,,:at ,,nietzs*e ,,taught ,by ,,will>d ,,hunt+ton ,,wright ,i am writ+ = a race ( m5 :i* does n yet exi/3 = ! lords ( ! e>?4 ,! ,w to ,p[] ,,new ,,york ,b4 ,w4 ,,huebs* #aiae ,,to ,h4 ,l4 ,,m5ck5 ! critic :o has giv5 ! greate/ impetus to ! /udy ( ,nietzs*e 9 ,am]ica ,,cont5ts ,,portrait ,,bu/ ,,( ,,nietzs*e ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,k>l ,,donndorf1 ,,/uttg>t ,frontispiece ,,introduction ,i ,,biographical ,,sket* ,,ii ,,human1 ,,all-,,too-,,human1 ,,vols4 ,i ,,& ,,ii ,,iii ,,! ,,dawn ,,( ,,day ,,iv ,,! ,,joyful ,,wisdom ,v ,,?us ,,spake ,,z>a?u/ra ,,vi ,,! ,,et]nal ,,recurr5ce ,,vii ,,beyond ,,good ,,& ,,evil ,,viii ,,! ,,g5ealogy ,,( ,,morals ,,ix ,,! ,,twilight ,,( ,,! ,,idols ,x ,,! ,,anti*ri/ ,,xi ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[]1 ,,vol4 ,i ,,xii ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[]1 ,,vol4 ,,ii ,,bibliography ,,introduction ,x is no long] possible to ignore ! tea*+s ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e1 or to consid] ! tr5d ( mod]n ?\ght )\t giv+ ! philosoph] ( ! sup]man a prom95t place 9 ! li/ ( ?9k]s :o contribut$ to ! /ore ( pres5t-day k4 ,8 p[]ful & ru?less m9d has _h an influ5ce on contempor>y ?\ght :i* ev5 n[1 9 ! face ( all ! s*ol>ly books ( appreciation he has call$ =?1 "o is incl9$ to und]e/imate4 ,no philosoph] s9ce ,kant has left s und5iable an impr9t on mod]n ?\ght4 ,ev5 ,s*op5hau]1 ^: influ5ce col\r$ ! great] "p ( ,europe1 made no su* widespread impression4 ,nietzs*e has p5etrat$ into bo? ,engl& & ,am]ica1 two c\ntries /rangely imp]vi\s to rigor\s philosophic ideals4 ,n only 9 e?ics & lit]ature d we f9d ! m\ld+ h& ( ,nietzs*e at "w1 invigorat+ & solidify+2 b 9 p$agogics & 9 art1 9 politics & religion1 ! influ5ce ( 8 doctr9es is to be enc\nt]$4 ,! books & essays 9 ,g]man elucidat+ 8 philosophy con/itute a m9iature libr>y4 ,ne>ly z _m books & articles h appe>$ 9 ,france1 & ! li/ ( au?ors ( ^! appreciations include _m ( ! mo/ not$ mod]n s*ol>s4 ,spa9 & ,italy1 likewise1 h contribut$ works to an inquiry into 8 tea*+s2 & 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica num]\s volumes deal+ ) ! philosophy ( ! sup]man h appe>$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,9 ,m4 ,a4 ,mgge's excell5t biography1 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e3 ,8 ,life & ,"w1 !re is app5d$ a bibliography conta9+ #hej titles1 & ?is li/ by no means includes all ! books & articles devot$ to a consid]ation ( ?is philosoph]'s doctr9es4 ,9 ?is reg>d "o %\ld note t ?is int]e/ is n ! result ( a tempor>y popul>ity1 su* z t :i* has met ! philosophical pieties ( ,h5ri ,b]gson4 ,to ! contr>y1 ,nietzs*e's r5[n is ga9+ gr\nd daily among s]i\s-m9d$ s*ol>s1 & 8 adh]5ts h already rea*$ ! dim5sions ( a small army4 ,b despite ?is appreciation !re is /ill curr5t an enorm\s am\nt ( ignorance conc]n+ 8 tea*+s4 ,! v mann] 9 :i* he wrote t5d$ to br+ ab\t misund]/&+s4 ,view$ casually & )\t /udi\s consid]ation1 8 books (f] _m app>5t contradictions4 ,8 /yle1 always elliptic & aphori/ic1 l5ds itself easily to quotation1 & because ( ! />tl+ & revolution>y nature ( 8 utt]ances1 _m exc]pts f 8 e>li] works 7 widely circulat$ ?r\gh ! m$iums ( magaz9es & newspap]s4 ,^! quotations1 robb$ ( _! context1 v (t5 gave rise to immature & errone\s judgm5ts1 ) ! result t ! true mean+ ( 8 philosophy 0 (t5 turn$ into false *annels4 ,_m ( 8 be/-kn[n aphorisms h tak5 on /range & une>?ly mean+s1 & (t5 ! rev]se ( 8 gospel has ga9$ curr5cy & masqu]ad$ z ! orig9al canon4 ,to a great ext5t ?is misund]/&+ has be5 unavoidable4 ,sy/ematis]s1 ev] eag] to b5d a philosoph]'s /atem5ts to _! own ends1 h f\nd 9 ,nietzs*e's writ+s mu* mat]ial :i*1 :5 c>efully isolat$1 sub/antiat$ _! own conclusions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,*ri/ian morali/s1 s5s+ 9 ,nietzs*e a p[]ful & effective oppon5t1 h attempt$ to disqualify 8 e?ical sy/em by pres5t+ g>bl$ portions ( 8 attacks on ,*ri/ianity1 omitt+ all ! qualify+ passages4 ,x is impossible1 h[ev]1 to und]/& any ( ,nietzs*e's doctr9es unless we consid] !m 9 _! relation to ! :ole ( 8 tea*+s4 ,contr>y to ! g5]al belief1 ,nietzs*e 0 n simply a de/ructive critic & a =mulator ( impossible & romantic concepts4 ,8 doctr9e ( ! sup]man1 :i* seems to be ! pr9cipal /umbl+ block 9 ! way ( a rationali/ic int]pretation ( 8 philosophy1 is no vague dream unrelat$ to pres5t humanity4 ,nor 0 8 *ief conc]n ) future g5]ations4 ,nietzs*e devot$ 8 rese>* to imm$iate conditions & to ! orig9 ( ^? conditions4 ,&--:at is ( great] importance--he left beh9d him a v positive & consi/5t sy/em ( e?ics--a workable & entirely compreh5sible code ( conduct to meet pres5t-day ne$s4 ,?is sy/em 0 n =mulat$ ) ! precision :i* no d\bt w\ld h atta*$ to x 9 its f9al =m _h he be5 able to complete ! plans he _h outl9$4 ,yet !re are few po9ts 9 8 code ( e?ics--& !y are ( m9or importance--:i* _c be f\nd1 cle>ly conceiv$ & concisely /at$1 9 ! ma9 body ( 8 works4 ,?is sy/em ( conduct embraces e /age ( society2 & = ! rul]s to-day--! p = :om ,nietzs*e directly voic$ 8 tea*+s--he outl9es a me?od ( out] conduct & a set ( inn] ideals :i* meet ) e mod]n condition4 ,8 propos$ e?ical r\t9e is n bas$ on ab/ract reason+ & speculative conclusions4 ,x is a practical code :i* has its f\ndation implant$ 9 ! dom9at+ in/9cts ( ! organic & inorganic _w4 ,x is directly oppos$ to ! prevail+ code1 & has = its ideal ! fulness ( life itself--life int5sifi$ to ! highe/ degree1 life *>g$ ) a maximum ( beauty1 p[]1 en?usiasm1 virility1 weal? & intoxication4 ,x is ! code ( /r5g? & c\rage4 ,its goal is a race :i* w possess ! h>di] virtues ( /r5g?1 confid5ce1 exub]ance & affirmation4 ,?is ideal has be5 ! s\rce ( _m misund]/&+s1 & x is ! errors :i* h aris5 f ! vici\s & inept dissem9ation ( 8 tea*+s1 t ,i h /riv5 to rectify 9 ! pres5t book4 ,i h hop$ to accompli% ?is by pres5t+ ! :ole ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy1 z f> z possible1 9 8 own words4 ,?is has n be5 s difficult a matt]4 ,8 writ+s1 m ?an ^? ( any o!r mod]n philosoph]1 (f] opportunities = su* treatm5t4 ,!re is no po9t 9 8 entire sy/em n susceptible to brief & cle> quotation4 ,fur!rmore1 8 ?\ght develop$ consi/5tly & logically 9 /raight-away1 *ronological ord]1 s t at ! conclusion ( ea* book we f9d ourselves j s mu* fur!r along ! r\te ( 8 ?9k+4 ,beg9n+ ) ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 8 fir/ de/ructive volume1 we c trace ! gradual & concise pyramid+ ( 8 tea*+s1 d[n to ! la/ /atem5t ( 8 c>d9al doctr9e ( w z set =? 9 ! notes :i* comprise ! second volume ( ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,ea* "o ( ! int]v5+ books embodies new mat]ial3 x is a di/9ct1 yet co-ord9at$1 division 9 ! great /ructure ( 8 life's "w4 ,^! books ov]lap "o ano!r 9 _m in/ances1 & develop po9ts rais$ speculatively 9 =m] books1 b !y organise ea* o!r & lead "o surely1 if at times circuit\sly1 to ! cr[n+ doctr9es ( 8 ?\ght4 ,! majority ( critics h *os5 to sy/ematise ,nietzs*e's tea*+s by sep>at+ ! ideas 9 8 diff]5t books1 & by draw+ toge!r "u specific captions 7su* z religion1 ! /ate1 education1 etc417 all ! scatt]$ mat]ial :i* relates to ^! diff]5t subjects4 ,9 _m cases !y h succe$$ 9 (f]+ a v coh]5t & consi/5t rsum ( 8 ?\ght4 ,b ,nietzs*e's doctr9es 7 inh]5tly oppos$ to su* arbitr>y divid+ & arrang+1 because b5ea? ! v>i\s sociological po9ts :i* fell "u 8 consid]ation1 7 two or ?ree g5]al motivat+ pr9ciples :i* unifi$ ! :ole ( 8 ?\ght4 ,he did n "w f mod]n in/itutions back to 8 doctr9es2 b1 by analys+ ! conditions out ( :i* ^! in/itutions grew1 he arriv$ at ! conclusions :i* he aft]w>d us$ 9 =mulat+ new me?ods ( op]ation4 ,x 0 ! *ange 9 conditions & ne$s betwe5 anci5t & mod]n times t made him voice ! necessity ( *ange betwe5 anci5t & mod]n in/itutions4 ,9 o!r words1 8 advocacy ( new me?ods = deal+ ) mod]n affairs 0 evolv$ f 8 rese>*es into ! orig9 & hi/ory ( curr5t me?ods4 ,= in/ance1 8 rem>ks on religion1 society1 ! /ate1 ! individual1 etc41 7 ! outcome ( fundam5tal po/ulates :i* he describ$ & elucidat$ 9 t]ms ( human in/itutions4 ,!re=e an attempt to rea* an explanation ( ! basic doctr9es ( 8 philosophy ?r\gh 8 appli$ tea*+s unconsci\sly gives rise to ! v errors :i* ! s]i\s critics h s\ght to ov]come3 ?is me?od focuses att5tion on ! application ( 8 doctr9es r ?an on ! doctr9es !mselves4 ,!re=e ,i h tak5 8 writ+s *ronologically1 beg9n+ ) 8 fir/ purely philosophical "w--,human1 ,all-,too-,human--& h set d[n1 9 8 own words1 e important conclusion ?r\gh\t 8 entire works4 ,9 ?is way "o may foll[ ,nietzs*e ?r\gh\t e /ep 9 ! developm5t ( 8 tea*+s--n only 9 8 ab/ract !ories b also 9 8 application ( !m4 ,!re is n a s+le important po9t 9 ! entire sweep ( 8 ?\ght n conta9$ 9 ^! pages4 ,naturally ,i h be5 unable to give any ( ! argum5ts :i* l$ to ^! conclusions4 ,! quotations are 9 e in/ance no long] ?an has be5 necess>y to make cle> ! idea3 = ! processes ( ?\ght by :i* ^! conclusions 7 rea*$ ! read] mu/ g direct to ! books f :i* ! exc]pts are made4 ,also ,i h omitt$ ,nietzs*e's brilliant analogies & su* desultory critical judgm5ts1 lit]>y & arti/ic1 z h no direct be>+ on 8 philosophy2 & h cont5t$ myself ) sett+ d[n only ^? b>e1 unelaborat$ utt]ances :i* embody ! positive po9ts 9 8 ?\ght4 ,by ?us lett+ ,nietzs*e himself /ate 8 doctr9es ,i h attempt$ to make x impossible = anybody :o goes c>efully ?r\gh ^! pages to misund]/& ^? po9ts :i* n[ seem cl\d$ 9 error4 ,9 ord] to facilitate fur!r ! rese>* ( ! /ud5t & to make cle> c]ta9 ( ! m obscure selections1 ,i h prec$$ ea* *apt] ) a %ort acc\nt ( ! book & its cont5ts4 ,9 ^! brief essays1 ,i h review$ ! entire cont5ts ( ea* book1 set d[n ! circum/ances "u :i* x 0 writt51 & attempt$ to weigh its individual importance 9 relation to ! o!rs4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i h attempt$ to /ate briefly c]ta9 ( ! doctr9es :i* did n p]mit ( entirely self-explanatory quotation4 ,& :]e ,nietzs*e indulg$ 9 rese>*1 su* z 9 trac+ ! orig9 ( c]ta9 motives1 or 9 expla9+ ! /eps :i* l$ to ! acceptance ( c]ta9 doctr9es1 ,i h includ$ 9 ^! essays an abridg$ exposition ( 8 !ories4 ,9 %ort1 ,i h embodi$ 9 ea* *apt] su* critical mat]ial z ,i ?\ght w\ld assi/ ! read] to a cle> und]/&+ ( ea* book's cont5ts & relative significance4 ,?is book is frankly = ! beg9n]--= ! /ud5t :o desires a survey ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy be=e ent]+ ^u a clos] & m c>eful /udy ( x4 ,9 ?is respect x is meant also z a guide2 & ,i h giv5 ! exact location ( e quotation s t ! read] may ref] at once to ! ma9 body ( ,nietzs*e's works & asc]ta9 ! premises & syllogisms :i* und]lie ! quot$ conclusion4 ,9 ! op5+ biographical sket* ,i h refra9$ f go+ into ,nietzs*e's p]sonality & "*1 adh]+ ?r\gh\t to ! ext]nal facts ( 8 life4 ,8 p]sonality w be f\nd 9 ! racy1 vigor\s & /imulat+ utt]ances ,i h *os5 = quotation1 & no comm5ts ( m9e c\ld add col\r to ! impression ?us receiv$4 ,x is difficult to divorce ,nietzs*e f 8 "w3 ! man & 8 tea*+s are insep>able4 ,8 /yle1 z well z 8 philosophy1 is a direct outgr[? ( 8 p]sonality4 ,?is is :y 8 gospel is s p]sonal & intimate a "o1 & s closely b\nd up 9 ! in/9cts ( humanity4 ,!re are sev]al good biographies ( ,nietzs*e 9 exi/5ce1 & a brief acc\nt ( ! be/ ones 9 ,engli% w be f\nd 9 ! bibliography at ! end ( ?is volume4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t ?is book is int5d$ z a f9al1 or ev5 complete1 comm5t>y on ,nietzs*e's doctr9es4 ,x 0 writt5 & compil$ = ! purpose ( supply+ an introductory /udy1 &1 ) t end 9 view1 ,i h refra9$ f all te*nical or purely philosophical nom5clature4 ,! object ?r\gh\t has be5 to /imulate ! read] to fur!r /udy1 & if ?is book does n s5d ! read] soon] or lat] to ! orig9al volumes f :i* ^! quotations h be5 made1 ,i %all feel t ,i h fail$ some:at 9 my ent]prise4 ,! volumes ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy f :i* ! quotations 9 ?is book are tak51 comprise ! fir/ complete & au?oris$ edition ( ! works ( ,nietzs*e 9 ,engli%4 ,to ! c\rage\s en]gy ( ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy d we owe ! fact t ,nietzs*e's entire writ+s are n[ obta9able 9 ,engli%4 ,! translations ( ^! books h1 9 e in/ance1 be5 made by compet5t s*ol>s1 & ea* volume is introduc$ by an illum9at+ preface4 ,z ?is edition n[ /&s1 x is ! mo/ complete & volum9\s translation ( any =eign philosoph] 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,! edition is 9 eighte5 volumes1 & is publi%$ 9 ,engl& by ,t4 ,n4 ,f\lis1 & 9 ,am]ica by ! ,macmillan ,company4 ,! volumes & _! cont5ts are giv5 bel[4 ,i4 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 translat$ by ,william ,a4 ,haussmann1 ,b4,a41 ,ph4,d41 ) a biographical introduction by ! au?or's si/]2 a portrait ( ,nietzs*e1 & a facsimile ( 8 manuscript4 ,,ii4 ,e>ly ,greek ,philosophy & ,o!r ,essays1 translat$ by ,maximilian ,a4 ,mgge1 ,ph4,d4 ,cont5ts3 ,! ,greek ,/ate1 ,! ,greek ,woman1 ,on ,music & ,words1 ,hom]'s ,conte/1 ,! ,relation ( ,s*op5hau]'s ,philosophy to a ,g]man ,culture1 ,philosophy ,dur+ ! ,tragic ,age ( ! ,greeks & ,on ,tru? & ,falsity 9 ,_! ,ultramoral ,s5se4 ,,iii4 ,! ,future ( ,our ,educational ,in/itutions1 translat$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y4 ,besides ! titul> essay1 ?is volume conta9s ,hom] & ,classical ,philology4 ,,iv4 ,?\ghts ,out ( ,season1 ,vol4 ,i41 translat$ by ,an?ony ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,cont5ts3 ,david ,/rauss1 ! ,confessor & ! ,writ] & ,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu?4 ,v4 ,?\ghts ,out ( ,season1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 translat$ ) introduction by ,adrian ,coll9s1 ,m4,a4 ,cont5ts3 ,! ,use & ,abuse ( ,hi/ory & ,s*op5hau] z ,educator4 ,,vi4 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 ,vol4 ,i41 translat$ by ,hel5 ,zimm]n1 ) introduction by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y4 ,,vii4 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 ,vol4 ,,il1 translat$1 ) introduction1 by ,paul ,v4 ,cohn1 ,b4,a4 ,,viii4 ,! ,case ( ,wagn]1 translat$ by ,an?ony ,m4 ,ludovici & ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y1 ) introductions by ! translators4 ,cont5ts3 ,! ,case ( ,wagn]1 ,nietz*e contra ,wagn]1 ,select$ ,aphorisms & ,we ,philologi/s4 ,,ix4 ,! ,dawn ( ,day1 translat$1 ) introduction1 by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y4 ,x4 ,! ,joyful ,wisdom1 translat$1 ) introduction1 by ,?omas ,common4 ,! poetry :i* appe>s 9 ! app5dix "u ! caption ( ,songs ( ,pr9ce ,free-,z-,a-,bird1 is translat$ by ,paul ,v4 ,cohn & ,maude ,d4 ,petre4 ,,xi4 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 revis$ introduction by ,?omas ,common1 ) introduction by ,mrs4 ,fr/]-,nietzs*e1 & comm5t>y by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,,xii4 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 translat$ by ,hel5 ,zimm]n1 ) introduction by ,?omas ,common4 ,,xiii4 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals1 translat$ by ,horace ,b4 ,samuel1 ,m4,a41 ) introductory note4 ,p & ,c\ntries1 an add$ section to ?is book1 is translat$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y ) an editor's note by ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy4 ,,xiv4 ,! ,w to ,p[]1 ,vol4 ,i41 translat$1 ) an introduction1 by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,,xv4 ,! ,w to ,p[]1 ,vol4 ,,il1 translat$1 ) an introduction1 by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,,xvi4 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 translat$1 ) an introduction1 by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,cont5ts3 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 ,! ,anti*ri/1 ,et]nal ,recurr5ce1 & ,explanatory ,notes to ',?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra4' ,,xvii4 ,ecce ,homo1 translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,v>i\s poetry & epigrams translat$ by ,paul ,v4 ,cohn1 ,h]man ,s*effau]1 ,francis ,bickley & ,dr4 ,g4 ,t4 ,wr5*4 ,9 addition ?is volume conta9s ! music ( ,nietzs*e's ,hymn to ,life--words by ,l\ ,salom--) an introduction by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,,xviii4 ,index to ,complete ,works1 compil$ by ,rob]t ,guppy1 ) vocabul>y ( =eign quotations occurr+ 9 ! works ( ,nietzs*e translat$ by ,paul ,v4 ,cohn1 ,b4,a41 & an introductory essay1 ,! ,nietzs*e ,movem5t 9 ,engl& 7,a ,retrospect--,a ,confession--,a ,prospect71 by ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy4 ,!re are 9 ! pres5t volume no quotations f ,nietzs*e's ,ecce ,homo or f ! pamphlets deal+ ) ,wagn]4 ,! =m] "w is an autobiography :i*1 :ile x ?r[s light on bo? ,nietzs*e's "* & 8 "w1 is nev]!less outside 8 purely philosophical writ+s4 ,& ! ,wagn] docum5ts1 ?\gh int]e/+1 h little to d ) ! ,nietzs*ean doctr9es1 except z %[+ p]haps ! result ( _! application4 ,i h !re=e left !m intact = ! /ud5t :o wi%es to g m deeply into ! philosoph]'s "* ?an ,i h "h attempt$4 ,w4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,:at ,,nietzs*e ,,taught ,i ,biographical ,sket* ,nietzs*e lik$ to believe t he 0 ( ,poli% desc5t4 ,he _h a great] admiration = ! ,poles ?an = ! ,g]mans1 & w5t s f> z to in/igate an inve/igation by :i* he hop$ to prove beyond a %ad[ ( a d\bt t he 0 n only ,poli% b 0 desc5d$ f ! ,poli% nobility4 ,8 ef=ts1 8 si/] tells u1 7 n entirely successful1 al?\gh "s evid5ce 0 turn$ up :i* po9t$ to ! tru? ( ?is !ory4 ,sev]al ( ! dates 9 ! report1 h[ev]1 did n accurately tally1 & s9ce _m ( ,nietzs*e's pap]s conta9+ ! results ( 8 g5ealogical rese>* 7 lo/ 9 ,tur9 aft] 8 breakd[n1 ! hypo!sis ( 8 ,poli% desc5t consequ5tly rema9s some:at my?ical4 ,nietzs*e's !ory 0 t 8 great-great-gr&fa!r 0 a nobleman nam$ ,nicki :o fl$ f ,pol& dur+ ! religi\s w>s1 z a fugitive "u s5t5ce ( dea?1 & took ) him a "y son :o aft]w>d *ang$ 8 "n to ,nietzs*e4 ,!re is a romance 9 ?is belief :i* appeal$ /rongly to ! philosoph]4 ,he saw a g5u9e gr&eur 9 ! fact t 8 ance/or _h become a fugitive = 8 religi\s & political op9ions4 ,?is belief 9 "t became a conviction ) him1 & 9 ! lat] ye>s ( 8 life we f9d him def9itely ass]t+ ! tru? ( ?is family tradition4 ,! matt]1 h[ev]1 "o way or ! o!r1 is ( little consequ5ce1 = ,nietzs*e's m9d embodi$ univ]sal traits3 x 0 uncommonly free f di/9ctly national *>act]i/ics4 ,all ! important facts ( 8 life & ( 8 imm$iate ance/ry are kn[n to u4 ,he 0 born at ,rck51 a little village 9 ! ,prussian prov9ce ( ,saxony1 on ,octob] #ae1 #ahdd4 ,! day 0 ! anniv]s>y ( ! bir? ( ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,,iv1 ,k+ ( ,prussia1 & ,nietzs*e 0 *ri/5$ ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm 9 hon\r ( ! ev5t4 ,! co9cid5ce 0 all ! m m>k$ by ! fact t ,nietzs*e's fa!r1 ?ree ye>s previ\s1 _h be5 tutor to ! ,alt5burg ,pr9cesses1 9 :i* capacity he _h met ! sov]eign & made s fav\rable an impression t x 0 by ! royal fav\r he 0 liv+ at ,rck54 ,!re 7 two o!r *ildr5 9 ! ,nietzs*e h\sehold--a girl born 9 #ahdf1 & a son born 9 #ahej4 ,! girl 0 nam$ ,!rese ,elizabe? ,alex&ra aft] ! ,duke ( ,alt5burg's ?ree daught]s :o _h come "u h] fa!r's tutor%ip4 ,aft]w>d %e became ! philosoph]'s close/ companion & gu>dian & 8 mo/ volum9\s biograph]4 ,! boy ,joseph1 nam$ aft] ! ,duke ( ,alt5burg himself1 did n survive 8 fir/ ye>4 ,! longevity & h>d9ess :i* m>k$ ! /ock ( ,nietzs*e's ance/ors does away ) ! !ory1 (t5 advanc$1 t 8 sickness & f9al m5tal breakd[n 7 ! outcome ( h]$it>y causes4 ,out ( 8 eight great-p>5ts only two fail$ to rea* ! age ( sev5ty-five1 :ile "o rea*$ ! age ( eighty-six & ano!r did n die until n9ety4 ,bo? ( 8 gr&-fa!rs atta9$ to ! age ( sev5ty1 & 8 mat]nal gr&mo!r liv$ until %e 0 pa/ eighty-two4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,nietzs*e families = ?ree g5]ations _h be5 v l>ge & 9 e in/ance heal?y & robu/4 ,nietzs*e's gr&mo!r ,nietzs*e _h twelve *ildr51 & 8 gr&mo!r ,oehl] _h elev5 *ildr5--bo? families be+ /rong & free f sickness4 ,nietzs*e himself1 s 8 si/] tells u 9 h] biography1 0 /rong & heal?y f 8 e>lie/ *ildhood until maturity4 ,he p>ticipat$ 9 outdoor sports su* z swimm+1 skat+ & ball play+1 & 0 *>act]is$ by a ruddy complexion :i* 9 8 s*ool days (t5 call$ =? rem>ks conc]n+ 8 evid5t spl5did heal?4 ,x seems t only "o physical defect m>k$ ! :ole ( 8 y\ng] life--a myopia inh]it$ f 8 fa!r4 ,?is imp$im5t1 ?\gh slight at fir/1 became rapidly aggravat$ by ! con/ant use to :i* he put 8 eyes 9 8 s$ul\s application to /udy4 ,nietzs*e1 ! mo/ t]rible & deva/at+ critic ( ,*ri/ianity & its ideals1 0 ! culm9ation ( two long collat]al l9es ( !ologians4 ,8 gr&fa!r ,nietzs*e 0 a man ( _m s*ol>ly atta9m5ts1 :o1 because ( 8 ecclesia/ical writ+s1 _h receiv$ ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,div9ity4 ,8 second wife1 ! "m ( ,nietzs*e's fa!r1 came f a :ole family ( pa/ors by ! "n ( ,krause4 ,h] fav\rite bro!r 0 a prea*] 9 ! ,ca!dral at ,naumburg2 & ( ! o!r two "o 0 a ,doctor ( ,div9ity & "o a c\ntry cl]gyman4 ,! fa!r ( ,nietzs*e's "m 0 also a pa/or by ! "n ( ,oehl]1 & _h a p>sonage 9 ,pobles4 ,likewise ,nietzs*e's fa!r1 ,k>l-,ludwig ,nietzs*e1 0 a pa/or 9 ! ,lu!ran *ur*2 b he possess$ a great] culture ?an we are wont to associate ) ! av]age c\ntry cl]gyman1 & 0 a man look$ up to & rev]$ by all ^? :o knew him4 ,9 fact1 8 appo9tm5t to ! po/ at ,rck5 0 an expression ( appreciation paid 8 tal5ts by ! ,prussian ,k+4 ,he 0 ?irty-"o ye>s ( age & _h be5 m>ri$ only a ye> :5 8 son ,fri$ri* 0 born4 ,?\gh 9 p]fect heal?1 he 0 n de/9$ to live m ?an five ye>s aft] ?is ev5t1 = 9 #ahdh he fell d[n a flight ( /one /airs1 & di$ aft] a ye>'s invalidism1 z a result ( concussion ( ! bra94 ,! ev5t ca/ a decid$ influ5ce on ! ,nietzs*e h\sehold & alt]$ completely its plans4 ,aft] l+]+ eight mon?s at ! p>sonage1 ! family left ,rck5 & mov$ to ,naumburg-on-!-,saale1 !re e/abli%+ a new domicile 9 ! home ( ! pa/or's "m4 ,! h\sehold 0 compos$ ( ! two *ildr51 ,fri$ri* & ,elizabe?1 _! "m1 !n only tw5ty-f\r1 _! gr&mo!r ,nietzs*e1 & two maid5 si/]s ( ! dead fa!r4 ,?is e/abli%m5t 0 run on /rict & puritanical l9es4 ,all ! wom5 7 ( /rong !ological incl9ations4 ,"o ( ! maid5 aunts1 ,rosalie1 devot$ h]self to ,*ri/ian b5evol5t in/itutions4 ,! o!r aunt1 ,augu/a1 0 n unlike ! pat]nal gr&mo!r--pi\s & ,god-fe>+ & con/antly busi$ ) h] duties to o!rs4 ,! wid[$ "m c>ri$ on ! ,*ri/ian tradition ( ! family1 & nev] =got t %e 0 once ! wife ( a ,lu!ran pa/or4 ,daily pray]s & ,biblical read+s 7 fix$ practices4 ,! "y ,fri$ri* 0 ! pet ( ! h\sehold1 & !re 7 secret hopes held by all t he w\ld gr[ up 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 fa!r & become an hon\r$ & respect$ light 9 ! *ur*4 ,to ! realisation ( ?is hope1 all ! ef=ts & influ5ces ( ! f\r wom5 7 giv54 ,su* 0 ! atmosph]e 9 :i* ! e>ly y\? ( ! au?or ( ,! ,anti*ri/ 0 nurtur$4 ,soon aft] ! family's arrival at ,naumburg1 ,fri$ri*1 !n only six ye>s old1 0 s5t to a local ,municipal ,boys' ,s*ool1 9 accordance ) ! educational !ories ( 8 gr&mo!r1 :o believ$ 9 greg>i\s education = ! v "y4 ,b %e _h fail$ to c\nt ^u ! unusual "* ( h] gr&son1 & ! attempt to educate him at a municipal in/itution result$ 9 failure4 ,8 upbr++ _h made him some:at priggi% & hyp]s5sitive4 ,he 0 ridicul$ by ! o!r boys :o taunt$ him ) ! epi!t ( ! little m9i/]4 ,he refus$ to m+le ) ! riff-raff :i* compos$ ! l>g] "p ( ! pupils1 & held himself isolat$ & alo(4 ,consequ5tly1 be=e ! ye> 0 up1 he 0 )drawn f ! s*ool & ent]$ 9 a private educational in/itution :i* prep>$ ! y\ng] /ud5ts = ! ,ca!dral ,gramm> ,s*ool4 ,"h he 0 9 m cong5ial surr\nd+s4 ,he _h = s*oolmates two y\?s ^: families 7 fri5ds ( ! ,nietzs*e h\sehold--"y ,wilhelm ,p9d] & ,gu/av ,krug1 :o lat] 7 to influ5ce 8 y\?4 ,nietzs*e rema9$ at ?is s*ool = ?ree ye>s4 ,z a boy ,nietzs*e 0 always ?\ghtful & /udi\s4 ,he 0 a taciturn *ild & took long walks 9 ! c\ntry alone1 pref]r+ solitude to companion%ip4 ,he 0 s5sitive to a m>k$ degree1 polite1 solicit\s ( all ab\t him1 & incl9$ to mood9ess4 ,z soon z he c\ld write he />t$ a di>y 9 :i* he includ$ n only ! ext]nal ev5ts ( 8 life b 8 ?\ghts & ideas & op9ions4 ,! pages ( ?is di>y1 p>tially pres]v$1 make unique & int]e/+ read+4 ,at a v e>ly age he began writ+ poetry4 ,8 v]ses1 ?\gh conv5tional 9 bo? !me & metre1 reflect$ a k ( contempor>y prosody unusual 9 a boy ( 8 ye>s4 ,he _h ample opportunity 9 8 home ( he>+ good music1 & he manife/$ a great love = x 9 v e>ly y\?4 ,he devot$ mu* "t to /udy+ ! piano1 & n infrequ5tly tri$ 8 h& at compos+4 ,lat] 9 8 life we /ill f9d him writ+ music1 & also publi%+ x4 ,9 deportm5t ,nietzs*e 0 a model *ild4 ,he 0 ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ! religi\s atmosph]e ( 8 surr\nd+s1 & 0 f> m pi\s ?an ! av]age y\? ( 8 own age4 ,= a long :ile he gave e indication ( fulfill+ ! ecclesia/ical hopes :i* 8 family h>b\r$ = him4 ,consequ5tly !re 0 no lack ( enc\ragem5t on ! "p ( 8 gu>dians t[>d 8 fir/ lit]>y ef=ts :i* reflect$ ! piety ( 8 nature4 ,aft] a few ye>s 9 ! ,naumburg s*ool1 :]e he di/+ui%$ himself z a model /ud5t & incid5tally impress$ ! visit+ inspectors by 8 quickness & brilliance 9 answ]+ te/ que/ions1 ,nietzs*e took ! entrance exam9ations = ! well-kn[n ,l&es-,s*ule at ,p=ta1 an in/itution !n not$ = its fo/]+ & promotion ( sci5tific /udies4 ,! vacancy at ,p=ta _h be5 (f]$ ,nietzs*e's "m by ! ,rector :o _h he>d rum\rs conc]n+ ! intellectual gifts ( ! "y ,fritz4 ,! exam9ations 7 pass$ successfully1 & 9 ,octob]1 #aheh1 aft] a te>ful leave-tak+1 he ent]$ ! ,l[] ,f\r? ,=m4 ,p=ta1 at t "t1 0 an in/itution ( consid]able em95ce1 ) a tradition atta*+ to x n unlike t ( ,eton4 ,x 0 a hot-b$ ( academic culture1 & ! pr(essors 7 among ! mo/ le>n$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! s*ool _h be5 f\nd$ z a mona/]y 9 ! twelf? c5tury by ! ,ci/]cian monks4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury x _h fall5 "u ! rule ( ! ,duke ,moritz ( ,saxony1 :o turn$ x into a secul> educational academy1 mak+ way = ! advance ( ! new] ideals4 ,! life at ,p=ta 9 ,nietzs*e's day 0 /rict1 & we le>n t ! "y philosoph] *af$ some:at "u ! /r+5t discipl9e4 ,b 9 "t he accu/om$ himself to ! regulations1 & x 0 n long be=e we f9d him actively & int]e/$ly p>ticipat+ 9 ! s*ool life4 ,h[ev]1 new ideas 7 fom5t+4 ,if outw>dly he acquiesc$ to ! r\t9e1 inw>dly he 0 9 a /ate ( revolt4 ,he _h already begun to indulge 9 orig9al ?9k+1 & he felt ! lack ( fre$om 9 communicat+ 8 ideas to o!rs4 ,8 only confidante dur+ ^! days 0 8 si/] :om he always saw dur+ ! holidays & on brief leaves ( abs5ce4 ,8 sp>e mom5ts 7 devot$ to music & lit]ature o!r ?an t prescrib$ by ! s*ool curriculum4 ,he res5t$ ! fact t "o _h to ?9k ( p>ticul> !mes at specifi$ times1 & no d\bt caus$ 8 good tutor1 ,pr(essor ,budd5sieg1 mu* uneas9ess1 =1 to judge f 8 di>y1 he did n keep to himself ! res5tm5t he felt t[>d ! en=cem5t ( ! irksome & repressive cal5d> ( /udies4 ,?is res5tm5t d\btlessly _h mu* to d ) ! inauguration ( a society :i* 0 call$ ! ,g]mania ,club4 ,wilhelm ,p9d] & ,gu/av ,krug1 ,nietzs*e's =m] s*ool companions at ,naumburg1 7 p>ticipants 9 its =mation2 & on ! highe/ l$ge ( ! wat* t[]1 ov]look+ ! ,saale valley1 its object 0 discuss$ & its inception d$icat$ & solemnis$ ) a bottle ( r$ w9e4 ,?is society1 :ile be>+ _m ( ! e>-m>ks ( m]e y\?ful en?usiasm1 =m$ an important turn+ po9t 9 ,nietzs*e's life4 ,x act$1 at a psy*ological mom5t1 z a safety-valve = ! h]etical ideas & aspirations :i*1 up to t "t1 he _h confid$ only to 8 si/] & 8 di>y4 ,! purpose ( ! club c be/ be /at$ 9 ,nietzs*e's own words3 ,we resolv$ to f\nd a k9d ( small club :i* w\ld consi/ ( ourselves & a few fri5ds1 & ! object ( :i* w\ld be to provide u ) a /able & b9d+ organisation1 direct+ & add+ int]e/ to our creative impulses 9 art & lit]ature2 or to put x m pla9ly1 ea* ( u w\ld be pl$g$ to pres5t an orig9al piece ( "w to ! club once a mon?1 ei!r a poem1 a treatise1 an ar*itectural design1 or a musical composition1 ^u :i* ea* ( ! o!rs1 9 a fri5dly _s1 w\ld h to pass free & unre/rict$ criticism4 ,we ?us hop$ by means ( mutual correction to be able bo? to /imulate & to *a/5 our creative impulses4 ,x 0 dur+ "o ( 8 lectures be=e ?is gr\p ( y\?ful individuali/s t ,nietzs*e fir/ express$ 8 true views on ,*ri/ianity--views1 :i*1 c\ld !y h be5 ov]he>d by 8 devot$ family1 w\ld h br\ght sorr[ to _! pi\s he>ts4 ,! li/ ( ,nietzs*e's contributions to ?is synod numb]$ ?irty-f\r1 & includ$ musical compositions1 poems1 political orations & v>i\s lit]>y works4 ,nietzs*e rema9$ at ,p=ta until #ahfd4 ,he _h be5 confirm$ at ,ea/]1 #ahfa1 & to all outw>d manife/ations reta9$ 8 religi\s pr9ciples4 ,8 f9al report /ates t he %[$ an active & lively int]e/ 9 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,9 religion he 0 giv5 ! grade ( excell5t4 ,dur+ 8 lat] ye>s at ,p=ta he manife/$ an int]e/ 9 ! works ( ,em]son & ,%akespe>e & especially 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 au?ors4 ,8 dislike = ma!matics increas$ /eadily1 & 8 love = ,sophocles1 s*ylus1 ,plato & ! ,greek lyrici/s grew by leaps & b\nds4 ,8 f9al pap]--! dep>t+ !sis :i* 0 compulsory = all graduat+ /ud5ts--0 a ,lat9 essay on ,!ognis ( ,meg>a1 ,de ,!ognide ,meg>5si ,betwe5 ,nietzs*e & t anci5t ari/ocrat1 ) 8 f9e contempt = democracy1 !re exi/$ _m temp]am5tal aff9ities2 & ?is f9al essay 0 no less ?an a f\ndation on :i* ! "y ,dionysian lat] built 8 philosophy ( ari/ocracy4 ,on ! #g? ( ,septemb] he left ,p=ta4 ,aft] re/+ at ,naumburg until ! middle ( ,octob]1 ,nietzs*e set =? = ! ,univ]sity ( ,bonn4 ,x 0 "h t he came "u ! guidance ( ,pr(essor ,rits*l1 :o lat] 0 to ex]t a great influ5ce ov] him4 ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,rits*l 0 n only ! =emo/ philologi/ ( 8 "t1 b a s*ol> deeply v]s$ 9 classical lit]ature & rhetoric4 ,x 0 he :o f\nd$ ! sci5ce ( hi/orical lit]>y criticism z we "k x to-day4 ,:5 he fir/ met ,nietzs*e 8 int]e/ 9 ! "y man at once became v great1 & ! relation%ip betwe5 !m rapidly develop$ into ! w>me/ ( fri5d%ips4 ,to ,rits*l ,nietzs*e ow$ _m ?+s4 ,x 0 at ! =m]'s h\se t he became acqua9t$ ) _m ( ! lead+ le>n$ m5 ( ! day4 ,& x w\ld be unfair n to cr$it ,rits*l ) mu* ( ! future philosoph]'s ard5t & la/+ int]e/ 9 anci5t cultures4 ,at ,bonn ,nietzs*e ent]$ ! collegiate life ) unusual ze/4 ,he became a memb] ( ! ,franconia ,/ud5t ,corps1 & p>ticipat$ freely 9 ! dr9k+ b\ts :i*1 f :at we c le>n f 8 lett]s home1 con/itut$ "o ( ! ma9 duties atta*$ to 8 memb]%ip4 ,b ?is phase ( ! /ud5t life 0 =eign to 8 ta/es1 & aft] brief activities 9 ! rle ( good fell[1 he f\nd a m spontane\s recreation 9 att5d+ conc]ts & ! bett] class !atres4 ,he privately /udi$ ,s*umann1 & dur+ #ahfd & #ahfe 8 life bore a m>k$ musical /amp4 ,x 0 dur+ ,nietzs*e's days at ,bonn t a decid$ *ange came ov] 8 religi\s views4 ,8 critical /udies 9 ! lit]ature & culture ( ! anci5ts _h done mu* t[>d wean+ him f ! =mal & almo/ lit]al !ological beliefs ( 8 family4 ,! fir/ op5 brea* betwe5 8 new] ideals & ! e/abli%$ prejudices ( 8 "m came at ,ea/]-"t ab\t midway ( 8 c\rse at ,bonn4 ,he 0 home = ! holidays1 & :5 ! good p 7 prep>+ to att5d communion1 he sudd5ly in=m$ !m ( 8 decision n to accompany !m4 ,argum5ts 7 unavail+4 ,an animat$ discussion arose 9 :i* he firmly def5d$ 8 attitude2 & f t "t on !re 0 nev] a reconciliation betwe5 8 religi\s /&po9t & ! "o held by 8 family4 ,two le>n$ ecclesia/ics 7 call$ into consultation1 b !y 7 unable to meet ! disquiet+ argum5ts ( ! "y h]etic1 & 8 case 0 dismiss$ = ! mom5t on 8 ,aunt ,rosalie's !ory t ev5 9 ! lives ( ! dev\te/ ,*ri/ians !re (t5 come p]iods ( d\bt1 & t dur+ su* p]iods x is be/ to leave ! backslid] to 8 own consci5ce4 ,nietzs*e1 h[ev]1 nev] aga9 ent]$ ! fold4 ,curi\sly en\gh x 0 at ?is same p]iod t came 8 revulsion t[>d ! dissipations ( /ud5t life4 ,he w5t s f> z to attempt an imposition ( 8 moral !ories on ! memb]s ( ! ,franconia1 b ?is attempt at re=mation result$ only 9 8 own unpopul>ity4 ,9 8 attitude t[>d duell+--a pa/ime some:at ov]-emphasis$ at ,bonn--,nietzs*e 0 consi/5t ) 8 o!r beliefs4 ,! *ivalr\s side ( x appeal$ to him1 al?\gh he dete/$ ! _s ( x f ! /&po9t ( ! /ud5t body4 ,h[ev]1 he took h]oic1 if unconv5tional1 means to involve himself 9 a duel le/ 8 position be miscon/ru$ z c[>dice4 ,he select$ an adv]s>y he ?\ght wor?y ( him1 & pleasantly dem&$ a combat on ! field ( hon\r1 end+ 8 reque/3 ,let u waive all ! usual prelim9>ies4 ,! o!r agre$1 & ! duel 0 f\ght4 ,b ! incid5t m]ely result$ 9 emphasis+ ,nietzs*e's disgu/ = /ud5t life4 ,says 8 si/]1 ,! circum/ances :i* above all ar\s$ my bro!r's wra? 0 ! dete/able 'be] mat]ialism' ) :i* he met on all sides1 & ow+ to ^! e>ly exp]i5ces 9 ,bonn he = ev] reta9$ a v deep dislike = smok+1 dr9k+1 & ! :ole ( s-call$ 'be]-conviviality4' ,8 decision to leave ,bonn & ent] ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig 0 due to 8 fondness = ,rits*l4 ,9 ! dispute :i* arose betwe5 ! two ,pr(essors1 ,jahn & ,rits*l1 ,nietzs*e's fri5d%ip = ! latt] made him a p>tisan1 al?\gh he held ,jahn 9 ! highe/ respect2 & :5 ,rits*l decid$ to transf] himself to ,leipzig1 ! "y philosoph]1 along ) sev]al ( ! o!r /ud5ts1 foll[$ him4 ,?is 0 9 ! autumn ( #ahfe4 ,nietzs*e rea*$ ,leipzig on ! #ag? ( ,octob]1 & ! next day he pres5t$ himself to ! ,academic ,bo>d4 ,x 0 ! c5t5nial anniv]s>y ( ! day :5 ,goe! _h ent]$ 8 "n on ! regi/]1 & ! ,univ]sity 0 celebrat+ ! ev5t4 ,! co9cid5ce delight$ ,nietzs*e greatly1 :o reg>d$ x z a good om5 = 8 future at ! new in/itution4 ,x 0 dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,leipzig t !re came into 8 life two ev5ts :i* 7 to h a pr(\nd & la/+ influ5ce on 8 future4 ,"o ( ^! 0 8 acqua9tance ) ,wagn]--an acqua9tance :i* sev]al ye>s lat] develop$ into ! /ronge/ fri5d%ip ( 8 life4 ,! o!r ev5t 79 _m ways m important ?an ! fir/7 0 8 discov]y ( ,s*op5hau]4 ,?is discov]y is *>act]i/ically describ$ 9 a lett] to 8 si/]3 ,"o day ,i came across ?is book at old ,rohn's curiosity %op1 & tak+ x up v g+]ly ,i turn$ ov] its pages4 ,i "k n :at demon :isp]$ to me3 ',take ?is book home ) !e4' ,at all ev5ts1 contr>y to my habit n to be ha/y 9 my pur*ase ( books1 ,i took x home4 ,once 9 my room ,i ?rew myself into ! corn] ( ! s(a ) my booty1 & began to all[ t en]getic & gloomy g5ius to "w ^u my m9d4 ,9 ?is book1 9 :i* e l9e cri$ out r5unciation1 d5ial1 & resignation1 ,i saw a mirror 9 :i* ,i espi$ ! :ole _w1 life & my own m9d depict$ 9 frightful gr&eur4 ,9 ?is volume ! full cele/ial eye ( art gaz$ at me2 "h ,i saw illness & recov]y1 bani%m5t & refuge1 heav5 & hell4 ,! ne$ ( kn[+ myself1 yea1 ev5 ( gnaw+ at myself1 =cibly seiz$ me4 ,?is book w5t f> 9 ar\s+ ! philosophic faculties ( ! "y philologi/1 & lat] he wrote _m essays1 long & %ort1 bo? 9 praise & 9 refutation ( ! great pessimi/4 ,t he %\ld at fir/ h subscrib$ to all ( ,s*op5hau]'s tea*+s is natural4 ,nietzs*e 0 vital & susceptible to en?usiasms4 ,x 0 9 accord ) 8 y\?ful nature1 full ( c\rage & /r5g?1 t he %\ld h be5 s$uc$ to pessimism4 ,at ,leipzig ,nietzs*e accompli%$ an enorm\s am\nt ( "w3 & 8 nature develop$ 9 proportion4 ,! life 0 fre] ?an x _h be5 at ,p=ta or at ,bonn4 ,f> f be+ hamp]$ 9 ! voic+s ( 8 inn] beliefs1 he f\nd 8 environm5t p>ticul>ly cong5ial to self-expression4 ,he made num]\s fri5ds1 pr9cipal among !m be+ ,erw9 ,rohde1 :o cross$ 8 lat] life at _m po9ts4 ,he %[$ a great int]e/ 9 political1 z well z 9 lit]>y & musical1 ev5ts2 & ! w> betwe5 ,prussia & ,au/ria fann$ 8 y\?ful ard\r to an almo/ extravagant degree4 ,twice he (f]$ himself to ! au?orities1 hop+ to be p]mitt$ to s]ve z a soldi]1 b 0 reject$ bo? times on acc\nt ( 8 %ortsight$ness4 ,8 int]e/ 9 8 /udies1 h[ev]1 0 9 no wise dim9i%$4 ,he read widely 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,greek & ,lat91 & devot$ mu* s*ol>ly rese>* to ,!ognis1 ,diog5es ,la]tius1 & ,democritus4 ,8 essay on ! subject1 ,de ,fontibus ,diog5is ,la]tii won ! fir/ univ]sity prize1 & 0 lat] publi%$1 ) o!r ( 8 essays on philology1 9 ! ,rhe9is*es ,museum4 ,at ?is "t ! ,prussian army f\nd itself 9 sore ne$ ( m51 & al?\gh ,nietzs*e _h be5 exempt f milit>y duties & _h fail$ to secure enli/m5t1 he sudd5ly f\nd himself1 9 ! autumn ( #ahfg1 call$ ^u = compulsory tra9+4 ,a new army regulation _h j be5 pass$ requir+ all "y m51 if o!rwise physically s\nd1 to ent] milit>y s]vice ev5 ?\gh _! eyesight 0 p>tially impair$4 ,z a consequ5ce ,nietzs*e _h to leave ,leipzig & g into tra9+4 ,he made an ef=t to enli/ 9 a ,b]l9 ,gu>d ,regim5t1 b 0 f9ally compell$ to jo9 ! horse artill]y at ,naumburg4 ,al?\gh he _h previ\sly volunte]$ = s]vice1 he n[ f\nd t ! life ( a soldi] 0 f> m irksome & f> less romantic ?an he _h imag9$4 ,he 0 unhappy & disconsolate1 & deplor$ ! slav]y atta*$ to ! life ( a m\nt$ artill]yman4 ,he 0 n de/9$1 h[ev]1 to fulfil 8 ardu\s milit>y duties to ! full t]m ( 8 proscription4 ,b>ely a ye> _h gone by :5 he 0 ?r[n f 8 horse & receiv$ :at at fir/ 0 ?\ght a slight /ra91 b :at lat] turn$ out to be a s]i\s injury4 ,! pommel ( 8 saddle _h compress$ 8 *e/1 & ! inflammation :i* set 9 necessitat$ 8 p]man5t )drawal f s]vice4 ,= a long "t ,nietzs*e 0 "u ! c>e ( ! fam\s speciali/1 ,volkmann1 to :om ! milit>y doctors _h turn$ him ov] :5 !y _h begun to despair ( 8 recov]y4 ,dur+ convalesc5ce1 he busi$ himself ) prep>ations = 8 com+ univ]sity ye> & assi/$ 9 "s intricate index+ = memb]s ( ! faculty4 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahfh1 he 0 able to return to ,leipzig & resume 8 "w4 ,b ano!r unexpect$ ev5t--?is "o ( an advantage\s nature & de/9$ to alt] 8 :ole future--came 9 ! =m ( an inquiry f ! ,univ]sity ( ,bale 9 ,switz]l&4 ,! memb]s ( t in/itution's educational bo>d1 attract$ by ,nietzs*e's essays 9 ! ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 wrote to ,rits*l = in=mation reg>d+ ! "y philologi/4 ,rits*l repli$ t ,nietzs*e 0 a g5ius & c\ld d :atev] he put 8 m9d to4 ,?us x happ5$ t1 al?\gh only #bd1 he 0 (f]$ ! vacant po/ ( ,classical ,philology at ,ble1 )\t ev5 be+ put ?r\gh ! =malities ( an exam9ation4 ,h[ev]1 he 0 /raightway grant$ a ,doctor's degree by ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig1 & on ! #ac? ( ,april1 #ahfi1 he left ,naumburg to assume ! duties ( 8 new appo9tm5t4 ,8 dep>ture m>k$ ! pass+ ( ! ,nietzs*e h\sehold4 ,8 gr&mo!r & bo? ! maid5 aunts 7 dead1 & because1 no d\bt1 ( religi\s diff]5ces1 he & 8 "m became e/rang$4 ,( t intimately weld$ family circle1 only ! deep fri5d%ip betwe5 ,nietzs*e & 8 si/] rema9$4 ,on ,may #bh1 ,nietzs*e deliv]$ 8 inaugural address at ,ble1 us+ ! p]sonality ( ,hom] z 8 subject4 ,! hall 0 cr[d$1 & ! address made a decid$ impression on bo? /ud5ts & faculty4 ,! lecture 0 an unusual "o & well (f ! conv5tional track4 ,x creat$ riot a little mild excitem5t among ! pr(essors at ,leipzig1 & ! cut-&-dri$ philologi/s ( t in/itution 7 frankly sc&alis$ by its boldness4 ,! address1 h[ev]1 0 an index to ,nietzs*e's "*1 &1 9 look+ back on x1 we c see t x unmi/akably po9t$ ! way along :i* ! future developm5t ( 8 m9d 0 to take place4 ,at ,ble1 ! "y philologi/1 despite ! p's k9dly disposition t[>d him1 suff]$ f solitude4 ,8 classes 7 small4 ,al?\gh he _h made an impassion$ plea = 8 p>ticul> sci5ce1 ! int]e/ 9 philology 0 slight1 & 8 morn+ lectures 7 att5d$ by only eight /ud5ts4 ,nietzs*e 0 )\t a companion ) :om he might ex*ange 8 ideas & p]sonal ?\ghts4 ,8 only div]sion came 9 ! =m ( occasional trips to neighb\r+ p>ts ( ! c\ntry2 & ! lett]s he wrote to 8 si/] & 8 =m] fri5ds 7 t+$ ) melan*oly4 ,b he 0 consci5ti\s 9 8 "w1 & a ye> lat] he 0 giv5 a pr(essor%ip4 ,be=e he c\ld accept ?is lat] appo9tm5t x _h be5 necess>y = him to become a naturalis$ subject ( ,switz]l&1 s t :5 ! ,franco-,g]man ,w> ( #ahgj broke out1 he c\ld n s]ve z a combatant--a fact :i* caus$ him ke5 disappo9tm5t4 ,he 0 able1 h[ev]1 to secure s]vice z an ambulance att5dant 9 ! ,hospital ,corps1 & set =? ^u 8 patriotic duties ) a glad he>t4 ,hav+ be5 grant$ ! leave he ask$ = at ! ,univ]sity1 he w5t to ,erlang51 :]e he ent]$ = a c\rse ( surg]y & m$ic9e at ! ,r$ ,cross ,society4 ,aft] a brief tra9+ z a nurse1 9 :i* l9e ( "w he %[$ rem>kable adaptability1 he 0 s5t to ! seat ( w> at ! head ( an ambulance corps4 ,he 0 untir+ 9 8 en]gies & lab\r$ day & night 9 ! mid/ ( ! battlefields4 ,b ! ov]work prov$ too mu* = him1 & he soon rea*$ ! limit ( 8 endurance4 ,"o day1 aft] long exposure 9 a cattle truck fill$ ) sev]ely w\nd$ & diseas$ m51 he began to %[ signs ( s]i\s illness1 & :51 aft] great difficulty1 he manag$ to rea* ,erlang51 x 0 discov]$ t he 0 suff]+ f diph!ria & sev]e dys5t]y4 ,?\gh he _h se5 b a few weeks' hospital s]vice1 x 0 n[ necess>y = him to discont9ue 8 duties entirely4 ,8 si/] tells u t ?is illness greatly und]m9$ 8 heal?1 & 0 ! fir/ cause ( 8 subsequ5t condition4 ,to make matt]s worse1 ! slight m$ical education :i* he _h receiv$ 9 prep>ation = 8 ambulance s]vice l$ him to pursue a fateful c\rse ( self-doctor+--a practice :i* he cont9u$ to 8 own detrim5t ?r\gh\t ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,nietzs*e did n ev5 wait until he 0 well be=e resum+ 8 duties at ! ,univ]sity1 & ?is new /ra9 impos$ on 8 already deplet$ sy/em _h mu* to d ) br++ on 8 f9al breakd[n4 ,z a result ( ! ,phili/9ism :i* broke out all ov] ,g]many at ! end ( ! w>1 ,nietzs*e deliv]$ a c\rse ( lectures at ,bonn1 :i* he entitl$ ,on ! ,future ( ,our ,educational ,in/itutions4 ,g]many _h insi/$ t h] victory 0 due n only to physical brav]y b also 9 a l>ge measure to ! sup]iority ( ,g]manic culture & ,teutonic ideals4 ,nietzs*e beheld 9 ?is snobbi% attitude a v grave dang] = 8 c\ntry1 & endeav\r$ 9 a small way to rectify ?is attitude by a s]ies ( lectures4 ,he sev]ely criticis$ ! ,g]man educational in/itutions ( ! day & w5t s f> z to d5y !m ! great culture :i* !y s ard5tly claim$4 ,:ile ^! lectures 9 no wise /emm$1 ev5 locally1 ! tide ( ,phili/9ism at :i* !y 7 aim$1 ! criticisms conta9$ 9 !m are ( ! greate/ importance 9 review+ ! developm5t ( ! philosoph] himself4 ,! lectures conta9$1 p]haps unconsci\sly b none ! less cle>ly1 _m ( ! elem5ts ( t philosophy :i* lat] 0 to h s trem5d\s an influ5ce n only on ,g]many b on ! :ole civilis$ _w4 ,9 ! same ye>1 #ahgb1 ,nietzs*e's fir/ important book appe>$4 ,?is "w1 d$icat$ to ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 _h be5 begun 9 #ahfi1 & 0 fir/ call$ ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y f ! ,_s ( ,music4 ,:5 ! ?ird edition appe>$ 9 #ahhf ! title 0 *ang$ to ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 or ,hell5ism & ,pessimism1 & a preface call$ ,an ,attempt at ,self-,criticism 0 add$4 ,9 a l>ge measure ?is book 0 a tribute to ,wagn]1 & 0 writt5 by ,nietzs*e 9 an ef=t to be ( imm$iate b5efit to ! musician :o at t "t 0 pass+ ?r\gh a p]iod ( despond5cy4 ,wagn] 0 !n liv+ at ,tribs*51 n f> f ,ble1 & ,nietzs*e's visits to him 7 frequ5t4 ,x 0 dur+ ^! ye>s t ! great fri5d%ip betwe5 ! two m5 develop$4 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 h[ev]1 0 n well receiv$ by ! public4 ,musicians 7 pleas$ ) x1 b philologi/s 9 p>ticul> deplor$ its utt]ances4 ,!y look$ ^u its au?or z a traitor to _! sci5ce = hav+ d>$ to v5ture beyond ! n>r[ b\nds ( academic =malism4 ,"o well-kn[n philologi/1 ,wilam[itz-,moell5dorf1 attack$ ,nietzs*e 9 an ill-hum\r$ pamphlet2 & al?\gh ,erw9 ,rohde answ]$ x adequately ) ano!r pamphlet1 ! attack prov$ detrim5tal to ,nietzs*e's /&+ at ,bale4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ w9t] t]m ! "y philologi/ 0 entirely )\t pupils4 ,8 m9d1 h[ev]1 0 n[ und]go+ decid$ & important *anges4 ,he 0 becom+ bold] & sur] ( himself4 ,new ideals 7 tak+ ! place ( old ones1 & 9 #ahgc he began a s]ies ( fam\s pamphlets :i* lat] 7 put into book =m "u ! title ( ,?\ghts ,out ( ,season4 ,8 fir/ attack 0 ^u ,david ,/rauss2 ! second 0 direct$ t[>ds ! ,g]man hi/orians ( ! day2 ! ?ird 0 aim$ at ,s*op5hau]2 & ! f\r? 0 ! fam\s panegyric1 ,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu?4 ,^! essays1 toge!r ) 8 "w at ,ble1 occupi$ him until #ahgf4 ,nietzs*e 0 n[ suff]+ sev]ely f ! malady he c>ri$ to 8 grave1 cat>rh ( ! /oma*4 ,?is 0 accompani$ by sev]e heada*es1 & dur+ 8 holidays he alt]nat$ betwe5 ,switz]l& & ,italy 9 an endeav\r to recov] 8 heal?4 ,9 ! =m] place he 0 ) ,wagn]4 ,9 ,italy1 at ,sorr5to1 he met ,dr4 ,paul ,re1 :o1 if we are to believe ,max ,nordau1 0 ! fa!r ( all ,nietzs*e's ideas4 ,cr$5ce1 h[ev]1 _c be giv5 to ?is accusation1 = ! nucleus ( all ( 8 lat] ideas 0 und5iably conta9$ 9 8 writ+s previ\s to 8 meet+ ) ,re4 ,t ,re influ5c$ him to "s small ext5t no "o w d5y1 = x 0 he :o turn$ ! "y philosoph]'s att5tion to ! latt] day sci5ti/s ( bo? ,engl& & ,france2 & x 0 %ortly aft] ?is meet+ t ,nietzs*e began 8 fir/ indep5d5t philosophical "w1 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #ahgf t 8 fam\s fri5d%ip ) ,wagn] began to cool4 ,nietzs*e _h gone to ,bayreu? to witness ! p]=mance ( ,d] ,r+ des ,nibelung54 ,already he _h begun to "q 8 own high op9ion ( ! compos]1 & ,bayreu? solidifi$ 8 d\bts4 ,x _h be5 two ye>s s9ce he _h se5 ,wagn]1 & aft] a brief conv]sation1 ,nietzs*e became bitt] & disgu/$4 ,:5 he f9ally w5t away 8 revulsion 0 complete1 & "o ( ! greate/ ( hi/oric fri5d%ips 0 at an end4 ,:atev] 7 ! individual m]its 9 ! qu>rel betwe5 ^! two great contemporane\s m51 ,nietzs*e's attitude 0 at lea/ consi/5t ) 8 inn]mo/ ideals4 ,he _h admir$ 9 ,wagn] c]ta9 def9ite1 revolution>y qualities1 & :5 he 0 conv9c$1 z he _h e reason to be1 t ,wagn] 0 compromis+ 8 art = ! purpose ( popul>ity1 ! ideal 0 brok54 ,he c\ld no long] rema9 true to himself & also to 8 fri5d%ip = ! great compos]4 ,p>sifal 0 und\bt$ly a decad5t "w1 view$ f ! /&po9t ( ,wagn]'s previ\s p]=mances4 ,decad5ce is simply ! inability to create new tissue2 & :5 ,wagn] =swore mod]n ideas & rev]t$ to ! pa/1 x atte/$ to an entire *ange ( m5tal attitude3 & no purely /hetic doctr9e c controv]t ! fact4 ,_h ,czanne 9 lat] life essay$ ! pa9t+ ( conv5tionally pos$ sa9ts--no matt] :at 8 te*nical means might h be5--8 art w\ld h conta9$ ! elem5ts ( decad5ce1 = an arti/'s m5tal attitude _c be dissev]$ f 8 product4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 0 ,nietzs*e's !ory 9 reg>d to ,wagn]4 ,t ! break+ (f ( ?is fri5d%ip 0 a great bl[ to ! philosoph] we "k f 8 di>y & f 8 lett]s4 ,9 fact1 8 affection = ,wagn]1 ! man1 0 s great t x 0 n until t5 ye>s _h pass$ t he c\ld br+ himself to write ! essay :i* he _h long _h 9 m9d1 ,! ,fall ( ,wagn]4 ,! ye> aft] ! appe>ance ( ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 ,nietzs*e's ill-heal? compell$ him to resign 8 pr(essor%ip at ,ble4 ,he _h a small income :i*1 toge!r ) ! ?ree ?\s& francs retir+ all[ance grant$ him by ! ,univ]sity1 p]mitt$ him n[ to travel mod]ately & to devote 8 entire "t to 8 lit]>y lab\rs4 ,he fir/ w5t to ,b]ne1 :]e he /ay$ a few weeks4 ,lat] he visit$ ,zri* & !n ,/4 ,moritz4 ,x 0 a brief holiday1 b ! *ange ( locale1 c\pl$ ) ! relaxation f "w1 improv$ him bo? 9 physical heal? & 9 spirits4 ,! w9t] ( #ahgi-hj he sp5t ) 8 "m at ,naumburg1 8 old home2 b ! climate & ! uncong5ial surr\nd+s dragg$ d[n 8 heal? once m1 & x 0 n until t[>d ! foll[+ spr+1 :5 he w5t to ,v5ice1 t he rega9$ ev5 a semblance ( 8 normal condition4 ,"h he 0 9 company ) ,paul ,re & 8 life-long fri5d & disciple1 ,he9ri* ,kselitz1 commonly kn[n z ,pet] ,ga/4 ,nietzs*e /ay$ at ,v5ice until ,octob]1 :5 he w5t to ,g5oa4 ,! foll[+ ye> appe>$ ,! ,dawn ( ,day1 8 fir/ book ( con/ructive ?9k+4 ,! rema9d] ( ,nietzs*e's life up to ! "t ( 8 f9al breakd[n 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhi1 0 sp5t 9 a fruitless endeav\r to rega9 8 und]m9$ heal?4 ,= eight ye>s1 dur+ all ( :i* "t he 0 busily engag$ 9 writ+1 he s\ght a climate t w\ld revive him4 ,8 summ]s 7 sp5t = ! mo/ "p 9 ! quiet solitude ( ,sils-,m>ia1 a little ,swiss village to :i* ! t\ri/ r>ely v5tur$4 ,9 #ahhb he visit$ ,g5oa &1 ) ,paul ,re z companion1 made a trip to ,monaco4 ,?is j\rney end$ disa/r\sly = 8 heal?1 & by 8 physician's ord] he made a trip to ,mess9a4 ,soon aft] he settl$ at ,grunewald1 ne> ,b]l92 b ! place depress$ him1 & we f9d him lat] 9 ,taut5burg4 ,aga9 ,g5oa claim$ him = sev]al mon?s1 & !n1 addict$ to *loral1 & despond5t1 he s\ght relief at ,rome4 ,b he c\ld n /& ! hot wea!r1 & aga9 he visit$ ,sils-,m>ia1 :]e1 x seems1 he 0 = ! "t greatly improv$4 ,9 #ahhd1 we f9d him aga9 at ,naumburg1 & a little lat] at ,nice & ,v5ice4 ,9 ! autumn ( ! same ye>1 he sp5t sev]al weeks travell+ ) 8 si/] 9 ,g]many1 b at ! approa* ( w9t]1 he proce$$ to ,m5tone4 ,9 #ahhe he aga9 s\ght ! company ( ,pet] ,ga/ at ,v5ice1 & sp5t ! l>g] "p ( t ye> & ! next at ,v5ice & ,nice4 ,! lonely philosoph] !n paid a %ort visit to ,leipzig to be once aga9 ) 8 old fri5d ,rohde4 ,b ! ye>s _h e/rang$ !m2 _! views 7 n[ at opposites4 ,ano!r ( 8 few fri5ds ?us lo/ to him1 he imm$iately return$ to ,nice4 ,! ye> #ahhf f\nd him at ! ,rivi]a1 & 9 #ahhg he 0 aga9 at ,sils-,m>ia4 ,"h he lab\r$ incessantly1 travell+ to bo? ,v5ice & ,nice 9 ! meantime4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahhh he *ang$ 8 plans & w5t to ,tur94 ,!n aft] 8 usual summ] visit to ,sils-,m>ia1 he return$ to ,tur91 :]e he rema9$ until ! fatal w9t] ( #ahhh-hi4 ,nietzs*e 0 r>ely happy dur+ 8 travels4 ,he 0 con/antly ill & = ! mo/ "p alone1 & ?is p]turb$ & re/less p]iod ( 8 life resolv$ itself into a cont9u\s /ruggle aga9/ melan*oly & physical suff]+4 ,dur+ ^! eight ye>s ( solit>y lab\r & futile seek+ = heal?1 ,nietzs*e _h writt5 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 ,! ,joyful ,wisdom1 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals1 ,! ,case ( ,wagn]1 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 ,! ,anti*ri/1 ,ecce ,homo ,nietzs*e contra ,wagn]1 & an enorm\s numb] ( notes :i* 7 to con/itute 8 f9al & great philosophical "w1 ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,! cold reception ) :i* 8 books met t5d$ to disc\rage him & to ret>d 8 physical recov]y4 ,8 ,z>a?u/ra 0 z greatly misund]/ood by ! critics z _h be5 8 e>li] volumes4 ,) ! exception ( ,burckh>dt & ,ta9e1 ! critics 7 unfav\rable to ,beyond ,good & ,evil4 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals met ) sc>cely m fri5dly a reception1 & ,! ,case ( ,wagn]1 :ile ar\s+ ! ire ( ! ,wagn]ians1 caus$ no comm5t ( any k9d 9 any o!r qu>t]4 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols appe>$ ab\t ! "t ( 8 breakd[n1 & ,! ,anti*ri/ & ,ecce ,homo 7 n publi%$ until long aft] 8 dea?4 ,! notes on ,! ,w to ,p[] h only rec5tly be5 put toge!r & issu$4 ,! ev5ts dur+ ?is p]iod ( ,nietzs*e's c>e] 7 few4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important 0 8 meet+ ) ,miss ,l\ ,salom4 ,b ev5 ?is episode _h small be>+ on 8 life1 & has be5 unduly emphasis$ by biograph]s because ( its isolation 9 an exi/5ce outw>dly drab & unev5tful4 ,x 0 :ile ,nietzs*e 0 at ,taut5burg t ,paul ,re & ano!r fri5d1 ,malvida von ,mys5burg1 he>+ t he 0 9 ne$ ( a secret>y1 s5t to him ,miss ,salom1 a "y ,russian ,jewess4 ,t x w\ld h be5 difficult to f9d a p]son less suit$ to ! philosoph]'s ne$s 0 borne out by subsequ5t ev5ts4 ,accord+ to "s acc\nts ,nietzs*e fell mildly 9 love ) h]1 & 0 upset & irritat$ by h] alo(ness4 ,b su* a hypo!sis is sub/antiat$ only by ! flimsie/ ( evid5ce1 &1 :5 we take into consid]ation ! temp]am5tal gulf betwe5 ^! two p1 x is highly incr$ible t ,nietzs*e _h any desire to =m an alliance ) 8 amanu5sis4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] probably is t ! philosoph] 0 sadly disappo9t$ 9 8 secret>y--if n inde$ disgu/$ ) h]--&1 9 %[+ 8 regret1 piqu$ h] to retaliation4 ,9 fact1 we h a lett] f ,nietzs*e to ! "y lady :i* be>s out ?is cont5tion4 ,9 any ev5t1 we "k t _! companion%ip la/$ b a %ort "t & t ,miss ,salom wrote a mo/ inept & unreliable book on ,nietzs*e1 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e 9 se95 ,w]k5 publi%$ 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahid4 ,! affair _h o!r pa9ful results4 ,re def5d$ 8 protege1 & he & ,nietzs*e became bitt] enemies4 ,nietzs*e's si/] also 0 dragg$ into ! episode1 & qu>rell$ ) bo? ,re & ,miss ,salom4 ,%ortly aft] ?is unpleasant ev5t1 ,nietzs*e1 urg$ by 8 si/]1 made a half-he>t$ attempt to secure a pr(essor%ip at ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig1 b negotiations = ! po/ fell ?r\gh1 due l>gely to ,nietzs*e's own indiff]5ce 9 ! matt]4 ,soon aft] ?is ! philosoph] became e/rang$ f 8 si/] because ( h] int5tion to m>ry ,dr4 ,fr/]4 ,nietzs*e's opposition to ! m>riage--an opposition :i* 0 support$ by 8 "m--0 due to sev]al reasons4 ,fir/1 x w\ld necessitate 8 si/] leav+ him & accompany+ h] husb& to ,p>aguay4 ,secondly1 x _h be5 rum\r$ t ,dr4 ,fr/] _h sev]ely criticis$ 8 books4 ,& ?irdly1 ,nietzs*e _h small respect = ,dr4 ,fr/] himself1 :o 0 an impractical ideali/ & an anti-,semite4 ,h[ev]1 despite all ! family prote/ations1 ! m>riage took place4 ,nietzs*e 0 disappo9t$ & brood$ ov] ! ev5t1 b a ye> lat] he became reconcil$ ) 8 si/]1 & %e rema9$1 to ! end ( 8 life1 8 close/ fri5d & companion4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahhi1 an apoplectic fit1 :i* r5d]$ ,nietzs*e unconsci\s = two days1 m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( ! end4 ,8 mann] sudd5ly became al>m+4 ,he exhibit$ num]\s ecc5tricities1 s grave z to mean b "o ?+3 8 m9d 0 s]i\sly affect$4 ,!re has long be5 a !ory extant t 8 insanity 0 ( gradual gr[?4 ,nordau holds t he 0 unbalanc$ f bir?4 ,b !re is no evid5ce to sub/antiate ^! two !ories4 ,= sev5 ye>s ,nietzs*e's physical condition _h be5 improv+1 & 8 m9d up to ! end ( #ahhh 0 p]fectly cle> & gave no indication ( :at 8 end w\ld be4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod 8 books 7 ?\ght out 9 8 mo/ cl>ifi$ mann]2 9 all 8 int]c\rse ) 8 fri5ds he 0 re/ra9$ & normal2 & 8 volum9\s correspond5ce %[$ no *ange ei!r 9 s5tim5t or 9 tone4 ,! !ory advanc$ 9 "s qu>t]s t 8 books1 & especially 8 lat] ones1 7 ! "w ( a madman1 is entirely )\t f\ndation4 ,8 insanity 0 sudd52 x came )\t w>n+2 & x is pu]ile to po9t to 8 /ate ( m9d dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life z a criticism ( 8 "w4 ,8 books mu/ /& or fall on int]nal evid5ce--& on no?+ else4 ,judg$ f t /&po9t !y are scrupul\sly sane4 ,! direct cause ( ,nietzs*e's m5tal breakd[n is n kn[n4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re 0 probably no direct cause4 ,x 0 due to a numb] ( influ5ces--8 excessive use ( *loral :i* he took = insomnia1 ! trem5d\s /ra9 to :i* he put 8 intellect1 8 con/ant disappo9tm5ts & deprivations1 8 m5tal solitude1 8 prolong$ physical suff]+4 ,we "k little ( 8 la/ days be=e he w5t insane4 ,he 0 liv+ alone 9 ,tur9 & work+ desp]ately4 ,!n sudd5ly to ,pr(essor ,burckh>dt at ,ble he wrote a lett] :i* 0 obvi\sly ! "w ( a madman4 ,i am ,f]d9& de ,lesseps1 he wrote4 ,i am ,prado4 ,i am ,s*ambige4#a ,i h be5 buri$ twice ?is autumn4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ indication ( 8 insanity4 ,imm$iately aft] he wrote a simil> lett] to 8 old fri5d1 ,pr(essor ,ov]beck4 ,o!r ( ,nietzs*e's fri5ds receiv$ disquiet+ & indeciph]able notes4 ,to ,georg ,br&es he s5t a lett] sign$ ,! ,crucifi$4 ,to ,pet] ,ga/ he wrote1 ,s+ me a new song4 ,! _w is cle> & all ! skies rejoice4 ,to ,cosima ,wagn]3 ,ariadne1 ,i love y4 ,!re 0 n[ no d\bt ( 8 condition4 ,ov]beck w5t imm$iately to ,tur94 ,he f\nd ! philosoph] play+ wildly on ! piano1 & cry+ blasphemies to ! empty room4 ,nietzs*e 0 tak5 back to ,ble1 & !n plac$ 9 a private psy*iatric in/itution at ,j5a4 ,"h he /ay$ until ! foll[+ spr+ :5 he 0 p]mitt$ to be tak5 to ! home ( 8 "m at ,naumburg4 ,x 0 ?ree ye>s lat] t 8 si/] return$ f ,p>aguay1 :]e h] husb& _h di$1 & ,nietzs*e 0 suffici5tly recov]$ to meet h] :5 %e arriv$4 ,b ?\gh he liv$ = ano!r sev5 ye>s1 8 m9d 0 irretrievably ru9$4 ,:5 8 "m di$ 9 #ahig1 8 si/] remov$ him to a villa at ,weim>4 ,!re on a great v]&a1 ov]look+ ! hills & ! riv] valley1 he rema9$ until ! end1 receiv+ a few ( 8 fri5ds & tak+ 8 old delight 9 music4 ,8 si/] wat*$ ov] him t5d]ly1 & ?\gh he 0 nev] /rong en\gh to resume "w1 he w\ld (t5 talk ( 8 books4 ,:5 %[n a portrait ( ,wagn]1 he said1 ,him ,i lov$ de>ly4 ,he 0 all t5d]ness t[>d ! end4 ,! mighty yea-say] _h become z a little *ild4 ,elizabe?1 he w\ld say1 d n cry4 ,are we n happy8 ,nietzs*e di$ on ! #be? ( ,augu/1 #aijj1 & 0 buri$ at ,rck51 8 native village4 ,footnote #a3 ,s*ambige & ,prado 7 two assass9s ^: exploits 7 !n occupy+ ! ,fr5* j\rnals4 ,,ii ,human1 ,all-,too-,human ,volumes ,i & ,,ii ,human1 ,all-,too-,human 7,m5s*li*es ,allzu ,m5s*li*es7 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahgh4 ,previ\s to ?is "t ,nietzs*e _h devot$ himself to a s$ul\s /udy ( ! ,fr5* philosoph]s--,pascal1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,van]gues1 ,montaigne & o!rs--& ^! m5 influ5c$ him 9 8 selection ( ! aphori/ic /yle z a m$ium = 8 ?\ghts4 ,8 s]i\s illness at ! "t made x impossible = him to attempt any l>ge & co-ord9at$ philosophical task :i* w\ld h requir$ su/a9$ ?9k+ & cont9ual physical lab\r1 & ! deta*$ mann] ( writ+ employ$ by ! ,fr5* ?9k]s fitt$ 9 ) ! int]mitt5t mann] 9 :i* he 0 necessitat$ to "w4 ,miscellane\s ,maxims & ,op9ions1 ! second "p ( ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 appe>$ ! foll[+ ye>2 & ,! ,w&]] & 8 ,%ad[1 ! ?ird section1 0 made public 9 #ahhj4 ,six ye>s lat] ^! ?ree p>ts 7 put toge!r 9 two volumes "u ! caption ( ! orig9al book1 & 7 subtitl$ ,a ,book ( ,free ,spirits4 ,at t "t ,nietzs*e already _h num]\s writ+s to 8 cr$it4 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y 7,die ,geburt d] ,tragdie7 0 compos$ betwe5 #ahfi & #ahga1 & issu$ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahgb4 ,x 0 a treatise on pessimism & ,hell5ism1 & 9 x ,nietzs*e endeav\r$ to asc]ta9 ! orig9 ( ,greek trag$y4 ,9 8 rese>* he pass$ ov] _m ( ! less] philological discussions :i* 7 !n occupy+ ! m9ds ( 8 academic confrres1 &1 mild z 0 ?is fir/ publi%$ "w ( 81 he sudd5ly f\nd himself ! c5tre ( a discussion :i* augur$ ill = 8 future at ! ,univ]sity ( ,ble4 ,9 ?is book he und]took to expla9 ! con/ant conflict betwe5 ! ,apollonian & ,dionysian ideals1 & def9$ ! diff]5ces und]ly+ ^! two great influ5ces 9 ,greek art4 ,lat] 9 8 writ+s we f9d him apply+ ! !ories /at$ 9 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y to all human transactions4 ,on ! ,future ( our ,educational ,in/itutions & ,hom] & ,classical ,philology1 conta9$ 9 "o volume1 7 addresses deliv]$ dur+ ,nietzs*e's pr(essor%ip ( classical philology at ,ble ,univ]sity4 ,9 ^! lectures he po9t$ out ! necessity ( protect+ ! man ( g5ius1 & d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( actual culture 9 ! educational in/itutions ( mod]n ,g]many1 hold+ t true culture is only = ! high] type ( man4 ,he made a plea = an in/itution :]e g5u9e culture1 f\nd$ on ! ideals ( anci5t ,greece1 w\ld be h>b\r$ = ! few :o w\ld devote _! lives to x4 ,"h unque/ionably 0 ! fa9t beg9n+ ( 8 conception ( ! sup]man4 ,:ile ^! lectures dealt only ) ! educational in/itutions ( ,g]many1 ! criticisms 9 !m may nev]!less be appli$ 9 a broad] s5se to ! g5]al pr9ciples und]ly+ all s*ools4 ,?is book is ! fir/ visible /ep 9 ! developm5t ( 8 ?\ght4 ,m evid5ces ( :at 0 to come lat] are f\nd 9 a s]ies ( essays writt5 dur+ ! e>ly sev5ties1 :i* are n[ publi%$ "u ! g5]al caption ( ,e>ly ,greek ,philosophy & ,o!r ,essays4 ,! sev5 essays conta9$ 9 ?is volume are3 ,! ,greek ,/ate 7#ahga71 9 :i* he attack$ ! mod]n conception ( lab\r1 & advanc$ a brief = slav]y bas$ on ! assumption t )\t x true culture _c exi/2 ,! ,greek ,woman 7#ahga71 an outl9e ( ,nietzs*e's ideal ( woman2 ,on ,music & ,words 7#ahga71 an analysis ( ! orig9s ( music & language & a /atem5t ( ! functions ( ea*2 ,hom]'s ,conte/ 7#ahgb71 a comp>ison ( ! anci5t & mod]n individuali/ic /rife1 9 :i* 0 po9t$ out ! necessity ( competition 9 any successful commonweal?2 ,! ,relation ( ,s*op5hau]'s ,philosophy to a ,g]man ,culture 7#ahgb71 a gay attack ^u c]ta9 phases ( ,g]man phili/9ism1 ) ! sugge/ion t ,s*op5hau]'s philosophy w\ld prove an excell5t c\nt]-irritant2 ,philosophy ,dur+ ! ,tragic ,age ( ! ,greeks 7#ahgc71 a brilliant acc\nt & exposition ( ^? ,greek ?9k]s :o prec$$ ,socrates2 & ,on ,tru? & ,falsity 9 _! ,ultramoral ,s5se 7#ahgc71 a rhapsodic refutation ( ! !ory ( absolute tru?1 9 :i* we f9d _m d5ials ( ! values atta*$ to curr5t conv5tions4 ,^! d5ials we are con/antly meet+ 9 ! major "p ( ,nietzs*e's lat] "w4 ,9 ,volume ,i ( ,?\ghts ,out ( ,season we f9d two essays3 ,david ,/rauss1 ! ,confessor & ,writ] 7writt5 9 #ahgc71 & ,ri*>d ,wagn] at ,bayreu? 7writt5 dur+ ! close ( #ahge & at ! beg9n+ ( #ahgf74 ,! fir/ essay is an attack ^u an ex-cl]ical :o set up a philosoph]'s %op 9 ,nietzs*e's day & succe$$ 9 suffici5tly inflam+ ! popul> m9d to secure = himself a wide & ard5t foll[+4 ,nietzs*e1 ang]$ by ! effect t ,/rauss's sophi/ries _h ^u ! ,g]man m9d1 und]took to answ] !m & %[ up _! spuri\sness4 ,9 ! essay on ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 ,nietzs*e prais$ ! compos] 9 no unc]ta9 t]ms1 hail+ him z a savi\r ( mank9d ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! drama4 ,nietzs*e ?\ght he saw 9 ,wagn] a k9dr$ _s1 a man free f ! n>r[ dictates ( 8 "t1 "o capable ( e/abli%+ a new ord] ( ?+s 9 ! realm ( art4 ,subsequ5tly ! philosoph] turn$ aga9/ ,wagn] & d5\nc$ him bitt]ly = 8 anti-,hell5ic t5d5cies4 ,volume ,,ii ( ,?\ghts out ( ,season conta9s ,! ,use & ,abuse ( ,hi/ory & ,s*op5hau] z ,educator1 bo? writt5 9 #ahgd4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! essays ,nietzs*e attack$ ! /udy ( hi/ory :i* 0 !n ! =emo/ educational fad 9 ,g]many4 ,he d5i$ x a place 9 ! curriculum ( culture unless x _h = its f\ndation a pr(\nd k ( ! causes ( hi/ory4 ,also 9 ?is essay he made a plea = ! individuali/ic int]pretation ( hi/ory1 argu+ t ! ev5ts f\nd$ on ! activities ( majorities are useless to a true und]/&+ ( ! fundam5tals ( racial developm5t4 ,"h aga9 we enc\nt] ! =e%ad[+ ( ! philosophy ( ! sup]man4 ,nietzs*e paid high tribute to ,s*op5hau] 9 8 essay ,s*op5hau] z ,educator4 ,)\t subscrib+ unqualifi$ly to all ! doctr9es ( ! great pessimi/1 he nev]!less alli$ himself philosophically ) ,s*op5hau]'s !ory t all logic is an outgr[? ( ! law ( self-pres]vation4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahgd ,nietzs*e wrote a s]ies ( brief comm5ts deal+ ) ! subject ( education4 ,^! p>agraphs conta9 ab\t #bj1jjj words1 & 7 to h con/itut$1 :5 complet$1 ! fif? "p ( ,?\ghts ,out ( ,season4 ,he nev] f9i%$ !m1 h[ev]1 & !y 7 n publi%$ until aft] 8 dea?4 ,^! fragm5ts appe>1 "u ! caption ( ,we ,philologi/s1 at ! end ( ! volume entitl$ ,! ,case ( ,wagn]4 ,we ,philologi/s is a prote/ aga9/ ! mann] 9 :i* classical culture 0 promulgat$ 9 ! univ]sities4 ,x (f]s a /++ criticism ( ^? ,g]man pr(essors1 ! philologi/s1 to :om 0 entru/$ ! duty ( dissem9at+ ,greek cultural ideals1 & 9 addition pres5ts a concise outl9e ( :at g5u9e ,hell5ic culture %\ld consi/4 ,nietzs*e prote/s aga9/ ! filt]+ ( pagan antiquity ?r\gh ,*ri/ian doctr9es--! me?od ( tea*+ !n 9 vogue--& insi/s t su* a =m ( education entirely misses its aim4 ,al?\gh ,we ,philologi/s is comp>atively ( small value to ! /ud5t ( ,nietzs*e's lat] philosophy1 x is int]e/+ to note t z e>ly z #ahgd1 8 anti-,*ri/ian _s 0 already well def9$4 ,! f\r essays conta9$ 9 ! two volumes ( ,?\ghts out ( ,season & ,we ,philologi/s 7 ! fir/ ( an int5d$ s]ies ( pamphlets to be call$ ,unzeitgemsse ,betra*tung5#a b ! s]ies 0 nev] f9i%$4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,nietzs*ean philosophical ideas _h unque/ionably begun to take def9ite =m4 ,already !re _h be5 attempts at ideali/ic & morali/ic valuations4 ,!re _h also be5 a consid]able am\nt ( t prelim9>y analysis :i* 0 to =m a f\ndation = ! de/ructive & con/ructive ?\ghts ( lat] ye>s4 ,9 ^! essays ,nietzs*e _h already begun to /rike 8 be>+s1 & :ile !y _c be tak5 z a "p ( 8 philosophical s*eme1 !y nev]!less =m an excell5t introduction = ^? /ud5ts :o c>e to g beh9d ! f9al expression ( 8 ideas & behold !m 9 embryo4 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 foll[+ two ye>s lat]1 came z a di/9ct surprise ev5 to ,nietzs*e's mo/ intimate fri5ds3 ,wagn] especially 0 horrifi$ at ! h]esies conta9$ 9 x4 ,!re _h n be5 suffici5t indications 9 8 e>li] writ+s = "o to pr$ict s deva/at+ an arraignm5t ( mod]n life z 0 conta9$ 9 ?is "w4 ,x 0 a dep>ture1 n only 9 ?\ght b also 9 mann]1 f all else he _h writt54 ,! conv5tional essay =m _h be5 set aside = an aphori/ic /yle4 ,"h we f9d a s]ies ( p>agraphs v>y+ 9 l5g? f a few l9es to a page or m1 ea* deal+ ) a sep>ate & syllogi/ically deta*$ idea4 ,! epigram1 :i* 0 to play su* an important "p 9 all ( ,nietzs*e's writ+s1 is also f\nd 9 abundance4 ,! =m 9 :i* ^! two volumes are ca/ gives ! effect ( a man fell+ a giant tree ) a ?\s& bl[s ( an axe1 z di/+ui%$ f ! me?od ( ! man :o saws x d[n gradually & cont9u\sly4 ,despite its muscul> & incisive qualities1 ! mann] ( ?is "w is calm4 ,z a :ole x is an excell5t example ( ^? writ+s :i* ,nietzs*e himself has call$ ,apollonian4 ,at times "o ev5 feels a t5tativ5ess 9 its utt]ances n unlike t :i* atta*es to ! /eps a man takes 9 a region he kn[s to be full ( quicks&s4 ,9 ?is reg>d x is int]e/+ to note h[ a c]ta9 insecurity at ! beg9n+ ( ! "w1 :i* manife/s itself 9 ultra-obscure passages1 lat] gives way to a cl>ity & hum\r indicative ( almo/ wanton tem]ity4 ,9 ?is book ,nietzs*e passes f ! academician to ! iconocla/4 ,he bridges ! *asm f ! doctor ( philology to ! indep5d5t ?9k]4 ,x is ! record ( ! psy*ological transition ( 8 m9d2 & ?is record is evid5t 9 bo? 8 outlook & 8 habits ( expression4 ,nietzs*e1 at 8 bir? z a ?9k]1 pres5ts himself z an ar*-nihili/4 ,he realis$ ! necessity ( de/roy+ ! univ]se be=e an und]/&+ ( x 0 possible1 & s ! two volumes ( ,human1 ,all-,too-,human are almo/ entirely de/ructive4 ,9 ?is "w we h ,nietzs*e ! trail-blaz]1 ! inc5di>y1 ! idol-sma%]1 ! pessimi/1 ! deva/ator4 ,"o by "o ! doctr9es & t5ets1 /r5g!n$ by ! accumulative acceptance ( c5turies1 g d[n be=e 8 bludgeon4 ,piece by piece ! univ]se ( reality is neutralis$ by 8 analyses4 ,e human transaction1 e phase ( human hope & aspiration1 is r$uc$ to negation4 ,anci5t & mod]n cultures are dissect$ unsp>+ly4 ,political sy/ems are /ripp$ ( _! integum5ts & _! orig9s expos$4 ,new valuations are atta*$ to ! great arti/s & writ]s4 ,_m ( ,nietzs*e's mo/ fam\s def9itions gr[ out ( ! ru?less inque/s he makes 9 ?is "w4 ,?is uncompassionate cle>+ away ( accept$ values prep>$ ! way = ! books :i* 7 to come4 ,once hav+ asc]ta9$ ! f\ndation on :i* human actions are built1 ! pa? 0 cle> = recon/ruction & reorganisation4 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 !n1 0 ! fir/ indirect voic+ ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy4 ,all else _h be5 m]e skirmi%+ ) ideas4 ,only vaguely & desultorily _h 8 op9ions be5 h]et(ore voic$4 ,8 analysis ( hi/ory1 8 criticisms ( anci5t & mod]n ?\ght1 _h actually pri$ away ! sup]ficial manife/ations ( exi/5ce & giv5 him t insight into ! und]curr5ts ( causation :i* 0 lat] to inspire him 9 8 "w4 ,= ?is reason we are m consci\s ( ! man ?an ( ! philosoph] :5 read+ ! s]ies ( aphorisms :i* con/itute ! ma9 body ( ?is docum5t4 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human is 9 ! ma9 an inquiry into ! fundam5tal reasons = human conduct4 ,nietzs*e devotes 8 ef=ts to %[+ t ideals1 :5 pu%$ to _! f9al analysis1 reveal a basis 9 human ne$4 ,especially does he conc]n himself ) ! causes und]ly+ curr5t moral doctr9es4 ,he po9ts out t !re is no /atic & absolute morality1 b t all moral codes are sy/ems ( deportm5t f\nd$ on human conditions 9 accordance ) ! environm5tal ne$s ( a p4 ,f ?is he /ates ! coroll>y t all morality is subject to alt]ation1 am5dm5t & abrogation4 ,he ass]ts ! relativity ( ! t]ms good & evil1 & d5ies ! ju/ice ( any f9al criticism ( "r & wrong z appli$ to any human action4 ,f ?is ,nietzs*e d$uces ! =mula :i* is at ! bottom ( all individuali/ic philosophy1 namely3 t :at is immoral = "o man is moral = ano!r1 & t ! application ( any moral code is undesirable = ! reason t no sy/em ( conduct c apply alike to all m54 ,?us any attempt on ! "p ( any "o man to direct ! actions ( any o!r man is 9 itself an immorality1 because x is an attempt to h9d] & ret>d ! developm5t ( ! individual4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t ,nietzs*e's arrival at ?is conclusion is a direct & simple affair bas$ on sup]ficial obs]vation4 ,nor is x 9 itself ! end = :i* he /rives4 ,to ! contr>y1 ! conclusion is /at$ ma9ly by inf]5ce4 ,! "w he lays out = himself is "o ( analysis1 & "u 8 critical scalpel fall religions1 political in/itutions & nations1 z well z individuals4 ,:]ev] he f9ds a belief ^: orig9 is consid]$ div9e1 he te>s away its surface *>act]i/ics & inquires into x4 ,9 e in/ance he f9ds a human gr\nd = x4 ,go+ /ill fur!r1 he po9ts out t all in/itutions1 9 ord] to meet ! con/antly fluctuat+ conditions ( society1 mu/ subject !mselves to *ange4 ,a multiplicity ( !mes comes "u ,nietzs*e's obs]vation 9 ?is "w4 ,n only is !re a great deal ( ab/ract reason+ b also a va/ am\nt ( brilliant & p5etrat+ criticism ( m5 & art4 ,anci5t & mod]n philosoph]s1 noveli/s1 poets1 musicians1 dramati/s1 z well z !ories ( art1 lit]ature & music1 "h come "u 8 c>eful & acute analysis4 ,!re are passages ( />tl+ poetry int]polat$ betwe5 p>agraphs ( cynical & de/ructive rese>*4 ,nietzs*e reveals himself z a s*ol>1 ! philologi/1 ! hi/orian & ! sci5ti/1 z well z ! ?9k]4 ,! am\nt ( g5]al k he displays 9 ne>ly e l9e ( human endeav\r is a/oni%+4 ,9 8 mo/ elaborate processes ( ratioc9ation he is always capable ( adh]+ to au!nticat$ facts4 ,he nev] side-/eps into ! purely metaphysical or d5ies ! exi/5ce ( corporeality once x has be5 assum$ z a hypo!sis4 ,he breaks once & = all ) ! metaphysicians & ^w-juggl]s4 ,d5y+ all reason 9 ! ,kantian s5se1 he is always scrupul\sly reasonable4 ,al?\gh no direct philosophical doctr9es are prop\nd$ 9 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 ,nietzs*e _h und\bt$ly outl9$ 9 8 m9d ! con/ructive works :i* 7 to come lat]4 ,h[ev]1 9 read+ ?is "w "o f9ds b little indication--& t only obscurely h9t$ at--( ! transvaluation ( values :i* 0 to foll[ ! devaluation4 ,we h no h9t1 = in/ance1 ( ! doctr9e ( ! sup]man o!r ?an an impli$ ideal ( an intellectual ari/ocracy :i* w p]mit ( ! highe/ developm5t2 ( ! individual4 ,evolution beyond ! pres5t is m5tion$ b indirectly4 ,! future1 to ?is de/ructive ,nietzs*e1 is non-exi/5t4 ,8 eyes are cont9ually turn$ t[>d ! pa/ & !y %ift no fur!r ?an ! pres5t4 ,only ?r\gh implication is ! ,hell5ic ideal voic$1 & !n x is ) a c]ta9 degree ( speculation z to its efficacy 9 meet+ ! dem&s ( ! mod]n man4 ,greek culture is us$ l>gely z a means ( comp>ison1 or z an arbitr>y premise ( 8 dialectic4 ,! doctr9e ( et]nal recurr5ce1 :i* 0 to =m "o ( ! bases ( ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 is n ev5 sugge/$4 ,! w to p[]1 ! anti-,s*op5hau]ian doctr9e1 :i* is ! framework on :i* all ( ,nietzs*e's con/ructive ?9k+ is hung1 01 at ! "t ( 8 writ+ ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 a hypo!sis1 vague & undevelop$4 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human is ! fir/ "w ( ,nietzs*e "o %\ld read4 ,9 reality x is an elaborate introduction to 8 lat] works4 ,9 8 foll[+ book1 ,! ,dawn ( ,day1 comes ! bir? ( 8 philosophy2 x is ! fir/ real battle 9 8 righte\s w>f>e1 ! fir/ great blasphem\s assault ^u ! accept$ ord] ( ?+s4 ,b x _c be readily und]/ood or appreciat$ unless we h prep>$ ourselves = x4 ,! selection ( ! passages f ! pres5t two volumes has be5 extremely difficult1 due to _! multiplicity ( !mes & to ! het]og5eity ( _! treatm5t4 ,x is impossible to create a conv9c+ effect ( a raz$ =e/ by pres5t+ a picture ( an occasional fall5 tree4 ,h]e9 has la9 my *ief difficulty4 ,i h be5 able to %[ only sections ( ! de/ruction ( human values :i* ,nietzs*e "h accompli%es4 ,fur!rmore1 x has be5 impossible to give any v adequate idea ( ! va/ am\nt ( brilliant criticism ( m5 & art :i* is to be enc\nt]$ 9 ^! two volumes4 ,all ?is mu/ be got direct4 ,x has be5 possible only to sugge/ x "h4 ,^? portions ( ! books :i* ,i h be5 able to compreh5d 9 ^! exc]pts are necess>ily limit$ to ,nietzs*e's m important de/ructive conclusions4 ,footnote #a3 ,inopportune ,speculations4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,human1 ,,all-,,too-,,human ,ev]y?+ ess5tial 9 human developm5t happ5$ 9 pre-hi/oric times1 long be=e ^? f\r ?\s& ye>s :i* we "k some?+ (4444 #a1 #ae ,ev]y?+ has evolv$2 !re are no et]nal facts1 z !re are likewise no absolute tru?s4 #a1 #ae ,x is probable t ! objects ( religi\s1 moral1 /hetic & logical s5tim5t likewise belong only to ! surface ( ?+s1 :ile man will+ly believes t "h1 at lea/1 he has t\*$ ! he>t ( ! _w4444 #a1 #ag ,no?+ c\ld be said ( ! metaphysical _w b t x w\ld be a diff]5t condition1 a condition inaccessible & incompreh5sible to u2 x w\ld be a ?+ ( negative qualities4 ,7 ! exi/5ce ( su* a _w ev] s well prov$1 ! fact w\ld nev]!less rema9 t x w\ld be precisely ! mo/ irrelevant ( all =ms ( k4444 #a1 #ba-bb ,belief 9 ! fre$om ( ! w is an orig9al error ( ev]y?+ organic1 z old z ! exi/5ce ( ! awak5+s ( logic 9 x2 ! belief 9 uncondition$ sub/ances & simil> ?+s is equally a primordial z well z an old error ( ev]y?+ organic4 #a1 #cc ,a degree ( culture1 & assur$ly a v high "o1 is atta9$ :5 man rises above sup]/iti\s & religi\s notions & fe>s1 &1 = in/ance1 no long] believes 9 gu>dian angels or 9 orig9al s91 & has also ceas$ to talk ( ! salvation ( 8 s\l1--if he has atta9$ to ?is degree ( fre$om1 he has /ill also to ov]come metaphysics ) ! greate/ ex]tion ( 8 intellig5ce4 #a1 #ce ,away ) ^? we>isomely hackney$ t]ms ,optimism & ,pessimism6444 ,we mu/ get rid ( bo? ! calumniat+ & ! glorify+ conception ( ! _w4 #a1 #dc-dd ,error has made man s deep1 s5sitive1 & inv5tive t he has put =? su* blossoms z religions & arts4 ,pure k c\ld n h be5 capable ( x4 #a1 #dd-de ,! usual false conclusions ( mank9d are ^!3 a ?+ exi/s1 !re=e x has a "r to exi/4 ,"h !re is inf]5ce f ! ability to live to its suitability2 f its suitability to its rightfulness4 ,!n3 an op9ion br+s happ9ess2 !re=e x is ! true op9ion4 ,its effect is good2 !re=e x is itself good & true4 #a1 #de ,e belief 9 ! value & wor?9ess ( life is bas$ on vitiat$ ?\ght2 x is only possible ?r\gh ! fact t sympa?y = ! g5]al life & suff]+ ( mank9d is v weakly develop$ 9 ! individual4 #a1 #dg-dh ,sci5ce 444 has no consid]ation = ultimate purposes1 any m ?an ,nature has1 b j z ! latt] occasionally a*ieves ?+s ( ! greate/ suitabl5ess )\t int5d+ to d s1 s also true sci5ce1 z ! imitator ( nature 9 ideas1 w occasionally & 9 _m ways fur!r ! usefulness & welf>e ( man1--b also )\t int5d+ to d s4 #a1 #eh ,all s+le actions are call$ good or bad )\t any reg>d to _! motives1 b only on acc\nt ( ! useful or injuri\s consequ5ces :i* result = ! community4 ,b soon ! orig9 ( ^! di/9ctions is =gott51 & x is deem$ t ! qualities good or bad are conta9$ 9 ! action itself )\t reg>d to its consequ5ces4444 #a1 #ei ,! hi]>*y ( possessions 444 is n fix$ & equal at all times2 if any "o pref]s v5geance to ju/ice he is moral accord+ to ! /&>d ( an e>li] civilisation1 b immoral accord+ to ! pres5t "o4 #a1 #fc ,p :o are cruel n[adays mu/ be acc\nt$ = by u z ! grades ( e>li] civilisations :i* h surviv$4444 #a1 #fc ,c]ta9ly we %\ld exhibit pity1 b take good c>e n to feel x1 = ! un=tunate are s /upid t to !m ! exhibition ( pity is ! greate/ good 9 ! _w4 #a1 #fh ,! ?ir/ = pity is ! ?ir/ = self-gratification4444 #a1 #fi ,!re mu/ be self-deception 9 ord] t ?is & t may produce great effects4 ,= m5 believe 9 ! tru? ( ev]y?+ t is visibly1 /rongly believ$ 94 #a1 #ga ,"o ( ! commone/ mi/akes is ?is3 because "s "o is tru?ful & hone/ t[>ds u1 he mu/ speak ! tru?4 #a1 #ga ,:y d p mo/ly speak ! tru? 9 daily life8444 ,because 444 ! pa? ( compulsion & au?ority is sur] ?an t ( cunn+4 #a1gb ,"o may promise actions1 b no s5tim5ts1 = ^! are involunt>y4 #a1gf ,our crime aga9/ crim9als lies 9 ! fact t we treat !m l rascals4 #a1gi ,e virtue has its privileges2 = example1 t ( contribut+ its own little fagot to ! scaffold ( e condemn$ man4 #a1 #hj ,:y d we ov]-e/imate love to ! disadvantage ( ju/ice1 & say ! mo/ beautiful ?+s ab\t x1 z if x 7 some?+ v mu* high] ?an ! latt]8 ,is x n visibly m /upid ?an ju/ice8 ,c]ta9ly1 b precisely = t reason all ! pleasant] = e "o4 #a1 #ha ,hope1--9 reality 444 is ! wor/ ( all evils1 because x prolongs ! torm5ts ( man4 #a1 #hb ,"o w seldom g wrong if "o attributes extreme actions to vanity1 av]age ones to habit1 & petty ones to fe>4 #a1 #hc ,religion is ri* 9 excuses to reply to ! dem& = suicide1 & ?us x +ratiates itself ) ^? :o wi% to cl+ to life4 #a1 #he-hf ,! inju/ice ( ! p[]ful1 :i*1 m ?an any?+ else1 r\ses indignation 9 hi/ory1 is by no means s great z x appe>s4444 ,"o unconsci\sly takes x = grant$ t do] & suff]] ?9k & feel alike1 & accord+ to ?is supposition we measure ! guilt ( ! "o by ! pa9 ( ! o!r4 #a1 #hf-hg ,:5 virtue has slept1 x w arise aga9 all ! fre%]4 #a1 #hg ,:at a great deal ( pleasure morality gives6 ,only ?9k :at a sea ( pleasant te>s has be5 %$ ov] descriptions ( noble & unselfi% de$s6 ,?is *>m ( life w\ld vani% if ! belief 9 absolute irresponsibility ,7 to obta9 supremacy4 #a1 #ij ,ju/ice 7equity7 has its orig9 among/ p[]s :i* are fairly equal4444 ,! "* ( ex*ange is ! prim>y "* ( ju/ice4444 ,because man1 accord+ to 8 intellectual cu/om1 has =gott5 ! orig9al purpose ( s-call$ j & reasonable actions1 & p>ticul>ly because = hundr$s ( ye>s *ildr5 h be5 taught to admire & imitate su* actions1 ! idea has gradually aris5 t su* an action is un-egoi/ic2 ^u ?is idea1 h[ev]1 is bas$ ! high e/imation 9 :i* x is held4444 #a1 #ij-ia ,! feel+ ( pleasure on ! basis ( human relations g5]ally makes man bett]2 joy 9 common1 pleasure enjoy$ toge!r is increas$1 x gives ! individual security1 makes him good-temp]$1 & dispels mi/ru/ & envy1 = we feel ourselves at ease & see o!rs at ease4 ,simil> manife/ations ( pleasure awak5 ! idea ( ! same s5sations1 ! feel+ ( be+ l some?+2 a l effect is produc$ by common suff]+s1 ! same bad wea!r1 dang]s1 enemies4 ,^u ?is f\ndation is bas$ ! olde/ alliance1 ! object ( :i* is ! mutual obviat+ & av]t+ ( a ?reat5+ dang] = ! b5efit ( ea* individual4 ,& ?us ! social in/9ct gr[s out ( pleasure4 #a1 #ig ,! aim ( malice is n ! suff]+ ( o!rs 9 itself1 b our own enjoym5t4444 #a1 #ajb ,if self-def5ce is all[$ to pass z moral1 !n almo/ all manife/ations ( ! s-call$ immoral egoism mu/ also /&4444 #a1 #ajd ,he :o is puni%$ does n des]ve ! puni%m5t1 he is only us$ z a means ( h5ce=? w>n+ away f c]ta9 actions2 equally s1 he :o is rew>d$ does n m]it ?is rew>d1 he c\ld n act o!rwise ?an he did4 #a1 #aje ,betwe5 good & evil actions !re is no diff]5ce ( species1 b at mo/ ( degree4 ,good actions are sublimat$ evil ones2 evil actions are vulg>is$ & /upefi$ good ones4 #a1 #ajh ,! religi\s cult is bas$ ^u ! repres5tations ( sorc]y betwe5 man & man4444 #a1 #aba ,*ri/ianity 444 oppress$ man & cru%$ him utt]ly1 s9k+ him z if 9 deep mire2 !n into ! feel+ ( absolute depravity x sudd5ly ?rew ! light ( div9e m]cy1 s t ! surpris$ man1 dazzl$ by =giv5ess1 gave a cry ( joy & = a mom5t believ$ t he bore all heav5 )9 himself4 #a1 #abd ,p to :om _! daily life appe>s too empty & monoton\s easily gr[ religi\s2 ?is is compreh5sible & excusable1 only !y h no "r to dem& religi\s s5tim5ts f ^? ^: daily life is n empty & monoton\s4 #a1 #abe ,no man ev] did a ?+ :i* 0 done only = o!rs & )\t any p]sonal motive4444 #a1 #acd ,9 e ascetic morality man wor%ips "o "p ( himself z a ,god1 & is oblig$1 !re=e1 to diabolise ! o!r p>ts4 #a1 #adj ,:at is x t we long = at ! sight ( beauty8 ,we long to be beautiful1 we fancy x mu/ br+ mu* happ9ess ) x4 ,b t is a mi/ake4 #a1 #aef ,!re is an art ( ! ugly s\l side by side ) ! art ( ! beautiful s\l4444 #a1 #aeg ,arti/s ( repres5tation are especially held to be possess$ ( g5ius1 b n sci5tific m54 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 ! =m] valuation & ! latt] "u-valuation are only pu]ilities ( reason4 #a1 #aff-afg ,a good au?or possesses n only 8 own intellect1 b also t ( 8 fri5ds4 #a1 #agh ,to look ^u writ+ z a regul> pr(ession %\ld ju/ly be reg>d$ z a =m ( madness4 #a1 #aha ,a conv]sation ) a fri5d w only be> good fruit ( k :5 bo? ?9k only ( ! matt] "u consid]ation & =get t !y are fri5ds4 #a1 #ahc ,complete praise has a weak5+ effect4 #a1 #ahd ,!re w always be a ne$ ( bad au?ors2 = !y meet ! ta/e ( read]s ( an undevelop$1 immature age4444 #a1 #ahe ,! born ari/ocrats ( ! m9d are n 9 too mu* ( a hurry2 _! creations appe> & fall f ! tree on "s quiet autumn ev5+1 )\t be+ ra%ly desir$1 in/igat$1 or pu%$ aside by new matt]4 ,! unceas+ desire to create is vulg>1 & betrays envy1 jeal\sy1 & ambition4 ,if a man is some?+1 x is n really necess>y = him to d any?+--& yet he does a great deal4 ,!re is a human species high] ev5 ?an ! productive man4444 #a1 #ahi ,deviat+ natures are ( ! utmo/ importance :]ev] !re is to be progress4 ,e :olesale progress mu/ be prec$$ by a p>tial weak5+4 ,! /ronge/ natures reta9 ! type1 ! weak] ones help x to develop4 #a1 #bjh ,9 ! k ( tru?1 :at really matt]s is ! possession ( x1 n ! impulse "u :i* x 0 s\ght1 ! way 9 :i* x 0 f\nd4 #a1 #baj ,! fett]$ _s does n take up 8 position f conviction1 b f habit2 he is a ,*ri/ian1 = in/ance1 n because he _h a compreh5sion ( diff]5t cre$s & c\ld take 8 *oice2 he is an ,engli%man1 n because he decid$ = ,engl&1 b he f\nd ,*ri/ianity & ,engl& ready-made & accept$ !m )\t any reason1 j z "o :o is born 9 a w9e-c\ntry becomes a w9e-dr9k]4 #a1 #baa ,! re/riction ( views1 :i* habit has made in/9ct1 leads to :at is call$ /r5g? ( "*4 #a1 #bab-bac ,! highe/ intellig5ce & ! w>me/ he>t _c exi/ toge!r 9 "o p]son1 & ! wise man :o passes judgm5t ^u life looks beyond goodness & only reg>ds x z some?+ :i* is n )\t value 9 ! g5]al summ+-up ( life4 ,! wise man mu/ oppose ^? digressive wi%es ( un9tellig5t goodness1 because he has an int]e/ 9 ! cont9uance ( 8 type & 9 ! ev5tual appe>ance ( ! highe/ intellect2 at lea/1 he w n advance ! f\nd+ ( ! p]fect ,/ate1 inasmu* z !re is only room 9 x = we>i$ individuals4 #a1 #bah-bai ,int]e/ 9 ,education w acquire great /r5g? only f ! mom5t :5 belief 9 a ,god & ,8 c>e is r5\nc$4444 ,an education t no long] believes 9 miracles mu/ pay att5tion to ?ree ?+s3 fir/1 h[ mu* en]gy is inh]it$8 secondly1 by :at means c new en]gy be ar\s$8 ?irdly1 h[ c ! individual be adapt$ to s _m & manifold claims ( culture )\t be+ disquiet$ & de/roy+ 8 p]sonality1--9 %ort1 h[ c ! individual be initiat$ into ! c\nt]po9t ( private & public culture1 h[ c he lead ! melody & at ! same "t accompany x4 #a1 #bbd-bbe ,a high] culture mu/ give man a d\ble bra91 two bra9-*amb]s1 s to speak1 "o to feel sci5ce & ! o!r to feel non-sci5ce1 :i* c lie side by side1 )\t confusion1 divisible1 exclusive2 ?is is a necessity ( heal?4 ,9 "o "p lies ! s\rce ( /r5g?1 9 ! o!r lies ! regulator2 x mu/ be heat$ ) illusions1 onesid$nesses1 passions2 & ! malici\s & dang]\s consequ5ces ( ov]heat+ mu/ be av]t$ by ! help ( consci\s ,sci5ce4 #a1 #bcb ,simultane\s ?+s hold toge!r1 x is said4 ,a relative dies f> away1 & at ! same "t we dream ab\t him1--,consequ5tly6 ,b c\ntless relatives die & we d n dream ab\t !m4444 ,?is species ( sup]/ition is f\nd aga9 9 a ref9$ =m 9 hi/orians & del9eators ( culture1 :o usually h a k9d ( hydrophobic horror ( all t s5seless mixture1 9 :i* individual & national life is s ri*4 #a1 #bce ,x is true t 9 ! sph]es ( high] culture !re mu/ always be a supremacy1 b h5ce=? ?is supremacy lies 9 ! h&s ( ! olig>*s ( ! m9d4 ,9 spite ( local & political sep>ation !y =m a cohesive society1 ^: memb]s recognise & ackn[l$ge ea* o!r1 :atev] public op9ion & ! v]dicts ( review & newspap] writ]s :o influ5ce ! masses may circulate 9 fav\r ( or aga9/ !m4 ,m5tal sup]iority1 :i* =m]ly divid$ & embitt]$1 n[adays g5]ally unites4 444 ,olig>*s are necess>y to ea* o!r1 !y are ea* o!r's be/ joy1 !y und]/& _! signs1 b ea* is nev]!less free1 he fights & conqu]s 9 8 place & p]i%es r ?an submit4 #a1 #bdc ,! greate/ advance t m5 h made lies 9 _! acquisition ( ! art to reason rightly4 #a1 #bdi-bej ,! /r5g? & weakness ( m5tal productiv5ess dep5d f> less on inh]it$ tal5ts ?an on ! accompany+ am\nt ( ela/icity4 #a1 #bej ,:oev]1 9 ! pres5t day1 /ill d]ives 8 developm5t f religi\s s5tim5ts1 & p]haps lives = "s l5g? ( "t aft]w>ds 9 metaphysics & art1 has assur$ly gone back a consid]able di/ance & beg9s 8 race ) o!r mod]n m5 "u unfav\rable conditions2 he app>5tly loses "t & space4 ,b because he /ays 9 ^? doma9s :]e ard\r & en]gy are lib]at$ & =ce fl[s cont9u\sly z a volcanic /ream out ( an inexhau/ible s\rce1 he goes =w>d all ! m quickly z soon z he has fre$ himself at ! "r mom5t f ^? dom9ators4444 #a1 #beb ,:oev] wi%es to reap happ9ess & com=t 9 life %\ld always avoid high] culture4 #a1 #bee-bej ,all mank9d is divid$1 z x 0 at all times & is /ill1 into slaves & freem52 = :oev] has n two-?irds ( 8 day = himself is a slave4444 #a1 #bei ,if idl5ess is really ! beg9n+ ( all vice1 x f9ds itself1 !re=e1 at lea/ 9 ne> neighb\rhood ( all ! virtues2 ! idle man is /ill a bett] man ?an ! active4 ,y d n suppose t 9 speak+ ( idl5ess & idl]s ,i am allud+ to y1 y slugg>ds8 #a1 #bfj ,i believe t e "o mu/ h 8 own op9ion ab\t ev]y?+ conc]n+ :i* op9ions are possible1 because he himself is a peculi>1 unique ?+1 :i* assumes t[>ds all o!r ?+s a new & nev] hi!rto exi/+ attitude4 #a1 #bfj-bfa ,:oev] e>ne/ly desires to be free w !re) & )\t any compulsion lose all incl9ation = faults & vices2 he w also be m r>ely ov]come by ang] & vexation4 #a1 #bfa-bfb ,y mu/ h lov$ religion & art z y lov$ "m & nurse1--o!rwise y _c be wise4 ,b y mu/ be able to see beyond !m1 to outgr[ !m2 if y rema9 "u _! ban y d n und]/& !m4 #a1 #bfd ,! rage = equality may s manife/ itself t we seek ei!r to draw all o!rs d[n to ourselves 7by belittl+1 disreg>d+1 & tripp+ up71 or ourselves & all o!rs upw>ds 7by recognition1 assi/ance1 & congratulation74 #a1 #bfh ,we set no special value on ! possession ( a virtue until we p]ceive t x is entirely lack+ 9 our adv]s>y4 #a1 #bfi ,we =get our pret5sions :5 we are always consci\s ( be+ among/ m]itori\s p2 be+ alone implants presumption 9 u4 ,! "y are pret5ti\s1 = !y associate ) _! equals1 :o are all ciph]s b w\ld fa9 h a great significance4 #a1 #bga ,9 w>r+ aga9/ /upidity1 ! mo/ j & g5tle ( m5 at la/ become brutal4 ,!y are !reby1 p]haps1 tak+ ! prop] c\rse = def5ce2 = ! mo/ appropriate argum5t = a /upid bra9 is ! cl5*$ fi/4 ,b because1 z has be5 said1 _! "* is j & g5tle1 !y suff] m by ?is means ( protection ?an !y injure _! oppon5ts by x4 #a1 #bhd ,! p]fect woman is a high] type ( humanity ?an ! p]fect man1 & also some?+ mu* r>]4 #a1 #bie ,e "o be>s )9 him an image ( woman1 inh]it$ f 8 "m3 x det]m9es 8 attitude t[>ds woman z a :ole1 :e!r to hon\r1 despise1 or rema9 g5]ally indiff]5t to !m4 #a1 #bie-bif ,mo!rs are readily jeal\s ( ! fri5ds ( sons :o are p>ticul>ly successful4 ,z a rule "m loves h]self 9 h] son m ?an ! son4 #a1 #bif ,if m>ri$ c\ples did n live toge!r1 happy m>riages w\ld be m frequ5t4 #a1 #bih ,z a rule wom5 love a di/+ui%$ man to ! ext5t t !y wi% to possess him exclusively4 ,!y w\ld gladly keep him "u lock & key1 if _! vanity did n =bid1 b vanity dem&s t he %\ld also appe> di/+ui%$ be=e o!rs4 #a1 #bii ,^? girls :o mean to tru/ exclusively to _! y\?ful *>ms = _! provision 9 life1 & ^: cunn+ is fur!r prompt$ by worldly mo!rs1 h j ! same aims z c\rtesans1 only !y are wis] & less hone/4 #a1 #cjj ,= goodness' sake let u n give our classical education to girls6 #a1 #cja ,! intellect ( woman manife/s itself z p]fect ma/]y1 pres5ce ( m9d1 & utilisation ( all advantages4 ,!y transmit x z a fundam5tal quality to _! *ildr51 & ! fa!r adds !reto ! d>k] backgr\nd ( ! w4 ,8 influ5ce det]m9es z x 7 ! rhy?m & h>mony ) :i* ! new life is to be p]=m$2 b its melody is d]iv$ f ! "m4 ,= ^? :o "k h[ to put a ?+ prop]ly3 wom5 h intellig5ce1 m5 h "* & passion4 ,?is does n contradict ! fact t m5 actually a*ieve s mu* m ) _! intellig5ce3 !y h deep] & m p[]ful impulses2 & x is ^! :i* c>ry _! und]/&+ 79 itself some?+ passive7 to su* an ext5t4 ,wom5 are (t5 sil5tly surpris$ at ! great respect m5 pay to _! "*4 ,:51 !re=e1 9 ! *oice ( a p>tn] m5 seek specially = a be+ ( deep & /rong "*1 & wom5 = a be+ ( intellig5ce1 brilliancy1 & pres5ce ( m9d1 x is pla9 t at bottom m5 seek = ! ideal man1 & wom5 = ! ideal woman1--consequ5tly n = ! complem5t b = ! completion ( _! own excell5ce4 #a1 #cjb-cjc4 ,x is a sign ( wom5's wisdom t !y h almo/ always kn[n h[ to get !mselves support$1 l drones 9 a bee-hive4 ,let u j consid] :at ?is meant orig9ally1 & :y m5 d n dep5d ^u wom5 = _! support4 ,( a tru? x is because mascul9e vanity & rev]5ce are great] ?an fem99e wisdom2 = wom5 h kn[n h[ to secure = !mselves by _! subord9ation ! greate/ advantage1 9 fact1 ! upp] h&4 ,ev5 ! c>e ( *ildr5 may orig9ally h be5 us$ by ! wisdom ( wom5 z an excuse = )draw+ !mselves z mu* z possible f "w4 ,& at pres5t !y /ill und]/& :5 !y are really active 7z h\sekeep]s1 = in/ance7 h[ to make a bewild]+ fuss ab\t x1 s t ! m]it ( _! activity is usually t5 times ov]-e/imat$ by m54 #a1 #cjc ,m>riage is a necess>y in/itution = ! tw5ties2 a useful1 b n necess>y1 in/itution = ! ?irties2 = lat] life x is (t5 h>mful1 & promotes ! m5tal det]ioration ( ! man4 #a1 #cjh ,m>riage reg>d$ 9 its highe/ aspect1 z ! spiritual fri5d%ip ( two p]sons ( opposite sexes1 & accord+ly su* z is hop$ = 9 future1 contract$ = ! purpose ( produc+ & educat+ a new g5]ation1--su* m>riage1 :i* only makes use ( ! s5sual1 s to speak1 z a r>e & occasional means to a high] purpose1 w1 x is to be fe>$1 probably ne$ a natural auxili>y1 namely1 concub9age4 ,= if1 on ! gr\nds ( 8 heal?1 ! wife is also to s]ve1 = ! sole satisfaction ( ! man's sexual ne$s1 a wrong p]spective1 oppos$ to ! aims indicat$1 w h mo/ influ5ce 9 ! *oice ( a wife4 ,! aims ref]r$ to3 ! production ( desc5dants1 w be accid5tal1 & _! successful education highly improbable4 #a1 #cji ,we always lose ?r\gh too famili> association ) wom5 & fri5ds2 & sometimes we lose ! pe>l ( ( our life !reby4 #a1 #cab ,wom5 always intrigue privately aga9/ ! high] s\ls ( _! husb&s2 !y want to *eat !m out ( _! future = ! sake ( a pa9less & com=table pres5t4 #a1 #cae ,x is laughable :5 a company ( paup]s decree ! abolition ( ! "r ( inh]itance1 & x is n less laughable :5 *ildless p]sons lab\r = ! practical law-giv+ ( a c\ntry3 !y h n en\gh balla/ 9 _! %ip to sail safely ov] ! ocean ( ! future4 ,b x seems equally s5seless if a man :o has *os5 = 8 mission ! wide/ k & e/imation ( univ]sal exi/5ce1 burd5s himself ) p]sonal consid]ations ( a family1 ) ! support1 protection1 & c>e ( wife & *ild1 & 9 front ( 8 telescope hangs t gloomy veil ?r\gh :i* h>dly a ray f ! di/ant firmam5t c p5etrate4 ,?us #a1 too1 agree ) ! op9ion t 9 matt]s ( ! highe/ philosophy all m>ri$ m5 are to be suspect$4 #a1 #caf ,a high] culture c only orig9ate :]e !re are two di/9ct ca/es ( society3 t ( ! work+ class1 & t ( ! leisur$ class :o are capable ( true leisure2 or1 m /rongly express$1 ! ca/e ( compulsory lab\r & ! ca/e ( free lab\r4 #a1 #cai ,aga9/ w> x may be said t x makes ! victor /upid & ! vanqui%$ rev5geful4 ,9 fav\r ( w> x may be said t x b>b>ises 9 bo? its above-nam$ results1 & !reby makes m natural2 x is ! sleep or ! w9t] p]iod ( culture2 man em]ges f x ) great] /r5g? = good & = evil4 #a1 #cbb ,z reg>ds ,socialism1 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o always consid] high] utility1 if x is really a ris+ aga9/ _! oppressors ( ^? :o = c5turies h be5 oppress$ & d[ntrodd51 !re is no problem ( "r involv$ 7not)/&+ ! ridicul\s1 effem9ate "q1 ,h[ f> ought we to grant its dem&s87 b only a problem ( p[] 7,h[ f> c we make use ( its dem&s87 #a1 #cbb ,well may noble 7if n exactly v intellig5t7 repres5tatives ( ! gov]n+ classes assev]ate3 ,we w treat m5 equally & grant !m equal rights2 s f> a sociali/ic mode ( ?\ght :i* is bas$ on ju/ice is possible2 b1 z has be5 said1 only )9 ! ranks ( ! gov]n+ class1 :i* 9 ?is case practises ju/ice ) sacrifices & abnegations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to dem& equality ( rights1 z d ! ,sociali/s ( ! subject ca/e1 is by no means ! outcome ( ju/ice1 b ( covet\sness4 ,if y expose bloody pieces ( fle% to a bea/1 & )draw !m aga91 until x f9ally beg9s to ro>1 d y ?9k t ro>+ implies ju/ice8 #a1 #cbf-cbg ,:5 ! ,sociali/s po9t out t ! division ( prop]ty at ! pres5t day is ! consequ5ce ( c\ntless de$s ( inju/ice & viol5ce1 &1 9 summa1 repudiate obligation to any?+ ) s unrighte\s a basis1 !y only p]ceive some?+ isolat$4 ,! entire pa/ ( anci5t civilisation is built up on viol5ce1 slav]y1 deception1 & error2 we1 h[ev]1 _c annul ourselves1 ! heirs ( all ^! conditions1 nay1 ! concresc5ces ( all ?is pa/1 & are n entitl$ to dem& ! )drawal ( a s+le fragm5t !re(4 #a1 #cbg ,^? :o are b5t on revolutionis+ society may be divid$ into ^? :o seek some?+ = !mselves !reby & ^? :o seek some?+ = _! *ildr5 & gr&*ildr54 ,! latt] are ! m dang]\s1 = !y h ! belief & ! good consci5ce ( dis9t]e/$ness4 #a1 #cbi ,! fact t we reg>d ! gratification ( vanity z ( m acc\nt ?an all o!r =ms ( well-be+ 7security1 position1 & pleasures ( all sorts71 is %[n to a ludicr\s ext5t by e "o wi%+ = ! abolition ( slav]y & utt]ly abhorr+ to put any "o into ?is position4444 ,we prote/ 9 ! "n ( ! dignity ( man2 b1 express$ m simply1 t is j our d>l+ vanity :i* feels non-equality1 & inf]iority 9 public e/imation1 to be ! h>de/ lot ( all4 #a1 #ccj ,9 all in/itutions into :i* ! %>p breeze ( public criticism does n p5etrate an innoc5t corruption gr[s up l a fungus 7= in/ance1 9 le>n$ bodies & s5ates74 #a1 #ccf ,! belief 9 a div9e regulation ( political affairs1 9 a my/]y 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,/ate1 is ( religi\s orig93 if religion disappe>s1 ! ,/ate w inevitably lose its old veil ( ,isis1 & w no long] ar\se v5]ation4 ,! sov]eignty ( ! p1 look$ at closely1 s]ves also to dispel ! f9al fasc9ation & sup]/ition 9 ! realm ( ^! s5tim5ts2 mod]n democracy is ! hi/orical =m ( ! decay ( ! ,/ate4 #a1 #cdb ,socialism is ! fanta/ic y\ng] bro!r ( almo/ decrepit despotism1 :i* x wants to succe$2 its ef=ts are1 !re=e1 9 ! deepe/ s5se reaction>y4 ,= x desires su* an am\nt ( ,/ate ,p[] z only despotism has possess$1--inde$1 x outdoes all ! pa/1 9 t x aims at ! complete annihilation ( ! individual1 :om x deems an unau?oris$ luxury ( nature1 :i* is to be improv$ by x into an appropriate organ ( ! g5]al community4 ,ow+ to its relation%ip1 x always appe>s 9 proximity to excessive developm5ts ( p[]1 l ! old typical sociali/1 ,plato1 at ! c\rt ( ! ,sicilian tyrant2 x desires 7& "u c]ta9 circum/ances fur!rs7 ! ,cs>ian despotism ( ?is c5tury1 because1 z has be5 said1 x w\ld l to become its heir4 ,b ev5 ?is inh]itance w\ld n suffice = its objects1 x requires ! mo/ submissive pro/ration ( all citiz5s be=e ! absolute ,/ate1 su* z has nev] yet be5 realis$1 & z x c no long] ev5 c\nt ^u ! old religi\s piety t[>ds ! ,/ate1 b mu/ r /rive involunt>ily & cont9u\sly = ! abolition !re(1--because x /rives = ! abolition ( all exi/+ ,/ates1--x c only hope = exi/5ce occasionally1 "h & !re = %ort p]iods1 by means ( ! extreme/ t]rorism4 ,x is !re=e sil5tly prep>+ itself = reigns ( t]ror1 & drives ! ^w ju/ice l a nail into ! heads ( ! half-cultur$ masses 9 ord] to deprive !m completely ( _! und]/&+ 7aft] !y _h already suff]$ s]i\sly f ! half-culture71 & to provide !m ) a good consci5ce = ! bad game !y are to play4 ,socialism may s]ve to tea*1 v brutally & impressively1 ! dang] ( all accumulations ( ,/ate p[]1 & may s]ve s f> to inspire di/ru/ ( ! ,/ate itself4 #a1 #cdc-cdd ,x is no?+ b fanaticism & beautiful s\lism to expect v mu* 7or ev51 mu* only7 f humanity :5 x has =gott5 h[ to wage w>4 #a1 #cdi ,weal? necess>ily creates an ari/ocracy ( race1 = x p]mits ! *oice ( ! mo/ beautiful wom5 & ! engagem5t ( ! be/ tea*]s2 x all[s a man cleanl9ess1 "t = physical ex]cises1 &1 above all1 immunity f dull+ physical lab\r4 #a1 #cea ,public op9ion--private laz9ess4 #a1 #ced ,convictions are m dang]\s enemies ( tru? ?an lies4 #a1 #cee ,! unreasonabl5ess ( a ?+ is no argum5t aga9/ its exi/5ce1 b r a condition !re(4 #a1 #cfa ,p :o talk ab\t _! importance to mank9d h a feeble consci5ce = common b\rgeois rectitude1 keep+ ( contracts1 promises1 etc4 #a1 #cfc ,! dem& to be lov$ is ! greate/ ( presumptions4 #a1 #cfc ,:5 a man ro>s ) laught] he surpasses all ! animals by 8 vulg>ity4 #a1 #cfi ,! fir/ op9ion t occurs to u :5 we are sudd5ly ask$ ab\t any?+ is n usually our own1 b only ! curr5t op9ion belong+ to our ca/e1 position1 or family2 our own op9ions seldom float on ! surface4 #a1 #cgb ,nobody talks m passionately ( 8 rights ?an he :o1 9 ! dep?s ( 8 s\l1 is d\btful ab\t !m4 #a1 #chj4 ,unconsci\sly we seek ! pr9ciples & op9ions :i* are suit$ to our temp]am5t1 s t at la/ x seems z if ^! pr9ciples & op9ions _h =m$ our "* & giv5 x support & /ability1 :]eas exactly ! contr>y has tak5 place4 ,our ?\ghts & judgm5ts are1 app>5tly1 to be tak5 subsequ5tly z ! causes ( our nature1 b z a matt] ( fact our nature is ! cause ( our s ?9k+ & judg+4 #a1 #chd ,! man ( unpleasant "*1 full ( di/ru/1 envi\s ( ! success ( fell[-competitors & neighb\rs1 viol5t & enrag$ at div]g5t op9ions1 %[s t he belongs to an e>li] grade ( culture1 & is1 !re=e1 an atavism2 = ! way 9 :i* he behaves to p 0 "r & suitable only = an age ( club-law2 he is an atavi/4 ,! man ( a diff]5t "*1 ri* 9 sympa?y1 w9n+ fri5ds ev]y:]e1 f9d+ all t is gr[+ & becom+ amiable1 rejoic+ at ! hon\rs & successes ( o!rs & claim+ no privilege ( solely kn[+ ! tru?1 b full ( a mode/ di/ru/1--he is a =]unn] :o presses upw>ds t[>ds a high] human culture4 #a1 #chh ,he :o has n pass$ ?r\gh diff]5t phases ( conviction1 b /icks to ! fai? 9 ^: net he 0 fir/ caught1 is1 "u all circum/ances1 j on acc\nt ( ?is un*angeabl5ess1 a repres5tative ( atavi/ic culture4444 #a1 #djj ,op9ions evolve out ( passions2 indol5ce ( intellect all[s ^? to congeal into convictions4 #a1 #djd ,he :o has atta9$ intellectual emancipation to any ext5t _c1 = a long "t1 reg>d himself o!rwise ?an z a w&]] on ! face ( ! e>?--& n ev5 z a travell] t[>ds a f9al goal1 = !re is no su* ?+4 #a1 #dje ,if we make x cle> to any "o t1 /rictly1 he c nev] speak ( tru?1 b only ( probability & ( its degrees1 we g5]ally discov]1 f ! undisguis$ joy ( our pupil1 h[ greatly m5 pref] ! unc]ta9ty ( _! intellectual horizon1 & h[ 9 _! he>t ( he>ts !y hate tru? because ( its def9it5ess4 #b1 #ae ,) all t en?usia/s say 9 fav\r ( _! gospel or _! ma/] !y are def5d+ !mselves1 h[ev] mu* !y comport !mselves z ! judges & n ! accus$3 because !y are involunt>ily rem9d$ almo/ at e mom5t t !y are exceptions & h to ass]t _! legitimacy4 #b1 #ah ,! belief 9 tru? beg9s ) ! d\bt ( all tru?s 9 :i* "o has previ\sly believ$4 #b1 #bj ,philosophic bra9s w 444 be di/+ui%$ f o!rs by _! disbelief 9 ! metaphysical significance ( morality4 #b1 #bi ,y hold t sacrifice is ! hallm>k ( moral action8--,j consid] :e!r 9 e action t is done ) delib]ation1 9 ! be/ z 9 ! wor/1 !re be n a sacrifice4 #b1 #cj ,x is m conv5i5t to foll[ "o's consci5ce ?an "o's intellig5ce1 = at e failure consci5ce f9ds an excuse & an enc\ragem5t 9 itself4 ,t is :y !re are s _m consci5ti\s & s few intellig5t p4 #b1 #cc ,all morali/s are %y1 because !y "k !y are conf\nd$ ) spies & traitors1 s soon z _! p5*ant is notic$4 ,besides1 !y are g5]ally consci\s ( be+ impot5t 9 action1 = 9 ! mid/ ( "w ! motives ( _! activity almo/ )draw _! att5tion f ! "w4 #b1 #db ,no "o accuses )\t an und]ly+ notion ( puni%m5t & rev5ge1 ev5 :5 he accuses 8 fate or himself4 ,all compla9t is accusation1 all self-congratulation is praise4 ,:e!r we d "o or ! o!r1 we always make "s "o responsible4 #b1 #dd ,we mu/ "k h[ to em]ge clean] f unclean conditions1 &1 if necess>y1 h[ to wa% ourselves ev5 ) dirty wat]4 #b1 #dd ,! orig9 ( morality may be trac$ to two ideas3 ,! community is ( m value ?an ! individual1 & ,! p]man5t int]e/ is to be pref]r$ to ! tempor>y4 ,! conclusion drawn is t ! p]man5t int]e/ ( ! community is unconditionally to be set above ! tempor>y int]e/ ( ! individual1 especially 8 mom5t>y well-be+1 b also 8 p]man5t int]e/ & ev5 ! prolongation ( 8 exi/5ce4 #b1 #df-dg ,we %\ld n %r9k f tread+ ! road to a virtue1 ev5 :5 we see cle>ly t no?+ b egotism1 & accord+ly utility1 p]sonal com=t1 fe>1 consid]ations ( heal?1 reputation1 or glory1 are ! impell+ motives4 ,^! motives are /yl$ ignoble & selfi%4 ,v well1 b if !y /imulate u to "s virtue--= example1 self-d5ial1 dutifulness1 ord]1 ?rift1 measure1 & mod]ation--let u li/5 to !m1 :atev] _! epi!ts may be6 #b1 #dh ,! t5d5cy ( a tal5t t[>ds moral subjects1 *>act]s1 motives1 t[>ds ! beautiful s\l ( ! "w ( art1 is (t5 only a glass eye put on by ! arti/ :o lacks a beautiful s\l4 #b1 #gh ,art is above all & meant to embelli% life1 to make u ourselves endurable & if possible agreeable 9 ! eyes ( o!rs4 ,) ?is task 9 view1 art mod]ates u & holds u 9 re/ra9t1 creates =ms ( int]c\rse1 b9ds ov] ! un$ucat$ to laws ( dec5cy1 cleanl9ess1 polit5ess1 well-tim$ spee* & sil5ce4 ,h5ce art mu/ conceal or transfigure ev]y?+ t is ugly--! pa9ful1 t]rible1 & disgu/+ elem5ts :i* 9 spite ( e ef=t w always break out afre% 9 accordance ) ! v orig9 ( human nature4 ,art has to p]=m ?is duty especially 9 reg>d to ! passions & spiritual agonies & anxieties1 & to cause ! significant factor to %9e ?r\gh unavoidable or unconqu]able ugl9ess4 ,to ?is great1 sup]-great task ! s-call$ art prop]1 t ( works ( art1 is a m]e accessory4 ,a man :o feels )9 himself a surplus ( su* p[]s ( embelli%m5t1 concealm5t1 & transfiguration w f9ally seek to unburd5 himself ( ?is surplus 9 works ( art4 ,! same holds good1 "u special circum/ances1 ( a :ole nation4 #b1 #ja-ib ,on great m9ds is be/[$ ! t]rify+ all-too-human ( _! natures1 _! bl9dnesses1 de=mities1 & extravagances1 s t _! m p[]ful1 easily all-too-p[]ful influ5ce may be cont9ually held )9 b\nds ?r\gh ! di/ru/ ar\s$ by su* qualities4 #b1 #ajj ,orig9al m9ds are di/+ui%$ n by be+ ! fir/ to see a new ?+1 b by see+ ! old1 well-kn[n ?+1 :i* is se5 & ov]look$ by e "o1 z some?+ new4 ,! fir/ discov]] is usually t q ord9>y & un9tellectual vision>y--*ance4 #b1 #aje ,! obvi\s satisfaction ( ! individual ) 8 own =m excites imitation & gradually creates ! =m ( ! _m--t is1 fa%ion4 #b1 #ajg ,:o ( u c\ld d>e to call himself a free _s if he c\ld n r5d] homage aft] 8 fa%ion1 by tak+ on 8 own %\ld]s a portion ( t burd5 ( public dislike & abuse1 to m5 to :om ?is "n is atta*$ z a reproa*8 #b1 #ajh ,imm$iate self-obs]vation is n en\gh1 by a long way1 to enable u to le>n to "k ourselves4 ,we ne$ hi/ory1 = ! pa/ cont9ues to fl[ ?r\gh u 9 a hundr$ *annels4 ,we ourselves are1 aft] all1 no?+ b our own s5sation at e mom5t ( ?is cont9u$ fl[4 #b1 #aag ,to "y & fre% b>b>ian nations 444 ,*ri/ianity is a poison4 #b1 #abj ,fai?1 inde$1 has up to ! pres5t n be5 able to move real m\nta9s1 al?\gh ,i d n "k :o assum$ t x c\ld4 ,b x c put m\nta9s :]e !re 0 none4 #b1 #aba ,among travell]s we may di/+ui% five grades4 ,! fir/ & l[e/ grade is ( ^? :o travel & are se5--!y become really travell$ & are1 z x 71 bl9d4 ,next come ^? :o really see ! _w4 ,! ?ird class exp]i5ce ! results ( _! see+4 ,! f\r? weave _! exp]i5ce into _! life & c>ry x ) !m h5ce=?4 ,la/ly1 !re are "s m5 ( ! highe/ /r5g? :o1 z soon z !y h return$ home1 mu/ f9ally & necess>ily "w out 9 _! lives & productions all ! ?+s se5 t !y h exp]i5c$ & incorporat$ 9 !mselves4--,l ^! five species ( travell]s1 all mank9d goes ?r\gh ! :ole pilgrimage ( life1 ! l[e/ z purely passive1 ! highe/ z ^? :o act & live out _! lives )\t keep+ back any residue ( inn] exp]i5ces4 #b1 #abe ,to treat all m5 ) equal good-hum\r1 & to be k9d )\t di/9ctions ( p]sons1 may arise z mu* f a pr(\nd contempt = mank9d z f an 9-gra9$ love ( humanity4 #b1 #abg ,t[>ds sci5ce wom5 & self-seek+ arti/s ent]ta9 a feel+ t is compos$ ( envy & s5tim5tality4 #b1 #acd ,! intellectual /r5g? ( a woman is be/ prov$ by ! fact t %e (f]s h] own intellect z a sacrifice out ( love = a man & 8 intellect1 & t nev]!less 9 ! new doma91 :i* 0 previ\sly =eign to h] nature1 a second intellect at once arises z an aft]gr[?1 to :i* ! man's m9d impels h]4 #b1 #acf ,by wom5 ,nature %[s h[ f> %e has hi!rto a*iev$ h] task ( fa%ion+ humanity1 by man %e %[s :at %e has _h ov]come1 & :at %e /ill proposes to d = humanity4 #b1 #acg ,:5ce arises ! sudd5 passion ( a man = a woman1 a passion s deep1 s vital8 ,lea/ ( all f s5suality only3 b :5 a man f9ds weakness1 ne$ ( help1 & high spirits unit$ 9 ! same creature1 he suff]s a sort ( ov]fl[+ ( s\l1 & is t\*$ & (f5d$ at ! same mom5t4 ,at ?is po9t arises ! s\rce ( great love4 #b1 #adj ,pr(undity ( ?\ght belongs to y\?1 cl>ity ( ?\ght to old age4 #b1 #adj ,! only rem$y aga9/ ,socialism t /ill lies 9 y\r p[] is to avoid provok+ ,socialism--9 o!r words1 to live 9 mod]ation & cont5tm5t1 to prev5t z f> z possible all lavi% display1 & to aid ! ,/ate z f> z possible 9 its tax+ ( all sup]fluities & luxuries4 #b1 #ade ,only a man ( intellect %\ld hold prop]ty3 o!rwise prop]ty is dang]\s to ! community4 ,= ! own]1 n kn[+ h[ to make use ( ! leisure :i* 8 possessions might secure to him1 w cont9ue to /rive aft] m prop]ty4444 ,x excites envy 9 ! poor & uncultur$--:o at bottom always envy culture & see no mask 9 ! mask--& gradually paves ! way = a social revolution4 #b1 #adg-adh ,only up to a c]ta9 po9t does possession make m5 feel fre] & m indep5d5t2 "o /ep f>!r1 & possession becomes "l1 ! possessor a slave4 #b1 #adi ,! gov]nm5ts ( ! great ,/ates h two in/rum5ts = keep+ ! p indep5d5t1 9 fe> & ob$i5ce3 a co>s]1 ! army1 & a m ref9$1 ! s*ool4 #b1 #aeb ,to call a ?+ good n a day long] ?an x appe>s to u good1 & above all n a day e>li]--t is ! only way to keep joy pure4 #b1 #aeh ,to hon\r & ackn[l$ge ev5 ! bad1 :5 x pleases "o1 & to h no conception ( h[ "o c\ld be a%am$ ( be+ pleas$ !reat1 is ! m>k ( sov]eignty 9 ?+s great & small4 #b1 #aeh-aei ,:5 life has treat$ u 9 true robb] fa%ion1 & has tak5 away all t x c\ld ( hon\r1 joys1 connections1 heal?1 & prop]ty ( e k9d1 we p]haps discov] 9 ! end1 aft] ! fir/ %ock1 t we are ri*] ?an be=e4 ,= n[ we "k = ! fir/ "t :at is s peculi>ly ours t no robb] h& c t\* x1 & p]haps1 aft] all ! plund] & deva/ation1 we come =w>d ) ! airs ( a mighty real e/ate own]4 #b1 #afb ,y rank f> bel[ o!rs :5 y try to e/abli% ! exception & !y ! rule4 #b1 #afg ,! mo/ s5ile ?\ght ev] conceiv$ ab\t m5 lies 9 ! fam\s say+1 ,! ego is always hateful1 ! mo/ *ildi% 9 ! /ill m fam\s say+1 ,love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4--,) ! "o k ( m5 has ceas$1 ) ! o!r x has n yet begun4 #b1 #agb ,y f9d y\r burd5 ( life too heavy8 ,!n y mu/ increase ! burd5 ( y\r life4 #b1 #agf ,t ! _w is n ! ab/ract ess5ce ( an et]nal reasonabl5ess is suffici5tly prov$ by ! fact t t bit ( ! _w :i* we "k--,i mean our human reason--is none too reasonable4 ,& if ?is is n et]nally & :olly wise & reasonable1 ! re/ ( ! _w w n be s ei!r4 #b1 #ahd ,!re exi/s a simulat$ contempt = all ?+s t mank9d actually holds mo/ important1 = all ev]yday matt]s4 ,= in/ance1 we say we only eat to live--an abom9able lie1 l t :i* speaks ( ! procreation ( *ildr5 z ! real purpose ( all sexual pleasure4 ,conv]sely1 ! rev]5ce = ! mo/ important ?+s is h>dly ev] q g5u9e4 #b1 #ahe ,! doctr9e ( free w is an inv5tion ( ! rul+ classes4 #b1 #aij ,if a ,god creat$ ! _w1 he creat$ man to be 8 ape1 z a p]petual s\rce ( amusem5t 9 ! mid/ ( 8 r t$i\s et]nities4 #b1 #aic ,! robb] & ! man ( p[] :o promises to protect a community f robb]s are p]haps at bottom be+s ( ! same m\ld1 save t ! latt] atta9s 8 ends by o!r means ?an ! =m]--t is to say1 ?r\gh regul> impo/s paid to him by ! community1 & no long] ?r\gh =c$ contributions4 #b1 #bjj ,! /+ ( consci5ce1 l ! gnaw+ ( a dog at a /one1 is m]e fooli%ness4 #b1 #bag ,rights may be trac$ to traditions1 traditions to mom5t>y agreem5ts4 #b1 #bag ,morality is prim>ily a means ( pres]v+ ! community & sav+ x f de/ruction4 ,next x is a means ( ma9ta9+ ! community on a c]ta9 plane & 9 a c]ta9 degree ( b5evol5ce4 ,its motives are fe> & hope1 & ^! 9 a m co>se1 r\gh1 & p[]ful =m1 ! m ! prop5sity t[>ds ! p]v]se1 "o-sid$1 & p]sonal /ill p]si/s4 #b1 #bba ,moral prohibitions1 l ^? ( ! ,decalogue1 are only suit$ to ages :5 reason lies vanqui%$4 #b1 #bbc ,x is difficult to expla9 :y pity is s highly priz$1 j z we ne$ to expla9 :y ! unselfi% man1 :o is orig9ally despis$ or fe>$ z be+ artful1 is prais$4 #b1 #bbd ,! sum-total ( our consci5ce is all t has regul>ly be5 dem&$ ( u1 )\t reason1 9 ! days ( our *ildhood1 by p :om we respect$ or fe>$4 #b1 #bbd ,e ^w is a preconceiv$ judgm5t4 #b1 #bbe ,! fatalism ( ! ,turk has ?is fundam5tal defect1 t x contra/s man & fate z two di/9ct ?+s4 ,man1 says ?is doctr9e1 may /ruggle aga9/ fate & try to baffle x1 b 9 ! end fate w always ga9 ! victory4 ,h5ce ! mo/ rational c\rse is to resign oneself or to live z "o pleases4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 e man is himself a piece ( fate4 ,:5 he ?9ks t he is /ruggl+ aga9/ fate 9 ?is way1 fate is accompli%+ its ends ev5 9 t /ruggle4 ,! combat is a fantasy1 b s is ! resignation 9 fate--all ^! fantasies are includ$ 9 fate4--,! fe> felt by mo/ p ( ! doctr9e t d5ies ! fre$om ( ! w is a fe> ( ! fatalism ( ! ,turk4 ,!y imag9e t man w become weakly resign$ & w /& be=e ! future ) fold$ h&s1 because he _c alt] any?+ ( ! future4 ,or t he w give a free re9 to 8 caprices1 because ! pr$e/9$ _c be made worse by t c\rse4 ,! follies ( m5 are z mu* a piece ( fate z are 8 wise actions1 & ev5 t fe> ( belief 9 fate is a fatality4 ,y y\rself1 y poor timid creature1 are t indomitable ,moira1 :i* rules ev5 ! ,gods2 :atev] may happ51 y are a curse or a bless+1 & 9 any case ! fett]s :]e9 ! /ronge/ lies b\nd3 9 y ! :ole future ( ! human _w is pr$e/9$1 & x is no use = y to be fright5$ ( y\rself4 #b1 #bbh-bbi ,9 ! fir/ era ( ! high] humanity c\rage is acc\nt$ ! mo/ noble virtue1 9 ! next ju/ice1 9 ! ?ird temp]ance1 9 ! f\r? wisdom4 #b1 #bcj ,sup]ficial1 inexact obs]vation sees contra/s ev]y:]e 9 nature 7= in/ance1 hot & cold71 :]e !re are no contra/s1 only diff]5ces ( degree4 #b1 #bca ,on two hypo!ses alone is !re any s5se 9 pray]1 t n q ext9ct cu/om ( old5 times4 ,x w\ld h to be possible ei!r to fix or alt] ! w ( ! godhead1 & ! devotee w\ld h to "k be/ himself :at he ne$s & %\ld really desire4 ,bo? hypo!ses1 axiomatic & traditional 9 all o!r religions1 are d5i$ by ,*ri/ianity4 #b1 #bce-bcc ,di/ru/ is ! t\*/one = ! gold ( c]ta9ty4 #b1 #bff ,wra? & puni%m5t are our inh]itance f ! animals4 ,man does n become ( age until he has re/or$ to ! animals ?is gift ( ! cradle4--,h]e9 lies buri$ "o ( ! mightie/ ideas t m5 c h1 ! idea ( a progress ( all progresses4--,let u g =w>d toge!r a few mill5niums1 my fri5ds6 ,!re is /ill res]v$ = mank9d a great deal ( joy1 ! v sc5t ( :i* has n yet be5 waft$ to ! m5 ( our day6 ,inde$1 we may promise ourselves ?is joy1 nay summon & conjure x up z a necess>y ?+1 s long z ! developm5t ( human reason does n /& /ill4 ,"s day we %all no long] be reconcil$ to ! logical s9 t lurks 9 all wra? & puni%m5t1 :e!r ex]cis$ by ! individual or by society--"s day1 :5 head & he>t h le>nt to live z ne> toge!r z !y n[ are f> ap>t4 ,t !y no long] /& s f> ap>t z !y did orig9ally is fairly palpable f a glance at ! :ole c\rse ( humanity4 ,! individual :o c review a life ( introspective "w w become consci\s ( ! rappro*em5t arriv$ at1 ) a pr\d delight at ! di/ance he has bridg$1 9 ord] t he may !reupon v5ture ^u m ample hopes4 #b1 #bhd-bhe ,natural dea? is indep5d5t ( all reason & is really an irrational dea?1 9 :i* ! pitiable sub/ance ( ! %ell det]m9es h[ long ! k]nel is to exi/4444 #b1 #bhf ,! m fully & ?or\ghly we live1 ! m ready we are to sacrifice life = a s+le pleasurable emotion4 #b1 #bhh ,all intellectual movem5ts :]eby ! great may hope to rob & ! small to save1 are sure to prosp]4 #b1 #caa-cab ,! desire = victory & pre-em95ce is an in]adicable trait ( human nature1 old] & m primitive ?an any respect ( or joy 9 equality4 #b1 #cab ,if all alms 7 giv5 only out ( compassion1 ! :ole tribe ( begg>s w\ld long s9ce h di$ ( />vation4444 ,! greate/ ( almsgiv]s is c[>dice4 #b1 #cag ,! ex]tion ( p[] is labori\s & dem&s c\rage4 ,t is :y s _m d n ass]t _! mo/ valid rights1 because _! rights are a k9d ( p[]1 & !y are too lazy or too c[>dly to ex]cise !m4 ,indulg5ce & pati5ce are ! names giv5 to ! virtues t cloak ^! faults4 #b1 #cai-cbj ,/upid z a man1 say ! wom52 ,c[>dly z a woman1 say ! m54 ,/upidity 9 a woman is unfem99e4 #b1 #cbh ,all political "w1 ev5 ) great /atesm51 is an improvisation t tru/s to luck4 #b1 #ccb ,! s-call$ arm$ peace t prevails at pres5t 9 all c\ntries is a sign ( a bellicose disposition1 ( a disposition t tru/s nei!r itself nor its neighb\r1 &1 p>tly f hate1 p>tly f fe>1 refuses to lay d[n its weapons4 ,bett] to p]i% ?an to hate & fe>1 & twice z f> bett] to p]i% ?an to make oneself hat$ & fe>$--?is mu/ "s day become ! supreme maxim ( e political community6444 #b1 #bcf ,9 ord] t prop]ty may h5ce=? inspire m confid5ce & become m moral1 we %\ld keep op5 all ! pa?s ( "w = small =tunes1 b %\ld prev5t ! ef=tless & sudd5 acquisition ( weal?4 ,accord+ly1 we %\ld take all ! bran*es ( transport & trade :i* fav\r ! accumulation ( l>ge =tunes--especially1 !re=e1 ! money m>ket--out ( ! h&s ( private p]sons or private companies1 & look ^u ^? :o own too mu*1 j z ^u ^? :o own no?+1 z types fraught ) dang] to ! community4 #b1 #cdj ,if we try to det]m9e ! value ( lab\r by ! am\nt ( "t1 indu/ry1 good or bad w1 con/ra9t1 inv5tiv5ess or laz9ess1 hone/y or make-believe be/[$ ^u x1 ! valuation c nev] be a j "o4 ,= ! :ole p]sonality w\ld h to be ?r[n into ! scale1 & ?is is impossible4 #b1 #cdj ,! exploitation ( ! work] 01 z we n[ und]/&1 a piece ( folly1 a robb]y at ! exp5se ( ! future1 a jeop>disation ( society4 ,we almo/ h ! w> n[1 & 9 any case ! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ peace1 ( conclud+ treaties & w9n+ confid5ce1 w h5ce=? be v great1 because ! folly ( ! exploit]s 0 v great & long-la/+4 #b1 #cda ,! masses are z f> z possible remov$ f ,socialism z a doctr9e ( alt]+ ! acquisition ( prop]ty4 ,if once !y get ! /e]+-:eel into _! h&s1 ?r\gh great majorities 9 _! ,p>liam5ts1 !y w attack ) progressive taxation ! :ole dom9ant sy/em ( capitali/s1 m]*ants1 & f9anci]s1 & w 9 fact sl[ly create a middle class :i* may =get ,socialism l a disease t has be5 ov]come4 #b1 #cdc ,! ,two ,pr9ciples ( ! ,new ,life4--,fir/ ,pr9ciple3 to arrange "o's life on ! mo/ secure & tangible basis1 n z hi!rto ^u ! mo/ di/ant1 undet]m9$1 & cl\dy f\ndation4 ,second ,pr9ciple3 to e/abli% ! rank ( ! ne>e/ & ne>] ?+s1 & ( ! m & less secure1 be=e "o arranges "o's life & directs x to a f9al end4 #b1 #cea ,?r\gh ! c]ta9 prospect ( dea? a preci\s1 fragrant drop ( frivolity might be mix$ ) e day life--& n[1 y s+ul> druggi/-s\ls1 y h made ( dea? a drop ( poison1 unpleasant to ta/e1 :i* makes ! :ole ( life hide\s4 #b1 #cee ,we speak ( ,nature1 &1 9 do+ s1 =get ourselves3 we ourselves are ,nature1 qu& mme4 #b1 #cef-ceg ,we %\ld n let ourselves be burnt = our op9ions--we are n s c]ta9 ( !m z all t4 ,b we might let ourselves be burnt = ! "r ( possess+ & *ang+ our op9ions4 #b1 #ceh ,man has be5 b\nd ) _m *a9s1 9 ord] t he may =get to comport himself l an animal4 ,& inde$ he has become m g5tle1 m intellectual1 m joy\s1 m m$itative ?an any animal4 ,b n[ he /ill suff]s f hav+ c>ri$ 8 *a9s s long1 f hav+ be5 s long )\t pure air & free movem5t--^! *a9s1 h[ev]1 are1 z ,i repeat aga9 & aga91 ! pond]\s & significant errors ( moral1 religi\s1 & metaphysical ideas4 ,only :5 ! disease ( *a9s is ov]come is ! fir/ great goal rea*$--! sep>ation ( man f ! brute4 #b1 #cfb-cfc ,,iii ,! ,dawn ( ,day ,! fir/ "w to foll[ ! transitional & prep>atory criticism & comm5t ( ,human1 ,all-,too-,human 0 ,! ,dawn ( ,day 7,morg5-rte74 ,su* a treatise deal+ ) ,nietzs*e's con/ructive & analytical ?9k+1 0 no d\bt expect$4 ,no man c\ld s effectively rattle ! bones ( ! old] gods1 c\ld s wantonly trample d[n ! t5ets /r5g!n$ by ! tea*+s ( c5turies1 c\ld s ru?lessly annihilate ! accept$ e?ical /&>ds & religi\s =mul1 unless !re exi/$ back ( 8 bludgeon a positivity ( w :i* impli$ creation & con/ruction4 ,nietzs*e realis$ ! significance ( ?is new book1 & at its completion1 e>ly 9 #ahha1 s5t an urg5t lett] to 8 publi%] reque/+ its imm$iate pr9t+4 ,! publi%]1 h[ev]1 fail+ to atta* any importance to ! docum5t1 delay$ its issuance until late 9 ! summ]1 at :i* "t its appe>ance caus$ no excitem5t & b little comm5t4 ,! ,dawn ( ,day nev]!less ranks among ,nietzs*e's be/ works4 ,its title1 frankly symbolic1 reflects ! nature ( its cont5ts4 ,x 0 ! beg9n+ ( ,nietzs*e's positive philosophy4 ,9 x he beg9s 8 actual "w ( recon/ruction4 ,_m ( its passages =m ! f\ndation ( ^? lat] books :]e9 he augm5t$ & develop$ 8 !ories4 ,h[ev]1 !re is "h no radical *ange 9 8 ?\ght4 ,! passages are logical sequ5ces to t simple nihilism ( prevail+ cu/oms :i* occupi$ him 9 8 =m] essays4 ,9 8 e>lie/ beg9n+s we c see evid5ces ( ! direction 8 tea*+s 7 to take4 ,8 books up to ! la/ 7 ma9ly developm5ts & elaborations ( ! ?\ghts :i* 7 9 8 m9d f ! fir/4 ,?\gh (t5 vaguely conceiv$ & unco-ord9at$1 ^! ?\ghts 7 ! und5iable prop]ty ( 8 own ?9k+4 ,al?\gh !re h be5 _m attempts to trace eclectic influ5ces to ! m5 ( 8 "t1 & especially to ,s*op5hau]1 ! results ( su* critical endeav\rs h be5 easily controv]t$ by ! pla9e/ ( int]nal evid5ce4 ,! philosophical ,nietzs*e has 8 roots firmly implant$ 9 ! s*ola/ic ,nietzs*e2 & ?\gh 9 sup]ficial & non-important phases ( 8 ?\ght he *ang$ f "t to "t1 ! mo/ dilig5t rese>* fails to reveal direct contradictions 9 any ( 8 fundam5tal doctr9es4 ,9 ,! ,dawn ( ,day ,nietzs*e goes aga9 into ! orig9 ( morality4 ,he c>ries 8 analyses fur!r & supports !m by additional enquiries & by m complicat$ processes ( reason+4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ ! place :i* morals assume 9 ! human scale & det]m9$ _! relation to racial necessities1 he po9ts out t _! application z p]man5t & unalt]able m&ates works havoc 9 any environm5t save t 9 :i* !y 7 conceiv$4 ,inasmu* z all morality is at bottom b an expression ( exp$i5cy1 x foll[s t1 s9ce ! means ( exp$i5cy *ange "u v>y+ conditions1 morality mu/ *ange to meet ! con/antly metamorphos+ conditions ( society4 ,& s9ce ! conditions ( life are nev] ! same 9 all nations1 moral codes mu/ likewise adapt !mselves to geography 9 ord] to fulfil _! function4 ,! exi/+ code ( morals1 namely3 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 grew out ( conditions :i* 7 n only diff]5t f ^? 9 :i* we live to-day1 b 9 _m in/ances diametrically oppos$ to !m4 ,nietzs*e saw a grave dang] 9 adh]+ to an e?ical sy/em :i* 0 n relative to ! mod]n man1 & argues t ! result ( su* a morality w\ld produce effects :i* w\ld h no intellig5t be>+ on ! racial problems ( ! pres5t day4 ,kn[+ ! deep-root$ sup]/ition 9 man reg>d+ ! div9e orig9 ( moral laws1 he und]takes ! task ( relat+ all anci5t codes to ! racial conditions exi/5t at _! inception1 ?us con/ruct+ a human orig9 = !m4 ,*ri/ianity1 be+ ! greate/ moral =ce ( ! day1 attract$ ,nietzs*e's att5tion ! mo/1 & 9 ,! ,dawn ( ,day mu* space is devot$ to a consid]ation ( x4 ,:ile 9 tone ^! p>agraphs are mild] ?an ^? :i* foll[$ 9 ,! ,anti*ri/1 !y nev]!less are among ! pr(\nde/ criticisms :i* ,nietzs*e made ( ,naz>5e morality4 ,?\gh only a portion ( ! aphorisms conta9$ 9 ?is "w are devot$ to an evaluation ( !ological modes ( conduct1 /umbl+ blocks are ?r[n 9 ! pa? ( an acceptance ( ,jewi% e?ics :i* ! mo/ sapi5t ( mod]n ecclesia/ics h be5 unable to remove4 ,out ( c]ta9 aphorisms f\nd "h grew ,! ,anti*ri/ :i* is ! mo/ t]rible & effective excoriation t ,*ri/ianity has ev] call$ =?4 ,beg9n+ on page #ff ( ,! ,dawn ( ,day !re appe>s "o ( ,nietzs*e's mo/ fundam5tal passages deal+ ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is call$ ,! ,fir/ ,*ri/ian1 & is an analysis ( ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,no !ological dialectician has be5 able to answ] x4 ,"h is an aphorism s illum9at+1 s pr(\nd1 yet s brief1 z to dazzle completely ! lay m9d4 ,h[ev]1 ,*ri/ianity is b "o ( ! subjects dealt ) 9 ,! ,dawn ( ,day4 ,! book cov]s ! :ole field ( mod]n morality4 ,says ,nietzs*e 9 8 introduction2 ,9 ?is book we f9d a 'subt]re/rial' at "w1 digg+1 m9+1 und]m9+4444 ,i w5t d[n into ! deepe/ dep?s2 ,i tunnell$ to ! v bottom2 ,i />t$ to inve/igate & une>? an old fai? :i* = ?\s&s ( ye>s we philosoph]s us$ to build on z ! safe/ ( all f\ndations4444 ,i began to und]m9e our fai? 9 morals4 ,x is true t f ! beg9n+ ( hi/ory !re has exi/$ a rul+ scale ( values det]m9+ ! acts ( humanity4 ,morality implies ! dom9ation ( c]ta9 classes :i*1 9 ord] to inspire rev]5ce 9 arbitr>y dictates1 h inve/$ _! codes ) an au?ority o!r ?an a human "o4 ,?us has criticism be5 /ifl$4 ,morality has _h ! means ( intimidation on its side1 & has disc\rag$ inve/igation by ex]cis+ sev]e p5alties4 ,consequ5tly morality has accumulat$ & gr[n1 ga!r$ p[] & swept on )\t its ?9k]s1 its philosoph]s or its analy/s4 ,( all ! sci5ces1 ! sci5ce ( conduct has be5 ! la/ to attract inve/igators4 ,! vogue ( t /yle ( philosophy :i* 0 f\nd$ on ! tradition ( speculation & honeycomb$ ) presuppositions1 did n pass out until ! adv5t ( ,d>w9's evolutionism4 ,b ev5 ! inauguration ( biology & sociology did n entirely elim9ate ! metaphysical assumption f con/ructive ?9k+4 ,! sci5ti/s !mselves1 n exclud+ ,d>w91 hesitat$ to ackn[l$ge ! laws ( natural selection & ( ! survival ( ! fit4 ,neo-,lam>ckism 0 b "o ( ! reactions aga9/ ?is t\gh & unpleasant !ory4 ,alfr$ ,russel ,wallace &1 to take an ev5 m significant figure1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 endeav\r$ to refute ! possibility ( a biological basis 9 ?\ght & ?us to avoid an acquiesc5ce to ! ,d>w9ian rese>*4 ,john ,fiske1 an av[$ evolutioni/1 indirectly repudiat$ ! sci5tific orig9 ( philosophy2 & likewise mo/ ( ! less] ?9k]s1 foll[+ ! exposition ( ,d>w9's !ories1 refus$ to apply to man ! biological laws gov]n+ ! animal k+dom4 ,balf\r & ,huxley s5s$ ! incongruities & v>iances 9 ?is new mode ( ?9k+1 & /rove to bridge ! *asm betwe5 natural sci5ce & human conduct1 & to con/ruct a sy/em ( e?ics :i* w\ld possess a logical & naturali/ic f\ndation4 ,b 9 bo? cases ! "q 0 begg$4 ,we f9d ,balf\r build+ up a moral sy/em :i*1 :ile x did n d5y ,d>w9ism1 _h = its end ! de/ruction1 or at lea/ ! alt]ation1 ( natural laws4 ,& ,huxley def9es human progress z an ov]com+ ( biological pr9ciples4 ,?us1 ev5 9 ! mo/ mat]iali/ic ( physio-psy*ologi/s1 ! subjugation ( natural laws 0 ! prim>y !sis4 ,biology1 !re=e1 in/ead ( be+ us$ z a basis to fur!r philosophy1 0 consid]$ an ob/acle :i* philosophy _h to ov]come4 ,nietzs*e saw t a sci5ce ( conduct bas$ on natural & physiological laws 0 a possible & logical ?+4 ,& 9 him1 = ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( philosophical ?\ght1 d we f9d a s*ol>ly & at ! same "t an intellectual critic ( au?oris$ /&>ds4 ,! biological po9t ( view 0 nev] lo/ sight ( by him4 ,if at times he seem$ to ab&on x1 x 0 b = a brief p]iod2 he ev] came back to x4 ,ev5 8 mo/ ab/ract passages h _! feet implant$ 9 ! fact t all ph5om5a are answ]able to ! law ( vital fitness4 ,be=e ! tribunal ( biology ,nietzs*e arraigns & tries e phase ( 8 ?\ght1 :e!r x deals ) physical ph5om5a1 e?ical conduct or ) ab/ract reason+4 ,philosophy1 = c5turies divorc$ f sci5ce1 is "h clo!d 9 ! g>m5ts ( sci5tific exp]im5tation2 a relation%ip is e/abli%$ betwe5 ^! two planes ( rationalism & empiricism :i* h always be5 consid]$ by o!r ?9k]s z deta*$ & unrelat$4 ,nor does ,nietzs*e ally himself1 ei!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 ) su* philosoph]s z ,bruno & ,plato 7:o /ood betwe5 ! sci5tific ?9k]s on ! "o h& & ! ab/ract dialecticians on ! o!r71 & attempt a =mulation ( a sy/em ( ?\ght f\nd$ on intuitive processes4 ,su* poetic conceptions _h no fasc9ation = him except z !y 7 directly applicable to ! problem ( ! univ]se4 ,^? m5 :o busi$ !mselves ) ! m]e !ory ( k he held z sup]]ogatory cobweb-sp9n]s2 & ev5 9 ! realm ( metaphysicians su* z ,desc>tes1 ,sp9oza & ,leibniz1 he dalli$ b casually4 ,8 aim 0 to relate all ?\ght to det]m9able values ( life4 ,9 8 introduction ,nietzs*e calls morality ! ,circe ( philosophies1 & adds3 ,=1 to :at is x due t1 f ,plato onw>ds1 all ! philosophic ar*itects 9 ,europe h built 9 va98 ,lat] b5ea? 8 analysis--:i* nev] assumes ! negative qualities ( ! metaphysical--! moral ph5om5on goes to pieces1 n by a few simple /rokes1 nor yet by ! effront]y ( cynicism or pessimism1 b by ! mo/ c>eful & intricate surg]y4 ,he po9ts out ! great h]etics ( hi/ory z examples ( ! m5 :o1 look$ at ?r\gh ! eyes ( contempor>ies1 7 wick$ m51 b :o1 "u diff]5t environm5tal circum/ances1 7 consid]$ good4 ,he d5ies ! /atic hypo!sis on :i* morality is built1 & po/ulates ! !ory t immorality is n )\t its place 9 ! developm5t ( ! reason4 ,he is con/antly attempt+ to translate ! exi/+ moral values into t]ms ( _! true nature1 n necess>ily into immoralities1 b into natural unmoralities4 ,! accept$ virtues1 su* z pity1 hone/y1 fai?1 ob$i5ce1 s]vice1 loyalty & self-sacrifice1 are que/ion$ 9 _! relation to racial ne$s2 & mod]n attitudes t[>d all human activities are trac$ to _! causes & judg$ z to _! influ5ce4 ,! rese>* "w 9 ! pres5t book diff]s f t conta9$ 9 previ\s volumes4 ,h]et(ore ,nietzs*e indulg$ 9 inquiry )\t speculation2 he dealt ma9ly ) g5]alities4 ,8 analyses 7 along broad l9es ( human conduct4 ,he conf9$ himself = ! mo/ "p to pr9ciples4 ,b 9 ,! ,dawn ( ,day ^! pr9ciples are balanc$ ) exi/5t morality4 ,specific modes ( moral & e?ical endeav\r are weigh$ aga9/ exp$i5cy4 ,nietzs*e pres5ts a diagnosis ( ! fundam5tal nature ( society to-day1 & discov]s _m contradictions & inconsi/5cies betwe5 mod]n social ne$s & ^? virtues held 9 ! highe/ rev]5ce4 ,he f9ds t deportm5tal means made use ( by weak & subjugat$ peoples ( anci5t times to protect !mselves aga9/ ho/ile invad]s1 are reta9$ & practis$ to-day by nations ^: position has be5 rev]s$ to "o ( dom9ation4 ,9 %ort1 he po9ts out t c]ta9 moralities h1 by ! alt]ation ( national & racial conditions1 become irrelevancies4 ,consequ5tly !re is (t5 a compromise betwe5 e?ical beliefs & e?ical practices--a compromise made necess>y by ! dem&s ( social int]c\rse4 ,ev5 :5 ! practice ( ^! anci5t moralities is consci5ti\sly indulg$ 91 ,nietzs*e d5ies _! adequacy 9 cop+ ) mod]n conditions1 po9t+ out specific in/ances 9 :i* necessity & habit are con/antly imp++4 ,= in/ance1 ! s(t] virtues ( a democratic & sociali/ic morality are %[n to be desirable only 9 weak5$ nations :]e ! h>di] virtues ( egotism1 cruelty1 effici5cy1 h>d-m9d$ness1 selfi%ness & retaliation w\ld "w directly aga9/ pres]vation4 ,out ( ^! conclusions gr[s a plea = individualism1 & out ( ?is individualism ! sup]man c be se5 re>+ 8 head above ! horizon ( pres5t-day humanity4 ,! qualities ( ?is man ( ! future are def9$1 & a f+] is po9t$ along ! necess>y l9es ( racial culture4 ,nietzs*e's fir/ def9ite voic+ ( m>riage ideals foll[s 9 ! tra9 ( ! sup]man's appe>ance1 & ! fir/ comm5ts ( ?is philosoph] 9 8 criticism ( woman are set d[n4 ,9 ?is latt] reg>d ,nietzs*e has be5 unfairly int]pret$ by ^? :o h consid]$ 8 attitude t[>d woman sup]ficially or )\t relat+ x to 8 g5]al !ories4 ,x w\ld be well !re=e = ! /ud5t to )hold judgm5t 9 ?is p>ticul> until ! v>i\s elem5ts ( ,nietzs*e's philosophical sy/em h be5 co-ord9at$ & und]/ood4 ,woman plays an important1 if small1 "p 9 8 writ+s1 & 8 passages deal+ ) wom5 %\ld be c>efully weigh$ 9 conjunction ) 8 !ory ( ! sup]man4 ,9 ,! ,dawn ( ,day ,nietzs*e's conception ( class di/9ction is def9$ & relat$ to 8 lat] tea*+s4 ,?r\gh\t 8 analyses runs a subtle und]curr5t ( 8 doctr9e1 ( social segregation :i* f9ds def9ite expression t[>d ! end ( ! volume :]e mod]n socialism1 ) its altruism & philan?ropy1 is trac$ to its bir? 9 ,naz>5e morality4 ,9 place ( ?is pres5t popul> =m ( e?ics ,nietzs*e proposes a social rgime 9 :i* ari/ocratic culture w be set ap>t f m]e utilit>ian culture by v def9ite b\nd>ies4 ,he argues t n only is ?is disassociation 9 accord ) ! in/9cts ( mank9d1 b t1 z a workable !orem1 x adequately answ]s ! ne$s ( pres5t conditions4 ,! slave-morality & ! ma/]-morality :i* he develops 9 8 lat] works are def9$ t5tatively & sugge/$ by inf]5ce 9 _m ( ! aphorisms4 ,out ( ?is conception grew 8 dom9ant pr9ciple ( ! w to p[]1 & 9 ,! ,dawn ( ,day we f9d ?is pr9ciple set =? 9 adequate def9ition = ! fir/ "t1 al?\gh ! developm5t ( ! idea is left till lat]4 ,h[ev]1 ,nietzs*e makes cle> its po9t ( div]g5ce f ! ,s*op5hau]ian !ory ( ! w to live z well z f ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( ! survival ( ! fitte/4 ,b x is n alone ab/ract !ory t occupies ! pages ( ?is book4 ,nietzs*e is nev] ! m]e metaphysician battl+ 9 an unreal _w4 ,!re are few d>k closets & secret passageways 9 8 ?\ght4 ,beyond a metaphysical hypo!sis he does n g4 ,he adh]es to demon/rable =mulas1 & reasons along l9es ( /ricte/ reality4 ,! practical man he holds 9 high e/eem1 & con/antly praises ! advance ( sci5ce4 ,he devotes pages to ! bl[+ to pieces ( metaphysical air-ca/les4 ,b1 z ,i h previ\sly po9t$ out1 he is 9 no s5se ( ! ^w a mat]iali/2 nor is 8 assumption ( ! _w t ( ! reali/s4 ,life to ,nietzs*e is an et]nal /ruggle t[>d--no goal4 ,! lessons ! _w has to tea* are z s mu* false doctr9e4 ,! mean+ ( life--! s-call$ absolute tru?--is b a *im]a4 ,intellig5ce is a process1 n an ultimatum4 ,! tru? is mobile & dual1 dep5d5t on v>y+ causes4 ,9 accept+ ! mat]ial _w1 ,nietzs*e does n grant x4 ,9 assum+ natural laws1 he d5ies !m4 ,9 8 adh]5ce to logic & to ! processes ( cause & effect1 he is accept+ phantoms & inconsi/5cies1 & yet x is along ^! l9es t ! race progresses4 ,9 ,! ,dawn ( ,day ,nietzs*e makes use ( ! same aphori/ic /yle z t employ$ 9 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human4 7,?is brok51 /accato =m he uses ?r\gh\t ! rema9d] ( 8 works1 except 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra47 ,ea* p>agraph is caption$ & deals ) a specific phase ( morality or ) a def9ite critical attitude t[>d human conduct4 ,"s ( ^! p>agraphs are sc>cely a l9e 9 l5g?--m]e def9itions or similes4 ,o!rs ext5d ov] sev]al pages4 ,b !y always p]ta9 to a s+le idea4 ,occasionally !y are 9 ! =m ( a brief conv]sation2 at o!r times !y are %ort qu]ies4 ,"o ( ^! aphorisms is entitl$ ,! ,battle ,disp5s>y ( ! ,s\l1 & ?is is :at foll[s3 ,:at is ! mo/ efficaci\s rem$y8 ,victory4 ,t is all--brief1 & p]haps1 on fir/ read+1 inconsequ5t4 ,b /udy x a mom5t1 & y w f9d 9 x ! nucleus ( a great revolution>y doctr9e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 turn to aphorism #adb1 call$ ,sympa?y1 & y w discov] sev]al pages ( fla%+ comm5t>y4 ,out ( ! *aos ( 8 /yle spr+s a feel+ ( pla/ic =m4 ,^! brief p>agraphs are n deta*$ & desultory4 ,!y are pyramid$ on "o ano!r1 & b5ea? !m runs an und]curr5t ( unifi$ ?9k+4 ,:5 ! end ( ! book is rea*$ we h a c>efully fabricat$ edifice1 & we realise t ea* p>agraph has be5 "s necess>y beam or decoration 9 its con/ruction4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,! ,,dawn ,,( ,,day ,morality is no?+ else 7&1 above all1 no?+ m7 ?an ob$i5ce to cu/oms1 ( :atsoev] nature !y may be4 ,b cu/oms are simply ! traditional way ( act+ & valu+4 ,:]e !re is no tradition !re is no morality2 & ! less life is gov]n$ by tradition1 ! n>r[] ! circle ( morality4 ,! free man is immoral1 because x is 8 w to dep5d ^u himself & n ^u tradition3 9 all ! primitive /ates ( humanity evil is equival5t to individual1 free1 arbitr>y1 unaccu/om$1 un=ese51 incalculable4 ,9 su* primitive conditions1 always measur$ by ?is /&>d1 any action p]=m$--n because tradition comm&s x1 b = o!r reasons 7e4g41 on acc\nt ( its individual utility71 ev5 = ! same reasons z _h be5 =m]ly e/abli%$ by cu/om--is t]m$ immoral1 & is felt to be s ev5 by ! v man :o p]=ms x1 = x has n be5 done out ( ob$i5ce to tradition4 #ad-ae ,popul> m$ic9es & popul> morals are closely relat$1 & %\ld n be consid]$ & valu$1 z is /ill cu/om>y1 9 s diff]5t a way3 bo? are mo/ dang]\s & make-believe sci5ces4 #ai ,all ^? sup]ior m51 :o felt !mselves irresi/ibly urg$ on to ?r[ (f ! yoke ( "s morality or o!r1 _h no o!r res\rce--if !y 7 n really mad--?an to feign madness1 or actually to become insane4 ,& ?is holds good = innovators 9 e dep>tm5t ( life1 & n only 9 religion & politics4 #ba ,e "o :o has hi!rto ov]?r[n a law ( e/abli%$ morality has always at fir/ be5 consid]$ z a wick$ man3 b :5 x 0 aft]w>ds f\nd impossible to re-e/abli% ! law1 & p gradually became accu/om$ to ! *ange1 ! epi!t 0 *ang$ by sl[ degrees4 ,hi/ory deals almo/ exclusively ) ^! wick$ m51 :o lat] on came to be recognis$ z good m54 #bh ,a man :o is "u ! influ5ce ( ! morality ( cu/om comes to despise causes fir/ ( all1 secondly consequ5ces1 & ?irdly reality1 & weaves all 8 high] feel+s 7rev]5ce1 sublimity1 pride1 gratitude1 love7 into an imag9>y _w3 ! s-call$ high] _w4 ,& ev5 to-day we c see ! consequ5ces ( ?is3 :]ev]1 & 9 :atev] fa%ion1 man's feel+s are rais$1 t imag9>y _w is 9 evid5ce4 #dj ,! hi/ory ( ! moral feel+s is entirely diff]5t f ! hi/ory ( moral conceptions4 ,! fir/-m5tion$ are p[]ful be=e ! action1 & ! latt] especially aft] x1 9 view ( ! necessity = mak+ "o's self cle> 9 reg>d to !m4 #da ,tru/+ 9 our feel+s simply means obey+ our gr&fa!r & gr&mo!r m ?an ! gods )9 ourselves3 our reason & exp]i5ce4 #da ,! same impulse1 "u ! impression ( ! blame ca/ ^u x by cu/om1 develops into ! pa9ful feel+ ( c[>dice1 or else ! pleasurable feel+ ( humility1 9 case a morality1 l t ( ,*ri/ianity1 has tak5 x to its he>t & call$ x good4 #dc ,! orig9 becomes ( less significance 9 proportion z we acquire insight into x2 :il/ ?+s ne>e/ to ourselves1 ar\nd & )9 u1 gradually beg9 to manife/ _! weal? ( col\rs1 beauties1 enigmas1 & div]sity ( mean+1 ( :i* e>li] humanity nev] dream$4 #eb ,only :5 man %all h acquir$ a k ( all ?+s w he be able to "k himself4 ,= ?+s are b ! b\nd>ies ( man4 #ec ,to :atev] height mank9d may h develop$--& p]haps 9 ! end x w n be s high z :5 !y began6--!re is z little prospect ( _! atta9+ to a high] ord] z !re is = ! ant & ! e>wig to ent] into k9%ip ) ,god & et]nity at ! end ( _! c>e] on e>?4 ,:at is to come w drag beh9d x t :i* has pass$3 :y %\ld any little />1 or ev5 any little species on t />1 =m an exception to t et]nal drama8 ,away ) su* s5tim5talities6 #ed ,^? e>ne/1 able1 & j m5 ( pr(\nd feel+s1 :o are /ill ,*ri/ians at he>t1 owe x to !mselves to make "o attempt to live = a c]ta9 space ( "t )\t ,*ri/ianity6 ,!y owe x to _! fai? t !y %\ld ?us = once take up _! abode 9 ! wild]ness--if = no o!r reason ?an t ( be+ able to pron\nce on ! "q z to :e!r ,*ri/ianity is ne$ful4 #fc ,*ri/ianity has ! in/9ct ( a hunt] = f9d+ out all ^? :o may by hook or by crook be driv5 to despair--only a v small numb] ( m5 c be br\ght to ?is despair4 ,*ri/ianity lies 9 wait = su* z ^?1 & pursues !m4 #fe ,! demon ,eros becomes an object ( great] int]e/ to mank9d ?an all ! angels & sa9ts put toge!r1 ?anks to ! my/]i\s ,mumbo-,jumboism ( ! ,*ur* 9 all ?+s erotic3 x is due to ! ,*ur* t love /ories1 ev5 9 our own "t1 h become ! "o common int]e/ :i* appeals to all classes ( p--) an exagg]ation :i* w\ld be incompreh5sible to antiquity1 & :i* w n fail to provoke ro>s ( laught] 9 com+ g5]ations4 #gh ,x is only ^? :o nev]--or always--att5d *ur* t und]e/imate ! di%one/y ) :i* ?is subject is /ill dealt 9 ,prote/ant pulpits2 9 :at a clumsy fa%ion ! prea*] takes advantage ( 8 security f int]ruption2 h[ ! ,bible is p9*$ & squeez$2 & h[ ! p are made acqua9t$ ) e =m ( ! art ( false read+4 #he ,*ri/ianity wants bl9dness & fr5zy & an et]nal swan-song above ! waves "u :i* reason has be5 dr[n$6444 #ij ,:at if ,god 7 n exactly tru?1 & if ?is 7 prov$8 ,& if he 7 in/ead ( vanity1 ! desire = p[]1 ! ambiti\s1 ! fe>1 & ! enraptur$ & t]rifi$ folly ( mank9d8444 #ic ,"o ,becomes ,moral--b n because "o is moral6 ,submission to morals may be due to slavi%ness or vanity1 egoism or resignation1 dismal fanaticism or ?\ghtlessness4 ,x may1 aga91 be an act ( despair1 su* z submission to ! au?ority ( a rul]2 b !re is no?+ moral ab\t x p] se4 #ig ,morals are con/antly und]go+ *anges & trans=mations1 occasion$ by successful crimes4 #ig ,i d5y morality 9 ! same way z ,i d5y al*emy1 i4e41 ,i d5y its hypo!ses2 b ,i d n d5y t !re h be5 al*emi/s :o believ$ 9 ^! hypo!ses & bas$ _! actions ^u !m4 ,i also d5y immorality--n t innum]able p feel immoral1 b t !re is any true reason :y !y %\ld feel s1 %\ld n1 ( c\rse1 d5y--unless ,i 7 a fool--t _m actions :i* are call$ immoral %\ld be avoid$ & resi/$2 & 9 ! same way t _m :i* are call$ moral %\ld be p]=m$ & enc\rag$2 b ,i hold t 9 bo? cases ^! actions %\ld be p]=m$ f motives o!r ?an ^? :i* h prevail$ up to ! pres5t "t4 ,we mu/ le>n anew 9 ord] t at la/1 p]haps v late 9 ! day1 we may be able to d some?+ m3 feel anew4 #ajj ,x is a prejudice to ?9k t morality is m fav\rable to ! developm5t ( ! reason ?an immorality4 ,x is errone\s to suppose t ! unconsci\s aim 9 ! developm5t ( e consci\s be+ 7namely1 animal1 man1 humanity1 etc47 is its great happ9ess2 on ! contr>y1 !re is a p>ticul> & incomp>able happ9ess to be atta9$ at e /age ( our developm5t1 "o t is nei!r high nor l[1 b q an individual happ9ess4 ,evolution does n make happ9ess its goal2 x aims m]ely at evolution1 & no?+ else4 ,x is only if humanity _h a univ]sally recognis$ goal t we c\ld propose to d ?is or t3 = ! "t be+ !re is no su* goal4 ,x foll[s t ! pret5sions ( morality %\ld n be br\ght into any relation%ip ) mank9d3 ?is w\ld be m]ely *ildi% & irrational4 ,x is q ano!r ?+ to recomm5d a goal to mank9d3 ?is goal w\ld !n be some?+ t w\ld dep5d ^u our own w & pleasure4 ,provid$ t mank9d 9 g5]al agre$ to adopt su* a goal1 x c\ld !n impose a moral law ^u itself1 a law :i* w\ld1 at all ev5ts1 be impos$ by _! own free w4 #aje ,our duties are ! claims :i* o!rs h ^u u4 ,h[ did !y acquire ^! claims8 ,by ! fact t !y consid]$ u z capable ( mak+ & hold+ agreem5ts & contracts1 by assum+ t we 7 _! l & equals1 & by consequ5tly entru/+ some?+ to u1 br++ u up1 educat+ u1 & support+ u4 #aaj ,my rights consi/ ( t "p ( my p[] :i* o!rs h n only conc$$ to me1 b :i* !y wi% to ma9ta9 = me4 #aaa ,! desire = di/9ction is ! desire to subject "o's neighbor4444 #aac ,on ?is mirror--& our intellect is a mirror--some?+ is go+ on t indicates regul>ity3 a c]ta9 ?+ is ea* "t foll[$ by ano!r c]ta9 ?+4 ,:5 we p]ceive ?is & wi% to give x a "n1 we call x cause & effect1--fools t we are6 z if 9 ?is we _h und]/ood or c\ld und]/& any?+6 ,=1 ( c\rse1 we h se5 no?+ b ! images ( causes & effects1 & x is j ?is figurativ5ess :i* r5d]s x impossible = u to see a m sub/antial relation ?an t ( sequ5ce6444 #abi ,pity1 9 s f> z x actually gives rise to suff]+--& ?is mu/ be our only po9t ( view "h--is a weakness1 l e o!r indulg5ce 9 an injuri\s emotion4 ,x increases suff]+ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & al?\gh "h & !re a c]ta9 am\nt ( suff]+ may be indirectly dim9i%$ or remov$ altoge!r z a consequ5ce ( pity1 we mu/ n br+ =w>d ^! occasional consequ5ces1 :i* are on ! :ole insignificant1 to ju/ify ! nature ( pity :i*1 z has already be5 /at$1 is prejudicial4 ,suppos+ t x prevail$1 ev5 if only = "o day1 x w\ld br+ humanity to utt] ru94 ,9 itself ! nature ( pity is no bett] ?an t ( any o!r crav+2 x is only :]e x is call$ = & prais$--& ?is happ5s :5 p d n und]/& :at is injuri\s 9 x1 b f9d 9 x a sort ( joy--t a good consci5ce becomes atta*$ to x2 x is only !n t we will+ly yield to x1 & d n %r9k f ackn[l$g+ x4 ,9 o!r circum/ances :]e x is und]/ood to be dang]\s1 x is look$ ^u z a weakness2 or1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,greeks1 z an unheal?y p]iodical emotion ! dang] ( :i* might be remov$ by tempor>y & volunt>y dis*>ges4 #add-ade ,y say t ! morality ( pity is a high] morality ?an t ( /oicism8 ,prove x6 ,b take c>e n to measure ! high] & l[] degrees ( morality once m by moral y>d/icks2 = !re are no absolute morals4 ,s take y\r y>d/ick f some:]e else1 & be on y\r gu>d6444 #adi ,if1 9 accordance ) ! pres5t def9ition1 only ^? actions are moral :i* are done = ! sake ( o!rs1 & = _! sake only1 !n !re are no moral actions at all6 ,if1 9 accordance ) ano!r def9ition1 only ^? actions are moral :i* spr+ f our own free w1 !n !re are no moral actions 9 ?is case ei!r6 ,:at is x1 !n1 t we designate ?us1 :i* c]ta9ly exi/s & wi%es z a consequ5ce to be expla9$8 ,x is ! result ( a few intellectual blund]s2 & suppos+ t we 7 able to free ourselves f ^! errors1 :at w\ld !n become ( moral actions8 ,x is due to ^! errors t we h up to ! pres5t attribut$ to c]ta9 actions a value sup]ior to :at 0 !irs 9 reality3 we sep>at$ !m f egoi/ic & non-free actions4 ,:5 we n[ set !m once m 9 ! latt] categories1 z we mu/ d1 we c]ta9ly r$uce _! value 7_! own e/imate ( value7 ev5 bel[ its reasonable level1 because egoi/ic & non-free actions h up to ! pres5t be5 und]valu$ ow+ to t alleg$ pr(\nd & ess5tial diff]5ce4 #aeh-aei ,if ,i 7 a god1 & a b5evol5t god1 ! m>riages ( m5 w\ld cause me m displeasure ?an any?+ else4 #afb ,we ought publicly to decl>e invalid ! v[s ( lov]s1 & to refuse !m p]mission to m>ry3 & ?is because we %\ld treat m>riage itself mu* m s]i\sly1 s t 9 cases :]e x is n[ contract$ x w\ld n usually be all[$ 9 future6 ,are n ! majority ( m>riages su* t we %\ld n c>e to h !m witness$ by a ?ird p>ty8 ,& yet ?is ?ird p>ty is sc>cely ev] lack+--! *ild--& he is m ?an ! witness2 he is ! :ipp+-boy & scapegoat4 #afc ,%ame6 ,y wi% to =m "p ( a sy/em 9 :i* y mu/ be a :eel1 fully & completely1 or risk be+ cru%$ by :eels6 :]e x is und]/ood t ea* "o w be t :i* 8 sup]iors make ( him6 :]e ! seek+ = connections w =m a "p ( "o's natural duties6 :]e no "o feels himself (f5d$ :5 he has 8 att5tion drawn to "s "o ) ! rem>k1 ,he may be useful to y "s "t2 :]e p d n feel a%am$ ( pay+ a visit to ask = somebody's int]cession1 & :]e !y d n ev5 suspect t by su* a volunt>y submission to ^! morals1 !y are once & = all /amp$ z ! common pott]y ( nature1 :i* o!rs c employ or break up ( _! free w )\t feel+ 9 any way responsible = do+ s1--j z if "o 7 to say1 ,p ( my type w nev] be lack+1 !re=e1 d :at y w ) me6 ,d n /& on c]emony6 #afi ,9 ! glorification ( "w & ! nev]-ceas+ talk ab\t ! bless+ ( lab\r1 ,i see ! same secret arrire-p5se z ,i d 9 ! praise be/[$ on imp]sonal acts ( a g5]al int]e/1 viz41 a fe> ( ev]y?+ individual4 #agf ,beh9d ! pr9ciple ( ! pres5t moral fa%ion3 ,moral actions are actions p]=m$ out ( sympa?y = o!rs1 ,i see ! social in/9ct ( fe>1 :i* ?us assumes an intellectual disguise4444 #agg ,:atev] may be ! influ5ce 9 high politics ( utilit>ianism & ! vanity ( individuals & nations1 ! %>pe/ spur :i* urges !m onw>ds is _! ne$ = ! feel+ ( p[]--a ne$ :i* rises n only 9 ! s\ls ( pr9ces & rul]s1 b also gu%es =? f "t to "t f inexhau/ible s\rces 9 ! p4 #ahf ,z ! ari/ocrat is able to pres]ve ! appe>ance ( be+ possess$ ( a sup]ior physical =ce :i* nev] leaves him1 he likewise wi%es by 8 aspect ( con/ant s]5ity & civility ( disposition1 ev5 9 ! mo/ try+ circum/ances1 to convey ! impression t 8 m9d & s\l are equal to all dang]s & surprises4444 ,?is indisputable happ9ess ( ari/ocratic culture1 bas$ z x is on ! feel+ ( sup]iority1 is n[ beg9n+ to rise to ev] high] levels2 = n[1 ?anks to ! free spirits1 x is h5ce=? p]missible & n di%on\rable = p :o h be5 born & re>$ 9 ari/ocratic circles to ent] ! doma9 ( k1 :]e !y may secure m intellectual consecrations & le>n *ivalric s]vices ev5 high] ?an ^? ( =m] times1 & :]e !y may look up to t ideal ( victori\s wisdom :i* z yet no age has be5 able to set be=e itself ) s good a consci5ce z ! p]iod :i* is ab\t to dawn4 #bjc-bje ,:at induces "o man to use false weights1 ano!r to set 8 h\se on fire aft] hav+ insur$ x = m ?an its value1 a ?ird to take "p 9 c\nt]feit+1 :ile ?ree-f\r?s ( our upp] classes indulge 9 legalis$ fraud1 & suff] f ! pangs ( consci5ce t foll[ speculation & deal+s on ! ,/ock ,ex*ange3 :at gives rise to all ?is8 ,x is n real want1--= _! exi/5ce is by no means prec>i\s2 p]haps !y h ev5 en\gh to eat & dr9k )\t worry+--b !y are urg$ on day & night by a t]rible impati5ce at see+ _! weal? pile up s sl[ly1 & by an equally t]rible long+ & love = ^! heaps ( gold4 ,9 ?is impati5ce & love1 h[ev]1 we see re-appe> once m t fanaticism ( ! desire = p[] :i* 0 /imulat$ 9 =m] times by ! belief t we 7 9 ! possession ( tru?1 a fanaticism :i* bore su* beautiful names t we c\ld d>e to be inhuman ) a good consci5ce 7burn+ ,jews1 h]etics1 & good books1 & ext]m9at+ entire cultures sup]ior to ours1 su* z ^? ( ,p]u & ,mexico74 ,! means ( ?is desire = p[] are *ang$ 9 our day1 b ! same volcano is /ill sm\ld]+1 impati5ce & intemp]ate love call = _! victims1 & :at 0 once done = ! love ( ,god is n[ done = ! love ( money1 i4e41 = ! love ( t :i* at pres5t af=ds u ! highe/ feel+ ( p[] & a good consci5ce4 #bji-baj ,en?usia/ic sacrifice1 self-immolation--^! are ! cat*-words ( y\r morality4444 ,9 reality 444 y only appe> to sacrifice y\rselves2 = y\r imag9ation turns y into gods & y enjoy y\rselves z su*4 #bbf-bbg ,c]emonies1 (ficial robes & c\rt dresses1 grave c\nt5ances1 solemn aspects1 ! sl[ pace1 involv$ spee*--ev]y?+1 9 %ort1 kn[n z dignity--are all pret5ces adopt$ by ^? :o are timid at he>t3 !y wi% to make !mselves fe>$ 7!mselves or ! ?+s !y repres5t74 ,! fe>less 7i4e41 orig9ally ^? :o naturally inspire o!rs ) awe7 h no ne$ ( dignity & c]emonies4444 #bcj ,a /range ?+1 ?is puni%m5t ( ours6 ,x does n purify ! crim9al2 x is n a =m ( expiation2 b1 on ! contr>y1 x is ev5 m defil+ ?an ! crime itself4 #bce ,:5 a vigor\s nature has n an incl9ation t[>ds cruelty1 & is n always preoccupi$ ) itself1 x involunt>ily /rives aft] g5tl5ess--?is is its di/9ctive *>act]i/ic4 ,weak natures1 on ! o!r h&1 h a t5d5cy t[>ds h>% judgm5ts4444 #bcf ,k9dness has be5 be/ develop$ by ! long dissimulation :i* endeav\r$ to appe> z k9dness3 :]ev] great p[] exi/$ ! necessity = dissimulation ( ?is nature 0 recognis$--x inspires security & confid5ce1 & multiplies ! actual sum ( our physical p[]4 ,falsehood1 if n actually ! "m1 is at all ev5ts ! nurse ( k9dness4 ,9 ! same way1 hone/y has be5 br\ght to maturity by ! ne$ = a semblance ( hone/y & integrity3 9 h]$it>y ari/ocracies4 ,! p]si/5t ex]cise ( su* a dissimulation ends by br++ ab\t ! actual nature ( ! ?+ itself3 ! dissimulation 9 ! long run suppresses itself1 & organs & in/9cts are ! unexpect$ fruits 9 ?is g>d5 ( hypocrisy4 #bdb ,nei!r necessity nor desire1 b ! love ( p[]1 is ! demon ( mank9d4 ,y may give m5 ev]y?+ possible--heal?1 food1 %elt]1 enjoym5t--b !y are & rema9 unhappy & caprici\s1 = ! demon waits & waits2 & mu/ be satisfi$4 #bdc ,x is probable t !re are no pure races1 b only races :i* h become purifi$1 & ev5 ^! are extremely r>e4 #bec ,h[ _m m>ri$ m5 h "s morn+ awak5$ to ! fact t _! "y wife is dull1 al?\gh %e ?9ks q ! contr>y6 n to speak ( ^? wives ^: fle% is will+ b ^: intellect is weak6 #bee ,c\ld !re be any?+ m repugnant ?an ! s5tim5tality :i* is %[n to plants & animals--& ?is on ! "p ( a creature :o f ! v beg9n+ has made su* ravages among !m z _! mo/ f]oci\s enemy--& :o ends by ev5 claim+ affectionate feel+s f 8 weak5$ & mutilat$ victims6 ,be=e ?is k9d ( nature man mu/ above all be s]i\s1 if he is any sort ( a ?9k+ be+4 #beh ,among c[>ds x is ?\ght bad =m to say any?+ aga9/ brav]y1 = any expression ( ?is k9d w\ld give rise to "s contempt2 & unfeel+ p are irritat$ :5 any?+ is said aga9/ pity4 #bei ,x is ! mo/ s5sual m5 :o f9d x necess>y to avoid wom5 & to torture _! bodies4 #bfa ,a "y man c be mo/ surely corrupt$ :5 he is taught to value ! l-m9d$ m highly ?an ! diff]5tly m9d$4 #bfb ,! g5]al k ( mank9d has be5 fur!r$ to a great] ext5t by fe> ?an by love4 #bfg ,! sum-total ( ^? int]nal movem5ts :i* come naturally to m51 & :i* !y c consequ5tly set 9 motion readily & gracefully1 is call$ ! s\l--m5 are look$ ^u z void ( s\l :5 !y let x be se5 t _! inw>d emotions are difficult & pa9ful to !m4 #bfh ,all rules h ?is effect3 !y di/ract our att5tion f ! fundam5tal aim ( ! rule1 & make u m ?\ghtless4 #bgc ,we are mo/ c]ta9 to f9d ideali/ic !ories among unscrupul\sly practical m52 = su* m5 /& 9 ne$ ( ! lu/re ( ^! !ories = ! sake ( _! reputation4 ,!y adopt !m in/9ctively )\t by any means feel+ hypocritical 9 do+ s--no m hypocritical ?an ,engli%m5 ) _! ,*ri/ianity & _! ,sabba?-keep+4 #bgg ,x is n suffici5t to prove a case1 we mu/ also tempt or raise m5 to x4 #bgh ,asceticism is ! prop] mode ( ?9k+ = ^? :o mu/ extirpate _! c>nal in/9cts1 because ^! are f]oci\s bea/s1--b only = su* p6 #bgh ,y refuse to be dissatisfi$ ) y\rselves or to suff] f y\rselves1 & ?is y call y\r moral t5d5cy6 ,v well2 ano!r may p]haps call x y\r c[>dice6 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is c]ta91 & t is1 t y w nev] take a trip r\nd ! _w 7& y y\rselves are ?is _w71 & y w always rema9 9 y\rselves an accid5t & a clod on ! face ( ! e>?6 #bhb ,! fir/ effect ( happ9ess is ! feel+ ( p[]1 & ?is feel+ longs to manife/ itself1 :e!r t[>ds ourselves or o!r m51 or t[>ds ideas & imag9>y be+s4 ,its mo/ common modes ( manife/ation are mak+ pres5ts1 d]ision1 & de/ruction--all ?ree be+ due to a common fundam5tal in/9ct4 #bhf ,we approve ( m>riage 9 ! fir/ place because we are n yet acqua9t$ ) x1 9 ! second place because we h accu/om$ ourselves to x1 & 9 ! ?ird place because we h contract$ x--t is to say1 9 mo/ cases4 ,& yet no?+ has be5 prov$ !reby 9 fav\r ( ! value ( m>riage 9 g5]al4 #bhg ,! crim9al :o has be5 f\nd out does n suff] because ( ! crime he has committ$1 b because ( ! %ame & annoyance caus$ him ei!r by "s blund] :i* he has made or by be+ depriv$ ( 8 habitual elem5t4 #bhi ,:]e our defici5cies are1 !re also is our en?usiasm4 ,! en?usia/ic pr9ciple love y\r enemies _h to be inv5t$ by ! ,jews1 ! be/ hat]s t ev] exi/$2 & ! f9e/ glorifications ( *a/ity h be5 writt5 by ^? :o 9 _! y\? l$ dissolute & lic5ti\s lives4 #bic ,wom5 turn pale at ! ?\ght t _! lov] may n be wor?y ( !m2 ,m5 turn pale at ! ?\ght t !y may n be wor?y ( ! wom5 !y love4 ,i speak ( p]fect wom51 p]fect m54 #cjj-cja ,y wi% to bid f>ewell to y\r passion8 ,v well1 b d s )\t hatr$ aga9/ x6 ,o!rwise y h a second passion4--,! s\l ( ! ,*ri/ian :o has fre$ himself f s9 is g5]ally ru9$ aft]w>ds by ! hatr$ = s94 ,j look at ! faces ( ! great ,*ri/ians6 !y are ! faces ( great hat]s4 #cjb ,m5 h become suff]+ creatures 9 consequ5ce ( _! morals1 & ! sum-total ( :at !y h obta9$ by ^? morals is simply ! feel+ t !y are f> too good & great = ?is _w1 & t !y are enjoy+ m]ely a transitory exi/5ce on x4 ,z yet ! pr\d suff]] is ! highe/ type ( mank9d4 #cji-caj ,rights c only be conf]r$ by "o :o is 9 full possession ( p[]4 #cag ,! rule always appe>s to me to be m int]e/+ ?an ! exception--:oev] ?9ks ?us has made consid]able progress 9 k1 & is "o ( ! initiat$4 #cai ,?r\gh our love we h become dire (f5d]s aga9/ tru?1 & ev5 habitual dissimulators & ?ieves1 :o give out m ?+s z true ?an seem to u to be true4 #ccg-ccc ,all ! great excell5cies ( anci5t humanity ow$ _! /ability to ! fact t man 0 /&+ side by side ) man1 & t no woman 0 all[$ to put =w>d ! claim ( be+ ! ne>e/ & highe/1 nay ev5 sole object ( 8 love1 z ! feel+ ( passion w\ld tea*4 #cea ,ev5 if we 7 mad en\gh to consid] all our op9ions z tru?1 we %\ld nev]!less n wi% !m alone to exi/4 ,i _c see :y we %\ld ask = an autocracy & omnipot5ce ( tru?3 x is suffici5t = me to "k t x is a great p[]4 ,tru?1 h[ev]1 mu/ meet ) opposition & be able to fight1 & we mu/ be able to re/ f x at times 9 falsehood--o!rwise tru? w gr[ tiresome1 p[]less1 & insipid1 & w r5d] u equally s4 #ceb-cec4 ,to he> e day :at is said ab\t u1 or ev5 to endeav\r to discov] :at p ?9k ab\t u1 w 9 ! end kill ev5 ! /ronge/ man4 ,our neighb\rs p]mit u to live only t !y may ex]cise a daily claim ^u u6 ,!y c]ta9ly w\ld n tol]ate u if we wi%$ to claim rights ov] !m1 & /ill less if we wi%$ to be "r6 ,9 %ort1 let u (f] up a sacrifice to ! g5]al peace1 let u n li/5 :5 !y speak ( u1 :5 !y praise u1 blame u1 wi% = u1 or hope = u--nay1 let u n ev5 ?9k ( x4 #ceg ,h[ _m really individual actions are left undone m]ely because be=e p]=m+ !m we p]ceive or suspect t !y w be misund]/ood6--^? actions1 = example1 :i* h "s intr9sic value1 bo? 9 good & evil4 ,! m highly an age or a nation values its individuals1 !re=e1 & ! m "r & asc5d5cy we accord !m1 ! m w actions ( ?is k9d v5ture to make !mselves kn[n1 #cei-cfj4 ,love wi%es to sp>e ! o!r to :om x devotes itself any feel+ ( /rang5ess3 z a consequ5ce x is p]meat$ ) disguise & simulation2 x keeps on deceiv+ cont9u\sly1 & feigns an equality :i* 9 reality does n exi/4 ,& all ?is is done s in/9ctively t wom5 :o love d5y ?is simulation & con/ant t5d] trick]y1 & h ev5 ! audacity to ass]t t love equalises 79 o!r words t x p]=ms a miracle76 #cfa ,tru? 9 itself is no p[] at all4444 ,tru? mu/ ei!r attract p[] to its side1 or else side ) p[]1 = o!rwise x w p]i% aga9 & aga94 #cfc ,we %\ld 444 take ! greate/ precautions 9 reg>d to ev]y?+ connect$ ) old age & its judgm5t ^u life4444 ,! rev]5ce :i* we feel = an old man1 especially if he is an old ?9k] & sage1 easily bl9ds u to ! det]ioration ( 8 intellect4 #cfh ,we mu/ n make passion an argum5t = tru?4 #cgb ,h y exp]i5c$ hi/ory )9 y\rselves1 commotions1 e>?quakes1 long & pr(\nd sadness1 & sudd5 fla%es ( happ9ess8 ,h y act$ fooli%ly ) great & little fools8 ,h y really und]gone ! delusions & woe ( ! good p8 & also ! woe & ! peculi> happ9ess ( ! mo/ evil8 ,!n y may speak to me ( morality1 b n o!rwise6 #cgf ,:at d ,i matt]8 is writt5 ov] ! door ( ! ?9k] ( ! future4 #cgi ,! great man ev] rema9s invisible 9 ! greate/ ?+ t claims wor%ip1 l "s di/ant />3 8 victory ov] p[] rema9s )\t witnesses1 & h5ce also )\t songs & s+]s4 ,! hi]>*y ( ! great m5 9 all ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! human race has n yet be5 det]m9$4 #chj ,:e!r :at we are look+ =w>d to is a ?\ght or a de$1 our relation%ip to e ess5tial a*ievem5t is none o!r ?an t ( pregnancy1 & all our va+lori\s boa/+ ab\t will+ & creat+ %\ld be ca/ to ! w9ds6 ,true & ideal selfi%ness consi/s 9 always wat*+ ov] & re/ra9+ ! s\l1 s t our productiv5ess may come to a beautiful t]m9ation4 444 ,/ill1 ^! pregnant ones are funny p6 ,let u !re=e d>e to be funny also1 & n reproa* o!rs if !y mu/ be ! same4 #chd-che ,hone/ t[>ds ourselves1 & to all & ev]y?+ fri5dly to u2 brave 9 ! face ( our enemy2 g5]\s t[>ds ! vanqui%$2 polite at all times3 su* d ! f\r c>d9al virtues wi% u to be4 #chg ,!re is no et]nal ju/ice :i* requires t e fault %all be aton$ & paid =1--! belief t su* a ju/ice exi/$ 0 a t]rible delusion1 & useful only to a limit$ ext5t2 j z x is also a delusion t ev]y?+ is guilt :i* is felt z su*4 ,x is n ! ?+s !mselves1 b ! op9ions ab\t ?+s t d n exi/1 :i* h be5 su* a s\rce ( tr\ble to mank9d4 #cia ,:at is ! mo/ efficaci\s rem$y8--,victory4 #cic ,! snake t _c ca/ its sk9 p]i%es4 ,s too ) ^? m9ds :i* are prev5t$ f *ang+ _! views3 !y cease to be m9ds4 #cid ,,iv ,! ,joyful ,wisdom ,9 #ahhb ,nietzs*e wrote & publi%$ ,! ,joyful ,wisdom 7,la ,gay a ,sci5za74 ,al?\gh orig9ally int5d$ z a supplem5t to ,! ,dawn ( ,day1 "u :i* title x 0 to h be5 issu$ 9 a lat] edition ( ?is e>li] "w1 x diff]s greatly1 n only f ,! ,dawn ( ,day1 b f ev]y?+ else ,nietzs*e ev] wrote4 ,! de/ructive _s ( ,human1 ,all-,too-,human is n[h]e to be f\nd 9 x4 ,! revolution>y doctr9es ( ,! ,dawn ( ,day are b vaguely e*o$4 ,x is a book :i* %[s ,nietzs*e 9 a unique & isolat$ mood--a mood :i*1 ?r\gh\t 8 :ole life did n return to him4 ,temp]am5tally ,! ,joyful ,wisdom comes ne>] be+ a p>allel to ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra ?an to any ( 8 o!r writ+s4 ,b ev5 ?is comp>ison goes to pieces :5 pu%$ beyond ! mo/ sup]ficial aspects ( ! two books4 ,nietzs*e 0 at ,naumburg at ! "t ( writ+ ?is "w4 ,a long-/&+ /oma* malady _h sudd5ly %[n signs ( leav+ him1 & ! p]iod dur+ :i* he wrote ,! ,joyful ,wisdom 0 "o ( ! happie/ ( 8 life4 ,h]et(ore a sombre s]i\sness _h m>k$ bo? 8 ?\ghts & ! expression ( !m4 ,9 ! two volumes ( ,human1 ,all-,too-,human he _h attempt$ a complete deva/ation ( all codes & ideals4 ,9 ,! ,dawn ( ,day he wag$ a bitt] & s]i\s w>f>e on mod]n moral /&>ds & made attempts at supplant+ !m ) new dogma4 ,9 ,! ,joyful ,wisdom he reveal$ an entirely new phase ( 8 "*--a l5i5t1 jovial1 almo/ buoyant attitude t[>d ! _w4 ,al?\gh ,! ,joyful ,wisdom may be consid]$ 9 ! light ( an int]polation into ,nietzs*e's philosophical works1 ! book is nev]!less among ! mo/ int]e/+ ( 8 output--n s mu* because x gives u any additions to ! sum ( 8 ?9k+1 b because x ?r[s a light on ! philosoph] himself4 ,x may be lift$ bodily out ( 8 works )\t leav+ a gap 9 ! developm5t ( 8 doctr9es1 b x _c be set aside )\t clos+ up a v important & significant facet 9 ! man's nature4 ,un=tunately ,nietzs*e is look$ ^u z a man :o 0 entirely consum$ ) ranc\r & hatr$--a man unconsci\s ( ! comic side ( exi/5ce--a ?9k] ) :om pessimism 0 *ronic4 ,b ?is is only a half tru?1 a conclusion f\nd$ on p>tial evid5ce4 ,nietzs*e's v e>ne/ness at times defeat$ 8 own ends4 ,! ,joyful ,wisdom is "o ( ! mo/ fundam5tally hil>i\s books ev] writt54 ,x deals ) life z a supreme bit ( hum\r4 ,yet !re is little 9 x to provoke laught]4 ,nietzs*e's hum\r is deep] ?an ! ext]nals4 ,"o f9ds no sup]ficial je/+ "h1 no sm>tness1 no transi5t buffoon]y4 ,! book is a glorification ( t subtle joy :i* accompanies ! exp]i5c+ ( k4 ,9 ord] to cat* its _s x is necess>y t "o be famili> ) ! s]i\s & =mulat+ ,nietzs*e1 = on 8 mo/ s]i\s doctr9es is f\nd$ t attitude :i* makes ,! ,joyful ,wisdom hil>i\s4 ,once famili> ) ,nietzs*e's e>li] writ+s "o may read ! pres5t book ) a feel+ ( exhil>ation unlike t produc$ by 8 m manife/ly solemn writ+s4 ,h[ev]1 despite ! buoyancy ( ?is docum5t1 x is1 b5ea? ! surface1 z s]i\s z any?+ ,nietzs*e has ev] writt54 ,8 conception ( ! _w & 8 assumption ( ! und]ly+ aspects ( exi/5ce are f\nd$ on deeply conceiv$ =mulas4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ,nietzs*e's ?\ght is 9 a l>ge measure p]sonal1 t ! developm5t ( 8 doctr9es is due to v def9ite biographical causes & to ! flux & reflux ( 8 own emotions4 ,8 sy/em is n a spontane\s & complete conception1 ! sudd5 fruit ( 8 entire rese>* giv5 to ! _w 9 a unifi$ body4 ,to ! contr>y1 x is an amass+ ( data1 a con/ant build+ up ( ideas4 ,no "o book conta9s 8 entire tea*+s1 logically ?\ght out & c>efully organis$4 ,r is 8 philosophy an intricate /ructure :i* beg9s ) 8 e>lie/ essays & does n rea* completion until ! end ( ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,ea* book has "s specific place 9 8 ?\ght3 ea* book assumes a position relative to all ! re/4 ,?us 9 ,! ,joyful ,wisdom we h ! turn+ po9t betwe5 ! d5y+ & de/ructive ,nietzs*e & ! ass]t+ & fa%ion+ ,nietzs*e4 ,says he 9 ! f\r? & mo/ important section call$ ,sanctus ,janu>ius3 ,amor fati3#a let t h5ce=? be my love6 ,i d n want to wage w> ) ! ugly4 ,i d n want to accuse1 ,i d n want ev5 to accuse ! accus]s4 ,look+ aside1 let t be my sole negation6 ,& all 9 all1 to sum up3 ,i wi% to be at any "t h]eaft] only a yea-say]6 ,9 ,! ,joyful ,wisdom beg9s ,nietzs*e's almo/ fanatical joy 9 life4 ,"h1 too1 we enc\nt] = ! fir/ "t ! symbol ( ! dance4 ,nietzs*e con/antly makes use ( ?is figure 9 8 lat] writ+s4 ,especially 9 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra does he exhort 8 read]s to indulge !mselves 9 danc+4 ,! blasphemies & hatr$s *>act]i/ic ( ! philosoph] 9 8 m solemn moods are n[h]e disc]nible 9 ?is new book4 ,x is !re=e ( consid]able importance to ! /ud5t 9 =m+ a j e/imate ( ,nietzs*e4 ,"h ! hat] has dep>t$2 ! idol-sma%] has laid d[n 8 weapons2 ! analy/ has become ! satyr2 ! logician has turn$ poet2 ! blasphem] has become ! *ild4 ,only occasionally does ! p5dulum sw+ t[>d ! sombre ,apollonian pole3 ! ,dionysian ideal ( joy is dom9ant4 ,! mon? ( ,janu>y inspir$ ! book1 & ,nietzs*e says 9 8 ,ecce ,homo t x 0 ! mo/ wond]ful mon? ( ,janu>y he _h ev] sp5t4 ,?is _s ( gaiety 0 to rema9 ) him 9 "s degree ?r\gh\t ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,he realis$ t 8 prep>atory "w 0 complet$4 ,he saw 8 way cle> to =ge ahead z 8 doctr9es l$ him2 & 8 exub]ance no d\bt grew out ( ! satisfaction he took 9 ?is prospect4 ,al?\gh ! cont5ts ( ,! ,joyful ,wisdom are n inh]5tly a "p ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy1 b only deta*$ applications ( 8 !ories--ideas :i* float$ to ! surface ( 8 doctr9es--! mat]ial enc\nt]$ "h is ( wide & v>i$ int]e/4 ,!re are criticisms ( ,g]man & ,s\!rn culture2 valuations ( mod]n au?ors2 views on ! developm5ts ( art2 !ories ( music2 analyses ( ,s*op5hau] & an explanation ( 8 vogue2 judgm5ts ( ! anci5t & ! mod]n !atre2 excursions into philological fields2 arraignm5ts ( contempor>y classicism2 doctr9es ( creative arti/ry2 p]sonal p>agraphs on m5tal culture1 politics & comm]ce4 444 ,! book is1 9 fact1 m critical ?an philosophical4 ,nietzs*e nev] entirely dissev]$ himself f 8 "t & f ! habits1 bo? ( ?\ght & action1 :i* *>act]is$ 8 contempor>ies4 ,f 8 fir/ academic essays to 8 la/ transvaluation ( values1 he rema9$ ! pati5t & analytical obs]v] ( ! life ab\t him4 ,= ?is reason x has be5 argu$ among disciples ( pure ?9k+ t he 0 n1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w1 a philosoph]1 b r a critically intellectual =ce4 ,?is diagnosis might c>ry weight _h n ,nietzs*e av[$ly built 8 philosophical /ructure on a repudiation ( ab/ract ?9k+4 ,?is misund]/&+ ( him arose f ! adh]5ts ( rational ?9k+ ov]look+ ! fact t1 :]e ! old] philosoph]s _h deta*$ !mselves f reality because ( ! in/ability ( natural hypo!ses1 ,nietzs*e re-e/abli%$ human bases on :i* he f\nd$ 8 syllogisms4 ,!re=e "o %\ld n attempt to divorce ! purely critical f ! purely philosophical 9 8 writ+s4 ,ev5 9 a book s frankly critical z ,! ,joyful ,wisdom !re is a direct+ =ce ( !oretical unity4 ,?is is especially true ( ! ?ird section4 ,?is division is made up almo/ entirely ( comm5ts on m5 & affairs1 %ort analyses ( human attitudes1 desultory excursions into ! sociological1 brief rem>ks on man's emotional nature1 apo!gms deal+ ) human attributes1 bits ( racy philosophical gossip1 religi\s & sci5tific maxims1 & ! l4 ,sometimes ^! obs]vations are cynical1 sometimes graci\s1 sometimes bitt]1 sometimes buoyant1 sometimes m]ely witty4 ,b all ( !m are weld$ toge!r by a pr(\nd conception ( humanity4 ,! mo/ /imulat+ division ( ! book is ! f\r?1 9 :i* ,nietzs*e's good hum\r is at its height4 ,?is section is a glorification ( victory & ( all ^? h>dy qualities :i* g into ! p]fect+ ( ! individual4 ,nietzs*e rev]ses ,s*ill]'s fam\s doctr9e express$ 9 ,die ,braut von ,mess9a3 ,life is n ( all good ! highe/4 ,he sees no good ov] & beyond t ( human relation%ips4 ,! normal in/9cts to him are ! ones :i* affirm life2 ! abnormal in/9cts are ^? :i* d5y x4 ,! =m] are summ$ up 9 ! e?ics ( ,greece "u ! sway ( ,dionysus2 ! latt] are epitomis$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! fif? book1 call$ ,we ,fe>less ,ones1 & ! app5dix ( ,songs ( ,pr9ce ,free-z-a-,bird 7 writt5 f\r ye>s lat] ?an ! o!r mat]ial & add$ ) an introduction 9 a lat] edition ( ! book4 ,^! add5da1 :ile less specific & ( a m dialectic nature ?an ! prec$+ p>ts1 are 9 _s manife/ly ! same z ! re/ ( ! book4 ,9 ,! ,joyful ,wisdom we h aga9 an aphori/ic /yle ( writ+1 al?\gh x has become ke5] & m sure ( itself s9ce ,human1 ,all-,too-,human & ,! ,dawn ( ,day4 ,9 mak+ selections f ?is book ,i h *os5 ^? passages :i* are m g5]al 9 tone4 ,! connection betwe5 ! v>i\s aphorisms is "h ev5 slight] ?an is ,nietzs*e's wont1 & = t reason no attempt has be5 made to pres5t a cont9u\s p]ception ( ! "w4 ,h[ev]1 ! exc]pts :i* foll[1 ?\gh ( a less popul> nature1 are m intimately relat$ to 8 ?\ghts ?an ! ones omitt$1 & consequ5tly are ( m int]e/ to ! /ud5t4 ,footnote #a3 ,love ( 7"o's7 de/9y4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,! ,,joyful ,,wisdom ,:e!r ,i look ) a good or an evil eye ^u m51 ,i f9d !m always at "o problem1 ea* & all ( !m3 to d t :i* conduces to ! cons]vation ( ! human species4 #ca ,to laugh at oneself z "o w\ld h to laugh 9 ord] to laugh out ( ! v]ie/ tru?1--to d ?is ! be/ h n hi!rto _h en\gh ( ! s5se ( tru?1 & ! mo/ end[$ h _h f> too little g5ius6 ,!re is p]haps /ill a future ev5 = laught]6 #cb ,! ignoble nature is di/+ui%$ by ! fact t x keeps its advantage /eadily 9 view1 & t ?is ?\ght ( ! end & advantage is ev5 /rong] ?an its /ronge/ impulse3 n to be tempt$ to inexp$i5t activities by its impulses--t is its wisdom & inspiration4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! ignoble nature ! high] nature is m irrational3--= ! noble1 magnanim\s1 & self-sacrific+ p]son succumbs 9 fact to 8 impulses1 & 9 8 be/ mom5ts 8 reason lapses altoge!r4 #cg ,! /ronge/ & mo/ evil spirits h hi!rto advanc$ mank9d ! mo/3 !y always rek9dl$ ! sleep+ passions--all ord]ly arrang$ society lulls ! passions to sleep4 #ci ,! lu/ ( prop]ty & love3 :at diff]5t associations ea* ( ^! ideas evokes6--& yet x might be ! same impulse twice nam$4 #ea ,! poison by :i* ! weak] nature is de/roy$ is /r5g!n+ to ! /rong individual--& he does n call x poison4 #ef-eg ,! virtues ( a man are call$ good1 n 9 respect ( ! results !y h = himself1 b 9 respect ( ! results :i* we expect !refrom = ourselves & = society4444 ,! praise ( ! virtues is ! praise ( some?+ :i* is privately injuri\s to ! individual2 x is praise ( impulses :i* deprive man ( 8 noble/ self-love1 & ! p[] to take ! be/ c>e ( himself4444 ,! neighb\r praises unselfi%ness because he pr(its by x6 ,if ! neighb\r 7 unselfi%ly dispos$ himself1 he w\ld reject t de/ruction ( p[]1 t injury = 8 advantage1 he w\ld ?w>t su* incl9ations 9 _! orig91 & above all he w\ld manife/ 8 unselfi%ness j by n giv+ x a good "n6 #eh-fj ,liv+--t is to be cruel & inexorable t[>ds all t becomes weak & old 9 ourselves1 & n only 9 ourselves4 #fh ,x is probable t ! manufactur]s & great magnates ( comm]ce h hi!rto lack$ too mu* all ^? =ms & attributes ( a sup]ior race1 :i* alone make p]sons int]e/+2 if !y _h _h ! nobility ( ! newly-born 9 _! looks & be>+1 !re w\ld p]haps h be5 no socialism 9 ! masses ( ! p4 ,= ^! are really ready = slav]y ( e k9d1 provid$ t ! sup]ior class above !m con/antly %[s itself legitimately sup]ior1 & born to comm&--by its noble pres5ce6 #gh ,:5 "o cont9ually prohibits ! expression ( ! passions z some?+ to be left to ! vulg>1 to co>s]1 b\rgeois1 & peasant natures--t is1 :5 "o does n want to suppress ! passions !mselves1 b only _! language & demean\r1 "o nev]!less realises !re) j :at "o does n want3 ! suppression ( ! passions !mselves1 or at lea/ _! weak5+ & alt]ation4444 #hc ,9 magnanimity !re is ! same am\nt ( egoism z 9 rev5ge4444 #hf-hg ,:]e bad eyesight c no long] see ! evil impulse z su*1 on acc\nt ( its ref9em5t1--!re man sets up ! k+dom ( goodness4444 #hh ,to become ! advocate ( ! rule--t may p]haps be ! ultimate =m & ref9em5t 9 :i* nobility ( "* w reveal itself on e>?4 #ij ,wom5 are all skilful 9 exagg]at+ _! weaknesses1 inde$ !y are inv5tive 9 weaknesses1 s z to seem q fragile ornam5ts to :i* ev5 a gra9 ( du/ does h>m2 _! exi/5ce is meant to br+ home to man's m9d 8 co>s5ess1 & to appeal to 8 consci5ce4 #aja ,!re is some?+ q a/oni%+ & extraord9>y 9 ! education ( wom5 ( ! high] class2 inde$1 !re is p]haps no?+ m p>adoxical4 ,all ! _w is agre$ to educate !m ) z mu* ignorance z possible 9 erotics1 & to inspire _! s\l ) a pr(\nd %ame ( su* ?+s1 & ! extreme/ impati5ce & horror at ! sugge/ion ( !m4 ,x is really "h only t all ! hon\r ( wom5 is at /ake2 :at w\ld "o n =give 9 !m 9 o!r respects6 ,b "h !y are int5d$ to rema9 ignorant to ! v backbone3--!y are int5d$ to h nei!r eyes1 e>s1 words1 nor ?\ghts = ?is1 _! wick$ness2 inde$ k "h is already evil4 ,& !n6 ,to be hurl$ z ) an awful ?und]bolt into reality & k ) m>riage--& inde$ by him :om !y mo/ love & e/eem3 to h to enc\nt] love & %ame 9 contradiction1 yea1 to h to feel rapture1 ab&onm5t1 duty1 sympa?y1 & fright at ! unexpect$ proximity ( ,god & animal1 & :atev] else besides6 all at once6--,!re1 9 fact1 a psy*ic entanglem5t has be5 effect$ :i* is q unequall$6 ,ev5 ! sympa!tic curiosity ( ! wise/ disc]n] ( m5 does n suffice to div9e h[ ?is or t woman gets along ) ! solution ( ?is enigma & ! enigma ( ?is solution2 :at dreadful1 f>-rea*+ suspicions mu/ awak5 !reby 9 ! poor unh+$ s\l2 & =soo?1 h[ ! ultimate philosophy & scepticism ( ! woman ca/s an*or at ?is po9t6--,aft]w>ds ! same pr(\nd sil5ce z be=e3 & (t5 ev5 a sil5ce to h]self1 a %utt+ ( h] eyes to h]self4--,"y wives on t acc\nt make great ef=ts to appe> sup]ficial & ?\ghtless2 ! mo/ +5i\s ( !m simulate a k9d ( impud5ce4--,wives easily feel _! husb&s z a "q-m>k to _! hon\r1 & _! *ildr5 z an apology or atonem5t1--!y require *ildr51 & wi% = !m 9 q ano!r _s ?an a husb& wi%es = !m4--,9 %ort1 "o _c be g5tle en\gh t[>ds wom56 #ajd-aje ,( :at consequ5ce is all our art 9 arti/ic products1 if t high] art1 ! art ( ! fe/ival1 be lo/ by u8 #abd ,! be/ ?+ ,i c\ld say 9 hon\r ( ,%akespe>e1 ! man1 is t he believ$ 9 ,brutus & ca/ n a %ad[ ( suspicion on ! k9d ( virtue :i* ,brutus repres5ts6 #aca ,we mu/ re/ f ourselves occasionally by contemplat+ & look+ d[n ^u ourselves1 & by laugh+ or weep+ ov] ourselves f an arti/ic remot5ess3 we mu/ discov] ! h]o1 & likewise ! fool1 t is hidd5 9 our passion = k2 we mu/ n[ & !n be joyful 9 our folly1 t we may cont9ue to be joyful 9 our wisdom6 ,& j because we are heavy & s]i\s m5 9 our ultimate dep?1 & are r weights ?an m51 !re is no?+ t does u s mu* good z ! fool's cap & bells3 we ne$ !m 9 pres5ce ( ourselves--we ne$ all arrogant1 so>+1 danc+1 mock+1 *ildi% & bless$ ,art1 9 ord] n to lose ! free dom9ion ov] ?+s :i* our ideal dem&s ( u4 #adf ,! g5]al "* ( ! _w 444 is to all et]nity *aos2 n by ! abs5ce ( necessity1 b 9 ! s5se ( ! abs5ce ( ord]1 /ructure1 =m1 beauty1 wisdom1 & :atev] else our /hetic humanities are call$4 ,judg$ by our reason1 ! unlucky ca/s are f> (t5e/ ! rule1 ! exceptions are n ! secret purpose2 & ! :ole musical box repeats et]nally its air1 :i* c nev] be call$ a melody1--& f9ally ! v expression1 unlucky ca/ is already an an?ropomorphis+ :i* involves blame4 ,b h[ c\ld we presume to blame or praise ! univ]se6 ,let u be on our gu>d aga9/ ascrib+ to x he>tlessness & unreason1 or _! opposites2 x is nei!r p]fect1 nor beautiful1 nor noble2 nor does x seek to be any?+ ( ! k9d1 x does n at all attempt to imitate man6 ,x is altoge!r unaffect$ by our /hetic & moral judgm5ts6 ,nei!r has x any self-pres]vative in/9ct1 nor in/9ct at all2 x also kn[s no law4 ,let u be on our gu>d aga9/ say+ t !re are laws 9 nature4 ,!re are only necessities3 !re is no "o :o comm&s1 no "o :o obeys1 no "o :o transgresses4 ,:5 y "k t !re is no design1 y "k also t !re is no *ance3 = x is only :]e !re is a _w ( design t ! ^w *ance has a mean+4 ,let u be on our gu>d aga9/ say+ t dea? is contr>y to life4 ,! liv+ be+ is only a species ( dead be+1 & a v r>e species4--,let u be on our gu>d aga9/ ?9k+ t ! _w et]nally creates ! new4 ,!re are no et]nally endur+ sub/ances2 matt] is j ano!r su* error z ! ,god ( ! ,eleatics4 #aeb-aec4 ,man has be5 re>$ by 8 errors3 fir/ly1 he saw himself always imp]fect2 secondly1 he attribut$ to himself imag9>y qualities2 ?irdly1 he felt himself 9 a false position 9 relation to ! animals & nature2 f\r?ly1 he always devis$ new tables ( values1 & accept$ !m = a "t z et]nal & uncondition$1 s t at "o "t ?is1 & at ano!r "t t human impulse or /ate /ood fir/1 & 0 ennobl$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,:5 "o has d$uct$ ! effect ( ^! f\r errors1 "o has also d$uct$ humanity1 human5ess1 & human dignity4 #afj ,morality is ! h]d-in/9ct 9 ! individual4 #afa ,!re is no su* ?+ z heal? 9 itself1 & all attempts to def9e a ?+ 9 t way h lam5tably fail$4 ,x is necess>y to "k ?y aim1 ?y horizon1 ?y p[]s1 ?y impulses1 ?y errors1 & especially ! ideals & fantasies ( ?y s\l1 9 ord] to det]m9e :at heal? implies ev5 = ?y body4 #afc ,my/ical explanations are reg>d$ z pr(\nd2 ! tru? is t !y d n ev5 g ! l5g? ( be+ sup]ficial4 #afi ,i set ! foll[+ propositions aga9/ ^? ( ,s*op5hau] --,fir/ly1 9 ord] t ,w may arise1 an idea ( pleasure & pa9 is necess>y4 ,secondly1 t a vigor\s excitation may be felt z pleasure or pa91 is ! affair ( ! int]pret+ intellect1 :i*1 to be sure1 op]ates !reby = ! mo/ "p unconsci\sly to u1 & "o & ! same excitation may be int]pret$ z pleasure or pa94 ,?irdly1 x is only 9 an intellectual be+ t !re is pleasure1 displeasure & ,w2 ! imm5se majority ( organisms h no?+ ( ! k9d4 #aga ,pray] has be5 devis$ = su* m5 z h nev] any ?\ghts ( _! own1 & to :om an elevation ( ! s\l is unkn[n1 or passes unnotic$4 #aga ,s91 z x is at pres5t felt :]ev] ,*ri/ianity prevails or has prevail$1 is a ,jewi% feel+ & a ,jewi% inv5tion4 #agd ,a ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 only possible 9 a ,jewi% l&scape--,i mean 9 "o ov] :i* ! gloomy & sublime ?und]-cl\d ( ! angry ,jehovah hung cont9ually4 #agf ,:]e !re is rul+ !re are masses3 :]e !re are masses !re is ne$ ( slav]y4 ,:]e !re is slav]y ! individuals are b few1 & h ! in/9cts & consci5ce ( ! h]d oppos$ to !m4 #ahc ,we love ! gr&eur ( ,nature & h discov]$ x2 t is because human gr&eur is lack+ 9 our m9ds4 #ahf ,egoism is ! p]spective law ( our s5tim5t1 accord+ to :i* ! ne> appe>s l>ge & mom5t\s1 :ile 9 ! di/ance ! magnitude & importance ( all ?+s dim9i%4 #ahg ,he :o kn[s t he is pr(\nd /rives = cle>ness2 he :o w\ld l to appe> pr(\nd to ! multitude /rives = obscurity4 ,! multitude ?9ks ev]y?+ pr(\nd ( :i* x _c see ! bottom2 x is s timid & goes s unwill+ly into ! wat]4 #aij ,?\ghts are ! %ad[s ( our s5tim5ts--always1 h[ev]1 obscur]1 empti]1 & simpl]4 #aib 9999,to laugh means to love mis*ief1 b ) a good consci5ce4 #aif ,virtue gives happ9ess & a /ate ( bless$ness only to ^? :o h a /rong fai? 9 _! virtue3--n1 h[ev]1 to ! m ref9$ s\ls ^: virtue consi/s ( a pr(\nd di/ru/ ( !mselves & ( all virtue4 ,aft] all1 !re=e1 x is fai? t saves "h also6--& be x well obs]v$1 n virtue6 #aih ,al?\gh ! mo/ intellig5t judges ( ! wit*es1 & ev5 ! wit*es !mselves1 7 conv9c$ ( ! guilt ( wit*craft1 ! guilt1 nev]!less1 0 n !re4 ,s x is ) all guilt4 #bje ,x makes me happy to see t m5 d n want to ?9k at all ( ! idea ( dea?6 ,i w\ld fa9 d some?+ to make ! idea ( life ev5 a hundr$ times m wor?y ( _! att5tion4 #bae-baf ,i greet all ! signs indicat+ t a m manly & w>like age is comm5c+1 :i* w1 above all1 br+ h]oism aga9 into hon\r6 ,= x has to prep>e ! way = a yet high] age1 & ga!r ! =ce :i* ! latt] w "o day require1--! age :i* w c>ry h]oism into k1 & wage w> = ! sake ( ideas & _! consequ5ces4 #bah-bai ,!y are disagreeable to me1 ^? m5 9 :om e natural incl9ation =?) becomes a disease1 some?+ disfigur+1 or ev5 disgraceful4 ,!y h s$uc$ u to ! op9ion t ! incl9ations & impulses ( m5 are evil2 !y are ! cause ( our great inju/ice to our own nature1 & to all nature6 ,!re are en\gh ( m5 :o may yield to _! impulses gracefully & c>elessly3 b !y d n d s1 = fe> ( t imag9>y evil ?+ 9 nature6 ,t is ! cause :y !re is s little nobility to be f\nd among m53 ! indication ( :i* w always be to h no fe> ( oneself1 to expect no?+ disgraceful f oneself1 to fly )\t hesitation :i!rsoev] we are impell$--we free-born birds6 ,:]ev] we come1 !re w always be fre$om & sun%9e ar\nd u4 #bbi ,e "o kn[s at pres5t t ! ability to endure contradiction is a high indication ( culture4 ,"s p ev5 "k t ! high] man c\rts opposition1 & provokes x1 s z to get a cue to 8 hi!rto unkn[n p>tiality4 ,b ! ability to contradict1 ! atta9m5t ( good consci5ce 9 ho/ility to ! accu/om$1 ! traditional & ! hall[$1--t is m ?an bo? ! above-nam$ abilities1 & is ! really great1 new & a/oni%+ ?+ 9 our culture1 ! /ep ( all /eps ( ! emancipat$ intellect3 :o kn[s t8 #bcb ,9 ! ma9 all ^? moral sy/ems are di/a/eful to me :i* say3 ,d n d ?is6 ,r5\nce6 ,ov]come ?yself6 ,on ! o!r h& ,i am fav\rable to ^? moral sy/ems :i* /imulate me to d some?+1 & to d x aga9 f morn+ till ev5+1 & dream ( x at night1 & ?9k ( no?+ else b to d x well1 z well z x is possible = me alone6444 #bch ,9 pa9 !re is z mu* wisdom z 9 pleasure3 l ! latt] x is "o ( ! be/ self-pres]vatives ( a species4 ,7 x n s1 pa9 w\ld long ago h be5 done away )2 t x is hurtful is no argum5t aga9/ x1 = to be hurtful is its v ess5ce4 #bdg ,"o =m ( hone/y has always be5 lack+ among f\nd]s ( religions & _! k93--!y h nev] made _! exp]i5ces a matt] ( ! intellectual consci5ce4 444 ,b we :o are diff]5t1 :o are ?ir/y = reason1 want to look z c>efully into our exp]i5ces1 z 9 ! case ( a sci5tific exp]im5t1 h\r by h\r1 day by day6 ,we ourselves want to be our own exp]im5ts1 & our own subjects ( exp]im5t4 #bdh ,let u no long] ?9k s mu* ab\t puni%+1 blam+1 improv+6 ,we %all seldom be able to alt] an individual1 & if we %\ld succe$ 9 do+ s1 some?+ else may also succe$1 p]haps unaw>es3 we may h be5 alt]$ by him6 ,let u r see to x t our own influ5ce on all t is to come outweighs & ov]weighs 8 influ5ce6 ,let u n /ruggle 9 direct conflict6--all blam+1 puni%+1 & desire to improve comes "u ?is category4 #bdi ,:o c\ld "k h[ to laugh well & live well1 :o did n fir/ und]/& ! full mean+ ( w> & victory8 #bej ,t delightful animal1 man1 seems to lose 8 good-hum\r :5ev] he ?9ks well2 he becomes s]i\s6 ,& :]e !re is laugh+ & gaiety1 ?9k+ _c be wor? any?+3--s speaks ! prejudice ( ?is s]i\s animal aga9/ all ,joyful ,wisdom4 #beb-bec ,if y _h ?\ght m acutely1 obs]v$ m accurately1 & _h le>n$ m1 y w\ld no long] "u all circum/ances call ?is & t y\r duty & y\r consci5ce3 ! k h[ moral judgm5ts h 9 g5]al always orig9at$1 w\ld make y tir$ ( ^! pa!tic words4444 #bfa ,we w\ld seek to become :at we are1--! new1 ! unique1 ! incomp>able1 mak+ laws = ourselves & creat+ ourselves6 ,& = ?is purpose we mu/ become ! be/ /ud5ts & discov]]s ( all ! laws & necessities 9 ! _w4 ,we mu/ be physici/s 9 ord] to be creators 9 t s5se1--:]eas hi!rto all appreciations & ideals h be5 bas$ on ignorance ( physics1 or 9 contradiction to x4 #bjc ,our b5efactors l[] our value & volition m ?an our enemies4 #bfe ,x is always a metaphysical belief on :i* our belief 9 sci5ce re/s1--& t ev5 we kn[+ ones ( to-day1 ! godless & anti-metaphysical1 /ill take our fire f ! conflagration k9dl$ by a belief a mill5nium old1 ! ,*ri/ian belief1 :i* 0 also ! belief ( ,plato1 t ,god is tru?1 t ! tru? is div9e4 #bgi ,belief is always mo/ desir$1 mo/ press+ly ne$$ :]e !re is a lack ( w3 = ! w1 z emotion ( comm&1 is ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( sov]eignty & p[]4 ,t is to say1 ! less a p]son kn[s h[ to comm&1 ! m urg5t is 8 desire = "o :o comm&s1 :o comm&s /]nly1--a ,god1 a pr9ce1 a ca/e1 a physician1 a confessor1 a dogma1 a p>ty consci5ce4 #bhf ,to seek self-pres]vation m]ely1 is ! expression ( a /ate ( di/ress1 or ( limitation ( ! true1 fundam5tal in/9ct ( life1 :i* aims at ! ext5sion ( p[]1 & ) ?is 9 view (t5 en\gh calls 9 "q self-pres]vation & sacrifices x4 #bhi ,! subtlety & /r5g? ( consci\sness are always 9 proportion to ! capacity = communication ( a man 7or an animal71 ! capacity = communication 9 its turn be+ 9 proportion to ! necessity = communication4 444 ,consci\sness g5]ally has only be5 develop$ "u ! pressure ( ! necessity = communication1 --t f ! fir/ x has be5 necess>y & useful only betwe5 man & man 7especially betwe5 ^? comm&+ & ^? obey+71 & has only develop$ 9 proportion to its utility4 #bif-big ,! ,*ur* is "u all circum/ances a nobl] in/itution ?an ! ,/ate4 #cad ,x seems to me "o ( my mo/ ess5tial /eps & advances t ,i h le>n$ to di/+ui% ! cause ( ! action g5]ally f ! cause ( action 9 a p>ticul> mann]1 say1 9 ?is direction1 ) ?is aim4 ,! fir/ k9d ( cause is a quantum ( /or$-up =ce1 :i* waits to be us$ 9 "s mann]1 = "s purpose2 ! second k9d ( cause1 on ! contr>y1 is some?+ q unimportant 9 comp>ison ) ! fir/1 an insignificant haz>d = ! mo/ "p1 9 con=mity ) :i* ! quantum ( =ce 9 "q dis*>ges itself 9 "s unique & def9ite mann]3 ! lucif]-mat* 9 relation to ! b>rel ( gunp[d]4 #cag ,i w nev] admit t we %\ld speak ( equal rights 9 ! love ( man & woman3 !re are no su* equal rights4 ,! reason is t man & woman und]/& some?+ diff]5t by ! t]m love1--& x belongs to ! conditions ( love 9 bo? sexes t ! "o sex does n presuppose ! same feel+1 ! same conception ( love1 9 ! o!r sex4 ,:at woman und]/&s by love is cle> en\gh3 complete surr5d] 7n m]ely devotion7 ( s\l & body1 )\t any motive1 )\t any res]vation1 r ) %ame & t]ror at ! ?\ght ( a devotion re/rict$ by clauses or associat$ ) conditions4 ,9 ?is abs5ce ( conditions h] love is precisely a fai?3 woman has no o!r4--,man1 :5 he loves a woman1 wants precisely ?is love f h]2 he is consequ5tly1 z reg>ds himself1 fur!/ remov$ f ! pr]equisites ( fem99e love2 grant$1 h[ev]1 t !re %\ld also be m5 to :om on _! side ! dem& = complete devotion is n unfamili>1--well1 !y are really--n m54 ,a man :o loves l a woman becomes !reby a slave3 a woman1 h[ev]1 :o loves l a woman becomes !reby a m p]fect woman4444 ,woman wants to be tak5 & accept$ z a possession1 %e wi%es to be m]g$ 9 ! conceptions ( possession & possess$2 consequ5tly %e wants "o :o takes1 :o does n (f] & give himself away1 b :o rev]sely is r to be made ri*] 9 himself--by ! increase ( p[]1 happ9ess & fai? :i* ! woman h]self gives to him4 ,woman gives h]self1 man takes h]4--,i d n ?9k "o w get ov] ?is natural contra/ by any social contract1 or ) ! v be/ w to d ju/ice1 h[ev] desirable x may be to avoid br++ ! sev]e1 frightful1 enigmatical1 & unmoral elem5ts ( ?is antagonism con/antly be=e our eyes4 ,= love1 reg>d$ z complete1 great1 & full1 is nature1 & z nature1 is to all et]nity some?+ unmoral4--,fidelity is accord+ly includ$ 9 woman's love1 x foll[s f ! def9ition !re(2 ) man fidelity may readily result 9 consequ5ce ( 8 love1 p]haps z gratitude or idiosyncrasy ( ta/e1 & s-call$ elective aff9ity1 b x does n belong to ! ess5ce ( 8 love--& inde$ s little1 t "o might almo/ be entitl$ to speak ( a natural opposition betwe5 love & fidelity 9 man1 ^: love is j a desire to possess1 & n a r5unciation & giv+ away2 ! desire to possess1 h[ev]1 comes to an end e "t ) ! possession4 #cba-cbc ,ev]y?+ t is ?\ght1 v]sifi$1 pa9t$ & compos$1 yea1 ev5 built & m\ld$1 belongs ei!r to monologic art1 or to art be=e witnesses4 ,"u ! latt] !re is also to be includ$ ! app>5tly monologic art :i* involves ! belief 9 ,god1 ! :ole lyric ( pray]2 because = a pi\s man !re is no solitude1--we1 ! godless1 h be5 ! fir/ to devise ?is inv5tion4 #cbh ,a sci5tific int]pretation ( ! _w z y und]/& x might consequ5tly /ill be "o ( ! /upide/1 t is to say1 ! mo/ de/itute ( significance1 ( all possible _w-int]pretations4444 ,an ess5tially me*anical _w w\ld be an ess5tially mean+less ,_w6 #cci-cdj ,we1 ! new1 ! nameless1 ! h>d-to-und]/&1 we fir/l+s ( a yet untri$ future--we require = a new end also a new means1 namely1 a new heal?9ess1 /rong]1 %>p]1 t\gh]1 bold] & m]ri] ?an any heal?9ess hi!rto4 #cea ,ano!r ideal runs on be=e u1 a /range1 tempt+ ideal1 full ( dang]1 to :i* we %\ld n l to p]suade any "o1 because we d n s readily ackn[l$ge any "o's "r !reto3 ! ideal ( a _s :o plays naively 7t is to say involunt>ily & f ov]fl[+ abundance & p[]7 ) ev]y?+ t has hi!rto be5 call$ holy1 good1 inviolable1 div9e2 to :om ! l(tie/ conception :i* ! p h reasonably made _! measure ( value1 w\ld already imply dang]1 ru91 abasem5t1 or at lea/ relaxation1 bl9dness1 or tempor>y self-=getfulness2 ! ideal ( a humanly sup]human welf>e & b5evol5ce1 :i* may (t5 en\gh appe> inhuman4 444 #ceb-cec ,v ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra ,he /ud5t ( ,nietzs*e c well af=d to leave ! read+ ( ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra 7,also ,spra* ,z>a?u/ra7 until he has prep>$ himself = ! task by /udy+ ,nietzs*e's o!r & less obscure books4 ,9 bo? its conception & execution x diff]s m>k$ly f all ! works :i* prec$$ & foll[$ x4 ,x is writt5 9 an ar*aic & poetical /yle1 & 9 _m places is purposely obscure4 ,nietzs*e did n int5d x = ! g5]al public1 & ! f\r? "p 0 n publi%$ until sev5 ye>s aft] its completion4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] _h ,z>a?u/ra be5 )held f ! presses until ,nietzs*e's o!r works _h ga9$ a wid] recognition1 = x un=tunately lays itself op5 to all mann] ( misund]/&+ & mis9t]pretation4 ,9 fact1 x is impossible to read ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra compreh5d+ly until sev]al ( ! o!r books ( ?is philosoph]1 su* z ,! ,dawn ( ,day1 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals & ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 h be5 consum$ & assimilat$4 ,un=tunately ?is book1 because ( ! attractive m$ium ( its /yle1 0 "o ( ! fir/ to fall into ! h&s ( ,engli% speak+ p4 ,= _m ye>s x 0 ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! _m false accusations aga9/ ,nietzs*e :i* ga9$ wide circulation4 ,! figures ( spee* conta9$ 9 x & ! num]\s p>ables :i* are us$ to set =? its ideas l5d !mselves all too easily to falsities ( judgm5t & errone\s evaluations4 ,read+ ! book unprep>$ly "o may f9d :at appe> to be unexpla9able contradictions & e?ical sophi/ries4 ,above all1 "o may wrongly s5se ! abs5ce ( t high] e?ical virtue :i* is d5i$ ,nietzs*e 9 qu>t]s :]e he is lea/ und]/ood1 b :i* e close /ud5t ( 8 works kn[s to =m ! basis ( 8 ?\ght4 ,nietzs*e began ! writ+ ( ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra e>ly 9 ! ye> #ahhc1 & he did n f9i% x until ! middle ( ,febru>y1 #ahhe4 ,! actual conception ( ! book came mu* be=e ?is "t ev51 z f> back z ! summ] ( #ahha4 ,?is is :5 ! idea ( et]nal recurr5ce fir/ took possession ( him4 ,at once he began mak+ notes1 us+ ?is idea z ! basis ( ,z>a?u/ra's tea*+s4 ,at ?is "t ,nietzs*e 0 j recov]+ f a siege ( ill heal? :i* _h ext5d$ ov] _m ye>s1 & no d\bt ! buoyant & rhapsodic =m 9 :i* he conceiv$ ?is "w 0 due to 8 sudd5 acquisition ( bodily heal?4 ,! fir/ "p 0 writt5 9 t5 days1 ! second "p a few mon?s lat]1 & ! ?ird "p 9 ! autumn ( ! same ye>4 ,b x 0 n until aft] a lapse ( eighte5 mon?s t ! f\r? & la/ section 0 complet$4 ,because ( ?is long int]val we see a radical diff]5ce betwe5 ! fir/ ?ree p>ts ( ! book & ! la/ "p4 ,! language rema9s v mu* ! same ?r\gh\t--spectacul>1 poetic & symbolic--b ! =m is *ang$4 ,! epigrammatic & non-sequaci\s m&ates give way to a long connect$ p>able4 ,! psalmodie brevity ( ! utt]ances ( ! fir/ ?ree sections is supplant$ by description & n>rative4 ,a /ory runs ?r\gh ! entire f\r? "p2 & x is 9 ! obscurities ( ?is fable1 r ?an 9 any specific /atem5ts1 t we mu/ seek ! gi/ ( ,nietzs*e's doctr9es4 ,?is w\ld be an impossible task 7 we n m or less famili> ) 8 o!r books4 ,yet1 once we und]/& ! g5]al tr5d ( 8 ?\ght1 we c p5etrate at once to ! mean+s hidd5 9 ! fanta/ic divagations ( 8 /ory & c und]/& ! di?yrambic utt]ances ( bo? ,z>a?u/ra & ! high] m5 9 ! cave4 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra is unique = ! reason t !re are few po9ts 9 ,nietzs*e's sy/em ( e?ic--& = ! mo/ "p !y are ! unimportant ones--:i* we _c f9d some:]e 9 its pages4 ,b d n ?9k t "o c grasp an idea ( ! sweep ( 8 entire ?\ght m]ely by read+ ?is book4 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ simply word$ & mo/ lucidly phras$ passages "o w\ld f9d difficulty 9 foll[+ ! /eps 9 8 philosophy1 unless !re _h be5 consid]able prep>atory /udy4 ,to be sure1 !re are num]\s isolat$ epigrams & bits ( obs]vation :i* are easily und]/ood1 b _! m]e isolation v (t5 robs !m ( ! true mean+ !y hold :5 relat$ to ! o!r precepts4 ,! v lit]alness ) :i* ^! passages h be5 tak5 by ^? :o h read ,z>a?u/ra be=e /udy+ any ( ! o!r works ( ,nietzs*e1 acc\nts 9 a l>ge measure = ! ignorance 9 :i* he is held ev5 by ^? :o pr(ess to h read him & und]/ood him4 ,a philosophy su* z 81 ! outpo/s ( :i* are s f> remov$ f ! r\t9e ( our pres5t social life1 is naturally hamp]$ by ! re/rict$ connotation ( curr5t words--ev5 ^? te*nical words us$ to express ab/ract & inf9ite ?+s4 ,= ?is reason x is inevitable t false mean+s %\ld atta* to _m ( 8 /atem5ts1 & t misund]/&+s %\ld arise 9 qu>t]s :]e !re does n exi/ a previ\s g5]al k ( ! co-ord9at$ /ructure ( 8 tea*+s4 ,?is g5]al k _c be ga9$ f ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra4 ,_m ( its pages are entirely )\t significance to ! read] n already acqua9t$ ) ,nietzs*e's ?\ght4 ,& mu* ( its nom5clature is mean+less )\t ! explanations to be f\nd 9 ! ma9 body ( 8 "w4 ,= ! read]1 h[ev]1 :o picks up ?is book aft] hav+ equipp$ himself = an und]/&+ ( x1 !re is mu* ( fasc9ation & /imulation4 ,nietzs*e reg>d$ x z 8 mo/ intimate & p]sonal1 & !re=e 8 mo/ important1 "w4 ,he ev5 _h plans = two m p>ts :i* 7 to be includ$ 9 x4 ,b ^! 7 nev] f9i%$4 ,! indiff]5ce ) :i* ! book 0 receiv$1 ev5 by ^? on ^: sympa?y & und]/&+ he _h mo/ c\nt$1 react$ unfav\rably ^u him4 ,x is nev]!less1 j z x /&s1 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable pieces ( philosophic lit]ature ( mod]n times4 ,its =m alone makes x unique4 ,in/ead ( /at+ 8 beliefs directly & )\t circumlocution1 z 0 always 8 me?od bo? be=e & aft] ! writ+ ( ?is book1 ,nietzs*e *ose = 8 m\?piece a poet & philosoph] borr[$ f ! ,p]sians1 namely3 ,zoroa/]4 ,?is sage ( ! anci5ts 0 us$ z a symbol ( ! high] man4 ,into 8 m\? 7 put ,nietzs*e's own ideas 9 ! =m ( p>ables1 admonitions1 exhortations & disc\rses4 ,! w&]+s & exp]i5ces ( ?is ,zoroa/] are *ronicl$1 & ea* ev5t 9 8 life embodies a mean+ 9 direct accord ) ! ,nietzs*ean sy/em ( conduct4 ,because ( ! ,p]sian orig9 ( ,zoroa/] "o might imag9e t influ5ces ( ,p]sian philosophy w\ld be discov]able 9 ! tea*+s ( ?is nomadic poet4 ,b ) ! "n all simil>ity betwe5 ! spokesman & 8 doctr9es ends4 ,nietzs*e's *oice ( ,zoroa/] z 8 m\?piece grew out ( 8 e>ly admiration = ! ,p]sians :o1 he decl>$1 7 ! fir/ to take a broad & compreh5sive view ( hi/ory4 ,z we see ,zoroa/] 9 ?is book we recognise him at once z none o!r ?an ,nietzs*e himself2 & ! exp]i5ces ?r\gh :i* he goes 9 8 w&]+s are b picturesquely /at$ acc\nts ( ,nietzs*e's own suff]+s1 raptures1 aspirations & disappo9tm5ts4 ,to ^? famili> ) ,nietzs*e's life1 _m ( ! *>act]s introduc$ 9 ! book w be recognis$ z portraitures ( m5 ^: lives cross$ t ( ! philosoph]4 ,likewise1 _m ( ! p>ables & fables are ?9ly disguis$ acc\nts ( ! incid5ts 9 8 own life4 ,9 ! la/ "p ( ! book we f9d ,nietzs*e creat+ a fanta/ic poet to repres5t ,wagn]1 & hold+ him up to sev]e & uncompromis+ criticism4 ,zoroa/]1 z he appe>s 9 ?is book1 is an it9]ant law-giv] & prophet :o seeks ! wa/e places ( ! e>?1 ! m\nta9s1 pla9s & sea %ores1 avoid+ mank9d & c>ry+ ) him two symbolic animals1 an eagle & a snake4 ,at ! end ( 8 w&]+s he discov]s a lion :i* is = him ! sign t 8 j\rney is draw+ to a close1 = ?is lion repres5ts all t is be/ & mo/ p[]ful 9 nature4 ,! book is compris$ ( ! disc\rses & s]mons :i* ,zoroa/] deliv]s f day to day to ! occasional disciples & unbeliev]s :o cross ! pa? ( 8 w&]+s4 ,!re are conv]sations betwe5 him & 8 accompany+ animals2 & 9 ! la/ "p ( ! book he ga!rs toge!r 9 8 cave a numb] ( m5 repres5t+ types ( ! high] man & talks ) !m4 ,9 all 8 disc\rses he makes use ( a rhapsodic & poetic /yle1 n unlike t f\nd 9 ! ,psalms ( ,david4 ,! text tell+ ( ,zoroa/]'s w&]+s & exp]i5ces is ca/ 9 ! mann] ( ! e>ly religi\s books ( ! ,ori5tals4 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra 0 ! fir/ book to foll[ ,human1 ,all-,too-,human1 ,! ,dawn ( ,day & ,! ,joyful ,wisdom1 & _m ( ,nietzs*e's con/ructive ideas are pres5t$ "h = ! fir/ "t4 ,"p ,i is m lucid & c be m easily und]/ood ?an ! p>ts :i* foll[4 ,9 x ,nietzs*e designates ! classes ( humanity & diff]5tiates betwe5 !m4 ,8 ?ree fam\s metamorphoses ( ! _s--symbolis$ by ! camel1 ! lion & ! *ild--are /at$ & expla9$4 ,"h we f9d ! philosoph]'s mo/ widely quot$ passages p]ta9+ to m>riage & *ild-be>+2 8 doctr9e ( w> & peace2 & ^? passages :]e9 he rev]ses ! beatitudes4 ,! passions & pref]5ces ( ! individual are criticis$ 9 _! relation to ! high] man1 & ! m obvi\s in/9cts are analys$4 ,nietzs*e outl9es me?ods ( conduct1 & dissects ! actions & attitudes ( 8 disciples1 prais+ !m or blam+ !m 9 accordance ) 8 own values4 ,he pres5ts an illum9at+ analysis ( *>ity1 & outl9es 9 8 *apt]1 ,! ,be/[+ ,virtue1 ! conditions "u :i* x may become a means to exi/5ce4 ,he poses ! problem ( relative morality1 & sugge/s ! l9es along :i* 8 !sis w be develop$ at a lat] date4 ,! sup]man is def9$ briefly b ) a complet5ess suffici5t = u to s5se 8 relation to ! philosophical s*eme ( :i* he is a "p4 ,! conception ( ! sup]man 0 f\nd$ on ,d>w9's doctr9e ( organic evolution1 & ,nietzs*e seeks to br+ ?is sup]man ab\t by ! application ( ! law ( natural selection & by giv+ ! law ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ an op5 field = op]ation4 ,"h1 too1 we h ! /atem5t ( ,nietzs*e's racial ideal3 ! highe/ exempl>s ( ! race1 & n a /&>diz$ goal1 is ! aim ( 8 philosophy4 ,9 ,"p ,,ii ! doctr9e ( ! w to p[] is cle>ly set =? 9 its framework4 ,! *apt] :]e9 ?is appe>s--,self-,surpass+--is m]ely a brief exposition f\nd$ on obs]vation4 ,! developm5t ( ?is idea is n to be f\nd until t[>d ! end ( ,nietzs*e's life2 b t ! !ory 0 cle>ly conceiv$ 9 8 m9d is evid5c$ by ! fact t x is con/antly be+ appli$ ?r\gh\t ! rema9d] ( 8 works4 ,9 its pres5t =m x is no m ?an a /atem5t1 b s cle>ly is x pres5t$ t "o is able to grasp its significance & to det]m9e 9 j :at mann] x diff]$ f ! ,d>w9ian & ,sp5c]ian doctr9es4 ,9 ?is same section are conta9$ _m p]sonal *apt]s1 includ+ an excoriation ( 8 e>ly critics1 a comp>ison betwe5 himself & ,s*op5hau]1 an acc\nt ( 8 e>ly anti-s*ola/ic w>f>e1 a criticism ( mod]n sci5tific me?ods1 a ref]5ce to 8 fri5d%ip ) ,wagn]1 & an expression ( regret at ! misund]/&+ :i* greet$ 8 e>li] works4 ,"o ( ! f9al *apt]s (f]s a def9ition ( pr(undity :i* goes deep into ! v und]curr5ts ( 8 philosophy4 ,! mo/ important mat]ial to be f\nd 9 ! book is enc\nt]$ 9 ,"p ,,iii4 ,"u ! caption1 ,! ,old & ! ,new ,tables1 we h an important summ+ up ( ! pr9cipal tea*+s 9 ! ,nietzs*ean philosophical s*eme4 ,"h also we meet ! doctr9e ( et]nal recurr5ce :i*1 z ,i h said1 g5]at$ ! conception ( ?is book4 ,its pres5t /atem5t is limit$ to a few t5tative speculations2 lat] on x 0 develop$ & set =? ) great] =ce & c]ta9ty4 ,b despite ! fact t 9 8 autobiography ,nietzs*e calls ?is speculative philosophic doctr9e ! highe/ ( all possible =mul ( a ,yea-say+ philosophy1 too mu* importance mu/ n be atta*$ to x 9 its relation to 8 writ+s4 ,9 ! fir/ place x 0 by no means new ) him3 he himself reconnoitr$ a bit 9 "o ( 8 e>ly essays look+ = its possible orig94 ,& 9 ! second place x _h little influ5ce on 8 ma9 doctr9e ( ! sup]man4 ,al?\gh he sp5t consid]able "t & space 9 its elucidation1 x nev] became an integral "p ( any ( 8 tea*+s4 ,r 0 x some?+ sup]impos$ on 8 o!r =mul--a condition introduc$ into ! actualities ( 8 conception ( ! univ]se4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he flirt$ ) ?is idea ( recurr5ce l>gely because x 0 ! mo/ di%e>t5+ ob/acle he c\ld conceive 9 ! pa? ( ! sup]man2 & z no ob/acle 0 too great to be fac$ triumphantly by ?is man ( ! future1 he impos$ ?is condition ( et]nal recurr5ce ^u him z an ultimate te/ ( =titude4 ,?is idea w\ld h add$ ! f9al t\* ( futility to ambition1 & ,nietzs*e c\ld n conceive ( true greatness 9 man unless futility 0 at ! bottom ( all ambitions4 ,h[ev]1 x is possible to elim9ate ! entire idea ( et]nal recurr5ce f ,nietzs*e's "w )\t alt]+ fundam5tally any ( 8 ma9 tea*+s1 = x is1 9 8 v conception ( x1 a deputy condition ( exi/5ce4 ,"p ,,iv1 ! n>rative section1 answ]s ! qu]y (t5 rais$3 ,= :om is ,nietzs*e's philosophy int5d$8 ,x does away once & = all ) ! assumption ( c]ta9 critics t 8 writ+s 7 = all classes4 ,9 fact1 ?is assumption1 con/antly posit$ by s*ol>s--ev5 ^? :o claim to possess an intimate k ( ,nietzs*e's "w--is n[h]e borne out 9 8 text4 ,z f> back z ,?\ghts out ( ,season ! rev]se ( ?is supposition 0 inf]5tially /at$2 & 9 ,! ,anti*ri/ & ,! ,w to ,p[] we h def9ite d5ials t 8 doctr9es 7 int5d$ = e "o4 ,yet "o is con/antly enc\nt]+ critical refutations ( 8 philosophy bas$ on ! !ory t he address$ 8 tea*+s to all m54 ,no?+ c\ld be fur!r f ! tru?4 ,he held no vision ( a race ( sup]m53 a mill5nium f\nd$ on ! ex]tion ( p[] 0 nei!r 8 aim nor 8 hope4 ,8 philosophy 0 entirely ari/ocratic4 ,x 0 a sy/em ( e?ics design$ = ! ma/]s ( ! race2 & 8 books 7 gifts = ! intellig5t man alone4 ,locke1 ,r\sseau & ,hume are (t5 br\ght =w>d by critics z answ]s to 8 attempts at transvaluation2 b a close inspection ( ,nietzs*e's def9ition ( slave-morality1 :i* 0 an important factor 9 8 e?ical s*eme1 w %[ t x is possible to accept ! philosophy ( ! sup]man )\t abrogat+ ! s(t] e?ics ( ^! ?ree o!r ?9k]s4 ,nietzs*e's /& 9 reg>d to 8 audi5ce is made obvi\s 9 ! fable ( ,z>a?u/ra4 ,! poet-philosoph] exp]i5ces ! in/9ct = pity1 b on go+ out into ! _w1 he recognises ?is in/9ct z p]ta9+ only to ! high] m54 ,:5 he f9ds num]\s ( ^! m5 9 dang] f ! ignorance ( ! populace & f ! re/rictions ( environm5t1 he leads !m to 8 cave1 & !re1 isolat$ f ! inf]ior man1 disc\rses ) !m on ! problems ( life & po9ts out to !m ! c\rse !y mu/ take 9 ord] to br+ ab\t ! sup]man4 ,because ( ! nature ( ! book x is extremely difficult to select deta*$ passages f x :i* w give an entirely adequate idea ( its cont5ts4 ,(t5 a s+le philosophical po9t w be conta9$ 9 a long p>able1 & ! only way to pres5t t po9t 9 ,nietzs*e's own words w\ld h be5 to embody ! :ole p>able 9 ?is *apt]4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,!re=e1 _m ( ! ideas set =? 9 ! book h n be5 includ$ 9 ! foll[+ exc]pts4 ,"p ,,iv does n l5d itself at all to mutilation1 & ,i h be5 unable to take any?+ save a few g5]al passages f ?is section4 ,h[ev]1 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra is n a book to :i* "o %\ld g to become famili> ) ,nietzs*e's tea*+s4 ,:5 "o sits d[n to read x1 my advice is t ! notes ( ,mr4 ,an?ony ,m4 ,ludovici :i* are to be f\nd 9 ! app5dix ( ! /&>d ,engli% edition1 be foll[$ closely4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,?us ,,spake ,,z>a?u/ra ,i tea* y ! ,sup]man444 ,man is some?+ t is to be surpass$4 #f ,:at is ! ape to man8 ,a laugh+-/ock1 a ?+ ( %ame4 ,& j ! same %all man be to ! ,sup]man3 a laugh+-/ock1 a ?+ ( %ame4 #f ,ye h made y\r way f ! worm to man1 & mu* )9 y is /ill worm4 ,once 7 ye apes1 & ev5 yet man is m ( an ape ?an any ( ! apes4 #g ,i conjure y1 my bre?r51 rema9 true to ! e>?4 & believe n ^? :o speak unto y ( sup]-e>?ly hopes6 ,poison]s are !y1 :e!r !y "k x or n4 #g ,to blaspheme ! e>? is n[ ! dreadfule/ s94444 #g ,man is a rope /ret*$ betwe5 ! animal & ! ,sup]man--a rope ov] an abyss4 #i ,:at is great 9 man is t he is a bridge & n a goal4444 #i ,i tell y3 "o mu/ /ill h *aos 9 "o1 to give bir? to a danc+ />4444 #ab ,?ree metamorphoses ( ! _s d ,i designate to y3 h[ ! _s become? a camel1 ! camel a lion1 & ! lion at la/ a *ild4 ,_m heavy ?+s are !re = ! _s1 ! /rong load-be>+ _s 9 :i* rev]5ce dwelle?3 = ! heavy & ! heavie/ longe? its /r5g?4 ,:at is heavy8 s aske? ! load-be>+ _s2 !n kneele? x d[n l ! camel1 & wante? to be well lad54 ,:at is ! heavie/ ?+1 ye h]oes8 aske? ! load-be>+ _s1 t ,i may take x ^u me & rejoice 9 my /r5g?4 ,is x n ?is3 ,to humiliate oneself 9 ord] to mortify "o's pride8 ,to exhibit "o's folly 9 ord] to mock at "o's wisdom8 ,or is x ?is3 ,to des]t our cause :5 x celebrate? its triumph8 ,to asc5d high m\nta9s to tempt ! tempt]8 ,or is x ?is3 ,to fe$ on ! acorns & grass ( k1 & = ! sake ( tru? to suff] hung] ( s\l8 ,or is x ?is3 ,to be sick & dismiss com=t]s1 & make fri5ds ( ! deaf1 :o nev] he> ?y reque/s8 ,or is x ?is3 ,to g into f\l wat] :5 x is ! wat] ( tru?1 & n disclaim cold frogs & hot toads8 ,or is x ?is3 ,to love ^? :o despise u1 & give "o's h& to ! phantom :5 x is go+ to fright5 u8 ,all ^! heavie/ ?+s ! load-be>+ _s take? ^u itself3 & l ! camel1 :i*1 :5 lad51 ha/5e? into ! wild]ness1 s ha/5e? ! _s into its wild]ness4 ,b 9 ! lonelie/ wild]ness happ5e? ! second metamorphosis3 "h ! _s become? a lion2 fre$om w x capture1 & lord%ip 9 its own wild]ness4 ,its la/ ,"l x "h seeke?3 ho/ile w x be to him1 & to its la/ ,god2 = victory w x /ruggle ) ! great dragon4 ,:at is ! great dragon :i* ! _s is no long] incl9$ to call ,"l & ,god8 ,?\ %alt1 is ! great dragon call$4 ,b ! _s ( ! lion sai?1 ,i w4 ,?\ %alt1 lie? 9 its pa?1 sp>kl+ ) gold--a scale-cov]$ bea/2 & on e scale glitt]e? gold51 ,?\ %alt6 ,! values ( a ?\s& ye>s glitt] on ^? scales1 & ?us speake? ! mightie/ ( all dragons3 ,all ! values ( ?+s--glitt] on me4 ,all values h already be5 creat$1 & all creat$ values--d ,i repres5t4 ,v]ily1 !re %all be no ',i w' any m4 ,?us speake? ! dragon4 ,my bre?r51 :]e=e is !re ne$ ( ! lion 9 ! _s8 ,:y suffice? n ! bea/ ( burd51 :i* r5\nce? & is rev]5t8 ,to create new values--t1 ev5 ! lion _c yet accompli%3 b to create itself fre$om = new creat+--t c ! might ( ! lion d4 ,to create itself fre$om1 & give a holy ,nay ev5 unto duty3 = t1 my bre?r51 !re is ne$ ( ! lion4 ,to assume ! "r to new values--t is ! mo/ =midable assumption = a load-be>+ & rev]5t _s4 ,v]ily1 unto su* a _s x is prey+1 & ! "w ( a bea/ ( prey4 ,z its holie/1 x once lov$ ,?\ %alt3 n[ is x =c$ to f9d illusion & arbitr>9ess ev5 9 ! holie/ ?+s1 t x may capture fre$om f its love3 ! lion is ne$$ = ?is capture4 ,b tell me1 my bre?r51 :at ! *ild c d1 :i* ev5 ! lion c\ld n d8 ,:y ha? ! prey+ lion /ill to become a *ild8 ,innoc5ce is ! *ild1 & =getfulness1 a new beg9n+1 a game1 a self-roll+ :eel1 a fir/ movem5t1 a holy ,yea4 ,aye1 = ! game ( creat+1 my bre?r51 !re is ne$$ a holy ,yea unto life3 its own w1 wille? n[ ! _s2 8 own _w w9ne? ! _w's outca/4 ,?ree metamorphoses ( ! _s h ,i designat$ to y3 h[ ! _s became a camel1 ! camel a lion1 & ! lion at la/ a *ild4 #be-bg ,a new pride 444 tea* ,i unto m53 no long] to ?ru/ ! head into ! s& ( cele/ial ?+s1 b to c>ry x freely1 a t]re/rial head1 :i* give? mean+ to ! e>?6 ,a new w tea* ,i unto m53 to *oose t pa? :i* man ha? foll[$ bl9dly1 & to approve ( x--& no long] to sl9k aside f x1 l ! sick & p]i%+6 ,! sick & p]i%+--x 0 !y :o despis$ ! body & ! e>?1 & inv5t$ ! heav5ly _w1 & ! r$eem+ blood-drops2 b ev5 ^? sweet & sad poisons !y borr[$ f ! body & ! e>?6 #cc-cd ,! awak5$ "o1 ! kn[+ "o1 sai?3 ,body am ,i entirely1 & no?+ m2 & s\l is only ! "n ( some?+ 9 ! body4 #ce ,! body is a big sagacity1 a plurality ) "o s5se1 a w> & a peace1 a flock & a %eph]d4 ,an in/rum5t ( ?y body is also ?y little sagacity1 my bro!r1 :i* ?\ calle/ _s--a little in/rum5t & play?+ ( ?y big sagacity4 ,in/rum5ts & play?+s are s5se & _s3 beh9d !m !re is /ill ! ,self4 ,! ,self seeke? ) ! eyes ( ! s5ses1 x he>k5e? also ) ! e>s ( ! _s4 #cf ,beh9d ?y ?\ghts & feel+s1 my bro!r1 !re is a mighty "l1 an unkn[n sage--x is call$ ,self2 x dwelle? 9 ?y body1 x is ?y body4 #cf ,:5 ?\ ha/ a virtue1 & x is ?9e own virtue1 ?\ ha/ x 9 common ) no "o4 #ch ,if ?\ be =tunate1 !n wilt ?\ h "o virtue & no m3 ?us goe/ ?\ easi] ov] ! bridge4 #ci ,enemy %all ye say b n villa91 invalid %all ye say b n wret*1 fool %all ye say b n s9n]4 #da ,( all t is writt51 ,i love only :at a p]son ha? writt5 ) 8 blood4 ,write ) blood1 & ?\ wilt f9d t blood is _s4 #dc ,ye look al(t :5 ye long = exaltation2 & ,i look d[nw>d because ,i am exalt$4 ,:o among y c at ! same "t laugh & be exalt$8 ,he :o climbe? on ! highe/ m\nta9s1 laughe? at all tragic plays & tragic realities4 ,c\rage\s1 unconc]n$1 scornful1 co]cive--s wisdom wi%e? u2 %e is a woman1 & ev] love? a w>rior4 #dd ,x is true we love life2 n because we are wont to live1 b because we are wont to love4 #dd ,i %\ld only believe 9 a ,god t w\ld "k h[ to dance4 #de ,n by wra?1 b by laught]1 d we slay4 ,come1 let u slay ! _s ( gravity6 #de ,full is ! e>? ( ! sup]flu\s2 m>r$ is life by ! _m-too-_m4 ,may !y be decoy$ out ( ?is life by ! life et]nal6 #di ,ye are n great en\gh n to "k ( hatr$ & envy4 ,!n be great en\gh n to be a%am$ ( !m6 #ea ,ye %all love peace z a means to new w>s--& ! %ort peace m ?an ! long4 ,y ,i advise n to "w1 b to fight4 ,y1 ,i advise n to peace1 b to victory4 ,let y\r "w be a fight1 let y\r peace be a victory6 #eb ,ye say x is ! good cause :i* hall[e? ev5 w>8 ,i say unto y3 x is ! good w> :i* hall[e? e cause4 #eb ,:at is good8 ye ask4 ,to be brave is good4 #eb ,ye %all only h enemies to be hat$1 b n enemies to be despis$4 ,ye mu/ be pr\d ( y\r enemies2 !n1 ! successes ( y\r enemies are also y\r successes4 #ec ,a /ate is call$ ! colde/ ( all cold mon/]s4 ,coldly lie? x also2 & ?is lie creepe? f its m\?3 ,i1 ! /ate1 am ! p4 #ed ,j see ^! sup]flu\s ones6 ,!y /eal ! works ( ! inv5tors & ! treasures ( ! wise4 ,culture1 !y call _! !ft--& ev]y?+ become? sickness & tr\ble unto !m6 #ef ,ar\nd ! devis]s ( new values revolve? ! _w3--invisibly x revolve?4 ,b ar\nd ! actors revolve ! p & ! glory3 su* is ! c\rse ( ?+s4 #eh ,w\ld t ye 7 p]fect--at lea/ z animals6 ,b to animals belonge? innoc5ce4 #fa ,*a/ity is a virtue ) "s1 b ) _m almo/ a vice4 #fa ,to :om *a/ity is difficult1 x is to be dissuad$3 le/ x become ! road to hell--to fil? & lu/ ( s\l4 #fb ,if "o w\ld h a fri5d1 !n mu/ "o also be will+ to wage w> = him3 & 9 ord] to wage w>1 "o mu/ be capable ( be+ an enemy4 #fc ,9 "o's fri5d "o %all h "o's be/ enemy4 ,?\ %alt be close/ unto him ) ?y he>t :5 ?\ )/&e/ him4 #fc ,art ?\ a slave8 ,!n ?\ can/ n be a fri5d4 ,art ?\ a tyrant8 ,!n ?\ can/ n h fri5ds4 ,f> too long ha? !re be5 a slave & a tyrant conceal$ 9 woman4 ,on t acc\nt woman is n yet capable ( fri5d%ip3 %e kn[e? only love4 ,9 woman's love !re is inju/ice & bl9dness to all %e do? n love4 ,& ev5 9 woman's consci\s love1 !re is /ill always surprise & lightn+ & night1 along ) ! light4 #fe ,values did man only assign to ?+s 9 ord] to ma9ta9 himself--he creat$ only ! significance ( ?+s1 a human significance6 ,!re=e1 calle? he himself man1 t is1 ! valuator4 #fg ,a ?\s& goals h !re be5 hi!rto1 = a ?\s& peoples h !re be54 ,only ! fett] = ! ?\s& necks is /ill lack+2 !re is lack+ ! "o goal4 ,z yet humanity ha? n a goal4 #fi ,d ,i advise y to neighb\r-love8 ,r d ,i advise y to neighb\r-flight & to fur!/ love6 ,high] ?an love to y\r neighb\r is love to ! fur!/ & future ones2 high] /ill ?an love to m51 is love to ?+s & phantoms4 ,! phantom t runne? on be=e !e1 my bro!r1 is fair] ?an ?\2 :y do/ ?\ n give unto x ?y fle% & ?y bones8444 #fi ,art ?\ "o entitl$ to escape f a yoke8 ,_m a "o ha? ca/ away 8 f9al wor? :5 he ha? ca/ away 8 s]vitude4 ,free f :at8 ,:at do? t matt] to ,z>a?u/ra6 ,cle>ly1 h[ev]1 %all ?9e eye %[ unto me3 free = :at8 #ga ,ev]y?+ 9 woman is a riddle1 & ev]y?+ 9 woman ha? "o solution--x is call$ pregnancy4 ,man is = woman1 a means3 ! purpose is always ! *ild4 ,b :at is woman = man8 ,two diff]5t ?+s wante? ! true man3 dang] & div]sion4 ,!re=e wante? he woman1 z ! mo/ dang]\s play?+4 ,man %all be tra9$ = w>1 & woman = ! recreation ( ! w>rior3 all else is folly4 ,two sweet fruits--^! ! w>rior like? n4 ,!re=e like? he woman2--bitt] is ev] ! sweete/ woman4 ,bett] ?an man do? woman und]/& *ildr51 b man is m *ildi% ?an woman4 ,9 ! true man !re is a *ild hidd53 x wante? to play4 ,up !n1 ye wom51 & discov] ! *ild 9 man6 ,a play?+ let woman be1 pure & f9e l ! preci\s /one1 illum9$ ) ! virtues ( a _w n yet come4 ,let ! beam ( a /> %9e 9 y\r love6 ,let y\r hope say3 ,may ,i be> ! ,sup]man6 ,9 y\r love let !re be val\r6 ,) y\r love %all ye assail him :o inspire? y ) fe>6 ,9 y\r love be y\r hon\r6 ,little do? woman und]/& o!rwise ab\t hon\r4 ,b let ?is be y\r hon\r3 always to love m ?an ye are lov$1 & nev] be ! second4 ,let man fe> woman :5 %e love?3 !n make? %e e sacrifice1 & ev]y?+ else %e reg>de? z wor?less4 ,let man fe> woman :5 %e hate?3 = man 9 8 inn]mo/ s\l is m]ely evil2 woman1 h[ev]1 is mean4 ,:om hate? woman mo/8--,?us spake ! iron to ! load/one3 ,i hate !e mo/1 because ?\ attracte/1 b art too weak to draw unto !e4 ,! happ9ess ( man is1 ,i w4 ,! happ9ess ( woman is1 ,he w4 #gf ,?\ goe/ to wom58 ,d n =get ?y :ip6 #gg ,:5 444 ye h an enemy1 !n return him n good = evil3 = t w\ld aba% him4 ,b prove t he ha? done some?+ good to y4 ,& r be angry ?an aba% any "o6 ,& :5 ye are curs$1 x please? me n t ye %\ld !n desire to bless4 ,r curse a little also6 #gh ,tell me3 :]e f9d we ju/ice1 :i* is love ) see+ eyes8 #gh ,?\ art "y1 & desire/ *ild & m>riage4 ,b ,i ask !e3 ,art ?\ a man entitl$ to desire a *ild8 ,art ?\ ! victori\s "o1 ! self-conqu]or1 ! rul] ( ?y passions1 ! ma/] ( ?y virtues8 ,?us d ,i ask !e4 ,or do? ! animal speak 9 ?y wi%1 & necessity8 ,or isolation8 ,or discord 9 !e8 ,i w\ld h ?y victory & fre$om long = a *ild4 ,liv+ monum5ts %alt ?\ build to ?y victory & emancipation4 ,beyond ?yself %alt ?\ build4 ,b fir/ ( all mu/ ?\ be built ?yself1 rectangul> 9 body & s\l4 #gi ,m>riage3 s call ,i ! w ( ! twa9 to create ! "o t is m ?an ^? :o creat$ x4 #hj ,t :i* ! _m-too-_m call m>riage1 ^? sup]flu\s ones--ah1 :at %all ,i call x8 ,ah1 ! pov]ty ( s\l 9 ! twa96 ,ah1 ! fil? ( s\l 9 ! twa96 ,ah1 ! pitiable self-complac5cy 9 ! twa96 ,m>riage !y call x all2 & !y say _! m>riages are made 9 heav54 ,well1 ,i d n l x1 t heav5 ( ! sup]flu\s2 ,no1 ,i d n l !m1 ^? animals tangl$ 9 ! heav5ly toils6 ,f> f me also be ! ,god :o limpe? ?i!r to bless :at he ha? n mat*$6 ,laugh n at su* m>riages6 ,:at *ild ha? n _h reason to weep ov] its p>5ts8 #hj ,e "o reg>de? dy+ z a great matt]3 b z yet dea? is n a fe/ival4 ,n yet h p le>n$ to inaugurate ! f9e/ fe/ivals4 #hb ,my dea?1 praise ,i unto y1 ! volunt>y dea?1 :i* come? unto me because ,i want x4 ,& :5 %all ,i want x8--,he t ha? a goal & an heir1 wante? dea? at ! "r "t = ! goal & ! heir4 #hc ,x is y\r ?ir/ to become sacrifices & gifts y\rselves3 & !re=e h ye ! ?ir/ to accumulate all ri*es 9 y\r s\l4 ,insatiably /rive? y\r s\l = treasures & jewels1 because y\r virtue is insatiable 9 desir+ to be/[4 ,ye con/ra9 all ?+s to fl[ t[>ds y & into y1 s t !y %all fl[ back aga9 out ( y\r f\nta9 z ! gifts ( y\r love4 ,v]ily1 an appropriator ( all values mu/ su* be/[+ love become2 b heal?y & holy1 call ,i ?is selfi%ness4 #hf ,:5 ye are exalt$ above praise & blame1 & y\r w w\ld comm& all ?+s1 z a lov+ "o's w3 !re is ! orig9 ( y\r virtue4 #hg ,rema9 true to ! e>?1 my bre?r51 ) ! p[] ( y\r virtue6 ,let y\r be/[+ love & y\r k be devot$ to be ! mean+ ( ! e>?6 ,?us d ,i pray & conjure y4 ,let x n fly away f ! e>?ly & beat aga9/ et]nal walls ) its w+s6 #hh ,! man ( k mu/ be able n only to love 8 enemies1 b also to hate 8 fri5ds4 #ij ,once did p say ,god1 :5 !y look$ out ^u di/ant seas2 n[1 h[ev]1 h ,i taught y to say1 ,sup]man4 #ih ,c\ld ye conceive a ,god8--,b let ?is mean ,w to ,tru? unto y1 t ev]y?+ be trans=m$ into ! humanly conceivable1 ! humanly visible1 ! humanly s5sible6 ,y\r own disc]nm5t %all ye foll[ out to ! end6 #ii ,creat+--t is ! great salvation f suff]+1 & life's alleviation4 ,b = ! creator to appe>1 suff]+ itself is ne$$1 & mu* trans=mation4 #ajj ,:at w\ld !re be to create if !re 7--8 ,gods6 #aja ,man himself is to ! disc]n+ "o3 ! animal ) r$ *eeks4 #ajb ,v]ily1 ,i l !m n1 ! m]ciful ones1 ^: bliss is 9 _! pity3 too de/itute are !y ( ba%fulness4 ,if ,i mu/ be pitiful1 ,i dislike to be call$ s2 & if ,i be s1 x is pref]ably at a di/ance4 #ajb ,s9ce humanity came into be+1 man ha? enjoy$ himself too little3 t alone1 my bre?r51 is our orig9al s96 #ajc ,great obligations d n make grateful1 b rev5geful2 & :5 a small k9dness is n =gott51 x become? a gnaw+ worm4 #ajc ,! /+ ( consci5ce tea*e? "o to /+4 #ajc ,ah1 :]e 9 ! _w h !re be5 great] follies ?an ) ! pitiful8 ,& :at 9 ! _w ha? caus$ m suff]+ ?an ! follies ( ! pitiful8 ,woe unto all lov+ ones :o h n an elevation :i* is above _! pity6 ,?us spake ! devil unto me1 once a "t3 ,ev5 ,god ha? 8 hell3 x is 8 love = man4 #aje ,all great love is above all its pity3 = x seeke?--to create :at is lov$6 ,myself d ,i (f] unto my love1 & my neighb\r z myself--su* is ! language ( all creators4 #aje ,"h are prie/s3 b al?\gh !y are m9e enemies1 pass !m quietly & ) sleep+ swords6 ,ev5 among !m !re are h]oes2 _m ( !m h suff]$ too mu*3--s !y want to make o!rs suff]4 ,bad enemies are !y3 no?+ is m rev5geful ?an _! meekness4 #ajf ,:5 a p]son goe? ?r\gh fire = 8 tea*+--:at do? t prove6 ,x is m1 v]ily1 :5 out ( "o's own burn+ come? "o's own tea*+6 #ajh ,t y\r v ,self be 9 y\r action1 z ! "m is 9 ! *ild3 let t be y\r =mula ( virtue6 #aab ,life is a well ( delight2 b :]e ! rabble also dr9k1 !re all f\nta9s are poison$4 #aac ,ye :o make ! s\l giddy1 ye prea*]s ( equality6 ,t>antulas are ye unto me1 & secretly rev5geful ones6 #aaf ,ye prea*]s ( equality1 ! tyrant-fr5zy ( impot5ce crie? ?us 9 y = equality3 y\r mo/ secret tyrant-long+s disguise !mselves ?us 9 virtue-words6 ,frett$ conceit & suppress$ envy--p]haps y\r fa!rs' conceit & envy3 9 y break !y =? z flame & fr5zy ( v5geance4 #aag ,di/ru/ all 9 :om ! impulse to puni% is p[]ful6 ,!y are p ( bad race & l9eage2 out ( _! c\nt5ances pe] ! hangman & ! sleu?-h\nd4 ,di/ru/ all ^? :o talk mu* ( _! ju/ice6 ,v]ily1 9 _! s\ls n only honey is lack+4 ,& :5 !y call !mselves ! good & j1 =get n1 t = !m to be ,ph>isees1 no?+ is lack+ b--p[]6 #aah ,) ^! prea*]s ( equality w ,i n be mix$ up & conf\nd$4 ,= ?us speake? ju/ice unto me3 ,m5 are n equal4 ,& nei!r %all !y become s6 #aah ,good & evil1 & ri* & poor1 & high & l[1 & all names ( values3 weapons %all !y be1 & s\nd+ signs1 t life mu/ aga9 & aga9 surpass itself6 #aai ,/eadfa/ & beautiful1 let u also be enemies1 my fri5ds ,i ,div9ely w we /rive aga9/ "o ano!r6 #abj ,hungry1 fi]ce1 lonesome1 ,god-=sak53 s do? ! lion-w wi% itself4 ,free f ! happ9ess ( slaves1 r$eem$ f ,deities & adorations1 fe>less & fe>-inspir+1 gr& & lonesome3 s is ! w ( ! consci5ti\s4 #abb ,:]ev] ,i f\nd a liv+ ?+1 !re f\nd ,i ,w to ,p[]2 & ev5 9 ! w ( ! s]vant f\nd ,i ! w to be ma/]4 ,t to ! /rong] ! weak] %all s]ve--!reto p]suade? he 8 w :o w\ld be ma/] ov] a /ill weak] "o4 ,t delight alone he is unwill+ to =ego4 ,& z ! less] surr5d]e? himself to ! great] t he may h delight & p[] ov] ! lea/ ( all1 s do? ev5 ! greate/ surr5d] himself1 & /ake?--life1 = ! sake ( p[]4 ,x is ! surr5d] ( ! greate/ to run risk & dang]1 & play dice = dea?4 #acf ,good & evil :i* w\ld be ev]la/+--x do? n exi/6 ,( its own accord mu/ x ev] surpass itself anew4 #acg ,he :o ha? to be a creator 9 good & evil--v]ily1 he ha? fir/ to be a de/roy]1 & break values 9 pieces4 #ach ,ye tell me1 fri5ds1 t !re is to be no dispute ab\t ta/e & ta/+8 ,b all life is a dispute ab\t ta/e & ta/+4 ,ta/e3 t is weight at ! same "t1 & scales & weigh]2 & alas = e liv+ ?+ t w\ld live )\t dispute ab\t weight & scales & weigh]6 #aci ,ali5 to me1 & a mock]y1 are ! pres5t-day m51 to :om ( late my he>t impell$ me2 & exil$ am ,i f fa!rl&s & mo!rl&s4 ,?us d ,i love only my *ildr5's l&1 ! undiscov]$ 9 ! remote/ sea3 = x d ,i bid my sails se>* & se>*4 ,unto my *ildr5 w ,i make am5ds = be+ ! *ild ( my fa!rs3 & unto all ! future--= ?is pres5t-day6 #ade ,:]e is innoc5ce8 ,:]e !re is w to procreation4 ,& he :o seeke? to create beyond himself1 ha? = me ! pure/ w4 ,:]e is beauty8 ,:]e ,i mu/ w ) my :ole ,w2 :]e ,i w love & p]i%1 t an image may n rema9 m]ely an image4 ,lov+ & p]i%+3 ^! h rhym$ f et]nity4 ,w to love3 t is to be ready also = dea?4 #adg ,d>e only to believe 9 y\rselves--9 y\rselves & 9 y\r inw>d p>ts6 ,he :o do? n believe 9 himself always lie?4 #adg ,all ,gods are poets-symbolisations1 poet-sophi/ications6 #aec ,fre$om ye all ro> mo/ eag]ly3 b ,i h unle>n$ ! belief 9 great ev5ts1 :5 !re is mu* ro>+ & smoke ab\t !m4 ,& believe me1 fri5d ,hollaballoo6 ,! greate/ ev5ts--are n our noisie/1 b our /ille/ h\rs4 ,n ar\nd ! inv5tors ( new noise1 b ar\nd ! inv5tors ( new values1 do? ! _w revolve3 inaudibly x revolve?4 #aeh ,to r$eem :at is pa/1 & to trans=m e ,x 0 into ,?us w\ld h x6--t only d ,i call r$emption6 #afh ,! _s ( rev5ge3 my fri5ds1 t ha? hi!rto be5 man's be/ contemplation2 & :]e !re 0 suff]+1 x 0 claim$ !re 0 always p5alty4 ,p5alty1 s calle? itself rev5ge4 ,) a ly+ ^w x feigne? a good consci5ce4 #afi ,?is is my fir/ manly prud5ce1 t ,i all[ myself to be deceiv$1 s z n to be on my gu>d aga9/ deceiv]s4 #agb ,he :o w\ld n langui% among/ m51 mu/ le>n to dr9k out ( all glasses2 & he :o w\ld keep clean among/ m51 mu/ "k h[ to wa% himself ev5 ) dirty wat]4 #agb ,v]ily1 !re is /ill a future ev5 = evil6 ,& ! w>me/ s\? is /ill undiscov]$ by man4 ,h[ _m ?+s are n[ call$ ! wor/ wick$ness1 :i* are only twelve feet broad & ?ree mon?s long6 ,"s day1 h[ev]1 w great] dragons come into ! _w4 ,= t ! ,sup]man may n lack 8 dragon1 ! sup]dragon t is wor?y ( him1 !re mu/ /ill mu* w>m sun gl[ on moi/ virg9 =e/s6 ,out ( y\r wild cats mu/ tig]s h evolv$1 & out ( y\r poison-toads1 crocodiles3 = ! good hunt] %all h a good hunt6 ,& v]ily1 ye good & j6 ,9 y !re is mu* to be laugh$ at1 & especially y\r fe> ( :at ha? hi!rto be5 call$ ! devil6 ,s ali5 are ye 9 y\r s\ls to :at is great1 t to y ! ,sup]man w\ld be frightful 9 8 goodness6 ,& ye wise & kn[+ ones1 ye w\ld flee f ! sol>-gl[ ( ! wisdom 9 :i* ! ,sup]man joyfully ba!? 8 nak$ness6 ,ye highe/ m5 :o h come )9 my k56 ?is is my d\bt ( y1 & my secret laught]3 ,i suspect ye w\ld call my ,sup]man--a devil6 ,ah1 ,i became tir$ ( ^? highe/ & be/ ones3 f _! height did ,i long to be up1 out1 & away to ! ,sup]man6 ,a horror came ov] me :5 ,i saw ^? be/ ones nak$3 !n !re grew = me ! p9ions to so> away into di/ant futures4 ,into m di/ant futures1 into m s\!rn s\?s ?an ev] arti/ dream$ (3 ?i!r1 :]e ,gods are a%am$ ( all clo!s6 ,b disguis$ d ,i want to see y1 ye neighb\rs & fell[m51 & well-attir$ & va9 & e/imable1 z ! good & j2-- ,& disguis$ w ,i myself sit among/ y--t ,i may mi/ake y & myself3 = t is my la/ manly prud5ce4 #agd-age ,he :o w\ld become a *ild mu/ surm\nt ev5 8 y\?4 #agh ,?\ goe/ ! way to ?y greatness3 "h %all no "o /eal aft] !e6 ,?y foot itself ha? effac$ ! pa? beh9d !e1 & ov] x /&e? writt53 ,impossibility4 #ahd ,f ! gateway1 ,?is ,mom5t1 !re runne? a long et]nal lane backw>ds3 beh9d u lie? an et]nity4 ,mu/ n :atev] c run its c\rse ( all ?+s1 h already run along t lane8 ,mu/ n :atev] c happ5 ( all ?+s h already happ5$1 result$1 & gone by8 ,& if ev]y?+ h already exi/$1 :at ?9ke/ ?\1 dw>f1 ( ,?is ,mom5t8 ,mu/ n ?is gateway also--h already exi/$8 ,& are n all ?+s closely b\nd toge!r 9 su* wise t ,?is ,mom5t drawe? all com+ ?+s aft] x8 ,consequ5tly--itself also8 ,= :atev] c run its c\rse ( all ?+s1 also 9 ?is long lane outw>d--mu/ x once m run6-- ,& ?is sl[ spid] :i* creepe? 9 ! moonlight1 & ?is moonlight itself1 & ?\ & ,i 9 ?is gateway :isp]+ toge!r1 :isp]+ ( et]nal ?+s--mu/ we n all h already exi/$8 #ahf ,& mu/ we n return & run 9 t o!r lane out be=e u1 t long weird lane--mu/ we n et]nally return8 #aij-aia ,all ?+s are baptis$ at ! font ( et]nity1 & beyond good & evil2 good & evil !mselves1 h[ev]1 are b fugitive %ad[s & damp afflictions & pass+ cl\ds4 ,v]ily1 x is a bless+ & n a blasphemy :5 ,i tea* t above all ?+s !re /&e?1 ! heav5 ( *ance1 ! heav5 ( innoc5ce1 ! heav5 ( haz>d1 ! heav5 ( wantonness4 ,( ,haz>d--t is ! olde/ nobility 9 ! _w2 t gave ,i back to all ?+s2 ,i emancipat$ !m f bondage "u purpose4 ,?is fre$om & cele/ial s]5ity did ,i put l an azure bell above all ?+s1 :5 ,i taught t ov] !m & ?r\gh !m1 no et]nal w--wille?4 ,?is wantonness & folly did ,i put 9 place ( t w1 :5 ,i taught t ,9 ev]y?+ !re is "o ?+ impossible--rationality6 #bja ,i pass ?r\gh ?is p & keep m9e eyes op53 !y d n =give me = n envy+ _! virtues4 ,!y bite at me1 because ,i say unto !m t = small p1 small virtues are necess>y--& because x is h>d = me to und]/& t small p are necess>y6 #bjc ,only he :o is man en\gh1 w--save ! woman 9 woman4 #bje ,s mu* k9dness1 s mu* weakness d ,i see4 ,s mu* ju/ice & pity1 s mu* weakness4 ,r\nd1 fair1 & consid]ate are !y to "o ano!r1 z gra9s ( s& are r\nd1 fair1 & consid]ate to gra9s ( s&4 ,mode/ly to embrace a small happ9ess--t d !y call submission6 & at ! same "t !y pe] mode/ly aft] a new small happ9ess4 ,9 _! he>ts !y want simply "o ?+ mo/ ( all3 t no "o hurt !m4 ,?us d !y anticipate e "o's wi%es & d well unto e "o4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is c[>dice1 ?\gh x be call$ virtue4 ,& :5 !y *ance to speak h>%ly1 ^? small p1 !n d ,i he> !re9 only _! ho>s5ess--e draught ( air make? !m ho>se4 ,%rewd inde$ are !y1 _! virtues h %rewd f+]s4 ,b !y lack fi/s3 _! f+]s d n "k h[ to creep beh9d fi/s4 ,virtue = !m is :at make? mode/ & tame3 !re) h !y made ! wolf a dog1 & man himself man's be/ dome/ic animal4 ,we set our *air 9 ! mid/--s sai? _! smirk+ unto me--& z f> f dy+ gladiators z f satisfi$ sw9e4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is--m$iocrity1 ?\gh x be call$ mod]ation4 #bjf ,^? tea*]s ( submission6 ,:]ev] !re is aught puny1 or sickly1 or scabby1 !re d !y creep l lice2 & only my disgu/ prev5te? me f crack+ !m4 #bjg ,too t5d]1 too yield+3 s is y\r soil6 ,b = a tree to become great1 x seeke? to tw9e h>d roots ar\nd h>d rocks6 #bjh ,d ev] :at ye w--b fir/ be su* z c w4 #bjh ,love ev] y\r neighb\r z y\rselves--b fir/ be su* z love !mselves4 #bjh ,out ( love alone %all my contempt & my w>n+ bird take w+2 b n out ( ! swamp6 #baf ,9 indulg+ & pity+ lay ev] my greate/ dang]2 & all human hubbub wi%e? to be indulg$ & tol]at$4 #bbf ,he :o live? among/ ! good--pity tea*e? him to lie4 ,pity make? /ifl+ air = all free s\ls4 ,= ! /upidity ( ! good is unfa?omable4 #bbg ,voluptu\sness3 to free he>ts1 a ?+ innoc5t & free1 ! g>d5-happ9ess ( ! e>?1 all ! future's ?anks ov]fl[ to ! pres5t4 ,voluptu\sness3 only to ! )]$ a sweet poison2 to ! lion-will$1 h[ev]1 ! great cordial1 & ! rev]5tly sav$ w9e ( w9es4 ,voluptu\sness3 ! great symbolic happ9ess ( a high] happ9ess & highe/ hope4 ,= to _m is m>riage promis$1 & m ?an m>riage4 ,to _m t are m unkn[n to ea* o!r ?an man & woman3--& :o ha? fully und]/ood h unkn[n to ea* o!r are man & woman6 ,voluptu\sness3--b ,i w h h$ges ar\nd my ?\ghts1 & ev5 ar\nd my words1 le/ sw9e & lib]t9e %\ld break into my g>d5s6 #bcj ,passion = p[]3 ! e>?quake :i* breake? & upbreake? all t is rott5 & holl[2 ! roll+1 rumbl+1 punitive demoli%] ( :it$ sepul*res2 ! fla%+ int]rogative-sign beside premature answ]s4 ,passion = p[]3 be=e ^: glance man creepe? & cr\*e? & drudge?1 & become? l[] ?an ! s]p5t & ! sw9e3--until at la/ great contempt crie? out ( him1-- ,passion = p[]3 ! t]rible tea*] ( great contempt1 :i* prea*e? to _! face to cities & empires3 ,away ) !e6--until a voice crie? out ( !mselves3 ,away ) me6 ,passion = p[]3 :i*2 h[ev]1 m\nte? allur+ly ev5 to ! pure & lonesome1 & up to self-satisfi$ elevations1 gl[+ l a love t pa9te? purple felicities allur+ly on e>?ly heav5s4 ,passion = p[]3 b :o w\ld call x passion1 :5 ! height longe? to /oop = p[]6 ,v]ily1 no?+ sick or diseas$ is !re 9 su* long+ & desc5d+6 ,t ! lonesome height may n = ev] rema9 lonesome & self-suffic+3 t ! m\nta9s may come to ! valleys & ! w9ds ( ! heights to ! pla9s3 ,oh1 :o c\ld f9d ! "r pr5om5 & hon\r+ "n = su* long+6 ,be/[+ virtue--?us did ,z>a?u/ra once "n ! unnamable4 ,& !n x happ5$ also1--& v]ily1 x happ5$ = ! fir/ "t6--t 8 ^w bless$ selfi%ness1 ! :olesome1 heal?y selfi%ness1 t spr+e? f ! p[]ful s\l3-- ,f ! p[]ful s\l1 to :i* ! high body app]ta9e?1 ! h&some1 triumph+1 refre%+ body1 ar\nd :i* ev]y?+ become? a mirror3 ,! pliant1 p]suasive body1 ! danc]1 ^: symbol & epitome is ! self-enjoy+ s\l4 ,( su* bodies & s\ls ! self-enjoym5t calle? itself virtue4 #bcb ,he :o wi%e? to become light1 & be a bird1 mu/ love himself3--?us d ,i tea*4 ,n1 to be sure1 ) ! love ( ! sick & infect$1 = ) !m /9ke? ev5 self-love6 ,"o mu/ le>n to love oneself--?us d ,i tea*--) a :olesome & heal?y love3 t "o may endure to be ) oneself1 & n g rov+ ab\t4 ,su* rov+ ab\t *ri/5e? itself bro!rly love2 ) ^! words ha? !re hi!rto be5 ! be/ ly+ & dissembl+1 & especially by ^? :o h be5 burd5some to e "o4 ,& v]ily1 x is no comm&m5t = to-day & to-morr[ to le>n to love oneself4 ,r is x ( all arts ! f9e/1 subtle/1 la/ & pati5te/4 #bce ,no "o yet kn[e? :at is good & bad3--unless x be ! creat+ "o6 ,x is he h[ev] create? man's goal1 & give? to ! e>? its mean+ & its future3 he only effecte? x t aught is good & bad4 #bdj ,man is a bridge & n a goal4 #bda ,be n consid]ate ( ?y neighb\r6 ,man is some?+ t mu/ be surpass$4 #bdc ,he :o _c comm& himself %all obey4 ,& _m a "o c comm& himself1 b /ill sorely lacke? self-ob$i5ce6 #bdc ,he :o is ( ! populace wi%e? to live gratuit\sly2 we o!rs1 h[ev]1 to :om life ha? giv5 itself--we are ev] consid]+ :at we c be/ give 9 return6 #bdc ,"o %\ld n wi% to enjoy :]e "o do? n contribute to ! enjoym5t4 ,& "o %\ld n wi% to enjoy6 #bdc ,?\ %alt n rob6 ,?\ %alt n slay6--su* precepts 7 once call$ holy2 be=e !m did "o b[ ! knee & ! head1 & took (f "o's %oes4 ,b ,i ask y3 ,:]e h !re ev] be5 bett] robb]s & slay]s 9 ! _w ?an su* holy precepts8 ,is !re n ev5 9 all life--robb+ & slay+8 ,& = su* precepts to be call$ holy1 0 n tru? itself !reby--sla98 #bdf ,let x n be y\r hon\r h5ce=? :5ce ye come1 b :i!r ye g6 ,y\r ,w & y\r feet :i* seek to surpass y--let ^! be y\r new hon\r6 #bdh ,! be/ %all rule1 ! be/ also wille? to rule6 ,& :]e ! tea*+ is diff]5t1 !re--! be/ is lack+4 #beg ,?us w\ld ,i h man & woman3 fit = w>1 ! "o1 fit = mat]nity1 ! o!r2 bo?1 h[ev]1 fit = danc+ ) head & legs4 ,& lo/ be ! day to u 9 :i* a measure ha? n be5 danc$4 ,& false be e tru? :i* ha? n _h laught] along ) x6 #beg ,! /upidity ( ! good is unfa?omably wise4 ,! good mu/ crucify him :o devise? 8 own virtue6 ,t is ! tru?6 ,! second "o1 h[ev]1 :o discov]$ _! c\ntry--! c\ntry1 he>t & soil ( ! good & j1--x 0 he :o ask$3 ,:om d !y hate mo/8 ,! creator1 hate !y mo/1 him :o breake? ! tables & old values1 ! break]1--him !y call ! law-break]4 ,= ! good--!y _c create2 !y are always ! beg9n+ ( ! end3-- ,!y crucify him :o write? new values on new tables1 !y sacrifice unto !mselves ! future--!y crucify ! :ole human future6 #bfj ,?is new table1 ,o my bre?r51 put ,i up ov] y3 ,become h>d6 #bfb ,ev]y?+ goe?1 ev]y?+ returne?2 et]nally rolle? ! :eel ( exi/5ce4 ,ev]y?+ die?1 ev]y?+ blossome? =? aga92 et]nally runne? on ! ye> ( exi/5ce4 ,ev]y?+ breake?1 ev]y?+ is integrat$ anew2 et]nally builde? itself ! same h\se ( exi/5ce4 ,all ?+s sep>ate1 all ?+s aga9 greet "o ano!r2 et]nally true to itself rema9e? ! r+ ( exi/5ce4 ,e mom5t beg9ne? exi/5ce1 ar\nd e ,"h rolle? ! ball ,!re4 ,! middle is ev]y:]e4 #bff ,= man 8 badde/ is necess>y = 8 be/4 ,t all t is badde/ is ! be/ p[]1 & ! h>de/ /one = ! highe/ creator2 & t man mu/ become bett] & badd]3--#bfg ,! plexus ( causes returne? 9 :i* ,i am int]tw9$1--x w aga9 create me6 ,i myself p]ta9 to ! causes ( ! et]nal return4 ,i come aga9 ) ?is sun1 ) ?is e>?1 ) ?is eagle1 ) ?is s]p5t--n to a new life1 or a bett] life1 or a simil> life3 ,i come aga9 et]nally to ?is id5tical & selfsame life1 9 its greate/ & its smalle/1 to tea* aga9 ! et]nal return ( all ?+s1-- ,to speak aga9 ! ^w ( ! great noontide ( e>? & man1 to ann\nce aga9 to man ! ,sup]man4 #bgj-bga ,ye high] m51--s bl9ke? ! populace--!re are no high] m51 we are all equal2 man is man1 be=e ,god--we are all equal6 ,be=e ,god6--,n[1 h[ev]1 ?is ,god ha? di$4 ,be=e ! populace1 h[ev]1 we w n be equal4 ,ye high] m51 away f ! m>ket-place6 #cea ,h a good di/ru/ to-day1 ye high] m51 ye enhe>t5$ ones6 ,ye op5-he>t$ ones6 ,& keep y\r reasons secret6 ,= ?is to-day is t ( ! populace4 ,:at ! populace once le>n$ to believe )\t reasons1 :o c\ld--refute x to !m by means ( reasons8 ,& on ! m>ket-place "o conv9ce? ) ge/ures4 ,b reasons make ! populace di/ru/ful4 ,& :5 tru? ha? once triumph$ !re1 !n ask y\rselves ) good di/ru/3 ,:at /rong error ha? f\ght = x8 #cee ,unle>n1 ,i pray y1 ?is =1 ye creat+ ones3 y\r v virtue wi%e? y to h naught to d ) = & on acc\nt ( & because4 ,aga9/ ^! false little words %all ye /op y\r e>s4 ,= "o's neighb\r1 is ! virtue only ( ! petty p3 !re x is said l & l & h& wa%e? h&3--!y h nei!r ! "r nor ! p[] = y\r self-seek+6 #cef-ceg ,:at ha? hi!rto be5 ! greate/ s9 "h on e>?8 ,0 x n ! ^w ( him :o said3 ,woe unto !m t laugh n[6 ,did he himself f9d no cause = laught] on ! e>?8 ,!n he s\ght badly4 ,a *ild ev5 f9de? cause = x4 #cei-cfj ,,vi ,! ,et]nal ,recurr5ce ,he foll[+ exc]pts f ,nietzs*e's notes relat+ to et]nal recurr5ce are set d[n "h m]ely z supplem5t>y passages to ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 9 :i* book ?is doctr9e ( ! et]nally recurr+ irrationality ( all ?+s fir/ made its appe>ance4 ,nietzs*e's notations on ?is subject 7 und\bt$ly writt5 9 ! latt] "p ( #ahha1 :5 ! idea ( ,z>a?u/ra fir/ came to him4 ,!y 7 n publi%$1 h[ev]1 until ye>s lat]1 & n[ =m a section ( ,volume ,,xvi ( ,nietzs*e's complete works 9 ,engli%1 along ) ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 ,! ,anti*ri/ & "s explanatory notes on ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra4 ,?is is ! only mat]ial 9 ,nietzs*e's writ+s :i* ,i h n put 9 *ronological ord]1 & my reason = plac+ ^! extracts "h1 & n betwe5 ,! ,dawn ( ,day & ,! ,joyful ,wisdom1 is due to ! fact t aft] conceiv+ ?is doctr9e & mak+ notes p]ta9+ to x1 ,nietzs*e put ! idea aside & wrote ,! ,joyful ,wisdom 9 :i* ?is doctr9e 0 n embodi$4 ,n until ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra appe>$ did he make use ( ?is pr9ciple ( recurr5ce1 & inasmu* z ?is 0 ! fir/ publi%$ /atem5t ( x1 ,i h plac$ t book fir/ & h foll[$ x ) ^! explanatory notes4 ,ano!r section ( ,nietzs*e's works also deals ) et]nal recurr5ce1 namely3 ! la/ "p ( ! second volume ( ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,b "h too we f9d b fragm5t>y jott+s :i* conta9 no mat]ial n f\nd 9 ! pres5t quotations4 ,x is true t ,nietzs*e int5d$ to elaborate ^! notes1 b ev5 _h he done s ,i d\bt if ?is doctr9e w\ld h assum$ a diff]5t aspect f ! "o x at pres5t possesses1 or w\ld h become m closely alli$ ) ! ma9 /ructure ( 8 ?\ght2 =1 ev5 ?\gh x is n fully elucidat$ 9 its pres5t =m1 x at lea/ is complete 9 its conclusions4 ,9 my introduction to ! quotations f ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra 9 ! prec$+ *apt] w be f\nd a /atem5t relat+ to ?is doctr9e1 9 :i* ,i h endeav\r$ to po9t out j :at influ5ce x _h on ,nietzs*e's philosophy1 & to (f] an explanation = its appe>ance 9 8 ?\ght4 ,a read+ ( ! foll[+ notes is n at all necess>y = an und]/&+ ( ! ,nietzs*ean e?ic1 & ,i h plac$ ^! passages "h solely = ! /ud5t to :om e phase ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy is ( int]e/4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,! ,,et]nal ,,recurr5ce ,! ext5t ( univ]sal en]gy is limit$2 x is n inf9ite3 we %\ld bew>e ( su* excesses 9 our concepts6 ,consequ5tly ! numb] ( /ates1 *anges1 comb9ations1 & evolutions ( ?is en]gy1 al?\gh x may be enorm\s & practically incalculable1 is at any rate def9ite & n unlimit$4 ,! "t1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ?is univ]sal en]gy works its *anges is inf9ite--t is to say1 en]gy rema9s et]nally ! same & is et]nally active3--at ?is mom5t an inf9ity has already elaps$1 t is to say1 e possible evolution mu/ already h tak5 place4 ,consequ5tly ! pres5t process ( evolution mu/ be a repetition1 z 0 also ! "o be=e x1 z w also be ! "o :i* w foll[4 ,& s on =w>ds & backw>ds6 ,inasmu* z ! entire /ate ( all =ces cont9ually returns1 ev]y?+ has exi/$ an inf9ite numb] ( times4 #bcg ,en]gy rema9s con/ant & does n require to be inf9ite4 ,x is et]nally active b x is no long] able et]nally to create new =ms1 x mu/ repeat itself3 t is my conclusion4 #bch ,! en]gy ( ! univ]se c only h a giv5 numb] ( possible qualities4 #bch ,! assumption t ! univ]se is an organism contradicts ! v ess5ce ( ! organic4 #bci ,we are =c$ to conclude3 7#a7 ei!r t ! univ]se began its activity at a giv5 mom5t ( "t & w end 9 a simil> fa%ion1--b ! beg9n+ ( activity is absurd2 if a /ate ( equilibrium _h be5 rea*$ x3 w\ld h p]si/$ to all et]nity2 7#b7 or !re is no su* ?+ z an endless numb] ( !m :i* cont9ually recurs3 activity is et]nal1 ! numb] ( ! products & /ates ( en]gy is limit$4 #bci ,! la/ physical /ate ( en]gy :i* we c imag9e mu/ necess>ily be ! fir/ also4 ,! absorption ( en]gy 9 lat5t en]gy mu/ be ! cause ( ! production ( ! mo/ vital en]gy4 ,= a highly positive /ate mu/ foll[ a negative /ate4 ,space l matt] is a subjective =m1 "t is n4 ,! notion ( space fir/ arose f ! assumption t space c\ld be empty4 ,b !re is no su* ?+ z empty space4 ,ev]y?+ is en]gy4 #bdj ,any?+ l a /atic /ate ( en]gy 9 g5]al is impossible4 ,if /ability 7 possible x w\ld already h be5 rea*$4 #bda ,physics supposes t en]gy may be divid$ up3 b e "o ( its possibilities mu/ fir/ be adju/$ to reality4 ,!re c !re=e be no "q ( divid+ en]gy into equal p>ts2 9 e "o ( its /ates x manife/s a c]ta9 quality1 & qualities _c be subdivid$3 h5ce a /ate ( equilibrium 9 en]gy is impossible4 #bda ,if equilibrium 7 possible x w\ld already h be5 rea*$4--,& if ?is mom5t>y /ate has already exi/$ !n t :i* bore x & ! previ\s "o also w\ld likewise h exi/$ & s on backw>ds1--& f ?is x foll[s t x has already exi/$ n only twice b ?ree times1--j z x w exi/ aga9 n only twice b ?ree times1--9 fact an inf9ite numb] ( times backw>ds & =w>ds4 ,t is to say1 ! :ole process ( ,becom+ consi/s ( a repetition ( a def9ite numb] ( precisely simil> /ates4 #bdb ,imag9ic matt]1 ev5 ?\gh 9 mo/ cases x may once h be5 organic1 c h /or$ up no exp]i5ce z x is always )\t a pa/6 ,if ! rev]se 7 ! case a repetition w\ld be impossible--= !n matt] w\ld = ev] be produc+ new qualities ) new pa/s4 #bdg ,let u gu>d aga9/ believ+ t ! univ]se has a t5d5cy to atta9 to c]ta9 =ms1 or t x aims at becom+ m beautiful1 m p]fect1 m complicat$6 ,all t is an?ropomorphism6 #bdh ,our :ole _w consi/s ( ! a%es ( an incalculable numb] ( liv+ creatures3 & ev5 if liv+ matt] is ev] s little comp>$ ) ! :ole1 ev]y?+ has already be5 trans=m$ into life once be=e & ?us ! process goes on4 ,if we grant et]nal "t we mu/ assume ! et]nal *ange ( matt]4 #bdi ,! _w ( en]gy suff]s no dim9ution3 o!rwise ) et]nal "t x w\ld h gr[n weak & f9ally h p]i%$ altoge!r4 ,! _w ( en]gy suff]s no /ation>y /ate1 o!rwise ?is w\ld already h be5 rea*$1 & ! clock ( ! univ]se w\ld be at a /&/ill4 ,! _w ( en]gy does n !re=e rea* a /ate ( equilibrium2 = no in/ant 9 its c>e] has x _h re/2 its en]gy & its movem5t h be5 ! same = all "t4 ,:atev] /ate ?is _w c\ld h rea*$ mu/ ere n[ h be5 atta9$1 & n only once b an incalculable numb] ( times4 #bdi ,my doctr9e is3 ,live s t ?\ maye/ desire to live aga91--t is ?y duty1--= 9 any case ?\ wilt live aga96 ,he unto :om /riv+ is ! greate/ happ9ess1 let him /rive2 he unto :om peace is ! greate/ happ9ess1 let him re/2 he unto :om subord9ation1 foll[+1 ob$i5ce1 is ! greate/ happ9ess1 let him obey4 #bea ,! mightie/ ( all ?\ghts absorbs a good deal1 ( en]gy :i* =m]ly /ood at ! disposal ( o!r aspirations1 & 9 ?is way x ex]cises a modify+ influ5ce2 x creates new laws ( motion 9 en]gy1 ?\gh no new en]gy4 #beb ,ye fancy t ye w h a long re/ ere y\r second bir? takes place1--b d n deceive y\rselves6 ',twixt y\r la/ mom5t ( consci\sness & ! fir/ ray ( ! dawn ( y\r new life no "t w elapse1--z a fla% ( lightn+ w ! space g by1 ev5 ?\gh liv+ creatures ?9k x is millions ( ye>s4444 #bec ,are ye n[ prep>$8 ,ye mu/ h exp]i5c$ e =m ( scepticism & ye mu/ h wall[$ ) voluptu\sness 9 ice-cold ba?s1--o!rwise ye h no "r to ?is ?\ght2 ,i wi% to protect myself aga9/ ^? :o gu% ov] any?+6 ,i w\ld def5d my doctr9e 9 advance4 ,x mu/ be ! religion ( ! free/1 mo/ *e]ful & mo/ sublime s\ls1 a delightful pa/urel& some:]e betwe5 gold5 ice & a pure heav56 #bef ,,vii ,beyond ,good & ,evil ,d\ble purpose animat$ ,nietzs*e 9 8 writ+ ( ,beyond ,good & ,evil 7,j5seits von ,gut und ,bse74 ,x is at once an explanation & an elucidation ( ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 & a prep>atory book = 8 greate/ & mo/ important "w1 ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,9 x ,nietzs*e attempts to def9e ! relative t]ms ( good & evil1 & to draw a l9e ( di/9ction betwe5 immorality & unmorality4 ,he saw ! inconsi/5cies evolv$ 9 ! attempt to h>monise an anci5t moral code ) ! ne$s ( mod]n life1 & recognis$ ! compromises :i* 7 con/antly be+ made betwe5 moral !ory & social practice4 ,8 object 0 to e/abli% a relation%ip betwe5 morality & necessity1 & to =mulate a workable basis = human conduct4 ,consequ5tly ,beyond ,good & ,evil is "o ( 8 mo/ important contributions to a new sy/em ( e?ics1 & t\*es on _m ( ! deepe/ pr9ciples ( 8 philosophy4 ,z x /&s1 x is by no means a complete expression ( ,nietzs*e's doctr9es1 b x is suffici5tly pr(\nd & sugge/ive to be ( valuable s]vice 9 an und]/&+ ( 8 lat] works4 ,! book 0 begun 9 ! summ] ( #ahhe & f9i%$ ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,aga9 !re 0 difficulty ) publi%]s1 & f9ally ! book 0 issu$ at ! au?or's own exp5se 9 ! autumn ( #ahhf4 ,nietzs*e op5s ,beyond ,good & ,evil ) a long *apt] head$ ,prejudices ( ,philosoph]s1 9 :i* he outl9es ! c\rse to be tak5 by 8 dialectic4 ,! exposition is accompli%$ by two me?ods3 fir/1 by an analysis & a refutation ( ! sy/ems ( ?9k+ made use ( by antec$5t doctr9aires1 & secondly1 by def9+ ! hypo!ses on :i* 8 own philosophy is built4 ,?is *apt] is a mo/ important "o1 sett+ =?1 z x does1 ! rationale ( 8 doctr9e ( ! w to p[]4 ,x has be5 impossible to make extracts ( any unifi$ sequ5ce f ?is *apt] because ( its intricate & compact reason+1 & ! /ud5t w\ld d well to read x 9 its entirety4 ,x e/abli%es ,nietzs*e's philosophic position & pres5ts a closely knit explanation ( ! c\rse pursu$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,! relativity ( all tru?--! hypo!sis s (t5 assum$ 9 8 previ\s "w--,nietzs*e "h def5ds by analogy & argum5t4 ,us+ o!r lead+ =ms ( philosophy z a gr\nd = exploration1 he que/ions ! absolutism ( tru? & %[s :]e9 lies ! difficulty ( a f9al def9ition4 ,"h we become consci\s ( t pla/icity ( m9d :i* 0 ! dom9at+ quality ( 8 ?9k+4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 t =m ( pla/icity :i* on inspection resolves itself into amorphic & un/able reason+1 b a logical1 almo/ sci5tific1 me?od ( valu+4 ,! m]curial habits ( ! metaphysicians :o d5y absolutism are n[h]e disc]nible 9 ,nietzs*e's ?\ght4 ,8 m9d is def9ite )\t be+ /atic4 ,! basis ( 8 argum5tation is :at "o might call float+4 ,x rises & falls ) ! human tide ( causation2 yet ! /ructure built ^u x rema9s at all times upright & un*ang$4 ,nietzs*e po9ts out t ! num]\s logical conclusions ( philosoph]s h be5 = ! mo/ "p a priori propositions1 ! results ( prejudices or desires1 & t ! syllogi/ic /ructures re>$ to !m came z explanations & def5ces1 r ?an z dialectic preambles4 ,9 _! adopt+ a hypo!tical tru? z a premise1 he sees only ! advocacy = a po9t ( view1 argu+ t 9 ord] to erect a sy/em ( logic ! initial !sis mu/ be prov$4 ,!re=e he que/ions ! fundam5tal wor? ( c]ta9ty z oppos$ to unc]ta9ty1 & ( tru? z oppos$ to falsity1 ?us /rik+ at ! v f\ndations re>$ by ^? philosoph]s :o h assum$1 )\t sub/antiation1 t only c]ta9ty & tru? are valuable4 ,nietzs*e calls ^! absoluti/s a/ute def5d]s ( prejudices1 & *>act]ises ! v]bali/ic pre/idigitation ( ,kant z a highly develop$ =m ( prejudice-def5d+4 ,sp9oza1 ) 8 ma!matical sy/em ( reason+1 likewise falls 9 ! category ( ^? ?9k]s :o fir/ assume conclusions & !n prep>e explanations = !m by a process ( inv]t$ reason+4 ,nietzs*e proce$s to pose ! in/9ctive functions aga9/ consci\s ?9k+4 ,he ass]ts t ! *annels tak5 by ?\ght are def9$ by ! ?9k]'s nature1 & t ev5 logic is influ5c$ by physiological consid]ations4 ,! :ole fabric ( philosophic ?\ght is held up to ! light ( imm$iate necessity4 ,go+ fur!r1 he inquires into ! impulse to k4 ,he f9ds t a specific purpose has always be5 ! actuat+ =ce ( any philosophy1 & t consequ5tly philosophy1 ev5 9 its mo/ ab/ract =m1 has _h a residuum ( autobiography 9 x4 ,9 f9e1 t philosophy1 f> f be+ a se>*1 has be5 an aim t[>d a def9ite preconceiv$ result4 ,! moral or e?ical impulse1 be+ always imp]i\s1 has n infrequ5tly result$ 9 philosophis+1 & 9 all su* cases k has be5 us$ z an in/rum5t4 ,?us k :i* l$ to a philosophical conclusion has be5 ! outgr[? ( a p]sonal in/9ct4 ,9 ^? cases :]e an imp]sonal impulse to k may h exi/$1 x has l$1 n into philosophical *annels1 b into practical & (t5 comm]cial activities4 ,! s*ol> has ev] rema9$ p]sonal 9 8 que/ = philosophical =mulas4 ,9 ,kant's ,table ( ,categories1 :]e9 t philosoph] claim$ to h f\nd ! faculty ( syn!tic judgm5t a priori1 ,nietzs*e f9ds only a circle ( reason+ :i* beg9s & ends 9 p]sonal in/9ct4 ,& 9 ,kant's discov]y ( a new moral faculty1 ,nietzs*e sees only sophi/ical inv5tion1 & acc\nts = its widespread acceptance by ! moral /ate ( ! ,g]mans at t p]iod4 ,ignor+ ! possibility ( syn!tic judgm5ts a priori1 ,nietzs*e advances ! qu]y z to _! necessity1 & lays /ress on ! impracticability ( tru? )\t belief4 ,! inh]5t falsity or tru? ( a proposition has no be>+ on philosophical doctr9es s long z a contr>y belief is pres5t1 a belief su* z we ex]t t[>d ! illusions ( ! _w ( reality :5 we make practical use ( t _w's p]spective4 ,! s*emes ( p]sonal philosophy1 su*1 = in/ance1 z we f9d 9 ,s*op5hau]1 are dealt ) by ,nietzs*e 9 a s+le p>agraph3 ,:5 ,i analyse ! process t is express$ 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',i ?9k1' ,i f9d a :ole s]ies ( d>+ ass]tions1 ! argum5tative pro( ( :i* w\ld be difficult1 p]haps impossible3 = in/ance1 t x is ,i :o ?9k1 t !re mu/ necess>ily be some?+ t ?9ks1 t ?9k+ is an activity & op]ation on ! "p ( a be+ :o is ?\ght ( z a cause1 t !re is an 'ego1' & f9ally1 t x is already det]m9$ :at is to be designat$ by ?9k+--t ,i "k :at ?9k+ is4 ,= if ,i _h n already decid$ )9 myself :at x is1 by :at /&>d c\ld ,i det]m9e :e!r t :i* is j happ5+ is n p]haps 'will+' or 'feel+'8 ,9 %ort1 ! ass]tion ',i ?9k1' assumes t ,i comp>e my /ate at ! pres5t mom5t ) o!r /ates ( myself :i* ,i "k1 9 ord] to det]m9e :at x is3 on acc\nt ( ?is retrospective connection ) fur!r 'k1' x has at any rate no imm$iate c]ta9ty = me4 ,?us ! smug mat]iali/ic philosoph] f9ds himself necessitat$ to fall back on purely metaphysical explanations = answ]s to ! que/ions aris+ out ( 8 def9ition ( tru?4 ,locke falls "u a critical survey 9 ?is *apt]4 ,9 answ] to ?is ?9k]'s !ory reg>d+ ! orig9 ( ideas1 ,nietzs*e names ! great cycles ( philosophical sy/ems & calls att5tion to ! simil>ity ( processes 9 su* cycles4 ,fur!rmore1 he %[s t ! f\ndations ( all previ\s philosophies are discov]able 9 ! new /yles ( contemporane\s ?\ght4 ,& 9 ^? national s*ools ( philosophy conceiv$ 9 languages :i* /em f ! same orig91 he f9ds an und5iable resemblance4 ,all ( :i* leads to a conclusion incompatible ) ,locke's !ory4 ,nietzs*e attacks ! conclusions ( ! physici/s1 d5y+ !m any place 9 philosophy because _! rese>* consi/s solely 9 int]pretations ( natural laws 9 accordance ) _! own prejudices & beliefs4 ,! !ories :i* might be d$uc$ f natural ph5om5a are n discov]able 9 _! doctr9es2 _! activities h consi/$ 9 twi/+ natural ev5ts to suit preconceiv$ valuations4 ,f9ally ,nietzs*e inquires into ! habits & practices ( psy*ologi/s4 ,n ev5 among ^! work]s does he f9d a basis = philosophy4 ,psy*ology1 he argues1 has be5 guid$1 n by a deta*$ & l(ty desire to asc]ta9 tru? 9 its relation to ! human m9d1 b by prejudices & fe>s gr\nd$ 9 moral consid]ations4 ,he f9ds a con/ant desire on ! "p ( exp]im5t]s to acc\nt = good impulses z di/+ui%$ f bad ones4 ,& 9 ?is desire lies ! sup]impos+ ( moral prejudices on a sci5ce :i*1 m ?an all o!rs1 deals ) problems f>!/ remov$ f moral influ5ces4 ,^! prejudices 9 psy*ology1 z well z 9 all bran*es ( philosophy1 are ! ob/acles :i* /& 9 ! way ( any deep p5etration into ! motives b5ea? human conduct4 ,nietzs*e1 9 8 analyses & criticisms1 is n solely de/ructive3 he is subt]rane\sly con/ruct+ 8 own philosophical sy/em f\nd$ on ! w to p[]4 ,?is phrase is us$ _m times 9 ! c>eful rese>* ( ! fir/ *apt]4 ,z ! book proce$s1 ?is doctr9e develops4 ,nietzs*e's be/ def9ition ( :at he calls ! free _s1 namely3 ! ?9k+ man1 ! intellectual ari/ocrat1 ! philosoph] & rul]1 is conta9$ 9 ! tw5ty-six pages ( ! second *apt] ( ,beyond ,good & ,evil4 ,9 a s]ies ( p>agraphs--long] ?an is ,nietzs*e's wont--! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ?is sup]ior man are describ$4 ,! free _s1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be confus$ ) ! sup]man4 ,! =m] is ! bridge :i* ! pres5t-day man mu/ cross 9 ! process ( surpass+ himself4 ,9 ! del9eation & analysis ( him1 z pres5t$ to u "h1 we c glimpse 8 mo/ sali5t m5tal features4 ,h]et(ore1 z 9 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 he has be5 b p>tially & provisionally def9$4 ,n[ 8 in/9cts & desires1 8 habits & activities are outl9$4 ,fur!rmore1 we are giv5 an explanation ( 8 relation to ! inf]ior man & to ! organisms ( 8 environm5t4 ,! *apt] is an important "o1 = at _m po9ts x is a subtle elucidation ( _m ( ,nietzs*e's dom9ant philosophic pr9ciples4 ,by inf]5ce1 ! diff]5ces ( class di/9ction are /rictly drawn4 ,! slave-morality 7sklavmoral7 & ! ma/]-morality 7h]r5moral71 ?\gh z yet undef9$1 are balanc$ aga9/ ea* o!r2 & ! deportm5tal /&>ds ( ! ma/]s & slaves are def9$ by way ( diff]5tiat+ betwe5 ^! two oppos+ human factions4 ,:ile ! s]v+ class is con/antly manife/+ its ne$ ( a guid+ dogma1 ! rul+ class is con/antly approa*+ ! /ate :]e9 ! arbitr>y moral m&ates are d5i$4 ,nietzs*e sees a new ord] ( philosoph]s appe>+--m5 :o w /& beyond good & evil1 :o w be n only free spirits1 b some?+ m1 high]1 great]1 & fundam5tally diff]5t4 ,9 describ+ ^! m5 ( ! future1 ( :i* ! pres5t free m5 are ! h]alds & =]unn]s1 ,nietzs*e e/abli%es an individuali/ic ideal :i* he develops fully 9 lat] *apt]s4 ,a ke5 & f>-rea*+ analysis ( ! v>i\s aspects assum$ by religi\s fai? con/itutes a ?ird section ( ,beyond ,good & ,evil4 ,?\gh t\*+ ^u v>i\s influ5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 ?is section is m g5]al 9 its religi\s scope ?an ev5 ,! ,anti*ri/1 _m indications ( :i* are to be f\nd "h4 ,?is *apt] has to d ) ! num]\s inn] exp]i5ces ( man1 :i* are directly or indirectly attributable to religi\s doctr9es4 ,! orig9 ( ! in/9ct = fai? itself is s\ght1 & ! results ( ?is fai? are balanc$ aga9/ ! ne$s ( ! individuals & ( ! race4 ,! relation betwe5 religi\s ec/asy & s5suality2 ! attempt on ! "p ( religi\s practition]s to arrive at a negation ( ! w2 ! transition f religi\s gratitude to fe>2 ! psy*ology at ! bottom ( sa9t-wor%ip2--to problems su* z ^! ,nietzs*e devotes 8 en]gies 9 8 inquiry ( ! religi\s mood4 ,! geographical consid]ations :i* ent] into ! "* & int5sity ( religi\s fai? =m an important basis = /udy2 & ! diff]5ces betwe5 ,comte's sociology & ,sa9te-,beuve's anti-,jesuit utt]ances are expla9$ f a /&po9t ( national influ5ces4 ,nietzs*e exam9es ! _m phases ( a!ism & ! pr9cipal anti-,*ri/ian t5d5cies ( all philosophy s9ce ,desc>tes4 ,!re is an illum9at+ exposition ( ! important /ages 9 religi\s cruelty & ( ! motives und]ly+ ! v>i\s =ms ( religi\s sacrifices4 ,aga9 we run ^u ! doctr9e ( et]nal recurr5ce1 b "h1 z else:]e1 x may be reg>d$1 n z a basic elem5t 9 ,nietzs*e's philosophical s*eme1 b z a by-product ( 8 ?\ght4 ,nietzs*e emphasises ! necessity ( idl5ess 9 all religi\s lives1 & %[s h[ ! adh]5ce to ! religi\s mood works aga9/ ! activities1 bo? ( m9d & ( body1 :i* make = ! highe/ effici5cy4 ,a v important phase ( ,nietzs*e's tea*+ is conta9$ 9 ?is criticism ( ! religi\s life4 ,! detractors ( ! ,nietzs*ean doctr9e1 almo/ )\t exception1 base _! judgm5ts on ! assumption t ! univ]sal acceptation ( 8 !ories w\ld result 9 social *aos4 ,z ,i h po9t$ out be=e1 ,nietzs*e desir$ no su* g5]al adoption ( 8 beliefs4 ,9 8 bitt]e/ diatribes aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 8 object 0 n to %ake ! fai? ( ! great majority ( mank9d 9 _! idols4 ,he s\ght m]ely to free ! /rong m5 f ! re/rictions ( a religion :i* fitt$ ! ne$s ( only ! weak] memb]s ( society4 ,he nei!r hop$ nor desir$ to wean ! mass ( humanity f ,*ri/ianity or any simil> dogmatic com=t4 ,on ! contr>y1 he d5\nc$ ^? sup]ficial a!i/s :o endeav\r$ to weak5 ! f\ndations ( religion4 ,he saw ! positive necessity ( su* religions z a basis = 8 slave morality1 & 9 ! pres5t *apt] he exhorts ! rul]s to pres]ve ! religi\s fai? ( ! s]v+ classes1 & to use x z a means ( gov]nm5t--z an in/rum5t 9 ! "w ( discipl9+ & educat+4 ,9 p>agraph #fa he says3 ,! select+ & discipl9+ influ5ce--de/ructive z well z creative & fa%ion+--:i* c be ex]cis$ by means ( religion is manifold & v>i$1 accord+ to ! sort ( p plac$ "u its spell & protection4 ,n only is ?is an expression ( ! utilit>ian value ( religi\s =mulas1 b a def9ite voic+ ( "o ( ! ma9 factors 9 8 philosophy4 ,8 entire sy/em ( e?ics is built on ! complete dissev]ance ( ! dom9at+ class & ! s]v+ class2 & 8 doctr9e ( beyond good & evil %\ld be consid]$ only z x p]ta9s to ! sup]ior man4 ,to apply x to all classes w\ld be to r$uce ,nietzs*e's :ole sy/em ( e?ics to impracticability1 & !re=e to an absurdity4 ,pass+ f a consid]ation ( ! religi\s mood1 ,nietzs*e ent]s a broad] sph]e ( e?ical rese>*1 & endeav\rs to trace ! hi/ory & developm5t ( morals4 ,he accuses ! philosoph]s ( hav+ avoid$ ! real problem ( morality1 namely3 ! te/+ ( ! fai? & motives :i* lie b5ea? moral beliefs4 ,?is is ! task he sets = himself1 & 9 8 *apt]1 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,morals1 he makes an exam9ation ( moral orig9s--an exam9ation :i* is ext5d$ into an exhau/ive treatise 9 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals4 ,h[ev]1 8 dissection "h is c>ri$ out on a broad] & f> m g5]al scale ?an 9 8 previ\s books1 su* z ,human1 ,all-,too-,human & ,! ,dawn ( ,day4 ,h]et(ore he _h conf9$ himself to codes & sy/ems1 to acts ( morality & immorality1 to judgm5ts ( conducts4 ,9 ,beyond ,good & ,evil he treats ( moral prejudices z =ces work+ h& 9 h& ) human progress4 ,9 addition1 !re is a def9ite attitude ( con/ructive ?9k+ "h :i* is abs5t f 8 e>li] "w4 ,he outl9es ! c\rse to be tak5 by ! m5 ( ! future1 & po9ts to ! results :i* h accru$ f ! moralities ( mod]n nations4 ,he (f]s ! w to p[] 9 place ( ! old] w to belief1 & *>act]ises ! f\ndations ( acceptance = all moral codes z fictions & premature hypo!ses4 ,he def9es ! racial ideals :i* h gr[n up out ( moral influ5ces1 &1 apply+ !m to ! ne$s ( ! pres5t day1 f9ds !m inadequate & dang]\s4 ,! conclusion to :i* 8 obs]vations & analyses po9t is t1 unless ! rul]s ( ! race take a /& beyond ! outpo/s ( good & evil & gov]n on a basis ( exp$i5cy divorc$ f all moral influ5ces1 ! individual is 9 con/ant dang] ( be+ l[]$ to ! level ( ! greg>i\s consci5ce4 ,9 ! *apt]1 ,we ,s*ol>s1 ,nietzs*e cont9ues 8 def9ition ( ! philosoph]1 :om he holds to be ! highe/ type ( man4 ,besides be+ a m]e description ( ! intellectual traits ( ?is free _s1 ! *apt] is also an exposition ( ! %ortcom+s ( ^? mod]n m5 :o pose z philosoph]s4 ,9 ! pa? ( ^! new ?9k]s ,nietzs*e sees _m difficulties bo? f )9 & f )\t1 & po9ts out me?ods :]eby ^! ob/acles may be ov]come4 ,also ! man ( sci5ce & ! man ( g5ius are analyz$ & weigh$ z to _! relative importance 9 ! community4 ,9 fact1 we h "h ,nietzs*e's mo/ concise & complete def9ition ( ! individuals ^u :om re/s ! burd5 ( progress4 ,^! valuations ( ! intellectual lead]s are important to ! /ud5t1 = by "o's und]/&+ !m1 along ) ! reasons = su* valuations1 a compreh5sion ( ! ensu+ volumes is facilitat$4 ,nietzs*e h]eby e/abli%es ! qualities ( ^? entitl$ to ! ma/]-morality code2 &1 by ?us draw+ ! l9e ( dem>cation 9 humanity1 he def9es at ! same "t t class ^: con/itutions & pr$ispositions dem& ! slave-morality4 ,9 addition1 he affixes1 accord+ to 8 philosophical =mula1 a scale ( values to su* m5tal attributes z objectivity1 p[] to w1 scepticism1 positivity & con/ra9t4 ,important mat]ial t\*+ on _m ( ! fundam5tal po9ts ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy is embodi$ 9 ! *apt] entitl$ ,our ,virtues4 ,! m g5]al inquiries into conduct & ! rese>* along ! broad] l9es ( e?ics are supplant$ by inquiries into specific moral attributes4 ,! curr5t virtues are que/ion$1 & _! hi/orical significance is det]m9$4 ,! value ( su* virtues is te/$ 9 _! relation to diff]5t types ( m54 ,sacrifice1 sympa?y1 bro!rly love1 s]vice1 loyalty1 altruism & simil> ideals ( conduct are exam9$1 & ! results ( su* virtues are %[n to be incompatible ) ! dem&s ( mod]n social int]c\rse4 ,nietzs*e poses aga9/ ^! virtues ! /]n] & m rigid =ms ( conduct1 po9t+ out :]e9 !y meet ) ! pres5t requirem5ts ( human progress4 ,! *apt] is a prep>ation = 8 e/abli%m5t ( a new morality & also an explanation ( ! dual e?ical code :i* is "o ( ! ma9 pill>s 9 8 philosophical /ructure4 ,be=e pres5t+ 8 precept ( a dual morality1 ,nietzs*e endeav\rs to det]m9e woman's place 9 ! political & social s*eme1 & po9ts out ! necessity1 n only ( individual fem99e function+1 b ( ! pres]vation ( a di/9ct pol>ity 9 sexual relation%ip4 ,9 ! f9al *apt] _m ( ,nietzs*e's philosophical ideas take def9ite %ape4 ,! doctr9e ( slave-morality & ma/]-morality1 prep>$ = & p>tially def9$ 9 prec$+ *apt]s1 is "h directly set =?1 & ^? virtues & attitudes :i* con/itute ! nobility ( ! ma/] class are specifically def9$4 ,nietzs*e designates ! duty ( 8 ari/ocracy1 & segregates ! human attributes accord+ to ! rank ( individuals4 ,! ,dionysian ideal1 :i* und]lies all ! books t foll[ ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 receives its fir/ direct exposition & application4 ,! h>di] human traits su* z egotism1 cruelty1 arrogance1 retaliation & appropriation are giv5 asc5d5cy ov] ! s(t] virtues su* z sympa?y1 *>ity1 =giv5ess1 loyalty & humility1 & are pron\nc$ necess>y con/itu5ts 9 ! moral code ( a natural ari/ocracy4 ,at ?is po9t is begun ! transvaluation ( values :i* 0 to h be5 complet$ 9 ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,! /ud5t %\ld read c>efully ?is *apt]1 = x is an introduction z well z an explanation = :at foll[s1 & 0 writt5 ) t purpose 9 view4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,beyond ,,good ,,& ,,evil ,to recognise untru? z a condition ( life3 t is c]ta9ly to impugn ! traditional ideas ( value 9 a dang]\s mann]1 & a philosophy :i* v5tures to d s1 has !reby alone plac$ itself beyond good & evil4 #i ,psy*ologi/s %\ld be?9k !mselves be=e putt+ d[n ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation z ! c>d9al in/9ct ( an organic be+4 ,a liv+ ?+ seeks above all to dis*>ge its /r5g?--life itself is ,w to ,p[]2 self-pres]vation is only "o ( ! indirect & mo/ frequ5t results !re(4 #bj ,x is ! bus9ess ( ! v few to be indep5d5t2 x is ! privilege ( ! /rong4 ,& :oev] attempts x1 ev5 ) ! be/ "r1 b )\t be+ oblig$ to d s1 proves t he is probably n only /rong1 b also d>+ beyond measure4 #dc ,! virtues ( ! common man w\ld p]haps mean vice & weakness 9 a philosoph]2 x might be possible = a highly develop$ man1 suppos+ him to deg5]ate & g to ru91 to acquire qualities !reby alone1 = ! sake ( :i* he w\ld h to be hon\r$ z a sa9t 9 ! l[] _w into :i* he _h sunk4 #dd ,books = ! g5]al read] are always ill-smell+ books1 ! od\r ( paltry p cl+s to !m4 ,:]e ! populace eat & dr9k1 & ev5 :]e !y rev]5ce1 x is accu/om$ to /9k4 ,"o %\ld n g into *ur*es if "o wi%es to brea! pure air4 #dd ,w c naturally only op]ate on w--& n on matt] 7n on n]ves1 = in/ance73 9 %ort1 ! hypo!sis mu/ be haz>d$1 :e!r w does n op]ate on w :]ev] effects are recognis$--& :e!r all me*anical action1 inasmu* z a p[] op]ates !re91 is n j ! p[] ( w1 ! effect ( w4 ,grant$1 f9ally1 t we succe$ 9 expla9+ our entire in/9ctive life z ! developm5t & ramification ( "o fundam5tal =m ( w--namely1 ! ,w to ,p[]1 z my !sis puts x2 grant$ t all organic functions c\ld be trac$ back to ?is ,w to ,p[]1 & t ! solution ( ! problem ( g5]ation & nutrition--x is "o problem--c\ld also be f\nd !re93 "o w\ld ?us h acquir$ ! "r to def9e all active =ce unequivocally z ,w to ,p[]4 ,! _w se5 f )91 ! _w def9$ & designat$ accord+ to its intelligible "*--x w\ld simply be ,w to ,p[]1 & no?+ else4 #eb ,happ9ess & virtue are no argum5ts4 ,x is will+ly =gott51 h[ev]1 ev5 on ! "p ( ?\ghtful m9ds1 t to make unhappy & to make bad are j z little c\nt]-argum5ts4 ,a ?+ c\ld be true1 al?\gh x 7 9 ! highe/ degree injuri\s & dang]\s2 inde$1 ! fundam5tal con/itution ( exi/5ce might be su* t "o succumb$ by a full k ( x--s t ! /r5g? ( a m9d might be measur$ by ! am\nt ( tru? x c\ld endure--or to speak m pla9ly1 by ! ext5t to :i* x requir$ tru? att5uat$1 veil$1 sweet5$1 damp$1 & falsifi$4 #ec-ed ,ev]y?+ t is pr(\nd loves ! mask2 ! pr(\nde/ ?+s h a hatr$ ev5 ( figure & lik5ess4 ,%\ld n ! contr>y only be ! "r disguise = ! %ame ( a ,god to g ab\t 98 #ed-ee ,"o mu/ r5\nce ! bad ta/e ( wi%+ to agree ) _m p4 ,good is no long] good :5 "o's neighb\r takes x into 8 m\?4 ,& h[ c\ld !re be a common good4 ,! expression contradicts itself2 t :i* c be common is always ( small value4 ,9 ! end ?+s mu/ be z !y are & h always be5--! great ?+s rema9 = ! great1 ! abysses = ! pr(\nd1 ! delicacies & ?rills = ! ref9$1 &1 to sum up %ortly1 ev]y?+ r>e = ! r>e4 #eg-eh ,9 e c\ntry ( ,europe1 & ! same 9 ,am]ica1 !re is at pres5t 444 a v n>r[1 prepossess$1 en*a9$ class ( spirits4444 ,briefly & regrettably1 !y belong to ! levell]s1 ^! wrongly nam$ free spirits--z glib-tongu$ & scribe-f+]$ slaves ( ! democratic ta/e & its mod]n ideas2 all ( !m m5 )\t solitude1 )\t p]sonal solitude1 blunt hone/ fell[s to :om nei!r c\rage nor hon\rable conduct ought to be d5i$2 only1 !y are n free1 & are ludicr\sly sup]ficial1 especially 9 _! innate p>tiality = see+ ! cause ( almo/ all human mis]y & failure 9 ! old =ms 9 :i* society has hi!rto exi/$--a notion :i* happily inv]ts ! tru? entirely4 #ec-ei ,we believe t sev]ity1 viol5ce1 slav]y1 dang] 9 ! /reet & 9 ! he>t1 secrecy1 /oicism1 tempt]'s art & revelry ( e k9d1--t ev]y?+ wick$1 t]rible1 tyrannical1 pr$atory1 & s]p5t9e 9 man1 s]ves z well = ! elevation ( ! human species z its opposite4444 #ei ,! ,*ri/ian fai? f ! beg9n+1 is sacrifice3 ! sacrifice ( all fre$om1 all pride1 all self-confid5ce ( _s2 x is at ! same "t subjection1 self-d]ision1 & self-mutilation4 #fe ,! mightie/ m5 h hi!rto always b[$ rev]5tly be=e ! sa9t1 z ! enigma ( self-subjugation & utt] volunt>y privation4--,:y did !y ?us b[8 ,!y div9$ 9 him--& z x 7 beh9d ! que/ionabl5ess ( 8 frail & wret*$ appe>ance--! sup]ior =ce :i* wi%$ to te/ itself by su* a subjugation2 ! /r5g? & love ( p[]1 & knew h[ to hon\r x3 !y hon\r$ some?+ 9 !mselves :5 !y hon\r$ ! sa9t4444 ,! mighty ones ( ! _w le>n$ to h a new fe> be=e him1 !y div9$ a new p[]1 a /range1 /ill unconqu]$ enemy3--x 0 ! ,w to ,p[] :i* oblig$ !m to halt be=e ! sa9t4 #gj-ga ,p]haps ! mo/ solemn conceptions t h caus$ ! mo/ fight+ & suff]+1 ! conceptions ,god & s91 w "o day seem to u ( no m importance ?an a *ild's play?+ or a *ild's pa9 seems to an old man4444 #ge ,to love mank9d = ,god's sake--?is has s f> be5 ! noble/ & remote/ s5tim5t to :i* mank9d has atta9$4 #gi ,= ^? :o are /rong & indep5d5t1 de/9$ & tra9$ to comm&1 9 :om ! judgm5t & skill ( a rul+ race is incorporat$1 religion is an additional means = ov]com+1 betray+ & surr5d]+ to ! =m] ! consci5ce ( ! latt]1 _! inmo/ he>t1 :i* w\ld fa9 escape ob$i5ce4 #hj ,asceticism & ,puritanism are almo/ indisp5sable means ( educat+ & ennobl+ a race :i* seeks to rise above its h]$it>y bas5ess & "w itself upw>d to future supremacy4 ,& f9ally1 to ord9>y m51 to ! majority ( ! p1 :o exi/ = s]vice & g5]al utility1 & are only s f> entitl$ to exi/1 religion gives invaluable cont5t$ness ) _! lot & condition1 peace ( he>t1 ennoblem5t ( ob$i5ce1 additional social happ9ess & sympa?y1 ) some?+ ( transfiguration & embelli%m5t1 some?+ ( ju/ification ( all ! commonplac5ess1 all ! meanness1 all ! semi-animal pov]ty ( _! s\ls4 #ha ,k = its own sake--t is ! la/ sn>e laid by morality3 we are !reby completely entangl$ 9 morals once m4 #he ,he :o atta9s 8 ideal1 precisely !reby surpasses x4 #hf ,sympa?y = all--w\ld be h>%ness & tyranny = !e1 my good neighb\r6 #hh ,to be a%am$ ( "o's immorality is a /ep on ! ladd] at ! end ( :i* "o is a%am$ also ( "o's morality4 #hi ,a disc]n+ "o might easily reg>d himself at pres5t z ! animalisation ( ,god4 #ij ,n _! love ( humanity1 b ! impot5ce ( _! love1 prev5ts ! ,*ri/ians ( to-day--burn+ u4 #ia ,!re is no su* ?+ z moral ph5om5a1 b only a moral int]pretation ( ph5om5a4 #ia ,! crim9al is (t5 en\gh n equal to 8 de$3 he ext5uates & maligns x4 #ia ,! great epo*s ( our life are at ! po9ts :5 we ga9 c\rage to rebaptise our badness z ! be/ 9 u4 #ib ,x is a curi\s ?+ t ,god le>n$ ,greek :5 he wi%$ to turn au?or--& t he did n le>n x bett]4 #ic ,ev5 concub9age has be5 corrupt$--by m>riage4 #ic ,a nation is a det\r ( nature to arrive at six or sev5 great m5--,yes1 & !n to get r\nd !m4 #id ,f ! s5ses orig9ate all tru/wor?9ess1 all good consci5ce1 all evid5ce ( tru?4 #ie ,our vanity w\ld l :at we d be/ to pass precisely = :at is mo/ difficult to u4--,conc]n+ ! orig9 ( _m sy/ems ( morals4 #if ,:5 a woman has s*ol>ly incl9ations !re is g5]ally some?+ wrong ) h] sexual nature4 ,b>r5ness itself conduces to a c]ta9 virility ( ta/e2 man1 inde$1 if ,i may say s1 is ! b>r5 animal4 #if ,t :i* an age consid]s evil is usually an unseasonable e*o ( :at 0 =m]ly consid]$ good--! atavism ( an old ideal4 #ig ,:at is done out ( love always takes place beyond good & evil4 #ih ,objection1 evasion1 joy\s di/ru/1 & love ( irony are signs ( heal?2 ev]y?+ absolute belongs to pa?ology4 #ih ,! ,jews---a p born = slav]y1 z ,tacitus & ! :ole anci5t _w say ( !m2 ! *os5 p among ! nations1 z !y !mselves say & believe--! ,jews p]=m$ ! miracle ( ! inv]sion ( valuations1 by means ( :i* life on e>? obta9$ a new & dang]\s *>m = a c\ple ( mill5niums4 ,_! prophets fus$ into "o ! expressions ri*1 godless1 wick$1 viol5t1 s5sual1 & = ! fir/ "t co9$ ! ^w _w z a t]m ( reproa*4 ,9 ?is inv]sion ( valuations 79 :i* is also includ$ ! use ( ! ^w poor z synonym\s ) sa9t & fri5d7 ! significance ( ! ,jewi% p is to be f\nd2 x is ) !m t ! slave-insurrection 9 morals comm5ces4 #aag ,! bea/ ( prey & ! man ( prey 7= in/ance1 ,cs> ,borgia7 are fundam5tally misund]/ood1 nature is misund]/ood1 s long z "o seeks a morbidness 9 ! con/itution ( ^! heal?ie/ ( all tropical mon/]s & gr[?s4444 #aah ,all ! sy/ems ( morals :i* address !mselves to individuals ) a view to _! happ9ess1 z x is call$--:at else are !y b sugge/ions = behavi\r adapt$ to ! degree ( dang] f !mselves 9 :i* ! individuals live2 recipes = _! passions1 _! good & bad prop5sities 9 s f> z su* h ! ,w to ,p[] & w\ld l to play ! ma/]2 small & great exp$i5cies & elaborations1 p]meat$ ) ! mu/y od\r ( old family m$ic9es & old-wife wisdom2 all ( !m grotesque & absurd 9 _! =m--because !y address !mselves to all1 because !y g5]alise :]e g5]alisation is n au?oris$2 all ( !m speak+ unconditionally1 & tak+ !mselves unconditionally2 all ( !m flav\r$ n m]ely ) "o gra9 ( salt1 b r endurable only1 & sometimes ev5 s$uctive1 :5 !y are ov]-spic$ & beg9 to smell dang]\sly1 especially ( ! o!r _w4 #aah-aai ,9 view 444 ( ! fact t ob$i5ce has be5 mo/ practis$ & fo/]$ among mank9d hi!rto1 "o may reasonably suppose t1 g5]ally speak+1 ! ne$ !re( is n[ innate 9 e "o1 z a k9d ( =mal consci5ce4444 #abj ,! hi/ory ( ! influ5ce ( ,napoleon is almo/ ! hi/ory ( ! high] happ9ess to :i* ! entire c5tury has atta9$ 9 its wor?ie/ individuals & p]iods4 #aba ,z long z ! utility :i* det]m9es moral e/imates is only greg>i\s utility1 z long z ! pres]vation ( ! community is only kept 9 view1 & ! immoral is s\ght precisely & exclusively 9 :at seems dang]\s to ! ma9t5ance ( ! community1 !re c be no morality ( love to "o's neighb\r4 #abc ,love ( our neighb\r1 is always a second>y matt]1 p>tly conv5tional & arbitr>ily manife/$ 9 relation to our fe> ( our neighb\r4 #abc ,ev]y?+ t elevates ! individual above ! h]d1 & is a s\rce ( fe> to ! neighb\r1 is h5ce=? call$ evil2 ! tol]ant1 unassum+1 self-adapt+1 self-equalis+ disposition1 ! m$iocrity ( desires1 atta9s to moral di/9ction & hon\r4 #abe ,! democratic movem5t is ! inh]itance ( ! ,*ri/ian movem5t4 #abg ,we1 :o reg>d ! democratic movem5t1 n only z a deg5]at+ =m ( political organisation1 b z equival5t to a deg5]at+1 a wan+ type ( man1 z involv+ 8 m$iocris+ & depreciation3 :]e h we to fix our hopes8 ,9 new philosoph]s--!re is no o!r alt]native3 9 m9ds /rong & orig9al en\gh to initiate opposite e/imates ( value1 to transvalue & inv]t et]nal valuations2 9 =]unn]s1 9 m5 ( ! future1 :o 9 ! pres5t %all fix ! con/ra9ts & fa/5 ! knots :i* w compel mill5niums to take new pa?s4 ,to tea* m5 ! future ( humanity z 8 w1 z dep5d+ on human w1 & to make prep>ation = va/ haz>d\s ent]prises & collective attempts 9 re>+ & educat+1 9 ord] !reby to put an end to ! frightful rule ( folly & *ance :i* has hi!rto gone by ! "n ( hi/ory 7! folly ( ! greate/ numb] is only its la/ =m7--= t purpose a new type ( philosoph]s & comm&]s w "s "t or o!r be ne$$1 at ! v idea ( :i* ev]y?+ t has exi/$ 9 ! way ( occult1 t]rible1 & b5evol5t be+s might look pale & dw>f$4 #abh-abi ,! univ]sal deg5]acy ( mank9d to ! level ( ! man ( ! future--z idealis$ by ! sociali/ic fools & %all[-pates--?is deg5]acy & dw>f+ ( man to an absolutely greg>i\s animal 7or z !y call x1 to a man ( free society71 ?is brutalis+ ( man into a pigmy ) equal rights & claims1 is und\bt$ly possible6 ,he :o has ?\ght out ?is possibility to its ultimate conclusion kn[s ano!r loa?+ unkn[n to ! re/ ( mank9d--& p]haps also a new mission6 #acj-aca ,suppos+ 444 t 9 ! picture ( ! philosoph]s ( ! future1 "s trait sugge/s ! "q :e!r !y mu/ n p]haps be sceptics 9 ! la/-m5tion$ s5se1 some?+ 9 !m w\ld only be designat$ !reby--& n !y !mselves4 ,) equal "r !y might call !mselves critics2 & assur$ly !y w be m5 ( exp]im5ts4444 ,!y w be /]n] 7& p]haps n always t[>ds !mselves only7 444 !y w n deal ) ! tru? 9 ord] t x may please !m1 or elevate & inspire !m--!y w r h little fai? 9 tru? br++ ) x su* revels = ! feel+s4 ,!y w smile1 ^? rigor\s spirits1 :5 any "o says 9 _! pres5ce3 t ?\ght elevates me1 :y %\ld x n be true8 or2 t arti/ enl>ges me1 :y %\ld he n be great8 ,p]haps !y w n only h a smile1 b a g5u9e disgu/ = all t is ?us raptur\s1 ideali/ic1 fem99e & h]maphroditic2 & if any "o c\ld look into _! inmo/ he>t1 he w\ld n easily f9d !re9 ! int5tion to reconcile ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts ) antique ta/e1 or ev5 ) mod]n p>liam5t>ism 7! k9d ( reconciliation necess>ily f\nd ev5 among/ philosoph]s 9 our v unc]ta9 & consequ5tly v conciliatory c5tury74 ,critical discipl9e1 & e habit t conduces to purity & rig\r 9 intellectual matt]s1 w n only be dem&$ f !mselves by ^! philosoph]s ( ! future2 !y may ev5 make a display !re( z _! special adornm5t--nev]!less !y w n want to be call$ critics on t acc\nt4 ,x w seem to !m no small indignity to philosophy to h x decre$1 z is s welcome n[adays1 t philosophy itself is criticism & critical sci5ce--& no?+ else :atev]6 #adi-aea ,! real philosoph]s 444 are comm&]s & law-giv]s2 !y say3 ,?us %all x be4 ,!y det]m9e fir/ ! ,:i!r & ! ,:y ( mank9d1 & !reby set aside ! previ\s lab\r ( all philosophical work]s1 & all subjugators ( ! pa/--!y grasp at ! future ) a creative h&1 & :atev] is & 01 becomes = !m !reby a means1 an in/rum5t1 & a hamm]4 ,_! kn[+ is creat+1 _! creat+ is a law-giv+1 _! w to tru? is--,w to ,t[]4444 #eb ,at pres5t 444 :5 ?r\gh\t ,europe ! h]d+ animal alone atta9s to hon\rs1 & disp5ses hon\rs1 :5 equality ( "r c too readily be trans=m$ into equality 9 wrong3 ,i mean to say into g5]al w> aga9/ ev]y?+ r>e1 /range1 & privileg$1 aga9/ ! high] man1 ! high] s\l1 ! high] duty1 ! high] responsibility1 ! creative pl5ipot5ce & lordl9ess--at pres5t x belongs to ! conception ( greatness to be noble1 to wi% to be ap>t1 to be capable ( be+ diff]5t1 to /& alone1 to h to live by p]sonal initiative2 & ! philosoph] w betray some?+ ( 8 own ideal :5 he ass]ts3 ,he %all be ! greate/ :o c be ! mo/ solit>y1 ! mo/ conceal$1 ! mo/ div]g5t1 ! man beyond good & evil1 ! ma/] ( 8 virtues1 & ( sup]abundance ( w2 precisely ?is %all be call$ greatness3 z div]sifi$ z c be entire1 z ample z c be full4 #aed-aee ,morality z attitude is oppos$ to our ta/e n[adays4 ,?is is also an advance1 z x 0 an advance 9 our fa!rs t religion z an attitude f9ally became oppos$ to _! ta/e4444 #afa ,! practice ( judg+ & condemn+ morally is ! fav\rite rev5ge ( ! intellectually %all[ on ^? :o are less s4444 #afb ,:oev] has really (f]$ sacrifice kn[s t he want$ & obta9$ some?+ = x--p]haps some?+ f himself = some?+ f himself2 t he rel9qui%$ "h 9 ord] to h m !re1 p]haps 9 g5]al to be m1 or ev5 feel himself m4 #afd ,:]ev] sympa?y 7fell[-suff]+7 is prea*$ n[adays 444 let ! psy*ologi/ h 8 e>s op53 ?r\gh all ! vanity1 ?r\gh all ! noise :i* is natural to ^! prea*]s 7z to all prea*]s71 he w he> a ho>se1 groan+1 g5u9e note ( self-contempt4 #fe ,we are prep>$ z no o!r age has ev] be5 = a c>nival 9 ! gr& /yle1 = ! mo/ spiritual fe/ival-laught] & arrogance1 = ! transc5d5tal height ( supreme folly & ,ari/ophanic ridicule ( ! _w4 ,p]haps we are /ill discov]+ ! doma9 ( our inv5tion j "h1 ! doma9 :]e ev5 we c /ill be orig9al1 probably z p>odi/s ( ! _w's hi/ory & z ,god's ,m]ry-,&rews1--p]haps1 ?\gh no?+ else ( ! pres5t h a future1 our laught] itself may h a future6 #afh ,! discipl9e ( suff]+1 ( great suff]+--"k ye n t x is only ?is discipl9e t has produc$ all ! elevations ( humanity hi!rto8 #aga ,x is desirable t z few p z possible %\ld reflect ^u morals1 & consequ5tly x is v desirable t morals %\ld n "s day become int]e/+6 #agd ,n "o ( ^? pond]\s1 consci5ce-/rick5 h]d+-animals 7:o und]take to advocate ! cause ( egoism z conducive to ! g5]al welf>e7 wants to h any k or inkl+ ( ! facts t ! g5]al welf>e is no ideal1 no goal1 no notion t c be at all grasp$1 b is only a no/rum1--t :at is fair to "o may n at all be fair to ano!r1 t ! requirem5t ( "o morality = all is really a detrim5t to high] m51 9 %ort1 t !re is a di/9ction ( rank betwe5 man & man1 & consequ5tly betwe5 morality & morality4 #age ,t :i* con/itutes ! pa9ful delight ( trag$y is cruelty2 t :i* op]ates agreeably 9 s-call$ tragic sympa?y1 & at ! basis ev5 ( ev]y?+ sublime1 up to ! highe/ & mo/ delicate ?rills ( metaphysics1 obta9s its sweetness solely f ! int]m+l$ +r$i5t ( cruelty4 #agg ,enlight5m5t hi!rto has =tunately be5 m5's affair1 m5's gift--we rema9$ !re) among ourselves2 & 9 ! end1 9 view ( all t wom5 write ab\t woman1 we may well h consid]able d\bt z to :e!r woman really desires enlight5m5t ab\t h]self--& c desire x4 ,if woman does n !reby seek a new ornam5t = h]self--,i believe ornam5tation belongs to ! et]nally fem99e8--:y1 !n1 %e wi%es to make h]self fe>$2 p]haps %e !reby wi%es to get ! ma/]y4 ,b %e does n want tru?--:at does woman c>e = tru?4 ,f ! v fir/ no?+ is m =eign1 m repugnant1 or m ho/ile to woman ?an tru?--h] great art is falsehood1 h] *ief conc]n is appe>ance & beauty4 #ahc ,x betrays corruption ( ! in/9cts--ap>t f ! fact t x betrays bad ta/e--:5 a woman ref]s to ,madame ,rol&1 or ,madame de ,/al1 or ,monsieur ,george ,s&1 z ?\gh some?+ 7 prov$ !reby 9 fav\r ( woman z %e is4 ,among m51 ^! are ! ?ree comical wom5 z !y are--no?+ m--& j ! be/ involunt>y c\nt]-argum5ts aga9/ fem99e emancipation & autonomy4 #ahd ,/upidity 9 ! kit*52 woman z cook2 ! t]rible ?\ghtlessness ) :i* ! fe$+ ( ! family & ! ma/] ( ! h\se is manag$4 ,woman does n und]/& :at food means1 & %e insi/s on be+ cook4 ,if woman _h be5 a ?9k+ creature1 %e %\ld c]ta9ly1 z cook = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 h discov]$ ! mo/ important physiological facts1 & %\ld likewise h got possession ( ! heal+ art4 ,?r\gh bad female cooks--?r\gh ! entire lack ( reason 9 ! kit*5--! developm5t ( mank9d has be5 longe/ ret>d$ & mo/ int]f]$ )4 #ahd-ahe ,to be mi/ak5 9 ! fundam5tal problem ( man & woman1 to d5y "h ! pr(\nde/ antagonism & ! necessity = an et]nally ho/ile t5sion1 to dream "h p]haps ( equal rights1 equal tra9+1 equal claims & obligations3 t is a typical sign ( %all[-m9d$ness2 & a ?9k] :o has prov$ himself %all[ at ?is dang]\s spot--%all[ 9 in/9ct--may g5]ally be reg>d$ z suspici\s1 nay m1 z betray$1 z discov]$3 he w probably prove too %ort = all fundam5tal que/ions ( life1 future z well z pres5t1 & w be unable to desc5d into any ( ! dep?s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a man :o has dep? ( _s z well z ( desires1 & has also ! dep? ( b5evol5ce :i* is capable ( sev]ity & h>%ness1 & easily conf\nd$ ) !m1 c only ?9k ( woman z ,ori5tals d3 he mu/ conceive ( h] z a possession1 z conf9able prop]ty1 z a be+ pr$e/9$ = s]vice & accompli%+ h] mission !re94444 #ahf-ahg ,! weak] sex has 9 no previ\s age be5 treat$ ) s mu* respect by m5 z at pres5t--?is belongs to ! t5d5cy & fundam5tal ta/e ( democracy1 9 ! same way z disrespectfulness to old age--:at wond] is x t abuse %\ld be imm$iately made ( ?is respect8 ,!y want m1 !y le>n to make claims1 ! tribute ( respect is at la/ felt to be well-nigh gall+4444 #ahg ,:]ev] ! indu/rial _s has triumph$ ov] ! milit>y & ari/ocratic _s1 woman /rives = ! economic & legal indep5d5ce ( a cl]k3 woman z cl]kess is inscrib$ on ! portal ( ! mod]n society :i* is 9 c\rse ( =mation4 ,:ile %e ?us appropriates new rights1 aspires to be ma/]1 & inscribes progress ( woman on h] flags & bann]s1 ! v opposite realises itself ) t]rible obvi\sness3 woman retrogrades4 ,s9ce ! ,fr5* ,revolution ! influ5ce ( woman 9 ,europe has decl9$ 9 proportion z %e has increas$ h] rights & claims2 & ! emancipation ( woman1 9 s f> z x is desir$ & dem&$ by wom5 !mselves 7& n only by mascul9e %all[-pates71 ?us proves to be a rem>kable symptom ( ! increas$ weak5+ & dead5+ ( ! mo/ womanly in/9cts4 ,!re is /upidity 9 ?is movem5t1 an almo/ mascul9e /upidity1 ( :i* a well-re>$ woman--:o is always a s5sible woman--might be he>tily a%am$4 #ahg-ahh ,e elevation ( ! type man1 has hi!rto be5 ! "w ( an ari/ocratic society--& s w x always be--a society believ+ 9 a long scale ( gradations ( rank & diff]5ces ( wor? among human be+s1 & requir+ slav]y 9 "s =m or o!r4 #bbc ,! ess5tial ?+ 444 9 a good & heal?y ari/ocracy is t x %\ld n reg>d itself z a function ei!r ( ! k+%ip or ! commonweal?1 b z ! significance & highe/ ju/ification !re(--t x %\ld !re=e accept ) a good consci5ce ! sacrifice ( a legion ( individuals1 :o1 = its sake1 mu/ be suppress$ & r$uc$ to imp]fect m51 to slaves & in/rum5ts4 ,its fundam5tal belief mu/ be precisely t society is n all[$ to exi/ = its own sake1 b only z a f\ndation & scaffold+1 by means ( :i* a select class ( be+s may be able to elevate !mselves to _! high] duties1 & 9 g5]al to a high] exi/5ce4444 #bbe ,life itself is ess5tially appropriation1 injury1 conque/ ( ! /range & weak1 suppression1 sev]ity1 obtrusion ( peculi> =ms1 incorporation1 & at ! lea/1 putt+ x milde/1 exploitation4444 #bbf ,p n[ rave ev]y:]e1 ev5 "u ! guise ( sci5ce1 ab\t com+ conditions ( society 9 :i* ! exploit+ "* is to be abs5t3--t s\nds to my e>s z if !y promis$ to inv5t a mode ( life :i* %\ld refra9 f all organic functions4 ,exploitation does n belong to a deprav$1 or imp]fect & primitive society2 x belongs to ! nature ( ! liv+ be+ z a prim>y organic function2 x is a consequ5ce ( ! intr9sic ,w to ,p[]1 :i* is precisely ! ,w to ,life4 #bbf ,9 a t\r ?r\gh ! _m f9] & co>s] moralities :i* h hi!rto prevail$ or /ill prevail on ! e>?1 ,i f\nd c]ta9 traits recurr+ regul>ly toge!r & connect$ ) "o ano!r1 until f9ally two prim>y types reveal$ !mselves to me1 & a radical di/9ction 0 br\ght to light4 ,!re is ma/]-morality & slave-morality2--,i w\ld at once add1 h[ev]1 t 9 all high] & mix$ civilisations1 !re are also attempts at ! reconciliation ( ! two moralities2 b "o f9ds /ill (t5] ! confusion & mutual misund]/&+ ( !m1 inde$1 sometimes _! close juxtaposition--ev5 9 ! same man1 )9 "o s\l4 #bbg ,! noble type ( man reg>ds himself z a det]m9] ( values2 he does n require to be approv$ (2 he passes ! judgm5t3 ,:at is injuri\s to me is injuri\s 9 itself2 he kn[s t x is he himself only :o conf]s hon\r on ?+s2 he is a creator ( values4 ,he hon\rs :atev] he recognises 9 himself3 su* morality is self-glorification4 ,9 ! =egr\nd !re is ! feel+ ( pl5itude1 ( p[]1 :i* seeks to ov]fl[1 ! happ9ess ( high t5sion1 ! consci5ti\sness ( a weal? :i* w\ld fa9 give & be/[3--! noble man also helps ! un=tunate1 b n--or sc>cely--out ( pity1 b r f an impulse g5]at$ by ! sup]abundance ( p[]4 ,! noble man hon\rs 9 himself ! p[]ful "o1 him also :o has p[] ov] himself1 :o kn[s h[ to speak & h[ to keep sil5ce1 :o takes pleasure 9 subject+ himself to sev]ity & h>dness1 & has rev]5ce = all t is sev]e & h>d4 #bbi ,a morality ( ! rul+ class 444 is 444 especially =eign & irritat+ to pres5t-day ta/e 9 ! /]nness ( its pr9ciple t "o has duties only to "o's equals2 t "o may act t[>ds be+s ( a l[] rank1 t[>ds all t is =eign1 j z seems good to "o1 or z ! he>t desires1 & 9 any case beyond good & evil3 x is "h t sympa?y & simil> s5tim5ts c h a place4 ,! ability & obligation to ex]cise prolong$ gratitude & prolong$ rev5ge--bo? only )9 ! circle ( equals1--artfulness 9 retaliation1 raff9em5t ( ! idea 9 fri5d%ip1 a c]ta9 necessity to h enemies z outlets = ! emotions ( envy1 qu>relsom5ess1 arrogance--9 fact1 9 ord] to be a good fri5d3 all ^! are typical *>act]i/ics ( ! noble morality4 #bbi-bcj ,slave-morality is ess5tially ! morality ( utility4 ,"h is ! seat ( ! orig9 ( ! fam\s anti!sis good & evil3--p[] & dang]\sness are assum$ to reside 9 ! evil1 a c]ta9 dreadfulness1 subtlety1 & /r5g?1 :i* d n admit ( be+ despis$4 ,accord+ to slave-morality1 !re=e1 ! evil man ar\ses fe>2 accord+ to ma/]-morality1 x is precisely ! good man :o ar\ses fe> & seeks to ar\se x1 :ile ! bad man is reg>d$ z ! despicable be+4 ,! contra/ atta9s its maximum :51 9 accordance ) ! logical consequ5ces ( slave-morality1 a %ade ( depreciation--x may be slight & well-int5tion$--at la/ atta*es itself ev5 to ! good man ( ?is morality2 because1 accord+ to ! s]vile mode ( ?\ght1 ! good man mu/ 9 any case be ! safe man3 he is good-natur$1 easily deceiv$1 p]haps a little /upid1 un bonhomme4 ,ev]y:]e t slave-morality ga9s ! asc5d5cy1 language %[s a t5d5cy to approximate ! significations ( ! words good & /upid4--,a la/ fundam5tal diff]5ce3 ! desire = fre$om1 ! in/9ct = happ9ess & ! ref9em5ts ( ! feel+ ( lib]ty belong z necess>ily to slave-morals & morality1 z artifice & en?usiasm 9 rev]5ce & devotion are ! regul> symptoms ( an ari/ocratic mode ( ?9k+ & e/imat+4 #bca ,a species orig9ates1 & a type becomes e/abli%$ & /rong 9 ! long /ruggle ) ess5tially con/ant unfav\rable conditions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is kn[n by ! exp]i5ce ( bre$]s t species :i* receive sup]abundant n\ri%m5t1 & 9 g5]al a surplus ( protection & c>e1 imm$iately t5d 9 ! mo/ m>k$ way to develop v>iations1 & are f]tile 9 prodigies & mon/rosities 7also 9 mon/r\s vices74 #bcd ,i submit t egoism belongs to ! ess5ce ( a noble s\l1 ,i mean ! unalt]able belief t to a be+ su* z we1 o!r be+s mu/ naturally be 9 subjection1 & h to sacrifice !mselves4 #bdj ,woman w\ld l to believe t love c d ev]y?+--x is ! sup]/ition peculi> to h]4 ,alas1 he :o kn[s ! he>t f9ds out h[ poor1 helpless1 pret5ti\s1 & blund]+ ev5 ! be/ & deepe/ love is--he f9ds t x r de/roys ?an saves6 #bdf ,signs ( nobility3 nev] to ?9k ( l[]+ our duties to ! rank ( duties = ev]ybody2 to be unwill+ to r5\nce or to %>e our responsibilities2 to c\nt our pr]ogatives1 & ! ex]cise ( !m1 among our duties4 #bdi ,a man /rives aft] great ?+s1 looks ^u e "o :om he enc\nt]s on 8 way ei!r z a means ( advance1 or a delay & h9drance--or z a tempor>y re/+-place4 #bdi ,if "o wi%es to praise at all1 x is a delicate & at ! same "t a noble self-control1 to praise only :]e "o does n agree4444 #bed ,all society makes "o someh[1 some:]e1 or sometimes--commonplace4 #bed-bee ,! noble s\l has rev]5ce = itself4 #bef ,a man :o c conduct a case1 c>ry out a resolution1 rema9 true to an op9ion1 keep hold ( a woman1 puni% & ov]?r[ insol5ce2 a man :o has 8 indignation & 8 sword1 & to :om ! weak1 ! suff]+1 ! oppress$1 & ev5 ! animals will+ly submit & naturally belong2 9 %ort1 a man :o is a ma/] by nature--:5 su* a man has sympa?y1 well1 t sympa?y has value6 #bei ,i w\ld ev5 all[ myself to rank philosoph]s accord+ to ! quality ( _! laugh+--up to ^? :o are capable ( gold5 laught]4 #bfj ,,viii ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals 7,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral7 0 writt5 by ,nietzs*e prim>ily z an elaboration & elucidation ( ! philosophic po9ts :i* 7 m]ely sket*$ 9 ,beyond ,good & ,evil4 ,?is =m] "w _h met ) small success1 & ! critics1 fail+ to und]/& its doctr9es1 read conv]se mean+s 9 x4 ,"o critic hail$ ,nietzs*e at once z an an>*i/1 & ?is review w5t f> 9 actuat+ him 9 draw+ up ! ?ree essays :i* comprise ! pres5t book4 ,z w be rememb]$1 sev]al ( ,nietzs*e's mo/ important pr9ciples 7 /at$ & outl9$ 9 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 especially 8 doctr9e ( slave-morality & ma/]-morality4 ,n[ he und]takes to develop ?is proposition1 z well z _m o!rs :i* he set =? provisionally 9 8 e>li] "w4 ,?is new polemic may be look$ ^u bo? z a complet+ ( =m] works & z a fur!r prep>ation = ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,! book1 a comp>atively brief "o 7x conta9s b>ely #dj1jjj words71 0 writt5 9 a p]iod ( ab\t two weeks dur+ ! e>ly "p ( #ahhg4 ,9 ,july ! manuscript 0 s5t to ! publi%]1 b 0 recall$ = revisions & add5da2 & mo/ ( ,nietzs*e's summ] 0 devot$ to correct+ x4 ,lat] t same ye> ! book appe>$2 & !reby its au?or acquir$ ano!r fri5dly read]1 ,georg ,br&es1 to :om1 m ?an to any o!r critic1 ,nietzs*e owes 8 e>ly recognition4 ,! /yle ( ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals is less aphori/ic ?an any ( ! books :i* imm$iately prec$$ or foll[$ x4 ,few new doctr9es are prop\nd$ 9 x2 & s9ce x 0 = ! mo/ "p an analytic comm5t>y on :at _h gone be=e1 its expositional ne$s 7 be/ met by ,nietzs*e's e>li] /yle ( writ+4 ,i h spok5 be=e ( ! desultory & sporadic mann] 9 :i* ,nietzs*e 0 necessitat$ to pres5t 8 philosophy4 ,n[h]e is 8 me?od ( "w bett] exemplifi$ ?an 9 ?is new "w4 ,ne>ly e "o ( 8 books ov]laps ano!r4 ,propositions are sket*ily /at$ 9 "o essay1 :i* receive elucidation only 9 future volumes4 ,beyond ,good & ,evil 0 a comm5t>y on ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra2 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals is a comm5t>y on ! newly prop\nd$ !ses 9 ,beyond ,good & ,evil & is 9 addition an elaboration ( _m ( ! ideas :i* took bir? z f> back z ,human1 ,all-,too-,human4 ,out ( ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals 9 turn grew ,! ,anti*ri/ :i* dealt specifically ) ! !ological phase ( ! =m]'s discussion ( g5]al morals4 ,& all ( ^! books 7 b prep>ations = ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,= ?is reason x is difficult to acquire a complete und]/&+ ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy unless "o foll[s x consecutively & *ronologically4 ,! book at pres5t "u discussion is a mo/ valuable "o f an academic /&po9t1 =1 :ile x may n set =? any new & important doctr9es1 x goes deep into ! orig9s & hi/ory ( moral concepts1 & expla9s _m ( ! important conclusions 9 ,nietzs*e's moral code4 ,x br+s m & m into prom95ce ! ma9 pill>s ( 8 e?ical sy/em & expla9s at l5g? ! /eps 9 ! syllogism :i* l$ to 8 doctr9e ( ma/]-morality4 ,x asc]ta9s ! orig9 ( ! concept ( s91 & describes ! racial det]ioration :i* has foll[$ 9 ! tra9 ( ,*ri/ian ideals4 ,9 _m ways ?is book is ! pr(\nde/ ( all ! writ+s ,nietzs*e left u4 ,= ! fir/ "t he sep>ates !ological & moral prejudices & traces !m to diff]5t orig9s4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important /eps tak5 by him4 ,by s do+ he became an explor] ( entirely new fields4 ,! moral hi/orians & psy*ologi/s :o prec$$ him _h consid]$ moral precepts & ,*ri/ian injunctions z /emm+ f ! same s\rce3 _! g5ealogies _h l$ !m to ! same common spr+4 ,nietzs*e ent]$ ! se>* ) new me?ods4 ,he appli$ ! philologie te/ to all moral values4 ,he br\ght to 8 task1 9 addition to a hi/orical s5se1 :at he calls an innate faculty ( psy*ological discrim9ation p> excell5ce4 ,he pos$ ! foll[+ que/ions1 & endeav\r$ to answ] !m by inquir+ into ! m9ute/ aspects ( hi/orical conditions3 ,"u :at conditions did ,man inv5t = himself ^? judgm5ts ( value1 'good' & 'evil'8 ,& :at intr9sic value d !y possess 9 !mselves8 ,h !y up to ! pres5t h9d]$ or advanc$ human well-be+8 ,are !y a symptom ( ! di/ress1 impov]i%m5t1 & deg5]ation ( ,human ,life8 ,or1 conv]sely1 is x 9 !m t is manife/$ ! fulness1 ! /r5g?1 & ! w ( ,life1 its c\rage1 its self-confid5ce1 its future8 ,9 8 rese>*1 ,nietzs*e fir/ que/ion$ ! value ( pity4 ,he f\nd x to be a symptom ( mod]n civilisation--a quality held 9 contempt by ! old] philosoph]s1 ev5 by su* widely dissimil> m9ds z ,plato1 ,sp9oza1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld & ,kant--b a quality giv5 high place by ! m mod]n ?9k]s4 ,despite ! seem+ly app>5t isolation ( ! problem ( pity-morality1 ,nietzs*e saw t 9 tru? x 0 a "q :i* und]lay all o!r moral propositions2 &1 us+ x z a gr\nd-"w = 8 rese>*1 he began to "q ! utility ( all ^? values held z good1 to apply ! qualities ( ! good man to ! ne$s ( civilisation1 & to inquire into ! results left ^u ! race by ! bad man4 ,s great 0 ! misund]/&+ :i* atta*$ to 8 phrase1 beyond good & evil1 & s p]si/5tly 0 ?is phrase int]pret$ 9 its n>r[ s5se ( beyond good & bad1 t he felt ! necessity ( draw+ ! l9e ( di/9ction betwe5 ^! two diametrically oppos$ conceptions & ( expla9+ ! orig9 ( ea*4 ,8 fir/ essay 9 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals is devot$ to ?is task4 ,at ! outset he devotes consid]able space criticis+ ! me?ods & conclusions ( =m] g5ealogi/s ( morals1 especially ( ! ,engli% psy*ologi/s :o attribute an intr9sic m]it to altruism because at "o "t altruism possess$ a utilit>ian value4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s !ory t good is ! same z purposive br+s f ,nietzs*e a prote/ f\nd$ on ! cont5tion t because a ?+ 0 at "o "t useful1 & !re=e good1 x does n foll[ t ! ?+ is good 9 itself4 ,by ! etymology ( ! descriptive words ( morality1 ,nietzs*e traces ! hi/ory ( mod]n moral attributes ?r\gh class di/9ctions to _! orig9 9 ! in/9cts ( ! nobles & ! vulg>ians4 ,he %[s ! relation%ip betwe5 ! ,lat9 bonus & ! w>rior1 by d]iv+ bonus f duonus4 ,bellum1 he %[s1 equals duellum :i* equals du5-lum1 9 :i* ^w duonus is conta9$4 ,likewise1 he po9ts out ! ari/ocratic orig9 ( happ9ess--a quality aris+ f an abundance ( en]gy & ! consci\sness ( p[]4 ,good & evil1 accord+ to ,nietzs*e1 is a sign ( slave-morality2 :ile good & bad repres5ts ! qualities 9 ! ma/]-morality4 ,! "o /&s = ! adopt$ qualities ( ! subs]vi5t races2 ! o!r embodies ! natural function+ ( dom9at+ races4 ,! orig9 ( ! good 9 ^! two in/ances is by no means ! same4 ,9 ! /rong man good repres5t$ an entirely diff]5t condition ?an ! good 9 ! res5tful & weak man2 & ^! two goods arose out ( diff]5t causes4 ,! "o 0 spontane\s & natural--inh]5t 9 ! individual ( /r5g?3 ! o!r 0 a manufactur$ condition1 an optional selection ( qualities to s(t5 & ameliorate ! conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,evil & bad1 by ! same tok51 became attributes orig9at+ 9 widely sep>at$ s\rces4 ,! evil ( ! weak man 0 any condition :i* work$ aga9/ ! manufactur$ ideals ( goodness1 :i* br\ght ab\t unhapp9ess--x 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! conception ( a slave-morality1 a t]m appli$ to all enemies4 ,! bad ( ! /rong man 0 ! concept :i* grew directly out ( 8 feel+ = good1 & :i* _h no application to ano!r individual4 ,?us ! ideas ( good & bad are directly inh]it$ f ! nobles ( ! race1 & ^! ideas includ$ )9 !mselves ! t5d5cy t[>d e/abli%+ social di/9ctions4 ,! second section ( ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals1 call$ ',guilt1' ',bad ,consci5ce1' & ! ,l1 is ano!r important docum5t1 ! read+ ( :i* is almo/ imp]ative = ! /ud5t :o w\ld und]/& ! processes ( ?\ght :i* l$ to ,nietzs*e's philosophic conclusions4 ,9 ?is essay ,nietzs*e traces ! orig9 ( s9 to debt1 !reby disagree+ ) all ! g5ealogi/s ( morals :o prec$$ him4 ,he />ts ) ! bir? ( memory 9 man & ) ! correspond+ w to =getfulness1 %[+ t out ( ^! two m5tal qualities 0 born responsibility4 ,out ( responsibility 9 turn grew ! function ( promis+ & ! accept+ ( promises1 :i* at once made possible betwe5 individuals ! relation%ip ( debtor & cr$itor4 ,z soon z ?is relation%ip 0 e/abli%$1 "o man _h rights ov] ano!r4 ,! cr$itor c\ld exact paym5t f ! debtor1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( mat]ial equival5t or by inflict+ an injury 9 :i* 0 conta9$ ! s5sation ( satisfaction4 ,?us ! cr$itor _h ! "r to puni% 9 cases :]e actual repaym5t 0 impossible4 ,& 9 ?is idea ( puni%m5t began n only class di/9ction b primitive law4 ,lat]1 :5 ! p[] to puni% 0 transf]r$ into ! h&s ( ! community1 ! law ( contract came into exi/5ce4 ,"h1 says ,nietzs*e1 we f9d ! cradle ( ! :ole moral _w ( ! ideas ( guilt1 consci5ce1 & duty2 & adds1 ,_! comm5cem5t1 l ! comm5cem5t ( all great ?+s 9 ! _w1 is ?or\ghly & cont9u\sly saturat$ 9 blood4 ,c>ry+ out ! pr9ciple und]ly+ ! relation%ip ( debtor & cr$itor we arrive at ! =mation ( ! community4 ,9 return = protection & = communal advantages ! individual pl$g$ 8 good behavi\r4 ,:5 he violat$ ?is contract ) ! community1 ! community1 9 ! guise ( ! defraud$ cr$itor1 took its rev5ge1 or exact$ its paym5t1 f ! debtor1 ! crim9al4 ,&1 z 0 ! case 9 e>ly hi/ory1 ! community depriv$ ! violator ( future advantages & protection4 ,! debtor 0 dive/$ ( all rights1 ev5 ( m]cy1 = !n !re 7 no degrees 9 law-break+4 ,primitive law 0 m>tial law4 ,says ,nietzs*e1 ,?is %[s :y w> itself 7c\nt+ ! sacrificial cult ( w>7 has produc$ all ! =ms "u :i* puni%m5t has manife/$ itself 9 hi/ory4 ,lat]1 z ! community ga!r$ /r5g?1 ! (f5ces ( ! individual debtors 7 look$ ^u z less s]i\s4 ,out ( its security grew l5i5cy t[>d ! (f5d]3 ! p5al code became mitigat$1 &1 z 9 all p[]ful nations to-day1 ! crim9al 0 protect$4 ,only :5 !re 0 a consci\sness ( weakness 9 a community did ! acts ( individual (f5d]s take on an exagg]at$ s]i\sness1 & "u su* conditions ! law 0 consequ5tly h>%e/4 ,?us1 ju/ice & ! infliction ( legal p5alties are direct outgr[?s ( ! primitive relation ( debt betwe5 individuals4 ,h]e9 we h ! orig9 ( guilt4 ,nietzs*e attempts an elaborate analysis ( ! hi/ory ( puni%m5t1 9 an ef=t to asc]ta9 its true mean+1 its relation to guilt & to ! community1 & its f9al effects on bo? ! individual & society4 ,x has be5 impossible to pres5t ! sequ5ce ( ?is analysis by direct exc]pts f 8 own words1 due to ! close1 syn!tic mann] 9 :i* he has made 8 rese>*4 ,!re=e ,i (f] ! foll[+ brief exposition ( pages #hh to #ii inclusive1 9 :i* he exam9es ! causes & effects ( puni%m5t4 ,to beg9 )1 ,nietzs*e disassociates ! orig9 & ! end ( puni%m5t1 & reg>ds !m z two sep>ate & di/9ct problems4 ,he argues t ! f9al utility ( a ?+1 9 ! s5se t rev5ge & det]r5ce are ! f9al utilities ( puni%m5t1 is 9 all cases oppos$ to ! orig9 ( t ?+2 t e =ce or pr9ciple is con/antly be+ put to new purposes by =ces great] ?an itself1 ?us mak+ x impossible to det]m9e its inception by ! end = :i* x is us$4 ,!re=e ! function ( puni%+ 0 n conceiv$ ) a view to puni%+1 b may h be5 employ$ = any numb] ( ends1 accord+ z a w to p[] has ov]come t function & made use ( x = its own purpose3 9 %ort2 puni%m5t1 l any organ or cu/om or ?+1 has pass$ ?r\gh a s]ies ( new int]pretations & adju/m5ts & mean+s--& is n a direct & logical progress z to an end4 ,hav+ e/abli%$ ?is po9t1 ,nietzs*e endeav\rs to det]m9e ! utilisation to :i* ! cu/om ( puni%m5t has be5 put--to asc]ta9 ! mean+ :i* has be5 int]pret$ into x4 ,he f9ds t ev5 9 mod]n times n "o b _m uses h be5 made ( puni%m5t1 & t 9 anci5t times s div]se h be5 ! utilisations ( puni%m5t t x is impossible to def9e !m all4 ,9 fact1 "o _c det]m9e ! precise reason = puni%m5t4 ,to emphasise ?is po9t1 ,nietzs*e gives a long li/ ( possible mean+s4 ,tak+ up ! m popul> suppos$ utilities ( puni%m5t at ! pres5t "t--su* z creat+ 9 ! wrong-do] ! consci\sness ( guilt1 :i* is suppos$ to evolve into consci5ce & remorse--he %[s :]e9 puni%m5t fails 9 its object4 ,aga9/ ?is !ory ( ! creation ( remorse1 he advances psy*ology & %[s t1 to ! contr>y1 puni%m5t numbs & h>d5s4 ,he argues also t puni%m5t = ! purpose ( mak+ ! wrong-do] consci\s ( ! intr9sic repreh5sibility ( 8 crime1 fails because ! v act = :i* he is *a/5$ is practis$ 9 ! s]vice ( ju/ice & is call$ good4 ,elim9at+ ?us ! suppos$ effects ( puni%m5t1 ,nietzs*e arrives at ! conclusion 7includ$ 9 ! exc]pts at ! end ( ?is *apt]7 t puni%m5t makes only = caution & secrecy1 & is !re=e detrim5tal4 ,9 8 analysis ( ! orig9 ( ! bad consci5ce1 ,nietzs*e l5ds himself to quotation4 ,!re=e ,i h be5 able to pres5t 9 8 own words a fair resume ( ! c\rse pursu$ by him 9 8 exam9ation ( ! hi/ory ( consci5ce4 ,?is p>ticul> bran* ( 8 rese>* is c>ri$ into ! =mation ( ! ,/ate :i*1 accord+ to him1 grew out ( a h]d ( blonde bea/s4 ,! old] !ory ( ! /ate1 namely3 t x orig9at$ 9 ! adoption ( a contract1 is set aside z unt5able :5 deal+ ) a peoples :o possess$ conqu]ors or ma/]s4 ,^! ma/]s1 argues ,nietzs*e1 _h no ne$ ( contracts4 ,by us+ ! bad consci5ce z a gr\nd = inquiry1 ! causes = ! exi/5ce ( altruism are %[n to be includ$ 9 ! self-cruelty :i* foll[$ 9 ! wake ( ! in/9ct = fre$om4 7,?is la/ po9t is develop$ fully 9 ! discussion ( ascetic ideals :i* is f\nd at ! end ( ! book n[ "u consid]ation47 ,nietzs*e traces ! bir? ( deities back along ! l9es ( cr$it & debt4 ,fir/ came ! fe> ( ance/ors4 ,!n foll[$ ! obligation to ance/ors4 ,at l5g? ! sacrifice to ance/ors m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( a conception ( duty 7debt7 to ! sup]natural4 ,! ance/ors ( p[]ful nations 9 "t became h]oes1 & f9ally evolv$ into gods4 ,lat] mono!ism came z a natural consequ5ce1 & ,god became ! cr$itor4 ,9 ! expiation ( s91 z symbolis$ 9 ! crucifixion ( ,*ri/ianity1 we h ?is same relation%ip ( debtor & cr$itor c>ri$ out into a m complex =m ?r\gh ! av5ues ( self-torture4 ,! mo/ important essay 9 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals is ! la/1 call$ ,:at is ! ,mean+ ( ,ascetic ,ideals8 ,nietzs*e exam9es ?is "q 9 relation to ! arti/1 to ! philosoph]1 to ! prie/1 & to ! race g5]ally4 ,9 8 exam9ation ( ! problem 9 reg>d to arti/s he uses ,wagn] z a basis ( inquiry1 comp>+ ! two phases ( ,wagn]'s art--! ,p>sifalian & ! ante-,p>sifalian4 ,arti/s1 ass]ts ,nietzs*e1 ne$ a support ( con/itut$ au?ority2 !y are unable to /& alone--/&+ alone is oppos$ to _! deepe/ in/9cts--& s !y make use ( asceticism z a ramp>t1 z build+ mat]ial1 to give _! "w au?ority4 ,9 8 application ( ! ascetic ideal to philosoph]s1 ,nietzs*e pres5ts ! cases ( ,s*op5hau] & ,kant1 & concludes t asceticism 9 su* in/ances is us$ z an escape f torture--a means to recreation & happ9ess4 ,) ! philosoph] ! ideal ( asceticism is n a d5ial ( exi/5ce4 ,r is x an affirmation ( exi/5ce4 ,x p]mits him fre$om ( ! intellect4 ,x relieves him ( ! num]\s obligations ( life4 ,fur!rmore1 ! philosophic _s1 9 ord] to e/abli% itself1 f\nd x necess>y to disguise itself z "o ( ! previ\sly fix$ types ( ! contemplative man1 z a prie/ or soo?say]4 ,only 9 su* a religi\s masqu]ade 0 philosophy tak5 ) any s]i\sness or rev]5ce4 ,! hi/ory ( asceticism 9 ! prie/ ,i h be5 able to set =? ) a c]ta9 degree ( complet5ess 9 ,nietzs*e's own words4 ,! prie/ 0 ! sick physician :o adm9i/]$ to ! ne$s ( a sick populace4 ,8 0 ! mission ( mitigat+ suff]+ & ( p]=m+ e k9d ( consolation4 ,:]e9 he fail$1 says ,nietzs*e1 0 9 n go+ to ! s\rce1 ! cause1 ( suff]+1 b 9 deal+ m]ely ) its manife/ations4 ,^! manife/ations 7 ! result ( physiological depressions :i* prevail$ at int]vals among portions ( ! population4 ,^! depressions 7 ! outgr[? ( div]se causes1 su* z long w>s1 emigration to unsuitable climates1 wrong diet1 misceg5ation on a l>ge scale1 disease1 etc4 ,accord+ to ,nietzs*e ! cure = su* physiological ph5om5a c be f\nd only 9 ! realm ( moral psy*ology1 = "h ! orig9 is consid]$ & adm9i/]$ to by discipl9>y sy/ems gr\nd$ 9 true k4 ,b ! me?od employ$ by ! prie/ 0 f> f sci5tific4 ,he combat$ ^! depressions by r$uc+ ! consci\sness ( life itself to ! l[e/ possible degree--t is1 by a doctr9e ( asceticism1 ( self-abnegation1 equanimity1 self-hypnotism4 ,by ?us m9imis+ ! consci\sness ( life1 ^! depressions took on m & m ! aspect ( normality4 ,! effects ( ?is treatm5t1 h[ev]1 7 transi5t1 = ! />v+ ( ! physical desires & ! ab/95ce f ex]cis+ ! physical impulses pav$ ! way = all mann] ( m5tal disord]s1 excesses & insanity4 ,h]e9 lies ,nietzs*e's explanation = religi\s ec/asies1 halluc9ations1 & s5sual outbur/s4 ,ano!r =m ( treatm5t devis$ by ! ascetic prie/s = a depress$ p gave bir? to ! bless$ness :i*1 "u ! ,*ri/ian code1 atta*es to "w4 ,^! prie/s attempt$ to turn ! att5tion ( ! p f _! suff]+ by ! e/abli%m5t ( me*anical activity1 namely3 "w1 r\t9e & ob$i5ce4 ,! sick man =got himself 9 ! lab\r :i* _h receiv$ sanctification4 ,! prie/s also combat$ depression by p]mitt+ pleasure ?r\gh ! creation & production ( joy4 ,t is1 !y set m5 to help+ & com=t+ ea* o!r1 by in/ill+ 9 !m ! notion ( bro!rly love4 ,!reby ! community mutually /r5g!n$ itself1 & at ! same "t x reap$ ! joy ( s]vice :i* _h be5 sanction$ by ! prie/s4 ,out ( ?is la/ me?od sprang _m ( ! ,*ri/ian virtues1 especially ^? :i* b5efit o!rs r ?an oneself4 ,su* me?ods z ^!--devitalisation1 lab\r1 bro!rly love--are call$ by ,nietzs*e ! innoc5t prescriptions 9 ! fight aga9/ depression4 ,! guilty ones are f> diff]5t1 & are embodi$ 9 ! "o me?od3 ! production ( emotional excess4 ,?is1 ! prie/s und]/ood1 0 ! mo/ efficaci\s mann] 9 ov]com+ protract$ depression & pa94 ,confront$ by ! qu]y3 ,by :at means c ?is emotional excess be produc$8 !y made use ( ! :ole pack ( h\nds t rage 9 ! human k5nel--rage1 fe>1 lu/1 rev5ge1 hope1 despair1 cruelty & ! l4 ,& once ^! emotional excesses became e/abli%$1 ! prie/s1 :5 ask$ by ! pati5ts = a cause ( _! suff]+1 decl>$ x to be )9 ! man himself1 9 8 own guilt9ess4 ,?us 0 ! sick man turn$ into a s9n]4 ,"h orig9at$ also ! conception ( suff]+ z a /ate ( puni%m5t1 ! fe> ( retribution1 ! iniquit\s consci5ce1 & ! hope ( r$emption4 ,nietzs*e goes fur!r1 & %[s ! racial & individual decad5ce :i* has foll[$ 9 ! tra9 ( ?is sy/em ( treatm5t4 ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy says ) ju/ice t ?is la/ essay1 consid]$ 9 ! light :i* x ?r[s ^u ! attitude ( ! ecclesia/ to ! man ( res5tm5t & mis=tune1 is "o ( ! mo/ valuable contributions to sac]dotal psy*ology4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,! ,,g5ealogy ,,( ,,morals ,! pa?os ( nobility & di/ance1444 ! *ronic & despotic esprit de corps & fundam5tal in/9ct ( a high] dom9ant race com+ into association ) a mean] race1 an "u race1 ?is is ! orig9 ( ! anti!ses ( good & bad4 #bj ,! knightly-ari/ocratic values are bas$ on a c>eful cult ( ! physical1 on a fl[]+1 ri*1 & ev5 eff]vesc+ heal?9ess1 t goes consid]ably beyond :at is necess>y = ma9ta9+ life1 on w>1 adv5ture1 ! *ase1 ! dance1 ! t\rney--on ev]y?+1 9 fact1 :i* is conta9$ 9 /rong1 free1 & joy\s action4 ,! prie/ly ari/ocratic mode ( valuation is--we h se5--bas$ on o!r hypo!ses3 x is bad en\gh = ?is class :5 x is a "q ( w>6 ,yet ! prie/s are1 z is notori\s1 ! wor/ enemies--:y8 ,because !y are ! weake/4 #bi ,! slave-morality requires z ! condition ( its exi/5ce an ext]nal & objective _w1 to employ physiological t]m9ology1 x requires objective /imuli to be ( action at all--its action is fundam5tally a reaction4 ,! contr>y is ! case :5 we come to ! ari/ocrat's sy/em ( values3 x acts & gr[s spontane\sly1 x m]ely seeks its anti!sis 9 ord] to pron\nce a m grateful & exultant yes to its own self4444 #ce ,! ari/ocratic man conceives ! root idea good spontane\sly & /raight away1 t is to say1 out ( himself1 & f t mat]ial !n creates = himself a concept ( bad6 ,?is bad ( ari/ocratic orig9 & t evil out ( ! cauldron ( unsatisfi$ hatr$--! =m] an imitation1 an extra1 an additional nuance2 ! latt]1 on ! o!r h&1 ! orig9al1 ! beg9n+1 ! ess5tial act 9 ! conception ( a slave-morality--^! two words bad & evil1 h[ great a diff]5ce d !y m>k 9 spite ( ! fact t !y h an id5tical contr>y 9 ! idea good4 #ci ,x is impossible n to recognise at ! core ( all ^! ari/ocratic races ! bea/ ( prey2 ! magnific5t blonde brute1 avidly rampant = spoil & victory2 ?is hidd5 core ne$$ an outlet f "t to "t1 ! bea/ mu/ get loose aga91 mu/ return into ! wild]ness--! ,roman1 ,arabic1 ,g]man1 & ,japanese nobility1 ! ,hom]ic h]oes1 ! ,sc&9avian ,vik+s1 are all alike 9 ?is ne$4 ,x is ! ari/ocratic races :o h left ! idea ,b>b>ian on all ! tracks 9 :i* !y h m>*$2 nay1 a consci\sness ( ?is v b>b>ianism1 & ev5 a pride 9 x1 manife/s itself ev5 9 _! highe/ civilisation4 #dj ,:at produces to-day our repulsion t[>ds man8--= we suff] f man1 !re is no d\bt ab\t x4 ,x is n fe>2 x is r t we h no?+ m to fe> f m52 x is t ! worm man is 9 ! =egr\nd & pullulates2 x is t ! tame man1 ! wret*$ m$iocre & un$ify+ creature1 has le>nt to consid] himself a goal & a p9nacle1 an inn] mean+1 an hi/oric pr9ciple1 a high] man4 444 #db-dc ,9 ! dw>f+ & levell+ ( ! ,european man lurks our greate/ p]il1 = x is ?is outlook :i* fatigues--we see to-day no?+ :i* wi%es to be great]1 we surmise t ! process is always /ill backw>ds1 /ill backw>ds t[>ds some?+ m att5uat$1 m in(f5sive1 m cunn+1 m com=table1 m m$iocre1 m indiff]5t1 m ,*9ese1 m ,*ri/ian4 #dd ,to require ( /r5g? t x %\ld n express itself z /r5g?1 t x %\ld n be a wi% to ov]p[]1 a wi% to ov]?r[1 a wi% to become ma/]1 a ?ir/ = enemies & antagonisms & triumphs1 is j z absurd z to require ( weakness t x %\ld express itself z /r5g?4 ,a quantum ( =ce is j su* a quantum ( movem5t1 w1 action4 #de ,! impot5ce :i* requites n1 is turn$ to goodness1 crav5 bas5ess to meekness1 submission to ^? :om "o hates1 to ob$i5ce 7namely1 ob$i5ce to "o ( :om !y say t he ord]$ ?is submission--!y call him ,god74 ,! in(f5sive "* ( ! weak1 ! v c[>dice 9 :i* he is ri*1 8 /&+ at ! door1 8 =c$ necessity ( wait+1 ga9 "h f9e names1 su* z pati5ce1 :i* is also call$ virtue2 n be+ able to av5ge "o's self1 is call$ n wi%+ to av5ge "o's self1 p]haps ev5 =giv5ess4 #dh ,!y are mis]able1 !re is no d\bt ab\t x1 all ^! :isp]]s & c\nt]feit]s 9 ! corn]s1 al?\gh !y try to get w>m by cr\*+ close to ea* o!r1 b !y tell me t _! mis]y is a fav\r & di/9ction giv5 to !m by ,god1 j z "o beats ! dogs "o likes be/2 t p]haps ?is mis]y is also a prep>ation1 a probation1 a tra9+2 t p]haps x is /ill m some?+ :i* w "o day be comp5sat$ & paid back ) a trem5d\s int]e/ 9 gold1 nay 9 happ9ess4 ,?is !y call ,bless$ness4 #de-di ,! two oppos+ values good & bad1 good & evil1 h f\ght a dreadful1 ?\s&-ye> fight 9 ! _w1 & ?\gh indubitably ! second value has be5 = a long "t 9 ! prepond]ance1 !re are n want+ places :]e ! =tune ( ! fight is /ill undecisive4 ,x c almo/ be said t 9 ! mean:ile ! fight rea*es a high] & high] level1 & t 9 ! mean:ile x has become m & m int5se1 & always m & m psy*ological2 s t n[adays !re is p]haps no m decisive m>k ( ! high] nature1 ( ! m psy*ological nature1 ?an to be 9 t s5se self-contradictory1 & to be actually /ill a battle-gr\nd = ^? two opposites4 ,! symbol ( ?is fight1 writt5 9 a writ+ :i* has rema9$ wor?y ( p]usal ?r\gh\t ! c\rse ( hi/ory up to ! pres5t "t1 is call$ ,rome aga9/ ,juda1 ,juda aga9/ ,rome4 ,hi!rto !re has be5 no great] ev5t ?an t fight1 ! putt+ ( t "q1 t deadly antagonism4 ,rome f\nd 9 ! ,jew ! inc>nation ( ! unnatural1 z ?\gh x 7 its diametrically oppos$ mon/rosity1 & 9 ,rome ! ,jew 0 held to be convict$ ( hatr$ ( ! :ole human race3 & rightly s1 9 s f> z x is "r to l9k ! well-be+ & ! future ( ! human race to ! unconditional ma/]y ( ! ari/ocratic values1 ( ! ,roman values4 ,:at1 conv]sely1 did ! ,jews feel aga9/ ,rome8 ,"o c surmise x f a ?\s& symptoms1 b x is suffici5t to c>ry "o's m9d back to ! ,johannian ,apocalypse1 t mo/ obsc5e ( all ! writt5 outbur/s1 :i* has rev5ge on its consci5ce4 #ec-ed ,beyond ,good & ,evil--at any rate t is n ! same z ,beyond ,good & ,bad4 #eg ,! pr\d k ( ! extraord9>y privilege ( responsibility1 ! consci\sness ( ?is r>e fre$om1 ( ?is p[] ov] himself & ov] fate1 has sunk "r d[n to 8 inn]mo/ dep?s1 & has become an in/9ct1 a dom9at+ in/9ct--:at "n w he give to x1 to ?is dom9at+ in/9ct if he ne$s to h a ^w = x8 ,b !re is no d\bt ab\t x--! sov]eign man calls x 8 consci5ce4 #fe ,h ^! curr5t g5ealogi/s ( morals ev] all[$ !mselves to h ev5 ! vague/ notion1 = in/ance1 t ! c>d9al moral idea ( ought orig9ates f ! v mat]ial idea ( owe8 ,or t puni%m5t develop$ z a retaliation absolutely indep5d5tly ( any prelim9>y hypo!sis ( ! fre$om or det]m9ation ( ! w8--,& ?is to su* an ext5t1 t a high degree ( civilisation 0 always fir/ necess>y = ! animal man to beg9 to make ^? mu* m primitive di/9ctions ( int5tional1 neglig5t1 accid5tal1 responsible1 & _! contr>ies1 & apply !m 9 ! assess+ ( puni%m5t4 ,t idea--! wrong-do] des]ves puni%m5t because he might h act$ o!rwise1 9 spite ( ! fact t x is n[adays s *eap1 obvi\s1 natural1 & inevitable1 & t x has _h to s]ve z an illu/ration ( ! way 9 :i* ! s5tim5t ( ju/ice appe>$ on e>? is 9 po9t ( fact an exce$+ly late1 & ev5 ref9$ =m ( human judgm5t & inf]5ce2 ! plac+ ( ?is idea back at ! beg9n+ ( ! _w is simply a clumsy violation ( ! pr9ciples ( primitive psy*ology4 #fi ,! sight ( suff]+ does "o good1 ! infliction ( suff]+ does "o m good--?is is a h>d maxim1 b none ! less a fundam5tal maxim1 old1 p[]ful1 & human1 all-too-human2 "o1 moreov]1 to :i* p]haps ev5 ! apes z well w\ld subscribe3 = x is said t 9 inv5t+ biz>re cruelties !y are giv+ abundant pro( ( _! future humanity1 to :i*1 z x 71 !y are play+ ! prelude4 ,)\t cruelty1 no fea/3 s tea*es ! olde/ & longe/ hi/ory ( man--& 9 puni%m5t too is !re s mu* ( ! fe/ive4 #ge ,! d>k5+ ( ! heav5s ov] man has always increas$ 9 proportion to ! gr[? ( man's %ame be=e man4,! tir$ pessimi/ic outlook1 ! mi/ru/ ( ! riddle ( life1 ! icy negation ( disgu/$ ennui1 all ^? are n ! signs ( ! mo/ evil age ( ! human race3 mu* r d !y come fir/ to ! light ( day1 z ! swamp-fl[]s1 :i* !y are1 :5 ! swamp to :i* !y belong comes into exi/5ce--,i mean ! diseas$ ref9em5t & moralisation1 ?anks to :i* ! animal man has at la/ le>nt to be a%am$ ( all 8 in/9cts4 #ge ,! curve ( human s5sibilities to pa9 seems inde$ to s9k 9 an extraord9>y & almo/ sudd5 fa%ion1 z soon z "o has pass$ ! upp] t5 ?\s& or t5 millions ( ov]-civilis$ humanity1 & ,i p]sonally h no d\bt t1 by comp>ison ) "o pa9ful night pass$ by "o s+le hy/]ical *it ( a cultur$ woman1 ! suff]+ ( all ! animals tak5 toge!r :o h be5 put to ! "q ( ! knife1 s z to give sci5tific answ]s1 are simply negligible4 #gf-gg ,man 444 arriv$ at ! great g5]alisation ev]y?+ has its price1 all c be paid =1 ! olde/ & mo/ nave moral canon ( ju/ice ! beg9n+ ( all k9dness1 ( all equity1 ( all goodwill1 ( all objectivity 9 ! _w4 #hj ,! self-de/ruction ( ,ju/ice6 we "k ! pretty "n x calls itself--,grace6 x rema9s1 z is obvi\s1 ! privilege ( ! /ronge/1 bett] /ill1 _! sup]-law4 #hc-hd ,! aggressive man has at all times enjoy$ ! /rong]1 bold]1 m ari/ocratic1 & also fre] outlook1 ! bett] consci5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we already surmise :o x really is t has on 8 consci5ce ! inv5tion ( ! bad consci5ce1--! res5tful man6 #hf ,to talk ( intr9sic "r & intr9sic wrong is absolutely nons5sical2 intr9sically1 an injury1 an oppression1 an exploitation1 an annihilation c be no?+ wrong1 inasmu* z life is ess5tially 7t is1 9 its c>d9al functions7 some?+ :i* functions by injur+1 oppress+1 exploit+1 & annihilat+1 & is absolutely inconceivable )\t su* a "*4 #hh ,evildo]s h ?r\gh\t ?\s&s ( ye>s felt :5 ov]tak5 by puni%m5t exactly l ,sp9oza1 on ! subject ( _! (f5ce3 "h is some?+ :i* w5t wrong contr>y to my anticipation1 n ,i ought n to h done ?is4--,!y submitt$ !mselves to puni%m5t1 j z "o submits "o's self to a disease1 to a mis=tune1 or to dea?1 ) t /ubborn & resign$ fatalism :i* gives ! ,russians1 = in/ance1 ev5 n[adays1 ! advantage ov] u ,we/]n]s1 9 ! h&l+ ( life4 ,if at t p]iod !re 0 a critique ( action1 ! crit]ion 0 prud5ce3 ! real effect ( puni%m5t is unque/ionably *iefly to be f\nd 9 a %>p5+ ( ! s5se ( prud5ce1 9 a l5g!n+ ( ! memory1 9 a w to adopt m ( a policy ( caution1 suspicion1 & secrecy2 9 ! recognition t !re are _m ?+s :i* are unque/ionably beyond "o's capacity2 9 a k9d ( improvem5t 9 self-criticism4 ,! broad effects :i* c be obta9$ by puni%m5t 9 man & bea/1 are ! increase ( fe>1 ! %>p5+ ( ! s5se ( cunn+1 ! ma/]y ( ! desires3 s x is t puni%m5t tames man1 b does n make him bett]--x w\ld be m correct ev5 to g s f> z to ass]t ! contr>y4 #ii ,all in/9cts :i* d n f9d a v5t )\t1 turn inw>ds--?is is :at ,i mean by ! gr[+ int]nalisation ( man3 consequ5tly we h ! fir/ gr[? 9 man1 ( :at subsequ5tly 0 call$ 8 s\l4 ,! :ole inn] _w1 orig9ally z ?9 z if x _h be5 /ret*$ betwe5 two lay]s ( sk91 bur/ ap>t & exp&$ proportionately1 & obta9$ dep?1 bread?1 & height1 :5 man's ext]nal outlet became ob/ruct$4 ,^! t]rible bulw>ks1 ) :i* ! social organisation protect$ itself aga9/ ! old in/9cts ( fre$om 7puni%m5ts belong pre-em95tly to ^! bulw>ks71 br\ght x ab\t t all ^? in/9cts ( wild1 free1 pr[l+ man became turn$ backw>ds aga9/ man himself4 ,enmity1 cruelty1 ! delight 9 p]secution1 9 surprises1 *ange1 de/ruction--! turn+ all ^! in/9cts aga9/ _! own possessors3 ?is is ! orig9 ( ! bad consci5ce4 ,x 0 man1 :o1 lack+ ext]nal enemies & ob/acles1 & imprison$ z he 0 9 ! oppressive n>r[ness & monotony ( cu/om1 9 8 own impati5ce lac]at$1 p]secut$1 gnaw$1 fright5$1 & ill-treat$ himself2 x 0 ?is animal 9 ! h&s ( ! tam]1 :i* beat itself aga9/ ! b>s ( its cage2 x 0 ?is be+ :o1 p9+ & ye>n+ = t des]t home ( :i* x _h be5 depriv$1 0 compell$ to create out ( its own self1 an adv5ture1 a torture-*amb]1 a haz>d\s & p]il\s des]t--x 0 ?is fool1 ?is homesick & desp]ate prison]--:o inv5t$ ! bad consci5ce4 #ajj-aja ,a h]d ( blonde bea/s ( prey1 a race ( conqu]ors & ma/]s1 :i* ) all its w>like organisation & all its organis+ p[] p\nces ) its t]rible claws on a population1 9 numb]s possibly trem5d\sly sup]ior1 b z yet =mless1 z yet nomad4 ,su* is ! orig9 ( ! ,/ate4 ,t fanta/ic !ory t makes x beg9 ) a contract is1 ,i ?9k1 dispos$ (4 ,he :o c comm&1 he :o is a ma/] by nature1 he :o comes on ! sc5e =ceful 9 de$ & ge/ure--:at has he to d ) contracts8 ,su* be+s defy calculation1 !y come l fate1 )\t cause1 reason1 notice1 excuse1 !y are !re l ! lightn+ is !re1 too t]rible1 too sudd51 too conv9c+1 too diff]5t1 to be p]sonally ev5 hat$4 ,_! "w is an in/9ctive creat+ & impress+ ( =ms1 !y are ! mo/ involunt>y1 unconsci\s arti/s t !re are4444 #ajc ,x is only ! bad consci5ce1 only ! w = self-abuse1 t provides ! necess>y conditions = ! exi/5ce ( altruism z a value4 #aje ,! feel+ ( ow+ a debt to ! deity has gr[n cont9u\sly = sev]al c5turies1 always 9 ! same proportion 9 :i* ! idea ( ,god & ! consci\sness ( ,god h gr[n & become exalt$ among mank9d4 7,! :ole hi/ory ( e?nic fights1 victories1 reconciliations1 amalgamations1 ev]y?+1 9 fact1 :i* prec$es ! ev5tual class+ ( all ! social elem5ts 9 ea* great race syn!sis1 are mirror$ 9 ! hot*-pot* g5ealogy ( _! gods1 9 ! leg5ds ( _! fights1 victories1 & reconciliations1 ,progress t[>ds univ]sal empires inv>iably means progress t[>ds univ]sal deities2 despotism1 ) its subjugation ( ! indep5d5t nobility1 always paves ! way = "s sy/em or o!r ( mono!ism47 ,! appe>ance ( ! ,*ri/ian god1 z ! record god up to ?is "t1 has = t v reason br\ght equally into ! _w ! record am\nt ( guilt consci\sness4 #aji ,?is is a k9d ( madness ( ! w 9 ! sph]e ( psy*ological cruelty :i* is absolutely unp>allel$3--man's w to f9d himself guilty & blamewor?y to ! po9t ( inexpiability1 8 w to ?9k ( himself z puni%$1 )\t ! puni%m5t ev] be+ able to balance ! guilt1 8 w to infect & to poison ! fundam5tal basis ( ! univ]se ) ! problem ( puni%m5t & guilt1 9 ord] to cut (f once & = all any escape out ( ?is labyr9? ( fix$ ideas1 8 w = re>+ an ideal--t ( ! holy ,god--face to face ) :i* he c h tangible pro( ( 8 own unwor?9ess4 ,alas = ?is mad melan*oly bea/ man6 #aab-aac ,:at is ! mean+ ( ascetic ideals8 ,9 arti/s1 no?+1 or too mu*2 9 philosoph]s & s*ol>s1 a k9d ( flair & in/9ct = ! conditions mo/ fav\rable to advanc$ intellectualism2 9 wom51 at be/ an additional s$uctive fasc9ation1 a little morbidezza on a f9e piece ( fle%1 ! angelhood ( a fat1 pretty animal2 9 physiological failures & :9]s 79 ! majority ( mortals71 an attempt to pose z too good = ?is _w1 a holy =m ( debau*]y1 _! *ief weapon1 9 ! battle ) l+]+ pa9 & ennui2 9 prie/s1 ! actual prie/ly fai?1 _! be/ eng9e ( p[]1 & also ! supreme au?ority = p[]2 9 sa9ts1 f9ally a pretext = hib]nation1 _! novissima gloria cupido1 _! peace 9 no?+ness 7,god71 _! =m ( madness4 #aba ,all good ?+s 7 once bad ?+s2 f e orig9al s9 has gr[n an orig9al virtue4 ,m>riage1 = example1 seem$ = a long "t a s9 aga9/ ! rights ( ! community2 a man =m]ly paid a f9e = ! insol5ce ( claim+ "o woman to himself4 #add-ade ,! s(t1 b5evol5t yield+1 sympa!tic feel+s--ev5tually valu$ s highly t !y almo/ become intr9sic values1 7 = a v long "t actually despis$ by _! possessors2 g5tl5ess 0 !n a subject = %ame1 j z h>dness is n[4 #ade ,! ascetic ideal spr+s f ! prophylactic & self-pres]vative in/9cts :i* m>k a decad5t life1 :i* seeks by e means 9 its p[] to ma9ta9 its position & fight = its exi/5ce2 x po9ts to a p>tial physiological depression & exhau/ion1 aga9/ :i* ! mo/ pr(\nd & intact life-in/9cts fight ceaselessly ) new weapons & discov]ies4 ,! ascetic ideal is su* a weapon3 its position is consequ5tly exactly ! rev]se ( t :i* ! wor%ipp]s ( ! ideal imag9e--life /ruggles 9 x & ?r\gh x ) dea? & aga9/ dea?2 ! ascetic ideal is a dodge = ! pres]vation ( life4 #aed ,! ascetic prie/ is ! inc>nate wi% = an exi/5ce ( ano!r k9d1 an exi/5ce on ano!r plane1--he is1 9 fact1 ! highe/ po9t ( ?is wi%1 its (ficial ec/asy & passion3 b x is ! v p[] ( ?is wi% :i* is ! fett] t b9ds him "h2 x is j t :i* makes him into a tool t mu/ lab\r to create m fav\rable conditions = e>?ly exi/5ce1 = exi/5ce on ! human plane--x is ) ?is v p[] t he keeps ! :ole h]d ( failures1 di/ortions1 abortions1 un=tunates1 suff]]s f !mselves ( e k9d1 fa/ to exi/5ce1 :ile he z ! h]dsman goes in/9ctively on 9 front4 #aed-aee ,! sick are ! great dang] ( man1 n ! evil1 n ! bea/s ( prey4 ,!y :o are f ! outset bot*$1 oppress$1 brok51 ^? are !y1 ! weake/ are !y1 :o mo/ und]m9e ! life b5ea? ! feet ( man1 :o in/il ! mo/ dang]\s v5om & scepticism into our tru/ 9 life1 9 man1 9 ourselves4 #aeg ,prev5t+ ! sick mak+ ! heal?y sick 444 ?is ought to be our supreme object 9 ! _w--b = ?is x is above all ess5tial t ! heal?y %\ld rema9 sep>at$ f ! sick1 t !y %\ld ev5 gu>d !mselves f ! look ( ! sick1 t !y %\ld n ev5 associate ) ! sick4 ,or may x1 p]*ance1 be _! mission to be nurses or doctors8 ,b !y c\ld n mi/ake or dis[n _! mission m grossly--! high] mu/ n degrade itself to be ! tool ( ! l[]1 ! pa?os ( di/ance mu/ to all et]nity keep _! missions also sep>ate4 ,! "r ( ! happy to exi/5ce1 ! "r ( bells ) a full tone ov] ! discordant crack$ bells1 is v]ily a ?\s& times great]3 !y alone are ! sureties ( ! future1 !y alone are b\nd to man's future4 #afj-afa ,! ascetic prie/ mu/ be accept$ by u z ! pr$e/9$ savi\r1 h]dsman1 & *ampion ( ! sick h]d3 !reby d we fir/ und]/& 8 awful hi/oric mission4 #afb ,i suff]3 x mu/ be somebody's fault--s ?9ks e sick %eep4 ,b 8 h]dsman1 ! ascetic prie/1 says to him1 ,q s1 my %eep1 x mu/ be ! fault ( "s "o2 b ?\ ?yself art t "s "o1 x is all ! fault ( ?yself alone--x is ! fault ( ?yself alone aga9/ ?yself3 t is bold en\gh1 false en\gh1 b "o ?+ is at lea/ atta9$2 !reby1 z ,i h said1 ! c\rse ( res5tm5t is--div]t$4 #afe ,all sick & diseas$ p /rive in/9ctively aft] a h]d-organisation1 out ( a desire to %ake (f _! s5se ( oppressive discom=t & weakness2 ! ascetic prie/ div9es ?is in/9ct & promotes x2 :]ev] a h]d exi/s x is ! in/9ct ( weakness :i* has wi%$ = ! h]d1 & ! clev]ness ( ! prie/s :i* has organis$ x1 =1 m>k ?is3 by an equally natural necessity ! /rong /rive z mu* = isolation z ! weak = union3 :5 ! =m] b9d !mselves x is only ) a view to an aggressive jo9t action & jo9t satisfaction ( _! ,w = ,p[]1 mu* aga9/ ! wi%es ( _! individual consci5ces2 ! latt]1 on ! contr>y1 range !mselves toge!r ) positive delight 9 su* a mu/]--_! in/9cts are z mu* gratifi$ !reby z ! in/9cts ( ! born ma/] 7t is ! solit>y bea/-(-prey species ( man7 are di/urb$ & w\nd$ to ! quick by organisation4 #agf-agg ,! keynote by :i* ! ascetic prie/ 0 enabl$ to get e k9d ( agonis+ & ec/atic music to play on ! fibres ( ! human s\l--01 z e "o kn[s1 ! exploitation ( ! feel+ ( guilt4 #ahb ,! ascetic ideal & its sublime moral cult1 ?is mo/ +5i\s1 reckless1 & p]il\s sy/matisation ( all me?ods ( emotional excess1 is writ l>ge 9 a dreadful & un=gettable fa%ion on ! :ole hi/ory ( man1 & un=tunately n only on hi/ory4 ,i 0 sc>cely able to put =w>d any o!r elem5t :i* attack$ ! heal? & race effici5cy ( ,europeans ) m de/ructive p[] ?an did ?is ideal2 x c be dubb$1 )\t exagg]ation1 ! real fatality 9 ! hi/ory ( ! heal? ( ! ,european man4 #ahf-ahg ,! ascetic ideal has corrupt$ n only heal? & ta/e1 !re are also ?ird1 f\r?1 fif?1 & six? ?+s :i* x has corrupt$--,i %all take c>e n to g ?r\gh ! catalogue 7:5 %\ld ,i get to ! end874 #aij ,! p]iods 9 a nation 9 :i* ! le>n$ man comes into prom95ce2 !y are ! p]iods ( exhau/ion1 (t5 ( sunset1 ( decay--! eff]vesc+ /r5g?1 ! confid5ce ( life1 ! confid5ce 9 ! future are no m4 ,! prepond]ance ( ! m&>9s nev] signifies any good1 any m ?an does ! adv5t ( democracy1 or arbitration in/ead ( w>1 equal rights = wom51 ! religion ( pity1 & all ! o!r symptoms ( decl9+ life4 #bjj ,! ascetic ideal simply means ?is3 t some?+ 0 lack+1 t a trem5d\s void encircl$ man--he did n "k h[ to ju/ify himself1 to expla9 himself1 to affirm himself1 he suff]$ f ! problem ( 8 own mean+4 ,he suff]$ also 9 o!r ways1 he 0 9 ! ma9 a diseas$ animal2 b 8 problem 0 n suff]+ itself1 b ! lack ( an answ] to t cry+ "q1 ,to :at purpose d we suff]8 ,man1 ! brave/ animal & ! "o mo/ inur$ to suff]+1 does n repudiate suff]+ 9 itself3 he wills x1 he ev5 seeks x out1 provid$ t he is %[n a mean+ = x1 a purpose ( suff]+ 0 ! curse :i* till !n lay spread ov] humanity--& ! ascetic ideal gave x a mean+6 ,x 0 up till !n ! only mean+2 b any mean+ is bett] ?an no mean+2 ! ascetic ideal 0 9 t connection ! faute de mieux p> excell5ce t exi/$ at t "t4 ,9 t ideal suff]+ f\nd an explanation2 ! trem5d\s gap seem$ fill$2 ! door to all suicidal ,nihilism 0 clos$4 ,! explanation--!re is no d\bt ab\t x--br\ght 9 its tra9 new suff]+1 deep]1 m p5etrat+1 m v5om\s1 gnaw+ m brutally into life3 x br\ght all suff]+ "u ! p]spective ( guilt2 b 9 spite ( all t--man 0 sav$ !reby1 he _h a mean+1 & f h5ce=? 0 no m l a leaf 9 ! w9d1 a %uttlecock1 ( *ance1 ( nons5se1 he c\ld n[ w some?+--absolutely immat]ial to :at end1 to :at purpose1 ) t means he wi%$3 ! w itself 0 sav$4 ,x is absolutely impossible to disguise :at 9 po9t ( fact is made cle> by e complete w t has tak5 its direction f ! ascetic ideal3 ?is hate ( ! human1 & ev5 m ( ! animal1 & m /ill ( ! mat]ial1 ?is horror ( ! s5ses1 ( reason itself1 ?is fe> ( happ9ess & beauty1 ?is desire to get "r away f all illusion1 *ange1 gr[?1 dea?1 wi%+ & ev5 desir+--all ?is means--let u h ! c\rage to grasp x--a w = ,no?+ness1 a w oppos$ to life1 a repudiation ( ! mo/ fundam5tal conditions ( life1 b x is & rema9s a w6--& to say at ! end t :i* ,i said at ! beg9n+--man w wi% ,no?+ness r ?an n wi% at all4 #baj-baa ,,ix ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols ,nietzs*e foll[$ ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals ) ,! ,case ( ,wagn]1 t fam\s pamphlet 9 :i* he excoriat$ ! creator ( ,p>sifal4 ,imm$iately aft] ! publication ( ?is attack1 he began "w on :at 0 to be /ill ano!r prep>atory book = ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,= its title he fir/ *ose ,idle ,h\rs ( a ,psy*ologi/4 ,! book1 a brief "o1 0 already on ! presses :5 he *ang$ ! caption to ,gtz5dmm]ung--,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols--a titul> p>ody on ,wagn]'s ,gtt]dmm]ung ,= a subtitle he app5d$ a *>act]i/ically ,nietzs*ean phrase--,h[ to ,philosophise ) ! ,hamm]4 ,! writ+ ( ?is "w 0 done ) great rapidity3 x 0 accompli%$ 9 b a few days dur+ ,augu/1 #ahhh4 ,9 ,septemb] x 0 s5t to ! publi%]1 b dur+ its pr9t+ ,nietzs*e add$ a *apt] head$ ,:at ! ,g]mans ,lack1 & sev]al aphorisms to ! section call$ ,skirmi%es 9 a ,w> ) ! ,age4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahhi1 ! book appe>$4 ,nietzs*e 0 !n /rick5 ) 8 fatal illness1 & ?is 0 ! la/ book ( 8 to appe> dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,! ,anti*ri/ 0 already f9i%$1 hav+ be5 writt5 9 ! fall ( #ahhh imm$iately aft] ! completion ( ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols4 ,ecce ,homo 8 autobiography1 0 writt5 9 ,octob]1 #ahhh2 & dur+ ,decemb] ,nietzs*e aga9 gave 8 att5tion to ,wagn]1 draft+ ,nietzs*e contra ,wagn]1 a pamphlet made up entirely ( exc]pts f 8 e>li] writ+s4 ,?is "w1 int5d$ to supplem5t ,! ,case ( ,wagn]1 0 n publi%$ until #ahie1 al?\gh x _h be5 pr9t$ & correct$ be=e ! au?or's f9al breakd[n4 ,! ,anti*ri/ appe>$ at ! same "t z ?is second ,wagn] docum5t1 :ile ,ecce ,homo 0 )held f publication until #aijh4 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols sold #i1jjj copies1 b ,nietzs*e's m9d 0 too cl\d$ to "k or c>e t at la/ he 0 com+ into 8 own1 t ! public :i* _h d5i$ him s long _h f9ally begun to op5 its eyes to 8 greatness4 ,9 _m ways ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols is "o ( ,nietzs*e's mo/ brilliant books4 ,be+ m compact1 x consequ5tly possesses a great] degree ( precision & cl>ity ?an is f\nd 9 8 m analytical writ+s4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 a treatise to :i* "o may g )\t consid]able prep>ation4 ,) ! exception ( ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 x dem&s m on ! "p ( ! read] ?an any ( ,nietzs*e's o!r books4 ,x is1 = ! mo/ "p1 compos$ ( conclusions & comm5ts :i* gr[ directly out ( ! labori\s e?ical rese>* ( 8 prec$+ volumes1 & presupposes 9 ! /ud5t an enorm\s am\nt ( read+1 n only ( ,nietzs*e's own writ+s b ( philosophical works 9 g5]al4 ,b once equipp$ ) ?is prep>ation1 "o w f9d m ( contempor>y int]e/ 9 x ?an 9 ! closely organis$ books su* z ,beyond ,good & ,evil & ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals4 ,!re are few po9ts 9 ,nietzs*e's philosophy n f\nd "h4 ,= a compact expression ( 8 entire tea*+ ,i "k ( no bett] book to :i* "o might turn4 ,nietzs*e himself1 to judge f a passage 9 8 ,ecce ,homo int5d$ ?is book z a /atem5t ( 8 :ole e?ical sy/em4 ,he probably meant t x %\ld pres5t 9 toto ! pr9cipal data ( 8 =ego+ /udies1 9 ord] t ! read] might be famili> ) all ! /eps 9 8 philosophy be=e sett+ =? ^u ! =midable doctr9es ( ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,obvi\sly1 !re=e1 x is n a book = beg9n]s4 ,be+ expositional r ?an argum5tative1 x is op5 to misund]/&+ & mis9t]pretation4 ,x conta9s app>5t contradictions :i* might confuse ! /ud5t :o has n foll[$ ,nietzs*e 9 ! successive po9ts :i* l$ to 8 conclusions1 & :o is unfamili> ) ! exact def9itions atta*$ to c]ta9 words relat+ to human conduct4 ,o!r qualities ( a mislead+ nature are to be enc\nt]$ 9 ?is book4 ,_m ( ! p>agraphs h ab\t !m an air ( m]e clev]ness1 al?\gh 9 reality !y embody pr(\nd concepts4 ,! read] ignorant ( ! inn] s]i\sness ( ,nietzs*e w accept ^! passages only at _! surface value4 ,( ! =ty-f\r %ort epigrams :i* comprise ! op5+ *apt]1 ,i h app5d$ b ?ree1 = fe> !y w\ld be judg$ solely by _! sup]ficial *>act]i/ics4 ,_m ( ! o!r aphorisms ?r\gh\t ! book l5d !mselves all too easily to ! same n>r[ judgm5t4 ,aga91 ,! ,problem ( ,socrates1 ! second division ( ! book1 because ( its pr(undity1 pres5ts _m difficulties to ! unprep>$ /ud5t4 ,"h is a criticism ( ! ,socratic ideals :i* requires1 9 ord] t x be intellig5tly grasp$1 n only a wide g5]al k1 b also a specific tra9+ 9 ! uproot+ ( prejudices & ( traditional e?ical conceptions--su* a tra9+ z c be acquir$ only by a close /udy ( ,nietzs*e's own de/ructive works4 ,! explanation ( ,socrates's p[]1 ! condemnation ( t anci5t philosoph]'s subtle glorification ( ! canaille1 ! reasons = 8 secret fasc9ation1 & ! int]pretation ( 8 :ole m5tal progress culm9at+ 9 8 dea?--all ?is is pr(\nd & categorical criticism :i* has its roots 9 ! v fundam5tals ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy4 ,b because x is s deep-root$1 x !re=e pres5ts a wide & all-inclusive vi/a ( t philosophy f :i* x /ems4 ,fur!rmore1 ?is criticism ( ,socrates poses a specific problem :i* c be answ]$ only by resort+ to ! doctr9es :i* und]lie ,nietzs*e's entire ?\ght4 ,9 l mann] ! *apt]1 ,reason 9 ,philosophy1 is und]/&able only 9 ! light ( ^? inve/igations set =? 9 ,beyond ,good & ,evil4 ,"u ! caption1 ,! ,f\r ,great ,errors1 ,nietzs*e uproots a s]ies ( correlat$ beliefs :i* h ! accumulat$ impetus ( c5turies ( acceptance beh9d !m4 ,^! errors1 z /at$1 are 7#a7 ! error ( ! confusion ( cause & effect1 7#b7 ! error ( false causality1 7#c7 ! error ( imag9>y causes1 & 7#d7 ! error ( free w4 ,! eradication ( ^! errors is necess>y = a complete acceptance ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy4 ,b unless "o is famili> ) ! va/ am\nt ( criticism :i* has l$ up to ! pres5t discussion ( !m1 "o w exp]i5ce difficulty 9 foll[+ ! subtly drawn argum5ts & analogies pres5t$ aga9/ !m4 ,to demon/rate briefly ! specific application ( ! fir/ error1 namely3 ! confusion ( cause & effect1 ,i (f] an analogy /at$ 9 ! passage4 ,we "k t ,*ri/ian morality tea*es u t a p p]i% ?r\gh vice & luxury--t is to say1 t ^! two conditions are causes ( racial deg5]ation4 ,nietzs*e's cont5tion to ! contr>y is t :5 a nation is approa*+ physiological deg5]ation1 vice & luxury result 9 ! guise ( /imuli adopt$ by exhau/$ natures4 ,by ?is x c be se5 h[ ! ,*ri/ian consci5ce is develop$ by a misund]/&+ ( causes2 & x c also be se5 h[ ?is error may affect ! v f\ndation on :i* morality is built4 ,i am "h /at+ m]ely ! conclusion3 = ! reasons lead+ up to ?is conclusion "o mu/ g to ! book direct4 ,nietzs*e d5ies ! embodim5t ( ! motive ( an action 9 ! inn] facts ( consci\sness :]e1 s we h be5 taught by psy*ologi/s & physici/s1 ! responsibilities ( conduct are conta9$4 ,! w itself1 he argues1 is n a motivat+ =ce2 r is x an effect ( o!r deep] causes4 ,?is is :at he discusses 9 8 p>agraphs deal+ ) ! second error ( false causality4 ,9 8 criticism ( ! ?ird error relat+ to imag9>y causes1 he po9ts to ! com=t we obta9 by attribut+ a c]ta9 unexpla9$ fact to a famili> cause--by trac+ x to a commonplace s\rce--!reby do+ away ) its seem+ my/]y4 ,?us ord9>y maladies or afflictions1 or1 to c>ry ! case into moral regions1 mis=tunes & unacc\ntable /rokes ( fate1 are expla9$ by f9d+ trite & plausible reasons = _! exi/5ce4 ,z a consequ5ce ! habit ( po/ulat+ causes becomes a fix$ m5tal habit4 ,9 ! great majority ( cases1 & especially 9 ! doma9 ( morality & religion1 ! causes are false1 inasmu* z ! op]ation ( f9d+ !m dep5ds on ! m5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! se>*]4 ,! error ( free w ,nietzs*e attributes to ! !ologians' attempt to make mank9d responsible = its acts & !re=e am5able to puni%m5t4 ,i h be5 able to pres5t 8 own words 9 explanation ( ?is error1 & !y w be f\nd at ! end ( ?is *apt]--#da-db & #dc4 ,9 ,skirmi%es 9 a ,w> ) ! ,age1 ! longe/ section 9 ! book1 ,nietzs*e gives u mu* brilliant & incisive criticism ( m51 art & human attributes4 ,he is "h at 8 be/1 bo? 9 cl>ity ( m9d & 9 8 mann] ( expression4 ,?is passage1 "o ( ! la/ ?+s to come f 8 p51 conta9s ! full rip5ess ( 8 nature1 & is a portion ( 8 "w :i* no /ud5t c af=d to ov]look4 ,x conta9s ! :ole ( ! ,nietzs*ean philosophy appli$ to ! conditions ( 8 age4 ,because x is n a direct voic+ ( 8 doctr9es x does n l5d itself to mutilation except :]e x t\*es on pr9ciples ( conduct & ab/ract aspects ( morality4 ,_m ( ! mo/ widely read passages ( all ( ,nietzs*e's "w are conta9$ 9 x4 ,b "h aga91 z 9 ! case ( ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 "o regrets t ! surface brilliance ( its /yle attract$ read]s 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica be=e ^! nations 7 acqua9t$ ) ! books :i* came be=e4 ,! casual read]1 unfamili> ) ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ,nietzs*e's e?ic1 w see only a bold & satanic flippancy 9 8 def9ition ( ,zola--! love ( /9k+1 or 9 8 *>act]isation ( ,george ,s& z ! c[ ) pl5ty ( beautiful milk1 or 9 8 bracket+ ( tea-groc]s1 ,*ri/ians1 c[s1 wom51 ,engli%m5 & o!r democrats4 ,yet x is significant t ,nietzs*e did n v5ture ^u ^! rem>ks until he _h ! great bulk ( 8 life's "w beh9d him4 ,9 ?is *apt] are discussions ( ,r5an1 ,sa9te-,beuve1 ,george ,eliot1 ,george ,s&1 ,em]son1 ,c>lyle1 ,d>w91 ,s*op5hau]1 ,goe! & o!r fam\s m5 & wom54 ,9 ! %ort essays devot$ to ^! writ]s we h1 h[ev]1 m ?an m]e deta*$ valuations4 ,b5ea? all ! criticisms is a rationale ( judgm5t bas$ on def9ite philosophical doctr9es4 ,?is same basis ( appreciation is pres5t 9 ! discussion ( art & arti/s1 to :i* subjects _m pages are devot$4 ,9 fact1 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols conta9s mo/ ( ! art !ories & /hetic doctr9es :i* ,nietzs*e advanc$4 ,he def9es ! psy*ology ( ! arti/1 & draws ! l9e betwe5 ! two concepts1 ,apollonian & ,dionysian1 z appli$ to art4 ,he analyses ! mean+ ( beauty & ugl9ess1 & endeav\rs to %[ 9 :at mann] ! conceptions ( ^! qualities are relat$ to ! racial in/9cts4 ,he also inquires into ! doctr9e ( l'art p\r l'art & po9ts out :]e9 x fails 9 its purpose4 ,a valuable explanation ( g5ius is put =? 9 ! !ory t ! accumulative p[] ( g5]ations breaks =? 9 ! great m5 ( a nation1 & t ^! great m5 m>k ! end ( an age1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! mo/ significant brief essay 9 ?is section is an answ] made to c]ta9 critics :o1 9 review+ ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 claim$ a sup]iority = ! pres5t age ov] ! old] civilisations4 ,nietzs*e calls ?is essay ,h ,we ,become ,moral8 & proce$s to make comp>isons ( contemporane\s virtues ) ^? ( ! anci5ts4 ,he d5ies t to-day1 )\t our decrepit humanit>ianism & our doctr9es ( weakness1 we w\ld be able to )/&1 ei!r n]v\sly or muscul>ly1 ! conditions t prevail$ dur+ ! ,r5aissance4 ,he po9ts out t our morals are ^? ( s5ility1 & t we h det]iorat$1 physically z well z m5tally1 z a result ( an adh]5ce to a code ( morality inv5t$ to meet ! ne$s ( a weak & impov]i%$ p4 ,our virtues1 he says1 are det]m9$ & /imulat$ by our weakness1 s t we h come to admire ! moralities ( ! slave1 ! mo/ prom95t among :i* is ! doctr9e ( equality4 ,9 ! decl9e ( all ! positive =ces ( life ,nietzs*e sees only racial decad5ce4 ,9 ?is reg>d x is important to take note ( "o ( ! passages relative to ! discussion ( ?is decad5ce1 namely3 ! "o :]e9 he *>act]ises ! an>*i/ z ! m\?piece ( ! decay+ /rata ( society4 ,! appellation ( an>*i/ has n infrequ5tly be5 appli$ to ,nietzs*e himself by ^? :o h read him sup]ficially or ^: acqua9tance ) him has be5 ! result ( di/ort$ he>say4 ,i "k ( no bett] analysis ( an>*i/ic motives or ( no ke5] dissection ( an>*i/ic weakness ?an is set =? "h4 ,nor d ,i "k ( any bett] answ] to ^? critics :o h accus$ ,nietzs*e ( an>*y1 ?an ! criticism conta9$ 9 ?is passage4 ,9 a f9al *apt]1 "u ! caption ( ,?+s ,i ,owe to ! ,anci5ts1 ,nietzs*e outl9es ! inspirational s\rce ( _m ( 8 doctr9es & lit]>y habits4 ,?is *apt] is important only to ! /ud5t :o wi%es to g to ! remot] influ5ces 9 ,nietzs*e's writ+s1 & = t reason ,i h omitt$ f ! foll[+ exc]pts any quotation f x4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,! ,,twilight ,,( ,,! ,,idols ,man ?9ks woman pr(\nd--:y8 ,because he c nev] fa?om h] dep?s4 ,woman is n ev5 %all[4 #e ,! trodd5 worm curls up4 ,?is te/ifies to its caution4 ,x ?us r$uces its *ances ( be+ trodd5 ^u aga94 ,9 ! language ( morality3 ,humility4 #e-f ,! ,*ur* combats passion by means ( excision ( all k9ds3 its practise1 its rem$y1 is ca/ration4 ,x nev] inquires h[ c a desire be spiritualis$1 beautifi$1 deifi$8--,9 all ages x has laid ! weight ( discipl9e 9 ! process ( extirpation 7! extirpation ( s5suality1 pride1 lu/ ( dom9ion1 lu/ ( prop]ty1 & rev5ge74--,b to attack ! passions at _! roots1 means attack+ life itself at its s\rce3 ! me?od ( ! ,*ur* is ho/ile to life4 #bg ,only deg5]ates f9d radical me?ods indisp5sable3 weakness ( w1 or m /rictly speak+1 ! inability n to react to a /imulus1 is 9 itself simply ano!r =m ( deg5]acy4 ,radical & mortal ho/ility to s5suality1 rema9s a suspici\s symptom3 x ju/ifies "o 9 be+ suspici\s ( ! g5]al /ate ( "o :o goes to su* extremes4 #bg ,a man is productive only 9 s f> z he is ri* 9 contra/$ in/9cts2 he c rema9 "y only on condition t 8 s\l does n beg9 to take ?+s easy & to ye>n = peace4 #bh-bi ,all naturalism is morality--t is to say1 e s\nd morality is rul$ by a life in/9ct--any "o ( ! laws ( life is fulfill$ by ! def9ite canon ?\ %alt1 ?\ %alt n1 & any sort ( ob/acle or ho/ile elem5t 9 ! road ( life is ?us cle>$ away4 ,conv]sely1 ! morality :i* is antagoni/ic to nature--t is to say1 almo/ e morality t has be5 taught1 hon\r$ & prea*$ hi!rto1 is direct$ precisely aga9/ ! life-in/9cts4444 #cj ,morality1 z x has be5 und]/ood hi!rto1 is ! in/9ct ( deg5]ation itself1 :i* conv]ts itself into an imp]ative3 x says3 ,p]i%6 ,x is ! dea? s5t5ce ( m5 :o are already doom$4 #ca ,morality1 9 s f> x condemns p] se1 & n out ( any aim1 consid]ation or motive ( life1 is a specific error1 = :i* no "o %\ld feel any m]cy1 a deg5]ate idiosyncrasy1 t has done an unutt]able am\nt ( h>m4 #cb ,e mi/ake is 9 e s5se ! sequel to deg5]ation ( ! in/9cts to dis9tegration ( ! w4 ,?is is almo/ ! def9ition ( evil4 #ce ,morality & religion are completely & utt]ly p>ts ( ! psy*ology ( error3 9 e p>ticul> case cause & effect are conf\nd$4 #da ,at pres5t we no long] h any m]cy ^u ! concept free-w3 we "k only too well :at x is--! mo/ egregi\s !ological trick t has ev] exi/$ = ! purpose ( mak+ mank9d responsible 9 a !ological mann]--t is to say1 to make mank9d dep5d5t ^u !ologians4 #da ,! doctr9e ( ! w 0 inv5t$ pr9cipally = ! purpose ( puni%m5t1--t is to say1 ) ! int5tion ( trac+ guilt4 ,! :ole ( anci5t psy*ology1 or ! psy*ology ( ! w1 is ! outcome ( ! fact t its orig9ators1 :o 7 ! prie/s at ! head ( anci5t communities1 want$ to create = !mselves a "r to adm9i/] puni%m5ts--or ! "r = ,god to d s4 ,m5 7 ?\ght ( z free 9 ord] t !y might be held guilty4444 #db ,! fact t no "o %all any long] be made responsible1 t ! nature ( exi/5ce may n be trac$ to a causa prima1 t ! _w is an entity nei!r z a s5sorium nor z a _s--?is alone is ! great deliv]ance1--?us alone is ! innoc5ce ( ,becom+ re/or$4 444 ,! concept ,god has be5 ! greate/ objection to exi/5ce hi!rto4444 ,we d5y ,god1 we d5y responsibility 9 ,god3 ?us alone d we save ! _w4 #dc ,moral judgm5t has ?is 9 common ) ! religi\s "o1 t x believes 9 realities :i* are n real4 ,morality is only an int]pretation ( c]ta9 ph5om5a3 or m /rictly speak+1 a mis9t]pretation ( !m4 ,moral judgm5t1 l ! religi\s "o1 belongs to a /age ( ignorance 9 :i* ev5 ! concept ( reality1 ! di/9ction betwe5 real & imag9$ ?+s1 is /ill lack+4444 #dd ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 dur+ :i* ! ,*ur* 0 mo/ di/9ctly & above all a m5ag]ie1 ! mo/ beautiful examples ( ! blond bea/ 7 hunt$ d[n 9 all directions1--! noble ,g]mans1 = in/ance1 7 improv$4 ,b :at did ?is improv$ ,g]man1 :o _h be5 lur$ to ! mona/]y look l aft] ! process8 ,he look$ l a c>icature ( man1 l an abortion3 he _h become a s9n]1 he 0 cag$ up1 he _h be5 imprison$ beh9d a ho/ ( appall+ notions4 ,he n[ lay !re1 sick1 wret*$1 malevol5t ev5 t[>d himself3 full ( hate = ! in/9cts ( life1 full ( suspicion 9 reg>d to all t is /ill /rong & happy4 ,9 %ort a ,*ri/ian4 ,9 physiological t]ms3 9 a fight ) an animal1 ! only way ( mak+ x weak may be to make x sick4 ,! ,*ur* und]/ood ?is3 x ru9$ man1 x made him weak1--b x laid claim to hav+ improv$ him4 #de-df ,all means :i* h be5 us$ h]et(ore ) ! object ( mak+ man moral1 7 ?r\gh & ?r\gh immoral4 #di ,my impossible p--,s5eca1 or ! toreador ( virtue4--,r\sseau1 or ! return to nature1 9 impuris naturalibus4--,s*ill]1 or ! ,moral ,trumpet] ( ,sck+54--,dante1 or ! hyna t writes poetry 9 tombs4--,kant1 or cant z an intelligible "*4--,victor ,hugo1 or ! ligh?\se on ! sea ( nons5se4--,liszt1 or ! s*ool ( rac+--aft] wom54--,george ,s&1 or lactea ub]tas1 9 pla9 ,engli%3 ! c[ ) pl5ty beautiful milk4--,mi*elet1 or en?usiasm 9 its %irt sleeves4--,c>lyle1 or ,pessimism aft] undige/$ meals4--,john ,/u>t ,mill1 or (f5sive lucidity4--,! bro!rs ,gonc\rt1 or ! two ,ajaxes fight+ ) ,hom]4 ,music by ,(f5ba*4--,zola1 or ! love ( /9k+4 #fj ,= art to be possible at all--t is to say1 9 ord] t an /hetic mode ( action & ( obs]vation may exi/1 a c]ta9 prelim9>y physiological /ate is indisp5sable3 ec/asy4 ,?is /ate ( ec/asy mu/ fir/ h int5sifi$ ! susceptibility ( ! :ole ma*9e3 o!rwise1 no art is possible4 ,all k9ds ( ec/asy1 h[ev] diff]5tly produc$1 h ?is p[] to create art1 & above all ! /ate dep5d5t ^u sexual excitem5t--?is mo/ v5]able & primitive =m ( ec/asy4 ,! same applies to t ec/asy :i* is ! outcome ( all great desires1 all /rong passions2 ! ec/asy ( ! fea/1 ( ! ar5a1 ( ! act ( brav]y1 ( victory1 ( all extreme action2 ! ec/asy ( cruelty2 ! ec/asy ( de/ruction2 ! ec/asy foll[+ ^u c]ta9 meteorological influ5ces1 z = in/ance t ( spr+time1 or ^u ! use ( n>cotics2 & f9ally ! ec/asy ( w1 t ec/asy :i* results f accumulat$ & surg+ w-p[]4 #fh-fh ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! anti!tical concepts ,apollonian & ,dionysian :i* ,i h introduc$ into ! vocabul>y ( /hetic1 z repres5t+ two di/9ct modes ( ec/asy8--,apollonian ec/asy acts above all z a =ce /imulat+ ! eye1 s t x acquires ! p[] ( vision4 ,! pa9t]1 ! sculptor1 ! epic poet are ess5tially vision>ies4 ,9 ! ,dionysian /ate1 on ! o!r h&1 ! :ole sy/em ( passions is /imulat$ & int5sifi$1 s t x dis*>ges itself by all ! means ( expression at once1 & v5ts all its p[] ( repres5tation1 ( imitation1 ( transfiguration1 ( trans=mation1 toge!r ) e k9d ( mimicry & hi/rionic display at ! same "t4 #fg-fh ,z to ! fam\s /ruggle = exi/5ce1 x seems to me1 = ! pres5t1 to be m ( an assumption ?an a fact4 ,x does occur1 b z an exception4 ,! g5]al condition ( life is n "o ( want or fam9e1 b r ( ri*es1 ( lavi% luxuriance1 & ev5 ( absurd prodigality1--:]e !re is a /ruggle1 x is a /ruggle = p[]4 #ga ,! mo/ intellectual m51 provid$ !y are also ! mo/ c\rage\s1 exp]i5ce ! mo/ excruciat+ trag$ies3 b on t v acc\nt !y hon\r life1 because x confronts !m ) its m =midable antagonism4 #gc ,:5 ! an>*i/1 z ! m\?piece ( ! decay+ /rata ( society1 raises 8 voice 9 spl5did indignation = "r1 ju/ice1 equal rights1 he is only groan+ "u ! burd5 ( 8 ignorance1 :i* _c und]/& :y he actually suff]s1--:at 8 pov]ty consi/s (--! pov]ty ( life4 #hf ,to bewail "o's lot is always despicable3 x is always ! outcome ( weakness4 ,:e!r "o ascribes "o's afflictions to o!rs or to "o's self1 x is all ! same4 ,! sociali/ does ! =m]1 ! ,*ri/ian1 = in/ance1 does ! latt]4 ,t :i* is common to bo? attitudes1 or r t :i* is equally ignoble 9 !m bo?1 is ! fact t somebody mu/ be to blame if "o suff]s--9 %ort t ! suff]] drugs himself ) ! honey ( rev5ge to allay 8 angui%4 #hf ,:y a ,beyond1 if x be n a means ( spla%+ mud ov] a ,"h1 ov] ?is _w8 #hg ,an altrui/ic morality1 a morality "u :i* selfi%ness )]s1 is 9 all circum/ances a bad sign4 ,?is is true ( individuals & above all ( nations4 ,! be/ are lack+ :5 selfi%ness beg9s to be lack+4 ,in/9ctively to select t :i* is h>mful to "o1 to be lur$ by dis9t]e/$ motives1--^! ?+s almo/ provide ! =mula = decad5ce4 ,n to h "o's own int]e/s at he>t--?is is simply a moral fig-leaf conceal+ a v diff]5t fact1 a physiological "o1 to wit3--,i no long] "k h[ to f9d :at is to my int]e/4444 ,dis9tegration ( ! in/9cts6--,all is up ) man :5 he becomes altrui/ic4 #hg ,"o %\ld die pr\dly :5 x is no long] possible to live pr\dly4 ,dea? %\ld be *os5 freely1--dea? at ! "r "t1 fac$ cle>ly & joyfully & embrac$ :ile "o is surr\nd$ by "o's *ildr5 & o!r witnesses4 ,x %\ld be affect$ 9 su* a way t a prop] f>ewell is /ill possible1 t he :o is ab\t to take leave ( u is /ill himself1 & really capable n only ( valu+ :at he has a*iev$ & will$ 9 life1 b also ( summ+-up ! value ( life itself4 ,ev]y?+ precisely ! opposite ( ! gha/ly com$y :i* ,*ri/ianity has made ( ! h\r ( dea?4 ,we %\ld nev] =give ,*ri/ianity = hav+ s abus$ ! weakness ( ! dy+ man z to d viol5ce to 8 consci5ce1 or = hav+ us$ 8 mann] ( dy+ z a means ( valu+ bo? man & 8 pa/6--,9 spite ( all c[>dly prejudices1 x is our duty1 9 ?is respect1 above all to re9/ate ! prop]--t is to say1 ! physiological1 aspect ( s-call$ natural dea?1 :i* aft] all is p]fectly unnatural & no?+ else ?an suicide4 ,"o nev] p]i%es ?r\gh anybody's fault b "o's own4 ,! only ?+ is t ! dea? :i* takes place 9 ! mo/ contemptible circum/ances1 ! dea? t is n free1 ! dea? :i* occurs at ! wrong "t1 is ! dea? ( a c[>d4 ,out ( ! v love "o be>s to life1 "o %\ld wi% dea? to be diff]5t f ?is--t is to say1 free1 delib]ate1 & nei!r a matt] ( *ance nor ( surprise4 ,f9ally let me :isp] a ^w ( advice to our fri5ds ! pessimi/s & all o!r decad5ts4 ,we h n ! p[] to prev5t ourselves f be+ born3 b ?is error--= sometimes x is an error--c be rectifi$ if we *oose4 ,! man :o does away ) himself p]=ms ! mo/ e/imable ( de$s3 he almo/ des]ves to live = hav+ done s4 #hh-hi ,! decl9e ( ! in/9cts ( ho/ility & ( ^? in/9cts t ar\se suspicion1--= ?is if any?+ is :at con/itutes our progress--is only "o ( ! results manife/$ by ! g5]al decl9e 9 vitality3 x requires a hundr$ times m tr\ble & caution to live su* a dep5d5t & s5ile exi/5ce4 ,9 su* circum/ances ev]ybody gives ev]ybody else a help+ h&1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ev]ybody is ei!r an invalid or an invalid's att5dant4 ,?is is !n call$ virtue3 among ^? m5 :o knew a diff]5t life--t is to say1 a full]1 m prodigal1 m sup]abundant sort ( life1 x might h be5 call$ by ano!r "n1--possibly c[>dice1 or vil5ess1 or old woman's morality4 #ia-ib ,ages %\ld be measur$ accord+ to _! positive =ces2--valu$ by ?is /&>d t prodigal & fateful age ( ! ,r5aissance1 appe>s z ! la/ great age1 :ile we mod]ns ) our anxi\s c>e ( ourselves & love ( our neighb\rs1 ) all our unassum+ virtues ( indu/ry1 equity1 & sci5tific me?od--) our lu/ ( collection1 ( economy & ( me*anism--repres5t a weak age4 #ic ,lib]alism1 or1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 ! trans=mation ( mank9d into cattle4 #id ,fre$om is ! w to be responsible = ourselves4 ,x is to pres]ve ! di/ance :i* sep>ates u f o!r m54 ,to gr[ m indiff]5t to h>d%ip1 to sev]ity1 to privation1 & ev5 to life itself4 ,to be ready to sacrifice m5 = "o's cause1 "o's self includ$4 ,fre$om d5otes t ! virile in/9cts :i* rejoice 9 w> & 9 victory1 prevail ov] o!r in/9cts2 = in/ance1 ov] ! in/9cts ( happ9ess4 ,! man :o has won 8 fre$om1 & h[ mu* m s1 !re=e1 ! _s t has won 8 fre$om1 tramples ru?lessly ^u t contemptible k9d ( com=t :i* tea-groc]s1 ,*ri/ians1 c[s1 wom51 ,engli%m5 & o!r democrats wor%ip 9 _! dreams4 ,! free man is a w>rior4 #id-ie ,by %[+ ev] m & m fav\r to love-m>riages1 ! v f\ndation ( matrimony1 t :i* alone makes x an in/itution1 has be5 und]m9$4 ,no in/itution ev] has be5 nor ev] w be built ^u an idiosyncrasy2 z ,i say1 m>riage _c be bas$ ^u love4 #ig-ih ,! m]e fact t !re is su* a ?+ z ! "q ( ! work+-man is due to /upidity1 or at bottom to deg5]ate in/9cts :i* are ! cause ( all ! /upidity ( mod]n times4 ,conc]n+ c]ta9 ?+s no que/ions ought to be put3 ! fir/ imp]ative pr9ciple ( in/9ct4 ,= ! life ( me ,i _c see :at p want to d ) ! work+-man ( ,europe2 n[ t !y h made a "q ( him4 ,he is f> too com=table to cease f que/ion+1 ev] m & m1 & ) ev] less mode/y4 ,aft] all1 he has ! majority on 8 side4 ,!re is n[ n ! slighte/ hope t an unassum+ & cont5t$ sort ( man1 aft] ! /yle ( ! ,*9aman1 w come into be+ 9 ?is qu>t]3 & ?is w\ld h be5 ! reasonable c\rse1 x 0 ev5 a dire necessity4 ,:at has be5 done8 ,ev]y?+ has be5 done ) ! view ( nipp+ ! v pre-requisite ( ?is accompli%m5t 9 ! bud1--) ! mo/ frivol\s ?\ghtlessness ^? self-same in/9cts by means ( :i* a work+-class becomes possible1 & tol]able ev5 to its memb]s !mselves1 h be5 de/roy$ root & bran*4 ,! work+-man has be5 decl>$ fit = milit>y s]vice2 he has be5 grant$ ! "r ( comb9ation1 & ( fran*ise3 c x be wond]$ at t he already reg>ds 8 condition z "o ( di/ress 7express$ morally1 z an inju/ice78 ,b1 aga9 ,i ask1 :at d p want8 ,if !y desire a c]ta9 end1 !n !y %\ld desire ! means !reto4 ,if !y w h slaves1 !n x is madness to educate !m to be ma/]s4 #ih-ii ,great m51 l great ages1 are explosive mat]ial1 9 :i* a /up5d\s am\nt ( p[] is accumulat$2 ! fir/ conditions ( _! exi/5ce are always hi/orical & physiological2 !y are ! outcome ( ! fact t = long ages en]gy has be5 collect$1 ho>d$ up1 sav$ up & pres]v$ = _! use1 & t no explosion has tak5 place4 ,:5 ! t5sion 9 ! bulk has become suffici5tly excessive1 ! mo/ =tuit\s /imulus suffices 9 ord] to call g5ius1 great de$s1 & mom5t\s fate into ! _w4 #aja-ajb ,! crim9al type is ! type ( ! /rong man & unfav\rable conditions1 a /rong man made sick4 ,he lacks ! wild & savage /ate1 a =m ( nature & exi/5ce :i* is fre] & m dang]\s1 9 :i* ev]y?+ t con/itutes ! %ield & ! sword 9 ! in/9ct ( ! /rong man1 takes a place by "r4 ,society puts a ban ^u 8 virtues2 ! mo/ spirit$ in/9cts inh]5t 9 him imm$iately become involv$ ) ! depress+ passions1 ) suspicion1 fe> & di%on\r4 ,b ?is is almo/ ! recipe = physiological deg5]ation4 ,:5 a man has to d t :i* he is be/ suit$ to d1 :i* he is mo/ fond ( do+1 n only cl&e/9ely1 b also ) long susp5se1 caution & ruse1 he becomes anmic2 & inasmu* z he is always hav+ to pay = 8 in/9cts 9 ! =m ( dang]1 p]secution & fatalities1 ev5 8 feel+s beg9 to turn aga9/ ^! in/9cts--he beg9s to reg>d !m z fatal4 ,x is society1 our tame1 m$iocre1 ca/rat$ society1 9 :i* an untutor$ son ( nature :o comes to u f 8 m\nta9s or f 8 adv5tures at sea1 mu/ necess>ily deg5]ate into a crim9al4 ,or almo/ necess>ily3 = !re are cases 9 :i* su* a man %[s himself to be /rong] ?an society3 ! ,corsican ,napoleon is ! mo/ celebrat$ case ( ?is4 #ajc-ajd ,z long z ! prie/ repres5t$ ! highe/ type ( man1 e valuable k9d ( man 0 depreciat$4444 ,! "t is com+--?is ,i gu>antee--:5 he w pass z ! l[e/ type1 z our ,*&ala1 z ! false/ & mo/ disreputable k9d ( man4 #aje ,ev]y?+ good is an inh]itance3 t :i* is n inh]it$ is imp]fect1 x is simply a beg9n+4 #ajg ,*ri/ianity ) its contempt ( ! body is ! greate/ mi%ap t has ev] befall5 mank9d4 #ajh ,i also speak ( a return to nature1 al?\gh x is n a process ( go+ back b ( go+ up--up into l(ty1 free & ev5 t]rible nature & naturalness2 su* a nature z c play ) great tasks & may play ) !m4 #ajh ,! doctr9e ( equality6444 ,b !re is no m deadly poison ?an ?is = x seems to proce$ f ! v lips ( ju/ice1 :]eas 9 reality x draws ! curta9 d[n on all ju/ice4444 ,to equals equality1 to unequals inequality--t w\ld be ! real spee* ( ju/ice & t :i* foll[s f x4 ,nev] make unequal ?+s equal4 ,! fact t s mu* horror & blood are associat$ ) ?is doctr9e ( equality1 has l5t ?is mod]n idea p> excell5ce su* a halo ( fire & glory1 t ! ,revolution z a drama has misl$ ev5 ! mo/ noble m9ds4 #ajh-aji ,x ,! ,anti*ri/ 7,d] ,anti*ri/7 0 writt5 9 ,septemb]1 #ahhh1 "w evid5tly hav+ be5 begun on x z soon z ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols _h be5 s5t to ! publi%]4 ,its composition c\ld n h occupi$ m ?an a few weeks at mo/1 = ! =m] book 0 n despat*$ until ,septemb] #g1 & ! pres5t "w 0 complet$ be=e ,octob]4 ,at ?is "t ,nietzs*e 0 work+ at high pressure4 ,he mu/ h _h "s pres5tim5t ( 8 imp5d+ breakd[n = he fill$ 9 e available m9ute ) ard5t & rapid writ+4 ,! fall ( #ahhh 0 ! mo/ prolific p]iod ( 8 life4 ,no less ?an f\r books ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 ,! ,anti*ri/1 ,nietzs*e contra ,wagn] & ,ecce ,homo--7 complet$ by him betwe5 ! late summ] & ! fir/ ( ! ye>2 & 9 addition to ?is he made _m notes = 8 future volumes & read & correct$ a consid]able am\nt ( pro(s4 ,! ,anti*ri/1 h[ev]1 ?\gh complet$ 9 #ahhh1 0 n publi%$ until ! end ( #ahid1 six ye>s aft] he _h laid aside 8 "w =ev]1 & at a "t :5 8 m9d 0 too d>k5$ to "k or c>e ab\t ! circum/ances ( its issuance4 ,x appe>$ 9 ,vol4 ,,xiii ( ,nietzs*es ,w]ke :i*1 al?\gh publi%$ at ! close ( #ahid1 bore ! date ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! ,anti*ri/ :i*1 l ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals & ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 =ms a "p ( ,nietzs*e's f9al philosophic s*eme1 0 int5d$--to judge f ! evid5ce conta9$ 9 8 notebooks--z ! fir/ division ( a "w to be entitl$ ,! ,trans valuation ( ,all ,values 7,die ,umw]tung ,all] ,w]te74 ,9 fact ?is title & also ,! ,w to ,p[] 7 consid]$ alt]nately = 8 magnum opus :i* he int5d$ writ+ aft] ! completion ( ,! ,transvaluation ( ,all ,values4 ,he f9ally decid$ on ! latt] title = 8 great "w1 al?\gh he us$ ! =m] caption z a subtitle4 ,! complete outl9e = ! volumes :i* 7 to be call$ ,! ,transvaluation ( ,all ,values & :i* 7 to be incorporat$ 9 8 f9al g5]al plan1 is z foll[s3 #a4 ,! ,anti*ri/4 ,an ,attempt$ ,criticism ( ,*ri/ianity4 7,d] ,anti*ri/3 ,v]su* e9] ,kritik des ,*ri/5?ums47 #b4 ,! ,free ,_s4 ,a ,criticism ( ,philosophy z a ,nihili/ic ,movem5t4 7,d] freie ,gei/3 ,kritik d] ,philosophie als e9] nihili/is*5 ,bewegung7 #c4 ,! ,immorali/4 ,a ,criticism ( ! ,mo/ ,fatal ,species ( ,ignorance1 ,morality4 7,d] ,immorali/3 ,kritik d] v]hngnissvoll/5 ,art von ,unwiss5heit1 d] ,moral7 #d4 ,dionysus1 ! ,philosophy ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce4 7,dionysus1 ,philosophie d] ewig5 ,wi$]kunft7 ,b ,nietzs*e did n f9i% ?is task1 al?\gh ,! ,anti*ri/ is 9 ! =m 9 :i* he int5d$ x to be publi%$4 ,nev]!less1 x mu/ be consid]$ m]ely z a fragm5t ( a mu* m ext5sive plan4 ,?\gh ,nietzs*e 0 f> f be+ ! fir/1 he yet 0 ! mo/ effective critic :o ev] wag$ w> aga9/ ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is 0 due to ! fact t he w5t ab\t 8 de/ructive "w f an entirely new angle4 ,be=e him !re _h be5 _m compet5t anti-,*ri/ian writ]s & sci5ti/s4 ,ev5 dur+ 8 own "t !re 0 a l>ge & l\d s*ool ( a!i/s at "w und]m9+ ! f\ndations ( ,naz>5e morality4 ,) ! me?ods ( 8 pr$ecessors & contempor>ies1 h[ev]1 he _h no?+ 9 common4 ,he saw t1 despite ! sci5tific d5ial ( ! miracles ( ,*ri/ianity & ! biological opposition to ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 ! !ologian 0 always able to reply to ! d5ial ( ,*ri/ian tru? ) ! c\nt]-argum5t ( ,*ri/ian practicability4 ,?us1 :ile ! reason+ ( su* m5 z ,d>w91 ,huxley & ,sp5c] held good s f> z ! sci5tific aspects ( ,*ri/ianity w5t1 ! results ( ,*ri/ianity 7 n involv$4 ,! *ur*1 meet+ ! onslaughts ( ! high] criticism1 d5i$ ! necessity ( a lit]al belief 9 ! ,gospels1 & ass]t$ t1 :ile all ! anti-,*ri/ian critics might be accurate 9 _! purely sci5tific & logical conclusions1 ,*ri/ianity itself z a workable code 0 /ill effici5t & des]v+ ( consid]ation z ! mo/ p]fect sy/em ( conduct ! _w _h ev] kn[n4 ,nietzs*e !re=e did n g into ! field already pl\gh$ by ,voltaire1 ,hume1 ,huxley1 ,sp5c]1 ,pa9e & a ho/ ( less] free ?9k]s4 ,! prelim9>y battles 9 ! great w>f>e aga9/ ,*ri/ianity _h already be5 won1 & he saw ! futility ( proce$+ along hi/orical & sci5tific l9es4 ,consequ5tly he turn$ 8 att5tion to a consid]ation ( ! effects ( ,*ri/ian morality ^u ! race1 to an inquiry into ! causes ( pity-morality1 & to a comp>ison ( moral codes 9 _! relation to ! ne$s ( humanity4 ,:e!r or n ! orig9s ( ,*ri/ianity con=m$ to biological laws did n conc]n him1 al?\gh he assum$ z 8 hypo!sis ! conclusions ( ! sci5tific inve/igators4 ,! only way ( det]m9+ ! m]its & dem]its ( ! ,*ri/ian code1 he argu$1 0 to asc]ta9 ! actual results ( its application1 & to comp>e ^! ) ! results :i* _h accru$ f ! application ( h>di] & heal?i] codes4 ,to ?is inve/igation ,nietzs*e devotes practically ! :ole ( ,! ,anti*ri/1 al?\gh !re are a few analytical passages relat+ to ! e>ly dissem9ation ( ,jewi% e?ics4 ,b ) ^! passages ! /ud5t ne$ n s]i\sly conc]n himself4 ,!y are speculative & non-ess5tial4 ,nietzs*e's criticism ( ! effects ( ,*ri/ian virtues1 h[ev]1 did n beg9 9 ,! ,anti*ri/1 al?\gh ?is book is ! f9al fl[]+ ( ^? anti-,*ri/ian ideas :i* cropp$ up cont9ually ?r\gh\t 8 entire "w4 ,?is religi\s antipa?y 0 pres5t ev5 9 8 e>ly academic essays1 & 9 ,human1 ,all-,too-,human we f9d him well laun*$ ^u 8 campaign4 ,no book ( 81 ) ! exception ( 8 unf9i%$ pamphlet1 ,! ,et]nal ,recurr5ce1 is free f ?is criticism4 ,b "o w f9d all 8 e>li] conclusions & argum5ts drawn toge!r 9 a compact & complete :ole 9 ! pres5t volume4 ,nietzs*e's accusation aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 r$uc$ to a few words1 is t x works aga9/ ! high] developm5t ( ! individual2 t1 be+ a religion ( weakness1 x fails to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! mod]n man2 9 %ort1 t x is dang]\s4 ,?is conclusion is f\nd$ on ! pr9ciple ( biological monism4 ,nietzs*e assumes ,d>w9's law ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 & argues t ! ,*ri/ian virtues oppose n only ?is law b ! law ( natural selection z well4 ,by ?is opposition ! race has be5 weak5$1 = self-sacrifice1 ! basis ( ,*ri/ian morality1 detracts f ! p[] ( ! individual & consequ5tly less5s 8 *ances = exi/5ce4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,*ri/ian ideal 9 itself is oppos$ to progress & all t progress entails1 su* z sci5ce & rese>*4 ,k ( any k9d t5ds to make man m indep5d5t1 & !reby r$uces 8 ne$ = !ological sup]vision4 ,z a result ( ! pass+ ov] ( p[] f ! /rong to ! weak1 9 accordance ) ! morality ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! /r5g? ( ! race z a :ole is deplet$4 ,fur!rmore1 su* a proc$ure is 9 direct opposition to ! laws ( nature1 & s long z man lives 9 a natural environm5t ! only way to insure progress is to con=m to ! conditions ( t environm5t4 ,nietzs*e !re=e makes a plea = ! adoption ( o!r ?an ,*ri/ian /&>ds--/&>ds compatible ) ! laws ( exi/5ce4 ,he po9ts out t already ! race has be5 almo/ irrem$iably weak5$ by its adh]5ce to anti-natural doctr9es1 t ea* day ( ,*ri/ian activity is ano!r /ep 9 ! complete deg5]ation ( man4 ,& he ass]ts t ! only reason ! race has ma9ta9$ its p[] z long z x has is because ! /rong] memb]s ( society1 despite _! voic$ belief1 d n live up to ! ,*ri/ian code1 b are cont9ually compromis+ ) x4 ,! problem ( ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity int]e/s ,nietzs*e1 because he sees 9 x an explanation ( ! results :i* x wi%$ to accompli%4 ,*ri/ianity1 says he1 c be und]/ood only 9 relation to ! soil out ( :i* x grew4 ,:5 ! ,jewi% p1 subjugat$ & 9 a position ( slav]y1 7 confront$ ) ! dang] ( ext]m9ation at ! h&s ( a /rong] p1 !y inv5t$ a sy/em ( conduct :i* w\ld insure _! cont9u$ exi/5ce4 ,!y realis$ t ! adh]5ce to su* virtues z retaliation1 aggressiv5ess1 initiative1 cruelty1 arrogance & ! l w\ld mean dea?2 ! /rong] nations w\ld n h c\nt5anc$ su* qualities 9 a weak & deplet$ nation4 ,z a result ! ,jews replac$ retaliation ) long suff]+1 aggressiv5ess ) peacefulness1 cruelty ) k9dness1 & arrogance ) humility4 ,^! negative virtues took ! place ( positive virtues1 & 7 turn$ into beatitudes4 ,by ?us turn+ ! o!r *eek & =giv+ "o's enemies1 in/ead ( res5t+ p]secution & attempt+ to av5ge ! wrongs p]petrat$ aga9/ !m1 !y 7 able to prolong life4 ,?is sy/em ( conduct1 says ,nietzs*e1 0 a direct falsification ( all natural conditions & a p]v]sion ( all heal?y in/9cts4 ,x 0 ! morality ( an impov]i%$ & subs]vi5t p1 & 0 adopt$ by ! ,jews only :5 !y _h be5 /ripp$ ( _! p[]4 ,nietzs*e pres5ts a psy*ological hi/ory ( ,israel z an example ( ! process by :i* natural values 7 d5aturalis$4 ,! ,god ( ,israel 0 ,jehovah4 ,he 0 ! expression ( ! nation's consci\sness ( p[]1 ( joy & ( hope4 ,victory & salvation 7 expect$ f him3 he 0 ! ,god ( ju/ice4 ,! ,assyrians & int]nal an>*y *ang$ ! conditions ( ,israel4 ,jehovah 0 no long] able to br+ victory to 8 p1 & consequ5tly ! nature ( ?is ,god 0 *ang$4 ,9 ! h&s ( ! prie/ he became a weapon1 & unhapp9ess 0 int]pret$ z puni%m5t = s9s4 ,jehovah became a moral dictator1 & consequ5tly morality among ! ,israelites ceas$ to be an expression ( ! conditions ( life & became an ab/ract !ory oppos$ to life4 ,nor did ! ,jewi% prie/hood /op at ?is4 ,x int]pret$ ! :ole ( hi/ory ) a view to %[+ t all s9 aga9/ ,jehovah l$ to puni%m5t & t all pi\s wor%ip ( ,jehovah result$ 9 rew>d4 ,a moral ord] ( ! univ]se 0 ?us sub/itut$ = a natural "o4 ,to bol/] up ?is !ory a revelation became necess>y4 ,accord+ly a /up5d\s lit]>y fraud 0 p]petrat$1 & ! holy scriptures 7 discov]$ & foi/$ ^u ! p4 ,! prie/s1 avid = p[]1 made !mselves indisp5sable by attribut+ to ! w ( ,god all ^? acts !y desir$ ( ! p4 ,rep5tance1 namely3 submission to ! prie/s1 0 inaugurat$4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity1 ho/ile to all reality & p[]1 ga9$ its foot+4 ,! psy*ology ( ,*ri/1 z set =? 9 ,! ,anti*ri/1 & ! use made ( 8 doctr9es by ^? :o directly foll[$ him1 =m an important "p ( ,nietzs*e's argum5t aga9/ ,*ri/ian morality4 ,*ri/'s doctr9e1 accord+ to ,nietzs*e1 0 "o ( imm$iacy4 ,x 0 a mode ( conduct & n1 accord+ to ! pres5t ,*ri/ian conception1 a prep>ation = a future _w4 ,*ri/ 0 a simple h]etic 9 8 rebellion aga9/ ! exi/+ political ord]4 ,he repres5t$ a reaction>y mode ( exi/5ce---a sy/em ( conduct :i* said ,nay to life1 a code ( inaction & non-int]f]5ce4 ,8 dea? on ! cross 0 meant z a supreme example & pro( ( ?is doctr9e4 ,x rema9$ = 8 disciples to atta* o!r mean+s to x4 ,lov+ ,*ri/ z !y did1 & consequ5tly bl9d$ by t love1 !y 7 unable to =give 8 execution at ! h&s ( ! ,/ate4 ,at ! same "t !y 7 unprep>$ to foll[ 8 example & to give _! own lives to ! cause ( 8 tea*+s4 ,a feel+ ( rev5ge sprang up 9 !m1 & !y endeav\r$ to f9d an excuse = 8 dea?4 ,to :at 0 x attributable8 ,& ! answ] !y f\nd1 says ,nietzs*e1 0 dom9ant ,judaism1 its rul+ class4 ,= ! mom5t !y fail$ to realise t ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 z prea*$ by ,*ri/1 0 an e>?ly ?+1 some?+ conta9$ )9 ! individual2 & aft] ! crucifixion x 0 necess>y = !m ei!r to foll[ ,*ri/'s example or to int]pret 8 dea?1 a volunt>y "o1 z a promise ( future happ9ess1 t is1 to translate 8 practical doctr9e into symbolic t]ms4 ,!y unhesitat+ly *ose ! latt]4 ,9 _! se>* = an explanation z to h[ ,god c\ld h all[$ 8 son to be execut$1 !y fell ^u ! !ory t ,*ri/'s dea? 0 a sacrifice = _! s9s1 an expiation = _! guilt4 ,f t "t on1 says ,nietzs*e1 !re 0 gradually import$ into ! type ( ! ,savi\r ! doctr9e ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 & ( ! 'second com+1' ! doctr9e ( sacrificial dea?1 & ! doctr9e ( ,resurrection1 by means ( :i* ! :ole concept 'bless$ness1' ! entire & only reality ( ! gospel1 is conjur$ away--9 fav\r ( a /ate aft] dea?4 ,/4 ,paul !n rationalis$ ! conception by introduc+ into x ! doctr9e ( p]sonal immortality by means ( hav+ ,*ri/ rise f ! dead2 & he prea*$ ?is immortality z a rew>d = virtue4 ,?us1 ass]ts ,nietzs*e1 ,*ri/'s ef=t t[>d a ,buddhi/ic movem5t ( peace1 t[>d real & n m]ely promis$ happ9ess on e>? 0 controv]t$ by 8 po/]ity4 ,no?+ ( ,*ri/'s orig9al doctr9e rema9$1 once ,paul1 ! =g]1 set to "w to twi/ x to 8 own ends4 ,paul w5t fur!r & by *ang+ & falsify+ x turn$ all ,jewi% hi/ory into a prophecy = 8 own tea*+s4 ,?us ! :ole doctr9e ( ,*ri/1 ! true mean+ ( 8 dea? & ! realities :i* he taught1 7 alt]$ & di/ort$4 ,9 %ort1 ,*ri/'s life 0 us$ z a means = fur!r+ ! religion ( ,paul1 :o gave to x ! "n ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,a mo/ important "p ( ,! ,anti*ri/ is t passage :]e9 ,nietzs*e def9es 8 ord] ( ca/es4 ,e heal?y society1 says he1 falls naturally into ?ree sep>ate & di/9ct types4 ,^! classes condition "o ano!r & gravitate diff]5tly 9 ! psy*ological s5se4 ,ea* type has its own "w1 its own duties1 its own emotions1 its own comp5sations & ma/]%ip4 ,! fir/ class1 compris+ ! rul]s1 is di/+ui%$ by its intellectual sup]iority4 ,x devolves ^u ?is class to repres5t happ9ess1 beauty & goodness on e>?4 ,! memb]s ( ?is sup]ior class are 9 ! m9ority1 b !y are nev]!less ! creators ( values4 ,_! delight is self-ma/]y3 ) !m asceticism becomes a second nature1 a ne$1 an in/9ct4 ,!y reg>d a difficult task z _! privilege2 to play ) burd5s :i* cru% _! fell[s is to !m a recreation4 ,!y are at once ! mo/ hon\rable1 *e]ful & graci\s ( all m54 ,! second class is compos$ ( ^? :o relieve ! fir/ class ( _! duties & execute ! w ( ! rul]s4 ,!y are ! gu>dians ( ! law1 ! m]*ants & pr(essional m51 ! w>riors & ! judges4 ,9 brief1 !y are ! executors ( ! race4 ,! ?ird class is made up ( ! work]s1 ! l[e/ ord] ( man--^? de/9$ = m5ial & disagreeable tasks4 ,! fact1 says ,nietzs*e1 t "o is publicly useful1 a :eel1 a function1 presupposes a c]ta9 natural de/9y3 x is n society1 b ! only k9d ( happ9ess ( :i* ! great majority are capable1 t makes !m intellig5t ma*9es4 ,= ! m$iocre x is a joy to be m$iocre2 9 !m ma/]y 9 "o ?+1 a specialty1 is a natural in/9ct4 ,! conception ( ^! classes conta9s ! nucleus ( ,nietzs*e's doctr9e4 ,x embodies 8 :ole idea ( a natural ari/ocracy z oppos$ to ! spuri\s ,european ari/ocracy ( ! pres5t day1 :]e9 ! rul]s are 9 reality m]ely memb]s ( ! second class4 ,! *>ge is con/antly br\ght aga9/ ,nietzs*e by ! ecclesia/ic dialecticians t 8 criticism ( ,*ri/ianity is fraught ) ! v nihilism aga9/ :i* he s eloqu5tly argues4 ,!re is p]haps a slight basis = su* a cont5tion if we conf9e ourselves /rictly to ^? ( 8 utt]ances aga9/ ! ,jewi% morality :i* appe> 9 8 previ\s books4 ,b 9 ,! ,anti*ri/ ?is does n hold true ev5 9 ! slighte/ mann]4 ,nietzs*e is con/antly supplant+ modes ( action = e ,*ri/ian virtue he d5ies4 ,he is z con/ructive z he is de/ructive4 ,! ,anti*ri/ conta9s1 n only a complete d5ial ( all ,*ri/ian morality1 b a /atem5t ( a new & consi/5t sy/em ( e?ics bas$ on ! rese>* ( all 8 works4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,! ,,anti*ri/ ,:at is good8 ,all t enhances ! feel+ ( p[]1 ! ,w to ,p[]1 & p[] itself 9 man4 ,:at is bad8--,all t proce$s f weakness4 ,:at is happ9ess8--,! feel+ t p[] is increas+1- t resi/ance has be5 ov]come4 ,n cont5tm5t1 b m p[]2 n peace at any price1 b w>2 n virtue1 b effici5cy 7virtue 9 ! ,r5aissance s5se1 virtu1 free f all moralic acid74 ,! weak & bot*$ %all p]i%3 fir/ pr9ciple ( our humanity4 ,& !y ought ev5 to be help$ to p]i%4 ,:at is m h>mful ?an any vice8--,practical sympa?y ) all ! bot*$ & ! weak--,*ri/ianity4 #abh ,we mu/ n deck out & adorn ,*ri/ianity3 x has wag$ a deadly w> ^u ?is high] type ( man1 x has set a ban ^u all ! fundam5tal in/9cts ( ?is type1 & has di/ill$ evil & ! devil himself out ( ^! in/9cts3--! /rong man z ! typical p>iah1 ! villa94 ,*ri/ianity has sid$ ) ev]y?+ weak1 l[1 & bot*$2 x has made an ideal out ( antagonism aga9/ all ! self-pres]vative in/9cts ( /rong life3 x has corrupt$ ev5 ! reason ( ! /ronge/ intellects1 by tea*+ t ! highe/ values ( intellectuality are s9ful1 mislead+ & full ( temptations4 #acj ,i call an animal1 a species1 an individual corrupt1 :5 x loses its in/9cts1 :5 x selects & pref]s t :i* is detrim5tal to x4 #aca ,life itself1 to my m9d1 is no?+ m nor less ?an ! in/9ct ( gr[?1 ( p]man5ce1 ( accumulat+ =ces1 ( p[]3 :]e ! w to p[] is lack+1 deg5]ation sets 94 #aca ,pity is oppos$ to ! tonic passions :i* enhance ! en]gy ( ! feel+ ( life3 its action is depress+4 ,a man loses p[] :5 he pities4 ,by means ( pity ! dra9 on /r5g? :i* suff]+ itself already introduces into ! _w is multipli$ a ?\s&fold4 #aca ,on ! :ole1 pity ?w>ts ! law ( developm5t :i* is ! law ( selection4 ,x pres]ves t :i* is ripe = dea?1 x fights 9 fav\r ( ! dis9h]it$ & ! condemn$ ( life4 #aca-acb ,?is depress+ & infecti\s in/9ct ?w>ts ^? in/9cts :i* aim at ! pres]vation & enhancem5t ( ! value ( life3 by multiply+ mis]y q z mu* z by pres]v+ all t is mis]able1 x is ! pr9cipal ag5t 9 promot+ decad5ce4 #acb ,t :i* a !ologian consid]s true1 mu/ ( necessity be false3 ?is furni%es almo/ ! crit]ion ( tru?4 ,x is 8 mo/ pr(\nd self-pres]vative in/9ct :i* =bids reality ev] to atta9 to hon\r 9 any way1 or ev5 to raise its voice4 ,:i!rsoev] ! influ5ce ( ! !ologian ext5ds1 valuations are topsy-turvy1 & ! concepts true & false h necess>ily *ang$ places3 t :i* is mo/ delet]i\s to life1 is "h call$ true1 t :i* enhances x1 elevates x1 says ,yea to x1 ju/ifies x & r5d]s x triumphant1 is call$ false4 #ace ,:at is !re t de/roys a man m spe$ily ?an to "w1 ?9k1 feel1 z an automaton ( duty1 )\t int]nal prompt+s1 )\t a pr(\nd p]sonal pr$ilection1 )\t joy8 ,?is is ! recipe p> excell5ce ( decad5ce & ev5 ( idiocy4 #acg ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 nei!r morality nor religion comes 9 t\* at all ) reality4 ,no?+ b imag9>y causes 7,god1 ! s\l1 ! ego1 _s1 free w--or ev5 non-free w72 no?+ b imag9>y effects 7s91 salvation1 grace1 puni%m5t1 =giv5ess ( s9s74 ,imag9>y be+s are suppos$ to h int]c\rse 7,god1 spirits1 s\ls72 imag9>y ,natural ,hi/ory 7an?ropoc5tric3 total lack ( ! notion1 natural causes72 an imag9>y psy*ology 7no?+ b misund]/&+s ( self1 int]pretations ( pleasant or unpleasant g5]al feel+s2 = in/ance ( ! /ates ( ! n]vus sympa?icus1 ) ! help ( ! sign language ( a religio-moral idiosyncrasy1--rep5tance1 pangs ( consci5ce1 ! temptation ( ! devil1 ! pres5ce ( ,god72 an imag9>y teleology 7! ,k+dom ( ,god1 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ,ev]la/+ ,life74 #ada-adb ,a pr\d p requires a ,god1 unto :om x c sacrifice ?+s4444 ,religion1 :5 re/rict$ to ^! pr9ciples1 is a =m ( gratitude4 ,a man is grateful = 8 own exi/5ce2 = ?is he mu/ h a ,god4--,su* a ,god mu/ be able to pr(it & to injure him1 he mu/ be able to act ! fri5d & ! foe4 ,he mu/ be e/eem$ = 8 good z well z = 8 evil qualities4 #adc ,:5 a p is on ! road to ru92 :5 x feels its belief 9 a future1 its hope ( fre$om vani%+ = ev]2 :5 x becomes consci\s ( submission z ! mo/ useful quality1 & ( ! virtues ( ! submissive z self-pres]vative measures1 !n its ,god mu/ also modify himself4 ,he !n becomes a tremul\s & unassum+ sneak2 he c\nsels peace ( ! s\l1 ! cessation ( all hatr$1 l5i5cy & love ev5 t[>ds fri5d & foe4 ,he is = ev] moralis+1 he crawls into ! he>t ( e private virtue1 becomes a ,god = ev]ybody4 #adc ,! ,*ri/ian concept ( ,god--,god z ! deity ( ! sick1 ,god z a spid]1 ,god z a _s--is "o ( ! mo/ corrupt concepts ( ,god t has ev] be5 atta9$ on e>?4 ,maybe x repres5ts ! l[-wat] m>k 9 ! evolution>y ebb ( ! godlike type4 ,god deg5]at$ into ! contradiction ( life1 in/ead ( be+ its transfiguration & et]nal ,yea6 ,) ,god w> is decl>$ on life1 nature1 & ! w to life6 ,god is ! =mula = e calumny ( ?is _w & = e lie conc]n+ a beyond6 #adf ,*ri/ianity aims at ma/]+ bea/s ( prey2 its exp$i5t is to make !m ill1--to r5d] feeble is ! ,*ri/ian recipe = tam+1 = civilisation4 #aea ,if fai? is above all necess>y1 !n reason1 k1 & sci5tific rese>* mu/ be br\ght into evil repute3 ! road to tru? becomes ! =bidd5 road4--,/rong hope is a mu* great] /imulant ( life ?an any s+le realis$ joy c\ld be4 ,suff]]s mu/ be su/a9$ by a hope :i* no actuality c contradict1--& :i* _c ev] be realis$3 ! hope ( ano!r _w4 7,precisely on acc\nt ( ?is p[] t hope has ( mak+ ! unhappy l+] on1 ! ,greeks reg>d$ x z ! evil ( evils1 z ! mo/ mis*iev\s evil3 x rema9$ beh9d 9 ,p&ora's box47 ,9 ord] t love may be possible1 ,god mu/ be a p]son4 ,9 ord] t ! l[e/ in/9cts may also make _! voices he>d ,god mu/ be "y4 ,= ! ard\r ( ! wom5 a beautiful sa9t1 & = ! ard\r ( ! m5 a ,virg9 ,m>y has to be press$ into ! =egr\nd4 ,all ?is on condition t ,*ri/ianity wi%es to rule ov] a c]ta9 soil1 on :i* ,aphrodisiac or ,adonis cults _h already det]m9$ ! notion ( a cult4 ,to insi/ ^u *a/ity only int5sifies ! vehem5ce & pr(undity ( ! religi\s in/9ct--x makes ! cult w>m]1 m en?usia/ic1 m s\lful4--,love is ! /ate 9 :i* man sees ?+s mo/ widely diff]5t f :at !y are4 ,! =ce ( illusion rea*es its z5i? "h1 z likewise ! sweet5+ & transfigur+ p[]4 ,:5 a man is 9 love he endures m ?an at o!r times2 he submits to ev]y?+4 ,! ?+ 0 to discov] a religion 9 :i* x 0 possible to love3 by ?is means ! wor/ 9 life is ov]come--x is no long] ev5 se54--,s mu* = ?ree ,*ri/ian virtues ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity3 ,i call !m ! ?ree ,*ri/ian precaution>y measures4 #aeb-aec ,:at is ,jewi% morality1 :at is ,*ri/ian morality8 ,*ance robb$ ( its innoc5ce2 unhapp9ess pollut$ ) ! idea ( s92 well be+ int]pret$ z a dang]1 z a temptation2 physiological indisposition poison$ by means ( ! cank]worm ( consci5ce4 #aeg-aeh ,:at does a moral ord] ( ! univ]se mean8 ,t once & = all !re is su* a ?+ z w ( ,god :i* det]m9es :at man has to d & :at he has to leave undone2 t ! value ( a p or ( an individual is measur$ accord+ to h[ mu* or h[ little ! "o or ! o!r obeys ! w ( ,god2 t 9 ! de/9ies ( a p or ( an individual1 ! w ( ,god %[s itself dom9ant1 t is to say x puni%es or rew>ds accord+ to ! degree ( ob$i5ce4 ,9 ! place ( ?is mis]able falsehood reality says3 a p>asitical type ( man1 :o c fl\ri% only at ! co/ ( all ! heal?y elem5ts ( life1 ! prie/ abuses ! "n ( ,god3 he calls t /ate ( affairs 9 :i* ! prie/ det]m9es ! value ( ?+s ! ,k+dom ( ,god2 he calls ! means :]eby su* a /ate ( affairs is atta9$ or ma9ta9$1 ! ,w ( ,god2 ) cold-blood$ cynicism he measures peoples1 ages & individuals accord+ to :e!r !y fav\r or oppose ! asc5d5cy ( ! prie/hood4 #aeh-aei ,i fail to see aga9/ :om 0 direct$ ! insurrection ( :i* rightly or wrongly ,jesus is und]/ood to h be5 ! promot]1 if x 7 n direct$ aga9/ ! ,jewi% *ur*4 #afb ,?is sa9tly an>*i/ :o call$ ! l[e/ ( ! l[1 ! outca/s & s9n]s1 ! ,*&ala ( ,judaism1 to revolt aga9/ ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s 7& 9 language :i*1 if ! gospels are to be tru/$1 w\ld get "o s5t to ,sib]ia ev5 to-day7--?is man 0 a political crim9al 9 s f> z political crim9als 7 possible 9 a community s absurdly non-political4 ,?is br\ght him to ! cross3 ! pro( ( ?is is ! inscription f\nd !reon4 ,he di$ = 8 s9s--& no matt] h[ (t5 ! contr>y has be5 ass]t$ !re is absolutely no?+ to %[ t he di$ = ! s9s ( o!rs4 #afb-afc ,! in/9ctive hatr$ ( reality is ! outcome ( an extreme susceptibility to pa9 & to irritation1 :i* c no long] endure to be t\*$ at all1 because e s5sation /rikes too deep4 ,! in/9ctive exclusion ( all av]sion1 ( all ho/ility1 ( all b\nd>ies & di/ances 9 feel+1 is ! outcome ( an extreme susceptibility to pa9 & to irritation1 :i* reg>ds all resi/ance1 all compulsory resi/ance z insuff]able angui%7--t is to say1 z h>mful1 z deprecat$ by ! self-pres]vative in/9ct71 & :i* kn[s bless$ness 7happ9ess7 only :5 x is no long] oblig$ to (f] resi/ance to anybody1 ei!r evil or detrim5tal1--love z ! only ultimate possibility ( life4444 ,^! are ! two physiological realities ^u :i* & out ( :i* ! doctr9e ( salvation has gr[n4 #aff ,) a little t]m9ological laxity ,jesus might be call$ a free _s--he c>es n a jot = any?+ t is e/abli%$3 ! ^w kille?1 ev]y?+ fix$ kille?4 ,! idea1 exp]i5ce1 life z he alone kn[s x1 is1 accord+ to him1 oppos$ to e k9d ( ^w1 =mula1 law1 fai? & dogma4 ,he speaks only ( ! inn]mo/ ?+s3 life or tru? or light1 is 8 expression = ! inn]mo/ ?+s1--ev]y?+ else ! :ole ( reality1 ! :ole ( nature1 language ev51 has only ! value ( a sign1 ( a simile = him4 #afi-agj ,! :ole psy*ology ( ! gospels lacks ! concept ( guilt & puni%m5t1 z also t ( rew>d4 ,s91 any sort ( alo(ness betwe5 ,god & man1 is done away )1--?is is precisely :at con/itutes ! glad tid+s4 ,et]nal bliss is n promis$1 x is n b\nd up ) c]ta9 conditions2 x is ! only reality--! re/ consi/s only ( signs :]e) to speak ab\t x4444 ,! results ( su* a /ate project !mselves into a new practice ( life1 ! actual evangelical practice4 ,x is n a fai? :i* di/+ui%es himself by means ( a diff]5t mode ( action4444 #aga ,! life ( ! ,savi\r 0 naught else ?an ?is practice1--nei!r 0 8 dea?4 ,he no long] requir$ any =mul1 any rites = 8 relations ) ,god--n ev5 pray]4 ,he has done ) all ! ,jewi% tea*+ ( rep5tance & ( atonem5t2 he alone kn[s ! mode ( life :i* makes "o feel div9e1 sav$1 evangelical1 & at all times a *ild ( ,god4 ,n rep5tance1 n pray] & =giv5ess are ! roads to ,god3 ! evangelical mode ( life alone leads to ,god1 x is ,god4--,t :i* ! gospels aboli%$ 0 ! ,judaism ( ! concepts s91 =giv5ess ( s91 fai?1 salvation ?r\gh fai?1--! :ole doctr9e ( ! ,jewi% *ur* 0 d5i$ by ! glad tid+s4 ,! pr(\nd in/9ct ( h[ "o mu/ live 9 ord] to feel 9 ,heav51 9 ord] to feel et]nal1 :ile 9 e o!r respect "o feels by no means 9 ,heav53 ?is alone is ! psy*ological reality ( ,salvation4--,a new life & n a new fai?4444 #aga-agb ,?is mess5g] ( glad tid+s di$ z he liv$ & z he taught--n 9 ord] to save mank9d1 b 9 ord] to %[ h[ "o ought to live4 ,x 0 a mode ( life t he bequea!d to mank9d3 8 behavi\r be=e 8 judges1 8 attitude t[>ds 8 execution]s1 8 accus]s1 & all k9ds ( calumny & scorn1--8 demean\r on ! cross4 #agd ,! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity--f ! dea? on ! cross onw>ds--is ! hi/ory ( a gradual & ev] co>s] misund]/&+ ( an orig9al symbolism4 #age ,! _w to ,*ri/ianity means t a man is a soldi]1 a judge1 a patriot1 t he def5ds himself1 t he values 8 hon\r1 t he desires 8 own advantage1 t he is pr\d4 444 ,! conduct ( e mom5t1 e in/9ct1 e valuation t leads to a de$1 is at pres5t anti-,*ri/ian3 :at an abortion ( falsehood mod]n man mu/ be1 9 ord] to be able )\t a blu% /ill to call himself a ,*ri/ian6 #agh ,! v ^w ,*ri/ianity is a misund]/&+1--tru? to tell1 !re nev] 0 m ?an "o ,*ri/ian1 & he di$ on ! ,cross4 ,! gospel di$ on ! cross4 ,t :i* !nce=w>d 0 call$ gospel 0 ! rev]se ( t gospel t ,*ri/ _h liv$3 x 0 evil tid+s1 a dysangel4 ,x is false to ! po9t ( nons5se to see 9 fai?1 9 ! fai? 9 salvation ?r\gh ,*ri/1 ! di/+ui%+ trait ( ! ,*ri/ian2 ! only ?+ t is ,*ri/ian is ! ,*ri/ian mode ( exi/5ce1 a life su* z he l$ :o di$ on ! ,cross4444 ,to ?is day a life ( ?is k9d is /ill possible2 = c]ta9 m51 x is ev5 necess>y3 g5u9e1 primitive ,*ri/ianity w be possible 9 all ages4444 ,n a fai?1 b a c\rse ( action4 #agc-agi ,to reg>d a man l ,/4-,paul z hone/ 7a man ^: home 0 ! v headqu>t]s ( ,/oical enlight5m5t7 :5 he devises a pro( ( ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! ,savi\r out ( a halluc9ation2 or ev5 to believe him :5 he decl>es t he _h ?is halluc9ation1 w\ld am\nt to fooli%ness on ! "p ( a psy*ologi/3 ,/4-,paul desir$ ! end1 consequ5tly he also desir$ ! means4444 ,ev5 :at he himself did n believe1 0 believ$ 9 by ! idiots among :om he spread 8 doctr9e4--,:at he want$ 0 p[]2 ) ,/4-,paul ! prie/ aga9 aspir$ to p[]4 #ahe ,:5 ! c5tre ( gravity ( life is laid1 n 9 life1 b 9 a beyond--9 non5tity1 life is utt]ly robb$ ( its balance4 ,! great lie ( p]sonal immortality de/roys all reason1 all nature 9 ! in/9cts1--ev]y?+ 9 ! in/9cts t is b5efic5t1 t promotes life & t is a gu>antee ( ! future1 h5ce=w>d ar\s$ suspicion4 ,! v mean+ ( life is n[ con/ru$ z ! ef=t to live 9 su* a way t life no long] has any po9t4444 ,:y %[ any public _s8 ,:y be grateful = "o's orig9 & "o's =ebe>s8 ,:y collaborate ) "o's fell[s1 & be confid5t8 ,:y be conc]n$ ab\t ! g5]al weal or /rive aft] x8444 ,all ^! ?+s are m]ely s _m temptations1 s _m deviations f ! /raight pa?4 ,"o ?+ only is necess>y 444 t ev]ybody1 z an immortal s\l1 %\ld h equal rank1 t 9 ! totality ( be+s1 ! salvation ( ea* individual may lay claim to et]nal importance1 t insignificant bigots & ?ree-qu>t]-lunatics may h ! "r to suppose t ! laws ( nature may be p]si/5tly brok5 on _! acc\nt1--any su* magnification ( e k9d ( selfi%ness to inf9ity1 to insol5ce1 _c be br&$ ) suffici5t contempt4 ,& yet x is to ?is mis]able flatt]y ( p]sonal vanity t ,*ri/ianity ow$ its triumph1--by ?is means x lur$ all ! bungl$ & ! bot*$1 all revolt+ & revolt$ p1 all abortions1 ! :ole ( ! refuse & (fal ( humanity1 ov] to its side4 #ahe-ahf ,) ,*ri/ianity1 ! art ( feel+ holy lies1 :i* con/itutes ! :ole ( ,judaism1 rea*es its f9al ma/]%ip1 ?anks to _m c5turies ( ,jewi% & mo/ ?or\ghly s]i\s tra9+ & practice4 #ahh ,only read ! gospels z books calculat$ to s$uce by means ( morality--morality is appropriat$ by ^! petty p1--!y "k :at morality c d6 ,! be/ way ( lead+ mank9d by ! nose is ) morality6 ,! fact is t ! mo/ consci\s conceit ( p :o believe !mselves to be *os51 "h simulates mode/y3 9 ?is way !y1 ! ,*ri/ian community1 ! good & ! j place !mselves once & = all on a c]ta9 side1 ! side ( ,tru?--& ! re/ ( mank9d1 ! _w on ! o!r4444 ,?is 0 ! mo/ fatal k9d ( megalomania t _h ev] yet exi/$ on e>?2 insignificant little abortions ( bigots & li>s began to lay sole claim to ! concepts ,god1 ,tru?1 ,light1 ,_s1 ,love1 ,wisdom1 ,life1 z if ^! ?+s 71 s to speak1 synonyms ( !mselves1 9 ord] to f5ce !mselves (f f ! _w2 little ultra-,jews1 ripe = e k9d ( madh\se1 twi/$ values r\nd 9 ord] to suit !mselves1 j z if ! ,*ri/ian1 alone1 7 ! mean+1 ! salt1 ! /&>d & ev5 ! ultimate tribunal ( all ! re/ ( mank9d4 #ahi-aij ,"o does well to put on "o's gloves :5 read+ ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! proximity ( s mu* pit* almo/ defiles "o4 ,we %\ld feel j z little incl9$ to hobnob ) ! fir/ ,*ri/ians z ) ,poli% ,jews3 n t we ne$ expla9 our objections4444 ,!y simply smell bad4--,9 va9 h ,i s\ght = a s+le sympa!tic feature 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 !re is n a trace ( fre$om1 k9dl9ess1 op5he>t$ness & hone/y to be f\nd 9 x4 ,human5ess has n ev5 made a />t 9 ?is book1 :ile cleanly in/9cts are entirely abs5t f x4444 ,only evil in/9cts are to be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x %[s no sign ( c\rage1 ^! p lack ev5 ! c\rage ( ^! evil in/9cts4 ,all is c[>dice1 all is a clos+ ( "o's eyes & self-deception4 ,e book becomes clean1 aft] "o has j read ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #aic-aid ,9 ! :ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t only "o figure appe>s :i* we _c help respect+4 ,pilate1 ! ,roman ,gov]nor4 ,to take a ,jewi% qu>rel s]i\sly 0 a ?+ he c\ld n get himself to d4 ,"o ,jew m or less--:at did x matt]8444 ,! noble scorn ( a ,roman1 9 ^: pres5ce ! ^w tru? _h be5 %amelessly abus$1 has enri*$ ! ,new ,te/am5t ) ! only say+ :i* is ( value1--& ?is say+ is n only ! criticism1 b actually ! %att]+ ( t ,te/am5t3 ,:at is tru?6 #aie-aif ,no "o is ei!r a philologi/ or a doctor1 :o is n also an ,anti*ri/4 ,z a philologi/1 = in/ance1 a man sees beh9d ! holy books z a doctor he sees beh9d ! physiological rott5ness ( ! typical ,*ri/ian4 ,! ,doctor says incurable1 ! philologi/ says =g]y4 #aig ,! prie/ kn[s only "o great dang]1 & t is sci5ce1--! heal?y concept ( cause & effect4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 sci5ce fl\ri%es only 9 happy conditions1--a man mu/ h "t1 he mu/ also h sup]flu\s m5tal en]gy 9 ord] to pursue k4 444 ,consequ5tly man mu/ be made unhappy1--?is has be5 ! argum5t ( ! prie/ ( all ages4--,y h already div9$ :at1 9 accordance ) su* a mann] ( argu+1 mu/ fir/ h come into ! _w3--s94444 ,! notion ( guilt & puni%m5t1 ! :ole moral ord] ( ! univ]se1 0 inv5t$ aga9/ sci5ce4 #aii ,! notion ( guilt & puni%m5t1 includ+ ! doctr9e ( grace1 ( salvation & ( =giv5ess--all lies ?r\gh & ?r\gh )\t a %r$ ( psy*ological reality--7 inv5t$ 9 ord] to de/roy man's s5se ( causality3 !y are an attack ) ! fi/1 ) ! knife1 ) hone/y 9 hate & love6 ,b "o actuat$ by ! mo/ c[>dly1 mo/ crafty1 & mo/ ignoble in/9cts6 ,a prie/'s attack6 ,a p>asite's attack6 ,a vampyrism ( pale subt]ranean lee*es6 #bjj ,fai? save?2 !re=e x is true4--,x might be object$ "h t x is precisely salvation :i* is n prob$ b only promis$2 salvation is b\nd up ) ! condition fai?1--"o %all be sav$1 because "o has fai?4444 ,b h[ prove t t :i* ! prie/ promises to ! fai?ful really w take place1 to wit3 ! ,beyond :i* defies all demon/ration8--,! assum$ pro( ( p[] is at bottom once aga9 only a belief 9 ! fact t ! effect :i* fai? promises w n fail to take place4 ,9 a =mula3 ,i believe t fai? save?2--consequ5tly x is true4--,b ) ?is we are at ! end ( our te!r4 #bja ,hol9ess 9 itself is simply a symptom ( an impov]i%$1 en]vat$ & incurably det]iorat$ body6 #bjc-bjd ,*ri/ianity is built ^u ! ranc\r ( ! sick2 its in/9ct is direct$ aga9/ ! s\nd1 aga9/ heal?4 ,ev]y?+ well-con/itut$1 pr\d1 high-spirit$1 & beautiful is (f5sive to its e>s & eyes4 #bjd ,fai? simply means ! refusal to "k :at is true4 #bje ,! conclusion :i* all idiots1 wom5 & common p come to1 t !re mu/ be some?+ 9 a cause = :i* "s "o lays d[n 8 life 7or :i*1 z 9 ! case ( primitive ,*ri/ianity1 provokes an epidemic ( sacrifices71--?is conclusion put a trem5d\s *eck ^u all inve/igation1 ^u ! _s ( inve/igation & ( caution4 ,m>tyrs h h>m$ ! cause ( tru?4 #bjh ,convictions are prisons4 ,!y nev] see f> en\gh1 !y d n look d[n f a suffici5t height3 b 9 ord] to h any say 9 que/ions ( value & non-value1 a man mu/ see five hundr$ convictions b5ea? him--beh9d him4444 ,a _s :o desires great ?+s1 & :o also desires ! means !reto1 is necess>ily a sceptic4 ,fre$om f e k9d ( conviction belongs to /r5g?1 to ! ability to op5 "o's eyes freely4 #bji-baj ,:om d ,i hate mo/ among ! rabble1 ! ,*&ala apo/les1 :o und]m9e ! work+ man's in/9ct1 8 happ9ess & 8 feel+ ( cont5t$ness ) 8 insignificant exi/5ce1--:o make him envi\s1 & :o tea* him rev5ge4444 ,! wrong nev] lies 9 unequal rights2 x lies 9 ! claim to equal rights4 #bbj ,! ,*ri/ian & ! an>*i/ are bo? decad5ts2 !y are bo? incapable ( act+ 9 any o!r way ?an dis9tegrat+ly1 poison\sly & )]+ly1 l bloodsuck]s2 !y are bo? actuat$ by an in/9ct ( mortal hatr$ ( ev]y?+ t /&s erect1 t is great1 t is la/+1 & t is a gu>antee ( ! future4 #bba-bbb ,*ri/ianity de/roy$ ! h>ve/ we might h reap$ f ! culture ( antiquity1 lat] x also de/roy$ our h>ve/ ( ! culture ( ,islam4 ,! wond]ful ,moori% _w ( ,spani% culture1 :i* 9 its ess5ce is m closely relat$ to u1 & :i* appeals m to our s5se & ta/e ?an ,rome & ,greece1 0 trampl$ to dea?7--,i d n say by :at k9d ( feet71 :y8--because x ow$ its orig9 to noble1 to manly in/9cts1 because x said yea to life1 ev5 t life s full ( ! race1 & ref9$ luxuries ( ! ,moors6 #bbf ,i condemn ,*ri/ianity & confront x ) ! mo/ t]rible accusation t an accus] has ev] _h 9 8 m\?4 ,to my m9d x is ! greate/ ( all conceivable corruptions1 x has _h ! w to ! la/ imag9able corruption4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* all[$ no?+ to escape f its corruption2 x conv]t$ e value into its opposite1 e tru? into a lie1 & e hone/ impulse into an ignom9y ( ! s\l4 ,let any "o d>e to speak to me ( its humanit>ian bless+s6 ,to aboli% any sort ( di/ress 0 oppos$ to its pr(\nde/ int]e/s2 its v exi/5ce dep5d$ on /ates ( di/ress2 x creat$ /ates ( di/ress 9 ord] to make itself immortal4444 ,! canc] g]m ( s91 = in/ance3 ! ,*ur* 0 ! fir/ to enri* mank9d ) ?is mis]y6--,! equality ( s\ls be=e ,god1 ?is falsehood1 ?is pretext = ! rancunes ( all ! base-m9d$1 ?is an>*i/ bomb ( a concept1 :i* has ultimately become ! revolution1 ! mod]n idea1 ! pr9ciple ( decay ( ! :ole ( social ord]1--?is is ,*ri/ian dynamite4444 ,! humanit>ian bless+s ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,to bre$ a self-contradiction1 an art ( self-pr(anation1 a w to lie at any price1 an av]sion1 a contempt ( all good & hone/ in/9cts out ( humanitas6 ,is ?is :at y call ! bless+s ( ,*ri/ianity8--,p>asitism z ! only me?od ( ! ,*ur*2 suck+ all ! blood1 all ! love1 all ! hope ( life out ( mank9d ) anmic & sacr$ ideals4 ,a ,beyond z ! w to d5y all reality2 ! cross z ! trade-m>k ( ! mo/ subt]ranean =m ( conspiracy t has ev] exi/$1--aga9/ heal?1 beauty1 well-con/itut$ness1 brav]y1 intellect1 k9dl9ess ( s\l1 aga9/ ,life itself4444 ,?is et]nal accusation aga9/ ,*ri/ianity ,i w\ld fa9 write on all walls1 :]ev] !re are walls1--,i h lett]s ) :i* ,i c make ev5 ! bl9d see4444 ,i call ,*ri/ianity ! "o great curse1 ! "o enorm\s & inn]mo/ p]v]sion1 ! "o great in/9ct ( rev5ge1 = :i* no means are too v5om\s1 too und]h&1 too und]gr\nd & too petty1--,i call x ! "o immortal blemi% ( mank9d4444 #bcj-bca ,,xi ,! ,w to ,p[] ,volume ,i ,all ! evid5ces ( :at 0 to be ,nietzs*e's f9al & complete philosophical "w 9 f\r volumes1 are conta9$ 9 two volumes ( desultory & (t5 highly cond5s$ notes :i* 7 rec5tly issu$ "u ! s+le caption ( ,! ,w to ,p[] 7,die ,wille zur ,ma*t74 ,on ?is culm9at+ "w ,nietzs*e _h lab\r$ f #ahhc until 8 f9al breakd[n4 ,he made two plans = ,! ,w to ,p[]--"o 9 #ahhf & ! o!r 9 #ahhg4 ,z ! #ahhg plan 0 ! "o ultimately adh]$ to1 !re seems no reason to hesitate ab\t accept+ x z ! "r "o4 ,! titles ( ! f\r books :i* compris$ ?is f9al "w z x /&s to-day are ,european ,nihilism1 ,a ,criticism ( ! ,highe/ ,values t ,h ,prevail$ ,hi!rto1 ,! ,pr9ciples ( a ,new ,valuation & ,discipl9e & ,bre$+4 ,^! head+s are accord+ to ! la/ plan made at ,nice 9 #ahhg1 & al?\gh1 z ,i /at$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 !re 0 "s hesitation betwe5 ! g5]al title ( ,! ,w to ,p[] & ,! ,transvaluation ( ,all ,values1 ,! ,anti*ri/1 :i* fell "u ! latt] head+1 mu/ n be consid]$ z =m+ a "p ( ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,h[ev]1 ,! ,anti*ri/ & also ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals & ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 are closely relat$ 9 ?\ght to ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,?is fact is borne out n only by int]nal evid5ce1 by ! mann] 9 :i* ! books ov]lap1 & by ! con/ant r$i/ribution ( titles :i* sometimes prove ! unity ( ! la/ phase ( 8 ?\ght1 b also by ! te/imony ( ^? :o _h ,nietzs*e's confid5ce & c\ld wat* him at close qu>t]s4 ,nietzs*e int5d$ to embody 9 ! f\r books ( ,! ,w to ,p[] ! entire sweep ( 8 philosophical tea*+s4 ,?is "w 0 to be a summ>y1 n only 9 /atem5t b also 9 analysis1 ( 8 e?ical sy/em4 ,8 prec$+ books _h be5 replete 9 repetitions1 & lack$ bo? organisation & sequ5ce4 ,8 heal? 0 su* t he c\ld "w only sporadically & 9 %ort %ifts1 ) ! result t he 0 con/antly try+ to cr[d an enorm\s am\nt ( mat]ial into a %ort space4 ,he 0 able to deal ) b "o po9t at a "t1 &1 z 8 work+ p]iod 0 frequ5tly too %ort to develop t po9t z fully z he desir$1 we f9d him con/antly go+ back ov] old gr\nd1 alt]+ 8 syllogisms1 mak+ add5da1 int]polat+ analogies1 & 9 num]\s o!r ways *ang+ & cl>ify+ :at he _h previ\sly writt54 ,! ,w to ,p[] 0 to be1 !n1 a colossal organisation ( all 8 writ+s1 ) e /ep intact1 & e conclusion 9 its place4 ,& ?r\gh\t ! f\r volumes emphasis 0 to be put on 8 motivat+ doctr9e1 ! w to p[]1 an oppositional !ory to ,d>w9's !ory ( /ruggle = m]e exi/5ce4 ,b al?\gh we h two l>ge volumes ( notes1 ^! jott+s lack 9 a l>ge degree ! co-ord9ation :i* w\ld h *>act]is$ !m _h ,nietzs*e be5 able to c>ry out 8 plan4 ,! notes ( ^! two books are ! "w ( _m ye>s1 & ! putt+ toge!r ( !m = publication has be5 done )\t any attempt to alt] _! orig9al text4 ,!y are j z ,nietzs*e left !m--9 "s cases complet$ & closely argu$ p>agraphs1 9 o!rs m]e notations & memor&a1 elliptic & unelaborat$4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 to ga9 a v adequate idea ( :at 0 to be ! cont5ts ( ?is f9al "w1 due to ! copi\sness ( ! mat]ial at h&4 ,f ! "t ( f9i%+ ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra to #ahhi1 ,nietzs*e 0 con/antly mak+ notes = 8 great "w1 & !re is no phase ( 8 ?\ght :i* is n t\*$ ^u 9 ^! two rema9+ volumes4 ,by foll[+ _! pages closely1 9 ! light ( 8 =ego+ works1 "o gets a v def9ite impression ( ! syn!sis ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,especially true is ?is ( ! second volume ( ,! ,w to ,p[]1 = x is "h t 8 c>d9al doctr9e is mo/ /rongly & consi/5tly emphasis$ & its relation%ip to all human relation%ips mo/ concisely drawn4 ,because ( ?is fact ,i h *os5 to consid] ! two volumes sep>ately4 ,! fir/ volume is full ( mat]ial m or less famili> to ^? :o h foll[$ ,nietzs*e 9 8 e>li] works4 ,! notes are1 9 ! majority ( cases1 elaborations & explanations ( doctr9es conta9$ 9 ^? books :i* foll[$ ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra4 ,z su* !y are important4 ,! fir/ volume is divid$ into two sections--,european ,nihilism & ,a ,criticism ( ! ,highe/ ,values t ,h ,prevail$ ,hi!rto4 ,two subdivisions are f\nd "u section "o--,nihilism & ,conc]n+ ! ,hi/ory ( ,european ,nihilism4 ,9 ?is fir/ subdivision ,nietzs*e def9es ,nihilism & attempts to trace its orig94 ,he /ates t x is an outcome ( ! valuations & int]pretations ( exi/5ce :i* h =m]ly prevail$1 namely3 ! result ( ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,= our adh]5ce to ,*ri/ian morality1 ,nietzs*e says1 we mu/ pay de>ly3 by ?is adh]5ce we are los+ our equilibrium & are on ! v]ge ( adopt+ opposite valuations--^? consi/+ ( ,nihili/ic elem5ts4 ,he def9es ! ,nihili/ic movem5t z an expression ( decad5ce1 & decl>es t ?is decad5ce is spread+ ?r\gh\t all our mod]n in/itutions4 ,"u 8 second subdivision1 he expla9s t mod]n gloom9ess is a result ( ! sl[ advance & rise ( ! middle & l[] classes1 & ass]ts t ?is gloom9ess is accompani$ by moral hypocrisy & ! decad5t virtues ( sympa?y & pity4 ,9 ?is connection he d5ies t ! n9ete5? c5tury %[s an improvem5t ov] ! sixte5?4 ,no bett] analysis ( ! effects ( ,*ri/ian morality on mod]n man is to be f\nd 9 any ( ,nietzs*e's writ+s ?an 9 ?is treatise ( ,nihilism2 & a close /udy ( ?is analysis w greatly help "o 9 grasp+ ! full significance ( ! doctr9e ( ! w to p[]4 ,al?\gh ! notes 9 ?is book are ! lea/ satisfactory ( all ! portions ( ,! ,w to ,p[]1 be+ bo? t5tative & incomplete1 ,i h be5 able to select en\gh def9ite /atem5ts f !m to give an adequate idea ( bo? ,nietzs*e's !ories & conclusions 9 reg>d to ,nihilism4 ,9 ! second section ( ,volume ,i1 ,a ,criticism ( ! ,highe/ ,values ,t ,h ,prevail$ ,hi!rto1 ! notes are full] & m closely organis$4 ,?is is due to ! fact t ! gr\nd cov]$ by !m is 9 ! ma9 ! same gr\nd cov]$ by ,! ,anti*ri/1 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals & ,beyond ,good & ,evil4 ,9 fact1 !re is 9 ^! notes mu* repetition ( passages to be f\nd 9 ! ?ree previ\s volumes4 ,! fir/ subdivision ( ?is second section is call$ ,criticism ( ,religion1 & !re is little mat]ial 9 x :i* does n appe> 9 ,! ,anti*ri/4 ,ev5 9 ! mann] ( expression !re exi/s s /rong a simil>ity t ,i am incl9$ to ?9k ,nietzs*e us$ ^! notes 9 compos+ 8 fam\s philippic aga9/ ,*ri/ianity4 ,consequ5tly ,i h made b few quotations f ?is division1 *oos+ 9 ea* in/ance only su* passages z d n possess a direct p>allel 9 8 e>li] "w4 ,we f9d "h ! same inquiry into ! orig9 ( religions1 ! same analysis ( ,*ri/ian ideals1 ! same hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian doctr9es1 & ! same argum5t aga9/ ! dissem9ation ( ,*ri/ian fai?s z are conta9$ 9 ,! ,anti*ri/4 ,h[ev]1 ^! pres5t notes are suffici5tly diff]5t f ?is previ\s book to int]e/ ! ?or\gh /ud5t1 & !re are occasional speculations advanc$ :i* are n to be enc\nt]$ else:]e 9 ,nietzs*e's writ+s4 ,= ! casual read]1 h[ev]1 !re is little ( new int]e/ 9 ?is subdivision4 ,! same criticism holds true to a l>ge ext5t :5 we come to ! second subdivision ( ! second section ,a ,criticism ( ,morality4 ,9 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals we h a discussion ( practically all ! subjects consid]$ 9 ! pres5t notes1 su* z ! orig9 ( moral valuations1 ! basis ( consci5ce1 ! influ5ce ( ! h]d1 ! dom9ance ( virtue1 ! sl&] ( ! s-call$ evil man1 & ! significance ( su* words z improv+ & elevat+4 ,h[ev]1 !re is suffici5t new mat]ial 9 ^! notes to w>rant a read+1 = al?\gh1 despite a few exceptions1 !re are no new issues pos$1 c]ta9 po9ts :i* 7 put =? only 9 a speculative & abridg$ mann] 9 e>li] books1 are "h enl>g$ ^u4 ,?is is especially true 9 reg>d to ! doctr9e ( rank4 ,nietzs*e has be5 accus$ ( advocat+ only an individuali/ic morality4 ,b ! tru? is t he advanc$ two codes4 ,he prea*$ a morality = ! h]d1 a def9ite sy/em :i* suit$ ! ne$s ( ! s]v+ classes4 ,= ! sup]ior individuals1 on ! o!r h&1 he taught ano!r code1 "o :i* fitt$ & met ! ne$s ( ! rul]s4 ,! h]d morality has always s\ght to create & ma9ta9 a s+le type ( m$iocre man4 ,nietzs*e prea*$ ! necessity ( ! sup]ior1 z well z ! inf]ior1 type ( man2 & 9 8 pres5t notes he goes into ?is doctr9e m fully ?an h]et(ore4 ,fur!rmore1 he makes cle> 8 /& 9 reg>d to ! weak4 ,on page #bia he /ates1 ,i h decl>$ w> aga9/ ! anmic ,*ri/ian ideal 7toge!r ) :at is closely relat$ to x71 n because ,i want to annihilate x1 b only to put an end to its tyranny & cle> ! way = o!r ideals1 = m robu/ ideals4 ,x has be5 /at$1 ev5 9 qu>t]s :]e we h a "r to look = m intellig5t criticism1 t ,nietzs*e fav\r$ ! complete elim9ation ( ! weak & incompet5t4 ,no su* advocacy is to be f\nd 9 8 tea*+s4 ,to ! contr>y1 z w be se5 f ! above quotation1 he prea*$ only aga9/ ! dom9ance ( ! weak4 ,he res5t$ _! supremacy ov] ! intellig5t man4 ,_! exi/5ce1 he ma9ta9$1 0 a mo/ necess>y ?+4 ,?is belief is insi/$ ^u 9 _m places1 & "o %\ld be> ! po9t 9 m9d :5 read+ ! criticisms ( socialism to be f\nd ?r\gh\t ! pres5t volume4 ,ano!r new po9t to be f\nd 9 ^! notes relates to ! immoral me?ods us$ by ! dissem9ators ( morals4 ,f ! passages 9 :i* ^! new po9ts are rais$ ,i h tak5 ! quotations :i* foll[ at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,9 ! ?ird & la/ subdivision ( ?is second section1 ,criticism ( ,philosophy1 we h an ext5sion ( ,*apt] ,i 9 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 ,prejudices ( ,philosoph]s1 & ( ! two *apt]s 9 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols--,! ,problem ( ,socrates & ,reason 9 ,philosophy4 ,! notes 7except+ a few pages ( g5]al rem>ks7 occupy !mselves ) a criticism ( ,greek philosophy & ) an analysis ( philosophical tru?s & errors4 ,^! notes t\* only indirectly on ,nietzs*e's doctr9es1 & may be look$ ^u z explanations ( 8 intellectual me?ods4 ,despite _! fragm5t>9ess1 ! notes 9 ?is volume1 z ,i h said1 p]mit "o to ga9 an adequate idea ( ,nietzs*e's purpose4 ,9 mak+ my exc]pts f ?is book1 ,i h *os5 ^? passages :i* w ?r[ new light ^u 8 philosophy r ?an ^? /atem5ts ( conclusions :i* h be5 previ\sly enc\nt]$4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] volume ,i ,:at does ,nihilism mean8--,t ! highe/ values are los+ _! value4 #h ,?or\gh ,nihilism is ! conviction t life is absurd1 9 ! light ( ! highe/ values already discov]$2 x also includes ! view t we h n ! smalle/ "r to assume ! exi/5ce ( transc5d5tal objects or ?+s 9 !mselves1 :i* w\ld be ei!r div9e or morality inc>nate4 ,?is view is ! result ( fully develop$ tru?fulness3 !re=e a consequ5ce ( ! belief 9 morality4 #h ,moral valuations are condemnations1 negations2 morality is ! abdication ( ! w to live4 #ab ,all values ) :i* we h tri$1 hi!rto1 to l5d ! _w "s wor?1 f our po9t ( view1 & ) :i* we h !re=e depriv$ x ( all wor? 7once ^! values h be5 %[n to be inapplicable7--all ^! values1 are1 psy*ologically1 ! results ( c]ta9 views ( utility1 e/abli%$ = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ & increas+ ! dom9ion ( c]ta9 communities3 b falsely project$ into ! nature ( ?+s4 ,x is always man's exagg]at$ +5u\sness to reg>d himself z ! s5se & measure ( all ?+s4 #ae ,e purely moral valuation 7z1 = in/ance1 ! ,buddhi/ic7 t]m9ates 9 ,nihilism3 ,europe mu/ expect ! same ?+6 ,x is suppos$ t "o c get along ) a morality b]eft ( a religi\s backgr\nd2 b 9 ?is direction ! road to ,nihilism is op5$4 #ai ,nihilism is n only a m$itat+ ov] ! 9 va9--n only ! belief t ev]y?+ des]ves to p]i%2 b "o actually puts "o's %\ld] to ! pl\gh2 "o de/roys4 #bb ,! "t is com+ :5 we %all h to pay = hav+ be5 ,*ri/ians = two ?\s& ye>s3 we are los+ ! equilibrium :i* enables u to live--= a long :ile we %all n "k 9 :at direction we are travell+4 ,we are hurl+ ourselves headlong into ! opposite valuations1 ) t degree ( en]gy :i* c\ld only h be5 eng5d]$ 9 man by an ov]valuation ( himself4 ,n[1 ev]y?+ is false f ! root1 words & no?+ b words1 confus$1 feeble1 or ov]/ra9$4 #be ,mod]n ,pessimism is an expression ( ! uselessness only ( ! mod]n _w1 n ( ! _w & exi/5ce z su*4 #bi ,! prepond]ance ( pa9 ov] pleasure or ! rev]se 7,h$onism72 bo? ( ^! doctr9es are already signpo/s to ,nihilism4444 ,= "h1 9 bo? cases1 no o!r f9al purpose is s\ght ?an ! ph5om5on pleasure or pa94 #bi ,life is n wor? liv+2 ,resignation2 :at is ! good ( te>s8--?is is a feeble & s5tim5tal attitude ( m9d4 #bi-cj ,p h n yet se5 :at is s t]ribly obvi\s--namely1 t ,pessimism is n a problem b a symptom1--t ! t]m ought to be replac$ by ,nihilism1--t ! "q1 to be or n to be1 is itself an illness1 a sign ( deg5]acy1 an idiosyncrasy4 ,! ,nihili/ic movem5t is only an expression ( physiological decad5ce4 #cb ,decay1 decl9e1 & wa/e1 are1 p] se1 9 no way op5 to objection2 !y are ! natural consequ5ces ( life & vital gr[?4 ,! ph5om5on ( decad5ce is j z necess>y to life z advance or progress is3 we are n 9 a position :i* enables u to suppress x4 ,on ! contr>y1 reason w\ld h x reta9 its rights4 ,x is disgraceful on ! "p ( sociali/-!ori/s to argue t circum/ances & social comb9ations c\ld be devis$ :i* w\ld put an end to all vice1 illness1 crime1 pro/itution1 & pov]ty4444 ,b t is tantam\nt to condemn+ ,life4 #cc ,decad5ce itself is n a ?+ t c be )/ood3 x is absolutely necess>y & is prop] to all ages & all peoples4 ,t :i* mu/ be )/ood1 & by all means 9 our p[]1 is ! spread+ ( ! contagion among ! s\nd p>ts ( ! organism4 #cc-cd ,all ^? ?+s :i* h]et(ore h be5 reg>d$ z ! causes ( deg5]ation1 are really its effects4 #cd ,if ,nature h no pity on ! deg5]ate1 x is n !re=e immoral3 ! gr[? ( physiological & moral evils 9 ! human race1 is r ! result ( morbid & unnatural morality4 #dd ,! :ole ( our sociology kn[s no o!r in/9ct ?an t ( ! h]d1 i4e41 ( a multitude ( m]e ciph]s--( :i* e ciph] has equal rights1 & :]e x is a virtue to be--naught4 #de ,nihilism is a sign t ! bot*$ & bungl$ h no long] any consolation1 t !y de/roy 9 ord] to be de/roy$1 t1 hav+ be5 depriv$ ( morality1 !y no long] h any reason to resign !mselves1 t !y take up _! /& on ! t]ritory ( ! opposite pr9ciple1 & w also ex]cise p[] !mselves1 by compell+ ! p[]ful to become _! hangm54 #eb ,our age1 ) its indiscrim9ate endeav\rs to mitigate di/ress1 to hon\r x1 & to wage w> 9 advance ) unpleasant possibilities1 is an age ( ! poor4 #eg ,ov]work1 curiosity & sympa?y--our mod]n vices4 #fd ,*ri/ianity1 revolution1 ! abolition ( slav]y1 equal rights1 philan?ropy1 love ( peace1 ju/ice1 tru?3 all ^! big words are only valuable 9 a /ruggle1 z bann]s3 n z realities1 b z %[words1 = some?+ q diff]5t 7yea1 ev5 q oppos$ to :at !y mean674 #fh ,! n9ete5? c5tury %[s no advance :atev] on ! sixte5?3 & ! ,g]man _s ( #ahhh is an example ( a backw>d movem5t :5 comp>$ ) t ( #aghh4444 ,mank9d does n advance1 x does n ev5 exi/4 ,! aspect ( ! :ole is mu* m l t ( a huge exp]im5t+ work%op :]e "s ?+s 9 all ages succe$1 :ile an incalculable numb] ( ?+s fail2 :]e all ord]1 logic1 co-ord9ation1 & responsibility is lack+4 ,h[ d>e we bl9k ! fact t ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity is a decad5t movem5t8--t ! ,g]man ,re=mation 0 a recrudesc5ce ( ,*ri/ian b>b>ism8--t ! ,revolution de/roy$ ! in/9ct = an organisation ( society on a l>ge scale8444 ,man is n an example ( progress z comp>$ ) animals3 ! t5d] son ( culture is an abortion comp>$ ) ! ,arab or ! ,corsican2 ! ,*9aman is a m successful type--t is to say1 ri*] 9 su/a9+ p[] ?an ! ,european4 #gb-gc ,i "k be/ :y man is ! only animal t laughs3 he alone suff]s s excruciat+ly t he 0 compell$ to inv5t laught]4 ,! unhappie/ & mo/ melan*oly animal is1 z might h be5 expect$1 ! mo/ *e]ful4 #gd ,socialism--or ! tyranny ( ! meane/ & ! mo/ bra9less1--t is to say1 ! sup]ficial1 ! envi\s1 & ! mumm]s1 br\ght to its z5i?1--is1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! logical conclusion ( mod]n ideas & _! lat5t an>*y3 b 9 ! g5ial atmosph]e ( democratic well-be+ ! capacity = =m+ resolutions or ev5 = com+ to an end at all1 is p>alys$4 ,m5 w foll[--b no long] _! reason4 ,t is :y socialism is on ! :ole a hopelessly bitt] affair3 & !re is no?+ m amus+ ?an to obs]ve ! discord betwe5 ! poison\s & desp]ate faces ( pres5t-day sociali/s--& :at wret*$ & nons5sical feel+s does n _! /yle reveal to u6--& ! *ildi% lamblike happ9ess ( _! hopes & desires4 #ajb ,?is is ! tea*+ :i* life itself prea*es to all liv+ ?+s3 ! morality ( ,developm5t4 ,to h & to wi% to h m1 9 a ^w1 ,gr[?--t is life itself4 ,9 ! tea*+ ( socialism a w to ! d5ial ( life is b poorly conceal$3 bot*$ m5 & races !y mu/ be :o h devis$ a tea*+ ( ?is sort4 #ajb ,spiritual enlight5m5t is an unfail+ means ( mak+ m5 unc]ta91 weak ( w1 & ne$ful ( succ\r & support2 9 %ort1 ( develop+ ! h]d+ in/9cts 9 !m4 #aje ,:5 ! feel+ ( p[] sudd5ly seizes & ov]:elms a man1--& ?is takes place 9 ! case ( all ! great passions1--a d\bt arises 9 him conc]n+ 8 own p]son3 he d>e n ?9k himself ! cause ( ?is a/oni%+ s5sation--& ?us he posits a /rong] p]son1 a ,godhead z its cause1 #aad-aae ,religion has l[]$ ! concept man2 its ultimate conclusion is t all goodness1 greatness1 & tru? are sup]human1 & are only obta9able by ! grace ( ,god4 #aaf ,9 %ort3 :at is ! price paid = ! improvem5t suppos$ to be due to morality8--,! unh++ ( reason1 ! r$uction ( all motives to fe> & hope 7puni%m5t & rew>d72 dep5d5ce ^u ! tutelage ( prie/s1 & ^u a =mul>y exactitude :i* is suppos$ to express a div9e w2 ! implantation ( a consci5ce :i* e/abli%es a false sci5ce 9 ! place ( exp]i5ce & exp]im5t3 z ?\gh all "o _h to d or _h n to d 7 pr$et]m9$--a k9d ( contraction ( ! seek+ & /riv+ _s2--9 %ort3 ! wor/ mutilation ( man t c be imag9$1 & x is pret5d$ t ! good man is ! result4 #abb-abc ,paganism is t :i* says yea to all t is natural1 x is innoc5ce 9 be+ natural1 naturalness4 ,*ri/ianity is t :i* says no to all t is natural1 x is a c]ta9 lack ( dignity 9 be+ natural2 ho/ility to ,nature4 #abg ,*ri/ianity is a deg5]ative movem5t1 consi/+ ( all k9ds ( decay+ & excrem5tal elem5ts3 x is n ! expression ( ! d[nfall ( a race1 x is1 f ! root1 an agglom]ation ( all ! morbid elem5ts :i* are mutually attractive & :i* gravitate to "o ano!r4 ,x is !re=e n a national religion1 n det]m9$ by race3 x appeals to ! dis9h]it$ ev]y:]e2 x consi/s ( a f\ndation ( res5tm5t aga9/ all t is successful & dom9ant3 x is 9 ne$ ( a symbol :i* repres5ts ! damnation ( ev]y?+ successful & dom9ant4 ,x is oppos$ to e =m ( intellectual movem5t1 to all philosophy3 x takes up ! cudgels = idiots1 & utt]s a curse ^u all intellect4 ,res5tm5t aga9/ ^? :o are gift$1 le>n$1 intellectually indep5d5t3 9 all ^! x suspects ! elem5t ( success & dom9ation4 #acj ,all ,*ri/ian tru?1 is idle falsehood & deception1 & is precisely ! rev]se ( t :i* 0 at ! bottom ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian movem5t4 #acc ,to be really ,*ri/ian w\ld mean to be absolutely indiff]5t to dogmas1 cults1 prie/s1 *ur*1 & !ology4 #acc ,a ,god :o di$ = our s9s1 salvation ?r\gh fai?1 resurrection aft] dea?--all ^! ?+s are ! c\nt]feit co9s ( real-,*ri/ianity1 = :i* t p]nici\s blockhead ,paul mu/ be held responsible4 #ach ,*ri/ianity has1 f ! fir/1 always trans=m$ ! symbolical into crude realities3 7#a7 ,! anti!ses true life & false life 7 misund]/ood & *ang$ into life "h & life beyond4 7#b7 ,! notion et]nal life1 z oppos$ to ! p]sonal life :i* is ephem]al1 is translat$ into p]sonal immortality2 7#c7 ,! process ( frat]nis+ by means ( %>+ ! same food & dr9k1 aft] ! ,hebrew-,arabian mann]1 is int]pret$ z ! miracle ( transub/antiation4 7#d7 ,resurrection :i* 0 int5d$ to mean ! entrance to ! true life1 9 ! s5se ( be+ intellectually born aga91 becomes an hi/orical cont+5cy1 suppos$ to take place at "s mom5t aft] dea?2 7#e7 ,! tea*+ ( ! ,son ( man z ! ,son ( ,god1--t is to say1 ! life-relation%ip betwe5 man & ,god1--becomes ! second p]son ( ! ,tr9ity1 & ?us ! filial relation%ip ( e man--ev5 ! l[e/--to ,god1 is done away )2 7#f7 ,salvation ?r\gh fai? 7t is to say1 t !re is no o!r way to ?is filial relation%ip to ,god save ?r\gh ! practice ( life taught by ,*ri/7 becomes trans=m$ into ! belief t !re is a miracul\s way ( aton+ = all s92 ?\gh n ?r\gh our own endeav\rs1 b by means ( ,*ri/3 ,= all ^! purposes1 ,*ri/ on ! ,cross _h to be int]pret$ afre%4 ,! dea? itself w\ld c]ta9ly n be ! pr9cipal feature ( ! ev5t 444 x 0 only ano!r sign po9t+ to ! way 9 :i* "o %\ld behave t[>ds ! au?orities & ! laws ( ! _w --t "o 0 n to def5d oneself--?is 0 ! exempl>y life4 #aci-adj ,! ,gospel is ! ann\ncem5t t ! road to happ9ess lies op5 = ! l[ly & ! poor--t all "o has to d is to emancipate "o's self f all in/itutions1 traditions1 & ! tutelage ( ! high] classes4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity is no m ?an ! typical tea*+ ( ,sociali/s4 ,prop]ty1 acquisitions1 "m-c\ntry1 /atus & rank1 tribunals1 ! police1 ! ,/ate1 ! ,*ur*1 ,education1 ,art1 milit>ism3 all ^! are s _m ob/acles 9 ! way ( happ9ess1 s _m mi/akes1 sn>es1 & devil's artifices1 on :i* ! ,gospel passes s5t5ce--all ?is is typical ( sociali/ic doctr9es4 ,beh9d all ?is !re is ! outbur/1 ! explosion ( a conc5trat$ loa?+ ( ! ma/]s--! in/9ct :i* disc]ns ! happ9ess ( fre$om aft] su* long oppression4 #agc-agd ,*ri/ianity is a d5aturalisation ( greg>i\s morality3 "u ! p[] ( ! mo/ complete misappreh5sions & self-deceptions4 ,democracy is a m natural =m ( x1 & less s[n ) falsehood4 ,x is a fact t ! oppress$1 ! l[1 & :ole mob ( slaves & half-ca/es1 w prevail4 ,fir/ /ep3 !y make !mselves free--!y deta* !mselves1 at fir/ 9 fancy only2 !y recognise ea* o!r2 !y make !mselves p>am\nt4 ,second /ep3 !y ent] ! li/s1 !y dem& ackn[l$gm5t1 equal rights1 ,ju/ice4 ,?ird /ep3 !y dem& privileges 7!y draw ! repres5tatives ( p[] ov] to _! side74 ,f\r? /ep3 !y alone want all p[]1 & !y h x4 #agg ,:5 & :]e has any man1 ( any note at all1 resembl$ ! ,*ri/ian ideal8--at lea/ 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o are psy*ologi/s & tri]s ( ! he>t & re9s4 ,look at all ,plut>*'s h]oes6 #ahj ,! high] man di/+ui%es himself f ! l[] by 8 fe>lessness & 8 read9ess to *all5ge mis=tune3 x is a sign ( deg5]ation :5 eudemoni/ic values beg9 to prevail 7physiological fatigue & enfeeblem5t ( w-p[]74 ,*ri/ianity1 ) its prospect ( bless$ness1 is ! typical attitude ( m9d ( a suff]+ & impov]i%$ species ( man4 ,abundant /r5g? w be active1 w suff]1 & w g "u4 #ahb ,all ideals are dang]\s2 because !y l[] & br& realities2 !y are all poisons4 #ahc ,^! conditions ( salvation ( :i* ! ,*ri/ian is consci\s are m]ely v>iations ( ! same diseas$ /ate--! int]pretation ( an attack ( epilepsy by means ( a p>ticul> =mula :i* is provid$1 n by sci5ce1 b by religi\s mania4 #aij ,a pang ( consci5ce 9 a man is a sign t 8 "* is n yet equal to 8 de$4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z a pang ( consci5ce aft] good de$s3 9 ?is case x is _! unfamili>ity1 _! incompatibility ) an old environm5t4 #aib ,we immorali/s pref] to disbelieve 9 faults4 ,we believe t all de$s1 ( :at k9d soev]1 are id5tically ! same at root2 j z de$s :i* turn aga9/ u may be useful f an economical po9t ( view1 & ev5 g5]ally desirable4 ,9 c]ta9 individual cases1 we admit t we might well h be5 sp>$ a giv5 action2 ! circum/ances alone pr$ispos$ u 9 its fav\r4 ,:i* ( u1 if fav\r$ by circum/ances1 w\ld n already h committ$ e possible crime8 444 ,t is :y1 "o %\ld nev] say3 ,?\ %\ld/ nev] h done su* & su* a ?+1 b only3 ,h[ /range x is t ,i h n done su* & su* a ?+ hundr$s ( times already6--,z a matt] ( fact1 only a v small numb] ( acts are typical acts & real epitomes ( a p]sonality1 & see+ :at a small numb] ( p really are p]sonalities1 a s+le act v r>ely *>act]ises a man4 ,acts are mo/ly dictat$ by circum/ances2 !y are sup]ficial or m]ely reflex movem5ts p]=m$ 9 response to a /imulus1 long be=e ! dep?s ( our be+s are affect$ or consult$ 9 ! matt]4 #aib-aic4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u t1 9 e case 9 :i* a man has elevat$ himself to any great ext5t above ! av]age ( 8 fell[s1 e high degree ( p[] always involves a correspond+ degree ( fre$om f ,good & ,evil z also f true & false1 & _c take into acc\nt :at goodness dictates4 #bjj ,:at is ,*ri/ian virtue & love ( m51 if n precisely ?is mutual assi/ance ) a view to survival1 ?is solid>ity ( ! weak1 ?is ?w>t+ ( selection8 ,:at is ,*ri/ian altruism1 if x is n ! mob-egotism ( ! weak :i* div9es t1 if ev]ybody looks aft] ev]ybody else1 e individual w be pres]v$ = a long] p]iod ( "t8444 ,he :o does n consid] ?is attitude ( m9d z immoral1 z a crime aga9/ life1 himself belongs to ! sickly cr[d1 & also %>es _! in/9cts4444 ,g5u9e love ( mank9d exacts sacrifice = ! good ( ! species--x is h>d1 full ( self-control1 because x ne$s human sacrifices4 #bjc ,:at des]ves ! mo/ rigor\s condemnation1 is ! ambigu\s & c[>dly infirmity ( purpose ( a religion l ,*ri/ianity1--or r l ! ,*ur*1--:i*1 in/ead ( recomm5d+ dea? & self-de/ruction1 actually protects all ! bot*$ & bungl$1 & enc\rages !m to propagate _! k9d4 #bjd ,let u see :at ! g5u9e ,*ri/ian does ( all ! ?+s :i* 8 in/9cts =bid him to d3--he cov]s beauty1 pride1 ri*es1 self-reliance1 brilliancy1 k1 & p[] ) suspicion & mud--9 %ort1 all culture3 8 object is to deprive ! latt] ( its clean consci5ce4 #bjj ,:at is x we combat 9 ,*ri/ianity8 ,t x aims at de/roy+ ! /rong1 at break+ _! _s1 at exploit+ _! mom5ts ( we>9ess & debility1 at conv]t+ _! pr\d assurance into anxiety & consci5ce-tr\ble2 t x kn[s h[ to poison ! noble/ in/9cts & to infect !m ) disease1 until _! /r5g?1 _! w to p[]1 turns inw>ds1 aga9/ !mselves--until ! /rong p]i% ?r\gh _! excessive self-contempt & self-immolation4 #bji ,all virtues %\ld be look$ ^u z physiological conditions4 #bac ,=m]ly x 0 said ( e =m ( morality1 ,ye %all "k !m by _! fruits4 ,i say ( e =m ( morality3 ,x is a fruit1 & f x ,i le>n ! ,soil out ( :i* x grew4 #bad ,my lead+ doctr9e is ?is3 !re are no moral ph5om5a1 b only a moral int]pretation ( ph5om5a4 ,! orig9 ( ?is int]pretation itself lies beyond ! pale ( morality4 #bad ,! :ole ( morality ( ,europe is bas$ ^u ! values :i* are useful to ! h]d4 #bbh ,! h]d reg>ds ! exception1 :e!r x be above or b5ea? its g5]al level1 z some?+ :i* is antagoni/ic & dang]\s to itself4 ,_! trick 9 deal+ ) ! exceptions above !m1 ! /rong1 ! mighty1 ! wise1 & ! fruitful1 is to p]suade !m to become gu>dians1 h]dsm51 & wat*m5--9 fact1 to become _! head-s]vants3 ?us !y conv]t a dang] into a ?+ :i* is useful4 #bca ,my tea*+ is ?is1 t ! h]d seeks to ma9ta9 & pres]ve "o type ( man1 & t x def5ds itself on two sides--t is to say1 aga9/ ^? :i* are decad5ts f its ranks 7crim9als1 etc471 & aga9/ ^? :o rise sup]ior to its dead level4 #bcf ,my philosophy aims at a new ord] ( rank3 n at an individuali/ic morality4 ,! _s ( ! h]d %\ld rule )9 ! h]d--b n beyond x3 ! lead]s ( ! h]d require a fundam5tally diff]5t valuation = _! actions4 #bcg ,consci5ce condemns an action because t action has be5 condemn$ = a long p]iod ( "t3 all consci5ce does is to imitate3 x does n create values4 ,t :i* fir/ l$ to ! condemnation ( c]ta9 actions1 0 n consci5ce3 b ! k ( 7or ! prejudice aga9/7 its consequ5ces4444 ,! approbation ( consci5ce1 ! feel+ ( well-be+1 ( inn] peace1 is ( ! same ord] ( emotions z ! arti/'s joy ov] 8 "w--x proves no?+4 #bdb ,by :at means does a virtue atta9 to p[]8--,) precisely ! same means z a political p>ty3 sl&]1 suspicion1 ! und]m9+ ( oppos+ virtues t happ5 to be already 9 p[]1 ! *ang+ ( _! names1 sy/ematic p]secution & scorn2 9 %ort1 by means ( acts ( g5]al immorality4 #beb ,cruelty has become trans=m$ & elevat$ into tragic pity1 s t we no long] recognise x z su*4 ,! same has happ5$ to ! love ( ! sexes :i* has become am\r-passion2 ! slavi% attitude ( m9d appe>s z ,*ri/ian ob$i5ce2 wret*$ness becomes humility2 ! disease ( ! n]vus sympa?icus1 = in/ance1 is eulogis$ z ,pessimism1 ,pascalism1 or ,c>lylism1 etc4 #bec ,! qualities :i* con/itute ! /r5g? ( an oppos+ race or class are decl>$ to be ! mo/ evil & p]nici\s ?+s x has3 = by means ( !m x may be h>mful to u4 #bee ,i recognise virtue 9 t3 7#a7 x does n insi/ ^u be+ recognis$2 7#b7 x does n presuppose ! exi/5ce ( virtue ev]y:]e1 b precisely some?+ else2 7#c7 x does n suff] f ! abs5ce ( virtue1 b reg>ds x r z a relation ( p]spective :i* ?r[s virtue into relief3 x does n proclaim itself2 7#d7 x makes no propag&a2 7#e7 x all[s no "o to pose z judge because x is always a p]sonal virtue2 7#f7 x does precisely :at is g5]ally =bidd53 virtue z ,i und]/& x is ! actual vetitum )9 all greg>i\s legislation2 7#g7 9 %ort1 ,i recognise virtue 9 t x is 9 ! ,r5aissance /yle--virtu--free f all moralic acid4 #beh ,lu/ ( prop]ty1 lu/ ( p[]1 laz9ess1 simplicity1 fe>2 all ^! ?+s are int]e/$ 9 virtue2 t is :y x /&s s securely4 #bfa ,vice is a some:at arbitr>y epitome ( c]ta9 effects result+ f physiological deg5]acy4 ,a g5]al proposition su* z t :i* ,*ri/ianity tea*es1 namely1 ,man is evil1 w\ld be ju/ifi$ provid$ "o 7 ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ a giv5 type ( deg5]ate man z normal4 ,b ?is may be an exagg]ation4 ,( c\rse1 :]ev] ,*ri/ianity prosp]s & prevails1 ! proposition holds good3 = !n ! exi/5ce ( an unheal?y soil--( a deg5]ate t]ritory--is demon/rat$4 #bfi ,x is difficult to h suffici5t respect = man1 :5 "o sees h[ he und]/&s ! art ( fight+ 8 way1 ( endur+1 ( turn+ circum/ances to 8 own advantage1 & ( ov]?r[+ oppon5ts2 b :5 he is se5 9 ! light ( 8 desires1 he is ! mo/ absurd ( all animals4 #bfi ,z to ! :ole sociali/ic ideal3 x is no?+ b a blockhead$ misund]/&+ ( ! ,*ri/ian moral ideal4 #bge ,an ideal :i* is /riv+ to prevail or to ass]t itself endeav\rs to fur!r its purpose 7a7 by lay+ claim to a spuri\s orig92 7b7 by assum+ a relation%ip betwe5 itself & ! p[]ful ideals already exi/+2 7c7 by means ( ! ?rill produc$ by my/]y1 z ?\gh an unque/ionable p[] 7 manife/+ itself2 7d7 by ! sl&] ( its oppon5ts' ideals2 7e7 by a ly+ tea*+ ( ! advantages :i* foll[ 9 its wake1 = in/ance3 happ9ess1 spiritual peace1 g5]al peace1 or ev5 ! assi/ance ( a mighty ,god4 #bgh ,my view3 all ! =ces & in/9cts :i* are ! s\rce ( life are ly+ b5ea? ! ban ( morality3 morality is ! life-d5y+ in/9ct4 ,morality mu/ be annihilat$ if life is to be emancipat$4 #bgh ,e "o's desire is t !re %\ld be no o!r tea*+ & valuation ( ?+s ?an ^? by means ( :i* he himself succe$s4 ,?us ! fundam5tal t5d5cy ( ! weak & m$iocre ( all times1 has be5 to enfeeble ! /rong & to r$uce !m to ! level ( ! weak3 _! *ief weapon 9 ?is process 0 ! moral pr9ciple4 ,! attitude ( ! /rong t[>ds ! weak is br&$ z evil2 ! highe/ /ates ( ! /rong become bad bywords4 #bgi ,e small community 7or individual71 f9d+ itself involv$ 9 a /ruggle1 /rives to conv9ce itself ( ?is3 ,good ta/e1 good judgm5t1 & virtue are ours4 ,w> urges p to ?is exagg]at$ self-e/eem4 #bha ,:atev] k9d ( ecc5tric ideal "o may h 7:e!r z a ,*ri/ian1 a free-_s1 an immorali/1 or a ,g]man ,imp]iali/71 "o %\ld try to avoid insi/+ ^u its be+ ! ideal2 =1 by s do+1 x is depriv$ ( all its privileg$ nature4 ,"o %\ld h an ideal z a di/9ction2 "o %\ld n propagate x1 & ?us level "o's self d[n to ! re/ ( mank9d4 #bha ,real h]oism consi/s1 n 9 fight+ "u ! bann] ( self-sacrifice1 submission & dis9t]e/$ness1 b 9 n fight+ at all4444 ,i am ?us3 ,i w be ?us--& y c g to ! devil6 #bhb ,mode/1 indu/ri\s1 b5evol5t1 & temp]ate3 ?us y w\ld t m5 78--t good m5 78 ,b su* m5 ,i c only conceive z slaves1 ! slaves ( ! future4 #bhi ,indu/ry1 mode/y1 b5evol5ce1 temp]ance1 are j s _m ob/acles 9 ! way ( sov]eign s5tim5ts1 ( great +5uity1 ( an h]oic purpose1 ( noble exi/5ce = "o's self4 #bij ,i h decl>$ w> aga9/ ! anmic ,*ri/ian ideal 7toge!r ) :at is closely relat$ to x71 n because ,i want to annihilate x1 b only to put an end to its tyranny & cle> ! way = o!r ideals1 = m robu/ ideals4 #bia ,if "o does good m]ely out ( pity1 x is "o's self & n "o's neighb\r t "o is succ\r+4 #bid ,"o is cont9ually promot+ ! int]e/s ( "o's 'ego' at ! co/ ( o!r p2 ,liv+ consi/s 9 liv+ at ! co/ ( o!rs--he :o has n grasp$ ?is fact1 has n tak5 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds tru? to himself4 #bid ,a morality & a religion ( love1 ! curb+ ( ! self-affirm+ _s1 & a doctr9e enc\rag+ pati5ce1 resignation1 helpfulness1 & co-op]ation 9 ^w & de$ may be ( ! highe/ value )9 ! conf9es ( su* classes1 ev5 9 ! eyes ( _! rul]s3 = x re/ra9s ! feel+s ( rivalry1 ( res5tm5t1 & ( envy1--feel+s :i* are only too natural 9 ! bungl$ & ! bot*$1--& x ev5 deifies !m "u ! ideal ( humility1 ( ob$i5ce1 ( slave-life1 ( be+-rul$1 ( pov]ty1 ( illness1 & ( l[l9ess4 ,?is expla9s :y ! rul+ classes 7or races7 & individuals ( all ages h always upheld ! cult ( unselfi%ness1 ! gospel ( ! l[ly & ( ,god on ! ,cross4 #bif ,! hatr$ ( egoism1 :e!r x be "o's own 7z 9 ! case ( ! ,sociali/s7 appe>s z a valuation rea*$ "u ! pr$om9ance ( rev5ge2 & also z an act ( prud5ce on ! "p ( ! pres]vative in/9ct ( ! suff]+1 9 ! =m ( an increase 9 _! feel+s ( co-op]ation & unity4444 ,at bottom1 ! dis*>ge ( res5tm5t :i* takes place 9 ! act ( judg+1 reject+1 & puni%+ egoism 7"o's own or t ( o!rs7 is /ill a self-pres]vative measure on ! "p ( ! bungl$ & ! bot*$4 ,9 %ort3 ! cult ( altruism is m]ely a p>ticul> =m ( egoism1 :i* regul>ly appe>s "u c]ta9 def9ite physiological circum/ances4 ,:5 ! ,sociali/1 ) righte\s indignation1 cries = ju/ice1 rights1 equal rights1 x only %[s t he is oppress$ by 8 inadequate culture1 & is unable to und]/& :y he suff]s3 he also f9ds pleasure 9 cry+2--if he 7 m at ease he w\ld take jolly good c>e n to cry 9 t way3 9 t case he w\ld seek 8 pleasure else:]e4 ,! same holds good ( ! ,*ri/ian3 he curses1 condemns1 & sl&]s ! _w--& does n ev5 except himself4 ,b t is no reason = tak+ him s]i\sly4 ,9 bo? cases we are 9 ! pres5ce ( invalids :o feel bett] = cry+1 & :o f9d relief 9 sl&]4 #bih ,i value a man accord+ to ! quantum ( p[] & fulness ( 8 w2 n accord+ to ! enfeeblem5t & moribund /ate !re(4 ,i consid] t a philosophy :i* tea*es ! d5ial ( w is bo? defamatory & sl&]\s4444 ,i te/ ! p[] ( a w accord+ to ! am\nt ( resi/ance x c (f] & ! am\nt ( pa9 & torture x c endure & "k h[ to turn to its own advantage2 ,i d n po9t to ! evil & pa9 ( exi/5ce ) ! f+] ( reproa*1 b r ent]ta9 ! hope t life may "o day be m evil & m full ( suff]+ ?an x has ev] be54 #cjd ,my ultimate conclusion is1 t ! real man repres5ts a mu* high] value ?an ! desirable man ( any ideal t has ev] exi/$ hi!rto2 t all desid]ata 9 reg>d to mank9d h be5 absurd & dang]\s dissipations by means ( :i* a p>ticul> k9d ( man has s\ght to e/abli% 8 measures ( pres]vation & ( gr[? z a law = all2 t e desid]atum ( ?is k9d :i* has be5 made to dom9ate has r$uc$ man's wor?1 8 /r5g?1 & 8 tru/ 9 ! future2 t ! indig5ce & m$iocre intellectuality ( man becomes mo/ app>5t1 ev5 to-day1 :5 he reveals a desire2 t man's ability to fix values has hi!rto be5 develop$ too inadequately to d ju/ice to ! actual1 n m]ely to ! desirable1 wor? ( man2 t1 up to ! pres5t1 ideals h really be5 ! p[] :i* has mo/ sl&]$ man & p[]1 ! poison\s fumes :i* h hung ov] reality1 & :i* h s$uc$ m5 to ye>n = non5tity4444 #caa ,"o mu/ be v immoral 9 ord] to make p moral by de$s4 ,! morali/'s means are ! mo/ t]rible t h ev] be5 us$2 he :o has n ! c\rage to be an immorali/ 9 de$s may be fit = any?+ else1 b n = ! duties ( a morali/4 #cad ,! prie/s ( all ages h always pret5d$ t !y wi%$ to improve4444 ,b we1 ( ano!r p]suasion1 w\ld laugh if a lion-tam] ev] wi%$ to speak to u ( 8 improv$ animals4 ,z a rule1 ! tam+ ( a bea/ is only a*iev$ by det]iorat+ x3 ev5 ! moral man is n a bett] man2 he is r a weak] memb] ( 8 species4 #cai ,up to ! pres5t1 morality has develop$ at ! co/ (3 ! rul+ classes & _! specific in/9cts1 ! well-con/itut$ & beautiful natures1 ! indep5d5t & privileg$ classes 9 all respects4 ,morality1 !n1 is a sort ( c\nt]-movem5t oppos+ ,nature's endeav\rs to arrive at a high] type4 ,its effects are3 mi/ru/ ( life 9 g5]al 79 s f> z its t5d5cies are felt to be immoral71--ho/ility t[>ds ! s5ses 7inasmu* z ! highe/ values are felt to be oppos$ to ! high] in/9cts74--,deg5]ation & self-de/ruction ( high] natures1 because x is precisely 9 !m t ! conflict becomes consci\s4#cba ,suppose ! /rong 7 ma/]s 9 all respects1 ev5 9 valu+3 let u try & ?9k :at _! attitude w\ld be t[>ds illness1 suff]+1 & sacrifice4 ,self-contempt on ! "p ( ! weak w\ld be ! result3 !y w\ld d _! utmo/ to disappe> & to extirpate _! k9d4 ,& w\ld ?is be desirable8--%\ld we really l a _w 9 :i* ! subtlety1 ! consid]ation1 ! intellectuality1 ! pla/icity--9 fact1 ! :ole influ5ce ( ! weak--0 lack+8 444 #cbc ,"u ,spiritual fre$om ,i und]/& some?+ v def9ite3 x is a /ate 9 :i* "o is a hundr$ times sup]ior to philosoph]s & o!r disciples ( tru? 9 "o's sev]ity t[>ds "o's self1 9 "o's uprightness1 9 "o's c\rage1 & 9 "o's absolute w to say nay ev5 :5 x is dang]\s to say nay4 ,i reg>d ! philosoph]s t h appe>$ h]et(ore z contemptible lib]t9es hid+ beh9d ! petticoats ( ! female ,tru?4 #chd ,,xii ,! ,w to ,p[] ,volume ,,ii ,! second volume ( ,! ,w to ,p[]1 ev5 9 its pres5t fragm5t>y =m1 is ! mo/ important ( ,nietzs*e's works4 ,x draws toge!r "u "o cov] _m ( ! lead+ doctr9es voic$ 9 8 pr9cipal con/ructive books1 & 9 addition /ates !m 9 t]ms ( 8 fundam5tal po/ulate--! w to p[]4 ,9 ,volume ,i ( ?is "w we _h ! application ( ?is doctr9e to morality1 religion & philosophy4 ,9 ! pres5t book x is appli$ to sci5ce1 nature1 society1 bre$+ & art4 ,! notes are m analytical ?an 9 ! =m] volume2 & ! subject-matt] is 9 itself ( great] importance1 be+ m directly conc]n$ ) ! exposition ( ,nietzs*e's ma9 !ory4 ,volume ,,ii is also full] & m homog5e\s1 & conta9s mu* new mat]ial4 ,s compact is its organisation t "o is able to ga9 a v adequate idea ( ! purpose :i* animat$ ,nietzs*e at ! "t ( mak+ ^! notes4 ,! w to p[]1 ! pr9ciple :i* ,nietzs*e held to be ! elem5t>y expression ( life1 mu/ be und]/ood 9 ord] = "o to compreh5d ! ,nietzs*ean sy/em ( e?ics4 ,?r\gh\t all ! books :i* foll[$ ,! ,joyful ,wisdom we h indirect ref]5ces to x & conclusions bas$ on its assumption z a hypo!sis4 ,&1 al?\gh x 0 nev] def9itely & f9ally def9$ until ! publication ( ! notes compris+ ,! ,w to ,p[]1 x nev]!less 0 ! actuat+ motive 9 all ,nietzs*e's con/ructive writ+s4 ,simply /at$1 ! w to p[] is ! biological in/9ct to ma9t5ance1 p]si/5ce & developm5t4 ,nietzs*e holds t ,d>w9's univ]sal law ( ! in/9ct to m]e survival is a mis9t]pretation ( ! =ces at "w 9 life4 ,he po9ts out t exi/5ce is a condition--a m$ium ( action--& by no means an end4 ,x is true t only ! fitte/ survive 9 nature z a result ( ! t5d5cy to exi/2 b ?is !ory does n acc\nt = ! activities :i* take place aft] exi/5ce has be5 assur$4 ,9 ord] to expla9 ^! activities ,nietzs*e advances ! !ory ( ! w to p[] & te/s all actions by x4 ,x w be se5 t by ?is !ory ! univ]sal law ( ,d>w9 is by no means abrogat$1 b r is x expla9$ & develop$4 ,9 ! op]ation ( ,d>w9's biological law !re are _m =ces at "w4 ,t is to say1 once ! fact ( exi/5ce is e/abli%$1 num]\s =ces c be f\nd at "w )9 ! limits ( exi/5ce4 ,we "k t ! =ces ( nature--act+ )9 ! m$ium ( exi/5ce :i* is an a priori condition--are r>ely unifi$ & direct$ t[>d ! same result4 ,9 %ort1 !y are n reciprocal4 ,to ! contr>y1 !y "w m (t5 aga9/ ea* o!r--!y are antagoni/ic4 ,imm$iately a w> ( =ces takes place2 & x is ?is w> t con/itutes all action 9 nature4 ,a =ce 9 nature direct$ at ano!r =ce calls =? a resi/ance & c\nt]-=ce2 & ?is in/9ct to act & to resi/ is 9 itself a w to act4 ,o!rwise1 in]tia w\ld be ! condition ( life1 once m]e exi/5ce 0 assur$ by ! fitte/4 ,b life is n in]t4 ,ev5 :5 c]ta9 organisms h accompli%$ ! victory = exi/5ce1 & are no long] mov$ by a necessity to /ruggle = m]e be+1 ! w to action p]si/s2 & ?is w to action1 accord+ to ,nietzs*e1 is ! w = p[]1 = 9 e cla% ( =ces1 !re is an attempt on ! "p ( ea* =ce to ov]come & resi/ ! antagoni/ic "o4 ,! great] ! action1 ! great] ! antagonism4 ,h5ce1 ?is t5d5cy 9 all =ces to p]si/ is at bottom a t5d5cy ( self-ass]tion1 ( ov]com+ c\nt]-=ces1 ( augm5t+ individual p[]4 ,:]ev] ?is w to p]si/ is f\nd1 ,nietzs*e argues t ! w to act is pres5t2 & !re c be no w to act )\t a w to p[]1 because ! v desire = exi/5ce & developm5t is a desire = p[]4 ,?is1 9 brief1 is ,nietzs*e's doctr9e appli$ to ! organic & inorganic _w4 ,9 its application to ! ideological _w1 ! reason+ is n *ang$4 ,9 ideas ,nietzs*e f9ds ?is same w to p[]4 ,b 9 !m x is ! reflection ( ! pr9ciple inh]5t 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,!re is no w inh]5t 9 ideas4 ,?is assumption ( a reflect$ w to p[] 9 ! ideological _w is "o ( ,nietzs*e's mo/ important concepts1 = x makes all ideas ! outgr[? ( ourselves1 & !re=e dep5d5t on natural laws4 ,x does away ) ! conception ( sup]natural p[] & ) ! old philosophical belief t ideas are sup]ior =ces to ^? ( ! organic & inorganic _w4 ,nietzs*e once & = all disposes ( ! !ory t !re is any?+ m p[]ful ?an =ce1 & by ?us do+ away ) ?is belief1 he rationalises all ideas & puts ?\ght on a tangible & /able basis4 ,9 ! op5+ section ( ! pres5t book :]e he applies ! w to p[] to sci5tific rese>*1 ! :ole ( ?is new !ory is made cle>1 & ,i advise ! /ud5t to read well ?is section1 = ,i h be5 unable to pres5t z cle> & complete an expositional /atem5t ( x 9 ,nietzs*e's own words z ,i w\ld h lik$ to d1 ow+ to ! close & int]relat$ mann] 9 :i* ^! notes 7 writt54 ,volume ,,ii ( ,! ,w to ,p[] is 9 two books4 ,! fir/ is call$ ,! ,pr9ciples ( a ,new ,valuation2 ! second1 ,discipl9e & ,bre$+4 ,! fir/ book is divid$ into f\r sections--,! ,w to ,p[] 9 ,sci5ce1 ,! ,w to ,p[] 9 ,nature1 ,! ,w to ,p[] z ,exemplifi$ 9 ,society & 9 ! ,individual & ,! ,w to ,p[] 9 ,art4 ,! second book has ?ree divisions--,! ,ord] ( ,rank1 ,dionysus & ,et]nal ,recurr5ce4 ,( ! fir/ section ( ,book ,"o1 ,! ,w to ,p[] 9 ,sci5ce1 ,i h already spok54 ,9 ?is section ,nietzs*e %[s h[ arbitr>y a ?+ sci5ce is1 & h[ closely relat$ are its conclusions to ! in/9ct ( ! sci5ti/s1 namely3 ! in/9ct ( ! w to p[]4 ,sci5ti/s1 he holds1 are confront$ by ! necessity ( translat+ all ph5om5a into t]ms compatible ) ! /ruggle = p]si/5ce & ma9t5ance4 ,a fact 9 nature unacc\nt$ = is a dang]1 an ob/acle to ! complete ma/]y ( natural conditions4 ,consequ5tly ! sci5ti/1 direct$ & influ5c$ by 8 w to p[]1 inv5ts explanations :i* w br+ all facts "u 8 jurisdiction & control1 & w !reby increase 8 feel+ ( p[]4 ,z a result1 ! great facts ( life are look$ ^u z ( second>y importance to _! explanations1 & sci5ce becomes1 n an intellig5t se>* = k1 b a sy/em ( int]pretations t5d+ to increase ! feel+ ( ma/]y 9 ! m5 directly connect$ ) x4 ,?us ! law ( ! w to p[]1 z manife/ 9 ! organic & inorganic _w1 becomes ! dom9at+ in/9ct 9 ! ideological _w z well4 ,x is well to speak "h ( tru? z ,nietzs*e conceiv$ x4 ,we h se5 h[ he d5i$ its absolutism & decl>$ x to be relative4 ,b 9 8 pres5t "w he goes fur!r & cont5ds t ! feel+ ( ! increase ( p[] is ! det]m9+ factor 9 tru?4 ,if1 z we h se51 ! tru?s ( sci5ce are m]ely ^? int]pretations :i* gr[ out ( ! sci5ti/s' w to p[]1 !n tru? itself mu/ be ! outgr[? ( ?is in/9ct4 ,t :i* makes = ! gr[? & developm5t ( ! individual--or 9 o!r words1 t :i* increases ! feel+ ( /r5g?--is necess>ily ! tru?4 ,f ?is x is easy to d$uce ! conclusion t 9 _m in/ances tru? is a rev]sal ( facts1 = pres]vation v (t5 consi/s 9 an adh]5ce to actual falsity4 ,?us1 ! false causality ( c]ta9 ph5om5a--! outcome ( logic eng5d]$ by a w to p[]--has n infrequ5tly masqu]ad$ z tru?4 ,nietzs*e holds t ?is doctr9e conta9s ! only possible def9ition ( tru?2 & 9 ?is doctr9e we f9d an explanation = _m ( ! app>5t p>adoxes 9 8 tea*+s :5 ! matt] ( tru? & falsity are "u discussion4 ,! second "p ( ! fir/ book relates to ! w to p[] 9 nature1 & conta9s ! mo/ complete & lucid explanation ( ,nietzs*e's basic !ory to be f\nd any:]e 9 8 writ+s4 ,?is section op5s ) an argum5t aga9/ a purely me*anical int]pretation ( ! _w1 & a refutation ( ! physici/s' concept ( en]gy4 ,! *emical & physical laws1 ! atomic !ory & ! me*anical concept ( movem5t1 he *>act]ises z inv5tions on ! "p ( sci5ti/s & rese>*]s = ! purpose ( und]/&+ natural ph5om5a & !re=e ( increas+ _! feel+ ( p[]4 ,! app>5t sequ5ce ( ph5om5a :i* con/itutes law is1 accord+ to ,nietzs*e1 only a relation ( p[] betwe5 two or m =ces--a matt] ( int]dep5d5ce1 a process :]e9 ! procession ( mom5ts d n det]m9e ea* o!r aft] ! mann] ( cause & effect4 ,9 ^! obs]vations we see ! process ( reason+ ) :i* ,nietzs*e refutes ! curr5t me?ods ( asc]ta9+ facts & ! mann] 9 :i* he introduces ! pr9ciple ( w to p[] into ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,x is 9 ?is section t ,nietzs*e discusses at l5g? ! po9ts ( div]g5ce betwe5 8 life pr9ciple & t ( ,d>w94 ,& x is "h also t he treats ( ! psy*ology ( pleasure & pa9 9 _! relation to ! w to p[]4 ,?is latt] /atem5t is ( great importance 9 an und]/&+ ( ! in/9cts ( life z he taught !m1 = x d5ies bo? pleasure & pa9 a place 9 ! det]m9+ ( acts4 ,!y are bo?1 accord+ to him1 b accompany+ factors1 nev] causes1 & are b second-rate valuations d]iv$ f a dom9at+ value4 ,he d5ies t man /ruggles = happ9ess4 ,to ! contr>y1 he holds t all expansion & gr[? & resi/ance--9 %ort1 all movem5t--is relat$ to /ates ( pa91 & t1 al?\gh ! mod]n man is ma/] ( ! =ces ( nature & ( himself1 he is no happi] ?an ! primeval man4 ,:y1 !n1 does man /ruggle = k & gr[?1 kn[+ t x does n br+ happ9ess8 ,n = exi/5ce1 because exi/5ce is already assur$ him4 ,b = p[]1 = ! feel+ ( increas$ ma/]y4 ,?us ,nietzs*e answ]s ! two common explanations ( man's w to action--! ne$ = be+ & ! desire = happ9ess--by 8 doctr9e ( ! w to p[]4 ,! entire tea*+ ( ,nietzs*e 9 reg>d to classes & to ! necessity ( div]g5t moral codes to meet ! ne$s ( high] & l[] ca/es1 is conta9$ 9 ! ?ird "p ( ! fir/ book4 ,"h aga9 he emphasises ! ne$ ( two codes & makes cle> 8 /& 9 relation to ! sup]ior individual4 ,z ,i h po9t$ out 9 prec$+ *apt]s1 ,nietzs*e did n attempt to d away ) ! morality ( ! inf]ior classes4 ,he saw t "s su* religi\s belief z ,*ri/ianity 0 imp]ative = !m4 ,8 fight 0 aga9/ its application to all classes1 aga9/ its dom9ance4 ,i m5tion ?is po9t aga9 because x is ! basis ( ! greate/ misund]/&+ ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy4 ,"p ,,iii is writt5 = ! high] man1 & if ?is viewpo9t is assum$ on ! "p ( ! read]1 !re w be no confusion z to doctr9es enc\nt]$4 ,! /atem5ts 9 ?is section are 9 effect simil> to ^? to be f\nd 9 ,nietzs*e's previ\s works1 b 9 e in/ance 9 ! pres5t case !y are directly relat$ to ! w to p[]4 ,because ( ?is !y possess a significance :i* does n atta* to !m 9 antec$5t volumes4 ,! :ole ( ,nietzs*e's art !ories are to be f\nd 9 ,"p ,,iv1 ,! ,w to ,p[] 9 ,art4 ,x is n m]ely a sy/em ( /hetics t occupies ! pages "u ?is section1 = ,nietzs*e nev] divorces art f life itself2 & ! arti/1 accord+ to him1 is ! sup]ior type1 ! creator ( values4 ,! concepts ( beauty & ugl9ess are ! outgr[?s ( an ov]fl[ ( ,dionysian p[]2 & x is to ! great arti/s ( ! pa/1 ! in/9ctive high] m51 t we owe our curr5t concepts4 ,! pr9ciple "h is ! dom9ant "o 9 ,nietzs*e's philosophy 9 relation to valu+3--to ! few individuals ( ! race are we indebt$ = ! _w ( values4 ,to ! /ud5t :o wi%es to g deeply into ,nietzs*e's ideas ( art & 8 conception ( ! arti/1 & to "k 9 j :at mann] ! ,dionysian & ,apollonian figure 9 8 !ories1 ,i unhesitat+ly recomm5d ,an?ony ,m4 ,ludovici's book1 ,nietzs*e & ,art4 ,! fir/ section ( ! second book 9 ?is volume conta9s "s ( ,nietzs*e's f9e/ writ+4 ,its title1 ,! ,ord] ( ,rank1 expla9s 9 a l>ge measure :at mat]ial comprises x4 ,x is a description ( ! v>i\s degrees ( man1 & a /atem5t ( ! attributes :i* belong to ea*4 ,no bett] def9ition ( ! diff]5t classes ( m5 is to be f\nd any:]e 9 ?is philosoph]'s writ+s4 ,"o "p is devot$ to a consid]ation ( ! /rong & ! weak1 & ! way 9 :i* !y react on "o ano!r2 ano!r "p deals ) ! noble man & conta9s 79 ,aphorism #idc7 a li/ ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! noble man1 un=tunately too long a li/ to be quot$ 9 ! pres5t *apt]2 ano!r "p def9es ! lords ( ! e>?2 ano!r "p del9eates ! great man1 & enum]ates 8 specific qualities2 & /ill ano!r "p treats ( ! highe/ man z law-giv] ( ! future4 ,?is section1 h[ev]1 is n a m]e s]ies ( deta*$ & isolat$ def9itions1 b an important summ>y ( ! e?ical code :i* ,nietzs*e advanc$ z a result ( 8 application ( ! doctr9e ( ! w to p[] to ! ord] ( individual rank4 ,! two rema9+ sections--,dionysus & ,et]nal ,recurr5ce--are %ort1 & fail to t\* on new gr\nd4 ,!re are a few robu/ & h]oic passages 9 ! =m] section :i* summ>ise ,nietzs*e's def9itions ( ,apollonian & ,dionysian2 b 9 ! latt] section !re is no?+ n f\nd 9 ! pamphlet call$ ,! ,et]nal ,recurr5ce & 9 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra4 ,i d n d\bt t ,nietzs*e _h e int5tion ( elaborat+ ?is la/ section1 = he consid]$ ! pr9ciple ( recurr5ce a mo/ important "o 9 8 philosophy4 ,b1 z x /&s1 x is b a few pages 9 l5g? & 9 no way t\*es ^u 8 o!r philosophical doctr9es4 ,if importance x _h 9 ! philosophy ( ! sup]man1 t importance 0 nev] %[n ei!r by ,nietzs*e or by 8 critics4 ,h[ev]1 let u n ov]look ! importance ( ! doctr9e ( ! w to p[] ei!r 9 its relation to ,nietzs*e's writ+s or 9 its application to ourselves4 ,by ?is doctr9e ! philosoph] wi%$ to make mank9d realise its great dormant p[]4 ,! insi/5ce on ! human basis ( all ?+s 0 no m ?an a call to arms--an attempt to in/il c\rage 9 m5 :o _h attribut$ all great ph5om5a to sup]natural =ces & _h !re=e acquiesc$ be=e !m in/ead ( hav+ endeav\r$ to conqu] !m4 ,nietzs*e's object 0 to make man sur] ( himself1 to infuse him ) pride1 to imbue him ) m d>+1 to awak5 him to a full realisation ( 8 possibilities4 ,?is1 9 brief1 is ! tea*+ ( ! w to p[] r$uc$ to its imm$iate influ5ces4 ,9 ?is doctr9e is prea*$ a new virility4 ,n ! s$5t>y virility ( compromise1 b ! virility :i* is born ( /ruggle & suff]+1 :i* is a sign ( "o's great love ( liv+4 ,nietzs*e (f]$ a new set ( vital ideals to supplant ! decad5t ones :i* n[ gov]n u4 ,resolute fai?1 ! p[] ( affirmation1 initiative1 pride1 c\rage & fe>lessness--^! are ! rew>ds 9 ! ex]cise ( ! w to p[]4 ,! /r5g? ( great love & ! vitality ( great de$s1 z well z ! possibility ( r>e & vigor\s gr[?1 lie )9 ?is doctr9e ( w4 ,its object is to give back to u ! life we h lo/--! life ( beauty & pl5itude1 ( /r5g? & exub]ance4 ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] volume ,,ii ,= hundr$s ( ye>s1 pleasure & pa9 h be5 repres5t$ z ! motives = e action4 ,^u reflection1 h[ev]1 we are b\nd to conc$e t ev]y?+ w\ld h proce$$ 9 exactly ! same way1 accord+ to precisely ! same sequ5ce ( cause & effect1 if ! /ates pleasure & pa9 _h be5 entirely abs5t4 #h-i ,! measure ( ! desire = k dep5ds ^u ! ext5t to :i* ! ,w to ,p[] gr[s 9 a c]ta9 species3 a species gets a grasp ( a giv5 am\nt ( reality1 9 ord] to ma/] x1 9 ord] to enli/ t am\nt 9 its s]vice4 #ab ,x is our ne$s t int]pret ! _w2 our in/9cts & _! impulses = & aga9/4 ,e in/9ct is a sort ( ?ir/ = p[]4444 #ac ,t a belief1 h[ev] useful x may be = ! pres]vation ( a species1 has no?+ to d ) ! tru?1 may be se5 f ! fact t we mu/ believe 9 "t1 space1 & motion1 )\t feel+ ourselves compell$ to reg>d !m z absolute realities4 #af ,tru? is t h9d ( error )\t :i* a c]ta9 species ( liv+ be+ _c exi/4 #bj ,9 ! =mation ( reason1 logic1 & ! categories1 x 0 a ne$ 9 u t 0 ! det]m9+ p[]3 n ! ne$ to "k1 b to classify1 to s*ematise1 = ! purpose ( intelligibility & calculation4 #bi ,logic is ! attempt on our "p to und]/& ! actual _w accord+ to a s*eme ( ,be+ devis$ by ourselves2 or1 m exactly1 x is our attempt at mak+ ! actual _w m calculable & m susceptible to =mulation1 = our own purposes4444 #cc ,tru? is ! w to be ma/] ov] ! manifold s5sations t rea* consci\sness2 x is ! w to classify ph5om5a accord+ to def9ite categories4 ,9 ?is way we />t out ) a belief 9 ! true nature ( ?+s 7we reg>d ph5om5a z real74 ,! "* ( ! _w 9 ! process ( ,becom+ is n susceptible ( =mulation2 x is false & contradicts itself4 ,k & ! process ( evolution exclude ea* o!r4 ,consequ5tly1 k mu/ be some?+ else2 x mu/ be prec$$ by a w to make ?+s kn[able1 a k9d ( ,becom+ 9 itself mu/ create ! impression ( ,be+4 #cc-cd4 ,! *ief error ( psy*ologi/s3 !y reg>d ! indi/9ct idea z ( a l[] k9d ?an ! di/9ct2 b t :i* keeps at a di/ance f our consci\sness & :i* is !re=e obscure1 may on t v acc\nt be q cle> 9 itself4 ,! fact t a ?+ becomes obscure is a "q ( ! p]spective ( consci\sness4 #db ,! crit]ion ( tru? lies 9 ! enhancem5t ( ! feel+ ( p[]4 #di ,logic 0 int5d$ to be a me?od ( facilitat+ ?\ght3 a means ( expression1--n tru?4444 ,lat] on x got to act l tru?4444 #ej ,9 a _w :i* 0 ess5tially false1 tru?fulness w\ld be an anti-natural t5d5cy3 its only purpose w\ld be to provide a means ( atta9+ to a high] degree ( falsity4 #ea ,we h absolutely no exp]i5ce conc]n+ cause2 view$ psy*ologically we d]ive ! :ole concept f ! subjective conviction1 t we ourselves are causes4 #ee ,tru? is n some?+ :i* is pres5t & :i* has to be f\nd & discov]$2 x is some?+ :i* has to be creat$ & :i* gives its "n to a process1 or1 bett] /ill1 to ! ,w to ov]p[]1 :i* 9 itself has no purpose4444 #fj ,! absolute is ev5 an absurd concept3 an absolute mode ( exi/5ce is nons5se1 ! concept be+1 ?+1 is always relative to u4 ,! tr\ble is t1 ow+ to ! old anti!sis app>5t & real1 ! correlative valuations little value & absolute value h be5 spread abroad4 #hc ,man seeks ! tru?3 a _w t does n contradict itself1 t does n deceive1 t does n *ange1 a real _w--a _w 9 :i* !re is no suff]+3 contradiction1 deception1 v>iability--! causes ( suff]+4 ,he does n d\bt t !re is su* a ?+ z a _w z x ought to be2 he w\ld fa9 f9d a road to x4444 ,obvi\sly1 ! w to tru? is m]ely ! long+ = a /able _w4 ,! s5ses deceive2 reason corrects ! errors3 !re=e1 x 0 conclud$1 reason is ! road to a /atic /ate2 ! mo/ spiritual ideas mu/ be ne>e/ to ! real _w4 #hh ,! degree ( a man's w-p[] may be measur$ f ! ext5t to :i* he c disp5se ) ! mean+ 9 ?+s1 f ! ext5t to :i* he is able to endure a _w )\t mean+3 because he himself arranges a small portion ( x4 #ij ,!re is no su* ?+ z an e/abli%$ fact1 ev]y?+ fluctuates1 ev]y?+ is intangible1 yield+2 aft] all1 ! mo/ la/+ ( all ?+s are our op9ions4 #ajc ,t ! wor? ( ! _w lies 9 our int]pretations 7t p]haps yet o!r int]pretations are possible some:]e1 besides mank9d's72 t ! int]pretations made hi!rto 7 p]spective valuations1 by means ( :i* we 7 able to survive 9 life1 i4 e4 9 ! ,w to ,p[] & 9 ! gr[? ( p[]2 t e elevation ( man involves ! ov]com+ ( n>r[] int]pretations2 t e high] degree ( /r5g? or p[] atta9$1 br+s new views 9 its tra91 & tea*es a belief 9 new horizons--^! doctr9es lie scatt]$ ?r\gh all my works4 #ajg ,! triumphant concept en]gy ) :i* our physici/s creat$ ,god & ! _w1 ne$s yet to be complet]3 x mu/ be giv5 an inn] w :i* ,i *>act]ise z ! ,w to ,p[]--t is to say1 z an insatiable desire to manife/ p[]2 or ! application & ex]cise ( p[] z a creative in/9ct1 etc4444 #aaj ,! unalt]able sequ5ce ( c]ta9 ph5om5a does n prove any law1 b a relation ( p[] betwe5 two or m =ces4 #aae ,a quantum ( p[] is *>act]is$ by ! effect x produces & ! influ5ce x resi/s4 ,! adiaphoric /ate :i* w\ld be ?9kable 9 itself1 is entirely lack+4 ,x is ess5tially a w to viol5ce & a w to def5d "o's self aga9/ viol5ce4 ,x is n self-pres]vation3 e atom ex]cises its influ5ce ov] ! :ole ( exi/5ce--x is ?\ght out ( exi/5ce if "o ?9ks ?is radiation ( w-p[] away4 ,t is :y ,i call x a quantum ( ,w to ,p[]4 444 #aag-aah ,my idea is t e specific body /rives to become ma/] ( all space1 & to ext5d its p[] 7its w to p[]71 & to ?ru/ back ev]y?+ t resi/s x4 ,b inasmu* z x is cont9ually meet+ ! same endeav\rs on ! "p ( o!r bodies1 x concludes by com+ to t]ms ) ^? 7by comb9+ ) ^?7 :i* are suffici5tly relat$ to x--& ?us !y conspire toge!r = p[]4 ,& ! process cont9ues4 #aba ,! influ5ce ( environm5t is nons5sically ov]-rat$ 9 ,d>w93 ! ess5tial factor 9 ! process ( life is precisely ! trem5d\s inn] p[] to %ape & to create =ms1 :i* m]ely uses1 exploits environm5t4 #abg ,! feel+ ( be+ sur*>g$1 ! feel+ accompany+ an increase 9 /r5g?1 q ap>t f ! utility ( ! /ruggle1 is ! actual progress3 f ^! feel+s ! w to w> is fir/ d]iv$4 #abh ,a liv+ ?+ seeks above all to dis*>ge its /r5g?3 self-pres]vation is only "o ( ! results !re(4444 #abh ,! mo/ fundam5tal & mo/ primeval activity ( a protoplasm _c be ascrib$ to a w to self-pres]vation1 = x absorbs an am\nt ( mat]ial :i* is absurdly out ( proportion ) ! ne$s ( its pres]vation3 & :at is m1 x does n pres]ve itself 9 ! process1 b actually falls to pieces 4444 ,! in/9ct :i* rules "h1 mu/ acc\nt = ?is total abs5ce 9 ! organism ( a desire to pres]ve itself4 ,! w to p[] c manife/ itself only aga9/ ob/acles3 x !re=e goes 9 se>* ( :at resi/s x--?is is ! primitive t5d5cy ( ! protoplasm :5 x ext5ds its pseudopodia & feels ab\t x4 ,! act ( appropriation & assimilation is1 above all1 ! result ( an additional build+ & rebuild+1 until at la/ ! subject$ creature has become completely a "p ( ! sup]ior creature's sph]e ( p[]1 & has increas$ ! latt]4444 #acj ,:y is all activity1 ev5 t ( a s5se1 associat$ ) pleasure8 ,because1 be=e ! activity 0 possible1 an ob/acle or a burd5 0 done away )4 ,or1 r1 because all action is a process ( ov]com+1 ( becom+ ma/] (1 & ( increas+ ! feel+ ( p[]8 #ace ,man is n only an individual1 b ! cont9uation ( collective organic life 9 "o def9ite l9e4 ,! fact t man survives1 proves t a c]ta9 species ( int]pretations 7ev5 ?\gh x /ill be add$ to7 has also surviv$2 t1 z a sy/em1 ?is me?od ( int]pret+ has n *ang$4 #aeb ,! fundam5tal ph5om5a3 innum]able individuals are sacrific$ = ! sake ( a few1 9 ord] to make ! few possible4--,"o mu/ n all[ "o's self to be deceiv$2 ! case is ! same ) peoples & races3 !y produce ! body = ! g5]ation ( isolat$ & valuable individuals1 :o cont9ue ! great process4 #aec ,life is n ! cont9u\s adju/m5t ( int]nal relations to ext]nal relations1 b w to p[]1 :i*1 proce$+ f inside1 subjugates & incorporates an ev]-increas+ quantity ( ext]nal ph5om5a4 #aec-aed ,man z a species is n progress+4 ,high] specim5s are inde$ atta9$2 b !y d n survive4 ,! g5]al level ( ! species is n rais$4444 ,man z a species does n repres5t any sort ( progress comp>$ ) any o!r animal4 #aeg ,! dome/ication 7culture7 ( man does n s9k v deep4 ,:5 x does s9k f> bel[ ! sk9 x imm$iately becomes deg5]ation 7type3 ! ,*ri/ian74 ,! wild man 7or1 9 moral t]m9ology1 ! evil man7 is a rev]sion to ,nature--&1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 he repres5ts a recov]y1 a cure f ! effects ( culture4444 #aeh ,! /rong always h to be upheld aga9/ ! weak2 & ! well-con/itut$ aga9/ ! ill-con/itut$1 ! heal?y aga9/ ! sick & physiologically bot*$4 ,if we drew our morals f reality1 !y w\ld read ?us3 ! m$iocre are m valuable ?an ! exceptional creatures1 & ! decad5t ?an ! m$iocre2 ! w to non5tity prevails ov] ! w to life4444 #aei ,t species %[ an asc5d+ t5d5cy1 is ! mo/ nons5sical ass]tion t has ev] be5 made3 until n[ !y h only manife/$ a dead level4 ,!re is no?+ :atev] to prove t ! high] organisms h develop$ f ! l[]4 #afj ,man z he has appe>$ up to ! pres5t is ! embryo ( ! man ( ! future2 all ! =mative p[]s :i* are to produce ! latt]1 already lie 9 ! =m]3 & ow+ to ! fact t !y are enorm\s1 ! m promis+ = ! future ! mod]n individual happ5s to be1 ! m suff]+ falls to 8 lot4 #afa ,! w to p[] is ! primitive motive =ce out ( :i* all o!r motives h be5 d]iv$4 #afb ,f a psy*ological po9t ( view ! idea ( cause is our feel+ ( p[] 9 ! act :i* is call$ will+--our concept effect is ! sup]/ition t ?is feel+ ( p[] is itself ! =ce :i* moves ?+s4444 #afc ,life z an individual case 7a hypo!sis :i* may be appli$ to exi/5ce 9 g5]al7 /rives aft] ! maximum feel+ ( p[]2 life is ess5tially a /riv+ aft] m p[]2 /riv+ itself is only a /ra9+ aft] m p[]2 ! mo/ fundam5tal & inn]mo/ ?+ ( all is ?is w4 #afe ,man does n seek happ9ess & does n avoid unhapp9ess4 ,ev]ybody kn[s ! fam\s prejudices ,i "h contradict4 ,pleasure & pa9 are m]e results1 m]e accompany+ ph5om5a--t :i* e man1 :i* e t9y p>ticle ( a liv+ organism w h1 is an increase ( p[]4 ,9 /riv+ aft] ?is1 pleasure & pa9 are enc\nt]$2 x is ow+ to t w t ! organism seeks opposition & requires t :i* /&s 9 its way4444 ,pa9 z ! h9drance ( its w to p[] is !re=e a normal feature1 a natural +r$i5t ( e organic ph5om5on2 man does n avoid x2 on ! contr>y1 he is con/antly 9 ne$ ( x2 e triumph1 e feel+ ( pleasure1 e ev5t presupposes an ob/acle ov]come4 #agb ,man is n[ ma/] ( ! =ces ( nature1 & ma/] too ( 8 own wild & unbridl$ feel+s 7! passions h foll[$ suit1 & h le>n$ to become useful7--9 comp>ison ) primeval man1 ! man ( to-day repres5ts an enorm\s quantum ( p[]1 b n an increase 9 happ9ess4 ,h[ c "o ma9ta91 !n1 t he has /riv5 aft] happ9ess8 #agd ,god is ! culm9at+ mom5t3 life is an et]nal process ( deify+ & undeify+4 ,b )al !re is no z5i? ( values1 b only a z5i? ( p[]4 #aha ,man has "o t]rible & fundam5tal wi%2 he desires p[]1 & ?is impulse1 :i* is call$ fre$om1 mu/ be ! longe/ re/ra9$4 ,h5ce e?ics has in/9ctively aim$ at su* an education z %all re/ra9 ! desire = p[]2 ?us our morality sl&]s ! w\ld-be tyrant1 & glorifies *>ity1 patriotism1 & ! ambition ( ! h]d4 #ahf ,:5 ! in/9cts ( a society ultimately make x give up w> & r5\nce conque/1 x is decad5t3 x is ripe = democracy & ! rule ( %opkeep]s4 #ahi ,! ma9t5ance ( ! milit>y ,/ate is ! la/ means ( adh]+ to ! great tradition ( ! pa/2 or1 :]e x has be5 lo/1 to revive x4 ,by means ( x ! sup]ior or /rong type ( man is pres]v$1 & all in/itutions & ideas :i* p]petuate enmity & ord] ( rank 9 ,/ates su* z national feel+1 protective t>iffs1 etc41 may on t acc\nt seem ju/ifi$4 #aij ,conc]n+ ! future ( m>riage4--,a sup]tax on inh]it$ prop]ty1 a long] t]m ( milit>y s]vice = ba*elors ( a c]ta9 m9imum age )9 ! community4 ,privileges ( all sorts = fa!rs :o lavi% boys ^u ! _w1 & p]haps plural votes z well4 ,a m$ical c]tificate z a condition ( any m>riage1 endors$ by ! p>o*ial au?orities1 9 :i* a s]ies ( que/ions address$ to ! p>ties & ! m$ical (fic]s mu/ be answ]$ 7family hi/ories74 ,z a c\nt]-ag5t to pro/itution1 or z its ennoblem5t1 ,i w\ld recomm5d leasehold m>riages 7to la/ = a t]m ( ye>s or mon?s71 ) adequate provision = ! *ildr54 ,e m>riage to be w>rant$ & sanction$ by a c]ta9 numb] ( good m5 & true1 ( ! p>i%1 z a p>o*ial obligation4 #aic ,society 444 %\ld 9 _m cases actually prev5t ! act ( procreation1 & may1 )\t any reg>d = rank1 desc5t1 or intellect1 hold 9 read9ess ! mo/ rigor\s =ms ( compulsion & re/riction1 &1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 h rec\rse to ca/ration4 #aid ,! idea ( puni%m5t ought to be r$uc$ to ! concept ( ! suppression ( revolt1 a weapon aga9/ ! vanqui%$ 7by means ( long or %ort t]ms ( imprisonm5t74 ,b puni%m5t %\ld n be associat$ 9 any way ) contempt4 ,a crim9al is at all ev5ts a man :o has set 8 life1 8 hon\r1 8 fre$om at /ake2 he is !re=e a man ( c\rage4 ,nei!r %\ld puni%m5t be reg>d$ z p5ance or retribution1 z ?\gh !re 7 "s recognis$ rate ( ex*ange betwe5 crime & puni%m5t4 ,puni%m5t does n purify1 simply because crime does n sully4 #aih ,%\ld n ! puni%m5t fit ! crime8 #bjj ,! w to p[] is s loa!d 9 democratic ages t ! :ole ( ! psy*ology ( ^! ages seems direct$ t[>ds its belittlem5t & sl&]4 #bje ,i am oppos$ to ,socialism because x dreams +5u\sly ( goodness1 tru?1 beauty1 & equal rights 7an>*y pursues ! same ideal1 b 9 a m brutal fa%ion74 ,i am oppos$ to p>liam5t>y gov]nm5t & ! p[] ( ! press1 because !y are ! means :]eby cattle become ma/]s4 #bjf ,! idea ( a high] ord] ( man is hat$ mu* m pr(\ndly ?an mon>*s !mselves4 ,hatr$ ( ari/ocracy always uses hatr$ ( mon>*y z a mask4 #bjg ,utility & pleasure are slave !ories ( life4 ,! bless+ ( "w is an ennobl+ phrase = slaves4 ,incapacity = leisure4 #bjh ,!re is no su* ?+ z a "r to live1 a "r to "w1 or a "r to be happy3 9 ?is respect man is no diff]5t f ! meane/ worm4 #bjh ,fundam5tal errors3 to reg>d ! h]d z an aim in/ead ( ! individual6 ,! h]d is only a means & no?+ m6 ,b n[adays p are try+ to und]/& ! h]d z !y w\ld an individual1 & to conf] high] rights ^u x ?an ^u isolat$ p]sonalities4 ,9 addition to ?is1 all t makes = greg>i\sness1 e4g41 sympa?y1 is reg>d$ z ! m valuable side ( our natures4 #bad-bae ,! w to p[] appe>s3-- 7a7 ,among ! oppress$ & slaves ( all k9ds1 9 ! =m ( w to fre$om3 ! m]e fact ( break+ loose f some?+ seems to be an end 9 itself 79 a religio-moral s5se3 ,"o is only answ]able to "o's own consci5ce2 evangelical fre$om1 etc41 etc474 7b7 ,9 ! case ( a /rong] species1 asc5d+ to p[]1 9 ! =m ( ! w to ov]p[]4 ,if ?is fails1 !n x %r9ks to ! w to ju/ice--t is to say1 to ! w to ! same measure ( rights z ! rul+ ca/e possesses4 7c7 ,9 ! case ( ! /ronge/1 ri*e/1 mo/ indep5d5t1 & mo/ c\rage\s1 9 ! =m ( love ( humanity1 ( love ( ! p1 ( ! gospel1 ( tru?1 ( ,god1 ( pity1 ( self-sacrifice1 etc41 etc42 9 ! =m ( ov]p[]+1 ( de$s ( capture1 ( impos+ s]vice on "s "o1 ( an in/9ctive reckon+ ( "o's self z "p ( a great mass ( p[] to :i* "o attempts to give a direction3 ! h]o1 ! prophet1 ! ,cs>1 ! ,savi\r1 ! bell-we!r4 #bbj-bba ,individualism is a mode/ & /ill unconsci\s =m ( w to p[]2 ) x a s+le human unit seems to ?9k x suffici5t to free himself f ! prepond]at+ p[] ( society 7or ( ! ,/ate or ,*ur*74 ,he does n set himself up 9 opposition z a p]sonality1 b m]ely z a unit2 he repres5ts ! rights ( all o!r individuals z aga9/ ! :ole4 ,t is to say1 he in/9ctively places himself on a level ) e o!r unit3 :at he combats he does n combat z a p]son1 b z a repres5tative ( units aga9/ a mass4 #bbg ,!re are no su* ?+s z moral actions3 !y are purely imag9>y4 ,n only is x impossible to demon/rate _! exi/5ce 7a fact :i* ,kant & ,*ri/ianity1 = in/ance1 bo? ackn[l$ge7--b !y are n ev5 possible4 ,ow+ to psy*ological misund]/&+1 man inv5t$ an opposite to ! in/9ctive impulses ( life1 & believ$ t a new species ( in/9ct 0 !reby discov]$3 a primum mobile 0 po/ulat$ :i* does n exi/ at all4 ,accord+ to ! valuation :i* gave rise to ! anti!sis moral & immoral1 "o %\ld say3 ,!re is no?+ else on e>? b immoral int5tions & actions4 ,! :ole diff]5tiation1 moral & immoral1 arises f ! assumption t bo? moral & immoral actions are ! result ( a spontane\s w--9 %ort1 t su* a w exi/s2 or 9 o!r words1 t moral judgm5ts c only hold good ) reg>d to intuitions & actions t are free4 ,b ?is :ole ord] ( actions & int5tions is purely imag9>y3 ! only _w to :i* ! moral /&>d c\ld be appli$ does n exi/ at all3 !re is no su* ?+ z a moral or an immoral action4 #bcj-bca ,!re are two conditions 9 :i* art manife/s itself 9 man ev5 z a =ce ( nature1 & disposes ( him :e!r he cons5t or n3 x may be z a con/ra9t to vision>y /ates1 or x may be an orgia/ic impulse4 #bdj ,sexuality1 intoxication1 cruelty2 all ^! belong to ! olde/ fe/al joys ( mank9d1 !y also prepond]ate 9 budd+ arti/s4 #bdc ,! desire = art & beauty is an indirect long+ = ! ec/asy ( sexual desire1 :i* gets communicat$ to ! bra94 #bdh ,all art works z a tonic2 x increases /r5g?1 x k9dles desire 7i4e41 ! feel+ ( /r5g?71 x excites all ! m subtle recollections ( intoxication4444 #beb ,! in>ti/ic /ates are3 objectivity1 reflection1 susp5sion ( ! w4444 ,! in>ti/ic /ates are3 ^? :i* impov]i%1 :i* subtract1 :i* blea*1 "u :i* life suff]s--! ,*ri/ian4 #beg ,w\ld any l9k be miss+ 9 ! :ole *a9 ( sci5ce & art1 if woman1 if woman's "w1 7 exclud$ f x8 ,let u ackn[l$ge ! exception--x proves ! rule--t woman is capable ( p]fection 9 ev]y?+ :i* does n con/itute a "w3 9 lett]s1 9 memoirs1 9 ! mo/ intricate h&iwork--9 %ort1 9 ev]y?+ :i* is n a craft4444 #bfj-bfa ,a man is an arti/ to ! ext5t to :i* he reg>ds ev]y?+ t in>ti/ic p call =m z ! actual sub/ance1 z ! pr9cipal ?+4 #bfa ,! ess5tial feature 9 art is its p[] ( p]fect+ exi/5ce1 its production ( p]fection & pl5itude2 art is ess5tially ! affirmation1 ! bless+1 & ! deification ( exi/5ce4444 #bfc ,! greatness ( an arti/ is n to be measur$ by ! beautiful feel+s :i* he evokes3 let ?is belief be left to ! girls4 ,x %\ld be measur$ accord+ to ! ext5t to :i* he approa*es ! gr& /yle1 accord+ to ! ext5t to :i* he is capable ( ! gr& /yle4 ,?is /yle & great passion h ?is 9 common--t !y scorn to please2 t !y =get to p]suade3 t !y comm&2 t !y w4444 ,to become ma/] ( ! *aos :i* is 9 "o2 to compel "o's inn] *aos to assume =m2 to become consi/5t1 simple1 unequivocal1 ma!matical1 law--?is is ! great ambition "h4 #bgg ,a pref]5ce = que/ionable & t]rible ?+s is a symptom ( /r5g?2 :]eas ! ta/e = pretty & *>m+ trifles is *>act]i/ic ( ! weak & ! delicate4 #bhg ,art is ! great means ( mak+ life possible1 ! great s$uc] to life1 ! great /imulus ( life4 ,art is ! only sup]ior c\nt]-ag5t to all w to ! d5ial ( life2 x is p> excell5ce ! anti-,*ri/ian1 ! anti-,buddhi/ic1 ! anti-,nihili/ic =ce4 #bij ,quanta ( p[] alone det]m9e rank & di/+ui% rank3 no?+ else does4 #bie ,x is necess>y = high] m5 to decl>e w> ^u ! masses6 ,9 all directions m$iocre p are jo9+ h&s 9 ord] to make !mselves ma/]s4 ,ev]y?+ t pamp]s1 t s(t5s1 & t br+s ! p or woman to ! front1 op]ates 9 fav\r ( univ]sal suffrage--t is to say1 ! dom9ion ( inf]ior m54 #big ,woman has always conspir$ ) decad5t types1--! prie/s1 = in/ance1--aga9/ ! mighty1 aga9/ ! /rong1 aga9/ m54 ,wom5 avail !mselves ( *ildr5 = ! cult ( piety1 pity1 & love3--! "m /&s z ! symbol ( conv9c+ altruism4 #cjj ,x is necess>y to %[ t a c\nt]-movem5t is inevitably associat$ ) any increas+ly economical consumption ( m5 & mank9d1 & ) an ev] m closely involv$ ma*9]y ( int]e/s & s]vices4 ,i call ?is c\nt]-movem5t ! sep>ation ( ! luxuri\s surplus ( mank9d3 by means ( x a /rong] k9d1 a high] type1 mu/ come to light1 :i* has o!r conditions = its orig9 & = its ma9t5ance ?an ! av]age man4 ,my concept1 my metaphor = ?is type is1 z y "k1 ! ^w ,sup]man4 #cje ,read]s are beg9n+ to see :at ,i am combat+--namely1 economic optimism3 z if ! g5]al welf>e ( ev]ybody mu/ necess>ily increase ) ! gr[+ self-sacrifice ( ev]ybody4 ,! v rev]se seems to me to be ! case1 ! self-sacrifice ( ev]ybody am\nts to a collective loss2 man becomes inf]ior--s t nobody kn[s :at end ?is mon/r\s purpose has s]v$4 #cjf-cjg ,! root ( all evil3 t ! slave morality ( mode/y1 *a/ity1 selfi%ness1 & absolute ob$i5ce %\ld h triumph$4 ,dom9at+ natures 7 ?us condemn$ 7#a7 to hypocrisy1 7#b7 to qualms ( consci5ce1--creative natures reg>d$ !mselves z rebels aga9/ ,god1 unc]ta9 & hemm$ 9 by et]nal values4 #cji ,t :i* m5 ( p[] & w are able to dem& ( !mselves gives !m ! /&>d = :at !y may also all[ !mselves4 ,su* natures are ! v opposite ( ! vici\s & ! unbridl$3 al?\gh "u c]ta9 circum/ances !y may p]petrate de$s = :i* an inf]ior man w\ld be convict$ ( vice & intemp]ance4 ,9 ?is respect ! concept1 all m5 are equal be=e ,god does an extraord9>y am\nt ( h>m2 actions & attitudes ( m9d 7 =bidd5 :i* belong$ to ! pr]ogative ( ! /rong alone1 j z if !y 7 9 !mselves unwor?y ( man4 ,all ! t5d5cies ( /rong m5 7 br\ght into disrepute by ! fact t ! def5sive weapons ( ! mo/ weak 7ev5 ( ^? :o 7 weake/ t[>ds !mselves7 7 e/abli%$ z a /&>d ( valuation4 #caa ,! deg5]ation ( ! rul] & ( ! rul+ classes has be5 ! cause ( all ! great disord]s 9 hi/ory6 #cab ,! solit>y type %\ld n be valu$ f ! /&po9t ( ! greg>i\s type1 or vice v]sa4 #cbj ,:o w\ld d>e to disgu/ ! m$iocre ( _! m$iocrity6 ,z y obs]ve1 ,i d precisely ! rev]se3 e /ep away f m$iocrity--?us d ,i tea*--leads to immorality4 #cbd ,:at ,i combat3 t an exceptional =m %\ld make w> ^u ! rule--in/ead ( und]/&+ t ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! rule is ! fir/ condition ( ! value ( ! exception4 #cbe ,"o %\ld n suppose ! mission ( a high] species to be ! lead+ ( inf]ior m5 7z ,comte does1 = in/ance72 b ! inf]ior %\ld be reg>d$ z ! f\ndation ^u :i* a high] species may live _! high] life--^u :i* alone !y c /&4 #cbi ,my consolation is1 t ! nature ( man is evil1 & ?is gu>antees 8 /r5g?6 #ccb ,!re is no true s*ol> :o has n ! in/9cts ( a true soldi] 9 8 ve9s4 ,to be able to comm& & to be able to obey 9 a pr\d fa%ion2 to keep "o's place 9 rank & file1 & yet to be ready at any mom5t to lead2 to pref] dang] to com=t2 n to weigh :at is p]mitt$ & :at is =bidd5 9 a tradesman's balance2 to be m ho/ile to pett9ess1 slyness1 & p>asitism ?an to wick$ness4 ,:at is x t "o le>ns 9 a h>d s*ool8--to obey & to comm&4 #cce ,! means by :i* a /rong species ma9ta9s itself3-- ,x grants itself ! "r ( exceptional actions1 z a te/ ( ! p[] ( self-control & ( fre$om4 ,x ab&ons itself to /ates 9 :i* a man is n all[$ to be any?+ else ?an a b>b>ian4 ,x tries to acquire /r5g? ( w by e k9d ( asceticism4 ,x is n expansive2 x practises sil5ce2 x is cauti\s 9 reg>d to all *>ms4 ,x le>ns to obey 9 su* a way t ob$i5ce provides a te/ ( self-ma9t5ance4 ,casui/ry is c>ri$ to its highe/ pit* 9 reg>d to po9ts ( hon\r4 ,x nev] argues1 ,:at is sauce = ! goose is sauce = ! g&]--b conv]sely6 x reg>ds rew>d1 & ! ability to repay1 z a privilege1 z a di/9ction4 ,x does n covet o!r p's virtues4 #cda ,! bl9d yield+ to a passion1 :e!r x be g5]osity1 pity1 or ho/ility1 is ! cause ( ! greate/ evil4 ,greatness ( "* does n consi/ 9 n possess+ ^! passions--on ! contr>y1 a man %\ld possess !m to a t]rible degree3 b he %\ld lead !m by ! bridle4444 #cdf ,education3 ess5tially a means ( ru9+ exceptions 9 fav\r ( ! rule4 ,culture3 ess5tially ! means ( direct+ ta/e aga9/ ! exceptions 9 fav\r ( ! m$iocre4 #cdi ,:at is noble8--,! fact t "o is con/antly =c$ to be play+ a "p4 ,t "o is con/antly se>*+ = situations 9 :i* "o is =c$ to put on airs4 ,t "o leaves happ9ess to ! greate/ numb]3 ! happ9ess :i* consi/s ( inn] peacefulness1 ( virtue1 ( com=t1 & ( ,anglo-angelic-back-p>l\r-smugness1 la ,sp5c]4 ,t "o in/9ctively seeks = heavy responsibilities4 ,t "o kn[s h[ to create enemies ev]y:]e1 at a p9* ev5 9 "o's self4 ,t "o contradicts ! greate/ numb]1 n 9 words at all1 b by cont9ually behav+ diff]5tly f !m4 #ceg ,! fir/ ?+ t mu/ be done is to re> a new k9d ( man 9 :om ! duration ( ! necess>y w & ! necess>y in/9cts is gu>ante$ = _m g5]ations4 ,?is mu/ be a new k9d ( rul+ species & ca/e--?is ought to be q z cle> z ! some:at l5g?y & n easily express$ consequ5ces ( ?is ?\ght4 ,! aim %\ld be to prep>e a transvaluation ( values = a p>ticul>ly /rong k9d ( man1 mo/ highly gift$ 9 intellect & w1 &1 to 8 end1 sl[ly & cauti\sly to lib]ate 9 him a :ole ho/ ( sl&]$ in/9cts hi!rto held 9 *eck4444 #cfc-cfd ,! revolution1 confusion1 & di/ress ( :ole peoples is 9 my op9ion ( less importance ?an ! mis=tunes :i* att5d great individuals 9 _! developm5t4 ,we mu/ n all[ ourselves to be deceiv$3 ! _m mis=tunes ( all ^! small folk d n toge!r con/itute a sum-total1 except 9 ! feel+s ( mighty m54 #cfi ,! greate/ m5 may also p]haps h great virtues1 b !n !y also h ! opposites ( ^! virtues4 ,i believe t x is precisely out ( ! pres5ce ( ^! opposites & ( ! feel+s !y suscitate1 t ! great man arises1--= ! great man is ! broad ar* :i* spans two banks ly+ f> ap>t4 #cgj ,9 great m5 we f9d ! specific qualities ( life 9 _! highe/ manife/ation3 inju/ice1 falsehood1 exploitation4 ,b inasmu* z _! effect has always be5 ov]:elm+1 _! ess5tial nature has be5 mo/ ?or\ghly misund]/ood1 & int]pret$ z goodness4 #cgj-cga ,we mu/ n make m5 bett]1 we mu/ n talk to !m ab\t morality 9 any =m z if morality 9 itself1 or an ideal k9d ( man 9 g5]al1 c\ld be tak5 = grant$2 b we mu/ create circum/ances 9 :i* /rong] m5 are necess>y1 su* z = _! "p w require a morality 7or1 bett] /ill3 a bodily & spiritual discipl9e7 :i* makes m5 /rong1 & ^u :i* !y w consequ5tly insi/6 #cgi ,we mu/ n sep>ate greatness ( s\l f intellectual greatness4 ,= ! =m] involves indep5d5ce2 b )\t intellectual greatness indep5d5ce %\ld n be all[$2 all x does is to create disa/]s ev5 9 its lu/ ( well-do+ & ( practis+ ju/ice4 ,inf]ior spirits mu/ obey1 consequ5tly !y _c be possess$ ( greatness4 #chj ,i tea* t !re are high] & l[] m51 & t a s+le individual may "u c]ta9 circum/ances ju/ify :ole mill5niums ( exi/5ce--t is to say1 a weal?i]1 m gift$1 great]1 & m complete man1 z comp>$ ) innum]able imp]fect & fragm5t>y m54 #chf ,he :o det]m9es values & leads ! w ( mill5niums1 & does ?is by lead+ ! highe/ natures--he is ! highe/ man4 #chf ,we %\ld atta9 to su* a height1 to su* a l(ty eagle's l$ge1 9 our obs]vation1 z to be able to und]/& t ev]y?+ happ5s1 j z x ought to happ53 & t all imp]fection1 & ! pa9 x br+s1 belong to all t :i* is mo/ em95tly desirable4 #chi ,pleasure appe>s ) ! feel+ ( p[]4 ,happ9ess means t p[] & triumph h ent]$ into our consci\sness4 ,progress is ! /r5g!n+ ( ! type1 ! ability to ex]cise great w-p[]3 ev]y?+ else is a misund]/&+ & a dang]4 #djc ,man is a comb9ation ( ! bea/ & ! sup]bea/3 high] man a comb9ation ( ! mon/] & ! sup]man3 ^! opposites belong to ea* o!r4 ,) e degree ( a man's gr[? t[>ds greatness & l(t9ess1 he also gr[s d[nw>ds into ! dep?s & into ! t]rible3444 #dje ,! ^w ,dionysian expresses3 a con/ra9t to unity1 a so>+ above p]sonality1 ! commonplace1 society1 reality1 & above ! abyss ( ! ephem]al2 ! passionately pa9ful s5sation ( sup]abundance1 9 d>k]1 full]1 & m fluctuat+ conditions2 an ec/atic say+ ( yea to ! collective "* ( exi/5ce1 z t :i* rema9s ! same1 & equally mighty & blissful ?r\gh\t all *ange2 ! great pan!i/ic sympa?y ) pleasure & pa91 :i* decl>es ev5 ! mo/ t]rible & mo/ que/ionable qualities ( exi/5ce good1 & sanctifies !m2 ! et]nal w to procreation1 to fruitfulness1 & to recurr5ce2 ! feel+ ( unity 9 reg>d to ! necessity ( creat+ & annihilat+4 #dae-daf ,at ?is po9t ,i set up ! ,dionysus ( ! ,greeks3 ! religi\s affirmation ( ,life1 ( ! :ole ( ,life1 n ( d5i$ & p>tial ,life4444 #dbj ,god on ! ,cross is a curse ^u ,life1 a signpo/ direct+ p to deliv] !mselves f x2--,dionysus cut into pieces is a promise ( ,life3 x w be = ev] born anew1 & rise afre% f de/ruction4 #dba ,,bibliography ,9 ! foll[+ li/ no attempt has be5 made at completion4 ,i h set d[n only ! important & m useful works conc]n+ ,nietzs*e & 8 philosophy1 & h fur!r limit$ myself to su* volumes z are 9 ,engli%4 ,i h omitt$ entirely ! l>ge numb] ( essays on ,nietzs*e :i* h appe>$ 9 magaz9es1 z well z ^? books :i* embody only ! v>i\s ,nietzs*ean ideas4 ,,expositional ,,books ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e1 by ,h4 ,l4 ,m5ck54 ,a brilliantly writt5 & ext5sive exposition ( ,nietzs*e's ?\ght1 includ+ an acc\nt ( ! philosoph]'s life1 a discussion ( 8 orig9s1 a reply to 8 critics1 & a *apt] on h[ to /udy him4 ,mr4 ,m5ck5's book1 ?\gh unte*nical1 is compreh5sive1 concise & admirably conceiv$4 ,x con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ valuable ,nietzs*ean comm5t>ies 9 ,engli%4 ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e3 ,,8 ,,life ,,& ,,"w1 by ,m4 ,a4 ,mgge4 ,a l>ge & s*ol>ly treatise ( special value to ! philosophical /ud5t4 ,?is "w1 a pione] "o1 is some:at pond]\s & un9t]e/+1 b none ! less exhau/ive2 & conta9s a bibliography consi/+ ( #hej titles4 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,nietzs*e1 by ,georges ,h4 ,*att]ton-,hill4 ,a sugge/ive1 academic /udy ( ! ma9 po9ts 9 ! ,nietzs*ean e?ic4 ,?is book is too te*nical 9 places to appeal /rongly to ! beg9n]1 b is invaluable z supplem5t>y read+4 ,,! ,,qu9tess5ce ,,( ,,nietzs*e1 by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y4 ,an int]e/+ & unassum+ survey ( ,nietzs*e's "w1 ab\nd+ ) quotations4 ,,nietzs*e3 ,,8 ,,life ,,& ,,works1 by ,an?ony ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,mr4 ,ludovici is ! translator ( _m ( ,nietzs*e's works into ,engli%1 & has contribut$ to ,dr4 ,levy's edition sev]al prefaces & _m explanatory notes4 ,8 book is complete & au?oritative4 ,o!r adequate comm5t>ies are3 ,,! ,,gospel ,,( ,,sup]man1 by ,h5ri ,li*t5b]g]1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y2 ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e1 by ,a4 ,r4 ,orage2 ,,nietzs*e ,,z ,,critic1 ,,philosoph]1 ,,poet ,,& ,,prophet1 by ,?omas ,common2 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e1 by ,grace ,neal ,dolson2 & ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e1 by ,georg ,br&es1 translat$ by ,a4 ,g4 ,*at]4 ,,biographies ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,nietzs*e1 by ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e4 ,?is "w1 9 two volumes1 is ! /&>d biography ( ,nietzs*e1 writt5 by 8 si/]4 ,?\gh elaborate 9 detail & replete 9 p]sonal correspond5ce & pap]s1 x is n all t might be hop$ =4 ,"o's devot$ si/] does n always make ! mo/ p5etrat+ biograph]4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e1 by ,daniel ,halvy1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,j4 ,m4 ,hone4 ,m4 ,halvy has f\nd$ 8 "w on t ( ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e2 & :ile 8 v]sion improves on its model at _m po9ts1 x is 9 places supposititi\s & ov]-drawn1 & is conceiv$ 9 too ironical a ve94 ,un=tunately !re is no adequate biography ( ,nietzs*e 9 exi/5ce4 ,nor is !re likely to be "o1 inasmu* z all ! pap]s & data necess>y = su* an und]tak+ are 9 ! possession ( ,nietzs*e's si/]4 ,,books ,,( ,,selections ,,! ,,gi/ ,,( ,,nietzs*e1 by ,h4 ,l4 ,m5ck54 ,,nietzs*e ,,9 ,,outl9e ,,& ,,aphorism1 by ,a4 ,r4 ,orage4 ,,nietzs*e3 ,,8 ,,maxims1 by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y4