,illu/ration3 ,,prospect+ ,,! ,,gr\nd4 ,illu/ration ,,und]gr\nd ,,treasures3 ,,h[ ,,& ,,:]e ,,to ,,f9d ,,!m4 ,a ,,key ,,= ,,! ,,ready ,,det]m9ation ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,useful ,,m9]als ,,)9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,by ,,james ,,orton1 ,a4,m41 ,late ,pr(essor ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 ,vass> ,college1 ,n4 ,y42 ,cor4 ,mem4 ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 ,philadelphia1 & ( ! ,lyceum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york2 ,au?or ( 8,! ,&es & ! ,amazon10 etc4 ,a ,,new ,,edition ,,) ,,additions4 ,,illu/rat$4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,h5ry ,,c>ey ,,baird ,,co41 ,,indu/rial ,,publi%]s1 ,,booksell]s ,,& ,,import]s1 #haj ,,walnut ,,/reet4 #ahha4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahgb1 by ,,wor?+ton1 ,,du/9 ,,co41 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,copyright3 ,,h5ry ,,c>ey ,,baird ,,co4 #ahha4 ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 44444,,page4 ,,introduction4--,money 9 ! ,rocks--,! ,und]gr\nd ,weal? ( our ,c\ntry--,valuable ,m9]als ,disguis$--,h[ ,great ,=tunes are ,miss$--,numb] ( ,m9]als 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--,object ( ?is ,"w & ,h[ to ,use x--,! ,be/ ,m9]al ,regions44444#i ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,directions ,,= ,,det]m9+ ,,specim5s ,,by ,,! ,,key4--,h[ to ,te/ ,m9]als ) ! ,simple/ ,means--,prospect+ ) a ,jack-knife & ,common ,s5se--,use ( ! ,key--,h[ to ,tell ,pyrites f ,gold1 & ,qu>tz f ,diamond--,all ! ,useful ,m9]als ,gr\p$ ,accord+ to ,h>dness & ,color44444#ae ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,descriptive ,,li/ ,,( ,,useful ,,m9]als4--,! ,gems--,preci\s ,metals--,valuable ,ores & ,useful ,m9]als ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ,agate to ,z9c--,_! ,di/+ui%+ ,*>act]s1 ,uses & ,localities--,a ,m9]alogy = ,m9]s--,agate--,alum--,ame?y/--,an?racit e--,antimony ,ore--,asbe/us--,asphaltum--,azurite--,b >yta--,bitum9\s ,coal--,bl5de--,bog ,iron ,ore--,brittle ,silv] ,ore--,br[n ,coal--,calam9e--,cannel ,coal--,c>nelian--,cele/9e--,c]ussite--, *romic ,iron--,c9nab>--,cobalt ,pyrites--,copp]--,copp] ,glance--,copp] ,nickel--,copp] ,pyrites--,diamond--,em]y--,fluor ,sp>--,frankl9ite--,gal5a--,g>net--,gold --,graphite--,gray ,copp] ,ore--,gypsum--,horn ,silv]--,iron ,pyrites--,jasp]--,kaol9--,l5ticul> ,iron ,ore--,limonite--,magnetic ,iron ,ore--,magnetic ,pyrites--,mala*ite--,manganese ,sp>--,m>ble--,mica--,micace\s ,iron ,ore--,nitre--,oxyd ( ,manganese--,plat9um--,r$ ,copp] ,ore--,r$ ,hematite--,r$ ,silv] ,ore--,r5ssela]ite--,rock ,cry/al--,rock ,salt--,rutile--,s]p5t9e--,silicate ( ,copp]--,silv]--,silv] ,glance--,smalt9e--,smi?sonite--,spa?ic ,iron--,specul> ,iron--,sp9el ,ruby--,/eatite--,/rontianite--,sulphur- -,t9 ,ore--,topaz--,t\rmal9e--,v>iegat$ ,copp] ,ore--,wad--,willemite--,z9cite44444#bj ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,prospect+ ,,= ,,diamonds1 ,,gold1 ,,silv]1 ,,copp]1 ,,lead ,,& ,,iron4--,m9]al ,ri*es1 h[ ,discov]$--,indications--,se>*+ = ,diamonds1 & h[ to ,di/+ui% !m--,pay+ ,localities ( ,gold--8,fool's ,gold0--,prospect+ = ,silv] & ,copp]--,:]e to ,look = ,lead & ,iron44444#ha ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,assay ,,( ,,ores4--,:5 an ,ore w ,pay--,wa%+ = ,gold & ,plat9um--,h[ to ,assay ,gold 9 ! ,simple/ ,way--,to ,te/ any ,rock = ,gold & ,silv]--,to ,f9d ! ,purity ( ,gold--,to ,detect & ,assay ,silv] ,ores--,assay ( ,copp]1 ,iron1 ,z9c1 ,t9 & ,lead ,ores-,ready ,me?od ( ,te/+ ,graphite44444#ib ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,m9]al ,,spr+s4--,:at are ,m9]al ,spr+s--,g5]al ,location--,gas ,spr+s--,iron ,spr+s--,sulphur ,spr+s--,alum ,spr+s--,epsom ,spr+s--,salt ,spr+s--,w>m ,spr+s--,artesian ,wells & ,oil ,wells1 & ,:]e to ,bore = ,!m44444#aje ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,artificial ,,jewelry--,,h[ ,,made ,,& ,,h[ ,,detect$4--,mock ,diamonds--8,p>is ,brilliants0--,! ,manufacture ( ,pa/es--,false ,ruby1 ,topaz1 ,sapphire1 ,em]ald & ,c>nelian--,h[ to ,di/+ui% ,true & ,false ,gems--,imitation ,pe>l & ,coral--,artificial ,gold--,li/ ( ,preci\s ,/ones44444#aad ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,gold ,,9 ,,cali=nia44444#abg ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,silv] ,,9 ,,nevada1 ,,& ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,gold ,,& ,,silv] ,,/ati/ics44444#acd ,,inscrib$ ,,to ,,rossit] ,w4 ,,raymond1 ,,ph4 ,d41 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,commission] ,,( ,,m9+ ,,/ati/ics2 ,,editor ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e]+ ,,& ,,m9+ ,,j\rnal2 ,,au?or ,,( 8,! ,m9es ( ! ,we/10 etc4 ,und]gr\nd ,treasures4 ,,note4 ,?is little "w 0 n writt5 = m9]alogi/s1 b expressly = ! l&hold]1 ! f>m]1 ! me*anic1 ! m9]1 ! labor]1 ev5 ! mo/ unsci5tific4 ,x is design$ to enable su* to discov] = !mselves1 m9]als & ores ( use 9 ! arts1 & ?us develop ! res\rces & asc]ta9 ! value ( any p>ticul> f>m or region4 ,x may save ! own] f ru9\s b>ga9s1 & may reveal a m9e ( m9]al weal?1 m sure & m pr(itable ?an any bank4 ,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 ,,prospect+ ,,! ,,gr\nd ,frontispiece4 ,,fac-,,simile ,,( ,,nugget ,,( ,,gold1 7,cali=nia17 ,illum9at$ ,title ,page4 ,,prospect+ ,,diamond ,,drill #dj ,,wa%+ ,,aurif]\s ,,s&s #dg ,,se>*+ ,,= ,,diamonds #aba ,,! ,,saw-,,mill ,,( ,,coloma #abi 7,! place :]e ,gold 0 fir/ discov]$ 9 ,cali=nia47 ,a ,,key ,,= ,,! ,,ready ,,det]m9ation ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,useful ,,m9]als ,,)9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introduction4 ,,money ,,9 ,,! ,,rocks--,,! ,,und]gr\nd ,,weal? ,,( ,,our ,,c\ntry--,,valuable ,,m9]als ,,disguis$--,,h[ ,,great ,,=tunes ,,are ,,miss$--,,numb] ,,( ,,m9]als ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates--,,object ,,( ,,?is ,,"w ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,x--,,! ,,be/ ,,m9]al ,,regions4 ,m9]als head ! li/ ( ! s\rces ( our nation's weal?4 ,gold1 iron1 coal & m>ble h n only contribut$ l>gely to ! ent]prise & opul5ce ( ,am]ica1 b at ?is v mom5t !y ex]t a comm&+ influ5ce 9 political circles4 ,no "o c prophesy ! greatness ( ! comm]cial p[] :i* is sure to rise on _! f\ndations4 ,no o!r c\ntry c boa/ ( su* va/ & valuable m9]al deposits4 ,yet our c\ntry is n half develop$4 ,treasures lie undiscov]$ 9 our m\nta9s & "u our f>ms1--gems ( 8pure/ ray s]5e0 & /ill m preci\s metals4 ,"s w be accid5tally br\ght to light2 b ! majority are s disguis$ t _! real nature is n se54 ,h[ unpromis+ are ! be/ ores ( iron1 z9c & silv] & ! r>e/ gems6 ,!n1 aga91 !re is 8mimicry0 9 ! m9]al k+dom2 wor?less /ones are (t5 good imitations ( ! valuable1 & =tunes h be5 sunk 9 m9+ pyrites = gold1 mica = silv] & slate = coal4 ,b if we wait = m9]alogi/s to develop our m9]al res\rces1 we mu/ wait a mill5ium1 our c\ntry is s va/ & sci5tific labor]s s few4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 nature has /amp$ ^u ea* m9]al "s peculi> feature or assemblage ( *>act]s :i* enable any "o ) av]age common s5se to di/+ui% ^? :i* are ( value 9 ! arts4 ,! object ( ?is "w is to po9t out ^? di/9ctions s cle>ly & 9 popul> language t ^? :o d n claim to be sci5tific may det]m9e specim5s = !mselves2 9 o!r words1 to furni% a key = ! ready det]m9ation ( all ! useful m9]als )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#a ,two hundr$ & =ty-f\r m9]al species h be5 f\nd )9 ! b\nds ( ! ,union4 ,( ^! only "o-?ird are ( any use to ! practical man4 ,^! eighty h c]ta9 g5]al *>act]s 9 common1 b always "s specific diff]5ces4 ,! object is to divide !m into gr\ps1 z ! botani/ divides ! plants1 & !n to sep>ate ! individuals by "s prop]ties or features peculi> to ea*4 ,only ^? m9]als are m5tion$ :i* are useful3 any specim51 !re=e1 :i* does n fit any ( ! descriptions giv51 may be consid]$ ( no special value4 ,by ! t]m 8color10 is meant ! color ( a fre% fracture1 = ! expos$ surface (t5 misrepres5ts ! true aspect4 ,exact color is n meant1 b 8r$0 /&s = r$di%1 8yell[0 = yell[i%1 8:ite0 = a light gray up to ! p]fectly transp>5t4 8,magnetic0 means t ! specim5 di/urbs ! ne$le ( a compass1 or t a magnet w take up f9e p>ticles4 ,a m9]al is 8opaque0 if ! light w n pass ?r\gh ei!r ! edges or a ?9 fragm5t4 ,a 8transluc5t0 m9]al is ei!r cle> z cry/al or only all[s light to pass dimly ?r\gh a ?9 portion4 8,eff]vesc5ce0 is ! bubbl+ produc$ by ! escape ( a gas1 z 9 soda-wat]4 8,gravity0 is ! weight comp>$ ) t ( an equal bulk ( wat]4 ,9 ! majority ( cases ! specim5 c be det]m9$ )\t x2 b !re may be sev]al d\btful cases :i* c be settl$ only by obta9+ ! gravity4 ,?is is done by fir/ weigh+ a fragm5t ( ! m9]al 9 a small apo!c>y or jewel]'s balance1 reckon+ x 9 gra9s4 ,!n by a ?read susp5d x bel[ "o ( ! scales 9 a tumbl] ( wat]1 tak+ c>e t ! specim5 is cov]$ ) wat] & does n t\* ! sides4 ,subtract ! weight 9 gra9s z x hangs 9 ! wat] f ! fir/ weight1 & divide ! fir/ weight by ! diff]5ce3 ! result is ! gravity4 ,five p] c5t4 %\ld be all[$ = impurities4 ,:]e exactness is n requir$1 ! gravity ( a specim5 may be judg$ by comp>+ x ) well-kn[n sub/ances4 ,?us1 ,! gravity ( an?racite coal is ab\t #a4e ,! gravity ( brick is ab\t #a4h ,! gravity ( clay is ab\t #b4j ,! gravity ( m>ble & glass is ab\t #b4e ,! gravity ( slate is ab\t #b4h ,! gravity ( ca/-iron is ab\t #g4j ,! gravity ( copp] is ab\t #i4j ,! gravity ( lead is ab\t #aa4j ,if ! gravity ( a m9]al is #a4e1 a cubic in* ( x w weigh ab\t ounce2 if #b41 #a oz42 if #b4e1 #a oz42 if #c41 #a oz42 if #d41 #b oz42 if #e1 #b oz41 etc4 ,!re is no section ( our c\ntry t may n rew>d a dilig5t se>* = preci\s or useful m9]als4 ,! rocks1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! ,alleghanies & ! ,atlantic & betwe5 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & ! ,pacific furni% ! great] v>iety & abundance4 ,"h are f\nd ! be/ ores4 ,gold & silv] seem to ab\nd m on ! we/]n ?an ea/]n sides ( bo? m\nta9-*a9s4 ,a trap-region1 l ! %ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior & ! ,connecticut ,riv] ,valley1 is likely to be a good locality = copp] & iron4 ,! ,mississippi ,valley1 or ! region ( ,bitum9\s ,coal1 furni%es *iefly iron & lead2 gold1 silv] & copp] are seldom f\nd4 ,9 g5]al1 :]e ! lay]s ( rock lie level & conta9 fossil %ells1 x is a locality good only = s(t coal1 7,new ,york except$71 iron ore1 gypsum & salt4 ,! regions ( granite1 slate1 lime/one1 m>ble1 etc41 (f] ! greate/ inducem5t to se>* = useful m9]als4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,directions ,,= ,,det]m9+ ,,specim5s ,,by ,,! ,,key4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,te/ ,,m9]als ,,) ,,! ,,simple/ ,,means--,,prospect+ ,,) ,a ,,jack-,,knife ,,& ,,common ,,s5se--,,use ,,( ,,! ,,key--,,h[ ,,to ,,tell ,,pyrites ,,f ,,gold ,,& ,,qu>tz ,,f ,,diamond--,,all ,,! ,,useful ,,m9]als ,,gr\p$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,h>dness ,,& ,,color4 ,fir/ see :e!r x w scrat* common w9d[-glass4 ,if x w make ! lea/ m>k1 x belongs to division ,a2 if n1 x is to be f\nd 9 gr\p ,b4 ,next notice :e!r ! light w %9e ?r\gh x3 if x does n pass ?r\gh ev5 ! edges or a ?9 spl9t]1 x is opaque2 if any light is all[$ to pass1 x is transluc5t4 ,) a knife see if x is h>d] or s(t] ?an pure :ite m>ble2 !n1 not+ its color1 comp>e x ) ! descriptions ( m9]als ref]r$ to by ! numb]s4 ,if x agree ) none1 x may be consid]$ ( no use 9 ! arts4 ,to make d\bly sure1 get ! gravity z describ$ on page #ab4 ,examples3 ,suppose we h an unkn[n m9]al 9 h&4 ,we fir/ try to scrat* glass ) x & f9d x impossible4 ,x !re=e belongs to section ,b4 ,next we f9d x is opaque & yell[1 & evid5tly heavi] & h>d] ?an m>ble4 ,x mu/ be "o ( two3 #dd attracts ! compass-ne$le1 & ?is w n2 x is consequ5tly #bf or ,copp] ,pyrites1 if x agree ) ! description4 ,if n1 x is some?+ ( no great value4 ,y h f\nd :at y ?9k is a diamond1 ,does ! specim5 scrat* glass8 ,yes1 easily1 & is brittle4 ,c y see ?r\gh x8 ,y say x is cle> z glass4 ,look n[ "u section ,a1 8transluc5t0 s]ies1 numb] #f 7= x is colorless71 & decide :i* ( ! f\r x is4 ,! fir/ "o 7#bg71 is diamond2 b d n let y\r wi%es make x agree4 ,turn+ to ! description1 y read t x c n be scrat*$ ) a file or worn d[n on a gr9d/one4 ,?is decides aga9/ x4 ,besides1 ! gravity 7#b4e7 is too little4 ,) ! next 7#eg7 x agrees p]fectly1 & y ne$ n g fur!r4 ,%\ld ! specim51 h[ev]1 agree v well ) rock cry/al1 only t its gravity 7#c4e7 is too great1 !n x is topaz4 ,all m9]als t scrat* glass are brittle1 & all 7save #cb & #df7 are infusible or melt ) great difficulty4 ,! foll[+ m9]als w burn1 evaporate or melt )\t a flux 9 an ord9>y fire3 ,nos4 #b1 #d1 #e1 #g1 #aj1 #ac1 #ad1 #af1 #ah1 #ai1 #ba1 #bc1 #bd1 #bf1 #bi1 #cc1 #ce1 #cg1 #dd1 #ec1 #ee1 #fb1 #fc1 #gj1 #ga1 #ge4 ,all b ! foll[+ are heavi] ?an m>ble3 #b1 #d1 #f1 #g1 #aj1 #ad1 #af1 #cd1 #cf1 #dj1 #dg1 #dh1 #ef1 #fj1 #fa1 #fi1 #ga4 ,nos4 #b1 #ej & #eh alone dissolve 9 wat]4 ,9 det]m9+ color1 be sure y h a fre% surface1 = ! outside is (t5 deceptive4 ,by 8bl[-pipe0 is meant ! tap]+ tube us$ by wat*-mak]s4 ,a4 ,,w ,,scrat* ,,glass4 ,i4 ,,opaque4 7#a7 ,black3 #ab1 #bj1 #bh1 #cj1 #db1 #dc1 #ea1 #ed1 #fg1 #gb4 7#b7 ,br[n3 #ab1 #bh1 #db1 #ei1 #gb1 #gg4 7#c7 ,r$3 #ci1 #df1 #ed4 #ei4 #fg4 7#d7 ,yell[3 #ch1 #gb1 #gg4 7#e7 ,gray3 #bb1 #bh1 #gb4 7#f7 ,:ite3 #fd4 ,,ii4 ,,transluc5t4 7#a7 ,br[n3 #cb1 #ei1 #gb1 #gg4 7#b7 ,r$3 #ag1 #cb1 #df1 #ei1 #fh1 #gc1 #gd4 7#c7 ,yell[3 #cb1 #ei1 #gb1 #gc1 #gg4 7#d7 ,gre53 #gd1 #gg4 7#e7 ,violet-blue3 #c4 7#f7 ,:ite3 #bg1 #eg1 #gc1 #gg4 7#g7 ,b&$ or cl\d$3 #a4 ,b4 ,,w ,,n ,,scrat* ,,glass4 ,i4 ,,opaque4 ,h>d] ?an :ite m>ble4#b ,s(t] ?an :ite m>ble4 7#a7 ,black3 #aa1 #ce1 #dg4 #d1 #g1 #aj1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #af1 #bd1 #cd1 #cg1 #di1 #ea1 #ee1 #ef1 #gf4 7#b7 ,br[n3 #ff1 #ge4 #ab1 #ad1 #ba4 7#c7 ,r$3 #dd1 #ec1 #ge4 #ba1 #bc1 #da1 #ee4 7#d7 ,yell[3 #bf1 #dd4 #ab1 #cc1 #ef4 7#e7 ,gre53 #de4 #fj1 #fa4 7#f7 ,gray3 #ce1 #ff4 #e1 #bd1 #ca1 #cd1 #cf1 #di1 #ef1 #fc1 #fi4 7#g7 ,:ite3 #f1 #i1 #aa4 #cf1 #dj1 #ef1 #fb4 ,,ii4 ,,transluc5t4 7#a7 ,black3 #aa4 #ee4 7#b7 ,br[n3 #i1 #aa1 #fe1 #ff4 #dh4 7#c7 ,r$3 #i1 #aa1 #ah1 #ec1 #gh4 #cf1 #ee4 7#d7 ,yell[3 #i1 #aa1 #ae1 #bi1 #dh1 #ga4 #dg1 #gh4 7#e7 ,gre53 #bi1 #de1 #fe1 #gj4 #dh1 #fj1 #fa4 7#f7 ,blue3 #h1 #ah1 #bi1 #dg4 7#g7 ,gray3 #ai1 #dg1 #fe1 #ff4 #cg1 #fi4 7#h7 ,:ite3 #ah1 #dg4 #b4 7#i7 ,mottl$ or ,b&$3 #dg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,descriptive ,,li/ ,,( ,,useful ,,m9]als4 ,,! ,,gems--,,preci\s ,,metals--,,valuable ,,ores ,,& ,,useful ,,m9]als ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,f ,,agate ,,to ,,z9c--,,_! ,,di/+ui%+ ,,*>act]s1 ,,uses ,,& ,,localities--,a ,,m9]alogy ,,= ,,m9]s4 #a4--;,,agate4 ,?is /one is a mixture ( sev]al k9ds ( qu>tz1 ma9ly ! :ite1 r$1 br[n & black1 dispos$ 9 lay]s or cl\ds4 ,! lay]s are zigzag1 circul> or 9 /raight b&s 7onyx74 ,occurs 9 irregul> r\nd$ masses2 n v transluc5t2 n alt]$ by heat or acids2 _c be cut ) a knife nor split into plates2 takes a high poli%2 lu/re glassy2 gravity #b4e4 ,,value4--,us$ = jewelry & ornam5tal "w1 mort>s1 vases1 knife-h&les1 burni%]s1 etc4 ,! colors are deep5$ by boil+ 9 oil & !n 9 sulphuric acid4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite & trap regions1 g5]ally by ! %ores ( riv]s1 lakes & ! sea2 z1 nor?-we/ %ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior2 ,miss\ri1 ,columbia1 ,colorado & ,connecticut ,riv]s2 ,cresc5t ,city1 ,cal42 ,hancock ,c\nty1 ,ga42 ne> ,tampa ,bay1 ,fla42 ,fulton1 ,p5n42 ,yell[/one ,lake1 ,wy4#c #b4-;,,alum4 ,occurs 9 mealy or solid cru/s1 (t5 fibr\s2 dissolves 9 wat]2 ta/es sweeti%-a/r+5t2 melts & fro?s up :5 heat$4 ,,value4--,ext5sively us$ 9 dye+ & calico-pr9t+1 c&le-mak+1 dress+ sk9s1 cl>ify+ liquors & 9 ph>macy4 ,,localities4--,f\nd incru/+ & impregnat+ d>k slaty rocks1 ) yell[ /reaks4 ,cape ,sable1 ,md42 ,clevel& ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,c42 coal slates on ,ohio ,riv]1 & 9 caves 9 ,sevi]1 ,de ,kalb1 ,c(fee & ,frankl9 ,c\nties1 ,t5n42 also ,esm]alda & ,/orey ,c\nties1 ,nev4 #c4--;,,ame?y/4 ,same z ,rock ,cry/al1 b color$ purple or blui% violet4 ,g5]ally 9 clu/]$ cry/als4 ,,value4--,:5 cle> & f9ely color$1 x is a favorite gem4 ,,localities4--,usually f\nd ) agate4 ,kewe5aw ,po9t1 ,pic ,bay & ,g>gontwa on ,lake ,sup]ior2 ,bri/ol1 ,r4 ,i42 ,surry1 ,n4 ,h42 ,ea/ ,brad=d1 ,a/on1 ,*e/]1 ,?ornbury1 ,edgemont1 ,sadsbury1 ,birm+ham1 ,middlet[n & ,provid5ce1 ,p5n42 ,gre5sboro1 ,n4 ,c4 #d4--;,,an?racite4 ,occurs massive2 compact2 high lu/re2 brittle2 breaks ) a curv$ surface2 w n scrat* m>ble2 burns1 b n readily1 ) a pale blue flame & little smoke2 w n =m coke by roa/+2 gravity #a4d to #a4h4 ,,value4--,us$ = fuel & sometimes cut into ink/&s1 etc4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 b$s betwe5 slates & s&/ones1 & ea/ ( ! ,alleghany range only1 z ,ea/]n ,p5nsylvania2 ,portsm\?1 ,r4 ,i42 ,mansfield1 ,mass42 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,no workable b$s w be f\nd 9 ,new ,york4 ,! rocks 9 an?racite regions are tilt$1 b5t & brok51 nev] level to any great ext5t4 ,impressions ( leaves are good indications4 #e4--;,,antimony ,,ore4 ,occurs fibr\s or granul>2 color lead gray1 (t5 t>ni%$2 %9+ lu/re1 brittle2 b ?9 pieces c be cut (f ) a knife2 melts 9 a c&le1 at a high heat pass+ (f 9 vapor2 gravity #d4e4 ,,value4--,! s\rce ( ! antimony ( comm]ce1 conta9+ sev5ty p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd associat$ ) ,silv]1 ,spa?ic ,iron1 ,bl5de1 ,b>yta & ,qu>tz4 ,c>mel1 ,me42 ,lyme1 ,n4 ,h42 ,soldi]'s ,delight1 ,md42 ,aurora1 ,nev42 ,san ,am$io ,caon & ,tul>e ,c\nty1 ,cal4 #f4--;,,asbe/us4 ,occurs f9ely fibr\s1 flax-l2 flexible1 n ela/ic2 silky lu/re1 sometimes gre5i%2 gravity #c4 ,,value4--,us$ = l9+ safes & /eam-pack+1 & = mak+ incombu/ible clo?1 lamp-wicks1 etc4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite-regions ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies2 (t5 ) ,s]p5t9e4 ,brighton1 ,d$ham1 ,newbury1 ,pelham & ,%effield1 ,mass42 ,mil=d1 ,we/ ,f>ms1 ,w9*e/] & ,wilton1 ,conn42 ,*e/]1 ,mt4 ,holly & ,cav5di%1 ,vt42 ,patt]son1 ,phillip/[n1 ,monroe & ,/at5 ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y42 ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j42 ,ea/ ,nott+ham1 ,go%5 & ,a/on1 ,p5n42 ,b>e ,hills & ,coopt[n1 ,md42 ,b>net's ,mills1 ,va4 #g4--;,,asphaltum4 ,occurs massive2 brittle2 break+ ) high lu/re l h>d5$ t>1 & ) curv$ surface2 melts & burns readily ) flame & smoke2 gravity #a4b1 sometimes floats on wat]4 ,,value4--,us$ = cem5ts & v>ni%es4 ,,localities4--,f\nd g5]ally ne> ! surface4 ,ne> ! coa/ ( ,santa ,b>b>a1 ,cal42 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 tw5ty miles s\? ( ,p>k]sburg4 #h4--;,,azurite4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses ) glassy lu/re1 or e>?y & dull2 brittle2 crackles & black5s1 & f9ally fuses by heat2 dissolves ) eff]vesc5ce 9 nitric acid2 gravity #c4e4 ,,value4--,a valuable ore ( copp]1 conta9+ sixty p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd *iefly 9 lead & copp] m9es4 ,p]kiom5 lead m9e1 ,cornwall1 ,pho5ixville & ,ni*olson's ,gap1 ,pa2 ne> ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j42 ne> ,m9]al ,po9t1 ,wis42 ,polk ,c\nty1 ,t5n42 ,calav]as & ,m>iposa ,c\nties1 ,cal42 ne> ,virg9ia ,city1 ,mont4 #i4--;,,b>yta1 ,,or ,,heavy ,,sp>4 ,occurs 9 cry/als1 plates & masses2 p[d] :ite2 brittle2 crackles :5 /rongly heat$2 n dissolv$ 9 acids2 easily di/+ui%$ by its weight2 gravity #d4e1 or twice z heavy z ,gypsum4 ,,value4--,us$ ext5sively z :ite pa9t & 9 pott]y4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 m9+ di/ricts1 (t5 ) lead1 copp] & iron ores1 & 9 lime/one4 ,pi]mont1 ,n4 ,h42 ,hatfield1 ,s\?ampton & ,lev]ett1 ,mass42 ,*e%ire & ,b]l91 ,conn42 ,pill> ,po9t1 ,rossie1 ,c>lisle1 ,scoh>ie1 ,de ,kalb1 ,g\v]neur1 ,n4 ,y42 ,fauqui] & ,buck+ham ,c\nties1 ,va42 ,union1 ,ga/on & ,orange ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,c42 ne> ,p>is1 & 9 ,&]son1 ,fayette1 ,m]c] & ,ow5 ,c\nties1 ,ky42 on ,br[n's ,creek & ,haysboro1 ,t5n42 ,ba9bridge1 ,o42 ,scales ,m\nd1 ,ill42 ,pr9ce ,ve91 ,lake ,sup]ior2 ,m9e-a-,b>ton1 ,mo42 ne> ,=t ,wallace1 ,n4 ,m42 ,+o ,c\nty1 ,cal4 #aj4--;,,bitum9\s ,,coal4 ,occurs 9 masses1 b$s or seams2 s(t] & dull] ?an ,an?racite2 (t5 a bright pit*y lu/re2 brittle1 %[+ a slaty or jo9t$ /ructure r ?an curv$ surface2 p[d] black2 burns readily ) yell[ flame2 by roa/+ =ms coke2 gravity #a4e or less4 ,,value4--,us$ = fuel & ! production ( gas1 coke1 c>bolic acid & anil9e4 ,,localities4--,f\nd we/ ( ,h>risburg1 ,pa41 9 rocks 7slates & s&/ones7 less di/urb$ ?an 9 ! ,an?racite region4 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania2 ,s\?-ea/ ,ohio2 ,we/ ,virg9ia2 ,ea/]n ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee to ,tuscaloosa2 ,nor?-we/ ,k5tucky2 ,ill9ois2 ,i[a2 ,miss\ri2 ,kansas2 ,arkansas2 ,nor!rn ,texas2 ,c5tral ,mi*igan2 ,owyhee ,c\nty1 ,idaho2 ,de] ,lodge & ,gallat9 ,c\nties & sixty miles nor?-ea/ ( ,bannock1 ,mont4 #aa4--;,,bl5de4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 waxy lu/re1 b n always v app>5t2 usual color1 ros9-yell[ to d>k br[n2 brittle2 ! p[d]1 :i* is :iti% to r$di%-br[n1 dissolves 9 muriatic acid giv+ (f ! odor ( rott5 eggs2 by roa/+ gives (f sulphur-fumes2 infusible alone1 b on *>coal at a high heat gives (f :ite fumes2 gravity #d4 ,,value4--,an ore ( z9c 7conta9+ sixty-six p] c5t47 & a s\rce ( :ite vitriol4 ,(t5 work$ = its ,silv] & ,gold4 ,,localities4--,f\nd ) lead & o!r ores4 ,lubec & ,b+ham1 ,me42 ,eaton1 ,w>r5 & ,%elburne1 ,n4 ,h42 ,/]l+1 ,s\?ampton & ,hatfield1 ,mass42 ,brookfield1 ,b]l91 ,roxbury & ,monroe1 ,conn42 ne> ,wurtzboro'1 ,coop]'s ,falls1 ,m9]al ,po9t1 ,f[l]1 ,ancram1 ,cl9ton & ,sprak]'s ,bas91 ,n4 ,y42 ,:eatley & ,p]kiom5 lead-m9es1 ,s*uylkill1 ,%annonville & ,fri$5sville1 ,pa42 ,au/9's lead-m9e1 ,va42 ,haysboro'1 ,br[n's ,creek & ,polk ,c\nties1 ,t5n42 ,pr9ce ,ve91 ,mi*42 ,dubuque1 ,ia42 ,w>saw1 ,rosicl>e & ,gal5a1 ,ill42 ,%ullsburg1 ,wis42 ,/illwat]1 ,m9n4 #ab4--;,,bog ,,iron ,,ore4 ,occurs 9 masses or b$s1 look+ mu* l h>d br[n e>?2 loose or por\s & e>?y1 r ?an compact & nodul>2 p[d] yell[i%-br[n2 :5 /rongly heat$ becomes black & magnetic2 gravity ne>ly #d4 ,an e>?y yell[ v>iety is call$ ,yell[ ,o*re4 ,,value4--,an important ore1 yield+ ?irty-five p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 l[1 m>%y gr\nds2 widely di/ribut$4 ,lebanon1 ,n4 ,h42 ,b]k%ire & ,plym\? ,c\nties1 ,mass42 ,columbia1 ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,frankl9 & ,jeff]son ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,y42 ,new ,lim]ick1 ,katahd91 ,newfield1 ,%apleigh1 ,argyle1 ,cl9ton1 ,williamsburg & ,lebanon1 ,me42 ,d>i5 & ,m>t9 ,c\nties1 ,ind42 ,monm\? ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,j42 ,som]set & ,worce/] ,c\nties1 ,md42 ,mi*igan1 ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 ,wiscons91 etc4 #ac4--;,,brittle ,,silv] ,,ore4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 metallic lu/re2 t>ni%es yell[1 gray & f9ally black2 easily cut or brok52 :5 heat$ gives (f fumes ( sulphur & antimony1 af=d+ a button ( silv]2 dissolv$ 9 nitric acid1 x silv]s copp] plac$ 9 x2 gravity #f4 ,,value4--,a ri* ore ( silv]1 conta9+ ov] sixty p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 ve9s ) o!r silv] ores1 9 ,nevada & ,idaho4 #ad4--;,,br[n ,,coal4 ,occurs l ,bitum9\s ,coal1 b usually br[ni%-black ) less lu/re1 & (t5 %[+ a woody or slaty /ructure2 p[d] always br[n2 conta9s fossil plants2 gravity betwe5 #a4b & #a4e4 ,,value4--,inf]ior to ,no4 #aj4 ,makes no coke4 ,c be us$ 9 ! manufacture ( alum4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 ?9 ve9s or elliptical masses1 nev] 9 ext5sive lay]s l ,p5nsylvania coal4 ,ne> ,ri*mond1 ,va42 ,deep ,riv]1 ,n4 ,c42 ,mi*igan1 ,miss\ri1 ,texas2 ,evan/on1 ,utah2 ,coal ,creek & ,bellmonte1 ,col42 ,boreman1 ,de>born ,riv] & ,gre5horn ,gul*1 ,mont4 #ae4--;,,calam9e4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 glossy lu/re2 h>d] ?an m>ble2 brittle2 heat$ x swells up1 becomes opaque & emits a gre5 light2 dissolves1 :5 p[d]$1 9 hot sulphuric acid )\t eff]vesc5ce2 gravity #c4d4 ,,value4--,an ore ( z9c yield+ f =ty to sixty p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 lime/one rock ) o!r ores4 ,fri$5sville1 ,p]kiom51 ,phnixville1 ,lanca/] & ,sel9's ,grove1 ,pa42 ,au/9's ,m9es 9 ,wy! ,c\nty1 ,va42 ,claiborne ,c\nty1 ,t5n42 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,mo4 #af4--;,,cannel ,,coal4 ,occurs 9 compact masses2 dull lu/re2 brittle1 break+ ) a curv$ surface2 burns readily b does n melt2 does n soil ! f+]s2 gravity ab\t #a4b4 ,,value4--,us$ = fuel & = mak+ gas1 oil & ornam5ts4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley2 ,k5tucky2 ,lick1 ,ohio2 ,ill9ois2 ,moniteau ,c\nty1 ,mo42 ,k5a:a ,c\nty1 ,va42 ,beav] ,c\nty1 ,pa4 #ag4--;,,c>nelian4 ,occurs 9 masses or pebbles2 at fir/ grayi%1 b by exposure to ! sun becomes uni=m fle%1 r$ or br[n1 nev] /rip$1--al?\gh ,c>nelian may =m "o ( ! b&s ( an ,agate2 brittle1 break+ ) a curv$ surface2 v h>d2 takes a f9e poli%2 glassy or res9\s lu/re2 gravity #b4f4 ,,value4--,us$ = jewelry4 ,:5 ( two lay]s1 :ite & r$1 7prop]ly call$ s>donyx17 x is us$ = cameos4 ,,localities4--,same z ,agate4 #ah4--;,,cele/9e4 ,occurs cry/alliz$1 fibr\s & massive2 color :ite1 (t5 fa9t blui%2 glassy lu/re2 v brittle2 "u ! bl[-pipe crackles & melts1 t++ ! flame r$2 does n dissolve 9 acids2 gravity #d4 ,,value4--,! s\rce ( nitrate ( /rontia1 us$ 9 fire-works4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 lime/one1 gypsum & s&/one4 ,rossie1 ,s*oh>ie1 ,*aumont ,bay1 ,depauville & ,/>k1 ,n4 ,y42 ,frank/[n1 ,pa42 ,/rontian & ,put-9-,bay ,isl&s1 ,lake ,erie2 ne> ,na%ville1 ,t5n42 ,=t ,dodge1 ,i[a4 #ai4--;,,c]ussite4 ,occurs 9 cry/als1 9 p[d] or masses2 glassy lu/re2 brittle2 dissolves 9 nitric acid ) eff]vesc5ce2 heat$ /rongly on *>coal crackles & fuses1 giv+ a globule ( lead2 gravity #f4d4 ,,value4--,a ri* ore ( lead yield+ sev5ty-five p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 lead m9es4 ,s\?ampton1 ,mass42 ,p]kiom51 ,phnixville1 ,*>le/[n & ,s*uylkill1 ,pa42 ,wy! ,c\nty1 ,va42 ,wa%+ton ,m9e1 ,n4 ,c42 ,valle's ,digg+s1 ,m9e-la-,motte & ,m9e-a-,burton1 ,mo42 ,davies & ,rock ,c\nties1 ,ill42 ,blue ,m\nds1 ,wis42 ,+o ,c\nty1 ,cal4 #bj4--;,,*romic ,,iron4 ,occurs 9 compact masses2 p[d] d>k br[n2 small pieces sometimes attract$ by ! magnet2 brittle1 break+ ) unev5 surface2 ) borax melts into a gre5 globule2 n act$ ^u by acids2 little lu/re2 gravity #d4d4 ,,value4--,us$ 9 mak+ ! *rome pigm5ts4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 ,s]p5t9e4 ,b>e ,hills1 ,coopt[n & nor? "p ( ,cecil ,c\nty1 ,md42 ,nott+ham1 ,w4 ,go%51 ,willi/on1 ,fulton1 ,m9]al ,hill1 ,texas & ,unionville1 ,pa42 ,jay1 ,new ,fane1 ,we/field & ,troy1 ,vt42 ,*e/] & ,blan=d1 ,mass42 ,l\don ,c\nty1 ,va42 ,yancy ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,c42 ,nor? ,almad51 ,new ,idria & ,coloma1 ,cal4 #ba4--;,,c9nab>4 ,occurs 9 granul> or e>?y masses2 resembles iron-ru/1 b is a yell[i%-r$2 p[d] sc>let2 easily cut ) a knife2 ?r[n on r$-hot iron1 evaporates1 giv+ (f odor ( sulphur2 rubb$ on copp]1 8silv]s0 x2 gravity #i1 or ab\t z heavy z ,copp]4 ,,value4--,! s\rce ( m]cury 7conta9+ eighty-f\r p] c5t47 & v]milion4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 slate & lime/one rocks4 ,c5treville1 ,c\lt]ville1 ,new ,idria & ,new ,almad51 & ,lake & ,san ,luis ,obispo ,c\nties1 ,cali=nia2 ,idaho4 #bb4--;,,cobalt ,,pyrites4 ,occurs cry/alliz$ & massive2 does n scrat* glass easily2 metallic lu/re2 t>ni%1 copp]-r$2 p[d]1 blacki%-gray2 brittle2 heat$ on *>coal gives (f sulphur fumes2 heat$ ) borax gives a blue glass2 gravity #e4 ,,value4--,an ore ( cobalt1 yield+ tw5ty p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,usually f\nd 9 slate or granite rocks ) ,copp] ,pyrites4 ,m9]al ,hill1 ,md42 ,m9e-la-,motte1 ,mo4 #bc4--;,,copp]4 ,occurs 9 irregul> masses2 metallic lu/re2 c be cut ) a knife2 malleable2 ductile2 fusible2 gravity #h4h4 ,,value4--,a s\rce ( copp] & silv]4 ,,localities4--,mo/ abundant 9 ! trap & 8free/one0 regions4 ,new ,brunswick1 ,som]ville1 ,s*uyl]'s & ,flem+ton1 ,n4 ,j42 ,:ately1 ,mass42 ,cornwall & ,%annonville1 ,pa42 ,polk ,c\nty1 ,t5n42 ,kewe5aw ,po9t1 ,lake ,sup]ior2 ,calav]as1 ,amador & ,santa ,b>b>a ,c\nties1 ,cal42 on ,gila ,riv]1 ,ariz4 #bd4--;,,copp] ,,glance4 ,occurs cry/alliz$ & massive2 color1 blacki% lead-gray1 (t5 t>ni%$ blue or gre52 ne>ly z h>d z m>ble2 brittle2 a spl9t] w melt 9 a c&le1 giv+ (f ! odor ( sulphur2 dissolv$ 9 nitric acid1 x w coat a knife-blade ) copp]2 metallic lu/re2 gravity #e4e4 ,,value4--,an ore ( copp]1 yield+ sev5ty-five p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd at copp]-m9es4 ,simsbury1 ,bri/ol & ,*e%ire1 ,conn42 ,s*uyl]'s ,m9es1 ,n4 ,j42 ,orange ,c\nty1 ,va42 ne> ,newm>ket1 ,md42 ,lake ,sup]ior copp]-region2 ,la ,paz1 ,arizona2 ,wa%oe1 ,humboldt1 ,nye & ,*ur*ill ,c\nties1 ,nev4 #be4--;,,copp] ,,nickel4 ,occurs 9 masses2 metallic lu/re2 color pale copp]-r$2 t>ni%es gray to black2 p[d] pale br[ni%-black2 brittle2 on *>coal melts giv+ ! odor ( g>lic2 becomes gre5 9 nitric acid2 gravity #g4e4 ,,value4--,an ore ( nickel 7conta9+ =ty-f\r p] c5t47 & ars5ic4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite regions4 ,*a?am1 ,conn4 #bf4--;,,copp] ,,pyrites4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 color brass-yell[2 t>ni%es gre52 metallic lu/re :5 fre%ly brok52 c be cut ) a knife2 brittle2 p[d] gre5i% black2 on *>coal melts giv+ (f sulphur fumes2 dissolves 9 nitric acid1 mak+ a gre5 liquid2 gravity #d4b4 ,,value4--,if ( a f9e yell[ hue1 x is a valuable copp] ore 7yield+ f twelve to =ty p] c5t47 & s\rce ( blue vitriol4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 m\nta9\s or granite regions ) o!r ores4 ,lubec & ,dext]1 ,me42 ,franconia1 ,unity1 ,w>r51 ,eaton1 ,lyme1 ,hav]hill & ,%elburne1 ,n4 ,h42 ,cor9?1 ,wat]bury & ,/raf=d1 ,vt42 ,s\?ampton1 ,turn]'s ,falls1 ,hatfield & ,/]l+1 ,mass42 ,bri/ol & ,middlet[n1 ,conn42 ,ancram1 ,rossie1 ,wurtzboro' & ,ell5ville1 ,n4 ,y42 ,phnixville & ,pott/[n1 ,pa42 ,b>e ,hills1 ,catoct9 ,m\nta9s1 ne> ,newm>ket & ,f9ksbury1 ,md42 ,phnix & ,walton ,m9es1 ,va42 ,gre5sboro1 ,*>lotte & ,phnix ,m9es1 ,n4 ,c42 ,hiwassee ,m9es1 ,t5n2 ,*]okee1 ,rabun & ,hab]%am ,c\nties1 ,ga42 ,presque ,isl&1 ,lake ,sup]ior2 ,m9]al ,po9t1 ,wis42 ,union1 ,key/one1 ,empire & o!r m9es1 ,calav]as ,c\nty1 ,la ,victoire & ,haskell claims 9 ,m>iposa ,c\nty1 ,amador & ,plumas ,c\nties1 ,cal42 ne> ,virg9ia ,city1 ,mont4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prospect+ ,,diamond ,,drill4 #bg4--;,,diamond4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & irregul> angul> masses2 _c be scrat*$ by any o!r m9]al or ! file2 brilliant lu/re2 feels cold to ! t\*2 :5 rubb$ on ! sleeve exhibits electricity = h\rs2 reta9s ! brea? b a %ort "t2 (t5 t+$ yell[1 r$1 or gre52 gravity #c4e4 ,,value4--,us$ = jewelry1 l5ses & = cutt+ glass4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 gold-regions1 9 riv]-wa%+s ( s& & pebbles2 usually ) co>se gold1 b deep] d[n4 ,ru!r=d1 ,cab>ras1 ,frankl9 & ,l9coln ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,c42 ,hall ,c\nty1 ,ga42 ,man*e/]1 ,va42 ,*]okee ,rav9e1 ,n4 ,san ,juan1 ,fr5* ,canal1 ,=re/ ,hill1 ,plac]ville & ,fiddlet[n1 ,cal4 #bh4--;,,em]y4 ,occurs 9 granul> masses1 sometimes ) blui% cry/als2 looks l f9e gra9$ iron ore2 breaks ) unev5 surface2 scrat*es qu>tz easily2 v t\gh2 brittle2 gravity #d4 ,,value4--,us$ ext5sively z a cutt+ & poli%+ mat]ial4 ,,localities4--,f\nd g5]ally 9 lime/one or granite ) ,magnetic ,iron ,ore4 ,*e/]1 ,mass42 ,newl9 & ,unionville1 ,p5n42 ,macon & ,guil=d ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,c4 #bi4--;,,fluor ,,sp>4 ,occurs 9 squ>e cry/als & 9 masses2 glassy lu/re2 p[d] :ite2 brittle2 crackles :5 heat$ & !n %9es 9 ! d>k2 does n eff]vesce ) acids2 is n scrat*$ by m>ble2 gravity #c4 ,,value4--,us$ z flux 9 glass & iron works4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 lime/one1 granite1 slate1 etc41 (t5 at lead-m9es4 ,blue ,hill ,bay1 ,me42 ,we/morel&1 ,n4 ,h42 ,putney1 ,vt42 ,s\?ampton1 ,mass42 ,trumbull1 ,plym\?1 ,middlet[n & ,willimantic1 ,conn42 ,muscolonge ,lake1 ,rossie & ,johnsburg1 ,n4 ,y42 ne> ,frankl91 ,n4 ,j42 ne> ,wood/ock & ,%ep>d/[n1 ,va42 ,smi? ,c\nty1 ,t5n42 ,m]c] ,c\nty1 ,ky42 ,gallat9 ,c\nty1 along ! ,ohio1 ,ill4 ,ca/le ,dome ,di/rict1 ,ariz4 #cj4--;,,frankl9ite4 ,occurs cry/alliz$ & 9 masses2 g5]ally made ( co>se gra9s2 brittle2 p[d] d>k r$di%-br[n2 heat$ ) soda turns blui%-gre52 dissolves 9 muriatic acid2 gravity #e4 ,,value4--,an ore ( z9c4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 lime/one ) ,g>net & ,z9cite4 ,hamburg & ,/irl+ ,hill1 ,n4 ,j4 #ca4--;,,gal5a4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 brilliant lu/re2 brittle2 easily brok52 p[d]1 :5 f9ely rubb$ is black2 c be cut ) a knife2 heat$ x gives (f sulphur & melts2 dissolves 9 nitric acid leav+ a :ite p[d] at ! bottom2 gravity #g4e--or a little heavi] ?an ca/-iron4 ,,value4--,! ma9 s\rce ( lead 7yield+ eighty p] c5t71 & also smelt$ = ! silv] x conta9s4 ,us$ also 9 glaz+ /one-w>e4 ,,localities4--,g5]ally f\nd 9 lime/one ) ,iron ,pyrites1 z9c-ore1 etc4 ,t f\nd 9 slate is ri*e/ 9 silv]4 ,ab\nds 9 ,miss\ri1 ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 ,wiscons9 & ,arkansas2 ,rossie1 ,wurtzboro1 ,ancram1 ,macomb & ,ell5ville1 ,n4 ,y42 ,lubec1 ,blue ,hill ,bay1 ,b+ham & ,p>sonsville1 ,me42 ,eaton1 ,%elburne1 ,hav]ill1 ,w>r5 & ,ba?1 ,n4 ,h42 ,!t=d1 ,vt42 ,s\?ampton1 ,lev]ett & ,/]l+1 ,mass42 ,middlet[n & ,roxbury1 ,conn42 ,phnixville1 ,*>le/[n1 ,s*uylkill1 ,pequea ,valley & ,%annonville1 ,pa42 ,au/9's & ,walton's ,m9es1 ,va42 ,cab>ras ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,c42 ,br[n's ,creek & ,haysboro1 ,t5n42 ,*ocolate ,riv]1 ,mi*42 ,+o ,c\nty1 ,cal42 on ,walk]'s ,riv] & ,/eamboat ,spr+s1 ,nev42 ,ca/le ,dome & ,eureka1 ,ariz42 ,cle> ,creek ,c\nty1 ,col42 ,virg9ia ,city & ,r$ ,bluff ,lode1 ,mont42 ,ca*e ,valley1 ,utah4 #cb4--;,,g>net4 ,occurs 9 cry/als ) f\r-sid$ faces2 (t5 ne>ly r\nd2 deep r$1 :i* gr[s d>k] by heat2 r>ely yell[2 also 9 br[n masses2 melts at a high heat2 brittle2 n scrat*$ by a knife2 glassy lu/re2 gravity #d4 ,,value4--,! cle> deep r$ & yell[ v>ieties are us$ = jewelry2 ! massive br[n is gr\nd = 8em]y40 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 slate & granite rocks4 ,be!l1 ,p>sonsfield1 ,phippsburg1 ,w9dham1 ,brunswick & ,ran=d1 ,me42 ,hanov]1 ,franconia1 ,hav]hill1 ,w>r51 ,unity1 ,lisbon & ,grafton1 ,n4 ,h42 ,new ,fane1 ,cabot & ,cav5di%1 ,vt42 ,c>lisle1 ,boxbor\gh1 ,brookfield1 ,brimfield1 ,newbury1 ,b$=d1 ,*e/]field & ,b>re1 ,mass42 ,read+1 ,monroe1 ,haddam & ,middlet[n1 ,conn42 ,rog]s' ,rock1 ,cr[n ,po9t1 ,willsboro1 ,middlet[n1 ,amity1 & ne> ,yonk]s1 ,n4 ,y42 ,frankl91 ,n4 ,j42 ,p5nsbury1 ,w>wick1 ,a/on1 ,knau]t[n1 ,*e/]1 ,leip]ville & ,m9]al ,hill1 ,pa42 ,dickson's ,qu>ry1 ,del42 ,hope ,valley1 ,cal42 ne> ,virg9ia ,city1 on ,yell[/one & ,madison ,riv]s1 ,mont4 #cc4--;,,gold4 ,occurs 9 scales1 gra9s & nuggets1 or dissem9at$ ?r\gh cellul> qu>tz2 metallic lu/re2 )\t t>ni%2 c be cut & hamm]$ into ?9 plates2 n dissolv$ by nitric acid2 gravity #ai1 :5 pure & ( a ri* gold yell[ color4 ,! pale or brass yell[ specim5s are mu* light]1 ! gravity be+ z l[ z #ac4 ,a grayi% yell[ gold1 occurr+ 9 small1 flat gra9s has a gravity ( ab\t #af4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 ve9s ( qu>tz runn+ ?r\gh gre5i% or grayi% slates1 ! qu>tz at ! surface be+ g5]ally full ( cavities & ru/$1 & ! slates bel[ ! surface (t5 conta9+ little cubic cry/als ( ,iron ,pyrites3 also 9 ! valleys trav]s$ by m\nta9-/reams & 9 ! riv] s&s & gravel bel[4 ,iron & ,copp] ,pyrites1 ,gal5a & ,bl5de frequ5tly conta9 gold4 ,masses ( qu>tz & pyrites f ! gold-regions1 :i* make no %[ ( gold1 sometimes pay well2 ! value ( su* specim5s c be ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ ,,aurif]\s ,,s&s4 det]m9$ only by an assay]4 ,ea/]n range ( ,appala*ians1 z ,hab]%am1 ,rabun1 ,cl>k1 ,hall1 ,lumpk9 & ,l9coln ,c\nties1 ,ga42 ,abbeville1 ,*e/]field1 ,union1 ,lanca/] & ,pick5s ,c\nties1 ,s4 ,c42 ,montgom]y1 ,cab>ras1 ,me*l5burg1 ,burke & ,l9coln ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,c42 ,spotsylvania1 ,buck+ham1 ,fauqui]1 ,/af=d1 ,culpepp]1 ,orange1 ,goo*l& & ,l\isa ,c\nties1 ,va42 ,d$ham1 ,mass42 ,bridgewat]1 ,vt42 ,canaan & ,lisbon1 ,n4 ,h42 on ,s&y ,riv] & ,madrid1 ,me4 ,numb]less po9ts along ! high] ,rocky ,m\nta9s & we/]n slope ( ,si]ra ,nevada1 z ne> ,santa ,fe1 ,c]illos & ,avo1 ,new ,mex42 ,san ,francisco1 ,wauba & ,yuma ,di/rict1 ,ariz2 betwe5 ,long's ,peak & ,pike's ,peak1 ,col42 ,com/ock ,lode1 ,nev42 ,owyhee1 ,boise & ,fl9t ,di/ricts & ,poorman ,lode1 ,idaho2 ,emigrant & ,ald] ,gul*es1 ,r$ ,bluff & ne> ,jeff]son ,riv]1 ,mont42 ,joseph9e ,di/rict1 ,p[d]1 ,burnt1 & ,john ,day ,riv]s1 we/]n slope ( ,cascade ,m\nta9s1 & s\!rn coa/1 ,oregon2 ,tul>e1 ,fresno1 ,m>iposa1 ,tuolumne1 ,calav]as1 ,el ,dorado1 ,plac]1 ,nevada1 ,yuba1 ,si]ra1 ,butte1 ,plumas1 ,%a/a1 ,siskiy\ ,amador & ,del ,norte ,c\nties1 ,cal4 ,r>e 9 ! coal-regions & ,mississippi ,valley4 #cd4--;,,graphite4 ,occurs 9 foliat$1 scaly & granul> masses2 c be cut into ?9 slices1 :i* are flexible1 b n ela/ic2 impressible by ! nail2 feels greasy2 leaves a %9+ trace on pap]2 metallic lu/re2 n alt]$ by heat or acids2 gravity #b4 ,,value4--,us$ = p5cils1 poli%+1 glaz+1 = mak+ /eel1 crucibles1 ov]com+ friction1 etc4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite1 slate & lime/one rocks4 ,/urbridge1 ,nor? ,brookfield1 ,brimfield1 ,h9sdale & ,wor?+ton1 ,mass42 ,cornwall & ,a%=d1 ,conn42 ,br&on1 ,vt42 ,wood/ock1 ,me42 ,go%51 ,hillsboro & ,ke5e1 ,n4 ,h42 ,ticond]oga1 ,fi%kill1 ,rog]'s ,rock1 ,johnsburg1 ,=t ,ann1 ,amity1 ,rossie & ,alex&ria1 ,n4 ,y42 ,frankl9 & ,lockwood1 ,n4 ,j42 ,s\?ampton & ,buck's ,c\nty1 ,p5n42 on ! ,gunp[d]1 ,md42 ,albem>le ,c\nty1 ,va42 ,wake1 ,n4 ,c42 ,tig] ,riv] & ,sp>tanburgh1 ,s4 ,c42 ,sonora1 ,cal4 7,! s(t black slate1 (t5 mi/ak5 = ,graphite1 leaves a coaly trace on pap] n a %9+ /reak47 #ce4--;,,gray ,,copp] ,,ore4 ,occurs 9 cry/alliz$ or granul> masses2 metallic lu/re2 color betwe5 /eel-gray & iron-black2 brittle2 ! p[d] dissolv$ 9 nitric acid makes a br[ni% gre5 solution2 melts at a r$ heat2 gravity #e4 ,,value4--,an ore ( copp]1 7conta9+ ?irty-?ree p] c5t47 & silv]1 ( :i* ,nevada specim5s h sixte5 p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd ) gold1 silv] & lead4 ,kellogg ,m9es1 ,ark42 ,m>iposa & ,%a/a ,c\nties1 ,cal42 ,%eba & ,de ,soto ,m9es1 & ne> ,au/91 ,nev42 ,he9tzelman & ,santa ,rita ,m9es1 ,arizona4 #cf4--;,,gypsum4 ,occurs 9 plates1 fibres co>se & f9e1 & massive2 pe>ly or gli/5+2 p[d] :ite1 :i* if heat$ & mix$ ) wat]1 turns h>d2 does n dissolve 9 sulphuric acid2 may be scrat*$ by ! nail2 gravity #b4c4 ,,value4--,us$ = /ucco1 manure1 glaz+1 /atu>y1 manufacture ( glass1 etc4 ,a v>iety1 call$ ,sat9 ,sp>1 work$ into necklace beads & o!r ornam5ts1 is f9ely fibr\s & compact1 tak+ a poli% 7?\gh easily scrat*$17 & !n resembles pe>l or opal4 ,,localities4--,f\nd ) m>l or clay1 lime/one & salt4 ,camillus1 ,manlius1 ,/>k & ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y42 on ! ,/4 ,m>y's & ,patux5t1 ,md42 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty & ,lyn*burg1 ,va42 ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c42 ,pol&1 ,ottawa & ,canfield1 ,o42 ,davidson & ,summ] ,c\nties1 ,t5n42 ,gr& ,rapids & ,sag5aw ,bay1 ,mi*42 ,des ,mo9es ,riv]1 ,i[a2 ,walk] ,lake & ,six ,mile ,caon1 ,nev42 ,=t ,dodge4 #cg4--;,,horn ,,silv]4 ,occurs 9 cry/als1 wax-l masses1 or 9 cru/s2 :5 scrat*$ %[s a %9+ /reak2 becomes br[n on exposure2 q s(t1 easily cut2 a small piece plac$ on z9c & moi/5$1 swells up1 turns black & %[s metallic silv] on be+ press$ ) a knife2 dissolves 9 h>t%orn2 gravity #e4e4 ,,value4--,an ore ( silv]1 yield+ sev5ty p] c5t4 ,,localities4-,f\nd 9 slate ) o!r silv] ores4 ,lake ,sup]ior ,m9+ ,region2 ,au/9 & ,com/ock ,lode1 ,nev42 ,will[ ,spr+s & ,san ,francisco di/ricts1 ,eldorado ,caon1 ,ariz42 ,poorman ,m9e1 ,idaho4 #ch4--;,,iron ,,pyrites4 ,occurs 9 masses & squ>e cry/als2 spl5d5t lu/re2 color1 bronze-yell[2 brittle2 /rikes fire ) /eel2 heat$ x gives (f sulphur fumes2 p[d] br[ni%2 gravity #e4 ,,value4--,af=ds sulphur1 copp]as & alum4 ,:5 f\nd outside ( ! coal region1 x (t5 conta9s gold & silv]4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 all k9ds ( rocks4 ,b+ham1 ,cor9na1 ,f>m+ton1 ,wat]ville1 ,brooksville1 ,p]u & ,jewett's ,isl&1 ,me42 ,%elburne1 ,unity & ,w>r51 ,n4 ,h42 ,baltimore1 ,h>t=d & ,%oreham1 ,vt42 ,hea?1 ,hubb>d/on & ,hawley1 ,mass42 ,roxbury1 ,monroe1 ,orange1 ,mil=d1 ,middlet[n1 ,/af=d1 ,col*e/]1 ,a%=d1 ,toll& & ,union1 ,conn42 ,rossie1 ,malone1 ,phillips1 ,johnsburgh1 ,canton1 ,*e/]1 ,w>wick & ,frankl91 ,putnam & ,orange ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,y42 ,*e/]1 ,knau]t[n1 ,cornwall & ,pott/[n1 ,pa42 ,gre5sboro'1 ,n4 ,c42 ,m]c] ,c\nty1 ,ky42 ,ba9bridge1 ,o42 ,gal5a at ,m>sd5's ,digg+s1 ,ill42 on ,sug> ,creek1 ,ind42 m9es ( ,colorado & ,cali=nia4 #ci4--;,,jasp]4 ,occurs 9 masses1 ei!r 9 ve9s or z r\nd$ /ones2 dull lu/re1 yet takes a high poli%2 breaks ) a curv$ surface2 n attack$ by acids2 is scrat*$ by ,rock ,cry/al2 gravity #b4e4 ,,value4--,us$ = mosaics & o!r ornam5ts :5 compact1 f9e-gra9$ & bright color4 ,,localities4--,f\nd ev]y:]e4 ,sug> ,loaf ,m\nta9 & ,ma*iasport1 ,me42 ,saugus1 ,mass42 ,ca/leton & ,col*e/]1 ,vt42 ,bloom+rove1 ,n4 ,y42 ,murphy's1 ,col42 ,r$ ,bluff1 ,mont4 #dj4--,,kaol94 ,occurs 9 b$s2 x is a f9e1 :ite clay1 pla/ic :5 wet2 :5 dry is scaly or compact2 c be crumbl$ 9 ! f+]s & feels gritty2 adh]es to ! tongue2 does n dissolve 9 acids4 ,,value4--,us$ = ! f9e/ porcela9 & = adult]at+ c&y4 ,,localities4--,f\nd g5]ally ) iron-ore & fire-clay4 ,common on ! ea/]n slope ( ! ,alleghanies2 ,bran=d1 ,vt42 ,beekman1 ,a?ol1 ,johnsburgh & ,mc,intyre1 ,n4 ,y42 ,p]? ,amboy1 ,n4 ,j42 ,read+1 ,tamaqua & ,new ,g>d51 ,p5n42 ,mt4 ,savage1 ,md42 ,ri*mond1 ,va42 ,newca/le & ,wilm+ton1 ,del42 ,edgefield1 ,s4 ,c42 ne> ,augu/a1 ,ga42 ,jacksonville1 ,ala4 #da4--,,l5ticul> ,,iron ,,ore4 ,occurs 9 b$s or masses1 consi/+ ( m9ute flatt5$ gra9s2 little lu/re2 g5]ally soils ! f+]s2 brea!d ^u has a clayey odor2 color1 br[ni%-r$1 p[d] m r$2 dissolves 9 /rong muriatic acid ) "s eff]vesc5ce2 brittle2 gravity #d4 ,,value4--,an ore ( iron yield+ ?irty-?ree p] c5t4 ,g5]ally mix$ ) o!r ores at ! furnace4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 s&/one4 ,wayne1 ,madison1 ,oneida & ,h]kim] ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,y42 ,m>ietta ,o4 #db4--,,limonite1 ,,or ,,br[n ,,hematite4 ,occurs 9 masses1 ) smoo? r\nd$ surfaces & fibr\s /ructure2 sometimes z holl[ nodules1 :i* are velvety-black inside2 its p[d] :5 rubb$ is yell[i%-br[n2 :5 /rongly heat$ turns black2 scrat*es glass feebly2 brittle2 dissolves 9 hot aqua-regia2 gravity #d4 ,,value4--,a common ore ( pig-iron1 conta9+ sixty p] c5t42 us$ also = poli%+ buttons1 etc4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 heavy b$s ) mica-slate1 qu>tz1 lime/one1 etc4 ,salisbury & ,k5t1 ,conn42 ,am5ia1 ,fi%kill1 ,dov] & ,beekman1 ,n4 ,y42 ,ri*mond & ,l5ox1 ,mass42 ,pittsfield1 ,putney1 ,b5n+ton & ,ripton1 ,vt42 ,hamburgh1 ,n4 ,j42 ,pikel& & ,:ite ,m>%1 ,p5n42 ,m>quette1 ,mi*42 ,makoquata ,riv]1 ,i[a2 ,iron ,m\nta9s1 ,/[ & ,gre5 ,c\nties1 ,mo42 ,c5t]ville1 ,ala42 ne> ,raleigh & ,smi?field1 ,n4 ,c42 on ,coal ,creek1 ,col42 & 9 coal areas g5]ally4 #dc4--,,magnetic ,,iron ,,ore4 ,occurs 9 granul> masses1 co>se or f9e2 attract$ by ! magnet1 or affect+ ! compass-ne$le2 p[d] black2 brittle2 dissolves 9 muriatic acid2 gravity #e4 ,,value4--,an important ore1 yield+ sixty-five p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite1 slate & lime/one rocks4 ,w>r51 ,essex1 ,cl9ton1 ,s>atoga1 ,h]kim]1 ,orange & ,putnam ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,y42 ,raymond & ,m>%all's ,isl&1 ,me42 ,franconia1 ,jackson1 ,w9*e/]1 ,lisbon1 ,swanzey & ,unity1 ,n4 ,h42 ,bridgewat]1 ,*itt5d51 ,m>lboro1 ,ro*e/]1 ,troy & ,be!l1 ,vt42 ,cambealon1 ,r4 ,i2 ,hawley & ,b]n>d/on1 ,mass42 ,haddam1 ,conn42 ,go%51 ,webb's ,m9e1 ,cornwall & ,:ite ,m>%1 ,p5n42 ,hamburg1 ,n4 ,j42 ,scott's ,mills & ,de] ,creek1 ,md42 ,mit*ell & ,madison ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,c42 ,sp>tanburg1 ,s4 ,c42 ,lacl$e & ,craw=d ,c\nties1 ,mo42 ,si]ra ,c\nty1 7,gold ,valley17 ,plumas1 ,tul>e1 ,m>iposa1 ,plac] & ,el ,dorado ,c\nties1 ,cal4 #dd4--,,magnetic ,,pyrites4 ,occurs massive2 brittle2 deep orange-yell[2 p[d] grayi%-black2 metallic lu/re2 t>ni%es easily2 slightly attracts ! compass-ne$le2 melts at a high heat1 giv+ (f sulphur-fumes2 gravity #d4e4 ,,value4--,af=ds sulphur1 copp]as & nickel4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite regions1 (t5 ) copp] & iron ores4 ,/af=d1 ,cor9? & ,%rewsbury1 ,vt42 ,trumbull & ,monroe1 ,conn42 ,port ,h5ry1 ,diana & ,orange ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y42 ,hurd/[n1 ,n4 ,j42 ,gap ,m9e1 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,pa42 ,duckt[n ,m9es1 ,t5n4 #de4--,,mala*ite4 ,occurs 9 incru/ations ) smoo? surface & fibr\s2 p[d] pal] gre5 ?an ! m9]al2 brittle2 by heat crackles & turns black2 eff]vesces 9 acids2 takes a f9e poli%1 %[+ b&s or r+s2 gravity #d4 ,,value4--,us$ = jewelry & inlaid "w4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 copp] & lead m9es4 ,*e%ire1 ,conn42 ,brunswick & ,s*uyl]'s ,m9es1 ,n4 ,j42 ,morgant[n1 ,cornwall1 ne> ,ni*olson's ,gap1 ,p]kiom5 & ,phnixville ,lead ,m9es1 ,pa42 ,petapsco ,m9es1 ,md42 ,davidson ,c\nty ,n4 ,c42 ,polk ,c\nty1 ,t5n42 ,left ,h& ,riv] & ,m9]al ,po9t1 ,wis42 ,falls ( ,/4 ,croix1 ,m9n42 ,jeff]son ,c\nty & ,m9e la ,motte1 ,mo42 ,calav]as ,c\nty1 ,cal42 ,big ,williams' ,=k1 ,ariz42 ,wild ,cat ,caon & ne> ,virg9ia ,city1 ,mont4 #df4--,,manganese ,,sp>4 ,occurs 9 masses2 glassy lu/re2 color fle% or rose-r$2 becomes black on exposure2 t\gh2 melt$ ) borax gives a violet-blue color2 gravity #c4e4 ,,value4--,us$ 9 glaz+ /one-w>e4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite regions1 (t5 ) iron-ore4 ,blue ,hill ,bay1 ,me42 ,cumm+ton1 ,w>wick & ,pla9field1 ,mass42 ,irasburg & ,cov5try1 ,vt42 ,w9*e/]1 & ,h9sdale1 ,n4 ,h42 ,cumb]l&1 ,r4 ,i42 ,frankl9 & ,hamburg1 ,n4 ,j4 #dg4--,,m>ble4 ,occurs co>se & f9e granul>2 frequ5tly ve9$ or mottl$2 brittle2 c be cut ) a knife2 takes a poli%2 eff]vesces ) acids2 r$uc$ to quicklime by heat2 a gray v>iety conta9s /ems & jo9ts ( worm-l fossils2 gravity #b4e4 ,,localities4--,br&on1 ,rutl&1 ,dorset1 ,%oreham1 ,pitts=d1 ,middlebury1 ,fairhav51 ,cav5di%1 ,l[ell1 ,troy & ,sudbury1 ,vt42 ,we/ ,/ockbridge1 ,egremont1 ,great ,b>r+ton1 ,lanesboro1 ,new ,a%=d1 ,%effield1 ,new ,m>lboro1 ,adams1 ,*e%ire & ,/oneham1 ,mass42 ,cl9ton1 ,essex1 ,dut*ess1 ,onondaga1 ,putnam1 ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,w>r5 & ,we/*e/]1 ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,y42 ,smi?field1 ,r4 ,i42 ,new ,hav51 ,mil=d1 ,conn42 ne> ,philadelphia1 ,n4 ,j42 ,texas & ,hag]/[n1 ,md42 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,pa42 ,jeff]son & ,g5evieve ,c\nties1 ,mo42 ,knox & ,sevi] ,c\nties1 ,t5n42 ,joliet1 ,ill42 ,*]okee & ,macon ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,c42 ,m>quette1 ,mi*42 ne> ,deep ,riv] & on ! ,mi*igamig & ,m5om9ee ,riv]s1 ,wis4 #dh4--,,mica4 ,occurs 9 masses1 :i* c be split into v ?91 ela/ic leaves2 pe>ly lu/re2 at a high heat becomes opaque2 gravity #c4 ,,value4--,us$ = doors ( /oves1 etc4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite regions4 ,buckfield1 ,freeport & ,ox=d1 ,me42 ,acwor?1 ,grafton & ,al/ead1 ,n4 ,h42 ,*e/]field1 ,b>re1 ,m5don1 ,s\? ,royal/on1 ,brimfield1 ,go%5 & ,russell1 ,mass42 ,monroe1 ,haddam & ,middlet[n1 ,conn42 ,w>wick1 ,ed5ville1 ,edw>ds1 ,monroe & ,gre5field1 ,n4 ,y42 ,p5nsbury1 ,?ornbury1 ,unionville1 ,middlet[n & ,*e/nut ,hill1 ,pa42 ,jones' ,falls1 ,md4 #di4--,,micace\s ,,iron ,,ore4 ,resembles ,specul> ,iron ,ore1 b consi/s ( ?9 %9+ scales or leaves2 p[d] d>k r$2 a ?9 flake is transluc5t1 %[+ r$ light2 feels some:at slipp]y4 ,,value4--,us$ z an ore ( iron & = poli%+4 ,,localities4--,hawley1 ,mass42 ,pi]mont1 ,n4 ,h42 ,ticond]oga1 ,n4 ,y42 ,w>wick1 ,p5n42 ,l\don ,c\nty1 ,va4 #ej4--,,nitre4 ,occurs 9 ?9 cru/s1 delicate ne$les1 or dissem9at$ ?r\gh ! loose e>? 9 caves2 glossy lu/re2 brittle2 cool1 sal9e ta/e2 crackles & burns brightly on live coals2 a little h>d] ?an ,gypsum4 ,,value4--,us$ 9 ! manufacture ( gunp[d]1 fulm9at+ p[d]s1 nitric acid1 etc4 ,,localities4--,m>ion ,c\nty1 ,ky42 ,:ite ,c\nty1 ,t5n42 ne> ,rosicl>e1 ,ill42 ,silv] ,peak1 ,nev4 #ea4--,,oxyd ,,( ,,manganese4 ,occurs 9 masses & little columns1 (t5 ) small r\nd$ surfaces2 "o ore is s(t en\gh to be impress$ by ! nail1 & soils2 ! o!r w scrat* glass fa9tly2 heat$ ) borax1 makes a violet glass2 dissolves 9 hot muriatic acid1 giv+ =? a yell[i%-gre5 gas2 gravity #d to #e4 ,,value4--,us$ = blea*+ & = obta9+ oxyg54 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite regions1 (t5 ) iron-ore4 ,br&on1 ,b5n+ton1 ,monkton1 ,irasburg & ,*itt5d51 ,vt42 ,hillsdale1 ,we/morel& & ,we/*e/]1 ,n4 ,h42 ,pla9field1 ,we/ ,/ockbridge & ,conway1 ,mass42 ,salisbury & ,k5t1 ,conn42 ,montgom]y ,c\nty1 ,md42 ,lake ,sup]ior ,m9+ ,region2 ,dubuque1 ,i[a2 ,deep ,digg+s1 ,mo42 ,r$ ,isl&1 ,cal42 ,m>t9sburg1 ,n4 ,y4 #eb4--,,plat9um4 ,occurs 9 gra9s or lumps2 metallic1 silv]y lu/re2 c be hamm]$ out2 heavi] & h>d] ?an silv]2 n dissolv$ 9 nitric acid2 gravity #ag4 ,,value4--,ne>ly equal to ,gold4 ,us$ = mak+ *emical & philosophical app>atus1 = coat+ copp]1 brass1 etc4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 riv]-gravel ) ,gold4 ,ru!r=d ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,c42 ,klama? region1 ,cape ,blanco1 on ,salmon ,riv]1 ,s\? ,=k ( ,tr9ity1 ,butte1 ,honcut1 ,caon & ,wood's ,creeks1 & on ,middle ,=k ( ,am]ican ,riv]1 ,cal42 at ,gold ,flat1 ,nev4 #ec4--,,r$ ,,copp] ,,ore4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 co*9eal-r$2 p[d] br[ni%-r$2 ne>ly opaque2 brittle2 dissolves 9 nitric acid2 heat$ on *>coal yields a globule ( copp]2 gravity #f4 ,,value4--,af=ds copp]1 7sixty p] c5t417 & blue vitriol4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 trap regions ) o!r copp] ores4 ,s*uyl]'s1 ,som]ville1 ,new ,brunswick & ,flem+ton ,m9es1 ,n4 ,j42 ,cornwall1 ,pa42 ,lad5ton1 ,n4 ,y42 ,lake ,sup]ior ,region4 ,n abundant4 #ed--,,r$ ,,hematite4 ,occurs 9 compact masses1 ) r\nd$ surfaces or kidney-%ap$2 fibr\s /ructure2 color br[ni%-r$ to iron-black2 b p[d] inv>iably r$2 :5 black1 ! lu/re is some:at metallic1 o!rwise dull2 brittle2 scrat*es glass ) difficulty2 dissolves sl[ly 9 /rong muriatic acid2 gravity #d4e to #e4 ,,value4--,an ore ( iron1 yield+ f ?irty-six to fifty p] c5t4 ,9 p[d]1 us$ z pigm5t & = poli%+ metals4 ,,localities4--,f\nd usually 9 b$s ) granite or lime/one4 ,aroo/ook ,c\nty & ,hodgdon1 ,me42 ,antw]p1 ,ticond]oga1 ,cr[n ,po9t & ,g\v]neur1 ,n4 ,y42 ,v]non1 ,n4 ,j42 ,we/ ,:itel&1 ,pa42 ,*a?am & ,orange ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,c42 ,m>quette1 ,mi*2 ,%a/a ,c\nty1 ,cal4 ,?is m9]al graduates into a s(t1 e>?y v>iety1 call$ r$ o*re1 & into a compact1 slaty v>iety1 call$ r$ *alk1 :i* has a clayey odor :5 brea!d on4 #ee4--,,r$ ,,silv] ,,ore4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 metallic lu/re2 brittle2 p[d] co*9eal-r$2 easily cut2 at a high heat yields a silv] globule2 ! p[d] heat$ ) pota% turns black2 gravity #f4 ,,value4--,an ore ( silv] yield+ sixty p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd at gold & silv] m9es4 ,wa%oe & ,au/91 ,nev42 ,poorman ,lode1 ,idaho4 #ef4--,,r5ssela]ite4 ,occurs 9 masses2 wax-l2 a trifle h>d] ?an m>ble2 :5 fre% c be scrat*$ by ! nail2 soapy feel2 takes a poli%2 cleavable2 gravity #b4h4 ,,value4--,us$ z a m>ble & work$ into ink/&s1 etc4 ,,localities4--,f\nd ) /eatite1 s]p5t9e1 lime/one1 etc4 ,antw]p1 ,canton1 ,f[l]1 ,de ,kalb1 ,edw>ds1 ,russell & ,g\v]neur1 ,n4 ,y4 #eg4--,,rock ,,cry/al4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 transp>5t2 glassy lu/re2 colorless2 t\gh2 brittle2 n act$ ^u by acids or heat2 electric by friction2 gravity #b4e4 ,,value4--,cut = ornam5ts1 l5ses1 etc4 ,,localities4--,common 9 s&/one1 lime/one & iron ore4 ,p>is1 ,me42 ,b5ton & ,b>tlett1 ,n4 ,h42 ,%>on & ,wood/ock1 ,vt42 ,pelham & ,*e/]field1 ,mass42 ,ell5ville1 ,little ,falls1 ,wat]vliet1 ,fairfield1 ,middleville1 ,f[l]1 ,antw]p1 ,rossie1 ,lake ,george & ,palat9e1 ,n4 ,y42 ,m9nesota ,m9e1 ,lake ,sup]ior2 ,oua*ita ,spr+1 ,ark4 #eh4--,,rock ,,salt4 ,occurs 9 irregul> b$s or masses2 brittle2 sal9e ta/e2 crackles 9 ! fire4 ,,localities4--,f\nd ) gypsum1 clay & s&/one4 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,va42 ,petit ,anse1 ,la42 ,silv] ,peak1 ,nev42 ,salmon ,riv] ,m\nta9s1 ,oregon4 #ei4--,,rutile4 ,occurs 9 cry/als g5]ally2 metallic lu/re2 p[d] pale br[n2 brittle2 un*ang$ by heat or acids2 if p[d]$ & fus$ ) pota%1 !n dissolv$ 9 muriatic acid1 ! solution boil$ ) t9foil assumes a beautiful violet color2 gravity #d4 ,,value4--,us$ = color+ porcela9 & artificial tee?4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite &1 lime/one rocks4 ,w>r51 ,me42 ,m]rimack1 & ,w>r51 ,n4 ,h42 ,bri/ol1 ,putney & ,wat]bury1 ,vt42 ,w9dsor1 ,%elburne1 ,b>re1 ,conway & ,leyd51 ,mass42 ,monroe1 ,conn42 ,w>wick1 ,ed5ville1 ,amity & ,k+sbridge1 ,n4 ,y42 ,sudsbury1 ,we/ ,brad=d1 ,p>ksburg1 ,concord & ,newl91 ,pa42 ,newton1 ,n4 ,j42 ,cr[d]'s & ,clubb ,m\nta9s1 ,n4 ,c42 ,hab]%am & ,l9coln ,c\nties1 ,ga42 ,magnet ,cave1 ,ark4 #fj4--,,s]p5t9e4 ,occurs 9 masses2 feeble1 res9\s lu/re2 color oily gre52 p[d] :iti%2 (t5 yell[i% gray on ! outside2 c be cut easily2 takes a f9e poli%2 becomes r$di% by heat2 gravity #b4e--same z ,m>ble4 ,,value4--,work$ into mantels1 jambs1 table-tops1 & _m o!r ornam5ts4 ,,localities4--,f\nd z a rock 9 l>ge masses4 ,de] ,isle1 ,me42 ,baltimore1 ,cav5di%1 ,jay & ,troy1 ,vt42 ,newbury1 ,blan=d1 ,middlefield & ,we/field1 ,mass42 ,newport1 ,r4 ,i42 ne> ,new ,hav5 & ,mil=d1 ,conn42 ,port ,h5ry1 ,antw]p1 ,syracuse1 ,w>wick1 ,phillip/[n1 ,canton1 ,g\v]neur1 ,johnsburg1 ,dav5port's ,neck1 ,new ,ro*elle & ,rye1 ,n4 ,y42 ,frank=d1 ,hobok5 & ,montville1 ,n4 ,j42 ,texas1 ,pa42 ,coopt[n1 ,md42 ,patt]son1 ,n4 ,c42 ,calav]as ,c\nty1 ,cal42 ,ald] ,gul*1 ,mont4 ,m>ble ve9$ ) s]p5t9e is call$ v]d-antique4 #fa4--,,silicate ,,( ,,copp]4 ,occurs 9 incru/ations & masses2 color blui%-gre52 n fibr\s2 surface smoo?2 easily cut2 does n eff]vesce 9 acid2 black5s by heat2 gravity #b4 ,,value4--,an ore ( copp]1 yield+ ?irty p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd ) o!r copp] ores4 ,som]ville & ,s*uyl]'s1 ,n4 ,j42 ,morgant[n & ,cornwall1 ,pa42 ,wolcottville1 ,conn42 ,big ,williams' ,=k1 ,ariz4 #fb4--,,silv]4 ,occurs 9 masses1 or /r+s & ?reads p5etrat+ rocks & native copp] & gal5a2 metallic lu/re2 t>ni%es grayi% black2 c be cut 9 slices & hamm]$ out2 dissolv$ 9 muriatic acid1 x turns black on exposure2 gravity #aj4 ,,localities4--,*iefly f\nd ) copp] ne> trap-rocks1 & 9 f9e gra9$ gal5a & d>k br[n bl5de4 ,gold conta9s f "o to fifte5 p] c5t4 ,bridgewat]1 ,n4 ,j42 ,davidson & ,/anley ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,c42 ,lake ,sup]ior ,region2 ,poorman's ,lode1 ,idaho2 ,com/ock ,lode & ,montezuma ,l$ge1 ,nev42 ,alp9e ,c\nty & ,m>is ,ve91 ,cal42 ,cle> ,creek ,c\nty1 ,col4 #fc4--,,silv] ,,glance4 ,occurs 9 small lumps1 plates & ?reads2 color d>k gray2 cuts l lead2 melts 9 a c&le giv+ (f sulphur fumes2 gravity #g4 ,,value4--,! mo/ important ore ( silv]1 conta9+ eighty-sev5 p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,may be f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e1 except 9 ! coal regions2 associat$ ) o!r ores1 qu>tz1 lime/one1 b>yta1 etc4 ,mo/ abundant :]e m9]al ve9s cross "o ano!r4 ,com/ock ,lode1 ,gold ,hill1 ,reese ,riv]1 ,cortez ,di/rict & ,silv]-,spr\t ,ve91 ,nev42 ,cle> ,creek ,c\nty1 ,nev4 #fd4--,,smalt9e4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 metallic lu/re2 color t9-:ite to /eel-gray2 p[d] d>k gray2 brittle2 gives (f g>lic odor 9 a c&le2 melt$ ) borax makes a deep blue glass2 gravity #f4e to #g4 ,,value4--,an ore ( cobalt & ars5ic1 conta9+ eighte5 to sev5ty p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 ve9s 9 granite regions ) o!r ores1 ,m9e la ,motte1 ,mo42 ,*a?am1 ,conn4 #fe4--,,smi?sonite4 ,occurs 9 masses1 (t5 r\nd$1 cov]$ ) m9ute cry/als1 or honeycomb$2 color :ite1 dirty yell[ or /one color2 glassy lu/re2 brittle2 eff]vesces 9 nitric acid2 b>ely scrat*es glass2 b>ely transluc5t2 gravity #d4d4 ,,value4--,yields fifty p] c5t4 ( z9c4 ,,localities4--,f\nd g5]ally 9 lime/one ) gal5a & bl5de4 ,fri$5ville1 ,lanca/] & ,p]kiom51 ,pa42 ,l9d5 & ,m9]al ,po9ts1 ,wis42 ,lawr5ce1 ,c\nty1 ,ark42 ,ew+'s ,digg+s1 ,m9n4 #ff4--,,spa?ic ,,iron4 ,occurs 9 cry/als or plates some:at curv+2 also 79 coal regions7 9 nodules ) conc5tric lay]s l an onion2 brittle2 color v>ies f :ite to yell[i%-br[n or d>k-br[n2 /rongly heat$ x black5s & w !n attract ! compass ne$le2 ! p[d] eff]vesces 9 nitric acid2 melt$ ) borax makes a gre5 or yell[ glass2 gravity #c4h4 ,,value4--,yields ?irty p] c5t4 ( iron1 well adapt$ = /eel4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite & coal-=mations1 (t5 ) o!r ores4 ,plym\?1 ,vt42 ,/]l+1 ,mass42 ,roxbury1 ,conn42 ,antw]p1 ,h]man & ,rossie1 ,n4 ,y42 ,f5tress & ,h>lem ,m9es1 ,n4 ,c42 ,coal ,regions ( ,we/]n ,pa41 ,virg9ia1 ,ea/]n ,ohio1 etc4 #fg4--,,specul> ,,iron ,,ore4 ,occurs cry/alliz$ & 9 l>ge masses1 high metallic lu/re2 color /eel-gray or iron-black2 brittle2 opaque except :5 v ?92 ! p[d] :5 v f9e & rubb$ on :ite pap] %[s r$2 ! p[d] dissolves sl[ly 9 muriatic acid2 by a /rong heat yields a black mass :i* attracts ! ne$le2 gravity #e4 ,,value4--,yields f fifty to sev5ty p] c5t4 ( iron4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite regions4 ,m>quette1 ,mi*42 ,pilot ,knob & ,iron ,m\nta9s1 ,mo42 ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y42 ,b>tlett1 ,lisbon & ,franconia1 ,n4 ,h42 ,*itt5d5 & ,wea!rsfield1 ,vt42 ,sauk ,c\nty1 ,wis4 #fh4--,,sp9el ,,ruby4 ,occurs 9 pyramidal cry/als2 glassy lu/re2 p[d] :ite2 scrat*es rock-cry/al2 by heat becomes black2 gravity #c4e4 ,,value4--,a gem2 cle> specim5s weigh+ ov] f\r c>ats1 are valu$ at half ! price ( ! diamond4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granul> lime/one & clay4 ,amity & ,g\v]neur1 ,n4 ,y42 ,frankl9 & ,byram1 ,n4 ,j42 ,bolton & ,boxbor\gh1 ,mass4 #fi4--,,/eatite4 ,occurs 9 masses1 consi/+ ( m9ute pe>ly scales or gra9s2 c be m>k$ by ! nail2 h>d5s by heat2 soapy feel2 gravity #b4e4 ,,value4--,us$ = fire-/ones1 tubes1 9 manufacture ( porcela91 etc4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 b$s ) lime/one1 s]p5t9e & slate4 ,orr's ,isl&1 ,me42 ,france/[n1 ,ke5e1 ,or=d & ,pelham1 ,n4 ,h42 ,a!ns1 ,cav5di%1 ,m>lboro1 ,moreton1 ,new ,fane1 ,bradboro1 ,troy1 ,wat]ville1 ,we/field1 ,wea!rsfield & ,w9dham1 ,vt42 ,middlefield1 ,l5ox & ,we/field1 ,mass42 ,manayunk & ,*e/nut ,hill1 ,pa42 ,albem>le & ,l\don ,c\nties1 ,va42 ,/at5 ,isl& & ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y42 ,b>e ,hills1 ,md4 #gj4--,,/rontianite4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & 9 fibr\s or granul> masses2 glassy lu/re2 brittle2 ?9 pieces melt be=e a bl[-pipe t++ ! flame r$2 eff]vesces ) acids2 gravity #c4f4 ,,value4--,a s\rce ( nitrate ( /rontia us$ 9 fire-works4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 lime/one4 ,s*oh>ie1 ,muscalonge ,lake1 ,*aumont ,bay & ,!resa1 ,n4 ,y4 #ga4--,,sulphur4 ,occurs 9 cry/als1 masses & cru/s2 brittle2 c be easily cut2 burns ) a blue flame & sulphur odor2 gravity #b4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 lime/one & gypsum1 & ar\nd geys]s & sulphur spr+s4 ,spr+port1 ,n4 ,y42 on ! ,potomac1 tw5ty-five miles above ,wa%+ton2 ,put-9-,bay ,isl&1 ,lake ,erie2 ,cle> ,lake1 ,cal42 ,santa ,b>b>a ,c\nty1 ,col42 ,humboldt ,c\nty1 ,nev4 #gb4--,,t9 ,,ore4 ,occurs 9 cry/als1 gra9s & masses2 high lu/re2 p[d] gray or br[ni%2 brittle2 w /rike fire ) /eel2 unalt]$ by heat or acids2 gravity #g1--;be+ ne>ly z heavy z lead-ore4 ,,value4--,! only ore ( t91 conta9+ sev5ty-n9e p] c5t4 ,no gold-m9e ev] paid su* pr(its z ! t9 m9es ( ,cornwall4 ,,localities4--,jackson1 ,n4 ,h42 ,temescal1 ,cal42 ,boonville1 ,idaho2 ne> ,fr$]ickt[n1 ,mo4 #gc4--,,topaz4 ,occurs 9 cry/als2 glassy lu/re2 brittle2 scrat*es rock-cry/al2 n act$ ^u by ord9>y heat or acids2 gravity #c4e4 ,,value4--,a gem2 ! mo/ e/eem$ are ! rose-r$ & :ite4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite4 ,trumbull1 ,willimantic & ,middlet[n1 ,conn42 ,cr[d]'s ,m\nta91 ,n4 ,c42 ,?omas's ,m\nta9s1 ,utah4 #gd4--,,t\rmal9e4 ,occurs 9 cry/als1 usually 9 long1 sl5d] ?ree-sid$ prisms :i* break easily1 glassy lu/re2 brittle2 becomes milk-:ite by heat2 scrat*es rock-cry/al & g>net2 gravity #c4 ,,value4--,us$ = jewelry4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite rocks4 ,p>is1 ,albany & ,hebron1 ,me42 ,*e/]field & ,go%51 ,mass42 ,newl9 & ,m>ple1 ,pa4 #ge4--,,v>iegat$ ,,copp] ,,ore4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 metallic lu/re2 quickly t>ni%es2 color betwe5 copp]-r$ & light-br[n2 p[d] pale grayi%-black2 dissolves 9 nitric acid2 at a high heat melts to a copp] globule2 heat$ on *>coal gives (f fumes ( sulphur2 gravity #e4 ,,value4--,an important ore ( copp] yield+ sixty p] c5t4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 granite1 free/one1 etc41 ) o!r ores4 ,bri/ol & ,*e%ire1 ,conn42 ,mahoop5y1 ,pa42 ,copp] ,m9es ( ,n4 ,j4 #gf4--,,wad4 ,occurs 9 masses2 e>?y & loose2 c be brok5 by ! f+]s1 & soils2 no lu/re2 melt$ ) borax makes a violet glass2 feels v light4 ,,value4--,us$ 9 blea*+ & = mak+ smalt4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 l[ places1 g5]ally 9 ! vic9ity ( slate or iron ore b$s4 ,w>r51 ,vt42 ,blue ,hill1 ,hodgdon & ,?oma/on1 ,me42 ,columbia & ,du*ess ,c\nties1 ,au/]litz1 ,canaan ,c5tre & ,m>t9sburg1 ,n4 ,y42 ,ea/ ,brad=d & ,:ite ,m>%1 ,pa42 ,m9e la ,motte1 ,mo4 #gg4--,,willemite4 ,occurs 9 cry/als & masses2 feeble lu/re2 brittle2 c h>dly be cut ) a knife2 sometimes scrat*es glass2 makes a jelly 9 muriatic acid2 gravity #d4 ,,value4--,conta9s sev5ty p] c5t4 ( z9c4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 lime/one ) z9cite4 ,frankl9 & ,/]l+1 ,n4 ,j4 #gh4--,,z9cite4 ,occurs 9 foliat$ masses or gra9s1 p[d] orange-yell[2 brittle2 dissolves 9 acids )\t eff]vesc5ce2 gravity #e4e4 ,,value4--,yields sev5ty-five p] c5t4 ( z9c4 ,,localities4--,f\nd 9 lime/one ) ,frankl9ite1 ,g>net1 etc4 ,/]l+ ,hill & ,m9e ,hill1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illu/ration3 decorative image ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,prospect+ ,,= ,,diamonds1 ,,gold1 ,,silv]1 ,,copp]1 ,,lead ,,& ,,iron4 ,,m9]al ,,ri*es1 ,,h[ ,,discov]$--,,indications--,,se>*+ ,,= ,,diamonds1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,di/+ui% ,,!m--,,pay+ ,,localities ,,( ,,gold--8,,fool',s ,,gold0--,,prospect+ ,,= ,,silv] ,,& ,,copp]--,,:]e ,,to ,,look ,,= ,,lead ,,& ,,iron4 ,! m9]al ri*es ( a c\ntry are frequ5tly discov]$ by att5tively obs]v+ ! fragm5ts br\ght d[n by ! action ( wat] f ! hills into ! valleys2 & on trac+ ^! to _! sev]al s\rces1 ! ve9s f :i* !y 7 orig9ally deta*$1 are 9 _m in/ances f\nd4 ,wat] also acts 9 ano!r way a v important "p 9 ! discov]y ( m9]al ve9s1 z by closely exam9+ ! faces ( ! diff]5t gullies & rav9es1 :i* int]sect a c\ntry1 a ready means is af=d$ ( asc]ta9+ :e!r its /rata are trav]s$ by metallif]\s deposits2 &1 !re=e1 9 explor+ ) a view to its m9]al productions1 no opportunity %\ld be lo/ ( obs]v+ ! v>i\s sections ?us naturally laid b>e4 ,:5 fragm5ts ( an ore are f\nd on a hill-side1 x is v evid5t t ! ve9 mu/ lie high] up4 ,if ! ve9 is horizontal & ! fragm5ts are f\nd on ! top ( ! hill1 !re is no probability ( f9d+ mu* if any ( ! ve91 = g5]ally x has be5 wa%$ away4 ,ore-ve9s1 h[ev]1 are almo/ always ne>ly v]tical2 s t bor+ is ( little use1 z x might pass by ! ri*e/ ve91 or1 /rik+ x l5g?wise1 give a too favorable result4 ,z heavy m9]als d n drift f>1 metals are always f\nd ne> _! s\rce4 ,horizontal b$s c be work$ at ! lea/ co/4 ,pockets & nodules1 or any deta*$ masses ( m9]als1 are soon exhau/$4 ,ve9s1 lodes & b$s are mo/ valuable4 ,bor+ a ?ree-in* hole1 :i* co/s ab\t #a a foot1 is a good me?od ( te/+ a m9]al ve9 or b$ :i* lies m or less horizontally4 ,a %aft may be sunk 9 s&/one = f #f to #c p] cubic y>d2 9 slate & gravel1 at f #b to #a4 ,! exi/5ce ( m9]al spr+s1 & ! rapid melt+ ( ! sn[ 9 any locality1 are no indications ( ores4 ,,se>*+ ,,= ,,diamonds4--,few ?+s are s unpromis+ & unattractive z gems 9 _! native /ate4 ,h5ce _! sl[ discov]y4 ,!re is little d\bt t diamonds exi/ 9 _m places z yet unkn[n1 or :]e _! pres5ce is unsuspect$4 ,x is v difficult = ! unpractic$ eye to di/+ui% !m f cry/als ( qu>tz or topaz4 ,! color con/itutes ! ma9 difficulty 9 detect+ _! pres5ce4 ,!y are ( v>i\s %ades ( yell[i% br[n1 gre51 blue & rose-r$1 & ?us closely resemble ! common gravel by :i* !y are surr\nd$4 ,(t5 !y are n unlike a lump ( gum arabic1 nei!r brilliant nor transp>5t4 ,! f9e/1 h[ev]1 are colorless1 & appe> l rock-cry/als4 ,9 ,brazil1 :]e great numb]s ( diamonds1 *iefly ( small size1 h be5 discov]$1 ! me?od ( se>*+ = !m is to wa% ! s& ( c]ta9 riv]s 9 a mann] precisely simil> to t employ$ 9 ! gold fields1 namely1 by prospect+ pans4 ,a %ovelful ( e>? is ?r[n into ! pan1 :i* is !n imm]s$ 9 wat]1 & g5tly mov$ ab\t4 ,z ! wa%+ goes on1 ! pebbles1 dirt & s& are remov$1 & ! pan !n conta9s ab\t a p9t ( ?9 mud4 ,great caution is n[ obs]v$1 & ultimately !re rema9s only a small quantity ( s&4 ,! diamonds & p>ticles ( gold1 if pres5t1 s9k to ! bottom1 be+ heavi]1 & are select$ & remov$ by ! practic$ f+]s ( ! op]ator4 ,b h[ %all ! gems be detect$ by "o :o has _h no exp]i5ce1 & :o 9 a jewel]'s %op c\ld n sep>ate !m f qu>tz or ,fr5* pa/e8 ,! difficulty c only be ov]come by te/+ su* /ones z may be suspect$ to be preci\s4 ,let ^! be tri$ by ! v sure op]ation ( attempt+ to cut ) _! %>p corn]s glass1 cry/al or qu>tz4 ,:5 too m9ute to be held betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb1 ! specim5s may be press$ into ! end ( a /ick ( h>d wood & run along ! surface ( w9d[ glass4 ,a diamond w make its m>k1 & cause1 too1 a ready fracture 9 ! l9e ov] :i* x has travel$4 ,x w also easily scrat* rock-cry/al1 z no o!r cry/al w4 ,b a m c]ta9 & peculi> *>act]i/ic ( ! diamond lies 9 ! =m ( its cry/als4 ,! ruby & topaz w scrat* qu>tz1 b no m9]al :i* w scrat* qu>tz has ! curv$ edges ( ! diamond4 ,9 small cry/als ?is peculi>ity c be se5 only by means ( a magnify+ glass2 b x is inv>iably pres5t4 ,int]rupt$1 convex or r\nd$ angles1 are sure indications ( g5u95ess4 ,qu>tz cry/al is surr\nd$ by six faces2 ! diamond by f\r4 ,! diamond breaks ) difficulty2 & h5ce a te/ sometimes us$ is to place ! specim5 betwe5 two h>d bodies1 z a c\ple ( co9s1 & =ce !m toge!r ) ! h&s4 ,su* a pressure w cru% a p>ticle ( qu>tz1 b ! diamond w only ind5t ! metal4 ,! value ( ! diamond is e/imat$ by ! c>at1 :i* is equal to ab\t f\r gra9s1 & ! value increases rapidly ) its weight4 ,if a small1 r\gh diamond weigh f\r gra9s1 its value is ab\t #aj2 if eight gra9s1 #dj2 if sixte5 gra9s1 #fdj4 ,a cut diamond ( "o c>at is wor? f #ej to #ajj4 ,! imp]fections ( ! diamond1 &1 9 fact1 ( all cut gems1 are made visible by putt+ !m into oil ( cassia1 :5 ! slighte/ flaw w be se54 ,a diamond weigh+ t5 c>ats is 8pr9cely20 b n "o 9 t5 ?\s& weighs s mu*4 ,if a r\gh diamond resemble a drop ( cle> spr+ wat]1 9 ! middle ( :i* y p]ceive a /rong light2 or if x has a r\gh coat1 s t y c h>dly see ?r\gh x1 b :ite1 & z if made r\gh by art1 yet cle> ( flaws or ve9s2 or1 if ! coat be smoo? & bright1 ) a t9cture ( gre5 9 x1--x is a good /one4 ,if x has a milky ca/1 or a yell[i%-gre5 coat1 bew>e ( x4 ,r\gh diamonds ) a gre5i% cru/ are ! mo/ limpid :5 cut4 ,diamonds are f\nd 9 loose pebbly e>?1 along ) gold1 a little way bel[ ! surface1 t[>ds ! l[] outlet ( broad valleys1 r ?an ^u ! ridges ( ! adjo9+ hills4 ,,se>*+ ,,= ,,gold4--,! pay+ localities ( gold deposits are ! slopes ( ! ,rocky & ,alleghany ,m\nta9s4 ,gold ne$ n be look$ = 9 ! an?racite & bitum9\s coal-fields nor 9 lime/one rock4 ,x is seldom f\nd 9 ! b$s ( riv]s4 ,! ?+ itself is ! sure/ indication ( its exi/5ce4 ,if soil or s& is 8wa%$0 z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,v41 & ! p>ticles ( gold are n heavy en\gh to rema9 at ! bottom b float away1 ! b$ w n pay4 ,along /reams r high up among ! m\nta9s1 & 9 ! gravelly drift cov]+ ! slopes ( ! valley bel[1 are ! be/ prospects4 ,:]e ! /ream meets an ob/acle 9 its pa? or makes a b5d or has deep holes1 !re we may look = 8pockets0 ( gold4 ,black or r$ s&s are usually ri*e/4 ,gold-be>+ rock is a slate or granite ab\nd+ 9 ru/y look+ qu>tz ve9s1 ! latt] conta9+ iron pyrites or cavities4 ,almo/ all iron pyrites & silv] ores1 may be work$ = gold4 ,:5 ! qu>tz ve9s are ?9 & num]\s r ?an massive1 & lie ne> ! surface1 !y are consid]$ mo/ pr(itable4 ,few ve9s c be work$ ) pr(it v f> d[n4 ,z traces ( gold may be f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e1 no "o %\ld indulge 9 speculation be=e calculat+ ! p]c5tage & ! co/ ( extraction4 ,gold-hunt+1 aft] all1 is a lott]y ) m blanks ?an prizes4 ,! sub/ances mo/ frequ5tly mi/ak5 = gold are iron pyrites1 copp] pyrites & mica4 ,! preci\s metal is easily di/+ui%$ f ^! by its malleability 7flatt5+ "u ! hamm]7 & its great weight1 s9k+ rapidly 9 wat]4 ,,se>*+ ,,= ,,silv]4--,?is metal is usually f\nd ) lead ore & native copp]4 ,slates & s&/ones int]sect$ by igne\s rocks z trap & porphyry1 are good localities4 ,pure silv] is (t5 f\nd 9 or ne> iron ores & ! d>k br[n z9c bl5de4 ,! ,colorado silv] lodes are por\s at ! surface & color$ m or less r$ or gre54 ,any rock suspect$ ( conta9+ silv] %\ld be p[d]$ & dissolv$ 9 nitric acid4 ,p\r (f ! liquid & add to x a solution ( salt4 ,if a :ite p[d] falls to ! bottom :i* ^u exposure turns black1 !re is silv] 9 x4 ,silv] m9es increase 9 value z 9 dep?1 :]eas gold dim9i%es z we desc5d4 ,,se>*+ ,,= ,,copp]4--,! copp] ores1 aft] exposure1 or aft] be+ dipp$ 9 v9eg>1 are almo/ inv>iably gre5 on ! surface4 ,!y are mo/ abundant ne> trap dykes4 ,! pyrites is g5]ally f\nd 9 lead m9es1 & 9 granite & clay-slate4 ,copp] v r>ely occurs 9 ! new =mations1 z along ! ,atlantic & ,gulf bord]s1 & 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley s\? ( ,cairo4 ,,se>*+ ,,= ,,lead4--,lead is seldom discov]$ 9 ! surface soil4 ,x is also 9 va9 to look = x 9 ! coal region & along ! coa/4 ,x mu/ be s\ght 9 /eep hills1 9 lime/one & slate rocks4 ,a surface cut by frequ5t rav9es or cov]$ by vegetation 9 l9es1 indicates m9]al crevices4 ,! gal5a f ! slate is said to conta9 m silv] ?an t f ! lime/one4 ,! pure/ specim5s ( gal5a are poore/ 9 silv]2 ! small ve9s are ri*e/ 9 ! m preci\s metal4 ,a lead ve9 is ?icke/ 9 lime/one1 ?9n] 9 s&/one & ?9ne/ 9 slate4 ,,se>*+ ,,= ,,iron4--,any heavy m9]al ( a black1 br[n1 r$ or yell[ color may be suspect$ to be iron4 ,to prove x1 dissolve "s 9 oil ( vitriol & p\r 9 an infusion ( nut-gall or oak-b>k2 if x turns black1 iron is pres5t4 ,if a ton ( ri* magnetic ore co/s m ?an #d at ! furnace1 good hematite m ?an #c1 & poor ores m ?an #a4ej or #b1 !y are too exp5sive to pay1 unless iron is unusually high4 ,deep m9+ = iron is n pr(itable4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a b$ ( good iron ore1 a foot ?ick1 w repay ! co/ ( /ripp+ x ( soil1 etc41 twelve feet ?ick4 ,r$ & yell[ e>?s1 call$ o*res1 conta9 iron4 ,magnetic ore is easily f\nd by a compass4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,assay ,,( ,,ores4 ,,:5 ,,an ,,ore ,,w ,,pay--,,wa%+ ,,= ,,gold ,,& ,,plat9um--,,h[ ,,to ,,assay ,,gold ,,9 ,,! ,,simple/ ,,way--,,to ,,te/ ,,any ,,rock ,,= ,,gold ,,& ,,silv]--,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,purity ,,( ,,gold--,,to ,,detect ,,& ,,assay ,,silv] ,,ores--,,assay ,,( ,,copp]1 ,,iron1 ,,z9c1 ,,t9 ,,& ,,lead ,,ores--,,ready ,,me?od ,,( ,,te/+ ,,graphite4 ,"o ( ! fir/ que/ions ask$ aft] ! discov]y ( a metallic ore1 is--8w x pay80 ,we propose to /ate 9 pla9 words a me?od ( det]m9+ ! "* & value ( ! pr9cipal ores1 s t any intellig5t man1 h[ev] unsci5tific1 may answ] 8 own "q4 ,! *emical analysis or exact assay+ ( ores is too complicat$1 & mu/ be left to pr(essional assay]s4 8,w x pay80 is an important qu]y2 = _m ores ( ev5 preci\s metals1 are n 8pay+40 ,:e!r an ore is pr(itable dep5ds n s mu* ^u ! relative value ( ! metal z ^u ! ease ( sep>at+ x f ! rock or 8gangue0 z x is call$4 ,?us ! m9imum p]c5tage ( metal1 bel[ :i* ! work+ ( ! ore ceases to be pr(itable is-- ,( ,iron1 #be p] c5t4 ,z9c1 #bj 8 ,lead1 #bj 8 ,antimony1 #bj 8 ,copp]1 #jb 8 ,t91 #ja 8 ,quicksilv]1 #ja 8 ,silv]1 #a_/bjjj 8 ,plat9um1 #a_/ajjjj 8 ,gold1 #a_/ajjjjj 8 ,t is1 an ore ( iron :i* conta9s less ?an #be p] c5t4 ( metal w n pay = work+2 = ! r$uction ( iron 9 comp>ison ) copp] ore is v difficult4 ,gold is v easily extract$1 & h5ce "s qu>tz rocks :i* d n app>5tly conta9 a p>ticle ( gold1 pay well1 a bu%el ( rock (t5 yield+ half an ounce4 ,iron occurs 9 l>ge masses or b$s2 b ! o!r metals are scatt]$ 9 fragm5ts ?r\gh s& or soil1 or exi/ 9 ve9s runn+ ?r\gh rocks4 ,,wa%+ ,,= ,,gold ,,& ,,plat9um4--,?is op]ation1 call$ 8pann+10 is ! olde/ & simple/ me?od ( extract+ ! preci\s metals4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 x furni%es to ,russia ne>ly all ! gold produc$ 9 t empire4 ,x is bas$ on ! pr9ciple t sub/ances ( diff]5t weights may be sep>at$ by means ( wat]1--! heavie/ go+ to ! bottom fir/4 ,to exam9e ! bank or b$ ( a riv]1 suspect$ to conta9 gold1 fill a milk-pan ) ! s&s & c>ry x to a tub or pool ( quiet wat]4 ,dip x "u1 /irr+ ! mass ) "o h& or a /ick4 ,!n p\r (f ! muddy wat]1 fill ) fre% wat] /irr+ aga91 & aga9 p\r (f ! light s&1 clay1 etc4 ,scales ( gold w s9k fa/2 mica flakes w take _! "t4 ,repeat ?is process till all ! f9e p>ticles are wa%$ (f2 !n all[ j en\gh wat] to ent] ! pan z w cov] ! s&4 ,by %ak+ ! pan & gradually l[]+ ! side by :i* x is held1 ! light s& w fl[ (f1 leav+ 9 ! corn] a heap ( co>se s&4 ,put 9 a small quantity ( wat] & turn ! pan ar\nd s z to create a g5tle curr5t1 :5 ! preci\s metal1 if !re be any1 c be easily detect$1--! gold by its bright lu/re1 ! plat9um by its lead color1 & bo? by _! malleability4 ,p>ticles ( gold are ( uni=m color & are ei!r flat or r\nd$2 :ile o!r yell[ gra9s are angul>4 ,hold+ ! pan 9 ! sun%9e1 secure any glitt]+ glassy cry/als1 & te/ !m = diamonds or rock-cry/als4 ,a magnet w remove any p>ticles ( magnetic iron-ore4 ,,assay ,,( ,,gold ,,ore4--,gold may be f\nd 9 qu>tz rock1 9 iron & copp] pyrites1 & 9 silv] ores4 ,to asc]ta9 if any gold is pres5t 9 qu>tz1 r$uce ! rock to p[d] & sift x4 ,a c]ta9 quantity1 say half a peck1 is !n wa%$ z above describ$1 till a manageable quantity ( s& is left4 ,if !re is any %[ ( gold1 dry ! mass & put x 9 a b[l or glass di%1 & add an ounce ( quicksilv]1 /irr+ ! mixture well ) a wood5 rod4 ,! quicksilv]1 :i* w unite ) e p>ticle ( gold :i* may be !re1 is !n p\r$ (f into a s(t lea!r 7*amois7 bag4 ,?is is squeez$ to remove sup]flu\s quicksilv]1 & a pa/y amalgam is left1 :i* is put into an iron vessel & heat$ r$ hot4 ,! yell[ p[d] rema9+ is mix$ ) saltpetre & melt$1 :5 a button ( pure gold w be f\nd 9 ! crucible4 ,qu>tz ores %\ld yield #f to ! ton 9 ord] to pay4 ,to te/ pyrites = gold1 r$uce a giv5 quantity to p[d] & wa% z be=e2 !n roa/ ! residue at a r$ heat4 ,^u cool+1 add quicksilv] & treat z j describ$4 ,pyrites %\ld yield #a ( gold to ! bu%el ( ore to be pr(itable4 ,native silv] (t5 conta9s gold4 ,to sep>ate !m1 c>efully flatt5 ! alloy ) a smoo? hamm] on an anvil1 & !n boil x 9 /rong nitric acid 9 a glass flask = ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,c>efully p\r (f ! acid into a vial1 & wa% ! p[d] 9 ! flask 7:i* is f9e gold7 ) wat] & dry4 ,to ! liquid 9 ! vial add a solution ( common salt4 ,! :ite p[d] :i* falls %\ld be remov$1 wa%$ ) wat]1 & fus$ ) p[d]$ *alk or iron fil+s2 a button ( pure silv] is ! result4 ,any sub/ance suppos$ to be or to conta9 gold may be te/$ by dissolv+ x p[d]$ 9 aqua regia & !n p\r+ 9 a solution ( copp]as2 if !re is gold1 ! r$di%-br[n precipitate1 by rubb+1 assumes a bright metallic lu/re4 ,to tell :e!r a globule ( silv] has any gold 9 x1 put x on a :ite porcela9 di% & moi/5 x ) a drop ( nitric acid3 if x is pure silv]1 x w dissolve & reta9 its :ite color2 if mix$ ) gold1 x w soon turn gray or black4 ,to te/ ! purity ( gold1 rub "s ( x (f on a h>d black fl9t slate1 & apply to ! m>k a drop ( aqua =tis4 ,if ! gold is pure1 ! yell[ /reak rema9s un*ang$1 b if alloy$ x p>tly disappe>s2 if x is only an imitation ( gold1 x vani%es altoge!r4 ,a ready me?od ( f9d+ ! am\nt ( gold 9 a qu>tz rock ) consid]able accuracy1 is by tak+ ! specific gravity ( ! rock 7well clean$7 z giv5 on page #ac4 ,if ! gravity is n ov] #b4g1 x conta9s little or no gold4 ,if x is #c1 x v likely is gold-be>+1 al?\gh pyrites may be pres5t4 ,b if x is ov] #e1 x is und\bt$ly aurif]\s1 & if #ab1 x is v ri* 9 gold4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ t ! s& ( any riv] is wor? work+ = ! gold x conta9s1 provid$ x w yield tw5ty-f\r gra9s to ! hundr$ weight4 ,,assay ,,( ,,silv] ,,ore4--,pure silv] is easily recogniz$4 ,b lead & copp] ores (t5 conta9 a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! preci\s metal4 ,to detect silv] 9 lead ore1 dissolve ! p[d]$ ore 9 /rong nitric acid2 p\r (f ! liquid & ins]t a piece ( pure copp]4 ,if silv] is pres5t1 x w g to ! bottom4 ,or1 add to ! liquid a solution ( common salt1 & x w in/antly become cl\dy or :ite4 ,if lead ore yields ?ree ounces ( silv] to a ton1 x may be work$ = ! silv] z well z ! lead4 ,9 ,colorado1 ! av]age value ( silv]-be>+ gal5a is #ajj p] ton4 ,to te/ ! copp] ores = silv]1 dissolve !m 9 nitric acid2 !n add a few drops ( muriatic acid1 & if silv] is pres5t1 a :ite curdy precipitate w fall to ! bottom4 ,native copp]1 :5 poli%$1 (t5 %[s :ite spots ( silv]4 ,to e/imate ! proportion ( silv] 9 lead ore1 r$uce a kn[n quantity ( ! cle> ore to p[d]1 mix ) a little dry soda & a few nails1 & heat 9 a r\nd-bottom$ iron pot or crucible4 ,! lead :i* is obta9$ %\ld !n be put 9 a cup hav+ a%es at ! bottom1 & /rongly heat$ 9 an op5 furnace4 ,a globule ( silv] w be left1 if any is pres5t1 & be+ weigh$1 ! p]c5tage c be f\nd4 ,ri* silv] ores may be r$uc$ by mix+ !m ) t5 p>ts ( common salt1 & expos+ ! mass = h\rs 9 an op5 furnace1 /irr+ x frequ5tly4 ,:5 cold r$uce to p[d] & mix ) an equal quantity ( quicksilv] & en\gh wat] to make a pa/e1 & agitate ! mixture = two days1 :5 ! amalgam w fall to ! bottom4 ,! amalgam is !n squeez$ 9 a lea!r bag & wa%$4 ,silv] glance w yield its metal by heat+ x be=e a bl[-pipe4 ,,assay ,,( ,,copp] ,,ore4--,:5 ! ore is native copp] & rock1 z at ,lake ,sup]ior1 x %\ld be p\nd$ & ! e>?y matt] wa%$ away4 ,!n mix ) a little pota% or soda & br+ to a high heat 9 a crucible4 ,o!r copp] ores may be te/$ by dissolv+ !m p[d]$ 9 dilute aqua regia4 ,! pres5ce ( silv] w be %[n by a :ite p[d] on ! bottom4 ,!n add consid]able ammonia4 ,if !re is any copp] a blue liquor w be produc$4 ,/ra9 ?is ?r\gh tissue pap]1 & evaporate to dryness4 ,dissolve ! residue 9 muriatic acid1 & by putt+ 9 a piece ( iron or z9c1 ! copp] w fall d[n4 ,or1 add to ?is solution pure pota%2 dry & weigh ! p[d] ?r[n d[n2 e #e p>ts ( x conta9s #d p>ts ( copp]4 ,gray copp] & r$ copp] ores may be assay$ by heat+ ) *>coal1 7bo? p[d]$17 9 a furnace4 ,mala*ite & azurite %\ld be smelt$ ) borax2 ,copp] pyrites & silicate ( copp] ) soda or p[d]$ m>ble4 ,a ton ( copp] ore :i* conta9s t5 p] c5t4 ( metal1 pays #be at ! furnace4 ,! ore ( copp] :5 roa/$1 turns black2 & :5 ?r[n into nitric acid makes a sky-blue solution4 ,a clean knife-blade put into ?is solution w be coat$ ) copp]4 ,,assay ,,( ,,iron ,,ore4--,take a kn[n quantity ( ! ore 9 f9e p[d] & mix ?or\ghly ) dry borax 7or ) "o "p ( fluor sp>1 "o ( *>coal & f\r ( salt17 & expose x = an h\r 9 a cov]$ crucible l9$ ) *>coal to a :ite heat 9 a w9d-furnace = an h\r4 ,a button ( iron w be f\nd at ! bottom1 :i* det]m9es ! p]c5tage4 ,,assay ,,( ,,z9c ,,ore4--,if ! weigh$ ore is roa/$ ) p[d]$ *>coal1 :ite fl[]s ( z9c w be =m$ on a piece ( cold iron held ov] x4 ,aft] ?or\gh roa/+1 ! residue %\ld be weigh$2 ! loss is ! oxide ( z9c1 & e #ajj p>ts ( ?is conta9 #ha ( metal4 ,all ! ores ( z9c w dissolve 9 ei!r nitric or hot sulphuric acid4 ,,assay ,,( ,,t9 ,,ore4--,t9-/one w yield up its metal if mix$ ) *>coal1 borax & soda1 & heat$ on ! he>? ( a furnace or be=e a bl[-pipe4 ,! pres5ce ( t9 may be te/$ by dissolv+ ! metal ?us roa/$ out1 9 aqua regia & add+ a decoction ( ,brazil-wood3 if ! metal 0 t91 ! liquid w be color$ a beautiful crimson4 ,,assay ,,( ,,lead ,,ore4--,bo? gal5a & c]ussite are ri* ores1 & :5 abundant pay well4 ,!y are easily r$uc$ by heat1 ! =m] be+ usually mix$ ) *>coal & iron fil+s4 ,if a we/]n backwoodsman wants %ot or bullets1 he k9dles a fire 9 a holl[ tree or an old /ump1 puts "s gal5a on ! *>r$ wood1 & melts x d[n4 ,aft] cool+1 he f9ds ! metal at ! bottom4 ,! smelt+ ( a ton ( lead co/s ab\t #f4 ,! av]age price p] ton ( gal5a is #cj4 ,:5 gal5a is dissolv$ 9 w>m nitric acid1 a clean plate ( z9c plac$ 9 x w be coat$ ) brilliant blades ( lead2 if ! gal5a conta9s silv]1 a plate ( copp] w be s]v$ 9 ! same way4 ,a solution ( *romate ( pota% p\r$ into a solution ( lead ore 9 nitric acid w ?r[ d[n a yell[ p[d]4 ,,to ,,te/ ,,! ,,purity ,,( ,,graphite4--,its value dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( its c>bon4 ,pulv]ize & !n dry at a heat ( ab\t #cej degrees1 tw5ty gra9s ( x2 !n place x 9 a tube ( h>d glass f\r or five in*es long1 half an in* wide & clos$ at "o end4 ,add tw5ty times z mu* well dri$ oxide ( lead & well mix4 ,weigh ! tube & cont5ts1 & aft]w>ds heat be=e a bl[-pipe till ! cont5ts are completely fus$ & no long] evolve gases4 ,t5 m9utes w suffice = ?is4 ,all[ ! tube to cool & weigh x4 ,! loss 9 weight is c>bonic acid4 ,= e tw5ty-eight p>ts ( loss !re mu/ h be5 twelve ( c>bon4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,m9]al ,,spr+s4 ,,:at ,,are ,,m9]al ,,spr+s--,,g5]al ,,location--,,gas ,,spr+s--,,iron ,,spr+s--,,sulphur ,,spr+s--,,alum ,,spr+s--,,epsom ,,spr+s--,,salt ,,spr+s--,,w>m ,,spr+s--,,artesian ,,wells ,,& ,,oil ,,wells1 ,,& ,,:]e ,,to ,,bore ,,= ,,!m4 ,any spr+ :i* conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( =eign matt]1 z gas1 salts & e>?y +r$i5ts1 is call$ m9]al wat]4 ,! special prom95ce ( any +r$i5t gives x its p>ticul> "n4 ,_m iron spr+s conta9 salt1 salt spr+s conta9 iron1 & bo? may conta9 gas2 ! "n is d]iv$ f ! mo/ prom95t +r$i5t4 ,our c\ntry is ri* 9 m9]al spr+s2 !re is n a ,/ate )\t "o4 ,b 9 g5]al !y are mo/ num]\s 9 hilly or m\nta9\s regions1 especially :]e ! rocks are mu* d]ang$ 9 position1 or 8fault$10 z ! m9]s say4 ,z = example1 9 ,ea/]n ,new ,york & 9 ! valley betwe5 ! ,blue ,ridge & ! ,alleghany f ,h>p]'s ,f]ry to ! ,natural ,bridge4 ,! ,pacific ,/ates1 also1 are z rem>kable = ! numb] & v>iety ( _! m9]al spr+s z = _! metallic ores4 ,,c>bonat$ ,,or ,,gas ,,spr+s4--,spr+s ( ?is class h a peculi> sp>kl+ "* & are cont9ually s5d+ up bubbles ( gas4 ,:5 ! quantity ( gas is small1 x may be detect$ by add+ a little lime wat] :i* w give x a milky appe>ance & deposit a :ite s$im5t2 or1 dip 9 a piece ( blue litmus pap] 7:i* c be _h ( mo/ druggi/s71 & if !re is any c>bonic acid gas 9 ! wat]1 x w be r$d5$2 or1 p\r 9 a little v9eg>1 /ir well1 & !n add a little f9ely p[d]$ sug>1 :5 ! gas1 if x is !re1 w rise 9 small bubbles4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ c>bonat$ spr+s are ! foll[+3 ,s>atoga & ,ball/on1 ,n4 ,y42 ,cl>5don1 ,vt42 ,sweet ,spr+s 9 ,%ov]'s ,valley1 ,pa42 ,bladon & ,bailey ,spr+s1 ,ala42 8,boil+ ,spr+s0 ne> ,pike's ,peak1 ,col42 ,be] ,spr+s ne> ,be> ,riv]1 ,or4 ,^! spr+s conta9 salt1 soda1 magnesia1 lime & iron1 & are sometimes class$ z sal9e1 soda or *alybeate spr+s4 ,,*alybeate ,,or ,,iron ,,spr+s4--,! pres5ce ( iron 9 a spr+ may be asc]ta9$ by p\r+ into x an infusion ( nut-galls1 ( logwood or ( tan-b>k1 :i* w *ange x imm$iately to a black or d>k color4 ,if ! wat] conta9s mu* iron1 x may be recogniz$ by its inky ta/e & by a yell[i% p[d] on ! bord] ( ! spr+ or at ! bottom ( a tumbl] :5 all[$ to /& a:ile4 ,if wat]s h a cool b e>?y ta/e1 !y conta9 lime2 if bitt]1 !y h magnesia4 ,! 8soda spr+s10 s call$1 are (t5 only sal9e1 c>bonat$ or magnesia wat]s4 ,! mo/ fam\s iron spr+s are at ,s>atoga1 ,s&lake & ,catskill1 ,n4 ,y42 ,we/ ,be!l1 ,fryeburg1 ,eb]ne & ,be!l1 ,me42 ,s*ooley's ,m\nta9 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,n4 ,j42 ,b$=d1 ,pittsburg1 ,frank=t & ,york1 ,pa42 ,br&yw9e ,spr+s1 ,del42 ,r$ ,sweet ,spr+s 9 ,monroe ,c\nty1 ,rawley's ,spr+ 9 ,rock+ham ,c\nty1 & ,hugu5ot ,spr+s 9 ,p[hattan ,c\nty1 ,va42 9 ,ba? ,c\nty1 ,ky42 ,yell[ ,spr+s1 ,o42 tw5ty miles ea/ ( ,knoxville1 ,t5n42 ,madison ,c\nty1 ,geo42 ,raymond & ,lyn*burg1 ,miss42 ne> ,ogd5 ,city1 ,utah2 ne> ,mt4 ,%a/a1 ,col4 ,,sulphur ,,spr+s4--,^! are easily recogniz$ by _! unpleasant odor1 resembl+ t ( rott5 eggs4 ,! wat] black5s silv] & a solution ( sug> ( lead4 ,sulphur spr+s are v num]\s4 ,! be/ kn[n are at ,s>atoga1 ,%>on1 ,clifton1 ,avon1 ,manlius1 ,*itt5ango1 ,dryd5 & ,ri*field1 ,n4 ,y42 ,highgate & ,newburg1 ,vt42 ,togus1 ,be!l & ,we/ ,newfield1 ,me42 ,%ov]'s ,valley1 ,c>lisle & ,d\bl+ ,gap1 ,pa42 ,w9*e/] & ,w>r5ton1 ,va42 ,gre5bri] & ,monroe ,c\nties1 ,w4 ,va42 ,ba? ,c\nty1 ,ky42 ,:ite's ,creek ne> ,na%ville & 9 ,grang] ,c\nty1 ,t5n42 ,sp>tanburg1 ,s4 ,c42 ,butts ,c\nty1 ,geo42 ,tallahatta1 ,ala42 ,tampa1 ,fla42 ne> ,bitt] ,creek & ,great ,salt ,lake1 ,utah2 along ! ,yell[/one ,riv]1 ,mont42 ,jackson1 ,cal4 ,,acid ,,or ,,alum ,,spr+s4--,^! wat]s h a m or less s\r ta/e & r$d5 blue litmus-pap]4 ,!y are f\nd at ,byron & ,oak ,or*>d1 ,n4 ,y42 ,blossburg1 ,pa42 ,ba?1 ,ri*mond & ,rockbridge1 ,va4 ,,magnesian ,,or ,,epsom ,,spr+s4--,^! h a bitt] ta/e4 ,to te/ any wat] = magnesia1 add to a glass ( x a solution ( phosphate ( soda & "s h>t%orn2 if magnesia is pres5t1 ! liquid fir/ becomes turbid1 & f9ally m9ute cry/als fall to ! bottom4 ,!re are ,epsom spr+s at ,h>rodsburg & ,p]ryville1 ,ky42 ,we/port1 ,o42 ,raymond1 ,miss42 ,orange ,c\nty1 ,ind42 ,scott ,c\nty1 ,w4 ,va4 ,,sal9e ,,or ,,salt ,,spr+s4--,^! conta9 a l>ge p]c5tage ( common salt1 & are recogniz$ by _! ta/e4 ,!y g5]ally conta9 _m +r$i5ts1 7g5]ally sev5 or eight17 b ! salt pr$om9ates4 ,a well %\ld conta9 at lea/ t5 p] c5t4 ( salt to pay = work+4 ,! ,syracuse spr+ yields a bu%el ( salt to e ?irty-?ree gallons2 :ile ! ,great ,salt ,lake conta9s #bb p] c5t4 ,among ! mo/ important salt wells are ^? at ,syracuse1 ,sal9a & ,liv]pool1 ,n4 ,y42 ,lubec1 ,me42 ,%annondale1 ,va42 ,ba? ,c\nty1 ,ky42 ,a!ns ,c\nty1 ,o42 ,h>t=d1 ,ind42 ,sag9aw1 ,mi*42 ,oneida1 ,idaho4 ,,!rmal ,,or ,,w>m ,,spr+s4--,any spr+ is s call$1 ! temp]ature ( :i* ?r\gh\t ! ye> is above t ( ! soil ar\nd x4 ,!y g5]ally occur ne> ! l9e ( junction betwe5 ! granite or igne\s rocks & ! /ratifi$ rock 7slate or lime/one7 re/+ ^u its flanks4 ,! temp]ature ( su* wat]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ranges f #gc to #bjj degrees1 ! latt] be+ rea*$ by ! ,geys]s ( ,montana4 ,_m iron & sulphur spr+s are also !rmal4 ,! mo/ not$ w>m spr+s are at ,lebanon1 ,n4 ,y42 9 ,ba?1 ,b]kley1 ,monroe & ,scott ,c\nties1 ,va42 ,buncombe ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,c42 ,fr5* ,brood ,riv]1 ,t5n42 ,m]iwe!r ,c\nty1 ,geo42 ,wa%itaw1 ,ark42 ,salt ,lake ,valley1 ,utah2 ne> ,pyramid ,lake1 ,nev42 along ! ,malheur & ,fall ,riv]s1 ,or42 ,l9coln ,valley1 ,idaho2 on ,g>d9]'s ,riv]1 9 ,madison ,c\nty1 & especially 9 ! ,yell[/one ,bas91 ,mont4 ,,artesian ,,wells4--,to s9k a fl[+ well ) any reasonable prospect ( success1 x is ess5tial t ! spot select$ %\ld be l[] ?an l& 9 ! vic9ity1 al?\gh ^? high] elevations may be sev]al miles away4 ,! lay]s ( ! rocks1 also1 %\ld dip t[>ds ! spot r ?an away f x4 ,! be/ indication1 b n a c]ta9 "o1 is a great bas9-%ap$ valley1 to ! c5tre ( :i* ! rocks dip on "o or m sides4 ,s&y1 lime & slate rocks are m propiti\s ?an granite4 ,,oil ,,wells4--,:]e !re are m>ks ( di/urbance & misplacem5t ( ! rocks1 !re ! exp]i5c$ s9k wells4 ,rugg$ hills & %>ply-def9$ valleys are1 g5]ally1 signs ( su* dislocation4 ,! l9e or 8break0 f :i* ! rocks dip l ! ro( ( a h\se is consid]$ mo/ favorable4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z an 8oil rock10 = ! oil is f\nd at diff]5t dep?s1 & ! fissure conta9+ x is m or less v]tical4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania1 ! greate/ fl[+ wells h be5 f\nd 9 ! ?ird s& rock4 ,no lime/one has af=d$ any l>ge supply ( oil4 ,coal 9 no l>ge quantities is ev] f\nd ^u or 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! oil t]ritory4 ,! 8%[ ( oil0 increases 9 value z a sign1 ) ! dep? at :i* x is f\nd4 ,especially is ! f9d+ ( a l>ge am\nt ( imprison$ gas1 ?\gh no oil may be pres5t1 reg>d$ z a good indication t oil is ne>4 ,9 ! bitum9\s coal region1 a gas spr+ indicates ! probable exi/5ce ( oil 9 ! rocks bel[4 ,b g5]ally1 8surface %[s0 are s$uctive4 ,! great oil belt runs s\?-we/]ly f ,oil ,creek1 ,pa41 to ,burn+ ,spr+s1 ,we/ ,va4 ,b ,ohio1 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,georgia1 ,alabama1 ,miss\ri1 ,texas1 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1 ,mi*igan & ,s\!rn ,cali=nia are also ri* 9 petroleum4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,artificial ,,jewelry--,,h[ ,,made ,,& ,,h[ ,,detect$4 ,,mock ,,diamonds--8,,p>is ,,brilliants0--,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pa/es--,,false ,,ruby1 ,,topaz1 ,,sapphire1 ,,em]ald ,,& ,,c>nelian--,,h[ ,,to ,,di/+ui% ,,true ,,& ,,false ,,gems--,,imitation ,,pe>l ,,& ,,coral--,,artificial ,,gold--,,li/ ,,( ,,preci\s ,,/ones4 8,bri/ol ,/ones10 8,iri% ,diamonds10 8,cape ,may ,diamonds10 & 8,cali=nia ,diamonds10 are skillfully-cut qu>tz cry/als4 ,!y are easily detect$ by ! file & by _! lightness4 8,p>is ,brilliants0 are m dang]\s c\nt]feits1 & are v (t5 sold = g5u9e4 ,! great e/abli%m5t ( ,bo>guiguon1 9 ,p>is1 is ! mo/ fam\s manufactory ( artificial gems 9 ! _w1 employ+ ab\t "o hundr$ h&s4 ,! gems are su* p]fect imitations t !y c be di/+ui%$ f real /ones only by ! close/ scrut9y ( ^? exp]i5c$ 9 su* matt]s4 ,!y fail *iefly 9 h>dness2 9 brilliancy & gravity !y ne>ly or q equal ! g5u9e4 ,nature has made ! mo/ preci\s /ones ) ! mo/ common mat]ials4 ,! diamond is purifi$ *>coal2 :ile ! matt] ( clay & :ite pebbles is ! base ( all o!r gems4 ,! *emi/ has imitat$ nature 9 ! production ( color$ gems4 ,! base ( ^! imitations1 call$ 8pa/es10 is 8/rass0--a :ite glass comp\nd ( #cjj p>ts ( pure s&1 #if ( pota%1 #bg ( borax1 #ead ( :ite lead1 & "o ( ars5ic4 ,! mixture is put into a crucible & kept at a high heat = #bd h\rs4 ,?is is ! philosoph]'s /one :i* competes ) ,golconda4 ,! uncolor$ glass is us$ 9 mak+ mock diamonds & :ite topaz4 ,ano!r pa/e :i* has v great brilliancy1 &1 un=tunately1 ! same gravity z ! diamond1 is made by melt+ #ajj p>ts ( pure s&1 #aej ( r$ lead1 #cj ( calc9$ pota%1 #aj ( calc9$ borax & "o ( ars5ic1 keep+ ! mixture melt$ = two or ?ree days & !n cool+ v sl[ly4 ,ea* +r$i5t is sep>ately r$uc$ to a f9e p[d]4 ,,false ,,ruby is made by fus+ toge!r ( /rass "o ounce & six drams1 glass ( antimony #cg gra9s1 & purple ( cassius "o gra92 !n add eight p>ts m ( /rass & fuse = ?irty h\rs2 cool & remelt pieces 9 a bl[-pipe4 ,or1 melt five ounces ( /rass & "o dram ( manganese4 ,,false ,,topaz c be made f #ajjh gra9s ( /rass1 #dc gra9s ( glass ( antimony & "o gra9 ( purple ( cassius4 ,,false ,,sapphire4--,add to eight ounces ( /rass #eb gra9s ( pure oxide ( cobalt4 ,,false ,,em]ald4--,to "o p\nd ( /rass add "o dram ( v]digris & fifte5 gra9s ( crocus m>tis4 ,or1 take #bcjd gra9s ( /rass1 #ba gra9s ( gre5 oxide ( copp]1 & "o gra9 ( oxide ( *rome4 ,or1 take an ounce & a half ( rock-cry/al1 six drams ( dry soda1 two drams ( dry borax1 two drams ( r$ lead1 "o dram ( nitre1 tw5ty gra9s ( r$ oxide ( iron1 & t5 gra9s ( gre5 c>bonate ( copp]4 ,,false ,,c>nelian4--,/rass two p\nds1 glass ( antimony "o p\nd1 r\ge two ounces1 manganese "o dram4 ,,false ,,ame?y/s ,,& ,,opals are manufactur$2 b ! f9e opal defies imitation1 & ! ame?y/ is too common 9 nature to all[ mu* m>g9 = ! 8pa/es40 ,9 di/+ui%+ true & false gems1 no "o "* %\ld be dep5d$ ^u4 ,all g5u9e /ones w be> r\gh h&l+2 if ! m]*ant says 8h&s (f10 refuse to pur*ase4 ,any gem wor? buy+ is wor? te/+4 ,fir/3 try ! h>dness4 ,! file w make no impression on ! diamond & ruby1 & w ) difficulty scrat* ! o!r gems2 :ile ! 8pa/es0 are easily m>r$4 ,all ! preci\s /ones scrat* w9d[ glass1 al?\gh opal w n attack common bottle glass4 ,all imitations easily yield to s&4 ,! sapphire is ! h>de/ ( color$ gems1 & opal is ! s(te/4 ,! em]ald w h>dly scrat* rock-cry/al2 its c\nt]feit n at all4 ,topaz w scrat* ord9>y ruby1 b w n t\* sapphire4 ,secondly3 z to weight4 ,?is is ! mo/ accurate me?od1 b ! /one mu/ be tak5 f its sett+4 ,! mode ( tak+ ! gravity has already be5 giv5 7page #ac71 & ! am\nt ( ea* is /at$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,g>net is ! heavie/ ( gems2 weigh$ 9 wat] x loses only "o-f\r? ( its weight2 i4 e41 if a r$ g>net be susp5d$ by a f9e ?read f a delicate balance & imm]s$ 9 a glass ( wat] "u x1 "o-qu>t] ( its ord9>y weight 9 air mu/ be add$ to ! pan f :i* x is susp5d$ to re/ore ! equilibrium4 ,9 l mann]1 ruby & sapphire lose a little m4 ,! diamond & :ite topaz lose two-sev5?s ( _! weight4 ,rock-cry/al1 ame?y/1 c>nelian & agate lose five-?irte5?s2 & opal ab\t "o-half1 be+ ! lighte/ ( gems4 ,! em]ald loses m ?an "o-?ird4 ,z 8pa/e0 c be made s z to h ! same specific gravity z ! g5u9e article1 ?is te/ alone c n be reli$ ^u2 b v few ( ! imitations are s c>efully made4 ,! te/ is v conv5i5t 9 di/+ui%+ gems ( l color f ea* o!r1 z ori5tal ruby1 sp9el ruby & r$ t\rmal9e1 & gre5 t\rmal9e & em]ald4 ,?irdly3 *>act]i/ics dep5d+ on light & electricity4 ,x is n easy to look ?r\gh a diamond ( ! fir/ wat]1 :ile imitations readily p]mit objects to be se5 ?r\gh !m4 ,a v delicate & p]fect te/ ( a diamond1 di/+ui%+ x f all colorless gems1 z :ite topaz1 :ite sapphire & :ite zircon1 b n f 8pa/es10 is to look ?r\gh x at a p9-hole 9 a c>d4 ,?is requires "s dext]ity1 & ! gem %\ld be fix$ to a /eady object by a bit ( wax at a prop] di/ance4 ,a true diamond w %[ b "o hole1 all ! o!rs w %[ two4 ,z :ite topaz1 :5 l>ge1 is a magnific5t /one1 x is (t5 palm$ (f = a diamond ( great value2 b ?is te/ is inv>iably c]ta94 ,a true diamond reta9s its brilliancy "u wat]4 ,:5 a color$ /one is plac$ 9 ! pa? ( ! sol> spectrum 7! r[ ( sev5 colors into :i* sunlight is sep>at$ by a prism71 its color w v>y ) ! portion ( ! spectrum :i* falls ^u x2 & two /ones ( ! same color1 b ( a diff]5t nature1 w exhibit diff]5t effects4 ,?us1 a pa/e plac$ beside a f9e color$ gem1 betrays its wor?lessness4 ,a simpl] me?od ( te/+ /ones is to look at !m ?r\gh a bit ( glass1 color$ r$1 yell[1 blue or gre54 ,e /one w exhibit1 "u ?is te/1 prop]ties peculi> to itself1 & by :i* its ,illu/ration3 ,,se>*+ ,,= ,,diamonds4 nature may be recogniz$4 ,?is is also a sev]e te/ = ! purity ( t9t2 = if pure & unmix$1 ! /one w appe> completely black 9 e o!r light b its own color4 ,milky & turbid /ones c n be> ?is te/4 ,a fir/-class ruby has ! color ( ! blood z x spirts f an art]y4 ,! deep] ! hue ( ! em]ald ! m x is valu$2 x loses none ( its brilliancy by artificial light4 ,! pale rose topaz1 ! k9d mo/ e/eem$1 is artificially color$ by heat+ x4 ,if topaz or t\rmal9e be g5tly heat$1 x becomes electric & w attract a ?read or susp5d$ pi?-ball4 ,no imitation w d ?is4 ,all real gems :5 rubb$ w attract ! pi?-ball1 & reta9 ! p[] a long "t2 ! pa/es also become electric1 b soon lose _! attraction4 ,rub a glass tube ) a piece ( flannel & br+ x ne> a susp5d$ pi?-ball2 ! latt] w be /rongly attract$ & !n repell$4 ,imm$iately rub a g5u9e diamond & br+ x ne> ! ball1 & x w be attract$4 ,a pa/e diamond ?us rubb$ w\ld repel x4 ,f9ally3 ! brea? rema9s mu* long] on ! pa/es ?an on real gems4 ,! =m] also betray "u a magnify+ glass small air bubbles4 ,diamonds & o!r fir/-class /ones are always cold to ! t\*4 ,,false ,,pe>ls4--,^! are glass beads coat$ ) a mixture ( ?ree ounces ( scales ( ! blay or bleak fi%1 half an ounce ( f9e glue1 "o ounce ( :ite wax & "o ounce ( pulv]iz$ alaba/]4 ,p[d]$ opal is sometimes us$2 also ! p[d]$ pe>l ( ! oy/] & o!r %ells soak$ 9 v9eg>1 & made up ) gum tragacan?4 ,artificial pe>ls are usually brittle1 & d n weigh m ?an two-?irds z mu* z ! g5u9e4 ,,false ,,corals4--,^! are made ( res9 & v]milion2 or ( m>ble p[d] made into a pa/e ) v>ni% or soluble glass & a little is+lass1 color$ by ,*9ese v]milion1 & !n m\ld$4 ,!y are us$ = sett+ 9 *eap jewelry4 ,! knife %[s x to be too s(t to be g5u9e4 ,,artificial ,,gold4--,! foll[+ oroid or imitation gold is sometimes sold = ! g5u9e article :i* x closely resembles4 ,pure copp]1 #ajj p>ts by weight1 is melt$ 9 a crucible1 & !n #f p>ts ( magnesia1 #c4f ( sal-ammoniac1 #a4h ( quicklime & #i4 ( t>t> are add$ sep>ately & gradually 9 ! =m ( p[d]4 ,! :ole is !n /irr$ = ab\t half an h\r1 & #ag p>ts ( z9c or t9 9 small gra9s are ?r[n 9 & ?or\ghly mix$4 ,! crucible is n[ cov]$ & ! mixture kept melt$ = half an h\r long]1 :5 x is skimm$ & p\r$ out4 ,any imitation ( gold may be detect$ by its weight1 :i* is n "o-half ( :at x %\ld be1 & by its dissolv+ 9 nitric acid :ile pure gold is unt\*$4 ,,preci\s ,,/ones4 ,,arrang$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,color ,,& ,,9 ,,ord] ,,( ,,h>dness4 ,limpid4 ,diamond1 ,sapphire1 ,topaz1 ,rock-,cry/al4 ,blue4 ,sapphire1 ,topaz1 ,sp9el1 ,aquam>9e1 ,indicolite1 ,turquoise1 ,kyanite4 ,gre54 ,ori5tal ,em]ald1 ,*rysob]yl1 ,em]ald1 ,*rysoprase1 ,*rysolite1 ,amazon ,/one1 ,mala*ite4 ,yell[4 ,diamond1 ,topaz1 ,fire-,opal4 ,r$4 ,sapphire-,ruby1 ,sp9el-,ruby1 ,brazilian-,topaz1 ,hyac9?1 ,c>nelian1 ,rubellite1 ,g>net4 ,violet4 ,ori5tal ,ame?y/1 ,ame?y/4 ,black & ,br[n4 ,diamond1 ,t\rmal9e1 ,hyac9?1 ,g>net4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,gold ,,9 ,,cali=nia4#d ,x 0 on ! #ai? day ( ,janu>y1 #ahdh1 t ,james ,w4 ,m>%all1 :ile engag$ 9 digg+ a race = a saw-mill at ,coloma1 ab\t ?irty-five miles ea/w>d f ,sutt]'s ,=t1 f\nd "s pieces ( yell[ metal1 :i* he & ! half-doz5 m5 work+ ) him at ! mill suppos$ to be gold4 ,he felt confid5t t he _h made a discov]y ( great importance1 b he knew no?+ ( ei!r *emi/ry or gold-m9+1 s he c\ld n prove ! nature ( ! metal nor tell h[ to obta9 x 9 pay+ quantities4 ,e morn+ he w5t d[n to ! race to look = ! bits ( ! metal2 b ! o!r m5 at ! mill ?\ght ,m>%all 0 v wild 9 8 ideas1 & !y cont9u$ _! labors 9 build+ ! mill1 & 9 s[+ :eat & plant+ vegetables4 ,! swift curr5t ( ! mill-race wa%$ away a consid]able body ( e>?y matt]1 leav+ ! co>se p>ticles ( gold beh9d2 s ,m>%all's collection ( specim5s cont9u$ to accumulate1 & 8 associates began to ?9k !re might be some?+ 9 8 gold m9es aft] all4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,febru>y1 a ,mr4 ,b5net1 "o ( ! p>ty employ$ at ! mill1 w5t to ,san ,francisco = ! purpose ( le>n+ :e!r ?is metal 0 preci\s1 & !re he 0 introduc$ to ,isaac ,humphrey1 :o _h wa%$ = gold 9 ,georgia4 ,! exp]i5c$ m9] saw at a glance t he _h ! true /uff be=e him1 &1 aft] a few inquiries1 he 0 satisfi$ t ! digg+s mu/ be ri*4 ,he made imm$iate prep>ation to g to ! mill1 & tri$ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,saw-,,mill ,,( ,,coloma4 ,,! ,,place ,,:]e ,,gold ,,0 ,,fir/ ,,discov]$ ,,9 ,,cali=nia4 to p]suade "s ( 8 fri5ds to g ) him2 b !y ?\ght x w\ld be only a wa/e ( "t & money1 s he w5t ) ,b5net = 8 sole companion4 ,he arriv$ at ,coloma on ! #g? ( ,m>*1 & f\nd ! "w at ! mill go+ on z if no gold exi/$ 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! next day he took a pan & spade1 & wa%$ "s ( ! dirt 9 ! bottom ( ! mill-race 9 places :]e ,m>%all _h f\nd 8 specim5s1 &1 9 a few h\rs1 ,humphrey decl>$ t ^! m9es 7 f> ri*] ?an any 9 ,georgia4 ,he n[ made a rock] & w5t to "w wa%+ gold indu/ri\sly1 & e day yield$ to him an ounce or two ( metal4 ,! m5 at ! mill made rock]s = !mselves1 & all 7 soon busy 9 se>* ( ! yell[ metal4 ,ev]y?+ else 0 ab&on$2 ! rumor ( ! discov]y spread sl[ly4 ,9 ! middle ( ,m>* ,pe>son ,b4 ,read+1 ! own] ( a l>ge ran* at ! head ( ! ,sacram5to valley1 happ5$ to visit ,sutt]'s ,=t1 & he>+ ( ! m9+ at ,coloma1 he w5t ?i!r to see x4 ,he said t if simil>ity ( =mation c\ld be tak5 z a pro(1 !re mu/ be gold-m9es ne> 8 ran*2 s1 aft] obs]v+ ! me?od ( wa%+1 he po/$ (f1 & 9 a few weeks he 0 at "w on ! b>s ( ,cle> ,creek1 ne>ly two hundr$ miles nor?-we/w>d f ,coloma4 ,a few days aft] ,read+ _h left1 ,john ,bidwell1 n[ repres5tative ( ! nor!rn di/rict ( ! ,/ate 9 ! l[] ,h\se ( ,congress1 came to ,coloma1 & ! result ( 8 visit 0 t1 9 less ?an a mon?1 he _h a p>ty ( ,indians f 8 ran* wa%+ gold on ! b>s ( ,fea!r ,riv]1 tw5ty-five miles nor?-we/w>d f ,coloma4 ,?us ! m9es 7 op5$ at f> di/ant po9ts4 ,! fir/ pr9t$ notice ( ! discov]y ( gold1 0 giv5 9 ! ,cali=nia newspap] publi%$ 9 ,san ,francisco on ! #ae? ( ,m>*4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,may ! same pap]1 ann\nc+ t its publication w\ld be susp5d$1 says3--8,! :ole c\ntry1 f ,san ,francisco to ,los ,angelos1 & f ! sea-%ore to ! base ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 res\nd ) ! sordid cry ( gold6 gold6 gold6 :ile ! field is left half plant$1 ! h\se half built1 & ev]y?+ neglect$ b ! manufacture ( picks & %ovels1 & ! means ( transportation to ! spot :]e "o man obta9$ "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight doll>s' wor? ( ! real /uff 9 "o day's wa%+2 & ! av]age = all conc]n$1 is tw5ty doll>s p] diem40 ,! fir/ to comm5ce qu>tz m9+ 9 ,cali=nia 7 ,capt4 ,wm4 ,jackson & ,mr4 ,eliason1 bo? ,virg9ians1 & ! fir/ ma*9e us$ 0 a ,*ilian mill4 ,! ,reid ,m9e1 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 0 ! fir/ gold m9e discov]$ & work$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! only "o 9 ,nor? ,am]ica f :i*1 up to #ahbe1 gold 0 s5t to ! ,m9t4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,silv] ,,9 ,,nevada1 ,,& ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,gold ,,& ,,silv] ,,/ati/ics4 ,sep>at$ f ,cali=nia by ! sn[y *a9 ( ! ,si]ra1 ! ,/ate ( ,nevada has be5 celebrat$1 s9ce #ahfj1 = its silv] m9+4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahei1 ! news ( ! discov]y ( silv] m9es ne> ,lake ,wa%oe 0 confirm$ at ,san ,francisco2 & 9 ,june1 #ahfj1 ! m9es ( ,wa%oe1 ! c5tral we/]n portion ( ! ,/ate1 _h already s5t su* ri* results to ,europe1 t ! ,fr5* ,m9i/]s ( ,f9ance & ,comm]ce despat*$ a m9+ eng9e] to ,nevada to make a close inspection ( ^! wond]ful m9es4 ,x seem$ z if ! _w 7 ab\t to be inundat$ ) silv]1 z x _h be5 by gold t5 ye>s previ\sly2 & :at w\ld ^? economi/s n[ say1 :o _h only rec5tly c\nsell$ t ! value ( gold co9 %\ld be l[]$ or t gold %\ld be demonetiz$ on acc\nt ( ! di/urb$ relation ( ^! preci\s metals--! bases ( ! /&>d ( paym5t ?r\gh\t ! _w g5]ally4 ,:il/ ! ,fr5* eng9e] visit$ ,nevada & prep>$ 8 report1 ! m9]s ( ,wa%oe cont9u$ work+ _! ve9s ( metal4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 #ahha1 ! m9es on ! ea/]n slope ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada annually produce ab\t #ab1ejj1jjj ( silv]1 *iefly f ! ,com/ock lode2 ! total yield ( gold f ! qu>tz m9es ( ,cali=nia is ab\t #ag1jjj1jjj p] annum4 ,! ,com/ock lode1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,nevada1 may be rank$ among ! mo/ productive metallif]\s deposits ev] enc\nt]$ 9 ! hi/ory ( m9+ ent]prise2 its productive capacity1 z n[ be+ develop$1 surpass+1 if ! mass ( its ores d n 9 ri*ness equal1 ^? ( ! mo/ fam\s m9es ( ,mexico & ,p]u4 ,! kn[n limits ( ?is lode cov] a space ( #bb1edf feet 9 a ne>ly due nor? & s\? direction 7magnetic74 ,! v>iation ( ! ne$le 9 t locality is #af degrees ea/4 ,^u ?is ext5sive seat ( metallif]\s deposits1 ! m9es are divid$ into ?ree gr\ps3 ! ,virg9ia ,gr\p1 sev5te5 m9es1 ) claims ( #ac1edi feet2 ,gold ,hill ,gr\p1 n9e m9es1 ( #f1cig feet2 ,am]ican ,flat ,gr\p1 ?ree m9es1 ( #b1fjj feet4 ,! ?ree gr\ps ( tw5ty-n9e m9es ?us occupy a total l5g? on ! lode ( #bb1edf feet4 ,! ,com/ock lode 0 discov]$ 9 #ahei1 by a pit sunk = a wat] hole on ! gr\nd ( ! ,ophir m9e2 mill+ ! ore began 9 ,octob] ( ! same ye>1 b ! am\nt ( bullion tak5 out 9 #ahfj is e/imat$ at b #ajj1jjj4 ,s9ce !n ! ,com/ock has become ! greate/ gold & silv] m9e 9 ! _w4 ,to ! end ( #ahgh ! yield 0 e/imat$ at #bia1afb1bje1 z foll[s3 ,f #ahfj to #ahgj inclusive1 ( gold & silv] toge!r1 unclassifi$1 #ajb1dff1bdj2 #ahga to #ahgh inclusive1 gold1 #hh1fia1dih1 silv]1 #ia1bgh1fbc2 #ahgg & #ahgh1 gold & silv]1 unclassifi$1 #a1gbe1hdd4 ,mak+ all[ance = ! loss by slimes & tail+s1 ! gross cont5ts ( ! lode z work$ up to #ahgh are e/imat$ at #cfc1ifa1bje4 ,ab\t #f1ejj1jjj tons ( ore h be5 extract$ 9 ?is "t1 :i* a good au?ority e/imates ( an av]age value to ! company ( #de p] ton ( #b1jjj p\nds4#e ,,annual ,,production ( ,,gold & ,,silv] 9 ! ,,unit$ ,,/ates f #ahec to #ahhj1 inclusive4 ,f ! ,reports ( ! ,director ( ! ,m9t4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,production4 ,,ye>4 ------------------------ ,,total4 ,gold4 ,silv]4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,doll>s4 ,doll>s4 ,doll>s4 #ahec #fe1jjj1jjj #fe1jjj1jjj #ahed #fj1jjj1jjj #fj1jjj1jjj #ahee #ee1jjj1jjj #ee1jjj1jjj #ahef #ee1jjj1jjj #ee1jjj1jjj #aheg #ee1jjj1jjj #ee1jjj1jjj #aheh #ej1jjj1jjj #ejj1jjj #ej1ejj1jjj #ahei #ej1jjj1jjj #ajj1jjj #ej1ajj1jjj #ahfj #df1jjj1jjj #aej1jjj #df1aej1jjj #ahfa #dc1jjj1jjj #b1jjj1jjj #de1jjj1jjj #ahfb #ci1bjj1jjj #d1ejj1jjj #dc1gjj1jjj #ahfc #dj1jjj1jjj #h1ejj1jjj #dh1ejj1jjj #ahfd #df1ajj1jjj #aa1jjj1jjj #eg1ajj1jjj #ahfe #ec1bbe1jjj #aa1bej1jjj #fd1dge1jjj #ahff #ec1ejj1jjj #aj1jjj1jjj #fc1ejj1jjj #ahfg #ea1gbe1jjj #ac1ejj1jjj #fe1bbe1jjj #ahfh #dh1jjj1jjj #ab1jjj1jjj #fj1jjj1jjj #ahfi #di1ejj1jjj #ab1jjj1jjj #fa1ejj1jjj #ahgj #ej1jjj1jjj #af1jjj1jjj #ff1jjj1jjj #ahga #dc1ejj1jjj #bc1jjj1jjj #ff1ejj1jjj #ahgb #cf1jjj1jjj #bh1gej1jjj #fd1gej1jjj #ahgc #cf1jjj1jjj #ce1gej1jjj #ga1gej1jjj #ahgd #dj1jjj1jjj #cb1jjj1jjj #gb1jjj1jjj #ahge #dj1jjj1jjj #cb1jjj1jjj #gb1jjj1jjj #ahgf #df1gej1jjj #ch1ejj1jjj #he1bej1jjj #ahgg #de1ajj1jjj #ch1iej1jjj #hd1jej1jjj #ahgh #ej1jjj1jjj #di1jjj1jjj #ii1jjj1jjj #ahgi #ch1ijj1jjj #dj1hab1jjj #gi1gab1jjj #ahhj #cf1jjj1jjj #cg1gjj1jjj #gc1gjj1jjj ---------------------------------------- --- ,! consumption ( ,gold & ,silv] 9 ! ,arts & ,manufactures f #ahgd to #ahgi1 inclusive1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 e/imat$ by ! ,director ( ! ,m9t1 9 #ahgi1 z foll[s3 ------------------------------- ,,ye>4 ,gold4 ,silv]4 ------------------------------- #ahgd #d1egh1cbh #d1djf1efj #ahge #e1chb1jih #d1bcg1hda #ahgf #d1aec1ahd #c1hab1jah #ahgg #c1fhg1aib #c1ggd1bdj #ahgh #e1jgh1gja #e1baj1aeb #ahgi #c1hii1abe #e1igg1cjj ------------------------------- ,,index4 ,,page ,acid or alum spr+s1 #aji ,agate1 #bj1 #ba localities1 #ba value1 #bj ,allegh5ies1 #ad ,alum1 #ba localities1 #ba1 #bb spr+s1 #aji value1 #ba ,am]ican ,flat gr\p1 silv] m9es1 #acf ,ame?y/1 #bb false1 h[ made1 #aag localities1 #bb value1 #bb ,an?racite1 #bb1 #bc localities1 #bc value1 #bc ,antimony ore1 #bc1 #bd localities1 #bc value1 #bc ,artesian ,wells1 #aaa1 #aab ,artificial gold1 h[ made1 #abe jewelry1 h[ made & detect$1 #aad-abe ,asbe/us1 #bd localities1 #bd value1 #bd ,asphaltum1 #bd1 #be localities1 #be value1 #be ,assay ( copp] ore1 #ajj-ajb gold ore1 #ie-ih iron ore1 #ajb lead ore1 #ajc1 #ajd ores1 #ib-ajd silv] ore1 #ii1 #ajj t9 ore1 #ajb1 #ajc z9c ore1 #ajb ,atlantic coa/1 #ad ,azurite1 #be localities1 #be smelt+1 #aja value1 #be ,b>yta1 localities1 #bf or heavy sp>1 #bf value1 #bf ,bidwell1 ,john1 #acj-acb ,bitum9\s coal1 #bg localities1 #bg region1 #ad ,bl5de1 #bg1 #bh localities1 #bh value1 #bh ,bl[pipe1 #ag ,bog iron ore1 #bi localities1 #bi value1 #bi ,bor+1 #hc ,brazil1 diamonds 91 #hd ,bri/ol /ones1 #aad ,brittle silv] ore1 #cj localities1 #cj value1 #cj ,br[n coal1 #cj localities1 #cj value1 #cj ,br[n ,hematite or ,limonite1 #ef1 #eg ,calam9e1 #ca localities1 #ca value1 #ca ,cali=nia diamonds1 #aad discov]y ( gold 91 #abg-acc ,cannel coal1 #ca1 #cb localities1 #cb value1 #cb ,cape ,may diamonds1 #aad ,c>bonat$ or gas spr+1 #ajf1 #ajg ,c>nelian1 #cb false1 h[ made1 #aag localities1 #cb value1 #cb ,cele/9e1 #cb1 #cc localities1 #cc value1 #cc ,c]ussite1 #cc & ,gal5a1 r$uction (1 #ajc localities1 #cc value1 #cc ,*alybeate or iron spr+s1 #ajg1 #ajh ,*romic iron1 #cd localities1 #cd value1 #cd ,c9ab>1 #cd1 #ce localities1 #ce value1 #ce ,cle> ,creek1 ,cal41 gold 91 #acb ,coal1 an?racite1 #bb bitum9\s1 #bg br[n1 #cj cannel1 #ca1 #cb ,cobalt pyrites1 #ce localities1 #cc value1 #ce ,coloma1 ,cal41 discov]y ( gold !re1 #abg ,colorado silv] lodes1 #hi ,colors1 di/9ction ( m9]als by1 #ab ,com/ock ,lode1 #ace-acg gold & silv] produc$ f1 #acf1 #acg ,connecticut riv] valley1 #ad ,copp]1 #cf glauce1 #cf localities1 #cf value1 #cf gray copp] ore1 assay+1 #aja localities1 #cf nickel1 #cg localities1 #cg value1 #cg ore1 assay (1 #ajj-ajb gray1 #ea r$1 #fe r$1 assay+1 #aja v>iegat$1 #gh ores1 te/ = silv]1 #ii te/+1 #ajj-ajb silv] 91 #aja p]c5tage ( 9 ores1 :i* w pay1 #aja pyrites1 #cg1 #ch1 #ij localities1 #ch smelt+1 #aja value1 #ch se>*+ =1 #ij seldom 9 new =mations1 #ij silicate (1 #gj smelt+1 #aja value1 #cf :]e f\nd1 #ad1 #ij ,corals1 false1 h[ made1 #abd ,descriptive li/ ( useful m9]als1 #bj-hj ,diamond1 #da e/imation ( ! value (1 #hf imp]fections (1 #hf localities1 #da value1 #da ,diamonds1 *>act]i/ics (1 #he1 #hf colors (1 #hc f9e/1 #hd 9 ,brazil1 #hd 9 _! native /ate1 #hc mode ( discov]+ 9 ,brazil1 #hd prospect+ =1 #hc-hg :]e f\nd1 #hg ,directions = det]m9+ specim5s by ! key1 #ae-ai ,discov]y ( silv] 9 ,nevada1 #acd-acg ,eff]vesc5ce 9 m9]als1 #ab ,eliason1 ,mr41 #acc ,em]ald1 false1 h[ made1 #aaf to te/1 #aah ,em]y1 #da1 #db localities1 #db value1 #db ,epsom spr+s1 #aji1 #aaj ,false ame?y/1 h[ made1 #aag c>nelian1 h[ made1 #aag corals1 h[ made1 #abd ,false em]ald1 h[ made1 #aaf opal1 h[ made1 #aag pe>ls1 h[ made1 #abd ruby1 h[ made1 #aaf sapphire1 h[ made1 #aaf topaz1 h[ made1 #aaf ,fea!r riv]1 ,cal41 gold 91 #acb ,fluor sp>1 #db localities1 #db value1 #db ,frankl9ite1 #dc localities1 #dc value1 #dc ,gal5a1 #dc1 #dd & ,c]ussite1 r$uction (1 #ajc localities1 #dd pure/ specim5s poore/ 9 silv]1 #ia value1 #dc ,g>net1 #dd1 #de localities1 #de ! heavie/ ( gems1 #aah to te/1 #aah value1 #de ,gas spr+s1 #ajf1 #ajg ,gems1 to te/ by weigh+ 9 wat]1 #aah true & false1 h[ to di/+ui%1 #aag-abd ,glass1 m9]als :i* w n scrat*1 #af1 #ai m9]als :i* w scrat*1 #ae1 #ah ,gold1 #df-ej & plat9um1 wa%+ =1 #id1 #ie & silv] consum$ 9 ! arts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #acg1 #ach & silv]1 production ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #acg1 #ach & silv] :]e !y ab\nd1 #ad artificial1 h[ made1 #abe be>+ rock1 #hh be>+ s&s1 #hh extraction (1 #ic ,hill gr\p1 silv] m9es1 #acf h[ di/+ui%$1 #hi imitation1 h[ to detect1 #abe 9 ,cali=nia1 discov]y (1 #abg-acc 9 ,cali=nia1 fir/ ann\ncem5t ( discov]y1 #acb 9 qu>tz rock1 to f9d ! am\nt (1 #ih localities1 #df-ej m9e fir/ work$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #acc ore1 assay (1 #ie-ih se>*+ =1 #hg-hi sub/ances mi/ak5 =1 #hi te/+ any sub/ance suppos$ to conta91 #ig to sep>ate f silv]1 #ig to te/ ! purity (1 #ih :]e f\nd1 #hg-hi ,granite regions1 #ad ,graphite1 #ej1 #ea localities1 #ej1 #ea to te/ ! purity (1 #ajd value1 #ej ,gravity1 mode ( det]m9ation (1 #ab ,gray copp] ore1 #ea localities1 #ea value1 #ea ,gypsum1 #ad1 #eb localities1 #eb value1 #eb ,heavy sp> or b>yta1 #bf ,hematite1 br[n1 #ef1 #eg ,horizontal b$s1 #hb ,horn silv]1 #ec localities1 #ec value1 #ec ,humphrey1 ,isaac1 #abh ,indications = m9]als1 #ha ,iri% ,diamond1 #aad ,iron1 *romic1 #cd h[ x occurs1 #id ore1 #ad assay (1 #ajb bog1 #bi br[n hematite1 #ef1 #eg l5ticul>1 #ef magnetic1 #eg1 #eh magnetic1 f\nd by ! compass1 #ia micace\s1 #fb r$ hematite1 #fe1 #ff specul>1 #gc1 #gd pyrites1 #ec1 #ed localities1 #ed value1 #ec1 #ed se>*+ =1 #ia spa?ic1 #gc spr+s1 #ajg1 #ajh te/+ m9]als =1 #ia ,jackson1 ,capta9 ,wm41 #acc ,jasp]1 #ed localities1 #ee value1 #ee ,jewelry1 artificial1 h[ made & detect$1 #aad-abe ,kaol91 #ee1 #ef localities1 #ee value1 #ee ,lead ore1 assay (1 #ajc1 #ajd to detect silv] 91 #ii se>*+ =1 #ij ve9s1 ?icke/1 #ia :]e f\nd1 #ij ,l5ticul> iron ore1 #ef localities1 #ef value1 #ef ,lime/one regions1 #ad ,limonite or br[n hematite1 #ef1 #eg localities1 #eg value1 #eg ,magnesian spr+s1 #aji1 #aaj ,magnetic1 #ab iron ore1 #eg1 #eh f\nd by ! compass1 #ia localities1 #eh value1 #eh pyrites1 #eh1 #ei localities1 #ei value1 #ei ,mala*ite1 #ei1 #fj1 #aja localities1 #ei1 #fj value1 #ei ,manganese1 oxyd (1 #fc1 #fd sp>1 #fj localities1 #fj value1 #fj ,m>ble1 #fj1 #fa localities1 #fa regions1 #ad ,m>%all1 ,jas4 ,w41 discov]y ( gold 9 ,cali=nia by1 #abg-aca ,metals1 f\nd ne> _! s\rce1 #hb h[ !y occur1 #id ,mica1 #fa1 #fb localities1 #fb value1 #fb ,micace\s iron ore1 #fb localities1 #fb value1 #fb ,m9]al ri*es1 h[ discov]$1 #ha spr+s1 #aje-aab location (1 #aje no indications ( ores1 #hc :at are !y1 #aje ,m9]als z a s\rce ( our nation's weal?1 #i descriptive li/ (1 #bj-hj regions :i* (f] be/ inducem5ts to se>* =1 #ad sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ri*e/ 91 #ad species 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h[ _m1 #aa specific gravity (1 #ab1 #ac useful 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aa :i* w n scrat* glass1 #af1 #ai :i* w scrat* glass #ae1 #ah ,mississippi ,valley1 #ad ,money 9 ! rocks1 #i ,nickel1 copp]1 #cg ,nitre1 #fc localities1 #fc value1 #fc ,nodules1 #hb ,o*res1 #ia ,oil wells1 #aab1 #aac ,opal1 false1 h[ made1 #aag ! s(te/ ( color$ gems1 #aah ,opaque m9]als1 #ab ,ore on a hillside1 indications (1 #hb ve9s g5]ally v]tical1 #hb :5 x w pay1 #ib ,ores1 assay (1 #ib-ajd m9imum p]c5tages ( metal 9 :i* w pay1 #ic ,oxyd ( ,manganese1 #fc1 #fd ,pacific coa/1 #ad ,pann+1 #id1 #ie ,p>is brilliants1 #aad ,pa/es1 composition (1 #aae ,pe>ls1 false1 h[ made1 #abd ,plat9um1 #fd localities1 #fd value1 #fd wa%+ =1 #id1 #ie ,pockets1 #hb ,preci\s /ones1 color & ord] ( h>dness1 #abf ,prospect+ = diamonds1 #hc-hg ,pyrites1 iron1 #ec1 #ed cobalt1 #ce copp]1 #cg1 #ch1 #ij magnetic1 #eh1 #ei te/+ = gold1 #if yield ( gold by1 #ig ,qu>tz m9+ 9 ,cali=nia1 comm5cem5t (1 #acc ores1 yield (1 #if rock1 to f9d ! am\nt ( gold 91 #ih te/+ = gold1 #ie1 #if ,quicksilv]1 use ( 9 assay+1 #if ,read+1 ,pe>son ,b41 #aca ,read m9e1 fir/ gold m9e work$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates1 #acc ,r$ copp] ore1 #fe localities1 #fe value1 #fe hematite1 #fe1 #ff localities1 #ff value1 #fe silv] ore1 #ff localities1 #ff value1 #ff ,r5nsela]ite1 #fg localities1 #fg value1 #fg ,riv] s&1 wor? work+ = gold1 #ih ,rock cry/al1 #fg localities1 #fg value1 #fg salt1 #fh localities1 #fh suspect$ ( conta9+ silv]1 treatm5t (1 #hi ,rocky m\nta9s1 #ad ,ruby1 *>act]i/ics (1 #he false1 h[ made1 #aaf sp9el1 #gd to te/1 #aah1 #abc ,russia1 gold h[ obta9$ 91 #id ,rutile1 #fh localities1 #fh value1 #fh ,sal9e or salt spr+s1 #aji1 #aaj ,salt spr+s1 #aaj ,sapphire1 false1 h[ made1 #aaf ! h>de/ ( color$ gems1 #aah to te/1 #aah ,se>*+ = copp]1 #ij diamonds1 #hc-hg gold1 #hg-hi iron1 #ia lead1 #ij silv]1 #hi1 #ij ,s]p5t9e1 #fi localities1 #fi value1 #fi ,%aft1 co/ ( s9k+1 #hc ,silicate ( copp]1 #gj localities1 #gj smelt+1 #aja value1 #gj ,silv]1 #gj1 #ga & gold1 consumption 9 ! arts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #acg1 #ach & gold1 production ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #acg1 #ach glance1 #ga localities1 #ga r$uc+1 #ajj value1 #ga horn1 #ec 9 copp] ores1 #aja 9 lead & copp] ores1 #ii 9 lead ore1 to detect1 #ii to e/imate ! proportion (1 #ii1 #ajj 9 ,nevada1 #acd-acg localities1 #gj native gold 91 #ig ore1 assay (1 #ii1 #ajj brittle1 #cj r$1 #ff ores1 ri* r$uction (1 #ajj pure easily recogniz$1 #ii se>*+ =1 #hj1 #ij to te/ a globule ( = gold1 #ig to te/ copp] ores =1 #ii :]e f\nd1 #hi ,slate regions1 #ad ,smalt9e1 #gb localities1 #gb value1 #gb ,smi?sonite1 #gb localities1 #gb value1 #gb ,sp> manganese1 #fj ,spa?ic iron1 #gc localities1 #gc value1 #gc ,specific gravity1 mode ( det]m9ation (1 #ab1 #ac ,specul> iron ore1 #gc1 #gd localities1 #gd value1 #gd ,sp9el ruby1 #gd localities1 #gd value1 #gd ,/eatite1 #ge localities1 #ge value1 #ge ,/ones1 preci\s1 color & ord] ( h>dness1 #abf ,/rass = mak+ false jewels1 #aae ,/rontianite1 #ge1 #gf localities1 #gf value1 #gf ,sulphur1 #gf localities1 #gf spr+s1 #ajh1 #aji ,te/+ m9]als1 #ae-ai ,!rmal spr+s1 #aaj1 #aaa ,t9 ore1 #gf1 #gg assay (1 #ajb1 #ajc localities1 #gg value1 #gf pres5ce (1 te/+ =1 #ajc ,topaz1 #gg *>act]i/ics (1 #he false1 h[ made1 #aaf localities1 #gg to te/1 #aah1 #abj1 #abc value1 #gg ,t\rmal9e1 #gg localities1 #gg to te/1 #abc value1 #gg ,transluc5t m9]als1 #ab ,trap regions1 #ad ,true & false gems1 h[ to di/+ui%1 #aag-abd ,unit$ ,/ates1 consumption ( gold & silv] 9 ! arts1 #acg1 #ach gold & silv] /ati/ics (1 #acg1 #ach ,useful m9]als1 descriptive li/ (1 #bj-hj 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates #aa ,valuable m9]als disguis$1 #aj ,v>iegat$ copp] ore1 #gh localities1 #gh value1 #gh ,ve9s1 lodes & b$s mo/ valuable1 #hb ,virg9ia gr\p1 silv] m9es1 #acf ,wad1 #gh1 #gi localities1 #gi value1 #gh ,w>m spr+s1 #aaj1 #aaa ,wa%+ = gold & plat9um1 #id1 #ie ,wa%oe lake1 silv] m9es ne>1 #acd ,wells1 artesian1 #aaa1 #aab ,willemite1 #gi localities1 #gi value1 #gi ,z9cite1 #gi1 #hj localities1 #hj value1 #gi ,z9c ore1 assay (1 #ajb ,,footnotes3 #a ,! useful rocks1 z granite1 slate1 s&/one1 wat]-lime1 etc41 are n includ$4 ,by 8granite region0 is meant "o hav+ rocks l ,new ,engl&1 & !re=e unlike ,we/]n ,new ,york or ,ill9ois4 #b ,t is1 !y are n s easily cut ) a knife2 !y d n necess>ily scrat* m>ble4 #c ,only ! be/ kn[n localities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are giv54 ,= ^! we are indebt$ ma9ly to ,pr(essor ,dana's great "w on ,m9]alogy4 #d ,f ,simon9's 8,und]gr\nd ,life10 page #cdf4 #e ,*ur*4 ,! ,com/ock ,lode1 its ,=mation & ,hi/ory1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahgi1 pp4 #a-e4