file which includes the original illustrations4 ,see #ececi-;h4htm or #ececi-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/cache_/epu b_/#ececi_/pg#ececi-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/files_/#ec eci_/ececi-;h4zip7 ,transcriber's note3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 ,,road ,,guide ,,to ,,lassen ,,volcanic ,,national ,,park by ,,paul ,e4 ,,schulz ,loomis ,museum ,association ,illustration3 ,loomis ,museum ,association 7volcano7 logo ,first ,edition1 #aiej ,eighth ,edition ,revised #aiff ,cover ,color ,photo 7,lassen ,peak over ,manzanita ,lake7 by ,r4 ,c4 ,milne ,printed by ,lithography ,lassen ,litho ,susanville1 ,california ,,how ,,to ,,use ,,this ,,guide ,this booklet describes the more important points along the ,lassen ,park ,road4 ,to get the most enjoyment from this pamphlet make a leisurely trip--drive slowly4 ,visitors find it most practical to read about the next point of interest before coming to it1 often having someone other than the driver read this aloud while traveling4 ,in the left hand margin of the text is a series of numbers which correspond to numbered markers along the road marking the point of interest4 ,explanations follow each number in the text4 ,the fume cloud on the roadside markers points in the direction of the feature4 ,if you are entering via ,manzanita ,lake ,entrance ,station1 start from the last of this book1 and read the numbers in descending sequence4 ,the mileage shown in parentheses in the center line of the pages indicates the distance between successive points driving either way4 ,,always ,,park ,,off ,,the ,,pavement ,,an ,,auto ,,accident ,,will ,,spoil ,,your ,,trip ,illustration3 ,national ,park ,service ,published in cooperation with the ,national ,park ,service ,copyright #aiej1 #aifb by the ,loomis ,museum ,association ,,introduction ,lassen ,volcanic ,national ,park was established by act of ,congress in #aiaf from lands of the ,lassen ,national ,forest and the small ,lassen ,peak and ,cinder ,cone ,national ,monuments formerly under the ,forest ,service1 ,u4 ,s4 ,department of ,agriculture4 ,the park area now measures approximately #aj by #ag miles1 embracing about #afe square miles4 ,the ,lassen ,park ,road is a link in ,state ,route ,no4 #hi4 ,it runs through ,lassen ,volcanic ,national ,park1 half circling the east side of ,lassen ,peak4 ,this road was built by the ,national ,park ,service of the ,u4 ,s4 ,department of the ,interior to make accessible by car some of the finest scenery in the park4 ,the road is not designed for high speed4 ,the slower you drive the more you will see4 ,like you1 others are sight seeing1 so drive carefully and observe the warning signs at all times4 ,remember3 an accident may ruin your vacation1 your car1 and even your life4 ,maximum speed is #de miles per hour1 but in many places this is excessive4 ,while using this guide you will want to stop many times4 ,be sure to park ,,off ,,the ,,pavement to prevent accidents4 ,in the spring when heavy snowdrifts line the road1 it will not be practical to stop in certain areas1 nor will it be possible to see some of the things described in this publication4 ,other books dealing in greater detail with the interpretation of the natural and human history of the area may be purchased in the ,visitor ,center at ,manzanita ,lake4 ,a ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,park ,,will ,,be ,,found ,,on ,,pages #ah and #ai ,illustration3 ,look for numbered stakes along the road4 #a ,,the ,,raker ,,memorial was sponsored by the ,california ,state ,chamber of ,commerce in #aica in honor of ,congressman ,john ,e4 ,raker who was ,representative of the ,state for #ae years4 ,it was he who introduced the successful bill to ,congress recommending the establishment of ,lassen ,volcanic ,national ,park4 ,the bill was signed by ,pres4 ,wilson on ,august #i1 #aiaf4 ,john ,raker died in #aibf4 ,appropriately1 this is also the boundary between the ,national ,park and ,lassen ,national ,forest4 ,although the ,national ,park ,service and the ,national ,forest ,service differ in conservation policies1 they cooperate very closely on mutual matters1 such as forest fire and forest pest control4 ,illustration3 ,lassen ,volcanic ,national ,park stele 7#j4e mile7 #b ,,the ,,brokeoff ,,mountain ,,trail starts here on the uphill side of the road4 ,it is a #c4e mile hike to the summit at #i1bce feet4 ,the elevation here at the road is #f1fdj feet4 ,the common shrub-like trees along the first part of the trail are the mountain alder and willow4 7see sketch74 ,in the fall the willow leaves turn bright yellow4 ,both species lose their leaves in winter4 ,illustration3 ,,mt4 ,,alder ,illustration3 ,,willow 7#j4d mile7 #c ,,the ,,new ,,southwest ,,entrance ,,station was completed in the summer of #aiff4 ,entry permits1 which are required during the summer season1 are sold here4 7#j4c mile7 #d ,,the ,,visitor ,,use ,,building was also completed in the summer of #aiff4 ,it is designed primarily for winter use with the ski slopes nearby4 ,lunches1 souvenirs and information may be obtained here in the summer season also4 7#j4h mile7 #e ,,sulphur ,,works is the most easily accessible hydrothermal area in the ,park4 ,it is probably part of the central vent system of ancient ,mt4 ,tehama which is described at ,no4 #g4 ,a short paved trail leads to the sputtering hot springs1 steaming fumeroles and hot bubbling mud pots4 ,for your own safety be sure to stay on the trails in any of the thermal areas4 ,slippery clay and thin crusty coverings could lead to a dunking in scalding hot water and mud4 ,most water in the thermal areas of the ,park contain sulphurous or sulphuric acid1 so avoid getting it on your clothes4 ,the odor is mainly that of hydrogen sulphide4 ,much of the white clay is tinted yellow1 tan or pink by mineral impurities1 chiefly iron oxides4 ,the name ,sulphur ,works was first used in #ahfe when efforts were made by ,t4 ,m4 ,boarman and ,dr4 ,m4 ,supan to develop the sulphur and clay potentialities of the area4 ,this land was filed upon originally as a mining claim but was actively used only for the tourist trade beginning about #aidj4 ,some of the non-acidic thermal water was used for hot baths4 ,the property was acquired by the ,federal ,government in #aiea and added to the ,national ,park to be used as a natural thermal area exhibit4 7#j4c mile7 ,in early summer the flowers along the road for the next mile or two1 are spectacular4 ,yellow balsam root 7with arrowhead-shaped leaves71 mules ears 7with similar blossoms71 and blue stickseed1 which looks like forgetmenot1 are the most showy4 ,in late summer tall stalks of false hellebore and yellow senecio are common4 7#j4a mile7 ,illustration3 ,,mules ,,ears 7yellow7 ,illustration3 ,,balsam ,,root 7yellow7 ,illustration3 ,,blue ,,stickseed ,illustration3 ,,senecio 7yellow7 #f ,,elevation #g1jjj ,,feet4 ,just ahead is a magnificent specimen of western white pine4 ,being one of the white pine group1 it has five needles in a bundle4 ,its cone is about the size of its near relative of lower 7,transition ,life ,zone7 elevations1 the sugar pine4 ,its limbs grow far down on the trunk because they get plenty of light for the manufacture of food4 ,shading in dense forests causes a sloughing off of lower limbs1 resulting in natural pruning4 7#j4d mile7 ,illustration3 ,,western ,,white ,,pine 7five needles7 ,mature ,cone1 #f in4 ,young ,cones and ,foliage #g ,,brokeoff ,,mountain1 the second highest peak in the park4 ,the volcanic lava and ash layers are abruptly broken off on the north side1 hence the name 8,brokeoff04 ,this mountain is a flank remnant of ancestral ,mount ,tehama which once towered more than #a1jjj feet higher than ,lassen ,peak4 ,tehama was a composite1 or strato-type volcano like ,mt4 ,shasta4 ,it was destroyed by a series of cracks1 called faults1 which cut ,tehama into huge blocks4 ,these sunk1 causing collapse of the great mountain4 ,mt4 ,conard to the southeast1 and the ridge between ,brokeoff and ,lassen ,peak1 are also remnants of the ,tehama rim1 all dipping away from the center of the old volcano4 ,on the southeast horizon are the ,sierra ,nevada1 with ,childs ,meadow closer in4 ,to the north is the ragged top of ,diamond ,peak with a natural window through the rocks on the upper right near the skyline4 7#j4f mile7 #h ,,diamond ,,point1 on the southeast flank of ,diamond ,peak4 ,this rock is volcanic agglomerate1 a mass of volcanic ejecta which became stuck together by small amounts of still molten lava4 ,nearby is one of the volcanic vents of ancestral ,mt4 ,tehama4 ,the material on top of ,diamond ,peak is explosive debris slightly consolidated by the cementing action of volcanic ash and is called tuff4 ,it has weathered into very rough and rugged forms4 ,there is an excellent view of ,mt4 ,conard4 ,mill ,creek ,canyon below has been glaciated2 ,childs ,meadow is visible at the mouth of the canyon4 7#j4d mile7 #i ,,lassen ,,peak ,,sign4 ,this is one of the best views of the south side of ,lassen ,peak4 ,to the left of it is sharp ,eagle ,peak and rounded ,ski ,heil4 ,to the right1 across the canyon at eye level1 the red coloring is due to iron oxides1 and the yellow-green is due to millions of lichen plants on the rocks4 ,across the roadway at the roadbank is cool drinking and car radiator water4 ,watch for autos when crossing the highway6 7#j4a mile7 #aj ,,the ,,sloping ,,layers ,,of ,,lava ,,and ,,ash across the canyon to the east were part of ancestral ,mt4 ,tehama4 ,just to the right are highly colored rocks that were once grey andesite lavas1 but they have been chemically altered by steam and sulphurous acid from below4 ,the white areas are largely clay with some non-precious opal4 ,the tans1 red1 and purple are stains of iron oxides4 ,volcanic fumes reach the surface abundantly in this area1 rising along fault cracks4 ,deep in the canyon below lies picturesque little ,ink ,lake4 7#j4b mile7 #aa ,,the ,,huge ,,boulders on the west 7uphill7 side of the road are chunks of cemented volcanic fragments which have rolled down from the top of ,diamond ,peak4 ,lassen ,peak is visible to the north 7up canyon7 from this vicinity1 picturesquely framed by roadside trees4 7#a4d miles7 #ab ,rugged ,,diamond ,,peak below1 nearly encircled by ,lassen ,park ,road1 was named for the occurrence of occasional small1 double-ended quartz crystals and diamond-shaped calcite crystals4 ,these were deposited by hot volcanic waters that seeped through its already hardened lavas after volcanic eruptions had ceased4 ,the mountain is the tough lava feeder1 or core1 of prehistoric ,mount ,tehama4 ,diamond ,peak has resisted the sinking and weathering which reduced its surroundings4 7#j4g mile7 #ac ,,head ,,of ,,little ,,hot ,,springs ,,valley4 ,the 8,u0-shape cross section of the canyon indicates glacial widening in contrast to the 8,v0-shape found in non-glaciated stream cut canyons4 ,there is another hot spring area above1 near the base of ,pilot ,pinnacle4 ,illustration3 ,landscape ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,,bumpass ,,mt4 ,,mt4 ,,conard ,,diamond ,,peak ,,little ,,hot ,,spring ,,valley 7#j4c mile7 #ad ,,emerald ,,point3 ,a few yards away is the best view of the southwestern portion of the park4 ,left to right is ,mt4 ,conard1 ,little ,hot ,springs ,valley1 ,diamond ,peak1 ,brokeoff ,mtn41 ,mt4 ,diller1 ,pilot ,pinnacle1 ,ski ,heil1 ,eagle ,peak1 and ,lassen ,peak4 ,in his book 8,the ,mountains of ,california01 ,john ,muir wrote of the lovely mountain hemlocks4 8,some of the finest groves ,i have yet found are on the south slopes of ,lassen's ,butte40 7#j4b mile7 #ae ,,emerald ,,lake1 of glacial origin1 was named for its beautiful green color4 ,fishing is not allowed in this lake1 and since it is planted with fish1 large ,rainbow ,trout can be seen close to shore4 ,please do not spoil the beauty of this spot by littering the lake or the shore with tin cans and other refuse4 ,this point is just over #h1jjj feet elevation1 in the ,hudsonian ,life ,zone4 ,here the mountain hemlock trees1 with their graceful nodding tops1 and the noisy grey1 black1 and white jay known as the ,clark's nutcracker1 are most conspicuous and typical forms of life4 ,the smooth slopes on ,ski ,heil ,peak behind ,emerald ,lake are unexcelled for skiing4 7#j4c mile7 ,illustration3 ,,clarks ,,nutcracker 7grey with black and white7 ,illustration3 ,,mt4 ,,hemlock 7immature purple cones7 #af ,,glacial ,,erratic4 ,this great isolated lava boulder1 perched on the outside edge of the road just south of the ,bumpass ,hell parking area1 was carried by a glacier from the southeast base of ,lassen ,peak and deposited here when the ice river melted4 ,the rock on which it lies has a scratched1 grooved1 and highly polished surface4 ,this is the work of rocks frozen into the base of the thick glacier1 which moved over this area and into the valley below during the ,ice ,age4 ,there are few places where such evidence of volcanic heat and glacial ice is found4 ,please park at ,no4 #ag if you wish to walk to the ,glacial ,erratic4 7#j4a mile7 ,illustration3 ,landscape #ag ,,bumpass ,,hell ,,parking ,,area4 ,the ,bumpass ,hell self-guiding nature trail1 with explanatory leaflets provided enroute1 is a #a4a mile walk to the edge of the hot spring basin4 ,this is ,lassen's most spectacular and diversified hydrothermal area4 ,the walk through it involves another mile4 ,in midsummer wildflowers are excellent along the trail3 bog kalmia and ,brewer mountainheath 7low pink flowering shrubs71 coast erysimum 7orange71 ,newberry penstemon 7red71 and silverleaf lupine are the most conspicuous4 ,pinemat manzanita 7white71 rabbitbrush 7yellow71 and chinquapin 7cream-colored7 are dwarf shrubs which are also common4 ,illustration3 ,,bog ,,kalmia 7pink7 ,illustration3 ,,coast ,,erysimum 7orange7 ,illustration3 ,,brewer ,,mountainheath 7deep rose7 ,illustration3 ,,satin ,,lupine 7blue7 ,illustration3 ,,newberry ,,penstemon 7dark red7 ,you can hike through ,bumpass ,hell and continue via ,cold ,boiling ,lake to ,kings ,creek ,campground4 ,it is an easy walk of #d miles1 most of which is downhill4 7#j4b mile7 #ah ,,lake ,,helen is a deep1 blue1 glacial lake at #h1afd feet elevation4 ,it is frozen over for #g or #h months a year1 and is very cold even in summer being #ci degrees at depth4 ,lake ,helen is exceptional among ,lassen's lakes in that fish plantings here have been unsuccessful 444 perhaps because of a lack of native food4 ,this body of water was named by ,major ,pierson ,b4 ,reading for ,mrs4 ,helen ,tanner ,brodt who ascended ,lassen ,peak with him in #ahfd1 the first woman known to have made the climb4 ,lassen ,peak is across the lake to the northwest4 ,the cliffs represent portions of the original plug of stiff1 pasty dacite lava which was forced up rapidly as a unit through the crust of the earth4 ,along the right shoulder of ,lassen the trail zig-zags up the mountain4 ,on the side of the road away from the lake is a large andesite lava outcrop of vertical plates1 or slabs4 ,known as jointing1 this has been caused by strains set up in the cooling lava mass after it hardened4 ,this helps to wear away mountains because water seeps into these cracks and wedges them apart when it freezes and expands4 7#j4b mile7 #ai ,,lake ,,helen ,,picnic ,,area4 ,in #aicc a bronze plaque was placed here by ,ethel ,brodt ,wilson and her children through the sponsorship of the ,shasta ,historical ,society4 ,it reads3 8,lake ,helen1 elevation #h1afd feet4 ,named for ,helen ,tanner ,brodt by ,major ,pierson ,b4 ,reading in honor of her being the first white woman to see the lake and to make the ascent of ,lassen ,peak ,august #bh1 #ahfd44440 ,just south is the snow-measuring course1 identified by yellow and red markers in the hemlock trees and a tall iron pipe4 7#j4b mile7 #bj ,the ,park ,service ,,winter ,,control ,,cabin is a hundred yards east 7uphill7 of the road4 ,it is used by ,park ,rangers on ski patrols and on the monthly winter snow-measuring trips4 ,the latter are conducted in cooperation with the ,state of ,california ,snow ,survey4 ,the depth of snow pack and the amount of water it contains determines the schedule of commercial water-use activities in the valley for the following summer4 ,snow packs of #bj feet representing a snowfall of over #ej feet1 are common in this area4 7#j4d mile7 #ba ,scenic view of ,,lake ,,helen and the western half of the ,,remnants ,,of ,,collapsed ,,mt4 ,,tehama4 ,this ancestral mountain1 a composite or strato-type volcano1 was destroyed during the ,ice ,age in much the same manner as ,mt4 ,mazama1 which collapsed to form #b1jjj foot deep ,crater ,lake4 ,brokeoff ,mt41 ,mt4 ,diller1 and ,pilot ,pinnacle to the south and west are remnants of ,mt4 ,tehama4 ,in the roadcut to the east of rounded markings are 8inclusions0 of an early stage of hardening of the crust of this dacite lava which was later shattered1 and engulfed1 and partly remelted when the molten rock from below forced its way upward4 7#j4c mile7 ,illustration3 8,vulcan's ,face0 appeared in a #aiad eruption cloud over ,lassen ,peak4 --photo by a ,u4 ,s4 ,forest ,service ,ranger ,illustration3 ,the ,devastated ,area1 ,no4 #dd in the ,road ,guide1 is slowly recovering after eruptions in #aiae flattened trees on the northeast slope of ,lassen ,peak4 --,,nps photo by ,r4 ,c4 ,milne ,illustration3 ,bumpass ,hell1 the most spectacular thermal area in the ,park1 is #a1djj feet long and #ejj feet wide4 --,,nps photo by ,r4 ,l4 ,nelson ,illustration3 ,a self-guiding trail1 starting at ,no4 #ag in the ,road ,guide1 leads to steaming fumeroles1 hot springs and boiling mudpots4 --,,nps photo by ,r4 ,l4 ,nelson ,illustration3 ,landscape ,,brokeoff ,,mt4 ,,mt4 ,,tehama ,,mt4 ,,diller ,,pilot ,,pinnacle ,,ski ,,heil ,,peak ,,eagle ,,peak ,,lake ,,helen #bb ,,lassen ,,peak ,,trail ,,sign4 ,on the southeast side of the road is the ,peak ,parking ,area1 and on the northwest side starts the trail up ,lassen ,peak4 ,the ,peak ,trail is a well-graded climb of about #b1jjj feet3 from #h1ejj feet to #aj1deg feet in #b miles of hiking4 ,it takes most persons about #d hours for the round trip1 though some take an hour more1 and a few an hour less4 ,for a pleasant hike3 #a4 ,wear low heeled1 sturdy shoes4 #b4 ,hike at a moderate pace1 taking short1 frequent rests and enjoy the ever-changing view4 #c4 ,take a lunch along4 #d4 ,you can eat snow for water1 but do so slowly1 otherwise it may make you ill4 #e4 ,dark glasses1 sunburn lotion1 and a hat are advisable4 #f4 ,do not start later than #b hours before sunset1 or when storms or fog threaten4 #g4 ,,do ,,not ,,take ,,short-,,cuts ,,across ,,the ,,trail4 ,it is against ,park ,regulations and is inadvisable because3 a4 ,it is dangerous3 sprained or broken ankles and arms may result4 b4 ,unavoidable dislodging of rocks is dangerous to hikers below4 c4 ,it costs money to rebuild the trail which short-cutting ruins4 ,on the rise to the left of the trail1 the parallel markings in the rock is known as flow banding and takes place when the lava is still moving but cooling rapidly4 ,directly above this banding1 on top of the rock formation1 is glacial polish1 which indicates that the lava cooled long before the ,ice ,age4 ,in climbing the ,peak1 the trail leaves the ,hudsonian ,life ,zone with mountain hemlocks and white-bark pine1 and at timber line it enters the ,arctic-,alpine ,life ,zone4 ,from near the register box atop ,lassen ,peak1 ,mt4 ,shasta is to the northwest1 #ge miles away1 looming up #ad1afa feet4 ,to the north1 are ,chaos ,crags1 the ,devastated ,area1 ,prospect ,peak1 ,cinder ,cone1 and ,butte ,lake4 ,mt4 ,harkness1 ,warner ,valley1 and the mountains of ,nevada are to the east1 with ,dyer ,peak and ,lake ,almanor in the distance and ,kings ,creek ,meadow nearby4 ,to the southeast are the ,high ,sierra including ,pyramid ,peak in the vicinity of ,lake ,tahoe4 ,to the west is the rough black dacite lava of #aiae which filled and obliterated ,lassen's #aiad ,crater4 ,this lava also spilled through the northeast notch1 causing the ,great ,mudflow of ,may #ai1 #aiae4 ,just beyond the #aiae lava is the #aiae-aiaf crater formed by the great explosive eruption of ,may #bb1 #aiae4 ,it now contains a tiny lake1 sapphire blue when not frozen over4 ,the notch on ,lassen's western skyline1 just beyond1 is the #aiag crater4 ,there are active steam vents in the west and north portions of this basin1 but the steam does not always condense well enough to be seen easily4 ,there are yellow deposits of sulphur on the north wall of #aiae-aiaf crater4 ,on the west side of the crater basin1 the #aiae-aiaf and the #aiag craters can be seen1 and also the ,brokeoff-,lassen ,ridge to the south1 glaciated ,blue ,lake ,canyon to the southwest1 ,loomis ,peak and the ,sacramento ,valley to the west1 with the ,coast ,range ,mountains beyond4 ,the highest ,coast ,ranges to the northwest are the ,trinity ,alps4 ,nearby is ,manzanita ,lake area with ,chaos ,jumbles and ,chaos ,crags to the right 7north74 ,lassen ,peak was named after ,peter ,lassen1 a pioneer of ,danish birth who is reported to have used the mountain as a landmark4 ,lassen blazed a round-about emigrant trail from ,black ,rock 7,nevada71 east and south of the present park area1 to his ,deer ,creek ,rancho 8,bosquejo0 in the ,sacramento ,valley4 7#j4b mile7 #bc ,,summit ,,sign1 ,,highest ,,point on the road3 #h1eab feet above sea level4 ,for about a mile either way along the road in spring and early summer cross country skiing is normally good4 ,snow generally closes the road for the winter in ,november and plows cut through the winter pack anywhere from the end of ,may to early ,july4 7#j4d mile7 #bd ,in addition to the mountain hemlocks1 here also are the gnarled1 multiple-trunked ,,white ,,bark ,,pines4 ,this is one of the few places in ,california where this fascinating and photogenic tree can be reached by road4 ,the snow banks seen on the rocky slopes across the ravine frequently last through the whole summer4 ,illustration3 ,,white ,,bark ,,pine 7cones #a inch7 7#j4c mile7 #be ,,lake ,,almanor ,,and ,,mt4 ,,harkness ,,view ,,sign4 ,warner ,valley has been modified by a glacier #a1jjj feet thick4 ,lake ,almanor and ,mountain ,meadow ,reservoir1 both outside the park1 are artificial lakes1 part of the ,caribou ,power ,system of the ,pacific ,gas and ,electric ,company4 ,peter ,lassen's emigrant trail from ,black ,rock1 ,nevada1 ran from north to south through the ,lake ,almanor basin 7,big ,meadow7 before turning west again4 ,highway ,no4 #cf runs between the ,cascade ,range on the north and the ,sierra ,nevada on the south4 ,illustration3 ,landscape ,,nevada ,,mt4 ,,meadow ,,reservoir ,,lake ,,almanor ,,mt4 ,,harkness ,,dyer ,,mt4 ,,saddle ,,mt4 ,,reading ,,peak ,,kelly ,,mt4 ,,red ,,mt4 ,,warner ,,valley 7#j4f mile7 #bf ,,fissures may be seen in rocks #ajj yards from the road and also near the road between here and stake #bg4 ,these cracks1 sometimes quite large1 are typical of weak zones in volcanic areas4 7#j4e mile7 #bg ,,trail ,,sign on the down-hill side of the road indicates the start of the trail to ,terrace ,lake 7#j4e mile72 ,shadow ,lake 7#j4h mile72 and ,cliff ,lake 7#a4e miles74 ,you can also reach the park road again at ,summit ,lake about 7#d4j miles7 or at ,hat ,lake about 7#c4e miles74 7#j4a mile7 #bh #h1jjj-;,,foot ,,elevation ,,marker4 ,from here ,prospect ,peak is visible4 ,like ,mt4 ,harkness1 it is a small but good example of shield volcano4 ,on top of it is a small cinder cone which destroys the low shield-shape cross-section 7indicated by the dotted line7 characteristic of that type of volcano4 ,at the right base of ,prospect ,peak is ,hat ,mountain1 and behind it1 at its right base1 remarkable ,cinder ,cone in the northeast corner of the park4 ,illustration3 ,landscape ,,hat ,,mt4 ,,cinder ,,cone ,,prospect ,,peak 7#a4j mile7 #bi ,a fine view of ,,upper ,,kings ,,creek ,,meadow4 ,this may well have been a lake once1 filled in by glacial and stream-borne materials4 ,the level meadow floor caused ,kings ,creek to move slowly and to wander about 8aimlessly0 in a pattern called a 8meander0 by geologists4 ,where it leaves the flat meadow the stream takes on direction and speed1 thus resuming a relatively straight1 swift course4 ,as the meadow builds up higher1 becoming drier1 the encroaching forest will eventually engulf it4 7#a4c miles7 #cj ,,kings ,,creek ,,campground and ,picnic ,area4 ,this is the ,canadian ,life ,zone1 although a few 8,hudsonian0 mountain hemlocks are in the cooler portions4 ,the #g1djj foot elevation makes this a most delightful1 primitive type of campsite during the warm summer months4 ,the trail goes south from the campground to ,cold ,boiling ,lake 7#j4h mile7 and to ,crumbaugh ,lake 7#a4e miles74 ,kings ,creek1 originating from the springs in these meadows1 is a part of the ,feather ,river system1 draining all of the area between ,lassen and the ,truckee ,river ,divide1 the largest single tributary drainage area in ,california4 7#j4e mile7 #ca ,,reading ,,peak rises over #a1cjj feet to an #h1gja-;foot elevation4 ,like ,lassen ,peak1 across the meadow to the left1 this is a plug volcano4 ,it honors ,major ,pierson ,b4 ,reading 7pronounced ,redding71 ,northern ,california pioneer4 ,he was ,general ,fremont's paymaster1 and was involved in the ,bear ,flag revolt4 ,reading also discovered gold on ,clear ,creek in ,march #ahdh1 and was the first permanent settler of ,shasta ,county4 ,in #ahfd he led the third recorded ascent up ,lassen ,peak4 ,the same year he filed a mining claim jointly with ,k4 ,v4 ,bumpass on the ,bumpass ,hell area4 ,deer are generally seen here in the meadow1 especially near sunset during late summer and early fall4 7#j4f mile7 #cb ,,kings ,,creek4 ,on the west side of the road is a small picnic area4 ,on the downstream side of the road 7left of the creek7 is a trail to ,warner ,valley4 ,kings ,creek ,falls is #a4c miles1 and ,drakesbad is #d4j miles4 ,you can hike uphill to the base of ,lassen ,peak4 ,in both ,lower and ,upper ,kings ,creek ,meadow1 fawnlilys1 red heather1 corn lily1 and white gentian make a fine floral succession from early spring to autumn4 ,lupine and pussy paws are also common in the drier locations4 7#j4b mile7 ,illustration3 ,,fawnlily 7yellow and pinkish7 ,illustration3 ,,falsehellebore 7whitish7 #cc ,an ,,emergency ,,telephone is just below the park road for reporting accidents and fires4 7#a4j mile7 #cd ,,lake ,,almanor1 ,,warner ,,valley1 and what might be called the friendly wilderness of the eastern portion of the park4 ,trails reach this country from ,summit ,lake and from dead-end secondary roads at ,butte ,lake1 ,horseshoe ,lake1 and ,warner ,valley4 ,on ,mt4 ,harkness is a ,national ,park ,service fire lookout station4 ,help keep the forests green by being very careful with matches1 cigarettes1 and the like4 7#j4h mile7 #ce ,in this vicinity once stood a fine stand of ,,red ,,fir4 ,on ,october #aa1 #aifb1 winds of gale force1 sweeping up through the valleys from the southeast1 blew down and broke off many large trees4 ,this is typical of the story of violence and peace of the ,lassen area4 ,in a few years the young growth will hide most of the devastation4 ,the short1 blue-green1 single needles of the red fir grow in a brush-like manner4 ,very symmetrical1 the trees are called 8,silver ,tips0 in the commercial ,christmas tree market4 ,the trunks curve at their base due to the heavy snowfall which bends the saplings downhill1 flat to the ground4 ,in the spring the young trees curve up1 but the bend remains1 and persists throughout the life of the tree4 ,curved trunks can also be found in other species of trees1 such as mountain hemlock4 ,illustration3 ,,curved ,,tree ,,trunk ,illustration3 ,,red ,,fir ,illustration3 ,,lassen ,,volcanic ,,national ,,park ,high-resolution ,map 7#a4d miles7 #cf ,,summit ,,lake lies on the east side of the road with entrance roads to the ,north and ,south ,campgrounds1 #j4a mile apart4 ,the lake is so named because it lies at the very summit of a divide between the ,feather ,river drainage to the south and the ,pit ,river drainage to the north4 ,the elevation of the lake is #f1gjj feet4 ,it is good for swimming1 and its shores offer fine spots for picnicking or camping4 ,fishing is generally only fair4 ,this area is dominated by red firs1 with lodgepole pine and western white pines4 ,also characteristic is the pinemat manzanita which forms a carpet on the forest floor1 bearing numerous small white blossoms4 ,cream-colored marshmarigolds1 and later white false hellebore1 are the most showy of numerous flowers to be seen in moist areas about the lake4 ,hat ,mountain is the nearby symmetrical1 flat-topped cinder cone1 rising #a1aie feet above the level of ,summit ,lake1 to the northeast of it4 ,a trail circles the lake and on the far side of it1 heads east to ,echo ,lake1 ,twin ,lakes1 ,cinder ,cone1 and ,butte ,lake2 or to ,bear and ,cluster ,lakes2 or to ,kings ,creek ,falls1 ,warner ,valley1 and ,drakesbad4 7#j4d mile7 ,illustration3 ,,marshmarigold 7cream-colored7 ,illustration3 ,,lodgepole ,,pine 7cone #a inches7 #cg ,,summit ,,lake ,,ranger ,,station4 ,an emergency telephone is located there4 7#j4a mile7 #ch ,,drive ,,slowly3 ,,trail ,,crossing ,,for ,,horses4 ,the side road on the east leads to the public horse corral4 ,reservations for riding and pack horses may be made during the summer season here or at the ,manzanita ,lake ,lodge4 ,the trail on the west goes to ,cliff ,lake 7#b4c miles71 ,shadow ,lake 7#c4b miles71 ,terrace ,lake 7#c4e miles7 and on to the base of ,lassen ,peak4 7#a4b miles7 #ci ,,dersch ,,meadows is a two mile long series of meadows extending northwest from ,summit ,lake along the park road4 ,it is drained by the ,east ,fork of ,hat ,creek and ,dersch ,creek4 ,a large variety of fine spring and summer wildflowers including alpine shooting stars1 columbia monkshood and rare white orchids1 milkwhite habenaria1 can be found close to the road4 ,deer are abundant here during the summer and fall seasons4 ,illustration3 ,,columbia ,,monkshood 7blue1 rarely white7 ,illustration3 ,,milkwhite ,,habenaria 7white7 ,illustration3 ,,alpine ,,shooting ,,star 7strong pink7 ,this is ,,canadian ,,life ,,zone country4 ,in addition to red fir1 the #b-needle lodgepole pine1 and western white pine are abundant4 ,the shrub-like trees in the meadows are the moisture-loving willows4 ,the rust-brown branches on the red fir have been caused by a small mistletoe which1 like most mistletoes1 cripples but rarely kills the trees4 7#j4c mile7 #dj ,a large ,,ant ,,hill at the base of a small lodgepole pine about #ae feet from the road on the uphill side is about a #c-;foot high nest built of twigs and dry pine needles by red ants about inch long4 ,these ants have a very well developed social system comparable to that of bees4 ,,please ,,do ,,not ,,poke ,,or ,,otherwise ,,disturb ,,the ,,anthill4 7#j4g mile7 #da ,on the north 7outside7 edge of the park road is a truck trail which follows ,,hat ,,creek north1 and then eastward to a locked gate at ,badger ,flat1 #f miles distant4 ,from ,badger ,flat1 trails lead to ,cinder ,cone 7#e miles71 ,butte ,lake 7#g miles71 ,cluster ,lakes 7#b miles71 and many other points4 ,this is the southeast boundary of the ,,devastated ,,area4 ,the down logs all point away from ,lassen ,peak1 which dominates the scene and which wrought the devastation4 ,some trees have been uprooted2 others have been snapped off like match sticks4 7#j4b mile7 #db ,,hat ,,lake ,,parking ,,area4 ,nearby is ,hat ,lake1 elevation #f1dej feet4 ,it was formed by the mudflow of ,may #ai1 #aiae1 when it blocked ,hat ,creek4 ,all lakes are very temporary features1 and this one is a good example1 as it is rapidly being filled by the building of a delta at the south end of the lake and by the accumulation of organic debris such as logs1 etc4 ,this will become a meadow in the near future4 ,most meadows have been formed in a similar manner4 ,a cream-colored aquatic buttercup blooms conspicuously on the lake in the summer and early fall4 ,this is a good place to observe birds4 ,the dark1 grey-brown water ouzel1 or dipper1 can usually be seen or heard near the outlet where ,hat ,creek is crossed by the ,park ,road4 ,illustration3 ,,dipper or ,,water ,,ouzel 7grey-brown7 ,just across the road from the parking area1 the trail to the south goes to ,paradise ,meadow3 7#a4e miles74 ,an excellent variety of wildflowers bloom along the trail in mid-summer4 ,terrace ,lake is #b4i miles from here1 and the road is again reached at an elevation of nearly #h1jjj feet1 #j4e miles beyond this4 7#j4d mile7 #dc ,,hat ,,mountain4 ,this volcanic cone has an elevation of #g1fie feet1 rising about #a1jjj feet above ,summit ,lake near its south base4 7#j4a mile7 #dd ,,heart ,,of ,,the ,,devastated ,,area4 #aj1deg-;foot ,lassen ,peak rises about #d1jjj feet to the southwest4 ,it is the largest plug volcano known4 ,it was formed rapidly1 being forced up as a stiff pasty mass of lava4 ,on ,may #cj1 #aiad1 without warning1 ,lassen ,peak started a series of eruptions which lasted through #aiag4 ,the hundred eruptions during the first year were steam explosions which threw out ash1 cinders and boulders1 thus clearing out a new crater4 ,on ,may #ai1 #aiae1 a black dacite lava flow welled up into this crater and spilled over to the southwest and northeast4 ,at the southwest the lava descended about #a1jjj feet on the ,sacramento ,valley side of the mountain1 cooled and hardened4 ,however1 the lava coming down the northeast slope broke off in large pasty chunks1 quickly melting a huge accumulation of snow4 ,the resulting water1 mixed with the large volume of fine and coarse debris from earlier eruptions formed a great mudflow which roared down the mountainside4 ,divided by ,raker ,peak1 part of this mudflow went down ,lost ,creek1 which the main road now follows northward4 ,the rest went over the #ajj foot rise in the east and down that ,creek4 ,it cut a swath through the forest which had been continuous across ,lassen's lower and middle slopes4 ,fertile meadows were covered by as much as #bj feet of mudflow debris4 ,the bark of trees on the edge of the mudflow was pounded and ripped off as high as #ah feet above the ground4 ,illustration3 ,landscape ,,lassen ,,peak #aiae ,,lava ,,flow 7,,ne7 ,,crescent ,,crater ,,survivors ,,hill ,area swept by hotblast only ,area swept by mudflow and hotblast ,three days later 7,may #bb1 #aiae7 a great explosive eruption blasted out a new crater atop ,lassen ,peak1 just west of the one which had been filled with1 and sealed off1 by the new lava4 ,a portion of the explosive force was deflected downward4 ,the resulting ,hot ,blast took the same1 but wider1 path the mudflow had taken4 ,trees left standing along the mudflow margins were uprooted or broken off by the blast and thrown down1 all pointing away from ,lassen ,peak for a distance of #c miles from the summit crater4 ,of the logs and snags which constitute an important part of this evidence1 many have already rotted and weathered away since #aiae4 ,some still show the abrasion and impact marks of mudflow and hotblast missiles4 ,the young trees growing in the ,devastated ,area have not been planted by man1 but are natural reforestation4 ,in ,national ,parks nature takes its course4 ,man's meddling1 even though well intentioned1 often upsets the balance of nature1 with resultant undesirable and unforeseen effects4 ,in summertime christine lupine 7cream-colored7 is abundant here4 ,in the fall1 rabbitbrush 7yellow7 is conspicuous4 ,illustration3 ,,rabbitbrush 7yellow7 ,illustration3 ,,christine ,,lupine 7pale yellow7 ,in late summer and fall1 deer are numerous on the lower slopes of ,lassen ,peak4 ,some of the deer seen here are mule deer and its more common sub-species called the black-tailed deer1 both recognized by their tails4 ,the sub-species has a tail entirely black1 and the mule deer has only the lower tip black with the remainder the color of its coat4 7#j4g mile7 ,illustration3 ,,mule ,,deer ,,migrate ,,to ,,the ,,east ,illustration3 ,,black ,,tailed ,,deer ,,migrate ,,to ,,the ,,west #de ,,raker ,,peak to the north is a #a1bjj-;foot cone of andesite lava through which a stiff dome of dacite later welled up1 the latter forming the cliffs4 ,logs felled by ,lassen's hot blast of ,may #bb1 #aiae1 are also visible on its lower slope4 ,the mountain was named ,raker ,peak in #aicc to perpetuate the memory of ,john ,e4 ,raker1 ,representative from ,california and author of the successful bill making ,lassen a ,national ,park in #aiaf4 ,across the road to the west1 on the left base of the slope1 is a small patch of mature trees4 ,the mound1 called 8,,survivors ,,hill10 protected these trees from both the mudflow and the great ,hot ,blast4 ,survivors ,hill also protected a patch of forest on ,raker ,peak where a patch of old trees still stands unscathed1 surrounded by down timber4 7#j4d mile7 #df ,,old ,,boundary ,,spring lies in the grove of white-trunked quaking aspen trees just southwest and below the level of the ,road4 ,the spring provides excellent drinking water4 ,through this site once passed the original park boundary1 hence the name4 ,quaking aspens are sun-tolerant trees1 members of the poplar family4 ,in autumn1 their leaves turn a golden-yellow1 sometimes tinged with red4 ,it is a short-lived tree and is often a pioneer in areas denuded by fire or other means4 ,it provides shelter and water-retention1 assisting in the establishment of young coniferous trees which eventually crowd out the aspens4 7#j4e mile7 #dg ,an ,,emergency ,,telephone is on the east side of the ,park ,road4 7#j4d mile7 #dh ,,hot ,,rock is one of the many large boulders carried from the top of ,lassen ,peak4 ,in the mudflow of ,may #ai1 #aiae1 these boulders were known to the local people as 8hot rocks0 because they retained their heat for several days4 ,these which were buried in the mudflow material formed enough steam to cause funnel-shaped 8eruption pits0 in the mud overlying them4 ,these pits can still be seen by careful searching in the upper portion of the ,devastated ,area4 ,illustration3 ,the ,lassen ,park ,road is closed in winter beyond the skiing area at ,no4 #c in the ,road ,guide4 --,,nps photo by ,r4 ,c4 ,milne ,illustration3 ,when the road is finally opened in early ,june1 visitors drive through #bj ft4 deep canyons of snow4 --,,nps photo by ,r4 ,c4 ,milne ,illustration3 ,brokeoff ,mountain1 described at ,no4 #g in the ,road ,guide1 is part of the remnants of ancient ,mt4 ,tehama4 --,,nps photo by ,r4 ,c4 ,milne ,illustration3 ,a good place to photograph ,lassen ,peak at sunset is at ,reflection ,lake1 ,no4 #fe in the ,road ,guide4 --,,nps photo by ,r4 ,c4 ,milne ,the numerous log and boulder jams were built up behind obstacles as the mudflow began to lose its tremendous size and momentum4 ,the new forest growth is partly obscuring this feature1 and before long all traces of the devastation will be obscured4 7#j4d mile7 #di ,,lost ,,creek ,,crossing4 ,this stream has cut a trench not only through ,lassen's recent mudflow1 but through earlier ones1 some of which were separated by rather long periods of time4 ,upstream can be seen two lower layers of tree stumps1 still erect and in place1 laid bare by the erosive action of ,lost ,creek4 ,this is also a good place to observe the activities of the water ouzels4 ,the ,nobles ,trail parallels the road a short distance to the east4 ,it was in use until completion of the main road through the park in #aicd4 7#j4a mile7 #ej ,,west ,,boundary ,,of ,,the ,,devastated ,,area4 ,the ,great ,hot ,blast did not affect this area and only the effect of the mudflow of ,may #ai1 #aiae1 is visible4 ,recent growth of vegetation is healing the scars1 but a change in soil1 distribution of battered-down logs1 barked tree trunks1 and the change in the profile of the stream-cut bank across ,lost ,creek can still be seen4 7#j4f mile7 #ea ,the ,,lost ,,creek ,,diversion ,,ditch is below on the outside edge of the road4 ,it was dug by ,italian labor crews for the ,shasta ,power ,company as a part of a water collection system for ,battle ,creek electrical development before this region became a ,national ,park4 7#j4a mile7 #eb ,on the inside bank of this turn1 above the road1 is a cross section of the ,,lost ,,creek ,,diversion ,,ditch4 ,the eruption of ,lassen ,peak on ,may #ai1 #aiae1 ended a long controversy between the power companies and the pioneer settlers regarding water rights by destroying1 shortly after completion1 the whole intake section at a point not far from here1 upstream4 7#j4i mile7 #ec ,in this area and on the slope above is an intermediate step in ,,natural ,,reforestation after a fire4 ,the luxuriant growth of young white fir and jeffrey pine has been possible through soil stabilization and moisture retention accomplished by shrubs4 7#j4e mile7 #ed ,a fine specimen of ,,sugar ,,pine4 7#j4c mile7 #ee ,,lost ,,creek ,,organizational ,,camp is used only by organized groups4 ,reservations for this and other free group campgrounds in the park must be made in advance by writing to the ,superintendent1 ,lassen ,volcanic ,national ,park1 ,mineral1 ,calif41 #ifjfc4 ,camping space in the other campgrounds is available on a first come first served basis4 7#j4b mile7 #ef ,a magnificent ,,ponderosa ,,pine4 7#j4b mile7 #eg ,this stretch of forest1 especially on the east side of the road1 may be called a 8,,micro-,,climate40 ,the southwest exposure1 in a sheltered depression1 produces a warmer climate which supports white fir1 incense cedar1 ponderosa pine1 sugar pine1 shrubs and annuals characteristic of lower elevations4 ,the green carpet covering the low rocks and parts of the forest floor is called squawcarpet ceanothus4 7#j4c mile7 ,illustration3 ,,sugar ,,pine 7cone #ab inches7 ,illustration3 ,,incense ,,cedar 7cone #a inch7 ,illustration3 ,,ponderosa ,,pine 7cone #c inches7 #eh ,on the eastern extension of the sharp curve is a loose ,,rocky ,,talus ,,slope composed of fine-grained1 dark grey boulders known as basalt4 ,often basaltic lavas are very porous because they are typically gas-rich when molten1 and many bubble holes result as the escaping gases are trapped during cooling4 ,this lava is relatively low in silica and high in iron1 hence it is dark in color and heavy in weight4 7#j4f mile7 #ei ,,prospect ,,peaks are ,hawaiian or shield volcanos made of countless thin basaltic lava flows from a central vent1 producing shield-shaped outlines4 ,the sharp peaks on top of these two mountains are small cinder cones4 ,badger ,mountain is a plug volcano like ,chaos ,crags or ,lassen ,peak4 ,west ,peak is outside the park and on it is a ,forest ,service fire look-out station4 ,to the north and northeast are typical virgin forests mantling a sea of minor volcanic peaks4 ,illustration3 ,landscape ,,latour ,,butte ,,magee ,,peak ,,sugar ,,loaf ,,peak ,,hat ,,creek ,,rim ,,hat ,,creek ,,fault ,,west ,,prospect ,,peak ,,prospect ,,peak ,,badger ,,mt4 ,the ,,hat ,,creek ,,fault ,,scarp1 outside the park1 is a great crack in the earth where an enormous block to the east1 known as the ,hat ,creek ,rim1 rose4 ,the scarp1 or bluff1 runs about #be miles north4 ,this is the beginning of the so-called basin range structure of ,nevada which is largely composed of such variously tilted fault blocks4 7#j4f mile7 #fj ,,nobles ,,pass1 elevation about #f1jjj feet1 was discovered by ,william ,h4 ,nobles4 ,in #aheb he offered to reveal the route to business men of ,shasta ,city1 then the leading settlement of ,northern ,california1 for #b1jjj4 ,the new route1 the most popular into this region1 started at ,black ,rock1 ,nevada1 and entered the northeast corner of the park at ,butte ,lake4 ,this ,nobles1 or ,old ,emigrant1 ,trail is still visible to the northeast through the chaparral4 ,from this point1 it went west along the south base of ,table ,mountain and left the park near the highway 8,y0 beyond ,manzanita ,lake4 ,numerous authentic pioneer relics have been found along the route4 ,the chaparral brush formation here is composed of greenleaf manzanita1 snowbrush1 ceanothus1 and bitter cherry4 ,establishment of the chaparral is often the first step in the natural reforestation of an area swept by forest fires4 7#j4d mile7 #fa ,this is one of the largest ,,white ,,fir trees in the ,united ,states4 ,it is #afh feet high and has a circumference of #bj feet1 #g inches4 ,illustration3 ,,white ,,fir ,this vicinity is known as ,,sunflower ,,flat due to the abundance of the flower-like plant called wooly wyethia which blossoms in mid-summer4 ,other flowers to be seen are3 skyrocket gilia1 ,california stickweed1 ,nuttall larkspur1 and ,pacific monardella4 ,a few brilliant red snowplants are often to be found here up into mid-summer4 ,remember1 no flower picking is allowed in our ,national ,parks4 ,illustration3 ,,skyrocket ,,gilia 7red7 ,illustration3 ,,california ,,stickseed 7white7 ,illustration3 ,,nuttall ,,larkspur 7blue7 ,illustration3 ,,pacific ,,monardella 7white to lavender7 7#j4b mile7 #fb ,the sudden change in topography indicates the east edge of ,,chaos ,,jumbles 444 the huge landslide from nearby ,chaos ,crags4 ,this upper edge of the hummocky rock debris is thin1 and lies on a relatively flat undersurface4 ,as a result1 the forest trees grow normally here1 in contrast to the dwarf forest to be found on the main mass of thick1 sloping1 and very porous ,jumbles4 ,the pale yellow-green1 moss-like material on the tree trunks is called staghorn lichen4 ,it is not a moss1 but is a union of two plants growing together2 a fungus1 giving it form and body1 and an alga1 growing inside and manufacturing food for both from the air and sunshine4 ,lichens do not in any way harm the trees1 and grow as well on dead material4 7#j4f mile7 #fc ,the pink mountain mass to the south is ,,chaos ,,crags4 ,it is composed of three plug volcanos of a lava known as dacite4 ,this material was rapidly pushed up in a molten state1 much as one would squeeze paste from a tube4 ,as the lava plugs cooled and hardened1 steam explosions took place from the base of the cliff1 undermining it and causing at least three tremendous avalanches estimated as occurring about #agjj years ago1 #gjj years ago and the most recent in about the year #afij4 ,due to the small amount of soil and porous rock1 many of the stunted trees in this ,dwarf ,forest are over #bjj years old4 7#a4a mile7 ,illustration3 ,landscape #fd ,,visitor ,,center1 ,,lodge and ,,campground1 elevation #e1iej feet1 is the center of visitor facilities and services4 ,the ,visitor ,center is open daily4 ,free naturalist-conducted hikes1 caravans1 and nature walks originate here4 ,informal campfire programs are presented nightly in the ,manzanita ,lake ,campground ,amphitheater from ,june through mid-,september4 ,the ,,lily ,,pond ,,self-,,guiding ,,nature ,,trail1 an easy #a-mile loop route1 starts just across the road from the ,visitor ,center4 ,it is unique in having ten species of cone-bearing trees and three species of broad-leaved trees along its short and nearly level route4 ,illustration3 ,,golden-,,mantled ,,ground ,,squirrel ,,chipmunk ,abundant wildlife1 including deer and a large variety of birds1 is found in the ,manzanita-,reflection ,lakes area4 ,the most common rodents are the golden-mantled ground squirrel and the chipmunk4 ,the ,loomis ,museum1 with a tract of #dj acres1 was given to the ,federal ,government in #aibg by ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,benjamin ,f4 ,loomis in memory of their daughter1 ,mae4 ,on this land are now located the public lodge and dining room1 curio store1 service station1 grocery store and postoffice4 ,illustration3 ,national ,park ,service logo ,the ,national ,park ,service emblem pictured here was adopted in #aiec4 ,many visitors confuse the ,park ,service 7,department of the ,interior7 with the ,forest ,service 7,department of ,agriculture74 ,briefly1 the ,national ,park ,service preserves the ,national ,parks and ,monuments in an unchanged state1 while the ,u4 ,s4 ,forest ,service operates ,national ,forests on a sustaining yield basis4 7#j4a mile7 ,illustration3 ,,jeffrey ,,pine 7cone about #e inches7 ,illustration3 ,,snowplant 7red7 ,illustration3 ,,cow ,,lily 7yellow7 #fe ,,reflection ,,lake1 elevation #e1hhj feet4 ,a few hundred feet ahead is the road to the ,reflection ,lake ,picnic ,ground4 ,there tables1 fireplaces1 and rest rooms are available for free visitor use4 ,reflection ,lake gets its name from the fine reflections of ,lassen ,peak and ,chaos ,crags to be seen in it from near the picnic ground4 ,it is an excellent place for photography1 especially in the afternoon or early evening4 ,on summer evenings nighthawks can be seen cruising over the lake1 emitting their unique harsh cries and their startling 8whoomm0 sound in flight4 ,bats on the wing also are seen in the evenings feeding on insects4 7#j4b mile7 ,illustration3 ,,brown ,,bat ,illustration3 ,,nighthawk #ff ,on the down hill side of the road is ,,manzanita ,,lake1 elevation #e1hde feet4 ,this lake is young1 formed by the ,chaos ,jumbles landslide4 ,the water level was raised a few feet in #aiab by the ,northern ,california ,power ,company1 for electric power development purposes by the construction of a small earth dam at the lake's southwest extremity4 ,like most of ,lassen's lakes1 it is well stocked with trout4 ,in the fall large numbers of waterfowl1 including ,canada geese1 stop here en route to their wintering grounds4 ,the lake derived its name from the abundance of greenleaf manzanita on its shores4 ,this shrub can be seen across the lake to the south4 7#j4b mile7 #fg ,,manzanita ,,lake ,,entrance ,,station4 ,vehicle entry permits and information may be procured daily during the summer season4 ,lovely views of ,lassen ,peak are to be had along the ,lake ,trail just a few feet from the ,entrance ,station at this end of the lake4 ,it is a fine area for taking photographs1 especially in the afternoon and early evening4 ,lassen ,peak towers #d1fbe feet above ,manzanita ,lake to an elevation of #aj1deg feet4 ,the summit notch in the #aiag crater1 and the black tongue extending down toward the right is the youngest rock in contiguous ,united ,states1 pouring out as molten1 redhot dacite lava on the night of ,may #ai1 #aiae4 ,illustration3 ,landscape #aiae ,,dacite 7,,sw ,,lava ,,flow7 #aiag ,,crater ,,steam ,,eagle ,,peak ,,ski ,,heil ,,peak ,,chaos ,,crags ,,lassen ,,peak ,,loomis ,,peak ,,manzanita ,,lake ,,auto ,,trips ,,to ,,other ,,points ,,of ,,interest #a4 ,,big ,,spring1 ,,subway ,,cave 7lava tube71 and ,,burney ,,falls ,,state ,,park1 #h1 #ad1 and #da miles respectively north of ,manzanita ,lake on ,highway ,no4 #hi4 #b4 ,,butte ,,lake ,,campground and #a-mile hike over the ,old ,emigrant ,trail to ,,cinder ,,cone 7,self-,guiding ,nature ,trail74 ,a #cj-mile drive from ,manzanita ,lake2 proceed north on ,highway ,no4 #dd for nearly #ae miles1 east1 and later south1 following the signs #ae miles to ,butte ,lake4 #c4 ,,warner ,,valley and ,,drakesbad3 ,south and east on ,highways ,no4 #hi and ,no4 #cf to ,chester1 then north and west on an oiled road #ah miles to ,drakesbad4 7,self-guiding ,nature ,trail74 #d4 ,,juniper and ,,horseshoe ,,lakes3 via dirt roads about #ah miles north from ,chester4 ,illustration3 ,loomis ,museum ,association logo ,the ,loomis ,museum ,association is a non-profit organization which is dedicated to the accumulation and dissemination of information concerning the human and natural history of ,lassen ,volcanic ,national ,park4 ,the following publications are available at the ,manzanita ,lake ,visitor ,center during the summer and at ,park ,headquarters in ,mineral all year4 ,mail orders should be addressed to ,loomis ,museum ,association1 ,mineral1 ,calif4 #ifjfc4 ,price lists are available on request4 ,,lassen--,,his ,,life ,,and ,,legacy-- ,,geology ,,of ,,lassen',s ,,landscape-- ,,pictorial ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,lassen ,,volcano-- ,,road ,,guide ,,to ,,lassen ,,volcanic ,,national ,,park-- ,,indians ,,of ,,lassen ,,volcanic ,,national ,,park ,,and ,,vicinity-- ,,birds ,,of ,,lassen ,,volcanic ,,national ,,park-- ,,flowers ,,of ,,lassen-- ,,field ,,guide ,,to ,,the ,,trees ,,and ,,shrubs ,,of ,,lassen ,,volcanic ,,national ,,park-- ,,amphibians ,,and ,,reptiles ,,of ,,lassen ,,volcanic ,,national ,,park-- ,illustration3 ,loomis ,museum ,association logo ,,ask ,,the ,,man ,,in ,,the ,,national ,,park ,,service ,,uniform ,illustration3 ,ranger ,he'll be glad to help you6 ,,be ,,proud ,,of ,,this ,,park ,as a citizen of the ,united ,states it belongs to you4 ,keep it unspoiled for your next visit and for future generations by helping to3 ,prevent forest fires4 ,protect the flowers1 the animal life1 and the rock and mineral formations4 ,keep it clean4 ,illustration3 ,loomis ,museum ,association logo 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's note3 ,a few obvious typographical errors were corrected4