,transcriber's ,notes ,the spelling1 hyphenation and punctuation is as the original1 with the exception of apparent typographical errors4 ,italic text is denoted as underscore4 ,bold text is denoted as equals sign4 ,underlined text is also denoted as underscore1 ,generally used at beginning of paragraphs4 ,war ,department ,technical ,manual ,,tm #c-cgf;,a ,,portable ,,flame ,,thrower ,m#b-b ,illustration3 ,printer's mark ,,restricted ,,dissemination ,,of ,,restricted ,,matter4 ,the information contained in restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted material may be given to any person known to be in the service of the ,united ,states and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion who are cooperating in ,government work1 but will not be communicated to the public or to the press except by authorized military public relations agencies4 7,see also par4 #ah;b1 ,,ar #chj-e1 #bh ,sep #aidb47 ,war ,department - #af ,may #aidd ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,war ,,department1 ,washington1 #be1 ,d4 ,c4 #af ,may #aidd ,,tm #c-cgf;,a1 ,portable ,flame ,thrower ,m#b-b is published for the information and guidance of all concerned4 ,a4 ,g4 #cjj4g 7#ba ,march #dd7 ,by order of the ,secretary of ,war3 ,g4 ,c4 ,,marshall1 ,chief of ,staff4 ,official3 ,j4 ,a4 ,,ulio1 ,major ,general1 ,the ,adjutant ,general4 ,distribution3 ,r ,h 7#e72 ,bn #b1 #g1 #ag 7#b72 ,c ,h #c 7#e72 ,,ic ,h #e 7#e72 ,c #b1 #g1 #ag 7#b72 ,x4 ,,id3 ,t_/,o ,e #gb,t1 ,light ,div2 #ag1 ,armd ,div2 ,,ir3 ,t_/,o #e-aib1 ,hq ,hq ,co1 ,engr ,comb ,gr2 #e-aga1 ,engr ,comb ,regt2 ,i,bn3 ,t_/,o #e-ae1 ,engr ,comb ,bn2 #e-ce1 ,engr ,bn ,sep2 #e-age1 ,engr ,bn1 ,comb ,regt2 #e-bae1 ,armd ,engr ,bn2 #e-dge,t1 ,engr ,bn1 ,light ,div2 ,,ic3 ,t_/,o #e-af1 ,hq ,hq ,sv ,co1 ,engr ,combat ,bn2 #e-ag1 ,engr ,comb ,co2 #e-aib1 ,hq ,hq ,co1 ,engr ,comb ,gr2 #e-cf1 ,hq ,hq ,sv ,co1 ,engr ,bn 7,sep72 #e-cg1 ,co1 ,engr ,bn 7,sep72 #e-agf1 ,hq ,hq ,det1 ,engr ,bn1 ,engr ,comb ,regt2 #e-baf1 ,hq ,hq ,co1 ,armd ,engr ,bn2 #e-bag1 ,co1 ,armd ,engr ,bn2 #e-dgf,t1 ,hq ,hq ,co1 ,engr ,bn1 ,light ,div2 #edgg-,t1 ,co1 ,engr ,bn1 ,light ,div4 7,for explanation of symbols see ,par #bf1 ,,fm #ba-f7 ,,technical ,,manual ,,portable ,,flame ,,thrower ,m#b-b ,,war ,,department ,,washington1 #be1 ,d4 ,c41 #af ,may #aide ,,changes ,no4 #a ,,tm #c-cgf;,a1 #af ,may #aidd1 is changed as follows3 #aj4 ,,items ,,with ,,each ,,flame ,,thrower4 99 99 99 99 99 b4 ,kit1 spare parts1 for portable flame thrower ,m#b-b1 assembly ,b#ha-f-aij4 99 99 99 99 99 g4 7,added74 ,army ,service ,forces ,catalog ,,cw #g-ddjaad1 ,organizational ,spare ,parts and ,equipment3 #ast and #b;d ,echelons3 for ,flame ,thrower1 ,portable1 ,m#b-b4 ,fig4 #h4 ,contents of tool kit3 99 99 99 99 99 ,b4 #a ,wrench1 hex1 99 99 99 set screws1 ,h#bb-di-ab4 #b ,wrench1 hex1 #e_/cb-;inch across flats for #e_/af-;inch socket-head set screws1 ,h#bb-di-adj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fig #i4 ,contents of spare parts kit3 ,f4 7,added74 #c ,tubes1 deflector1 ,a#ha-a-eja4 7,see fig4 #ci47 ,g4 7,added74 #c ,locknuts1 pipe1 hex1 #a_/h-;inch1 ,h#ih-e-chb 7for use with deflector tube74 7,see fig4 #ci47 ,h4 7,added74 #a ,support1 diaphragm1 ,a#ha-a-dbh4 7,see fig4 #dg47 #ab4 ,,new ,,equipment4 99 99 99 99 99 m4 7,added74 ,new gun may be received with valve spring removed from barrel and valve assembly4 ,spring comes tied to barrel4 ,this is done to prevent strain on valve diaphragm assembly caused by pressure of spring in gun during storage and shipment4 ,when weapon is being prepared for operation1 spring must be untied from barrel and installed in gun1 as described in paragraph #ge4 n4 7,added74 ,pressure regulator may be shipped at zero adjustment to prevent possibility of strain on diaphragm during shipment and storage4 ,a regulator shipped in this condition has a tag 7tied to the tank coupling7 stating that the regulator is not set4 ,when weapon is received in this condition1 it must be adjusted as described in paragraph #fg before it can be operated4 ,footnote3 99,these changes supersede ,,tb #c-cgf;,a-#a1 #ai ,october #aidd4 #ae4 ,,training4 99 99 99 99 99 b4 ,use of water in training4 ,water may be used 7instead of fuel7 for elementary practice firing4 ,ignition cylinders are 99 99 99 piece1 and lubricated 7,par4 #di74 ,use of water1 however1 should always be supplemented by firing ignited fuel because water does not give a correct impression of stream and flame characteristics4 99 99 99 99 99 #ag4 ,,connecting ,,tank ,,group ,,and ,,gun ,,group4 99 99 99 99 99 a4 ,place the new 99 99 99 to #b minutes4 ,slight pressure sometimes builds up in the fuel tanks1 even though the pressure-tank valve has not been opened1 and causes some overflow of fuel when the coupling plug is removed4 ,this pressure may be relieved by-- 7#a7 ,standing the tank group upright4 7#b7 ,slightly opening filling plug on top of fuel tanks to bleed the pressure4 7#c7 ,closing the opening at filling plug and tightening it with wrench4 99 99 99 99 99 #ah4 ,,loading ,,with ,,ignition ,,cylinder4 99 99 99 99 99 b4 ,precautions4 ,care must be 99 99 99 front of gun4 ,do not ignite the ignition cartridge until the weapon is to be fired at the target4 99 99 99 99 99 #cj4 ,,after ,,firing4 ,when the firer 99 99 99 mission1 he should3 a4 ,first1 remove and discard the ignition cylinder1 as the ignition cylinder should never be present when blowing out fuel or after blowing out fuel except when preparing for a new mission4 ,to remove cylinder1 proceed as follows3 99 99 99 99 99 b4 ,close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise 7to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank7 only if additional shots are to be fired before refilling and recharging4 c4 ,if no additional shots are to be fired before refilling and recharging1 open pressure-tank valve by turning handle counterclockwise4 ,point the gun away from personnel and blow out the remaining fuel and pressure1 if any1 from the fuel tanks by squeezing the valve lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge4 ,the trigger should not be used during this operation4 ,then close the pressure-tank valve to prevent entrance of foreign matter into the pressure system4 d4 7,superseded74 ,carefully remove tank group from the back4 ,this may be done most easily by sitting or squatting with back to a tree stump1 flat rock1 packing box1 or other object4 ,release the body and shoulder straps and ease tank group off the back4 ,avoid dropping equipment on the ground as this may damage it4 99 99 99 99 99 #ca4 ,,ignition ,,cylinder4 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,packing4 ,ignition cylinders are 99 99 99 each flame thrower4 ,fifty cans 7#ajj ignition cylinders7 are contained in each ignition cylinder packing box4 ,wooden packing box with contents weighs approximately #ej to #ee pounds4 ,outside dimensions of the box are approximately #af-a_/d inches by #ad-c_/d inches by #aj-a_/d inches4 ,cubage is #a-c_/ab cubic feet4 99 99 99 99 99 #cb4 ,,charging ,,pressure ,,tank4 99 99 99 99 99 b4 ,charging from air compressor4 ,compressor1 air1 gasoline 99 99 99 cylinders as well4 ,instructions for use of the compressor will be found in ,,tm #c-cgg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,figure #bc4 ,charging two pressure tanks1 using charging and filling lines1 and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen4 ,as many as four pressure tank and valve assemblies1 on or off tank groups1 can be charged at one time from cylinders coupled as shown in figure #bd4 #cc4 ,,precautions ,,when ,,pressure-,,charging4 99 99 99 99 99 m4 7,added74 ,inspect carefully to be certain that no traces of grease1 flame thrower fuel1 oil1 dirt1 or other foreign matter are present in flame thrower pressure tanks1 outlets of air compressor1 connections1 hose1 or cylinders containing compressed air4 n4 7,added74 ,hands and tools must be free of oil or grease when charging or servicing flame thrower pressure systems4 o4 7,added74 ,discharge any remaining compressed air in flame thrower pressure tanks before recharging4 p4 7,added74 ,if compressed air is to be used1 and if any grease1 oil1 or flame thrower fuel is detected by sense of smell or sight within pressure tank and valve assemblies or cylinders1 return tanks or cylinders for cleaning to the appropriate third-echelon maintenance agency of ,chemical ,warfare ,service4 #ce4a ,,peptized ,,fuels 7,added74 a4 ,characteristics4 7#a7 ,pour more readily than usual thickened fuels4 7#b7 ,give a larger diameter flame than thickened fuels4 7#c7 ,give longer effective ranges than liquid fuels4 7#d7 ,prepared more quickly in cool temperatures than thickened fuels4 b4 ,preparation4 7#a7 ,open #e-a_/d-pound can or cans of thickener4 7#b7 ,add #b mess kit spoonfuls of water to each can of thickener4 ,stir until the water disappears in the thickener4 ,it is not necessary to mix the water uniformly with all of the thickener4 7#c7 ,proceed at once as directed in paragraph #ce4 ,avoid accidental addition of any water to the thickener or fuel other than that stated in 7#b7 above4 7#d7 ,peptized fuels set a little more quickly than the usual thickened fuels1 but their general appearance after setting is the same4 ,after standing1 however1 peptized fuels spontaneously become thinner and may be poured without use of pressure4 ,the time it takes for thinning to occur depends on the temperature of the fuel4 ,at #ge ,fahrenheit or higher1 thinning occurs in approximately #a to #b hours4 ,at temperatures below #fj ,fahrenheit1 thinning occurs several days after preparation of the peptized fuel4 7#e7 ,if water has accidentally gotten into fuel before addition of the thickener1 peptizing action takes place1 but the results are unpredictable because the quantity of water added is not controlled4 #cf4 ,,preparation ,,of ,,liquid ,,fuels4 a4 ,choice of ingredients4 ,thin fuels are 99 99 99 reaching the target4 ,for this reason1 liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion of gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier fuels that permit easy ignition4 ,in hot climates1 99 99 99 of great importance4 ,the gasoline used can be any ,u4 ,s4 grade of motor fuel or aviation gasoline4 ,suitable blends are as follows3 99 99 99 99 99 7#c7 7,added74 ,by volume1 #bj to #be percent gasoline and #ge to #hj percent light fuel oil4 99 99 99 99 99 #dj4a ,,use ,,of ,,packboards 7,added74 ,detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies 7par4 #ff4a7 make possible the use of packboards for transporting pressure tanks1 #e-;gallon cans of fuel1 wrenches1 and additional ignition cylinders close to the front line of combat to troops using flame throwers4 ,as packboards are not manufactured specifically for servicing flame throwers1 standard quartermaster-issue packboards are used4 ,packboard transportation is practicable only with pourable fuel4 7,pourable fuels include some thickened fuels and all liquid fuels47 a4 ,the following is a suggested procedure for packboard transportation3 7#a7 ,lash all necessary filling and charging supplies for one flame thrower to packboard1 using lashing rope and straps4 7#b7 ,tie one pressure tank and valve assembly to top of one flat #e-;gallon fuel can so that flexible shaft and handle hang down parallel to one side of the fuel can4 7#c7 ,carry wrench with large enough opening to unscrew filling plugs from tops of fuel tanks and to tighten plugs after filling4 7#d7 ,carry extra ignition cylinders4 b4 ,return empty pressure tank and valve assembly along with empty fuel can and wrench on packboard to flame thrower servicing point4 c4 ,if a supply of flame thrower tank groups is available1 they may be preferred to the packboard method of transportation4 ,tank groups are easy to carry1 and a filled and charged tank group can replace an emptied one as quickly as packboard method can be used to service flame thrower4 99 99 99 99 99 #dh4 ,,service ,,kit4 99 99 99 99 99 a4 ,tools4 99 99 99 99 99 #a ,screw driver1 common1 99 99 99 blade diameter1 ,h#bb-ej-f4 7,fig4 #h47 #b ,wrenches1 hex1 #e_/cb inch across flats 7for #e_/af-;inch socket-head set screws71 ,h#bb-di-adj4 7,see ,b1 fig4 #h47 #b ,wrenches1 hex1 99 99 99 set screws71 ,h#bb-di-ia4 99 99 99 99 99 b4 ,accessories and spare parts4 99 99 99 99 99 #a ,tank and valve1 pressure1 assembly 7less valve shaft assembly1 ,b#ha-a-hhc7 ,b#ha-a-hgi4 7,see fig4 #ce4b47 #a ,shaft1 valve1 assembly ,b-#ha-a-hhc4 7,see fig4 #ce4b47 #b ,case1 spring1 assemblies ,b#ha-a-ddd4 7,fig4 #i47 99 99 99 99 99 #a ,regulator1 pressure1 assembly 7,grove type7 ,b#ha-a-ggh4 7,fig4 #ce4b47 #a ,compound1 anti-seize1 white 99 99 99 #a_/d-pound can1 ,h#ii-c-ab4 #b ,gages1 pressure 99 99 99 assembly ,b#ha-f-ij4 7,fig4 #cb47 #f ,tubes1 deflector1 ,a#ha-a-eja4 7,see fig4 #ci47 #f ,locknuts1 pipe1 hex1 #a_/h-;inch1 ,h#ih-e-chb4 7,see fig4 #ci47 #b ,supports1 diaphragm1 ,a#ha-a-dbh4 7,see fig4 #dg47 #f ,springs1 ,r#ha-a-ibb 7for socket74 7,see fig4 #ce4h47 #f ,washers1 backing1 ,r#ha-a-ibd 7brass washer for socket74 7,see fig4 #ce4h47 #ab ,washers1 ,b#ha-a-ibc 7synthetic rubber washer for socket74 7,see fig4 #ce4h47 #f ,caps1 plug1 ,b#ha-a-ibf 7with chain7 7dust cap for plug74 7,see fig4 #ce4c47 #ab ,nuts1 wing1 ,a#ha-a-hgg4 7,see fig4 #ce4d47 #b ,army ,service ,forces ,catalogs ,,cw #f-ddeaae1 ,sets of ,tools1 ,equipment1 and ,similar ,material3 ,kit1 service1 for ,portable ,flame ,thrower1 ,m#b-b4 #b ,army ,service ,forces ,catalogs ,,cw #g-ddjaad1 ,organizational ,spare ,parts and ,equipment3 #ast and #b;d ,echelons3 for ,flame ,thrower1 ,portable1 ,m#b-b4 #b ,war ,department ,technical ,manuals #c-cgf;,a1 ,portable ,flame ,thrower ,m#b-b4 #di4 ,,lubrication4 a4 ,gun group4 99 99 99 99 99 7#b7 ,frequency of lubrication4 ,the surfaces of 99 99 99 lubricated before reassembly4 ,do not soak or wash the spring case assembly in solvent because this may remove the grease which is factory packed in the spring case assembly4 ,this grease cannot be replaced4 ,to clean spring case assembly1 wide outside surfaces with cloth saturated with solvent4 99 99 99 99 99 #ec4 ,,service ,,when ,,filling ,,and ,,charging4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,testing for leaks in pressure system4 ,after charging and 99 99 99 to test pressure4 7,fig4 #cb47 ,to install gage1 unscrew check-valve cap1 moisten end of check valve with water or saliva1 and screw gage in check-valve body4 ,use of water or saliva as lubricant prevents cutting of the rubber washer by the check valve4 ,if pressure has 99 99 99 and then retested4 #ff4 ,,pressure ,,tank ,,and ,,valve ,,assembly4 a4 ,description and functioning4 ,the pressure tank 99 99 99 assembly 7,fig4 #cc7 includes3 7#a7 ,pressure tank4 ,the pressure tank 99 99 99 the fuel tanks4 ,the pressure-tank clamp may be adjusted to different outside diameters of pressure tanks by means of a nut and screw tightening device 7fig4 #ce4a7 or by means of a stepped ring at end of clamp4 ,illustration3 ,,figure #ce4a4 7,added47 ,adjustable pressure tank clamp1 showing use of nut and screw tightening device4 99 99 99 99 99 b4 ,removal4 7,fig4 #cc47 99 99 99 99 99 7#b7 ,removal procedure4 99 99 99 99 99 7h7 7,added74 ,to remove check valve1 unscrew check valve cap and check valve body1 using wrenches4 c4 ,installation4 7,figs4 #cc and #ci47 99 99 99 99 99 7#g7 7,added74 ,to install check valve1 apply thread compound lightly to threads of cheek valve body and screw into opening in pressure-tank valve4 ,tighten check valve body in position1 using wrench4 ,screw check valve cap on check valve body and tighten with wrench4 99 99 99 99 99 #ff4a ,,detachable ,,pressure ,,tank ,,and ,,valve ,,assemblies 7,added74 ,newly developed detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies provide an improved and speedier method of servicing ,m#b-b portable flame throwers in forward combat zones4 a4 ,description and functioning4 7#a7 ,detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies 7figs4 #ce4b and #ce4c7 are used in modified flame throwers4 ,they make it unnecessary to replace empty complete tank groups with filled and charged complete tank groups4 7#b7 ,replacement of complete tank group1 however1 may be preferred when an extra supply of tank groups is available1 or if thickened fuel is too stringy and viscous to pour4 7#c7 ,detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies can be attached only to flame throwers which include sockets 7figs4 #ce4b and #ce4c7 and shortened regulator tubes4 ,flame throwers produced recently include this design modification4 7#d7 ,a plug and cap 7fig4 #ce4c7 on detachable pressure tank and valve assembly replace tube elbow 7fig4 #cc7 used on nondetachable pressure tank and valve assembly4 b4 ,removal4 ,care must be taken to prevent damage to connections during removal and installation4 ,the procedure for removal of pressure tank and valve assembly is as follows3 7#a7 ,close pressure-tank valve4 ,press valve lever and safety grip on gun to release all pressure from fuel system and gun4 7#b7 ,unscrew wing nut from valve flexible shaft4 7,see fig4 #ce4d47 ,be careful not to misplace wing nut4 7#c7 ,pull clamp and shaft from stud which is welded on fuel tank4 7#d7 ,with one hand under pressure tank1 unclamp but do not fully open pressure-tank clamp4 7#e7 ,supporting pressure tank valve with top of right hand1 push knurled socket in and away from pressure tank valve4 ,left hand may be placed at back of regulator tube so that tube does not bend away from socket4 7,see fig4 #ce4e47 ,pull out pressure tank and valve assembly4 ,illustration3 ,,figure #ce4b4 7,added47 ,pressure system disassembled1 showing removable pressure tank and valve assembly1 nomenclature1 and ,chemical ,warfare ,service stock numbers4 ,illustration3 ,,figure #ce4c4 7,added47 ,detachable pressure tank and valve assembly1 connected to modified regulator tube assembly4 ,illustration3 ,,figure #ce4d4 7,added47 ,removing wing nut to free valve flexible shaft4 ,illustration3 ,,figure #ce4e4 7,added47 ,pushing knurled socket away from pressure tank1 permitting pressure tank and valve assembly to be removed from tank group4 7#f7 ,put cap as far as it will go over opening of the plug4 7,see fig4 #ce4f47 ,this prevents dust and other foreign matter from entering empty pressure tank4 7#g7 ,flame thrower is now ready to receive a charged pressure tank and valve assembly4 7,see fig4 #ce4g47 c4 ,installation4 ,to install a charged or replacement detachable pressure tank and valve assembly1 proceed as follows3 7#a7 ,remove dust cap from plug of charged pressure tank and valve assembly4 7,never open pressure-tank valve with cap on plug47 ,illustration3 ,,figure #ce4f4 7,added47 ,pressure tank and valve assembly with dust cap over plug opening4 7#b7 ,support socket and tube with left hand and insert plug in socket with right hand4 ,if tube is not supported1 it is difficult to lock the plug in the socket and it is possible that tube may become bent4 ,press bottom of tank until plug snaps into socket4 ,test by attempting to pull tank and plug from socket4 ,plug must not pull out2 if it does1 insert again and press bottom of tank4 ,grasp knurled collar of socket and test for end play4 ,if collar slides freely back and forth on socket1 the connection is not tight and plug should be pressed in farther4 ,illustration3 ,,figure #ce4g4 7,added47 ,tank group1 ready to receive a charged pressure tank and valve assembly4 7#c7 ,replace small clamp 7valve-stem clamp7 over stud projecting from fuel tank1 and screw wing nut on stud to secure valve flexible shaft in place4 ,do not use wrench on wing nut4 d4 ,maintenance4 ,follow maintenance instructions given in paragraph #ff4 ,in addition1 if leaks occur and signs of wear are visible1 carry out the following procedures3 7#a7 ,worn washer4 ,replace synthetic rubber washer by disassembling socket 7fig4 #ce4h71 prying out washer1 placing new washer in position1 and reassembling socket4 ,illustration3 ,,figure #ce4h4 7,added47 ,cutaway view of socket and plug4 ,disassembly is permitted only as directed in paragraph #ff4a4 7#b7 ,damaged plug4 ,repair damaged or nicked end of plug by filing plug end square and smooth4 ,file off as little as possible4 ,test for leakage at socket by installing pressure tank and valve assembly1 as in c above1 and then opening pressure-tank valve4 ,if leak persists at joint between socket and plug1 replace plug by unscrewing old plug1 screwing new plug in position1 and tightening with wrench4 ,replace entire plug4 ,do not attempt to unscrew the cylindrical portion from the square portion4 #fg4 ,,pressure ,,regulator4 99 99 99 99 99 e4 ,maintenance 7,added74 7#a7 ,spring type 7,hoke7 pressure regulator4 ,except for adjustment to increase or decrease pressure1 do not attempt to maintain or repair the spring type 7,hoke7 pressure regulator4 ,if damaged or defective1 it must be replaced by a dome type 7,grove7 pressure regulator4 7#b7 ,dome type 7,grove7 pressure regulator 7,b#ha-a-ggh74 ,replacement parts for maintaining the dome type 7,grove7 regulator are available for use by chemical maintenance companies1 as shown in ,army ,service ,forces ,catalog ,,cw #i-ddjaad1 ,list of ,all ,service ,parts and ,higher ,echelon ,spare ,parts for ,flame ,thrower1 ,portable1 ,m#b-b 7#be ,november #aidd74 #gd4 ,,valve ,,grip4 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,installing valve grip4 7#a7 ,place grip safety 99 99 99 right valve grip4 7,fig4 #dh47 ,do not accidentally place the lower forward extension of the grip safety over the lower rear extension of the valve lever4 ,if this overlapping occurs1 the small projection at the bottom of the grip safety may be broken off4 ,be sure the 99 99 99 of grip safety4 99 99 99 99 99 #gg4 ,,shipment ,,and ,,storage4 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,class of supply 7,added74 ,the portable flame thrower is a class ,,iv supply item4 #gh4 ,,references4 ,reference pertaining to 99 99 99 flame throwers include3 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tm #i-hej ,cleaning1 ,preserving1 ,lubricating 99 99 99 the ,ordnance ,department ,,tm #c-cgg1 ,compressor1 ,air1 ,gasoline ,engine-driven1 #g;,,cfm1 ,m#a 7,for ,charging ,flame ,throwers and ,cylinders7 ,,tb ,,cw #ah1 ,kit1 ,fuel ,filling1 ,flame ,thrower1 ,e#f 7for filling mechanized and portable flame throwers7,a ,,tb ,,cw #bj1 ,cleaning ,interiors of ,compressed ,gas ,cylinders1 ,tanks1 and ,accessories,a ,,tb ,,eng #ci1 ,safe ,handling of ,compressed ,gases,a ,,asf ,catalog ,,cw #g-ddjaad1 ,organizational ,spare ,parts and ,equipment3 #ast and #b;d ,echelons3 for ,flame ,thrower1 ,portable1 ,m#b-b 7#be ,november #aidd7 ,,asf ,catalog ,,cw #i-ddjaad1 ,list of all ,service ,parts and ,higher ,echelon ,spare ,parts for ,flame ,thrower1 ,portable1 ,m#b-b ,,asf ,catalog ,,cw #f-ddeaae1 ,sets of ,tools1 ,equipment1 and ,similar ,material3 ,kit1 ,service1 for ,portable ,flame ,thrower1 ,m#b-b ,,asf ,catalog ,,cw #i-ddeaae1 ,list of all ,parts and ,higher ,echelon ,spare ,parts for ,kit1 ,service1 for ,portable ,flame ,thrower1 ,m#b-b ,,fs #c-cc1 ,portable ,flame ,thrower ,m#b-b1 ,part #a1 ,nomenclature and ,operation4 ,footnote3 ,a ,technical ,bulletins are to be superseded by appropriate ,war ,department manuals or changes to manuals4 ,,ag #cjj4g 7#aa ,apr #de7 ,,by ,,order ,,of ,,the ,,secretary ,,of ,,war3 ,,official3 ,g4 ,c4 ,,marshall ,chief of ,staff ,j4 ,a4 ,,ulio ,major ,general ,the ,adjutant ,general ,,distribution3 ,,aaf 7,cml ,o7 7#aj72 ,,agf 7,cml ,o7 7#aj72 ,,asf 7#b72 ,t of ,opn 7,cml ,o7 7#aj72 ,arm ,sv ,bds 7#a72 ,def ,comd 7#b72 ,s ,div ,,asf 7#a72 ,tech ,sv 7#b7 except ,,cws 7#de72 ,sv,c 7,cml ,o7 7#d72 ,,pe 7,attn3 ,cml ,o7 7#b72 ,sub-,,pe 7,cml ,o7 7#b72 ,,pg 7#b72 ,ars #c 7#b72 ,,asf ,dep 7,,cw ,sec7 7#b72 ,,asf ,dep 7#b72 ,dep #c 7#b72 ,pro ,dist #c 7#b72 ,tech ,sv ,c 7#b72 ,,usma 7#bj72 ,tng ,c 7#b72 ,a 7#b72 ,,chq 7#e72 ,b 7#a72 ,r 7#e72 ,bn #b 7#b71 #c 7#e71 #g1 #ag 7#b72 ,c #b 7#b71 #c 7#e71 #g1 #ag 7#b72 ,,af 7#b72 ,w 7,cml ,o7 7#a72 ,five 7#e7 copies to each of the following3 ,t_/,o ,e #e-ae2 #e-af2 #e-ag2 #e-ce2 #e-cf2 #e-cg2 #e-aga2 #e-age2 #e-agf2 #e-aib2 #e-bae2 #e-baf2 #e-bag2 #e-bce2 #e-bcf2 #e-bch2 #e-dge,t2 #e-dgf,t2 #e-dgg,t4 ,refer to ,,fm #ba-f for explanation of distribution formula4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,part ,,one ,,introduction ,paragraph ,page ,,section ,i4 ,,general ,scope #a #a ,records #b #a ,,section ,,ii4 ,,description ,,and ,,data ,uses of flame throwers #c #a ,characteristics and employment #d #d ,description and functioning #e #f ,identification information #f #i ,differences in models #g #i ,interchanging parts with ,m#a or ,m#a;,a#a flame thrower #h #i ,data #i #i ,,section ,,iii4 ,,tools1 ,,parts1 ,,and ,,accessories ,items with each flame thrower #aj #aa ,,part ,,two ,,operating ,,instructions ,,section ,,iv4 ,,general ,scope #aa #ad ,,section ,v4 ,,service ,,upon ,,receipt ,,of ,,equipment ,new equipment #ab #ad ,used equipment #ac #ae ,,section ,,vi4 ,,controls ,controls #ad #ae ,,section ,,vii4 ,,operation ,,under ,,usual ,,conditions ,training #ae #af ,charging1 filling1 and servicing #af #af ,connecting tank group and gun group #ag #af ,loading with ignition cylinder #ah #ag ,carrying the tank group #ai #ba ,carrying the gun #bj #ba ,opening pressure-tank valve #ba #bb ,ranges #bb #bb ,wind deflection #bc #bb ,firing positions #bd #bc ,aiming #be #bc ,firing #bf #bc ,ceasing or interrupting fire #bg #bf ,additional bursts #bh #bf ,soaking the target #bi #bf ,after firing #cj #bf ,,section ,,viii4 ,,auxiliary ,,equipment ,ignition cylinder #ca #bg ,charging pressure tank #cb #bh ,precautions when pressure-charging #cc #cb ,characteristics of fuels #cd #cc ,preparation of thickened fuels #ce #cd ,preparation of liquid fuels #cf #ch ,filling by pouring #cg #ci ,filling by force pump #ch #dj ,filling by blowing #ci #dj ,precautions with fuels #dj #dc ,,section ,,ix4 ,,operation ,,under ,,unusual ,,conditions ,wet conditions #da #dd ,dust and mud #db #dd ,heat #dc #dd ,cold #dd #de ,wind #de #de ,,section ,x4 ,,demolition ,,to ,,prevent ,,enemy ,,use ,destruction procedure #df #de ,,part ,,three ,,maintenance ,,instructions ,,section ,,xi4 ,,general ,scope #dg #df ,,section ,,xii4 ,,special ,,organizational ,,tools ,,and ,,equipment ,service kit #dh #df ,,section ,,xiii4 ,,lubrication ,lubrication #di #di ,,section ,,xiv4 ,,preventive ,,maintenance ,,services ,general #ej #di ,before-operation service of tank group #ea #ej ,before-operation service of gun group #eb #ej ,service when filling and charging #ec #eb ,service when firing #ed #ec ,service after firing #ee #ec ,service after six firing missions #ef #ed ,,section ,,xv4 ,,trouble ,,shooting ,precautions #eg #ee ,fuel leaks #eh #ee ,safety head 8blows0 7breaks7 #ei #ef ,carrier uncomfortable #fj #ef ,short range #fa #ef ,fuel-valve failure #fb #eg ,failure of ignition cylinder to ignite #fc #eg ,failure of fuel to ignite #fd #eh ,,section ,,xvi4 ,,tank ,,group ,general #fe #eh ,pressure tank and valve assembly #ff #ei ,pressure regulator #fg #fc ,fuel-tank assembly #fh #fe ,filling and safety-head plug assemblies #fi #fg ,tank coupling #gj #fi ,carrier #ga #ga ,,section ,,xvii4 ,,gun ,,group ,general #gb #gd ,fuel-hose assembly #gc #gd ,valve grip #gd #ge ,barrel and valve-body assembly #ge #gg ,ignition head #gf #hb ,,appendix ,,section ,,xviii4 ,,shipment ,,and ,,storage ,shipment and storage #gg #hf ,,section ,,xix4 ,,list ,,of ,,references ,references #gh #hg ,,index ,illustration3 ,fig #a4 ,portable flame thrower ,m#b-b4 ,,part ,,one ,,introduction ,section ,i ,,general #a4 ,,scope4 a4 ,arrangement4 ,this manual is published to guide and inform personnel using and maintaining flame thrower1 portable1 ,m#b-b4 ,part ,one contains general information2 ,part ,two is a guide to operation2 ,part ,three gives maintenance procedures4 ,the ,appendix discusses shipment and storage procedures1 and applicable publications4 b4 ,references4 ,references are listed in the ,appendix4 ,the list includes field manuals1 technical manuals1 and ,army ,regulations4 #b4 ,,records4 ,although no standard maintenance forms and records are furnished1 an improvised list should be kept of the number of times each flame thrower has been fired4 ,the list indicates when it is necessary to provide the after-six-missions preventive maintenance and lubrication4 ,it should be tacked or glued to the inside surface of the packing-chest lid and each flame thrower should always be returned to its own chest4 ,section ,,ii ,,description ,,and ,,data #c4 ,,uses ,,of ,,flame ,,throwers4 ,flame throwers can3 a4 ,penetrate openings1 such as embrasures and gun ports1 and fill the fortifications with flame and smoke4 b4 ,burn1 asphyxiate1 and blind enemy personnel1 causing casualties1 shock1 panic1 and abandonment of a fortified position4 c4 ,ignite combustible parts of shelters and materiel and start detonation of sensitive ammunition and explosives4 ,illustration3 ,fig #b4 ,firing with liquid fuel4 ,illustration3 ,fig #c4 ,firing with thickened fuel4 ,thickened fuel has longer range than liquid fuel and burns on target for several minutes4 d4 8,shoot around corners10 when fuel is fired from dead or blind angles4 ,this is made possible by the billowing and swirling movements of flaming gases4 ,blazing thickened fuels also ricochet from wall to wall in fortifications4 e4 ,cause the enemy to close ports1 temporarily putting the emplacement out of action and thus protecting the demolition party4 f4 ,mop up dug-in personnel4 g4 ,eliminate enemy nests in street or jungle fighting4 #d4 ,,characteristics ,,and ,,employment4 a4 ,action4 ,fuel is propelled into the target by a charge of highly compressed air or nitrogen4 ,as fuel leaves the gun of the ,m#b-b portable flame thrower 7,fig #a71 it is ignited by contact with flame from charges of incendiary mix held in an expendable ignition cylinder4 b4 ,bursts4 ,a continuous stream or separate bursts may be fired for approximately #h to #i seconds1 not including time between the bursts4 ,the five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder are controlled by the trigger and can ignite several bursts4 c4 ,range4 ,portable flame throwers are fired at extremely close or point-blank range for best results4 7,par #bb7 ,effective range for liquid fuels 7,fig #b7 is as far as #bj yards1 and for thickened fuels 7,fig #c71 #dj yards1 but underbrush and adverse winds can reduce the distances4 d4 ,weight4 ,to keep the weight as light as possible and still provide strength to withstand very high pressures1 most parts are made of aluminum or sheet steel4 e4 ,tactics4 ,two or more flame throwers are generally used on a mission with other weapons of the assault squad4 7,see ,,fm #ca-ej1 8,attack on a ,fortified ,position and ,combat in ,towns407 f4 ,firers and assistants4 ,one man carries and fires each flame thrower4 ,well-armed assistants accompany firers to give close protection and to serve as emergency replacements4 ,whereas the ,m#a;,a#a portable flame thrower may require the help of an assistant to open the pressure-tank valve1 the ,m#b-b flame thrower pressure-tank valve is located within reach of the firer and is operated by him without assistance4 ,firers and assistants should be thoroughly trained in operation of the weapon4 ,illustration3 ,fig #d4 ,tank group4 g4 ,charging and filling4 ,in order to replace pressure tanks 7cylinders7 of earlier types of flame throwers1 it is necessary to unscrew and screw threaded connections4 ,experience has shown that this frequently resulted in damage to threads1 leakage1 loss of pressure1 and loss of range4 ,it is also necessary to use tools to replace each pressure tank 7cylinder74 ,the design of the ,m#b-b flame thrower eliminates these difficulties4 ,the tank group 7,fig #d7 may be charged and filled as a unit with or without gun and hose4 ,the quick-connecting tank coupling permits rapid interchanging of empty and full tank groups by the firers or assistants4 ,this is done without tools1 takes very little time1 and cannot cause leakage1 loss of pressure1 and loss of range due to damaged threads4 #e4 ,,description ,,and ,,functioning4 ,the flame thrower consists of two major groups3 tank group and gun group4 ,detailed descriptions of assemblies and parts are included in ,paragraphs #ff through #gf4 a4 ,tank group4 7,figs #d and #e7 ,carried upon the firer's back1 the tank group holds fuel and pressure4 ,the tank group may be identified as tank1 fuel1 portable flame thrower1 ,m#b1 assembly ,d#ha-a-dhb4 ,it consists principally of3 7#a7 ,two fuel tanks1 holding a total of #d gallons of fuel1 and joined by a tank connector to form a single fuel reservoir4 7#b7 ,pressure tank1 charged with highly compressed air or nitrogen used to propel fuel from the fuel tanks through the gun to the target4 ,the tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure and uniformly long range throughout the firing4 7#c7 ,pressure-tank valve1 which releases air or nitrogen through the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks4 ,the valve can be opened by the firer without the assistance required in the case of the ,m#a;,a#a flame thrower4 7#d7 ,pressure regulator1 which automatically assures delivery of air or nitrogen to the fuel tanks at the proper pressure4 ,the regulator is located in a position where it cannot easily be damaged4 7#e7 ,carrier1 which supports the tank group on the firer's back and shoulders and secures it to his body4 ,it includes body and shoulder straps and quick-releasing fasteners4 b4 ,gun group4 7,fig #f7 ,carried1 aimed1 and operated by the hands of the firer1 the gun group ignites the fuel and directs the flame into the target4 ,it includes3 7#a7 ,fuel hose1 which conveys fuel from the tank group to the gun4 ,the fuel hose may be requisitioned as hose1 fuel1 portable flame thrower1 ,m#a1 assembly ,b#ha-a-dih4 7#b7 ,gun1 which ignites the fuel and directs it to the target4 ,the gun may be identified as gun1 portable flame thrower1 ,m#b1 assembly ,d#ha-a-dje4 ,it consists of3 7a7 ,fuel valve1 which discharges fuel through the barrel4 ,the valve is operated by squeezing the valve lever and the grip safety1 which are on opposite sides of the valve grip4 ,the valve also includes a barrel from which the fuel is ejected4 ,the ignition head is supported on the front of the barrel4 7b7 ,ignition head1 which ignites the fuel as it passes from the nozzle of the barrel4 ,with each pull of the trigger on the front grip1 one of five charges of incendiary mix in an ignition cylinder is ignited4 ,this pilot flame ignites the fuel as it is propelled from the gun4 ,illustration3 ,fig #e4 ,tank group with carrier folded back to show construction4 ,illustration3 ,fig #f4 ,gun group of portable flame thrower ,m#b-b4 #f4 ,,identification ,,information4 ,the words 8,chemical ,warfare ,service10 model numbers1 serial numbers1 lot numbers1 weight1 cubage1 manufacturers' names1 contract number1 and date of packing are indicated on the packing chest or the equipment4 ,the numbers and letters shown on the equipment should be referred to when repairs are required4 ,the tank group and the gun 7without the fuel hose7 may each be marked 8,m#b0 and the fuel hose may be marked 8,m#a10 although all of these are components of the ,m#b-b portable flame thrower4 #g4 ,,differences ,,in ,,models4 a4 ,m#b-b and ,e#c portable flame throwers4 ,portable flame thrower ,m#b-b is identical in all important respects with portable flame thrower ,e#c4 7,the ,e#c flame thrower1 when standardized with some modifications1 became the ,m#b-b47 ,operation and maintenance of the ,m#b-b and ,e#c are in general the same1 and the parts are interchangeable4 b4 ,m#b-b1 ,m#a1 and ,m#a;,a#a portable flame throwers4 ,portable flame thrower ,m#b-b has the same fuel capacity but differs in construction from portable flame throwers ,m#a and ,m#a;,a#a4 ,parts are not interchangeable except as stated in ,paragraph #h4 #h4 ,,interchanging ,,parts ,,with ,m#a ,,or ,m#a;,a#a ,,flame ,,thrower4 ,to use an ,m#b-b gun with tank group 7fuel unit7 of an ,m#a or ,m#a;,a#a portable flame thrower3 a4 ,remove fuel hose from ,m#b-b gun4 b4 ,screw a #c_/d-;inch by #a_/b-;inch pipe bushing into the side opening of the fuel-valve body4 ,this bushing is furnished in the spare parts kit of each ,m#b-b portable flame thrower4 7,par #aj7 c4 ,screw the fuel-hose assembly of the ,m#a or ,m#a;,a#a flame thrower into the #a_/b-;inch opening of the bushing1 using a wrench to make a tight connection4 #i4 ,,data4 ,all data are approximate4 a4 ,range4 ,see ,paragraph #bb4 b4 ,duration of fire4 7#a7 ,fuel4 7a7 ,continuous discharge of approximately #h to #i seconds1 or 7b7 ,several short bursts totalling approximately #h to #i seconds 7not including time between bursts74 7#b7 ,ignition cylinder4 ,five charges in each cylinder1 #h to #ab seconds per charge4 c4 ,weights4 ,pounds ,portable flame thrower ,m#b-b1 empty1 in shipping chest 7including the chest and all contents7 #aaj ,portable flame thrower ,m#b-b1 empty #dc ,portable flame thrower ,m#b-b1 filled with fuel #fh to #gb ,tank group1 empty #ce ,tank group1 filled with fuel #fj to #fd ,gun group #h d4 ,dimensions4 ,inches ,gun1 length #cj ,fuel hose1 length #cg ,tank group1 height #bg ,tank group1 width #bj ,tank group1 breadth #aa ,packing chest #cd x #bc x #ai 7,cube of packing chest3 #h-a_/b cubic feet7 e4 ,capacity of weapon4 ,ignition cylinder 7,m#a or ,e#a7 #a 7which includes #e incendiary charges7 ,fuel #d gallons plus void for air or nitrogen f4 ,pressures4 ,pounds per sq4 in4 ,pressure tank #a1gjj to #b1ajj ,fuel tanks #cej g4 ,ratio of expended supplies4 ,for every #ajj complete fillings of the flame thrower1 the following supplies are normally expended3 7#a7 ,nitrogen contained in fifteen #bbj-;cubic-foot cylinders or an equivalent volume of compressed air4 7,eleven cylinders are expended if the four-place arrangement described in ,paragraph #cb is used47 7#b7 #dej gallons of fuel 7#djj gallons plus #ej gallons for spillage1 spoilage1 and evaporation74 7#c7 #ajj ignition cylinders4 7#d7 ,if thickened fuel is used1 #ace pounds 7in cans of #e-a_/d pounds each7 of ,u4 ,s4 ,army fuel thickener4 ,section ,,iii ,,tools1 ,,parts1 ,,and ,,accessories #aj4 ,,items ,,with ,,each ,,flame ,,thrower4 ,the items listed below or their equivalents 7,fig #g7 are included in each ,m#b-b flame-thrower packing chest1 in addition to the flame thrower4 ,numbers listed with items are ,chemical ,warfare ,service stock numbers4 a4 ,kit1 tool1 for portable flame thrower ,m#b-b1 assembly ,b#ha-f-ej4 b4 ,kit1 spare parts1 for portable flame thrower ,m#b-b1 assembly ,b#ha-f-eb4 c4 ,cylinder1 ignition1 portable flame thrower ,m#a4 7#f cylinders1 in #c cans containing #b each7 d4 ,technical ,manual #c-cgf;,a1 8,portable ,flame ,thrower ,m#b-b40 e4 ,gun mounting board4 7,fig #aj7 f4 ,plug1 coupling1 ,e#ha-a-ead 7for use in tank coupling when filling tank group with gun detached74 ,illustration3 ,fig #g4 ,items packed in chest with each flame thrower3 ,a--,spare parts kit2 ,b--,packing list2 ,c--,three cans of ignition cylinders2 ,d--,tool kit2 ,e--,coupling plug2 ,f--,,tm #c-cgf;,a1 8,portable ,flame ,thrower ,m#b-b40 ,illustration3 ,fig #h4 ,contents of tool kit3 ,a4 #a ,screw driver1 cabinet1 #d-a_/b-;inch blade length1 #c_/af-;inch blade diameter1 ,h#bb-ej-ac4 ,b4 #a ,wrench1 hex1 #a_/h-;inch across flats for #a_/d-;inch socket-head set screws1 ,h#bb-di-ab4 ,c4 #a ,wrench1 engineers'1 double head1 #c_/d-;inch and #g_/h-;inch openings1 #i inches approx length1 ,h#bb-di-aae4 ,d4 #a ,screw driver1 common1 #f-;inch blade length1 #e_/af-;inch blade diameter1 ,h#bb-ej-f4 ,e4 #a ,wrench1 valve-adjusting1 assembly1 ,a#ha-f-dh4 ,f4 #a ,wrench1 heavy 8,s01 #a-c_/h-;inch and #a-a_/b-;inch openings1 #ab inches approx length1 ,h#bb-di-aac4 ,g4 #a ,wrench1 engineers'1 single head1 #a-a_/h inch opening1 #aj-a_/b inches approx length1 ,h#bb-di-ca4 ,h4 #a ,wrench1 adjustable1 single end1 #f inches approx length 7crescent type71 ,h#bb-di-fg4 ,i4 #a ,wrench1 heavy 8,s01 #a-c_/h-;inch and #a-c_/d-;inch openings1 #ab inches approx length1 ,a#ha-f-di4 ,illustration3 ,fig #i4 ,contents of spare parts kit3 ,a4 #a ,diaphragm1 valve1 assembly1 ,a#ha-a-daf4 ,b4 #a ,case1 spring1 assembly1 ,b#ha-a-ddd4 ,c4 #a ,bushing1 pipe1 head1 #c_/d-;inch by #a_/b-;inch 7galvanized iron71 ,h#ih-e-ic4 ,d4 #b ,washers1 coupling1 ,a#ha-a-eac4 ,e4 #c ,heads1 safety1 ,r#ha-a-efa4 ,illustration3 ,fig #aj4 ,packing chest open1 with gun on mounting board4 ,tool kit1 spare parts kit1 and cans of ignition cylinders in boxes at right4 ,,part ,,two ,,operating ,,instructions ,section ,,iv ,,general #aa4 ,,scope4 ,part ,two of this manual is for the guidance of operating personnel4 ,it includes information on the controls and on operation4 ,section ,v ,,service ,,upon ,,receipt ,,of ,,equipment #ab4 ,,new ,,equipment4 ,upon receipt of a new flame thrower1 the following procedure should be carried out3 a4 ,cut packing-chest steel straps and seals with pliers4 b4 ,remove the screws1 if present1 from top of chest4 c4 ,open two latches at front of chest4 d4 ,lift lid backward and connect chain from inside of chest to inside of lid4 e4 ,remove moistureproof paper4 f4 ,remove gun from carton4 ,after removing waterproofing tape from ends of hose1 connect hose and gun4 7,par #ag7 g4 ,remove mounting board and place gun with hose on the board as shown in ,figure #aj4 ,illustration3 ,fig #aa4 ,screwing deflector tube in safety head on left fuel tank4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ab4 ,controls for operation of portable flame thrower ,m#b-b4 h4 ,remove spare parts kit1 tool kit1 cans of ignition cylinders1 and other items from packing chest4 i4 ,compare contents with packing list found in or on packing chest4 ,inspect all contents carefully for completeness1 correct adjustment1 and good condition4 j4 ,insert deflector tube in safety head on left fuel tank4 7,fig #aa7 ,outlet should face to rear and at a #de-;degree angle to operator's left shoulder4 7,fig #ah7 ,screw in deflector tube by hand2 do not use wrench on deflector tube4 ,tighten lock nut with wrench4 k4 ,before use on a mission1 test-fire the weapon4 7,par #ef b7 l4 ,save the packing chest for storage of the equipment when flame thrower is not being carried on a firing mission or serviced4 #ac4 ,,used ,,equipment4 ,when they apply1 the same steps should be taken as in ,paragraph #ab4 ,any worn or damaged parts should be replaced4 ,areas where paint has worn off should be touched up with fresh paint4 ,section ,,vi ,,controls #ad4 ,,controls4 ,the firer uses the pressure-tank valve handle1 the trigger1 and the valve lever and grip safety 7,fig #ab7 in succession as follows3 a4 ,valve handle4 ,the pressure-tank valve is operated by turning a handle on the valve flexible shaft within reach of the firer4 ,counterclockwise operation of handle releases pressure to the fuel tanks4 ,clockwise turning closes the valve4 b4 ,trigger4 ,the trigger is at the front grip of the gun4 ,pulling the trigger vigorously ignites an incendiary charge in the ignition cylinder4 ,this in turn ignites the fuel as it leaves the gun4 ,the trigger action also causes the ignition cylinder to revolve one-fifth of a turn1 presenting another charge for firing4 ,each of the five charges may thus be used in rapid succession1 if necessary1 by pulling the trigger vigorously as many as five times4 c4 ,valve lever and grip safety4 ,the valve lever and grip safety are mounted on opposite sides of the valve grip of the gun4 ,when both controls are compressed1 fuel is propelled from the gun4 ,if either the valve lever or the grip safety is not compressed1 the fuel valve remains closed and the fuel remains in the weapon4 ,section ,,vii ,,operation ,,under ,,usual ,,conditions #ae4 ,,training4 ,effective use of the ,m#b-b portable flame thrower can be achieved only by diligent practice with the weapon4 ,untrained firers or assistants should never be sent on a mission4 a4 ,practice4 ,firers should practice under varying conditions of wind1 range1 elevation1 depression1 and traverse4 ,the shortness of the total firing time 7approximately #h to #i seconds7 demands split-second judgment and coordination4 b4 ,use of water in training4 ,water may be used 7instead of fuel7 for elementary practice firing4 ,ignition cylinders are not used with water4 ,the water under pressure may cause serious injuries to personnel at #aj yards4 ,after practice with water1 the gun should be disassembled 7,pars #gc through #gf71 cleaned and dried piece by piece1 and lubricated4 7,par #di7 c4 ,use of fuel in training4 ,when using fuel in training1 select or prepare a practice field of fire which provides at least #abe yards for range and #cj yards for spread4 ,if the field contains dry grass1 brush1 or other flammable material1 a fire-fighting squad should be available with equipment and source of water4 ,assistants and observers should stay well behind the firer because of danger from wind shifts4 ,see ,paragraph #dj for additional precautions4 #af4 ,,charging1 ,,filling1 ,,and ,,servicing4 ,before use on missions or for training1 flame throwers must be charged1 filled1 and serviced4 ,charging with compressed air or compressed nitrogen is described in ,paragraphs #cb and #cc2 filling with fuel in ,paragraphs #cd through #dj2 and servicing in ,paragraphs #ej through #ef4 ,test for pressure4 7,par #ec d7 #ag4 ,,connecting ,,tank ,,group ,,and ,,gun ,,group4 ,if a charged and filled tank group has been brought up to replace an emptied one3 a4 ,place the new tank group on the ground with the tank coupling on top4 ,if the filling is thickened fuel1 allow the tank group to rest in this position for from #a to #b minutes4 b4 ,remove coupling plug from new tank group and disconnect gun group from emptied tank group4 ,place unthreaded end of fuel hose in tank coupling and lock in place4 7,par #gj7 c4 ,lock the coupling plug in the emptied tank group4 #ah4 ,,loading ,,with ,,ignition ,,cylinder4 a4 ,general4 ,just before the start of a mission1 load an unused ignition cylinder into the ignition head4 7,m#a and ,e#a ignition cylinders are identical and may be used interchangeably47 ,cylinders are packed two to a can4 ,do not open cans until ready to load for a mission4 ,the second cylinder in the can should be used in another flame thrower on the same mission or as soon as possible after opening the can4 ,partly used cylinders may be employed in training4 b4 ,precautions4 ,care must be taken1 whenever cylinders are handled1 to avoid any blows or pressure against the metal match ends4 7,fig #ac7 ,face1 hands1 and other parts of the body should never be exposed to front of cylinder or front of gun4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ac4 ,ignition cylinder before use4 c4 ,procedure4 ,loading procedure is as follows3 7#a7 ,unscrew and remove ignition shield4 7,fig #ad7 7#b7 ,place ignition cylinder on end of barrel 7,fig #ae71 being careful not to grasp cylinder by its ends4 7#c7 ,raise nozzle end of gun so cylinder slides down against the spring case of the ignition head4 7,fig #af7 ,if necessary1 rotate cylinder so it slips down all the way4 ,do not force cylinder into place as forcing may prematurely ignite it4 7#d7 ,rotate spring case and ignition cylinder clockwise as far as they turn freely4 7#e7 ,place ignition shield over cylinder4 ,engage the slot in the shield on the spring-case pin4 7#f7 ,turn shield1 screwing it onto ignition-head body4 ,make sure the threads engage during the first turn of the shield4 ,when the slot on the shield engages the latch on the ignition head 7,fig #ag71 the gun is loaded4 7#g7 ,if shield cannot be turned by hand tight enough to engage latch1 unscrew shield4 ,then turn shield backwards until threads engage and repeat 7#f7 above4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ad4 ,unscrewing ignition shield1 with pressure on latch4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ae4 ,placing ignition cylinder on gun4 ,care must be taken to avoid striking or pushing metal matches of cylinder4 ,illustration3 ,fig #af4 ,ignition cylinder in place on gun before replacement of ignition shield4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ag4 ,ignition head assembled for firing of gun4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ah4 ,tank group adjusted on firer4 #ai4 ,,carrying ,,the ,,tank ,,group4 ,the tanks are supported on the firer's back and secured to it by two shoulder straps and two pairs of body straps4 7,fig #ah7 ,the straps may be adjusted by the buckles to fit the operator4 ,the shoulder straps pass over the shoulders and under the arm pits2 the lower body straps are clasped tightly in front of the body2 and the upper body straps are clasped across the chest to prevent the shoulder straps from slipping and the tank group from rolling off the back4 ,adjustments to the various straps should be made until the unit is carried with the bottom of the fuel tanks at the small of the operator's back4 ,the tank group should fit snugly so that it does not shift if the operator changes position quickly4 #bj4 ,,carrying ,,the ,,gun4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ai4 ,carrying the gun1 with hands in position to fire4 ,the procedure for carrying the gun is as follows3 a4 ,carry the gun with the hose at the right side4 7,fig #ai7 b4 ,grasp the valve grip with the right hand and the front grip with the left hand1 being careful not to operate the controls until ready to fire4 c4 ,keep the gun pointed away from friendly personnel at all times4 d4 ,do not face the front of the gun at any time4 ,even when no fuel is being ejected1 the incendiary charges of the ignition cylinder can cause severe burns4 e4 ,keep the gun dry and clean if possible4 ,avoid getting dirt or foreign matter into the weapon4 f4 ,avoid rough handling4 g4 ,wear gloves if available4 h4 ,carry any extra ignition cylinders only in metal containers4 #ba4 ,,opening ,,pressure-,,tank ,,valve4 ,the release of pressure into the fuel tank causes a hissing sound4 ,therefore1 open the pressure-tank valve while still out of hearing range of the enemy4 ,do not1 however1 open it prematurely because of the possibility of pressure leaks4 ,to prevent frothing of the fuel1 keep the tank group in as nearly an upright position as possible when opening pressure-tank valve4 ,be sure to turn the valve handle all the way in a counterclockwise direction4 ,stiffening of the fuel hose occurs when the pressure-tank valve is opened4 #bb4 ,,ranges4 ,firers and assistants should learn to judge ranges by frequent practice under varying conditions4 ,the firers should be trained to approach as close as practicable to the target and to fire if possible at point-blank range for the greatest results4 a4 ,point-blank range4 7#a7 ,effects4 ,at very close 7point-blank7 range almost all of the burning fuel can be fired at great velocity directly through ports and openings into the target4 ,maximum casualties and damage are caused in the hostile position4 7#b7 ,protection4 ,common sense precautions are taken to prevent casualties to friendly personnel from possible ricochet or rebounding of flame4 ,if the target includes a vertical wall at a right angle to the firer or other friendly personnel1 the weapon should not be fired at closer than #g to #aj yards4 ,when the weapon is fired at small openings in a bunker or pillbox1 the firer and other members of the assault squad should not approach closer than #g to #aj yards from the target4 b4 ,other effective ranges4 7#a7 ,open fields of fire4 ,when thickened gasoline is used1 portable flame throwers may fire with considerable effect as far as #dj yards under normal conditions1 depending on wind direction and wind speed4 ,under the same conditions1 liquid fuel maybe effective at #bj yards4 ,results and accuracy are not as great as at point-blank range4 7#b7 ,jungle or thick underbrush4 ,if the target is located in jungle or thick underbrush without cleared fields of fire1 the effective range of the flame thrower is reduced by as much as one half1 depending on the nature and density of the vegetation4 c4 ,ineffective ranges4 ,although the flame may reach considerably farther than the ranges stated in b 7#a7 above it may be useless because of the steep angle of descent and because much of the fuel is burned before it reaches the target4 #bc4 ,,wind ,,deflection4 ,wind is an important factor because of the low velocity of the flaming fuel4 ,wind can lengthen1 shorten1 or deflect the flame4 a4 ,head winds4 ,head winds of more than #e miles per hour tend to carry heat or even flame back toward the firer4 ,liquid fuel should not be fired into a head wind of more than #e miles per hour4 ,the range and accuracy of thickened fuels is reduced4 b4 ,following winds or very light winds4 ,best results are obtained under these conditions4 c4 ,cross winds4 ,when firing at or near maximum range1 cross winds deflect1 breakup1 and disperse the flame4 ,they also reduce the range4 #bd4 ,,firing ,,positions4 a4 ,ease of aiming4 ,the flame thrower can be fired from any position that permits sufficient freedom to aim the weapon1 subject to the conditions in b1 c1 and d1 below4 ,this includes standing1 kneeling1 and prone4 ,in some instances1 flame throwers have been fired with tank groups resting on the ground or on skids4 ,if used in this way1 the tops of the fuel tanks must be propped up to conform to b1 below4 b4 ,angles of the tanks4 ,when firing1 the bottoms of the fuel tanks must always be substantially lower than the tops4 ,the tops of both tanks must also each be the same distance above the horizontal and neither tank should be tilted to one side4 ,otherwise1 only a small part of the fuel may be blown from the tanks4 c4 ,recoil4 ,stability must be sufficient to withstand the recoil from the gun4 ,if possible1 the firer should hold the gun snugly against his right side to support it and to absorb its recoil4 d4 ,protection4 ,full advantage should be taken of cover and concealment1 such as shell craters and vegetation4 #be4 ,,aiming4 a4 ,sighting4 ,there are no sights on the gun because of the short range from which it is fired1 the variety of fuels used1 and the marked effects of wind4 7,par #bc7 b4 ,fortifications4 ,when firing at a fortified position1 flame must be directed into openings 7gun ports1 firing slits1 ventilation screens1 doorways74 ,flame inside gives the desired effects1 but flame on the outside has little effect on personnel within4 c4 ,thickened fuel4 7,figs #c and #bj7 ,when firing at or near maximum range1 it may take several seconds for a burst of thickened fuel to carry through the air to the target area4 ,short bursts may result in misses at long range for this reason4 ,skill in aiming is particularly important with thickened fuel4 d4 ,liquid fuel4 ,with liquid fuel1 the greatest effect may be obtained by placing the flame directly on the target4 7,fig #ba7 ,illustration3 ,fig #bj4 ,thickened fuel flame hitting and clinging to target4 ,fuel burns for several minutes4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ba4 ,flame 7liquid fuel7 hitting target4 #bf4 ,,firing4 ,with pressure-tank valve open3 a4 ,pull trigger4 ,pull the trigger rapidly and vigorously4 ,a flash should appear at the front of the gun4 ,this shows that an incendiary charge of the ignition cylinder has been ignited4 ,release the trigger4 7,if the flash does not appear1 pull the trigger again1 or as often as necessary up to five times1 until a flash appears47 b4 ,squeeze fuel valve4 ,immediately after pulling trigger1 compress the valve lever and grip safety vigorously with the right hand4 ,burning fuel will be propelled from the gun4 c4 ,adjust fire4 ,direct the flaming fuel at the target4 ,continue to squeeze the valve lever and grip safety throughout the burst4 ,when thickened fuel is fired1 follow the fuel with eyes to the side of the stream in order to observe and correct aim4 7,if eyes are directly behind the stream1 the flame may obscure the target47 #bg4 ,,ceasing ,,or ,,interrupting ,,fire4 ,to cease or interrupt firing1 release the controls4 #bh4 ,,additional ,,bursts4 ,to fire additional bursts1 repeat procedure followed in ,paragraphs #bf and #bg1 keeping in mind that there are five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder and that the total firing time1 not including time between bursts1 is approximately #h to #i seconds4 ,each of the five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder burns for from #h to #ab seconds4 #bi4 ,,soaking ,,the ,,target4 ,when liquid fuel is used1 it may be desirable to soak the target with fuel first and ignite it afterward4 ,to do this1 fire one or two short bursts without pulling the trigger4 ,then follow with an ignited burst1 as in ,paragraph #bf4 #cj4 ,,after ,,firing4 ,when the firer has returned from his mission1 he should3 a4 ,remove and discard the ignition cylinder1 as follows3 7#a7 ,point gun at the ground4 7#b7 ,press latch4 7,fig #ad7 7#c7 ,unscrew the ignition shield and allow ignition cylinder to fall out4 7,be careful to keep the hands away from the front of the cylinder47 7#d7 ,save the partly used cylinder for training use or destroy it by firing from gun after fuel tanks have been emptied4 ,for information on care1 handling1 and storage of cylinders1 see ,paragraph #ca4 b4 ,close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise 7to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank74 c4 ,point the gun away from personnel and blow out the remaining fuel1 if any1 from the fuel tanks by squeezing the valve lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge4 ,the trigger should not be used during this operation4 d4 ,take off tank group from the back4 e4 ,inspect1 clean1 and maintain the flame thrower 7,pars #ee and #ef7 or1 if experienced maintenance personnel is close at hand1 turn the weapon over to them for servicing4 f4 ,after servicing1 place the weapon in the packing chest 7,par #gg7 for protected storage1 or prepare it for the next mission4 7,pars #ej through #ec7 ,section ,,viii ,,auxiliary ,,equipment #ca4 ,,ignition ,,cylinder4 a4 ,description and functioning4 7,figs #ac and #bb7 ,either the ,m#a or ,e#a ignition cylinder may be used4 ,it fits over the fore part of the barrel assembly and is revolved by the spring case4 7,par #gf7 ,the five incendiary charges in the cylinder are spaced sufficiently far apart in the plastic body to prevent their igniting one another4 ,lead-foil seals1 plastic closure plates1 and waterproof cement make the unit comparatively waterproof4 ,illustration3 ,fig #bb4 ,cutaway view of ignition cylinder 7,m#a or ,e#a74 b4 ,action4 ,when the trigger rod is pushed forward1 one of five metal matches tipped with red phosphorus scratches an igniting mixture4 ,the ignition carries to a starter mix and to a few grains of black powder on top of the incendiary charge4 ,the black powder blows the foil seal and closure plate clear of the flame thrower1 and the incendiary charge ignites the fuel as it is discharged from the nozzle4 ,the incendiary charge burns for from #h to #ab seconds4 c4 ,packing4 ,ignition cylinders are packed two per waterproof can4 ,three cans are furnished with each flame thrower4 ,fifty cans 7#ajj ignition cylinders7 are contained in each packing box of extra cylinders4 d4 ,care1 handling1 and storage4 ,ignition cylinders contain hazardous incendiary material and must be handled with due care4 ,the following precautions should be observed4 7#a7 ,opening cans4 ,do not open cans containing cylinders until ready to load for a mission4 7,par #ah7 ,if an extra cylinder remains in an opened can1 use it as soon as possible4 ,any defective cylinders1 such as those with damaged closure plates1 should be destroyed4 7,pars #cj and #df7 ,moisture may affect the cylinders and all possible care should be taken to avoid exposing them to dampness4 7#b7 ,handling cylinders4 ,pressure on any of the five metal matches 7,fig #ac7 may ignite an incendiary charge in the cylinder4 ,care must be exercised to avoid putting pressure on the projecting ends of the matches except when firing the weapon4 ,ignition cylinders and cylinder containers should be protected against shock4 ,boxes and cans containing cylinders must not be thrown or dropped4 7#c7 ,storing containers4 ,containers of ignition cylinders are best stored in a dry1 well-ventilated place1 out of the direct rays of the sun1 well protected against excessive temperatures4 ,smoking is not permitted and matches are not used where ignition cylinders are stored4 #cb4 ,,charging ,,pressure ,,tank4 a4 ,general4 ,the pressure tank of the flame thrower must be fully charged with compressed air or compressed nitrogen before the start of a mission4 ,for the ,m#b-b flame thrower1 a pressure of at least #a1gjj pounds per square inch is required4 ,this may be provided either by the use of an air compressor capable of producing a pressure of at least #a1gjj pounds per square inch1 or by the use of commercial cylinders4 ,the filling and charging lines from the service kit are used in conjunction with the cylinders4 ,before and after charging1 follow the procedures described in ,paragraphs #ea and #ee4 b4 ,charging from air compressor4 ,compressor1 air1 gasoline engine driven1 #g;,,cfm1 ,m#a1 is a self-contained1 skid-mounted machine designed for use with flame throwers4 ,it is capable of charging pressure tanks of flame throwers and large #bjj- or #bbj-;cubic-foot commercial cylinders as well4 ,instructions for use of the compressor will be found in the manual accompanying it4 c4 ,charging from cylinders4 ,if an air compressor is not available1 it is necessary to use cylinders containing nitrogen or air4 7#a7 ,volume and pressure4 ,cylinders come charged with #bjj to #bbj cubic feet of air or nitrogen4 ,since cylinders with #bbj cubic feet of air or nitrogen have a higher initial pressure1 it is recommended that they be procured1 if obtainable4 ,all cylinders used must have a pressure of at least #fjj pounds per square inch4 ,one or more of the cylinders must have a pressure of at least #a1hjj pounds per square inch4 ,two or more cylinders1 preferably at least four1 should be used1 if available4 7#b7 ,charging capacity4 ,fully charged cylinders1 if properly used in rotation1 have capacity for charging pressure tanks approximately as follows3 #a cylinder 7used alone7 #b pressure tanks #b cylinders 7in combination7 #f pressure tanks #d cylinders 7in combination7 #bd pressure tanks #e cylinders 7in combination7 #cf pressure tanks #f cylinders 7in combination7 #dh pressure tanks 7#c7 ,apparatus4 ,the apparatus for charging two pressure tanks by the use of cylinders consists of a filling line1 two charging lines1 and two cylinders4 7,fig #bc7 ,the filling line and charging lines are obtained from the service kit4 7,par #dh7 ,plugs are provided to close off either half of the filling line when only one flame-thrower tank group is to be charged4 7#d7 ,warning4 ,oxygen is sometimes shipped in cylinders having the same threads as nitrogen cylinders4 ,if oxygen not mixed with nitrogen1 as in air1 is introduced into the fuel tanks of the portable flame thrower1 a violent explosion may result4 ,therefore1 the greatest care must be exercised to see that only air or nitrogen is used4 ,before a cylinder is connected1 it should be tested to determine that it does not contain straight oxygen or some combustible gas4 ,this may be done by introducing a burning splint into a jet of the contents4 ,oxygen causes the splint to burn quickly1 whereas nitrogen extinguishes the flame4 ,to make the test3 7a7 ,fasten a thin splint of wood to a wire at least a foot long4 7b7 ,ignite the splint4 7c7 ,stand aside and hold it before the cylinder outlet4 7d7 ,crack the valve slightly to permit a small stream of gas to emerge4 7e7 ,if the flame flares up1 the gas is oxygen and ,,must ,,not be used4 7f7 ,if the gas itself catches fire1 it may be hydrogen1 acetylene1 or some other combustible gas1 which also must not be used4 7#e7 ,attaching lines to cylinders4 7,fig #bc7 ,the procedure for charging two flame thrower pressure tanks from two cylinders of nitrogen or compressed air begins as follows3 7a7 ,remove the valve-protection caps from the cylinders4 ,illustration3 ,fig #bc4 ,charging two pressure tanks1 using charging and filling lines1 and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen4 7b7 ,place the cylinders side by side with both outlets facing in the same direction4 7,if the ground is not level enough for the cylinders to stand up side by side1 lay them horizontally with both outlets face up47 7c7 ,before attaching the filling line to the cylinders1 blow out dust4 7,par #cc7 ,then connect1 using wrenches to make the joints pressure tight4 ,do not kink or bend the flexible hose4 ,cylinders must be close enough together to prevent strain on the flexible hose4 7d7 ,attach a charging line to each of the two couplings on the filling line4 7#f7 ,attaching charging lines to pressure tanks4 7a7 ,close pressure-tank valves4 7b7 ,unscrew caps from check valves4 7c7 ,screw the charging-line fittings onto the check valves4 7d7 ,close bleeders4 7#g7 ,charging4 ,the operation of charging two pressure tanks from two cylinders is as follows3 7a7 ,close both filling-line valves4 7b7 ,open cylinder valves4 7c7 ,determine which cylinder has the lower pressure by the gages4 ,open the filling-line valve at the gage showing the lower pressure and fill the pressure tanks to the pressure shown by the gage4 ,close the valve4 ,then open the other filling-line valve and fill the pressure tanks until they reach pressures of at least #a1gjj pounds per square inch as shown by the gage4 7d7 ,when the pressure tanks have been filled1 close the filling-line valves4 ,open the bleeders on the charging lines and leave them open until the pressure in the charging lines is released4 ,then close bleeders4 ,remove the charging-line fittings from the check valves4 ,screw the threaded caps on the check valves and tighten caps with a wrench4 7e7 ,repeat steps in 7a7 through 7d7 above for as many pairs of empty flame-thrower tanks as require charging4 7#h7 ,to insure proper pressure4 ,care should be taken to make certain that the compression delivered to the flame-thrower pressure tank is a full #a1gjj pounds per square inch4 7a7 ,if a filling-line valve leaks1 tighten the packing nut on the valve with a wrench4 7b7 ,when the higher pressure shown on the filling-line gages is less than #a1gjj pounds per square inch1 close the filling-line valve and the cylinder valve on the cylinder having the lower pressure4 ,remove and replace this cylinder with a fully charged cylinder4 ,with chalk1 mark the pressure on the cylinder which has been withdrawn4 7#i7 ,after charging4 ,when charging has been completed3 7a7 ,close the filling-line valves4 ,observe the pressure indicated on each gage and mark the pressure on each cylinder using crayon1 chalk1 or pencil4 7b7 ,close the valves on the cylinders4 7c7 ,remove the charging-line fittings from the check valves1 replace the threaded caps on the check valves1 and tighten caps with a wrench4 7d7 ,remove the filling lines from the cylinders4 ,use two wrenches and take care not to twist or kink the flexible hose4 ,support the lines during the operation so that their full weight does not hang on the flexible hose during removal4 ,illustration3 ,fig #bd4 ,arrangement of cylinders and lines for charging four flame throwers4 ,flexible hose 7assembly ,e#ha-c-f7 from service kit is used to connect two filling lines4 7#aj7 ,use of four-place lines4 7,fig #bd7 ,the filling and charging lines found in two or more service kits may be combined for more efficient charging of large numbers of pressure tanks4 ,an additional flexible hose is provided in each service kit for connecting two filling lines4 ,the procedure for charging is similar to that described above for the two-place line4 ,air or nitrogen is taken first from the cylinder with the lowest pressure and last from the cylinder with the highest pressure4 ,see a 7#b7 above4 #cc4 ,,precautions ,,when ,,pressure-,,charging4 ,personnel will familiarize themselves with the following precautions3 a4 ,handling4 ,handle all cylinders and flame throwers carefully2 never drop them and never subject them to shocks or blows4 ,keep valve-protection caps secured when cylinders are being handled1 except when such handling is incident to the use of the nitrogen or air4 b4 ,storage4 ,keep all cylinders and charged flame throwers or tank groups 7,par #gg7 in open or closed storage4 ,they must1 however1 be protected from dampness and excessive rise in temperature caused by the direct rays of the sun or other source of heat4 ,avoid storing them near highly flammable substances1 or in places where they may be struck by moving objects4 ,segregate empty cylinders to avoid confusion4 c4 ,personnel4 ,do not attempt to use compressed gases unless trained in this work4 ,use gases only for the purposes for which they are intended4 d4 ,cylinder valves4 ,do not tamper with safety devices in cylinder valves4 ,if available1 use the proper replacement parts for safety devices which are in need of repair4 ,if such parts are not available1 do not attempt to use makeshifts or nonstandard parts4 e4 ,opening of valves4 ,open valves slowly and fully each time nitrogen or compressed air is transferred from a cylinder4 ,when a wrench is used1 be sure it is one that fits properly1 and that it is kept ready for instant use while the compressed gas is being released4 f4 ,threads4 ,see that threads match before making connections4 ,some valves are provided with special threads which must be matched by the threads in the equipment being connected4 g4 ,correct equipment4 ,use gages1 regulators1 hose1 pipe1 and tubing of the type manufactured or specified for the particular apparatus or compressed gas4 h4 ,repair4 ,never attempt to alter or repair a cylinder4 i4 ,flames and sparks4 ,do not permit flames1 sparks1 or ignition from the flame thrower or other source to touch hose4 j4 ,blowing out dust4 ,immediately before coupling an attachment to the pressure tank or cylinder valve1 open it for an instant to blow out any dust or dirt4 ,never stand where gas or dirt may be blown into the eyes or face4 ,if the valve is difficult to open1 apply more force gradually4 k4 ,special devices4 ,do not attempt to use any special connections or equipment without the approval of a qualified expert4 l4 ,keeping valves closed4 ,keep the valve of each cylinder closed when its contents are not actually being released from or admitted to the cylinder4 ,this applies alike to all cylinders1 whether they contain a compressed gas or are empty4 #cd4 ,,characteristics ,,of ,,fuels4 ,thickened fuels give up to twice the range of liquid fuels4 ,the stream of thickened fuel is comparatively narrow4 ,most of the glue-like fuel clings to and burns in or on the target for as long as #f minutes4 ,liquid fuels1 on the other hand1 are largely consumed in flight to the target4 ,if the location of small openings in the target is known1 the stream of thickened fuel can be spotted by accurate aiming so that most of the fuel enters directly into the openings4 ,while it does not billow around corners as does liquid fuel1 thickened fuel strikes the target with force enough to ricochet inside4 ,it clings to skin and clothing while burning4 ,it also has excellent incendiary effects4 ,the initial flame and smoke are less from thickened fuel than from liquid fuel1 but the lower visibility1 greater range1 and much longer burning period of thickened fuel compensate for its smaller screening effect4 ,liquid fuels are easier to pour when filling than are thickened fuels4 #ce4 ,,preparation ,,of ,,thickened ,,fuels4 a4 ,ingredients4 ,thickened fuels consist of ,u4,s4 ,army fuel thickener mixed with fuel4 7#a7 ,thickener4 ,u4,s4 ,army thickener is supplied in airtight cans1 each containing #e-a_/d pounds of the material4 7#b7 ,gasoline and fuel oil4 ,gasoline alone is often used with thickener1 but mixtures of gasoline and light fuel oil may be used satisfactorily4 ,the light fuel oil can be either ,no4 #a fuel oil1 ,no4 #b fuel oil1 automotive diesel oil1 or kerosene4 ,these mixtures give more heat and do not form crusts4 ,except in hot climates1 #ge percent or more of the mixture by weight or volume should be gasoline4 7,if too much light fuel oil is included1 the fuel tends to separate into two layers47 ,in tropical theaters1 a thickened blend of #ej percent gasoline and #ej percent light fuel oil has been reported to give favorable results4 ,storage qualities are not known1 however4 ,another mixture which has been well recommended in field reports is #ae gallons of gasoline to #e gallons of diesel fuel oil4 ,issue gasoline may be used1 but locally procured gasolines which contain alcohol are not suitable4 b4 ,proportion of thickener to fuel4 ,less thickener is recommended than formerly4 ,a low ratio of thickener gives a thickened fuel with many of the characteristics of liquid fuel4 ,one can of thickener to #bj ,u4,s4 gallons of gasoline1 or gasoline and light fuel-oil mixture1 gives good results4 ,this is a #d4b percent by weight mixture4 ,except in hot weather1 a fuel mixture of less than #c percent thickener requires such long stirring that its preparation is impractical4 c4 ,equipment4 ,an open-head #ee-;gallon or #db-;gallon drum and an improvised wooden mixing paddle are used4 ,five-gallon cans may be employed to transfer the ingredients4 ,the paddle should be approximately #e feet long1 #b inches wide1 and #a inch thick4 ,if a standard #ee-;gallon1 open-head drum with an internal diameter of #bg-g_/af inches is used1 the improvised paddle should be marked to indicate gallons as follows3 ,gallons ,inches #dj #bc-a_/b #bj #aa-c_/d ,do not use a metal paddle because of the danger of striking a spark from the drum4 ,never use galvanized containers for mixing and storing thickened fuels4 ,these may cause the fuel to break down and become excessively thin4 ,an improvised funnel may be helpful in filling drums with prepared fuel for aging or transporting4 d4 ,temperatures4 7#a7 ,below #ej degrees4 ,if the temperature is below #ej degrees ,fahrenheit1 it is helpful to prepare thickened fuel indoors1 in a heated room4 ,all precautions should be particularly observed4 7,par #dj7 7#b7 ,above #ij degrees4 ,when the fuel is hotter than #ij degrees ,fahrenheit1 the thickener reacts very rapidly4 ,in this case1 it is easier to prepare batches of #bj gallons each1 but any number of batches may be prepared in succession4 e4 ,moisture4 7#a7 ,effect of moisture4 ,water in thickened fuel breaks down or reduces the viscosity of the gel and thereby reduces the range of the flame thrower4 ,this effect may not be noticeable at once1 but the stability of the fuel is affected4 7#b7 ,dryness of thickener4 ,dry thickener is extremely hygroscopic1 that is1 it absorbs moisture from the atmosphere very rapidly4 ,for this reason1 thickener is shipped in hermetically sealed tin cans containing the exact quantity of powder required for mixing with #bj gallons of fuel to prepare a #d4b percent mixture4 ,it is important that the gasoline or fuel oil and gasoline be measured out before the thickener container is opened4 ,the powder then should be poured immediately into the liquid4 7#c7 ,dryness of containers4 ,it is important that all containers used in mixing and handling the fuel be dry4 7#d7 ,keeping water out of gasoline4 ,gasoline1 especially when it has been stored in vented containers1 frequently includes free water4 ,therefore1 when using gasoline from a bulk-storage tank or an open drum1 first place it in a clean1 dry drum2 allow it to stand quietly for at least an hour2 then carefully pour off the gasoline from the top and discard the last gallon or two4 f4 ,pouring and stirring4 7,fig #be7 ,the liquid fuel is poured into the open drum2 a pail or a paddle 7,par #ce c7 is used for measuring4 ,one man then stirs the fuel vigorously4 ,another takes a can of thickener1 splits it with a machete1 bayonet1 or ax1 and pours it immediately into the fuel4 ,any large lumps of powder are broken by hand before the powder is added to the fuel4 ,when mixing #dj gallons at a time1 the two cans of thickener should be opened and added to the fuel in rapid succession4 ,if the contents of the first can are permitted to gel before adding the second can1 it will be difficult to obtain a uniform mix4 ,continue to stir4 ,illustration3 ,fig #be4 ,measuring fuel ingredient into mixing drum4 ,paddle for measuring and stirring is improvised4 ,illustration3 ,fig #bf4 ,transferring newly mixed thickened fuel from mixing drum to storage or shipping container for aging4 g4 ,examining fuel4 ,lift the paddle quickly4 ,if the mixture drops or runs from the paddle1 additional stirring is necessary4 ,when the paddle comes out clean1 except for an adhering film1 stirring should be stopped1 provided there is no further visible settling of particles of thickener4 h4 ,loading shipping drums4 ,when stirring is completed1 the mix is immediately bucketed 7,fig #bf7 through a funnel into the shipping drum4 ,the second bung hole should be open1 if possible1 to provide a vent to aid in pouring4 ,two men do the bucketing1 each handling one pail so that the funnel may be kept loaded with mix and the shipping drum filled as rapidly as possible4 ,finally1 the open-end drum should be picked up and its contents poured into the funnel4 ,not more than #ej gallons of thickened fuel should be loaded into a #ee-;gallon drum4 ,the funnel should then be removed and replaced by a plug4 ,the vent opening of the drum should also be closed4 7,see ,paragraph #ci for pressure method of filling storage drums47 i4 ,unused thickener4 ,any thickener remaining in opened cans should be discarded4 ,since moisture in the air can quickly ruin its properties1 no attempt should be made to save it4 j4 ,aging and storing4 ,newly mixed fuel has the appearance of tapioca pudding4 7,fig #bg7 ,it should preferably be stored overnight before use4 ,it may1 however1 be fired within #a hour after mixing4 ,to keep fuel in good condition1 drums for shipping and storing must be clean1 moistureproof1 dry1 strong1 and unrusted1 but not galvanized4 ,they must be kept tightly closed and should be laid on their sides so that rain water will not collect around the bungs4 k4 ,testing fuel4 ,before use on missions1 all fuels should be tested by being fired from a flame thrower4 ,this is advisable because the characteristics of the fuel ingredients often vary4 ,illustration3 ,fig #bg4 ,contrasting newly mixed thickened fuel 7right7 with aged fuel 7left74 #cf4 ,,preparation ,,of ,,liquid ,,fuels4 a4 ,choice of ingredients4 ,thin fuels are easy to ignite1 but they lack range and are largely burned in flight before reaching the target4 ,for this reason1 liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion of gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier oils that permits easy ignition4 ,in hot climates1 less gasoline is needed than in cold climates4 ,exactness of proportion1 however1 is not of great importance4 ,suitable blends are as follows3 7#a7 ,equal parts by weight or by volume of gasoline1 light fuel oil1 and heavy 7bunker7 fuel oil4 ,the light fuel oil can be either ,no4 #a fuel oil1 ,no4 #b fuel oil1 automotive diesel oil1 or kerosene4 7#b7 ,one part gasoline to four parts of cleaned crankcase drainings4 7,par #cf;e7 ,unused motor lubricating oil can be employed in place of crankcase drainings1 but usually it will be unavailable for flame-thrower use4 b4 ,preparation of ingredients4 ,before mixing blends1 the following steps should be taken3 7#a7 ,gasoline1 diesel oils1 and fuel oils4 ,these fuel materials should be allowed to stand quietly for at least #cj minutes to permit any small quantity of water present to settle to the bottom4 ,when transferring the fuel to another container1 remove the fuel carefully so that no water is remixed with it4 7#b7 ,crankcase drainings4 ,if possible1 crankcase drainings should be allowed to stand quietly in a container for at least #a day4 ,when pouring1 take care to prevent the transfer of any of the sludge which may have settled in the bottom of the container4 c4 ,equipment4 ,an open-head #ee-;gallon or #db-;gallon drum and an improvised wooden mixing paddle are used4 ,the paddle should be approximately #e feet long1 #b inches wide1 and #a inch thick4 ,a metal paddle should not be provided because of the danger of striking a spark from the drum4 ,five-gallon cans may also be furnished for measuring and transferring ingredients4 ,clean1 unrusted1 steel storage drums should be at hand4 ,they should be at least #af-;gage to have sufficient strength to withstand the internal vapor pressure of the fuel4 d4 ,stirring4 ,all the ingredients should be stirred in the drum with the paddle until they appear to form a uniform mixture4 ,this should require approximately #b minutes4 e4 ,crankcase-draining blends4 ,if crankcase drainings are used as an ingredient 7,par #cf;b71 it is preferable to allow the prepared mixture to settle for #bd hours after stirring1 because the gasoline in the mixture may cause additional sludge to be deposited4 ,even after this settling period1 it is recommended that the mixture be poured through cheesecloth or some similar fabric before the flame thrower is filled4 ,crankcase-draining blends should be allowed to stay in the flame thrower only long enough for completion of a mission1 because additional sludge which may form from standing will clog the weapon4 f4 ,transferring4 ,the mixture should be transferred either directly into the flame-thrower fuel tanks 7,pars #cg through #dj7 or into storage drums4 7,par #ce;h7 g4 ,emergency mixing in fuel tanks4 ,in an emergency1 mixing can be done in the flame-thrower fuel tanks by adding the ingredients in correct proportions and then shaking or stirring4 h4 ,testing fuel4 ,before fuel is used on a mission1 it should be tested1 if possible1 by being fired from a flame thrower4 i4 ,storage4 ,fuels may be used immediately after preparation4 ,if the blend contains crankcase oils1 the fuel should be fired as soon as practicable after filling4 ,other liquid blends may be stored indefinitely until required for use4 ,for storage precautions see ,paragraph #dj4 ,the storage drums also should be kept tightly closed to prevent loss of gasoline through evaporation and to prevent moisture from entering the fuel4 ,if stored in the open1 the drums should be laid on their sides so that rain water will not collect adjacent to the bungs4 ,an unrusted and undamaged #af-;gage or #ah-;gage drum has sufficient strength to withstand the internal vapor pressure of the fuel4 #cg4 ,,filling ,,by ,,pouring4 ,illustration3 ,fig #bh4 ,filling fuel tanks by pouring4 ,any clean container may be used4 ,a funnel may be improvised4 7,fig #bh7 ,this method is the simplest and quickest for liquid fuel1 but it may be too slow for some thickened fuels4 ,the procedure is as follows3 a4 ,stand the tank group on the ground or a platform4 ,if the tank group is not connected to the gun group1 lock coupling plug in tank coupling4 7,par #gj7 b4 ,using a #a-c_/d-;inch wrench1 unscrew the filling plug and the safety-head plug4 c4 ,inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign matter4 ,if not clean1 flush with gasoline4 d4 ,using an improvised funnel1 fill to within #b inches of the top of both plug openings4 ,this allows sufficient void4 ,the tanks will then contain approximately #d gallons of fuel4 e4 ,wipe the fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean1 dry cloth4 7,fig #bi7 ,if plug has a tendency to freeze to seat1 lubricate 7,par #di b7 before screwing in the filling and safety-head plug assemblies4 ,tighten with wrench4 ,illustration3 ,fig #bi4 ,wiping plug seat4 f4 ,wipe any spilled fuel from weapon4 #ch4 ,,filling ,,by ,,force ,,pump4 ,a force pump1 if available1 may be installed with a short length of pipe in the top opening of a drum of fuel for filling flame-thrower fuel tanks4 ,keep working parts of pump clean4 #ci4 ,,filling ,,by ,,blowing4 ,thickened fuel may be readily forced into the fuel tanks of flame throwers by the use of extremely low pressures of compressed air or nitrogen4 ,flame thrower fuel filling kit ,e#f or equivalent may be used4 ,when equipment is available1 filling by blowing is more efficient for filling large numbers of flame throwers with thickened fuel4 ,pouring or pumping are more time-consuming1 depending on the consistency of the gel4 ,the consistency may vary among batches even when the same proportion of thickener is used4 ,the amount of moisture in the fuel seems to cause this variation4 ,the precautions listed in ,paragraph #dj should be observed4 ,illustration3 ,fig #cj4 ,blowing thickened fuel into fuel tanks by use of cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen4 a4 ,source of pressure4 ,when the pressure in cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen has fallen too low to be of further use in filling pressure tanks of flame throwers1 the remaining pressure may be used to blow fuel into fuel tanks if the regulator valve can reduce pressure down to #bj pounds per square inch4 ,for precautions1 see ,paragraph #cc4 ,an air compressor or a hand air pump 7tire pump7 may be used in place of a cylinder if the latter is not available4 ,pressure of no more than #ae to #bj pounds per square inch should be used on the fuel drums4 ,only a diaphragm-type regulator valve can be used safely4 ,this valve must be capable of regulating any pressure that may be applied to it4 b4 ,drums4 ,clean1 noncorroded1 steel1 #ee-;gallon drums should be used4 ,drums of ,united ,states manufacture which meet requirements will be stamped ,,icc-#e or ,,icc-#e;,a1 followed by three numbers in sequence1 for example1 8#ad-ee-dd40 ,the number 8#ad0 indicates the gage of the metal2 8#ee0 indicates the capacity in gallons2 and 8#dd0 indicates the year of manufacture4 ,a steel drum of #ad gage1 or heavier1 is preferable1 but lighter drums 7of #af or #ah gage7 may be used4 ,drums made of gages lighter than #ah gage 7#bj-or #bb-;gage7 must not be used4 ,drums should never be moved while under pressure4 c4 ,connections4 ,the source of pressure 7see a above71 the drum of fuel1 the fuel-filling line1 the air hose1 and other parts1 are connected as shown in ,figure #cj4 ,threaded adapters are used1 as necessary1 to fit lines to the drum4 ,all threaded connections should be made tight by the use of wrenches on the joints4 ,the drum and the pressure cylinder 7if the latter is used7 should be laid on their sides on the ground or a platform4 ,the opening of the drum connected to the fuel-filling hose should be close to the ground or platform4 ,if tank group is filled without gun group1 lock coupling plug 7,par #gj7 in tank coupling4 d4 ,procedure4 ,to fill fuel tanks3 7#a7 ,remove both the filling and safety-head plugs4 7#b7 ,inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign matter4 ,if not clean1 flush with gasoline4 7#c7 ,place end of fuel-filling hose in either one of the two fuel-tank plug holes1 using a nipple as a spout4 7#d7 ,start air compressor or pump1 or open the valve on the cylinder of compressed air or nitrogen4 ,open regulator valve on filling line by turning handle slowly until gage shows #ae to #bj pounds pressure1 but no more4 ,caution3 8,cracking10 or opening a cylinder valve without using the proper regulator valve 7,par #ci a71 may result in explosive pressure in the drums4 7#e7 ,both tanks must be filled to within #b inches of their tops4 ,close valve on fuel-filling hose to halt flow at this level4 7#f7 ,if no additional flame throwers are to be filled1 close pressure-cylinder valve1 or stop compressor or pump4 ,then1 using wrench1 slightly loosen the air line at the drum1 allowing pressure to bleed4 ,when the pressure in the drum has fallen to that of the atmosphere1 close regulator valve4 7#g7 ,roll drum slightly and gently until fuel-filling hose is at top of drum4 7#h7 ,if there are valves on each end of the fuel-filling hose1 use wrench to slightly loosen hose1 allowing gradual escape of pressure4 ,stand away from1 and at the side of1 the connection4 ,keep hose pointed away from other personnel4 ,when all pressure has been released1 complete unscrewing of hose4 7#i7 ,wipe fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean1 dry cloth4 ,then screw in filling plug and safety-head plug assemblies1 applying grease 7,par #di b7 if plug tends to freeze to seat4 ,tighten with wrench4 ,wipe any spilled fuel from weapon4 #dj4 ,,precautions ,,with ,,fuels4 a4 ,flammability4 ,all fuels used in flame throwers obviously are highly flammable and must be handled1 stored1 and used with extreme care4 ,diesel oil1 fuel oil1 and kerosene require the same care as does gasoline4 b4 ,indoor storage4 ,when it becomes necessary to handle gasoline in a room or building1 the windows and doors should be open and care taken that no unprotected flame which might ignite the fumes is in the vicinity4 ,the doors and windows should remain open for a sufficient length of time afterward to allow any vaporized gasoline to escape4 c4 ,flames and sparks4 ,the presence of open flames1 heated stoves1 electrical tools and apparatus1 and other equipment likely to cause sparks must not be permitted4 ,even nails and metal cleats in shoes are a potential hazard in the presence of combustible fumes4 d4 ,smoking4 8,no ,smoking0 signs must be posted in prominent places about the premises and the rule against smoking must be strictly enforced4 e4 ,ventilation and cleaning4 ,the buildings in which fuel is stored or used must be well ventilated and thoroughly cleaned every day4 ,no rubbish or other flammable material should be permitted to remain in or near such buildings4 f4 ,spillage4 ,care should be taken that fuel is not spilled4 ,any spillage should be removed promptly4 g4 ,safety cans4 ,safety cans should be used1 if possible1 for storing small quantities of gasoline1 as they have covers that must be forcibly held open to remove or add gasoline4 h4 ,rags4 ,metal receptacles with metal lids should be provided for discarded1 oily1 or gasoline-soaked rags4 ,these rags must be disposed of daily4 i4 ,electrical apparatus4 ,vaporproof incandescent electric lamps1 switches1 and other appliances of approved type should be used4 ,open switches1 relays1 and similar apparatus1 or motors with commutators1 must not be used where gasoline fumes may be encountered4 j4 ,hose4 ,flexible metal1 rubber1 and rubber-metal hose should be inspected regularly 7at least four times a year7 and discarded when noticeably deteriorated4 k4 ,toxic fumes4 ,gasoline fumes are somewhat toxic and should not be inhaled4 l4 ,leaks4 ,leaks must never be neglected1 and the fact that gasoline is a dangerous liquid must always be kept in mind4 ,inspections for leaks should be made frequently1 particularly at pipe and hose joints4 m4 ,fire extinguishers4 ,carbon tetrachloride1 carbon dioxide1 or foam-type fire extinguishers should be provided and located where they will be accessible in the event of fire4 ,sand1 not water1 should be thrown on burning fuel if suitable extinguishers are not available4 n4 ,leaded gasoline4 ,gasoline often contains a poisonous lead compound4 ,such gasoline1 or fuel containing leaded gasoline1 should not be allowed to touch the body1 especially the lips1 eyes1 open cuts1 and sores4 ,section ,,ix ,,operation ,,under ,,unusual ,,conditions #da4 ,,wet ,,conditions4 ,the ,m#b-b flame thrower may be carried and fired successfully in the rain or even after short immersion in water4 ,after use when wet1 it should be dried to prevent rusting1 cleaned1 and lubricated4 7,pars #di and #ee7 ,areas where paint has worn off should be touched up with fresh paint4 ,the weapon should be stored in a dry place4 ,moisture must not be allowed to enter fuel1 ingredients of fuel1 or containers of ignition cylinders4 #db4 ,,dust ,,and ,,mud4 ,keep all possible dust1 earth1 and mud out of the flame thrower2 particles may interfere with the operation of spring case1 valves1 bearings1 and pressure regulator4 ,store weapons and auxiliary equipment in closed chests and boxes when not in use4 7,par #gg7 ,clean before use4 7,pars #ea and #eb7 #dc4 ,,heat4 ,a hot climate or exposure to the sun makes the fuel thinner when in containers4 ,thin fuel has shorter range2 it is largely consumed in the air before it reaches usual effective ranges4 ,where the climate is torrid1 less gasoline or other thinning agents should be used in a fuel blend than normally4 7,pars #cd through #cf7 #dd4 ,,cold4 ,cold weather reduces total heat produced at target but seldom enough to seriously lower value of a firing mission4 ,incendiary effects may be decreased because materiel is less flammable when cold4 ,the weapon may be used at temperatures as low as minus #bj degrees ,fahrenheit4 ,to improve ignition1 use more gasoline in fuel than normally4 7,pars #cd through #cf7 #de4 ,,wind4 ,flame throwers should not be fired into strong head winds or across strong side winds4 7,par #bc7 ,section ,x ,,demolition ,,to ,,prevent ,,enemy ,,use #df4 ,,destruction ,,procedure4 ,if circumstances should force abandonment of chemical warfare materiel in the field1 it is destroyed or rendered useless to prevent its use or study by the enemy4 ,the following methods are recommended3 a4 ,flame thrower4 ,one or more small-arms bullets through the fuel tanks will prevent any immediate use of the flame thrower4 ,additional rounds may be put through the pressure tank4 ,if the pressure tank is charged1 the pressure-tank valve should be opened for a few seconds1 thus permitting the contents to dissipate4 ,this is necessary if rounds are to be fired point-blank4 ,the gun may be rendered useless by bending it over a hard object4 ,a sledge or ax will demolish valves and tubes4 ,a fragmentation grenade will also achieve demolition4 b4 ,filling and charging apparatus4 ,the flexible tubing1 gages1 and valves may be destroyed by blows with an ax1 sledge1 or other heavy instrument4 ,the large pressure cylinders are rendered useless by releasing the contents and then destroying the valves by blows with an ax or sledge4 ,cylinders can be stacked like cordwood in groups of five and demolished by the detonation of four #a_/b-pound blocks 7#b pounds7 of ,,tnt in their midst4 ,the air compressor may be destroyed by a similar procedure4 c4 ,fuel4 ,burn4 d4 ,mixing apparatus4 ,containers and filling lines may be rendered useless by ax or sledge blows1 or by small-arms fire4 e4 ,thickener4 ,cans of thickener should be broken open4 ,contents should be thrown into a fire or into a body of water4 f4 ,ignition cylinders4 ,burn to destroy4 ,personnel should stay several yards from the fire because the cylinders ignite with a slight detonation4 ,,part ,,three ,,maintenance ,,instructions ,section ,,xi ,,general #dg4 ,,scope4 ,part ,three contains information for the guidance of the personnel of the using organizations responsible for the maintenance 7#ast and #bnd echelon7 of this equipment4 ,it contains information needed for the performance of the scheduled lubrication and preventive maintenance services as well as descriptions of the major systems and units and their functions in relation to other components of the equipment4 ,section ,,xii ,,special ,,organizational ,,tools ,,and ,,equipment #dh4 ,,service ,,kit4 ,one service kit for portable flame thrower ,m#b-b will be furnished for each six ,m#b-b portable flame throwers4 ,the kit includes tools1 equipment1 and spare parts for second echelon maintenance and for pressure-tank charging4 ,adjustable wrenches may be included in place of the plain-end wrenches listed4 ,numbers listed with items are ,chemical ,warfare ,service stock numbers4 ,approximate contents are as follows3 a4 ,tools4 #a ,screwdriver1 cabinet1 #d-a_/b-;inch blade length1 #c_/af-;inch blade diameter1 ,h#bb-ej-ac4 7,fig #h7 #a ,screw driver1 common1 #f-;inch blade length1 #e_/af-;inch blade diameter1 ,h#bb-ej-f4 7,fig #h7 #b ,wrenches1 hex1 #c_/af inch across flats 7for #c_/h-;inch socket-head set screws71 ,h#bb-di-ia4 #b ,wrenches1 hex1 #a_/h inch across flats 7for #a_/d-;inch socket-head set screws71 ,h#bb-di-ab4 7,fig #h7 #a ,wrench1 valve-adjusting1 assembly ,a#ha-f-dh4 7,fig #h7 #a ,wrench1 heavy 8,s01 #a-c_/h-;inch and #a-a_/b-;inch openings1 #ab inches approx length1 ,h#bb-di-aac4 7,fig #h7 #a ,wrench1 engineers'1 double head1 #c_/d-;inch and #g_/h-;inch openings1 #i inches approx length1 ,h#bb-di-aae4 7,fig #h7 #a ,wrench1 heavy 8,s01 #a-c_/h-;inch and #a-c_/d-;inch openings1 #ab inches approx length1 ,a#ha-f-di4 7,fig #h7 #a ,wrench1 engineers'1 single head1 #a-a_/h-;inch opening1 #aj-a_/b inches approx length1 ,h#bb-di-ca4 7,fig #h7 #a ,wrench1 adjustable1 single end1 #f inches approx length 7crescent-type71 ,h#bb-di-fg4 7,fig #h7 b4 ,accessories and spare parts4 #a ,line1 filling1 pressure cylinder1 assembly ,c#ha-c-d4 7,fig #bc7 #a ,hose1 flexible1 assembly ,e#ha-c-f4 7,fig #bd7 #b ,lines1 charging1 pressure cylinder1 assembly ,b#ha-c-bi4 7,fig #bc7 #a ,tank and valve1 pressure1 assembly 7less shaft and handle7 ,b#ha-a-cgd4 7,fig #cc7 #a ,shaft1 flexible1 valve1 assembly ,e#ha-a-dgj4 7,fig #cc7 #a ,handle1 valve1 ,a#ha-a-dgc4 7,fig #cc7 #a ,nut1 machine-screw1 hex1 #e_/af-;inch1 #bd,,nf-#b1 ,h#bb-ic-ee4 7,fig #cc7 #b ,case1 spring1 assemblies ,b#ha-a-ddd4 7,fig #i7 #b ,diaphragm1 valve1 assemblies ,a#ha-a-daf4 7,fig #i7 #a ,hose1 fuel1 flame thrower1 ,m#a1 assembly ,b#ha-a-dih4 7,fig #dh7 #b ,plugs1 coupling1 ,e#ha-a-ead4 7,fig #g7 #f ,heads1 safety1 ,r#ha-a-efa4 7,fig #ci7 #a ,gage1 fuel tank testing1 assembly ,e#ha-f-eg4 7,this assembly includes a plug drilled1 tapped1 and fitted with a #j-ejj-pound pressure gage47 #c ,washers1 coupling1 ,a#ha-a-eac4 7,fig #i7 #b ,cord1 cotton1 seine1 ,no4 #d hard braided1 mildewproof1 ,o4,d41 7#a_/h-;inch diameter by #be-;feet skeins71 ,h#ajj-d-e4 #f ,bushings1 pipe1 head1 #c_/d inch by #a_/b inch1 7galvanized iron71 ,h#ih-e-ic4 7,fig #i7 #a ,regulator1 pressure1 assembly ,b#ha-a-dch4 7,figs #cc and #cg7 #a ,compound1 anti-seize1 white lead base1 7for threaded fittings7 #a_/d-pound can1 ,h#ii-c-ab4 #b ,gages1 pressure cylinder testing1 assembly ,b#ha-f-ij4 7,fig #cb7 #a ,catalog ,,cw#g-ddjaad1 ,army ,service ,forces1 8,portable ,flame ,thrower ,m#b-b40 #a ,technical ,manual #c-cgf;,a1 8,portable ,flame ,thrower ,m#b-b40 ,illustration3 ,fig #ca4 ,lubrication order4 ,to requisition a replacement ,lubrication ,order address ,office of the ,chief1 ,chemical ,warfare ,service1 ,washington #be1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,not ,,to ,,be ,,reproduced in whole or in part without permission of the ,office of the ,chief1 ,chemical ,warfare ,service4 ,,no4 #djja ----------- ,,key ----------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,lubricants ,,intervals ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,cg-,,grease1 #a-;,,after ,,each ,,mission ,,general ,,purpose #f-;,,after ,,six ,,missions ,,no4 #a 7,,above #cb;,f7 ,,or ,,more ,,often ,,no4 ,o 7,,below #cb;,f7 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,this ,,order ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,fastened ,,to ,,inside ,,lid ,,of ,,flame ,,thrower ,,packing ,,chest4 ,copy of this ,lubrication ,order will remain with the equipment at all times2 instructions contained therein are mandatory and supersede all conflicting lubrication ,instructions dated prior to #e ,,may #aidd ,by order of the ,secretary of ,war3 ,g4 ,c4 ,marshall1 ,chief of ,staff4 ,official3 ,j4 ,a4 ,ulio1 ,major ,general1 ,the ,adjutant ,general4 ,section ,,xiii ,,lubrication #di4 ,,lubrication4 a4 ,gun group4 ,war ,department ,lubrication ,order ,no4 #djja 7,fig #ca7 shows the parts which require lubrication1 the lubricants1 and the intervals4 7#a7 ,lubricants4 ,grease1 general purpose1 ,no4 #a is used1 except for temperatures below freezing1 when grease1 general purpose4 ,no4 #j is used4 ,the bearing surfaces should be lightly coated with the grease4 7#b7 ,frequency of lubrication4 ,the surfaces of the ignition-head body which touch the spring case should be lubricated after each use of the weapon4 ,other parts are lubricated after six firing missions1 six training sessions1 or oftener4 ,all should be thoroughly cleaned 7,pars #eb1 #ee1 and #ef7 with gasoline1 dry cleaning solvent1 or other solvent1 then dried before lubrication4 ,if the gun is disassembled for any other reason1 it should be lubricated before reassembly4 7#c7 ,records4 ,to ascertain when six missions have been fired1 a record of firing 7,par #b7 should be kept with each flame thrower4 b4 ,tank group4 ,the tank group ordinarily requires no lubrication4 ,however1 it may under the following exceptional circumstances3 7#a7 ,if the tank group has been immersed in water for several hours1 the flexible shaft of the pressure valve may have lost its lubricant4 ,if so1 remove the shaft 7,par #ff b7 and inspect4 ,if lubricant is not present1 as indicated by difficulty of movement after removal1 dip the shaft in solvent to clean and then dip in warmed grease1 general purpose1 ,no4 #a4 ,replace shaft in valve4 7#b7 ,if filling or safety-head plugs 7,figs #ci and #dj7 tend to stick to fuel tanks1 apply grease1 general purpose1 ,no4 #a 7,no4 #j if below freezing temperatures7 before replacing plugs4 ,section ,,xiv ,,preventive ,,maintenance ,,services #ej4 ,,general ,preventive maintenance services1 as prescribed by ,army ,regulations1 are a function of using organization echelons of maintenance4 ,these services consist of3 a4 ,before1 during1 and after operation services performed by the firers and assistants4 b4 ,scheduled services performed by organizational maintenance personnel 7service when filling and charging1 and service after six firing missions74 #ea4 ,,before-,,operation ,,service ,,of ,,tank ,,group4 ,the following services are to be performed before filling1 charging1 and loading the flame thrower with pressure1 fuel1 and ignition cylinder3 a4 ,pressure-tank valve4 ,open and close pressure-tank valve to test for ease of operation4 b4 ,threaded connections4 ,check all threaded connections for tightness1 using appropriate wrenches4 c4 ,tank coupling4 ,examine coupling for cleanliness and ease of movement of lock and cams4 7,par #gj7 ,clean if necessary4 ,if washer is broken1 replace1 using screw driver to pry out4 d4 ,plugs4 ,check filling plug and safety-head plug for completeness of parts 7,par #fi a7 and cleanliness of threads and seats4 ,clean1 if necessary1 with cloth4 ,if rod or rod and chain have broken off and fallen in tank1 turn tank upside down and remove4 ,remove deflector tube from head 7using hand1 not wrench74 ,inspect to see if diaphragm is intact4 ,if diaphragm is ruptured1 replace the safety head with an unbroken head4 7,par #fi b1 c7 ,reassemble plug1 head1 and deflector tube in left fuel tank4 7,fig #aa7 ,tube should face to rear and at a #de-;degree angle to operator's left shoulder4 7,fig #ah7 ,screw in deflector tube by hand2 do not use wrench on deflector tube4 ,tighten lock nut with wrench4 e4 ,pressure-tank clamp4 ,the clamp should hold the pressure tank tightly in place4 ,if tank is loose1 a wooden splint or wedge under the clamp may be used as a temporary expedient4 f4 ,carrier-frame bolts4 ,check tightness4 ,use wrench4 g4 ,carrier4 7,par #ga7 ,examine all canvas1 webbing1 and cord for signs of mildew1 rot1 or wear4 ,replace defective parts4 ,move flame thrower to dryer storage if mildew occurs4 h4 ,cord 7lashing74 ,check for tightness4 ,if necessary1 make tighter and use secure1 slip-proof knots4 ,when the tank group is filled with fuel and adjusted on the firer1 its weight should be carried chiefly by the canvas and webbing1 not by the metal frame4 i4 ,shoulder and body straps4 ,adjust straps to fit firer4 7,pars #ai and #ga7 ,a loose tank group can cause discomfort or injury when the wearer changes positions while on a mission4 ,check presence and condition of the two pins and two cotter pins which hold shoulder straps to steel support4 ,check fasteners4 #eb4 ,,before-,,operation ,,service ,,of ,,gun ,,group4 ,the following services are to be performed before filling1 charging1 and loading with pressure1 fuel1 and ignition cylinder3 a4 ,hose nipple1 tank end4 ,examine to be sure nipple is clean and not badly nicked4 ,if badly nicked1 the nipple may not make a tight seal at the tank coupling4 ,a leak and loss of pressure may result4 ,see ,paragraph #gc d for repair of the nipple4 b4 ,fuel hose4 ,examine surface of hose for cracks or other signs of deterioration4 ,special attention should be paid to portions adjacent to the gun and tank coupling1 which are subjected to severe flexing4 ,if hose is defective1 replace4 7,par #gc b1 c7 ,do not patch4 c4 ,hose nipple1 gun end4 ,check tightness of threaded connection between hose and fuel-valve body1 using hand or very light wrench pressure4 d4 ,shield4 ,remove ignition shield4 ,check cleanliness of threads on shield and on ignition-head body4 ,if not clean1 use cloth4 ,when reassembling 7,par #ah c71 shield should turn freely until it locks in correct position4 e4 ,valve lever and needle4 7#a7 ,there should be some play in the valve lever4 ,to test1 remove ignition shield4 ,compress grip safety and valve lever slowly1 observing the motion of the valve needle4 ,the valve lever should move approximately #a_/af inch before the needle begins to move4 7#b7 ,valve needle should be seated firmly in the barrel nozzle4 ,after the valve lever is pulled back and released1 no play should occur in the needle4 ,for adjustment of needle1 see ,paragraph #ge d4 f4 ,screws4 ,use screw driver to test tightness of all screws4 g4 ,spring retainer and plug4 ,check tightness of spring retainer and plug 7,fig #dg7 by using hand or very light wrench pressure4 h4 ,ignition head4 ,all exposed surfaces of the shield1 nozzle1 needle1 and other parts of the ignition head1 or adjacent to it1 should be clean4 ,if not1 use cloth4 i4 ,atomizer hole4 ,with the fuel valve held fully open1 insert a fine wire in the atomizer hole of the nozzle to clean the hole4 ,then use cloth-wrapped splint to remove from the inside of the nozzle any foreign matter pushed through the atomizer hole4 ,if such matter is not removed1 it may interfere with the closing of the fuel valve needle at the nozzle4 ,repeat procedure in e 7#b7 above4 j4 ,spring case4 ,spring case should turn freely on ignition head4 ,if it does not1 clean any grease or dirt from1 surfaces with cloth and relubricate4 7,par #di7 k4 ,trigger4 ,pull trigger once or twice to find whether it operates easily and whether it returns to position4 ,if not1 clean and lubricate trigger4 7,par #di7 ,check condition of trigger spring4 l4 ,trigger rod4 ,check position of the trigger rod when trigger is pulled back all the way as when firing4 ,the rod should extend approximately #a_/af inch beyond the end of the lug in the ignition head4 ,if it does not1 bend the rod slightly1 reverse position of bearing1 or replace worn parts4 #ec4 ,,service ,,when ,,filling ,,and ,,charging4 a4 ,inspection of fuel tanks4 ,just before filling and charging1 remove plugs 7,par #fi b7 and examine interior of fuel tanks to see whether they are clean and free from foreign matter4 ,if not clean1 flush with gasoline until clean4 b4 ,fuel level4 ,when filling 7,pars #cg through #dj71 see that fuel reaches the same level in both tanks4 ,if leveling does not occur1 the tank connector may be clogged with foreign matter4 ,if so1 clean1 as in a1 above4 ,after filling1 wipe plug seats with a cloth before replacing plugs4 ,wipe any spilled fuel from weapon4 c4 ,pressure-tank valve4 ,before charging the tank group with air or nitrogen1 open and close the pressure-tank valve several times by hand to be sure it operates freely4 ,if it does not1 adjust as described in ,paragraph #ff d4 ,illustration3 ,fig #cb4 ,testing pressure tank and valve1 using #j-c1jjj-pound testing gage from service kit4 d4 ,testing for leaks in pressure system4 ,after charging1 and as few hours as possible before a mission1 use an #j-c1jjj-pound gage furnished in service kit to test pressure4 7,fig #cb7 ,to install gage1 unscrew check-valve cap and screw gage in check-valve body4 ,if pressure has fallen below that to which the tank was charged 7,par #cb71 a leak is indicated4 ,remove gage1 replace check-valve cap1 and check for leaks at joints between pressure tank and valve and between tank valve and check valve4 7,a wrench should be used to tighten cap on check-valve body so as to avoid producing an additional leak47 ,large leaks can be felt or heard4 ,small leaks can be detected by coating joints with soap-and-water solution4 ,bubbles indicate leaks4 ,if a leak is revealed between pressure tank and pressure-tank valve1 or between check valve and pressure-tank valve1 replace all three as a unit4 ,if tests do not show up the leak the tank may have been improperly charged4 ,it should be recharged and then retested4 #ed4 ,,service ,,when ,,firing4 a4 ,failure to ignite4 ,pull trigger repeatedly4 ,if ignition cylinder still fails to ignite1 dirt may be wedged in ignition head4 ,unscrew shield one-half turn4 ,screw it back1 rapping shield with the hand while turning4 ,this should dislodge foreign matter4 ,pull trigger again4 ,repeat procedure1 if necessary4 b4 ,safety head 8blows0 7breaks74 ,if safety head breaks1 firing mission cannot be carried out4 ,on return1 have head replaced4 7,par #fi7 ,follow test procedure4 7,par #ef b7 #ee4 ,,service ,,after ,,firing4 a4 ,unloading4 ,remove ignition cylinder 7,par #cj71 close pressure-tank valve1 and blow out remaining fuel and pressure4 7,par #cj7 b4 ,removal of equipment4 ,release the body straps1 then the shoulder straps4 ,if prone1 lie on side and allow tank group to roll off onto ground4 ,if standing or kneeling1 take care that tank group does not drop on feet or legs4 c4 ,correcting or reporting4 ,correct any failures or difficulties or report them as soon as possible to service or maintenance personnel4 d4 ,gun4 ,remove shield 7,par #ah7 and clean interior of shield with cloth4 ,clean holes in shield with wire or wooden splint4 ,clean external surfaces of barrel1 nozzle1 needle1 and other parts4 ,check cleanliness and adjustment of needle4 7,par #ge d7 ,check trigger for operation4 ,lubricate4 7,par #di7 e4 ,fuel tanks and passages4 ,remove plugs 7,par #fi b74 ,drain any remaining fuel4 ,use gasoline to remove residues of thickened fuels before they have a chance to harden and obstruct passages4 ,if necessary1 fill tanks with gasoline and allow to stand for several hours1 shaking occasionally4 ,drain and repeat if necessary4 f4 ,safety head4 ,check head to see if it is ruptured2 if it is1 replace4 7,par #fi7 ,follow test procedure4 7,par #ef b7 g4 ,pressure-tank valve4 ,if weapon is to be stored1 open pressure-tank valve and leave it open until next charging4 h4 ,carrier4 ,scrub1 if necessary1 with soap and water1 or gasoline4 i4 ,exterior metal surfaces4 ,scrub exterior metal surfaces clean of fuel to prevent fire hazard4 ,allow to dry before using again4 j4 ,general inspection4 ,carefully examine all other parts1 adjust as necessary1 and replace any which are damaged4 #ef4 ,,service ,,after ,,six ,,firing ,,missions4 ,after the flame thrower has been used on six firing missions or the equivalent in training work1 experienced personnel should follow these directions3 a4 ,before-operation and after-operation service4 ,follow the same procedures as in ,paragraphs #eb1 #ec1 and #ee4 b4 ,test firing 7or simulated firing74 7#a7 ,if tactical conditions permit test firing at a suitable test range 7,par #ae71 fill the fuel tanks with fuel4 7,pars #cg through #dj7 7#b7 ,if test firing with fuel is impracticable1 fill fuel tanks with clean water4 7,be sure to dry all parts after test47 7#c7 ,remove filling-plug assembly4 7,par #fi7 ,fish out the retainer rod and chain by means of a bent wire4 7#d7 ,do not unscrew the safety-head plug4 7#e7 ,insert the testing plug with #j-to #ejj-pound pressure gage 7plug and gage are from service kit7 in the filling-plug opening4 ,tighten testing plug in seat with wrench4 7#f7 ,fully charge pressure tank4 7,par #cb7 7#g7 ,if test firing with fuel1 load ignition cylinder4 7,par #ah7 7#h7 ,open pressure-tank valve and simultaneously observe pressure in fuel tanks by reading gage4 ,the gage indicates the pressure in both tanks4 ,it should be between #cej and #cij pounds per square inch4 7#i7 ,read the gage at the expiration of not less than #e minutes4 ,the tanks should have a pressure reading of not more than #cij pounds4 ,if the pressure continues to increase beyond #cij pounds and the safety head blows1 replace the safety head and the pressure regulator4 7#aj7 ,fire by operating controls 7or simulate firing if tanks are filled with water74 ,the burst should last #c seconds1 during which time the pressure should not drop below #bfj pounds4 7#aa7 ,if the pressure does not conform to the requirements stated in 7#h71 7#i71 and 7#aj71 adjust the pressure regulator upward or downward4 7,par #fg d7 7#ab7 ,while the above test firing is proceeding1 check for leaks at all joints and connections on the tank group4 ,the pressure system should be checked by painting the joints with soap-and-water solution and by looking for bubbles which indicate leaks4 ,for replacement of parts where pressure leaks1 see ,paragraph #ff4 ,fuel leaks may be seen without soap and water4 ,for repair of fuel leaks1 see ,paragraph #ge e4 ,the nozzle should be observed by removing the ignition shield4 ,nozzle leaks are corrected by cleaning1 adjusting needle 7,par #ge d71 or by regrinding4 7,par #ge e7 ,if this is not successful1 replace both needle and barrel as a unit4 c4 ,fuel valve4 ,discharge all pressure from the gun by operating the fuel valve4 ,carefully remove the valve grip and grip support4 7,par #gd7 ,look for signs of leakage at the valve diaphragm4 ,if a leak is present1 replace valve-diaphragm assembly4 7,pars #ge b and #ge c7 d4 ,valve grip4 ,disassemble the valve grip 7,par #gd7 and lubricate4 7,par #di7 e4 ,carrier4 ,tighten the carrier cord4 f4 ,gun interior4 ,if thickened fuel has been fired1 disassemble the gun4 ,all parts should be cleaned of accumulations of dried fuel4 ,lubricate 7,par #di7 and reassemble4 ,if liquid fuel has been fired1 flush gun with clean gasoline4 ,disassemble only enough to lubricate4 ,reassemble4 ,section ,,xv ,,trouble ,,shooting #eg4 ,,precautions4 ,first1 remove the ignition cylinder4 ,then1 before disassembling1 servicing1 or repairing parts which may be under pressure1 be sure to release the pressure4 ,remove fuel1 when necessary4 #eh4 ,,fuel ,,leaks4 ,trouble ,remedy a4 ,defective or damaged ,if leak is observed in valve grip1 valve-diaphragm assembly4 disassemble4 7,par #gd7 ,if diaphragm is torn1 or damaged in any other way1 remove and replace4 7,par #ge7 b4 ,defective threaded ,disconnect1 using wrenches4 ,if connections on fuel lines4 thread is stripped or badly damaged1 replace the threaded part4 ,if threads appear to be sound1 clean them and reconnect4 ,if leak is between tank coupling and tank connector or between hose and fuel-valve body1 apply anti-seize compound before rescrewing4 ,tighten joint with wrenches4 c4 ,dirt or foreign matter ,clean parts carefully with cloth before on seats or threads4 reassembling4 d4 ,leak at nozzle4 ,adjust needle4 7,par #ge d7 ,if leak persists1 either replace needle and barrel as a unit or use lapping compound on parts4 ,turn needle in seat until parts make a tight connection when seated4 ,remove lapping compound and reassemble4 e4 ,worn body of hose4 ,replace fuel-hose assembly4 7,par #gc7 f4 ,leak at tank coupling4 ,remove and replace coupling washer if damaged4 7,par #gj7 ,if hose nipple1 tank end1 is damaged1 repair nipple 7,par #gc d7 or replace fuel-hose assembly4 #ei4 ,,safety ,,head 8,,blows0 7,,breaks74 ,trouble ,remedy a4 ,defective safety head4 ,replace with new safety head4 7,par #fi b7 b4 ,defective pressure ,if replacement safety head also regulator4 breaks1 follow test procedure in ,paragraph #ef b to determine whether pressure regulator needs adjustment or is defective4 #fj4 ,,carrier ,,uncomfortable4 ,trouble ,remedy a4 ,cord becomes loose ,use only hard-braided seine cord or breaks4 furnished in service kit for replacements4 ,lace tightly as shown in ,figure #df1 using slip-proof knots at ends4 b4 ,straps not adjusted to ,adjust straps to fit each new wearer4 fit wearer4 ,tank group must be high on back and snug on body4 7,pars #ai and #ga7 c4 ,carrier frame ,cord is too loose4 ,tighten cord4 presses on wearer's back4 ,use slip-proof knots at ends4 #fa4 ,,short ,,range4 ,trouble ,remedy a4 ,stream of burning fuel ,fuel valve is not fully open because issues at an angle or in a of3 very broad spray4 7#a7 ,faulty operation4 ,be sure to compress controls all the way when firing4 7,par #bf7 7#b7 ,improper adjustment or assembly of valve4 ,to correct1 see ,paragraphs #gd and #ge4 b4 ,rapid drop of range ,pressure-tank valve is not fully during a burst4 open4 ,open all the way4 ,if this is not effective1 test pressure regulator4 7,par #fg d7 c4 ,shorter range in each ,pressure tank is not fully charged4 successive burst4 7#a7 ,before firing be sure tank is charged to at least #a1gjj pounds per square inch4 7,par #cb7 7#b7 ,check for leaks to make sure pressure has not decreased since charging4 7,par #ec d7 d4 ,short range with ,dried fuel or other foreign matter longer time of discharge is in fuel lines4 ,disassemble and than #h to #i seconds4 clean4 #fb4 ,,fuel-,,valve ,,failure4 ,trouble ,remedy ,valve fails to close when 7#a7 ,work the grip safety to trip controls are released4 the valve lever4 7#b7 ,foreign matter may be in barrel1 or barrel may be dented4 ,if dented1 replace barrel and needle as a unit4 ,if not dented1 disassemble and clean4 7,pars #gd and #ge7 #fc4 ,,failure ,,of ,,ignition ,,cylinder ,,to ,,ignite4 ,trouble ,remedy a4 ,match in cylinder ,pull trigger repeatedly4 ,if cylinder moves but incendiary does not ignite1 remove cylinder charge does not ignite4 7,par #cj7 and examine4 7#a7 ,if matches have been pushed flush with inner surface of cylinder body1 the cylinder is defective4 ,destroy4 7,par #cj7 ,replace4 7#b7 ,if matches project #a_/af inch or more from cylinder1 ignition head is defective4 ,disassemble ignition head 7,par #gf b7 and examine4 ,replace parts as necessary4 7,par #gf c7 b4 ,cylinder does not 7#a7 ,spring case is not free to rotate rotate to bring new charge because of dirt4 ,clean and lubricate4 into position4 7,par #di7 7#b7 ,cylinder is improperly loaded4 7,par #ah7 7#c7 ,ignition cylinder binds on barrel because of dirt or excessive warping of ignition cylinders from heat of firing4 ,remove and destroy 7,par #cj7 ignition cylinder4 ,reload4 7#d7 ,spring case is defective4 ,replace as a unit4 7,par #gf b1 c7 c4 ,trigger does not 7#a7 ,when on a mission1 use fingers return to normal position on trigger to pull back to normal 7with ignition cylinder in position4 place74 7#b7 ,if time permits1 remove trigger rod4 7,par #gf b7 ,clean rod and hole in which rod slides4 ,lubricate4 7,par #di7 ,reassemble4 7,par #gf c7 d4 ,lack of spring tension ,trigger spring is off hook of trigger1 at trigger4 off spring screw1 or broken4 ,replace where necessary4 #fd4 ,,failure ,,of ,,fuel ,,to ,,ignite4 ,trouble ,remedy a4 ,atomizer hole clogged4 ,clean with fine wire4 7,par #eb i7 b4 ,fuel troubles at low 7#a7 ,at temperatures below minus temperature4 #bj degrees ,fahrenheit1 ignition of any standard fuel is uncertain4 ,operation at these temperatures should be avoided unless tests of fuels by firing with flame throwers are first made4 7#b7 ,at temperatures above minus #bj degrees ,fahrenheit1 no difficulty should be experienced with thickened gasoline4 ,when blended fuels are used1 the ratio of gasoline content should be increased as temperature decreases4 c4 ,failure of ignition ,see ,paragraph #fc4 cylinder4 ,section ,,xvi ,,tank ,,group #fe4 ,,general4 ,the tank group stores fuel and pressure4 ,the fuel is placed under pressure when the pressure-tank valve is opened4 ,the tank group is supported upon the firer's back and shoulders by the carrier4 #ff4 ,,pressure ,,tank ,,and ,,valve ,,assembly4 a4 ,description and functioning4 ,the pressure tank and valve assembly 7,fig #cc7 includes3 7#a7 ,pressure tank4 ,the pressure tank is a lightweight1 airplane-type cylinder1 able to withstand the great pressure which it contains4 ,the tank is charged with air or nitrogen at #a1gjj to #b1ajj pounds per square inch pressure by use of auxiliary equipment as described in ,paragraphs #ca and #cb4 ,this pressure stays in the pressure tank until the weapon is ready to be fired4 ,opening of the pressure-tank valve releases air or nitrogen through the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks4 ,oxygen or combustible gases are never used in the tank because a violent explosion may result4 ,the tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure1 and hence full range1 for the entire load of fuel4 ,the pressure-tank clamp 7,fig #ci71 a steel-strap device with hinge and toggle-type latch1 holds the pressure tank in place on the fuel tanks4 7#b7 ,pressure-tank valve4 7,figs #cc and #cd7 ,this valve is screwed into the bottom of the pressure tank4 ,the valve stem slides into the valve end of the valve flexible shaft4 ,when opened by means of the valve handle and valve flexible shaft1 the valve permits passage of compressed air or nitrogen through tubes and the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks4 ,the valve is of the quick-opening1 packless1 diaphragm type4 7#c7 ,pressure-valve handle and valve flexible shaft4 7,figs #cc and #cd7 ,the pressure-valve handle is held by a small nut on the end of the valve flexible shaft1 which in turn is connected to the pressure-tank valve by means of the valve stem and a large hex nut4 ,the handle and shaft extend to the right of the tank group1 enabling the firer to open and close the valve without assistance when carrying the weapon4 ,the handle slips over the end of the shaft and is held to it by a nut4 ,the shaft is held to one of the fuel tanks by a clamp1 nut1 and bolt welded to the tank4 7#d7 ,check valve4 7,figs #cc through #ce7 ,the check valve has the same function as the valve on a vehicular tire tube1 but it is much heavier in construction and different in design because the pressure in the flame thrower is #ej times greater than that in an automobile tire tube4 ,connected by threads to the pressure valve1 the check valve permits compressed air or nitrogen to enter the pressure tank during charging 7,pars #ca and #cb7 but prevents its escape when the outside source of pressure is removed4 ,the cap is removed from the check valve only for charging or testing4 b4 ,removal4 7,fig #cc7 ,to prevent damage to threads1 leaks1 and loss of pressure and range1 remove pressure tank and valve assembly only when necessary4 ,illustration3 ,fig #cc4 ,pressure system disassembled1 showing nomenclature and ,chemical ,warfare ,service stock numbers for requisitioning spare parts4 7#a7 ,release of pressure4 ,be sure all pressure has been released from the pressure system before disassembling or removing any part or assembly of the pressure system4 ,to release pressure1 operate fuel valve 7,par #bf7 and hold open until pressure is exhausted4 ,as an added precaution1 personnel should avoid facing the connections when disconnecting parts or assemblies4 7#b7 ,removal procedure4 ,after release of all pressure3 7a7 ,loosen the clamp from the valve flexible shaft4 7b7 ,using wrench1 unscrew the large hex nut which holds the flexible shaft on the pressure-tank valve4 7c7 ,pull the valve flexible shaft and handle free of the valve4 7d7 ,using wrench1 unscrew the flared tube nut on the regulator tube adjacent to the pressure-tank valve4 7e7 ,open pressure-tank clamp 7,fig #ci7 and swing clamp strap outward4 7f7 ,remove the pressure tank together with the pressure-tank valve and check valve4 7g7 ,to remove valve handle1 use the adjustable-end wrench to loosen and remove nut from threaded outer end of valve flexible shaft4 ,slide out the valve handle4 ,illustration3 ,fig #cd4 ,lower portion of pressure system1 assembled4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ce4 ,check valve 7cross section74 c4 ,installation4 7,figs #cc and #ci7 ,to install3 7#a7 ,insert pressure tank 7with pressure-tank valve and check valve mounted on the tank7 through the pressure-tank clamp4 ,be sure to aline the regulator tube1 elbow1 and pressure-tank valve threads carefully so that they cannot be damaged when connecting4 7#b7 ,close the pressure-tank clamp4 7#c7 ,start the threaded connections by hand to be sure they are well alined4 ,do not force4 ,use wrench for final tightening1 but do not apply great torque to the wrench4 7#d7 ,insert the valve flexible shaft through small clamp into the pressure-tank valve4 ,using wrench1 tighten the large hex nut located between shaft and valve4 7#e7 ,tighten the clamp on the valve flexible shaft4 7#f7 ,place pressure-valve handle on threaded end of the shaft4 ,place nut on threaded end and tighten with adjustable-end wrench4 d4 ,adjustment4 ,if valve handle cannot be turned by hand3 7#a7 ,remove flexible shaft and handle4 ,never apply a wrench to these parts4 7#b7 ,turn end of pressure-valve stem with wrench to open valve4 7#c7 ,if stem will not turn1 replace the tank and valve4 7#d7 ,if stem turns1 work it back and forth with wrench4 7#e7 ,reconnect flexible shaft and handle4 7#f7 ,if handle does not turn easily1 repeat the process until handle turns1 or replace tank and valve4 7#g7 ,close valve before charging tank4 e4 ,maintenance4 7#a7 ,if either pressure tank1 pressure-tank valve1 or check valve are damaged or defective1 all three must be replaced as a unit4 ,no attempt may be made to repair any of these parts or their connections4 ,if makeshift repairs or improvised parts are devised1 serious accidents can result because of the extremely high pressures to which the equipment is subjected4 7#b7 ,keep all threaded connections tightened4 ,if a leak is suspected at any threaded connection1 follow procedure in ,paragraph #ec d4 #fg4 ,,pressure ,,regulator4 a4 ,description and functioning4 ,the regulator automatically reduces the variable pressure of air or nitrogen in the pressure tank to a constant operating pressure of approximately #cej pounds per square inch in the fuel tanks4 ,the regulator is located at a protected position in the tank group of the ,m#b-b portable flame thrower1 where it is not readily subject to tampering or damage from the outside4 ,the regulator tube with fittings connects the pressure-tank valve and pressure regulator4 7,fig #cc7 ,its outlet is connected to the fuel tanks by the diffusion-pipe assembly4 7,par #fh a7 ,either of two interchangeable types of regulators is furnished3 the spring type 7,figs #cc1 #cf1 and #cg71 and the dome type 7,fig #ch74 ,illustration3 ,fig #cf4 ,rear of tank group1 with carrier removed to show pressure regulator 7spring-type7 and connections4 b4 ,removal of pressure regulator4 ,after release of all pressure3 7#a7 ,remove carrier 7,par #ga b71 if necessary4 7#b7 ,using wrench1 unscrew the flared tube nuts and other fittings4 7#c7 ,lift out the pressure regulator4 c4 ,installation of pressure regulator4 ,line up pressure regulator1 regulator tube1 diffusion-pipe assembly1 and fittings carefully so they will not be damaged when threads are tightened4 ,start threads with the hands4 ,apply only moderate wrench pressure to complete tightening4 ,replace carrier or carrier pack if either has been removed4 d4 ,adjustment of pressure regulator4 ,the pressure regulator ordinarily requires no attention other than checking and tightening connections with the regulator tube and the diffusion-pipe assembly4 ,if a defect in the regulator is indicated by falling off of the range of the weapon or by frequent breakage of the safety-head diaphragm 7,par #ef b71 the following procedure should be carried out4 7,when using wrenches1 do not apply excessive force47 7#a7 ,remove the filling plug 7,par #fi b7 and ignition cylinder4 7,par #cj a7 7#b7 ,fill the fuel tanks with #d gallons of water 7or fuel74 7#c7 ,connect the #j-to #ejj-pound fuel-tank testing gage1 found in the service kit1 to the filling-plug hole4 ,tighten plug of gage with wrench4 7#d7 ,charge the pressure tank to a pressure of #a1hjj pounds per square inch4 7,pars #cb and #cc7 7#e7 ,open the pressure-tank valve4 7#f7 ,read the pressure on the gage4 ,if #cej to #cij pounds is indicated1 omit steps 7#g7 through 7#aj74 7#g7 ,to increase the pressure of a spring-type regulator3 7a7 ,pry off the protective cap4 7b7 ,turn a set-screw wrench clockwise in the adjusting screw and read pressure on gage4 7#h7 ,to decrease the pressure of a spring-type regulator3 7a7 ,turn the set-screw wrench counterclockwise more than is considered sufficient to effect the desired reduction4 7b7 ,turn the pressure-tank valve off4 7c7 ,relieve pressure in the fuel tanks by compressing the fuel valve until the pressure is below that desired4 7d7 ,release the fuel valve4 7e7 ,open the pressure-tank valve and allow the system to reach a state of equilibrium1 which occurs when the hissing sound ceases4 7f7 ,repeat the steps described above in 7#f7 and 7#g74 7#i7 ,to increase the pressure of a dome-type regulator3 7a7 ,open needle valve ,no4 #a one full turn4 7,fig #ch7 7b7 ,open needle valve ,no4 #b one full turn4 7,there will be slight leakage around the needle-valve thread47 7c7 ,open needle valve ,no4 #c very slowly1 watching pressure gage closely4 7,as pressure builds up in fuel tanks there will be slight leakage through needle valve ,no4 #a47 7d7 ,when the pressure gage indicates #cej pounds1 close needle valve ,no4 #c tight4 7e7 ,close needle valve ,no4 #b tight4 7f7 ,close pressure-tank valve4 7g7 ,when gage indicates zero1 close needle valve ,no4 #a tight4 7#aj7 ,to decrease the pressure of a dome-type regulator3 7a7 ,open needle valve ,no4 #a one full turn4 7,fig #ch7 7b7 ,open needle valve ,no4 #c very slightly1 which will lower the pressure4 7c7 ,when #cej pounds is reached1 close valve ,no4 #c tight4 ,illustration3 ,fig #cg4 ,pressure regulator1 spring-type4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ch4 ,pressure regulator1 dome-type1 showing needle valves and wrenches4 7d7 ,close pressure-tank valve4 7e7 ,when gage indicates zero1 close needle valve ,no4 #a tight4 7#aa7 ,open pressure-tank valve and press the fuel valve to observe the pressure with the weapon operating4 7#ab7 ,after final adjustment3 7a7 ,close the pressure-tank valve4 7b7 ,open the fuel valve and release the pressure from the fuel tanks4 7c7 ,remove the pressure gage and plug from the fuel tank4 7d7 ,install filling plug4 7e7 ,tighten filling plug with wrench4 7f7 ,if regulator is spring-type1 replace its protective cap4 #fh4 ,,fuel-,,tank ,,assembly4 a4 ,description and functioning4 7,figs #d1 #e1 and #ci7 ,the fuel-tank assembly includes3 7#a7 ,fuel tanks4 ,two alloy steel fuel tanks hold the fuel before it is propelled to the target4 ,they have a combined capacity1 including void1 of #d-a_/b gallons4 ,a void of approximately #a_/b gallon is left in tanks when filling to allow for expansion and to permit entry of the compressed nitrogen or air4 ,to speed filling and cleaning of the tanks1 two openings are provided on top of the fuel tanks4 ,the openings are threaded to receive the filling-plug assembly and the safety-head plug assembly1 which are interchangeable in the openings4 ,filling operations involve the use of auxiliary equipment and are described in ,paragraphs #cd through #dj4 ,the carrier and the pressure system are supported on the fuel tanks4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ci4 ,fuel system of tank group and related parts disassembled1 showing nomenclature and ,chemical ,warfare ,service stock numbers for requisitioning spare parts4 7#b7 ,tank connector4 ,this open passageway between the fuel tanks makes them1 in effect1 a single container4 ,the location of the tank connector and its large diameter permit easy flow of fuel and pressure between the two tanks4 7#c7 ,hose connector4 ,the hose connector is the outlet for fuel from the fuel tanks4 ,it is located so that nearly all the fuel is propelled from the weapon if firing positions are correct4 7,par #bd7 ,one end is welded to an opening in the tank connector4 ,the other end is threaded into the tank coupling4 7#d7 ,frame clamp4 ,this small metal clamp1 with bolt1 nut1 and washer1 holds the hose connector to the carrier frame4 7#e7 ,diffusion-pipe assembly4 ,this ,t-shaped tubing carries compressed air or nitrogen from the pressure regulator to each of the fuel tanks4 ,a flared tube connection and elbow connect the stem of the ,t to the pressure regulator4 ,the horizontal tubes of the ,t extend into the fuel tanks and are welded to the fuel tank walls4 ,within the fuel tanks these tubes are perforated with holes which permit ready escape of the compressed nitrogen or air into the fuel tanks when the pressure-tank valve is open4 b4 ,removal and installation4 ,the tank connector1 hose connector1 diffusion-pipe assembly1 and the two fuel tanks are welded together and cannot be disassembled from each other4 ,no attempt should be made to remove any of these parts or assemblies4 c4 ,maintenance4 ,other than cleaning 7,pars #ea d and #ee e71 repainting1 and tightening of threaded joints1 no repairs will be attempted by the first or second echelon on the fuel tanks1 tank and hose connectors1 or diffusion-pipe assembly4 ,emergency repairs may be made only by the third or fourth echelon4 ,no attempt should be made to weld or patch any part of the fuel tanks4 #fi4 ,,filling ,,and ,,safety-,,head ,,plug ,,assemblies4 a4 ,description and functioning4 7#a7 ,filling-plug assembly4 7,fig #ci7 ,this assembly fits into the #a-c_/h-;inch threaded opening at the top of either one of the fuel tanks4 ,it permits filling and cleaning of the tanks1 and seals the opening when the tank is not being filled or cleaned4 ,the assembly includes the filling plug proper and a plug-retainer assembly4 ,the latter is a metal rod which hangs from the plug on a metal chain4 ,the rod and chain prevent accidental loss of the plug4 7#b7 ,safety-head plug assembly4 7,figs #ci and #dj7 ,this assembly is screwed into the threaded opening on top of either fuel tank4 ,it serves the same functions as the filling-plug assembly and moreover protects the firer and other personnel4 ,it includes3 7a7 ,safety-head plug4 ,this plug is similar to the filling plug except for the threaded hole which receives the safety head4 7b7 ,safety head4 ,this metal head screws into the safety-head plug4 ,it includes a soft metal diaphragm which bursts when the pressure in the fuel tanks exceeds #ejj pounds per square inch4 ,it prevents the building up of dangerous pressures in the fuel tanks4 ,illustration3 ,fig #dj4 ,safety-head plug assembly 7cross section74 ,illustration3 ,fig #da4 ,unscrewing safety head from safety-head plug1 using wrench4 7c7 ,deflector tube4 ,this short1 curved piece of #a_/h-;inch pipe deflects fuel and pressure away from the firer if the safety head bursts4 ,a lock nut holds the tube in position4 7,par #ab j7 7d7 ,plug-retainer assembly4 ,this assembly consists of a metal rod and chain which hang from the plug and prevent accidental loss of the plug when filling or inspecting4 b4 ,removal of plugs4 7#a7 ,before removing the filling plug1 the safety-head plug1 or an unbroken safety head1 operate the fuel valve until any pressure which may have accumulated in the fuel tanks is eliminated4 ,if the coupling plug is in the tank coupling1 very slightly loosen the threads of either the filling plug or the safety-head plug1 using the #a-c_/d-;inch wrench1 to eliminate pressure in the fuel tanks4 ,keep face and eyes away from the threads4 7#b7 ,the plug-retainer assemblies should not be lifted completely out of the tanks unless required4 7#c7 ,if either the rod or the rod and chain breaks from one of the plugs and falls into the tank1 upend the tank group to permit removal of the parts4 7#d7 ,to replace burst safety head1 unscrew lock nut and deflector tube4 7,fig #aa7 ,using wrench 7,fig #da71 unscrew safety head4 ,never disassemble the safety head4 c4 ,installation of plugs4 ,the filling plug1 safety-head plug1 and safety head are screwed in by hand and then tightened with wrenches4 ,no substitution will be made for the safety head1 which is manufactured to burst at the safe limit of pressure4 ,the plug threads and seats should be cleaned with a cloth 7,fig #bi7 before installing plugs4 ,screw in deflector tube1 using hand pressure4 ,the tube outlet should face to the rear and at a #de-;degree angle to operator's left shoulder4 7,fig #ah7 ,replace lock nut and tighten with wrench4 7,use wrench on lock nut1 not on deflector tube47 d4 ,maintenance of plugs4 ,replace safety head if damaged or blown4 ,never repair safety head or use an improvised head4 #gj4 ,,tank ,,coupling4 a4 ,description and functioning4 ,this quick-connecting coupling 7,fig #db7 connects and locks the fuel hose or the coupling plug to the tank group4 ,the coupling cams1 lock1 and washer provide a secure and tight joint4 ,the tank coupling makes possible rapid replacement of emptied tank groups with filled and charged tank groups in the field4 ,no tools are needed for this operation4 ,illustration3 ,fig #db4 ,tank coupling and end of fuel-hose assembly4 b4 ,removal4 7#a7 ,to remove the tank coupling from the hose connector1 apply a wrench and unscrew4 ,illustration3 ,fig #dc4 ,closing cams of tank coupling to connect gun and tank group4 ,this is done before locking4 7,see below47 ,illustration3 ,fig #dd4 ,closing lock of tank coupling to secure gun to tank group4 ,this also provides a fuel-tight seal4 7#b7 ,to disconnect the tank coupling from the fuel hose or the coupling plug3 7a7 ,release pressure from fuel tanks by operating the fuel valve or by opening very slightly the filling plug4 7b7 ,using hands1 pivot the coupling lock back on the coupling body4 7c7 ,using hands1 pivot the two coupling cams back on the coupling4 7d7 ,slide out the fuel hose or the tank coupling4 7e7 ,if coupling washer is to be removed1 pry out with a screw driver4 c4 ,installation of tank coupling4 ,proceed as follows3 7#a7 ,if coupling washer has been removed1 replace4 7#b7 ,insert coupling plug or hose nipple1 tank end1 in the coupling as far as it will reach4 ,close the two cams4 7,fig #dc7 ,illustration3 ,fig #de4 ,coupling plug in place in tank coupling4 ,this arrangement is used when fuel tanks are brought back for filling with gun detached4 7#c7 ,close the coupling lock 7,fig #dd71 being sure to push it all the way1 until it covers the ends of both cams4 7,figure #de shows coupling lock correctly locked on coupling plug47 7#d7 ,if the tank coupling has been removed from the hose connector1 screw it on hand tight4 ,anti-seize compound should be applied lightly to the threads to assure a tight joint4 ,use wrench to tighten the coupling until it is in the position shown in ,figure #cd4 d4 ,maintenance of tank coupling4 ,the coupling washer1 made of synthetic rubber1 should be inspected frequently4 ,if it is damaged or swollen1 remove it and replace4 ,if the coupling leaks1 inspect1 and if necessary1 remove and replace the washer4 #ga4 ,,carrier4 a4 ,description and functioning4 7,fig #df7 ,the tank group is securely carried on the firer's back and chest by the carrier1 which includes the metal carrier frame1 the canvas carrier pack1 webbing straps1 and cord1 all of which are parts of the tank group4 7#a7 ,carrier frame4 ,this lightweight1 tubular-metal frame is bolted to two pairs of brackets 7upper and lower7 on the fuel tanks4 ,it is also bolted to the hose connector by the frame clamp1 which helps support the connector4 ,the frame is pierced by two parallel series of holes1 through which the cord 7lashing7 of the carrier is laced4 7#b7 ,carrier pack4 ,this is a sheet of heavy canvas1 reinforced on the tank side with strips of webbing4 ,the smooth side of the carrier pack rests against the firer's back and cushions the back from contact with the metal tanks4 ,a series of eyelets is located on each side of the pack4 7#c7 ,seine cord 7lashing74 ,the carrier pack is fastened to the carrier frame by means of hard-braided cord which is laced through the eyelets in the pack and the holes in the frame4 ,the cord that comes on the flame thrower stretches very little under load4 7#d7 ,straps4 ,the straps1 made of wide cotton webbing1 are adjustable to fit the wearer4 7,fig #ah7 ,they are provided with snap release1 hook-and-eye1 and snap fasteners4 ,the shoulder straps have quick-release fasteners for rapid removal1 if necessary1 of the tank group from the firer4 ,the upper ends 7steel loops7 of the shoulder straps are secured by pins to the steel support which connects the two fuel tanks4 ,each of the pins is held in position by a split cotter pin1 which is inserted through a hole in the pin and is then spread4 ,the lower ends of the shoulder straps snap onto metal loops at the bottom of the carrier frame4 ,the upper body straps are attached to metal loops on each side of the carrier frame4 ,the lower body straps are fastened to one of the lower two pairs of eyelets of the carrier pack4 b4 ,removal of carrier4 7#a7 ,to remove carrier or carrier frame1 use screw driver and adjustable-end wrench to take off frame clamp1 bolt1 nut1 and lock washer4 7,fig #cd7 ,then remove two pairs of bolts1 nuts1 and lock washers which hold the carrier frame to bottom and top of the fuel tanks4 ,lift off the carrier4 7#b7 ,to remove body straps1 unsnap ends and lift out of holes4 ,to remove shoulder straps1 unsnap lower ends and remove from holes4 ,pull out cotter pins1 then pins1 from upper ends of shoulder straps1 and lift out straps4 7#c7 ,to remove carrier pack1 unknot and unlace cord4 c4 ,installation of carrier4 7#a7 ,to install carrier frame 7or a complete carrier7 place frame in position adjacent to fuel tanks 7,fig #df71 insert bolts in holes1 place lock washers and nuts on bolts1 and tighten with screw driver and wrench4 ,replace frame clamp on fuel connector and frame4 ,insert bolt in holes1 place lock washer and nut on bolt4 ,tighten with screw driver and wrench4 7#b7 ,if carrier pack has been removed1 use cord to relash4 ,lace tight and use slip-proof knots4 7,fig #df7 7#c7 ,to install straps1 snap ends of body straps and lower ends of shoulder straps into positions shown in ,figure #df4 ,place upper ends 7steel loops7 of shoulder straps in steel support between fuel tanks4 ,insert two pins through any two of the holes in the support and through the shoulder strap loops4 ,insert cotter pins in holes in pins and spread cotter pins to lock pins in place4 d4 ,adjustment of carrier4 ,carrier must be carefully adjusted to fit the individual firer so the load will not shift during sudden1 rapid changes of firer's position4 ,adjustments are as follows3 7#a7 ,cord and carrier pack4 ,cord must be tight at all times4 ,the cord furnished with the equipment has very little tendency to stretch4 ,however1 pull cord tight when lacing and use slip-proof knots at ends4 ,tighten cord periodically4 ,illustration3 ,fig #df4 ,carrier assembled on tank group4 7#b7 ,straps4 ,adjust straps to fit each firer1 moving slides on straps as necessary4 ,straps must fit snugly to prevent shifting of load and to keep tank group high on firer's back4 ,lower body straps may be fastened in second pair from the bottom of carrier eyelets to conform to firer's physique4 ,pins1 which hold top ends of shoulder straps to steel support between the fuel tanks1 may be moved to any two of the three holes so as to provide the best balance in the load4 e4 ,maintenance of carrier4 ,keep carrier dry and clean4 ,if flame thrower becomes wet or muddy1 clean and dry carrier thoroughly4 ,store in a dry place4 ,if rotted1 mildewed1 or damaged1 replace affected parts4 ,if cord frays or breaks1 use special seine cord from service kit as replacement4 ,section ,,xvii ,,gun ,,group #gb4 ,,general ,the gun group consists of the fuel-hose assembly and the gun4 ,the gun includes the fuel valve1 which controls the ejection of fuel1 and the ignition head1 which ignites the fuel4 #gc4 ,,fuel-,,hose ,,assembly4 a4 ,description and functioning4 7,fig #dg7 ,hose1 fuel1 flame thrower1 ,m#a1 assembly1 provides a flexible connection between the fuel tanks and the gun4 7#a7 ,hose4 ,made of synthetic rubber and reinforced with a cover of metal wire and cotton braid1 the hose resists the action of gasoline and oil1 and withstands a pressure of approximately #a1jjj pounds per square inch4 ,its inside diameter is #g_/h inch2 its outside diameter is approximately #a-a_/d inches4 7#b7 ,nipples4 ,the hose nipple1 tank end1 connects the hose to the tank coupling on the tank group4 ,the hose nipple1 gun end1 is a threaded connector between the other end of the hose and the fuel-valve body4 b4 ,removal of fuel-hose assembly4 ,remove the hose from the gun only when necessary for maintenance4 ,the threads in the fuel-valve body will be damaged by frequent screwing and unscrewing of the hose because the body is a lightweight aluminum casting4 ,fuel hose is replaced as a unit and is not disassembled in the second echelon4 ,to disconnect from tank group1 see ,paragraph #gj b4 c4 ,installation of fuel-hose assembly4 7#a7 ,to install in tank group1 see ,paragraph #gj c4 7#b7 ,to install in gun1 apply anti-seize compound 7from service kit7 lightly to threads and screw hose in fuel-valve body by hand4 ,use wrench only enough to make a secure connection4 d4 ,maintenance of fuel-hose assembly4 ,if the hose nipple1 tank end1 is badly nicked and does not provide a tight connection with a new coupling washer 7,par #gj73 7#a7 ,file the end surface1 being careful to keep the surface at a right angle to the sides of the nipple4 7#b7 ,couple hose nipple1 tank end1 to tank coupling4 ,if coupling closes very easily1 indicating washer is not being compressed1 replace the washer and recouple4 ,if coupling still closes too freely1 the nipple has been filed too short1 and the fuel-hose assembly should be replaced as a unit4 #gd4 ,,valve ,,grip4 a4 ,description and functioning4 7,fig #dg7 ,the valve grip is part of the fuel valve4 ,it includes the controls and is held by the firer in his right hand to support the gun group4 ,parts of the valve grip are3 7#a7 ,left and right valve grips4 ,a pistol-type grip is formed by two aluminum housings designated as the left valve grip and the right valve grip4 ,the two parts are held together by four screws and four lock washers4 7#b7 ,grip support4 ,this aluminum housing is mounted above the left and right valve grips and connected to them by two screws and lock washers4 7#c7 ,valve lever4 ,this control is made to fit the fingers and is mounted in front of and between the two parts of the valve grip4 ,a pin at the top of the lever fits into holes in left and right valve grips and serves as a pivot1 governing the movement of the lever4 ,when the lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously by the operator1 the valve is thereby opened and fuel is ejected from the gun4 7#d7 ,grip safety4 ,this control is grasped by the hand simultaneously with the valve lever4 ,it is mounted back of and between left and right valve grips4 ,a pin at the base of the safety fits into holes in the left and right valve grips and serves as a pivot in a manner similar to the pin on the valve lever4 ,the fuel cannot be discharged unless both the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously4 7#e7 ,rocker arm4 ,the rocker arm1 a boat-shaped metal part1 is mounted near its center on a pin4 ,it is held in contact with the valve lever by means of a valve-grip spring and spring pin4 ,at its top end1 the rocker arm touches the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly4 ,when the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed1 the rocker arm pushes the valve diaphragm assembly forward4 7#f7 ,valve-grip spring4 ,when the firer's hand releases the valve grip1 the valve-grip spring forces the valve lever1 the grip safety1 and the rocker arm back to their normal1 nonoperating positions4 b4 ,removal of valve grip4 7#a7 ,unscrew the four screws and lock washers that hold the grip support to the valve body4 ,remove the valve grip as a unit4 ,illustration3 ,fig #dg4 ,fuel valve 7disassembled7 and fuel hose1 showing nomenclature and ,chemical ,warfare ,service stock numbers for requisitioning spare parts4 ,illustration3 ,fig #dh4 ,location of parts in right valve grip before covering them with left valve grip4 ,illustration3 ,fig #di4 ,using screw driver to push long end of valve-grip spring into groove in grip safety4 7#b7 ,to disassemble valve grip1 remove screws and lock washers from the grip4 ,lift off the left valve grip1 exposing contents of grip4 ,lift out the following parts3 valve-grip spring1 rocker arm1 grip safety1 and valve lever4 c4 ,installing valve grip4 7#a7 ,place grip safety1 valve lever1 and rocker arm in position in right valve grip4 7,fig #dh7 ,be sure the shorter end of rocker arm is at the top4 ,place grip spring over spring pin4 ,slip short end of grip spring in groove of rocker arm4 ,place long end of grip spring on outside of grip safety4 7#b7 ,put left valve grip in place and insert the two lower lock washers and screws4 ,tighten the two screws enough to hold parts in place and still leave space for moving long end of spring into the groove in grip safety4 ,push spring into groove with a screw driver4 7,fig #di7 7#c7 ,with spring in place1 fully tighten the two screws with screw driver4 7#d7 ,place grip support in position1 and insert the two upper lock washers and screws4 ,tighten screws1 using screw driver4 7#e7 ,attach valve grip to valve body1 using the four lock washers and inserting the four screws through the grip support4 ,make sure that the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly is in front of rocker arm4 d4 ,maintenance of valve grip4 ,no maintenance is required for the valve grip other than replacement of worn or damaged parts1 tightening of screws1 cleaning1 and lubrication4 7,par #di7 #ge4 ,,barrel ,,and ,,valve-,,body ,,assembly4 a4 ,description and functioning4 7,fig #dg7 ,this assembly is part of the fuel valve4 ,it includes the barrel1 valve body1 and operating parts contained in the barrel and valve body4 ,the assembly consists of3 7#a7 ,valve body1 an aluminum housing1 located at the rear of the gun and mounted on the grip support by means of four screws and lock washers4 ,the valve body has four large threaded openings4 ,the lower opening leads into the valve grip4 ,the side opening1 which forms a ,y with the main portion of the body1 is connected to the fuel-hose assembly4 ,the front opening is screwed on the barrel4 ,the rear opening is closed by the spring retainer and plug4 7#b7 ,valve-diaphragm assembly1 which transmits and reverses the movement imparted to it by the rocker arm of the valve grip4 7,par #gd a7 ,it also serves as a seal1 keeping fuel from entering the valve grip4 ,the valve-diaphragm assembly includes3 7a7 ,yoke shaft1 on which the rocker arm bears at the lower end of the shaft4 7b7 ,yoke1 a ,y-shaped metal part which fits on the upper end of the yoke shaft and is held to it by a steel pin4 ,the yoke transmits motion from the shaft to the yoke block1 and is located within the valve body when the valve is assembled4 7c7 ,diaphragm1 a synthetic-rubber diaphragm held in a steel sleeve1 which fits snugly in the lower opening of the valve body4 ,the yoke shaft passes through the diaphragm4 7#c7 ,diaphragm support1 washer1 and cap1 which hold the valve-diaphragm assembly in place in the valve body4 7#d7 ,spring retainer1 a brass1 hollow bushing which screws into the rear opening of the valve body1 and which is threaded internally to receive the plug4 ,the retainer has a hexagonal head to take a #a-c_/h-;inch wrench4 ,as its name implies1 the retainer holds the valve spring in position4 7#e7 ,plug1 a brass part1 resembling a cap screw1 which fits into the spring retainer1 closing off the rear end of the gun4 ,it permits adjustment of the needle 7see d below7 without removing the valve spring and spring retainer4 7#f7 ,valve spring1 a coil spring located in the valve body between the spring retainer and the yoke block4 ,the spring keeps the needle seated in the nozzle until compression of the grip safety and valve lever forces back the yoke block1 spring1 and needle4 7#g7 ,yoke block1 a steel piece1 #a inch long1 which fits into the arms of the yoke ,y4 ,it is secured by an internal thread to the valve needle4 ,movement of the yoke in turn moves the yoke block and the valve needle4 7#h7 ,lock nut1 on the valve-needle thread at the rear of the yoke block1 which locks the block on the needle4 7#i7 ,valve-needle1 a pointed rod1 which extends through the inside of the barrel from the yoke block to the nozzle4 ,the valve needle is seated in the nozzle except when firing4 ,it controls the ejection of fuel from the nozzle4 ,two sets of three fins each1 known as needle guides1 are mounted on the front and rear of the needle1 respectively4 ,these guides keep the needle centered in the barrel4 ,the rear end of the valve needle is threaded to hold the yoke block and permit adjustment of the needle by means of the lock nut which screws on the threads4 7,see d below47 7#aj7 ,barrel 7,figs #dg and #ed71 which carries the fuel to the ignition head4 ,it also supports or contains other components of the gun4 ,the barrel assembly is replaced as a unit with the needle4 ,it consists of a tube1 made of thin metal1 with a threaded fitting at the back end1 and a nozzle brazed into the front end of the tube4 ,the nozzle ejects the fuel from the barrel through the ignition head4 ,the fuel emerges from two holes in the nozzle3 7a7 ,atomizer hole1 a small opening which sprays a fine1 readily ignited mist of fuel4 ,this helps ignite the main stream of fuel4 7b7 ,main hole1 which is tapered inside1 and which conveys the main stream of fuel from the barrel4 ,when the gun is not being fired1 the valve needle is seated in the main hole of the nozzle4 ,when the gun is being fired1 the needle is withdrawn from the nozzle seat1 permitting the fuel to be forced from the gun4 b4 ,removal of barrel and valve-body assembly4 ,if gun group and tank group are connected1 release any pressure in the fuel tanks by compressing the valve lever and the grip safety4 ,then disassemble as follows3 7#a7 ,unscrew the fuel-hose assembly from the fuel-valve body only if this is necessary for maintenance4 7#b7 ,remove spring retainer and plug from end of fuel-valve body and remove valve spring4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ej4 ,valve needle1 yoke block1 and lock nut ready for installation in fuel-valve body4 7#c7 ,unscrew diaphragm cap and pull out washer1 support1 and valve-diaphragm assembly4 ,to prevent loss of valve-needle adjustment 7,fig #ed71 do not disturb position of yoke block by turning the needle4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ea4 ,placing diaphragm assembly in position in fuel-valve body4 ,illustration3 ,fig #eb4 ,installing parts in fuel-valve body4 7#d7 ,slide the valve needle out of barrel2 the yoke block and the lock nut may then be unscrewed from the valve needle1 but adjustment 7see d below7 will be necessary when reinstalling4 c4 ,installation of barrel and valve-body assembly4 7#a7 ,to install valve needle1 screw the yoke block and lock nut on the needle 7,fig #ej74 ,insert needle in valve body and barrel4 7#b7 ,insert valve-diaphragm assembly into valve body 7,fig #ea71 making sure that the yoke slips into the flat notches of yoke block4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ec4 ,installing spring retainer in fuel-valve body4 7#c7 ,slip the diaphragm support1 washer1 and cap over the yoke shaft4 7,fig #eb7 ,screw on the diaphragm cap by hand4 ,do not use a wrench4 ,install valve grip4 7,par #gd c7 7#d7 ,place valve spring over end of needle and install spring retainer4 7,fig #ec7 ,apply wrench very lightly to tighten spring retainer4 7#e7 ,adjust needle 7see d below71 and screw plug into the spring retainer4 7#f7 ,if hose has been removed1 apply anti-seize compound lightly to the threads4 ,screw hose into fuel-valve body4 ,wrench should be applied very lightly to tighten4 d4 ,adjustment of valve needle4 ,needle is adjusted after installation of parts in barrel and valve assembly4 ,use care when resetting needle1 as smooth operation of the weapon depends on accurate adjustment4 7#a7 ,remove ignition shield 7,par #ah7 and plug from gun4 7#b7 ,use the valve-adjusting wrench 7,fig #h7 to hold the lock nut and apply a cabinet 7narrow-bladed7 screw driver 7,fig #h7 in the end of the needle4 ,turn needle until it makes a snug fit in the nozzle opening4 7#c7 ,compress the valve lever and grip safety4 ,the needle should draw back into the nozzle with the tip of the needle at the smallest diameter opening in the nozzle4 7,fig #ed7 7#d7 ,when the needle has been correctly adjusted1 as in 7#c7 above1 tighten the lock nut with the valve-adjusting wrench1 keeping the needle from turning with the screw driver4 ,this will lock the adjustment4 ,screw plug into the spring retainer4 7#e7 ,replace ignition shield4 7,par #ah7 e4 ,maintenance of barrel and valve body4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ed4 ,valve-needle adjustment4 ,solid lines show needle in correct open position with point at smallest diameter of nozzle4 ,broken lines show needle in closed position4 7#a7 ,damaged parts4 ,replace worn or damaged parts4 ,if the diaphragm shows evidence of tears or separation1 or if leaks occur at the diaphragm1 replace the valve-diaphragm assembly4 7#b7 ,valve spring4 ,if valve spring has lost resiliency1 grasp it by the ends and stretch slightly1 or replace4 7#c7 ,nozzle leaks4 ,if valve leaks at nozzle1 and cleaning 7,par #ee d7 does not remedy the leak1 adjust needle 7see d above74 ,if leak persists1 either replace barrel and needle1 or lap seat4 ,to lap1 place lapping compound on seat 7in nozzle7 and on needle point4 ,turn needle in seat until parts make a tight connection when seated4 ,remove lapping compound1 reassemble1 adjust needle1 and test fire4 7#d7 ,atomizer hole4 ,if atomizer hole is clogged1 clean with fine wire4 7,par #eb i7 #gf4 ,,ignition ,,head4 a4 ,description and functioning4 7,fig #ee7 ,the ignition head ignites the fuel when the flame thrower is fired4 ,it is mounted on the fore part of the barrel4 ,it consists of3 7#a7 ,ignition-head body1 which includes half of the front grip4 ,three set screws serve to tighten the ignition-head body to the barrel4 ,the ignition-head body is made of aluminum4 7#b7 ,trigger and trigger bearing1 held between the ignition-head body and the coverplate by the trigger screw4 7#c7 ,trigger rod1 one end of which is held in the trigger bearing1 the other extending through the ignition-head body4 ,pulling the trigger shoves the trigger rod forward1 causing it to push a match in the ignition cylinder4 ,the match ignites an incendiary charge in the ignition cylinder4 7#d7 ,trigger spring1 which hooks over a projection of the trigger and is held at its lower end by a screw1 which is held in the ignition-head body4 ,this spring pulls the trigger rod back from the firing position after the firer releases the trigger4 7#e7 ,latch1 located in the ignition-head body1 in front of and above the trigger guard4 ,the latch1 set on a pin1 engages the notch of the ignition shield1 locking it in place4 ,a latch spring holds latch in position4 7#f7 ,coverplate1 an aluminum casting which constitutes the left section of the front grip and covers the working parts seated in the ignition head body4 ,the coverplate and body are held together by four screws and four lock washers4 7#g7 ,spring case1 which turns the ignition cylinder when the trigger is pulled4 7a7 ,four projections on the inner spring case are bent over the outer spring case to hold the two parts together4 7b7 ,the inner-case pin 7,fig #ef7 engages a stop on the inside of the ignition cylinder4 ,the five projecting metal matches on the inside of the ignition cylinder are each in turn stopped by the lug on the forward-facing surface of the ignition-head body4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ee4 ,ignition head disassembled1 showing nomenclature and ,chemical ,warfare ,service stock numbers for requisitioning spare parts4 ,when the trigger is pulled1 the trigger rod pushes a match forward1 causing an incendiary charge in the ignition cylinder to ignite4 ,the spring in the case rotates the ignition cylinder until another match is stopped by the lug4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ef4 ,parts of ignition head and ignition cylinder4 7c7 ,the outer-case pin 7on the outside surface of the outer spring case7 fits into the notch in the ignition shield and holds the spring case as the shield is screwed into position4 ,this action winds the spring in the case4 7d7 ,a snap ring holds the spring case on the ignition-head body4 7#h7 ,ignition shield1 a cylindrical1 thin-metal tube with a conical front end4 ,the shield guides the flame and protects the firer4 ,eight holes around the base of the cone provide an air intake for burning the fuel4 ,the base of the shield is threaded1 and it screws onto the ignition-head body4 ,a notch 7,fig #ef7 in the base of the shield receives the latch and the outer-case pin of the spring case4 b4 ,removal of ignition head4 ,to remove the ignition head1 proceed as follows3 7#a7 ,remove shield by lifting latch and unscrewing shield counterclockwise4 7,fig #ad7 ,keep hands and face away from front of barrel4 7#b7 ,if ignition cylinder has not been removed1 remove it or allow it to fall off barrel4 7#c7 ,pry off snap ring which holds spring case in position1 using screw driver4 7,fig #eg7 ,be careful not to damage or break the ignition-head body by applying too much leverage4 7#d7 ,remove the four screws and lock washers which hold ignition-head body and coverplate together4 ,lift off coverplate4 7#e7 ,trigger1 trigger spring1 trigger rod1 latch1 and latch spring may be removed4 7#f7 ,using a hex wrench1 loosen set screws 7,fig #eh7 and withdraw barrel from ignition head4 c4 ,installation of ignition head4 ,to install ignition head1 proceed as follows3 7#a7 ,insert barrel in ignition-head body1 pushing it as far forward as the shoulder on the barrel permits4 7#b7 ,aline front grip and valve grip4 7#c7 ,using hex wrench1 tighten set screws on barrel enough to hold but not so tight that barrel is dented4 7#d7 ,place latch1 latch spring1 trigger and bearing1 trigger rod1 and trigger spring in position4 7#e7 ,put coverplate on ignition-head body and replace the four lock washers and screws4 7#f7 ,slip spring case over barrel1 and lock by forcing snap ring into the groove4 7#g7 ,when weapon is to be used on a mission1 fit ignition cylinder and ignition shield in place on nozzle end of barrel as described in ,paragraph #ah4 d4 ,maintenance of ignition head4 7#a7 ,servicing4 ,the ignition head should be cleaned and lubricated each time it is disassembled4 7,par #di7 7#b7 ,spring-case assembly4 ,if outer case rotates and inner case does not1 and no spring action occurs1 spring is broken and spring case should be replaced as a unit4 ,do not disassemble or repair this part4 7#c7 ,trigger rod and lug4 ,when trigger is pulled all the way1 end of trigger rod should extend #a_/af inch beyond lug on forward-facing surface of ignition-head body4 ,if end of trigger rod is worn1 replace rod4 ,lug on the ignition-head body should be approximately #g_/cb inch high4 ,if lug is worn or broken1 replace ignition head body4 ,illustration3 ,fig #eg4 ,prying snap ring from ignition head to remove spring case4 ,illustration3 ,fig #eh4 ,loosening set screws with wrench so ignition head may be lifted off barrel4 ,,appendix ,section ,,xviii ,,shipment ,,and ,,storage #gg4 ,,shipment ,,and ,,storage4 ,the flame thrower is shipped and stored in a wooden packing case 7,fig #ei71 which measures approximately #cd inches by #bc inches by #ai inches4 ,cubage of the case is approximately #h-a_/b cubic feet4 ,illustration3 ,fig #ei4 ,opened packing chest showing flame thrower and other contents as received4 a4 ,storage procedure4 ,after use and servicing 7,pars #ee and #ef71 if the weapon is not to be promptly reused on another mission1 it should be returned to the packing case4 ,before disconnecting the gun group from the tank group and storing the weapon1 the ignition cylinder should be removed1 the fuel discharged1 and the pressure released4 ,operate fuel valve to release any residual pressure in the fuel tanks4 ,the deflector tube must be removed from the safety head 7,fig #aa7 to permit the tank group to fit into the chest4 ,the deflector tube should be kept in the spare parts kit or tool kit until the next use of the weapon4 ,the spare parts kit1 the tool kit1 the extra cans of cylinders1 ,,tm #c-cgf;,a1 and the coupling plug 7,fig #g7 should remain in the chest except when they are being used4 ,wooden fittings hold the tank group in place1 with the pressure tank up4 ,the gun group is disconnected from the tank group and is kept with fuel hose connected to the gun on the gun mounting board in the chest4 7,fig #aj7 b4 ,rust prevention4 ,if the flame thrower1 parts1 and tools are to be stored for a considerable length of time1 especially in a damp climate1 all exposed metal surfaces should be covered with a rust-preventive compound4 ,store in a dry place4 ,section ,,xix ,,list ,,of ,,references #gh4 ,,references4 ,references pertaining to the care and use of flame throwers include3 ,,ar #hej-bj ,precautions in ,handling ,gasoline ,,ar #hej-fj ,compressed ,gas ,cylinders2 ,safe ,handling1 ,storing1 ,shipping1 ,using ,,fm #ca-ej ,attack on a ,fortified ,position and ,combat in ,towns ,,fm #ajj-e ,operations ,,tm #c-bbj ,decontamination ,,tm #i-hej ,cleaning1 ,preserving1 ,lubricating1 and ,welding ,materials and ,similar ,items ,issued by the ,ordnance ,department ,,index ,paragraphs - ,a - ,adjustable-end wrench1 #aj;a1 #dh;a ,adjustment of fire1 #be1 #bf;c ,after firing1 #cj1 #ee1 #ef ,after six missions1 #ef ,aging of fuel1 #ce;j ,aiming1 #be1 #bf;c1 #cd ,air compressor1 #cb;a1 #cb;b1 #ci;a ,alcohol1 #ce;a ,angles of tanks when firing1 #bd;b ,anti-seize compound source of1 #dh;b use of1 #eh;b1 #gj;c1 #gc;c ,assistants1 #d;f1 #ae ,atomizer hole cleaning1 #eb;i description1 #ge;a - ,b - ,barrel adjustment1 #eb;e1 #ge;d cleaning1 #ee;d1 #ee;i damage to1 #fb1 #ge;e description1 #ge;a maintenance1 #fb1 #ge;e ,barrel and valve-body assembly1 #ge ,bleeders1 #cb;c ,burning time of fuels1 #cd ,bursts1 #d;b1 #i;b1 #be;c1 #bh1 #bi ,bushing1 pipe1 #c_/d inch by #a_/b inch1 #h1 #aj;b1 #dh;b - ,c - ,cap1 diaphragm1 #ge ,capacity1 fuel1 #i;e1 #fh;a ,carrier adjustment1 #ai1 #ef;e1 #fj1 #ga description1 #e;a1 #ga;a installation1 #ga;c maintenance1 #ga;e preventive maintenance1 #ea1 #ee;h removal1 #ga;b ,carrier frame1 #ga ,carrier pack1 #ga ,carrying the flame thrower1 #ai1 #bj1 #ee;b1 #ef;e1 #fj1 #ga ,catalog1 #dh;b ,charging of pressure tank1 #d;g1 #cb1 #cc1 #fa;c1 #ff;a ,check valve description1 #ff;a installation1 #ff;b operation1 #ca1 #cb1 #ec;d removal1 #ff;b replacement1 #ff;e ,cleaning gun1 #di;a1 #ee1 #ef;f1 #eh;c1 #gd;d1 #ge;e1 #gf;d tank group1 #ee1 #eh;c1 #fh;c1 #ga;e ,cold weather1 #cd-cf1 #dd1 #di1 #fd ,compound1 anti-seize source of1 #dh;b use of1 #eh;b1 #gj;c1 #gc;c ,compound1 pipe thread 7anti-seize71 #dh;b1 #eh;b1 #gj;c1 #gc;c ,compressed air charging apparatus1 #cb1 #cc1 #df1 #dh;b leaks1 #ef;b1 #fa;c release of1 #ff;b volume required1 #i;g1 #cb;c ,compressor1 air1 #cb;a1 #cb;b ,controls1 #ad1 #ba1 #bf1 #fa1 #gd1 #gf ,cord description1 #ga;a installation1 #ga;c replacement1 #dh;b1 #fj1 #ga;e tightening1 #ea;h1 #fj1 #ga;d ,cotter pins1 #ga ,coupling plug1 #aj;f1 #ag1 #ci;c1 #dh;b1 #gj ,coupling washer1 #aj;b1 #dh;b1 #eh;f1 #gj1 #gc;d ,coverplate1 #gf ,cubage1 #i;d ,crankcase drainings1 #cf ,cylinders destruction1 #df number required1 #i;g1 #cb;b use of1 in charging1 #cb1 #cc use of1 in filling1 #ci - ,d - ,dampness effect on fuel1 #ce;e effect on ignition cylinder1 #ca1 #da effect on thickener1 #ce;e effect on weapon1 #da1 #ea;g1 #ga;e1 #gg;b ,deflector tube1 #ab;j1 #fi1 #gg;a ,description of flame thrower1 #e1 #fe-gf ,destruction 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