( public life w develop ! sympa!tic faculties to su* a degree1 t s5tim5t1 intellect1 & activity w always concur to /igmatize & repress ! mo/ p]turb+ ( selfi% prop5sities4 ,despite all ?is aspiration1 & all ^! /igmas1 d n tru/ to x1 ,high ,prie/6 ,be advis$ by me1 use camphor1 & pl5ty ( x2 scatt] x ev]y:]e z a c]ta9 ,amphitryon scatt]$ nutmeg4 ,x is 9 prevision ( ! excommunications hurl$ by y aga9/ ?is vile1 ?is useless in/9ct1 t ,nature has be5 prodigal ( camphor4 ,^u ! :ole1 y see1 my female read]s1 t if ,m4 ,comte believes u weak] ?an man 9 body1 m9d1 & "*1 9 return1 he believes u bett]4 ,we are moral provid5ce1 gu>dian angels3 he dreams ( affran*isem5t = u ?r\gh ! subv]sion ( a natural law4 ,b mean:ile he places u "u ! yoke ( man by exempt+ u f labor2 ,he rivets our *a9s by p]suad+ u cajol+ly to despoil ourselves ( our prop]ty2 ,he says to u 9 ! g5tle/ voice imag9able3 nev] comm&3 x w\ld degrade y2 ,y\r great /r5g? is 9 obey+ him :om x is y\r de/9y to direct4 ,y w be naught 9 ! temple1 naught 9 ! /ate4 ,9 ! family1 y are dome/ic prie/esses1 ! auxili>ies ( ! prie/hood4 ,?ree sacram5ts out ( n9e are refus$ y3 t ( de/9y1 because1 = y1 x is conf\nd$ ) t ( m>riage2 t ( retirem5t1 because y h no pr(ession2 la/ly1 t ( incorporation1 because a woman _c1 9 h]self1 m]it a p]sonal & public apo!osis4 ,if y h be5 wor?y auxili>ies1 y %all be int]r$ ne> ^? :om y %all h influ5c$1 l _! o!r useful auxili>ies3 ! horse1 ! dog1 ! c[1 & ! ass2 & m5tion %all be made ( y :5 honors %all be paid to ! memb] ( humanity to :om y %all h belong$4 ,%all we refute su* doctr9es8 ,no4 ,our answ] to !m f9ds a fitt] place 9 ! article devot$ to ,m4 ,pr\dhon1 :o has drawn l>gely f ! doctr9e ( ,m4 ,comte4 ,z to ! prie/s :o cont9ue ! tea*+s ( _! ma/]1 x suffices to ref] !m to :at ,i said to ,m4 ,comte 9 ! ,revue ,philosophique ( ,decemb]1 #ahee4 ,! wom5 ( ! pres5t "t are 9 g5]al intellig5t1 because !y receive an education sup]ior to t ( _! mo!rs4 ,! majority ( !m devote !mselves to an active life ei!r 9 ! arts or ! trades2 m5 ackn[l$ge !m z _! competitors 9 ^!1 & ev5 confess t !y are sup]ior 9 managem5t4 ,no man1 wor?y ( ! "n1 w\ld d>e conte/ t woman is 8 equal1 & t ! day ( h] civil emancipation is close at h&4 ,wom51 on _! side1 m indep5d5t & m des]v+1 )\t hav+ lo/ any?+ ( _! grace & g5tl5ess1 no long] accept ! fam\s axiom3 man %\ld support woman2 /ill less d !y accept ! admirable maxim ( ,ari/otle1 fit = ! slaves ( ! gyneceum4 ,be sure t e true woman w laugh at ! raim5t ( cl\ds :i* y pret5d to give h]1 at ! inc5se ) :i* y wi% to asphyxiate h]2 = %e c>es no long] = adoration4 ,%e wi%es to c>ry h] intellect & activity unfett]$ into sph]es suit$ to h] aptitudes2 %e wi%es to aid h] bro!r1 man1 9 cle>+ up ! field ( !ory1 ! doma9 ( practice2 %e claims t e human be+ is ! judge ( 8 own aptitudes2 %e does n recognize 9 any man or 9 any doctr9e ! "r ( fix+ h] place1 & ( m>k+ out h] road4 ,?r\gh ! labor ( w> 0 ! patriciate con/itut$2 ?r\gh peaceful labor 0 s]vitude emancipat$2 ?r\gh labor1 also1 does woman claim to conqu] h] civil rights4 ,su* is :at _m wom5 are1 :at !y wi% to be to-day2 see if x is n madness to seek to revive ! gyneceum & ! atrium = ^! wom51 impregnat$ ) ! ideas ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 wr\ght ^u by ! ideas ( '#hi & ( ! mod]n re=m]s4 ,to say to su* wom5 t !y %all h no place 9 ! /ate1 nor 9 m>riage1 nor 9 sci5ce1 nor 9 art1 nor 9 ! trades1 nor ev5 9 y\r subjective p>adise1 is some?+ s mon/r\s t ,i _c conceive1 = my "p1 h[ ab]ration c\ld g s f>4 ,y w no long] f9d an int]locutress to say3 t a woman c sc>cely ev] des]ve a p]sonal & public apo!osis 444 t views involv+ ! fulle/ exp]i5ce & ! pr(\nde/ reflection are naturally int]dict$ to ! sex ^: contemplations c sc>cely g beyond ! circle ( private life ) success 444 t ! moral degradation ( woman is /ill great] :5 %e enri*es h]self by h] own labor 444 t !re are no worse indu/rial *iefs ?an wom54444 ,& if any woman beh9d ! times %\ld be s imbecile & immode/ z to hold su* language1 all m5 ( any wor? :atev] w\ld reg>d h] only ) disda94 ,b y1 :o wi% to annihilate woman1 f :at pr9ciple d y draw su* a consequ5ce8 ,t %e is an affective p[]1 y say 444 yes1 b1 z to t1 man is su*1 likewise2 & is n woman1 z well z he1 alike intellect & activity8 ,by reason ( a purely accid5tal pr$om9ance1 c "o half ( ! human species be bani%$ beyond ! cl\ds ( s5tim5tality8 ,& ought n all s]i\s discipl9e to t5d to develop1 n "o phase ( ! be+1 b ! pond]ation1 ! h>mony ( all its phases8 ,want ( h>mony is ! s\rce ( disord] & de=mity4 ,! woman :o is solely s5tim5tal commits irrep>able errors2 ! man :o is solely rational is a species ( mon/]1 & ! p]son 9 :om activity pr$om9ates is b a brute4 ,s9ce y believe 9 ,gall & ,spurzheim1 y "k t ! encephalon ( ! two sexes is alike1 t x is modifiable 9 bo?1 t all education is f\nd$ on ?is modificability2 :y has x nev] occurr$ to y t if man en masse is m rational ?an woman1 x is because education1 laws & cu/om h develop$ 9 him ! ant]ior lobes ( ! bra92 :ile 9 woman1 education1 laws & cu/om develop especially ! po/]ior lobes ( ?is organ2 & :y1 hav+ e/abli%$ ^! facts1 h y n be5 l$ to conclude t1 s9ce organs are develop$ only 9 consequ5ce ( ! excitants appli$ to !m1 x is probable t man & woman1 subject$ to ! same c]ebral excitants1 w\ld be develop$ 9 ! same mann]1 ) ! %ades ( diff]5ce peculi> to ea* individuality2 & t = woman to be develop$ h>moni\sly "u h] ?ree aspects1 %e mu/ manife/ h]self socially "u ?ree aspects8 ,be sure1 sir1 y\r pr9ciple is ?rice false1 ?rice 9 contradiction to sci5ce & reason2 9 ! pres5ce ( ! physiology ( ! bra91 all !ories ( classification fall to ! gr\nd3 be=e ! n]v\s sy/em1 wom5 are ! equals ( m53 !y c be _! inf]iors only be=e muscul> supremacy1 attack$ by ! inv5tion ( p[d]1 & ab\t to be r$uc$ to du/ by ! triumph ( me*anism4 ,i %\ld say _m m ?+s to y1 sir1 7 n ?is critical sket* too long already2 b imp]fect ?\gh x may be1 hav+ to my m9d only ! mean+ ( a woman's prote/ aga9/ y\r doctr9es1 ,i %all pause "h4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,leg\v4 ,! inh]itor ( a "n :i* comm&s respect1 ,erne/ ,leg\v1 an elegant1 eloqu5t1 & impassion$ au?or1 has writt5 a ,moral ,hi/ory ( ,wom51 :5ce exhales a p]fume ( purity & love :i* refre%es ! he>t & calms ! s\l4 ,9 e page ( ?is book1 we detect ! impulse ( an upright he>t & l(ty m9d1 indignant at inju/ice1 oppression1 & moral de=mity4 ,! au?or has des]v$ well ( wom51 & x is ) pleasure t ,i seize ! opportunity ( ?ank+ him 9 ! "n ( ^? :o1 at ! pres5t "t1 are /ruggl+ 9 v>i\s c\ntries = ! emancipation ( half ! human race4 ,:at is ! object ( ,leg\v's "w8 ,we w let him tell x himself4 ,! object ( ?is book is summ$ up 9 ^! words3 to lay claim to fem99e lib]ty 9 ! "n ( ! two v pr9ciples ( ! adv]s>ies ( ?is lib]ty3 tradition & diff]5ce 7( ! sexes71 t is to say1 to %[ 9 tradition progress1 & 9 diff]5ce equality4 ,god creat$ ! human species d\ble1 we utilize b half ( x2 ,nature says two1 we say "o2 we mu/ agree ) ,nature4 ,unity itself1 in/ead ( p]i%+ !reby1 w\ld only !n be true unity2 t is1 n ! /]ile absorption ( "o ( two t]ms = ! b5efit ( ! o!r1 b ! liv+ fusion ( two frat]nal individualities1 increas+ ! common p[] ) all ! =ce ( _! individual developm5t4 ,! fem99e _s is /ifl$1 b n dead4444 ,we _c annihilate at our pleasure a =ce creat$ by ,god1 or ext+ui% a tor* light$ by 8 h&2 b turn$ aside f its purpose1 ?is =ce1 in/ead ( creat+1 de/roys2 ?is tor* consumes in/ead ( giv+ light4 ,let u !n op5 wide ! gates ( ! _w to ?is new elem5t3 we h ne$ ( x4 ,!n1 exam9+ ! position ( wom51 ! au?or adds3 ,no hi/ory pres5ts1 we believe1 m iniquit\s prejudices to combat1 m secret w\nds to heal4 ,%all we speak ( ! pres5t8 ,z daught]s1 no public education = !m1 no pr(essional in/ruction1 no possible life )\t m>riage1 no m>riage )\t a d[ry4 ,wives--!y d n legally possess _! prop]ty1 !y d n possess _! p]sons1 !y _c give1 !y _c receive1 !y are "u ! ban ( an et]nal int]dict4 ,mo!rs--!y h n ! legal "r to direct ! education ( _! *ildr51 !y c nei!r m>ry !m1 nor prev5t !m f m>ry+1 nor bani% !m f ! pat]nal h\se nor reta9 !m !re4 ,memb]s ( ! commonweal?1 !y c nei!r be ! gu>dians ( o!r orphans ?an _! sons or _! gr&-sons1 nor take "p 9 a family c\ncil1 nor witness a w2 !y h n ! "r ( te/ify+ 9 ! /ate to ! bir? ( a *ild6 ,among ! work+ p1 :at class is mo/ wret*$8 ,wom54 ,:o are !y t e>n f sixte5 to eighte5 s\s = twelve h\rs ( labor8 ,wom54 ,^u :om falls all ! exp5se ( illegitimate *ildr58 ,^u wom54 ,:o be> all ! disgrace ( faults committ$ ?r\gh passion8 ,wom54 ,!n1 aft] %[+ ! position ( ri* wom51 he cont9ues3 ,& ?us1 slaves ev]y:]e1 slaves ( want1 slaves ( weal?1 slaves ( ignorance1 !y c only ma9ta9 !mselves great & pure by =ce ( native nobl5ess & almo/ sup]human virtue4 ,c su* dom9ation endure8 ,evid5tly n4 ,x necess>ily falls be=e ! pr9ciple ( natural equity2 & ! mom5t has come to claim = wom5 _! %>e ( rights &1 above all1 ( duties2 to demon/rate :at subjection takes away f !m1 & :at true lib]ty w re/ore to !m2 to %[1 9 %ort1 ! good t !y d n & ! good !y might d4 ,! hi/ory ( ! pa/ %[s u woman m & m oppress$ 9 proportion z we trace back ! c\rse ( c5turies4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution 7itself71 :i* r5ew$ ! :ole ord] ( ?+s 9 ord] to affran*ise m51 did no?+1 we may say1 = ! affran*isem5t ( wom54444 '#ia respect$ almo/ all ( ! fem99e disabilities ( '#hh1 & ! ,consulate confirm$ !m 9 ! civil code4 ,?is1 9 ,leg\v's op9ion 0 ! fault ( ! philosophy ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 = woman is1 accord+ to ,did]ot1 a c\rtesan2 accord+ to ,montesquieu1 an attractive *ild2 accord+ to ,r\sseau1 an object ( pleasure to man2 accord+ to ,voltaire1 no?+4444 ,condorcet & ,sieys dem&$ ev5 ! political emancipation ( woman2 b _! prote/s 7 /ifl$ by ! p[]ful voices ( ! ?ree great cont9u]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ,mirabeau1 ,danton1 & ,robespi]re4 ,"u ! ,consulate1 fem99e lib]ty _h no m decid$ enemy 7?an ,bonap>te37 a s\!rn]1 ! spirituality ( woman 0 lo/ on him2 a w>rior1 he saw 9 ! family a camp1 & !re requir$1 be=e all else1 discipl9e2 a despot1 he saw 9 x a /ate1 & !re requir$1 be=e all else1 ob$i5ce4 ,he x 0 :o conclud$ a discussion 9 c\ncil ) ^! words3 ,!re is "o ?+ t is n ,fr5*2 t a woman c d z %e pleases4444 ,always man 79 ! ?\ght ( ,bonap>te71 always ! honor ( man6 ,z to ! happ9ess ( woman1 x is n a s+le "t 9 "q 79 ! civil code47 ,x is 9 behalf ( ! weakness ( wom51 x is 9 behalf ( tradition :i* %[s !m con/antly subord9ate1 x is 9 behalf ( _! h\sehold functions1 t ! adv]s>ies ( ! emancipation ( wom5 oppose x4 ,to educate !m is to de=m !m2 & !y d n want _! play?+s spoil$1 says ,m4 ,leg\v1 ironically4 ,he !n cont9ues 9 a s]i\s /ra93 ,:at matt]s tradition to u8 ,:at matt]s hi/ory to u8 ,!re is an au?ority m p[]ful ?an ! cons5t ( ! human race3 x is ! ,"r4 ,?\gh a ?\s& m c5turies ( s]vitude %\ld be add$ to ^? :i* h already pass$1 _! accord c\ld n bani% ! primordial "r :i* rules ov] ev]y?+1 ! absolute "r ( p]fect+ "o's self :i* e be+ has receiv$ f ! sole fact t he has be5 creat$4 ,to ^? :o base _! opposition on ! dome/ic functions ( woman1 he answ]s3 ,if !re 79 ! h\sehold7 is _! k+dom1 !n !re !y %\ld be que5s2 _! own faculties assure !m !re ( au?ority1 & _! adv]s>ies are =c$1 by _! own pr9ciples1 to emancipate !m z daught]s1 z wives1 z mo!rs4 ,or1 on ! contr>y1 x is s\ght to ext5d _! influ5ce1 to give !m a rle 9 ! /ate1 & we believe t !y %\ld h "o3 well2 x is also 9 ?is dissimil>ity 7betwe5 ! two sexes71 t x is fitt+ to seek x4 ,:5 two be+s are ( value to ea* o!r1 x is almo/ always because !y diff] f1 n because !y resemble ea* o!r4 ,f> f dispossess+ m51 ! mission ( wom5 !re=e w\ld be to d :at m5 leave undone1 to aspire to empty places1 9 %ort1 to repres5t 9 ! commonweal? ! _s ( woman4 ,z is evid5t1 ,leg\v dem&s ! civil emancipation ( woman 9 ! "n ( ! et]nal ,"r1 9 ! "n ( ! happ9ess ( ! family1 9 ! "n ( ! commonweal?2 _! long /&+ oppression is an iniquit\s fact1 & he ca/s blame on all :o h p]petuat$ x4 ,?is blame f a man ( he>t & ju/ice may p]haps h "s weight ) ^? wom5 :o are s mu* accu/om$ to bondage t !y d n blu% at x--t !y ev5 no long] feel x6 ,9 8 fir/ book1 ,! ,daught]1 :i* is divid$ into sev5 *apt]s1 ,leg\v takes ! *ild f h] bir?2 he %[s h] made inf]ior 9 ! anci5t religions & sy/ems ( legislation by ,m5u1 by ,moses1 at ,rome1 at ,sp>ta1 at ,a!ns1 & "u ! feudal rgime2 & he asks :y1 ev5 9 our days1 ! bir? ( a daught] is receiv$ ) a sort ( disfavor4 ,x is because %e w nei!r cont9ue ! "n nor ! works ( h] fa!r1 says he2 x is because h] future gives rise to a ?\s& anxieties4 ,life is s rude & s unc]ta9 = a girl6 ,poor1 h[ _m *ances ( mis]y6 ,ri*1 h[ _m *ances ( moral suff]+6 ,if %e is to h only h] labor = a ma9t5ance1 h[ %all we give h] an occupation t w support h] 9 a /ate ( society 9 :i* wom5 sc>cely e>n :]e) n to die8 ,if %e has no d[ry1 h[ c %e m>ry 9 ?is _w 9 :i* woman1 nev] repres5t+ any?+ b a passive be+1 is =c$ to buy a husb&8444 ,f ?is db1 & 9 ?is *ild's cradle1 we h f\nd & caught a glimpse ( all ! *a9s t await wom53 insuffici5cy ( education = ! ri* girl2 insuffici5cy ( wages = ! poor girl2 exclusion f ! great] "p ( ! pr(essions2 subord9ation 9 ! conjugal abode4 ,9 ! second *apt]1 ! au?or %[s by :at gradations ! daught]1 depriv$ ( ! "r ( inh]itance1 has come 9 our times to %>e equally ) h] bro!rs2 !n1 pass+ to ! "r ( education1 he answ]s ^? :o pret5d t to give a solid education to woman w\ld be to corrupt h] & to injure ! family3 ,! div]sity ( _! nature 7man & woman7 be+ develop$ by ! id5tity ( _! /udies1 x may be said t wom5 w\ld become s mu* ! m fully wom5 9 proportion z !y receiv$ a mascul9e education4 ,well6 x is 9 ! "n ( ! family1 9 ! "n ( ! salvation ( ! family1 9 ! "n ( mat]nity1 ( m>riage1 ( ! h\sehold1 t a solid & e>ne/ education mu/ be dem&$ = girls4444 ,)\t k1 no "m is completely a "m1 )\t k no wife is truly a wife4 ,! "q is n1 9 reveal+ to ! fem99e intellect ! laws ( nature1 to make all our girls a/ronom]s or physicians2 d we see all m5 become ,lat9i/s by sp5d+ t5 ye>s ( _! life 9 ! /udy ( ,lat98 ,! "q is to /r5g!n _! m9ds by acqua9tance ) sci5ce2 & to prep>e !m to p>ticipate 9 all ! ?\ghts ( _! husb&s1 all ! /udies ( _! *ildr54444 ,ignorance leads to a ?\s& faults1 a ?\s& errors 9 ! wife4 ,! husb& :o sc(fs at sci5ce might h be5 sav$ by x f di%onor4 ,insi/+ ^u ! rights ( woman1 ! au?or adds3 ,z su* 7! "w ( ,god7 %e has ! "r to ! mo/ complete developm5t ( h] m9d & he>t4 ,away !n ) ^! va9 objections1 drawn f ! laws ( a day6 ,x is 9 ! "n ( et]nity t y owe h] enlight5m5t4 ,fur!r on1 he exclaims indignantly3 ,:at6 ! /ate ma9ta9s a univ]sity = m51 a polyte*nic s*ool = m51 academies ( art & trades = m51 agricultural s*ools = m5--& = woman1 :at has x e/abli%$8 ,prim>y s*ools6 ,& ev5 ^! 7 n f\nd$ by ! ,/ate1 b by ! ,commune4 ,no inequality c\ld be m humiliat+4 ,!re are c\rts & prisons = wom51 !re %\ld be public education = wom52 y h n ! "r to puni% ^? :om y d n in/ruct6 ,m4 ,leg\v dem&s1 9 consequ5ce1 public education = girls 9 a!nums1 :i*1 by ?or\gh in/ruction ) respect to ,france1 h] laws1 h] annals1 & h] poetry1 %all make h] wom5 ,fr5* wom5 9 tru?4 ,! c\ntry alone c tea* love ( c\ntry4 ,anci5t religions & sy/ems ( legislation puni%$ misdemeanors & crimes aga9/ ! purity ( wom5 sev]ely 7says ,m4 ,leg\v 9 8 f\r? *apt]74 ,our code1 pr(\ndly immoral1 does n puni% s$uction1 & puni%es corruption only d]isively1 & violation insuffici5tly4 ,to decl>e void ! promise ( m>riage is fe>ful immorality2 to p]mit no inve/igation ( pat]nity & to admit t ( mat]nity1 is z cruel z x is immoral4 ,if ! solicitude ( ! legislator = prop]ty be comp>$ ) 8 solicitude = purity1 we %all soon see h[ little ! law c>es = ! latt]4 ,! law recognizes z crim9al only a s+le k9d ( robb]y ( honor1 violation1 b x def9es1 pursues & puni%es two k9ds ( robb]y ( money1 l>c5y & fraud2 !re are ?ieves ( co91 !re are no %>p]s 9 *a/ity4 ,:5 a man has s$uc$ a girl fifte5 ye>s old "u promise ( m>riage1 he has a "r to come be=e a magi/rate & say3 ,?is is my signature1 x is true2 b ,i refuse to ackn[l$ge x2 a debt ( love is void 9 law4 ,! indignant au?or exclaims1 fur!r on3 ,?us1 !re=e1 on e side1 9 practice & 9 !ory1 9 ! _w & 9 ! law1 = ! ri* z = ! poor1 we see ab&onm5t ( public purity1 & a loose re9 to all ungov]n$ or deprav$ desires4444 ,manufactur]s s$uce _! workwom51 =em5 ( work%ops dis*>ge "y girls :o w n yield to !m1 ma/]s corrupt _! s]vant maids4 ,( #ejhc lo/ wom51 enum]at$ by ! grave ,p>5t-,du*telet at ,p>is 9 #ahcj1 #bhe 7 s]vants1 s$uc$ by _! ma/]s1 & disc>d$4 ,cl]ks1 m]*ants1 (fic]s1 /ud5ts deprave poor c\ntry girls & br+ !m to ,p>is1 :]e !y ab&on !m1 & pro/itution ga!rs !m up4444 ,at ,rheims1 at ,lille1 9 all ! great c5tres ( indu/ry1 are f\nd organiz$ companies = ! recruital ( ! h\ses ( debau*]y ( ,p>is4 ,) ! indignation ( an upright man1 ,m4 ,leg\v adds3 ,puni% ! guilty woman if y w1 b puni% also ! man6 ,%e is already puni%$2 puni%$ by ab&onm5t1 puni%$ by di%onor1 puni%$ by remorse1 puni%$ by n9e mon?s ( suff]+1 puni%$ by ! burd5 ( re>+ a *ild3 let him !n be smitt5 9 turn2 or else1 x is n public dec5cy t y are protect+1 z y say1 x is mascul9e sov]eignty1 9 its vile/ =m3 seigniorial "r6 ,impunity assur$ to m5 d\bles ! numb] ( illegitimate *ildr54 ,impunity fo/]s lib]t9ism2 lib]t9ism en]vates ! race1 wa/es =tunes & blights (fspr+4 ,impunity fo/]s pro/itution2 pro/itution de/roys ! public heal?1 & makes a pr(ession ( idl5ess & lic5se4 ,impunity1 9 %ort1 surr5d]s half ! human race z a prey to ! vices ( ! o!r half3 behold its condemnation 9 a s+le ^w4 ,9 ! fif? *apt]1 ! au?or f9d+1 ) reason1 t girls are m>ri$ too "y1 desires t !y %\ld n ent] ^u family duties until tw5ty-two ye>s old2 works ( *>ity1 solid /udies1 innoc5t pleasures1 & ! ideal ( pure love w suffice to keep !m pure till ?is age4 ,if ! "y maid5 le>ns t no?+ is m fatal to ?is div9e s5tim5t 7love7 ?an ! ephem]al fancies :i* d>e call !mselves by its "n2 if %e p]ceives 9 x "o ( ^? r>e treasures :i* we w9 only by conqu]+ !m1 :i* we keep only by des]v+ !m2 if %e kn[s t ! he>t :i* w\ld be wor?y to receive x mu/ be purifi$ l a sanctu>y & enl>g$ l a temple2 !n be sure t ?is sublime ideal1 engrav5 )9 h]1 w disgu/ h]1 by its beauty alone1 ) ! va9 images t pr(ane or p>ody x2 idols are n wor%ipp$ :5 ,god is kn[n4 ,:at is m>riage8 asks ,m4 ,leg\v4 ,! union ( two free be+s1 =m+ an alliance 9 ord] to p]fect !mselves ?r\gh love4 ,nei!r antiquity nor ! ,middle ,age consid]$ x 9 ?is light4 ,! fa!r1 9 anci5t times1 transmitt$ to ! husb& 8 "r ( prop]ty 9 8 daught] 9 consid]ation ( a c]ta9 sum4 ,at ,a!ns1 ! daught]1 ev5 :5 m>ri$1 =m$ "p ( ! pat]nal inh]itance1 & 0 b\nd to leave h] husb& to esp\se ! heir4 ,at ,rome1 ! fa!r1 aft] hav+ giv5 8 daught] 9 m>riage1 _h ! p[] to take h] back & to esp\se h] to ano!r4 ,among ! b>b>ians1 %e belong$ to him :o paid ! mundium to h] fa!r4 ,"u ! feudal sy/em1 ! law dispos$ also ( ! daught] )\t h] cons5t4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution emancipat$ h] 9 ?is respect2 %e is requir$ n[ to cons5t to h] m>riage2 b ! cu/oms ( ! age take f h] ! b5efit ( ?is emancipation2 %e is m>ri$ too "y to "k :at %e is do+1 & int]e/ almo/ always det]m9es h] p>5ts to give h] 9 m>riage4 ,= woman to pr(it by h] legal emancipation1 %e %\ld be at lea/ tw5ty-two ye>s old :5 %e m>ries2 %e %\ld make h] *oice freely2 & h] relatives %\ld cont5t !mselves ) keep+ h] ap>t f ^? :om %e ought n to *oose1 & %\ld only enlight5 & c\nsel h]2 = on ! love betwe5 ! m>ri$ c\ple dep5ds ! happ9ess & virtue ( ! wife4 ,exam9+ next ! orig9 ( ! d[]1 ! transf]ral ( ! d[ry1 ! betro?al & ! m>riage1 he %[s ! mundium paid at fir/ to ! fa!r or ! bro!r2 !n lat]1 to ! maid51 becom+1 ) ! re/ ( ! nuptial gifts1 ! orig9 ( ! d[]1 :i* he wi%es to see made obligatory 9 mod]n times4 ,pass+ to ! d[ry1 he proves t1 becom+ by degrees a cu/om among ! ,romans1 x 0 at fir/ ! prop]ty ( ! husb&2 !n1 z ! _w progress$1 x became ! prop]ty ( ! wife4 ,our code fully protects ! d[ry2 b ! law %\ld oblige weal?y p>5ts to end[ _! daught]s s t !y c m>ry4 ,9 old5 times1 a maid5 0 betro!d by pl$ges ex*ang$ by ! fa!r & ! man :o ask$ h] 9 m>riage2 at a lat] date ! pl$ge 0 giv5 to ! maid5 in/ead ( ! fa!r1 & ! law int]v5$ to r5d] obligatory promises ( m>riage4 ,at ! pres5t day1 9 ,france1 !re are no long] betro!d1 b future sp\ses4 ,9 8 second book1 ! au?or di/+ui%es ! belov$ "o f ! mi/ress1 ! adoration ( pure f t ( s5sual love2 ! fir/ produces goodness1 patriotism1 & respect = woman2 ! second reg>ds h] only z an object ( pleasure & ( disda94 ,antiquity _h no k ( pure love2 ! ,middle ,age1 :i* compreh5d$ x1 0 divid$ equally betwe5 x & s5sual love2 to-day1 we h le>n$ to compreh5d t ! two loves %\ld be unit$2 t ! belov$ & ! mi/ress %\ld make "o 9 ! p]son ( ! wife4 ,! ?ird book1 ,! ,wife1 is divid$ into sev5 *apt]s4 ,! subord9ation ( woman 9 m>riage1 ) contempt = ! "m1 arose f two errone\s ideas3 ! inf]iority ( h] nature2 h] passivity 9 ! reproduction ( ! species1 9 :i* %e p]=m$ ! "p ( ! e>? ) respect to ! reception ( g]ms4 ,mod]n sci5ce has de/roy$ ^! bases ( inf]iority by demon/rat+3 #a/1 t ! human g]m1 be=e tak+ its def9itive =m1 passes1 9 ! bosom ( its "m1 ?r\gh progressive degrees ( animal life2 #b;d1 t 9 all species1 bo? animal & vegetable1 ! females are ! cons]v]s ( ! race1 :i* !y br+ to _! own type4 ,among ! ,romans1 two =ms ( m>riage plac$ ! wife1 s\l1 body & e/ate1 9 ! h&s ( h] husb&2 9 a ?ird =m1 :i* left h] 9 h] fa!r's family1 %e receiv$ a d[ry1 inh]it$1 & adm9i/]$ h] prop]ty4 ,b>b>ism & feudality made ! wife a w>d1 ! husb& an adm9i/rator1 & a /ep 0 tak5 t[>ds ! equality ( ! sp\ses by ! in/itution ( acquts1 or prop]ty belong+ to bo?1 ?\gh obta9$ by b "o4 ,to-day1 ! maid5 is m>ri$ sometimes "u ! dotal sy/em1 occasionally "u t ( ! sep>ation ( prop]ty1 & *iefly "u t ( communion ( goods4 ,?is la/1 :i* is ! rule1 p]mits ! husb& to dispose ( ! prop]ty ( 8 p>tn]1 to sell ! h\sehold furniture1 to take possession ( ! v jewels ( 8 wife to adorn 8 mi/ress4 ,?us1 ?is law respects no dignity1 no delicacy1 no?+ :atev]1 says ,m4 ,leg\v4 ,! omnipot5ce ( ! husb& is a crime ( ! law 9 e po9t ( view2 x is 9 manife/ violation ( ! mod]n pr9ciple1 :i* exacts t all au?ority %all be limit$ & plac$ "u surveillance4 ,to surr5d] to ! husb& ! =tune ( ! wife is to condemn h] to an et]nal moral m9ority1 to create him absolute ma/] ( ! actions & almo/ ( ! s\l ( 8 companion4 ,! au?or next addresses himself to ^? :o pret5d to ju/ify m>ital omnipot5ce by ! incapacity ( woman3 ,9 va9 d facts prote/ aga9/ ?is alleg$ incapacity2 9 va9 does reality say3 ,to :om is ! prosp]ity ( mo/ ( our comm]cial h\ses due8 ,to wom54 ,:o e/abli%1 :o sup]9t5d ! ?\s&s ( e/abli%m5ts ( mill9]y & objects ( ta/e8 ,wom54 ,by :om are ! bo>d+-s*ools1 ! f>ms1 (t5 ev51 ! manufactories1 su/a9$8 ,by wom54 ,x matt]s n1 ! ,code d5ies to ! wife ! =esight to pres]ve1 ! judgm5t to adm9i/]1 ev5 ! mat]nal t5d]ness to economize1 & ! m>riage c]tificate becomes ! expression ( ?is disda9ful phrase3 ! mo/ reasonable woman nev] atta9s ! good s5se ( a boy f\rte5 ye>s ( age4 ,h[ %all we set to "w to rem$y ?is iniquit\s & %ameful /ate ( affairs8 ,! prop]ty ( ! p>tn]s %\ld be divid$ into ?ree %>es3 "o = ! wife1 to be plac$ at h] disposal five ye>s aft] m>riage1 "o = ! husb&1 & a ?ird common to bo?1 to be adm9i/]$ by ! husb& "u ! direction ( a family c\ncil1 :i* c\ncil1 9 case ( incapacity or wa/e1 %all h ! "r provisionally to take away ! managem5t f him1 to entru/ x to 8 wife4 ,if any?+ is iniquit\s & revolt+1 x is ! p[] ( ! husb& ov] ! p]son & ! actions ( 8 wife2 ! "r ov] h] ( correction1 /ill tol]at$ 9 our days4 ,!re mu/ be a direct+ p[] 9 ! h\sehold2 ! husb& mu/ be ! deposit>y ( ?is p[]1 :i* %\ld be limit$1 & controll$ by ! family c\ncil4 ,legal omnipot5ce demoralizes ! husb&1 :o believes 9 ! end 9 ! lawfulness ( 8 despotism4 ,x is said t cu/om e/abli%es precisely ! contr>y ( :at ! laws prescribe3 ?is is g5]ally true1 b x is at ! exp5se ( ! moral "* ( ! wife1 ?us =c$ to h rec\rse to artifice4 ,re/ore lib]ty to wom51 s9ce lib]ty is tru?6 exclaims ,leg\v4 ,?is w be1 at ! same "t1 to affran*ise man4 ,s]vitude always creates two slaves3 he :o holds ! *a9 & he :o we>s x4 ,antiquity1 ! ,middle ,age1 & ! c5turies ne>] our own1 puni%$ ! adult]y ( ! wife sev]ely1 ev5 cruelly1 yet did n admit t a man c\ld become guilty ( ?is (f5ce ) respect to 8 sp\se4 ,our pres5t code ackn[l$ges1 inde$1 t ! husb& c commit adult]y1 b only 9 case he ma9ta9s 8 mi/ress "u ! conjugal ro(2 ! wife is an adult]ess ev]y:]e1 & is puni%$ sev]ely2 z to ! husb&1 8 puni%m5t is a f>ce4 ,su* impunity1 says ,m4 ,leg\v1 is n only injuri\s to ord]1 x is an insult to public morals1 x is a lesson ( debau*]y1 giv5 by ! law itself4 ,if1 by adult]y1 ! wife w\nds ! he>t ( an honorable man1 introduces false heirs into ! family1 %e at lea/ c ab/ract no?+ f ! common =tune2 :ile ! husb&1 9 ! same case1 c ru9 ! family1 :ile increas+ ! numb] ( natural *ildr5 & provok+ 8 wife to wrong by 8 neglect & brutality4 ,! husb&1 besides1 is m crim9al ?an ! wife1 = he seeks adult]y1 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 x comes to ! wife "u a ?\s& attractive =ms4 ,not)/&+1 ! adult]y ( ! woman des]ves great] puni%m5t ?an t ( ! man4444 ,ah6 ,m4 ,leg\v1 is ?is logic8 ,! ,ori5tal wife 0 & is /ill1 a slave1 a g5]atrix2 ! ,roman wife 0 some?+ m ?an ?is2 ! wife ( ! ,middle ,age ow$ h] body to h] husb&1 b ! ,c\rts ( ,love _h decid$ t h] affections c\ld1 nay1 %\ld belong to ano!r4 ,to-day1 ! ideal ( m>riage is enl>g$2 we compreh5d t x is ! fusion ( two s\ls1 a s*ool = mutual p]fection1 & t ! two sp\ses %\ld belong :olly to ea* o!r4 ,we h be5 l$ to ?is new ideal ( ! conjugal union by ! civiliz+ /ruggles ( ! *ur* aga9/ divorce & repudiation4 ,9 its nature1 m>riage is indissoluble1 b 9 ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* ! ideal is b v exceptionally realiz$1 ! legislator has deem$ x "r to r5d] possible ! sep>ation ( ! sp\ses3 ?is measure is immoral & un=tunate bo? = ! p>tn]s & = _! *ildr54 ,! only rem$y = family difficulties is divorce1 a "q ) :i* ! *ur* has no?+ to d4 ,! :ole ( ! la/ *apt] ( ! ?ird book is a condemnation ( fickl5ess 9 love1 & an affirmation ( ! indissolubility ( m>riage & ( ! sanctity ( ! conjugal tie4 ,! f\r? book1 ,! ,"m1 comprises six *apt]s4 ,until a late day1 x 0 believ$ t woman 0 only ! soil 9 :i* man1 ! creator ( ! species1 deposit$ ! human g]m4 ,mod]n sci5ce has ov]?r[n ?is false doctr9e1 & elevat$ woman by demon/rat+ ^! ?ree inconte/able facts3 #a/1 t1 dat+ f ! mom5t ( conception1 ! human g]m passes ?r\gh successive degrees ( animal life until x acquires its prop] =m2 #b;d1 t ! female sex is ! cons]v] ( ! race1 s9ce x always br+s !m to its own type1 z well 9 ! human z 9 ! animal & vegetable species2 #c;d1 t woman is physiologically ( a nature sup]ior to man1 s9ce x is n[ demon/rat$ t ! high] ! respiratory app>atus is plac$ 9 ! organism1 ! m elevat$ is ! species 9 ! scale ( be+s2 & t woman brea!s f ! upp]1 & man f ! l[] "p ( ! lungs4 ,mat]nity does n give to wom5 rights ov] _! *ildr51 b contributes1 not)/&+1 to _! emancipation2 ?us1 9 ,india1 a woman :o _h borne sons c\ld n be repudiat$1 & at ,rome1 a woman em]g$ f tutelage at mat]nity4 ,x is iniquit\s to give ! pat]nal au?ority to ! fa!r alone2 ! "m %\ld h an equal "r ) him ov] h] *ildr54 ,supremacy ( direction belongs inde$ to ! fa!r1 b ?is direction %\ld be limit$ & sup]9t5d$ by a family c\ncil1 & transf]r$ to ! "m 9 case ( ! unwor?9ess ( h] sp\se4 ,! education ( ! *ildr5 belongs ( "r to ! "m1 because %e und]/&s !m be/1 & because x is necess>y t %e %\ld acquire t entire influ5ce ov] h] sons :i* %e w ne$ aft]w>ds to c\nsel & to console !m4 ,public education is n fit = boys until !y h atta9$ _! twelf? ye>2 y\ng]1 x is injuri\s 9 its results to _! "*4 ,! au?or dem&s t ! mat]nal gr&-p>5ts %all n be made inf]ior 9 gu>dian%ip1 z is ! case n[ 9 ! law2 & he consid]s x z sacrilege n to give to ! "m an equal "r ) respect to cons5t to ! m>riage ( _! *ildr54 ,legitimate mat]nity is happ9ess to ! ri* woman2 want1 (t5 grief1 to ! poor woman4 ,illegitimate mat]nity is to wom5 ( all ranks a s\rce ( sorr[1 %ame & crime4 ,to ! ri* girl x is di%onor1 an et]nal b> to m>riage2 to ! poor girl x is pov]ty1 %ame if %e keeps h] *ild2 crime1 if %e de/roys x4 ,yet ! law d>es grant impunity to ! corrupt]1 to ! s$uc]1 to ! man :o has n hesitat$ to sacrifice to a mom5t ( passion ! :ole future ( a woman1 ! :ole future ( a *ild6 ,! ,/ate ought to come to ! aid ( all poor mo!rs1 because x is = its int]e/ t ! race %\ld be /rong & vigor\s1 & because mo!rs are ! pres]v]s ( ! race4 ,let ! g5ius ( wom5 be set to "w2 let infant s*ools & infant asylums be f\nd$ 9 e qu>t] ( ,france4 ,! ,h9doo wid[ 0 burn$2 ! ,jewi% wid[ 0 b\nd to re-m>ry c]ta9 m5 designat$ by ! law2 ! ,grecian & ! ,go?ic wid[ pass$ "u ! gu>dian%ip ( h] son1 & ! latt] c\ld n ev5 re-m>ry )\t 8 p]mission2 ! ,*ri/ian wid[ 0 condemn$ to seclusion2 none ( ^! wom5 _h any rights ov] _! *ildr54 ,! ,fr5* code re/ores full lib]ty to ! wid[1 r5d]s to h] ! "r ( majority1 appo9ts h] ! gu>dian & directress ( h] *ildr52 x is a prelim9>y /ep to lib]ty 9 m>riage4 ,! fif? book1 ,woman1 is divid$ into five *apt]s4 ,all antiquity oppress$ woman1 al?\gh x recogniz$ 9 h] some?+ sup]ior1 & made h] a prie/ess or a prophetess4 ,! ,*ri/ian woman ( ! e>ly ages1 :o alone c\ld de?rone ! ,pagan woman1 n only endur$ m>tyrdom z c\rage\sly z man1 b 0 di/+ui%$ = h] great *>ity1 = ! purity & lucidity ( doctr9e :i* r5d]$ h] ! c\nsellor ( le>n$ m54 ,we d n "k1 9 reality1 to :at heights woman c atta92 we _c judge h] by :at %e is to-day1 s9ce %e is ! "w ( ! et]nal oppression ( man4 ,:o c say :e!r _m ( ! ills t r5d society1 & ( ! insoluble problems t tr\ble x1 may n be caus$ 9 "p by ! annihilation ( "o ( ! two =ces ( creation1 ! ban plac$ on female g5ius8 ,h we a "r to say to half ! human k9d3 y %all n h y\r %>e 9 life & 9 ! /ate8 ,is x n to d5y to !m 7to wom57 _! title ( human be+s8 ,is x n to dis9h]it ! /ate itself8 ,yes1 woman %\ld h h] place 9 civil life1 concludes ,leg\v4 ,woman & man are equal1 b diff]5t4 ,to man1 belong syn!sis1 sup]iority 9 all t dem&s compreh5sive views1 g5ius1 muscul> =ce2 to woman1 belong ! _s ( analysis1 ! compreh5sion ( details1 imag9ation1 t5d]ness1 grace4 ,man has m /r5g? ( reason & body1 woman m /r5g? ( he>t1 ) a m>vel\s p]spicacity to :i* man w nev] atta94 ,! division ?us fix$1 :at ought woman to d8 ,9 ! family1 ! task ( ! wife is ! managem5t ( dome/ic affairs1 ! education ( ! *ildr51 & ! com=t ( ! husb&1 ( :om %e %\ld be ! inspiration4 ,by ! side ( ! em95t man1 yet 9 ! %ade1 !re is always a woman2 ?is c>e] ( hidd5 utility & ( mode/ devotion is ! "o be/ suit$ to woman4 ,9 civil life !re are sev]al fields ( occupation :i* !y may ent] ) success3 art1 lit]ature1 in/ruction1 adm9i/ration1 m$ic9e4 ,mode/y itself dem&s t we %\ld call 9 wom5 z physicians1 n to m51 b to wom52 = x is an abid+ outrage ^u all purity t _! ignorance %\ld =cibly expose to mascul9e curiosity ! suff]+s ( _! si/]s4444 ,n]v\s diseases1 especially1 w\ld f9d 9 fem99e g5ius ! only adv]s>y able to und]/& & combat !m4 ,! au?or says t x is ! duty ( society to see t poor wom5 d n "w = "o-?ird or "o-f\r? ! wages ( m52 & t1 9 manufactures1 !y h n ! mo/ dang]\s & lea/ remun]ative labors4 ,p>5t-,du*telet1 says he1 atte/s t ( ?ree ?\s& lo/ wom51 only ?irty-five _h an occupation t c\ld support !m1 & t f\rte5 hundr$ _h be5 precipitat$ into ?is horrible life by de/itution4 ,"o ( !m1 :5 %e resolv$ on ?is c\rse1 _h eat5 no?+ = ?ree days4 ,m4 ,leg\v ?9ks x %ameful t m5 %\ld ent] into competition ) wom5 9 ! manufacture ( articles ( dress & ta/e4 ,9 ! fif? & la/ *apt]1 ! au?or recognizes ! rem>kable capacity ( wom5 9 adm9i/ration1 ( :i* he cites num]\s examples4 ,he dem&s t !y %\ld h ! sup]9t5d5ce ( prisons = wom51 hospitals1 *>itable in/itutions1 ! legal gu>dian%ip ( f\ndl+s1 ! managem5t1 9 %ort1 ( all t conc]ns social *>ity1 because !y w acquit !mselves 9 x inf9itely bett] ?an m54 ,b he refuses to !m all p>ticipation 9 political acts & 9 all t conc]ns ! gov]nm5t1 because !y h no aptitude = ?+s ( ?is nature4 ,f9ally1 he concludes ?us3 ,our task is f9i%$2 we h exam9$ ! pr9cipal phases ( ! life ( wom51 9 ! "* ( daught]s1 wives1 mo!rs1 & wom51 comp>+ ! pres5t ) ! pa/1 & endeavor+ to indicate ! future2 t is1 by po9t+ out ! bad1 v]ify+ ! bett]1 seek+ ! be/4 ,:at pr9ciple has s]v$ u 9 ?is z a guide8 ,equality 9 diff]5ce4 ,9 ! "n ( ?is pr9ciple1 :at ameliorations h we dem&$ 9 ! laws & cu/oms8 ,= daught]s3 ,re=m 9 education4 ,laws aga9/ s$uction4 ,! po/ponem5t ( ! m>riageable age4 ,! actual p>ticipation ( ! betro!d p>ties 9 ! execution ( _! contract4 ,abolition ( ! =mal reque/ to ! fa!r ( cons5t to m>riage1 :i* is an insult to ! fa!r & an inju/ice to ! *ild4 ,= wives3 ,an age ( legal majority4 ,adm9i/ration1 & ! "r ( dispos+ ( a portion ( _! private prop]ty4 ,! "r to appe> 9 law )\t ! cons5t ( _! husb&s4 ,! limitation ( ! p[] ( ! husb& ov] ! p]son ( ! wife4 ,! creation ( a family c\ncil1 *>g$ ) controll+ ?is "p ( ! p[]4 ,= mo!rs3 ,! "r ( gov]nm5t4 ,! "r ( direction4 ,! "r ( education4 ,! "r ( cons5t to ! m>riage ( _! *ildr54 ,a law requir+ ! inve/igation ( pat]nity4 ,! creation ( a family c\ncil to decide on s]i\s disagreem5ts betwe5 fa!r & "m4 ,= wom53 ,admission to gu>dian%ip & ! family c\ncil4 ,admission to all pr(essions4 ,admission )9 ! b\nds ( _! capabilities & duties to public (fices4 ,x is evid5t t ,leg\v has b "o end1 t ( advanc+ ! emancipation ( wom5 a s+le /ep2 he does n dem& all t he believes j1 b all t seems to him mature & possible4 ,we %\ld ?ank him = 8 prud5ce3 he has br\ght ov] _m m5 to our cause1 & has prep>$ !m to he> ! voice ( woman1 speak+ l\dly & firmly by h] "r z a wife & a human be+1 z a work] & a memb] ( ! social body4 ,by ! side ( ,leg\v1 outside ! social s*ools1 are a phalanx ( j & g5]\s m5 :o h writt5 9 our favor4 ,we ?ank !m all = _! good words4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,de ,,gir>d94 ,on page #db ( 8 pamphlet1 ,lib]ty 9 ,m>riage1 ,de ,gir>d9 says1 ) great reason3 ,man is born ( woman4 ,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 t b5efits woman w b5efit man4 ,to fight & conqu] = h] is to fight & conqu] = himself4 ,inspir$ by ^! excell5t s5tim5ts1 ! celebrat$ publici/ has inve/igat$ ! causes ( ! slav]y & degradation ( woman1 & ! means ( p>alyz+ !m4 ,e *ild has = its fa!r ! husb& ( its "m3 ?is1 accord+ to ,m4 de ,gir>d91 is ! pr9ciple ( two great wrongs3 ! s]vitude ( ! m>ri$ woman2 ! inequality ( *ildr5 be=e ! law1 :i* classes !m z legitimate & illegitimate4 ,t *ildr5 may become equal1 t woman may be affran*is$ f ! yoke ( man1 x is necess>y1 says ! au?or1 to sub/itute ! sy/em ( mat]nity = t ( pat]nity2 to modify ,m>riage1 & to r5d] woman indep5d5t ?r\gh ! in/itution & univ]saliz+ ( ! d[]4 ,we w let ,m4 de ,gir>d9 exp\nd ! re/ ( 8 doctr9e himself4 ,we mu/ *oose1 says he1 betwe5 ^! two sy/ems3 ,betwe5 ! sy/em ( presum$ pat]nity1 :i* is ! sy/em ( ! law1 & ! sy/em ( mat]nity1 be>+ its pro( )9 itself1 :i* is ! sy/em ( ,nature2 ! latt] is 9 con=mity ) inconte/able tru?1 ! =m] is condemn$ by undisput$ /ati/ics4 ,! sy/em ( pat]nity is inequality ( *ildr5 be=e ! "m & be=e ! law2 x is woman possess$ & n possess+2 444 x is no long] ! legal slav]y ( woman1 b is /ill conjugal s]vitude4--,lib]ty 9 ,m>riage4 ,)\t equality ( *ildr5 be=e ! "m1 equality ( citiz5s be=e ! law is only an impo/ure1 = evid5tly & inconte/ably1 ?is equality does n exi/ = #b1hjj1jjj *ildr51 :o1 arbitr>ily entitl$ illegitimate1 are plac$ outside ( common "r 9 violation ( natural law4--,id4 ,accord+ to ,de ,gir>d91 ! logical consequ5ces ( ! sy/em ( mat]nity w\ld be3 ,! abolition ( civil m>riage2 ,! "m's "n alone giv5 to ! *ild2 ,! inh]itance plac$ solely 9 ! mat]nal l9e4 ,m>riage1 says he1 is a purely individual act1 &1 z reg>ds its celebration1 a purely religi\s act4-- ,m>riage is an act ( fai?1 n ( law3 x is = fai? to gov]n x1 n = law to make rules = x4 ,z soon z ! law int]v5es1 x int]v5es )\t "r1 )\t necessity1 )\t utility4 ,= "o abuse t x pret5ds to av]t1 x gives rise to innum]able o!rs :i* are worse1 & f :i* society aft]w>ds suff]s s]i\sly1 )\t tak+ into acc\nt ! cause t produc$ !m4 ,legal lib]ty 9 m>riage is durable love 9 ! h\sehold2 indissolubility ( m>riage is habitual love outside ( ! h\sehold4--,id4 ,) respect to inh]itance & d[ry1 ! au?or expresses himself ?us3 ,to inh]it at ! dea? ( ! "m1 because mat]nity & c]titude are two equipoll5t t]ms1 & to receive a support f ! fa!r1 because pat]nity & d\bt are two insep>able t]ms2 su* is ! true law ( ,nature4--,id4 ,9 ,de ,gir>d9's op9ion1 woman has ! same rights z man to lib]ty & equality2 ! sexes are equal1 n ?r\gh similitude b equival5ce ( faculties & functions2 man produces1 acquires1 woman adm9i/]s1 economizes2 x belongs !re=e to man to provide = ! exp5ses ( ! h\sehold4 ,x is 8 duty1 on unit+ himself to a woman1 to settle on h] an inali5able d[] t w p]mit h] to p]=m h] mat]nal functions prop]ly1 & to escape f ! vices t frequ5tly result f want & ab&onm5t4 ,to ! objection t ! wages ( ! work+ p are insuffici5t to satisfy ?is duty1 ! g5]\s publici/ replies3 ,well1 raise ! rate ( wages by exclud+ f indu/rial occupations ! wom5 & *ildr5 t l[] x by competition ) m54 ,& if ?is measure be n suffici5t to balance receipts & exp5ses1 increase ! wages1 = !re is no consid]ation weighty en\gh to make me admit t1 9 ord] n to dim9i% ! pr(its ( "s m51 o!rs %all be et]nally condemn$ to insuffici5t wages2 & t to %elt] "s wom5 f violation1 o!rs %all be necess>ily devot$ to pro/itution4--,id4 ,9 comp>+ ! lot ( ! wife "u ! two sy/ems1 ,de ,gir>d9 expresses himself ?us3 ,"u ! sy/em ( pat]nity1 ! wife1 load$ ) ! gifts ( =tune1 s9ks "u ! weight ( an idl5ess :i* mo/ frequ5tly inflames & disord]s h] imag9ation4 ,%e does n "k :at to d to employ h] "t4 ,woman does no?+ because man does ev]y?+4 ,! wife :o has br\ght no d[ry & receiv$ no d[]1 s9ks "u ! weight ( a toil contr>y to nature :i* obliges h]1 ?r\gh economy1 to sep>ate h]self f h] *ild a few days aft] giv+ x bir?1 & to put x away f h] to nurse1 = ! consid]ation ( five or six francs a mon?2 to g to "w 9 "o direction :ile h] husb& works 9 ! o!r1 & n to rejo9 him till ev5+1 :5 ea* returns f ! work%op :i* has kept !m abs5t f _! h\sehold all day3 if ?is is :at is call$ ! family1 is x inde$ wor? all ! /ir t is made ab\t x8 ,"u ! sy/em ( mat]nity1 on ! contr>y1 ! ri*] a woman is1 ! fur!r %e is remov$ f idl5ess2 = n only has %e h] *ildr5 to nurse1 to re>1 to in/ruct1 & to wat* ov]1 b %e has also to adm9i/] h] =tune :i* w "o day be !irs4 ,to pres]ve ?is =tune1 to increase x /ill m3 "h is :]e) to occupy h] leisure1 to calm h] imag9ation1 to place h] "u curb4 ,x is wrong to suppose wom5 n qualifi$ = ! managem5t ( bus9ess2 !y excel 9 x1 h[ev] little may h be5 _! practice or application4 ,long en\gh has man be5 ! p]sonification ( w>1 ( slav]y1 ( conque/2 x is ! turn ( woman to be ! p]sonification ( peace1 ( lib]ty1 ( civilization4 ,9 ?is new sy/em 7t ( mat]nity71 ea* ( ! two has 8 "p3 to man labor1 ! g5ius ( ent]prise2 to woman economy & ! _s ( =esight4 ,man speculates1 woman adm9i/]s2 ,man acquires1 woman pres]ves2 ,man br+s 91 woman transmits2 ,! d[ry rema9s ! attribute ( ! fa!r1 ! inh]itance becomes ! privilege ( ! "m2 ,ea* ( ! two ?us ex]cises ! function t is natural to him1 & 9 con=mity ) ! ess5ce ( ?+s4--,id4 ,a numb] ( wom5 h ask$ :e!r ,de ,gir>d9 recognizes political "r = wom54 ,he says no?+ ab\t x1 ei!r 9 8 "w ,lib]ty 9 ,m>riage1 or 9 8 ,univ]sal ,politics4 ,b :5 a man writes t3 ,woman1 belong+ to h]self1 & be+ dep5d5t only on h] reason1 has ! same rights z man to lib]ty & equality4 ,t univ]sal suffrage %\ld be individual & direct4 ,t e hold] ( a g5]al insurance has a "r to be a p>ty to x4 ,x is evid5t t we may d$uce1 )\t any great /ret* ( logic1 t1 woman be+ free & equal to man1 ,woman be+ compris$ 9 univ]sality1 ,woman hold+1 l man1 h] policy ( insurance1 has a "r1 l man1 to be elector1 to be eligible to (fice1 & to vote individually & directly4 ,n[1 z ,m4 de ,gir>d9 is n "o ( ^? :o recoil f ! consequ5ces ( _! pr9ciples1 we are l$ to believe t he admits to woman ! ex]cise ( political "r = woman4 ,i h be5 told t1 9 #ahdh1 "o ( ^? pitiable individuals :o h nei!r intellect en\gh to be logical1 nor ju/ice en\gh to compreh5d ! oppress$1 0 h>angu+ be=e ,m4 de ,gir>d9 aga9/ ! claims ( c]ta9 wom5 to ent] political life4 ,:y n8 ask$ ,m4 de ,gir>d94 ,d y believe t ,madame de ,gir>d9 w\ld deposit a less intellig5t vote 9 ! electoral urn ?an t ( h] footman8 ,if ?is anecdote be true1 ! op9ion ( ! publici/ conc]n+ ! political "r ( woman is n d\btful4 ,la lib]t dans le m>iage has rais$ a tempe/ ( indignation1 to a great] or less degree feign$1 among ! prudes2 & = "s "t x requir$ c\rage op5ly to proclaim "o's self ! 7fem99e7 *ampion ( ! au?or4 ,aboli% m>riage6 cry "s1 veil+ _! faces ) an air ( (f5d$ mode/y4 ,make a speculation ( love6 exclaim o!rs :o1 app>5tly1 h pres]v$ _! holy innoc5ce & baptismal ignorance4 ,come1 ladies1 we might say1--a truce to conv5tional delicacy & s5tim5tality4 ,let m5 suff] !mselves to be deceiv$ by our mask1 no?+ is m natural2 b :at is ! use ( play+ ! f>ce among wom58 ,m4 de ,gir>d9 does n really suppress m>riage2 he *anges x 9 "s respects1 b leaves x intact 9 a religi\s po9t ( view4 ,if 8 sy/em %\ld be adopt$1 !re=e1 y might be m>ri$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! cl]gym5 ( y\r respective fai?s1 precisely z 0 done "s sev5ty ye>s ago1 & y w\ld h no few] scruples ?an y\r gr&mo!rs1 :o believ$ !mselves !n suffici5tly m>ri$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 suppress+ civil m>riage1 ! au?or does n int]dict su* & su* p>ticul> /ipulations2 if !re=e y hold 9 any degree to ! religion ( ! ,code1 x w be lawful = y to /ipulate 9 y\r not>ial contract3 #a4 ,t y w be submissive to y\r husb&s2 #b4 ,t y w p]mit !m to manage y\r =tune1 ev5 contr>y to y\r int]e/s & to ^? ( y\r *ildr52 #c4 ,t )\t au?ority f !m1 y w nei!r g to law1 nor und]take any?+1 nor sell any?+1 nor receive any?+1 nor give any?+ away2 #d4 ,t1 s long z !y %all live1 y r5\nce all au?ority ov] y\r *ildr52 t !y c1 if !y please1 take !m f y1 bani% y f !m1 h !m re>$ by :oev] !y *oose1 ev5 by _! mi/ress1 f9ally1 give !m 9 m>riage contr>y to y\r w2 #e4 ,t y recognise _! "r to c>ry else:]e _! love1 _! att5tions1 _! =tune & y\r own2 provid$ t ?is does n happ5 "u y\r ro(2 #f4 ,t1 la/ly1 y grant _! "r1 if1 ab&on$ by !m1 y atta* y\rself to ano!r1 to drag y be=e ! b>1 to di%onor y1 to imprison y ) ?ieves & pro/itutes2 t ev5 9 su* case y decl>e !m excusable 9 kill+ y4 ,yes1 ladies1 y might /ipulate all ?is1 = ,m4 de ,gir>d9 disputes no "o ! rights ( lack+ dignity & be+ imbecile2 ( :at !n d y compla98 ,y reproa* ,m4 de ,gir>d9 ) wi%+ to make a speculation ( love6 ,be good en\gh to tell me :at y call ! great] "p ( ! m>riages ( ! pres5t "t1 9 :i* m5 h ! he>tlessness to speculate ev5 on dea?6--9 :i* !y ask h[ mu* a "y girl has1 :at are h] expectations1 & h[ old are h] p>5ts4 ,answ]1 wom53 ,is x true t ! great majority ( s$uc$ wom5 are incapacitat$1 ?r\gh %ame & pov]ty1 f re>+ _! *ildr58 ,t :at y call a fir/ fault1 drives ! great] "p ( !m to make a traffic ( _! *>ms8 ,t ! great majority ( m5 =get1 aft] satisfy+ _! passion1 bo? ! woman :om !y h l$ a/ray1 & ! innoc5t creature t owes its life to !m8 ,is x true t ! horrible & cruel selfi%ness ( m5 & ! insane confid5ce ( wom5 produces annually a fe>ful numb] ( s call$ illegitimate *ildr51 ! great] "p ( :i* p ! prisons1 ! galleys1 & ! public bro!ls8 ,is x true1 la/ly1 t ?is same selfi%ness & ?is same confid5ce are ! cause ( ?\s&s ( human lives be+ crim9ally sacrific$8 ,& if all ?is %ame1 all ^! griefs1 all ^! crimes are true8 ,if !re are s _m wom5 s$uc$ & he>tbrok52 ,if !re are s _m *ildr5 ab&on$2 ,if !re are s _m infanticides2 ,if ! law does n protect ! woman deceiv$ & made a "m2 ,if ?is law does n compel ! s$uc] to any rep>ation2 ,if public op9ion leaves to ! victim all ! %ame2 ,:y d y reproa* a man = rem9d+ a "y girl t f love may proce$ mat]nity8 ,= tell+ h] t %e ought to provide 9 advance = ! *ild t may be born1 9 ord] t x may n be ca/ ^u public *>ity1 & t %e h]self may n risk fall+ into ^? s9ks ( impurity t are ! %ame & degradation ( our sex8 ,d y reproa* a man !n = tak+ our "p aga9/ ! selfi% & animal passions ( 8 sex1 & aga9/ ! impunity accord$ !m by ! laws8 ,d y reproa* him = tak+ 9 h& ! cause ( morals & heal?1 9 opposition to ! degradation ( s\l & body8 ,a "y girl /ipulate ! sale ( h] p]son6 say y8 :at ess5tial diff]5ce d y f9d betwe5 ?is k9d ( contract1 & ^? t are made to-day be=e ! not>y on ! occasion ( a m>riage8 ,did n mo/ among y1 ladies1 pur*ase y\r husb&s ) s mu* d[ry1 s mu* income1 s mu* expectations8 ,& if ^! husb&s ( y\rs did n ?9k x %ameful to be sold1 & if y d n e/eem !m less = x1 be good en\gh to tell me f :at pr9ciple y judge x %ameful = a "y girl to d ! same 9 ord] to re> h] *ildr51 & to live )\t pro/itut+ h]self8 ,= my "p1 ,i d n see4 ,ladies1 y are gr[n-up *ildr53 m5 feign to h contempt = ! woman :o ?9ks ( h] int]e/s 9 love 444 because !y wi%1 if possible1 to keep _! money1 t is all4 ,is ?is to say t ,i admit all ! ideas ( ,m4 de ,gir>d98 ,no4 ,i admit ) him1 t woman c only be free & ! equal ( man1 9 s f> z %e is a wife1 ?r\gh a *ange 9 m>riage4 ,t1 9 ! /ate ( insecurity 9 :i* %e is plac$ ) respect to wages & to mat]nity outside ( m>riages1 woman does well to take measures to prev5t man f %ift+ ! obligations ( pat]nity f himself to h]4 ,i w\ld will+ly admit t ! *ild %\ld be> ! "m's "n only1 if m5 did n object s /rongly to x4 ,! *ild1 belong+ to bo?1 %\ld be> bo? names1 & *oose1 at majority1 ! "o t he pref]r$2 or else ! daught]s %\ld be> ! "n ( ! "m & ! sons t ( ! fa!r1 f ! "t ( majority4 ,i readily admit ! equality ( *ildr5 be=e ! "m & ! law2 = ba/>dy is mean+less 9 nature & is social iniquity4 ,b :at ,i d n admit1 is ! ideal ,m4 de ,gir>d9 has =m$ ) reg>d to ! respective functions ( ea* sex3 ,! exclusion ( woman f active occupations2 ,! univ]saliz+ ( ! d[]2 ,la/ly1 family education4 ,to say t man repres5ts labor1 ! g5ius ( ent]prise1 t he speculates1 acquires1 br+s 91--t woman repres5ts economy1 ! _s ( =esight1--t %e adm9i/]s1 pres]ves1 transmits1 is to e/abli% a s]ies :i* does n appe> to me at all 9 con=mity ) ! nature ( ?+s1 s9ce x is notori\s t a great numb] ( wom5 d :at ,m4 de ,gir>d9 attributes to ! o!r sex1 & vice v]s4 ,functions1 to be prop]ly p]=m$1 %\ld be ! result ( aptitudes4 ,n[ ,nature1 except 9 :at conc]ns ! reproduction ( ! species1 does n appe> to h class$ ^! accord+ to ! sexes4 ,s9ce ! orig9 ( society1 we h attempt$ to d x1 b hi/ory is at h& to reveal to u t1 9 act+ ?us1 we h only succe$$ 9 tyranniz+ ov] ! /urdy m9orities t h giv5 ! lie to su* pret5sions4 ,n[1 ,m4 de ,gir>d91 admitt+ a false s]ies1 priori1 is l$ )\t p]ceiv+ x to =ge *a9s = all wom5 :om ,nature has n made 9 con=mity ) ! conv5tional ord] :i* he wi%es to see realiz$4 ,to exclude woman f active occupations 9 ord] to conf9e h] to ! c>es ( ! h\sehold is to attempt an impossibility1 to close ! way to progress1 & to replace woman b5ea? ! yoke ( man4 ,x is to attempt an impossibility1 because !re are bran*es ( manufactures t c be execut$ only by wom52 because _m wom5 :o w\ld n m>ry1 or :o w\ld be left portionless wid[s )\t res\rces1 c\ld only rema9 pure by devot+ !mselves to "s active employm5t :i*1 not)/&+1 w\ld be int]dict$ to !m4 ,to see woman 9 ! h\sehold alone1 is to view h] f a contract$ /& po9t1 :i* ret>ds ! adv5t ( h] lib]ty4 ,x is to close ! way to progress1 because !re are social functions :i* w nev] be well p]=m$ until woman %all p>ticipate 9 !m1 & social que/ions t w nev] be resolv$ until woman %all /& by ! side ( man to elucidate !m4 ,x is to replace woman b5ea? ! yoke ( man1 because x is 9 human nature to rule & dom9e] ov] ^? :om we provide ) _! daily bread4 ,to wi% to erect ! d[] into an in/itution1 is to wi% to re/ore "o ( ! mo/ lam5table phases ( ! ,pa/ at ! mom5t :5 ,humanity is m>*+ t[>ds ! ,future--t :i* %[s u woman pur*as$ by man4 ,! univ]saliz+ ( ! d[] w\ld be !re=e a crim9al attempt on ! lib]ty & moral dignity ( woman4 ,la/ly1 to claim t e "m ought to educate h] *ildr5 h]self appe>s to u to propose z great impossibility z social dang]4 ,if e well con/itut$ woman is fit to br+ *ildr5 into ! _w & to n\ri% !m ) h] milk1 v few are capable ( develop+ _! intellect & he>t1 = education is a special function1 requir+ a p>ticul> aptitude1 ) :i* all mo!rs _c be end[$4 ,next1 family education p]petuates div]g5ce ( op9ions & s5tim5ts1 ma9ta9s prejudices1 favors ! developm5t ( vanity & selfi%ness1 & t5ds1 by ?is means1 to p>alyze ! mo/ noble1 ! mo/ civiliz+ s5tim5t--t ( univ]sal solid>ity4 ,assur$ly1 at ! pres5t "t1 _m motives may ju/ify family education1 b = ! good ( humanity x is to be desir$ t p>5ts :o sympa?ize 9 progressive ideas %\ld assemble _! *ildr5 toge!r to =m !m = social life1 in/ead ( re>+ !m ea* by himself4 ,i submit ?is critical sket* to ,m4 de ,gir>d9 9 ! "n ( ! pr9ciple t he has always def5d$3--individual dignity & human lib]ty4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,mod]n ,,communi/s4 ,! ,communi/s hold z ! pr9ciple ( social organization1 n ! agr>ian law1 z has be5 *>g$ on !m ?r\gh ignorance or bad fai?1 b ! enjoym5t 9 common ( ! soil1 ( implem5ts ( labor1 & ( products4 ,f ea* "o accord+ to 8 /r5g?1 to ea* "o accord+ to 8 ne$s1 is ! =mula ( mo/ among !m4 ,x is n our bus9ess to exam9e ! social value ( ?is doctr9e1 b only to %[ :at ,communism ?9ks ( woman & h] rights4 ,! mod]n communi/s may be divid$ into two classes3 ! religi\s & ! political4 ,among ! fir/ are ! ,sa9t ,simonians1 ! ,fusioni/s & ! ,philadelphians4 ,among ! second1 are ! ,equalit>ians1 ! ,unit>ians1 ! ,ic>ians1 etc4 ,! fir/ consid] woman z ! equal ( man4 ,to ! o!rs1 %e is free2 among "s1 ) a %ade ( subord9ation4 ,! ,unit>ians1 :o h drawn l>gely f ,f\ri]1 proclaim woman free1 & equal ) man4 ,we %all speak "h ( only a few ( ! communi/ic sects1 res]v+ = sep>ate articles :at relates to ! ,sa9t ,simonians & ! ,fusioni/s4 ,! ,philadelphians1 admitt+ ,god & ! immortality ( ! s\l1 lay d[n ^! two pr9ciples3 ,god is ! *ief ( ! social ord]2 ,frat]nity is ! law t gov]ns human relations4 ,religion1 to ! ,philadelphians1 is ! practice ( ,frat]nity2 ,progress is a dogma1 ,community is ! law ( ! individual be=e ,god & consci5ce4 ,t\*+ ! relations ( ! sexes & ! rights ( woman1 ,m4 ,pecqueur ?us expresses himself 9 8 "w ,la ,rpublique de ,dieu1 pp4 #aid1 #aie3 ,complete equality ( ! man & ! woman4 ,! ,monogamic m>riage1 int5tionally indissoluble z a normal condition2 su* is ! second practical consequ5ce ( ! dogma ( religi\s frat]nity4 #a4 ,,equality4 ,we br+ no pro(s 9 evid5ce ( ?is2 8 reason is blott$ out by prejudice & 8 he>t *ill$ by egotism1 :o is n impress$ at once ) ! tru? ( equality4 ,9 ! /ate ( society creat$ by ! religion ( frat]nity & equality1 wom5 w f9d1 f _! e>lie/ ye>s1 ! same means & ! same conditions ( developm5t ( function & ( remun]ation1 9 %ort1 ,,! ,,same ,,rights1 ! same social aim to pursue z m52 & 9 proportion z cu/om %all correspond ) ! religi\s & moral ends ( ! union1 w ! liv+ law d$uce ! practical consequ5ces ( all ord]1 conta9$ 9 ! g]m 9 ! dogma ( ! complete equality ( ! sexes4 #d4 ,,monogamy ,,& ,,indissolubility4 ,to compreh5d ! lawfulness ( ! unlimit$ or indef9ite monogamic m>riage1 x suffices to consid]3 #a/4 ! exig5cies ( our inmo/ nature1 t is1 ! *>act]i/ics ( love2 its in/9ctive aspiration to ! union & ! fusion ( two be+s1 to duration & to p]petuity2 ! necessity ( possess+ ea* o!r reciprocally & ( hav+ fai? 9 ?is possession 9 ord] to love ea* o!r2 9 %ort1 in/9ct1 desire2 ! irresi/ible & univ]sal affections1 & ! joys ( pat]nity & ( ! family2 #b;d4 ! physiological conditions ( g5]ation1 :i* exact monogamy 9 ord] to assure ! reproduction & ! good & progressive cons]vation ( ! species2 #c;d4 social & religi\s exig5cies1 :i* require relations ( all k9ds to be pr$et]m9$ & regulat$1 t ea* "o may be secure 9 8 expectation & 8 possession1 & t !re may be a possibility ( satisfy+ ! fundam5tal prop5sities ( our natures4444 ,to claim to introduce polygamy1 promiscu\sness1 or union = a t]m ( ye>s into su* surr\nd+s1 7! ,philadelphian society17 is evid5tly to decree selfi%ness & m]e c>nal pleasure1 :ile proclaim+ duty & dignity4 ,x is inconceivable t two moral be+s1 once unit$ by pure love1 %\ld ev] cease to love ea* o!r1 to delight 9 ea* o!r1 or at lea/ to endure ea* o!r1 :5 !y are presum$ already to be devot$ & sacrific+ )\t di/9ction 9 _! love to _! bro!rs & si/]s4 ,/ill less is x conceivable t _! bro!rs & si/]s w\ld dream ( div]t+ ?is reciprocal love ( two memb]s ( ! family to _! p]sonal advantage2 = ?is w\ld be infamy4 ,m4 ,pecqueur admits1 not)/&+1 t 9 v r>e cases1 divorce may be grant$ on acc\nt ( incompatibility ( temp]4 ,9 su* case ! (f5d+ p>ty w\ld be exclud$ f ! republic1 & ! o!r w\ld be at lib]ty to rem>ry4 ,accord+ to ,m4 ,pecqueur1 indissolubility ( m>riage does n relate to ! pres5t antagoni/ic /ate ( society1 z he says3 ,divorce is a great mis=tune1 n only to ! p>ties conc]n$1 b to religion2 not)/&+1 9 ! k+dom ( ,cs> 9 :i* pure ju/ice is ! "q1 x is ! less] evil1 :5 ! individuals are det]m9$ on a sep>ation 9 fact1 & are lu/+ aft] o!r ties4 ,!y d evil cl&e/9ely2 !y are ! cause or ! occasion ( ! temptation or ! fall ( o!rs4 ,d :at !y w1 ! sc&al is kn[n2 s t nei!r society1 nor ! sp\ses1 nor ! *ildr51 nor morality d]ive b5efit f ! consecration ( absolute p]petuity4 ,x is n *>itable1 x is impi\s to =ce two be+s to rema9 toge!r1 "o ( :i*1 to say ! lea/1 maltreats1 dete/s1 takes advantage (1 or dom9e]s ov] ! o!r4 ,x is equally wrong to grant !m a sep>ation f b$ & bo>d )\t at ! same "t p]mitt+ !m to yield to *a/e affections :5 !y ackn[l$ge ^! 9 purity & lib]ty4 ,s !n1 to ! ,philadelphians1 exp\nd$ by ,m4 ,pecqueur1 m>riage is monogam\s1 indissoluble by int5tion2 divorce is a sad necessity ( ! exi/+ /ate ( society1 :il/ sep>ation is immorality4 ,9 %ort1 woman is free & ! equal ( man4 ,ano!r communi/ sect1 t ( ! ,ic>ians1 takes no notice ei!r ( ! nature or ! rights ( wom54 ,its *ief1 ,m4 ,cabet1 an ex-attorney-g5]al1 0 too fully imbu$ ) ! doctr9es ( ! ,civil ,code1 t inelegant p>aphrase ( ! ,apo/le ,paul1 n to be p]suad$ t woman ought to rema9 outside ! pale ( political "r1 & t %e ought to be subord9ate to man 9 g5]al1 & to h] husb&1 good or bad1 9 p>ticul>4 ,let u d ju/ice h[ev] to ,m4 ,cabet's disciples2 ,i h nev] f\nd a s+le "o ( !m ( 8 op9ion on ?is great "q4 ,"o ev5+ 9 #ahdh1 z ,m4 ,cabet 0 presid+ ov] a well att5d$ club1 he 0 reque/$ by a woman to put ! "q3 ,is woman ! equal ( man be=e social & political rights8 ,almo/ e h& 0 rais$ 9 ! affirmative2 9 ! negative1 n a h& 0 rais$1 n a man prote/$ aga9/ ! affirmation4 ,a r\nd ( applause foll[$ f ! gall]ies fill$ ) wom52 & ,m4 ,cabet 0 some:at disconc]t$ by ! result4 ,he seem$ to be ignorant t ! p1 always em95tly logical1 are nev] guilty ( quibbl+ to elude or to limit ! pr9ciples t !y h adopt$4 ,?is vote ( ! ,cabet club 0 repeat$ 9 ?ree o!rs1 9 my pres5ce4 ,! m5 9 paletots laugh$ at ! dem&s ( brave ,jeanne ,d]o92 ! m5 9 bl\ses did n ev5 smile at !m4 ,m4 ,dezamy repres5t+ ano!r %ade ( communism1 ?us expresses himself 9 ! code ( ! ,community2 ,away ) m>ital dom9ion6 ,fre$om ( alliance6 p]fect equality ( bo? sexes6 ,fre$om ( divorce6 ,he adds1 "u ! head+2 ,laws = ! union ( ! sexes1 design$ to prev5t all discord & debau*]y1 page #bff3 ,art4 ,i4 ,mutual love1 inmo/ sympa?y1 purity ( he>t betwe5 two be+s1 =m & legalize _! union4 ,art4 ,,ii4 ,!re %\ld be p]fect equality betwe5 ! two sexes4 ,art4 ,,iii4 ,no bond except t ( mutual love c l9k ! man & ! woman toge!r4 ,art4 ,,iv4 ,no?+ %all prev5t lov]s :o h sep>at$ f =m+ new ties z (t5 z !y %all be attract$ to ano!r p]son4 ,! e?ics ( ,m4 ,dezamy are n to our ta/e2 we pref] ^? ( ! ,communi/1 ,pecqueur2 b we are glad to prove t mod]n communism1 divid$ on ! que/ions ( m>riage1 ! family1 & morals 9 relations ( ! sexes1 is unanim\s ) respect to ! lib]ty ( woman & ! equality ( ! sexes be=e ! law & society4 ,9 ?is1 mod]n communism is greatly sup]ior to t ( ! anci5t s*ool1 practis$ among sev]al nations1 & taught by ,plato1 ,morelly1 etc4 ,we recognize a sign ( ! times 9 ?is ju/] appreciation ( woman1 ) ! introduction ( ! pr9ciple ( h] rights into doctr9es :i* =m]ly nev] took !m into acc\nt4 ,! great] "p ( ! ,communi/s belong to ! work+ class2 :i* proves t ! p mo/ ( all feel ! great tru?1 t ! lib]ty ( woman is id5tical ) t ( ! masses2 & x w take m ?an ,,mm4 ,pr\dhon1 ,comte1 ,mi*elet & _! adepts1 to ?r[ cold wat] on _! feel+s & to make !m retrace _! /eps4 ,,sa9t ,,simonians4 ,my "m1 a zeal\s ,prote/ant & v au/]e 9 morals1 disapprov$ ( ,/4 ,simonianism1 & nev] p]mitt$ any "o to speak ( x 9 my pres5ce except to condemn x2 %e took great c>e t n a l9e ( ! new doctr9e %\ld fall "u my eyes4 ,:e!r f a natural _s ( opposition or f in/9ctive ju/ice1 ,i "k n1 b ,i by no means %>$ 9 ! c5sure t ,i he>d express$ ab\t me2 "o ?+ alone result$ f x--curiosity to become acqua9t$ ) :at 7 call$ immoral dogmas4 ,i 0 9 ?is frame ( m9d :5 "o day :ile ) my "m 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,palais du ,ju/ice1 ,i saw a company ( m5 advanc+1 clad 9 a graceful co/ume2 !y 7 ! ,sa9t ,simonians go+ 9 a body to def5d _! infant *ur* aga9/ prosecution at ! b>4 ,i 0 greatly mov$ by ! sight2 ,i felt 9 communion ) ^! y\? :o 7 ab\t to be> te/imony to _! fai?2 !y did n seem l /rang]s1 b z /ruggl+ = my own cause or = "o t des]v$ my sympa?y1 & te>s sprang to my eyes4 ,i c\ld h he>tily embrac$ ^? :om ,i he>d def5d+ !m1 & z he>tily h assail$ ^? :o claim$ t x w\ld be j to condemn !m4 ,my "m be+ too g5]\s to jo9 ) ! latt]1 we dep>t$ 9 sil5ce4 ,i knew1 )\t hav+ any k ( ! details1 t ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,simon _h be5 disp]s$4 ,x 0 n until "s ye>s aft] t1 hav+ made ! acqua9tance ( a ,/4 ,simonian lady1 ,i 0 enabl$ to read ! doctr9al writ+s & to =m an idea ( ! aspirations & ! dogmas ( ! s*ool ( ,/4 ,simon4 ,if ! nature ( ?is "w =bids me _! analysis1 x _c reproa* me = express+ my sympa?ies = ^? :o h _h great & g5]\s aspirations2 = ^? :o1 9 a critical po9t ( view1 h r5d]$ real s]vices to ! cause ( ,progress2 = ^? :o h br\ght to light ! solution ( ! two capital problems ( our epo*2 ! emancipation ( woman & ( ! workman4 ,! ,/4 ,simonians h be5 en\gh assail$1 en\gh calumniat$ to ju/ify a woman :o is n a ,/4 ,simonian 9 consid]+ x a duty to r5d] !m ju/ice1 by ackn[l$g+ ! good :i* !y h done4 ,yes1 y h a "r to be pr\d ( y\r "n ( ,/4 ,simonians1 y :o h proclaim$ ! obligation ( labor+ )\t respite = ! physical1 moral & intellectual amelioration ( ! mo/ num]\s & ! poore/ class2 ,y :o h proclaim$ ! sanctity ( sci5ce1 art1 manufactures1 & labor 9 e =m2 ,y :o h proclaim$ ! equality ( ! sexes 9 ! family1 ! *ur*1 & ! /ate2 ,y :o h prea*$ ( peace & frat]nity to a _w giv5 ov] to w>s ( cannon & competition4 ,y :o h criticis$ ! anci5t dogma1 & all ! evil in/itutions t h !nce aris52 ,yes1 ,i repeat1 y h des]v$ well ( ,progress1 y h des]v$ well ( ,humanity2 & y h a "r to be> ) pride y\r great s*ola/ic "n2 = x 0 noble to desire ! emancipation ( woman1 ( labor1 & ( ! labor]2 x 0 g5]\s to consecrate y\? & =tune to x1 z s _m among y h done4 ,?r\gh y\r aspirations1 y h be5 ! cont9u]s ( '#hi1 s9ce y dream$ ( realiz+ :at 0 conta9$ 9 ! g]m 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights3 ^! are y\r titles ( greatness2 ?is is :y y\r "n w n p]i%4 ,b if1 ?r\gh y\r s5tim5ts1 y belong$ to ! great era ( '#hi1 ! social =m 9 :i* y claim$ to inc>nate y\r pr9ciples1 belong$ to ! ,middle ,ages2 ! age !re=e has done "r to leave y beh9d4 ,s$uc$ by tr9it>ian my/icism1 delud$ by an errone\s hi/orical po9t ( view1 y claim$ to resuscitate hi]>*y & !ocracy 9 a sy/em ( humanity fa%ion$ 9 con=mity ) ! oppos+ pr9ciple2 ! triumph ( individual lib]ty 9 social equality4 ,?is is ! reason t ! age c\ld n foll[ y4 ,no m c\ld wom5 foll[ y1 = !y felt t !y c\ld only be affran*is$ ?r\gh labor & ?r\gh purity ( morals2 by rul+ ov]1 n imitat+ mascul9e passions4 ,!y felt t _! p[] ( moralization 0 due z mu* to _! *a/ity z to _! intellect2 !y knew t ^? :o make use ( ! mo/ lib]ty 9 love1 nei!r love nor e/eem ! o!r sex2 t1 9 g5]al1 !y employ _! asc5dancy ov] x to p]v]t x to ru9 & afflict _! companions1 & to dissolve ! family & civilization2 t1 9 consequ5ce1 !y are ! mo/ dang]\s enemies ( ! emancipation ( _! sex2 = man1 sob]$ ( 8 passion1 c nev] desire to emancipate ^? by :om he has be5 deceiv$1 ru9$ & demoraliz$4 ,! ,/4 ,simonian or?odoxy is !re=e1 9 my op9ion1 greatly mi/ak5 ) respect to ! ways & means ( realization4 ,%all we impute ?is to x z a crime8 ,no1 inde$6 social problems are n ma!matical problems2 !re is m]it 9 prop\nd+ !m2 c\rage & devotion 9 pursu+ _! solution1 ev5 :5 we fail completely to atta9 x4 ,we all "k ! _s ( ! ,/4 ,simonians :o fir/ br\ght be=e ! public m9d ( ! age ! "q ( female emancipation2 x w\ld be ungrateful 9 ! wom5 :o dem& lib]ty & equality n to recognize ! debt ( gratitude :i* !y h contract$ t[>d !m4 ,x is _! duty to say to _! companions3 ! seal ( ,/4 ,simonianism is ! safegu>d ( ! lib]ty ( woman2 :]ev] !re=e y meet a ,/4 ,simonian1 y may press 8 h& frat]nally2 y h 9 him a def5d] ( y\r "r4 ,let u sket* ! g5]al outl9e ( ! ,/4 ,simonian doctr9e1 t\*+ woman & h] rights4 ,all ( ! ,/4 ,simonians admit t ! sexes are equal2 ,t ! c\ple =ms ! social individual2 ,t m>riage is ! sacr$ bond ( g5]ations2 ! association ( a man & a woman = ! accompli%m5t ( a sac]dotal1 sci5tific1 arti/ic1 or indu/rial "w2 ,all admit divorce1 & transition to ano!r union2 b "s are m sev]e ?an o!rs ) respect to ! conditions ( divorce4 ,!re is a division among !m on ! "q ( morals4 ,ol9de ,rodrigues & ,baz>d d n admit any liaison ( love outside ( m>riage4 ,m4 ,enfant9e1 on ! contr>y1 claims ! greate/ lib]ty 9 love4 ,we %\ld add t he gives to ?is op9ion a fix$ & provisional value only1 s9ce he says t ! law ( ! relations ( sexes c only be e/abli%$ 9 a sure & def9itive mann] by ! concurr5ce ( ! woman2 & s9ce1 on ! o!r h&1 he prescribes cont95ce to 8 close/ foll[]s1 until ! com+ ( ! ,woman1 ( :i* he reg>ds himself ! precursor4 ,9 addition1 to give our read]s a m precise idea ( ! s5tim5ts ( ! ,/4 ,simonians conc]n+ woman1 we w cite "s passages ( _! writ+s4 ,! use ( woman by man /ill exi/s1 says ,m4 ,enfant92 ?is x is t con/itutes ! necessity ( our apo/le%ip4 ,?is use1 ?is subalt]nation contr>y to nature1 ) respect to ! future1 results on ! "o h&1 9 falsehood & fraud2 on ! o!r1 9 viol5ce & animal passions2 x is necess>y to put an end to ^! vices4--7,religion ,/4 ,simoni5ne1 #ahcb1 p4 #e47 ,woman1 z we h said1 is ! equal ( man2 ,%e is n[ a slave2 x belongs to h] ma/] to affran*ise h]4 7,id4 p4 #ab47 ,!re w be no def9itive law & morality until woman %all h spok54 7,id4 p4 #ah47 ,9 ! "n ( ,god1 exclaims ,m4 ,enfant9 9 8 ,appel la ,femme1 9 ! "n ( ,god & ( all ! suff]+s :i* ,humanity1 8 lov$ *ild1 endures to-day 9 h] fle%2 9 ! "n ( ! poore/ & mo/ num]\s class ^: daught]s are sold to ,indol5ce & ^: sons are giv5 up to ,w>2 9 ! "n ( all ^? m5 & ( all ^? wom51 :o ca/ ! glitt]+ veil ( falsehood or ! fil?y rays ( debau*]y ov] _! secret or public pro/itution2 9 ! "n ( ,/4 ,simon :o came to ann\nce to man & woman _! moral1 social & religi\s equality1 ,i conjure woman to answ] me6 7,entreti5 du #g ,dcembre1 #ahca47 ,on 8 side1 ,baz>d concludes a pamphlet1 publi%$ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahcb1 ) ^! words3 ,& we too h ha/5$ ! com+ ( woman2 we too summon h] ) all our might2 b x is 9 ! "n ( ! pure love ) :i* %e has imbu$ ! he>t ( man1 & :i* man is n[ ready to give h] 9 return2 x is 9 ! "n ( ! dignity :i* is promis$ h] 9 m>riage2 x is la/ly & above all1 9 ! "n ( ! mo/ num]\s & poore/ class1 ^: s]vitudes & humiliations %e has hi!rto %>$1 & :om h] en*ant+ voice c alone to-day h p[] f9ally to release f ! h>% imposition ) :i* x is /ill weigh$ d[n by ! wrecks ( ! pa/4 ,ah6 y are to a great ext5t "r1 ,enfant9 & ,baz>d6 ,s long z woman is n free & ! equal ( man2 s long z %e is n ev]y:]e at 8 side1 sorr[s1 disord]s1 w>1 ! exploitation ( ! weak1 w be ! sad lot ( humanity4 ,pi]re ,l]\x1 ! g5tle/1 be/ & mo/ simple man t ,i "k1 writes 9 turn 9 ! f\r? volume ( 8 ,encyclopdie ,n\velle1 article ,egalit1 ! foll[+ rem>kable p>agraphs3 ,!re are n two diff]5t be+s1 man & woman1 !re is b a s+le human be+ ) two phases1 :i* correspond & are unit$ by love4 ,man & woman exi/ to =m ! c\ple2 !y are ! two p>ts ( x4 ,outside ( ! c\ple1 outside ( love & m>riage1 !re is no long] any sex2 !re are human be+s ( a common orig9 & ( l faculties4 ,man at e mom5t ( 8 life is s5sation1 s5tim5t1 k2 s is woman4 ,! def9ition is !re=e ! same4 ,aft] hav+ prov$1 accord+ to 8 idea1 t ! type ( woman diff]s f t ( man1 he cont9ues3 ,b ?is type does n sep>ate !m f ! re/ ( humanity1 & does n make ( !m a sep>ate race :i* mu/ be di/+ui%$ philosophically f man4444 ,love be+ abs5t1 !y manife/ !mselves to man z human be+s1 & are rank$1 l man1 "u ! v>i\s categories ( civil society4 ,aft] hav+ obs]v$ t1 h[ev] diff]5t m5 may be1 !y are !re=e none ! less equal1 s9ce !y all are s5sation1 s5tim5t & k1 ,pi]re ,l]\x1 apply+ ?is pr9ciple to ! "q ( ! "r ( woman1 adds3 ,f :atev] side we look at ?is "q1 we are l$ to proclaim ! equality ( man & woman4 ,=1 if we consid] woman 9 ! c\ple1 woman is ! equal ( man1 s9ce ! c\ple itself is f\nd$ on equality1 s9ce love is equality 9 itself1 & s9ce :]e ju/ice1 t is1 equality1 does n reign1 !re love _c reign1 b ! contr>y ( love4 ,& if we consid] woman outside ( ! c\ple1 %e is a be+ l unto man1 end[$ ) ! same faculties 9 v>i\s degrees2 "o ( ^? v>ieties 9 unity :i* con/itute ! _w & human society4 ,! au?or says t woman %\ld lay claim to equality only z a sp\se & a human be+2 t to ackn[l$ge h] z free because %e has sex1 is to decl>e h] at lib]ty n only to use b also to abuse love2 & t ! abuse ( love mu/ n be ! appanage & sign ( lib]ty4 ,he says t woman has sex only = him :om %e loves & by :om %e is lov$2 t to all o!rs %e c be m]ely a human be+4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 cont9ues he1 we mu/ say to wom53 y h a "r to equality by two di/9ct titles2 z human be+s & z wives4 ,z wives1 y are our equals1 = love 9 itself is equality4 ,z human be+s1 y\r cause is t ( all1 x is ! same z t ( ! p2 x is alli$ to ! great revolution>y cause2 t is1 to ! g5]al progress ( ! human k9d4 ,y are our equals1 n because y are wom5 b because !re are no long] ei!r slaves or s]fs4 ,?is is ! tru? t mu/ be spok5 to m5 & wom52 b x w\ld be to p]v]t ?is tru? & to trans=m x into error to say to wom53 ,y are a sex ap>t1 a sex 9 ! possession ( love4 ,emancipate y\rselves2 t is1 use & abuse love4 ,woman ?us trans=m$ into an un*a/e ,v5us1 loses at once h] dignity z a human be+ & z a woman2 t is1 z a be+ capable ( =m+ a human c\ple "u ! sacr$ law ( love4 ,! excell5t ,l]\x asks :o does n feel1 :o does n admit at ! pres5t day ! equality ( ! sexes8 ,:o w\ld d>e ma9ta9 t woman is an inf]ior be+1 ( :om man is ! guide & beacon light8 ,t woman is elevat$ by man1 :o is elevat$ only by himself & by ,god8 ,:o w\ld d>e ma9ta9 su* absurdities to-day1 brave & upright ,l]\x8 ,p4 ,j4 ,pr\dhon1 ! man :o call$ y ,!opompe & ,plissi]--,m4 ,mi*elet1 :o claims t woman 0 creat$ to be ! mo/ tiresome doll ( h] lov+ husb&4 ,b to return to y\rself4 ,y affirm t ,god is &rogyn\s2 t 9 him coexi/ ! male & female pr9ciples on ! foot+ ( equality3 t consequ5tly1 man & woman are equal 9 ,god4 ,i ass5t to ?is will+ly1 al?\gh ,i "k absolutely no?+ ab\t x4 ,b :5 y add t woman is des]v+ ( q z mu* z man1 because %e has %>$ 9 all ! agoniz+ crises ( ! progressive education ( ! human race2 ,t love1 :i* _c exi/ )\t ! woman1 has l$ u f ! law ( slav]y to t ( equality2 ,t consequ5tly woman repres5ts half 9 ! "w ( ! ages2 ,9 ?is !re is no my/]y2 ,i jo9 y !re=e ) all my he>t 9 repeat+ to m5 ! invitations & ! lessons :i* y give to ^! ungrateful & /ubborn males3 ,if we are free1 x is 9 "p by woman2 let h] !n be made free by u4 ,b is %e s8 ,is %e treat$ by u z an equal8 ,a wife--does %e f9d equality 9 love & m>riage8 ,a human be+1 does %e f9d equality 9 ! ,/ate8 ,?is is ! "q4 ,on ! subject ( woman1 our civil law is a model ( absurd contradictions4 ,accord+ to ! ,roman law1 woman liv$ p]petually "u tutelage2 9 ?is sy/em ( legislation1 ev]y?+ 0 at lea/ 9 p]fect h>mony2 woman 0 always a m9or4 ,we1 on our "p1 decl>e h] 9 a multitude ( cases to be free z man4 ,%e is no long] "u g5]al or fictiti\s tutelage2 h] age ( majority is fix$2 %e is compet5t to inh]it 9 h] own "r2 %e inh]its 9 equal proportion2 %e controls & disposes ( h] prop]ty2 m ?an ?is1 9 ! sy/em ( communion ( goods betwe5 husb& & wife1 we admit ! sep>ation ( prop]ty4 ,b let ! m>riage bond itself be 9 "q1 9 :i* weal? is no long] at /ake1 b ourselves & our mo!rs1 ourselves & our si/]s1 ourselves & our daught]s2 !n we are f\nd intractable 9 our laws2 we no long] admit equality2 we require woman to decl>e h]self our inf]ior & s]vant1 & to swe> ob$i5ce to u4 ,truly we cl+ m to money ?an to love2 we h m consid]ation = money-bags ?an = human dignity2 = we emancipate wom5 z soon z !y become freehold]s2 b z soon z !y become wives ! law decl>es !m our inf]iors4 ,"h not)/&+1 t bond is 9 "q 9 :i* ! equality ( man & woman is mo/ evid5t2 t bond 9 :i* ?is equality breaks =?1 z x 72 t bond 9 :i* x is s necess>y to proclaim t )\t equality1 ! bond itself exi/s no long]4 ,yet1 by an absurd contradiction1 our civil law *ooses ?is mom5t to proclaim ! inf]iority ( woman2 x condemns h] to ob$i5ce1 makes h] take a false oa?1 & takes advantage ( love to make x outrage itself4 ,i h no d\bt t1 to future ages1 ! *>act]i/ic symbol ( our moral condition w be t article ( our laws :i* sanctions 9 set t]ms inequality 9 love4 ,x w be said ( u3 !y _h s little compreh5sion ( ju/ice1 t !y did n compreh5d love :i* is ju/ice 9 ev5 its holie/ type2 !y _h s little compreh5sion ( love1 t !y did n ev5 admit ju/ice 9 x2 & t 9 _! writt5 law1 _! ,code1 ! =m ( m>riage1 ! only sacram5t ( :i* !y yet _h any idea1 in/ead ( sanction+ equality1 sanctions inequality2 in/ead ( union1 disunion2 in/ead ( ! love t equalizes & id5tifies its objects1 "s contradictory & mon/r\s relation1 f\nd$ at ! same "t ^u id5tity1 & ^u inf]iority & slav]y4 ,yes1 l ^? =ms ( ! law ( ! ,twelve ,tables1 t we quote n[ to prove ! b>b>ity ( ! anci5t ,romans & _! ignorance ( ju/ice1 ?is article ( our ,code w be "s day cit$ to *>act]ize our grossness & ignorance1 = ! abs5ce ( an elevat$ notion ( ju/ice is z m>k$ 9 x z is ! abs5ce ( an elevat$ notion ( love4 ,!nce foll[s ev]y?+ relative to ! condition ( woman2 or r1 ev]y?+ is connect$ ) ?is po9t2 = w we respect ! equality ( woman z a human be+ :5 we are s5seless en\gh to d5y h] ?is quality z a wife8 ,is woman to-day1 9 s f> z a human be+1 really treat$ z ! equal ( man8 ,i w n ent] ^u ?is broad subject4 ,i conf9e myself to a s+le "q2 :at education d wom5 receive8 ,y treat !m z y treat ! p4 ,to ^! too y leave ! old religion t fits u no long]4 ,!y are *ildr5 kept z long z possible 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 z ?\gh ?is 7 n ! true way to de=m !m1 to de/roy at once ! rectitude ( _! m9d & ! c&or ( _! s\l4 ,besides1 :at does ,society d = !m8 ,to :at new c>e]s does %e give !m access8 ,yet1 not)/&+1 x is evid5t to e ?9k+ m9d t our arts1 our sci5ces1 our manufactures w make z mu* new progress :5 wom5 are call$ to take a "p 9 !m1 z !y did a few ye>s ago1 :5 !y 7 op5$ to ! s]fs4 ,y compla9 ( ! want & wret*$ness t weighs d[n y\r sy/ems ( society2 aboli% ! ca/es t are /ill subsi/+2 aboli% ! ca/e 9 :i* y hold immur$ ! half ( ! human race4 ,^! few pages1 my read]s1 give y ! compass ( ! s5tim5ts ( ! ,/4 ,simonians1 bo? or?odox & diss5t]s1 & ju/ify ! sympa?y ent]ta9$ by wom5 :o h atta9$ majority = ^? :o h s ard5tly plead$ _! cause4 ,,fusioni/s4 ,l\is de ,t\rreil1 ! reveal] ( ,fusionism1 is a man :om x is impossible to behold )\t sympa?y or to he> )\t pleasure2 he is k9dly1 he speaks well1 & 8 ideas are mo/ logically d$uc$2 8 pr9ciples once admitt$1 "o is con/ra9$ to foll[ him to ! end4 ,t\rreil expresses himself 9 ! ,revue ,philosophique ( ,may1 #ahef1 on ! subject ( woman & h] rights1 z foll[s3 ,nature is r$uc$ to ?ree great co-et]nal pr9ciples or productive ag5ts ( all ?+s4 ,^! pr9ciples are3 ,! female or passive pr9ciple1 ,! male or active pr9ciple1 ,& ! mix$ or unificative pr9ciple1 p>ticipat+ 9 bo?1 :i* is call$ ,love4 ,god is !re=e ,female1 ,male & ,&rogyn\s1 9 8 tr9>y unity4 ,he is simultane\sly f all et]nity ,"m1 ,fa!r & ,love1 in/ead ( be+1 z ! !ologians say1 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s2 ?ree ag5ts ( l sex1 incapable ( produc+ any?+4 ,y w easily conceive1 my de> bro!r1 t if ! mascul9e & ! fem99e sex hold ! same rank 9 ! ,div9e ,tr9ity1 !y w be also f\nd 9 ! same rank 9 humanity4 ,! "p :i* ! div9e woman plays 9 ,heav51 ! human woman w play on ,e>?4444 ,7 he 7,god7 only ( ! mascul9e sex1 m5 w\ld say t ! mascul9e sex alone is noble1 & t woman is creat$ m]ely = ! s]vice ( man1 z man is creat$ = t ( ,god4 ,!y w\ld ev5 "q :e!r %e _h a s\l1 & w\ld ?9k t !y 7 do+ h] a favor 9 admitt+ h] z some?+ 9 life4 ,aft] quot+ ! tea*+s ( ! apo/le ,paul ) respect to woman & m>riage1 ! au?or cont9ues3 ,behold1 my de> bro!r1 ! "p :i* ,*ri/ianity assigns to woman4 ,if ?is doctr9e !re=e 7 foll[$ 9 e po9t1 & if x ought to be replac$ by no high] "o1 woman w\ld f9d h]self condemn$ 9 p]petuity to a subalt]nization humiliat+ to h] nature4 ,b ,fusionism1 :i* is ! doctr9e ( ,salvation = all1 does n p]mit any "o to be sacrific$2 = ?is reason1 woman is ! equal ( man & man ! equal ( woman1 z 9 ,god1 ! et]nal ,"m is ! equal ( ! et]nal ,fa!r1 & ! et]nal ,fa!r is ! equal ( ! et]nal ,"m4 ,de ,t\rreil believes t ! ,"m gives =m & ! ,fa!r life1 two ?+s equally necess>y to con/itute ! be+4 ,s9ce woman is ! equal ( man 9 absolute pr9ciple1 cont9ues he1 & s9ce %e is co-et]nal ) him1 !re is inju/ice 9 subord9at+ h] to man 9 ! relative2 & ! book ( ,g5esis commits a gross error 9 mak+ h] proce$ f man3 ,if ei!r ( ! two c\ld be be=e ! o!r1 x w\ld be ! woman1 = /rictly speak+1 we c\ld conceive ( ! be+ )\t ! life1 b x w\ld be q impossible to conceive ( ! life )\t ! be+3 ,! be+ )\t ! life w\ld be a dead be+1 b :at w\ld ! life be )\t ! be+8 ,x w\ld be a life )\t exi/5ce1 negation1 ! abs5ce ( life1 no?+ness4 ,!re=e1 9 logical ord]1 woman is fir/4444 ,n only ought woman to be ! equal ( man1 z we h se51 b 9 enunciation & classification1 %e %\ld be nam$ & class$ fir/4 ,woman is ! m\ld by :i* ! species is p]fect$ or deprav$1 accord+ z ! m\ld is good or bad4 ,! fate ( humanity dep5ds !re=e on woman1 s9ce %e has all p[]ful influ5ce on ! fruit t %e be>s 9 h] bosom4 ,pure1 good1 intellig5t1 %e w produce heal?y1 intellig5t & good be+s4 ,impure1 n>r[1 & wick$1 %e w produce unheal?y1 un9tellig5t & wick$ be+s4 ,9 a ^w1 ! *ild w be :at its "m is1 = no?+ c give :at x has n4 ,x is important !re=e t woman %\ld be develop$ l man1 t h] education %\ld be compreh5sive1 t h] p]son %\ld be honor$1 respect$1 & t5d]ly c>$ =1 9 ord] t no?+ 9 ! social surr\nd+s may %ape x to evil4 ,de/9$ by ! ,supreme ,be+ to =m ! human be+ f h] fle%1 h] blood & h] s\l1 de/9$ to n\ri% x ) h] milk & to give x its e>lie/ education1 ! two acts :i* h ! greate/ influ5ce ov] ! individual life1 woman %\ld be consid]$ z ! *ief ag5t ( p]fection4 ,?is rle classes h] naturally 9 a v elevat$ rank 9 society1 & exacts ( h] sup]ior p]fections4 ,?us 9 ! future %e w be ! image ( ,div9e ,wisdom on e>?1 z man w repres5t ,div9e ,p[]4 ,to man m especially w belong action2 to woman1 c\nsel4 ,man w take ! initiative 9 difficult ent]prises2 woman w mod]ate or excite ardor !re94 ,man w rule ! planet2 woman w embelli% x4 ,man w symbolize sci5ce & manufactures2 woman w symbolize poetry & art4 ,! "o w always h ne$ ( ! o!r2 !y w walk toge!r side by side1 & w f9d complet5ess reciprocally 9 ea* o!r4 ,su*1 my de> fri5d1 aft] a brief fa%ion1 is ! idea :i* %\ld be =m$ ( woman4 ,man & woman are n two be+s radically sep>at$2 bo? toge!r make b a s+le be+4 ,to subord9ate woman to man or man to woman is !re=e to mutilate ! human be+1 or to fail to compreh5d its int]e/s4 ,t humanity may be happy1 nei!r ( its halves mu/ suff]4 ,& h[ c x help suff]+ if x is r$uc$ to s]vitude & oppress$ by ! o!r8 ,our de/9y on e>? is to con/itute ! collective be+ 9 8 own consci\sness4 ,= ?is1 x is necess>y to realize ! humanit>y &rogynus4 ,n[ ! humanit>y &rogynus necessitates fir/ ! individual &rogynus :i* c only be con/itut$ by h>moni\s m>riage4 ,m>riage is !re=e ! great =mative or de=mative law ( ! collective be+1 accord+ z x is express$ by ! legislator 9 a mann] con=mably or contr>y to human de/9y4 ,x is 9 m>riage t ! s\rces ( good & evil are f\nd2 w\ld y "k :y8 ,because 9 ! act t jo9s ! man to ! woman1 & by :i* ! c\ple are made to =m b "o body1 ! two s\ls are fus$ by means ( a reciprocal donation1 :i* unites ! s\ls ( ! two = et]nity4 ,s t1 aft] ! conjunction1 ! s\l ( ! woman adh]es to ! s\l ( ! man & accompanies x ev]y:]e1 :ile ! s\l ( ! man adh]es to ! woman & nev] m quits x4 ,:5ce x foll[s t if ! s\l ( ! man be deprav$1 x depraves ! woman to :om x is unit$1 by ex]cis+ ov] h] a cont9u$ action1 ev5 at a di/ance4 ,s also does ! depravity ( ! woman unit$ to ! man deprave him )\t 8 kn[+ x by an occult & p]man5t action4 ,! s\ls ( two deprav$ be+s may be !re=e insep>ably conjo9$1 )\t ?us con/itut+ ! individual &rogynus1 :i* is ! div9e end ( m>riage or ! union ( ! sexes4 ,! individual &rogynus is only possible to ! condition ( unity4 ,b unity _c be con/itut$ by evil4 ,! good1 ! true & ! p]fect alone c comb9e ! conditions ( unity4 ,! evil1 ! false & ! imp]fect are ess5tially inh>moni\s 9 _! nature4 ,two wick$1 ins9c]e & vici\s be+s w only produce by _! conjunction a /ill great] diff]5ce4 ,!y w be unit$1 b only reciprocally to torm5t ea* o!r4 ,unity w nev] be con/itut$ by !m2 & )\t ! con/itution ( unity or ! individual &rogynus1 x w be impossible to realize ! human de/9y4 ,9 ord] t ! individual &rogynus may exi/ 9 ! c\ple1 !re mu/ be p]fect spiritual communion betwe5 !m2 t is1 communion ( ?\ght1 ( feel+1 & ( w4 ,b h[ c two individuals :o1 in/ead ( be+ rul$ by tru?1 are rul$ only by _! misdirect$ passions1--h[ c ^! two make b "o8 ,x is impossible4 ,y w compreh5d1 my de> bro!r1 f ^! few words1 h[ sacr$ is m>riage1 & h[ important x is to contract none b h>moni\s unions1 = ! unhapp9ess ( a lifetime (t5 dep5ds on an inconsid]ate conjunction4 ,hav+ _h sev]al opportunities ( meet+ ,m4 de ,t\rreil1 ,i ask$ him = "s exact details 9 respect to ! lib]ty ( woman & m>riage4 ,! foll[+ is an ab/ract ( ^? t he has k9dly giv5 me2 ,education %\ld be ! same = bo? sexes2 ,woman %\ld be at lib]ty to foll[ ! vocation :i* comes to h] f ,god2 & ( :i* %e alone is judge2 ,9 all grades & employm5ts 9 ! republic ( ,god1 woman %\ld be at ! side ( man2 ,aft] ! age ( fifty1 all individuals ( bo? sexes %\ld be rul]s & prie/s2 ,! reproduction ( ! species be+ ! "w ( ! love ( p]sons heal?y 9 m9d & 9 body1 be=e m>riage1 ! bride %\ld be requir$ to make confession to a prie/ess & ! bridegroom to a prie/1 9 ord] to be enlight5$ ) respect to ! opportun5ess or unsuitabl5ess ( ! union4 ,dissolution ( m>riage %\ld take place b 9 a s+le case1--:5 ! husb& & wife h atta9$ to complete fusion2 t is1 to feel+ & kn[+ reciprocally t !y h no long] any?+ to ex*ange4 ,x !n becomes necess>y to =m new ties1 &1 ea* "o to labor to fuse ) a new consort4 ,9 ! exi/+ condition ( humanity1 ?is fusion _c take place2 b 9 ! future1 :5 we %all be ne>] p]fection1 x w become possible sev]al times 9 life4 ,fusionism is1 z is evid5t1 my/ical socialism4 ,its vot>ies are g5tle & good1 & v tol]ant t[>ds ^? :o d n ?9k l !m4 ,,phalan/]ians4 ,! motto ( ! ,f\ri]i/ic1 ,societ>y or ,phalan/]ian s*ool is respect = individual lib]ty1 bas$ on ! foll[+ notions3 ,all nature is good2 x becomes p]v]t$ only :5 p]=m+ its functions 9 evil surr\nd+s4 ,no p]son exactly resembl+ ! re/1 ea* "o %\ld be ! sole judge ( 8 capacities1 & %\ld receive laws only f himself4 ,attractions are proportional to de/9ies4 ,if ! disciples ( my compatriot1 ,*>les ,f\ri]1 d n express !mselves exactly 9 ?is wise1 all t h writt5 be>s ! impr9t ( ^! ?\ghts4 ,are ,f\ri] & 8 disciples "r 9 believ+ t ! law ( passional attraction alone is requir$ to organize ! indu/rial1 moral & social _w8 ,t ! primordial elem5t ( a sy/em ( society %\ld be ! ,societ>y or ,phalan/]ian association8 ,t ! mo/ opposite1 ! mo/ div]se passions are ! conditions s9e qu non ( h>mony8 ,t ! comp5sation ( labor & ( competition %\ld be regulat$ accord+ to ,labor1 ,capital & ,tal5t8 ,we are n call$ on to exam9e ?is "h4 ,! only ?+ t ne$ occupy u 9 ?is rapid review ( contemporane\s op9ions is ! inve/igation ( ! s5tim5ts & ideas ( ,f\ri] & 8 s*ool 9 t :i* conc]ns ! pr9cipal object ( ?is book4 ,a few pages f ! *ief ( ! ord]1 & a summ>y analysis w suffice = ?is4 ,9 ! ,?orie des quatre ,m\vem5ts1 ,m4 ,f\ri] writes2 ,t ! anci5t philosoph]s ( ,greece & ,rome %\ld h disda9$ ! int]e/s ( wom5 is by no means surpris+1 s9ce ^! rhetoricians 7 all ultra p>tisans ( ! p$]a/y :i* !y _h br\ght 9 high honor 9 la belle antiquit4 ,!y ca/ ridicule ^u ! associat+ ) wom52 ?is passion 0 consid]$ di%onorable4444 ,^! mann]s obta9$ ! unanim\s suffrage ( ! philosoph]s :o1 f ! virtu\s ,socrates to ! delicate ,anacreon1 affect$ ,sodomiti% love alone & contempt = wom51 :o 7 bani%$ to ! upp] ap>tm5ts1 immur$ z 9 a s]aglio1 & exil$ f ! society ( m54 ,^! fanta/ic ta/es n hav+ f\nd favor among ! mod]ns1 !re is reason = surprise t our philosoph]s %\ld h inh]it$ ! hatr$ t ! anci5t s*ol>s bore to wom51 & t !y %\ld cont9ue to disp>age ! sex on acc\nt ( a few wiles to :i* woman is =c$ by ! oppression :i* weighs ^u h]2 = e ^w or ?\ght 9 con=mity ) ! voice ( nature is made 9 h] a crime4 ,:at c be m inconsi/5t ?an ! op9ion ( ,did]ot1 :o pret5ds t1 to write to woman1 "o has only to dip 8 p5 9 ! ra9b[1 & spr9kle ! writ+ ) du/ f butt]flies' w+s8 ,wom5 might reply to ! philosoph]3 ,y\r civilization p]secutes u z soon z we obey nature2 we are oblig$ to assume a fictiti\s "* & to li/5 to impulses contr>y to our desires4 ,to give u a reli% = ?is doctr9e1 y are =c$ to br+ 9 play deceitful illusions & language1 z y d ) respect to ! soldi] :om y cradle 9 laurels & immortality to div]t 8 ?\ghts f 8 wret*$ condition4 ,if he 7 truly happy1 he w\ld welcome ! pla9 & tru?ful language :i* y take c>e n to address to him4 ,x is ! same ) wom52 if !y 7 free & happy1 !y w\ld be less eag] = illusions & cajol]ies1 & x w\ld no long] be necess>y 9 writ+ to !m to place ra9b[s & butt]flies' w+s "u contribution4 ,:5 x 7,philosophy7 rails at ! vices ( wom51 x criticises itself2 ?is x is t produces ^! vices by a social sy/em :i*1 repress+ _! faculties f _! infancy & ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( _! life1 =ces !m to h rec\rse to fraud 9 ord] to yield to nature4 ,to attempt to judge ( wom5 by ! vici\s "* :i* !y display 9 civilization is l attempt+ to judge ( human nature by ! "* ( ! ,russian peasant1 :o is de/itute ( all ideas ( honor & lib]ty2 or l judg+ ! beav] by ! /upidity :i* !y %[ :5 dome/icat$1 :il/ 9 a condition ( lib]ty comb9$ ) labor1 !y become ! mo/ intellig5t ( all quadrup$s4 ,! same contra/ w reign betwe5 ! wom5 :o are slaves ( civilization & ^? :o are free 9 ! comb9$ ord]2 !y w surpass m5 9 indu/rial devotion1 9 loyalty1 9 nobl5ess2 b outside ( ! free & comb9$ /ate1 woman1 l ! dome/icat$ beav] or ! ,russian peasant1 becomes a be+ s inf]ior to h] de/9y & tal5ts t we are incl9$ to despise h] :5 judg+ h] sup]ficially accord+ to appe>ances4 ,x is a surpris+ ?+ t wom5 %\ld h always %[n !mselves sup]ior to m5 :5 !y h _h x 9 _! p[] to display on ! ?rone _! natural tal5ts1 ( :i* ! diadem assur$ !m a free use4 ,is x n c]ta9 t ( eight que5s1 indep5d5t & unm>ri$1 sev5 w be f\nd to h reign$ ) glory1 :ile ( eight k+s1 we c\nt habitually sev5 feeble sov]eigns4 444 ,! ,elizabe?s & ,ca!r9es did n make w> 9 p]son1 b !y knew h[ to *oose _! g5]als2 & x is en\gh t ^! are good4 ,9 e o!r bran* ( adm9i/ration1 has n woman giv5 lessons to man8 ,:at pr9ce has surpass$ 9 firmness ,m>ia ,!resa :o1 9 a disa/r\s mom5t1 :5 ! fidelity ( h] subjects 0 tott]+ & h] m9i/]s 7 /ruck ) t]ror1 und]took h]self alone to inspire all ) new c\rage8 ,%e intimidat$ by h] pres5ce1 ! disaffect$ ,diet ( ,hung>y2 %e h>angu$ ! ,magnates 9 ! ,lat9 tongue1 & br\ght h] v enemies to swe> on _! sabres to die = h]4 ,?is is an indication ( ! prodigies t w\ld be wr\ght by fem99e emulation 9 a social ord] :i* w\ld p]mit free scope to h] faculties4 ,& y1 ! oppress+ sex1--w\ld y n g beyond ! faults imput$ to wom5 if y1 l !m1 _h be5 m\ld$ by a s]vile education to believe y\rselves automatons creat$ to obey prejudices & to cr+e be=e ! ma/] :om *ance _h giv5 y8 ,h we n se5 y\r pret5sions to sup]iority conf\nd$ by ,ca?>9e1 :o trampl$ "u foot ! mascul9e sex8 ,9 creat+ titl$ favorites1 %e trail$ man 9 ! du/1 & prov$ t x is possible = him 9 full lib]ty to abase himself b5ea? woman1 ^: degradation is =c$1 & consequ5tly1 excusable4 ,x w\ld be necess>y1 to conf\nd ! tyranny ( man t1 = ! space ( a c5tury1 a ?ird sex %\ld exi/1 :i* %\ld be bo? male & female1 & /rong] ?an man4 ,?is new sex w\ld prove by d9t ( bl[s t m5 z well z wom5 7 made = its pleasures2 !n we %\ld he> m5 prote/ aga9/ ! tyranny ( ! h]maphrodite sex1 & confess t =ce ought n to be ! sole law ( "r4 ,n[ :y are ^! privileges1 ?is indep5d5ce1 :i* !y w\ld reclaim f ?is ?ird sex1 refus$ by !m to wom54 ,9 s+l+ out ^? wom5 :o h _h p[] to so>1 f ! virago1 l ,m>ia ,!resia1 to ^? ( a g5tl] type1 l ! ,n9ons & ! ,svigns1 ,i am au?oriz$ 9 say+ t woman1 9 a /ate ( lib]ty1 w surpass man 9 all functions ( ! m9d & body :i* are n ! attributes ( physical /r5g?4 ,man seems already to =esee ?is2 he becomes indignant & al>m$ :5 wom5 give ! lie to ! prejudice t accuses !m ( inf]iority4 ,mascul9e jeal\sy has especially brok5 out aga9/ wom5 au?ors2 philosophy has kept !m out ( academic honors1 & has s5t !m back ignom9i\sly to ! h\sehold4444 7p4 #adh47 ,:at is _! exi/5ce to-day 7t ( wom578 ,!y exi/ 9 privations alone1 ev5 9 ! trades1 9 :i* man has encroa*$ on ev]y?+1 ev5 to ! m9ute/ occupations ( ! ne$le & ! p51 :ile wom5 are se5 employ$ 9 ! toilsome labors ( ! field4 ,is x n sc&al\s to see a?letes ?irty ye>s old squatt$ be=e a desk1 or c>ry+ a cup ( c(fee ) muscul> arms1 z if !re 7 n wom5 & *ildr5 en\gh to att5d to ! m9or details ( ! c\nt+-room & ! h\sehold4 ,:at !n are ! means ( subsi/5ce = wom5 de/itute ( =tune8 ,! di/aff1 or else _! *>ms if !y h any4 ,yes1 pro/itution m or less gloss$ ov] is _! only res\rce1 :i* philosophy aga9 conte/s to !m2 ?is is ! abject fate to :i* !y are r$uc$ by ?is civilization1 ?is conjugal slav]y :i* !y h n ev5 ?\ght ( attack+4 7p4 #aej47 ,f\ri] bitt]ly reproa*es wom5 au?ors = hav+ neglect$ to seek ! means :]eby to put an end to su* a /ate ( affairs1 & adds ) great reason3 ,_! indol5ce 9 ?is respect is "o ( ! causes t h accru$ f ! contempt ( man4 ,! slave is nev] m contemptible ?an by a bl9d submission :i* p]suades ! oppressor t 8 victim 0 born = slav]y41 7p4 #aej74 ,f\ri] is "r1 b 444 to elevate o!rs is to risk be+ lo/ "o's self 9 ! cr[d2 & e "o is n capable ( ?is degree ( abnegation4 ,to combat = ! "r ( ! weak :5 m5 h admitt$ y to _! ranks1 is to prep>e = y\rself a r\gh way & a heavy cross4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 y are expos$ to ! hatr$ & raill]y ( m51 !n half-cultur$ wom5 corrod$ by jeal\sy1 inv5t a ?\s& calumnies = y\r de/ruction2 !y feign to be sc&aliz$ t a woman d>e prote/ aga9/ ! inf]iority & use ( h] sex2 !y ent] into league ) ! ma/]s1 clamor l\d] ?an !y & satirize y )\t m]cy4 ,n[ all wom5 are n made to %rug _! %\ld]s 9 ! face ( ?is cohort ( morbid m9ds 444 !y love peace too well1 !y lack c\rage1 & !y d n c>e en\gh = ju/ice2 is x n s1 ladies8 ,let u return to ,f\ri]4 ,x is kn[n t he admits sev]al social p]iods4 ,accord+ to him1 ! pivot ( ea* ( !m h+es on love & ! degree ( lib]ty ( woman4 ,z a g5]al rule1 he says1 social progress & *anges ( ! p]iod w be wr\ght 9 proportion to ! progress ( wom5 t[>ds lib]ty1 & ! decay ( ! social ord] w be wr\ght 9 proportion to ! decl9e ( ! lib]ty ( wom54 ,9 ano!r place1 he adds 9 speak+ ( philosoph]s3 ,if !y treat ( morals1 !y =get to recognize & to claim ! rights ( ! weak] sex1 ! oppression ( :i* de/roys ! basis ( ju/ice4 ,he says aga91 else:]e3 ,n[1 ,god recognizes z lib]ty only t :i* is ext5d$ to bo? sexes1 & n to "o alone2 s he has prescrib$ t all ! g]ms ( social evils1 z ! savage /ate1 b>b>ism1 civilization1 %\ld h no o!r pivot ?an ! en?rallm5t ( wom52 & t all ! g]ms ( social good1 z ! six?1 sev5? & eigh? p]iod1 %\ld h no o!r pivot1 no o!r compass1 ?an ! progressive affran*isem5t ( ! weak] sex4 ,f\ri] is reproa*$ ) hav+ desir$ ! emancipation ( woman 9 love2 no?+ is m true4 ,b to impute ?is to him z immorality1 m5 mu/ c5sure _! own morals4 ,n[1 ^! g5tlem5 consid]+ !mselves z :olly pure1 ?\gh !mselves repres5t+ ! butt]fly 9 love1 infidelity & ! simultane\s possession ( sev]al wom5 be+ only a pa/ime to !m1 ,i d n really see :at !y c blame 9 ,f\ri]4 ,ei!r :at !y d is "r1 & !re=e _c be wrong 9 woman2 ,or :at !y d is wrong2 !n :y d !y d x8 ,f\ri] believ$ 9 ! unity ( ! moral law & 9 ! equality ( ! sexes2 he believ$ 9 ! lawfulness ( ! morals ( ^! g5tlem51 m9us p]fidy & hypocrisy2 ?is is ! reason t he claims emancipation 9 love = woman3 he is logical4 ,besides1 he repeats cont9ually t ! e?ics t he depicts w\ld cause disord] 9 ! civiliz$ p]iod2 & t !y c only be e/abli%$ progressively 9 subsequ5t p]iods4 ,_m among ! ,phalan/]ians reject ,f\ri]'s e?ics ) respect to love z well z 8 ,!odicy1 & ,i myself h he>d sev]al disc\rses 9 :i* ! orator condemn$1 n only falsity 9 conjugal relations1 b also loos5ess ( morals4 ,f\ri] & ! ,sa9t ,simonian or?odoxy h bo? be5 guilty ( ! same error ) reg>d to ! emancipation ( woman2 b1 m51 ,i repeat1 mu/ be v audaci\s to impute x to !m z a crime1 s9ce !y indulge !mselves 9 worse2 z to wom51 su/a9$ & lov$ by ^! re=m]s1 let !m imitate ! pi\s conduct ( ,%em & ,japhet2 "o owes respect to 8 fa!r1 :atev] may be ! idea or ! w9e ) :i* he is drunk54 ,n[ t we h cit$ ! ma/]1 let u enum]ate ! pr9cipal po9ts ( ! ,f\ri]i/ doctr9e1 t\*+ ! lib]ty ( woman & ! equality ( ! sexes3 #a4 ,man & woman are compos$ ( ! same physical1 moral & intellectual elem5ts2 !re is1 !re=e1 betwe5 ! sexes1 id5tity ( nature4 #b4 ,! proportion ( ^! elem5ts diff]s 9 ! two sexes1 & con/itutes ! diff]5ce t exi/s betwe5 !m4 #c4 ,?is diff]5ce is s equaliz$ t ! value %all be equal4 ,:]e man is ! /rong]1 he takes prec$5ce ( woman2 :]e woman is /rong]1 %e takes prec$5ce ( man4 #d4 ,man belongs to ! major mode3 he has ! asc5d5cy ov] woman 9 intellect1 9 logic1 9 ! l>g] manufactures1 9 fri5d%ip2 x belongs to him !re=e to create positive sci5ce1 to connect facts1 to regulate comm]cial relations1 to b9d toge!r int]e/s1 & to organize gr\ps & s]ies4 ,to all ^! ?+s1 woman br+s h] indisp5sable aid1 b by reason ( h] aptitudes1 h] s]vices are only second>y !re94 #e4 ,woman belongs to ! m9or mode2 %e has ! asc5d5cy ov] man 9 ! k9d ( intellect t applies & adapts1 9 ! intuition t puts man on ! track ( ! good to :i* mascul9e logic %\ld atta92 9 ! sph]e ( mat]nity 9 :i* %e presides ov] education1 = %e compreh5ds ! means to be employ$ to ameliorate ! species 9 e respect bett] ?an man2 9 ! sph]e ( love 9 :i* %e has ! "r & ! p[] to civilize & ref9e ! relations ( ! sexes2 & to /imulate man to conque/ ( ! intellect1 to ! amelioration ( ! physical conditions ( ! globe1 ( indu/ry1 ( art1 ( social relations1 etc4 ,woman int]v5es to a c]ta9 po9t 9 ! major mode1 s does man ent] into ! m9or mode1 9 :i* 8 cop]ation is indisp5sable4 ,?us1 9 g5]al1 9 man ! head pr$om9ates1 9 woman1 ! he>t2 b z bo? h a he>t & a head1 man1 ?r\gh 8 he>t1 becomes an aid 9 ! m9or mode1 & woman1 ?r\gh h] head1 becomes an aid 9 ! major mode4 #f4 ,!re are m5 :o are wom5 bo? 9 head & 9 he>t2 wom5 :o are m5 bo? 9 he>t & 9 head2 9 humanity !y =m ! eigh? ( an exception4 ,full lib]ty & "r are grant$ to !m4 #g4 ,ea* memb] ( ! ,phalan/]y foll[s 8 vocation1 obeys 8 attractions1 = attractions are proportional to de/9ies4 ,!re=e ! eigh? ( an exception 9 bo? sexes1 hav+ an attraction t[>ds labors t belong m especially to ! o!r sex1 is at lib]ty to yield to !m4 #h4 ,all major m5 & wom5 h an equal vote4 #i4 ,all matt]s are regulat$ by *iefs ( bo? sexes1 *os5 by ! free vote ( bo? sexes4 #aj4 ,all (fices1 f ! presid5cy ( ! gr\p to t ( ! globe1 are fill$ jo9tly by m5 & wom51 :o divide betwe5 !m ! details ( ?is common function4 #aa4 ,! "m is ! in/ructress ( h] *ildr52 !y belong to h] alone2 ! fa!r has no rights ov] !m unless ! "m *ooses to conf] ^! on him4 ,su* is ! summ>y ( ! ,f\ri]i/ doctr9e on ! subject ( :i* we treat4 ,if ! ,societ>y ,s*ool has n rea*$ p]fect tru?1 x mu/ be at lea/ ackn[l$g$ t x has tak5 ! "r way to atta9 x4 ,:e!r its !ory ( ! classification & ! pr$om9ance ( faculties 9 con=mity ) ! sexes be exact or n1 ! error w n be productive ( mis*iev\s results 9 practice4 ,woman be+ free to foll[ h] aptitudes1 be+ half 9 rights & functions1 c\ld always place h]self 9 ! exceptional eigh?1 )\t fe> ( enc\nt]+ jeal\s individuals1 bett] fitt$ ?an h]self to w>ble 9 ! m9or key1 :o w\ld s5d h] back to ! duties ( ! h\sehold4 ,i rememb]1 9 ?is connection1 a c]ta9 advocate1 by no means fem99e1 pr(ess+ a sup]b disda9 ( ! sex to :i* 8 "m belong$1 wor?y 9 a ^w1 to be ! disciple ( ,p4 ,j4 ,pr\dhon2 w\ld y "k :at ?is man _h reta9$ ( all 8 lessons 9 law8 ,! art ( sweep+ a room prop]ly1 ( poli%+ furniture1 ( hemm+ napk9s & pocket h&k]*iefs neatly1 & ( comp\nd+ sauces4 ,d y n ?9k1 illu/ri\s ,pr\dhon1 t he might h be5 advis$ ) m ju/ice to g & iron 8 coll>s1 ?an c]ta9 wom5 :o write good articles on ,philosophy4 ,b let u return to ,f\ri]4 ,among ! ,sociali/ ,s*ools1 t ( ,f\ri] occupies a di/+ui%$ place2 x is ! "o mo/ des]v+ ( ! gratitude ( wom5 ?r\gh ! pr9ciples t x has laid d[n4 ,be x und]/ood1 we sep>ate 9 ?is connection ! pr9ciples ( ,lib]ty & ,equality f all t relates to ! "q ( e?ics1 :i* we _c resolve 9 ! same mann] z ,f\ri]1 any m = woman ?an man4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,summ>y4 ,appe>1 all ye mod]n innovators1 be=e y\r judge1 ! public4 ,sum up y\r op9ions4 ,,communi/4 ,! two sexes diff]1 d n p]=m ! same functions1 b !y are equal be=e ! law4 ,= woman to be really emancipat$1 society mu/ be rem\ld$ economically1 & m>riage suppress$4 ,,philadelphian ,,& ,,ic>ian4 ,we are ( y\r op9ion1 bro!r1 except 9 :at conc]ns m>riage4 ,,or?odox ,,/4 ,,simonian4 ,if ,*ri/ianity has despis$ & oppress$ woman1 x has be5 because1 9 its sight1 %e repres5t$ matt]1 ! _w1 evil4 ,we1 :o are come to give ! true mean+ ( ! ,tr9ity1 rehabilitate or expla9 :at our pr$ecessors h condemn$4 ,woman is ! equal ( man1 because 9 ,god1 :o comprises ev]y?+1 matt] is equal to _s4 ,) man1 woman =ms ! c\ple :i* is ! social individual1 ! function>y4 ,z woman is v diff]5t f man1 we d n take ! lib]ty ( judg+ h]2 we cont5t ourselves ) summon+ h] t %e may reveal h]self4 ,not)/&+ we ?9k t %e c only be affran*is$ by be+ emancipat$ 9 love4 ,,pi]re ,,l]\x agitat$4 ,take c>e6 ,x is n s mu* 9 sex t woman %\ld be affran*is$2 x is only 9 h] quality ( wife & human be+4 ,%e has sex only = him %e loves2 to all o!r m5 %e is :at !y are !mselves3 s5sation1 s5tim5t1 s5se4 ,%e mu/ be free 9 m>riage & 9 ! commonweal? z man himself %\ld be4 ,,fusioni/ int]rupt+ him4 ,y are "r1 ,pi]re ,l]\x2 yet nei!r is ! previ\s speak] :olly wrong2 woman is free & ! equal ( man 9 ev]y?+1 because _s & matt] are equal 9 ,god2 because ! man & ! woman =m toge!r ! human &rogynus1 ! d]ivation ( ! div9e &rogynus4 ,x is n s1 my de> si/]8 ,,myself4 ,excuse me1 bro!rs1 f jo9+ 9 y\r !ological discussion2 my w+s are n /rong en\gh to foll[ y into ! bosom ( ,god1 9 ord] to assure myself :e!r he is _s or matt]1 &rogynus or n1 b9>y1 tr9>y1 qu>t]n>y1 or no?+ ( all ^!4 ,x is en\gh = me t y all grant t woman %\ld be free1 & ! equal ( man4 ,i p]mit myself only a s+le obs]vation2 t y\r notion ( ! c\ple or ( ! &rogynus1 at ! bottom "o & ! same ?+1 t5ds fatally to ! subjugation ( my sex2 if1 by a metaphor1 a fiction1 we make ( two be+s1 end[$ ea* ) a sep>ate w1 free-w & intellect1 a s+le unity2 9 social practice1 ?is unity is manife/$ by a s+le w1 a s+le free-w1 a s+le intellect1 & ! individuality t prevails 9 our society is t :i* is end[$ ) /r5g? ( arm2 ! o!r is annihilat$1 & ! "r giv5 to ! c\ple is 9 reality only ! "r ( ! /rong]4 ,! use t ,m4 ,pr\dhon has made ( &rogyny ought to cure y ( ?is fancy2 z ! use :i* y\r pr$ecessors made ( ! t]n>y ought to h pres]v$ y f tr9it>y metaphysics4 ,be x said )\t (f5ce to y1 g5tlem51 ,i h a decid$ antipa?y to any tr9ities & &rogynies :atsoev]2 ,i am a sworn enemy to all metaphysics1 :e!r pr(ane or sacr$1--a con/itutional vice1 aggravat$ 9 me by ,kant & 8 s*ool4 ,,phalan/]ian4 ,= ,god's sake1 g5tlem51 let u quit ?is my/icism4 ,man & woman are diff]5t1 b ! "o is z necess>y z ! o!r to ! great "w t %\ld be accompli%$ by humanity2 !re=e !y are equal4 ,z ea* individual has a "r to develop himself integrally1 to manife/ himself completely 9 ord] to p]=m ! p>cell>y task :i* 8 attractions assign to him1 ! lib]ty ( "o sex c no m be call$ 9 "q ?an c t ( ! o!r4 ,man modulates 9 major1 woman 9 m9or1 ) an exceptional eigh?2 b1 z 9 all ! g5]al functions1 ! comb9ation ( ! two modes is necess>y1 x is evid5t t ea* ( !m ought to be d\ble1 & t woman ought ev]y:]e to be equal ) man4 ,m4 ,,de ,,gir>d9 some:at abruptly4 ,g5tlem51 ,i agree ) y t woman ought to be free & equal ) man2 only ,i ma9ta9 t h] function is to manage1 to economize1 & to re> h] *ildr51 :ile man labors & br+s into ! h\sehold ! product ( 8 indu/ry4 ,z ,i wi% woman to be fre$ f s]vitude & all *ildr5 to be r5d]$ legitimate1 ,i suppress civil m>riage1 & in/itute univ]sal d[ry4 ,m4 ,,leg\ve smil+4 ,y g too fa/ & too f>1 my de> sir1 y w fright5 ev]ybody4 ,at lea/1 ,i believe l y 9 ! equality ( ! sexes ?r\gh ! equival5ce ( _! functions1 b ,i take good c>e n to brea! a ^w ( x4 ,i cont5t myself ) claim+ = woman in/ruction1 dim9ution ( conjugal s]vitude1 & (fices ( *>ity2 c\nt+1 betwe5 ourselves1 t ^! victories obta9$1 wom5 w be 9 a position ?r\gh _! education & prov$ utility1 to affran*ise !mselves completely4 ,well6 despite my res]ve & mod]ation1 y see t "s call me effem9ate1 o!rs sans culotte4 ,m4 ,,mi*elet1 ris+ ) te>s 9 8 eyes4 ,alas1 g5tlem51 y are all 9 ! wrong road2 & ,i am v sorry1 my belov$ academician ,leg\v1 to see y employ y\r elegant p5 9 lead+ woman 9 s p]il\s & irrational a way4 ,z to y1 g5tlem51 :o lay claim to lib]ty & equality ( rights = woman1 y are n au?oriz$ by h] to d s2 %e dem&s no "r1 :at %\ld %e d ) x--a be+ always feeble1 always sick1 always w\nd$4 ,poor creature6 ,:at c be h] rle "h bel[1 if n to be ador$ by h] husb&1 ^: duty x is to con/itute himself h] in/ructor1 h] physician1 h] confessor1 h] sick nurse1 h] wait+-maid2 to keep h] 9 a hot-h\se1 & ) all ^! multipli$ c>es to e>n beside ! daily bread2 = woman _c1 ought n to "w2 %e is ! love & ! alt> ( ! he>t ( man4 ,"s among y h d>$ utt] ! vile ^w3 ,divorce4 ,no divorce6 ,! woman :o has giv5 h]self away1 has receiv$ ! impr9t ( man4 ,y %\ld n ab&on h]1 h[ev] guilty %e may be4 ,i ?\ght 9 ! beg9n+ t aft] y\r dea? %e ought to we> m\rn+ to ! tomb1 beyond :i*1 %e & h] husb& w\ld be fus$ into ! unity ( love4 ,b ,i h ?\ght bett] ( x2 y may appo9t a successor4 ,:ile ,mi*elet is seat+ himself1 wip+ 8 eyes1 ! lid ( a c(f9 is se5 to rise1 & ,comte exclaims 9 a sepul*ral tone3 ,wor?ily & admirably spok51 illu/ri\s pr(essor6 ,:at6 y "h8 exclaims ! assembly4 ,!n "o does n p]i% entirely1 z y taught y\r disciples8 ,,comte4 ,no1 g5tlem51 & ,i 0 v agreeably surpris$ to see myself mi/ak54 ,b x is n to in/ruct y ab\t ! life beyond ! tomb t ,i return2 t w\ld n h be5 wor? ! tr\ble ( di/urb+ myself4 ,x is to express to ! great pr(essor ,mi*elet all ! satisfaction t ,i feel 9 see+ him s ri*ly poetise ! ideal t ,i set up1 & /rew s _m fl[]s ov] ! admirable maxim ( ,ari/otle & ! comm&m5t ( ! great ,/4 ,paul4 ,yes1 ?rice illu/ri\s ,ma/]1 y h rightly said3 woman is made = man1 %e %\ld obey him1 be devot$ to him2 %e is only a doll 9 private life1 absolutely no?+ 9 public life4 ,yes1 m5 %\ld labor = h]2 yes1 m>riage is indissoluble2 all ?is is irreproa*able4 ,,augu/e ,,comtism4 ,i regret b "o ?+--t y h n pres]v$ ! ejaculatory orisons ( ! wife to ! husb&1 & ( ! husb& to ! wife2 x w\ld h be5 a good example & h made a f9e effect to see !m e morn+ kneel+ face to face1 ) clasp$ h&s & clos$ eyes4 ,i hope t ?is is only =getfulness1 & t y w re/abli% ?is detail 9 y\r next edition4 ,i congratulate y op5ly on ! happy ?\ght t y h conceiv$ ( ju/ify+ ! absorption ( woman by man by aid ( a w\nd & ! my/]ies ( impregnation2 ?is w h a great effect on ! ignorant4 ,rebelli\s wom51 & ! madm5 ) corrupt he>ts :o su/a9 !m1 say t y are a poetic & +5u\s egoti/1 t our belov$ ,pr\dhon is a brutal egoti/2 t ,i am an egoti/ by ,a ,b4 ,let !m say s2 ,i approve & bless y4 ,! app>ition 0 prep>+ to lie d[n aga9 9 8 c(f9 :51 hav+ a passion = enc\nt]+ phantoms1 ,i seiz$ a corn] ( 8 w9d+ %eet1 &1 not)/&+ an unequivocal sign f him ( vade retro1 ,i _h ! c\rage to repres5t humbly to ! defunct high prie/ t ! br[ ( ,m4 ,pr\dhon des]v$ q z mu* to be bless$ z t ( ,m4 ,mi*elet4 ,! defunct gravely cross$ 8 fle%less =e f+] & ?umb ov] ! haughty & irrev]5t head ( ! great critic1 :o nei!r b[$ nor seem$ inf9itely flatt]$4 ,x be+ 8 turn to speak1 ,pr\dhon rose & said3 ,g5tlem5 ,communi/s1 ,philadelphians1 ,fusioni/s1 ,phalan/]ians1 ,sa9t ,simonians1 & y1 ,,mm4 ,gir>d9 & ,leg\v1 z well z all ( y\r adh]5ts1 y are all effem9ate1 m5 h>d5$ 9 absurdity4 ,if my fri5d ,mi*elet has gild$1 p]fum$ & sug>$ ! pill = y1 ,i _c imitate 8 address & mod]ation1 = y "k t 9 temp]am5t ,i1 ,p4 ,j4 ,pr\dhon1 am nei!r t5d] nor poetical4 ,p]mit me !n r\ghly to tell y ! tru? conc]n+ a "q ( :i* y d n und]/& ! fir/ ^w4 ,! ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,?omas d',aqu9as1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ,augu/e ,comte1 z well z ! ,romans1 ! ,greeks1 ,manu & ,mahomet tea* t woman is made = ! pleasure & use ( man1 & t %e %\ld be subject$ to him2 n[ ,i h suffici5tly e/abli%$ ^! great tru?s by affirmations )\t reply4 ,x is demon/rat$ to-day1 !re=e1 to all :o believe 9 me t woman is a passive be+1 hav+ ! g]m ( no?+1 :o owes ev]y?+ to man1 & t1 consequ5tly1 %e belongs to him z ! "w to ! workman4 ,le/ my solution might appe> some:at h>% to y1 or to savor too mu* ( antiquity ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ,i h borr[$ ( ! mod]n innovators _! f>ce ( ,&rogyny2 ,i h made ! c\ple ! organ ( ,ju/ice2 9 ?is c\ple1 woman1 trans=m$ by man1 becomes a triple deity1 a dome/ic idol1 subject 9 ev]y?+ to h] prie/4 ,i %ut h] up 9 ! h\sehold1 & p]mit h] to h only ! sup]9t5d5ce ( fe/ivals & spectacles1 ! education ( *ildr5 & maid5s1 etc4 ,is x n evid5t1 g5tlem51 t woman1 because %e is weak] ?an we1 is1 by ju/ice1 condemn$ to obey u1 & t h] lib]ty consi/s 9 exp]i5c+ no amor\s emotion1 ev5 = h] husb&8 ,is x n evid5t1 9 consequ5ce1 t y1 :o d n ?9k z ,i1 are effem9ate1 absurd m51 & t ! wom5 :o are no m will+ to be slaves ?an we 7 9 '#hi are insurg5ts1 impure wom5 :om s9 has r5d]$ mad8 ,! majority ( ! assembly laugh2 ,de ,gir>d9 %rugs 8 %\ld]s2 ,leg\v bites 8 lip 9 ord] n to laugh2 ,mi*elet appe>s tr\bl$ at ?is sally :i* may spoil ev]y?+4 ,z1 9 utt]+ ! ^w insurg5t1 ! orator glances at me ) m>k$ design1 ,i _c help say+ yes1 ,i des]ve ! "n ( insurg5t l our fa!rs ( '#hi4 ,z to y1 if y d n am5d1 ,i fe> greatly t ,i %all see y die duly confess$ & bless$ ) extreme unction 444 & y w h well des]v$ x6 ,n[1 g5tlem51 let u asc]ta9 ! vote ( y\r honorable assembly4 ,f\r s*ools1--! ,communi/s1 ! ,/4 ,simonians1 ! ,fusionians & ! ,phalan/]ians1--) "o publici/1 ,m4 de ,gir>d91 :o makes z mu* noise by himself alone z a :ole s*ool1 are = ! lib]ty ( woman & ! equality ( ! sexes4 ,,mm4 ,comte1 ,pr\dhon & ,mi*elet are aga9/ ! lib]ty ( wom5 & ! equality ( ! sexes4 ,m4 ,leg\v & 8 innum]able adh]5ts wi% lib]ty = woman1 & desire t %e %\ld labor to become equal to man ?r\gh equival5ce ( functions4 ,:i* means t ! great majority ( ^? :o ?9k are1 9 diff]5t degrees1 = our emancipation4 ,n[ t my read]s are acqua9t$ ) y\r sev]al op9ions1 g5tlem51 x belongs to me1 a woman1 to speak myself 9 behalf ( my "r1 )\t lean+ on any?+ b ,ju/ice & ,reason4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,objections ,,to ,,! ,,emancipation ,,( ,,woman4 ,,nature ,,& ,,functions ,,( ,,woman4 ,,love4 ,,m>riage4 ,,legal ,,re=ms4 ,,summ>y4 ,,objections ,,to ,,! ,,emancipation ,,( ,,wom54 ,i4 ,:at argum5ts d ! adv]s>ies ( ! emancipation ( wom5 use to refute ! equality ( ! rights ( ! sexes8 ,"s1 !osophi/s ( ! old s*ool1 claim t "o half ( humanity is condemn$ by ,god himself to submit to ! o!r half1 because1 !y say1 ! fir/ woman s9n$4 ,n wi%+ to dep>t f ! firm gr\nd ( ju/ice1 reason & prov$ facts1 we w n argue ) ?is class ( adv]s>ies4 ,o!rs1 :o claim to be imbu$ ) ! mod]n _s1 & pret5d to be disciples ( ! doctr9es ( lib]ty1 condemn woman to inf]iority & ob$i5ce because1 !y say1 %e is weak] physically & intellectually ?an man2 ,because %e p]=ms functions ( an inf]ior ord]2 ,because %e produces less ?an man 9 an indu/rial po9t ( view2 ,because h] peculi> temp]am5t prev5ts h] f p]=m+ c]ta9 functions2 ,because %e is only fit = 9-door life2 because h] vocation is to be "m & h\sewife1 to devote h]self entirely to h] husb& & *ildr52 ,because man protects & supports h]2 ,because man is h] proxy1 & ex]cises rights bo? = h] & himself2 ,because woman has no m "t ?an capacity to ex]cise c]ta9 rights4 ,! rights ( woman are 9 h] beauty & our love1 add "s1 gallantly4 ,woman does n claim h] rights2 _m wom5 !mselves are sc&aliz$ by ! dem&s made by a few ( _! sex1 cont9ue o!r m54 ,& !y sp>e ! c\rage\s wom5 :o plead ! cause ( "r1 & ! m5 :o su/a9 !m nei!r calumnies1 nor mock]y1 nor insult1 hop+ to intimidate ! =m] & disgu/ ! latt]4 ,va9 hope6 ! "t 9 :i* we c\ld be intimidat$ has gone by4 ,if x is ju/ifiable to fe> ! op9ion ( ^? :om we deem ju/] & m intellig5t ?an ourselves1 x w\ld be folly to be di/urb$ by ^? ^: irrationality & inju/ice we feel able to demon/rate4 ,?is d\ble demon/ration we are ab\t to attempt1 tak+ up "o by "o ! argum5ts ( ^! g5tlem54 #a4 ,woman _c h ! same rights z man1 because %e is inf]ior to him 9 intellectual faculties1 y say4 ,f ?is proposition1 we h a "r to conclude t y consid] ! human faculties z ! basis ( "r2 ,t1 ! law proclaim+ equality ( "r = y\r sex1 y are all equal 9 qualities1 all alike /rong & alike intellig5t4 ,t1 la/ly1 no woman is z /rong & z intellig5t z y2 ,i _c say1 z ! lea/ among y1 s9ce1 if "r is f\nd$ on qualities1 z x is equal1 y\r qualities mu/ be equal4 ,n[ g5tlem51 :at becomes ( ^! pret5sions 9 ! pres5ce ( facts t %[ y all unequal 9 /r5g? & 9 intellect8 ,:at becomes ( ^! pret5sions 9 ! pres5ce ( facts t %[ u a ho/ ( wom5 /rong] ?an _m m52 a ho/ ( wom5 m intellig5t ?an ! great mass ( m58 ,be+ unequal 9 /r5g? & 9 intellect1 & not)/&+ decl>$ equal 9 "r1 x is evid5t !re=e t y h n f\nd$ "r on qualities4 ,& if y h n tak5 ^! qualities into acc\nt :5 y\r "r has be5 9 "q1 :y !n d y talk s l\dly ( !m :5 ! "q is t ( ! "r ( woman4 ,if ! faculties 7 ! basis ( "r1 z ! faculties are unequal1 ! "r w\ld be unequal2 &1 to be j1 x w\ld be necess>y to accord "r to ^? :o made good _! claims to ! necess>y faculties & to exclude ! re/2 by ?is /&>d _m wom5 w\ld be *os5 & an inf9ite numb] ( m5 exclud$4 ,see :]e we end :5 we h n ! intellectual en]gy to take pr9ciples into consid]ation6 ,y h b "o means ( evict+ u ( equality2 namely1 to prove t we d n belong to ! same species z y4 #b4 ,woman1 y add1 _c h ! same rights z man because1 z "m & h\sewife1 %e p]=ms only functions ( an inf]ior ord]4 ,f ?is second proposition1 we h a "r to conclude t functions are ! basis ( "r2 ,t y\r functions are equival5t1 s9ce y\r "r is equal6 ,t ! functions ( woman are n equival5t to ^? ( man4 ,y h to prove !n1 g5tlem51 t ! functions individually p]=m$ by ea* ( y are equival5t2 t1 = example1 ,cuvi]1 ,ge(froy ,/4 ,hilaire1 ,arago1 ,fulton1 ,jacqu>d1 & o!r inv5tors & s*ol>s h n done m1 are n do+ m = humanity & civilization ?an an equal numb] ( manufactur]s ( p9s' heads4 ,y h to prove next t ! labors ( mat]nity1 ^? ( ! h\sehold to :i* ! workman owes 8 life1 8 heal?1 8 /r5g?1 ! possibility ( accompli%+ 8 task--t ^! functions )\t :i* !re w\ld be no humanity1 are n equival5t2 t is1 z useful to ! social body z ^? ( ! manufactur] ( jewels or ( toys4 ,y h to prove la/ly t ! functions ( ! female tea*]1 m]*ant1 book keep]1 cl]k1 dressmak]1 mill9]1 cook1 wait+-maid1 etc41 are n equival5t to ^? ( ! male tea*]1 m]*ant1 acc\ntant1 cl]k1 cook1 tailor1 hatt]1 footman1 etc42 ,i grant t x is emb>rass+ to y\r triumphant argum5t to enc\nt] ! ?\s&s ( facts :i* %[ u ! real woman p]=m+ num]\s functions 9 competition ) y2 ,s x is1 & ^! facts mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,b g5tlem51 ,i h y 9 a dilemma6 if functions are ! basis ( "r1 z "r is equal1 functions are equival5t2 9 :i* case ^? p]=m$ by woman are n inf]ior1 s9ce none are s4 ,! functions :i* %e p]=ms are !re=e equival5t to y\rs1 &1 by ?is equival5ce1 %e aga9 becomes equal4 ,or else functions are n ! basis ( "r2 did y n take !m into acc\nt :5 ! e/abli%m5t ( y\r "r 0 9 "q2 :y !n d y speak ( functions :5 ! "q is ! "r ( woman8 ,extricate y\rself f ?is z y c2 ,i %all n help y4 ,,ii4 #c4 ,woman produces less ?an man indu/rially1 y say4 ,admitt+ ?is to be true1 d y c\nt z no?+ ! great mat]nal function--! risks t woman runs 9 accompli%+ x2 ,d y c\nt z no?+ ! labors ( ! h\sehold1 ! c>es t are lavi%$ ^u y1 & to :i* y owe cleanl9ess & heal?8 ,if ! quantity ( ! product be ! orig9 ( ! equality ( "r1 :y h ^? :o produce little1 ^? :o produce no?+1 & all ( y :o produce unequally1 equal "r8 ,:y are all ^? wom5 :o produce1 :ile _! husb&s & sons enjoy & dissipate1 de/itute ( ! rights :i* ! latt] possess8 ,y d n admit ! "q ( product into t ( "r :5 man is 9 "q1 :y !n d y admit x :5 woman is 9 "q8 ,y see t ?is is inconsid]ate1 irrational1 unju/4 #d4 ,woman _c be ! equal ( man1 because h] peculi> temp]am5t int]dicts to h] c]ta9 functions4 ,well1 !n a legislator c1 )\t be+ unreasonable1 decree t all m5 :o are unfitt$ by temp]am5t = ! pr(ession ( arms1 = in/ance1 are exclud$ f equality ( "r6 ,temp]am5t1 ! s\rce ( "r8 ,if a woman _h writt5 any?+ s absurd1 %e w\ld h be5 cri$ d[n f "o end ( ! _w to ! o!r4 ,:y1 g5tlem51 d y n exclude f equality all m5 :o are weak1 all ^? :o are incapable ( p]=m+ ! functions t y prejudge woman incapable ( p]=m+8 ,:5 y are 9 "q1 y admit inde$ t ! "r to p]=m e function supposes nei!r ! faculty nor ! incl9ation to make use ( x2 :y d y n reason 9 ! same mann] :5 ! "q conc]ns u8 ,:at w\ld y ?9k ( wom5 if1 hav+ y\r rights :ile y 7 9 subjection1 !y %\ld keep y 9 an inf]ior position because y c\ld n accompli% ! great functions ( ge/ation & lactation4 ,man1 !y w\ld say1 be+ unable to be "m & nurse1 %all n h ! "r ( be+ in/ruct$ l u2 ( hav+1 l u1 civil dignity4 ,8 co>s] temp]am5t r5d]s him incapable ( be+ a witness to a c]tificate ( bir? or dea?2 x is evid5t t 8 clums9ess excludes him judicially f diplomatic functions2 we _c !re=e recognize 8 "r to solicit !m1 etc4 ,ah6 g5tlem51 y reason 9 ! same mann] 9 exclud+ woman f equality "u ! pretext t1 9 g5]al1 %e is ( a temp]am5t weak] ?an y\r own2 t is1 y reason absurdly4 #e4 ,woman _c be ! equal ( man 9 "r because he protects & ma9ta9s h]4 ,if x is because y protect & ma9ta9 u1 t we ought n to h our "r1 re/ore x !n to unm>ri$ wom5 :o are ( age1 & to wid[s :om y nei!r protect nor ma9ta94 ,re/ore _! "r !n to ! wives :o h no ne$ ( y\r protection1 s9ce ! law protects !m1 ev5 aga9/ y2 to ! wives :om y d n ma9ta91 s9ce !y br+ y ei!r a d[ry1 or a pr(ession1 or s]vices :i* y w\ld be oblig$ to recomp5se if any o!r r5d]$ !m to y4 ,& if to be ma9ta9$ by ano!r1 suffices to deprive an individual ( 8 "r1 take x away f ! ho/ ( m5 :o are ma9ta9$ by ! incomes or ! labor ( _! wives4 #f4 ,man1 9 ! ex]cise ( c]ta9 rights1 is ! proxy ( woman4 ,g5tleman1 a proxy is *os5 freely1 & is n impos$ on an individual2 ,i d n accept y z proxies3 ,i am intellig5t en\gh to transact my bus9ess myself1 & ,i pray y to re/ore to me1 z well z to all ! wom5 :o ?9k z ,i d1 an au?ority :i* y use unwor?ily4 ,if m>ri$ wom51 to h peace1 are will+ to cont9ue y z _! au?ority1 x is _! bus9ess2 b none ( y c legitimately reta9 t ( wid[s & unm>ri$ wom5 :o h atta9$ majority4 #g4 ,woman has n ! same rights z man1 because %e has no m "t ?an capacity to ex]cise !m4 ,has woman less "t & capacity ?an y\r work+ m51 p9n$ twelve h\rs a day to _! petty & /ultify+ tasks8 ,affirm x if y d>e6 ,does x ne$ less "t & capacity to make a deposition 9 a crim9al suit1 z woman does1 ?an to witness a civil act or a not>ial contract1 a "r t woman has n4 ,does x ne$ less "t & capacity to be ! gu>dian ( sons & to adm9i/] _! =tune1 z woman does1 ?an to be ! gu>dian ( a /rang] or ( a nephew1 & adm9i/] _! prop]ty1 a "r t woman has n4 ,does x ne$ less "t & capacity to sup]9t5d a manufactory1 a comm]cial e/abli%m5t1 workm51 z d s _m wom51 ?an to be at ! head ( an (fice1 or ( a public adm9i/ration1 & to sup]9t5d its (ficials1 a "r t woman has n8 ,does x ne$ less "t & capacity to devote "o's self to in/ruction 9 a l>ge bo>d+ s*ool1 z d s _m wom51 ?an 9 ! *air ( a pr(essor%ip1 z man alone has ! "r to d8 ,woman proves1 by h] works1 t %e lacks capacity & "t no m ?an y4 ,facts /ifle affirmations = :i* y %\ld blu%4 ,fie6 ,i am glad t ,i am n a man1 le/ ,i might say l ?+s & be l$ to pret5d t an in/ructress1 a lit]>y woman1 a woman arti/1 an exp]i5c$ female m]*ant has n ! capacity ( a port] or a rag-pick] because %e has n a be>d on h] *94 #h4 ,! rights ( woman are 9 h] beauty & 9 ! love ( man4 ,rights1 bas$ on beauty1 & on t fragile ?+ /yl$ man's love6 ,:at are ^! wor?1 ,i ask y1 g5tlem58 ,!n woman %all h rights if %e is beautiful1 & z long z %e %all cont9ue s2 if %e is belov$1 & z long z %e %all cont9ue s8 ,old1 ugly & =sak51 %e mu/ be ?r[n into ! c> ( ! condemn$ to be transport$ to ! guillot9e8 ,if a woman %\ld say su* ?+s1 :at a univ]sal hue & cry w\ld be rais$8 ,yet m5 pret5d t !y are rational6 ,we congratulate woman on hav+ too mu* common s5se ev] to be s 9 ?is wise4 ,aft] all ^! argum5ts1 none ( :i* w be> analysis1 comes at la/ ! triumphant objection3 wom5 d n claim _! rights1 _m among !m are ev5 sc&aliz$ by ! dem& made by a few 9 ! "n ( all4 ,d n wom5 dem& !m1 g5tlem58 ,:at are a ho/ ( ,am]ican wom5 do+ at ! pres5t "t8 ,:at h a numb] ( ,engli% wom5 done already8 ,:at did ,jean ,d]o91 ,paul9e ,rol& & _m o!rs1 d "h 9 #ahdh8 ,:at am ,i do+ to-day1 9 ! "n ( a legion ( wom5 ( :om ,i am ! int]pret]8 ,all wom5 d n make reclamations1 no2 b d y n "k t e dem& ( "r is made at fir/ s+ly8 ,t slaves accu/om$ to _! *a9s1 d n feel !m until _! in/igators to revolt %[ !m ! bruises on _! fle%8 ,a few only dem& _! rights1 y say2 b is x 9 accordance ) pr9ciple or ) numb]s t y judge ( ! ju/ice ( a cause8 ,did y wait until all ! male population dem&$ _! "r ( univ]sal suffrage 9 ord] to decree x to !m8 ,did y wait = ! rev5dication ( all ! slaves ( y\r colonies be=e emancipat+ !m8 ,yes1 x is true1 g5tlem51 t _m wom5 are oppos$ to ! emancipation ( _! sex4 ,:at does ?is prove8 ,t !re are human be+s abas$ en\gh to h lo/ all s5tim5t ( dignity2 b n t "r is n "r4 ,among ! blacks1 !re are _m :o hate1 d5\nce1 & deliv] up to ! sc\rge & to dea? ^? among !m :o are m$itat+ h[ to break _! *a9s2 :i* is "r1 :i* has ! s5tim5t ( human dignity1 ! latt] or ! =m]8 ,we dem& our place at y\r side1 g5tlem51 because id5tity ( species gives u ! "r to occupy x4 ,we dem& our "r1 because ! inf]iority in:i* we are kept is "o ( ! mo/ active causes ( ! decay ( morals4 ,we dem& our "r1 because we are p]suad$ t woman has to set h] /amp on ,sci5ce1 ,philosophy1 ,ju/ice & ,politics4 ,we dem& our "r1 la/ly1 because we are conv9c$ t ! g5]al que/ions1 ! lack ( solution ( :i* ?reat5s our mod]n civilization ) ru91 c only be resolv$ by ! co-op]ation ( woman deliv]$ f h] fett]s & left free 9 h] g5ius4 ,is x n a great pro( ( our insanity1 our impurity1 g5tlem51 t we feel ?is ard5t desire to *eck ! corruption ( morals1 & to labor = ! triumph ( ,ju/ice1 ! com+ ( ! reign ( ,duty & ,reason1 ! e/abli%m5t ( an ord] ( ?+s 9 :i* humanity1 wor?i] & happi]1 %all pursue its glori\s de/9ies )\t ! accompanim5t ( cannon or ! %$d+ ( blood8 ,is x n because ! advocates ( emancipation are impure wom5 :om s9 has r5d]$ mad1 be+s incapable ( compreh5d+ ,ju/ice & consci5ti\s works8 ,,iii4 ,g5tlem51 we w conclude4 ,?\gh t 7 true :i* ,i d5y2 t woman is inf]ior to y2 ?\gh t 7 true :i* facts prove false2 t %e c p]=m none ( ! functions :i* y p]=m1 t %e is fit only = mat]nity & ! h\sehold1 %e w\ld be none ! less y\r equal 9 "r1 because "r is bas$ nei!r on sup]iority ( faculties nor on t ( ! functions :i* proce$ f !m1 b on id5tity ( species4 ,a human be+1 l y1 hav+1 l y1 intellect1 w1 free w & v>i\s aptitudes1 woman has ! "r1 l y1 to be free & autonom\s1 to develop h] faculties freely1 to ex]cise h] activity freely2 to m>k out h] pa?1 to r$uce h] to subjection1 z y d1 is !re=e a violation ( ,human ,"r 9 ! p]son ( woman--an odi\s abuse ( =ce4 ,f ! /& po9t ( facts1 ?is violation ( "r takes ! =m ( griev\s inconsi/5cy2 = we f9d _m wom5 f> sup]ior to ! majority ( m52 :5ce x foll[s t "r is grant$ to ^? :o ought n to h x1 accord+ to y\r doctr9e1 & refus$ to ^? :o ought to possess x1 accord+ to ! same doctr9e1 s9ce !y make good _! claim to ! qualities requisite4 ,we f9d t y accord "r to qualities & functions1 because ! individual is a man1 & t y cease to recognize x 9 ! same case1 because ! individual is a woman4 ,yet y boa/ ( y\r l(ty reason1--yet y boa/ ( possess+ ! s5se ( ju/ice6 ,take c>e1 g5tlem56 ,our rights h ! same f\ndation z y\rs3 9 d5y+ ! =m]1 y d5y ! latt] 9 pr9ciple4 ,a ^w m to y1 pret5d$ disciples ( ! doctr9es ( '#hi1 & we h done4 ,d y "k :y s _m wom5 took "p ) our ,revolution1 arm$ ! m51 & rock$ _! *ildr5 to ! song ( ! ,m>seillaise6 ,x 0 because !y ?\ght !y saw "u ! ,decl>ation ( ! rights ( m5 & citiz5s1 ! decl>ation ( ! rights ( wom5 & female citiz5s4 ,:5 ! ,assembly took x ^u itself to undeceive !m1 by lack+ logic ) respect to !m1 & clos+ _! meet+s1 !y ab&on$ ! ,revolution1 & y "k :at ensu$4 ,d y "k :y1 9 #ahdh1 s _m wom51 especially among ! p1 decl>$ !mselves = ! ,revolution8 ,x 0 because !y hop$ t ?is ,revolution w\ld be m consi/5t ) respect to !m ?an ! =m] _h be54 ,:51 9 _! s5seless arrogance & lack ( intellig5ce1 ! repres5tatives n only =bid !m to assemble1 b drove !m f ! assemblies ( m51 ! wom5 ab&on$ ! ,revolution by deta*+ _! husb&s & sons f x1 & y "k :at ensu$4 ,d y compreh5d at la/8 ,i tell y truly2 all y\r /ruggles are 9 va91 if woman does n g ) y4 ,an ord] ( ?+s may be e/abli%$ by a c\p de ma91 b x is only ma9ta9$ by ! adhesion ( majorities2 & ^! majorities1 g5tlem51 are =m$ by u wom51 ?r\gh ! influ5ce t we possess ov] m51 ?r\gh ! education t we give !m ) our milk4 ,we h x 9 our p[] to inspire !m f _! cradles ) love1 hatr$ or indiff]5ce = c]ta9 pr9ciples2 9 ?is is our /r5g?2 & y are bl9d n to compreh5d t if man is on "o side & woman on ! o!r1 humanity is condemn$ to weave ,p5elope's web4 ,g5tlem51 woman is ripe = civil lib]ty1 & we decl>e to y t we %all h5ce=? reg>d :oev] %all rise aga9/ our lawful claim z an enemy ( progress & ( ! ,revolution2 :ile we %all rank among ! fri5ds ( progress & ( ! ,revolution1 ^? :o decl>e !mselves 9 favor ( our civil emancipation1 ,,%\ld ,,!y ,,be ,,y\r ,,adv]s>ies8 ,if y refuse to li/5 to our lawful dem&s1 we %all accuse y be=e po/]ity ( ! crime ) :i* y reproa* ! hold]s ( slaves4 ,we %all accuse y be=e po/]ity ( hav+ d5i$ ! faculties ( woman1 because y fe>$ h] competition4 ,we %all accuse y be=e po/]ity ( hav+ refus$ h] ju/ice1 because y wi%$ to make h] y\r s]vant & play?+4 ,we %all accuse y be=e po/]ity ( be+ enemies ( "r & progress4 ,& our accusation w rema9 /&+ & liv+ be=e future g5]ations :o1 m enlight5$1 m j1 m moral ?an y1 w turn away _! eyes ) disda9 & contempt f ! tomb ( _! fa!rs4 ,,nature ,,& ,,functions ,,( ,,woman ,i4 ,i ?9k t we h suffici5tly ?\gh summ>ily prov$ to all hone/ inquiries t social "r is id5tical = bo? sexes s9ce !y are id5tical 9 species4 ,! "q ( "r be+ plac$ beyond discussion1 we c n[ ask :at use woman %all make ( h] "r2 9 o!r t]ms1 :at functions %e is qualifi$ to p]=m 9 accordance ) h] :ole nature4 ,let u fir/ m>k ! pr(\nd diff]5ce t exi/s betwe5 "r & function1 !n def9e & divide ! latt]4 ,"r is ! condition s9e qua non ( ! developm5t & manife/ations ( ! human be+3 x is absolute1 g5]al = ! :ole species1 because ! individuals :o compose x %\ld be able lawfully to develop & manife/ !mselves4 ,function is ! use ( ! faculties ( ! individual ) a view to a purpose useful to himself & to o!rs2 function is !re=e a production ( utility &1 9 conclusion1 ! manife/ation ( ! aptitudes pr$om9at+ 9 ea* ( u1 :e!r naturally1 or 9 consequ5ce ( education & habit4 ,society1 hav+ ne$s ( e k9d1 has functions ( e nature & v>i\s scope2 ^! functions may be classifi$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,sci5tific & philosophic functions2 #b4 ,indu/rial functions2 #c4 ,arti/ic functions2 #d4 ,educational functions2 #e4 ,m$ical functions2 #f4 ,functions = ! pres]vation ( safety2 #g4 ,judicial functions2 #h4 ,functions ( ex*ange & circulation2 #i4 ,adm9i/rative & gov]nm5tal functions2 #aj4 ,legislative functions2 #aa4 ,functions ( solid>ity or ( social b5evol5ce & ( in/itutions = ! prev5tion ( crime4 ,?is classification1 :i* w\ld be v imp]fect & insuffici5t1 7 ?is a treatise on social organization1 be+ all t is ne$$ = ! use t we h to make ( x1 we %all adh]e to x 9 ?is place4 ,m51 & wom5 aft] !m1 h deem$ prop] hi!rto to class man & woman sep>ately2 to def9e ea* type1 & to d$uce f ?is ideal ! functions suit$ to ea* sex4 ,nei!r h *os5 to see t num]\s facts contradict _! classification4 ,:at6 exclaims ! classifi]s1 d y d5y t ! sexes diff]8 ,d y d5y t1 if !y diff]1 !y %\ld h diff]5t functions8 ,if our classification does n seem good to y1 criticise x1 we ask no?+ m2 b replace x by a bett] "o4 ,to criticise y\r classification1 ladies & g5tlem51 is :at ,i int5d to d2 b if ! elem5ts are want+ to e/abli% a bett]1 c y1 ought y ev5 to require me to pres5t y "o4 ,d y ?9k me a man1 t y exact ( me abuse ( ! priora1 & a />tl+ arbitr>y c\rse ( reason+4 ,pr\dhon is "r1 murmur ^! g5tlem52 woman is incapable ( ab/ract reason+1 ( g5]aliz+1 ( kn[+ h]self4444 ,really1 g5tlem51 d y ?9k t x is ?r\gh incapacity t ,i am unwill+ to pres5t to y a classification ( ! sexes1 a !ory ( ! nature ( woman8444 ,let u ha/5 !n to prove ! contr>y3 in/ead ( "o !ory1 we w give y f\r4 ,man & woman =m a s]ies only ) respect to ! reproduction ( ! species3 all ! o!r *>act]i/ics by :i* x has be5 attempt$ to make a di/9ction betwe5 !m are only g5]alities contradict$ by a multitude ( facts2 n[1 z a g5]ality is n a law1 no?+ c be !re=e conclud$ f ^!1 no?+ absolute d$uc$ f !m 9 a functional po9t ( view4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! greate/ radical diff]5ce ( zoological species lies 9 ! n]v\s sy/em1 especially 9 ! great] or less] bulk & complexity ( ! encephalus2 n[1 ,anatomy admits1 aft] num]\s exp]im5ts1 t1 9 proportion to ! :ole size ( ! body1 ! bra9 ( woman equals 9 volume t ( man2 t ! composition ( bo? is ! same1 & ,phr5ology adds t ! organs ( ! bra9 are ! same 9 bo? sexes4 ,la/ly1 x is a biological pr9ciple t organs are develop$ by ex]cise & atrophi$ by cont9u$ repose2 n[1 man & woman d n ex]cise _! encephalic organs 9 ! same mann]2 educational tra9+1 mann]s1 prejudice1 en=c$ habits t5d to develop 9 ! mascul9e :at becomes atrophi$ 9 ! fem99e head2 :5ce x foll[s t ! diff]5ces empirically e/abli%$ are by no means ! result ( ,nature1 b ( ! accid5tal causes by :i* !y h be5 produc$4 ,conclusion3 ! two sexes !re=e1 :5 re>$ alike become develop$ alike1 & are fit = ! same functions1 except ^? :i* conc]n ! reproduction ( ! species4 ,"h1 g5tlem51 is a !ory complete 9 all its p>ts1 t5able 9 an anatomo-biologic po9t ( view1 & :i* ,i *all5ge y to prove false1 = ,i %all f9d replies to all y\r objections4 ,,ii4 ,we admit ! pr9ciple t ! sexes =m s]ies 9 physical1 moral1 intellectual1 consequ5tly functional respects4 ,we believe t !y %\ld become subord9ate to ea* o!r 9 proportion to _! relative excell5ce2 & we take ! de/9y ( ! species z ! t\*/one ( _! respective value4 ,if we comp>e ! sexes ) ea* o!r1 we prove 9 a g5]al way1 t man is m]ely woman on a co>s] scale2 we prove 9 ! second place t he is f> m animal ?an woman1 s9ce 8 muscul> sy/em is m fully develop$ & s9ce he respires l[]2 s t he is mo/ evid5tly a m$ium betwe5 woman & ! high] species ( apes4 ,woman alone conta9s & develops ! human g]m2 %e is ! creator & pres]v] ( ! race4 ,x is n q c]ta9 t ! co-op]ation ( man is necess>y = ! "w ( reproduction2 ?is is ! means *os5 by ,nature1 b human sci5ce w succe$1 we hope1 9 deliv]+ woman f ?is insupportable subjection4 ,analogy au?orises u to believe t woman1 ! sole deposit>y ( ! human g]m1 is equally ! sole deposit>y ( all ! moral & intellectual g]ms1 :5ce x foll[s t %e is ! inspir] ( all k1 all discov]ies1 all ju/ice1 ! "m ( all virtue4 ,our analog\s d$uctions are confirm$ by facts2 woman employs h] intellect 9 ! concrete2 %e is an acute obs]v]2 man is only fit to con/ruct p>adoxes & to lose himself 9 ! abyss ( metaphysics2 sci5ce has only em]g$ f ! limbo ( priora )\t confirmation1 s9ce ! adv5t into ?is doma9 ( ! =m ( ! fem99e m9d2 we %all affirm1 !re=e1 t true s*ol>s are fem9iz$ m9ds4 ,9 moral respects1 man & woman diff] greatly2 ! =m] is h>%1 r\gh1 )\t delicacy1 devoid ( s5sibility & mode/y2 8 habitual relations ) ! o!r sex modify him only ) great difficulty2 woman is naturally g5tle1 lov+1 feel+1 equitable1 mode/2 to h]1 man owes ju/ice & 8 o!r virtues1 :5 he has any2 :5ce x foll[s t x is really to woman alone t social progress is due2 h5ce x is t e /ep made t[>ds civilization is m>k$ by an advance ( woman t[>ds lib]ty4 ,if we consid] ea* ( ! sexes 9 _! relation to human de/9y1 we are =c$ to admit t1 if !re 0 reason = ! pr$om9ance ( man 9 ! necessity ( hew+ out ?is de/9y1 ! pre-em95ce ( woman is ensur$ 9 ! future reign ( "r & peace4 ,x 0 necess>y to /ruggle & fight 9 ord] to e/abli% ju/ice & to subject nature to humanity2 ?is belong$ ( "r to man1 :o repres5ts muscul> =ce1 ! _s ( conflict2 b z we already =esee 9 ! approa*+ future1 ! com+ ( peace1 ! sub/itution ( pacific labor & negotiations = w>1 x is cle> t woman w take rightfully ! direction ( human affairs1 to :i* %e w be call$ by h] faculties1 f\nd bett] adapt$ to ! end h5ce=? to be pursu$4 ,woman %\ld be ! la/ to develop & manife/ h]self socially1 = ! same reason t ! human species is ! la/ creation ( our globe2 ! p]fect be+ always appe>s aft] ^? t h s]v$ to pave ! way4 ,z x is demon/rat$1 on ! o!r h&1 t1 9 ! scale ( ! v>i\s organisms1 ! organ t is sup]add$ to ! o!rs to con/itute a *ange ( species1 gov]ns ^? :i* ! individual d]ives f inf]ior species1 s woman1 fully develop$ 9 a social body organiz$ = peace & pacific labor1 w be ! new organ t w gov]n ! social body4 ,does ?is signify t woman %\ld oppress man8 ,by no means2 %e w\ld ?us be ungrateful = ! s]vices r5d]$ h]1 & w\ld trespass aga9/ h] g5tle nature2 b %e w tea* him to compreh5d t 8 glory is to obey1 to become subord9ate to ! o!r sex1 because he is less p]fect1 & because 8 qualities are no long] necess>y to ! g5]al good4 ,y laugh1 g5tlem51 at ?is second !ory2 y ?9k x absurd4444 ,s x is2 = x is ! c\nt]p>t ( ! !tic woman ( ,pr\dhon4 ,let u proce$ !n to ! ?ird !ory4 ,,iii4 ,e classification ( ! human species is a pure subjective creation2 t is1 "o :i* exi/s only 9 ! =m giv5 to ! p]ception by ! intellect2 ! v conception ( humanity ) ! enum]ation ( ! *>act]i/ics :i* are reput$ to di/+ui% x f ! o!r species1 is /amp$ ) subjectivity4 ,! tru? is t n a s+le human be+ resembles 8 neighbor2 t !re are z _m diff]5t m5 & wom5 z !re are m5 & wom5 compos+ ! species4 ,classifications1 9 all ?+s1 are illusions ( ! m9d1 = nature hates id5tity & nev] repeats h]self3 !re are n two gra9s ( s&1 n two drops ( wat]1 n two leaves alike2 & mo/ probably ! sun1 s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( its exi/5ce1 has n appe>$ twice id5tically ! same at its ris+4 ,yet despite ! evid5ce ( ^! tru?s1 despite ! conviction :i* we h atta9$ ( ! illusion ( ! s5ses1 ( ! weakness ( our intellect1 :i* c "k no?+ ( ! inmo/ nature ( be+s2 :i* c only seize ^u a few fleet+ traces ( _! p]sonal *>act]i/ics2 yet despite all ^! ?+s we d>e e/abli% s]ies1 attribute to !m *>act]i/ics :i* are spe$ily contradict$ by facts1 & torture & d viol5ce to ! only be+s t really exi/2 namely1 individuals1 9 ! "n ( t o!r ?+ :i* exi/s only 9 our sick bra93 k9d1 class6 ,! bitt] fruits t h be5 produc$ by our mania = classification ought to cure u ( ?is4 ,has n ?is malady1 impell+ !ocrati/s & legislators to divide humanity into ca/es & classes1 caus$ mo/ ( ! calamities ( our species8 ,h we n1 ?anks to ^! execrable divisions1 a hide\s pa/1 ! e*oes ( :i* br+ back to our %r9k+ e>s naught b sobs1 cries ( ang]1 rebellion1 mal$iction & v5geance1 & s9i/] clank+ ( weapons & *a9s8 ,h we n also to ?ank !m t1 on ! pages ( our hi/ory1 all /a9$ ) blood & te>s & exhal+ an odor ( ! *>nel h\se1 we read n\ght b tyranny1 bruti%ness & demoralization8 ,h we n fur!r to ?ank !m t k+ & subject1 ma/] & s]f1 :ite & black1 man & woman become demoraliz$ by oppression1 inju/ice & cruelty on "o h&2 & intrigue1 bas5ess1 & v5geance on ! o!r8 ,are n wrong & wret*$ness f\nd ev]y:]e1 because inequality1 ! (fspr+ ( insane classifications1 is f\nd ev]y:]e8 ,ah6 :o %all deliv] u f our infatuation6 ,let u class animals1 vegetables1 m9]als if we w6 our errors d n influ5ce & _c di/urb !m2 b let u respect ! human species :i* w escape all classification1 h[ev] reasonable ! process may be1 because e human be+ is *angeable1 progressive1 & diff]s f> m f 8 fell[s ?an ! mo/ intellig5t animal f ! re/ ( 8 species4 ,let u leave ea* "o !n to make 8 own autonomic law & to manife/ himself 9 con=mity ) 8 nature1 & take c>e only t "r %all be equal = all2 t ! /rong %all n oppress ! weak2 t ea* function %all be entru/$ to ! "o individual t is prov$ ! be/ qualifi$ to p]=m x2 ?is is all t we c d1 all t we %\ld d1 if we seek to %[ ourselves wise & j4 ,h>mony exi/s 9 nature1 because ea* be+ 9 x foll[s peaceably ! laws t gov]n 8 individuality2 x w be ! same 9 humanity1 :5 univ]sal reason %all compreh5d t human ord] is pre-e/abli%$ 9 ! co-op]ation ( individual faculties left free 9 _! manife/ations2 & t to e/abli% a factiti\s1 :olly imag9>y ord]2 t is1 true disord]1 is to ret>d ! com+ ( ord]1 peace & happ9ess4 ,let u refra9 !n f all classification ( faculties & functions accord+ to ! sexes3 besides be+ false1 !y w lead u to cruelty2 = we %all oppress ^?1 :e!r m5 or wom51 :o are nei!r yield+ en\gh to submit to x nor hypocritical en\gh to appe> to d s2 & we %all d ?is )\t pr(it to human de/9y1 b1 on ! contr>y1 to its detrim5t4 ,"h1 g5tlem51 is a nom9ali/ic !ory :i* ,i *all5ge y to ov]?r[ by suffici5t reasons3 =1 z 9 ! fir/1 ,i %all h answ]s to all y\r objections4 ,we n[ come to our la/ !ory1 :i* is y\rs 9 ! major & m9or t]ms1 b ! opposite 9 ! conclusions4 ,,iv4 ,all ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! same organism are modifi$ by ea* o!r1 & 9 ?is mann] ! functions become mutually modifi$4 ,n[1 man & woman diff] f ea* o!r 9 important organs4 ,ea* ( ! sexes mu/ !re=e diff] f ! o!r n only ?r\gh ! organs t di/+ui% !m1 b ?r\gh ! modifications produc$ by ! pres5ce ( ^! organs4 ,?is1 g5tleman1 is my fir/ syllogism3 ,i "k t we %all n conte/ ?is po9t--x is classical ,biology4 ,let u inve/igate anatomically ! organic diff]5ces to :i* sexuality subjects man & woman4 ,n]v\s ,sy/em4 ,! s call$ n]ves ( feel+ are m fully develop$ 9 woman ?an 9 man1 ^? ( motion are less develop$ 9 ! =m] ?an 9 ! latt]2 ! c]ebellum is m fully develop$ 9 ! head ( man ?an 9 t ( woman2 9 ! latt]1 ! ant]o-po/]ior diamet] ( ! bra9 prepond]ates ov] ! bi-lat]al1 :i* is great] 9 proportion 9 ! mascul9e sex3 x is also obs]v$ t ! organs ( obs]vation1 circumspection1 subtl5ess & philoprog5itiv5ess are m prom95t 9 ! head ( woman ?an 9 t ( man1 9 :i* ! reason+ organs1 ) ^? ( combativ5ess & de/ructiv5ess pr$om9ate4 ,locomotive ,sy/em4 ,man is l>g] ?an woman1 he has m compact bones1 & l>g] & bett] develop$ muscles1 8 ?orax is ! rev]se ( t ( woman1 9 :i*1 ! greate/ bread? is betwe5 ! %\ld]s1 :ile1 ) him1 x is at ! base2 ! pelvis is l>g] & broad] 9 ! female ?an ! male sex4 ,epid]mic & cellul> sy/ems4 ,man has a m hairy sk9 ?an woman2 :at is call$ fat is less abundant 9 ! mascul9e ?an 9 ! fem99e organism2 9 g5]al1 ! sk9 ( man is r\gh]1 & 8 =m less r\nd2 woman has long] & m silky hair4 ,splan*nic organs4 ,! c]ebral mass is ! same 9 proportion 9 bo? sexes1 z well z ! organs ( ! bra91 ) ! exception ( ! pr$om9ances :i* we h po9t$ out2 ! respiratory sy/ems diff] some:at2 woman brea?s high] ?an man2 9 ! latt]1 ! circulation is m active & en]getic4 ,to ^! physical diff]5ces correspond intellectual & moral diff]5ces4 ,woman1 hav+ ! n]ves ( feel+ m fully develop$1 is m impressionable & m mobile ?an man4 ,be+ weak] & z p]si/5t1 %e obta9s by address & /ratagem :at %e _c obta9 by =ce2 h] weakness gives h] timidity1 circumspection1 ! necessity ( feel+ h]self protect$4 ,! k9ds ( labor t require /r5g? are repugnant to h]4 ,h] mat]nal de/9y r5d]s h] an enemy ( de/ruction1 ( w>2 & h] m delicate organization makes h] dread & %un cont5tion4 ,?is same mat]nal de/9ation impresses a peculi> /amp on h] intellect2 %e loves ! concrete1 & is always incl9$ to trans=m ?\ght into facts1 to inc>nate x1 to give x a fix$ =m2 h] reason+ is intuition or quick p]ception ( a g5]al relation1 ( a tru? t man elucidates only ) great difficulty1 by ! aid ( /ilt$ logic4 ,woman is a bett] obs]v] ?an man1 & c>ries induction f>!r ?an he2 %e is consequ5tly m p5etrat+1 & is a mu* bett] judge ( ! moral & intellectual value ( ^? ab\t h]4 ,%e has1 m ?an man1 s5tim5t ( ! beautiful1 delicacy ( he>t1 love ( good1 respect = mode/y1 v5]ation = ev]y?+ sup]ior4 ,m provid5t ?an he1 %e has m ord] & economy1 & looks aft] adm9i/rative details ) a c>efulness :i* is (t5 c>ri$ to pu]ility4 ,woman is adroit1 s$ul\s2 %e excels 9 works ( ta/e1 & possesses /rong arti/ic t5d5cies4 ,g5tl]1 m t5d]1 m pati5t ?an man1 %e loves ev]y?+ t is weak1 protects ev]y?+ t suff]s2 e sorr[1 e calamity br+s a te> to h] eye & draws a sigh f h] brea/4 ,?is is woman1 su* z y pa9t h]1 g5tlem54 ,y !n add3 ,! vocation ( woman !re=e is love1 mat]nity1 ! h\sehold1 s$5t>y occupations4 ,%e is too weak = occupations t dem& /r5g?1 & = ^? ( w>4 ,%e is too impressionable & too feel+1 too good1 too g5tle to be legislator1 judge or juror4 ,h] ta/e = h\sehold details1 a retir$ life1 & ! grave functions ( mat]nity indicate cle>ly t %e is n made = public employm5ts4 ,%e is too v>iable to cultivate sci5ce ) pr(it2 too feeble & too mu* occupi$ beside to pursue protract$ exp]im5ts4 ,h] k9d ( rationality r5d]s h] unsuit$ to ! elaboration ( !ories2 & %e is too fond ( ! concrete & ( details to become s]i\sly int]e/$ 9 g5]al ideas2 :i* excludes h] f all high pr(essional functions & f ^? requir+ s]i\s /udy4 ,h] place is !re=e at ! fireside to make man bett]1 to su/a9 him1 to c>e = him1 to procure him ! joys ( pat]nity1 & to fill ! place ( a good h\sewife4 ,su* are y\r conclusions3 "h are m9e1 admitt+ z a hypo!sis1 :at ,i affirm ) y ( woman4 ,v4 #a4 ,woman c>ry+ into ,philosophy & ,sci5ce h] subtl5ess ( obs]vation1 h] love ( ! concrete1 w correct ! exagg]at$ t5d5cy ( man = ab/ract reason+1 & demon/rate ! falsity ( !ories con/ruct$1 priori1 on a few facts alone4 ,!n only w ontology disappe>1 !n w x be recogniz$ t a hypo!sis is m]ely an int]rogation po9t2 t tru? is always intelligible 9 its nature1 h[ev] unkn[n x may be2 we %all g5]alize no?+ b kn[n facts1 we %all c>efully avoid erect+ simple g5]alities into laws1 & we %all ?us h v]itable philosophy1 & true human sci5ce1 because !y w be> ! impr9t ( bo? sexes4 #b4 ,woman c>ry+ h] peculi> faculties into ! arts & manufactures1 w increas+ly introduce !re9 art1 p]fection 9 details4 ,cultivat$ 9 ! direction ( h] aptitudes1 %e w f9d +5i\s me?ods ( application ( sci5tific discov]ies4 #c4 ,pati5t1 g5tle1 good1 m moral ?an man1 %e is ! born educator ( *ildhood1 ! moraliz] ( ! gr[n man2 ! majority ( ! educational functions rev]t to h] ( "r1 & %e has h] assign$ place 9 special in/ruction4 #d4 ,by h] quick intuition & h] acut5ess ( obs]vation1 woman alone c discov] ! !rapeutics ( n]v\s affections2 h] dext]ity w r5d] h] valuable 9 all delicate surgical op]ations4 ,on h] %\ld devolve ! c>e ( treat+ ! diseases ( wom5 & *ildr51 because %e alone is capable ( fully compreh5d+ !m2 %e has h] especial place 9 hospitals1 n only = ! cure ( disease1 b also = ! execution & surveillance ( ! details ( managem5t & ! c>e ( ! pati5ts4 #e4 ,! pres5ce ( woman 9 judicial functions1 z juror & arbit]1 w be a gu>antee ( v]itable human ju/ice to all2 t is1 ( equity4 ,woman alone ?r\gh h] g5tl5ess1 h] m]cy1 h] sympa!tic disposition1 & h] subtl5ess & obs]vation1 c compreh5d t society has its %>e ( culpability 9 e fault committ$2 = x %\ld be organiz$ to prev5t wrong r ?an to puni% x4 ,?is po9t ( view1 especially fem99e1 w trans=m ! p5it5ti>y sy/em & raise up num]\s in/itutions4 ,!n only w ! _w compreh5d t ! puni%m5t inflict$ on ! guilty %\ld be a means ( rep>ation & reg5]ation2 society w no long] slay its prison]s z if weak & fe>ful3 x w am5d ! assass9 in/ead ( imitat+ him2 x w =ce ! ?ief to "w to make re/itution ( :at he has /ol52 x w no long] believe t x has ! "r by imprison+ a crim9al to deprive him ( 8 reason1 to drive him to despair1 to suicide by solit>y conf9em5t2 to deprive him completely ( m>riage2 to c\ple him ) ^? m corrupt ?an himself4 ,consci\s ( its own %>e ( culpability1 society w repair 9 p5it5ti>ies ! fault ( its c>elessness3 x w be firm1 yet k9d & moraliz+3 x w give 9 !m ! education :i* x ought to h giv5 outside1 & w prep>e "w h\ses = ! lib]at$ convicts 9 ord] t ! contempt & horror (t5 %[n t[>d !m by m5 worse ?an !y may n drive !m to a second (f5ce4 #g4 ,woman1 c>ry+ into ! social h\sehold h] _s ( ord] & economy1 h] love ( details & abhorr5ce ( wa/e & fooli% exp5se1 w re=m gov]nm5t3 %e w simplify ev]y?+2 w suppress s9ecures & ! accumulation ( (fices1 & w produce mu* f little in/ead (1 l man1 produc+ little f mu*3 ! purse ( ! tax-pay]s w n compla9 ( ! *ange4 #h4 ,"u ! direct influ5ce ( woman z legislator1 we %all h a recon/ruction ( all laws2 fir/ & be=e ev]y?+1 we %all h prev5tive measures1 a compulsory education2 !n ! =m ( legal proce$+s w be simplifi$1 ! civil code reca/1 & all laws conc]n+ illegitimate *ildr5 & ! inequality ( ! sexes bani%$ f x2 ! laws conc]n+ morals w be m sev]e1 & ! p5al code m rational & equitable4 ,by h] adm9i/rative re=ms born ( ! economical in/9ct ( woman1 taxes w be dim9i%$2 h] abhorr5ce ( blood & w> w greatly r$uce ! fe>ful impo/ ( blood-%$4 ,hav+ a delib]ative voice1 & kn[+1 by h] griefs & love ! value ( a man1 x w be only f %e] necessity t %e w cons5t to vote bevies ( citiz5s = ! %ambles call$ w>s3 %e w d ?is only :5 h] c\ntry is m5ac$ or :5 x is necess>y to protect oppress$ nationalities2 9 all o!r cases1 %e w employ ! sy/em ( conciliation4 #i4 ,woman1 be+ mu* m economical & a bett] analy/ ?an man1 :5 ?or\ghly in/ruct$1 w soon p]ceive t nations1 l individuals1 diff] 9 aptitudes1 & t ! end ( ^! diff]5ces is union & frat]nity ?r\gh ex*ange ( products3 %e w !re=e det] h] c\ntry f cultivat+ c]ta9 bran*es ( ! acts & manufactures 9 :i* o!r nations excel & :i* !y c produce to bett] advantage2 %e w cure x ( ! fooli% pret5sion ( be+ suffici5t unto itself1 & w prev5t x f sacrific+ ! int]e/ ( ! mass ( consum]s to t ( a few produc]s3 ?us ! b>ri]s & cu/om duties t sep>ate ! diff]5t organs ( humanity w fall by degrees2 !re w be treaties ( free trade1 & all w be ga9]s by ! *eapness ( products1 & ! suppression ( ! exp5ses ( ma9ta9+ a too (t5 annoy+ dep>tm5t ( cu/oms4 ,! qualities & faculties ( woman n only make h] an educator1 b assure h] prepond]ance 9 all functions aris+ f social solid>ity2 %e alone kn[s h[ to console1 to enc\rage1 to moralize ) g5tl5ess1 to com=t ) delicacy2 %e has ! g5ius ( *>ity2 to h] !re=e %\ld rev]t ! sup]9t5d5ce & direction ( hospitals & prisons = wom51 ! managem5t ( *>itable in/itutions1 ! c>e ( ab&on$ *ildr51 etc4 ,%e %\ld create in/itutions to furni% employm5t to workm5 out ( "w1 & to save lib]at$ convicts f indol5ce & relapse into crime4 ,?us1 g5tleman1 )\t dep>t+ f ! data ( y\r !ory1 y behold woman plac$ ev]y:]e by ! side ( man1 except 9 ! h>d labor f :i* y y\rselves w soon be releas$ by ma*9]y1 & 9 ! milit>y in/itutions :i*1 9 all probability1 w "s day disappe>4 ,hi!rto in/itutions1 laws1 sci5ces1 philosophy h *iefly borne ! mascul9e impr9t2 all ( ^! ?+s are only half human2 9 ord] t !y may become :olly s1 woman mu/ be associat$ 9 !m o/5sibly & lawfully1 consequ5tly1 %e mu/ be cultivat$ l y2 culture w n make h] l y1 d n fe> x2 ! rose & ! c>nation gr[+ 9 ! same soil1 "u ! same sky1 9 ! same sun%9e1 ) ! c>es ( ! same g>d5]1 rema9 rose & c>nation3 !y are m beautiful 9 proportion z !y are bett] cultivat$1 & z ! elem5ts :i* !y absorb are m abundant3 if man & woman diff]1 a simil> education w only make !m diff] /ill m1 because ea* w employ x 9 ! developm5t ( t :i* is peculi> to himself4 ,= ! int]e/ ( all ?+s & p x is necess>y t woman %\ld ent] all ! avocations ( life1 t %e %\ld h h] function 9 all ! functions3 aft] ! g5]al int]e/ ( humanity1 comes t ( ! family2 x _c g be=e x4 ,s9ce woman n[ is g5]ally "m & h\sewife :ile p]=m+ at ! same "t a ho/ ( o!r functions1 %e w become none ! less s 9 tak+ ^u h]self a few m2 besides1 ! "t ( life at :i* an individual ent]s c]ta9 important functions is t at :i* woman has f9i%$ h] mat]nal task4 ,a few wom5 act+ z public function>ies w n h9d] ! great majority ( _! companions f rema9+ 9 private life1 any m ?an a few m5 9 ! same position h9d] ! mass ( m5 f cont9u+ !re4 ,,vi4 ,y admit a classification at la/1 y say1 & /ill m y grant t !re are mascul9e & fem99e functions4 ,y are mi/ak51 g5tlem53 y accus$ me ( be+ incapable ( giv+ y a complete !ory1 ,i h giv5 y ! outl9es ( f\r--outl9es :i* x w\ld be easy = me to ext5d & p]fect4 ,b ,i d n admit a s+le "o ( ^! !ories z a :ole4 ,are y eclectic1 !n8 ,! gods =bid6 ,i h z mu* repugnance to eclecticism1 z to my/ic tr9it>ianism & &rogyny4 ,i d n admit ! !ory ( ! id5tity ( ! sexes1 because ,i believe ) ,biology t an ess5tial organic diff]5ce modifies ! entire be+2 t !re=e woman mu/ diff] f man4 ,i d n admit ! !ory ( ! sup]iority ( ei!r sex1 because x is absurd2 humanity is man-woman or woman-man2 we d n "k :at "o sex w\ld be if x 7 n incessantly modifi$ by its relations ) ! o!r1 & we "k !m only z ?us modifi$3 ,:at we "k to a c]ta9ty is t !y =m toge!r ! exi/+ condition ( humanity2 t !y are equally necess>y & equally useful to ea* o!r & to society4 ,i d n admit my ?ird !ory because x is ultra-nom9alism nom9alism2 if x is really true t all ! individuals ( bo? sexes diff] among !mselves 9 a f> m rem>kable mann] ?an ^? ( ! o!r species1 x is none ! less true t a classification1 f\nd$ ^u a con/ant anatomical *>act]i/ic1 is legitimate1 & t ! pr9ciple ( classification lies 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 = if ?+s appe> to u classifi$1 x is because !y are s2 ! laws ( ! m9d are ! same z ^? ( ,nature s f> z k is conc]n$2 we mu/ admit ?is1 unless we are sceptics or ideali/s1 & ,i am nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r2 nei!r am ,i a reali/ 9 ! philosophic acceptation ( ! ^w1 = ,i d n believe t ! species is some?+ ap>t f ! individuals 9 :i* x is manife/$2 x is 9 !m & ?r\gh !m2 ?is repeats ! affirmation t !re are individuals id5tical 9 "o or sev]al respects1 al?\gh diff]5t 9 all o!rs4 ,la/ly1 ,i d n admit ! f\r? !ory1 al?\gh x may be true 9 pr9ciple1 because ! num]\s facts t contradict ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics1 d n p]mit me to believe t ^! *>act]i/ics are laws e/abli%$ by sexuality4 ,9 fact1 !re are bra9s ( m5 9 heads ( wom51 & vice v]sa4 ,m5 mobile & impressionable2 wom5 firm & ins5sible4 ,wom5 l>ge1 /rong & muscul>1 lift+ a man l a fea!r2 m5 small1 frail1 & ( extreme delicacy ( con/itution4 ,wom5 ) a /5torian voice & abrupt mann]s2 m5 ) a s(t voice & graceful mann]s4 ,wom5 ) %ort1 h>% hair1 be>d$1 ) r\gh sk9 & angul> figures2 m5 ) long1 silky hair )\t be>d1 r\nd & portly4 ,wom5 ) an en]getic circulation ( blood2 m5 9 ^: ve9s x c\rses feebly & sl[ly4 ,wom5 frank1 inconsid]ate & d>+2 m5 /rategic1 dissembl+ & timid4 ,wom5 viol5t1 lov+ /rife1 w> & cont5tion1 & wont to /orm on e occasion2 m5 g5tle1 pati5t1 dread+ /rife1 & exce$+ly timid4 ,wom5 lov+ ab/ract reason+1 g5]aliz+ & syn!tiz+ mu*1 & )\t intuition ( any sort2 m5 intuitive1 acute obs]v]s1 good analy/s1 incapable ( g5]aliz+4444 ,i "k _m su*4 ,wom5 ins5sible to works ( art1 & )\t ! s5tim5t ( ! beautiful2 m5 full ( en?usiasm = bo?4 ,wom5 immoral1 immode/1 respect+ no?+ or no "o2 m5 moral1 *a/e & rev]5tial4 ,wom5 extravagant & disord]ly2 m5 economical & p>simoni\s to av>ice4 ,wom5 ?or\ghly selfi%1 rigid1 dispos$ to take advantage ( ! weakness1 k9dness1 folly or mis]y ( o!rs2 m5 full ( g5]osity1 mansuetude1 & self-sacrifice4 ,:at foll[s f ^! und5iable facts8 t ! law ( sexual diff]5ces is n manife/$ ?r\gh ! sev]al *>act]i/ics :i* h be5 laid d[n4 ,t ^! *>act]i/ics may be only ! result ( education1 ( ! diff]5ce ( prejudices1 ( t ( occupations1 etc4 ,t1 z ^! g5]alities may be ! fruit ( ! diff]5ce ( tra9+ & surr\nd+s1 no?+ c be legitimately d$uc$ f !m z to ! functions ( woman2 w\ld x n be absurd1 9 fact1 to pret5d t a woman :o is organiz$ = philosophy & ! sci5ces c n1 ought n to occupy h]self ) !m because %e is a woman1 :ile a man1 :o is incapable ( !m b fooli% & va9 en\gh to be ignorant ( 8 incapacity1 c & ought to engage 9 !m because he is a man8 ,functions belong to ^? :o prove _! aptitude = !m1 & n to an ab/raction call$ sex1 =1 def9itively1 e function is individual 9 its aggregate or 9 its elem5ts4 ,,vii4 ,we h expla9$ :y we reject ! !ories t we h sket*$2 we w n[ expla9 :y we nei!r give nor wi% to give a classification ( ! sexes4 ,we d n give a classification1 because we nei!r h nor c h "o2 ! elem5ts = its e/abli%m5t are lack+4 ,a biological d$uction p]mits u to affirm t su* a "o exi/s2 b x is impossible to dis5gage its law 9 ! pres5t surr\nd+s2 ! v]itable fem99e /amp w be kn[n only aft] "o or two c5turies ( l education & equal rights3 !n !re w be no ne$ ( a classification1 = ! function w fall naturally to ! prop] function>y "u a sy/em ( equality 9 :i* ! social elem5ts classify !mselves4 ,my belief & my hopes conc]n+ ! future1 ,i %all n confess2 = ,i may be 9 error1 s9ce ,i h no facts to control my intuitions1 & ev]y?+ t is purely ,utopian has always a dang]\s side4 ,besides h ,i n said t1 _h ,i =m$ a classification1 ,i %\ld n give x8 ,:y n8 ,because1 a dete/able use w\ld be made ( x1 z usual1 if x 7 adopt$4 ,hi!rto1 h n m5 avail$ !mselves ( classifications bas$ ^u *>act]i/ics aft]w>ds recogniz$ z purely imag9>y to oppress1 di/ort & calumniate ^? bani%$ to ! inf]ior ranks8 ,hi/ory is at h& to give u ?is salut>y lesson4 ,:]e is n[ to-day ! ville-p$aille1 ! villa9s & base-t5ants1 fit only to dra9 dit*es & to be /ripp$ to ! sk98 ,inv5t+1 gov]n+1 mak+ laws =1 & gradually trans=m+ our globe1 deva/at$ by ! sup]ior & only capable species1 into a smil+ & peaceful doma94 ,^u all classification ( ! human species1 :e!r 9 ca/es1 9 classes1 or 9 sexes1 are bas$ ?ree wrongs4 ,! fir/ is to make x a crime 9 ! individual degrad$ into ! l[] s]ies1 t he does n resemble ! conv5tional type t has be5 =m$ ( ?is s]ies1 :ile ! s call$ sup]ior be+ is n requir$ to resemble 8 type2 ?us a weak1 c[>dly1 un9tellig5t man1 a man mill9] or an embroid]]1 is none ! less a man1 :ile a virago1 a firm & c\rage\s woman1 a great que51 a woman philosoph] are n wom51 b m5 :om none love & :o are giv5 ov] z a prey to wild bea/s1 jeal\s1 effem9ate m51 to dev\r4 ,! second wrong is to take advantage ( ! conv5tional type to de=m ! be+ class$ 9 ! inf]ior s]ies 9 ord] to kill 8 en]gies & to h9d] 8 progress4 ,!n1 to atta9 ?is end1 education1 social surr\nd+s are organiz$1 prejudices are inv5t$2 & s successfully is ?is done 9 g5]al t ! oppress$1 ignorant ( himself1 believes himself really ( an inf]ior nature1 resigns himself to 8 *a9s1 & is ev5 indignant at ! rebellion ( ^? ( 8 s]ies :o are too en]getic & individual n to react aga9/ ! "p to :i* social imbecility has condemn$ !m4 ,! ?ird wrong is to take advantage ( ! /ate ( debasem5t to :i* ! oppress$ has be5 r$uc$1 to calumniate him & d5y 8 rights2 m5 exclaim1 ,look6 ,see ! s]f6 see ! slave6 see ! negro6 see ! work+man6 see woman6 ,:at rights w\ld y grant ^! inf]ior & feeble natures8 ,!y are incapable ( kn[+ & rul+ !mselves3 we mu/ !re=e ?9k = !m1 wi% = !m1 & gov]n !m4 ,ah no1 g5tlem51 ^! are n m5 & wom52 !y are ! deplorable results ( y\r selfi%ness1 ( y\r frightful _s ( dom9ation1 ( y\r imbecility4444 ,if !re 7 inf]nal gods1 ,i %\ld devote y to !m rel5tlessly ) all my he>t4 ,in/ead ( calumniat+ y\r fell[s t y may pres]ve y\r privileges1 give !m in/ruction & lib]ty2 !n only w y h ! "r to pass judgm5t on _! nature3 = we c only "k ! nature ( a human be+ :5 x has become freely develop$ 9 equality4 ,i ?9k t ,i h ju/ifi$ my repugnance to give a classification ( ! sexes1 bo? by ! impossibility ( actually e/abli%+ a reasonable "o1 & by ! v legitimate fe> ( ! bad use t w\ld be made ( x4 ,b x w be object$1 & n )\t reason1 t a classification is necess>y = social practice4 ,i cons5t to x ) all my he>t1 s9ce ,i h res]v$ my positions1 & prov$ ! wor?lessness ( exi/+ classifications4 ,z x is my pr9ciple t ! function %\ld fall to ! function>y :o proves 8 capacity1 ,i say t at pres5t1 ?r\gh ! diff]5ce ( education1 man & woman h di/9ct functions2 & t we mu/ give to ! latt] ! place t 9 g5]al %e des]ves4 ,i add t x is a violation ( ! natural "r ( woman to =m h] ) a view to c]ta9 functions to :i* %e is de/9$2 %e %\ld 9 all respects enjoy ! rights common to all2 x _c rightfully be said to h] any m ?an to man1 y\r sex _c d t1 _c pret5d to t2 if x does x & pret5ds to x1 x is because ! sex c d x & pret5d to x2 if x c\ld n1 x w\ld n d x2 ! fir/ "r is lib]ty1 ! fir/ duty1 ! culture ( "o's aptitudes1 ! developm5t ( 8 reason & 8 p[] ( usefulness3 if a god %\ld affirm ! contr>y1 n consci5ce1 b ! god w\ld speak falsely4 ,let woman take ! place !re=e t is suit$ to h] pres5t developm5t1 b let h] nev] cease to rememb] t ?is place is n a fix$ po9t1 & t %e %\ld cont9ually /rive to m\nt upw>ds until1 h] peculi> nature reveal+ itself ?r\gh equality ( education1 in/ruction1 "r & duty1 %e takes h] rightful place by ! side ( man & on a level ) him4 ,let h] laugh at all ! utopian follies elaborat$ conc]n+ h] nature1 h] functions det]m9$ = et]nity1 & rememb] t %e is n :at nature1 b :at subjection1 prejudice1 ignorance has made h]2 let h] escape f all h] *a9s1 & no long] p]mit h]self to be intimidat$ & debas$4 ,?us1 g5tlem51 all my ideas on ! nature & functions ( woman may be summ$ up 9 ^! few propositions3 ,i believe1 because a physiological d$uction au?orizes me to d s1 t g5]al humanity common to bo? sexes is /amp$ by sexuality4 ,9 fact1 ,i "k n1 & y "k no bett] ?an ,i1 :at are ! true *>act]i/ics aris+ f ! di/9ction ( ! sexes1 & ,i believe t !y c be reveal$ only by lib]ty 9 equality1 p>ity ( in/ruction & ( education4 ,9 social practice1 functions %\ld belong to ^? :o c p]=m !m3 woman !re=e %\ld p]=m ^? functions = :i* %e %[s h]self qualifi$1 & society %\ld become s organiz$ t ?is may be possible4 ,:at are ^! functions relative to h] degree ( pres5t developm5t8 ,i w tell y directly4 ,,love2 ,,its ,,function ,,9 ,,humanity4 ,i4 ,y tell ! *ild t lies1 x is wrong to deceive2 y w\ld n wi% o!rs to deceive y4 ,y tell ! *ild t pilf]s1 x is wrong to /eal2 y w\ld n wi% o!rs to /eal f y4 ,y tell ! *ild t takes advantage ( 8 /r5g? & k to torm5t 8 y\ng] companion2 y w\ld n wi% o!rs to d ^! ?+s to y2 y are wick$ & c[>dly4 ,^! are good lessons4 ,:y !n1 :5 ! *ild has become a "y man1 d y say3 ,"y m5 mu/ s[ _! wild oats8 ,to s[ _! wild oats is to deceive "y girls1 to de/roy _! future1 to practice adult]y1 to keep mi/resses1 to visit bro!ls4 ,yet mo!rs1 wom5 ?us cons5t to ! pr(anation ( _! sex6 ,^? :o =bade _! *ild to /eal a toy1 p]mit him to /eal ! honor & repose ( human be+s6 ,^? :o %am$ _! son = falsehood1 p]mit him to deceive poor "y girls6 ,^? :o made x a crime 9 _! son to oppress ^? weak] ?an !mselves1 p]mit him to be oppressive & p]fidi\s t[>d wom56 ,!n !y compla9 lat] t _! sons treat !m ill2 t !y di%onor & ru9 !mselves2 ,t !y desire ! dea? ( _! p>5ts1 9 ord] to enri* ! usur]s f :om !y h borr[$ money to ma9ta9 _! mi/resses 9 luxury4 ,!y compla9 t !y de/roy _! heal?1 & give _! mo!rs puny gr&*ildr51 = ^: exi/5ce !y are 9 cont9ual anxiety4 ,ah6 ladies1 y h only :at y des]ve2 be> ! weight ( a jo9t responsibility :i* y _c escape4 ,y au?oriz$ y\r sons to s[ _! wild oats2 endure ! consequ5ces4 ,b a "m _c be ! confid5t ( h] son1 x is said4 ,:y n1 madam1 if y h br\ght him up 9 su* a way z to h no di%onorable confid5ce to make to y4 ,he w\ld h none to make1 if y _h accu/om$ him to conqu] himself1 to respect e woman z ?\gh %e 7 8 "m1 e "y girl z ?\gh %e 7 8 si/]2 to treat o!rs z he w\ld ?9k x "r to be treat$ by !m2 if y _h fully inculcat$ on him t !re is b "o sy/em ( morality1 :i* bo? sexes are equally b\nd to obey2 if y _h caus$ him to honor1 love & practice labor2 if y _h told him t we live to improve ourselves1 to practise ju/ice & k9dness1 & to r5d] back to humanity :at x does = u 9 protect+ u1 enlight5+ u1 r5d]+ u moral1 surr\nd+ u ) security & com=t2 t 9 f9e our glory lies 9 subject+ ourselves to ! great law ( ,duty4 ,if y _h re>$ him 9 ?is mann]1 madam1 on surpris+ 9 y\r son ! fir/ signs ( ! ard5t attraction t man feels t[>d ! o!r sex1 f> f ab&on+ ! education ( ?is in/9ct to ! *ances ( inexp]i5ce1 y w\ld d = x :at y did = ! o!rs2 y w\ld tea* ! "y man to subject x to a wise discipl9e4 ,in/ead ( repeat+ ! /upidly atroci\s phrase2 "y m5 mu/ s[ _! wild oats1 y w\ld h tak5 y\r son's h& affectionately 9 y\r own1 &1 look+ 9 8 face1 w\ld h said3 ,my *ild1 ,nature decrees t a woman %\ld h5ce=? attract y m /rongly ?an ,i1 & %\ld ma9ta9 or de/roy :at ,i h s labori\sly built up3 ,i d n murmur at ?is2 x mu/ be s4 ,b my affection & duty require me to enlight5 y 9 ?is grave juncture4 ,tell me1 if a "y man1 to satisfy ! in/9ct :i* is n[ awak5+ 9 y1 %\ld corrupt y\r si/]1 %\ld sacrifice h] life1 :at w\ld y ?9k ( him8 :at w\ld y d8 ,! "y man1 accu/om$ f *ildhood to practise ,ju/ice1 w\ld n fail to reply3 ,i %\ld ?9k him deprav$ & c[>dly4 ,w\ld he n be puni%$8 ,no1 my son1 ! s$uc] is n puni%$ by ! law4 ,well6 ,i w\ld kill him1 = my "r ( ju/ice rev]ts to me :5 ! law makes no provision4 ,"r1 my *ild4 ,!n y w be nei!r deprav$ nor c[>dly ) respect to any "y girl2 y w n des]ve ! s5t5ce :i* y h pron\nc$2 namely1 dea?4 ,y w respect all "y girls & wom5 z y w\ld wi% y\r si/]1 y\r daught] to be respect$4 ,ano!r "q3 :at w\ld y ?9k ( a man :o %\ld p]suade me to betray y\r fa!r2 :o %\ld rob him ( my he>t & c>es2 :o %\ld draw me aside f ! grave duties ( mat]nity8 ,:at w\ld y ?9k ( ! man :o %\ld act ?us ) respect to y\r own companion8 ,i w\ld judge him l ! =m] & w\ld treat him no bett]4 ,"r aga94 ,!n y w respect all m>ri$ wom5 z y w\ld wi% y\r "m & y\r wife to be respect$2 & if y %\ld meet any "o t[>ds :om y %\ld feel attract$1 or :o %\ld be disloyal en\gh to seek to attract y1 y w %un h]3 = flight is ! sole rem$y = passion4 ,a multitude ( wom51 innoc5t at fir/1 h be5 turn$ aside f ! "r pa? by m5 :o d n ?9k z y d4 ,!y n[ av5ge !mselves ^u y\r sex = ! evil x has done !m4 ,!y corrupt & ru9 m5 :o1 9 _! company1 lose all s5se ( morality1 :o le>n to laugh at :at y believe & v5]ate1 & und]m9e & de/roy _! heal?4 ,d y feel ! deplorable c\rage to expose y\rself to su* risks8 ,! "y man1 practis$ f *ildhood to subject 8 incl9ations to reason & ju/ice1 w\ld reply3 ,no1 "m1 ,i w n d :at ,i w\ld n wi% my companion to d2 ,i w nei!r degrade myself morally1 nor de/roy my heal?1 nor contribute my %>e t[>ds p]petuat+ a /ate ( ?+s :i* degrades ! sex to :i* belongs my "m1 my si/]1 my wife & my daught]s1 %\ld ,i be s happy z to possess !m4 ,i ackn[l$ge frankly t ,i =esee a viol5t /ruggle ) myself1 b1 ?anks to ! moral tra9+ to :i* y h accu/om$ me1 ?anks to ! ideal ( de/9y :i* y h giv5 me1 :i* ,i h accept$ 9 ! pl5itude ( my reason1 & :i* my duty m>ks out = me1 ,i d n despair ( subdu+ myself4--,?is victory w be less difficult to obta91 if y employ y\rself usefully & s]i\sly2 = y w ?us attract y\r vitality to ! sup]ior regions ( ! bra94 ,y w d wisely to add to ?is1 mu* physical ex]cise2 to ab/a9 f too sub/antial a diet1 & especially f /imulat+ dr9ks6 y "k ! reaction ( ! physical ^u ! moral sy/em4 ,c>efully avoid lic5ti\s read+ & improp] conv]sation2 give a place 9 y\r m9d to ! virg9 :o w be unit$ to y2 ?9k & act z if 9 h] pres5ce2 x w gu>d y & keep y pure4 ,?is sweet ideal w /r5g!n y aga9/ temptation1 & contribute greatly to r5d] y ins5sible t[>ds ^? wom5 :o %\ld h no place 9 y\r he>t4 ,love1 my *ild1 is a ?+ mo/ s]i\s 9 its results2 = ! be+s :om x unites become modifi$ by ea* o!r2 x leaves its traces1 h[ev] %ort may be its duration4 ,its end is ,m>riage1 "o ( ! ends ( :i* is ! cont9uity ( ! species4 ,n[1 y "k ! effects ( solid>ity ( blood2 x is mo/ important !re=e t y %\ld *oose = y\r companion a woman ^: "*1 morals & pr9ciples are 9 unison ) y\r own2 n only = y\r happ9ess1 b = ! organization ( y\r *ildr51 ! h>mony ( _! nature & conduct4 ,if passion does n leave y suffici5tly free 9 y\r judgm5t1 come to me3 ,i w see = y1 & if ,i say3 my son1 ?is woman w debase y1 w cause y to commit faults2 be sure t y\r *ildr5 w h evil prop5sities2 %e is n adapt$ to re> !m accord+ to y\r ideal1 :i* %e w nev] accept1 because %e is va9 & selfi%2 if ,i tell y ?is1 ,i "k1 my son1 t :atev] may be y\r suff]+1 y w r5\nce a woman :om y w\ld cease to love aft] a few mon?s' union1 & w pref] a transi5t sadness to a life ( unhapp9ess4 ,,ii4 ,! "m :o has j %[n h] son :y love %\ld be subject$ to ,reason & ,ju/ice1 & has po9t$ out to him :at he %\ld d to subdue its animal phase1 p]ceives also ! awak5+ ( ?is in/9ct 9 h] daught]4 ,%e w9s h] att5tion & ga9s h] confid5ce by reveal+ to h] :at is pass+ )9 h] he>t1 tell+ h] t1 at h] age1 %e felt ! same4 ,hi!rto1 cont9ues %e1 y h be5 b a *ild2 y\r c>e] z a woman is n[ comm5c+4 ,y desire ! affection ( a man1 & y\r he>t is mov$ at ! sweet ?\ght ( becom+ a "m4 ,d n blu%1 my daught]2 x is lawful1 on condition t y\r desires are made subject to ,reason & ! law ( ,duty4 ,_m sn>es w be spread be=e y\r /eps2 = m5 ( all ages address to a "y girl innum]able flatt]+ spee*es1 & surr\nd h] ) homage :i* r5d]s h] va9 & coquetti% if %e has ! weakness to suff] h]self to be intoxicat$ !reby4 ,p]suade y\rself fully t all ?is adoration is n address$ to y individually1 b to y\r y\?1 to ! brightness ( y\r eyes1 to ! fre%ness ( y\r complexion1 & t1 7 y f> bett] ?an y are & f> sup]ior 9 intellect1 ^! m5 w\ld be c]emoni\sly & frigidly polite1 7 y ?irty ye>s old]4 ,?is ?\ght pres5t 9 y\r m9d w make y smile at _! frivol\s & common-place j>gon1 & w pres]ve y f _m weaknesses1 su* z rivalry ( dress1 petty jeal\sies1 & ! ridicul\s blund] ( play+ ! "y girl at fifty4 ,z y c esp\se b "o man1 x is suffici5t to be lov$ by "o 9 ! mann] t y wi%4 ,a woman :o comports h]self volunt>ily s z to captivate ! he>ts ( _m m51 & leaves ea* to believe t %e pref]s him above all1 is an unwor?y coquette1 :o s9s aga9/ ,ju/ice & ,k9dness3 aga9/ ,ju/ice1 inasmu* z %e dem&s a s5tim5t = :i* %e c make no return2 z %e acts t[>ds o!rs z %e w\ld ?9k x unju/ t o!rs %\ld act t[>ds h]2 aga9/ ,k9dness1 inasmu* z %e risks caus+ suff]+ to s9c]e he>ts & sacrific+ _! repose to a pleasurable impulse ( vanity3 su* a woman1 my *ild1 is contemptible2 %e is a dang]\s enemy ( h] sex2 fir/1 because %e gives a bad op9ion ( x2 next1 because %e is an enemy to ! repose ( o!r wom52 ,i "k t y are too +5u\s1 too true & too wor?y to fe> t y w fall into su* errors4 ,y h ackn[l$g$ to me t y\r "y imag9ation _h pictur$ to itself a man4 ,f> f bani%+ ?is ideal1 let x be always pres5t to y\r m9d1 mu* less 9 its physical aspect ?an 9 t ( intellect1 morality & indu/ry4 ,?is image w d m to keep y safe ?an all my c\nsels1 ?an all ! surveillance t ,i might1 b nev] w\ld ex]cise ov] y1 because ?is w\ld be unwor?y ( u bo?4 ,d n =get h[ev] t an ideal is absolute2 t ! reality is always defective2 d n !re=e seek 9 ! man to :om y %all give y\r he>t1 a realization ( ! ideal1 b ! qualities & faculties :i*1 ) y\r aid1 w p]mit him to approximate to :at y wi% to see him4 ,y y\rself are ! ideal ( a man1 n su* z y are1 b su* z he w aid y to become4 ,i dwell ^u ?is po9t1 my daught]1 because no?+ is m dang]\s ?an to insi/ on f9d+ ! ideal 9 ! reality2 ?is makes u ov] difficult & lack+ 9 indulg5ce2 &1 if we h a lively imag9ation & little reason1 r5d]s u unhappy & involves u 9 innum]able errors4 ,y "k & feel t ! end ( love is ,m>riage2 n[ "o ( y\r duties z lov] & sp\se is ! improvem5t ( ! "o to :om y %all be unit$4 ,y w /& ) him 9 two diff]5t relations6 fir/ z 8 betro!d1 aft]w>ds z 8 wife4 ,y\r modify+ p[] w1 9 ! fir/ case1 be ex]cis$ 9 a direct proportion to 8 desire to please & to be wor?y ( y2 9 ! second1 9 proportion to 8 confid5ce1 e/eem & affection = y4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 he w wi% to modify himself2 9 ! second1 he w d s )\t kn[+ x4 ,:at1 "m1 w he n always love me ! same8 ,love1 my *ild1 und]goes trans=mations :i* we %\ld expect & to :i* we %\ld submit2 9 ! beg9n+ x is a fev] ( ! s\l2 b fev] is a condition :i* _c la/ )\t de/roy+ life4 ,y\r husb&1 :ile lov+ y p]haps m deeply1 w love y less ard5tly ?an be=e ,m>riage4 ,y\r love w become trans=m$1 :y %all n 8 be ! same8 ,y _c imag9e h[ mu* tr\ble results f ! ignorance ( wom5 on ?is po9t1 & f ! va9 pursuit ( ! ideal 9 love4 ,_m wom51 believ+ t _! husb& loves !m no long] because he loves !m 9 a diff]5t mann]1 become deta*$ f him1 suff]1 & betray _! duties2 o!rs1 dream+ ( p]fection 9 ! lov$ "o1 fancy t !y h f\nd x1 & becom+ disabus$ aft] ! fev] has pa/1 quit him1 accus+ him ( hav+ deceiv$ !m2 !y love o!rs ) ! same illusion1 foll[$ by ! same dis5*antm5t1 until age creeps on )\t cur+ !m ( ! *im]a4 ,la/ly1 !re are o!rs :o1 compreh5d+ only ! fir/ p]iod ( love1 cease to love ! man :o has pass$ beyond x1 & pursue ano!r love :i* w br+ !m ! same fev]2 ^!1 z y compreh5d1 h n ! slighte/ idea ( woman's grave duties 9 ,love4 ,:at ,i h j said ( wom5 is equally true ( m54 ,y w avoid ^! dang]s1 my daught]1 y :o h be5 accu/om$ f *ildhood to submit to reason2 :o "k t all reality is imp]fect1 t habit weak5s s5tim5t1 y w !re=e take ! man :o suits y1 z he is1 design+ to improve him & to r5d] him happy1 kn[+ 9 advance t 8 love w *ange )\t becom+ ext+ui%$1 if y succe$ 9 ga9+ 8 affection1 confid5ce & e/eem1 s t he w f9d 9 y good c\nsel1 peace1 assi/ance & security4 ,y are too pure1 my daught]1 to =esee all ! sn>es t w be spread = y4 ,x belongs to me !re=e to arm y\r y\?ful prud5ce3 ,y w p]haps enc\nt] m5 m>ri$ or betro!d :o1 accord+ to ! common expression1 w pay c\rt to y1 & w utt] innum]able sophisms to ju/ify _! conduct4 ,_! sophisms w\ld fall to ! gr\nd be=e ! simple answ]3 ,sir1 z ,i %\ld be driv5 to despair if ano!r woman %\ld rob me ( him :om ,i lov$1 z ,i %\ld despise & hate h]1 all y\r complim5ts _c p]suade me t x is "r = me to d :at ,i w\ld n t o!rs %\ld d to me4 ,if y return to ! subject1 ,i %all in=m ! p]son int]e/$4 ,"r1 my *ild3 b if a "y man :o 0 free %\ld speak ( love1 & urge y to write to him 9 secret8 ,might he n h good reason = act+ 9 ?is mann]8 ,none1 my *ild4 ,y mu/ "k t m5 are exce$+ly corrupt2 t _m among !m es*ew m>riage1 flit f "o woman to ano!r1 take advantage ( our cr$ulity1 & make use ( ! mo/ impassion$ language to lead u 9 ! way ( %ame & p]dition4 ,n[1 my *ild1 "k besides t we be> ! weight ( m5's faults z well z ( our own2 ! v]bal & writt5 promises ( a man b9d him to no?+4 ,if1 suff]+ y\rself to be l$ a/ray1 y %\ld become a "m1 ! *ild w\ld rema9 y\r *>ge2 & y c\ld no long] hope = m>riage2 ,i say no?+ ( our grief & %ame1 nor ( ! t]rible risks to :i* y w\ld expose y\r bro!r1 :o might p]i% 9 puni%+ ! vile s$uc] :om ! law does n t\*4 ,if a man seeks y !re=e unkn[n to u1 be sure t x is because 8 int5tions are evil2 t he consid]s y z a toy :i* he purposes to break :5 x ceases to amuse him4 ,n[1 my daught]1 y "k t woman is creat$ to be ! wor?y companion ( man2 t %e is n born to be sacrific$ to him z an object ( pleasure4 ,in/ead !re=e ( suff]+ y\rself to be s$uc$1 pr(it by ! influ5ce ov] m5 :i* is giv5 y by y\r beauty & grace1 to recall !m to _! duties3 9 ?is mann]1 y may be ! means ( sav+ _m wom52 y w give a favorable op9ion ( y\r sex1 & w prep>e a good example = y\r daught] by sett+ "o to y\r companions1 _m ( :om w foll[ x 9 ord] to %>e 9 ! e/eem t w surr\nd y2 always rememb] t our acts n only injure ourselves1 b we h a jo9t responsibility ) o!rs1 & consequ5tly no "o c be lo/ or sav$ alone4 ,"o ^w m1 my *ild4 ,9 y\r unc]ta9ties1 d n hesitate to confide y\r tr\bles to me2 d n say1 ,my "m is too reasonable to und]/& me 9 ?is4 ,0 x n by becom+ a *ild aga9 9 ord] to compreh5d y1 t ,i fulfill$ my sacr$ task ( in/ructor8 be p]suad$ t x w n be m difficult = me to become a "y girl aga9 9 ord] to compreh5d1 :ile rema9+ a t5d] & exp]i5c$ "m to advise y4 ,y are free3 ,i am n y\r c5sor1 b y\r eld] si/]1 :o loves y ) devotion & desires y\r happ9ess be=e all ?+s4 ,z a recomp5se = my love & my long-cont9u$ c>es1 ,i only ask to be y\r be/ fri5d2 t is1 ! "o 9 ^: pres5ce y w ?9k & speak al\d4 ,is ?is ask+ too mu* ( y1 :o are my joy & cr[n4 ,?is is ! way1 ladies1 9 :i* ! woman :o has atta9$ majority1 /rives to educate ! _w 9 ,love4 ,,iii4 ,! "y girl & "y man ent] into society4 ,! prud5t "m kn[s t x is g5tly ins9uat$ to h] son t %e is a prude1 a dot>d :o kn[s no?+ ( ! passions2 :o does n suspect t ev]y?+ 9 nature is good1 & %\ld be respect$2 & :o has read ! hi/ory ( our species to s little purpose t %e has n p]ceiv$ t humanity has love 9 all =ms3 ! polygamic & poly&ric1 & ev5 444 ! ambigu\s4 ,%e kn[s also1 t he is told t ! satisfaction ( ! animal in/9ct is necess>y to ! heal? ( man1 & t bro!ls are places ( public utility4 ,%e kn[s1 la/ly1 t "y & giddy girls1 ) lax pr9ciples1 make dang]\s confid5ces to h] daught]4 ,x is "t1 9 opposition to ^! lax doctr9es & p]nici\s examples1 to give to h] *ildr5 ! philosophy ( ,love4 ,accord+ to h] me?od1 %e suff]s is to elucidate itself4 ,my son1 says %e1 :at is ! end ( ! attraction ( m9]al molecules t[>ds ea* o!r8 ,,son4 ,! production ( a body hav+ a det]m9$ =m4 ,,"m4 ,:at is ! end ( ! attraction ( ! plant = heat1 light1 air1 ! elem5ts :i* x absorbs8 ,,son4 ,! production ( its own body1 ! developm5t ( its organs1 & ( its prop]ties1 its pres]vation4 ,,"m4 ,& d y "k1 my daught]1 :at is ! end ( ! attraction ( ! pi/il & /am5s ( ! fl[]4 ,,daught]4 ,! production ( a be+ resembl+ its p>5ts4 ,,"m4 ,:y d we z well z ! animals exp]i5ce an incl9ation or attraction = c]ta9 k9ds ( food8 ,,son4 ,x is evid5tly 9 ord] to incite to action ! organs :i* procure to ! organism ! elem5ts adapt$ to produce blood4 ,,"m4 ,:y d bo? sexes ( ! same species exp]i5ce an attraction t[>ds ea* o!r8 ,,daught]4 ,= ! production ( "y to p]petuate ! species4 ,,"m4 ,:y d ! females1 & (t5 males among animals exp]i5ce an incl9ation or attraction to take c>e ( ! "y8 ,,daught]4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve !m & to educate !m z f> z is 9 _! p[]1 t !y may be able to provide = !mselves4 ,,"m4 ,are y q sure1 my *ildr51 t ! end ( ^! attractions is n ! attraction itself1 ! procurem5t ( a pleasure8 ,,son4 ,! pleasure seems to me only ! means ( impell+ ! be+ to fulfill a necess>y or useful function4 ,?us ! end ( our sci5tific1 arti/ic & indu/rial incl9ations or attractions is n ! pleasure :i* we take 9 _! satisfaction1 b ! production ( sci5ce1 art & indu/ry4 ,,daught]4 ,t is1 ! increase & progress ( our intellect ?r\gh ! k ( ! laws ( ,nature1 9 ord] to modify ?is nature ) a view to our wants & pleasures4 ,,"m4 ,to :at incl9ation or attraction is ,society due8 ,,son4 ,to our attraction = our fell[ be+s4 ,,daught]4 ,?is attraction is ! fa!r ( ,ju/ice & ( ,goodness3 x produces !m4 ,,"m4 ,w y g5]alize ! "* ( ?is incl9ation or attraction 9 accordance ) :at we h j said8 ,,son4 ,! end ( all attraction or incl9ation is ! production1 progress & pres]vation ( be+s4 ,,"m4 ,are all in/9cts good :i* are m]ely incl9ations or attractions8 ,,son4 ,= animals1 :i* are subject to fatality1 !y are2 because !y t5d directly to _! end1 )\t ev] appe>+ to deviate f x4 ,9 our species1 !y are good 9 pr9ciple1 if we reg>d _! end2 b !y may become evil ?r\gh ! deviation to :i* our lib]ty subjects !m4 ,,"m4 ,by :at tok5 c we "k t our in/9ct has a "r t5d5cy8 ,,daught]4 ,by comp>+ its use ) its end2 by assur+ ourselves t ?is use is n prejudicial to ! practice ( ju/ice1 t x does n detract f ! "r ( any ( our faculties2 t is1 t x di/urbs nei!r our individual h>mony nor t ( o!rs2 = x is on ^! conditions alone t x c cop]ate 9 ! realization ( ! social ideal4 ,,"m4 ,v well4 ,n[ apply ?is g5]al doctr9e to human love1 my *ildr54 ,,son4 ,s9ce love is "o ( ! =ms ( attraction1 & s9ce ! g5]al end ( attraction is ! production1 progress & pres]vation ( be+s & species1 x is evid5t t human love %\ld possess ^! *>act]i/ics4 ,its pr9cipal function appe>s to me to be ! reproduction ( ! species4 ,,daught]4 ,x seems to me1 bro!r1 t ?is is n en\gh2 s9ce true husb&s & wives d n cease to love ea* o!r aft] ?is end has be5 fulfill$1 & s9ce p]sons may love )\t hav+ *ildr54 ,,"m4 ,y are "r1 my daught]2 our faculties be+ m num]\s & m fully develop$ ?an ^? ( ! animals1 our love _c be incomplete l !irs2 x _c be ( ! same nature 9 our progressive species z 9 ^? species fatal & unprogressive ( !mselves4 ,9 u1 ea* faculty1 prop]ly employ$1 aids 9 ! improvem5t ( all ! re/1 wrongly employ$1 x int]rupts our h>mony & l[]s u2 x is ! same ) our love4 ,or r ?is passion is ! "o t mo/ ( all causes u to gr[ or to decl9e4 ,y "k1 my *ildr51 t humanity advances only by =m+ itself an ideal & endeavor+ to realize x4 ,e passion has its ideal1 :i* is modifi$ by t ( ! :ole4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 man1 9 ! animal /ate1 made ! end ( love ! pleasure result+ f ! satisfaction ( a :olly physical want3 he c>$ no?+ = ! mo/ evid5t aim--prog5y4 ,a little lat]1 man less gross1 lov$ woman = h] beauty & fruitfulness2 ?is 0 ! patri>*al age ( love4 ,lat] /ill1 ! ,nor!rn races wr\ght a *ange 9 ?is in/9ct2 love became decompos$1 z x 72 ! lov] possess$ ! love ( ! s\l2 ! woman 0 lov$ n only = h] beauty1 b z ! inspir] ( l(ty de$s2 ! husb& 0 ! possessor ( ! body alone & ! *ildr5 7 ! fruit ( m>riage2 ?is 0 ! *ivalr\s age ( love4 ,s9ce pacific labor has be5 organiz$ & has ga9$ a place 9 public op9ion1 love has ent]$ a new phase2 _m among ! mod]ns consid] x z ! initiative ( labor4 ,"s reg>d ! attraction ( pleasure z play+ ! *ief "p 9 indu/rial production1 & leave full lib]ty to ! attraction1 h[ev] inconsi/5t x may be2 o!rs pres]ve ! c\ple1 & trans=m woman into ! mov+ p[] ( action2 ! love t %e inspires excites ! ef=ts ( ! work]4 ,! progress hi!rto made by humanity is !re=e t love has n[ = its end ! p]petuation ( ! species1 ! modification ( man by woman1 & ! production ( labor4 ,9 a high] ideal ( ,ju/ice1 ! sexes be+ equal 9 rights1 love w h a high] end2 ! sp\ses w unite on acc\nt ( con=mity ( pr9ciples1 union ( he>ts1 w$d+ ( intellects1 common labor3 love w jo9 !m to d\ble _! /r5g?1 to modify !m by ea* o!r1 f ! friction ( _! he>ts w be /ruck out s5tim5ts :i* nei!r w\ld h _h alone2 f ! union ( _! intellects w be born ?\ghts :i* nei!r w\ld h _h alone2 f ! aid t !y w l5d ea* o!r 9 _! common labor w proce$ works t nei!r w\ld h accompli%$ alone1 z f ! union ( _! :ole be+1 w be born new g5]ations m p]fect ?an ! prec$+ because !y w be ! product ( ! greate/ possible h>mony4 ,x w be only :5 woman %all take h] lawful place t humanity w see love 9 all its spl5dor1 & t ?is passion1 subv]sive to-day 9 inequality & incoh]5ce1 w become :at x %\ld be2 "o ( ! great in/rum5ts ( ,progress4 ,we1 my *ildr51 :o are too rational to mi/ake ! means by :i* ,nature impels u to accompli% h] designs = ! designs !mselves1 w take c>e n to fancy t ! end ( love is pleasure2 on ! o!r h&1 we h too mu* respect = equality to imag9e t x is = ! b5efit ( "o sex alone4 ,we w rema9 fai?ful to ! ideal ( our l(ty de/9ies1 9 def9+ love z ! reciprocal attraction ( man & woman ) ! end ( p]petuat+ ! species1 ( improv+ ! p>tn]s mutually ) respect to intellect & feel+1 & ( advanc+ sci5ce1 art & indu/ry by ! labor ( ! pair4 ,,iv4 ,sophi/s h told y1 my son1 t all our incl9ations are 9 ,nature2 t !y are good & %\ld be respect$4 ,y ask$ !m d\btless :e!r ! incl9ations to !ft1 to assass9ation1 to violation1 to an?ropophagy1 :i* are 9 ,nature1 are good1 & :y1 in/ead ( respect+ !m1 society puni%es _! manife/ation4 ,y demon/rat$ to !m1 ,i hope1 t !re is no?+ comm5dable 9 ! exagg]ation or ! p]v]sion ( in/9cts4 ,y demon/rat$ to !m1 ,i hope1 t ,nature is brutal fatality aga9/ :i* we are b\nd to /ruggle bo? )9 & )\t ourselves2 t our ,ju/ice & virtue are compos$ only ( conque/s made ov] x 9 u1 z all t con/itutes our physical well-be+ is only ! result ( conque/s made ov] x outside ( u4 ,^! sophi/s h told y t love comes & goes )\t our kn[+ h[ or :]e=e2 & t we c no m comm& x to spr+ up ?an to endure4 ,?is is true1 my son1 ( ! brutal desires ( ! fle%1 :i* is ! passion ( animals alone1 & is ext+ui%$ by possession4 ,?is is also true ( t complex passion :i* has its seat 9 ! imag9ation & ! s5ses1 & ends ) ! illusion t is always ( %ort duration4 ,b x is n true ( g5u9e love2 ?is sees bo? ! faults & ! virtues ( ! lov$ "o2 b s(t5s ! fir/ & exalts ! la/1 & hopes by degrees to put an end to t :i* w\nds x4 ,?is s5tim5t :i* takes possession ( ! he>t1 is pati5t2 x be>s le/ x become effac$1 x surr\nds itself ) precautions 9 ord] to rema9 con/ant2 if x becomes ext9ct1 x is n unconsci\sly3 = we suff] cruel tortures be=e resolv+ to cease to love4 ,y h be5 told t love is irrepressible2 are we !n be+s ( fatality8 ,?is sophism r5d]s man c[>dly & depraves him2 = :at is ! use ( /ruggl+ aga9/ :at we "k to be unconqu]able1 & :y n sacrifice to x ! be/ ( our t5d5cies8 ,exam9e ! conduct ( ! p>tisans ( su* a doctr9e4 ,! human ideal requires t !y %all n d to o!rs :at !y w\ld n ?9k x j t o!rs %\ld d to !m2 yet !y s$uce maid5s1 make !m mo!rs1 & ab&on !m )\t c>+ ab\t ! *ildr5 born ( ^! unions2 )\t c>+ :e!r ! "y "m commits suicide1 dies ( grief1 or becomes deprav$2 )\t c>+ :e!r ! p>5ts g d[n to ! grave4 ,l deadly reptiles1 !y glide to ! dome/ic fireside ( o!rs1 rob _! fri5d ( ! affection ( 8 wife1 & =ce him to labor = ! *ildr5 ( adult]y4 ,! woman :o believes 9 irrepressible love breaks h] pl$ges to h] husb&2 lives a life ( deceit2 br+s tr\ble & sorr[ into ! h\ses ( o!r wom51 ^: lives are blight$ by h]4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ^? :o practice ?is sophi/ry fulfil _! duty to be j1 n to afflict _! fell[s1 to labor = ! happ9ess & improvem5t ( ^? ab\t !m1 to pres]ve ! weak f oppression & wrong4 ,to ?is pret5d$ irrepressibility ( love1 !y sacrifice ,ju/ice1 goodness1 ! happ9ess1 repose & honor ( o!rs2 lead !m into ! pa? ( dissipation2 br+ dissolution into ! family & society2 9 a ^w1 (f] up z a sacrifice to animal in/9ct1 moral s5se & reason4 ,y h also be5 told t e species ( love is f\nd 9 ,nature2 ! polyamic & polyg&ric1 z well z t ( ! con/ant pair4 ,yes1 my *ild1 e species ( love is f\nd 9 ,nature1 z is e species ( vice & e species ( virtue4 ,b y "k t x is n en\gh t a ?+ exi/s )9 u to prove x to be good2 x mu/ be 9 con=mity ) ! ideal ( our de/9y1 ) our h>mony3 x is wrong 9 ! opposite case4 ,love1 su* z we h def9$ x1 ne$s duration & equality2 duration1 because we d n become modifi$ 9 a few mon?s2 because we d n accompli% great works 9 a few mon?s2 because we d n re> *ildr5 9 a few mon?s2 duration is s truly an aspiration ( love1 t x imag9es t et]nity w h>dly suffice = x4 ,x mu/ h equality2 division is hateful to x2 x w !re=e h a unit = a unit1 bo? male & female4 ,n[ polygamy & poly&ria are ! negation ( equality1 ( dignity 9 love4 ,let u consid] ! effects ( ^! two deviations ( in/9ct4 ,ori5tal polygamy r5d]s human be+s pr(\ndly unequal1 trans=ms wom5 into cattle1 mutilates ?\s&s ( m5 to gu>d ! h>ems1 depraves ! possessor ( wom5 by despotism & cruelty1 conc5trates all 8 vitality ^u a s+le in/9ct at ! exp5se ( intellect1 reason & activity2 :5ce x foll[s t he is lo/ to sci5ce1 art1 indu/ry1 society accord+ to "r3 t he submits )\t repugnance to despotism1 & passively ext5ds 8 neck to ! halt]4 ,!re1 no influ5ce is wield$ by woman1 :o is subject$ to design$ en]vation1 :o is deprav$ 9 z hide\s a mann] z ! eunu*1 h] keep]4 ,?us1 inequality 9 love & 9 "r1 ab&onm5t ( art1 sci5ce & indu/ry1 intellectual & physical en]vation1 debasem5t ( ! moral s5se--su* are vices inh]5t to ! polygamy ( ! ,ea/4 ,y see t ?is is f> f ! ideal ( our de/9ies4 ,9 our ,we/1 polygamy de facto produces ! cattle ( ! bro!l1 legions ( c\rtesans :o ru9 families4 ,z _m ( ^! wom5 are diseas$1 !y infect ^? :o associate ) !m ) fe>ful maladies :i* und]m9e _! con/itutions1 & ?us pave ! way = puny (fspr+1 consequ5tly1 = weak m9ds & feeble intellects4 ,i appeal = pro( to ! conscription2 nev] 7 s _m exemptions se5 z n[ on acc\nt ( "u size1 al?\gh ! /&>d has be5 l[]$1 nev] 7 s _m exemptions se5 z n[ = con/itutional imp]fections & acquir$ disease4 ,to vitiate ! g5]ation 9 its g]m is n ! only crime ( our polygamy2 x en]vates ^? :o practice x1 = no?+ leads to excess1 consequ5tly to en]vation1 s mu* z ! *ange ( relations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 our polygami/s become trans=m$ into ma*9es ( s5sation2 !n intellect gr[s weak2 !y become /upid & selfi%4 ,look at ! pitiable "y m5 ( ! pres5t "t1 emaciat$ by _! vices & by ^? ( _! sires2 sc(f]s1 fai?less1 je/+ at ! mo/ sacr$ ?+s1 despis+1 n only ! corrupt wom51 _! wor?y companions1 b also ! :ole sex to :i* _! mo!rs belong2 look at !m2 s gross z to sick5 ! obs]v]1 no?+ long] comm&s _! respect2 !y ?ru/ aside gray hair$ wom5 f ! sidewalk into ! gutt]2 !y are imp]t95t to old m52 !y put "y girls to ! blu% ) _! cynical spee*es2 polygamy has r5d]$ !m ignoble1 & has de/roy$ our native urbanity z well z all dignity4 ,!y w tell y t wom5 are b little bett] ?an !y4 ,b ?is result becomes inevitable 9 a c\ntry 9 :i* wom5 are n kept 9 seclusion4 ,poly&ria becomes ! necess>y companion ( polygamy2 = s9ce m5 consid] !mselves at lib]ty to h m ?an "o woman1 :y %\ld wom5 consid] !mselves =bidd5 to h m ?an "o man8 ,f9ally1 my son1 ! results ( irrepressible love1 ,polygamy & ,poly&ria 9 our ,we/]n c\ntry are3 ,! s$uction & corruption ( wom52 ,adult]y1 debasem5t ( "*2 ! moral & intellectual enfeebl+ ( bo? sexes2 ,! en]vation & deg5]acy ( ! race2 ,falsehood1 deceit1 cruelty1 inju/ice ( e k9d1 ! use ( woman by man = h] beauty1 t ( man by woman = 8 money or position2 ,! dissolution & ru9 ( ! family2 ,sev]al ?\s& illegitimate *ildr5 annually1 )\t c\nt+ abortions2 ,su* is ! value ( ^! !ories put 9 practice4 ,is ?is 9 con=mity ) our ideal ( human love8 ,is x 9 con=mity ) our ideal ( human de/9y1 :i* requires t we %all progress & cause o!rs to progress 9 good2 t we %all practice ,ju/ice & ,goodness8 ,a ^w m1 & we h done4 ,:5 ,rome _h ceas$ to believe 9 *a/ity1 9 ! sacr$ness ( oa?s2 :5 %e wall[$ 9 polygamic & poly&ric cu/oms2 :5 %e took pleasure = h] end1 tyranny appe>$4 ,no?+ 0 m natural3 man b9ds captive ^? only :o h fir/ suff]$ !mselves to be b\nd "u ! yoke ( be/ial in/9ct3 he :o kn[s h[ to gov]n himself does n yield ob$i5ce to man2 he b[s only be=e ! law :5 x is ! expression ( ,reason4 ,rememb]1 my son1 t we are p[]ful only ?r\gh *a/ity2 only ?us c we produce great works 9 sci5ce1 art & indu/ry2 only ?us c we practice ,ju/ice1 be wor?y ( lib]ty4 ,outside ( *a/ity1 !re is no?+ b degradation1 inju/ice1 impot5ce1 slav]y2 & e nation t =sakes x falls f ! arms ( despotism into ! grave4 ,d n suff] y\rself !re=e to be mov$ by mod]n sophisms1 h always be=e y\r ?\ghts y\r obligations z a moral & a free be+1 y\r duties z a memb] ( humanity2 subject all t is )9 y to ,reason1 to ,ju/ice1 to ! s5tim5t ( y\r dignity1 & live l a man1 n l a brute4 ,,m>riage1 ,a ,,dialogue4 ,,read]4 ,we are ab\t to speak ( ,m>riage f ! /& po9t ( ! mod]n ideal--h[ d y def9e x8 ,,au?or4 ,love1 sanction$ by ,society4 ,,read]4 ,d y consid] ,m>riage z indissoluble8 ,,au?or4 ,be=e ! law1 ,i d n2 b at ! mom5t ( _! union1 ! sp\ses %\ld h full confid5ce t ! bond w nev] be dissolv$4 ,i believe t ,m>riage becomes indissoluble by ! w alone ( ! sp\ses2 t x c be s only 9 ?is mann]4 ,,read]4 ,:at "p d y assign to ,society 9 ,m>riage8 ,,au?or4 ,y %all fix x y\rself aft] recall+ our pr9ciples4 ,if man & woman are free be+s at any p]iod ( _! life1 !y _c legally & validly lose _! lib]ty4 ,if man & woman are be+s socially equal 9 any ( _! relations1 ! "o _c legally1 validly be subord9at$ to ! o!r4 ,if ! cont9ual end ( ! human be+ is to become p]fect$ ?r\gh lib]ty1 & to seek happ9ess1 no law c legitimately1 validly turn him aside f its pursuit4 ,if ! end ( society %\ld be to r5d] individuals equal x _c1 "u p5alty ( =feit+ its mission1 con/itute inequality ( p]sons & ( rights4 ,if ,society _c )\t iniquity ent] ! doma9 ( individual lib]ty1 x _c lawfully1 validly prescribe duties t p]ta9 only to ! jurisdiction ( ! consci5ce1 & annul moral lib]ty4 ,n[ draw y\r conclusions4 ,,read]4 ,f ^! pr9ciples1 x foll[s t man & woman %\ld rema9 free & equal 9 ,m>riage2 t ,society has no "r to int]v5e 9 _! association except to r5d] !m equal2 t x has no "r to prescribe to !m duties :i* proce$ only f love1 nor consequ5tly to puni% _! violation1 t x _c 9 pr9ciple grant or refuse divorce1 because x belongs to ! husb& & wife alone to "k :e!r x is useful = _! happ9ess & progress to be sep>at$ f ea* o!r4 ,,au?or4 ,y\r conclusions are "r1 b if ,society has no "r ov] ! body or ! s\l ( ! husb& & wife 9 _! capacity ( sp\ses1 if x _c )\t abuse ( p[] int]f]e 9 any ( _! intimate relations1 x is its "r & duty to int]v5e 9 ,m>riage z reg>ds int]e/s & *ildr54 ,,read]4 ,9 fact1 9 ! union ( ! sexes1 !re is n m]ely an association ( two free & equal p]sons1 b also a p>tn]%ip ( capital & labor2 !n1 f ! m>riage1 *ildr5 are born = ^: education1 occupation & subsi/5ce x is necess>y to provide4 ,,au?or4 ,n[1 ! g5]al protection ( mat]ial int]e/s & ( ! ris+ g5]ation devolves ( "r ^u ,society4 ,9 ! sight ( ! law1 ! husb& & wife ought to be reg>d$ only z p>tn]s1 engag+ to employ a c]ta9 %>e ( capital1 toge!r ) _! labor1 = a def9ite purpose4 ,society takes note only ( a contract ( int]e/s1 ! execution ( :i* x gu>antees l t ( any o!r contract1 & ! brea* ( :i* x makes public1 %\ld x take place by ! wi% ( ! p>ties int]e/$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! education ( ! ris+ g5]ation is a "q ( life & dea? to ,society4 ,! *ildr5 be+ free ) respect to developm5t1 & liable to be useful or injuri\s to _! fell[ citiz5s accord+ to ! tra9+ :i* !y h receiv$1 society has a "r to wat* ov] !m1 to secure _! mat]ial support1 _! moral future1 to fix ! age ( m>riage1 to entru/ ! *ildr5 to ! m des]v+ p>5t 9 case ( sep>ation1 & if bo? are unwor?y1 to take !m away entirely4 ,,read]4 ,d y n g a little too f>2 on ! "o h&1 d n *ildr5 belong to _! p>5ts1 on ! o!r1 may n ,society err ) respect to ! *oice ( ! pr9ciples to be in/ill$ 9 !m8 ,,au?or4 ,*ildr5 d n belong to _! p>5ts because !y are n ,,?+s3 to ^? :o ob/9ately p]si/ 9 believ+ !m prop]ty1 we say t ,society has ! "r ( dispossession = ! public good4 ,!n ! social "r ov] *ildr5 is limit$ s f> z pr9ciples are conc]n$ to ^? ( morality4 ,society has no "r ov] religi\s beliefs :i* belong to ! doma9 ( spiritual jurisdiction4 ,! p[] t %\ld take away *ildr5 f _! p>5ts because !y 7 n ( a c]ta9 religi\s fai? w\ld be guilty ( despotism1 & w\ld m]it univ]sal execration4 ,if y say t ,society has no "r to impose a dogma ^u *ildr51 y speak truly2 b ,i _c conceive h[ y c ent]ta9 ! ?\ght ( =bidd+ x ! "r to tea* !m1 ev5 aga9/ ! w ( _! p>5ts1 enlight5+ sci5ce1 purify+ morality4 ,is x n ! duty ( society to secure ! progress ( its memb]s1 & c any "o h a "r to keep a human be+ 9 ignorance & evil8 ,,read]4 ,y are "r1 & ,i condemn myself4 ,let u return to ,m>riage4 ,i see ) pleasure t y diff] 9 op9ion f a numb] ( mod]n innovators :o d5y ! lawfulness ( social int]f]5ce 9 ! union ( ! sexes4 ,,au?or4 ,if ! union 7 )\t protection1 :o w\ld suff] by x8 ,n m51 b r wom5 & *ildr54 ,no "o c compel a man to live ) a woman :om he has ceas$ to love2 b he mu/ be con/ra9$ to fulfill 8 duties ) respect to ! *ildr5 born ( ?is union1 & to keep 8 bus9ess engagem5ts3 9 wrong+ 8 companion & escap+ f ! burd5s ( pat]nity1 he takes advantage ( 8 lib]ty to ! detrim5t ( o!rs3 ,society has a "r to prev5t ?is4 ,,read]4 ,s y d n grant to ,society ! "r ( b9d+ s\ls or bodies2 b t ( gu>antee+ ! contract ( ,m>riage1 & ! obligations ( ! sp\ses t[>ds _! future *ildr52 ( =c+ !m1 9 case ( sep>ation1 to fulfill ?is la/ obligation8 ,,au?or4 ,yes2 ?us 9 case ( ! rupture ( ! m>riage tie1 society has only to /ate publicly ! responsibilities ( ! sp\ses1 ! numb] ( *ildr51 & ! "n ( ! p>5t on :om _! gu>dian%ip devolves1 ei!r by mutual cons5t or by social au?ority4 ,& 9 conf9+ itself to ?is "p1 ,society w\ld d m to prev5t ! sep>ation ( m>ri$ c\ples ?an by all t x has hi!rto fooli%ly inv5t$ = ! purpose4 ,! p>ties w\ld be free to m>ry aga92 b :at woman w\ld be will+ to unite h]self to a man :o 0 burd5$ ) sev]al *ildr51 or :o _h treat$ 8 fir/ companion unk9dly8 ,:at man w\ld cons5t to w$ a woman 9 ! same position8 ,d y n ?9k t ! difficulty t w\ld be exp]i5c$ 9 contract+ a new m>riage w\ld be a curb on ! incon/ancy & bad conduct t lead to a rupture8 ,,read]4 ,i believe inde$ t m>riage1 z y und]/& x1 w\ld h m *ances ( duration ?an ours3 fir/1 because x is our nature to cl+ mo/ closely to t :i* we may lose4 ,i h (t5 ask$ myself :y _m m5 rema9 fai?ful to _! mi/resses & treat !m k9dly1 :ile !y are disrespectful & unfai?ful to _! wives2 ,i h ask$ myself also :y _m c\ples :o _h long liv$ happily toge!r :5 volunt>ily unit$1 7 unhappy & (t5 driv5 to a legal sep>ation :5 !y _h f9ally m>ri$2 & ! only reason t ,i h be5 able to f9d is t we set ! mo/ value on t :i* we "k may escape u4 ,man has m respect = a woman :o is n 8 legal prop]ty1 8 inf]ior1 ?an = h] :o is ?us trans=m$ by ! law4 ,not)/&+1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t y\r ideas appe> ecc5tric4 ,,au?or4 ,yet !y are no?+ m ?an an application ( our laws2 inde$1 d !y n decree t cov5ants c h ?+s only1 n p]sons = _! object4 ,t ,society does n recognize v[s1 & t proce$+s _c be in/itut$ aga9/ _! violation8 ,n[ ! exi/+ law ( m>riage ali5ates "o ( ! p>tn]s 9 favor ( ! o!r2 ! wife belongs to ! husb&2 %e is 9 8 p[]4 ,:at is su* a contract1 if n ! violation ( ! pr9ciple :i* affirms t no cov5ant c be made involv+ p]sons8 c x be m lawful to ali5ate "o's p]son by a contract ( slav]y8 ,"s say t we are at lib]ty to dispose ( our fre$om z we *oose1 ev5 ?\gh x be to r5\nce x4 ,inde$1 we may d ?is1 z we may commit suicide1 b to make use ( our lib]ty to r5\nce x or to commit suicide is mu* less to use aright ?an to violate ! laws ( moral or physical nature2 ^! are acts ( insanity :i* we %\ld pity1 b :i* we are n at lib]ty to erect into a law4 ,:y does ,society refuse to recognize v[s & to puni% _! violation1 if n because x admits t x is =bidd5 to p5etrate into ! jurisdiction ( ! consci5ce8 if n because x does n admit t an individual may ali5ate 8 moral & intellectual be+ any m ?an 8 body1 & devote himself to immobility :5 x is 8 duty1 on ! contr>y1 to g =w>d8 ,i ask !n if ?is same ,society is n inconsi/5t 9 exact+ p]petual v[s f ! husb& & wife1 9 exact+ f ! wife a v[ ( ob$i5ce1 a tacit v[ to deliv] up h] p]son to ! desires ( ! husb&8 ,is n ! moral lib]ty ( ! sp\ses z wor?y ( respect z t ( nuns1 prie/s & monks8 ,h m>ri$ p]sons m "r 9 ,nature & ,reason1 to ali5ate _! moral & intellectual be+1 _! lib]ty & _! p]son ?an ! celibates ( ! ,*ur*8 ,ano!r inconsi/5cy ( ! law is t x decl>es ,m>riage an association2 ! contract ( ,m>riage is !re=e a contract ( p>tn]%ip4 ,n[ ,i ask :e!r1 9 a s+le contract ( ?is k9d1 x is enjo9$ by law on "o ( ! p>tn]s to obey1 to be subject$ to a p]petual m9ority1 to be absorb$8 ,i d\bt n t ! law w\ld decl>e su* a contract betwe5 indep5d5t p>tn]s void2 :y !n does x legalize su* a mon/rosity 9 ! p>tn]%ip ( husb& & wife8 ,x is a relic ( b>b>ism1 z y w see if y reflect on x4 ,,read]4 ,i hope t1 ?r\gh reason & necessity1 ! law w be re=m$ soon] or lat]3 b a re=mation :i* w n take place is t ( ! =ms ( religi\s m>riage1 :i* prescribe to ! sp\ses ! same oa?s z ! code1 & l x1 subject ! wife to ! husb&4 ,,au?or4 ,well1 :at matt]s x to u1 s9ce1 ?anks to lib]ty1 ! religi\s m>riage is m]ely a b5$iction ) :i* we c disp5se4 ,^? :o h a disposition to g to ! ,*ur*1 ! ,temple1 or ! ,synagogue %\ld h full lib]ty to receive ! bless+ ( _! respective prie/s6 ?is does n conc]n ,society4 ,:at we ne$ is t1 if aft]w>d _! v[s %\ld n seem to !m b9d+1 social au?ority %\ld n make !m obligatory2 !y h a "r to be absurd1 b society has no "r to impose absurdity on !m4 ,its duty is1 on ! contr>y1 to enlight5 !m1 & to r5d] !m free4 ,,iv4 ,,read]4 ,^? :o subord9ate woman 9 m>riage re/ on ! ass]tion t unity ( direction1 consequ5tly a rul+ p[]1 is ne$$ 9 ! family2 n[1 y\r !ory evid5tly de/roys ?is rul+ p[]4 ,,au?or4 ,:at is ! rul+ p[]8 ,practically1 x is manife/$ ?r\gh ! function ( gov]nm5t4 ,=m]ly1 x 0 bas$ ^u two pr9ciples1 n[ recogniz$ z radically false3 ,div9e "r & inequality4 ,x 0 ! "r ( ^? :o ex]cis$ x to call !mselves k+s1 autocrats1 prie/s1 m52 x 0 ! duty !re=e ( ! p1 ! *ur*1 woman to obey ! elect ( ,god1 _! sup]iors by ! grace ( "r delegat$ f on high4 ,b 9 mod]n op9ion1 ! rul+ p[] is no?+ m ?an a function delegat$ by ! p>ties int]e/$ 9 ord] to execute _! w4 ,x is n our bus9ess to inquire "h :e!r ?is mod]n int]pretation has become inc>nat$ 9 facts2 :e!r ! old pr9ciple is n /ill /ruggl+ ) ! new2 :e!r ! hold]s ( political & familial au?ority are n /ill mak+ insane pret5sions to div9e "r2 we h only to %[ :at ! notion ( ! rul+ p[] has become 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,:at w be ! rul+ p[] 9 m>riage1 9 accordance ) mod]n op9ion1 if n ! delegation by "o sp\se to ! o!r ( ! managem5t ( bus9ess & ( ! family--a delegation ( function2 no long] a "r8 ,& if man & woman are socially equal 9 pr9ciple1 if ! aptitudes1 ^u :i* all functions are bas$1 are n dep5d5t on sex1 by :at "r does society int]f]e to give ! au?ority ei!r to ! husb& or ! wife8 ,if !re is ne$ ( a rul+ p[] 9 ! h\sehold1 are n ! p>ties !mselves be/ capable ( be/[+ x on ! "o :o c be/ & mo/ usefully ex]cise x8 ,b among p>tn]s1 is !re really room = a rul+ p[]8 ,no1 !re is room only = division ( labor1 mutual und]/&+ ) respect to common int]e/s4 ,to consult ea* o!r1 to come to an agreem5t1 to divide ! tasks1 to rema9 ma/] ea* ( 8 own dep>tm5t2 ?is is :at ! sp\ses %\ld d1 & :at !y d 9 g5]al4 ,! law has s little "p 9 our cu/oms t to-day ?+s happ5 9 ?is wise3 _m ri* wom5 translate two articles ( ! ,code z foll[s2 ! husb& %all obey 8 wife1 & %all foll[ h] :]ev] %e sees fit to dwell or soj\rn4 ,& ! husb&s obey1 because x w\ld n d to (f5d a wife ) a l>ge d[ry2 because x w\ld make a sc&al to ?w>t _! wife2 because !y ne$ h]1 be+ unable1 )\t di%onor+ !mselves1 to keep a mi/ress4 ,husb&s 9 ! great c5tres ( population escape ob$i5ce ?r\gh love outside ( m>riage2 !y lay no re/rictions on _! "p2 ,madame is free4 ,among ! work+ classes ( ! citiz5s & ! p1 x is practically admitt$ t nei!r %all comm&1 & t ! husb& %all d no?+ )\t consult+ 8 wife & obta9+ h] cons5t4 ,9 all classes1 if any husb& is simple en\gh to take 8 pret5d$ "r 9 e>ne/1 he is cit$ z a bad man1 an intol]able despot :om 8 wife may hate & deceive ) a safe consci5ce2 & x is a curi\s fact t ! great] "p ( ! legal sep>ations are = no o!r cause at ! bottom ?an ! ex]cise ( ! rights & pr]ogatives conc$$ to ! husb&s by law4 ,i ask y n[1 :at is ! use ( ma9ta9+ aga9/ reason & cu/om1 an au?ority :i* does n exi/1 or :i* is transf]r$ to ! sp\se condemn$ to subjection4 ,,read]4 ,on ?is po9t1 ,i am :olly ( y\r op9ion2 n a s+le woman ( mod]n times takes ! rights ( h] husb& 9 e>ne/4 ,b y\r !ory n only attacks 8 au?ority2 x also wages w> aga9/ ! indissolubility ( m>riage1 :i* x is affirm$1 is necess>y to ! dignity ( ?is tie2 to ! happ9ess & future ( ! *ildr51 to ! morality ( ! family4 ,,au?or4 ,i claim1 on ! contr>y1 t my !ory secures1 z f> z is humanly possible1 ! p]petuity & purity ( m>riage4 ,at pres5t1 :5 ! knot is ti$1 ! sp\ses1 no long] fe>+ to lose ea* o!r1 f9d 9 ! abs5ce ( ?is fe> ! g]m ( a mutual coolness2 !y may qu>rel1 be disc\rte\s or unfai?ful to ea* o!r2 !re w be sc&al1 a legal sep>ation p]haps1 b !y are rivet$ toge!r2 !y c nev] become /rang]s4 ,contra/ ) ?is picture a h\sehold 9 :i* ! bond is dissoluble2 all is *ang$2 ! despotic or brutal husb& represses 8 evil prop5sities1 because he kn[s t 8 companion1 :om aft] all he loves1 w\ld quit him & transf] to ano!r ! att5tions %e lavi%es on him2 & t no hone/ woman w\ld be will+ to take h] place4 ,! husb& dispos$ to be unfai?ful w\ld cont9ue 9 ! pa? ( duty1 because 8 ab&onm5t & (f5ces w\ld ali5ate 8 wife1 bla/ 8 reputation1 & prev5t him f =m+ an honorable alliance4 ,! worn out pr(ligate w\ld no long] esp\se ! d[ry ( a "y girl1 because he w\ld "k t1 promptly dis5*ant$1 ! "y wife1 in/ead ( hav+ rec\rse to adult]y1 w\ld break ! ill assort$ union4 ,! woman :o %\ld take advantage ( h] d[ry1 ( ! necessity ( h] husb& to rema9 fai?ful1 to tyrannise ov] him1 w\ld fe> a divorce :i* w\ld ?r[ ! blame on h] & condemn h] to a life ( solitude4 ,a %rewi% wife w\ld no long] d>e to inflict suff]+ on h] husb&1 or a coquette to deceive or torm5t him2 :o w\ld m>ry !m aft] a sep>ation8 ,d y n see t free m>riages are happi] & m la/+ ?an any o!rs8 ,h y n y\rself admitt$ t to sep>ate ! p>ties 9 ^! unions1 x (t5 suffices to jo9 !m legally8 ,i "k myself ( a volunt>y union t 0 v happy dur+ tw5ty-two ye>s1 & 0 dissolv$ by sep>ation at ! end ( ?ree ye>s ( legal m>riage2 ,i h kn[n ( _m o!rs ( a %ort] duration :i* legality contribut$ to dissolve in/ead ( r5d]+ et]nal4 ,y w\ld h>dly believe h[ _m m>ri$ c\ples re=m$ 9 _! treatm5t ( ea* o!r 9 #ahdh1 :5 !y fe>$ t ! law ( divorce might be accept$4 ,if ! simple exp$i5t ( divorce has p[] to produce good results1 :at may n be expect$ f a rational law4 ,we ne$ only to reflect 9 ord] to compreh5d t volunt>y dissolubility1 )\t social int]v5tion1 w\ld r5d] unions bett] assort$1 = x w\ld be = "o's int]e/1 = 8 own reputation1 to ent] into !m only ) ! moral conviction ( be+ able to pres]ve !m2 !n only w\ld no excuse be f\nd = infidelity2 loyalty w\ld make "p ( ! relations ( ! sp\ses4 ,! law ( p]petuity has p]v]t$ ev]y?+1 corrupt$ ev]y?+2 on ! side ( ! woman1 x favors1 yes1 necessitates /ratagem2 on ! side ( ! man1 x favors brutality & despotism2 x provokes on bo? sides adult]y1 poison+ & assass9ation2 & leads to ^? sep>ations :i* are daily increas+ 9 numb]1 & :i*1 by giv+ ! lie to ! indissolubility ( m>riage1 place ! p>tn]s 9 a pa9ful & p]il\s situation1 & br+ 9 _! tra9 a ho/ ( irregul>ities4 ,9 fact1 if ! sp\ses are sep>at$ :ile "y1 concub9age is _! refuge4 ,! man 9 ?is false position f9ds _m to excuse him2 b ! woman is =c$ to conceal h]self1 to tremble at ! ?\ght ( a pregnancy & to make x disappe>4 ,legal sep>ation leads ! sp\ses n only to concub9age1 to mutual hatr$1 b causes ! bir? ( ?\s&s ( *ildr5 ^: future is compromis$1 de/roy$ by ! fact ( _! illegitimacy4 ,let ! sp\ses be free 9 accordance ) _! "r1 & all w fall into its prop] ord]1 = all w be done op5ly & truly4 ,,read]4 ,b ! future ( ! *ildr58 ,,au?or4 ,! morality ( ! *ildr5 is bett] insur$ "u ! sy/em ( lib]ty ?an "u t ( indissolubility1 = !y w n be witnesses = ye>s ( ! bitt] cont5tion & lic5ti\sness :i* n[ r5d] !m deceitful & vici\s1 & inspire !m ) contempt or hatr$ = "o ( ! au?ors ( _! be+1 sometimes ( bo?1 :5 !y d n take !m = models2 if life 9 common becomes impossible to ! p>5ts1 :i* w be m r>e "u ! law ( lib]ty1 ! *ildr5 w n be subject$ to ! p[] ( ^? :o violate ! law ( receiv$ morality2 !y may see ^! p>5ts contract a new alliance z n[1 b ?is alliance w be honor$ by all4 ,f ^! unions *ildr5 may be born z n[1 b ^! *ildr51 in/ead ( be+ ca/ into ! hospital1 w %>e ) ! fir/ ! affection & inh]itance ( _! fa!r or "m4 ,! s-/yl$ legitimate *ildr5 w lose 9 =tune1 x is true2 b !y w ga9 9 good examples2 _m *ildr5 :o are n[ 9 ! category ( ! illegitimate w be rank$ among ! =m]1 & w be no long] condemn$ by des]tion to die "y1 or else to grovel 9 ignorance1 vice & mis]y2 to see _! br[ br&$ ) ! fault ( _! p>5ts z ( _! own by a ho/ ( imbeciles & m5 )\t he>t1 :o h no o!r gu>antee = :at !y call _! legitimacy ?an ! presumption accord$ !m by ! law4 ,,iii4 ,,read]4 ,x w be long yet1 p]haps1 be=e collective ,reason compreh5ds lib]ty 9 ! union ( ! sexes z y d1 & m5 w ascribe to !mselves ! "r n only ( b9d+ ! int]e/s1 b ! s\ls & bodies ( ! sp\ses4 ,,au?or4 ,z f> z we c =esee1 ,society mu/ necess>ily8 pass ?r\gh two /ages to realize our op9ion2 x mu/ fir/ grant divorce = a decl>$ cause2 lat] x w grant divorce decre$ 9 private on ! petition ( "o or bo? ( ! sp\ses4 ,we w n take up ?is la/ =m ( ! rupture ( ! conjugal tie1 b t :i* is ne>e/ u--divorce = a decl>$ cause4 ,:at are ! reasons :i* y w\ld consid] valid = a petition = divorce8 ,,read]4 ,fir/1 ^? :i* n[ give rise to sep>ation f b$ & bo>d3 adult]y ( ! wife1 cruelty1 grave abuses1 condemnation ( "o ( ! sp\ses to puni%m5t affect+ ! lib]ty or p]son1 ! fraudul5t managem5t ( ! prop]ty by ! husb&2 next1 infidelity ( ! husb&1 qualifi$ adult]y1 incompatibility ( temp]1 notable vices1 su* z drunk5ness1 gam+1 etc4 ,,au?or4 ,v well2 ^! causes suffice4 ,,read]4 ,dur+ ! proce$+s = divorce1 ! wife %\ld be z free z ! husb&4 ,! *ild t %\ld be born to h] aft] m ?an t5 mon?s' sep>ation %\ld be reput$ natural1 ev5 ?\gh ! divorce _h n be5 pron\nc$2 & %\ld be> h] "n & inh]it f h] l "o ( h] legitimate *ildr54 ,,au?or4 ,:o %\ld take cu/ody ( ! *ildr5 & ! prop]ty dur+ ! proce$+s8 ,,read]4 ,! c\rt %\ld decide :o %\ld h ! c>e ( ! *ildr51 9 accordance ) ! causes = ! petition = divorce & ! te/imony ( ! p>5ts1 fri5ds & neighbors4 ,,au?or4 ,b if ! sp\ses ask to be divorc$ only on acc\nt ( incompatibility ( temp]1 & are bo? honorable8 ,,read]4 ,!y %\ld be reque/$ to agree mutually ei!r to %>e ! *ildr51 or to entru/ !m to "o ( ! two1 or to give ! y\ng] *ildr5 to ! "m1 leav+ ! sons ov] fifte5 to ! fa!r4 ,! c\rt1 besides1 %\ld appo9t f ! family ( ! "m1 a gu>dian to wat* ov] ! conduct ( ! fa!r t[>ds ! *ildr5 left 9 8 c>e2 & f ! family ( ! fa!r1 a simil> gu>dian to ! "m & ! *ildr5 rema9+ ) h]4 ,?is gu>dian%ip1 :i* %\ld be /rictly moral1 %\ld cont9ue till ! *ildr5 _h atta9$ majority4 ,,au?or4 ,& 9 case ! p>5ts %\ld be alike unwor?y8 ,,read]4 ,9 su* a case1 :i* w\ld seldom happ51 ! judge1 9 behalf ( society1 %\ld deprive !m ( ! cu/ody ( ! *ildr51 & entru/ x to a memb] ( ! family ( "o ( ! p>5ts1 appo9t+ a gu>dian to wat* ov] 8 conduct & protect ! int]e/s ( 8 w>d f ! family ( ! o!r4 ,,au?or4 ,v well2 ,i see ) pleasure t y are cur$ ( ! errone\s belief t ! *ildr5 belong to ! p>5ts1 & t y compreh5d ! high function ( society z ! protector ( m9ors4 ,dur+ ! suit = divorce1 :o %all h ! control ( ! prop]ty8 ,,read]4 ,if ! contract has be5 made "u ! sy/em ( sep>ation ( prop]ty1 & = p>aph]nalia1 !re is no ne$ ( putt+ ! "q2 ea* "o w manage 8 own4 ,b ,i am some:at puzzl$ h[ to answ] y 9 case ( communion ( goods1 or 9 case ! capital is emb>k$ 9 a common bus9ess1 c>ri$ on solely by "o ( ! p>ties4 ,! pres5t law does n seem to me suffici5tly to protect ! int]e/s ( ! wife 9 case ( sep>ation4 ,,au?or4 ,)\t entangl+ ourselves 9 a ho/ ( individual cases :i* modify or contradict ea* o!r1 let u provide t 9 case ( communion ( goods1 ! adm9i/ration ( ! prop]ty %all be tak5 f ! sp\se hold+ x if ! petition = divorce be bas$ on 8 bad managem5t1 8 dissipat$ habits1 or 8 condemnation to a p5alty affect+ 8 lib]ty or p]son2 t 9 all o!r cases1 he %all make an inv5tory ( ! prop]ty & ! condition ( ! bus9ess2 & a p]son %all be appo9t$ f ! family ( ! sp\se exclud$ f ! managem5t to wat* ov] ! conduct ( ! sp\se to :om x is entru/$1 :o %all be b\nd to pay alimony to ! o!r until ! divorce %all be decre$4 ,,read]4 ,& if !re is no =tune8 ,,au?or4 ,until ! sp\ses become /rang]s1 !y owe assi/ance to ea* o!r3 ! c\rt %\ld !re=e require ! sp\se t e>ns ! m to aid ! o!r4 ,,read]4 ,h[ long a "t %\ld elapse betwe5 ! admission ( ! petition & ! judgm5t ( divorce8 ,,au?or4 ,a ye>1 9 ord] t ! p>ties may h "t = reflection4 ,,read]4 ,! divorce be+ grant$1 & ! ex-p>tn]s re/or$ to lib]ty1 w\ld y p]mit !m to m>ry o!rs8 ,,au?or4 ,mo/ assur$ly2 else :at signifies our argum5ts aga9/ sep>ation8 ,,read]4 ,:at6 ! adult]\s & brutal sp\se1 he :o has inflict$ suff]+ on 8 p>tn]1 :o has be5 :olly 9 ! wrong1 %\ld enjoy l ! o!r ! privilege ( m>ry+ aga98 ,i confess t ?is %ocks me4 ,,au?or4 ,because y are n suffici5tly imbu$ ) ! doctr9es ( lib]ty & ! s5tim5t ( "r4 ,m>riage is ! natural "r ( e adult2 society has no "r !re=e to prohibit x or to make x a privilege2 on ! o!r h&1 9 e divorce1 !re is wrong or ! lack ( some?+ on ei!r side ) respect to ! o!r2 ! man or woman :o commits adult]y may be a model ( fidelity to a p>tn] bett] suit$ to 8 or h] temp]am5t & disposition2 he :o has be5 brutal & viol5t may be :olly diff]5t ) a wife possess+ a diff]5t "*2 9 %ort1 we repeat1 to prohibit m>riage is to p]mit lib]t9ism1 & x is n ! int]e/ ( society to p]v]t itself4 ,bo? p>tn]s !re=e %\ld h a "r to m>ry1 b ! law %\ld take c>e t all %\ld be in=m$ ( ! burd5s re/+ ^u !m by reason ( _! fir/ m>riage1 & "k t !y are divorc$4 ,consequ5tly1 society has a "r to publi% ! bill ( divorce1 & to require t ! p>ties divorc$ %\ld provide = ! necessities ( _! m9or *ildr51 & t ! bill ( divorce1 jo9$ to ! "o sett+ =? ?is obligation1 %\ld accompany ! publication ( ! bans ( a new m>riage2 9 ?is1 !re is nei!r inju/ice nor abuse ( p[]2 = ea* "o w submit to ! consequ5ce ( :at he has done 9 p]fect fre$om4 ,,read]4 ,& w\ld y n fix ! numb] ( times t a divorc$ p]son might re-m>ry8 ,,au?or4 ,:y fix x8 d y fix ! numb] ( times t a wid[ or wid[] may m>ry aga98 ,,read]4 ,b a lib]t9e1 a bad man might m>ry t5 times1 & ?us r5d] t5 wom5 unhappy4 ,,au?or4 ,:at are y talk+ (6 d y s]i\sly believe t !re w\ld be a woman insane en\gh to m>ry a man n9e times divorc$1 a man oblig$ to accompany ! publication ( 8 bans ) n9e bills ( divorce1 ) n9e judgem5ts compell+ him to pay s mu* ye>ly = ! support ( sev51 eight or n9e *ildr54 ,d y s]i\sly believe t a woman w\ld cons5t to become ! companion ( su* a man6 ,?is man might inde$ m>ry twice--b ?ree times6 d y ?9k t x w\ld be possible8 ,,read]4 ,y are "r1 & on reflection1 ! measures :i* y advocate appe> p]haps sev]e4 ,,au?or4 ,i "k x2 b our aim is n to favor divorces nor subsequ5t unions2 b1 on ! contr>y1 to prev5t ! =m] z f> z possible by ! difficulties ( =m+ ! latt]4 ,n[ = ?is x is n necess>y to re/rict ! lib]ty ( ! individual1 b to r5d] him responsible = 8 acts1 & to rivet ! *a9 t he has =g$ = himself 9 su* a mann] t he c nei!r ca/ x aside nor lay ! burd5 ( x on o!rs unless !y are duly w>n$ ( x & cons5t !reto4 ,,iv4 ,,read]4 ,ought society to p]mit unions disproportion$ 9 age8 ,is x n to expose a woman to adult]y1 to m>ry h] at sev5te5 or eighte5 to a man ( ?irty1 =ty or ev5 fifty ye>s ( age8 ,:at h>mony ( s5tim5ts & views c exi/ at t "t betwe5 ! sp\ses8 ,! wife sees 9 h] husb& a sort ( fa!r1 :om not)/&+ %e c nei!r love nor respect l a fa!r1 & %e rema9s a m9or all h] life4 ,,au?or4 ,^! unions are v prejudicial to woman & ! race1 & !y w\ld be = ! mo/ "p av]t$1 if ! law %\ld fix ! m>riageable age at tw5ty-f\r or tw5ty-five = bo? sexes4 ,at sev5te51 we m>ry to be call$ ,madame1 & to we> a bridal dress & a wrea? ( orange fl[]s2 we c]ta9ly %\ld n d ?is at tw5ty-five4 ,if ! fl[] is n call$ on to =m its fruit until x is fully matur$1 nei!r %\ld man & woman3 n[1 9 our climate ! organization ( nei!r is complete until tw5ty-f\r or tw5ty-five4 ,woman gives m to ! great "w ( reproduction & we>s out fa/] 9 x2 to r5d] h] liable to become a "m prematurely is !re=e to expose h] to great] suff]+s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 %e is =c$ to %>e betwe5 h]self & h] (fspr+ ! elem5ts necess>y to h] own nutrition1 :i* weak5s bo? h] & ! *ild4 ,h] developm5t is *eck$1 h] con/itution is *ang$1 %e becomes pr$ispos$ to ut]9e affections1 & runs ! risk ( becom+ an invalid at ! age :5 %e ought to enjoy robu/ heal?4 ,! en]vation ( ! body br+s ) x t ( ! m9d3 ! woman becomes n]v\s1 irritable1 & (t5 caprici\s2 %e _c nurse h] *ildr52 %e w n be capable ( re>+ !m prop]ly1 %e w make dolls ( !m1 & w favor ! developm5t ( faults :i* aft]w>ds becom+ vices1 w afflict ! family & society4 ,?is woman1 a "m be=e h] "t1 n only w nev] become ! ?\ghtful companion & c\nsellor ( h] husb& :o1 be+ mu* old] ?an %e1 w amuse himself ) h] z ) a *ild1 b w be 8 w>d = h] :ole life1 & w h rec\rse to artifice to h h] own way4 ,?us to weak5 woman 9 e respect1 to %ort5 h] life1 to put h] "u gu>dian%ip1 to prep>e ! way = puny & badly re>$ (fspr+1--su* are ! mo/ obvi\s results ( h] precoci\s m>riage4 ,to hold wom5 9 volunt>y subjection & to organize ! h>em among u1 we ne$ only take advantage ( ! p]mission ( ! law au?oris+ _! m>riage at ! age ( fifte54 ,t woman may n be 9 subjection2 t %e may be able to become a "m )\t detrim5t to h] heal? & "u circum/ances favorable to ! good organization ( h] *ildr52 t %e may be a wor?y & e>ne/ wife1 prep>$ to fulfill all h] duties1 %e mu/ n be m>ri$1 ,i repeat1 be=e tw5ty-f\r or tw5ty-five2 & %e mu/ n m>ry a man old] ?an h]self4 ,,read]4 ,b x is claim$ t ! husb& ought to be t5 ye>s old] ?an ! wife1 because ! latt] gr[s old fa/]1 & because x is necess>y t ! husb& %\ld h _h exp]i5ce 9 life 9 ord] to appreciate 8 wife & to r5d] h] happy4 ,,au?or4 ,errors & prejudices all4 ,woman gr[s old soon] ?an man only ?r\gh premature m>riage & mat]nity2 a well pres]v$ man & woman are alike old at ! same age4 ,b ! woman cons5ts to gr[ old :ile ! man is mu* less will+ to d s1 s9ce he does n blu% :5 gray hair$1 to m>ry a "y girl1 & to set up ! ridicul\s pret5tion ( be+ lov$ by h] = love4 ,m5 mu/ be brok5 ( ! habit ( believ+ !mselves p]petually at ! age ( pleas+2 ( imag9+ t !y are q z agreeable to our eyes :5 !y are old & ugly z if !y 7 ,adonises4 ,!y mu/ be told unceas+ly t :at is unbecom+ 9 u is equally s 9 !m2 & t an old woman w\ld be no m ridicul\s 9 seek+ ! love ( a "y man1 ?an an old man 9 pret5d+ to t ( a "y girl4 ,! husb& & wife %\ld be ne>ly ( ! same age2 fir/1 to treat ea* o!r m easily z equals2 next1 because !re w be m h>mony 9 _! feel+s & views1 z well z 9 _! temp]am5ts1 all ?+s v necess>y to ! organization ( *ildr54 ,x is necess>y besides1 9 ord] t ! woman may n be tempt$ to infidelity2 y "k h[ _m tr\bles arise f unions disproportion$ 9 age4 ,! husb& mu/ h se5 life1 x is said2 ?is is ! op9ion ( ^? :o p]mit _! sons to s[ _! wild oats2 :o believe t man is at lib]ty to wall[ 9 ! mire ( d5s ( infamy1 & t !re are two k9ds ( morality4 ,we d n belong to ?is class4 ,y w\ld n give y\r daught] to a man :o _h se5 life1 because he w\ld be blas1 because he w\ld p]v]t h] or expose h]1 ?r\gh ! dis5*antm5t t w\ld foll[1 to seek 9 ano!r :at %e did n f9d 9 h] husb&4 ,:at we h said z reg>ds y\r daught] applies also to y\r son2 he mu/ n m>ry a woman y\ng] ?an himself2 = y w\ld no m desire a disadvantage\s position = y\r daught]-9-law ?an = y\r daught]2 bo? are de> to y & wor?y ( respect be=e ! solid>ity ( sex4 ,,read]4 ,i %all educate my son to compreh5d t ! =m ( m>riage prescrib$ by ! ,code is m]ely a relic ( b>b>ism1 t 8 wife owes ob$i5ce only to ,duty1 t %e is a free be+ & 8 equal2 & t he has no rights ov] h] p]son b ^? :i* %e h]self accords to him4 ,i %all tell him t love is a t5d] plant :i* mu/ be t5d$ c>efully to keep x alive2 t x is blight$ by unc]emoni\sness & slov5l9ess2 t he %\ld !re=e be z c>eful ( 8 p]sonal appe>ance aft] m>riage z he 0 to be pleas+ to ! eyes ( 8 betro!d4 ,i %all say to him3 ask no?+ except f ! love ( y\r wife2 rememb] t m ?an "o husb& has excit$ repulsion by ! brutality ( ! w$d+ night4 ,m>riage1 my son1 is a grave & holy ?+2 purity is its *oice/ jewel2 "k t _m m5 h ow$ ! adult]y ( _! wife to ! deplorable pa9s t !y h tak5 to deprave h] imag9ation4 ,f> f us+ y\r influ5ce ov] h] :o w be ! half ( y\rself 9 ord] to r5d] h] docile to y\r wi%es1 & to make h] y\r e*o1 develop reason & "* 9 h]2 9 elevat+ h]1 y w become bett]1 & w prep>e = y\rself a c\nsel & /ay4 ,i h m>ri$ y "u ! sy/em ( sep>ation ( goods 9 ord] t y\r wife may be protect$ aga9/ y1 %\ld y dep>t f y\r pr9ciples2 & %\ld y ev] grieve me by /ray+ f !m1 y\r wife w became d\bly my daught]4 ,i %all be h] companion & consol]1 & %all close my arms & my doors on y4 ,,au?or4 ,"r1 & y w d well to add3 int]e/ y\r wife 9 y\r occupation2 take c>e t %e is always busy1 = labor is ! pres]v] ( *a/ity4 ,,read]4 ,to my daught] ,i w say3 ! social ord] 9 :i* we live requires1 my *ild1 t y %all sup]9t5d y\r h\se2 ! /ate ( ,society is /ill f> di/ant 9 :i* our sex w be reliev$ f ?is function4 ,d n =get t ! prosp]ity ( ! family dep5ds on ! _s ( ord] & economy ( ! wife4 ,:at y\r =tune or special bus9ess exempts y f execut+1 sup]9t5d & direct4 ,extravagance ( dress & furniture n[ surpasses all b\nds4 ,luxury is n wrong 9 itself1 b 9 ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s1 x is a great relative evil1 = we h n yet resolv$ ! problem ( increas+ & v>y+ products )\t at ! same "t increas+ ! wret*$ness & debasem5t ( _! produc]s4 ,be simple !re=e3 ?is does n exclude elegance1 b only ^? piles ( silks & laces :i* trail 9 ! du/ ( ! /reets1 ^? diamonds & preci\s /ones :i* make ! =tune ( ! few at ! exp5se ( ! morality ( ! _m1 & :i* are only dead capital1 ! lib]ation ( :i* w\ld be productive ( great good4 ,d n suff] y\rself to be ensn>$ by ! sophism t hone/ wom5 mu/ adorn !mselves to h9d] m5 f pass+ _! "t ) c\rtesans4 ,w\ld y n be a%am$ to compete 9 dress ) wom5 :om y d n e/eem1 & w\ld ! man :o c\ld be reta9$ by su* means be wor? ! tr\ble8 ,i h in/ruct$ y 9 y\r legal position z wife1 "m & prop]ty hold]2 ,i m>ry y "u ! sy/em ( sep>ation ( goods 9 ord] to sp>e y\r husb& ! temptation ( reg>d+ himself z y\r ma/]2 9 ord] t he may be oblig$ to take y\r advice & to look ^u y z 8 p>tn]4 ,despite ^! precautions1 y w be a m9or1 s9ce ! law ?us decrees4 ,b our law is n ,reason3 nev] =get t y are a human be+2 t is1 a be+ end[$ l y\r husb& ) intellect1 s5tim5ts1 free w1 & incl9ation2 t y owe submission only to ,reason & y\r consci5ce2 t if x is y\r duty to make sacrifices to ! peace 9 little ?+s1 & to tol]ate ! faults ( y\r husb& z he %\ld tol]ate y\rs1 x is none ! less y\r duty resolutely to resi/ a brutal--,i w h x s4 ,y w be a "m1 ,i hope2 nurse y\r *ildr5 y\rself1 re> !m 9 ! pr9ciples ( ,"r & ,duty :i* ,i h in/ill$ into y\r intellect & he>t1 9 ord] to make ( !m1 n only j1 good1 *a/e m5 & wom51 b labor]s 9 ! great "w ( ,progress4 ,y und]/& ! great de/9y ( our species2 y und]/& y\r rights & duties2 ,i ne$ n !re=e repeat to y t woman is no m made = man ?an man = woman2 t consequ5tly woman _c1 )\t fail+ 9 h] duty1 become lo/ & absorb$ 9 man2 = ) him1 %e %\ld love h] *ildr51 h] c\ntry1 humanity2 %e owes m to h] *ildr5 ?an %e does to him2 & if =c$ to *oose betwe5 family int]e/s & g5]\s s5tim5ts ( a high] ord] woman %\ld no m hesitate ?an %\ld man to sacrifice ! =m] to ju/ice4 ,,au?or4 ,x w be said t y in/ruct y\r daught] 9 a v manly way4 ,,read]4 ,s9ce 9 our days m5 play ! m&ol91 is x n necess>y t wom5 %\ld speak s]i\sly8 ,s9ce m51 9 ! "n ( _! nave selfi%ness1 claim ! "r to confiscate woman to _! use1 to extol to h] ! *>ms ( ! gyneceum1 to suppress h] rights1 & to prea* to h] ! sweets ( absorption1 mu/ n wom5 re-act aga9/ ^! soporific doctr9es1 & recall _! daught]s to ! s5tim5t ( dignity & individuality4 ,,au?or4 ,i endorse y ) all my he>t6 ,n[ t we are ne>ly agre$ on all po9ts1 we h only to sum up :at we h said1 & to give an outl9e ( ! pr9cipal re=ms necess>y to be wr\ght 9 ord] t woman my be plac$ 9 a position m 9 con=mity ) ,"r & ,ju/ice4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,propos$ ,,re=ms4 ,i4 ,,au?or4 ,id5tity ( "r be+ bas$ on id5tity ( species1 & woman be+ ( ! same species z man1 :at ought %e to be be=e civil dignity1 9 ! employm5t ( h] activity & 9 m>riage8 ,,read]4 ,! equal ( man4 ,,au?or4 ,h[ w %e become ! equal ( man 9 civil dignity8 ,,read]4 ,:5 %e %all hold a place on ! jury & by ! side ( all civil function>ies2 %all be a memb] ( bo>ds ( trade & m]cantile associations2 & %all be a witness 9 all cases 9 :i* ! te/imony ( man is requir$4 ,,au?or4 ,:y ought ! te/imony ( woman to be admitt$ 9 all cases 9 :i* t ( man is requir$8 ,,read]4 ,because woman is z cr$ible z man2 because %e is1 l him1 a civil p]sonage4 ,,au?or4 ,:y ought woman to h a place on ! jury8 ,,read]4 ,because ! ,code decl>+ h] ! equal ( man z reg>ds culpability1 misdemeanor1 crime & puni%m5t1 %e is ?us decl>$ capable l him ( compreh5d+ wrong 9 o!rs2 ,because ! jury be+ a gu>antee = ! male culprit1 ! female culprit %\ld h a simil> gu>antee2 ,because if ! male crim9al is bett] compreh5d$ by m51 ! female crim9al w be bett] compreh5d$ by wom52 ,because society 9 its aggregate be+ (f5d$ by ! crime1 x is necess>y t ?is society1 compos$ ( two sexes1 %\ld be repres5t$ by bo? to judge & to condemn x4 ,because1 la/ly1 :]e ! moral s5se is conc]n$1 ! fem99e elem5t is ! m necess>y inasmu* z m5 claim t our sex is 9 g5]al m moral & m m]ciful ?an _! own4 ,,au?or4 ,:y ought woman to hold a place among civil function>ies8 ,,read]4 ,because society1 repres5t$ by ^! function>ies1 is compos$ ( two sexes2 ,because ev5 n[ 9 a numb] ( public functions1 !re is a dep>tm5t m especially belong+ to woman2 ,because1 9 ! c]emony ( ! m>riage celebration = in/ance1 if woman does n appe> z magi/rate1 n only is society insuffici5tly repres5t$1 b ! wife may reg>d h]self z deliv]$ up to ! p[] ( a man by all ! m5 ( ! c\ntry4 ,,au?or4 ,:y ought woman to h h] place 9 bo>ds ( trade & m]cantile associations8 ,,read]4 ,because %e %>es equally 9 indu/rial production2 ,because %e %>es equally 9 comm]ce2 ,because %e und]/&s bus9ess transactions & contracts z well if n bett] ?an man2 ,because1 9 all que/ions ( int]e/s1 %e %\ld be h] own repres5tative4 ,,au?or4 ,:5 w woman become ! equal ( man 9 ! employm5t ( h] activity & ( h] o!r faculties8 ,,read]4 ,:5 %e %all h colleges1 academies & s*ools = special in/ruction1 & :5 all vocations %all be accessible to h]4 ,,au?or4 ,:y ought wom5 to receive ! same national education z m58 ,,read]4 ,because !y ex]cise a va/ influ5ce ov] ! ideas1 s5tim5ts & conduct ( m51 & because x is = ! int]e/ ( society t ?is influ5ce %\ld be salut>y2 ,because x is = ! int]e/ ( all to enl>ge ! views & elevate ! s5tim5ts ( wom51 9 ord] t !y may use _! natural asc5d5cy = ! advancem5t ( progress1 ( tru?1 ( good1 ( moral beauty2 ,because woman has a "r1 l man1 to cultivate h] intellect1 & to acquire ! k be/[$ by ! /ate2 ,because1 la/ly1 z %e pays h] "p ( ! exp5ses ( national education1 x is robb]y to prohibit h] f p>ticipat+ 9 x4 ,,au?or4 ,:y ought woman to be admitt$ to academies & pr(essional s*ools8 ,,read]4 ,because ,society1 n hav+ a "r to d5y ! exi/5ce ( any aptitude among its memb]s1 has consequ5tly no "r to prev5t ^? :o claim to possess !m f cultivat+ !m1 nor to lock up f !m ! treasures ( sci5ce & practice :i* are at its disposal4 ,because !re are wom5 :o are born *emi/s1 physicians1 ma!maticians1 etc41 & because ^! wom5 h a "r to f9d 9 social in/itutions ! same res\rces z man = ! cultivation ( _! aptitudes2 ,because !re are pr(essions practis$ by wom5 :o ne$ ! in/ruction t is int]dict$ !m4 ,,au?or4 ,:y ought e field ( occupation to be accessible to woman8 ,,read]4 ,because woman is a free be+1 ^: vocation no "o has a "r to conte/ or to re/rict2 ,because %e1 no m ?an man1 w ent] vocations =bidd5 h] by temp]am5t1 lack ( aptitude or want ( "t2 & x is !re=e q z unnecess>y to int]dict !m to h] z to ^? m5 :o are unfit to ent] !m4 ,,au?or4 ,d y n ev5 int]dict to h] ^? vocations 9 :i* /r5g? is ne$$1 or :i* are att5d$ ) dang]8 ,,read]4 ,wom5 are n =bidd5 to be c>p5t]s or til]s1 yet !y d n become su*1 because _! nature opposes x2 x is precisely because nature does oppose x1 t ,i ?9k society unreasonable 9 m$dl+ ) ! nature4 ,!re is no ne$ to prohibit :at is impossible2 & if :at has be5 decl>$ impossible is done1 x is because x is possible3 n[ society has no "r to prohibit :at is possible to any ( its memb]s2 ?is appe>s ev5 absurd :]e vocation is 9 "q4 ,,au?or4 ,let ea* "o foll[ 8 private occupation at 8 own risk & p]il1 !n2 b are !re n c]ta9 public functions :i* are n suitable = wom58 ,,read]4 ,no "o kn[s ?is1 s9ce !y are n op5 = h] admission2 &1 7 x s1 ! prohibition w\ld be useless3 competition w\ld %[ ! falsity ( ill-f\nd$ pret5tions4 ,,au?or4 ,:5 w woman become ! equal ( man 9 m>riage8 ,,read]4 ,:5 ! p]son ( ! wife is n pl$g$ 9 m>riage2 :5 ! engagem5ts are reciprocal1 & :5 ! wife is n treat$ z a m9or & absorb$ 9 ! husb&4 ,& ?is %\ld be s3 ,because x is n all[able to ali5ate "o's p]sonality1 su* an ali5ation1 be+ immoral & void ( itself2 ,because ! wife be+ a di/9ct individual1 _c be actually absorb$ by ! husb&1 & a law is absurd :5 x re/s on a fiction & supposes an impossibility2 ,because1 9 f9e1 woman1 be+ ! equal ( man be=e ,society1 _c1 "u any pretext1 lose ?is equality by reason ( a clos] association ) him4 ,,au?or4 ,!re are two que/ions 9 m>riage1 aside f t ( ! p]son--prop]ty & *ildr54 ,d y n ?9k t ! m>ri$ woman ought1 l ! unm>ri$ woman :o has atta9$ majority1 to be mi/ress ( h] prop]ty1 to be free to ex]cise any pr(ession t suits h]1 & to be at lib]ty to sell1 to buy1 to give1 to receive1 & to in/itute suits at law8 ,,read]4 ,! m>ri$ man hav+ all ^! rights1 x is evid5t t ! m>ri$ woman ought to h !m "u ! law ( equality4 ,are y n ( ! same op9ion8 ,,au?or4 ,9 all p>tn]%ips1 we pl$ge a portion ( our lib]ty on c]ta9 po9ts agre$ ^u4 ,n[ ! husb& & wife are p>tn]s2 !y _c !re=e be z p]fectly free ) respect to ea* o!r z ?\gh !y 7 /rang]s2 b x is necess>y1 we repeat1 t _! position %\ld be ! same & _! pl$ges mutual4 ,if ! wife c nei!r sell1 nor ali5ate1 nor give1 nor receive1 nor appe> 9 c\rt )\t ! cons5t ( ! husb&1 x is n all[able = ! husb& to d ^! ?+s )\t ! cons5t ( ! wife2 if ! wife is n p]mitt$ to practise a pr(ession )\t ! cons5t ( ! husb&1 ! husb& is n at lib]ty to d s )\t ! cons5t ( ! wife2 if ! wife _c pl$ge ! common prop]ty )\t au?ority f ! husb&1 ! husb& _c pl$ge x )\t ! cons5t ( ! wife4 ,i g fur!r2 ,i w\ld n will+ly p]mit ! wife1 be=e ! age ( tw5ty-five1 to give h] husb& au?ority to ali5ate any?+ belong+ to "o ( ! two2 ! husb& has too mu* influ5ce ov] h] = h] to be really free be=e ?is age4 ,,read]4 ,b :at if "o ( ! p>ties ?r\gh caprice or evil motives is unwill+ t ! o!r %\ld d some?+ t is prop] & advantage\s8 ,,au?or4 ,arbit]s are frequ5tly *os5 9 ! diff]5ces t arise betwe5 p>tn]s 9 bus9ess2 society1 repres5t$ by ! judicial p[]1 is ! g5]al arbit] betwe5 ! husb& & wife2 /ill we ?9k t x w\ld be well to e/abli% betwe5 !m a p]petual arbit]1 hold+ ! fir/ degree ( jurisdiction3 ?is might be ! family c\ncil1 organiz$ diff]5tly f ! pres5t4 ,be=e ?is confid5tial tribunal1 bett] fitt$ ?an any o!r to und]/& ! case1 ! husb& & wife %\ld c>ry1 n only ! diff]5ces aris+ betwe5 !m conc]n+ que/ions ( int]e/s1 b ^? relat+ to ! education1 pr(ession & m>riage ( ! *ildr54 ,?is tribunal %\ld give ! fir/ judgm5t1 & mu* sc&al w\ld be avoid$ by its decisions1 f :i* besides "o c\ld always appeal to ! social c\rt4 ,i ne$ n add t ! "r ( ! fa!r & ! "m ov] ! *ildr5 is absolutely equal1 & t1 if ! "r ( ei!r c\ld be conte/$1 x w\ld n be t ( ! "m1 :o alone c say1 ,i "k1 ,i am c]ta9 t ^! *ildr5 are m9e4 ,,read]4 ,9 fact1 x is odi\s t ! pl5itude ( "r %\ld be f\nd on ! side ( ! m]e legal presumption1 ! act ( fai?1 unc]ta9ty4 ,reg>d+ m>riage z a p>tn]%ip ( equals1 d y n ?9k t x w\ld be well to m>k ?is equality & ! di/9ction ( p]sonalities 9 ! "n borne by ! sp\ses & _! *ildr58 ,,au?or4 ,c]ta9ly1 on ! day ( m>riage ea* ( ! sp\ses %\ld jo9 8 p>tn]'s "n to 8 own2 ?is is done already 9 c]ta9 cantons ( ,switz]l&1 & ev5 9 ,france1 among a few individuals4 ,! *ildr5 %\ld be> ! d\ble "n ( _! p>5ts until m>riage1 :5 ! daught]s %\ld keep ! "m's "n1 & ! sons ! fa!r's2 or else1 if we wi% to br+ into ! "q ! sy/em ( lib]ty1 x might be decre$ t1 on atta9+ majority1 ! *ild himself %\ld *oose :i* ( ! two names he w\ld be> & transmit4 ,,ii4 ,,read]4 ,n[1 let u take up ! political "r4 ,,au?or4 ,a nation is an association ( free & equal individuals1 co-op]at+1 by _! labor & contributions1 to ! ma9t5ance ( ! common "w2 !y h an inconte/ible "r to d :atev] is necess>y to protect _! p]sons1 _! rights & _! prop]ty f injury4 ,man has political rights because he is free & ! equal ( 8 co-p>tn]s2 accord+ to o!rs1 because he is a produc] & a tax-pay]2 n[1 woman be+1 ?r\gh id5tity ( species1 free & ! equal ( man2 be+ 9 po9t ( fact1 a produc] & a tax-pay]2 & hav+ ! same g5]al in/9cts z man1 x is evid5t t %e has ! same political rights z he4 ,su* are ! pr9ciples1 let u proce$ to ! application4 ,we h said else:]e1 t x is n en\gh t a ?+ %\ld be true 9 an absolute s5se2 x is necess>y "u p5alty ( trans=m+ good into evil1 to take into acc\nt ! surr\nd+s into :i* we seek to introduce x2 ?is m5 too (t5 =get1 ! practical tru? 9 our "q is t x is pr(itable to recognize political rights only to ! ext5t to :i* x is dem&$1 because ^? :o d n dem& x are intellectually incapable ( mak+ use ( x1 & because if !y %\ld ex]cise x1 9 a majority ( cases1 x w\ld be aga9/ _! own int]e/s2 ,prud5ce exacts t we %\ld be sure t ! possessor ( a "r is really emancipat$1 & t he w n be ! bl9d tool ( a man or a p>ty4 ,n[1 9 ! exi/+ /ate ( affairs1 wom5 n only d n dem& _! political rights1 b laugh at ^? :o address !m on ! subject2 !y pride !mselves on be+ ?\ght unfit = t :i* reg>ds g5]al int]e/s2 !y recognize !mselves !re=e z incapable4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y are m9ors civilly1 slaves ( prejudice1 depriv$ ( g5]al education1 submissive = ! mo/ "p to ! influ5ce ( _! husb&s1 lov]s or confessors1 cl++ z a majority to ! ways ( ! pa/4 ,if !re=e !y %\ld ent] )\t prep>ation into political life1 !y w\ld ei!r duplicate m5 or cause humanity to retrograde4 ,y compreh5d n[ :y _m wom5 :o are m capable ?an an inf9ite numb] ( m5 ( cop]at+ 9 great political acts1 *oose r to r5\nce !m ?an to compromise ! cause ( progress by ! ext5sion ( political "r to all wom54 ,,read]4 ,p]sonally1 ,i am ( y\r op9ion2 b x is necess>y to =esee & to refute ! objections t may be made to y by v intellig5t wom52 ^! wom5 w say1 ,reflect1 ! negation ( "r is iniquit\s1 = x is ! negation ( equality & ( human nature4 ,x is z false z dang]\s to lay d[n ! pr9ciple ( ! recognition ( "r only to ! ext5t 9 :i* x is claim$2 = x is notori\s t slaves are n ! ones 9 g5]al to dem& _! own rights2 y\r affirmation !re=e condemns ! emancipation ( slaves & s]fs1 & univ]sal suffrage4 ,! objection t y raise aga9/ ! "r on acc\nt ( ! incapacity ( wom5 & ! l[ use :i* !y w\ld make ( x1 might apply q z well to m5 :o are sc>cely m fully emancipat$ ?an !y2 :o are (t5 ! duplicate ( _! wife or confessor1 or :o h no o!r op9ion ?an t ( _! electoral committee4 ,9 "r1 z 9 ev]y?+ else1 an appr5tice%ip is necess>y3 woman w make use ( x at fir/ badly1 !n bett]1 !n well2 = we le>n to play on an in/rum5t mu* m quickly by us+ x ?an by le>n+ its !ory4 ,! ex]cise ( "r gives elevation & dignity1 elevates ! individual 9 8 own e/eem1 & causes him to /udy que/ions :i* he w\ld h neglect$ _h he n be5 oblig$ to exam9e !m 9 ord] to concur 9 & resolve !m4 ,d y wi% wom5 to take to he>t matt]s ( g5]al int]e/8 ,!n give !m political "r4 ,^! objections1 may be rais$ aga9/ y4 ,,au?or4 ,!y 7 rais$ aga9/ me 9 #ahdh by a numb] ( em95t wom51 & by _m m5 devot$ to ! triumph ( ! new pr9ciples4 ,i answ]$ !m !n & ,i answ] !m aga9 to-day3 ,we %\ld spe$ily agree1 if our mod]n society 7 n ! sc5e ( conflict betwe5 two diametrically opposite pr9ciples4 ,! "q is n to decide :e!r political "r belongs to woman1 :e!r %e w\ld develop x1 enl>ge x1 etc41 b r :e!r %e w\ld use x to ensure ! triumph ( ! pr9ciple t says to humanity1 ,advance6 or ( t :i* gives z ! ^w ( comm&1 ,retreat6 ,:at is ! end ( political "r8 ,evid5tly1 to accompli% a great duty 9 ! direction ( progress4 ,well1 is x n dang]\s to accord x to ^? :o w\ld employ x aga9/ ?is end8 ,:at6 y /ruggle = "r1 9 ord] to obta9 ! triumph ( a holy cause1 yet feel no hesitation 9 accord+ x to ^? :o w\ld c]ta9ly make use ( "r to kill "r6 ,y reproa* me = act+ l ! ,jesuits1 :o value ju/ice mu* less ?an exp$i5cy4 ,well1 g5tlem51 if y _h _h half _! ability1 y w\ld h be5 successful long ago4 ,l true savages1 y w\ld ?9k y\rselves di%onor$ by possess+ prud5ce & practical s5se1 by (f]+ y\rselves to battle o!rwise ?an ) nak$ bodies2 ?is may be v f9e1 v c\rage\s--b z to be+ s5sible1 t is ano!r ?+4 ,i am n guilty ( ! crime ( d5y+ "r1 s9ce ,i d n d5y x2 ,i only desire t x %all n be dem&$ s9ce ?is w\ld be suicidal1 ,i d n lay d[n ! pr9ciple t e k9d ( "r %\ld be recogniz$ only to ! ext5t 9 :i* x is claim$1 s9ce ,i speak to y ( political rights alone2 !re are rights :i* make _! own dem&1 su* z ^? ( liv+1 ( developm5t1 ( enjoym5t1 ( ! fruit ( "o's labor1 & x is %ameful = society n to recognize !m to _! full ext5t4 ,b we awak5 lat] to ! s5tim5t ( civil "r1 & /ill lat] to t ( political "r2 take ! logical advance ( humanity into acc\nt !re=e & d n rema9 9 ! absolute4 ,i "k t my objection on ! score ( ! incapacity ( wom5 is q z applicable to t ( m52 b is x a reason1 because y h admitt$ ! "r ( ! ignorant masses ( m5 :o _h n dem&$ x1 to %[ y\rselves equally unwise ) respect to wom5 :o are 9 ! same position8 ,i w correct myself1 g5tlem51 ( :at y t]m my ari/ocratic _s1 :5 ,i see y\r political fre$m5 compreh5d+ ! t5d5cies ( civilization1 & mak+ use ( _! "r to drive ! abettors ( ! pa/ to despair by promot+ ! triumph ( lib]ty & equality4 ,until !n1 p]mit me to keep my op9ion4 ,& ,i h kept my op9ion1 :i* is ?is3 ! ex]cise ( political "r is a means ( re=m & progress1 only if ^? :o enjoy x believe 9 progress & are anxi\s = re=ms3 9 ! opposite case1 ! popul> vote c be no?+ b ! expression ( prejudices1 errors & passions--in/ead ( le>n+ to ex]cise x ?r\gh ! use ( x1 z x is urg$1 !y employ x simply to cut _! own f+]s4 ,,read]4 ,may x n be object$ t1 9 accordance ) y\r !ory ( "r1 all be+ equal1 no "o c arrogate to himself ! function ( di/ribut+ rights8 ,,au?or4 ,!ory is ! ideal t[>ds :i* practice %\ld t5d2 if we _h n ?is ideal1 we c\ld n "k by :at pr9ciple to guide ourselves2 b 9 social reality1 !re are individuals :o h atta9$ majority1 & o!rs :o1 be+ m9ors1 are de/9$ to atta9 x4 ,if ,i %\ld ass]t t ^? :o h atta9$ majority c rightfully accord or refuse "r to ! m9ors1 ,i %\ld dep>t ess5tially f my pr9ciples2 x is by ! law1 :i* is ! expression ( ! consci5ce ( ^? mo/ advanc$1 :ile wait+ till x %all be ! consci5ce ( all1 t political majority is decre$ & t its conditions are e/abli%$4 ,! "r is virtual 9 ea* ( u2 no "o !re=e has ! "r to give x1 to take x away1 or to conte/ x2 x is recogniz$ :5 we are 9 a condition to ex]cise & to dem& x2 & we prove t we are 9 a condition to ex]cise x :5 we satisfy ! conditions fix$ by ! law4 ,,read]4 ,:at %\ld be ^! conditions = ! enjoym5t ( political "r1 9 y\r op9ion8 ,,au?or4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ( age2 & a c]tificate atte/+ t ! individual kn[s h[ to read1 write & reckon1 t he possesses an elem5t>y k ( ! hi/ory & geography ( 8 c\ntry2 toge!r ) a correct !ory ) respect to ,"r & ,duty1 & ! de/9y ( humanity ^u e>?4 ,! k ( a small volume w\ld be suffici5t1 z y see1 to enable e man & woman1 tw5ty-five ye>s ( age & heal?y 9 m9d1 to enjoy political rights1 aft] hav+ be5 subject$ to an initiation by ! enjoym5t ( civil rights4 ,b1 ,i ask y1 :at c\ld ^? d ) political "r :o conf\nd lib]ty ) lic5se1 :o sc>cely "k ! mean+ ( ! words ,"r & ,duty1 & :o are ev5 incapable ( writ+ _! own vote6 ,m5 h _! rights1 let !m keep !m6 a "r once admitt$ _c be tak5 away3 let !m r5d] !mselves fit to ex]cise !m4 ,z to wom51 let !m fir/ emancipate !mselves civilly & become educat$3 _! turn w come4 ,,read]4 ,x is v important t m5 %\ld compreh5d t y d n d5y1 b m]ely po/pone ! political rights ( our sex4 ,,au?or4 ,be easy2 !y w compreh5d x rightly2 !y w n mi/ake c\nsel dictat$ by prud5ce = an ackn[l$gem5t ( inf]iority & a resignation ( functions4 ,,iii4 ,,read]4 ,w y n[ /ate ! legal re=ms :i* we %\ld dem& successively4 ,,au?or4 ,s f> z civil life is conc]n$1 we %\ld ask3 ,t a woman :o is a =eign] may be able to become naturaliz$ 9 a c\ntry o!rwise ?an by m>riage4 ,t woman %all n lose h] nationality by ! same sacram5t4 ,t woman be admitt$ to sign1 z a witness1 all c]tificates ( social condition1 ) all o!rs t h be5 hi!rto int]dict$ to h]4 ,y "k t already1 9 d]ogation ( ! law1 midwives sign c]tificates ( bir? ( unackn[l$g$ natural *ildr51 & t1 9 c]ta9 not>ial docum5ts1 drawn up by ju/ices ( ! peace1 to atte/ to a fact 9 ! abs5ce ( writt5 evid5ce1 ! te/imony ( wom5 is admitt$4 ,we dem& t tradeswom5 & m]*ant wom5 %all =m a "p ( ! bo>ds ( trade2 t 9 e crim9al trial1 wom5 %all be plac$ on ! jury3 t to wom5 %all be entru/$ ! managem5t & sup]9t5d5ce ( hospitals1 prisons = wom51 & *>itable associations4 ,t 9 e di/rict1 a woman %all be appo9t$ to sup]9t5d girls' s*ools1 infant asylums1 & nurses4 ,y "k t wom5 are already fill+ public employm5ts 9 d]ogation ( ! law1 s9ce ! tea*+ & inspection ( girls' s*ools1 & o!r asylums1 are entru/$ to !m1 & s9ce wom5 keep po/-(fices1 /amp (fices1 etc4 ,,read]4 ,?is reg>ds civil ,"r 9 g5]al2 :at re=ms %all we dem& conc]n+ m>ri$ wom58 ,,au?or4 ,t ! conjugal abode %all be t :i* is inhabit$ by ! husb& & wife toge!r1 no long] by ! man alone4 ,t ! articles %all be suppress$ :i* comm& ! wife to obey h] husb&1 & to foll[ him :]ev] he sees fit to reside4 ,t ! prohibition to sell1 mortgage1 receive1 give1 appe> 9 law1 etc41 )\t ! cons5t ( ! husb& or c\rt1 %all be ext5d$ to ! husb& z f> z to ! wife4 ,t m>riage "u ! sy/em ( sep>ation ( goods %all become ! public law4 ,,read]4 ,:at re=ms d y dem& ) respect to ! family c\ncil & gu>dian%ip8 ,,au?or4 ,we dem& t ! family c\ncil %all be compos$ ( tw5ty p]sons2 t5 m5 & t5 wom51 p>5ts1 relatives & fri5ds1 *os5 by ! sp\ses4 ,t ! p[]s ( ?is c\ncil1 presid$ ov] by ! ju/ice ( ! peace1 %all be s det]m9$ t x %all give ! fir/ judgm5t 9 diff]5ces aris+ betwe5 ! sp\ses z to *ildr51 prop]ty1 gu>dian%ip1 etc4 ,we dem& t e woman may be qualifi$ to be appo9t$ gu>dian or to wat* ov] ! conduct ( ! gu>dian t[>ds ! w>d4 ,t ! gu>dian%ip ( ! sp\se int]dict$ %all be always confess$ by ! family c\ncil4 ,t ! wife l ! husb&1 may "n a def9itive gu>dian & a c\ncil ( gu>dian%ip = h] surviv+ sp\se4 ,t ! sp\ses may "n dur+ _! lifetime1 ! fa!r1 a male inspect+ gu>dian f 8 family1 ! "m1 a female inspect+ gu>dian f h]s1 t 9 case ( pre-decease1 ! *ildr5 may be always "u ! influ5ce ( bo? sexes4 ,t ?is sup]ior gu>dian%ip1 9 ! abs5ce ( any express$ desire1 belongs ( "r to a memb] ( ! family ( ! defunct1 :o mu/ be ( ! same sex4 ,t 9 case ( a second m>riage1 if ! *ild is maltreat$ or unhappy1 ! inspect+ gu>dian1 :e!r male or female1 c h x adjudg$ to him by ! family c\ncil1 )\t exclud+ ! appeal ( ! gu>dian to ! c\rts4 ,t 9 case ( ! dea? ( ! fa!r or "m1 ! gu>dian%ip belongs ( "r to ! ne>e/ ance/or1 & ! inspect+ gu>dian%ip to ! ne>e/ ance/or ( ! o!r l9e4 ,if !re be competition betwe5 ! two l9es1 ! family c\ncils %all *oose ! gu>dian f "o family & ! inspect+ gu>dian f ! o!r1 & ( opposite sex4 ,t ! duties ( gu>dian%ip & inspect+ gu>dian%ip %all compreh5d1 n only ! mat]ial1 b also ! moral & intellectual int]e/s ( ! w>ds4 ,t ! fa!r :o is gu>dian1 %all lose ! "r ( gu>dian%ip ov] ! *ildr5 if he re-m>ries )\t fir/ hav+ _h x cont9u$ to him by ! family c\ncil4 ,t la/ly1 ! ,/ate %all s organize a bo>d ( gu>dian%ip = ab&on$ *ildr5 t ! boys %all be "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! m5 & ! girls "u t ( ! wom52 ?is bo>d w =m a great family c\ncil4 ,,read]4 ,i l y\r sy/em bett] ?an t ( ! law1 n only because woman is ! equal ( man !re91 b because w>ds w be bett] protect$ by x2 ,i h kn[n m5 to cause _! wives1 ov]-excit$ by _! ill treatm5t1 to be plac$ "u int]dict1 9 ord] to rema9 ma/]s ( _! prop]ty2 on ! o!r h&1 y "k h[ _m *ildr5 are wrong$ or made unhappy by ! second m>riage ( _! fa!r4 ,a /ep-"m has full p[] to inflict suff]+ on ! little un=tunates4 ,b y h said no?+ ( ! au?ority ( p>5ts ov] _! *ildr54 ,,au?or4 ,! au?ority ( ! p>5ts ov] ! *ildr5 is ! same2 ! expression1 pat]nal au?ority1 is incomplete2 ! true phrase w\ld be p>5tal au?ority4 ,on ?is head1 we dem& t if !re be diss5sion betwe5 ! fa!r & "m ) reg>d to ! *ildr51 ! family c\ncil %all decide 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,t nei!r ! fa!r nor ! "m %all h p[] to %ut up ! *ild unless bo? are agre$4 ,t ! fa!r or ! "m act+ z gu>dian %all n h p[] to h rec\rse to ?is measure except ) ! concurr5ce ( ! inspect+ gu>dian1 or1 9 case ( diff]5ce1 ) ! approbation ( ! family c\ncil1 always res]v+ ! "r ( appeal to ! c\rt4 ,t ! m>riageable age %all be fix$ at tw5ty-five = bo? sexes4 ,,read]4 ,%all we dem& ! suppression ( sep>ation f b$ & bo>d8 ,,au?or4 ,no2 b we mu/ dem& t divorce %all be e/abli%$4 ,t divorce may be obta9$ = ! adult]y ( "o ( ! p>ties1 cruelty1 grave abuses1 condemnation to puni%m5t affect+ ! lib]ty or p]son1 notori\s vices1 incompatibility ( temp]1 mutual cons5t4 ,t1 dur+ ! suit = sep>ation or = divorce1 ! gu>dian%ip ( ! *ildr5 %all be giv5 to ! mo/ des]v+ p>5t2 & t1 if bo? are alike unwor?y1 a gu>dian & inspect+ gu>dian ( diff]5t sexes %all be appo9t$4 ,t1 if bo? are des]v+1 !y %all settle x amicably betwe5 !mselves be=e ! family c\ncil4 ,t p>ties m>ri$ "u ! dotal sy/em or "u t ( ! sep>ation ( goods1 %all h control ( _! own prop]ty4 ,t if ! petition = divorce be on acc\nt ( ! bad managem5t ( ! common prop]ty1 ! adm9i/ration %all be tak5 away f ! husb& & entru/$ to ! wife4 ,t if ! petition be on acc\nt ( ! condemnation ( "o ( ! p>ties to puni%m5t affect+ ! lib]ty or p]son1 ! o!r %all rema9 adm9i/rator4 ,t1 9 all o!r cases1 an inv5tory %all be made & ! sp\se be/ fitt$ to ! task be appo9t$ gu>dian "u ! surveillance ( "o or two memb]s ( ! family ( ! o!r sp\se1 ) ! obligation ( furni%+ e/ov]s to ! o!r4 ,t ! decree grant+ ! divorce or sep>ation %all be> ! numb]1 "n & age ( ! *ildr5 born ( ! m>riage1 toge!r ) ! annual sum t ea* p>ty is b\nd to furni% = _! ma9t5ance & education4 ,t ?is decree %all /ate to ^: cu/ody ! *ildr5 are entru/$1 :e!r by natural cons5t or by familial or judicial au?ority4 ,t x %all be plac>d$ publicly 9 ! c\rts1 & ins]t$ 9 ! lead+ j\rnals ( ! vic9ity4 ,t ?is in/rum5t %all accompany ! publication ( ! bans ( a subsequ5t m>riage1 "u pa9 ( heavy p5alties4 ,,read]4 ,^! measures are sev]e2 if x w\ld be easy to become divorc$1 x w\ld n be easy to m>ry aft]w>ds4 ,,au?or4 ,i d n d5y x2 b x is bett] to prev5t divorce by ! difficulty ( m>ry+ aft]w>ds1 ?an by plac+ re/rictions ^u x2 9 ! fir/ case1 ! difficulty comes f ! fett]s :i* ! individual has =g$ = himself2 he makes 8 own de/9y2 9 ! second1 individual lib]ty is infr+$ ^u by social au?ority1 :i* is an abuse ( p[]4 ,,read]4 ,let u ent] ^u ! legal re=ms conc]n+ morals4 ,,au?or4 ,we dem& t e promise ( m>riage :i* is n fulfill$ %all be puni%$ ) a f9e & damages4 ,t e man :om an unm>ri$ "m c prove by witnesses or lett]s1 to be ! fa!r ( h] *ild1 %all be subject to ! burd5s ( pat]nity4 ,t ! inve/igation ( pat]nity %all be au?oriz$ l t ( mat]nity4 ,t ! s$uction ( an unm>ri$ woman "u tw5ty-five %all be sev]ely puni%$4 ,t no unm>ri$ woman c be regi/]$ among ! public wom5 be=e tw5ty-five ye>s old1 & t %e %all be put into ! h\se ( correction if %e ab&ons h]self to pro/itution be=e ?is age4 ,t e ab&on$ woman :o receives a man "u tw5ty-five ye>s ( age %all be puni%$ ) f9e & imprisonm5t1 & t ! p5alty %all be t]rible if %e is diseas$4 ,,read]4 ,x w be said t pat]nity _c be prov$4 ,,au?or4 ,i d n d5y t x may be possible t ! fa!r attribut$ to ! natural *ild w n be ! true "o2 b x w be necess>y to e/abli% by pro(s t he has r5d]$ himself liable to be reput$ su*3 x is ! probability ( pat]nity 9 m>riage ext5d$ to pat]nity out ( m>riage4 ,s mu* ! worse = m5 :o suff] !mselves to be caught6 x is %ameful to atta* impunity to ! mo/ disord]ly & subv]sive ( selfi% desires2 wom5 mu/ no long] be> alone ! burd5 ( natural *ildr51 & no long] be tempt$ to ab&on !m4 ,,read]4 ,b :at if x be prov$ t a m>ri$ man has r5d]$ himself liable to become a fa!r outside 8 h\sehold4 ,,au?or4 ,?is %\ld be fir/ a case ( divorce2 next1 ( puni%m5t = him & 8 accomplice4 ,z to ! *ild1 ! man %\ld be> ! *>ge ( x 9 conc]t ) ! "m4 ,,read]4 ,^! are inde$ ,draconian laws6 ,,au?or4 ,d y n see t corruption is %utt+ u 91 body & s\l2 & t if we d n create a vigor\s reaction aga9/ x by ! sev]ity ( ! laws1 ! re=m ( education1 & ! awak5+ ( ! ideal1 our society w be1 ere long1 only an imm5se bro!l8 ,,read]4 ,alas6 x is b too true4 ,,au?or4 ,let u dem& !n1 n only a rational re=m ( ! national education1 b also t ! numb] ( lyceums %all be d\bl$ = girls4 ,t all ! in/itutions ( high] in/ruction dep5d5t on ! /ate %all be op5 to !m z to boys4 ,t !y %all be admitt$ to receive ! same univ]sity degrees1 & ! same diplomas ( capacity z m54 ,t e field ( occupation %all be op5$ to !m z to m52 ,s t1 elevat$ 9 public op9ion by equality1 _! activity %all no long] be nom9ally comp5sat$2 t !y may live by _! labor1 & t want1 disc\ragem5t & suicide may no long] t]m9ate _! life :5 !y d n make *oice ( ! sad "p ( elem5ts ( demoralization4 ,i4 ,,appeal ,,to ,,wom54 ,progressive wom51 to y1 ,i address my la/ words1 ,li/5 9 ! "n ( ! g5]al good1 9 ! "n ( y\r sons & y\r daught]s4 ,y say3 ! mann]s ( our "t are corrupt2 ! laws conc]n+ our sex ne$ re=m4 ,x is true2 b d y ?9k t to v]ify ! evil suffices to cure x8 ,y say3 s long z woman %all be a m9or 9 ! city1 ! /ate & m>riage1 %e w be s 9 social labor2 %e w be =c$ to be support$ by man2 t is to debase him :ile humbl+ h]self4 ,x is true2 b d y believe t to v]ify ^! ?+s suffices to rem$y our abasem5t8 ,y say3 ! education t bo? sexes receive is deplorable 9 view ( ! de/9y ( humanity4 ,x is true2 b d y believe t to affirm ?is suffices to improve1 to trans=m ! me?od ( education8 ,w words1 compla9ts & prote/ations h p[] to *ange any ( ^! ?+s8 ,x is n to lam5t ov] !m t is ne$$2 x is to act4 ,x is n m]ely to dem& ju/ice & re=m t is ne$$2 x is to labor ourselves = re=m2 x is to prove by our works t we are wor?y to obta9 ju/ice2 x is to take possession resolutely ( ! conte/$ place2 x is1 9 a ^w1 to h intellect1 c\rage & activity4 ,^u :om !n w y h a "r to c\nt1 if y ab&on y\rselves8 ,^u m58 ,y\r c>elessness & sil5ce h 9 "p disc\rag$ ^? :o ma9ta9$ y\r "r2 x is mu* if !y def5d y aga9/ ^? :o1 to oppress y1 call to _! aid e species ( ignorance1 e species ( despotism1 e selfi% passion1 all ! p>adoxes :i* !y despise :5 _! own sex is 9 "q4 ,y are insult$1 y are outrag$1 y are d5i$ or y are blam$ 9 ord] t y may be r$uc$ to subjection1 & x is mu* if y\r indignation is r\s$ !reby6 ,:5 w y be a%am$ ( ! "p to :i* y are condemn$8 ,:5 w y respond to ! appeal t g5]\s & intellig5t m5 h made to y8 ,:5 w y cease to be mascul9e photographs1 & resolve to complete ! revolution ( humanity by f9ally mak+ ! ^w ( woman he>d 9 ,religion1 9 ,ju/ice1 9 ,politics & 9 ,sci5ce8 ,:at are we to d1 y say8 ,:at are y to d1 ladies8 ,well6 :at is done by wom5 believ+4 ,look at ^? :o h giv5 _! s\l to a dogma2 !y =m organizations1 tea*1 write1 act on _! surr\nd+s & on ! ris+ g5]ation 9 ord] to secure ! triumph ( ! fai? t has ! support ( _! consci5ce4 ,:y d n y d z mu* z !y8 ,y\r rivals write books /amp$ ) sup]naturalism & individuali/ic morality1 :y d y n write ^? t be> ! /amp ( rationalism1 ( solid>y morality & ( a holy fai? 9 ,progress8 ,y\r rivals f\nd educational in/itutions & tra9 up pr(essors 9 ord] to ga9 ov] ! new g5]ation to _! dogmas & _! practices1 :y d n y d z mu* = ! b5efit ( ! new ideas8 ,y\r rivals organize indu/rial associations1 :y d n y imitate !m8 ,w\ld n :at is lawful to !m be s to y4 ,c\ld a gov]nm5t :i* pr(esses to revive ! pr9ciples ( '#hi1 & :i* is ! (fspr+ ( ,revolution>y "r1 ent]ta9 ! ?\ght ( fett]+ ! direct heirs ( ! pr9ciples laid d[n by '#hi1 :ile leav+ ^? free to act :o are m or less _! enemies8 ,c any "o ( y admit su* a possibility8 ,:at are we to d8 ,y are to e/abli% a j\rnal to ma9ta9 y\r claims4 ,y are to appo9t an encyclop$ic committee to draw up a s]ies ( treatises on ! pr9cipal bran*es ( human k = ! enlight5m5t ( wom5 & ! p4 ,y are to f\nd a ,polyte*nic ,in/itute = wom54 ,y are to aid y\r si/]s ( ! labor+ classes to organize !mselves 9 trades associations on economical pr9ciples m equitable ?an ^? ( ! pres5t "t4 ,y are to facilitate ! return to virtue ( ! lo/ wom5 :o ask y = aid & c\nsel4 ,y are to labor ) all y\r might = ! re=m ( educational me?ods4 ,yet1 9 ! face ( a task s complicat$1 y ask3 :at are we to d8 ,ah1 ye wom5 :o h atta9$ majority1 arise1 if ye h he>t & c\rage6 ,arise1 & let ^? among y :o are ! mo/ intellig5t1 ! mo/ in/ruct$1 & :o h ! mo/ "t & lib]ty con/itute an ,apo/le%ip ( wom54 ,ar\nd ?is ,apo/le%ip1 let all ! wom5 ( ,progress be rang$1 t ea* "o may s]ve ! common cause accord+ to h] means4 ,& rememb]1 rememb] above all ?+s1 t ,union is /r5g?4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,new ,,books ,& ,new ,editions ,rec5tly ,issu$ by ,,c>leton1 ,,publi%]1 ,,new ,,york4 #dah ,,broadway1 ,,corn] ,,( ,,lisp5>d ,,/reet4 ,n4,b4--,,! ,,publi%]1 ^u receipt ( ! price 9 advance1 w s5d any ( ! foll[+ ,books1 by mail1 ,,po/age ,,free1 to any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is conv5i5t & v safe mode may be adopt$ :5 ! neighbor+ ,booksell]s are n suppli$ ) ! desir$ "w4 ,/ate "n & address 9 full4 ,victor ,hugo4 ,,les ,,mis]ables4--,! only unabridg$ ,engli% translation ( ! gr&e/ & be/ ,novel ev] writt54 ,"o l>ge octavo vol41 pap] cov]s1 #a4jj1 or clo? #a4ej ,,les ,,mis]ables4--,a sup]ior edition ( ! same ,novel1 9 five octavo vols4--,fant9e1 ,cosette1 ,m>ius1 ,/4 ,d5is1 & ,valjean4 ,clo?1 ea* vol41 #a4jj ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,victor ,,hugo4--7,und]/ood to be an ,autobiography47 ,z *>m+ & int]e/+ z a ,novel4 octavo1 clo? #a4ej ,by ! ,au?or ( ,rutl$ge4 ,,rutl$ge4--,a deeply int]e/+ novel4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,! ,,su!rl&s4-- #a4ej ,,frank ,,w>r+ton4-- #a4ej ,,l\ie',s ,,la/ ,,t]m ,,at ,,/4 ,,m>y',s4-- #a4ej ,a ,,new ,,novel4--,9 press4 ,h&-,books ( ,good ,society4 ,,! ,,habits ,,( ,,good ,,society2 ) ,?\ghts1 ,h9ts1 & ,anecdotes1 conc]n+ nice po9ts ( ta/e1 good mann]s1 & ! art ( mak+ oneself agreeable4 ,repr9t$ f ! ,london ,edition4 ,! be/ & mo/ ent]ta9+ "w ( ! k9d ev] publi%$4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,conv]sation4--,) directions = self-culture4 ,a s5sible & in/ructive "w1 t ought to be 9 ! h&s ( e "o :o wi%es to be ei!r an agreeable talk] or li/5]4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4be ,mrs4 ,m>y ,j4 ,holmes' ,works4 ,,d>kness ,,& ,,daylight4--,j publi%$4 #abmo4 cl4 #a4ej ',,l5a ,,riv]s4-- ,a ,novel4 #a4ej ,,tempe/ ,,& ,,sun%9e4-- #a4ej ,,m>ian ,,grey4-- #a4ej ,,mead[ ,,brook4-- #a4ej ,,engli% ,,orphans4-- #a4ej ,,dora ,,deane4-- #a4ej ,,c\s9 ,,maude4-- #a4ej ,,home/ead ,,on ,,! ,,hillside4-- #a4ej ,artemus ,w>d4 ,,8 ,,book4--,an irresi/ibly funny volume ( writ+s by ! immortal ,am]ican humori/ & %[man2 ) pl5ty ( comic illu/rations4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4be ,miss ,mulo*4 ,,john ,,halifax1 ,g5tleman4 ,a novel4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,a ,,life ,,= ,a ,,life4-- #a4ej ,*>lotte ,bronte 7,curr] ,bell74 ,,jane ,,eyre4--,a novel4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,%irley4-- #a4ej ,,villette4-- #a4ej ,edmund ,kirke4 ,,among ,,! ,,p9es4--,a ?rill+ "w4 #abmo4 clo?1 ,,my ,,s\!rn ,,fri5ds4-- ,,d[n ,,9 ,,t5nessee4--,j publi%$4 ,cu?b]t ,b$e4 ,,v]dant ,,gre54--,a rollick+1 humor\s novel ( /ud5t life 9 an ,engli% ,univ]sity2 ) m ?an #bjj comic illu/rations4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,ri*>d ,b4 ,kimball4 ,,0 ,,he ,,successful8-- ,a novel4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,und]curr5ts4-- #a4ej ,,sa9t ,,leg]4-- #a4ej ,,romance ,,( ,,/ud5t ,,life4-- #a4ej ,,9 ,,! ,,tropics4--,edit$ by ,r4 ,b4 ,kimball4 #a4ej ,epes ,s>g5t4 ,,peculi>4--,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable & successful novels publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,miss ,augu/a ,j4 ,evans4 ,,beulah4--,a novel ( great p[]4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,a4 ,s4 ,roe's ,works4 ,a ,,long ,,look ,,ahead4-- ,a novel4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,to ,,love ,,& ,,to ,,be ,,lov$4-- #a4ej ,,"t ,,& ,,tide4-- #a4ej ,i',,ve ,,be5 ,,?9k+4-- #a4ej ,,! ,,/> ,,& ,,! ,,cl\d4-- #a4ej ,,true ,,to ,,! ,,la/4-- #a4ej ,,h[ ,,c\ld ,,he ,,help ,,x4-- #a4ej ,,l ,,& ,,unlike4-- #a4ej ,a ,,new ,,novel4--,9 ,press4 #a4ej ,walt] ,b>rett1 ,cl]k4 ,,old ,,m]*ants ,,( ,,new ,,york4--,be+ p]sonal incid5ts1 int]e/+ sket*es1 bits ( biography1 & gossipy ev5ts 9 ! life ( ne>ly e lead+ m]*ant 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,two s]ies4 #abmo4 clo?1 ea*1 #a4ej ,t4 ,s4 ,ar?ur's ,new ,works4 ,,light ,,on ,,%ad[$ ,,pa?s4-- ,a novel4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,out ,,9 ,,! ,,_w4--,9 press4 #a4ej ,,no?+ ,,b ,,gold4-- #a4ej ,! ,orpheus ,c4 ,k]r ,pap]s4 ,a ,,collection ( exquisitely satirical & humor\s milit>y criticisms4 ,two s]ies4 #abmo4 clo?1 ea*1 #a4be ,m4 ,mi*elet's ,works4 ,,love 7,l',,am\r74--,f ! ,fr5*4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4be ,,woman 7,,la ,,femme74-- #a4be ,,woman ,,made ,,free4--,fr5* ( ,d',h]ic\rt1 #a4ej ,novels by ,ruff9i4 ,,dr4 ,,antonio4--,a love /ory ( ,italy4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,lav9ia2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,italian ,,arti/4-- #a4ej ,,v9c5zo2 ,,or1 ,,sunk5 ,,rocks4-- #hvo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,rev4 ,john ,cumm+1 ,d4,d41 ( ,london4 ,,! ,,great ,,tribulation4--,two s]ies4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4be ,,! ,,great ,,prep>ation4-- #a4be ,,! ,,great ,,consummation4-- #a4be ,,tea* ,,u ,,to ,,pray4-- #a4be ,erne/ ,r5an4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,jesus4--,translat$ by ,c4 ,e4 ,wilb\r f ! celebrat$ ,fr5* "w4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,religi\s ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,criticism4-- #hvo4 clo?1 #b4ej ,*>les ,reade4 ,,! ,,cloi/] ,,& ,,! ,,he>?4--,a magnific5t new novel1 by ! au?or ( ,h>d ,ca%1 etc4 #hvo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,! ,op]a4 ,,tales ,,f ,,! ,,op]as4--,a collection ( clev] /ories1 bas$ ^u ! plots ( all ! fam\s op]as4 #abmo4 cl41 #a4be ,j4 ,c4 ,jeaffreson4 ,a ,,book ,,ab\t ,,doctors4--,an exce$+ly humor\s & ent]ta9+ volume ( sket*es1 /ories1 & facts1 ab\t fam\s physicians & surgeons4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,fr$4 ,s4 ,cozz5s4 ,,! ,,sp>r[grass ,,pap]s4--,a capital humor\s "w1 ) illu/rations by ,d>ley4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4be ,f4 ,d4 ,gu]razzi ,,beatrice ,,c5ci4--,a great hi/orical novel4 ,translat$ f ! ,italian2 ) a portrait ( ! ,c5ci1 f ,guido's fam\s picture 9 ,rome4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,private ,miles ,o',reilly4 ,,8 ,,book4--,ri* ) 8 songs1 s]vices1 & spee*es1 & comically illu/rat$4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4be ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,p>k4 ,a ,,sup]b ,,gift ,,book4--,! ,c5tral ,p>k pleasantly describ$1 & magnific5tly embelli%$ ) m ?an #ej exquisite photographs ( ! pr9cipal views & objects ( int]e/4 ,a l>ge qu>to volume1 sumptu\sly b\nd 9 ,turkey morocco1 #be4jj ,joseph ,rodman ,drake4 ,,! ,,culprit ,,fay4--,! mo/ *>m+ fa]y poem 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,beautifully pr9t$4 #abmo4 clo?1 #j4ge ,"m ,goose = ,gr[n ,folks4 ,,humor\s ,,rhymes = gr[n p2 bas$ ^u ! fam\s ,"m ,goose ,melodies4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4jj ,/eph5 ,massett4 ,,drift+ ,,ab\t4--,a comic illu/rat$ book ( ! life & travels ( ,jeems ,pipes4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4be ,a ,new ,sport+ ,"w4 ,,! ,,game ,,fi% ,,( ,,! ,,nor?4--,"o ( ! be/ books on fi% & fi%+ ev] publi%$4 ,ent]ta9+ z well z in/ructive1 & full ( illu/rations4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,balzac's ,novels4 ,,ces> ,,birotteau4--,f ! ,fr5*4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4be ,,! ,,al*emi/4-- #a4be ,,eug5ie ,,gr&et4-- #a4be ,,petty ,,annoyances ,,( ,,m>ri$ ,,life4-- #a4be ,?omas ,bailey ,aldri*4 ,,babie ,,bell1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4--,blue & gold b9d+1 #a4jj ,,out ,,( ,,8 ,,head4--,a new romance4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4jj ,ri*>d ,h4 ,/odd>d4 ,,! ,,k+',s ,,bell4--,a new poem4 #abmo4 clo?1 #j4ge ,,! ,,morgesons4--,a novel4 ,by ,mrs4 ,r4 ,h4 ,/odd>d4 #a4jj ,edmund ,c4 ,/$man4 ,,alice ,,( ,,monm\?4--,a new poem4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4jj ,,lyrics ,,& ,,idyls4-- #j4ge ,m4 ,t4 ,walwor?4 ,,lulu4--,a new novel4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,hotspur4-- 9 press4 ,au?or ( ,olie4 ,,nep5!4--,a new novel4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,,toge!r4-- 9 press4 ,que/4 ,a ,,new ,,romance4--,9 press4 #abmo4 clo?1 ,victoire4 ,a ,,new ,,novel4--,9 ,press4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,r$-,tape4 ,,& ,,pigeon-,,hole ,,g5]als1 z se5 by a citiz5-soldi] 9 ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4be ,au?or ,gre5 ,m\nta9 ,boys4 ,,c5teola4--,a new "w1 9 press4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,c4 ,fr5* ,ri*>ds4 ,,john ,,guild]/r+',s ,,s94--,a novel4 #abmo4 clo?1 ,j4 ,r4 ,beck)4 ,,! ,,w9?rops4--,a novel1 9 press4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,jas4 ,h4 ,hackett4 ,,notes ,,& ,,comm5ts ,,on ,,%akspe>e4-- #abmo4 clo?1 #a4ej ,miscellane\s ,works4 ,,alex&] ,,von ,,humboldt4--,life & travels4 #abmo4 cl41 #a4ej ,,life ,,( ,,hugh ,,mill]1 ! 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