,,sket* ,,( ,,! ,,sikhs2 ,a ,s+ul> ,nation1 ,,:o ,,inhabit ,,! ,,prov9ces ,,( ,,! ,,p5jab1 ,,situat$ ,,betwe5 ,! ,riv]s ,jumna & ,indus4 ,,by ,,lieut5ant-,,colonel ,,malcolm1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,political ,,sket* ,,( ,,india4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet1 ,by ,james ,moyes1 ,greville ,/reet1 ,hatton ,g>d54 #ahab4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,?is ,sket* has already appe>$ 9 ! elev5? volume ( ! ,asiatic ,rese>*es3 b1 z t valuable "w is n 9 common circulation1 x is n[ republi%$2 & may prove acceptable1 z a %ort & cle> acc\nt ( an ori5tal p1 ( s+ul> religion & mann]s1 ) ^: hi/ory ! ,european read] c be b little acqua9t$4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,! ,,sikhs4 ,,introduction4 ,:5 ) ! ,briti% army 9 ! ,p5jb1 9 #ahje1 ,i endeav\r$ to collect mat]ials t w\ld ?r[ light ^u ! hi/ory1 mann]s1 & religion ( ! ,sikhs4 ,?\gh ?is subject _h be5 treat$ by sev]al ,engli% writ]s1 none ( !m _h possess$ opportunities ( obta9+ m ?an v g5]al in=mation reg>d+ ?is extraord9>y race2 & _! n>ratives !re=e1 ?\gh m]it+ reg>d1 h s]v$ m to excite ?an to gratify curiosity4 ,9 addition to ! in=mation ,i collect$ :ile ! army cont9u$ )9 ! t]ritories ( ! ,sikhs1 & ! p]sonal obs]vations ,i 0 able to make1 dur+ t p]iod1 ^u ! cu/oms & mann]s ( t nation1 ,i succe$$ ) difficulty 9 obta9+ a copy ( ! ,ad-,grant'h#a1 & ( "s hi/orical tracts1 ! mo/ ess5tial p>ts ( :i*1 :5 ,i return$ to ,calcutta1 7 expla9$ to me by a ,sikh prie/ ( ! ,nirmala ord]1 :om ,i f\nd equally intellig5t & communicative1 & :o spoke ( ! religion & c]emonies ( 8 sect ) less re/ra9t ?an any ( 8 bre?r5 :om ,i _h met ) 9 ! ,p5jb4 ,?is sl5d] /ock ( mat]ials 0 subsequ5tly mu* enri*$ by my fri5d ,dr4 ,leyd51 :o has fav\r$ me ) a translation ( sev]al tracts writt5 by ,sikh au?ors 9 ! ,p5jb & ,dgg> dialects1 treat+ ( _! hi/ory & religion2 :i*1 ?\gh full ( t w>m imag]y :i* m>ks all ori5tal works1 & p>ticul>ly ^? ^: au?ors ent] on ! b\ndless field ( ,h9d my?ology1 conta9 ! mo/ valuable v]ifications ( ! diff]5t religi\s in/itutions ( ! ,sikh nation4 ,x 0 my fir/ int5tion to h endeav\r$ to add to ^! mat]ials1 & to h writt51 :5 ,i _h leisure1 a hi/ory ( ! ,sikhs2 b ! active nature ( my public duties has made x impossible to c>ry ?is plan into e>ly execution1 & ,i h _h ! *oice ( def]r+ x to a di/ant & unc]ta9 p]iod2 or ( giv+1 f :at ,i actually possess$1 a %ort & ha/y sket* ( _! hi/ory1 cu/oms1 & religion4 ,! latt] alt]native ,i h adopt$3 =1 al?\gh ! in=mation ,i may convey 9 su* a sket* may be v defective1 x w be useful at a mom5t :5 e in=mation reg>d+ ! ,sikhs is ( importance2 & x may1 p]haps1 /imulate & aid "s p]son1 :o has m leisure & bett] opportunities1 to accompli% t task :i* ,i once contemplat$4 ,9 compos+ ?is rapid sket* ( ! ,sikhs1 ,i h /ill _h to enc\nt] v>i\s difficulties4 ,!re is no "p ( ori5tal biography 9 :i* x is m difficult to sep>ate tru? f falsehood1 ?an t :i* relates to ! hi/ory ( religi\s impo/ors4 ,! acc\nt ( _! lives is g5]ally record$1 ei!r by devot$ disciples & w>m adh]5ts1 or by viol5t enemies & bigott$ p]secutors4 ,! =m]1 f en?usia/ic admiration1 decorate !m ) e quality & accompli%m5t t c adorn m53 ! latt] misrepres5t _! *>act]s1 & detract f all _! m]its & pret5sions4 ,?is g5]al rem>k ,i h f\nd to apply ) peculi> =ce to ! v>y+ acc\nts giv51 by ,sikh & ,muhamm$an au?ors1 ( ,nnac & 8 successors4 ,z x w\ld h be5 an endless & unpr(itable task to h ent]$ into a disquisition conc]n+ all ! po9ts 9 :i* ^! au?ors diff]1 _m consid]ations h induc$ me to give a pref]5ce1 on almo/ all occasions1 to ! orig9al ,sikh writ]s4 ,9 e rese>* into ! g5]al hi/ory ( mank9d1 x is ( ! mo/ ess5tial importance to he> :at a nation has to say ( itself2 & ! k obta9$ f su* s\rces has a value1 indep5d5t ( its hi/orical utility4 ,x aids ! promotion ( social int]c\rse1 & leads to ! e/abli%m5t ( fri5d%ip betwe5 nations4 ,! mo/ savage /ates are ^? :o h mo/ prejudices1 & :o are consequ5tly mo/ easily conciliat$ or (f5d$3 !y are always pleas$ & flatt]$1 :5 !y f9d1 t ^? :om !y _c b admit to possess sup]ior intellig5ce1 are acqua9t$ ) _! hi/ory1 & respect _! belief & usages3 &1 on ! contr>y1 !y h>dly ev] p>don an outrage aga9/ _! religion or cu/oms1 ?\gh committ$ by m5 :o h e "r to plead ! mo/ pr(\nd ignorance1 z an excuse = ! words or actions t h provok$ res5tm5t4 ,,section ,i4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,pres5t ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,sikhs2 ,,) ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,_! ,,religi\s ,,in/itutions1 ,,usages1 ,,mann]s1 ,,& ,,"*4 ,nnac ,%h1 ! f\nd] ( ! sect1 s9ce di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,sikhs#b1 0 born 9 ! ye> ( ,*ri/ #adfi1 at a small village call$ ,talw&i#c1 9 ! di/rict ( ,bhatti1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,lahore4 ,8 fa!r1 ^: "n 0 ,cl#d1 0 ( ! ,c%atrya ca/1 & ,vd tribe ( ,h9ds1 & _h no family except ,nnac1 & 8 si/] ,nnaci1 :o m>ri$ a ,h9d ( ! "n ( ,jay>m1 t 0 employ$ z a gra9-factor by ,daulet ,khn ,ld1 a relation ( ! reign+ emp]or ( ,delhi4 ,nnac 01 agreeably to ! usage ( ! tribe 9 :i* he 0 born1 m>ri$ to a woman ( respectable family1 at an e>ly age#e1 by :om he _h two sons1 nam$ ,sr*& & ,lac%m ,ds4 ,! =m]1 :o ab&on$ ! vanities ( ! _w1 _h a son call$ ,dh]m ,*&1 :o f\nd$ ! sect ( ,uds2 & 8 desc5dants are yet kn[n by ! "n ( ,nnac ,putrh1 or ! *ildr5 ( ,nnac4 ,lac%m ,ds addict$ himself to ! pleasures ( ?is _w1 & left nei!r heirs nor reputation4 ,nnac is /at$1 by all ,sikh writ]s1 to h be51 f 8 *ildhood1 incl9$ to devotion2 & ! indiff]5ce :i* ?is feel+ creat$ t[>ds all worldly conc]ns1 appe>s to h be5 a s\rce ( cont9ual uneas9ess to 8 fa!r2 :o endeav\r$1 by e ef=t1 to div]t 8 m9d f ! religi\s turn :i* x _h tak54 ,) a view to effect ?is object1 he "o day gave ,nnac a sum ( money1 to pur*ase salt at "o village1 9 ord] to sell x at ano!r2 9 ! hope ( entic+ him to bus9ess1 by all[+ him to ta/e ! sweets ( comm]cial pr(it4 ,nnac 0 pleas$ ) ! s*eme1 took ! money1 & proce$$1 accompani$ by a s]vant ( ! "n ( ,bla1 ( ! tribe ( ,s&'h1 t[>ds ! village :]e he 0 to make 8 pur*ase4 ,he happ5$1 h[ev]1 on ! road1 to fall 9 ) "s ,fakrs1 7holy m5dicants17 ) :om he wi%$ to comm5ce a conv]sation2 b !y 7 s weak1 f want ( victuals1 :i* !y _h n ta/$ = ?ree days1 t !y c\ld only reply to ! obs]vations ( ,nnac by b5d+ _! heads1 & o!r civil signs ( acquiesc5ce4 ,nnac1 affect$ by _! situation1 said to 8 companion1 ) emotion3 ,my fa!r has s5t me to deal 9 salt1 ) a view to pr(it2 b ! ga9 ( ?is _w is un/able1 & pr(itless2 my wi% is to relieve ^! poor m51 & to obta9 t ga9 :i* is p]man5t & et]nal4 ,8 companion#f repli$3 ,?y resolution is good3 d n delay its execution4 ,nnac imm$iately di/ribut$ 8 money among ! hungry ,fakrs2 :o1 aft] !y _h ga9$ /r5g? f ! refre%m5t :i* x obta9$ !m1 ent]$ into a long disc\rse ) him on ! unity ( ,god1 ) :i* he 0 mu* delight$4 ,he return$ next day to 8 fa!r1 :o dem&$ :at pr(it he _h made8 ,i h f$ ! poor1 said ,nnac1 & h obta9$ t ga9 = y :i* w endure = ev]4 ,z ! fa!r happ5$ to h little value = ! species ( weal? :i* ! son _h acquir$1 he 0 enrag$ at hav+ 8 money s fruitlessly wa/$1 abus$ poor ,nnac1 & ev5 /ruck him2 nor c\ld ! mild repres5tations ( ,nnac save h] bro!r f ! viol5ce ( p>5tal res5tm5t4 ,=tune1 h[ev]1 accord+ to ! ,sikh n>rators ( ?is anecdote ( _! tea*]'s e>ly life1 _h rais$ him a p[]ful protector1 :o n only rescu$ him f puni%m5t1 b e/abli%$ 8 fame & respectability ^u gr\nds t at once put him above all fe> ( future bad usage f 8 l[-m9d$ & sordid fa!r4 ,:5 ,nnac 0 q a y\?1 & employ$ to t5d cattle 9 ! fields1 he happ5$ to repose himself "o day "u ! %ade ( a tree2 &1 z ! sun decl9$ t[>ds ! we/1 its rays fell on 8 face1 :5 a l>ge black snake#g1 advanc+ to ! spot :]e he lay1 rais$ itself f ! gr\nd1 & int]pos$ its spread hood betwe5 ,nnac & ! sun's rays4 ,ry ,bol>#h1 ! rul] ( ! di/rict1 0 pass+ ! road1 ne> ! place :]e ,nnac slept1 & m>k$1 9 sil5ce1 ?\gh n )\t reflection1 ?is unequivocal sign ( 8 future greatness4 ,?is *ief ov]he>d ,cl puni%+ 8 son = 8 k9dness to ! ,fakrs4 ,he imm$iately ent]$1 & dem&$ ! cause ( ! upro>2 &1 :5 in=m$ ( ! circum/ances1 he sev]ely *id ,cl = 8 conduct1 & int]dict$ him f ev] aga9 lift+ 8 h& to ,nnac1 be=e :om1 to ! a/oni%m5t ( all pres5t1 he humbl$ himself ) e m>k ( ! mo/ pr(\nd v5]ation4 ,?\gh ,cl1 f ?is ev5t1 0 oblig$ to treat 8 son ) m respect ?an =m]ly1 he rema9$ z solicit\s z ev] to deta* him f 8 religi\s habits1 & to fix him 9 "s worldly occupation2 & he prevail$ ^u ,jayrm1 8 son-9-law1 to admit him into p>tn]%ip 9 8 bus9ess4 ,nnac1 oblig$ to acquiesce 9 ^! s*emes1 att5d$ at ! gran>y ( ,daulet ,khn ,ld1 :i* 0 9 *>ge ( ,jayrm2 b ?\gh 8 h&s 7 employ$ 9 ?is "w1 & 8 k9dness ( mann] made all ! inhabitants ( ,sultnpr1 :]e ! gran>y 0 e/abli%$1 8 fri5ds1 yet 8 he>t nev] /ray$ = "o mom5t f its object4 ,x 0 incessantly fix$ on ! ,div9ity2 & "o morn+1 z he sat 9 a contemplative po/ure1 a holy ,muhamm$an ,fakr approa*$1 & exclaim$3 ,oh ,nnac6 ^u :at are ?y ?\ghts n[ employ$8 ,quit su* occupations1 t ?\ maye/ obta9 ! inh]itance ( et]nal weal?4 ,nnac is said to h />t$ up at ?is exclamation1 & aft] look+ = a mom5t 9 ! face ( ! ,fakr1 he fell into a trance2 f :i* he _h no soon] recov]$1 ?an he imm$iately di/ribut$ e ?+ 9 ! gran>y among ! poor#i3 &1 aft] ?is act1 proce$$ ) l\d %\ts out ( ! gates ( ! city1 & runn+ into a pool ( wat]1 rema9$ !re ?ree days2 dur+ :i* "s writ]s ass]t he _h an int]view ) ! prophet ,elias1 t]m$ by ! ,muhamm$ans1 ,khizz]1 f :om he le>nt all e>?ly sci5ces4 ,:ile ,nnac rema9$ 9 ! pool1 ab/ract$ f all worldly consid]ations1 hold+ conv]se ) a prophet1 poor ,jayrm 0 put 9 prison by ,daulet ,khn ,ld1 on ! *>ge ( hav+ dissipat$ 8 prop]ty4 ,nnac1 h[ev]1 return$1 & told ,daulet ,khn t ,jayrm 0 faultless2 t he 0 ! object ( puni%m5t2 & t1 z su*1 he held himself ready to r5d] ! /ricte/ acc\nt ( all he _h lo/4 ,! ,khn accept$ 8 proposal3 ,jayrm's acc\nts 7 settl$2 &1 to ! surprise ( all1 a balance 0 f\nd 9 8 fav\r2 on :i* he 0 n only releas$1 b re9/at$ 9 ! employm5t & fav\r ( 8 ma/]4 ,we are told1 by ! ,sikh au?ors1 t ^! wond]ful actions increas$ ! fame ( ,nnac 9 a v great degree2 & t he began1 f ?is p]iod1 to practise all ! au/]ities ( a holy man2 &1 by 8 frequ5t ab/raction 9 ! contemplation ( ! div9e ,be+1 & 8 ab/95ce & virtue1 he soon acquir$ great celebrity ?r\gh all ! c\ntries into :i* he travell$4 ,!re are _m extravagant acc\nts reg>d+ ! travels ( ,nnac4 ,"o au?or#aj1 :o treats ( ! great re=m :i* he made 9 ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god1 :i* he f\nd degrad$ by ! idolatry ( ! ,h9ds1 & ! ignorance ( ! ,muhamm$ans1 relates 8 j\rney to all ! diff]5t ,h9d places ( pilgrimage1 & to ,mecca1 ! holy temple ( ! ,muhamm$ans4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s1 & =eign to ! purpose ( ?is sket*1 to accompany ,nnac 9 8 travels1 ( :i* ! above-m5tion$ au?or1 z well z o!rs1 has giv5 ! mo/ circum/antial acc\nts4 ,he 0 accompani$ 7agreeable to !m7 by a celebrat$ musician1 ( ! "n ( ,m]dan1 & a p]son nam$ ,bla ,s&'h2 & x is on ! tradition ( ! latt] ( ^! disciples1 t mo/ ( ! miracles#aa & wond]s ( 8 j\rnies are relat$4 ,9 ,b5gal1 ! travell]s _h to enc\nt] all k9ds ( sorc]]s & magicians4 ,poor ,m]dan1 :o _h "s ( ! prop5sities ( ,san*o1 & pref]r$ w>m h\ses & good meals to des]ts & />vation1 0 con/antly 9 tr\ble1 & m ?an once _h 8 =m *ang$ into t ( a %eep1 & ( sev]al o!r animals4 ,nnac1 h[ev]1 always re/or$ 8 humble fri5d to ! human %ape1 & z con/antly read him lectures on 8 imprud5ce4 ,x is /at$1 9 "o ( ^? acc\nts1 t a ,rj ( ,sivanb'hu endeav\r$ to tempt ,nnac1 by (f]+ him all ! luxuries ( ! _w1 to dep>t f 8 au/]e habits1 b 9 va94 ,8 pres5ts ( ri* meats1 spl5did clo!s1 & fair ladies1 only af=d$ ! ,sikh tea*] s _m opportunities ( decry+ ! vanities ( ?is _w1 & prea*+ to ! ,rj ! bless+s ( et]nal life2 & he at la/ succe$$ 9 mak+ him a conv]t1 & resid$ at ,sivanb'hu two ye>s & five mon?s2 dur+ :i* p]iod he compos$ ! ,prn ,sancali#ab1 = ! in/ruction ( 8 foll[]s4 ,aft] ,nnac _h visit$ all ! cities ( ,india1 & expla9$ to all ranks ! great doctr9es ( ! unity & omnipres5ce ( ,god1 he w5t to ,mecca & ,m$9a1 :]e 8 actions1 8 miracles1 & 8 long disputations ) ! mo/ celebrat$ ,muhamm$an sa9ts & doctors1 are mo/ circum/antially record$ by 8 biograph]s4 ,he is /at$1 on ?is occasion1 to h ma9ta9$ 8 own pr9ciples1 )\t (f5d+ ^? ( o!rs2 always pr(ess+ himself ! enemy ( discord1 & z hav+ no object b to reconcile ! two fai?s ( ! ,muhamm$ans & ,h9ds 9 "o religion2 :i* he endeav\r$ to d by recall+ !m to t great & orig9al t5et1 9 :i* !y bo? believ$1 ! unity ( ,god1 & by reclaim+ !m f ! num]\s errors into :i* !y _h fall54 ,dur+ 8 travels1 ,nnac 0 introduc$ to ! emp]or ,bb]#ac1 be=e :om he is said to h def5d$ 8 doctr9e ) great firmness & eloqu5ce4 ,bb] 0 pleas$ ) him1 & ord]$ an ample ma9t5ance to be be/[$ ^u him2 :i* ! ,sikh prie/ refus$2 obs]v+1 t he tru/$ 9 him :o provid$ = all m51 & f :om alone a man ( virtue & religion w\ld cons5t to receive fav\r or rew>d4 ,:5 ,nnac return$ f 8 travels1 he ca/ (f ! g>m5ts ( a ,fakr1 & wore pla9 clo!s1 b cont9u$ to give in/ructions to 8 num]\s disciples2 & he appe>s1 at ?is p]iod1 to h exp]i5c$ ! mo/ viol5t opposition f ! ,h9d zealots1 :o reproa*$ him ) hav+ laid aside ! habits ( a ,fakr1 & ) ! impiety ( ! doctr9es :i* he taught4 ,^! accusations he treat$ ) great contempt2 & an au?or1 be=e cit$1 ,bhai ,gr ,ds ,vali1 /ates1 t :5 he visit$ ,vatla1 he enrag$ ! ,ygsw>as#ad s mu*1 t !y tri$ all _! p[]s ( en*antm5t to t]rify him4 ,"s1 says ?is writ]1 assum$ ! %ape ( lions & tig]s1 o!rs hiss$ l snakes1 "o fell 9 a %[] ( fire1 & ano!r tore ! />s f ! firmam5t2 b ,nnac rema9$ tranquil3 & :5 requir$ to exhibit "s pro( ( 8 p[]s t w\ld a/oni% !m1 he repli$3 ,i h no?+ to exhibit wor?y ( y to behold4 ,a holy tea*] has no def5ce b ! purity ( 8 doctr9e3 ! _w may *ange1 b ! ,creator is un*angeable4 ,^! words1 adds ! au?or1 caus$ ! miracles & en*antm5ts ( ! ,ygsw>as to cease1 & !y all fell at ! feet ( ! humble ,nnac1 :o 0 protect$ by ! all p]fect ,god4 ,nnac1 accord+ to ! same au?ority1 w5t f ,vatla to ,multn1 :]e he commun$ ) ! ,prs1 or holy fa!rs ( ! ,muhamm$an religion ( t c\ntry4 ,i am come1 said he1 :5 he ent]$ t prov9ce1 into a c\ntry full ( ,prs1 l ! sacr$ ,gang1 visit+ ! ocean4 ,f ,multn he w5t to ,krtipr#ae1 :]e he ?rew (f 8 e>?ly %ape1 & 0 buri$ ne> ! bank ( ! riv] ,rvi1 :i* has s9ce ov]fl[$ 8 tomb4 ,krtipr cont9ues a place ( religi\s resort & wor%ip2 & a small piece ( ,nnac's g>m5t is exhibit$ to pilgrims1 z a sacr$ relic1 at 8 ,dh>masl1 or temple4 ,x w\ld be difficult to give ! "* ( ,nnac#af on ! au?ority ( any acc\nt we yet possess4 ,8 writ+s1 especially ! fir/ *apt]s ( ! ,ad-,grant'h1 w1 if ev] translat$1 be p]haps a crit]ion by :i* he may be fairly judg$2 b ! great em95ce :i* he obta9$1 & ! success ) :i* he combat$ ! opposition :i* he met1 af=d ample reason to conclude t he 0 a man ( m ?an common g5ius3 & ?is fav\rable impression ( 8 "* w be confirm$ by a consid]ation ( ! object ( 8 life1 & ! means he took to accompli% x4 ,born 9 a prov9ce on ! extreme v]ge ( ,india1 at ! v po9t :]e ! religion ( ,muhamm$ & ! idolatr\s wor%ip ( ! ,h9ds appe>$ to t\*1 & at a mom5t :5 bo? ^! tribes *]i%$ ! mo/ viol5t ranc\r & animosity t[>ds ea* o!r1 8 great aim 0 to bl5d ^? j>r+ elem5ts 9 peaceful union1 & he only endeav\r$ to effect ?is purpose ?r\gh ! means ( mild p]suasion4 ,8 wi% 0 to recall bo? ,muhamm$ans & ,h9ds to an exclusive att5tion to t sublime/ ( all pr9ciples1 :i* inculcates devotion to ,god1 & peace t[>ds man4 ,he _h to combat ! furi\s bigotry ( ! "o1 & ! deep-root$ sup]/ition ( ! o!r2 b he attempt$ to ov]come all ob/acles by ! =ce ( reason & humanity4 ,& we _c h a m conv9c+ pro( ( ! g5]al "* ( t doctr9e :i* he taught1 & ! in(f5sive light 9 :i* x 0 view$1 ?an ! k t its success did n r\se ! bigotry ( ! intol]ant & tyrannical ,muhamm$an gov]nm5t "u :i* he liv$4 ,nnac did n deem ei!r ( 8 sons1 be=e m5tion$1 wor?y ( ! succession to 8 spiritual functions1 :i* he bequea!d to a ,c%atrya ( ! ,trhn tribe1 call$ ,lehana1 :o _h long be5 atta*$ to him1 & :om he _h initiat$ 9 ! sacr$ my/]ies ( 8 sect1 clo!d 9 ! holy mantle ( a ,fakr1 & hon\r$ ) ! "n ( ,angad#ag1 :i*1 accord+ to "s comm5tators1 means own body4 ,gr ,angad1 = t is ! "n by :i* he is kn[n by all ,sikhs1 0 born at ! village ( ,kh&r1 on ! bank ( ! ,byah1 or ,hyphasis1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,lahore4 ,8 life does n appe> to h be5 di/+ui%$ by any rem>kable actions4 ,he taught ! same doctr9e z ,nnac1 & wrote "s *apt]s t n[ =m "p ( ! ,grant'h4 ,he left two sons1 ,vsu & ,dtu1 b nei!r ( !m 0 initiat$2 & he 0 succe$$1 at 8 dea?#ah1 :i* happ5$ 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #aeeb1 & ( ! ,samvat #afji1 by ,am]a ,ds1 a ,c%atrya ( ! tribe ( ,b'hal1 :o p]=m$ ! duties ( a m5ial t[>ds him = upw>ds ( twelve ye>s4 ,x is /at$1 t ! daily occupation ( ,am]a ,ds 0 to br+ wat] f ! ,byah riv]1 a di/ance ( six miles1 to wa% ! feet ( 8 ma/]2 & t "o night1 dur+ a sev]e /orm1 z he 0 return+ f 8 j\rney1 8 foot slipp$1 & he fell & broke ! vessel t conta9$ ! riv] wat]1 opposite ! door ( a weav]1 :o liv$ next h\se to ,angad4 ,! weav]1 />tl$ at ! noise1 dem&$1 9 a l\d voice1 ( 8 wife1 f :5ce x proce$$4 ,! woman1 :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! daily toils & ! devotion ( ,angad's s]vant1 repli$1 ,x 0 poor ,am]a ,ds1 :o kn[s nei!r ! sweets ( sleep by night1 nor ( re/ by day4 ,?is conv]sation 0 ov]he>d by ,angad2 & :5 ,am]a ,ds came1 next morn+1 to p]=m 8 usual duties1 he treat$ him ) extraord9>y k9dness1 & said3 ,y h endur$ great lab\r2 b1 h5ce=w>d1 enjoy re/4 ,am]a ,ds 0 di/+ui%$ = 8 activity 9 prea*+ ! t5ets ( ,nnac1 & 0 v successful 9 obta9+ conv]ts & foll[]s2 by ! aid ( :om he e/abli%$ "s temporal p[]1 built ,kuj>wl1 & sep>at$ f ! regul> ,sikhs ! ,uds sect1 :i* 0 f\nd$ by ,dh]m-,*&1 ! son ( ,nnac1 & 0 probably consid]$1 at t p]iod1 z h]etical4 ,am]a ,ds _h two *ildr51 a son nam$ ,mhan1 & a daught] nam$ ,mhani1 kn[n by ! "n ( ,b'hini2 reg>d+ ^: m>riage he is /at$ to h be5 v anxi\s3 & z ?is ev5t gave rise to a dyna/y ( lead]s1 :o are almo/ ador$ among ! ,sikhs1 x is record$ ) mu* m9ut5ess by ! writ]s ( t nation4 ,am]a ,ds _h communicat$ 8 wi%es1 reg>d+ ! m>riage ( ,b'hini1 to a ,brhm51 :o 0 8 head s]vant1 & direct$ him to make "s inquiries4 ,! ,brhm5 did s1 & report$ to 8 ma/] t he _h be5 successful1 & _h f\nd a y\? e way suit$ to be ! husb& ( 8 daught]4 ,z !y 7 speak+ ^u ?is subject 9 ! /reet1 ,am]a ,ds ask$ :at 0 ! boy's /ature8 ,ab\t ! same height z t lad1 said ! ,brhm51 po9t+ to a y\? /&+ ne> !m4 ,! att5tion ( ,am]a ,ds 0 in/antly )drawn f ! ,brhm51 & int5tly fix$ ^u ! y\? to :om he _h po9t$4 ,he ask$ him reg>d+ 8 tribe1 8 "n1 & 8 family4 ,! lad said 8 "n 0 ,rm ,ds1 & t he 0 a ,c%atrya1 ( a respectable family1 ( ! ,sndi tribe1 & an inhabitant ( ! village ( ,gndawl4 ,am]a ,ds1 pleas$ ) ! in=mation he _h receiv$1 took no m notice ( ! ,brhm5 & 8 *oice ( a son-9-law1 b gave 8 daught] to ! y\? :om =tune _h s casually introduc$ to 8 acqua9tance#ai4 ,am]a ,ds di$ 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #aegd1 & ( ! ,samvat #afca1 at ! village ( ,gndawl1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,lahore1 & 0 succe$$ by 8 son-9-law1 ,rm ,ds#bj1 :om he _h initiat$ 9 ! sacr$ my/]ies ( 8 holy pr(ession1 & :o became fam\s = 8 piety1 & /ill m f ! improvem5ts he made at ,amrits>1 :i* 0 = "s "t call$ ,rmpr1 or ,rmdspr1 aft] him4 ,"s ,sikh au?orities ascribe ! f\ndation ( ?is city to him1 :i* is n correct1 z x 0 a v anci5t t[n1 kn[n =m]ly "u ! "n ( ,*ak4 ,he1 h[ev]1 add$ mu* to its population1 & built a fam\s tank1 or res]voir ( wat]1 :i* he call$ ,amrits>1 a "n signify+ ! wat] ( immortality1 & :i* has become s sacr$1 t x has giv5 its "n1 & imp>t$ its sanctity1 to ! t[n ( ,rmdspr1 :i* has become ! sacr$ city ( ! ,sikh nation1 & is n[ only kn[n by ! "n ( ,amrits>4 ,aft] a life pass$ 9 ! undi/urb$ propagation ( 8 t5ets1 9 explanation ( :i* he wrote sev]al works1 he di$1 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #aeha1 & ( ! ,samvat #afch1 at ,amrits>1 leav+ two sons1 ,arjunmal & ,bh>atmal4 ,he 0 succe$$ by ! =m]#ba1 :o has r5d]$ himself fam\s by compil+ ! ,ad-,grant'h#bb4 ,! ,ad-,grant'h1 or fir/ sacr$ volume ( ! ,sikhs1 conta9s n9ety-two sections3 x 0 p>tly compos$ by ,nnac & 8 imm$iate successors1 b receiv$ its pres5t =m & arrangem5t f ,arjunmal#bc1 :o has bl5d$ 8 own additions ) :at he deem$ mo/ valuable 9 ! compositions ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,x is ,arjun1 !n1 :o ought1 f ?is act1 to be deem$ ! fir/ :o gave consi/5t =m & ord] to ! religion ( ! ,sikhs3 an act :i*1 ?\gh x has produc$ ! effect he wi%$1 ( unit+ t nation m closely1 & ( increas+ _! numb]s1 prov$ fatal to himself4 ,! jeal\sy ( ! ,muhamm$an gov]nm5t 0 excit$1 & he 0 made its sacrifice4 ,! mode ( 8 dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 ! ye> ( ,*ri/ #afjf1 & ( ! ,samvat #affc1 is relat$ v diff]5tly by diff]5t au?orities3 b sev]al ( ! mo/ respectable agree 9 /at+1 t 8 m>tyrdom1 = su* !y t]m x1 0 caus$ by ! active hatr$ ( a rival ,h9d zealot1 ,dan*& ,c%atrya1 ^: writ+s he refus$ to admit into ! ,ad-,grant'h1 on ! gr\nd t ! t5ets inculcat$ 9 !m 7 irreconcileable to ! pure doctr9e ( ! unity & omnipot5ce ( ,god1 taught 9 t sacr$ volume4 ,?is rival _h suffici5t influ5ce ) ! ,muhamm$an gov]nor ( ! prov9ce to procure ! imprisonm5t ( ,arjun2 :o is affirm$1 by "s writ]s1 to h di$ f ! sev]ity ( 8 conf9em5t2 &1 by o!rs1 to h be5 put to dea? 9 ! mo/ cruel mann]4 ,9 :atev] way 8 life 0 t]m9at$1 !re c be no d\bt1 f its consequ5ces1 t x 0 consid]$1 by 8 foll[]s1 z an atroci\s murd]1 committ$ by ! ,muhamm$an gov]nm5t2 & ! ,sikhs1 :o _h be51 till !n1 an in(f5sive1 peaceable sect1 took arms "u ,h> ,gv9d1 ! son ( ,arjunmal1 & wreak$ _! v5geance ^u all :om !y ?\ght conc]n$ 9 ! dea? ( _! rev]$ prie/4 ,! conte/ c>ri$ on by ,h> ,gv9d aga9/ ! ,muhamm$an *iefs 9 ! ,p5jb1 ?\gh no d\bt m>k$ by t animosity :i* spr+s f a deep & implacable s5se ( injury on "o "p1 & ! insol5ce & viol5ce ( insult$ p[] on ! o!r1 c\ld n h be5 ( great magnitude or importance1 else x w\ld h be5 m notic$ by contempor>y ,muhamm$an writ]s2 b x 0 ! fir/ fruits ( t desp]ate _s ( ho/ility1 :i* 0 soon aft] to di/+ui% ! w>s betwe5 ! foll[]s ( ,nnac & ^? ( ,muhamm$3 &1 f e acc\nt ( ,h> ,gv9d's life1 x appe>s to h be5 8 anxi\s wi% to inspire 8 foll[]s ) ! mo/ irreconcileable hatr$ ( _! oppressors4 ,x is /at$1 t ?is w>like#bd ,gr1 or prie/ militant1 wore two swords 9 8 girdle4 ,be+ ask$ :y he did s3 ,! "o1 said he1 is to rev5ge ! dea? ( my fa!r2 ! o!r1 to de/roy ! miracles ( ,muhamm$4 ,h> ,gv9d is reput$1 by "s au?ors1 to h be5 ! fir/ :o all[$ 8 foll[]s to eat#be ! fle% ( all animals1 ) ! exception ( ! c[3 & x appe>s n improbable t he made ?is great *ange 9 _! diet at ! "t :5 he effect$ a /ill m rem>kable revolution 9 _! habits1 by conv]t+ a race ( peaceable en?usia/s into an intrepid b& ( soldi]s#bf4 ,he _h five sons1 ,bb ,grdaitya1 ,saurat ,s+h1 ,tgh ,bahdur1 ,anna ,ry1 & ,atal ,ry4 ,! two la/ di$ )\t desc5dants4 ,saurat ,s+h & ,tgh ,s+h1 or ,tgh ,bahdur1 71 by ! cruel p]secution ( ! ,muhamm$ans1 =c$ to fly into ! m\nta9s to ! nor?w>d ( ! ,p5jb4 ,8 elde/ son1 ,gurudatya1 di$ e>ly1 b left two sons1 ,dh>mal & ,h> ,ry2 ! latt] ( :om succe$$ 8 gr&fa!r1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #afdd1 & ( ! ,samvat #agja4 ,x does n appe> t ,h> ,ry enjoy$ mu* temporal p[]1 or t he ent]$ into any ho/ilities ) ! ,muhamm$ans3 8 rule 0 tranquil1 & pass$ )\t any rem>kable ev5t2 ow+1 probably1 to ! vigor :i* ! ,muhamm$an p[] _h atta9$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! reign ( ,aurungzb4 ,at 8 dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #affa1 & ( ! ,samvat #agah1 a viol5t conte/ arose among ! ,sikhs1 reg>d+ ! succession to ! (fice ( spiritual lead]2 = ! temporal p[] ( _! rul] 01 at ?is p]iod1 little m ?an nom9al4 ,! dispute betwe5 8 sons1 or1 z "s ,sikh au?ors /ate1 8 son & gr&son1 ,h> ,cri%n & ,rm ,ry1 0 ref]r$ to ,dehli1 :i!r bo? p>ties w5t2 &1 by an imp]ial decree ( ,aurungzb1 ! ,sikhs 7 all[$ to elect _! own prie/4 ,!y *ose ,h> ,cri%n1 :o di$ at ,dehli 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #affd1 & ( ! ,samvat #agba2 & 0 succe$$ by 8 uncle1 ,tgh ,behdur4 ,he1 h[ev]1 _h to enc\nt] ! mo/ viol5t opposition f 8 nephew1 ,rm ,ry#bg1 :o rema9$ at ,dehli1 & endeav\r$1 by e art & intrigue1 to effect 8 ru93 he 0 seiz$1 & br\ght to ,dehli1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 nephew's misrepres5tations2 &1 aft] be+ 9 prison = two ye>s1 0 releas$ at ! int]cession ( ,jayas+h1 ,rj ( ,jayapr1 :om he accompani$ to ,b5gal4 ,tgh ,behdur aft]w>ds took up 8 abode at ! city ( ,patna#bh2 b 0 pursu$1 agreeable to ,sikh au?ors1 to 8 retreat1 ) implacable ranc\r1 by ! jeal\sy & ambition ( ,rm ,ry2 :o at la/ accompli%$ ! de/ruction ( 8 rival4 ,he 0 br\ght f ,patna1 &1 by ! acc\nts ( ! same au?ors1 publicly put to dea?1 )\t ev5 ! allegation ( a crime1 beyond a firm & undaunt$ ass]tion ( ! tru? ( t fai? ( :i* he 0 ! high prie/4 ,?is ev5t is said to h tak5 place 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #afge1 & ( ! ,samvat #agcb3 b ! ,sikh records ( _! own hi/ory1 f ! dea? ( ,h> ,gv9d to t ( ,tgh ,behdur1 are contradictory & unsatisfactory1 & appe> to m]it little att5tion4 ,! fact is1 t ! sect 0 almo/ cru%$1 9 consequ5ce ( _! fir/ ef=t to atta9 p[]1 "u ,h> ,gv9d2 &1 f ! p]iod ( 8 dea? to t ( ,tgh ,behdur1 ! ,mogul empire 01 z has be5 be=e /at$1 9 ! z5i? ( its p[]1 "u ,aurungzb3 & ! ,sikhs1 :o _h nev] atta9$ any real /r5g?1 7 r5d]$ /ill weak] by _! own int]nal diss5sions4 ,_! writ]s h endeav\r$ to supply ?is *asm 9 _! hi/ory by a fabul\s acc\nt ( ! num]\s miracles :i* 7 wr\ght by _! prie/s1 ,rm ,ry1 ,h> ,cri%n1 & ev5 ! un=tunate ,tgh ,behdur1 at ,delhi1 all ( :om are said to h a/oni%$ ! emp]or & 8 nobles1 by a display ( _! sup]natural p[]s3 b _! wide diff]5ce f ea* o!r1 9 ^! relations1 w\ld prove1 if any pro( 0 want+1 t all ! annals ( t p]iod are fabricat$4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,sikhs1 aft] ! dea? ( ,tgh ,behdur1 assumes a new aspect4 ,x is no long] ! record ( a sect1 :o1 rev]+ ! conciliatory & mild t5ets ( _! f\nd]1 desir$ m to protect !mselves ?an to injure o!rs2 b t ( a nation1 :o1 add+ to a deep s5se ( ! injuries !y _h su/a9$ f a bigott$ & ov]be>+ gov]nm5t1 all ! ard\r ( m5 comm5c+ a milit>y c>e] ( glory1 li/5$1 ) rapture1 to a son gl[+ ) v5geance aga9/ ! murd]]s ( 8 fa!r1 :o taught a doctr9e suit$ to ! tr\bl$ /ate ( 8 m9d1 & call$ ^u 8 foll[]s1 by e feel+ ( manhood1 to lay aside _! peaceable habits1 to graft ! resolute c\rage ( ! soldi] on ! en?usia/ic fai? ( ! devotee1 to swe> et]nal w> ) ! cruel & haughty ,muhamm$ans1 & to devote !mselves to /eel1 z ! only means ( obta9+ e bless+ t ?is _w1 or t to come1 c\ld af=d to mortals4 ,?is 0 ! doctr9e ( ,gr ,gv9d1 ! son ( ,tgh ,behdur2 :o1 ?\gh v "y at 8 fa!r's dea?1 _h 8 m9d imbu$ ) ! deepe/ horror at t ev5t1 & *]i%$ a _s ( implacable res5tm5t aga9/ ^? :om he consid]$ z 8 murd]]s4 ,devot+ 8 life to ?is object1 we f9d him1 :5 q a y\?1 at ! head ( a l>ge p>ty ( 8 foll[]s1 amid ! hills ( ,srnag>1 :]e he gave pro(s ( t ard5t & d>+ m9d1 :i* aft]w>ds rais$ him to su* em95ce4 ,he 0 n1 h[ev]1 able to ma9ta9 himself aga9/ ! pr9ce ( t c\ntry1 ) :om he _h ent]$ into ho/ilities2 &1 be+ oblig$ to leave x1 he w5t to ! ,p5jb1 :]e he 0 w>mly welcom$ by a ,h9d *ief 9 rebellion aga9/ ! gov]nm5t4 ,?is *ief gave ,gv9d possession ( ,mk'havl#bi1 & sev]al o!r villages1 :]e he settl$ ) 8 foll[]s1 & repaid 8 b5efactor by aid+ him 9 8 depr$ations4 ,gv9d appe>s1 at ?is mom5t1 to h be5 univ]sally ackn[l$g$ by ! ,sikhs1 z _! ,sat-gr1 or *ief spiritual lead]2 & he us$ ! influ5ce :i* t /ation1 8 suff]+s1 & ! popul>ity ( 8 cause1 gave him1 to effect a complete *ange 9 ! habits & religion ( 8 c\ntrym5#cj4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s & useless to foll[ ! ,sikh writ]s ?r\gh ^? volumes ( fables 9 :i* !y h n>rat$ ! wond]s t progno/icat$ ! rise ( ?is1 ! mo/ rev]$ ( all _! prie/s1 to p[]2 or to ent]1 at any l5g?1 into ^? acc\nts :i* !y1 & ,gv9d himself1 = he is equally celebrat$ z an au?or & z a w>rior1 h giv5 ( 8 exploits4 ,x w be suffici5t1 = ! purpose ( ?is sket*1 to /ate ! ess5tial *anges :i* he effect$ 9 8 tribe1 & ! consequ5ces ( 8 innovations4 ,?\gh ! ,sikhs _h already1 "u ,h> ,gv9d1 be5 initiat$ 9 arms1 yet !y appe> to h us$ ^! only 9 self-def5ce3 & z e tribe ( ,h9ds1 f ! ,brhm5 to ! l[e/ ( ! ,sdra1 may1 9 cases ( necessity1 use !m )\t any infr+em5t ( ! orig9al in/itutions ( _! tribe1 no violation ( ^! in/itutions 0 caus$ by ! rules ( ,nnac2 :i*1 fram$ ) a view to conciliation1 c>efully ab/a9$ f all int]f]5ce ) ! civil in/itutes ( ! ,h9ds4 ,b 8 m d>+ successor1 ,gr ,gv9d1 saw t su* obs]vances 7 at v>iance ) ! plans ( 8 l(ty ambition2 & he wisely judg$1 t ! only means by :i* he c\ld ev] hope to oppose ! ,muhamm$an gov]nm5t ) success1 7 n only to admit conv]ts f all tribes1 b to break1 at once1 ^? rules by :i* ! ,h9ds _h be5 s long *a9$2 to arm1 9 %ort1 ! :ole population ( ! c\ntry1 & to make worldly weal? & rank an object to :i* ,h9ds1 ( e class1 might aspire4 ,! ext5t to :i* ,gv9d succe$$ 9 ?is design w be m fully notic$ 9 ano!r place4 ,x is "h only necess>y to /ate ! lead+ features ( ^? *anges by :i* he subv]t$1 9 s %ort a "t1 ! ho>y in/itutions ( ,brahm#ca1 & excit$ t]ror & a/oni%m5t 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,muhamm$an conqu]ors ( ,india1 :o saw ! religi\s prejudices ( ! ,h9ds1 :i* !y _h calculat$ ^u z "o ( ! pill>s ( _! safety1 because !y limit$ ! great majority ( ! population to peaceable occupations1 fall be=e ! t\* ( a bold & en?usia/ic innovator1 :o op5$ at once1 to m5 ( ! l[e/ tribe#cb1 ! dazzl+ prospect ( e>?ly glory4 ,all :o subscrib$ to 8 t5ets 7 ^u a level1 & ! ,brhm5 :o ent]$ 8 sect _h no high] claims to em95ce ?an ! l[e/ ,sdra :o swept 8 h\se4 ,x 0 ! object ( ,gv9d to make all ,sikhs equal#cc1 & t _! advancem5t %\ld solely dep5d ^u _! ex]tions3 & well aw>e h[ necess>y x 0 to inspire m5 ( a l[ race1 & ( grovel+ m9ds1 ) pride 9 !mselves1 he *ang$ ! "n ( 8 foll[]s f ,sikh to ,s+h1 or lion2 ?us giv+ to all 8 foll[]s t hon\rable title :i* _h be5 be=e exclusively assum$ by ! ,rajapts1 ! fir/ milit>y class ( ,h9ds3 & e ,sikh felt himself at once elevat$ to rank ) ! highe/1 by ?is pr\d appellation4 ,! disciples ( ,gv9d 7 requir$ to devote !mselves to arms1 always to h /eel ab\t !m 9 "s %ape or o!r2 to we> a blue dress2 to all[ _! hair to gr[2 to exclaim1 :5 !y met ea* o!r1 ,w6 ,grj k khlsah6 ,w6 ,grj k futteh6 :i* means1 ,success to ! /ate ( ! ,gr6 ,victory att5d ! ,gr#cd6 ,! int5tion ( "s ( ^! in/itutions is obvi\s2 su* z t pr9ciple ( devotion to /eel1 by :i* all 7 made soldi]s2 & t exclamation1 :i* made ! success ( _! prie/1 & t ( ! commonweal?1 ! object ( _! h\rly pray]4 ,x became1 9 fact1 ! wat*word :i* 0 cont9ually to revive1 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,sikh disciple1 ! obligations he ow$ to t community ( :i* he _h become a memb]1 & to t fai? :i* he _h adopt$4 ,( ! causes :i* l$ ,gv9d to enjo9 8 foll[]s to reg>d x z impi\s to cut ! hair ( _! heads1 or %ave _! be>ds1 v diff]5t acc\nts are giv54 ,sev]al ,muhamm$an au?ors /ate1 t bo? ?is ord9ation1 & ! "o :i* direct$ 8 foll[]s to we> blue clo!s1 0 giv5 9 consequ5ce ( 8 gratitude to "s ,afghn m\nta9e]s1 :o aid$ 8 escape f a =t1 9 :i* he 0 besieg$1 by clo?+ him 9 a *equ]$ blue dress1 & caus+ him to all[ 8 hair to gr[1 9 ord] to pass him = "o ( _! own ,prs1 or holy fa!rs2 9 :i* !y succe$$4 ,?is acc\nt1 h[ev]1 is n support$ by any ,sikh writ]2 & "o ( ! mo/ respectable & be/ in=m$ au?ors ( t sect /ates1 t :5 ,gr ,gv9d fir/ w5t to ,an&pr ,mk'haval1 :i* 0 also call$ ,csgh]1 or ! h\se ( hair1 he sp5t mu* ( 8 "t 9 devotion1 at a temple ( ,drga ,bhavan1 ! goddess ( c\rage1 by :om he 0 direct$ to unloose 8 hair & draw 8 sword4 ,gv9d1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is pret5d$ div9e ord]1 v[$ he w\ld pres]ve 8 hair1 z consecrat$ to t div9ity1 & direct$ 8 foll[]s to d ! same#ce4 ,! orig9 ( t blue *equ]$#cf dress1 :i* 0 at "o "t worn by all ,gv9d's foll[]s1 & is /ill worn by ! ,acls1 or nev]-dy+1 7! mo/ rem>kable class ( devotees ( t sect17 is diff]5tly /at$ by diff]5t au?ors3 b x appe>s probable1 t bo? ^! in/itutions proce$$ f ! policy ( ,gv9d1 :o s\ght to sep>ate 8 foll[]s f all o!r classes ( ,india1 z mu* by _! appe>ance z by _! religion3 & he judg$ ) wisdom :5 he gave consequ5ce to su* di/9ctions2 :i*1 ?\gh fir/ e/abli%$ z m]e =ms1 soon sup]s$e ! sub/ance ( belief2 &1 :5 /r5g!n$ by usage1 become ! po9ts to :i* ignorant & un5light5$ m9ds h1 9 all ages ( ! _w1 %[n ! mo/ resolute & unconqu]able adh]5ce4 ,gr ,gv9d inculcat$ 8 t5ets ^u 8 foll[]s by 8 prea*+1 8 actions1 & 8 works2 among :i* is ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 or ! book ( ! t5? k+ or rul]2 ,gr ,gv9d be+ ! t5? lead] ( ! sect f ,nnac4 ,?is volume1 :i* is n limit$ to religi\s subjects1 b fill$ ) acc\nts ( 8 own battles1 & writt5 ) ! view ( /irr+ up a _s ( val\r & emulation among 8 foll[]s1 is at lea/ z mu* rev]$1 among ! ,sikhs1 z ! ,ad-,grant'h ( ,arjunmal4 ,gv9d is said to h fir/ in/itut$ ! ,gr ,mata1 or /ate c\ncil1 among ! ,sikhs2 :i* meets at ,amrits>4 ,! con/itution & usages ( ?is national assembly w be describ$ h]eaft]3 x is "h only necess>y to obs]ve1 t its in/itution adds "o m pro( to ^? already /at$1 ( ! compreh5sive & able m9d ( ?is bold re=m]1 :o gave1 by its f\ndation1 t =m ( a f$]ative republic1 to ! commonweal? ( ! ,sikhs1 :i* 0 mo/ calculat$ to r\se 8 foll[]s f _! indol5t habits1 & deep-root$ prejudices1 by giv+ !m a p]sonal %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t1 & plac+ )9 ! rea* ( e individual ! atta9m5t ( rank & influ5ce 9 ! /ate4 ,x c\ld n be expect$ t ,gr ,gv9d c\ld accompli% all ^? great s*emes he _h plann$4 ,he plant$ ! tree2 b x 0 n p]mitt$1 accord+ to ,sikh writ]s1 t he %\ld see x 9 t maturity :i* x 0 de/9$ to rea*3 & ?is1 ^! au?ors /ate1 0 =etold to him by "s ,brhm5s1 skill$ 9 necromancy4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s to dwell on su* fables#cg2 & x is "t to return to ! political life ( ,gv9d1 :i* is m>k$ by b few ev5ts ( importance4 ,^! are ei!r relat$ by ,muhamm$an au?ors1 :o detract f all ! pret5sions ( ?is enemy ( _! fai? & "n2 by 8 disciples1 :o exalt ! slighte/ ( 8 actions into ! a*ievem5ts ( a div9ity2 or by himself1 = he wrote an acc\nt ( 8 own w>s4 ,?is la/ "w1 h[ev]1 is m calculat$ to inflame ! c\rage ( 8 foll[]s1 ?an to convey correct in=mation ( actual ev5ts4 ,gr ,gv9d ,s+h1 9 ! ,vi*itra ,ntac1 a "w writt5 by himself1 & ins]t$ 9 ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 traces ! desc5t ( ! ,c%atrya tribe ( ,snd1 to :i* he belongs1 f a race ( ,h9d ,rjs#ch1 :o f\nd$ ! cities ( ,casr & ,lahore4 ,he 0 born1 he /ates1 at ,patn1 or ,patna1 & br\ght up at ,madra ,ds1 9 ! ,p5jb4 ,he w5t1 aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 to ! banks ( ! ,clnd1 or ,yamun1 & addict$ himself to hunt+ ! wild bea/s ( ! =e/1 & o!r manly div]sions3 b ?is occupation1 he adds1 (f5d$ ! emp]or ( ,dehli1 :o ord]$ *iefs1 ( ! ,muhamm$an race1 to attack him4 ,gr ,gv9d describes1 9 ?is "w1 ) great animation1 8 own feats1 & ^? ( 8 fri5ds#ci1 9 ! fir/ ( 8 actions2 9 :i*1 by 8 acc\nt1 ! arr[s ( ! ,sikhs 7 victori\s ov] ! sabres ( ! ,muhamm$ans#dj4 ,?is fir/ success appe>s to h greatly increas$ ! numb] ( ,gr ,gv9d's foll[]s1 :om he e/abli%$ at ,an&pr1 ,khlr1 & ! t[ns 9 _! vic9ity2 :]e !y rema9$1 till call$ to aid ! ,rj ( ,nadn#da1 ,bhma ,*&1 :o 0 ?reat5$ ) an invasion by ! ,rj ( ,jammu2 :o _h be5 excit$ to ho/ilities by ,ma ,khn1 a ,mogul *ief1 !n at w> ) ,bhma ,*&4 ,gr ,gv9d gives an acc\nt ( ?is w>1 :i* consi/$ ( attack+ & def5d+ ! n>r[ passes ( ! m\nta9s4 ,he describes ,bhma ,*& & himself z lead+ on _! w>riors1 :o advanc$1 he says1 to battle1 l a /ream ( flame consum+ ! =e/4 ,!y 7 completely successful 9 ?is exp$ition2 ! ,rj ( ,jammu1 & 8 ,muhamm$an allies1 hav+ be5 defeat$1 & *as$ ) disgrace across ! ,satlj4 ,gr ,gv9d next relates ! advance ( ! son ( ,dilw] ,khn aga9/ him4 ,! object ( ! ,muhamm$an *ief appe>s to h be51 to surprise ,gv9d & 8 foll[]s at night3 b1 :5 t project 0 defeat$1 8 troops 7 seiz$ ) a panic1 & fl$ f ! ,sikhs )\t a conte/4 ,! fa!r1 enrag$ at ! disgraceful retreat ( 8 son1 collect$ all 8 foll[]s1 & s5t ,husa9 ,khn1 :o made successful inroads ^u ! ,sikhs1 tak+ sev]al ( _! pr9cipal =ts#db4 ,a g5]al action at la/ took place1 9 :i* ! ,khn1 aft] p]=m+ prodigies ( val\r1 0 defeat$1 & lo/ 8 life4 ,gr ,gv9d 0 n pres5t at ?is battle4 ,! "l ( ! e>?1 he says1 deta9$ me f ?is conflict1 & caus$ ! ra9 ( /eel to desc5d 9 ano!r qu>t]4 ,dilw] ,khn & ,ru/am ,khn next m>*$ aga9/ ! ,sikhs1 :o appe> to h be5 di%e>t5$ at ! loss ( "s ( _! pr9cipal *iefs1 & m at ! acc\nts !y receiv$ ( ,aurungzb's rage at _! progress1 & ( 8 hav+ deta*$ 8 son to ! di/rict ( ,madra#dc1 9 ord] to take measures to quell !m4 ,at ! pr9ce's approa*1 e body1 says ,gr ,gv9d1 0 /ruck ) t]ror4 ,unable to compreh5d ! ways ( ! ,et]nal1 sev]al des]t$ me1 & fl$1 & took refuge 9 ! l(ty m\nta9s4 ,^! vile c[>ds 71 he adds1 too greatly al>m$ 9 m9d to und]/& _! own advantage2 = ! emp]or s5t troops1 :o burnt ! habitations ( ^? t _h fl$4 ,he takes ?is occasion ( d5\nc+ e mis]y t ?is _w c br+1 & all ! pa9s & horrors ( ! next1 on ^? :o des]t _! ,gr1 or prie/4 ,! man :o does ?is1 he writes1 %all nei!r h *ild nor (fspr+4 ,8 ag$ p>5ts %all die 9 grief & sorr[1 & he %all p]i% l a dog1 & be ?r[n into hell to lam5t4 ,aft] _m m curses on apo/ates1 he concludes ?is ana!ma by /at+1 t ! good g5ius ( prosp]ity 9 ?is _w1 & et]nal bless+s 9 ! next1 %all be ! c]ta9 rew>d ( all :o rema9 atta*$ to _! ,gr3 &1 z an in/ance1 he affirms1 t n "o ( ^? fai?ful foll[]s1 :o _h adh]$ to him at ?is try+ crisis1 _h receiv$ ! lea/ injury#dd4 ,gr ,gv9d closes 8 fir/ "w1 ! ,vi*itra ,ntac1 ) a fur!r repres5tation on ! %ame t att5ds apo/asy1 & ! rew>ds t await ^? t prove true to _! religion2 & he concludes by a pray] to ! ,deity1 & a decl>ation ( 8 int5tion to compose1 = ! use ( 8 disciples1 a /ill l>g] "w2 by :i* ! ,sikhs conceive t he meant ! re/ ( ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 ( :i* ! ,vi*itra ,ntac =ms ! fir/ section4 ,an acc\nt ( ,gv9d's w> ) ! ,rj ( ,kahilr#de1 is f\nd 9 a "w writt5 9 ! ,dg>1 or m\nta9 dialect ( ! ,p5jbi tongue1 :i* gives an acc\nt ( "s o!r actions ( ?is *ief4 ,?\gh ?is acc\nt is greatly exagg]at$1 x no d\bt /ates "s facts correctly1 & !re=e m]its a brief notice4 ,accord+ to ?is au?ority1 ! ,rjs ( ,kahilr1 ,jiswl1 & o!rs1 be+ defeat$ & disgrac$ 9 sev]al actions1 appli$ to ! c\rt ( ,aurungzb = aid aga9/ ,gr ,gv9d1 f :om !y /at$ t !y _h receiv$ great injuries4 ,:5 ! emp]or ask$ :o made ! compla9t1 ! answ] 03 ,x is ! *ief ( ,kahilr1 ?y s]vant1 :o has be5 despoil$ ( 8 c\ntry by viol5ce1 ?\gh a fai?ful ,zem9d> 7l&hold]71 & "o :o has always be5 punctual 9 pay+ 8 contributions4 ,su* 7 ! repres5tations1 ?is au?or /ates1 by :i* !y obta9$ ! aid ( an army f ! emp]or4 ,_! comb9$ =ces proce$$ aga9/ ,gr ,gv9d & 8 foll[]s1 :o 7 oblig$ to %ut !mselves up 9 _! =tresses1 :]e !y endur$ e mis]y t sickness & fam9e c br+ ^u a besieg$ place4 ,gv9d1 aft] suff]+ ! greate/ h>d%ips1 det]m9$ to attempt 8 escape4 ,he ord]$ 8 foll[]s to leave ! =t1 "o by "o1 at midnight1 & to sep>ate ! mom5t !y w5t out4 ,! mis]y ( ?is sep>ation1 :i* divid$ ! fa!r f ! *ild1 ! husb& f ! wife1 & bro!rs f si/]s1 0 horrible2 b x 0 ! only *ance :i* !y _h ( safety1 & 8 ord]s 7 obey$4 ,he himself w5t1 among ! re/2 &1 aft] und]go+ great fatigue1 & escap+ _m dang]s1 he arriv$ at ,*amkur1 by ! ,rj ( :i* place he 0 receiv$ 9 a k9d & fri5dly mann]4 ,8 enemies _h ent]$ ! =tress :i* ,gv9d left1 ! mom5t he fl$1 & made _m prison]s2 among :i* 7 8 "m & 8 two *ildr51 :o 7 c>ri$ to ,f\jd> ,khn1 ! gov]nor ( ,sirh9d1 by ^: ord]s !y 7 inhumanly massacr$#df4 ,! army ( ! emp]or1 aid$ by ! ,rjs ho/ile to ,gv9d1 next m>*$ to ,*amkur1 & encompass$ x on all sides4 ,gv9d1 9 despair1 clasp+ 8 h&s1 call$ ^u ! goddess ( ! sword#dg4 ,! _w sees1 he exclaim$1 t we h no help b !e6 say+ :i*1 he prep>$1 ) 8 few foll[]s1 to make ! mo/ desp]ate resi/ance4 ,! emp]or's army1 employ$ at ?is p]iod aga9/ ,gv9d1 0 comm&$ by ,khwjeh ,muhamm$ & ,nah> ,khn1 :o deput$1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! siege1 an envoy to ! ,sikh lead]1 ) ! foll[+ message3 ,?is army is n "o belong+ to ,rjs & ,rns3 x is t ( ! great ,aurungzb3 %[1 !re=e1 ?y respect1 & embrace ! true fai?4 ,! envoy proce$$1 9 ! execution ( 8 mission1 ) all ! pride ( ^? he repres5t$4 ,li/51 said he1 f himself to ,gr ,gv9d1 to ! words ( ! ,nawb3 leave (f cont5d+ ) u1 & play+ ! infidel2 = x is evid5t y nev] c reap advantage f su* an unequal w>4 ,he 0 /opp$ by ,ajit ,s+h1 ! son ( ,gv9d1 f say+ m4 ,t y\?1 seiz+ 8 scimet>1 exclaim$3 ,if y utt] ano!r ^w1 ,i w humble y\r pride3 ,i w smite y\r head f y\r body1 & cut y to pieces1 = d>+ to speak su* language be=e our *iefs4 ,! blood ( ! envoy boil$ ) rage1 & he return$ ) ?is answ] to 8 ma/]4 ,?is ef=t to subdue ! =titude & fai? ( ,gv9d hav+ fail$1 ! siege comm5c$ ) great vig\r4 ,a long description is giv5 by ,b'hai ,gr ,ds ,b'hal & o!r ,sikh au?ors1 ( ! actions t 7 p]=m$4 ,among/ ! mo/ di/+ui%$1 7 ^? ( ! brave1 b un=tunate1 ,ajit ,s+h#dh1 ! son ( ,gr ,gv9d1 ^: dea? is ?us record$3 ,a second "t ! ,khn advanc$1 & ! battle rag$4 ,"s f\ght1 "s fl$4 ,ajit ,s+h1 cov]$ ) glory1 dep>t$ to ,sw>ga 7heav574 ,indra#di1 fir/ ( ! gods 7,dvats71 advanc$ ) ! cele/ial ho/ to meet him2 he conduct$ him to ,dvapr1 ! city ( ! gods1 & seat$ him on a cele/ial ?rone3 hav+ rema9$ !re a %ort "t1 he proce$$ to ! region ( ! sun4 ,?us1 he concludes1 ,ajit ,s+h dep>t$ 9 glory2 & 8 fame ext5ds ov] ?ree worlds1 = ! fame ( ! w>rior lives = ev]4 ,?\gh ,gv9d %[$ an inv9cible _s1 & p]=m$ prodigies ( val\r1 hav+ kill$1 ) 8 own h&1 ,nah> ,khn1 & w\nd$ ,khwjeh ,muhamm$1 ! o!r lead] ( ! emp]or's troops1 x 0 impossible to cont5d long] aga9/ su* sup]ior numb]s2 & he at la/1 tak+ advantage ( a d>k night1 fl$ f ,*amkur1 cov]+ 8 face1 accord+ to ! ,sikh au?or1 f %ame at 8 own disgrace4 ,?is sket* ( ! life ( ,gv9d is compil$ f 8 own works1 & ^? ( o!r ,sikh writ]s1 su* z ,n& & ,b'hai ,gr ,ds2 & ! ev5ts record$1 all[+ = ! col\r+ ) :i* su* n>ratives are writt5 9 ! ,ea/1 appe> to be correct3 ! lead+ facts are almo/ all e/abli%$ by ! evid5ce ( contempor>y ,muhamm$an writ]s1 to :om we mu/ tru/ = ! rema9d] ( 8 hi/ory2 z ! au?orities we h foll[$ end at ! p]iod ( 8 flight f ,*amkur4 ,mo/ acc\nts agree t ,gr ,gv9d1 aft] 8 flight1 01 f a s5se ( 8 mis=tunes1 & ! loss ( 8 *ildr51 b]eft ( 8 reason1 & w&]$ ab\t = a consid]able "t 9 ! mo/ deplorable condition4 ,"o acc\nt /ates1 t he di$ 9 ! ,p5jb2 ano!r1 t he w5t to ,patna1 :]e he end$ 8 days2 a ?ird1 tak5 f a ,sikh au?ority#ej1 ass]ts t ,gr ,gv9d1 aft] rema9+ "s "t 9 ! ,lak'hi-,jungle1 to :i* he _h fl$1 return$ )\t mole/ation to 8 =m] resid5ce 9 ! ,p5jb2 & t1 s f> f meet+ ) any p]secution f ! ,muhamm$an gov]nm5t1 he receiv$ fav\rs f ! emp]or1 ,bahd] ,%h2 :o1 aw>e ( 8 milit>y tal5ts1 gave him a small milit>y comm& 9 ! ,dek'h91 :]e he 0 /abb$ by a ,patn soldi]'s son1 & expir$ ( 8 w\nds1 9 ! ye> #agjh1 at ,nadr1 a t[n situat$ on ! ,godav]i riv]1 ab\t "o hundr$ miles f ,haid]abad4 ,x is suffici5tly e/abli%$1 f ^! contradictory & imp]fect acc\nts ( ! latt] ye>s ( ,gr ,gv9d1 t he p]=m$ no actions wor?y ( record aft] 8 flight f ,*amkur3 & :5 we consid] ! en?usia/ic ard\r ( 8 m9d1 8 active habits1 8 val\r1 & ! insatiable ?ir/ ( rev5ge1 :i* he _h *]i%$ ?r\gh life1 aga9/ ! murd]]s ( 8 fa!r1 & ! oppressors ( 8 sect1 we _c ?9k1 :5 t lead+ passion ( 8 m9d mu/ h be5 increas$ by ! massacre ( 8 *ildr51 & ! dea? or mutilation#ea ( 8 mo/ atta*$ foll[]s1 t he w\ld h rema9$ inactive2 mu* less t he w\ld h sunk into a s]vant ( t gov]nm5t1 aga9/ :i* he _h be5 9 con/ant rebellion3 nor is x likely t su* a lead] z ,gr ,gv9d c\ld ev] h be5 tru/$ by a ,muhamm$an pr9ce3 & !re appe>s1 !re=e1 e reason to give cr$it to ^? acc\nts :i* /ate1 t m5tal di/raction1 9 consequ5ce ( deep di/ress & disappo9tm5t1 0 ! cause ( ! inactivity ( ,gr ,gv9d's decl9+ ye>s4 ,nor is su* a conclusion at all at v>iance ) ! fact ( 8 be+ kill$ at ,nadr1 z x is probable1 ev5 if he 0 r$uc$ to ! /ate describ$1 t he cont9u$1 till ! close ( 8 exi/5ce1 t w&]+ & adv5tur\s life to :i* he _h be5 s e>ly accu/om$4 ,9 ! "* ( ?is re=m] ( ! ,sikhs1 x is impossible n to recognise _m ( ^? features :i* h di/+ui%$ ! mo/ celebrat$ f\nd]s ( political communities4 ,! object he attempt$ 0 great & laudable4 ,x 0 ! emancipation ( 8 tribe f oppression & p]secution2 & ! means :i* he adopt$1 7 su* z a compreh5sive m9d c\ld alone h sugge/$4 ,! ,muhamm$an conqu]ors ( ,india1 z !y add$ to _! t]ritories1 add$ to _! /r5g?1 by mak+ proselytes ?r\gh ! d\ble means ( p]suasion & =ce2 & ^!1 ! mom5t !y _h adopt$ _! fai?1 became ! support]s ( _! p[] aga9/ ! ef=ts ( ! ,h9ds2 :o1 b\nd 9 ! *a9s ( _! civil & religi\s in/itutions1 c\ld nei!r add to _! numb] by admitt+ conv]ts1 nor all[ m ?an a small proportion ( ! population ( ! c\ntry to arm aga9/ ! enemy4 ,gv9d saw t he c\ld only hope = success by a bold dep>ture f usages :i* 7 calculat$ to keep ^?1 by :om !y 7 obs]v$1 9 a degrad$ subjection to an insult+ & intol]ant race4 ,y make ,h9ds ,muhamm$ans1 & are ju/ifi$ by y\r laws1 he is said to h writt5 to ,aurungzb3 n[ ,i1 on a pr9ciple ( self-pres]vation1 :i* is sup]ior to all laws1 w make ,muhamm$ans ,h9ds#eb4 ,y may re/1 he add$1 9 fanci$ security3 b bew>e6 = ,i w tea* ! sp>r[ to /rike ! eagle to ! gr\nd4 ,a f9e allusion to 8 design ( inspir+ ! l[e/ races among ! ,h9ds ) t val\r & ambition :i* w\ld lead !m to p]=m ! greate/ actions4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,gv9d endeav\r$ to accompli% ! great plan he _h =m$1 has be5 exhibit$ 9 ! imp]fect sket* giv5 ( 8 life4 ,8 ef=ts to e/abli% t temporal p[] 9 8 own p]son1 ( :i* he laid ! f\ndation = 8 tribe1 7 d>+ & successful 9 z great a degree z circum/ances w\ld admit3 b x 0 n possible he c\ld create means1 9 a few ye>s1 to oppose1 ) success1 ! =ce ( "o ( ! greate/ empires 9 ! univ]se4 ,! _s1 h[ev]1 :i* he infus$ into 8 foll[]s1 0 h&$ d[n z a ri* inh]itance to _! *ildr52 :o1 ?\gh !y consid] ,bb ,nnc z ! au?or ( _! religion1 rev]e1 ) a j gratitude1 ,gr ,gv9d1 z ! f\nd] ( _! worldly greatness & political indep5d5ce4 ,!y are consci\s1 inde$1 t !y h become1 f ! adoption ( 8 laws & in/itutions1 ! sc\rge ( _! enemies2 & h conqu]$ & held1 = m ?an half a c5tury1 ! f9e/ portion ( ! once great empire ( ! h\se ( ,taimr4 ,gr ,gv9d 0 ! la/ ackn[l$g$ religi\s rul] ( ! ,sikhs4 ,a prophecy _h limit$ _! spiritual guides to ! numb] ( t52 & _! sup]/ition1 aid$1 no d\bt1 by ! action ( t _s ( indep5d5ce :i* 8 in/itutions _h introduc$1 caus$ its fulfilm5t4 ,! success1 h[ev]1 ( ,b&a1 a ,bairgi1 :o 0 ! devot$ foll[] & fri5d ( ,gr ,gv9d1 e/abli%$ _! union "u 8 bann]s4 ,a %ort p]iod aft] ,gv9d's dea?1 ! grief ( ,b&a at ! mis=tune ( 8 prie/1 is said1 by ,sikh au?ors1 to h settl$ into a gloomy & desp]ate desire to rev5ge 8 wrongs4 ,! confusion :i* took place on ! dea? ( ,aurungzb1 :i* happ5$ 9 ! ye> #agjg1 0 fav\rable to 8 wi%es4 ,aft] plund]+ ! c\ntry1 & defeat+ mo/ ( ! petty ,muhamm$an *iefs t 7 oppos$ to him1 he ?\ght himself suffici5tly /rong to v5ture on an action ) ,f\jd> ,khn1 ! gov]nor ( ! prov9ce ( ,s>h9d1 & ! man ( all o!rs mo/ abhorr$ by ! ,sikhs1 z ! murd]] ( ! infant *ildr5 ( ,gr ,gv9d4 ,?is action 0 f\ght ) val\r by ! ,muhamm$ans2 & ) all t desp]ation on ! "p ( ! ,sikhs1 :i* ! mo/ savage _s ( rev5ge c\ld inspire3 & ?is1 aid$ by ! c\rage & conduct ( _! lead]1 gave !m ! victory1 aft] a sev]e conte/4 ,f\jd> ,khn fell1 ) mo/ ( 8 army1 to :om ! enrag$ ,sikhs gave no qu>t]4 ,nor 0 _! savage rev5ge satiat$ by ! de/ruction ( ! ,muhamm$an army3 !y put to dea? ! wife & *ildr5 ( ,vizr ,khn1 & almo/ all ! inhabitants ( ,s>h9d4 ,!y de/roy$ or pollut$ ! mosques ( t city2 &1 9 a _s ( wild & brutal rage1 dug up ! c>casses ( ! dead1 & expos$ !m to be dev\r$ by bea/s ( prey4 ,enc\rag$ by ?is success1 & h>d5$ by ! lessons ( ,b&a to de$s ( ! mo/ horrid atrocity1 ! ,sikhs ru%$ =w>d1 & subdu$ all ! c\ntry betwe5 ! ,satlj & ! ,jumna2 &1 cross+ t riv]1 made inroads into ! prov9ce ( ,shranpr#ec4 ,x is unnecess>y to /ate ! p>ticul>s ( ?is memorable incursion1 :i*1 f all acc\nts1 appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! sev]e/ sc\rges ) :i* a c\ntry 0 ev] afflict$4 ,e excess t ! mo/ wanton b>b>ity c\ld commit1 e cruelty t an unappeas$ appetite ( rev5ge c\ld sugge/1 0 inflict$ ^u ! mis]able inhabitants ( ! prov9ces ?r\gh :i* !y pass$4 ,life 0 only grant$ to ^? :o con=m$ to ! religion1 & adopt$ ! habits & dress ( ! ,sikhs2 & if ,behdur ,%h _h n quitt$ ! ,dek'h91 :i* he did 9 ,a4 ,d4 #agaj1 !re is reason to ?9k ! :ole ( ,h9d/an w\ld h be5 subdu$ by ^! m]ciless invad]s4 ,! fir/ *eck ! ,sikhs receiv$ 0 f an army "u ,sultn ,kli ,khn4 ,t *ief defeat$ "o ( _! advanc$ corps at ,pnipat'h1 :i*1 aft] be+ disp]s$1 fl$ to jo9 _! lead] ,b&a1 at ,s>h9d4 ,! dea? ( ,behdur ,%h prev5t$ ?is success f be+ pursu$2 & ! confusion :i* foll[$ t ev5t1 0 fav\rable to ! ,sikhs4 ,b&a defeat$ ,islm ,khn1 ! vic]oy ( ,lahore1 & "o ( 8 fanatic foll[]s /abb$ ,byezd ,khn1 ! gov]nor ( ,s>h9d1 :o _h m>*$ out ( t t[n to enc\nt] ?is army4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 ! la/ ( ,b&a's successful atrocities4 ,abdal ,smad ,khn1 a g5]al ( great reputation1 0 deta*$1 ) a l>ge army1 by ! emp]or ,f>akhseir1 aga9/ ! ,sikhs1 :om he defeat$ 9 a v desp]ate action2 9 :i*1 agreeable to ,muhamm$an au?ors1 ,b&a p]=m$ prodigies ( val\r1 & 0 only oblig$ to give way to ! sup]ior numb]s & discipl9e ( ! imp]iali/s4 ,! ,sikhs 7 nev] able to make a /& aft] ?is defeat1 & 7 hunt$1 l wild bea/s1 f "o /rong hold to ano!r1 by ! army ( ! emp]or2 by :om _! lead]1 & 8 mo/ devot$ foll[]s1 7 at la/ tak51 aft] hav+ suff]$ e extreme ( hung] & fatigue#ed4 ,abdal ,smad ,khn put to dea? great numb]s ( ! ,sikhs aft] ! surr5d] ( ,lhgad1 ! =tress 9 :i* !y took refuge2 b s5t ,b&a1 & ! pr9cipal *iefs ( ! tribe1 to ,dehli1 :]e !y 7 fir/ treat$ ) e k9d ( obloquy & insult1 & !n execut$4 ,a ,muhamm$an writ]#ee relates ! intrepidity ) :i* ^! ,sikh prison]s1 b p>ticul>ly _! lead]1 ,b&a1 met dea?4 ,x is s+ul>1 he writes1 t ^! p n only behav$ firmly dur+ ! execution1 b !y w\ld dispute & wrangle ) ea* o!r :o %\ld suff] fir/2 & !y made int]e/ ) ! execution] to obta9 ! pref]5ce4 ,b&a1 he cont9ues1 0 at la/ produc$1 8 son be+ seat$ 9 8 lap4 ,8 fa!r 0 ord]$ to cut 8 ?roat1 :i* he did1 )\t utt]+ "o ^w4 ,be+ !n br\ght ne>] ! magi/rate's tribunal1 ! latt] ord]$ 8 fle% to be torn (f ) r$ hot p9c]s2 & x 0 9 ^? mom5ts he expir$3 8 black s\l tak+ its flight1 by "o ( ^? w\nds1 t[>ds ! regions = :i* x 0 s well fitt$4 ,?us p]i%$ ,b&a2 :o1 ?\gh a brave & able lead]1 0 "o ( ! mo/ cruel & f]oci\s ( m51 & endeav\r$ to imp>t to 8 foll[]s t feel+ ( m]ciless res5tm5t :i* he *]i%$ aga9/ ! :ole ,muhamm$an race1 :om he appe>s to h ?\ght acc\ntable = ! cruelty & oppression ( a few individuals ( ! p]suasion#ef4 ,?\gh ! ,sikhs1 f be+ animat$ by a simil> feel+1 & enc\rag$ by 8 fir/ successes1 foll[$ ,b&a to ! field1 !y d n rev]e 8 memory2 & he is t]m$1 by "s ( _! au?ors1 a h]etic2 :o1 intoxicat$ ) victory1 endeav\r$ to *ange ! religi\s in/itutions & laws ( ,gr ,gv9d1 _m ( ^: mo/ devot$ foll[]s ?is fi]ce *ief put to dea?1 because !y refus$ to dep>t f ^? usages :i* t rev]$ spiritual lead] _h taught !m to consid] sacr$4 ,among o!r *anges1 ,b&a wi%$ to make ! ,sikhs ab&on _! blue dress1 to refra9 f dr9k+ & eat+ fle%2 &1 in/ead ( exclaim+ ,w6 ,grji ki ,futteh6 ,w6 ,khlsaji ki ,futteh6 ! salutations direct$ by ,gv9d1 he direct$ !m to exclaim1 ,futteh ,d'h]m6 ,futteh d]san6 :i* means1 ,success to piety6 ,success to ! sect6 ,^! innovations 7 v g5]ally resi/$2 b ! dread$ sev]ity ( ,b&a made _m con=m to 8 ord]s4 ,! class ( ,acls#eg1 or immortals1 :o _h be5 e/abli%$ by ,gr ,gv9d1 cont9u$ to oppose ! innovations ) great ob/9acy2 & _m ( !m suff]$ m>tyrdom1 r ?an *ange ei!r _! mode ( salutation1 diet1 or dress2 &1 at ! dea? ( ,b&a1 _! cause triumph$4 ,all ! in/itutions ( ,gr ,gv9d 7 re/or$3 b ! blue dress1 in/ead ( be+1 z at fir/1 worn by all1 appe>s1 f t date1 to h become ! p>ticul> "r ( ! ,acls1 ^: val\r1 9 its def5ce1 well m]it$ ! exclusive privilege ( we>+ ?is orig9al uni=m ( a true ,sikh4 ,aft] ! defeat & dea? ( ,b&a1 e measure 0 tak51 t an active res5tm5t c\ld sugge/1 n only to de/roy ! p[]1 b to extirpate ! race1 ( ! ,sikhs4 ,an a/oni%+ numb] ( t sect mu/ h fall51 9 ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s ( ! conte/ ) ! imp]ial armies1 z ! irritat$ ,muhamm$ans gave !m no qu>t]4 ,aft] ! execution ( _! *ief1 a royal edict 0 issu$1 ord]+ all :o pr(ess$ ! religion ( ,nnac to be tak5 & put to dea?1 :]ev] f\nd4 ,to give effect to ?is m&ate1 a rew>d 0 (f]$ = ! head ( e ,sikh2 & all ,h9ds 7 ord]$ to %ave _! hair (f1 "u pa9 ( dea?4 ,! few ,sikhs1 t escap$ ?is g5]al execution1 fl$ into ! m\nta9s to ! ,n4 ,e4 ( ! ,p5jb1 :]e !y f\nd a refuge f ! rigor\s p]secution by :i* _! tribe 0 pursu$2 :ile numb]s b5t be=e ! tempe/ :i* !y c\ld n resi/1 & ab&on+ ! outw>d usages ( _! religion1 satisfi$ _! consci5ces ) ! secret practice ( its rites4 ,f ! defeat & dea? ( ,b&a till ! invasion ( ,india by ,ndir ,%h1 a p]iod ( ne>ly ?irty ye>s1 we he> no?+ ( ! ,sikhs2 b1 on ! occurr5ce ( t ev5t1 !y are /at$ to h fall5 ^u ! peaceable inhabitants ( ! ,p5jb1 :o s\ght %elt] 9 ! hills1 & to h plund]$ !m ( t prop]ty :i* !y 7 endeav\r+ to secure f ! rapacity ( ! ,p]sian invad]4 ,enri*$ ) ^! spoils1 ! ,sikhs left ! hills1 & built ! =t ( ,dalewl1 on ! ,rvi1 f :5ce !y made pr$atory incursions1 & are /at$ to h add$ bo? to _! weal? & reputation1 by h>ass+ & plund]+ ! re> ( ,ndir ,%h's army1 :i*1 :5 x return$ to ,p]sia1 0 encumb]$ ) spoil1 & m>*$1 f a contempt ( its enemies1 ) a disreg>d to all ord]4 ,! weak /ate to :i* ! empire ( ,h9d/an 0 r$uc$2 & ! confusion into :i* ! prov9ces ( ,lahore & ,cbul 7 ?r[n1 by ! dea? ( ,ndir2 7 ev5ts ( too fav\rable a nature to ! ,sikhs to be neglect$ by t race1 :o became daily m bold1 f _! numb]s be+ greatly increas$ by ! union ( all ^? :o _h tak5 %elt] 9 ! m\nta9s2 ! readmission into ! sect ( ^? :o1 to save _! lives1 _h abjur$1 = a p]iod1 _! usages2 & ! conv]sion ( a numb] ( proselytes1 :o ha/5$ to jo9 a /&>d1 "u :i* robb]y 0 made sacr$2 & to plund]1 0 to be pi\s4 ,aid$ ) ^! recruits1 ! ,sikhs n[ ext5d$ _! irruptions ov] mo/ ( ! prov9ces ( ! ,p5jb3 & ?\gh x 0 "s "t be=e !y repossess$ !mselves ( ,amrits>1 !y began1 imm$iately aft] !y quitt$ _! fa/nesses1 to flock to t holy city at ! p]iods ( _! fea/s4 ,"s p]=m$ ?is pilgrimage 9 secret1 & 9 disguise3 b 9 g5]al1 accord+ to a contempor>y ,muhamm$an au?or1 ! ,sikh horsem5 7 se5 rid+1 at full gallop1 t[>ds _! fav\rite %r9e ( devotion4 ,!y 7 (t5 sla9 9 mak+ ?is attempt1 & sometimes tak5 prison]s2 b !y us$1 on su* occasions1 to seek1 in/ead ( avoid+1 ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom3 & ! same au?ority /ates1 t an in/ance 0 nev] kn[n ( a ,sikh1 tak5 9 8 way to ,amrits>1 cons5t+ to abjure 8 fai?4 ,x is =eign to ! object ( ?is sket* to ent] into a detail ( ^? ef=ts by :i* ! ,sikhs rose into t p[] :i* !y n[ possess4 ,x w be suffici5t to glance at ! pr9cipal ev5ts :i* h m>k$ _! progress1 f ! p]iod ( _! em]g+ f ! m\nta9s1 to :i* !y _h be5 driv5 aft] ! dea? ( ,b&a1 to t ( ! conque/ & subjection ( ^? f9e prov9ces ov] :i* _! rule is n[ e/abli%$4 ,?is sect1 z has be5 be=e /at$1 h nev] admitt$ a spiritual lead] s9ce ! dea? ( ,gr ,gv9d4 ,x 0 success1 & ! =ce ( a savage b /rong g5ius1 :i* unit$ !m1 = a p]iod1 "u ,b&a2 & !y h1 s9ce 8 dea?1 _h no ackn[l$g$ g5]al1 lead]1 or pr9ce4 ,ea* individual foll[$ to ! field ! ,sird> or *ief1 :o1 f bir?1 ! possession ( prop]ty1 or f val\r & exp]i5ce1 _h become 8 sup]ior4 ,^! *iefs aga9 7 ( diff]5t rank & pret5sions3 a great] numb] ( foll[]s1 high] reputation1 ! possession ( weal?1 or l&s1 con/itut$ t diff]5ce2 &1 f "o or o!r ( ^! causes1 "o *ief g5]ally enjoy$ a decid$ pre-em95ce1 &1 consequ5tly1 _h a lead 9 _! milit>y c\ncils4 ,b1 nev]!less1 !y always w5t ?r\gh ! =m ( select+ a milit>y lead] at _! ,gr-mat1 or national c\ncil2 :]e1 h[ev]1 influ5ce prevail$1 & ! mo/ p[]ful 0 c]ta9 ( be+ elect$4 ,su* a mode ( gov]nm5t 0 9 itself little calculat$ to give t /r5g? & union :i* ! cause ( ! ,sikhs requir$3 b ! peculi>ities ( _! usages1 ! ard5t "* ( _! fai?1 ! p[] ( _! enemies1 & ! oppression !y endur$1 amply suppli$ ! place ( all o!r ord9ances4 ,to unite & to act 9 "o body1 & on "o pr9ciple1 01 ) ! fir/ ,sikhs1 a law ( necessity3 x 01 amid ! dang]s ) :i* !y 7 surr\nd$1 _! only hope ( success1 & _! sole means ( pres]vation3 & x 0 to ^! causes1 comb9$ ) ! weakness & int]nal conte/s ( _! enemies1 to :i* ?is sect owes its extraord9>y rise1--n to _! boa/$ con/itution2 :i*1 :e!r we call x an olig>*y1 :i* x really is2 or a !ocracy1 :i* ! ,sikhs consid] x2 has n a pr9ciple 9 its composition t w\ld pres]ve x "o day f ru91 if vigor\sly assail$4 ,b ( ?is _! hi/ory w furni% ! be/ example4 ,enc\rag$ by ! confusion :i* took place on ! fir/ ,afghn#eh invasion1 ! ,sikhs made !mselves ma/]s ( a consid]able "p ( ! ,dub ( ,rvi & ,jalndra#ei1 & ext5d$ _! incursions to ! neighb\r+ c\ntries4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 at ?is p]iod receiv$ sev]al sev]e *ecks f ,mr ,manu1 ! gov]nor ( ,lahore1 :o is said1 by ,muhamm$an au?ors1 to h be5 only )held f de/roy+ !m by ! c\nsel ( 8 m9i/]1 ,kod ,mal1 :o 0 himself a ,sikh ( ! ,khalsa#fj tribe4 ,mr ,manu appo9t$ ,adna ,bg ,khn to ! *>ge ( ! c\ntries 9 :i* ! ,sikhs ma9ta9$ !mselves2 &1 z t able b artful *ief consid]$ ?is turbul5t tribe 9 no o!r light ?an z ! means ( 8 p]sonal advancem5t1 he 0 c>eful n to r$uce !m altoge!r2 b1 aft] defeat+ !m 9 an action1 :i* 0 f\ght ne> ,mak'havl1 he ent]$ into a secret und]/&+ ) !m1 by :i*1 ?\gh _! excursions 7 limit$1 !y enjoy$ a security to :i* !y _h be5 unaccu/om$1 & f :i* !y ga!r$ /r5g? & res\rces = future ef=ts4 ,at ! dea? ( ,mr ,manu#fa1 ! ,sikhs took all ^? advantages1 :i* ! local di/ractions ( a fall+ empire (f]$ !m1 ( ext5d+ & e/abli%+ _! p[]4 ,_! b&s1 "u _! mo/ active lead]s1 plund]$ 9 e direction1 & 7 successful 9 obta9+ possession ( sev]al c\ntries1 f :i* !y h nev] s9ce be5 expell$3 & _! success1 at ?is p]iod1 0 promot$1 in/ead ( be+ *eck$1 by ! appo9tm5t ( _! old fri5d1 ,adna ,bg ,khn1 to ,lahore2 z t brave *ief1 anxi\s to def5d 8 own gov]nm5t aga9/ ! ,afghns1 imm$iately ent]$ into a conf$]acy ) ! ,sikhs1 :om he enc\rag$ to plund] ! t]ritories ( ,ahm$ ,%h ,abdli4 ,! ,afghn mon>*1 res5t+ ?is pr$atory w>f>e1 9 :i* ! gov]nor ( ,lahore 0 support$ by ! c\rt ( ,dehli1 det]m9$ ^u invad+ ,india4 ,adna ,bg1 unable to oppose him1 fl$2 & ! ,sikhs c\ld only v5ture to plund] ! baggage1 & cut (f ! /raggl]s ( ! ,afghn army2 by :i* !y s irritat$ ,ahm$ ,%h1 t he ?reat5$ !m ) puni%m5t on 8 return2 &1 :5 he m>*$ to ,cbul1 he left 8 son1 ,taimr ,khn1 & 8 vizr1 ,jehn ,khn1 at ,lahore1 ) ord]s to take v5geance on ! ,sikhs = all ! excesses :i* !y _h committ$4 ,! fir/ exp$ition ( ,taimr ,khn 0 aga9/ _! capital1 ,amrits>1 :i* he de/roy$1 fill+ up _! sacr$ tank1 & pollut+ all _! places ( wor%ip3 by :i* action he provok$ ! :ole race to su* a degree1 t !y all assembl$ at ,lahore1 & n only attempt$ to cut (f ! communication betwe5 ! =t & c\ntry1 b collect$ & divid$ ! rev5ues ( ! t[ns & villages ar\nd x4 ,taimr ,khn1 enrag$ at ?is presumption1 made sev]al attacks ^u !m1 b 0 con/antly defeat$2 & be+ at la/ r$uc$ to ! necessity ( evacuat+ ,lahore1 & retreat+ to ,cbul1 ! ,sikhs1 "u "o ( _! celebrat$ lead]s1 call$ ,jasa ,s+h ,call1 imm$iately took possession ( ! vacant ,subah ( ,lahore1 & ord]$ rupees to be co9$1 ) an inscription to ! foll[+ import3 ,co9$ by ! grace ( ,khlsah j1 9 ! c\ntry ( ,ahm$1 conqu]$ by ,jasa ,s+h ,call4 ,! ,sikhs1 :o 7 s deeply indebt$ to ! =be>ance ( ,adna ,bg ,khn1 n[ consid]$ !mselves above ! p[] ( t *ief2 :o1 9 ord] to rega9 8 gov]nm5t f !m & ! ,afghns1 0 oblig$ to invite ! ,mahrta lead]s1 ,raghunt'h ,ro1 ,sheb ,pateil1 & ,malhr ,ro1 to ent] ! ,p5jb4 ,aid$ by ^! *iefs1 he fir/ advanc$ to ,s>h9d1 :]e he 0 jo9$ by "s ,sikhs t rema9$ atta*$ to him4 ,smad ,khn1 ! (fic] :o _h be5 left 9 *>ge ( ,s>h9d by ,ahm$ ,khn1 f\nd himself oblig$ to evacuate t place2 :i* he _h no soon] done1 ?an ! ,sikhs began to plund]4 ,! ,mahrtas1 always jeal\s ( _! booty1 det]m9$ to attack & puni% !m = ?is violation ( :at !y deem$ _! exclusive privilege3 b ,adna ,bg receiv+ intellig5ce ( _! int5tions1 communicat$ x to ! ,sikhs2 :o1 tak+ advantage ( ! d>kness ( ! night1 sav$ !mselves by flight4 ,aft] ! fall ( ,s>h9d1 ! ,mahrtas1 accompani$ by ,adna ,bg ,khn1 advanc$ to ,lahore1 & soon expell$ bo? ! ,sikhs & ! ,afghns f ! pr9cipal t[ns ( ! prov9ces ( ,s>h9d & ,lahore2 ( :i* !y n only took possession1 b s5t a gov]nor to ! prov9ce ( ,multn2 & ,sheb ,pateil advanc$ to ! ,attock#fb1 :]e he rema9$ = a few mon?s4 ,b ! commotions ( ,h9d/an & ! ,dek'h9 soon oblig$ ^! =eign]s to ab&on ! ,p5jb2 :i* !y did ! same ye> !y _h r$uc$ x4 ,!y appo9t$ ,adna ,bg ,khn gov]nor ( ,lahore4 ,he di$ 9 ! ensu+ ye>2 &1 by 8 dea?1 af=d$ an opportunity to ! ,sikhs1 :i* !y eag]ly seiz$1 to make !mselves aga9 ma/]s ( ! prov9ce ( ,lahore4 ,_! success 01 h[ev]1 soon *eck$ by ,ahm$ ,%h ,abdli2 :o1 irritat$ by _! unsubdu$ turbul5ce1 & ob/9ate intrepidity1 made e ef=t 7aft] he _h ga9$ ! victory ( ,pnipat'h1 :i* e/abli%$ 8 supremacy at ,dehli7 to de/roy _! p[]2 &1 ) ?is view1 he ent]$ ! ,p5jb e>ly 9 #agfb1 & ov]ran ! :ole ( t c\ntry ) a num]\s army1 defeat+ & disp]s+ ! ,sikhs 9 e direction4 ,t sect1 unable to make any /& aga9/ ! army ( ! ,abdli1 pursu$ _! old plan ( retreat+ ne> ! m\nta9s2 & collect$ a l>ge =ce 9 ! nor!rn di/ricts ( ,s>h9d1 a di/ance ( above "o hundr$ miles f ,lahore1 :]e ! army ( ,ahm$ ,%h 0 encamp$4 ,"h !y conceiv$ !mselves to be 9 p]fect safety3 b t pr9ce made "o ( ^? rapid movem5ts = :i* he 0 s celebrat$1 & rea*+ ! ,sikh army on ! second day1 completely surpris$1 & defeat$ x ) great slaught]4 ,9 ?is action1 :i* 0 f\ght 9 ,febru>y1 #agfb1 ! ,sikhs are said to h lo/ upw>ds ( tw5ty ?\s& m51 & ! rema9d] fl$ into ! hills1 ab&on+ all ! l[] c\ntries to ! ,afghns1 :o committ$ e ravage t a b>b>\s & savage enemy c\ld devise4 ,amrits> 0 raz$ to ! gr\nd1 & ! sacr$ res]voir aga9 *oak$ ) its ru9s4 ,pyramids#fc 7 erect$1 & cov]$ ) ! heads ( slaught]$ ,sikhs3 & x is m5tion$1 t ,ahm$ ,%h caus$ ! walls ( ^? mosques1 :i* ! ,sikhs _h pollut$1 to be wa%$ ) _! blood1 t ! contam9ation might be remov$1 & ! insult (f]$ to ! religion ( ,muhamm$ expiat$#fd4 ,?is species ( savage retaliation appe>s to h animat$1 in/ead ( depress+1 ! c\rage ( ! ,sikhs2 :o1 ?\gh !y c\ld n v5ture to meet ,ahm$ ,%h's army 9 action1 h>ass$ x ) an incessant pr$atory w>f>e2 &1 :5 t sov]eign 0 oblig$1 by ! commotions ( ,afghni/an1 to return to ,cbul1 !y attack$ & defeat$ ! g5]al he _h left 9 ,lahore1 & made !mselves ma/]s ( t city1 9 :i* !y levell$ ) ! gr\nd ^? mosques :i* ! ,afghns _h1 a few mon?s be=e1 purifi$ ) ! blood ( _! bre?r54 ,ahm$ ,%h1 9 #agfc1 retook ,lahore1 & plund]$ ! prov9ces ar\nd x2 b1 be+ oblig$ to return to 8 own c\ntry 9 ! ensu+ ye>1 ! ,sikhs aga9 expell$ 8 g>rison1 & made !mselves ma/]s ( ! ,p5jb2 &1 f t p]iod until 8 dea?1 a con/ant w> 0 ma9ta9$1 9 :i* ! ent]prise & c\rage ( ! ,afghns gradually gave way be=e ! a/oni%+ activity & inv9cible p]sev]ance ( _! enemies2 :o1 if unable to /& a g5]al action1 retreat$ to imp5etrable m\nta9s1 & ! mom5t !y saw an advantage1 ru%$ aga9 into ! pla9s ) r5ew$ vig\r1 & recruit$ numb]s4 ,sev]al ,sikh au?ors1 treat+ ( ! ev5ts ( ?is p]iod1 m5tion a great action hav+ be5 f\ght1 by _! c\ntrym51 ne> ,amrits>1 aga9/ ! :ole ,afghn army1 comm&$ by ,ahm$ ,%h 9 p]son2 b !y diff] ) reg>d to ! date ( ?is battle1 "s fix+ x 9 #agfb1 & o!rs lat]4 ,!y pret5d t ! ,sikhs1 inspir$ by ! sacr$ness ( ! gr\nd on :i* ?is action 0 f\ght1 cont5d$ = victory aga9/ sup]ior numb]s ) ! mo/ desp]ate fury1 & t ! battle t]m9at$ 9 bo? p>ties quitt+ ! field1 )\t ei!r be+ able to claim ! lea/ advantage4 ,! hi/orians ( ,ahm$ ,%h are1 h[ev]1 sil5t reg>d+ ?is action2 :i*1 inde$1 f all ! ev5ts ( 8 long conte/s ) ! ,sikhs1 appe>s unlikely to h occurr$4 ,x is possible ! ,sikhs f\ght1 at ,amrits>1 ) a division ( ! ,afghn army1 & t might h be5 comm&$ by ! pr9ce2 b x is v improbable !y _h ev] =ce to enc\nt] ! conc5trat$ army ( ! ,abdlis2 be=e :i*1 :ile x rema9$ 9 a body1 !y appe>1 f ! fir/ to ! la/ ( _! conte/s ) t pr9ce1 to h always retreat$1 or r fl$4 ,! int]nal /ate ( ,afghni/an1 s9ce ! dea? ( ,ahm$ ,%h1 has prev5t$ ! progress ( ! ,sikh nation receiv+ any s]i\s *eck f t qu>t]2 & ! di/ract$ & p[]less condition ( ! empire ( ,india has (f]$ prov9ce aft] prov9ce to _! usurpation4 ,_! hi/ory1 dur+ ?is latt] p]iod1 af=ds little b a relation ( village w>f>e1 & pr$atory incursions4 ,_! ho/ilities 7 fir/ direct$ aga9/ ! num]\s ,muhamm$an *iefs :o 7 settl$ 9 ! ,p5jb1 & :o def5d$1 z long z !y c\ld1 _! jgrs1 or e/ates1 aga9/ !m3 b ^! h ei!r be5 conqu]$1 or r$uc$ to su* n>r[ limits1 z to owe _! security to _! insignificance1 or ! prec>i\s fri5d%ip ( "s p[]ful ,sikh *ief1 ^: support !y h ga9$2 & :o1 by protect+ !m aga9/ ! o!r lead]s ( 8 tribe1 obta9s a slight accession ( /r5g? & influ5ce4 ,! ,sikh nation1 :o h1 ?r\gh\t _! e>ly hi/ory1 always appe>$1 l a suppress$ flame1 to rise into high] spl5d\r f e attempt to cru% !m1 _h become1 :ile !y 7 oppress$1 z =midable = _! union1 z = _! det]m9$ c\rage & unconqu]able _s ( resi/ance3 b a /ate ( p]secution & di/ress 0 ! "o mo/ fav\rable = ! action ( a con/itution l !irs2 :i*1 =m$ ^u g5]al & ab/ract pr9ciples1 requir$ con/ant & great sacrifices ( p]sonal advantage to ! public good2 & su* c alone be expect$ f m51 act+ "u ! influ5ce ( t en?usiasm1 :i* ! f]vor ( a new religion1 or a /ruggle = indep5d5ce1 c alone imp>t1 & :i* are ev] mo/ readily made1 :5 x becomes obvi\s to all1 t a complete union 9 ! g5]al cause is ! only hope ( individual safety4 ,! ,sikhs w\ld appe>1 f _! own hi/orians1 to h attribut$ ! conque/s !y made entirely to _! val\r1 & to h altoge!r =got t !y ow$ !m *iefly to ! decl9e ( ! h\se ( ,taimr1 & ! diss5sions ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,cbul4 ,intoxicat$ ) _! success1 !y h giv5 way to all ^? passions :i* assail ! m9ds ( m5 9 ! possession ( p[]4 ,! desire1 :i* e petty *ief ent]ta9$1 ( increas+ 8 t]ritories1 ( build+ /rong =ts1 & add+ to ! numb]s ( 8 troops1 involv$ !m 9 int]nal w>s2 & ^!1 h[ev] comm5c$1 soon communicat$ to numb]s1 :o engag$ 9 ! dispute z passion or int]e/ dictat$4 ,?\gh su* feuds h1 no d\bt1 help$ to ma9ta9 _! milit>y _s1 yet _! ext5t & virul5ce h completely brok5 d[n t union1 :i* _! great legislator1 ,gv9d1 lab\r$ to e/abli%4 ,qu>rels h be5 transmitt$ f fa!r to son2 &1 9 a c\ntry :]e ! infant is devot$ to /eel1 & taught to consid] w> z 8 only occupation1 ^! c\ld n b multiply 9 an extraord9>y degree2 &1 indep5d5t ( ! comp>ative l>ge conque/s 9 :i* ! great] *iefs occasionally engag$1 e village#fe has become an object ( dispute2 & !re are few1 if any1 9 ! ,p5jb1 ! rule ( :i* is n conte/$ betwe5 bro!rs or ne> relations#ff4 ,9 su* a /ate1 x is obvi\s1 ! ,sikhs c\ld alone be =midable to ! mo/ weak & di/ract$ gov]nm5ts4 ,su*1 inde$1 0 ! "*1 till )9 a v late p]iod1 ( all _! neighb\rs2 & !y cont9u$ to plund]1 ) impunity1 ! upp] prov9ces ( ,h9d/an1 until ! e/abli%m5t ( ! p[] ( ,daulet ,ro ,s9d1 :5 ! regul> brigades1 comm&$ by ,fr5* (fic]s 9 ! s]vice ( t pr9ce1 n only *eck$ _! inroads1 b made all ! ,sikh *iefs1 to ! s\?w>d ( ! ,satlj1 ackn[l$ge ob$i5ce & pay tribute to ,s9d3 & x 0 9 ! contemplation ( ,g5]al ,p]ron1 _h ! w> ) ! ,engli% gov]nm5t n occurr$1 to h subdu$ ! ,p5jb1 & made ! ,indus ! limit ( 8 possession3 & e p]son acqua9t$ ) 8 means1 & ) ! condition & res\rces ( ! ,sikhs1 mu/ be satisfi$ he w\ld h accompli%$ ?is project ) great ease1 & at a v e>ly p]iod4 ,:5 ,holkr fl$ into ! ,p5jb1 9 #ahje1 & 0 pursu$ by t illu/ri\s ,briti% comm&]1 ,"l ,lake1 a complete opportunity 0 giv5 ( obs]v+ ! actual /ate ( ?is nation1 :i* 0 f\nd weak & di/ract$1 9 a degree t c\ld h>dly h be5 imag9$4 ,x 0 altoge!r de/itute ( union4 ,& ?\gh a ,gr-mat1 or national c\ncil1 0 call$1 ) a view to decide on ^? means by :i* !y c\ld be/ av]t ! dang] by :i* _! c\ntry 0 ?reat5$1 f ! pres5ce ( ! ,engli% & ,mahrta armies1 x 0 att5d$ by few *iefs3 & mo/ ( ! abs5tees1 :o _h any p[]1 7 bold & =w>d 9 _! (f]s to resi/ any resolution to :i* ?is c\ncil might come4 ,! intrigues & negotiations ( all appe>$1 inde$1 at ?is mom5t1 to be entirely direct$ to objects ( p]sonal res5tm5t1 or p]sonal aggr&izem5t2 & e %ad[ ( t concord1 :i* once =m$ ! /r5g? ( ! ,sikh nation1 seem$ to be ext+ui%$4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! sacr$ volume ( ! ,sikhs4 ,! *ief1 :o gave me ?is copy1 s5t x at night1 & ) ei!r a real or affect$ reluctance1 aft] hav+ obta9$ a promise t ,i w\ld treat x ) great respect4 ,i und]/&1 h[ev]1 t ! indefatigable rese>* ( ,mr4 ,colebrooke has procur$ n only ! ,ad-,grant'h1 b also ! ,dasima ,pd%h k ,grant'h2 & t1 consequ5tly1 he is 9 possession ( ! two mo/ sacr$ books ( ! ,sikhs4 #b ,sikh or ,sic%a1 is a ,sanscrit ^w1 :i* means a disciple1 or devot$ foll[]4 ,9 ! ,p5jb x is corrupt$ into ,sikh3 x is a g5]al t]m1 & applicable to any p]son t foll[s a p>ticul> tea*]4 #c ,?is village1 or r t[n1 = su* x has become1 is n[ call$ ,ryapr4 ,x is situat$ on ! banks ( ! ,byah1 or ,hyphasis4 #d ,he is call$1 by "s au?ors1 ,kl ,vd2 b ,vd is a "n d]iv$ f 8 tribe or family4 #e ,sev]al ,sikh au?ors h be5 v precise 9 e/abli%+ ! date ( ! consummation ( ?is m>riage1 :i* !y fix 9 ! mon? ( ,zrh1 ( ! ,h9d ra ( ,vicramditya1 #aede4 #f ,bla ,s&'h1 :o gave ?is advice1 cont9u$1 ?r\gh ,nnac's life1 to be 8 fav\rite att5dant & disciple4 #g ,! v5]ation :i* ! ,h9ds h = ! snake is well kn[n2 & ?is tradition1 l _m o!rs1 proves ! atta*m5t ( ! ,sikh writ]s to t my?ology1 ! errors ( :i* !y pret5d to h :olly ab&on$4 #h ,ry1 a title inf]ior to t ( a ,rjah1 g5]ally appli$ to ! ,h9d *ief ( a village1 or small di/rict4 #i ,?is rem>kable anecdote 9 ,nnac's life is told v diff]5tly by diff]5t ,sikh au?ors4 ,i h foll[$ ! n>rative ( ,bhacta ,mall4 ,!y all agree 9 ,nnac's hav+1 at ?is p]iod1 quitt$ ! occupations ( ! _w1 & become ,fakr4 #aj ,bhai ,gr ,vali1 au?or ( ! ,gnyna ,ratnvali1 a "w writt5 9 ! ,sikh dialect ( ! ,p5jb4 #aa ,?\gh 8 biograph]s h ascrib$ miracles to ,nnac1 we nev] f9d t he pret5d$ to "w any3 on ! contr>y1 he d]id$ ^? :o did1 z d]iv+ p[] f evil spirits4 #ab ,x is believ$ t ?is "w ( ,nnac has be5 incorporat$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,ad-,grant'h4 #ac ,?is int]view mu/ h tak5 place 9 #aebf or #aebg2 z x is /at$ to h be5 imm$iately aft] ,daulet ,khn ,ld _h visit$ ,paniput1 9 #aebf2 :]e t pr9ce _h f\ght1 & subdu$ ,ibrahim1 emp]or ( ,h9d/an4 #ad ,recluse p5it5ts1 :o1 by means ( m5tal & corporeal mortifications1 h acquir$ a comm& ov] ! p[]s ( nature4 #ae ,krtipr ,dehra1 on ! banks ( ! ,rvi1 or ,hydraotes4 #af ,he is1 ?r\gh\t ?is sket*1 call$ ,nnac4 ,muhamm$an hi/orians g5]ally t]m him ,nnac ,%h1 to d5ote 8 be+ a ,fakr1 ! "n ( ,%h be+ frequ5tly giv5 to m5 ( celebrity 9 t sect4 ,! ,sikhs1 9 speak+ ( him1 call him ,bb ,nnac1 or ,gr ,nnac1 fa!r ,nnac1 or ,nnac ! tea*]2 & _! writ]s t]m him ,nnac ,nir9k>1 :i* means ,nnac ! omnipres5t4 #ag ,?is fanciful etymology repres5ts ! ^w ,angad z a comp\nd ( ! ,sanscrit ,ang1 :i* signifies body1 & ! ,p]sian ,khd1 :i* signifies own4 ,?is mixture ( language is q common 9 ! j>gon ( ! ,p5jb4 #ah ,angad di$ at ,kh&r1 a village ab\t =ty miles ea/ ( ,lahore4 #ai ,?\gh a contr>y belief is inculcat$ by ,nnac1 ! ,sikhs1 l ! ,h9ds1 are incl9$ to be pr$e/9>ians1 & ?is gives _! m9ds a great t5d5cy to view accid5ts z decrees ( ,provid5ce2 & x is probable t ?is in/ance ( e>ly good =tune 9 ,rm ,ds1 by impress+ 8 c\ntrym5 ) an idea ( 8 be+ p>ticul>ly fav\r$ ( ,heav51 gave rise to an impression t promot$1 9 no slight degree1 t success :i* x anticipat$4 #bj ,no dates ( ! ev5ts :i* occurr$ dur+ ! rule ( ,rm ,ds are giv5 9 any ( ! au?orities f :i* ?is sket* is drawn4 ,"o au?or1 h[ev]1 /ates1 t he liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,akb]1 & 0 hon\r$ ) ! fav\r ( t truly tol]ant & great emp]or4 #ba ,arjunmal1 or ,arjun1 z he is m commonly call$1 accord+ to ,b'hai ,gr ,ds ,b'hal1 ! au?or ( ! ,gnyn ,ratnval1 0 n initiat$ 9 ! sacr$ my/]ies ( 8 fa!r4 ,?is au?or says1 t ,arjun1 ?\gh a secul> man1 did n suff] ! (fice ( ,gr1 or prie/1 to leave ! ,sndi tribe4 ,l a sub/ance1 he adds1 :i* none else c\ld dige/1 ! prop]ty ( ! family rema9$ 9 ! family4 #bb ,grant'h means book2 b1 z a m>k ( its sup]iority to all o!rs1 is giv5 to ?is "w1 z ,! ,book4 ,ad-,grant'h means1 ! fir/ ,grant'h1 or book1 & is g5]ally giv5 to ?is "w to di/+ui% x f ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 or ! book ( ! t5? k+1 compos$ by ,gr ,gv9d4 #bc ,?\gh ! orig9al ,ad-,grant'h 0 compil$ by ,arjunmal1 f ! writ+s ( ,nnac1 ,angad1 ,am]a ,ds1 & ,rm ,ds1 & enl>g$ & improv$ by 8 own additions & comm5t>ies1 "s small portions h be5 subsequ5tly add$ by ?irte5 diff]5t p]sons1 ^: numb]s1 h[ev]1 are r$uc$1 by ! ,sikh au?ors1 to twelve & a half3 ! la/ contributor to ?is sacr$ volume be+ a woman1 is only admitt$ to rank 9 ! li/ z a fraction1 by ^! ungallant writ]s4 #bd ,sev]al hi/orical acc\nts ( ! ,sikhs1 p>ticul>ly t publi%$ by ,major ,br[ne1 :i* is1 9 g5]al1 drawn f au!ntic s\rces1 appe> to be 9 error ) reg>d to ! p]iod at :i* ?is race fir/ took arms1 :i* ! la/ au?or /ates to h occurr$ "u ,gr ,gv9d2 b sev]al ,sikh au?ors1 ( great respectability & in=mation1 agree 9 ascrib+ to ! ef=ts ( ,h> ,gv9d1 ! son ( ,arjun1 ?is great *ange 9 ! ,sikh commonweal?2 & _! correctness1 9 ?is po9t1 appe>s to be plac$ beyond all "q1 by a passage 9 ! ,ratnval ( ,b'hai ,gr ,ds ,b'hal2 :o obs]ves1 ,t five phials 7( div9e grace7 7 di/ribut$ to five ,prs 7holy m571 b ! six? ,pr 0 a mighty ,gr 7prie/74 ,arjun ?rew (f 8 e>?ly frame1 & ! =m ( ,h> ,gv9d m\nt$ ! seat ( au?ority4 ,! ,sndi race cont9u$ exhibit+ _! diff]5t =ms 9 _! turns4 ,h> ,gv9d 0 ! de/roy] ( armies1 a m>tial ,gr 7prie/71 a great w>rior1 & p]=m$ great actions4 ,! mi/ake ( "s ,european writ]s on ?is subject probably orig9at$ 9 a confusion ( v]bal acc\nts2 & ! simil>ity ( ! "n ( ,h> ,gv9d1 ! son ( ,arjunmal1 & ,gvnd1 ! la/ & greate/ ( ! ,sikh ,grs1 ! son ( ,tgh ,bahdur4 ,9 ! ,p]sian sket*1 :i* ,major ,br[ne translates1 ! "n ( ,h> ,gv9d is n m5tion$4 ,! son ( ,arjunmal is call$ ,gr ,rm ,ry1 :i* is obvi\sly a mi/ake ( ! au?or ( t manuscript4 #be ,nnac _h =bidd5 hog's fle%1 ?\gh a common species ( food among ! l[] tribe ( ,h9ds1 9 compliance ) ! prejudices ( ! ,muhamm$ans1 :om x 0 8 great wi% to reconcile to 8 fai? by e concession & p]suasion4 #bf ,x is /at$1 by a ,sikh au?or nam$ ,n&1 t ,h> ,gv9d1 dur+ 8 m9i/ry1 e/abli%$ ! practice ( invok+ ! ?ree great ,h9d deities1 ,brahm1 ,vi%nu1 & ,sva3 b ?is is n confirm$ by any o!r au?ority :i* ,i h se54 #bg ,! viol5t conte/s ( ! ,sikhs are m5tion$ by mo/ ( _! writ]s2 &1 ?\gh !y disagree 9 _! acc\nts1 !y all repres5t ,tgh ,behdur z fall+ ! innoc5t sacrifice ( ,muhamm$an despotism & intol]ance2 :i*1 f ! evid5ce ( all respectable contempor>y ,muhamm$an au?ors1 w\ld appe> n to be ! fact4 ,tgh ,behdur1 agreeable to !m1 provok$ 8 execution by a s]ies ( crimes4 ,he jo9$1 !y /ate1 ) a ,moslem ,fakr1 ( ! "n ( ,hafiz ed ,dn2 &1 support$ by a body ( arm$ m5dicants1 committ$ ! mo/ viol5t depr$ations on ! peaceable inhabitants ( ! ,p5jb4 ,! au?or ( ! ,seir ,mutkhh]9 says he 01 9 consequ5ce ( ^! excesses1 put to dea? at ,gwalior1 & 8 body cut into f\r qu>t]s1 "o ( :i* 0 hung up at ea* gate ( ! =tress4 #bh ,a ,sikh college 0 f\nd$ 9 t city4 #bi ,a t[n on ! ,satlj4 #cj ,gr ,gv9d is /at$1 by a ,sikh au?or ( respectability1 ,b'hai ,gr ,ds ,b'hal1 to h be5 f\rte5 ye>s ( age :5 8 fa!r 0 put to dea?4 #ca ,! object ( ,nnac 0 to aboli% ! di/9ctions ( ca/ among/ ! ,h9ds1 & to br+ !m to ! adoration ( t ,supreme ,be+1 be=e :om all m51 he cont5d$1 7 equal4 ,gr ,gv9d1 :o adopt$ all ! pr9ciples ( 8 celebrat$ pr$ecessor1 z f> z religi\s usages 7 conc]n$1 is report$ to h said1 on ?is subject1 t ! f\r tribes ( ,h9ds1 ! ,brhm51 ,c%atrya1 ,vaisya1 & ,sdra1 w\ld1 l pn 7betle-leaf71 *unm 7lime71 supri 7betle-nut71 & khat 7t]ra japonica1 or cate*u71 become all ( "o col\r1 :5 well *ew$4 #cb ,"s m5 ( ! l[e/ ,h9d tribe1 ( ! occupation ( sweep]s1 7 employ$ to br+ away ! corpse ( ,tgh ,bhadur f ,dehli4 ,_! success 0 rew>d$ by high rank & employm5t4 ,sev]al ( ! same tribe1 :o h become ,sikhs1 h be5 rem>kable = _! val\r1 & h atta9$ great reputation4 ,!y are di/+ui%$1 among ! ,sikhs1 by ! "n ( ,ran-,rata ,s+h4 #cc ,t is1 equal 9 civil rights4 ,he wi%$ to remove ! disqualifications ( bir?1 & d away ca/4 ,t he did n completely effect ?is object1 & t "s di/9ctions ( _! =m] tribes1 p>ticul>ly ^? relat+ to int]m>riage1 %\ld /ill be kept up by ! ,sikhs1 _c be a matt] ( a/oni%m5t to ^? acqua9t$ ) ! deep-root$ prejudices ( ! ,h9ds ^u ?is po9t2 :i* is z mu* a feel+ ( family pride z ( religi\s usage4 #cd ,spiritual lead]4 #ce ,! goddess ,durg ,bhavn is said1 by a ,sikh au?or1 to be repres5t$1 9 "s images1 ) h] hair long & di%evell$4 #cf ,?is in/itution is also said to be borr[$ f ! ,h9d my?ology4 ,bla ,rm1 ! eld] bro!r ( ,cri%na1 wore blue clo!s2 f :i* he is call$ ,nilmb>1 or ! clo!d 9 d>k blue2 & ,%itivas1 or ! blue clo!d4 #cg ,"o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ^! fables /ates1 t 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hj]ah #aaah1 ,gr ,gv9d1 agreeably to ! directions he _h receiv$ f two ,brhm5 necromanc]s1 ?rew a numb] ( magical comp\nds1 giv5 him by ^! ,brhm5s1 into a fire1 ne> :i* he cont9u$ 9 pray]s = sev]al days4 ,a sword ( lightn+ at la/ bur/ f ! flame ( fire2 b ,gv9d1 in/ead ( seiz+ ?is sword 9 an undaunt$ mann]1 z he 0 in/ruct$1 0 dazzl$ by its spl5d\r1 & %runk f x 9 al>m4 ,! sword in/antly flew to heav52 f :5ce a l\d voice 0 he>d to say1 ,gr ,gv9d6 ?y wi%es %all be fulfill$ by ?y po/]ity1 & ?y foll[]s %all daily increase4 ,! ,brhm5s 7 9 despair at ?is failure2 b1 aft] deep reflection1 !y told ,gv9d1 !re 0 /ill "o mode ( acquir+ t hon\r = himself1 :i* appe>$1 by ! decree t _h be5 pron\nc$1 doom$ = 8 po/]ity4 ,if he w\ld only all[ !m to take (f 8 head1 & ?r[ x into ! fire1 he w\ld be resuscitat$ to ! enjoym5t ( ! greate/ glory4 ,! ,gr excus$ himself f try+ ?is exp]im5t1 decl>+ t he 0 cont5t t 8 desc5dants %\ld enjoy ! fruits ( t tree :i* he _h plant$4 #ch ,^! ,rjs appe>1 f ! same au?ority1 to be desc5d$ 9 a direct l9e f ,h9d gods4 #ci ,! foll[+ %ort extract f ! translation ( ! ,vi*itra ,ntac1 w %[ t ,gv9d gave 8 fri5ds _! full me$ ( praise1 & w also exhibit ! "* ( 8 /yle3 ,cripl rages1 wield+ 8 mace3 he cru%$ ! skull ( ! fi]ce ,hyt ,khn4 ,he made ! blood spurt al(t1 & scatt]$ ! bra9s ( ! *ief1 z ,cri%na cru%$ ! e>!n vessel ( butt]4 ,!n ,n& ,*& rag$ 9 dreadful ire1 laun*+ ! spe>1 & wield+ ! sword4 ,he broke 8 ke5 scimit>1 & drew 8 dagg]1 to support ! hon\r ( ! ,sndi race4 ,!n my mat]nal uncle1 ,cripl1 advanc$ 9 8 rage1 & exhibit$ ! skilful w>-feats ( a true ,c%atrya4 ,! mighty w>rior1 ?\gh /ruck by an arr[1 ) ano!r made a valiant ,khn fall f 8 saddle1 & ,sheb ,*&1 ( ! ,c%atrya race1 /rove 9 ! battle's fury1 & slew a blood-?ir/y ,khn1 a w>rior ( ,khorsan4 ,aft] record+ ! actions ( _m o!rs1 ,gv9d ?us describes 8 own de$s3 ,! blood-dr9k+ spectres & gho/s yell$ = c>nage2 ! fi]ce ,vetla1 ! *ief ( ! spectres1 laugh$ = joy1 & /]nly prep>$ = 8 repa/4 ,! vultures hov]$ ar\nd1 scream+ = _! prey4 ,h>i ,*&1 7a ,h9d *ief 9 ! emp]or's army17 9 8 wra?1 draw+ 8 b[1 fir/ /ruck my /e$ ) an arr[3 aim+ a second "t1 he dis*>g$ 8 arr[2 b ! ,deity pres]v$ me1 & x pass$ me1 & only graz$ my e>4 ,8 ?ird arr[ /ruck my brea/3 x tore op5 ! mail1 & pi]c$ ! sk91 leav+ a slight sc>2 b ! ,god :om ,i adore sav$ me4 ,:5 ,i felt ?is hurt1 my ang] 0 k9dl$2 ,i drew my b[ & dis*>g$ an arr[3 all my *ampions did ! same1 ru%+ onw>ds to ! battle4 ,!n ,i aim$ at ! "y h]o1 & /ruck him4 ,h>i ,*& p]i%$1 & _m ( 8 ho/2 dea? dev\r$ him1 :o 0 call$ a ,rj among a hundr$ ?\s& ,rjs4 ,!n all ! ho/1 /ruck ) con/]nation1 fl$1 des]t+ ! field ( combat4 ,i obta9$ ! victory ?r\gh ! fav\r ( ! ,mo/ ,high2 &1 victori\s 9 ! field1 we rais$ al\d ! song ( triumph4 ,ri*es fell on u l ra91 & all our w>riors 7 glad4 #dj ,hyt ,khn & ,nejbet ,khn are m5tion$ z two ( ! pr9cipal *iefs ( ! emp]or's army t fell 9 ?is fir/ action4 ,gv9d1 speak+ ( ! fall ( ! latt]1 says3 ,:5 ,nejbet ,khn fell1 ! _w exclaim$1 ,alas6 b ! region ( ,sw>ga 7! heav5s7 %\t$ victory4 #da ,a m\nta9\s tract ( c\ntry1 t bord]s on ! ,p5jb4 ,x lies to ! ,n4 ,w4 ( ,srnag>1 & ! ,s4 ,e4 ( ,jammu4 ,! pres5t ,rj1 ,sansr ,*&1 is a *ief ( great respectability4 ,8 c\ntry has lately be5 ov]run by ! ,rj ( ,nepl & ,gore'ha4 ,i d]iv$ consid]able in=mation reg>d+ ?is family1 & _! t]ritories1 f ! envoy ( ,sansr ,*&1 :o att5d$ ,"l ,lake1 9 #ahje1 :5 ! ,briti% army 0 9 ! ,p5jb4 #db ,?\gh ! acc\nt ( ?is w> is giv5 9 a /yle suffici5tly inflat$ = ! w>s ( ! demons & angels2 yet1 z ,gv9d relates1 t ,husa9 ,khn return$ a mess5g]1 :i* "o ( ! pr9cipal ,rjs _h s5t him1 ) ?is message to 8 ma/]2 ,pay d[n t5 ?\s& rupees1 or de/ruction desc5ds on ?y head2 we may judge1 bo? f ! dem&1 & ! am\nt ( ! contribution1 ( ! nature ( ?is conte/1 z well z its scale4 ,x 0 evid5tly "o ( ^? petty prov9cial w>s1 :i* took place 9 e remote "p ( ! ,indian empire1 :5 x 0 di/ract$3 &1 at ?is p]iod1 ,aurungzb 0 :olly engag$ 9 ! ,dek'h91 & ! nor!rn prov9ces 7 consequ5tly neglect$1 & _! gov]nm5ts 9 a weak & unsettl$ /ate4 #dc ,?is mu/ h be5 9 ! ye> #agja1 :5 ,bahd] ,%h 0 deta*$ f ! ,dek'h9 to take *>ge ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,cbul1 & 0 probably ord]$1 at ! same "t1 to settle ! di/urbances 9 ! ,p5jb4 #dd ,!re is a rem>kable passage 9 ?is *apt]1 9 :i* ,gr ,gv9d appe>s to ackn[l$ge ! supremacy ( ! emp]or4 ,god1 he says1 =m$ bo? ,bb 7,nnac7 & ,bb] 7! emp]or ( t "n74 ,look ^u ,bb z ! ,pd%h 7k+7 ( religion1 & ,bb]1 ! "l ( ! _w4 ,he :o w n give ,nnac a s+le damri1 7a co9 ! sixte5? "p ( an ana17 w receive a sev]e puni%m5t f ,bb]4 #de ,kahilr1 or ,kahlre1 is situat$ on ! ,satlj1 above ,mk'havl4 ,x is ne> ! m\nta9s ?r\gh :i* t riv] fl[s into ! ,p5jb4 ,ano!r place ( ! "n ( ,kahilr1 or ,kahlre1 is situat$ a %ort di/ance f ,lahore1 to ! ,n4 ,e4 ( t city4 #df ,! ,muhamm$an au?ors blame ,vzr ,khn = ?is unnecess>y & impolitic act ( b>b>ity4 #dg ,bhavn ,durg4 #dh ,9 ! ,p5jbi n>rative ( ,b'hai ,gr ,ds ,b'hal1 ! actions ( ,ajit ,s+h1 & ,ranjt ,s+h1 sons ( ,gv9d1 are p>ticul>ly describ$2 &1 f "o "p ( ! description1 x w\ld appe> t ! family ( ,gv9d1 pr\d ( _! desc5t1 _h n laid aside ! zunr1 or holy cord1 to :i* !y 71 z belong+ to ! ,c%atrya race1 entitl$4 ,speak+ ( ^! y\?s1 ! au?or says3 ,slaught]+ e ,turk & ,pahlan :om !y saw1 !y adorn$ _! sacr$ /r+s1 by conv]t+ !m into sword-belts4 ,return+ f ! field1 !y s\ght _! fa!r1 :o be/[$ a hundr$ bless+s on _! scimet>s4 #di ,! ,sikh au?or1 ?\gh he may reject ! sup]/iti\s idolatry ( ! ,h9ds1 adorns 8 descriptions ) e image its my?ology c furni%2 & claims = 8 h]o ! same high hon\rs 9 ,sw>ga1 t a ,brhm5 w\ld expect = "o ( ! ,pndu race4 #ej ,mr4 ,fo/] has foll[$ ?is au?ority 9 8 acc\nt ( ! ,sikh nation3 & ,i am incl9$ to believe t ! "p ( x :i* relates to ,gr ,gv9d's dy+ at ,nadr1 9 ! ,dek'h91 ( a w\nd receiv$ f a ,patn1 is correct2 z x is writt5 on ! la/ page ( a copy ( ! ,ad-,grant'h1 9 my possession1 ) sev]al o!r facts relative to ! dates ( ! bir?s & dea?s ( ! pr9cipal high prie/s ( ! ,sikhs4 #ea ,bo? at ,*amkur1 & o!r =ts1 f :i* ! fami%$ ,sikhs attempt$ to escape1 _m ( !m 7 tak51 & _h _! noses & e>s cut (f4 #eb ,mean+ ,sikhs2 ^: fai?1 ?\gh x diff]s widely f ! pres5t wor%ip ( ! ,h9ds1 has be5 ?\ght to h consid]able analogy to ! pure & simple religion orig9ally foll[$ by t nation4 #ec ,?is prov9ce lies a few miles to ! ,n4 ,e4 ( ,delhi1 betwe5 ! riv]s ,jumna & ,ganges4 #ed ,!y 7 tak5 9 ! =t ( ,lhgad1 :i* is "o hundr$ miles to ! nor?-ea/ ( ,lahore4 ,?is =tress 0 completely surr\nd$1 & ! ,sikhs 7 only />v$ into surr5d]1 hav+ be5 r$uc$ to su* extremes1 t !y 7 report$ to h eat51 :at to !m mu/ h be5 mo/ horrible1 ! fle% ( ! c[4 #ee ,! au?or ( ! ,seir ,mutkh]94 #ef ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to /ate1 t !re is a s*ismatical sect ( ,sikhs1 :o are t]m$ ,b&i1 or ! foll[]s ( ,b&a1 :o totally d5y ?is acc\nt ( ! dea? ( ,b&a1 & ma9ta9 t he escap$ sev]ely w\nd$ f 8 la/ battle1 & took refuge 9 ,b'hab>1 :]e he quietly end$ 8 days1 leav+ two sons1 ,ajit ,s+h & ,zorw] ,s+h1 :o successfully propagat$ 8 doctr9e4 ,?is sect *iefly resides 9 ,multn1 ,tata1 & ! o!r cities on ! banks ( ! ,indus4 ,!y receive ! ,ad-,grant'h1 b n ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h4 #eg ,an acc\nt ( ?is class ( ,sikhs w be h]eaft] giv54 #eh ,a4 ,d4 #agdf4 #ei ,! c\ntry betwe5 ! riv]s ,rav & ,byah1 & t riv] & ! ,satlj4 #fj ,a sect ( non-con=mi/ ,sikhs1 :o believe 9 ! ,ad-,grant'h ( ,nnac1 b d n con=m to ! in/itutions ( ,gr ,gv9d4 ,!y are call$ ,khalsa4 ,?is ^w is said1 by "s1 to be f khlis1 pure or select1 & to mean ! pure/1 or ! select3 by o!rs1 f khals1 free1 & to mean ! fre$ or exempt1 allud+ to ! tribe be+ exempt f ! usages impos$ on ! o!r ,sikhs4 #fa ,a4 ,d4 #ageb4 #fb ,! empire ( ! ,mahrtas _h1 at ?is pr\d mom5t1 rea*$ its z5i?4 ,! battle ( ,pnipat'h took place soon aft]w>ds2 s9ce :i* x has rapidly decl9$4 #fc ,?is is a v common usage among/ ea/]n conqu]ors4 ,! hi/ory ( ,jnghz ,khn1 ,taimr & ,ndir ,%h1 af=d _m examples ( ?is mode ( treat+ _! vanqui%$ enemies4 #fd ,fo/]'s ,travels1 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #bgi4 #fe ,all ! villages 9 ! ,p5jb are wall$ r\nd2 z !y are 9 almo/ all ! c\ntries ( ,india t are expos$ to sudd5 incursions ( horse1 :i* ?is def5ce c always repel4 #ff ,:5 ! ,briti% & ,mhrta armies ent]$ ! ,p5jb1 !y 7 bo? daily jo9$ by discont5t$ petty *iefs ( ! ,sikhs1 :o (f]$ _! aid to ! p[] t w\ld put !m 9 ! possession ( a village or a =t1 f :i*1 agreeably to _! /atem5t1 !y _h be5 unju/ly exclud$ by a fa!r or bro!r4 ,holkr enc\rag$ ^! applications1 & us$ !m to 8 advantage4 ,! ,briti% comm&] ab/a9$ f all int]f]5ce 9 su* disputes4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,nei!r ! limits ( ?is sket*1 nor ! mat]ials f :i* x is drawn1 w admit ( my giv+ a p>ticul> or correct acc\nt ( ! c\ntries possess$ by ! ,sikhs1 or ( _! =ms ( gov]nm5t1 mann]s1 & habits3 b a cursory view ( ^! subjects may be useful1 & may excite & direct t curiosity :i* x _c expect to gratify4 ,! c\ntry n[ possess$ by ! ,sikhs1 :i* rea*es f latitude #bh #dj' to beyond latitude #cb ,n41 & includes all ! ,p5jb#fg1 a small "p ( ,multn1 & mo/ ( t tract ( c\ntry :i* lies betwe5 ! ,jumna & ! ,satlj1 is b\nd$1 to ! nor?w>d & we/w>d1 by ! t]ritories ( ! k+ ( ,cbul2 to ! ea/w>d1 by ! possessions ( ! m\nta9e] ,rjs ( ,jammu1 ,nadn1 & ,srnag>2 & to ! s\?w>d1 by ! t]ritories ( ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 & ! s&y des]ts ( ,jasalmr & ,hnsy ,8r4 ,! ,sikhs1 :o inhabit ! c\ntry betwe5 ! ,satlj & ! ,jumna1 are call$ ,mlaw ,s+h1 & 7 almo/ all conv]t$ f ! ,h9d tribes ( ,jts & ,guj>s4 ,! title ( ,mlaw ,s+h 0 conf]r$ ^u !m = _! extraord9>y gallantry1 "u ! ,barg ,b&a1 :o is /at$ to h decl>$1 t ! c\ntries grant$ to !m %\ld be fruitful z ,mlw1 "o ( ! prov9ces#fh 9 ,india4 ,! pr9cipal *iefs among ! ,mlaw ,s+hs1 are1 ,sheb ,s+h1 ( ,patil2 ,b'hang ,s+h1 ( ,t'hnsur2 ,b'hg ,s+h1 ( ,jh9d2 & ,b'hailal ,s+h1 ( ,ke9tal4 ,besides ^!1 !re are sev]al inf]ior *iefs1 su* z ,grdah ,s+h1 ,jud'h ,s+h1 & ,c>m ,s+h2 all ( :om h a few villages1 & "s horse1 & consid] !mselves indep5d5t2 ?\gh !y1 9 g5]al1 are cont5t to secure _! possessions by atta*+ !mselves to "o or o!r ( ! m p[]ful lead]s4 ,! c\ntry ( ! ,mlaw ,s+h is1 9 "s p>ts1 fruitful3 b ^? di/ricts ( x1 :i* bord] on ,hnsy & ,c>nl1 are v b>r52 be+ cov]$ ) l[ wood1 &1 9 _m places1 almo/ de/itute ( wat]4 ,s>h9d 0 =m]ly ! capital ( ?is c\ntry2 b x is n[ a complete ru91 & has probably nev] recov]$ ! dreadful ravages ( ! ,bairg ,b&a1 :o is /at$ n only to h de/roy$ its mosques1 b to h levell$ all its palaces & public build+s ) ! gr\nd4 ,patil is n[ ! l>ge/ & mo/ fl\ri%+ t[n ( ?is prov9ce1 & next to x ,t'hnsur1 :i* is /ill held 9 high religi\s v5]ation by ! ,h9ds2 :o h also a v high rev]5ce = ! riv] ,s]aswet1 :i* fl[s ?r\gh ?is prov9ce4 ,! t]ritories ( ! *iefs ( ,mlaw ,s+h are b\nd$ to ! ,n4 ,w4 by ! ,satlj2 betwe5 :i* & ! ,byah1 is ! c\ntry call$ ! ,jalndra ,beit1 or ,jalndra ,db2 ! ,sikhs inhabit+ :i* are call$ ! ,db ,s+h1 or ! ,s+hs :o dwell betwe5 ! riv]s#fi4 ,! c\ntry ( ,jalndra ,db1 :i* rea*es f ! m\nta9s to ! junction ( ! ,satlj & ! ,byah1 is ! mo/ fruitful ( all ! possessions ( ! ,sikhs2 & is1 p]haps1 excell$ 9 climate & vegetation by no prov9ce ( ,india4 ,! soil is light1 b v productive3 ! c\ntry1 :i* is op5 & level1 ab\nds ) e k9d ( gra94 ,t want ( wat]1 :i* is s mu* felt 9 o!r p>ts ( ,india1 mu/ be "h unkn[n2 z x is f\nd e :]e 9 abundance1 )9 two1 or at fur!/ ?ree1 feet f ! surface ( ! soil4 ,! t[ns ( ,jalndra & ,sultnpr are ! pr9cipal 9 ! ,db4 ,! c\ntry betwe5 ! ,byah & ,rv riv]s is call$ ,bri ,db1 or ,mnj'h2 & ! ,sikhs inhabit+ x are call$ ,mnj'h ,s+h4 ,! cities ( ,lahore & ,amrits> are bo? 9 ?is prov9ce2 & x becomes1 9 consequ5ce1 ! great c5tre ( ! p[] ( ?is nation4 ,ranjt ,s+h1 ( ,lahore2 ,fateh ,s+h#gj1 ( ,alluwl2 & ,jud'h ,s+h1 ( ,rmgadi#ga2 are ! pr9cipal *iefs ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! c\ntry ( ,bri is said to be less f]tile1 p>ticul>ly t[>ds ! m\nta9s1 ?an ,jalndra2 b1 z x lies on ! same level1 x mu/ possess ne>ly ! same climate & soil4 ,! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry betwe5 ! ,rv & ,*anhb1 are call$ ,d'h>p ,s+h1 f ! c\ntry be+ call$ ,d'h>p4 ,! ,d'hanghb ,s+h are beyond ! ,*anhb#gb1 b )9 ! ,jhalam riv]4 ,! ,s9d ,s+h is ! t]m by :i* ! inhabitants ( ! di/ricts "u ! ,sikhs1 bord]+ on ! ,s9d1 are kn[n2 & ,naki ,s+h is ! "n giv5 to ! ,sikhs :o reside 9 ,multn4 ,) ! lead]s ( ! ,sikhs 9 ^! prov9ces1 ! ext5t ( _! possessions1 or ! climate & productions ( ! c\ntry "u _! rule1 ,i am little acqua9t$4 ,^? 9 ,multn1 z well z ^? settl$ on ! riv] ,jhalam1 are said to be con/antly engag$ 9 a pr$atory w>f>e1 ei!r ) ! (fic]s ( ! ,afghn gov]nm5t1 or ) ,muhamm$an *iefs :o h jgrs 9 _! vic9ity4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,sikhs1 consid]$ 9 its !ory1 may1 z has be5 be=e /at$1 be t]m$ a !ocracy4 ,!y obey a temporal *ief1 x is true2 b t *ief pres]ves 8 p[] & au?ority by pr(ess+ himself ! s]vant ( ! ,khls#gc1 or gov]nm5t1 :i* c only be said to act1 9 times ( great public em]g5cy1 ?r\gh ! means ( a national c\ncil1 ( :i* e *ief is a memb]1 & :i* is suppos$ to delib]ate & resolve "u ! imm$iate inspiration & impulse ( an invisible be+2 :o1 !y believe1 always wat*es ov] ! int]e/s ( ! commonweal?4 ,! nature ( ! p[] e/abli%$ by ! temporal *iefs ( ! ,sikhs1 has be5 suffici5tly expla9$ 9 ! n>rative ( _! hi/ory4 ,x w be necess>y1 be=e any acc\nt is giv5 ( ! =ms & actions ( _! ,gr-mat1 or great national c\ncil1 :i* is int5d$ to h a supreme au?ority ov] _! f$]ative republic1 to take a view ( t body ( ,acls1 or immortals1 :o1 "u ! d\ble "* ( fanatic prie/s & desp]ate soldi]s1 h usurp$ ! sole direction ( all religi\s affairs at ,amrits>1 & are1 consequ5tly1 lead+ m5 9 a c\ncil :i* is held at t sacr$ place1 & :i* delib]ates "u all ! influ5ce ( religi\s en?usiasm4 ,! ,acls#gd are a class ( ,sikh devotees2 :o1 agreeably to ! hi/orians ( t nation1 7 fir/ f\nd$ by ,gr ,gv9d1 ^: in/itutes1 z x has be5 be=e /at$1 !y mo/ zeal\sly def5d$ aga9/ ! innovations ( ! ,bairg ,b&a4 ,!y we> blue *equ]$ clo!s1 & bangles1 or bracelets ( /eel#ge1 r\nd _! wri/s1 initiate conv]ts1 & h almo/ ! sole direction ( ! religi\s c]emonies at ,amrits>1 :]e !y reside1 & ( :i* !y deem !mselves ! def5d]s2 &1 consequ5tly1 nev] desire to quit x unless 9 cases ( great extremity4 ,?is ord] ( ,sikhs h a place1 or ,bung#gf1 on ! bank ( ! sacr$ res]voir ( ,amrits>1 :]e !y g5]ally resort1 b are individually possess$ ( prop]ty1 ?\gh !y affect pov]ty1 & subsi/ ^u *>ity2 :i*1 h[ev]1 s9ce _! numb]s h increas$1 !y g5]ally extort1 by accus+ ! pr9cipal *iefs ( crimes1 impos+ f9es ^u !m2 &1 9 ! ev5t ( _! refus+ to pay1 prev5t+ !m f p]=m+ _! ablutions1 or go+ ?r\gh any ( _! religi\s c]emonies at ,amrits>4 ,x w n1 :5 ! above circum/ances are consid]$1 be ?\ght surpris+1 t ! mo/ p[]ful ( ! ,sikh *iefs %\ld desire to conciliate ?is body ( fanatics1 no individual ( :i* c be (f5d$ ) impunity1 z ! cause ( "o is made ! cause ( ! :ole2 & a *ief1 :o is become unpopul> ) ! ,acls1 mu/ n only avoid ,amrits>1 b is likely to h 8 dep5dants taught1 :5 !y pay _! devotions at t place1 t x is pi\s to resi/ 8 au?ority4 ,! ,acls h a great int]e/ 9 ma9ta9+ bo? ! religion & gov]nm5t ( ! ,sikhs1 z e/abli%$ by ,gr ,gv9d2 z1 on its cont9uance 9 t %ape1 _! religi\s & political influ5ce mu/ dep5d4 ,%\ld ,amrits> cease to be a place ( resort1 or be no long] consid]$ z ! religi\s capital ( ! /ate1 9 :i* all que/ions t involve ! g5]al int]e/s ( ! commonweal? are to be decid$1 ?is =midable ord] w\ld at once fall f t p[] & consid]ation :i* !y n[ possess1 to a level ) o!r m5dicants4 ,:5 a ,gr-mat1 or great national c\ncil1 is call$1 7z x always is1 or ought to be1 :5 any imm95t dang] ?reat5s ! c\ntry1 or any l>ge exp$ition is to be und]tak517 all ! ,sikh *iefs assemble at ,amrits>4 ,! assembly1 :i* is call$ ! ,gr-mat1 is conv5$ by ! ,acls2 & :5 ! *iefs meet ^u ?is solemn occasion1 x is conclud$ t all private animosities cease1 & t e man sacrifices 8 p]sonal feel+s at ! %r9e ( ! g5]al good2 &1 actuat$ by pr9ciples ( pure patriotism1 ?9ks ( no?+ b ! int]e/s ( ! religion1 & commonweal?1 to :i* he belongs4 ,:5 ! *iefs & pr9cipal lead]s are seat$1 ! ,ad-,grant'h & ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h are plac$ be=e !m4 ,!y all b5d _! heads be=e ^! scriptures1 & exclaim1 ,w6 ,grji k ,khlsa6 ,w6 ,grji ki ,fateh6 ,a great quantity ( cakes1 made ( :eat1 butt]1 & sug>1 are !n plac$ be=e ! volumes ( _! sacr$ writ+s1 & cov]$ ) a clo?4 ,^! holy cakes1 :i* are 9 commemoration ( ! injunction ( ,nnac1 to eat & to give to o!rs to eat1 next receive ! salutation ( ! assembly1 :o !n rise1 & ! ,acls pray al\d1 :ile ! musicians play4 ,! ,acls1 :5 ! pray]s are f9i%$1 desire ! c\ncil to be seat$4 ,!y sit d[n1 & ! cakes be+ uncov]$1 are eat5 ( by all classes#gg ( ,sikhs3 ^? di/9ctions ( orig9al tribes1 :i* are1 on o!r occasions1 kept up1 be+ on ?is occasion laid aside1 9 tok5 ( _! g5]al & complete union 9 "o cause#gh4 ,! ,acls !n exclaim3 ,sird>s6 7*iefs7 ?is is a ,gr-mat6 on :i* pray]s are aga9 said al\d4 ,! *iefs1 aft] ?is1 sit clos]1 & say to ea* o!r3 ,! sacr$ ,grant'h is betwixt u1 let u swe> by our scripture to =get all int]nal disputes1 & to be unit$4 ,?is mom5t ( religi\s f]vor & ard5t patriotism1 is tak5 to reconcile all animosities4 ,!y !n proce$ to consid] ! dang] ) :i* !y are ?reat5$1 to settle ! be/ plans = av]t+ x1 & to *oose ! g5]als :o are to lead _! armies#gi aga9/ ! common enemy4 ,! fir/ ,gr-mat 0 assembl$ by ,gr ,gv9d2 & ! late/ 0 call$ 9 #ahje1 :5 ! ,briti% army pursu$ ,holkr into ! ,p5jb4 ,! pr9cipal *iefs ( ! ,sikhs are all desc5d$ f ,h9d tribes4 ,!re is1 inde$1 no in/ance ( a ,s+h ( a ,muhamm$an family atta9+ high p[]#hj3 a circum/ance to be acc\nt$ = f ! hatr$ /ill *]i%$1 by ! foll[]s ( ,gr ,gv9d1 aga9/ ! desc5dants ( 8 p]secutors3 & t ?is rancor\s _s is undim9i%$1 may be se5 f _! treatm5t ( ! wret*$ ,muhamm$ans :o yet rema9 9 _! t]ritories4 ,^!1 ?\gh v num]\s1 appe> to be all poor1 & to be an oppress$1 despis$ race4 ,!y till ! gr\nd1 & are employ$ to c>ry burd5s1 & to d all k9ds ( h>d lab\r3 !y are n all[$ to eat beef1 or to say _! pray]s al\d1 & b seldom assemble 9 _! mosques#ha2 ( :i* few1 inde$1 h escap$ de/ruction4 ,! l[] ord] ( ,sikhs are m happy3 !y are protect$ f ! tyranny & viol5ce ( ! *iefs1 "u :om !y live1 by ! precepts ( _! common religion1 & by ! condition ( _! c\ntry1 :i* enables !m to ab&on1 :5ev] !y *oose1 a lead] :om !y dislike2 & ! di/ance ( a few miles g5]ally places !m "u ! protection ( 8 rival & enemy4 ,x is f ?is cause t ! l[e/ ,sikh horseman usually assumes a v indep5d5t /yle1 & ! highe/ *ief treats 8 milit>y foll[]s ) att5tion & conciliation4 ,! civil (fic]s1--to :om ! *iefs intru/ _! acc\nts1 & ! managem5t ( _! prop]ty & rev5ue conc]ns1 z well z ! conduct ( _! negotiations1--are1 9 g5]al1 ,sikhs ( ! ,khalsa ca/2 :o1 be+ foll[]s ( ,nnac1 & n ( ,gr ,gv9d1 are n devot$ to arms1 b educat$ = peaceful occupations1 9 :i* !y (t5 become v exp]t & intellig5t4 ,9 ! collection ( ! rev5ue 9 ! ,p5jb x is /at$ to be a g5]al rule1 t ! *iefs1 to :om ! t]ritories belong1 %\ld receive "o half ( ! produce#hb1 & ! f>m] ! o!r3 b ! *ief nev] levies ! :ole ( 8 %>e3 & 9 no c\ntry1 p]haps1 is ! ,rayat1 or cultivator1 treat$ ) m indulg5ce4 ,comm]ce is n s mu* enc\rag$2 heavy duties are levi$ ^u x by all petty rul]s ?r\gh ^: di/ricts x passes3 & ?is1 add$ to ! di/ract$ /ate 9 :i* ! ,p5jb has be51 f ! int]nal disputes ( its possessors1 caus$ ! ri* produce ( ,csmr to be c>ri$ to ,india by ! difficult & m\nta9\s tract ( ,jammu1 ,nadn1 & ,srnag>4 ,! ,sikh *iefs h1 h[ev]1 discov]$ ! injury :i* _! int]e/s h suff]$ f ?is cause1 & h endeav\r$1 & n )\t success1 to re/ore confid5ce to ! m]*ant2 & great "p ( ! %awl trade n[ fl[s ?r\gh ! cities ( ,lahore1 ,amrits>1 & ,patil1 to ,h9d/an4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 ! c\ntries "u ! ,sikhs1 is 9 a v rude & imp]fect /ate2 =1 ?\gh _! scriptures inculcate g5]al maxims ( ju/ice1 !y are n consid]$1 z ! ,old ,te/am5t is by ! ,jews1 or ! ,korn by ! ,muhamm$ans1 z books ( law3 &1 hav+ no fix$ code1 !y appe> to h adopt$ t irregul> practice1 :i* is mo/ cong5ial to ! temp] ( ! p1 & be/ suit$ to ! un/eady & *ang+ "* ( _! rule ( gov]nm5t4 ,! foll[+ appe>s to be ! g5]al outl9e ( _! practice 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,trifl+ disputes ab\t prop]ty are settl$ by ! heads ( ! village1 by arbitration#hc1 or by ! *iefs4 ,ei!r ( ^! modes1 suppos+ ! p>ties cons5t to ref] to x1 is f9al2 & !y mu/ agree to "o or o!r4 ,if a !ft occurs1 ! prop]ty is recov]$1 & ! p>ty puni%$ by ! p]son f :om x 0 /ol51 :o is aid$ on su* occasions by ! inhabitants ( 8 village1 or 8 *ief4 ,! puni%m5t1 h[ev]1 is nev] capital#hd4 ,murd] is g5]ally rev5g$ by ! relations ( ! deceas$1 :o1 9 su* cases1 rigor\sly retaliate on ! murd]]1 & (t5 on all :o endeav\r to protect him4 ,! "* ( ! ,sikhs1 or r ,s+hs1 :i* is ! "n by :i* ! foll[]s ( ,gr ,gv9d1 :o are all devot$ to arms1 are di/+ui%$1 is v m>k$4 ,!y h1 9 g5]al1 ! ,h9d ca/ ( c\nt5ance1 some:at alt]$ by _! long be>ds1 & are to ! full z active z ! ,mahrtas2 & mu* m robu/1 f _! liv+ full]1 & enjoy+ a bett] & cold] climate4 ,_! c\rage is equal1 at all times1 to t ( any natives ( ,india2 & :5 wr\ght ^u by prejudice or religion1 is q desp]ate4 ,!y are all horsem51 & h no infantry 9 _! own c\ntry1 except = ! def5ce ( _! =ts & villages1 ?\gh !y g5]ally s]ve z infantry 9 =eign armies4 ,!y are bold1 & r r\gh1 9 _! address2 :i* appe>s m to a /rang] f _! inv>iably speak+ 9 a l\d tone#he ( voice3 b ?is is q a habit1 & is alike us$ by !m to express ! s5tim5ts ( reg>d & hatr$4 ,! ,sikhs h be5 reput$ deceitful & cruel2 b ,i "k no gr\nds ^u :i* !y c be consid]$ m s ?an ! o!r tribes ( ,india4 ,!y seem$ to me1 f all ! int]c\rse ,i _h ) !m1 to be m op5 & s9c]e ?an ! ,mahrtas1 & less rude & savage ?an ! ,afghns4 ,!y h1 inde$1 become1 f national success1 too pr\d ( _! own /r5g?1 & too irritable 9 _! temp]s1 to h pati5ce = ! wiles ( ! =m]2 & !y reta91 9 spite ( _! *ange ( mann]s & religion1 too mu* ( ! orig9al "* ( _! ,h9d ance/ors1 7= ! great majority are ( ! ,h9d race17 to h ! con/itutional f]ocity ( ! latt]4 ,! ,sikh soldi] is1 g5]ally speak+1 brave1 active1 & *e]ful1 )\t poli%1 b nei!r de/itute ( s9c]ity nor atta*m5t2 & if he (t5 appe>s want+ 9 humanity1 x is n s mu* to be attribut$ to 8 national "*1 z to ! habits ( a life1 :i*1 f ! condition ( ! society 9 :i* he is born1 is g5]ally pass$ 9 sc5es ( viol5ce & rap9e4 ,! ,sikh m]*ant1 or cultivator ( ! soil1 if he is a ,s+h1 diff]s little 9 "* f ! soldi]1 except t 8 occupation r5d]s him less presum+ & boi/]\s4 ,he also we>s arms1 & is1 f education1 prompt to use !m :5ev] 8 individual int]e/1 or t ( ! community 9 :i* he lives#hf1 requires him to d s4 ,! g5]al occupations ( ! ,khalsa ,sikhs has be5 be=e m5tion$4 ,_! "* diff]s widely f t ( ! ,s+hs4 ,full ( intrigue1 pliant1 v]satile1 & ins9uat+1 !y h all ! art ( ! l[] classes ( ,h9ds1 :o are usually employ$ 9 transact+ bus9ess3 f :om1 inde$1 z !y h no di/9ction ( dress1 x is v difficult to di/+ui% !m4 ,! religi\s tribes ( ,acls1 ,%ahd1 & ,nirmala1 h be5 notic$4 ,_! g5]al "* is =m$ f _! habits ( life4 ,! ,acls are insol5t1 ignorant1 & d>+3 presum+ ^u ^? rights :i* _! numb]s & fanatic c\rage h e/abli%$1 _! deportm5t is h>dly tol]ant to ! o!r ,sikhs1 & insuff]able to /rang]s1 = :om !y ent]ta9 a contempt1 :i* !y take little pa9s to conceal4 ,! ,%hd & ! ,nirmala1 p>ticul>ly ! latt]1 h m k1 & m urbanity4 ,!y are almo/ all m5 ( quiet1 peaceable habits2 & _m ( !m are said to possess le>n+4 ,!re is ano!r tribe among ! ,sikhs1 call$ ! ,nnac ,pautra1 or desc5dants ( ,nnac1 :o h ! "* ( be+ a mild1 in(f5sive race2 &1 ?\gh !y d n ackn[l$ge ! in/itutions ( ,gr ,gv9d1 !y are greatly rev]$ by 8 foll[]s1 :o hold x sacrilege to injure ! race ( _! f\nd]2 &1 "u ! advantage :i* ?is g5]al v5]ation af=ds !m1 ! ,nnac ,pautra pursue _! occupations2 :i*1 if !y are n m5dicants1 is g5]ally t ( travell+ m]*ants4 ,!y d n c>ry arms2 & pr(ess1 agreeably to ! doctr9e ( ,nnac1 to be at peace#hg ) all mank9d4 ,! ,sikh conv]ts1 x has be5 be=e /at$1 cont9ue1 aft] !y h quitt$ _! orig9al religion1 all ^? civil usages & cu/oms ( ! tribes to :i* !y belong$1 t !y c practise1 )\t infr++ ! t5ets ( ,nnac1 or ! in/itutions ( ,gr ,gv9d4 ,!y are mo/ p>ticul> ) reg>d to _! int]m>riages2 &1 on ?is po9t1 ,sikhs desc5d$ f ,h9ds almo/ inv>iably con=m to ,h9d cu/oms1 e tribe int]m>ry+ )9 itself4 ,! ,h9d usage1 reg>d+ diet1 is also held equally sacr$2 no ,sikh1 desc5d$ f a ,h9d family1 ev] violat+ x1 except ^u p>ticul> occasions1 su* z a ,gr-mat1 :5 !y are oblig$1 by _! t5ets & in/itutions1 to eat promiscu\sly4 ,! /rict obs]vance ( ^! usages has enabl$ _m ( ! ,sikhs1 p>ticul>ly ( ! ,jt#hh & ,guj>#hi tribes1 :i* include almo/ all ^? settl$ to ! s\? ( ! ,satlj1 to pres]ve an intimate int]c\rse ) _! orig9al tribes2 :o1 consid]+ ! ,sikhs n z hav+ lo/ ca/1 b z ,h9ds t h jo9$ a political association1 :i* obliges !m to con=m to g5]al rules e/abli%$ = its pres]vation1 nei!r refuse to int]m>ry#ij nor to eat ) !m4 ,! high] ca/ ( ,h9ds1 su* z ,brhm5s & ,c%atryas1 :o h become ,sikhs1 cont9ue to int]m>ry ) conv]ts ( _! own tribes1 b n ) ,h9ds ( ! ca/ !y h ab&on$1 z !y are pollut$ by eat+ animal food2 all k9ds ( :i* are lawful to ,sikhs1 except ! c[1 :i* x is held sacrilege to slay#ia4 ,nnac1 ^: object 0 to conciliate ! ,muhamm$ans to 8 cre$1 prohibit$ hog's fle% also2 b x 0 introduc$ by 8 successors1 z mu*1 p]haps1 f a _s ( rev5ge aga9/ ! ,moslems1 z f consid]ations ( indulg5ce to ! num]\s conv]ts ( ! ,jt & ,guj> tribe1 among :om wild hog is a fav\rite species ( food4 ,! ,muhamm$ans1 :o become ,sikhs1 int]m>ry ) ea* o!r1 b are all[$ to pres]ve none ( _! usages1 be+ oblig$ to eat hog's fle%1 & ab/a9 f circumcision4 ,! ,sikhs are =bid ! use ( tobacco#ib1 b all[$ to indulge 9 spiritu\s#ic liquors1 :i* !y almo/ all dr9k to excess2 & x is r>e to see a ,s+h soldi]1 aft] sunset1 q sob]4 ,_! dr9k is an ard5t _s#id1 made 9 ! ,p5jb2 b !y h no objections to ei!r ! w9e or spirits ( ,europe1 :5 !y c obta9 !m4 ,! use ( opium1 to intoxicate1 is v common ) ! ,sikhs1 z ) mo/ ( ! milit>y tribes ( ,india4 ,!y also take ,b'hang#ie1 ano!r inebriat+ drug4 ,! conduct ( ! ,sikhs to _! wom5 diff]s 9 no mat]ial respect f t ( ! tribes ( ,h9ds1 or ,muhamm$ans1 f :om !y are desc5d$4 ,_! moral "* ) reg>d to wom51 & inde$ 9 mo/ o!r po9ts1 may1 f ! fre$om ( _! habits1 g5]ally be consid]$ z mu* m lax ?an t ( _! ance/ors1 :o liv$ "u ! re/ra9t ( sev]e re/rictions1 & ^: fe> ( excommunication f _! ca/1 at lea/ oblig$ !m to cov] _! s9s ) ! veil ( dec5cy4 ,?is ! emancipat$ ,sikhs despise3 & !re is h>dly an infamy :i* ?is debau*$ & dissolute race are n accus$ 7& ,i believe ) ju/ice7 ( committ+ 9 ! mo/ op5 & %ameful mann]4 ,! ,sikhs are almo/ all horsem51 & !y take great delight 9 rid+4 ,_! horses 71 a few ye>s ago1 fam\s2 & ^? br$ 9 ! ,lak'hi ,jungle1 & o!r p>ts ( _! t]ritory1 7 ju/ly celebrat$ = _! /r5g?1 temp]1 & activity3 b ! int]nal di/ractions ( ^! t]ritories has be5 unfav\rable to ! enc\ragem5t ( ! bre$1 :i* has consequ5tly decl9$2 & ! ,sikhs n[ are 9 no respect bett] m\nt$ ?an ! ,mahrtas4 ,f a hundr$ ( _! cavalry x w\ld be difficult to select t5 horses t w\ld be admitt$ z fit to m\nt native troop]s 9 ! ,engli% s]vice4 ,_! horsem5 use swords & spe>s1 & mo/ ( !m n[ c>ry mat*locks1 ?\gh "s /ill use ! b[ & arr[2 a species ( arms1 = excell5ce 9 ! use ( :i* _! =efa!rs 7 celebrat$1 & :i* _! desc5dants appe> to ab&on ) great reluctance4 ,! education ( ! ,sikhs r5d]s !m h>dy1 & capable ( great fatigue2 & ! condition ( ! society 9 :i* !y live1 af=ds con/ant ex]cise to t re/less _s ( activity & ent]prise :i* _! religion has g5]at$4 ,su* a race _c be epicures3 !y appe>1 inde$1 g5]ally to despise luxury ( diet1 & pride !mselves 9 _! co>se f>e4 ,_! dress is also pla91 n unlike t ( ! ,h9ds1 equally light & dive/$ ( ornam5t4 ,"s ( ! *iefs we> gold bangles2 b ?is is r>e2 & ! g5]al *>act]i/ic ( _! dress & mode ( liv+1 is simplicity4 ,! pr9cipal lead]s among ! ,sikhs affect to be famili> & easy ( int]c\rse ) _! inf]iors1 & to despise ! pomp & /ate ( ! ,muhamm$an *iefs3 b _! pride (t5 c\nt]acts ?is disposition2 & !y appe>$ to me to h1 9 proportion to _! rank & consequ5ce1 m /ate1 & to ma9ta9 equal1 if n m1 res]ve & dignity ) _! foll[]s1 ?an is usual ) ! ,mahrta *iefs4 ,x w\ld be difficult1 if n impracticable1 to asc]ta9 ! am\nt ( ! population ( ! ,sikh t]ritories1 or ev5 to compute ! numb] ( ! armies :i* !y c\ld br+ into action4 ,!y boa/ t !y c raise m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& horse3 &1 if x 7 possible to assemble e ,sikh horseman1 ?is /atem5t might n be an exagg]ation3 b !re is1 p]haps1 no *ief among !m1 except ,ranjt ,s+h1 ( ,lahore1 t c\ld br+ an effective body ( f\r ?\s& m5 into ! field4 ,! =ce ( ,ranjt ,s+h did n1 9 #ahje1 am\nt to eight ?\s&2 & "p ( t 0 "u *iefs :o _h be5 subdu$ f a /ate ( indep5d5ce1 & ^: turbul5t m9ds ill brook$ an usurpation :i* !y deem$ subv]sive ( ! con/itution ( _! commonweal?4 ,8 army is n[ m num]\s ?an x 01 b x is compos$ ( mat]ials :i* h no natural cohesion2 & ! fir/ s]i\s *eck :i* x meets1 w probably cause its dissolution4 ,,footnotes3 #fg ,a g5]al e/imate ( ! value ( ! c\ntry possess$ by ! ,sikhs may be =m$1 :5 x is /at$1 t x conta9s1 besides o!r c\ntries1 ! :ole ( ! prov9ce ( ,lahore2 :i*1 agreeable to ,mr4 ,b]ni]1 produc$1 9 ! reign ( ,aurungzb1 two hundr$ & =ty-six lacks & n9ety-five ?\s& rupees2 or two millions1 f\r hundr$ & sixty-n9e ?\s&1 five hundr$ p\nds /]l+4 #fh ,?is prov9ce n[ =ms almo/ ! :ole t]ritory ( ,daulet ,ro ,s9d4 #fi ,) ! *iefs ( ! ,sikhs 9 ! ,jalndra ,db we are little acqua9t$4 ,tr ,s+h is ! mo/ consid]able2 b he & ! o!rs h be5 greatly weak5$ by _! con/ant & increas+ int]nal divisions4 #gj ,fateh ,s+h is1 l ,ranjt ,s+h1 ( a ,jt family4 #ga ,jud'h ,s+h1 ( ,ramgadi1 is ( ! c>p5t] ca/4 #gb ,! t]m ,guj>t ,s+h is sometimes giv5 to ! inhabitants ( ?is ,db1 ( :i* ! *iefs ( ,guj>t & ,rots are ! pr9cipal rul]s4 #gc ,! ^w ,khls1 :i* has be=e be5 expla9$ to mean ! /ate or commonweal?1 is suppos$1 by ! ,sikhs1 to h a my/ical mean+1 & to imply t sup]ior gov]nm5t1 "u ! protection ( :i* !y live1 & to ! e/abli%$ rules & laws ( :i*1 z fix$ by ,gr ,gv9d1 x is _! civil & religi\s duty to con=m4 #gd ,acl1 d]iv$ f ,acl1 a comp\nd t]m ( cl1 dea?1 & ! ,sanscrit privative a1 :i* means nev]-dy+1 or immortal4 ,x is "o ( ! names ( ! ,div9ity2 & has1 probably1 be5 giv5 to ?is rem>kable class ( devotees1 f _! always exclaim+ ,acl6 ,acl6 9 _! devotions4 #ge ,all ,s+hs d n we> bracelets2 b x is indisp5sable to h /eel ab\t _! p]sons1 :i* !y g5]ally h 9 ! %ape ( a knife or dagg]4 ,9 support ( ?is ord9ance !y quote ! foll[+ v]ses ( ,gr ,gv9d3 ,sheb be ki ra*'ha hamn1 ,tuhi ,sr ,sheb1 *uri1 kti1 katr-- ,acl purukh ki ra*'ha hamn1 ,s]v lh di ra*'ha hamn1 ,s]vacl di ra*'ha hamn1 ,s]v lohji di sada ra*'ha hamn4 :i* may be translat$3 ,! protection ( ! inf9ite ,"l is ov] u3 ?\ art ! "l1 ! cutlass1 ! knife1 & ! dagg]4 ,! protection ( ! immortal ,be+ is ov] u3 ! protection ( ,,all-,,/eel is ov] u3 ! protection ( ,,all-,,"t is ov] u3 ! protection ( ,,all-,,/eel is con/antly ov] u4 #gf ,! ,%ahd & ,nirmala1 two o!r religi\s tribes among ! ,sikhs1 h ,bungs1 or places1 ^u ! great res]voir ( ,amrits>2 b bo? ^! are peaceful ord]s ( prie/s1 ^: duty is to address ! ,deity1 & to read & expla9 ! ,ad-,grant'h to ! ,sikhs4 ,!y are1 9 g5]al1 m5 ( "s education4 ,a ,sikh1 ( any tribe1 may be admitt$ into ei!r ( ^! classes1 z among ! ,acls1 :o admit all into _! body :o *oose to con=m to _! rules4 #gg ,a cu/om ( a simil> nature1 ) reg>d to all tribes eat+ promiscu\sly1 is obs]v$ among ! ,h9ds1 at ! temple ( ,jagann?1 :]e m5 ( all religions & ca/s1 )\t di/9ction1 eat ( ! ,mah ,prasd1 ! great (f]+2 i4e4 food dress$ by ! cooks ( ! idols1 & sold on ! /airs ( ! temple4 #gh ,! ,sikh prie/1 :o gave an acc\nt ( ?is cu/om1 0 ( a high ,h9d tribe2 &1 reta9+ "s ( 8 prejudices1 he at fir/ said1 t ,muhamm$an ,sikhs1 & ^? :o 7 conv]ts f ! sweep] ca/1 7 oblig$1 ev5 on ?is occasion1 to eat a little ap>t f ! o!r ,sikhs3 b1 on be+ closely que/ion$1 he admitt$ ! fact z /at$ 9 ! n>rative2 say+1 h[ev]1 x 0 only on ?is solemn occasion t ^! tribes are admitt$ to eat ) ! o!rs4 #gi ,! army is call$1 :5 ?us assembl$1 ! ,dal ,khls1 or ! army ( ! /ate4 #hj ,! ,muhamm$ans :o h become ,sikhs1 & _! desc5dants1 are1 9 ! ,p5jbi j>gon1 t]m$ ,mezhebi ,s+h1 or ,s+hs ( ! fai?2 & !y are subdivid$ into ! f\r classes :i* are vulg>ly1 b errone\sly1 suppos$ to di/+ui% ! foll[]s ( ,muhamm$1 ,sayyad ,s+h1 ,%eikh ,s+h1 ,moghul ,s+h1 & ,patn ,s+h2 by :i* designations ! names ( ! p>ticul> race or c\ntry ( ! ,muhamm$ans h be5 affix$1 by ,h9ds1 z di/9ctions ( ca/4 #ha ,! ,muhamm$an inhabitants ( ! ,p5jb us$ to flock to ! ,briti% camp2 :]e1 !y said1 !y enjoy$ luxuries :i* no man c\ld appreciate t _h n suff]$ privation4 ,!y c\ld pray al\d1 & fea/ ^u beef4 #hb ,gra9 pays 9 k9d2 sug>-cane1 melons1 c4 pay 9 ca%4 #hc ,?is is call$ ,p5*ayat1 or a c\rt ( five2 ! g5]al numb] ( arbitrators *os5 to adju/ diff]5ces & disputes4 ,x is usual to assemble a ,pan*ayat1 or a c\rt ( arbitration1 9 e "p ( ,india1 "u a native gov]nm5t2 &1 z !y are always *os5 f m5 ( ! be/ reputation 9 ! place :]e !y meet1 ?is c\rt has a high "* = ju/ice4 #hd ,a ,sikh prie/1 :o has be5 sev]al ye>s 9 ,calcutta1 gave ?is outl9e ( ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice among 8 c\ntrym54 ,he spoke ( x ) rapture2 & insi/$1 ) true patriotic prejudice1 on its great sup]iority ov] ! vexati\s sy/em ( ! ,engli% gov]nm5t2 :i* 01 he said1 t$i\s1 vexati\s1 & exp5sive1 & advantage\s only to clev] rogues4 #he ,talk+ al\d is s habitual to a ,sikh1 t he bawls a secret 9 y\r e>4 ,x has (t5 occurr$ to me1 t !y h acquir$ x f liv+ 9 a c\ntry :]e int]nal disputes h s completely de/roy$ confid5ce1 t !y c only c>ry on conv]sation ) ea* o!r at a di/ance3 b x is fair]1 p]haps1 to impute ?is boi/]\s & rude habit to _! liv+ almo/ con/antly 9 a camp1 9 :i* ! voice c]ta9ly loses t nice modulat$ tone :i* di/+ui%es ! m poli%$ inhabitants ( cities4 #hf ,! old ,sikh soldi] g5]ally returns to 8 native village1 :]e 8 weal?1 c\rage1 or exp]i5ce1 always obta9s him respect1 & sometimes /ation & consequ5ce4 ,! second m>* :i* ! ,briti% army made into ! c\ntry ( ! ,sikhs1 ! headqu>t]s 7 ne> a small village1 ! *ief ( :i*1 :o 0 upw>ds ( a hundr$ ye>s ( age1 _h be5 a soldi]1 & reta9$ all ! look & mann] ( 8 =m] occupation4 ,he came to me1 & express$ 8 anxiety to see ,"l ,lake4 ,i %[$ him ! g5]al1 :o 0 sitt+ alone1 9 8 t5t1 writ+4 ,he smil$1 & said he knew bett]3 ,! h]o :o _h ov]?r[n ,s9di & ,holkr1 & _h conqu]$ ,h9d/an1 mu/ be surr\nd$ ) att5dants1 & h pl5ty ( p]sons to write = him4 ,i assur$ him t x 0 ,"l ,lake2 &1 on 8 lord%ip com+ to breakfa/1 ,i introduc$ ! old ,s+h1 :o see+ a numb] ( (fic]s collect r\nd him1 0 at la/ satisfi$ ( ! tru? ( :at ,i said2 &1 pleas$ ) ! great k9dness & condesc5sion ) :i* he 0 treat$ by "o :om he ju/ly ?\ght s great a man1 sat d[n on ! c>pet1 became q talkative1 & relat$ all he _h se51 f ! invasion ( ,ndir ,%h to t mom5t4 ,"l ,lake1 pleas$ ) ! bold manl9ess ( 8 address1 & ! indep5d5ce ( 8 s5tim5ts1 told him he w\ld grant him any fav\r he wi%$4 ,i am glad ( x1 said ! old man2 !n m>* away ) y\r army f my village1 :i* w o!rwise be de/roy$4 ,"l ,lake1 /ruck ) ! noble _s ( ! reque/1 assur$ him he w\ld m>* next morn+1 & t1 9 ! mean-"t1 he %\ld h gu>ds1 :o w\ld protect 8 village f injury4 ,satisfi$ ) ?is assurance1 ! old ,s+h 0 retir+1 app>5tly full ( admiration & gratitude at ,"l ,lake's goodness1 & ( wond] at ! sc5e he _h witness$1 :51 meet+ two (fic]s at ! door ( ! t5t1 he put a h& ^u ! brea/ ( ea*1 exclaim+ at ! same "t1 ,bro!rs6 :]e 7 y born1 & :]e are y at ?is mom5t8 &1 )\t wait+ = an answ]1 proce$$ to 8 village4 #hg ,:5 ,"l ,lake ent]$ ! ,p5jb1 9 #ahje1 a g5]al protection 0 reque/$1 by sev]al pr9cipal *iefs1 = ! ,nnac ,pautra1 on ! gr\nd ( ! v5]ation 9 :i* !y 7 held1 :i* enabl$ !m1 x 0 /at$1 to travel all ov] ! c\ntry )\t mole/ation1 ev5 :5 ! mo/ viol5t w>s exi/$4 ,x 01 ( c\rse1 grant$4 #hh ,! ,jts are ,h9ds ( a l[ tribe1 :o1 tak+ advantage ( ! decl9e ( ! ,moghul empire1 h1 by _! c\rage & ent]prise1 rais$ !mselves into "s consequ5ce on ! nor?-we/]n p>ts ( ,h9d/an1 & _m ( ! /ronge/ =ts ( t "p ( ,india are /ill 9 _! possession4 #hi ,! ,guj>s1 :o are also ,h9ds1 h rais$ !mselves to p[] by means n dissimil> to ^? us$ by ! ,jts4 ,almo/ all ! ?ieves 9 ,h9d/an are ( ?is tribe4 #ij ,a m>riage took place v lately betwe5 ! ,sikh *ief ( ,patil1 & t ( ! ,jt ,rj1 ( ,b'h>atpr4 #ia ,_! prejudice reg>d+ ! kill+ ( c[s is /rong]1 if possible1 ?an t ( ! ,h9ds4 #ib ,! ,khalsa ,sikhs1 :o foll[ ,nnac1 & reject ,gr ,gv9d's in/itutions1 make use ( x4 #ic ,spiritu\s liquors1 !y say1 are all[$ by t v]se 9 ! ,ad-,grant'h1 :i* /ates1 ,eat1 & give unto o!rs to eat4 ,dr9k1 & give unto o!rs to dr9k4 ,be glad1 & make o!rs glad4 ,!re is also an au?ority1 quot$ by ! ,sikhs1 f ! ,h9d ,s/ras1 9 fav\r ( ?is dr9k+ to excess4 ,durg1 agreeably to ! ,sikh quotations1 us$ to dr9k1 because liquor inspires c\rage2 & ?is goddess1 !y say1 0 drunk :5 %e slew ,mah%sur4 #id ,:5 ,fateh ,s+h1 ( ,aluwl1 :o 0 q a "y man1 0 ) ! ,briti% army1 ,"l ,lake gratifi$ him by a field review4 ,he 0 ^u an elephant1 & ,i att5d$ him ^u ano!r4 ,a little be=e sunset he became l[ & uneasy4 ,i obs]v$ x2 & ,b'hg ,s+h1 an old *ief1 ( frank1 r\gh mann]s1 at once said1 ,fateh ,s+h wants 8 dram1 b is a%am$ to dr9k be=e y4 ,i reque/$ he w\ld foll[ 8 cu/om1 :i* he did1 by dr9k+ a l>ge cup ( spirits4 #ie ,cannabis sativa4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,!re is no bran* ( ?is sket* :i* is m curi\s & important1 or t (f]s m difficulties to ! inquir]1 ?an ! religion ( ! ,sikhs4 ,we meet ) a cre$ ( pure deism1 gr\nd$ on ! mo/ sublime g5]al tru?s1 bl5d$ ) ! belief ( all ! absurdities ( ! ,h9d my?ology1 & ! fables ( ,muhamm$anism2 = ,nnac pr(ess$ a desire to re=m1 n to de/roy1 ! religion ( ! tribe 9 :i* he 0 born2 &1 actuat$ by ! great & b5evol5t design ( reconcil+ ! j>r+ fai?s ( ,brahm & ,muhamm$1 he endeav\r$ to conciliate bo? ,h9ds & ,moslems to 8 doctr9e1 by p]suad+ !m to reject ^? p>ts ( _! respective beliefs & usages1 :i*1 he cont5d$1 7 unwor?y ( t ,god :om !y bo? ador$4 ,he call$ ^u ! ,h9ds to ab&on ! wor%ip ( idols1 & to return to t pure devotion ( ! ,deity1 9 :i* _! religion orig9at$4 ,he call$ ^u ! ,muhamm$ans to ab/a9 f practices1 l ! slaught] ( c[s1 t 7 (f5sive to ! religion ( ! ,h9ds1 & to cease f ! p]secution ( t race4 ,he adopt$1 9 ord] to conciliate !m1 _m ( ! maxims :i* he _h le>nt f m5dicants1 :o pr(ess$ ! pr9ciples ( ! ,sfi sect2 & he con/antly ref]r$ to ! admir$ writ+s ( ! celebrat$ ,muhamm$an ,kabr#if1 :o 0 a pr(ess$ ,sfi1 & :o inculcat$ ! doctr9e ( ! equality ( ! relation ( all creat$ be+s to _! ,creator4 ,nnac endeav\r$1 ) all ! p[] ( 8 own g5ius1 aid$ by su* au?orities1 to impress bo? ,h9ds & ,muhamm$ans ) a love ( tol]ation & an abhorr5ce ( w>2 & 8 life 0 z peaceable z 8 doctr9e4 ,he appe>s1 inde$1 to h adopt$1 f ! h\r 9 :i* he ab&on$ 8 worldly occupations to t ( 8 dea?1 ! habits practis$ by t cr[d ( holy m5dicants1 ,sanyss & ,fakrs1 ) :om ,india sw>ms4 ,he con=m$ to _! cu/oms2 & 8 extraord9>y au/]ities#ig are a con/ant !me ( praise ) 8 foll[]s4 ,8 works are all 9 praise ( ,god2 b he treats ! poly!ism ( ! ,h9ds ) respect1 & ev5 v5]ation4 ,he nev] %[s a disposition to de/roy ! fabric1 b only wi%es to dive/ x ( its useless t9sel & false ornam5ts1 & to e/abli% its complete dep5d5ce ^u ! great ,creator ( ! univ]se4 ,he speaks e :]e ( ,muhamm$1 & 8 successors1 ) mod]ation2 b animadv]ts boldly on :at he conceives to be _! errors2 &1 above all1 on _! endeav\rs to propagate _! fai? by ! sword4 ,z ,nnac made no mat]ial invasion ( ei!r ! civil or religi\s usages ( ! ,h9ds1 & z 8 only desire 0 to re/ore a nation :o _h deg5]at$ f _! orig9al pure wor%ip#ih into idolatry1 he may be consid]$ m 9 ! light ( a re=m] ?an ( a subv]t] ( ! ,h9d religion2 & ^? ,sikhs :o adh]e to 8 t5ets1 )\t admitt+ ^? ( ,gr ,gv9d1 are h>dly to be di/+ui%$ f ! great mass ( ,h9d population2 among :om !re are _m sects :o diff]1 mu* m ?an t ( ,nnac1 f ! g5]al & or?odox wor%ip at pres5t e/abli%$ 9 ,india4 ,! fir/ successors ( ,nnac appe> to h taught exactly ! same doctr9e z _! lead]2 & ?\gh ,h> ,gv9d arm$ all 8 foll[]s1 x 0 on a pr9ciple ( self-def5ce1 9 :i* he 0 fully ju/ifi$1 ev5 by ! usage ( ! ,h9ds4 ,x 0 res]v$ = ,gr ,gv9d to give a new "* to ! religion ( 8 foll[]s2 n by mak+ any mat]ial alt]ation 9 ! t5ets ( ,nnac1 b by e/abli%+ in/itutions & usages1 :i* n only sep>at$ !m f o!r ,h9ds1 b :i*1 by ! complete abolition ( all di/9ction ( ca/s1 de/roy$1 at "o bl[1 a sy/em ( civil polity1 t1 f be+ int]wov5 ) ! religion ( a weak & bigot$ race1 fix$ ! rule ( its prie/s ^u a basis t _h )/ood ! %ock ( ages4 ,?\gh ! code ( ! ,h9ds 0 calculat$ to pres]ve a va/ community 9 tranquillity & ob$i5ce to its rul]s1 x _h ! natural effect ( mak+ ! c\ntry1 9 :i* x 0 e/abli%$1 an easy conque/ to e p[]ful =eign invad]2 & x appe>s to h be5 ! contemplation ( ?is effect t made ,gr ,gv9d resolve on ! abolition ( ca/1 z a necess>y & indisp5sable prelude to any attempt to arm ! orig9al native population ( ,india aga9/ _! =eign tyrants4 ,he call$ ^u all ,h9ds to break ^? *a9s 9 :i* prejudice & bigotry _h b\nd !m1 & to devote !mselves to arms1 z ! only means by :i* !y c\ld free !mselves f ! oppressive gov]nm5t ( ! ,muhamm$ans2 aga9/ :om1 a s5se ( 8 own wrongs1 & ^? ( 8 tribe1 l$ him to prea* et]nal w>f>e4 ,8 religi\s doctr9e 0 meant to be popul>1 & x promis$ equality4 ,! invidi\s appellations ( ,brhm51 ,c%atrya1 ,vaisya1 & ,sdra1 7 aboli%$4 ,! pride ( desc5t might rema91 & keep up "s di/9ctions2 b1 9 ! religi\s code ( ,gv9d1 e ,khlsa ,s+h 7= su* he t]m$ 8 foll[]s7 0 equal1 & _h a l title to ! good ?+s ( ?is _w1 & to ! bless+s ( a future life4 ,?\gh ,gr ,gv9d mixes1 ev5 m ?an ,nnac1 ! my?ology ( ! ,h9ds ) 8 own t5ets2 ?\gh 8 desire to conciliate !m1 9 opposition to ! ,muhamm$ans1 aga9/ :om he always brea!d w> & de/ruction1 l$ him to wor%ip at ,h9d sacr$ %r9es2 & ?\gh ! peculi> cu/oms & dress among 8 foll[]s1 are /at$ to h be5 adopt$ f v5]ation to ! ,h9d goddess ( c\rage1 ,drga ,bhavn2 yet x is impossible to reconcile ! religion & usages1 :i* ,gv9d has e/abli%$1 ) ! belief ( ! ,h9ds4 ,x does n1 l t ( ,nnac1 "q "s fav\rite dogmas ( ! disciples ( ,brahm1 & attack t wor%ip ( idols1 :i* few ( ^! def5d1 except ^u ! gr\nd ( ^! figures1 be=e :i* !y b5d1 be+ symbolical repres5tations ( ! attributes ( an all-p[]ful ,div9ity2 b x proce$s at once to subv]t ! f\ndation ( ! :ole sy/em4 ,:]ev] ! religion ( ,gr ,gv9d prevails1 ! in/itutions ( ,brahm mu/ fall4 ,! admission ( proselytes1 ! abolition ( ! di/9ctions ( ca/1 ! eat+ ( all k9ds ( fle%1 except t ( c[s1 ! =m ( religi\s wor%ip1 & ! g5]al devotion ( all ,s+hs to arms1 are ord9ances altoge!r irreconcileable ) ,h9d my?ology1 & h r5d]$ ! religion ( ! ,sikhs z obnoxi\s to ! ,brhm5s1 & high] tribes ( ! ,h9ds1 z x is popul> ) ! l[] ord]s ( t num]\s class ( mank9d4 ,aft] ?is rapid sket* ( ! g5]al "* ( ! religion ( ! ,sikhs1 ,i %all take a m detail$ view ( its orig91 progress1 t5ets1 & =ms4 ,a ,sikh au?or#ii1 :om ,i h foll[$ 9 sev]al p>ts ( ?is sket*1 is v p>ticul> 9 /at+ ! causes ( ! orig9 ( ! religion ( ,nnac3 he describes ! diff]5t ,yugas1 or ages ( ! _w1 /at$ 9 ! ,h9d my?ology4 ,! ,cli ,yug1 :i* is ! pres5t1 is t 9 :i* x 0 writt5 t ! human race w\ld become completely deprav$3 ,discord1 says ! au?or1 speak+ ( ! ,cli ,yug1 w rise 9 ! _w1 s9 prevail1 & ! univ]se become wick$2 ca/ w cont5d ) ca/2 &1 l bamboos 9 friction1 consume ea* o!r to emb]s4 ,! ,vdas1 or scriptures1 he adds1 w be held 9 disrepute1 = !y %all n be und]/ood1 & ! d>kness ( ignorance w prevail e :]e4 ,su* is ?is au?or's record ( a div9e prophecy reg>d+ ?is deg5]ate age4 ,he proce$s to /ate :at has ensu$3 ,e "o foll[$ 8 own pa?1 & sects 7 sep>at$2 "s wor%ipp$ ,*&ra 7! moon72 "s ,surya 7! sun72 "s pray$ to ! e>?1 to ! sky1 & ! air1 & ! wat]1 & ! fire1 :ile o!rs wor%ipp$ ,d'h]ma ,rj 7! judge ( ! dead72 & 9 ! fallacy ( ! sects no?+ 0 to be f\nd b error4 ,9 %ort1 pride prevail$ 9 ! _w1 & ! f\r ca/s#ajj e/abli%$ a sy/em ( ascetic devotion4 ,f ^!1 ! t5 sects ( ,sanyss1 & ! twelve sects ( ,ygis1 orig9at$4 ,! ,jangam1 ! ,srvra1 & ! ,dva ,digamb>1 ent]$ into mutual conte/s4 ,! ,brhm5s divid$ into diff]5t classes2 & ! ,s/ras1 ,vdas1 & ,purnas#aja1 contradict$ ea* o!r4 ,! six ,d]sans 7philosophical sects7 exhibit$ enmity1 & ! ?irty-six ,p%&s 7het]odox sects7 arose1 ) hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( *im]ical & magical 7tantra mantra7 sects3 & ?us1 f "o =m1 _m good & _m evil =ms orig9at$1 & error prevail$ 9 ! ,cli ,yug1 or age ( g5]al depravity4 ,! ,sikh au?or pursues ?is acc\nt ( ! errors into :i* ! ,h9ds fell1 ) a curi\s passage reg>d+ ! orig9 & progress ( ! ,muhamm$an religion4 ,! _w1 he writes1 w5t on ) ^! num]\s divisions1 :5 ,muhamm$ ,y>a#ajb appe>$1 :o gave orig9 to ! sev5ty-two sects#ajc1 & widely dissem9at$ discord & w>4 ,he e/abli%$ ! ,rzeh o ,ad 7fa/ & fe/ivals71 & ! ,namz 7pray]71 & made 8 practice ( devotional acts preval5t 9 ! _w1 ) a multitude ( di/9ctions1 ( ,pr 7sa9t71 ,paighamb] 7prophet71 ,ulem 7! ord] ( prie/hood71 & ,kitb 7! ,korn74 ,he demoli%$ ! temples1 & on _! ru9s built ! mosques1 slaught]+ c[s & helpless p]sons1 & spread+ transgression f> & wide1 hold+ 9 ho/ility ,cfirs 7infidels71 ,mulhids 7idolat]s71 ,irm5is 7,arm5ians71 ,rumis 7! ,turks71 & ,z+is 7,e?iopians74 ,?us vice greatly diffus$ itself 9 ! univ]se4 ,!n1 ?is au?or adds1 !re 7 two races 9 ! _w2 ! "o ,h9d1 ! o!r ,muhamm$an2 & bo? 7 alike excit$ by pride1 enmity1 & av>ice1 to viol5ce4 ,! ,h9ds set _! he>t on ,gang & ,b5>es2 ! ,muhamm$ans on ,mecca & ! ,caba3 ! ,h9ds clung to _! m>k on ! =ehead & brahm9ical /r+2 ! ,moslemans to _! circumcision3 ! "o cri$ ,rm 7! "n ( an ,avatr71 ! o!r ,rahm 7! m]ciful72 "o "n1 b two ways ( pron\nc+ x2 =gett+ equally ! ,vdas & ! ,korn3 & ?r\gh ! deceptions ( lu/1 av>ice1 ! _w1 & ,satan1 !y sw]v$ equally f ! true pa?3 :ile ,brhm5s & ,m\lavis de/roy$ ea* o!r by _! qu>rels1 & ! vicissitudes ( life & dea? hung always susp5d$ ov] _! heads4 ,:5 ! _w 0 9 ?is di/ract$ /ate1 & vice prevail$1 says ?is writ]1 ! compla9t ( virtue1 ^: dom9ion 0 ext9ct1 rea*$ ! ?rone ( ! ,almighty1 :o creat$ ,nnac1 to enlight5 & improve a deg5]ate & corrupt age3 & t holy man made ,god ! ,supreme kn[n to all1 giv+ ! nect>e\s wat] t wa%$ 8 feet to 8 disciples to dr9k4 ,he re/or$ to ,virtue h] /r5g?1 bl5d$ ! f\r ca/s#ajd into "o1 e/abli%$ "o mode ( salutation1 *ang$ ! *ildi% play ( b5d+ ! head at ! feet ( idols1 taught ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god1 & re=m$ a deprav$ _w4 ,nnac appe>s1 by ! acc\nt ( ?is au?or1 to h e/abli%$ 8 fame = sanctity by ! usual modes ( religi\s m5dicants4 ,he p]=m$ sev]e ,tapasa#aje1 liv+ ^u s& & swall[-wort1 & sleep+ on %>p pebbles2 &1 aft] atta9+ fame by ?is k9d ( p5ance1 he comm5c$ 8 travels1 ) ! view ( spread+ 8 doctr9e ov] ! e>?4 ,aft] ,nnac _h complet$ 8 t]re/rial travels1 he is suppos$ to h asc5d$ to ,sumru1 :]e he saw ! ,sidd'8#ajf1 all seat$ 9 a circle4 ,^!1 f a k ( t em95ce = :i* he 0 pr$e/9$1 wi%$ to make him assume ! *>act]i/ic devotion ( _! sect1 to :i* !y ?\ght he w\ld be an ornam5t4 ,:ile means 7 us$ to effect ?is purpose1 a div9e voice 0 he>d to exclaim3 ,nnac %all =m 8 own sect1 di/9ct f all ! ,yats#ajg & ,sidd'82 & 8 "n %all be joyful to ! ,cli ,yug4 ,aft] ?is1 ,nnac prea*$ ! adoration ( ! true ,god to ! ,h9ds2 & !n w5t to in/ruct ! ,muhamm$ans1 9 _! sacr$ temples at ,mecca4 ,:5 at t place1 ! holy m5 are said to h ga!r$ r\nd him1 & dem&$1 ,:e!r _! fai?1 or t ( ! ,h9ds1 0 ! be/8 ,)\t ! practice ( true piety1 bo?1 said ,nnac1 are errone\s1 & nei!r ,h9ds nor ,moslems w be acceptable be=e ! ?rone ( ,god2 = ! fad$ t+e ( sc>let1 t has be5 soil$ by wat]1 w nev] return4 ,y bo? deceive y\rselves1 pron\nc+ al\d ,rm & ,rahm1 & ! way ( ,satan prevails 9 ! univ]se4 ,! c\rage\s indep5d5ce ) :i* ,nnac ann\nc$ 8 religion to ! ,muhamm$ans1 is a fav\rite topic ) 8 biograph]s4 ,he 0 "o day abus$1 & ev5 /ruck1 z "o ( ^! relates1 by a ,m\llah1 = ly+ on ! gr\nd ) 8 feet 9 ! direction ( ! sacr$ temple ( ,mecca4 ,h[ d>e/ ?\1 infidel6 said ! (f5d$ ,muhamm$an prie/1 turn ?y feet t[>ds ! h\se ( ,god6--,turn !m1 if y c1 said ! pi\s b indignant ,nnac1 9 a direction :]e ! h\se ( ,god is n4 ,nnac did n d5y ! mission ( ,muhamm$4 ,t prophet 0 s5t1 he said1 by ,god1 to ?is _w1 to d good1 & to dissem9ate ! k ( "o ,god ?r\gh means ( ! ,korn2 b he1 act+ on ! pr9ciple ( free-w1 :i* all human be+s ex]cise1 introduc$ oppression1 & cruelty1 & ! slaught] ( c[s#ajh1 = :i* he di$4--,i am n[ s5t1 he add$1 f heav51 to publi% unto mank9d a book1 :i* %all r$uce all ! names giv5 unto ,god to "o "n1 :i* is ,god2 & he :o calls him by any o!r1 %all fall into ! pa? ( ! devil1 & h 8 feet b\nd 9 ! *a9s ( wret*$ness4 ,y h1 said he to ! ,muhamm$ans1 despoil$ ! temples1 & burnt ! sacr$ ,vdas1 ( ! ,h9ds2 & y h dress$ y\rselves 9 dresses ( blue1 & y delight to h y\r praises sung f h\se to h\se3 b ,i1 :o h se5 all ! _w1 tell y1 t ! ,h9ds equally hate y & y\r mosques4 ,i am s5t to reconcile y\r j>r+ fai?s1 & ,i implore y to read _! scriptures1 z well z y\r own3 b read+ is useless )\t ob$i5ce to ! doctr9e taught2 = ,god has said1 no man %all be sav$ except he has p]=m$ good works4 ,! ,almighty w n ask to :at tribe or p]suasion he belongs4 ,he w only ask1 ,:at has he done8 ,!re=e ^? viol5t & cont9u$ disputes1 :i* subsi/ betwe5 ! ,h9ds & ,moslemans1 are z impi\s z !y are unju/4 ,su* 7 ! doctr9es1 accord+ to 8 disciples1 :i* ,nnac taught to bo? ,h9ds & ,muhamm$ans4 ,he pr(ess$ v5]ation & respect1 b refus$ adoration to ! f\nd]s ( bo? _! religions2 = :i*1 z = ^? ( all o!r tribes1 he _h great tol]ance4 ,a hundr$ ?\s& ( ,muhamm$s1 said ,nnac1 a million ( ,brahms1 ,vi%nus1 & a hundr$ ?\s& ,rmas1 /& at ! gate ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,^! all p]i%2 ,god alone is immortal4 ,yet m51 :o unite 9 ! praise ( ,god1 are n a%am$ ( liv+ 9 cont5tion ) ea* o!r2 :i* proves t ! evil _s has subdu$ all4 ,he alone is a true ,h9d ^: he>t is j2 & he only is a good ,muhamm$an ^: life is pure4 ,nnac is /at$1 by ! ,sikh au?or f :om ! above acc\nt ( 8 religion is tak51 to h _h an int]view ) ! supreme ,god1 :i* he ?us describes3 ,"o day ,nnac he>d a voice f above exclaim1 ,nnac1 approa*6 ,he repli$1 ,oh ,god6 :at p[] h ,i to /& 9 ?y pres5ce8 ,! voice said1 ,close ?9e eyes4 ,nnac %ut 8 eyes1 & advanc$3 he 0 told to look up3 he did s1 & he>d ! ^w ,w6 or well done1 pron\nc$ five times2 & !n ,w6 ,grj1 or well done tea*]4 ,aft] ?is ,god said1 ,nnac6 ,i h s5t !e into ! _w1 9 ! ,cli ,yug 7or deprav$ age72 g & be> my "n4 ,nnac said1 ,oh ,god6 h[ c ,i be> ! mighty bur!n8 ,if my age 0 ext5d$ to t5s ( millions ( ye>s1 if ,i drank ( immortality1 & my eyes 7 =m$ ( ! sun & moon1 & 7 nev] clos$1 /ill1 oh ,god6 ,i c\ld n presume to take *>ge ( ?y wondr\s "n4--,i w be ?y ,gr 7tea*]71 said ,god1 & ?\ %alt be a ,gr to all mank9d1 & ?y sect %all be great 9 ! _w2 _! ^w is ,pr ,pr4 ,! ^w ( ! ,bairg is ,rm6 ,rm6 t ( ! ,sanys1 ,om6 ,nam6 ,nry56 & ! ^w ( ! ,ygs1 ,ads6 ,ads6 & ! salutation ( ! ,muhamm$ans is ,salm ,alkam2 & t ( ! ,h9ds1 ,rm6 ,rm6 b ! ^w ( ?y sect %all be ,gr1 & ,i w =give ! crimes ( ?y disciples4 ,! place ( wor%ip ( ! ,bairgs is call$ ,rmsla2 t ( ! ,ygs1 ,asan2 t ( ! ,sanyss1 ,mt2 t ( ?y tribe %all be ,dh]ma ,sla4 ,?\ mu/ tea* unto ?y foll[]s ?ree lessons3 ! fir/1 to wor%ip my "n2 ! second1 *>ity2 ! ?ird1 ablution4 ,!y mu/ n ab&on ! _w1 & !y mu/ d ill to no be+2 = into e be+ h ,i infus$ brea?2 & :atev] ,i am1 ?\ art1 = betwixt u !re is no diff]5ce4 ,x is a bless+ t ?\ art s5t into ! ,cli ,yug4 ,aft] ?is1 ,w ,gr6 or well done1 tea*]6 0 pron\nc$ f ! m\? ( ! mo/ high ,gr or tea*] 7,god71 & ,nnac came to give light & fre$om to ! univ]se4 ,! above w give a suffici5t view ( ! ideas :i* ! ,sikhs ent]ta9 reg>d+ ! div9e orig9 ( _! fai?2 :i*1 z fir/ taught by ,nnac1 might ju/ly be deem$ ! religion ( peace4 ,put on arm\r1 says ,nnac1 t w h>m no "o2 let ?y coat ( mail be t ( und]/&+1 & conv]t ?y enemies to fri5ds4 ,fight ) val\r1 b ) no weapon except ! ^w ( ,god4 ,all ! pr9ciples :i* ,nnac inculcat$1 7 ^? ( pure deism2 b mod]at$1 9 ord] to meet ! deep-root$ usages ( t portion ( mank9d :i* he wi%$ to reclaim f error4 ,?\gh he condemn$ ! lives & habits ( ! ,muhamm$ans1 he approv$ ( ! ,korn#aji4 ,he admitt$ ! tru? ( ! anci5t ,vdas1 b cont5d$ t ! ,h9d religion _h be5 corrupt$1 by ! introduction ( a plurality ( gods1 ) ! wor%ip ( images2 :i* l$ _! m9ds a/ray f t great & et]nal ,be+1 to :om adoration %\ld alone be paid4 ,he1 h[ev]1 foll[$ ! =ms ( ! ,h9ds1 & adopt$ mo/ ( _! doctr9es :i* did n int]f]e ) 8 great & lead+ t5et4 ,he admitt$ ! claim to v5]ation1 ( ! num]\s catalogue ( ,h9d ,dvas1 & ,dvats1 or inf]ior deities2 b he refus$ !m adoration4 ,he held x impi\s to slaught] ! c[2 & he direct$ 8 vot>ies1 z has be5 se51 to consid] ablution z "o ( _! prim>y religi\s duties4 ,nnac1 accord+ to ,p5jbi au?ors1 admitt$ ! ,h9d doctr9e ( metempsy*osis4 ,he believ$1 t really good m5 w\ld enjoy ,p>adise2 t ^?1 :o _h no claim to ! "n ( good1 b yet 7 n bad1 w\ld und]go ano!r probation1 by revisit+ ! _w 9 ! human =m3 & t ! bad w\ld animate ! bodies ( animals1 p>ticul>ly dogs & cats3 b x appe>s1 f ! same au?orities1 t ,nnac 0 acqua9t$ ) ! ,muhamm$an doctr9e reg>d+ ! fall ( man1 & a future /ate2 & t he repres5t$ x to 8 foll[]s z a sy/em1 9 :i* ,god1 by %[+ a heav5 & a hell1 _h1 9 8 great goodness1 held out future rew>ds & puni%m5ts to man1 ^: w he _h left free1 to incite him to good actions1 & det] him f bad4 ,! pr9ciple ( rew>d & puni%m5t is s ne>ly ! same 9 ! ,h9d & 9 ! ,muhamm$an religion1 t x 0 n difficult = ,nnac to reconcile 8 foll[]s ^u ?is po9t3 b 9 ?is1 z 9 all o!rs1 he seems to h b5t to ! doctr9e ( ,brahm4 ,9 all 8 writ+s1 h[ev]1 he borr[$ indiff]5tly f ! ,korn & ! ,h9d ,s/ras2 & 8 example 0 foll[$ by 8 successors2 & quotations f ! scriptures ( ! ,h9ds1 & f ! book ( ,muhamm$1 are indiscrim9ately introduc$ into all _! sacr$ writ+s1 to elucidate ^? po9ts on :i* x 0 _! object to reconcile ^! j>r+ religions4 ,) ! exact mode 9 :i* ,nnac in/ruct$ 8 foll[]s to address _! pray]s to t supreme ,be+ :om he taught !m to adore1 ,i am n acqua9t$4 ,_! ,d'h]ma ,sla1 or temples ( wor%ip1 are1 9 g5]al1 pla9 build+s4 ,images are1 ( c\rse1 bani%$4 ,_! prescrib$ =ms ( pray] are1 ,i believe1 few & simple4 ,"p ( ! writ+s ( ,nnac1 :i* h s9ce be5 incorporat$ ) ^? ( 8 successors1 9 ! ,ad-,grant'h1 are read1 or r recit$1 ^u e solemn occasion4 ,^! are all 9 praise ( ! ,deity1 ( religion1 & ( virtue2 & aga9/ impiety & immorality4 ,! ,ad-,grant'h1 ! :ole ( ! fir/ "p ( :i* is ascrib$ to ,nnac1 is writt51 l ! re/ ( ! books ( ! ,sikhs1 9 ! ,grmuk'h#aaj "*4 ,i c only judge v imp]fectly ( ! value ( ?is "w3 b "s extracts1 translat$ f x1 appe> wor?y ( t admiration :i* is be/[$ ^u x by ! ,sikhs4 ,! ,ad-,grant'h is 9 v]se2 & _m ( ! *apt]s1 writt5 by ,nnac1 are t]m$ ,pdi1 :i* means1 lit]ally1 a ladd] or flight ( /eps2 &1 metaphorically1 t by :i* a man asc5ds4 ,9 ! foll[+ fragm5t1 lit]ally translat$ f ! ,sd> rg s mahilla pehla ( ,nnac1 he displays ! supremacy ( ! true ,god1 & ! inf]iority ( ! ,dvats1 & o!r creat$ be+s1 to ! univ]sal ,creator2 h[ev] !y may h be5 elevat$ into deities by ignorance or sup]/ition4 ,?y portals1 h[ wond]ful !y are1 h[ wond]ful ?y palace1 :]e ?\ sitte/ & gov]ne/ all6 ,numb]less & inf9ite are ! s\nds :i* proclaim ?y praises4 ,h[ num]\s are ?y ,p]is1 skilful 9 music & song6 ,pavan 7air71 wat]1 & ,vasant> 7fire71 celebrate !e2 ,d'h]ma ,rj 7! ,h9d ,rhadaman?us7 celebrates ?y praises1 at ?y gates4 ,*itragupta 7,secret>y to ,d'h]ma ,rj7 celebrates ?y praises2 :o1 skilful 9 writ+1 writes & adm9i/]s f9al ju/ice4 ,isw>a1 ,brahm1 & ,dvi1 celebrate ?y praises2 !y decl>e 9 fit t]ms ?y maje/y1 at ?y gates4 ,indra celebrates ?y praises1 sitt+ on ! ,indraic ?rone amid ! ,dvats4 ,! j celebrate ?y praises 9 pr(\nd m$itation1 ! pi\s decl>e ?y glory4 ,! ,yats & ! ,sats joyfully celebrate ?y might4 ,! ,p&its1 skill$ 9 read+1 & ! ,ri%sw>as1 :o1 age by age1 read ! ,vdas1 recite ?y praises4 ,! ,mh9s 7cele/ial c\rtezans71 he>t allur+1 inhabit+ ,sw>ga1 ,mritya1 & ,ptl1 celebrate ?y praises4 ,! ,ratnas 7gems71 ) ! ?irty-eight ,trt'has 7sacr$ spr+s71 celebrate ?y praises4 ,h]oes ( great might celebrate ?y "n2 be+s ( ! f\r k9ds ( production celebrate ?y praises4 ,! cont95ts1 & regions ( ! _w1 celebrate ?y praises2 ! univ]sal ,brahmnda 7! mundane egg71 :i* ?\ ha/ e/abli%$ firm4 ,all :o "k !e praise !e1 all :o are desir\s ( ?y wor%ip4 ,h[ num]\s !y are :o praise !e6 !y exce$ my compreh5sion3 h[1 !n1 %all ,nnac describe !m8 ,he1 ev5 he1 is ! ,"l ( tru?1 true1 & truly j4 ,he is1 he 01 he passes1 he passes n1 ! pres]v] ( all t is pres]v$4 ,( num]\s hues1 sorts & k9ds1 he is ! orig9al au?or ( ,my 7deception74 ,hav+ =m$ ! creation1 he surveys 8 own "w1 ! display ( 8 own greatness4 ,:at pleases him he does1 & no ord] ( any o!r be+ c rea* him4 ,he is ! ,pd%h & ! ,pdsheb ( ,%hs2 ,nnac resides 9 8 fav\r4 ,^! few v]ses are1 p]haps1 suffici5t to %[1 t x 0 on a pr9ciple ( pure deism t ,nnac entirely gr\nd$ 8 religion4 ,x 0 n possible1 h[ev]1 t ! m9ds ( any l>ge portion ( mank9d c\ld rema9 long fix$ 9 a belief :i* pres5t$ !m only ) g5]al tru?s1 & ^? ( a nature too va/ = _! contemplation or compreh5sion4 ,! foll[]s ( ,nnac1 s9ce 8 dea?1 h paid an adoration to 8 "n1 :i* is at v>iance ) ! lessons :i* he taught2 !y h clo!d him 9 all ! attributes ( a sa9t3 !y consid] him z ! select$ in/rum5t ( ,god to make kn[n ! true fai? to fall5 man2 &1 z su*1 !y give him div9e hon\rs2 n only p]=m+ pilgrimage to 8 tomb1 b address+ him1 9 _! pray]s1 z _! savi\r & m$iator4 ,! religi\s t5ets & usages ( ! ,sikhs cont9u$1 z !y _h be5 e/abli%$ by ,nnac#aaa1 till ! "t ( ,gr ,gv9d2 :o1 ?\gh he did n alt] ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! e/abli%$ fai?1 made s complete a *ange 9 ! sacr$ usages & civil habits ( 8 foll[]s1 t he gave !m an entirely new "*3 & ?\gh ! ,sikhs reta9 all _! v5]ation = ,nnac1 !y deem ,gr ,gv9d to h be5 equally exalt$1 by ! imm$iate fav\r & protection ( ! ,div9ity2 & ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 or book ( ! t5? k+1 :i* 0 writt5 by ,gr ,gv9d1 is consid]$1 9 e respect1 z holy z ! ,ad-,grant'h ( ,nnac1 & 8 imm$iate successors4 ,i _c bett] expla9 ! pret5sions :i* ,gr ,gv9d has made to ! rank ( a prophet1 ?an by exhibit+ 8 own acc\nt ( 8 mission 9 a lit]al v]sion f 8 ,vi*itra ,ntac4 ,i n[ decl>e my own hi/ory1 & ! multif>i\s au/]ities :i* ,i h p]=m$4 ,:]e ! sev5 peaks rise beautiful on ! m\nta9 ,hmacuta1 & ! place takes ! "n ( ,sapta ,sr+a1 great] p5ance h ,i p]=m$ ?an 0 ev] endur$ by ,pndu ,rj1 m$itat+ con/antly on ,mah ,cl & ,clica1 till div]sity 0 *ang$ into "o =m4 ,my fa!r & "m m$itat$ on ! ,div9ity1 & p]=m$ ! ,yga1 till ,gr ,dva approv$ ( _! devotions4 ,!n ! ,supreme issu$ 8 ord]1 & ,i 0 born1 9 ! ,cli ,yug1 ?\gh my incl9ation 0 n to come into ! _w1 my m9d be+ fix$ on ! foot ( ! ,supreme4 ,:5 ! supreme ,be+ made kn[n 8 w1 ,i 0 s5t into ! _w4 ,! et]nal ,be+ ?us address$ ?is feeble insect3 --,i h manife/$ !e z my own son1 & appo9t$ !e to e/abli% a p]fect ,pant'h 7sect74 ,g into ! _w1 e/abli% virtue & expel vice4-- --,i /& ) jo9$ h&s1 b5d+ my head at ?y ^w3 ! ,pant'h %all prevail 9 ! _w1 :5 ?\ l5de/ ?9e aid4--,!n 0 ,i s5t into ! _w3 ?us ,i receiv$ mortal bir?4 ,z ! ,supreme spoke to me1 s d ,i speak1 & to none d ,i be> enmity4 ,:oev] %all call me ,p>amsw>a1 he %all s9k into ! pit ( hell3 "k1 t ,i am only ! s]vant ( ! ,supreme1 & conc]n+ ?is ent]ta9 no d\bt4 ,z ,god spoke1 ,i ann\nce unto ! _w1 & rema9 n sil5t 9 ! _w ( m54 ,z ,god spoke1 s d ,i decl>e1 & ,i reg>d no p]son's ^w4 ,i we> my dress 9 nobody's fa%ion1 b foll[ t appo9t$ by ! ,supreme4 ,i p]=m no wor%ip to /ones1 nor imitate ! c]emonies ( any "o4 ,i pron\nce ! inf9ite "n1 & h atta9$ to ! supreme ,be+4 ,i we> no bri/l+ locks on my head1 nor adorn myself ) e>-r+s4 ,i receive no p]son's words 9 my e>s2 b z ! ,"l speaks1 ,i act4 ,i m$itate on ! sole "n1 & atta9 my object4 ,to no o!r d ,i p]=m ! ,jp1 9 no o!r d ,i confide3 ,i m$itate on ! inf9ite "n1 & atta9 ! supreme light4 ,on no o!r d ,i m$itate2 ! "n ( no o!r d ,i pron\nce4 ,= ?is sole reason1 to e/abli% virtue1 0 ,i s5t into ! _w by ,gr ,dva4 ',e :]e1' said he1 'e/abli% virtue1 & ext]m9ate ! wick$ & viti\s4' ,= ?is purpose h ,i receiv$ mortal bir?2 & ?is let all ! virtu\s und]/&4 ,to e/abli% virtue1 to exalt piety1 & to extirpate ! viti\s utt]ly4 ,e =m] ,avatr e/abli%$ 8 own ,jp2 b no "o puni%$ ! irreligi\s1 no "o e/abli%$ bo? ! pr9ciples & practice ( virtue1 7,dh]m ,c>m74 ,e holy man 7,ghu71 & prophet 7,ambia71 attempt$ only to e/abli% 8 own reputation 9 ! _w2 b no "o compreh5d$ ! supreme ,be+1 or und]/ood ! true pr9ciples or practice ( virtue4 ,! doctr9e ( no o!r is ( any avail3 ?is doctr9e fix 9 y\r m9ds4 ,!re is no b5efit 9 any o!r doctr9e1 ?is fix 9 y\r m9ds4 ,:oev] reads ! ,korn1 :oev] reads ! ,purn1 nei!r ( !m %all escape dea?1 & no?+ b virtue %all avail at la/4 ,millions ( m5 may read ! ,korn1 !y may read innum]able ,purns2 b x %all be ( no avail 9 ! life to come1 & ! p[] ( de/9y %all prevail ov] !m4 ,gr ,gv9d1 aft] ?is acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( 8 mission1 gives a %ort acc\nt ( 8 bir? & succession to ! spiritual duties at 8 fa!r's dea?4 ,at ! comm& ( ,god ,i receiv$ mortal bir?1 & came into ! _w4 ,?is ,i n[ decl>e briefly2 att5d to :at ,i speak4 ,my fa!r j\rney$ t[>ds ! ,ea/1 p]=m+ ablution 9 all ! sacr$ spr+s4 ,:5 he arriv$ at ,triv5i1 he sp5t a day 9 acts ( devotion & *>ity4 ,on t occasion 0 ,i manife/$4 ,9 ! t[n ( ,patna ,i receiv$ a body4 ,!n ! ,madra ,ds receiv$ me1 & nurses nurs$ me t5d]ly1 & t5d$ me ) great c>e1 in/ruct+ me att5tively e day4 ,:5 ,i rea*$ ! age ( ,dh]m & ,c>m 7pr9ciples & practice71 my fa!r dep>t$ to ! ,dva ,lca4 ,:5 ,i 0 inve/$ ) ! dignity ( ,rja1 ,i e/abli%$ virtue to ! utmo/ ( my p[]4 ,i addict$ myself to e species ( hunt+ 9 ! =e/s1 & daily kill$ ! be> & ! /ag4 ,:5 ,i _h become acqua9t$ ) t c\ntry1 ,i proce$$ to ! city ( ,pvat1 :]e ,i amus$ myself on ! banks ( ! ,cal9dri1 & view$ e k9d ( spectacle4 ,!re ,i slew a great numb] ( tig]s2 &1 9 v>i\s modes1 hunt$ ! be>4 ,! above passages w convey an idea ( t impression :i* ,gr ,gv9d gave 8 foll[]s ( 8 div9e mission4 ,i %all %ortly enum]ate ^? alt]ations he made 9 ! usages ( ! ,sikhs1 :om x 0 8 object to r5d]1 ?r\gh ! means ( religi\s en?usiasm1 a w>like race4 ,?\gh ,gr ,gv9d 0 br\ght up 9 ! religion ( ,nnac1 he appe>s1 f hav+ be5 educat$ among ! ,h9d prie/s ( ,ma?ura1 to h be5 deeply ta9t$ ) _! sup]/iti\s belief2 & he 01 p]haps1 induc$ by consid]ations ( policy1 to lean /ill m /rongly to _! prejudices1 9 ord] to induce !m to become conv]ts to t religi\s milit>y community1 by means ( :i* x 0 8 object to de/roy ! ,muhamm$an p[]4 ,! pr9cipal ( ! religi\s in/itutions ( ,gr ,gv9d1 is t ( ! ,phal1--! c]emony by :i* a conv]t is initiat$ into ! tribe ( ,sikhs2 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 t ( ,s+hs4 ,! mean+ ( ?is in/itution is to make ! conv]t a memb] ( ! ,khlsa1 or ,sikh commonweal?1 :i* he c only become by ass5t+ to c]ta9 obs]vances2 ! devot+ himself to arms = ! def5ce ( ! commonweal?1 & ! de/ruction ( its enemies2 ! we>+ 8 hair1 & putt+ on a blue dress#aab4 ,! mode 9 :i* ,gr ,gv9d fir/ initiat$ 8 conv]ts1 is describ$ by a ,sikh writ]2 &1 z ,i believe x is ne>ly ! same z t n[ obs]v$1 ,i %all %ortly /ate x z he has describ$ x4 ,gr ,gv9d1 he says1 aft] 8 arrival at ,mk'haval1 initiat$ five conv]ts1 & gave !m in/ructions h[ to initiate o!rs4 ,! mode is z foll[s4 ,! conv]t is told t he mu/ all[ 8 hair to gr[4 ,he mu/ clo! himself f head to foot 9 blue clo!s4 ,he is !n pres5t$ ) ! five weapons3 a sword1 a firelock1 a b[ & arr[1 & a pike#aac4 ,"o ( ^? :o initiate him !n says1 ,! ,gr is ?y holy tea*]1 & ?\ art 8 ,sikh or disciple4 ,"s sug> & wat] is put into a cup1 & /irr$ r\nd ) a /eel knife1 or dagg]1 & "s ( ! fir/ *apt]s ( ! ,ad-,grant'h1 & ! fir/ *apt]s ( ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 are read2 & ^? :o p]=m ! initiation exclaim1 ,w6 ,grji k ,khlsa6 ,w6 ,grji k ,fateh6 7,success to ! /ate ( ! ,gr6 ,victory att5d ! ,gr67 ,aft] ?is exclamation has be5 repeat$ five times1 !y say1 ,?is %]bet is nect>4 ,x is ! wat] ( life2 dr9k x4 ,! disciple obeys2 & "s %]bet1 prep>$ 9 a simil> mann]1 is spr9kl$ ov] 8 head & be>d4 ,aft] ^! c]emonies1 ! disciple is ask$ if he cons5ts to be ( ! fai? ( ,gr ,gv9d4 ,he answ]s1 ,i d cons5t4 ,he is !n told1 ,if y d1 y mu/ ab&on all int]c\rse1 & nei!r eat1 dr9k1 nor sit 9 company ) m5 ( five sects :i* ,i %all "n4 ,! fir/1 ! ,mna ,d'hirmal2 :o1 ?\gh ( ! race ( ,nnac1 7 tempt$ by av>ice to give poison to ,arjun2 &1 ?\gh !y did n succe$1 !y ought to be expell$ f society4 ,! second are ! ,mus&i2 a sect :o call !mselves ,grs1 or prie/s1 & endeav\r to introduce het]odox doctr9es#aad4 ,! ?ird1 ,rm ,ry1 ! desc5dants ( ,rm ,ry1 ^: intrigues 7 ! great cause ( ! de/ruction ( ! holy rul]1 ,tgh ,s+h4 ,! f\r? are ! ,kud i-mr1 or de/roy]s#aae ( _! own daught]s4 ,fif?1 ! ,bhadan1 :o %ave ! hair ( _! head & be>ds4 ,! disciple1 aft] ?is w>n+ aga9/ int]c\rse ) sect>ies1 or r s*ismatics1 is in/ruct$ 9 "s g5]al precepts1 ! obs]vance ( :i* reg>d ! welf>e ( ! community into :i* he has ent]$4 ,he is told to be g5tle & polite to all ) :om he conv]ses1 to endeav\r to atta9 wisdom1 & to emulate ! p]suasive eloqu5ce ( ,bb ,nnac4 ,he is p>ticul>ly enjo9$1 :5ev] he approa*es any ( ! ,sikh temples1 to d x ) rev]5ce & respect1 & to g to ,amrits>1 to pay 8 devotions to ! ,khlsa1 or /ate2 ! int]e/s ( :i* he is direct$1 on all occasions1 to consid] p>am\nt to 8 own4 ,he is in/ruct$ to lab\r to increase ! prosp]ity ( ! t[n ( ,amrits>2 & told1 t at e place ( wor%ip :i* he visits he w be conduct$ 9 ! "r pa? by ! ,gr 7,gr ,gv9d74 ,he is in/ruct$ to believe1 t x is ! duty ( all ^? :o belong to ! ,khlsa1 or commonweal? ( ! ,sikhs1 nei!r to lam5t ! sacrifice ( prop]ty1 nor ( life1 9 support ( ea* o!r2 & he is direct$ to read ! ,ad-,grant'h & ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 e morn+ & e ev5+4 ,:atev] he has receiv$ f ,god1 he is told x is 8 duty to %>e ) o!rs4 ,& aft] ! disciple has he>d & und]/ood all ^! & simil> precepts1 he is decl>$ to be duly initiat$4 ,gr ,gv9d ,s+h1 agreeably to ?is ,sikh au?or1 aft] initiat+ ! fir/ five disciples 9 ! mode above /at$1 ord]$ ! pr9cipal p]sons among !m#aaf to initiate him exactly on simil> occasions1 :i* he did4 ,! au?or f :om ! above acc\nt is tak51 /ates1 t :5 ,gv9d 0 at ! po9t ( dea?1 he exclaim$1 ,:]ev] five ,sikhs are assembl$1 !re ,i also %all be pres5t6 &1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is expression1 five ,sikhs are ! numb] necess>y to make a ,s+h1 or conv]t4 ,by ! religi\s in/itutions ( ,gr ,gv9d1 proselytes are admitt$ f all tribes & ca/s 9 ! univ]se4 ,! initiation may take place at any "t ( life1 b ! *ildr5 ( ! ,s+hs all g ?r\gh ?is rite at a v e>ly age4 ,! lead+ t5et ( ,gr ,gv9d's religi\s in/itutions1 :i* obliges 8 foll[]s to devote !mselves to arms1 is /at$1 9 "o ( ! *apt]s ( ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 or book ( ! t5? k+1 writt5 9 praise ( ,drga ,b'havn1 ! goddess ( c\rage3 ,drga1 ,gr ,gv9d says1 appe>$ to me :5 ,i 0 asleep1 array$ 9 all h] glory4 ,! goddess put into my h& ! hilt ( a bright scimit>1 :i* %e _h be=e held 9 h] own4 ',! c\ntry ( ! ,muhamm$ans1' said ! goddess1 '%all be conqu]$ by !e1 & numb]s ( t race %all be sla94' ,aft] ,i _h he>d ?is1 ,i exclaim$1 ',?is /eel %all be ! gu>d to me & my foll[]s1 because1 9 its lu/re1 ! spl5d\r ( ?y c\nt5ance1 ,o goddess6 is always reflect$#aag4' ,! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h ( ,gr ,gv9d appe>s1 f ! extracts :i* ,i h se5 ( x1 to ab\nd 9 f9e passages4 ,its au?or has borr[$ l>gely f ! ,s/ras ( ! ,brahmns1 & ! ,korn4 ,he praises ,nnac z a holy sa9t1 accept$ ( ,god2 & gr\nds 8 fai?1 l t ( 8 pr$ecessors1 ^u ! adoration ( "o ,god2 ^: p[] & attributes he h[ev] describes by s _m ,sanscrit names1 & ) su* con/ant allusions to ! ,h9d my?ology1 t x appe>s (t5 difficult to sep>ate 8 pur] belief f _! gross idolatry4 ,he1 h[ev]1 rejects all wor%ip ( images1 on an op9ion tak5 f "o ( ! anci5t ,vdas1 :i* decl>es1 t to wor%ip an idol made ( wood1 e>?1 or /one1 is z fooli% z x is impi\s2 = ,god alone is des]v+ ( adoration4 ,! great po9ts1 h[ev]1 by :i* ,gr ,gv9d has sep>at$ 8 foll[]s = ev] f ! ,h9ds1 are ^? :i* h be5 be=e /at$2--! de/ruction ( ! di/9ction ( ca/s1 ! admission ( proselytes1 & ! r5d]+ ! pursuit ( arms n only admissible1 b ! religi\s duty ( all 8 foll[]s4 ,:]eas1 among ! ,h9ds1 agreeable to ! ,dh]ma ,s/ra1 7"o ( ! mo/ rev]$ ( _! sacr$ writ+s17 c>ry+ arms on all occasions1 z an occupation1 is only lawful to ! ,c%atrya or milit>y tribe4 ,a ,brhm5 is all[$ to obta9 a livelihood by arms1 if he c by no o!r mode4 ,! ,vaisya & ,sdra are n all[$ to make arms _! pr(ession1 ?\gh !y may use !m 9 self-def5ce4 ,! sacr$ book ( ,gr ,gv9d is n conf9$ to religi\s subjects1 or tales ( ,h9d my?ology1 relat$ 9 8 own way2 b ab\nds 9 acc\nts ( ! battles :i* he f\ght1 & ( ! actions :i* 7 p]=m$ by ! mo/ valiant ( 8 foll[]s4 ,c\rage is1 ?r\gh\t ?is "w1 plac$ above e o!r virtue2 & ,gv9d1 l ,muhamm$1 makes m>tyrdom = ! fai? :i* he taught1 ! %orte/ & mo/ c]ta9 road to hon\r 9 ?is _w1 & et]nal happ9ess 9 ! future4 ,! op9ion :i* ! ,sikhs ent]ta9 ( ,gv9d w be be/ collect$ f _! mo/ e/eem$ au?ors4 ,gr ,gv9d ,s+h1 "o#aah ( ^? writ]s /ates1 appe>$ z ! t5? ,avatr4 ,he m$itat$ on ! ,creator himself1 invisible1 et]nal1 & incompreh5sible4 ,he e/abli%$ ! ,khlsa1 8 own sect1 &1 by exhibit+ s+ul> en]gy1 leav+ ! hair on 8 head1 & seiz+ ! scimit>1 he smote e wick$ p]son4 ,he b\nd ! g>m5t ( *a/ity r\nd 8 lo9s1 grasp$ ! sword ( val\r1 &1 pass+ ! true ^w ( victory1 became victori\s 9 ! field ( combat2 & seiz+ ! ,dvats1 8 foes1 he inflict$ on !m puni%m5t2 &1 ) great success1 diffus$ ! sublime ,gr ,jp 7a my/ical =m ( pray] compos$ by ,gr ,gv9d7 ?r\gh ! _w4 ,z he 0 born a w>like ,s+h1 he assum$ ! blue dress2 &1 by de/roy+ ! wick$ ,turks1 he exalt$ ! "n ( ,h>i 7,god74 ,no ,sird> c\ld /& 9 battle aga9/ him1 b all ( !m fl$2 &1 :e!r ,h9d ,rjs1 or ,muhamm$an lords1 became l du/ 9 8 pres5ce4 ,! m\nta9s1 he>+ ( him1 7 /ruck ) t]ror2 ! :ole _w 0 affright$1 & ! p fl$ f _! habitations4 ,9 %ort1 su* 0 8 fame1 t !y 7 all ?r[n into con/]nation1 & began to say1 ',besides !e1 ,o ,sat ,gr6 !re is no dispell] ( dang]1'--,hav+ seiz$ & display$ 8 sword1 no p]son c\ld resi/ 8 might4 ,! same au?or1 9 a subsequ5t passage1 gives a v *>act]i/ic acc\nt ( t _s ( ho/ility :i* ! religion ( ,gr ,gv9d brea!d aga9/ ! ,muhamm$ans2 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* x treat$ ^? sacr$ writ+s1 ^u :i* mo/ ( ! e/abli%$ usages ( ,h9ds are gr\nd$4 ,by ! comm& ( ! ,et]nal1 ! great ,gr dissem9at$ ! true k4 ,full ( /r5g? & c\rage1 he successfully e/abli%$ ! ,khlsa 7or /ate74 ,?us1 at once f\nd+ ! sect ( ,s+h1 he /ruck ! :ole _w ) awe3 ov]turn+ temples & sacr$ places1 tombs & mosques1 he levell$ !m all ) ! pla93 reject+ ! ,vdas1 ! ,purns1 ! six ,s/ras1 & ! ,korn2 he aboli%$ ! cry ( ,namz 7,muhamm$an pray]71 & slew ! ,sultans2 r$uc+ ! ,mrs & ,prs 7! lords & prie/s ( ! ,muhamm$ans7 to sil5ce1 he ov]turn$ all _! sects2 ! ,m\llahs 7pr(essors71 & ! ,kzis 7judges71 7 conf\nd$1 & f\nd no b5efit f _! /udies4 ,! ,brhm5s1 ! ,p&its1 & ! ,jt%is 7or a/rolog]s71 _h acquir$ a reli% = worldly ?+s3 !y wor%ipp$ /ones & temples1 & =got ! ,supreme4 ,?us ^! two sects1 ! ,muhamm$an & ,h9d1 rema9$ involv$ 9 delusion & ignorance1 :5 ! ?ird sect ( ! ,khlsa orig9at$ 9 purity4 ,:51 at ! ord] ( ,gr ,gv9d1 ! ,s+hs seiz$ & display$ ! scimit>1 !n subdu+ all _! enemies1 !y m$itat$ on ! ,et]nal2 &1 z soon z ! ord] ( ! ,mo/ ,high 0 manife/$ 9 ! _w1 circumcision ceas$1 & ! ,turks trembl$1 :5 !y saw ! ritual ( ,muhamm$ de/roy$3 !n ! ,nakra 7l>ge drum7 ( victory s\nd$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & fe> & dread 7 aboli%$4 ,?us ! ?ird sect 0 e/abli%$1 & increas$ greatly 9 might4 ,^! extracts1 & :at ,i h be=e /at$1 w suffici5tly %[ ! "* ( ! religi\s in/itutions ( ,gr ,gv9d2 :i* 7 admirably calculat$ to awak51 ?r\gh ! means ( fanaticism1 a _s ( c\rage & indep5d5ce1 among m5 :o _h be5 cont5t1 = ages1 ) t degrad$ condition 9 society1 to :i* !y 7 taught to believe !mselves born4 ,! end :i* ,gv9d s\ght1 c\ld n1 p]haps1 h be5 atta9$ by ! employm5t ( o!r means4 ,exhortations respect+ _! civil rights1 & ! wrongs :i* !y su/a9$1 w\ld h be5 wa/$ on m9ds enslav$ by sup]/ition1 & :o c\ld only be p]suad$ to ass]t !mselves m51 by an impression t x 0 ! w ( ,heav5 !y %\ld d s4 ,8 success is a /rong elucidation ( ! g5]al "* ( ! ,h9d natives ( ,india4 ,t race1 ?\gh 9 g5]al mild & peaceable1 take ! mo/ savage & f]oci\s turn1 :5 r\s$ to action by ! influ5ce ( religi\s feel+4 ,i h m5tion$1 9 ! n>rative "p ( ?is ,sket*1 ! attempt ( ! ,bairg ,b&a to alt] ! religi\s in/itutions ( ,gr ,gv9d1 & its failure4 ,! tribe ( ,acls 7immortals71 :o h n[ assum$ a dictatorial sway 9 all ! religi\s c]emonies at ,amrits>1 & ! ,nirmala & ,%ahid1 :o read ! sacr$ writ+s1 may h]eaft] introduce "s *anges 9 ^? usages :i* ! ,sikhs rev]e3 b x is probable t ! _s ( equality1 :i* has be5 hi!rto consid]$ z ! vital pr9ciple ( ! ,khlsa or commonweal?1 & :i* makes all ,sikhs s reluctant to own ei!r a temporal or spiritual lead]1 w t5d greatly to pres]ve _! in/itutions f invasion3 & x is /at$1 9 a tradition :i* is univ]sally believ$ by ! ,sikhs1 & has1 inde$1 be5 ins]t$ 9 _! sacr$ writ+s1 t ,gr ,gv9d1 :5 he 0 ask$ by 8 foll[]s1 :o surr\nd$ 8 dea?-b$1 to :om he w\ld leave 8 au?ority8 repli$1 ,i h deliv]$ ov] ! ,khlsa 7commonweal?7 to ,god1 :o nev] dies4 ,i h be5 y\r guide1 & w /ill pres]ve y2 read ! ,grant'h1 & att5d to its t5ets2 & :oev] rema9s true to ! /ate1 him w ,i aid4 ,f ^! dy+ words ( ,gr ,gv9d1 ! ,sikhs believe !mselves to h be5 plac$1 by _! la/ & mo/ rev]$ prophet1 "u ! peculi> c>e ( ,god3 & _! atta*m5t to ?is my/]i\s pr9ciple1 leads !m to consid] ! ,khlsa 7or commonweal?7 z a !ocracy2 & su* an impression is likely to oppose a v s]i\s ob/acle1 if n an insup]able b>ri]1 to ! designs ( any ( _! *iefs1 :o may h]eaft] endeav\r to e/abli% an absolute p[] ov] ! :ole nation4 ,,! ,,end4 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,moyes1 ,greville ,/reet1 ,london4 ,,footnotes3 #if ,?is celebrat$ ,sfi1 or philosophical dei/1 liv$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,emp]or ,%r ,%h4 ,he 01 by trade1 a weav]2 b has writt5 sev]al admir$ works4 ,!y are all compos$ 9 a /ra9 ( univ]sal philan?ropy & b5evol5ce2 &1 above all1 he inculcat$ religi\s tol]ation1 p>ticul>ly betwe5 ! ,muhamm$ans & ,h9ds1 by bo? ( :om 8 memory is held 9 ! highe/ e/eem & v5]ation4 #ig ,nnac 0 celebrat$ = ! mann] 9 :i* he p]=m$ ,tapasa1 or au/]e devotion1 :i* requires ! m9d to be s totally absorb$ 9 ! ,div9ity1 z to be ab/ract$ f e worldly ?\ght1 & ?is = z long a p]iod z human /r5g? is capable ( su/a9+4 #ih ,! mo/ anci5t ,h9ds d n appe> to h paid adoration to idols2 b1 ?\gh !y ador$ ,god1 !y wor%ipp$ ! sun & elem5ts4 #ii ,b'hai ,gr ,ds ,b'hal4 #ajj ,brhm51 ,c%atrya1 ,vaisya1 & ,sdra4 #aja ,diff]5t sacr$ books ( ! ,h9ds4 #ajb ,yr signifies fri5d2 & "o ( ! prophet's titles1 among 8 foll[]s1 is ,y>-i-,khud1 or ! ,fri5d ( ,god4 #ajc ,! ,muhamm$an religion is said to be divid$ into sev5ty-two sects4 #ajd ,!re is no gr\nd to conclude t ca/s 7 altoge!r aboli%$ by ,nnac2 ?\gh 8 doctr9es & writ+s _h a t5d5cy to equalize ! ,h9ds1 & unite all 9 ! wor%ip ( "o ,god4 #aje ,a k9d ( ascetic devotion1 :i* has be5 be=e expla9$4 #ajf ,! ,sidd'8 7sa9ts7 are ! att5dants ( ! gods4 ,! "n is mo/ g5]ally appli$ to ^? :o wait on ,gansa4 #ajg ,! "n ,yat is mo/ usually appli$ to ! prie/s ( ! ,ja9as2 b x is also applicable to ,sanyss1 & o!r p5it5ts4 #ajh ,nnac appe>s on ?is1 & e o!r occasion1 to h pres]v$ 8 atta*m5t to ?is fav\rite dogma ( ! ,h9ds4 #aji ,?is fact is admitt$ by ,sikh au?ors4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 probable1 t ,nnac 0 b imp]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9es ( t volume4 #aaj ,a modifi$ species ( ! ,ng>i "*4 #aaa ,c]ta9ly no mat]ial alt]ation 0 made1 ei!r 9 ! belief or =ms ( ! ,sikhs1 by any ( 8 successors be=e ,gr ,gv9d4 ,h> ,gv9d1 :o arm$ 8 foll[]s to repel aggression1 w\ld only appe> to h made a tempor>y ef=t to oppose 8 enemies1 )\t an endeav\r to effect any s]i\s *ange 9 ! religi\s belief or cu/oms ( ! sect to :i* he belong$4 #aab ,x has be5 be=e /at$1 t all ! foll[]s ( ,gv9d d n n[ we> ! blue dress1 b !y all we> _! hair2 & _! jeal\s reg>d ( x is n to be describ$4 ,?ree inf]ior ag5ts ( ,sikh *iefs 7 "o day 9 my t5t2 "o ( !m 0 a ,khlsa ,s+h1 & ! two o!rs ( ! ,khalsa tribe ( ,sikhs4 ,i 0 laugh+ & jok+ ) ! ,khlsa ,s+h1 :o said he _h be5 ord]$ to att5d me to ,calcutta4 ,among o!r subjects ( our mir?1 ,i ralli$ him on tru/+ himself s mu* 9 my p[]4 ,:y1 :at is ! wor/1 said he1 t y c d to me1 :5 ,i am at su* a di/ance f home8 ,i pass$ my h& across my *91 imitat+ ! act ( %av+4 ,! man's face 0 9 an in/ant di/ort$ ) rage1 & 8 sword half drawn4 ,y are ignorant1 said he to me1 ( ! (f5ce y h giv54 ,i _c /rike y1 :o are above me1 & ! fri5d ( my ma/] & ! /ate4 ,b no p[]1 he add$1 %all save ^! fell[s1 allud+ to ! two ,khalsa ,sikhs1 f my rev5ge1 = hav+ d>$ to smile at y\r action4 ,x 0 ) ! greate/ difficulty1 & only by ! good (fices ( "s ,sikh *iefs1 t ,i 0 able to pacify ! w\nd$ hon\r ( ?is ,s+h4 #aac ,! goddess ( c\rage1 ,bhavn ,durg1 repres5t$ 9 ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 or book ( k+s ( ,gr ,gv9d1 z ! s\l ( arms1 or tutel>y goddess ( w>1 & is ?us address$3 ,?\ art ! edge ( ! sword1 ?\ art ! arr[1 ! sword1 ! knife1 & ! dagg]4 #aad ,gr ,gv9d put to dea? _m ( ?is tribe4 #aae ,?is b>b>\s cu/om /ill prevails among ! ,rjapts 9 _m p>ts ( ,h9d/an4 #aaf ,agreeably to ?is au?or1 ,gr ,gv9d 0 initiat$ on ,friday1 ! #h? ( ! mon? ,b'hdra1 9 ! ye> #agec ( ! ra ( ,vicramditya2 & on t day 8 great "w1 ! ,dasama ,pd%h k ,grant'h1 or book ( ! t5? k+1 0 complet$4 #aag ,an au?or1 :om ,i h (t5 quot$1 says1 ,gr ,gv9d gave ! foll[+ injunctions to 8 foll[]s3 ,x is "r to slay a ,muhamm$an :]ev] y meet him4 ,if y meet a ,h9d1 beat him & plund] him1 & divide 8 prop]ty among y4 ,employ y\r con/ant ef=t to de/roy ! c\ntries rul$ by ,muhamm$ans4 ,if !y oppose y1 defeat & slay !m4 #aah ,b'hai ,gr ,ds ,bhal4 ,,books ,,lately ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,john ,,murray1 #ej1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet1 ,,london4 #a4 ,,! ,,qu>t]ly ,,review2 f its ,comm5cem5t1 9 #ahji1 to ,decemb] #ahab4 ,sixte5 ,numb]s1 =m+ ,eight ,volumes1 #hvo4 h&somely pr9t$2 price #el4 9 extra bo>ds4 ,new ,editions ( ea* ,numb] h be5 aga9 pr9t$1 & !y may n[ be _h sep>ately2 price #fs4 ,no4 #ag w be publi%$ e>ly 9 ,febru>y #ahac1 & ! future ,numb]s regul>ly e ?ree mon?s4 #b4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,! ,,political ,,hi/ory ,,( ,india3 ,f ! ,introduction ( ,mr4 ,,pitt',s ,bill1 ,a4 ,d4 #aghd1 to ! pres5t ,date4 ,by ,,john ,,malcolm1 ,lieut5ant-,colonel 9 ! ,ea/ ,india ,company's ,madras ,army1 ,resid5t at ,mysore1 & late ,envoy to ! ,c\rt ( ,p]sia4 ,second ,edition1 royal #hvo4 #ahs4 #c4 ,,geographical ,,memoir ,,( ,,! ,,p]sian ,empire3 int]sp]s$ ) ,acc\nts ( ,mann]s & ,cu/oms4 ,by ,,john ,,macdonald ,,k9neir1 ,esq4 ,political ,assi/ant to ,brigadi]-,g5]al ,,malcolm1 late ,envoy to ! ,c\rt ( ,p]sia4 ,h&somely pr9t$ 9 #dto4 ) a ,map4 #cl4 #cs4 #d4 ,a ,,voyage ,,r\nd ,,! ,,_w1 ,,9 ,,! ,ye>s #ahjc1 #d1 #e1 & #f2 by ! comm& ( 8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y1 ,alex&] ,i4 9 ! ,%ips ,nade%da & ,neva2 "u ! ord]s ( ,capta9 ,a4 ,j4 ,,von ,,krus5/]n4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man1 7n[ pr9t+ at ,b]l917 by ,,ri*>d ,,belgrave ,,hoppn]1 ,esq4 ,h&somely pr9t$ 9 ,"o l>ge ,volume #dto4 ) ,*>ts1 ,plates1 c4 c4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,?is ,voyage is extremely int]e/+1 n only z be+ ! fir/ ev] und]tak5 by ,russia r\nd ! ,_w1 b z replete ) accurate & valuable in=mation4 ,its pr9cipal object 0 to c>ry out ,m4 ,de ,resan(f1 ,ambassador ,extraord9>y f ! ,c\rt ( ,russia to ! ,empire ( ,japan1 ) ! view ( e/abli%+ a communication4 ,x conta9s a p>ticul> ,acc\nt ( ?is ,embassy1 & an int]e/+ ,description ( ! ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! sev]al ,tribes & ,nations ( ! ,great ,pacific1 hi!rto s little kn[n4 #e4 ,,an ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,nepaul3 ,be+ ! ,sub/ance ( ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,mission to t ,c\ntry 9 ! ,ye> #agic4 ,by ,colonel ,,william ,,kirkpatrick4 ,9 royal #dto4 embelli%$ ) a l>ge ,map & ,fifte5 ,engrav+s4 #bl4 #abs4 #f;d4 #f4 ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,l>ge ,,views ,,9 ,,arabia1 ,abyss9ia1 & ,egypt1 c4 ,execut$ f ,draw+s by ,,h5ry ,,salt1 ,esq4 :o accompani$ ,"l ,val5tia on 8 ,travels1 & has s9ce be5 employ$ on a ,mission to ,abyss9ia4 ,! ,engrav+s are 9 ! same size & mann] z ,mr4 ,,daniell',s ,ori5tal ,sc5]y1 be+ #bd by #ah in*es4 ,! :ole are m\nt$1 & deliv]$ 9 a portfolio1 at ! price ( ,tw5ty-six ,gu9eas ! ,set4 #g4 ,,! ,,co/umes3--,illu/rative ( ! ,mann]s1 ,habits1 & ,decorations ( ! ,russians1 ,turks1 ,au/rians1 ,*9ese1 c4 repres5t$ 9 a ,s]ies ( ,?ree ,hundr$ & ,sev5ty-?ree ,engrav+s1 accurately f9i%$ 9 ! ,col\rs ( ! orig9al ,subjects1 ) %ort descriptive ,essays2 =m+ ,sev5 ,volumes1 ,imp]ial #dto4 z foll[3 ,! ,,co/ume ( ,,*9a2 by ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,,mason2 f orig9al ,draw+s1 by ,,peu ,,qua1 ( ,canton--,six ,gu9eas4 ,! ,,puni%m5ts ( ,,*9a2 by ! ,same--,?ree ,gu9eas & a ,half4 ,! ,,co/ume ( ,,turkey2 by ,,octavian ,d',,alvem>t--,eight ,gu9eas4 ,! ,,co/ume ( ,,russia--,eight ,gu9eas4 ,! ,,co/ume ( ,,au/ria--,six ,gu9eas4 ,! ,,co/ume ( ,,*9a2 by ,,william ,,alex&]1 ,draftsman to ! ,embassy ( ,e>l ,mac>tney--,six ,gu9eas4 ,! ,,co/ume ( ,,great ,,brita92 by ,w4 ,h4 ,,pyne--,n9e ,p\nds4 ,! price ( ! complete ,set1 9 extra bo>ds1 is ,=ty-eight ,p\nds ,sixte5 ,%ill+s & ,sixp5ce4 ,ei!r ,volume may be _h sep>ately4 #h4 ,,! ,,co/ume ,,( ,,! ,,anci5ts3 ,consi/+ ( a ,s]ies ( ,?ree ,hundr$ ,engrav+s 9 ,outl9e1 ) "s introductory ,lett]-press4 ,by ,,?omas ,,hope1 ,esq4 ,9 ,two ,volumes1 royal #dto4 #fl4 #fs4 ,! same ,"w1 9 ,two ,volumes1 royal #hvo4 #bl4 #abs4 #f;d4 #i4 ,,! ,,hi/oric ,,gall]y ,,( ,,portraits ,,& ,pa9t+s2 or1 ,graphic ,imitations ( ! f9e/ ,specim5s ( ! ,arts1 anci5t & mod]n2 ) ,descriptions & ,rem>ks1 ,biographical1 ,critical1 & ,explanatory4 ,9 ,sev5 ,volumes #hvo4 ,conta9+ m ?an #ejj outl9e ,engrav+s1 execut$ ) peculi> ta/e & _s4 ,price #al4 #ds4 ea* ,volume4 ,a few ,copies1 pr9t$ 9 #dto4 may be _h1 price #bl4 #es4 ea* ,volume4 ,! design ( ! pres5t publication is to display1 9 a small compass1 ! lab\rs ( ! ,hi/orian1 comb9$ ) ! happie/ ef=ts ( ! p5cil4 ,x is int5d$ to contribute to ! advancem5t ( sci5ce1 by pres5t+ to ! contemplation ( ! arti/ & ! connoisseur1 specim5s ( ! mo/ e/eem$ works ( ! be/ ma/]s1 anci5t & mod]n1 bo? 9 pa9t+ & 9 sculpture2 & by diffus+ 9 a novel & int]e/+ =m a k ( :at = ages has be5 appreciat$ & en?usia/ically admir$1 in/il into ! m9d ( ! m]e indiff]5t obs]v] a ta/e = ! polite arts4 #aj4 ,,travels ,,9 ,,! ,,isl& ,,( ,,icel& dur+ ! ,summ] ( ! ,ye> #ahaj4 ,by ,sir ,,george ,,/eu>t ,,mack5zie1 ,b>t4 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 c4 c4 ,9 ,"o ,volume1 #dto4 embelli%$ ) ,two ,maps1 ,fifte5 ,plates1 7_m f9ely col\r$71 & ,fifte5 ,vignettes4 ,second ,edition4 #cl4 #cs4 #aa4 ,,! ,,battles ,,( ,,talav]a3 a ,poem1 ) ,notes4 ,! ,n9? ,london ,edition2 ) important ,additions & ,corrections4 ,to :i* are n[ add$ ,,trafalg>1 & o!r ,poems4 ,) a ,portrait ( ,"l ,,well+ton1 f an orig9al ,bu/4 ,h&somely pr9t$ 9 #dto4 #aes4 #ab4 ,,romances3 ,consi/+3 ( ,,mejn\n & ,,leila1 a ,p]sian ,romance1 int]sp]s$ ) ,notes & ,poetry descriptive ( ,ori5tal ,sc5]y4--,,love & ,,humility2 a ,roman ,romance4--,! ,,lov]s2 or1 ,! ,,bir? ( ! ,,pleas+ ,,arts2 an ,arcadian ,romance4 ,by ,i4 ,d',,israeli1 ,esq4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,) an ,engrav+1 aft] a design by ,we/all4 ,foolscap #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 #ac4 ,,*ilde ,,h>old',s ,,pilgrimage4 ,a ,romaunt4 ,writt5 dur+ ! ,au?or's ,travels 9 ,portugal1 ,spa91 ,albania1 & "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ,p>ts ( ,greece4 ,) ,notes4 ,to :i* are add$1 a few ,miscellane\s ,poems1 & ,translations ( mod]n ,greek ,songs1 writt5 *iefly abroad3 & an ,app5dix1 conta9+ ,obs]vations on mod]n ,greek ,lit]ature1 ) a %ort ,catalogue ( ,romaic ,au?ors4 ,by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,"l ,,byron4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,h&somely pr9t$ 9 #hvo4 #abs4 #ad4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,nelson4 ,beautifully pr9t$ 9 ,"o ,volume1 small #hvo4 ) ,plates1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,_m ,lives ( ,,nelson h be5 writt53 "o is yet want+1 cle> & concise en\gh to become a ,manual = ! "y ,sailor1 :i* he may c>ry ab\t ) him till he has treasur$ up ! example 9 8 memory & 9 8 he>t4 ,9 attempt+ su* a ,"w1 ! ,au?or proposes to himself to write ! ,eulogy ( our great ,naval ,h]o2 = ! be/ ,eulogy ( ,,nelson is ! fai?ful hi/ory ( 8 actions2 ! be/ hi/ory is t :i* %all relate !m mo/ p]spicu\sly4 ,a v few ,copies are pr9t$ on l>ge pap]1 price #abs4 #ae4 ,,life ,,( ,,mi*el ,,angelo ,,buon>roti2 compris+ 8 ,lett]s1 ,poetry1 c4 ,specim5s ( :i* are translat$ by ,,s\!y & ,,wordswor? into ,engli% ,v]se2 conta9+ also a critical ,disquisition on 8 ,m]it z a ,sculptor1 a ,pa9t]1 an ,ar*itect1 & a ,poet4 ,by ,r4 ,,duppa1 ,esq4 ,! ,second ,edition1 elegantly pr9t$ 9 ,imp]ial #dto4 by ,b5sley2 conta9+ a ,portrait ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 by ,,b>tolozzi1 & ,fifty o!r ,engrav+s4 #cl4 #acs4 #f;d4 #af4 ,,collections ,,f ,,! ,,deiphnosophi/s1 or ,banquet ( ! ,gods1 ( ,,a!n,,u4 ,translat$ f ! orig9al ,greek1 by ,,?omas ,,eagles1 ,esq4 ,f4,r4,s4 beautifully pr9t$ 9 ,two ,volumes1 po/ #hvo4 #ahs4 ,?is ,"w is peculi>ly int]e/+1 f its lively exhibition ( v>i\s convivial cu/oms1 :i* prevail$ 9 diff]5t c\ntries 9 diff]5t p]iods3 int]sp]s$ ) passages ( exquisite ,poetry4 #ag4 ,,calamities ,,( ,,au?ors3 ,includ+ "s ,inquiries respect+ _! ,,moral & ,,lit]>y ,*>act]s4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ,,curiosities ( ,,lit]ature4 ,neatly pr9t$ 9 ,two ,volumes1 small #hvo4 #afs4 #ah4 ,,tales ,,( ,,! ,,ea/3 ,conta9+ upw>ds ( ,"o ,?\s& ,/ories3 compris+ ! :ole ( ! ,arabian1 ,p]sian1 ,turki%1 ,mogul1 ,t>t>ian1 & ,*9ese ,tales3 besides a numb] ( orig9al ,translations & ,repr9ts ( int]e/+ b little kn[n ,ea/]n ,romances4 ,elegantly pr9t$ by ,ballantyne1 9 ,?ree ,volumes sup]-royal #hvo4 d\ble columns4 #cl4 #ahs4 ,?is ,"w w be cont9u$ till a ,s]ies ( our be/ ,novels & ,romances be complet$1 & may ext5d probably to ,fifte5 ,volumes1 ea* portion ( :i* w be di/9ct & complete 9 itself1 & sold sep>ately4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,obvi\s errors ( punctuation & diacritics repair$4 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation fix$4 ,pp4 #da1 #gh;fn3 ,dehli - ,delhi4 ,p4 #fc;fn3 ,kahlr - ,kahilr4 ,p4 #ga3 a t[n situate - a t[n situat$4