,illustration3 ,,the ,,madonna ,,of ,,the ,,chair ,painting by ,raphael ,,eight ,,book ,,series ,,standard ,,catholic ,,readers ,,by ,,grades ,,fifth ,,year ,,by ,,mary ,e4 ,,doyle ,,formerly ,,principal ,,of ,,holy ,,names ,,normal ,,school1 ,,seattle1 ,,washington1 ,,and ,,supervisor ,,of ,,teaching1 ,,state ,,normal ,,school1 ,,superior1 ,,wisconsin ,illustration ,,new ,,york ,,cincinnati ,,chicago ,,american ,,book ,,company ,,copyright1 #aiji1 #aiac1 ,,by ,,mary ,e4 ,,doyle4 ,,stand4 ,,cath4 ,,readers ,,by ,,grades4 #e,,th ,,year4 ,e4 ,p4 #f ,,preface ,the selections in this reader for the ,fifth ,year were chosen with reference both to their intrinsic literary quality and to the varying capabilities of the pupils who will read them4 ,it is confidently hoped that they will reach some interest of each child1 and1 at the same time1 help to form a correct literary standard and encourage a taste for the best reading4 ,in the preparation of this series of readers1 valuable counsel and assistance have been given me by many friendly educators and those in authority4 ,i am especially grateful to the ,rt4 ,rev4 ,john ,lancaster ,spalding of ,peoria for helpful advice and encouragement in the planning and inception of the work2 also1 to the ,rt4 ,rev4 ,james ,mc,golrick of ,duluth1 ,minnesota1 to the ,rt4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,f4 ,schinner of ,superior1 ,wisconsin1 and to other prelates and clergy who have graciously given me assistance in various ways4 ,many thanks1 too1 for kindly suggestions and criticisms are hereby proffered to numerous friends among those patient and inspiring educators--the ,sisters4 ,,mary ,e4 ,,doyle4 ,,acknowledgments ,the selections from ,whittier1 ,longfellow4 ,lowell1 ,miriam ,coles ,harris1 and ,john ,burroughs are used by special permission of1 and arrangement with1 ,houghton ,mifflin ,company1 the publishers of the works of these authors4 ,the selections from ,helen ,hunt ,jackson are used by special arrangement with ,little1 ,brown1 ,company4 ,acknowledgments for the use of copyright material are also made3 to ,small1 ,maynard ,company for the poems by ,father ,tabb2 to the editor and publisher of ,the ,ave ,maria for 8,lucy's ,rosary10 by ,j4 ,r4 ,marre1 and other poems from that magazine2 to ,mary ,f4 ,nixon-,roulet for the selections of which she is the author2 to ,longmans1 ,green1 ,company1 for 8,the ,reindeer10 by ,andrew ,lang2 to ,henry ,coyle for the poems of which he is the author2 and to the ,congregation of the ,mission of ,st ,vincent de ,paul1 ,springfield1 ,mass41 for the extract from ,mother ,mary ,loyola's 8,jesus of ,nazareth10 of which book they are the publishers4 ,,contents ,,page ,little ,wolff and his ,wooden ,shoe ,franois ,coppe #g ,the ,eagle and the ,swan ,j4 ,j4 ,audubon #ad ,lucy's ,rosary ,j4 ,r4 ,marre #af ,the ,taxgatherer ,rev4 ,john ,b4 ,tabb #ag ,the ,wisdom of ,alexander ,horace ,binney ,wallace #ah ,thanksgiving ,henry ,coyle #bc ,the ,enchanted ,bark ,cervantes #bd ,a ,legend of ,st4 ,nicholas ,author ,unknown #cj ,raphael of ,urbino #cf ,lead1 ,kindly ,light ,cardinal ,newman #dc ,parable of the ,good ,samaritan ,the ,bible #dd ,connor ,mac-,nessa--,an ,irish ,legend ,m4 ,f4 ,nixon-,roulet #df ,the ,martyrdom of ,blessed ,john ,fisher ,rev4 ,t4 ,e4 ,bridgett #ej ,the ,nightingale and the ,glowworm ,william ,cowper #ef ,if thou couldst be a ,bird ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,faber #eh ,the ,first ,crusade #fj ,how the ,robin ,came ,john ,g4 ,whittier #ge ,how ,st4 ,francis preached to the ,birds ,from 8,little ,flowers of ,st4 ,francis0 #gh ,the ,petrified ,fern ,mary ,l4 ,bolles ,branch #hb ,bird ,enemies ,john ,burroughs #hd ,st4 ,joseph's ,month ,h4 ,w4 #ie ,a ,song of ,spring ,aubrey de ,vere #if ,robert ,bruce ,sir ,walter ,scott #ig 8,when ,evening ,shades are ,falling0 ,thomas ,moore #ajf ,the ,reindeer ,a4 ,lang #ajg ,a ,story of ,ancient ,ireland ,lady ,gregory #aad ,san ,gabriel ,helen ,hunt ,jackson #aah ,imitation of ,mary ,st4 ,ambrose #abj ,scene from 8,william ,tell0 ,sheridan ,knowles #aba ,the ,schoolmaster of ,sleepy ,hollow ,washington ,irving #acb ,the ,bluebird ,rev4 ,john ,b4 ,tabb #aea ,the ,brook ,alfred ,tennyson #aeb ,the ,story of a ,happy ,child #aed ,may ,carol ,sister ,mary ,antonia #aeh ,the ,precious ,blood of ,jesus ,henry ,coyle #afj ,the ,spanish ,cook ,miriam ,coles ,harris #afa ,the ,planting of the ,apple ,tree ,william ,cullen ,bryant #aff ,the ,conversion of ,king ,ratbodo ,conrad von ,bolanden #agj ,the ,blessed ,virgin ,mary ,h4 ,w4 ,longfellow #agd ,come to ,jesus ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,faber #age ,father ,marquette ,john ,g4 ,shea #agh ,the ,shepherd of ,king ,admetus ,j4 ,r4 ,lowell #ahf ,the ,sermon on the ,mount ,mother ,mary ,loyola #ahh ,the ,star-spangled ,banner ,francis ,scott ,key #aif ,how ,america was ,discovered #aih ,the ,power of ,god ,thomas ,moore #bac ,our ,country and our ,home ,james ,montgomery #bad ,notes #bae ,,fifth ,,year ,,little ,,wolff ,,and ,,his ,,wooden ,,shoe ,i ,once upon a time1 so long ago that everybody has forgotten the date1 there was a little boy whose name was ,wolff4 ,he lived with his aunt in a tall old house in a city whose name is so hard to pronounce that nobody can speak it4 ,he was seven years old1 and he could not remember that he had ever seen his father or his mother4 ,the old aunt who had the care of little ,wolff was very selfish and cross4 ,she gave him dry bread to eat1 of which there was never enough2 and not more than once in the year did she speak kindly to him4 ,but the poor boy loved this woman1 because he had no one else to love2 and there was never a day so dark that he did not think of the sunlight4 ,everybody knew that ,wolff's aunt owned a house and had a stocking full of gold under her bed1 and so she did not dare to send the little boy to the school for the poor as she would have liked to do4 ,but a schoolmaster on the next street agreed to teach him for almost nothing2 and whenever there was work he could do1 he was kept at home4 ,the schoolmaster had an unkind feeling for ,wolff because he brought him so little money and was dressed so poorly4 ,and so the boy was punished very often1 and had to bear the blame for all the wrong that was done in the school4 ,the little fellow was often very sad2 and more than once he hid himself where he could not be seen and cried as though his heart would break4 ,but at last ,christmas came4 ,the night before ,christmas there was to be singing in the church1 and the schoolmaster was to be there with all his boys2 and everybody was to have a very happy time looking at the ,christmas candles and listening to the sweet music4 ,the winter had set in very cold and rough1 and there was much snow on the ground2 and so the boys came to the schoolhouse with fur caps drawn down over their ears1 and heavy coats1 and warm gloves1 and thick high-topped boots4 ,but little ,wolff had no warm clothes4 ,he came shivering in the thin coat which he wore on ,sundays in summer2 and there was nothing on his feet but coarse stockings very full of holes1 and a pair of heavy wooden shoes4 ,the other boys made many jokes about his sad looks and his worn-out clothes4 ,but the poor child was so busy blowing his fingers and thumping his toes to keep them warm that he did not hear what was said4 ,and when the hour came1 the whole company of boys1 with the schoolmaster at the front1 started to the church4 ,,ii ,it was very fine in the church4 ,hundreds of wax candles were burning in their places1 and the air was so warm that ,wolff soon forgot his aching fingers4 ,the boys sat still for a little while2 and then while the singing was going on and the organ was making loud music1 they began in low voices to talk to one another2 and each told about the fine things that were going to be done at his home on the morrow4 ,the mayor's son told of a monstrous goose that he had seen in the kitchen before he came away2 it was stuffed1 and stuck all over with cloves till it was as spotted as a leopard4 ,another boy whispered of a little fir tree in a wooden box in his mother's parlor2 its branches were full of fruits and nuts and candy and beautiful toys4 ,and he said that he was sure of a fine dinner1 for the cook had pinned the two strings of her cap behind her back1 us she always did when something wonderfully good was coming4 ,then the children talked of what the ,christ ,child would bring them1 and of what ,he would put in their shoes1 which1 of course1 they would leave by the fireplace when they went to bed4 ,and the eyes of the little fellows danced with joy as they thought of the bags of candy and the lead soldiers and the grand jumping jacks which they would draw out in the morning4 ,but little ,wolff said nothing4 ,he knew that his selfish old aunt would send him to bed without any supper1 as she always did4 ,but he felt in his heart that he had been all the year as good and kind as he could be2 and so he hoped that the blessed ,christ ,child would not forget him nor fail to see his wooden shoes which he would put in the ashes in the corner of the fireplace4 ,,iii ,at last the singing stopped1 the organ was silent1 and the ,christmas music was ended4 ,the boys arose in order and left the church1 two by two1 as they had entered it2 and the teacher walked in front4 ,now1 as he passed through the door of the church1 little ,wolff saw a child sitting on one of the stone steps and fast asleep in the midst of the snow4 ,the child was thinly clad1 and his feet1 cold as it was1 were bare4 ,in the pale light of the moon1 the face of the child1 with its closed eyes1 was full of a sweetness which is not of this earth1 and his long locks of yellow hair seemed like a golden crown upon his head4 ,but his poor bare feet1 blue in the cold of that winter night1 were sad to look upon4 ,the scholars1 so warmly clad1 passed before the strange child1 and did not so much as glance that way4 ,but little ,wolff1 who was the last to come out of the church1 stopped1 full of pity1 before him4 8,ah1 the poor child60 he said to himself4 8,how sad it is that he must go barefoot in such weather as this6 ,and what is still worse1 he has not a stocking nor even a wooden shoe to lay before him while he sleeps1 so that the ,christ ,child can put something in it to make him glad when he wakens40 ,little ,wolff did not stand long to think about it2 but in the goodness of his heart he took off the wooden shoe from his right foot and laid it by the side of the sleeping child4 ,then1 limping along through the snow1 and shivering with cold1 he went down the street till he came to his cheerless home4 8,you worthless fellow60 cried his aunt4 8,where have you been8 ,what have you done with your other shoe80 ,little ,wolff trembled now with fear as well as with the cold2 but he had no thought of deceiving his angry aunt4 ,he told her how he had given the shoe to a child that was poorer than himself4 ,the woman laughed an ugly1 wicked laugh4 8,and so10 she said1 8our fine young gentleman takes off his shoes for beggars6 ,he gives his wooden shoe to a barefoot6 ,well1 we shall see4 ,you may put the shoe that is left in the chimney1 and1 mind what ,i say6 ,if anything is left in it1 it will be a switch to whip you with in the morning4 ,to-morrow1 for your ,christmas dinner1 you shall have nothing but a hard crust of bread to eat and cold water to drink4 ,i will show you how to give away your shoes to the first beggar that comes along60 ,the wicked woman struck the boy upon the cheek with her hand1 and then made him climb up to his bed in the loft4 ,sobbing with grief and pain1 little ,wolff lay on his hard1 cold bed1 and did not go to sleep till the moon had gone down and the ,christmas bells had rung in the glad day of peace and good will4 ,in the morning when the old woman arose grumbling and went downstairs1 a wonderful sight met her eyes4 ,the great chimney was full of beautiful toys and bags of candy and all kinds of pretty things2 and right in the midst of these was the wooden shoe which ,wolff had given to the child1 and near it was its mate in which the wicked aunt had meant to put a strong switch4 ,the woman was so amazed that she cried out and stood still as if in a fright4 ,little ,wolff heard the cry and ran downstairs as quickly as he could to see what was the matter4 ,he1 too1 stopped short when he saw all the beautiful things that were in the chimney4 ,but as he stood and looked1 he heard people laughing in the street4 ,what did it all mean8 ,by the side of the town pump many of the neighbors were standing4 ,each was telling what had happened at his home that morning4 ,the boys who had rich parents and had been looking for beautiful gifts had found only long switches in their shoes4 ,but1 in the meanwhile1 ,wolff and his aunt stood still and looked at the wonderful gifts around the two wooden shoes4 ,who had placed them there8 ,and where now was the kind1 good giver8 ,then1 as they still wondered1 they heard the voice of some one reading in the little chapel over the way3 8,inasmuch as ye have done it unto the least of these--0 ,and then1 in some strange way1 they understood how it had all come about2 and even the heart of the wicked aunt was softened4 ,and their eyes were filled with tears and their faces with smiles1 as they knelt down together and thanked the good ,god for what ,he had done to reward the kindness and love of a little child4 --,adapted from the ,french of ,franois ,coppe4 ,,the ,,eagle ,,and ,,the ,,swan ,imagine yourself1 on a day early in ,november1 floating slowly down the ,mississippi ,river4 ,the near approach of winter brings millions of waterfowl on whistling wings from the countries of the ,north to seek a milder climate in which to sojourn for a season4 ,the eagle is seen perched on the highest branch of the tallest tree by the margin of the broad stream4 ,his glistening but pitiless eye looks over water and land and sees objects afar off4 ,he listens to every sound that comes to his quick ear1 glancing now and then to the earth beneath1 lest the light tread of the rabbit may pass unheard4 ,his mate is perched on the other side of the river1 and now and then warns him by a cry to continue patient4 ,at this well-known call he partly opens his broad wings and answers to her voice in tones not unlike the laugh of a madman4 ,ducks and many smaller waterfowl are seen passing rapidly towards the ,south2 but the eagle heeds them not--they are for the time beneath his attention4 ,the next moment1 however1 the wild1 trumpet-like sound of a distant swan is heard4 ,the eagle suddenly shakes his body1 raises his wings1 and makes ready for flight4 ,a shriek from his mate comes across the stream1 for she is fully as watchful as he4 ,the snow-white bird is now in sight2 her long neck is stretched forward2 her eyes are as watchful as those of her enemy2 her large wings seem with difficulty to support the weight of her body4 ,nearer and nearer she comes4 ,the eagle has marked her for his prey4 ,as the swan is about to pass the dreaded pair1 the eagle starts from his perch with an awful scream4 ,he glides through the air like a falling star1 and1 like a flash of lightning1 comes upon the timid bird1 which now1 in agony and despair1 seeks to escape the grasp of his cruel talons4 ,she would plunge into the stream1 did not the eagle force her to remain in the air by striking at her from beneath4 ,the hope of escape is soon given up by the swan4 ,she has already become much weakened4 ,she is about to gasp her last breath1 when the eagle strikes with his talons the under side of her wing and forces the dying bird to fall in a slanting direction upon the nearest shore4 ,the eagle's mate has watched every movement that he has made1 and if she did not assist him in capturing the swan1 it was because she felt sure that his power and courage were quite enough for the deed4 ,she now sails to the spot where he is waiting for her1 and both together turn the breast of the luckless swan upward and gorge themselves with gore4 --,j4 ,j4 ,,audubon4 ,,lucy',s ,,rosary ,i love to see her well-worn beads ,slip through her tender hand2 ,they fall like rich enchanted seeds ,cast in a fruitful land4 ,from each small bead full silently ,a floweret fair doth grow-- ,a winsome thing with soft bright eye1 ,yet strong in grace1 ,i know4 ,wild winds may rave and storms may shout1 ,her blossoms will not fall2 ,the angels gird them round about ,with hedgerows thick and tall4 ,the ,blessed ,mary smiles on them1 ,just as1 in days of yore1 ,she smiled when in old ,bethlehem ,her little ,babe she bore4 ,and saints adown the golden stair ,with noiseless steps oft creep1 ,to tend these shining flowers of prayer1 ,when ,lucy is asleep4 ,when autumn dies1 these radiant flowers ,shall safe transplanted be1 ,to bloom in ,eden's greenest bowers ,for all eternity4 ,before the ,godhead they shall raise ,their perfumes pure and sweet1 ,and bloom in silent hymns of praise ,at ,lady ,mary's feet4 --,j4 ,r4 ,,marre4 ,from ,the ,ave ,maria4 ,,the ,,taxgatherer 8,and pray1 who are you80 ,said the violet blue ,to the ,bee1 with surprise ,at his wonderful size1 ,in her eyeglass of dew4 8,i1 madam10 quoth he1 8,am a publican ,bee1 ,collecting the tax ,of honey and wax4 ,have you nothing for me80 --,,rev4 ,,john ,b4 ,,tabb4 ,,the ,,wisdom ,,of ,,alexander ,macedon melancholy philosopher countenance cypress messenger perplexity recognize vigor humiliation solitude poverty oracles alleviation company behest ,the bannered hosts of ,macedon stood arrayed in splendid might4 ,crowning the hills and filling the valleys1 far and wide extended the millions in arms who waited on the word of the young ,alexander--the most superb array of human power which sceptered ambition ever evoked to do its bidding4 ,that army was to sweep nations off the earth and make a continent its camp1 following the voice of one whose sword was the index to glory1 whose command was the synonym of triumph4 ,it now stood expectant1 for the king yet lingered4 ,while his war horse fretted at the gate1 and myriads thus in silence waited his appearance1 ,alexander took his way to the apartment of his mother4 ,the sole ligament which bound him to virtue and to feeling was the love of that mother1 and the tie was as strong as it was tender4 ,in mute dejection they embraced2 and ,alexander1 as he gazed upon that affectionate face1 which had never been turned to him but in tenderness and yearning love1 seemed to ask1 8,shall ,i ever again behold that sweet smile80 ,the anxiety of his mother's countenance denoted the same sad curiosity2 and without a word1 but with the selfsame feeling in their hearts1 they went out together to seek the oracles in the temple of ,philip1 to learn their fate4 ,alone1 in unuttered sympathy1 the two ascended the steps of the sacred temple and approached the shrine4 ,a priest stood behind the altar4 ,the blue smoke of the incense curled upward in front1 and the book of oracles was before him4 8,where shall my grave be digged80 said the king2 and the priest opened the book and read1 8,where the soil is of iron1 and the sky of gold1 there shall the grave of the monarch of men be digged40 ,to the utmost limit ,asia had become the possession of the ,macedonian4 ,fatigued with conquest1 and anxious to seek a country where the difficulty of victory should enhance its value1 the hero was returning to ,europe4 ,a few days would have brought him to the capital of his kingdom1 when he fell suddenly ill4 ,he was lifted from his horse1 and one of his generals1 unlacing his armor1 spread it out for him to lie upon1 and held his golden shield to screen him from the mid-day sun4 ,when the king raised his eyes and beheld the glittering canopy1 he was conscious of the omen4 8,the oracle has said that where the ground should be of iron1 and the sky of gold1 there should my grave be made6 ,behold the fulfillment6 ,it is a mournful thing6 ,the young cypress is cut down in the vigor of its strength1 in the first fullness of its beauty4 ,the thread of life is snapped suddenly1 and with it a thousand prospects vanish1 a thousand hopes are crushed6 ,but let the will of fate be done6 ,she has long obeyed my behest6 ,i yield myself now to hers6 ,yet1 my mother60 ,and the monarch mused in melancholy silence4 ,at length he turned to his attendants and ordered his tablets to be brought2 and he took them1 and wrote1 8,let the customary alms1 which my mother shall distribute at my death1 be given to those who have never felt the miseries of the world1 and have never lost those who were dear to them20 and sinking back upon his iron couch1 he yielded up his breath4 ,they buried him where he died1 and an army wept over his grave6 ,when the intelligence of the death of ,alexander was brought to his mother1 as she sat among her ladies1 she was overwhelmed by anguish4 8,ah6 why10 she exclaimed1 8was ,i exalted so high1 only to be plunged into such depth of misery8 ,why was ,i not made of lower condition1 so1 haply1 ,i had escaped such grief8 ,the joy of my youth is plucked up1 the comfort of my age is withered6 ,who is more wretched than ,i80 ,and she refused to be comforted4 ,the last wish of her son was read to her1 and she resolved to perform that one remaining duty and then retire to solitude1 to indulge her grief for the remainder of her life4 ,she ordered her servants to go into the city and bring to the palace such as the will of ,alexander directed--selecting those who were the poorest4 ,but the messengers1 ere long1 returned1 and said that there were none of that description to be found among the poor4 8,go then10 said the queen1 8and apply to all classes1 and return not without bringing some who have never lost any who were dear to them40 ,and the order was proclaimed through all the city1 and all heard it and passed on4 ,the neighboring villages gave no better success2 and the search was extended through all the country2 and they went over all ,macedonia1 and throughout ,greece1 and at every house they stood and cried1 8,if there are any here who have never known misery1 and never lost those that were dear to them1 let them come out1 and receive the bounty of the queen20 but none came forth4 ,and they went to the haunts of the gay1 and into the libraries of the philosophers2 to the seats of public office1 and to the caves of hermits2 they searched among the rich1 and among the poor--among the high and among the low2 but not one person was found who had not tasted misery2 and they reported the result to the queen4 8,it is strange60 said she1 as if struck with sudden astonishment4 8,are there none who have not lost their friend8 ,and is my condition the condition of all8 ,it is not credible4 ,are there none here1 in this room1 in this palace1 who have always been happy80 ,but there was no reply to the inquiry4 8,you1 young page1 whose countenance is gay1 what sorrow have you ever known80 8,alas6 madam1 my father was killed in the wars of ,alexander1 and my mother1 through grief1 has followed him60 ,the question was put to others2 but every one had lost a brother1 a father1 or a mother4 8,can it be10 said the queen1 8can it be that all are as ,i am80 8,all are as you are1 madam10 said an old man that was present1 8excepting in these splendors and these consolations4 ,by poverty and humility you might have lost the alleviations1 but1 you could not have escaped the blow4 ,there are nights without a star2 but there are no days without a cloud4 ,to suffer is the lot of all2 to bear1 the glory of a few40 8,i recognize10 said the queen1 8the wisdom of ,alexander60 and she bowed in resignation1 and wept no more4 --,,horace ,,binney ,,wallace4 ,,thanksgiving ,with gratitude1 ,o ,god1 we praise ,thy holy name to-day1 and raise ,our hearts to thee2 ,for all ,thy gifts sent from above1 ,for life and strength and trust and love1 ,for liberty4 ,for summer days1 for smiles and tears1 ,for all our joys and hopes and fears1 ,for storm and fair2 ,for toil and weariness and rest2 ,for sleep2 for strength to bear the test ,of pain and care2 ,for food and raiment1 and increase ,of harvest plenty1 and for peace1 ,on earth good will4 ,o ,god1 our ,father1 we this day ,give thanks for all1 and now we pray ,be with us still6 --,,henry ,,coyle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,beautiful ,mother1 we deck thy shrine2 ,all that is brightest and best of ours ,found in our gardens1 we reckon thine1-- ,god thought of thee when ,he made the flowers4 --,,rev4 ,k4 ,d4 ,,beste4 ,,the ,,enchanted ,,bark humor scene donkey ,sancho relief leagues armor ,dulcinea patience moored purpose ,don ,quixote ,fair and softly1 and step by step1 did ,don ,quixote and his squire wend their way through field and wood and village and farmland4 ,many and strange were their adventures--so many and strange1 indeed1 that ,i shall not try to relate the half of them4 ,at length1 on a sunny day1 they came to the banks of the river ,ebro4 ,as the knight sat on ,rozinante's back and gazed at the flowing water and at the grass and trees which bordered the banks with living green1 he felt very happy4 ,his squire1 however1 was in no pleasant humor1 for the last few days had been days of weary toil4 ,presently ,don ,quixote observed a little boat which was lying in the water near by1 being moored by a rope to the trunk of a small tree4 ,it had neither oars nor sail1 and for that reason it seemed all the more inviting4 ,the knight dismounted from his steed1 calling at the same time to his squire to do the same4 8,alight1 ,sancho10 he said4 8,let us tie our beasts to the branches of this willow40 ,sancho obeyed1 asking1 8,why do we alight here1 master80 8,you are to know10 answered ,don ,quixote1 8that this boat lies here for us4 ,it invites me to embark in it and hasten to the relief of some knight1 or other person of high degree1 who is in distress40 8,i wonder if that is so10 said ,sancho4 8,certainly10 answered his master4 8,in all the books that ,i have read1 enchanters are forever doing such things4 ,if a knight happens to be in danger1 there is sometimes only one other knight that can rescue him4 ,so a boat is provided for that other knight1 and1 in the twinkling of an eye1 he is whisked away to the scene of trouble1 even though it be two or three thousand leagues40 8,that is wonderful10 said ,sancho4 8,most assuredly10 answered ,don ,quixote2 8and it is for just such a purpose that this enchanted bark lies here4 ,therefore let us leave our steeds here in the shade and embark in it40 8,well1 well10 said ,sancho1 8since you are the master1 ,i must obey4 ,but ,i tell you this is no enchanted bark4 ,it is some fisherman's boat40 8,they are usually fishermen's boats10 said ,don ,quixote4 8,so1 let us begin our voyage without delay40 ,he leaped into the little vessel4 ,sancho followed1 and untied the rope4 ,the boat drifted slowly out into the stream4 ,when ,sancho saw that they were out of reach of the shore and had no means of pushing back1 he began to quake with fear4 8,we shall never see our noble steeds again10 he cried4 8,hear how the poor donkey brays and moans because we are leaving him4 ,see how ,rozinante tugs at his bridle4 ,oh1 my poor1 dear friends1 good-by60 ,then he began such a moaning and howling that ,don ,quixote lost all patience with him4 8,coward60 he cried4 8,what are you afraid of8 ,who is after you8 ,who hurts you8 ,why1 we have already floated some seven or eight hundred leagues4 ,if ,i'm not mistaken1 we shall soon pass the equinoctial line which divides the earth into two equal parts40 8,and when we come to that line1 how far have we gone then80 asked ,sancho4 8,a mighty way10 answered the knight4 ,they were now floating down the river with some speed4 ,below them were two great water mills near the middle of the stream4 8,look6 look1 my ,sancho60 cried ,don ,quixote4 8,do you see yon city or castle8 ,that is where some knight lies in prison1 or some princess is detained against her will40 8,what do you mean80 asked ,sancho4 8,don't you see that those are no castles8 ,they are only water mills for grinding corn40 8,peace1 ,sancho6 ,i know they look like water mills1 but that is a trick of the enchanters4 ,why1 those vile fellows can change and overturn everything from its natural form4 ,you know how they transformed my ,dulcinea40 ,the boat was now moving quite rapidly with the current4 ,the people in the mills saw it and came out with long poles to keep it clear of the great water wheels4 ,they were powdered with flour dust1 as millers commonly are1 and therefore looked quite uncanny4 8,hello1 there60 they cried4 8,are you mad1 in that boat8 ,push off1 or you'll be cut to pieces by the mill wheels40 8,didn't ,i tell you1 ,sancho1 that this is the place where ,i must show my strength80 said ,don ,quixote4 8,see how those hobgoblins come out against us6 ,but ,i'll show them what sort of person ,i am40 ,then he stood up in the boat and began to call the millers all sorts of bad names4 8,you paltry cowards60 he cried4 8,release at once the captive whom you are detaining within your castle4 ,for ,i am ,don ,quixote de la ,mancha1 the ,knight of the ,lions1 whom heaven has sent to set your prisoner free40 ,he drew his sword and began to thrust the air with it1 as though fighting with an invisible enemy4 ,but the millers gave little heed to his actions1 and stood ready with their poles to stop the boat4 ,sancho threw himself on his knees in the bottom of the boat and began to pray for deliverance4 ,and1 indeed1 it seemed as though their time had come1 for they were drifting straight into the wheel4 ,quickly the millers bestirred themselves1 and thrusting out their poles they overturned the boat4 ,don ,quixote and ,sancho were1 of course1 spilled out into the stream4 ,it was lucky that both could swim4 ,the weight of the knight's armor dragged him twice to the bottom2 and both he and his squire would have been drowned had not two of the millers jumped in and pulled them out by main force4 ,hardly had our exhausted heroes recovered their senses when the fisherman who owned the boat came running down to the shore4 ,when he saw that the little craft had been broken to pieces in the millwheel1 he fell upon ,sancho and began to beat him unmercifully4 8,you shall pay me for that boat10 he cried4 8,i am ready to pay for it10 said ,don ,quixote1 8provided these people will fairly and immediately surrender the prisoners whom they have unjustly detained in their castle40 8,what castle do you mean8 and what prisoners80 asked the millers4 8,explain yourself1 sir4 ,we don't know what you are talking about40 8,i might as well talk to a stump as try to persuade you to do a good act10 answered ,don ,quixote4 8,now ,i see that two rival enchanters have clashed in this adventure4 ,one sent me a boat1 the other overwhelmed it in the river4 ,it is very plain that ,i can do nothing where there is such plotting and counter-plotting40 ,then he turned his face toward the mill and raised his eyes to the window above the wheel4 8,my friends60 he cried at the top of his voice1 8my friends1 whoever you are who lie immured in that prison1 hear me6 ,pardon my ill luck1 for ,i cannot set you free4 ,you must needs wait for some other knight to perform that adventure40 ,having said this1 he ordered ,sancho to pay the fisherman fifty reals for the boat4 ,sancho obeyed sullenly1 for he was reluctant to part with the money4 8,two voyages like that will sink all our stock10 he muttered4 ,the fisherman and the millers stood with their mouths open1 wondering what sort of men these were who had come so strangely into their midst4 ,then1 concluding that they were madmen1 they left them1 the millers going to their mill1 and the fisherman to his hut4 ,as for ,don ,quixote and ,sancho1 they trudged sorrowfully back to their beasts2 and thus ended the adventure of the enchanted bark4 --,retold from ,,cervantes4 ,a ,,legend ,,of ,,st4 ,,nicholas ,nicholas heathen apparel aching jeweled suddenly sniveling kindred banquet anguish vanished giant ,illustration ,the tales of good ,st4 ,nicholas ,are known in every clime2 ,told in painting1 and in statues1 ,and in the poet's rhyme4 ,in ,england's ,isle1 alone1 to-day1 ,four hundred churches stand ,which bear his name1 and keep it well ,remembered through the land4 ,and all the little children ,in ,england know full well ,this tale of good ,st4 ,nicholas1 ,which ,i am now to tell4 ,the sweetest tale1 ,i think1 of all ,the tales they tell of him2 ,i never read it but my eyes ,with tears begin to swim4 ,there was a heathen king who roved ,about with cruel bands1 ,and waged a fierce and wicked war ,on all the ,christian lands4 ,and once he took as captive ,a little fair-haired boy1 ,a ,christian merchant's only son1 ,his mother's pride and joy4 ,he decked him in apparel gay1 ,and said1 8,you're just the age ,to serve behind my chair at meat1 ,a dainty ,christian page40 ,oh1 with a sore and aching heart ,the lonely captive child ,roamed through the palace1 big and grand1 ,and wept and never smiled4 ,and all the heathen jeered at him1 ,and called him ,christian dog1 ,and when the king was angry ,he kicked him like a log4 ,one day1 just as the cruel king ,had sat him down to dine1 ,and in his jeweled cup of gold ,the page was pouring wine1 ,the little fellow's heart ran o'er ,in tears he could not stay1 ,for he remembered suddenly1 ,it was the very day ,on which the yearly feast was kept ,of good ,st4 ,nicholas1 ,and at his home that very hour ,were dancing on the grass1 ,with music1 and with feasting1 all ,the children of the town4 ,the king looked up1 and saw his tears2 ,his face began to frown3 8,how now1 thou dog6 thy sniveling tears ,are running in my cup2 ',twas not with these1 but with good wine1 ,i bade thee fill it up4 8,why weeps the hound80 ,the child replied1 8,i weep1 because to-day1 ,in name of good ,st4 ,nicholas1 ,all ,christian children play2 ,and all my kindred gather home1 ,from greatest unto least1 ,and keep to good ,st4 ,nicholas1 ,a merry banquet feast40 ,the heathen king laughed scornfully3 8,if he be saint indeed1 ,thy famous great ,st4 ,nicholas1 ,why does he not take heed ,to thee to-day1 and bear thee back ,to thy own native land8 ,ha6 well ,i wot1 he cannot take ,one slave from out my hand60 ,scarce left the boastful words his tongue ,when1 with astonished eyes1 ,the cruel king a giant form ,saw swooping from the skies4 ,a whirlwind shook the palace walls1 ,the doors flew open wide1 ,and lo6 the good ,st4 ,nicholas ,came in with mighty stride4 ,right past the guards1 as they were not1 ,close to the king's gold chair1 ,with striding steps the good ,saint came1 ,and seizing by the hair ,the frightened little page1 he bore ,him1 in a twinkling1 high ,above the palace topmost roof1 ,and vanished in the sky4 ,now at that very hour was spread ,a banquet rich and dear1 ,within the little page's home ,to which1 from far and near1 ,the page's mourning parents called ,all poor to come and pray ,with them1 to good ,st4 ,nicholas1 ,upon his sacred day4 ,thinking1 perhaps1 that he would heal ,their anguish and their pain1 ,and at poor people's prayers might give ,their child to them again4 ,now what a sight was there to see1 ,when flying through the air1 ,the ,saint came carrying the boy1 ,still by his curly hair6 ,and set him on his mother's knee1 ,too frightened yet to stand1 ,and holding still the king's gold cup ,fast in his little hand4 ,and what glad sounds were these to hear1 ,what sobs and joyful cries1 ,and calls for good ,st4 ,nicholas1 ,to come back from the skies6 ,but swift he soared1 and only smiled1 ,and vanished in the blue2 ,most likely he was hurrying ,some other good to do4 ,,raphael ,,of ,,urbino ,i physical admiration torrent ,urbino brilliancy inferior fresco ,apennines ,raphael of ,urbino is called the prince of painters4 ,and a true prince he was in physical beauty1 in graciousness of manner1 in kindness of soul1 and in power to command the love and admiration of all people with whom he came in contact4 ,it would almost seem that the gentleness of ,st4 ,francis himself had fallen upon him1 for ,raphael1 too1 was born among the ,apennines near the old town of ,assisi4 ,the rugged mountains still rise hill upon hill to the distant blue sky4 ,assisi1 almost deserted1 may still be visited1 and you may stand in the very house where ,raphael was born4 ,you will find it on a steep hillside in the little town of ,urbino4 ,urbino is built upon a jutting mountain cliff beneath which is a rushing torrent4 ,in the far distance one may see on a clear day the blue ,mediterranean4 ,urbino was once a prosperous town over which a powerful duke ruled1 but now it is a quaint village whose one treasure is the house on the steep hillside4 ,raphael's father was ,giovanni ,santi1 a painter of some ability4 ,his mother was the daughter of a rich merchant4 ,raphael was born ,april #f1 #adhc4 ,no shadow fell across the path of the child until he was eight years of age4 ,then a great sorrow befell him4 ,his mother died4 ,his father1 anxious that the child should not miss a mother's care1 married again4 ,his stepmother treated him with all tenderness1 and thus the child grew strong and beautiful in the bright ,italian sunshine and the loving atmosphere of home4 ,he had few companions besides his father and mother4 ,he played much in his father's studio1 and like ,angelo learned in babyhood to use the tools of art which later would bring him renown4 ,in #adid1 while the boy was still young1 his second misfortune came4 ,his father died4 ,raphael was left under the guardianship of his stepmother and his father's brother1 a priest4 ,for a time nothing was done toward his further education4 ,but an uncle who seemed to realize that the lad had unusual genius for painting at last gained permission to send him away to a master4 ,he was placed under the instruction of ,perugino1 who1 it is said1 remarked1 8,let him be my pupil2 he will soon be my master40 ,raphael remained in the studio of ,perugino at ,perugia nearly nine years4 ,other students were with him who afterwards became great artists4 ,a master like ,perugino would often receive many orders for pictures or frescoes which he could not execute alone4 ,so the less important work would be left to students4 ,this not only aided the artist1 but it made it possible for students to show their power4 ,if a young man had unusual talent1 he was sure to seize this opportunity to show his ability and attract the master's attention4 ,raphael's earliest work was done to assist ,perugino4 ,after the death of ,perugino1 ,raphael returned for a time to ,urbino4 ,here he painted for the reigning duke ,st4 ,george slaying the ,dragon and ,st4 ,michael attacking ,satan4 ,both of these pictures are now in the ,louvre gallery at ,paris4 ,but ,raphael wanted especially to see the pictures of ,angelo and ,leonardo1 whose fame had spread to the most remote valleys of the rugged ,apennines4 ,so with a letter of introduction to the ruler of ,florence1 ,raphael in #aejd started upon his travels4 ,his letter1 he knew1 would insure him a welcome in ,florence at least4 ,as he walked through the streets of this beautiful city he felt like a fairy prince in a land of magic4 ,now he stood beneath the bell tower which ,giotto had designed1 now he passed the wonderful bronze gates which ,ghiberti had cast1 and now he studied the pictures of ,leonardo or ,angelo which were in all the brilliancy of fresh color4 ,new ideas crowded upon him1 new inspiration roused him4 ,he was sure he could do more1 much more1 than he had ever dreamed of doing before4 ,eagerly he began to paint1 and within a few months three ,madonnas were marked with his name4 ,a fresco painting of the ,last ,supper1 which was probably executed by him this same year1 was discovered on the wall of a convent dining room in #ahde4 ,he had been gone not quite a year when he returned to ,urbino to complete some work which he had before undertaken4 ,the influence of ,florence was seen at once in both color and form4 ,he was a finer artist4 ,all that northern ,italy could offer1 ,raphael had now seen4 ,but the art of ,rome excelled the art of ,florence4 ,angelo was at that very time hard at work upon the ceiling frescoes of the ,sistine ,chapel4 ,leonardo in ,milan had amazed ,italy and the world by his ,last ,supper4 ,he1 too1 was soon to be in ,rome4 ,hither1 in #aejf1 ,raphael went4 ,a young man of handsome1 courtly appearance and gracious manners1 with many friends and no enemies1 fortune truly favored him6 ,the ,pope received him gladly and soon commissioned him to decorate the hall of the ,vatican4 ,two of the greatest artists of any age were now working almost side by side1 ,michael ,angelo and ,raphael of ,urbino4 ,often one or the other would stand by his rival and watch his brush4 ,yet neither ever spoke4 ,each admired the other and each was known to defend the other under the attacks of inferior artists4 ,,ii steadily influence devout favorite probably festival sleeves conception ,raphael worked steadily in the ,vatican hall4 ,perhaps the most pleasing of these frescoes is the one which shows the ,church in heaven and the ,church on earth4 ,the fresco is divided into two sections4 ,the upper one shows the ,almighty ,father in the midst of angels4 ,below ,him is ,christ enthroned1 with the ,virgin and ,st4 ,john the ,baptist4 ,beneath the throne is the ,dove of the ,holy ,spirit4 ,in the lower fresco appear ,st4 ,john1 ,st4 ,ambrose1 ,st4 ,augustine1 and ,st4 ,gregory4 ,at ,no4 #abd ,via ,coronari1 near the ,st4 ,angelo bridge1 is the four-story house where ,raphael lived during his first four years in ,rome4 ,raphael was admitted in #aead into the ,fraternity of the ,body of ,christ1 and his many ,madonnas of rare beauty were doubtless inspired by his devout spirit4 ,during his stay in ,rome ,raphael set up a studio to which many students flocked4 ,they loved him both as friend and master1 and he was untiring in his efforts to instruct and inspire them4 ,he was commissioned by the ,pope with the task of making certain decorations for the ,sistine ,chapel4 ,they were to take the form of tapestries with which the chapel would be adorned on great festival occasions4 ,there were ten of these1 all telling some ,bible story in the life of ,christ or one of ,his immediate followers4 ,the last of the series is the ,coronation of the ,virgin4 ,it shows ,christ on his throne crowning the ,madonna4 ,the ,father and the ,holy ,spirit are seen above and ,st4 ,jerome and ,st4 ,john the ,baptist below4 ,as yet nothing has been said of the painting by which the name of ,raphael is best known1 the ,sistine ,madonna4 ,it was painted in #aeah for the ,benedictine ,monastery of ,san ,sisto at ,piacenza4 ,in #aged it was purchased by ,augustus ,,iii1 ,elector of ,saxony1 for forty thousand dollars4 ,it was received in ,dresden with great rejoicing1 and the throne of ,saxony was moved to give it a suitable place4 ,it is now in the ,dresden gallery4 ,another favorite is the ,madonna of the ,chair4 ,this shows the ,madonna1 seated1 holding the child4 8,the dress of the mother is light blue2 the mantle about her shoulder is green with red and willow-green stripes and a gold-embroidered border2 her sleeves are red faced with gold at the wrists4 ,a grayish-brown veil with reddish-brown stripes is wound around her head4 ,the child's dress is orange colored2 the back of the chair is red40 ,such is the description given by ,grimm4 ,at the time of his death ,raphael was putting forth every effort to finish his noble conception of the ,transfiguration4 ,it is now1 as he left it1 in the ,vatican4 ,on the night of ,good ,friday1 ,april #f1 #aebj1 at the age of thirty-seven1 ,raphael died4 ,in his beautiful home1 where the people of ,rome might do him honor1 the unfinished ,transfiguration beside him1 in the midst of lighted tapers1 he lay in state until the body was carried to the ,pantheon4 ,in the procession also was carried the great picture4 ,,lead1 ,,kindly ,,light ,lead1 ,kindly ,light1 amid the encircling gloom ,lead ,thou me on6 ,the night is dark1 and ,i am far from home-- ,lead ,thou me on6 ,keep ,thou my feet1 ,i do not ask to see ,the distant scene--one step enough for me4 ,i was not ever thus1 nor pray'd that ,thou ,shouldst lead me on4 ,i loved to choose and see my path1 but now ,lead ,thou me on6 ,i loved the garish day1 and1 spite of fears1 ,pride ruled my will3 remember not past years4 ,so long ,thy power hath blest me1 sure it still ,will lead me on1 ,o'er moor and fen1 o'er crag and torrent1 till ,the night is gone2 ,and with the morn those angel faces smile ,which ,i have loved long since1 and lost awhile4 --,,cardinal ,,newman4 ,,parable ,,of ,,the ,,good ,,samaritan ,a certain man went down from ,jerusalem to ,jericho1 and fell among robbers1 who also stripped him3 and having wounded him went away leaving him half dead4 ,and it chanced that a certain priest went down the same way3 and seeing him1 passed by4 ,in like manner also a ,levite1 when he was near the place and saw him1 passed by4 ,but a certain ,samaritan being on his journey1 came near him3 and seeing him was moved with compassion4 ,and going up to him1 bound up his wounds1 pouring in oil and wine3 and setting him upon his own beast brought him to an inn1 and took care of him4 ,and the next day he took out two pence1 and gave to the host1 and said3 ,take care of him3 and whatsoever thou shalt spend over and above1 ,i at my return will repay thee4 ,which of these three in thy opinion was neighbor to him that fell among the robbers8 --,luke x4 #cj-cf4 ,illustration3 ,painting by ,plockhorst ,,the ,,good ,,samaritan ,,connor ,,mac-,,nessa--,,an ,,irish ,,legend siege tourney falconry anxious relief anguish tranquil crucify chieftain emerald generous vigorous ,loud roared the din of battle1 fierce1 ,bloody and wild1 ,with ,ulster men and ,connaught men ,the field was piled4 ,connor ,mac-,nessa1 ,ulster's ,king1 ,in the mad fray ,wounded to death and well-nigh spent ,and dying lay4 ,a ,druid came with healing balm ,of herb and leaf1 ,he poured it in the gaping wound1 ,to give relief2 ,the wound was healed1 8,yet10 said the leech1 8,beware1 my ,liege6 ,of war's alarm or battle fray1 ,sally or siege2 8,no more o'er mere and fen with thee1 ,oh6 noble king1 ,brave ,knight and ,lady fair will strive ,for bittern's wing2 ,no more thou'lt ride thy prancing steed ,after the doe1 ,no more thou'lt tilt at tourney brave ',gainst gallant foe2 8,for thee the fireside's tranquil calm1 ,lest sudden rift ,of wound break forth and cause thy death ,in anguish swift60 ,quiet and calm1 in war or peace1 ,no more to roam1 ,connor ,mac-,nessa1 ,ulster's ,king1 ,abode at home4 ,one day1 when woods were green and fair1 ,and hearts were light1 ,swiftly the gleaming mid-day sun ,grew dark as night2 ,black portents unto ,erin fair ,it seemed to bring4 8,what means this1 mighty ,druid80 asked ,the anxious king4 8,far1 far away1 across the sea10 ,the ,druid said1 8,jesu1 the ,christ1 upon a cross ,bends low ,his head4 ,their ,king upon the shameful tree1 ,with mocking cry1 ,and scornful gibe1 the cruel ,jews ,now crucify40 ,king ,connor cried1 8,what crime had this ,man done1 ,i pray80 8,but to be good were crime enough ,for such as they1 ,my ,king10 the answer came4 8,he was ,to death enticed1 ,then broke ,his tender1 loving heart1 ,this fair1 white ,christ60 ,a generous flush o'erspread his cheek1 ,mac-,nessa sprang ,quick to his feet2 his quivering voice ,in anger rang4 8,ah6 wicked deed6 ,ah6 poor1 white ,christ6 ,they murder ,thee6 ,why didst thou not unto the ,king ,of ,erin flee8 8,thy battles he would fight to death1 ,poor1 guiltless ,one1 ,ulster's great chieftain ne'er could see ,injustice done60 ,then dashed he from the hall and seized ,with vigorous hand ,his keen and sharp-edged clevy-- ,a wondrous brand6 ,under the turquoise sky1 upon ,the emerald turf1 ,his anger raged like foaming crest ,of frothy surf4 ,he hacked and hewed the giant trees ,with his keen sword4 8,thus would ,i slay ,thy foes1 poor ,christ1 ,with blood out-poured60 ,then quickly his forgotten wound ,sprung gaping wide4 ,he reeled and fell3 8,i go to ,thee1 ,oh6 ,christ60 he sighed1 ,for the ,king ,christ he loved unseen1 ,with flowers bespread1 ,connor ,mac-,nessa1 ,ulster's ,king ,lay cold and dead6 --,m4 ,f4 ,n4-,r4 ,,the ,,martyrdom ,,of ,,blessed ,,john ,,fisher message persuasion signify lieutenant apparel infirmity scaffold occasion forehead infinite tyrant solemnity ,it was very late in the night when the sentence was pronounced1 and the prisoner was asleep4 ,the lieutenant was unwilling to disturb his rest for that time1 and so did not awaken him1 but in the morning before five of the clock he came to him in his chamber in the ,bell ,tower1 and found him yet asleep in his bed4 ,he awakened the good father1 and explained that he was come to him on a message from the king4 ,then1 with some persuasion1 he said that he should remember himself to be an old man1 and that he could not expect by course of nature to live much longer4 ,finally he informed him that he was come to signify unto him that the king's pleasure was he should suffer death that forenoon4 8,well10 answered this blessed father1 8if this be your errand1 you bring me no great news4 ,i have long expected this message4 ,and ,i most humbly thank the king's majesty that it has pleased him to rid me from all this worldly business1 and ,i thank you also for your tidings4 ,but ,i pray you1 ,mr4 ,lieutenant1 when is mine hour that ,i must go hence80 8,your hour10 said the lieutenant1 8must be nine of the clock40 8,and what hour is it now80 said he4 8,it is now about five10 said the lieutenant4 8,well1 then10 said he1 8let me by your patience sleep an hour or two1 for ,i have slept very little this night4 ,my rest has been very much broken1 not for any fear of death1 ,i thank ,god1 but by reason of my great infirmity and weakness40 8,the king's further pleasure is10 said the lieutenant1 8that you should not talk much4 ,especially you must not say anything touching his majesty1 whereby the people should have any cause to think ill of him or of his proceedings40 8,for that10 said the father1 8you shall see me order myself well4 ,for1 by ,god's grace1 neither the king1 nor any man else1 shall have occasion to mislike my words40 ,the lieutenant then departed from him1 and so the prisoner1 falling again to rest1 slept soundly two hours and more4 ,after he was waked again he called to his man to help him up4 ,then he commanded him to take away the shirt of hair 7which he was accustomed to wear on his back7 and to convey it secretly out of the house4 ,then he bade him bring a clean white shirt1 and all the best apparel he had1 as cleanly bright as possible4 ,while he was dressing himself1 he appeared to have more curiosity and care for the fine and cleanly wearing of his apparel that day than had ever been his wont before4 ,his man asked him what this sudden change meant1 since he must know well enough that he must put off all again within two hours and lose it4 8,what of that80 said the father4 8,dost thou not mark that this is our wedding day1 and that it is necessary for us to use more cleanliness for solemnity of the marriage80 ,about nine of the clock the lieutenant came again to his prison4 ,finding him almost ready1 he said that he was now come for him4 8,i will wait upon you straight10 said the father1 8as fast as this thin body of mine will give me leave40 ,then he turned to his man and said1 8,reach me my fur cape to put about my neck40 8,oh1 my lord10 said the lieutenant1 8why need you be so careful for your health for this little while8 ,your lordship knoweth that it is not much above an hour40 8,i think no otherwise10 said this blessed father4 8,but in the meantime ,i will keep myself as well as ,i can1 till the very time of my execution4 ,i have1 ,i thank our ,lord1 a very good desire and willing mind to die at this present time1 and so trust of ,his infinite mercy and goodness ,he will continue this desire4 ,nevertheless1 ,i will not willingly hinder my health for one minute of an hour4 ,indeed1 ,i will prolong the same as long as ,i can by such reasonable ways and means as ,almighty ,god hath provided for me40 ,then1 taking a little book in his hand1 which was a ,new ,testament lying by him1 he made a cross on his forehead and went out of his prison door with the lieutenant4 ,he was so weak that he was scarce able to go down the stairs1 and at the stairs-foot he was taken up in a chair between two of the lieutenant's men4 ,these carried him to the ,tower gate to be delivered to the sheriffs of ,london for execution4 ,when they were come to the farthest wall of the ,tower1 they rested there with him a space2 and an officer was sent on before to know in what readiness the sheriffs were to receive him4 ,as they were resting here1 the father rose out of his chair1 and stood on his feet1 leaning his shoulder to the wall4 ,then1 lifting his eyes towards heaven1 he opened his little book in his hand1 and said1 8,o ,lord1 this is the last time that ever ,i shall open this book2 let some comfortable place now chance unto me whereby ,i thy poor servant may glorify ,thee in this my last hour40 ,then he opened the book1 and the first thing that came to his sight were these words3 8,this is life everlasting1 that they may know ,thee the only true ,god1 and ,jesus ,christ whom ,thou hast sent4 ,i have glorified ,thee upon earth1 ,i have finished the work ,thou gavest me to do40 ,having read these words1 he shut the book together and said1 8,here is even learning enough for me to my life's end40 ,the sheriff was now ready for him4 ,so he was taken up again by certain of the sheriff's men1 and1 guarded by many armed men1 he was carried to the scaffold on ,tower ,hill1 otherwise called ,east ,smithfield4 ,he was seen to be praying all the way1 and pondering upon the words that he had read4 ,when he was come to the foot of the scaffold1 they that carried him offered to help him up the stairs2 but he said1 8,nay1 masters1 since ,i have come so far let me alone1 and you shall see me shift for myself well enough40 ,so he went up the stairs without any help1 so lively that it was a marvel to them that knew before of his weakness4 ,as he was mounting up the stairs1 the southeast sun shined very bright in his face4 ,observing this1 he said to himself these words1 lifting up his hands1 8,come ye to ,him and be enlightened2 and your faces shall not be confounded40 ,by the time he was on the scaffold1 it was about ten of the clock4 ,the executioner1 being ready to do his office1 kneeled down to him 7as the fashion is7 and asked his forgiveness4 8,i forgive thee10 said the father1 8with all my heart1 and ,i trust thou shalt see me overcome this storm lustily40 ,then was his gown and fur cape taken from him1 and he stood in his doublet and hose1 in sight of all the people4 ,there was to be seen a long1 lean1 and slender body1 having on it little other substance besides the skin and bones4 ,indeed1 so thin and emaciated was he that those who beheld him marveled much to see a living man so far consumed4 ,therefore1 it appeared monstrous that the king could be so cruel as to put such a man to death as he was1 even though he had been a real offender against the law4 ,if he had been in the ,turk's dominion1 and there found guilty of some great offense1 yet methinks the ,turk would never have put him to death being already so near death4 ,for it is an horrible and exceeding cruelty to kill that thing which is presently dying1 except it be for pity's sake to rid it from longer pain4 ,therefore1 it may be thought that the cruelty and hard heart of ,king ,henry in this point passed all the ,turks and tyrants that ever have been heard or read of4 ,after speaking a few words the father kneeled down on his knees and said certain prayers4 ,then came the executioner and bound a handkerchief about his eyes4 ,this holy father1 lifting up his hands and heart to heaven1 said a few other prayers1 which were not long but fervent and devout1 which being ended1 he laid his holy head down over the midst of a little block4''' ,and so his immortal soul mounted to the blissful joys of ,heaven4 --,,the ,,rev4 ,t4 ,e4 ,,bridgett1 ,c4 ,,ss4 ,r4 ,,the ,,nightingale ,,and ,,the ,,glowworm appetite eagerly harangued minstrelsy eloquent abhor oration approbation ,a nightingale1 that all day long ,had cheered the village with his song1 ,nor yet at eve his note suspended1 ,nor yet when eventide was ended1 ,began to feel1 as well he might1 ,the keen demands of appetite2 ,when1 looking eagerly around1 ,he spied far off1 upon the ground1 ,a something shining in the dark1 ,and knew the glowworm by his spark2 ,so1 stooping from the hawthorn top1 ,he thought to put him in his crop4 ,the worm1 aware of his intent1 ,harangued him thus1 right eloquent3 8,did you admire my lamp10 quoth he1 8,as much as ,i your minstrelsy1 ,you would abhor to do me wrong ,as much as ,i to spoil your song2 ,for 'twas the selfsame ,power divine ,taught you to sing and me to shine2 ,that you with music1 ,i with light1 ,might beautify and cheer the night40 ,the songster heard this short oration1 ,and1 warbling out his approbation1 ,released him1 as my story tells1 ,and found a supper somewhere else4 --,,william ,,cowper4 ,,if ,,thou ,,couldst ,,be ,a ,,bird ,if thou couldst be a bird1 what bird wouldst thou be8 ,a frolicsome gull on the billowy sea1 ,screaming and wailing when stormy winds rave1 ,or anchored1 white thing6 on the merry green wave8 ,or an eagle aloft in the blue ether dwelling1 ,free of the caves of the lofty ,helvellyn1 ,who is up in the sunshine when we are in shower1 ,and could reach our loved ocean in less than an hour8 ,or a stork on a mosque's broken pillar in peace1 ,by some famous old stream in the bright land of ,greece2 ,a sweet-mannered householder6 waiving his state ,now and then1 in some kind little toil for his mate8 ,or a heath bird1 that lies on the ,cheviot moor1 ,where the wet1 shining earth is as bare as the floor2 ,who mutters glad sounds1 though his joys are but few-- ,yellow moon1 windy sunshine1 and skies cold and blue8 ,or1 if thy man's heart worketh in thee at all1 ,perchance thou wouldst dwell by some bold baron's hall2 ,a black1 glossy rook1 working early and late1 ,like a laboring man on the baron's estate8 ,or a linnet1 who builds in the close hawthorn bough1 ,where her small1 frightened eyes may be seen looking through2 ,who heeds not1 fond mother6 the oxlips that shine ,on the hedge banks beneath1 or the glazed celandine8 ,or a swallow that flieth the sunny world over1 ,the true home of spring and spring flowers to discover2 ,who1 go where he will1 takes away on his wings ,good words from mankind for the bright thoughts he brings8 ,but what6 can these pictures of strange winged mirth ,make the child to forget that she walks on the earth8 ,dost thou feel at thy sides as though wings were to start ,from some place where they lie folded up in thy heart8 ,then love the green things in thy first simple youth1 ,the beasts1 birds1 and fishes1 with heart and in truth1 ,and fancy shall pay thee thy love back in skill2 ,thou shalt be all the birds of the air at thy will4 --,f4 ,w4 ,,faber4 ,,the ,,first ,,crusade ,i4 ,,causes ,,of ,,the ,,crusades ,mecca inhabitants shrewd apostles ,medina increased conquered crusades ,mohammed idolatry zealous hermit ,about six hundred years after the birth of ,christ1 a child named ,mohammed was born in the city of ,mecca in ,arabia4 ,the father of ,mohammed died when the child was still a babe1 and his mother was very poor4 ,during his boyhood he earned a scanty living by tending the flocks of his neighbors1 and much of his time was spent in the desert4 ,even when young1 ,mohammed seemed to be religious4 ,he often went to a cave a few miles from ,mecca1 and stayed there alone for days at a time4 ,he claimed that he had visions in which the angel ,gabriel came down to him1 and told him many things which he should tell the people of ,arabia4 ,when he was forty years old1 he went forth to preach1 saying that he was the prophet of ,god4 ,at the end of three years he had forty followers4 ,the people of ,mecca1 however1 did not believe him to be a prophet4 ,they were for the most part idolaters1 and as ,mohammed preached against idolatry1 they finally drove him from the city4 ,he and his followers then went to the city of ,medina4 ,the inhabitants of that city received them kindly1 and ,mohammed was able to raise an army with which to overcome his enemies4 ,mohammed was a very shrewd man1 and among other things he was careful to teach his followers that the hour of each man's death was fixed4 ,hence one was as safe in battle as at home4 ,this belief1 of course1 helped his soldiers to fight bravely4 ,the number of ,mohammed's followers now increased very fast2 and ten years after his flight to ,medina1 he returned to ,mecca at the head of forty thousand pilgrims4 ,soon all ,arabia was converted to his faith1 and idolatry was no longer known in ,mecca4 ,after ,mohammed's death1 his followers formed the plan of converting the whole world by means of the sword4 ,in course of time their armies overran ,persia1 ,egypt1 and northern ,africa4 ,they also entered ,spain1 and having established themselves there1 they hoped to conquer the whole of ,europe4 ,soon the ,moslems1 as the followers of ,mohammed were called1 took possession of ,palestine and of ,jerusalem1 where was the sacred tomb of our ,saviour4 ,after the earliest churches had been established by the apostles of ,christ1 it had been the custom of ,christians to make pilgrimages to ,jerusalem to see the tomb of our ,saviour4 ,each pilgrim carried a palm branch and wore a cockleshell in his hat4 ,the branch was the token of victory2 the shell a sign that the sea had been crossed4 ,after the ,moslems had gained possession of the ,holy ,land1 as ,palestine is often called1 the pilgrims often suffered much from persecution4 ,then1 too1 they were required to pay a large sum for permission to visit the tomb and other sacred places4 ,illustration3 ,,church ,,of ,,the ,,holy ,,sepulcher 7,present ,day7 ,it was to free the pilgrims1 who came from ,europe1 from this persecution that the crusades1 or holy wars1 were undertaken4 ,these crusades were begun through the efforts of one zealous man1 a priest commonly known as 8,peter the ,hermit40 ,,ii4 ,,peter ,,the ,,hermit pilgrimage exposure admittance enthusiasm resurrection sanction earnestly separated cardinals council military ,constantinople ,peter the ,hermit was born in ,france4 ,he was in turn a soldier1 a priest1 and a hermit4 ,at length he made a pilgrimage to the ,holy ,land4 ,on reaching ,jerusalem1 he saw with such sadness the wrongs suffered by the ,christians that he said in his heart1 8,i will rescue the tomb of our ,lord from the heathen40 ,during his stay in the ,holy ,city1 he went often to the ,church of the ,resurrection4 ,one day he beheld in a vision the ,lord1 who directed him to go forth and do his work4 ,he at once returned to ,europe4 ,his plan was to raise a great army and with it drive the ,moslems from the ,holy ,land4 ,but he must first obtain the consent and aid of ,pope ,urban ,,ii4 ,so he traveled to ,rome and was permitted to tell the ,pope his plan4 ,what a picture they made6 ,the ,pope sat in state clothed in rich robes4 ,his cardinals and attendants were around him4 ,before him stood the pilgrim1 his face tanned with exposure and his clothes all travel-stained1 telling of the grievous wrongs suffered by the ,christians in ,jerusalem4 ,no wonder ,pope ,urban wept4 ,the ,pope gave his sanction to ,peter to preach throughout ,europe1 urging the people to go and rescue the blessed tomb4 ,illustration3 ,,peter ,,the ,,hermit ,,preaching ,,the ,,crusade ,peter1 light of heart but strong of purpose1 started forth in the year #ajid4 ,he was clad in a woolen garment over which he wore a coarse brown mantle4 ,his feet and head he left bare4 ,he was a small man1 and if you had seen him1 you would not have called him fine looking4 ,still1 he was never refused admittance into the presence of prince or king4 ,the poor loved him for his gentleness1 and the rich loaded him with gifts4 ,these1 however1 he never kept for himself1 but gave to those who were in need4 ,at ,clermont1 in ,november1 #ajie1 the ,pope held a council of all the cardinals1 bishops1 and priests who stood high in the ,church4 ,he told them what ,peter meant to do1 asking them to render him aid4 ,so earnestly did he speak1 that when he had finished1 they all shouted together1 8,god wills it6 ,god wills it60 8,then10 said ,pope ,urban1 8let the army of the ,lord when it rushes upon its enemies shout that cry1 #8,god wills it4'0 ,he commanded all who should take up arms in the cause to wear on the shoulder a cross1 reminding them that ,christ had said1 8,he that does not take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me40 ,this is why the wars were called the ,crusades1 for the word 8crusade0 means literally 8the taking of the cross40 ,a great army was soon assembled and ready to march4 ,all the men were eager and wild with enthusiasm1 but most of them had never had any military training4 ,how would they succeed in that long and toilsome journey across sea and land to ,palestine8 ,they soon began to meet with trouble4 ,in their haste1 they had not provided nearly enough food for themselves4 ,when that gave out1 they began to take whatever they needed from the people along the way4 ,in ,hungary they did much harm to towns and farms4 ,this made the inhabitants very angry1 and they came out to fight the crusaders4 ,many of the crusaders were killed and the rest were scattered in flight4 ,at length ,peter was separated from his followers1 and wandered for some time alone in the forest4 ,then1 in order to make his whereabouts known to any who might be in the same forest or near1 he blew his horn4 ,in answer to his call several companies of his friends soon appeared4 ,so with only a small number of those who at first started out1 ,peter at length reached ,constantinople4 ,at that time ,constantinople was the capital of the ,roman ,empire in the ,east and its ruler was the ,emperor ,alexis4 ,the emperor received the crusaders kindly4 ,here ,peter the ,hermit was rejoined by a large force of his followers who had been separated from him during the march4 ,after leaving ,constantinople1 the crusaders entered the land of the ,turks1 through which they must march before reaching the ,holy ,land4 ,a terrible battle was soon fought with the ,moslems1 and most of the crusaders perished4 ,peter now saw that with the few men who were left he could do nothing2 he therefore decided to find a place of security among the mountains and wait there until aid should come4 ,there we shall leave him for a time4 ,,iii4 ,,knighthood ,,in ,,the ,,crusades chivalry tournaments modesty archery jousts avenge obedience sponsors ,when ,pope ,urban ,,ii called the council of ,clermont1 and so many men of all ranks stitched upon their shoulders the cross of red silk1 the ,age of ,chivalry in ,europe had already begun4 ,the word 8chivalry0 is from a ,french word which means rider of a horse4 ,so1 when we speak of the ,age of ,chivalry1 we picture to ourselves knights riding their horses and engaging in real or mock battles4 ,the mock battles were called jousts or tournaments1 and they were the chief amusement of the time4 ,noble lords and beautiful ladies were present and watched the contest from raised seats as we now watch ball games4 ,the real battles had many causes4 ,sometimes one prince would quarrel with a neighboring prince and settle the dispute by war4 ,sometimes a body of knights would go forth to avenge a wrong4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,knight ,,of ,,the ,,crusades ,sometimes a king would call upon his knights to go with him to conquer some neighboring country4 ,the knights were therefore always ready for war4 ,every boy1 if he were the son of a noble1 at about the age of seven was sent to the castle or court of some prince or king1 as a page4 ,here he was taught modesty and obedience1 hunting1 riding1 archery1 and the hurling of the lance4 ,when he had become skillful in these he might bear the shield of his master4 ,he was then a squire4 ,he must know no fear1 and must not boast of his own deeds4 ,he must defend the weak and be ever courteous to ladies4 ,at feasts he must carve the meats and wait upon the guests4 ,when he reached the age of twenty-one1 the squire might be made a knight4 ,this was often a very pretty ceremony4 ,the squire would come before his lord and a great party of nobles1 dressed in armor1 except the helmet1 sword1 and spurs4 ,several nobles would offer themselves as sponsors1 declaring that they were sure he would prove himself noble and brave4 ,then the squire was struck lightly on the shoulders with the sword of his master4 ,at the same time his master repeated these words1 8,i dub thee knight in the name of ,god and ,st4 ,michael2 be faithful1 bold1 and fortunate40 ,the knight then went forth to do some deed by which to 8win his spurs40 ,sometimes1 before being knighted1 the young squire was left in the chapel of the castle all night4 ,here he guarded his armor1 and by devout and continuous prayer invoked the blessing of ,god upon himself and whatever cause he should undertake4 ,urged by the preaching of ,peter the ,hermit and the encouragement of ,pope ,urban1 the knights of ,western ,europe took up the cause of the crusades4 ,soon after the departure of ,peter with his untrained host of followers1 a gallant army1 led by two famous knights1 ,godfrey of ,bouillon and ,tancred1 an ,italian knight1 began its march to the ,holy ,land4 ,peter at last succeeded in joining them with the few men who were left with him1 and together they advanced to ,jerusalem4 ,,iv4 ,,godfrey ,,of ,,bouillon material scarcity missiles recognized exhaust devices signals ,saracens ,many are the tales that are told of the knightly leaders in this first crusade1 and many were their adventures4 ,it was on the #bith of ,may1 #ajii1 that the ,christian army first came into full view of the ,holy ,city4 ,filled with new zeal at the sight1 every man shouted1 8,it is the will of ,god40 ,the city1 however1 had been fortified in every possible way1 and ,godfrey1 who was in command1 knew it would be a hard task to mount the high walls4 ,he was certain that battering-rams would be necessary to break down the walls1 but how were they to obtain the material to make them8 ,the barren country around afforded nothing of which they could make use4 ,to transport the timber from a distance would exhaust both men and horses which were already suffering from scarcity of water and food4 ,at last news came that a fleet had arrived from ,genoa with siege machines and supplies4 ,the crusaders hastened to the nearest seaport1 but found that their enemies had been before them and destroyed the fleet4 ,still they were able to pick up much of the material and many of the instruments used in the making of the machines4 ,some of the ,genoese who were skilled in handicraft put together a few wooden towers and other devices which were of great use in surmounting and breaking down the walls4 ,bridges were also thrown out1 over the walls1 by which the soldiers could pass into the city4 ,on ,thursday morning1 ,july #ad1 #ajii1 the crusaders made the first attack with their wooden towers4 ,the ,saracens1 as the ,mohammedans were called by the crusaders1 met them with missiles of all sorts1 which they threw upon them4 ,the crusaders soon made a breach in the wall1 but still could not enter the city4 ,early the next morning the attack was renewed4 ,a procession of priests was formed and moved about through the throng1 encouraging the knights4 ,a pigeon was captured1 and under its wing a note was found telling the ,saracen commander that help was at hand4 ,this stirred the ,christians to still fiercer attack4 ,suddenly there appeared to the host a horseman clothed in white4 ,the crusaders at once recognized the vision of ,st4 ,george4 8,st4 ,george has come to our assistance10 ,godfrey exclaimed4 8,he signals to enter the ,holy ,city40 ,illustration3 ,,jerusalem ,,taken ,,by ,,the ,,crusaders ,again arose the cry1 8,god wills it6 ,god wills it60 ,godfrey commanded the attack to be renewed4 ,the hay which the ,saracens had heaped up against the walls to deaden the shock of the battering-rams was set on fire4 ,the ,saracens1 stifled by the smoke1 leaped from the walls4 ,then the tower bridges were let fall1 and soon ,godfrey and other knights forced their way into the city4 ,after the capture of the ,holy ,city1 ,godfrey was chosen king of ,jerusalem1 or ,defender of the ,faith4 ,but he lived only about a year to enjoy that high distinction4 ,v4 ,,tancred patrolled cautiously finally renowned endurance ,antioch endeared approached ,tancred was known among his followers for his unselfishness4 ,he seemed never to become weary4 ,if a comrade complained of a duty1 he himself would perform it4 ,he patrolled walls at night1 fought by day1 and by his own endurance of labor and hard fare sought to set an example for his men4 ,one night1 when he was standing guard with only his squire as companion1 he was attacked by three armed ,saracens on horseback4 ,they came upon him quickly1 thinking1 of course1 that they could easily overcome him4 ,they did not know that the blade of this renowned warrior could cleave their heavy armor as if it were cloth4 ,on came the first horseman and down came ,tancred's sword4 ,the ,saracen fell4 ,the next1 who had seen the first one fall1 waited for the third4 ,very cautiously they approached side by side1 but they soon fared the same as their companion4 ,it was ,tancred who took possession of ,bethlehem4 ,he was made ruler over that part of the ,holy ,land1 but hearing that ,antioch was threatened by the ,saracens1 he went to its relief4 ,for three years he held it against the unbelievers4 ,tancred's cousin1 ,bohemond1 who was the rightful ruler of ,antioch1 was held as prisoner by the ,saracen commander2 but finally ,tancred succeeded in setting his cousin free4 ,he at once gave up to his cousin the entire rule1 although he had so endeared himself to the people that they besought him to remain4 ,a battle wound was the cause of ,tancred's death4 ,he met his fate bravely1 and died with the purpose of saving the ,holy ,land still uppermost in his heart4 99 99 99 99 99 ,between the years #ajie and #abgj there were eight crusades1 all undertaken for the purpose of delivering the ,holy ,land from the ,saracens4 ,while they failed to accomplish that object1 they were still of great benefit to the ,church and civilization4 ,they made the people better acquainted with the geography and history of other lands1 and led to an increase of trade and industry throughout the known world4 ,,how ,,the ,,robin ,,came tortures genesis hovering myth chieftain human wampum pity ,happy young friends1 sit by me1 ,under ,may's blown apple tree1 ,while these home birds in and out ,through the blossoms flit about4 ,hear a story strange and old1 ,by the wild red ,indians told4 ,how the robin came to be3 ,once a great chief left his son1-- ,well-beloved1 his only one1-- ,when the boy was well-nigh grown1 ,in the trial lodge alone4 ,left for tortures long and slow ,youths like him must undergo1 ,who their pride of manhood test1 ,lacking water1 food1 and rest4 ,seven days the fast he kept1 ,seven nights he never slept4 ,then the young boy1 wrung with pain1 ,weak from nature's overstrain1 ,faltering1 moaned a low complaint1 8,spare me1 father1 for ,i faint60 ,but the chieftain1 haughty-eyed1 ,hid his pity in his pride4 8,you shall be a hunter good1 ,knowing never lack of food2 ,you shall be a warrior great1 ,wise as fox and strong as bear2 ,many scalps your belt shall wear1 ,if with patient heart you wait ,bravely till your task is done4 ,better you should starving die ,than that boy and squaw should cry ,shame upon your father's son60 ,when next morn the sun's first rays ,glistened on the hemlock sprays1 ,straight that lodge the old chief sought1 ,and boiled samp and moose meat brought4 8,rise and eat1 my son60 he said4 ,lo1 he found the poor boy dead6 ,as with grief his grave they made1 ,and his bow beside him laid1 ,pipe1 and knife1 and wampum braid1 ,on the lodge top overhead1 ,preening smooth its breast of red ,and the brown coat that it wore1 ,sat a bird1 unknown before4 ,and as if with human tongue1 8,mourn me not10 it said1 or sung2 8,i1 a bird1 am still your son1 ,happier than if hunter fleet1 ,or a brave1 before your feet ,laying scalps in battle won4 ,friend of man1 my song shall cheer ,lodge and corn land2 hovering near1 ,to each wigwam ,i shall bring ,tidings of the coming spring2 ,every child my voice shall know ,in the moon of melting snow1 ,when the maple's red bud swells1 ,and the windflower lifts its bells4 ,as their fond companion ,men shall henceforth own your son1 ,and my song shall testify ,that of human kin am ,i40 ,thus the ,indian legend saith ,how1 at first1 the robin came ,with a sweeter life than death1 ,bird for boy1 and still the same4 ,if my young friends doubt that this ,is the robin's genesis1 ,not in vain is still the myth ,if a truth be found therewith3 ,unto gentleness belong ,gifts unknown to pride and wrong2 ,happier far than hate is praise1-- ,he who sings than he who slays4 --,,john ,g4 ,,whittier4 ,,how ,,st4 ,,francis ,,preached ,,to ,,the ,,birds fervor abandon salvation penance triple multitude substance raiment refuge creator preserved element marveled benefits ingratitude providence ,one day when ,st4 ,francis was in a village of ,italy1 he began to preach2 and first of all he commanded the swallows who were singing that they should keep silence until he had done preaching1 and the swallows obeyed him4 ,and he preached with so much fervor that all the men and women in that village were minded to go forth and abandon the village4 ,but ,st4 ,francis suffered them not1 and said to them3 8,do not be in haste1 and do not go hence1 and ,i will order that which you must do for the salvation of your souls20 and then he thought of his third order for the salvation of the whole world4 ,and he left them much comforted and well disposed to penance2 and he departed thence4 ,and passing along1 in fervor of soul1 he lifted up his eyes and saw many trees standing by the way1 and filled with a countless multitude of little birds2 at which ,st4 ,francis wondered1 and said to his companions1 8,wait a little for me in the road1 and ,i will go and preach to my sisters the birds40 ,and he entered into the field1 and began to preach to the birds that were on the ground4 ,and suddenly1 those that were in the trees came around him1 and together they all remained silent1 so long as it pleased ,st4 ,francis to speak2 and even after he had finished they would not depart until he had given them his blessing4 ,and according as it was afterwards related1 ,st4 ,francis went among them and touched them with his cloak1 and none of them moved4 ,the substance of the sermon was this3 8,my little sisters1 the birds1 you are much beholden to ,god your creator1 and in all places you ought to praise ,him1 because ,he has given you liberty to fly about in all places1 and has given you double and triple raiment4 ,know also that ,he preserved your race in the ark of ,noe that your species might not perish4 8,and again you are beholden to ,him for the element of air1 which ,he has appointed for you2 and for this also that you never sow nor reap1 but ,god feeds you and gives you the brooks and fountains for your drink1 the mountains and valleys also for your refuge1 and the tall trees wherein to make your nests4 ,and since you know neither how to sew nor how to spin1 ,god clothes you1 you and your young ones4 ,wherefore your creator loves you much1 since ,he has bestowed on you so many benefits4 ,and therefore beware1 my little sisters1 of the sin of ingratitude1 and study always to please ,god40 ,as ,st4 ,francis spoke thus to them1 all the multitude of these birds opened their beaks1 and stretched out their necks1 and opened their wings2 and reverently bowing their heads to the earth1 by their acts and by their songs they showed that the words of the holy father gave them the greatest delight4 ,and ,st4 ,francis rejoiced1 and was glad with them1 and marveled much at such a multitude of birds1 and at their beautiful variety1 and their attention and familiarity2 for all which he devoutly praised their creator in them4 ,finally1 having finished his sermon1 ,st4 ,francis made the sign of the cross over them1 and gave them leave to depart4 ,thereupon1 all those birds arose in the air1 with wonderful singing2 and after the fashion of the sign of the cross which ,st4 ,francis had made over them1 they divided themselves into four parts2 and one part flew toward the east1 and another to the west1 another to the south1 and another to the north4 ,then1 all departing1 they went their way singing wonderful songs1 signifying by this that as ,st4 ,francis1 standard bearer of the cross of ,christ1 had preached to them1 made on them the sign of the cross1 after which they had divided themselves1 going to the four parts of the world1 so the preaching of the cross of ,christ1 renewed by ,st4 ,francis1 should be carried by him and by his brothers to the whole world1 and that these brothers1 after the fashion of the birds1 should possess nothing of their own in this world1 but commit their lives solely to the providence of ,god4 --,from 8,,little ,,flowers ,,of ,,st4 ,,francis40 99 99 99 99 99 ,teach me1 ,o lark6 with thee to gently rise1 ,to exalt my soul and lift it to the skies4 --,,edmund ,,burke4 ,,the ,,petrified ,,fern petrified holiday avalanches design delicate reveled mysteries haughty mammoth veinings fissure holiday ,in a valley1 centuries ago1 ,grew a little fern leaf1 green and slender1 ,veining delicate and fibers tender2 ,waving when the wind crept down so low2 ,rushes tall1 and moss1 and grass grew round it1 ,playful sunbeams darted in and found it1 ,drops of dew stole in by night and crowned it1 ,but no foot of man e'er trod that way2 ,earth was young and keeping holiday4 ,monster fishes swam the silent main1 ,stately forests waved their giant branches1 ,mountains hurled their snowy avalanches1 ,mammoth creatures stalked across the plain2 ,nature reveled in grand mysteries2 ,but the little fern was not of these1 ,did not number with the hills and trees1 ,only grew and waved its wild sweet way1-- ,no one came to note it day by day4 ,earth1 one time1 put on a frolic mood1 ,heaved the rocks and changed the mighty motion ,of the deep1 strong currents of the ocean2 ,moved the plain and shook the haughty wood1 ,crushed the little fern in soft moist clay1 ,covered it1 and hid it safe away4 ,oh1 the long1 long centuries since that day6 ,oh1 the agony1 oh1 life's bitter cost1 ,since that useless little fern was lost6 ,useless6 ,lost6 ,there came a thoughtful man ,searching ,nature's secrets1 far and deep2 ,from a fissure in a rocky steep ,he withdrew a stone1 o'er which there ran ,fairy pencilings1 a quaint design1 ,veinings1 leafage1 fibers clear and fine1 ,and the fern's life lay in every line6 ,so1 ,i think1 ,god hides some souls away1 ,sweetly to surprise us the last day4 --,,mary ,l4 ,,bolles ,,branch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the purest treasure mortal times afford ,is spotless reputation3 that away1 ,men are but gilded loam or painted clay4 --,,shakespeare4 ,,bird ,,enemies ,i recognize honor innocent complimentary assassin retorts bugaboo apparently suspect thrush social intolerable ,how surely the birds know their enemies6 ,see how the wrens and robins and bluebirds pursue and scold the cat1 while they take little or no notice of the dog6 ,even the swallow will fight the cat1 and1 relying too confidently upon its powers of flight1 sometimes swoops down so near to its enemy that it is caught by a sudden stroke of the cat's paw4 ,the only case ,i know of in which our small birds fail to recognize their enemy is furnished by the shrike2 apparently the little birds do not know that this modest-colored bird is an assassin4 ,at least1 ,i have never seen them scold or molest him1 or utter any outcries at his presence1 as they usually do at birds of prey4 ,but the birds have nearly all found out the trick of the jay1 and when he comes sneaking through the trees in ,may and ,june in quest of eggs1 he is quickly exposed and roundly abused4 ,it is amusing to see the robins hustle him out of the tree which holds their nest4 ,they cry1 8,thief6 thief60 to the top of their voices as they charge upon him1 and the jay retorts in a voice scarcely less complimentary as he makes off4 ,the jays have their enemies also1 and need to keep an eye on their own eggs4 ,it would be interesting to know if jays ever rob jays1 or crows plunder crows2 or is there honor among thieves even in the feathered tribes8 ,i suspect the jay is often punished by birds which are otherwise innocent of nest robbing4 ,illustration ,one season ,i found a jay's nest in a cedar on the side of a wooded ridge4 ,it held five eggs1 every one of which had been punctured4 ,apparently some bird had driven its sharp beak through their shells1 with the sole intention of destroying them1 for no part of the contents of the eggs had been removed4 ,it looked like a case of revenge--as if some thrush or warbler1 whose nest had suffered at the hands of the jays1 had watched its opportunity1 and had in this way retaliated upon its enemies4 ,an egg for an egg4 ,the jays were lingering near1 very demure and silent1 and probably ready to join a crusade against nest robbers4 ,the great bugaboo of the birds is the owl4 ,the owl snatches them from off their roosts at night1 and gobbles up their eggs and young in their nests4 ,he is a veritable ogre to them1 and his presence fills them with consternation and alarm4 ,one season1 to protect my early cherries1 ,i placed a large stuffed owl amid the branches of the tree4 ,such a racket as there instantly began about my grounds is not pleasant to think upon4 ,the orioles and robins fairly 8shrieked out their affright40 ,the news instantly spread in every direction1 and apparently every bird in town came to see that owl in the cherry tree1 and every bird took a cherry1 so that ,i lost more fruit than if ,i had left the owl indoors4 ,with craning necks and horrified looks the birds alighted upon the branches1 and between their screams would snatch off a cherry1 as if the act was some relief to their feelings4 ,the chirp and chatter of the young of birds which build in concealed or inclosed places1 like the woodpeckers1 the house wren1 the high-hoe1 the oriole1 etc41 is in marked contrast to the silence of the fledgelings of most birds that build open and exposed nests4 ,the young of the sparrows1 warblers1 flycatchers1 thrushes1 etc41 never allow a sound to escape them2 and on the alarm note of their parents being heard1 sit especially close and motionless1 while the young of chimney swallows1 woodpeckers1 and orioles are very noisy4 ,the owl1 ,i suspect1 thrusts its leg into the cavities of woodpeckers and into the pocket-like nest of the oriole1 and clutches and brings forth the birds in its talons4 ,in one case1 a screech owl had thrust its claw into a cavity in a tree1 and grasped the head of a red-headed woodpecker2 being apparently unable to draw its prey forth1 it had thrust its own round head into the hole1 and in some way became fixed there1 and had thus died with the woodpecker in its talons4 ,,ii mishap tragedies desiccated vicinity tragic vermin intolerable purgatory comic couple cavity explosion ,the life of birds is beset with dangers and mishaps of which we know little4 ,one day1 in my walk1 ,i came upon a goldfinch with the tip of one wing securely fastened to the feathers of its back1 by what appeared to be the silk of some caterpillar4 ,the bird1 though uninjured1 was completely crippled1 and could not fly a stroke4 ,its little body was hot and panting in my hands as ,i carefully broke the fetter4 ,then it darted swiftly away with a happy cry4 ,a record of all the accidents and tragedies of bird life for a single season would show many curious incidents4 ,a friend of mine opened his box stove one fall to kindle a fire in it1 when he beheld in the black interior the desiccated forms of two bluebirds4 ,the birds had probably taken refuge in the chimney during some cold spring storm1 and had come down the pipe to the stove1 from whence they were unable to ascend4 ,a peculiarly touching little incident of bird life occurred to a caged canary4 ,it laid some eggs1 and was so carried away by its feelings that it would offer food to the eggs1 and chatter and twitter1 trying1 as it seemed1 to encourage them to eat4 ,the incident is hardly tragic1 neither is it comic4 ,certain birds nest in the vicinity of our houses and outbuildings1 or even in and upon them1 for protection from their enemies1 but they often thus expose themselves to plague of the most deadly character4 ,i refer to the vermin with which their nests often swarm1 and which kill the young before they are fledged4 ,in a state of nature this probably never happens2 at least ,i have never seen or heard of it happening to nests placed in trees or under rocks4 ,it is the curse of civilization falling upon the birds which come too near man4 ,the vermin is probably conveyed to the nest in hen's feathers1 or in straws and hairs picked up about the barn or henhouse4 ,a robin's nest will occasionally become an intolerable nuisance from the swarms upon swarms of minute vermin with which it is filled4 ,the parent birds stem the tide as long as they can1 but are often compelled to leave the young to their terrible fate4 ,one season a phbe bird built on a projecting stone under the eaves of the house1 and all appeared to go well till the young were nearly fledged1 when the nest suddenly became a bit of purgatory4 ,the birds kept their places till they could hold out no longer1 when they leaped forth and fell dead upon the ground4 ,after a delay of a week or more1 during which ,i imagine the parent birds purified themselves by every means known to them1 the couple built another nest a few yards from the first1 and proceeded to rear a second brood2 but the new nest developed into the same bed of torment that the first did1 and the three young birds1 nearly ready to fly1 perished as they sat within it4 ,the parent birds then left the place4 ,i imagine the smaller birds have an enemy in our native white-footed mouse1 though ,i have not proof enough to convict him4 ,but one season the nest of a chickadee which ,i was observing was broken up in a position where nothing but a mouse could have reached it4 ,the bird had chosen a cavity in the limb of an apple tree which stood but a few yards from the house4 ,the cavity was deep1 and the entrance to it1 which was ten feet from the ground1 was small4 ,barely light enough was admitted to enable one to make out the number of eggs1 which was six1 at the bottom of the dim interior4 ,while one was peering in and trying to get his head out of his own light1 the bird would startle him by a queer kind of puffing sound4 ,she would not leave her nest like most birds1 but really tried to blow1 or scare1 the intruder away2 and after repeated experiments ,i could hardly refrain from jerking my head back when that little explosion of sound came up from the dark interior4 ,one night the nest was harried4 ,a slight trace of hair or fur at the entrance led me to infer that some small animal was the robber4 ,a weasel might have done it1 as they sometimes climb trees1 but ,i doubt if either a squirrel or a rat could have passed the entrance4 ,a pair of the least flycatchers1 the bird which is a small edition of the pewee1 one season built their nest where ,i had them for many hours each day under my observation4 ,the nest was a very snug and compact structure placed in the forks of a small maple about twelve feet from the ground4 ,the season before a red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush in this same tree1 and ,i was apprehensive that he would serve the flycatchers the same trick2 so1 as ,i sat with my book in a summerhouse near by1 ,i kept my loaded gun within easy reach4 ,one egg was laid1 and the next morning1 as ,i made my daily inspection of the nest1 only a fragment of its empty shell was to be found4 ,this ,i removed1 mentally imprecating the rogue of a red squirrel4 ,the birds were much disturbed by the event1 but after much inspection of it and many consultations together1 concluded1 it seems1 to try again4 ,two more eggs were laid1 when one day ,i heard the birds utter a sharp cry1 and on looking up ,i saw a cat-bird perched upon the rim of the nest1 hastily devouring the eggs4 ,i soon regretted my precipitation in killing her1 because such interference is generally unwise4 ,it turned out that she had a nest of her own with five eggs in a spruce tree near my window4 ,then this pair of little flycatchers did what ,i had never seen birds do before3 they pulled the nest to pieces and rebuilt it in a peach tree not many rods away1 where a brood was successfully reared4 ,the nest was here exposed to the direct rays of the noonday sun1 and to shield her young when the heat was greatest1 the mother-bird would stand above them with wings slightly spread1 as other birds have been known to do under like circumstances4 ,,iii peculiar species expressive courage curious dismay desperate assault subtle rescue deranged enemy ,probably the darkest tragedy of the nest is enacted when a snake plunders it4 ,all birds and animals1 so far as ,i have observed1 behave in a peculiar manner toward a snake4 ,they seem to feel something of the same loathing toward it that the human species experience4 ,the bark of a dog when he encounters a snake is different from that which he gives out on any other occasion2 it is a mingled note of alarm1 inquiry1 and disgust4 ,one day a tragedy was enacted a few yards from where ,i was sitting with a book3 two song sparrows were trying to defend their nest against a black snake4 ,the curious1 interrogating note of a chicken who had suddenly come upon the scene in his walk first caused me to look up from my reading4 ,there were the sparrows1 with wings raised in a way peculiarly expressive of horror and dismay1 rushing about a low clump of grass and bushes4 ,then1 looking more closely1 ,i saw the glistening form of the black snake1 and the quick movement of his head as he tried to seize the birds4 ,the sparrows darted about and through the grass and weeds1 trying to beat the snake off4 ,their tails and wings were spread1 and1 panting with the heat and desperate struggle1 they presented a most singular spectacle4 ,they uttered no cry1 not a sound escaped them2 they were plainly speechless with horror and dismay4 ,not once did they drop their wings1 and the peculiar expression of those uplifted palms1 as it were1 ,i shall never forget4 ,it occurred to me that perhaps here was a case of attempted bird charming on the part of the snake1 so ,i looked on from behind the fence4 ,the birds charged the snake and harassed him from every side1 but were evidently under no spell save that of courage in defending their nest4 ,every moment or two ,i could see the head and neck of the serpent make a sweep at the birds1 when the one struck at would fall back1 and the other would renew the assault4 ,there appeared to be little danger that the snake could strike and hold one of the birds1 though ,i trembled for them1 they were so bold and approached so near to the snake's head4 ,time and again he sprang at them but without success4 ,how the poor things panted1 and held up their wings appealingly6 ,then the snake glided off1 barely escaping the stone which ,i hurled at him4 ,i found the nest rifled and deranged2 whether it had contained eggs or young ,i know not4 ,the male sparrow had cheered me many a day with his song1 and ,i blamed myself for not having rushed at once to the rescue1 when the arch enemy was upon him4 ,there is probably little truth in the popular notion that snakes charm birds4 ,the black snake is the most subtle of our snakes1 and ,i have never seen him have any but young1 helpless birds in his mouth4 --,,john ,,burroughs4 ,,st4 ,,joseph',s ,,month ,o1 holy ,st4 ,joseph6 in thee we confide1 ,be thou our protector1 our father1 our guide2 ,the flowers of our innocent childhood we twine ,in a fragrant white garland of love at thy shrine4 ,st4 ,joseph1 who guided the ,child on ,his way1 ,o1 guide us and guard us and bless us1 we pray6 ,long ago didst thou teach the ,lord ,jesus to speak1 ,and thine arms were ,his strength when ,his footsteps1 were weak2 ,so lend us thy help in the days of our youth ,so teach us to walk in the pathway of truth6 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,christ's early protector and stay1 ,protect us and save us from evil1 we pray6 ,when the years glowing o'er us shall smolder away1 ,when their ashes down-drifting1 shall crown us with gray1 ,still loyal and true may we keep to our vow ,to honor our saint as we honor him now6 ,st4 ,joseph1 who guided the ,child on ,his way1 ,o1 guide us at last to ,his presence1 we pray6 --,h4 ,w4 ,a ,,song ,,of ,,spring ,hark1 the spring6 ,she calls ,with a thousand voices ',mid the echoing forest halls ,one great heart rejoices4 ,hills1 where young lambs bound1 ,whiten o'er with daisies2 ,flag flowers light the lower ground1 ,where the old steer grazes4 ,meadows laugh1 flower-gay2 ,every breeze that passes ,waves the seed-cloud's gleaming gray ,o'er the greener grasses4 ,o thou spring6 be strong1 ,exquisite newcomer6 ,and the onset baffle long ,of advancing summer6 --,,aubrey ,,de ,,vere4 ,,robert ,,bruce ,i4 ,,chased ,,by ,a ,,bloodhound entertaining revenge assemble pursuit dispersed attendant prisoner fugitives resolved oppressed relation retreat ,i will now tell you a story of ,king ,robert ,bruce during his wanderings4 ,his adventures are as entertaining as those which men invent for story books1 with this advantage1 that they are all true4 ,about the time when the ,bruce was yet at the head of but few men1 ,sir ,aymer de ,valence1 who was ,earl of ,pembroke1 together with ,john of ,lorn1 came into ,galloway1 each of them being at the head of a large body of men4 ,john of ,lorn had a bloodhound with him1 which it was said had formerly belonged to ,robert ,bruce himself2 and having been fed by the king with his own hands1 it became attached to him and would follow his footsteps anywhere1 as dogs are well known to trace their masters' steps1 whether they be bloodhounds or not4 ,by means of this hound1 ,john of ,lorn thought he should certainly find out ,bruce1 and take revenge on him for the death of his relation ,comyn4 ,when these two armies advanced upon ,king ,robert1 he at first thought of fighting the ,english earl2 but becoming aware that ,john of ,lorn was moving round with another large body to attack him in the rear1 he resolved to avoid fighting at that time1 lest he should be oppressed by numbers4 ,for this purpose1 the king divided the men he had with him into three bodies1 and commanded them to retreat by three different ways1 thinking the enemy would not know which party to pursue4 ,he also appointed a place at which they were to assemble again4 ,when ,john of ,lorn came to the place where the army of ,bruce had been thus divided1 the bloodhound took his course after one of these divisions1 neglecting the other two1 and then ,john of ,lorn knew that the king must be in that party2 so he also made no pursuit after the two other divisions1 but1 with all his men1 followed that which the dog pointed out4 ,the king again saw that he was followed by a large body1 and being determined to escape from them if possible1 he made all the people who were with him disperse themselves different ways1 thinking thus that the enemy must needs lose trace of him4 ,he kept only one man along with him1 and that was his own foster brother1 or the son of his nurse4 ,when ,john of ,lorn came to the place where ,bruce's companions had dispersed themselves1 the bloodhound1 after it had snuffed up and down for a little1 quitted the footsteps of all the other fugitives1 and ran barking upon the track of two men out of the whole number4 ,then ,john of ,lorn knew that one of these two must be ,king ,robert4 ,accordingly1 he commanded five of his men to chase after him1 and either make him prisoner or slay him4 ,the ,highlanders started off accordingly1 and ran so fast that they gained sight of ,robert and his foster brother4 ,the king asked his companion what help he could give him1 and his foster brother answered he was ready to do his best4 ,so these two turned on the five men of ,john of ,lorn and killed them all4 ,by this time ,bruce was very much fatigued1 and yet they dared not sit down to take any rest2 for whenever they stopped for an instant1 they heard the cry of the bloodhound behind them1 and knew by that that their enemies were coming up fast after them4 ,at length they came to a wood through which ran a small river4 ,then ,bruce said to his foster brother1 8,let us wade down this stream for a great way1 instead of going straight across1 and so this unhappy hound will lose the scent2 for if we were once clear of him1 ,i should not be afraid of getting away from the pursuers40 ,accordingly1 the king and his attendant walked a great way down the stream1 taking care to keep their feet in the water1 which could not retain any scent where they had stepped4 ,then they came ashore on the farther side from the enemy1 and went deep into the wood4 ,in the meanwhile1 the hound led ,john of ,lorn straight to the place where the king went into the water1 but there the dog began to be puzzled1 not knowing where to go next2 for running water cannot retain the scent of a man's foot1 like that which remains on turf4 ,so ,john of ,lorn1 seeing the dog was at fault1 as it is called1 that is1 had lost the track of that which he pursued1 he gave up the chase and returned to join with ,aymer de ,valence4 ,,ii4 ,,in ,,the ,,forest habitation ruffians civilly salutations amazing villains insisted acquainted ,king ,robert's adventures were not yet ended4 ,his foster brother and he walked on in hopes of coming to some habitation4 ,at length1 in the midst of the forest1 they met with three men who looked like thieves or ruffians4 ,they were well armed1 and one of them bore a sheep on his back1 which it seemed as if they had just stolen4 ,they saluted the king civilly2 and he1 replying to their salutations1 asked them where they were going4 ,the men answered they were seeking for ,robert ,bruce1 for that they intended to join with him4 ,the king answered that he would conduct them where they would find the ,scottish king4 ,then the man who had spoken changed countenance1 and ,bruce1 who looked sharply at him1 began to suspect that the ruffian guessed who he was1 and that he and his companions had some design against his person1 in order to gain the reward which had been offered for his life4 ,so he said to them1 8,my good friends1 as we are not well acquainted with each other1 you must go before us1 and we will follow near to you40 8,you have no occasion to suspect any harm from us10 answered the man4 8,neither do ,i suspect any10 said ,bruce2 8but this is the way in which ,i choose to travel40 ,the men did as he commanded1 and thus they traveled till they came together to a waste and ruinous cottage1 where the men proposed to dress some part of the sheep1 which their companion was carrying4 ,the king was glad to hear of food2 but he insisted that there should be two fires kindled1--one for himself and his foster brother at one end of the house1 the other at the other end for their three companions4 ,the men did as he desired4 ,they broiled a quarter of mutton for themselves1 and gave another to the king and his attendant4 ,they were obliged to eat it without bread or salt2 but as they were very hungry1 they were glad to get food in any shape1 and partook of it very heartily4 ,then so heavy a drowsiness fell on ,king ,robert1 that1 for all the danger he was in1 he could not resist an inclination to sleep4 ,but first he desired his foster brother to watch while he slept1 for he had great suspicion of their new acquaintances4 ,his foster brother promised to keep awake1 and did his best to keep his word4 ,but the king had not been long asleep ere his foster brother fell into a deep slumber also1 for he had undergone as much fatigue as the king4 ,when the three villains saw the king and his attendant asleep they made signs to each other1 and1 rising up at once1 drew their swords with the purpose to kill them both4 ,but the king slept lightly1 and for as little noise as the traitors made1 he was awakened by it1 and starting up1 drew his sword and went to meet them4 ,at the same moment he pushed his foster brother with his foot to awaken him1 and he got on his feet2 but ere he had got his eyes cleared to see what was about to happen1 one of the ruffians slew him4 ,the king was now alone1 one man against three1 and in the greatest danger of his life2 but his amazing strength1 and the good armor which he wore1 freed him from this great peril1 and he killed the three men1 one after another4 ,he then left the cottage1 very sorrowful for the death of his faithful foster brother1 and took his direction toward the place where he had appointed his men to assemble4 ,,iii4 ,,at ,,the ,,farmhouse gallant fidelity weariness mischief trusty faithful sentinels mentioned ,it was now near night1 and the place of meeting being a farmhouse1 ,bruce went boldly into it1 where he found the mistress1 an old1 true-hearted ,scotswoman1 sitting alone4 ,upon seeing a stranger enter1 she asked him who he was4 ,the king answered that he was a traveler1 who was journeying through the country4 8,all travelers10 answered the good woman1 8are welcome here for the sake of one40 8,and who is that one10 said the king1 8for whose sake you make all travelers welcome80 8,it is our rightful king1 ,robert the ,bruce10 answered the mistress1 8who is the lawful lord of this country2 and although he is now pursued with hounds and horns1 ,i hope to live to see him king over all ,scotland40 8,since you love him so well1 dame10 said the king1 8know that you see him before you4 ,i am ,robert the ,bruce40 8,you60 said the good woman1 8and wherefore are you thus alone8--where are all your men80 8,i have none with me at this moment10 answered ,bruce1 8and therefore ,i must travel alone40 8,but that shall not be10 said the brave old dame2 8for ,i have two sons1 gallant and trusty men1 who shall be your servants for life and death40 ,so she brought her two sons1 and though she well knew the dangers to which she exposed them1 she made them swear fidelity to the king2 and they afterward became high officers in his service4 ,now the loyal old woman was getting everything ready for the king's supper1 when suddenly there was a great trampling of horses heard round the house4 ,they thought it must be some of the ,english1 or ,john of ,lorn's men1 and the good wife called upon her sons to fight to the last for ,king ,robert4 ,but shortly after they heard the voice of the good ,lord ,james of ,douglas1 and of ,edward ,bruce1 the king's brother1 who had come with a hundred and fifty horsemen to this farmhouse4 ,robert the ,bruce1 forgetting hunger and weariness1 began to inquire where the enemy who had pursued them so long had taken up their abode for the night2 8for10 said he1 8as they must suppose us totally scattered and fled1 it is likely that they will think themselves quite secure1 and keep careless watch40 8,that is very true10 answered ,james of ,douglas1 8for ,i passed a village where there are two hundred of them quartered1 who had placed no sentinels2 and if you have a mind1 we may surprise them1 and do them more mischief than they have done us40 ,then there was nothing but mount and ride2 and as the ,scots came by surprise on the body of ,english whom ,douglas had mentioned1 and rushed suddenly into the village where they were quartered1 they easily dispersed and cut them to pieces4 --,,sir ,,walter ,,scott4 8,,when ,,evening ,,shades ,,are ,,falling0 ,when evening shades are falling ,o'er ocean's sunny sleep1 ,to pilgrims' hearts recalling ,their home beyond the deep2 ,when rest1 o'er all descending1 ,the shores with gladness smile1 ,and lutes1 their echoes blending1 ,are heard from isle to isle3 ,then1 ,mary1 ,star of the ,sea1 ,we pray1 we pray1 to thee4 ,the noonday tempest over ,now ocean toils no more1 ,and wings of halcyons hover1 ,where all was strife before2 ,oh1 thus may life1 in closing ,its short tempestuous day1 ,beneath heaven's smile reposing1 ,shine all its storms away3 ,thus1 ,mary1 ,star of the ,sea1 ,we pray1 we pray1 to thee4 --,,thomas ,,moore4 ,,the ,,reindeer ,adapted from 8,the ,red ,book of ,animal ,stories40 ,copyright1 #ahii1 by ,longmans1 ,green1 ,company4 ,used by permission4 nourishing excellent sinews immense delicacy especially crevices sociable ,illustration ,there is perhaps no other animal in the world so useful as the reindeer1 at least none that can be put to so many uses4 ,the flesh of a sheep is eaten1 and its wool is woven into cloth2 but then we should never think of harnessing a sheep even to a baby carriage4 ,a camel serves1 in the desert1 the purpose of a van and of a riding horse in one1 and his hair makes warm garments2 but he would give us a very ill-tasting dinner1 and the same may be said of some other useful creatures4 ,a reindeer1 however1 is good to eat1 and makes an excellent steed2 its milk is nourishing2 the softer parts of its horns1 when properly prepared1 are considered a delicacy2 the bones are turned to account as tools2 the sinews are twisted into thread1 and1 all the long winter1 the skin and hair keep the dwellers in the far ,north snug and warm4 ,take away the reindeer1 and the inhabitants of every country north of latitude #fj would feel as helpless as we should in ,england if there were no more sheep or cows6 ,reindeer live1 by choice1 on the slopes of mountains1 and require no better food than the moss1 or little alpine plants1 which they find growing in the crevices of the rock4 ,sometimes1 in very cold places1 or when the winter is particularly severe1 they take shelter in the forest2 but when spring is in the air once more1 out they come in great herds1 thin and sore from the bites of newly awakened insects1 and wander away in search of fresher pasture4 ,in ,august and ,september1 when the sun has grown too strong for them1 they seek the shade of the woods again4 ,in their wild state reindeer are great travelers1 and as they are very strong1 and excellent swimmers1 they go immense distances1 especially the reindeer of ,north ,america1 who will cross the ice to ,greenland in the early part of the year1 and stay there till the end of ,october1 when they come back to their old quarters4 ,they are most sociable creatures1 and are never happy unless they have three or four hundred companions1 while herds of a thousand have sometimes been counted4 ,the females and calves are always placed in front1 and the big bucks bring up the rear1 to see that nobody falls out of the ranks from weakness4 ,like many animals that live in the ,north1 the color of the reindeer is different in winter from what it is in summer4 ,twice a year he changes his coat1 and the immense thick covering which has been so comfortable all through the fierce cold1 begins to fall in early spring and a short hair to take its place1 so that by the time summer comes1 he is nice and cool1 and looks quite another creature from what he did in the winter4 ,as the days shorten and grow frosty1 the coat becomes longer and closer1 and by the time the first snow falls the deer is quite prepared to meet it4 ,though reindeer prefer mountain sides when they can get them1 their broad and wide-cleft hoofs are well adapted for the lowlands of the ,north of ,europe and of ,america1 which are a morass in summer and a snow-field in winter4 ,here are to be seen whole herds of them1 either walking with a regular rapid step1 or else going at a quick trot2 but in either case always making a peculiar crackling noise with their feet4 ,they have an acute sense of smell1 and will detect a man at a distance of five or six hundred paces1 and as their eyes are as good as their ears1 the huntsman has much ado to get up to them4 ,they are dainty in their food1 choosing out only the most delicate of the alpine plants1 and their skins cannot be as tough as they look1 for they are very sensitive to the bites of mosquitoes1 gnats1 and particularly of midges4 ,reindeer are very cautious1 as many hunters have found to their cost2 but they are ready to be friendly with any cows or horses they may come across1 and this must make the task of taming them a great deal easier4 ,they have their regular hours for meals1 too1 and early in the mornings and late in the evenings may be seen going out for their breakfasts and suppers1 which1 in summer1 consist1 in the highlands1 of the leaves and flowers of the snow ranunculus1 reindeer sorrel1 a favorite kind of grass1 and1 better than all1 the young shoots of the dwarf birch4 ,in the afternoons they lie down and rest1 and choose for their place of repose a patch of snow1 or a glacier if one is at hand4 ,in ,norway and ,lapland great herds of reindeer may be seen1 during the summer1 wandering along the banks of rivers1 or making for the mountains1 returning with the approach of winter to their old quarters4 ,with the first snow fall they are safe under shelter1 for this is the time when wolves are most to be feared4 ,in the spring they are let loose again1 and are driven carefully to some spot which is freer from midges than the rest4 ,and so life goes on from year to year4 ,reindeer herding is by no means so easy as it looks1 and it would be quite impossible1 even to a ,lapp1 if it were not for the help of dogs1 who are part of the family4 ,they are small creatures1 hardly as big as a ,spitz1 and very thin1 with close compact hair all over their bodies4 ,these dogs are very obedient1 and understand every movement of their master's eyelid4 ,they will not only keep the herd together on land1 but follow them into a river1 or across an arm of the sea4 ,it is they who rescue the weaklings in danger of drowning1 after their winter's fast1 and in the autumn1 when the reindeer have grown strong from good living1 drive the herd back again through the bay4 ,a herd of reindeer on the march is a beautiful sight to see4 ,they go quickly along1 faster than any other domestic animal1 and are kept together by the herdsman and his dogs1 who are untiring in their efforts to bring up stragglers4 ,when a good stretch of pasture is found1 the ,lapps build a fold1 into which the reindeer are driven every evening1 so that the work of the milkers may be lightened4 ,these folds are made of the stems of birches placed close together and strengthened with cross-pieces and strong props4 ,they are about seven feet high1 and have two wide doors4 ,at milking time1 which the dogs know as well as the men1 the animals are driven inside by their faithful guardians1 and milking begins busily4 ,the young ones are generally left outside under the watchful eyes of the dogs1 who see that they do not wander too far away4 ,inside the fold the noise is really deafening4 ,the reindeer run to and fro1 giving loud cries and throwing their heads about2 which1 as their horns are very big1 is not pleasant for the milkers4 ,any one walking that way would be struck1 first1 with the sound of the commotion in the inclosure1 and this would most likely be followed by a crackling noise1 as if a hundred electric batteries were at work at once4 ,in the middle of the fold are thick tree trunks to which the reindeer which have to be milked are fastened1 for without these they would not stand still one single instant4 ,the milkers have a thong which is thrown round the neck of the animal1 and drawn closer till it is tied by a slip noose over the creature's mouth1 so as to prevent it from biting4 ,then the ends are made secure to the milking block1 and the milking begins--the animal all the while struggling hard to get free4 ,but the ,lapps know how to manage them1 and only draw the cord tighter over the nose1 so that the creatures are bound in self-defense to remain quiet4 ,the milk flows into a sort of large bowl with handles1 but the ,lapps are both careless and dirty in their ways1 and not only waste a great deal of the milk1 but leave so many hairs in it that it is necessary to strain it through a cloth before it can be drunk4 ,however1 the milk itself is very good4 ,the milking once over1 the doors are opened1 and the animals scamper out joyously4 ,all together1 the life of the owner of a herd of reindeer cannot be said to be an idle one4 ,yet he is in general well satisfied with his lot1 and thinks himself the most fortunate man in the world4 --,a4 ,,lang4 ,a ,,story ,,of ,,ancient ,,ireland chariots weapon barriers protector whelp award district savage ,there was a great smith in ,ulster of the name of ,culain1 who made a feast for ,conchubar and his people4 ,when ,conchubar was setting out to the feast1 he passed by the lawn where the boy troop were at their games1 and he watched them awhile1 and saw how young ,setanta1 his sister's son1 was winning the goal from them all4 8,that little lad will serve ,ulster yet10 said ,conchubar2 8and call him to me now10 he said1 8and let him come with me to the smith's feast40 8,i cannot go with you now10 said ,setanta1 when they had called to him1 8for these boys have not had enough of play yet40 8,it would be too long for me to wait for you10 said the king4 8,there is no need for you to wait2 ,i will follow the track of the chariots10 said ,setanta4 ,so ,conchubar went on to the smith's house1 and there was a welcome before him1 and the feast was brought in1 and they began to be merry4 ,and then ,culain said to the king1 8,will there be any one else of your people coming after you to-night80 8,there will not10 said ,conchubar1 for he forgot that he had told the little lad to follow him4 8,but why do you ask me that80 he said4 8,i have a fierce hound10 said the smith1 8and when ,i take the chain off him1 he lets no one come into the district with himself1 and he will obey no one but myself1 and he has in him the strength of a hundred40 8,loose him out10 said ,conchubar1 8and let him keep a watch on the place40 ,so ,culain loosed him out1 and the dog made a course round the whole district1 and then he came back to the place where he was used to watch the house4 ,now1 as to the boys at ,emain1 when they were done playing1 every one went to his father's house1 or to whoever was in charge of him4 ,but ,setanta set out on the track of the chariots1 shortening the way for himself with his hurling stick and his ball4 ,when he came to the lawn before the smith's house1 the hound heard him coming1 and began such a fierce yelling that he might have been heard through all ,ulster1 and he sprang at him as if he had a mind not to stop and tear him up at all1 but to swallow him at the one mouthful4 ,the little fellow had no weapon but his stick and his ball1 but when he saw the hound coming at him1 he struck the ball with such force that it went down his throat1 and through his body4 ,then he seized him by the hind legs and dashed him against a rock until there was no life left in him4 ,when the men feasting within heard the outcry of the hound1 ,conchubar started up and said1 8,it is no good luck brought us on this journey1 for that is surely my sister's son that was coming after me1 and that has got his death by the hound40 ,on that all the men rushed out1 not waiting to go through the door1 but over walls and barriers as they could4 ,but ,fergus was the first to get to where the boy was1 and he took him up and lifted him on his shoulder1 and brought him in safe and sound to ,conchubar1 and there was great joy in them all4 ,but ,culain the smith went out with them1 and when he saw his great hound lying dead and broken1 there was great grief in his heart1 and he came in and said to ,setanta1 8,there is no good welcome for you here40 8,what have you against the little lad80 said ,conchubar4 8,it was no good luck that brought him here1 or that made me prepare this feast for yourself10 said the smith1 8for now1 my hound being gone1 my substance will be wasted1 and my way of living will be gone astray4 ,and1 little boy10 he said1 8that was a good member of my family you took from me1 for he was the protector of my flocks and of all that ,i have40 8,do not be vexed on account of that10 said the boy1 8and ,i myself will makeup to you for what ,i have done40 8,how will you do that80 said ,conchubar4 8,this is how ,i will do it3 if there is a whelp of the same breed to be had in ,ireland1 ,i will rear him and train him until he is as good a hound as the one killed2 and until that time1 ,culain10 he said1 8,i myself will be your watchdog1 to guard your goods and your cattle and your house40 8,you have made a fair offer10 said ,conchubar4 8,i could have given no better award myself10 said ,cathbad the ,druid4 8,and from this out10 he said1 8your name will be ,cuchulain1 the ,hound of ,culain40 8,i am better pleased with my own name of ,setanta10 said the boy4 8,do not say that10 said ,cathbad1 8for all the men in the whole world will some day have the name of ,cuchulain in their mouths40 8,if that is so1 ,i am content to keep it10 said the boy4 ,and this is how he came by the name ,cuchulain4 --,,lady ,,gregory4 ,,san ,,gabriel uncivil specimens behavior celebrations dozens wreaths garlands especially ,there are a great many interesting stories about the first settlement of ,san ,gabriel1 and the habits and customs of the ,indians there4 ,they were a very polite people to each other1 and used to train their children in some respects very carefully4 ,if a child were sent to bring water to an older person1 and he tasted it on the way1 he was made to throw the water out and go and bring fresh water2 when two grown-up persons were talking together1 if a child ran between them1 he was told that he had done an uncivil thing4 ,these are only specimens of their rules for polite behavior4 ,they seem to me as good as ours4 ,these ,indians were very fond of flowers1 of which the whole country is full4 ,they used to make long garlands and wreaths1 not only to wear on their heads1 but to reach way down to their feet4 ,these they wore at festivals and celebrations2 and sometimes at these festivals they used to have what they called 8song contests40 ,two of the best singers1 or poets1 would be matched together to see which could sing the better1 or make the better verses4 ,that seems to me a more interesting kind of match than the spelling matches we have in our villages4 ,but there is nothing of this sort to be seen in ,san ,gabriel now1 or indeed anywhere in ,california4 ,the ,indians have been driven away by the white people who wanted their lands2 year by year more and more white people have come1 and the ,indians have been robbed of more and more of their lands1 and have died off by hundreds1 until there are not many left4 ,mr4 ,connor was much interested in collecting all he could of the curious stone bowls and pestles they used to make1 and of their baskets and lace work4 ,he spent much of his time riding about the country2 and whenever he came to an ,indian hut he would stop and ask if they had any stone bowls they would like to sell4 ,the bowls especially were a great curiosity4 ,nobody knew how long ago they had been made4 ,when the missionaries first came to the country they found the ,indians using them2 they had them of all sizes1 from those so large that they are almost more than a man can lift down to the tiny ones no bigger than a tea-cup4 ,but big and little1 they were all made in the same way out of solid stone1 scooped out in the middle1 by rubbing another stone round and round on them4 ,even yet people who are searching for such curiosities sometimes find big grave mounds in which dozens of them are buried--buried side by side with the people who used to eat out of them4 ,there is nothing left of the people but their skulls and a few bones2 but the bowls will last as long as the world stands4 --,,helen ,,hunt ,,jackson4 ,,imitation ,,of ,,mary ,let the life of the ,blessed ,mary be ever present to you4''' ,she was humble of heart1 serious in her conversation1 fonder of reading than of speaking4 ,she placed her confidence rather in the prayer of the poor than in the uncertain riches of the world4 ,she was ever intent on her occupations1 and accustomed to make ,god rather than man the witness of her thoughts4 ,she injured no one1 wished well to all1 reverenced age1 yielded not to envy1 avoided all boasting1 followed the dictates of reason1 and loved virtue4 --,,st4 ,,ambrose4 ,a ,,scene ,,from 8,,william ,,tell0 7,switzerland had been conquered by ,austria1 and ,gesler1 a cruel tyrant1 was her governor4 ,william ,tell had refused to bow before ,gesler's hat1 which had been elevated on a pole2 he was therefore arrested and taken before the governor4 ,his son ,albert was also taken1 and both were threatened with death47 ,illustration ,,scene ,i 7,,william ,,tell1 ,,albert1 his son1 and ,,gesler with officers4 ,,tell in chains47 ,,gesler4 ,what is thy name8 ,,tell4 ,my name8 ,it matters not to keep it from thee now-- ,my name is ,tell4 ,,ges4 ,tell6--,william ,tell8 ,,tell4 ,the same4 ,,ges4 ,what6 he so famed 'bove all his countrymen ,for guiding o'er the stormy lake the boat8 ,and such a master of his bow1 'tis said ,his arrows never miss6 ,indeed1 ,i'll take ,exquisite vengeance6 ,mark6 ,i'll spare thy life-- ,thy boy's1 too6--both of you are free--on one ,condition4 ,,tell4 ,name it4 ,,ges4 ,i would see you make ,a trial of your skill with that same bow ,you shoot so well with4 ,,tell4 ,name the trial you ,would have me make4 ,,ges4 ,you look upon your boy ,as though instinctively you guessed it4 ,,tell4 ,look upon my boy6 ,what mean you8 ,look upon ,my boy as though ,i guessed it6 ,guessed the trial ,you'd have me make6 ,guessed it ,instinctively6 you do not mean--no--no-- ,you would not have me make a trial of ,my skill upon my child6 ,impossible6 ,i do not guess your meaning4 ,,ges4 ,i would see ,thee hit an apple at the distance of ,a hundred paces4 ,,tell4 ,is my boy to hold it8 ,,ges4 ,no4 ,,tell4 ,no6 ,i'll send the arrow through the core4 ,,ges4 ,it is to rest upon his head4 ,,tell4 ,great ,heaven1 you hear him6 ,,ges4 ,thou dost hear the choice ,i give-- ,such trial of the skill thou art master of1 ,or death to both of you2 not otherwise ,to be escaped4 ,,tell4 ,o monster6 ,,ges4 ,wilt thou do it8 ,,albert4 ,he will6 he will6 ,,tell4 ,ferocious monster6 ,make ,a father murder his own child-- ,,ges4 ,take off ,his chains1 if he consent4 ,,tell4 ,with his own hand6 ,,ges4 ,does he consent8 ,,alb4 ,he does4 7,,gesler signs to his officers1 who proceed to take off ,,tell',s chains4 ,,tell all the time unconscious what they do47 ,,tell4 ,with his own hand6 ,murder his child with his own hand--this hand6 ,the hand ,i've led him1 when an infant1 by6 ',tis beyond horror--'tis most horrible4 ,amazement6 7,his chains fall off47 ,what's that you've done to me8 ,villains6 put on my chains again4 ,my hands ,are free from blood1 and have no gust for it1 ,that they should drink my child's6 ,here6 here6 ,i'll not ,murder my boy for ,gesler4 ,,alb4 ,father--father6 ,you will not hit me1 father6 ,,tell4 ,hit thee6 ,send ,the arrow through thy brain2 or1 missing that1 ,shoot out an eye2 or1 if thine eye escape1 ,mangle the cheek ,i've seen thy mother's lips ,cover with kisses4 ,hit thee--hit a hair ,of thee1 and cleave thy mother's heart4 ,,ges4 ,dost thou consent8 ,,tell4 ,give me my bow and quiver4 ,,ges4 ,for what8 ,,tell4 ,to shoot my boy6 ,,alb4 ,no1 father--no6 ,to save me6 ,you'll be sure to hit the apple-- ,will you not save me1 father8 ,,tell4 ,lead me forth2 ,i'll make the trial4 ,,alb4 ,thank you6 ,,tell4 ,thank me6 ,do ,you know for what8 ,i will not make the trial1 ,to take him to his mother in my arms ,and lay him down a corpse before her6 ,,ges4 ,then he dies this moment--and you certainly ,do murder him whose life you have a chance ,to save1 and will not use it4 ,,tell4 ,well1 ,i'll do it4 ,i'll make the trial4 ,,alb4 ,father-- ,,tell4 ,speak not to me2 ,let me not hear thy voice4 ,thou must be dumb2 ,and so should all things be4 ,earth should be dumb1 ,and heaven--unless its thunders muttered at ,the deed1 and sent a bolt to stop it4 ,give me ,my bow and quiver6 ,,ges4 ,when all's ready4 ,,tell4 ,well1 lead on6 ,,scene ,,ii ,enter1 slowly1 people in evident distress4 ,officers1 ,,sarnem1 ,,gesler1 ,,tell1 ,,albert1 and soldiers1 one bearing ,,tell',s bow and quiver1 another with a basket of apples4 ,,ges4 ,that is your ground4 ,now shall they measure thence ,a hundred paces4 ,take the distance4 ,,tell4 ,is the line a true one8 ,,ges4 ,true or not1 what is't to thee8 ,,tell4 ,what is't to me8 ,a little thing1 ,a very little thing--a yard or two ,is nothing here or there--were it a wolf ,i shot at4 ,never mind4 ,,ges4 ,be thankful1 slave1 ,our grace accords thee life on any terms4 ,,tell4 ,i will be thankful1 ,gesler4 ,villain1 stop6 ,you measure to the sun6 ,,ges4 ,and what of that8 ,what matter whether to or from the sun8 ,,tell4 ,i'd have it at my back--the sun should shine ,upon the mark1 and not on him that shoots4 ,i cannot see to shoot against the sun2 ,i will not shoot against the sun6 ,,ges4 ,give him his way4 ,thou hast cause to bless my mercy4 ,,tell4 ,i shall remember it4 ,i'd like to see ,the apple ,i'm to shoot at4 ,,ges4 ,stay6 show me the basket--there-- ,,tell4 ,you've picked the smallest one4 ,,ges4 ,i know ,i have4 ,,tell4 ,oh6 do you8 ,but you see ,the color on't is dark4--,i'd have it light1 ,to see it better4 ,,ges4 ,take it as it is2 ,thy skill will be the greater if thou hit'st it4 ,,tell4 ,true--true6 ,i did not think of that--,i wonder ,i did not think of that4 ,give me some chance ,to save my boy6 7,throws away the apple47 ,i will not murder him1 ,if ,i can help it--for the honor of ,the form thou wearest1 if all the heart is gone4 ,,ges4 ,well1 choose thyself4 ,,tell4 ,have ,i a friend among the lookers-on8 ,,verner4 7,rushing forward47 ,here1 ,tell6 ,,tell4 ,i thank thee1 ,verner6 ,he is a friend runs out into a storm ,to shake a hand with us4 ,i must be brief3 ,when once the bow is bent1 we cannot take ,the shot too soon4 ,verner1 whatever be ,the issue of this hour1 the common cause ,must not stand still4 ,let not to-morrow's sun ,set on the tyrant's banner6 ,verner6 ,verner6 ,the boy6 the boy6 ,thinkest thou he hath the courage ,to stand it8 ,,ver4 ,yes4 ,,tell4 ,how looks he8 ,,ver4 ,clear and smilingly2 ,if you doubt it1 look yourself4 ,,tell4 ,no--no--my friend2 ,to hear it is enough4 ,,ver4 ,he bears himself so much above his years4 ,,tell4 ,i know6 ,i know6 ,,ver4 ,with constancy so modest-- ,,tell4 ,i was sure he would4 ,,ver4 ,and looks with such relying love ,and reverence upon you4 ,,tell4 ,man6 man6 man6 ,no more4 ,already ,i'm too much the father ,to act the man4 ,verner1 no more1 my friend4 ,i would be flint--flint--flint4 ,don't make me feel ,i'm not4 ,do not mind me4 ,take the boy ,and set him1 ,verner1 with his back to me4 ,set him upon his knees--and place this apple ,upon his head1 so that the stem may front me1-- ,thus1 ,verner2 charge him to keep steady--tell him ,i'll hit the apple4 ,verner1 do all this ,more briefly than ,i tell it thee4 ,,ver4 ,come1 ,albert4 7,leading him out47 ,,alb4 ,may ,i not speak with him before ,i go8 ,,ver4 ,you must not4 ,,alb4 ,i must6 ,i cannot go from him without4 ,,ver4 ,it is his will you should4 ,,alb4 ,his will1 is it8 ,i am content1 then--come4 ,,tell4 ,my boy6 7,holding out his arms to him47 ,,alb4 ,my father6 7,rushing into ,,tell',s arms47 ,,tell4 ,if thou canst bear it1 should not ,i8 ,go1 now1 ,my son--and keep in mind that ,i can shoot-- ,go1 boy--be thou but steady1 ,i will hit ,the apple4 ,go6 ,god bless thee--go4 ,my bow6-- 7,the bow is handed to him47 ,thou wilt not fail thy master1 wilt thou8 ,thou ,hast never failed him yet1 old servant4 ,no1 ,i'm sure of thee4 ,i know thy honesty4 ,thou art stanch--stanch4 ,let me see my quiver4 ,,ges4 ,give him a single arrow4 ,,tell4 ,do you shoot8 ,,sol4 ,i do4 ,,tell4 ,is it so you pick an arrow1 friend8 ,the point1 you see1 is bent2 the feather jagged4 7,breaks it47 ,that's all the use 'tis fit for4 ,,ges4 ,let him have another4 ,,tell4 ,why1 'tis better than the first1 ,but yet not good enough for such an aim ,as ,i'm to take--'tis heavy in the shaft2 ,i'll not shoot with it6 7,throws it away47 ,let me see my quiver4 ,bring it6 ',tis not one arrow in a dozen ,i'd take to shoot with at a dove1 much less ,a dove like that4 ,,ges4 ,it matters not4 ,show him the quiver4 ,,tell4 ,see if the boy is ready4 7,,tell here hides an arrow under his vest47 ,,ver4 ,he is4 ,,tell4 ,i'm ready1 too6 ,keep silent for ,heaven's sake and do not stir--and let me have ,your prayers--your prayers--and be my witnesses ,that if his life's in peril from my hand1 ',tis only for the chance of saving it4 7,to the people47 ,,ges4 ,go on4 ,,tell4 ,i will4 ,o friends1 for mercy's sake1 keep motionless ,and silent4 7,,tell shoots2 a shout of exultation bursts from the crowd4 ,,tell',s head drops on his bosom2 he with difficulty supports himself upon his bow47 ,,ver4 7,rushing in with ,,albert47 ,thy boy is safe1 no hair of him is touched4 ,,alb4 ,father1 ,i'm safe6 ,your ,albert's safe1 dear father1-- ,speak to me6 ,speak to me6 ,,ver4 ,he cannot1 boy4 ,,alb4 ,you grant him life8 ,,ges4 ,i do4 ,,alb4 ,and we are free8 ,,ges4 ,you are4 7,crossing angrily behind47 ,,ver4 ,open his vest ,and give him air4 7,,albert opens his father's vest1 and the arrow drops4 ,,tell starts1 fixes his eye upon ,,albert1 and clasps him to his breast47 ,,tell4 ,my boy6 my boy6 ,,ges4 ,for what ,hid you that arrow in your breast8 ,speak1 slave6 ,,tell4 ,to kill thee1 tyrant1 had ,i slain my boy6 --,,sheridan ,,knowles4 ,,the ,,schoolmaster ,,of ,,sleepy ,,hollow ,i4 ,,his ,,school ,,and ,,his ,,friends custom vicinity scarecrow murmur uncouth adjacent appalling personage ,in a remote period of ,american history there lived in ,sleepy ,hollow a worthy man whose name was ,ichabod ,crane4 ,he sojourned1 or1 as he expressed it1 8tarried0 in that quiet little valley for the purpose of instructing the children of the vicinity4 ,he was tall1 but very lank1 with narrow shoulders1 long arms and legs1 hands that dangled a mile out of his sleeves1 and feet that might have served as shovels4 ,his head was small1 with huge ears1 large glassy eyes1 and a long snipe nose4 ,to see him striding along the crest of a hill on a windy day1 with his ill-fitting clothes fluttering about him1 one might have mistaken him for some scarecrow escaped from a cornfield4 ,his schoolhouse was a low building of one large room1 rudely built of logs4 ,it stood in a rather lonely but pleasant place1 just at the foot of a woody hill1 with a brook running close by1 and a birch tree growing near one end of it4 ,from this place of learning the low murmur of children's voices1 conning over their lessons1 might be heard on a drowsy summer day like the hum of a beehive4 ,now and then this was interrupted by the stern voice of the master1 or perhaps by the appalling sound of a birch twig1 as some loiterer was urged along the flowery path of knowledge4 ,when school hours were over1 the teacher forgot that he was the master1 and was even the companion and playmate of the older boys2 and on holiday afternoons he liked to go home with some of the smaller ones who happened to have pretty sisters1 or mothers noted for their skill in cooking4 ,indeed1 it was a wise thing for him to keep on good terms with his pupils4 ,he earned so little by teaching school that he could scarcely have had enough to eat had he not1 according to country custom1 boarded at the houses of the children whom he instructed4 ,with these he lived1 by turns1 a week at a time1 thus going the rounds of the neighborhood1 with all his worldly goods tied up in a cotton handkerchief4 ,he had many ways of making himself both useful and agreeable4 ,he helped the farmers in the lighter labors of their farms1 raked the hay at harvest time1 mended the fences1 took the horses to water1 drove the cows from pasture1 and cut wood for the winter fire4 ,he found favor in the eyes of the mothers by petting the children1 particularly the youngest2 and he would often sit with a child on one knee and rock a cradle with his foot for whole hours together4 ,he was looked upon as a kind of idle1 gentlemanlike personage of finer tastes and better manners than the rough young men who had been brought up in the country4 ,he was always welcome at the tea table of a farmhouse2 and his presence was almost sure to bring out an extra dish of cakes or sweetmeats1 or the parade of a silver teapot4 ,he would walk with the young ladies in the churchyard between services on ,sundays1 gathering grapes for them from the wild vines that overran the surrounding trees1 or sauntering with a whole bevy of them along the banks of the adjacent mill pond2 while the bashful country youngsters hung sheepishly back and hated him for his fine manners4 ,one of his sources of pleasure was to pass long winter evenings with the ,dutch farmers1 as they sat by the fire with a long row of apples roasting and sputtering along the hearth4 ,he listened to their wondrous tales of ghosts and goblins1 and haunted fields1 and haunted brooks1 and haunted bridges1 and haunted houses1 and particularly of the headless horseman1 or 8,galloping ,hessian of the ,hollow10 as they sometimes called him4 ,and then he would entertain them with stories of witchcraft1 and would frighten them with woeful speculations about comets and shooting stars1 and by telling them that the world did really turn round1 and that they were half the time topsy-turvy4 ,there was pleasure in all this while snugly cuddling in the chimney corner of a room that was lighted by the ruddy glow from a crackling wood fire1 and where no ghost dared show its face2 but it was a pleasure dearly bought by the terrors which would beset him during his walk homeward4 ,how fearful were the shapes and shadows that fell across his way in the dim and ghastly glare of a snowy night6 ,how often did he shrink with curdling awe at the sound of his own steps on the frosty crust beneath his feet1 and dread to look over his shoulder lest he should behold some uncouth being tramping close behind him6 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,invitation autumnal urchins application cavalier pensive pommel apparition genuine horizon plumage luxurious gradually ,on a fine autumnal afternoon1 ,ichabod1 in pensive mood1 sat enthroned on the lofty stool from whence he watched the doings of his little school4 ,in his hand he held a ferule1 that scepter of despotic power2 the birch of justice reposed on three nails behind the stool1 a constant terror to evil doers2 while on the desk were sundry contraband articles taken from idle urchins1 such as half-eaten apples1 popguns1 whirligigs1 and fly cages4 ,his scholars were all busily intent upon their books1 or slyly whispering behind them with one eye kept upon the master1 and a kind of buzzing stillness reigned throughout the schoolroom4 ,this stillness was suddenly interrupted by the appearance of a negro1 in tow-cloth jacket and trousers1 who1 mounted on the back of a ragged1 wild1 half-broken colt1 came clattering up to the schoolhouse door4 ,he brought an invitation to ,ichabod to attend a merrymaking1 or 8quilting frolic10 to be held that evening at the house of ,herr ,van ,tassel2 and having delivered his message1 he dashed over the brook1 and was seen scampering away up the hollow1 full of the importance and hurry of his mission4 ,all was now bustle and hubbub in the late quiet schoolroom4 ,the scholars were hurried through their lessons4 ,those who were nimble skipped over half without being noticed2 and those who were slow were hurried along by a smart application of the rod4 ,then books were flung aside without being put away on the shelves2 inkstands were overturned1 benches thrown down1 and the whole school was turned loose an hour before the usual time1 the children yelping and racketing about the green1 in joy at their early freedom4 ,the gallant ,ichabod now spent at least an extra half hour at his toilet1 brushing and furbishing his best and only suit of rusty black1 and arranging his looks by a bit of broken looking-glass that hung up in the schoolhouse4 ,that he might make his appearance at the party in the true style of a cavalier1 he borrowed a horse from the farmer with whom he was boarding1 and1 thus gallantly mounted1 rode forth1 like a knight-errant in quest of adventures4 ,the animal he bestrode was a broken-down plow horse4 ,he was gaunt and shagged1 with a slender neck1 and a head like a hammer4 ,his mane and tail were tangled and knotted with burs4 ,one eye had lost its pupil1 and was glaring and spectral1 but the other still gleamed with genuine wickedness4 ,he must have had plenty of fire and mettle in his day1 if we may judge from his name1 which was ,gunpowder4 ,ichabod was a rider suited for such a steed4 ,he rode with short stirrups1 which brought his knees nearly up to the pommel of the saddle2 his elbows stuck out like a grasshopper's2 and as the horse jogged on1 the motion of his arms was not unlike the flapping of a pair of wings4 ,a small wool hat rested on the top of his nose1 for so his scanty strip of forehead might be called2 and the skirts of his black coat fluttered out almost to the horse's tail4 ,such was the appearance of ,ichabod and his steed as they shambled along the highway2 and it was altogether such an apparition as is seldom to be met with in broad daylight4 ,it was1 as ,i have said1 a fine autumnal day4 ,the sky was clear and serene4 ,the forests had put on their sober brown and yellow1 while some trees of the tenderer kind had been nipped by the frost into brilliant dyes of orange1 purple1 and scarlet4 ,streaming files of wild ducks began to make their appearance high in the air4 ,the bark of the squirrel might be heard from the groves of beech and hickory1 and the pensive whistle of the quail at intervals from the neighboring stubble fields4 ,the small birds fluttered1 chirping and frolicking1 from bush to bush1 and tree to tree1 gay and happy because of the plenty and variety around them4 ,there were the twittering blackbirds1 flying in sable clouds2 and the golden-winged woodpecker1 with his crimson crest and splendid plumage2 and the cedar bird1 with its red-tipped wings and yellow-tipped tail2 and the blue jay1 in his gay1 light-blue coat and white underclothes1 screaming and chattering1 nodding and bowing1 and pretending to be on good terms with every songster of the grove4 ,as ,ichabod jogged slowly on his way1 his eye ranged with delight over the treasures of jolly autumn4 ,on all sides he beheld vast store of apples1--some still hanging on the trees1 some gathered into baskets and barrels for the market1 others heaped up in rich piles for the cider press4 ,farther on he beheld great fields of ,indian corn1 with its golden ears peeping from their leafy coverts1 and holding out the promise of cakes and hasty pudding4 ,there1 too1 were multitudes of yellow pumpkins turning up their yellow sides to the sun1 and giving ample prospects of the most luxurious of pies4 ,and anon he passed the fragrant buckwheat fields1 breathing the odor of the beehive2 and as he beheld them1 he dreamed of dainty slapjacks1 well buttered1 and garnished with honey4 ,thus feeding his mind with many sweet thoughts1 he journeyed along the sides of a range of hills which look out upon some of the goodliest scenes of the mighty ,hudson4 ,the sun gradually wheeled his broad disk down into the west4 ,a few amber clouds floated in the sky1 without a breath of air to move them4 ,the horizon was of a fine1 golden tint1 changing gradually into a pure apple-green1 and from that into the deep blue of the midheaven4 ,a slanting ray lingered on the woody crests of the precipices that overhung some parts of the river1 giving greater depth to the dark gray and purple of their rocky sides4 ,,iii4 ,,at ,,the ,,party adjacent innovations sumptuous piazza antiquated animated skeleton specter ,it was toward evening when ,ichabod arrived at the castle of the ,herr ,van ,tassel4 ,he found it thronged with the pride and flower of the adjacent country1--old farmers1 in homespun coats and breeches1 blue stockings1 huge shoes1 and magnificent pewter buckles2 their brisk little dames1 in close-crimped caps and long-waisted gowns1 with scissors and pincushions1 and gay calico pockets hanging on the outside2 young girls1 almost as antiquated as their mothers1 excepting where a straw hat1 a fine ribbon1 or perhaps a white frock showed signs of city innovations2 the sons1 in short1 square-skirted coats with rows of huge brass buttons1 and their hair generally queued in the fashion of the times4 ,what a world of charms burst upon the gaze of my hero as he entered the state parlor of ,van ,tassel's mansion--the ample charms of a ,dutch country tea table1 in the sumptuous time of autumn6 ,such heaped-up platters of cakes1 of various and indescribable kinds1 known only to experienced ,dutch housewives6 ,there were doughnuts and crisp1 crumbling crullers2 sweet cakes and short cakes1 ginger cakes and honey cakes1 and the whole family of cakes2 and then there were apple pies1 and peach pies1 and pumpkin pies2 and slices of ham and smoked beef2 and dishes of preserved plums1 and peaches1 and pears1 and quinces2 not to mention broiled shad and roasted chickens1 together with bowls of milk and cream2 all mingled1 higgledy-piggledy1 with the motherly teapot sending up its clouds of vapor from the midst6 ,i want breath and time to describe this banquet as ,i ought1 and am too eager to get on with my story4 ,happily1 ,ichabod ,crane was not in so great a hurry1 but did ample justice to every dainty4 ,and now1 supper being ended1 the sound of music from the common room summoned to the dance4 ,the musician was an old1 gray-headed negro1 who had been the itinerant orchestra of the neighborhood for more than half a century4 ,his instrument was as old and battered as himself4 ,the greater part of the time he scraped away on two or three strings1 moving his head with every movement of the bow1 and stamping his foot whenever a fresh couple were to start4 ,ichabod prided himself on his dancing4 ,not a limb1 not a fiber about him was idle4 ,how could the flogger of urchins be otherwise than animated and joyous8 ,when the dance was over1 ,ichabod joined a circle of the older folks1 who1 with ,herr ,van ,tassel1 sat smoking at one end of the piazza1 and told stories of the war and wild and wonderful legends of ghosts and other supernatural beings4 ,some mention was made of a woman in white that haunted the dark glen at ,raven ,rock1 and was often heard to shriek on wintry nights before a storm4 ,the chief part of the stories1 however1 turned upon the favorite specter of ,sleepy ,hollow1 the headless horseman1 who had been heard several times of late patrolling the country4 ,one man told how he had once met the horseman and was obliged to get up behind him2 how they galloped over bush and brake1 over hill and swamp1 until they reached the bridge by the church1 when the horseman suddenly turned into a skeleton1 threw him into the brook1 and sprang away over the tree tops with a clap of thunder4 ,a wild1 roistering young man1 who was called ,brom ,bones1 declared that the headless horseman was1 after all1 no rider compared with himself4 ,he said that returning one night from the neighboring village of ,sing ,sing1 he had been overtaken by this midnight trooper2 that he had offered to race with him for a bowl of punch1 and would have won it1 too1 but just as they came to the church bridge1 the specter bolted and vanished in a flash of fire4 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,midnight ,,adventure idea gnarled sensitive sociability dismal covert gigantic desperation inquiry violence opposite evidently ,the party now gradually broke up4 ,the old farmers gathered together their families in their wagons1 and were heard for some time rattling along the hollow roads and over the distant hills4 ,their light-hearted laughter1 mingling with the clatter of hoofs1 echoed along the silent woodlands1 growing fainter and fainter till they gradually died away1 and the late scene of noise and frolic was all silent and deserted4 ,it was the very witching time of night that ,ichabod pursued his travel homeward4 ,in the dead hush of midnight he could hear the barking of a dog on the opposite shore of the ,hudson1 but it was so vague and faint as only to give an idea of the distance between them4 ,no signs of life occurred near1 but now and then the chirp of a cricket1 or perhaps the guttural twang of a bullfrog from a neighboring marsh1 as if sleeping uncomfortably and turning suddenly in his bed4 ,all the stories that ,ichabod had heard about ghosts and goblins now came crowding into his mind4 ,the night grew darker and darker4 ,the stars seemed to sink deeper in the sky1 and driving clouds occasionally hid them from his sight4 ,he had never felt so lonely and dismal4 ,he was1 moreover1 approaching the very place where many of the scenes of the ghost stories had been laid4 ,in the center of the road stood an enormous tulip tree1 which towered like a giant above all the other trees of the neighborhood and formed a kind of landmark4 ,its limbs were gnarled and fantastic1 large as the trunks of ordinary trees1 twisting down almost to the ground1 and rising again into the air4 ,as ,ichabod approached this tree1 he began to whistle4 ,he thought his whistle was answered3 it was but a blast sweeping sharply through the dry branches4 ,coming a little nearer1 he thought he saw something white hanging in the midst of the tree4 ,he paused1 and ceased whistling1 but1 on looking more narrowly1 perceived that it was a place where the tree had been struck by lightning1 and the white wood laid bare4 ,suddenly he heard a groan4 ,his teeth chattered1 and his knees smote against the saddle4 ,it was but the rubbing of one huge bough upon another1 as they were swayed about by the breeze4 ,he passed the tree in safety1 but new perils lay before him4 ,about two hundred yards from the tree a small brook crossed the road1 and ran into a marshy and thickly wooded glen4 ,a few rough logs laid side by side served for a bridge over this stream4 ,to pass this bridge was the severest trial2 for it was here that the unfortunate ,andr had been captured1 and under covert of the thicket of chestnuts and vines by the side of the road had the sturdy yeomen1 who surprised him1 lain concealed4 ,the stream has ever since been considered a haunted stream1 and fearful are the feelings of the schoolboy who has to pass it alone after dark4 ,as ,ichabod approached the stream his heart began to thump4 ,he gave his horse half a score of kicks in the ribs1 and tried to dash briskly across the bridge2 but instead of starting forward1 the perverse old animal made a lateral movement1 and ran broadside against the fence4 ,ichabod jerked the rein on the other side1 and kicked lustily with the contrary foot4 ,it was all in vain4 ,his steed started1 it is true1 but it was only to plunge to the opposite side of the road into a thicket of brambles4 ,the schoolmaster now bestowed both whip and heel upon the ribs of old ,gunpowder1 who dashed forward1 but came to a stand just by the bridge with a suddenness that had nearly sent his rider sprawling over his head4 ,just at this moment a plashy tramp by the side of the bridge caught the sensitive ear of ,ichabod4 ,in the dark shadow of the trees he beheld something huge1 black1 and towering4 ,it stirred not1 but seemed gathered up in the gloom1 like some gigantic monster ready to spring upon the traveler4 ,the hair of the affrighted pedagogue rose upon his head with terror4 ,what was to be done8 ,summoning up a show of courage1 he called out in stammering accents1 8,who are you80 ,he received no reply4 ,he repeated his demand in a still more agitated voice4 ,still there was no answer4 ,once more he cudgeled the sides of ,gunpowder1 and1 shutting his eyes1 broke forth into a psalm tune4 ,just then the shadowy object of alarm put itself in motion1 and1 with a scramble and a bound1 stood at once in the middle of the road4 ,though the night was dark and dismal1 yet the form of the unknown might now in some degree be ascertained4 ,he appeared to be a horseman of large dimensions1 and mounted on a horse of powerful frame4 ,he made no offer of molestation or sociability1 but kept aloof on one side of the road1 jogging along on the blind side of old ,gunpowder1 who had now got over his fright and waywardness4 ,ichabod1 who had no relish for this strange midnight companion1 and bethought himself of the adventure of ,brom ,bones and the headless horseman1 now quickened his steed1 in hopes of leaving him behind4 ,the stranger1 however1 quickened his horse to an equal pace4 ,ichabod drew up1 and fell into a walk1 thinking to lag behind2 the other did the same4 ,his heart began to sink within him4 ,there was something in the moody and dogged silence of his companion that was mysterious and appalling4 ,it was soon fearfully accounted for4 ,on mounting a rising ground1 which brought the figure of his fellow-traveler in relief against the sky1 ,ichabod was horror-struck on perceiving that he was headless2 but his horror was still more increased on observing that the head1 which should have rested on his shoulders1 was carried before him on the pommel of his saddle4 ,his terror rose to desperation4 ,he rained a shower of kicks and blows upon ,gunpowder1 hoping1 by sudden movement1 to give his companion the slip2 but the specter started full jump with him4 ,away1 then1 they dashed1 through thick and thin1 stones flying and sparks flashing at every bound4 ,ichabod's flimsy garments fluttered in the air as he stretched his long1 lank body away over his horse's head1 in the eagerness of his flight4 ,they had now reached the road which turns off to ,sleepy ,hollow2 but ,gunpowder1 who seemed possessed with a demon1 instead of keeping up it1 made an opposite turn1 and plunged headlong down hill to the left4 ,this road leads through a sandy hollow1 shaded by trees for about a quarter of a mile1 where it crosses the bridge famous in goblin story2 and just beyond swells the green knoll on which stands the whitewashed church4 ,just as he had got halfway through the hollow1 the girths of the saddle gave way1 and ,ichabod felt it slipping from under him4 ,he seized it by the pommel1 and tried to hold it firm1 but in vain4 ,he had just time to save himself by clasping ,gunpowder round the neck1 when the saddle fell to the earth1 and he heard it trampled under foot by his pursuer4 ,for a moment the terror of its owner's wrath passed across his mind1 for it was his ,sunday saddle2 but this was no time for petty fears4 ,he had much ado to keep his seat1 sometimes slipping on one side1 sometimes on another1 and sometimes jolted on the high ridge of his horse's backbone with a violence that was far from pleasant4 ,an opening in the trees now cheered him with the hope that the church bridge was at hand4 8,if ,i can but reach that bridge10 thought ,ichabod1 8,i am safe40 ,just then he heard the black steed panting and blowing close behind him4 ,he even fancied that he felt his hot breath4 ,another kick in the ribs1 and old ,gunpowder sprang upon the bridge2 he thundered over the resounding planks2 he gained the opposite side2 and now ,ichabod cast a look behind to see if his pursuer should vanish in a flash of fire and brimstone4 ,just then he saw the goblin rising in his stirrups1 and in the very act of hurling his head at him4 ,ichabod tried to dodge the horrible missile1 but too late4 ,it encountered his cranium with a tremendous crash4 ,he was tumbled headlong into the dust2 and ,gunpowder1 the black steed1 and the goblin rider passed by like a whirlwind4 ,the next morning the old horse was found without his saddle1 and with the bridle under his feet1 soberly cropping the grass at his master's gate4 ,ichabod did not make his appearance at breakfast4 ,dinner hour came1 but no ,ichabod4 ,the boys assembled at the schoolhouse1 and strolled idly about the banks of the brook2 but no schoolmaster4 ,an inquiry was set on foot1 and after much investigation they came upon his traces4 ,in one part of the road by the church was found the saddle trampled in the dirt4 ,the tracks of horses' hoofs deeply dented in the road1 and evidently at furious speed1 were traced to the bridge1 beyond which1 on the bank of a broad part of the brook1 where the water ran deep and black1 was found the hat of the unfortunate ,ichabod1 and close beside it a shattered pumpkin4 ,the brook was searched1 but the body of the schoolmaster was not to be discovered4 ,as ,ichabod was a bachelor1 and in nobody's debt1 nobody troubled his head any more about him4 ,it is true1 an old farmer1 who went down to ,new ,york on a visit several years after1 brought home the intelligence that ,ichabod ,crane was still alive2 that he had left the neighborhood1 partly through fear of the goblin and the farmer whose horse he had ridden1 and partly for other reasons2 that he had changed his quarters to a distant part of the country1 had kept school and studied law1 and finally had been made a justice of the ,ten ,pound ,court4 ,brom ,bones1 too1 was observed to look very knowing whenever the story of ,ichabod was related1 and always burst into a hearty laugh at the mention of the pumpkin1 which led some to suppose that he knew more about the matter than he chose to tell4 --,,washington ,,irving4 ,,the ,,bluebird ,when ,god had made a host of them1 ,one little flower still lacked a stem ,to hold its blossom blue2 ,so into it ,he breathed a song1 ,and suddenly1 with petals strong ,as wings1 away it flew4 --,,father ,,tabb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we live in deeds1 not years2 in thoughts1 not breaths2 ,in feelings1 not in figures on a dial4 ,we should count time by heart-throbs4 ,he most lives ,who thinks most1 feels the noblest1 acts the best4 --,,philip ,,james ,,bailey4 ,,the ,,brook ,i come from haunts of coot and hern1 ,i make a sudden sally1 ,and sparkle out among the fern ,to bicker down a valley4 ,by thirty hills ,i hurry down1 ,or slip between the ridges1 ,by twenty thorps1 a little town1 ,and half a hundred bridges4 ,till last by ,philip's farm ,i flow ,to join the brimming river1 ,for men may come and men may go1 ,but ,i go on forever4 ,i chatter over stony ways1 ,in little sharps and trebles1 ,i bubble into eddying bays1 ,i babble on the pebbles4 ,with many a curve my banks ,i fret ,by many a field and fallow1 ,and many a fairy foreland set ,with willow weed and mallow4 ,i chatter1 chatter1 as ,i flow ,to join the brimming river1 ,for men may come and men may go1 ,but ,i go on forever4 ,i wind about1 and in and out1 ,with here a blossom sailing1 ,and here and there a lusty trout1 ,and here and there a grayling4 ,and here and there a foamy flake ,upon me1 as ,i travel ,with many a silvery waterbreak ,above the golden gravel4 ,and draw them all along1 and flow ,to join the brimming river1 ,for men may come and men may go1 ,but ,i go on forever4 ,i slip1 ,i slide1 ,i gloom1 ,i glance1 ,among my skimming swallows2 ,i make the netted sunbeams dance ,against my sandy shallows4 ,i murmur under moon and stars ,in brambly wildernesses2 ,i linger by my shingly bars2 ,i loiter round my cresses2 ,and out again ,i curve and flow ,to join the brimming river1 ,for men may come and men may go1 ,but ,i go on forever4 --,,alfred ,,tennyson4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,a ,,happy ,,child ,i chevalier poem education opera conservatory poetry poverty accord applause talent composer theater ,the ,chevalier had found a lad who would be worthy of his care4 ,to be sure he was but a peasant boy full of fun and laughter4 ,the ,chevalier himself had once been young and remembered how tempting the sunshine used to be and the fields and the ripe nuts of autumn4 ,he had marked with pleasure this handsome lad1 and watched with interest his changing face and dancing eye as he went on his merry way4 8,i shall ask him to my house10 thought the ,chevalier1 8and see what he will say to my books40 ,so ,giochino went to the ,chevalier's house and listened eagerly while the ,chevalier told him of the beautiful verses and stories which many of the books contained4 ,now and then the ,chevalier would read a few lines from a poem4 ,the boy loved poetry4 ,it was sweet in sound and had a movement like the gliding of boats on still water4 ,it made him forget everything else1--even how he had teased his old music teacher1 and that his mother was sometimes sad4 ,perhaps he was a little lonesome1 for his mother1 whom he loved dearly1 was often far off4 ,she was working for her boy1 saving every cent possible to give him the musical education for which she had longed4 ,here and there throughout ,italy she went singing in one of the traveling opera companies so common in those days4 ,in her younger years her voice had been full and strong1 but now it was failing and she wondered what would happen to ,giochino4 ,but the boy's heart was too joyous to be cast down by poverty or trouble4 ,the days were bright and sunny1 why should he not be gay8 ,his voice was clear1 true1 pure in tone1 and almost of its own accord broke into song4 ,occasionally he1 too1 would earn a little money by singing at the theater4 ,after a time he was able to study music with a master and finally entered the conservatory at ,bologna4 ,here he was taught some of the more difficult things about music4 ,it was not long before he discovered that he already knew enough to write operas4 ,he was delighted4 ,he would go to seek his fortune4 ,his teacher1 realizing that he had extraordinary talent1 wished him to continue his study further and even offered to instruct him in the stately music of the ,church1 if he would remain4 ,but the youth did not heed his offer and started forth4 ,in his happy1 aimless way he went from place to place4 ,he sang1 he accompanied1 he directed and composed4 ,he was always good-natured1 always generous1 and never without friends4 ,it was evening in ,venice4 ,the opera was just over4 ,people were thronging from the door of the opera house4 ,they were talking excitedly4 ,evidently they were much pleased4 ,giochino ,rossini's opera1 8,tancred10 had been presented for the first time4 ,it had been received with wild applause4 ,rossini was surprised at this4 8,i fancied10 he said1 8that1 after hearing my opera1 they would put me into the madhouse4 ,but they are madder than ,i40 ,,ii popular finally composition indignation spirit composer message mentioned ,when he was but twenty-four ,rossini produced what has been1 perhaps1 the most popular of his operas1 8,the ,barber of ,seville40 ,but fame alone could not make him content4 ,beyond ,italy the world was wide4 ,the spirit of the man was as restless as that of the boy4 ,he went to ,vienna1 and finally to ,paris4 ,in ,paris he felt he could work at his best4 ,here he composed his great masterpiece in opera1 8,william ,tell40 ,it was the story in music and song of the great ,swiss hero1 of whom you have doubtless heard many tales4 ,for years the hero had seen his country bound under the hand of a tyrant4 ,his soul was on fire with indignation4 ,his country must be freed4 ,he would make it free4 ,nothing but grand and noble music could tell such a story4 ,yet ,rossini has told it wonderfully4 ,the opera was brought out in ,paris and has been played many times since4 ,although as yet you may not have listened to any of the music which has been mentioned thus far1 the most of you have probably heard many times ,rossini's finest composition4 ,when he wrote it1 he was forty-five2 and when it was done1 he wrote no longer4 ,this was his last message to the world4 ,this was the 8,stabat ,mater10 sung for the first time on ,good ,friday4 ,in his house in ,paris ,rossini gathered about him many friends1 among them young men who desired to become musicians1 poets1 or writers4 ,his generous heart was full to the last of merriment and song1 though as a composer he was silent4 ,he was born at ,pesaro1 ,italy1 ,february #bi1 #agib1 and died in ,paris1 ,november #ac1 #ahfh4 ,,may ,,carol ,see the robins swinging ',mid the orchards' snow2 ,feel the perfumed breezes ,wafted to and fro2 ,listen to the music ,heard from bird and spray2 ,lift your hearts1 ye sad ones1 ',tis the lovely ,may4 ,ah1 our hearts were weary ,waiting for the light1 ,for the frosts to vanish ,with their bitter blight3 ,see1 the earth's brown bosom ,heaves1 where zephyrs play2 ,see1 she thrills and answers ,to the touch of ,may4 ,may1 all fresh and smiling1 ,sweet--from heaven above2 ,may1 our souls beguiling ,with her dreams of love3 ,violet-eyed and fragrant-- ,how our pulses play ',neath the virgin beauty ,of the radiant ,may4 ,lift your hearts up3 floating ,through the gold and blue ,where the liquid sunlight ,streams and filters through1 ,there a ,lady1 smiling1 ,stands 'mid cloudless day-- ,snow-white ,virgin-,mother1 ,dazzling ,queen of ,may4 --,,mary ,,antonia1 ,,sister ,,of ,,mercy4 ,,the ,,precious ,,blood ,,of ,,jesus ,o ,precious ,blood of ,jesus1 ,shed for me1 ,upon the cruel cross of ,calvary3 ,each drop of blood so precious1 ,and the pain1 ,a sacrifice was offered ,not in vain4 ,o ,precious ,blood of ,jesus1 ,may ,i feel ,the fire of love for ,christ1 and ,holy zeal6 ,o ,precious ,blood of ,jesus1 ,cleansing1 pure6 ,inflame my soul with ardor ,to endure4 --,,henry ,,coyle4 ,,the ,,spanish ,,cook peasant zealous summit intervals chef caprice recovery porridge plaza vespers procession accident ,pilar was a young peasant woman4 ,i do not know from what village she came1 somewhere in the neighborhood of ,malaga4 ,she was paid three dollars a month1 and she 8found0 herself4 ,a man cook in that happy land gets five dollars a month1 but times were bad1 and my friends had for three years to content themselves with a woman cook4 ,she cooked well1 though1 and cheerfully1 and she prepared more meals in the twenty-four hours than any other cook ,i ever heard of4 ,she seemed to have identified herself thoroughly with the family1 and to work with a zealous love for them all4 ,there was1 however1 one of the many children for whom she had a special affection1 a very delicate little maiden of two and a half4 ,during the autumn this child had been desperately ill4 ,the doctors gave no hope4 ,pilar in anguish prayed for her recovery1 and promised the ,bestower of life that if ,he would spare little ,anita1 she would1 before the end of ,holy ,week1 carry to the shrine on the top of the 8,calvary0 outside the town1 one pound of olive oil to be burned in ,his honor4 ,she promised a great many prayers besides1 which she managed to get said1 in the intervals of her frying and stewing and boiling4 ,well1 the little girl1 contrary to the doctors1 began to mend1 and finally was entirely restored to health4 ,pilar was most grateful1 and said many ,aves in thanksgiving4 ,the winter was a busy one1 and then ,lent came and seemed not less busy in that big household4 ,pilar did not forget the pound of oil1 but there never seemed a moment when she could ask a half day to go and carry it to the shrine4 ,holy ,week came1 ,monday1 ,tuesday1 ,wednesday1 ,thursday1--what should she do6 ,she could scarcely get away from her work even to go out to her parish church on ,holy ,thursday to say a little prayer before the ,repository1 where1 throned in flowers and lighted with myriad candles1 the ,blessed ,sacrament is kept till the morning of ,good ,friday4 ,as to going to seven churches and saying her prayers before each ,repository as other people did1 that1 alas6 was not 8for the likes of her40 ,she had a dumb1 deep-down feeling1 however1 that the good ,god knew1 and that it would be all right4 ,on her way back from her hurried prayer at the church1 a procession passed which she watched for a moment4 ,but this only proved painful1 for it had begun to rain1 and her pious ,southern soul was aflame with wrath that the image of the ,blessed ,redeemer should be exposed to the storm4 8,they don't care about wetting his dear curls10 she cried1 8as long as they can have a good procession40 ,she shook her fist at the crowd1 and came away in tears4 ,her mistress1 a devout ,catholic1 tried to console her by reminding her that1 after all1 it was only an image and not the dear ,lord she loved4 ,oh1 she knew that2 but 8it was cruel1 but it was shameful60 ,she felt as a mother would feel if the dress of her dead baby1 or its little half-worn shoe1 were spoiled by the caprice or cold-heartedness of some one who had no feeling for it4 ,all together ,holy ,thursday was not very consoling to ,pilar1 and the pound of oil grew heavier every hour4 ,the next day1 ,good ,friday1 she had only time to go to church through the silent streets1 where no wheels were heard1 and say her prayers and look at the black1 black altars and the veiled statues4 ,that night1 after her work was done1 and the last baby had been served with its last porridge1 she put her kitchen in hurried order1 and stole out silently4 ,she had bought the pound of oil at a little shop in the next street and1 hiding it under her shawl1 turned her steps towards ,barcenillas4 ,the night was black and tempestuous4 ,a hot1 dry wind blew2 occasionally a gust brought a few drops of rain1 but more often it was a gale which made the street lamps blink1 and whirled the dust around her4 ,it was a long way to the suburb2 it was late2 there were few abroad1 but no matter1 the good ,lord knew why she was out1 and ,he would take care of her4 ,there are no street cars running in the days of ,holy ,week4 ,from ,holy ,thursday till after the cathedral bells ring for first vespers on ,holy ,saturday1 no wheels move in the streets of ,malaga4 ,it was nearly midnight when she got to ,barcenillas4 ,she crossed the silent plaza1 passed through the gate1 and began the ascent of the steep hill4 ,there is a great broad road that winds up it1 and at every 8station0 there is a lamp burning4 ,she knelt at each as she reached it4 ,but the place was very lonely2 the eucalyptus trees shook and whispered to each other1 and the lamps were dim and flickered in the rough wind4 ,the night before there had been processions all through the night1 crowds upon crowds going up the hill2 she would not have been lonely then4 ,but she could not get away1 because of little ,josef's being ill and needing the water heated for his bath every hour4 ,yes1 it would have been nicer last night1 with all the priests1 and all the chanting1 and all the flaming torches4 ,but the good ,god knew all about it1--why she did not come then1 when she wanted to4 ,she would not worry1 but she said her prayers with chattering teeth1 and many furtive looks behind her4 ,at last she reached the summit1 where in a little chapel burned the light that could be seen for miles around ,malaga4 ,there a solitary brother knelt1 saying his beads1 and keeping watch4 ,she said her last prayers at the altar1 and left the votive oil with the friar1 who commended her piety and was very kind4 ,as she came out1 the clouds broke and the ,paschal moon shone through them1 and the broad road led down with smooth ease towards the sleeping1 silent city4 ,her steps made just as lonely echoes on the stones of the deserted streets1 but she felt herself favored of heaven1 as no doubt she was1 and all her fears were gone4 ,it was after three o'clock when she let herself in at the kitchen door2 and it was several weeks before her mistress learned1 by accident1 of the dolorous little pilgrimage4 --,,miriam ,,coles ,,harris4 ,,the ,,planting ,,of ,,the ,,apple ,,tree cleave lea roseate tenderly mold fruitage verdurous crimson haunt sojourners fraud rhymes ,come1 let us plant the apple tree4 ,cleave the tough greensward with the spade2 ,wide let its hollow bed be made2 ,there gently lay the roots1 and there ,sift the dark mold with kindly care1 ,and press it o'er them tenderly1 ,as round the sleeping infant's feet ,we softly fold the cradle sheet2 ,so plant we the apple tree4 ,what plant we in this apple tree8 ,buds which the breath of summer days ,shall lengthen into leafy sprays2 ,boughs where the thrush1 with crimson breast1 ,shall haunt and sing and hide her nest2 ,we plant1 upon the sunny lea1 ,a shadow for the noontide hour1 ,a shelter from the summer shower1 ,when we plant the apple tree4 ,what plant we in this apple tree8 ,sweets for a hundred flowery springs1 ,to load the ,may wind's restless wings1 ,when1 from the orchard row1 he pours ,its fragrance through our open doors2 ,a world of blossoms for the bee1 ,flowers for the sick girl's silent room1 ,for the glad infant sprigs of bloom1 ,we plant with the apple tree4 ,what plant we in this apple tree8 ,fruits that shall swell in sunny ,june1 ,and redden in the ,august noon1 ,and drop1 when gentle airs come by1 ,that fan the blue ,september sky2 ,while children come1 with cries of glee1 ,and seek them where the fragrant grass ,betrays their bed to those who pass1 ,at the foot of the apple tree4 ,and when1 above this apple tree1 ,the winter stars are quivering bright1 ,and winds go howling through the night1 ,girls1 whose young eyes o'erflow with mirth1 ,shall peel its fruits by cottage hearth1 ,and guests in prouder homes shall see1 ,heaped with the grape of ,cintra's vine1 ,and golden orange of the line1 ,the fruit of the apple tree4 ,the fruitage of this apple tree1 ,winds and our flag of stripe and star ,shall bear to coasts that lie afar1 ,where men shall wonder at the view1 ,and ask in what fair groves they grew2 ,and sojourners beyond the sea ,shall think of childhood's careless day1 ,and long1 long hours of summer play1 ,in the shade of the apple tree4 ,each year shall give this apple tree ,a broader flush of roseate bloom1 ,a deeper maze of verdurous gloom1 ,and loosen1 when the frost-clouds lower1 ,the crisp brown leaves in thicker shower4 ,the years shall come and pass1 but we ,shall hear no longer1 where we lie1 ,the summer's songs1 the autumn's sigh1 ,in the boughs of the apple tree4 ,and time shall waste this apple tree4 ,oh1 when its aged branches throw ,thin shadows on the ground below1 ,shall fraud and force and iron will ,oppress the weak and helpless still8 ,what shall the tasks of mercy be1 ,amid the toils1 the strifes1 the tears ,of those who live when length of years ,is wasting this apple tree8 8,who planted this old apple tree80 ,the children of that distant day ,thus to some aged man shall say2 ,and1 gazing on its mossy stem1 ,the gray-haired man shall answer them3 8,a poet of the land was he1 ,born in the rude but good old times2 ',tis said he made some quaint old rhymes ,on planting the apple tree40 --,,william ,,cullen ,,bryant4 ,,the ,,conversion ,,of ,,king ,,ratbodo dunes miracle indignation devastating righteous policy obstinate development terror pagan chieftain abomination ,st4 ,wulfram and his monks had much work for a time4 ,the ,frisians came in crowds for ,christian instructions and baptism4 ,it was a great and hard task to teach human beings in the lowest stage of development4 ,moreover1 the teachings of the missionaries were opposed in all things to the traditional customs of the people4 ,many wrongs1 such as slavery1 for instance1 could not be set aside at once4 ,moreover1 if the people were to be made peaceful and weaned from their wildness1 they had to be taught other ways of support than plundering and hunting4 ,so the ,benedictines taught the converts not only ,christian doctrine1 but how to plow and to plant4 ,they built dunes to hold out the devastating sea1 and sent to their abbey home for seeds and implements4 ,in a few years the face of ,frisia was greatly changed4 ,ratbodo had given ,wulfram land and a dwelling near his own residence4 ,in this way he could best keep track of everything that happened at the mission4 ,the king himself remained obdurate in his paganism4 ,once he said1 tauntingly1 to the entreating ,wulfram1 that if the ,christian ,god would work a miracle for him especially1 he would be converted4 ,wulfram reminded him of the miracles he had seen and had not been converted4 ,then ,ratbodo said that if the table in front of him were changed into gold1 he would yield2 but ,wulfram1 in righteous indignation1 told him how childish was such a request4 ,all the while the chieftains were urging the king to send away the bishop4 ,but he laughed at them1 saying that what ,wulfram had built up he himself would destroy in ten days when the time came1 just as had been done in the case of many others4 ,even the king's little son1 ,clodio1 was baptized and died a ,christian1 but the king only smiled4 ,his day was coming1 he held4 ,then ,wulfram went back to ,fontinella to get more monks1 laborers1 and lay brothers for his work in ,frisia4 ,the converted ,frisians were beginning to realize the blessings of regular and well-ordered work4 ,there were more and more laborers and fewer sea robbers and warriors4 ,nevertheless1 the great mass of the ,frisian people remained obstinate1 following the example of the king and the great chiefs4 ,among the gods whose wrath the ,frisians most feared was the god of the sea4 ,the lowness of the land made frequent inundations inevitable4 ,besides1 ,frisians1 when not robbing1 were fishing1 or living on the water in some way4 ,thus they were always anxious to pacify the mighty god of the floods4 ,on this day1 too1 a great multitude1 together with the king and the chieftains1 were gathered at the sea-coast1 waiting to soothe the water deity by human sacrifice4 ,the lot had fallen on two little boys this time1 the only children of a widow4 ,at the time of low tide the little ones were laid on a projecting point of land1 so that the rising waters would cover them4 ,their feet were tied so cunningly that the childish hands could not undo the knots4 ,thus they sat on the beach1 waiting the waters that were to be their death4 ,several hundred feet back1 the crowds were gathered to watch the unhappy spectacle4 ,in the foreground sat a young woman1 the mother of the children1 weeping and moaning in her grief1 without1 however1 waking the faintest sympathy in the hearts of the by-standers4 ,the waters were even then advancing on the point of land1 and a strong wind was driving up the flood in great waves4 ,the little ones began to scream in terror as the spray struck them1 and the mother sprang to her feet4 ,if she had not been held fast1 she would have flung herself into the water with her children4 ,gradually the land disappeared2 nothing was left but the raised point to which the children clung4 ,one could see how the older boy was trying to hold up his little brother4 8,king60 said a voice1 ringing with a holy anger1 8why this abomination before the eyes of almighty ,god80 ,ratbodo started and the chieftains stared in silent astonishment4 8,we are offering sacrifice to the god of the waters10 said the king1 after a moment4 8,go take the victims away from him if you can2 they may be your slaves and the slaves of your ,god for the rest of time10 he added with a sneer4 8,so be it10 answered ,wulfram4 ,turning1 he made the sign of the cross over the rising tide and walked out as if on solid land4 ,the ,christians present in the crowd cried aloud for joy1 but the pagans stood in wonder bordering on fear4 ,the king himself was most moved by the miraculous sight4 ,his eyes were fixed1 his face pale as death4 ,he was convinced that in the saint walking thus unharmed over the waters he saw an unmistakable manifestation of the power of the ,christian ,god4 8,that is even more than a golden table10 he whispered tremblingly4 ,wulfram lifted the children out of the water and carried them to the land4 ,at once the ,frisians crowded about him1 asking to be made ,christians4 ,ratbodo himself said3-- 8,it is but right that a man should keep his word4 ,i said to you years ago that if your ,god would make a golden table before my eyes1 ,i would become a ,christian4 ,but ,he did more4 ,he made a solid floor of the moving sea4 ,come to me every day and instruct me40 --,,conrad ,,von ,,bolanden4 ,,the ,,blessed ,,virgin ,,mary ,if our faith had given us nothing more ,than this example of all womanhood1 ,so mild1 so merciful1 so strong1 so good1 ,so patient1 peaceful1 loyal1 loving1 pure1 ,this were enough to prove it higher and truer ,than all creeds the world had known before4 --,h4 ,w4 ,,longfellow4 ,from ,the ,golden ,legend4 ,,come ,,to ,,jesus ,illustration ,souls of men6 why will ye scatter ,like a crowd of frightened sheep8 ,foolish hearts6 why will ye wander ,from a love so true and deep8 ,was there ever kindest shepherd ,half so gentle1 half so sweet ,as the ,saviour who would have us ,come and gather round ,his feet8 ,it is ,god3 ,his love looks mighty1 ,but is mightier than it seems3 ',tis our ,father3 and ,his fondness ,goes far out beyond our dreams4 ,there's a wideness in ,god's mercy1 ,like the wideness of the sea3 ,there's a kindness in ,his justice1 ,which is more than liberty4 ,there is no place where earthly sorrows ,are more felt than up in heaven2 ,there is no place where earthly failings ,have such kindly judgment given4 ,there is welcome for the sinner1 ,and more graces for the good2 ,there is mercy with the ,saviour2 ,there is healing in ,his ,blood4 ,there is grace enough for thousands ,of new worlds as great as this2 ,there is room for fresh creations ,in that upper home of bliss4 ,for the love of ,god is broader ,than the treasures of man's mind2 ,and the heart of the ,eternal ,is most wonderfully kind4 ,there is plentiful redemption ,in the ,blood that has been shed2 ,there is joy for all the members ,in the sorrows of the ,head4 ,if our love were but more simple1 ,we should take ,him at ,his word2 ,and our lives would be all sunshine ,in the sweetness of our ,lord4 --,,father ,,faber4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be comforted2 and blessd be ,the meek1 the merciful1 the pure ,of heart2 for they shall see1 shall hear ,god's mercy4 ,so shall peace endure4 --,,joaquin ,,miller4 ,,father ,,marquette expedition martyrdom humility adieu investigation utterance fathoms erect deputed banquet domestic cubit ,in #afgb1 letters from ,quebec informed ,marquette that the government had taken up the project of exploring the ,mississippi1 and that he was the missionary selected to accompany the expedition4 ,his heart exulted at the prospect4 ,the hope of a glorious martyrdom while opening the way to future heralds of the ,cross buoyed him up1 though in his humility he never spoke of martyrdom4 ,to him it was but a death1 8to cease to offend ,god40 ,the winter was spent by the two explorers in studying all that had yet been learned of the great river1 in gathering around them every ,indian wanderer1 and amid the tawny group drawing their first rude map of the ,mississippi1 and the water courses that led to it4 ,and on this first map1 traced doubtless kneeling on the ground1 they set down the name of each tribe they were to pass1 each important point to be met4 ,the undertaking was dangerous1 but it was not to be rash3 all was the result of calm1 cool investigation4 ,in the spring they embarked at ,mackinaw in two frail bark canoes2 each with his paddle in hand1 and full of hope1 they soon plied them merrily over the crystal waters of the lake4 ,illustration3 8,,they ,,happily ,,glided ,,into ,,the ,,great ,,river40 ,all was new to ,marquette4 ,he had now attained the limit of former discoveries1 the new world was before them2 they looked back a last adieu to the waters1 which1 great as the distance was1 connected them with ,quebec and their countrymen2 they knelt on the shore to offer1 by a new devotion1 their lives1 their honor1 and their undertaking to their beloved mother the ,virgin ,mary ,immaculate2 then1 launching on the broad ,wisconsin1 they sailed slowly down its current1 amid its vine-clad isles and its countless sand bars4 ,no sound broke the stillness1 no human form appeared1 and at last1 after sailing seven days1 on the #agth of ,june they happily glided into the great river4 ,joy that could find no utterance in words filled the grateful heart of ,marquette4 ,the broad river of the ,conception1 as he named it1 now lay before them1 stretching away hundreds of miles to an unknown sea4 8,the ,mississippi ,river10 he writes1 8has its source in several lakes in the country of the nations at the north2 it is narrow at the mouth of the ,wisconsin2 its current1 which runs south1 is slow and gentle4 ,on the right is a considerable chain of very high mountains1 and on the left fine lands2 it is in many places studded with islands4 ,on sounding we found ten fathoms of water4 ,its breadth varies greatly2 sometimes it is three quarters of a league broad1 and then narrows in to less than two hundred yards4 ,we followed its course quietly1 as it bears south and southeast to the forty-second degree4 8,then we perceive that the whole face of the country changes4 ,scarcely a forest or mountain is now in sight4 ,the islands increase in beauty and are covered with finer trees2 we see nothing but deer and elk1 wild geese and swans unable to fly1 as they are here moulting4 ,from time to time we encounter monstrous fish1 one of which struck our canoe with such violence that ,i took it for a large tree that would knock our frail craft to pieces4 ,another time we perceived on the water a bearded monster with a tiger's head1 a pointed muzzle like a wild cat2 ears erect1 a gray head but a jet-black neck4 ,it was the only one we beheld4 8,when we cast our nets we took sturgeon1 and a very strange fish resembling a trout1 but with larger mouth and smaller eyes and snout4 ,from the last projects a large bone1 three fingers wide1 and a cubit long2 the end is round and as wide as a hand4 ,when the fish leaps out of water1 the weight of this bone often throws it back4 8,having descended the river to #da #b1 still keeping the same direction1 we found that turkeys took the place of other wild birds1 and wild cattle replaced other animals4 ,we call them wild cattle1 because they resemble our domestic ones4 ,they are not longer1 but almost as bulky again1 and more corpulent4 ,our man killed one1 and the three of us could move it only with great difficulty4 ,the head is very large1 the forehead flat and a half yard broad between the horns1 which resemble exactly those of our oxen1 but are black and longer4 ,a large crop hangs down from the neck1 and there is a high hump on the back4 ,the whole head1 neck1 and part of the shoulders are covered with a great mane like a horse's2 it is a foot long and gives them a hideous appearance1 and as it falls over the eyes prevents their seeing straight ahead4 8,the rest of the body is covered with a coarse curly hair like the wool of our sheep1 but much stronger and thicker4 ,this is shed every summer1 and then the skin is as soft as velvet4 ,at this time the ,indians employ the skins to make beautiful robes1 which they paint with various colors4 ,the flesh and fat are excellent1 and furnish the best dish at banquets4 ,they are very fierce1 and not a year passes without their killing some ,indian4 ,when attacked1 they take a man with their horns1 if they can1 lift him up1 and then dash him on the ground1 and trample him to death4 8,when you fire at them from a distance with gun or bow1 you must throw yourself on the ground as soon as you fire1 and hide in the grass1 for if they perceive the person who fired1 they rush on him and attack him4 ,as their feet are large and rather short1 they do not generally move fast1 unless they are provoked4 ,they are scattered over the prairies like herds of cattle4 ,i have seen four hundred of them in a band40 ,at last1 on the #beth of ,june1 they descried footprints on the shore4 ,they now took heart again1 and ,joliet and the missionary1 leaving their five men in the canoes1 followed a little beaten path to discover who the tribe might be4 ,they traveled on in silence almost to the cabin doors1 when they halted1 and with a loud halloo proclaimed their coming4 ,three villages lay before them2 the first1 roused by the cry1 poured forth its motley group1 which halted at the sight of the newcomers and the well-known dress of the missionary4 8,they deputed four old men to come and speak with us10 says ,marquette4 8,two carried tobacco pipes richly adorned and trimmed with feathers of many kinds4 ,they walked slowly1 lifting their pipes toward the sun1 as if offering them to him to smoke1 but yet without uttering a single word4 ,they were a long time coming the short distance between us and the village4 ,having at last reached us1 they stopped to examine us carefully4 8,on seeing these ceremonies which are used only with friends1 ,i took courage1 more especially as ,i saw they wore ,european goods1 which made me judge them to be allies of the ,french4 ,i therefore spoke to them first1 and asked them who they were4 ,they answered3 #8,we are ,illinois1' and in token of peace they offered us their pipes to smoke4 ,they then invited us to their village1 where the whole tribe impatiently awaited us4 8,at the door of the cabin in which we were to be received was an old man awaiting us in a very remarkable attitude4 ,it is their usual ceremony in receiving strangers4 ,this man stood perfectly naked1 with his hands stretched out and raised toward the sun1 as if he wished to screen himself from its rays1 which nevertheless passed through his fingers to his face4 ,when we came near him1 he addressed this compliment to us3 #8,how beautiful is the sun1 ,o ,frenchman1 when thou comest to visit us6 ,all our town awaits thee1 and thou shalt enter all our cabins in peace1' ,he then took us into his1 where there was a crowd of people1 who devoured us with their eyes1 but maintained the deepest silence4 ,we heard1 however1 these words occasionally addressed to us3 #8,well done1 brothers1 to visit us6'0 ,then the great peace calumet was brought and solemnly smoked1 and the two ,frenchmen were conducted to the village of the great sachem4 ,here1 too1 they were received with pomp1 and the calumet was again smoked4 ,marquette explained the object of their voyage to visit the nations living on the great river1 and announce to them the word of ,god their ,creator4 ,they told the ,illinois that they were sent by the great chief of the ,french1 and asked information as to the nations between them and the sea4 ,the sachem presented them an ,indian slave1 saying3 8,i thank thee1 ,blackgown1 and thee1 ,frenchman1 for taking so much pains to come and visit us2 never has the earth been so beautiful1 nor the sun so bright as to-day2 never has our river been so calm1 nor so free from rocks1 which your canoes have removed as they passed2 never has our tobacco had so fine a flavor1 nor our corn appeared so beautiful as we behold it to-day4 ,here is my son1 whom ,i give thee1 that thou mayst know my heart4 ,i pray thee to take pity on me and all my nation4 ,thou knowest the ,great ,spirit who has made us all2 thou speakest to ,him and hearest ,his word4 ,ask ,him to give me life and health1 and come and dwell with us that we may know ,him40 ,they feasted the two ,frenchmen1 and gave them a calumet of peace as a safeguard against hostile tribes1 but tried to persuade them to go no farther4 --,,john ,,gilmary ,,shea4 ,,the ,,shepherd ,,of ,,king ,,admetus ,there came a youth upon the earth1 ,some thousand years ago1 ,whose slender hands were nothing worth1 ,whether to plow1 or reap1 or sow4 ,upon an empty tortoise shell ,he stretched some chords1 and drew ,music that made men's bosoms swell ,fearless1 or brimmed their eyes with dew4 ,then ,king ,admetus1 one who had ,pure taste by right divine1 ,decreed his singing not too bad ,to hear between the cups of wine4 ,and so1 well pleased with being soothed ,into a sweet half-sleep1 ,three times his kingly beard he smoothed1 ,and made him viceroy o'er his sheep4 ,his words were simple words enough1 ,and yet he used them so1 ,that what in other mouths was rough ,in his seemed musical and low4 ,men called him but a shiftless youth ,in whom no good they saw2 ,and yet1 unwittingly1 in truth1 ,they made his careless words their law4 ,they knew not how he learned at all1 ,for idly1 hour by hour1 ,he sat and watched the dead leaves fall1 ,or mused upon a common flower4 ,it seemed the loveliness of things ,did teach him all their use1 ,for1 in mere weeds1 and stones1 and springs1 ,he found a healing power profuse4 ,men granted that his speech was wise1 ,but1 when a glance they caught ,of his slim grace and woman's eyes1 ,they laughed1 and called him good-for-naught4 ,yet after he was dead and gone1 ,and e'en his memory dim1 ,earth seemed more sweet to live upon1 ,more full of love1 because of him4 --,,james ,,russell ,,lowell4 ,,the ,,sermon ,,on ,,the ,,mount ,i consent reckoning solemnly honors possess justice merciful persecution thirst really content satisfy ,one day a vast multitude follows our ,blessed ,lord up a mountain side4 ,they come trooping after ,him1 men1 women1 and children2 their homes1 their business1 all the cares of this life1 by common consent left behind4 ,now ,he has stopped and turned round1 facing them4 ,he waits long and patiently as they come toiling up1 guiding them with ,his hand to go here and there where they may hear ,him best4 ,it is ,his first great ,sermon that ,he is going to preach1 this ,sermon on the ,mount1 and it is not only for the numbers beyond all reckoning gathered together here1 but for all that shall come into this world and have to be taught what they must do to save their souls4 ,therefore ,he would speak so solemnly and from such a lofty place4 ,he sits down1 and the ,twelve come and stand around ,him1 or sit on the ground at ,his feet4 ,the people press round as close as they can1 and when all are seated and quiet ,he begins to speak4 ,what will the text of this great ,preacher be8 ,what is the thought uppermost in ,his mind and heart8 ,this--to teach us what we must do to be happy4 ,he knows that we are made for happiness1 and that we long to be happy4 ,but ,he knows1 too1 that very many try to find happiness in things that will not satisfy them1 in the riches1 pleasures1 and honors of this world which can never content our hearts4 ,and so ,he tells us in the beginning of ,his ,sermon on the ,mount who are really blessed or happy4 8,blessed are the poor in spirit1 for theirs is the kingdom of ,heaven4 8,blessed are the meek1 for they shall possess the land4 8,blessed are they that mourn1 for they shall be comforted4 8,blessed are they that hunger and thirst after justice1 for they shall have their fill4 8,blessed are the merciful1 for they shall obtain mercy4 8,blessed are the clean of heart1 for they shall see ,god4 8,blessed are the peacemakers1 for they shall be called the children of ,god4 8,blessed are they that suffer persecution for justice' sake1 for theirs is the kingdom of ,heaven40 ,blessed the sufferers for whom ,heaven is waiting6 this is the text of the ,sermon on the ,mount4 ,,ii envy abundance sufficiency conquerors society invitation spiritual victors raiment contrition special deserve ,the poor in spirit are those who1 having little of the good things of this life1 are content with what ,god has given them1 and do not envy those who are better off4 ,those1 too1 who having a sufficiency or an abundance of the pleasant things of this world1 do not let their hearts get too fond of them1 are ready to give them up if ,god should take them away1 and are generous in sharing them with those in need4 ,to poor1 such as these1 our ,lord promises all the riches of ,heaven by and by4 ,the meek are those who have gained a mastery over anger and revengeful thoughts4 ,they possess as conquerors three lands--the land of their own soul1 which they control as lords and masters1 the ,land of ,heaven1 where nothing will trouble them any more1 and1 strange to say1 that very land in which they seemed to be overcome4 ,for in the little difficulties and differences of daily life1 it is those that yield who are really victors4 ,how many conquests has meekness made6 ,the mourners are those who all their lives long have a quiet1 loving sorrow for their sins--not as though they were unforgiven1 but just because they are forgiven1 because they have offended ,him who forgives so readily and so often4 ,those1 too1 are blessed mourners who remember when sorrow comes that ,he who loves them only permits it for their good1 and that in a very little while ,he will wipe away all tears from their eyes1 and they shall be comforted1 8nor mourning1 nor crying1 nor sorrow shall be any more40 ,who hunger and thirst after justice4 ,the soul1 like the body1 has its hunger and thirst4 ,our ,lord says those are blessed who take care to feed it with those things which keep it alive in the grace of ,god1 with prayer1 and instruction1 and the ,sacraments4 ,blessed are those who hunger after this spiritual food1 who are always trying to get more and more of ,god's grace1 who go hungry to prayer1 hungry to ,confession and ,communion4 ,almighty ,god says1 8,open thy mouth and ,i will fill it40 ,and our ,blessed ,lady sings in her canticle1 8,he hath fed the hungry with good things40 ,it was because all the saints hungered like this that so much was given them4 ,the merciful4 ,there is nothing our ,lord tells us so often and so plainly as this--that to obtain mercy from ,god we must ourselves be merciful4 ,if we wish ,him to judge us kindly and to forgive our many faults1 we must be forgiving and kind4 8,be merciful10 ,he says1 8as your ,heavenly ,father is merciful40 ,he tells us that at the ,last ,day ,he will say 8,come0 to those who have been merciful to others for ,his sake1 and 8,depart from ,me0 to those who have been unmerciful to the poor and needy1 and therefore to ,him4 ,for what we do to ,his least brethren ,he counts as done to ,himself4 ,if1 then1 we want to hear ,his sweet invitation on that dreadful ,day1 we know how to secure it--8,blessed are the merciful1 for they shall obtain mercy40 ,the clean of heart4 ,the reward and the joy of the next life is to see ,god4 ,there are many joys in ,heaven--freedom from pain and care1 the delights of the glorified body1 the society of the ,angels and ,saints1 reunion with those we loved on earth4 ,but all these are as nothing compared with the ,vision of ,god4 ,it is this that makes ,heaven what it is4 ,without this all the rest would not satisfy us4 ,but to see the ,all ,holy ,god we must be holy4 ,in ,heaven all are clothed with white robes1 and the nearer the approach to the ,great ,white ,throne1 the more dazzlingly white is the raiment4 ,we must be getting ready to join that spotless throng4 ,how8 ,by taking as much pains to keep our soul free from stain as we do to prevent soiling our dress when we go along a miry road2 by shunning with care all mortal sin and deliberate venial sin2 by being careful in our examination of conscience1 and often cleansing our soul in the ,sacrament of ,penance1 and by frequent acts of contrition4 ,if we do this we shall be among the clean of heart1 and one day we shall see ,god4 ,the peacemakers4 8,some there are who are neither at peace with themselves nor suffer others to be at peace4 ,and some there are who keep themselves in peace and study to restore peace to others40 ,gladness goes with these peacemakers2 they turn aside little words and jokes that would give pain1 and come among us like our ,blessed ,lord1 whose favorite word of greeting was1 8,peace be to you40 ,they are so like their ,father who is in ,heaven that they deserve to be called in a special way ,his children4 ,the persecuted4 ,if our ,lord had not told us these are blessed1 should we ever have guessed it8 ,to be persecuted seems such a terrible thing1 and so indeed it is unless we can bring ourselves to think more of ,him for whose sake we suffer than of the suffering itself4 ,perhaps we may have known the quiet happiness of being by the side of one we loved who was in pain4 ,the thought that our presence and our sympathy soothed that dear one was greater joy than any pleasure to be found elsewhere4 ,something like this is the gladness those have even now who for our ,lord's sake are hated and persecuted4 ,they know that if they are like ,him in ,his suffering they will be like ,him one day in ,his glory4 ,are they not blessed then8 ,,iii reverent amazement revenge deceive riveted congregation poverty beatitudes ,and now let us stop awhile to look at our dear ,master and ,his hearers4 ,the ,twelve are listening with reverent and fixed attention1 their eyes riveted on ,his blessed face4 ,the people gaze at ,him in amazement and delight4 ,they have been taught to hate their enemies1 to seek revenge1 to think that poverty and suffering are the signs of ,god's anger1 that an abundance of corn and wine and cattle are the rewards for which a good man must hope4 ,their beatitudes would have been1 8,blessed are the rich and the successful1 those that laugh and are held in honor by men40 ,how unlike these to the blessed ones of ,jesus of ,nazareth6 ,his way to happiness was a hard way1 but they knew as they looked up into ,his face that it was the right way4 ,and they felt that ,he could not only teach but help them4 ,had they known the story of ,his life as we do they would have seen that ,he had first practised all ,he taught4 ,he was so poor that ,he had not where to lay ,his head4 ,he was meek and humble of heart1 the ,man of sorrows1 the great ,peacemaker4 ,after the ,sermon our ,lord comes down from the ,mount1 conversing familiarly with ,his disciples1 ,his simple congregation flocking after ,him1 trying to get near ,him1 all so refreshed by ,his company and ,his words4 ,hear them talking of ,him among themselves1 saying1 8,we never heard the like40 ,oh1 if we had seen our ,blessed ,lord as these happy people saw ,him1 if we had followed ,him about with the crowd1 had sat at ,his feet as ,he taught1 and watched ,him as ,he laid ,his hands on the eyes of the blind and the sores of the poor lepers--how we should have loved ,him6 --,,mother ,,mary ,,loyola4 ,,the ,,star-,,spangled ,,banner perilous ramparts haughty conceals conquer desolation hireling confusion motto triumph reposes pollution ,oh say1 can you see by the dawn's early light1 ,what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming-- ,whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight1 ,o'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming8 ,and the rocket's red glare1 the bombs bursting in air1 ,gave proof through the night that our flag was still there4 ,oh say1 does that star-spangled banner yet wave ,o'er the land of the free1 and the home of the brave8 ,on that shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep1 ,where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes1 ,what is that which the breeze1 o'er the towering steep1 ,as it fitfully blows1 half conceals1 half discloses8 ,now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam1 ,in full glory reflected now shines on the stream2 ',tis the star-spangled banner2 ,o long may it wave ,o'er the land of the free1 and the home of the brave6 ,and where is that band who so vauntingly swore ',mid the havoc of war and the battle's confusion1 ,a home and a country shall leave us no more8 ,their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution4 ,no refuge could save the hireling and slave1 ,from the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave4 ,and the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave ,o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave4 ,oh1 thus be it ever when freemen shall stand ,between their loved homes and the war's desolation2 ,blest with victr'y and peace1 may the heaven-rescued land1 ,praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation4 ,then conquer we must1 for our cause it is just1 ,and this be our motto3 8,in ,god is our trust60 ,and the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave ,o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave4 ,,how ,,america ,,was ,,discovered ,i ,,the ,,italian ,,sailor ,italian belief finally dangerous ,indies ocean theory persuade ,europe imagine journey furnish ,about four hundred years ago there came to ,spain an ,italian sailor who believed that the earth is round4 ,such a belief may not seem at all strange to us1 but to the people of that time it appeared to be very foolish and unreasonable4 ,almost everybody laughed at the ,italian1 and called him a silly fellow4 8,have you eyes80 they asked4 8,if so1 you need only to open them and look about you to see that the earth is as flat as the top of a table40 8,you may think it is flat10 he answered1 8and indeed it does appear to be so4 ,but ,i know it is round2 and if ,i had only a good ship or two1 and some trusty sailors1 ,i would prove it to you4 ,i would sail westward across the great ocean1 and in the end would reach the ,indies and ,china1 which must be on the other side of the great round world40 8,who ever heard of such nonsense60 cried his learned critics4 8,everybody knows that ,china and the ,indies are in the far ,east1 and that they can be reached only by a dangerous voyage through the ,mediterranean ,sea1 and long journeys with camels across the great desert4 ,yet1 here is ,mr4 ,crack-brain1 an ,italian sailor1 who says he can go to the ,east by sailing west4 ,one might as well try to reach the moon by going down into a deep well40 8,but you don't understand me10 answered the man whom they had called ,mr4 ,crack-brain4 8,here is an apple4 ,let us suppose that it is the earth4 ,i stick a pin on this side1 and call it ,spain4 ,on the other side ,i stick another pin1 and call it the ,indies4 ,now suppose a fly lights upon the apple at the point which ,i have called ,spain4 ,by turning to the right1 or eastward1 he can travel round to the ,indies with but little trouble2 or by turning to the left1 or westward1 he can reach the same place with just as much ease1 and in really a shorter time4 ,do you see80 8,do we see80 said his hearers4 8,most certainly we see the apple1 and we can imagine that we see the fly4 ,it is very hard1 however1 to imagine that the earth is an apple1 or anything like it4 ,for1 suppose that it were so3 what would become of all the water in the seas and the great ocean8 ,why1 it would run off at the blossom end of the apple1 which you call the ,south ,pole2 and all the rocks and trees and men would follow it4 ,or1 suppose that men could stick to the lower part of the earth as the fly does to the lower part of the apple--how very silly it would be to think of them walking about with their heads hanging down60 8,and suppose10 said one of the doubters1 who thought himself very wise1--8suppose that the earth is round1 and suppose that the water should not spill off1 and suppose you should sail to the other side1 as you want to do1 how are you to get back8 ,did anybody ever hear of a ship sailing uphill80 ,and so1 with sneering remarks1 the wise men dismissed the whole subject4 ,they said it was not worth while for them to spend their time in talking about such things4 ,but the man whom they had called ,mr4 ,crack-brain would not give up his theory4 ,he was not the first man to believe that the earth is round--this he knew2 but he hoped to be the first to prove it by sailing westward1 and thus finally reaching the ,indies1 and the rich countries of the far ,east4 ,and yet he had no ship1 he was very poor1 and the few friends whom he had were not able to give him any help4 8,my only hope10 he said1 8is to persuade the king and queen to furnish me with a ship40 ,but how should an unknown ,italian sailor make himself heard by the king and queen of the most powerful country in ,europe8 ,the great men at the king's court ridiculed him4 8,you had better buy a fisherman's boat10 they said1 8and try to make an honest living with your nets4 ,men of your kind have no business with kings4 ,as to your crazy theory about the shape of the earth1 only think of it6 ,how dare you1 the son of an ,italian wool-comber1 imagine that you know more about it than the wisest men in the world80 ,but he did not despair4 ,for years he followed the king's court from place to place4 ,most people looked upon him as a kind of harmless lunatic who had gotten a single idea in his head and was unable to think of anything else4 ,but there were a few good and wise men who listened to his theories1 and after studying them carefully began to believe that there was some truth in them4 ,one of these men was ,father ,perez1 the prior of the convent of ,la ,rabida1 and1 to please this good prior1 the queen at last sent for the sailor and asked him to tell her all about his strange theories and his plans for sailing west and reaching the ,east4 8,you say that1 if you had the vessels and the men1 you would sail westward and discover new lands on the farther side of the great ocean10 said the queen4 8,what reasons have you for supposing that there are any such lands80 8,my first reason is that1 since the earth is round like a ball1 the countries of ,china and the ,indies must lie in a westward direction and can1 sooner or later1 be reached by sailing across the sea10 was the answer4 8,you1 yourself1 have heard the story of ,st4 ,brandon1 the ,scottish priest1 who1 eight hundred years ago1 was driven by a storm far across the ocean1 and how at last he landed upon a strange and unknown shore4 ,i doubt not but that this country was one of the outlying islands of the ,indies1 or perhaps the eastern shore of ,china4 8,not very long ago1 ,martin ,vincent1 a sea captain of ,lisbon1 ventured to go a distance of four hundred miles from land4 ,there he picked up a piece of wood1 with strange marks and carvings upon it1 which had been drifted from the west by strong winds4 ,other seafaring men have found1 far out in the ocean1 reeds and light wood1 such as travelers say are found in some parts of the ,indies1 but nowhere in ,europe4 ,and if any one should want more proofs than these1 it would not be hard to find them4 ,there is a story among the people of the far north which relates that1 about five hundred years ago1 some bold sea rovers from ,iceland discovered a wild1 wooded country many days' sail to the westward4 ,indeed1 it is said that these men tried to form a settlement there1 and that they sent more than one shipload of grapes and timber back to ,iceland4 ,now1 it is very plain to me that this country of ,vinland1 as they called it1 was no other than a part of the northern coast of ,china or ,japan40 ,it is not to be supposed that the queen cared whether the earth was round or flat2 nor is it likely that her mind was ever troubled with questions of that kind4 ,but she thought that if this man's theories were true1 and there were lands rich in gold and spices on the other side of the ocean1 it would be a fine thing for the queen and king of ,spain to possess them4 ,the ,italian sailor had studied his subject well1 and he certainly knew what he was talking about4 ,he had told his story so well that the queen was almost ready to believe that he was right4 ,but she was very busy just then1 in a war with the ,moors1 and she had little time to think about anything else4 ,if the ,italian would wait till everything else could be settled1 she would see whether a ship or two might not be fitted out for his use4 ,for seven years this man with a new idea kept on trying to find some one who was able and willing to help him carry out the plans which he had so much at heart4 ,at last1 broken in health and almost penniless1 he gave up hope1 and was about to leave ,spain forever4 ,it was then that one of his friends1 ,luis ,st4 ,angel1 pleaded his case before the queen4 8,it will cost but little to fit out two or three ships for him4 ,if the undertaking should prove to be a failure you would not lose much4 ,but if it should succeed1 only think what vast riches and how great honor will be won for ,spain60 8,i will take the risk60 cried the queen1 at last4 8,if the money cannot be had otherwise1 ,i will sell my jewels to get it4 ,find him1 and bring him before me2 and let us lose no more time about this business40 ,st4 ,angel hastened to obey4 8,do you know whether ,christopher ,columbus has passed out through this gate to-day80 he asked of the soldier who was standing guard at one of the gates of the old city of ,granada4 8,christopher ,columbus8 ,who is he80 asked the soldier4 8,he is a gray-bearded man1 rather tall1 with a stoop in his shoulders4 ,when last seen he was riding on a small1 brown mule1 and coming this way40 8,oh8 ,do you mean the fellow who has been trying to make people believe that the earth is round80 8,yes1 that is the man40 8,he passed through here not half an hour ago4 ,his mule is a very slow traveler1 and if you follow1 you can easily overtake him before he has gone far40 ,st4 ,angel gave the rein to his swift horse1 and galloped onward in pursuit of ,columbus4 ,it was not long until the slow-paced mule1 with its sad rider1 was seen plodding along the dusty highway4 ,the man was too busy with his own thoughts to heed the sound of the ringing hoofs behind him4 8,christopher ,columbus60 cried his friend1 8turn about1 and come back with me4 ,i have good news for you4 ,queen ,isabella bids me say that she will help you1 and that you shall have the ships and the men for which you ask4 ,and she hopes that you may find a new way to the ,east1 and perhaps discover unknown lands on the farther side of the great ocean4 ,turn about1 and come back with me60 ,,ii ,,the ,,voyage ,palos ,canary precious monsters ,nia ,santa ,maria anxious venture ,pinta ,perez mysterious expanse ,one morning in ,august1 #adib1 there was a great stir in the little seaport town of ,palos in ,spain4 ,at break of day the streets were full of people4 ,long before sunrise the shore was lined with anxious men1 women1 and children4 ,all were talking about the same thing2 some were weeping2 some appeared to be angry2 some were in despair4 8,only think of it10 said one4 8,think of sailing into seas where the water is always boiling hot40 8,and if you escape being scalded10 said another1 8then there are those terrible sea beasts that are large enough to swallow ships and sailors at a mouthful40 8,it is all on account of that ,italian sailor who says that the world is round10 said a third4 8,he has persuaded several persons1 who ought to know better1 that he can reach the ,east by sailing west40 ,moored near the shore were three small ships4 ,they were but little larger than fishing boats2 and in these frail vessels ,columbus was going to venture into the vast unknown sea1 in search of strange lands and of a new and better way to distant ,india4 ,two of the ships1 the 8,nia0 and the 8,pinta10 had no decks and were covered only at the ends where the sailors slept4 ,the third1 called the 8,santa ,maria10 was larger and had a deck1 and from its masthead floated the flag of ,columbus4 ,it was toward these three ships that the eyes of the people on shore were directed2 it was about these ships and the men on board of them that all were talking4 ,on the deck of the largest ship stood ,columbus1 and by his side was good ,father ,perez1 praying that the voyagers might be blessed with fair winds and a smooth sea1 and that the brave captain might be successful in his quest4 ,then the last good-bys were spoken1 the moorings were cast loose1 the sails were spread2 and1 a little before sunrise1 the vessels glided slowly out of the harbor and into the vast western ocean4 ,the people stood on the shore and watched1 while the sails grew smaller and smaller and at last were lost to sight below the line of sea and sky4 8,alas6 ,we shall never see them again10 said some1 returning to their homes4 ,but others remained all day by the shore talking about the strange idea that there were unknown lands in the distant ,west4 ,two hundred miles southwest of ,palos there is a group of islands called the ,canary ,islands4 ,these were well known to the people of that time1 and belonged to ,spain4 ,but sailors seldom ventured beyond them1 and no one knew of any land farther to the west4 ,it was to these islands that ,columbus first directed his course4 ,in six days the three little vessels reached the ,canary ,islands4 ,the sailing had been very slow4 ,the rudder of one of the ships had not been well made and had soon been broken4 ,and so1 now1 much time was wasted while having a new rudder made and put in place4 ,it was not until the #fth of ,september that ,columbus again set sail1 pushing westward into unknown waters4 ,soon the sailors began to give way to their fears4 ,the thought that they were on seas where no man had before ventured filled them with alarm4 ,they remembered all the strange stories that they had heard of dreadful monsters and of mysterious dangers1 and their minds were filled with distress4 ,but ,columbus showed them how unreasonable these stories were2 and he aroused their curiosity by telling them wonderful things about ,india--that land of gold and precious stones1 which they would surely reach if they would bravely persevere4 ,and so1 day after day1 they sailed onward4 ,the sea was calm1 and the wind blowing from the east drove the ships steadily forward4 ,by the first of ,october they had sailed more than two thousand miles4 ,birds came from the west1 and flew about the ships4 ,the water was full of floating seaweed4 ,but still no land could be seen4 ,then the sailors began to fear that they would never be able to return against the east wind that was blowing4 8,why should we obey this man1 ,columbus80 they said4 8,he is surely mad4 ,let us throw him into the sea1 and then turn the ships about while we can40 ,but ,columbus was so firm and brave that they dared not lay hands on him2 they dared not disobey him4 ,soon they began to see signs of the nearness of land4 ,weeds1 such as grow only in rivers1 were seen floating near the ships4 ,a branch of a tree1 with berries on it1 was picked up4 ,columbus offered a reward to the man who should first see land4 8,we must be very near it now10 he said4 ,that night no one could sleep4 ,at about two o'clock the man who was on the lookout on one of the smaller vessels cried3 8,land6 land6 land60 ,columbus himself had seen a distant light moving1 some hours before4 ,there was now a great stir on board the ships4 8,where is the land80 cried every one4 8,there--there6 ,straight before us40 ,,iii ,,the ,,discovery ,san ,salvador anchor bananas messenger ,cuba scarlet palms brilliant ,yes1 there was a low1 dark mass far in front of them1 which might be land4 ,in the dim starlight1 it was hard to make out what it was4 ,but one thing was certain1 it was not a mere expanse of water1 such as lay in every other direction4 ,and so the sailors brought out a little old-fashioned cannon and fired it off as a signal to the crews of the other vessels4 ,then the sails of the three ships were furled1 and they waited for the light of day4 ,when morning dawned1 ,columbus and his companions saw that they were quite near to a green and sunny island4 ,it was a beautiful spot4 ,there were pleasant groves where the songs of birds were heard4 ,thousands of flowers were seen on every hand1 and the trees were laden with fruit4 ,the island was inhabited1 too2 for strange men could be seen running toward the shore and looking with wonder at the ships4 ,the sailors1 who had lately been ready to give up all hope1 were now filled with joy4 ,they crowded around ,columbus1 and kissed his hands1 and begged him to forgive them for thinking of disobeying him4 ,the ships cast anchor1 the boats were lowered1 and ,columbus1 with most of the men1 went on shore4 ,columbus was dressed in a grand robe of scarlet1 and the banner of ,spain was borne above him4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,landing ,,of ,,columbus4 ,as soon as the boats reached the shore1 ,columbus stepped out and knelt down upon the beach and gave thanks to ,god2 then he took possession of the island in the name of the king and queen of ,spain1 and called it ,san ,salvador4 ,it was thus that the first land in ,america was discovered on the #abth of ,october1 #adib4 ,the natives were filled with wonder at what they saw4 ,at first they were awed and frightened at sight of the ships and the strange men2 but they soon overcame their fears and seemed delighted and very friendly4 ,they brought to ,columbus gifts of all they had1--bananas1 yams1 oranges1 and beautiful birds4 8,surely10 they said1 8these wonderful beings who have come to us from the sea are not mere men like ourselves4 ,they must be messengers from heaven40 ,columbus believed that this island was near the coast of ,asia1 and that it was one of the islands of ,india2 and so he called the people ,indians4 ,he did not remain here long1 but sailed away to discover other lands4 ,in a short time the ships came to a large island where there were rivers of fresh water flowing into the sea4 ,the air was sweet with the breath of blossoms2 the sky was blue and clear2 the sea was calm2 the world seemed full of joy and peace4 ,this island was ,cuba4 8,let us live here always60 cried the sailors2 8for surely this is paradise40 ,and so1 for three months and more1 ,columbus and his companions sailed among scenes of delight1 such as they had never before imagined4 ,they visited island after island1 and everywhere saw new beauties and new pleasures4 ,the natives were simple-hearted and kind4 8,they love their neighbors as themselves10 said ,columbus4 ,they looked with wonder upon the bright swords of the white men and upon their brilliant armor2 and when the little cannon was fired1 they were so filled with alarm that they fell to the ground4 ,it was on the #aeth of the next ,march that ,columbus1 after a stormy homeward voyage1 sailed again into the little harbor of ,palos1 from which he had started4 ,and now there was a greater stir in the little town than there had been before4 8,christopher ,columbus has come back from the unknown seas60 was the cry that went from house to house4 8,did he reach the ,east by sailing west8 ,has he really been to far-off ,india80 asked the doubting ones4 8,he has1 indeed60 was the answer4 8,he has discovered a new world40 ,then the bells were rung1 guns were fired1 and bonfires blazed on the hilltops4 ,everybody rejoiced4 ,everybody was willing now to say that the ,italian sailor was right when he declared the earth to be round4 ,,the ,,power ,,of ,,god ,thou art1 ,o ,god6 the life and light ,of all this wondrous world we see2 ,its glow by day1 its smile by night1 ,are but reflections caught from ,thee4 ,where'er we turn1 ,thy glories shine1 ,and all things fair and bright are ,thine4 ,when day1 with farewell beam1 delays1 ,among the opening clouds of even1 ,and we can almost think we gaze ,through golden vistas into heaven2 ,those hues that mark the sun's decline1 ,so soft1 so radiant1 ,lord6 are ,thine4 ,when night1 with wings of starry gloom1 ,o'ershadows all the earth and skies1 ,like some dark1 beauteous bird1 whose plume ,is sparkling with unnumbered eyes2-- ,that sacred gloom1 those fires ,divine1 ,so grand1 so countless1 ,lord6 are ,thine4 --,,thomas ,,moore4 ,,our ,,country ,,and ,,our ,,home ,there is a land1 of every land the pride1 ,beloved by ,heaven o'er all the world beside2 ,where brighter suns dispense serener light1 ,and milder moons emparadise the night3 ,a land of beauty1 virtue1 valor1 truth1 ,time-tutored age1 and love-exalted youth3 ,the wandering mariner whose eye explores ,the wealthiest isles1 the most enchanting shores1 ,views not a realm so bountiful and fair1 ,nor breathes the spirit of a purer air4 ,for in this land of ,heaven's peculiar grace1 ,the heritage of ,nature's noblest race1 ,there is a spot of earth supremely blest-- ,a dearer1 sweeter spot than all the rest3 ,here woman reigns2 the mother1 daughter1 wife1 ,strew with fresh flowers the narrow way of life2 ,in the clear heaven of her delightful eye1 ,an angel-guard of loves and graces lie2 ,around her knees domestic duties meet1 ,and fireside pleasures gambol at her feet4 8,where shall that land1 that spot of earth be found80 ,art thou a man8--a patriot8--look around2 ,oh1 thou shalt find1 howe'er thy footsteps roam1 ,that land thy ,country1 and that spot thy ,home4 --,,montgomery4 ,,notes ,,about ,,authors ,,page #g4--;,franois ,coppe1 a noted ,french writer1 was born at ,paris in #ahdb4 ,although he was the writer of good ,french poetry and some successful plays1 he is best known to ,american readers by his charming short stories1 in which he depicts the life and aspirations of the common people4 ,in his later life he was an ardent ,catholic1 and as such wrote fearlessly in defense of the rights of the ,church in ,france4 ,he died in #aijh4 ,,page #ad4--;,john ,james ,audubon1 a noted ,american ornithologist of ,french descent1 was born at ,new ,orleans in #aghj4 ,perhaps no other person has done so much for the birds of ,america1 or has described them so well1 as he4 ,his drawings of birds are particularly famous4 ,he died at ,new ,york in #ahea4 ,,page #af4--;,j4 ,r4 ,marre1 is a contemporary ,catholic writer whose poems are well known to readers of ,the ,ave ,maria and other religious periodicals4 ,,page #ag4--,rev4 ,john ,banister ,tabb was born in ,virginia1 ,march #bb1 #ahde4 ,he studied for the priesthood and was ordained in #ahhd4 ,he is an instructor in ,st4 ,charles ,college1 ,maryland4 ,his poems are exquisite in movement and diction no less than in richness of thought4 ,,page #ah4--;,horace ,binney ,wallace1 a noted ,american lawyer and prose writer1 was born at ,philadelphia1 #ahag2 died at ,paris1 #aheb4 ,his best known work1 ,literary ,criticisms1 was published after his death4 ,,page #bc4--;,henry ,coyle is a contemporary ,catholic poet residing at ,boston1 ,massachusetts4 ,he is well known as a contributor to ,catholic periodicals4 ,his first volume of poetry1 entitled ,the ,promise of ,morning1 was published in #ahii4 ,his writings are characterized by deep religious feeling no less than by rare poetic charm4 ,,page #bd4--,miguel de ,saavedra ,cervantes1 a celebrated ,spanish poet and novelist1 was born near ,madrid1 #aedg2 died1 #afaf4 ,his most famous work is the romance entitled ,don ,quixote1 which was first printed in #afje4 ,it has been translated into every language of ,europe4 ,,page #dc4--;,john ,henry1 ,cardinal ,newman was born at ,london in #ahja4 ,he was educated at a private school until he entered ,oxford1 where he took his degree before he was twenty4 ,in #ahbb he was elected ,fellow in ,oriel ,college4 ,in #ahde he left the ,church of ,england for the ,roman ,catholic ,church4 ,he wrote many sermons1 treatises1 and poems4 ,in literary merit his work ranks very high4 ,he died in #ahij4 ,rev4 ,thomas ,edward ,bridgett1 a noted priest and author1 was born at ,derby1 ,england1 in #ahbi4 ,he was the founder of the ,confraternity of the ,holy ,family for men1 and much of his life was devoted to missionary work4 ,he was the author of numerous religious and historical works1 among which may be named1 ,the ,history of the ,holy ,eucharist1 ,life of the ,blessed ,john ,fisher1 ,blunders and ,forgeries1 etc4 ,father ,bridgett died at ,st4 ,mary's ,clapham1 ,england1 in #ahii4 ,,page #ef4--,william ,cowper1 a celebrated ,english poet1 was born in #agca4 ,he attended ,westminster school and afterwards studied law4 ,his most famous poems are ,the ,task and the ballad ,john ,gilpin's ,ride4 ,he died in #ahjj4 ,,page #eh4--,rev4 ,frederick ,william ,faber was born in ,yorkshire1 ,england1 in #ahad4 ,he was an eloquent preacher1 a brilliant talker1 and had an unsurpassed power of gaining the love of all with whom he came in contact4 ,his hymns are well known1 and sung throughout the world4 ,he founded a religious community which was afterwards merged in the oratory of ,st4 ,philip ,neri4 ,he died in #ahfc4 ,,page #ge4--;,john ,greenleaf ,whittier was born at ,haverhill1 ,massachusetts1 #ahjg4 ,at the age of eighteen he studied for two years at an academy near his home4 ,in #ahbi he became the editor of a paper established at ,boston to advocate protective tariff4 ,he was active in the cause of antislavery4 ,he died in #ahib4 ,,page #hb4--,mary ,lydia ,bolles ,branch was born at ,new ,london1 ,connecticut1 in #ahdj4 ,she is best known as a writer of stories for children4 ,,page #hd4--;,john ,burroughs was born in ,roxbury1 ,new ,york1 in #ahcg4 ,he was the son of a farmer1 but received a good college education4 ,for eight or nine years he taught school1 and then became a journalist in ,new ,york city4 ,from #ahfa till #ahgc he was a clerk in the ,treasury ,department at ,washington4 ,he finally settled on a farm at ,west ,park1 ,new ,york1 giving his time to literature and the observation of nature4 ,his love of nature has inspired most of what he has contributed to the literature of the world4 ,,page #if4--;,aubrey de ,vere1 an ,irish ,catholic poet1 was born in #aghh4 ,he belonged to a good family1 and always had leisure to cultivate a naturally refined taste4 ,at first he wrote dramas1 but later1 poems1 especially sonnets4 ,he was a true patriot1 and pays many tributes of love to his country in his historical themes4 ,he died in #ahdf4 ,,page #ig4--,sir ,walter ,scott was born at ,edinburgh in #agga4 ,his delightful art of story telling1 both in prose and poetry1 has been excelled by few4 ,among his most popular poems are ,the ,lady of the ,lake and ,marmion2 among his most popular novels are ,kenilworth1 ,ivanhoe1 ,the ,talisman1 and ,old ,mortality4 ,he died in #ahcb4 ,,page #ajf4--,thomas ,moore was born at ,dublin1 ,ireland1 in #aggi2 died in #aheb4 ,he entered ,trinity ,college1 ,dublin1 at fifteen years of age4 ,he studied law1 and in #agii entered the ,middle ,temple1 ,london4 ,in #ahjc he received a government appointment to the ,bermuda ,islands and traveled quite extensively in the ,united ,states4 ,among ,english ,catholic poets he holds a high rank4 ,,page #ajg4--;,andrew ,lang was born in ,scotland in #ahdd2 died at ,london in #aiab4 ,he pursued many different lines of literary work1 and was one of the most versatile writers of modern times4 ,the number of volumes bearing his name as author is surprisingly large4 ,,page #aad4--,lady ,gregory is the daughter of ,dudley ,presse1 ,deputy ,lieutenant of ,roxborough1 ,county ,galway1 ,ireland4 ,she has done very valuable service to literature in preserving and editing many of the early ,celtic legends4 ,some of her publications are3 ,poets and ,dreamers1 ,cuchullain of ,muerthemme1 and ,gods and ,fighting ,men4 ,,page #aah4--;,helen ,hunt ,jackson was born in #ahca at ,amherst1 ,massachusetts4 ,in #ahfg she wrote her first stories1 and from that time until her death books from the pen of ,h4 ,h4 were published with frequency4 ,she wrote verses1 essays1 sketches of travel1 children's stories1 novels1 and tracts on questions of the day4 ,,page #abj4--,st4 ,ambrose or ,ambrosius1 one of the fathers of the ,latin ,church1 was born at ,treves1 ,a4,d4 #cdj2 died1 #cig4 ,he was the champion of the ,catholics against ,arians and pagans2 he became ,bishop of ,milan in #cgd4 ,he was the author of numerous hymns and other religious works4 ,,page #aba4--;,james ,sheridan ,knowles was born at ,dublin1 ,ireland1 #aghd4 ,for a time he held a commission in the militia1 but became attracted to the stage and entered the dramatic profession4 ,he died in #ahfb4 ,,page #acb4--,washington ,irving was born in ,new ,york city1 ,april #c1 #aghc2 died1 #ahei4 ,his early schooling was not very systematic4 ,when a young man he began the study of law1 but never followed the profession very steadily4 ,he is the most popular of the ,american writers of the early part of the nineteenth century4 ,,page #aeb4--;,alfred ,tennyson was born at ,somersby1 ,england1 in #ahji4 ,he was educated at ,cambridge1 where he gained the ,chancellor's medal for his poem ,timbuctoo in blank verse4 ,in #ahcj he published his first volume of poems4 ,other poems followed quickly and soon became popularly known4 ,tennyson's poetry is distinguished by its rare quality and delicate choice of language4 ,he was for many years poet laureate4 ,he died in #ahib4 ,,page #aeh4--,sister ,mary ,antonia is an occasional and highly esteemed contributor of verse to current ,catholic periodicals4 ,,page #afa4--,miriam ,coles ,harris is a contemporary ,catholic writer whose works have attracted considerable attention4 ,the extract is from ,a ,corner of ,spain1 published in #ahif4 ,,page #aff4--,william ,cullen ,bryant1 a famous ,american poet1 was born at ,cummington1 ,massachusetts1 ,november #c1 #agid4 ,he entered ,williams ,college at the age of sixteen1 but at the end of two years took honorable dismission and engaged in the study of law4 ,he was admitted to the bar in #ahae2 removed to ,new ,york in #ahbe2 was editor of the ,new ,york ,review in the same year2 and in #ahbf became connected with the ,evening ,post1 with which he continued until his death1 which occurred in #ahgh4 ,,page #agj4--;,conrad ,von ,bolanden is the pseudonym of a contemporary ,german ,catholic writer1 ,monsignor ,joseph ,bischoff1 who was born in ,august1 #ahbh4 ,he was made a ,papal ,chamberlain to ,pope ,pius ,,ix in recognition of the merits of his efforts in the field of ,catholic literature4 ,he has written much1 finding the motives of his books in history and in the problems of social life4 ,,page #agd4--;,henry ,wadsworth ,longfellow is often called the children's poet1 partly because of his love for children and partly because of some poems written for children4 ,he was born in ,portland1 ,maine1 in #ahjg4 ,from #ahce to #ahed he was professor of modern languages at ,harvard ,university4 ,he died in #ahhb4 ,,page #agh4--;,john ,gilmary ,shea1 a brilliant ,catholic writer1 was born at ,new ,york city1 ,july #ahbd2 died1 #ahib4 ,he devoted most of his time to literature instead of to the law1 for which he was educated4 ,perhaps no one has done more to preserve the history and language of the aborigines of this country4 ,history of the ,catholic ,missions among the ,indian ,tribes of the ,united ,states1 ,early ,voyages up and down the ,mississippi1 ,history of the ,catholic ,church in ,colonial ,times1 are some of his most popular works4 ,,page #ahf4--;,james ,russell ,lowell was born at ,cambridge1 ,massachusetts1 ,february #bb1 #ahai4 ,he died in the same house in which he was born1 ,august #ab1 #ahia4 ,for many years he held the chair of modern languages in ,harvard ,university4 ,he was a man who represented ,american culture and letters at their best4 ,,page #ahh4--,mother ,mary ,loyola of the ,bar ,convent1 ,york1 ,england1 is a writer of more than ordinary power on the subjects dearest to every true ,catholic4 ,her book1 ,jesus of ,nazareth1 from which our selection is taken1 was written especially for ,american children and is dedicated to them4 ,,page #aif4--;,francis ,scott ,key1 author of 8,the ,star-spangled ,banner10 was born in ,frederick ,county1 ,maryland1 in #aghj4 ,it was during the ,british invasion in #ahad1 while he was detained on a ,british man-of-war within sight of the bombardment of ,fort ,mc,henry1 that ,key wrote this beautiful lyrical poem4 ,he died at ,baltimore in #ahdc4 ,,page #bad4--;,james ,montgomery was a ,scottish poet1 born in #aggf2 died in #ahed4 ,his poems1 once very popular1 are now almost forgotten4 ,,word ,,list ,,guide ,,to ,,pronunciation 1 as in mte4 1 as in sente4 1 as in cre4 1 as in t4 1 as in rm4 1 as in sk4 a1 as in all4 1 as in wht4 s1 as in ell4 ch k1 as in chorus4 h sh1 as in mahine4 1 as in h1 mte4 1 as in vent4 1 as in mt4 1 as in hr4 e 1 as in eight4 1 1 as in whre4 1 as in et4 j1 as in em4 1 as in mne4 i1 as in idea4 1 as in t4 1 as in sr1 brd4 1 as in machne4 ng1 as in bak1 liger4 1 as in ld4 1 as in bey4 1 as in r4 1 as in nt4 o oo1 as in do1 room4 oo or 1 as in wlf1 foot4 1 as in sn4 s z1 as in his4 th1 as in thin4 th1 as in then4 1 as in mte4 1 as in ths4 1 as in rde4 oo1 as in fll4 1 as in brn4 x gz1 as in exist4 1 as in b4 y 1 as in hymn4 1 as in mrtle4 ,certain vowels1 as a and e1 when obscure are marked thus1 a1 e4 ,silent letters are italicized4 ,in the following word list only accented syllables and syllables of doubtful pronunciation are marked4 a bndon ab hr a bmi ntion a bndne ci dent c crd ching ac quinted die ad jent dm rtion ad mttane al l v tion a mzing a mzement ammu ntion nchor gush n mt ed nt qut ed xious 7-ys7 a pstle ap palling ap prel ap prent ly appa rtion ppe tte ap plause appl ction ap prached ppro btion rcher y rmor as sssn as sault as smble at tndant au tmnal v lnche a vne a ward b nn bquet brr er b t tude be hvior 7-yer7 be hst be lif bne fit brlliane 7-yans7 brlliant bg boo clm clu met cam pign c pre crdi nal cautious ly cav lir cvi ty ele brtion chs chr ot chef 7shf7 hva lir chiftain hval ry vil ly clave cmic cmmn dnt com md ty cmpa ny compl mnta ry cmpl ment com pser com po stion con al con ption con fsion cn gre gtion cquer 7-kr7 cnquer or con snt con srva to ry con sder a ble con tnt con tr bution counil counte nane couple 7kpl7 corae corte ous ly corte sy curter cvert cre tor crve crmson cr f cra sde cbit cr ous cstom ypress dner ous de ive dl c y dl cate de pted de rne de srve dsic ct ed de sgn deso ltion dsper ate des per tion devs tat ing de vlop ment de ve de vout dsmal dis my diso bdi ne dis prse dstrict do mstic dkey dzen dnes ager ager ly arnest ly du ction le ment lo quent mer ald en dar en drane n my enter tin en ths asm nvy e rct es pal ly v dent ly xel lent ex haust ex pnse ex pe dtion ex plsion ex psure ex prssive ex trard na ry falcon ry fathom fvor te frvor fst val fnal ly fssre frehad fraud frsco fritage f tve frnish grland n er os ne ss n ne ant gntic gnrled grdu al ly grnder griving hab ttion h rngue haughty hunt heght hrit age hrmit hreling hl day hnr ho rzon hver ing hman hu ml tion hmor hrr cne d dla try m ne im mnse in crase indg ntion in fr or nf nte nfrmi ty nflu ene in grti tude in hbit ant nno ent inno vtion in qury in ssted nter val in tler a ble in vsti gate in v ttion jewel jorney jost jstce kndred la lague lie tnant lux rious mmmoth mr'tyr dom mrveled ma tr al mager ly mlan chol y mntion mri ful mssae mssen er mli ta ry mnstrel sy mra cle ms hp mssle modes ty mld mnster moored mtto mlt tde mrmur myst r ous myster y myth norish ing o bdi ene bsti nate oc csion ean 7-shan7 pe r ppo ste op prssed oracle o rtion pgan plms par tcu lar ptiene 7-shens7 pa trlled pasant pe cliar pnane pnsve pril ous per plxi ty per se ction prson age per sude per susion ptri fied ph lso pher physic al p zz plgrim age pty plz plmage pem pet ry pli cy pol ltion pmmel ppu lar prridge pos sss pver ty prcious pre serve prson er prba bly pro ssion pro tctor prv dene prpose pr sit riment rmparts rptur ous ral ly rckon ing rcog nize re cver y rfuge re ltion re lif re nowned re pose rsce re slve rsr rction re trts re trat re val re vne rver ent rhme rghteous 7-chs7 rvet ed rs te rff an slu tation sal vtion snction stis fy svae scffold scr ty screcrow scrlet scne scnted sarch smi crcle snsi tive spa rat ed shrewd sie sgnal sgni fy snew skle ton sleeve snvel ing scia ble socia bl ty scial 7-shal7 so e ty so jorner so lmn ty slemn ly sl tude spcial spcies 7-shz7 spi men spcter sphre sprit sprit u al spnsor stad ly sbstance subtle 7stl7 sdden ly sf ficien cy smmit smptu ous ss pct sympa thy tlent tnder ly trre trri fied terror tha ter tho ry thrst thrsh trrent trture tourna ment tourney tre dy tric trquil trns prent trbute trple triumph tri mphant trant un cvil un couth rchin s al tter ane vnish veining vnture vrdur ous vrmin vsper v n ty vctor vcto ry vgor vgor ous vl lain vo lene vsion wmpum wapon whlp wrath zalous ,,proper ,,names ,ad mtus ,afr c ,alba ny ,al ex nder ,ambrse ,ane lo ,an ta ,ant och ,apen nnes ,a rb a ,as ,as ss ,au gstne ,au gstus ymer ,ben e dctne ,br ln ,blnheim ,bohe mond ,bn fe ,bouillon 7boo y7 ,brtain ,bre ,clva ry ,ca prna um ,cr rr ,cthbad hv lir hv ot ,clrmont ,comyn 7kmin7 ,cneh br ,cnnaught ,cnstan t nple ,cor o nr ,cb ,cuchulain 7koo hoolin7 ,clin ,da kt ,da mscus ,de troit ,don ,quixote 7dn kehte7 ,doglas ,drsden ,drd ,dul ne a ,ebro ,eypt ,e min ,erin ,esther ,erope ,frgus ,flrence ,fon t nll ,frncis ,frder ick ,frs ,gbr el n n o se ,gsler ,gh brt i chno ,gdfrey ,grgo ry ,hlle ,handel ,hel vllyn ,h g ry ,ich bd ,indes ,ita ly ,je rsa lem ,joliet 7zh ly7 ,jrdan ,l o nrd ,lvte ,me don ,mla g ,mr quette 7-kt7 ,mcc ,me dn ,md ter rne an ,me nmo ne ,mcha el ,mlan ,missis spp ,mo hmmed ,mslem ,mus tph ,ncho las ,na ,ples tne ,pls ,pnthe on ,perez 7-th7 ,persia 7prsh7 ,pes r ,piacenza 7p chnz7 ,pil r ,pnta ,po nmh ,que bc ,rpha el ,rat bdo ,ros sn ,roz nn te ,sa mr tan ,sncho ,sn ,slva dor ,sn ,ssto ,snt ,crce 7-ch7 ,snta ,ma ra ,sra en ,sxo ny ,se tnta ,seville 7svl7 ,sstne ,spnard ,stbat ,mter ,tncred ,thames 7tmz7 ,ulster ,urban ,ur bno ,valence 7v ls7 ,vt can ,vne ,vrner ,v ,cr o nr ,v nn ,wis cnsin ,wlff ,wulfram