,,young ,,american ,,readers ,,our ,,home ,,and ,,personal ,,duty ,,by ,,jane ,,eayre ,,fryer ,,author ,,of 8,,the ,,mary ,,frances ,,story-,,instruction ,,books0 ,,illustrations ,,by ,,edna ,a4 ,,cooke ,,and ,,from ,,photographs ,illustration ,in these vital tasks of acquiring a broader view of human possibilities the common school must have a large part4 ,i urge that teachers and other school officers increase materially the time and attention devoted to instruction bearing directly on the problems of community and national life4--,,woodrow ,,wilson4 ,,the ,,john ,c4 ,,winston ,,company1 ,,publishers ,,philadelphia ,,chicago ,,copyright #aiah ,,by ,,the ,,john ,c4 ,,winston ,,co4 ,,all ,,rights ,,reserved ,,civics ,,for ,,american ,,children ,the notion of what constitutes adequate civics teaching in our schools is rapidly changing4 ,the older idea was based on the theory that children were not citizens--that only adults were citizens4 ,therefore1 civics teaching was usually deferred to the eighth grade1 or last year of the grammar school1 and then was mostly confined to a memorizing of the federal constitution1 with brief comments on each clause4 ,today we recognize that even young children are citizens1 just as much as adults are1 and that what is wanted is not training for citizenship but training in citizenship4 ,moreover1 we believe that the 8good citizen0 is one who is good for something in all the relationships of life4 ,,habit ,,formation ,accordingly1 a beginning is being made with the early school years1 where an indispensable foundation is laid through a training in 8morals and manners40 ,this sounds rather old-fashioned1 but nothing has been discovered to take its place4 ,obedience1 cleanliness1 orderliness1 courtesy1 helpfulness1 punctuality1 truthfulness1 care of property1 fair play1 thoroughness1 honesty1 respect1 courage1 self-control1 perseverance1 thrift1 kindness to animals1 8safety first0--these are the fundamental civic virtues which make for good citizenship in the years to come4 ,of course1 the object is to establish right habits of thought and action1 and this takes time and patience and sympathy2 but the end in view justifies the effort4 ,the boy or girl who has become habitually orderly and courteous and helpful and punctual and truthful1 and who has acquired a fair degree of courageous self-control1 is likely to become a citizen of whom any community may well be proud4 ,,dramatization ,the best results are found to be secured through stories1 poems1 songs1 games1 and the dramatization of the stories found in books or told by the teacher4 ,this last is of great value1 for it sets up a sort of brief life-experience for the child that leaves a more lasting impression than would the story by itself4 ,most of the stories told in this reader1 emphasizing certain of the civic virtues enumerated above1 will be found to lend themselves admirably to simple dramatization by the pupils1 the children's imagination supplying all deficiencies in costumes1 scenery1 and stage settings4 ,moreover1 the questions following the text will help the teacher to 8point the moral0 without detracting in the slightest degree from the interest of the story4 ,,community ,,servants ,the basis for good citizenship having been laid through habit-formation in the civic virtues1 the next step is for the children to learn how these virtues are being embodied in the people round about them who are serving them and their families4 ,the baker1 the milkman1 the grocer1 the dressmaker1 the shoemaker1 the carpenter1 the plumber1 the painter1 the physician1 the druggist1 the nurse--these are the community servants who come closest to the life-experience of the children4 ,how dependent each member of a community--especially an urban community--is on all the rest1 and how important it is that each shall contribute what he can to the community's welfare1 are illustrated by the stories of the ,duwell family4 ,here a typical though somewhat ideal ,american family is shown in its everyday relations1 as a constant recipient of the services rendered by those community agents who supply the fundamental need of food1 clothing1 shelter1 and medical attendance4 ,the children in the class will learn1 with the ,duwell children1 both the actual services that are rendered and the family's complete dependence on those services4 ,moreover1 they will acquire the splendid working ideals of interdependence and coperation4 ,and1 finally1 they will discover that the adult citizens who are rendering them these services are embodying the very civic virtues in which they themselves have been so carefully trained4 ,,public ,,servants ,the pupils are now ready to follow the services rendered by public servants such as the policeman1 the fireman1 the street cleaner1 the ashes and garbage collector1 the mail carrier2 and by those who furnish water1 gas1 electricity1 the telephone1 the trolley1 etc42 and these are presented in civics readers that follow this one4 ,the civic virtues previously considered are again found exemplified to a marked degree2 and the threefold idea of dependence1 interdependence1 and coperation through community agencies finds ample illustration4 ,,training ,,for ,,citizenship ,but it is not enough for the pupils to stop with finding out what the community is doing for them4 ,the essential thing in this citizenship-training is for the young citizens to find out what they can do to help things along4 ,civic activities are suggested both in the stories1 poems1 etc41 in these books1 and in the suggestive questions at the close of each chapter4 ,like all texts or other helps in education1 these civics readers cannot teach themselves or take the place of a live teacher4 ,but it is believed that they can be of great assistance to sympathetic1 civically minded instructors of youth who feel that the training of our children in the ideals and practices of good citizenship is the most imperative duty and at the same time the highest privilege that can come to any teacher4 ,j4 ,,lynn ,,barnard4 ,philadelphia ,school of ,pedagogy4 ,april #a1 #aiah4 ,,acknowledgments ,special thanks are due to ,doctor ,j4 ,lynn ,barnard of the ,philadelphia ,school of ,pedagogy1 for valuable suggestions and helpful criticism in the making of this reader2 also to ,miss ,isabel ,jean ,galbraith1 a demonstration teacher of the ,philadelphia ,school of ,pedagogy1 for assistance in preparing the questions on the lessons4 ,for kind permission to use stories and other material1 thanks are due to the following3 ,the ,ohio ,humane ,society for 8,little ,lost ,pup10 by ,arthur ,guiterman2 ,mrs4 ,huntington ,smith1 ,president ,animal ,rescue ,league of ,boston1 for 8,the ,grocer's ,horse10 and to her publishers1 ,ginn and ,company2 ,mary ,craige ,yarrow for 8,poor ,little ,jocko02 ,houghton ,mifflin ,company for 8,baking the ,johnny-cake02 ,the ,american ,humane ,education ,society for selection by ,george ,t4 ,angell2 and to the ,red ,cross ,magazine for several photographs4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,child ,,obedience ,,cleanliness ,,orderliness ,,courtesy ,,helpfulness ,,kindness ,,to ,,animals ,,punctuality ,,truthfulness ,,care ,,of ,,property ,,fair ,,play ,,thoroughness ,,honesty ,,respect ,,courage ,,self ,,control ,,thrift ,,perseverance ,,patriotism ,,family ,,father ,,mother ,,brothers ,,sisters ,,community ,,doctor ,,teacher ,,baker ,,milkman ,,shoemaker ,,tailor ,,coalman ,,grocer ,,public ,,servants ,,fireman ,,policeman ,,street ,,cleaner ,,postman ,,public ,,utilities ,,electricity ,,water ,,gas ,,telephone ,,park ,,library ,,playgrounds ,,school ,,community ,,industries ,,and ,,occupations ,,agriculture ,,industry ,,commerce ,,professions ,,elements ,,of ,,welfare ,,civic ,,beauty ,,education ,,recreation ,,health ,,protection ,,of ,,life ,,and ,,property ,,charities ,,correction ,,wealth ,,communication ,,transportation ,a ,,bird',s-,,eye ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,young ,,american ,,readers ,it may be said that a child's life and experience move forward in ever widening circles1 beginning with the closest intimate home relations1 and broadening out into knowledge of community1 of city1 and finally of national life4 ,a glance at the above diagram will show the working plan of the ,young ,american ,readers4 ,this plan follows the natural growth and development of the child's mind1 and aims by teaching the civic virtues and simplest community relations to lay the foundations of good citizenship4 ,see ,outline of ,work on page #bca4 ,,contents ,,part ,i ,,civic ,,virtues ,stories ,teaching ,thoroughness1 ,honesty1 ,respect1 ,patriotism1 ,kindness to ,animals4 ,thoroughness ,,page ,,the ,,little ,,prairie ,,dogs ,,and ,,old ,,mr4 ,,wolf #c ,,don',t ,,give ,,up1 ,phbe ,cary #h ,,the ,,bridge ,,of ,,the ,,shallow ,,pier #i ,,the ,,thoughtful ,,boy #af ,,grandfather',s ,,story #ag ,honesty ,,honest ,,abe #bc ,i4 ,,the ,,broken ,,buck-,,horn #bc ,,ii4 ,,the ,,rain-,,soaked ,,book #bd ,,iii4 ,,the ,,young ,,storekeeper #bf ,,dry ,,rain ,,and ,,the ,,hatchet #bh ,i4 ,,how ,,dry ,,rain ,,got ,,his ,,name #bh ,,ii4 ,,dry ,,rain ,,goes ,,trading #bi ,,the ,,seven ,,cranberries #cb ,,the ,,donkey',s ,,tail #cf ,,hurting ,a ,,good ,,friend #ci ,respect ,a ,,school ,,without ,a ,,teacher #db ,,our ,,flag #dg ,,scout',s ,,pledge #dh ,,my ,,gift #di ,,flag ,,day #di ,,how ,,our ,,flag ,,developed #eb ,,the ,,flag ,,of ,,the ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 #ed ,,the ,,american ,,flag1 ,joseph ,rodman ,drake #ee ,kindness to ,animals ,,the ,,true ,,story ,,of ,,cheesey #ef ,i4 ,,the ,,dog ,,and ,,the ,,policeman #ef ,,ii4 ,,the ,,policeman',s ,,story #eg ,,iii4 ,,cheesey',s ,,christmas ,,presents #eh ,,the ,,chained ,,dog #fj ,,little ,,lost ,,pup1 ,arthur ,guiterman #fb ,,picture ,,of ,,red ,,cross ,,army ,,dogs #fd ,,the ,,hunting ,,party #ff ,,the ,,lost ,,kitty1 ,ella ,wheeler ,wilcox #fg ,,my ,,peculiar ,,kitty #fh ,,poor ,,little ,,jocko #fi ,,robin ,,redbreast #gd ,,who ,,killed ,,cock ,,robin8 #ge ,,my ,,friend1 ,,mr4 ,,robin #gg ,,if ,,all ,,the ,,birds ,,should ,,die1 ,george ,t4 ,angell #gh ,,furry #hj ,,the ,,grocer',s ,,horse 7adapted71 ,mrs4 ,huntington ,smith #hc ,i4 ,,the ,,careless ,,driver #hc ,,ii4 ,,what ,,happened ,,in ,,the ,,barn #hf ,a ,,letter ,,from ,a ,,horse #hh ,,plea ,,for ,,the ,,horse #hi ,,part ,,ii ,,community ,,occupations ,stories about ,people ,who ,minister to ,our ,daily ,needs4 ,people ,who ,provide ,us with ,food ,,the ,,baker #ie ,i4 ,,an ,,early ,,call #ie ,,ii4 ,,the ,,staff ,,of ,,life #ii ,,iii4 ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,the ,,bakery #aja ,,iv4 ,,where ,,the ,,wheat ,,comes ,,from #ajg ,,baking ,,the ,,johnny-,,cake #aaa ,,the ,,milkman #aae ,i4 ,,before ,,the ,,sun ,,rises #aae ,,ii4 ,,milk1 ,,from ,,farm ,,to ,,family #aai ,,the ,,grocer #abb ,i4 ,,the ,,old-,,time ,,grocer #abb ,,ii4 ,,the ,,modern ,,grocer #abe ,people ,who ,help ,clothe ,us ,,the ,,tailor #abg ,i4 ,,the ,,accident #abg ,,ii4 ,,at ,,the ,,tailor ,,shop #abi ,,iii4 ,,what ,,the ,,tailor ,,saved ,,the ,,duwell ,,family #acb ,,the ,,dressmaker #acd ,i4 ,,an ,,invitation ,,to ,a ,,party #acd ,,ii4 ,a ,,disappointment #acf ,,iii4 ,,at ,,the ,,dressmaker',s #acg ,,iv4 ,,the ,,party #adb ,,the ,,silk ,,dress #add ,,the ,,shoemaker #ade ,i4 ,,the ,,worn ,,shoes #ade ,,ii4 ,,shoemakers ,,who ,,became ,,famous #aej ,,iii4 ,,at ,,the ,,shoemaker',s ,,shop #aeb ,people ,who ,supply ,us with ,shelter ,,the ,,carpenter #aed ,i4 ,a ,,trip ,,into ,,the ,,country #aed ,,ii4 ,,the ,,sawmill #aeh ,,iii4 ,,the ,,carpenter #afa ,,iv4 ,,the ,,wolf',s ,,den #afc ,v4 ,,the ,,cave ,,dwellers #afe ,,the ,,bricklayer #afh ,i4 ,,the ,,fallen ,,chimney #afh ,,ii4 ,,the ,,bricklayer #agb ,,iii4 ,,after ,,school #agc ,,the ,,plumber1 ,,the ,,plasterer1 ,,the ,,painter #agf ,i4 ,a ,,visit ,,to ,a ,,little ,,town #agf ,,ii4 ,,at ,,home #agh ,,iii4 ,,the ,,new ,,kitchen #agi ,people ,who ,supply ,us with ,fuel ,,the ,,coal ,,man ,,and ,,the ,,miner #aha ,i4 ,,black ,,diamonds #aha ,,ii4 ,,in ,a ,,coal ,,mine #ahc ,people ,who ,care for ,our ,health ,,the ,,dentist #ahg ,i4 ,,why ,,ruth ,,was ,,afraid #ahg ,,ii4 ,,at ,,the ,,dentist',s #aij ,,the ,,druggist1 ,,the ,,nurse1 ,,and ,,the ,,doctor #aib ,i4 ,,the ,,sick ,,baby #aib ,,ii4 ,,the ,,druggist #aid ,,iii4 ,,the ,,trained ,,nurse #aif ,,iv4 ,,the ,,doctor1 ,a ,,hero #aii ,e ,,for ,,all ,,and ,,all ,,for ,,one 7a play7 #bja ,,part ,,iii ,,the ,,american ,,red ,,cross ,junior ,membership and ,school ,activities4 ,,the ,,junior ,,red ,,cross #bji ,,the ,,president',s ,,proclamation #baj ,,the ,,american ,,red ,,cross ,,in ,,times ,,of ,,peace #baa ,,the ,,american ,,red ,,cross ,,in ,,times ,,of ,,war #bae ,,before ,,the ,,days ,,of ,,the ,,red ,,cross #bae ,,florence ,,nightingale #baf ,,how ,,the ,,red ,,cross ,,came ,,to ,,be #bai ,,how ,i ,,can ,,help ,,the ,,red ,,cross #bbb ,,the ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,lamp 7a play7 #bbd ,,act ,i4 ,,the ,,sick ,,doll #bbd ,,act ,,ii4 ,,good ,,old ,,cap #bbe ,,act ,,iii4 ,,the ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,lamp #bbg ,,you ,,and ,i ,,and ,,all ,,of ,,us #bbh ,,part ,i ,,civic ,,virtues ,stories ,teaching ,thoroughness1 ,honesty1 ,respect1 ,patriotism1 ,kindness to ,animals ,these stories also teach1 incidentally1 the co-ordinate virtues of obedience1 cleanliness1 orderliness1 courtesy1 helpfulness1 punctuality1 truthfulness1 care of property1 and fair play4 ,illustration ,,the ,,little ,,prairie ,,dogs ,,and ,,old ,,mr4 ,,wolf ,i4 ,once upon a time1 three fat little prairie dogs lived together in a nice deep burrow1 where they were quite safe and warm and snug4 ,these little prairie dogs had very queer names4 ,one was ,jump1 another was ,bump1 and another was ,thump4 ,well1 they lived very happily together until one day ,jump said1 8,i believe ,i would rather live up on top of the ground than in this burrow40 8,i believe ,i would1 too10 said ,bump4 8,i believe ,i would60 said ,thump4 8,i'll tell you what we can do6 ,let us each build a house60 8,let us60 cried ,jump and ,bump1 and away they all scampered up out of the burrow4 ,each one ran in a different direction to hunt for something to use in building a house4 ,jump gathered some straws4 8,these will do10 he thought4 8,i shall not bother to look for anything else4 ,besides1 they are very light and easy to carry40 ,so ,jump built a little straw house4 ,bump gathered some sticks4 8,these will make a nice house4 ,they are quite good enough10 he said4 ,so ,bump built a little stick house4 ,thump saw the straw and the sticks1 but thought he might find something better4 ,pretty soon he came to a pile of stones4 8,my1 what a fine strong house they would make60 he thought4 8,they are heavy to move1 but ,i will try to use them40 ,so he carried and carried and worked and worked1 but finally he had a stone house4 ,,ii4 ,the next morning when old ,mr4 ,prairie ,wolf awoke and stretched himself1 he saw the three little houses in the distance4 8,what can they be80 wondered old ,mr4 ,wolf4 8,maybe ,i can get breakfast over there40 ,so he started toward them4 ,the first house he came to was the straw one4 ,he peeped in the window and saw little ,jump4 ,he knocked on the door4 8,mr4 ,jump1 let me come in10 said he4 8,oh1 no1 by my bark--bark--bark6 you cannot come in10 barked little ,jump1 pushing with all his might against the door with his little paws4 8,then ,i'll blow your house over with one big breath60 growled old ,mr4 ,prairie ,wolf4 ,so he blew one mighty breath1 and blew the house over1 and ate up poor little ,jump4 ,on his way home1 old ,mr4 ,wolf stopped to look in the window of the little stick house4 ,he saw little ,bump4 8,my1 what a good breakfast ,i shall have to-morrow60 he thought to himself4 ,the next morning he came early and knocked on the door of the little stick house4 8,mr4 ,bump1 ,mr4 ,bump10 said he1 8let me come in40 8,oh1 no1 by my bark--bark--bark6 you cannot come in10 barked little ,bump1 standing on his hind legs with his back braced against the door4 8,then ,i'll throw your house over with one blow of my paw10 growled old ,mr4 ,prairie ,wolf4 ,and he did1 and ate up poor little ,bump4 ,,iii4 ,on his way home1 he stopped to look in the window of the little stone house4 ,thump sat by the fireplace toasting his feet4 8,my1 my60 chuckled old ,mr4 ,wolf1 smacking his lips1 8he is the fattest one of all4 ,what a fine breakfast ,i shall have to-morrow60 ,the next morning he came earlier than ever1 and knocked on the door of the little stone house4 8,mr4 ,thump1 let me come in10 said he4 8,all right10 called little ,thump1 8when my feet get warm40 ,so old ,mr4 ,prairie ,wolf sat down to wait4 ,by and by1 old ,mr4 ,wolf knocked on the door again4 8,aren't your feet warm yet1 ,mr4 ,thump80 he growled4 8,only one10 called ,thump2 8you will have to wait until the other one is warm40 ,so old ,mr4 ,wolf sat down to wait4 ,after a few minutes had passed1 he knocked on the door again4 8,isn't your other foot warm yet1 ,mr4 ,thump80 he growled4 8,yes10 called ,thump1 8but the first one is cold now40 8,see here1 ,mr4 ,thump10 growled old ,mr4 ,wolf1 8do you intend to keep me waiting all day while you warm first one foot and then the other8 ,i am tired of such foolishness4 ,i want my breakfast4 ,open the door1 or ,i'll knock your house over60 8,oh1 all right10 barked little ,thump1 8and while you are doing it1 ,i shall eat my breakfast40 ,that made old ,mr4 ,prairie ,wolf very angry1 and he kicked at the little stone house with all his might2 but little ,thump knew he could not move a stone4 ,illustration ,after a long while the noise stopped1 and little ,thump peeped out of the window4 ,he saw old ,mr4 ,wolf limping painfully off2 and that was the way he always remembered him1 for he never never saw him again4 ,this story1 which is built on the framework of the old classic1 8,the ,three ,pigs10 lends itself readily to dramatization4 ,let the four characters take their parts as they remember the story4 ,by no means have them memorize the words4 ,,questions ,which little prairie dog worked hardest to build his house8 ,the others had an easy time1 didn't they8 ,but which one was happiest in the end8 ,why8 ,,don',t ,,give ,,up ,if you've tried and have not won1 ,never stop for crying2 ,all that's great and good is done ,just by patient trying4 ,though young birds1 in flying1 fall1 ,still their wings grow stronger2 ,and the next time they can keep ,up a little longer4 ,if by easy work you beat1 ,who the more will prize you8 ,gaining victory from defeat1 ,that's the test that tries you6 --,phbe ,cary4 ,illustration ,,the ,,bridge ,,of ,,the ,,shallow ,,pier ,i4 ,once upon a time1 a mother loved her little boy so well that she made the mistake of offending one of his good fairies4 ,this was the fairy of carefulness4 ,the mother made the mistake of trying to do everything for her little son4 ,she even put his toys away when he was tired of playing4 ,illustration ,after the boy grew older and went to school1 she did many of his lessons for him4 ,his daily marks in arithmetic were good1 for much of his work was done by his mother at home4 ,of course his teacher did not know this for the boy copied his mother's work4 ,now1 just as you would expect1 this made the boy very careless4 ,but he was really a bright boy1 and even though he did not do well1 he managed to pass his examinations4 8,if you would only be more careful10 his teachers would say1 8you would have the highest marks40 ,when his mother saw his reports1 she would say3 8,oh1 isn't this too bad1 son2 ,i know you will have better marks next time40 ,so1 when the boy became a man he did everything in the same careless manner1 forgetting that other people would not excuse him as his mother had done4 ,now the good fairy of carefulness was very much offended at the way in which the mother spoiled her little son4 ,so she said to herself1 8,i must1 ,i must teach that boy a lesson60 ,,ii4 ,when he was little1 this boy was very fond of playing at building bridges4 ,after he was grown up1 he became a builder of real bridges4 ,at first1 he built only small bridges over the brooks and little streams1 but one day an order was given him to build an important bridge over a large river4 ,just as you might guess1 this pleased the man very much1 and he was glad to begin the work at once4 ,soon his men were busy1 putting in the piers for the new bridge1 and he was hurrying them as fast as he could1 in order to get the bridge built on time4 ,every day he sat in a rowboat calling to his men4 ,they were about to begin work on the middle pier when the foreman of the workers came to him4 8,mr4 ,builder10 he said1 8,i think we shall have to wait for more material if we go down to the right depth for this pier40 8,nonsense1 man10 said the builder1 8we have no time to wait4 ,there is a pretty good bottom under that place4 ,don't go so deep4 ,get along with the material you have40 8,but1 sir1--0 began the man4 8,do as ,i tell you10 ordered the builder4 8,all right1 sir10 replied the foreman2 8you may order that done1 but one of the other men will have to do the job40 8,very well10 was the angry reply of the builder1 8,jim ,nevermind will take your place40 ,the foreman slowly drew on his jacket4 8,somebody will pay for such carelessness10 he muttered4 8,i hope it will not be--0 but the rest of the sentence was drowned by the orders of the new foreman4 ,,iii4 ,in a very short time the bridge was finished and the inspector came to look it over4 8,it looks all right10 he said4 8,are you sure the piers are sound8 ,i haven't time to examine them1 but ,i know that a man who has built as many bridges as you1 would make them right40 8,i am glad you are pleased1 sir10 replied the builder4 8,you have certainly made record time10 continued the inspector1 8and ,i shall carry back a good report40 8,thank you very much10 said the builder2 but his pleasure was somewhat spoiled because of the shallow pier4 8,it is all nonsense10 he thought1 8to be so particular2 besides1 the current in that river is so slow that there is no danger40 ,and it seemed true1 for three years later1 the bridge appeared to be as firm and strong as when it was first built4 ,,iv4 ,but one day in the early part of the fourth year there came a great flood4 ,the slow-moving current became a raging torrent1 sweeping everything in its way and blocking large timbers and trees against the bridge4 ,it so happened that a party of young people were riding along in a big hay wagon drawn by four beautiful bay horses4 ,when they came to the bridge the driver stopped4 8,shall we cross80 he asked4 8,oh1 yes10 the children shouted1 8it will be fun40 8,it looks safe enough10 said one of the two grown people who were with them4 ,so with a 8,gee-up1 boys10 to the horses1 the driver started across the bridge4 ,just--ah1 you know1 don't you8 ,just as they reached the middle pier1 there came a creak and a rumble1 a moment's swaying1 and a crash4 ,the bridge had caved in1 and the hay wagon1 full of terror-stricken children1 together with the frightened horses1 was swept into the water4 8,don't jump60 shouted the driver to the children1 trying to guide the swimming horses shoreward2 but that was impossible4 ,for a full minute1 which seemed like hours1 they were swept onward4 ,then1--maybe the good fairy of carefulness had planned it--they rested on a little island the top of which was just covered with water4 ,the white-faced driver counted the children1 8,all here6 ,thank ,god60 he said4 ,the little folks cried and hugged each other1 and called aloud for their mothers and fathers4 ,they had to stay there all night1 cold and frightened and hungry4 ,that was dreadful enough1 but it was nothing compared with the fear that the water might rise higher still4 ,but slowly and steadily it went down1 and by early morning all of the little island was uncovered4 ,all the party were then quickly rescued with boats4 ,v4 ,the builder started1 as the heading in the evening paper caught his eye--8,terrible ,bridge ,accident--,who is to ,blame80 8,why1 why1 it's the bridge of the shallow pier60 he exclaimed4 8,people will find out that ,i am the one to blame60 8,shall ,i run away80 he wondered1 and sat for hours with his head in his hands4 ,suddenly he threw back his shoulders and said aloud1 8,no1 ,i will not run away4 ,i will stay and do what ,i can to make the bridge right and never neglect my duty again60 ,do you wonder that the good fairy of carefulness1 and thoroughness1 smiled and whispered1 8,i wish he could have learned his lesson more easily60 ,illustration ,,memory ,,gem ,if a task is once begun ,never leave it till it's done2 ,be the labor great or small ,do it well1 or not at all4 --,phbe ,cary4 ,,questions ,the careless little boy had a very easy time both at home and at school1 didn't he8 ,but1 what kind of man did he grow to be8 ,it did not seem as if just one shallow pier would matter1 did it8 ,but if he had been honest and thorough in his work when he was little1 do you think he would have been content to be paid for such a carelessly built bridge8 ,how do you suppose he felt when he heard about the accident8 ,can you remember some time when you felt like being careless1 but decided to do your very best8 ,,the ,,thoughtful ,,boy 8,little by little10 said a thoughtful boy1 8,moment by moment ,i'll well employ2 ,learning a little every day1 ,not spending all my time in play2 ,and still this rule in my mind shall dwell1 #8,whatever ,i do1 ,i'll do it well'40 8,little by little1 ,i'll learn to know ,the treasured wisdom of long ago1 ,and one of these days perhaps we'll see ,the world made better for having me40 ,and do you not think that this simple plan ,made him a wise and a useful man8 --,selected4 ,illustration ,,grandfather',s ,,story ,i4 ,charles was fastening the lid on a box of ,christmas presents which his little brothers were going to send to their cousins4 8,if ,i were you1 ,i'd put another nail on each side10 said grandfather4 8,oh1 ,i think these will hold10 ,charles replied1 giving the box a little shake4 8,there are three1 on each side40 8,four would be better10 grandfather said4 8,oh1 grandpa1 don't you think three will do80 asked the boy4 8,i--,i haven't any more40 8,so that is the trouble10 said the old gentleman1 laughing4 8,very well1 here is some money4 ,when you get back from the store ,i will tell you how the history of a whole great nation was changed for want of a few horseshoe nails60 8,a few horseshoe nails60 exclaimed ,charles4 8,is it true1 grandpa80 8,it is true10 answered grandfather4 8,now hurry up if you want to hear how it came about40 8,oh1 thank you60 ,charles cried1 as he started out of the door4 ,he was so delighted with the promise of one of grandfather's stories that he was back in less time than if he had gone for candy6 8,well done60 grandfather greeted him4 8,now sit down1 and while you get your breath1 ,i will tell you the story4 ,,ii4 8,many1 many years ago1 when ,king ,richard was ruler of ,england1 he owned a beautiful horse which he rode whenever he went into battle4 8,one day word came that ,henry1 the ,earl of ,richmond1 was on his way to attack the king's men4 8,king ,richard ordered his favorite horse brought to him1 and turned to talk to the officers of his army4 8,now the groom who had charge of the king's horses suddenly noticed that this horse needed shoeing4 8,so he hurried to the nearest smithy4 8#8,shoe this horse quickly1' he said to the blacksmith4 #8,his ,majesty has called for him4 ,the enemy is near6' 8,the blacksmith worked with all his might1 and soon had four horseshoes ready4 8,when he had nailed on two shoes1 he found he had not nails enough for the other two4 ,suddenly the bugles sounded4 8#8,hurry6' cried the groom4 #8,the soldiers are gathering6' 8#8,shall ,i make more nails8' asked the blacksmith4 8#8,how many have you8' asked the groom4 8#8,i have only eight1' replied the smith4 #8,it would not take very long to hammer out eight more4' 8#8,you will have to make eight do1' said the groom4 8#8,if you could only wait a little while1' urged the smith1 working away4 8#8,i suppose ,i might1--but it would be a risk6 ,won't four nails hold a horseshoe8' 8#8,well1 that depends on how hard the horse is ridden1' answered the blacksmith1 driving the last of the eight nails in place4 8,the horse reached the king in good time1 for it took quite a long while for the officers to make their plans4 ,,iii4 8,soon ,king ,richard was riding among his men1 cheering them on in the battle4 8#8,no other horse could carry a man as surely and swiftly1' whispered the king1 patting the horse's neck4 8,he had not noticed that the horse had lost one shoe4 ,onward he urged him over a rocky hill4 ,another shoe flew off4 8,suddenly the horse stumbled and fell1 and the king was thrown to the ground4 8,before he could rise1 the horse1 although lamed1 had struggled to his feet and galloped away1 dreadfully frightened4 8,then the king shouted1 #8,a horse6 ,a horse6 ,my kingdom for a horse6' 8,but there was no horse for him4 ,when his men had seen him thrown1 they had all turned and fled4 8,and so the battle was lost1 and ,king ,richard was killed1 and the history of the great nation of ,england was changed1 for ,henry1 ,earl of ,richmond1 became king40 8,and all for the want of a few horseshoe nails601 finished ,charles1 as grandfather stopped speaking4 8,i will put two more nails into each side of the box lid1 grandpa60 8,while you are doing that1 ,i will teach you a few lines that ,i learned when ,i was a boy10 said grandfather4 8,try to remember them40 8,for want of a nail the shoe was lost2 ,for want of a shoe the horse was lost2 ,for want of a horse the rider was lost2 ,for want of a rider the battle was lost2 ,for loss of a battle a kingdom was lost2-- ,and all for the want of a horseshoe nail40 ,illustration ,,questions ,how might the battle have ended if the groom had waited until the blacksmith had put the right number of nails in the horse's shoes8 ,which do you think ,king ,richard would rather have lost--a little time or his kingdom8 ,how do you suppose the groom and the blacksmith felt when they learned the result of the battle8 ,do you know any careless people8 ,what do you think of them8 ,can you remember ever doing something carelessly in order to finish more quickly8 ,tell about it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if you're told to do a thing1 ,and mean to do it really2 ,never let it be by halves2 ,do it fully1 freely6 --,phbe ,cary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,he liveth long who liveth well2 ,all else in life is thrown away2 ,he liveth longest who can tell ,of true things truly done each day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,what is worth doing at all is worth doing well4 99 99 99 99 99 ,go to the ant1 thou sluggard2 consider her ways1 and be wise4 ,,honest ,,abe ,as a boy1 ,abraham ,lincoln was known as 8,honest ,abe40 ,like other boys he sometimes did wrong1 but never did he try to hide his wrongdoing4 ,he was always ready to own up and tell the truth4 ,so his neighbors called him 8,honest ,abe40 ,illustration ,in this way he was like young ,george ,washington4 ,the ,american people are fond of that kind of boy4 ,that is one of the reasons why ,lincoln and ,washington were each twice elected ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,i4 ,the ,broken ,buck-horn ,when he was fourteen years old1 young ,abraham attended a log cabin school during the winter4 ,nailed to one of the logs in the schoolhouse was a large buck's head1 high above the children's reach4 ,a hunter had shot a deer in the forest1 and presented the head1 when mounted1 to the school4 ,it had two unusually fine horns4 ,one day the teacher noticed that one of the horns was broken off short4 ,calling the school to order he asked who had broken the horn4 8,i did it10 answered young ,lincoln promptly4 8,i reached up and hung on the horn and it broke4 ,i should not have done so if ,i had thought it would break40 ,he did not wait until he was obliged to own up1 but did so at once4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dare to be true2 nothing can need a lie4 ,a fault which needs it most grows two thereby4 --,herbert4 ,,ii4 ,the ,rain-soaked ,book ,there were no libraries on the frontier in those early days4 ,when the boy ,lincoln heard of anyone who had a book1 he tried to borrow it1 often walking many miles to do so4 ,he said later that he had read through every book he had heard of within fifty miles of the place where he lived4 ,when living in ,indiana he often worked as a hired boy for a well-to-do farmer named ,josiah ,crawford4 ,mr4 ,crawford owned a 8,life of ,george ,washington10 a very precious book at that time4 ,the book-hungry boy borrowed it to read4 ,one night he lay by the wood fire reading until he could no longer see1 and then he climbed the ladder into the attic and went to bed under the eaves4 ,before going to sleep he placed the book between two logs of the walls of the cabin for safe-keeping4 ,during the night a heavy rain-storm came up4 ,when young ,lincoln examined the book in the morning it was water soaked4 ,the leaves were wet through and the binding warped4 ,he dried the book as best he could by the fire and then in fear and trembling took it home to ,mr4 ,crawford4 ,after telling the story he asked what he might do to make good the damaged property4 ,to his relief1 ,mr4 ,crawford replied3 8,being as it's you1 ,abe1 ,i won't be hard on you4 ,come over and shuck corn for three days and the book is yours40 ,shuck corn for three days for such a book as that6 ,it was nothing6 ,he felt as if ,mr4 ,crawford was making him a wonderful present4 ,after reading the book he often talked about what he was going to do when he grew up4 ,mrs4 ,crawford1 who was very fond of him1 would ask1 8,well1 ,abe1 what do you want to be now80 8,i'll be president10 he would declare4 ,she would laugh at him1 and say1 8,you would make a pretty president with all your tricks and jokes1 wouldn't you80 8,oh1 ,i'll study and get ready1 then the chance will come10 he would reply4 99 99 99 99 99 ,truth is the highest thing a man may keep4 --,cervantes4 ,,iii4 ,the ,young ,storekeeper ,at the age of twenty-one ,abraham ,lincoln became a store clerk for a short time4 ,he was then six feet four inches tall and very strong4 ,he could out-run1 out-jump1 out-wrestle1 and out-fight any man in the rough pioneer country where he lived4 ,while the people respected his great strength1 they liked him still more for his honesty in little things4 ,one evening1 on reckoning up his accounts1 he found that in making change he had taken six cents too much from a customer4 ,on closing the store he immediately walked three miles to the farmhouse where the customer lived and returned the six cents4 ,then he walked the three miles back4 ,on opening the store one morning1 he discovered a four-ounce weight on the scales4 ,he remembered that his last customer the evening before had purchased half a pound of tea4 ,he saw at once that he had given her short weight4 ,he measured out the four ounces still due1 locked the store1 took a long walk to the customer's house1 and explained the shortage4 ,these were little things1 but ,honest ,abe could not rest until he had made them right4 99 99 99 99 99 ,this above all3 to thine own self be true2 ,and it must follow1 as the night the day1 ,thou canst not then be false to any man4 --,shakespeare4 ,illustration ,,dry ,,rain ,,and ,,the ,,hatchet ,i4 ,how ,dry ,rain ,got ,his ,name ,in the ,indian country there was once a great drought4 ,the land was very dry4 ,no rain had fallen for many weeks4 ,the crops and cattle were suffering from thirst4 ,now1 in one of the tribes there was a young ,indian who had a very high opinion of himself4 ,he pretended that he could foretell what was about to happen1 long before it really did happen4 ,so he foretold that on a certain day a high wind would blow up1 bringing with it a great rain-storm with plenty of water for everybody4 ,the day came4 ,sure enough a high wind did blow up1 but it brought only a violent sand-storm without a drop of rain1 and it left the land drier than before4 ,so the ,indians laughed at the young man who foretold before he knew and called him 8,dry ,rain40 ,although he afterwards became a noted chief1 he never lost his name4 ,,ii4 ,dry ,rain ,goes ,trading ,one day1 when he was an old man1 ,dry ,rain rode in from his village to the white man's trading post4 ,the old chief purchased a number of articles1 among them some jack-knives and six hatchets4 ,the hatchets were for his six grandsons4 ,the trader packed all the purchases in a big bundle4 ,dry ,rain paid for them1 mounted his pony1 and rode home to his village4 ,when he opened his package1 he noticed that the trader by mistake had put in seven hatchets4 ,but ,dry ,rain said nothing4 8,that extra one will do for me10 he thought4 8,the white men stole the ,indian's land and never gave it back2 ,i will keep the hatchet40 ,at the same time he did not feel that this would be doing just right4 ,in his wigwam that night he lay half-asleep and half-awake1 thinking about the hatchet4 ,he seemed to hear two voices talking1 in a tone so earnest that it sounded almost quarrelsome4 8,take back the hatchet10 said one voice4 8,it belongs to the white man40 8,no6 do not take it back10 said the other voice4 8,it is right for you to keep it40 ,back and forth the voices argued and argued1 for hours it seemed to the old chief4 8,take it back60 8,keep it60 8,take it back60 8,keep it60 8,take it back60 ,at last he could stand the dispute no longer1 and sat up in bed wide awake4 8,stop talking1 both of you10 he commanded4 8,dry ,rain will take back the hatchet in the morning40 ,then he lay down again1 pulled the blanket over his head1 and was soon fast asleep4 ,at daylight he arose1 mounted his pony1 rode back to the trading post1 and returned the hatchet to the trader4 8,why did you bring it back80 asked the trader4 8,i had not missed it1 and perhaps never should have known you had it40 8,but ,dry ,rain would know10 replied the old chief4 8,the two men inside of him talked and quarreled about it all night6 ,one said1 #8,take it back6' the other said1 #8,no1 keep it4' ,now they will keep still and let him sleep40 ,,questions ,do you think that most white men set the ,indians a good example in being honest8 ,dry ,rain wanted very much to have the extra hatchet1 didn't he8 ,but was he comfortable when he decided to keep it8 ,do you think the white trader would ever have found out8 ,but who would have known8 ,did two voices inside of you ever talk when you were tempted to keep something which didn't belong to you8 ,,memory ,,gems ,truth will ever rise above falsehood1 like oil above water4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for whatever men say in their blindness1 ,and spite of the fancies of youth1 ,there is nothing so kingly as kindness1 ,and nothing so royal as truth6 ,illustration ,,the ,,seven ,,cranberries ,mr4 ,dingle was not looking toward ,helen4 ,he was busy grinding coffee in another part of the store4 ,how pretty the bright red cranberries looked6 ,helen wished she had some4 ,her little hand crept over the edge of the barrel1 and very quickly seven bright shining cranberries were in ,helen's pocket4 8,what can ,i get for you1 little girl80 asked the storekeeper4 8,a pound of butter1 please10 ,helen answered4 ,she did not look him in the eye2 instead1 she looked out of the window4 ,it took ,helen but a short time to reach home4 ,she laid the butter on the table and put the seven cranberries in a cup4 8,aren't they pretty60 she whispered4 8,i think ,i'll play they are marbles40 ,she found a piece of chalk and drew a circle on the floor4 ,then she began the game4 8,what pretty bright cranberries60 exclaimed her mother coming into the room4 8,where did you get them1 dear80 ,how ,helen wished that her mother had not asked that question4 8,did ,mr4 ,dingle give them to you80 her mother asked4 ,how ,helen wished she could say yes6 8,but after all10 she thought1 8that was not stealing1 so ,i'll just tell mother4 ,she knows ,i would not steal40 8,no1 mother10 she answered1 shaking her head4 8,i took them out of the barrel40 8,you did60 exclaimed her mother4 8,why1 my dear1 did you not know that was wrong80 8,i didn't take many--only seven10 ,helen said2 8and ,mr4 ,dingle had thousands and thousands of them60 8,come here1 dear1 and sit on my knee10 said her mother4 8,i want to ask you something40 ,when ,helen came she asked1 8,when you took the cranberries1 was ,mr4 ,dingle looking toward you80 8,no1 he was busy10 answered ,helen4 8,would you have taken them if he had been looking at you80 ,helen hung her head4 8,i do not think you would1 dear10 said her mother4 8,of course1 you did not think for a moment of stealing from ,mr4 ,dingle40 8,i will never do such a thing again1 mother10 promised the little girl4 8,i am sorry40 8,are you sorry enough to take those berries back1 and tell ,mr4 ,dingle what you did80 asked her mother4 ,that was quite different from being sorry in their own kitchen4 8,oh1 mother1 ,i don't want to do that60 said ,helen1 tears coming into her eyes4 8,that is because you are ashamed1 ,helen10 said her mother2 8but ,i hope you will always be brave enough to do the right thing40 8,will you go with me to the store1 mother80 asked ,helen4 8,no10 said her mother1 8,i want you to go by yourself4 ,but ,i can help you this much3 ,i can telephone ,mr4 ,dingle that you are coming40 ,helen sighed4 8,i wish ,i had been1 and was back again10 she said1 picking up the pretty berries4 8,well1 well60 said ,mr4 ,dingle1 when ,helen handed him the berries1 8it takes a pretty brave girl to own up4 ,if you were a boy1 little girl1 ,i would ask you to come and work for me this next vacation40 ,,questions ,why do you think ,helen felt so uncomfortable when she was asking for the butter1 and later when her mother asked her where she got the cranberries8 ,do you suppose ,mr4 ,dingle would ever have known about the seven cranberries8 ,but who would always have known8 ,why was it that ,helen did not think taking the cranberries was really 8stealing08 ,what did ,helen's mother think about it8 ,what do you think about taking even the smallest thing that doesn't belong to you8 99 99 99 99 99 ,we sow a thought and reap an act2 ,we sow an act and reap a habit2 ,we sow a habit and reap a character2 ,we sow a character and reap a destiny4 --,thackeray4 ,illustration ,,the ,,donkey',s ,,tail 8,can you see80 asked ,hilda ,wells1 as she tied the handkerchief over ,fred ,warren's eyes4 8,you might make it a little tighter10 answered ,fred4 ,so ,hilda tightened the blindfolder4 8,now1 we'll turn you around three times1 start you straight1--and you pin the tail on the donkey10 she said4 ,the 8donkey0 was a large picture of that animal fastened to the wall at the opposite side of the room4 ,it was minus its paper tail1 which ,fred held in his hand4 8,don't you peep60 cried all the children4 8,we'll see if he can do better than ,i did60 declared ,frank ,bennett4 ,so far the prize belonged to ,frank4 ,fred's turn came last4 ,after being turned around three times1 ,fred walked straight up to the picture and pinned the tail exactly in place4 8,oh1 ,frank1 that is better than you did by two inches60 said ,hilda4 8,fred gets the prize60 cried the excited children1 as ,fred pulled off the handkerchief4 ,then little ,marie1 ,hilda's sister1 handed him a pearl-handled penknife4 ,fred made little of his prize1 and as soon as the children stopped examining it1 slipped it into his pocket4 ,after that1 ,mrs4 ,wells served ice-cream and cakes4 ,oh the way home ,frank asked ,fred to let him see the prize4 8,it is a beauty of a knife1 ,fred10 said he4 8,until you tried1 ,i thought ,i should be the winner40 ,fred muttered something about having too many knives already4 ,frank opened his eyes wide in surprise4 8,too many60 he exclaimed4 8,i wish ,i had too many6 ,i've never had more than one1 and that was father's when he was a boy40 8,good night1 ,frank10 said ,fred1 suddenly swinging into a side street4 8,i am going to take a short cut home40 8,good night1 ,fred10 called ,frank4 8,that's a queer way for a fellow to act10 he thought1 as he walked on alone4 8,i wonder what is the matter with him40 ,suddenly he heard footsteps1 and in a moment ,fred had caught up with him4 8,here1 take it1 ,i don't want another knife10 he said1 thrusting the prize into ,frank's hand4 8,oh--oh1 ,i don't want your knife60 exclaimed ,frank4 8,well1 ,i don't want it1 either60 said ,fred4 8,it belongs to you1 anyway2 and ,i believe you know it6 ,i am almost certain you could see me peeping from under that handkerchief60 8,i was not quite sure10 said ,frank2 8not sure enough to say anything about it1 anyway40 8,well1 if you don't keep the knife ,i'll throw it into the river10 said ,fred1 running away as fast as he could4 ,illustration ,,hurting ,a ,,good ,,friend ,this is the story of a boy who ruined a good book4 ,a good book is always a good friend4 ,he did not mean to--oh1 no6 ,but what of that--he did it1 as you may read4 ,his name was ,max ,green4 ,one day ,max borrowed a book from ,tom ,brown1 a fine new book with a picture of a submarine on the cover4 ,tom had just received it as a birthday present from his uncle4 ,that night ,max sat down in a corner to read it4 ,soon he came to the place where the submarine was getting ready to fire a torpedo4 8,squeak60 went the book1 as ,max gave it a twist in his excitement4 ,he did not hear the sound2 he only saw the torpedo skimming through the water4 8,crack60 went the book1 as ,max gave it a heavier twist4 ,he did not notice that he was bending the covers farther back4 ,he only knew that the torpedo was striking the bow of a big man-of-war4 8,rip60 went the book down the middle1 as ,max gave it a harder twist with his hand4 ,but ,max read right on1 for just then the man-of-war lurched over on its side as if it was getting ready to sink4 ,in his excitement ,max forgot all about what he was doing and twisted and bent the book back1 cover to cover4 8,stop--quick--oh6 oh6 ,it hurts6 ,you have broken my back--broken my back6 ,oh6--oh60 cried the book4 ,suddenly ,max woke up and saw what he had done--but it was too late4 ,he had broken the glue and stitches apart and the covers hung limp4 ,just then his mother came in4 8,look1 mother--see what ,i have done to ,tom ,brown's book10 he confessed4 8,i am so sorry4 ,it is such a good book4 ,can't we glue it together again80 8,no10 said his mother1 8it is ruined4 ,glue may help1 but it will never be the same book40 8,oh1 ,i am so sorry60 said ,max4 8,yes1 ,max1 but being sorry will not make this book as good as it was when you borrowed it40 8,i will make it right with ,tom1 mother4 ,i will take my birthday money to buy him a new one40 8,that is the right thing to do1 ,max10 answered his mother4 ,,questions ,how is a good book a good friend8 ,suppose it had been his own book that ,max ruined1 would he have been treating it fairly8 ,if you were a book1 how would you want to be treated8 ,do you know what holds a book together8 ,tell what you know about the way a book is made4 ,why should we be so careful of books8 ,,memory ,,gem ,for every evil under the sun1 ,there is a remedy1 or there is none4 ,if there be one1 try to find it2 ,if there be none1 never mind it4 ,illustration ,a ,,school ,,without ,a ,,teacher ,what ,might ,happen if ,books and ,bells ,could ,talk ,the little schoolhouse was painted white1 with green shutters4 ,over the front gable was a little old-fashioned belfry4 ,in it swung a little old-fashioned school bell1 for this was a country district school1 with scarcely a house in sight4 ,one bright ,september morning1 the opening day of school1 forty or fifty noisy children were drawn up in line1 waiting for the bell to stop ringing4 ,when the bell stopped1 the children marched inside and took their seats facing the teacher's desk4 8,order60 tapped the desk bell1 and the room was suddenly still4 ,the pupils looked to see who had tapped the bell1 for the teacher was nowhere to be seen4 ,they saw the new school-books piled on the platform and on the teacher's desk--but where was the teacher8 8,i am the new ,spelling ,book1 full of hard words10 said the top book of the pile of spellers on the right-hand side of the platform4 8,i am the new ,reader1 full of good stories10 announced the top one of a stack of readers on the left-hand side of the platform4 ,the pupils were startled4 ,it was so quiet you could hear the clock tick4 8,i am the new ,arithmetic1 full of problems harder to crack than the hickory nuts in the woods10 spoke up a book on the teacher's desk2 8but why don't you find your teacher80 ,no one answered4 ,the children only sat half-frightened1 wondering what would happen next4 8,i am the new ,language ,book10 declared another book in the row on the teacher's desk2 8but who will teach you your mother tongue80 ,everyone was still4 ,only the clock ticked on4 8,i am the ,geography2 in my pages are maps of all countries4 ,who will give you permission to look80 ,it was the largest book of all that asked this question4 ,the pupils stared opened-eyed over the desk at the teacher's empty chair4 ,they saw nothing but a sunbeam coming in through the window--full of particles of shining dust4 8,there must be somebody hiding10 spoke up one boy who could stand the strain no longer4 8,i am going to see10 said another boy braver than the rest4 ,getting up1 he looked behind the desk and in the closet1 but nothing was to be seen1 not even a mouse4 8,let us go out and look for the teacher10 he cried4 ,with one accord they ran pell-mell out the door into the playground4 ,an automobile was coming up the road at top speed4 8,good morning1 boys and girls10 the new teacher called1 as the machine pulled up4 8,good morning1 teacher10 they answered crowding about her4 8,i am sorry to be late the first day of school4 ,there was some trouble at ,rockland and the train was delayed4 ,mr4 ,jones drove me over40 8,we are glad you are here10 said an older girl as the machine drove off4 8,we went in and took our seats at nine o'clock1 thinking you would come at any minute4 ,all at once something began to talk4 #8,i am the ,speller full of hard words2 ,i am the ,arithmetic2 ,i am the ,reader2 ,i am the ,geography2 where is your teacher8' the voices said4 ,at first we thought somebody was hiding1 but we could not find anyone4 ,then we got frightened and ran out40 8,well1 isn't that strange80 said the teacher laughing4 8,we will go in and see40 ,together they trooped into the schoolroom4 ,they looked everywhere2 nothing had been moved2 everything was just as usual4 ,the teacher tapped the bell and everyone took a seat4 8,well1 children10 she said smiling1 8we have already learned a very important lesson this morning1 and that is that every school must have a teacher60 ,,questions ,teachers ,pupils ,what should a school have8 ,books ,schoolhouse ,what other persons or things should a school have8 ,can you have a school without a teacher8 ,why is the teacher so important8 ,obedient ,clean ,orderly ,what should the pupils be8 ,courteous ,helpful ,punctual ,anxious to learn4 ,what else should ,respectful to all connected with school4 the pupils be8 ,respectful to principal1 to teacher1 to janitor1 to other children4 ,,memory ,,gems ,one rule to guide us in our life ,is always good and true2 ',tis1 do to others as you would ,that they should do to you4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if wisdom's ways you'd wisely seek1 ,five things observe with care2 ,of whom you speak1 to whom to speak1 ,and how1 and when1 and where4 99 99 99 99 99 ,prize your friend for her own true heart1 ,though her dress be poor and mean2 ,the years1 like a fairy wand1 may change ,cinderella to a queen4 ,,our ,,flag ',tis the ,star-,spangled ,banner1 oh1 long may it wave ,o'er the land of the free1 and the home of the brave4 ,as you came to school this morning1 did you look up at your flag floating from the top of the flag pole8 ,didn't it look beautiful1 waving and rippling in the sunshine against the blue sky8 ,i wonder if you have ever thought about what it means8 ,illustration ,you know flags are signs or emblems1 and they all have a meaning4 ,there is no reading on our ,american flag1 yet everyone knows what it means as certainly as if there were letters all over it4 ,illustration ,our flag means that the ,united ,states of ,america is the ,land of the ,free1 and our government stands for3 ,liberty and justice for everybody2 ,education for all children2 ,protection to all ,americans at home or abroad4 ,that is the reason so many people come to this country from countries where they do not have such help from the government4 ,we ,americans are very thankful for what our flag means4 ,if we are good ,americans we shall live up to every one of the following duties3 ,to be true and faithful citizens2 ,to do our part to carry out the laws of the government2 ,to give1 if necessary1 our lives to protect our flag4 ,,scouts' ,,pledge ,i pledge allegiance to my flag and to the republic for which it stands2 one nation indivisible1 with liberty and justice for all4 ,illustration ,,my ,,gift ,i give my head1 my heart1 my hand to ,god and my country2 one country1 one language1 one flag4,a ,,flag ,,day ,june #ad is the anniversary of the adoption of the flag1 and that date is celebrated in many states as ,flag ,day4 ,we can honor our flag ,by living for it2 ,by keeping our own honor bright2 ,by being brave2 7,red stands for valor47 ,by being clean2 7,white stands for purity47 ,by being just2 7,blue stands for justice47 ,by being loyal2 ,by being ready to die for it1 if we are called upon4 ,our state has one star in the blue of the flag4 ,how shall we honor our star8 ,how shall we show respect for our country and our flag8 ,since our flag means so much to us1 we should respect it and love it with all our hearts4 ,when the flag passes in a parade1 people should1 if walking1 halt2 or if sitting1 rise and stand at attention and uncover4 ,illustration ,the flag should never be allowed to drag on the ground nor be left out after dark4 ,did you know that it must never be used as an old rag8 ,you see no matter how old or torn a flag becomes1 it is still our flag and must be loved and honored always4 99 99 99 99 99 ,my country6 'tis of thee1 ,sweet land of liberty1 ,of thee ,i sing2 ,land where my fathers died6 ,land of the ,pilgrim's pride6 ,from every mountain side ,let freedom ring6 99 99 99 99 99 8,america is another name for ,opportunity40 ,what do you understand by that8 ,illustration3 ,,what ,,does ,,this ,,picture ,,of ,,an ,,open ,,gateway ,,bring ,,to ,,your ,,mind8 ,,footnote3 ,a ,at the word flag give the salute by raising the right hand to the forehead4 ,illustration ,,how ,,our ,,flag ,,developed ,the thirteen stripes in our flag represent the thirteen original colonies4 ,every star in the field of blue represents a state--8,a star for every state1 and a state for every star40 ,the flag brings a picture to our minds of all the things we are grateful for in our history1 and of all the things we want our country and ourselves to be4 ,,questions ,what does our flag mean8 ,are you not glad that you live in a country where all the people rule1 instead of any one person or just a few people8 ,can you repeat the ,scouts' ,pledge8 7,standing47 ,who was ,betsy ,ross8 ,can you form a tableau like the picture of ,betsy ,ross sewing the ,american ,flag8 ,isn't it almost as brave to live up to the red1 white1 and blue as to die for our colors8 ,why is our nation's flag always hung higher in this country than the flag of any other nation8 ,will you bring pictures of the flags of some other countries to class8 ,do you think any other flag more beautiful than ours8 ,will you try to do all you can to honor our flag1 and never to let the star of your state grow dimmer because of any act of yours8 99 99 99 99 99 ,hats off6 ,along the street there comes ,a blare of bugles1 a ruffle of drums1 ,a flash of color beneath the sky3 ,hats off6 ,the flag is passing by6 --,h4 ,h4 ,bennett4 ,,the ,,flag ,,of ,,the ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,illustration ,i belong to this flag2 ,this flag belongs to me1 ,because brave men have lived and died ,to set its people free2 ,there are other flags in other lands1 ,and more upon the sea1 ,but the flag to-day of the ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,is the flag for you and me4 ,if ,i belong to this flag1 ,and this flag belongs to me1 ,i'll live or die1 if there is need1 ,to keep its people free2 ,no other flag has braver men1 ,either on land or sea1 ,than the flag to-day of the ,u4 ,s4 ,a4-- ,the flag for you and me4 --,j4 ,e4 ,f4 ,,the ,,american ,,flag ,when ,freedom from her mountain height ,unfurled her standard to the air1 ,she tore the azure robe of night1 ,and set the stars of glory there3 ,she mingled with her gorgeous dyes ,the milky baldric of the skies1 ,and striped its pure celestial white ,with streakings of the morning light2 ,then1 from his mansion in the sun1 ,she called her eagle-bearer down1 ,and gave into his mighty hand ,the symbol of her chosen land6 99 99 99 99 99 ,flag of the free heart's hope and home6 ,by angel hands to valor given6 ,thy stars have lit the welkin dome1 ,and all thy hues were born in heaven4 ,forever float that standard sheet6 ,where breathes the foe but falls before us1 ,with ,freedom's soil beneath our feet1 ,and ,freedom's banner streaming o'er us6 --,joseph ,rodman ,drake4 ,,stories ,,teaching ,,kindness ,,to ,,animals ,illustration ,,the ,,true ,,story ,,of ,,cheesey ,i4 ,the ,dog and the ,policeman ,one snowy day shortly after ,christmas1 when carefully picking my way over the crossing at ,market ,street ,ferry in ,philadelphia1 ,i almost ran into a big policeman4 ,just back of the big policeman was a little dog1 and just back of the little dog was a little dog-house1 and just back of the dog-house was a beautiful ,christmas tree4 ,wouldn't it have made you stop in surprise to see a dog-house in the middle of the busiest street in your city or town8 ,wouldn't you have wondered why the big policeman had the little dog1 and why the little dog had such a nice house there8 ,and wouldn't you have wondered and wondered whether the ,christmas tree belonged to the dog or to the big policeman8 ,it made me so curious that ,i did just as you would have liked to do--,i asked the policeman to tell me the story4 ,,ii4 ,the ,policeman's ,story 8,good morning1 ,mr4 ,burke10 ,i said1 for ,i knew the officer's name4 8,will you tell me about the little dog80 8,why10 answered the policeman with a smile1 8don't you know about ,cheesey8 ,come here1 ,cheesey1 the lady wants to see you60 ,cheesey looked up at the speaker and wagged his tail4 8,cheesey was born on ,race ,street pier10 went on the policeman4 8,nobody knows how he got his living after his mother died2 but one thing is sure1 he was not treated very kindly by the men who loaded the boats and swept the wharves4 ,to this day ,cheesey growls at the sight of one of those men4 8,after a while ,cheesey found a little playmate1 but the playmate was run over by a fire engine4 ,all night long ,cheesey lay in the spot where his little mate had been killed4 8,weary and lonely and hungry1 he crept back to the old cheerless corner of ,race ,street pier1 which was the only place he knew as home4 8,there he lay with his head on his paws1 not noticing anything until one of the men kicked him out of the way4 8,cheesey ran out of the pier and down ,delaware ,avenue1 not knowing where he was going2 but he went just the right way1 for he ran into ,officer ,weigner1 one of the four of us who watch this crossing4 8,he spoke kindly to the little fellow1 and gave him something to eat4 8,from that time1 ,cheesey seemed to think he belonged to the policemen on this crossing4 ,then we gave him his name40 ,,iii4 ,cheesey's ,christmas ,presents 8,cheesey had no place to sleep10 went on the policeman after seeing some people safely across the street1 8except on a pile of bags in the ferry house4 ,he seemed so cold that ,i asked ,charley1 one of the workmen in the ferry1 if he could not knock together some packing boxes for the little fellow4 8,charley did the best he could1 but ,i must say he made a sorry looking dog-house4 8,one day1 just before ,christmas while ,i was on duty1 ,mr4 ,sheip1 of the ,sheip ,box ,factory1 happened to notice the box ,charley had knocked together4 8#8,well1 well1' he said1 #8is that the best you fellows can do8' 8#8,why1 ,mr4 ,sheip1' ,i replied1 #8we are not box-makers1 you know4' 8#8,that's so6' he said4 #8,i'll have a dog-house made in the factory6' and on ,christmas day this beauty of a dog-house came4 ,have you noticed the label on it80 ,i read the painted black letters on the large white label3 ---------------------------- ,merry ,christmas to ,cheesey from ,officers ,burke1 ,dougherty1 ,kunzig1 and ,weigner4 ---------------------------- 8,it pleased us so10 went on the officer1 8that we bought a ,christmas tree and many people helped us trim it4 8,a good many people brought presents for ,cheesey4 ,one lady from ,camden brought a feather pillow2 another lady brought a piece of meat4 ,that dog could have seventeen meals a day if he could hold them--couldn't you1 ,cheesey80 ,the little dog wagged his tail1 turned around twice1 then went into his house4 ,after thanking the officer ,i went on my way1 made happier for all my life because of the true story of ,cheesey4 ,,the ,,chained ,,dog ',twas only a dog in a kennel1 ,and little the noise he made1 ,but it seemed to me1 as ,i heard it1 ,i knew what that old dog said3 8,another long day to get over6 ,will nobody loosen my chain1 ,just for a run in the meadow1 ,then fasten me up again80 --,selected4 ,through life it's been a comfort to me-- ,my little dog's loving sympathy4 ,,questions ,do you think the officers were repaid by knowing they had made ,cheesey happy8 ,does ,cheesey remind you a little of ,cinderella8 ,who were the fairies in ,cheesey's life8 ,what might have happened to ,cheesey if the officers had not been kind8 ,did you ever own a dog8 ,can you tell some story showing your dog's intelligence or bravery8 ,what is the kindest thing to do for an animal which is suffering if you cannot take care of it or feed it8 ,do you know the address of the ,s4 ,p4 ,c4 ,a4 in your city8 ,did you know that sometimes dogs are thought to be mad when they are only very thirsty8 ,sometimes dogs have been treated unfairly and are cross2 so it is best not to pat a strange dog's head4 ,do you realize that a dog is the only animal which makes people its companions and playmates8 ,how should we treat dogs8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,memory ,,gem ,if ,i can stop one heart from breaking1 ,i shall not live in vain2 ,if ,i can ease one life the aching1 or cool one pain1 ,or help one fainting robin to its nest again1 ,i shall not live in vain4 ,illustration ,,little ,,lost ,,pup ,he was lost6--not a shade of doubt of that2 ,for he never barked at a slinking cat1 ,but stood in the square where the wind blew raw1 ,with drooping ear and a trembling paw1 ,and a mournful look in his pleading eye1 ,and a plaintive sniff at the passerby1 ,that begged as plain as tongue could sue1 8,oh1 mister1 please may ,i follow you80 ,a lorn wee waif of tawny brown ,adrift in the roar of a heedless town4 ,oh1 the saddest of sights in a world of sin ,is a little lost pup with his tail tucked in4 ,well1 he won my heart 7for ,i set great store ,on my own red ,brute--who is here no more71 ,so ,i whistled clear1 and he trotted up1 ,and who so glad as that small pup8 ,now he shares my board1 and he owns my bed1 ,and he fairly shouts when he hears my tread4 ,then1 if things go wrong1 as they sometimes do1 ,and the world is cold and ,i'm feeling blue1 ,he asserts his rights to assuage my woes ,with a warm red tongue and a nice cold nose1 ,and a silky head on my arm or knee1 ,and a paw as soft as a paw can be4 ,when we rove the woods for a league about1 ,he's as full of pranks as a school let out2 ,for he romps and frisks like a three-months' colt ,and he runs me down like a thunder bolt4 ,oh1 the blithest of sights in the world so fair ,is a gay little pup with his tail in the air6 --,arthur ,guiterman4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,picture ,,of ,,red ,,cross ,,army ,,dogs--,,wonderful ,,dogs ,,of ,,mercy4 ,,such ,,dogs ,,have ,,rescued ,,thousands ,,of ,,wounded ,,and ,,helpless ,,soldiers4 ,,how ,,should ,,intelligent ,,animals ,,like ,,these ,,be ,,treated8 ,illustration3 ,,can ,,you ,,tell ,a ,,story ,,about ,,this ,,brave ,,dog8 ,illustration3 ,,what ,,would ,,the ,,big ,,dog ,,say ,,if ,,he ,,could ,,talk8 ,,write ,a ,,story ,,about ,,this ,,picture4 ,,the ,,hunting ,,party ,mrs4 ,pussy1 sleek and fat1 ,with her kittens four1 ,went to sleep upon a mat ,by the kitchen door4 ,mrs4 ,pussy heard a noise2 ,up she sprang in glee4 8,kittens1 maybe it's a mouse-- ,let us go and see40 ,creeping1 creeping1 soft and low1 ,silently they stole1 ,but the little mouse had crept ,back into its hole4 8,well10 said ,mrs4 ,pussy then1 8,homeward let us go2 ,we shall find our supper there1 ,that ,i surely know40 ,home went hungry ,mrs4 ,puss ,with her kittens four1 ,found their supper on a plate ,by the kitchen door4 --,selected4 ,,questions ,what do you think of people who do not care for and feed the cats they own8 ,do you know that a cat that is well cared for1 and kept in the house at night is not likely to catch birds1 because cats catch birds in the early morning and at twilight8 ,what do you think of people who move away from a place and leave their cats behind8 ,what will become of the cats8 ,what should people do with cats they do not care to take away8 ,do you know where the nearest ,s4 ,p4 ,c4 ,a4 office is8 ,what good service does the cat do for people8 ,why are rats and mice dangerous to our health8 ,how many toes has a cat on front paws8 ,on back paws8 ,which way does the fur lie on the under side of the legs8 ,,the ,,lost ,,kitty ,stealing to an open door1 craving food and meat1 ,frightened off with angry cries and broomed into the street2 ,tortured1 teased1 and chased by dogs1 through the lonely night1 ,homeless little beggar cat1 sorry is your plight4 --,ella ,wheeler ,wilcox4 ,,questions ,if you cannot care for or feed a stray cat1 what is the kindest thing to do8 ,how does it save the birds to see that stray cats either are given a home or are taken to a cat refuge8 ,,my ,,peculiar ,,kitty ,illustration ,i have a little kitty1 ,just as cute as she can be2 ,but my6 she is peculiar6 ,for she eats her catnip tea6 ,after every meal she eats ,she tidies up her head1 ,and washes carefully enough2-- ,but she never makes her bed6 ,i'm told a kitty cannot talk1 ,but my kitty every day ,tells me that she loves me ,when we are at our play6 ,yes1 she tells me very plainly ,and ,i will tell you how1-- ,i ask1 8,who thinks a lot of me80 ,she answers1 8,me6 ,me--ow60 --,j4 ,e4 ,f4 ,,poor ,,little ,,jocko ,i4 ,on the porch of a comfortable old house1 shaded by fine trees1 a group of young girls were gathered around a small table1 sewing4 ,suddenly the harsh notes of a hand-organ came to their ears1 disturbing the peaceful stillness of the summer afternoon4 ,marion ,johnson1 who was visiting her cousins1 laid aside her work and listened4 8,why1 ,i do believe it is the very same man that came to our town a week ago10 she exclaimed4 8,he had with him a poor1 miserable looking monkey1 which he called ,jocko40 ,just then they saw the organ-grinder1 with the monkey perched on the1 organ1 coming up the village street4 ,seeing the girls on the porch1 he turned up the walk4 8,i think ,i shall call ,aunt ,kate10 remarked ,marion1 rising and going into the house4 ,aunt ,kate could always be depended upon to help any dumb creature needing a friend4 ,aunt ,kate's face lost its usual look of quiet good humor1 as she glanced over the porch railing and saw a tall swarthy man at the foot of the steps1 carelessly turning the handle of a small squeaky organ4 ,keeping time to the music1 a weak little monkey danced very wearily4 ,when his steps dragged he was brought up quickly with a sharp jerking of the chain which was fastened to his collar4 ,a cap was held on his head by a tight rubber band which passed under the chin4 ,his gaudy dress was heavy and warm and seemed to weigh down his tired limbs4 ,now and then1 when he dared1 ,jocko laid a tiny brown hand on the tugging chain in an effort to ease it4 ,with an appealing look he glanced up at his master1 as if trying to make him understand how painfully the collar was cutting his thin neck4 ,,ii4 ,aunt ,kate's mild blue eyes almost flashed as she motioned to the organ-grinder to stop playing4 8,you no lika music80 he asked brokenly1 glancing up at her in some surprise4 8,yes1 that is right10 she answered1 speaking very slowly and distinctly4 8,we do not like the music2 and we do not like to see that poor monkey dance2 and1 above all1 we do not like to see you hurting his neck by pulling that chain40 ,illustration ,the look of sullen anger which came over the man's face quickly disappeared when he saw the coin in ,aunt ,kate's hand4 8,i will give you this10 she said1 holding up the piece of money1 8if you will stay here and let ,jocko rest for one hour40 ,the organ-grinder smiled and sat down on the steps as a sign of agreement4 ,at first1 ,jocko could scarcely believe that he might rest his weary little legs and feet4 ,after a while1 however1 he threw himself at full length upon the porch floor as some worn out child might have done4 ,marion was left on guard to see that he was not disturbed when the others went to get food4 ,when they returned they found ,jocko resting on a soft cushion1 a comfort his little body had never known before4 ,only after being promised more money did the organ-grinder permit ,marion to take off ,jocko's hard leather collar1 underneath which she had discovered sores4 ,she bandaged the tiny neck with soft linen spread with salve4 ,she took off his cap1 too1 with its tight-cutting band4 ,when water was brought1 ,jocko drank with pitiful eagerness4 ,many hours had passed since he had had a drink1 and his throat and lips were parched4 ,he ate the food they offered him like a wild creature1 for he was very hungry4 ,every once in a while he would glance at the organ-grinder as though he feared punishment4 ,when the hour was up1 the organ-grinder would stay no longer4 ,as his master led him away1 ,jocko lifted his hat1 just as if he wanted to thank ,aunt ,kate and the girls for their kindness4 8,i never knew before10 said ,marion1 8how cruel it is to expect little monkeys to live such unnatural lives4 ,i do hope the man will be more kind to ,jocko after this40 --,mary ,craige ,yarrow--,adapted4 ,,questions ,why didn't the girls and their aunt like to see the little monkey dance8 ,what did they enjoy seeing it do8 ,have you ever been very1 very tired8 ,can you imagine how you would feel if some giant would not let you rest8 ,what kind of life is natural for monkeys8 ,did you ever give a penny to an organ-grinder with a monkey8 ,if everyone stopped giving money to men who use monkeys for begging1 how would it help the little monkeys8 ,,robin ,,redbreast 8,cheer up6 ,cheer up60 sings ,robin ,redbreast every morning4 8,listen to me6 ,listen to me6 ,oh1 excuse me6 ,i see1 ,i see a feast60 and down he hops1 hops1 hops to the spot where he sees a nice fat worm wiggling out of the ground4 ,perhaps it is an earthworm1 perhaps it is a worse worm2 but if it is an earthworm1 you will have fun watching ,robin4 ,he seizes the worm with his bill1 then braces his feet against the earth1 and pulls and pulls with all his might4 ,out comes the worm with such a jerk that ,robin almost topples over2 but he doesn't4 ,he either eats the worm or flies away with it to his hungry little birdies4 ,down he drops it into one of the wide open mouths in the nest4 ,do you know how many earthworms one baby robin can eat in one day8 ,a man who loves birds once counted the worms that one pair of robins fed to their little ones1 and found that each little robin ate sixty-eight earthworms in one day4 ,sixty-eight earthworms if placed end to end would measure about fourteen feet4 ,just think what busy lives ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,robin ,redbreast live1 and how they love their little ones4 ,robins eat many other kinds of worms besides earthworms1 and they eat insects1 too4 ,they work hard to feed their babies1 and in this way they do a wonderful thing for us1 for the insects they eat would destroy the plants which we need4 ,you know bread really grows on tall grasses called wheat and rye1 and oatmeal grows on a grass called oats4 ,there are millions of insects which like wheat and rye and oats as much as we do1 and they would eat up all the crops if it were not for the birds that eat the insects4 ,now you can see why we call the birds our friends4 ,,who ,,killed ,,cock ,,robin8 ,who killed ,cock ,robin8 ,no2 it was not the sparrow with a bow and arrow4 ,no--more likely a boy with an air rifle killed him1 or a man with a gun who did not know what a wicked thing he was doing4 ,he did not know that he had killed one of his best friends4 ,he did not know that without the work of beautiful ,robin ,redbreast and other birds the world might go hungry4 ,what if robins do eat a few cherries8 ,they like mulberries better4 ,a wise farmer plants a ,russian mulberry tree for the robins1 and the mulberries save the cherries4 ,,questions ,do you know that millions of men and boys hunt and kill birds 8for fun0 every year8 ,do you know that millions of birds are killed each year to be used in trimming women's hats8 ,how many different birds can you name8 ,can you tell the kinds of food each of them eats8 ,do you know what kinds of nests they build8 ,what do you think of people who kill robins8 ,have you ever placed food in a sheltered place for birds in winter when it is hard for them to find a living8 ,illustration ,,my ,,friend1 ,,mr4 ,,robin ,when ,i was only about six years of age1 a ,robin ,redbreast that we used to feed got so tame that he would fly in through the window to our breakfast table4 ,in the spring he delighted us by bringing a small family of ,roblings to the window sill of the room as if to introduce them to the people who had helped him through the hard winter6 ,another special bird that ,i remember was a one-legged sparrow that used to be among the birds that came when we were living in ,bucking-ham-shire4 ,we always called him 8,timber-toes40 ,he came to us for two or three winters1 so that1 even with but one leg1 he must have picked up a living somehow4 --,little ,folks4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,a ,,winter ,,menu ,,for ,,birds ,crumbs of bread swept off the breakfast table4 ,morsels of fish and meat4 ,bones hung on strings from tree branches4 ,strips of bacon rind cut up into small bits4 ,small seeds of any kind4 7,these may be gathered in summer and saved47 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,questions ,did you ever make a house for a little house wren8 ,little ,jenny ,wren is looking for a house every spring4 ,she is a very friendly neighbor4 ,why not make her a house with a doorway too small for ,mrs4 ,sparrow to squeeze through8 ,make the opening only one inch wide4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the meadow lark is one of our very helpful birds4 ,do you know the colors of the meadow lark's feathers8 ,,if ,,all ,,the ,,birds ,,should ,,die ,now1 ,i want to tell you something that is worth knowing4 ,it is this4 ,if all the birds in the world should die1 all the boys and girls in the world would have to die also4 ,there would not be one boy or girl left alive2 they would all die of starvation4 ,and the reason is this4 ,most small birds live on insects2 they eat millions and millions of insects4 ,if there were no birds1 the insects would increase so that they would eat up all vegetation4 ,the cattle1 and horses1 and sheep1 and swine1 and poultry would all die1 and we should have to die also4 ,now1 what ,i want all of you to remember1 is that every time you kill one of these little insect-eating birds1 it means that thousands of insects the bird would have eaten are going to live to torment us2 and every time you take an egg from one of these little birds' nests1 that means one less bird to eat the insects4 ,i do not like mosquitoes and insects4 ,i think it is better that the birds should live and eat the insects1 than that the birds should die and the insects eat us4 --,george ,t4 ,angell4 ,,questions ,if a bird in a cage could speak1 what do you think it would say8 ,can it tell you when it has no drinking water8 ,do you know that thirst is worse than hunger8 ,do you know that a person can do without food much longer than without water8 ,what do birds do for farmers8 ,what do they do for you8 ,don't you think it would be foolish to destroy them8 ,do you think it right to keep wild birds in cages8 ,why not8 ,did you ever notice the beautiful doves or pigeons in the city8 ,why are they so tame8 99 99 99 99 99 ,don't rob the birds of their eggs1 boys1 ',tis cruel and heartless and wrong2 ,and remember1 by breaking an egg1 boys1 ,we may lose a bird with a song4 ,illustration ,,furry ,my house is in a little grove of oak trees4 ,every winter ,i feed several gray squirrels with nuts4 ,every day about noon a big father squirrel comes and scratches on my kitchen window4 ,there he sits on the sill1 watching with bright eyes until ,i open the window and throw out some nuts4 ,the more timid squirrels are seated on the ground looking up at the window4 ,they catch the nuts and scamper away with them up to the tops of the trees4 ,but not ,furry4 ,he takes nuts from my hands1 and holding them in his little finger-claws1 gnaws away the shell faster than ,i can count ten4 ,he acts quite like a little pig sometimes1 for he asks for more than he needs4 ,what do you think he does with them8 ,he jumps down with one in his mouth and starts to dig4 ,as soon as the hole is deep enough to suit him he buries the nut1 packing the earth carefully over it to make it look as though the ground had not been disturbed4 ,then back he comes for another nut4 ,if all the nuts he plants were acorns and he should forget to come and find half of them when he is hungry--how big my oak forest would be6 ,illustration ,,questions ,i4 ,have you ever fed a squirrel8 ,where have you seen the largest number together8 ,why were they not afraid8 ,how do mother squirrels carry their babies from one place to another8 ,how do mother cats carry their babies8 ,if mothers did not love their babies so much1 what would happen to all animals and people8 ,do we have to thank squirrels for some of our trees8 ,why8 ,,ii4 ,did you ever wish your doll or rocking horse were alive8 ,could anyone make them live8 ,isn't being alive the most wonderful thing you can think of8 ,doesn't it make you glad to think of the little wild things living in the out-of-doors8 ,name some of the animals living in the woods4 ,would the country be as pleasant without them8 ,why should you dislike to hurt any of them8 ,,iii4 ,do you know that if people do not stop hunting wild ducks1 mountain sheep1 deer1 and other animals they may all be killed8 ,did you ever see a reindeer8 ,did you notice its beautiful eyes8 ,would it be fun to fight a baby8 ,are not many animals as helpless as babies when they are hunted8 ,don't you think it is cowardly to shoot little helpless animals 8for fun08 ,illustration ,,the ,,grocer',s ,,horse ,i4 ,the ,careless ,driver ,it was the week before ,christmas4 ,everybody was ordering all sorts of good things to be sent home 8just as soon as possible40 ,the grocer's boy1 ,john1 was on duty early4 ,soon many baskets were filled with orders to be delivered4 ,the horse was hurried out of the stable before he had quite finished his breakfast1 and ,john soon had the baskets piled into the wagon4 8,be lively1 now10 the grocer said4 8,get back as soon as you can40 ,john jumped on the wagon1 seized the whip and gave the horse a sharp cut to begin the day with4 ,john kept the whip in his hand4 ,if the horse held up his pace a minute to give himself a chance to breathe1 another snap of the whip kept him on the run4 ,at the different houses where he left the groceries ,john rushed in and out as quickly as possible4 ,in several places he was given fresh orders for articles that were needed4 ,so the morning passed1 and dinner time arrived4 ,as ,john put the horse in the stable he could not help seeing that his breath came hard and fast1 and that he was wet with sweat4 8,i guess it won't do to give him any water1 he is so hot10 ,john said1 as he hurriedly put a scanty allowance of dry feed into the manger4 ,the worn-out horse1 trembling in every nerve with the fatigue of going hard all the morning1 was almost choking with thirst4 ,when ,john hurried in to his dinner1 the first thing he asked for was something warm to drink4 ,his mother gave him a cup of hot cocoa1 and a good dinner1 which he ate rapidly4 ,then off he started for the afternoon's work4 8,hurry up10 said the grocer as soon as ,john appeared4 8,get out the horse and take these baskets2 they are all rush orders40 8,i went to ,mrs4 ,bell's twice this morning10 said ,john4 8,i should think she might give all her order at one time and not keep us running there all day40 8,i can't help it4 ,she is a good customer4 ,hurry up10 answered the grocer4 ,john ran out to the barn4 ,he certainly had meant to give the horse water before he started out again1 but being hurried1 he forgot it4 ,in a few minutes1 whip in hand1 he was urging the tired1 thirsty horse again over the road4 ,toward the close of the afternoon the horse began to hang his head4 ,when ,john touched him up with the whip he did not go any faster4 ,when he stopped for the third time at ,mrs4 ,bell's house his legs were trembling and he closed his eyes as if he were going to sleep4 ,mrs4 ,bell looked out of the window and said to her ,aunt ,sarah1 who was visiting her1 8,i think it is a shame for ,mr4 ,rush to let that boy race his horse so all day4 ,every time he comes here the horse is in a sweat1 and now he looks as if he would drop4 ,it is wicked to work a horse so60 ,her aunt replied1 8,yes1 the horses have to suffer for man's thoughtlessness1 and woman's1 too4 ,he's been here three times to-day1 hasn't he80 ,but ,mrs4 ,bell did not see the point of the reply4 ,,ii4 ,what ,happened in the ,barn ,it was seven o'clock before ,john put the horse in the stable4 ,he remembered then that he had given him no water all day4 ,as he did not want to be obliged to go out to the barn again he gave him a pail of ice-cold water1 which the horse drank greedily4 ,then he put his supper before him and left him4 ,he did not stop to rub down the aching legs or to give the faithful1 exhausted creature any further attention4 ,he just threw a blanket over him and closed the barn for the night4 ,when ,john came to the store the next morning a very angry looking grocer met him at the door4 8,you can go home as soon as you like4 ,i won't have a boy that drives my horse to death10 he said4 8,is the horse dead80 asked ,john1 turning pale4 8,it is not your fault if he is not dead4 ,i have been up nearly all night with him1 and ,i must get another horse to take his place until he is well40 8,you told me to hurry every time ,i went out10 answered ,john4 8,well1 if you had any sense1 you would know when a horse is used up and rest him10 replied the grocer4 ,the horse died that day2 and the grocer1 the boy driver1 and ,mrs4 ,bell were all to blame4 ,the grocer ought not to have trusted a boy who had no sympathy for animals4 ,such a boy is not fit to drive and care for a horse4 ,john was too selfish to give the horse time to breathe or to eat1 and he did not care whether he was made comfortable in the stable or not4 ,mrs4 ,bell was thoughtless in giving her orders2 so she made the horse take many unnecessary trips to her house4 ,so a willing1 patient animal was neglected and worked to death1 when with good care he might have lived many years and done faithful work4 ,this all happened because the man1 the boy1 and the woman had never learned to be thoughtful and kind4 --,mrs4 ,huntington ,smith--,adapted4 ,,questions ,what do you think of a man who is cruel to horses8 ,do you think people respect such a person8 ,did you ever hear that 8cruelty is the meanest crime08 ,how would you treat a pony8 ,a horse8 ,did you ever read 8,black ,beauty08 ,which should you like better for a friend--a man who is kind to animals or a man who does not care how they are treated1 just so that he gets his work done8 ,when you are hurt1 or sick1 what do you do8 ,can a horse or any animal tell a friend when he is sick8 ,a ,,letter ,,from ,a ,,horse ,to the ,lady of the ,house3 ,please order your supplies for the day early in the morning and all in one order4 ,one daily trip to your door is enough4 ,two trips will wear me out twice as fast4 ,telephoning in an extra order doubles the work for the sales clerk and bookkeeper as well as for the driver and horse4 ,this adds to the cost of all you buy4 ,hurry up orders make whippings for me4 ,please think of those who serve you1 both people and horses4 ,your obedient servant1 ,the ,delivery ,horse4 ,p4 ,s4 ,some boys play with a whip over my back1 not meaning to hurt me1 but ,i cannot see the fun4 ,it makes me nervous1 and ,i get so tired by night from being worried that ,i tremble all over4 ,i know boys do not think about that part4 ,t4 ,d4 ,horse4 ,a ,,plea ,,for ,,the ,,horse ,every horse will work longer and better if given three ample meals daily2 plenty of clean1 fresh water2 proper shoes1 sharpened in slippery weather2 a blanket in cold weather2 a stall six feet by nine feet or room enough to lie down2 a fly net in summer and two weeks' vacation each year4 ,do not use the cruel1 tight check rein1 or closely fitting blinders which cause blindness4 ,,spare ,,the ,,whip ,,questions ,i4 ,wouldn't you have much more work to do if there were no horses8 ,have you ever been very tired8 ,have you ever been very thirsty8 ,could you ask for a drink of water8 ,can a horse ask8 ,don't you suppose animals suffer terribly with thirst8 ,what would a horse say if he could talk8 ,can you drive8 ,did you ever stop to think that it is because a horse's mouth is so tender that the great strong animal does what the driver wishes8 ,what do you think about jerking the reins8 ,should we have as nice and comfortable houses or food or clothing if we had no horses8 ,,ii4 ,is the horse a laborer8 ,has he a right to wages8 ,what should they be8 ,how many meals a day should a horse have8 ,can you imagine how it would seem if you were very1 very hungry to be taken into a place where tables were spread with tempting food1 and be driven past them without a bite8 ,how do hungry horses feel when they see and smell apples and grass8 ,can you run as fast when you carry a heavy load as you can with a light load8 ,can a horse8 ,did you ever burn your mouth8 ,did you know that the steel bit1 if put very cold in the horse's mouth1 will burn off the skin of the tongue and make the mouth sore--and perhaps prevent the horse from eating8 ,could the bit be easily warmed by dipping it into hot water1 or breathing on it to take out the frost8 ,did you ever stop to think that every creature that is alive can suffer8 ,,iii4 ,did you ever see a driver stop on a cold day and go into a restaurant for a bowl of warm soup or a cup of coffee8 ,did he put a blanket on the horse8 ,did you ever see a horse taken into a stable and given a warm meal on a cold day8 ,did you ever see non-skid chain-shoes for horses8 ,do you know that burlap tied on the horses' hoofs answers the same purpose1 and costs only a little time and forethought8 99 99 99 99 99 ,the driver can best help this horse to get up by spreading a blanket or carpet over the icy roadway under his feet4 ,illustration ,,part ,,ii ,,community ,,occupations ,stories ,about ,people ,who ,minister to ,our ,daily ,needs ,these stories develop very simply1 the fundamental ideas of service1 dependence and interdependence1 and reciprocal duties4 ,they also teach incidentally the civic virtues of thoroughness1 honesty1 respect1 etc41 which form the subject matter of ,part ,i of this book4 ,,stories ,,about ,,people ,,who ,,provide ,,us ,,with ,,food ,,the ,,baker ,i4 ,an ,early ,call 8,good morning1 children10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell1 with a bright smile--so bright that it seemed as if the oatmeal she was stirring smiled too4 8,good morning1 mother10 said ,ruth4 8,my1 but we are early this morning2 it is only seven o'clock40 8,good morning1 mother10 said ,wallace1 sleepily4 8,may ,i go back to bed again80 8,yes--after supper to-night10 replied his mother4 8,but ,i am glad you are up1 for ,i am expecting a caller to knock at the door any moment40 8,who is it80 asked ,ruth4 8,oh1 he is a very important man10 said her mother4 8,the strange part of it is that he never rings the front door bell1 but always comes to the kitchen door and knocks40 8,please tell us who he is60 cried both the children4 ,illustration3 ,,tell ,a ,,story ,,about ,,this ,,picture ,illustration3 ,,the ,,next ,,time ,a ,,loaf ,,of ,,bread ,,comes ,,to ,,your ,,house1 ,,will ,,you ,,look ,,into ,,it ,,and ,,see ,,if ,,you ,,can ,,find ,,pictures ,,like ,,the ,,ones ,,in ,,the ,,loaf ,,on ,,this ,,page8 ,,here ,,you ,,will ,,find ,,pictures ,,of ,,harvesting1 ,,grain ,,elevator1 ,,bakers ,,at ,,work1 ,,and ,,baker ,,wagon4 8,yes10 went on ,mrs4 ,duwell1 8he is going to bring us the most useful and wonderful article sold in any store in this city40 8,oh1 mother1 tell us what it is10 begged the children4 ,just then there came a heavy knock at the kitchen door4 8,there he comes with it now1 ,i believe10 whispered ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,wallace1 you may open the door40 ,wallace ran quickly to the door and opened it1 and there stood--the bread man4 8,oh1 mother10 exclaimed ,wallace1 8it's only the bread man60 8,wallace10 said his mother1 8speak more politely4 ,say #8good morning1' and take a loaf of bread and a dozen rolls40 8,now1 mother1 tell us who it is you expect1 and what he is going to bring10 coaxed ,ruth as soon as the door was closed4 8,sit down and eat your breakfast1 children1 and ,i will tell you all about it40 ,when the children had been served1 she went on3 8,the man ,i spoke about has just gone--he is the bread man4 ,isn't a loaf of bread the most useful and wonderful article sold in any store in the city80 8,why1 mother1 you are joking60 exclaimed ,wallace4 8,no1 indeed1 ,i am not4 ,tell me1 children1 what must you have in order to live80 8,food10 replied ,ruth4 8,correct2 and what article of food do we most need80 8,bread10 replied ,ruth4 8,i believe that is so10 said ,wallace1 after thinking a moment4 8,i am going to talk with father about it when he comes home to-night40 8,that is right2 ,i think he will tell you something about wheat fields and bake ovens10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,now run along to school or you will be late40 ,,ii4 ,the ,staff of ,life 8,father10 said ,wallace1 as the family sat about the supper table that evening1 8a very important man called at the door this morning before we went to school40 8,he did6 ,who was he80 asked ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,guess who10 said ,ruth4 8,he left us the most wonderful and useful article sold in any store in this city40 8,who was he8 ,what was it80 ,mr4 ,duwell pretended to be very curious4 8,guess6 ,see if you can guess60 8,let me see--oh1 yes1 it must have been the mayor with a pound of butter40 8,guess again10 shouted the children4 8,a policeman1 with a bottle of ink40 8,no1 guess again60 8,i give it up40 8,the bread man with that loaf of bread10 cried the children1 pointing to the loaf on the table4 8,well1 well1 ,i believe you are right1 children10 said their father4 8,i certainly ought to have guessed1 although ,i never thought of the bread man as a very important man before40 8,mother explained it to us this morning and said that you would tell us about the wheat fields and bake ovens10 spoke up ,ruth4 8,i certainly will1 children10 said their father1 looking pleased4 8,let me see2 what is this made of80 he asked1 picking up a piece of bread4 8,flour40 8,yes1 what kind80 8,wheat flour40 8,correct2 so this is wheat bread4 ,what other kinds of bread are there80 8,rye bread1 bran bread1 graham bread40 8,yes2 and in ,europe bread is often made of oats and barley40 8,bread is sometimes called by another name10 said their mother2 8did you ever hear of it8 ,the staff----0 8,the staff of life10 finished the children4 8,i have an idea10 cried their father suddenly4 8,the ,spotless ,bakery is about three squares up the street4 ,it is open in the evening4 ,i know the manager4 ,let us go up there to see how they make bread40 8,hurrah for dad6 ,fine1 come on60 cried ,wallace4 8,i wish mother could go10 ,ruth said4 ,her mother shook her head2 8,no1 dear1 ,i'll not go this time1 but thank you for thinking of it40 8,we won't be long1 mother1 and we'll tell you about everything when we get home10 said ,wallace1 as the three left the house4 ,,iii4 ,a ,visit to the ,bakery ,soon they came to a big square building that seemed to be all windows1 blazing with light4 ,over the door was a sign which read3 ,,the ,,spotless ,,bakery ,the children had often seen the building before but had never been inside4 ,they entered and their father asked to see the manager4 ,soon he came bustling in--a round smiling little man1 dressed in a spotless white suit4 8,good evening1 ,mr4 ,duwell10 he said1 shaking hands4 8,good evening1 ,mr4 ,baker10 replied ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,this is ,ruth1 and this is ,wallace4 ,they want to see how bread is baked1 if you are not too busy for visitors40 8,i shall be delighted to show you10 said ,mr4 ,baker1 smiling and shaking hands with both children2 8this way1 please40 ,up a narrow winding stair they climbed to the sifting room on the fourth floor4 8,every bit of flour starts on its journey through these sifters10 said the manager1 pointing to a row of box-like sifting machines4 ,on the floor stood a huge pile of bags of flour4 8,each one of these bags holds one hundred and forty pounds10 he explained4 ,passing down the stairway they saw the store-room piled high with more bags of flour4 8,there are more than a thousand of them10 said the manager4 ,then they came to the mixing room4 ,everything was white--the huge mixers were white2 the walls were white2 the bakers were dressed in white with odd round white caps2 the dough trays were white--everything was white and spotless4 8,the flour from the sifters above comes through an opening in the floor into the mixers4 ,then the yeast and other things are added4 ,the electric power is started4 ,the great iron arms of the mixers turn1 and twist1 and mix until the whole mass becomes dough10 ,mr4 ,baker explained4 ,along the wall were the dough trays in which the dough is set to rise4 ,these trays remind one of huge white bath tubs on wheels1 a little wider and deeper and about twice as long as the ones in our houses4 8,how much will each one of those hold80 asked ,wallace1 pointing to the trays full of creamy dough4 8,enough to make eleven hundred loaves10 answered the manager4 8,why1 there must be over forty of them10 said ,wallace1 looking down the long line4 8,how many loaves do you bake in a day80 8,we have two more bakeries like this1 and in the three we bake about one hundred thousand loaves a day--besides rolls and cakes40 8,why1 ,i didn't know there was so much bread in the world10 said ,wallace4 8,yes1 my boy1 there are bakeries almost everywhere4 ,we supply only a small part of the bread needed in our large city40 ,as they went down the next stairway to the baking room1 the pleasant odor of fresh-baked bread came up to meet them4 8,here they are60 cried ,ruth4 8,look1 ,wallace1 here are the bake ovens60 ,all that could be seen on one side of the room was a long row of black oven doors1 set in a low white-tiled wall4 ,on the other side of the room were large oblong tables1 around which the white-uniformed bakers were busily working4 ,the dough was piled high on the tables4 ,one baker cut it into lumps4 ,another made the lumps into pound loaves1 weighing them on a scale4 ,another shaped the loaves and put them into rows of pans1 which were slipped into large racks and wheeled to the oven door4 8,look10 said ,wallace1 8they are going to put them in60 ,a baker put four loaves on a long-handled flat shovel2 then quickly opened the oven door and slipped them inside4 8,look at the loaves60 cried ,wallace1 peeping into the open door4 8,hundreds of them4 ,how many will that oven hold80 8,six hundred10 said the baker1 closing the door4 8,look10 cried ,ruth1 8they are taking them out of that other oven4 ,there comes our loaf for breakfast1 ,wallace40 ,farther down the room a baker was lifting out of an oven the nut-brown loaves1 bringing with them the sweet smell of fresh bread4 8,isn't it wonderful60 said ,mr4 ,duwell1 who was almost as excited as the children4 8,notice how all the men work together1 everyone doing his part to help the others40 8,what are the baking hours80 he asked the manager4 8,from twelve o'clock1 noon1 till midnight1 the ovens are kept going as you see them now10 said the manager4 8,we will go down one more flight to the shipping room10 he added1 leading the way4 ,there the finished loaves were coming down from the floor above on great racks to wait for shipping time4 ,the space in front of the shipping platform was crowded with wagons and automobiles4 ,illustration 8,why1 look60 said ,wallace1 8there are more wagons than automobiles4 ,i should think you would use automobiles entirely40 8,no10 replied the manager1 8the automobiles are better for long distances2 but for short distances1 where the driver has to start and stop1 horses are much better4 ,when the driver serves bread along a street he calls1 #8,come ,dolly1' or whatever the horse's name is1 and the horse follows4 ,the horse is alive2 the automobile isn't40 8,when does the delivery start80 asked ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,soon after midnight40 ,after thanking the manager for his kindness1 shaking hands all around1 and bidding him good-night1 the little party hurried home4 ,all that night ,wallace dreamed that he was putting loaves of bread into a big oven and lifting them out1 brown and crisp1 on the end of a long-handled shovel1 loading them into a delivery wagon1 and driving all over the city1 so that the people could have fresh bread for breakfast4 ,,iv4 ,where the ,wheat ,comes ,from ,at the table the next evening the children were still talking about their visit to the bakery4 8,well1 children10 said their father1 8we followed the flour through the bakery to the loaf on our table4 ,what do you say if we take a little journey to the place where the wheat comes from40 8,fine60 cried ,wallace4 8,when can we start80 8,right now1 son1 but it will be a stay-at-home journey10 said ,mr4 ,duwell2 and everybody laughed4 8,let us see10 ,mr4 ,duwell went on2 8where did the thousand bags of flour we saw in the bakery come from80 8,i know10 said ,ruth4 8,i read #8,minn4' on one of the bags40 8,good1 ,ruth10 said her father4 8,that is what ,i call using your eyes4 ,what does #8,minn4' stand for80 8,min-ne-so-ta10 answered ,wallace quickly4 8,correct6 ,minnesota has great wheat fields1 and so have ,north and ,south ,dakota1 ,kansas1 and many other states2 but the wheat in our loaf grew in ,minnesota4 8,wallace1 step over to the bookcase and bring me the large book marked #8,w4'0 ,wallace brought it in a moment4 ,mr4 ,duwell opened the book and found some colored pictures4 8,here we are10 said he4 8,what does it say under the first picture1 ,ruth80 8#8,reaping and ,binding ,wheat1'0 read ,ruth1 bending over the book4 8,right6 ,there is our loaf growing1 and there is the machine cutting the wheat and tying it into bundles4 ,what does it say under this picture1 ,wallace80 8#8,threshing by ,steam1'0 read ,wallace4 8,yes--taking the wheat from the straw and chaff4 ,what comes next1 ,ruth80 8#8,grain ,el-e-va-tor1'0 read ,ruth4 8,what is a grain elevator80 asked ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,why1 the place where the wheat is stored until needed40 8,yes10 said ,mr4 ,duwell1 8some elevators are so large that they will hold nearly two million bushels of wheat40 8,plenty large enough to hold our loaf10 added ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,now read again1 ,wallace40 8#8,in-te-ri-or of ,flour ,mill1'0 read ,wallace4 8,yes1 that is where they grind the wheat into white flour and remove the bran40 8,bran is the outside coat1 isn't it80 asked ,ruth4 8,yes1 that's it6 ,now read again40 8#8,train ,being ,loaded with ,flour1'0 read ,ruth4 8,yes1 that must be a picture of the fifteen car loads of flour used every week by the ,spotless ,bakery40 8,i never would have believed it took so many people to make a loaf of bread10 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,let me see3 the plowman1 the sower1 the reaper1--go on1 ,wallace40 8,the thresher1 the miller1 the train-men1 the baker--0 added ,wallace4 8,and the baker's horses10 finished ,ruth4 ,,questions ,have you ever visited a bakery8 ,tell about it4 ,the ,duwell family had a splendid time finding out things about their bread and rolls1 didn't they8 ,why don't you try it with some of the other things you eat8 ,can you think of some ways of helping this very useful man1 the baker8 ,suppose company had come unexpectedly to see your great-grandmother when she did not have bread enough baked4 ,how would she have gotten bread for her guests8 ,what would your mother do if the same thing happened to her8 99 99 99 99 99 ,praise ,god for wheat1 so white and sweet1 ,of which we make our bread6 ,praise ,god for yellow corn1 with which ,his waiting world is fed6 --,edward ,everett ,hale4 ,illustration ,,baking ,,the ,,johnny-,,cake ,little ,sarah stood by her grandmother's bed1 8,now what shall ,i get for your breakfast80 she said4 8,you may get me a johnny-cake4 ,quickly go make it1 ,in one minute mix1 and in two minutes bake it40 ,illustration ,so ,sarah went to the closet to see ,if yet any meal in the barrel might be4 ,the barrel had long been as empty as wind1 ,and not a speck of corn meal could she find4 ,but grandmother's johnny-cake1 still she must make it1 ,in one minute mix1 and in two minutes bake it4 ,illustration ,she ran to the store1 but the storekeeper said1 8,i have none4 ,you must go to the miller1 fair maid1 ,for he has a mill1 and he'll put the corn in it1 ,and grind you some nice yellow meal in a minute4 ,now run1 or the johnny-cake1 how will you make it1 ,in one minute mix1 in two minutes bake it80 ,illustration ,then ,sarah she ran every step of the way1 ,but the miller said1 8,no1 ,i have no meal to-day4 ,run1 quick1 to the cornfield1 just over the hill1 ,and if any corn's there1 you may fetch it to mill4 ,run1 run1 or the johnny-cake1 how will you make it1 ,in one minute mix1 in two minutes bake it80 ,illustration ,she ran to the cornfield--the corn had not grown1 ,though the sun in the blue sky pleasantly shone4 8,pretty sun10 cried the maiden1 8please make the corn grow40 8,pretty maid10 the sun answered1 8,i cannot do so40 8,then grandmother's johnny-cake1 how shall ,i make it1 ,in one minute mix1 in two minutes bake it80 ,illustration ,but ,sarah looked round1 and she saw what was wanted2 ,the corn could not grow1 for no corn had been planted4 ,she asked of the farmer to sow her some grain1 ,but the farmer laughed till his sides ached again4 8,ho6 ho6 for the johnny-cake1 how can you make it1 ,in one minute mix1 in two minutes bake it80 ,illustration ,the farmer he laughed1 and he laughed very loud-- 8,and how can ,i plant till the land has been plowed8 ,run1 run1 to the plowman1 and bring him with speed2 ,he'll plow up the ground and ,i'll fill it with seed40 ,away1 then1 ran ,sarah1 still hoping to make it1 ,in one minute mix1 in two minutes bake it4 ,the plowman he plowed1 and the grain it was sown1 ,and the sun shed his rays till the corn was all grown4 ,it was ground at the mill1 and again at her bed ,these words to kind ,sarah the grandmother said1 8,please get me a johnny-cake--quickly go make it1 ,in one minute mix1 in two minutes bake it40 ,from 8,child ,life3 ,a ,collection of ,poems10 ,edited by ,john ,greenleaf ,whittier4 ,illustration ,,the ,,milkman ,i4 ,before the ,sun ,rises 8,what do you think one of our lessons was about to-day1 mother80 asked ,ruth1 coming in from school one afternoon4 8,i couldn't guess10 said her mother4 8,what was it about80 8,the milkman40 8,the milkman10 repeated ,mrs4 ,duwell in surprise2 8that must have been interesting40 8,yes1 we just talked4 ,teacher asked questions2 she asked if we liked bread and milk or cereal and milk1 and said that they made an excellent breakfast4 8,what do you think1 mother10 ,ruth went on2 8teacher told us that not many years ago the milkman came around with big cans of milk and measured whatever you wanted1 a pint or a quart1 into your pitcher or milk pail40 8,yes1 that is true10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,that is the way they did when ,i was a little girl4 ,how did they come to change8 ,did your teacher tell you80 8,people found that it was not san-i-ta-ry1 teacher said4 ,the milk was not always kept clean2 so the milkmen put it into pint and quart bottles1 with paper caps to keep out flies and germs40 ,illustration3 ,,tell ,a ,,story ,,about ,,this ,,picture4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,next ,,time ,,you ,,drink ,a ,,glass ,,of ,,milk ,,think ,,about ,,what ,a ,,long ,,journey ,,it ,,has ,,taken4 ,,the ,,milk ,,in ,,the ,,bottle ,,in ,,this ,,picture ,,came ,,in ,a ,,big ,,can ,,from ,,the ,,cow ,,to ,,the ,,railroad ,,station1 ,,on ,,the ,,train ,,to ,,the ,,city ,,dairy ,,where ,,it ,,was ,,bottled ,,and ,,tested4 ,,it ,,was ,,then ,,sent ,,out ,,in ,a ,,large ,,auto ,,truck ,,to ,,the ,,delivery ,,wagon ,,which ,,took ,,it ,,to ,,the ,,duwell ,,family4 ,,does ,,the ,,milk ,,which ,,you ,,use ,,take ,,as ,,long ,a ,,journey ,,as ,,that8 8,did you find out where the milk comes from80 8,oh yes1 from the farms4 ,teacher showed us pictures of cows2 some with tan and white coats--,jerseys2 and some with black and white coats--,holsteins1 ,i think she said4 ,i should love to see real cows40 8,so you shall1 dear1 the next time we go into the country4 8,i remember10 continued ,mrs4 ,duwell1 8hearing your grandfather say that when he was a boy he had to be out of bed before daylight1 sometimes as early as three o'clock1 and go out into the cold barn to milk the cows40 8,three o'clock in the morning60 exclaimed ,wallace1 who had just come in4 8,yes2 then he had to hurry into the kitchen for breakfast1 then out again1 hitch up old ,dobbin1 load the milk cans on the wagon and drive to the nearest station to catch the milk train4 ,he had to do all this by six o'clock--before most people in the city think of getting up40 8,my1 there wasn't much fun in that10 said ,wallace4 8,no1 indeed4 ,you remember the deep snow in ,march last winter4 ,i asked our milkman what time he started on his rounds4 ,what do you think he said80 8,six o'clock10 replied ,wallace4 8,earlier than that1 son10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,he laughed and said1 #8,i have to load up and start by three o'clock to serve all my customers before breakfast4'0 8,yes10 added ,ruth1 8teacher told us about that and asked what would happen if the driver overslept and did not get over the route before breakfast40 8,what did you answer80 8,why1 that we might have to do without milk for breakfast40 8,or we might have to wait for breakfast until eleven o'clock10 said ,wallace4 8,oh1 ,wallace10 cried ,ruth1 8,i didn't say that6 ,if we waited for breakfast until eleven o'clock we would be dreadfully late for school40 8,and dreadfully hungry1 too10 said ,wallace4 8,i'm glad our milkman gets up on time40 ,,ii4 ,milk1 from ,farm to ,family 8,well1 what ,i want to know is1 where the ,clover ,leaf ,dairy gets our milk from10 said ,wallace4 ,illustration 8,it is this way4 ,the dairy wagon meets the milk train and takes the cans of milk to the dairy4 ,there they test the milk to see if it is pure and fresh4 8,next they empty the milk into a big white tank and heat it to kill the disease germs4 ,after quickly cooling the milk1 they put it into bottles1 and it saves the babies' lives10 said ,ruth almost without stopping to take breath4 ,her mother smiled and asked1 8,did your teacher tell you the name of that work80 8,yes2 but it was a long word1 and ,i have forgotten it10 answered ,ruth4 8,pas-teur-i-zing40 ,her mother said it for her4 8,yes1 that's it--pasteurizing4 ,i could not think4 ,it kills all the bad germs so that the milk is safe for even the weakest babies4 8,teacher told us about a good man in ,new ,york10 ,ruth went on1 8named ,mr4 ,straus1 who was sorry because so many babies died from drinking impure milk4 ,he made it so that poor babies in ,new ,york could have pasteurized milk2 and then less than half as many died as before40 8,wasn't that a noble thing to do10 said her mother4 8,yes2 our teacher says that almost everybody uses pasteurized milk now1 and in this way thousands of babies' lives have been saved4 ,she says that we ought to be grateful40 8,yes1 indeed10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell2 8we ought to be grateful to the milkman1 the farmer1 and everybody that helps to bring us pure milk40 ,,questions ,would you like to get up long before daylight1 on cold winter mornings to deliver milk for people's breakfast8 ,tell some of the things you like that you could not have to eat if the milkman did not come4 ,have you ever visited a big dairy8 ,tell about it4 ,imagine you own a herd of cows in the country1 and tell some of the things you would do in order to be sure to send good1 pure1 clean milk to the dairy4 ,illustration ,,the ,,grocer ,i4 ,the ,old-time ,grocer 8,wallace1 light another candle1 please4 ,i cannot see very well10 said ,mr4 ,duwell as he sat smiling at the head of the dining table1 with carving knife lifted ready to carve the roast4 ,wallace turned on another electric light1 and everybody laughed4 8,that's a good guess1 son10 said his mother4 8,on my grandfather's farm they always burned candles1 and grandmother made them herself40 8,made them herself60 exclaimed ,ruth4 8,yes10 replied her mother4 8,i have often seen the candle moulds4 ,they looked like a row of tin tubes fastened together4 ,the wicks were hung in the middle of the tubes1 and the melted tallow was poured in around them4 ,when the candles were hard and cold1 they were slipped out ready for use40 8,your grandmother must have been smart4 ,what relation was she to me80 asked ,ruth4 8,your great-grandmother1 dear4 ,she was #8smart1' indeed4 ,she made not only candles1 but soap40 8,soap60 said ,ruth in surprise4 8,yes1 and butter10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,your great-grandfather was #8smart1' too10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,why1 ,wallace1 he butchered a pig or two1 and sometimes a cow in the fall for the winter's meat40 8,weren't there any grocers or butchers80 asked ,wallace4 8,yes1 indeed2 your great-grandmother was the grocer1 and your great-grandfather was the butcher for the family40 8,but weren't there any stores80 8,yes1 the stores were in the big kitchen pantry1 the cellar1 and the ice-house40 8,i mean grocery stores like ,parker's1 and ,wiggin's10 explained ,wallace4 8,no1 until the towns and villages sprang up there were no stores such as we have now10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,you see1 there were not many people to buy things in the early days1 and they lived on farms many miles apart1 so it did not pay anyone to keep a store4 8,why is the grocery so useful to everybody80 he asked4 8,because it sells food40 8,that is it4 ,you see1 when enough people lived in one place to make a village or town1 some one opened a store4 ,now1 how did he get flour to sell80 8,from the miller40 8,right--and potatoes80 8,from the farmer40 8,yes1 the miller brought flour and the farmer brought potatoes to the grocer for him to sell40 8,and when grandma made more butter than she could use she sent it to the grocer10 added ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,where did the grocer get his stock of brooms1 ,ruth80 asked her father4 8,from the broom-maker40 8,that is the idea4 ,all who grew or made more things than they could use brought them to the grocer to be sold4 ,so the grocer helped them and they helped him1 and the people went to the store for their supplies4 8,you must remember1 children10 went on ,mr4 ,duwell1 8the old-fashioned country store was very different from ,parker's grocery around the corner4 ,besides groceries1 it sold harness1 horse blankets1 hardware1 shoes1 and everything people needed40 ,,ii4 ,the ,modern ,grocer 8,suppose ,wallace were a grocer1 ,ruth1 how would you like his store to be kept80 asked her mother4 8,clean--oh1 so clean60 replied ,ruth4 8,yes1 what else80 8,full of shelves with all the packages and bottles and other things in their places40 8,how would you treat the people1 ,wallace80 asked ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,i would be very polite1 and try to have every article they wanted fresh and good40 8,that is right1 and ,i know you would be honest and truthful40 8,if you were that kind of grocer1 ,wallace10 said ,mr4 ,duwell1 8you would be of real service to the people40 8,what kind of customers would you like to have1 ,wallace80 asked ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,oh1 people who paid their bills on time and didn't find too much fault10 answered ,wallace4 8,well10 said ,ruth1 8if you were anything like that1 your customers would certainly call you ,the ,spotless ,grocer40 ,illustration ,,questions ,think of all the extra work your mother and father would have to do if there were no grocery stores4 ,is there one near your house8 ,are you glad8 ,what kind of grocery store do you like8 ,what kind of grocer do you like to deal with8 ,try playing store1 and pretend that your customers will not pay their bills and that the men from whom you buy come to insist on your paying them4 ,what will happen8 ,if you were a real grocer1 would you like that to happen8 ,can you think of some other ways you can help the grocer besides paying your bills promptly8 ,,stories ,,about ,,people ,,who ,,help ,,clothe ,,us ,,the ,,tailor ,i4 ,the ,accident ,wallace was very proud of the new suit of clothes his father had just bought him4 ,he wanted to wear it to school the first day after it came home4 8,if ,i were you ,i should keep it for best for a while1 ,wallace10 said his mother4 8,your old suit is good enough for school for some time40 8,but ,tom ,dolittle is going to wear his new suit to-day2 he told me so40 8,it doesn't seem wise to me1 ,wallace--but wear it if you think best40 8,all right1 mother10 said ,wallace as he skipped away to put it on4 ,a few minutes later his mother stood watching a very happy boy running down the street4 8,mother60 called ,wallace1 walking slowly upstairs when he came in from school4 8,here ,i am1 boy1 in the sitting room10 answered his mother4 8,just see what has happened to my new suit60 8,have you torn your jacket80 8,no1 it's not torn10 he said1 coming into the room4 8,it is worse than that4 ,i'm afraid it is ruined4 ,look6 ,look60 8,why1 child10 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,duwell1 8how did this happen8 ,let us go into the bathroom to wipe off a little of the mud4 ,that may prevent stains40 ,she hardly knew the mud-splashed boy who stood before her1 so very unlike the spick and span ,wallace of the morning4 8,well1 dear1 don't worry too much10 she said4 8,we will see what the tailor can do for us40 8,do you suppose he can make it clean enough for me to wear80 asked the boy eagerly4 8,i think that he can make it look very well10 said his mother4 8,put on your other suit and we will take this one around to the tailor's shop4 ,but you haven't told me what happened40 8,why1 it was this way3 ,i was chasing some of the boys1 and just as ,i reached the corner an automobile came speeding out of ,west ,street4 ,it skidded into the curb1 and splashed the mud over me from head to foot4 ,the whole thing happened in less than a minute4 ,you ought to have heard the boys laugh60 8,i am thankful you were not hurt10 said his mother4 8,i will put on my wraps and we will go at once40 ,,ii4 ,at the ,tailor ,shop 8,good afternoon10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell to the tailor as they entered the shop4 8,good afternoon10 said the tailor4 8,what can ,i do for you to-day80 8,we want to see if you can make this suit of clothes look like new10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,let me look at it10 said the man1 untying the parcel1 and examining the mud-splashed clothing4 8,well1 that is pretty bad1 but ,i guess we can do a good job40 8,how much will you charge80 asked ,wallace anxiously4 8,seventy-five cents1 if you call for it10 said the tailor1 taking out a tag4 8,what name1 please80 8,give your name1 son10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,wallace ,duwell10 said the boy4 8,when may ,i come80 8,day after to-morrow10 replied the tailor4 8,we will do our best to make it look like new40 8,thank you10 answered ,wallace1 smiling for the first time since the accident4 ,illustration3 ,,tell ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,this ,,picture4 ,,if ,,you ,,look ,,at ,,your ,,coat ,,carefully ,,you ,,will ,,find ,a ,,story ,,about ,,sheep ,,shearing1 ,,spinning1 ,,weaving1 ,,and ,,tailoring ,,just ,,like ,,the ,,story ,,shown ,,in ,,the ,,pictures ,,in ,,the ,,coat ,,on ,,the ,,opposite ,,page4 ,illustration3 ,,do ,,you ,,ever ,,think ,,of ,,the ,,many ,,people ,,we ,,have ,,to ,,thank ,,for ,,our ,,nice ,,warm ,,clothing8 8,good afternoon10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell1 as they left the shop4 8,good-by10 answered the tailor2 8come again40 8,mother10 said ,wallace1 after they had walked a few minutes1 8it was my fault that this accident happened1 and ,i want to pay for having the suit cleaned4 ,i have the money ,aunt ,mary gave me for ,christmas40 8,that will please your father1 ,wallace4 ,we will tell him the whole story this evening40 ,,iii4 ,what the ,tailor ,saved the ,duwell ,family ,when ,wallace finished telling about the accident his father said1 8,i wonder how much money the tailor is saving us by doing this work80 8,i never thought about that10 admitted ,wallace4 8,let me see4 ,we paid seven dollars and a half for that suit1 didn't we1 mother80 asked ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,yes1 ,i think that was the amount10 answered ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,well1 if the suit couldn't be cleaned it would mean that we should have to buy another in its place4 ,mother can clean a suit well1 but even she could not make as sorry a looking suit as yours look like new4 ,now do a little problem in arithmetic40 ,wallace promptly pulled pad and pencil from his pocket1 and wrote3 -------------------------------------- ,cost of suit #g4ej ,tailor's charge for cleaning1 4#ge ----- ,saved #f4ge -------------------------------------- 8,six dollars and seventy-five cents6 ,i didn't think it would be that much60 he exclaimed in surprise4 8,be sure to thank the tailor when you go after your suit10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,i certainly will10 said ,wallace4 ,,questions ,do you ever visit the tailor's8 ,tell about his shop4 ,do you think his work is easy8 ,could you do it8 ,if you were a tailor and had worked hard to do good1 prompt work1 how would you like to be treated in return8 ,if your suit could talk about all the things that happened to it before it came to you1 it would tell a very interesting story4 ,pretend you are a suit and tell all about yourself4 ,,the ,,dressmaker ,i4 ,an ,invitation to a ,party 8,mother10 said ,ruth1 coming in from school a few days later1 8,mildred ,maydole has invited me to her birthday party4 ,she wrote the invitations herself on the prettiest little note paper4 ,here is mine40 ,mrs4 ,duwell read34 ,dear ,ruth1 ,it will give my mother and me much pleasure if you will come to my birthday party from three to six o'clock1 ,saturday afternoon1 ,january twenty-eighth4 ,your friend1 ,mildred ,maydole4 8,oh1 mother1 please say ,i may go60 cried ,ruth excitedly1 jumping up and down on tiptoe4 8,mildred wants an answer soon1 so that her mother can make her plans40 8,why1 my dear1 ,i think you may go10 said her mother1 8if ,i can get your new dress made by the twenty-eighth4 ,you have grown so fast that ,i have not been able to keep up with you in sewing40 8,i am so happy with the thought of going10 exclaimed ,ruth1 8that ,i can scarcely wait for the day4 ,you know1 mother1 ,mildred is older than ,i1 and it is a great honor to be invited to her party40 8,yes1 indeed1 it is10 agreed her mother4 8,naturally ,mildred could not invite all the children in your grade at school2 so if ,i were you ,i would not talk about the party before the other children4 ,you see1 it might hurt the feelings of some who were not invited40 8,that's just what ,mildred said1 mother2 she asked us to keep it a secret for that reason40 8,well1 dear1 if you do keep it secret1 do not make a mystery of it1 whispering among the fortunate ones and letting the others wonder why you all say1 #8,hush1' when they happen to come near40 8,why1 mother6 how did you know80 asked ,ruth flushing4 8,now that ,i think of it1 that is just what we did do40 8,instead of just telling ,mildred that you will come10 said her mother1 8,i think it would be better to write a note accepting the invitation40 8,i'll do it right away60 exclaimed ,ruth1 running to her little desk4 8,will you help me with the words80 8,yes10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,how would it do to say this3 ,dear ,mildred1 ,my mother is very much pleased with the kind invitation to your birthday party1 and says that ,i may come on ,saturday afternoon4 ,your friend1 ,ruth ,duwell40 ,when ,ruth had finished writing1 she sealed the envelope4 8,i shall hand this to ,mildred after school is dismissed at noon10 she said4 8,thank you for helping me1 mother40 ,,ii4 ,a ,disappointment ,mrs4 ,duwell had been unusually busy for several days after the conversation about the party4 ,one day she said1 8,ruth1 dear child1 ,i cannot seem to find time to make your new dress4 ,i wonder if ,miss ,fells could make it before the twenty-eighth4 ,why not run over and ask her80 8,yes1 mother1 why not8 ,i think that is a good idea10 agreed ,ruth4 8,i do1 too10 said her mother4 8,here is the material that grandma sent you4 ,run along1 and do not forget to thank ,miss ,fells if she will agree to make your dress40 8,no1 indeed1 mother1 ,i won't10 said ,ruth4 ,,iii4 ,at the ,dressmaker's 8,good afternoon1 ,miss ,fells10 said ,ruth1 when she entered the door of the dressmaker's house4 8,good afternoon1 ,ruth10 said ,miss ,fells1 who knew the little girl4 ,then1 noticing the package1 she added1 8,oh1 ,i hope you are not going to ask me to make you a dress any time soon40 ,ruth's heart sank4 8,i was going to1 ,miss ,fells10 she admitted4 8,how soon80 asked the dressmaker4 8,by ,january the twenty-eighth40 ,then she told about the party and her mother's disappointment4 8,i don't see how ,i can do it--0 began ,miss ,fells4 ,then seeing the tears in ,ruth's eyes1 she said1 8,but let me look at the goods1 ,ruth40 ,the little girl spread the material out on the table4 8,isn't it pretty60 exclaimed ,miss ,fells4 8,perhaps ,i can get some extra help4 ,come for a fitting to-morrow at four o'clock1 and we'll see what can be done40 8,oh1 thank you1 thank you1 ,miss ,fells60 ,ruth exclaimed4 ,then she ran all the way home to tell the good news4 ,illustration3 ,,what ,,is ,,ruth ,,asking ,,the ,,dressmaker8 ,illustration3 ,,the 8,,butterflies0 ,,on ,,this ,,page ,,are ,,the ,,moths ,,of ,,two ,,of ,,our ,,american ,,silkworms4 ,,in ,,olden ,,days1 ,,spinning ,,was ,,done ,,at ,,home4 ,,today ,,we ,,have ,,great ,,spinning ,,and ,,weaving ,,machines1 ,,and ,,much ,,of ,,our ,,clothing ,,is ,,made ,,in ,,factories4 8,now we see1 ,ruth10 said her mother1 8how glad we should be that different people do different things for us4 ,a person who studies and works in one special line must do better than one who works at it only once in a while--the way ,i do dressmaking40 8,why1 that is true1 mother10 exclaimed ,ruth1 8,i never thought of it before1 though40 8,there are many more things to be learned about dressmakers10 went on her mother4 8,let us talk about some of them this evening40 8,mother1 ,i suppose father will ask a lot of questions--just as he did about the tailor40 8,i don't doubt that10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell1 8and ,i am glad that you are interested4 ,i have heard my grandmother say that when she was young1 there were no ready-made paper patterns40 8,why1 mother1 how could people make dresses then80 asked ,ruth4 8,it was done in this way4 ,a seamstress or some one who liked to make dresses would cut out and fit a dress for somebody in her family or neighborhood4 ,if the dress was pretty1 the pattern would be borrowed and used by almost the entire village40 8,didn't people mind if other dresses were made just like theirs80 asked ,ruth4 8,no10 said her mother1 8styles did not change quickly in those days4 ,indeed1 the getting of a new dress was a great event in the life of a girl1 and it was chosen most carefully4 ,illustration 8,you see1 it served first as a best dress2 then1 being turned1 it often served as second best4 ,after that1 perhaps it would be handed down to a younger child to be worn as long as it had been by its first owner40 8,my10 cried ,ruth4 8,i am glad ,i didn't live in the days when new dresses were so scarce40 ,mrs4 ,duwell smiled4 8,children to-day have more of everything than children ever had before4 ,they have more clothes and playthings1 and better chances for ed-u-ca-tion--but here comes your father1 ,ruth4 ,you may run and tell him of our plan for the evening40 ,mr4 ,duwell was very much pleased with the plan4 ,when the evening came he asked and answered many questions4 ,he then showed the children pictures of silkworms in a large book marked 8,s40 8,by the way10 he asked1 8do you know that we have silkworms right here in ,america8 ,the ,american silkworms spin silk as strong and beautiful as that of the ,chinese silkworms4 ,but the people here do not have the time or patience to grow silkworms40 ,,iv4 ,the ,party ,ruth's dress was not finished until an hour before the party began4 ,as soon as the last stitch was taken1 ,miss ,fells herself carried it to the ,duwell home4 ,ruth was 8on pins and needles0 for fear it would not be done in time1 and she was delighted to see the dressmaker4 8,oh1 ,miss ,fells1 ,i cannot thank you enough for getting it done60 she cried4 8,hurry and put your dress on10 said ,miss ,fells4 8,i want to see how it fits40 ,in less time than it takes to tell1 ,ruth was dressed4 8,it fits perfectly10 said ,miss ,fells1 who was almost as happy as ,ruth herself4 8,it certainly does10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,it is just right40 ,mildred was very glad when ,ruth arrived at the party1 for she knew of her worry about the dress4 8,it is beautiful1 ,ruth10 she said1 looking with sparkling eyes at the pretty smocking on the waist and skirt4 8,miss ,fells told me she was going to surprise you10 she added4 8,she surely did surprise me4 ,wasn't she kind60 replied ,ruth4 ,the party was a delight4 ,one of the games was a contest in needle threading4 ,ruth threaded her needle in the shortest time and won the prize1 a pretty silver thimble4 8,perhaps the new dress helped you to win10 said ,mildred4 8,won't ,miss ,fells be pleased when she hears about it10 said ,ruth4 ,,questions ,does your mother ever sew for a long time without resting8 ,how does her back feel when she stops8 ,do you think dressmaking is easy work8 ,can you tell some of the things dressmakers need in their work8 ,if you have ever visited a silk or woolen or cotton mill1 tell about it4 ,where do the mill owners get their materials8 ,where do the stores get ready-made clothing8 ,could you or the shoemaker or the baker make as beautiful and comfortable clothing as the dressmaker8 ,why can she do it so well8 ,how can we make her work easier8 ,,the ,,silk ,,dress 8,my dress is pretty10 a little girl said4 8,did you make it80 ,i asked4 ,she shook her head4 8,no1 ,i didn't make it10 she laughed in glee4 8,it took lots of people to make it10 said she4 8,i'll tell you about it1 because ,i know ,what my mother told me is truly so4 8,the silkworms grew it1 and after a while ,men unraveled it into a pile2 ,girls spun it and wove it and sent it away1 ,and my mother bought it for me one day2 ,and the dressmaker cut it and sewed it for me-- ,these are the reasons ,i love it10 said she4 ,,the ,,shoemaker ,i4 ,the ,worn ,shoes 8,where now1 ,wallace80 asked ,mr4 ,duwell as he met his son one bright afternoon4 ,the boy was carrying a bundle under his arm4 8,mother sent me over to the shoemaker's10 replied the boy4 8,i am glad ,i ran across you10 said ,mr4 ,duwell2 8,i have an errand over in that direction2 ,i'll walk along with you40 8,oh1 all right1 father4 ,mother said she wished she could ask you about my shoes4 ,we could not make up our minds whether they were worth half-soling or not40 8,why not talk the matter over with the shoemaker80 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,i suppose ,i shouldn't have let them get so worn before taking them to ,mr4 ,shoemaker's10 remarked ,wallace4 8,as mother says1 #8,a stitch in time saves nine1'0 remarked ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,by the way1 father10 continued ,wallace1 8isn't ,mr4 ,shoemaker's name a good one for a cobbler80 ,mr4 ,duwell smiled4 8,very good1 indeed2 but really it isn't so strange as it seems4 ,many years ago1 when people did not have two names1 they became known by the names of the trades they followed4 ,for instance1 ,john the baker became ,john ,baker1 and later ,mr4 ,baker2 so also the tailor became ,mr4 ,taylor2 the mason1 ,mr4 ,mason2 the carpenter1 ,mr4 ,carpenter40 8,and the blacksmith1 ,mr4 ,smith2 and the cook1 ,mr4 ,cook10 added ,wallace4 8,yes10 said his father1 8and we could think of many more such names2 but here we are at ,mr4 ,shoemaker's4 ,suppose you attend to this little matter of business by yourself1 while ,i do my errand40 ,this made ,wallace look pleased and important as he stepped into the shop4 8,good afternoon1 ,mr4 ,shoemaker10 he said4 8,good afternoon10 replied the shoemaker2 8what can ,i do for you to-day80 ,wallace handed him the parcel1 which he opened4 8,do you think it would pay to put half-soles and new heels on these shoes80 asked the boy4 8,pretty good uppers10 replied the shoemaker1 examining them carefully4 8,i think it would almost double the length of life of these shoes to mend them1 but ,i would not wear the next pair quite so long before having them mended40 8,i think you are right10 said ,wallace4 8,how much will you charge80 8,a dollar and a quarter for soles and heels10 replied the man4 8,isn't that a good deal80 asked ,wallace4 8,not too much if we use the best quality of leather1 and it doesn't pay to use any other40 8,all right1 ,mr4 ,shoemaker10 agreed ,wallace4 8,when shall ,i call for them80 8,on ,saturday10 he replied1 writing ,wallace's name on a tag4 8,very well1 good afternoon40 8,good-by10 said the shoemaker4 ,outside the door ,wallace was joined by his father4 8,i do not know whether ,i did right to leave my shoes1 father10 said ,wallace4 8,mr4 ,shoemaker said the charge would be a dollar and a quarter4 ,doesn't that seem a big price80 8,it does10 replied ,mr4 ,duwell1 8but ,i think you did right4 ,a new pair of such shoes would cost three dollars and seventy-five cents40 8,and three dollars and seventy-five cents1 less one dollar and a quarter1 equals two dollars and a half saved10 finished ,wallace4 8,that is true1 my boy10 said ,mr4 ,duwell1 8if they last as long as a new pair40 ,illustration3 ,,tell ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,this ,,picture4 ,illustration3 ,,can ,,you ,,tell ,,something ,,about ,,tanning ,,and ,,finishing ,,leather8 ,,have ,,you ,,ever ,,visited ,a ,,shoe ,,factory8 ,illustration3 ,,it ,,seems ,,strange ,,to ,,think ,,that ,,the ,,leather ,,in ,,our ,,shoes ,,was ,,once ,,worn ,,by ,,animals1 ,,doesn',t ,,it8 8,i suppose we ought to be very much obliged to the shoemaker1 even though we do pay him for his work10 mused the boy aloud4 8,so we should10 said his father4 8,everyone who does good work helps the world along1 whether he is paid for it or not40 8,but ,i shouldn't want to be a shoemaker10 went on ,wallace4 8,why not1 ,wallace80 8,oh1 ,i hardly know1 father40 8,shoemaking is very interesting1 and it requires skill1 my boy4 ,of course1 the making of new shoes does not require the skill it did years ago because so much of the work is done by machines40 8,did you ever hear of a shoemaker who became a great man80 asked ,wallace4 8,oh1 that is the question1 is it80 said ,mr4 ,duwell with a smile4 8,i have heard of several1 and this evening ,i shall be glad to talk about them40 ,,ii4 ,shoemakers ,who ,became ,famous ,that evening1 when the family was seated around the library table1 ,mr4 ,duwell brought out a book and took up ,wallace's question4 8,here is a book10 he said1 8that tells many facts about shoemakers who became noted men4 ,let me read about some of them4 8#8,one of our most famous ,american poets1 ,john ,greenleaf ,whittier1 in early life1 was a shoemaker4 ,whittier never forgot the lessons he learned while working at the shoemaker's bench4 ,his book of poems1 called ,songs of ,labor1 printed in #ahej1 contains a stirring poem about shoemakers4' 8,here are two other famous men10 said ,mr4 ,duwell1 turning the page he was reading4 8#8,among noted ,americans who were shoemakers was ,roger ,sherman1 of ,con-nec-ti-cut4 ,he was a member of the ,congress of #aggd4 ,sherman was one of the brave men who signed the ,dec-lar-a-tion of ,in-de-pen-dence4 8#8,at least one vice-president of the ,united ,states was a shoemaker--,henry ,wilson1 who was made vice-president when ,general ,grant became president in #ahgb4 ,he was often called 8the ,na-tick ,cobbler10 because he was once a shoemaker in the town of ,natick4' 8,so you see1 ,wallace10 ,mr4 ,duwell went on after a little pause1 8the kind of work you do doesn't matter so much4 ,it is how well you do it that makes the difference40 99 99 99 99 99 8,i think ,i do see1 father10 said ,wallace4 8,maybe1 after all1 ,i'll be a shoemaker4 ,then1 perhaps1 ,i'll become a poet or vice-president of the ,united ,states40 ,everybody laughed4 8,wouldn't you rather be a tailor80 asked ,ruth4 8,i don't believe ,i should stand as good a chance then10 replied ,wallace4 8,i am not so sure10 said ,mr4 ,duwell laughing4 8,andrew ,johnson was a tailor1 and he became ,president of the ,united ,states2 but all mother and ,i hope for1 son1 is that you will become a useful1 well-educated man40 ,,iii4 ,at the ,shoemaker's ,shop ,when he called for his shoes on ,saturday1 ,wallace looked at the shoemaker with new respect4 8,good morning1 ,mr4 ,shoemaker10 said ,wallace4 8,are my shoes ready80 8,good morning10 replied the shoemaker4 8,yes1 here they are40 8,they look fine60 exclaimed the boy4 8,thank you for doing such a good job4 ,here is the money--a dollar and a quarter--is that right80 8,yes1 thank you10 replied the shoemaker4 8,it isn't every day that a customer thanks me for doing a good job4 ,most people don't give a thought to anything but finding fault if the work isn't right--especially boys40 ,,questions ,is there a shoemaker's shop near your home8 ,did the shoemaker ever save you or your family any money8 ,can you tell about him and his shop8 ,what kind of customers do you think he likes8 ,see if you can make a list of the people whom you have to thank for a new pair of shoes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,rap-tap6 rap-tap-tap6 ,rings the shoemaker's hammer2 ,he's making old shoes look quite new ,with swift and merry clamor4 ,rap-tap6 rap-tap-tap6 ,list to the shoemaker's song2 ,by mending shoes he does his part ,to help the world along4 ,,stories ,,about ,,people ,,who ,,supply ,,us ,,with ,,shelter ,illustration ,,the ,,carpenter ,i4 ,a ,trip into the ,country 8,it's just possible that ,i may be home very early1 perhaps in time for twelve o'clock lunch10 remarked ,mr4 ,duwell1 one ,saturday morning as he was starting for business4 8,oh1 wouldn't that be fine60 exclaimed the children4 8,we'll be looking for you40 ,even before the noon whistles had ceased blowing1 three eager faces were peering out of the windows1 for ,mrs4 ,duwell was as interested as ,ruth and ,wallace4 8,oh1 ,i do hope father will come soon60 exclaimed ,ruth4 8,i am sure to see him first10 said ,wallace with a superior air4 8,i can see farther than you60 8,you can't see father any better than ,i can10 replied ,ruth1 8for ,i see him this minute40 8,you do8 ,where80 asked ,wallace4 8,i certainly do--may ,i run to meet him1 mother80 8,oh1 ,i see him60 cried ,wallace4 8,i am going1 too60 8,yes1 run60 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,you both have better eyes than ,i have40 ,almost before she had finished speaking1 the children were racing toward a carriage4 ,as the driver drew rein1 they climbed in4 8,well1 here we are60 ,mr4 ,duwell sang out1 as they drove up in front of the door4 8,what does the ,duwell family say to a ride this pleasant afternoon80 8,what a grand surprise60 called ,mrs4 ,duwell1 who was now standing on the top step4 8,i am going to get an apple for the horse10 cried ,wallace1 and away he ran4 ,in a moment he returned4 8,how does that taste1 old fellow80 he asked1 rubbing the horse's soft nose as he munched the apple4 8,he isn't really hungry10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,he had his dinner just before we left the livery stable1 and the stable man gave me a bag of grain for his supper2 but ,i guess he doesn't often get apples40 ,it didn't take long to eat lunch that day1 the family were so excited4 8,where are we going1 father80 asked ,wallace4 8,just into the country10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,it has been so long since we have seen the green fields that ,i thought a trip would do us all good40 ,soon they left the city streets behind1 and came to a beautiful country road1 along which they drove for several miles4 8,oh1 see that funny-looking house60 exclaimed ,ruth suddenly4 8,it looks like a cage60 8,that isn't a house1 yet10 said ,mr4 ,duwell2 8it is only the frame-work40 8,oh10 exclaimed ,wallace1 8is that the way wooden houses are built80 8,it is1 little city people10 replied ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,no wonder you are not familiar with such a sight4 ,city houses are not built of wood1 because of the danger of fire40 8,i should like to see that house closer10 said ,wallace4 8,we'll drive over there10 his father agreed1 turning the horse's head4 ,as they drew near1 ,wallace exclaimed1 8,why1 there's ,mr4 ,emerson on the porch2 he is my teacher4 ,i wonder what he is doing here40 ,at that moment ,mr4 ,emerson saw the boy4 8,good afternoon1 ,wallace10 he said1 lifting his hat and bowing to the party as he came toward the carriage4 8,good afternoon1 ,mr4 ,emerson10 said ,wallace1 lifting his cap2 8,i should like to have you meet my mother and father40 ,mr4 ,emerson bowed1 and shook hands with ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,and this is ,wallace's sister1 ,ruth10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,i am glad to know you1 ,ruth10 ,mr4 ,emerson said4 8,are you thinking of moving into the country80 he asked after a minute4 8,if so2 ,i hope you will be my neighbors40 8,do you live here1 ,mr4 ,emerson80 asked ,wallace4 8,not yet10 replied ,mr4 ,emerson1 smiling2 8but we hope to when the new house is finished40 8,what a comfortable home it will be10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 ,mr4 ,emerson looked pleased4 8,won't you come in and see the plan80 he asked4 8,thank you1 we shall be delighted to10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 ,,ii4 ,the ,sawmill ,after they had gone all over the house1 they bade ,mr4 ,emerson good-by and drove away4 8,won't it be fine6 ,how ,i should love to live there60 ,the children were still talking about the new house4 8,where do you suppose ,mr4 ,emerson got the wood80 questioned ,ruth4 8,i know10 answered ,wallace2 8at the lumber yard40 ,illustration 8,did he1 father8 ,couldn't he have just chopped down some of those trees over there80 asked ,ruth1 pointing to a wooded hill to the right4 8,i hardly think so10 replied ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,before trees can be used in building they have to be--0 8,sawed into boards and planks10 finished ,wallace4 8,good60 said his father4 8,and where is that done80 8,at the sawmill10 said the boy4 8,that reminds me--0 said ,mrs4 ,duwell2 8there is a sawmill over at the bottom of that hill4 ,mr4 ,emerson told me about it4 ,some of his lumber came from there40 8,then this road must lead to it10 said ,mr4 ,duwell1 pulling up at a cross-road that ran through the woods towards the hill4 8,what does that sign-post say1 ,wallace80 ,wallace jumped out and examined the dingy sign1 which was hardly readable4 8,sawmill ,road2 this is the right way60 he cried4 ,they had not driven far along the shady road when a peculiar1 whistling sound met their ears4 8,there's the saw1 now1 ,i believe60 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,so it is10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,trot along1 boy60 he urged the horse4 ,at a turn in the road they came upon the old sawmill1 nestling at the foot of the hill4 ,the smooth mill pond shone brightly in the sun4 ,as the water fell over the dam1 it tumbled into a noisy little brook which ran under a bridge and away down the valley4 ,the refreshing odor of pine and cedar filled the air4 ,several men were busy sawing the trunk of a pine tree into long1 clean planks4 ,the children watched the circular saw with wonder as its sharp teeth ate into the sweet-smelling wood4 ,its shrill music delighted them4 8,yes1 sir10 the foreman replied to a question of ,mr4 ,duwell's1 8most sawmills are run by steam power4 ,very few old-fashioned water wheels are left in this part of the country4 ,let me show you our wheel40 8,this is the sluice-way10 he explained1 pointing to a long narrow canal full of flowing water4 8,the sluice-way leads the water from the pond to the top of the wheel40 ,going down a flight of steps on the outside of the building1 they stood right beside the old moss-covered wheel4 ,it was a huge wooden framework with shelves or buckets all around the wide rim to catch the water4 ,the water poured out of the sluice-way over the wheel1 turning it slowly and steadily4 ,as the wheel turned1 the water kept falling with noisy splashes into the stream below4 8,what makes it go round80 asked ,wallace eagerly4 8,the force and weight of the water pouring over it10 replied the foreman4 8,that is what we call water power40 8,think of it1 children60 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,that old wheel helped to build ,mr4 ,emerson's house40 8,yes10 said the foreman1 8it has helped to build many houses besides ,mr4 ,emerson's4 ,that old water wheel has been sawing wood just as you see it now for over a hundred years40 ,,iii4 ,the ,carpenter ,on the way home the little party talked about their adventures4 8,mr4 ,emerson must have had help to build a house like that10 remarked ,ruth after a pause4 8,oh1 he didn't build it1 goosey10 said ,wallace4 8,who did1 then1 ,mr4 ,know-it-all80 8,why1 the carpenter1 of course10 ,wallace replied4 8,oh1 ,i see10 exclaimed ,ruth4 8,the carpenter builds the house for ,mr4 ,emerson1 and ,mr4 ,emerson has time to teach you boys40 8,that is exactly right1 little girl10 said her father4 8,besides1 no one person can do many things well4 ,perhaps ,mr4 ,emerson is a better teacher for not trying to do too many things10 ,mrs4 ,duwell added4 8,i think a carpenter is wonderful1 don't you80 said ,wallace4 8,the greatest man that ever lived was a carpenter10 said his mother4 8,whoa1 boy60 exclaimed ,mr4 ,duwell1 drawing up the reins sharply4 8,don't get frightened at a piece of paper1 when you've done so well4 ,whoa1 there1 boy60 ,the horse seemed to understand the quiet gentle voice1 and settled down to an even trot4 8,he will go well enough now10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,he knows we are headed for home40 8,so we are6 ,i wish we were headed the other way10 said ,wallace4 8,what makes a good time so short80 he asked1 so seriously that everybody laughed4 ,,iv4 ,the ,wolf's ,den 8,mother1 ,i may be late in getting home from school this afternoon10 said ,wallace on ,monday at noon4 8,mr4 ,emerson said he was going to take us for a walk after school to-day4 ,he told us to ask if it would be all right4 ,will it1 mother80 8,yes1 ,wallace1 but try to be home before dark40 8,i'll tell you all about our trip at supper time10 said ,wallace4 8,good-by40 ,wallace bounded in just as supper was being put on the table4 8,good evening1 everybody4 ,oh1 it was fine60 he exclaimed4 8,mr4 ,emerson took us for a long walk in the park--to a part ,i have never seen before40 8,that was splendid10 said his mother4 8,now1 tell us all about your trip10 said his father1 when ,wallace had partly satisfied his hunger4 ,wallace began3 8,we walked until we reached the wild part of the park4 ,soon we came to a steep hill and a great pile of high rocks covered with trees and bushes4 8#8,how many of you boys have ever been in a real cave8' ,mr4 ,emerson asked4 ,only three of us had1 and we were very much excited4 8#8,well1' he said1 #8right above that big granite rock there is a natural cave4 ,it was found only a few days ago4 ,the opening was covered with bushes1 so nobody knew it was there4 ,it must have been the den of some wild animal years ago4 ,the opening is so small that only one boy can go in at a time4' 8,he divided us into four sections and made me the leader of section one4 8,one at a time we climbed up until all five boys of my section were on top of the rock4 ,there was the cave1 a dark opening in the rocks about as big around as a barrel4 ,being the leader1 ,i had to go in first40 8,weren't you scared80 asked ,ruth4 8,well--it was exciting10 admitted her brother4 8,i got down on my hands and knees and looked in1 but could see nothing4 ,then ,i crawled in4 ,it was as dark as a pocket4 ,i tried to stand up and bumped my head1 the ceiling was so low4 8,in a minute or two ,i could see better4 ,the walls of the cave were nothing but rocks4 ,the floor was covered with sand and dry leaves4 ,there was just room enough to turn around in1 so ,i turned around and crawled out40 8,well1 ,i call that pretty brave1 ,wallace1 to go in first10 his mother said4 8,there wasn't anything to be afraid of1 mother10 said ,wallace4 ,after a moment he continued1 8,well1 after the boys in my group had all been in1 we climbed down1 and the other sections went up and did the same thing4 ,every boy went in1 although some of the little fellows looked pretty white when they came out4 ,then we sat on the rocks1 and ,mr4 ,emerson talked about the homes of wild animals and the early savages4 8#8,what animal do you suppose lived in this cave8' ,mr4 ,emerson asked us4 ,some guessed wolves and some1 bears4 ,we finally decided to name it ,the ,wolf's ,den4 ,v4 ,the ,cave ,dwellers 8,mr4 ,emerson said that wild animals live in just the same way to-day as they always did4 ,they live in caves and holes in the ground or in hollow trees1 where they can hide and keep warm4 8,one boy spoke up1 #8,how about dogs1 ,mr4 ,emerson8' 8#8,well1' ,mr4 ,emerson said1 #8dogs are tame animals now1 although they used to be wild4 ,but even the dog's house is a wooden cave which his master builds for him4' 8,he told us that a long time ago people lived in caves which they dug in the earth like animals4 ,they were cave dwellers or cave men4 ,the reason we have better homes now is that we have greater minds than animals and have learned to use our hands and brains to build houses4 8,he said that the cave men must have thought it wonderful when they found they could make stone hatchets sharp enough to cut down small trees4 ,with them they learned to make huts out of wood1 which were larger and more comfortable than caves and just as safe from storms4 8,as time went on1 men paid more attention to building4 ,they learned to make houses of stone and clay and brick4 ,they kept on studying and improving until they were able to build great cities such as we have to-day40 8,listen60 exclaimed ,ruth1 clapping her hands as ,wallace finished his story4 8,wouldn't ,wallace make a good teacher6 ,that sounded exactly like the way ,mr4 ,emerson talks40 8,nothing like so interesting1 though10 said ,wallace4 8,he promised to show us his new house when it is finished40 8,wouldn't ,i like to go with you60 said ,ruth4 ,,questions ,are there any houses being built near you8 ,have you ever watched the carpenter at work8 ,tell about some of his tools4 ,in the early days in this country men had to build their own houses4 ,were these log cabins as comfortable and well built as our houses are to-day8 ,how is it that the carpenter can do so much better work than you could8 ,where does the carpenter get his lumber8 ,have you ever visited a sawmill8 ,wouldn't you like to ask at the library for some books that tell about cave men and cliff dwellers8 about lumbering8 ,illustration ,,the ,,bricklayer ,i4 ,the ,fallen ,chimney ,all day long the rain came pouring down4 ,by night the wind rose with a shriek and a roar1 banging unfastened shutters and rattling windows in their casings4 8,oh1 dear1 what an awful night60 exclaimed ,ruth4 8,how glad ,i am that ,fluffy is safe indoors60 and she stroked the little cat lying on a cushion on the sewing machine4 8,and how glad ,i am that ,harry ,teelow found that lost puppy to-day10 said ,wallace4 8,pretty bad1 isn't it80 ,mr4 ,duwell said1 looking up from his paper4 8,i don't suppose the bricklayer came to mend the chimney to-day4 ,he couldn't have worked in such a storm40 8,no1 he did not come10 replied ,mrs4 ,duwell with a troubled look4 8,do you suppose there is any danger of its tumbling down80 8,well1 ,i can't say10 replied ,mr4 ,duwell1 shaking his head doubtfully4 8,i wish ,i had stopped to see ,mr4 ,bricklayer a week ago when ,i first discovered how loose the bricks were1 instead of waiting until--0 ,but he did not finish the sentence1 for bang6 even above the terrific noise of the storm came the sound of falling bricks and broken glass4 ,the family rushed into the little kitchen1 which was built on the end of the house4 ,what a sight met their eyes6 ,water was pouring through a hole in the ceiling where the roof had given way4 ,rain splashed in great gusty dashes through the window where the bricks had broken through4 ,already there was a little lake on the floor4 ,ruth was the first to speak4 8,if it keeps on10 she said1 half laughing and half crying1 8it will be quite deep enough for ,alice and the mouse and the ,dodo to swim in60 ,she was thinking of ,alice in ,wonderland1 you know4 ,that made everybody laugh1 and all began to work4 ,they placed tubs and pails where they would catch the water1 and stuffed old cloths into the broken window panes4 ,it was fully an hour before the family were settled down again in the living room4 8,well1 children1 you can now understand the saying1 #8,never put off till to-morrow what should be done to-day1'0 remarked ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,it is a lesson none of us will soon forget10 added ,mrs4 ,duwell4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,this ,,picture ,,shows ,a ,,clay ,,pit1 ,a ,,kiln1 ,,brickmakers1 ,,brick ,,roadway1 ,,culvert1 ,,chimney1 ,,bridge1 ,,men ,,laying ,,bricks4 8,could you and ,i have mended the broken chimney1 father80 asked ,wallace4 8,not very well1 my boy10 replied ,mr4 ,duwell4 8#8,every man to his trade1' you know4 ,by the way1 ,i hope ,mr4 ,bricklayer will be here before you children start to school in the morning4 ,run to bed now so that you can be up early to see him begin his work40 ,,ii4 ,the ,bricklayer ,the next day dawned bright and sunny1 with only a merry little breeze to remind one of yesterday's storm4 ,the bricklayer did not come before the children started to school in the morning1 but just after lunch4 ,they had only time to watch him and his helper climb to the roof4 8,i am going to get home from school early10 said ,wallace2 8maybe they will not be through by that time40 8,i am1 too10 ,ruth chimed in4 8,i wonder what bricks are10 she added4 8,bricks8 ,why1 don't you know80 asked ,wallace4 8,our manual training teacher told us that bricks are a sort of imitation stone made of moistened clay and sand mixed together1 and shaped as we see them4 ,they are baked in an oven-like place1 called a kiln1 or dried in the sun40 8,oh1 ,i didn't know that4 ,i wonder who first thought of making them4 ,they are something like sun-baked mud-pies10 said ,ruth4 8,our teacher said that bricks three thousand years old have been found in ,egypt1 some with writing on them40 8,oh1 ,i remember that the ,bible tells about bricks4 ,why1 ,wallace1 men must have been bricklayers for thousands of years60 8,it is lucky for us they haven't forgotten how to make them1 for what could we do without a chimney80 said ,wallace4 8,hello1 there is ,harry6 ,i want to see him about the ball game20 and away he ran4 ,,iii4 ,after ,school ,wallace brought ,harry1 and ,ruth brought ,mildred ,maydole home after school to watch the bricklayer work4 8,why1 how straight and true the bricks must be60 exclaimed ,harry4 8,a bricklayer has to be very careful1 doesn't he80 8,indeed he does10 replied ,wallace4 8,do you know what the mortar is made of80 8,yes2 ,i think ,i do4 ,it is lime and sand and--something else10 ,harry said4 ,that made them all laugh4 8,i think the most wonderful brick work ,i ever saw10 said ,mildred1 8was in the arch of a big sewer4 ,i couldn't tell why the bricks didn't all fall down4 ,my father said the mortar held them40 8,why1 if it weren't for bricklayers1 and cement workers1 and stone masons1 we should be without lots of things60 exclaimed ,harry4 8,just imagine it1 if you can40 8,that's so10 said ,wallace4 8,let's count what we know of that they build for us--sewers1 bridge piers1--go on1 ,mildred40 8,pavements10 added ,mildred4 8,houses and chimneys10 said ,ruth4 8,foundations for houses10 said ,harry4 8,here comes father60 cried ,ruth suddenly2 and all the children ran to meet him4 8,we've been talking about how it would be if there were no bricklayers1 or stone masons1 or cement workers1 father10 said ,wallace4 8,i'm glad to hear that10 said ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,i was thinking very much the same thing as ,i walked home so soon after such a heavy rain without getting my feet wet4 8,i remember what ,benjamin ,franklin wrote10 he went on1 8about the streets of ,philadelphia in his day4 ,he said the mud after a storm was so deep that it came above the people's shoe-tops4 ,it was ,benjamin ,franklin himself who first talked of paving the streets40 8,i'm glad they aren't as bad as they were in ,benjamin ,franklin's time10 said ,mildred4 ,,questions ,have you ever watched a bricklayer working8 ,what was he doing8 ,could you have done it8 ,where do you suppose he got his bricks8 ,have you ever seen bricks being made8 ,are bricklayers1 cement workers1 and stone masons more needed in the city or in the country8 ,why8 99 99 99 99 99 ,do you know how our city grew1 ,its lofty buildings raising8 ,its pavements1 parks1 and bridges1 too-- ,whose labors are they praising8 ,just the workmen who every day ,did their work in the very best way4 ,illustration ,,the ,,plumber1 ,,the ,,plasterer1 ,,the ,,painter ,i4 ,a ,visit to a ,little ,town 8,i have an errand to do just outside the city limits10 said ,mr4 ,duwell one pleasant ,saturday morning4 8,would you like to go with me1 ,wallace80 8,i certainly should10 said the boy4 ,in a few minutes father and son were on the electric car1 speeding toward ,oldtown4 ,when there1 they walked up the main street1 which was lined with rows of shabby houses1 badly in need of paint4 ,little pools of standing water lay in the gutters4 8,what an awful smell6 ,i should think it would make people sick6 ,and look at the flies60 exclaimed ,wallace4 8,i have no doubt it does make people sick10 said ,mr4 ,du well4 8,flies and mosquitoes breed very rapidly in such places40 8,flies and mosquitoes carry disease germs1 ,mr4 ,emerson says10 observed ,wallace4 8,so they do2 they are more dangerous to health than poi-son-ous snakes10 his father said4 8,why don't the people clean their gutters80 asked ,wallace4 8,i suppose they do sometimes10 replied his father2 8but ,oldtown will never be clean and healthy while the dirty water from the houses is drained into the streets and alleys4 ,waste water must be carried off by means of pipes into a sewer4 ,that is the work of the plumber4 ,a good plumber is a health officer40 8,what a lot of people it takes to keep things going right1 father6 ,this town certainly does need a plumber10 remarked ,wallace4 ,this remark seemed to please ,mr4 ,duwell very much4 8,how would you like to move to ,oldtown1 ,wallace80 asked his father when their errand was finished and they were riding home4 8,i shouldn't mind10 said ,wallace1 8if ,i were a plumber40 ,,ii4 ,at ,home ,when ,ruth saw them coming1 she ran to meet them4 8,what do you think1 father60 she exclaimed2 8the plasterer came while you were gone1 and mended the kitchen ceiling4 ,mother is so pleased6 ,come and look at it60 8,that's very well done10 said ,mr4 ,duwell1 examining the neat patch over the large hole which the falling chimney had made4 8,but it makes the whole room look as if it needed a new coat of paint4 ,what do you think1 mother80 8,i think it would make me a better cook to have a nice clean kitchen10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell1 smiling4 8,you couldn't be a better cook1 mother60 ,wallace said1 eyeing the good meal which was ready to be put on the dining table4 8,that is what we all think1 ,wallace10 said his father2 8and we think1 too1 that such a good cook deserves a better kitchen4 ,so on ,monday ,i will ask the painter to see about doing the walls and woodwork40 ,,iii4 ,the ,new ,kitchen ,when the men had finished their work the kitchen was so changed that it scarcely knew itself1 as ,wallace said4 ,instead of dim walls and dull-gray paint1 everything was white and blue4 ,a shining white sink with two bright nickel spigots was standing proudly in one corner of the room4 ,mrs4 ,duwell had just finished hanging a white dotted muslin curtain at the window over the sink when ,ruth entered4 8,oh1 mother1 doesn't that look lovely60 she exclaimed4 8,i thought such a bright clean kitchen deserved a clean new curtain10 said her mother4 8,isn't the kitchen beautiful60 ,ruth went on4 8,it seems like living in a fairy tale--as though we had wakened up to find things changed by magic40 8,it does1 in a way10 agreed her mother2 8but1 really1 they were every-day fairies who brought about these changes and turned ugliness into beauty40 8,i think ,i know their names10 ,ruth said1 laughing2 8,mr4 ,plumber1 ,mr4 ,plasterer1 and ,mr4 ,painter40 8,why1 how did you guess80 said her mother4 ,,questions ,did the plumber ever come to your house8 ,what did he do8 ,what would have happened if you could not have found a plumber8 ,none of us would like to live in a town where there are no plumbers4 ,why not8 ,shut your eyes and try to imagine how the ,duwell family's kitchen looked before the workmen began to work2 now imagine that they have finished their work4 ,tell how different it looks4 ,have workmen ever made such changes in your home8 ,can you name some other people besides the carpenter1 the bricklayer1 the plumber1 the plasterer1 and the painter who help give us shelter8 ,illustration ,,stories ,,about ,,people ,,who ,,supply ,,us ,,with ,,fuel ,,the ,,coal ,,man ,,and ,,the ,,miner ,i4 ,black ,diamonds 8,how are the black diamonds holding out1 ,wallace80 asked ,mrs4 ,duwell4 ,wallace had just brought up coal from the cellar4 ,illustration 8,only a few more scuttlefuls in the bin1 mother10 answered ,wallace4 8,on your way from school you may stop at the coal yard and ask ,mr4 ,carr to send a ton to-morrow40 ,illustration 8,all right1 mother1 ,i won't forget4 ,but tell me1 why do they call coal black diamonds80 8,i haven't time to talk about it now4 ,perhaps ,mr4 ,carr will tell you4 ,you have just ten minutes to get to school40 ,on his way home ,wallace stepped into the little office of the big coal yard4 8,how are you1 my boy2 what can ,i do for you to-day80 asked ,mr4 ,carr1 who was a rather tall man with a bent back and one shoulder higher than the other4 8,how do you do1 ,mr4 ,carr80 replied ,wallace4 8,mother wants you to send a ton of coal to-morrow--the same kind as the last you sent40 ,wallace waited until the coal man entered the order in the book and then asked1 8,mr4 ,carr1 will you tell me why they call coal black diamonds80 ,mr4 ,carr smiled pleasantly4 8,certainly1 son1 certainly4 ,you see1 coal shines like diamonds1 and then1 it's worth more40 8,worth more8 ,why1 ,i thought diamonds were worth more than anything else40 8,no1 indeed6 ,if there weren't any coal in the ground1 all the diamonds in the world wouldn't heat a house1 cook a meal1 pull a railway train1 or run a machine40 8,well1 ,i never thought of that10 said ,wallace4 8,you certainly could not burn diamonds in a cook-stove40 8,no1 indeed60 said ,mr4 ,carr1 who seemed much pleased at ,wallace's interest4 ,,ii4 ,in a ,coal ,mine 8,were you ever down in a coal mine1 ,mr4 ,carr80 asked ,wallace4 8,was ,i ever down in a coal mine80 repeated ,mr4 ,carr4 8,yes1 sir1 ,i was a miner for years in the coal regions1 and would have been in a mine yet1 probably1 if it hadn't been for this10 pointing to his shoulder and bent back4 8,is it very dangerous work80 asked ,wallace1 with wide-open eyes4 8,well1 if the roof doesn't fall on you1 and if the mine doesn't catch fire1 and if the gas doesn't choke you1 or explode and blow you up1 it isn't dangerous2 it is perfectly safe40 8,but how did it get hurt--your shoulder1 ,i mean80 asked ,wallace4 8,oh1 that6 ,i'll tell you4 ,one day we were getting out coal at the far end of a tunnel4 ,suddenly1 before we had time to run1 the roof came tumbling down and buried us4 ,when they pulled us out1 my helper was dead1 and my back was as you see it now40 8,what makes mining so dangerous80 asked ,wallace1 in surprise4 8,well1 you see1 it's this way4 ,when you step into the cage1 that is the elevator1 you leave the sunlight behind4 ,the cage sinks down1 down into pitch darkness1 sometimes hundreds of feet4 ,at the bottom of the shaft it is like an under-ground city4 ,street-like tunnels1 with car tracks laid on them1 run out in every direction4 ,the coal cars are drawn by mules or by electricity4 8,as you go up the tracks you see cross tunnels and the miners' little lamps shining in dark holes that look like black caves4 ,here the miners work1 blasting out the coal1 and loading it on cars to be drawn to the mouth of the mine and hoisted up into daylight4 8,sometimes the walls and roof are not properly braced4 ,then they cave in and great lumps of coal fall down on the men4 ,sometimes gas or fire-damp collects4 ,then there is danger of choking or of being blown up4 ,sometimes1 in blasting1 the coal catches fire1 so that the whole mine burns40 ,illustration3 ,,can ,,you ,,tell ,a ,,story ,,about ,,the ,,journey ,,of ,a ,,ton ,,of ,,coal ,,from ,,the ,,time ,,the ,,miner ,,digs ,,it ,,out ,,of ,,the ,,mine1 ,,and ,,boys ,,sort ,,out ,,the ,,slate1 ,,until ,,it ,,is ,,put ,,into ,,the ,,furnace ,,in ,a ,,house8 8,why1 miners must be as brave as soldiers10 said ,wallace4 8,yes1 ,i suppose they are brave4 ,people do not know how much they owe to the miners4 ,they risk their lives every time they go down into the mines4 ,but they don't think much about the danger4 ,that is part of their work40 8,thank you for telling me about it10 said ,wallace4 8,you are welcome1 my boy2 good-by40 8,good-by1 ,mr4 ,carr40 ,wallace hurried home with a new respect for ,mr4 ,carr and the men who work in the dark mines under the ground4 ,,questions ,how does the coal man bring the coal to your house8 ,from whom does he buy it8 ,pretend you are a piece of coal and tell the story of your life4 ,name some of the things which we would have to do without if there were no miners or coal men4 ,do you burn anything else at your house besides coal8 ,are the men who supply us with these things our helpers too8 ,where does the wood man get kindling and firewood8 ,where does the oil man get oil8 ,will you ask for a book about p-trl-m1 or coal oil1 when you go to the library next time8 ,can you think of any other people who supply us with fuel8 ,,stories ,,about ,,people ,,who ,,care ,,for ,,our ,,health ,illustration ,,the ,,dentist ,i4 ,why ,ruth ,was ,afraid 8,oh1 dear60 sobbed ,ruth4 8,o--h1 dear60 ,she was sitting in her little rocking-chair in the living-room4 8,why1 what's the matter80 asked ,wallace1 coming in to look for his books4 8,are you hurt80 8,no20 ,ruth shook her head4 8,well1 then1 what is it80 8,oh1 ,wallace1 ,i am so afraid ,i'm going to be hurt4 ,mother says there is a dark spot on one of my teeth4 ,she is getting ready to take me to ,doctor ,harrison's4 ,i have never had a tooth filled40 8,well1 of all the silly things ,i ever heard of10 exclaimed ,wallace1 8that's the silliest6 ,what makes you think the dentist will hurt you80 ,ruth looked up in surprise4 8,haven't you ever heard the boys and girls talk of how they were hurt when they had teeth filled80 she asked4 8,oh1 ,i have heard some boys talk10 ,wallace admitted2 8but they were boys who never cleaned their teeth--0 8,and who did not see a dentist until they had a toothache10 added ,mrs4 ,duwell1 overhearing ,wallace's remark as she entered the room4 8,what1 crying80 she asked1 noticing ,ruth's swollen eye-lids4 8,why1 my dear little girl1 the dentist is one of your best friends40 8,i guess some of the girls and boys would like him better if he didn't hurt them so much1 mother10 said ,ruth4 8,that isn't the dentist's fault1 children10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,if boys and girls had their teeth examined once or twice a year1 the dentist would catch the trouble in time and save them much pain40 8,i don't suppose dentists ever want to hurt anyone10 ,ruth said4 8,no1 indeed4 ,i think they are very kind to be willing to do so in order to save teeth4 ,it is dreadful to have bad teeth4 ,nothing tastes just right2 and worse than that1 bad teeth mean bad health4 ,good teeth are a grist mill to grind our food4 ,without good teeth we cannot have good health40 8,that is so10 said ,wallace4 8,even horses aren't worth much after their teeth are gone40 8,why can't they wear false ones80 asked ,ruth with such seriousness that ,wallace burst out laughing4 8,i wish they could1 poor things10 said her mother2 8but come1 dear1 we must start40 ,illustration ,,ii4 ,at the ,dentist's 8,ah1 here is a little girl whose mouth looks as though she brushed her teeth regularly10 said ,doctor ,harrison1 as he raised the big comfortable arm chair in which ,ruth was sitting4 8,she certainly is good about that1 doctor10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,even so10 said the doctor1 8,i think ,i shall give her one of my little picture cards40 ,ruth looked so pleased that he handed her two4 8,one is for ,wallace10 ,ruth said4 8,that picture is to remind forgetful children10 said the doctor4 8,now let us look at the twenty-odd pearls in your mouth1 little girl40 99 99 99 99 99 8,oh1 ,wallace1 ,doctor ,harrison didn't hurt me a bit10 cried ,ruth1 running into the living-room after they had reached home4 8,he said that he didn't often hurt people who came to him in time4 ,here is a card1 he gave me for you40 8,thank you10 said ,wallace1 looking at the card4 8,oh1 it's to remind me to brush my teeth4 ,i wonder if he thought ,i needed it40 8,no1 ,doctor ,harrison didn't say that1 ,wallace2 but he did say that we wouldn't want to eat anything with dirty hands1 and that really dirty teeth are worse than dirty hands40 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,road ,,to ,,health4 ,,questions ,do you have your teeth examined once or twice a year8 ,the dentist is one of your best friends4 ,why8 ,do you think that the people in the ,united ,states would be as well as they are1 if there were no dentists8 ,why not8 ,suppose you had a toothache and there was no dentist to whom you could go4 ,what would happen8 ,aren't you glad that there are men who have studied1 so that they can help you take care of your teeth8 99 99 99 99 99 ,suppose we children had to live ,without the help of others-- ,i mean1 suppose we had to grow ,without the help of mothers2 ,suppose there were no groceryman1 ,no milkman1 doctor1 baker1 ,no tailor who could make our coats1 ,and there were no dressmaker2 ,suppose no people ever did ,the things that they could do ,to help each other in this world-- ,i wouldn't want to live1 would you8 ,illustration ,,the ,,druggist1 ,,the ,,nurse1 ,,and ,,the ,,doctor ,i4 ,the ,sick ,baby 8,ruth1 ,i wish you would stop at ,doctor ,marcy's office on your way to school10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell a few days later1 8and ask him to come to see the baby4 ,the little thing has a high fever40 8,oh1 dear1 ,i hope baby won't be sick60 exclaimed ,ruth1 kissing her mother good-by4 ,all the morning she remembered her mother's troubled look4 ,at noon she did not stop to talk with the girls1 but hurried home as fast as she could4 ,wallace was there before her1 though1 having run all the way4 ,he met her at the door4 8,ruth10 he whispered1 8,i met ,doctor ,marcy as he came out1 and he says that the baby has pneumonia1,b and it is a bad case4 ,mother doesn't know ,i am home4 ,can't we get some lunch ready to take to her80 8,yes1 indeed10 replied ,ruth1 tiptoeing into the kitchen4 8,you put the kettle on the fire and ,i'll make some tea and milk toast40 ,mrs4 ,duwell looked very pale and weary when the children appeared with the lunch tray4 8,i didn't know you were home1 ,ruth10 she whispered1 stepping into the hall4 8,how quietly you must have worked1 children40 8,is there anything else we can do to help80 asked ,wallace4 8,why1 yes1 there is1 ,wallace4 ,you may take this pre-scrip-tion to the drug store to be filled4 ,ask the druggist to send the medicine over as soon as possible40 ,just then the baby gave a pitiful little moan1 which made the mother turn again to the crib4 ,the children stole softly downstairs4 ,illustration 8,i'll run right over to the drug store1 ,ruth10 ,wallace said1 forgetting his own lunch4 ,,ii4 ,the ,druggist 8,good morning1 ,mr4 ,jones10 he said breathlessly as he entered the store4 8,baby is very ill1 and mother wishes this prescription filled4 ,she told me to ask if you would please send the medicine over just as soon as possible40 8,baby sick8 ,how sorry ,i am1 ,wallace10 said ,mr4 ,jones4 8,of course we will send it soon4 ,i will see to it at once40 8,oh1 thank you40 ,wallace drew a sigh of relief4 8,how much will it be1 please80 ,the druggist examined the queer ,latin words of the doctor's prescription4 8,this calls for one very expensive medicine1 ,wallace10 he said2 8so we shall have to charge seventy-five cents40 8,that will be all right10 said ,wallace4 ,when he reached home ,ruth had a nice lunch spread for him4 8,i am not going to school this afternoon1 ,wallace10 she told him4 8,i'm going to tidy up the house1 and help mother40 8,look at the clock1 ,ruth60 exclaimed ,wallace suddenly1 8,i must start right away--the medicine will be seventy-five cents40 8,i will have the money ready10 said ,ruth4 8,good-by40 ,the druggist's boy came with the medicine a few minutes after ,wallace left1 and the baby was given the first dose at once4 ,when their father came the children had supper ready1 but no one ate much4 8,i am glad you can be so helpful1 children10 he said4 ,,iii4 ,the ,trained ,nurse ,for five days the whole family did everything they knew to help save the baby's life4 ,mr4 ,duwell was worried not only about the baby but about the children's mother4 8,i agree with the doctor that it would be much wiser to have a trained nurse10 he said on ,saturday afternoon4 8,but mother cannot bear the thought of letting anyone else take care of the baby10 said ,ruth4 8,i know that mother is a splendid nurse10 ,mr4 ,duwell continued2 8but a trained nurse knows all the best new methods of nursing1 and could give much relief to mother1 who is tired out40 ,just then the bell rang4 8,it is the doctor10 said ,ruth4 ,mr4 ,duwell went to the door1 followed by the little girl4 ,the doctor was not alone4 ,with him was a young lady4 ,ruth liked her at once2 she seemed so quiet and strong1 and looked so kind4 ,illustration3 ,,do ,,you ,,think ,,this ,,is ,,the ,,right ,,kind ,,of ,,bed ,,for ,a ,,sick ,,baby8 ,,why ,,not8 8,how do you do1 sir80 said ,doctor ,marcy to ,mr4 ,duwell4 8,this is ,miss ,foster1 a trained nurse4 ,i am taking matters in my own hands1 you see4 ,that good wife of yours is entirely worn out40 8,i am pleased to meet ,miss ,foster and ,i am very much obliged to you for bringing her1 doctor10 ,mr4 ,duwell replied4 8,it seems to me to be the very best thing to do4 ,i have tried to persuade ,mrs4 ,duwell to see things that way10 said the doctor4 8,oh1 come upstairs1 doctor10 called ,mrs4 ,duwell1 hearing the doctor's voice2 8,i think baby is scarcely breathing40 8,come10 said the doctor to the nurse1 leading the way4 ,mrs4 ,duwell was standing near the crib as they entered4 8,this is the nurse ,i was talking about10 the doctor said1 introducing ,miss ,foster1 and turning to look at the baby4 8,i am very glad--0 ,mrs4 ,duwell started to speak1 but she fainted away before she could finish the sentence4 ,the nurse did not seem frightened4 ,she laid ,mrs4 ,duwell flat on the floor4 ,after sprinkling cold water on her face1 she held some smelling salts to her nose4 ,in a minute or two ,mrs4 ,duwell opened her eyes4 8,i must have fainted10 she said2 8,i am so glad you were here1 nurse4 ,doctor1 how is baby80 8,about as ,i expected10 the doctor replied4 8,i believe the worst will be over to-night4 ,now1 ,i want you to take this medicine which ,miss ,foster will give you1 and lie down for a while4 ,i expect to come back about ten o'clock to-night4 ,good-by2 please obey ,miss ,foster's orders10 he added4 8,it is such a relief to my mind1 doctor10 said ,mr4 ,duwell1 meeting him at the foot of the stairs1 8to know that the nurse is here40 8,it is a relief10 replied the doctor4 8,if the strain had kept on much longer1 ,mrs4 ,duwell would have had a long term of illness40 ,,iv4 ,the ,doctor1 a ,hero ,the doctor and nurse watched by the baby's bedside until the danger was passed4 ,both wore happy smiles when the doctor assured the tired ,duwell family that the baby would live4 8,oh1 doctor1 money cannot pay you for your kindness10 said ,mrs4 ,duwell4 8,through rain and snow storms1 at midnight and at daybreak1 you have come to help us4 ,how tired you must often be40 8,it is true1 doctor10 ,mr4 ,duwell added2 8you risk your life as willingly as a soldier does1 every time you go into danger40 8,we doctors don't think anything about that10 replied ,doctor ,marcy modestly4 8,we are so anxious to have people get well40 8,why1 doctors are heroes like soldiers60 exclaimed ,wallace1 looking at the doctor with new respect4 8,i never thought of that before60 8,nurses are1 too10 whispered ,ruth2 but ,doctor ,marcy overheard4 8,that is right1 ,ruth10 he said4 8,nurses are1 too40 ,,questions ,the ,druggist ,how long does a druggist have to study in order to fill prescriptions8 ,would it be safe to let those who have not studied handle medicines8 ,why not8 ,how near is a drug store to your home8 ,can you imagine how it would be to live ten miles from a drug store8 ,the ,nurse ,can you give some reasons why a trained nurse can care for a sick person better than an untrained one8 ,do you know any trained nurses8 ,how long does a trained nurse study before graduation8 ,the ,doctor ,did you ever need a doctor at your house8 ,how did you let him know8 ,did he come quickly8 ,what might have happened if he had not come8 ,pretend1 you are a country doctor and tell about some of your long drives4 ,do you think doctors are heroes8 ,why8 ,,footnote3 ,b ,pronounced n-mn-4 ,,one ,,for ,,all ,,and ,,all ,,for ,,one ,a ,play ,parts to be taken by ,pupils ,section ,i ,baker ,milkman ,butcher ,grocer or others who supply food ,section ,,ii ,tailor ,dressmaker ,shoemaker ,milliner or others who supply clothing ,section ,,iii ,bricklayer ,carpenter ,painter ,plumber or others who supply shelter ,section ,,iv ,coal man ,miner ,wood man ,oil man or others who supply fuel ,section ,v ,doctor ,druggist ,nurse or others who help keep us well ,teacher to ,sec4 ,i4 ,what do you do8 ,baker4 ,i am the baker2 ,i bake bread4 ,milkman4 ,i am the milkman2 ,i supply the milk4 ,butcher4 ,i am the butcher2 ,i supply the meat4 ,grocer4 ,i am the grocer2 ,i sell groceries4 ,teacher4 ,do you make clothing or build houses8 ,baker4 ,no1 we supply food for all2 that is our part4 99 99 99 99 99 ,teacher to ,sec4 ,,ii4 ,what do you do8 ,tailor4 ,i am the tailor2 ,i make the clothing4 ,dressmaker4 ,i am the dressmaker2 ,i make dresses4 ,shoemaker4 ,i am the shoemaker2 ,i make shoes4 ,milliner4 ,i am the milliner2 ,i make the hats4 ,teacher4 ,do you supply food or fuel8 ,tailor4 ,no1 we make clothing for all2 that is our part4 99 99 99 99 99 ,teacher to ,sec4 ,,iii4 ,what do you do8 ,bricklayer4 ,i am the bricklayer2 ,i lay the bricks4 ,carpenter4 ,i am the carpenter2 ,i build the houses4 ,painter4 ,i am the painter2 ,i paint the houses4 ,plumber4 ,i am the plumber2 ,i fit the pipes4 ,teacher4 ,do you make clothes or attend the sick8 ,bricklayer4 ,no1 we build houses for all2 that is our part4 99 99 99 99 99 ,teacher to ,sec4 ,,iv4 ,and what do you do8 ,coal man4 ,i am the coal man2 ,i deliver the coal4 ,miner4 ,i am the miner2 ,i dig the coal4 ,wood man4 ,i am the wood man2 ,i cut the wood4 ,oil man4 ,i am the oil man2 ,i supply oil4 ,teacher4 ,do you supply food or clothing8 ,coalman4 ,no1 we furnish fuel2 that is our part4 99 99 99 99 99 ,teacher to ,sec4 ,v4 ,and what do you do8 ,doctor4 ,i am the doctor2 ,i heal the sick4 ,druggist4 ,i am the druggist2 ,i sell medicines4 ,nurse4 ,i am the nurse2 ,i help the doctor4 ,teacher4 ,do you build houses or furnish fuel8 ,doctor4 ,no1 we keep people well1 or aid them when they are ill2 that is our part4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all recite3 ,one works for all and all for one1 ,and so the work of the world gets done4 ,illustration3 ,,one ,,for ,,all ,,all ,,for ,,one4 ,,part ,,iii ,,the ,,american ,,red ,,cross ,junior ,membership and ,school ,activities ,illustration ,,the ,,junior ,,red ,,cross ,in ,september1 #aiag1 ,president ,wilson sent out a letter from the ,white ,house in ,washington to the school children of the ,united ,states4 ,he told them that the ,president of the ,united ,states is the ,president of the ,american ,red ,cross1 and he said that the ,red ,cross people wanted the children to help them in their work4 ,their work1 you know1 is to help all those who are suffering or in need4 ,such work is so beautiful that it is really doing golden deeds4 ,now read for yourself this letter from the ,president of the ,united ,states which belongs to every school child in ,america4 ,a ,,proclamation ,to the ,school ,children of the ,united ,states3 ,the ,president of the ,united ,states is also ,president of the ,american ,red ,cross4 ,it is from these offices joined in one that ,i write you a word of greeting at this time when so many of you are beginning the school year4 ,the ,american ,red ,cross has just prepared a ,junior ,membership with ,school ,activities in which every pupil in the ,united ,states can find a chance to serve our country4 ,the ,school is the natural center of your life4 ,through it you can best work in the great cause of freedom to which we have all pledged ourselves4 ,our ,junior ,red ,cross will bring to you opportunities of service to your community and to other communities all over the world and guide your service with high and religious ideals4 ,it will teach you how to save in order that suffering children elsewhere may have a chance to live4 ,it will teach you how to prepare some of the supplies which wounded soldiers and homeless families lack4 ,it will send to you through the ,red ,cross ,bulletins the thrilling stories of relief and rescue4 ,and best of all1 more perfectly than through any of your other school lessons1 you will learn by doing those kind things under your teacher's direction to be future good citizens of this great country which we all love4 ,and ,i commend to all school teachers in the country the simple plan which the ,american ,red ,cross has worked out to provide for your coperation1 knowing as ,i do that school children will give their best service under the direct guidance and instruction of their teachers4 ,is not this perhaps the chance for which you have been looking to give your time and efforts in some measure to meet our national needs8 7,signed7 ,,woodrow ,,wilson1 ,president4 ,september #ae1 #aiag4 ,how do you suppose the school children of the ,united ,states felt when they read this letter from the ,president8 ,it is a wonderful letter4 ,it does not read like a letter from a great man to little children4 ,it is different from most of the letters which grown people write to children1 for the ,president writes to the children asking for their help1 just as if they were grown up4 ,indeed1 when the grown people read the letter they wished that they could be school children again1 because there was no ,junior ,red ,cross when they were young1 and they had to wait to grew up before they could help the ,red ,cross do golden deeds4 ,you see1 when they were young1 everybody thought1 8,when the children are grown up they will help us40 ,then they waited for them to grow4 ,are you not glad that you are able1 while a child1 to do helpful work for your country8 ,now let us think about some of the golden deeds which the ,red ,cross does4 ,,the ,,american ,,red ,,cross ,,in ,,times ,,of ,,peace ,of course1 in times of war the ,red ,cross is very busy helping the soldiers1 but do you think that it is idle in times of peace8 ,no1 indeed4 ,the ,red ,cross is always listening for a call of distress1 and is ready to aid any people who are suffering4 ,one day in #aiab the ,red ,cross heard the people who lived along the banks of the ,mississippi ,river calling for help1 for the river had been so swollen by rains that it had risen high and overflowed its banks in a dangerous flood4 ,illustration3 ,picture from a photograph ,do you know what happens during a flood8 ,name all the different things you see on the little island in this picture4 ,why do you suppose the people are all staying there instead of rowing off in the boats8 ,because they are expecting the relief launch of the ,red ,cross to come and take them to a safe place4 ,the water is flowing too swiftly for the little boats to cross in safety4 ,they would probably be carried against a tree and upset4 ,many houses have been carried down the river during this flood1 so you can understand how glad the people will be to see help coming4 ,in this next picture you will see how the ,red ,cross answered the people's cry for help4 ,illustration3 ,picture from a photograph ,this picture shows a ,carnegie ,library which was used by the ,red ,cross as a relief station during the ,mississippi flood4 ,the ,red ,cross spent thousands of dollars during this flood1 saving many lives and helping hundreds of flood victims4 ,can you name some of the things the people needed8 ,what do you suppose they think of the ,red ,cross8 ,imagine that a great wind storm or cyclone should come very suddenly whirling through your city1 tearing down houses1 uprooting trees1 and leaving thousands of people homeless--who would be the first to help the people who were hurt8 ,this is just an example of the way the ,red ,cross is standing ready to help in time of need4 ,if you read the ,red ,cross ,magazine you will learn about hundreds of golden deeds which the ,red ,cross is doing1 for the work of the ,red ,cross in times of peace and at all times is to help people in distress and need4 ,illustration ,,the ,,american ,,red ,,cross ,,in ,,times ,,of ,,war ,the work of the ,red ,cross during war is ,first4 ,to care for and nurse the wounded among our own soldiers and sailors1 and even the wounded of the enemy who fall into the hands of the ,red ,cross4 ,of course1 in order to do this1 millions of people who are not doing the nursing can make the articles needed for that purpose4 ,what can the ,junior ,red ,cross do to help8 ,second4 ,to care for the families of the soldiers and sailors who have given their services to their country4 ,how can the ,junior ,red ,cross help8 ,,before ,,the ,,days ,,of ,,the ,,red ,,cross ,do you suppose that people always felt that they should help everybody in such ways8 ,no2 the ,red ,cross is not yet sixty years old4 ,war is thousands of years old4 ,in olden days when soldiers fought1 there were no kind ,red ,cross nurses to care for the wounded4 ,there were no faithful ,red ,cross dogs to search for wounded soldiers after the battle was over4 ,often the suffering men died of neglect when proper nursing would have saved their lives4 ,but no one ever thought of sending a band of women nurses to wars to help the soldiers1 before the days of ,florence ,nightingale4 ,florence ,nightingale ,florence was a little ,english girl who always said that when she grew up she would be a nurse4 ,she felt sorry to see any living creature suffer and always tried to help it4 ,sometimes it was a bird with a broken wing or an injured rabbit that she tended4 ,all the neighbors brought their sick pets to her4 ,the little nurse finally had so many patients that her father gave her a corner of the greenhouse for a hospital4 ,the animals learned to love her and she had many friends among them as you may imagine4 ,when she was a young woman nursing in a ,london hospital1 ,england's soldiers were sent to war with ,russia's soldiers4 ,they had to travel in ships all the way to the ,crimea in ,russia4 ,you see1 they were a great distance from home4 ,news of their terrible sufferings reached ,florence ,nightingale in the hospital4 ,taking a band of nurses with her she went to nurse the wounded soldiers in that far off land4 ,when the nurses arrived there1 they found thousands of sick and wounded men lying on the hospital floors with no one to help them4 ,at once the brave nurses began to take care of the soldiers as kindly as your mother takes care of you when you are ill4 ,do you wonder that many who would have died1 lived and were grateful all their lives to he nurses8 ,of course there were no gas or electric lights in the rough hospitals of those days1 so that ,miss ,nightingale always carried a lighted lamp when she made her good-night rounds4 ,the weary soldiers looked for the gleam of the lamp in the darkness and were made happy by her words of encouragement4 ,that is how she came to be called 8,the ,lady of the ,lamp40 ,the story of ,florence ,nightingale and her brave band spread far and near4 ,it touched the hearts of people everywhere1 and made them think about what could be done to relieve suffering even before the days of the ,red ,cross4 ,illustration3 ,copyright and reproduced by courtesy of 8,the ,ladies' ,home ,journal0 ,,tell ,a ,,story ,,about ,,this ,,picture ,,how ,,the ,,red ,,cross ,,came ,,to ,,be ,among those who heard the story of what ,florence ,nightingale and her brave nurses did for the soldiers1 was ,henri ,du-nant1 a kind-hearted ,swiss gentleman4 ,he remembered it several years afterward when he was present at a terrible battle between the soldiers of ,austria and those of ,france and ,sardinia4 ,he saw thousands of wounded soldiers dying almost without help4 ,in a book which he wrote about their sufferings1 he asked the question1 8,why could not the people of all countries make plans to care for the sick and wounded during wars80 ,and from his question came the great ,red ,cross work in which we all have a part4 ,the ,red ,cross is more wonderful than any war1 for it comes from the kindness in people's thoughts4 ,we hope that long years from now there will be no war4 ,but we cannot expect to have wars cease until the people1 and not the kings1 of the great countries of the world make their own laws4 ,henri ,dunant and ,florence ,nightingale were like the children of to-day when they were little4 ,they liked to play the same kinds of games that you do4 ,when ,florence played nurse with her dolls she did not dream of the great good she would do for the whole world4 ,it may be that some of the boys and girls who are now reading this story will be like ,henri ,dunant and ,florence ,nightingale1 and will grow up to do great and noble work for others4 ,,questions ,i ,what do you think of people who help other people in trouble8 ,what do you think of people who do not help people who are in need of help8 ,do you realize that the work of the ,red ,cross is entirely the helping of people who need help8 ,did a good neighbor ever come to your house and help your people in time of illness or trouble8 ,you would be glad to help other people in just some such way1 wouldn't you8 ,are you not glad that the ,junior ,red ,cross gives you a chance to pass such kindness along8 ,,ii ,mention some of the good deeds which you know the ,junior ,red ,cross has done4 ,have you ever sold ,red ,cross ,christmas seals8 ,what does the ,red ,cross do with the money made from the sale of ,christmas seals8 ,how old is the ,junior ,red ,cross8 ,it is a pretty young baby to have accomplished so much1 isn't it8 ,but do you know how fast it has grown8 ,when you see a person wearing a ,red ,cross button1 you know many things about that person4 ,here are a few of the things that are shown3 #a4 ,kindness4 #b4 ,helpfulness4 #c4 ,love of one's country4 ,can you name others8 ,illustration3 ,copr4 ,underwood ,underwood ,,this ,,little ,,dog',s ,,mistress ,,says ,,that ,,he ,,is ,,too ,,young ,,to ,,enlist ,,now1 ,,but ,,when ,,he ,,grows ,,up ,,he ,,wants ,,to ,,be ,a ,,red ,,cross ,,army ,,dog4 ,,how ,i ,,can ,,help ,,the ,,red ,,cross ,,in ,,time ,,of ,,war ,,and ,,in ,,time ,,of ,,peace #a4 ,by belonging to the ,red ,cross and trying to get others to belong4 #b4 ,by learning to save in order that suffering children elsewhere may have their share of food and clothing4 #c4 ,by helping to prepare some of the supplies that wounded soldiers and homeless families are in need of4 #d4 ,by reading stories of relief and rescue so that ,i can tell others about the ,red ,cross4 #e4 ,by learning to be a good citizen of my country even before ,i grow up4 ,the ,junior ,members of the ,red ,cross try to share their good things with those who do not have them4 ,illustration ,illustration ,the members of the ,american ,red ,cross have two flags4 ,this boy has two flags4 ,why8 ,do you have two flags8 ,do you wear a ,red ,cross button8 ,has your school an ,american ,red ,cross ,school ,auxiliary banner8 ,do you know that the ,american ,red ,cross serves the government of the ,united ,states1 and that the members of the ,red ,cross are the best citizens of our country8 ,the ,red ,cross means being good neighbors--working together4 ,,the ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,lamp ,a ,,play ,characters3 ,florence ,nightingale1 the nurse ,frances1 her sister ,flossie1 her doll ,harry ,miller1 ,doctor ,make-believe ,old ,roger1 the shepherd ,captain1 the hurt dog ,mr4 ,vicar1 the minister ,soldiers1 doctors1 and other nurses ,act ,i4 ,the ,sick ,doll ,scene4 ,in an ,english ,garden4 ,frances4 ,come on6 ,let's play tag1 ,florence4 ,florence4 ,i can't1 ,frances4 ,flossie is too sick4 ,won't you play you are the doctor1 and come see her8 ,frances4 ,oh1 no2 you always want to play the same thing6 ,your dolls are always sick6 ,i believe you love the broken ones better than the others4 ,florence4 ,yes1 ,i do4 ,i'm going to be a nurse when ,i grow up4 ,well1 if you don't want to play that you are the doctor1 ,i am going to ask ,harry ,miller to play that he is4 7,goes to the hedge and calls47 ,oh1 ,harry1 come on over1 and play you are the doctor for my sick dolls4 ,frances4 ,come on1 ,harry1 ,i am going to be the druggist4 ,harry4 ,all right1 girls2 ,i'll be over in a minute4 ,florence4 ,don't forget your medicine case4 ,harry 7entering74 ,good morning1 madam4 ,is your little child ill8 99 99 99 99 99 ,act the rest of the story yourselves4 ,act ,,ii4 ,good ,old ,cap ,scene4 ,in an ,english ,village ,street4 7,florence is riding on her little pony4 ,with her on horseback is ,mr4 ,vicar1 the minister of the village church47 ,mr4 ,vicar4 ,what a lovely day1 ,florence4 ,florence4 ,it is a beautiful day1 ,mr4 ,vicar4 ,i am so glad we are going to call to see old ,mrs4 ,williams4 ,i hope she is better than when mother last saw her4 ,mr4 ,vicar4 ,i have not heard from her for some days4 ,florence 7looking off in the distance74 ,oh1 there is old ,roger trying to gather his sheep together4 ,why1 ,i wonder where his dog is4 7,they ride up47 ,mr4 ,vicar4 ,good morning1 ,roger4 ,you seem to be having trouble4 ,roger4 ,that ,i am1 sir4 ,good morning1 miss4 ,florence4 ,why1 where is your good dog1 ,cap8 ,roger4 ,some boys threw stones at him and broke his leg4 ,i am afraid he will never be able to run again4 ,florence4 ,oh1 how dreadful6 ,roger4 ,yes1 ,i miss him so much4 ,he was such a help4 ,florence 7to ,mr4 ,vicar1 in a whisper74 ,i wonder if we could see the dog4 ,we might be able to do something for him4 ,mr4 ,vicar4 ,where is your dog2 ,roger8 ,roger4 ,at home1 beside the fire4 7,mr4 ,vicar and ,florence ride to the cottage4 ,they find that ,cap's leg is not broken1 but is sprained4 ,florence asks for hot water1 and bathes and bandages the leg4 ,in a few days the dog recovers and helps ,roger with the sheep47 ,act out the rest of the story yourselves4 ,act ,,iii4 ,the ,lady of the ,lamp ,scene4 ,in a hospital4 ,soldiers are lying on cots and chairs4 ,florence ,nightingale comes in with a lamp in her hand4 ,first ,soldier4 ,hush1 here comes the ,angel of ,mercy to look after us poor fellows4 ,how tired she must be after working all day4 ,second ,soldier4 ,yes1 the ,lady of the ,lamp4 ,third ,soldier4 ,she has done more for our country than all the soldiers during this terrible war4 ,all the ,soldiers4 ,that she has4 ,may ,heaven bless her brave heart6 99 99 99 99 99 ,america6 ,america6 ,thy loyal children we6 ,dear ,mother ,land1 our lives we pledge ,in service unto thee4 ,,you and ,i ,and ,,all of ,,us ,,together ,will make this ,,world of ,,ours ,sorry and ,sad-- ,illustration ,,if ,,you and ,i ,and ,,all of ,,us ,,together ,do not ,,do ,,right4 ,,but ,,you and ,i ,and ,,all of ,,us ,,together ,will make ,,this ,,world of ,,ours ,,happy and ,,glad-- ,illustration ,,because ,,you and ,i ,and ,,all of ,,us ,,together ,,will ,,do ,,right6 ,we ,will ,be ,,good ,,citizens1 ,,for ,,we ,,love ,,our ,,country ,,and ,,our ,,flag4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,obvious punctuation errors repaired4 ,the table of contents uses the ligature in ,phbe ,cary's name4 ,in the text it's italic and the transcriber assumes that the printer didn't have an italic ligature4 ,as we're not constrained by that1 all instances of ,phbe ,cary's name now have the ligature4 ,page xi1 8,,dresmaker',s0 changed to 8,,dressmaker',s0 7,,at ,,the ,,dressmaker',s7 ,page #aff1 the pronunciation key for petroleum uses a dot and macron combination above the two es in the text4 ,as this is not a character available to us1 the macron and acute have been substituted3 4