,illu/ration ,,! ,,univ]sal ,,c\nt]feit ,,& ,,alt]$ ,,bank ,,note ,,detector1 ,,at ,,sight3 ,a ,sy/em ( ,infallible ,detection at ,sight1 ,applicable to all ,banks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 n[ 9 circulation1 or h]eaft] issu$4 ,,complete ,,9 ,,sev5 ,,rules3 ,,) ,diagrams & ,illu/rations on ,/eel1 ,,= ,,self-,,in/ruction4 ,,arrang$ ,,& ,,improv$ ,,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,foote1 #ga ,,broadway1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,f\r? ,,edition4--,,fif? ,,?\s&4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,mann ,,spe>1 ,,pr9t]s ,,& ,,/ation]s1 #acc ,,pe>l ,,/reet4 #ahec4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahdh1 by ,,:eel] ,m4 ,,gillett1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = ! ,di/rict ( ,ohio4 ,,te/imonials4 ,new ,york1 ,sept4 #ah?1 #ahdi4--;,i h exam9$ ,mr4 ,foote's me?od ( detect+ c\nt]feit ,bank ,notes1 & h no hesitation 9 say+1 t 9 my op9ion x w be exce$+ly s]viceable to any :o w give x _! att5tion4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,edmonds1 ,ca%i] ,me*anics' ,bank1 ,n4,y4 ,i concur 9 ! above4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,ar?ur1 ,ass't ,ca%i] ,union ,bank1 ,n4,y4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,foote's me?od ( detect+ c\nt]feit & alt]$ notes is f\nd$ on true pr9ciples1 & well wor?y ! consid]ation ( all money-tak]s4 ,j4 ,mc,c,h,e,s,n,e,y1 ,( ,adams1 ,mc,chesney ,co41 ,ex*ange ,brok]s1 #ga ,wall /41 ,n4,y4 ,,*as4 ,,colgate ,,co41 ,ex*ange ,brok]s1 #fg ,wall /reet4 ,c4 ,s4 ,,sloane1 ,ex*ange ,brok]1 #bc ,wall /reet4 ,,an?ony ,,lane1 ,ex*ange ,brok]1 #di ,wall /reet4 ,troy1 ,nov4 #bc;d1 #ahdi4--,two mon?s s9ce ,i att5d$ ,mr4 ,foote's in/ructions 9 detect+ c\nt]feit ,bank ,notes1 & am v will+ n[ to say t ,i am well satisfi$ ) 8 sy/em & mode ( expla9+ x4 ,c4 ,p4 ,,h>tt1 ,tell] ,troy ,city ,bank4 ,new ,york1 ,nov4 #bh?1 #ahdi4--;,i fully concur 9 ! op9ion respect+ ,mr4 ,foote's mode ( detect+ ,c\nt]feit ,bills z express$ above4 ,j4 ,,simpson1 ,book-keep]1 #gb ,william /reet4 ,city ,hall1 ,new ,york1 ,nov #bi?1 #ahdi4--;,i fully concur ) ,mr4 ,simpson 9 ! above op9ion4 ,,geo4 ,w4 ,,matsell1 ,*ief ( ,police4 ,lans+burgh1 ,n4 ,y41 ,nov4 #bc;d1 #ahdi4--;,i fully agree ) ! prec$+ op9ions on ! subject ( ,h4 ,c4 ,foote's ,detector4 ,a4 ,,wal%1 ,jr41 ,tell] ,bank ( ,lans+burgh4 ,new ,york1 ,dec4 #bb;d1 #ahdi4--;,i concur 9 ! above /atem5ts4 ,,amasa ,z4 ,,fo/]1 ,ex*ange ,brok]1 #bcd ,pe>l /reet4 ,new ,york1 ,dec4 #bf?1 #ahdi4--;,i h exam9$ ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,foote's sy/em = detect+ c\nt]feit ,bank pap] & ?9k x useful1 especially 9 well-execut$ c\nt]feits :]e judgm5t mu/ dep5d ^u ! engrav+ alone4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,v]milye1 ,( ,c>p5t] ,v]milye1 ,ex*ange ,brok]s1 #ed ,wall /reet4 ,new ,york1 ,nov4 #ag?1 #ahdi4--;,hav+ tak5 lessons 9 c\nt]feit ,bank ,note ,detection1 z giv5 by ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,foote1 ,i hesitate n to say t ,i am fully satisfi$ t if /rictly foll[$ & practis$ ^u1 any man may detect ! mo/ +5i\s c\nt]feit4 ,x has ! advantage ( be+ r$uc$ to sy/em1 & ! in=mation imp>t$ respect+ g5u9e engrav+ is wor? d\ble ! co/ ( lesson4 ,a4 ,,lewis1 ,ca%i] at ,lod] ,co4's ,:olesale ,dry ,goods1 #hc ,c$> /reet4 ,new ,york1 ,nov4 #bj?1 #ahdi4--;,i h exam9$ into ,mr4 ,foote's sy/em ( c\nt]feit detection1 & am satisfi$ x is useful & ( great advantage to all deal+ 9 ,bank ,notes4 ,,wilson ,,def5dorf1 ,ex*ange ,brok]1 #hb ,wall /reet4 ,,smi? ,,haws1 ,ex*ange ,brok]s1 #acg ,*a?am /reet4 ,new ,york1 ,jan4 #h?1 #ahej4--;,hav+ be5 in/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,foote 9 8 me?od ( detect+ c\nt]feit ,bank ,bills1 ,i c say ) confid5ce t 8 sy/em is p]fect4 ,,*as4 ,w4 ,,hubbell1 ,ca%i] ) ,lee ,brew/]1 ,pr9t ,w>eh\se1 #dd ,c$> /reet4 ,new ,york1 ,dec4 #e?1 #ahdi4--;,hav+ avail$ myself ( ! in/ruction imp>t$ 9 c\nt]feit detection z taught by ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,foote1 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t ,i am fully satisfi$ t x c by /rict att5tion to ! rules be made an infallible means ( detect+ all k9ds ( spuri\s ,bills4 ,a4 ,,c>p5t]1 ,dome/ic ,goods1 #eb ,c$> /reet4 ,new ,york4 ,feb4 #ai?1 #ahej4--;,i take pleasure 9 /at+ t ! in/ruction ,i h receiv$ f ,mr4 ,foote is ( great s]vice to me 9 detect+ c\nt]feit & alt]$ ,bills4 ,,*as4 ,f4 ,,goodhue1 ,ca%i] at ,d4 ,d4 ,h4 ,brooks1 ,clo?+ ,w>eh\se1 cor4 ,ca?>9e & ,*]ry /reets4 ,new ,york1 ,feb4 #ai?1 #ahej4--;,ab\t ! be/ ?ree doll>s ,i h sp5t 0 ) ,mr4 ,foote = 8 valuable lesson 9 detect+ c\nt]feit money4 ,,john ,t4 ,,br[n1 ,( ,&rew ,br[n ,son1 ,clo?i]s1 #aad ,*]ry /reet4 ,new ,york1 #af? ,nov4 #ahdi4--;,i h exam9$ ! sy/em ( ,mr4 ,foote = detect+ c\nt]feits1 & am satisfi$ t x is infallible :5 all ! rules are appli$4 ,s4 ,m4 ,,al=d1 ,:olesale ,h>dw>e1 #e ,platt /reet4 ,also sev]al hundr$ m te/imonials f ,bank]s1 ,brok]s1 & ,m]*ants 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ,troy1 ,buffalo1 ,detroit & ,ohio4 ,notices by ! ,press ( ! 8,univ]sal ,c\nt]feit ,detector40 8,,c\nt]feit ,,bank-,,note ,,detector ,,at ,,sight40--,we h se5 a little pamphlet ( #bj pages1 by ,h4 ,c4 ,foote1 ( #gfc ,gre5wi*-/reet1 ,n4 ,y41 ) ?is title4 ,x gives eight rules1 ) illu/rative diagrams1 by an acqua9tance ) :i*1 any p]son may readily di/+ui% ! engrav+ ( a c\nt]feit bill f a g5u9e "o--f\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciple t no c\nt]feit]1 work+ ) 8 h&1 c possibly atta9 ! beauty & accuracy ( engrav+ by ! p]fect & co/ly ma*9]y ( pr(essional engrav]s4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two is %[n by ! diagrams4 ,! writ] says he has nev] se5 a c\nt]feit :i* a judgm5t by ^! rules w\ld n condemn at sight4 ,well-in=m$ deal]s 9 ,bank ,notes usually act ^u ?is pr9ciple1 b ,mr4 ,foote has "h attempt$ to give rules & explanations to r5d] x m cle> & easily und]/ood1 & by :i* e man may judge = himself4 ,its price is #b4 ,we ?9k1 ) ,mr4 ,edmonds1 ,ca%i] ( ! ,me*anics' ,bank1 ,n4 ,y41 t x w be 8exce$+ly s]viceable to any "o :o w give x due att5tion40--,new>k ,daily ,adv]tis]4 ,,c\nt]feit ,,detector4--,our read]s w notice 9 ano!r column ! adv]tisem5t ( ,h4 ,c4 ,foote's ,univ]sal ,c\nt]feit ,detector4 ,we h exam9$ ! sy/em1 & h no hesitation 9 /at+ t x w d m ?an all o!rs n[ 9 use t[>ds ridd+ ! c\ntry ( c\nt]feit notes4 ,! in/ructions :i* accompany ! magnify+ glass w enable a p]son1 ) v little tr\ble1 to det]m9e betwe5 good & bad notes4 ,we notice among ^? :o h recomm5d$ ! sy/em1 ! names ( ,f4 ,w4 ,edmonds1 ,esq4 ,ca%i] ( ! ,me*anics' ,bank1 ,n4 ,y42 ,e4 ,h4 ,ar?ur1 ,esq4 ( ! ,union ,bank2 ,c4 ,s4 ,sloane1 ,brok]1 ,wall /reet1 & _m o!r prom95t money deal]s4 ,f :at we c le>n1 we %\ld ?9k x a subject ( univ]sal int]e/4--,sci5tific ,am]ican4 ,h4 ,c4 ,foote has publi%$ a little book ( #bj pages1 call$ ! ,c\nt]feit ,note ,detector4 ,x seems to u to conta9 mu* important in=mation = ! detection ( c\nt]feit ,pap]-money4--,new ,york ,express1 ,novemb] #bd4 ,,to ,,detect ,,c\nt]feits4--,we h be5 made acqua9t$ ) a v valuable me?od ( detect+ c\nt]feit ,bank ,notes at sight1 :i* may be le>n$ by any "o 9 "o h\r4 ,! au?or is ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,foote1 ,no4 #gfc ,gre5wi*-/reet1 ,n4 ,y4--,new ,york ,sun1 ,novemb] #f?1 #ahdi4 8,,! ,,univ]sal ,,c\nt]feit ,,detector40--,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,foote1 ( #gfc ,gre5wi*-/reet1 has j publi%$ a pamphlet1 entitl$ z above1 small 9 size1 b exce$+ly useful2 a famili>ity ) ! cont5ts ( :i* w r5d] e "o fully compet5t to detect any c\nt]feit or alt]$ ,bank ,note at sight4 ,f an exam9ation into ! sy/em we are conv9c$ t ! k d]iv$ f ! little "w 9 "q w be ( ess5tial int]e/ to e tradesman1 & we !re=e comm5d x to _! att5tion & consid]ation4 ,by an adv]tisem5t 9 ano!r column x w be p]ceiv$ t ,mr4 ,foote w give lessons 9 8 sy/em1 to all :o may desire x4--,new ,york ,atlas1 ,febru>y #c;d1 #ahej4 ,wat] ,cure ,in/itute1 ,s>atoga ,spa1 ,sept4 #ab?4 #ahdi4--,,to ,,:om ,,x ,,may ,,conc]n3--,! be>]1 ,h5ry ,c4 ,foote1 is a "y g5tleman ( unexceptionable moral "*1 ( excell5t bus9ess habits1 ( /rict integrity1 & is scrupul\sly hone/4 ,he pr(esses no?+ he is n compet5t to p]=m4 ,! bus9ess he is n[ engag$ 9 is1 & mu/ be1 ( great individual & public b5efit1 & a direct means ( prev5t+ m5 f attempt+ to prey ^u ! community by fraud4 ,if all t h&le money _h ! k ( detect+ spuri\s ,bank ,notes at sight1 ! trade w\ld become ext9ct4 ,mr4 ,foote c imp>t ?is k 9 "o h\r to any p]son ( ord9>y obs]vation4 ,we mo/ he>tily comm5d him & 8 art to ! public4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,hamilton1 ,m4,d4 8,,! ,,univ]sal ,,c\nt]feit ,,& ,,alt]$ ,,bank-,,note ,,detector0 expla9s a me?od = ! infallible detection ( c\nt]feit notes4 ,x is highly recomm5d$ by exp]i5c$ bank]s1 & ) its cle> descriptions ( ! ess5tial po9ts 9 a g5u9e note1 _c fail to be ( great practical value4--,new ,york ,tribune1 ,aug4 #ba/1 #ahej4 ,,univ]sal ,,c\nt]feit ,,detector1 ,applicable to all ,banks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,/eel-plate ,illu/rations conta9 /&>d specim5s ( all ! diff]5t /yles ( engrav+ ( ! notes ( all ! ,banks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--six di/9ct k9ds2 f\r k9ds ( ,eng9e-"w1 :i* is impossible to be imitat$ by h&4 ,9 c\nt]feits x is attempt$1 & ?is book expla9s ! pr9ciple 9 su* a mann] z to enable any p]son to detect at sight1 infallibly1 any c\nt]feit or alt]$ note4 ,,introduction4 ,h]et(ore ! be/ judges ( money h _h no?+ z a guide 9 judg+ at sight b exp]i5ce 9 h&l+ money1 a famili>ity ) ! notes ( a few p>ticul> banks1 & ! g5]al appe>ance ( a note4 ,!y become famili> ) a c]ta9 7to !m7 undef9$ p]fect appe>ance1 g5]ally possess$ by g5u9e notes1 & any app>5t want ( :i* creates suspicion z to ! g5u95ess ( a note2 b ! fir/ impression1 !y affirm1 is ! be/1 z sometimes ^u cont9u$ exam9ation ! judgm5t1 hav+ no p>ticul> guide1 wav]s1 gets confus$1 & is (t5 at fault4 ,n[ ?is unc]ta9ty may be entirely obviat$1 & ! detection ( c\nt]feits at sight r$uc$ to a p]fect sci5ce or ma!matical c]ta9ty2 & ?is great desid]atum is held to be p]fectly atta9$ 9 ! rules "h pres5t$1 :5 comb9$ ) a little practice 9 h&l+ money4 ,all g5u9e ,bank ,notes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are engrav$ ^u "o uni=m pr9ciple1 by regul> ,bank-note ,engrav+ ,companies4 ,a company consi/s ( t5 to tw5ty fir/-class arti/s1 ea* p]fect 9 8 own dep>tm5t2 !re is requir$ a heavy capital to be inve/$1 & ! use ( p]fect1 co/ly & inimitable ma*9]y4 ,s9ce ! inv5tion ( ! ,geometric ,la!1 ,rul+ ,eng9e1 & ,m$allion ,rul+1 & ! inv5tion ( transf]r+ engrav+s by ,p]k9s1 x has be5 r5d]$ entirely out ( ! "q--9 fact1 a physical impossibility--= any g5u9e note to be p]fectly imitat$4 ,c\nt]feit]s _c procure all ! ma*9]y2 & ev5 suppos+ !y c\ld1 x w\ld be aga9/ _! own int]e/ to inve/ #ej1jjj to #ajj1jjj 9 an illegitimate bus9ess1 to run ! haz>d\s risk ( seizure & confiscation4 ,x w\ld be m to _! int]e/ to inve/ t am\nt 9 any hone/ bus9ess4 ,!y !re=e attempt to imitate ! sev]al k9ds ( inimitable eng9e-"w by h&1 & ! imitations ?us produc$ v>y 9 "* f mis]ably poor to tol]able1 & sometimes exce$+ly close imitations--deceiv+ ! be/ judges :o d n und]/& ! pr9ciple1 b detect$ at a glance by any "o und]/&+ x1 z x is expla9$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,sometimes !y get hold ( "o or m worn-out /ol5 g5u9e dies & use !m 9 _! issues--& s f> _! "w w be g5u9e2 b !re is always en\gh else ( ! o!r portions ( ! "w to indicate a c\nt]feit note4 ,! foll[+ items1 quot$ f newspap]s 7,june1 #ahej71 w s]ve to %[ ! necessity ( ! diffusion ( "s sy/em ( infallible detection at sight3-- 8,! ,we/]n ,/ates1 x is said1 are flood$ ) #b bills ( ! ,/ate ,bank1 ,indiana40--,times4 ,! ,bo/on ,travell] ( ,w$nesday1 ,june #e?1 says1 8,x is n suppos$ t c\nt]feit money is manufactur$ 9 ?is city4 ,! great] "p ( ! money ( ?is description :i* has = ye>s flood$ ! c\ntry1 comes f ,canada1 :]e1 f v>i\s causes1 its manufactur]s h be5 left comp>atively undi/urb$1 to c>ry on _! nef>i\s bus9ess4 ''' ,x is n p]haps an exagg]ation to say t trad]s 9 our city are *eat$ out ( at lea/ #ej1jjj annually1 by means ( c\nt]feit money40 ,n[ 9 ,new ,york city1 :i* is f\r times l>g] ?an ,bo/on1 ?is sy/em has be5 pretty g5]ally diffus$ among ! m]*ants = n9e mon?s pa/1 & x may be safely pr$ict$ t = ! ye> #ahej !re w n be "o-t5?1 or ev5 a tw5tie? ( ! above sum lo/ "h by c\nt]feits4 ,m5 :o h&le any money %\ld n refuse to exp5d ! trifl+ sum to le>n ?is sy/em4 ,!y %\ld reflect t besides x be+ aga9/ _! own int]e/s to rema9 ignorant ( x1 _! neglect to le>n x is j s mu* enc\ragem5t to c\nt]feit]s1 because ! less ?is sy/em is spread ! great] ! *ance = c\nt]feit money to circulate & defraud ! public2 !re=e1 e hone/ man %\ld put 8 %\ld] to ! :eel to facilitate ! diffusion ( ! sy/em1 & !reby assi/ to drive all spuri\s money out ( circulation4 ,! diff]5t p]iodical ,bank-note ,li/s are excell5t guides1 z f> z !y g1 b !y d n & _c g f> en\gh4 ,!y assi/ too (t5 aft] ! mis*ief is done4 ,9 hundr$s ( cases _! description ( c\nt]feits is necess>ily vague & unc]ta91 especially :]e ! c\nt]feit is a fac-simile ( ! g5u9e3 !y nev] make a man a good judge ( money at sight4 ,b ! greate/ tr\ble is t new c\nt]feits1 x is said1 are g5]ally 8ru%$0 9 ^u ! community preconc]t$ly1 f diff]5t po9ts at once1 & ! greate/ mis*ief is (t5 done be=e !y h "t to get ! description 9 ! ,li/4 ,n[ ?is sy/em w enable ! poore/ judge to detect any c\nt]feit1 new or old1 ,,at ,,sight4 ,x is arrang$ sy/ematically into sev5 rules1 simple & compreh5sive at a glance ( ! eye4 ,= self-in/ruction a magnify+ glass w be ( great assi/ance at fir/ 9 le>n+ ! pr9ciple1 & aft]w>ds ! nak$ eye w be suffici5t to detect1 b x is advisable to always h a glass on h&4 ,also a few specim5s ( bills1 good & bad1 to comp>e & exam9e at fir/ is necess>y to make ! !ory practical4 ,! foll[+ is ! li/ ( ,,rules3 ,,rule #a4 ,geometric ,la!1 0 #b4 ,rul+ ,eng9e1 ,infallible :5 imitat$4 0 #c4 ,m$allions1 0 #d4 ,vignettes--viz3 ,/ippl+1 ,eyes1 ,hair1 ,drap]y1 ,limbs1 ,sc5]y1 c4 0 #e4 ,lett]+ & ,engrav]s' names4 0 #f4 ,signatures & fill+ up4 0 #g4 ,pap]1 pr9t+1 & g5]al appe>ance4 ,alt]ations f brok5 ,banks--! ,magic ,?ree4 ,alt]$ ,d5om9ations--#a/1 #b;d1 #e? & #g? ,rules4 ,x is believ$1 & exp]i5ce has prov$1 t ! above comb9ation ( rules is arrang$ 9 ! mo/ judici\s & effective ord]1 & ! be/ adapt$ = practical use 9 detect+ at sight t c\ld be devis$4 ,x is 9 fact ne>ly ! ord] 9 :i* a g5u9e plate is orig9ally got up4 ,fir/ ! 8,geometric ,la!0 dies1 8,m$allions10 & 8,vignettes0 are transf]r$2 !n ! 8,lett]+0 & 8,rul+ ,eng9e0 "w1 next ! 8,pap] & ,pr9t+10 8,signatures & fill+ up10 & la/ly1 aft] all is f9i%$1 ! 8,g5]al appe>ance0 ( ! :ole4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,f\r? ,,edition4 ,t ?is "w m]its ! enc\rag+ praise & high appreciation x has met ) seems to be confirm$ by its rapid sale & by ! p]man5t1 /eady dem& yet exi/+ = x1 z well n[ z :5 x 0 fir/ issu$ 9 #ahdi4 ,v>i\s mis]able imitations ( x 7infr+em5ts ( ! copyright7 h be5 attempt$ 9 ! =m ( circul>s1 pamphlets1 & pret5d$ outl9es ( x publi%$ 9 newspap]s & ,bank-note ,li/s1 b ( su* a sup]ficial & abortive "* z to entirely fail ( be+ a tru?ful synopsis & answ]+ no p>ticul>ly useful purpose 9 ! detection ( c\nt]feits4 ,?is "w /&s pre-em95t & alone4 ,! only objection h]et(ore made to x 0 its high price4 ,x is n[ r$uc$ to z l[ a price z x c possibly be af=d$1 & ! pres5t edition improv$4 ,h4 ,c4 ,f4 ,,rules4 ,,rule ,i4 ,,! ,,geometric ,,la!4 7,infallible :5 imitat$47 ,! 8,geometric ,la!0 is a v p]fect & co/ly ,engrav+ ,eng9e1 :i* produces v f9e & beautiful ornam5tal patt]ns ( geometric circles ( su* complication1 uni=mity1 & exquisite p]fection1 t x _c possibly be imitat$ 9 any mann]4 ,x engraves or turns ! circul> or oval patt]ns on ! dies1 on :i* ! figures repres5t+ ! d5om9ation ( ! note are plac$4 ,a sket* ( ?is eng9e is quot$ f 8,ni*olson's ,op]ative ,me*anic40 8,"o ( ! mo/ important securities to ! pap] curr5cy ( ne>ly ! :ole comm]cial _w at ! pres5t "t arises f ! inv5tion ( transf]r+ engrav+s1 & ! "w produc$ by ! ,geometric ,la!1 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,,asa ,,sp5c]1 :ile a resid5t ( ,new ,london1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,connecticut4 ,! application ( ?is ,la!-"w = ! security ( ,bank ,notes 0 fir/ made by ,messrs4 ,,fairman1 ,,drap] ,,co41 ( ,philadelphia1 9 #ahaf1 & f its great beauty & difficulty ( imitation1 ,mr4 ,sp5c] 0 induc$ to repair to ,engl& 9 #ahai1 = ! purpose ( secur+ ! pap] curr5cy ( t c\ntry4 ,z _h be5 expect$1 ?is "w 0 put to ! sev]e/ te/ :i* ! comb9$ tal5t ( its great metropolis c\ld inv5t1 & hav+ pass$ ?is trial 9 a v satisfactory mann]1 x 0 subsequ5tly adopt$ v g5]ally by ! ,banks & ,bank]s ( ,engl& & ,scotl&4 8,! ,geometric ,la! diff]s mat]ially f any o!r turn+ eng9e hi!rto inv5t$4 ,! only "o :i* has any simil>ity 9 ! "w produc$1 is ! 8,rose ,eng9e20 b t is only capable ( copy+ patt]ns previ\sly made ^u guides1 :ile ! ,geometric ,la! =ms its own patt]ns1 :i* are all orig9als1 & z v>i\s & unlimit$ z ! #8,kaleidoscope4'''' 8,! impossibility ( successfully imitat+ ?is "w by any process ( h&-"w )9 ! rea* ( ! :ole comb9$ tal5t ( c\nt]feit]s w n be d\bt$ :5 ! sev]e te/ to :i* x has be5 submitt$ is recollect$3 & ev5 suppos+ any comb9ation ( c\nt]feit]s to be 9 possession ( ! diff]5t ma*9es & app5dages necess>y to effect _! object1 !y w\ld soon f9d t ! "t :i* w\ld be requir$ to le>n ! use ( ^! implem5ts 9 secret1 c\ld be m pr(itably employ$ 9 any hone/ occupation40 ,! patt]ns produc$ by ! ,geometric ,la! are conc5tric1 ecc5tric1 or geometric circles1 radiat+ f a common c5tre1 & beautifully int]wov5 into ea* o!r1 =m+ a p]fectly regul> & uni=m #8fancy' patt]n1 s exactly true & uni=m 9 its radiations1 t !re nev] is ! slighte/ possible irregul>ity or imp]fection4 ,x is because ! patt]ns are ( su* exquisite beauty & p]fection1 & at ! same "t extremely f9e & complicat$1 t x is utt]ly impossible to imitate x by h& or by any process :atev]4 ,! ,geometric ,la! does n engrave ! patt]ns imm$iately ^u ! plate itself1 b ! patt]ns are transf]r$ to ! plate f roll] dies or cyl9d]s1 g5]ally 9 two places1 z a majority ( bills conta9 two dies alike1 sometimes f\r1 "o 9 ea* corn]4 ,be+ s+le-transf]r$ ! patt]ns are rev]s$1 & are !n :ite circles or l9es ^u a black gr\nd4 ,( c\rse :5ev] !re are two or f\r dies t pret5d to be alike 9 a g5u9e bill1 !y w all be exactly alike1 be+ all transf]r$ f ! same "o die4 ,see ! two transf]s ( ! die 9 ! /eel plate conta9+ ! #8#c4' ,9 imitations ( ,la!-"w 9 c\nt]feit bills !re w be a failure 9 two ways3 fir/1 9 imitat+ regul>ity ( ! patt]n1 :i* is attempt$ to be done by h&1 & also x is cut directly on ! plate in/ead ( transf]r+1 s t :at 9 ! g5u9e is black spaces1 is engrav$ black 9 ! c\nt]feits1 leav+ :ite spaces & black dots1 resembl+ cobble-/ones--! :ite spaces betwe5 :i* made to resemble :ite l9es1 :ile x c easily be se5 t x is only irregul> black dots & scrat*es in/ead ( :ite l9es or geometric circles4 ,secondly1 a failure 9 gett+ two dies exactly alike 9 ! same bill--t is1 :]e !y pret5d to be alike4 ,if done by h& !re _c be two f9e & complicat$ patt]ns made exactly alike2 b 9 ! g5u9e1 :]e ! patt]n on "o die or cyl9d] is roll$ or transf]r$ 9 two or m places1 !y w all ( c\rse be exactly alike4 ,?is same "w is to be se5 on ! backs ( wat*es1 call$ 8,eng9e ,turn+40 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,b ,magnifi$ #e to #aj times4 ,c ,d ,magnifi$ #aj to #bj times4 ,e ,f ,magnifi$ #e to #aj times4 ,diagrams ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 & ,d1 repres5t ! appe>ance ( v>i\s ,,imitations ( ,geometric ,la!-"w :5 magnifi$ ) a p[]ful glass4 ,!re is g5]ally a /udi$ ef=t to repres5t :ite int]sect+ curv$ l9es or ,geometric ,circles on a black gr\nd2 9 fact try+ to imitate ,,transf]r+2 b !re w always be f\nd1 z 9 ! above diagrams1 no?+ b confus$ black dots & semi-circul> scrat*es1 arrang$ s z to give x ! same 8g5]al appe>ance0 z ! g5u9e1 :5 held a little di/ance (f4 ,sometimes !re is no ef=t made to imitate ! :ite l9es1 & !re w be se5 no?+ b confus$ black dots & irregul> black curv$ l9es1 mix$ up toge!r4 ,diagram ,e repres5ts a magnifi$ oblong-die1 ( alt]nat+ wav$ rul+1 or ecc5tric p>allels transf]r$4 ,see ! two dies conta9+ ! figure 8#bj0 9 ! /eel plate illu/ration4 ,?is "w is done by ! ,rul+ ,eng9e1 & n by ! ,geometric ,la!2 b z ! "w is v simil>1 & imitations ( x fail 9 exactly ! same mann]1 x is class$ "u ! same rule4 ,diagram ,f is a repres5tation ( a magnifi$ c\nt]feit or imitation ( ?is "w by h&2 confus$ black dots on a :ite gr\nd1 in/ead ( true int]wov5 :ite l9es ( ! g5u9e on a black gr\nd4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,,rul+ ,,eng9e4 7,infallible :5 ,imitat$47 ,! ,rul+ ,eng9e is us$ = %ad+ ! lett]s1 skies1 c4 9 g5u9e ,bank notes4 ,und]nea?1 & sometimes on ! lace ( ! lett]s 9 ! title or "n ( ! ,bank1 z well z o!r lett]+1 !re appe>s a s(t1 smoo?1 pale grayi% color1 :i* to ! nak$ eye appe>s to be pa9t$ ) a bru%1 b on close exam9ation x proves to be f9e p>allel l9es1 & :5 done by ! ,rul+ ,eng9e ! l9es are1 #a/1 all exactly ( ! same size2 #b;d1 regul> di/ances ap>t2 #c;d1 p]fectly p>allel to ea* o!r2 #d?1 uni=mity 9 _! direction3 & x is p]fection 9 ^! f\r po9ts :i* gives x su* a smoo? & p]fect appe>ance1 & ! lea/ deviation f :i* w prove x to be h&-"w4 ,9 c\nt]feits ?is %ad+ is imitat$ by h&1 & x is impossible to d x 9 ?is way z p]fect z ! ,rul+ ,eng9e1 z "s l9es w be co>s] ?an o!rs1 "s wid] ap>t ?an o!rs1 n p>allel1 & "s n p]fectly /raight1 & all are apt to be m or less tap]$ (f :5 done by h& ) ! grav]1 :i* is n ! case ) ! g5u9e1 & :i* gives ! :ole a scrat*y appe>ance2 9 fact1 ! lea/ deviation 9 any ( ! po9ts w %[ at once1 & de/roy ! appe>ance ( ! :ole4 ,9 titles1 or ! "n ( a bank1 :]e ! lett]s are alike1 z = in/ance1 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bank ,,( ----1 ! %ad+ 9 ! g5u9e always is done all ! way across all at once1 & !re is a p]fect uni=mity f beg9n+ to end2 ! l9es all po9t exactly 9 ! same direction1 :e!r horizontal or diagonal1 on ! 8,t0 9 8,,!0 z on 8,f0 9 8,,(10 pres]v+ ! same angle & f95ess ?r\gh\t4 ,9 c\nt]feits1 :]e ! lett]s are %ad$ by h&1 "o lett] at a "t1 if ! l9es pret5d to be horizontal1 "s are apt to slant a little d[nw>ds or upw>ds1 "s lett]s %ad$ a little f9] ?an o!rs--t is :]e !y are int5d$ to be alike & uni=m4 ,?is pr9ciple ( ,,uni=mity 9 %ad+ is v important1 & %\ld always be notic$4 ,see ! words 8,,univ]sal10 8,,detector10 8,,banks10 & 8,,unit$ ,,/ates10 9 ! /eel plate1 :i* are %ad$ by ! ,rul+ ,eng9e1 :ile ! ^w 8,,c\nt]feit0 is %ad$ by h& to illu/rate c\nt]feit "w4 ,! sky 9 vignettes 9 ! g5u9e is sometimes rul$ by ! ,rul+ ,eng9e1 & always appe>s s(t1 smoo?1 & p]fectly done1 & 9 ?is case ! l9es tap] (f gradually4 ,imitations ( ?is by h& w appe> unev5 & scrat*y1 "s l9es co>s] ?an o!rs1 & "s wid] ap>t ?an o!rs4 ,all g5u9e skies1 h[ev]1 are n done by ! ,rul+ ,eng9e1 b are sometimes f9e dots or wavy l9es1 :i* fade (f into f9e dots1 & sometimes heavy roll+ cl\ds1 circul> l9es1 b x is always done p]fectly & beautifully1 & looks smoo? & natural1 be+ always done 9 g5u9e bills by fir/ class arti/s1 :ile ! sky 9 c\nt]feits is g5]ally apt to appe> co>se & scrat*y1 & n fad+ (f gradually en\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,g ,h ,magnifi$ #e to #aj times4 ,diagram ,g s]ves to repres5t ! /yle ( g5u9e ,rul+ ,eng9e "w z x appe>s :5 magnifi$ #e to #aj times1 & ,h an imitation ( ,rul+ ,eng9e %ad+ z done by h& & magnifi$ ! same4 ,a fir/-class ,rul+ ,eng9e is said to co/ #cjjj4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,,m$allion ,,or ,,p5tograph ,,rul+4 7,infallible :5 ,imitat$47 ,! ,m$allions are rais$ patt]ns1 or l9e-engrav+s1 g5]ally repres5t+ a head1 or "s rais$ fancy patt]ns 9 g5u9e ,bank ,notes1 :i* look z if rais$ up f ! pap]4 ,!y are call$ m$allions because !y are copi$ always f & repres5t ! patt]n ^u a m$al4 ,x is done by ! ,p5tograph ,rul+ ,eng9e1 :i*1 guid$ by ! m$al1 rules ! :ole patt]n 9 full l5g? l9es1 & ! dies are d\ble transf]r$ to ! plate1 :i* makes ! l9es black1 ! same 9 appe>ance z if ! patt]n 0 rul$ directly ^u ! plate itself by ! eng9e4 ,?is "w is done ^u ! same pr9ciple 9 me*anics ( 8guides10 z %oe-la/s are turn$ by ! 8,la/ turn+ ma*9e40 ,a model la/ is us$ = a guide to ! ma*9e1 :i* turns out ( a r\gh-hewn block ( wood a la/ exactly l ! model4 ,?us 9 g5u9e m$allion rul+ !re is always a m$al or co9 us$ = a 8guide40 ,! po9ts 9 det]m9+ g5u9e m$allions f imitations engrav$ by h&1 are1 ! l9es 9 ! g5u9e all run 9 "o g5]al direction2 !y are always full l5g? l9es across ! :ole patt]n1 ! l9es are all exactly ! same size or calib]1 !y nev] cross ea* o!r4 ,e undulation 9 ! patt]n on ! guide or m$al is copi$ ) ! mo/ un]r+ exactness1 & articulat$ di/9ctly & beautifully correct1 :i* is impossible to be done s p]fectly by h&4 ,9 ! c\nt]feit ! l9es are apt to break (f 9 ! mid/ ( ! patt]n2 "s l9es are apt to be co>s] ?an o!rs1 :i* gives x a scrat*y appe>ance4 ,9 ! g5u9e1 ! l9es cr[d toge!r 9 ! p>ts ( ! patt]n t appe> depress$ or sunk51 & spread ap>t m :]e ! patt]n appe>s rais$ & looks :it]1 produc+ ! lights & %ades ) ! mo/ magnific5t ease & effect4 ,9 ! c\nt]feit done by h& ! l9es d n cr[d & spread ap>t aga91 accord+ to ! patt]n1 ) su* ease & effect1 b ! patt]ns appe> /iff1 flat1 or imp]fectly rais$4 ,!re is always "o ( two ways or alt]natives 9 :i* ! h&-"w imitations appe> to fail4 ,if !y succe$ 9 mak+ ! l9es full l5g?1 z !y ought to be1 !n ! patt]n w inevitably appe> flat 9 expression1 imp]fectly rais$2 b if !y succe$ 9 mak+ ! patt]n look rais$1 z x ought to be1 !n !re w inevitably be brok5 or =k$ l9es all ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! patt]n4 ,x seems impossible to comb9e 9 h&-"w imitations ( ?is extremely f9e & complicat$ "w full l5g? l9es1 & at ! same "t a p]fectly f9i%$ & rais$ patt]n1 :i* ! ,p5tograph ,rul+ ,eng9e always does 9 ! highe/ p]fection4 ,illu/ration3 ,i ,j ,magnifi$ #e to #aj times4 ,k ,magnifi$ #aj to #ae times4 ,diagrams ,i & ,j repres5t ! appe>ance ( c\nt]feit ,m$allions :5 magnifi$4 ,k repres5ts ! appe>ance ( a g5u9e ,m$allion z magnifi$ #aj to #ae times4 ,e l9e is full l5g?1 & exactly ( ! same size4 ,9 ,j ! l9es break (f & =k toge!r all ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! patt]n1 & "s l9es a little co>s] ?an o!rs1 :i* gives x a scrat*y appe>ance4 ,:5ev] !re are two or m m$allions 9 a g5u9e bill t pret5d to be alike1 !y are always exactly alike2 be+ d\ble-transf]r$ f ! same orig9al die2 7see m$allion heads m>k$ #8#c' 9 ! /eel plate17 b two m$allions _c be made exactly alike sep>ately by h&4 ,! foll[+ extract 9 relation to ?is "w is quot$ f ! ,me*anic's ,magaz9e1 #ahce3 8,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute = ,septemb] conta9s an elegant engrav$ portrait ( ,wm4 ,congreve1 ! dramati/1 execut$ by ,wm4 ,a4 ,sp5c] ( ,philadelphia1 9 ! mann] describ$1 & has ins]t$ ! foll[+ pro(s t ! inv5tion c be claim$ = ,am]ica4 #8,believ+ t ! cr$it ( ! inv5tion ( a ma*9e = m$al rul+ is due to ,am]ica1 we w briefly set =? our pro(s1 & !n speak ( ! improvem5ts :i* ( late ye>s ! me?od has und]gone4 ,! pro(s to be giv5 ( ! exi/5ce & /ate ( ! ma*9e are to be d]iv$ f ! results produc$ by x4 ,9 #ahag1 by ! use ( a ma*9e :i* _h be5 inv5t$ 9 ,philadelphia1 ,*ri/ian ,gobre*t1 die-s9k]1 produc$ an engrav+ ^u copp]1 f a m$al hav+ ^u x ! head ( ,alex&] ( ,russia4 ,f ?is engrav+ impressions 7 tak5 & di/ribut$4 ,"o ( ^! impressions we h se54 ,9 #ahai1 ,asa ,sp5c]1 n[ ( ! firm ( ,drap]1 ,und]wood ,co4 bank-note engrav]s1 took ) him to ,london a ma*9e ( ! k9d above allud$ to1 :i* 0 design$ pr9cipally = /raight & wav$-l9e rul+4 ,?is ma*9e 0 us$ 9 ,london dur+ ! ye> j m5tion$1 & ! mode ( rul+ wav$ l9es1 & ( copy+ m$als1 0 !n exhibit$ & expla9$ by ,mr4 ,sp5c] to sev]al arti/s--p>ticul>ly ,mr4 ,t]rell1 :o took by p]mission a draw+ ( ! ma*9e1 = ! purpose ( hav+ "o made = 8 own use4 ,little h[ev] 0 done 9 ! way ( m$al rul+ until ab\t ?ree ye>s s9ce1 7#ahcb17 :5 a desire to apply ! me?od to ! engrav+ ( designs = bank notes caus$ x to be reviv$ by ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 :o be/[$ great att5tion ^u x1 & ov]came ! difficulties met ) 9 ! onset4'--,! peculi> con/ruction ( ?is ma*9e has nev] be5 made a secret1 nor has x ev] be5 pat5t$1 al?\gh prud5tial motives h requir$ t x %\ld n be m9utely describ$1 & ?us be plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ^? by :om its use might be p]v]t$4 ,! op]ations p]=m$ by ?is ma*9e are ! rul+ ( p>allel /raight l9es at any requir$ di/ances ap>t1 ei!r cont9u\s or brok52 rul+ conv]g+ /raight l9es2 rul+ wav$ l9es1 ! waves be+ ei!r simil>1 v>y+ by m or less imp]ceptible gradations2 & m$al rul+ or transf]r+ to copp] ! fac-simile ( a m$al )\t injur+ its surface1 ! wav$ l9es pres5t+ a copy ( ! m9ute/ p>ts ( ! m$al40 ,,rule ,,iv4 ,,vignettes--,a ,,g5]al ,,rule4 ,faces1 ,eyes1 ,/ippl+1 ,hair1 ,drap]y1 ,limbs1 ,sc5]y1 c4 ,rule ,,iv4 relates to ! ,vignettes1 to notice :e!r !y appe> to come up to ! usual /&>d ( p]fection 9 ! foll[+ po9ts3 ! faces1 eyes1 /ippl+1 hair1 drap]y1 limbs1 sc5]y1 l&scapes1 wat] & agricultural sc5es1 c4 ,?is "w is always done by h&1 bo? 9 ! g5u9e & c\nt]feit2 b 9 ! g5u9e x is done by fir/-class arti/s2 m5 :o are at ! head ( _! pr(ession1 & :o c always get su* a complete remun]ation = _! labor t !re _c possibly be any temptation = !m to c\nt]feit4 ,x is only second1 ?ird1 f\r?1 & sometimes hundr$?-rate arti/s t c\nt]feit3--runaway appr5tices & ca/-(f j\rneym51 & possibly amateurs4 ,! po9ts to obs]ve are fir/1 ! human face1 /ippl+1 & ! eyes4 ,?is is ! mo/ difficult ( any "p ( ! ,vignette to execute well1 & fails 9 c\nt]feits1 m ?an any o!r "p ( ! #d? ,rule4 ,9 ! g5u9e1 ! eyes h a p]fectly natural expression1 :ile 9 c\nt]feits !y are1 g5]ally1 m]ely two clumsy dots4 ,! /ippl+ is ! beautiful arti/ic arrangem5t ( ! f9e dots :i* produce ! %ad+--! smoo?1 ev51 s(t r\nd+ ( ! features1 ! *eeks1 nose1 lips1 *91 & limbs2 ?is fails inv>iably 9 c\nt]feits--! features1 & g5]ally ! limbs also1 appe>+ flat1 scrat*y1 inexpressive1 & inanimate4 ,! human hair 9 ! g5u9e w look s(t1 silky1 & natural2 display+ a lu/re 9 portions :]e ! light appe>s to /rike x4 ,9 c\nt]feits ! hair g5]ally appe>s /iff1 co>se1 wiry1 lifeless1 & unnatural4 ,! drap]y 9 ! g5u9e beautifully repres5ts ! folds & texture ( diff]5t k9ds ( clo?2 sometimes ! d>k1 heavy & glossy appe>ance ( broadclo? is produc$2 sometimes ! light1 fl[+ appe>ance ( silk or musl9--! folds always look easy & fl[+--no /iffness4 ,9 c\nt]feits ! drap]y g5]ally appe>s scrat*y & /iff1 sometimes hav+ ! solid appe>ance ( ca/ iron1 & sometimes l co>se wire-clo?1 inexplicably twi/$ up 9 a sn>l 9 try+ to imitate ! easy & natural folds ( ! g5u9e4 ,! limbs1 h&s1 or feet are always well done 9 ! g5u9e1 b g5]ally fail 9 c\nt]feits4 ,x is a v difficult matt] to execute well1 & x requires a fir/-rate arti/ to produce an elegant-%ap$ h& or foot & 9 an easy position4 ,to engrave human figures correctly x is fir/ necess>y = ! arti/ to acquire a ?or\gh k ( ,anatomy4 ,smoke 9 ! g5u9e is always well done--g5]ally 9 f9e curv$ l9es1 & sometimes 9 /raight p>allels1 fad+ (f gradually at ! edges4 ,9 c\nt]feits ! smoke gradually appe>s co>se & scrat*y4 ,also notice :e!r ! 8p]spective0 is manag$ rightly3 ! lights & %ades1 & ! =ms ( animals1 horses1 c[s1 c4 c4 :e!r tru?fully portray$4 ,vignettes are transf]r$ to ! plates f d\ble transf]r$ cyl9d] dies4 8,*amb]s's ,in=mation = ! ,p0 says3-- 8,engrav+1 9 all its v>i\s bran*es1 is a species ( labor :i* probably requires great] remun]ation ?an any o!r dep>tm5t ( art--= n only mu/ !re be a great degree ( pati5ce & p]sev]ance beyond :at is requir$ 9 mo/ o!r employm5ts1 especially 9 und]tak+ ! engrav+ ( a g5u9e bank-note plate1 :i* mu/ be p]fect 9 all its p>ts1 %[+ ! lights & %ades true to life--"o "p correspond+ ) ano!r z ?\gh nature h]self _h =m$ ! impression4 ,su* ( c\rse is ! int5tion ( ! arti/1 :o mu/ be a f9i%$ workman be=e he c receive employm5t 9 ?is capacity2 ! p]fection ( ! execution be+ ( c\rse ! only great difficulty to ov]come4 ,?is w be se5 f ! fact t 9 all cases f t5 to fifte5 arti/s are employ$ ^u "o bank note plate1 & z ?is employm5t necess>ily calls into its s]vice ! v be/ tal5t t c be secur$1 x foll[s z a matt] ( fact t we are p]fectly safe 9 look+ to ! p]fection ( a note = ! g5u95ess ( ! bill4 ,ea* arti/ has a sep>ate "p to execute2 & z ! :ole plate is made ( diff]5t p>ts1 call$ 8dies0 or 8cuts10 x is !re=e evid5t t no b& ( c\nt]feit]s c accompli% _! designs--x be+ impossible40 ,see ! ,vignette m>k$ 8#d0 9 ! /eel plate2 also ! portrait ( ,wa%+ton4 ,,rule ,v4 ,,lett]+1 ,,& ,,engrav]s' ,,names4 ,rule ,v4 relates to ! p]fection ( lett]+4 ,9 ! g5u9e ! lett]+ is done by a fir/-class arti/1 ^: p>ticul> bran* x is to devote exclusively to t "p ( ! "w alone1 & ( c\rse he arrives at a degree ( p]fection t c\ld n be approa*$ )\t su* a sub-division ( labor4 ,9 ! g5u9e ! lett]s are all exactly ( ! same size1 :]e !y pret5d to be1 & on ! same angle & same size /roke1 :]e !y pret5d to be4 ,!re are two great po9ts to obs]ve z reg>ds lett]+1 viz4 neatness 9 =m1 & uni=mity--! mo/ important is ,,uni=mity4 ,! want ( uni=mity 9 size1 slant1 di/ances ap>t1 ?ickness ( /roke1 & any deviation f ! l9e ( ! lett]s ( a title1 or ! "n ( a bank = in/ance1 w %[ c\nt]feit "w4 ,see ! lett]+ 9 ! ^w ,,c\nt]feit 9 ! /eel-plate illu/ration comp>$ ) ! lett]+ ( ! 8,,univ]sal ,,detector10 8,,unit$ ,,/ates10 c4 ,! engrav$ writ+ 9 ! g5u9e1 8,promise to pay on dem&10 c4 is always beautifully done1 ! d[n /rokes uni=m 9 size & slant1 & ! hair /rokes extremely f9e1 ! curves easy & fl[+1 :ile 9 c\nt]feits ! d[n /rokes are apt to po9t 9 diff]5t angles1 & ! hair /rokes co>se1 & ! curves /iff & defective4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ important "p ( ! #e? ,rule1 z x fails inv>iably1 )\t exception1 9 all c\nt]feits1 is ! engrav]s' names or 8impr9t10 :i* 9 ! g5u9e is a die cut 9 ! mo/ p]fect mann]1 ! lett]s v neat & p]fect & p]fectly uni=m 9 e respect4 ,9 c\nt]feits x is n a die1 b lett]s cut 9 by h&1 & nev] s p]fect z ! g5u9e1 b clumsy1 n uni=m di/ances ap>t1 nor 9 size & slant1 & n all 9 a /raight l9e1 c4 ,,rule ,,vi4 ,,signatures ,,& ,,fill+ ,,up4 ,! #f? ,rule relates to ! signatures1 & fill+ up ! ,no41 date1 to :om payable1 ca%i]1 & presid5t4 ,to notice :e!r ! :ole fill+ up appe>s 9 two or ?ree diff]5t h&s1 z x ought to be4 ,9 ! g5u9e ! ,no4 & date is g5]ally writt5 by a bank cl]k1 :o writes a v neat1 rapid bus9ess h&--b ( c\rse !re may be exceptions to ?is ,rule--b 9 c\nt]feits ! ,no4 & date is almo/ inv>iably clumsy & unbus9ess-l4 ,:]e ! (fic]s' signatures are imitat$ !re w be a sl[1 /udi$1 & /iff appe>ance1 n easy1 natural & orig9al-look+4 ,"s m5 acquire an almo/ intuitive k ( orig9al h&writ+ at sight1 & ! writ] has se5 _m excell5t judges ( ,bank ,notes :o h ackn[l$g$ t !y 7 guid$ almo/ entirely by ! signatures1 ev5 ( /range banks4 ,auto-*irography may be /udi$ z a sci5ce1 b x c only be acquir$ by long exp]i5ce1 & x is n infallible3 ! be/ judges ( writ+ might possibly be deceiv$ sometimes4 ,9 "s c\nt]feits ! signatures are li?ograph$ fac-similes1 sometimes trac$ ov] ) a p54 ,9 writ+ ) a p5 ! ink ?or\ghly saturates ! pap]1 b leaves a smoo? edge to ! /roke1 & has some:at ( a glossy appe>ance1 :ile ! pr9t$ fac-similes always h a /amp$ appe>ance1 ! /roke ( a dead color & r\gh edge1 n saturat$ or lively1 l writ+ ink4 ,if trac$ ov] ) a p5 !re w be places1 especially 9 ! hair /rokes1 :]e ! p5 does n foll[ ! curves 9 ! /roke correctly4 ,9 cases :]e fraudul5t impressions are obta9$ f ! g5u9e plate1 or :]e ! plate itself is /ol51 ! #f? ,rule is all t w detect2 b :5 su* a case happ5s !re are always measures tak5 by ! bank to meet x--a new plate is ord]$1 & ! old emission call$ 94 ,,rule ,,vii4 ,,pap] ,,& ,,g5]al ,,appe>ance4 ,rule ,,vii4 relates to ! pap]1 pr9t+1 & ! g5]al appe>ance ( a note4 ,g5u9e bank-note pap] is made ( l95 or silk1 or a mixture ( bo?1 ( a firm texture1 & ( a sup]ior quality1 7see ! pap] on :i* ! /eel-plate illu/ration is pr9t$47 ,?is pap] is manufactur$ expressly = ! banks & engrav+ companies alone1 & c\nt]feit]s c seldom get hold ( pap] ( ?is k9d1 b are g5]ally compell$ to use slazy or half cotton pap]4 ,a c\nt]feit note is seldom pr9t$ z well z ! g5u9e1 b (t5 blurr$1 & poor ink4 ,z to ! 8g5]al appe>ance10 ?is is produc$ by a comb9ation ( all ! ,rules4 ,if all ! ,rules are good1 & ! note well pr9t$1 ! 8g5]al appe>ance0 ( c\rse w be p]fect2 b if !re is any "o or m ( ! ,rules bad1 ! h>mony ( ! 8g5]al appe>ance0 w be int]rupt$4 ,b if a g5u9e note is old1 worn1 & has be5 wet1 ! g5]al appe>ance may be bad1 b ! o!r rules w all be good1 & prove ! note to be g5u9e4 ,,ana/atic ,,transf]s1 ,,or ,,li?ography4 ,!re 0 an emission1 five or t5 ye>s ago1 ( "s c\nt]feits on ! ,national ,bank1 ,provid5ce1 #bs & #es4 ,!y 7 n regul>ly-engrav$ plates2 & z ! exact process by :i* !y 7 got up is unkn[n1 !y are suppos$ to be ana/atic transf]s1 or li?ographs4 ,!y h a v smoky1 br[n1 blurr$1 & indi/9ct appe>ance1 some?+ simil>1 b inf]ior to1 mezzot9to engrav+4 ,x is suppos$ t ! process1 :atev] x 01 did n succe$ well en\gh1 z !re nev] h any appe>$ l !m s9ce4 ,! %ad+ ( ! lett]s appe>$ to be a solid br[n color+--no l9es p]ceptible sc>cely1 & ?is 0 ! "* ( ! engrav+ ( ! :ole note4 ,! new c\nt]feit t5s on ! ,/ate ,bank ( ,ohio are exce$+ly well done1 ?\gh easily detect$ by ! ,rules4 ,"o k9d--t ) an ,x 9 ! c5t] ( ! vignette--appe>s to be a li?ograph1 a transf] f ! g5u9e bill2 b ! impression produc$ appe>s to h be5 fa9t & dim 9 _m places1 & re-t\*$ ) a grav]2--?us easily detect$ on exam9ation1 al?\gh v dang]\s c\nt]feits4 ,,alt]ations ,,f ,,brok5 ,,banks4 ,,! 8,,magic ,,?ree40 ,! fir/ sev5 ,rules g to %[ :e!r a bill is f a g5u9e plate or n4 ,we n[ proce$ to discuss ,alt]$ ,bills4 ,9 alt]$ bills1 :]e a g5u9e bill ( a brok5 bank is alt]$ by ! c\nt]feit] to "s s\nd bank1 !re are ?ree places 9 :i* ! alt]ation mu/ be made1 viz3 ,fir/1 ! ,/ate2 ,second1 ,title1 or "n ( ! bank2 & ,?ird1 ! ,t[n4 ,!y are g5]ally extract$1 or ! lett]s dissolv$ by "s *emical process1 & ! "n ( ano!r bank1 /ate1 & t[n1 sub/itut$ 9 _! place4 ,! ,rul+ ,eng9e %ad+ on ! g5u9e w be imitat$ by h& 9 ! sub/itut$ 8title0 & 8t[n10 & ?is w detect x z well z ! clums9ess ( ! lett]s g5]ally1 & also ! :ite /reak or blea*+ ( ! pap] ar\nd & betwe5 ! sub/itut$ lett]s4 ,sometimes ! 8bank0 may be 9 ! same ,/ate1 & !re w be only two places to alt] besides ! signatures2 & sometimes ! brok5 bank bills ( ! same "n or title are select$1 7= in/ance ! ,comm]cial ,bank1 ,mill+ton1 ,md47 & !re w also be two places to alt] besides ! signatures1 viz3 ! 8,/ate0 & 8,t[n40 ,9 dissolv+ ! signatures ( ! brok5 bank by "s acid & sub/itut+ imitations ( ! prop] signatures1 !y g5]ally look fad$1 :i* is caus$ by a little acid /ill rema9+ 9 ! pap]--& also ! :ole fill+ up1 signatures & all1 are 9 "o h&writ+4 ,by notic+ ^! ?ree po9ts1 ! 8,/ate10 8,title10 & 8,t[n10 7! ,magic ,?ree17 & ! signatures1 ! detection ( any alt]ation f a brok5 bank w be a v simple & easy matt]4 ,= in/ance1 "o ( ! be/ alt]ations1 & "o t has deceiv$ ?\s&s ( good judges :5 x 0 fir/ issu$ 9 #ahdi1 7 #as1 ,madison ,c\nty ,bank1 ,caz5ovia1 ,n4 ,y4 vignette ?ree females4 ,! 8,new ,york ,safety ,fund0 & 8,caz5ovia0 7 r clumsily lett]$ & ! ,,madis- 0 %ad$ by h&1 :ile -,,on ,,c\nty ,,bank 0 %ad$ p]fectly by ! ,rul+ ,eng9e4 ,?is %[s ( c\rse an alt]ation f "s o!r "n t end$ 9 -,,on2 mo/ probably ,,cl9ton4 ,!re 0 no blea*+ or scrat*+ ( ! pap] ar\nd ! sub/itut$ lett]s1 & ! signatures 7 n fad$1 ?is %[s t x 0 n an alt]$ bill b an alt]$ plate1 probably a 8wild cat0 bank plate1 t 0 sold at auction1 9 ,new ,york1 9 #ahda4 ,,alt]$ ,,d5om9ations4 ,?is is alt]+ f a small] to a l>g] d5om9ation--z #as alt]$ to #es1 c4 c4 ,?is is done 9 v>i\s ways4 ,"o way x is done by pa/+2 b x is m g5]ally done by extract+ ! ink ( ! figure & ! die conta9+ x by "s *emical fluid1 & pr9t+ 9 its place a c\nt]feit die1 or sometimes a /ol5 g5u9e die conta9+ a l>g] d5om9ation4 ,! words1 8,,"o ,,doll>10 :i* g5]ally is %ad$ by ! ,rul+ ,eng9e1 are extract$1 & 8,,five ,,doll>s0 sub/itut$ 9 its place & %ad$ by h&4 ,a diff]5ce also 9 ! color ( ! ink ( ! sub/itut$ d5om9ations f ! re/ ( ! note w g5]ally be se54 ,sometimes ! lett]s ( ! sub/itut$ d5om9ation are common pr9t]'s type1 ! 8old ,engli% lett]10 ,tw5ty ,doll>s4 ,,old-,,/yle ,,plates4 ,c\nt]feits ^u ! old-fa%ion$ plates1 8,p]k9's /]eotype plate0 & o!rs1 all t conta9 any transf]r$ dies1 ! patt]n :ite ^u a black gr\nd1 c be detect$ by ! imitation ( transf]r+4 ,diagrams ,e1 ,f1 on page #af1 also diagrams1 ,l1 ,m1 w illu/rate ?is pr9ciple4 ,9 ! g5u9e x is ma*9e wav$-rul+ transf]r$ f dies1 :ile 9 ! c\nt]feit ?is is imitat$ by engrav+ ! black spaces imm$iately ^u ! plate itself1 & attempt+ to make x fit s z to h ! appe>ance ( be+ transf]r$4 ,l repres5ts ! g5u9e1 7?\gh imp]fect17 ,m repres5ts ! c\nt]feit4 ,!re are f\r out ( ! sev5 ,rules t w apply to ! old fa%ion$ 8,p]k9's /]eotype0 & mo/ o!r old-/yle plates1 viz3 ! #a/ ,rule1 or ,transf]r+2 ! #e? ,rule1 ! ,lett]+1 especially ! mass ( small lett]+1 8,"o ,doll>10 8,"o ,doll>10 9 ! body ( ! note2 #f? ,rule1 ! ,signatures & fill+ up2 #g? ,rule1 ,pap] & g5]al appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,l ,m ,,! ,,piec+ ,,op]ation4 ,?is process ( increas+ ! numb] ( bills f a giv5 quantity by piec+--z mak+ t5 bills out ( n9e--appe>s to be done--z se5 9 a specim5 lately--by cutt+ (f p]p5dicul>ly a piece1 "o n9? ( a bill1 & pa/+ 9 its place a piece ( a c\nt]feit on ! same bank & d5om9ation to mat*4 ,! same process w be !n c>ri$ on ) ! n9e bills1 only t 9 ea* bill ! piece w\ld be cut out 9 a diff]5t place4 ,:5 ! n9e bills are ?us all piec$ !re w\ld be j en\gh surplus pieces left ( ! g5u9e to pa/e toge!r ) "o piece ( ! c\nt]feit to make a complete bill l ! re/1 & ?is w\ld be ! pr(it on ! op]ation4 ,! c\nt]feit "p ( ! bills appe>$ to be int5tionally defac$1 s z to be ne>ly illegible1 9 ord] to escape detection4 ,! banks w only r$eem su* bills at _! e/imat$ proportionate value4 ,,summ+ ,,up4 ,,practical ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,rules4 ,no matt] h[ mu* a bill may be worn & defac$1 if ! "n ( ! bank & ! d5om9ation c be se51 ! application ( ^! rules w enable a p]son to decide at sight :e!r a bill is g5u9e or n4 ,! #a/ ,rule1 ! ,geometric ,la!-"w be+ infallible1 any imitation c be detect$ at a glance1 :5 ( c\rse ! bill mu/ be a c\nt]feit )\t look+ any fur!r4 ,b a great _m c\nt]feits conta9 /ol5 g5u9e dies1 :5 ( c\rse ! #a/ ,rule w fail to detect2 b !re is always en\gh else to detect a bad bill4 ,! #b;d ,rule1 ! ,rul+ ,eng9e "w--any imitation ( ?is c be detect$ at a glance4 ,?is rule detects (t5] ?an almo/ any o!r rule1 & !re=e x is "o ( ! mo/ useful ( all ! rules4 ,9 "s old-fa%ion$ g5u9e plates1 especially 9 "s ( ! old ,new ,engl& plates1 !re may occur an exception to ?is rule1 ! %ad+ ( ! lett]s be+ done by h&4 ,n[ & !n1 b v r>ely1 a c\nt]feit is se5 conta9+ g5u9e ,rul+ ,eng9e "w2 b 9 su* a case !re are pl5ty ( ! o!r rules to fail4 ,c\nt]feit]s may get "s g5u9e "w1 b !y _c get a p]fect comb9ation ( all ! "w g5u9e4 ,!re is always some?+ lack+4 ,x is aga9/ _! int]e/ to inve/ s mu* capital z w\ld enable !m to get ev]y?+ p]fect4 ,besides1 !y c nev] get ! s]vices ( a suffici5t numb] ( fir/-class arti/s1 & all ! necess>y ma*9]y4 #c;d ,rule1 ! ,m$allions--see if ! heads or o!r ornam5tal patt]ns ( ?is "w look rais$1 di/9ct1 cle> & smoo?1 & ! l9es all full l5g?1 & ! mo/ skillful imitations by h& c be detect$ at a glance4 #d? ,rule1 ! ,vignettes--:e!r !y come up to ! usual /&>d ( p]fection1 especially ! human eye & face4 ,sometimes ! vignette 9 a c\nt]feit is a /ol5 g5u9e die1 g5]ally mu* worn4 ,a lot ( old worn out dies 7 sold at auction 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahda to ! highe/ bidd]1 & "s got into c\nt]feit]s' h&s4 #e? ,rule1 ! ,lett]+ & ,engrav]s' ,names4 ,x is an exce$+ly r>e ?+ inde$ to f9d any?+ ne> fir/-class lett]+ 9 a c\nt]feit2 b ! ,engrav]s' names always fail--! writ] has nev] se5 a s+le exception4 #f? ,rule1 ! ,signatures & ,fill+ ,up4 ,c\nt]feits are s (t5 palpably fill$ up all 9 "o h&writ+ z to make ?is an important rule2 also look out = li?ograph$ #8fac-similes4' #g? ,rule1 ,pap] & ,g5]al ,appe>ance4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$ t x is always be/ 9 judg+ a d\btful bill to apply ! rules 9 _! prop] ord]1 "o aft] ! o!r1 comm5c+ ) ! #a/1 o!rwise a p]son might =get "o or two rules1 & neglect to apply ! v rule t w\ld mo/ palpably condemn ! bill4 ,! writ] has nev] se5 a c\nt]feit :]e less ?an two ( ! rules w\ld condemn x at sight1 & ! re/ g5u9e "w4 ,b ! majority ( c\nt]feits are condemn$ by ?ree1 f\r1 five1 six1 & v (t5 ! :ole sev5 rules4 ,,! ,,/eel-,,plate ,,illu/ration4 ,! /eel plate1 next to ! title-page1 conta9s a /&>d specim5 ( all ! diff]5t /yles ( g5u9e engrav+ on all bank notes ( all banks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b ^? p>ticul> patt]ns or dies d n belong to any regul> ,bank-note ,engrav+ ,co4 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,!y1 ) o!rs1 7 sold at auction "s ye>s s9ce1 & duplicate dies h be5 made f !m & scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry1 ,new ,york1 ,bo/on & ,philadelphia1 & "s ( !m h got into c\nt]feit]s' h&s1 :o use !m 9 _! spuri\s issues4 ,!re=e no patt]n l any "o ( ^! w ev] be se5 9 a g5u9e note2 b "o or m ( ! duplicates ( !m w (t5 be se5 9 a c\nt]feit4 ,! plate !re=e s]ves two purposes--#a/1 illu/rat+ g5u9e & p]fect "w2 #b;d1 to gu>d aga9/ g5u9e auction dies us$ 9 c\nt]feits4 ,ano!r auction vignette die1 (t5 se5 9 c\nt]feits1 b nev] 9 a g5u9e bill1 is a woman sitt+ by a %eaf ( :eat1 canal lock on ! "r & locomotive & bridge on ! left4