,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,sid5otes are id5tifi$ z3 ,,sn3 text ( sid5ote4 ,additional ,transcrib]'s ,notes are at ! end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,relation ( ,art to ,nature 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,art ,,to ,,nature by ,john ,w4 ,beatty ,new ,york ,william ,edw9 ,rudge #aibb 99 99 99 99 99 ,copyright1 #aibb by ,,john ,w4 ,,beatty 99 99 99 99 99 ,to my g5tle wife ?is little volume is affectionately d$icat$4 ,cont5ts ,,argum5t ,page #a ,,! ,,arti/ ,,& ,,8 ,,purpose #e ,,anci5t ,,conceptions ,,( ,,art #ac ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,pa9t]s ,,& ,,sculptors #ai ,,op9ions ,,( ,,philosoph]s ,,& ,,writ]s #dh ,,symmetry #eg ,,conclusion #fg ,au?orities ,quot$ ,,pa9t]s ,,& ,,sculptors ,kuo ,hsi #aa? ,c5tury ,leon>do da ,v9ci #adeb-aeai ,albre*t ,dr] #adga-aebh ,mi*elangelo ,buon>otti #adge-aefd ,william ,hog>? #afig-agfd ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds #agbc-agib ,gilb]t ,/u>t #agee-ahbh ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce #agfi-ahcj ,john ,con/able #aggf-ahcg ,jean-,bapti/e ,camille ,corot #agif-ahge ,jean ,franois ,millet #ahad-ahge ,james ,abbott ,mc,neill ,:i/l] #ahcd-aijc ,john ,la ,f>ge #ahce-aiaj ,w9sl[ ,hom] #ahcf-aiaj ,anton ,mauve #ahch-ahhh ,augu/e ,rod9 #ahdj-aiae ,abbott ,h&]son ,?ay] #ahdi-aiba ,h5ry ,w>d ,rang] #aheh-aiaf ,giovanni ,segant9i #aheh-ahii ,,writ]s ,,& ,,philosoph]s ,socrates #dgj-cii ,b4 ,c4 ,plato #dbg-cdg ,b4 ,c4 ,ari/otle #chd-cbb ,b4 ,c4 ,b>on ,gottfri$ ,wilhelm von ,leibnitz #afdf-agaf ,alex&] ,gottlieb ,baumg>t5 #agad-agfb ,immanuel ,kant #agbd-ahjd ,georg ,wilhelm ,fri$ri* ,hegel #aggj-ahca ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau] #aghh-ahfj ,john ,/u>t ,blackie #ahji-ahie ,james ,an?ony ,fr\de #ahah-ahid ,jean ,h5ri ,fabre #ahbc-aiae ,hippolyte ,adolphe ,ta9e #ahbh-ahic ,william ,angus ,knight #ahcf-aiaf ,"l ,james ,bryce #ahch-aibb ,lafcadio ,he>n #ahej-aijd ,maurice ,maet]l9ck #ahfb- ,sei-i*i ,taki ,introduction ,9 8 v conv9c+ & lucid treatise on ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( art1 ,john ,w4 ,beatty gives u a mo/ absorb+ !me to foll[--! relation ( art to nature1 z express$ 9 _! own words by arti/s !mselves1 ( diff]5t times & cre$s2 )1 too1 ! op9ions ( philosoph]s & m5 ( lett]s4 ,himself a well-kn[n pa9t]1 ,mr4 ,beatty has be5 = almo/ ?irty ye>s ! enlight5$ ,director ( ,f9e ,arts ( ! ,c>negie ,in/itute1 :]e1 alone 9 our :ole c\ntry1 are held annually ,int]national ,exhibitions ( ,art4 ,mu* ( 8 life has ?us be5 sp5t 9 intimate association ) ! v be/ pa9t]s & sculptors ( our g5]ation1 & 8 & _! op9ions & obs]vations are "h to be read ) mu* pleasure & pr(it by e "o int]e/$ 9 art4 ,mr4 ,beatty is q "r :5 he says1 8,n _m able arti/s h record$ _! op9ions40 ,9 conv]sation1 or on ! impulse ( ! mom5t !y may (t5 speak ) great beauty & cl>ity ( expression1 b ne>ly always t]sely & to ! po9t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! man ( lett]s is m giv5 to analysis & f9ds m words1 & m beautiful ones1 to express 8 mean+4 ,analysis is p]haps a dang]\s ?+ = ! craftsman to toy )4 ,he mu/ approa* nature directly & simply1 ) conc5tration t is absolute4 ,he dissects only t p>ticul> fragm5t ( nature :i* is be=e him1 & t unconsci\sly4 ,! preci\s s5sation ( clos5ess to nature is s fleet+ & s fickle1 s (t5 n !re at all1 & s fright5$1 t x is easily sc>$ away by ! cold voice ( ! man ) a rule to foll[4 ,! ev] *ang+ aspect ( nature1 be x man or l&scape1 makes ! fir/ impression quickly record$ 9 ! ?umb-box sket*1 or ) a doz5 l9es on ! back ( an envelope1 an invaluable docum5t4 ,aga9 & aga9 9 ! pa9t+ ( a picture we ref] ) respect to ?is fir/ /rong impression ( nature4 ,! words "* & beauty are _m times repeat$ 9 ?is book4 ,bo? t]ms are def9ite & yet h[ ela/ic6 ,rembr&t is ! prem95t example ( ! complex mean+ ( ! ^w beauty2 _m ( 8 models he f\nd 9 ! ,ghetto & among 8 fri5ds & neighbors1 or1 = lack ( a model1 he pa9t$ himself4 ,surely he has prov$ to u t only t :i* has "* is truly beautiful2 & we mu/ also feel 9 ! pres5ce ( ,rembr&t's works1 8 absolute fidelity to tru?4 ,on a c]ta9 occasion ,i 0 9 ,rod9's /udio :5 ref]5ce 0 made to "s h>% criticism ( "o ( 8 nudes4 ,aft] li/5+ ) impati5ce ,rod9 %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s & said3 8,:y f9d fault ) me8 !y %\ld f9d fault ) nature60 ,& s we return to ,mr4 ,beatty's cont5tion t ! arti/ has succe$$ :5 he has imitat$ ! tru? & beauty ( nature4 ,! ^w imitation might seem to limit ! arti/'s p]sonal vision1 :i* mu/ be 8 v own4 ,h[ v diff]5t ?is p]sonal vision c be came vividly be=e me :5 ,i visit$ ! ,prado 9 ,madrid4 ,9 "o room are se5 ! immortal works ( ,velasquez1 among :i* are ! portraits ( ,philip ,,iv & 8 consort2 & 9 an adjo9+ room are portraits ( ?is same ,philip & 8 que5 by ,rub5s1 ! ,flem+1 :o happ5$ to be tempor>ily 9 ,madrid on a diplomatic mission4 ,! ,spani>d saw 8 sov]eigns 9 all _! spl5dor1 b ) a solemn dignity1 d>k hair$ & sall[ complexion$4 ,:ile ! man f ,antw]p saw ! =ms m r\nd & amiable1 ! hair & fle% m blond & col\rful1 & unconsci\sly inject$ ! blood ( ! ,ne!rl&s into ! ve9s ( 8 ,spani% sitt]s4 ,not)/&+ ?is p]sonal expression1 ! pr$ilection ( a ,rub5s = ! m florid col\rs1 ( a ,velasquez = ! m subdu$1 sob] notes f\nd 9 nature1 x rema9s true t ! end s\ght by bo? is ! repres5tation ( "* z x exi/s 9 nature4 ,,g>i ,,mel*]s4 ,belmont1 ,falm\?1 ,virg9ia1 ,janu>y #e1 #aibb4 99 99 99 99 99 8,! realities ( ,nature surpass our mo/ ambiti\s dreams40 ,,augu/e ,,rod9 ,argum5t ,my purpose 9 writ+ ?is treatise is to e/abli%1 if ?is be f\nd possible1 a f\ndation = ! belief t ! art ( ! pa9t] & sculptor is imitative1 n creative2 t ! great ma/]pieces ( art :i* h )/ood ! te/ ( "t re/ firmly ^u ! supreme expression ( "* & beauty z ^! qualities are reveal$ 9 man & nature2 t x is ! mission ( art to reveal & make pla9 ^! r>e & lovely qualities4 ,! tru?ful repres5tation ( ^! qualities con/itutes a common factor :i* b9ds all great works toge!r1 a fact t is realiz$ 9 e national gall]y ( art4 ,i h *os5 to base my argum5t n ^u !ory or op9ion b ^u ! evid5ce ( em95t pa9t]s & sculptors :o h produc$ great works ( art4 ,n _m able arti/s h record$ _! op9ions t\*+ ! philosophy ( art4 ,on ! o!r h&1 writ]s 9 abundance h und]tak5 to def9e art4 ,a few e>ly & "s mod]n philosoph]s h giv5 pr(\nd ?\ght to ! subject & bequea!d to u _! op9ions4 ,pa9t]s & sculptors1 ) few exceptions1 h[ev]1 h conf9$ _! ef=ts to se>*+ =1 & reveal+ by _! art1 beauty & "*4 ,m is ! pity1 because op9ion support$ by a*ievem5t is always m valuable ?an judgm5t :i* re/s solely ^u !ory or obs]vation4 ,! great ma/]s :o h direct$ bru% & *isel 9 ! p]=mance ( _! "w mu/ h kn[n :at _! purpose 02 !y c]ta9ly knew bett] ?an any "o else1 & !y und\bt$ly realiz$ h[ f> !y _h succe$$1 or h[ f> !y _h fall5 %ort ( secur+ ! qualities :i* !y _h discov]$ & :i* !y _h und]tak5 to reveal4 ,! evid5ce ( ^! m5 is invaluable4 ,its importance be>s an exact relation to _! success 9 produc+ great & endur+ works4 ,?is is true 9 e o!r field ( human endeavor & x is equally true 9 ! field ( art4 ,! op9ion ( ! great a/ronom] ) ref]5ce to a/ronomy is m valuable ?an t ( ! layman2 ! op9ion ( ! great pa9t] ?an t ( ! amateur4 ,! man :o kn[s any sci5ce s p]fectly t he c practice x successfully1 ! arti/ :o kn[s 8 art & nature s well t he c produce great works ( art1 ^! h e>n$ ! "r to express _! op9ions4 ,i ?9k ?is mu/ be accept$ z a fundam5tal tru?4 ,x is !re=e to ! pa9t] & sculptor t ,i turn = judgm5t4 ,i h be5 aid$ 9 ?is inquiry by k ( ! op9ions ( _m ( ! able pa9t]s & sculptors ( our own "t4 ,intimate discussion has /imulat$ fur!r inquiry1 & a conviction :i* 0 orig9ally bas$ ^u famili>ity ) ! me?ods & purpose ( ! pa9t] has be5 confirm$4 ,! ,arti/ & ,8 ,purpose ,dur+ all ! great p]iods ( art able m5 h /riv5 e>ne/ly to atta9 a k ( "* & beauty & to a*ieve _! tru?ful repres5tation4 ,ev5 :5 ! purpose ( ! arti/ has be5 to express "s specific idea or to record "s incid5t or hi/orical ev5t1 ! "w has liv$1 n because ( ! idea convey$ or ! int]e/ :i* atta*es to ! subject1 b because x has portray$ "* 9 a p[]ful mann]1 or because x has express$ ! qualities ( beauty :i* are inh]5t 9 nature4 ,^u ^! qualities1 z !y h be5 und]/ood & translat$ by ! arti/1 has dep5d$ ! life ( e great pa9t+ & "w ( sculpture4 ,i believe ?is to be a fundam5tal & f> rea*+ tru?1 accept$ almo/ univ]sally by pa9t]s & sculptors4 ,?is1 ,i "k1 is equival5t to say+ t ! *ief value ( a "w ( art lies 9 its p[] to give ae/hetic pleasure4 ,^! obs]vations may sugge/ a "q z to ! relative importance ( a "w ( art :i* tells a /ory or records hi/orical ev5ts z comp>$ ) "o :i* appeals solely to ! ae/hetic s5se or ! love ( beauty4 ,human language1 x w\ld seem to me1 is ! logical me?od = convey+ ?\ght f "o m9d to ano!r & (f]s direct1 untrammell$ m5tal contact )\t ! int]v5tion ( =m or design ( any k9d1 :ile ! repres5tation ( beauty = beauty's sake alone is ! m direct & effective way ( creat+ & /imulat+ 9 ! human he>t a love ( nature & art4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! "q consid]$ 9 ?is "w4 ,! "q rais$ is simply ?is3 ,has ! arti/1 9 repres5t+ ! evanesc5t effects ( nature1 ! manifold beauties & h>monies ) :i* we are surr\nd$ 9 ?is _w1 or pr$om9ant "* z express$ by man1 exce$$ nature ei!r by virtue ( 8 exceptional p[] or z a result ( any p]sonal quality :i* he may imp>t to ! "w8 ,x is also manife/ly true t ! greatness ( a "w ( art mu/ dep5d ^u ! m5tal p[] ( ! arti/1 t p[] :i* enables him to appreh5d or discov] ! ess5tial qualities exi/+ 9 nature4 ,x is equally true t e arti/1 ev5 ?\gh :olly absorb$ 9 ! ef=t to reveal ! tru? & beauty :i* exi/ 9 nature1 expresses 9 "s degree 8 own p]sonality4 ,he does ?is inevitably1 fir/1 by ! type ( subject he *ooses to /udy & repres5t1 &1 second1 b 9 a less important degree1 by ! te*nical mann] employ$4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 well und]/ood by e "o4 ,x is n = a mom5t disput$4 ,b beyond & above ?is p]sonal expression /&s1 z ! *ief & highe/ purpose ( ! arti/1 ! repres5tation ( tru? & "* z ^! d actually exi/4 ,:ile ! pa9t] has us$ 8 art to record hi/ory1 to tell /ories1 & to express emotions & convictions1 8 *ief mission is to extract f nature h] _m beautiful =ms & h>monies & to pres5t ^! 9 pleas+ fa%ion4 ,9 ?is way ! artisan1 draw+ ^u ! great multitude ( beautiful =ms & col\rs exhibit$ by nature & s lavi%ly spread ev]y:]e 9 ! animal & plant creations1 cunn+ly fa%ions patt]ns & comb9ations1 weav+ ^! into rugs & adapt+ !m to ! _m beautiful objects ) :i* we are famili>4 ,not)/&+ ^! accept$ facts1 ,i am conv9c$ t ! great works ( ! pa9t] & sculptor1 ^? ( supreme importance1 re/ n ^u any ( ^! devices or expressions ( art1 b ^u ! fai?ful1 un]r+ & ma/]ly repres5tation ( "* & beauty z ^! d actually exi/4 ,! ma/]pieces ( art z !y live today 9 ! national art gall]ies ( ! _w e/abli% ?is fact4 ,!y seem to possess a common factor )\t reg>d to subject or p]iod :i* unites 9 a common family ! great pa9t+s ( ! entire hi/ory ( art4 ,?is factor ,i believe to be ! quality ( tru?4 ,^! great works owe _! exi/5ce to ! fact t !y fai?fully repres5t "s great out/&+ type1 or because !y tru?fully reveal ! *>act]i/ic & ess5tial beauty ( nature express$ 9 "o ( h] _m moods4 ,!y are important j 9 proportion z _! ma/]s h und]/ood ^! qualities & record$ _! impressions on canvas & 9 m>ble4 ,i "k p]fectly well t ! op9ion "h express$ is n ! "o mo/ widely accept$2 x is n ! popul> view ( art2 x is n ! view express$ by _m writ]s ^u ?is subject4 ,! op9ion mo/ widely accept$ is t ! arti/ creates beauty2 t 9 "s my/]i\s way1 by virtue ( a special gift1 he does actually evolve f )9 8 own consci\sness =ms ( grace & lovel9ess2 t h[ev] deeply ! arti/ s9ks himself 9 nature1 art yet rema9s int5sely individual2 t 9 repres5t+ nature he adds to t :i* he secures f nature a p]sonal quality :i* becomes ! mo/ important "p ( ! "w4 ,?is is ! !ory ( art accept$ v g5]ally1 b x is n support$ by evid5ce4 ,! ma9 purpose ( ?is writ+ is1 9 fact1 to e/abli% by ! evid5ce ( ! m5 :o are quot$ t _! reliance has be5 solely ^u nature & _! success 9 exact proportion to _! k ( nature & _! ability to portray h] pr$om9ant qualities4 ,let me repeat1 h[ev]1 t ! ability to see & und]/& nature is dep5d5t ^u m5tal p[]4 ,! man ( limit$ m5tal p[] w see little2 ! "o ( great p[] w see mu*4 ,! latt] w appreh5d ! subtle1 elusive qualities 9 a way impossible to ! =m]4 ,?is1 ,i "k1 is equival5t to say+ t ! great arti/ mu/ br+ to 8 task a great m9d4 ,?is assumption is q correct4 ,a great m9d is t p[] :i* is vaguely describ$ z g5ius2 x is :at enables m5 to accompli% great ?+s 9 e field ( human endeavor4 ,! "q1 !re=e1 is n :e!r ! great arti/ possesses sup]ior p[]1 b r h[ important are ! inevitable traces ( p]sonal pr$ilection or te*nical mann] reveal$ 9 ne>ly all works ( art z comp>$ ) ! tru?ful pres5tation ( ! fundam5tal qualities ! arti/ has discov]$ & und]tak5 to repres5t4 ,let u exam9e ?is phase ( ! "q m fully4 ,a pa9t+ by ,corot = in/ance be>s1 fir/1 ! evid5ce ( ,corot's *oice ( subject4 ,t :i* appeal$ to him 9 nature he pa9t$4 ,! k9d ( ?+ he lov$1 ! phase ( nature he *ose1 unque/ionably bore evid5ce ( 8 p]sonal temp]am5t or pr$ilection4 ,by ?is he express$ 8 p]sonal ta/e1 8 discrim9at+ judgm5t1 himself1 9 fact4 ,if ! arti/ be a man ( g5tle & s5sitive quality1 he w select = repres5tation1 z ,corot did1 a phase ( nature :i* is 9 accord ) 8 feel+4 ,9 ! second place1 a pa9t+ by ,corot w exhibit 9 a v obvi\s way ! manife/ impress ( ! arti/'s te*nical me?od4 ,9 fact1 ! mann] by :i* ! "w is p]=m$1 t :i* is t]m$ te*nic1 ! v mann] 9 :i* ! arti/ t\*es ! canvas1 becomes a di/+ui%+ & individual *>act]i/ic intimately associat$ ) ! arti/ & easily recogniz$4 ,h[ev]1 ! te*nical treatm5t is ( little significance4 ,x is 9 an important s5se pure mann]ism1 (t5 ! result ( habit or e>ly pr(essional tra9+4 ,9 a limit$ s5se x is ! h&writ+ ( ! arti/4 ,?is te*nical side ( a pa9t+1 ! obvi\s & sup]ficial aspect1 is1 ,i am conv9c$1 giv5 by ! amateur an importance out ( all proportion to its value4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 deal ) ?is p]sonal phase ( a "w ( art4 ,! "q is h[ important is ?is p]sonal expression z comp>$ ) ! m pr(\nd tru? ( nature4 ,if we may accept ! te/imony ( ! pa9t]s & sculptors :o h produc$ endur+ works ( art1 we w1 ,i ?9k1 be conv9c$ t ?is quality is n important :5 comp>$ ) ess5tial tru? or pr$om9ant "*4 ,! arti/s ^: op9ions y w read seem almo/ )\t exception to atta* great] importance to ! expression ( ! "* ( ! p]son or object repres5t$ ?an to ! expression ( p]sonal temp]am5t4 ,inde$1 !y seem to be oblivi\s to ! qualities :i* attract & occupy ! att5tion ( ! writ] & amateur1 b !y are insi/5t ^u ! p>am\nt importance ( tru?4 ,:at ?is all-important quality is may be fur!r expla9$ by a simple illu/ration4 ,abraham ,l9coln 0 an out/&+ type4 ,! pa9t] or sculptor _c by 8 art enhance ei!r ! beauty or /r5g? ( ,l9coln's "*4 ,! utmo/ he c hope to d is to realize t "* 9 its ri*ness & fullness ( p[]4 ,9 ev]y?+ ! arti/ t\*es 9 8 ef=t to reproduce ?is "* 8 ta/e w be display$1 ev5 9 ! treatm5t ( details1 ! adju/m5t ( drap]ies & accessories1 ! appropriat5ess ( ge/ure or movem5t2 b all ^! ?+s1 includ+ ! te*nic display$1 w be subord9ate to ,l9coln's "*4 ,! great1 out/&+1 dom9ant "* ( ,abraham ,l9coln exi/s z a ma/]piece ( nature f> outrank+ 9 p]fection any description or portraiture4 ,! man :o be/ reads or compreh5ds ?is "* & :o mo/ fai?fully repres5ts x1 w produce ! greate/ "w ( art4 ,9 ! ef=t to d ?is1 ! pa9t] or sculptor w und\bt$ly leave traces ( 8 own individuality or temp]am5t1 b ^! qualities mu/ n be confus$ ) ! dom9ant "* ( a ,l9coln or giv5 undue importance4 ,! highe/ purpose ( ! arti/ is to fai?fully repres5t "*4 ,anci5t ,conceptions ( ,art ,closely alli$ to ! ?\ght t ! pa9t] creates beauty is ! anci5t tradition t ! arti/ is inspir$ to produce works ( art4 ,?is conviction _h its orig9 v e>ly 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,9 ! "t ( ,praxiteles ?is belief 0 ent]ta9$ by _m2 x 0 ?\ght1 = in/ance1 t 9 ! production ( ! ,aphrodite ( ,knidos ! sculptor 0 inspir$ by ! goddess h]self4 ,?is conception ( art d\btless grew out ( ! fact t ! e>ly art ( ! ,egyptians & ,greeks 0 l>gely devot$ to ! repres5tation ( deities & to ! erection ( temples :i* %\ld be _! %r9es4 ,?is association ( art ) ! gods & _! temples d\btless contribut$ to ! belief t ! arti/ 0 inspir$ or t he possess$ a sup]ior p[] or ! gift ( inspiration4 ,,sn3 ,hegel ,closely alli$ ) ?is ?\ght 0 ! conception express$ by ,hegel ) ref]5ce to a di/9ction betwe5 ! ext]nal & mat]ial =ms ( art & ! _s :i* he sugge/s p]meates ! "w & ( :i* x is a manife/ation4 ,hegel1 al?\gh accept+ ! !ory t 8art has ! vocation ( reveal+ ! tru? 9 ! =m ( s5su\s arti/ic %ape10 speaks ( ! union ( ! mat]ial ) ! spiritual 9 a mann]1 :i* al?\gh q true 9 ab/ract reason+1 contributes to ?is impression4 ,discuss+ ,ar*itecture z a ,f9e ,art1 he wrote3 8,! mat]ial ( ar*itecture is matt] itself 9 its imm$iate ext]nality z a heavy mass subject to me*anical laws1 & its =ms rema9 ! =ms ( inorganic nature1 b are m]ely arrang$ & ord]$ 9 accordance ) ! ab/ract rules ( ! und]/&+1 ! rules ( symmetry4 ,b 9 su* mat]ial & 9 su* =ms ! ideal z concrete spirituality _c be realiz$2 ! reality :i* is repres5t$ 9 !m rema9s1 !re=e1 ali5 to ! spiritual idea1 z some?+ ext]nal :i* x has n p5etrat$ or ) :i* x has b a remote & ab/ract relation4444 ,into ?is temple n[ ent]s ! ,god himself4 ,! lightn+-fla% ( individuality /rikes ! in]t mass1 p]meates x1 & a =m no long] m]ely symmetrical1 b inf9ite & spiritual1 conc5trates & molds its adequate bodily %ape40 ,no "o today 9 ! pres5ce ( a sup]b relic ( ar*itecture asks :e!r or n x is ! abid+ place ( a _s4 ,x is accept$ z express+ ! _s ( beauty & is enjoy$ = ?is alone4 ,hegel's conception ( a "w ( art1 frequ5tly express$ 9 8 philosophy1 0 t ! cont5t or idea is ! important ?+4 ,?is conception con=m$ to e>ly art because pa9t+ & sculpture 7 employ$ prim>ily to express ideas4 ,) ! developm5t ( ! ,l&scape ,s*ool ( ,art & ! enjoym5t ( art on ! purely ae/hetic side1 mod]n ?\ght has mat]ially *ang$4 ,gradually our appreciation ( ! beautiful = its own sake has develop$4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is movem5t has react$ ^u all phases ( art expression1 & ev5 ^? works :i* express ideas 9 ! s5se ( subject matt] h come to be judg$ ^u ! basis ( ae/hetic beauty1 r ?an ) ref]5ce to ! idea or cont5t z ?us def9$4 ,!re=e :at ,hegel says applies to ! e>ly conception ( art r ?an to t ( ! pres5t "t4 ,,sn3 ,socrates ,ano!r conception ( art sugge/s ! union ( ! beautiful ) ! good4 ,! philosophy ( ,socrates tea*es ?is4 ,he reg>d$ ! beautiful z co9cid5t ) ! good1 & bo? ( !m z resolvable into ! useful4 ,he does n seem to h atta*$ importance to ! imm$iate gratification :i* a beautiful object af=ds to p]ception & contemplation1 b r to h emphasiz$ its p[] ( fur!r+ ! m necess>y ends ( life4 ,^! e>ly !ories & conceptions ) ref]5ce to art may 9 "s degree acc\nt = ! preval5ce ( an impression1 ev5 9 our own "t1 t ! arti/ is inspir$ or t he creates 8 ma/]piece z ! result ( "s sup]natural p[]4 ,x has always seem$ to ! inexp]i5c$ t ! creation ( a "w ( art implies an elem5t ( my/]y or repres5ts some?+ inexplicable4 ,:at is to ! pa9t] a natural process becomes my/]i\s4 ,no?+ exi/$ on ! blank canvas & behold1 pres5tly1 !re appe>s a picture simulat+ life4 ,hav+ no k ( ! me?ods employ$1 or ( ! ye>s ( pati5t labor requir$ to secure ! te*nical ability to repres5t ! actual tru? & _s ( natural objects1 ! result seems f> remov$ f ! ord9>y4 ,!nce x is b a /ep to ! po9t ( view t ! arti/ is "o 8inspir$40 ,al?\gh ! conception ( a "w ( art :i* places x above nature is v old1 ,i d n recall a def9ition made "u ?is impression :i* seems satisfactory4 ,!re is always app>5t ! ef=t to compromise or br+ toge!r two di/9ct conceptions--! "o attribut+ to ! "w a quality sup]ior to nature & ! o!r dem&+ t x be a tru?ful repres5tation ( nature4 ,def9+ a "w ( art z some?+ sup]ior to nature1 & at ! same "t insi/+ t x repres5t nature fai?fully is an inconsi/5cy et]nally cropp+ out4 ,,sn3 ,john ,con/able ,john ,con/able t\*$ ?is subject ) rem>kable acum5 & express$ 8 conviction ) precision :5 he said3 8,x appe>s to me t pictures h be5 ov]-valu$2 held up by a bl9d admiration z ideal ?+s1 & almo/ z /&>ds by :i* nature is to be judg$ r ?an ! rev]se2 & ?is false e/imate has be5 sanction$ by ! extravagant epi!ts t h be5 appli$ to pa9t]s1 z #8! div9e1' #8! inspir$1' & s =?4 ,yet1 9 reality :at are ! mo/ sublime productions ( ! p5cil b selections ( "s ( ! =ms ( nature1 & copies ( a few ( h] evanesc5t effects2 ! result1 n ( inspiration1 b ( long & pati5t /udy1 "u ! direction ( mu* good s5se40 ,?is1 !n1 is my argum5t3 ,fir/1 t art is ! expression ( supreme or pr$om9ant "* & ! repres5tation ( grace & h>mony z ^! qualities exi/ 9 nature2 &1 second1 t ! tru?ful r5d]+ ( ^! qualities is ! high mission ( ! pa9t] & sculptor4 ,evid5ce ( ,pa9t]s & ,sculptors ,if we w n[ turn to ! evid5ce be>+ ^u ?is subject1 we w discov] :at ,i h already indicat$1 namely1 t ! able arti/s :o h express$ op9ions t\*+ ! philosophy ( _! art h done s 9 no unc]ta9 t]ms1 & t ! op9ions :i* ref] art to nature z ! highe/ s\rce seem conv9c+4 ,we w also discov] t n only d ! majority ( able pa9t]s agree ^u :at art really is1 & express _! op9ions ) cle>ness & precision1 b t _m ( ! philosoph]s ( rec5t & anci5t times def9e art 9 ! same =ceful way4 ,let u fir/ exam9e op9ions express$ by pa9t]s & sculptors4 ,,sn3 ,mi*elangelo ,mi*elangelo wrote3 8,9 my judgm5t t is ! excell5t & div9e pa9t+ :i* is mo/ l & be/ imitates any "w ( immortal ,god1 :e!r a human figure1 or a wild & /range animal1 or a simple & easy fi%1 or a bird ( ! air1 or any o!r creature4444 ,to imitate p]fectly ea* ( ^! ?+s 9 its species seems to me to be no?+ else b to desire to imitate ! "w ( immortal ,god4 ,& yet t ?+ w be ! mo/ noble & p]fect 9 ! works ( pa9t+ :i* 9 itself reproduc$ ! ?+ :i* is mo/ noble & ( ! greate/ delicacy & k40 ,mi*elangelo ?us r$uces ! philosophy ( art to ! simple problem ( selection1 & ! fai?ful & tru?ful repres5tation ( ! dom9ant1 ! graceful1 ! h>moni\s1 & ! beautiful 9 nature4 ,8 /atem5t1 :i* s simply1 ev5 qua9tly1 expresses ! op9ion ( a great ma/] ^: works h comm&$ ! homage ( ! _w dur+ ne>ly f\r c5turies1 is wor?y ( ! mo/ c>eful consid]ation4 ,x reveals 8 reliance ^u nature )\t confusion ( ?\ght or pret5sion ( any k9d4 ,!re are "h no intricate def9itions ( art or complex !ories conc]n+ 8 me?od ( creat+ 8 ma/]ly repres5tations ( ! be/ he f\nd 9 nature--8! ?+ :i* is mo/ noble60 ,! univ]sality ( ?is pr(\nd tru? & ( its indep5d5ce ( local conditions & circum/ances is emphasiz$ by ! fact t ano!r great ma/] ( ano!r race1 "o ^: te*nical me?ods & *oice ( subjects diff]$ widely f ^? ( ,mi*elangelo1 express$ ! same reliance ^u nature4 ,,sn3 ,albre*t ,dr] ,albre*t ,dr] 0 a contempor>y ( ,mi*elangelo1 b he work$ "u widely diff]5t conditions4 ,x is ! great fundam5tal quality ( tru? s qua9tly comm5d$ by ,mi*elangelo t di/+ui%es ! works ( ,albre*t ,dr]4 ,albre*t ,dr] wrote3 8,life 9 ,nature proves ! tru? ( ^! ?+s2 !re=e consid] h] dilig5tly1 guide ?yself by h]1 & sw]ve n f ,nature1 ?9k+ t ?\ can/ f9d some?+ bett] ( ?yself1 = ?\ wilt be deceiv$4 ,= ,art /&e? firmly fix$ 9 ,nature1 & :oso c !nce r5d h] =?1 he only possesse? h]40 ,,sn3 ,leon>do da ,v9ci ,we f9d 9 ,leon>do da ,v9ci's notebook ref]5ce to ?is same pr9ciple4 ,he recomm5ds application to ! /udy ( ! works ( nature & advises ! /ud5t to )draw z f> z possible f ! companion%ip ( o!rs 9 ord] t he may m e>ne/ly & effectively d ?is4 ,8 sage advice emphasizes ! importance ( /udy4 8,! eye1 :i* is call$ ! w9d[ ( ! s\l1 is ! *ief means :]eby ! und]/&+ may mo/ fully & abundantly appreciate ! inf9ite works ( nature4444 ,all visible ?+s d]ive _! exi/5ce f nature1 & f ^! same ?+s is born pa9t+40 ,,sn3 ,william ,hog>? ,ano!r pa9t] :o has writt5 8 op9ion ^u ?is subject is ,william ,hog>?1 :o said3 8,nature is simple1 pla91 & true1 9 all h] works1 & ^? :o /rictly adh]e to h] laws1 & closely att5d to h] appe>ances 9 _! inf9ite v>ieties1 are gu>d$ aga9/ any prejudic$ bias f tru?40 ,,sn3 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds ,( ! great pa9t]s :o h t\*$ ^u ! philosophy ( art 9 _! writ+s1 no "o has writt51 %all ,i say1 m flu5tly ?an has ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,he may ev5 be said to h be5 eloqu5t4 ,8 lectures prep>$ = ! /ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy h be5 fam\s = a c5tury & a half4 ,!y h n only inspir$ g5]ations ( art /ud5ts ) a ke5] int]e/ 9 art1 b !y are probably ! mo/ helpful utt]ances ^u ! subject giv5 to ! _w 9 8 "t or s9ce4 ,x seems to me1 h[ev]1 t1 z is (t5 ! case :]e great facility ( expression is practic$1 ,reynolds employs a t]m :i*1 )\t cle> def9ition1 confuses ! m9d4 ,?is is true :]e he frequ5tly uses ! t]m 8g5ius40 ,! t]m is associat$ 9 popul> belief ) ! p[] to create works ( art4 ,al?\gh us+ a t]m :i* is at lea/ subject to ?is int]pretation1 ,reynolds def9itely d5ies to ! human m9d ?is p[]1 ass]t+ t ! p[] to create is simply ! p[] to imitate nature4 ,reynolds wrote3 8,i am on ! contr>y p]suad$ t by imitation only1 v>iety1 & ev5 orig9ality ( inv5tion1 is produc$4 ,i w g fur!r2 ev5 g5ius1 at lea/ :at g5]ally is s call$1 is ! *ild ( imitation40 ,he fur!r says3 8,! /udy ( nature is ! beg9n+ & ! end ( !ory4 ,x is 9 nature only we c f9d t beauty :i* is ! great object ( our se>*2 x c be f\nd n[h]e else2 we c no m =m any idea ( beauty sup]ior to nature ?an we c =m an idea ( a six? s5se1 or any o!r excell5ce out ( ! limits ( ! human m9d40 ,reynolds aga9 writes3 8,inv5tion1 /rictly speak+1 is little m ?an a new comb9ation ( ^? images :i* h be5 previ\sly ga!r$ & deposit$ 9 ! memory3 no?+ c come ( no?+3 he :o has laid up no mat]ials c produce no comb9ations40 ,,sn3 ,john ,con/able ,john ,con/able1 a contempor>y ( ,reynolds1 & to ^: judgm5t we h already ref]r$1 fur!r express$ 8 op9ion ^u ?is subject4 ,a /atem5t ( pr9ciple by him seems to be conviction cry/alliz$4 ,con/able1 al?\gh unaccu/om$ to writ+1 ev5 unaccu/om$ to discussion1 because he 0 a man ( quiet & simple life1 seems to h ?\ght pr(\ndly2 & :5 ! r>e occasion to express 8 op9ion did come he cond5s$ )9 a few words a great fundam5tal pr9ciple ) un]r+ precision4 ,8 def9ition ( ! purpose & me?od ( ! arti/ _c1 ,i ?9k1 be excell$ = accuracy or fullness ( mean+4 ,he wrote3 8,9 art1 !re are two modes by :i* m5 aim at di/9ction2 9 ! "o1 by a c>eful application to :at o!rs h accompli%$1 ! arti/ imitates _! works1 or selects & comb9es _! v>i\s beauties2 9 ! o!r1 he seeks excell5ce at its primitive s\rce1 nature4 ,9 ! fir/1 he =ms a /yle ^u ! /udy ( pictures1 & produces ei!r imitative or eclectic art2 9 ! second1 by a close obs]vation ( nature1 he discov]s qualities exi/+ 9 h] :i* h nev] be5 portray$ be=e1 & ?us =ms a /yle :i* is orig9al4 ,! results ( ! "o mode1 z !y repeat t ) :i* ! eye is already famili>1 are soon recogniz$ & e/imat$1 :ile ! advances ( ! arti/ 9 a new pa? mu/ necess>ily be sl[1 = few are able to judge ( t :i* deviates f ! usual c\rse1 or qualifi$ to appreciate orig9al /udies40 ,!re is "h no my/]y or ambiguity4 ,?is is ! /atem5t ( a pr(\nd tru? by a great pa9t] :o knew p]fectly 8 reliance ^u nature4 ,x 0 prompt$ by ! conviction ( a great m9d :i* saw only ! und]ly+ fact & abjur$ all trivialities & hair-splitt+ !ories4 ,9 8 m5tal attitude & grasp1 ,con/able 0 l ,w9sl[ ,hom]1 a man ( few words1 "o giv5 to mu* ?\ght & to firm convictions4 ,,sn3 ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce ,9 "o ( 8 lectures at ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,great ,brita91 ,con/able said3 8,x 0 said by ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce1 t #8we c nev] hope to compete ) nature 9 ! beauty & delicacy ( h] sep>ate =ms or col\rs1 our only *ance lies 9 selection & comb9ation4'0 ,,sn3 ,gilb]t ,/u>t ,gilb]t ,/u>t express$ a l reliance ^u nature :5 he said3 8,y mu/ copy nature1 b if y leave nature = an imag9>y effect1 y w lose all4 ,nature _c be excus$1 & z y\r object is to copy nature1 x is ! height ( folly to "w at any?+ else to produce t copy40 ,,sn3 ,corot ,corot 0 equally assur$ ( ! importance ( ?is pr9ciple to an arti/4 ,he said3 8,tru? is ! fir/ ?+ 9 art1 & ! second1 & ! ?ird40 ,,sn3 ,millet ,let u take ! op9ion ( ano!r able pa9t]1 t ( ,millet1 :o said3 8,m5 ( g5ius are1 z x 71 end[$ ) a div9+-rod4 ,"s discov] "o ?+ 9 nature1 "s ano!r1 accord+ to _! temp]am5t4444 ,! mission ( m5 ( g5ius is to reveal t portion ( nature's ri*es :i* !y h discov]$1 to ^? :o w\ld nev] h suspect$ _! exi/5ce4 ,!y int]pret nature to ^? :o _c und]/& h] language40 8,i %\ld l to d no?+ :i* 0 n ! result ( an impression receiv$ f ! appe>ance ( nature1 ei!r 9 l&scape or figures40 8,i %\ld express ! type v /rongly1 ! type be+1 to my m9d1 ! mo/ p[]ful tru?40 ,^! op9ions are at once simple & compreh5sive4 ,!y express ! ?\ghts ( m5 :o h a*iev$ great works4 ,inde$1 ,i h nev] he>d ! able ma/] ( art say o!rwise ?an t he has /riv5 ) all 8 p[]1 sometimes 9 despair1 to wre/ f nature ! subtle beauties ( =m & col\r possess$ by h] & discov]$ by ^? :o h ! p[] to p]ceive & und]/& ^! qualities4 ,nature is ! supreme /&>d1 atta9$ to only 9 "p4 ,we may accept nature z ! s\rce ( all beauty & h>mony 9 art & re/ assur$ t ! /ream has nev] ris5 above its s\rce4 ,! op9ions "h quot$ d n diff] mat]ially f ^? express$ by pa9t]s ( our own "t4 ,,sn3 ,:i/l] ,i recall t ,:i/l] ^u ! occasion ( "o ( my visits express$ an op9ion ^u ?is subject4 ,:i/l]'s 8,:ite ,girl10 8,girl at ! ,piano0 & _m o!r works are su* notable examples ( tru?ful repres5tation z to give weight to 8 op9ion4 ,! absolute c]ta9ty ) :i* ! sev]al p>ts ( ^! pictures exi/ 9 relation to ea* o!r _c be ov]/at$4 ,9 response to my inquiry reg>d+ ! mo/ important quality 9 ! art ( ! pa9t]1 ,:i/l] said3 8,art is ! sci5ce ( ! beautiful4 ,! p>ts ( nature be> a c]ta9 relation to ea* o!r1 & ?is relation is z true z a ma!matical fact4 ,p sometimes say my pictures are d>k4 ,t dep5ds ^u :e!r or n ! subject 0 d>k2 :e!r ! conditions made x d>k4 ,if a d>k or l[ ton$ phase ( nature is select$1 !n ! picture mu/ be absolutely true to ^? conditions40 8,!re x is1 ! subject4 ,c]ta9 relations exi/ betwe5 ! value notes1 & ^! relations mu/ be reproduc$ absolutely4 ,two & two make f\r--t is a simple tru? 9 ma!matics z x is 9 nature4 ,two & two make f\r--! tr\ble is t _m pa9t]s d n see t two & two make f\r4 ,!y d n see ?is f9e relation%ip :i* results 9 a simple tru?4 ,n see+1 !y try all k9ds ( numb]s40 ,turn+ f ! easel 9 front ( :i* we 7 /&+1 ,:i/l] lift$ a book f ! table ) a quick1 almo/ n]v\s action1 & z he op5$ x said ) a quizzical expression1 8,x is all 9 "h40 ,! book 0 ! 8,g5tle ,art ( ,mak+ ,enemies40 ,tun+ quickly to ! p>agraph he _h 9 m9d1 he read1 8,nature conta9s ! elem5ts1 9 col\r & =m1 ( all pictures1 z ! keybo>d conta9s ! notes ( all music4 ,b ! arti/ is born to pick1 & *oose1 & gr\p ) sci5ce1 ^! elem5ts1 t ! result may be beautiful40 ,he cont9u$ to read = a good "p ( an h\r4 ,:i/l] by ,:i/l] 0 an inimitable & r>e treat4 ,! slighte/ %ade ( mean+ 0 express$ ) great delicacy1 by inflection & ge/ure4 ,at ! end ( v _m ye>s ( /udy & obs]vation1 ,:i/l]'s s5sitive appreciation & p[] ( selection 7 extraord9>y4 ,! mo/ subtle & h>moni\s qualities 9 nature made an irresi/ible appeal to him4 ,he has describ$ ?is faculty z ! p[] to pick & *oose4 ,by ! v *oice ( _m ( 8 subjects he 0 enabl$ to elim9ate all insignificant details & !reby to r5d] ! h>monies ( nature z !y appe>$ to him4 ,he describ$ 8 me?od or m5tal attitude ) ref]5ce to nature :5 he said3 8,z ! light fades & ! %ad[s deep5 all petty & exact+ details vani%1 ev]y?+ trivial disappe>s1 & ,i see ?+s z !y are1 9 great /rong masses40 ,?is repres5ts ,:i/l] 9 ! pres5ce ( subdu$ & g5tle qualities 9 nature1 b x 0 ! same ,:i/l]1 )\t modification or *ange 9 8 attitude ) respect to nature1 :o r5d]$ ) su* />tl+ realism & absolute fidelity to tru? 9 8 m>vell\s et*+s ! %ipp+1 ! city1 & ! riv] ,?ames4 ,"u ! blaz+ light ( noonday ! ma/s & rigg+ ( ! %ips1 ! =ms & details ( ! hulls1 ev5 ! tile ^u ! ro(s ( ! city h\ses 7 di/9ctly se54 ,he record$ 8 impressions manife/ly )\t ! slighte/ deviation f ! simple tru? ( =m & value4 ,no "o :o has /udi$ ,:i/l]'s set ( ! ,?ames et*+s w = an in/ant dispute ?is /atem5t4 ,! quality ( simple tru? is s a/oni%+ly pres5t 9 e l9e & =m 9 ^! works t no argum5t is ne$$ t\*+ ?is po9t4 ,! ,:i/l] :o made ^! et*+s1 ! ,:i/l] :o pa9t$ ! 8,:ite ,girl0 & ! 8,girl at ! ,piano10 mu/ be reconcil$ ) ! ,:i/l] :o pa9t$ ! ev5+ symphonies repres5t+ ! riv]1 ! 8,portrait ( ,s>asate10 & o!r works ( subdu$ & g5tle qualities4 ,! simple tru? is t ,:i/l] 0 z fai?ful & sci5tific 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r1 & t ! result dep5d$ ^u 8 *oice ( subject1 & ! "t1 & effect obs]v$4 ,i am told t 9 8 lat] p]iod he s\ght aft] & discov]$ means ( secur+ ! m g5tle aspects ( nature2 t he ton$ & diffus$ ! light 9 8 /udio sci5tifically by ! use ( semi-transp>5t w9d[ curta9s4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is und\bt$ly true t he did rely ^u ! effect actually be=e him & t he s\ght to repres5t ! subdu$ effect 9 8 /udio or ! g5tle light ( ev5+ s beautifully describ$ by him 9 8 8,t5 ,o',clock40 ,x w\ld be difficult to imag9e a m beautiful p5 picture ?an ?is description by ,:i/l]4 ,x indicates 8 love = ! g5tle & h>moni\s qualities 9 nature4 8,:5 ! ev5+ mi/ clo!s ! riv]side ) poetry1 z ) a veil1 & ! poor build+s lose !mselves 9 ! dim sky1 & ! tall *imneys become campanili1 & ! w>eh\ses palaces 9 ! night1 & ! :ole city hangs 9 ! heav5s1 & fairyl& is be=e u--!n ! wayf>] ha/5s home2 ! work+man & ! cultur$ "o1 ! wise man & ! "o ( pleasure1 cease to und]/&1 z !y h ceas$ to see1 & ,nature1 :o1 = once1 has sung 9 tune1 s+s h] exquisite song to ! arti/ alone1 h] son & h] ma/]--h] son 9 t he loves h]1 h] ma/] 9 t he kn[s h]40 ,,sn3 ,abbott ,?ay] ,?is p[] to select & repres5t ! beautiful qualities 9 nature1 a p[] :i* is ! result ( repeat$ ef=ts1 has be5 def9$ by ,abbott ,h4 ,?ay] ) r>e skill & poetic beauty4 8,x is z ?\gh a man 7 %[n a cry/al1 a p]fect ?+1 gleam+ bel[ dep?s ( wat]--f> d[n beyond rea*4 ,he w\ld dive & dive aga91 driv5 by 8 great desire to secure x1 until f9ally1 all dripp+1 he br\ght x up4 ,b t 9 ! end he c\ld br+ x--a p]fect ?+--to u1 0 possible solely because he _h fir/ se5 x1 gleam+ !re4 ,o!rs might dive & dive1 might "w & labor ) endless pati5ce & endless pa91 b unless !y _h fir/ se5 ! cry/al--unless !y _h be5 giv5 ?is div9e gift ( see+--?is vision--!y w\ld come up empty-h&$4 ,! occasional s-call$ g5ius does n make ! cry/al1 b he alone sees x1 :]e x lies gleam+ bel[ dep?s ( wat]1 & by 8 ef=t br+s x to u4 ,! :ole "q is h[ absolutely1 h[ p]fectly1 ! arti/ sees ?is vision40 8,aft] ! arti/ has liv$1 = a c]ta9 p]iod1 9 wor%ip ( "s p>ticul> specim5 or type ( ! =m ( beauty de>e/ to him1 ?is cry/al-l vision =ms1 cle>] & cle>]1 at ! bottom ( 8 m9d1 :i* is1 s to speak1 8 sea ( consci\sness1 until at la/ ! vision is pla9ly visible to him1 & ! all-/ra9 & dang]-fac+ "t has come = putt+ x into ! =m 9 :i* z "o ( ! _w's treasures x is to live on40 ,:5 ask$ :e!r ! arti/ has ev] be5 grant$ a vision ( any beauty :i* is n bas$ ^u ! beauty ( nature1 ,?ay] exclaim$ emphatically1 8,no1 no1 no6 ,i don't see ! slighte/ mat]ial = any su* conception40 ,& :5 ! "q 0 fur!r put--grant$ t ! arti/ has ! gift ( see+ beauty 9 nature to :i* o!rs are bl9d1 is 8 picture ,art 9 proportion z he tru?fully records ! beauty ( ! nature t he sees8 ,mr4 ,?ay] answ]$1 8,yes4 ,ev]y?+ 9 art1 9 poetry1 music1 sculpture1 or pa9t+1 h[ev] fanta/ic x looks to p :o are n f> en\gh on t road1 is no?+ b tru?-tell+1 true report+ ( "o or ano!r ( ! great facts ( nature--( ! univ]se40 ,! ability to see1 z ,?ay] sugge/s1 is ! v f\ndation ( ! arti/'s p[]4 ,x is ?is p[] ( see+ :i* enables him to discov] tru? & beauty1 & x is ! skill ( ! tra9$ ma/] :i* enables him to reproduce ^! = ! delight & inspiration ( 8 fell[s4 ,t m5 are end[$ by inh]itance ) v>y+ degrees ( m5tal p[] is a self-evid5t fact4 ,no "o w dispute ?is2 x comes )9 our common exp]i5ce4 ,provid5ce has be5 lavi% 9 ! be/[al ( extraord9>y p[]s ^u ! few1 b x rema9s ev]la/+ly true t ev5 ) ^! success dep5ds ^u ef=t4 ,no?+ is m fully e/abli%$ ?an ?is truism4 ,! records ( successful m5 9 all p]iods & 9 e av5ue ( life be> te/imony to ?is fact4 ,to ! arti/1 see+ is ! all important ?+1 & to him !re is no my/]y ei!r 9 ! developm5t ( ?is p[] or 9 ! result obta9$4 ,to him x is simply a matt] ( logical evolution1 ! result ( ! day's "w well done4 ,he beg9s 8 c>e] z a /ud5t by labori\sly copy+ nature4 ,8 fir/ /udies are1 z a rule1 h>d & unsympa!tic4 ,i h n discov]$ an exception to ?is rule4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! art /ud5t does n ev5 see col\r 9 its fullness & beauty4 ,gradually he acquires great] p[] ( p]ception4 ,he discov]s beautiful & h>moni\s col\rs 9 nature :i* 7 unse5 at fir/4 ,he realizes ! exquisite grace ( l9e to be f\nd on e h& b unp]ceiv$ be=e--! movem5t1 *>m1 & beauty ( natural =ms4 ,new beauties are reveal$ f day to day2 new h>monies are se5 & felt4 ,pres5tly ! inh>moni\s becomes di/a/eful2 ! ugly1 intol]able2 ! (f5sive1 a di/ress4 ,he comes into ! pres5ce ( nature ) a new vision4 ,h] beauties are reveal$ to him4 ,he feels a ?rill 9 ! love he be>s = ! exceptional & pr(\nd beauty ( an ev5+ sky or a grey day4 ,he nev] talks ab\t inspiration or s\l1 al?\gh he has se>*$ out ! v s\l ( ! l&scape4 ,he simply seeks ) e p[] at 8 comm&1 z ,con/able1 borr[+ ! ?\ght f ,wordswor?1 express$ x1 8to give #8to "o brief mom5t caught f fleet+ "t' a la/+ & sob] exi/5ce1 & to r5d] p]man5t _m ( ^? spl5did b evanesc5t ,exhibitions :i* are ev] occurr+ 9 ! endless v>ieties ( ,nature40 ,! sculptor1 ,i ?9k1 9 "s su* mann] lies 9 wait = ! grace & *>m ( movem5t1 ! supreme expression ( "* & ( h>mony1 z an animal lies 9 wait = its prey4 ,:5 "o or all ( ^! qualities are se5 he seizes 8 *isel & /rives to fix :at he has discov]$ 9 p]man5t =m4 ,! arti/1 look+ back ov] tw5ty or ?irty ye>s ( cont9u\s & e>ne/ /udy1 ( repeat$ & labori\s ef=t1 & ( failures & successes1 realizes t ! p[] ( p]ception & selection :i* he n[ possesses is ! result ( ^! ye>s ( obs]vation & labor4 ,he also realizes t he has nev] q atta9$ to ! full height ( 8 ambition to repres5t tru?fully ! supreme qualities ( beauty :i* he has le>n$ to discov] 9 nature4 ,9 ! selection ( subjects = 8 works & 9 ! production ( arrangem5ts or comb9ations repres5t+ ei!r grace1 beauty ( col\r & =m1 or ess5tial "*1 ! pa9t] or sculptor is aid$ by two v p[]ful influ5ces4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is 8 inh]it$ or acquir$ ta/e4 ,/ep by /ep1 precept ^u precept1 fir/ z a /ud5t 9 ! art s*ool1 !n z an arti/1 ?is faculty kn[n z ta/e is cultivat$1 increas$1 until ) r>e discrim9ation & judgm5t he selects1 8picks & *ooses10 z ,:i/l] said1 ! ?+s ( beauty & h>mony1 be+ guid$ all ! :ile by ! unwritt5 law ( h>mony ( :i* we are all consci\s4 ,to arrive at ?is consummation ( ! arti/'s highe/ endeavors is n an easy task4 ,8 c\rse may be1 & (t5 is1 a v delightful & agreeable "o1 b x is "o ( inf9ite ef=t & labor4 ,be=e ! pa9t] acquires ?is k or p[] :i* enables him to discrim9ate ) judgm5t & ta/e1 select+ ^? =ms & col\rs expressive ( h>mony1 grace & beauty1 he mu/ h s]v$ an appr5tice%ip ( _m long ye>s4 ,! sculptor :o w\ld aspire to ! exquisite & discrim9at+ ta/e ( a ,rod91 :o obs]ves ) pati5ce & :o seizes ) m>vell\s skill ^u ! v ess5ce ( grace z x is express$ by ! human figure1 mu/ travel ! same t$i\s road4 ,if ! sculptor w\ld read & "k "* z does a ,sa9t-,gaud5s1 he mu/ travel _m a we>y mile ov] ! pa? :i* leads to p]fection 9 art4 ,! second p[]ful influ5ce help+ ! arti/ to acquire k is1 z ,con/able sugge/$1 art itself4 ,! /ud5t :ile pursu+ ! plodd+ c\rse ( tra9+ 9 ! art s*ool & lat] 9 a wid] field z an arti/1 is n only se>*+ out 9 nature ! qualities ( grace & h>mony1 b 8 eyes are con/antly turn$ 9 ! direction ( ! accumulat$ records ( art4 ,he /udies ) assidu\s c>e & ?\ght 9 ! great works ( all times1 ! qualities1 ! h>monies1 ! "* wre/$ f nature by ! able pa9t]s & sculptors ( ! pa/4 ,myriads h tri$ & fail$ to "k & ma/] nature dur+ ! pa/ few hundr$ ye>s1 & only ! few :o h succe$$ h left ! record ( _! success4 ,all ! weak productions h gone into oblivion4 ,to ^! really great works ! pa9t] & sculptor turn aga9 & aga91 pati5tly1 p]si/5tly1 unfalt]+ly1 sometimes ?r\gh h\rs ( sil5t /udy at o!r times by e>ne/ ef=t to copy1 b always ) a s+le purpose 9 m9d--to "k & ma/] ! secrets ( ! ma/]s4 ,little by little1 always ref]r+ ! ma/] to nature = confirmation or pro(1 ! arti/ /ruggles upw>d to a m consummate und]/&+ ( ! works ( nature1 b he nev] =sakes or belittles ?is supreme s\rce ( all 8 p[] & k4 ,,sn3 ,w9sl[ ,hom] ,i recall ask+ ,w9sl[ ,hom] if he did n ?9k ! beauty exi/+ 9 nature mu/ be discov]$ & reproduc$ by ! pa9t]4 ,quick z a fla% he answ]$3 8,yes1 b ! r>e ?+ is to f9d a pa9t] :o kn[s a good ?+ :5 he sees x40 ,on ano!r occasion we 7 pick+ our way along ! ,ma9e coa/1 ov] ! %elv+ rocks he pa9t$ s (t5 & ) su* insight & p[]1 :5 ,i sudd5ly said3 8,hom]1 d y ev] take ! lib]ty1 9 pa9t+ nature1 ( modify+ ! col\r ( any "p80 ,i recall 8 mann] & expression p]fectly4 ,he /opp$ quickly & exclaim$3 8,nev]6 ,nev]6 ,:5 ,i h select$ ! ?+ c>efully ,i pa9t x exactly z x appe>s40 ,dur+ our talk he emphasiz$1 h[ev]1 ! importance ( selection4 8,y mu/ n pa9t any?+ y see--y mu/ wait & wait pati5tly = a p>ticul> effect1 & !n :5 x comes1 if y h s5se en\gh to "k x :5 y d see x--well1 t's all !re is to t40 ,at ano!r "t1 ref]r+ contemptu\sly to ! calm ocean "u a vacant sky1 he said3 8,i take no int]e/ 9 t40 ,!re came1 h[ev]1 "o morn+ :ile ,i 0 at ,pr\t's ,neck a mi/y & ?reat5+ sky4 ,grey cl\ds bewit*+ 9 _! silv]y tones w5t hurry+ across ! tr\bl$ sea4 ,by noon x 0 bl[+ a gale & ! waves 7 la%+ ! coa/1 s5d+ spray high into ! air4 ,once & aga9 great cl\ds ( mi/ drove across ! des]t$ rocks1 & ! music ( old ocean rose to an om9\s & res\nd+ tone4 ,pres5tly ,hom] hurri$ into my room1 clad f head to foot 9 rubb]1 & c>ry+ 9 8 arms a /orm coat & a pair ( sailor's boots4 8,come10 he said1 8quickly6 ,x is p]fectly gr&40 ,= an h\r we clamb]$ ov] rocks1 hold+ fa/ to ! wiry %rubs :i* grew f e crevice1 :ile ! spray da%$ f> ov]head4 ,?is placid1 res]v$1 self-conta9$ little man 0 9 a fev] ( excitem5t1 & 8 delight 9 ! beautiful & almo/ ov]p[]+ expression ( ! ocean z x foam$ & riot$ 0 inspir+4 ,to him ?is 0 ! supreme expression ( beauty & p[]4 ,! mom5t he _h pati5tly wait$ = _h come4 ,hom]'s love = & appreciation ( ^? rugg$1 elem5tal qualities 9 nature result$ 9 ! production ( =ceful works ( great beauty4 ,9 ! selection ( subjects he express$ 8 individual ta/e4 ,,sn3 ,h5ry ,w4 ,rang] ,i recall an op9ion express$ by ! late ,h5ry ,w4 ,rang] to ! effect t ,tol/oi's def9ition ( art _h nev] be5 excell$4 ,he ref]r$ to ,tol/oi's def9ition ( art z ! p[] to pass on a s5sation4 ,rang] ma9ta9$ ! op9ion t art is ! expression ( ! individual's feel+1 t ! arti/ uses ! facts ( nature to express 8 own s5sation & t no great l&scape 0 ev] pa9t$ directly f nature4 8,! te*nical difficulties10 he said1 8& ! rapidly *ang+ effects made x h>d to pa9t out ( doors4 ,he c\ld d bett] by dep5d+ ^u 8 memory40 ,x 0 8 op9ion t ! deep] qualities 7 secur$ 9 ! /udio2 t nature only furni%es ! hooks ^u :i* ! pa9t] hangs 8 "w2 t he 9 reality expresses 8 own feel+1 ! poetry or s5tim5t :i* is 9 himself4 ,rang] "h describes a vague or n cle>ly def9$ quality :i* is ref]r$ to z p]sonal temp]am5t4 ,8 op9ion is 9 direct contradiction to ! almo/ univ]sal te/imony ( pa9t]s & sculptors1 & ,rang] himself 9 8 practice fail$ to ma9ta9 x4 ,al?\gh he did n complete 8 works 9 ! pres5ce ( nature1 he made _m sket*es f nature & copi$ 8 l>g] canvases f ^!4 ,i ?9k ,rang] at ! end ( a long c>e] _h ! p[] ( discov]+ beautiful qualities 9 nature & ( see+ !m pr(\ndly4 ,i knew him well1 & _m times we discuss$ art & arti/s4 ,i f\nd 8 k broad & intimate4 ,8 view t a pa9t] simply passes on a s5sation 0 repeat$ to me _m times4 ,i ?9k "o may frankly agree ) ?is op9ion1 b ,i d n ?9k a pa9t] orig9ates or creates a s5sation4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( nature he simply receives x & !n transmits x1 ! result be+ dep5d5t ^u 8 natural or acquir$ p[] ( p]ception1 8 memory1 & 8 te*nical ability4 ,rang]'s pa9t+s are *>act]iz$ by an und]/&+ ( nature1 & ?is 0 ! result ( a lifetime ( ! mo/ e>ne/1 pati5t1 & p]si/5t /udy4 ,probably no mod]n arti/ 0 m indu/ri\s1 = 8 /udio 0 fill$ ) /udies 9 col\r & _m ?\s&s ( p5cil draw+s4 ,inde$1 s famili> 0 he ) ! col\rs & *>act]i/ic =ms ( nature t he frequ5tly reproduc$ ^! ) mu* delicacy1 rely+ solely ^u 8 memory & a few accurate p5cil notes4 ,9 discuss+ 8 me?od1 ,i recall 8 rem>k t he pa9t$ 9 ! /udio because he c\ld get clos] to nature t way ?an by pa9t+ out ( doors4 ,pa9t]s univ]sally und]/& ! difficulties ( pa9t+ 9 ! op5 because ( conflict+ lights4 ,!y also realize ! m c]ta9 judgm5t ( ! exp]i5c$ eye :5 pa9t+ 9 a quiet or m subdu$ light2 b to d ?is requires great k & a ret5tive memory4 ,z illu/rat+ ,rang]'s me?od ( /udy & 8 reliance ^u memory1 ,i recall an occasion :5 he /udi$ long & pati5tly ! union or comb9ation ( two col\r notes1 ! sky & wat]--= we 7 sail+ at ! "t4 ,he rem>k$ ^u ! beautiful h>mony express$ by ^! col\rs4 ,he /udi$ !m int5tly1 evid5tly ) ! ?\ght ( reproduc+ !m lat]4 ,i also rememb] a pa9t+ expressive ( ! *>m & beauty ( a moon-light night4 ,x 0 pa9t$ at 8 ,noank home4 ,i believe ?is picture 0 pa9t$ almo/ :olly 9 8 /udio4 ,i ?9k x 0 ! result ( an inf9ite numb] ( impressions receiv$ z he /udi$1 ev5+ aft] ev5+1 ! ocean & ! sky4 ,by ?is ,i mean t :ile ,rang] 9 ?is pa9t+ 0 pass+ on a s5sation1 he 0 only pass+ on ! tru? & beauty ( nature z realiz$ by him night aft] night1 & record$ 9 8 memory4 ,! po9t "h rais$ is "o ( vital importance ) ref]5ce to ! subject "u consid]ation4 ,x is t ! pa9t] does n express any?+ he has n receiv$4 ,he pursues "o ( two me?ods3 he ei!r secures beautiful qualities 9 ! pres5ce ( nature or he reproduces qualities /or$ 9 8 memory4 ,,sn3 ,john ,la ,f>ge ,john ,la ,f>ge ref]r$ to ^! two me?ods1 ! "o by :i* ! pa9t] works directly f nature & ! o!r by :i* he dep5ds ^u 8 memory1 & 8 op9ion be>s directly ^u ! po9t rais$4 ,la ,f>ge wrote3 8,he ! pa9t] w !n g aga9 to nature1 p]haps work+ directly f x1 p]haps only to 8 memory ( sight1 = rememb]1 t 9 :at we call work+ f nature--we pa9t]s--we m]ely use a %ort] /ra9 ( memory ?an :5 we c>ry back to our /udios ! vision t we wi% to note4 ,& m ?an t1 ! v way 9 :i* we draw our l9es1 & mix our pigm5ts1 9 ! hurry ( in/ant record1 9 ! c]ta9ty ( successful h&l+1 implies t our m9d is fill$ ) innum]able memories ( cont9u\s trials40 ,z ,la ,f>ge po9ts out1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 pa9t+ 9 ! pres5ce ( nature & pa9t+ f memory is only a diff]5t span ( memory4 ,"o pa9t] pursues "o way1 ano!r a diff]5t me?od4 ,! end s\ght is ! same4 ,,sn3 ,segant9i ,giovanni ,segant9i's me?od 0 to g to nature f9ally4 ,he began 8 pa9t+s 9 ! /udio1 work+ f /udies1 & f9i%$ !m 9 ! pres5ce ( nature4 ,i recall a delightful visit ) ?is able ,italian pa9t] at 8 home at ,maloja1 & also 8 int]e/+ description ( 8 me?od4 ,8 art 0 little kn[n at t "t1 "s tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,8 works are n[ well kn[n to art lov]s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,i _h b rec5tly se5 8 8,pl\gh+ 9 ! ,engad9e0 at an exhibition 9 ! ,bav>ian capital4 ,x impress$ me z possess+ a v vital quality4 ,! te*nical mann] seem$ at t "t /range & unusual4 ,l wor/$1 ! col\rs /ret*$ across ! sky4 ,! e>? clods 7 small /r&s ( col\r1 reveal+1 on close exam9ation1 a r>ely prodigal palette4 ,?is phase ( ,segant9i's art int]e/$ me on ! purely te*nical side4 ,! effect ( ! picture 0 />tl+4 ,x 0 l a brea? ( fre% & fragrant air f ! m\nta9s ( ,switz]l&4 ,x 0 foll[+ ?is impression receiv$ f 8 pa9t+ t ,i visit$ ! pa9t] at ,maloja4 ,leav+ ,*iav5na e>ly "o morn+1 ! coa* sl[ly climb$ ! m\nta9side &1 pres5tly1 cross$ ! apex ( ! range4 ,!re lay at our feet ! beautiful valley ( ! ,engad9e4 ,i c>ri$ away f ,maloja _m delightful impressions1 b ! two dom9at+ all o!rs 7 ^!3 ! e>ne/ness ( ! pa9t]1 & 8 unwav]+ dep5d5ce ^u nature4 ,he %[$ me l>ge draw+s or c>toons ( "s ( 8 well kn[n subjects repres5t+ ! arrangem5t ( ! compositions & ! balanc+ ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( 8 pictures4 ,! draw+s 7 made 9 crayon & sugge/$ 9 l9e ! te*nical treatm5t ( 8 pa9t+s4 ,f ^! sket*es he transf]r$ ! draw+s to canvas4 ,9 ?is way he sav$ "t & labor4 ,:5 a draw+ 0 ?us transf]r$ to a canvas he c>ri$ ! canvas to ! sc5e ( 8 subject1 :]e he pa9t$ inv>iably directly f nature4 ,:5 ,i ask$ if he ev] complet$ a picture 9 ! /udio1 he said3 8,absolutely no6 ,i always f9i% my pictures 9 ! pres5ce ( nature40 ,segant9i spoke 8 la/ ^w1 if ,i may adopt ?is =m ( expression1 9 ! v pres5ce ( & "u ! influ5ce ( nature4 ,?is to him 0 ! supreme mom5t 9 ! execution ( 8 "w4 ,,sn3 ,anton ,mauve ,ano!r illu/ration ( ! me?od ( a great pa9t] 9 rely+ ^u 8 memory = ! tru?s & facts ( nature is f\nd 9 ,anton ,mauve4 ,mauve's p[] is unque/ion$4 ,he 0 "o ( ! great mod]n ,dut* pa9t]s4 ,8 pictures are always direct & =ceful4 ,8 k ( nature 0 pr(\nd4 ,?is k 0 ! result ( ef=t & /udy4 ,among 8 e>ly draw+s are f\nd /udies f nature :i*1 9 _s1 are :olly unlike 8 lat] productions4 ,!y reveal ,mauve z a /ud5t ( nature :o 0 untir+ 9 8 ef=t to draw m9ute details ) unfl9*+ accuracy4 ,i recall p5cil /udies ( %eep1 horses1 c[s1 & plants :i* h r>ely ev] be5 excell$ 9 ! del9eation ( detail1 n ev5 by a ma/] draughtsman l ,b>que4 ,mauve's k ( nature acquir$ by ?is me?od 0 intimate & deep4 ,8 lat] mann] 0 bas$ ^u a solid f\ndation4 ,x 0 by ?is k he 0 enabl$ to depict ! m *>act]i/ic =ms ) a few ha/ily drawn l9es4 ,he knew well h[ important are broad1 ess5tial masses 9 art & he r5d]$ ^!1 elim9at+ non-ess5tials & trivial details4 ,8 s5se ( design or appropriate balance ( p>ts 0 ke5 & sure2 ne>ly all 8 pictures possess ! di/+ui%+ quality ( simplicity4 ,l ,rang]1 he pref]r$ to pa9t 8 pictures 9 ! /udio1 b 8 reliance 01 9 ! highe/ s5se1 ^u nature4 ,i recall a visit to ,mauve's c\ntry1 a c\ntry ( s& dunes & pa/ures4 ,^! he lov$ & pa9t$4 ,"o ( ,mauve's /ud5ts1 an able et*]1 0 probably m famili> ) ! arti/'s me?od ?an any o!r p]son4 8,8 ,mauve's be/ pictures1 be=e ,l>510 he wrote me1 87 all made 9 8 /udio f memory1 aid$ ) sket*es 9 *alk4 ,!n he w5t e day1 if possible1 to ! spot he _h sket*$1 to /udy ! effect1 ! #8mom5t1' & he tri$ to fix t impression on 8 canvas :5 back home40 ,,sn3 ,rod9 ,let u turn f ! art ( ! pa9t] to ! art ( ! sculptor4 ,probably no mod]n sculptor has tak5 a high] place 9 ! e/imation ( 8 fell[ arti/s ?an has ,rod94 ,z expressions ( 8 art1 8 8,?9k]0 /&s at "o extreme end ( ! scale & su* graceful & beautiful =ms z 8,et]nal ,spr+0 at ! o!r4 ,x is int]e/+1 !re=e1 to "k t ,rod9 has ackn[l$g$ 8 absolute dep5d5ce ^u nature = ! widely div]g5t expressions ( "* r5d]$ by him4 ,he is quot$ z say+3 8,seek] aft] tru? & /ud5t ( life z ,i am1 444 ,i obey ,nature 9 ev]y?+1 & ,i nev] pret5d to comm& h]4 ,my only ambition is to be s]vilely fai?ful to h]40 8,i h n *ang$ x nature4 ,or1 r1 if ,i h done x1 x 0 )\t suspect+ x at ! "t4 ,! feel+ :i* influ5c$ my vision %[$ me nature z ,i h copi$ h]40 8,if ,i _h wi%$ to modify :at ,i saw & to make x m beautiful ,i %\ld h produc$ no?+ good40 8,! only pr9ciple 9 ,art is to copy :at y see4 ,deal]s 9 ae/hetics to ! contr>y1 e o!r me?od is fatal4 ,!re is no recipe = improv+ ,nature40 8,! only ?+ is to see40 8,! ideal6 ,! dream6 ,:y1 ! realities ( ,nature surpass our mo/ ambiti\s dreams40 ,op9ions ( ,philosoph]s & ,writ]s ,! op9ions "h ref]r$ to are ^? ( ma/]s :o h produc$ works ( art4 ,!y seem to be support$ by ! op9ions ( able writ]s & philosoph]s :o h dealt ) ?is subject4 ,if ! op9ions ( ^! writ]s are less au?oritative1 !y are nev]!less important z repres5t+ ! ?\ght ( pr(\nd s*ol>s4 ,!y cov] practically ! entire p]iod ( writ+ ^u art4 ,:ile div]sifi$ 9 ! mann] ( approa*1 !y w be f\nd to unite 9 a common !ory4 ,^! writ]s naturally deal ) m5tal processes2 ) ! attributes ( ! m9d2 ) ! philosophy ( ! subject4 ,,sn3 ,s*op5hau] ,s*op5hau] def9es g5ius z pre-em95t capacity = contemplation :i* ends 9 ! object4 8,n[10 he says1 8z ?is requires t a man %\ld entirely =get himself & ! relations 9 :i* he /&s1 g5ius is simply complete objectivity1 i4e41 ! objective t5d5cy ( ! m9d1 z oppos$ to ! subjective1 :i* is direct$ to "o's own self--9 o!r words1 to ! w4 ,?us g5ius is ! faculty ( cont9u+ 9 ! /ate ( pure p]ception1 ( los+ "o's self 9 p]ception1 & ( enli/+ 9 ?is s]vice ! k :i* orig9ally exi/$ only = ! s]vice ( ! w2 t is to say1 g5ius is ! p[] ( leav+ "o's own int]e/s1 wi%es1 & aims entirely out ( sight1 & ?us ( entirely r5\nc+ "o's own p]sonality = a "t1 s z to rema9 pure kn[+ subject1 cle> vision ( ! _w--& ?is n m]ely at mom5ts1 b = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t & ) suffici5t consci\sness to enable "o to reproduce by delib]ate art :at has ?us be5 appreh5d$1 & #8to fix 9 la/+ ?\ghts ! wav]+ images t float be=e ! m9d4'0 ,s*op5hau]'s def9ition ( g5ius is probably m accurate & m logical ?an t ( any o!r writ]4 ,9 8 op9ion1 g5ius is ! p[] ( pre-em95t p]ception4 ,! arti/ only exce$s 8 fell[s 9 t 8 p]ception is ke5]2 t he is able to see & und]/& m p]fectly ?an o!rs4 ,:5 an able pa9t] approa*es nature 9 ?is _s1 =gett+ all else1 z ,s*op5hau] sugge/s1 ! result is usually a ma/]piece4 ,to su* a pa9t] is attribut$ ! quality kn[n z g5ius4 ,,sn3 ,ta9e ,ta9e def9es art z ! p[] ( p]ceiv+ ! ess5tial "* ( an object4 ,ta9e says3 8,! "* ( an object /rikes him ! arti/ & ! effect ( ?is s5sation is a /rong1 peculi> impression4444 ,b art itself1 :i* is ! faculty ( p]ceiv+ & express+ ! lead+ "* ( objects1 is z endur+ z ! civilization ( :i* x is ! be/ & e>lie/ fruit4444 ,to give full prom95ce to a lead+ "* is ! object ( a "w ( art4 ,x is ow+ to ?is t ! clos] a "w ( art approa*es ?is po9t ! m p]fect x becomes2 9 o!r words1 ! m exactly & completely ^! conditions are compli$ )1 ! m elevat$ x becomes on ! scale4 ,two ( ^! conditions are necess>y2 x is necess>y t ! "* %\ld be ! mo/ notable possible & ! mo/ dom9ant possible4444 ,! ma/]piece is t 9 :i* ! greate/ =ce receives ! greate/ developm5t4 ,9 ! language ( ! pa9t]1 ! sup]ior "w is t 9 :i* ! "* possess+ ! greate/ possible value 9 nature receives f art all ! increase 9 value t is possible4444 ,x is ess5tial1 !n1 to closely imitate some?+ 9 an object2 b n ev]y?+40 ,aft] def9+ ! ess5tial quality by two illu/rations--! illu/ration ( ! lion & ! illu/ration ( ! dom9ant *>act]i/ics ( a flat c\ntry l ,holl&1 ,ta9e cont9ues3 8,?r\gh its innum]able effects1 y judge ( ! importance ( ?is ess5tial "*4 ,x is ?is :i* art mu/ br+ =w>d into prop] light1 & if ?is task devolves ^u art x is because nature fails to accompli% x4 ,9 nature ?is ess5tial "* is simply dom9ant2 x is ! aim ( art to r5d] x pr$om9ant4444 ,man is s5sible ( ?is defici5cy1 & to remove x he has inv5t$ art40 ,,sn3 ,fr\de ,fr\de t\*es ^u ?is po9t 9 8 ref]5ce to ! art ( ! writ]4 ,he said he w\ld turn to ,%akespe>e = ! be/ hi/ory ( ,engl& because ( 8 7,%akespe>e's7 absolute tru? to "* & ev5t4 8,we wond]10 ,fr\de wrote1 8at ! gr&eur1 ! moral maje/y1 ( "s ( ,%akespe>e's *>act]s1 s f> beyond :at ! noble/ among ourselves c imitate1 & at fir/ ?\ght we attribute x to ! g5ius ( ! poet1 :o has out/ripp$ ,nature 9 8 creations4 ,b we are misund]/&+ ! p[] & ! mean+ ( poetry 9 attribut+ creativ5ess to x 9 any su* s5se4 ,%akespe>e creat$1 b only z ! _s ( ,nature creat$ ar\nd him1 work+ 9 him z x work$ abroad 9 ^? among :om he liv$4 ,! m5 :om he draws 7 su* m5 z he saw & knew2 ! words !y utt] 7 su* z he he>d 9 ! ord9>y conv]sations 9 :i* he jo9$4 ,at ! ,m]maid ) ,raleigh & ) ,sidney1 & at a ?\s& unnam$ ,engli% firesides1 he f\nd ! liv+ orig9als = 8 ,pr9ce ,hals1 8 ,orl&os1 8 ,antonios1 8 ,portias1 8 ,isabellas4 ,! clos] p]sonal acqua9tance :i* we c =m ) ! ,engli% ( ! age ( ,elizabe?1 ! m we are satisfi$ t ,%akespe>e's great poetry is no m ?an ! rhy?mic e*o ( ! life :i* x depicts40 ,,sn3 ,baumg>t5 ,baumg>t5 conclud$1 f ,leibnitz' !ory ( a pre-e/abli%$ h>mony & its consequ5ce1 t ! _w is ! be/ possible1 t nature is ! highe/ embodim5t ( beauty1 & t art mu/ seek z its highe/ function ! /ricte/ possible imitation ( nature4 ,,sn3 ,leibnitz ,bosanquet says3 8,! greate/ degree ( p]fection 0 to be f\nd1 accord+ to ,leibnitz1 9 ! exi/+ univ]se1 e o!r possible sy/em be+ z a :ole less p]fect40 ,,sn3 ,kant ,kant deals ) a phase ( ?is subject :i* is ( great int]e/4 ,9 _m /rong works ( art !re rema9 incomplete & (t5 unsatisfactory details4 ,^! are p]mitt$ to rema9 because ! arti/ kn[s t to remove !m w\ld weak5 or affect ! /r5g? ( ! :ole4 ,^!1 ,kant says1 are 8only ( necessity suff]$ to rema91 because !y c\ld h>dly be remov$ )\t loss ( =ce to ! idea4 ,?is c\rage has m]it only 9 ! case ( a g5ius4 ,a c]ta9 boldness ( expression1 &1 9 g5]al1 _m a deviation f ! common rule becomes him well2 b 9 no s5se is x a ?+ wor?y ( imitation4 ,on ! contr>y x rema9s all ?r\gh intr9sically a blemi% :i* "o is b\nd to try to remove1 b = :i* ! g5ius is1 z x 71 all[$ to plead a privilege1 on ! gr\nd t a scrupul\s c>efulness w\ld spoil :at is inimitable 9 ! impetu\s ardor ( 8 s\l40 ,! g5ius "h ref]r$ to by ,kant is well und]/ood & 8 p[] is fully recogniz$1 b he is n sep>at$ f 8 fell[ craftsm5 except 9 ! degree ( 8 k & ability4 ,he is a man ( sup]ior ability & p[] :o1 driv+ /raight to ! object ( 8 labor1 repres5ts "* 9 a direct & =ceful way4 ,to ?is end he br+s to 8 assi/ance 8 sup]ior te*nical skill1 b (t5 9 ! v impetuosity ( 8 ardor1 z ,kant sugge/s1 he leaves unf9i%$ p>ts because he well und]/&s t to labor ov] ^! p>ts w\ld be to r$uce ! =ce or p[] ( ! :ole4 ,?is impetu\s mann] :i* /rives to r5d] ! "* ( ! object or p]son1 or ( ! sc5e1 or ( ! ephem]al effects ( nature1 quickly & directly1 is well und]/ood by ! pa9t]4 ,i recall a l>ge sket* ( ,daubigny's own$ by ,mesdag1 probably pur*as$ f ! pa9t]4 ,?is sket* repres5ts a gre5 hillside ) a canal & horses 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,= absolute p[] & tru? ( beautiful quality & col\r x 0 probably nev] surpass$ by ,daubigny1 b x is :at ! public w\ld call an unf9i%$ picture4 ,9 tru?1 =ce1 & beauty1 x might fairly be consid]$ 8inspir$0 z comp>$ ) ,daubigny's f9i%$ or c>efully pa9t$ pictures s widely kn[n4 ,9 ?is pa9t+ !re are _m unsatisfactory p>ts1 su* z are ref]r$ to by ,kant z 8de=mities10 b ,daubigny well und]/ood t to remove !m or to "w ov] ?is sket*1 :i* 0 d\btless made rapidly 9 ! pres5ce ( nature & "u ! influ5ce ( ! p>ticul> mood express$ by nature1 w\ld h weak5$ its p[]4 ,i recall ano!r pa9t+ t w illu/rate ?is po9t--a /udy by ,anton ,mauve4 ,?is /udy 0 f\nd among ,mauve's possessions aft] 8 dea?1 & 0 probably nev] (f]$ = sale dur+ 8 lifetime because1 9 m9or p>ts1 x is incomplete4 ,r\gh l9es ( ! orig9al draw+ 7 p]mitt$ to rema94 ,^! are ! k9d ( blemi%es to :i* ,kant ref]s1 b !y d n detract f ! supreme beauty & p[] ( ! /udy4 ,inde$1 ?is picture is consid]$ by _m pa9t]s to be "o ( ,mauve's ma/]pieces1 s true & j is x 9 ! repres5tation ( a mom5t>y effect 9 nature4 ,mauve d\btless recogniz$ ! importance ( ! /udy & refus$ to make corrections ( m9or defects4 ,i h be5 told t he repli$ to ,weiss5br\ck1 a fell[ pa9t] :o urg$ him to f9i% ?is "w3 8,i w leave x z ,god made x 9 nature4 ,x is f9i%$40 ,mauve _h secur$ ! broad1 ess5tial tru? ( nature & ) ?is he 0 cont5t4 ,,sn3 ,maet]l9ck ,maurice ,maet]l9ck t]sely express$ ! same ?\ght :5 he said3 8,i myself h n[ = a long "t ceas$ to look = any?+ m beautiful 9 ?is _w1 or m int]e/+1 ?an ! tru?44440 ,! read] w n h fail$ to obs]ve ! significant note ( agreem5t runn+ ?r\gh ^! op9ions t\*+ ! importance ( selection1 ! p[] to p]ceive & select f among ! multitude ( =ms ^? :i* are exceptional or dom9ant4 8,pure p]ception02 8! faculty ( p]ceiv+ & express+ ! lead+ "* ( objects02 8,9 nature ?is ess5tial "* is simply dom9ant2 x is ! aim ( art to r5d] x pr$om9ant 44402 ^! expressions ( philosoph]s are 9 p]fect accord ) ! expressions ( pa9t]s1 z = in/ance1 8,! only ?+ is to see02 or 8our only *ance lies 9 selection & comb9ation40 ,symmetry ,if :at has be5 writt5 is true1 if art is b ! revelation ( grace & beauty inh]5t 9 nature1 ! mak+ pla9 t :i* is reveal$ to ! arti/ & obscure to ! less obs]vant1 or to ^? ) less p[]1 x /ill rema9s to acc\nt = ! univ]sal di/9ction 9 =m :i* *>act]izes all great works ( art4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made to ! common factor ( tru?1 b !re is a second factor or quality possess$ by works ( art1 t ( symmetry4 ,?is attribute lifts a "w above ! commonplace &1 comb9$ ) tru?1 places x among ! ma/]pieces ( art4 ,!re are c]ta9 fundam5tal laws ( symmetry exi/+ 9 nature & ^!1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 gov]n ! ma/]s ( art 9 ! production ( _! works4 ,^! undef9$ laws h be5 recogniz$ f ! e>lie/ "t1 & ! arti/ :o is gov]n$ by !m 9 ! selection ( 8 subjects & controll$ by !m 9 ! execution ( 8 "w makes a univ]sal appeal to :i* ! ae/hetic s5se 9 man responds4 ,^! laws are n ( man's creation4 ,!y belong to nature4 ,!y exi/ 9 =m & col\r4 ,!y also exi/ 9 s\nd4 ,:e!r or n ! ,greeks _h r$uc$ ^! laws to def9ite pr9ciples or rules1 & 7 gov]n$ by !m 9 ! con/ruction ( _! temples & 9 ! creation ( _! ma/]ly works 9 sculpture1 is a d\btful "q2 b c]ta9 x is t ,hambidge has %[n q conclusively t c]ta9 fundam5tal proportions exi/+ 9 natural =ms are repeat$ 9 ! ,p>!non & 9 o!r great ar*itectural /ructures belong+ to ! ,grecian p]iod4 ,?is does n mean t e great "w ( art mu/ ( necessity be bas$ ^u cle>ly def9$1 rigid rules ( proportion1 on :at is call$ ,dynamic ,symmetry1 b r t works made to con=m to ^! rules d possess a degree ( di/9ction & t ! result is an ord]l9ess ( arrangem5t or an agreeable disposition ( spaces ) relation to ea* o!r :i* produces an ae/hetic effect ^u ! human m9d4 ,!re=e1 :ile tru? is ess5tial1 x is conc$$ t symmetry mu/ be add$ to secure di/9ction4 ,commonplace expressions ( nature1 :ile satisfy+ ! ignorant1 h nev] be5 accept$ z art by ^? :o h giv5 ?is subject s]i\s ?\ght4 ,! quality ( design1 ( patt]n1 ( appropriate & h>moni\s arrangem5t1 mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 any discussion t\*+ ! philosophy ( art4 ,! univ]sal appreciation & enjoym5t ( design z reveal$ 9 rugs1 9 tape/ries1 & 9 a hundr$ o!r art =ms1 may only be acc\nt$ = ^u ! !ory ( ! exi/5ce ( a univ]sal law ( nature gov]n+ ! judgm5t ( man ) ref]5ce to ^! ?+s4 ,?is law is f\nd 9 nature j z c]ta9ly z is f\nd ! law ( gravitation4 ,! art ( design :5 n lit]ally transcrib$ f ! beautiful =ms pres5t$ by nature h]self is f\nd to re/ ^u "s adaptation ( ?is univ]sal law ( symmetry & h>mony4 ,) symmetrical =ms 9 nature we become famili> ev5 9 our *ildhood4 ,take = in/ance ! symmetrical =ms ( leaves4 ,! grace & symmetry ( ! leaf ( ! elm tree is well kn[n1 z is also ! "* ( ! oak leaf & its almo/ inv>iable symmetrical =m4 ,:5 a =m t is n symmetrical appe>s1 su*1 = in/ance1 z t ( ! leaf ( ! sassafras tree--"o ( ! ?ree leaf =ms borne by ?is tree be+ %ap$ l a mitt5--we in/antly recognize ?is exception to ! almo/ univ]sal rule & reject x z unsymmetrical & inh>moni\s4 ,illu/rations ( symmetry might be multipli$1 because !y are f\nd 9 fl[] & animal =ms ev]y:]e4 ,) h>mony & col\r we are made famili> by ! pass+ seasons4 ,spr+1 summ]1 autumn1 & w9t] are successive expressions ( h>mony4 ,h[ f> ?is univ]sal law ( symmetry ext5ds ?r\gh\t nature & :at influ5ce x has ^u ! human m9d 9 its appreciation ( ! beautiful 9 nature x w\ld be difficult to e/imate4 ,x is suffici5t = our purpose to "k t x is univ]sal & f> rea*+ 9 its application & influ5ce4 ,,sn3 ,j4 ,h5ri ,fabre ,x is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection to note t ,j4 ,h5ri ,fabre1 ! em95t ,fr5* naturali/1 makes ref]5ce to ?is law 9 describ+ ! uni=mity ) :i* c]ta9 bees act1 _! actions seem+ to be gov]n$ by a my/]i\s law4 ,9 8 book on 8,bramble ,bees & ,o!rs0 ,fabre says3 8,! fir/ "t t ,i prep>$ "o ( ^! horizontal tubes = bramble bees op5 at bo? ends1 ,i 0 greatly /ruck by :at happ5$4 ,! s]ies consi/$ ( t5 cocoons4 ,x 0 divid$ into two equal bat*es4 ,! five on ! left w5t out on ! left1 ! five on ! "r w5t out on ! "r1 rev]s+1 :5 necess>y1 _! orig9al direction 9 ! cell4 ,x 0 v rem>kable f ! po9t ( view ( symmetry2 moreov]1 x 0 a v unlikely arrangem5t among ! total numb] ( possible arrangem5ts1 z ma!matics w %[ u40 ,fabre elucidates ?is fact by ma!matical calculation prov+ t !re _h be5 a spontane\s decision1 "o half 9 favor ( ! exit on ! left1 "o half 9 favor ( t on ! "r1 :5 ! tube 0 horizontal & gravity ceas$ to int]f]e4 ,?is law ( h>mony has be5 recogniz$ & to "s ext5t def9$ by e>ly philosoph]s & writ]s z well z by ^? ( rec5t date4 ,,sn3 ,plato ,x 0 recogniz$ & ref]r$ to by ,plato1 :o said t ! _w (f]s ! mat]ial 9 graceful & beautiful =ms2 or aga9 t !re is no difficulty 9 see+ t grace or ! abs5ce ( grace is an effect ( good or bad rhy?m 444 t beauty ( /yle & h>mony & grace & good rhy?m dep5d on simplicity4 ,he also ref]s to art z repres5t+ proportion1 h>mony1 or unity among ! p>ts4 ,8 ?\ght is t !re is an absolute pr9ciple ( beauty :i* reveals itself 9 natural objects4 ,,sn3 ,ari/otle ,ari/otle express$ ! op9ion t ! ess5tial qualities ( beauty are ord] & symmetry4 ,,sn3 ,knight ,knight ref]s to ! appreciation ( symmetry & proportion on ! "p ( ! ,greek p & he concludes t ! k ( ?is same law ( symmetry & its appreciation 0 d\btless ! basis ( ,greek art4 ,,sn3 ,kant ,kant 9 8 philosophy ref]s to ?is same law ( symmetry1 grace1 & beauty 9 nature4 ,he says3 8,! beautiful =ms display$ 9 ! organic _w all plead eloqu5tly on ! side ( ! realism ( ! ae/hetic f9ality ( nature 9 support ( ! plausible assumption t b5ea? ! production ( ! beautiful !re mu/ lie a preconceiv$ idea 9 ! produc+ cause--t is to say1 an end act+ 9 ! int]e/ ( our imag9ation4 ,fl[]s1 blossoms1 ev5 ! %apes ( plants z a :ole1 ! elegance ( animal =mations ( all k9ds1 unnecess>y = ! dis*>ge ( any function on _! "p1 b *os5 z x 7 ) an eye to our ta/e2 &1 beyond all else1 ! v>iety & h>mony 9 ! array ( col\rs 79 ! pheasant1 9 cru/acea1 9 insects1 d[n ev5 to ! meane/ fl[]s7 s pleas+ & *>m+ to ! eye1 b :i*1 inasmu* z !y t\* ! b>e surface & d n ev5 "h 9 any way affect ! /ructure ( ^! creatures--a matt] :i* might h a necess>y be>+ on _! int]nal ends--seem to be plann$ entirely ) a view to outw>d appe>ance3 all ^! l5d great weight to ! mode ( explanation :i* assumes actual ends ( nature 9 favor ( our ae/hetic judgm5t40 ,,sn3 ,blackie ,john ,/u>t ,blackie ref]s to qualities 9 nature :i* create spontane\sly 9 ! m9d a degree ( pleasure because ( _! symmetry & beauty4 ,he says3 8,!re mu/ be1 !re=e1 9 nature & 9 ! con/itution ( ?+s c]ta9 qualities :i*1 be+ sup]9duc$ ^u ! useful1 or m]e fitness to a*ieve a practical end1 create 9 ! m9d ! pleasant s5sations :i* arise spontane\sly on ! p]ception ( a beautiful object40 ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 t nature has furni%$ ^? =ms & col\rs :i* are symmetrical & h>moni\s1 & t famili>ity ) ^! has creat$ 9 man1 9 v>y+ degrees1 a love = ! beautiful & an appreciation ( ! symmetrical & ord]ly4 ,?is law ( symmetry & proportion n only appeals to our own consci\sness b has become a "p ( our daily life4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t ! repetition ( beautiful =ms results 9 :at comes to be recogniz$ z a conv5tional or national expression ( art4 ,?is is especially true ( ,*9ese & ,japanese art4 ,conv5tional =ms adopt$ by "o g5]ation ( ,*9ese or ,japanese arti/s 7 (t5 h&$ d[n to succe$+ g5]ations ( arti/s4 ,n only 0 ?is true1 b ! repetition ( ^! conv5tional =ms1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 result$ 9 ! adoption ( c]ta9 arbitr>y rules gov]n+ ! composition & con/ruction ( _! works ( art4 ,,sn3 ,sei-i*i ,taki ,sei-i*i ,taki 9 8 8,?ree ,essays on ,ori5tal ,pa9t+0 not$ eighte5 rules = ! pa9t+ ( 8m\nta9 wr9kles40 ,among ^! rules ! foll[+ may be m5tion$3 8,wr9kl$ l eddy+ wat]40 8,wr9kl$ l a horse's too?40 8,wr9kl$ l bullock's hair40 8,wr9kl$ l ! ve9s ( a lotus leaf40 ,not)/&+ ^! conv5tions1 ! fundam5tal or und]ly+ qualities 9 ,*9ese & ,japanese art d n diff] f ^? *>act]iz+ works by arti/s ( o!r nations4 ,!re 0 ! same reliance ^u nature & insi/5ce ^u selection & ! expression ( ess5tial "*4 ,,sn3 ,kuo ,hsi ,= in/ance1 ,kuo ,hsi1 himself a l&scape pa9t]1 9 8 "w on art criticism1 8,noble ,features ( ! ,=e/ & ,/ream10 wrote z foll[s3 8,obs]ve widely & compreh5sively40 ,& aga93 8,take 9 ! ess5tials ( a sc5e & disc>d ! trivialities40 ,,sn3 ,lafcadio ,he>n ,) ,*9ese & ,japanese arti/s x 0 always a "q ( discrim9at+ selection4 ,lafcadio ,he>n1 a ke5 obs]v] & a *>m+ writ] ^u ,japanese life & art1 ref]r$ ) unusual p5etration to ! importance ( selection :5 he wrote3 8,! arti/ look$ = dom9ant laws ( contra/ & col\r1 = ! g5]al "* ( nature's comb9ations1 = ! ord] ( ! beautiful4 ,he drew actualities b n repell5t or mean+less actualities1 prov+ 8 rank ev5 m by 8 refusal ?an by 8 *oice ( subjects40 ,x w be se5 f ^! expressions t ,*9ese & ,japanese art 0 9 fact bas$ ^u an intimate & ?or\gh k ( nature1 influ5c$ by c]ta9 conv5tions :i* 7 cle>ly def9$ & und]/ood4 ,,sn3 ,la ,f>ge ,john ,la ,f>ge1 ! ,am]ican arti/ :o 0 a pr(\nd /ud5t ( ori5tal art1 sugge/s ?is undef9$ law ( h>mony 9 ! univ]se :5 he says3 8,i might ackn[l$ge t ,i h f> )9 me a belief t art is ! love ( c]ta9 balanc$ proportions & relations :i* ! m9d likes to discov] & to br+ out 9 :at x deals )1 be x ?\ght1 or ! action ( man1 or ! influ5ces ( nature1 or ! mat]ial ?+s 9 :i* ! necessity makes x to "w4 ,i %\ld !n exp& ?is idea until x /ret*$ f ! patt]ns ( e>lie/ pott]y to ! h>mony ( ! l9es ( ,hom]4 ,!n ,i %\ld say t 9 our pla/ic arts ! relations ( l9es & spaces are1 9 my belief1 ! fir/ & e>lie/ desires4 ,& aga91 ,i %\ld h to say t1 9 my unexpress$ fai?1 ^! ne$s are z ne$s ( ! s\l & e*oes ( ! laws ( ! univ]se1 se5 & unse51 reflections ( ! univ]sal ma!matics1 cad5ces ( ! anci5t music ( ! sph]es40 8,= ,i am =c$ to believe t !re are laws = our eyes z well z = our e>s1 & t :51 if ev]1 ^! %all h be5 deciph]$1 z has be5 ! good =tune ) music1 !n %all we f9d t all be/ arti/s h c>efully pres]v$ _! in/9ctive ob$i5ce to ^!1 & h all c>$ toge!r = ?is be=e all40 8,= ! arrangem5ts ( l9e & balances ( spaces :i* meet ^! und]ly+ ne$s are inde$ ! po9ts ?r\gh :i* we recognize ! answ] to our natural love & s5sitiv5ess = ord]1 & ?r\gh ?is answ]1 we feel1 cle>ly or obscurely1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at we call great m5 & :at we call ! av]age1 :atev] ! p]sonal *>m may be40 ,conclusion ,x may seem ru?less to de/roy ! old conception :i* attribut$ to ! works ( ! pa9t] & sculptor a place sup]ior to or above ! works ( m5 9 ! field ( sci5ce or 9 o!r sph]es ( activity1 b ?is1 ,i ?9k1 is rapidly be+ done4 ,! idea t man is capable ( add+ any?+ to or improv+ ^u ! supreme qualities ( beauty z ^! exi/ 9 nature is disappe>+4 ,! _s ( a sci5tific age is dispell+ ! old conception ( art4 ,m5 n[ realize 9 art z 9 sci5ce t ! quality ( tru? is ! sole object to be s\ght4 ,,sn3 ,"l ,james ,bryce ,"l ,james ,bryce1 ! em95t ,engli% /atesman & au?or1 rec5tly call$ att5tion to ! dom9at+ influ5ce ( ! sci5tific _s z felt 9 ! v>i\s activities ( our "t4 ,he ref]r$ to ! effect :i* ! enorm\s increase 9 k 9 ! sci5tific _w has _h ^u our intellectual life & ^u ! ideas1 ! habits & ways ( ?\ght ( mank9d4 ,he said t ! sci5tific inve/igations dur+ ! pa/ c5tury & a half h occupi$ a l>g] proportion ( ! en]getic intellects ( ! _w ?an ev] be=e4 ,! results ( ^! inve/igations h be5 m read ?an !y ev] 7 be=e1 & by a wid5+ circle4 ,!y h m affect$ m5's m9ds & become "p ( our ?9k+--"p ( ! m5tal furniture ( educat$ m5 & wom54 ,"l ,bryce po9t$ out t ?r\gh ! ev]la/+ se>*+ aft] tru? & ! facts ( nature 8! me?ods & ! _s ( sci5ce h und\bt$ly affect$ su* subjects z metaphysical & e?ical philosophy1 z economic sci5ce & hi/ory1 z political !ory1 z oratory1 z philology1 z lit]ature40 ,& he add$ t = "s reason 7he w\ld n call x inscrutable1 because he said t ev]y?+ is m or less discov]able by suffici5t /udy & att5tion--ev]y?+ 9 ! human sph]e at lea/7 he believ$ t !re did1 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 beg9 to come ov] ! human m9d a *ange1 ! results ( :i* are se5 9 all ^! fields4 ,! novelty ( ?is me?od1 ,"l ,bryce said1 8lies 9 ! scrupul\s c>e :i* we be/[ ^u ph5om5a1 9 ! det]m9ation to exam9e ! m9ute/ details & to record exactly :at we see1 t & no?+ m40 ,"l ,bryce _h also express$ ! ?\ght t ) all c>eful /udy we mu/ /rive to communicate an impression1 :i* is mu* m difficult ?an m]ely to /ate facts4 ,= example1 he says1 ! hi/orian's g5]al impression ( a p is no less an expression ( tru? & no less accurate ?an is ! pres5tation ( _m m9or facts4 ,"l ,bryce "h /ates a pr(\nd tru?1 namely1 t ! impression ( ! :ole is ( great] importance ?an ! lit]al repres5tation ( detail4 ,?is tru? applies to art4 ,! elim9ation ( trifl+ details b emphasizes ! p[] & beauty ( ! :ole4 ,i ?9k x is ?is sci5tific _s :i* has influ5c$ mod]n art & :i* is v cle>ly exemplifi$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,s*ool ( ,impressioni/s4 ,?is s*ool has ex]t$ a p[]ful influ5ce ^u ! art ( pa9t+ ( ! pres5t day4 ,i "k t ! g5]al op9ion has be5 t ! s-call$ ,impressioni/ pa9t]s h dep>t$ f ! repres5tation ( ! tru?s ( nature & t _! pa9t+s are n fai?ful repres5tations ( nature2 b ,i believe ! v rev]se ( ?is to be true4 ,i ?9k1 9 _! se>* = ! ess5tial tru? ( nature1 or ! ess5tial fact1 t !y h1 9 _! v int5sity ( ef=t1 dep>t$ f ! repres5tation ( m9ute details & ( _m =ms1 9 ord] t !y might ! m fully & p]fectly repres5t ! less obvi\s & m subtle tru?4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! purpose :i* actuat$ ,monet1 probably ! lead] ( ?is gr\p ( pa9t]s1 9 8 ef=t to repres5t ! v tru? ( nature by a few masses ( vibrat+ col\r4 ,= example1 8 haycock s]ies ( pictures 0 b an ef=t to repres5t ! mo/ ess5tial qualities ( ! subjects :i* he _h *os5 = 8 exp]im5t4 ,i recall v well ! fir/ pa9t+ by ,monet :i* ,i _h ! opportunity to see1 "s ?irty ye>s ago1 & ! impression ,i receiv$ !n rema9s fre% 9 my memory4 ,x 0 n ! pleasurable or *ildi% s5sation creat$ by recogniz+ ! =ms ( famili> objects1 b r ! delight creat$ by an impression ( vibrat+1 sunlit atmosph]e4 ,?is effect 0 ! result ( sci5tific rese>*4 ,monet simply appli$ 8 p[] & 8 weal? ( te*nical ability to reproduce ano!r k9d ( tru?1 ! tru? ( nature z broadly repres5t$ by beautiful col\rs 9 relation to ea* o!r4 ,i m5tion ,monet 9 ?is connection because he seems to repres5t1 9 an important s5se1 ! influ5ce ( a sci5tific age ^u ! art ( ! pa9t]4 ,?is view ( ,claude ,monet's art & ! art ( ! s-call$ ,impressioni/s is ! v opposite ( t ent]ta9$ by _m writ]s :o h attribut$ to ^! pa9t]s c>eless r ?an sci5tific me?ods4 ,if ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ?is "w are true1 !y become ( vital importance4 ,we w n ?9k less ( art1 b we w be inspir$ by a new devotion to nature & ! great laws :i* gov]n h]4 ,we w seek m dilig5tly aft] ! subtle h>monies & beauties 9 nature1 ^? qualities :i* h be5 discov]$ by ! great ma/]s & translat$ ) measurable success4 ,we w g to nature ) m intellig5ce & devotion1 t we may !re enjoy ^! ?+s = ourselves at ! s\rce ( all beauty4 ,! /ud5t may lay aside all preconceiv$ notions ) ref]5ce to inspiration & creation1 & address himself to 8 task z w\ld any o!r workman4 ,! result %\ld be a m pr(\nd appreciation ( all beauty & m joy 9 a _w too (t5 made commonplace by man4 ,ref]5ces ,,ari/otle p4 #fa ,william ,angus ,knight1 8,philosophy ( ! ,beautiful10 ,"p #a1 p4 #bh4 ,,baumg>t51 ,,alex&] ,,gottlieb p4 #eb ,enc4 ,brit4 #i? ,ed41 ,vol4 #a1 8,ae/hetics40 ,,blackie1 ,,john ,,/u>t p4 #fb-fc ,! ,contempor>y ,review1 ,vol4 #dc1 ,june1 #ahhc1 pp4 #hba-hbb4 ,,bryce1 ,,"l ,,james p4 #fg-fi ,f\nd]'s ,day ,book1 ,c>negie ,in/itute1 #aijh1 pp4 #ab-af4 ,,con/able1 ,,john p4 #ag-ah ,c4 ,r4 ,leslie1 ,r4 ,a41 8,memoirs ( ! ,life ( ,john ,con/able1 ,esq41 ,r4 ,a410 #ahdc1 pp4 #adg-adh4 p4 #bc-be ,c4 ,r4 ,leslie1 ,r4 ,a41 8,memoirs ( ! ,life ( ,john ,con/able1 ,esq41 ,r4 ,a410 #ahdc1 p4 #ff4 p4 #cd ,c4 ,j4 ,holmes1 8,con/able & ,8 ,influ5ce on ,l&scape ,pa9t+10 #aijb1 p4 #aca4 ,,corot1 ,,jean-,,bapti/e ,,camille p4 #be ,mrs4 ,s*uyl] ,van ,r5ssela]1 8,six ,portraits10 p4 #afj4 ,d,,r]1 ,,albre*t p4 #bj-ba ,wm4 ,angus ,knight1 8,philosophy ( ! ,beautiful10 ,"p #a1 p4 #dh1 & ,moriz ,?aus+1 8,alb]t ,dr]1 ,8 ,life & ,works10 #ahhb1 p4 #cai4 ,,fabre1 ,,jean ,,h5ri p4 #fj-fa ,j4 ,h5ri ,fabre1 8,bramble ,bees & ,o!rs10 p4 #db4 ,,fr\de1 ,,james ,,an?ony p4 #ea-eb ,james ,an?ony ,fr\de1 8,engl&'s ,=gott5 ,wor?ies10 pub4 9 8,%ort ,/udies on ,great ,subjects10 ,vol4 #a1 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 #ahid1 p4 #cfj4 ,,hambidge1 ,,jay p4 #eh ,jay ,hambidge1 8,dynamic ,symmetry3 ,! ,greek ,vase40 ,,he>n1 ,,lafcadio p4 #fd-fe ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 ,vol4 #gh1 ,augu/1 #ahif1 p4 #bbd4 ,,hegel1 ,,georg ,,wilhelm ,,fri$ri* p4 #ac-ae 8,! ,g]man ,classics ( ! ,n9ete5? & ,tw5tie? ,c5turies10 trans4 by ,kuno ,francke & ,wm4 ,g4 ,h[>d1 ,vol4 #g1 pp4 #aab-aac4 p4 #ae 8,philosophy ( ,f9e ,art10 trans4 by ,b]n>d ,bosanquet1 p4 #aje4 ,,hog>?1 ,,william p4 #bb ,william ,hog>?1 8,anecdotes ( ,william ,hog>?10 #ahcc1 p4 #dg4 ,,hom]1 ,,w9sl[ p4 #cg-ci ,au?or's ,notebook4 ,,kant1 ,,immanuel p4 #eb-ee ,immanuel ,kant1 8,critique ( ,ae/hetic ,judgm5t10 trans4 by ,james ,cre$ ,m]$i?1 #aiaa1 p4 #aha4 p4 #fb ,immanuel ,kant1 8,critique ( ,ae/hetic ,judgm5t10 trans4 by ,james ,cre$ ,m]$i?1 #aiaa1 pp4 #baf-bag4 ,,knight1 ,,william ,,angus p4 #fa-fb ,wm4 ,angus ,knight1 8,philosophy ( ! ,beautiful10 ,"p #a1 pp4 #dj-da & page #ai4 ,,kuo ,,hsi p4 #fd ,sei-i*i ,taki1 8,?ree ,essays on ,ori5tal ,pa9t+10 pp4 #dc-de1 quot+ f ,kuo ,hsi1 8,noble ,features ( ! ,=e/ & ,/ream40 ,,la ,,f>ge1 ,,john p4 #db ,john ,la ,f>ge1 8,an ,arti/'s ,lett]s ,f ,japan10 p4 #ada4 p4 #fe-ff ,john ,la ,f>ge1 8,an ,arti/'s ,lett]s ,f ,japan10 p4 #ade4 ,,lawr5ce1 ,,sir ,,?omas p4 #be ,c4 ,r4 ,leslie1 ,r4 ,a41 8,memoirs ( ! ,life ( ,john ,con/able1 ,esq41 ,r4 ,a410 #ahdc1 p4 #adh4 ,,leibnitz1 ,,b>on ,,gottfri$ ,,wilhelm ,,von p4 #eb ,b]n>d ,bosanquet1 8,a ,hi/ory ( ,ae/hetics10 #ahib1 p4 #ahe4 ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci p4 #ba 8,leon>do da ,v9ci's ,notebooks10 trans4 by ,edw>d ,mc,curdy1 p4 #aef & p4 #afj4 ,,maet]l9ck1 ,,maurice p4 #ee-ef ,maurice ,maet]l9ck1 8,! ,life ( ! ,bee10 p4 #e4 ,,mauve1 ,,anton p4 #dd-df ,au?or's ,notebook4 ,,mi*elangelo ,,buon>otti p4 #ai-bj ,francisco ,d',oll&a1 8,?ird ,dialogue on ,pa9t+10 pub4 9 8,mi*ael ,angelo ,buon>otti10 by ,*>les ,holroyd1 ,app5dix1 p4 #cbc4 ,,millet1 ,,jean ,,fran,,ois p4 #be-bf ,roma9 ,roll&1 8,millet10 trans4 by ,clem5t9a ,black1 pp4 #chc-che1 #afb1 & #ahj4 ,,plato p4 #fa ,plato's ,republic1 pub4 9 8,dialogues ( ,plato10 trans4 by ,b4 ,j[ett1 ,vol4 #c1 pp4 #hf-hg1 & ,enc4 ,brit4 #i? ,ed41 ,vol4 #a1 8,ae/hetics40 ,,rang]1 ,,h5ry ,,w>d p4 #ci-da ,au?or's ,notebook4 ,,reynolds1 ,,sir ,,jo%ua p4 #bb-bc ,h5ry ,william ,bee*y1 8,! ,lit]>y ,works ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds10 ,vol4 #a1 pp4 #che & #cag1 & ,g4 ,claus51 8,royal ,academy ,lectures on ,pa9t+10 p4 #acg4 ,,rod91 ,,augu/e p4 #df-dg ,augu/e ,rod91 8,art10 trans4 f ! ,fr5* ( ,paul ,gsell by ,mrs4 ,romilly ,f$d51 pp4 #cj-cc1 & ,lit]>y ,dige/1 ,june #d1 #aiaj1 p4 #aabg4 ,,s*op5hau]1 ,,ar?ur p4 #dh-di 8,! ,g]man ,classics ( ! ,n9ete5? & ,tw5tie? ,c5turies10 trans4 by ,kuno ,francke & ,wm4 ,g4 ,h[>d1 ,vol4 #ae1 p4 #dh4 ,,segant9i1 ,,giovanni p4 #dc-dd ,au?or's ,notebook4 ,,socrates p4 #ae-af ,enc4 ,brit4 #i? ,ed41 ,vol4 #a1 8,ae/hetics40 ,,/u>t1 ,,gilb]t p4 #be ,george ,c4 ,mason1 8,! ,life & ,works ( ,gilb]t ,/u>t10 #ahid1 pp4 #fh-fi4 ,,ta9e1 ,,hippolyte ,,adolphe p4 #ej-ea ,h4 ,ta9e1 8,philosophy ( ,art10 trans4 by ,dur&1 #ahfe1 pp4 #da1 #eg1 #gc1 & ,h4 ,ta9e1 8,lectures on ,art10 ,vol4 #a1 #ahhi1 pp4 #afc1 #aig1 & #cec4 ,,taki1 ,,sei-,,i*i p4 #fd ,sei-i*i ,taki1 8,?ree ,essays on ,ori5tal ,pa9t+10 p4 #dh4 ,,?ay]1 ,,abbott ,,h&]son p4 #cj-cb ,c>negie ,in/itute ,catalogue1 ,abbott ,h4 ,?ay] ,exhibition1 #aiai1 p4 #i4 ,,tol/oi1 ,l4 ,n4 p4 #ci ,l4 ,n4 ,tol/oi1 8,:at is ,art10 p4 #dc4 ,,:i/l]1 ,,james ,,abbott ,,mcneill p4 #bf-cj ,au?or's ,notebook1 & ,james ,mc,neill ,:i/l]1 8,! ,g5tle ,art ( ,mak+ ,enemies10 pp4 #adb-adc1 & ,james ,mc,neill ,:i/l]1 8,t5 ,o'clock10 pp4 #ac-ad4 ,,wordswor?1 ,,william p4 #cd ,wm4 ,wordswor?1 8,^u ! ,sight ( a ,beautiful ,picture10 l9es #ab-ad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,n9e ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fifty ,,copies ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,press ,,( ,,william ,,edw9 ,,rudge ,,m\nt ,,v]non1 ,,new ,,york ,,typography ,,by ,,bruce ,,rog]s 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4