,,art-,,/udies ,,f ,,nature1 ,z appli$ to ,design3 ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,ar*itects1 ,,design]s1 ,,& ,,manufactur]s4 ,,compris$ ,,9 ,,f\r ,,pap]s ,,by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a42 ,j4 ,,glai%]1 ,f4,r4,s42 ,s4 ,j4 ,,mackie1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,f4,s4,a42 ,,rob]t ,,hunt1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,repr9t$ ,,f ,,! ,,art-,,j\rnal4 ,,) ,,num]\s ,,illu/rations ,,on ,,wood4 ,,london3 ,,virtue ,,co41 #bf1 ,,ivy ,,lane1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 #ahgb4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,virtue ,,& ,,co41 ,,city ,,road4 ,,preface4 ,nature may be /udi$ 9 _m aspects2 h] weal? ( s]vice & beauty is freely op5 to all :o seek2 & :ile ! man ( sci5ce1 by pati5t /udy & assidu\s toil1 may le>n some?+ ( h] my/]y1 & ga!r f h] n unwill+ h&s ri* treasure ( k = ! b5efit ( humanity 7= )\t ! midnight wat* & ! elaborate calculation ( ! a/ronom] navigation w\ld yet be 9 its infancy2 )\t ! en?usiasm ( ! botani/ z he toils 9 ! tropic =e/ ! virtues ( _m a heal+ plant w\ld be unkn[n2 )\t ! ke5 p]ception ( ! geologi/ ! m9]'s task w\ld be 9 va971 s ! man ( art 9 no less degree may f9d 9 h] /udy ri*e/ elem5ts ( beauty1 lovelie/ sugge/ions ( col\r1 =ms ( inf9ite grace4 ,a delight 9 ! /udy ( ,nature1 a desire to realise some?+ ( its gr&eur1 is a s\rce ( unb\nd$ pleasure to its possessor1 = to him no walk c be a we>9ess1 no season ( ! ye> dre>y1 no soil s /]ile z to be b>r5 ( int]e/3-- 8,! meane/ fl['ret ( ! vale1 ,! simple/ note t swells ! gale1 ,! common sun1 ! air1 ! skies1 ,to him are op5+ ,p>adise40 ,! li*5 on ! rock1 ! wayside grass1 ! _m-col\r$ fungi1 are no less full ( beauty ?an ! =ms t m ord9>ily attract att5tion1 & are no less wor?y ( /udy4 8,! works ( ! ,"l are great1 s\ght out ( all !m t h pleasure !re920 & ,nature has ev] to ! dev\t m9d1 f its own inh]5t beauty & its te/imony to ,him its creator & su/a9]1 be5 a /udy ( ! deepe/ int]e/4 ,"s :o glance ov] ^! op5+ rem>ks be=e ent]+ ^u ! se>* = su* mat]ial 9 ! body ( ! book z may seem available = _! imm$iate purpose1 may consid] t ?is view ( ! subject is unpractical2 b we w\ld rem9d su* t all art1 pictorial1 sculptural1 decorative1 or :at n1 is only noble & wor?y ( ! "n s f> z x af=ds food = ?\ght 9 ! spectator1 & te/ifies to ?\ght 9 ! arti/1 & t ! nobility ( ! "w is 9 direct proportion to su* evid5ce ( inn] life4 ,art t is /hetic & s5su\s1 ?\gh pleas+ to ! eye1 mu/ ev] 9 ! nature ( ?+s hold a subord9ate place to t art :i* is symbolic1 to ^? =ms 9 :i* an inn] mean+ may be trac$2 & ?\gh "o "w ( art may p]haps necess>ily conta9 less ( ?is reflect$ ?\ght ?an ano!r1 yet ?is proposition we ?9k w hold good1 t no "w ( art t does n 9 "s way te/ify to ?is c be altoge!r satisfactory1 = :ile pleas+ = a "t to ! eye1 x yet leaves ! m9d unsatisfi$3 ! rev]se w equally hold good1 & we may safely repeat t 9 proportion to ! ?\ght be/[$ & express$ by ! arti/ w be ! enjoym5t & pr(it to be d]iv$ by o!rs f x4 ,! true arti/ w n consid] ) h[ small exp5diture ( tr\ble he may atta9 8 end2 he w1 on ! contr>y1 h a he>t full ( sympa?y ) all t is beautiful4 ,?is w become a weal? ( k1 w prove a preci\s possession to himself1 & ! result mu/ be visible 9 8 "w1 & /amp x ) ,prome!an fire4 ,to ! arti/ !n :o is wor?y ( ! "n1 no?+ c be too petty = reg>d1 no?+ t ! ,creator has pron\nc$ 8v good0 too insignificant = notice2 = 9 ,nature beauty is scatt]$ ) a lavi% h&1 & ! fungus t passes ?r\gh all ! /ages ( its exi/5ce dur+ a summ]'s night1 & ! sn[-flake /ill m transi5t 9 its duration-- 8,frail1 b a "w div9e3 ,made s fairily well1 ,s exquisitely m9ute1 ,a miracle ( design0-- h a *>m ( _! own no less ?an ! high] =ms1 :ile to give b "o o!r example f ! _m t pres5t !mselves1 ! ,=am9if]a--animal rema9s met ) 9 *alk cliffs--?\gh only visible ) high microscopic p[]1 h ! curves ( _! %ells z graceful1 designs z v>i$1 m>k+s z intricate1 z p]haps any o!r natural objects :atsoev]4 ,we !re=e appreciate ! qua9t fancy1 ! /udi$ ?\ght ( ! design] :o 9 "s old glass t we h notic$ at ,ockham ,*ur*1 9 ,surrey1 :ile mak+ "s ( 8 qu>ry designs ( columb9e1 rose1 & o!r lovely =ms1 *ose = "o ( !m a little fungus surr\nd$ by cup moss1 & spr++ f ! turf2 frail creatures ( a day1 meet emblems--l ! )]+ grass1 ! fad+ fl[]--( ! %ort e/ate ( man1 ! transi5ce ( all 8 glory4 ,9 ! endeav\r to sugge/ some?+ ( ^! humbl] types ( beauty to ! arti/1 ! design]1 ! ar*itect1 & ! manufactur]1 ! foll[+ pap]s h be5 collect$ f ! pages ( ! ,art-,j\rnal1 ! p]iodical 9 :i* !y orig9ally appe>$1 & aft] c>eful revision by _! sev]al writ]s1 h be5 publi%$ 9 ?is deta*$ =m1 9 ord] t !y may be /ill m commonly accessible4 ,! fir/ article is an endeav\r on ! "p ( ! au?or to indicate some?+ ( ! pr(usion ( beautiful =m t may be met ) 9 our h$ges & skirt+ our roadsides1 to po9t out ! s\rce f :5ce ! m$ival arti/s ga!r$ _! inspiration1 & to plead = its great] use by _! successors1 t by a l lov+ appreciation we too may create l =ms ( beauty4 ,! second essay deals ) m>9e =ms ( vegetable life1 & dwells on ! imm5se v>iety ( =m t may be met ) 9 ! sea-we$s t surr\nd our %ores1 & ! applicability ( _m ( ! species to ! v>i$ purposes ( ! design]4 ,x is curi\s t ^! wond]ful =ms %\ld n h be5 employ$ m l>gely 9 ! decorative "w ( any p4 ,) ! exception ( ! s+ul>ly wav$ & boss$ foliage se5 9 ! /one c>v+ & metal-"w ( ! lat] ye>s ( ! ,decorat$ p]iod ( ,go?ic1 & :i* may possibly h be5 orig9ally sugge/$ by ! ,fucus vesiculosus1 "o ( our commone/ %ore we$s1 we "k ( no in/ance ( _! introduction into ornam5tal art4 ,h5ce "h at once a wide field is op5 to ! design]1 & ?is essay _c fail to be full ( valuable mat]ial4 ,z ! fir/ & second articles h /riv5 to illu/rate ! beautiful =ms t inhabit ! l& & ! sea respectively1 s ! ?ird article1 leav+ 8,! deep's untrampl$ floor ,) gre5 & purple sea-we$s /rewn10 & ! m famili> =ms ( e>?1 deals ) ^? delicate =ms ( ! air1 ! flakes ( fall+ sn[1 & po9ts out ! imm5se v>iety ( graceful =ms af=d$ by _! cry/als4 ,symmetry & geometry are bo? s commonly met ) 9 ornam5tal art1 & are also s conspicu\sly pres5t 9 ! =ms ( sn[ cry/als1 t ! application ( ^? =ms to design _c fail to foll[ :5 once _! beauties are br\ght "u ! notice ( ! design] & manufactur]4 ,symmetry %[s itself 9 a g5]al beauty ( proportion1 & balance ( masses 9 a composition2 or1 9 ! m limit$ s5se 9 :i* we n[ use ! ^w1 9 ! lik5ess ( "o half or "p to ano!r 9 ! unit ( design4 ,we speak ( a design be+ bi-symmetrical or tri-symmetrical1 or if x goes beyond ?is1 z 9 sn[ cry/als & 9 _m o!r cases :]e ! ornam5t may be b\nd$ by a circle1 x is t]m$ multi-symmetrical4 ,bi-symmetrical arrangem5ts w be f\nd mo/ appropriate = ! decoration ( upright surfaces1 z wall-pap]s or curta9s1 :i* w always be se5 "o way1 :ile multi-symmetrical />-l =ms are m suitable = floor-clo? or c>pet patt]ns1 because a />-l patt]n on ! floor looks equally well f all p>ts ( ! room2 :ile a design hav+ its halves m]ely alike c only be view$ to advantage f "o po9t4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve t 9 ,nature ! rule seems to be t ! l[] =ms %all be multi-symmetrical1 made up ( sev]al simil> p>ts1 :ile ! high] =ms ( life are bi-symmetrical3 ?us 9 ! fir/ class we get sn[ cry/als1 sea-anemones1 />-fi%es2 & 9 ! second1 ! m advanc$ =ms ( animal life--insects1 birds1 quadrup$s1 & man himself4 ,!re are num]\s exceptions1 h[ev]1 to ?is3 ?us we h fl[]s multi-symmetrical1 & _! leaves only alike 9 _! halves1 ?\gh und\bt$ly ! fl[]1 9 view ( its functions 9 vegetable physiology1 & also f ! ornam5ti/'s /&-po9t1 _c be consid]$ l[] 9 ! scale ( creation ?an ! leaf4 ,! *>m produc$ by ! m]e repetition ( p>ts may be well se5 9 ! kaleidoscope1 :]e a s]ies ( irregul> pieces ( glass develop into v>i\s ornam5tal =ms1 ow+ to _! symmetrical arrangem5t & radiation f "o c5tre--an effect /ill m cle>ly & beautifully se5 9 ! cry/als ( sn[1 :]e ! unit is itself ( pleas+ =m4 ,! influ5ce ( geometry ^u design has 9 almo/ all p]iods ( art be5 v m>k$--9 "s /yles1 z ! ,e>ly ,engli% ,go?ic1 & ! ,italian ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 mu* m s ?an 9 o!rs2 b 9 no /yle is x altoge!r ignor$4 ,:e!r we /udy ! examples ( decorative art produc$ 9 our mid/1 ! result ( mod]n skill2 or turn to ! rema9s ( ,egyptian & ,assyrian ornam5t1 ! bra9-"w & h&iwork ( m5 :o toil$ ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 or :e!r we contra/ ! delicacy ( mu* ( our ,engli% "w ) ! rude c>v+ or pott]y ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]1 we /ill _c fail to notice t amid/ mu* t is v m>k$ & di/9ctive 9 comp>+ "o p]iod ) ano!r1 or ! h&iwork ( "o race or nation ) ano!r1 ?is "o great pr9ciple ( ! adaptation ( geometry to ornam5t is exhibit$ m or less prom95tly 9 all4 ,:]e a s5se ( flatness is desirable1 z 9 designs = floor-cov]+s--z mosaic1 tile-"w1 c>pet+1 c4--! use ( geometrical =ms appe>s especially appropriate1 s9ce ! feel+ ( flatness is easily obta9able1 & yet1 accompany+ ?is ess5tial feature1 almo/ any degree ( complexity & ri*ness ( effect4 ,^! rem>ks ^u ! use ( geometry mu/1 h[ev]1 be consid]$ to apply m especially to ! simpl] k9ds ( design1 to ^? int5d$ to fill b a subord9ate place4 ,z we rise high]1 geometry1 ?\gh /ill valuable 9 ! sett+ out & def9+ ( lead+ l9es & masses1 gives place to high] =ms1 ^? bas$ on animal or vegetable life4 ,9 a f\rte5?-c5tury diap] ! "p we admire is n ! geometric basis ( ! design1 b ! delicate fill+ 9 ( oak or maple1 butt]cup or ivy1 ?\gh we unconsci\sly admire ?is ! m on acc\nt ( ! enclos+ /raight l9es--l9es t we %\ld at once miss if !y 7 remov$ z sup]flu\s4 ,! f\r? essay ( our s]ies deals ) ! sugge/ive ornam5tal =ms s freely met ) 9 organic rema9s4 ,z 9 ! previ\s essay we f\nd 9 ! cl\ds above =ms ( beauty well adapt$ = our ne$s z ornam5ti/s1 s 9 ?is "o we delve b5ea? ! surface ( our e>?1 & aga9 h ! lesson impress$ ^u u1 t 9 e situation =ms ( beauty ab\nd1 t ! _w is full ( sugge/ive mat]ial = ! /ud5t ( ornam5tal art1 & t 9 :at at fir/ sight appe>s a b>r5 & pr(itless wa/e1 fre% pro( is giv5 ( ! univ]sal reign ( law1 ord]1 & beauty ?r\gh\t ! :ole range ( creation4 ,^! f\r essays1 !n1 %\ld prove a welcome addition to ! ornam5ti/'s /ore ( mat]ial1 s9ce 7?\gh no book-"w c take ! place ( actual obs]vation7 !y may at lea/ sugge/ to him o!r =ms1 & cause him to turn 8 att5tion 9 fre% directions4 ,) ?is hope1 !n1 we conclude1 tru/+ t our ef=ts ?us to illu/rate 9 "s degree ! weal? ( ,nature may n h be5 altoge!r 9 va94 ,f4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,,page ,,! ,,adaptability ,,( ,,our ,,native ,,plants ,,to ,,! ,,purposes ,,( ,,ornam5tal ,,art4 ,by ,f4 ,,edw>d ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 #a ,,ii4 ,,sea-,,we$s ,,z ,,objects ,,( ,,design4 ,by ,s4 ,j4 ,,mackie1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 #ia ,,iii4 ,,! ,,cry/als ,,( ,,sn[ ,,z ,,appli$ ,,to ,,! ,,purposes ,,( ,,design4 ,by ,,james ,,glai%]1 ,f4,r4,s4 #acc ,,iv4 ,,! ,,symmetrical ,,& ,,ornam5tal ,,=ms ,,( ,,organic ,,rema9s4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,hunt1 ,f4,r4,s4 #agg ,i4 ,,! ,,adaptability ,,( ,,our ,,native ,,plants ,,to ,,! ,,purposes ,,( ,,ornam5tal ,,art4 ,,by ,,edw>d ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,9 ?is s]ies ( pap]s x w be our desire to direct ! att5tion ( ! ar*itect1 manufactur]1 & design]1 to "s ( ! beautiful =ms ( nature1 :i*1 ?\gh easily accessible1 seem to h sc>cely receiv$ ! consid]ation !y des]ve2 to give a brief acc\nt ( ! habits1 peculi>ities1 & localities ( ! plants z !y come be=e u2 to cite f "t to "t examples1 ei!r ,engli% or =eign1 ( _! use 9 ! ornam5t ( ! pa/2 & g5]ally to add su* details z may directly or indirectly t5d to create an int]e/ 9 ! plant 9 "q4 ,we f9d1 on look+ back at ! pa/ hi/ory & practice ( ornam5tal art1 9 ! mid/ ( _m m>k$ diff]5ces ( /yle1 "o pr9ciple v g5]ally obs]v$--! use 9 ! ornam5t ( any giv5 c\ntry ( ! plants famili> to ! p4 ,h5ce1 ! ,egyptians exclusively us$ 9 _! ornam5t ! plants ( _! own l&2 we see ! palm bran*1 ! papyrus1 & ! beautiful lily ( ! ,nile con/antly recurr+4 ,we f9d ! ,greeks & ,romans employ+ ! acan?us1 olive1 & v9e2 ! ,japanese1 ! light & graceful bamboo2 & 9 our own ,go?ic /yles & ^? ( ! ,cont95t--,fr5*1 ,g]man1 or ,spani%--we meet ) m or less conv5tionalis$ repres5tations 9 ! c>v+s1 pa9t+s1 illum9ations1 fabrics = dress1 hang+s1 c41 ( ! famili> =ms ( our h$g][s1 /reams1 & mead[s1 su* z ! wild rose1 oak1 maple1 iris1 butt]cup1 & _m o!rs4 ,x is !n ) ! desire to awak5 our decorators to ! fact1 t beautiful z ! ,greek an!mion & o!r alli$ =ms are1 !y by no means repres5t ! limit available 9 ornam5tal art1 t ! foll[+ pap]s h be5 prep>$1 s9ce we are p]suad$ t if once ! inexhau/ible ri*es ( nature 7 s\ght aft] by our ar*itects1 & _! beauties br\ght be=e ! eyes ( ! p 9 _! "w1 ar*itecture w\ld ?us be tak+ "o long /ep ne>] to ! sympa?ies & appreciation ( _m to :om x is n[ a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 ,! works ( a few ( our lead+ ar*itects owe at lea/ "s ( _! beauty to _! recognition ( ?is tru?2 & we w\ld desire1 :ile ackn[l$g+ ! s]vices r5d]$ to ar*itecture by su* m5 z ,pug91 ,coll+s1 ,/reet1 & ,gilb]t ,scott1 to add our mite to ! revival go+ on ar\nd u4 ,botany1 or ! /udy ( plants 7,gr4 botane1 a plant71 is capable ( _m subdivisions3 ?us we h "o dep>tm5t :i*1 f its deal+ ) ! vital functions ( ! plant1 we t]m physiology 7,gr4 physis1 nature--logos1 sci5ce72 ano!r :i*1 f its m especially deal+ ) ! organization & /ructure ( ! plant1 is call$ organography1 or /ructural botany2 :ile a ?ird great division1 sy/ematic botany1 d]ives its "n f its tea*+ h[ ! multif>i\s =ms ( vegetable life may yet be classifi$ into g5]a1 & ^! aga9 into ord]s & species f c]ta9 po9ts ( resemblance 9 ! plants ?us class$ toge!r4 ,botany1 9 itself a sci5ce 9 ! ord9>y use ( ! t]m1 may1 h[ev]1 r5d] valuable s]vice to art2 & x is ?is phase ( ! subject :i* we m especially propose to develop1 treat+ only ( ! m exclusively sci5tific po9ts s f> z we f9d !m necess>y = our pres5t purpose2 & 9 ?is we ?9k we are fully ju/ifi$1 = ?\gh numb]s ( excell5t works are accessible to ! /ud5t :o desires to /udy botany z a sci5ce1 b few fully recognise its importance 9 a modifi$ =m to ! art-/ud5t1 & m especially to ! design]4 ,to ! ornam5ti/ a k ( ! laws ( plant gr[? is ( really ! same importance z ! /udy ( anatomy to ! figure-pa9t] or sculptor1 & ! abs5ce ( ?is k is to ! initiat$1 9 ei!r case1 z readily detect$4 ,_m :o are n[ cont5t to =ego ?is precise k are no d\bt p>tly deb>r$ by ! te*nicalities :i* meet !m at e s5t5ce 9 ord9>y botanical works4 ,be>+ 9 m9d1 !re=e1 ! special requirem5ts ( our read]s1 we %all endeav\r to avoid z f> z possible ! use ( t]ms :i*1 ?\gh sci5tifically valuable1 & 9 fact ess5tial to correct & true description1 are n su* z we may reasonably assume our read]s1 )\t special botanical /udy1 to be famili> )4 ,a k ( ^! t]ms is1 h[ev]1 v desirable1 s9ce _! concis5ess r5d]s !m valuable1 & m especially1 also1 because _m excell5t works1 :i* x w be ( advantage to ! /ud5t to consult1 l>gely employ !m4 ,we tru/ t 9 ! few cases :]e su* t]ms are 9 ! pres5t "w introduc$1 a cle> explanation ( _! =ce & utility w be f\nd to accompany !m2 we %all also1 z a fur!r assi/ance1 add ! s\rce f :5ce ! t]m is d]iv$1 :]ev] ! introduction w t5d to ?r[ additional light on ! mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,z we _c hope1 9 ! limit$ space at our comm&1 to supply e requirem5t1 give e detail1 or br+ =w>d m ?an a few ( ! m common plants1 ! pres5t "w mu/ be consid]$ r z a sugge/ive li/ ( ! m /rik+ plants :i*1 f _! ornam5tal *>act]i/ics1 w1 we tru/1 be f\nd ( s]vice to design]s1 ?an an exhau/ive catalogue4 ,x is v f> inde$ f be+ a complete li/4 ,to r5d] ! "w z practically useful z possible1 we add to ea* plant m5tion$ ! names ( "s /&>d books 9 :i* reliable draw+s ( ! plant 9 "q may be f\nd2 = ?\gh nature %\ld always1 if possible1 be consult$1 x may n at all times be )9 ! p[] ( ! /ud5t to d s1 ow+ to press ( "w1 ! season ( ! ye>1 & _m o!r di/urb+ causes4 ,! foll[+ books are ?us ref]r$ to1 ! illu/rations 9 !m be+ ( a tru/wor?y "*4 ,aft] ! "n ( ea* book is ! abbreviation us$ 9 ! pres5t "w :5 x is necess>y to quote x3-- ,! ,flora ,lond95sis ( ,curtis4 ,fir/ ,edition ,f4 ,l4 ,m$ical ,botany4 ,woodville4 ,fir/ ,edition ,m4 ,b4 ,m$ical ,botany4 ,/eph5son & ,*ur*ill4 ,fir/ ,edition ,s4 ,c4 ,illu/rations ( ,natural ,ord]s ( ,plants4 ,e4 ,tw9+ ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 ,engli% ,botany4 ,s[]by4 ,?ird ,edition ,e4 ,b4 ,vegetable ,_w4 ,figui] ,v4 ,w4 ,s*ool ,botany4 ,l9dley ,s4 ,b4 ,woodl&s1 ,hea?s1 & ,h$ges4 ,coleman ,w4 ,h4 ,h4 ,gramm> ( ,ornam5t4 ,ow5 ,jones ,g4 ,o4 ,! fir/ five on ?is li/ h col\r$ plates4 ,to ^! we may be all[$ to add ,plant ,=m 7,p4 ,f471 a "w prep>$ by ! au?or = ! especial use ( design]s4 ,! plants describ$ 9 ! foll[+ pages are1 to facilitate ref]5ce1 arrang$ 9 regul> alphabetical sequ5ce1 accord+ to _! ,engli% names1 s9ce mo/ ( my read]s w m readily recognise a plant by its famili> title ?an by its botanical appellation4 ,?\s&s are famili> ) ! little daisy :o w\ld nev] recognise x 9 any description head$ ,bellis p]5nis4 ,at ! same "t1 we 9 e case give ! sci5tific nom5clature z well1 s9ce 9 mo/ works y may desire to consult1 t w be ( great] prom95ce ?an ! "o us$ colloquially4 ,a difficulty "h arises f ! fact t sev]al ( our ,engli% fl[]s h num]\s synonyms giv5 to !m2 we h1 h[ev]1 *os5 ! "n :i* we believe to be mo/ commonly us$1 ref]r+ also to ! o!rs 9 ! c\rse ( our rem>ks on ! plant4 ,9 ! introduction ( vegetable gr[? into any ornam5tal composition1 we mu/ be c>eful to rememb] t :at is want$ is n s mu* a direct imitation ( nature1 :i* aft] all c only be faulty at ! be/1 z a due adaptation ( ! natural =m to ! purpose ( our design--a recognition ( ! impossibility ( a close copy ( nature1 toge!r ) a feel+ ( its undesirabl5ess ev5 if x c\ld be accompli%$4 ,our repres5tations mu/ !re=e be m or less conv5tional3 9 a fl[]-pa9t+ we naturally expect to see a direct transcript ( nature1 :ile 9 decorative art a direct transcript (f5ds u4 8,9 ! multitude ( c\nsellors !re is safety20 we w1 !re=e1 "h quote "s few passages f ! works ( ^? :om we ?9k we c all agree are entitl$ to speak ) au?ority & to be he>d ) respect4 ,rusk91 9 speak+ on ?is subject1 says1--8,all noble ornam5tation is ! expression ( man's delight 9 ,god's "w20 & aga91 8,ornam5tation %\ld be natural1 t is to say1 %\ld 9 "s degree express or adopt ! beauty ( natural objects2 x does n h5ce foll[ t x %\ld be an exact imitation (1 or endeav\r to sup]s$e1 ,god's "w2 x may consi/ only 9 a p>tial adoption (1 & compliance )1 ! usual =ms ( natural ?+s1 )\t at all go+ to ! po9t ( imitation1 & x is possible t ! po9t ( imitation may be closely rea*$ by ornam5ts :i* nev]!less are entirely unfit = _! place1 & are ! signs only ( a degrad$ ambition & an ignorant dext]ity4 ,bad decorators err z easily on ! side ( imitat+ nature z ( =gett+ h]1 & ! "q ( ! exact degree 9 :i* imitation %\ld be attempt$ "u giv5 circum/ances is "o ( ! mo/ subtle & difficult 9 ! :ole range ( criticism40 ,wornum ?us def9es ! diff]5ce betwe5 naturalism & conv5tionalism3 8,a natural treatm5t implies natural imitation & arrangem5t1 b an ornam5tal treatm5t does n necess>ily exclude imitation 9 ! p>ts1 z1 = in/ance1 a scroll may be compos$ ( /rictly natural p>ts1 b z no plant w\ld gr[ 9 an exactly spiral direction1 ! scroll =m con/itutes ! ornam5tal or conv5tional arrangem5t2 we may1 h[ev]1 h conv5tionalism ( details z well z conv5tionalism ( arrangem5t40 ,hudson says1--8,!re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! t]ms appli$ & adapt$2 !y1 9 fact1 express ! wrong & ! "r use ( vegetable =ms4 ,all natural =ms require c]ta9 modifications to adapt !m = o!r ?an _! own natural situations1 & x is ! neglect ( ?is1 & ! simple application ( ^! =ms )\t adapt+ !m1 :i* con/itute a false pr9ciple40 ,dress] ?us illu/rates ! diff]5ce3 8,m]e imitation is n ornam5tation1 & is no m art 9 ! high] s5se ( ! t]m ?an writ+ is itself lit]ature4 ,vegetable nature treat$ conv5tionally w n be f\nd to be f> remov$ f tru?1 b w be m]ely a natural =m1 or a s]ies ( natural =ms1 nei!r m>r$ by blights nor di/urb$ by w9ds1 adapt$ to ! fulfilm5t ( a special purpose1 & suit$ to a p>ticul> position--= ! mo/ p]fect examples ( :at is usually t]m$ conv5tionalis$ nature are ^? :i* express ! int5tion ( nature1 if we may ?us speak1 or are manife/ations ( natural objects z undi/urb$ by surr\nd+ influ5ces & unm>r$ by casualties40 ,9 ! same way we might br+ =w>d passages f ! works ( ,ow5 ,jones1 ,sir ,g>d9] ,wilk9son1 & _m o!rs1 9 illu/ration ( our rem>ks2 en\gh1 h[ev]1 has1 we tru/1 be5 br\ght =w>d to confirm ! position tak5 up4 ,we w n[1 )\t fur!r prelude1 proce$ to ! brief consid]ation ( ! few repres5tative plants we h select$ = our rem>ks4 ,! ,,agrimony4 ,?is plant1 ! ,agrimonia ,eupatoria ( botani/s1 & ! ,agremo9e ( old writ]s1 is ord9>ily met ) 9 h$g][s & wa/e places by ! roadside4 ,! fl[]s are bright yell[1 & are arrang$ 9 :at is t]m$ botanically a spike 7,lat4 spica1 an e> ( corn2 :5 ! fl[]s gr[ 9 succession direct f a c5tral /em74 ,! leaves are v ornam5tal 9 "*1 ! c5tral l9e giv+ (f l>ge side leaflets1 & ! int]m$iate spaces be+ fill$ by small] ones4 ,! edges ( all ! leaves are deeply s]rate 7,lat4 s]ra1 a saw2 not*$ l ! tee? ( a saw74 ,v suitable & sugge/ive = lace or wall-pap]s1 :]e a some:at delicate =m ) a decid$ly upright mode ( gr[? is desirable4 ,draw+s ( ! plant may be se5 9 ,s4 ,b4 #abf2 ,e4 ,b4 #dag2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 v4 #cb2 & ,m4 ,b4 #beh4 ,! natural plant w be f\nd 9 fl[] dur+ ,july & ,augu/4 ,! ,,:ite or ,,wood ,,anemone 7,anemone nemorosa71 or1 z x is (t5 t]m$ 9 old botanical works1 ! ,w9d-fl[]4 ,?is old] "n ref]s to ! same fact allud$ to 9 its g5]ic "n1 ,anemone1 ! fragility & delicacy ( ! fl[]s1 & _! exposure to ! bleak & boi/]\s w9ds t sweep ?r\gh ! almo/ leafless woods 9 e>ly spr+1 or1 z o!rs believe1 f an old fancy t ! fl[]s w n op5 until buffet$ by ! gales ( ,m>*1 anemone be+ d]iv$ f ! ,greek ^w1 anemos1 ! w9d4 ,! second "n1 nemorosa1 signifies woody1 & be>s obvi\s ref]5ce to ! localities mo/ fav\rable to ,illu/ration3 ,anemone4 ! gr[? ( ! anemone4 ,! plant may be f\nd 9 fl[] dur+ ! mon?s ( ,m>*1 ,april1 & ,may1 ! blossoms be+ pure :ite1 ) a bright yell[ c5tre1 & ! out] surface ( ! sepals ( a delicate purple t+e4 ,x ab\nds 9 moi/ woods ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 g5]ally 9 su* pr(usion z to cov] l>ge tracts ( gr\nd ) a sn[y :it5ess2 & ! plant be+ p]5nial1 we %all1 :5 x is once e/abli%$ 9 any spot1 f9d x regul>ly recurr+ z ea* spr+-"t comes r\nd4 ,! mann] ( gr[? ( ! anemone is v di/9ct & *>act]i/ic1 & n be+ subject to any v>iation1 _c well be modifi$ 9 ! employm5t ( ! plant 9 ornam5tal art )\t de/roy+ its individuality1 z f ! s+le /em ?r[n up f ! gr\nd ?ree equal-siz$ leaves1 id5tical 9 =m1 are produc$ f a po9t ab\t six in*es f ! soil1 & ! /alk is !n cont9u$ = ab\t ! same di/ance aga9 be=e be>+ at its summit its s+le fl[]2 ea* & e plant1 !re=e1 consi/s ( a c5tral /em1 a t]m9al fl[]1 & ab\t midway up ! /em a gr\p ( ?ree leaves4 ,?is rigid law1 ?\gh extremely beautiful 9 itself1 & admirably adapt$ = treatm5t = "s ornam5tal purposes1 may1 p]haps1 some:at re/rict its use 9 decorative art4 ,we are n aw>e ( any examples ( its employm5t 9 pa/ art4 ,9 our illu/ration1 ! plan ( ! plant1 ! view ) :i* we are mo/ famili>1 z we see x 9 its natural position1 is %[n1 hav+ ! s+le c5tral fl[]1 & bel[ x ! ?ree leaves radiat+ f ! /em4 ,x w be f\nd t ?is /rong individuality ( gr[? m especially adapts itself to ! trefoil1 or any o!r =m bas$ on ! figure ?ree4,a ,! g>d5-anemone 7,a4 coron>ia7 is an alli$ species ( ! same family1 modifi$ by cultivation3 9 its wild /ate x is a native ( ! ,s\? ( ,europe4 ,! ,,arr[-,,head 7,sagitt>ia sagittifolia71 "o ( our mo/ beautiful aquatic plants1 mu/ be s well kn[n to our read]s t any l5g!n$ description ( x w be sup]flu\s4 ,its g5]ic1 specific1 & ,engli% names all alike po9t out its lead+ *>act]i/ic1 ! beautiful arr[-head$ %ape ( its leaves2--sagitta1 ,lat41 an arr[4 ,! calyx & corolla are ea* compos$ ( ?ree p>ts1 ! petals be+ a brilliant :ite1 ) a pale p9k irregul> blot* at _! bases4 ,! =ms ( ! fl[]s1 fruit1 & leaves are all equally adapt$ = decorative purposes1 ?\gh x does n appe> to h receiv$ 9 ! pa/ ! att5tion :i* its m]its might v fairly claim1 ! only in/ances ( its application 9 ornam5tal art ) :i* we are acqua9t$ be+ 9 a runn+ b& ( ornam5t r\nd a tomb1 f\rte5? c5tury1 9 ! cloi/]s1 ,burgos4 ,! fl[]s are incorrectly repres5t$ 9 t example z hav+ f\r petals1 b ! g5]al effect is1 nev]!less1 v good4 ,see ,e4 ,b4 #adcf & ,p4 ,f4 #gb = draw+s ( ! natural plant4 ,illu/ration3 ,arr[-head4 ,! ,,arum 7,arum maculatum7 is a plant ( v common occurr5ce ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 ?\gh r>ely to be f\nd ei!r 9 ,scotl& or ,irel&4 ,x may be met ) 9 %ady groves & ?ickets1 & ne/l$ among ! long grass & o!r h]bage ^u our h$ge-banks4 ,! plant w be f\nd 9 fl[] dur+ ,april & ,may2 b f ! mode ( gr[?1 & also f ! pale gre5 col\r ( ! spa! surr\nd+ ! c5tral organs1 x is by no means conspicu\s among ! surr\nd+ foliage4 ,! upp] portion ( ! c5tral body or spadix--t "p ( x :i* is se5 9 our illu/ration--is g5]ally ( a d>k crimson col\r4 ,! plant is f> m likely to attract att5tion 9 ! autumn & w9t] ?an dur+ its season ( fl[]+1 z t[>ds ! close ( ! ye> ! leaves ( ! arum die away1 & ! h$g][s also be+ /ripp$ ( ! great] "p ( _! ,illu/ration3 ,arum4 foliage1 we notice ! brilliant sc>let b]ries ( ! pres5t plant ris+ 9 a d5se mass to ! height ( "s ?ree or f\r in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,if ! fre% root ( ! plant be ta/$1 x excites a burn+ & prick+ s5sation 9 ! m\? t w rema9 = sev]al h\rs2 & if slic$ & appli$ to ! sk91 x w frequ5tly produce bli/]s4 ,?is virul5ce1 h[ev]1 l ! acrimoni\s pr9ciple met ) 9 ! leaves1 yields to ! influ5ce ( heat1 & 9 =m] times an excell5t />* 0 prep>$ f ! root4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ! old m$ical au?ors & poets we meet ) ! wild arum "u a great v>iety ( names1 _m ( !m1 ?r\gh ! lapse ( "t & f disuse1 be+ n[ mean+less to u2 su*1 = example1 z abron1 janus1 b>ba-aron1 calf's-foot1 ramp1 & wake-rob94 ,a v common "n = ! plant at ! pres5t day ) c\ntry *ildr5 is lords-&-ladies2 & an equally famili> "n1 bo? ) *ildr5 & also 9 descriptions ( ! plant 9 botanical works1 is ! cuckoo-p9t3 ?is may possibly allude to ! slight resemblance ( ! enclos+ spa! to a measure = liquids4 ,ano!r old "n = ! plant is ! />*wort1 9 obvi\s allusion to its dome/ic use4 ,l mo/ o!r plants1 x 0 held by ! m$ical practition]s ( ! ,middle ,ages to possess v consid]able & valuable rem$ial qualities4 ,a small portion ( ! leaf1 ei!r dri$ or 9 ! gre5 /ate1 0 e/eem$ a sure rem$y = ! plague or any poison4 8,! wat] :]e9 ! root ha? be5 boil$1 dropp$ into ! eyes1 cleanse? !m f any film or mi/s :i* beg9 to h9d] ! sight10 or "u circum/ances to :i* ! writ] delicately h9ts1 8:51 by "s *ance1 !y become black & blue40 ,?\gh ! bold1 simple =ms ( ! fl[] & bud & ! ri* arr[-head$ %ape ( ! leaves appe>1 9 an especial mann]1 to fit x = valuable s]vice 9 ornam5tal art1 x has be5 b v r>ely ?us employ$4 ,illu/rations ( ! natural gr[? ( ! plant w be f\nd 9 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 ii4 #fc2 ,s4 ,c4 #bb2 & ,p4 ,f4 #da4 ,! ,,av5s 7,geum urbanum71 belong+ to ! same natural ord]1 ,rosace1 z ! torm5til & wood-/rawb]ry1 possesses also ! same peculi>ity ( fl[]1 ! petals be+ five 9 numb]1 :ile ! calyx is compos$ ( five l>ge segm5ts1 alt]nat+ ) five o!rs ( a mu* small] size4 ,! root is v a/r+5t 9 its nature1 & ( suffici5t value to be includ$ 9 ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica4 ,! av5s may be g5]ally f\nd gr[+ 9 h$ges & woods1 fl[]+ dur+ ,june & ,july1 & atta9+ to a height ( f "o to two feet4 ,! leaves are v ornam5tal 9 "*1 & w1 equally ) ! fl[]s1 prove ( valuable s]vice to ! design]4 ,= illu/rations ( ! gr[? ( ! plant ref] to ,f4 ,l4 vol4 ii4 #cf1 & ,p4 ,f4 #ha4 ,illu/ration3 ,av5s4 ,,b$/raw 7,galium v]um74 ,?is is also kn[n z *eese r5net1 gallion1 & maid-hair4 ,! ^w b$/raw is 9 allusion to ! =m] use ( ! dri$ plant z a *eap mat]ial 9 =m+ b$s4 ,! "n *eese-r5net is d]iv$ f a bygone employm5t ( ! plant = curdl+ milk3 we see ?is same use ( ! plant ref]r$ to 9 ! g5]ic t]m ,galium1 t "n be+ d]iv$ f ! ,greek ^w = milk4 ,gallion is evid5tly a h]bali/'s corruption ( ,galium1 :ile ! f\r? "n1 maid-hair1 has obvi\s ref]5ce to ! lightness & delicacy ( ! plant4 ,! m9ute yell[ fl[]s gr[ 9 d5se heads ( blossom1 :ile ! leaves are 9 :orls1 t is to say1 sev]al />t+ f ! same level1 & ?us gr[+ 9 a succession ( r+s r\nd ! /ems4 ,! numb] ( ! leaves 9 a r+ is v v>iable2 f eight to twelve is1 h[ev]1 ! usual numb]4 ,dry banks are ! ord9>y habitat ( ! plant4 ,x w be f\nd 9 fl[] ?r\gh\t ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/4 ,its lightness & graceful mode ( gr[? admirably fit x = ! purposes ( ! design]4 ,= illu/rations ( ! b$/raw ref] to ,e4 ,b4 #fdh1 or ,f4 ,l4 vol4 vi4 #ac4 ,! old h]b-doctors1 ev] ready to f9d or make a m$ic9al use1 speak 9 high comm5dation ( ! pres5t plant = its reput$ efficacy 9 reliev+ pa9s f burns1 inw>d w\nds1 c41 :ile 8a decoction ( ! h]b is good to ba! ! feet ( travell]s & lacquies1 ^: long runn+ cause? we>9ess & /iffness 9 _! s9ews40 ,illu/ration3 ,b9dwe$4 ,! ,,b9dwe$1 botanically kn[n z ! ,caly/egia sepium1 is "o ( our mo/ famili> plants2 l>ge surfaces ( our h$g][s 7,lat4 sepe1 a h$ge7 be+ cov]$ by its graceful leaves & tubul> fl[]s4 ,x is a curi\s fact t1 ?\gh abundant ?r\gh\t ,engl& & ,irel&1 x is v local 9 ,scotl&4 ,! s-call$ convolvulus major ( ! g>d5 is ! ,ipoma purpurea1 a species v widely spread ov] ! tropical & temp]ate regions ( ! e>?4 ,_m ( ! family possess active m$ic9al qualities1 & prep>ations f !m are f\nd 9 ! ,ph>macopia4 ,! ,engli% species also 7 at "o "t ?us employ$2 b ,g]>de1 ! great m$ical botani/ ( ,que5 ,elizabe?'s reign1 w n admit t !y possess any virtue at all1 b r ! contr>y4 8,!y are n fit = m$ic9e1 & unpr(itable we$s1 & hurtful to ea* ?+ t gr[e? next !m1 & 7 only adm9i/]$ by runnegate physick-mong]s1 quacksalv]s1 old wom5 lee*es1 abus]s ( physick1 & deceiv]s ( p40 ,= /udy ( ! natural appe>ance ( ! fl[] we w\ld ref] y1 if y are unable to meet ) ! plant itself1 to ,e4 ,b4 #ibd2 ,s4 ,c4 #b2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #ig2 ,g4 ,o4 #ii2 & ,p4 ,f4 #gf4 ,,bitt]-,,sweet4 ,! ,bitt]-sweet 7,solanum ,dulcam>a7 is s call$ f ! bitt] flav\r ( ! /ems :5 fir/ ta/$1 a flav\r :i* is spe$ily foll[$ by a peculi> sweetness some:at resembl+ liquorice root4 ,9 n only ! famili> ,engli% "n1 b ! specific botanical appellation z well1 we see ?is peculi>ity ( ! plant ref]r$ to1 ,dulcam>a hav+ ! same mean+ z bitt]-sweet4 ,! cont95tal names h also ?is curi\s ref]5ce 9 !m1 ! plant 9 ,france be+ call$ ,d\ce-amre2 9 ,italy1 ,dulcam>a2 9 ,spa91 ,am>adulcis2 & 9 ,g]many1 ,bitt]sus/angel4 ,! plant is frequ5tly call$ woody night%ade1 :ile ! old h]bali/s1 9 addition to ! names already giv51 call x felonwort4 ,solanum is d]iv$ f solam51 9 ref]5ce to ! soo?+ effect ( "s species ( ! ,solanace4 ,! bitt]-sweet has small fl[]s ( a deep purple col\r1 ! petals be+ v mu* reflex$4 ,! b]ries are ( a deep r$ :5 ripe1 b *ange consid]ably 9 _! col\r be=e rea*+ maturity2 ?us on ! same bun* we may frequ5tly see gre51 yell[1 orange1 & crimson fruit4 ,?irty ( ^! b]ries adm9i/]$ to a l>ge dog kill$ x 9 less ?an ?ree h\rs4 ,ref] to ,e4 ,b4 #icj2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 i4 #ad2 ,m4 ,b4 #cc2 ,s4 ,c4 #ag2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #ajj2 & ,p4 ,f4 #ai1 = illu/rations ( ! natural gr[? ( ! plant4 ,?is %rub is frequ5tly conf\nd$ ) ! deadly night%ade1 f ! slight simil>ity ( "n2 b !re is no o!r po9t ( resemblance4 ,! two plants are totally di/9ct4 ,! woody night%ade1 ?\gh common 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,engl&1 is comp>atively sc>ce 9 ,scotl& & ,irel&4 ,x is a h$g][ plant1 fl[]+ dur+ ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/4 ,a v>iety ) :ite fl[]s is sometimes met )4 ,! ,,black-,,?orn or ,,sloe 7,prunus sp9osa7 is curi\s & sugge/ive f an ornam5ti/'s po9t ( view1 f ! fl[]s1 unlike mo/ o!r plants1 appe>+ 9 pr(usion be=e ! leaves are develop$4 ,we see a plant /rongly resembl+ ! black-?orn v l>gely us$ 9 _! ornam5t by ! ,japanese1 a plant ) num]\s spread+ bran*es1 leafless1 b ?ickly clu/]$ ) fl[]s4 ,! black-?orn may commonly be met ) 9 coppices & h$g][s1 ! blossoms appe>+ 9 ,m>* or ,april1 & ! ri* purple fruit 9 ,augu/4 ,! "n sloe is d]iv$ f ! ,anglo-,saxon sla1 & ref]s to ! extreme acidity ( ! tempt+-look+ fruit4 ,! natural gr[? may be se5 on ref]5ce to ,e4 ,b4 #djh1 or ,m4 ,b4 #hd4 ,! black-?orn possesses a c]ta9 value ornam5tally1 z be+1 l ! primrose & sn[drop1 a *>act]i/ic fl[] ( ! spr+4 8,fl[]s1 z ! *ang+ seasons roll along1 ,/ill wait on e>?1 & add$ beauties l5d2 ,ar\nd ! smil+ ,spr+ a lovely ?rong ,) eag] rivalry h] /eps att5d2 ,o!rs ) ,summ]'s bright] glories bl5d2 ,"s grace mild ,autumn's m maje/ic mi52 ,:ile "s few l+]+ blooms ! br[ befri5d ,( ho>y ,w9t]1 & ) grace s]5e ,enwrea? ! k+ ( /orms ) m]cy's t5d] %e540 ,,b>ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,borage4 ,! ,,borage 7,borago (fic9alis71 ?\gh widely di/ribut$1 is by no means a common plant2 & ?\gh m5tion$ by sev]al old writ]s1 mu/ be consid]$ z b a d\btful native4 ,! g5]ic "n has be5 corrupt$ f two ,lat9 words1 cor1 ! he>t1 & ago1 ,i act1 f a belief1 z old z ! "t ( ,pl9y1 9 its exhil>at+ effects2 h5ce ! old say+1 ,ego borago gaudia semp] ago1 8,i borage give always c\rage40 ,! borage1 l ! comfrey & =get-me-n1 belongs to ! ord] ,borag9ace1 &1 9 common ) mo/ ( ! species ( t ord]1 is m>k$ by ! gyrate or scorpoid arrangem5t ( its fl[]s1 ! /em be+ coil$ r\nd l ! ma9spr+ ( a wat*4 ,x may be met ) occasionally 9 ! ornam5t ( ! pa/--its l>ge & /rik+-look+ /ellate 7,lat91 /ella1 a />7 fl[]s1 & ! g5]al gr[? ( ! plant1 be+ admirably adapt$ to ! purposes ( design4 ,z an example we may in/ance ! ,,ms4 ,h\rs ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :]e ! borage is introduc$ ^u a gold5 gr\nd on "o ( ! pages4 ,draw+s ( ?is plant w be f\nd 9 ,e4 ,b4 #aaad2 ,m4 ,b4 #bag2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #ih2 & ,p4 ,f4 #cf4 ,9 /udy+ ! application ( natural vegetable =ms to ! v>i\s requirem5ts ( ornam5tal art--su*1 = in/ance1 z ! employm5t ( bold1 vigor\s plants to /one or wood c>v+1 & ! m graceful & delicate gr[?s to su* fabrics z musl9 & lace--we spe$ily f9d t 9 "s cases we are unable to treat ! :ole ( ! plant we h select$ = our purpose1 ow+ to ! limitations plac$ ^u u by ! requirem5ts ( ! "w1 ! exig5cies ( manufacture1 or ! nature ( ! mat]ials 9 :i* our design is to be embodi$4 ,9 "s cases ! fl[]s are too small 9 detail1 or 9 ! g5]al mass1 to accord well f ! ornam5ti/'s po9t ( view ) ! foliage ( ! plant2 ! :ite bryony 7,bryonia dioica71 = in/ance1 ?\gh excell5tly adapt$ = musl9s1 c\ld n 9 its fl[]+ /age be satisfactorily treat$ = /onework on ?is acc\nt1 ?\gh ! foliage by itself is admirably suit$ = su* purpose4 ,9 o!r in/ances we f9d ! case rev]s$1 ! fl[] be+ l>ge & beautiful 9 =m1 & ! leaves unsuit$1 ei!r f _! insignificant size or want ( beauty1 to ! purpose ( ! ornam5ti/2 ?us1 :ile ! leaves ( ! /onecrop 7,s$um acre7 are1 f _! m9ut5ess1 sc>cely available = ! purposes ( design1 ! /ellate fl[] is exce$+ly beautiful 9 =m1 & admirably adapt$ = diap]+ & _m o!r uses1 :5 isolat$ f ! re/ ( ! plant4 ,:]e bo? leaf & fl[] are f _! beauty & relative scale equally adapt$ = art-treatm5t1 we are /ill1 :5 circum/ances require x1 q ju/ifi$ 9 employ+ ei!r ! "o or ! o!r by itself3 :]e a mono*rome arrangem5t is necess>y1 ! leaves alone may1 = example1 be us$2 :]e a c5tral radiate =m1 ! fl[] may be introduc$4 ,! rosette or pat]a1 s freely introduc$ bo? 9 anci5t & m$ival art1 is an example ( ?is use ( isolat$ floral =ms4 ,! ,,bramble or ,,blackb]ry 7,rubus fruticosus71 a m famili> plant ?an ! la/1 has1 s f> z we are aw>e1 be5 b little us$ 9 ornam5tal art1 ?\gh ! ,rubus idu1 or wild raspb]ry1 may occasionally be se5 9 ,,mss4 ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! g5]ic "n is highly expressive ( ! prickly nature ( ! plant1 be+ d]iv$ f an old ,celtic v]b1 reub1 to lac]ate or te> away2 :ile its ,engli% "n1 bramble1 atte/s its indig5\s nature1 desc5d+ z x does f ! ,anglo-,saxon "n = x1 bremel4 ,! /ems1 ord9>ily ( a pale purple col\r & ) a grey bloom ^u !m1 are p5tangul> 9 section1 ! num]\s prickles almo/ entirely conf9$ to ! ridges =m$ by ! angles1 & n occurr+ 9 ! int]m$iate furr[s2 ! leaves g5]ally ) five deeply s]rat$ leaflets1 a ri* gre5 on ! upp] surface1 & cov]$ ) close :ite d[n on ! l[]2 ! petals ( ! blossom v>y+ f pure :ite or delicate p9k to a deep r$2 & ! fruit ( a ri* crimson1 s int5se 9 col\r z to appe> almo/ black4 ,! mode ( gr[? ,illu/ration3 ,blackb]ry4 admirably fits x = ! s]vice ( ! design]1 ! leaves be+ v ornam5tal 9 =m1 & ! long trail+ /ems admitt+ ( great fre$om ( curve1 :ile = its use 9 decorative art a fur!r great recomm5dation exi/s 9 ! p[] ( repres5t+ ! plant "u sev]al phases ( gr[? )\t violat+ natural tru?1 z at "o & ! same "t we f9d ! op5+ bud1 ! fully-exp&$ fl[]1 & ! fruit ( all sizes & /ages ( developm5t1 v>y+ 9 col\r f gre51 light r$1 & crimson1 to deep purpli% black 9 its progress to maturity4 ,we ?us ga9 great v>iety ( =m1 & also1 :5 admissible1 ( col\r4 ,! bramble appe>s to be ( especial value 9 ornam5t :]e l>ge surfaces require to be cov]$ by =ms at once suitable 9 scale1 int]e/+ 9 _! details1 & v>i$ 9 _! "*2 h5ce x w\ld seem admirably adapt$ to musl9s & lace1 ?\gh1 s f> z we h _h opportunity ( obs]vation1 x has n be5 ?us employ$4 ,reliable draw+s ( ! blackb]ry w be f\nd 9 ,w4 ,h4 ,h41 ,plate ,e1 ,fig4 #a42 9 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #ea2 ,g4 ,o4 #if2 & ,p4 ,f4 #eg4 ,"s plants1 beautiful 9 !mselves1 possess an increas$ importance 9 ! eyes ( ! foll[]s ( ornam5tal art1 f _! be+ us$ h]aldically2 su*1 = example1 are ! rose1 ! %amrock1 ! broom1 & ! ?i/le4 ,,broom 7,s>o?amnus scop>ius7 is ?us us$ z ! badge ( ! ,scotti% clan ,=bes1 &1 z all read]s ( hi/ory w rememb]1 0 also *os5 z ! device ( ! ,plantag5ets4 ,a v good example ( its use 9 pa/ art--?\gh sc>cely1 f its be+ f\nd 9 a ,tudor monum5t1 hav+ any h]aldic mean+--w be se5 9 a glass qu>ry 9 ,h5ry ,,vii4's ,*apel4 ,s>o?amnus is d]iv$ f two ,greek v]bs1 signify+ a %rub1 & to sweep4 ,! ,engli% "n has ! same =ce ( mean+4 ,9 an old "w we h consult$1 ! au?or deems x useless to g into a long acc\nt ( ! plant1 s well kn[n 0 x 9 8 "t f ?is dome/ic use3--8,to sp5d "t 9 writ+ a description h]e( is altoge!r ne$less1 x be+ s g5]ally us$ by all ! good h\sewives almo/ ?r\gh\t ?is l& to sweep _! h\ses )1 &1 !re=e1 v well kn[n to all sorts ( p40 ,! broom may ord9>ily be f\nd on s&y commons1 railway banks1 & dry hillsides4 ,! l>ge yell[ pea-%ap$ fl[]s appe> 9 great pr(usion ?r\gh\t ,may & ,june1 & are succe$$ 9 due c\rse by ! black se$-pods4 ,! plant gr[s f ?ree to six feet high1 & :5 cov]$ ) its brilliant blossoms is a v /rik+ object4 ,leaves v inconspicu\s4 ,draw+s ( ?is v beautiful plant may be se5 on ref]r+ to ,s4 ,b4 #aba2 ,e4 ,b4 #cbi2 ,m4 ,b4 #hi2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 v4 #ca2 ,s4 ,c4 #fg2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #di4 ,,bulb\s ,,cr[foot4 ,we h select$ ! pres5t plant 7,ranunculus bulbosus7 z a good repres5tative ( ! num]\s species ( plants famili>ly t]m$ butt]cups1 p>tly because x is ! mo/ /rik+ 9 effect1 p>tly because x is ! "o t w mo/ readily be met ) "u ord9>y circum/ances2 = :ile its f9e fl[]s & beautifully-cut leaves r5d] x s+ul>ly well suit$ to ! purposes ( ornam5t1 ! abundance ( x 9 e mead[ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry places x )9 ! rea* ( all :o w\ld desire to adapt x to any arti/ic purpose4 ,f ! commonness ( ! plant1 & its g5]al di/ribution ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 x has receiv$ _m o!r names3 goldknob1 goldcup1 baff9]1 troil-fl[]1 polt1 k+cup1 butt]cup1 butt]-fl[]1 cuckoo-bud1 are all synonyms4 ,! t]m ,ranunculus is d]iv$ f rana1 a frog1 _m ( ! species be+ f\nd 9 wet1 swampy places2 :ile ! specific "n1 bulbosus1 alludes to ! bulb-l swell+ ( ! l[] "p ( ! /em 9 ?is p>ticul> species4 ,! "n cr[foot has be5 giv5 to ! plant f ! radiat+ "* ( ! segm5ts ( ! leaf1 spread+ z !y d l ! divisions ( a bird's foot2 :ile ! use ( ! ^w butt]cup po9ts to ! old belief t ! ri* yell[ness ( spr+ butt] is ow+ to ! eat+ ( ?is plant by ! c[s2 ! effect mu/ r1 h[ev]1 be ascrib$ to ! t5d] grass1 z any "o :o w take ! tr\ble to notice ! fact w f9d t c[s 9 a mead[ w1 z f> z possible1 avoid ! butt]cups4 ,! leaves ( ! bulb\s cr[foot1 l1 ) "o exception1 ^? ( ! re/ ( ! family1 are v acrid1 & w1 if appli$ to ! sk91 spe$ily bli/] x4 ,! plant w be f\nd 9 fl[] ?r\gh\t ! spr+ & summ]3 a v>iety is sometimes met ) hav+ cream-col\r$ fl[]s4 ,! cr[foot is "o ( ! fav\rite plants 9 ! ornam5t ( ! ,decorat$ p]iod ( ,go?ic4 ,repres5tations ( ! natural plant may be se5 on consult+ ,e4 ,b4 #ce1 or ,f4 ,l4 vol4 i4 #ch2 ref] also to 8,wat] ,cr[foot0 9 ! pres5t "w1 page #hd4 ,,cel&9e 7,*elidonium majus74 ,! ,cel&9e1 ?\gh1 s f> z we are aw>e1 n to be met ) 9 ornam5tal art1 is a plant 9 e way fitt$ = ! purposes ( ! design]1 :e!r we consid] ! =m ( ! fl[]1 ( ! pods :i* succe$ ! blossoms1 or ! ri* outl9e ( ! leaf4 ,! infloresc5ce is umbellate 7,lat4 umbella1 an umbrella71 t is to say1 all ! fl[]-/alks />t f ! same po9t 9 ! /em1 z 9 ! case ( ! hemlock1 ! c[slip1 fl[]+ ru%1 & _m o!r plants4 ,*elidonium is d]iv$ f ! ,greek ^w *elidon1 a swall[1 f an old belief t ! plant came into fl[] on ! arrival ( ^? birds1 & )]$ :5 !y took _! dep>ture2 h5ce 9 old writ+s we frequ5tly f9d ! ,cel&9e t]m$ swall[-wort4 ,! plant w commonly be f\nd 9 wa/e places1 & m especially ne> human habitations4 ,x atta9s to a height ( ab\t two feet1 & fl[]s ?r\gh\t ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/4 ,consult ,s4 ,b4 #ie2 ,e4 ,b4 #fg2 ,m4 ,b4 #bfc2 ,s4 ,c4 #hf1 = draw+s ( ! natural gr[? ( ! cel&9e4 ,! ,,c9quefoil 7,pot5tilla reptans74 ,?is graceful little plant may g5]ally be met ) 9 abundance1 a v fav\rite habitat be+ 9 ! l[ grass & co>se h]bage we s frequ5tly f9d skirt+ ! pa?ways 9 c\ntry di/ricts4 ,:5 x has once tak5 root ^u any fav\rable spot1 x spe$ily ?r[s out long runn+ /ems1 :i*1 9 turn1 develop roots f ! po9ts :5ce ! leaves spr+2 9 a v %ort space ( "t a l>ge ext5t ( gr\nd is cov]$ ) a d5se mass ( ! plant1 &1 f its habit ( root+ at ea* jo9t1 x is ) great difficulty eradicat$1 s9ce if "o root alone be ov]look$1 ! lab\r sp5t w spe$ily prove to h be5 b ( little m ?an tempor>y use4 ,reg>d+ ! c9quefoil1 h[ev]1 r f ! /&-po9t ( ! ornam5ti/ ?an ( ! agriculturi/1 we are /ruck by ! beauty ( its gr[?1 ! =ms ( ! individual p>ts1 & ! g5]al fitness ( ! plant = employm5t 9 ,decorative art4 ,! famili> "n c9quefoil cle>ly alludes to ! division ( ! leaves into five conspicu\s leaflets1 ?\gh :5 ! plant is gr[+ "u exceptionably fav\rable circum/ances ^! are v frequ5tly sev5 9 numb]4 ,! g5]ic "n is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 pot5s1 p[]ful1 & ref]s to ! /rong m$ic9al qualities possess$ by "s ( ! species ( ,pot5tilla4 ,! root ( ! torm5til 7,p4 torm5tilla71 an alli$ species1 is v p[]fully a/r+5t2 x has occasionally be5 sub/itut$ = oak-b>k 9 tann+1 & ) equal success1 ! lea!r be+ f\nd to be 9 ,illu/ration3 ,c9quefoil4 no way inf]ior 9 quality4 ,! prop]ties possess$ by ! roots ( ! c9quefoil are v simil>1 b1 f be+ less p[]ful 9 _! op]ation1 are n[ r>ely us$1 _! value be+ naturally great] at a "t :5 /rong] =eign a/r+5ts 7 n s readily procurable4 ,torm5til root is /ill1 h[ev]1 reta9$ 9 ! ,ph>macopia4 ,! di/9ctive specific "n ( ! pres5t plant1 reptans1 has evid5t allusion to ! m>k$ feature 9 its gr[? already ref]r$ to1 be+ d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 rept>e1 to creep4 ,we are n aw>e ( any examples ( ! use ( ! c9quefoil 9 ! art ( any pa/ p]iod1 ?\gh f ! size & beauty ( =m ( ! leaves & blossoms1 & f ! grace & fre$om ( ! curves ( :i* ! ma9 /em is capable1 x appe>s to be well adapt$ to ornam5tal art4 ,ref] to ,e4 ,b4 #dcb2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 i4 #cg2 ,m4 ,b4 #ei2 & ,p4 ,f4 #df1 = ! natural gr[?4 ,,cockle4 ,?is1 ?\gh n[ s frequ5tly met ) 9 ! mid/ ( ! corn1 be+ 9 fact s common z to be class$ among/ ! f>m]'s pe/s1 is n an indig5\s plant2 x has1 h[ev]1 be5 e/abli%$ s long t x may v fairly be compreh5d$ 9 our li/4 ,! botanical "n ( ! plant is ,ly*nis gi?ago4 ,! :ole plant is closely cov]$ ) s(t hairs1 giv+ x a woolly appe>ance4 ,! l>ge purple fl[]s are v conspicu\s1 & h a curi\s effect1 f ! segm5ts ( ! calyx be+ s mu* long] ?an ! petals ( ! corolla4 7,calyx1 ,gr41 a cup1 ! out] & g5]ally gre5 portions ( a fl[]1 ! protect+ memb] = ! delicate organs )9 ! fl[]4 ,:5 ! calyx is cut up into sev]al divisions ea* segm5t is t]m$ a sepal4 ,corolla1 ! floral r+ next )9 ! calyx1 ord9>ily ( a brilliant col\r1 ! "p :i*1 = in/ance1 9 a rose is p9k3 ?is1 ?\gh sometimes 9 "o piece1 z 9 a blue-bell1 is ord9>ily1 z 9 ! butt]cup1 compos$ ( sev]al simil> memb]s2 ^! are call$ petals47 ,! cockle w be f\nd 9 fl[] dur+ ! mon?s ( ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/4 ,?\gh admirably adapt$ = s]vice 9 ornam5tal art1 ! only example we c quote occurs 9 a sixte5?-c5tury ,,ms41 a missal1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ! treatm5t is v naturali/ic4 ,draw+s ( ! plant w be f\nd 9 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 iii4 #bg2 ,e4 ,b4 #bae4 ,,columb9e 7,aquilegia vulg>is71 "o ( our mo/ beautiful wild fl[]s1 d]ives1 l ! broom1 an additional importance to ! ornam5ti/ f its h]aldic associations1 ! columb9e be+ adopt$ z a badge by ! ,h\se ( ,lanca/]1 & also by ! ,d]by family at a "t :5 e important h\se adopt$ "s su* symbol4 ,! petals be> a /rong resemblance to birds2 h5ce ,aquilegia is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 aquila1 an eagle1 :ile ! ,engli% "n is d]iv$ f ,lat4 columba1 a dove4 ,an old ,engli% "n = ! plant is culv]wort1 culfre be+ ! ,anglo-,saxon ^w = pigeon4 ,x w be f\nd 9 h$ges & ?ickets1 ?riv+ m especially :]e ! soil is calc>e\s4 ,bo? ! fl[] & leaf are v ri* 9 "*1 & well suit$ = ! requirem5ts ( ornam5tal art4 ,examples may be se5 9 ! *ur* ( ,%e>b\rne1 ,dorset1 & 9 ! sp&rels ( ! canopy ( a brass 9 ,exet] ,ca!dral1 9 memory ( ,sir ,pet] ,c\rt5ey1 "o ( ! adh]5ts ( ! ,lanca/rian k+1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,! columb9e is a fav\rite fl[] 9 cottage-g>d5s1 & may be mu* m g5]ally ?us met ) ?an z a wild plant4 ,x is 9 fl[] f ,may to ,july4 ,a v beautiful gradation ( =m is se5 9 ! leaves1 ! l[] ones be+ ( a v complex =m1 :ile ! upp] ones are v simple 9 outl9e4 ,ref] to ,e4 ,b4 #df1 ,v4 ,w4 #cfg1 = draw+s4 ,! ,,comfrey 7,symphytum (fic9ale74 ,?is plant may be v commonly f\nd by ! sides ( /reams1 dit*es1 & o!r moi/ ,illu/ration3 ,comfrey4 situations4 ,! corolla ( ! fl[] is g5]ally ( a yell[i% :ite1 b a v>iety hav+ purple fl[]s is n uncommon 9 _m localities2 we h se5 x1 = in/ance1 gr[+ 9 pr(usion on ! banks ( ! ,ea/ ,y>1 betwe5 ,brad+ & ,s&[n1 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,symphytum is d]iv$ f a ,greek v]b signify+ to unite1 f an old belief 9 ! efficacy ( ! ,comfrey 9 ! heal+ ( w\nds4 ,a v m>k$ peculi>ity 9 ! gr[? ( ! plant is ! circ9ate1 or1 z x is frequ5tly t]m$1 scorpoid arrangem5t ( ! fl[]s1 f a suppos$ resemblance betwe5 ! spiral =m ( ! infloresc5ce & ! tail ( ! scorpion2 h5ce1 9 ! same way1 scorpion-grass is "o ( ! old ,engli% names ( ! famili> =get-me-n1 a plant belong+ to ! same natural ord]1 ! ,borag9ace1 & hav+ ! same peculi>ity ( gr[?4 ,we ne$ sc>cely say t 9 ! ,middle ,ages ! fav\rite dogma t ea* plant _h its und\bt$ value z a rem$ial ag5t1 & g5]ally by its =m or col\r indicat$ its m$ic9al use1 0 firmly held2 ?us ! col\r & %ape ( ! fl[] ( ! foxglove1 =m]ly call$ ! ?roatwort1 7 consid]$ z indications ( its s]vice 9 compla9ts affect+ ! ?roat1 z its old] "n implies2 & ! deep r$ col\r (t5 assum$1 z ! summ] advances1 by ! leaves ( ! h]b-rob]t & o!rs ( ! cranesbill family1 0 deem$ conclusive pro( ( ! value ( ! plants 9 /an*+ ! fl[ ( blood f a w\nd2 h5ce1 9 ! case ( ! =get-me-n1 we f9d an old writ] on m$ic9e ref]r+ to ! heal+ virtues ( ! plant z %[n by its mode ( gr[?3 8,! :ole bran*e ( fl\res d turne !mselves r\nd l ! taile ( ! scorpion4 ,! leaves ( scorpion-grass appli$ to ! place are a pres5t rem$y aga9/ ! /++ ( scorpions1 & likewise boyl$ 9 w9e & drunke1 prevaile aga9/ ! said bit+s1 z also ( add]s1 snakes1 & su* v5om\s bea/s40 ,draw+s ( ! comfrey may be se5 on ref]r+ to ,f4 ,l4 vol4 iv4 #ah2 ,v4 ,w4 #dcb4 ,! ,,field ,,convolvulus 7,convolvulus arv5sis74 ,?is pretty little plant is v commonly f\nd on grassy banks1 op5 d[ns1 or 9 our corn-fields1 runn+ up ! /ems ( ! /&+ corn1 & fl[]+ dur+ ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/4 ,x is "o ( ! enemies ( ! f>m]1 f its spread+1 to ! detrim5t ( ! crops1 ov] s l>ge an area ( gr\nd2 & ow+ to ! great dep? to :i* ! roots desc5d1 x is exce$+ly difficult to get rid ( x :5 x has once tak5 possession4 ,its g5]ic "n1 d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 convolvo1 ,i entw9e1 is v descriptive ( ! nature ( ! plant1 & its ,engli% "n1 b9dwe$1 evid5tly embodies ! same idea4 ,ano!r ( its old ,engli% names1 ! )w9de1 v beautifully expresses its lightness & delicacy1 unable to resi/ ! =ce ( ! w9d1 b conqu]+ by yield+ to its p[]4 ,:]e ! plant occurs1 x w g5]ally be v common1 _m squ>e feet ( gr\nd be+ (t5 cov]$ by its long trail+ /ems4 ,:5 any suitable object1 su* z a grass /em1 is met )1 ! convolvulus1 too weak to rise by itself1 ceases to trail along ! gr\nd1 & tw9es r\nd ! support ?us af=d$1 always asc5d+ 9 a spiral direction to ! left1 z d also ! ,c4 major ( ! fl[]-g>d51 ! sc>let-runn] bean1 & _m o!rs2 :ile o!rs1 z ! hop1 inv>iably asc5d 9 a spiral direction f left to "r4 ,x may at fir/ sight seem difficult to e/abli% ?is1 b if ! read] w imag9e ! plant 9 "q turn+ r\nd 8 own body1 he w at once be able to det]m9e :e!r ! plant 9 asc5d+ w\ld cross 9 front ( him f "r to left1 or f left to "r4 ,9 introduc+ ?is plant 9 ornam5t1 x w be ,illu/ration3 ,convolvulus4 ,illu/ration3 ,convolvulus4 necess>y to rememb]1 t ?\gh frequ5tly repres5t$ z possess+ t5drils1 x does n 9 nature acquire ! ne$$ support by su* means1 ! /alk itself be+ ! "p ( ! plant t entw9es r\nd o!r plants4 ,! means ?us employ$ by climb+ plants are v v>i$2 ! ivy1 = in/ance1 ?r[+ out root-l =ms f ! /ems1 :i*1 by _! grasp & p5etration into ! holl[s ( brickwork or ! b>k ( o!r trees1 amply suffice to support ! plant2 ! bryony1 passion-fl[]1 & _m o!r plants ?r[ out true t5drils f ! /em2 ! goose-grass cl+s by means ( ! small hook-l app5dages ) :i* ! /ems & "u sides ( ! leaves are furni%$2 :ile 9 ! pea ! t5drils spr+ f ! end ( ! leaf-petiole4 ,! ,c4 arv5sis1 l ! silv]-we$1 ! pimp]nel1 & _m o!r equally famili> plants1 seem to be cosmopolitan4 ,de ,c&olle1 9 8 8,gographie ,botanique10 records its occurr5ce 9 a truly indig5\s /ate 9 localities s widely diff]+ 9 temp]ature1 soil1 c41 z ,sw$51 ,sib]ia1 ,*9a1 ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,arabia1 ,egypt1 ,abyss9ia1 ,new ,holl&1 ,mauritius1 ! ,azores1 ,canada1 ,mexico1 & ,*ili4 ,! only in/ances ( ! use ( ! plant 9 m$ival ornam5t ) :i* we are acqua9t$ are 9 wood-c>v+ on ! ends ( ! /alls 9 ,wells ,ca!dral1 & 9 a simil> position 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g]eon1 ,cologne2 9 ea* case ! leaves only are repres5t$4 ,illu/rations ( ! natural gr[? w be se5 9 ,s4 ,b4 #aff2 ,e4 ,b4 #ibc2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #ig2 & ,p4 ,f4 #ic4 ,! ,,corn ,,blue-,,bottle 7,c5taurea ,cyanus7 f its delicacy ( gr[?1 & ! beauty ( ! fl[]-heads1 w\ld be a valuable plant = ! decoration ( surfaces requir+ a delicate treatm5t1 su* z musl9s & lace4 ,x is "o ( ! *>act]i/ic fl[]s ( ! corn-field1 &1 9 conjunction ) ! poppy1 w\ld be valuable 9 any floral gr\p+ symbolic ( autumn4 ,! plant 0 at "o "t held to possess great rem$ial virtue1 ?\gh its use is n[ ab&on$4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,c5taurea1 ref]s to an old leg5d t ! ,c5taur ,*iron1 :5 w\nd$ by ,h]cules1 recov]$ 8 /r5g? by ! use ( ?is h]b4 ,a v *>act]i/ic "n 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry is hurt-sickle1 9 allusion to its h>d & wiry /ems4 ,an example ( its use 9 ornam5tal art w be f\nd 9 a sixte5?-c5tury ,,ms4 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! treatm5t1 z is usual at t p]iod ( ! illum9ator's art1 is v naturali/ic4 ,draw+s ( ! natural plant may be se5 9 ,s4 ,b4 #aei2 ,e4 ,b4 #gji2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 vi4 #fb2 & ,p4 ,f4 #h4 ,! ,,corn ,,m>igold 7,*rysan!mum segetum7 is1 l ! la/1 "o ( ! *>act]i/ic & /rik+ plants ( ! h>ve/-field1 ! int5se sc>let ( ! poppy1 ! ri* blue ( ! blue-bottle1 & ! brilliant yell[ ( ! pres5t fl[]1 =m+ a v beautiful trio4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,*rysan!mum1 alludes to ?is brilliancy ( col\r se5 9 sev]al ( ! species1 be+ d]iv$ f two ,greek words signify+ gold5 fl[]4 ,!re is consid]able qua9tness 9 ! =ms ( ! leaves1 & ! g5]al gr[? ( ! plant r5d]s x well adapt$ = art-treatm5t4 ,we are unable to ref] y to any examples ( its introduction 9 ! ornam5t ( ! pa/1 b any ( our read]s desir+ to rem$y a neglect s unju/ifiable w f9d reliable draw+s ( x 9 ,e4 ,b4 #gac2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 vi4 #fj2 ,p4 ,f4 #bh4 ,! ,,daffodil 7,n>cissus pseudo-n>cissus74 ,?is beautiful fl[] w be f\nd ( value to ! design]1 bo? f its own inh]5t beauty1 & also m especially 9 comb9ation ) ! primrose1 wild hyac9?1 or c[slip1 9 any design :]e x is desirable to embody ! idea ( spr+1 s9ce x is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ plants ( t season ( ! ye>4 ,! daffodil may be f\nd 9 mead[s & copses1 & is g5]ally abundant ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 ?\gh 9 _m cases probably z an escape f ! cottage-g>d54 ,9 ,irel& & ,scotl& x is nev] met ) except "u su* circum/ances4 ,:]e ! daffodil has once e/abli%$ itself x gr[s ) great fre$om1 & w g5]ally be met ) 9 pr(usion1 ?\gh x is s local 9 its gr[?1 t ev5 if abundant 9 any "o spot1 x may frequ5tly be s\ght = 9 va9 ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( a di/rict4 ,! fl[]s1 ( a pure & brilliant yell[1 gr[ s+ly ^u ! /alks1 ea* ris+ directly f ! root4 ,! daffodil has a v wide area ( di/ribution1 be+ met ) ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,europe1 & m especially 9 ! s\?-we/2 x is1 = in/ance1 "o ( ! *>act]i/ic plants ( ! mead[s & hillside pa/ures ( ,spa91 toge!r ) ! two-fl[]$ n>cissus 7,n4 biflorus71 a plant :i*1 ?\gh abundant 9 ,s\!rn ,europe1 has nev] be5 naturalis$ 9 ,engl&4 ,x may be frequ5tly met ) 9 cultivation1 & w easily be di/+ui%$ f ! daffodil f ! fl[]s be+ g5]ally 9 pairs ^u ! /em1 & f _! creamy :ite or /raw col\r4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,n>cissus1 is d]iv$ f a ,greek ^w signify+ /upor1 9 allusion to ! heavy & p[]ful od\r ( ano!r species1 ! ,n4 poeticus4 ,draw+s ( ! daffodil w be met ) 9 ,e4 ,b4 #aeja1 & ,p4 ,f4 #hi4 ,! daffodil be+ l ! daisy & eglant9e1 :at we may p]haps be all[$ to t]m a poet's fl[]1 a fur!r reason = intimacy ) x is furni%$ to ! design]1 z he may possibly be requir$ to make a design = a page bord] to "s dition de luxe ( ,wordswor? or ,h]rick4 ,! ,,daisy 7,bellis p]5nis74 ,s _m rural & poetic associations clu/] ar\nd ?is 8wee1 mode/1 crimson-tipp$ fl[]10 t our li/ w\ld be sadly incomplete did x n f9d a place 9 x4 ,leav+ ! consid]ation ( ^! associations1 h[ev]1 we w\ld desire to po9t out t on its own inh]5t m]its x is a plant admirably adapt$ = art-"w1 ! =ms ( ! leaves1 buds1 & fl[]s be+ all v ornam5tal 9 "*1 & well suit$ to ! decoration ( any light fabric4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,bellis1 te/ifies to ! g5]al appreciation1 be+ d]iv$ f ! ,lat4 bellus1 pretty4 ,daisy is a corruption ( its old ,engli% "n1 day's eye4 8,z soon z ev] ! sunne g9ne? we/ ,to s5e ?is fl[]1 h[ x w g to re/1 ,= fe> ( night1 s hate? %e d>kness4 ,well by reason m5 x call maie ,! ,daisie1 or else ! ,eye ( ! ,daie40 ,9 ,france x is call$ ,m>gu]ite1 f ,lat4 m>g>ita1 a pe>l1--h5ce ladies ( g5tle bir?1 ( t "n1 frequ5tly *ose x 9 ! days ( *ivalry z _! device4 ,x may be se5 c>v$ 9 /one on ! gateway ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge1 f\nd$ by ,m>g>et1 ,c\ntess ( ,ri*mond4 ,x also occurs 9 c>v+s at ,cubb]ley1 ,gl\ce/]%ire2 ,coton1 9 ,cambridge%ire2 & ,culham1 9 ,ox=d%ire4 8,! daisie1 or fl[] :ite & r$e1 ,& 9 ,fr5* call$ la belle ,m>gu]ite1 ,to h]ne ,i h s great affecti\n ,z ,i sayd er/1 :5 com5 is ! ,maie1 ,t 9 my b$de !re dawne? me no daie ,t ,i n'am up & walk+ 9 ! m$e ,to see ?is fl\re ay5/ ! sunne spr$e1 ,s glad am ,i1 t :5 ,i h pres5ce ,( x to d\e x all rev]5ce1 ,z %e t is ( all fl\res ! fl\re1 ,fulfill$ ( all v]tue & hon\re2 ,& ev] ylike faire & fre% ( hewe2 ,& ev] ,i love x1 & ev] ylike newe40 ,,*auc]4 ,! family ( ,p>r bore z "o ( _! devices a tuft ( daisies4 ,! daisy may be met ) abundantly 9 pa/ure l& & ! grassy bord]s ( c\ntry roads1 bloom+ freely f ,april to ,octob]4 ,illu/rations may be se5 9 ,e4 ,b4 #ggb2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 i4 #fb2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #gf2 ,p4 ,f4 #fc4 ,! ,,dog-,,rose 7,rosa can9a74 ,?is is "o ( ! commone/ ( our num]\s species ( ,engli% wild rose--a family :i*1 l ! brambles1 will[s1 & o!rs1 has by "s botani/s be5 cut up into sev]al species f m or less obvi\s botanical m>ks1 frequ5tly ( a nature1 h[ev]1 :i* subjects !m to be by o!r obs]v]s consid]$ z m]e v>iations dep5d+ ^u *ance ext]nal influ5ces2 ?us1 :ile "o writ] r$uces ! v>i\s rose =ms to five specific types1 ano!r1 ( equally high /&+1 m5tions n9ete5 species z occurr+ 9 ,brita94 ,?is ref9em5t ( sci5tific obs]vation w1 h[ev]1 be ( no real s]vice to ! design]3 = 8 purpose ! dog-rose1 ! mo/ famili> ( our ,engli% species1 may be accept$ z a fairly typical fl[]4 ,! g>d5 v>ieties ( roses are d]iv$ f ! ,rosa semp]vir5s ( ,s\!rn ,europe1 ! ,r4 ,indica1 an ,asiatic species1 & _m o!rs4 ,! sweet-bri>1 ,r4 rubig9osa1 "o ( our wild ,engli% species1 is also a fav\rite 9 _m g>d5s f ! fragrance ( its leaves :5 press$ 9 ! h&4 ,! ,illu/ration3 ,dog-,rose4 ^w rose is d]iv$1 accord+ to "s au?ors1 f ! ,celtic rhos1 :i* is 9 turn d]iv$ f ! adjective rhodd1 r$2 :ile o!rs affirm t x desc5ds to u f ! ,lat9 rosa1 itself d$uc$ f ! ,greek rodon1 d]iv$ f ery?ros1 r$2 b we are unable to give any satisfactory clue to ! mean+ ( ! prefix 8dog0 9 ! famili> ,engli% "n1 ! same idea be+ also evid5tly express$ 9 ! specific ^w can9a1 9 ! ,fr5* rose de *i51 & ! ,g]man ,hundrose4 ,"s writ]s1 h[ev]1 imag9e x to ref] to ! uselessness ( ! plant1 & quote ! sc5tless or dog-violet z ano!r illu/ration 9 support ( _! !ory4 ,ev5 on ! l[e/ utilit>ian gr\nd ?is !ory is sc>cely t5able1 s9ce ! plant is l>gely us$ by g>d5]s z a /ock = graft+1 :ile ! fruit is also consid]ably employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,! rose1 ?\gh commonly met ) 9 ornam5t ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! ,decorat$ & ,p]p5dicul> p]iods ( ,go?ic1 is m especially f\nd 9 ! latt]1 s9ce x 0 !n employ$ n m]ely on its own m]its1 b also z ! badge ( ! ,tudors2 h5ce1 z an h]aldic =m1 we frequ5tly meet ) x 9 secul> no less ?an 9 ecclesia/ical "w4 ,x is also1 we ne$ sc>cely say1 ! badge ( ,engl&1 z ! %amrock & ?i/le are ( ,irel& & ,scotl& respectively4 ,x 0 also ! p]sonal badge ( ,edw>d ,i41 & ! family device ( ! ,de la ,w>res4 ,examples ( ! h]aldic use ( ! rose are v num]\s2 x may m]ely suffice to m5tion ,hampton ,c\rt & ,h5ry ,,vii4's ,*apel at ,we/m9/] z ab\nd+ 9 illu/rations4 ,9 ! *ur* at ,hawton1 ,nott+ham%ire1 9 a sculptur$ repres5tation ( ! ,resurrection1 !re is z a backgr\nd a v elaborate & beautiful diap] ( ! rose--its leaves1 fl[]s1 & buds be+ all employ$2 ?is1 z ! ,rose ( ,%>on1 may be consid]$ z introduc$ 9 a symbolic s5se1 ?\gh we mu/ "h m5tion t ! plant ord9>ily kn[n z ! ,rose ( ,%>on is n a true rose at all botanically4 ,x is "o ( ! ,hyp]icums4 ,a gold5 rose has f "t to "t be5 giv5 by ! popes to ^? :om !y m especially desir$ to rew>d = s]vices r5d]$ to ! ,*ur*3 ,h5ry ,,viii4 ( ,engl& receiv$1 toge!r ) 8 title 8,def5d] ( ! ,fai?10 ?is m>k ( hon\r f ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 ,! dog-rose w be f\nd 9 fl[] 9 e>ly summ]1 ! col\r ( ! blossoms v>y+ on diff]5t %rubs f pure :ite to a deep p9k2 ! brilliant sc>let fruit1 an equally ornam5tal feature1 be+ met ) z ! season advances4 ,illu/rations ( ! natural gr[? ( ! plant w be se5 9 ,m4 ,b4 #aci1 ,s4 ,c4 #ajj1 ,p4 ,f4 #g1 #ij1 #if2 & ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #ea4 ,examples ( its use 9 decorative art occur at ,w9*e/]1 :]e a holl[ m\ld+ is fill$ ) a wav$ l9e ( rose leaves & fl[]s2 9 a boss 9 ,bev]ley ,m9/]2 9 a glass qu>ry at ,yaxley1 ,suffolk2 9 a m conv5tionalis$ treatm5t 9 a panel ( ,p]p5dicul> p]iod1 ,ea/ ,h>l+ ,*ur*1 ,norfolk2 a v good example z a glass qu>ry1 ,milton ,*ur*1 ,cambridge2 9 a piece ( oak-c>v+ 9 ! /alls at ,wells2 9 ! c>v+ ( a tomb 9 ,b\rges ,ca!dral2 a capital at ,miraflores2 a holl[ m\ld+ wrea!d ) alt]nate fl[]s & leaves 9 "o ( ! doorways ( ,notre ,dame1 ,p>is4 ,_m o!r in/ances might be giv51 b ^! w suffice to %[ h[ fav\rite a plant ! rose has be5 9 pa/ ornam5t4 ,! foll[+ extract f ! old h]bali/ ,g]>de1 ?\gh ! adulation is1 f its impli$ ref]5ce to ,elizabe?1 some:at fulsome1 is a fur!r illu/ration ( its association h]aldically ) ! ,tudors3 8,! plant ( roses1 ?\gh x be a %rub full ( prickles1 yet x _h b9 m fit & conv5i5t to h plac$ x ) ! mo/ glori\s fl[]s ( ! _w1 ?an to ins]t ! same "h among base & ?orny %rubs0 7?is allusion ref]s to ,g]>de's sy/em ( classification71 8= ! rose do? des]ve ! *ief & prime place among all fl[]s :atsoev]1 be+ n only e/eem$ = 8 beauty1 v]tues1 & 8 fragrant & odorif]\s smell1 b also because x is ! hon\r & ornam5t ( our ,engli% ,scept]1 9 ! unit+ ( ^? two mo/ ,royall ,h\ses ( ,lanca/] & ,yorke40 ,illu/ration3 ,fev]few4 ,! subject ( our next illu/ration is d]iv$ f ! ,,fev]few 7,*rysan!mum p>!nium71 a plant widely di/ribut$ ov] ,brita91 b at ! same "t ) d\btful claims to be consid]$ a true native2 x is1 h[ev]1 ?or\ghly at home 9 ^? places 9 :i* x is to be met )1 & f ! cle> :ite daisy-l fl[]s & ! delicate gre5 ( its h&some foliage x m]its ! att5tion ( design]s ( ornam5tal art4 ,f its lightness & ! deep cutt+ ( ! leaves1 ! fev]few w\ld be f\nd ( m s]vice 9 pa9t$ or engrav$ ornam5t ?an 9 any k9d ( relief "w4 ,! fev]few has a reputation among h]bali/s z a bitt] & tonic2 & no d\bt1 be=e ! introduction ( qu99e & su*-l m p[]ful rem$ies1 w\ld possess a valu$ & consid]able rem$ial virtue4 ,! famili> ,engli% "n implies ?is1 & is "o ( ! num]\s class ( names1 z eyebright1 g\twe$1 lungroot1 livelong1 wormwood1 c41 giv5 to plants 9 recognition ( _! real or fanci$ m$ic9al use4 ,draw+s ( ! natural gr[? ( ! fev]few may be se5 9 ,e4 ,b4 #gae2 ,m4 ,b4 #bdi2 ,p4 ,f4 #ci4 ,,fool',s ,,p>sley4 ,we h select$ ?is plant1 ! ?usa cynapium1 z a good repres5tative ( ! v l>ge ord] ( plants kn[n botanically z ! ,umbellif]4 ,! :ole ( ! plants ( ?is ord]1 z ! "n implies1 h _! fl[]s gr[+ 9 umbels1 t is to say1 all ! fl[]-/alks />t f "o po9t on ! /em1 & radiate f ! common c5tre4 ,_m ( ! ,umbellif]1 z ! p>sley1 c>rot1 f5nel1 & cel]y1 mu/ be famili> to our read]s1 ?\gh !y may n h notic$ p>ticul>ly ?is umbellate mode ( fl[]+4 ,sev]al ( ! species are exce$+ly poison\s3 ( ^! we may in/ance ! hemlock1 ! wat]-dropwort1 & ! pres5t plant4 ,) v few exceptions1 ! fl[]s ( ! :ole ( ! plants ( ?is ord] are ei!r :ite or yell[4 ,! fool's p>sley is s call$ f a slight resemblance :i* ! plant be>s to ! common p>sley ( ! kit*5-g>d54 ,?\gh ! diff]5ces are n difficult to detect--! fl[]s1 = in/ance1 ( ! fool's p>sley be+ :ite1 & ^? ( g>d5-p>sley yell[2 ! leaves ( ! fir/ giv+ a disagreeable od\r :5 bruis$1 & ^? ( ! second a ri* aromatic sc5t--! want ( a little circumspection has frequ5tly l$ to s]i\s & ev5 fatal results4 ,! plant is ! m dang]\s f its be+ r>ely met ) except on cultivat$ gr\nd4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ?usa1 is giv5 to x 9 allusion to its acrid nature1 be+ d]iv$ f a ,greek ^w signify+ to burn1 :ile cynapium means dog's p>sley4 ,?\gh z yet we h said no?+ b evil ( x1 x is b j to add 9 its fav\r t1 ornam5tally1 x is a v desirable plant = ins]tion 9 our li/1 ! leaves1 fl[]-buds1 & g5]al gr[? be+ v graceful1 & well suit$ = ! decoration ( any delicate fabric4 ,= illu/rations ( ! plant we w\ld ref] y to ,f4 ,l4 vol4 i4 #ah2 ,s4 ,c4 #h2 ,s4 ,b4 #aci4 ,x w be f\nd 9 fl[] dur+ ,july & ,augu/4 ,! ,,gr\nd-,,ivy 7,nepeta gle*oma71 ! subject ( our next two illu/rations1 is s commonly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ,brita91 t !re c be b little ne$ ( our dwell+ at any great l5g? ^u a description ( x1 ?\gh1 f its habit ( trail+ on ! gr\nd & among ! roots ( l>g] plants1 x is n s conspicu\s to ! eye z _m o!rs4 ,its ,engli% "n1 gr\nd-ivy1 ref]s to its slight resemblance 9 mode ( gr[? to ! common ivy1 ?\gh 9 e o!r respect !y are v dissimil>1 ! gr\nd-ivy hav+ r\nd$ or r5i=m leaves gr[+ 9 pairs up ! /em1 ! fl[]s l>ge & ( a brilliant col\r1 tubul> & bisymmetrical1 :ile 9 ! ivy ! leaves t]m9ate 9 an acute po9t1 & spr+ s+ly f ! /em1 ! fl[]s small1 pale gre51 multisymmetrical 9 =m1 & compos$ ( five di/9ct petals4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,nepeta1 is d]iv$ f nepa1 a scorpion1 f an old belief t ! bite ( ! scorpion 0 r5d]$ h>mless if treat$ by means ( a recipe ( :i* a prep>ation ( our pres5t plant 0 ! lead+ +r$i5t4 ,! fl[] ( ! gr\nd-ivy1 ?\gh g5]ally ( a deep purpli% blue1 may sometimes be met ) ( a pure :ite4 ,?is v>iation f a giv5 col\r to :ite is comp>atively n uncommon 9 _m ( our wild plants1 ?\gh m especially noticeable 9 ,illu/ration3 ,gr\nd-,ivy4 plants ( normally blue or purple fl[]s3 ?us ! purple foxglove1 blue ,jacob's ladd]1 p9k h]b-rob]t1 purple snapdragon1 blue h>ebell1 & _m o!rs1 are occasionally to be f\nd ) :ite blossoms4 ,! gr\nd-ivy1 f its abundance1 & also f its pa/ & pres5t m$ic9al use1 may be met ) 9 ! works ( v>i\s au?ors "u a great *oice ( synonyms3 ( ^! aleho( is ! mo/ common2 o!rs1 almo/ equally famili>1 be+ creep-by-gr\nd & cat's-foot4 ,:5 n 9 fl[] ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! m>% p5nywort 7,hydrocotyle vulg>is7 is1 to a casual obs]v]1 n altoge!r unlike t ( ! gr\nd-ivy2 b ! p5nywort is only met ) on swampy gr\nd1 ! leaves are peltate or %ield-l1 ! /alk ris+ f ! c5tre ( ! "u side ( ! leaf1 z we see x 9 ! m famili> g>d5 na/urtium 7,tropolum majus71 diff]+ 9 ^! respects f ! gr\nd-ivy4 ,:5 9 blossom1 ! contra/ betwe5 ! gre5i%-yell[ fl[] ( ! p5nywort & ! deep purple ( ! fl[]s ( ! gr\nd-ivy is too m>k$ to p]mit ( any *ance ( error4 ,! only examples ( ! use ( ! gr\nd-ivy ,illu/ration3 ,gr\nd-,ivy4 ) :i* we are acqua9t$ 9 ! ornam5t ( ! pa/ are 9 a small sp&rel 9 "o ( ! doorways at ,rheims ,ca!dral1 & on "s ( ! floor+ tiles f ! ru9s ( ! ,abbey ( ,*]tsey1 ,surrey4 ,9 ! latt] case ! leaves are f\r 9 numb]1 9 a cruci=m arrangem5t )9 a quatrefoil--a v simple yet true & effective treatm5t ( ! plant2 = z ! leaves gr[1 z we h already m5tion$1 9 pairs1 & z ea* pair ( leaves is plac$ ^u ! /em at "r angles to ! pairs imm$iately above & b5ea? x1 ! effect produc$ 9 look+ d[n ^u ! plant is necess>ily cruci=m 9 "*4 ,a great v>iety ( ^! ,*]tsey tiles may be se5 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum3 ?\gh v simple 9 design1 !y af=d excell5t examples ( ! true application ( ! pr9ciples :i* %\ld gov]n ! introduction ( natural =ms1 & are well wor?y ( ! att5tion ( ! /ud5t ( decorative art4 ,9 bo? ^! cases1 ,rheims & ,*]tsey1 ! leaves alone are employ$1 z ! fl[]s1 f _! intricacy ( detail & position ^u ! plant1 w\ld require ! aid ( col\r to br+ !m out ) due effect2 h5ce1 :ile ! gr\nd-ivy1 dur+ its p]iod ( fl[]+1 is admirably adapt$ = surface decoration1 musl9s1 wall-pap]s1 & _m o!r su*-l purposes1 x is b ill suit$ to relief-"w 9 /one or wood4 ,ref] to ,s4 ,b4 #agb2 ,e4 ,b4 #ajee2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 ii4 #dd2 ,m4 ,b4 #bh1 = illu/rations ( ! natural gr[? ( ! gr\nd-ivy4 ,,gr\ndsel1 ?\gh a plant exce$+ly likely to be ov]look$1 is on t acc\nt ! m des]v+ ( a place 9 our li/1 z x really possesses qualities :i* fully entitle x to ! consid]ation ( ! /ud5t ( ornam5tal art1 ! g5]al gr[? ( a good specim5 be+ v vigor\s & *>act]i/ic1 & ! v>iety ( beautiful =ms se5 9 ! leaves a fur!r recomm5dation4 ,! botanical "n is ,s5ecio vulg>is4 ,s5ecio is d]iv$ f s5ex1 an old man1 9 allusion to ! grey heads ( se$-d[n :i* succe$ ! blossoms4 ,! gr\ndsel may be met ) abundantly almo/ ev]y:]e1 & may at all times ( ! ye> be f\nd 9 fl[]4 ,draw+s ( ! plant may be se5 9 ,e4 ,b4 #gdi2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 i4 #fa2 ,p4 ,f4 #b4 ,! ,,h>ebell 7,campanula rotundifolia74 ,?is graceful little plant may g5]ally be f\nd 9 pr(usion on dry & hilly pa/ures & hea?s1 ?\gh by no means 9 su* localities exclusively1 z ! roadside h$ge-bank is ano!r fav\rite spot4 ,!re are t5 species indig5\s to ,engl&1 mo/ ( !m ( great beauty & adaptability to art-requirem5ts3 ( ^! we may 9 p>ticul> m5tion ! ,c4 h$]acea1 ! ivy-leav$ campanula1 a little plant by no means uncommon 9 moi/ %ady pa/ures & swampy l[-ly+ gr\nd4 ,! pres5t species is abundant ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ,europe & ,nor!rn ,asia4 ,! ,cant]bury bell 7,c4 m$ium7 is an alli$ & famili> g>d5 species4 ,illu/ration3 ,h>ebell4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,campanula1 means a little bell1 & f ! %ape ( ! corolla is aptly appli$ to ^! plants4 ,rotundifolia1 mean+ r\nd-leav$1 seems at fir/ sight a misnom]1 z ! leaves mo/ easily visible on a cursory glance at ! plant are ?9 & /rap-%ap$4 ,! l[] leaves ( ! plant1 h[ev]1 are r\nd$ 9 =m2 &1 z we /udy ! foliage1 we %all see a delicate asc5d+ gradation ( =m1 f ! r\nd$ leaves at ! l[] end ( ! /em1 to ! ?91 almo/ grass-l leaves ( ! upp] "p4 ,draw+s ( ! h>ebell w be f\nd 9 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #hj2 ,p4 ,f4 #ab4 ,! ,,hazel-,,nut 7,corylus avellana7 is s famili> a %rub t any l5g!n$ description ( x mu/ be ne$less1 or1 to quote our old writ]1 ,g]>de3 8,our h$ge-nut1 or hazel-nut tree1 :i* is v well kn[ne1 & !re=e ne$e? n any description1 :]e( !re are also sundry sorts1 "s great1 "s little1 z also "o t is 9 our g>d5s1 :i* is v ,illu/ration3 ,nut4 great1 bigg] ?an any filb]d1 & yet a k9de ( h$ge-nut2 ?is !n t ha? be5e said %all suffice = h$ge-nuts40 ,! small] twigs ( ! hazel af=d an excell5t *>coal = arti/ic purposes1 & ! long /raight %oots1 ?r[n up ) su* rapidity & vig\r1 are l>gely employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! crates 9 :i* e>!nw>e is pack$--a use = :i* _! size & flexibility comb9$ ) great /r5g? admirably fit !m1 z ! rods1 :5 ! wood is /ill gre51 may be b5t almo/ d\ble be=e !y w give way4 ,!re is a pleas+ appropriat5ess 9 its ,engli% "n1 hazel-nut1 d]iv$ f ! ,anglo-,saxon haesel1 a hat1 & hnut1 a nut or ball1 :i* we notice & appreciate :5 we see ! fruit 9 its natural /ate1 surr\nd$ by ! foliace\s & cap-l p>tial envelope =m$ by ! scales ( ! involucre4 ,! g5]ic "n also1 ,corylus1 ref]s to ?is peculi>ity ( gr[?1 be+ d]iv$ f a ,greek ^w signify+ a cov]+ = ! head4 ,! natural ord] to :i* ! hazel belongs includes sev]al trees ( great value to man1 ei!r on acc\nt ( _! timb] or _! fruit--su*1 = example1 z ! bee*1 ,spani% *e/nut1 & ! oak2 & 9 ! old5 "t1 :5 a belief 9 ! use ( ! div9+-rod1 z an indicator ( subt]ranean spr+s1 0 common1 ! my/ic virtue 0 s\ght 9 ! =k$ twigs ( ! hazel4 ,! size ( ! leaves & ! /rik+ "* ( ! fruit alike comb9e to r5d] x a plant admirably fitt$ = ! purposes ( ornam5tal art1 ?\gh ! only example ( its use1 s f> z we are aw>e1 may be se5 9 a holl[ m\ld+ 9 ! ca!dral at ,w9*e/]1 :]e1 ^u a cont9u\s scroll runn+ along ! c5tre ( ! m\ld+1 bo? foliage & fruit are introduc$4 ,! leaves are deeply s]rat$1 & ! nuts gr[ 9 clu/]s ( two1 ?ree1 or f\r1 ! g5]al treatm5t be+ v naturali/ic4 ,among ! _m extraord9>y rem$ies 9 use by our ance/ors1 hazel-nuts occupi$ a place1 be+ employ$ 9 compla9ts affect+ ! *e/1 ?\gh1 ev5 !n1 :5 sc>cely any reput$ rem$y seems to h be5 ?\ght too fanciful & absurd1 "s appe> to h v5tur$ to d\bt ! efficacy ( ! m$ic9e1 br++ d[n ^u !mselves ! sca?+ rebuke ( ! faculty1 z we f9d 9 ! foll[+ extract f an old m$ical "w1 :]e1 aft] ! sett+ =? ( ! b5efits to be d]iv$ f ! use ( ! hazel z a rem$ial ag5t1 he goes on to say3--8,& if ?is be true1 z x is1 !n :y %\ld ! vulg> s famili>ly affirm t eat+ nuts cause? %ortness ( brea?8 ?an :i* no?+ is fals]4 ,= h[ c t :i* /r5g!ns ! lungs cause %ortness ( brea?8 ,i confess ! op9ion is f> old] ?an ,i am2 ,i "k tradition 0 a fri5d to error be=e1 b nev] t he 0 ! fa!r ( sl&]2 or are m5's tongues s giv5 to sl&]+ "o ano!r1 t !y mu/ sl&] nuts too to keep _! tongues 9 use8 ,& s ?us h ,i made an apology = nuts1 :i* _c speak = !mselves40 ,= illu/rations ( ! gr[? ( ! nut1 see ,w4 ,h4 ,h41 ,plate ,b1 ,fig4 #a2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #abg4 ,our next illu/ration is d]iv$ f ! ,,haw?orn1 ,,:ite?orn1 or ,,may 7,cratgus oxycan?a71 a plant famili> to e "o1 f its be+ s ext5sively us$ = h$g][s2 its /r5g?1 clos5ess ( gr[?1 & sp9y "*1 admirably adapt+ x to ! purpose4 ,! wood is v h>d1 & w take a high poli%2 ! g5]ic "n1 ,cratgus1 f a ,greek ^w signify+ /r5g?1 be+ an allusion to ?is *>act]i/ic ( ! plant4 ,its use z a h$g][ plant 9 ,engl& dates1 accord+ to ,s[]by1 f ! "t ( ! ,romans1 & ( ?is !re c be b little d\bt1 z its mo/ common "n--haw?orn--is1 lit]ally1 ! h$ge-?orn1 f ! ,saxon ^w hage4 ,! second "n--:ite-?orn--has be5 giv5 to x 9 contradi/9ction to ! black-?orn 7,prunus sp9osa71 a some:at simil>1 &1 9 a wild /ate1 almo/ equally common plant2 ! ,illu/ration3 ,haw?orn4 /ems ( ! latt] be+ v d>k 9 col\r1 :ile 9 ! haw?orn or :ite-?orn !y are comp>atively light4 ,! ?ird "n1 ,may1 has obvi\s ref]5ce to ! "t ( fl[]+4 ,! leaves ( ! plant are exce$+ly v>i$ 9 =m1 af=d+ a great *oice = ! selection ( ! ornam5ti/2 "s be+ v simple 9 "*1 :ile o!rs are deeply cut1 & v ri* & beautiful 9 outl9e4 ,a p]man5t v>iety may be occasionally met )1 9 :i* ! leaves1 in/ead ( be+ ( ! ord9>y deep & blui% gre51 are 9 addition irregul>ly blot*$ ) v>y+ & int]m+l+ tones ( yell[4 ,! fl[]s also ( ! haw?orn are subject to consid]able v>iation 9 col\r3 ! typical /ate is a pure milky :ite2 b ow+ to ! nature ( ! soil 9 :i* ! plant is f\nd1 ! blossoms may occasionally be se5 v>y+ f a pale p9k to almo/ crimson4 ,! b]ries1 also1 ?\gh g5]ally ( a deep crimson col\r1 are sometimes ( an int5sely gold5 yell[4 ,an old writ]1 ,culpepp]1 9 8 8,briti% ,h]bal10 a treatise p>tly a/rological & p>tly m$ic9al1 hav+ fir/ /at$ t ! plant is "u ! dom9ion ( ,m>s1 ?us def9es ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( ! haw?orn3--8,! se$s 9 ! b]ries1 beat5 to p[d]1 be+ drank 9 w9e1 are held s+ul> good aga9/ ! dropsy4 ,! se$1 cle>$ f ! d[n1 bruis$ & boil$ 9 w9e1 & drank1 is good = inw>d torm5t+ pa9s4 ,if clo?s & sponges be wet 9 ! di/ill$ wat]1 & appli$ to any place :]e9 ?orns & spl9t]s1 or ! l1 d abide 9 ! fle%1 x w notably draw !m =?4 ,& ?us y see ! ?orn gives a m$ic9e = its own prick+1 & s do? almo/ ev]y?+ else40 ,?\gh to a c]ta9 ext5t =eign to our subject1 we may p]haps be p]mitt$ to say t1 to ! naturali/1 z well z to ! botani/ & ! design] ( ornam5tal art1 ! tree possesses consid]able attractions1 ! b]ries be+ ! fav\rite fruit ( _m ( our birds1 & ! foliage be+ sometimes completely /ripp$ by ! l>v ( v>i\s butt]flies & mo?s1 su* z ! small ,erm9e1 ! ,brim/one mo?1 & _m o!rs2 :ile among ! poets1 ,*auc]1 ,milton1 ,%akspe>e1 ,wordswor?1 ,goldsmi?1 ,bampfylde1 & ,t5nyson1 h all f\nd 9 x a s\rce ( beauty & inspiration4 ,x has also be5 "o ( ! fav\rite plants ( ! ornam5ti/s1 occurr+ v commonly 9 ! works ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x w\ld be bo? t$i\s & unnecess>y to give any?+ l an exhau/ive catalogue ( its use 9 pa/ art3 z good examples out ( _m1 we w\ld m]ely cite its occurr5ce 9 a f9ial 9 ! ,lady ,*apel1 ,exet]2 z a /one-diap] alt]nat+ ) oak1 at ,l9coln2 9 two f9e sp&rels1 & a beautiful capital1 v full & ri* 9 its wrea?+1 9 ! ,*apt]-h\se1 ,s\?well4 ,o!r examples occur 9 ! ca!drals at ,ely1 ,wells1 & ,w9*e/]4 ,:]ev] met ) 9 ornam5tal art1 ! leaves & b]ries are ! p>ts select$3 to ! be/ ( our k ! fl[]s h nev]1 9 any in/ance1 be5 introduc$1 no d\bt f ! fact ( ! m9ut5ess & delicacy ( ea* individual blossom1 & its habit ( gr[+ 9 clu/]s1 :i*1 ?\gh extremely beautiful 9 nature1 are1 f _! intricacy ( detail1 unsuit$ to ! purposes ( ! ornam5ti/4 ,simil>ly1 ?\gh ! plant 9 its natural gr[? is (t5 exce$+ly sp9y1 x is1 9 ornam5tal art1 repres5t$ z almo/ or entirely )\t ?is *>act]i/ic feature1 z !re w\ld be a great practical difficulty1 9 any k9d ( relief-"w at lea/1 9 ! satisfactory introduction ( =ms s m9ute & fragile1 yet requir+ s high a relief4 ,draw+s ( haw?orn w be f\nd 9 ,p4 ,f4 #fh2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #eb4 ,! ,,h]b-,,rob]t 7,g]anium ,rob]tianum7 is "o ( ! num]\s family ( cranesbills1 s call$ f a suppos$ resemblance betwe5 ! =m ( ! fruit & ! bill ( t bird1 a resemblance also indicat$ 9 ! g5]ic "n1 ,g]anium1 d]iv$ ,illu/ration3 ,h]b-,rob]t4 f ! ,greek g]anos1 a crane4 ,! h]b-rob]t is "o ( ! mo/ abundantly di/ribut$ plants ( ! g5us1 be+ met ) ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,brita9 & 9 _m o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 gr[+ ^u all k9ds ( soils1 & fl\ri%+ equally well ^u h$ge-banks1 wa/e gr\nd1 & old walls4 ,ow+ to ! foliage turn+ a brilliant crimson 9 autumn1 ! plant becomes v /rik+ & conspicu\s z ! ye> advances1 a peculi>ity :i* w greatly aid its id5tification by ^? ( our read]s :o are n acqua9t$ ) x4 ,! fl[]s are ( a delicate p9k col\r1 ?\gh !y may occasionally be met ) ( a pure :ite3 ?is v>iety gr[s abundantly ne> ,nutfield1 9 ,surrey1 = in/ance4 ,! :ole ( ! cranesbill family w well repay ! att5tion & /udy ( ! ornam5ti/1 ! dove's-foot cranesbill 7,g4 molle71 & ! blue mead[ cranesbill 7,g4 prat5se71 be+ especially suit$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! design]4 ,! latt] is a v /rik+ plant1 & :5 once se5 _c well be mi/ak51 ea* fl[] be+ almo/ two in*es 9 diamet]1 ( a deep purple blue1 & ve9$ ) l9es ( r$di% purple3 ! leaves also are v deeply cut1 & ( a highly ornam5tal "*4 ,an illu/ration ( ! ornam5tal treatm5t ( ! h]b-rob]t may be se5 9 an elaborate specim5 ( embroid]y1 la/-c5tury "w1 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum2 :ile draw+s ( ! natural plant c be ref]r$ to 9 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #ch2 ,v4 ,w4 #dab2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 i4 #eb2 ,p4 ,f4 #cd4 ,,holly 7,ilex aquifolium74 ,?is plant1 f its association ) w9t]1 %\ld be "o ( ^? famili> to ! /ud5t ( ornam5tal art4 ,draw+s ( x may be f\nd 9 ,s4 ,b4 #ahd2 ,w4 ,h4 ,h41 ,plate ,a1 ,fig4 #d2 ,p4 ,f4 #bg2 ,g4 ,o4 #ie4 ,! holly is indig5\s to mo/ p>ts ( ,europe4 ,its influ5ce may be trac$ 9 ! names ( sev]al places1 z = example ,holmwood1 ne> ,dork+2 ! holly by old writ]s be+ also t]m$ ,holm & ,hulv]4 ,?\gh ord9>ily met ) z a h$g][ %rub1 x w1 if all[$ to gr[1 atta9 to no inconsid]able height--(t5 ?irty to =ty feet2 :ile a p>ticul>ly f9e specim5 at ,cl>emont1 9 ,surrey1 is a little ov] eighty feet high1 & has a trunk six feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,! gr[? is v sl[1 ! timb] close-gra9$ & h>d1 ! annual lay]s ( woody fibre be+ exce$+ly compact4 ,?is f95ess ( gra91 its :it5ess & its beauty :5 poli%$1 r5d] x ( great s]vice 9 c>v+ & inlay "w4 ,x has also be5 ext5sively us$ 9 ! place ( box = wood-engrav+1 & = ! blocks us$ = engrav+ ! patt]ns ( calicoes & wall-pap]s4 ,x w\ld no d\bt be /ill m ext5sively us$ ?an x is did n its r>ity r5d] x s co/ly1 z1 ?\gh holly bu%es are pl5tiful en\gh1 ! own] ( a f9e tree is g5]ally loa? to h x cut d[n4 ,! *ief use ( ! holly is 9 ! =mation ( h$ges1 z its =midable sp9es1 ev]gre5 foliage1 its slight attraction = insects1 & clos5ess ( gr[?1 are all valuable recomm5dations2 we (t5 ?us meet ) x 9 old-fa%ion$ g>d5s4 8,is !re "u heav5 a m glori\s & refre%+ object ( ! k9d ?an an impregnable h$ge1 ( #afj feet 9 l5g?1 #g feet high1 & #e 9 diamet]1 :i* ,i c %[ 9 my poor g>d5s at any "t ( ! ye>1 glitt]+ ) its arm$ & v>ni%$ leaves8 ,x mocks at ! rude/ assaults ( ! wea!r1 bea/s1 or h$ge-break]s40 ,?is h$ge1 ! pride ( ,john ,evelyn's g>d51 did n prove s impregnable to ! h$ge-break] z its own] fondly ?\ght1 s9ce "o ( ! great amusem5ts ( ! ,cz> ,pet]1 dur+ 8 /ay ) ,evelyn1 0 to trundle a :eelb>r[ ?r\gh x1 to ! ultimate ru9 ( ! h$ge & ! no small sorr[ ( its hospitable own]4 ,a v>iety ( holly hav+ yell[ b]ries is sometimes met )4 ,"s little :ile ago1 a bran* ) bright orange-col\r$ b]ries 0 exhibit$ at "o ( ! meet+s ( ! ,l9nan ,society1 a scion ( ! yell[-fruit$ v>iety hav+ be5 graft$ on a sc>let-b]ri$ /ock1 ) ?is curi\s result4 ,! holly may also sometimes be met ) hav+ v>iegat$ leaves1 ! normal d>k glossy gre5 be+ blot*$ ) a cle> yell[ or :ite4 ,! l[] leaves ( ! tree are edg$ ) %>p sp9es1 :ile ! upp] bran*es h ! foliage q free f ^!3-- 8,bel[1 a circl+ f5ce1 its leaves are se5 ,wr9kl$ & ke52 ,no graz+ cattle1 ?r\gh _! prickly r\nd1 ,c rea* to w\nd2 ,b z !y gr[ :]e no?+ is to fe>1 ,smoo? & un>m$ ! po9tless leaves appe>40 ,,s\!y4 ,ornam5tally1 ! holly may be met ) 9 a glass qu>ry 9 ,br&e/on ,*ur*1 ,suffolk2 also on a m$ival floor+-tile 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,we are n aw>e ( any o!r anci5t examples ( its use1 ?\gh d\btless ^? giv5 d n exhau/ ! li/4 ,we tru/1 %\ld ano!r edition be call$ =1 to be able1 by fur!r inve/igation1 to rem$y ?is %ortcom+4 ,! "n holly is a corruption ( holy1 & alludes to its connection ) ,*ri/mas4 ,9 "s ( ! old h]bals x is writt5 8holy tree10 :ile 9 "s c\ntries ?is connection is r5d]$ /ill m emphatic1 ! ,g]man "n be+ ,*ri/dorn1 ! ,dani% & ,sw$i%1 ,*ri/orn4 ,! next subject we h *os5 z an illu/ration ( ! adaptability ( our native plants to ! purposes ( ! ornam5ti/ is ! ,,hop 7,humulus lupulus74 ,?\gh we d n recall any example ( its use 9 ! ornam5t ( ! pa/1 except 9 "o ( ! capitals at ,s\?well ,m9/]1 x nev]!less appe>s to u a plant well des]v+ ( a place 9 our columns4 ,its climb+ habit1 ! beauty ( ! leaves1 & ! size ( ! cones1 are all features :i* 9 an especial mann] seem to fit x = ! s]vice ( ! design]2 & x appe>s curi\s t1 :ile s great a *oice 0 at ! disposal ( ! old c>v]s1 !y practically left s l>ge a field unt\*$4 ,our ar*itecture1 = in/ance1 ab\nds ) details ( oak1 maple1 & haw?orn2 yet ! nut & ! wild rose1 plants at lea/ z /rik+ & z common1 occur b r>ely1 :ile ! hop1 b9dwe$1 blackb]ry1 & _m o!rs1 seem to h be5 almo/ entirely neglect$4 ,! hop is f\nd 9 a truly wild /ate 9 our h$g][s & copses1 its weak /ems1 ,illu/ration3 ,hop4 p[]less to support !mselves1 trail+ a long di/ance1 & runn+ up any tree or o!r support ) :i* !y may come 9 contact1 & wrea?+ x ) _! beautiful clu/]s ( foliage & fruit4 ,x is also l>gely cultivat$ 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,belgium1 & ,g]many2 its tonic prop]ties1 & ! fragrant bitt] pr9ciple f\nd 9 x1 *emically t]m$ lupul9e1 be+1 x is almo/ ne$less to say1 utilis$ 9 ! mak+ ( be]4 ,x 0 ?us fir/ us$ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 be=e t "t ! fre% top %oots ( broom be+ employ$ to give ! desir$ bitt]ness4 ,! "y %oots are 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry cook$ & eat5 l asp>agus4 ,g]>de1 writ+ 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 says1 8,! hop joye? 9 a fat & fruitfull gr\nd1 also x gr[e? among/ bri]s & ?ornes ab\t ! bord]s ( fields4 ,! fl[]s are us$ to season be]e or ale )1 & too _m d cause bitt]nesse !re(1 & are ill = ! head4 ,! manifold v]tues ( hops d manife/ argue ! :olesomnesse ( be]e1 = ! hops r make x a physicall dr9ke to keep ! body 9 heal?1 ?an an ord9>y dr9ke = ! qu5*+ ( our ?ir/40 ,! leaves ( ! hop are sometimes he>t-%ap$1 at o!rs divid$ into ?ree v di/9ctly m>k$ lobes1 9 ei!r case ! m>g9s be+ deeply s]rate4 ,! ord] to :i* ! hop belongs includes _m plants useful to man1 z1 = in/ance1 among sev]al o!rs1 ! hemp1 mulb]ry1 fig1 ! ,uro/igma ela/icum1 yield+ india-rubb]1 & ! bread-fruit tree4 ,ab\t =ty million p\nds weight ( hops are annually employ$ 9 brew+ 9 ,engl&4 ,k5t & ,surrey are ! *ief means ( supply1 ?\gh ^? gr[n 9 ! ri* soil ( ! ,vale ( ,sev]n1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,worce/]1 are by no means inf]ior to ! be/ ,k5ti%4 ,! crop is a v speculative "o1 ! dang]s :i* surr\nd x be+ legion2 ! pr(its are1 h[ev]1 s great t ! gr[] is reimburs$ if "o crop 9 ?ree %\ld turn out well4 ,! hops gr[n 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,f>nham comm& ! highe/ prices4 ,! etymology ( ! ^w is unkn[n2 ! ,g]mans t]m x ,hopf54 ,hops h be5 cultivat$ 9 ,g]many f "t immemorial1 & x is f !nce t we d]ive bo? ! plant & its "n4 ,draw+s ( ! natural gr[? w be f\nd 9 ,e4 ,b4 #abhd1 ,s4 ,c4 #da2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #abe2 & ,p4 ,f4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,yell[-horn$ ,poppy4 ,! ,,yell[-,,horn$ ,,poppy 7,glaucium luteum7 w no d\bt h attract$ ! att5tion ( _m f ! peculi>ity ( its habitat1 gr[+ & fl\ri%+ z x does by ! sea%ore1 :]e little else appe>s to ?rive1 & by ! delicate gre5 ( its foliage1 ! brilliant yell[ ( its blossom1 & its spread+ gr[?1 cov]+ l>ge expanses ( ! %+ly bea* ) a v /rik+ & beautiful c>pet4 ,! pods1 a highly ornam5tal feature1 may occasionally be f\nd almo/ a foot 9 l5g?1 &1 toge!r ) ! =m ( leaf & locality ( gr[?1 effectually di/+ui% x f ! yell[ ,wel% poppy 7,meconopsis ,cambrica74 ,! sc>let-horn$ & ! violet-horn$ poppies1 alli$ species1 are bo? exce$+ly r>e 9 ,engl&3 ! latt]1 f its f9ely-cut leaves & size ( ! fl[]s1 is well adapt$ to art-purposes4 ,! yell[-horn$ poppy w be f\nd 9 fl[] f ,june to ,octob]4 ,draw+s ( x occur 9 ,e4 ,b4 #ff2 ,p4 ,f4 #ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,ivy4 ,,ivy 7,h$]a helix74 ,we h already1 9 speak+ ( ! gr\nd-ivy1 dwelt to a c]ta9 ext5t ^u ! *>act]i/ics ( ! pres5t plant1 &1 f its abundance & conspicu\s appe>ance1 any l5g!n$ descriptive details mu/ be unnecess>y1 z !re c be b few to :om ! ivy is n p]fectly famili>4 ,we meet ) x ^u old build+s1 rocks1 & 9 ! woods & h$g][s1 runn+ ov] ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 or cov]+ ! trunks & ma9 bran*es ( ! trees ) its int]lac+ /ems & masses ( ri* foliage4 ,op9ions h be5 v v>i$ z to :e!r ! luxuriant gr[? ( ! ivy is detrim5tal or n to ! trees :i* x embraces2 = :ile "s h consid]$ t its pres5ce is a b5efit1 & p>ticul>ly 9 sev]e w9t]s1 o!rs h held t ! compression caus$ by ! long & closely adh]+ bran*es impairs ! vig\r & /unts ! gr[? ( ! tree4 ,! belief t ! ivy1 l ! mi/letoe1 draws its n\ri%m5t f ! tree is n[ no long] held1 z x has be5 satisfactorily prov$ t ! s-call$ rootlets 7or1 z !y are p]haps m expressively t]m$ by ,de ,c&olle1 crampons7 :i* we see ?r[n out f ! cl++ /ems d n dra9 ! sap ( ! support+ tree1 b mu/ be reg>d$ z a beautiful me*anical contrivance to aid1 by _! support & grasp1 ! asc5t ( ! ivy4 ,we f9d t ^! little bodies are equally develop$ :]e masses ( rock ,illu/ration3 ,ivy4 h to be scal$1 & t ! plant ?rives ) equal vig\r :]e support is cle>ly _! sole function2 & if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ivy runs ^u ! gr\nd1 ! crampons are n develop$1 z no su* support+ memb]s are !n ne$$4 ,! ivy is "o ( ! plants indig5\s to ,brita91 & d]ives its famili> "n f ! ,anglo-,saxon ifig4 ,consid]able diff]5ces ( op9ion h be5 held z to ! mean+ ( ! g5]ic "n1 ,h$]a3 ! be/ d]ivation appe>s to u to be t :i* assigns z its orig9 ! old ,celtic ^w = rope or cord1 h$ra1 z x exactly expresses ! *>act]i/ic appe>ance ( ! gr[?4 ,! ivy fl[]s dur+ ,octob] & ,novemb]1 a "t ( ! ye> :5 b few o!r plants are 9 blossom2 h5ce x becomes ! fav\rite resort ( v>i\s insects1 :ile ! b]ries are fully ripe by ,m>*1 & af=d a welcome food = ! blackbird1 missal-?ru%1 wood-pigeon1 & _m o!rs1 at a season :51 f ! sc>city ( o!r food1 !y become peculi>ly acceptable4 ,! ,romans d$icat$ ! ivy to ,bac*us1 & 9 _! sculpture he is g5]ally repres5t$ z cr[n$ by an ivy wrea?1 f an old belief1 m5tion$ by ,pl9y & o!rs1 t ! plant ?us worn neutralis$ ! intoxicat+ effects ( w9e4 ,! leaves ( ! ivy v>y v consid]ably 9 =m1 a feature :i* ! ornam5ti/ w appreciate4 ,! leaves ^u ! fl[]+ bran*es are some:at egg or he>t %ap$1 ) a v acute po9t1 ! m famili> ornam5tal =m ( ! five-lob$ leaf n be+ f\nd ^u ?is portion ( ! plant2 h5ce x is p]haps sc>cely legitimate to employ ! b]ries ) ! five-po9t$ =m ( leaf1 ?\gh 9 ! introduction ( ! plant 9 ! ornam5t ( ! ,middle ,ages ?is 0 entirely disreg>d$4 ,! ivy 0 "o ( ! fav\rite plants ( ! m$ival ornam5ti/4 ,examples ( its use are v num]\s3 ( ^! we ne$ m5tion b a few4 ,we f9d ! leaves & bran*es alone introduc$1 = in/ance1 9 wood-c>v+ 9 ! /alls ( ! *oir ( ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,*ur*1 ,lynn2 9 /onework1 z a crocket1 9 ! ,*apt]-h\se1 ,wells2 z ! foliage ( "o ( ! capitals 9 ! *oir ( ,l9coln ,ca!dral2 & 9 a beautiful example at ! spr++ ( an ar* at ! ,m9/]1 ,s\?well4 ,we f9d ! b]ries introduc$ ) ! leaves 79 e case ! leaf hav+ five po9ts7 9 a holl[ m\ld+ 9 ! cloi/]s at ,burgos 9 a p>ticul>ly beautiful mann]2 & 9 ,p>is on "o ( ! capitals ( ! ,sa9te ,*apelle1 & aga9 9 a simil> position 9 ! *ancel ( ,notre ,dame--! fir/ ( ^! be+ twelf?-c5tury "w1 & curi\s f ! v acute =m ( leaf employ$2 ! second dat+ f ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,a v good ,engli% example may be se5 9 a sp&rel 9 ! ,*apt]-h\se1 ,s\?well4 ,9 anci5t art we f9d ! ,egyptians repres5t+ ,osiris z be>+ an ivy-wrea!d ?yrsus2 & ^u ! ,greek & ,etruscan vases pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum we frequ5tly see runn+ b&s ( ornam5t :i* we c h little d\bt are bas$ ^u ! ivy3 9 mo/ ( ! examples ! b]ries are introduc$ toge!r ) ! he>t-%ap$ =m ( leaf1 ?\gh 9 a few cases a ?ree-po9t$ or a r\nd$ =m ( leaf1 /ill di/9ctly ivy-l 9 "*1 is sub/itut$4 ,ref] to ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #ga2 ,g4 ,o4 #ic4 ,our next illu/ration is d]iv$ f ! ,,ivy-,,leav$ ,,spe$well 7,v]onica h$]ifolia71 a plant ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 b :i*1 f its weak trail+ habit & small size1 may v easily be ov]look$4 ,x may g5]ally be met ) on h$ge-banks1 & fl[]s freely f ,m>* to ,augu/ ) a delicate pale blue bi-symmetrical blossom4 ,draw+s ( ! ivy-leav$ spe$well w be f\nd 9 ,e4 ,b4 #igj2 ,s4 ,b4 #ahd4 ,sev]al ( ! v]onicas are well adapt$1 f _! grace & delicacy ( =m1 to ! purposes ( ornam5tal art1 ! brooklime 7,v4 beccabunga7 & ! g]m&] spe$well 7,v4 *amdrys7 be+ especially good4 ,! fl[]s ( all ! species are bisymmetrical 9 =m4 ,! g]m&] spe$well is by "s writ]s suppos$ to be ! true =get-me-n4 ,illu/ration3 ,ivy-leav$ ,spe$well4 ,! ,,musk ,,mall[ 7,malva mos*ata71 & ! ,,common ,,mall[ 7,m4 sylve/ris71 ! subjects ( our next illu/rations1 are bo? common plants1 ! musk mall[ be+ frequ5tly met )1 & m especially on gravelly soils1 :ile ! common mall[1 ?\gh r>e 9 ,scotl&1 is abundant ?r\gh\t ,engl& on all k9ds ( gr\nd4 ,! fl[] ( ! common mall[ is ( a pale purpli% t9t1 ) ! ve9s ( a d>k] purple3 a v r>e v>iety has be5 met )1 hav+ ! fl[]s ( a pure blue4 ,! leaves are r\nd 9 g5]al outl9e1 b deeply lob$ into five or sev5 divisions1 & 9 old5 "t1 be=e ! introduction ( _m ( our pres5t vegetables into ,engl&1 7 a common article ( diet4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! musk mall[ & ! m>% mall[ 7,al?a (fic9alis71 possesses consid]able m$ic9al repute1 ! :ole plant be+ mucilag9\s & demulc5t 9 "*4 ,! roots ( ! ,al?a1 boil$ 9 wat]1 w yield ,illu/ration3 ,common ,mall[4 ,illu/ration3 ,musk ,mall[4 "o half _! weight ( a glut9\s matt]1 ( great value f its emolli5t qualities2 ! leaves & fruit w also yield x1 b 9 a less] degree4 ,! virtues ( ! family h long be5 recognis$4 ,pl9y held t :osoev] %\ld take a little ( ! extract %\ld ?r\gh\t t day be free f all fe> ( disease4 ,dioscorides consid]$ x a sure antidote 9 cases ( poison+2 :ile ,hippocrates taught t its soo?+ action especially fitt$ x z a vuln]>y4 ,! fl[]s ( ! musk mall[ are v l>ge1 & ( a pure & delicate p9k1 ! leaves v deeply divid$1 a feature di/+ui%+ x f all ! o!r ,briti% species ( mall[4 ,its ,engli% "n is sugge/$ by ! slight musky smell ( ! foliage if press$ 9 ! h&4 ,! ,malvace are *iefly tropical plants2 ab\t six hundr$ species are kn[n1 almo/ all possess+ ! mucilag9\s "* ( our ,briti% species1 _m yield+ 9 addition a valuable fibre1 & "s ,am]ican & ,asiatic species produc+ ! well-kn[n cotton1 a filam5t\s sub/ance envelop+ ! se$s4 ,! hollyhock ( our g>d5s also belongs to ?is family4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,malva1 is d]iv$ f a ,greek ^w signify+ to s(t51 9 allusion to ! soo?+ effect ( ! great] numb] ( ! g5us1 :ile ! ,engli% "n has cle>ly desc5d$ f ! ,anglo-,saxon malu4 ,draw+s ( ! common mall[ may be se5 9 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 ii4 #ea2 ,m4 ,b4 #ed2 ,p4 ,f4 #a2 ,v4 ,w4 #cic4 ,! musk mall[ w be f\nd 9 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 iv4 #ej2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,maple4 ,! ,,maple 7,ac] campe/re7 is g5]ally met ) z a small h$g][ tree ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 b x is n common 9 ei!r ,scotl& or ,irel&4 ,! wood1 ?\gh small 9 section1 is (t5 v beautifully ve9$1 & ?us becomes ( s]vice = furniture1 inlay1 c4 ,! b>k is exce$+ly r\gh1 full ( deep furr[s1 & v mu* resembl+ cork 9 its appe>ance4 ,! fruit is w+$4 ,! specific "n1 campe/re1 ref]s to ! localities 9 :i* ! plant may be f\nd1 ! op5 fields2 :ile ! g5]ic "n1 ,ac]1 %>p or h>d1 9 ,celtic ac1 has be5 be/[$ ^u x f ! t\ghness ( ! wood4 ,x 0 ext5sively us$ by ! anci5t ,britons 9 ! fabrication ( weapons ( w>--spikes1 spe>s1 & lance h&les4 ,! ,engli% "n evid5tly desc5ds f ! ,saxon mapul-dre4 ,we ?us 9 ^! few words1 ,ac] campe/re1 ! maple1 le>n :]e ! plant is to be f\nd2 "o ( its /rik+ features1 ! h>dness ( ! wood2 & also1 f its ,saxon "n1 ! fact ( its be+ "o ( our indig5\s %rubs4 ,?is has1 f ! beautiful =ms ( ! leaves & fruit1 be5 l>gely introduc$ 9 m$ival "w4 ,x occurs1 = in/ance1 v beautifully treat$1 z "o ( a s]ies ( small sp&rels 9 ! /alls ( ,l9coln ,ca!dral1 & aga9 9 a sp&rel 9 ! *oir ( ,w9*e/]4 ,on ! ,cont95t two v beautiful examples ( x are se5 9 holl[ m\ld+s 9 ! ca!drals ( ,evreux1 & ( ,notre ,dame1 ,p>is4 ,all ^! specim5s are ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,draw+s ( ! natural gr[? may be se5 9 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #cj2 ,p4 ,f4 #bf2 ,g4 ,o4 #id4 ,,k+-,,cup1 or ,,m>% ,,m>igold 7,cal?a palu/ris71 a plant by no means uncommonly met ) 9 m>%y gr\nd1 wat]-c\rses1 & su*-l localities4 ,x may frequ5tly be f\nd 9 tidal /reams1 gr[+ 9 su* a position t at high tide x is completely cov]$2 we h ?us se5 x by ! side ( ! ,?ames1 fl\ri%+ 9 great vig\r & beauty1 & at full tide sway+ ) ! =ce ( ! /ream at a dep? ( f "o to two feet f ! surface4 ,9 su* situations ! plant gr[s ) luxuriance1 & f ! l>ge size & brilliant yell[ ( its />-l fl[]s1 ! vigor\s gr[? ( ! ri* gre5 foliage1 & ! long succul5t /ems1 x becomes a /rik+ feature ev5 9 ! mass ( bold heal?y vegetation s commonly f\nd by ! edges ( a wat]-c\rse3 ^!1 !re=e1 are ! *>act]s :i*1 9 embody+ ! plant 9 any design1 we mu/ endeav\r to en=ce4 ,we are unacqua9t$ ) any e>ly examples ( ! use ( ! m>% m>igold1 except 9 "o page ( a fifte5?-c5tury illu/ration4 ,?is is ! m curi\s s9ce ! "n m>igold has ref]5ce to its use 9 ! *ur*-decorations ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ^u ^? days m especially devot$ to ! fe/ivals associat$ ) ! ,virg9 ,m>y2 we %\ld naturally1 !re=e1 h ?\ght t1 ?us br\ght be=e ! att5tion1 its ornam5tal features w\ld h be5 p]ceiv$ & p]man5tly embodi$ 9 "s capital or sp&rel4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,cal?a1 is d]iv$ f a ,greek ^w signify+ cup1 & expressively po9ts out a beautiful feature 9 ! =m ( ! fl[]2 :ile ! specific "n1 palu/ris1 is drawn f ! ,lat9 palus1 a m>%1 & cle>ly indicates ! localities naturally *os5 by ! plant4 ,! plant w be f\nd 9 fl[] 9 ! spr+1 rema9+ = a consid]able "t 9 full bloom1 & f its p]5nial nature w1 :5 once e/abli%$ 9 any locality1 soon become a p]man5t addition to ! flora ( ! di/rict4 ,repres5tations ( ! natural gr[? ( ! m>% m>igold w be f\nd 9 ,e4 ,b4 #dj2 ,p4 ,f4 #ed4 ,! ,,mi/letoe--,anglo-,saxon1 mi/elta 7,viscum album7--is s well kn[n t x w\ld appe> /range t s famili> a plant has be5 b little employ$ 9 m$ival art1 did we n rememb] t its pagan associations _h plac$ x "u a ban4 ,! only example ( its use t has come "u our obs]vation is 9 "o ( ! sp&rels ( a tomb 9 ,bri/ol ,ca!dral4 ,! natural gr[? w be f\nd portray$ 9 ,m4 ,b4 #bgj2 ,w4 ,h4 ,h41 ,plate ,a1 ,fig4 #c2 ,p4 ,f4 #hh4 ,! lightness ( ! plant1 & its association ) ,*ri/mas1 seem features t r5d] a k ( x desirable to ! ornam5ti/4 ,x appe>s to u a plant capable ( v ext5sive use 9 ! v>i\s developm5ts ( decorative art4 ,we ne$ only m5tion a few--! backs ( play+-c>ds1 e>!nw>e1 musl9s1 *9tzes1 wall-pap]s4 ,_m o!r uses w1 no d\bt1 readily sugge/ !mselves to our read]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,mi/letoe4 ,! ,,oak 7,qu]cus robur71 :ile p]haps our be/-kn[n indig5\s tree1 f its weal? ( leg5d>y1 religi\s1 & hi/oric associations1 has also be5 "o ( ! fav\rite subjects ( ! ornam5ti/1 be+ abundantly f\nd 9 c>v+1 /5cill+1 drap]ies1 glass1 c41 bo? 9 ,engl& & on ! ,cont95t1 ,illu/ration3 ,oak4 ?r\gh\t ! :ole range ( ! ,decorat$ & ,p]p5dicul> /yles ( ,go?ic1 & ! correspond+ p]iods 9 ,france1 ,spa91 & ,g]many1 & also aft]w>ds 9 ! v>i\s modifications ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,to ref] at any l5g? to ! v>i$ associations surr\nd+ x w\ld be =eign to our pres5t purpose1 ?\gh its sacr$ "* 9 ! ,druidical rites ( ! anci5t ,britons1 ! importance ( its timb] = ! purposes ( ! %ipwright & ar*itect1 ! comm]cial value ( ! b>k = use 9 tann+1 lead+ to ! fell+ ( ?\s&s ( trees e ye>1 its use 9 m$ic9e1 ! b>k be+ a p[]ful a/r+5t1 & an infusion f ! galls s frequ5tly f\nd ^u ! oak be+ an excell5t antidote 9 cases ( poison+ by ! t>trate ( antimony1 are all po9ts ( int]e/ or utility 9 connection ) x4 ,x has also be5 "o ( ! fav\rite trees ( ! poets--,dryd51 ,pope1 ,c[p]1 ,wordswor?1 & _m o!rs1 hav+ ref]r$ to x 9 _! writ+s2 :ile to ! arti/ ! rugg$ maje/y & vig\r ( ! bran*es 9 w9t]1 ! brilliant bronze r$ ( ! e>ly spr+ foliage1 ! deep mass ( d>k gre5 leaves 9 summ]-"t1 or ! fi]y gl[ x be>s :5 t\*$ by ! fro/s ( advanc+ w9t]1 r5d] x at all times a beautiful & /rik+ object 9 ! l&scape4 ,! galls s g5]ally met ) ^u ! leaves ( ! oak are caus$ by a small insect1 ! ,cynips ,qu]cus-folii1 :i*1 by punctur+ ! leaf & lay+ an egg 9 ! w\nd1 causes a diseas$ & abnormal gr[? ( ! "p3 on cutt+ "o ( ^! galls op5 ! grub w g5]ally be f\nd )94 ,! galls *iefly us$ 9 m$ic9e & comm]ce1 ?\gh simil> 9 _! orig91 are ! "w ( ano!r little insect on a diff]5t & =eign species ( oak4 ,?\gh ! oak is s famili> a tree 9 our woods & h$g][s1 x mu/ at "o "t1 :5 ,engl& 0 ext5sively cov]$ by =e/s1 h be5 /ill m abundant4 ,we are l$ to ?is conclusion f ! great numb] ( places ^: names1 h&$ d[n to u f our e>ly hi/ory1 d]ive _! =ce & mean+ f ?is abundance3 ?us ,ockham1 9 ,surrey1 is lit]ally ,o*am1 ! place ( oaks1 a title :i* x /ill well des]ves4 ,ockley1 ,acton1 ,acwor?1 & _m m examples1 might be cit$4 ,sup]/ition1 too1 ) its usual f]tility ( inv5tion1 has n fail$ to detect ! /range & m>vell\s 9 ! oak4 ,( ?is1 did space p]mit1 & 7 x n some:at =eign to our subject1 we c\ld quote _m curi\s in/ances4 ,9 ! works ( ! ornam5ti/1 to ! be/ ( our k1 ! ,q4 robur =m ( ! oak has be5 exclusively us$4 ,to give an ext5d$ li/ ( ! places :]e illu/rations ( its use 9 design occur w\ld be to devote f> m space to x ?an is really ne$ful3 z an example ( its use 9 /onework1 we w\ld in/ance a small1 b good capital at ,ely1 :]e "o pleas+1 natural1 & ornam5tal feature1 ! empty cup ( ! acorn contra/+ ) ! o!r =ms1 is v well introduc$4 ,we see ?is same att5tion to natural detail 9 "s fl[+ foliage 9 a holl[ m\ld+ at ,h5ry ,,vii4's ,*apel1 ,we/m9/]3 ! leaves are s deeply cut into lobes1 & s modifi$ 9 =m1 t except = ! pres5ce ( ! acorns1 we %\ld n recognise ! foliage z be+ t ( ! oak at all4 ,a v cle> & good piece ( oak is introduc$ 9 "s wood-c>v+s at ! ends ( ! /alls at ,wells ,ca!dral2 aga91 9 crockets at ,exet]1 9 ! ,lady ,*apel2 9 a /one boss1 ,/4 ,cu?b]t's scre51 ,/4 ,alban's ,abbey ,*ur*2 9 wood5 sp&rels at ,w9*e/]1 & ,nor?fleet ,*ur*1 ,k5t2 z a diap] 9 glass qu>ries at ,fulb\rne & ,wat]bea* ,*ur*es1 9 ,cambridge%ire2 & z a c>v+ at ! ar*-spr++ at ,s\?well ,m9/]1 ,nott+ham%ire4 ,on ! ,cont95t1 9 ,burgos ,ca!dral1 we meet ) sev]al exce$+ly beautiful c>v+s ( ! maple1 plane1 v9e1 & _m o!r plants--among !m a squ>e panel fill$ ) oak1 & a v graceful runn+ b& ( leaves & acorns r\nd ! tomb ( ,don ,juan ,,ii42 & 9 ,p>is1 9 ! ,sa9te ,*apelle1 we also f9d a holl[ m\ld+ fill$ ) runn+ oak foliage4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum _m excell5t fragm5ts ( wood-c>v+ are pres]v$1 & among ^! ! oak is v (t5 visible2 :ile 9 ! c]amic collection we frequ5tly see ! bord]s ( ! ,majolica di%es & plates entirely compos$ ( int]lac$ bran*es ( oak4 ,! oak is1 9 ?is latt] s]ies ( examples1 ( h]aldic significance z ! badge ( ! ,dukes ( ,urb9o4 ,repres5tations ( ! natural gr[? ( ! oak may be se5 9 ,e4 ,b4 #abhh2 ,m4 ,b4 #abf2 ,p4 ,f4 #i2 ,s4 ,c4 #aea2 ,g4 ,o4 #ie2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #abg4 ,,ox-,,eye ,,daisy 7,*rysan!mum leucan!mum74 ,! impressions we at once d]ive on see+ ! natural plant are--fir/1 ! size & brilliant />-l "* ( ! fl[]s1 z we view x gr[+ amid/ ! long grass2 secondly1 ! beautiful contra/ ( =m1 col\r1 & light & %ade betwe5 ! deep yell[1 convex c5tral portion & ! brilliant :ite & concave rays surr\nd+ x2 & ?irdly1 ! comp>ative smallness & insignificance ( ! leaves3 h5ce x appe>s to u t 9 any adaptation ( ! plant to ! purposes ( ! design]1 ^! are sali5t po9ts to be obs]v$4 ,we f9d x gr[+ v freely 9 mead[s1 on ! sunny side ( railway banks1 c41 &1 :]e f\nd at all1 g5]ally 9 great pr(usion4 ,dur+ ! pa/ summ]1 by ! side ( ! riv] ,wey1 we came across a plant t _h firmly e/abli%$ itself1 & 0 gr[+ & fl[]+ 9 full heal? & vig\r 9 ! cr[n ( a poll>d will[ tree1 ab\t eight feet f ! gr\nd4 ,x is "o ( ! plants reg>d$ by ! f>m] ) dislike1 z x g5]ally indicates great dryness ( soil1 &1 ,illu/ration3 ,ox-eye ,daisy4 f its abundance & ! p]5nial nature ( ! root1 c sc>cely be dislodg$ :]e x has once fairly tak5 possession4 ,! :ole plant v>ies f "o to two feet 9 height1 blossom+ 9 ,june & ,july4 ,! g>d5 *rysan!mum is a ,japanese alli$ species1 consid]ably modifi$ by cultivation4 ,x may be se5 pa9t$ on ,japanese plates1 scre5s1 c4 ,s f> z we are aw>e1 ! ox-eye seems to h be5 b little us$ 9 ornam5tal art1 ! foll[+ examples be+ ! only cases ( its occurr5ce ) :i* we are acqua9t$3--,on a label t]m9ation to "o ( ! w9d[s 9 ! presbyt]y1 ,w9*e/]1 :]e we f9d ! fl[] 9 ! c5tre ( ! boss v cle>ly & unmi/akably r5d]$1 b surr\nd$ by ! ord9>y type ( leaf ( ! ,e>ly ,engli% ,go?ic p]iod2 9 "s twelf?-c5tury glass at ,rheims1 :]e x is introduc$ z ! fl[] d$icat$ to ,/4 ,john1 & :]e1 by a poetical symbolism1 all ! fl[]s turn t[>ds our ,savi\r on ! cross1 z ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness1 ! true ,light ( ! _w2 aga9 met ) 9 ! celebrat$ ,,ms41 8,! ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany10 n[ 9 ! ,biblio?que du ,roi1 ,p>is4 ,?is illum9ation dates f ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! fl[]s introduc$ be+ v naturali/ic 9 "*1 & ) _! %ad[s ?r[n ^u a gold5 gr\nd--a m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( ! illum9ation ( t "t4 ,x also occurs 9 a missal 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,ars5al1 ,p>is1 :]e1 on a gold5 gr\nd simil> to t la/ cit$1 deta*$ fl[]s are scatt]$ ov] ! bord]s--! pea1 iris1 he>tsease1 & _m o!rs be+ repres5t$1 & among !m ! ox-eye daisy4 ,draw+s ( ! natural plant w be f\nd 9 ,s4 ,b4 #aeh2 ,e4 ,b4 #gad2 ,p4 ,f4 #db4 ,! ,,campion 7,ly*nis diurna7 is ano!r plant well adapt$ to ! ne$ ( ! ornam5ti/1 ! =m ( ! fl[] & ! %ea?+ ( ! /em by ! pairs ( leaves be+ valuable & *>act]i/ic ornam5tal features4 ,! ,ly*nis diurna is to be met ) 9 moi/ h$ge-banks1 & m especially ^? t are %ad$ by ov]hang+ trees2 ! fl[]s are ( a delicate p9k1 sc5tless1 & op5+ 9 ! e>ly morn+2 diff]+ 9 all ^! respects f ! ,ly*nis vesp]t9a1 a v simil> plant 9 g5]al appe>ance1 b hav+ ! fl[]s :ite1 ) a slight od\r1 & op5+ 9 ! ev5+4 ,! :ite campion has g5]ally a m robu/ & co>s] "* ( gr[? ?an ! p9k campion1 & appe>s to delight 9 m op5 situations4 ,by _m botani/s1 h[ev]1 ^! two plants are consid]$ z closely alli$1 ! p9k campion be+ reg>d$ z m]ely a v>iety ( ! :ite1 & bo? ref]r$ to z ! ,ly*nis dioica4 ,! specific names1 diurna & vesp]t9a1 ref] to ! times ( fl[]+1 ! morn+ & ev5+ respectively2 :ile ! g5]ic "n1 ,ly*nis1 common to all ! species1 is d]iv$ f ! ,greek ^w = lamps1 ! ?ick d[ny cov]+ on ! leaves ( ! :ite campion hav+ at "o "t be5 employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( wicks = use 9 lamps4 ,ref] to ,f4 ,l4 vol4 ii4 #cb2 ,t4 ,n4 ,o4 #fi2 ,p4 ,f4 #ec4 ,illu/ration3 ,campion4 ,,sorrel 7,rumex acetosa74 ,?\gh f its inconspicu\s "* ! sorrel may v readily be pass$ ov]1 x w1 we ?9k1 be f\nd to repay ! att5tion ( ! ornam5ti/1 s9ce ! lightness & grace ( its gr[?1 its brilliant col\r1 & ! ri* =m ( ! leaf1 are all *>act]i/ics t %\ld r5d] x valuable to ^? engag$ 9 decorative art4 ,! leaves h a pleasant acid flav\r1 & are occasionally employ$ 9 salads4 ,! ,engli% "n is d]iv$ f ! ,anglo-,saxon sur1 s\r4 ,! pres5t plant mu/ n1 f simil>ity ( "n1 be confus$ ) ! wood-sorrel 7,oxalis acetosella71 z ! two plants are v diff]5t 9 appe>ance1 ! wood-sorrel hav+ l>ge :ite fl[]s1 & a beautiful trefoil "* ( leaf4 ,illu/rations ( ! natural gr[? ( ,r4 acetosa may be se5 9 ,e4 ,b4 #abbc2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 v4 #bi2 ,m4 ,b4 #fi4 ,illu/ration3 ,sorrel4 ,! ,,spe>-,,plume ,,?i/le 7,c>duus lanceolatus7 has be5 select$ z ! subject ( our next example4 ,x may v commonly be met ) 9 h$ge-banks & wa/e gr\nd1 atta9+ to a height ( f ?ree to f\r feet1 & =m+ a v ornam5tal & conspicu\s object4 ,its employm5t 9 h]aldry ) ! motto ,,nemo ,,me ,,impune ,,lacessit1 z ! badge ( ,scotl&1 is s well kn[n t ! m]e m5tion ( ! fact w suffice to recall x to ! memory ( our read]s2 b ?is application ( x1 & its frequ5t recurr5ce 9 all circum/ances :]e ! national emblems are introduc$1 r5d] x necess>y t ! design] %\ld be famili> ) ! plant he w ?us h to treat4 ,!re are sev]al indig5\s species ( ?i/le1 "s "o or two ( !m lay+ claim to _! "r to be consid]$ ! true ,scotti% badge1 b ! balance ( evid5ce w1 we ?9k1 be f\nd to po9t to ! spe>-plume ?i/le z t mo/ entitl$ to ! hon\r4 ,! ,c4 m>ianus1 or milk-?i/le1 "o ( our r>] native1 or at lea/ naturalis$ species1 has a p>ticul>ly ornam5tal effect f ! ve9s ^u ! leaves be+ ( a cle> milky :ite1 ! re/ ( ! leaf be+ ( ! normal gre5 col\r4 ,a draw+ ( ! spe>-plume ?i/le may be se5 9 ,e4 ,b4 #fhf4 ,illu/ration3 ,?i/le4 ,! ,,?orn-,,apple1 ?\gh n a common wild plant1 may occasionally be met )1 gr[+ on wa/e spots1 rubbi% heaps by ! roadside1 & simil> places4 ,! l>ge size & brilliant :it5ess ( ! fl[]s1 ! bulk & peculi> "* ( ! sp9y fruit1 make x a v /rik+ object1 & admirably fitt$ = a %>e ( ! ornam5ti/'s reg>d4 ,x is a plant ( ,ea/]n orig91 & 0 unkn[n "h until ! reign ( ,elizabe?2 we !re=e d n f9d x 9 any ( ! art-"w be=e t date1 nor1 inde$1 d we rememb] to h ev] se5 x ,illu/ration3 ,?orn-apple4 9 any way introduc$ 9 lat] designs3 ?is1 no d\bt1 is p>tly ow+ to ! comp>ative r>ity ( ! plant4 ,its sci5tific "n is ,datura /ramonium1 ! g5]ic "n be+ d]iv$ f tatorah1 ! "n ( ! plant 9 ,arabic4 ,! :ole plant is p[]fully n>cotic 9 its effects4 ,9 ! qua9t pages ( ,g]>de1 publi%$ ,a4,d4 #afcf1 we le>n ! hi/ory ( its introduction into ,engl&4 ,g]>de 0 ! director ( ! botanical g>d5 ( ,"l ,burleigh2 h5ce he receiv$ _m r>e plants f abroad = cultivation4 ,9 speak+ ( ! ,datura1 he says1 8^: se$s ,i h receiv$ ( ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,"l ,edw>d ,z\*1 :i* he br\ght f ,con/ant9ople1 & ( 8 lib]alitie did be/[ !m vpon me2 & x is t ?orn-apple t ,i h dispos$ ?r\gh ?is l&40 ,9 "s botanical works we f9d x ass]t$ t ! ?orn-apple 0 introduc$ into ,europe 9 ! ,middle ,ages by ! gypsies1 :o1 9 _! w&]+s1 br\ght x f ,asia2 b ! decl>ation ( ,g]>de is s positive & explicit1 t x seems difficult to admit any o!r belief1 m especially z he accompanies 8 /atem5t by an illu/ration :i*1 ?\gh v r\gh & qua9t1 is q suffici5tly l ! natural plant to prove t x 0 n "s o!r species introduc$ by him & wrongly nam$4 ,draw+s ( ! ?orn-apple may be consult$ 9 ,e4 ,b4 #ice2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 vi4 #ag2 ,m4 ,b4 #abd2 ,s4 ,c4 #f2 ,p4 ,f4 #ac4 ,! ,,torm5til 7,pot5tilla torm5tilla7 has already1 to "s ext5t1 be5 ref]r$ to :5 speak+ ( an alli$ species1 ! c9quefoil4 ,! fl[]s1 ?\gh typically compos$ ( f\r petals1 are frequ5tly to be f\nd ) ! petals five 9 numb]1 ! calyx 9 t case be+ cleft into t5 segm5ts in/ead ( ! normal arrangem5t4 ,we are n acqua9t$ ) any example ( ! use ( ! torm5til 9 ornam5t1 b ! wood-/rawb]ry 7,frag>ia vesca71 an alli$ g5us ( ! same natural ord]1 has a simil> =m ( calyx1 ! segm5ts be+ alt]nately l>ge & small1 & twice z num]\s z ! petals2 & ?is beautiful ornam5tal feature is v c>efully %[n 9 a sixte5?-c5tury ,,ms4 at ! ,briti% ,museum1 :]e ! plant is introduc$ 9 "o ( ! bord]s4 ,consult ,e4 ,b4 #dcj2 ,f4 ,l4 vol4 v4 #ce2 or ,p4 ,f4 #id1 = illu/rations ( ! natural gr[? ( ! torm5til4 ,our rema9+ illu/ration has be5 sugge/$ by ! ,,wat] ,,cr[foot 7,ranunculus aquatilis71 "o ( ! num]\s species ( butt]cups1 b di/+ui%$ f its allies by ! petals ( ! fl[]s be+ :ite1 n yell[1 z 9 ! case ( ! o!r memb]s ( ! family1 & also f ! habitat ( ! plant1 ! blossoms be+ f\nd float+ ^u ! surface ( quiet wat]-c\rses4 ,! cr[foot may be met ) 9 fl[] ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 &1 :]e se5 at all1 is ord9>ily v abundant1 s t at a little di/ance ! :ole surface ( a l>ge pond w tell ^u ! eye z a mass ( :ite1 f ! innum]able blossoms ?ickly scatt]$ ov] ! wat]4 ,! ,engli% "n cr[foot has aris51 l _m simil> names1 f ! suppos$ resemblance ( ! plant1 or "s portion ( x1 to "s o!r natural object2 ?us we get crane's-bill1 cock's-foot grass1 l>k's-spur1 bee-or*is1 pheasant's-eye1 & _m o!r su* examples among our common names = plants4 ,z a family1 ! butt]cups mu/ be reg>d$ ) suspicion on acc\nt ( _! /rongly develop$ acrid qualities2 ?us ! leaves ( ! ,r4 flammula1 if appli$ to ! sk91 w1 9 a v %ort "t1 cause l>ge & pa9ful bli/]s4 ,! ,r4 acris is equally poison\s2 & ! ,r4 arv5sis1 or corn cr[foot1 is extremely injuri\s to cattle & %eep4 ,! ,r4 aquatilis does n possess ^! dang]\s qualities2 on ! contr>y1 x may be collect$ & giv5 z fodd] 9 times ( sc>city or dr\ght1 & ! animals w n only eat x1 b ?rive ^u x4 ,x is a v ,illu/ration3 ,wat] ,cr[foot4 widely spread species3 ! placid wat]s ( regions s diff]5t f ea* o!r 9 climate z ,lapl& & ,abyss9ia are equally fav\rable to its gr[?1 & ! lakes & sl[ly runn+ /reams ( ,cali=nia are p[d]$ ov] ) its brilliant blossoms1 z we see !m 9 our ,engli% pools4 ,! wat] cr[foot af=ds u also a beautiful example ( t adaptability ( =m to ! circum/ances ( ! plant's exi/5ce :i* we may s frequ5tly trace 9 ! works ( nature4 ,x w be notic$ 9 ! illu/ration t two v di/9ct =ms ( leaf are repres5t$2 &1 on exam9+ ! natural plant1 x w be f\nd t ! simpl] =m ( leaf floats ^u ! surface ( ! wat]1 :ile ! l[] & m m9utely divid$ leaves are subm]g$4 ,imag9e ! respective positions ( ^! leaves rev]s$1 & x w\ld spe$ily be app>5t t ! f9ely cut leaves 7 unable to support ! blossoms1 & to expose !m to ! vivify+ rays ( ! sun1 :ile ! simpl] =m ( leaf w\ld1 by ! action ( ! wat]1 spe$ily be torn into long %r$s1 ! pr9cipal ve9s alone rema9+1 & v mu* resembl+ ! actual =m t we meet ) 9 ! case ( ! subm]g$ leaves4 ,9 employ+ ! wat] cr[foot 9 ornam5tal art1 x appe>s to u t ! two great features mo/ highly *>act]i/ic ( x1 & !re=e to be embodi$ 9 a design1 are1 fir/1 ! numb] ( its blossoms2 &1 secondly1 ! two di/9ct k9ds ( leaf2 ! simpl] =m be+ ! mo/ prom95t1 b ! o!r1 ?\gh subord9ate1 z 9 ! case ( ! natural plant1 to be indicat$1 & its pres5ce felt4 ,! ,r4 bulbosus is ! species s frequ5tly met ) 9 ! c>v+s ( ! ,decorat$ p]iod ( ,go?ic art1 an especially beautiful example ( its use be+ se5 9 a capital 9 ! doorway 9 ! ,*apt]-h\se at ,s\?well ,m9/]1 ,notts4 ,! ,r4 aquatilis1 s f> z we h _h opportunity ( obs]vation1 appe>s to h be5 entirely ov]look$4 ,illu/rations ( ! wat] cr[foot w be met ) 9 ,v4 ,w4 #ie2 ,e4 ,b4 #ah4 ,hav+ ?us briefly indicat$ "s few po9ts ( int]e/ 9 ! =ego+ ,briti% plants1 we draw our rem>ks to a close2 x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be suppos$ t all ! mat]ial at our disposal 0 exhau/$4 ,we fe> r to we>y ! read] ?an to exhau/ ! /ores :i* nature af=ds2 h5ce we limit our rem>ks to fifty plants1 leav+ _m equally valuable ones unt\*$2 su* plants z ! bird's-foot trefoil1 *icory1 c[slip1 =get-me-n1 mead[ vet*l+1 silv]-we$1 & /ork's-bill1 be+ fully z well adapt$ to ! v>i\s purposes ( ornam5tal art z ^? we h1 9 ! body ( our text1 ref]r$ to2 9 fact1 ! :ole ( ^? j m5tion$ 71 toge!r ) _m m1 index$ z a portion ( our plan1 & 7 only cut out :5 x 0 f\nd t a catalogue ?us amplifi$ w\ld /ret* to an inord9ate l5g?4 ,?\gh we h1 9 ! c\rse ( our rem>ks on ea* plant1 be5 c>eful to indicate to our read]s ! books he %\ld consult = illu/rations ( ! natural gr[? ( ! fl[] 9 "q1 we _c conclude )\t aga9 /rongly advis+ ! design]1 :]ev] x is at all practicable1 to g direct to nature1 z a s]ies ( sket*es ( ev5 ! r\ghe/ "* has an ornam5tal value & v>iety :i* are n always f\nd 9 book-illu/rations1 &1 moreov]1 ! k ( ! plant acquir$ 9 actually del9eat+ x is wor? f> m ?an any /udy ( ! writt5 descriptions ( o!rs4 ,^! sket*es %\ld ( c\rse be made :5 ! plant is available1 & n left till an em]g5cy arises1 & :51 v possibly1 ! plant1 if f\nd at all1 may n be 9 satisfactory condition = ornam5tal "w4 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 a plant possess+ valuable prop]ties = decorative "w is met )1 a draw+ ( ! g5]al gr[? & enl>g$ details ( its m arti/ically valuable p>ts %\ld be made & /or$ up = future use4 ,a design] _c h too _m su* res]ves ( mat]ial1 ?\gh he may v easily h too few4 ,^? :o h nev] fairly se>*$ may1 h[ev]1 be "u ! impression t b little practical good c\ld come ( any su* seek+1 z1 = want ( exp]i5ce1 !y unkn[+ly und]rate ! weal? t1 at ! exp5se ( a %ort railway j\rney into ! c\ntry1 is !irs = ! ga!r+4 ,to te/ ?is we set out "o day 9 ,june1 & ! result ( a /roll ( b>ely two & a half h\rs 0 conclusive on ?is po9t4 ,9 addition to _m plants 9 se$1 or :i*1 f _! foliage1 7 wor?y ( introduction into art-"w1 no less ?an sev5ty-f\r 7 met ) 9 fl[]2 _m ( ^!1 z ! dog-rose1 blackb]ry1 :ite bryony1 comfrey1 mall[1 haw?orn1 & silv]-we$1 be+ excell5t = c>v+2 :ile ! bladd] campion1 =get-me-n1 mead[ cranesbill1 gr\nd-ivy1 mead[ vet*l+1 c9quefoil1 oxalis1 & honeysuckle1 w\ld be valuable = light] "w--musl9s1 pap]s1 or lace4 ,we _c d\bt t ! int]e/ ?us evolv$ f a direct /udy ( nature w\ld be a gr[+ "o2 t n only w\ld ! actual result 9 art-"w be ! bett] = x1 b also t ! enjoym5t d]iv$ f ! /udy w\ld be su* z to r5d] ! pursuit "o ( f> m int]e/ ?an ^? :o h n yet exp]i5c$ x c realise4 8,happy is he :o lives to und]/&1 ,n human nature only1 b explores ,all natures--to ! end t he may f9d ,! law t gov]ns ea*2 & :]e beg9s ,! union1 ! p>tition :]e1 t makes ,k9d & degree1 among all visible be+s2 ,! con/itutions1 p[]s1 & faculties1 ,:i* !y inh]it--_c /ep beyond1 ,& _c fall b5ea?2 t d assign ,to e class its /ation & its (fice1 ,?r\gh all ! mighty commonweal? ( ?+s2 ,up f ! creep+ plant to sov]eign man4 ,su* conv]se1 if direct$ by a meek1 ,s9c]e1 & humble _s1 tea*es love3 ,= k is delight2 & su* delight ,bre$s love2 yet1 suit$ z x r is ,= ?\ght & to ! climb+ intellect1 ,x tea*es less to love ?an to adore3 ,if t be n inde$ ! highe/ love40 ,,wordswor?4 ,,ii4 ,,sea-,,we$s ,,z ,,objects ,,( ,,design4 ,,by ,s4 ,j4 ,,mackie1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,i4 ,z 9 ! _w ( human life1 s 9 ! _w ( nature--f ! humble/ & meeke/ ! greate/ lessons may be le>n$2 & !re is (t5 z mu* wor?y ( admiration & /udy 9 ! neglect$ z 9 ! kn[n & appreciat$4 ,! pure metal lies n on ! surface1 b ! gold is extract$ f ! solid rock1 or pick$ up1 aft] mu* lab\r1 among ! common s&s2 & _m ?+s lie out ( ! beat5 pa? f :i* ! arti/ & ! /ud5t might ga!r fre% fancies4 ,twice a day rises & falls ! great tide ( ocean1 & its heav+s 7 n less con/ant :5 ! trilobite & a/rolepis 7 inhabitants ( primordial dep?s2 /ill twice a day x ebbs & fl[s1 & ! /ony m\nta9s h treasur$ ! fragm5ts ( ! we$s x pluck$ f pre-,adamic %ores 9 memory ( its anci5t toil4 ,bright are ! fl[]s ( ! e>?1 ! fir/ & *oice/ ( ornam5ts4 ,pure1 simple1 & holy1 _! *>ms c nev] decay1 ?\gh famili>ity & inconsi/5cy may vulg>ise1 & innum]able misappropriations make u sometimes wi% = ! contra/s t o!r less %[y objects w\ld af=d4 ,:ile ! fields are radiant ) _! beauty1 & ! g5tle zephyrs fragrant ) _! sc5t$ od\rs1 ! great tide ebbs & fl[s ov] ! fl[]less plants ( ! sea4 ,ar\nd ! huge rocks ! p]5nial fr+es ( olive fuci undulate 9 graceful folds among ! swell+ waves1 & ! tall tangle b[s its pliant /em z 8,! ocean old1-- ,c5turies old1-- ,/rong z y\?1 & z uncontroll$1 ,paces re/less to & fro1 ,up & d[n ! s&s ( gold40 ,= ages h ! we$s ( ! sea be5 he$lessly disreg>d$ or despis$4 ,! vile/ epi!t ! poli%$ ,roman knew 0 alga projecta vilior4 ,horace1 too1 wrote alga inutilis2 & !re may yet be _m to exclaim ) ! ,scot* pr(essor ( ! la/ c5tury1 8,pooh1 pooh1 sir6 only a bundle ( sea-we$s60 ,b :5 ! apo/le ,pet] slept at ! h\se ( ,simon ! tann] he dreamt a great dream--a dream memorable to ! end ( "t--a dream t 0 a wak+ tru? to be set 9 gold5 lett]s1 & engrav5 on ! he>ts ( ri* & poor1 wise & unwise--8,!re is no?+ common nor unclean40 ,! ,*9ese believe !re is "o ^w expressive ( all excell5ce1 s exquisite t no "o c pron\nce x1 al?\gh x c be writt5 & p]ceiv$ by ! eyes4 ,t ^w is /amp$ alike on 8! vile sea-we$0 & on ! lovely fl[]4 ,i d n claim = bo? an equal rank1--! cottage may be *>m+1 & n vie ) ! palace2 & 8! pride ( ! village0 may want ! grace ( 8! ladye ( high degree10--b ,i d claim = ! neglect$ vegetation ( ! seaside an elegance ( =m1 & /ructure1 a sugge/iv5ess ( ma!matical designs1 a poetry ( association & typical expression1 a simplicity & mode/ gracefulness1 :i* w entitle x to ! be/ consid]ation ( ! design]4 ,_w-wide 9 di/ribution1 ! sea-we$s are accessible to e "o2 & x is n ! r>e/ t are1 = ornam5tal purposes1 ! mo/ valuable4 ,! beauty ( a manuscript tempt$ ,engl&'s greate/ mon>* to ! acquirem5t ( lett]s1 & ! commone/ we$ may be ! inc5tive to ! p]usal ( "o ( ,nature's *oice/ books4 ,:]ev] ! br9y wat]s wa% ! coa/s1 9 m>%es ev5 :]e ! salt sea p5etrates b seldom 9 ! ye>1 on rocks & /ones1 & pi]s & piles1 w9t] or summ]1 f ! l& ( gold to ! ,can>ies1 f ! soil ( ! ,hott5tot & ,caffre to ! ice-b\nd c\ntry ( ! ,lapp1 f ! float+ mead[s ( ! tropics to ! sn[y regions ( ! poles--!re gr[ ! crisp sea-we$s--!re may be ga!r$ 9 endless v>iety ! *a/e/ patt]ns ( simplicity4 ,all ! associations ( ! sea are gr& & glori\s1 & ! goddess ( beauty came f ! foam ( its waves4 ,9 ! sublime language ( anci5t my?ology1 ! ,ocean 0 ! fir/-born ( ,heav5 & ,e>?1 t 0 w$d$ to ! *ild ( ! l& & ! sky4 ,are !re no gems ( classic imag]y 9 ! bronz$ belt t girdles its giant =m8 ,h ! ?\s& daught]s ( ,atlas & ,te?ys all tak5 to groves & cities1 & h ! ,n]eides become ! att5dants ( ,flora8 ,are ! te>s ( ,calypso & ! loves ( ,amphitrite =gott58 ,has ! memory ( ,sappho pass$ = ev] away1 & h ! gre5 & olive nursl+s ( ! surge no aff9ity ) ! cry/al phnix t arose f _! a%es 9 ! ,phnicians' fire8 ,!re is a po9t :5ce life & vegetation seem to div]ge--! simple cell2 :]e ! alg meet ! monads1 & mo/ my/]i\s processes & elaborations are c>ri$ on by means ! simple/ b mo/ a/\nd+4 ,( cell ^u cell are ! sea-we$s built1 & by cells or spores ca/ loose f _! sub/ance are _! species reproduc$1 z c]ta9ly & z surely z plants by ! m>riage ( ! fl[]s4 ,( cellul> tissue entirely does ! sea-we$ consi/2 ( cell ^u cell alone is wov5 all ! v>i$ drap]y ( ! deep4 ,a m]e sac1 empty1 or conta9+ a fluid or granul> sub/ance1 absorbs ! surr\nd+ fluids1 assimilates !m 9 its membran\s walls1 consolidates _! c>bon & nutriti\s sub/ances1 gr[s1 divides1 ea* portion swells aga9 to its p>5t size1 ea* aga9 divides1 & s ! splitt+ cells increase & multiply4 ,! rapidity ) :i* "s ( ! common conf]v ( our ponds are ?us develop$ is well kn[n2 & x is n unusual to f9d loa?some pools1 t 7 black at dawn ) decompos+ fil?1 cov]$ at eve ) a float+ v]dure rapidly & en]getically extract+ its nutrim5t out ( ! pollution1 & lib]at+ ! gas ( animal life--oxyg5--into ! atmosph]e1 9 lieu ( pe/il5tial effluvia4 ,! sn[-plant1 ! ,protococcus nivalis1 is p]haps ! be/-kn[n in/ance ( ! rapid developm5t ( cell-plants prop]ly s call$4 ,9 a few h\rs :ole tracts ( ! :ite sn[ ( nor!rn l&s w assume ! hue ( ! battle-field2 & f ano!r species ! wat]s ( ! ,arabian ,gulf h acquir$ _! memorable "n ( ,r$ ,sea4 ,above ! limits ( ! li*5 incru/+ ! peaks ( m\nta9s1 & 9 ! unplumb$ abysses ( ! deep bel[ ! region ( ! nullipore1 !re ! cell-plants sw>m by myriads2 & ev5 ! air p[d]s ! ropes ( %ips at sea ) ! atomic du/ t _h vegetat$ among ! cl\ds4 ,i h claim$ = ! sea-we$s ! attractions ( simplicity1 & ,i claim beauty ( outl9es & gracefulness ( =ms ev5 = ! simple/ ( ! simple--! cell-plants4 ,=ms6 outl9es ( cell-plants6 ,w\ld n a s+le species cont5t ! naturali/8 ,! ev]-v>y+ ,h& t is trac$ 9 all ar\nd has t\*$ ^! l[ly objects ) *>ms & wond]s 9 ! mo/ exquisite modifications ( =m & ! mo/ delicate sculpture4 ,! invisible is n ! less beautiful t x is unse52 ! physician owes mu* to ^! little ?+s--:y n ! arti/8 ,are !re no laws ( symmetry 9 natural objects1 z !re are ( me*anics & ( =ce8 no sympa!tic pr9ciples ( h>mony ( col\r ) =m1 z ( /ructure ) locomotion or fixity8 ,ev5 9 ^! humble plants !re are traces ( t div9e delicacy :i* may be obs]v$ & appreciat$--an expression ( t "o ^w :i* _c be spok54 ,= ! pres5t att5tion is conf9$ to ^? =ms ( alg :i* exhibit ! second /age 9 ! developm5t ( vegetation--! l9k+ ( ^! cells1 or cell-plants1 toge!r1 :i* is naturally effect$ by _! self-division & gr[?1 )\t actual sep>ation ( ! p>ts4 ,& "h ! transitions exhibit ^? almo/ ins5sible gradations :i* h l$ "s p[]ful m9ds to view ! highe/ /ructures1 & ev5 intellectual man1 z ! consummation only ( previ\s /ates & *anges4 ,b :atev] ideas may be ent]ta9$ ( ! mann] by :i* ! creative en]gy has work$1 ! results & ! p[]1 ! ends & ! means1 are alike a/\nd+1 :e!r ! monad or ! cell 7 elaborat$ into ! animal or ! plant1 or bo? 7 produc$ by a ?\ght to fulfil _! purposes 9 ! economy ( life4 ,! globul> membran\s sacs or cells divide 9 a l9e> direction1 & a /r+ ( ! t9ie/ beads results4 ,9 ! cyl9drical cell--= ! =ms ( ! cells are 9 !mselves v>i\s1 bo? naturally z well z by ! ex]cise ( mutual pressure & o!r influ5ces--a transv]se p>tition is =m$2 ! two ends are produc$2 9 ea* ( ^! aga9 ! same process is repeat$1 & a ?read-l species is =m$4 ,o!r globules adh]e side by side1 develop+ ! membran\s expansions ( cellul> tissue1 9 :i* we recognise ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! leaf4 ,9 ! cl++ toge!r ( ! cyl9drical fibres we p]ceive likewise ! fir/ rudim5ts ( ! bran* & /em3 9 su* cases1 :5 ! elongat$ cells ( ! fibres are ( an unequal l5g?1 a cont9u\s /em or cord is produc$1 v>i$ only z x is enl>g$ or swoll5 by ! me?odical aggregation ( great] numb]s1 or tap]+ by ! prolongation ( ! c5tral ?reads beyond ! re/1 or by ! less robu/ condition ( ! "y cells4 ,if ! cell-cyl9d]s are ( equal l5g?1 nodes & int]nodes1 l ! jo9ts ( a re$1 are produc$2 & by ! bifurcation ( ! cells ( ! extremities bran*+ fronds & ramuli result4 ,?us by ?is cell-splitt+ are =m$ ! delicate bran*+ =ms ( ! rhodosp]ms 7r$ sea-we$s71 ! pap]-l membran\s expansions ( ! ulvace1 ! jagg$ fronds ( ! fuci1 & ! /\t trunk ( ! gigantic lessonia4 ,?us ! progress ( ! g5]al plan1 f ! conception )9 ! ovule1 is trac$1 species by species1 & g5us by g5us1 until we pass a%ore ) ! zo/]a & a few o!r simil> bord]]s1 & asc5d ?r\gh ! mosses1 f]ns1 & grasses1 to ! fl[]+ plants & trees1 & rea* ! summit ( ! second organic k+dom1 :]e m9d alone seems want+ to complete ! conditions ( life4 ,inde$1 7 x n = ! p]fection ( all ?+s ar\nd u1 we might reg>d ! =mation ( beautiful fl[]s & massive trees z aris+ f an imp]fection--namely1 ! incomplete sep>ation ( ! primitive cells 9 _! self-division--& t ,nature _h turn$ ! h9t to mo/ admirable & wond]ful acc\nt1 t %e _h improv$ ^u x1 & n only jo9$ firmly toge!r ! sides ( ! connect$ cells1 b 9 _m ( ! ?read-l species _h enclos$ !m1 = _! bett] protection f disjunction1 9 gelat9\s or muc\s cyl9drical %ea?s1 :i* may be fancifully1 if n really1 reg>d$ z ! fir/ symptoms ( ! cuticle or b>k4 ,mo/ ( ! fili=m algals are fre% wat]1 b _m ( !m are m>9e2 & among ! tufts ( conf]v 9 bracki% pools1 or ! float+ scum on ! surface ( pollut$ wat]1 along ! muddy sides ( dit*es1 z well z coat+ damp rocks & spray-spla%$ cliffs1 ^u decay+ heaps ( sea-wrack1 on float+ planks drift+ a%ore ,illu/ration3 ,oscillatoria nigro-viridis4 ,illu/ration3 ,oscillatoria spiralis4 ,illu/ration3 ,calo?rix semipl5a4 9 fleecy masses1 or be>d+ ) silky hairs ! fronds ( ! sea-we$s !mselves1 we %all f9d abundant illu/rations ( su* primitive types = our pres5t purpose--t ( slightly trac+ "s ( ! v>iations & adaptations ( p>ticul> p>ts & organs by :i* ,nature effects ! beautification ( ! objects !mselves4 ,nor z we reg>d ^! objects "u ! microscope--= x w require ! high p[]s ( t in/rum5t to develop _! m9ute /ructure--c we avoid be+ /ruck ) ! elegance ( ! twi/+s & contortions1 ! lac+s & int]lac+s1 ( ev5 ! mo/ simple ?reads1 z !y congregate & comb9e to =m ^? d5se masses1 velvety tufts1 or hazy films by :i* _! myriads are made evid5t to ! human eye4 ,! developm5t ( c]ta9 cells into spores1 & ! wond]ful g5]ative processes by :i* ! alg are propagat$1 belong1 h[ev] int]e/+1 m to ! doma9s ( natural hi/ory ?an to our pres5t inquiry4 ,suffice x to say t1 by ! impregnation ( ! endo*rome ( "o cell by t ( ano!r1 ! spores--or se$s1 z = expressiv5ess !y may "h be t]m$--are produc$ by ! granulation ( ! mix$ matt]4 ,n[1 9 ! diff]5t aspects & conditions ( ^! spore-cells arises t fir/ div]g5ce f ! m]e ?read ( beads by :i* ,nature1 :ile %e reta9s ! pr9ciple & object ( ! organ itself 9 its adaptation to special conditions1 seems to v>y 9 e possible mann] & way1 n only 9 =m & sculpture1 b (t5 9 col\r1 h] mo/ primitive organizations4 ,ev5 ! contraction ( ! endo*rome itself1 9 ! granulat+ process1 by ! production ( int]mitt5t vacant spaces1 adds a pleas+ v>iation to _m ( ^! monili=m filam5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,sphrozyga ,b]keleyana4 ,illu/ration3 ,sp]mosira ,h>veyana4 ,illu/ration3 ,sphrozyga ,c>mi*aelii4 ,illu/ration3 ,sphrozyga ,?waitesii4 ,9 "s species ( ?is class ! cont9uity ( ! congregat$ cells is int]rupt$1 besides by ! spore cells1 by a connect+ cell1 or het]ocy/1 diff]+ 9 =m f ei!r1 & n unusually ( an entirely opposite & contra/+ col\r4 ,su* is ! case ) ! ,sp]mosira ,h>veyana1 a v m9ute species ( no/oc1 f\nd on dead leaves 9 ! summ] mon? ( ,june4 ,! rudim5t>y cells ( its exquisite curv$ filam5ts are small cyl9d]s1 ! spore capsules completely sph]ical1 & ! het]ocy/s subquadrate1 incl9+ to oval4 ,! col\rs v>y 9 ea*1 & are 9 ! fir/ ( a transluc5t blui% gre51--( c\rse1 !re=e1 ! prevail+ hue1--:i* is *>m+ly reliev$ by ! deep br[n ( ! second & ! pale p9k ( ! la/4 ,^! con/itutional =ms1 9 _! v>ieties & adaptations1 _! mann] ( gr[? & developm5t1 con/itute ! entire /ructure ( ! :ole tribe ( sea-we$s2 & !re=e we ought to f9d ! *ief features ( any elegance ^! humble =ms possess cont9u$ & elaborat$1 z !y really are1 9 ! m complex conditions ( ! high] fuci4 ,9 ! sections ( ! sea-we$s1 !re=e1 ev5 z made = ! sci5tific elucidation ( _! /ructure1 we may expect to f9d1 z we und\bt$ly %all d1 _m h9ts & lessons4 ,! true =m ( ! cell is p]haps ! globe1 b x is m commonly pres5t$ to u z ! cyl9d]1 ! conditions & outl9es ( :i* are v>i$ almo/ ad inf9itum1 z by ! v>i\s effects ( gr[? & pressure ! cells are =c$ into hexagons1 p5tagons1 & o!r ma!matical %apes1 or _! l9es ( junction are dispos$ 9 undulat+ trac]y ( ! mo/ elegant & intricate patt]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,magnifi$ ,transv]se ,section ( ,ar?rocladia villosa4 ,( ! few sections we h engrav$ z illu/rations1 ! fir/ is t ( a pretty knott$ sea-we$1 r r>e1 b /ill n uncommon on ! s\!rn coa/s ( our isl& 9 ! summ] & autumn seasons--! ,ar?rocladia villosa4 ,ar\nd ! tubul> axis ! l>g] r+s are dispos$1--to :i* circle ^u circle ( ! small] succe$ to ! v]ge ( ! p]iph]y1 yield+ to ! =ms ( ! int]m$iate cavities 9 num]\s appropriate %apes4 ,9 ! second we h giv5 a cross section ( ! compress$ frond ( ! ,desm>e/ia ligulata1 an inhabitant ( ! tidal pools at extreme l[ wat] on mo/ p>ts ( our coa/s4 ,an int]nal jo9t$ tube passes up ! c5tre ( ! frond1 & gives rise to ! obscure midrib p]ceptible on ! surfaces ( ! sides2 on ei!r side ! l>g] cells are dispos$ 9 two oppos+ flat arcs1 & compress$ into %apes m or less hexagonal1 outside ( :i*1 9 ! second r[1 ! p5tagonal =m prevails1 & !n ! int]m$iate ext]ior & int]ior spaces are fill$ by small] cellules ( m irregul> outl9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,magnifi$ ,transv]se ,section ( ,frond ( ,desm>e/ia ligulata4 ,illu/ration3 ,magnifi$ ,transv]se ,section ( ,spore-be>+ ,receptacle ( ,fucus vesiculosus4 ,! ?ird section is made across "o ( ! spore-be>+ receptacles :i* tip--z yell[ w>ty excresc5ces--! flat olive fronds ( ! common bladd]-we$1 ,fucus vesiculosus1 s common 9 d5se mead[s ev]y:]e on our %ores4 ,! int]ior1 fill$ ) mucus1 is trav]s$ by a network ( jo9t$ fibres1 :i* communicate ) ! sph]ical conceptacles imm]s$ 9 ! out] sub/ance1 & conta9+ ! spores & ! an!ridia4 ,t !re are o!r & _m sections f> m intricate & beautiful any "o c te/ify :o has ev] turn$ ov] ! f9e plates ( ,pr(essor ,h>vey's 8,phycologia ,britannica10 8 admirable pap]s 9 ! publications ( ! ,smi?sonian ,society1 or ! noble folio volume ( ,po/el & ,rupre*t2 b 9 ^! simple ones "h giv5--& select$ on t v acc\nt--we f9d ,nature contriv+ elegant & pleas+ devices by ! m]e repetition & comb9ation ( ! circle1 ! hexagon1 or ! p5tagon1 & produc+ by su* means a pleas+ unity & ri*ness ( effect in/ead ( a sam5ess or a pov]ty4 ,at any rate1 :5ev] ,nature does produce a beautiful object1 we %all nev] be ! worse = exam9+ ! pr9ciples by :i* %e has work$1 & x is 9 ! lea/ complicat$ t we mu/ fir/ hope to f9d ! rudim5t>y laws ( h] beauty-build+4 ,) rule & compass we c excel h] 9 accuracy--) reason1 exp]i5ce1 & remembrance1 we c improve ^u h] lab\rs 9 our artificial productions2 b1 not)/&+ ! _m exquisite objects ( art produc$ by our mod]n jewell]s1 !re is by f> too mu* conv5tionality & r\t9e 9 ! m ord9>y bij\t]ie ( e-day we>2 & we might f su* sections alone acquire _m novelties 9 ! sett+ ( gems1 pe>ls1 & pebbles1 z well z ga9 _m advantages ov] ! arbitr>y :ims ( an unguid$1 al?\gh x may be a cultivat$1 m9d4 ,n only might ! real be ?us improv$ by adopt+ ! ma!matical solids or trac]ies ?us sugge/$1 b !re are num]\s articles ( mock jewell]y 9 :i* %ells1 fictiti\s agates1 & inf]ior cameos are l>gely us$1 ! design]s = :i* might be advantage\sly employ$ = a season by ! seaside1 :]e _! eyes w\ld become accu/om$ to ! sob] olive ( ! we$s2 & x might !n be f\nd t a bronze sett+ w\ld n only be m tru?ful1 b m useful & *a/e1 ?an a hypocritical gilt surface1 t reveals at e t\* ! bas] metal b5ea?4 ,& "h1 ) ^! few words ( explanation & sugge/ion1 = ! pres5t let me leave ?is unwork$ ve9--m]ely add+ t ! longitud9al sections are z fanciful z ! transv]se1 & 9 view+ ! latt] we may (t5times imag9e we are exam9+ fairy rib&s & laces ( ! mo/ delicate texture4 ,b h[ev] complicat$ ! comb9ations ( ! cellul> & vascul> tissues become z we asc5d 9 ! scale ( creation1 ! developm5t ( =ms & t9ts 9 e natural object is z dep5d5t ^u fix$ laws z ! beauty & col\r+ ( a picture on ! skill & innate g5ius ( ! arti/4 ,few arti/s1 h[ev]1 if any1 "w by rule2 9 _! /udies !y atta9 in/9ctively1 z x 71 a conceptive k ( ! beautiful2 !y f9d ,nature ev] v>y+1 & !y f9d v>iety ! s\rce ( beauty2 !y f9d t an object compos$ ( l9es contra/s pleasantly ) circles2 t ! uprais$ h&s ( a speak] %\ld be oppos$ by ! fold$ arms ( ! li/5]s--! en]getic by ! pro/rate2 & s !y g on1 acquir+ a sci5ce by p]ception1 ( :i* ! m e!real portion has nev] yet be5 r$uc$ to writt5 rules1 & is s subtle t p]haps x nev] w be4 ,t design]s "w m usually by _! innate ta/e & _! manual skill is ev9c$ by ! _m elegant absurdities t "o con/antly meets4 ,& n[ ,i w\ld arre/ ! fir/ objection t c\ld be rais$ aga9/ ! sea-we$s z objects ( design--_! inapplicability on ! gr\nd ( appropriat5ess4 ,!re is an appropriat5ess1 ! _w w say1 ab\t fl[]s2 !y h a language ( _! own1 9 :i* !y speak ! r>e/ poetry2 ! sa9ts ( all ! days ( ! ye> h _! d$ications ( ^! gems ( ! fields2 ! nymphs ( ! =e/ & dell1 ! ,naiades & my?ological cele/ials )\t end h patronis$ !m2 besides1 x is s natural to pap] our walls ) roses1 to h g>l&s wov5 9 our dresses2 & our maid5s only deck _! hair ) ! artificial because ! real w fade4 ,:at m prop] ?an a plate ( leaves = fruit1 or a decant] ornam5t$ ) grapes8 ,true2 b :at m absurd ?an a vase ( cabbage-leaves support$ on ! fl\ri%+ tails ( twi/$ dolph9s2 or a jug compos$ ( a gigantic head1 f :i* we p\r ! cont5ts ?r\gh ! p]=at$ body ( a swan1 ) its neck imm]s$ 9 a /urdy flag1 & ( su* rev]s$ proportions & ( su* dim9utive size t a :ole flock might roo/ 9 ! int]ior ( an egg1 )\t any ( !m exp]i5c+ t unpleasant inconv5i5ce :i* nurs]y rhymes attribute to ! old lady :o liv$ 9 ! %oe8 ,^! are broad absurdities1 al?\gh ! objects !mselves may be elegant & ( co/ly w>e3 ?us %[+ at once t ! grace ( natural objects is dep5d5t ^u ! laws ( ma!matical =m1 = !re is no?+ 9 ! subjects we h notic$ to int]e/--no hidd5 allusion--& all t is pleas+ arises f ! l9es ( cont\r4 ,b !re are m subtle misapplications1 :i* ord9>ily escape detection4 ,is x q correct to b9d ! t5drils ( ! v9e r\nd ! unpret5d+ jugs :i* are d$icat$ to ! pure fluid ( ! teetotal]1 or ^? t are *>g$ ) foam+ ale8 to def5d our butt] ) a belt ( hiss+ snakes1 or pass jets ( sweet wat] ?r\gh f\nta9s ( gigantic cockle-%ells & m>9e mon/]s8 ,& yet _m ( ^! ?+s we con/antly =give2 !n surely we might ext5d "s ( t m]cy1 if !y requir$ x1 to ! sea-we$s1 :i* we d n )hold f reptiles1 especially if x c be %[n t !y are available = m arti/ic purposes ?an = pretty picture-mak+ 9 albums & h]b>ia1 or = fancy baskets1 ) a hackney$ apologetic leg5d1 9 baza>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,ulva l9za4 ,x _c be expect$ t ! design] %\ld c>ry on ! labori\s rese>*es ( ! man ( sci5ce1 or make ! delicate sections :i* ! naturali/ f9ds necess>y = ! det]m9ation ( species & ! compreh5sion ( ! ph5om5a ( /ructure & vitality2 t he %\ld h "o eye = ! microscope1 & ! o!r = 8 p5cil2 nor t ! philosoph] %\ld h all ! accompli%m5ts ( ! arti/2 b z ! b\ndless univ]se is dep5d5t ^u ev]y?+ t exi/s = its unity & h>mony1 s art _c neglect ev5 natural sci5ces ) impunity1 =1 at lea/1 e bran* is capable ( add+ an expression or a *>m4 ,p>don1 !re=e1 ! simple belief t ev5 ! rudim5ts ( vegetable /ructure & ! section ( a sea-we$ or a plant are n unwor?y ( inspection = arti/ic purposes1 & t !y may sugge/1 if n actually exhibit1 exquisite comb9ations ( ma!matical figures :i* are n inappropriate decorative ornam5ts = mo/ v>i$ purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fucus nodosus4 ,along high-wat] m>k1 z high z ! spray b$ews ! rugg$ b$s ( /one1 gr[ ! gre5 conf]v2 )9 ! tidal zone is ! t]ritory ( ! olive fuci2 & ! deep is ! home ( ! r$ we$s1 sometimes to be f\nd at dead l[ wat]1 & ev5 high] on ! %ore1 9 l mann] z alg ( vivid gre5 are trac$ to dep?s ( ?irty1 =ty1 & ev5 fifty fa?oms2 = al?\gh ! rules hold g5]ally good1 !re are exceptions--z x is said !re mu/ be to all rules1 to prev5t _! becom+ axioms4 ,su*1 too1 ( olive1 r$1 & gre51 is ! artificial arrangem5t by :i* botani/s h classifi$ ! alg1 ! col\rs & *>act]s be+ suffici5tly associat$ & di/9ctive = ev5 sci5tific gr\p+4 ,hav+ glanc$ already at ! species ( l[e/ organization1 let u take "o o!r in/ance ( ! applicability ( sea-we$s z objects ( design4 ,a doz5 collect$ at r&om1 9 "o's walk f ! edge ( ! bea* to ! rim ( ! tide1 w\ld m ?an suffice = _m diff]5t applications & manufactures2 & ! v commone/ are equally valuable1 & (t5 bett] ?an ! r>e/4 ,take1 !n1 ! fir/ h&ful y c collect4 ,among ! ga!r+s ( su* a p>cel are sure to be f\nd "s v applicable =ms1 su* z ! ,ulva l9za1 repres5t$ at page #ajg2 ! ,fucus nodosus1 page #ajh2 ! ,fucus vesiculosus1 page #ajc2 ! ,fucus s]ratus1 "h giv52 ,halidrys siliquosa1 page #aaj2 ,dictyota di*otoma2 ,lam9>ia ,phyllitis2 ,l4 digitata2 ,l4 sac*>9a1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fucus s]ratus4 ,illu/ration3 ,halidrys siliquosa4 ,x is n 9 ! h]b>ium1 n 9 draw+s1 n :5 dri$ & %rivell$1 & black & contort$1 t we c see ! beauty ( sea-we$s2 su* are no m ?an ! ble>$ & )]$ mummies ( ,egyptian m5 to ! fre% vig\r ( y\?3 x is :ile free & wav+ 9 ! wat]s t we mu/ se>* = ! be/ elucidations ( _! habits & gracefulness4 ,ye>s ago ,ray wrote 9 8 e>ne/ & noble mann]3--8,let u !n consid] ! works ( ,god1 & obs]ve ! op]ations ( 8 h&s4 ,let u take notice (1 & admire1 8 inf9ite wisdom & goodness 9 ! =mation ( !m3 no creature 9 ?is sublun>y _w is capable ( s do+ besides man1 & yet we are defici5t h]e93 we cont5t ourselves ) ! k ( ! tongues1 or a little skill 9 philology1 or hi/ory p]haps1 & antiquity1 & neglect t :i* to me seems m mat]ial--,i mean natural hi/ory1 & ! works ( creation4 ,i d n discomm5d or d]ogate f ^? o!r /udies2 ,i %\ld betray m9e own ignorance & weakness %\ld ,i d s3 ,i only wi% t ?is might be br\ght into fa%ion among u4 ,i wi% m5 w\ld be s equal & civil z n to disp>age1 d]ide1 & villify ^? /udies :i* !mselves skill n (1 or are n conv]sant 92 no k c be m pleasant ?an ?is1 none t do? s satisfie & fe$ ! s\l1 9 comp>ison :]eto t ( words & phrases seem to me insipid & jejune40 ,h[ he w\ld h rejoic$ at ! popul> movem5t introduc$ by ,mr4 ,mit*ell at ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 & s9ce s p[]fully back$ up by o!r colossal viv>ia ( ! day2 ! aqu>ia at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 ,brighton1 ,ramsgate1 & o!r places2 & :at results w\ld he n h pr$ict$ :51 9 walk+ ?r\gh ! mammonta9t$ /reets ( our great metropolis1 he pass$ doz5s ( %ops = ! sale ( aqu>ia1 viv>ia1 glass j>s1 siphons1 prawns1 mussels1 anemones1 efts1 & /icklebacks6 ,all ^! & _m m liv+ ?+s _c be kept & n\ri%$1 wat*$ & f$1 )\t ! spread ( t k :i* is kn[n1 & ! acquirem5t ( a va/ deal t is new4 ,naturali/s w no long] be able to write books on ?+s !y h nev] se52 & ha/y jump+s to conclusions1 & closet speculations1 w be r>] z ! *ance ( detection becomes ! great]1 & ! _s 9 :i* all true m5 ( sci5ce d lab\r1 & ev] h done1 is ! m rightly appreciat$4 ,! ,m]ry ,mon>*'s little spaniel has its coll> ( r$ morocco1 ) its silv] plate1 & ! imprison$ song/] ( a w>m] clime is conf9$ 9 a pretty cage4 ,! love ( natural hi/ory is n ! *]i%$ ta/e ( ! poor--x is n b\nd$ by ! circumscrib$ limits ( ! middle ranks1 :o f9d 9 a glass j> ( liv+ objects f ! pond or sea a refre%+ pa/ime f ! heavy c>es ( daily bread1 & a cool+ relief f toil1 or ! fev]i% anxieties ( money-mak+2 b ! love ( natural hi/ory lives no less 9 high places & delicate m9ds1 ^: susceptibilities h be5 height5$ by e k9d ( culture1 gaze ) delight on ! glitt]+ arm\r ( ! scaly fi%1 & wat* ) int]e/ ! actions1 motions1 & habits ( ! ?\s& in/ructive objects to be collect$ at any "t 9 a s+le tide4 ,h[ *>m+ to give a little elegance to ! transp>5t homes to :i* we consign our new-made pets6 ,we no long] conf9e ourselves to *eap glass & z9c f\nta9s4 ,:ite m>ble & bronze h br\ght our fav\rites into ! b\doir & ! draw+-room4 ,look at ! fe/oons ( fuci on ! rugg$ rocks3 h n worse ?+s be5 *isell$ & ca/8 & at t tall bundle ( crisp ,lam9>ia ,phyllitis1 z x /&s erect 9 ! transp>5t wat]4 ,h[ *>m+ly a cry/al vase w\ld re/ ^u its slightly div]g+ cre/s1 l ! abacus on ! leaves ( a ,cor9?ian pill>6 h[ delicate ! slight frill+s ( ! m>g9s ( its transluc5t fronds6 ,v>i\s o!r applications are at once sugge/$ by ! little gr\p we h figur$2 su* are m\ld+s1 bead+s1 trac]y1 & cornices1 & = ! sculpture ( mahogany & o!r d>k woods2 & 9 our progress ?r\gh ! m elaborate =ms ( sea-we$s we %all f9d v mu* to admire z elegant1 & z applicable to manufactures & to ! ornam5tation ( v>i\s objects--(t5 ( opposite purposes4 ,,ii4 ,z "o com+ 9 a /range l& = ! fir/ "t1 on a junction ( _m roads1 f9ds himself bewild]$1 & hesitat+ 9 8 *oice :i* to take1 be+ ignorant :i* leads to ! faire/ places1 & n kn[+ :at beauties he may miss by select+ ! "o or ! o!r1 s 9 display+ ! attractions ( sea-we$s = arti/ic purposes--a field :]e s little has be5 attempt$--x is n easy to decide1 :]e s _m c\rses appe> to be op54 ,x is n ! difficulty ( a beg9n+1 = ! />t has be5 made2 nor ( ! end1 = a precipitate retreat has happ5$ to m ?an "o illu/ri\s "*2 & if ^! pages c\ld prove z ent]ta9+ z ! immortal ,sam's val5t9e1 ev5 8a sudd5 pull up0 might only make ! read] 8wi% !re 0 m40 ,b ! difficulty is 9 adopt+ t ord] ( n>ration :i* %all be mo/ attractive 9 secur+ = ! neglect$ sea-we$s _! due me$ ( recognition & rew>d4 ,9 ! =m] *apt] are figur$ "s ( ^? preval5t species :i* no "o c\ld fail to f9d 9 a walk along ! %ore3 9 ?is1 :i* is devot$ to ! olive we$s or true fuci1 ! illu/rations are drawn *iefly f among o!rs ( ^? common =ms :i* are accessible to ev]ybody1 ab\t :i* !re are no consid]ations ( r>ity1 pa9s1 or price1 & :i* inde$ are always to be _h = ! tr\ble ( pick+ !m up4 ,^! ,melanosp]ms are *>act]iz$ by naturali/s z plants ( an olive gre5 or br[n col\r1 & z be+ 9 _! fructification ei!r monci\s or dici\s1 t is1 hav+ ! di/9ctive organs on ! same or on diff]5t plants4 ,!y are propagat$ by spores1 ei!r develop$ ext]nally1 or s+ly1 or 9 gr\ps 9 prop] conceptacles1 ea* spore be+ envelop$ 9 a pellucid sk9 call$ a p]ispore1 & be+ 9 "s cases simple1 & 9 o!rs ultimately divid+ into two1 f\r1 or eight sporules4 ,an!ridia--a t]m admitt$ z indicative only1 & by c\rtesy 9 ! case ( alg1 ! actual propriety ( ! t]m be+ /ill conte/$--appe> 9 "s2 9 o!rs are transp>5t cells fill$ ) orange-col\r$ vivaci\s corpuscles1 possess$ ( free motion by means ( vibratile cilia4 ,! :ole gr\p is m>9e4 ,if any take objection to ! ^w 8plants10 ! botani/ w tell !m t alg h a d\ble respiration1 l _! high] si/]s ( ! l&1--t by day !y absorb c>bonic-acid gas1 & give out ! life-support+ oxyg51 & t 9 ! sil5t h\rs ( ! night !y rev]se ! process1 & emit c>bonic-acid gas4 ,to po9t out _! relations & concordances ) t]re/rial vegetation is1 h[ev]1 a v easy task2 b n s is x to draw ! l9e betwe5 animality & vegetation4 ,"s au?ors1 inde$1 & ^? n despicable ones1 h gone s f> z to ass]t t ! g]ms ( "s sea-we$s1 9 _! fir/ condition1 are actually end[$ ) life4 ,be ?is z x may1 no l9e has yet be5 drawn :i* sep>ates ei!r di/9ctly or decisively ! animal f ! plant2 &1 z ,dr4 ,l9dley truly obs]ves1 8:atev] errors ( obs]vation may h occurr$1 ^? v errors1 to say no?+ ( ! true ones1 %[ ! extreme difficulty1 n to say impossibility1 ( po9t+ out ! exact fronti] ( ei!r k+dom40 ,we comm5ce our pres5t division--& %all foll[ ! l c\rse ) ! o!rs--) its high] =ms1 &1 proce$+ 9 desc5d+ ord]1 %all 9 ea* conclude ) ^? humble rudim5t>y =ms 9 :i* ! rigid divisions ( classification are oblit]at$1 & ! only diff]5ces :i* c be assign$ are1 at be/1 b little m ?an arbitr>y4 ,to me h[ welcome & h[ de> are ! olive algals ( ! rocky %ores6 ,born )9 s\nd ( ! surg+ waves1 = ev] s++ 8_! unrhym$ lyric lays0--f infancy to manhood liv+ on ! m>g9 ( ! br9y deep--h[ fre% & de> to me ^! mu*-neglect$ ?+s6 8,:at pleasant visions haunt me0 ( *ildi% hopes & fe>s2 & z aga9 ,i seem to 8,gaze ^u ! sea1 ,all ! old romantic leg5ds1 ,all my dreams come back to me40 ,& 9 ,fancy's realms my droop+ ?\ghts pass on to ^? homeless w&]]s ov] ! face ( ! e>?1 = :om nev] m ! sc5es ( _! fir/ homes w we> a *>m--:o1 torn f all famili> ties1 & toss$ & buffet$ on ! sea ( life1 may p]i% unreg>d$ 9 "s f>-di/ant l&4 ,! surg+ cre/s ( ! great ocean's waves (t ca/1 to m\ld] on our %ores1 ! we$s & plants ( o!r climes4 ,we h figur$ "o ( ^! fragm5ts1 :i*1 aft] its long & boi/]\s w&]+s f ! ,azores to ! ea/]n %ores ( ! new _w1 across ! wide ,atlantic to our own boreal coa/s ( ! old1 has lo/ b little ( its beauty4 ,9 ! days ( old adv5ture ! matt$ cords ( ?is *>m+ species /opp$ ! fam\s ,spani>d's %ips2 & /ill ! long & n>r[ float+ isles ( ,gulf-we$s--%unn$ by ! sailor--are ! re/+-places ( myriads ( crabs1 & o!r ho/s ( ocean's prog5ies hide & ne/le 9 its wat]y b[]s4 ,b *>m+ z ! ,s>gassum baccif]um is 9 its gracefulness1 & attractive z x may be 9 its hi/oric associations1 naturali/s w\ld n1 ( c\rse1 admit ei!r itself or its cong5]1 ! ,s>gassum vulg>e1 z a truly ,briti% k9d1 b w\ld prop]ly reg>d !m z /ray waifs f tropical climes4 ,! g5]ic "n is a ,lat9isation ( ! t]m s>gazo1 giv5 to ! ,gulf-we$s by ! companions ( ,columbus1 & w = ev] pres]ve ! memory ( its fir/ discov]]2 :ile ! anci5t specific additam5tum ( natans1 or swimm+1 0 highly *>act]i/ic ( ! habits ( ! species4 ,next 9 ! ranks1 & =emo/ ( ! really ,briti% we$s1 /&s ! common1 b elegant1 ,halidrys siliquosa1 already figur$ at page #aaj1 di/+ui%$ f all o!r fuci by ! comp\nd /ructure ( its air-vessels--a "* peculi> to x1 & to ! beautiful ,fucus osmundaceus1 ( ! we/]n %ores ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,9 ! la/ ! /ructure is slightly diff]5t1 ! vesicles be+ con/rict$ at ! jo9ts l /r+s ( beads4 ,! air-vessels ( ! ,halidrys siliquosa are ^? pea-pod-l expansions ( ! frond1 divid$ into *amb]s1 :i* seem almo/ to take ! place ( leaves 9 ! engrav+ 7p4 #aaj74 ,illu/ration3 ,s>gassum baccif]um1 or ,gulf-we$4 ,int]m$iate betwe5 ,halidrys & ! true fuci is plac$ ! g5us ,cy/oceira4 ,"o ( ! mo/ elegant ( ?is *>m+ g5us is ! hea?-l species1 ,cy/oceira ericoides4 ,on ! %ores ( ! s\? ( ,engl& especially1 & ov] a v consid]able geographical range1 ext5d+ ev5 to ! nor? ( ,africa1 x may be ga!r$ at almo/ any p]iod ( ! summ] or autumn4 ,"u ! wat] x gl[s ) prismatic col\rs1 & z ea* twig waves to & fro1 ! hues v>y z ! light glances on its fronds2 & :ile "s 8seem cov]$ ) sky-blue fl[]s1 o!rs rema9 d>k40 ,9 ! air x pres5ts only a glossy yell[1 & 9 ! h]b>ium all its en*ant+ beauties ( col\r are gone1 & unless v great pa9s & skill h be5 ex]cis$ 9 ! manipulation1 x w h %runk 9 dry+1 & turn$ black4 ,illu/ration3 ,magnifi$ ,view ( ,receptacle & ,vesicle at ,apex ( ,bran* ( ,cy/oceira ericoides4 ,9 pass+1 x w be z well to ga!r specim5s ( ! r /iff & cyl9drical ,pycnophycus tub]culatus1 /&+ alone z x does sui g5]is4 ,( ! true fuci1 at page #ajh is already figur$ ! knott$ "o1 ( :i* ,scot* boys make :i/les 7,fucus nodosus71 & t ) ! saw-l edges 7,fucus s]ratus71 p4 #aji2 b ! ord9>y bladd]-be>+ sort1 ! ,fucus vesiculosus1 & ! m transluc5t & bladd]less or smoo? k9d1 ! ,fucus c]anoides1 & inde$ ! :ole g5us1 ?\gh common 9 ! extreme1 h high claims to ! att5tion ( design]s1 n alone 9 ! elegance ( _! outl9es & ! disposition ( _! fronds1 b z be+ ! v types & models ( sea-we$s4 ,! ,fucus vesiculosus 0 at "o "t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,orkney ,isles1 regul>ly cropp$ = ! manufacture ( kelp1 & x is also kn[n to conta9 a valuable portion ( ! sweet pr9ciple call$ mannite4 ,9 ! cold & inhospitable regions ( ! pol> l&s1 :]e ! ?ick sn[ has buri$ ! scanty h]bage ( ! fields1 ! rocks furni% 9 _! mead[s ( fuci abundant fodd] = ! hungry k9e1 :i* regul>ly1 at ! retreat ( ! tide1 come d[n to graze2 & if ^! pages 7 n devot$ to o!r arts ?an ! cul9>y1 "o might n un5t]ta9+ly give a disquisition on edible sea-we$s1 & on ! v>i\s means by :i* !y are made subs]vi5t to ! luxuries or necessities ( man4 ,! ,icel&]s1 ,gre5l&]s1 ! ,*9ese1 & ! ,ea/ ,indians h already made "s progress 9 ?is dep>tm5t2 & ne>] home1 ! ,*ondrus crispus1 8c>rage510 or ,iri% moss1 figur$ at page #abj1 has long ago be5 plac$ on ! table1 9 s\p1 jellies1 & blanc-manges4 ,or1 if ! natural hi/ory ( ! class 7 ! object1 "o might ) equal pleasure dwell on ! m>vell\s exhibition ( ! /range animal-l motions ( ! troops ( zoospores :i* issue f ! ?ick yell[ slime exud$ f ! ripe receptacles ( ! ,fucus s]ratus--motions app>5tly s volunt>y t x is difficult to consid] !m z concordant ) m]e vegetation4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ondrus crispus4 ,i h already h9t$ at ! capabilities ( ^! we$s z sugge/ive models = ! c>v] 9 wood4 ,n[ few mod]n /ructures are fitt$ up ) m elegance ?an our fir/-class %ips1 & 9 !m no "o w cont5d !re is n a great & appropriate field = ! display ( ! ornam5tal or decorative capabilities ( sea-we$s4 ,"h !y are at once appropriate & rem9isc5t ( ^? %ores ! voyag]s h left beh9d--speak+ to !m1 :il/ glid+ ov] ! sea1 ( ^? l&s :5ce !y _h dep>t$1 & ( ^? o!r l&s :i* !y are seek+4 ,ar\nd & b5ea? figure-heads1 z scrolls ^u ! b[s or /]n1 bord]+ ! panels ( ! cab91 & modell$ to suit ! v>i\s ma*9]y on deck1 ! design] might create a m>9e ornam5tation z *>act]i/ic & z pleas+1 & z elaborate1 if he *ose1 z ,cor9?ian skill develop$ f ! tile-cov]$ plant = ! ar*itecture ( ! l&4 ,9 bronze or 9 iron1 inde$ 9 all d>k metal-"w1 ! fuci c\ld n fail to be elegant objects1 & ri* 9 _! gr\p+ & 9 ! effects produc$4 ,9 _m ( ^? objects1 too1 :i* ! gild] prep>es1 ! cockle-%ells1 or cockle-l scrolls & cups s prom95tly display$ might be z elegantly & m appropriately support$ by well-devis$ gr\ps ( alg ?an by lilies1 fleurs-de-lys1 or trac]ies ( mean+less design4 ,"o v pretty dim9utive species ( ,fucus 7,f4 canaliculatus7 gr[s on ! v edge ( ! tide1 & (t5 :]e ! waves wet ! rocks only ) _! spray4 ,! *ief crop gr[s c]ta9ly above ! level ( half-tide1 & ^! plants %[ a pref]5ce = dr\ghty situations2 n unfrequ5tly 9 ! hot days ( ! summ] we f9d !m q crisp & dry1 b on ! return ( ! tide !y aga9 absorb ! aque\s fluid1 & recov] life & flexibility4 ,s sea-we$s :i* h long be5 %rivell$ up 9 ! h\se w recov] 9 appe>ance all _! fre%ness & v]dancy on be+ m]ely imm]s$ 9 a glass ( salt or spr+ wat]2 & ! virtues ( ! =m] are n[ br\ght f ! sea into our homes 9 ! =m ( ,tidman's ,cry/als4 ,i make ?is allusion because x is important t ! arti/1 liv+ p]haps 9 "s inl& t[n or city1 %\ld "k t ! natural models he may br+ f ! seaside on 8 holiday trip may be 9 reality1 ?\gh n app>5tly1 usefully reta9$ = future /udies4 ,_m ( ! m lea!ry k9ds w submit to sev]al resuscitations ( ?is nature1 al?\gh1 z might be expect$1 a det]ioration & loss ( col\r1 m or less1 take place 9 ea* successive in/ance4 ,! ord9>y me?od ( pres]v+ sea-we$s = natural-hi/ory purposes is1 z is famili>ly kn[n1 to press !m betwe5 folds ( l95 & blott+-pap] on to /\t draw+-pap]1 to :i* by _! glut9\s sub/ance !y firmly adh]e1 =m+1 "u ! skilfulness ( ! manipulator1 ! mo/ exquisite natural pictures4 ,9 all ^!1 h[ev]1 ! v act ( compression1 & ! spread+ out ( ! object on a flat surface1 gives an unnatural aspect1 v diff]5t f _! free condition4 ,x may be well1 !re=e1 to /ate t 9 "s few exp]im5ts ,i h made ,i h f\nd t pure glyc]9e w pres]ve ev5 ! m pulpy & plump sorts--if ,i may use t expressive adjective--)\t ev5 ! slighte/ *ange = at lea/ consid]able p]iods4 ,"s ( my specim5s h be5 kept 9 glyc]9e = m ?an eight mon?s1 & are z fre% 9 sub/ance & 9 col\r z :5 !y 7 fir/ collect$4 ,*oice samples seem ?us capable ( be+ indef9itely pres]v$ 9 prop] glass or e>!n vessels = use at any "t by ! design]4 ,9 a visit to ! art-museums at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,i obs]v$ two in/ances ( ! introduction ( sea-we$3 "o 9 ,mr4 ,h4 ,weekes's noble /atue ( a 8,"y ,naturali/10 :]e1 ?\gh sp>+ly made use (1 !y c b be reg>d$ z successful innovations2 ! o!r 9 ! collection ( imitation ,majolica w>e1 :]e a l>ge vase has 9 relief "s fronds ( ! ,fucus s]ratus1 :i*1 f _! unnaturally bright gre5 & ! want ( /rict att5tion to ! natural model1 are n s attractive z c\ld h be5 desir$4 ,t sea-we$s1 bo? pa9t$ or impress$ ^u *9a & e>!nw>e1 are capable ( produc+ f9e results1 c sc>cely be d\bt$2 & al?\gh x _c be writt5 ( me1 z x 0 ( an em95t /atesman1-- 8,*9a's ! passion ( 8 s\l-- ,a cup1 a plate1 a di%1 a b[l1 ,c k9dle wi%es 9 8 brea/1 ,inflame ) joy1 or break 8 re/10-- ,i %all n will+ly give up ! pott]'s art z intractable to my purpose4 ,! g5us ,desm>e/ia1 :i* foll[s ! fuci 9 natural ord]1 (f]s "s neat patt]ns = ! pa9t+ ( pott]y & *9a w>e1 especially 9 ! long oval fronds ( ! ,desm>e/ia ligulata1 a microscopic section ( :i* is giv5 at page #ajc4 ,its bran*+ fronds1 s leaf-l 9 _! developm5t1 & yet s unleaf-l 9 reality1 tempt$ me to figure a s+le bran* ( "o ( ^! plants1 z an example ( its peculi> *>act]s1 :i*1 9 _! pale olive-gre5 & purple hues1 c\ld sc>cely fail ( %[+ to advantage on ! :ite transluc5t gr\nd ( alum9\s mat]ials4 ,we h plates ( a p>ticul>ly small size d$icat$ to ! curdl$ produce ( ! dairy--9 pla9 ,engli%1 we h ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( ,desm>e/ia ligulata4 *eese-plates1 we h s\p-ture5s & vegetable-di%es1 meat-plates & dess]t-plates2 & :y might we n h articles appropriat$ to ! s]vice ( fi%1 & decorat$ ) sea-we$s8 ,i h frequ5tly se51 9 dry+ ^! objects1 _! =ms impress$ ?r\gh ! ?ick blott+-pap]1 & =m+ v beautiful trac]y 9 l[ relief on ! opposite side4 ,su* impressions h always sugge/$ ! idea ( a simil>ly simple1 *a/e1 & elegant ornam5tation ( ! pla9] & common] w>es4 ,! impressions left by ! ,*ondrus crispus1 ,dictyota di*otoma1 & o!r flat & int]lac+ =ms1 are mo/ admirable = su* a process4 ,simple accid5ts may (t5 lead to unexpect$ results2 & ,grecian leg5ds ev5 attribute ! discov]y ( modell+ 9 relief to ! trac+ ^u ! wall1 by a pott]'s daught]1 ( ! %ad[ ( h] dep>t+ lov]'s face1 :i* h] fa!r modell$ aft]w>ds 9 clay4 ,illu/ration3 ,root ( ,lam9>ia4 ,pass+ by ! g5]a ,ar?rocladia1 ,sporo*nus1 & ,c>pomitra1 :i* all1 9 a great] or less] degree1 (f] pleas+ runn+ patt]ns = ! pa9t+ ( porcela9 or e>!nw>e1 & ( flat surfaces 9 g5]al1 we come to ! noble family ( ! ,lam9>i1 s well & ord9>ily kn[n "u ! names ( sea-girdles & tangle4 ,! size & expanse ( ! fronds ( ! v>i\s species ( ,lam9>i expos$1 9 ! bleak & unprotect$ situations 9 :i* !y gr[1 to ! full fury ( ! waves1 are provid$ = 9 _! lea!ry t\ghness1 ! rope-l /em1 & ! num]\s atta*+ discs ( _! bran*+ roots4 ,! root ( ! sea-we$ diff]s v mat]ially f ! root ( a plant3 ?r\gh x no nutriti\s su/5ance is convey$ to ! algal2 x draws no?+ f ! soil2 x is furni%$ ) no organs2 x is m]ely an adhesive holdfa/1 simil> 9 pr9ciple to ! suck] by :i* /reet-boys lift bricks & /ones2 x s5ds d[n no ramify+ fibres into crevices ( ! rocks1 b m]ely adh]es to ! surface4 ,h[ f> _! peculi> *>act]s c\ld be elegantly made use ( = ! h&les ( vases1 cov]s1 lids1 & o!r objects & p>ts ( articles :i* require to be lift$ or rais$1 mu/ rema9 to be develop$ by ! practical design] & manufactur]4 ,! mussels & %ell-fi% :i* atta* !mselves to ! firm rootlets ( ! tangle1 or :i* sp9 toge!r or ne/le 9 ! me&]+ fronds ( ! small] k9ds1 (t5 produce gr\p+s wor?y ( mu* admiration1 & :i* w\ld =m mat]ial aids 9 ! elaboration ( practical patt]ns4 ,z !re is mu* difficulty 9 express+ 9 a greatly r$uc$ draw+ a long & n>r[ =m l t ( ! common tangle1 ,i h cont5t$ myself ) giv+ a figure ( "o ( ! roots1 to %[ h[ applicable !y are = art-purposes4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican & ,kamts*atkan species--! ,lam9>ia longicrucis--has a frond z l>ge z a table-clo?1 & a /em ( proportionate l5g?4 ,! ,engli% species atta9 v frequ5tly to six or eight feet1 al?\gh 9 _! native habitats !y may be ga!r$ ( e size1 & 9 e /age ( gr[?2 & to r$uce su* giants to ! scale ( a few in*es w\ld give no idea ( _! gr&eur or beauty4 ,( ^? imm5sely long & sl5d] sea-we$s1 plac$ by algologi/s 9 a di/9ct g5us1 ) ! expressive "n ( ,*orda1 little use1 ,i ?9k1 c be made 9 ! way ( design4 ,! m]e collector has to w9d !m assidu\sly into a coil 9 8 h]b>ium2 & 9 _! native elem5t ! only purpose !y seem to s]ve is to /op ! passage ( boats1 or to dr[n un=tunate swimm]s by entanglem5t ab\t _! legs2 =1 al?\gh (t5 ?irty or =ty feet 9 l5g? ev5 on ,briti% %ores1 & n ?ick] at _! base ?an a :ipcord1 !y are extremely t\gh & t5aci\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,dictyota atom>ia4 ,! case is v diff]5t ) ! beautiful ,dictyotacc1 9 :i* family is includ$ ! spl5did ,pad9a pavonia1 ) hues ne>ly z bright & z ri* z ! 8eye-spots0 on ! tail ( ! glori\s bird f :i* its specific "n is tak54 ,su* a m>9e beauty 0 n likely to escape ! att5tion ( ev5 e>ly naturali/s1 & we accord+ly f9d x m5tion$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,bau*9 & o!rs4 ,ellis1 al?\gh he has no bus9ess ) x1 _c resi/ ! temptation to figure x 9 8 fam\s book on ,corall9es4 ,9 ! g5us ,cutl]ia we are pres5t$ ) "s attractive novelties1 b ! typical g5us ,dictyota m]its special att5tion4 ,if ! numb] & v>iety ( names by :i* an algal 0 kn[n _h any connection ) its *>ms or its r>ity1 "o ,illu/ration3 ,/ilophora rhizodes4 ,illu/ration3 ,section ( a ,sorus ( ,/ilophora rhizodes4 memb] at lea/ ( ! *>act]i/ic gr\p1 ! ,dictyota atom>ia ought to be--z x really is--bo? r>e & beautiful4 ,! anci5t nom5 triviale ( ,phasiana expresses well1 9 its allusion to ! plumage ( t h&some bird1 ! b>r$ & zigzag m>k+s caus$ by ! scatt]+ 9 ! sub/ance ( ! frond--almo/ z "o w\ld ca/ gra9s ( s& or se$s by ! h&--( ! d>k-col\r$ spores or g]ms4 ,! :ole plant1 too1 exhibits ^? mo/ delicate gradations ( ! primitive hue :i* are n ! lea/ rem>kable *>act]i/ic ( all sea-we$s4 ,& 9 :at are our design]s m defici5t--especially ^? employ$ 9 ! decoration ( our h\ses--?an 9 simple & delicate contra/s1 or m especially 9 ^? almo/ ins5sible gradations ( col\rs :i* are s admirable 9 _! effect1 & :i* are s inv>iably pres5t$ to u alike 9 ! sombre olive & 9 ! bright gre5s & r$s ( ! sea-we$s8 ,we h no p[] to express ^! natural gradations 9 our woodcuts1 b !re is c]ta9ly mu* 9 ?is way wor?y ( pati5t /udy4 ,9 ?is l>ge & ext5sive family !re are yet m in/ances ( h[ v>i\s sections & magnific5t portions may possess arti/ic value4 ,! section ( a sorus ( ,/ilophora rhizodes seems1 = example1 s l ! repres5tation ( a fragm5t ( jewell]y1 t x _c fail to excite wond] t a s\rce s prolific %\ld h be5 neglect$ by our work]s 9 gold & silv]1 & our sett]s ( pe>ls & preci\s /ones4 ,! ,mesogloia v]micul>is1 "o ( ! gelat9\s ,*ord>iace1 is an ugly we$1 b ! filam5ts ( ! fronds are wor?y1 not)/&+1 ( be+ plac$ "u ! p[] ( ! microscope & view$ by an arti/4 ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( ,filam5ts1 ,axial & ,p]iph]ical1 ( ,mesogloia v]micul>is4 ,s1 too1 ) ! holl[ cottony ,lea!sia1 look+ l a mac]at$ walnut tuft+ ! surface ( ! rock3 only pe] into x ) microscopic vision1 & a =e/ ( cry/al fibres1 compos$ ( divid$ cells1 ! l[] ones long & sl5d]1 ! upp] %ort]1 & support+ little hyal9e half-moons on _! cusps1 spr+s into exi/5ce4 ,! t9y tufts ( ! ,ela*i/a & ,myrionema ab\nd 9 bead-*a9 fibres1 :ile ! g5]a ,clado/ephus & ,sphacel>ia (f] m visible patt]ns ( a k9d at once unleaf-l & novel4 ,! ,sphacel>ia plumosa1 s wiry & fea!ry1 resembles ^? curi\s memb]s ( ! animal k+dom1 ! ,s]tul>i1 z :i* x is almo/ z rigid & z elegant2 :ile ! small tufts ( ! r>e ,sphacel>ia ramosa are aga9 *>m+ microscopic objects4 ,! family ,ectoc>pace conta9s a fund ( m>vell\s ideas4 ,"o m g5us ( ,briti% olive we$s alone rema9s to be m5tion$1 consi/+ ( two little p>asitic species n uncommon on ! fronds ( ,*orda lom5t>ia2 b ?\gh curi\s & s+ul> 9 con/ruction1 !y (f] no?+ s tempt+ z _m ( ^? we h be5 compell$ to pass ov] 9 sil5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,clado/ephus v]ticillatus4 ,portion ( a bran*4 ,"o ( ! ramuli4 ,= ! purpose ( /udy1 ! ,melanosp]ms (f] a nev]-fail+ supply1 always accessible at l[ wat]2 b %\ld opportunity arise ( acquir+ a k ( ! ,rhodosp]ms1 ) _! fairy =ms & brilliant hues1 x %\ld n be neglect$1 = ^! deep-wat] algals seldom rea* u b 9 brok5 plants wa%$ a%ore2 & dri$ specim5s1 flatt5$ & fad$1 cease to be models = /udy4 ,z to ! ,*lorosp]ms1 ! ,ulv are full ( grace & beauty1 & 9 ! s\? ( ,engl& !y are s]v$ at table z a reli% to roa/ meat1 "u ! title ( lav]1 & :i* is n[ sold 9 _m ,london %ops4 ,! ,ulva l9za1 figur$ at p4 #ajg1 is a good type ( ! graceful outl9e ( ?is elegant family ( sea-we$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( ,sphacel>ia plumosa4 ,(t b5ea? ! w>m & brilliant rays ( summ]'s sun1 9 %all[ skiff1 ,i h glid$ on ! calm & poli%$ surface ( ! sea--! mirror ( ! gl[+ sky & heav5s beyond--ov] ! d>k =e/s ( tangle wav+ 9 ! tide1 & pluck$ ! pellucid limpets br[s+ on _! /ems2 &1 pe]+ d[n into ! rugg$ dells bel[1 h se5 ! />-fi% crawl ) suck]-arms along ! rocks1 :]e :elks drill holes 9 %ells ( /one-clad molluscs1 to fe$ ^u _! s(t & lusci\s fle%2 :]e sea-anemones1 ) outspread t5tacles1 make g>d5s ( liv+ fl[]s2 & awkw>d crabs peep out f d>ksome nooks at glitt]+ fi%1 !n scramble sidelong back aga9 into _! holes4 ,9 w9t]1 by ! rag+ waves--:5 skat]s swift o'er slipp]y ice ) rapid pace 7 glid+2 :5 e>s 7 t+l+ ) ! bit+ cold1 & t5d] p roa/+ ov] blaz+ fires--,i h pac$ along ! congeal$ s&s to see ! %ell-fi% froz5 h>d & fa/1 glu$ to ! rocks2 & sea-we$s1 crisp & rigid1 recov] life & ela/icity 9 ! fl[+ tide4 ,9 "t ( spr+ ,i h hunt$ ov] ! slipp]y mead[s ( our %ores = ! in/9ct-l$ travell]s f ! deep1 com+ to ! %all[ tidal zone to propagate _! tribes4 ,& 9 ! gold5 season ,i h wat*$ ! sportive play1 9 rocky pools o'er%ad[$ by ^! graceful we$s1 ( iridesc5t annelide & cilia-paddl$ b]oe--h track$ ! skipp+ %rimps along ! silv]y s&s1 or h pati5tly foll[$ ! ,patella vulg>is 9 its solemn m>* to graze ^u ! v]dant ulv1 & aga9 return+ at ! *ange ( tide to adju/ its conical h\se ) /ately nicety on its prop] site4 ,,iii4 ,,on ,,! ,,cry/als ,,( ,,sn[ ,,z ,,appli$ ,,to ,,! ,,purposes ,,( ,,design4 ,,by ,,james ,,glai%]1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,i4 ,sn[1 9 ! ord9>y acceptation ( ! ^w1 is sugge/ive ( a s(t floccul5t matt] ( consid]able opacity1 fall+ 9 flakes1 &1 z comp>$ ) wat]1 ( little d5sity--a foot ( fre%-fall5 sn[ produc+ b f a t5? to a twelf? "p ( wat]4 ,sn[1 h[ev]1 does n always fall 9 flakes2 "u c]ta9 conditions ( atmosph]e & temp]ature x occasionally falls 9 gr\ps ( sl5d] ne$le-l p>ticles or spicul1 :i* "u ! microscope exhibit no /ructural detail wor?y ( rem>k1 b are irregul> & jagg$ 9 outl9e4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ imp]fect =ms ( sn[ cry/allization1 & occurs g5]ally at a temp]ature b little above freez+1 & at ! comm5cem5t ( a sev]e & cont9u$ fro/1 or imm$iately prec$+ a g5]al ?aw4 ,at o!r times a light fea!ry sn[ may be se5 to fall1 compos$ almo/ entirely ( />s ( six spicul or radii1 unit$ 9 ! c5tre by a :ite molecule4 ,^! are seldom less ?an f f\r to five t5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & are g5]ally collect$ 9 tufts ( half-a-doz5 or m toge!r1 :i* 9 calm wea!r waft un9jur$ to ! gr\nd4 ,sometimes ^! are mix$ ) o!r />s ( m intricate figure1 to be spok5 ( pres5tly4 ,fig4 #a illu/rates ?is v>iety1 & is enl>g$ to d\ble ! proportions ( ! orig9al4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,sometimes a heavy fall ( ord9>y sn[ may be accompani$ by a numb] ( m9ute specks1 gli/5+ among ! flakes l fragm5ts ( talc or mica1 z se5 sp>kl+ 9 a mass ( granite4 ,on c>eful inve/igation ^! prove to be ?9 lam9at$ hexagons ( ! mo/ p]fect delicacy & symmetry ( =m1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,! hexagon & /> be+ ! base ( all ! cry/als ( sn[ yet obs]v$1 we w proce$ to %[ h[ ! m elaborate figures are comp\nd$ ( ^! two prim>y elem5ts4 ,to expla9 v>i\s peculi>ities ( /ructure :i* occur 9 sev]al ( ! l>g] draw+s1 we w ref] to ! process ( cry/allization z c>ri$ on at l[ temp]atures on ! surface ( /ill or g5tly-mov+ wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,wat] freezes at an angle ( #fj4 ,on its fir/ congelation1 "u fav\rable circum/ances = obs]vation1 we p]ceive 9 p>ts1 g5]ally ab\t ! c5tre & ar\nd ! m>g91 a corrugation ( its surface4 ,?is corrugation pres5tly discov]s a s]ies ( di/9ct figures1 ne$le-l 9 =m1 & analog\s to ! spicul ( sn[4 ,z ! process cont9ues1 to ea* ( ^! ne$les1 :ile yet =m+1 a s]rat$ incru/ation ( leafy or arboresc5t "* is atta*+ itself1 s t 9 "t ! great] numb] ( !m become ea* ! c5tre ( a cry/all9e p9na1 n unlike a frond ( ! lady f]n4 ,fig4 #be 7page #adj7 is a sket* ( "o1 ! size ( ! orig9al1 z obs]v$ by ,t4 ,g4 ,ryl&s1 ,esq41 ( ,w>r+ton1 & s5t to u dur+ ! sev]e w9t] ( #ahee4 ,! ov]lapp+ obs]vable on "o side ( ! p9na is a peculi>ity g5]ally to be f\nd 9 ?ree out ( ! six leaves =m+ ! entire cry/al4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,fig4 #bf 7page #ada7 repres5ts ! cry/al :5 complete2 ! draw+ 0 made by ourselves1 & gives ) great exactitude ! figure ( ! ne$les1 :i*1 x w be obs]v$1 div]ge f ! ma9 /em uni=mly at an angle ( #fj4 ,! position ma9ta9$ by !m ar\nd ! c5tre ( ! cry/al is beautifully adaptive1 & well wor? exam9ation4 ,x is n always t ! primitive spicul are div]g5t 9 gr\ps ( six4 ,at times !y arrange !mselves irregul>ly 9 clu/]s1 & cry/allization proce$s ) results ( a "* ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 some:at diff]5t1 b sc>cely less beautiful1 ( :i* ,fig4 #bg 7page #adb7 may be consid]$ a type4 ,?is is analog\s to ! fanciful =ms ( fro/ se5 on ! int]ior ( a pane ( glass1 & is frequ5tly to be f\nd :]e ! wat] is v %all[1 & :]e its mixture ) "s gritty sub/ance1 or blade ( grass1 or o!r ob/ruction1 has 9 all probability int]f]$ ) a m geometric arrangem5t4 ,by degrees ! :ole surface ( ! wat] becomes int]lac$ ) ne$les & p9n1 :e!r s+ly or 9 gr\ps1 & ?9 lam9at$ surfaces ( ice :i* cov] all int]/ices4 ,!n1 accord+ to ext]nal influ5ces1 ! ice ei!r ?ick5s1 oblit]at+ all ?is beautiful trac]y1 or x melts away be=e ! ris+ temp]ature ( ! day4 ,x (t5 happ5s1 h[ev]1 t ^! processes occur aft] d>k1 or t ! wat] freezes s rapidly z to disappo9t ! wi%es ( ! obs]v]4 ,at mod]ate temp]atures ^! *anges are be/ obs]v$2 b1 9 our op9ion1 !y are some:at dep5d5t on o!r atmosph]ic conditions4 ,! =mation ( ! ne$les is common to ! freez+ ( wat] "u all circum/ances1 & !y v>y f a few in*es to a few feet 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,to return to ! cry/als ( sn[4 ,fig4 #c 7page #acf7 is ano!r elem5t>y figure1 common to temp]atures ab\t ! freez+-po9t2 x is n (t5 less ?an half an in* 9 diamet]1 & is a m9iature copy ( ! wat] cry/al4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,ano!r simple ord] ( figures1 & conta9+ )9 !mselves ! g]m ( ! mo/ symmetrical comb9ations1 is t ( :i* ,figs4 #d & #e 7page #acf7 are types2 !y exhibit second>y spicul div]g+ f ! pr9cipal radii at an angle ( #fj4 ,ar\nd ! simple x frequ5tly happ5s t a second>y & small] /> is arrang$1 z 9 ,fig4 #f 7page #acf71 ! radii ( :i* are int]m$iate betwe5 ^? ( ! =m]4 ,an angle ( #cj is1 h[ev]1 ( unfrequ5t occurr5ce1 & x seems probable t 9 ?is & simil> cases x is ! union ( two cry/als ( di/9ct hexagonal =mation4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,sometimes x happ5s t ! second>y spicul1 :i* we see 9 ,figs4 #d & #e1 are cont9u$ d[n ! ma9 radii until !y =m a contact ) ea* o!r1 z 9 ,fig4 #g 7page #acg74 ,! /> ?us enclos$ ab\t ! c5tre g5]ally becomes lam9at$ & ( great transp>5cy4 ,9 o!r v>ieties1 z 9 ,fig4 #h 7page #acg71 x is int]sect$ by ! rays ( ! second>y or int]m$iate cry/al4 ,hav+ trac$ ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( ^! figures to ! fir/ =mation ( a simple nucleus1 we w proce$ to ! consid]ation ( ! m comp\nd v>ieties1 9 :i* ! nucleus is a conspicu\s elem5t ( con/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,! figures we h be5 consid]+1 al?\gh possess$ ( unity ( design 9 a high degree1 are f\nd to exhibit no great p]fection ( /ructural detail :5 exam9$ b5ea? a l5s2 ^? t we are ab\t to inquire into belong to a m p]fect ord]1 mu* m m9ute & v comp\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,fig4 #bh is a figure ( ?is class1 mu* enl>g$ & drawn z se5 b5ea? a microscope4 ,x 0 highly cry/alliz$1 & ! angles & planes ( :i* x is compos$ 7 %>ply & well def9$4 ,! prisms at ! end ( ! radii 7 cut into facets1 & gli/5$ ) brilliancy1 z did ! six prisms ar\nd ! c5tre4 ,! radial arms 7 %>ply cut1 six-sid$ %afts1 v diff]5t f ! sn[y r\nd$ spicul ( ! elem5t>y figures4 ,x 0 easily disc]nible to ! nak$ eye1 & pr9cipally ^? p>ts :i* are :ite 9 ! engrav+1 & :i* communicate to ! copy v mu* ! effect ( ! orig9al :5 "u ! full influ5ce ( direct light4 ,! c5tre is lam9at$1 hexagonal 9 =m1 & )9 x we p]ceive ! second>y /> ( prisms2 also t ea* addition to ! radii div]ges at an angle ( #fj4 ,fig4 #bi is ano!r1 highly cry/alliz$1 & compos$ ( p>allel prisms1 div]g5t f ! radial arms at an angle ( #fj1 & )\t nucleus4 ,! irregul> blade-l t]m9ations arise f an ill-advis$ eag]ness 9 ! obs]vation ( _! orig9ally v complicat$ /ructure1 by :i* !y 7 9 a mom5t dissolv$1 )\t injury1 h[ev]1 to ! symmetry ( ! figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,fig4 #cj is a beautiful comp\nd ( ! high] ord] ( cry/alliz$ bodies ) ! m elem5t>y1 ! nucleus belong+ to ! =m]1 & ! radii at _! extremities to ! ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4 latt]4 ,?is at fir/ sight appe>s an anomaly2 b we expla9 x on ! supposition t ! entire /ructure ( ! orig9al cry/al has be5 ( a high ord]1 ! %afts six-sid$1 z !y rema9 /ill at _! base1 & ! leafy incru/rations to h be5 regul>ly di/ribut$ prisms1 z 9 ! prec$+ figure2 t ! cry/al1 9 its desc5t1 has pass$ ?r\gh v>i\s temp]atures ( int5se cold1 probably ex*ang$ = a w>m] at "o in/ant ( "t1 9 :i* x has p>tially ?aw$1 & aga9 pass+ into a cold /ratum 9 approa*+ ! gr\nd1 has be5 once m congeal$1 giv+ rise to ! :ite opacity & irregul> =m ( its t]m9ations4 ,& ?is explanation is ! m reasonable1 z w be ga!r$ f a description ( ! dissolv+ or ?aw+ ( ^! bodies4 ,fig4 #ca is a cry/al se5 j previ\s to its return+ to ! primitive drop ( wat]4 ,orig9ally compos$ ( ! ord9>y radial arms1 ea* support+ prisms ( ! =m se5 9 ,fig4 #bi1 & ) a simple hexagonal nucleus1 "u ! influ5ce ( a v slightly increas$ temp]ature ! rigidity ( ea* l9e has become relax$1 :il/ ! cry/all9e matt]1 all b fluid & no long] heap$ up into prisms1 is di/ribut$ ov] a wid] area1 accord+ to ! laws ( attraction & correspond+ area ( surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,a v diff]5t ord] ( figures are ^? ( :i* ,figs4 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 & #ce are types4 ,! orig9als 7 exce$+ly small--s m9ute1 inde$1 t ! specks conta9+ all ^! beauties ( detail 7 almo/ inappreciable to ! nak$ eye4 ,x w readily be p]ceiv$ t !y diff] greatly f ! ord] aris+ out ( ! primitive /> or its second>y radii4 ,! base ( ^! mu/ be ref]r$ to ! hexagon1 z %[n at ,fig4 #b4 ,! mo/ highly elaborate ( our illu/rations1 %[n at ,fig4 #cc1 exhibit$ a succession ( planes rais$ "o above ano!r1 ! c5tre ( ea* radial arm int]sect$ by a sl5d] cry/all9e %aft lad5 ) delicate prisms4 ,fig4 #ce pres]ves m ! =m ( ! ord9>y hexagon1 & 0 cut v regul>ly into facets4 ,( ,figs4 #cd & #ce we 7 unable to obs]ve ! exact disposition ( ! rais$ surfaces1 & h del9eat$ ! outl9e only3 ^! figures fell1 ) sev]al o!rs f> m complicat$1 dur+ ! cont9uance ( a v unusual degree ( cold = ^! latitudes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4 ,,ii4 ,we h ?us f> endeav\r$ to %[ ! true bases ( con/ruction1 & h[ t cry/allization proce$s onw>ds f ! simple =ms to ! m complex1 & h select$ f num]\s v>ieties a few ( ! be/ types illu/rative ( ?is progress4 ,our limits w sc>cely p]mit u fur!r to individualise ^! beautiful creations2 yet1 n to mislead1 x is necess>y to ref] to an int]m$iate ord]1 9 :i* ! hexagon /> is lad5 ) div]g5t spicul betwe5 gr\ps ( prisms4 ,fig4 #cf1 select$ f ?is v num]\s class ( figures1 0 "o ( sev]al obs]v$ dur+ ! cold wea!r1 foll[+ ^u ! g5]al ?aw1 :i* t]m9at$ ! long-cont9u$ & sev]e fro/ ( #ahee4 ,! spicul 7 icicle-l1 ( ! utmo/ delicacy1 opaque1 & well def9$2 ! prisms1 on ! contr>y1 7 wat]y1 almo/ r\nd$1 &1 z x seem$1 on ! v]ge ( dissolution4 ,! entire figure _h ! appe>ance ( two di/9ct ord]s ( =mation--! prisms :i* belong to a v l[ temp]ature1 & ! spicul :i* are commonly =m$ at & ab\t ! freez+-po9t4 ,fig4 #cg is ano!r ( ! same class1 & 9 a v int]m$iate /ate2 ! additions to ! ma9 radii are nei!r prisms nor spicul1 yet p>tak+ ( ! "* ( bo?3 its peculi>ity consi/s 9 ! t]ti>y incru/ations be+ plac$ d[nw>ds t[>ds ! c5tre4 ,?is =m has be5 obs]v$ only dur+ v sev]e cold4 ,fig4 #ch is some:at analog\s to ! cry/als ( wat]2 its c5tre is hexagonal1 b ! prisms are irregul> cry/all9e incru/ations ( ! utmo/ delicacy & transp>5cy2 x 0 ( l>ge size1 fully half an in* 9 diamet]1 & gli/5+ l a fragm5t ( talc among ! sn[-flakes1 0 disc]nible at a consid]able di/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4 ,fig4 #ci 7page #aef7 is a specim5 ( a d\ble cry/al2 t is1 two simil> cry/als unit$ by an axis at "r angles to ! plane ( ea*4 ,x is highly complex1 & ! effect ( ea* is m ?an d\bl$ by ! arrangem5t4 ,cry/als s unit$ are n unfrequ5t 9 sev]e wea!r4 ,dur+ "o w9t] our obs]vations numb]$ ne>ly two hundr$ v>ieties4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4 ,! s]ies ( small draw+s giv5 on pages #acg1 #ach1 & #aci1 7 made ) a l5s ( mod]ate p[]1 b !y are n equal 9 value or /ructural detail to ^? drawn b5ea? ! microscope4 ,!y are among ! mo/ elem5t>y figures obs]v$2 &1 z illu/rative ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( =mation1 are *iefly wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,( m elaborate figures drawn b5ea? ! microscope1 besides ^? m imm$iately ref]r$ to 9 ! text1 examples are giv5 9 ,figs4 #dj1 #da1 & #db4 ,! idea ( obs]v+ sn[ cry/als is by no means orig9al4 ,we "k = c]ta9 t ,ari/otle obs]v$ !m2 also ,desc>tes1 ,greu1 ,kepl]1 & ,drs4 ,nettes & ,scoresby ( mod]n times4 ,sir ,edw>d ,bel*] also devot$ a consid]able degree ( att5tion to ! /udy ( ! cry/als ( sn[ 9 ! ,arctic regions4 ,!re ! radial arms 7 seldom less ?an an in* 9 l5g?1 & might be se51 accord+ to ,sir ,edw>d ,bel*]1 drift$ 9 heaps into ! crannies & recesses ( ! ice4 ,!y 7 seldom to be obta9$ 9 a p]fect condition1 g5]ally sep>at+1 by reason ( _! weight & size1 on desc5d+ to ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4 ,,iii4 ,hav+ br\ght to a close all t is "h necess>y to say respect+ ! =mation ( ^! bodies1 & ! position !y occupy 9 reg>d to sci5tific inquiry1 we may n[ turn to a consid]ation ( _! capabilities to sugge/ new =ms 9 decorative design1 z appli$ to ! indu/rial arts4 ,be+ ourselves desir\s to promote ! adoption ( ! appropriate z well z ! simple beauty ( tru? 9 ornam5t1 we w fir/ inquire h[ f> ^! figures are 9 accordance ) ^? g5]al pr9ciples ( arrangem5t ( =m :i* 9 all ages & c\ntries h con/itut$ ! truly beautiful 9 art4 ,^! are summ$ up briefly 9 ! propositions conta9$ 9 ! op5+ *apt] ( ,mr4 ,ow5 ,jones's 8,gramm> ( ,ornam5t40 ,we extract ! foll[+3-- 8,proposition #c4--;,z ,ar*itecture1 s all works ( ! ,decorative ,arts %\ld possess fitness1 proportion1 h>mony1 ! result ( all :i* is repose4 8,proposition #e4--;,decoration %\ld nev] be purposely con/ruct$3 t :i* is beautiful is true1 t :i* is true is beautiful4 8,proposition #h4--;,all ornam5t %\ld be bas$ ^u a geometrical con/ruction4 8,proposition #i4--;,z 9 ,ar*itecture1 s 9 ! ,decorative ,arts1 e assemblage ( =ms %\ld be arrang$ on c]ta9 def9ite proportions2 ! :ole & ea* p>ticul> memb] %\ld be a multiple ( "s p>ticul> unit4 8,proposition #aj4--;,h>mony ( =m consi/s 9 ! prop] balanc+ & contra/ ( ! /raight1 ! incl9$1 & ! curv$40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,fur!r on1 f ! same high au?ority1 we receive z an axiom--8,t !re c be no p]fect composition :]e ei!r ( ! ?ree prim>y elem5ts is want+--! /raight1 ! incl9$1 & ! curv$1 or :]e !y are n s h>moniz$ t ! "o prepond]ates ov] ! o!r two40 ,9 ! cry/als ( sn[ we p]ceive ^! la/ conditions are implicitly fulfill$1 inasmu* z !y include ! v>ieties1 /raight1 angul>1 & curv$1 ( :i* ! angul> has a decid$ prepond]ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4 ,) reg>d to ! proportions ( numb] on :i* ^! figures are bas$1 we %all f9d !m almo/ all defici5t 9 ! ma9t5ance ( a ratio1 wat] cry/alliz+ at an angle ( #fj1 a fact exemplifi$ 9 ! radial arms & ! second>y & t]ti>y additions1 :i*1 always produc$ at ! same angle1 are *>act]i/ic ( ! great] numb] ( ^! cry/als4 ,?us !y c be consid]$ sugge/ive only ( m complete designs--! c5tre1 9 fact1 ( a bord]+ or patt]n-"w1 to be complet$ r\nd !m accord+ to ! int5d$ application1 & ) due ref]5ce to ^? ratios ( numb] :i* are f\nd mo/ acceptable 9 composition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4 ,f\nd$ ^u a /rictly geometric base1 & a uni=m repetition ( a c]ta9 concordant irregul>ity ( p>ts1 b\nd toge!r 9 "o h>moni\s unity by ! laws ( circul> composition1 :i* s]ve to l5d beauty to _! con/ructive details1 & con/itute ! ar*eus ( ! figure1 we are impress$ ) a conviction ( _! tru? & con=mity to ! natural pr9ciples ( beauty4 ,! impulse creat$ 9 _! fav\r is ?us subsequ5tly confirm$ on rational & ackn[l$g$ gr\nds ( admiration4 ,?is is ! m satisfactory t1 belong+ to no s*ool ( ar*itecture or design1 !y may be consid]$ z orig9at+ a new ord] ( =ms = ! fur!r supply or ext5sion ( ^? s long ackn[l$g$ & admir$4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1 consid] t !y w equally well assimilate ) all or any ( ! ord]s ( decorative art4 ,x appe>s to u1 accord+ to ! means plac$ at our disposal = arriv+ at a conclusion1 t !y are analog\s 9 _m respects to ! num]\s specim5s ( angul> composition :i* belong to ! m$ival p]iod ( ,byzant9e art4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4 ,x may n be altoge!r =eign to ! subject briefly to consid] ! unit$ p[] ( geometric figures1 9 conjunction ) col\r1 to produce ! /rik+ & beautiful effects :i* =m s important a feature 9 ,byzant9e & ,moresque mosaic 7b p>ticul>ly ! =m]7 specim5s ( art4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,! base ( ,byzant9e mosaic is pr9cipally ! relation ( ! hexagon to ! triangle1 ^u :i* base almo/ innum]able comb9ations h be5 con/ruct$4 ,^! ,byzant9e mosaics are always extremely simple 9 /ructure1 "s be+ made up entirely ( ! triangle1 o!rs ( />s ei!r six or eight ray$1 s+ly or enclos$ 9 a hexagon or octagon plac$ at int]vals1 & unit$ by ! m simple figure ( ! triangle1 :i*1 arrang$ 9 gr\ps1 s]ve z connect+ l9ks f "o to ! o!r4 ,! :ole composition is r5d]$ ei!r sp>kl+ or monoton\s accord+ to ! employm5t ( contra/$ effects or a limit$ & uni=m range ( col\r1 & is admirably illu/rative ( h[ ! uni=mity ( ! geometric figure may be brok5 up & de/roy$1 its v "* *ang$1 inde$1 accord+ to ! sy/em ( col\r+ adopt$--an illu/ration /ill fur!r confirm$ by a /udy ( ! v>i$ & evolv$ designs on a "p ( ! encau/ic pavem5t ( ! ,byzant9e ,c\rt at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 :i*1 describ$ 9 %ades ( neutral t9t ?r\gh\t1 ^u a gr\nd ( ! same col\r1 r5d]s x difficult = ! eye to detect any v>iation ( patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,! specim5s ( ,moresque mosaic ) :i* we are acqua9t$ diff] some:at 9 "* f t :i* we h be5 consid]+4 ,bas$ ^u ! squ>e & its aff9ities1 x is con/ruct$ ma9ly ) ref]5ce to ! ratios ( eight1 f\r1 & twelve4 ,x is less glitt]+ 9 col\r ?an ! ,byzant9e1 & attracts ! eye m to masses ?an to fragm5ts4 ,! figures ( sn[ are ne>ly alli$ to ! pr9ciples ( ^! decorative /yles ( art1 bas$ z !y are ^u a sy/em ( angul> geometry4 ,we p]ceive1 also1 t ! primitive base ( ! cry/als is ! lead+ figure ( mosaic1 f\nd$1 z mo/ ( x is1 ^u ! hexagon & its comb9ations1 ?\gh occasionally admitt+1 ) great effect1 ! employm5t ( ! octagon4 ,?us !y seem naturally sugge/ive ( an ext5sion ( ! =ms common to mosaic1 & may be ! means ( elicit+ fre% comb9ations sc>cely less beautiful ?an ^? transmitt$ to u f ! pa/4 ,! fitness ( mosaic = ! purposes ( decoration is evid5t1 on ! gr\nd ( its con=mity to c]ta9 fix$ pr9ciples ( tru? :i* sc>cely p]mit ( deviation4 ,"o ( ! olde/ ( ! me*anical arts1 orig9at+ 9 exp]im5tal comb9ations ) cubes solid & transp>5t1 subsequ5tly improv+ z ! sci5ce ( geometry became m g5]ally und]/ood1 x is n[1 9 ! h&s ( "s ( our mo/ em95t manufactur]s1 n ! lea/ important among ! indu/rial ag5ts ( ! pres5t day1 z may be se5 9 ! beautiful encau/ic & pa9t$ tiles = pavem5ts & decorative purposes g5]ally1 execut$ by ,messrs4 ,m9ton ,co41 ( ,/oke-^u-,tr5t4 ,"o great fault ( ! decorative designs ( ! pres5t day is ! want ( 8appropriate0 ornam5t to ! purposes 9 view1 & ! mixture ( s*ools or /yles ( art1 :i* *>act]ize s _m ( ! patt]ns commonly produc$ = dome/ic & ev5 high] applications--a mixture too (t5 involv+ ! entire de/ruction ( tru?1 fitness1 & proportion1 ! ?ree ess5tial elem5ts ( beauty4 ,9 ! magnific5t "w on ! 8,pr9ciples ( ,ornam5t10 by ,mr4 ,jones1 we h an entire hi/ory ( ! pa/ 9 ar*itectural design1 classifi$ into s*ools1 ! orig9 & progress ( ea*1 ei!r trac$ or traceable 9 connection ) ! p]iod at :i* x fl\ri%$1 & ! p :o gave x bir?4 ,we may !re=e anticipate t ! pure & beautiful s made kn[n among/ u may ex]cise an important & b5eficial influ5ce on design1 f its highe/ to its l[e/ applications4 ,we d n =get1 h[ev]1 t ! art ( mosaic1 tak+ its rise b5ea? ! sunny skies ( ,italy & ,greece1 & glitt]+ ev5 n[ on ! walls & b5ea? ! cloi/]s ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*es ( ,italy & ,sicily1 & )9 ! mosques & palaces ( ! ,ea/1 accords r ) ! g5ius ( ! ,s\? & ! gorge\s ta/e ( ! ,ea/ ?an ) ! less florid tone ( m nor!rn l&s2 & a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! conditions "u :i* x s long assimilat$ )1 & cont9u$ to con/itute a dazzl+ feature 91 ! decoration ( two1 if n ?ree1 ( ! highe/ /yles ( ar*itecture--! ,moresque1 ,byzant9e1 & ,arabian--is necess>y to enable u to pr(it to ! full by its capabilities z an indu/rial ag5t4 ,nor d we =get t ! rise ( mosaic 7we are speak+ ( its conv5tional v>ieties7 0 accompani$ by1 or 0 r ! result (1 ! decl9e ( art1 :5 = a p]iod a me*anical process usurp$ ! place ( high] ef=ts ( design & fancy4 ,= ! v reason1 h[ev]1 t ! art & its imitations mu/ be to a great ext5t me*anical1 we c\ld wi% to see its range ( utility /ill fur!r ext5d$4 ,n admitt+ ( wide deviations f fix$ pr9ciples1 we w\ld pref] to see x sub/itut$ = ! l>ge mass ( nondescript patt]ns to :i* we h already made allusion4 ,& our facilities are great = introduc+ x into m g5]al use2 = 9 ! same way t ! pa9t]'s art has1 ) ! utmo/ tru?fulness ( effect1 reproduc$ = our /udy & admiration repres5tations ( ! elaborate inlay+s ( m>ble & glass1 ) :i* ! orig9als1 c5turies ago1 7 con/ruct$1 we may c>ry its imitation successfully into almo/ e bran* ( manufacture or decoration2 &1 :il/ pres]v+ ! _s ( ! comb9ations1 unfett]$ by ! con/ructive difficulties ( ! orig9al "w1 we may engraft new figures1 & orig9ate new /yles ( patt]n1 p]haps available = a v>iety ( applications4 ,,iv4 ,an attempt to adapt a revival ( ,byzant9e glass mosaic to v>i\s h\sehold elegancies has )9 ! la/ few ye>s be5 made by ,mr4 ,george ,/eph5s1 ( ,pimlico1 :o1 aft] consid]able /udy ( ! mosaics ( antiquity1 has design$ a l>ge v>iety ( elaborate & beautifully execut$ patt]ns = tables1 /&s1 panell+s1 c&elabra1 c4 ,9 ! specim5s t we h se5 8 comb9ations h be5 bas$1 _m ( !m ^u ! hexagon & its v>ieties1 & sev]al ^u ! octagon1 :i* is necess>ily m remov$ f ! simplicity ( ! ,byzant9e s*ool4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,/eph5s ! figures ( sn[ are highly sugge/ive ( a /ill fur!r ext5sion ( ! =ms kn[n 9 mosaic1 & he consid]s t !y w mat]ially aid 9 ! con/ruction ( new figures4 ,we believe t x is 8 int5tion %ortly to attempt an adaptation ( "s ( !m to ! purposes ( 8 art4 ,we feel t we _c suffici5tly admire ! /ructural detail ( ! great] numb] ( ^! productions1 & ! ri* effects ( col\r unit$ 9 _! composition4 ,b "h we may rem>k1 t to r5d] ! anci5t ,byzant9e mosaic an appropriate decorative ag5t1 x is necess>y t ! arti/ %\ld n copy implicitly f ! works ( ! pa/1 b seek mo/ to ma9ta9 betwe5 x & surr\nd+ influ5ces ! same relation t =m]ly exi/$ betwe5 x & ! p "u ^: h&s x atta9$ su* di/+ui%$ pre-em95ce4 ,z we h already said1 ! art orig9at$ b5ea? ! skies ( ,italy & ,greece1 & ) x ! sy/em ( bright & glitt]+ col\rs :i* r5d]$ x s p]fect 9 itself1 & 9 its relation to all surr\nd+ ?+s4 ,depriv$ ( ^! bright influ5ces ( climate1 we f9d x 9 our own c\ntry no less beautiful 9 itself1 b want+ 9 a due h>moni\s relation to ! tone ( col\r x is br\ght 9 contact )4 ,to rem$y ?is--to naturalise ! art1 9 fact--! arti/ %\ld be cont5t to tru/ r to h>mony ( design ?an to *romatic effects2 s t ! eye1 uncaught by a g5]al s5sation ( brilliancy & glitt]1 may repose ^u ! quiet h>mony ( ! design2 & ?is rem>k we make z apply+ m or less to all mosaic1 & ent]+ z a matt] ( consid]ation into e application ( :i* x is capable 9 ?is c\ntry1 ?\gh m p>ticul>ly 9 ref]5ce to ! especial description execut$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5s4 ,9 reject+ /rong *romatic effects1 h[ev]1 we w\ld n be und]/ood to sanction neglect ( ! v mat]ial aid af=d$ by col\r 9 giv+ life & purpose to mosaic2 b we w\ld h x /udi$ ) a view to its creat+ z _m v>ieties ( patt]n z c possibly result f ! introduction ( a limit$ range ( col\r ^u a uni=m s]ies ( designs4 ,= in/ance1 h[ _m v>ieties ( patt]n ! eye is able to trace f ! simple repetition ( a six-ray$ /> ( uni=m col\r ^u a gr\nd brok5 into triangles by ! introduction ( two o!r col\rs to complete ! triple h>mony6 ,?is is an unfail+ *>m 9 mosaic3 h[ev] simple or h[ev] complex ! con/ruction ( ! design1 view$ f a di/ance1 ! eye is con/antly discov]+1 )\t m5tal ef=t1 fre% comb9ations :i*1 aris+ out ( natural & fix$ laws1 communicate pleasure to ! behold]4 ,to encau/ic tile-"w & its imitations ! figures ( sn[ appe> peculi>ly sugge/ive2 & x is rem>kable t a few ( ! patt]ns pres]v$ to u f antiquity are exactly simil> to ! nuclei ( "s ( ! sn[ cry/als4 ,9 ?is application1 f> m ?an 9 ! conv5tional glass mosaic & its imitations ( :i* we h be5 speak+1 we are compell$ to seek effect 9 symmetry ( design4 ,necess>ily exclud$ f imp>t+ ! idea ( rais$ surfaces1 su* be+ inconsi/5t ) ! int5tion ( floor+1 :i* is to pres5t a level surface to ! eye & feet1 we are also conf9$ to a v limit$ range ( col\r1 9 ord] n to int]f]e ) ! decorations ( ! walls & ceil+s1 & ! manufacture ( encau/ic tiles be+ 9 itself limit$ to ! employm5t ( b few col\rs4 ,?us exclud$ f ! ri* & subtle h>monies ( col\r1 & ! relievo ( light & %ade1 our att5tion is pr9cipally direct$ to ! design :i*1 9 reg>d to ?is application1 %\ld comb9e simplicity ) uni=mity ( outl9e1 & be easily ref]able to a purely geometric base4 ,& "h we may add1 9 reg>d to ! figures ( sn[1 t1 :e!r 9 outl9e or 9 relievo1 !y are equally symmetrical4 ,9 ! "o case !y are simply enl>g$ copies ( ! g5]al effect to ! nak$ eye2 9 ! o!r !y pres5t to u /ructural details only visible by ! employm5t ( a high-p[] l5s1 or z se5 by ! aid ( a microscope4 ,an equal range ( adaptation is likewise op5 to !m 9 reg>d to floor-clo?1 :i* involves att5tion to ! conditions above m5tion$ z ref]r+ to tile-"w1 b 9 a less degree1 inasmu* z its m h\sehold & dome/ic applications all[ a some:at great] latitude 9 fancy & col\r4 ,z suitable = canvas1 !y w admit ( v>i\s supplem5t>y bord]+s & intricacies ( patt]n1 conceiv$ ar\nd !m 9 ! _s ( ! orig9al design1 & s]v+ z a means = ! introduction ( ! col\rs mo/ commonly employ$ 9 ?is bran* ( manufacture4 ,9 reg>d to ! figures ( sn[ we h two di/9ct sugge/ive ideas 9 ref]5ce to _! application1--! "o1 t ( +raft+ !m into diff]5t /yles ( ornam5t = _! fur!r ext5sion into new =ms2 ! o!r1 t ( _! adoption to v>i\s decorative purposes n[ usurp$ by designs or patt]ns :i*1 9 "p sanction$ by use1 are greatly c5surable on ! gr\nds ( fitness & ta/e4 ,9 ! latt] _s we consid] t !y may be mo/ usefully appli$ to pap]-hang+s1 al?\gh ( late 9 ?is bran* ( design !re has be5 a manife/ improvem5t4 ,n long ago ! 8arti/0 :o presid$ ov] ?is dep>tm5t1 & ^: influ5ce 0 felt m or less 9 e home ( ! k+dom1 _h no guide b 8 own ill-educat$ & di/ort$ w2 he ?rew ?+s toge!r )\t ! lea/ reg>d to h>mony ( col\r1 fitness ( proportion1 or =m ( any k9d1 & call$ ! het]og5e\s mass 8a design40 ,latt]ly he has _h bett] opportunities = ! acquisition ( k2 b :at is ( f> m importance1 he has _h bett]-in=m$ critics4 ,9 "s in/ances 8 task has prec$$1 9 o!rs x has foll[$1 t ( 8 cu/om]s2 b assur$ly we d n n[ (t5 see ^u our walls ! mon/r\s p]petrations :i* disgrac$ ^? ( our *ildhood4 ,if ! pap]-hang] w exam9e ?is collection ( sugge/ions f ,nature--f ,nature z %e exhibits only "o phase ( grace & beauty--we feel sure t he w be at once conv9c$ t _! adoption w be ( imm5se value to him4 ,!re is "o application yet to m5tion1 :i* we h res]v$ to ?is place z involv+ some:at l5g?y consid]ation--t ( _! adaptation to ! manufacture ( e>!nw>e & porcela94 ,! unga9ly & unmean+ spots t are s (t5 put ^u plates1 & ! di/ort$ ornam5t :i* s frequ5tly degrades cups & sauc]s & jugs = ord9>y dome/ic use1 we hope may1 to a great ext5t1 be displac$ by ^! sn[ cry/als1 :i*1 v>i$ to inf9ity1 w\ld cause ! eye & m9d to receive t refre%m5t :i* arises f ! true & beautiful2 nor are we )\t hope t !y may ultimately be receiv$ into ! high] application to porcela94 ,we all "k t porcela9 has long enjoy$ a monopoly ( ! mo/ ta/eful designs t art c\ld sugge/1 :e!r ( birds1 fl[]s1 m$allions ( figures1 or arabesques2 b we are 9 hopes t !y may sugge/ a few novelties ( designs to ?is ! mo/ fav\r$ m$ium = ! display ( ! natural & beautiful 9 art4 ,?is hope ( itself sugge/s ! "q1 ,h[ f> h ! beauty & symmetry ( ! geometric figure be5 ackn[l$g$ & employ$ hi!rto 9 _! designs8 ,! answ] to ?is "q involves an inquiry into ! hi/ory ( designs z appli$ to pott]y1 f its fir/ crude attempts at ! del9eation ( natural objects to ! pres5t "t1 :51 bo? 9 ,engl& & abroad1 x has atta9$ to su* great p]fection4 ,z a di/9ct inquiry ?is is sc>cely less int]e/+ ?an in/ructive1 lead+1 z x does1 ! /ud5t 9 design to a correct k ( t :i* is beautiful & appropriate r ?an conv5tional4 ,z an important aid to su* k1 ! ,c]amic collection at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum (f]s a means ( /udy to ! /ud5t 9 c]amic design4 ,! mo/ crude attempts1 dat+ f ! conclusion ( ! fifte5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5turies1 are easily di/+ui%able by ! rude outl9es !y exhibit ( m5 & animals & fl[]s3 9 "s cases /rictly imitative1 s f> z ! skill ( ! workman has p]mitt$2 9 o!rs1 fanciful & grotesque4 ,9 "s specim5s belong+ to ?is p]iod ( art are attempts at creative design 9 ! geometric precision ) :i* simil> =ms ( leaves & int]lac$ patt]ns are repres5t$1 *iefly describ$ 9 %ades ( ! same col\r ^u a uni=m gr\nd1 & diff]+ mu* 9 reg>d to ! accuracy ) :i* !y are execut$4 ,"s ( ! subjects *os5 are religi\s1 includ+ repres5tations ( our ,savi\r2 "s allegorical2 & o!rs1 aga91 h]aldic devices4 ,! rude1 b fl[+1 & sometimes evolv$1 designs ( ! int]lac$ & outl9e patt]ns are *iefly borr[$ f leaves & fl[]s1 r ?an bas$ on pr9ciples ( geometry2 ! col\r+ also is bold & prom95t1 9 con=mity ) ! _s ( ! design1 & exhibits ! prim>ies blue1 r$1 & yell[1 b slightly temp]$ by ! mild] & subsidi>y t9ts1 ^u :i*1 at a lat] "t1 ! pa9t]s ( ,majolica knew s well h[ to re/ _! mo/ s(t & agreeable effects4 ,( ! ,raphael w>e1 s well kn[n & s highly priz$ by connoisseurs1 little "h ne$ be said4 ,raphael1 9 8 e>ly y\?1 is suppos$ to h devot$ "s "t to ! pa9t+ ( ,majolica1 & h5ce its "n at ?is p]iod & = "s "t beyond4 ,:e!r or n ! easy grace & spirit$ /yle ( ^! pa9t+s1 *iefly allegorical1 ?\gh repres5t+ sometimes passages f hi/ory1 & ! h>moni\s s(tness ( ! col\r+1 give intr9sic value to ! mo/ trifl+ specim5s ( ! art1 :e!r = ornam5t or dome/ic use 7& _m ri* specim5s /ill rema9 to atte/ _! value1 & ! exub]ant ta/e & imag9ation ( ^? pa9t]s :o 7 cont5t to tru/ _! creations ( fancy to s brittle a m$ium71 to !m ! design]s ( ! pres5t day rema9 indebt$ = a c]ta9 fre$om & unconv5tional display ( art1 :i*1 re/ra9$ & modifi$1 long ex]cis$ an influ5ce on design1 & is traceable ev5 n[4 ,a few ye>s lat] an entirely new class ( designs 0 orig9at$ by ,palissy1 ma/] pott] to ,francis ,i4 ,?is em95t c]amic arti/1 born 9 ,france1 0 ! orig9ator ( ! ,palissy w>e1 sc>cely less kn[n ?an t ( ,raphael4 ,8 works are execut$ 9 relievo1 & are di/+ui%$ f o!rs ( ! p]iod 9 ! *oice ( subjects1 :i* are *iefly drawn f natural objects1 su* z plants1 reptiles1 fi%es1 c4 ,among ! specim5s kn[n by ! "n ( ,palissy w>e are ru/ic baskets design$ on a /rictly geometric base ( div]g5t l9es f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce1 p>tly 9 relievo1 & v effective 9 /yle & composition4 ,! *ief m]it ( ?is arti/ consi/s 9 8 fidelity to ,nature1 & an orig9al :imsicality ( conception4 ,pass+ on f ,palissy1 we come1 _m ye>s lat]1 to specim5s ( *9a ( a ta/eful degree ( ornam5t1 t w\ld d no discr$it to ! porcela9 works ( ! pres5t day4 ,"h1 9 ! c5tral m$allion1 is a gr\p ( figures1 ,raphaelesque 9 _! easy grace ( outl9e1 yet highly /udi$1 & claim+ ! rank ( a f9i%$ picture4 ,! ,b]l9 porcela9 illu/rates ! p]fection ( t union :i* comb9es ! imitation ( ! beautiful 9 ,nature ) ! less s5su\s beauty ( ! geometric figure4 ,9 ! ,svres porcela91 9 ! same collection1 ! geometric figure rises to high] importance1 =m+ 9 ! beautiful 8,v]sailles ,s]vice0 a framework = ! jewels :i* enri* ! exquisite c5tre m$allions4 ,! impression we d]ive f retrac+ ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ is1 t ! geometric figure has r>ely be5 employ$ z a pr9cipal ag5t 9 decoration4 ,we are speak+ /ill 9 ref]5ce to ! p]iod we h be5 consid]+1 & :i* is "o calculat$ to trace ) effect ! progress we h 9 view4 ,prom95t among ! e>li] specim5s is ! del9eation ( simple =ms borr[$ f ,nature1 repeat$ ) indiff]5t fidelity ( execution1 & spread ov] ! entire surface ( ! piece2 :il/ 9 lat] times1 :5 ! me*anical processes improv$ & admitt$ ( great] accuracy1 we f9d x re/rict$ to light & artificially con/ruct$ bord]+s1 s arrang$ z to l5d additional beauty to ! fre$om ( col\r & design else:]e display$2 & we ga!r1 also1 t if 9 ! works ( high art we f9d x n[h]e unmix$ ) designs ( a less =mal "*1 !re is sc>cely a "w t is n indebt$ to ! grave & conv5tional arrangem5t ( patt]n f\nd$ ^u a g5u9e k & elucidation ( its pr9ciples4 ,x has ev] be5 greatly aga9/ ! v g5]al adoption ( geometrically con/ruct$ figures to ! purposes ( porcela91 t ! unaid$ h& ( ! draftsman is insuffici5t to insure ! requisite accuracy ( outl9e--a difficulty :i* ev5 at ! pres5t day limits to a v great ext5t _! employm5t 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( art4 ,/ill1 we are l$ to hope t ! figures ( sn[ may prove sugge/ive ( a new basis on :i* to con/ruct designs no less symmetrical ?an ^? :i* we h se5 to proce$ f o!r & bett]-kn[n s\rces2 :il/ ! rate ( mod]n improvem5t 9 mo/ bran*es ( indu/ry leads u to hope t ?is difficulty be=e long may become less =midable1 & t improvem5ts 9 pr9t+ w enable manufactur]s to repeat ) tol]able *eapness patt]ns :i* h be5 conf9$ to ! m co/ly articles ( luxury4 ,( mod]n applications "o 9 p>ticul> occurs to u--x is t !y may aid 9 ! =mation ( a set ( ice-plates = ! dess]t or supp] table4 ,we c imag9e ! gr\nd ( ! plates a cle> light blue2 9 ! c5tre may be ! cry/al1 select+ 9 pref]5ce f ^? =ms :i* are mo/ cry/all9e & arboresc5t2 among !m1 t mo/ graceful ( all1 ! wat] cry/al1 di/+ui%+ x f ! gr\nd by %ades ( grey1 :i* %\ld be s di/ribut$ z to imp>t to ! copy ! fro/$ effect ( ! orig9al4 ,ar\nd ! c5tre1 & imm$iately b5ea? or ^u ! rais$ m>g9 ( ! plate1 might be arrang$ a circul> bord]+1 simil> to t we h describ$ z surr\nd+ ! m>g9 ( a pond on its fir/ congelation1 :5 ! ne$les1 becom+ incru/$ ) cry/all9e deposit1 assume ! appe>ance ( fro/$ f]ns4 ,!re is yet ano!r application t sugge/s itself to u1 al?\gh ! beautiful designs on porcela9 execut$ by ,messrs4 ,copel& ,co4 sc>cely leave any?+ to be desir$ by ! mo/ fa/idi\s2 we ref] to ! pa9t+ ( tiles or slabs ( porcela91 to be m\nt$ 9 frames ( silv]1 or wood1 = ornam5tal or dome/ic purposes1 & = :i*1 ( late1 !re has be5 a l>ge & increas+ dem&4 ,fig4 #dd 7page #agd7 is design$ = ?is application f "o ( ! sn[ cry/als4 ,to turn to yet ano!r & f> wid] scope :i* may h5ce be giv5 to ! cotton-pr9t]1 millions ( 8dresses0 issue e ye> f ,man*e/]4 ,= ^? :i* are int5d$ to clo! 8! masses0 !re is usually little attempt at design4 ,a simple =m ( a s+le col\r is all t is s\ght =1 & ! puzzle is1 h[ to obta9 v>iety4 ,"h is a book ( patt]ns1 no "o ( :i* has ev] be5 us$2 leaf aft] leaf may be turn$ ov]1 8& /ill f9d some?+ new0--some?+ t may be copi$ z x pres5ts itself1 some?+ t w be sugge/ive4 ,our ref]5ces h be5 made to b a few ( ! arts :i* may be--:i* mu/ be--l>gely influ5c$ by ?is p[] to ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 resort to ano!r means ( tea*+2 b x is obvi\s t !re is no bran* ( manufacture :i* may n1 to "s ext5t1 be b5efit$ by x4 ,let ! /ud5t give ! subject a mom5t's ?\ght1 & he w be conv9c$ ( ?is2 let him look d[n to 8 c>pet1 or up at 8 ceil+2 let him turn to ! cov] ( ! book he is p]us+1 notice any "p ( a lady's dress1 or ( 8 own1 :]e ornam5tation is admissible2 let him1 9 %ort1 consid] any object1 any:]e1 "u any circum/ances1 & !n exam9e ! few examples we set be=e him 9 ^! pages1 & he w at once p]ceive h[ mu* ( h>mony1 ( tru?1 ( beauty1 may be obta9$ by an intellectual /udy ( ^! =ms1 :i* are nei!r m nor less ?an ,nature's tea*+s f a book hi!rto unop5$4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,symmetrical ,,& ,,ornam5tal ,,=ms ,,( ,,organic ,,rema9s4 ,,by ,,rob]t ,,hunt1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,i4 ,! mo/ useful z well z ! mo/ ornam5tal devices :i* h sprung f ! ex]cise ( human +5uity h all be5 f\nd$ ^u ! v>i$ & beautiful creations :i* ,nature has pres5t$ to u4 ,x is n )9 ! limits ( human p[] to create1 b f ! impressions made ^u ! m9d an unlimit$ v>iety ( comb9ations may be =m$4 ,by ! m5tal kaleidoscope an inf9ite *ange ( =m is produc$ by ! re-arrangem5t ( a few simple elem5ts ( beauty4 ,! ideal head ( ! ,grecian sculptures is b a ref9$ reproduction ( ! l9es ( grace & beauty :i* ! obs]vant arti/s _h se5 91 & select$ f1 ! intellectual features ( ! educat$ ,a!nians4 ,ar*itecture1 too1 has lib]ally borr[$ f ! p]fections ( ! human =m4 ,9 ! symmetry ( ! ,ionic columns1 & 9 ! graceful /r5g? & gr\p$ elegance ( ! ,c>yatides1 we trace ! be/ proportions ( ! p]fect woman2 & 9 ! fl[+ beauty ( _! ornam5tations we may discov] a reproduction ( "s ( ^? caprices :i* are ! spontane\s gr[? ( ! female m9d4 ,ar*itecture has no less lib]ally borr[$ its /yles & ornam5ts f o!r natural s\rces3 f ! ar*$ cav]n & ! b[]y =e/ tradition draws ! =m ( ! ,egyptian temple & ! ,go?ic fane4 ,! *alice-l fl[] ( ! lotus ( ! ,nile ornam5ts ! columns ( ,luxor2 ! acan?us foliage decorates ^? ( ,cor9?2 & 9 num]\s o!r in/ances ! arti/ has s\ght to weave ! simplicity ( vegetable =ms into ! texture ( 8 "w1 = ! purpose ( insur+ a g5]al "* ( lightness & elegance4 ,:e!r ! anci5t pott] select$ ! %apes ( 8 fictile manufactures f ! foliage ( ! =e/s ( 8 l& has be5 frequ5tly discuss$4 ,x is suffici5t1 at pres5t1 to "k t ! elegant curves ( ! ,a!nian & ,etrurian vases1 :i* h ?r\gh all p]iods be5 reg>d$ z beautiful1 owe ?is high appreciation to ! simple fact t !y are true to ! l9es :i* ,nature has h]self adopt$4 ,! true is always beautiful1 & 9 :atev] =m x may address itself to ! m9d1 x ex]ts ov] x an uncontrollable p[] = good4 ,! impulses ( ,nature are ev] 9 ! direction ( p]fection1 & we f9d1 ev5 9 ! ex]cise ( ! my/]i\s physical =ces :i* b9d ! atoms ( matt] into a mass1 t a con/ant t5d5cy is exhibit$ t[>ds an arrangem5t :i* %all obs]ve ! utmo/ symmetry4 ,9 ! inorganic _w we h cry/all9e =ms exhibit+ an ob$i5ce to ! mo/ p]fect geometrical laws2 & 9 organic creation--f ! l[ly li*5 to ! /atelie/ tree1 f ! infusorial inhabitants ( a drop ( wat] up to man--we h molecule comb9+ ) molecule 9 a myriad ways1 b 9 all ( !m produc+ results :i* *>m by _! adaptation to circum/ances1 & 9 ! p]fection ( e organ4 ,! ef=ts ( man to convey to ! canvas ! resemblance ( humanity--to impress1 by ! ag5cy ( a few col\rs ^u 8 tablet1 a reflection ( ! m5tal op]ation z x is se5 8brea?+ ?r\gh ! face0 9 love & sympa?y1 or di/urb+ ! features ) agony or sorr[--is b an exalt$ ef=t ( t desire :i* moves ! entire race to copy ! ph5om5a ( ,nature z !y pres5t !mselves to our s5ses4 ,x is ! prevail+ "*1 &1 inde$1 ! di/+ui%+ feature1 ( ! human race1 t x delights 9 imitation3 ! *ild 9 its play1 & ! man ( tal5t 9 8 /udio1 are equally exemplifications ( ?is fact4 ,man has ev] gone to ,nature = 8 inspirations4 ,if we exam9e ! rude productions ( ! savage :o is awak+ f 8 m]ely animal exi/5ce1 & ov] :om m9d is beg9n+ to ass]t its p[]1 we discov] t 8 fir/ impulses are to gleam f ! organiz$ =ms ar\nd him su* objects z he conceives w add some?+ to ! adornm5t ( 8 body4 ,:5 he comm5ces to produce any ( ^? aids to exi/5ce :i* are ! e>lie/ ef=ts ( te*nical art1 we /ill see he rudely attempts to copy "s famili> natural =m4 ,:e!r we select f ,greece 8^? faultless productions ^: v fragm5ts are ! despair ( mod]n art10 ! almo/ brea?+ m>bles ( ,phydias--:e!r we take ! sun-bak$ pott]y ( anci5t ,egypt or ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ! 8art-manufactures0 ( a primitive p1 or ^? manife/ations ( an educat$ ta/e :i* ,greece1 ,rome1 & mod]n ,europe af=d1 we %all f9d t 9 all alike ! ef=t to imitate ! works ( ,nature is ! prevail+ t5d5cy4 ,&1 beyond ?is1 we %all le>n1 too1 t :]e ! simple beauties ( ,nature h be5 approa*$--seldom h !y be5 realis$--! art-production has become ! glory ( ! age & ! boa/ ( ! c\ntry to :i* x belongs4 ,we sometimes f9d t human intellect1 pr\d ( its comp>atively high a*ievem5ts1 quits t almo/ /]n simplicity :i* di/+ui%es ,nature1 & aspires to produce effects by viol5t contra/s & gl>+ *>act]i/ics2 b ! result is inv>iably ! fate ( ,ddalus1 ^: flight on wax5 w+s 0 puni%$ by a fe>ful fall4 ,! dep>ture f ,nature 9 ! works ( art m>ks1 l a widespread+ mildew1 ! decay ( nations2 & ?is is readily acc\nt$ =4 ,z good ta/e inv>iably indicates a feel+ ( ! pres5ce ( t intellectual beauty1 8,! awful %ad[ ( "s unse5 p[]10 :i* consecrates all t x %9es ^u1 & ga9s an asc5dancy ov] ! gross s5sualities ( life1 s a dep>ture f x exhibits ! op]ations ( ^? feel+s :i* h _! orig9 9 ! depravity ( ! race4 ,our arti/s & our artisans h s\ght busily ov] ! surface ( ! e>? = subjects on :i* to lab\r4 ,h]b1 %rub1 & tree1 leaf & fl[]1 h be5 copi$ to ornam5t ! works ( _! h&s4 ,! sea has yield$ its organic =ms1 & ! workman has s\ght1 amid/ ! f9ny tribes & ! %elly wond]s ( ! great deep1 = subjects to aid 8 decorative designs4 ,! insect1 ! bird1 & ! bea/ h equally m9i/]$ to ! ex]cise ( fancy2 & ! inv5tive p[]s ( ! imag9ative h n unfrequ5tly attempt$ to bl5d ! ?ree k+doms ( ,nature 9 "o device1 9 ! eag] se>* = t novelty :i* g5]ally ga9s a ho/ ( admir]s4 ,leigh ,hunt ) tru? exclaims1 8,we "k n a million? "p ( ! wond]s ( ?is beautiful _w20 & x is b sl[ly t sci5ce is discov]+ to u new subjects ( admiration2 b ?\gh sl[ly1 sci5ce is /eadily do+ s4 ,! tru?s ( sci5ce are con/antly s]v+ ! progress ( art1 & ! m we free ! lab\rs ( ! philosoph] & ! exp]im5tali/ f ! te*nicalities :i* are too frequ5tly only reta9$ to give a false appe>ance ( le>n+1 ! m c]ta9 w be ! advantages to be d]iv$ by ! /ud5t ( beauty f ! lab\rs ( /]n induction4 ,! union ( ,vulcan & ,v5us t5ds to ! diffusion ( peace & happ9ess4 ,al?\gh ,natural ,hi/ory is f\nd giv+ its aid to almo/ e division ( ornam5tal art1 !re is "o bran* ( x1 ,geology1 :i* has r5d]$ b little s]vice to ! arti/4 ,yet "h is a va/ field1 spread ov] an e>?-wide space & compreh5d+ almo/ inf9ite "t1 teem+ ) =ms ! result ( ! mo/ v>i$ organizations1 :i* has sc>cely yet be5 t\*$4 ,?is arises f ! circum/ance t ! /udy ( organic rema9s is itself a sci5ce ( v rec5t date4 ,palontology is b ( ye/]day2 yet x has a*iev$ important results4 ,! /udy ( ! =ms ( animal life :i* exi/$ 9 ! e>? previ\s to ! creation ( ! pres5t races :i* inhabit x is replete ) ! highe/ int]e/4 ,z ,a/ronomy p5etrates ! my/]ies ( space1 s ,geology pi]ces ! arcana ( "t4 ,! rock =mations tell ( ! e>?'s mutations1 & ! rema9s :i* !y hold1 z hi/ories ( =m] ages1 %[ t ! be+s :i* possess$ ! e>? z a dwell+ 7 z p]fectly adapt$ to _! conditions ( exi/5ce z any liv+ examples ( creative intellig5ce c be4 ,nor 7 !y want+ 9 beauty4 ,a /udy ( ! cab9ets ( ! curi\s--or ( ! metropolitan & _m local museums--w\ld at once c>ry conviction to ! m9d1 t amid/ ! ho/ ( fossil rema9s ) :i* we are n[ acqua9t$ is to be f\nd a new v>iety ( =ms admirably adapt$1 by _! symmetry & g5]al "*1 = ! purposes ( ornam5t4 ,x w be f\nd t /or$ 9 ! rocks are creations :i* liv$ & brea!d ere yet ! great mutations _h occurr$ :i* give to ! e>? its pres5t physical features4 ,f ! coral-l /ructures ( ! ,laur5tian rocks--probably ! e>lie/ evid5ces exi/+ ( any organiz$ /ructure--we may pursue our /udies ov] ! inf9ite v>iety ( =m :i* ! ,cambrian & ! ,silurian rocks pres]ve1 until we arrive at t p]iod :5 ! ,old ,r$ ,s&/one sea1 teem+ ) life1 wa%$ ! rock ( t ar*ipelago :i* has gr[n into ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,advanc+ to ! /udy ( yet m rec5t rocks1 we may select ! inhabitants ( inl& seas & ! imm5se savannahs ( an e>ly _w1 :i* = delicacy ( /ructure & elegance ( design are n to be surpass$ by any ( ! productions ( organic life n[ exi/+4 ,"h1 !n1 is a yet unpl\gh$ field f :i* ! art-manufactur] may cull fre% =ms4 ,we c only direct att5tion to ! s\rce1 & give a few illu/rations 9 pro( ( our ass]tions3 hav+ done ?is1 we mu/ leave ! indu/ri\s arti/ to se>* = himself 9 geological cab9ets & palontological plates = ^? =ms :i* may suit 8 purposes & please 8 ta/e4 ,) ! exception ( two highly imag9ative pictures by ,john ,m>t91 ( 8,! ,c\ntry ( ! ,iguanodon10 illu/rat+ ,dr4 ,mantell's 8,wond]s ( ,geology10 & 8,! ,book ( ! ,great ,sea-,dragons10 by ,mr4 ,?omas ,hawk9s1 9 :i* a realisation ( ! condition ( ! e>? dur+ ! p]iod :5 x 0 ! abode ( ^? mon/r\s reptiles ^: fossilis$ bones tell ! tale ( _! f]ocity & p[]1 is attempt$ & ably conceiv$1 art has n v5tur$ into ?is abyss ( "t4 ,:e!r ! hydras ( sup]/ition or ! griff9s & dragons :i* are pres]v$ 9 h]aldic be>+s are dim out%ad[+s ( ^? anci5t days1 pres]v$ l a my? among/ m51 x 7 va9 to speculate1 al?\gh ! speculation is fraught ) int]e/4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 curi\s t we f9d ^? /range rema9s ( ! old _w l9k$ to sup]/itions :i* h _! orig9 s9ce ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t ^? rem>kable fossil =ms mu/ h excit$ ! wond] ( man ere yet sci5ce b5t to ! task ( /udy+ !m4 ,! graceful =m ( ! ,nautilus1 :i* n[ enjoys exi/5ce 9 our tropical seas1 is famili> to all4 ,a l>ge v>iety ( mollusc\s animals ( ! same g5]a h exi/$ ?r\gh all "t2 & _! rema9s f\nd 9 ! fossil /ate prove !m to h be5 among ! e>lie/ inhabitants ( ! anci5t ocean4 ,9 ne>ly all ! rocks ( a lime/one "* ! rema9s ( ,ammonites--! anci5t ,nautilus--h be5 f\nd4 ,9 ! ,oolite1 ! ,lias1 & ! ,*alk1 v>ieties ( ^! elegant %ells are con/antly discov]$1 & ne>ly ?ree hundr$ species h be5 nam$4 ,f ^! we select a few1 :i* w1 we ?9k1 %[ t !y are well adapt$ = ornam5tal purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,! fir/ we give is ! ,ammonites ,eudesianus 7,fig4 #a71 :i* is f\nd 9 ! inf]ior ,oolite1 a v>iety ( ! s&/one rocks2 ! specim5 f :i* our illu/ration is tak5 be+ f ! s&/one rocks ( ,ca51 s well kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry f ! great quantity employ$ 9 our ar*itectural ornam5ts4 ,?is example is rem>kable = ! p]fection ( ! spiral l9es & ! beautiful disposition ( ! ribs or elevat$ portions1 :i* s]ve to /r5g!n ! delicate *amb]$ %ell4 ,! ,ammonites cordatus ( ,s[]by 7,fig4 #b7 is di/+ui%$ by a spiral ( a diff]5t ord] f t ( ,eudesianus4 ,its ribs =m+ graceful wav+ l9es1 & t]m9at+ 9 a d5ticulat$ edge1 give a v symmetrical "* to ! ar*itecture ( ?is v>iety4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,! ,ammonites cri/agalli 7,fig4 #c71 9 :i* we h an arrangem5t ( ! convolutions n v unlike ! la/-nam$ species1 diff]s f x 9 ! disposition ( ^? folds :i* =m ! supports ( ! ar* ( ! %ell1 by :i* a v *>m+ ?\gh simple "* is obta9$4 ,! ,ammonites muticus 7,fig4 #d71 f\nd 9 great abundance 9 ! m>ls ( ! ,lias1 is rem>kable = ! v curi\s arrangem5t ( tub]cles or sp9es1 :i* are =m$ by ! elongation ( ! folds ( ! %ell4 ,not)/&+ ! g5]al defect :i* arises f ! repetition ( angul> l9es1 we h 9 ?is %ell an example ( ! h>mony :i* may be produc$ by !m :5 arrang$ ^u a uni=m sy/em4 ,! radiat+ effect ( ^! tub]cles rang$ ar\nd ! involutions ( ! %ell is v pleas+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,! ,ammonites ,gr5\illoxi 7,fig4 #e7 (f]s ano!r v>iety1 :i* %[s ! folds gradually be+ elevat$1 z ^! approa* ! m\? ( ! %ell1 into bosses1 by :i*1 ( c\rse1 increas$ /r5g? is secur$ :]e ! %ell becomes m op51 & consequ5tly weak]2 at ! same "t !y give a pleas+ v>iety to ! =m ( ! %ell itself4 ,! ,ammonites contr>ius 7,fig4 #f7 pres5ts _m di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics1 :i* are important to ! naturali/ z di/9ctive m>k+s1 & furni% ! arti/ ) a v>iety ( simple elegance :i* des]ves 8 /udy4 ,! peculi> arrangem5t ( ! ribs1 curv+ (f "r & left f a l9e runn+ along ! c5tre ( ! %ell1 gives rise to ! =mation ( a s]ies ( fe/oon-l ribs1 :i* add mu* to ! g5]al beauty ( ?is species4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 8,! g5]al pr9ciple10 rem>ks ,dr4 ,buckl&1 8( divid+ & subdivid+ ! ribs1 9 ord] to multiply supports z ! vault enl>ges1 is conduct$ ne>ly on ! same plan1 & = ! same purpose1 z ! divisions & subdivisions ( ! ribs b5ea? ! gro9 "w 9 ! flat vault$ ro(s ( ! florid ,go?ic ar*itecture40 ,9 all ^! arrangem5ts1 & also 9 ! bosses or tub]cles1 we h v>ieties giv+ bo? additional /r5g? & beauty4 ,a /rik+ uni=mity is f\nd to prevail 9 ev5 ^? %ells ( ! ,ammonites :i* seem ! mo/ complicat$2 & ! elegance ( _! g5]al appe>ance w be f\nd to be due to ! repetition1 at regul> int]vals1 ( "o symmetrical sy/em ( =ms4 ,9 _m ( ^! fossil %ells ! pe>ly plates are dovetail$ toge!r 9 a curi\s & beautiful mann]1 ! regul> disposition ( ! sutures produc+ a v elegant foliat$ appe>ance4 ,! *>m ( all ^! =ms1 & also ( ^? fossil %ells :i* are alli$ to ! ,ammonites1 consi/s 9 ! pleas+ impression :i* is giv5 by ! gracefully curv$ outl9e1 & ! wav+ l9es by :i* ! %ells are b&$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,among ! ,pect5s--a class ( %ells common to ! ,sussex *alk--w also be f\nd a great numb] ( =ms :i*1 al?\gh n unlike _m mod]n species1 diff] f !m 9 "s /rik+ features1 & :i*1 indep5d5tly ( _! novelty1 are s v elegant t !y seem peculi>ly fitt$ = ornam5tal purposes4 ,x has be5 ) mu* difficulty t we h *os5 two or ?ree illu/rations f ?is class1 & we /ill feel d\btful if our selections exhibit ! mo/ fav\rable samples ( _! symmetry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,! ,pect5 qu9qucco/atus ( ,=bes1 ! ,janira ,atava ( ,d',orbigny 7,fig4 #g71 is a beautiful semicircul> %ell1 ) a regul>ly d5ticulat$ edge1 its surface be+ cov]$ ) f9e transv]se /ri4 ,! woodcuts ( ! ,pect5 or ,janira /riataco/ata & ! ,pect5 ,duj>d9ii 7,figs4 #h & #i71 s]ve to exhibit o!r v>ieties ( ^! fossils1 & at ! same "t to %[ ! elegant curvatures ( ^! %ells1 :5 view$ 9 diff]5t positions4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,! ,trigonia c>9ata 7,figs4 #aj & #aa71 "o ( a class ( fossils :i* has p>ticul>ly engag$ ! att5tion ( ,agassiz1 is also f\nd 9 ! ,cretacean s]ies4 ,x is figur$ 9 two diff]5t positions1 t ! elegant outl9e & ! ornam5tal radiat+ /ri1 regul> tub]cles1 & d5ticulat$ m>g9 may be fully se54 ,9 ! ,c>dita we h ! same he>t-%ap$ =m1 b ! ornam5tal surface is 9 _m respects diff]5t4 ,! regul> curv$ l9es proce$+ f ! h+e ( ! %ell1 :i* is itself mo/ delicately =m$1 pres5t 9 ! ,c>dium mutonianum 7,fig4 #ab71 ! tub]culata ( ,s[]by1 a mo/ pleas+ arrangem5t ( /riations4 ,! regul>ity ( ^!1 z %[n 9 ! woodcut1 p>ticul>ly recomm5ds ?is specim5 & o!rs ( its class z admirably adapt$ = ornam5tal purposes1 :]e v delicate & elaborate workman%ip c be admitt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,! ,opis ,sab&iana 7,fig4 #ac7 is ano!r ( ^! elegant %ells m rem>kable = ! regul> =m ( its outl9e ?an = any elaboration ( ! /ri :i* trav]se x1 9 ?is respect /&+ 9 pleas+ contra/ ) ! prec$+ figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,among ! ,trigonia w be f\nd a va/ v>iety ( ! mo/ symmetrical =ms1 mo/ ( :i* are elegantly ornam5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,! two repres5tations :i* we h giv5 ( ! ,trigonia scabra 7,figs4 #ad & #ae7 w convey a g5]al idea ( ! m /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( ?is class ( fossils1 :i* are f\nd di/ribut$ abundantly ov] ! ,portl& rocks4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! folds ( ! %ells ov]lap ea* o!r is s+ul>1 & gives to !m (t5 a v /rik+ resemblance to ! fold+s ( leaves 9 ! leaf-bud ( plants4 ,! curv$ l9es1 =m$ by ! small bosses regul>ly elevat$ f ! /ri1 runn+ transv]sely to ^! l9es 9 _m species1 give an exce$+ly pleas+ outl9e1 :i* c]ta9ly adapts ^! ,trigonia1 f ! v>iety ( =ms ?us produc$1 to ! purposes ( ! art-manufactur] 9 a peculi> mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,by ! wond]ful transmutation ( organic /ructures1 by ^? natural processes 8,:i* turn$ ! ocean-b$ to rock1 ,& *ang$ its myriad liv+ sw>ms ,to ! m>ble's ve9$ =ms10 we h pres]v$ specim5s ( ! e>ly creations1 rivall+ 9 beauty any ( ^? :i* n[ exi/4 ,if we c b %[ t a s]ies ( novelties = art may be f\nd by se>*+ ov] ! *>nel-h\ses ( ! anci5t _w1 possess+ ! *>m ( symmetry & t beauty ( arrangem5t & decoration :i* adapts !m1 z we believe1 to num]\s ornam5tal purposes1 we %all be satisfi$4 ,we d b sugge/ an exam9ation4 ,we h conf9$ ourselves to a few ( ! num]\s rema9s ( animal life4 8,! s]mons 9 /ones0 are v>i$ beyond ! conception ( ^? :o h n attempt$ to read !m4 ,betwe5 ! e>lie/ attempts ( ,nature to =m a cell 9 :i* life %\ld ex]t its my/]ies1 up to ! mo/ elaborat$ & gigantic =m :i* ev] swam 9 ! anci5t wat]s or roam$ 9 ! wide savannahs1 !re is "o unceas+1 nev]-fail+ ef=t to multiply ! beautiful1 & to make x con=mable to ! useful4 ,9 conclusion1 we may aga9 rem>k t :e!r we seek to copy f ,nature h] old] or h] m rec5t works1 we %all f9d 9 !m all t peculi> *>m :i* 8,c s in=m ,! m9d t is )9 u--s impress ,) quietness & beauty--& s fe$ ,) l(ty ?\ghts10 t ! results ( t /udy w be ! production ( beautiful works1 all t5d+1 by _! spells1 to elevate humanity4 ,,ii4 ,9 ! previ\s *apt] we conf9$ ourselves to a selection ( a few fossil %ells1 ) ! hope ( draw+ ! att5tion ( ! art-manufactur] to a s\rce :5ce he may ga!r1 f ?\s&s ( examples1 =ms ( ! utmo/ symmetry1 :i* appe> to fit !mselves 9 a peculi> mann] = 8 especial purposes4 ,! beauty ( vegetable =ms has1 ?r\gh all "t1 won ! att5tion ( ! arti/4 ,! lotus & ! acan?us are r5d]$ classical by _! num]\s adaptations to ornam5tal uses4 ,! ivy & ! laurel1 ! nep5! & ! convolvulus1 ) num]\s o!r plants & fl[]s1 are to be f\nd m\ld$ & pa9t$ on works ( ornam5t & ut5sils = dome/ic use ?r\gh all ages4 ,num]\s & ev] graceful z are ! =ms ( ! liv+ vegetable _w--& ^! h be5 ext5sively copi$--!re is a va/ field )9 :i* dilig5t se>* w discov] a great v>iety ( plants1 :i* are no less beautiful & f> less common ?an _! liv+ analogues1 9 ! bygone flora pres]v$ s /rangely 9 ^? /rata :i* m>k ! mutations ( our my/]i\s _w4 ,! flora ( ! ,c>bonif]\s p]iod 0 ( a mo/ extraord9>y "*1 & luxuriant to an ext5t f> exce$+ ev5 t :i* is n[ exhibit$ 9 ! =e/s ( equatorial climes4 ,gr[+ mo/ rapidly & ( a lax tissue1 ^! plants 7 ( %ort duration1 & 7 aft] dea? rapidly conv]t$ into a mass ( uni=m /ructure1 su* z we h n[ exhibit$ 9 e b$ ( fossil fuel4 ,?ree hundr$ species ( plants belong to ! ,coal =mations ( ,great ,brita9 alone2 & x is f\nd t local causes1 ) :i* we are n acqua9t$1 h modifi$ 9 a /range mann] ! pla/ic vegetation ( ?is p]iod2 & 9 :at appe> to be analog\s positions we f9d :ole g5]a & ev5 ord]s ( plants ( v opposite botanical "*1 pres5t+ a great] disp>ity ( vegetation ?an c\ntries ! mo/ remote 9 geographical position4,b ,?us )9 a small area we h a v>iety ( /range =ms1 few ( :i* d n adapt !mselves = ornam5tal purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,fig4 #af is ! ,pecopt]is lon*itica or ,mantelli1 a f]n abundantly f\nd 9 ! coal-b$s ( ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 :i* is inde$ alli$ to "s ( ! exi/+ f]ns ( ,new ,zeal&1 b diff]+ f !m 9 _m ( its m>k+s4 ,! graceful arrangem5t ( ! frond p>ticul>ly di/+ui%es ?is species4 ,our next figure1 ! ,pecopt]is orcopt]idius 7,fig4 #ag71 is copi$ f a specim5 f\nd 9 ! coal %ale ( ,france1 z is also ,fig4 #ah1 ! ,aspl5ites nodosus1 al?\gh ?is s+ul>ly & prettily m>k$ plant is frequ5tly f\nd 9 o!r coal di/ricts4 ,9 ! f]ns ( ! pres5t p]iod we h none :i* exactly resemble ^! v>ieties1 & !y appe> capable ( be+ arrang$ by ! arti/ into ornam5ts ( an exquisitely graceful "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,( ^! k9ds num]\s v>ieties exi/ 9 ! fossil /ate1 9 :i* ! alt]nat+ arrangem5ts ( ! fronds1 & ! sy/ems ( v5ation1 pres5t _m pleas+ diff]5ces4 ,^! petrifi$ plants1 :i* grew 9 ! enorm\s deltas ( our isl& & ! ,cont95t :i* n[ =m ! kn[n coal-fields1 are (t5 pres]v$ ) a delicacy :i* we c\ld sc>cely h expect$ f ! conditions ( putrefaction & rapid dis9tegration :i* mu/ h gone on ar\nd !m4 ,& n unfrequ5tly we h s+ul>ly beautiful rema9s ( ! dissect$ leaves ( ^! plants 7,fig4 #ai71 ?is be+ effect$ d\btless by ! action ( wat] on ! s(t] portions ( ! leaf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,! ,sph5opt]is tridactylites1 :i* exhibits 9 ! arrangem5t ( its fronds "o ( ! mo/ symmetrical =ms to be f\nd among ?is elegant class ( plants1 c sc>cely be suffici5tly exhibit$ 9 ! space we are enabl$ to af=d4 ,x is abundant 9 ! %ales ( ! m9es ( ,montrelais4 ,9 ! same di/rict is also f\nd ! ,neuropt]is ,het]ophylla 7,fig4 #bj71 :i* is rem>kable = ! arrangem5t ( its fle%y leaves & ! regul>ity ( its v5ations4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t our draw+ only repres5ts "o ( ! fronds4 ,! gr\p+ ( ! :ole on ! /raight & sl5d] /em is v beautiful4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,! ,pecopt]is ,:itbi5sis 7,fig4 #ba71 :i* pres5ts _m diff]5ces f ! o!r =ms1 is copi$ f a specim5 f\nd 9 a nodule ( argillace\s iron/one f ! l[] %ale at ,cl\ghton1 & c]ta9ly x pres5ts _m po9ts ( int]e/4 ,among ! mo/ rem>kable & *>act]i/ic plants ( ! coal =mation is ! ,sigill>ia1 ( :i* extraord9>y trail+ plant upw>ds ( sixty species h be5 describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,^! plants are g5]ally b a few feet 9 height1 ?\gh sometimes two y>ds broad4 ,al?\gh ( univ]sal occurr5ce1 x is s+ul> t x is unaccompani$ by any evid5ce ( bran*es1 leaves1 fl[]s1 or fruit4 ,! peculi>ly lax condition ( ?is enorm\s tree f]n has prev5t$ ! pres]vation ( _m ( ! beautiful m>k+s by :i* ! trunk mu/ h be5 di/+ui%$4 ,9 our selection f su* z h be5 discov]$ we h giv5 two /rik+ v>ieties1 ! fir/ ! ,sigill>ia elegans 7,fig4 #bb71 z x is figur$ by ,brongni>t1 & ! ,sigill>ia ,defrancii 7,fig4 #bc7 f ,/4 ,ambroise1 bo? ( !m di/+ui%$ by ! beauty ( _! m>k+s4 ,x w be evid5t ^u exam9ation t ^! /range vegetable wond]s ( an e>ly _w be> a relation to ! rec5t ,conif]2 b ?is subject1 :i* is "o ( anxi\s dispute among fossil botani/s1 ne$ n deta9 u4 ,amid ! _m v>ieties ( ,sigill>i & ,lepidod5drons :i* are associat$ ) !m num]\s exquisitely delicate m>k+s occur4 ,! sections ( ^! plants too pres5t1 9 _! m$ull>y rays & sl5d] vascul> tissue1 sy/ems ( arrangem5t :i* are curi\s & ornam5tal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,hav+ sugge/$--& we aim at no?+ m--t ! fossil flora might furni% _m ta/eful ornam5ts to ! art-manufactur]1 we pass ha/ily to an equally brief & m]ely ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 sugge/ive notice if ! imm5se v>iety ( fossil =ms alli$ to ^? ( ! coral =mations n[ progress+ 9 ! ,pacific4 ,! mod]n corals pres5t to u a great div]sity ( /ructure1 b !y are excell$ 9 all respects by ^? ( ! old _w4 ,! rema9s ( ^! lab\rs ( insect life are exce$+ly num]\s2 entire m\nta9s are built1 = ! mo/ "p1 ) !m2 & ! coral animals appe> to h be5 z busy 9 ! ocean :i* wa%$ ! cliffs ( ! ,silurian b\nd>y z x is at ! pres5t "t on ! reefs ( ,torres ,/raits & ov] ! ,indian ,seas4 ,figs4 #bd & #be repres5t ! ext]nal appe>ance & ! int]ior arrangem5t ( ! ,calamopora polymorphus or ,favosites1 :i* is f\nd at ,combe ,m>t91 ,ilfracombe1 & ,plym\?4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! tubes or cells1 giv+ to ! :ole ! "* ( "s ( ! vegetable productions ( ! tropics1 is v graceful4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,! ,pleurodictyum problematicum 7,fig4 #bf71 f ! iron/one b&s on ! banks ( ! ,rh9e1 is s+ul>ly elegant4 ,! disposition ( ! d5ticulat$ *annels pres5t+ ! appe>ance ( a delicate bead-l trac]y1 m>k+ out a s]ies ( leaf-%ap$ divisions1 gives great beauty to ?is v>iety4 ,9 ! figure copi$ ! ,s]pyllum curv$ 9 ! c5tre adds too1 r ?an detracts f1 ! beauty ( ! fossil4 ,inde$1 ! mann] 9 :i* ,s]pylla dispose !mselves ov] _m ( ! corals is s+ul>ly graceful & capable ( _m applications4 ,! foll[+ figures ( ! ,a/ra gem9ata 7,fig4 #bg7 & ! ,a/ra rotula 7,fig4 #bh71 %[+ _! ext]nal "* & ! radiations z exhibit$ 9 section1 are only int5d$ to display ! novel & elegant "* :i* prevails ?r\gh an almo/ inf9ite v>iety ( ^! corall9e =ms4 ,^! beautiful creations are produc$ by animals ( ! polyp k9d1 :i*1 possess$ ( a p[] ( sep>at+ ! c>bonate ( lime f sea-wat]1 are con/antly engag$ 9 build+ up ar\nd !mselves ^? /one /ructures :i*1 if n geometrical 9 all _! arrangem5ts1 are /rik+ly v>i$ & beautiful4 ,! coral animal has left traces ( its "w on ! e>lie/ fossil rocks1 b 9 ! m rec5t or ,oolitic s]ies ! corals are mo/ abundant4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,x is almo/ impossible to select a specim5 f any cab9et ( ! corals ( ! ,oolitic p]iod )\t be+ /ruck ) ! regul>ity ( arrangem5t & ! v>iety ( beautiful =ms produc$4 ,x is true t our exi/+ corals be> a /rong resemblance to ^? ( ! seas ( ! anci5t _w1 b !y diff] 9 specific1 & (t5 9 g5]ic "*1 & ! fossil rema9s pres5t =ms & dispositions ( p>ts widely v>i$ f ^? ( ! rec5t coral4 ,x is curi\s & int]e/+ to obs]ve1 h[ev]1 9 bo? species1 ! same contrivances adapt$ to provide t resi/ance to ! waves s necess>y = ! protection ( ! coral animal1 & :i* especially m>ks its "w4 ,! ext5t to :i* ^! corall9e =mations h gone on w be indicat$ by ! fact t ! corall9e crag at ,ox=d is expos$ at ! surface1 & ! bottom ( x has n be5 rea*$ at ! dep? ( fifty feet4 ,"o ( ! lime/one b$s ( ! middle ,oolite s]ies ( ,engl& is a cont9u\s b$ ( petrifi$ corals1 reta9+ ! position 9 :i* !y grew at ! bottom ( ! sea2 & beside ^! we f9d scatt]$ ?r\gh our ,oolitic =mations an imm5se quantity ( coral rema9s4 ,inde$1 if we exam9e ! /ones ( :i* "s ( our mo/ admir$ *ur*es are built1 z at ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 we %all f9d t ! firmly integrat$ mass is little else ?an %ells & corals4 ,?us ! lab\rs ( ho/s ( insect ar*itects1 work+ 9 ! ocean :i* ov]fl[$ ?is isl& myriads ( ages s9ce1 are n[ employ$ to =m ^? temples :i* religion consecrates to ! ,creator ( all ?+s4 ,! elegance ( ^! fossil rema9s is /ill fur!r illu/rat$ by ! ?ree cuts ( ! ,p5tacr9ites subangul>is1 ! sections ( ! ,p5tacr9ites dubius1 & ( ! ,encr9ites monili=mis 7,fig4 #bi74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,an exam9ation ( ! num]\s ,cy/ide--! class ( fossils :i* are alli$ to ! sea-ur*9s ( our own seas--w conv9ce any "o ( ! con/ant t5d5cy t[>ds ! beautiful 9 all natural objects4 ,! arrangem5ts ( ! plates ( ! ,cy/ideans1 ornam5t$ z !y are ) grooves1 /ri1 & pores1 pres5t+ a v highly ornam5t$ sy/em ( sculpture1 _c be excell$ by any imag9>y design4 ,! ,e*9o-encr9ites1 ) _! curi\s plate ornam5ts & radiat+ b&s1 are all 9 ! highe/ degree symmetrical1 z are also ! />-fi%es f\nd 9 a fossil /ate1 & ! num]\s animal & vegetable rema9s ( a =m] _w1 to :i* we _c d m ?an ?us cursorily allude4 ,_m hundr$s ( simil> creations possess+ ! utmo/ v>iety 9 _! arrangem5ts1 & rivall+ 9 geometric regul>ity & beauty ! images ( ! kaleidoscope1 are to be f\nd lock$ )9 ! /ony /ructure ( our fossilif]\s rocks4 ,! ,cid>is ,blum5ba*ii 7,fig4 #cj71 f\nd 9 ! ,jura1 is ! only specim5 ( ei!r ( ^? classes ( fossil =ms :i* our space w all[ ( our giv+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,! elegant =m ( ! ,lily ,encr9ites1 z !y h be5 call$1 is well illu/rat$ by ! draw+ ( ! ,encr9ites monili=mis 7,fig4 #ca71 ! sections ( ! /ems ( :i* h be5 already %[n 7,fig4 #bi71 & ! ,b\rgueticrionis cr9oidalis 7,fig4 #cb71 :i* at once unites ! p]fection ( lightness & elegance 9 ! disposition ( its jo9t$ /em & its cr[n+ infloresc5ce4 ,^! curi\s l9ks betwe5 ! animal & ! vegetable k+doms1 pres5t+ 9 _! s+ul>ly delicate /ructures ! mo/ desirable =ms = ornam5tal disposition1 are to be f\nd 9 great abundance & div]sity4 ,di/ribut$ ?r\gh e phase ( be+1 ! creations ( ,nature pres5t a *a91 ea* l9k ( :i* is symmetrical 9 =m & beautiful 9 its arrangem5t4 ,if we comm5ce our exam9ation ) ^! =ms ( ! l[e/ organization1 :i* appe> to m>k ! dawn ( vitality on ?is planet1 & trace s]ies aft] s]ies ?r\gh ! di/+ui%+ /rata--ea* "o m>k+ a new epo* 9 ! ord] ( animal exi/5ce1 & exhibit+ new & con/antly v>i$ =ms--we %all f9d t ord] & elegance m>k ! :ole4 ,_m ( ^? /range creations1 ! ,trilobites--& inde$ ^? mon/]s ( t ocean :i* appe>s to h prevail$ ov] ! dry l&1 ! ,saurians--d n appe>1 ^u ! fir/ inspection1 to be> out ?is ass]tion2 b an exam9ation ( _! wond]ful arm\r w at once %[ t ,nature1 9 h] works1 nev] neglects to add to _! adornm5t aft] %e has provid$ = ! necessities ( ea* condition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4 ,! influ5ce ( ! /udy ( ,nature 9 ref9+ & purify+ ! human m9d has be5 (t5 insi/$ on1 & its tru? is evid5t4 ,no ef=t ( human ?\ght1 :i* is ( a m]ely t]re/rial "*1 c ev] rise to ! truly beautiful4 ,:e!r ! arti/ desires to pa9t ^u 8 canvas1 to *isel out ( m>ble1 to m\ld 9 clay1 or to ca/ 9 metal1 =ms :i* %all possess ! *>m1 ! secret ( inspir+ a feel+ ( ! beautiful1 he mu/ g to ,nature = 8 inspiration4 ,look+ into ! mirror ( h] works1 l ! influ5ce ( gaz+ into lov+ eyes1 he draws f x a pure1 a holy inspiration1 :i* he may1 if 8 practis$ h& be ob$i5t to 8 creative m9d1 transf] to ! gross elem5t :i* is to express to mank9d ! p[] ( ! true4 ,p]suad$ t b few ( ^? :o are engag$ on works ( art or ( art-manufacture h _h _! att5tion direct$ to any ( ! results ( palontological /udies1 & feel+ confid5t t an imm5se /ore ( novelties 0 to be f\nd among/ ! fossil remnants ( ^? days :5 man 0 n1 ! rem>ks n[ submitt$ = _! consid]ation1 ) e feel+ ( _! imp]fections & necess>ily sket*y "*1 w n1 x is ?\ght1 be )\t int]e/4 ,:ile deal+ ) ! applications ( sci5ce to ! economic purposes ( life1 x 0 ?\ght t a /ep beyond ?is m]e utilit>ian purpose might be all[$1 & t ! /udies ( ! natural philosoph] might be made to m9i/] to ! 8,_s ( ,beauty1 t does consecrate ,) its own hues all t x %9es ^u ,( human ?\ght or =m40 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! essays 7 produc$ tw5ty-f\r ye>s s9ce4 ,!y 7 writt5 to s]ve a special purpose--! subject ( art manufacture2 be+1 9 #ahdh1 "o :i* 0 engag+ g5]al att5tion4 ,) a few v]bal corrections ! essays rema9 9 ! condition 9 :i* !y 7 fir/ publi%$4 ,!y indicate1 h[ev]--& !y aim at no?+ m--) suffici5t cle>ness1 a s\rce f :i* ! +5i\s arti/ might multiply 8 =ms = ornam5tation4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty-f\r ye>s ! sci5ce ( geology has a*iev$ wond]s1 & ! cab9ets ( ! palontologi/ h be5 cr[d$ ) ! mo/ beautiful =ms ( organic creation4 ,if !n !re exi/$ a /ore ( *oice & r>e =ms1 ^! are multipli$ by ?\s&s n[4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,virtue ,,& ,,co41 ,,city ,,road1 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,virtue ,,& ,,co4',s ,,new ,,books4 ,,season #ahgb-c4 ,,our ,,briti% ,,l&scape ,,pa9t]s1 ,,f ,,samuel ,,scott ,,to ,,david ,,cox4 ,) a ,prelim9>y ,essay & ,biographical ,notices by ,,william ,b4 ,,scott1 au?or ( 8,half-h\r ,lectures on ,art10 8,! ,briti% ,s*ool ( ,sculpture10 c41 c4 ,illu/rat$ by ,sixte5 ,/eel ,engrav+s4 ,l>ge royal #dto1 elegantly b\nd1 #bas4 ,,pictures ,,by ,,william ,,mulready1 ,r4,a4 ,) ,descriptive ,lett]press & a ,biographical ,sket* ( ! ,pa9t] by ,,james ,,daf=ne4 ,illu/rat$ by ,n9e ,/eel ,engrav+s4 ,l>ge royal #dto1 elegantly b\nd1 #aes4 ,,art-,,/udies ,,f ,,nature1 ,,z ,,appli$ ,,to ,,design4 ,= ! ,use ( ,ar*itects1 ,design]s1 & ,manufactur]s4 ,9 "o volume1 small #dto1 ext5sively illu/rat$ ) ,woodcuts1 #abs4 ,i4--,,! ,,adaptability ,,( ,,our ,,native ,,plants ,,to ,,! ,,purposes ,,( ,,ornam5tal ,,art4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,ii4--,,seawe$s ,,z ,,objects ,,( ,,design4 ,by ,s4 ,j4 ,,mackie1 ,esq41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,cry/als ,,( ,,sn[ ,,z ,,appli$ ,,to ,,! ,,purposes ,,( ,,design4 ,by ,,james ,,glai%]1 ,esq41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,iv4--,,symmetrical ,,& ,,ornam5tal ,,=ms ,,( ,,organic ,,rema9s4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,hunt1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,homes1 ,,works1 ,,& ,,%r9es ,,( ,,engli% ,,arti/s1 ,,) ,,specim5s ,,( ,,_! ,,/yles4 ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,,fairholt1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,small #dto1 ) num]\s ,engrav+s on ,wood1 #abs4 ,,sc5es ,,& ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,cutts1 ,b4,a41 late ,hon4 ,sec4 ( ! ,essex ,ar*ological ,society4 ,small #dto1 ) #ahe ,engrav+s on ,wood1 #abs4 ,,k+s ,,bee*es3 ,,/ories ,,( ,,old ,,*ums4 ,a ,book = ,boys4 ,by ,,/eph5 ,j4 ,,mck5na1 ,au?or ( 8,(f ,p>ade10 c41 c4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ) eight ,plates1 clo? extra1 gilt1 #es4 ,,/ories ,,f ,,engli% ,,hi/ory ,,dur+ ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4 ,by ,,m>ia ,,hack1 ,au?or ( 8,w9t] ,ev5+s10 c41 c4 ,revis$ by ,,david ,,murray ,,smi?1 ,au?or ( 8,k>l ( ! ,locket10 c4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ) ,eight ,illu/rations1 clo?1 full gilt1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,burnet',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,8 ,,own ,,"t4 ,/ud5t's ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ) ,eight ,illu/rations1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,leslie ,,& ,,maclise4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,s*ool ,,( ,,pa9t+2 ,specim5s ( ! ,works ( our mo/ ,fam\s ,arti/s4 ,) ,descriptive & ,biographical ,notices by ,,james ,,daf=ne4 ,l>ge royal #dto4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,tw5ty ,engrav+s on ,/eel4 ,elegantly b\nd1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,s*ool ,,( ,,sculpture1 ,illu/rat$ by ,tw5ty ,engrav+s on ,/eel & ,fifty ,woodcuts4 ,) a ,prelim9>y ,essay & ,notices ( ! ,arti/s4 ,by ,,william ,b4 ,,scott1 ,au?or ( 8,our ,briti% ,l&scape ,pa9t]s10 8,life ( ,alb]t ,dr]10 c4 ,l>ge royal #dto4 ,a ,,new ,,edition4 ,h&somely b\nd1 #bas4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,rec5t ,,& ,,exi/+ ,,comm]ce1 ,f ! ye> #aghi-ahgb1 %[+ ! ,developm5t ( ,indu/ry at ,home & ,abroad dur+ ! ,cont95tal ,sy/em1 ! ,protectioni/ ,policy1 & ! ,era ( ,free ,trade4 ,by ,,john ,,yeats1 ,,ll4,d41 c4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #es4 ,?is =ms ,volume ,,iv4 ( 8,! ,hi/ory ( ,comm]ce10 & completes ! "w4 ,! o!r volumes are3-- ,i4--,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,raw ,,mat]ials ,,( ,,comm]ce4 ,compris+ ,! ,comm]cial ,products ( ! ,vegetable ,k+dom2 ,ditto ( ,! ,animal ,k+dom2 ,raw & ,m9]al ,produce2 & an ,app5dix1 conta9+ a ,copi\s ,li/ ( ,comm]cial ,t]ms1 & _! ,synonyms 9 sev]al ,languages4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,second ,edition1 ) ,*>t1 #es4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,te*nical ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,comm]ce2 or1 ,skill$ ,lab\r ,appli$ to ,production4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ) ,*>t1 #es4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,gr[? ,,& ,,vicissitudes ,,( ,,comm]ce1 f ,b4,c4 #aejj to ,a4,d4 #aghi4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ) ,*>t1 #es4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,works ,,rec5tly ,,publi%$1 ,,homes1 ,,haunts1 ,,& ,,works ,,( ,,rub5s1 ,,v&yck1 ,,rembr&t1 & ,,cuyp2 ( ! ,,dut* ,,g5re ,,pa9t]s2 & ( ,,mi*ael ,,angelo & ,,raffaelle4 ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,,fairholt1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,small #dto1 ) #acc ,woodcut ,illu/rations1 elegantly b\nd1 #abs4 ,,rambles ,,( ,,an ,,ar*,,ologi/ ,,among ,,old ,,books ,,& ,,9 ,,old ,,places2 be+ ,pap]s on ,art1 9 relation to ,ar*ology1 ,pa9t+1 ,art-,decoration1 & ,art-,manufacture4 ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,,fairholt1 ,f4,s4,a41 small #dto1 ) #bei ,wood ,engrav+s1 elegantly b\nd1 #abs4 ,,life ,,( ,,our ,,bless$ ,,"l ,,& ,,savi\r ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,fleetwood1 ,d4,d4 ,new ,edition1 complete 9 "o vol41 po/ #hvo1 ) ,eight full-page ,illu/rations1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,foxe',s ,,book ,,( ,,m>tyrs4 ,be+ a ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian ,m>tyrdom f ! ,e>lie/ ,times4 ,c>efully revis$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,crombie1 ,m4,a4 ,po/ #hvo1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,burnet',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,re=mation4 ,,abridg$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or = ! ,use ( ,/ud5ts4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,byron',s ,,songs1 ,,n[ ,,fir/ ,,collect$ ,,9 ,a ,,sep>ate ,,volume4 ,illu/rat$ ) a ,/eel ,engrav+ ( ,,*alon',s 8,,maid ,,( ,,a!ns40 ,elegantly pr9t$1 ) ,woodcut ,head-pieces & ,vignettes by ,k5ny ,mead[s & o!rs4 ,9 squ>e sup]-royal #afmo1 elegantly b\nd1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,%aksp]e',s ,,songs1 ,select$ f 8 ,poems & ,plays4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,complete ,,collection 9 a ,s+le ,volume4 ,illu/rat$ ) a ,/eel ,engrav+ ( ! ,,*&os ,,portrait4 ,elegantly pr9t$1 ) ,woodcut ,headpieces & ,vignettes by ,k5ny ,mead[s & o!rs4 ,9 squ>e sup]-royal #afmo1 elegantly b\nd1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,curiosities ,,( ,,! ,,pulpit ,,& ,,pulpit ,,lit]ature4 ,memorabilia1 ,anecdotes1 c41 ( ,celebrat$ ,prea*]s1 f ! ,f\r? ,c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era to ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,by ,,?omas ,,jackson1 ,m4,a41 ,preb5d>y ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 & ,rector ( ,/oke ,new+ton1 ,london4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,life',s ,,motto4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,,pelham ,,dale1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$ by ,biographical ,examples4 ,) a ,frontispiece by ,j4 ,d4 ,watson4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,/4 ,augu/9e--,/4 ,b]n>d--,john ,wesley--,john ,newton--,*>les ,simeon--,h5ry ,kirke ,:ite--,h5ry ,m>tyn1 & ,fr$]ick ,mack5zie4 ,,wat*]s ,,= ,,! ,,dawn1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,/udies ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,"*4 ,by ,mrs4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,lloyd4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,james ,godw91 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,pa? ,,on ,,e>? ,,to ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,heav54 ,essays ( ,c\nsel & ,enc\ragem5t = ! ,*ri/ian ,life ( ! ,pres5t ,day4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,fr$]ick ,,arnold1 ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d4 ,) a ,frontispiece4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress4 ,by ,,john ,,bunyan4 ,) ,twelve ,illu/rations by ,c4 ,a4 ,doyle1 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,vic> ,,( ,,wakefield4 ,by ,,oliv] ,,goldsmi?4 ,) ,twelve ,full-page ,illu/rations1 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,s&=d ,,& ,,m]ton4 ,by ,,?omas ,,day4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 ) ,illu/rations1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,holiday ,,adv5tures2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,/rettons' ,,summ] ,,9 ,,norm&y4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,james ,,gambi]4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,*>les ,altamont ,doyle1 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,^! ,adv5tures are f\nd$ ^u ,fact4 ,,! ,,/> ,,( ,,hope ,,& ,,! ,,/aff ,,( ,,duty4 ,,tales ,,( ,,womanly ,,trials ,,& ,,victories4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,julian ,port*1 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,aunt ,,agnes2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,:y ,,& ,,! ,,:]e=e ,,( ,,life4 ,an ,autobiography4 ,by a ,,cl]gyman',s ,,daught]4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,keeley ,halswelle4 ,pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a /ory replete ) incid5t & "*4 ,,pictures ,,( ,,h]oes1 ,,& ,,lessons ,,f ,,_! ,,lives4 ,by ,mrs4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,lloyd1 ,au?or ( 8,wat*]s = ! ,dawn10 c4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,c4 ,a4 ,doyle1 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,sea ,,& ,,h] ,,fam\s ,,sailors4 ,by ,,frank ,b4 ,,goodri*4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations1 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,busy ,,hives ,,ar\nd ,,u4 ,a ,v>iety ( ,trips & ,visits to ! ,m9e1 ! ,work%op1 & ! ,factory4 ,) ,popul> ,notes on ,mat]ials1 ,processes1 & ,ma*9es4 ,) ,sev5 ,illu/rations1 by ,william ,h>vey & o!rs1 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,adv5tures ,,9 ,,! ,,ice4 ,a ,compreh5sive ,summ>y ( ,arctic ,exploration1 ,discov]y1 & ,adv5ture1 includ+ ,exp]i5ces ( ,,capta9 ,,p5ny1 ! ,vet]an ,:al]1 n[ fir/ publi%$4 ,by ,,john ,,tillotson4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ) ,portraits ( ,sir ,john ,frankl9--,capta9 ,p5ny--,dr4 ,eli%a ,k5t ,kane--,dr4 ,isaac ,i4 ,hayes--& ,f\rte5 o!r ,illu/rations1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,pione]s ,,( ,,civilisation4 ,by ! ,au?or ( 8,lives ( ,em95t ,m510 c4 ,) ,portraits ( ,dr4 ,liv+/one--,capta9 ,clapp]ton--,william ,p5n--,capta9 ,cook--,"l ,rob]t ,clive--,capta9 ,fl9d]s--,rev4 ,h5ry ,m>tyn--& ,t5 o!r ,page ,illu/rations4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,m5 ,,:o ,,h ,,ris54 ,a ,,book ,,= ,,boys4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,*>les ,a4 ,doyle4 ,pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a boy c h>dly fail to be ! bett] = p]us+ ! graphic /ones ( ! rise ( ! ,peel family1 & ! /ruggles ( su* m5 z ,hugh ,mill]1 ,wilson ! orni?ologi/1 ,smeaton ! eng9e]1 & ,/eph5son ! railway pione]4 ,,small ,,beg9n+s2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,way ,,to ,,get ,,on4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations1 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,/eady ,,aim4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,examples ,,& ,,enc\ragem5ts4 ,f ,mod]n ,biography4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams1 ,au?or ( 8,fam\s ,regim5ts ( ! ,briti% ,army10 c4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,c4 ,a4 ,doyle1 pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,fam\s ,,london ,,m]*ants4 ,) ,life-,portraits ( ,george ,peabody--,sir ,ri*>d ,:itt+ton--,sir ,?omas ,gre%am--,sir ,hugh ,myddelton--,sir ,josiah ,*ild--,pat]son1 ,f\nd] ( ! ,bank ( ,engl&--,c\tts1 ! ,bank]--& ,sev5te5 o!r ,illu/rations4 ,by ,h4 ,r4 ,,fox ,,b\rne1 ,au?or ( 8,m]*ant ,pr9ces ( ,engl&10 c4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,wom5 ,,( ,,wor?4 ,a ,,book ,,= ,,girls4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,william ,dickes4 ,pr9t$ on ,ton$ ,pap]4 ,small cr[n #hvo1 elegantly b\nd1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! 8,wom5 ( ,wor?0 select$ include ,*>lotte ,bront1 ,elizabe? ,fry1 ,lady ,russell1 ,lady ,hut*9son1 ! ,lady ,jane ,grey1 ! ,empress ,m>ia ,!resa1 & ,c>ol9e ,h]s*el4 ,,! ,,habits ,,( ,,good ,,society4 ,a ,,h&book ,,( ,,etiquette = ,ladies & ,g5tlem54 ,) ,?\ghts1 ,h9ts1 & ,anecdotes conc]n+ ,social ,obs]vances1 ,nice ,po9ts ( ,ta/e & ,good ,mann]s1 & ! ,art ( mak+ ,"o's self agreeable4 ,! :ole int]sp]s$ ) humor\s ,illu/rations ( ,social ,pr$icam5ts1 ,rem>ks on ! ,hi/ory & ,*anges ( ,fa%ion1 & ! ,diff]5ces ( ,engli% & ,cont95tal ,etiquette4 7,frontispiece47 ,small cr[n #hvo1 9 elegant b9d+1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! unanim\s op9ion ( ! press has pron\nc$ ?is accurate1 racy1 & elegant volume ! mo/ complete & tru/wor?y ( all books ^u ,social ,etiquette4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,j ,,publi%$4 ,,! ,,f9e ,,art ,,annual1 ,,9 ,,m$ium #dto1 ,,price #bs4 ,,conta9+ ,?ree ,/eel ,plates & m ?an ,?irty ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,,messrs4 ,,virtue ,,co4 h ! pleasure to ann\nce t !y h det]m9$1 9 compliance ) ! sugge/ions & wi%es ( _m fri5ds1 to und]take ! publication ( a ,,f9e ,,art ,,annual4 ,! object t ! publi%]s h 9 view is to br+ be=e ! public a ,,*ri/mas ,,annual wor?y 9 e way ( a place ^u ! ,draw+-room ,table1 & also ( a place 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o frequ5t ! ,draw+-room4 ,! ,,f9e ,,art ,,annual w conta9 ,?ree ,/eel ,plates & m ?an ,?irty ,wood ,engrav+s1 9 illu/ration ( a c>eful selection ( ,/ories1 ,sket*es1 ,poems1 & ,essays1 made ) a view to contribut+1 9 m ways ?an "o1 to ! pleasure ( ! ,*ri/mas ,season4 ,a h&some ,,cal5d>1 =m+ a record ( facts relat+ to ,lit]ature & ,art1 w accompany ! ,annual4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,preamble4 ,by ! ,,editor4 ,) ,two ,illu/rations4 ,/ory4--,,cissie',s ,,com+ ,,home4 ,by ! ,au?or ( 8,! ,blacksmi? ( ,holsby10 8,sp5s]'s ,wife10 c41 c4 ,) ,f\r ,illu/rations4 ,poem4--,,mammy',s ,,a9 ,,bairn4 ,by ,,mat?ias ,,b>r4 ,) an ,illu/ration4 ,sket*4--,,pick$ ,,up ,,on ,,! ,,coa/3 ,a ,,little ,,picture ,,9 ,,words4 ,by an ,obscure ,arti/4 ,) ,two ,illu/rations4 ,/ory4--,,uncle ,,ar*ie',s ,,bankruptcy3 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,ye>',s ,,probation4 ,by ! ,au?or ( 8,8 by ,"r10 8,john ,heske?'s ,*>ge10 c41 c4 ,) ,two ,illu/rations4 ,humor\s ,poem4--,,my ,,s*oolfell[s4 ,by ,j4 ,d4 ,p4 ,essay4--,,"s ,,moonlight ,,reflections--,,( ,,trees1 ,,/eeples1 ,,& ,,m54 ,a ,,rigm>ole4 ,by ,,saw] ,,krawt1 ,au?or ( a ,consid]able ,quantity ( ,unpubli%$ ,,mss4 ,) ,?ree ,illu/rations4 ,poem4--,,night ,,adv5ture4 ,by ,j4 ,d4 ,p4 ,/ory4--,,true ,,/ory ,,( ,,c9d]ella--,,)\t ,,! ,,glass ,,slipp]4 ,by ,g4 ,j4 ,,proctor4 ,) ,two ,illu/rations4 ,poem4--,a ,,vision ,,( ,,toys4 ,by ,,a/ley ,h4 ,,baldw94 ,) an ,illu/ration4 ,sket*4--,a ,,m]rie ,,*ri/mas3 ,a ,,v ,,small-,,be] ,,*ronicle ,,= ,,! ,,y\ng/]s4 ,by an ,,eld] ,,bro!r4 ,) ,two ,illu/rations4 ,,! ,,cal5d>1 compris$ )9 ,,twelve pages1 ) beautifully design$ & engrav$ ,bord]s1 illu/rat+ ! ,mon?s4 ,,virtue ,,co41 #bf1 ,,ivy ,,lane1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,e4,c4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,= draw+s ( ! anemone see ,s4 ,b4 #hg1 ,e4 ,b4 #aa1 & ,p4 ,f4 #ff4 ,b ,see ,dr4 ,hook] 8,on ! ,vegetation ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ,p]iod10 ,memoirs ( ! ,geological ,survey ( ,great ,brita91 c41 vol4 ii4