----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,transcrib]'s ,note3    ,?is v]sion ( ! 
text _c repres5t c]ta9 typographical    
effects4  ,italics are delimit$ ) ! #8' 
"* z italic4    ,m9or errors1           
attributable to ! pr9t]1 h be5 correct$4
 ,please  see ! transcrib]'s note at !  
end ( ?is text = details reg>d+  ! h&l+ 
( any textual issues enc\nt]$ dur+ its  
prep>ation4    ,! cov] image has be5    
modifi$ to include ! title1 au?or &     
publication date1 & is1 s modifi$1 add$ 
to ! public doma94                      
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,!                                ,,ea/
 ,,india                                
,,vade-,,mecum                          
,,or                                    
,,complete ,,guide                      
,,to                           ,,g5tlem5
 ,,int5d$ ,,= ,,!                       
,,civil1 ,,milit>y1 ,,or ,,naval        
,,s]vice                                

,,( ,,!                            ,hon4
 ,ea/ ,india ,company4    ,illu/ration  
,,by                         ,,capta9   
,,?omas ,,williamson                    
,au?or ( #8,! ,wild ,sports ( ! ,ea/4'  
,illu/ration                            
,,9 ,,two ,,volumes                     
-------                                 
,,vol4 ,i4                              
----------------------------            
,london3                  ,,pr9t$ ,,=   
,,black1 ,,p>ry1 & ,,k+sbury1           
,booksell]s to ! ,honorable ,ea/ ,india 
,company1                               
#g1                                     
,,lead5hall-,,/reet                     
-------                                 
#ahaj4                                  
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,pr9t$ by ,turn] & ,h>wood1 ,/4 ,john's 
,squ>e1                                 
,london4                                
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        

,,to ,,!                         ,,hon4 
,,c\rt ,,( ,,directors1                 
,,( ,,!                        ,ea/     
,india ,company                         
----------    ,,honorable ,,sirs1       
,a "w pr(ess$ly und]tak5 ) ! view to    
promote !  welf>e1 & to facilitate !    
progress1 ( ^? "y g5tlem5 :o  may1 f "t 
to "t1 be appo9t$ to situations "u y\r  
sev]al  ,presid5cies1 w1 ,i flatt]      
myself1 receive f y\r ,,honorable ,,c\rt
  t enc\ragem5t ! importance ( ! subject
 solicits1 & to :i*  my own good        
int5tions may ju/ly (f] a claim4 ,"u y\r
 auspices1 my  labors _c fail to prove (
 public utility1 z well z to rew>d t    
zeal1 & t assiduity1 ) :i* !y h proce$$1
 "u !  allur+ hope ( m]it+ ! approbation
 ( y\r ,,honorable ,,c\rt4              
,i h ! honor to be1                     
,,honorable ,,sirs1                     
,y\r mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vant1                
,,?omas ,,williamson    ,london1 ,janu>y
 #a1 #ahaj4                             
,,preface                               

----------      ,9 ! volumes n[ (f]$ to 
! public1 x has be5 my zeal\s  endeav\r 
to supply ^? m9uti & details1 :i* h n1 9
 any  di/9ct mann]1 be5 h]et(ore t5d]$  
to its consid]ation4 ,a  resid5ce ( m   
?an tw5ty ye>s 9 ,b5gal1 dur+ :i* p]iod 
,i _h  e opportunity ( visit+ ! sev]al  
di/ricts "u t  presid5cy1 has enabl$ me 
to af=d consid]able insight into a      
v>iety  ( topics1 :i*1 :e!r to !        
/atesman1 ! m]*ant1 ! milit>y1  or !    
civil "*1 %\ld prove highly important1 &
 guide1 n  only to a j conception ( !   
*>act]s ( ! natives1 & ( !  ,european   
society1 9 ,india1 b to ! removal ( t   
ho/ ( d\bts1  prejudices1 & national    
op9ions1 :i*1 if suff]$ to prevail1 mu/ 
occasion e object to be se5 ?r\gh a     
false m$ium4    ,) ! view to r5d] my    
labors m acceptable to my juv5ile       
read]s1 ^: welf>e is att5d$ to 9 e page1
 x appe>$ to me  exp$i5t to adopt r a   
famili>1 ?an a didactic1 /yle2 s z to   
lead t[>ds ! goal ( in/ruction1 9 t easy
 mann] :i* is  g5]ally f\nd be/ suit$ to

 t int5tion4 ,! same pr9ciple  induc$ me
 to avoid any arrangem5t "u ab/ract     
heads1 or *apt]s2  z well z to r5d] !   
cont5ts at l>ge philosophically diffuse4
    ,! mode adopt$ 9 my =m] publication1
 #8,,! ,,wild ,,sports ,,( ,,!  ,,ea/'1 
namely1 ( spell+ ! ,h9do/anee words     
accord+ to ,engli%  pronunciation1 hav+ 
be5 highly approv$1 is cont9u$ on ?is   
occasion4 ,?is plan appe>s p>ticul>ly   
necess>y 9 a "w int5d$  *iefly = ! use (
 p]sons proce$+ to ,india2 s9ce no?+    
c\ld  be m unpleasant ?an a defici5cy 9 
respect to intonation2 :i*1  be+ once   
e/abli%$ 9 error1 mu/ prove extremely   
difficult (  correction4    ,:ile /udy+ 
to supply ! sev]al desid]ata left       
unnotic$ by ^?  g5tlem5 :o h writt5 on  
subjects relat+ to ,india1 ,i felt x    
incumb5t on me1 bo? f a s5se ( delicacy1
 & f ! conviction  t !y _h already pass$
 ?r\gh m able h&s1 to avoid :atev]      
topics _h be5 ab/ract$ly consid]$4      
,!re=e1 su* ( my read]s  z may seek =   
p>ticul> in=mation reg>d+ ! religi\s    

t5ets (  ! sev]al sects1 ! languages ( !
 ,ea/1 ! lit]ature1 c41 c41  %\ld       
consult ^? em95t au?ors to :om ! _w is s
 mu*  indebt$4 ,! :ole ( _! works may be
 obta9$ by application to  ,messrs4     
,,black1 ,,p>ry1 & ,,k+sbury1 (         
,lead5hall ,/reet1 ,london1 f  ^: ample 
catalogue ,i beg leave to cull ! foll[+1
 z be+  p>ticul>ly applicable to ! use (
 /ud5ts laudably int5t on  obta9+ ! mo/ 
valuable s\rces ( ori5tal le>n+4    ,!  
works ( ,,doctor ,,gil*ri/ /& pre-em95t1
 &1 :ile !y d  honor to himself1 are    
highly cr$itable to ! discrim9ation &   
lib]ality ( ! ,,ea/ ,,india ,,company1  
"u :om he held a  ,pr(essor%ip4 ,9 !    
pur*ase ( ! few volumes necess>y t[>ds !
  equipm5t ( a g5tleman proce$+ to      
,india1 ! :ole ( ,doctor  ,gil*ri/'s    
philological publications ought to be   
includ$4 ,,dr4 ,,wilk9',s  edition (    
,,ri*>dson',s ,,p]sian ,,diction>y is   
equally indisp5sable to  writ]s1 :o may 
be desir\s to atta9 a pr(ici5cy 9 !     
,p]sian  language1 by :i* !y become     

eligible = (fic]s ( ! highe/  rank3 b1  
to cadets1 :o d n wi% to g to ! exp5ce (
 two  volumes1 qu>to1 ! ,,abridgem5t1 by
 ,,mr4 ,,hopk9s1 9 "o volume1 royal     
octavo1 is p>ticul>ly recomm5d$4 ,,dr4  
,,wilk9s',s ,,sanskrita ,,gramm>  w also
 be f\nd em95tly s]viceable2 :ile 8     
translation ( !  ,,heetopades w af=d mu*
 insight into ! n>ratory idiom ( !      
,h9dus4 ,,ri*>dson',s ,,arabic ,,gramm>1
 z also ,,sir ,w4 ,,jones',s ,,p]sian   
,,gramm>1 or ,,gladw9',s ,,p]sian       
,,moon%ee1 & 8 ,,guli/an ,,( ,,sady1    
%\ld  n be omitt$4 ,,sir ,,wm4          
,,ouseley',s ,,essay ,,t[>ds            
,,facilitat+ ,,! ,,read+  ,,( ,,p]sian  
,,manuscripts1 w prove a sub/antial aid4
 ,,balf\r',s ,,=ms ,,(  ,,h]k]n1 9      
,arabic & ,engli%1 %\ld be provid$2     
toge!r )  ,,r\sseau',s ,,diction>y ,,(  
,,mahom$an ,,law ,,t]ms4 ,,mr4          
,,colebrooke',s ,,dige/ ,,(  ,,h9du     
,,law1 is indisp5sable2 & ,i /rongly    
recomm5d 8 ,,treatise ,,on  ,,!         
,,husb&ry ,,& ,,int]nal ,,comm]ce ,,(   

,,b5gal4 ,,sale',s ,,koran w supply  !  
fulle/ in=mation reg>d+ ! fundam5tal    
pr9ciples ( !  ,mahom$an religion2 &    
,,reynell',s ,,memoirs1 unit$ ) 8       
,,atlas1 &  ,,map1 or ,,arr[smi?',s     
,,map ,,( ,,india1 on a l>g] scale1 w   
prove !  be/ guides 9 acquir+ !         
geography1 toge!r ) _m local matt]s     
extremely int]e/+ to p]sons travell+ 9  
any "p ( our  t]ritory1 b especially 9  
,b5gal4 ,! ,,aye5 ,,akbekry w %ew :at   
,h9do/an 0 "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,,akb>2 & !  
,,asiatic ,,rese>*es1  & ,,asiatic      
,,annual ,,regi/]1 w be f\nd to display 
an imm5se v>iety  ( subjects connect$ ) 
natural hi/ory1 c4 ,! ,t\r made1 "u !   
auspices ( ,m>quis ,wellesley1 by       
,,doctor ,,francis ,,bu*anan1 ?r\gh !   
,,mysore1 ,,can>a1 & ,,malab> ,di/ricts1
 may be consid]$ "o ( ! mo/  valuable   
productions ( ! age2 inasmu* z x        
details1 )  philosophic consid]ation1 &1
 9 mo/ in/ances1 ) al*emic  precision1 a
 v>iety ( matt]s relat+ to ! climate1 ! 
soil1 &  ^? v>i\s articles ( produce1 z 

well z ! mode ( manufacture1  :i* _c    
fail to prove highly int]e/+ to ^? ei!r 
engag$ 9  m]cantile speculations1 or :o 
?ir/ aft] useful k4 ,?is "w  is publi%$ 
by ,messrs4 ,,black1 ,,p>ry1 &          
,,k+sbury4    ,) respect to ^?          
regulations publi%$ = ! control1 or     
guidance1 ( p]sons proce$+ to1 or resid+
 91 ,india1 fluctuations  mu/ at times  
take place4 ,,messrs4 ,,black1 ,,p>ry1 &
 ,,k+sbury1 publi%  ye>ly a ,,directory1
 "u ! imm$iate au?ority ( ! ,,c\rt ,,(  
,,directors1 ! late/ edition ( :i* ought
 to be pur*as$ 9 !  fir/ in/ance4       
,solicit+ my read]s' indulg5ce reg>d+   
any typographical errors1  :i* may1     
not)/&+ ! greate/ att5tion 9 correct+ = 
!  press1 occasionally appe>1 & anxi\sly
 hop+ t he may at lea/ be  amus$1 if n  
in/ruct$1 by ! p]usal ( my pages1 ,i    
consign !m to  ! consid]ation ( a       
discrim9at+1 j1 & lib]al public2  tru/+ 
t my motives1 at lea/1 w be rew>d$ by   
its approbation4                        
,,?omas ,,williamson4    ,,london1      

,,janu>y #a1 #ahaj4                     
,,cont5ts                               
,,(                                     
,,vol4 ,i4                              
--------------                          
,,pages        ,in/ructions to ,p]sons  
proce$+ to ,india          #a to   #cj  
reg>d+ articles to be provid$1 &        
precautions to be adopt$        ,matt]s 
relat+ to emb>k+1 & ! usual        #ca 4
    #fj        cu/oms on bo>d-%ip1      
sea-sickness1 fi%+ at        sea        
,=eign settlem5ts1 ,brazils1 cross+ !   
,l9e    #fa 4    #fh        ,religi\s "*
 ( sailors1 fun]als at sea1    #fi 4    
#hh        ,cape ( ,good ,hope        ,(
 ,/4 ,hel5a                             
#hi 4   #aji        ,isl& ( ,johanna1 & 
! ,comoro ,clu/]         #aaj 4   #aai  
,:ale-fi%]y 9 ! ,mozambique ,*annel     
#abj 4   #abc        ,:ite-squalls1     
passage r\nd ,ceylon1 & up !    #abd 4  
#abf        ,corom&el coa/              
,madras1 masoolah-boats1 deba%es1 bad   
meats1       #abg 4   #ach              

localities        ,g5]al track up !     
,bay1 cautions necess>y to    #aci 4    
#ada        be adopt$ by pilot-s*oon]s  
at ! ,s&-heads        ,g5]al appe>ance (
 ! coa/1 modes ( gett+  #adb 4   #aed   
up f ! %ip to ,calcutta        ,co9s &  
weights 9 use1 l& measure               
#aee 4   #afj        ,tav]ns to be      
avoid$1 in/ructions & cautions   #afa 4 
#agb        reg>d+ s]vants1 wom51 c4    
,e/imate ( prim>y & curr5t exp5ces      
#agc 4   #age        ,acquirem5t ( !    
language1 ) advice           #agf 4     
#agh        reg>d+ conduct 9 g5]al      
,reasons = reta9+ a numb] ( s]vants1    
#agi 4   #ahe        religi\s scruples  
,classification ( s]vants               
#ahf 4   #ahh        ,! ,banian1 &      
,d>ogah                           #ahh 4
   #aib        ,! ,moon%y1 ! ,jemmad>1 !
 ,*obe-d>1 !      #aia 4   #bab         
,soontah-burd>1 ! ,kansamah1 ! ,sirc>1 !
        ,cranny1 specim5 ( /yle         
,! ,kh$mutg>1 ,! ,mosaul*y1 !           
,hookah-burd>1  #bab 4   #bbh        !  

,hookah1 ! ,kaleaun1 ! ,goorgoory1 & !  
,n]iaul        ,modes ( c>ry+ wat]1 !   
,bhee/y1 ,tatties     #bbi 4   #bcf     
,! ,baba*y1 ! ,durzy1 ! ,doby1 ! ,moh\t1
 !  #bcf 4   #bec        ,mate1 & !     
,surwan        ,! ,syce1 ! ,grass-cutt]1
 ! ,mauly1 mode (     #bed 4   #bff     
draw+ wat]        ,! ,aub-d>1 !         
,compadore1 ! ,hirk>ah1 !      #bfg 4   
#bhj        ,duftoree1 ! ,frau%1 !      
,mat]1 ! ,dooreah1        mode ( keep+ &
 fe$+ dogs        ,! ,kala%y1 ! ,manjy1 
! ,goleeah1 & !       #bha 4   #bhg     
,d&y        ,! ,b]rairah1 description ( 
%eep1 & mode (   #bhh 4   #bic          
fatt5+        ,! ,*okey-d>1 curi\s sy/em
 ( vigilance 9     #bid 4   #bih        
! upp] prov9ces1 exp]t ?ieves        ,! 
,durwan1 ! ,cah>1 insol5ce ( ! ,ooreah  
#bih 4   #caj        be>]s        ,h9ts 
reg>d+ ! lad+ ( cattle              #caj
 4   #caa        ,umbrellas1 punkahs1   
liv]ies                      #cab 4     
#cac        ,! mahanah-palanqu91 !      
bohah1 !             #cac 4   #cbd      

taum-jaung1 ! bangy        ,! r'hunt1 ! 
g'horry-waun1 f9e bullocks1 !   #cbe 4  
#ccc        g'horry1 ! hack]y           
,cautions aga9/ engag+ ,european        
s]vants1       #ccc 4   #ccf        ei!r
 male or female        ,! ,portugueze   
,ayah1 ridicul\sly va9 ( _!    #ccg 4   
#cci        g5ealogies        ,!        
,h9do/anee ,ayah                        
#cdj 4   #cda        ,! ,dhye1 dome/ic  
secrets                        #cda 4   
#cdf        ,dome/ic mann]s & cu/oms ( !
 natives1 )  #cdg 4   #djh              
details ( ! /ate ( society among !m     
,fly+ kites1 great dext]ity1 natives    
peculi>ly  #djh 4   #daa        t5aci\s 
( privacy 9 _! dwell+s        ,european 
polygamy1 *>act]s ( wom5 g5]ally   #dab 
4   #daf        domiciliat$ by          
,europeans1 ord9>y exp5ces        ,dress
 & ornam5ts ( a ,h9do/anee lady         
#dag 4   #dca        ,sc5t$ oils1 mode (
 extract+ ! att> (      #dca 4   #dda   
roses1 ) calculation ( exp5ces          
,unctions 9 g5]al use1 ba?+1 alligators 

#ddb 4   #ddh        ,invitations1      
visit+1 female nom5clature1 l\d   #ddi 4
   #dea        music        ,reasons =  
,europeans reta9+ native wom51 &  #dea 4
   #deh        imp$im5ts 9 ! way (      
m>riage        ,orphan ,in/itution      
#dei 4   #dfh        ,vacc9ation 9      
,b5gal1 mode ( inoculat+ 9 use  #dfi 4  
#dge        among ! ,brahmans1 & among !
 ,pah>iahs1        mak+ capons        ,!
 ,native ,hospital at ,calcutta         
#dgi 4   #dhb        ,/yle ( build+     
among ! natives1 mode (       #dhc 4    
#dih        ?at*+1 dome/ic furniture1 ! 
beetle-leaf        & plant              
,*]oots1 wom5 smok]s1 imitations (      
native      #dii 4   #ejb        mann]s1
 dress1 c41 & vice v]s        ,mirza    
,alu ,taaleb ,khan1 8 +ratitude &       
#ejc 4   #eji        vanity1 comp>ison (
 8 poetry ) t (        ,hafiz & ,yuque5 
,precautions aga9/ fire1 heavy ra9s1    
protection  #eji 4   #ead        aga9/  
!m        ,bungal[s1 bricklay]s1 c>p5t] 
& smi?1       #ead 4   #ebj        h\ses

 sme>$ ) c[-dung1 m9dy appli$ to        
h&s & feet                              
,,!                                ,,ea/
 ,,india                                
,,vade-,,mecum4    ,illu/ration      ,! 
consid]ation1 t great numb]s ( "y       
g5tlem5 proce$ to  ,india )\t ! smalle/ 
idea ( ! cu/oms1 c4 peculi> to t  c\ntry
 :i!r !y are adv5tur+2 &1 t ! want ( "s 
previ\s in/ruction has (t5 prov$ ( !    
greate/ inconv5i5ce2  fir/ induc$ me to 
assume ! p51 = ! purpose ( submitt+1 to 
^? "u su* circum/ances1 ! result ( a    
long resid5ce 9  ,b5gal4 ,:5 x is       
und]/ood1 t1 m]ely ow+ to ! abs5ce ( any
  exp]i5c$ fri5d1 or to ! impossibility 
( obta9+ "s  publication suit$ to guide 
"u a case ( no small difficulty1 n  only
 _m a gu9ea1 :i* c\ld p]haps be ill     
sp>$1 is ?r[n away1  b _m a la/+ injury 
entail$1 little apology ne$ be (f]$ =  t
 e>ne/ness ) :i* ,i recomm5d my volumes 
to ! att5tion1 n  only ( ^? :o are ab\t 
to proce$ to ! ,ea/1 b ( su* z h        
relatives1 or fri5ds1 9 t remote qu>t]4 

,! fir/ po9t (f]+ itself to notice1 is1 
:e!r an appo9tm5t is  to be obta9$ 9 !  
,company's s]vice1 ei!r 9 a civil1 a    
milit>y1  or a naval capacity2 or1 :e!r 
! p>ty is ab\t to adv5ture z a  m]*ant1 
or free-m>9]4 ,if ! ,company's s]vice be
 9 "q1 x  w be necess>y to foll[        
implicitly ^? regulations ! ,c\rt (     
,directors1 f :om alone any appo9tm5t c 
be obta9$1 h1 f  "t to "t1 judg$ x      
exp$i5t to promulgate = ! bett]         
managem5t ( _! affairs1 & = obviat+     
misconception on ! "p  ( e c&idate1 z   
well z to %ield him f imposition4 ,z ^! 
regulations are subject to mu*          
fluctuation1 & z x w\ld be  bur!n+ ?is  
"w too mu* 7 !y to be embodi$ !re91     
besides  t x w\ld be1 to a c]ta9 degree1
 infr++ on ! rights (  o!rs1 to ^:      
assiduity ! public are consid]ably      
indebt$1 ,i h  exclud$ !m altoge!r2     
conf9+ myself to po9t+ out1 t !  #8,,ea/
 ,,india ,,directory1' publi%$ annually 
by ,messrs4 ,black1 ,p>ry1 &  ,k+sbury1 
b edit$ by g5tlem5 hold+ (fices at !    

,india-,h\se1  w be f\nd ! be/ guide 9  
all su* matt]s1 z x conta9s !  code 9   
=ce at ! "t ( publication4    ,=m]ly1 a 
great numb] ( p]sons receiv$ commissions
 9 ! army1  & 9 ! m$ical dep>tm5ts 9    
,india1 f ! gov]nor-g5]al1 =  :i*       
necessity 0 ! plea2 b t practice 0      
sev]ely c5sur$1  & has be5 = full       
tw5ty-six ye>s completely explod$4 ,!   
hope (  obta9+ an appo9tm5t 9 ,india1 z 
a ,company's s]vant1 %\ld nev]  be      
ent]ta9$2 none be+ be/[$ b by ! ,c\rt ( 
,directors2  ?\gh1 x is true1 !         
recomm5dations ( _! gov]nm5t abroad1 9  
behalf ( m]itori\s individuals1 h1 9 v  
num]\s in/ances1  be5 att5d$ to4        
,little argum5t ne$ be us$ to demon/rate
 ! sup]ior policy1 or  r ! imp]i\s      
necessity1 ( s5d+ "y m5 f ,engl& 9  su* 
a /ate ( improvem5t z may enable !m to  
become useful  imm$iately on _! arrival 
at ! presid5cies to :i* !y may be       
respectively nom9at$4 ,?is is effect$ by
 ! in/itution ( a  college1 & ( a       
milit>y academy1 "u ! auspices ( ! ,c\rt

 (  ,directors3 at ! =m]1 ^? int5d$ = ! 
civil s]vice are duly  gr\nd$ 9 !       
languages1 c4 ( ! ,ea/2 :ile1 at !      
latt]1 "y  g5tlem5 are in/ruct$ 9 :atev]
 may be ess5tial t[>ds _!  milit>y c>e]4
 ,by ^! means1 ! natives are induc$ to  
ent]ta9  m respect = ! junior s]vants1  
?an c\ld possibly be expect$  :ile a    
want ( e local requisite1 & ev5 ( ! v   
rudim5ts (  pr(essional sci5ce1 7 too   
conspicu\sly app>5t4 ,! #8,,directory'1 
already spok5 (1 w be f\nd to conta9    
:atev] relates to !  prop]              
qualifications ( "y m5 aim+ at employ "u
 ! ,company2  b ,i may be p]mitt$ to    
/ate1 t :5ev] any undue influ5ce may  be
 ex]t$1 by pecuni>y means1 to obta9 any 
appo9tm5t1 9 :atev]  bran*1 expulsion & 
disgrace1 or ev5tually1 f9e1 c4 w be !  
result4    ,! opportunity :i* (f]s = !  
selection ( civil s]vants duly  qualifi$
 to fill (fices ( consid]able           
importance1 to :i* ei!r  l>ge sal>ies1  
or h&some fees1 c4 are atta*$1 af=ds !  
ready  means ( rew>d+ ! labors (        

m]itori\s individuals 9 t bran*2  &1 )  
few exceptions1 ( enabl+ !m1 aft] a fair
 t]m (  s]vitude1 to return to ,europe )
 compet5t =tunes4 ,h5ce1 !  ,company h n
 f\nd x necess>y to /ipulate = _! grant+
 any  p5sions to civil s]vants2 b1 :5ev]
 ! pressure ( infirmity1 or  ( mis=tune1
 has exhibit$ to ! ,c\rt ( ,directors an
 object ju/ly  entitl$ to _!            
consid]ation1 su* civil s]vants1 &1 on  
_m  occasions1 _! wid[s & *ildr5 also1 h
 exp]i5c$ t  att5tion to _! di/resses   
:i* might elevate !m beyond ! rea*  (   
adv]sity4    ,9 ! milit>y bran*1 :]e a  
m>k$ level prescribes ! rise (  e       
individual1 beyond :i*1 except 9 a few  
in/ances (  /aff-appo9tm5ts1 ! utmo/    
m]it may unhappily rema9 unrew>d$2  &   
:]e1 9 s de/ructive a climate1 ! dis*>ge
 ev5 ( ord9>y  duties is frequ5tly      
att5d$ ) mo/ injuri\s results to !      
con/itution2 x has be5 adjudg$ necess>y 
to make "s provision =  ^? :o may ei!r  
be compell$ to seek ! re-e/abli%m5t (   
heal?  9 _! native c\ntry1 "u !         

indulg5ce ( a furl\gh1 or :o1  hav+     
pass$ ! prime ( _! days 9 t qu>t]1 may  
*oose to  )draw f ! effective /r5g? ( ! 
army1 pass+ _! latt]  ye>s 9 retirem5t1 
& mak+ way = ! m active1 to supply _!   
places 9 ! p]=mance ( ! m ardu\s duties4
    ,9 consid]ation ( ! important       
s]vices r5d]$ to ! ,company by  _!      
milit>y & naval (fic]s & surgeons1 z    
also by _!  *apla9s1 ! ,company h       
e/abli%$ c]ta9 rates ( income1 "u  !    
g5]al t]ms ( full-pay1 half-pay1 &      
p5sion1 = su* ( !m  z may retire f _!   
s]vice3 ^? rates1 toge!r ) all !        
regulations 9 =ce1 w be f\nd 9 ! #8,,ea/
 ,,india ,,directory'1  be=e ref]r$ to4 
,no ,briti% subject1 n born 9 ,india1 c 
claim ! "r ( resid+  )9 ! ,company's    
jurisdiction2 :i* ext5ds f ! ,cape (    
,good  ,hope1 ea/]ly1 t[>ds ,cape ,horn2
 includ+ all ! ,indian ,seas1 &  ! great
 ,p59sula ( ,asia1 s f> z ! ,briti% flag
 is display$1  ) ! exception1 h[ev]1 ( !
 ,isl& ( ,ceylon1 on :i* ! :ole         
e/abli%m5t app]ta9s to ! ,cr[n1 ?\gh    

g5]ally "s ( !  ,madras troops1 or ev5 a
 portion ( ! ,b5gal army1 may be se5 do+
  duty !re1 z auxili>ies4    ,necessity 
has impos$ v arbitr>y rules on ! conduct
 ( gov]nm5t  abroad2 none b p]sons ^:   
political conduct & op9ions are         
decid$ly unexceptionable be+ p]mitt$ to 
reside )9 ! ,company's  t]ritories4 ,e  
,european inhabitant is regi/]$1 &      
furni%$ )  a lic5ce1 r5ewable at times1 
or subject to be cancell$ by ! ,supreme 
,c\ncil4 ,su* is ! det]m9ation support$ 
aga9/ :atev] may t5d1  h[ev] obliquely1 
t[>ds colonization1 t1 9 ,calcutta1 ?\gh
  pur*ases may be made ( l&$ prop]ty1   
secur$ by pottahs1 t  correspond g5]ally
 ) our title-de$s1 yet !re does n appe> 
to  be any actual claim to ! soil4 ,?is 
does n create any diffid5ce on  ! "p ( !
 pur*as]1 :o1 provid$ !re be no lat5t   
mortgage1  c4 always holds ! prop]ty z a
 fee-simple4 ,?is rule does n1  inde$1  
prop]ly ext5d beyond ! ,mah>rattah      
,dit*1 :i* =m]ly  circumscrib$ ! t[n on 
! l& side1 mak+ ne>ly a semi-circle1  ^:

 radius might be m ?an a mile & a half3 
beyond t anci5t  b>ri]2 :i* 9 old times 
0 f\nd a consid]able protection aga9/  !
 incursions ( ! ,mah>rattah horse3 ?\gh 
pottahs may p]haps  exi/1 _! validity   
w\ld n be> ! te/ ( litigation4 ,!       
,company1 x is true1 h 9 v>i\s in/ances 
made grants ( l&s1 b  always "u su* t]ms
 z preclud$ any claim to prop]ty 9 !    
soil1  z a p]man5t1 indep5d5t1 & p>am\nt
 t5ure4    ,! free-m]*ant1 or1 7z "s    
designate him17 ! free-m>9]1 :o  may    
proce$ to ,india ) ! view ( pur*as+ l&$ 
prop]ty1 or (  becom+ a r5t] 9 8 own "n1
 w f9d himself 9 a v awkw>d1  or ev5 a v
 haz>d\s1 situation1 %\ld he lay out 8  
money 9  suppos$ pur*ases1 or 9 build+s1
 et cet]a1 beyond ! asc]ta9$  limits ( !
 t[n ( ,calcutta4 ,my read]s w !re=e    
correct1 9  due "t1 any errone\s        
impressions aris+ f misrepres5tation1 or
  f misconception3 !y mu/1 9 fact1      
ali5ate _! ,briti% op9ions1  & con=m to 
local consid]ations2 dive/+ !mselves ( e
  prepossession1 & view+ our ,indian    

possessions1 n z colonies1 b  z         
conque/s1 ( a peculi> description1 to   
:i* our laws &  privileges are e way    
ei!r unsuitable1 or unwelcome4    ,i    
%all n[ proce$ to ! display ( "s m9uti  
reg>d+ ! out-fit  ( a g5tleman ab\t to  
emb>k 9 a *>t]$ %ip2 obs]v+1 t no       
pass5g] c be receiv$ on bo>d )\t an     
express ord] 9 writ+1  direct$ to !     
capta91 & sign$ by ! secret>y4 ,%\ld an 
impo/or  succe$1 ( :i*1 ,i believe1 no  
in/ance has ev] come to light1 9  obta9+
 a passage to ,india1 by means (        
fictiti\s docum5ts1 he w\ld             
indisputably be detect$ on arrival !re1 
& be subject$ to all !  rigors ( ! law4 
,! sev]al comm&]s ( ! ,company's %ips   
are s  b\nd by agreem5t1 z well z by    
regulations1 n to receive  unau?oriz$   
pass5g]s1 z to leave no op5+ =          
malpractices ( !  above description4    
,! out-fit ( a milit>y pass5g] w        
necess>ily diff]1 9 a few  po9ts1 f t ( 
a p]son proce$+ 9 a civil capacity3     
:i*ev]  may be ! case1 x w be f\nd lea/ 

exp5sive to lay 9 ! :ole (  ! supplies (
 clo?+1 s f> z may be practicable1 f !  
/ock  on h&2 obta9+ any additional      
articles f ^? tradesm5 by :om  ! family 
may h be5 usually furni%$4 ,i _c too    
=cibly  deprecate ! common practice (   
bur!n+ "y folks ) a v>iety  ( useless   
app>el1 c42 ! great] "p ( :i* becomes ! 
p]quisite ( s]vants1 or1 be+ f\nd r a   
bur!n ?an a  conv5i5ce1 is g5]ally ?r[n 
ab\t 9 ! mo/ neglig5t mann]4 ,!  gr&    
object %\ld be to provide :at may be    
effici5t aft] arrival 9  ,india4    ,!  
fir/ po9t = consid]ation is ! quantity &
 ! quality ( !  %irts1 ( :i* n less ?an 
f\r doz5 %\ld be provid$4 ,!y ought  to 
be ( v f9e1 /\t calico1 su* z may be us$
 9 a hot climate1  :]e l95 is p>ticul>ly
 prejudicial to heal?1 ow+ to its feel+ 
cold :5 moi/ ) p]spiration4 ,ab\t a doz5
 ( ! %irts may be (  r a sup]ior        
quality1 & h frills4    ,"u-%irts1 made 
( *equ]$ calico1 ( a mod]ate f95ess1 w  
be  f\nd extremely pleasant1 & pres]ve !
 upp]-%irts f be+  soil$ by contact ) ! 

body3 ( su*1 an equal numb] %\ld be     
made2 if ) sleeves1 & rea*+ to ! hips1  
!y w s]ve =  sleep+ 93 !re %\ld be no   
ties1 nor any op5+1 except = ab\t  eight
 in*es d[n1 on "o side1 f ! neck1 b n 9 
front2 a  button w suffice to keep !    
p>ts toge!r1 aft] ! head has be5  pass$ 
?r\gh4    ,= we> on bo>d-%ip1 no?+ c    
equal pantaloons1 ( :i* two  pairs (    
?ick1 & two ( ?91 %\ld be provid$2      
toge!r ) z  _m pairs ( wove cotton      
long-draw]s1 to we> "u !m4 ,! ?ick  k9ds
 may be mill$ broad clo?1 or wove wor/$2
 ! ?9 ones (  light cord]oy1 alepp9e1 c4
 ,half-/ock+s ( wor/$1 & (  cotton1 w be
 requisite2 a doz5 pairs ( ! =m]1 & ?ree
  doz5 ( ! latt]3 !y w all be f\nd      
useful 9 ,india4 ,two or  ?ree black    
velvet /ocks1 made to tie ) ribbon1 w be
  s]viceable2 &1 z articles 9 great     
reque/ abroad1 ab\t f\r  doz5 (         
neck-h&k]*iefs1 ( v f9e l951 n calico1  
%\ld be  made up3 an equal quantity ( a 
co>s] k9d may be laid 9 = "u  we>4      
,cotton h&k]*iefs1 ( a small size1 su* z

 may be put into a  wai/coat pocket1 w  
be f\nd pref]able3 ( ^!1 full f\r doz52 
!y %\ld be :ite1 ) v neat1 n>r[ bord]s4 
,two good w>m  wai/coats ( wooll5 mu/ be
 provid$1 & ab\t two doz5 ( :ite        
wai/coats1 made ( f9e ,iri% l954        
,bree*es 9 ! same proportion1  & ( !    
same qualities4 ,to we> ) ! latt]1 two  
doz5 pairs (  long cotton /ock+s1 & half
 a doz5 pairs ( %ort1 wove1 cotton      
draw]s1 %\ld be provid$4 ,! /ock+s ought
 to be ( ! be/  quality4 ,a doz5 pairs (
 silk /ock+s w also be useful on arrival
  9 ,india1 :]e !y are extremely sc>ce1 
g5]ally damag$1 & be>  an enorm\s price4
    ,a sub/antial great-coat w1 on _m   
occasions1 be acceptable dur+  ! voyage2
 z w two pairs ( boots1 & z _m ( %oes2  
"o /\t1  ! o!r light1 = %ip we>4    ,i  
_c too =cibly recomm5d t measures be    
left ) ! tailor1  ! %oe & boot-mak]1 !  
hatt]1 c4 9 ord] t regul> supplies  may 
be s5t ye>ly1 or half-ye>ly1 ?r\gh !    
m$ium ( "s fri5d 9  ,london2 :o c\ld get
 all articles ( su* a description %ipp$ 

9 !  privileges ( "s ( ! (fic]s ( !     
,indiam52 ! freight payable  on deliv]y 
at ,calcutta1 ,madras1 or ,bombay1      
respectively4    ,x w be prop] to h two 
or ?ree coats to we> on bo>d-%ip3 two   
%\ld be ( broad clo?1 & "o ( camlet1 or 
"s o!r light /uff3  a w>m dress+ g[n (  
flannel1 ) two light]1 ( pr9t$ l951  w  
be ess5tially s]viceable4    ,hats are s
 v subject to be injur$ on bo>d-%ip1 &1 
inde$1 to be  bl[n ov]bo>d1 t ,i %\ld   
recomm5d b little att5tion to  appe>ance
 9 t article4 ,9 ?is1 z well z 9 mo/ ( !
  =ego+1 a l>ge portion may be suppli$ f
 ! /ock 9 use  previ\s to emb>kation4 ,!
 old say+1 ( #8go+ to sea to we> out    
"o's old clo!s1' has s f> s5se on its   
side1 t :atev] c be  dec5tly worn w be  
f\nd full good en\gh = t purpose4       
,p]sons  :o are gr[+1 %\ld obs]ve !     
precaution ( hav+ e article  ( app>el   
made full l>ge2 else1 by ! "t !y may h  
be5 "s  mon?s at sea1 !y w be put to    
s]i\s inconv5i5ce4 ,x is true1  t few   
%ips sail )\t a tailor on bo>d1 b he is 

n always to  be _h2 be+ g5]ally employ$ 
by ! purs]2 or he may be 9 ! sick  li/1 
c4    ,) respect to lea!r-bree*es1 two  
pairs may be tak5 by ^?  accu/om$ to h>d
 rid+2 ?\gh nanke5 are 9 g5]al use = !  
great] "p ( ! ye>4 ,9 ! cold season1 !  
=m] are extremely  com=table4 ,?ree1 or 
ev5 f\r1 pairs ( boots1 z _m ( %oes1 &  
two r\nd hats1 ( ! be/ quality2 toge!r )
 two be/ coats1 (  ! lighte/ clo?1 or   
k]seym]e1 two wai/coats1 & two pair (   
bree*es1 ( f9e :ite k]seym]e1 %\ld be   
pack$1 ) ! int5tion  ( be+ res]v$ = use 
9 ,india4    ,x may be said1 t tailors1 
%oe-mak]s1 c4 ab\nd 9 ,india2 &1  t e   
article above-m5tion$ may be made up1 or
 be obta9$ !re4  ,! tru? is1 t all      
artizans 9 t qu>t] expect exorbitant    
pr(its1 to enable _! amass+ sums :]e) to
 return to ,europe4  ,! mat]ials are    
likewise mu* de>]2 & _m1 if n all1 ( a v
  inf]ior quality4 ,articles ( ,european
 manufacture1 except :5 !  m>ket is     
absolutely glutt$1 be> full #hj4 &      
occasionally #bjj4 p]  c5t4 advance on !

 prime co/3 add to ?is1 t sometimes     
g5tlem5  are s f> remov$ f _! trades-p1 
:o are by no means  exp$iti\s 9 _! "w1  
&1 if at all exp]t1 h ev] m on h&  ?an  
!y c execute1 z to r5d] x next to       
impracticable = !m to  be suppli$ z !y  
w\ld wi%4    ,) respect to wooll5s1     
boots1 %oes1 c4 ,europe is ! great      
s\rce2  no clo?s be+    manufactur$ 9   
,india1 except a k9d some:at resembl+   
s]ge2 & !  lea!r 9 g5]al use among !    
native cordwa9]s be+ s ill tann$1  t1   
aft] be+ once wet ?r\gh1 :i* is effect$ 
by ! slighte/  exposure to moi/ure1 x   
/ret*es1 los+ its %ape & pliancy1 s z   
to be bo? uncom=table & unsightly4 ,!   
native %oe-mak]s are  c]ta9ly v neat 9  
_! "w1 b1 ow+ to ! badness ( _!         
mat]ials1 _c1 9 ?is case1 be recomm5d$4 
,blankets ( a good quality are sc>ce1 & 
be> an unconscionable price4  ,i %\ld   
recomm5d to e pass5g]1 t he take ?ree ( 
! l>ge/  d\ble mill$1 & "o small] "u    
blanket4 ,he w f9d !m useful  on        
bo>d-%ip2 &1 9 ! cold season1 w n be    

displeas$ to f9d  su* 9 8 possession4   
,_! value 9 ! hotte/ "t ( ! ye>1  :5 !  
w9d is dry1 & cl\ds ( du/ e :]e pass+1  
is  extreme4 ,if a b$ be cov]$ ) two or 
?ree blankets1 at t season1  x w always 
rema9 cool & pleasant4    ,x may be     
suppos$ t calico %eets are n adapt$ to !
 torrid  zone2 & su* is /rictly ! case4 
,accord+ly1 we f9d ! great]  portion (  
,europeans provid$ ) hemp %eet+3 _m g to
 ! exp5ce  ( co>se ,iri% l95 = t        
purpose1 & make _! pill[ cases (  f9e   
,holl&1 or ( a fabric1 call$ grass-clo?1
 import$ f ,*9a1  & said to be made f ! 
small] fibres ( :at is usually call$    
,india-gut1 or we$4 ,:atev] ! mat]ial   
may be1 its smoo?1 glossy  surface1 &   
its disposition to resi/ absorption1 m  
?an any o!r  clo? 9 use1 qualify x      
pre-em95tly = t purpose to :i* we  apply
 x4    ,i %\ld recomm5d t twelve %eets 7
 tak52 ea* =m$ ( "o  bread? ( v f9e     
,russia1 or o!r hemp5 clo?1 & full elev5
 feet  9 l5g?4 ,dur+ ! passage1 !y may  
be us$ 9 t =m2 :i*1 if  !y are full     

ell-wide1 w be f\nd broad en\gh4 ,on    
arrival 9 ,india  !y %\ld be jo9$ two & 
two1 s z to =m ?ree1 in/ead ( six       
pairs4 ,9 reg>d to pill[ cases1 "o = e  
pair ( %eets 9 _!  orig9al /ate1 w      
suffice3 !y %\ld be ( ,iri% l954    ,a  
good mattress made ( horse-hair1 is1 9 !
 ,ea/1 a valuable article4  ,i %\ld     
recomm5d "o made to fit ! cot1 or       
b$-place1 on bo>d-%ip2  :i* w g5]ally be
 f #f ft4 to #f ft4 #b 94 9 l5g?1 & f   
#bb  to #bh 94 9 wid?4 ,?is mattress    
%\ld be fill$ to ! ?ickness (  ne> five 
in*es1 & enclos$ 9 a d\ble case ( !     
/ronge/  tick+3 by ?is means1 on        
arrival1 ! mattress may be ext5d$ to    
d\ble its size1 ) ! *oice/ mat]ials2 !  
hair be+ spread  ?9n]1 & ! tick+ r$uc$ f
 d\ble to s+le4    ,a pill[ fill$ )     
fea!rs is sc>cely to be se5 9 ,india6 ,i
 w\ld1  h[ev]1 recomm5d1 t1 9 lieu ( a  
bol/]1 a pill[ /uff$ )  horsehair %\ld  
be tak51 ) "o fea!r pill[4 ,on bo>d-%ip1
 !  =m] w\ld be f\nd acceptable 9 hot   
wea!r1 :ile ! latt] may be  resort$ to 9

 /ormy latitudes4 ,_! alt]nate          
application1 z  upp]mo/1 w\ld prove     
refre%+ & com=table1 at lea/1 if n      
conducive to salubrity4    ,table clo?s 
c be _h bett]1 & *eap]1 9 ,india ?an 9  
,europe2 z  c t[els1 or napk9s1 also3 x 
w1 h[ev]1 be necess>y to take  ab\t ?ree
 or f\r doz5 ( r l>ge t[els1 ( a ?ick   
/rong  texture4 ,combs ( sorts1 too?1   
nail1 clo!s1 & %oe bru%es1 )  _!        
respective et cet]as1 %\ld n be =gott54 
,soap1 = wa%+  h&s & = %av+1 mu/ be     
tak52 & if ab\t tw5ty or ?irty  p\nds ( 
! pat5t soap1 :i* w wa% ) salt wat]1 be 
laid 91  x may be useful 9 case a few   
articles %\ld1 f necessity1 be  wa%$ on 
bo>d1 & w1 at all ev5ts1 be an          
invaluable pres5t to  any p]sons :o may 
d little jobs1 su* z mak+ ! b$1 clean+  
boots1 c43 to all su*1 soap & pig-tail  
tobacco are m acceptable  ?an ei!r money
 or liquor4--,cut tobacco is n consid]$ 
s valuable2  smok+ be+ next to prohibit$
 9 e %ip4    ,a wa%-h& bason1 ew]1 &    
*amb] ut5sil1 w be requir$3 ^!1  at lea/

 ! fir/ & la/1 %\ld be ( pewt]3 ! ew]   
%\ld be 9  ! =m ( a bottle1 bo? on      
acc\nt ( ! conv5i5ce x (f]s 9  h&l+ x1 &
 because wat] is less liable to be      
spill$ f its  m\?2 a common qu>t bottle 
is no bad sub/itute4 ,ab\t a p\nd ( good
  tea1 & five or six p\nds ( d\ble-ref9$
 sug>1 may be provid$3 9  case (        
indisposition !y may be resort$ to1 )\t 
tr\bl+ !  capta9's s]vants beyond !     
requisition ( "s hot wat]4    ,p]sons   
fond ( %oot+1 w\ld d well to take ) !m  
"o or m  good d\ble-b>rell$ guns1 ) sp>e
 locks1 a good supply ( fl9ts1  & all ! 
necess>y implem5ts = clean+1 c4 9 a v   
solid  wa9scot case1 firmly clamp$ )    
brass at ! corn]s1 lid1 &  bottom4 ,%ot 
is to be _h 9 ,calcutta1 z is gun-p[d]1 
( ! fir/  quality4 ,a good po9t] dog w  
be f\nd highly valuable2 pref]able to  a
 bit*1 :i* r>ely lives 9 t climate aft] 
h] fir/1 or1 at  mo/1 h] second litt]2  
besides1 x is common = ! capta9 &       
(fic]s to expect :atev] pups are born on
 bo>d3 on ! o!r h&1 a  male po9t]1 (    

e/abli%$ bre$ & reputation1 mu/ be      
eag]ly  s\ght by all sportsm51 :o w     
*e]fully give a portion ( its  prog5y to
 ! own]4    ,) respect to milit>y       
p]sons1 ^: app>el & acc\trem5ts _c  be  
asc]ta9$ previ\s to quitt+ ,engl&1 !y   
%\ld conf9e _!  att5tion to lay+ 9 ^?   
mat]ials :i* _c fail ( becom+  useful on
 _! arrival3 ?us1 an (fic] ( infantry   
ought to pur*ase  a few y>ds ( ! be/    
sup]-sup]f9e sc>let broad clo?1 or      
k]seym]e1 = mak+ up 8 regim5tals2 an    
(fic] ( artill]y or (  eng9e]s1 blue1 c4
 ,! :ole e/abli%m5t n be+ exactly uni=m 
9 p>ticul> po9ts1 su* z ! colors ( !    
fac+s1 ! patt]ns (  ! swords1 c4 no?+ c 
be done1 ) propriety1 9 ^? in/ances3    
?is1 h[ev]1 is ! less important1 because
 e cadet is1 on  arriv+ 9 ! c\ntry1 s5t 
to jo9 a corps compos$ ( g5tlem5  "u    
simil> circum/ances1 ab\t sixte5 miles f
 ,calcutta1 9 :i*  he mu/ s]ve = two    
ye>s1 or until judg$ qualifi$ to d duty 
)  ! regim5t to :i* he may /& appo9t$ z 
an ensign4    ,e ?+ 9 ! cutl]y l9e %\ld 

be tak5 f ,engl&2 ! mo/  ess5tial are z 
foll[4 ,two good razors1 9 a case1 ) a  
small /rop1  a small look+ glass1 two or
 ?ree pairs ( scissors1 ( sorts2 two or 
?ree good p5knives1 a rid+ knife1 )     
fleam & pick]1 a pair (  good c>v]s1 a  
doz5 ( table knives & =ks1 ditto (      
dess]t1 all  pla9 bone or ivory h&les2 a
 pocket case ( app>atus = scal+ !  tee?2
 ma!matical in/rum5ts may be includ$ "u 
?is article1 z  may black-lead p5cils ( 
! fir/ quality1 ) colors1 hair p5cils1  
& draw+ & writ+ pap]s2 all ( :i* are    
extremely de> 9  ,india1 &1 accord+ to !
 usual modes ( %ipp+1 r>ely arrive 9    
good condition4    ,a good gold wat*1 ) 
light *a9 & seals1 toge!r ) "s sp>e     
glasses fitt$1 w be indisp5sable4 ,a    
small telescope1 t may be  easily c>ri$ 
9 ! pocket1 w prove amus+ on _m         
occasions1 &1  to a milit>y man1 mu/ ev]
 be rank$ among absolute necess>ies4 ,9 
reg>d to plate1 v little is want$ = a   
s+le g5tleman4 ,six table  spoons1      
twelve tea spoons1 a s\p spoon1 a m>r[  

spoon1 & f\r salt  spoons1 w be f\nd z  
mu* z usually c be requir$2 z w be      
bett] und]/ood :5 ,i come to describe ! 
mann] ( liv+ among  ,europeans4    ,! v 
limit$ space all[$ = ! baggage ( ea*    
pass5g]1  r5d]s x indisp5sably necess>y 
t e article %\ld be pack$  close4 ,_m   
consid] a l>ge sea-*e/ to be useful2 b1 
9 my op9ion1  x is ! wor/ receptacle t  
c\ld be devis$2 especially z x  becomes 
useless on arrival 9 ,india4 ,i %\ld    
/rongly recomm5d f\r  boxes1 well cov]$ 
) lea!r1 & clamp$ ) brass1 measur+  ab\t
 #bf or #bh in*es 9 l5g?1 #ah 9 bread?1 
& #ah 9 dep?4 ,ea*  %\ld h )9 a lift]1 s
 t half its cont5ts may be tak5 out  at 
pleasure1 ! l[] ti] rema9+ undi/urb$4 ,!
 cont5ts ( ea*  "p to be not$ on a piece
 ( /iff pap]1 :i* %\ld be pa/$  )9 !    
lid3 a copy to be writt5 9 a memor&um   
book1 s t !  cont5ts ( ! sev]al boxes   
7:i* %\ld be numb]$ & lett]$  ) !       
proprietor's initials1 ?us1 ,a4,b4_/#a  
,a4,b4_/#b ,a4,b4_/#c ,a4,b4_/#d7 may   
be kn[n )\t op5+ !m4 ,only "o ( ^! ne$  

ev] be 9 use at  a "t2 ! re/ be+ s5t d[n
 into ! aft]-hold2 :i* usually is  op5$ 
once or twice weekly1 on /at$ days1 = ! 
conv5i5ce (  ^? :o may wi% to h access  
to _! packages4    ,i h d]iv$ v         
consid]able conv5i5ce f sort+ all my l95
  into sets3 = in/ance1 a %irt1 an      
und]%irt1 7commonly call$ a  banian17 a 
pair ( /ock+s1 two neck h&k]*iefs1 & a  
pocket  ditto3 ^! ,i roll$ up z tight z 
c\ld be effect$ by manual =ce1  &       
surr\nd$ ) a t[el1 :i*1 be+ p9n$1 kept  
all fa/ &  clean4 ,9 ?is =m my l95 c\ld 
be pack$ 9 a v small space4 ,f\l  l95   
%\ld always be put up 9 ! same mann]4   
,"o box1 conta9+  articles 9 res]ve1    
%\ld be exempt$ f su* z might be        
occasionally want$3 x %\ld be allott$ to
 hats1 silk /ock+s1 be/  coats1 l951    
wai/coats1 c4 ,ea* w occupy ab\t five   
cubic feet2  !re=e1 ! :ole may be       
compris$ 9 half a ton measurem5t4    ,i 
%\ld obs]ve1 t blankets1 c4 n 9 use1 may
 be put "u !  mattress2 &1 t1 if a /&+  
b$-place is 9 "q1 ab\t f\r  y>ds ( co>se

 wooll51 su* z s]ge1 p]pet1 %alloon1 or 
baize1 may  be tak5 on bo>d1 :]e) to    
make a set ( curta9s2 :i*1 9 "s         
situations1 su* z ! /e]age1 w be f\nd n 
only com=table1  b absolutely necess>y4 
,^? :o h be5 on bo>d any coa/+  vessel1 
fitt$ up = ! accommodation ( pass5g]s1 w
 in/antly  accord ) ?is piece ( advice1 
& compreh5d h[ desirable x is  t e box1 
c4 beyond t 9 imm$iate use1 %\ld be     
consign$ to  ! aft]-hold4 ,if m ?an f\r 
trunks %\ld be deem$ necess>y1  !y may  
g5]ally be _h ready made at mo/ ( !     
manufactur]s4 ,!  size describ$ ought n 
to be exce$$1 on acc\nt ( ! facility )  
:i* su* may be susp5d$ 9 sl+s made (    
canvas1 & be c>ri$ on  bullocks1 "o     
trunk on ea* side4 ,too mu* _c be said  
on ?is po9t2  s9ce ! degree (           
compactness an (fic] is able to atta91 w
  g5]ally det]m9e ! quantity he may be  
able to c>ry1 & insure its  e>ly1 z well
 z its safe1 arrival4    ,^? :o are n 9 
! ,company's s]vice1 are left to make ! 
be/  b>ga9 !y c ) ! comm&]s ( !         

,indiam51 & to select su*  %ips = _!    
conveyance z may be/ suit _! views 9    
reg>d to  de/9ation & "t ( sail+4 ,!    
,company1 "s ye>s ago1 issu$  _! ord]s1 
t only c]ta9 /at$ sums 7 to be tak5 by !
  comm&]s ( %ips 9 _! employ1 accord+ to
 ! rank ( pass5g]s  respectively4--,a   
ref]5ce to ! ,,directory w %ew :at 7    
prescrib$1 any trespass on :i* 0 decl>$ 
tantam\nt to an ipso  facto dismissal f 
! s]vice4 ,! regulations =m]ly includ$  
only z f> z majors1 "u ! supposition t  
all above t rank  w\ld indulge 9 ! hire 
( cab9s2 = :i* !y mu/1 ( c\rse1 pay     
extra4 ,! specifi$ sums 7 :at ! ,company
 paid on all occasions  :]e !           
passage-money 0 receivable f _! own     
treasury4    ,h[ev] j & b5evol5t !      
int5tion ( ! ,company evid5tly 02  s9ce 
x s]v$ to protect _! s]vants f          
impositions :i* _h1 on  _m occasions1   
be5 ru9\s to individuals 9 l[           
circum/ances1 &1  9 "s in/ances1 caus$  
!m to apply to ! ,c\rt ( ,directors =   
loans1 to enable _! return+ to ,india2  

/ill1 x _c be d5i$1  t ! /ipulat$ rates 
are by no means adequate comp5sation = !
  v heavy exp5ce a comm&] incurs1 :5    
lay+ 9 /ock = a voyage  g5]ally e/imat$ 
at six mon?s duration4 ,:atev] may be   
paid by  individuals ( ! sev]al classes 
respectively1 ea* inv>iably expects  to 
be receiv$ ) ! same cordiality1 & to    
p>take1 )\t  di/9ction1 ( :atev] ! /ores
 may af=d4    ,x ne$s no argum5t to     
prove1 t a %ip conta9+ a great numb] (  
cadets1 "u ! limit$ rates1 w\ld by no   
means be a ga9+ conc]n  to ! comm&]4    
,h5ce1 ! outw>d voyage is n ! object ( a
  comm&]1 :o1 ev5 "u ! mo/ favorable    
circum/ances1 c\ld n  make any great    
pr(it by 8 pass5g]s2 b1 by 8 lib]al     
treatm5t  ( !m1 he obta9s t "* :i*      
insures him a *oice ( ri*  p]sons       
return+ to ,europe1 :o1 9 ! aggregate1  
r>ely fail to make  up to him = 8 =m]   
tr\ble1 & defici5cy ( pecuni>y b5efit4  
,x is usual to enquire among ! comm&]s z
 to _! probable numb]  ( pass5g]s1 & to 
asc]ta9 ! dates at :i* _! %ips are1     

accord+ to ! arrangem5ts made at !      
,india ,h\se1 to be despat*$4  ,! purs]s
 are commonly employ$ to adju/ ! rates (
 passage1 & to  dispose ( su* cab9s z   
may be int5d$ = ! accommodation (       
pass5g]s4 ,matt]s be+ settl$1 x is      
necess>y to apply to !  secret>y = an   
ord] to be receiv$ on bo>d ! vessel 9   
"q2  :i* ord] is deliv]$ to ! comm&]1 or
 to 8 purs]1 s soon z  obta9$4 ,!       
secret>y likewise furni%es e ,company's 
s]vant )  a c]tificate ( 8 appo9tm5t2 & 
to ea* free-m>9]1 c4 he gives  a lic5ce 
to proce$ to ,india4 ,^! pap]s mu/ be   
c>efully pres]v$1  = deliv]y into !     
(fice ( ! secret>y "u t presid5cy to    
:i* ! p>ty may be de/9$4 ,x is always   
be/ to consign !m to  ! keep+ ( ! purs]4
 ,9 cases ( c]tificates hav+ be5 lo/1   
mu* difficulty has aris51 & all ! p>ties
 h be5 oblig$ to  depose to t effect on 
oa?4    ,i %\ld advise ^? :o are ab\t to
 emb>k1 to cultivate an  acqua9tance ) !
 respective comm&]s4 ,exp]i5ce fully    
e/abli%es1 t civility r>ely fails to    

produce good consequ5ces4 ,x  is        
reasonable to conclude1 t "s previ\s    
acqua9tance mu/ eng5d]  "s good w4 ,!   
capta9s navigat+ "u ! auspices ( !      
,india  ,company1 are m5 :o h se5 mu* ( 
! _w1 & :o r>ely fail  ju/ly to         
appreciate ^? m>ks ( att5tion1 &        
respect1 :i* fl[  volunt>ily f p]sons ) 
:om !y h deal+s4 ,on ! o!r  h&1 x mu/ be
 r uncom=table to g on bo>d a %ip :]e   
all  are total /rang]s2 or1 at ! be/1   
:]e1 p]haps1 ! purs] alone1  & t ) "s   
hesitation & difficulty1 ackn[l$ges ev] 
to h  se5 y\r face6 ,common s5se po9ts  
out t su* is bo? impolitic1 &           
uncom=table4    ,hav+ made a voyage 9 a 
=eign %ip f ,b5gal to ! ,cape1 x may  be
 s]viceable to "s ( my read]s to receive
 a h9t or two reg>d+  ! usage he is     
likely to exp]i5ce1 %\ld he ent]ta9 a   
disposition  to avail himself ( t *annel
 ( conveyance4 ,! detail ne$ n be       
prolix2 = x may ju/ly be ass]t$1 9 few  
words1 t =eign  vessels are r>ely       
sea-wor?y2 !y are badly equipp$1 & worse

  mann$2 _! decks are l[2 _!            
accommodations d>k1 dismal1 &  (f5sive2 
_! wat] execrable2 _! provisions sc>ce &
 bad2 _!  comm&]s ignorant1 av>ici\s1   
mean1 pr\d1 tyrannical1 & deceitful6  ,t
 "s exceptions may exi/1 _c be d5i$2 b  
,i nev] he>d (  "o :o did n1 m or less1 
m]it ! above /igma4    ,look to !       
,company's %ips1 & see ! rev]se6 ,! tru?
 is1 t 9  !m we f9d mo/ ( ^? good po9ts 
t are e/abli%$ 9 ! ,royal  navy1 add$ to
 mu* desire 9 _! comm&]s to be on a     
fri5dly  foot+ ) ! pass5g]s2 :ile1 ,i   
believe1 !re is no d\bt t1  9 ! end1 _! 
t]ms are m mod]ate ?an ^? ( any =eign]s4
    ,if ! circum/ances ( a pass5g] %\ld 
enable him to hire a cab91  8 com=t w be
 increas$ inconceivably1 ev5 ?\gh he    
%\ld h  b>ely room en\gh to sw+ a cot1  
or to put up a /&+ b$4 ,b1  t he may n  
deceive himself 9 respect to !          
accommodation he is to  d]ive f su* a   
retirem5t1 x w\ld be prop] = him to pay 
a visit  to ! vessel :ile ly+ 9 ! riv]1 
probably at ,graves5d1 or !  ,hope1 &   

!re to asc]ta9 ! exact dim5sions he is  
to occupy4 ,x is  an object1 if he uses 
a sw++ cot1 t ! bread? ( ! cab9  %\ld be
 su* z to all[ ( its be+ tric$ up betwe5
 ! beams  dur+ ! daytime2 !reby to h x  
out ( ! way1 & to give m  space 9 !     
cab94 ,:5 susp5d$1 x %\ld be l5g?wise2 s
 t1 z  ! %ip rolls1 or lays d[n on ei!r 
side1 ! cot %\ld sw+ ev54  ,:5 hung     
a?w>t-%ips1 unless ! cab9 be v broad1 x 
w\ld be  p]petually knock+ aga9/ !      
bulk-head 7or p>tition71 & !  %ip's     
side4 ,h5ce x is advisable1 :]ev] !     
space may admit1 to  make a /&+ b$-place
 =e & aft1 furni%+ x ) rails1 to  keep !
 occupant f roll+ out2 =1 if x be made  
a?w>t-%ips1  & ! vessel be work+ aga9/  
an adv]se w9d1 he mu/1 :5ev] !  %ip goes
 ab\t1 *ange ! position ( 8 pill[1 f    
head to foot  alt]nately4    ,9         
peaceable times1 cab9s are ord9>ily     
con/ruct$ ( wood5  p>titions1 & h a     
door1 ) lock1 c4 v complete2 b1 dur+  w>
 "t1 x is usual to make !m ( canvass1   
fix$ to ! beams above1  & roll+ up      

!reto1 :5ev] ! vessel may be cle>$ =    
action4  ,"s cab9s include a port-hole1 
:i*1 9 l>ge %ips1 is peculi>ly          
com=table2 especially "u ! ,l9e1 :5 a   
curr5t ( air is  invaluable2 b1 9 bad   
wea!r1 :5 ! port is %ut1 ^? cab9s  t h  
only skuttles1 ab\t "o-f\r? ! size ( a  
port-hole1  become pref]able2 especially
 :5 !y are provid$ ) glass  %utt]s2 :i* 
c be at any "t made by ! %ip's c>p5t]1  
if n  previ\sly atta*$4 ,! skuttles be+ 
high] up 9 ! side ( !  vessel1 & ne>] to
 ! deck above ! cab91 are well calculat$
 =  all[+ r>efi$ air1 :i* w\ld float    
above ! level ( a port-hole1  to escape4
 ,!y are usually plac$ at int]vals      
betwe5 ! ports4 ,:5  a cab9 is built s z
 to include a port1 ! gun app]ta9+ !reto
  is commonly s5t =w>d1 & la%$ up to !  
%ip's side1 ! muzzle  po9t+ =w>d2 b1 on 
em]g5cy1 ! cab9 is knock$ d[n1 & !  gun 
is run into its place4 ,h5ce1 ea* k9d ( 
cab9 has its advantages1  &             
disadvantages4    ,! "r side ( ! %ip1 f 
/em to /]n is call$ !  />bo>d2 ! left   

side is call$ ! l>bo>d3 ! l9e on :i*  ! 
ma/ /&s1 i4e4 /raight ov] ! keel1       
divides !m4 ,!  />bo>d1 9 mo/ modes (   
apply+ ! t]m1 implies sup]iority ov]  ! 
l>bo>d4 ,?us ! *ief mate has 8 cab91 :i*
 is usually #ab or  #ad feet long1 by   
#aj or #ab 9 bread?1 next to ! great    
cab91 on !  />bo>d side ( ! gun-deck4 ,!
 second mate has "o r small]1  on !     
opposite1 or l>bo>d side4 ,!n1 aga91 !  
?ird mate on !  />bo>d side1 imm$iately 
be=e ! *ief mate's2 next be=e him !     
f\r? mate2 :ile ! surgeon & purs]       
usually h _! cab9s on  ! l>bo>d side1   
next be=e ! second mate's4    ,:at is   
call$ ! #8great-cab91' is a slip tak5 (f
 across ! /]n  ( a %ip1 on ! gun-deck1  
ab\t #ad feet deep1 leav+ a passage on !
  l>bo>d side t ! pass5g]s & (fic]s may 
h access to !  qu>t]-gall]y1 or privy1  
on t qu>t]4 ,! great-cab9 includes all  
! /]n w9d[s1 !re=e1 is extremely light &
 airy2 b1 on !  o!r h&1 its situation is
 r disadvantage\s to ^? :o are  tr\bl$ )
 habitual sea-sickness4 ,! b[s & ! /]n  

p>take1 9  an accumulat$ ratio1 ( !     
%ip's motion1 z %e pit*es2 t is1 z  %e  
rises & s9ks1 alt]nately1 at ! head &   
/]n2 consequ5tly1  ! c5tre ( e vessel is
 ! "p lea/ subject to agitation4    ,!  
capta9 occupies1 9 g5]al1 a cab9 call$ !
 #8/ate-room1'  situat$ "u ! =e "p ( !  
poop1 on ! />bo>d side1 ) a  glass door 
t[>ds ! qu>t]-deck3 its dim5sions1 z    
well ( ^? (  all ! cab9s already        
describ$1 v>y accord+ to ! %ip's        
tonnage1  b may be tak5 at ab\t #ae or  
#af feet squ>e3 ! space includ+ x1  & ! 
l>bo>d side "u ! same p>allel1 is call$ 
! #8cuddy2'  :ile all beh9d is designat$
 ! #8r\nd-h\se2' & has a r[ ( glass     
w9d[s 9 ! /]n "p1 ) two doors op5+ into 
!  #8/]n-gall]y3' a flight ( /eps1 r    
conf9$ to be sure1 s]ves  z a           
communication1 by means ( ! />bo>d      
qu>t]-gall]y1 ) !  great-cab94 ,^! /eps1
 "u :i* is a privy1 are p>ticul>ly      
conv5i5t to ladies1 :o usually h !      
/>bo>d side ( !  great-cab9 allott$ to  
_! accommodation4 ,:5 ! pass5g]s are  v 

num]\s1 especially :5 _m families are on
 bo>d1 !  r\nd-h\se is p>tition$ (f into
 ?ree or m cab9s2 ! l>bo>d              
qu>t]-gall]y1 on ! upp] deck1 hav+ also 
a privy4 ,9 su* case1  ! d9n] table is  
laid 9 ! cuddy1 in/ead ( ! r\nd-h\se2 b1
  z x is r>ely spaci\s en\gh to all[ !  
:ole to sit d[n at !  same "t1 ! company
 are1 commonly1 divid$ into two p>ties1 
succe$+ ea* o!r e day alt]nately4    ,! 
sums paid = cab9s entirely dep5d ^u !   
dem&1 _! size1  ! %ip's de/9ation1 & !  
circum/ances ( ! p]son sell+ 8          
accommodations4 ,! sev]al portions ( !  
r\nd-h\se & great-cab91  bo? ( :i* are  
consid]$ ! capta9's prop]ty1 ( c\rse are
 paid  = 9 proportion to _! respective  
dim5sions3 x may1 h[ev]1 be  tak5 z "s  
guide1 t1 outw>d b\nd1 a slip1 includ+  
"o w9d[1  may produce f #bjj4 to #cjj42 
& t ! sev]al mates' cab9s may  be av]ag$
 at f #c4 to #e4 = e squ>e foot ( !     
enclos$  area4 ,homew>d b\nd1 on acc\nt 
( ! numb] ( *ildr5 & s]vants  %ipp$ ) a 
family1 ! rates are yet high]3 ,i h     

kn[n1 m ?an  once1 ! :ole ( a great cab9
 let = #b1ejj46    ,!re be+ an ess5tial 
diff]5ce 9 ! com=t af=d$ by hav+  ei!r a
 cot or a fix$ b$-place1 x may be       
acceptable to my read]s to  be in=m$ (  
"s m9uti atta*$ to ^? conv5i5ces        
respectively4  ,a cot is an oblong case 
( canvas1 hav+ a deal frame at ! bottom1
  ) a canvas sack+ well /ra9$2 ! ends   
are furni%$ ) small  cords1 call$       
nettles1 :i* pass r\nd an iron ?imble1  
or grummet2  & ^? aga9 are pass$ ov] two
 /rong hooks1 plac$ ab\t sev5  feet     
asund]1 =e & aft1 :]eby ! cot is        
susp5d$4 ,dur+ ! day  "t1 a cot is      
commonly tak5 d[n1 & dispos$ ( 9 "s "p  
:]e  x may1 s f> z ! means all[1 be out 
( ! way3 ! be/ mode is  to trice x up   
betwe5 ! beams t support ! sup]ior deck4
 ,9 ?is  k9d ( b$1 ! motion ( ! %ip is  
sc>cely felt1 unless %e is  act$ ^u by a
 v %ort1 brok5 sea2 ! cot always pres]v+
 its  level3 h5ce1 ^? :o are mu* tr\bl$ 
) sea-sickness %\ld  always provide a   
sw++ cot2 tak+ c>e to hang x 9 su* a    

place z  may preclude ! dang] ( its be+ 
bump$ aga9/ ! %ip's sides1 or  !        
bulk-head1 7i4e4 a bo>d$ p>tition17 ?an 
:i* no?+ c be  m unpleasant4 ,i h sev]al
 times be5 cant$ completely out ( my    
cot1 ow+ to ! want ( space at its sides4
 ,9 v bad wea!r1 :5  ! %ip has roll$ _m 
/reaks ( h] deck "u wat]1 ! frame (  my 
cot has be5 =cibly da%$ aga9/ ! beams3  
at su* times1 if !  wid? ( ! space      
admits1 x is prop] to l5g!n ! nettles to
 _!  utmo/3 :]eby su* inconv5i5ce may   
g5]ally be obviat$4    ,a /&+ b$-place  
is s f> conv5i5t1 t ! necessity =       
remov+ 9 ! morn+1 & affix+ at night1 is 
done away2 :]eby  ! b$-furniture is     
greatly pres]v$ f fil? & injury3        
besides1  its occupant c #8turn 9' :5ev]
 he pleases1 & has ! satisfaction  (    
kn[+ t 8 trunk is1 by be+ "u him1 secur$
 f damage1  z well z f depr$ation2 :]eas
 p]sons :o sleep 9 cots (t5  exp]i5ce   
consid]able inconv5i5ce 9 ^? p>ticul>s4 
,^? :o  h fix$ b$-places 9 ! l>bo>d     
division ( ! great-cab91 are  by f> m   

privately1 & m com=tably1 situat$ ?an   
su* z h  !m 9 ! /e]age1 rang+ along !   
bulk-head ( ! *ief mate's  cab93 9 ei!r 
case1 !re are always two ti]s1 or       
ranges1 (  b$-places1 "o above ! o!r2 ! 
l[] are c]ta9ly mo/  conv5i5t4    ,z    
priority ( emb>kation1 or at lea/ (     
adju/m5t1 gives a "r to  selection1 x is
 advisable to visit ! %ip s soon z an   
ord] =  be+ tak5 on bo>d is obta9$2 :5 a
 *oice %\ld be made z to !  situation ( 
a b$-place2 ^? ( ! l[] ti]1 ne>e/ ! /]n 
w9d[s 9 ! great cab91 are to be pref]r$1
 !y be+ bo? m  airy1 & m light3 ! latt] 
w be f\nd an object to ^? :o  are       
/udi\s1 or p>tial to read+ 9 b$1 :i*1 on
 bo>d-%ip1 is  held to be a mo/         
delectable recreation4    ,9 adju/+ ) ! 
capta91 or 8 purs]1 x is prop] to be v  
exact 9 /ipulat+ = a b]? 9 ! great-cab92
 & x w\ld be z  well to notice !        
conv5i5ces to be af=d$1 9 ! body ( !    
receipt giv5 = ! passage-money4 ,n t ,i 
w\ld lead to !  supposition ( deceptions
 be+ practis$ int5tionally2 b1 9 !      

hurry ( bus9ess ( consid]able           
importance1 su* less] items w           
occasionally slip ! memory1 giv+ bir? to
 disagreem5ts :i* n  only are att5d$ )  
future di/ru/1 b may1 p]haps1 be beyond 
!  possibility ( rem$y4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 
be consid]$ t a  b$-place 9 !           
great-cab91 :i* g5]ally is fitt$ up =   
eight1  or1 at ! utmo/1 = twelve1 w be  
*>g$ some:at high] ?an "o  9 ! /e]age2 !
 latt] be+ an op5 passage1 totally      
devoid (  privacy1 expos$ to viol5t     
curr5ts ( air1 n always ( ! sweete/1  & 
subject to _m obvi\s inconv5i5ces4      
,among ! %ip's company1 two or ?ree m51 
or boys1 are usually excus$  ! g5]al    
duty ( ! %ip1 = ! purpose ( att5d+ !    
pass5g]s3 :5 o!r matt]s are settl+ on   
bo>d1 c>e %\ld be  tak5 to engage "o (  
^! att5dants to d all ! "w 9 ! cab91  if
 "o is hir$2 namely1 to clean boots &   
%oes1 bru% clo!s1 clean  ! basons1      
provide hot & cold wat]1 att5d to !     
boxes 9 ! hold2  ) a v>iety ( et cet]as 
:i* w soon obtrude into notice4 ,=  su* 

good (fices1 ab\t ?ree or f\r gu9eas w  
be expect$2 b x  mu/ n be suppos$ t1 =  
su* a comp5sation1 a man w devote  8    
:ole "t to "o pass5g]2 nor1 inde$1 is x 
necess>y t he  %\ld1 s9ce an active1    
intellig5t fell[1 :o has be5 us$ to su* 
m5ial (fices1 may1 ) great ease1 give   
satisfaction to at lea/ f\r  or five4   
,:5 su* an aid _c be obta9$1 on acc\nt (
 ! sc>city  ( h&s on bo>d1 a d\ceur to  
any ( ! mates' s]vants w answ]  e       
purpose1 besides probably giv+ !        
advantage ( be+ s]v$ by  "o p]fectly    
conv]sant ) %ip affairs1 & possess+ "s  
influ5ce ) ! capta9's /ew>d2 ) :om ,i   
humbly recomm5d to  all pass5g]s t !y   
keep on good t]ms2 he be+ no small man 9
  8 way1 & hav+ ! p[] to af=d _m        
conv5i5ces1 :i*1 ?\gh  9 ! e/imation (  
folks on %ore app>5tly insignificant1   
are1  nev]!less1 ( consid]able value to 
^? unaccu/om$ to a sea-life1  & coop$ up
 = mon?s )9 su* n>r[ limits6    ,?is    
reflection leads me naturally to !      
consid]ation ( t l9e (  conduct :i*     

%\ld1 on all occasions1 be ma9ta9$ by ^?
 :o wi%  to pass _! "t z agreeably z    
circum/ances w admit1 & to  appe>       
respectable4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! capta9 w
 exact f  e "o on bo>d1 ( :atev] class1 
a p]fect att5tion to !  regulations ( 8 
%ip3 7 he to all[ any deviation1 ! :ole 
w\ld  be aim+ at ! same indulg5ce1 &    
subord9ation w\ld be  annihilat$6 ,x is 
cu/om>y1 :5ev] a p]son asc5ds f !       
gun-deck to ! qu>t]-deck1 or goes ^u x f
 ! cuddy1 c4 to  t\* 8 hat2 ev5 ?\gh no 
"o %\ld appe> !re3 a brea* ( ?is  rule  
w\ld be consid]$ grossly insult+1 &     
might induce to rebuke1  by no means    
pleasant to ! feel+s1 or add+ to !      
cr$it1 ( a  g5tleman4 ,:5 x is consid]$ 
) :at a high h& ! (fic]s (  %ips are    
oblig$ to uphold _! au?ority1 ov] a     
num]\s crew  compos$ ( all nations1 &   
(t5 includ+ ! mo/ h>d5$ &  d>+ culprits1
 we _c b applaud e practice t5d+ to     
pres]ve ord]1 regul>ity1 & decorum4     
,! h\r = breakfa/ may be g5]ally /at$ to
 be eight1 = d9n]  two1 = tea six1 & =  

supp] n9e4 ,! fir/ is ann\nc$ by !      
great bell on ! =e-ca/le1 :i* always r+s
 a sonor\s peal :5  ! wat*1 or gu>d1 is 
to be reliev$3 tea-"t is kn[n by ! same 
signal4 ,z ! d9n] h\r does n correspond 
) ! relief ( !  wat*1 x is usual to w>n 
! pass5g]s & (fic]s by beat ( drum3  !  
tune ( #8,roa/-beef' be+ daily he>d1    
?\gh x r>ely leads to a  p>ticipation ( 
t vi& :5ce its designation is d]iv$4 ,v 
little notice is requir$ to call toge!r 
^? :o are dispos$ to  p>take ( supp]3 = 
! mo/ "p1 ! company amuse !mselves )    
c>ds1 music1 c4 dur+ ! ev5+s2 or1 :5 !  
wea!r admits1 walk  ! qu>t]-deck2 obs]v+
 to keep on ! w9dw>d side2 :i* is held  
to be ! privilege only ( ! capta91 !    
?ree s5ior mates1 !  purs]1 ! surgeon1 &
 ^? pass5g]s :o bo>d at ! capta9's      
table4    ,al?\gh no?+ v sumptu\s is to 
be expect$ on bo>d-%ip1 yet  !re w be   
little or no cause to compla9 (         
defici5cy4 ,!  breakfa/ ord9>ily consi/s
 ( good tea & c(fee1 ) excell5t         
biscuit1 &1 at times1 rolls2 :i*1 z well

 z e species (  leav5$ bread1 come "u ! 
m>9e designation ( #8s(t-tommy4' ,!     
butt]1 to be sure1 is n to be boa/$ (2 x
 be+ utt]ly impossible  to prev5t its   
melt+1 s z to resemble liquid honey4    
,x be+ /udi$ to take on bo>d z mu* fre% 
meat z possible1 at !  "t ( sail+1 "s   
jo9ts ( good beef & mutton may be s]v$  
up  = ! fir/ week2 aft] :i* ! #8corn$'  
7or slightly salt$7 meat  comes into    
use4 ,! ample supply ( p\ltry1 ( all    
descriptions1 f$ 9  coops on ! poop1 & a
 small flock ( %eep1 p]haps f tw5ty-five
  to =ty 9 numb]1 ma9ta9$ !re on hay1 c4
 enable ! capta91 =  ! mo/ "p1 to       
exhibit fre% meat1 ( "s sort1 e day2 :i*
  add$ to abundance ( prime beef & pork 
= 8 use1 toge!r )  tongues1 pickles1    
sauces ( all k9ds1 potatoes1 rice1      
pa/ry1 olives1  c4 c4 =m a t\t ensemble1
 :]e ev5 ! mo/ da9ty may f9d  some?+    
acceptable to ! palate4    ,x _c be     
suppos$1 t w9e is s freely disp5s$1 z :5
 on  %ore2 ! ladies1 h[ev]1 are g5]ally 
suppli$ ) z mu* z !y  may require dur+ !

 repa/2 aft] ! clo? is remov$1 ! bottle 
is  put r\nd two or ?ree times1 accord+ 
to ! lib]ality ( !  comm&]4 ,! la/ t\r x
 makes be+ accompani$ ) #8good          
aft]noon' s]ves z a h9t = ! g5tlem5 to  
)draw1 until !  h\r = tea2 :51 z already
 obs]v$1 !y frequ5tly amuse  !mselves   
until supp] is ready4    ,?is la/ meal  
is little m ?an a matt] ( =m2 x consi/s 
*iefly  ( *eese & biscuits1 rasp$ beef1 
sago-s\p1 lobs k\s1 :i* is a  curi\s    
m$ley ( v>i\s +r$i5ts1 =m+ some?+ midway
 betwe5  wat]-gruel & peas-s\p4 ,"o t\r 
( ! bottle1 att5d$ ) #8good  night1'    
closes ! op]ations ( ! day4    ,! wat]  
tak5 on bo>d be+ /rongly impregnat$ )   
fil?1 (  v>i\s k9ds & colors1 soon      
becomes s nause\s z to be utt]ly  unfit 
= ! use ( delicate p]sons3 ! quantity ( 
animalcul x  conta9s c\ld n be cr$it$ by
 a p]son :o _h n se5 x6 ,on ?is  acc\nt1
 sev]al filt]+-/ones are us$1 ?r\gh :i* 
! wat]  f9ds a passage1 leav+ !         
impurities beh9d4 ,?is p]colation is1   
h[ev]1 extremely t$i\s1 & does n        

entirely remove ! ta9t2  ?\gh x assur$ly
 s f> sweet5s x z to r5d] ! wat] v      
dr9kable4 ,! fecula left 9 ! holl[ ( !  
drip-/one1 are  p]fectly putrid4    ,!  
ord9>y bev]age is table be]1 or p]haps  
port]3 9 w>m wea!r  excell5t spruce be] 
ab\nds2 sometimes1 inde$1 ! :ole crew   
are  suppli$ ) f "o to two qu>ts daily4 
,nor is ! pun*-b[l  susp5d$ = empty %ew6
 ,by means ( prep>$ lemon-juice1 aid$ by
 a  good /ock ( ! fre% fruit1 c>efully  
susp5d$ 9 nets 9 !  /]n-gall]y1 c4 good 
pun*1 lemonade1 & negus1 are (t5 s]v$ to
  ! company4    ,i /rongly recomm5d1 t  
all "y p]sons %\ld be emb>k$ at         
,graves5d1 or ! ,nore2 9 pref]5ce to be+
 tak5 on ,bo>d at  ,portsm\?2 by t means
 !y become settl$ be=e ! g5]ality (     
pass5g]s arrive1 & escape t             
indescribable confusion att5dant  ^u !  
sudd5 influx ( :ole hoys full ( dead &  
live lumb]6 ,=  su* !y appe> :5         
int]rupt+ ! sev]al op]ations att5dant ^u
  a vessel's gett+ "u weigh4 ,^? :o     
purpose delay+ to ! la/  mom5t1 %\ld    

leave _! c>ds ( address ) ! purs]1 tak+ 
c>e  n to be f> f home1 t he may1 :5    
proce$+ to ! ,india-,h\se  to receive ! 
packets1 s5d notice ( 8 be+ ab\t to quit
 t[n4 ,on  receipt ( su* notice1 no "t  
mu/ be lo/ 9 repair+ to t port  :]e !   
vessel may be2 9 be+ cu/om>y to sail s  
soon z !  purs] gets on bo>d4 ,half an  
h\r's delay has prov$ ! loss ( _m a     
passage4    ,! great numb] ( %ips       
employ$ 9 ! ,india trade1 occasions s   
frequ5t an int]c\rse1 t sc>cely two     
mon?s ev] elapse )\t  "o or m be+       
despat*$ to "s "p ( ,india4 ,unless "u v
  peculi> & press+ circum/ances1 x is   
inadvisable to proce$ 9 any  n b\nd to t
 "p :i!r ! pass5g] is de/9$3 =1 al?\gh  
x appe>s1 on pap]1 v easy to get f      
,madras1 = in/ance1 to  ,b5gal1 su* w n 
always be practicable2 & s great a delay
 may  elapse z %\ld all[ a vessel b\nd  
to ,b5gal1 sail+ p]haps a mon?  or two  
subsequ5t to t proce$+ to ,madras1 to   
arrive at h] port  be=e ! means might   
(f] ( gett+ on f ,madras4 ,add to ?is1  

t freight & passage-money are inf9itely 
high] 9 ,india ?an 9  ,europe2 :i*1     
comb9$ ) ! heavy exp5ce att5dant ^u long
  det5tion on %ore1 w\ld prove !        
economy1 z well z ! spe$1 to be  on !   
o!r side ( ! "q4    ,! "t ( sail+ w1 "u 
common circum/ances1 decide ! "t (      
arrival4 ,%ips leav+ ,engl&1 t is1 !    
,l&'s ,end1 9 all ,april1  may be       
expect$ to arrive at ,madras 9 all      
,septemb]2 :51 if n  delay$1 !y may run 
up ! ,bay 9 a week m1 ) great ease4 ,z !
  nor!rly monsoon (t5 beg9s to prevail 9
 ,octob]1 occasion+ %ips  to /ret* ov]  
t[>ds ,a*e5-head1 :]eby f f\r to six    
weeks w  be lo/ 9 gett+ to ,balasore    
,roads1 x is r advisable n to sail  lat]
 ?an ,m>*1 if at lib]ty to *oose !      
season4 ,by s do+1 !  arrival w take    
place at a "t :5 ! great heats are ov]1 
& !  cold wea!r is approa*+3 two po9ts n
 only eligible z !y relate  to heal?1 b 
to society also4 ,! e>ly1 or late1      
arrivals ( su*  writ]s & cadets1 z are  
appo9t$ = ! same ye>1 make no  diff]5ce 

:atev] 9 ! rank !y are relatively to    
be>2 t be+  det]m9$ by a g5]al li/      
transmitt$ by ! ,directors1 g5]ally 9  !
 la/ %ip ( t season4 ,! pay1 h[ev]1 is  
calculat$ f !  date ( pres5t+ !         
c]tificate1 be=e spok5 (1 at ! prop]    
(fice4    ,! p]iod ( sail+ w g5]ally    
indicate ! wea!r :i* may be  expect$    
dur+ ! :ole passage4 ,su* z leave !     
pilot 9 ! spr+  w r\nd ! ,cape ( ,good  
,hope ab\t ,:itsuntide or ,midsumm]1 :5 
w9t] prevails 9 t ,qu>t]2 x be+ 9 #cd   
s\? latitude3  advanc+ to ! nor?w>d1 !y 
w meet ) ! trade-w9ds f !  tropic t[>ds 
! ,l9e1 :]e1 9 all probability1 light & 
v>iable  w9ds may cause "s delay4 ,%ips 
leav+ ,engl& 9 our autumn1 r\nd  ! ,cape
 at _! ,midsumm]1 & rea* ,madras g5]ally
 9 f eighte5  to tw5ty weeks2 c>ry+     
fair1 b w>m1 wea!r all ! way4 ,if !y    
arrive ab\t ! middle1 or latt] end (    
,m>*1 !y may1 by rema9+  = a few days1  
until ! s\!rly monsoon is fairly        
e/abli%$1  sometimes rea* ! s&-heads 9  
,balasore ,roads 9 ?ree or f\r days4    

,?is is obvi\sly pref]able to runn+ ov] 
to ! ea/w>d4    ,i "k no?+ m unpleasant 
?an be+ w9d-b\nd6 ,nor1 inde$1 c  !re be
 well conceiv$ a m c]ta9 recipe = dra9+ 
! purse6  ,! pass5g] mu/ n suppose t1   
aft] hav+ repair$ to t port  :]e ! %ip  
rides1 he is at lib]ty to g on bo>d     
in/antly1 & to  rema9 until %e sails4   
,on ! contr>y1 ?\gh he %\ld n fail to   
intimate 8 arrival1 & to leave 8 c>d (  
address1 he mu/ put up  at "s inn1 or   
lodg+-h\se1 at 8 own exp5ce1 until !    
signal may  be made = sail+1 by fir+ a  
gun1 & loos5+ ! =e top-sail1  by t %ip  
"u ^: convoy a fleet is to sail2 or1 if 
!re be no  convoy1 by ! s5ior capta92 :o
 is1 by c\rtesy1 designat$              
#8,commodore4'    ,! ,c\rt ( ,directors 
h1 latt]ly1 9 consid]ation ( ! inability
  ( _! junior s]vants to pay ! heavy    
*>ges to :i* !y are  subject :ile 9     
port1 giv5 an extra sum to ! comm&]s (  
_!  %ips = ea* cadet's diet 9 su*       
situations4 ,?is 0 no less  necess>y ?an
 consid]ate4 ,x w h be5 se51 t p]sons   

go+  out 9 ! civil s]vice h few]        
/ipulations 9 _! favor2 =  :i* !        
presumptive reason is1 t !y are commonly
 ! sons (  g5tlem5 possess+ l>ge        
prop]ty3 ! sum ( #cjjj4 hav+ be5 s  (t5 
giv5 = writ]-%ips1 seems to indicate t v
 little  occasion c\ld exi/ = int]f]5ce 
9 _! behalf4    ,:5 a %ip arrives at any
 regul> port1 :]e accommodations c be   
_h1 ! pass5g]s are1 9 l mann]1 expect$  
to reside on %ore1 at  _! own *>ge4     
,su*1 to _m1 may appe> unreasonable1 or 
/range2  b1 :5 x is consid]$ to :at     
heavy losses a comm&] might else  be    
subject1 :i*1 divid$ among a numb]1 w\ld
 appe> trifl+1 &1  at all ev5ts1 n prove
 ru9\s1 ! propriety ( su* a rule w n  be
 disput$4 ,?is explanation may s]ve z a 
h9t to p>5ts1 &  gu>dians1 n to %ip "y  
folks 9 =ma paup]is1 "u !  prud5t1 b "h 
inapplicable1 precaution1 ( tak+ away ! 
means (  be+ extravagant4 ,em]g5cies (t5
 arise1 :]e9 a few gu9eas are           
indisp5sably necess>y2 &1 z few g to sea
 ) m ca% ?an  ord9>y exp5ces may dem&1 x

 is n easy to rem$y ! error4    ,:]e a  
"y man has e/abli%$ 8 "* = imprud5ce1 ! 
only  rec\rse is to place a few gu9eas1 
say f tw5ty to ?irty1 9 !  h&s ( !      
capta91 or ! purs]1 ) directions to     
supply :at may  be absolutely requir$1 r
 9 =m ( a loan2 keep+ ! y\? 9  ignorance
 ( 8 hav+ a bank] on bo>d1 & giv+ him1  
at tak+  leave1 p]haps five or six      
gu9eas1 9 ord] to c>ry on ! deception4  
,:5 x is kn[n t no %op ( any k9d exi/s 9
 a %ip1 7except+  ! purs]'s slop-%op17  
we mu/ conclude !re c be little         
opportunity = extravagance3 ! pr9cipal  
dang] is to be appreh5d$  f gam+1 :i* 9 
"s %ips rea*es to a dreadful ext5t2     
always  creat+ difficulty1 & r>ely      
t]m9at+ )\t blood%$4 ,?is1  add$ to     
emulation = ! favorable op9ion ( !      
ladies1 may be  consid]$ ! usual causes 
( discord4 ,! latt] is1 9 a great       
measure1 re/ra9$ by t cu/om :i* fixes e 
pass5g] to !  same seat at table dur+ ! 
:ole voyage2 :]eby daily conte/s =      
vic9ity are avoid$4    ,! numb] (       

accid5ts t h happ5$ f trivial causes1   
r5d]s  x necess>y to be extremely       
cauti\s 9 reg>d to smok+2 :i* 9 all  m5 
( w>1 & ,india-%ips1 is p]mitt$ only on 
! =e-ca/le4 ,by  ?is means dang] is     
avoid$1 & ! /5* c>ri$ away4 ,x is to be 
lam5t$ t s prop] a regulation is n      
obs]v$ ?r\gh\t !  m]*ant s]vice2 9 :i* s
 mu* c>elessness prevails1 t x  appe>s  
to me miracul\s s _m vessels arrive 9   
safety4 ,on my return  f ,india1 ,i     
emb>k$ at ,/4 ,hel5a on bo>d a :al]1 (  
:i* !  capta9 _h a /rong pr$ilection = 8
 pipe1 :i* 0 sc>cely ev]  out ( 8 m\?4  
,8 practice 01 to smoke 9 ! cab9 :]e we 
d9$1 ?r[+ 8 hot a%es d[n ^u ! deck1 9   
:i* 0 a  skuttle1 or small hat*way1 "u 8
 own seat4 ,two lieut5ants ( !  navy1 :o
 7 fell[-pass5g]s1 us$ to remon/rate v  
freely1 b  )\t ! smalle/ effect1 aga9/ s
 improp] a practice4    ,x happ5$1 "o   
morn+1 z we 7 (f ! ,azores1 t a         
suspici\s-look+ vessel hove 9 sight1    
lay+-to "u close reef$  top-sails3 we   
alt]$ our c\rse1 & 7 imm$iately *as$4   

,hav+ at  lea/ =ty-five "y fell[s1 &    
ab\t a doz5 six-p\nd]s1 on  bo>d1 we    
cle>$ %ip = action4 ,imag9e :at 0 our   
surprise at  f9d+ t1 "u ! id5tical      
hat*way1 ov] :i* our capta9 _h  be5     
p]petually smok+1 0 a magaz9e ( ab\t    
?irty b>rels (  gun-p[d]2 "s hoop$ 91 & 
"s hav+ _! *imes b>ely cov]+  _! cont5ts
 :i* prov$ to be ready-fill$ c>tridges6 
,i conceive x  w\ld h be5 utt]ly        
impossible1 if ! vessel 9 *ace _h prov$ 
an  enemy1 & t we _h be5 compell$ to    
def5d our %ip1 to h  avoid$ be+ bl[n up6
    ,_m are 9 ! habit ( read+ by c&le   
light 9 _! b$s3 ?is  only requires to be
 kn[n to ! (fic]s1 to be completely     
ov]rul$2  nor w !y1 unless 9 cases (    
indisposition1 all[ a c&le to be  burn+ 
aft] ! pass5g]s h g5]ally retir$ to re/4
 ,h5ce1 only  a few wax tap]s1 or       
b\gies1 c be requisite4 ,:5 x is        
consid]$1  t a %ip is compos$ ( mat]ials
 = ! *ief "p highly  combu/ible1 &1 t 9 
su* a situation a fire spreads )        
a/oni%+ rapidity1 defy+ ! ex]tions ( all

 on bo>d2 also1 t  !re is little *ance (
 _m lives be+ sav$1 unless o!r vessels  
may be 9 company2 we ought assur$ly to  
adopt e means ( gu>d+  aga9/ s t]rible a
 calamity6    ,mo/ %ips h a small       
fire-eng9e on bo>d1 :i* is n only an    
admirable safe-gu>d1 b facilitates !    
wa%+ ( decks2 an op]ation  t usually    
takes place once or twice weekly4 ,at   
su* times all !  *e/s are s5t bel[1 &   
all ! hammocks haul$ ^u deck1 = !       
purpose ( be+ air$4 ,seam5 become       
habitually cleanly 9 _!  p]sons1 & 9 _! 
b$d+2 b :5 recruits are on bo>d1 !y1    
be+ less att5tive to p]sonal appe>ance &
 to com=t1 n only  bre$ v]m91 b         
sometimes propagate infecti\s diseases4 
,h5ce1 a  small quantity ( v]m9-o9tm5t w
 p]haps prove an useful  succ$aneum2 its
 tim\s application prev5t+ ! gr[? ( any 
colony1  ( :i* "s /raggl]s may h laid ! 
f\ndation4    ,:5 ! decks are wa%$1 x is
 cu/om>y to ex]cise ! seam5 9 !  use (  
great guns4 ,= ?is purpose ! drum beats 
to qu>t]s2 :5 all  repair to _! sev]al  

/ations1 &1 "u ! in/ruction ( !  sev]al 
(fic]s1 g ?r\gh ! ord9>y op]ations      
att5dant ^u t  bran* ( discipl9e4 ,no   
p]sons1 ( :atev] description1 females   
except$1 are exempt$ f be+ appo9t$ to "s
 po/1 :]e _!  s]vices may be effici5t4  
,! milit>y (fic]s are allott$ to  comm&s
 on ! poop1 =e-ca/le1 wai/1 c42 hav+ "u 
!m su*  cadets & recruits z may be on   
bo>d2 ! :ole act+ z m>9es4 ,!  surgeon1 
) 8 mates1 ^? ( ! sick :o are incapable 
( tak+  an active "p1 toge!r ) all      
females1 desc5d to ! cock-pit2  :i*1 be+
 bel[ ! level ( ! wat]-l9e1 is tol]ably 
secure f  dang]2 ?\gh sometimes a %ot1  
betwe5 w9d & wat]1 w f9d its  way to t  
retreat4    ,! crew are always portion$ 
into two wat*es1 except :5 v  num]\s2 9 
:i* case1 z well z dur+ ! "t a vessel is
 9 port1  !y divide !m1 includ+         
recruits1 c4 into ?ree wat*es4 ,! *ief  
mate comm&s ! />bo>d-wat*2 ! second mate
 comm&s !  l>bo>d-wat*2 &1 :5 !re are   
?ree1 ! o!r1 call$ !  mid-wat*1 is      
comm&$ by ! ?ird mate4 ,x is cu/om>y to 

relieve  ! wat* e f\r h\rs1 except 9 !  
int]val betwe5 f\r &  eight o'clock 9 ! 
ev5+1 :i* is divid$ into two reliefs1 ( 
two  h\rs ea*1 call$ 'dog-wat*es4' ,b = 
! int]v5tion ( ^!1  !re w\ld be no *ange
 9 ! times ( com+ ^u duty2 z ea* (  !   
/>bo>d & l>bo>d wat*es w\ld1            
respectively1 come on at !  same h\rs   
daily2 & ?is w\ld be ! same1 ev5 if a   
mid-wat*  exi/$3 :]eas1 by divid+ !     
ev5+-wat*1 x occasions an odd  numb]1 & 
*anges ! t\r1 or s]ies1 e day4    ,:]e  
supplies ( provisions are n atta9able1 x
 necess>ily foll[s  t ea* p]son on bo>d 
c receive only a /ipulat$ all[ance (    
meat1 wat]1 c4 ,?is does n always affect
 ^? :o are at !  capta9's table2 ?\gh x 
is g5]ally recomm5d$ to ! pass5g]s to   
be economical 9 _! exp5diture ( wat] =  
wa%+1 %av+1 c4 ,9  "s %ips !y are       
re/rict$ to a qu>t daily1 & if ! crew   
are  ^u %ort all[ance1 :i* is und]/ood  
to be ! case :5 ea* man  receives less  
?an two qu>ts1 ! pass5g]s & (fic]s h    
little  or no fre% wat] all[$ = ! above 

purposes2 b _! bev]age at  table is     
r>ely limit$1 except "u ! pressure (    
actual necessity4    ,all ?+s consid]$1 
! privations exp]i5c$ by pass5g]s to    
,india  are by no means s num]\s1 nor s 
sev]e 9 _! op]ation1 z might  at fir/   
view be appreh5d$4 ,9 _m %ips1 ladies & 
g5tlem5  skill$ 9 music are adv5titi\sly
 assembl$1 &1 by _! unit$  tal5ts1 af=d 
a mo/ pleas+ recreation to all on bo>d3 
few vessels  are totally de/itute ( "s  
means to attract ! p>ties t[>ds !       
qu>t]-deck2 :]e1 9 ! cool ( ! ev5+1 dur+
 fair wea!r1  ! m]ry dance = a :ile     
bani%es ennui1 & contributes to give a  
:olesome impetus to ! circulation4      
,^? ladies :o are p>tial to music %\ld  
be p>ticul>ly c>eful  t ! piano-=tes !y 
may take ) !m1 be con/ruct$ 9 su*  mann]
 z may exempt !m f ^? wondr\s effects   
produc$ by !  climate ( ,india4 ,i h _h 
! pleasure ( aid+ sev]al fri5ds 9  ?is  
in/ance1 & f\nd t ! in/rum5ts made =    
exportation c\ld  nev] be dep5d$ ^u1    
unless clamp$ at e jo9t ) plates (      

brass1 & secur$1 9 ! m delicate p>ts1 by
 means ( batt5s well  screw$ & cem5t$ to
 ! s\nd+ bo>d4 ,exp]i5ce has fully      
satisfi$ me1 t ! pianos mo/ appropriate 
= hot climates are made  by ,clem5ti1   
,kirkman1 & ,tomk9son1 at _! respective 
manufactories  9 ,london4    ,ladies w  
d]ive consid]able conv5i5ce &           
gratification f  hav+ an ext]ior case   
made to enclose ! piano-=te1 leav+ a    
space  ( ab\t an in* all ar\nd4 ,?is    
outw>d safe-gu>d %\ld be ( plan$  deal1 
/a9$ ( a mahogany color1 or pa9t$2 & x  
%\ld op5 9  front1 s z to admit ( play+ 
! in/rum5t1 :ile its lid %\ld be  fix$  
^u h+es1 t x may be ?r[n back at        
pleasure4 ,! l[]  "p ( ! frame may be   
pack$1 & laid by2 a sp>e frame ( deal   
be+ sub/itut$ dur+ ! voyage1 ) a set (  
%elves bel[ to  conta9 music1 books1 c42
 all lock$ up by means ( fold+ doors4   
,bo?  ! ext]ior case1 & ! frame1 ought  
to be furni%$ ) lacqu]$  iron h&les1    
:]eby to lift !m occasionally2 b        
p>ticul>ly  int5d$ to secure !m to !    

side ( ! %ip1 & to ! deck3  )\t su* a   
precaution ! :ole w\ld be tumbl$ ab\t1 &
 %iv]$  to atoms1 by ! vessel's motion4 
,g5tlem5 :o p]=m on /r+$ in/rum5ts1 %\ld
 be c>eful to  provide an ample supply (
 /r+s1 fir/s & f\r?s especially2 !y  be+
 n only v de>1 & p]haps damag$1 :5      
procurable1 b at  times n procurable1 9 
any "p ( ,india1 = love or money6 ,re$s 
=  oboes1 cl>ionets1 bassoons1 c4 are   
simil>ly circum/anc$4 ,nor w\ld  x be   
sup]flu\s = a lady to take ) h] sev]al  
sets ( wires =  h] piano2 !y be+ v      
sc>ce4 ,at all ev5ts1 %e ought to       
qualify  h]self to tune ! in/rum5t2 :i* 
may be effect$ 9 ! c\rse ( a  mon?1 or  
six weeks1 by att5tion to ! in/ructions 
( a regul>  tun]1 :o w\ld feel himself  
well satisfi$ "u a mod]ate  comp5sation4
 ,?is is a po9t :]eon ,i dwell r        
p>ticul>ly2  kn[+ t1 ev5 9 ,calcutta1   
,madras1 or ,bombay1 a good tun] is n   
always to be _h2 & t1 9 all o!r         
situations1 ?r\gh\t !  int]ior sc>ce a  
pr(essional p]son c be f\nd4 ,besides1 9

 a  c\ntry ^: climate d]anges ! mo/     
skilful adju/m5t ( ! wires1  (t5 9 a few
 m9utes1 m]ely by a slight exposure to  
heat1 or to damp1  ! exp5ce att5dant ^u 
su* frequ5t tun+s1 z are indisp5sably   
requisite1 w\ld spe$ily absorb ! full   
value ( ! in/rum5t  itself2 ! ord9>y    
rates be+ a gu9ea = a gr&-piano1 &      
twelve  %ill+s = a squ>e "o4 ,!re=e1    
:e!r consid]$ z a  conv5i5ce1 or z a    
matt] ( economy1 too mu* _c be said 9   
recomm5dation ( e lady's le>n+ to tune  
h] piano be=e %e  emb>ks4    ,x be+     
impossible to say h[ soon r\gh wea!r may
 be exp]i5c$  aft] leav+ port1 7inde$1  
sometimes %ips get "u weigh :ile x is   
bl[+ v fre%17 x is usual to la% ! d9n]  
tables to ! deck1  plac+ _! feet 9      
mortices cut into small blocks1 call$   
cleats1  :i*1 be+ firmly nail$ d[n1     
g5]ally keep ! :ole suffici5tly  firm4  
,x is n easy to r5d] ! *airs equally    
secure2 b !y are  tol]ably /eadi$ by    
nail+ two r[s ( batt5s on ea* side ( !  
table1 s z to embrace ! legs ( ! *airs1 

:i*1 9 ?is mode (  secur+ !m1 ought all 
to be ( equal compass f front to re>4 ,x
  requires1 aft] all1 "s managem5t to   
pres]ve an equilibrium :5 a  %ip rolls  
mu*2 :i* x does *iefly 9 a calm1 or 9 a 
gale ( w9d4  ,9 ! =m] in/ance1 !        
transitions ( recl9ation f />bo>d to    
l>bo>d1 & vice v]s1 are (t5 v great1 ow+
 to ! heavy  swell :i* alt]nately raises
 ! %ip1 & aga9 s9ks h] into !  tr\gh    
made by two successive waves4 ,h[ev]    
curi\s x may seem to  p]sons unacqua9t$ 
) sea affairs1 x is nev]!less c]ta91 t  
m ma/s are lo/ by roll+ 9 a calm1 ?an by
 /ress ( wea!r4    ,9 reg>d to t mo/    
di/ress+ malady1 sea-sickness1 x is n   
possible to lay d[n any specific mode ( 
precaution1 or ( rem$y3 x  ord9>ily     
comm5ces ) t agitation occasion$ 9 !    
vessel's  motion1 by ei!r ! w9d's =ce1  
or ! wat]'s undulation4 ,few  exp]i5ce m
 ?an a few qualms1 :ile ! wat] is smoo?2
 su* z is  ! case 9 go+ ?r\gh ! ,ne$les 
) a lead+ w9d1 9 f9e  wea!r2 b :5 ^u a  
w9d1 ) a *opp+ sea1 & sudd51 or  =cible1

 gu/s1 all :o are n accu/om$ to !       
motion1 become mo/  oppressively sick4  
,h[ev] mu* !y may be affect$ by ?is     
cu/om>y  d]angem5t1 ^? suff]+ "u its    
influ5ce are m frequ5tly  objects (     
d]isive m]rim5t1 ?an ( compassion4 ,!   
preval5t op9ion  is1 t1 9 a few days1 ! 
compla9t w disappe>2 h5ce x is  reg>d$ z
 a matt] ( c\rse1 & z a season+1 :i*1 by
 its mode  ( op]ation1 r conduces to    
heal?1 ?an to a dang]\s issue4 ,t  su*  
is ! usual result1 _c be d5i$2 b !re are
 "s  con/itutions :i* _c /& s =cible an 
attack3 wom51 9  g5]al1 are mo/ sev]ely 
oppress$ by x1 & "s few fall victims    
!reto4    ,x w\ld be endless to enum]ate
 all ! recipes1 :i* ^? :o fancy         
!mselves qualifi$ to prescribe1 t5d] on 
?is occasion to !  unhappy suff]]s4 ,i  
believe t acids & laudanum1 9 repeat$   
small  doses1 are mo/ successfully      
adm9i/]$2 ?\gh ,i h se5 !m fail4  ,t    
unfeel+ advice giv5 to ! unw>y1 #8to    
dr9k a glass (  spirits1' inv>iably t5ds
 to aggravate all ! symptoms1 &1 )  ^? n

 habituat$ to su* /rong rem$ies1        
produces all ^?  inconv5i5ces att5dant  
^u sup]-add$ irritation4 ,! fre% air ^u 
deck w be f\nd consid]ably to dim9i% !  
=ce ( ! compla9t2  b ! eyes %\ld be kept
 %ut1 & ! att5tion be )drawn f  ! sea1 &
 f ! rigg+2 ( bo? :i* ! motion is       
peculi>ly  calculat$ to increase t      
swimm+ 9 ! head insep>ably att5dant  on 
sea-sickness4 ,if1 not)/&+ ^!           
precautions1 ! nausea &  d]angem5t %\ld 
cont9ue1 x w be prop] to retire to b$2  
obs]v+ ! precaution ( ly+ on "o side1 & 
keep+ ! eyes  clos$4    ,!re may1       
p]haps1 be no h>m 9 tak+ a small case ( 
spirits on  bo>d2 b su* is by no means  
indisp5sable3 !y d n come )9  ! scope ( 
a g5tleman's exp5diture2 &1 unless      
pres]v$ )  uncommon vigilance1 w        
probably be drawn (f by "s adv5tur+     
fell[1 provid$ ) a pick-lock1 :ile !    
own] is ei!r asleep or  abs5t4 ,i _c too
 /rongly inculcate1 t e ?+ %\ld be  "u  
lock & key3 %ips1 ( e description1 are  
infe/$ ) petty  pilf]]s1 & sometimes ) m

 exp]t & d>+ ?ieves2 :o w  n fail to    
purlo9 :atev] c be turn$ to use1 9 su*  
mann] z may  n lead to discov]y4 ,!     
effects ( pass5g]s1 especially1 are     
consid]$ to be fair booty4 ,blankets1   
%eets1 c4 w all disappe>  t[>ds ! close 
( a voyage1 or :5 9 a port :]e !y c be  
sold1  or b>t]$ away1 if _! own]s       
confide too mu* 9 ! hone/y (  _!        
neighb\rs4    ,! ?ird mate g5]ally has a
 mess1 9 ! exp5ces ( :i* !  f\r?1 fif?1 
& six? mates sometimes p>take2 ! purs] &
 surgeon  be+ inv>iably at ! capta9's   
table4 ,! capta9's cl]k1 :o is  usually 
a mid%ipman1 ! surgeon's mate1 :5 !re is
 "o1 & !  second class ( pass5g]s1 all  
mess ) ! ?ird mate1 :o is all[$  a c]ta9
 space be=e ! (fic]s' cab9s2 :i*1 be+   
enclos$ )  canvas1 makes a v tol]able   
b]?1 :]e9 ! table is laid4 ,^?  ( ! mess
 :o belong to ! %ip1 subscribe to lay 9 
su* articles (  provision1 *&l]y1 c4 z  
may suffice = _! own consumption2 !     
sums paid by pass5g]s1 :o associate )   
!m1 be+ appli$ 9 due  proportion t[>ds !

 ma9t5ance ( ! latt]2 any balances aris+
  !re9 becom+ ! p]quisite ( ! ?ird mate4
 ,i h he>d1 t1  ) ! exception ( s l>ge a
 proportion ( live /ock z is de/9$  = ! 
capta9's table1 ! mate's mess1 9 "s     
%ips1 claims ! palm  9 _m respects4 ,:5 
s _m pass5g]s are ord]$ on bo>d1 z to   
r5d] x impracticable = ! capta9 to      
accommodate ! :ole at 8  table1 ! lat]  
applicants are consign$ to ! mate's mess
 dur+  meals2 b are admitt$1 s f> z     
conv5i5ce c be ext5d$1 to a             
p>ticipation ( ! amusem5ts & society ( !
 r\nd-h\se4 ,on "s  occasions ! mate's  
mess has1 f ! above cause1 be5 able to  
boa/  ( r em95t *>act]s4    ,^? :o are  
fond ( fi%+1 may sometimes d]ive mu*    
amusem5t f  ! possession ( a /ock (     
tackle suit$ to ! occasion4 ,9 w>m      
wea!r1 especially t[>ds ! ,l9e1 :5      
mod]ate wea!r & calms  prevail1 _m %>ks 
may be tak54 ,! hook = ?is purpose ought
 to be  ab\t a foot long 9 ! %ank 7! o!r
 p>ts be>+ a j  proportion7 :i* %\ld be 
firmly atta*$ to a /\t piece ( *a91  f  

two to f\r feet 9 l5g?1 hav+ at its o!r 
extremity a loop  & swivel1 to :i* !    
rope 7su* z is call$ in* & half rope1 & 
ought to be full a hundr$ y>ds long7 is 
ti$2 ! bait1 a piece ( fat  pork1 ( ab\t
 ?ree or f\r p\nds weight4 ,! weight ( !
 *a9 &  hook w suffice to s9k ! bait to 
ab\t ?irty feet bel[ !  surface1 :]e x w
 soon be disc]n$ by ! %>ks1 :i* g5]ally 
keep "u ! vessel's bottom1 or play ar\nd
 h] at a consid]able  dep?2 ?\gh !y w   
occasionally range along ! %ip's side1  
or  bask "u ! /]n1 s z to be easily %ot 
) a musquet ball1 or  /ruck ) a h>poon4 
,ev5 at ! dep? ( fifty feet1 ! %>k may  
be di/+ui%$ z he  approa*es ! bait1 by a
 lum9\s appe>ance1 ext5d+ 9 an oval  =m1
 9 t direction 9 :i* he swims4 ,he      
g5]ally seizes )  avidity1 turn+ on 8   
side at ! mom5t2 )\t :i* he c\ld n  get 
x into 8 m\?1 ow+ to ! excessive l5g? ( 
8 upp] jaw4  ,s soon z ! bait is 9 8    
m\?1 ! fi%1 on feel+ ! resi/ance  ( !   
rope1 makes a sudd5 plunge d[nw>d1 at ! 
same mom5t  recov]+ 8 =m] position4 ,!  

hook1 be+ extremely %>p1 r>ely  fails to
 pi]ce ! jaw1 :51 9 an in/ant1 ! :ole   
l5g? ( l9e  w be run out4 ,z no human   
=ce c\ld prop]ly be reli$ on to *eck  ! 
fi%'s c\rse1 ! end ( ! rope is ei!r     
fa/5$ to "s  timb]-head1 or to a tackle 
fall3 ! latt] is pref]able1 because x   
adds to ! l5g? ( ! l9e1 & does n *eck ! 
fi% s sudd5ly3  )\t ! latt] precaution1 
! rope may be snapp$1 or ! hook torn    
away f ! %>k's jaw4 ,! quantity ( heavy 
l9e1 add$ to !  weight ( ! hooks & *a91 
soon br+ ! fi% "u comm&1 :5  he is t[$  
up to ! gang-way1 & !re1 by means ( a   
slip-knot  pass$ ov] 8 f9s1 hoi/$ into !
 wai/4    ,few p]sons w ta/e ( a blue   
%>k1 x be+ consid]$ un:olesome2  b ( !  
br[n %>k1 :i* r>ely exce$s five feet 9  
l5g?1 7:ile  ! =m] has be5 kn[n to      
measure ne> ?irty17 mo/ ( ! seam5  w    
solicit a /eak4 ,! av]age sizes ( %>ks  
may be f six to  twelve feet 9 l5g?3 x  
is v common to collect a pailful ( "y   
ones1 ea* ab\t a foot long1 t take      
refuge 9 ! p>5t's maw4  ,beh9d ! f9s are

 usually sev]al suck+-fi%es1 adh]+ to ! 
%>k's sides3 ^! are suppos$ to live ^u  
its blood2 b "s  d\bts may be ent]ta9$1 
at lea/ :e!r t is its sole  subsi/5ce1  
:5 ,i /ate1 t 9 ,madras ,roads ,i       
caught1 by means ( a  hook & l9e put out
 = gr\nd fi%es1 a suck+-fi% t measur$  r
 m ?an two feet4    ,%>ks are 9 g5]al   
att5d$ by :at are call$ pilot-fi%es3 ^! 
are beautifully /rip$ blue & :ite2 9 =m 
!y mu* resemble !  *ub1 & may measure f 
t5 to fifte5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,:5 !  %>k   
displays himself1 ! pilot-fi%es may be  
se5 play+ ab\t 8  head & sides2 b :5 !  
%ip is go+ fa/1 & ! %>k keeps  "u !     
bottom1 or /]n1 at a consid]able dep?1 !
 pilot-fi%es  (t5 rise to ! surface1    
assembl+ 9 ! eddy ab\t ! /]n-po/4  ,i   
nev] c\ld entice "o ( !m to t\* a bait4 
,9 ! high] latitudes1 ! albacore1       
boneta1 dolph91 c4 may (t5 be  se5 play+
 ab\t ! %ip 9 great numb]s2 sometimes z 
?\gh int5t  on keep+ company = scores ( 
miles4 ,porpoises are yet m famili>1  & 
delight 9 prec$+ ! %ip1 at a few y>ds   

di/ance2 af=d+1  to ^? :o are exp]t1    
excell5t opportunities = /rik+ !m )     
h>poons4 ,! liv] ( ! porpoise is e/eem$ 
by _m to be z good z  t ( a pig2 to :i* 
x be>s "s resemblance2 ! body ( ! fi%   
is by no means palatable4 ,! fle% ( !   
dolph9 is extremely dry1 z  is t ( !    
boneta1 :i* is commonly replete ) small 
:ite  animalcul1 n unlike %ort fat      
maggots4 ,! albacore is inconceivably   
rapaci\s2 (t5 spr++ sev]al y>ds out ( ! 
wat] aft] !  fly+-fi%es1 z !y skim above
 ! surface2 :i* !y sometimes d  = full  
two hundr$ y>ds2 _! great enemy d>t+    
along "u _!  c\rse ) incr$ible velocity1
 & r>ely fail+ to make a prey (  "o1 or 
m1 z !y fall into ! wat] 9 an exhau/$   
/ate4    ,:ile bonetas1 & dolph9s1 may  
be tak5 by almo/ any bait1 !  albacore  
r>ely c be attract$ by any device :]e9  
!re is n "s  resemblance to ! fly+-fi%4 
,i h se5 numb]s tak51 :5 ! %ip  has be5 
go+ fa/ ?r\gh ! wat]1 by secur+ a       
?ree-in* hook to  a slip ( bacon fat1   
cut into ! =m ( a fi%1 & fur!r disguis$ 

by a long :ite fea!r1 tak5 f a goose's  
w+1 /uck on ea* side4  ,! l9e = su* a   
purpose %\ld be /\t laid-cord2 =1 ?\gh  
bonetas r>ely exce$ tw5ty1 & dolph9s =ty
 p\nds1 albacores w  (t5 be tak5 weigh+ 
f "o to two hundr$3 ,i h1 inde$1 he>d  (
 _! rea*+ to ?ree hundr$ weight4 ,_!    
fle% may be comp>$  ) c>rion2 x be+     
co>se1 t\gh1 & v /rong ta/$2 b1  ?\gh n 
pleas+ to ! human palate1 x is a v *oice
 bait1  attract+ all fi%es ( prey4      
,albacores sometimes snap at ! log2  :i*
 is a small piece ( triangul> bo>d1     
load$ at "o corn] )  lead1 & fa/5$ to a 
long l9e w\nd on a reel4 ,! log be+ l[]$
  into ! sea1 w rema9 /ation>y2 draw+ ! 
l9e (f ! reel 9  proportion to !        
velocity ) :i* ! %ip is !n pass+ ?r\gh  
! wat]3 ! numb] ( y>ds run (f1 :ile a   
m9ute glass is  empty+1 %ews ! numb] (  
knots1 i4e4 miles1 sail$ )9 !  h\r4     
,x is n uncommon1 :5 9 ! vic9ity (      
isl&s1 to see turtles  ly+ on ! surface 
( ! sea1 fa/ asleep2 ^! c sometimes be  
tak51 if two or ?ree c>eful m5 proce$ 9 

! jolly-boat1 paddl+  h] along ) an o>  
out at h] /]n4 ,! turtle %\ld be secur$ 
by  "o ( ! crew dropp+ g5tly into !     
wat]1 & swimm+ v  cauti\sly until he c  
pass a slip-knot ov] ! h9d f91 g5]ally  
call$ ! fipp]2 ! o!r end ( ! l9e be+ fa/
 to "s "p  ( ! boat4    ,t\*+ at        
,asc5sion on our way f ,india1 = !      
express purpose (  obta9+ a supply (    
turtles1 ,i _h an opportunity ( witness+
 !  facility ) :i* !y may be tak5 at    
c]ta9 seasons1 :5 9 !  act ( copulation2
 z happ5$ :ile we 7 !re1 9 ,janu>y4 ,!  
turtles float$ 9 pairs1 9 a /ate        
approa*+ to le?>gy2 all[+  our :ale     
boats to run along-side ( !m1 )\t1 9    
g5]al1 be+  al>m$4 ,! fir/ object 0 to  
pass a boat-hook ov] ea* %\ld] (  !     
male1 to prev5t 8 escape2 =1 on be+     
t\*$1 ^! inv>iably  quitt$ _! mates1 &  
endeavor$ to /rike d[nw>ds4 ,! in/ant ! 
boat-hooks1 7 plac$1 _! inv]t$ po9ts    
act+ z curbs1 a ?ird  h& dext]\sly pass$
 ! noose ov] ! fipp]1 & left ! turtle  9
 *>ge ( a second or ?ird boat1 to :i* ! 

o!r end ( ! noose  l9e 0 fa/5$4 ,9 t    
mann] we took ab\t a doz5 "o morn+1 9   
less ?an two h\rs2 b 7 n equally        
successful 9 our op]ations  on %ore4    
,!re we hid ourselves1 ab\t night-fall1 
beh9d ! masses (  rock e :]e scatt]$ on 
! bea*1 &1 all[+ ! females to  pass u1 )
 ! int5tion ( deposit+ _! eggs 9 ! dry  
s&1  beyond ! rea* ( ! surf1 endeavor$  
to int]cept !m 9 _! way  back to ! wat]4
 ,n a d\bt 0 ent]ta9$ t we %\ld turn !m 
ov] by scores2 b1 ) ! exception ( "o    
un=tunate female1 :i*  by *ance ran     
headlong aga9/ a crag1 our hopes prov$  
to be vision>y4  ,! awkw>d gait ( ^!    
unwieldy animals1 add$ to ! cl\ds (     
light  s& !y ?rew up1 completely defeat$
 our mo/ zeal\s ex]tions4 ,we  _h       
rec\rse to our o>s1 plac+ !m 9 ! way ( !
 turtle1 &  us+ !m z lev]s :]e) to      
ov]turn ! %uffl+ animals2 b 9  e attempt
 ! turtle only slipp$ a little to "o    
side3 !re=e1  aft] break+ sev]al o>s1 we
 f\nd x exp$i5t to desi/4    ,:ile we 7 
on %ore1 ! gulls hov]$ ab\t u l s _m    

gnats2  absolutely d>k5+ ! air1 & p]*+  
famili>ly on our heads &  %\ld]s4 ,^!   
subsi/ *iefly on ! %oals ( mack>el ca/  
a%ore  by e surf4 ,i am confid5t t _m a 
heave ( ! sea ?rew up a  c>t load ( ^?  
fi%es2 "s ( :i* 7 drawn (f by ! next    
heave1 b ?\s&s lay along ! bea* "t en\gh
 to be c>ri$ (f  by ! gulls4 ,%>ks 7 to 
be se5 9 e direction1 & ( all  sizes2 ! 
l>ge ones g5]ally swimm+ ne> ! surface1 
) _!  back-f9s expos$ to view1 & ! less]
 ones at ab\t two or ?ree  fa?oms deep1 
on e side ( ! %ip4 ,i 0 desir\s to cat* 
"o (  !m = ! sake ( its sk91 b we 7 s   
environ$ by %oals ( !  *todon           
plectorh5*us1 or pleat-nose *todon1 :i* 
took _!  /ation mu* ne>] ! surface1 &   
int]cept$ my baits1 ?\gh !y  7 ti$ d[n  
to ! hooks ) wor/$ y>n1 7"s inde$ be+   
envelop$ 9 clo?1 & secur$ 9 a simil>    
mann]71 t n "o hook  0 all[$ to desc5d  
to ! level :]e ! %>ks ab\nd$4 ,_m       
hundr$s ( ! *todon 7 tak51 &1 aft] be+  
/ripp$ (  _! sk9s1 :i* make a beautiful 
black %agre51 ?\gh 9 ! wat]  !y appe> to

 be *iefly blue & yell[1 7 ?r[n to _!   
gre$y  bre?r51 by :om !y 7 spe$ily      
dev\r$4    ,x %\ld be notic$1 = ! b5efit
 ( ^? :o may t\* at  ,asc5sion1 ei!r on 
_! way to ,/4 ,hel5a outw>d-b\nd1 or 9  
com+  homew>d f t r5dezv\s1 t we hook$  
sev]al v f9e fi%es1  especially !       
mu*-admir$ ,bull's-eye1 by trail+ a     
bait1 ab\t fifty  or sixty y>ds a/]n1 z 
we sail$ p>tly r\nd ! isl&4 ,close 9    
%ore1 among ! crags1 j beyond rea* ( !  
surf1 we caught half a  boat load (     
old-maids 9 v little "t4    ,! mod]n    
c\rse ( %ips proce$+ to ,india1 ord9>ily
 c>ries !m  ne> ! ,cape de ,v]de1 &     
,can>y isl&s2 :]e1 if w9e is to be  tak5
 91 a det5tion ( t5 or twelve days may  
happ54 ,?is be+1 9  all probability1 !  
fir/ opportunity t may (f] ( go+ on     
%ore1  aft] leav+ ,engl&1 x may be prop]
 to caution ! "y adv5tur]  n to         
ridicule1 nor 9 any way to %ew          
disrespect t[>ds1 !  religi\s c]emonies 
( ! ,roman ,ca?olics :o possess ^?      
isl&s4    ,"u ! ex]cise ( prud5ce &     

discretion1 all p]sons l&+ among  !     
,portuguese are c]ta9 ( receiv+ e       
civility & att5tion2  b1 :5 insult$1 no 
race ( m5 are m irascible or v9dictive3 
!  (f5d] is sure to fall a victim to _! 
unrel5t+ v5geance6 ,at  ei!r ( ^! isl&s1
 b especially at ,/4 ,jago1 abundance ( 
fre%  provisions may be obta9$3 9 all ( 
!m ! tropical fruits ab\nd1  b %\ld n be
 eat5 to excess2 le/ a dys5t]y1 :i*1 9  
^?  latitudes1 proce$s ) ha/y /rides    
t[>ds dea?'s portal1 %\ld  ensue4    ,_m
 vessels1 aft] proce$+ d[n ! ,atlantic 9
 a mid direction1  betwe5 ! ,azores & ! 
,can>ies1 until !y cat* ! trade-w9ds1   
:i* 9 t "p bl[ con/antly f ! nor?-ea/1  
or ne>ly s1  /ret* ov] to ! coa/ (      
,brazil1 along :i* !y run1 to ab\t #cj  
s\?1 = ! purpose ( avoid+ ! s\?-ea/     
trade-w9d prevail+  to ! s\?w>d ( !     
,l9e2 !n be+ 9 ! way ( v>iable w9ds1  !y
 %ape _! c\rse t[>ds ! ,cape ( ,good    
,hope4 ,few quit ?is  coa/ )\t putt+    
into "s port = a supply ( wood1 wat]1   
fre%  provision ( sorts1 c4 ,rio ,jani]o

 is ! mo/ frequ5t$ by ,briti%  ,indiam51
 bo? on acc\nt ( its safe h>b\r1 & !    
abundance (  supplies x c af=d4 ,be+ 9  
latitude #bc1 x w be requisite to  gu>d 
aga9/ ! great heats incid5t !reto1 & to 
be c>eful n to  enc\nt] ! nightly dews1 
:i* are "h extremely heavy1 & give  bir?
 to ! mo/ dang]\s species ( fev]4    ,! 
cu/oms ( ! inhabitants ?r\gh\t ?is coa/ 
be+ ne>ly alike1  a description ( "o    
portion may suffice = ! :ole4    ,!     
natives ( ?is "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica appe> to
 be p>ticul>ly  in(f5sive1 & to submit )
 p]fect resignation to ! au?ority (  _! 
conqu]ors4 ,!y are ( a middl+ /ature &  
well-proportion$2  _! complexions d>k1 &
 _! hair lank & black4 ,f :at ,i saw  ( 
,p]nambuco & ,ol9da1 :i* lie 9 ab\t #g  
s\?1 x %\ld seem  t ! h\ses ( ! bett]   
class are well calculat$ to deb> access 
to ! p[]ful influ5ce ( ! sun2 :i*1 = six
 mon?s1 is ne>ly  v]tical at ! above    
p>allel ( latitude1 & does n =m a v     
acute angle ) ! nor!rn horizon at any "t
 ( ! ye>4    ,! ,portuguese h organiz$  

sev]al regim5ts ( ! natives1 clo!d  &   
arm$ 9 ! ,european /yle3 x 0 n easy to  
asc]ta9 ! /ate  ( discipl9e ( ^! troops2
 b1 if we are to judge f !  equipm5t &  
appe>ance ( ! regim5ts 9 ! "m-c\ntry1 x 
might be reasonable to ent]ta9 "s d\bts 
reg>d+ _! pr[ess4    ,not)/&+ ! int5se  
heat ( ! climate1 ! ,portuguese         
inhabitants omit no religi\s duties2 nor
 d !y ev] appe> 9 t  de%abille we %\ld  
expect to see g5]ally adopt$ among an   
effem9ate  p1 "u su* circum/ances 9     
reg>d to locality4 ,x c\ld n  fail to   
prove highly amus+1 :5 we beheld boys1 (
 ab\t six or sev5  ye>s ( age1          
full-dress$ accord+ to c\rt etiquette1 )
 bags1  ruffles1 swords1 c4 repres5t+ ! 
m anci5t "p ( _!  population 9 m9iature4
 ,^! "y g5tlem51 z well z _!  s5iors1 & 
especially ! ladies1 7 se5 e-:]e rid+ 9 
vehicles v /rongly resembl+ !           
*air-palanqu9s ( ,india1 b  c>ri$ by    
only two m52 "o be=e & "o beh9d4    ,!  
pr(usion ( complim5ts1 & ( real         
civilities1 we exp]i5c$1  7 absolutely  

bur!nsome2 we 7 e-:]e welcom$ 9 ! mo/   
k9d & lib]al mann]2 b>ges1 r[+ f twelve 
to ?irty o>s1 7  at our comm&1 to take u
 to & f ! %ip1 :i* c\ld n pass  ! ,b> ( 
,p]nambuco1 & lay full f\r miles f !    
%ore1 9 sev5  fa?oms4 ,z to fruits1 fi%1
 vegetables1 & p\ltry1 !y may be _h to  
any am\nt1 ( ! fir/ quality2 _! beef &  
mutton are n1  h[ev]1 mu* to be prais$1 
& _! pork is intol]ably fat1 )\t  be+   
firm4 ,?is la/ is "o ( ! pr9cipal vi&s  
at ! tables (  ! ,portuguese1 9 e qu>t] 
( ! globe1 & is dress$ 9 v>i\s  ways1   
all equally (f5sive to a delicate /oma*4
 ,! s]5ity ( !  wea!r r5d]$ !           
acquisition ( a supply ( excell5t wat] v
  easy2 ! casks be+ float$ to & f !     
%ore2 all fa/5$ to  ropes1 & t[$ by !   
l>ge boats already m5tion$4    ,! l& ly+
 l[ t[>ds ! bea*1 ?\gh back$ at "s      
di/ance by  hills1 occasion$ u to be )9 
a few leagues be=e we discov]$ our      
proximity to ! ,cont95t2 & we %\ld      
probably h run into %all[  wat]1 _h n a 
l>ge float+ object be5 se5 ab\t a mile f

 u4  ,our glasses spe$ily enabl$ u to   
di/+ui% p]sons mov+ on a l[  frame1 t we
 conjectur$ c\ld be no?+ less ?an "s    
great  fragm5t ( a wreck4 ,boats 7      
imm$iately hoi/$ out1 &1 9 less  ?an    
half an h\r1 we _h ! satisfaction to see
 our qu>t]-deck  cov]$ ) a v>iety ( f9e 
fi%es1 *iefly rock-cod1 t _h be5  tak5  
by ! indu/ri\s ,indians1 ^: catam>an we 
_h mi/ak5 =  ! rema9s ( "s un=tunate    
vessel4    ,al?\gh we c\ld n conv]se )  
^! p1 x 0 natural = u  to suppose we 7 n
 f> f l&2 to :i* !y direct$ our         
att5tion1 & by significant signs1 z well
 z by lead+ on !  catam>an1 ( :i* !y _h 
hoi/$ ! sail1 pilott$ u to ! ,roads  (  
,p]nambuco1 leav+ u 9 good an*or+ wat]1 
& gratefully  receiv+ "s beads1 & o!r   
tr9kets1 ( no value 9 our e/imation1  b 
highly priz$ among !m1 9 ex*ange = !    
excell5t repa/ !y  _h af=d$ to ! :ole   
%ip's company4    ,a few days be=e our  
arrival at ,p]nambuco1 ! usual c]emonies
  att5dant ^u cross+ ! ,l9e 7 duly      
obs]v$4 ,^? :o _h nev]  be5 s f> to !   

s\?w>d1 7 impress$ ) ! belief t sundry  
op]ations1 by no means pleasant1 7 to   
take place3 among o!r  ?+s1 x 0 said !y 
7 to be susp5d$ f ! =e-y>d arm1  & to be
 ?or\ghly duck$ by frequ5t dips into !  
sea4 ,h[ev]  unreasonable ?is may appe>1
 !re exi/s no d\bt ( su* a practice     
hav+ be5 p]fectly common ab\t =ty or    
fifty ye>s back2 x 0  !n reg>d$ z an    
excell5t joke1 af=d+ wondr\s m]rim5t to 
! vet]an "p ( ! crew4 ,9 "t1 ! practice 
ceas$2 ei!r f  ! int]position ( good    
s5se1 or ow+ to ! judici\s di/ribution  
( "s liquor among ! *iefs ( ! dramatis  
p]son4    ,! amusem5ts incid5t on ?is   
occasion are n v t$i\s1 &1  ?\gh fil?y 9
 ! extreme1 _c be witness$ )\t excit+   
mu*  laught]4 ,ab\t noon1 ! boatswa91   
be+ full dress$ z ! god (  ! ocean1 is  
suppos$ to hail ! %ip1 enquir+ :5ce %e  
comes8  :i!r %e is b\nd8 & if any p]sons
 are on bo>d :o nev] be=e  cross$ !     
great b\nd>y divid+ ! nor!rn f ! s\!rn  
hemisph]e8 ,aft] mu* pomp\s &           
au?oritative elocution1 :]e9  ,neptune  

decl>es a firm resolution n to rel9qui% 
8 rights1 he  asc5ds at ! b[1 "u :i* 8  
c> is suppos$ to be 9 wait+1  :5ce1     
att5d$ by 8 mates1 ^: p>aph]nalia accord
 ) !  dignity ( _! (fice1 & ! solemnity 
( ! occasion1 he proce$s  to !          
qu>t]-deck1 :]e1 aft] an appropriate    
spee*1 he ex]cises  8 p[]s ( div9ation1 
& 9 a few m9utes discov]s ! sev]al      
novices :o are to submit to 8 decrees4  
,8 god-head1 l 8  prog5itor ( anci5t    
times1 inv>iably has an eye to bus9ess2 
& z  ! sea deity ( ! ,greeks 0 suppos$  
to delight 9 ample sacrifices1  s does 8
 desc5dant1 or r 8 repres5tative1 ( our 
"t1  equally *]i% ! idea ( copi\s       
libations 9 honor ( ! day4  ,h5ce1 !re  
is little difficulty 9 appeas+ 8 wra?1 &
  conciliat+ 8 good-w t[>ds ! vessel &  
h] crew1 by !  immolation ( f two to    
?ree gallons ea*1 ( good rum or g92 :i*1
  be+ duly t5d]$ to ! (ficiat+ prie/s1  
soon rea* _!  de/9ation1 & av]t !       
?reat5$ dang]4    ,:ile ?is is go+ on1  
"s ( ! old h&s are busi$ 9 !            

con/ruction ( a %ip1 :i* is to be laun*$
 9 ! pres5ce ( !  deity1 "u ^: auspices 
%e is to sail ! _w ov]1 & back  aga91 9 
p]fect safety6 ,?is important duty is   
conduct$ ) great  precision1 & takes    
place 9 ! lee-wai/1 :]e all ! novices   
among  ! sailors1 recruits1 c4 are rang$
 9 two r[s1 face to face1 to  repres5t !
 ribs ( ! /ately ,argo4    ,x is usual  
to select "s ( ! m pliant1 or silly1 ( !
 p>ty1  to =m ! head & b[s3 "o ( ^! be+ 
plac$ 9 ! c5tre1  look+ =w>d1 8 head    
cov]$ ) a long swab1 ( :i* ! ?reads     
hang d[n ne>ly to 8 heels1 & 8 face be+ 
sme>$ ) all !  fil? ! %ip af=ds1 by way 
( pa9t1 is consid]$ ! typical  figure   
suit$ to ! nom5clature ( ! vessel4      
,all be+ 9 read9ess1 ! build]s att5d    
,neptune z he retires1 9  ord] to all[ !
 %o>s to be knock$ away1 t ! laun* may  
take  place3 ! capta9 & 8 (fic]s aid !  
f>ce by enc\rag+ !  pass5g]s to advance 
t[>ds ! wai/1 !re to view ! con/ruction2
  :51 at a fit mom5t1 ! god ro>s =? 8   
m&ate = committ+  8 proteg to ! deep4   

,x1 h[ev]1 unluckily happ5s t !  vessel 
does n %ew any disposition to quit !    
/ocks2 !re=e1 z  %e w n proce$ to !     
wat]1 ! only *ance ( sett+ h] afloat  is
 by caus+ ! wat] to proce$ to h]2 :i* x 
accord+ly does  f "s doz5s ( buckets1 c4
 previ\sly secret$ 9 ! =e &  ma9 tops1 &
 9 ! long boat1 = t purpose4 ,?is dr5*+ 
concludes ! %[1 & ! crew retire to make 
m]ry ^u ! am\nt (  _! collections1 :i*1 
:5 n suffici5tly abundant to af=d a     
mod]ate all[ance to ea*1 is lib]ally    
augm5t$ f ! %ip's  /ores4    ,! sabba?  
is always obs]v$ on bo>d e ,indiaman )  
p]fect  decorum3 !re be+ no *apla9 on   
bo>d1 unless p]*ance z a  pass5g]1 !    
capta91 or "o ( ! (fic]s1 reads ! morn+ 
s]vice1 & ev5tually a %ort lecture suit$
 to ! audi5ce1  consi/+ ( all on bo>d :o
 are n conf9$ by illness4 ,x is n  easy 
to describe ! dec5cy :i* prevails on su*
 occasions2 ! :ole  /&+ b>e-head$ on !  
qu>t]deck1 & refra9+ f e act1  or look1 
t might trespass on propriety4    ,_m   
sailors1 not)/&+ ! "* 9 :i* !y are      

g5]ally  accept$1 are ( a v religi\s    
disposition1 & are easily l$ by  ^? :o  
%ew a rev]5ce = ! *ur* e/abli%m5t4 ,yet1
 l mo/  p]sons br$ up 9 ignorance1 !y   
are %amefully sup]/iti\s1 &  (t5 ent]ta9
 notions v little %ort ( ^? :i* actuat$ 
_!  ance/ors to ?r[ ,jonah ov]bo>d4     
,h[ev] ridicul\s x may appe>1  yet x is 
/rictly true1 t among hundr$s ( ! brave/
 t>s1 "o  wag may1 by :isp]+s1 groan+s1 
c4 aid$ by a :ite %eet1 & a  holl[      
intonation1 create a mo/ disgraceful    
panic4 ,b our t]re/rial  population1 (  
correspond+ rank1 c claim no title to   
laugh at _!  pe]s on ! elem5t4 ,! s]mon 
lately deliv]$ & pr9t$1 by !  ,rev4     
,isaac ,ni*olson1 ,a4,m4 ,curate (      
,great ,paxton1 9 ! c\nty (  ,hunt+don1 
9 consequ5ce ( two attacks on ! p]son ( 
,ann ,izz>d1 a  reput$ wit*1 :]eby      
,alice ,russel1 :o endeavor$ to protect 
t poor  woman1 0 de/roy$1 ev9ces !      
deplorable /ate 9 :i* ! m9ds (  our l[] 
ord]s rema91 not)/&+ ! great exp5ce     
incurr$ =  ! propagation ( ! ,scriptures

 among !m1 & ! inf9ite pa9s  tak5 to    
in/ruct ^? :o _c af=d to pay =          
education4    ,fun]als at sea c r>ely   
boa/ ( mu* display1 b _! att5dants  are 
(t5 s9c]e m\rn]s4 ,conf9$ )9 a n>r[     
space1 ! loss (  a companion is n easily
 =gott52 e object rem9ds u ( 8  fate1 & 
exacts a sigh6 ,few l+]1 ei!r ( disease1
 or ( w\nds1 s  long z p]sons "u simil> 
circum/ances w\ld d on %ore4 ,! want  ( 
room1 ( fre% air1 ( clean l951 (        
suitable diet1 & ( a *ange  ( sc5e1 all 
contribute1 not)/&+ ! mo/ assidu\s      
att5dance1  to depress ! spirits1 & to  
aggravate ! symptoms4 ,above all1 !     
ravages ( scurvy are peculi>ly di/ress+1
 & t5d mo/ to  di%e>t53 ev5 ^? 9 p]fect 
heal? become al>m$1 &1 f t  circum/ance 
alone1 (t5 p>ticipate 9 ! dreadful evil4
    ,x be+ utt]ly inadmissible t a      
corpse %\ld be reta9$ on bo>d1  no "t is
 lo/ 9 sew+ x up 9 a hammock2 plac+ a   
few lumps (  coal1 or o!r pond]\s matt]1
 at ! feet1 to cause its s9k+4 ,?us     
prep>$1 x is laid ^u a grat+ at ! lee   

gang-way2 &1 aft] !  usual burial       
s]vice1 at :i* all att5d1 is committ$ to
 ! deep4 ,9  "s in/ances1 dur+ calms1   
%>ks h be5 se5 to d>t f "u  ! vessel1 & 
to attack ! corpse 9 ! mo/ rav5\s mann]4
 ,x is  well kn[n t all sickly %ips are 
att5d$ by _m ( ^? fi%es2  :i*1 if num]\s
 9 ! vic9ity ( a heal?y vessel1 are1 9 !
  op9ions ( ! crew1 ! sure/ indications 
( great mortality on  bo>d4 ,)\t pret5d+
 to d\bt ! acut5ess ( a %>k's s5se (    
smell+1 x may be p]mitt$ u r to ascribe 
_! congregat+ to  *ance1 ?an to _!      
suppos$ p[]s ( anticipation3 at ! same  
"t  !re c be little d\bt1 t c]ta9       
effluvia mu/ escape f a  vessel n duly  
purifi$ by v5tilation & ablution2 & t   
su* a  neglect w r>ely fail to induce   
diseases ( ! mo/ malignant  description2
 !reby giv+ a latitude1 among ^? :o view
 ?+s  sup]ficially1 to adduce in/ances  
app>5tly confirmative ( _!  ass]tions4  
,:atev] conv5i5ce x may be ?\ght to af=d
 to ! survivors1 x  appe>s to me1 t !   
cu/om>y sale ( all ! effects ( !        

deceas$1 indiscrim9ately 9 g5]al1 is    
contr>y to ! dictates (  prud5ce1 s f> z
 relates to salubrity4 ,t1 9 su* a      
situation1  :atev] is appreciable may   
produce a bett] price1 _c be            
controv]t$2 b ,i %\ld r incl9e to ?9k x 
7 bett] to  =ego t advantage1 ?an to    
risk ! dissem9ation ( disease1 ?\gh  n  
previ\sly malignant1 by an unlimit$     
di/ribution ( ! app>el (  "o demis+ "u  
any cl9ical di/emp]4 ,to say ! lea/1    
p]fect  v5tilation %\ld be giv5 to e    
atom2 nor w\ld ! tr\ble or  exp5ce 7if  
any7 ( fumigat+ ! we>+ app>el1 &        
b$-clo!s1 be  ill be/[$3 p]haps bak+    
w\ld be f\nd ! safe/ precaution4    ,x  
has already be5 /at$1 t1 9 r\nd+ !      
,cape1 ! wea!r may  be expect$ to       
correspond ) ! season ( ! ye>3 ?is is s 
well  und]/ood1 t x is only dur+ ! summ]
 season 9 t qu>t]1  vessels are consid]$
 to be safe 9 ,table ,bay1 situat$ to ! 
nor? (  a l[1 flat1 s&y i/hmus1 ov] :i* 
x is evid5t ! sea =m]ly  fl[$ into      
,false ,bay1 ly+ a few miles to !       

s\?w>d4 ,! m\?s (  ! two bays h diff]5t 
aspects2 consequ5tly1 :5 a *annel  exi/$
 su* z ,i h describ$1 ! ,table ,m\nta91 
:5ce !  nor!rly bay d]ives its          
designation1 toge!r ) ,cape ,t[n1 :i*   
/&s betwe5 ! m\nta9 & t bay1 toge!r )   
,w9eburg1  ,witti-boom1 ,con/antia1 c4  
c4 includ+ a l5g? ( ab\t =ty-five  miles
 by f\r1 on an av]age1 9 bread?1 mu/ h  
be5 insulat$4    ,:5 a %ip is to t\* at 
! ,cape1 x is v desirable1 on e  acc\nt1
 t h] arrival %\ld take place dur+ !    
summ] season2 s  t %e may come to an*or 
9 ,table ,bay1 ab\t half a mile di/ant f
  ! :>f4 ,! conv5i5ce1 ?us af=d$1 ( go+ 
imm$iately into  com=table lodg+s1 :]e  
no?+ is want+ t c t5d to !  refre%m5t ( 
p]sons fatigu$ by ^? n>r[ limits )9 :i* 
!y  h be5 conf9$1 probably = t5 or      
twelve weeks1 is n to be  calculat$4 ,! 
,dut*1 x is true1 are mo/ (f5sively     
av>ici\s2 b  t mu/ be comp\nd$ =1 9     
consid]ation ( ! satisfaction  att5dant 
^u ! lib]ty ( tak+ ex]cise 9 a f9e      
climate1  ab\nd+ ) ! mo/ delici\s       

fruits1 ! *oice/ vegetables1 &  t k9d ( 
social int]c\rse1 :i*1 *as+ away !      
recollection (  =m] lang\r1 gives en]gy 
to meet succe$+ dulness & inactivity4   
,! ,briti% visitor w1 h[ev]1 exp]i5ce   
consid]able  disappo9tm5t if he expects 
to witness ! p]=mance ( dramatic        
pieces1 or t jocund hil>ity :i* ) u     
prevails among p]sons  long resid5t     
toge!r4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! inhabitants (  
,cape ,t[n  ?9k ( no?+ b money-mak+2 9  
:i* !y are nei!r inexp]t1  nor v        
scrupul\s4 ,9 public1 !y are s awkw>d1  
/iff1 &  unsociable1 t ,i h (t5 be5     
surpris$ !y did n g to sleep at  _!     
visits4 ,if su* 0 ! /ate ( society only 
a few ye>s ago1  :at mu/ x h be5 previ\s
 to ! occupation ( ! ,cape1 dur+  !     
,am]ican w>1 by two ,fr5* regim5ts2 :i*1
 accord+ to !  confession ( ! ,dut*     
!mselves1 made a v consid]able          
improvem5t 9 _! bre$8    ,few ( ^? :o   
take lodg]s w admit su* z d n bo>d ) !m3
  ! rates are n 9 any in/ance fix$1 b ! 
av]age may be tak5 at  f ?ree to f\r    

rix-doll>s = ea* lady or g5tleman1      
half-price  = "y *ildr51 & "o doll> =   
ea* s]vant1 p] diem4 ,f ?is  x may be   
collect$1 t a s+le g5tleman mu/ be an   
economi/ if he  manages to pay 8 exp5ces
 ( bo>d1 wa%+1 horse-hire1 c4 "u  ?irty 
%ill+s daily4--,! rix-doll> is fix$ at  
f\r %ill+s2 b  is an imag9>y sum4 ,notes
 ( any value may be _h2 b gold & silv]  
curr5cy are sc>cely ev] se52 ! ,dut* be+
 extremely eag] to  obta9 gu9eas at     
tw5ty-"o %ill+s curr5cy1 & re-sell+ !m  
at  ! rate g5]ally ( six & a half1 or   
sev5 rix-doll>s4 ,p]sons  visit+ ! ,cape
 %\ld be c>eful to res]ve _! ca% until  
ab\t to  pay _! bills1 & !n to acc\nt _!
 gu9eas at _! curr5t  value1 z above    
%ewn4 ,su* is ! e/imation 9 :i* bullion 
is held1  t no small co9s are any :]e to
 be se52 ev5 %ill+s1 &  /iv]s are paid 9
 pap] curr5cy4 ,pass5g]s f ,india ought 
to take  a bag ( rupees ( ! wor/        
description2 =1 :e!r sicca or  t]sooly1 
ea* w be gladly receiv$1 )\t di/9ction1 
at two  %ill+s & sixp5ce4    ,! cook]y (

 ! ,dut* is pretty ne>ly on a p> ) _!   
fle%-meats2 _! beef1 mutton1 veal1 &    
pork1 be+ r>ely (  tol]able quality1 &  
inv>iably made to float 9 /rong sauce1 (
  :i* butt] & spices are ! *ief +r$i5ts4
 ,! table is1 9 mo/  h\ses1 laid 9 a    
c5tral hall1 look+ into a g>d52 ! floors
 are  all pa9t$1 t !y may n absorb !    
damp :5 wa%$1 z !y are  almo/ daily3 !  
b$s are tol]ably good1 & ! ap>tm5ts ( a 
mod]ate size4 ,be=e e h\se1 is an       
elevat$ t]race1 on a level  ) !         
gr\nd-floor1 hav+ at ea* end a seat1    
usually ( masonry  also4 ,on ?is t]race1
 call$ ! /eupe1 ! ,dut* prom5ade half ! 
day 9 fair wea!r1 enjoy+ _! pipes1 &    
occasionally tak+ _!  sopkies2 :i* are  
small glasses ( raw spirits1 = ! mo/ "p 
holl&s1 _! s]vants t5d] to !m at        
int]vals1 z a matt] (  c\rse4    ,!     
ext5sive g>d5s ( ! late ,dut* ,company1 
?r\gh ! c5tre (  :i* is a broad         
gravel-walk full half a mile 9 l5g?1 are
 cr[d$  e ,sunday ev5+1 & on all fe/ive 
days1 by a promiscu\s gr\p1  :o walk 9  

p>ties1 to & fro1 "u ! %ade ( ! oaks &  
o!r  trees plant$ on ei!r side4 ,!re is 
also an in/itution1 b ( a  m private    
nature1 & frequ5t$1 ) few exceptions1 by
 ! ,dut*  only4 ,x is held at a neat    
h\se1 :]e w9es1 c4 are sold1 hav+       
atta*$ to x a spaci\s g>d52 n unlike "s 
( our tea-dr9k+  places 9 ! vic9ity (   
,london4 ,?is is call$ ,concordia2 a "n 
p]fectly unsuit$ to ! sc5es occasionally
 disgrac+ ! int]ior1  :i* has m ?an once
 excit$ ! att5tion ( our gov]nm5t1 9    
consequ5ce ( ! s$iti\s pr9ciples ( its  
visitors4    ,! late ,"l ,mac>tney did n
 fail to keep a wat*ful eye ov]         
,concordia1 z well z to *eck1 9 _!      
infancy1 :atev] attempts  might be made 
to spread1 & to inculcate1 revolution>y 
pr9ciples4 ,a  l>ge portion ( !         
inhabitants be+ desc5d$ f del9qu5ts :o  
_h quitt$ _! native c\ntry1 z ,gil ,blas
 says1 #8n )\t good  reason1' & hav+    
r>ely paid mu* def]5ce to _! rul]s 9    
,europe1 x is n to be wond]$ at1 t ^?   
doctr9es ( !  m\nta91 :i* condemn$ ,l\is

 ! ,,xvi4 %\ld h be5 adopt$ at !  ,cape4
 ,su* 0 ! advance made 9 ! cant ( ! day1
 & s num]\s  7 ! meet+s at ,concordia1 t
 ,"l ,mac>tney judg$ x necess>y  to     
adopt measures = br++ 8 ,dut* subjects  
to _! s5ses2 :i*  he did 9 a mann] t    
reflect$ ! greate/ cr$it on himself1 &  
ev9c$ ) :at facility traitors may be    
subdu$ "u a j &  en]getic gov]nm5t4     
,among ! _m :o resort$ to ,concordia e  
ev5+1 0 a great f>m]1 kn[n at ! ,cape "u
 ! designation (  ,boor1 :o 0 p>ticul>ly
 smitt5 ) ! new-fangl$ t]ms (  gallic   
civism3 if ,i err n1 8 "n 0 ,,van       
,,clootz4 ,he 0 ( imm5se  /ature1 &     
ord9>ily wore a r\nd sl\*$ hat1 ab\t !  
diamet] (  a g5tleman's umbrella2 & z he
 p>ad$ ?r\gh ! /reets1 sitt+  on ! front
 bo>d ( 8 waggon1 drawn by eight ,spani%
 horses1 always  appe>$ l "s enorm\s    
wild bea/ belong+ to ,mr4 ,pidcock's    
m5ag]ie4    ,?is mon/r\s great man 7long
 consid]$ ! key-/one ( !  ar*-traitors (
 ,con/antia7 0 summon$1 9 a civil mann]1
 by ,"l  ,mac>tney2 :o1 9 becom+ t]ms1  

rebuk$ him = 8 folly1 &  expla9$ ! :ole 
ext5t ( :at _h be5 report$1 reg>d+ !    
proce$+s ( ^? :o visit$ ! g>d54 ,mynhe] 
0 n to be  talk$ out ( 8 v5]ation = !   
,revolution 9 ,france2 & decl>$1  t1 9 8
 op9ion1 x w\ld be equal to a m>tyrdom  
to die 9 s  glori\s a cause4 ,x 0 9 va9 
8 ,lord%ip depict$ ! horrors  att5dant  
^u s great a rev]se2 ! boor's en?usiasm 
r5d]$ him  bl9d to su* trifles1 & to all
 ^? excesses :i* insep>ably  accompany  
civil convulsion4    ,9 ! c\rse ( a few 
days1 ,van ,clootz 0 in=m$1 t a troop ( 
cavalry _h arriv$ at a f>m he _h on !   
bord]s ( ,hott5tot  ,holl&1 ab\t ?irty  
miles f ! ,cape1 & t x 0 suppos$ !y     
w\ld rema9 "s "t 9 t neighborhood4 ,!   
boor 0 delight$ at  ! prospect ( a long 
bill = hay1 corn1 c4 c4 folio aft]      
folio2  e day's /ay 0 joyfully not$6 ,x 
0 n long1 h[ev]1 be=e  compla9ts 7 made 
t ! troop]s behav$ 9 a lic5ti\s mann]1  
kill+ 8 p\ltry1 de/roy+ 8 f5ces1 plund]+
 8 g>d51  kiss+ 8 maids1 & ! ,"l kn[s   
:at6 ,n[1 z mo/ ( 8 /ock  0 consum$1 x 0

 no long] an object = ,mynhe] to c\rt ! 
/ay  ( ! cavalry2 !re=e he w5t boldly to
 ,"l ,mac>tney ) a long  li/ ( damages1 
& 8 bill = corn1 c4 dem&+1 9 a v haughty
  mann]1 t ! f>m %\ld be evacuat$ by 8  
n[ unwelcome  visitors4    #8,bless me1 
,mr4 ,van ,clootz1' said 8 lord%ip1     
#8:y1 ,i ?\ght y 0  delight$ )          
revolution>y pr9ciples8'--#8,yes1 my "l1
 ,i am s2 !  acts ( ! ,fr5* nation %\ld 
be writt5 9 *>act]s ( gold6'--#8,&  yet1
 ,mr4 ,van ,clootz1 y compla9 aga9/ !   
troop ,i s5t to be  qu>t]$ ^u y--no1 no1
 ,sir2 y h be5 s fond ( ! sweets (      
revolution1 t ,i am resolv$ y %all ta/e 
"s ( its bitt]s  also3 !re=e ! cavalry  
%all rema9 at y\r f>m1 until y          
ackn[l$ge ! b5efits ( ,briti%           
protection1 & retire peaceably to  y\r  
l&s1 !re to cultivate corn1 in/ead ( s[+
 s$ition at  ,con/antia4'    ,! result  
may be easily guess$3 ,con/antia 0      
depopulat$1 &  ,mynhe] ,van ,clootz 0   
held 9 d]ision ?r\gh\t ! ,cape4 ,x %\ld 
n rema9 untold1 t1 h[ev] /rict ,"l      

,mac>tney might h be5  dur+ ! "t he     
gov]n$ at ! ,cape1 su* 0 ! impression   
made by  8 equitable1 lib]al1 & firm    
conduct1 t1 :5 he emb>k$ =  ,europe1 !  
inhabitants 7 truly griev$2 b consol$   
!mselves  "u ! hope1 t a petition !y s5t
 to 8 ,maje/y1 = !  re-appo9tm5t ( 8    
lord%ip1 might prove successful4    ,_m 
( ! f>ms1 )9 ! compass ( a morn+'s ride1
 are well  wor? see+2 n z objects (     
imitation1 b z display+ mu*  novelty1 & 
t5d+ to af=d a j idea ( ! "* ( a ,dut*  
agriculturi/ 9 t qu>t]4 ,! v9ey>ds1 &   
depts ( w9e at  ,con/antia1 are c]ta9ly 
curi\s2 especially :5 x is consid]$1  t 
! soil :i* produces t lusci\s w9e1 is   
conf9$ to a v  few acres1 ,i believe n m
 ?an =ty1 beyond :i*1 sets f !  same    
v9es1 "u circum/ances ( p]fect equality1
 9 reg>d to site  & culture1 produce a v
 diff]5t liquor1 little sup]ior to t    
sold at ! sev]al w9e-h\ses at sixp5ce p]
 qu>t1 & possess+ a  peculi> t]race\s   
flavor1 :i* does n dim9i% by keep+4 ,!  
/rang] n habituat$ to ! use ( ! ,cape   

w9es1 ei!r :ite or  r$1 %\ld be         
extremely cauti\s on 8 fir/ arrival to  
avoid !m2  dr9k+ port 9 _! /ead4 ,a     
neglect ( ?is precaution w produce      
consid]able inconv5i5ce1 & may be att5d$
 ) habitual di>rha4  ,i 0 "o ( f\r1 :o1 
on l&+ at ,false ,bay1 drank ab\t ?ree  
or  f\r glasses ea*1 & 7 viol5tly       
affect$ by x dur+ ! :ole (  ! foll[+    
night4    ,_m :al]s frequ5t ! coa/ to ! 
ea/w>d ( ! ,cape1 :]e !y  kill numb]s ( 
! :ite species1 :i* supply bo?          
sp]maceti1 & !  oil be>+ t "n4 ,9 ,false
 ,bay1 :i* includes a space equal to at 
lea/ two hundr$ squ>e miles1 black :ales
 may (t5 be se5 sport+  ab\t2 z1 inde$1 
!y may1 9 ,table ,bay1 close 9 among !  
rocks1  ab\t half a mile bel[ ! =t4 ,a  
few are kill$ by ! crews ( su*  %ips z h
 n be5 s =tunate z to fill ) ! =m] k9d2 
b  x seems to be done almo/ z mu* =     
pa/ime z = pr(it2 ! oil  extract$ f     
black :ales be+ v l[ 9 price2 x nei!r   
burn+  well1 nor mak+ s good soap z !   
sp]maceti k9d4    ,al?\gh ! w9t] mon?s  

are held to be v dang]\s = vessels  rid+
 9 ,table ,bay1 on acc\nt ( ! dreadful  
swell t sometimes  sets 9 f ! nor?-we/1 
t[>ds :i* x is mu* expos$1 x is1  h[ev]1
 r>e t vessels are lo/ !re9 dur+ t      
season2 no  d\bt1 9 consequ5ce ( _! v   
%ort /ay1 & ( _! usually  proce$+ to    
,seamon's ,bay1 ! inhabit$ "p ( :i* is  
ab\t  tw5ty-five miles f ,cape ,t[n4 ,! 
,sceptre1 ( #fd guns1 toge!r )  a ,dani%
 #gd1 & ab\t t5 or twelve o!r vessels1 7
 wreck$ 9  ,table ,bay on ! #e? (       
,novemb]1 #agii2 a p]iod :5 a gale ( w9d
  f ! nor?-we/ is nev] expect$4 ,to make
 up = ! defici5cy1  t "p ( ! ye> is     
att5d$ ) v /iff breezes f !  s\?-ea/1   
:i* drive up ! small gravel aga9/ "o's  
face ) su*  =ce z to give v acute pa94  
,^! s\?-ea/]s1 z !y are  call$1 c]ta9ly 
produce excell5t effects2 cool+ ! air1 &
  de/roy+ an inf9ite numb] ( insects4   
,nature has be5 truly lib]al 9 !        
pr(usion ( fl[]s %e has  scatt]$ ?r\gh\t
 ?is "p ( ,africa3 ! pla9s are cov]$ )  
hea?s1 or he!rs1 ( an exquisite         

fragrance1 ( b\ndless v>iety1 &  ( ! mo/
 delicate color+ & =mation4 ,! :ole     
c\ntry1 :]e  ! soil is n absolutely     
b>r51 teems ) all t c\ld enri* a        
pleasure g>d52 among ^!1 ! wild g]aniums
 be> a l>ge  proportion3 ! pla9 beyond !
 camp at ,w9e-,burg absolutely resembl+ 
a ri* c>pet6    ,! opposite side (      
,table ,bay1 z se5 f ,cape ,t[n1 (f]s   
no?+  pleas+ to ! eye2 ! coa/ appe>+ to 
be l[1 s&y1 & b>r51  ris+ gradually into
 a range ( hills1 display+ little       
arborage1 or  v]dure1 :i* connect ) ^?  
on ! ea/ side ( ,false ,bay1 =m+  a "p (
 ! di/rict call$ ,hott5tot ,holl&2 :]e9 
are p>tially  int]sp]s$ small f>ms1 t   
comb9e to supply ,cape ,t[n )           
provision4    ,! back ( ! ,table        
,m\nta91 s call$ f its top appe>+       
horizontal = sev]al hundr$ y>ds1 inde$1 
= ne> half a mile1 is  rugg$1 & ( a mo/ 
dismal hue4 ,:5 ! w9d bl[s f ! we/w>d1  
! cl\ds come roll+ d[n1 p]fectly        
conceal+ ! m\nta9 ne>ly  to :at appe>s  
to be its base4 ,9 t1 h[ev]1 ! spectator

 is  deceiv$2 = a block-h\se erect$ on a
 "p ( ! hill :]e !  signal port /&s1    
call$ ! ,lion's ,rump1 & :i* is also    
app>5tly  ne> ! base1 has be5 asc]ta9$1 
by measurem5t1 to equal !  highe/ "p (  
,gibralt> 9 elevation above ! sea4 ,f   
?is1 z well  z f its be+ disc]nible at  
full ?irty leagues di/ance1 "s idea  may
 be =m$ ( ! /up5d\s height ( ! ,table   
,m\nta94    ,x appe>s probable1 t b = t 
regulation :i* disqualifies  p]sons :o  
unnecess>ily put into h>b\rs deem$ at   
c]ta9 p]iods  unsafe1 f recov]+ _!      
insurances 9 case ( loss1 few %ips  w\ld
 resort to ,false ,bay4 ,! di/ance1 !   
badness ( ! road to ,cape  ,t[n1 !      
difficulty ( procur+ supplies & /ores1 )
 v>i\s  o!r inconv5i5ces1 comb9e to give
 ! pref]5ce to ,table ,bay1  not)/&+ !  
reput$ haz>d4 ,at ,cape ,t[n abundance (
  accommodation1 ( e description1 may be
 _h2 :]eas1 at ,seamon's  ,bay1 !re are 
n m ?an two or ?ree h\ses :]e p]sons (  
respectability c\ld lodge4 ,9 say+ ?is1 
,i exempt ! qu>t]s  allott$ to ! (fic]s1

 :i* are v com=table4 ,aft] all t c  be 
urg$ 9 fav\r ( ,seamon's ,bay1 x is by  
no means a safe h>b\r2 z  ! bones (     
sev]al vessels1 deep buri$ 9 ! s&y bea*1
 at !  mo/ retir$ "p1 :i* is a p]fect   
cul de sac1 suffici5tly  corroborate4   
,!re are1 besides1 sunk5 rocks ne> its  
m\?1 on :i*  sev]al %ips h /ruck3 "o1   
call$ ! ,anvil1 f its flat surface1     
caus$ ! loss ( ! ,colebrook1 ,indiaman1 
"s ye>s ago4 ,ano!r1  designat$ !       
,bell[s1 f ! p]petual ro> x occasions1  
/&s  ab\t two miles f ! s\!rnmo/ po9t ( 
! ,cape3 x is n s  dang]\s z ! o!rs2 be+
 disc]nible full t5 miles (f1 ow+ to  ! 
imm5se surfs1 aris+ f a /rong curr5t    
t[>ds ! we/w>d1  :i* are p]petually     
break+ ov] x4    ,! ,cape1 consid]$ z a 
colony1 _c be said1 at pres5t1 to be    
valuable 9 any respect1 except z an     
asylum = %ipp+1 homew>d or  outw>d b\nd4
 ,! supplies requisite = ! t[n are d]iv$
 f !  labors ( a few boors1 settl$ at "s
 di/ance4 ,h5ce1 provisions are  by no  
means *eap2 nor w\ld !y be s1 ev5 if !  

dem&s ( ,/4  ,hel5a c\ld be answ]$ f any
 o!r qu>t]2 s9ce ! indol5ce (  ! ,dut*  
agriculturi/s w\ld1 x is to be fe>$1    
cause !m to limit  _! op]ations 9       
proportion z ! consumption might        
decrease4 ,x is1  d\btless1 ow+ to "s   
su* cause1 t ! great] "p ( ! slaves  are
 ma9ta9$ ^u a v black1 heavy k9d (      
bread1 on :i* ! fat  ( %eeps' tails is  
sme>$1 z a sub/itute = butt]2 & t !  l[]
 classes ( ! population live 9 ! mo/    
wret*$ mann]4 ,?is  %\ld seem           
inexcusable1 :]e ?\s&s ( acres ( good   
soil lie  unhe$$1 )9 su* a mod]ate      
di/ance ( ! t[n z c\ld sc>cely  fail to 
repay ! ord9>y exp5ces ( cultivation4   
,al?\gh nei!r coal1 nor peat1 is f\nd at
 ! ,cape1 & ! colony is  dep5dant       
entirely on ! arborage ( ! vic9ity =    
fuel1 x is v  rem>kable t little1 or r  
no1 pa9s are tak5 to insure a  supply4  
,if we except a few plantations1 made   
purely = ornam5t1 at !  sev]al          
g>d5-h\ses )9 six or sev5 miles ( ,cape 
,t[n1 we may 9  va9 se>* = any symptoms 

( =esight 9 respect to ! future  supply 
( s indisp5sable an article4 ,i         
recollect /at+ ?is to a  g5tleman1 :o   
seem$ to be1 9 o!r respects1 well in=m$ 
( ,cape  affairs2 b he sil5c$ me ) a    
rem>k :i* appe>$ unansw]able2  tak+ =   
grant$ x 0 true4 ,he said1 #8,we h      
endeavor$1 ev] s9ce  tak+ possession ( !
 colony1 to induce ! ,dut* to plant1 &  
to  till1 ! adjac5t l&s2 b 9 va93 !y    
pref] a sc>city1 or at  lea/ a pret5d$  
"o1 on all occasions2 because !y ?9k x  
di/resses u1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 !y h an
 excell5t plea =  extort+ ! highe/      
prices4 ,possess$ ( 8 waggon1 & team1   
,mynhe]  c always supply 8 own wants at 
a c]ta9 rate2 b if m is  br\ght ?an is  
requir$ = 8 own use1 ! surplus is sp>$  
to u  = a sum :i* cov]s ! :ole exp5ce3  
!re=e1 ! de>] !  article1 ! bett] = !   
waggon-ma/]6'    ,i am free to confess1 
t :]e su* hauteur1 indol5ce1 & extortion
  prevail1 & t1 too1 v ext5sively &     
actively1 aga9/ a  protect+ p[]1 7= we  
really d n appe> z conqu]ors 9 t        

qu>t]17 ,i %\ld n hesitate to adopt su* 
measures z might fully  meet ! exig5cy4 
,if1 9 s do+1 ,i %\ld w\nd ! feel+s1 or 
p>tially injure ! rights1 ( !           
inhabitants1 my argum5t w\ld be  brief1 
viz4 #8,y creat$ a necessity1 &         
necessity has no law4' ,?\gh1  "h & !re1
 some?+ resembl+ an ,european vehicle   
may be se51  ! g5]al in/rum5t (         
conveyance1 :e!r ( families travell+1 or
  tak+ ! air1 is a waggon1 usually drawn
 by eight small1 b fi]y  horses4 ,"o    
,hott5tot commonly holds ! re9s ( ! pair
 next !  :eels1 :ile ano!r1 ) an imm5se 
:ip1 n less 9 ! :ole ?an  ?irty feet    
long1 manages ! team ) wondr\s dext]ity4
 ,9 ^!  waggons are commonly ?ree b5*es1
 slung crosswise1 on lea!r /raps2  ea*  
b5* hold+ two p]sons4 ,!y are likewise  
provid$ ) pa9t$  canvas tilts1 made to  
take (f at pleasure4 ,! motion ( su* a  
waggon1  :ile go+ ov] ! r\gh "p betwe5 !
 two capes1 is #8mo/  horrible6'    ,!  
lumb]-waggons are made 9 ! rude/ mann]1 
g5]ally ) l>ge  truck :eels2 "s are     

bo>d$1 or ev5 ?at*$1 above1 & absolutely
  look l mov+ h\ses4 ,:e!r ow+ to !     
awkw>dness ( _!  con/ruction1 or to !   
badness ( ! roads1 or to t incorrigible 
?+ call$ cu/om1 may n be easy to decide2
 ?\gh1 possibly1 _!  jo9t op]ation may  
be reasonably consid]$ ! cause2 x is    
c]ta9ly  true1 t1 ev5 ) six or eight    
pairs ( r /\t1 b  high-bon$1 ox51 su* a 
waggon r>ely travels m ?an twelve or    
fifte5 miles )9 ! day4 ,nor is ! pl\gh a
 :it bett] manag$4  ,?is /up5d\s ma*9e1 
:i* appe>s calculat$ to turn up :ole    
m\nta9s 9 its progress1 r>ely gets ?r\gh
 m ?an two roods  daily1 ?\gh drawn by  
six ox51 all 9 a l9e1 & aid$ by ?ree m52
  "o ( :om holds ! pl\gh /ilt1 7!re be+ 
b "o17 ano!r  drives ) ! usual enorm\s  
:ip1 & ! ?ird guides ! lead+  ox4    ,! 
op]ation ( ?ra%+ is commonly p]=m$ 9 !  
op5 air1 )9  an enclos$ circle1 ab\t    
tw5ty y>ds 9 diamet]1 surr\nd$ by a     
/one1 or mud wall1 ab\t f\r feet high3 !
 floor is made ( clay &  lime1 ramm$ v  
h>d4 ,! %eaves be+ scatt]$ )9 ! circle1 

! f>m]'s horses are turn$ 91 & driv5    
ab\t by a slave1 :o1  be+ provid$ ) a   
:ip1 /&s 9 ! c5tre1 & *ases ! cattle    
ab\t2 :ile two1 or m1 ( 8 associates 9  
bondage1 /ir !  %eaves ) =k$ /icks1 9   
ord] t e "p may be equally  trodd5 by ! 
gallop+ /e$s4 ,! w9n[+ is done 9 ! same 
area2  ! horses be+ s5t into ano!r      
circle1 to repeat _! labors1 :ile       
sev]al m51 fir/ remov+ ! /raw1 sweep !  
?ra%+s t[>ds !  w9dw>d side1 & !re toss 
x up1 t ! w9d1 :i* is commonly  r       
=cible1 may bl[ ! *aff to ! lee side1   
:ile ! corn  falls ne>ly c5trical2 (    
c\rse1 z ! latt] goes ) little  fur!r   
prep>ation to ! mill1 ! fl\r may be     
suppos$ to conta9 no  small portion (   
grit4 ,! quantity ( gra9 bruis$1 & left 
9 !  /raw1 mu/ be consid]able4    ,few  
%ips rema9 long en\gh to all[ ( pass5g]s
 proce$+ to !  int]ior2 :]e1 h[ev]1 !y  
w\ld f9d mu* to admire4 ,at "s ( !  f>ms
 !y may be well accommodat$1 ) ! great  
advantage ( f9d+  _! purses f> less     
bur!nsome on _! return6 ,! fam\s v9ey>ds

  ( ,/ell5bos* are well wor? see+1 z is 
! ,salt ,lake1 :i*  annually dries1     
leav+ a b$ ( muriate ( soda _m miles 9  
diamet]1  & ( unkn[n dep?6 ,surely1 9   
p>ts acc\nt$ /]ile1 su* a dept  ( manure
 ought n to be ov]look$4 ,! hot ba?s1   
situate 9 a mo/  romantic valley ab\t   
=ty miles f ! ,cape1 dem& ! travell]'s  
att5tion4 ,:e!r he may proce$ on        
horseback1 7z ,i %\ld recomm5d17  or 9 a
 waggon1 a gun w be useful2 bo? on      
acc\nt ( ! prodigi\s  quantity ( game1 (
 e description1 & z a def5ce aga9/ !    
num]\s wild bea/s :i* infe/ all ! woody 
c\ntry beyond ,hott5tot  ,holl&4    ,i h
 be5 induc$ to ent] ^u ! =ego+ details  
reg>d+ !  ,cape1 f ! consid]ation ( its 
be+ intimately atta*$ to our  ,asiatic  
possessions2 & because s l>ge a portion 
( ^? :o visit  !m1 t\* !re2 ei!r 9 go+  
to1 or :5 return+ f1 ,india4  ,!        
political importance ( a po9t s         
advantage\sly situat$1 &  hav+ su* an   
expanse ( t]ritory annex$1 may1 p]haps1 
at "s  conv5i5t mom5t1 become a subject 

= future discussion3 9 ! mean  :ile1 z  
connect$ ) ! ,cape1 ,i %all treat ( ,/4 
,hel5a4    ,?is isl& is mo/ s+ul>ly     
situat$1 be+ 9 ! #af? degree (  s\?     
latitude1 & sep>at$ f ! two cont95ts (  
,africa &  ,am]ica by imm5se seas1 9 e  
"p unfa?omable3 f ! =m] x  is ab\t #abjj
 miles di/ant2 f ! latt] ab\t #ahjj4    
,accord+ to an  analytic description1   
publi%$ 9 #ahje1 x appe>s tol]ably      
c]ta91  t ,sa9t ,hel5a owes its         
elevation above ! sea to "s great       
convulsion ( nature2 probably to1 an    
e>?quake3 = x does n1 l  its neighb\r   
,asc5sion1 %ew mu* rema9s ( volcanic    
matt]1 nei!r  does !re appe> any cavity 
at all resembl+ a crat]4 ,on !  contr>y1
 ! :ole isl& is compos$ ( imm5se /rata (
 rock1  *iefly basaltic1 :i*1 f ! v>iety
 ( directions !y assume1  "s decl9+ "o  
way1 "s ano!r1 :ile a few assume ne>ly a
  p]p5dicul> t5d5cy1 may be suppos$ to h
 be5 disrupt$1 &  eject$ f ! great      
sub-m>9e mass1 by "s trem5d\s e>?quake4 
,x w\ld be difficult to =m ! lea/ idea (

 ! p]iod :5 t  ev5t took place2 nor1    
inde$1 c x be altoge!r c]tifi$ t ?is    
isl& 0 n coval ) ! creation2 s9ce :i* x 
may h  und]gone v>i\s *anges1 f volcanic
 op]ations )9 ! deep3 !  appe>ance (    
c9d]s )\t lava1 & ! regul> int]mixture (
  clay1 especially ( puzolana1 ) ! rock1
 by su* a gradual  int]c\rse z to leave 
x undet]m9$ :]e ! "o beg9s1 & !  o!r    
ceases1 may be consid]$ a lusus natur1 &
 c]ta9ly t5ds to  involve ! orig9 ( ?is 
n[ valuable isl& /ill m among !  arcana 
( nature4    ,situat$ 9 ! he>t ( ! trade
 w9ds1 & cov]+ s small a space1  ! :ole 
isl& giv+ a gir? ( less ?an tw5ty-eight 
miles1 x is  n to be expect$ t mu* ra9  
%\ld fall ^u x3 su* is !  inc]titude    
reg>d+ a supply ( wat]1 t = ?ree ye>s 9 
succession sc>ce a %[] fell6 ,?is sev]e 
dr\ght prov$ fatal to a  v l>ge quantity
 ( cattle1 :i* _h1 dur+ ! c\rse ( _m    
prec$+ seasons1 be5 rais$ by ! indu/ri\s
 ef=ts ( !  inhabitants4 ,su* 7 ! *agr91
 & ! disappo9tm5t1 felt on !  occasion1 
t few h1 s9ce t p]iod1 turn$ _! att5tion

 to  ! re>+ ( live /ock 9 any quantity4 
,wat] w\ld nev] be want+1 if prop] means
 7 tak5 = its  pres]vation2 z almo/ e   
valley has a copi\s spr+1 ! produce  (  
:i* might be reta9$ 9 tanks l9$ ) ! clay
 e :]e  ab\nd+4 ,^! tanks %\ld be       
situat$ z ne> z possible to !  spr+     
heads2 be+ dug 9 ! =m ( a cone re/+ on  
its base1 s z  to leave b little surface
 = evaporation4 ,by ?is means !y might  
be  kept 9 a cont9ual /ate ( ov]fl[1 f !
 upp] tank or cone1 to  o!rs bel[ !     
level ( its surface1 at su* di/ances z  
%\ld be  judg$ prop]4 ,! s\rce ( ! spr+ 
supply+ ! /ream t fl[s  ?r\gh ,james's  
,valley1 :5ce ! %ipp+ receive _! wat]1  
_c  be less ?an six hundr$ feet above ! 
level ( ! sea2 !re=e1  admitt+ t a      
succession ( tanks 7 to be made at su*  
places z  might be be/ suit$ to !       
ret5tion ( wat]1 & to ! supply (        
cattle1 c4 x foll[s1 t any quantity1    
beyond ! actual  consumption1 might be  
upheld = times ( sc>city4    ,x _c fail 
to a/oni% my read]s1 t no means :atev] h

 be5  tak5 to prev5t ev5 ! /ream above  
allud$ to f be+ lo/1 :5  !y are in=m$ t 
x is comput$1 inde$1 has be5 kn[n to    
supply  no less ?an two ?\s& tons 9 ?ree
 days2 & c\ld h furni%$ a  mu* great]   
quantity1 _h x be5 practicable to br+ m 
boats1 at  ! same mom5t1 ne> en\gh to ! 
:>f-cocks1 to h ! hoses laid  into _!   
respective casks4 ,i h he>d1 t a        
computation ( !  spr+ 0 made1 :5ce x 0  
%ewn to be equal to t conduit :i*       
supplies ,liv]pool4 ,n[1 ! :ole         
population ( ,/4 ,hel5a are suppos$  to 
be r "u1 ?an ov]1 #cjjj2 :i*1 comp>$ )  
,liv]pool1 at  once displays !          
possibility ( gu>d+ aga9/ dr\ght2 ?\gh !
  l&s %\ld be /ock$ to _! utmo/ )       
cattle4 ,?is1 ( itself1 is  suffici5t   
reason = ! adoption ( "s plan = prev5t+ 
!  escape ( ! surplus fluid2 :i* ought  
to be reta9$ z high up z  possible2 b :5
 we consid]1 t1 "u su* an improvem5t1   
agriculture w\ld ?rive 9 situations n[  
deem$ unt5able by any  f>m]1 m]ely f a  
want ( wat]1 !re ought to be no         

hesitation 9  resort+ to ! prop] means =
 secur+ a due supply ?r\gh\t !  isl&4   
,we %\ld1 at ! same "t1 adv]t to !      
regul> op]ations ( nature1  :i* ev]     
con=m to ! *anges produc$1 ei!r by "t or
 by art4  ,! naturali/ well kn[s1 t 9   
all well wood$ isl&s1 h[ev]  di/ant f   
cont95ts1 ! dews are rem>kably heavy1 & 
enc\rage  vegetation to its utmo/       
luxuriance3 if1 !n1 ! soil c\ld aga9 be 
cov]$ ) arborage1 7=1 :5 fir/ discov]$1 
ab\t ?ree hundr$  ye>s ago1 ! v summits 
( ! hills 7 amply clo!d ) trees1  ( :i* 
"s 7 peculi> to ! isl&17 x is obvi\s1 t1
 ev5  )\t ! aid ( irrigation1 an        
abundance ( p]petual pa/urage might  be 
f\nd4 ,9 t case1 e acre might h its     
inhabitant2 :]eas1  at ?is day1 comput+ 
! :ole area to measure1 accord+ to a v  
accurate survey1 ab\t #cj1cjj acres1 & !
 population to be #cjjj2 x  %\ld seem   
evid5t1 t1 al?\gh !re is n m ?an "o     
inhabitant to e t5 acres1 at lea/       
f\r-fif?s ( _! provision  are drawn f   
o!r c\ntries4    ,! au?or ( !           

#8,description ( ,/4 ,hel5a1' quotes "s 
anecdotes  :i* %ew ! n>r[ views ( ^?    
p]sons :o h nev] quitt$ !  isl&4 ,9 "o  
in/ance1 #8a top-ma/1 or o!r sp>1 is    
res]v$ z a  great acquisition1 to be    
sold at an imm5se pr(it to "s vessel 9  
di/ress3' 9 ano!r1 ! au?or /ates 8 hav+ 
be5 ask$1 #8if !  arrival ( ! ,india    
fleet did n make ,london v gay6'    ,9  
^!1 we c]ta9ly recognise ! language (   
insulat$ ignorance2  b :5 ! au?or makes 
a je/ ( t exclamation ( a native1 :o1  9
 walk+ ) him ov] a spot luxuriantly     
v]dant1 decl>$1 t #8if  ! :ole isl& 7 l 
t "p1 x w\ld be ! ri*e/ spot 9  ! _w2' !
 joke does n fit4 ,i am well aw>e ( !   
hyp]bole (  su* an en?usia/ic           
expression2 b1 f :at appe>$ at !        
,gov]nm5t ,h\se1 :]e1 "u ! fo/]+ c>e (  
,colonel ,brooke1 !  late gov]nor1      
wond]ful improvem5ts _h be5 affect$1    
especially 9  ! culture ( exotics2 &    
hav+ witness$ ! great p]fection to  :i* 
vegetables _h be5 rais$1 on a f>m 9 !   
occupation ( !  late ,major ,edw>d      

,smy?1 ( ! artill]y2 z well z !         
plantations  upheld1 "u mo/ inauspici\s 
circum/ances1 by ! late ,deputy         
,gov]nor ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,robson3 ,i
 feel no hesitation 9 av[+ an  op9ion1 t
 ! n[ dre>y1 bleak1 unc\? summits ( ,/4 
,hel5a1  might become bo? ornam5tal &   
useful2 :ile ! l[] p>ts %\ld  teem )    
corn1 w9e1 & oil4    ,9 a climate :]e no
 hurricanes de/roy ! crops1 :]e ! m$ium 
temp]ature is ab\t #ed1 :]e heal? &     
longevity seem to hold _!  c\rt1 & :]e  
!re exi/ ! greate/ ess5tials t[>ds      
culture1  7viz4 clay1 lime-/one1 s&1 &  
manure1 9 ! greate/ abundance17 ,i      
really _c see :y ?is n[ neglect$1 &     
comp>atively desolate1  isl&1 %\ld n    
become a p]fect p>adise6 ,t heal? %\ld  
be a  common bless+ among ! natives1    
does n appe> wond]ful2 because  !y h n !
 means ( excess1 at lea/ n 9 dr9k+2 =   
w9e1  & spirits1 are mo/ exorbitantly   
de>4 ,i happ5$ to be at ,gov]nor        
,brooke's on ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 #ahjj1 :5
 intellig5ce 0 br\ght t !  :ole ( !     

troops 7 plung$ into ! deepe/           
affliction1 by !  loss ( a cask ( rum1  
s]v$ f ! /ores z ! usual basis (  annual
 fe/ivity3 9 roll+ up t[>ds ! b>racks1 !
 cask _h  bur/1 & spill$ e drop ( its   
preci\s cont5ts4 ,?is1 9 any  o!r       
situation1 w\ld n h giv5 a mom5t's      
uneas9ess2 !  defici5cy might h be5     
easily made up3 b1 at ,/4 ,hel5a1 :]e ! 
mo/ sp>+ economy1 9 reg>d to all        
articles ( subsi/5ce1 is  indisp5sably  
necess>y1 & :]e no private suttl]s c\ld 
fill up !  blank1 x 0 really a mo/      
uncom=table circum/ance6    ,x _c be    
expect$1 aft] ! above detail1 t         
provision %\ld be  *eap1 or abundant3 s 
f> ! rev]se1 t p]sons ( all ranks daily 
receive _! rations f ! /ores1 z         
indisp5sable t[>ds _!  exi/5ce4 ,h5ce1  
%eep1 p\ltry1 fl\r1 c4 are r>ely        
procurable1 9  any quantity1 = ! supply 
( ! homew>d-b\nd %ipp+2 :i*1  be+       
sometimes deta9$ = mon?s1 wait+ =       
convoy1 occasions _!  pass5g]s to be put
 to consid]able exp5ce1 )\t d]iv+       

proportionate com=t2 valetud9>ians be+ !
 only /rang]s1 :o1 9  su* cases1        
exp]i5ce ! smalle/ b5efit f ! det5tion4 
,x w\ld be difficult to /ate ! exp5ces  
incid5t to resid5ce at any  ( ^? h\ses  
:]e lodg+s are let3 :i* includes all1   
except+  ab\t half a doz5 ( ! s5iors on 
! isl&3 ! rates v>y  accord+ to ! dem&  
at ! mom5t1 or ! expectation ( e>ly     
arrivals4 ,x may be conclud$1 t *eapness
 nei!r is1 nor c be1  ! *>act]i/ic (    
,james ,t[n1 :5 ,i obs]ve1 t1 m]ely = ! 
use ( an ap>tm5t1 su* z no?+ b ! *ange (
 sc5e w\ld h  induc$ me to occupy1 :]e9 
,i occasionally slept on a truck-b$1    
:]e( ! :ole app>atus might safely h be5 
s5t to ! pap]  mills1 ! *>ge made 0     
twelve %ill+s daily1 or r nightly2  = ,i
 nev] ate a meal 9 ! h\se4 ,let x n be  
und]/ood t ,i  speak ?is 9 d]ogation ( !
 p3 f> o!rwise2 ,i exp]i5c$ all  !      
civility !y _h ! opportunity ( %ew+1 &  
,i really believe  !y regrett$ _! want (
 means to r5d] my slumb]s m  refre%+4   
,_! ex]tions might1 p]haps1 h obta9$ me 

a m com=table  lodg+1 b !re 7 o!r matt]s
 f> beyond _! p[] to rem$y3  among ^!   
may be notic$ ! myriads ( cock-roa*es1  
7or blatta  gigantea17 :i* at night     
crawl$ ab\t ! b$2 (f5d+ n only by  ! v  
unpleasant s5sations produc$ by _!      
claws1 b by _!  peculi>ly nause\s sc5t4 
,z = rats1 ( no small bre$1 nor1 inde$1 
conf9$ to "o species1 !y made z free1 at
 all h\rs1 z ?\gh !y  _h paid = _!      
lodg+1 & absolutely seem$ to approa* )  
p]fect indiff]5ce3 _! gallop+s1 n only  
)9 ! walls1 b  ov] me z ,i slept1 toge!r
 ) "s v unc]emoni\s pulls at my  hair1  
7= ,i !n us$ p[d]17 at l5g? compell$ me 
to sleep1 :5  opportunity (f]$1 on bo>d 
! vessel1 :]e9 our /ock ( ^!            
deva/ators1 ?\gh n insignificant1 0     
consid]ably less num]\s1  & f> m res]v$4
 ,we _h1 h[ev]1 abundance ( cock-roa*es1
 ab\t  two in*es 9 l5g?1 & an in* broad2
 b1 ow+ to ! pa9s tak5  to cat* !m by   
means ( sauc]s fill$ ) oil1 ( :i* !y are
  extremely fond1 _! numb]s 7 greatly   
r$uc$2 b we c\ld nev]  hope = _!        

extirpation1 z e crevice af=d$ !m %elt]1
 &  ! opportunity ( deposit+ _! eggs 9  
safety4    ,x may be ask$ :y ,i did n   
move to "s o!r h\se8 ,9 reply  !reto1 x 
w be only necess>y to obs]ve1 t ,i 0    
recomm5d$ to  ! good folks1 or !y to me1
 7,i =get :i*7 by a g5tleman to ^:      
urbanity & k9dness ,i 0 "u mu*          
obligation3 besides1 ,i 0 daily  9 hopes
 ( quitt+ ! isl&2 !re=e judg$ x mo/     
exp$i5t to  rema9 :]e ,i 01 le/ ,i      
might1 by avoid+ ,scylla1 /umble ^u     
,*>ybdis4 ,!re are "o or two %ops 9     
,james ,t[n1 :]e goods (  v>i\s         
descriptions are sold4 ,i _h occasion to
 buy a hat1 = :i* ,i  paid t5 doll>s1 & 
on my arrival 9 ,engl& f\nd t x c\ld    
nev]  h /ood ! export] 9 m ?an twelve   
%ill+s1 ev5 "u a  salt-wat] invoice4 ,b 
x 0 ! be/ t 0 = sale1 & ,i 0  compell$  
to ! pur*ase4    ,su* %ips z h t\*$ at !
 ,cape1 on _! return f ,india1 are      
usually well /ock$ ) e species (        
provision1 & ev5 import  _! own fuel2   
accord+ to exi/+ regulations3 7 !y to be

  suppli$ ) t article1 or inde$ ) any   
o!r1 to mu* ext5t1  ! di/ress occasion$ 
to ! inhabitants w\ld be deplorable4    
,?is  defici5cy ( fuel is occasion$1 at 
pres5t1 by ! numb] ( wild  goats1 e :]e 
secret+ !mselves among ! crags2 dur+ !  
night "t !y desc5d to ! plantations1 &  
to ! fields1 cropp+  e ?+ )9 _! rea*4   
,until a w> ( ext]m9ation1 z is n[      
propos$1 be c>ri$ on aga9/ ^! de/ructive
 animals1 x w be  useless to attempt    
plant+1 at lea/ on su* a scale z %\ld   
prove  b5eficial to ! inhabitants4 ,x   
may ju/ly be suppos$1 t no weak         
measures c\ld produce s desirable a     
result2 b x is reasonable to  conclude1 
t1 if a p>ty ( soldi]s 7 to be po/$     
daily on ^?  sup]ior po9ts :5ce ! goats 
c\ld be se5 & al>m$2 & if a  numb] (    
half-br$ greyh\nds 7 to be kept to run  
!m d[n1 mu*  might be done 9 ! c\rse ( a
 few ye>s2 especially if a rew>d 7  giv5
 = e goat de/roy$1 by :atev] means4     
,yams & potatoes are cultivat$ 9        
tol]able quantities on v>i\s  p>ts ( !  

isl&2 b ! =m] w n gr[ except 9 v *oice  
situations1 su* z vallies ?r\gh :i*     
/reams fl[4 ,9 ,major ,smy?'s  gr\nds1  
an imm5se v>iety ( our escul5ts 7 to be 
se51 gr[+  luxuriantly3 ,i recollect 8  
po9t+ out to me a peculi>ity reg>d+  !  
leek1 & ! onion1 9 bo? :i* he _h be5    
frequ5tly  disappo9t$1 aft] plant+ !m to
 /& = se$4 ,z an exp]im5t  :i* did n    
promise success1 he s[$ ! little se$    
vessels :i*  =m ! globul> head ( ! /ems2
 & f\nd1 t1 by s do+1 he  c\ld insure a 
regul>1 & v rapid succession4 ,he cut (f
 ! heads1  & sep>at$ ! capsules1 :5 !y 7
 9 _! gre5 /ate1 b  r incl9+ to         
maturity4    ,hav+ und\bt$ pro( ( !     
read9ess ) :i* _m plants1  indig5\s to !
 cold1 z well z to ! hot1 regions1 may  
be  naturaliz$ at ,/4 ,hel5a1 x mu/     
excite "s surprise to be in=m$1  t no   
public measures h yet be5 tak5 to /ock !
 isl& ) a  v>iety ( quick-gr[+ & useful 
trees2 :i*1 be+ collect$ on  favorable  
spots1 might s]ve z ! dept = future     
supplies4 ,!  v>i\s species ( palms     

?rive amaz+ly1 z does ! peepul2 ( :i*1  
= a long "t1 !re 0 only "o 9 ! isl&1 &  
no p]son c\ld  tell :5ce x came6    ,x  
seems curi\s1 t pea*es %\ld ?rive s     
luxuriantly1 & acquire  su* an admirable
 flavor1 not)/&+ ! dryness ( !          
atmosph]e3  =m]ly1 ?is fruit 0 9 su*    
abundance1 t l>ge quantities us$  to be 
giv5 to ! hogs4 ,unhappily1 an insect1  
only to be di/+ui%$  by ! aid ( glasses1
 0 import$ ) "s slips f ! ,con/antia    
v9es3 ^! attack$ ! pea* trees1 dev\r+ _!
 b>k1 &  de/roy+ at lea/ n9e-t5?s ( _!  
numb]4 ,x is said1 t e  means h be5 tri$
 to annihilate ^! m9ute plund]]s1 or to 
det]  !m f _! wont$ attacks1 b )\t      
effect4 ,i recollect1 t1  ab\t tw5ty    
ye>s ago1 a premium 0 giv5 by "s        
association1  7probably ! society = !   
enc\ragem5t ( arts17 to a p]son :o      
discov]$ a means ( ridd+ trees f ?is    
description ( clu/]+  insects4 ,x 0 v   
simple2 & 0 effect$ by bor+ holes ) a   
gimlet1 obliquely d[nw>ds1 into ! body (
 ! trunk1 ne> !  gr\nd1 & fill+ !m )    

quicksilv]2 aft] :i* ! holes 7  clos$ by
 means ( pit*1 or plugs ( wood4 ,z      
possibly ?is has nev]  be5 essay$ at ,/4
 ,hel5a1 ,i give x a place "u ! hope (  
its  prov+ useful3 x is1 h[ev]1 said to 
r5d] ev]gre5s decidu\s4    ,! teak1 &   
poon trees1 bo? ( :i* are ( important   
s]vice 9  naval ar*itecture1 might      
c]ta9ly be rais$ to great size 9 ,/4    
,hel5a4 ,! burghut1 or banian tree1     
might also ?rive2 b ,i %\ld  except     
aga9/ x z requir+ too mu* n\ri%m5t1 &   
exhau/+ !  soil1 )\t be+ any wise useful
 z timb]4 ,! tam>9d tree1 ?\gh  x       
supplies a l>ge proportion ( fruit1 has 
?is objection aga9/ x1  t x is peculi>ly
 unfri5dly to all o!rs 9 its vic9ity3 no
 grass  w gr[ "u x2 & p]sons :o sleep   
b5ea? its %elt]1 or )9  its influ5ce1   
are subject$ to fev]s3 its timb] is     
sub/antial1 be+  h>d & heavy1 b by no   
means /rong1 on acc\nt ( its t5d5cy to  
rive1 & to />t into fissures2 especially
 at ^? knots :5ce  b\ghs h be5 ?r[n out4
 ,! bamboo may be cultivat$ to v great  

advantage3 x gr[s1 ?r\gh\t ,india1 on ! 
mo/ elevat$ situations1  & on spots :]e 
sc>cely a h&ful ( soil is to be f\nd 9 !
  vic9ity ( its roots4 ,! value ( ?is   
re$1 7= x is no?+ m1  ?\gh x rea*es to !
 height ( sev5ty feet1 & frequ5tly      
measures  f five to six in*es 9         
diamet]17 w\ld be incalculable1 7 x     
appli$ m]ely to mak+ f5ces2 :i*1 9 su* a
 climate1 w\ld be v  durable4 ,an       
invaluable acquisition w\ld be obta9$ f 
its m  g5]al culture1 especially z x is 
( v quick gr[?4 ,b ! mo/  important     
advantages w\ld c]ta9ly att5d ! =mation 
( v9e-y>ds1  9 su* p>ts z might1 by _!  
aspect & soil1 be be/ suit$ to !        
purpose4 ,! temp]ature ( ! climate is   
highly favorable1 !  !rmomet] av]ag+1   
dur+ ! summ] season1 f #gf to #gi &     
#hj1 & r>ely fall+ bel[ #ed4 ,t great   
enemy to grapes1 ra91 is  n mu* to be   
dread$2 ?\gh x _c be d\bt$1 t 9         
proportion  z vegetation %\ld be        
increas$ by assidu\s plant+1 & by       
pres]v+ due supplies ( wat] = ! upp]    

levels1 m dew & m  ra9 w\ld fall3 h[ev]1
 n to su* excess z to ru9 ! v9e-y>ds4   
,c(fee has be5 f\nd to ?rive "h2 b ,i   
mu* d\bt :e!r x w\ld  be an object to   
cultivate t :i* is s abundant ?r\gh\t ! 
,we/  ,indies1 & :i* c be s amply       
suppli$ f c\ntries1 :5ce x  comes z a   
return = our own manufactures4    ,!    
great1 at lea/ ! prim>y1 object %\ld be 
to add to !  res\rces ( ! pres5t        
inhabitants1 & gradually to effect su*  
an  excess ( provision1 ( _! own rais+1 
z %\ld all[ ( lib]al  assi/ance be+ giv5
 to su* %ips z might t\* at ! isl&2     
especially to vessels f ! ,s\? ,seas1   
:i!r numb]s ( our  :al]s n[ resort1 & to
 su* z might1 ei!r int5tionally1 or     
accid5tally1 miss ! ,cape4 ,?is may     
c]ta9ly be effect$1 by active           
p]sev]ance 9 a well arrang$ plan2 !     
difficulties are really few1  & ! means1
 ( rem$y c]ta9ly )9 our p[]4 ,aft]      
maturely  weigh+ ! pros & cons1 no d\bt 
rema9s 9 my m9d1 t1 9  ! c\rse ( fifte5 
or tw5ty ye>s1 ,/4 ,hel5a w\ld n only   

cease  to be a bur!n on ! p>5t /ate2 b t
 x mu/ be able to af=d  a l>ge portion (
 its produce to ! accommodation ( all   
%ipp+  visit+ its roads4    ,?is isl& _c
 boa/ ( a h>b\r2 nor are its ,roads s   
ext5sive z  to admit a v num]\s fleet1  
ow+ to ! small ext5t ( ! bank on  :i*   
%ips ca/ an*or2 g5]ally 9 f six to      
fifte5 fa?oms4 ,aft]  ! latt] dep?1 !   
bank falls (f s sudd5ly z to become     
unfa?omable1 )9 a few hundr$ y>ds1 r5d]+
 x necess>y to lay  91 z close z ! surf 
admits1 probably ab\t two cable's l5g? f
  ! bea*4 ,b x is n v easy to get s ne> 
9 ! fir/ in/ance1  on acc\nt ( a /rong  
curr5t t sets to ! nor?1 & ! necessity  
= be+ close haul$ to meet ! w9d :i*     
comes d[n ,james's ,valley4  ,x is be/  
to an*or any :]e ab\t twelve fa?oms1 &1 
:5 ! w9d  lulls1 to w>p into a bett]    
b]?4    ,!re is b "o l&+ place1 :i* lies
 to ! left ( a %all[  inflexion1 =m+ a  
small bay opposite ! sea-l9e2 built     
ne>ly on a  level ) ! wat]1 & m\nt+ a v 
heavy batt]y1 prop]ly  equipp$ = heat+  

%ot1 & always kept 9 read9ess = s]vice4 
,n  t x w\ld be possible = an enemy to  
surprize ! isl&1 unless  ! mo/ %ameful  
inatt5tion might prevail 9 e qu>t]4 ,all
  vessels mu/ approa* on ! s\?-ea/2 :]e 
!re are gu>ds1 &  telegraphs1 :]eby     
notice is giv5 full f\r h\rs be=e !     
nor!rnmo/ po9t c be r\nd$4 ,?is1 (      
c\rse1 alludes to ! day2  b1 s cle> is !
 atmosph]e 9 g5]al1 t ev5 dur+ ! night a
  %ip w\ld be disc]n$ at _m miles       
di/ance4    ,aft] pass+ ! s\!rnmo/      
po9ts1 x is necess>y to keep well 9  ) !
 %ore1 :i* is e :]e compos$ ( imm5se    
masses ( rock1  )\t any inlet1 or means 
( disemb>kation2 ev5 if ! trem5d\s  surf
 %\ld n imp$e4 ,"h ! coa/ is gu>d$1 or r
 wat*$1 by  v>i\s deta*m5ts1 /ation$ at 
comm&+ po9ts2 :]e /rong  batt]ies are   
m\nt$1 & ! means ( communicat+          
intellig5ce1 9  ! mo/ rapid mann]1 at   
h&4    ,! la/ batt]y to be pass$1       
previ\s to ca/+ an*or1 is call$         
,mund5's1 & /&s imm$iately betwe5 !     
wat]+1 or l&+-place1  & a small bay1 9  

:i*1 x is record$1 t a l&+ 0 once       
effect$ dur+ ! night3 f my own          
obs]vation1 hav+ (t5 gone 9  a boat to !
 edge ( ! surf at t "p to fi%1 ,i %\ld  
?9k x  by no means easy to get a%ore 9  
any mann]1 mu* m z an arm$ body  int5d+ 
to capture ! isl&4 ,b1 :atev] may h be5 
effect$ 9  =m] times1 t qu>t] seems n[ s
 well gu>d$ z to leave no  cause =      
appreh5sion1 ( a surprize at lea/3 nor  
does !re appe>  ! smalle/ dang] ( a l&+ 
be+ effect$ at ! wat]+ place2  :]e a v  
small p>ty might oppose ! boats ( a :ole
 fleet4 ,!  swell is "h v great1 r5d]+ x
 a matt] ( "s haz>d :5  jump+ into1 or  
out (1 a boat2 besides1 only "o boat c  
come to at a  "t1 9 a position suitable 
to ho/ile purposes2 & x is n to be      
suppos$1 t ! batt]y above1 or t on !    
l&+-place1 or !  sea-l9e1 or ! works on 
,ladd] ,hill1 w\ld be sil5t ^u su* an   
occasion4 ,c]ta9 de/ruction awaits e    
p]son :o falls into !  wat] 9 ?is "p2   
:]e ! %>ks are z num]\s z !y are        
rav5\s4 ,! wall ( ! :>f is p]p5dicul>1 &

 built on a rock1  "u :i* is a trem5d\s 
abyss4    ,! :ole ( ! nor!rn "p is      
compos$ ( rocks naturally sc>p$ 9  a    
rugg$ mann]1 s z r to hang ov]1 ?an to  
retire f ! sea2  ris+ e :]e f #hjj to   
#bjjj feet1 & m4 ,yet1 wond]ful z x  may
 seem1 ) su* =ce does ! surf break on   
?is leew>d side (  ! isl&1 t ! spray1 or
 mi/1 may be se5 con/antly asc5d+1  l   
cl\ds ( smoke1 ne>ly to ! summits ( !   
m\nta9s4 ,!  residue ( ! coa/ is equally
 bold1 & inaccessible2 except at a "p   
call$ ,s&y ,bay1 to ! s\?w>d4 ,!re !    
%ore is ne>ly flat =  "s di/ance1 b is  
int]sp]s$ ) rocks1 & gu>d$ by reefs (   
break]s1 :i* project "s di/ance1 &      
totally obviate ! means (  attack4 ,if1 
h[ev]1 a l&+ 7 to be effect$1 ! guns    
kept 9  read9ess1 9 mask$ batt]ies on ! 
surr\nd+ heights1 w\ld soon  defeat !   
enemy's purpose4    ,on acc\nt ( !      
difficulty ( approa*1 ! sev]al %ips take
 _!  wat] 9 regul> rotation1 unless :5 a
 vessel is "u despat*2 9  :i* case h]   
boats h ! pref]5ce4 ,! mode ( receiv+   

wat] is  c]ta9ly suit$ to ! situation2 b
 is v t$i\s4 ,! butts be+  c>ri$ 9 !    
long-boats to ! edge ( ! :>f1 are !re   
fill$ by  means ( lea!rn hoses1 ( :i* ! 
ends sev]ally atta* to cocks on  ! pipes
 t conduct ! wat] to t "p4 ,) ! upmo/   
assiduity1 ,i %\ld suppose t n m ?an =ty
 or fifty butts  c\ld be suppli$ to any 
"o long-boat )9 ! c\rse ( ! day1        
not)/&+ ! %ipp+ lies s close2 b1 by a   
regul> succession  ( boats1 full #ajjj  
butts might be receiv$4    ,aft] l&+1 ! 
way leads "u a v high hill on ! left1 to
 !  sea gate2 )9 :i* is a b>ri] t       
secures ! flank ( !  sea-l9e1 & def5ds !
 road into ! t[n2 x is t]m9at$ by a     
gate1 :]e ! ma9 gu>d is po/$4    ,! t[n 
is small1 & by no means irregul>2 !     
h\ses v l[1  g5]ally consi/+ ( two &    
?ree floors1 9 all :i* !re are          
abundance ( w9d[s1 glaz$ ) small panes1 
:i*1 on ! :ole1 are  n v sightly4 ,!    
valley1 9 :i* ,james ,t[n is situat$1 is
 v  n>r[1 &1 9 ! hot season1 extremely  
sultry4 ,on ! "r is ,ladd]  ,hill1 :]e a

 v heavy batt]y is m\nt$1 bo? ( guns &  
mort>s1  effectually comm&+ ! road1 & ! 
valley1 = a great di/ance4  ,?is hill is
 s /eep1 t x is asc5d$ only by means (  
trav]ses  cut out ( its side1 & enclos$ 
) a p>apet suffici5t to prev5t          
accid5ts4 ,! soil is1 h[ev]1 s replete )
 l>ge loose /ones1 z  to occasion       
frequ5t mis*iefs to ! h\ses bel[2 ( :i* 
"s h  be5 greatly damag$ by ! fall (    
rubbi% f above4 ,i imag9e1 t  ! asc5t1  
by ! road1 _c measure less ?an a mile2  
&1 t !  p]p5dicul> height ( ,ladd]      
,hill1 above ! level ( ! sea1 mu/ be    
full #fjj y>ds4    ,major ,r5nell /ates 
! v>i\s em95ces to be z foll[4          
,feet4          ,cuckold's ,po9t        
#bfgb          ,halley's ,m\nt          
#bdfg          ,flag ,/aff              
#bbgb          ,! ,b>n                  
#bjae                                   
7,ov]-hang+ ! sea47        ,! ,al>m     
,h\se 7c5trically situat$7              
l#ifj          ,high ,knoll 7:]e !      
,citadel /&s1 above ,ladd]     #aijc    

,hill7          ,longwood ,h\se         
7resid5ce ( ! ,deputy ,gov]nor7         
#agfb    ,?is v elevat$ "p1 namely1     
,ladd] ,hill1 is nev]!less comm&$  by   
sev]al small batt]ies1 judici\sly       
situat$1 :i*1 9 _! turn1  are subject to
 ! fire ( ! works at ,high ,knoll1 built
 "u !  auspices ( ,colonel ,brooke1 & "u
 ! imm$iate direction ( ,major  ,smy?4  
,?is little =tification seems to be !   
d]ni] resort ( !  g>rison1 ( :i* x might
 hold ab\t two hundr$ 9 ! sev]al        
bomb-pro(s4 ,x has a small ars5al1      
res]voir1 magaz9e1 a well (  imm5se     
dep?1 cut ?r\gh ! rock ) great          
difficulty1 &1  exclusive ( its         
outworks1 :i* are peculi>ly compact1 has
 a c5tral  block-h\se1 m\nt+ sev]al     
pieces ( heavy ordnance4 ,! site ( ?is  
citadel is %ewn to be full #aifj feet   
above ! level ( ! sea3 !  highe/ peak 9 
! isl& is ab\t #bgjj2 b x is too remote 
to h  any effect on ! citadel4    ,! =ce
 kept up at ,/4 ,hel5a is1 nom9ally1 a  
battalion ( infantry1  & f\r companies (

 artill]y2 b ,i d\bt :e!r1 at any "t1 m 
?an #gjj m5 c\ld be mu/]$3 t numb] is   
b>ely equal to !  def5ce ( ! sev]al     
outpo/s1 & to mann+ ! sea-l9e1 ,ladd]   
,hill1 & ! citadel4 ,x is1 =tunately1 a 
v heal?y spot1 & !  hospitals are r>ely 
kn[n to conta9 m ?an f\r m5 9 ! hundr$4 
,! surr\nd+ ocean supplies abundance (  
fi%2 ,mr4 ,brooke describes  no less ?an
 sev5ty-six k9ds1 ?\gh few are mu*      
e/eem$4 ,f !  /]n ( a %ip1 mack>el1 ( a 
small size1 toge!r ) g>-fi%1  plaice1 a 
k9d ( cod1 & a v f9e species ( gurnet1  
may be caught4  ,! be/ bait = ^! is a   
piece ( raw albacore4 ,*ance suppli$ u  
) a v excell5t /ock ( craw-fi%3 "u !    
idea ( cat*+  "s small %>ks1 we made a  
net ( spun-y>n1 & slung x to a          
butt-hoop4 ,a few bones ( salt beef 7   
ti$ )9 = a bait4 ,?is we  l[]$ d[n at   
night1 & occasionally drew up v g5tly to
 !  surface1 ! dep? be+ ab\t t5 or elev5
 fa?oms4 ,we caught no  %>ks1 b         
frequ5tly f\nd two or ?ree v f9e        
craw-fi%es1 ( t  sort call$ /umps4    ,i

 w n[ proce$ ) ! regul> ord] ( my       
design1 & obs]ve  t1 if a %ip is n to   
t\* at ! ,cape outw>d b\nd1 especially  
:5 t port is 9 possession ( an enemy1 or
 t ho/ile cruis]s  are kn[n to infe/ !  
s\!rn coa/ ( ,africa1 x is n uncommon to
  run d[n to ! latitude ( #ch or #dj1   
!reby to avoid ^? dang]s1  & to get     
beyond ! influ5ce ( ! curr5t1 :i* sets  
to !  we/w>d at ! rate ( full ?ree miles
 p] h\r4 ,exp]i5ce has  prov$1 t1 by    
tak+ su* a c\rse1 ! voyage has be5      
quick] ?an  :5 ! l& has be5 kept 9      
sight4 ,:5 ! ,cape is ?us avoid$1 x  w  
probably be necess>y to proce$ by ! inn]
 passage to ! isl&  ( ,johanna4 ,?is is 
suppos$ to be ! be/ r\te t c be foll[$1 
by su* z are b\nd to ,bombay2 ?\gh !    
numb] ( %oals1 & (  rocks1 scatt]$ ?r\gh
 ! ,mozambique ,*annel1 :i* sep>ates    
,madagasc> f ! ,ma91 subjects x to "s   
disrepute4 ,^! are1 9 a  measure1       
c\nt]balanc$ dur+ w> "t1 by ! dang]     
att5dant ^u  an approa* to ! isl& (     
,mauritius2 :5ce ! ,fr5* h always  fitt$

 out a numb] ( private]s1 t h done      
inconceivable mis*ief  among our %ipp+ 9
 ! ,indian ,seas4    ,a few vessels t\* 
at ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,bay1 on ! we/ coa/ ( 
,madagasc>2 b ! trea*]\s disposition ( !
 natives is a great  objection1 & causes
 ! g5]ality to pass on to ,johanna1 :i* 
is !  only isl& ( ! ,comora clu/] we h  
be5 9 ! habit ( visit+4  ,! /rong curr5t
 sett+ r\nd its s\!rn extremity1        
occasions  vessels to keep close to !   
%ore z !y approa* ,saddle ,isl&1  :i*1  
at l[ wat]1 is connect$ ) ,johanna by a 
ridge ( s&1  :]eon ! ,hunt+don ,indiaman
 0 lo/ ab\t =ty ye>s back1 9  attempt+  
to pass1 )\t go+ r\nd ,saddle ,isl&2 :i*
 d]ives its  "n f ! appe>ance x be>s1 :5
 view$ at a c]ta9 di/ance4  ,! :ole     
coa/1 f ! s\!rn po9t to ! bay :]e ! t[n 
is  situat$1 pres5ts1 ) v little        
exception1 a bold %ore1 dive/$  ( ^?    
dang]\s reefs :i* r5d] ,mohillah1 & o!rs
 ( its  neighb\rs1 difficult ( access4  
,! c\ntry is extremely m\nta9\s2  9 "s  
p>ts ab\nd+ ) cocoa & o!r trees3 wild   

goats are v  num]\s2 b1 be+ mu* 9 reque/
 among ! natives1 are v %y1  &1 9 g5]al1
 retire to ! mo/ rugg$ em95ces4 ,to !   
left ( !  t[n1 ab\t two miles di/ant1 a 
long reef ( black rocks encloses a  bay1
 ( :i* ! bea* is cov]$ ) a f9e s&1 %elv+
 v  gradually1 & be>+ a /rong           
resemblance to t ( ,weym\?4    ,! h\ses 
9 ! villages on ! coa/ are r mean1 ?\gh 
app]ta9+ to p]sons :o h ridicul\sly     
assum$ ,european titles (  em95ce4 ,!   
isl& sw>ms ) #8,pr9ce ,rup]ts1' #8,pr9ce
 ,eug5es1'  ,dukes1 ,m>quises1 & ,lords1
 all ( :om are mean & knavi% to an      
extreme4 ,! common =m ( build+ consi/s (
 a long b>n-l  ap>tm5t1 ent]$ by a l[   
door 9 middle ( its l5g?1 & hav+  ano!r 
opposite !reto at ! back1 :i* leads to !
 mo/ dirty  out-(fices t c be imag9$2   
:]e9 ! cul9>y op]ations1 c4  are c>ri$  
on4 ,9 ! dwell+s ( ^? :o admit lodg]s1  
:i* may  be said to include half ! t[n1 
! places = sleep+1 = ,i _c  call !m     
b$-places1 are rais$1 t[>ds ! two       
gable-ends1 to !  height ( full six     

feet2 &1 9 "s1 are p>t$ (f by a curta9 (
  co>se *9tz1 or o!r clo?4 ,^! recesses 
are f ?ree to five  feet 9 wid?1 & may  
be t5 or twelve feet long2 accord+ to ! 
bread? ( ! h\se4 ,! asc5t to !m is =m$  
by sev]al v broad  /airs1 ord9>ily cov]$
 ) matt+ made ( cocoa-tree leaves1 or1  
9 a few1 ) c>pets4 ,ea* /ep is consid]$ 
z accommodation = two  p]sons to repose 
^u1 feet to feet3 9 mo/ in/ances1 h[ev]1
 !  /eps are n long en\gh to all[ m ?an 
"o p]son to lie d[n4  ,?is !atrical     
arrangem5t is by no means displeas+1 nor
 is x  att5d$ ) s mu* inconv5i5ce z w\ld
 be ! case 7 ! :ole  ^u a level4 ,!     
middle ( ! room is set ap>t = meals1    
usually  s]v$ on tables ( a wret*$      
con/ruction2 ! gue/s sitt+1 z well  z !y
 c1 ^u little /ools1 or ev5tually recl9+
 on ! matt$  floor aga9/ ! l[] /eps2    
:i*1 by ! by1 is n only ! mo/           
com=table1 b1 among ! natives1 is       
consid]$ to be ! mo/  decor\s1 mode4    
,! inhabitants ( ?is isl&1 :i* lies 9   
#ab s\?1 & #de ea/1  are *iefly         

desc5dants ( "s ,arabs :o settl$ "h ab\t
 two  c5turies ago4 ,its "n is1 prop]ly1
 ,h9zuan1 f :i* we h1 by  a s]ies (     
corruptions1 contriv$ to affix ! pres5t 
designation4  ,mo/ ( ! inhabitants :o   
are n ( ,arabian desc5t1 are slaves1    
pur*as$ = a m]e trifle at ,madagasc> &  
,mozambique1 ) :i*  places "s int]c\rse 
is pres]v$2 ?\gh ! ,johanna m>9e seems  
b ill suit$ to cross+ ev5 t n>r[ sea1   
:i* sep>ates x f  ei!r ,cape ,ambro1 or 
! opposite coa/ ( ,mozambique4 ,! numb] 
(  vessels call$ w>-boats1 may am\nt to 
ab\t tw5ty1 ea* capable (  c>ry+ two    
hundr$ m54 ,^! b>ks1 :i* are entirely   
op51 are  usually furni%$ ) an imm5se   
numb] ( paddles1 & o>s1 :i*1  aid$ by a 
l>ge squ>e-sail1 cause !m to make good  
way ?r\gh !  wat]4 ,9 su* a temp]ate    
climate1 :]e ! w9d always bl[s f !      
s\?-we/1 & :]e1 ) ! exception ( ^?      
hurricanes peculi>1  to ! high]         
latitudes1 fair wea!r prevails dur+ !   
:ole ye>1  su* a naval armam5t may prove
 adequate to ! ord9>y purposes ( its    

con/ruction4    ,all w>f>e ) any ( !    
neighb\r+ isl&s1 is support$ by         
volunt>y contributions2 ea* p]son (     
consequ5ce tak+ ) him  provisions1 &    
arms1 = 8 respective adh]5ts1 or slaves4
 ,!  rev5ues are collect$ f ab\t two    
hundr$ villages2 b ! ?ree  pr9cipal t[ns
 are exempt$ f any contribution beyond !
 =tie?  "p ( _! moveable prop]ty2 :i*   
all1 ( :atev] degree1 pay  annually to !
 ,mufti1 or head ( _! *ur*4    ,! k+    
resides at ! l>ge & popul\s village (   
,domoni1 :]e 8  :ole tra9 ( artill]y1   
consi/+ ( a condemn$ six-p\nd]1 is kept 
9 great /ate6 ,! natives are1 9 "s      
degree1 conv]sant 9 ! use  ( small-arms2
 ^!1 ) cutlasses1 spe>s ( imm5se l5g?1 &
 b[s  & arr[s1 7! latt] *iefly po9t$ )  
fi%-bone1 or fl9t17  compose _! /ock (  
milit>y implem5ts4 ,_! coa/ be+ g5]ally 
s safe1 little skill is requir$ to br+ a
 vessel into a safe b]?2  b x is usual  
to take on bo>d a pilot1 :o is kn[n by !
 "n (  #8,purs] ,jack4' ,?is            
copp]-color$ knave nev] fails to put (f1

 s soon  z any vessel is se5 on its way 
f ,saddle ,isl&1 & to (f] 8  s]vices1   
:i* are suppos$ to be well requit$ by a 
few doll>s4    ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t1  
on acc\nt ( ! rapidity ( ! curr5t1  :i* 
sets (f to sea r\nd ! black rocks1 &    
w\ld infallibly  prev5t any vessel f    
rea*+ an an*orage1 all %ips pass to !   
s\!rn extremity1 ne> ,saddle ,isl&1 &   
proce$ ) a fair w9d  along ! coa/4 ,b x 
is n safe to c>ry too mu* sail :ile "u  
! %ore2 z viol5t gu/s come d[n betwe5 ! 
m\nta9s1 9 ! mo/  abrupt mann]4    ,!   
population ( ,johanna mu/ be r          
consid]able3 p]haps x 7  n too mu* to   
e/imate x at n9ety1 or a hundr$1 ?\s&s2 
includ+ all ranks & ages3 ! t[ns are    
l>ge & extremely  popul\s4 ,! ,mahom$an 
religion prevails1 ?\gh b v few sacr$   
edifices1 wor?y ( notice1 are to be f\nd
 on ! isl&2 ! pr9cipal  "o1 :i* does n  
seem to h co/ any great sum1 be+ a      
mosque1  built by ,halimah1 a que5 f :om
 ! pres5t k+ is desc5d$1  situat$ ne> ! 
l&+ place1 9 ! t[n ( ,matsamudo4        

,nev]!less  ! prie/s are suffici5tly    
num]\s2 &1 z 9 mo/ c\ntries1 enjoy  an  
excell5t %>e ( ! e>?'s produce4    ,!   
areca-nut1 :i* gr[s wild all ov] ! isl&1
 b especially on  its bord]s1 is "h *ew$
 ) %ell-lime1 z practis$ ?r\gh\t !      
,ea/3 wild p9e-apples1 planta9s1 & !    
greate/ v>iety ( tropical  fruits1 are  
scatt]$ ov] m\nta9s exhibit+ a v]dure ( 
peculi>  ri*ness1 & pres5t+1 on !       
aggregate1 "o ( ! ri*e/ sc5es           
imag9able4 ,n a horse is to be se5 on ! 
isl&2 b pl5ty (  excell5t cattle ?rive  
uncommonly on ! ri* pa/ures ( ! vallies2
  ?r\gh mo/ ( :i* /reams ( ! pure/ wat]1
 e :]e brok5 by  rocks1 or glid+ ov]    
%all[ b$s ( gravelly s&1 pursue _! eag] 
c\rse4 ,x is r peculi>1 t1 among o!r    
p\ltry1 ! ,gu9ea  f[l %\ld ab\nd2 ?\s&s 
may be se5 9 a wild /ate1 if x may be  s
 t]m$1 :51 by ?r[+ a h&ful ( gra9 at y\r
 feet1 all w  in/antly approa* to       
p>ticipate ( ! b\nty4    ,musquitoes are
 "h exce$+ly tr\blesome1 & attack !     
ple?oric  m>9] ) avidity4 ,x is said1 t 

no snakes1 or o!r v5om\s  reptiles1 are 
to be f\nd at ,johanna2 b1 9 ex*ange = t
  bless+1 !y are pl5tifully suppli$ )   
bugs4 ,! only vehicle  kn[n 9 ! isl&    
consi/s ( a ma*9e1 t]m$ a palanqu92 b   
:i*  is1 9 fact1 no?+ b a litt] made (  
clumsy net-"w on a r\gh  frame1 & borne 
by f\r m51 :o ea* take an end ( ! two   
side-poles  ( bamboo on _! %\ld]4 ,?is  
spl5did piece ( +5uity is  appropriat$  
solely to ! conveyance ( 8 maje/y1 & (  
su*  nobles1 & ,european1 or ,arabian   
visitors1 z may obta9 p]mission to      
visit him at ,domoni4    ,angl+ is      
little und]/ood at ,johanna1 yet l>ge   
quantities ( good  fi% are occasionally 
to be _h4 ,^! are ei!r tak5 by night    
l9es1  or are spe>$ by p]sons /&+ at !  
heads ( canoes1 :o1 )  wondr\s dext]ity1
 /rike su* fi%es z approa* ! surface4   
,?is  practice1 common ?r\gh\t          
unciviliz$ c\ntries1 is 9 great         
p]fection among ! ,nicob> ,isl&s4    ,i 
make no d\bt1 t1 if prop] means 7 us$1  
an excell5t supply (  /umps might be    

obta9$4 ,:at ,i h said on ?is subject1  
:5  describ+ ,/4 ,hel5a1 w\ld1 mo/      
probably1 be f\nd equally  efficaci\s 9 
_m o!r insulat$ situations1 "u w>m      
p>allels4 ,on  ! %oals :i* lie )9 !     
*annel ( ,mozambique1 imm5se numb]s  (  
c[ries1 call$ by u #8,blackamoors'      
tee?1' are dr$g$ up3 ^!  be+ curr5t z   
money 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,india1 are ex*ang$1 
toge!r  ) live ox51 = arms & ammunition1
 hat*ets1 knives1 nails1 c4    ,!       
ori5tal practice ( dy+ ! h&s & feet r$1 
by means ( !  h9na1 :i* "h gl[s wild 9 !
 utmo/ luxuriance1 prevails  ?r\gh\t !  
isl&2 especially among ! females1 :o    
color _!  lips & gums black1 ) a peculi>
 prep>ation1 simil> to ! missy  (       
,h9du/an1 9 ord] to make _! tee? appe>  
to advantage6  ,al?\gh ! m5 are         
extremely jeal\s1 ! wom5 ( ! l[] class  
are  all[$ to walk ! /reets1 provid$ !y 
we> veils4 ,we mu/ n by  t ^w suppose t 
any p>ticul> "p ( _! dress is s t]m$1   
or sep>ately made = t purpose3 ! only   
mode ( conceal+ !  face consi/s 9 draw+ 

! clo?1 or %eet1 :i* is ?r[n ov] !      
head1 s z to cause its meet+ =w>d1 leav+
 a v n>r[ op5+  to enable ! we>] to see 
h] way4    ,) respect to ! m]cantile    
op]ations ( ! ,johanna p1 ,i  _c af=d a 
cle>] idea ?an att5ds ! description giv5
 by ,alwi1  a man ( "s consequ5ce on !  
isl&1 to ,sir ,william ,jones1 :o has   
record$ x 9 ! foll[+ words4 ,he said1   
#8,8 c\ntry 0 poor1 &  produc$ few      
articles ( trade2 b if !y c\ld get      
money1 !y might  easily procure =eign   
commodities1 & ex*ange !m advantage\sly 
) _! neighb\rs 9 ! isl&s1 & on !        
cont95t4 ,?us1 ) a  little money1' said 
he1 #8we pur*ase muskets1 p[d]1 ball1   
cutlasses1  knives1 clo?s1 raw cotton1 &
 o!r articles br\ght f ,bombay2 &  ) ^! 
we trade to ,madagasc> = ! natural      
produce ( t  c\ntry1 or = doll>s1 ) :i* 
! ,fr5* buy cattle1 honey1  butt]1 & s  
=?1 9 t isl&4 ,) gold1 :i* we receive f 
y\r %ips1 we c procure elephants' tee? f
 ! natives (  ,mozambique2 :o b>t] !m   
also = b>s ( iron1 & ammunition2 :ile  !

 ,portuguese 9 t c\ntry give u v>i\s    
k9ds ( clo?s1 9  ex*ange = our          
commodities4 ,^! clo?s we dispose (     
lucratively 9  ! ?ree neighb\r+ isl&s2  
:5ce we br+ rice1 cattle1 a k9d (       
bread-fruit1 :i* gr[s 9 ,comora1 &      
slaves2 :i* we buy also at  o!r places  
:]e we trade3 all ?is traffic we c>ry on
 9 our own  vessels4'    ,! =ego+ %\ld  
ev9ce1 t1 "u an effective gov]nm5t1 =  !
 pres5t may be deem$ a m]e tol]ation (  
royalty1 ! isl& (  ,johanna might become
 important among its neighb\rs2 &1 s    
long z  ,european vessels %\ld cont9ue  
to t\* !re = refre%m5ts1 might1  c>ry on
 a brisk trade4 ,yet ! total want ( any 
?+ l a h>b\r1  mu/ inevitably prove a   
great drawback on its prosp]ity4 ,:ile  
!re1  our %ip 0 driv5 by a sudd5 squall1
 issu+ f betwe5 two imm5se  m\nta9s1 f  
h] an*orage1 ?\gh %e _h two an*ors out1 
& rode  )9 a %ort half mile ( ! bea*2 & 
?is1 too1 9 rem>kably  cle> wea!r4    ,!
 mode ( kill+ :ales 9 ! ,mozambique     
,*annel1 & by !  ,africans all along _! 

s\?-ea/ coa/1 is extremely simple2 x    
%ews  h[ mu* may be effect$ by          
p]sev]ance2 & af=ds1 inde$1 an          
admirable moral1 toge!r ) no            
insignificant satire ^u ! great  exp5ce 
to :i* ,europeans1 engag$ 9 t pursuit1  
put !mselves1  )\t becom+ m c]ta9 (     
success4    ,:5 a :ale is se5 )9 a      
mod]ate di/ance ( ! %ore1 bask+1  z !y  
(t5 d = h\rs toge!r1 ) little           
int]mission1 dur+  ! heat ( ! day1 !    
fi%]m5 put (f 9 _! canoes1 :i* are      
excavat$ f l>ge trees1 & equipp$ )      
out-rigg]s on ea* side4  ,g5]ally1 ea*  
canoe c>ries f f\r to six p]sons2 b ^?  
:i*  are int5d$ to approa* ! :ale1 give 
ov] _! crew1 ) !  exception ( "o        
spe>sman1 & "o paddl]1 to ! o!r canoes4 
,! paddl] urges 8 canoe v g5tly1 until  
)9 ab\t eight or t5  y>ds ( ! :ale2     
sidl+ up ) extreme caution s z to be    
p>allel  ) its %\ld]s2 ?is is done to   
avoid t la% ( ! tail :i*  ! fi%         
inv>iably gives1 z he plunges d[nw>ds1  
on feel+ ! spe>  ent] 8 fle%4 ,! weapons

 us$ on ?is occasion are ab\t five feet 
long1 extremely ela/ic1 & load$ at ea*  
end ) iron or lead2  :]eby n only !     
impetus is encreas$1 b ! vibration1     
occasion$  by ! opposite weights1 causes
 ! po9t1 :i* is ( iron1 v acute  & b>b$1
 to wriggle deep] into ! fle%4 ,previ\s 
to /rik+1 !  head ( ! canoe is turn$    
t[>ds ! :ale1 & a slight retrocessive   
motion is giv52 s t1 at ! v mom5t :5 !  
spe> is  deliv]$1 ! paddl] may1 by a    
sudd5 ex]tion1 pull fur!r away1 &  avoid
 ! dang]4 ,x sometimes happ5s1 t !      
spe>sman is ?r[n  f 8 /ation into !     
wat]1 by ! sudd5 motion ( ! boat  oppos$
 to 8 own action2 be+ inv>iably exp]t   
swimm]s1 su* an  accid5t is n 9 ! lea/  
reg>d$4 ,aft] s9k+ to a great dep?1  !  
:ale rises aga9 to ! surface1 p]haps a  
mile (f1 :]e o!r  boats are wait+ to    
repeat ! attack2 by a succession ( :i*  
he is1  ord9>ily 9 ! space ( an h\r1 s  
completely worn out1 z to float  )\t !  
p[] ( resi/ance1 :5 a long spe>1 pu%$   
?r\gh  betwe5 8 ribs1 spe$ily t]m9ates !

 /ruggle4    ,! :ale be+ dead1 all !    
canoes jo9 _! ef=ts to t[ !  c>case     
t[>ds ! %ore2 :]e1 ^u "s s&y "p1 a      
division is  made ( ! spoil2 ea* ( !    
crews cutt+ away ) hat*ets &  cutlasses1
 z mu* ( ! blubb] z !y c exp5d4 ,!      
residue is  sold1 or ex*ang$ = o!r      
articles ( consumption1 dress1 c4 to !  
inhabitants ( ! neighb\r+ t[ns3 !       
:ale-bone is res]v$ =  sale to ,european
 trad]s2 ! ribs s]ve = ! c\ples ( h\ses1
 or  r cab9s2 & ! jo9ts ( ! v]tebr1 aft]
 be+ neatly  trimm$ at ! sides1 & at "o 
end1 make v com=table /ools2 (  :i*1    
h[ev]1 ! /rong1 rank sc5t1 reta9$ = _m  
mon?s1 w\ld  prove highly (f5sive to any
 b p]sons :o consid] ! blubb]1  aft] !  
oil has be5 fri$1 & press$ out1 to be a 
delicate morceau6    ,! op]ation ( cutt+
 away ! adipose p>ts2 :i* come (f 9     
imm5se lumps1 ( f eight in*es to a foot1
 or fifte5 in*es 9  dep?1 is r labori\s2
 x is likewise att5d$ ) ! dang] (       
attacks f an imm5se numb] ( %>ks1 t     
in/9ctively foll[ !  c>case2 &1 s soon z

 x is hewn op51 seize :atev] falls f x  
) ! mo/ f]oci\s avidity4 ,h5ce1 ! fi%]m5
 are oblig$ to be  extremely c>eful n to
 expose _! limbs1 by all[+ !m to dangle 
9 ! wat]3 su* ( ! crews z fall ov]bo>d1 
are usually snapp$  up by _! gre$y      
competitors2 :i*1 x is said1 are kn[n 9 
^!  p>ts to gr[ to ! enorm\s l5g? (     
?irty feet6    ,x has (t5 occurr$ to me1
 t1 9 lieu ( ca/+ loose ! rema9s  (     
:ales1 aft] cutt+ away ! blubb]1 z our  
fi%]m5 usually d1  an imm5se quantity ( 
ammonia might be extract$1 7 ! skeletons
 to  be t[$ to ! %ore1 & !re to be      
appli$ to t purpose4 ,fuel is  r>ely    
want+1 & !re be+ inv>iably suffici5t    
crews on bo>d our  :ale-%ips1 :i* _c be 
always employ$1 x %\ld seem t mu*       
advantage might ?us arise1 ) little or  
no exp5ce3 ! price (  ammonia is v high1
 b if x c\ld be l[]$1 imm5se quantities 
w\ld be consum$4 ,x is to be rem>k$1 t  
?is valuable alkali has  n hi!rto be5   
put "u t c\rse ( exp]im5ts to :i* x     
c]ta9ly w\ld be subject$1 did ! price n 

/& 9 ! way ( its  use on a l>ge scale3 !
 foll[+ qualities1 z /at$ 9 !           
invaluable ,disp5s>y giv5 to ! public by
 ,dr4 ,&rew ,duncan1 may  plead 9       
apology = my digress+ s f> on a subject1
 n app>5tly  connect$ ) my prospectus2 b
 :i*1 consid]$ philosophically1 is1  by 
no means1 irrelevant !reto4    ,dr4     
,duncan /ates1 t1 #8ammonia does n      
dissolve animal sub/ances2  x ext+ui%es 
flame2 colors vegetable-blues gre52 is  
decompos$ by  be+ transmitt$ ?r\gh a r$ 
hot tube1 &1 by ! electric sp>k1  into  
its con/itu5t gases1 & by oxyg51 &      
atmosphoric air at a r$  heat2 by       
oxy-muriatic acid1 x is conv]t$ into    
wat] & hydrog5-gas4  ,x is absorb$1 )\t 
*ange1 by por\s bodies2 x dissolves     
sulphur  & phosphorus2 & comb9es readily
 ) wat]1 9 all its /ates4  ,ammonia     
comb9es ) ! acids1 =m+ neutral salts4 ,x
 is =m$  dur+ ! putrefactive f]m5tation2
 & is commonly class$ among !           
alkalies4' ,my read]s w see1 at once1 h[
 wide a field is op5 =  speculation6    

,aft] quitt+ ,johanna1 :i* is ! only    
isl&1 9 t clu/]1  :i!r ,european vessels
 ev] int5tionally resort1 su* z may be  
b\nd  to ,bombay usually make ! great   
p59sula some:]e ab\t ,anj5go1  pursu+ _!
 c\rse up ! we/]n1 or ,malab> side2 :ile
 ^?  proce$+ to ,coa/ & ,bay1 7i4e4     
,madras & ,b5gal17 endeavor to get  a   
sight ( ,dondra-,head1 :i* det]m9es bo? 
_! latitude1 & _!  longitude2 !nce !y   
pass r\nd ! ea/]n side ( ! isl& (       
,ceylon1 ( :i* ! %ore is suffici5tly    
bold to all[ _! keep+  )9 two or ?ree   
miles ( ! l& ) p]fect safety1 9 reg>d to
  reefs or %oals2 b ?is qu>t] be+       
extremely subject to viol5t  gales1 t   
come on r sudd5ly1 or1 at lea/1 )\t mu* 
notice1  & are kn[n by ! "n ( #8:ite    
squalls1' x is g5]ally consid]$  mo/    
prud5t to keep a good (f+4 ,^! :ite     
squalls inv>iably take  place :5 ! sky  
is free f cl\ds2 b may sometimes be     
di/+ui%$1 z !y approa*1 by ! :ite spray 
rais$ f !  wat] by ! viol5ce ( ! w9d3 s 
soon z t is discov]$1 all  ! small sails

 %\ld be tak5 91 & ! %ip r5d]$ z compact
  above z "t may admit4 ,! w>n+ spray is
 too frequ5tly unnotic$2  &1 ev5 :5     
p]ceiv$1 is1 = ! mo/ "p1 too close at h&
 to  admit ( mu* prep>ation4 ,?is       
insidi\s dang] ext5ds1 m or less1  f !  
s\? end ( ,madagasc> up to ! latitude ( 
,tranqueb>1 be+  mo/ preval5t to !      
s\?w>d ( ! ,l9e1 :]e ! s\?-we/ trade    
w9d prevails at all times4    ,! isl& ( 
,ceylon has be5 adopt$ z a royal        
possession1 9 !  gov]nm5t ( :i* !       
,company h no %>e :atev]4 ,! :ole ( !   
civil e/abli%m5t are appo9t$ by ! k+2 & 
! milit>y receive  _! commissions f !   
secret>y at w>1 indep5d5t ( !           
,company's *>t]$ e/abli%m5t4 ,x g5]ally 
happ5s1 h[ev]1 t  "s ( ! ,madras        
battalions are on duty 9 ! isl&2 :i* has
  always be5 9 a mo/ p]turb$ /ate1      
especially s9ce x came "u  our dom9ion4 
,x is r unusual = ! ,company's %ips to  
t\*  "h1 except :5 s5t to ,columbo )    
/ores1 or call+ !re on _!  way home =   
c>goes & pass5g]s4 ,none b v small      

vessels c  pass betwe5 ,ceylon & ! ,ma91
 not)/&+ ! great wid? ( !  *annel1 on   
acc\nt ( t imm5se reef1 int]mix$ )      
%oals1  /ret*+ across its nor!rn "p4    
,?is reef1 call$ #8,adam's ,bridge1'  is
 suppos$ to be =m$ by ! summits (       
m\nta9s1 t1 by "s  dreadful convulsion1 
7 sunk bel[ ^? wat]s1 betwe5 :i* !y     
orig9ally =m$ a /up5d\s i/hmus1 l t (   
,d>i51 connect+  ,ceylon ) ! cont95t4   
,not)/&+ :at has be5 said by _m au?ors  
on ! subject (  #8spicy gales1' !       
expectation ( meet+ ) p]fum$ breezes 9  
?is  qu>t] %\ld n be too mu* enc\rag$4  
,aft] coa/+ ! :ole  l5g?1 f             
,dondra-,head to ,po9t ,p$ro1 n "o puff1
 convey+ !  idea ( proximate ambrosia1  
ev] rea*$ my nose4 ,x mu/1 at ! same    
"t1 be und]/ood1 t a c]ta9 t]race\s     
sc5t1 some?+ l  t result+ f ra9 9 du/y  
wea!r1 g5]ally prevails )9 a  c]ta9     
di/ance ( a w9dw>d %ore2 p>ticul>ly :]e 
! c\ntry is  well wood$4    ,aft] pass+ 
to ! nor?w>d ( ,ceylon1 ! navigation    
becomes m  difficult2 !re be+ imm5se    

%oals /ret*+1 9 v>i\s directions1  all !
 way f ,tranqueb> up to ! m\?s ( !      
,ganges4 ,x is  g5]ally opposite "s %ort
 int]val betwe5 ^! dang]\s %all[s1  t   
our pr9cipal settlem5ts are situat$4    
,?us1 ,tranqueb>1  ,pondi*]ry1          
,cuddalore1 ,negapatam1 & "s o!rs1 to ! 
s\?w>d (  ,madras1 enjoy a p>tial b5efit
 9 t in/ance2 b1 to ! nor?w>d1  our     
pr9cipal sea-ports are "u v consid]able 
disadvantages1  aris+ f ! great di/ance 
at :i* all vessels1 ) ! exception  ( v  
small coa/]s1 are oblig$ to lay out 9 an
 op5 road1 subject  to ! fury ( /orms1 &
 to ! depr$ations ( private]s1 :i*      
seldom fail to take advantage ( ^!      
localities1 :5ev] ! season  may all[ !m 
to visit our %ores4    ,! %all[s may    
easily be di/+ui%$ at a consid]able     
di/ance3  be+ compos$ ( light1 %ift+ s&1
 & act$ ^u by a /rong  curr5t1 ! wat]   
above !m appe>s discolor$2 assum+ a dun1
 or  yell[ hue1 suffici5tly contra/$ ) !
 deep] p>ts1 to enable !  eye at once to
 trace _! respective limits4    ,madras 

,roads be+ exempt f %oals1 = "s miles on
 ei!r side1  are ent]$ )\t a pilot2 %ips
 9 g5]al an*or+ (f ! =t1 9  f six to t5 
fa?oms2 ! bottom a firm s&4 ,! surf is  
"h1 at  all times1 r high2 b :5 a       
s\?-we/1 or we/]ly w9d1  prevails1      
becomes s trem5d\s z to deb> all        
communication ) !  %ipp+4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( 
,octob] to ! middle ( ,janu>y1 !        
flag-/aff is /ruck1 z a signal to       
vessels t no insurance is  payable on   
acc\nt ( su* losses z may happ5 dur+ t  
p]iod1  :i* is held to be replete )     
dang]4 ,s great is ! appreh5sion        
ent]ta9$ ( ! p]ils att5dant ^u a        
cont9uance on ! ,corom&el  coa/ dur+ t  
monsoon1 t ev5 our %ips ( w> retire f ! 
protection ( su* trade z may be c>ri$ on
 by adv5tur\s  individuals1 & seek an   
asylum 9 "s well-%elt]$ port1 su* z     
,tr9comalee4    ,be=e we obta9$         
possession ( t admirable h>b\r1 our     
fleets 7  "u ! necessity ( go+ r\nd     
annually to ,bombay2 !re !y  employ$ _! 
crews 9 putt+ ! respective %ips into    

complete  ord]1 aga9/ ! ensu+ season2   
:atev] vessels requir$ sub/antial       
repairs1 be+ tak5 into dock4 ,9 ! mean  
:ile1 ! enemy's fleet  w5t to !         
,mauritius1 :i* c\ld be easily rea*$ at 
any season2 &  :5ce !y c\ld return full 
a mon? be=e our's c\ld get back f  !    
,malab> coa/4 ,! s]i\s losses occasion$1
 bo? to ! ,company1  & to private       
trad]s1 by su* managem5t1 7:i* !n appe>$
 to be  inevitable1 ?\gh n s 9 reality1 
s9ce ,b5gal c\ld h receiv$  & repair$   
!m17 r5d]$ x a desid]atum to obta9 "s   
port1 n  f> remov$ f our pr9cipal       
settlem5ts4 ,! =tune ( w> once put  u 9 
possession ( ,tr9comalee2 b1 someh[ or  
o!r1 x 0 re-tak53  z we h n[ comm& ov] !
 :ole ( ,ceylon1 x is to be hop$ we     
%all h ! wit to keep x4    ,!           
con/ruction ( keel$ boats be+1 9 _m     
respects1 unsuitable to  int]c\rse      
betwe5 ! %ipp+ & ! %ore1 rec\rse is     
always _h  to ! common c\ntry boats1    
call$ #8masoolahs2' :i*1 h[ev] rude  _! 
=mation may appe>1 are p]fectly adequate

 to e purpose1 &  convey bo? goods &    
pass5g]s ) g5]al safety4    ,^!         
masoolah-boats may c>ry f =ty to sixty  
tons2 !y are made  ( plank1 ab\t two    
in*es 9 ?ickness above1 & ?ree bel[1    
fa/5$  toge!r by means ( coir2 t is1 !  
fibres ( cocoa-nut r9ds1  pass$ ?r\gh   
small holes pi]c$ along ! edges ( !     
sev]al  planks1 all ar\nd ea*3 ^! planks
 appe> z ?\gh sew$ toge!r  ) tw9e ( !   
above description1 & are fa/5$ to batt5s
 &  sleep]s1 answ]+ = ribs & floor      
timb]s4 ,at ! bottom1 planks  are laid 9
 ! opposite direction ( ^!1 :i* =m !    
vessel1 &  ne> ! gun-:ales1 sev]al ?w>ts
 are secur$ across2 !y pass+  ?r\gh !   
sides1 & be+ firmly p9n$ 94 ,!re is no  
deck1 & !  rudd] consi/s ( a l>ge k9d ( 
o>1 rigg$ out at ! /]n4    ,at a little 
di/ance1 ! masoolah-boats look l rude   
imitations (  our coal-b>ges3 !y r[ f t5
 to sixte5 o>s1 & :5 unlad5  make m spe$
 ?an p]sons accu/om$ to :]ries1 or to   
%ips'  p9naces1 w\ld expect2 gett+ ?r\gh
 ! surf1 bo? com+ & go+1  ) amaz+       

facility3 ?\gh sometimes1 ow+ to lett+  
!m sw+  r\nd1 in/ead ( /e]+ head-on1 !y 
fill1 or ov]set3 b ?is v  r>ely happ5s2 
& ! m]e act ( #8swamp+'1 unless 9 !     
fir/1 or  outw>d surf1 is n att5d$ ) any
 imm95t dang]2 ! next wave  g5]ally     
impell+ ! boat1 & all t x conta9s1 high 
7b n  dry17 ^u ! bea*1 :]e x is soon run
 up out ( ! wat]'s way4    ,9 ord] to   
enc\rage ! boatm5 to ex]t !mselves t[>ds
 sav+ any  ,europeans :o may be 9 dang]1
 ow+ to a masoolah-boat's upsett+ 9  !  
surf1 ! ,company all[ premiums1 g5]ally 
m$als1 to su* z may  prove _! title     
!reto4 ,sev]al ( ! ,company's s]vants1 &
  o!rs1 owe _! lives to ! activity ( ^! 
p1 a few ( :om  h be5 enabl$ to retire  
^u a v com=table subsi/5ce all[$  to !m 
by ^? g5tlem5 !y _h rescu$4 ,x is mu* to
 be lam5t$1  t ! ,company h nev] be5    
able to adopt ! only effici5t means  (  
break+ ! surf = a few hundr$s ( y>ds2   
namely1 by conical  caissons1 =m+ an    
angle 9 front ( ! l&+ place4 ,nature has
  done ?is = ! ,portugueze at           

,p]nambuco1 =m+ a b> ( coral1 at  ! end 
( :i* is a batt]y3 ! sea at all times   
breaks )  trem5d\s viol5ce ^u ! ,b>1 &  
sometimes1 ?\gh v r>ely1  da%es ov] !   
guns4 ,! suppos$ objection w be1 t1 ow+ 
to !  great expanse ( ! coa/ (          
,corom&el1 no?+ c\ld be made to  resi/ !
 =ce ( ! wat]4 ,b1 9 answ] to ?is1 ,i   
mu/ obs]ve1  t ,p]nambuco is mu* m      
expos$ ?an ,madras1 x be+ subject to  ! 
=ce ( ! trade w9ds1 bl[+ all ! ye> r\nd 
f !  s\?-we/1 across t imm5se1          
un9t]rupt$ ocean ly+ betwe5 !  two      
cont95ts ( ,africa & ,am]ica1 :ile a v  
/rong curr5t at !  same "t sweeps r\nd1 
& causes ! surf to rise ) full z mu*    
viol5ce z 9 any "p ( ! ,ea/4 ,at        
,p]nambuco1 vessels lie )9  ! b>1 :]e ! 
wat] is p]fectly /ill1 & deep en\gh = ^?
  ( f\r hundr$ tons to ride cle> ( ! s&y
 bottom4 ,at ,madras1 we  c\ld sc>cely  
expect to see s ext5sive a desid]atum   
obta9$1 z  %\ld af=d %elt] to ! num]\s  
%ips ( great bur!n :i*  frequ5t its     
,roads2 ! exp5ce w\ld be enorm\s2       

o!rwise1 we %\ld  be z well able to =m  
su* a b>ri] !re1 z ! ,fr5* 7 at         
,*]burg4 ,x may be said1 t ! inconv5i5ce
 atta*$ to ! works  at ! latt] place1   
namely1 a va/ accumulation ( s&1 w\ld   
foll[3  t w\ld by no means be likely to 
take place 9 s v /rong a tide1  ) deep  
wat] at h&2 & if x %\ld1 might p]haps r 
t5d to  facilitate ! measure1 & to      
augm5t ! /r5g? ( ! def5ces4    ,x is    
indisp5sably necess>y1 :5 go+ a%ore at  
,madras1 or 9 any  "p :]e ! surf runs   
high1 to be well cov]$ ) a boat-cloak1  
or  "s ample ext]ior clo?+2 =1 ev5 "u ! 
be/ managem5t1 &  dur+ ! mo/ favorable  
wea!r1 ! spray w rise ar\nd ! boat1     
completely wett+ :atev] f9]y may be     
expos$ to its action4 ,nor  mu/ x be    
consid]$ any way extraord9>y1 if a l>ge 
portion ( t  surf :i* propels ! boat1   
%\ld p\r ov] h] /]n or qu>t]s1 s  z to  
dr5* ! :ole p>ty6    ,! masoolah-boats  
are1 ) great propriety1 "u ! sole       
managem5t  ( ! ma/]-att5dant1 or !      
bea*-ma/]4 ,none c put (f )\t  lic5ce2 &

 no p]son c be admitt$ to s]ve on bo>d  
:o is n an  exp]t & bold swimm]4 ,i     
believe1 t in/ances ( individuals ( any 
description be+ lo/ are extremely r>e3  
su* z are enum]at$1 took  place *iefly  
at ! out] surf1 7!re be+ usually ?ree   
foll[+  waves to pass1 or to accompany17
 :]e ! wat] is v deep1 & :]e  imm5se    
numb]s ( gr\nd-%>ks are ev] on ! wat* = 
:at accid5t  may ?r[ 9 _! way4 ,x may   
readily be suppos$ ! %ore is  tol]ably  
bold1 :5 x is expla9$1 t our ,indiam51  
deeply lad51  h be5 sev]al times        
necessitat$ to w>p to ! v edge ( !  out]
 surf1 9 consequ5ce ( an enemy's fleet  
hav+ ent]$ ! ,roads1  ) ! view to cut !m
 out4    ,s soon z a vessel is se5 /&+  
into ! ,roads1 signals are  hoi/$1 :i* x
 is expect$ %e %\ld1 if a man ( w>1 or a
  ,company's %ip1 be able to answ]4 ,on 
h] approa* to ! an*orage1 a  boat puts  
(f1 ) a deputation f ! bea*-ma/]1 to    
enquire  :5ce %e comes1 z well z to take
 ! purs]1 c4 a%ore ) !  despat*es4 ,9   
?is fir/ boat1 a numb] ( deba%es are    

sure to arrive1  br++ ) !m v>i\s        
articles ( provision1 fruits1 c4 z      
pres5ts to ! capta9 & (fic]s2 ^: favor  
ea* ( !m c\rts1  "u ! hope ( be+ employ$
 z ! ag5t = ! %ip1 or = !  supply (     
necess>ies1 & = provid+ lodg+s =        
individuals4    ,^! deba%es are g5]ally 
m5 ( prop]ty1 & ( "s consequ5ce  among !
 natives1 ow+ to _! hav+ at times s _m  
pur*ases to  make = ^? :o arrive at     
,madras2 b especially :]e ! supplies    
necess>y = a :ole %ip1 or sometimes = a 
:ole fleet1 are 9  "q4 ,!y all speak    
brok5 ,engli%1 und]/&+ f> beyond :at  !y
 c express 9 our language2 !y are s]vile
 to an extreme1 &  mo/ completely tra9$ 
9 e money-mak+ device4    ,! provision  
br\ght on bo>d usually consi/s (        
half-/>v$ mutton1  buffalo-beef1 :i*    
might safely be class$ ) c>rion1 "s     
tol]able  f[ls1 )1 ev5tually1 a few     
ducks & geese1 yams1 bir+als1           
capsicums1 & o!r vegetable productions4 
,fi% ab\nd 9 ! ,roads1  yet are r sc>ce1
 & are v r>ely br\ght on bo>d3 ?is is 9 

a measure ow+ to ! great] numb] ( fi%]m5
 be+ private  s]vants1 :o are oblig$ to 
supply _! ma/]s fir/4 ,x is said1  t !  
wat]-s]p5ts1 :i* ab\nd 9 ! ,roads1 & may
 be se51 9  beautiful v>ieties1 to rise1
 at all h\rs to ! surface1 de/roy great 
quantities ( ! small] k9ds3 ?is ,i c    
easily suppose to be true2  b1 hav+     
occasionally se5 ! catam>ans return+ f !
 (f+1  ) imm5se loads ( ! be/ sorts1 x  
w\ld be difficult to conv9ce  me1 t !   
sc>city ( fi% 9 ! m>ket1 & on bo>d !    
%ips 9  ! ,roads1 does n proce$ f ei!r !
 want ( indu/ry1 or (  regulation4      
,few p1 tak+ all ?+s into consid]ation1 
are m hospitable  ?an ! ,europeans      
resid+ at ,madras3 :]e defici5cy 9 t    
respect  is suppos$ to exi/1 we may1 by 
due consid]ation ( peculi>              
circum/ances1 relat+ to ! p]son1 or to !
 place1 always f9d "s  suffici5t        
apology4 ,be+ s mu* frequ5t$1 & ! numb] 
( ,european  g5tlem5 resid5t on ! spot  
be+ comp>atively trifl+1 x _c  be       
expect$ !y %\ld keep op5 h\se1 or       

indulge _! fri5dly  dispositions 9 !    
ex]cise ( unlimit$ k9dness4 ,9 fact1 !  
expectations ( ^? :o visit ,madras1 on  
_! way f ,europe to  ,india1 are1 = !   
*ief "p1 r too sangu9e3 !y h he>d  mu* (
 ,indian hospitality1 & wond] at t      
disappo9tm5t :i* is  purely ! (fspr+ (  
_! own unreasonable anticipations4 ,i "k
 n  ( any situation :]e a lett] (       
introduction is ( m avail1 or  inde$ m  
necess>y1 ?an ?is3 b su* lett] %\ld be  
address$ to  "s p]son resid5t at        
,madras2 else x may be p]fectly         
nugatory1 9  consequ5ce ( ! imm5se      
expanse ov] :i* ! civil s]vants1 z  well
 z ! milit>y1 are scatt]$4 ,a "y        
g5tleman tak+ out a  doz5 lett]s1 may1  
on 8 arrival1 f9d !m entirely useless1 9
  consequ5ce ( ! p>ties be+ abs5t f !   
presid5cy4    ,! pass5g]s ( e class are 
expect$ to reside on %ore dur+ !  %ip's 
det5tion 9 ! ,roads4 ,few1 inde$1       
neglect to avail !mselves  ( !          
opportunity (f]$ ( see+ "o ( our        
pr9cipal =tresses1  & ( obs]v+ ! cu/oms 

( a c\ntry s celebrat$ 9 hi/ory1 &  =m+ 
s ess5tial a bran* ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 
,if an introduction  is obta9$1 by any  
means1 ! usual result w be an invitation
 to  reside ) ! g5tleman if he keeps    
h\se2 o!rwise1 e att5tion  w be paid 9  
see+ ! /rang] accommodat$1 at ! be/ h\se
 (  t description :i* admits bo>d]s2 &  
:i* are commonly call$  #8,pun*-,h\ses4'
 ,?is designation d\btless arose f !    
habits (  ^? :o fir/ settl$ 9 ,india1 & 
:o1 f9d+ spirits1 sug>1 &  limes1 7a    
small species ( lemon17 e :]e abundant1 
indulg$ 9  copi\s draughts ( pun*4 ,t   
bev]age is n[ completely obsolete1      
unless among sea-f>+ p]sons1 :o r>ely   
fail to exp]i5ce its  delet]i\s effects4
 ,9 all sea-ports1 tav]ns1 or           
pun*-h\ses1 are  m frequ5t$ ?an 9 places
 :]e %ipp+ lie 9 "s di/ant road1  or    
h>b\r4 ,?is occasions !m to be m        
respectable 9 ! op9ions  ( ^? :o keep   
!m1 b no?+ c\ld reconcile a g5tleman1   
long  resid5t 9 ! c\ntry1 to seek an    
accommodation among !m3 x w\ld  imply a 

total want ( respectable connexions3 &1 
9 itself1 appe>  suffici5t cause =      
avoid+ 8 acqua9tance3 s diff]5t are !   
cu/oms ( diff]5t places6    ,totally    
ignorant ( ! language1 & )\t any guide1 
x is n to be  wond]$ t s _m impositions 
are practis$ on our c\ntrym5 on  _!     
arrival 9 ,india4 ,a deba% ( ! l[e/     
ord]1 & ( ! mo/  crafty disposition1    
p]fectly exp]i5c$ 9 all ! ord9>y        
requisitions ( ,europeans1 & prompt to  
gratify _! desires s long  z pr(it      
att5ds ! speculation1 is ev] at ! elb[ (
 ! novice1  s]v+ z bank]1 purveyor1     
pimp1 & int]pret]4 ,:at m c be          
requisite to ru9 an helpless1           
inconsid]ate y\?8    ,mo/ ( ! g5tlem5 9 
! ,company's s]vice reside 9 ! =t1 or at
  h\ses a few miles (f1 9 ! c\ntry1 or  
at ,/4 ,?omas's ,m\nt1 ab\t  six miles f
 ,madras1 :]e ! ,artill]y are usually   
qu>t]$1  toge!r ) ! troops de/9$ to     
def5d ! works 9 case ( attack4  ,!      
incursions to :i* ! ,c>natic 0 =m]ly    
expos$1 dur+ !  times ( ,hyd]1 & (      

,tippoo1 r5d]$ x exp$i5t to =tify !     
,black-,t[n2 :i* is v ext5sive1 &       
conta9s ! h\ses ( _m  highly respectable
 ,european m]*ants1 *iefly ,briti% &    
,portugueze1  toge!r ) ! entire prop]ty 
( ! ri*] natives ( rank &  consequ5ce4  
,i _c say ! ,black-,t[n is an enviable  
site =  resid5ce2 b ! situation1 be+    
subject to ! l& & sea breezes1  ! latt] 
( :i* are z refre%+ z ! =m] are         
debilitat+1  reconcile ! old]           
inhabitants to _m inconv5i5ces1 among   
:i*1  smoke is by no means ! lea/       
obnoxi\s4 ,! musquitoes are "h  tol]ably
 num]\s1 z are also rats ( all sizes1   
cock-roa*es1 &  scorpions3 ! latt] gr[  
to an imm5se size1 & are peculi>ly      
v5om\s4 ,t mo/ loa?some companion1 !    
bug1 is to be f\nd "h 9  su* sw>ms1 t x 
is by no means uncommon to see !m crawl+
 ab\t  at all h\rs1 & 9 all places4     
,/4 ,?omas's ,m\nt is c]ta9ly ! m       
pleasant /ation & may be  fairly put 9  
competition ) any ( ^? rural retreats1  
call$  #8,g>d5-,h\ses1' scatt]$ e :]e 9 

! vic9ity ( ! capital3  at ^!1 _m       
families reside all ! ye> r\nd2 !       
g5tlem5 :o  h (fices to att5d1 be+      
convey$ !reto 9 ! morn+s1 ei!r  9       
palanqu9s1 or 9 _! c>riages2 ! climate  
by no means favor+  mu* ex]cise on      
horse-back4    ,except at t season :5 ! 
flag-/aff is /ruck1 ,madras ,roads are1 
9 g5]al1 mu* resort$ to by %ipp+4 ,be+ !
 seat ( gov]nm5t  on ! ,corom&el coa/1 x
 necess>ily has become ! emporium ( t   
side ( ! p59sula4 ,mo/ ( ! ,*9a %ips t\*
 !re1 & v few  ( ^? proce$+ to ,b5gal   
omit to call2 especially :5 w> ei!r     
prevails1 or is expect$ to break out4 ,x
 is mu* to be lam5t$1 t  no means h yet 
be5 devis$1 nor1 inde$1 appe> easily    
practicable1  ( r5d]+ ! ,roads safe     
aga9/ ! attack ( an enemy4 ,! =t        
c]ta9ly c\ld repel any attempt to l& )9 
! rea* ( its  cannon2 b !re does n appe>
 any possibility ( prev5t+ an  ent]pris+
 enemy f caus+ all ! %ipp+1 ei!r to     
surr5d]1  or to run a%ore4 ,p]haps hulks
 might be s /ation$1 z to become v      

effici5t 9 ! def5ce ( :atev] %ipp+ might
 rema9 beyond !  surfs4 ,"o or two old  
#fd gun %ips prop]ly prep>$ aga9/ bo>d+1
  might1 at all times1 suffice1 if moor$
 ) *a9s 9 prop]  situations1 "u cov] ( !
 batt]ies4    ,x be+ indisp5sable t e   
p]son %\ld be conv]sant ) !  sev]al     
co9s1 or curr5cy1 9 :i* paym5ts are     
made1 or acc\nts  kept1 ,i recomm5d to  
my read]s to make !mselves acqua9t$ ) ! 
tables ( co9s1 weights1 & measures1 9   
use at ,madras3 obs]v+1  t1 ?r\gh\t !   
dep5dant prov9ces1 an endless v>iety 9 !
 two  la/ are to be f\nd2 & t1          
consequ5tly1 all deal+s mu/ be  regulat$
 9 proportion to ! encreas$1 or dim9i%$1
 v>iations1  :]ev] situat$4 ,! #8,,ea/  
,,india ,,directory' w be f\nd to conta9
  :atev] may relate to ?is subject1     
includ+ ! ?ree presid5cies4             
,conceiv+1 t1 ) few exceptions1 ! cu/oms
 ( _m classes among  ! natives ( ,b5gal1
 assimilate greatly ) ^? ( ! population 
on ! coa/1 ,i %all n[ pass on to !      
ord9>y occurr5ces att5dant  ^u ! arrival

 ( a %ip (f ! ,s&-,heads1 9 ! ,bay (    
,balasore4  ,x has be5 already /at$1 t !
 voyage f ,madras to ,b5gal w  dep5d1 9 
reg>d to duration1 entirely ^u ! season4
 ,if !  s\!rly monsoon prevails1 ,po9t  
,palmiras1 :i* is at ! s\!rn  b\nd>y (  
,balasore ,roads1 may be made 9 f ?ree  
to sev5 days3  dur+ ! nor!rly monsoon1 x
 is usual1 exp]i5ce hav+ confirm$  :at  
accid5t probably fir/ sugge/$1 to /ret* 
ov] to ! opposite  side ( ! bay ^u a    
w9d1 & !n to run obliquely across on !  
o!r tack1 s z to arrive 9 s\nd+s ( ! m\?
 ( ! ,hooghly1  :]e ! tides w spe$ily   
convey a vessel up to any place on !    
riv]1 not)/&+ ! w9d's direction4 ,dur+ !
 passage1 "u  ! =m] preval5ce1 ! l& is  
n1 9 g5]al1 se5 until ! wat]  becomes   
obvi\sly discolor$ ) s&4 ,9 ! fir/      
in/ance1 !  c\rse is made directly f    
,madras ,roads1 to ga9 a good (f+1      
:]eby ! dang]\s %oals ( ,pulicat1 ab\t  
five miles nor? (  ,madras1 may be      
avoid$3 ! l& all along ! coa/ be+       
inv>iably  l[1 & ! %all[s project+1 9 "s

 places1 full t5 miles  seaw>d1 x is    
prud5t to keep r t[>ds ! middle ( ! bay1
  &1 f a ,n4,n4,e4 c\rse1 to *ange      
latt]ly to a ,n4,n4,w2 r\nd+ 91  :5 !   
latitude directs1 until ,po9t ,palmiras 
may be f f\r to six  leagues di/ant4    
,x is ( inf9ite importance to be correct
 9 mak+ t po9t1 :i*  is be/ regulat$ by 
a p]fect k ( ! latitude1 !re be+ a      
promontory v simil> !reto1 !nce         
designat$ #8,false ,po9t'2 by  mi/ak+   
:i* _m vessels h be5 lo/4 ,:5 9 sight ( 
,po9t  ,palmiras1 x is usual to await ! 
arrival ( "s pilot-vessel1 (  :i* "o or 
m are always on ! look-out bel[ !       
,s&-,heads1 &  to proce$ into ! riv] "u 
h] guidance4 ,! capture ( sev]al (  ^?  
vessels hav+ occurr$ )9 ^! few ye>s1 9  
consequ5ce (  ,fr5* private]s an*or+1 z 
?\gh 9 want ( pilots1 ?us tak+          
advantage1 9 ! mo/ infam\s & unpr9cipl$ 
mann]1 ( an  in/itution1 t ought ev] to 
be held sacr$1 has giv5 occasion =  _m  
precautions1 :i* mu/ inevitably be      
att5d$ ) inconv5i5ce1  & ev5 dang]1 on  

p>ticul> occasions4 ,9 lieu ( proce$+   
boldly  t[>ds vessels an*or$ at ! usual 
ne plus ultra1 ! pilots n[  draw (f     
t[>ds ! *annels1 all[+ ! %ips to foll[  
at "s  di/ance1 & refra9+ f s5d+ a boat 
on bo>d1 until1 by _!  k ( ! s\nd+s1 !  
s*oon]s may be plac$ out ( dang]4  ,if  
all %\ld prove "r1 :i* is soon asc]ta9$ 
by ! signals made  by ! mate s5t on bo>d
 ! %ip to be pilot$1 ! s*oon]s may !n   
proce$ ) confid5ce2 b if any suspicion  
%\ld rema91 an al>m  w\ld in/antly be   
giv52 &1 if possible1 ! enemy be decoy$ 
among  ^? dreadful %oals1 :]e1 be+ once 
entangl$1 he mu/ fall an easy  prey to  
su* =ce z might be s5t aga9/ him4       
,!re are v>i\s *annels by :i* a %ip may 
proce$ to ! h>b\r (  ,k$g]ee1 situat$ _m
 miles up ! riv]1 b ^? mo/ frequ5t$1    
especially by su* z import1 are !       
middle1 & left *annels1 :i*  h1 h[ev]1  
b>ely ?ree fa?oms & a half at l[ wat]2  
consequ5tly1 %ips ( bur!n are commonly  
br\ght to an*or1 9 su*  positions z may 
all[ _! tak+ advantage ( ! be/ "p ( !   

tide = pass+ ! %all[s3 nev]!less1 ! s&  
is pl\gh$ up1 by  ! action ( a %ip's    
passage ov] !m1 9 su* mann] z w\ld lead 
"o1 at fir/ sight1 to conclude %e 7 t\*+
 ! gr\nd1 :5  p]haps h] keel is _m feet 
above x4 ,dur+ daylight1 !  pilot-s*oon]
 makes few signals1 b1 aft] night-fall1 
on e heave  ( ! lead1 %e communicates1  
by means ( m>oons1 7:i* are  flambeaux (
 an imm5se size1 alt]nately exhibit$ &  
conceal$ 9 a  l>ge tub17 ! exact s\nd+s 
9 :i* %e is proce$+4 ,no great]  c>e c  
possibly be tak51 ?an 9 ! ,company's    
pilot-s]vice1 to  conduct %ips 9 safety3
 exclusive ( "*1 !re is mu* at /ake2  = 
no pilot :o loses "o ( ! ,company's     
%ips1 is reta9$ on !  li/3 he is1 ipso  
facto1 dismiss$4 ,?is regulation1 :i*1  
no d\bt1  may1 9 a few cases1 press h>d 
on v m]itori\s individuals1 mu/ be      
consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ important props ( ! 
in/itution1 among  p]sons :o may h      
habitually indulg$ 9 ! use ( spiritu\s  
liquors to a dang]\s excess4 ,i knew "s 
( ! pilots :o 7  p]fectly s5sible ( _!  

fail+s1 & c\ld n be induc$1 ei!r  by    
temptation1 or entreaty1 to ta/e ( any  
bev]age /rong] ?an wat]  or c\ntry-be]1 
until !y _h se5 _! *>ges moor$ 9 safety4
  ,t be+ done--good bye to =be>ance6    
,x is n a little wond]ful1 t m5 :o h !  
p[] to ov]rule a  dang]\s prop5sity1    
m]ely :5 _! pr(essional *>act]s are at  
/ake1 %\ld at e o!r mom5t ?r[ aside t   
curb1 :i*1 if  duly ma9ta9$1 w\ld       
pres]ve _! heal?1 & r5d] !m f> m        
acceptable memb]s ( society6    ,!      
c\ntry all along ! sea-coa/1 on bo?     
sides ( ! riv]'s m\?1  be+ extremely l[1
 & !re be+ no hills ( suffici5t altitude
 to  be di/+ui%$ at sea1 especially on !
 "r bank1 v little  gratification is    
(f]$ to ! eye by ! surr\nd+ sc5]y4 ,!   
%elv+ bea*1 on ei!r h&1 is ov]gr[n1 9   
mo/ p>ts1 ) trees  r>ely exce$+ tw5ty   
feet 9 height1 ^: /ems are surr\nd$ )   
"u-wood1 or grass jungle1 9 :i*         
abundance ( de] are to be f\nd4  ,!     
pursuit ( sport mu/1 h[ev]1 be inv>iably
 desi/$ f1 on  acc\nt ( ! imm5se numb]s 

( tig]s :i* occupy ! same cov]s4  ,x    
r>ely happ5s t a p>ty l& = ! purpose (  
%oot+ de]1 or  wild hogs1 7:i* are      
equally abundant17 )\t meet+ ) "s       
accid5t2 or1 at lea/1 be+ fright5$ s z  
to produce ! mo/  salut>y =be>ance4     
,ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 a son ( !    
late ,sir  ,hector ,monro 0 c>ri$ (f by 
a tig] f among 8 comrades1 :o _h  seat$ 
!mselves r\nd a l>ge fire1 made to      
obviate ! appreh5d$  dang]1 :ile !y     
await$ ! arrival ( a boat t 0 to convey 
!m  back to _! %ip4    ,all ! way1 f    
,balasore up to ,k$g]ee1 ! prospect1 if 
we except  ^? agreeable s5sations aris+ 
f ! display ( vegetation1 &  f arriv+ at
 ! ultimate ?ule ( de/9ation1 r we>ies  
?an  pleases3 no?+ is to be se5 b a     
s]ies ( wild]ness1 p]haps "h  & !re     
enclos+ a few huts1 or1 9 ! brok5       
int]vals1 display+  "s insignificant    
village1 ( :i* ! inhabitants are z poor 
z !y  are idle4 ,no public edifice2 no  
gay villas2 no busy hum ( m52 no  cr[d$ 
:>fs6 ,9 fact1 ,i sc>cely "k a spot m   

dre>y ?an !  deb\* ( ! ,hooghly1 = at   
lea/ ?irty miles2 or until arrival at   
,diamond ,h>b\r4    ,x is usual = !     
pilot-s*oon] to return to ! ,roads1 9   
se>* (  o!r importations1 unless h] t\r 
may be ov]2 9 :i* in/ance1 %e  proce$s  
up to ,calcutta2 leav+ a p]son on bo>d1 
le/ ! vessel  %\ld drag h] an*ors1 & to 
prev5t h] gett+ into f\l gr\nd4  ,!     
purs]1 = ! mo/ "p1 avails himself ( !   
att5dance ( !  *okey-boats1 :i* are     
always ply+ ab\t ! m\? ( ! riv]s  = !   
express purpose ( receiv+ packets4 ,9   
favorable seasons1  ^! boats h be5 kn[n 
to rea* ,calcutta1 di/ant full sixty    
miles1  9 "o tide4 ,if a s*oon] %\ld be 
proce$+ up ! riv]1 !re  %\ld be no      
hesitation 9 emb>k+ 9 h]3 no equal      
accommodation c1  9 g5]al1 be _h3 ! :ole
 risk1 tr\ble1 & delay1 att5dant ^u     
mak+ a passage 9 any ( ! common c\ntry  
boats1 are at once  annihilat$4 ,! pilot
 may possibly expect "s return = 8 good 
(fices2 b1 if he likes 8 company1 w1 9  
all probability1 set  !m a%ore at       

,calcutta free ( all exp5ce4    ,i %\ld 
n envy ! purs] 8 trip 9 a *okey-boat1 ) 
no o!r  ?an a v small semi-circul> cov]+
 ( mats1 "u :i* x is  impossible to sit 
upright1 except exactly "u its c5tre4 ,9
  tempe/u\s seasons1 & su* are g5]ally !
 p]iods 9 :i* !  ,indiam5 arrive1 !re is
 (t5 a high swell betwe5 ,k$g]ee &      
,fulta1  ! riv] be+ 9 "s p>ts f ?ree to 
six miles across1 &  runn+ to ! s\?w>d1 
f :i* qu>t] ! w9d bl[s v  =cibly = five 
mon?s at lea/4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh s v few   
accid5ts happ51 x _c be consid]$ z a    
safe voyage betwe5 !  %ip & ! capital4  
,! *okey-boats are all "u !             
ma/]-att5dant1 & be> ! ,company's       
colors1 on a small /aff1 or1  at times1 
at ! head ( ! ma/1 made ( a s+le bamboo1
 ne>ly z  long z ! boat2 :i* ord9>ily   
r[s t5 or twelve o>s4 ,be+ ( a  light   
con/ruction1 & dive/$ ( all sup]flu\s   
app>atus1 !  *okey-boats proce$ at a    
prodigi\s rate2 &1 on em]g5cy1 ev5 :5   
oppos$ by ! tide1 c ga9 f two to six    
miles h\rly2 accord+ z  !y may be able  

to r[ along ! slack wat]2 to pole up    
aga9/ !  m rapid /reams2 or to track up1
 :5 bo? w9d & tide are /rongly  adv]se4 
,:5 relatives1 or p>ticul> fri5ds1 are  
on bo>d any %ip ^:  arrival is expect$1 
x is cu/om>y to s5d a /\t p9nace-budgr[ 
to  meet h] at ,k$g]ee1 !re to receive !
 p]sons = ^:  accommodation x 0 provid$4
 ,:5 ?is act ( k9dness takes place1  all
 ! necess>y provision1 a b$1 table1     
*airs1 c4 are put on bo>d1  toge!r ) a  
prop] numb] ( s]vants ( su* description 
z are  g5]ally ne$ful on ! wat]4 ,few :o
 h any feel+ = _!  noviciate companions 
on bo>d1 especially ^? :o h be5 9       
,india1  quit ! %ip )\t tak+ ) !m z _m z
 ! p9nace c1  )\t di/ress+ all1 receive4
 ,?is w9d-fall does n happ5 e  day2 ?\gh
 few %ips return to ,india )\t convey+  
"o or m old  /&>ds1 ei!r civil or       
milit>y3 b x is n always t notice  c be 
receiv$ ( a %ip's be+ ab\t to import2 & 
:5 su* notice  has be5 receiv$1 x is n  
always ?\ght (1 or p]haps practicable1  
to s5d a p9nace to receive an old fri5d4

    ,p]sons 9 a delicate /ate ( heal?   
%\ld1 if possible1 wait till  "s safe & 
com=table conveyance c be obta9$4 ,! mo/
 c]ta9  mode is1 to commission ! purs]  
to hire a vessel ! mom5t he rea*es      
,calcutta1 & to s5d h] (f "u *>ge ( "s  
s]vant1 :o %\ld  see t no delay 7 made  
by ! boatm52 :i*1 if paid by ! day1     
w\ld inevitably foll[4 ,! mis=tune is1 t
 v few c endure to  be conf9$ s mu*     
long] on bo>d1 & (t5 impati5tly reject  
su* a  proposition3 "h we may expect to 
f9d t ! greate/ ha/e makes  ! wor/ spe$2
 at ! same "t t ! exp5ces are encreas$  
greatly1 :ile ! accommodations are      
det]iorat$ 9 exact ratio4    ,n[ & !n1  
an adv5tur\s manjee1 7or boat-ma/]17 :o 
kn[s h[ to  make a good b>ga91 w l+]    
ab\t ,diamond ,h>b\r1 or lay up 9       
,culpee ,creek1 ) ! int5t ( go+ d[n1 w9d
 & tide p]mitt+1  to ! fir/ %ip :i* may 
arrive f ,europe4 ,su* m5 are c]ta9 (  a
 good f>e1 x be+ v common to give f     
fifty rupees 7ab\t six  gu9eas7 to "o   
hundr$ 7ab\t twelve gu9eas7 = ! trip4   

,su* an  opportunity1 h[ev] extravagant 
! t]ms may appe>1 ought n to be  lo/2 x 
be+ a great *ance :e!r a second vessel (
 ! same  description may proce$ to !    
%ip4 ,z to small boats1 r[+ f\r or  six 
o>s1 & hav+ ei!r a ?at*$ cab91 or a     
semi-circul> awn+  ( mats1 sev]al ( !m  
may come along-side2 b !y w n be f\nd   
to yield ! smalle/ accommodation beyond 
%elt] f ! sun2 :ile  _! manjees w n fail
 to take e advantage ( :atev]  di/ress1 
or difficulty1 ! pass5g] may labor "u4  
,x w\ld n be j to inf]1 f :at ,i h said1
 respect+ !  read9ess ) :i* ! boatm5    
avail !mselves ( ! necessities (  p]sons
 desir\s to leave a %ip1 t !y are       
p>ticul>ly covet\s1  or prone to        
imposition3 we ne$ only look at home1   
:]e we %all f9d  t no m]cy is %ewn to   
su* un=tunate p]sons z become ! prey (  
our wat]m51 along ! :ole ext5t ( our    
coa/4 ,see ) :at  h>d-he>t$1 call\s     
apa?y1 ! boatman views ! di/ress ( !    
un?9k+ y\?1 :o1 ei!r by neglect1 or by  
accid5t1 rema9s on  %ore aft] ! boats t 

frequ5t 8 own %ip1 !n "u weigh1 h  put  
(f6 ,:at pray]s1 or argum5ts1 %ort ( ^? 
issu+ f !  purse1 c urge him to relieve 
! anxiety ( him1 ^: :ole hope1  ^: only 
res\rce1 lies 9 t voyage = :i* e        
prep>ation has  be5 made1 & = :i*       
exp5ces1 (t5 ne>ly ru9\s to fri5ds &    
connections1 h be5 defray$6 ,i speak n (
 ^? :o are 9 a hurry  to quit _! %ips1  
be=e com+ to an an*or2 if !y w h _!     
way1 !y mu/ pay = su* intemp]ate ha/e2 x
 is an exp5ce !y  h ! option ( avoid+4  
,really1 :5 we come to a fair           
computation ( ! risks att5dant ^u  tak+ 
a vessel1 built expressly =             
accommodation1 & n int5d$ to  meet !    
rude surges (1 :at may be call$1 an arm 
( ! sea2 t  f twelve to eighte5 m5 are  
engag$2 t mu* "t is lo/ 9  wait+        
arrivals2 t full sixty miles are to be  
pass$ ov]2 & t1  p]haps1 f\r or five    
g5tlem51 ) all _! luggage t may be at   
h&1 are convey$2 ,i say1 :5 all ?is is  
consid]$1 al?\gh we  c]ta9ly1 f habit ( 
hav+ ?+s *eap] 9 ,india1 may deem ev5  !

 fifty rupees exorbitant1 yet !re appe>s
 f> less reason to f9d  fault ) !       
extortion ( ! ,indian ?an !re is to     
condemn !  cruel rapacity ( ! ,engli%   
boatman6    ,:atev] may be ! rate at :i*
 ! boat1 suppos+ x to be a              
p9nace-budgr[1 is engag$1 no app>atus ( 
any description %\ld be  expect$2 = none
 w be f\nd4 ,!re w usually be an op5    
v]&a  9 ! front1 hav+ ?ree or f\r /eps  
to desc5d f ! deck  !reto2 x be+ on !   
same level ) ! front1 or d9+ room4 ,!   
aft]-room n>r[s consid]ably t[>ds ! /]n2
 &1 on acc\nt (  ! vessel's =m1 its     
floor is usually rais$ "o or two /eps2  
?is is  ! sleep+ ap>tm5t3 at ! /]n is a 
small slip1 s]v+ = a  qu>t]-gall]y3 ,!  
ro(s ( ^! boats are usually flat2 & "s  
h side-rails above to prev5t luggage1 or
 ^? :o sleep !re1 f  fall+ ov]bo>d4 ,!  
sides are furni%$1 = _! :ole l5g?1 )    
,v5etian bl9ds1 9 frames :i* lift up by 
means ( h+es at _!  tops2 & a long      
curta91 made ei!r ( t>paul91 or ( pa9t$1
 or (  :ite canvas1 is nail$ on !       

outside2 lett+ d[n at pleasure1 to  keep
 out w9d1 ra91 du/1 c4 ,! bal+-place is 
ord9>ily ab\t !  c5tre ( ! front room2 t
 be+ ! deepe/ "p ( ! boat's  bottom4    
,baggage may be put "u ! deck2 b t "p is
 g5]ally  occupi$ by ! d&ies1 7or r[]s17
 if p]mitt$ to sleep !re2 or  p]haps !  
manjee may ?9k x wor? 8 :ile to make x a
 trad+  voyage & lay 9 salt1 rice1 c4 to
 be dispos$ ( to advantage on 8  arrival
 at ! presid5cy4    ,f ?is concise      
detail x w be se51 t "s p5ance mu/ be   
und]gone1 ev5 9 ?is k9d ( boat1 &       
suppos+ x to be p]fectly  fitt$ up ) !  
above def5ces aga9/ bad wea!r3 b su* w  
r>ely turn out to be ! case4 ,! sea-cot 
is n[ ( s+ul> use2 its  hooks be+ )drawn
 f ! %ip's beams1 & ins]t$ 9 ^? (  !    
budgr[4 ,^? :o _h /&+ b$-places1 mu/    
spread _!  mattresses1 c4 on ! floor3   
all mu/ sit ^u _! trunks1 or  :atev] may
 be at h&2 & e little article (         
conv5i5ce br\ght  f ! %ip w become      
useful4 ,c&les1 c&le-/icks1 t9-w>e1     
glasses1 c4 are n[ invaluable4 ,z to    

table-clo?s1 !re be+ no  table1 !y may  
be *e]fully disp5s$ )2 z may also knives
 &  =ks1 !re be+ no plates2 x be+       
probable t curry & rice1  prep>$ by !   
boatm51 w =m ! bill ( f>e4 ,^? :o are   
fond  ( sav\ry di%es1 may1 9 ?is        
in/ance1 gratify !mselves ) a  repa/ 9  
high e/imation among ! g5tlem5 ( ,india3
 viz4 a d&y's  curry2 b ,i fe>1 t ^? :o 
h be5 9 ! habit ( eat+ made  di%es1 at a
 di/ance f ! cul9>y op]ations1 may n    
altoge!r  reli% ! mann] ( prep>ation1   
nor be inv>iably pleas$ ) !  appe>ance (
 ! cook2 ^: habilim5ts w probably consi/
 ( a  clo? wrapp$ r\nd 8 wai/1 !n pass$ 
betwe5 8 ?ighs1 & a  small cap1 if !    
p>ty be a ,mussulman2 if a ,h9du1 !     
entire dress may  be compos$ ( a small  
cord ti$ r\nd 8 wai/ = ! purpose (      
support+ a n>r[ piece ( clo? pass$      
betwe5 8 ?ighs ?us b>ely  answ]+ !      
purpose ( a fig-leaf4 ,h]petic          
eruptions1 9 l>ge  pat*es1 all ov] !    
back1 brea/ & arms1 toge!r ) obvi\s     
symptoms ( a m tr\blesome cutane\s      

compla9t1 ab\t ! f+]s1  c4 are by no    
means r>e1 yet nev] disqualify ! scrat*+
 suff]]  f (ficiat+ z cook to ! crew6 ,7
 su* trifles to be  objectionable1 x    
might be some:at difficult to get a d9n]
 dress$4    ,x be+ utt]ly impracticable 
to r[ a budgr[ aga9/ ! tide1 :i*        
ord9>ily runs f ?ree to six miles 9 !   
h\r1 & _m  difficulties pres5t+ !mselves
 to r5d] x by no means easy to  track   
along ! %ore1 especially :]e ! mud-banks
 %elve out a great  way1 ! manjee w     
probably come to ne> "s village1 or 9 "s
  creek1 dur+ ! ebb2 &1 z x r>ely happ5s
 t ! fir/ ( !  flood is tak51 p>ticul>ly
 dur+ ! night "t1 9 all probability  !  
be/ "p ( ?ree days w be exp5d$ betwe5   
,k$g]ee &  ,calcutta4 ,if a few bottles 
( w9e1 a small quantity ( biscuit1 a    
piece  ( beef1 or ( pork1 & a pack (    
c>ds1 h be5 suppli$ f !  %ip1 s mu* ! m 
agreeably w ! "t be pass$2 b ,i _c  =be>
 f obs]v+1 t intemp]ance at ?is "t r>ely
 fails to  br+ on fev]s1 su* z baffle ! 
art ( man4 ,^? :o heat _!  blood on fir/

 ent]+ ! c\ntry1 :e!r by dr9k+1 or by   
exposure  to ! sun1 become subject to   
diseases ( ! liv] :i* are too (t5       
incurable1 & f9ally1 ?\gh aft] "s ye>s  
p]haps1 drag _!  l+]+ victim to ! grave4
 ,) respect to ba?+1 x is n only        
insalubri\s1 z practis$ by p]sons :o h n
 prop] app>atus at  h&1 b highly        
dang]\s1 on acc\nt ( ! incr$ible numb]s 
(  alligators & %>ks1 :i* infe/ n only !
 great riv]1 b e  little creek1 &       
puddle1 )9 rea* ( ! tide4    ,! manjee  
g5]ally endeavors to rea* ,culpee1      
,fultah1 or ,diamond  ,h>b\r1 ) ! fir/  
tide3 at ei!r ( ^? places _m articles ( 
provision may be _h1 & !re w be f\nd "s 
p]sons :o c speak  a little ,engli%4 ,^!
 w inv>iably d all 9 _! p[] to  enc\rage
 ! pur*ase ( _m ?+s ( no use :atev]1 b  
:i*  become p]quisites to ! manjee1 on 8
 pass5g]s quitt+ ! vessel4  ,abundance (
 p\ltry may be se52 b1 ) ! exception ( a
 curry1  !re w no me?od ( dress+ !m2    
unless accid5tally "s p]son  be on bo>d1
 9 :atev] capacity1 :o c trim a f[l1 &  

roa/ x4 ,if  fi% are to be _h1 !y w come
 "u ! same difficulty2 s t1  l ,san*o1 9
 ! mid/ ( pl5ty1 a man may be next to   
/>v+1 if  he _c make up 8 m9d to p>take 
( ! d&ies' curry4    ,x is prop] to     
caution aga9/ eat+ mu* fruit1 ?\gh x may
 be  p]fectly ripe3 unseasonable avidity
 9 ?is way has prov$ fatal to  _m on _! 
arrival4 ,a few bananas w n incommode2 b
 !  cocoa-nut1 h[ev] pleasant & refre%+ 
x may be1 %\ld be p>tak5  ( v sp>+ly2 x 
be+ extremely apt to affect ! b[els1 z  
is  also ! jack4    ,^? :o h nev] _h an 
opportunity ( see+ ! fire-fly1 w be     
agreeably surpriz$ at ! millions ( ^?   
little lum9>ies1 :i* at  night bespangle
 e bu%3 display+ !mselves 9 ! mo/ vivid 
mann]4 ,! h9d p>ts ( ^! insects1 :i* may
 be ab\t ! size (  common h\se-flies1   
are replete ) a brilliant sub/ance1     
simil> to  t conta9$ 9 ! gl[-worm1 &1 l 
x1 equally innoc5t4 ,x is  extremely    
curi\s1 t1 9 _m p>ts ( ! ocean1 imm5se  
%oals (  ! lum9\s sea-maggot1 ea* ab\t !
 size ( a man's f+]1 %\ld  be se5 at    

nights1 caus+ ! wat] to assume a        
phosphoric appe>ance4  ,9 sail+ ?r\gh ^!
 liv+ %oals1 abundance may be drawn up 9
  buckets2 :ile1 at ! same "t1          
innum]able fi%es ( prey may be  he>d1 or
 se51 ru%+ among !m1 &1 no d\bt1 mak+ _m
 a he>ty  meal4 ,! great di/ance f all  
l& at :i* ^! %oals are to be  f\nd1 mu/ 
cause u to wond] at _! orig91 & at _!   
future  purposes2 = we c sc>cely suppose
 !m to be d]iv$ f  t]re/rial p>5ts2 nor 
is x v easy to reconcile to ourselves1 t
  !y *ange into fi%es ( any k9d4 ,x %\ld
 r seem t  all-b\ntiful ,provid5ce has  
creat$ !m = ! sole purpose (  af=d+     
su/5ance to ^? fi%es1 :i*1 9 consequ5ce 
( _!  rema9+1 p]haps altoge!r1 remote f 
e %ore1 w\ld1 b =  ^! l>v1 7z we mu/1 = 
want ( kn[+ bett]1 call !m17 be  unable 
to subsi/4    ,p]sons arriv+ f ,europe1 
r>ely h any b ,briti% co9s2 9 !         
disburs+ ( :i* _m impositions w be      
practis$4 ,! be/ mode is  to t5d] !     
:ole1 )\t delay1 to "s ( ! ,engli% ag5cy
  h\ses1 :o w readily pay _! full value2

 x be+ (t5 a matt]  ( difficulty to     
obta9 a few gu9eas = _! fri5ds :o may be
 ab\t  to emb>k1 )\t pay+ an exorbitant 
sum to ! %r(f's1 or native  bank]s1 :o c
 acquire !m only f su* p]sons z import )
 !  ,indiam51 & are r>ely acqua9t$ ) _! 
real value4    ,acc\nts are g5]ally kept
 9 curr5t rupees1 :i* are consid]$1     
7?\gh 9 !mselves nom9al1 !re be+ no su* 
co917 ! /&>d  to :i* all o!r d5om9ations
 ( money %\ld be r$uc$3 ?is is1 9  fact1
 ! application ( "o t]m1 :]eby all o!rs 
are to be  appreciat$4 ,x is (t5 f\nd   
useful to h a second column1 9 e  folio1
 :]e9 to note ! correspond+ am\nts 9    
sicca rupees1 !y  be+ 9 g5]al use4 ,!   
inf9ite v>iety1 bo? ( gold mohurs1 & (  
rupees1 r5d]s x highly necess>y = ! "y  
adv5tur] to be  c>eful1 le/ he %\ld     
receive su* z are ( inf]ior value2 a    
trick  extremely common among s]vants1 z
 well z %r(fs1 sirc>s1 &  %op-keep]s2   
all ( :om w ex]cise _! cunn+ to obta9 ! 
smalle/ advantage1 & d]ive peculi>      
satisfaction f involv+ !  matt] 9 z mu* 

confusion z possible4    ,! ,calcutta   
se] is fix$ at eighty sicca rupees      
weight2 ! factors'  maund1 ( ! same     
place1 am\nts to "o-t5? less1 on acc\nt 
( its  hav+ b sev5ty-two siccas to its  
se]4 ,9 ! upp] prov9ces1 ev5  !         
neighb\r+ villages (t5 v>y to a great   
ext5t2 "s se]s be+  only sixty-f\r pice1
 :ile o!rs are n9ety-six2 ! pice & !    
sicca rupee be+ ne>ly ( a weight4 ,nor  
is ! value ( a pice1 :i*  is a copp]    
co91 less unc]ta92 on "s days !y are at 
sixty to a  rupee1 at o!r times1 z high 
z sixty-five or sixty-six2 j z may      
happ5 to suit ! %r(fs1 :o1 by ?is       
fluctuation1 create a k9d (  /ock-jobb+ 
traffic2 :]eby !y rob ! public z mu*1 & 
z  (t51 z !y please2 no "o int]f]+ to   
control ?is nef>i\s &  unp>allel$       
insol5ce6    ,! foll[+ v>ieties reg>d+ !
 guz %\ld be und]/ood2 !y  be+ :at =m]ly
 7 9 use1 & ^u :i* _m details ( anci5t  
occurr5ces & measurem5ts dep5d4    ,!   
guz-s\dah1 #bd ( a f+]1 z measur$ by    
,h>oon ,re%e$ f  ! h& ( "o ( 8 slaves4  

,?is 0 ! basis ( ! nilomet]1 &  ( ! y>d 
= measur+ clo?s4 ,! guz-me-sahet measur$
  tw5ty-eight f+]s1 & t ( ,humaion      
?irty-two3 ! latt] 0  us$ by ord] ( ,%e]
 ,khan1 & ,selim ,khan1 = ! measurem5t (
  cultivat$ l&s4 ,akb] also all[$ a guz 
( =ty-six f+]s to be  us$ = clo? only1 &
 "o measur+ =ty-two isecund]ees1 7small 
co9s ( base silv]17 to be us$ = o!r     
purposes4 ,?is is call$ !  secundry-guz4
 ,a coss is g5]ally accept$ at two      
,engli% miles1 &  w1 = ! mo/ "p1 be f\nd
 to come )9 a m]e trifle ( t            
measurem5t4 ,9 "s places1 !y reckon by !
 puckah1 or long coss2  9 o!rs1 by !    
gh[-coss1 :i* alludes to t di/ance ! l[+
  ( cattle may be he>d3 ?is is also     
call$ ! cut*a-coss2 mean+  imp]fect1 or 
%ort4 ,! fact is1 t ! l5g? ( a coss is  
p]fectly  undef9$ by any prop] /&>d1 or 
explanation4 ,:at else1 inde$1 c  be    
expect$ 9 a c\ntry :]e !re are nei!r    
public roads1 nor inns1  public         
conveyances1 nor ev5 mile /ones1 or     
direct+ po/s1 on !  mo/ practis$ r\tes4 

,among o!r salut>y & useful1 b          
un=tunately tempor>y1  regulations1 !   
,emp]or ,akb] fix$ ! coss at #ejjj guz1 
equal to #dgeg  y>ds1 or two miles1 five
 furlongs1 ( our /&>d4 ,%ah ,jehan      
aft]w>ds encreas$ x1 by ! addition ( "o 
furlong2 b bo? _!  measurem5ts gradually
 fell into disuse1 & ! old nom9al coss (
  ,h9do/an aga9 came into vogue4        
,includ+ all ! v>iations1 h[ev]1  9 :at 
are call$ puckah-cosses !re appe> less  
anomalies ?an might  be expect$ 9 a     
range ( #agjj miles1 ?r\gh\t :i* no     
det]m9ate  law1 on t subject1 obta9s4   
,comput+ by horizontal measurem5ts1     
betwe5 places ^: di/ances are accurately
 kn[n1 x appe>s t !  coss may be tak5 at
 a mile & n9e-t5?s3 9 ?is1 "o mile 9    
sev5  is ?r[n into ! computation1 to    
acc\nt aga9/ ! w9d+ ( roads4  ,9 !      
,malwa c\ntry1 ! cosses are ab\t an     
eigh? long] ?an 9 !  ,company's dom9ions
 t[>ds t qu>t]2 :ile1 9 ! vic9ity (     
,masulipatam !y are 9 ! same proportion 
%ort]4 ,! goondy coss (  ! ,nagpore     

di/rict1 is ab\t ?ree miles4 ,p]haps !  
mo/ absurd mode  ( asc]ta9+ ! l5g? ( a  
coss1 :i*1 by ! by1 mu/ be a v  %ort "o1
 &1 accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ,abu ,fazil1 
0 practis$  among ! ,h9dus1 dep5d$ on   
#8,"o ?\s& /eps tak5 by a woman  be>+ a 
*ild' 7( :at age is n specifi$7 #89 h]  
arms1 & a j>  ( wat]'1 7also indef9ite z
 to bulk17 #8on h] head6' ,aga91 #8!    
di/ance a man c\ld g1 at a quick pace1  
)\t be+ out ( brea?'1  0 acc\nt$ a coss6
 ,o!rs det]m9$ t measurem5t by #8pluck+ 
a  gre5 leaf1 & be>+ x on _! heads until
 x became dry6'    ,! mo/ rational1 &   
simple mode ( adju/m5t1 appe>s to be t  
ord]$ by ,%e] ,khan1 viz4 sixty j]eebs (
 sixty guz ea*4 ,?is  w\ld be ab\t #cejj
 y>ds2 be+ only tw5ty less ?an two      
/atute  miles4 ,:5ev] ! emp]or m>*$ ) 8 
armies1 p]sons 7  appo9t$ to measure 8  
r\te1 by means ( bamboos cut to ! l5g? (
  twelve & a half ilahi-guz2 f\r hundr$ 
bamboos be+ acc\nt$ a  coss2 :i*1 z     
already specifi$1 am\nt$ to two miles & 
five  furlongs4    ,! l&-measure 9 use  

among ! ,europeans ( ,calcutta1 is ?us  
arrang$4     #bj feet by #bj1 equal to  
#djj squ>e feet make                #a  
cottah1     #bj cottahs                 
#a beegah or                            
bigah    ,! natives are m p>ticul> 9 _! 
divisions ( ! beegah1 !y  av]age its    
p>ts 9 ! foll[+ mann]4      #cj squ>e   
feet                           make     
#a *attack1      #af *attacks           
#a cottah or                            
biswah1      #bj cottahs1 or biswahs1   
7i4e4 tw5tie?s7           #a beegah or  
bigah4    ,among ! peasantry1 o!r       
beegahs are 9 use1 viz4 "o :i* has an   
area ( #cfjj ilahi-guz1 equal to #cjbe  
squ>e y>ds2 b1 9 g5]al1  ! dessy-bigah (
 only #afjj squ>e y>ds1 prevails4 ,?is  
ilahi-guz  is divid$ into tw5ty-f\r     
tesuj1 ea* ( :i*1 9 ! long guz  %\ld be 
equal to ! bread? ( eight ord9>y b>ley  
corns2 b 9  ! %ort guz1 only ( six4 ,!  
=m] 0 us$ 9 great works2 !  latt] 9     
small ones1 su* z manufactures1 c4      
,all goods be+ l&$ "u ! inspection (    

cu/om-h\se (fic]s1  ! pass5g] w h little
 opportunity ( int]f]+ 9 reg>d to  8    
baggage1 or m]*&ize4 ,nor %\ld ,i       
recomm5d 8 attempt+1  p]sonally1 to     
transact any bus9ess be=e he may h      
deliv]$ 8  lett]s ( cr$it1 or (         
introduction4 ,t %\ld be 8 fir/ /ep2    
bo? because x w be ! means ( manag+ all 
8 conc]ns )  facility1 &1 probably1 (   
be+ com=tably situat$1 )\t hav+         
occasion to resort to a tav]n4    ,"h ,i
 deem x an indisp5sable duty1 to w>n !  
"y adv5tur] n  to dissipate 8 money1 ru9
 8 heal?1 & injure 8 reputation1 by     
frequ5t+ tav]ns4 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e p]sons  
:o d n keep h\se  mu/ occasionally sit  
d[n to a meal 9 public1 cu/om has n only
  conniv$ at1 b sanction$1 ! resort to  
c(fee-h\ses1 c4 ,) u1  ^! af=d conv5i5ce
 to ?\s&s1 :o c\ld nev] provide s       
com=tably at home1 at ! same exp5ce4 ,! 
c(fee-h\ses 9 ,europe  may likewise be  
consid]$ z ! r5dezv\s ( p]sons 9 ! same 
l9e  ( bus9ess1 & (f]+ ! opportunity =  
adju/+ a ?\s&  matt]s1 :i*1 ei!r ow+ to 

remote resid5ce1 or to ! pressure (  o!r
 conc]ns1 c\ld n else be br\ght to      
imm$iate conclusion4    ,! tav]ns 9     
,india are ^u a v diff]5t plan3 !y are  
ei!r (  ! fir/ rate1 at :i* public d9n]s
 are occasionally giv52 or !y  are ( t  
mean description :i* receive all :o h a 
rupee to  sp5d1 "u ! det]m9ation (      
extract+ t rupee1 9 "s %ape  or o!r4 ,! 
=m] class is v conf9$ 9 numb]s1 b !     
latt]  are abundantly num]\s1 & may be  
readily di/+ui%$ by !  promiscu\s       
company1 ! %abb9ess ( ! treatm5t1 & !   
excess (  imposition practis$1          
especially on novices4 ,x is extremely  
easy to  avoid ! necessity = runn+ into 
! m\?s ( ^! levia?ans3 all  t is        
requisite1 be+ m]ely to call at ! fir/  
(fice1 or %op1  & to enquire = !        
resid5ce ( ! g5tleman to :om ! lett] (  
introduction may be address$4 ,no       
c]emony %\ld be us$ 9 expla9+  !        
circum/ances1 & 9 solicit+ ! aid ( a    
s]vant to lead !  way4 ,i nev] yet he>d 
( a want ( civility on su* occasions4   

,9 speak+ ?us confid5tly reg>d+ a lett] 
( introduction1 ,i am  pre-suppos+1 t ! 
case alludes to a p]son n appo9t$ to !  
s]vice ( ! ,company3 = ,i _c conceive   
:at c\ld induce any man  (              
respectability to visit ,india1 )\t "s  
sub/antial  recomm5dation1 or1 inde$1   
unless "u "s agreem5t1 or suffici5t     
assurance ( be+ employ$ 9 su* mann] z   
might t5d to c]ta9  advantage4 ,no?+ c  
be m =lorn ?an ! situation ( a m]e      
adv5tur]1 on 8 arrival 9 ,india6 ,)     
money 9 8 pocket1 he may  assur$ly      
subsi/2 b1 )\t "s fri5d to introduce him
 into  society1 he may rema9 = ye>s )\t 
be+ notic$2 =1 ?r\gh\t  ! ,ea/1 &       
especially at ! sev]al presid5cies1 he  
:o kn[s  nobody1 him w nobody "k6       
,resid5ce at a tav]n1 is1 9 itself1 a   
p]fect disqualification among p]sons (  
repute2 z imply+ ei!r an  addiction to  
liquor1 or a pr$ilection = l[ company4  
,9 say+ ?is1 ,i mu/ n be und]/ood z     
d5y+1 t "s wor?y  *>act]s h be5 rescu$ f
 p]petual degradation1 by accid5tal     

int]c\rse ) p]sons ( peculi> s5sibility3
 b su* nice  feel+s1 & t unqualifi$     
lib]ality1 :i* may h be5  occasionally  
discov]$ 9 a few individuals1 are r>ely 
unit$2 &1  :5 !y are1 x too (t5 happ5s t
 ! p[] to r5d] !m  effectively b5eficial
 is altoge!r want+4 ,a man may be       
?or\ghly  conv9c$ ( ! wor?9ess ( 8      
proteg1 b x w n always  foll[ t society 
w jo9 him 9 op9ion4 ,9 consid]+ ! /ate  
( society 9 ,india1 ?is w be evid5t3 its
 be+ /rongly inculcat$  w prove         
s]viceable to _m1 :o may h mis-conceiv$ 
! subject  9 g5]al3 or :o may h be5 l$1 
by a too sangu9e disposition1 to  deem !
 :ole toil1 risk1 & solicitude z be+    
ov]1 s soon z  _! feet c re/ on ! t]ra  
firma ( ,h9do/an4    ,! ord9>y mode 9   
:i* an ,european is attack$1 on 8 fir/  
arrival  at ,calcutta1 is by ! t5d] ( a 
be>]1 c>ry+ a l>ge umbrella1 to  %elt]  
ma/] f ! sun1 or ra94 ,!re is some?+    
ab\t a  /rang]1 9 t qu>t]1 :i* in/antly 
ann\nces him to all !  pr$atory tribe1  
:o wait at ! :>fs 9 expectation ( liv+  

booty3  b1 if su* 7 n ! case1 8 total   
ignorance ( ! language  w\ld be         
suffici5t to det]m9e _! conduct4 ,!     
be>]1 :o is 9  league ) t num]\s horde (
 miscreants call$ sirc>s1  ab\nd+1 n    
only at ,calcutta1 b ?r\gh\t ! l[]      
prov9ces1  spe$ily conveys ! h9t to 8   
associates1 :5 a smoo?-fac$ *ap1  :o    
speaks ,engli% well en\gh to be         
und]/ood1 & :o compreh5ds  m ?an he w   
ackn[l$ge1 advances1 & mak+ a respectful
  obeisance1 call$ a salaam1 by b5d+ 8  
head d[nw>ds1 & plac+  ! palm ( 8 "r h& 
to 8 =ehead1 makes an (f] ( 8  s]vices  
to ! /ray ,briton4    ,h[ev] prep>$ a   
y\? may be1 by all ! cauti\s injunctions
 (  fri5ds1 & by ! detail ( knav]ies    
practis$ by su* *>act]s1  /ill x is by  
no means easy to avoid ! sn>e6 ,:5 we   
reflect on !  anxiety insep>ably        
att5dant ^u arrival 9 a c\ntry :]e e  ?+
 is new1 e ?+ /range1 & :]e1 9 case (   
disappo9tm5t1  all mu/ be mis]y2 x %\ld 
n surprize u to f9d s mu* dep5d5ce      
plac$ on ^? :o *e] ! novice1 by speak+  

to him 9 8 native  tongue4 ,b1 admitt+ !
 folly ( confid+ 9 any /rang]1 h[ is  ! 
case to be ameliorat$8 ,ignorant ( !    
language1 z well z ( !  cu/oms2 totally 
unacqua9t$ ) any s\l on ! spot2 & eag]  
to  obta9 a %elt] f ! oppressive heats2 
:at is ! poor adv5tur]  to d8 ,he _c    
rema9 9 ! boat6 ,he _c take root1 &     
vegetate1  at ! wat] side6 ,nor c he    
p]ambulate ! public roads1 until        
fatigue %all s9k him to ! du/1 or "s    
b5evol5t1 & inspir$  ,european may1 on  
p]ceiv+ 8 di/ress1 (f] him an asylum6   
,:at !n  is to be done8--,:y1 ! sirc>   
mu/ lead him to "s paltry tav]n1 9  :i* 
he ei!r is int]e/$1 or f ^: keep] he    
receives a  d\ceur = introduc+ ! gue/4  
,9 ! mean "t1 8 baggage1 )  ! exception 
( su* m9uti z may adh]e to ! f+]s ( !   
boat-m51 or ( ^? :o h ! h&l+ ( !m on    
%ore1 w  foll[1 & !re w be no want (    
att5tion to imm$iate  accommodation4    
,! tav]n-keep]1 "u ! plausible pretext (
 aid+ t[>ds !  completion ( ! y\?'s     
wi%es1 nev] fails to enquire :e!r !     

g5tleman has any fri5ds 9 t[n8 or ev5 9 
! c\ntry8 ,if  affirmatively answ]$1    
#8m9e ho/' feels himself tol]ably secure
 (  8 money3 b w probably ass]t1 t !    
fri5d 9 t[n is out (  ! way1 & w n be   
back = "s days3 %\ld ! g5tleman be      
totally de/itute ( fri5ds1 !n comes !   
ri* h>ve/4 ,imposition  foll[+          
imposition1 swell ! bill2 :i*1 if       
appe>ances w>rant  =be>ance1 is kept    
back z long z possible1 "u ! pleas+     
assurance ( p]fect confid5ce3 b1 9 !    
end1 a catalogue ( items  is produc$1   
:i* nev] fails to al>m1 if n to ru91 !  
unsuspect+ victim6    ,if1 unhappily1 ! 
gue/ %\ld s f> l[] himself z to         
associate  ) ! ord9>y company ( ! common
 dr9k+-room1 he is  irretrievably gone4 
,qu>rels1 riots1 & inebriety1 mu/ foll[2
 9 all  probability r5d]+ him subject to
 ! notice ( ! police4 ,%\ld  8 face ev] 
be se5 at t (fice1 x w\ld be next to    
impossible  t he %\ld be admitt$ into   
any respectable circle4 ,:at )  lodg+1  
d9n]s1 w9es1 c4 ( ! wor/ description1 b 

all rat$ at  ! highe/ prices1 he mu/ be 
a =tunate wight :o escapes "u a  gold   
mohur 7i4e4 two gu9eas7 p] day3 9 g5]al1
 d\ble t sum is  *>g$2 s t a p]son />ts 
at ! rate ( #ajjj4 p] annum1 at  lea/2  
:ile1 9 all probability no e/abli%$1 or 
ev5 app>5t1  provision exi/s1 :]eby he  
may be ma9ta9$4    ,if we add !         
allurem5ts held out by ! sable beauties1
 :o w  contrive means to retail _! *>ms 
s long z !y ?9k money is to  be _h1 we  
%all f9d no trifl+ exp5ce incurr$4 ,?is 
latt] "p (  ! c]emony is usually p]=m$  
by "s fell[ :o c speak ,engli%1  &      
?or\ghly und]/&s :atev] relates to !    
int]e/ ( !  conc]n2 :i*1 among o!r ?+s1 
includes ?iev+1 ly+1 *eat+1  pimp+1 c4  
,?is fir/ essay is ord9>ily made by     
describ+ !  elegance ( ! native wom51 & 
_! great p]fection z s+]s1 &  danc]s2 & 
r>ely fails1 especially ) y\?s "u su*   
circum/ances1 to excite some?+ m ?an    
curiosity4 ,!  danc+-girls are          
introduc$1 & consequ5ces foll[1 ov] :i* 
,i  %all draw ! veil2 simply obs]v+1 t  

no?+ c be m  dang]\s ?an ?is irregul>   
indulg5ce2 x nev] fail+1 fir/ to  dra9 !
 purse1 &1 9 a few days1 or weeks1 !    
con/itution also4    ,^? s]vants :o     
usually ply at ! :>fs1 & endeavor to    
obta9  employm5t1 ei!r among ! (fic]s ( 
%ips1 or among p]sons fre%  f ,europe1 =
 ! mo/ "p speak brok5 ,engli% )         
suffici5t  flu5cy3 ?is r5d]s !m         
p>ticul>ly s]viceable to bo? ^?         
classes1 by enabl+ !m to provide1 & to  
act1 :51 )\t su*  assi/ance1 !y w\ld be 
9 di/ress1 & at a /&4 ,x is a v  g5]al  
cu/om among ! ,mussulmans ( l[          
condition1 to give su* (  _! male *ildr5
 z are born dur+ _! ,l5t1 7or ,ramzaun17
 !  "n ( ,ramzauny3 mean+ #8born dur+ ! 
,ramzaun4' ,!re be+ s  _m ?us designat$1
 r5d]s ! "n extremely common2 &1 z an   
inf9ity ( rogu]ies h be5 practis$ by    
p]sons s call$1 x has  r got into       
disgrace4 ,h5ce1 ! adv5tur]s above      
describ$ are1 by  a slight1 b ludicr\s  
corruption1 t]m$ ,rum-,johnnies4    ,t a
 s]vant ?us enabl$ to act z ! m$ium (   

int]c\rse1 mu/  prove on _m occasions   
highly conv5i5t1 may be confess$2 b1 l a
  d\ble-edg$ sword1 he may op]ate ei!r  
way1 z to himself may appe>  exp$i5t2 & 
:ile pret5d+ to s]ve1 may be pillag+ 8  
employ]4  ,x is to be lam5t$1 t ! /rang]
 has no imm$iate res\rce2 &1  9 case (  
injury1 little r$ress4 ,! mis*ief is n  
ow+ to any  defici5cy 9 ! police1 b     
arises f t inv>iable precaution  ) :i*  
,rum-,johnnies c>ry on _! manuvres3 !y  
nev] fail to  h a ?ird p]son 9 ! way1 :o
 is to disappe> ) ! purlo9$  articles1 &
 to be> all ! blame2 :ile ! pr9cipal    
affects great  res5tm5t at ! villa9's   
audacity1 & sorr[ = ma/]'s loss4 ,?is   
is (t5 s dext]\sly manag$ z to occasion 
s]i\s qu>rels1 :5  fri5ds1 :o see ?r\gh 
! deception1 endeavor to conv9ce !      
infatuat$ p>ty1 t 8 confid5tial m5ial is
 at ! bottom ( !  rogu]y4 ,!            
disreputable circum/ance ( hav+ a ?ief  
at 8 elb[1  does n sit v easy on !      
/rang]'s m9d3 d]iv+ s mu*  conv5i5ce f  
,rum-,johnny's aid1 &1 hav+ only ! fair 

side (  ! knave's conduct 9 view1 he is 
unwill+ to give cr$it to :at  appe>s a  
gross misrepres5tation1 f\nd$ on        
prejudice4 ,by ?is means1  he s9ks deep]
 into ! mire1 & r5d]s x dang]\s = 8     
well-wi%] to attempt 8 extrication4     
,i recollect an in/ance ( a "y          
g5tleman's jo9+ a regim5t1 ab\t  a      
hundr$ miles up ! c\ntry1 :o _h among 8 
s]vants a  kh$mutg>1 7or                
table-att5dant17 ( :om ,i nev] c\ld get 
a sight4  ,! fell[ 0 always sick1 or    
busy2 or "s excuse 0 inv>iably made4    
,at l5g?1 "o ( my own dome/ics in=m$ me1
 t he 0 a  ,rum-,johnny :o _h be5       
dis*>g$ f my s]vice1 9 :i* he held  !   
(fice ( mosaul*y1 7or l9k-boy17 = !ft4  
,i f\nd out1 t  he _h be5 employ$ 9 !   
b>racks at ,=t-,william1 :]e he pick$ up
  a little ,engli%1 & _h fa/5$ ^u !     
g5tleman1 no d\bt ) !  int5tion to avail
 himself ( ! fir/ good prize :]e) to    
decamp4  ,f9d+1 to 8 great discomfiture1
 t ,i _h be5 remov$ to t  /ation1 :]e he
 f\nd me1 ! sc\ndrel kept alo(1 "u !    

hope (  c>ry+ 8 project into execution4 
,/range to say1 x 0 ) extreme           
difficulty ,i c\ld conv9ce my "y fri5d t
 he 0 ! dupe ( a  d[nright ?ief2 :o1 if 
,i _h n be5 improp]ly l5i5t1 w\ld h  _h 
! c]tificate ( 8 crime not$ on 8 back1  
by ! drumm]s (  ! regim5t6    ,to /ate !
 evil1 )\t po9t+ out ! rem$y1 w\ld be   
next to  useless3 b1 :5 ,i sugge/ !     
means ( avoid+ ^? difficulties1  or any 
portion ( !m1 att5dant on arrival 9 a   
=eign l&1 x mu/  be und]/ood1 t ,i      
consid] ! /rang] to be possess$ (       
pecuni>y  means3 t is1 t he c pay 8 way4
 ,)\t ?is1 he c d  no?+2 & mu/ und]go   
all ! afflictions & mis]ies att5dant  ^u
 despis$ pov]ty1 9 e "p ( ! globe4 ,x   
may be prop] to  po9t out 9 ?is place1 t
 :at might "h appe> to be lib]al        
calculations1 w n suit ! ,ea/2 :]e e    
article ( ,european  manufacture be>s s 
enorm\s a price1 :]e h\se-r5t is s      
exp5sive1  & :]e x is indisp5sably      
necess>y to reta9 s _m s]vants4 ,!  fir/
 ?+ to be done1 7sett+ a lett] (        

recomm5dation out ( !  "q17 %\ld be to  
report arrival at ! secret>y's (fice1   
deposit+ ! c]tificate ( ! ,c\rt (       
,directors' lic5ce to proce$  to ,india2
 )\t :i*1 ! p>ty is treat$ z an ali51 & 
sc>cely  consid]$ entitl$ to ,briti%    
protection4 ,?is does n arise f  ill-w  
on ! "p ( gov]nm5t1 or ( ! inhabitants2 
b f t  /rict att5tion ! politics ( !    
c\ntry imp]i\sly dem& to be  paid to !  
sev]al *>act]s1 & descriptions1 ( p]sons
 resid+  )9 our t]ritory4    ,! above   
relates equally to all p]sons 9 ! civil 
or milit>y  bran*es2 ! c]tificate grant$
 at ! ,india ,h\se mu/ be produc$1  9   
ord] to id5tify ! p>ty2 b if x %\ld h   
be5 lo/1 he  himself1 toge!r ) ! comm&] 
:o receiv$ ! ord] to take him  on bo>d1 
mu/ att5d1 to make affadavit to t       
effect1 be=e !  appo9tm5t c be admitt$  
^u ! regi/]s 9 ,india4    ,su* z app]ta9
 to ! civil s]vice1 be+ always /rongly  
recomm5d$ & (t5 f9d+ _m old acqua9tances
 ( _! families  on ! spot1 require b    
little advice2 nor does ! cadet /& mu* 9

  ne$ ( in/ruction1 z to ! mann] 9 :i*  
he %\ld provide himself  ) a home4 ,all 
he has to d is to wait ^u ! t[n-major1  
at 8  (fice 9 ,=t-,william1 :5 he w     
receive ! necess>y ord] = 8  admission  
into ! ,cadet ,corps1 at ,b>aset1 ab\t  
sixte5 miles f  ,calcutta4    ,he :o has
 n ^! advantages1 mu/ d ! be/ 8         
circum/ances may  af=d2 he w f9d        
temp]ance to be n only *eap1 b          
indisp5sable2  =1 if he %\ld act s      
indiscreetly at ! outset z to injure 8  
heal?1 a ?\s& privations1 & a c]ta9     
encrease ( difficulties1  mu/ foll[4 ,! 
fir/ po9t mu/ necess>ily be to get "u   
cov]4  ,?is w n be f\nd s easy1 z ^? :o 
h nev] quitt$ ,engl&  may suppose4 ,x w 
be aft] mu* rese>*1 t a small h\se w be 
_h1 & !n only ! b>e walls2 = no su* ?+  
is kn[n 9 ,india  z a furni%$ h\se to be
 let2 & lodg+s are1 if possible1 /ill  m
 out ( ! "q4 ,=tunately1 !re are1 among 
! ,european  %op-keep]s 9 ,calcutta1 "s 
mo/ respectable *>act]s2 m5  di/+ui%$ = 
_! urbanity1 philan?ropy1 & g5]osity4   

,application %\ld be in/antly made to "o
 ( ^! firms1 = aid1 &  advice4 ,! case  
%\ld be c&idly /at$2 &1 9 ord] to insure
  confid5ce1 a deposit ( money %\ld be  
made1 ei!r ) !m1 or at  "o ( ! ,banks4  
,! consequ5ces w be1 t1 9 a few h\rs1 "s
  small t5em5t w be obta9$1 ei!r on     
hire1 or grant$ z a  tempor>y           
accommodation1 & ! :ole ( ! articles    
really necess>y  w be provid$1 at "s "o 
or o!r ( ! auctions :i* daily take      
place )9 ! c5tral p>ts ( ! t[n4    ,!   
appo9tm5t ( prop] s]vants w be a matt] (
 importance2 b1  "u ! auspices ( any old
 resid5t1 by no means difficult2 su* w  
be n simply ! mo/ exp$iti\s1 b ! safe/1 
way ( proce$+2  s9ce ^? :o recomm5d w1 9
 all probability1 be expect$1  accord+  
to ! cu/om ( ! place1 to become sureties
 = ! hone/y  ( all p]sons hir$ ?r\gh _! 
means4 ,"o s]vant :o c speak  ,engli%1  
or at lea/1 an und]l+ sirc>1 deput$ f ! 
w>eh\se1  w prove a v agreeable res\rce1
 on all occasions ( difficulty2  b ,i _c
 too =cibly inculcate ! good policy1 or 

r !  absolute necessity1 ( imm$iately   
/udy+ ! language3 till t is  acquir$1 to
 su* an ext5t z may remove ! necessity =
 an  int]pret] on ord9>y occasions1 no  
p]son c be deem$ indep5d5t2  f> less1   
capable ( act+ 9 any civil1 milit>y1 or 
comm]cial  capacity1 ) effect4          
,/range to say ,i h kn[n g5tlem5 to be  
resid5t f t51 to  ?irty1 ye>s 9 ,india1 
)\t be+ able to summon resolution to    
acquire suffici5t ( ! ,h9dui language   
ev5 to take _! acc\nts6  ,) su* ! sirc> 
0 e ?+4 ,! consequ5ces 71  inv>iably1 t 
he 0 ri*1 & ma/] ev] 9 di/ress6    ,)\t 
pret5d+ to make a v accurate e/imate1 ,i
 %all attempt to  give an outl9e ( ^?   
exp5ces to :i* e p]son keep+ h\se1  ?\gh
 9 ! mo/ retir$ mann]1 & on ! mo/       
economical plan1 mu/  be subject$4 ,9   
do+ ?is1 ,i consid] ! in/ructions giv5 =
 !  outfit to h be5 duly att5d$ to2 &1 t
 we>+ app>el1 plate1  b$d+1 blankets1   
%eets1 & pill[ cases1 h be5 provid$4 ,if
 !y  h n1 ! :ole ( ^? articles may be   
rat$ at f fifty to a  hundr$ p] c5t4 m  

?an !y w\ld co/ 9 ,engl&4 ,! foll[+     
brief catalogue w be f\nd to conta9 only
 ^? conv5i5ces :i*  are indisp5sable4   
,rupees4     ,"o doz5 ( *airs2 say at   
f\r rupees ea*                       #dh
     ,"o d9+ table = six1 say           
#be     ,two tepoys 7tripods7 #c ea*    
#g     ,"o writ+-table1 ) draw]s        
#be     ,"o b$/ead ( #f feet #d 94 by #d
 feet #f 94                       #cj   
,curta9s to ditto2 ^? = ! ext]ior ( *9tz
                #bj     ,inside ditto1 (
 gauze1 to keep out musquitoes          
#aj     ,bookcase ^u *e/ ( draw]s       
#ajj     ,*9a & glass-w>e1 say          
#ajj     ,%ades to put ov] c&les1 "o    
pair1 say                          #dj  
7,^? ) wood5 p$e/als to be pref]r$47    
,a *illum*ee 7or metal bason7 = wa%+    
h&s1 ) its         #be      tripod1 c4  
,a palanqu9 & b$d+                      
#ajj     ,table clo?s & t[els           
#ej     ,"o l>ge1 & "o small1 satr+e    
7cotton c>pet7 #be & #aj       #ce      
,v>i\s cul9>y articles1 say             

#dj     ,a v>iety ( small articles 9    
cutl]y1 c4 say                    #de   
------                                  
,mak+ 9 all1 on a r\gh e/imate      #gjj
                                        
------    ,9 ?is ,i h n includ$ a horse1
 because x is n e body :o  keeps "o1 nor
 is x p]emptorily ne$ful2 b1 bo? z a    
conv5i5ce1  & z t5d+ to heal?1 ,i       
recomm5d t a *eap1 safe1 & quiet  poney 
be provid$3 numb]s are sold e week1 at  
all prices2 b ,i  %\ld ?9k t1 includ+ ! 
saddle & bridle1 f #bej to #cjj  rupees1
 w\ld be go+ f> en\gh3 say ! :ole exp5ce
 %\ld be #ajjj  sicca rupees1 or #abe2  
:i* w1 ,i appreh5d1 be z little z any   
p]son c exp5d1 s z to be ei!r cr$itable 
or com=table4 ,!  necess>y /ock ( w9es1 
spirits1 wax-c&les1 sauces1 sug>-c&y1   
tea1 c(fee1 salt-petre1 & a numb] (     
less] items1 w\ld require  full #fjj    
rupees m2 "u ! supposition t a ye>'s    
/ock 7  laid 94 ,at t rate we may       
compute #bjj4 to be necess>y to e/abli% 
a g5tleman at 8 resid5ce1 suppos+ x to  

be fix$4 ,travell+ makes  q ano!r       
conc]n1 & w be f\nd to encrease !       
disbursem5ts  consid]ably4    ,a        
comp>ison ) ! prices ( ^? articles we1 9
 ,europe1 consid]  to be requisite = !  
furniture ( two or ?ree rooms1 w %ew t  
,calcutta is by no means a fav\rable    
m>ket = ! pur*ase1 ei!r (  furniture1 or
 ( w9es1 cattle1 c42 & %\ld at once     
satisfy e  free-m>9]1 free-m]*ant1 c4   
proce$+ to ,india on speculation1  t he 
mu/ be provid$ ) at lea/ six hundr$     
p\nds to answ] !  dem&s ( 8 outset1     
includ+ h\se r5t1 :i* _c well be tak5   
at less ?an #aej4 p] annum2 8 s]vants w 
am\nt to ab\t z mu*  m2 & 8 table       
exp5ces1 pocket-money1 c41 on ! mo/     
mod]ate  scale1 w dem& "o hundr$1 aft]  
lay+ 9 8 /ock ( w9es1 tea1  c4 ,s t1 9  
all1 we may ?9k he does v well on !     
#fjj4 ,if1  inde$1 he %\ld be s =tunate 
z to make num]\s respectable            
acqua9tances1 at ^: tables he may       
frequ5tly become a gue/1 a  consid]able 
portion ( ! exp5ces1 /at$ at #ajj4 may1 

p]haps1 be  retr5*$2 b su* good =tune   
does n happ5 to all2 &1 :5 x  does1     
r>ely comes at once2 x requires "s "t to
 ga9 t foot+  :i* may relieve ! pressure
 ( table *>ges2 & :5 t foot+  has be5   
ga9$1 x may n be att5d$ ) m ?an common  
civility1  )\t ! smalle/ prospect ( be+ 
s]v$4    ,i say ?us mu* ) ! view to     
correct an op9ion kn[n to prevail1  t x 
is easy to get into society 9 ,india2 & 
t !n a g5tleman  may put 8 h&s 9 8      
pockets1 :ile 8 fri5ds =w>d him rapidly4
  ,su*1 assur$ly1 0 ! case 9 days (     
yore2 b1 )9 ! la/  tw5ty ye>s1 !re h be5
 s _m retr5*m5ts 9 all ! public  (fices1
 s _m "y m5 h gone to ,india ) ! hope ( 
be+  engag$ 9 m]*ants' h\ses1 & s _m h  
fail$ 9 ^?  prospects1 t ,i %\ld omit a 
v important bran* ( t duty ,i  h impos$ 
on myself1 9 (f]+ my advice to ^? :o are
 ab\t to  proce$ to ,india1 7 ,i to     
enc\rage ! idea ( su* suppos$           
facilities be+ realiz$4 ,x %\ld nev] be 
=gott51 t all  p]sons :o are ignorant ( 
! language spok5 9 common1 namely1 !    

,h9dui1 7vulg>ly call$ ! ,moors'17 are  
incompet5t to any duty1  beyond :at may 
relate to mak+ out copies (             
acc\nts-curr5t1 &  regi/]+              
correspond5ce3 ev5 ^! dem& "s local k1  
to  be p]=m$ ) correctness4 ,?is        
consid]ation w lead to !  conviction1 t 
full "o ye> mu/ be provid$ = be=e any   
employm5t1 on :i* dep5dance c be plac$ =
 a livelihood1 &  af=d+ ! prospect (    
future rise1 %\ld be expect$4    ,( su* 
importance does ?is appe>1 t1 7 ,i to   
advice any "y  fri5d1 ab\t to proce$ to 
,india1 z to ! mann] 9 :i* he %\ld  pass
 8 fir/ ye>1 x w\ld be ne>ly 9 ! foll[+ 
t]ms3 #8,rise at  daybreak1 & ride g5tly
 = "o h\r 9 ! hot season1 & two h\rs  9 
! cold season2 make a mod]ate breakfa/1 
avoid+ melt$ butt]1  salt meats1 salt   
fi%1 sweetmeats1 c41 good tea or c(fee  
be+  assur$ly ! mo/ :olesome2 /udy !    
language = an h\r2 att5d  "s (fice      
gratuit\sly1 ) ! view to become acqua9t$
 ) !  acc\nts1 price-curr5ts1 m>kets1   
provisions1 commodities1 c42 ab\t  two  

o'clock retire to re/2 ab\t an h\r be=e 
sun-set ba!1 by means  ( ?ree or f\r    
l>ge pots ( wat] p\r$ ov] ! head2 put on
 clean  l951 & d9e mod]ately ^u pla9    
vi&s1 tak+ c>e nev] to  exce$ f\r or    
five glasses ( ! be/ ,madeira2 proce$ = 
two h\rs  ) /udy+ ! language1 &1 aft]   
tak+ a cup or two ( tea1 or (  c(fee1 or
 a cru/ ( bread & a glass ( ,madeira1 g 
to b$1 avoid+  to sleep 9 a /rong curr5t
 ( air4'    ,possibly1 x may be urg$1 t 
a p]son int5t on le>n+ ! ,h9dui1  s z to
 be compet5t to transact bus9ess 9 !    
c\rse ( twelve  mon?s1 w\ld n atta9 t   
object by ?ree h\rs only ( daily        
assiduity4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 completely     
satisfi$1 t su* a portion (  "t1        
appropriat$ "u ! guidance ( an          
intellig5t l+ui/1 may  enable ! /ud5t to
 make a wond]ful progress2 especially :5
  comb9$ ) ! resolution to ent] z mu* z 
possible into famili>  colloquy 9 t     
language4    ,an old fri5d1 long s9ce   
gone to #8k+dom come1' began ! /udy (   
,p]sian at r an advanc$ age2 :i* caus$  

_m to rally him on !  new turn he _h    
tak54 ,he1 h[ev]1 p]sev]$1 &1 9 ! c\rse 
(  two ye>s1 made himself m ?an commonly
 pr(ici5t4 ,! explanation  he gave1     
reg>d+ ! plan he _h laid d[n1 0 su* z   
conv9c$ me1  t any p]son1 ) a tol]able  
memory1 may1 9 a mod]ate "t1  acquire   
any regul> language4 ,8 mode 01 = ! fir/
 mon? nev] to  retire to b$ until he _h 
le>n$ tw5ty words p]fectly by he>t1 s  z
 to expla9 !m ) promptitude1 h[ev]      
cate*iz$3 aft] t  fir/ mon?1 he 0 ma/] (
 no less ?an six hundr$ words4 ,dur+ !  
next mon?1 f9d+ t =m] acquirem5ts       
greatly facilitat$ 8  progress1 he made 
a po9t ( ga9+ tw5ty-five words daily2   
!re=e  t mon? gave him sev5 hundr$ &    
fifty words2 :i*1 add$ to !  six hundr$ 
( ! prec$+1 made a total ( ?irte5 hundr$
 &  fifty4    ,9 ?is way he add$ five   
words e mon?1 until he f\nd1 t1 by  aid 
( d]ivations & comp\nds1 he 0 well      
gr\nd$ 9 ! language4  ,8 computation 01 
t1 z few languages conta9 m ?an =ty     
?\s& words 9 common use1 :5 ev] he %\ld 

be able to le>n fifty  words daily1 he  
might1 to use 8 own t]ms1 #8make !      
language fall  be=e him 9 two ye>s4'    
,?is is an ari?metical demon/ration ( ! 
p[]s annex$ to  p]sev]+ regul>ity1 &    
ought to induce e y\?1 = t is !  season 
= acquirem5ts1 to adopt su* a sy/em z   
%\ld insure !  great object 9 view4 ,s  
/eady a mode ( c>ry+ on a pursuit1 _c1  
h[ev]1 be expect$ 9 "y folks1 _m ( :om h
 j escap$ f  ! trammels ( p>5tal        
vigilance2 & :o1 hav+ pass$ s _m ye>s   
at _! /udies1 r>ely feel mu* disposition
 to prolong academic  labors2 :ile1 at !
 same "t1 ! pleasures ( society are op5 
to  _! p>ticipation4 ,/ill1 ,i feel a   
hope t ?is volume may prove             
intr9sically b5eficial to a l>ge        
portion1 by po9t+ out ! means  :]eby    
pref]m5t may be obta9$1 & by %ew+ ) :at 
facility  ! f\ndation may be laid = a   
mo/ sup]b sup]/ructure4    ,! numb] (   
s]vants1 & ! am\nt ( _! wages1 =m+ s    
conspicu\s an item 9 dome/ic economy1 _c
 fail to attract !  att5tion1 n only (  

p]sons proce$+ to ,india1 b ( _!  p>5ts1
 & fri5ds1 :o (t5 express mu* surprize  
at ! app>5t  extravagance ( ! "y        
debutants 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,su* notions  
( improp] indulg5ce 9 ret9ue1 ?\gh      
p]fectly natural1 z  result+ f long     
habits1 & ! little necessity felt among 
u 9  ,europe1 = keep+ _m s]vants1 ev5 9 
l>ge families1 by no means  f9d a       
sanction :5 transplant$ beyond ! n>r[   
limits ( our own  isl&4 ,9 _m p>ts (    
,europe1 cu/om has r5d]$ p]man5t v>i\s  
practices :i*1 no d\bt1 _h _! orig9 9 ! 
pure/ motives1 &  did n1 9 ! fir/       
in/ance1 appe> likely to s]ve z ! basis 
(  future excesses & encroa*m5ts4       
,?us we f9d t1 9 ,spa91 no old s]vant is
 ev] dis*>g$ by any  p]son ( rank2 9 su*
 families ! dome/ics ( deceas$ p>5ts are
  inv>iably reta9$4 ,! obvi\s consequ5ce
 is1 t a "y man1 on  com+ to 8 title1   
(t5 f9ds himself bur!n$ ) "s scores (  !
 ag$1 & ( ! idle2 to dis*>ge any ( :i*  
w\ld be n only  disgraceful1 b deem$    
illegal2 !y be+ consid]$ z heirlooms1 by

  ! rejection ( :i*1 ! re/ ( !          
inh]itance w\ld be virtually  =feit$4   
,"h we see an excell5t1 & m]itori\s act1
 conv]t$ into  a nuisance1 t proves     
highly injuri\s1 bo? to ! int]e/s ( !   
successor1 & to ! morals ( ! p5sion]s4  
,b :o %all lead !  way to break ?r\gh s 
=midable a phalanx6    ,! multiplicity (
 m5ials employ$ 9 ! h\ses ( ,european   
g5tlem5  9 ,b5gal1 results f a cause v  
diff]5t f t above  describ$3 x is f\nd$ 
on ! t5ets ( religion1 especially among 
!  ,h9dus2 & is by no means likely to be
 abrogat$ )9 our "t4 ,:at  may be       
effect$ by a relaxation ( _! pres5t     
rigid pr9ciples1 &  by ! fur!r ext5tion 
( our cu/oms1 _c be =etold4 ,our        
situation has ev] be5 critical2 n[ is m 
s ?an ev]2 & we may  be depriv$ ( !     
opportunity ( judg+ :at w\ld h result$ f
  ! sil5t op]ations ( succe$+ ages1 by  
"s sudd5 bur/ (  revolt1 occasion$ by ! 
intrigues ( petty rajahs )9 our own     
t]ritory2 fom5t$ by ! animosity ( !     
native p[]s on our  fronti]1 & by !     

intrigues ( ,fr5* emiss>ies4    ,x be+  
my int5tion to treat sep>ately ( !      
religi\s t5ets1 &  in/itutions1 bo? ( ! 
,mussulmans & ( ! ,h9dus1 little ne$ be 
said 9 ?is place1 fur!r ?an1 t1 ow+ to !
 division ( !  latt] into sects1 call$  
by u ca/s1 :i* r5d] ! occupations (  all
 p]fectly di/9ct1 a necessity exi/s =   
hir+ su* ( ea*  ca/ z may att5d to ^?   
duties !y und]take1 )\t becom+  subject$
 to ! animadv]sions ( _! prie/hood1 or  
to ^?  p5alties att5dant ^u ev5 ! mo/   
trifl+ deviation f !  m>k$ pa?4 ,add to 
?is1 t ! climate arbitr>ily imposes !   
necessity = reta9+ "s classes ( s]vants1
 unkn[n 9 ,engl&2  or1 at lea/1 suppos$ 
to be exclusively atta*$ to ! conv5i5ce 
(  ladies1 & ( sick p]sons4 ,:5 all     
matt]s are consid]$1 x w be  f\nd1 t t  
ho/ ( dome/ics app]ta9+ to ! e/abli%m5t 
(  a g5tleman 9 ,b5gal1 proves1 9 !     
aggregate1 little1 if at all1 m         
exp5sive ?an ! ord9>y numb] reta9$ by   
families (  respectability 9 mo/ p>ts ( 
,engl&4 ,:at ) wages1 liv]ies1  lodg+1  

bo>d1 wa%+1 wa/e1 neglig5ce1 &1 ,i am   
sorry to say1  pilf]+1 we %all f9d ! "o 
man s]vant1 & ! two maids1 fully a      
mat*1 9 po9t ( exp5ce1 ) ! :ole body (  
^? 9 ! pay (  "o ( our c\ntrym5 abroad4 
,a g5tleman 9 ?is c\ntry nev] c guess at
 ! ultimate ( 8  disbursem5ts1 :]e 8    
dome/ics are conc]n$ ei!r 9 !           
appropriation1 or 9 ! exp5diture3 9     
,b5gal1 c4 ! utt]mo/  f>?+ is kn[n2 ea* 
s]vant receiv+ a c]ta9 sum mon?ly1 9    
consid]ation ( :i* he is 9 att5dance    
dur+ ! :ole day1 f9ds  8 own cloa?s1    
provides 8 own victuals1 & pays = :atev]
 cab9  he may build or occupy4 ,z to    
purlo9+ victuals1 !re is little  dang]2 
=1 ) ! exception ( "s ( ! l[] ca/s1 :i* 
are  held 9 a /ate ( utt] abom9ation1 no
 native ( ,india1 by :i* ,i  mean ei!r  
,mussulman or ,h9du1 w s mu* z t\* ^?   
vi&s :i*  an ,european has p>tak53 or   
:i* h be5 s]v$ up to 8 table4    ,9 ?is 
,i mu/ be und]/ood to speak g5]ally1 &  
)\t any  ref]5ce to ^? few deviations t 
h at times be5 discov]$2  be+ s5sible1 t

 "s in/ances c\ld be adduc$ ( s]vants1  
p>ticul>ly ,mahom$ans1 hav+ s f>        
trespass$ aga9/ ! doctr9es  ( _!        
religion1 z absolutely to eat ( ham1 &  
o!r vi&s1 9  secret4 ,su* anomalies mu/ 
be ab/ract$ f my ma9 position2 :i*  is  
well kn[n1 by all :o h resid$ 9 ,india1 
to be p]fectly  correct4    ,s /rict are
 all ! ca/s1 h[ev] mu* ! "o may be bel[ 
!  o!r 9 a religi\s po9t ( view1 reg>d+ 
! pres]vation ( t  conspicu\s di/9ction 
laid d[n by _! sacr$ code1 t1  not)/&+  
!y may wor%ip ! same deities1 "u ! same 
=ms1  & ) ! same c]emonies1 yet w !y n  
all[ ( p>ticipation  at meals2 nor ev5 (
 contact1 at su* mom5ts4 ,! /rang] w1 no
  d\bt1 be greatly surpriz$ on 8        
arrival1 to see dur+ ! ev5+s1  ab\t     
sun-set1 ea* individual1 or1 p]haps1 "h 
& !re1 two or  ?ree1 if ( ! same ca/1   
squatt+ on ! b>e gr\nd1 )9 a  small     
space levell$ = ! purpose1 ( :i* !      
limits are m>k$ out  by ! l9e ( du/1 or 
rubbi%1 mov$ f ! c5tre t[>ds !  ext]ior4
 ,9 su* an area1 ea* man1 or woman1     

cooks & aft]w>ds  eats1 ! pr9cipal meal 
( ! day4 ,9 fair wea!r1 ^! areas are    
made "u ! canopy ( heav52 b dur+ ! ra9y 
season1 &  p]haps 9 w9t] "t1 !y are made
 )9 ! huts ( ! p]sons  respectively4    
,s extremely scrupul\s are ! natives1 9 
respect to ! prep>ation  ( _! victuals1 
& to _! consumption1 t1 if any p]son n (
  ! v same ca/1 ) ! res]vation ( !      
brahmans1 or prie/s1  7 to t\* _!       
bodies1 or _! cloa?s1 or any "o article 
)9  ! area1 or ev5 ! surface ( ! area   
itself1 ! :ole meal1  toge!r ) any e>!n 
w>e1 /&+ )9 ! circumvallation1 7if  x   
may be s call$17 w\ld be in/antly ?r[n  
away1 z be+ pollut$4  ,nay1 :atev]      
portion might be 9 ! m\?1 mu/ be eject$2
 & !  p>ty be oblig$ to p]=m an         
ablution1 be=e he c\ld attempt to       
resume 8 cul9>y labors1 or to jo9 9     
society ) 8 compe]s4 ,nor  w ei!r a     
,mussulman1 or a ,h9du1 dr9k wat] out ( 
any vessel  t\*$1 :ile 9 a /ate (       
repletion1 by a p]son ( inf]ior ca/1 or 
by an ,european4 ,e>!n w>e ( e k9d1 ?\gh

 new1 or empty1  becomes defil$ by su*  
contact1 s z to be utt]ly useless to !  
proprietor4    ,kn[+ su* to be ! case1 x
 mu/ be bo? cruel1 & impolitic1 to      
trespass on a prejudice 9 itself        
p]fectly innoc5t1 & by no means  int]f]+
 ) ! rights1 or ! conv5i5ce1 ( o!rs4 ,x 
is true1  ! pati5t ,h9du1 ev5 :ile      
suff]+ "u ^? privations att5dant  ^u !  
de/ruction1 or at lea/ !                
disqualification1 ( 8 meal1  w r>ely    
proce$ to extremity aga9/ any ,european1
 :o may occasion  su* an inconv5i5ce &  
loss3 because1 "u a supposition ( !     
trespass]'s ignorance1 he1 9 8 m9d1 f9ds
 an excuse =1 &  p>dons1 :at he mildly  
t]ms #8! accid5t4' ,b1 %\ld any native  
(f5d 9 a simil> mann]1 a w> ( words w\ld
 exhibit ! irritation  ( ! ,h9du's m9d6 
,nor w\ld he be passive 7 "o ( 8        
c\ntrym5  to /ep ov] him :ile asleep2 t 
be+ consid]$ n only  indelicate1 b      
productive ( s]i\s mis*iefs2 induc+ !   
visitations ( evil spirits1 !reby caus+ 
disease1 &1 at no v  remote p]iod1 dea?4

 ,?is /range infatuation mu/ appe>      
p]fectly  ridicul\s 9 any civiliz$ be+1 
b especially among a race ( p  :o are1  
"o & all1 pr$e/9>ians4 ,! ,european %\ld
 be c>eful  n to /ride ov] any ( 8      
dome/ics :o may occasionally lay d[n 9  
! v]&a1 c4 ( 8 h\se3 su* an act on ! "p 
( an unbeliev]1  7apply+ ! t]m to       
ourselves17 be+ consid]$ d\bly lad5 )   
mis*ief4    ,! s]vants1 :e!r (          
,europeans1 or ( natives ( consequ5ce1  
are  divid$ into two classes4 ,! fir/   
class1 :i* is kn[n by !  designation (  
nok]on1 7plural ( nok]17 includes su* z1
 ei!r  f ! important1 or confid5tial1   
(fices !y hold1 are1 9 g5]al  e/imation1
 judg$ exempt f all m5ial duties4 ,!y   
are z foll[4      ,! ,banian1 or money  
ag5t4    ,! ,d>ogah1 or ,goma/ah1 or    
factor1 or sup]9t5dant4    ,! ,moon%y1  
or l+ui/4    ,! ,jemmad>1 or *ief ( !   
ret9ue4    ,! ,*obe-d>1 or silv]-pole   
be>]4    ,! ,soontah-burd>1 or          
silv]-baton be>]4    ,! ,kansamah1 or   
*ief table-att5dant4    ,! ,sirc>1 or   

imm$iate ag5t = receipts & paym5ts1 &   
ca%      keep]4    ,! ,cranny1 or cl]k1 
or writ] 9 ! (fice4    ,! second class  
comprises ! ,*auk]on1 7plural ( ,*auk]74
      ,! ,kh$mutg>1 or table-att5dant4  
,! ,mosaul*y1 or flambeau be>]4    ,!   
,hookah-burd>1 or prep>] ( ! hookah1    
7pipe74    ,! ,bhee/y1 or wat] c>ri]4   
,! ,baba*y1 or cook4    ,! ,durzy1 or   
tailor4    ,! ,doby1 or wa%]man4    ,!  
,mohote or ,moh\t1 or elephant driv]1 :o
 has always "o or      m ,coolies1 call$
 mates1 to assi/4    ,! ,surwan1 or     
camel driv]4    ,! ,syce1 or groom4     
,! ,gaus-kot1 or grass cutt]1 dep5dant  
on ! =m]4    ,! ,*aubuck-assw>1 or horse
 break]4    ,! ,mauly1 or g>d5]4    ,!  
,aub-d>1 or wat] cool]4    ,!           
,compadore1 or purveyor1 "u ! kansamah4 
,! ,hirk>ah1 or mess5g]4    ,! ,piada1  
7or ,peon17 ne>ly ! same z ! hirk>ah4   
,! ,hajaam1 or ,nye1 or ,nappy1 i4e4    
b>b]4    ,! ,duftoree1 or (fice-keep]4  
,! ,frau%1 or furniture keep]4    ,!    
,mat]1 or sweep]2 a female = ! same     

duties be+ t]m$      matranny4    ,!    
,dooreah1 or dog keep]4    ,! ,kala%y1  
or camp-equipage keep]4    ,! ,b]ri>ah1 
or %eph]d4    ,! ,*okeyd>1 or wat*man4  
,! ,durwan1 or gate-keep]1 or port]4    
,! ,cah>1 or palanqu9 be>]4    ,!       
,coa*man1 or po/ilion4    ,! ,ayah1 a   
female att5dant 9 *>ge ( *ildr54    ,!  
,dhye1 a ditto att5dant on a lady4      
,su* is ! sup]iority claim$ by ! nok]s1 
t1 to ask "o (  !m #8^: *auk] he is8'   
w\ld be consid]$ a gross insult3 !      
inf]ior class are1 on ! o!r h&1 v ready 
to assume ! =m]  designation2 hold+ x to
 be f> m respectable 9 ! eyes ( _!      
c\ntrym52 :o compreh5d1 & value1 t      
di/9ction1 :i*1 among  ,europeans1 is   
little att5d$ to2 f> ! great] portion   
be+1 inde$1  absolutely ignorant ( any  
reput$ diff]5ce4    ,! ,banians be+1 )\t
 d\bt1 ! fir/ 9 =tune1 z well z 9  rank1
 claim priority ( description4 ,^! are1 
inv>iably1 ,h9dus1  possess+ 9 g5]al v  
l>ge prop]ty1 ) mo/ ext5sive cr$it1  &  
influ5ce4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case1 t       

,calcutta 01 "s tw5ty  ye>s ago1        
absolutely "u ! control ( ab\t tw5ty or 
?irty  banians1 :o manag$ e conc]n1 9   
:i* !y c\ld f9d means to  make a pr(it4 
,x is inconceivable :at prop]ty 0 9 _!  
h&s2  !y 7 ! o/5sible ag5ts 9 e l9e (   
bus9ess1 plac+ _!  dep5dants 9 ! sev]al 
dep>tm5ts ov] :i* !mselves _h obta9$    
dom9ion4 ,0 a contract to be made )     
gov]nm5t1 by any g5tleman  n 9 !        
,company's s]vice2 ^! became !          
securities1 "u !  condition ( receiv+ a 
c5tage1 & ( appo9t+ _! fri5ds to  su*   
duties z might control ! pr9cipal1 &    
save !mselves f  loss4 ,:5 a p]son 9 !  
s]vice ( ! ,company1 0 desir\s (  d]iv+ 
b5efit f "s contract1 9 ! disposal ( :i*
 he _h a  vote1 & :i*1 consequ5tly1 he  
c\ld n obta9 9 8 own "n2  !n1 ! banian  
became ! pr9cipal1 & ! donor ei!r       
receiv$ a  %>e1 or d]iv$ advantage f    
loans1 c4 answ]+ 8 purpose  equally     
well4 ,! same p]son frequ5tly 0 banian  
to sev]al  ,european g5tlem52 all ( ^:  
conc]ns 71 ( c\rse1 accurately  kn[n to 

him1 & ?us became ! subject (           
conv]sation at ^?  meet+s ! banians (   
,calcutta inv>iably held1 & d yet hold1 
aft] ! active bus9ess ( ! day has be5   
adju/$4    ,x _c1 h[ev]1 be d5i$1 t _m  
speculations h be5 c>ri$  on by ! aid ( 
banians1 :i*1 b = ! /r5g? ( _!          
res\rces1 c\ld nev] h be5 attempt$4 ,we 
owe our pres5t ext5d$  trade 9 ! fabrics
 ( ,dacca1 c4 9 ! sug> ( ! we/]n &      
nor!rn di/ricts1 9 indigo ?r\gh\t !     
c\ntry1 & num]\s o!r  bran*es ( comm]ce1
 to ! support giv5 by ?is class to su*  
g5tlem5 z appe>$ to !m likely to succe$4
 ,x has ev] be5 a  maxim among !m1 nev] 
to back an un=tunate man2 _! op9ion be+1
  t mis=tunes 9 trade ord9>ily arise f  
want ( managem5t3 if  _! own prosp]ity  
may be adduc$ 9 support ( t s5tim5t1 x  
w be f\nd /rongly to exhibit _! policy (
 comb9+ ) ^?  :o h n1 on any occasion1  
emb>k$ on a rott5 bottom4    ,a banian  
inv>iably rides 9 8 palanqu91 att5d$ by 
sev]al  und]l+ sirc>s1 hirk>ahs1 c4 ,he1
 to a c]ta9 degree1 rules !  (fice1     

ent]+ x g5]ally ) little c]emony1 mak+ a
 slight  obeisance1 & nev] dive/+       
himself ( 8 slipp]s3 a privilege  :i*1 9
 ! eyes ( ! natives1 at once places him 
on a foot+ (  equality ) 8 employ]4 ,"u 
su* a sy/em1 x has be5 easy =  ! tribe (
 banians to effect ! ru9 ( any          
individual2 :ile x  0 impossible = any  
man 9 di/ress to conceal 8 circum/ances1
 s  z to obta9 a loan1 or to ext5d 8    
cr$it3 h5ce1 ! c\rts ( law  7 full (    
causes 9 :i* banians 7 pla9tiffs4 ,(    
late ye>s1  ! case has alt]$ greatly2 =1
 if we except a few l>ge conc]ns1  su* z
 bank+-h\ses1 & ! pr9cipal m]*ants1 :o1 
hav+  valuable c>goes on h&1 are ea* "u 
! necessity ( reta9+ "o  ( ?is jew-l    
gang1 = ! purpose ( obta9+ ca% to make  
up  paym5ts1 or to advance = inve/m5ts1 
banians are become obsolete4    ,9 =m]  
times1 !re 0 little alt]native h[ money 
%\ld be  secur$1 except on mortgage1 or 
9 ! ,company's treasury2 :]eas1 few  n[ 
?9k ( l5d+ money at less ?an #ab p]     
c5t41 :i* is ! legal  int]e/2 &1 z !    

,company d n receive loans at t rate1   
except  :5 press$ by exig5cy &1 t !     
great ag5cy-h\ses cont9ue to  make su*  
an imm5se pr(it z enables !m to pay s   
high = money  accommodation2 ! float+   
prop]ty belong+ to individuals1 )       
little exception1 falls into _! h&s3    
consequ5tly1 !re is little  occasion =  
banians2 ! pr9cipal rema9s ( ^: ext5sive
  influ5ce are to be se5 9 ! above      
conc]ns1 & 9 ! managem5t (  elephant1   
bullock1 or o!r contracts2 :i* !y (t5   
buy ( !  contractor1 ei!r = a specific  
sum paid d[n1 or by all[+ him an  annual
 cont+5t2 s z to exempt him f !         
responsibility1 z well  z f ! managem5t1
 altoge!r4    ,i %all only add1 t ?is   
description ( p]sons may be class$ )  ! 
sup]ior deba%es ( ! ,c>natic2 & t1      
al?\gh !re  c]ta9ly h be5 f\nd "s       
individuals :o might fairly claim       
exemption f ! accusation1 yet1 t1       
g5]ally speak+1 !  pres5t banians1 :o   
atta* !mselves to ! capta9s ( ,european 
%ips1 may1 )\t ! lea/ haz>d (           

controv]sion1 be consid]$ z  no?+ m or  
less ?an ,rum-,johnnies #8( a l>g]      
gr[?4' ,"s (  ^! g5try usurp !          
designation ( dewan1 :i* %\ld imply an  
ext5sive delegat$ p[]2 t (fice1 "u !    
emp]ors ( ,h9du/an1  & ev5 n[ 9 ! c\rts 
( ,luckn[1 ,hydrabad1 e4 be+            
confid5tial1  & nev] be/[$ b on p]sons 9
 high favor4    ,! ,d>ogah1 or ,goma/ah1
 or factor1 or sup]9t5dant is an (fice  
r>ely held "u ,europeans1 ?\gh extremely
 common 9 ! s]vices (  native pr9ces1 & 
( m5 ( opul5ce4 ,"s ( our m]*ants appo9t
  p]sons to att5d to _! conc]ns 9 remote
 p>ts2 su* z !  timb]-deal]s 9 !        
,morungs2 ! iron-smelt]s ( v>i\s p>ts2 !
  contractors = elephants1 camels1      
bullocks1 horses1 c4 h also _!  ag5ts at
 ! v>i\s /ations4 ,9 g5]al1 ^! are      
common sirc>s1  :o assume ! title (     
d>ogah by way ( pre-em95ce1 )\t any     
au?ority f1 & (t5 )\t ! k (1 _!         
employ]s4 ,!  latt]1 h[ev]1 are r>ely   
av]se to su* an assumption2 :i*1 :ile  x
 tickles _! vanity1 co/s n a f>?+4 ,!   

d>ogahs1 or1 ,i may  r say1 ! sirc>s1   
frequ5tly call !mselves naibs1 or       
deputies3 ?is %\ld seem a m mode/ t]m2  
b1 among ! natives1  is consid]$ at lea/
 z consequ5tial z ! =m]2 especially :5  
! pr9cipal nev] eclipses ! self-creat$  
dignit>y1 by p]sonal  att5dance to 8 own
 affairs 9 t qu>t]4 ,_m ( ?is class are 
consid]$ z approa*+ to m5ials4    ,!    
,moon%y1 or l+ui/1 is ord9>ily a tea*] (
 "s language1  p>ticul>ly ! ,p]sian &   
,h9dui3 ?\gh numb]s are employ$ only z  
int]pret]s1 or z scribes4 ,le>n+ is _!  
sole pursuit2 & s f>  z t c rea* 9 a    
c\ntry :]e b little is und]/ood (       
philosophy & ma!matics1 "s ( !m d       
assur$ly advance !mselves  consid]ably4 
,b1 speak+ ( !m 9 g5]al1 x w be f\nd1 t 
a  few volumes ( tales1 ! lives ( ^?    
great m5 :o h ei!r  invad$1 or rul$1 !  
empire1 "s moral tracts1 & ! ,koran1 7= 
moon%ies are ,mussulmans7 con/itute !   
acquirem5ts ( ?is v  haughty class (    
s]vants4 ,a moon%y is nev] s well       
pleas$1 z :5  ! paym5t ( ! dome/ic      

e/abli%m5t is confid$ to 8 *>ge4  ,"h he
 is sure to t\* ! p5ny1 & to create an  
influ5ce v  injuri\s to 8 employ]'s     
int]e/s3 ! :ole tribe ( m5ials1         
consid]+ him to h full comm& ( ! :ole   
conc]n1 & view+  _! ma/] z a m]e cyph]1 
dread ! moon%y's au?ority1 &  cr\* be=e 
him 9 ! mo/ submissive mann]4    ,!     
banian r>ely receives wages1 or any     
imm$iate remun]ation =  8 s]vices2 he   
kn[s full well1 t no money c pass !     
files on  8 f+]s )\t leav+ "s du/4 ,!   
d>ogah is sometimes paid  by c5tage on !
 quantity ( goods he transmits1 or on ! 
am\nt (  8 acc\nt2 b ! moon%y is ev] 9 !
 receipt ( wages1 :i*  v>y accord+ to 8 
own tal5ts & reputation1 or to ! rank ( 
8  employ]4 ,p]haps1 a few may be f\nd  
:o receive m1 b two gold  mohurs1 7equal
 to f\r gu9eas17 p] mon?1 may be tak5 z 
r a  lib]al1 ?an an ord9>y1 rate4 ,"s d 
n receive m ?an eight or  t5 rupees2 b1 
:atev] ! le>n+ ( su* m5 may am\nt to1 _!
  conduct is g5]ally influ5c$ by motives
 wide f purity4 ,_m (  ?is class might  

=m]ly be se5 atta*$ to ^? "y (fic]s1 &  
civil s]vants1 :o f\nd an easy mode (   
gratify+ _! o/5tation  by t display (   
/udy !y nev] realiz$1 & :o employ$ ^!   
pret5d$ tutors 9 all ! drudg]y (        
exp5diture2 n =gett+  ^? mean] (fices1  
:i*1 :ile !y disgrac$ !mselves1 levell$ 
all di/9ction betwe5 ! man ( lett]s & ! 
common p&]6    ,! private habits (      
moon%ies1 9 g5]al1 by no means          
correspond  ) ! respectability ( _!     
pr(ession4 ,hav+ only to att5d _!       
employ]s at /at$ h\rs1 & ! residue ( _! 
"t be+ :olly  unoccupi$1 x is n to be   
wond]$1 t1 ) _! lib]al sal>ies1  !y %\ld
 r c\rt1 ?an %un1 pleasure4 ,h5ce1 ) v  
few  exceptions1 we f9d !m extremely    
debau*$ & unheal?y4 ,:at )  v5]y1 dr9k+1
 smok+1 c4 n9e 9 t5 ( !m exhale ! mo/   
intol]able effluvia6 ,?is1 by no means1 
l[]s _! pride3 on !  contr>y1 !y        
app>5tly resort to arrogance1 & to t    
preci\s  species ( fa/idi\s hauteur1    
ord9>ily to be f\nd "u ! same  %eep-sk9 
) e consummate hypocrite6    ,! ,jemmad>

 is consid]$ ! mo/ confid5tial1 &       
important1 (  all t class ( s]vants =m+ 
! ret9ue ( a p]son (  di/9ction4 ,!     
despat*es1 & consultations ( ! v>i\s    
memb]s (  ! c\ncil1 are usually convey$ 
by1 or pres5t$ to1 ! sev]al  jemmad>s1 9
 small boxes1 ( :i* ea* memb] has a key4
 ,"s  jemmad>s are reta9$ m]ely ) ! view
 to sup]9t5d build+s1  & comm]cial      
op]ations2 b su* _c be class$1 /rictly  
speak+1 ) ^? :o are m]ely /ate s]vants2 
al?\gh ! wages  ( ea* may be ne>ly on a 
p>2 viz4 f twelve to tw5ty rupees       
mon?ly4 ,?is s]vant be>s no insignia (  
(fice1 b1 = ! mo/  "p1 /udies to imitate
 ! appe>ance ( a moon%y ( a respectable 
class2 f :i* he may1 h[ev]1 be (t5      
di/+ui%$ by ! dagg]1  ornam5t$ ) gold & 
tassels1 or 9 a crimson velvet case1    
tipp$  ) gilt gu>ds1 worn 9 8           
cumm]-bund1 or wai/-clo?3 :]eas !       
moon%y nev] we>s any weapon :atev]4     
,! ,*obe-d>1 or silv]-pole be>]1 is     
reta9$ only by p]sons (  consequ5ce2    
sometimes only "o1 b usually two are    

employ$1 & ev5  f\r may be se5 9 !      
ret9ue ( v exalt$ *>act]s4 ,! pole1  7or
 *obe17 may be ab\t f\r feet & a half 9 
l5g?1 tap]+  gradually1 f ! metal f]ule 
at its base1 to ! top1 :i* may be  ab\t 
f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 & is g5]ally       
emboss$ ) "s  figure1 su* z a tig]'s    
head1 c42 :ile ! re/1 = ! :ole  l5g?1 is
 ( "s patt]n su* z volutes1 scales1     
fl[]s1 c4 ,!  pole consi/s ( a /aff1    
p]haps ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]1  
spread+ t[>ds its top1 s z to assimilate
 to ! =m ( !  ext]ior case2 :i* is (    
solid wr\ght silv]1 (t5 weigh+ #aej     
rupees or m1 into :i*1 ! /aff be+ plac$ 
c5trically1 melt$  ros9 is p\r$ to fill 
up ! int]m$iate space2 ! same z our     
plat$ knife h&les are done1 !reby r5d]+ 
! :ole suffici5tly  sub/antial1 )\t add+
 too mu* to ! weight4    ,! *obe-d> is  
g5]ally a man ( "s prud5ce1 v]s$ 9 all !
  c]emonies ( c\rt etiquette4 ,he /&s at
 ! inn] door ( !  audi5ce1 or receiv+1  
ap>tm5t2 ann\nc+ ! approa* ( visitors1  
& conduct+ !m to ! pres5ce4 ,! *obe be+ 

9 itself ( "s  value1 & ! (fice (       
consid]able tru/ 9 _m in/ances1 x is    
usual = ?is s]vant to give adequate     
security1 by means ( cr$itable  p]sons  
:o v\* =1 & take ^u !mselves1 ! actual  
responsibility reg>d+ 8 conduct4 ,!     
wages ( *obe-d>s v>y  consid]ably1 b we 
may take f eight to twelve rupees z !   
av]age4 ,!y att5d e>ly 9 ! morn+2 &1    
besides !  above-notic$ duty ( ann\nc+  
visitors1 run be=e ! palanqu9s (  _!    
employ]s1 or1 if !re be no jemmad>1 at !
 sides1 s z to  receive ord]s )\t be+   
call$4 ,!y likewise c>ry messages1 or   
notes1 on =mal occasions2 especially to 
sup]iors4    ,to ?is p>ticul>1 great    
att5tion is paid2 x be+ consid]$1 t  !  
rank ( ! s]vant be>+ ! message1 or note1
 implies ! degree  ( respect ! p]son    
s5d+ w\ld pay to ! p]son receiv+4 ,?us1 
a  message s5t by a jemmad>1 is held to 
be m c]emoni\s1 ?an "o  by a *obe-d>2 by
 a *obe-d> m respectful ?an by a        
soontah-burd>2 & by a soontah-burd> ?an 
by a peon1 or  hirk>ah4 ,s well is ?is  

und]/ood1 t1 ! precursors ( a great  man
 always arrange !mselves accord+ to !   
above rules2 !  hirk>ahs & peons are !  
=emo/2 next to !m !  soontah-burd>s2 !n 
! *obe-d>s2 &1 la/ly1 ! jemmad>2  !     
latt] runn+ at ! side ( ! palanqu91 b   
be+ replac$  dur+ occasional abs5ce by a
 *obe-d>2 & ?us ?r\gh\t4 ,x mu/  n be   
=gott51 t1 9 ,india1 ! ret9ue prec$e !  
employ]3 a  cu/om by no means suit$ to !
 climate1 ?\gh p]haps gratify+ to  ^? :o
 take pleasure 9 see+ two l9es ( sweat+ 
dome/ics  prec$+ !m2 x ne$ h>dly be     
urg$1 h[ unpleasant ! cl\ds (  du/ rais$
 by !m mu/ be to ! p]son seat$ 9 !      
palanqu94    ,! dresses ( ! jemmad>1 & (
 ! *obe-d>s1 may be  consid]$ ! same2   
!re be+ no *>act]i/ic diff]5ce1 ?\gh  ! 
=m] usually make _! jammas1 or robes1   
:i* are always (  :ite calico2 unless   
:]e color$ broad-cloa? may h be5 pres5t$
  to !m = ! purpose ( mak+ up liv]ies3  
:i*1 h[ev]1 d n  usually ext5d to ?is   
class ( mess5g]s2 :ite be+ consid]$ by  
!mselves m dignifi$4 ,nor d !y feel any 

p>tiality = color$  turbans1 or         
wai/-b&s4    ,! ,soontah-burd> be>s a   
baton ( ab\t ?irty in*es 9 l5g?1        
g5]ally curv$ at its upp] extremity1 s z
 to resemble ! ord9>y  =m ( bludgeons4  
,^! batons are made ( ! same mat]ials z 
!  *obe1 or pole2 b1 :ile ! latt] are   
borne1 :5 _! be>]s  are proce$+ ) a     
palanqu91 by a suitable balance ne> _!  
c5tres1 l trail$ arms1 ! =m] are held by
 _! l[]  extremities2 :i*1 s9ce !y nev] 
are re/$ on ! gr\nd1 z !  *obes are1    
require no f]ules2 ! crook$ end ( !     
soontah be+  c>ri$ ov] ! %\ld]4         
,soontah-burd>s are frequ5tly employ$ by
 p]sons 9 a second or  ?ird rate (      
(fice1 or ( opul5ce1 :]e no jemmad>1 nor
  *obe-d>1 is kept4 ,z already expla9$1 
! abs5ce ( "o  /ate-s]vant calls up !   
next 9 rank to supply 8 place2 a        
circum/ance :i* by no means impairs !   
dignity ( ! locum  t55s4 ,! pay ( ?is   
s]vant v>ies accord+ to circum/ances1 b 
may be f six to t5 rupees mon?ly3 !     
dress diff]s f t (  ! sup]ior class2 x1 

9 mo/ cases1 be+ conf9$ to a mu* %ort]  
jamma1 rea*+ only to ! knees1 or b      
little bel[ !m1 & !re  be+ less         
objection to we> color$ turbans1 c4     
,! ,kansamah may be class$ ) !          
h\se-/ew>d1 & butl]2 bo?  :i* (fices    
appe> to unite 9 ?is s]vant1 :o1 9 8    
dress1  g5]ally imitates ! jemmad>1 or !
 *obe-d>4 ,^? :o h  b r>ely se5 a table 
laid out 9 ,india1 mu/ wond] at !       
elegance1  & p]fection1 :i* may !re (t5 
be f\nd3 ?is mu/ appe> /ill  m surpriz+1
 :5 x is consid]$1 t none ( ^? conc]n$ 9
  ! prep>ation ( ! vi&s1 w\ld1 on any   
acc\nt1 ta/e ( !m  dur+ ! c\rse (       
prep>ation1 any m ?an :5 return$ f !    
table4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$1 t e s]vant  
be>+ ?is  description is equally        
acqua9t$ ) ! sev]al m9uti ! "*  ought to
 include3 9 fact1 b v few ( !m possess  
su*  qualifications z %\ld entitle to   
pre-em95ce3 g5]ally1 "s ( !  m obs]vant1
 or intellig5t1 ( table-att5dants ( !   
l[] ord]1  contrive by application1 &   
ev5 by pay+ ^? kansamahs :o are         

consid]$ clev] 9 _! bus9ess1 to climb up
 ! ladd] ( m5ial  rank1 & ultimately to 
rea* ?is /ation2 :i* is ! ne plus ultra 
9 its bran* ( s]vitude4 ,! wages are    
suppos$ to correspond )  ! tal5ts2 b1   
!re be+ no scale :]eby to regulate      
e/imation1  we may be bett] guid$1 9 ?is
 p>ticul>1 by ! rank ( !  employ]2 ?\gh 
a few in/ances may be adduc$ :]e9       
epicures1 (  v mod]ate income1 h reta9$ 
kansamahs at v exorbitant  rates4       
,p]haps ,i may be "r 9 tak+ f twelve to 
fifte5 rupees  = a common /&>d2 f fifte5
 to tw5ty 9 families ( rank1 or         
opul5ce2 & f tw5ty to =ty among ! fir/  
circle4 ,i h kn[n  in/ances f> beyond   
ev5 t mon?ly /ip5d3 a few cases might be
  adduc$ :]e n less ?an a hundr$ rupees 
h be5 giv56 ,z t  corresponds ) l#ej4 p]
 annum ( ,briti% curr5cy1 a sum :i* all 
bel[ pr9cely magnific5ce c\ld b         
indiff]5tly af=d1 x may be  conclud$1 t1
 9 ! ,ea/1 z well z 9 ! ,we/1 !re are to
 be  f\nd individuals :o ?9k no exp5ce  
too great1 :5 _! appetite  & ta/e are to

 be indulg$4    ,! ,sirc> is a g5ius ^: 
:ole /udy is to h&le money1 :e!r        
receivable or payable2 & :o contrives   
ei!r to confuse acc\nts1  :5 !y are     
adv]se to 8 view2 or to r5d] !m mo/     
expressively  intelligible1 :5 su* w\ld 
suit 8 purpose4 ,^! rogues are pretty   
ne>ly ! same z ! ,madras deba%es3 ,i    
believe all1 :o h  exp]i5c$ ! k9d (fices
 ( ei!r1 w readily confess t no         
compleat] knaves are to be f\nd 9 any "p
 ( ! _w4 ,& ?is  "u ! mo/ s$ul\s        
appe>ance bo? to please1 & to s]ve1 ^?  
:om !y are ab\t to plund]4 ,z peons &   
hirk>ahs rise to be  *obe-d>s1 &        
jemmad>s2 & z kh$mutg>s succe$ to !     
appo9tm5t ( kansamahs2 s may sirc>s 9 "t
 become banians1  dewans1 d>ogahs1      
goma/ahs1 c4 ,_m ( !m ev5 set up z      
%r(fs1 or bank]s1 & e/abli% su* an ext5t
 ( cr$it z w\ld  a/oni% ! inhabitants ( 
,lomb>d ,/reet4 ,!re are sirc>s ( all   
ages1 & ( all degrees2 f ! %rewd lad (  
twelve1 to !  sup]annuat$ mon/]1 ^:     
sixty1 or sev5ty1 ye>s ( worldly        

int]c\rse1 may be consid]$ a record (   
fraud & extortion4    ,no?+ c p]haps be 
m =cible 9 expos+ ! *>act]i/ic  traits (
 sirc>s1 ?an ! fact ( _! ord9>ily t5d]+ 
_!  s]vices to "y m51 "u ! decl>ation t 
!y seek = no  pay2 nor = remun]ation 9  
any =m1 beyond ! pleasure ( lay+  out   
ma/]'s money to ! be/ advantage4 ,i %\ld
 premise1 t1 on  acc\nt ( ! imm5se      
v>iety ( co9s curr5t 9 ,india1 x is     
cu/om>y1 :5ev] any l>ge sum is to be    
receiv$1 to employ an  exam9]1 call$ a  
pod>2 :o1 hav+ conf9$ 8 pursuits to !   
acquirem5t ( a mo/ accurate k ( _!      
sev]al values1 at  once decides ^u !    
correctness ( a paym5t4 ,! precision1   
quickness1 & t\*1 ( ^! p]sons1 are      
beyond description4 ,i h  be5 assur$ t  
_m ( !m c1 ev5 9 ! d>k1 di/+ui%  betwe5 
sev]al k9ds ( money1 ^: size & weight   
be> no great  dissimil>ity3 besides1 ev5
 ^? co9s t be> ! same value1 &  come f !
 same m9t1 diff] greatly 9 bo? ^?       
p>ticul>s2 "s  be+ broad & flat1 l a    
%ill+1 ?\gh n defac$2 :ile o!rs  are m  

dumpy1 &1 ?\gh ( pur] metal1 n s        
pond]\s4    ,_m ( ! sirc>s1 especially (
 late ye>s1 unite ! (fice (  pod> ) _!  
own bus9ess4 ,?is1 x w be suppos$1 %\ld 
enable !m to secure _! employ] f loss1 b
 is1 on all  occasions1 made ! means (  
injur+ bo? 8 pocket & 8 cr$it1 by  pass+
 inf]ior money at an unju/ value into 8 
*e/1 & issu+ x  at a less rate1 if to a 
native colleague2 b1 if to an ,european1
 !n  at a high] value2 ! sirc>s ( ea*   
jo9+ 9 ! device3 :5  circum/ances fit1  
?is op]ation is rev]s$4 ,i am prep>$ = !
  foll[+ obvi\s "q2 viz4 #8,if ! ma/]   
knew ! rate at :i*  ! money 0 paid to   
him1 h[ happ5s x1 t1 aft] ent]+ x 9  8  
books1 he all[s x to be paid away at a  
diff]5t1 or1 at lea/1 at  a l[]1 rate1  
?an t at :i* x 0 receiv$8'    ,?is qu]y 
%\ld appe> suffici5t to /agg] any p]son 
to :om x  might be put2 b to a sirc>    
w\ld n prove 9 ! smalle/ degree         
difficult ( solution4 ,he imm$iately    
tells ma/]1 t ! batta1  i4e4 ! ex*ange1 
is alt]$1 &1 9 say+ t mu*1 he may h  !  

tru? on 8 side4 ,i h already h9t$ at !  
fluctuations t  take place 9 all co9s1  
:e!r gold1 silv]1 or copp]4 ,?is up &   
d[n price ( money1 if ,i may use !      
expression1 is manag$ by !  %r(fs1 or   
native bank]s2 :o inv>iably1 except on  
p>ticul>  holidays1 meet t[>ds midnight1
 comp>e acc\nts1 & settle ! value  (    
money = ! succe$+ day4 ,notice is       
accord+ly circulat$ 9 an  und]h& mann]2 
&1 ?r\gh\t ! great t[n ( ,calcutta1     
cov]+  p]haps ?ree ?\s& acres1 & well   
peopl$1 ! :ole ( ! p>ties  conc]n$1 nay1
 ev5 ! ord9>y retail %op-keep]s1 are    
appriz$ (  ! alt]ation4 ,sometimes !    
ex*ange is all[$ to rema9 at ! same     
rate = a few days 9 succession3 ?is     
r>ely takes place except :5 a  p>ticul> 
curr5cy1 say silv]1 is to be b\ght up at
 a l[ rate1 su*  z #eh or #fj pice to a 
rupee1 to be sold aga9 :5 ! rate has    
be51 = t purpose1 rais$ to #fd1 or #fe4 
,s soon z ei!r purpose  is accompli%$1 !
 ex*ange alt]s by ! same invisible      
means4    ,! numb] ( pice 9 a rupee     

con/itutes its value2 z ! numb]  (      
rupees & annas d t ( a gold mohur2 :i*1 
if sicca1 f  ! ,calcutta m9t1 ought     
inv>iably to pass at sixte5 rupees4 ,b !
  regulations ( gov]nm5t h too (t5 be5  
op5ly trespass$1 9 !  mo/ d>+ mann]4    
,?is 0 c>ri$ to su* a pit*1 t ! :ole (  
! silv] curr5cy at "o "t disappe>$2 !   
%r(fs & sirc>s  _h b\ght x all up2 s t  
p]sons 9 bus9ess 7 induc$ to (f]        
premiums = silv]2 )\t :i* m]cantile     
conc]ns c\ld n  proce$4 ,x is a well    
kn[n fact1 t1 = "s mon?s1 ! troops at  !
 presid5cy 7 paid 9 gold1 issu$ to !m at
 p>2 b :i*1  ow+ to ! infam\s           
comb9ations above describ$1 w\ld n pass 
9  any "p ( ! m>ket1 unless a d$uction (
 "o-eigh? 0 all[$6  ,sirc>s contrive to 
defraud all p>ties ) :om _! ma/]s may  h
 conc]ns2 !reby disgrac+ !m on _m       
occasions1 especially 9  paym5t (       
c>d-debts2 :i* are soon di/+ui%$ by ?is 
,argus  race4    ,besides ! advantages  
?us made1 ! sirc>s d]ive a v            
consid]able emolum5t f all pur*ases made

 9 ! m>kets1 (  :atev] description4     
,:5ev] an ,european1 ev5 9 p]son1 buys  
goods  ( a native1 8 s]vants h1 f "t    
immemorial1 a claim on !  v5dor ( half  
an anna 9 e rupee ! latt] receives4     
,?is1 :i*  is call$ du/ooree1 or cu/om>y
 gift1 be+ a ?irty-second ( !           
disbursem5t1 am\nts to no less ?an #c p]
 c5t43 x may !re=e be  imag9$ :at imm5se
 sums ^! g5try mu/ pocket1 :5 s]v+      
g5tlem5 :o h l>ge e/abli%m5ts to        
support1 & ^: s]vants  are num]\s3 = ev5
 f ! v dome/ics does ! sirc> claim  !   
above gratuity1 :5 pay+ _! wages6       
,milit>y p]sons h little occasion = su* 
s]vants2 !re=e1  unless 9 eligible      
circum/ances1 & ( a v lib]al            
disposition1 a  sirc> w n ?9k x wor? 8  
:ile to s]ve an (fic] on a  small sal>y4
 ,b x is q diff]5t :]e a "y civilian is 
9  "q2 to him ! rogue's purse is        
in/antly op5$2 n only ) a  view to make 
him1 l ! /ew>d 9 ,gil ,blas1 pay int]e/ 
= 8 own  money1 b "u ! hope ( atta*+    
firmly to ! ris+ sun1 &  ultimately (   

be+ banian1 naib1 dewan2 ( c\rse1 asc5d+
 to  ! v acm ( prosp]ity4 ,^? sirc>s :o 
are employ$ by  m]cantile1 or           
manufactur+ p]sons1 d]ive ! advantages  
att5dant on  ! =ego+ transactions 9 a   
less degree ?an :5 s]v+ an  individual  
dive/$ ( su* conc]ns2 b !y gradually    
acquire l>ge  prop]ty1 & are (t5 plac$ 9
 situations ( great tru/2 su* z  d>ogahs
 & goma/ahs4 ,9 su* e/abli%m5ts !y are1 
= !  major "p1 relatives to ! banian1 :o
 assi/s ) 8 purse on  em]g5cy2 !re=e1   
?\gh !y may feel ! necessity ( pay+     
att5tion to _! o/5sible employ]1 !y pay 
_! c\rt1 "u !  rose1 *iefly to ! =m]4 ,!
 rates ( wages are1 9 ?is bran*1        
progressive2 "s receiv+ a b>e           
livelihood1 su* z f five to  eight      
rupees mon?ly2 :ile ^? ( long] /&+1 or  
:o are m 9  favor ) ! banian1 sometimes 
receive f fifte5 to ?irty4    ,! dress (
 sirc>s is extremely simple3 _! heads   
are %av$1 )  ! exception ( "o lock1 ab\t
 two in*es 9 diamet] at ! base1  :i* is 
held sacr$1 & is ti$ 9 a k9d ( loose    

b[-knot4 ,!  turban is :ite1 ( f9e      
musl91 wrapp$ p]haps fifte5 or tw5ty    
times  r\nd ! head1 leav+ ! cr[n ne>ly  
b>e1 & ! lock ( hair  protrud+4 ,r\nd ! 
wai/ a piece ( clo? is pass$1 s z to    
all[  fre$om ( motion2 !n tuck$ 91 9 a  
peculi> mann]1 & "o skirt1  pass+ betwe5
 ! ?ighs1 is1 9 l mann]1 secur$ beh9d4  
,unless  9 cold wea!r1 ! body & arms are
 left entirely b>e2 9 mod]ate  seasons1 
!y are cov]$ by means ( a clo? sew$ into
 two bread?s1  ?r[n ov] ! %\ld]s3 a *9tz
 quilt is likewise worn at times4    ,= 
! conv5i5ce ( keep+ acc\nts1 & ( mak+   
paym5ts1 "o  sirc> is all[$ by !        
,company to ea* battalion ( sepoys4 ,x  
is  surpriz+ to see h[ ^! m51 ^: utmo/  
legal receipts c am\nt  to only tw5ty   
rupees mon?ly1 get =w>d1 & become       
possess$ (  prop]ty4 ,mu* money goes    
?r\gh _! h&s1 &1 z be=e obs]v$1  e f+]  
is a file :i* takes (f a trifle en      
passant4 ,?is class  ( s]vants r>ely    
associate1 9 any degree1 ) ! o!rs2 !y   
=m1  9 fact1 a sep>ate tribe ( ,h9dus1 &

 devote _! "t to "o  object1 viz4 mak+  
money4 ,!y g5]ally read ,engli% well    
en\gh to  "k ! cont5ts ( a bill2 b1 9   
giv+ receipts1 usually sign _!  names 9 
! ,b5gallee "*3 few ( !m und]take to    
write ,engli%  acc\nts2 b1 9 _! own way1
 :i* appe>s to u prolix1 !y are         
extremely regul>4 ,! sup]iors seldom t\*
 a p51 leav+ t (fice  to ^? s]vants :o  
are entitl$ to confid5ce1 & caus+ ! less
  exp]t to act z collect+ cl]ks2 an     
employ 9 :i* !y are  em95tly punctual1 z
 mo/ "y debtors ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/ mu/      
ackn[l$ge4 ,x is a peculi> circum/ance1 
t sc>cely an in/ance  has be5 kn[n ( a  
sirc> abscond+ ) ! money entru/$ to him3
  f ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i exempt ! vile crew ( 
tide wait]s1 :o are by  no means        
scrupul\s2 ?\gh1 = ! sake ( p]petuat+ _!
 game1  :i* any op5 act ( felony might  
break up1 !y pref] extract+ !  money f !
 novice's pocket1 by means ( extortion &
 fraudul5t  acc\nts4    ,consid]+ him z 
be+ at lea/ atta*$ to1 if n ( ! v same  
species1 z ! knave j describ$1 ,i %all  

give a %ort description  ( ! ,pod>2 (   
:om m5tion has already be5 made4 ,he is 
n always  an att5dant at an (fice1 ?\gh1
 9 great conc]ns1 8 pres5ce is          
indisp5sable4 ,he ei!r receives f f\r to
 t5 rupees p] mon?1 or  is paid1 by a v 
small c5tage1 = :atev] money he exam9es4
 ,we  (t5 admire ! dext]ity ( our       
money-tell]s2 b ! pod>1 :o  c\nts by    
f\rs1 7i4e4 gundahs17 f9i%es ! detail ( 
a ?\s&  9 s %ort a "t1 z w\ld cause ev5 
our mo/ exp]t money-tell]s to  />e )    
a/oni%m5t6 ,x is only mix$ money t is   
c\nt$1 :5  l>ge sums are pass+2 mo/     
paym5ts are fir/ sort$1 :51 !  sev]al   
k9ds ( rupees be+ made into p>cels1 are 
weigh$1 fifty at a  "t3 9 ?is mann]1 a  
lac 7i4e4 a #ajj1jjj7 may be spe$ily    
asc]ta9$2 ea* p>cel ( fifty be+ kept    
sep>ate1 until a c]ta9  numb] is        
complet$3 :5 ! :ole are acc\nt$1 &      
remov$ into  bags1 to make way = fur!r  
op]ations4 ,"h x may be prop] to  rem>k1
 t no sirc> w take *>ge ( money :5 8    
employ]  keeps ! key3 nor is x1 on ! o!r

 h&1 cu/om>y = ! sirc>  to h ! entire   
*>ge4 ,s _m tricks h be5 play$ by *ang+ 
! co91 t x is n[ a g5]al rule = e       
treasure-*e/ to h  two l>ge padlocks1 ( 
diff]5t con/ruction2 ! sirc>1 or        
tusseel-d> 7ca% keep]17 receiv+ "o key1 
& ! ma/]  reta9+ ! o!r4 ,?is prev5ts    
aggression on ei!r "p1 b is by  no means
 pleas+ to ! banians1 ?\gh !y affect to 
be highly  satisfi$1 because a comm& (  
specie w (t5 enable !m to make  v       
advantage\s pur*ases 9 ,company's pap]2 
b su* a precaution  inevitably deb>s _! 
access to ma/]'s ca%4    ,! ,cranny1 or 
cl]k1 may be ei!r a native ,arm5ian1 a  
native  ,portugueze1 or a ,b5gallee3 !  
=m] are n v common2 ! second  are m     
num]\s2 b ! ?ird are e :]e to be se54 ,x
 really  is wond]ful h[ well _m ( !     
latt] c write1 )\t  und]/&+ a ^w ( :at  
is writt54 ,!y h a /eady h&1 a ke5  eye1
 & an admirable read9ess 9 ca/+ up      
acc\nts4 ,^? :o are  habituat$ to our   
mode ( book keep+1 pr(ess to consid] x  
greatly  sup]ior to _! own1 b x is n a v

 easy matt] to get !m into  x4 ,t       
multiplicity ( fractions :i* prevails1 9
 consequ5ce ( !  p]petual fluctuation 9 
_! curr5cy1 causes !m to be v well  v]s$
 9 t bran* ( ari?metic1 & to produce !  
mo/ correct  calculations4 ,! rates (   
wages are diff]5t accord+ to !          
abilities ( individuals2 ?us1 a clev]   
cranny 9 a public (fice1  su* z !       
auditor g5]al's1 or ! pay-ma/] g5]al's1 
or ! assay  & m9t1 may receive f =ty to 
a hundr$ rupees mon?ly1 :ile1 9         
m]cantile h\ses1 !y r>ely receive m ?an 
?irty1 g5]ally1  inde$1 f t5 to tw5ty2  
:ile _m are glad to s]ve gratis1 m]ely  
= ! purpose ( an introduction to t l9e (
 employm5t2 z well  z to p]fect !mselves
 9 book keep+1 & 9 a prop] /yle (       
correspond5ce4    ,! use ^! g5try make (
 ,engli% words1 is (t5 highly div]t+3   
!y /udy synonymes v indu/ri\sly2 por+   
ov] ,johnson's  diction>y1 & c>efully   
select+ su* t]ms1 z appe> to !m lea/  9 
use2 ?9k+ t su* mu/1 ( c\rse1 make f9]  
language4 ,!  foll[+ may s]ve z a       

specim53 x 0 writt5 by a cranny to 8    
ma/]1 9 consequ5ce ( an ext]ior w9d[    
%utt] hav+ be5 bl[n  d[n by a sev]e     
nor?-we/]4    #8,honorable ,sir1        
#8,ye/]day vesp] arrive great hurricane2
 valve ( little ap]ture  n fa/52 fir/   
make great trepidation & palpitation1 !n
  precipitate into prec9ct4 ,god grant  
ma/] m long life1 & m  great po/4       
,i rema91                               
,honorable ,sir1                        
9 all tok5 ( respect1                   
,ma/]'s writ]1                          
,,bissonaut ,,metre4'    #8,p4,s4 ,no   
tranquillity 9 h\se s9ce valve          
adj\rn4--,i s5d = c>p5t]  to make       
re-unite4'    ,^? unacqua9t$ ) ! p$antry
 ( ,b5gallee writ]s1 may suspect  me (  
co9+ = ! occasion2 plac+ ! above on a   
foot+ )  ,smollet's #8,horse-spittle (  
anvil-heads1' c42 b ,i assure my read]s1
  t x is a lit]al transcript f a note ( 
:i* ! orig9al 0 9  my fa!r's possession 
= _m ye>s2 x is by no means s prepo/]\s 
z _m t h1 on acc\nt ( _! ridicul\s      

diction1 be5  publi%$ 9 ! ,calcutta     
pap]s4    ,! dress ( a ,b5gallee cranny 
is exactly ! same z t ( !  sirc>1 ( :i* 
tribe he may be consid]$ a relative4 ,! 
,portugueze  cranny1 assumes ! ,briti%  
dress2 b ! ,arm5ian inv>iably reta9s  t 
( 8 own c\ntry1 :i* is truly becom+4 ,!y
 %ave _!  heads1 & we> black velvet     
bonnets1 n unlike a mitre 9 =m4 ,_!     
ve/s are ( :ite l951 & rea* d[n to _!   
knees1 s z n to  conceal ! knee-b&s ( _!
 small-cloa?s4 ,_! coats1 or tunics1    
are usually made ( color$ silk1 = ! mo/ 
"p purple1 lilac1  crimson1 or br[n1 &  
fl[ loosely r bel[ _! ve/s2 !  sleeves  
are loose1 & !re is no coll>4 ,!y use   
also /ock+s &  %oes2 &1 :5 )9 doors1 lay
 aside _! black bonnets1 we>+ 9  _! /ead
 :ite skull-caps1 r\nd l a small b[l1 & 
(t5 neatly  tamb\r$ ) color$ silks4 ,!y 
h pockets bo? 9 _! ve/s1 &  9 _!        
small-cloa?s3 "s we> girdles1 "u _!     
tunics2 & "s  we> silk5 sa%es4    ,hav+ 
dispos$ ( ^? :o pride !mselves z        
app]ta9+ to !  nok]on1 x rema9s to      

detail ! s]vices1 c4 ( su* z come "u  ! 
g5]al designation ( *auk]on4    ,!      
,kh$mutg>1 or1 z he is (t5 t]m$1 !      
kismutg>1 is1 )  v few exceptions1 a    
,mussulman3 8 bus9ess is to prep>e all !
  app>atus1 & to wait at table4 ,= ?is  
purpose1 he repairs to !  h\se ( 8      
employ] %ortly aft] day-break2 :51 aft] 
see+ t  ! breakfa/ ap>tm5t has be5      
swept1 & tak+ c>e t ! be>]s  h put on a 
kettle1 he lays ! clo?1 ) small plates1 
knives1  =ks1 spoons1 c4 toge!r ) bread1
 butt]1 sweetmeats1 c4 b  res]v+ all !  
tea-?+s = a side-table2 at :i*1 if !re  
be no  kansamah1 he (ficiates1 mak+ !   
tea1 c(fee1 *ocolate1 cocoa1 or  :atev] 
is ord]$4 ,:]e !re is an ,european lady 
9 ! family1 %e  may1 p]haps1 h ! cups1  
c4 set ^u ! breakfa/ table2 b1 on       
acc\nt ( ! /eam aris+ f ! v>i\s         
prep>ations1 ?is cu/om  is by no means  
g5]al2 & (t51 aft] be+ p]sev]$ 9 = a    
:ile1 is rel9qui%$ 9 favor ( ! ba*elor's
 mode2 :i* is 9  e respect1 ! mo/       
com=table4    ,e g5tleman mu/ h "o      

kh$mutg>2 b ! majority keep two1  or ev5
 m2 n only add+ !reby to _! own exp5ce1 
b  consid]ably incommod+ e p>ty 9 :i* !y
 may d9e4 ,z e  g5tleman1 :5 at table1  
is att5d$ by 8 own s]vants1 x may easily
  be conceiv$1 t :]e two or m are po/$  
beh9d ea* gue/1 a  liv+ enclosure is    
=m$1 t5d+ by its own exhalations1 add$  
to  ^? f _! ma/]s1 & f ! vi&s1 to bani% 
com=t1 & to  r5d] all artificial means (
 cool+ ! ap>tm5t p]fectly abortive4     
,h5ce x is usual1 at all public         
ent]ta9m5ts1 to admit b "o  s]vant = ea*
 p]son invit$3 on "s occasions a bett]  
plan is  adopt$1 namely1 t ( employ+    
only z _m s]vants z may be  deem$       
absolutely necess>y3 b ?is1 ?\gh        
obvi\sly judici\s1  r>ely gives         
satisfaction2 habit hav+ s /rongly      
confirm$1 :at  luxury s v insagaci\sly  
inv5t$4 ,g5tlem5 fix$ at ,calcutta1 or  
at any place1 z resid5ts1 cause plates1 
knives1 =ks1 spoons1  napk9s1 & glasses1
 to be laid = ! :ole company2 b at all  
milit>y /ations1 ea* gue/ s5ds 8 s]vant 

) two plates1 a s\p  plate1 a small     
plate = bones1 c4 a tumbl]1 a long glass
 = cl>et1  & a small] = ,madeira1 a     
table spoon1 a dess]t spoon1 p]haps also
  a m>r[ spoon1 two or ?ree knives &    
=ks1 & a napk93 ^! are  usually tak5 to 
! r5dezv\s by "o ( 8 kh$mutg>s1 :o      
accompanies ! aub-d>2 ! latt] caus+ a   
be>] ) a bangy1  or sl+1 to c>ry !      
app>atus = cool+ wat]4    ,h[ev]        
luxuri\s ! latt] cu/om may seem1 yet ,i 
d n "k any m  gratify+1 or m conducive  
to heal?4 ,a glass ( cold wat] is at    
times invaluable6    ,:5 seat$ at table1
 ! kh$mutg> /&s beh9d 8 ma/]1  *ang+ 8  
plates1 c4 :i* are clean$ by s]vants    
)\t2 &1  ei!r keep+ him cool by means ( 
a small h&-fan1 made ( palm-tree2  or   
driv+ away ! flies ) a :isk1 call$ a    
*[ry1 made ( !  hair f a wild ox's tail1
 or ( a peacocks' fea!rs1 or ( ! roots  
( grass1 call$ cuss-cuss1 c4 (t51 h[ev]1
 ^! (fices are left  to a be>]1 :o      
likewise /&s1 beh9d 8 ma/]'s *air1 = t  
purpose4 ,aft] d9n] ! kh$mutg>s retire  

to _! own homes1 &1  ab\t sun-set1 att5d
 _! respective ma/]s1 if !y h rema9$2  b
 %\ld !y sup :]e !y d9$1 z is cu/om>y   
:]e supp]s are  laid1 ! att5dance is    
repeat$1 ! same z at d9n] "t2 aft]  :i* 
! kh$mutg>s g to _! respective h\ses1   
)\t c]emony4  ,! pay ( ?is m5ial v>ies f
 five1 to p]haps t51 rupees mon?ly2  b !
 g5]ality receive f six to eight4 ,mu*  
dep5ds on ! rank  ( ! employ]1 & :e!r ! 
kh$mutg> is ev] expect$ to  (ficiate z  
kansamah3 su* is1 inde$1 ! case ) !     
families (  s+le g5tlem51 n 9 possession
 ( l>ge receipts2 b !  (ficiat+ kh$mutg>
 is honor$1 almo/ inv>iably1 by all !   
o!r  s]vants1 ) ! title ( khansamah4    
,nor is su* di/9ction always ill-be/[$2 
_m ( ^? :o s]ve  "u g5tlem5 ( a lib]al  
disposition1 & :o take pleasure 9  keep+
 a good table1 may fairly competite )1  
at lea/1 half !  s]vants actually       
entitl$ to t designation1 9 all ! k     
requisite to support its "*4 ,few1      
h[ev]1 ( ^? :o become  ?us capable (    
manag+ all t app]ta9s to dome/ic        

economy1  refra9 f mak+ attempts to ent]
 ! sup]ior circle4 ,nor are !re  want+  
p]sons ready to s$uce su* good s]vants f
 ! employ (  _! acqua9tances4 ,ab\t     
eight & tw5ty ye>s ago1 :5 x 0 !  fa%ion
 to we> ! hair1 bo? ( ladies & (        
g5tlem51 full dress$1  a good p]uqui] 0 
an indisp5sable "p ( ! e/abli%m5t3 !    
great difficulty ( procur+ p]sons       
prop]ly qualifi$1 induc$  sev]al g5tlem5
 to h lads in/ruct$ "u ^? :o 7 kn[n to  
be exp]t2 ?is (t5 co/ f eighty to a     
hundr$ rupees 7t5 or  twelve gu9eas72 b1
 9 _m in/ances1 s soon z ! pupils _h    
le>n$ ! bus9ess1 (f]s 7 made cl&e/9ely f
 o!r  qu>t]s1 sometimes by intimate     
fri5ds ( _! ma/]s2 :5 "s  little        
disagreem5t 0 />t$ s z to give pretext =
 quitt+4 ,i  mu/ rem>k1 at ! same "t1 t 
,i believe ! g5tlem5 ( ,india are  m    
scrupul\s1 & m delicate1 9 matt]s ( ?is 
nature1 ?an  ^? 9 any o!r qu>t]3 b we   
mu/ n expect all to be p]fect2  /ill    
less to be dis9t]e/$6    ,kh$mutg>s are1
 ) few exceptions1 ! sons ( ayahs1      

dhyes1  c4 9 ! s]vice ( ,european1 or   
native1 ladies3 _! fir/  introduction to
 ! table commonly takes place :5 ab\t   
eight1 or  n9e1 ye>s ( age2 at :i* p]iod
 *ildr5 9 t qu>t] are usually  sm>t1    
intellig5t1 & well-featur$4 ,at fir/ !y 
att5d only at  home2 n receiv+ any      
wages1 or s little z b>ely to suffice = 
clo?+3 by degrees !y become useful1 &   
are all[$ to att5d  abroad4 ,f ?is x may
 be conclud$1 t1 too (t51 a k9d (       
compact1 or coalition1 takes place beh9d
 ! curta91 n v  favorable to ei!r !     
pocket1 or ! br[s1 ( ! employ]4 ,:5 we  
consid] ! v>i\s opportunities bo? =     
peculation1 & =  intrigue1 possess$ by  
kh$mutg>s s initiat$1 we _c refra9  f   
condemn+ t practice1 :i* is too g5]ally 
preval5t2 &  :i* we %\ld suppose c\ld n 
fail to produce "s inquietude3 su*1     
h[ev]1 is r>ely ! case4    ,! dresses ( 
kh$mutg>s are g5]ally ( ! same =m2 b !  
quality ( ! clo?1 ! l5g? ( ! skirts1 &  
sleeves1 & !  trimm+s1 are matt]s (     
great consequ5ce 9 ! eyes ( ?is va9     

tribe4 ,all endeavor to obta9 turbans & 
cumm]-bunds 7i4e4  wai/-clo?s7 ( ! same 
color1 & are n ! less pleas$ if a       
tassel ( silv] fr+e be add$ to ! out]   
end ( ! =m]4 ,dur+  ! hot season1 a     
coortah1 or ve/1 rea*+ at lea/ to !     
knees1 (  :ite calico1 or ( *9tz1 is    
worn2 b1 dur+ ! w9t]1 "o (  p]pet1 or   
o!r wooll5 ( ,european manufacture1 is  
held to be m  respectable4 ,!           
long-draw]s are ord9>ily :ite1 or (     
/rip$  g+ham2 ?\gh "s great favorites1 &
 debau*ees1 :o pride  !mselves on be+   
favorites among ! ladies1 (t5 we> a k9d 
(  silk /uff1 call$ gool-budd51 su* z is
 us$ by wom5 above !  middle class1 &   
d5otes effem9acy1 or a disposition to   
intrigue4 ,!  orig9 ( su* a type (      
lib]t9ism may commonly be trac$ to !    
h>am2 probably to t ( ! fop's own ma/]4 
,! (fice ( ,mosaul*y1 or flambeau-be>]1 
may be consid]$ ano!r  introduction1 or 
r an appr5tice%ip1 to ! =ego+4 ,a lad   
s]v+ 9 ?is capacity %\ld be agile1 sm>t1
 & c>eful2 hav+ to  run = miles z fa/ z 

! ord9>y rate ( a c>riage2 he w f9d     
abundance ( "w 9 clean+ boots1 %oes1    
knives1 di%es1 c4 toge!r  ) a million ( 
et cet]as1 :i* fit him = ! title (      
#8,jack (  all trades4' ,_m valuable    
articles 9 glass-w>e & crock]y1 be+     
giv5 to 8 *>ge1 = ! purpose ( be+ wa%$1 
x is  indisp5sably necess>y t 8 :ole    
att5tion be devot$ !reto4  ,dur+ ! "t a 
lad rema9s z a mosaul*y1 he may acquire 
mu*  exp]i5ce relat+ to ! duties ( a    
kh$mutg>3 "s are to be  se51 9 ! s]vice 
( p]sons 9 r l[ circum/ances1 act+ 9    
bo? capacities1 & c>ry+ ! umbrella2 :i* 
is prop]ly ! duty  ( a be>]3 b1 :]e !   
mosaul*y p]=ms ! kh$mutg>'s  duties1    
be>]s are r>ely kept4 ,few mosaul*ies   
are all[$ m ?an  five rupees mon?ly1 &  
!n on ! proviso ( supply+ ! flambeaux  &
 ! oil1 :]e su* are us$4 ,! g5]al pay is
 ab\t f\r rupees2  ! ma/]1 z is n[ almo/
 e :]e preval5t1 us+ a lant]n  in/ead ( 
a mosaul1 7or flambeau17 & supply+ ends 
( wax c&les1  or :ole ones ( tall[1 = t 
purpose4 ,_m ( ?is description (        

s]vants beg9 z coolies1 or labor]s1 &   
gradually acquire  suffici5t insight to 
be admitt$ into ! s]vices (             
non-commission$  (fic]s1 c42 :5ce !y    
take ! opportunity ( remov+ into !      
employ ( g5tlem54 ,o!rs />t f ! sepoy   
regim5ts1 9 :i*  !y h s]v$ z goorgahs1  
or fags1 to "s native (fic]1 c42  b ^!  
are m r>e2 ! g5]ality ( our sepoys be+  
,h9dus1 to  :om v>i\s dome/ic op]ations 
occurr+ 9 ! families ( ,europeans  are  
obnoxi\s1 on acc\nt ( ! nature ( _m     
alim5ts 9 use among  u4 ,! mosaul1 or   
flambeau1 consi/s ( old rags1 wrapp$ v  
closely ar\nd a small /ick2 x is g5]ally
 ab\t two feet 9 l5g?1  & may be two    
in*es & a half 9 diamet]2 an iron r+    
fits on1 s  z to conf9e ! fire )9 ab\t  
an in* at ! tip3 be+ refre%$1  f "t to  
"t1 ) oil extract$ f ! sesamum1 x burns 
)  great fi]c5ess2 z ! clo? consumes1 ! 
r+ is br\ght back1 by  means ( an old   
=k1 !reby r5ovat+ ! flame4 ,! oil is    
ei!r  c>ri$ 9 a glass bottle1 to !      
emb\*ure ( :i* a re$ is fitt$1  to      

prev5t spill+2 or x is conta9$ 9 a brass
 vessel1 made  expressly = ! purpose1 & 
!nce call$ a tale daunny 7i4e4          
oil-pot17 :i* may hold ne>ly a qu>t4    
,! dress ( a mosaul*y consi/s ( a       
turban1 g5]ally color$2 a  %ort pair (  
draw]s1 rea*+ half way d[n ! ?igh1 ne>ly
 ! same  z ! jangheeahs ( ! native      
soldi]y2 & a clo?1 wrapp$ r\nd  ! wai/4 
,b :]e ?is s]vant is at any "t employ$  
to wait at  table1 he imitates ! dress (
 ! kh$mutg>1 s f> z 8 pocket  may all[4 
,p]sons ( di/9ction1 among bo?          
,europeans & natives1  cause _!         
mosaul*ies to c>ry :at are call$        
bran*-lights4 ,^!  consi/ ( a           
semi-circul> frame ( iron1 support$ on a
 c5tre /em1 to  :i* ! side ribs jo92 ^u 
! circumf]5ce are five or sev5  spikes1 
on ea* ( :i* a small mosaul is /uck4 ,:5
 !y are all  light$1 & rais$ above !    
head1 by means ( ! /em1 !y make a  great
 %[4 ,commonly two1 or1 ev5tually1 ?ree 
bran*-lights1 may be  se5 prec$+ a great
 p]sonage1 int]mix$ ) 8 ret9ue3 two or  

m ord9>y mosauls1 or lant]ns1 are also  
c>ri$ ne> !  palanqu91 to prev5t ! be>]s
 f /umbl+4    ,! next ^u our li/ is !   
,hookah-burd>1 or prep>] ( ! pipe2  a   
dome/ic ( wondr\s consequ5ce ) _m       
g5tlem51 :o give  !mselves up1 almo/    
:olly1 to ! enjoym5t ( smok+4 ,"s beg9  
be=e !y h half breakfa/$2 :iff+ away1 ) 
little  int]mission1 till !y retire to  
re/3 ,i "k n ( any cu/om :i*  becomes s 
habitual6 ,x is inconceivable h[        
di/ress$ "s are1 9  consequ5ce ( _!     
hookahs n arriv+ 9 "t p>ticul>ly :5 on  
a m>*3 at su* mom5ts1 no?+ goes "r3     
hookah6 hookah6 hookah6  seem to be !   
?ree indisp5sables t[>ds happ9ess4 ,"s  
few may  plead 9 apology1 t1 )\t its    
aid1 !y w\ld be subject to an           
irregul>ity1 su* z r>ely fails to induce
 sev]e illness3 :5 ?is  is ! case1 we _c
 c5sure ! practice1 provid$ x be conf9$ 
to  t duration :i* may produce ! salut>y
 /imulus2 & :i*1 x is  obvi\s1 mu/ be r 
weak5$1 ?an aid$1 by ! subsequ5t use (  
smoke dur+ ! re/ ( ! day4 ,to s great an

 extreme is ?is  c>ri$1 t ,i h kn[n m   
?an "o in/ance ( two  hookah-burd>s be+ 
reta9$2 "o = ! day1 ! o!r = !  night4   
,:]e su* prevails1 x may be rationally  
conclud$ ! wages are  9 proportion3 9   
mo/ s]vices1 ^! may be f t51 to fifte51 
rupees p] mon?2 occasionally some:at    
less1 b r>ely exce$+2  except :]e       
excessive p>tiality = 8 pipe induces a  
g5tleman to  give m1 "u ! common error (
 expect+ satisfaction 9  proportion to !
 disbursem5t4 ,to su* an egregi\s excess
 has ?is  op9ion l$ "s p]sons1 t ,i h   
he>d ( no less ?an "o hundr$  rupees p] 
mon? hav+ be5 giv5 to a hookah-burd>4   
,yet1 _m  g5tlem51 suppos$ to be judges1
 7 unanim\s 9 decl>+1 t su*  high-pric$ 
prep>ations 7 v inf]ior to ! g5]ality ( 
^?  obta9$ at t mod]ate exp5ce usually  
incurr$ by p]sons cont5t+  !mselves )   
m$iocrity4    ,9 "s in/ances1 ! :ole    
exp5ce lies ) ! hookah-burd>1 :o        
receives su* a sum z may1 besides 8     
wages1 include tobacco1 gools1  7or     
fire-balls17 & *illums1 7or sockets =   

receiv+ ! t[ah1  or tile17 on :i* !     
prep>$ tobacco is appli$4 ,"s ev5       
provide  ! snakes1 or pliable           
conductors4    ,) respect to ! tobacco  
us$ = smok+1 #8tot hom9es1 tot  s5t5ti2'
 9 t p>ticul> few are to be f\nd ( !    
same op9ion3  & among ^? t are1 probably
 m ?an half are "u ! grosse/  deception4
 ,! little village ( ,bilsah1 9 !       
,mah>rattah c\ntry1 has  be5 long       
celebrat$1 & x %\ld seem n )\t reason1 =
 !  fragrance ( ! tobacco rais$ ar\nd x4
 ,b ! quantity ( tobacco  sold annually 
?r\gh\t ,b5gal1 :]e x produces f ?irty  
to sixty1  & ev5 eighty rupees p] maund1
 7if asc]ta9$ to be g5u9e17 is  kn[n to 
exce$1 full an hundr$ fold1 ! am\nt (   
any crop ev]  rais$ at ,bilsah4 ,!      
sub/itutes are v>i\s1 b "o k9d1 rais$ 9 
! ,bundelcund di/rict1 supplies ! great]
 portion2 _m1 inde$1  are ( op9ion t x  
is n inf]ior4 ,may n its excell5ce be   
ow+  to ! practice1 common 9 t qu>t]1 ( 
spr9kl+ ! plants at  h>ve/ "t ) a       
solution ( molasses8 ,we "k t _m fruits 

yield  b little ( _! flavor1 until      
excit$ by ! sac*>9e acid3 !  raspb]ry   
may s]ve to coroborate my position4 ,i h
 kn[n t v  *eap k9d ( tobacco1 !        
,cugg>eah1 :i* ord9>ily sells = ab\t    
f\r rupees p] maund1 7( #hb lb47 r5d]$ s
 mell[1 & s fragrant1  by be+ work$ up )
 molasses1 & kept 9 close vessels = "s  
mon?s1 z absolutely to be admir$ ev5 by 
p]sons :o prid$  !mselves on nev] smok+ 
any b ! true ,bilsah6    ,! usual mode (
 prep>+ tobacco = ! hookah1 is by fir/  
*opp+ x v small2 !n1 add+ ripe planta9s1
 molasses1 or raw  sug>1 toge!r ) "s    
c9namon1 & o!r aromatics2 keep+ !  mass1
 :i* resembles an electu>y1 9 close     
vessels4 ,:5 ab\t to be  us$1 x is aga9 
work$ up well2 "s1 at t "t1 add a little
  t9cture ( musk1 or a few gra9s ( t    
p]fume1 o!rs pref] p\r+  a solution ( x1
 or a little rose wat]1 d[n ! snake1 at 
!  mom5t ! hookah is introduc$3 9 ei!r  
case1 ! fragrance ( !  tobacco is       
effectually sup]c$$2 giv+ ample scope = 
!  hookah-burd> to s]ve up rank         

mundungus1 7z bad tobacco is  t]m$17 9  
lieu ( ! suppos$1 or p]haps ! real1     
,bilsah4    ,! hookah-burd> r>ely fails 
to smoke ( ! be/ 8 ma/] may at  any "t  
possess2 :i*1 h[ev] highly p]fum$1 w    
r>ely be /rong  en\gh = 8 gratification3
 ! defici5cy is suppli$ by !  admixture 
( bang2 a prep>ation f ! leaves ( !     
ganjah1 or  hemp1 7! cannabis sativus17 
& is extremely intoxicat+4 ,!  leaves ( 
t plant1 :5 triturat$ ) wat]1 compose a 
dr9k ( !  same t5d5cy1 kn[n by ! "n (   
subzy1 7i4e4 gre517 :i* is a  con/ant   
bev]age among ! m e/abli%$ s9n]s1 :o    
r>ely fail1  t[>ds nightfall1 to take an
 ample dose1 ( ei!r bang1 subzy1 or     
majoom3 ! latt] be+ sweetmeats          
impregnat$ ) a decoction (  ! ganjah1 or
 hemp plant1 mu* us$ by all debau*ees1 &
 too (t5  admitt$ )9 ! sacr$ area ( !   
z5anah1 7or h>am74 ,! use (  any        
prep>ation ( ! ganjah1 or hemp plant1 is
 att5d$ ) mu*  opprobrium3 l mo/        
intoxicat+ drugs & spirits1 !y1 9 ! fir/
  in/ance1 excite to gaiety1 b          

ultimately leave _! victim 9 !  mo/     
deplorable /ate ( /upefaction2 ! recov]y
 f :i* is  att5d$ ) dreadful heada*e1   
ill temp]1 & hypo*ondria4 ,"s           
hookah-burd>s indulge freely 9 ! use (  
musk1 :i* nev] fails1  aft] a :ile1 to  
produce consid]able d]angem5t ( ! n]ves2
 &1  n unfrequ5tly1 t complete debility 
:i* is ev] att5d$ ) !  greate/          
depressure ( spirits4    ,a v common    
species ( debau*]y1 9 :i* ,i h kn[n only
 "o or  two g5tlem5 to indulge1 is !    
incorporation ( opium ) !  prep>$       
tobacco1 previ\s to its be+ spread ^u ! 
t[ah2 a  cu/om s repugnant to           
discretion1 z to leave little room =    
animadv]sion1 ! folly be+ usually ( v   
%ort duration1 &1  int]m$iately1 att5d$ 
) ! mo/ abject degradation4 ,_m native  
pr9ces1 & o!rs1 :o h be5 hurl$ f _!     
?rones1 or f  (fices ( tru/1 are said to
 h be5 trea*]\sly ov]come by means  (   
opium ?us adm9i/]$3 x appe>s to me v    
practicable1 by su* a  device1 to lull a
 :ole gu>d to sleep2 = few c resi/ ! (f]

 (  a :iff :5 ! goorgoory 7a small k9d (
 hookah us$ by ! l[]  classes7 is pass+ 
r\nd4 ,among su* tra% z is g5]ally sold 
to !  poor1 :o c>e n mu* ab\t ! flavor1 
s long z !y c draw  abundance ( smoke1 !
 opium w\ld probably1 if at all ta/$1 r 
give a ze/1 ?an prove an objection1 to !
 indulg5ce4 ,x is ass]t$1  t if a       
capsicum be put among ! gools1 or be    
mix$ ) !  tobacco1 fatal consequ5ces w  
ensue2 an in/ant attack ( apoplexy  tak+
 place4 ,?is ,i h nev] kn[n to be done2 
!re=e am incapable  ( produc+ any       
te/imony1 "o way or ! o!r3 b x appe>s r 
d\btful :e!r any reason+1 or analogy1   
c\ld be adduc$ 9 support  ( ! ass]tion2 
! acrid /imulus w\ld1 9 all probability1
 be  dissipat$1 r5d]+ ! residue z in]t z
 any o!r raw cul9>y  vegetable4 ,admitt+
 x to be true1 t a capsicum c produce   
su* an  effect1 a v /rong argum5t aga9/ 
smok+ may be adduc$3 no man  w\ld1      
altoge!r1 reli% ! idea ( be+ s          
p]petually 9 ! p[]  ( a debau*ee1 :o    
might1 ei!r ?r\gh res5tm5t1 or by a     

small  bribe1 be induc$ to be/[ a       
quietus1 )\t ! possibility ( a          
discov]y4 ,9 su* case1 ! hookah-burd>   
w\ld h all !  advantages ( an inimical  
cook1 )\t ! dang] ( 8 n>cotic be+       
detect$4    ,h[ev] complicat$ ! hookah  
may appe>1 x is1 nev]!less1  extremely  
easy ( con/ruction4 ,i h be5 told1 t "o 
has be5 made  9 ,engl&2 & ,i h se5 a few
 9 use1 t 7 br\ght f ,b5gal4  ,!        
prep>ation ( ! tobacco ) apples1 9 lieu 
( planta9s1 is  equally simple &        
approv$4 ,! kaleaun1 or small k9d (     
hookah1  us$ on ! we/ coa/ ( ,india1 is 
c]ta9ly commodi\s3 x has a  l>g] bottom1
 9 g5]al1 ?an ! ,b5gal hookah2 ?\gh ,i h
 se5  "s v small1 ) beautiful imitations
 ( fl[]s1 & ( coral1  %ells1 c4 )9 !m4  
,"s ( ! real ,p]sian kaleauns exhibit   
consid]able +5uity1 &  ta/e1 on ! "p (  
_! manufactur]s4 ,9 ! c5tre ( !         
int]ior1 bun*es ( fl[]s1 beautifully    
color$1 f> too l>ge1 &  too delicate1 to
 h be5 introduc$ at ! emb\*ures ( !     
vessels1  may be se54 ,ov] ^!1 ! glass1 

:i* is r>ely ( ! be/ quality1  ?\gh f>  
sup]ior to any ,i h se5 ( ,h9do/anee    
=mation1 has  evid5tly be5 ca/1 or bl[n4
 ,_m ( ^! artificial b\quets are1       
h[ev]1 made piece-meal1 z ,i discov]$ by
 exam9+ _!  con/ruction1 aft] _! ext]ior
 cases _h be5 accid5tally brok53  su* 7 
f\nd to consi/ ( a cone ( ros9 firmly   
cem5t$ to !  bottom ( ! kaleaun1 by     
heat2 x appe>$ t ! sev]al leaves1       
bran*es1 fl[]s1 birds1 c4 7 introduc$ "o
 aft] ! o!r1 9 a  heat$ /ate1 & appli$  
to ! ros91 9 :i* !y buri$ !mselves      
suffici5tly to reta9 a firm hold4 ,i    
likewise asc]ta9$ t "s  models ( ,p]sian
 ar*itecture 7 comb9$ 9 ! same mann]2   
:ile1  on ! o!r h&1 o!rs1 especially    
small figures ( great p]sonages1  seat$ 
on ?rones1 elephants1 c4 7 nev] subject$
 to t device3  9 ! latt] in/ance1 "s    
grapes 71 h[ev]1 jo9$ 9 ! mann]  above  
describ$4    ,! goorgoory is a v small  
k9d ( hookah1 int5d$ to be  convey$ 9 a 
palanqu91 or to be c>ri$ ab\t a h\se2 ! 
p]son :o  smokes hold+ a vase-%ap$      

bottom by its neck1 & draw+ ?r\gh a     
/iff1 in/ead ( a pliant1 pipe1 =m$ ( a  
re$1 ar*$ into su* a  %ape z %\ld       
conduct its end conv5i5tly to ! m\?4 ,9 
?is1 !  pipe is r>ely m ?an a y>d 9     
l5g?3 x is an implem5t v  g5]ally us$ by
 ! middl+ classes ( natives2 &          
especially among  ! wom5 9 h>ams4    ,! 
n]iaul is no?+ m ?an a cocoa-nut1 ) !   
pipe-/em  ?ru/ ?r\gh a hole at its top1 
& a piece ( re$1 ab\t a cubit  long1    
appli$ to ano!r hole r l[] d[n4 ,!      
nut-%ell1 be+  half fill$ ) wat]1 ! air1
 or r ! smoke1 we might suppose  w\ld be
 cool$2 b1 f obs]vation1 ,i mu* d\bt    
:e!r any *ange  takes place 9 !         
temp]am5t ( ei!r4 ,^! little hookahs1   
7=1  h[ev] paltry1 _! own]s d n omit to 
give !m t designation17  are (t5 us$ )\t
 any re$ to conduct ! smoke2 ! lips be+1
 9  t case1 appli$ to ! small lat]al    
ap]ture into :i* ! re$  %\ld be fitt$4  
,"o ( ^! usually s]ves half a doz5 m51  
:o pass  x r\nd ) great glee3 x (t5 =ms 
an app5dage ab\t ! feet (  a palanqu91  

if ! opportunity (f]s = secur+ x !re1   
)\t  ma/]'s k4    ,! dress ( a          
hookah-burd>1 9 ! s]vice ( a g5tleman ( 
rank1  approa*es ne>ly to t ( a *obe-d>2
 a jamma be+ g5]ally  worn by su*1 b1 9 
m humble situations1 ! c\rtah ( a       
kh$mutg> is common4 ,9 ! =m] situation1 
8 (fice is conf9$  entirely to ! hookah2
 :ile1 9 ! latt]1 he is g5]ally expect$ 
to wait at table1 at lea/1 on occasion2 
b :]ev] ! ma/]1 (  :atev] rank1 may g1  
?i!r ! hookah-burd> is expect$ to       
proce$1 s z to furni% ! pipe 9 due      
season aft] d9n]1 or at any  o!r "t x   
may be requir$4 ,! ord9>y p]iods =      
smok+1 are1  aft] breakfa/1 aft] d9n]1  
aft] tea1 & aft] supp]3 su* may be      
deem$ regul>2 &1 if no m ?an two or ?ree
 *>ges are us$1 at  ea* "t1 are by no   
means consid]$ extraord9>y4 ,i h already
  /at$1 t "s g5tlem5 smoke day & night4 
,9 su* a climate1 wat] is1 dur+ f\r     
mon?s1 at lea/1 ! ma9  spr+ ( exi/5ce1  
bo? 9 ! animal1 & ! vegetable1 k+dom2   
consequ5tly1 its supply becomes a       

pr(ession1 giv+ bread to  ?\s&s4 ,!     
p]son (ficiat+ 9 ?is capacity1 if       
provid$ ) a  bullock = ! purpose (      
convey+ two l>ge lea!r bags1 ea*        
conta9+ ab\t tw5ty gallons1 is call$ a  
,puckaully2 b if he  c>ries ! wat]      
himself1 9 ! sk9 ( a goat1 prep>$ = t   
purpose1 he !n receives ! designation ( 
,bhee/y4 ,! bags = a  puckaully are made
 ( /rong hide1 sew$ v firmly at ! front1
  :i* is at "r angles ) ! bottom1 :]e ! 
lea!r d\bles1  &1 consequ5tly1 has no   
seam2 ! back "p1 is diagonal1 =m+ a  k9d
 ( sp\t beh9d1 opposite ! bullock's     
knee2 :ile ! top is left  op51 r 9 a    
funnel =m1 = ab\t a foot t ! wat] may be
  p\r$ 93 ! sp\t is fir/ roll$ up1 & !n 
ti$ ) a /rong  /rip ( lea!r4    ,e      
puckaully c>ries also a small bag1 t he 
may s]ve z an  ord9>y #8h&-bhee/y'1 :5  
requir$4 ,?is is made ( ! sk9 ( a  goat1
 tak5 (f 9 a p>ticul> mann]4 ,be+ put   
into a solution (  lime1 ! hair soon    
quits2 :5 ! inside fle%+s are c>efully  
scrap$ (f4 ,a tan is !n made ( ! b>k (  

baubool1 7mimosa71  khut1 7cate*u17 &   
alum4    ,bhee/ies are1 ) few           
exceptions1 ,mussulmans2 x be+ contr>y  
to  ! ,h9du code to t\* ei!r ! c>cases1 
or ! sk9s1 ( animals  kill$ 9 any way4  
,h5ce1 a ,h9du ( ?is pr(ession is       
extremely r>e1  & w seldom be discov]$2 
ow+ to ! necessity = *ange (  "n1 s z to
 pass = a ,mussulman4 ,h9dus w1         
nev]!less1 dr9k (  ! wat] suppli$ f !   
mussock1 7or bhee/y-bag72 ?\gh !y  are  
extremely p>tial to su* z !y c draw     
!mselves1 by means ( a  l9e & metal pot1
 ) :i* mo/ travell]s are provid$4 ,"s   
few  are1 to be sure1 extravagantly     
scrupul\s1 & w und]go excessive  ?ir/1 r
 ?an p>take ( ! bhee/y's supply4 ,du/1  
heat1 &  fatigue1 h[ev]1 r>ely fail1    
aft] a :ile1 to ov]come su* ill-tim$    
fa/idi\sness4 ,! puckaullies1 or1 z !y  
are usually call$1 !  bullock-bhee/ies1 
repl5i% _! bags by driv+ _! cattle into 
"s tank1 or pond1 up to _! knees1 or ev5
 deep]1 !n bal+ 9  ! wat]1 by means ( a 
small lea!r bucket1 hold+ ab\t two      

qu>ts1  or m4 ,! h&-bhee/y usually s9ks 
8 bag "u wat]1 :5 x  soon fills4 ,:5    
draw+ wat] f ! wells1 ! lea!r bucket1   
call$ a dole1 is us$ by bo? ! puckaully 
& ! h&-bhee/y4    ,! con/ant application
 ( a wet sk9 to ! cloa?s on ! hip1      
necess>ily disposes !m to rot3 on ?is   
acc\nt1 mo/ bhee/ies  provide !mselves )
 a piece ( clo?1 call$ k>wah1 :i*1 be+  
dy$ 9 gra9 ) a composition1 :]e( !      
solution ( %ell-lac  =ms a l>ge portion1
 resi/s ! effects ( ! moi/ure1 bett] ?an
  any o!r sub/ance 9 use = app>el4 ,!   
wages ( a h&-bhee/y1  may be f f\r to   
five rupees1 accord+ to ! agreem5t1 :e!r
 he  is to furni% 8 own mussock1 c4 :i* 
is ! g5]al mode4 ,8  duty1 dur+ ! cold  
season1 & 9 ! ra9s1 is m]e pa/ime2 he   
has  !n b little to d beyond ! supply ( 
wat] to horses1 & fill+  a few pots =   
cul9>y purposes1 ba?+1 dr9k+1 c4 all (  
:i*  might be done 9 half an h\r4 ,b 9 !
 summ] mon?s1 8 labors are  sev]e4      
,exclusive ( ! above requisitions1 :i*  
are multipli$  t5-fold1 he has to wat] !

 tatties1 7or frames fill$ ) grass17    
appli$ to ! w9dw>d side ( e h\se1 = !   
purpose ( cool+  ! air2 at t season n   
only uncom=tably hot1 b absolutely  p>*+
 ! sk9 ( a p]son n habituat$ to its     
influ5ce4 ,by  day-break ! bhee/y mu/   
beg9 to fill ! sev]al tubs1 or imm5se   
nauds1 7pans7 ( e>!n-w>e1 plac$ ne> !   
h\se2 ?is be+ done1  he br+s ! tatties1 
& aft] wett+ ea* ?or\ghly1 z x lays  on 
! gr\nd1 places x aga9/ its respective  
ap]ture1 support+ x  ) props1 &1 dur+ ! 
:ole day1 inde$ (t5 till mid-night1     
spr9kl+ x 9 e "p2 occasionally repl5i%+ 
! vessels1 z  _! cont5ts may be exp5d$4 
,?\gh x _c be said to occur (t51  yet1 9
 "s v dry seasons1 x has be5 f\nd       
necess>y to cont9ue  ! bhee/ies at _!   
labor dur+ ! :ole night4 ,i recollect an
  in/ance1 9 ! ye> #agic1 :5 ! w9ds 71  
if any ?+1 hott] at  night ?an 9 ! day  
"t2 r5d]+ x absolutely necess>y to keep 
! tatties up = a full week1 or m2 &     
dem&+ additional  bhee/ies1 :o p]=m$ !  
night duty4    ,all ! h\ses 9 ,india are

 t>ras$1 n only on ! basem5ts1 b on  e  
floor2 !re=e1 previ\s to sweep+1 !      
bhee/y spr9kles  ! t>ras slightly2 !reby
 prev5t+ ! du/ f ris+ :5 !  sweep] p]=ms
 8 "p4 ,he likewise wat]s ! prec9cts ( !
  h\se1 sev]al times daily1 b especially
 t[>ds sun-set1 :5  g5tlem5 usually take
 _! tea 9 ! op5 air4 ,if go+ any        
di/ance1  p]haps two or ?ree miles1 9 _!
 palanqu9s1 dur+ ! preval5ce  ( ! hot   
w9ds1 x is common = p]sons (            
respectability to be  accompani$ by _!  
bhee/ies1 :o c>ry a small quantity (    
wat] 9  _! mussocks2 !re) spr9kl+ !     
tatties appli$ to !  sides ( ! vehicle2 
! int]ior1 :i* b = ?is w\ld be          
insuff]ably hot1 is !reby r5d]$ fre% &  
cool4 ,^? :o d n  take bhee/ies ) !m1 h 
_! gutta-topes1 7or palanqu9  cov]s17   
:i* are ord9>ily made ( ! k>wah be=e    
describ$1  well soak$ 9 wat] be=e !y set
 out3 ?is1 ?\gh n s effectual  z ! =ego+
 mode1 is no bad sub/itute4    ,wat]1 :5
 da%$ out f ! end ( a mussock1 or       
bhee/y-bag1  w\ld be apt to p5etrate    

into ! int]ior ( a palanqu92 & z its    
exp5diture1 :ile proce$+ any di/ance1   
%\ld be economically  manag$1 a v simple
 device is 9 use1 :i* effectually answ]s
 e  purpose2 namely1 ! introduction ( a 
small rose-head1 simil> to ^?  affix$ to
 ! sp\ts ( g>d5 wat]+-pots1 :i* be+     
firmly  secur$ )9 ! neck ( ! mussock1 by
 means ( ! lea!r ?rong  always atta*$ to
 t "p1 divides ! wat] m m9utely1 &      
*ecks its too abundant supply2 at ! same
 "t t x causes !  di/ribution to be m   
g5]al & equal4    ,tatties are made ( ! 
roots ( t long grass ( :i* mo/ ( !      
jungles 9 ,india consi/1 & :i*          
correspond exactly ) ! ,gu9ea  grass1   
once s ridicul\sly s5t to ! ,ea/ z a    
great acquisition2 !  fibres are ( a    
ru/y br[n color1 devi\s 9 _! direction1 
& may  be f t5 to tw5ty in*es 9 l5g?3 we
 see among u cloa?s bru%es1  & c>pet    
brooms1 made ( x4 ,! ,h9do/anee "n is   
kuss-kuss1 &  ! g5]al price may be ab\t 
f\r rupees p] maund1 7( #hb lb74    ,!  
frame1 9 :i* ?is mat]ial is to be       

enclos$1 is made ( split  bamboo1 *equ]$
 into squ>es1 ( ab\t f\r in*es ea* way1 
& 9  ! :ole suffici5tly ext5sive to     
ov]lap ! ext]ior ( ! door1 or  w9d[1 to 
:i* x is to be appli$1 at lea/ six      
in*es1 or p]haps1 a  foot1 at ! sides & 
above4 ,! kuss-kuss is !n plac$ v       
regul>ly on ! bamboo frame1 z x lies on 
! gr\nd1 9 ! same  mann] z tiles2 ea*   
lay] be+ b\nd d[n1 "u a ?9 slip (       
bamboo1 ext5d+ ! full bread? ( ! tatty4 
,! great art is to  make ! tatty nei!r  
too ?ick1 :i* w\ld exclude ! w9d2 nor   
too ?91 z x w\ld !n let ! du/ pass      
?r\gh1 )\t r5d]+  ! int]ior suffici5tly 
cool4 ,i f\nd1 aft] mu* exp]im5t1 t a   
maund ( kuss-kuss1 appli$ s z to cov]   
ab\t a hundr$ squ>e  feet1 answ]$       
extremely well4 ,b x is be/ to h "o or  
two  tatties made r ?92 s z to apply 9  
case ( light w9ds3 :5  x bl[s h>d1 ^!   
may be appli$ d\ble2 "o at ! back ( !   
o!r4 ,at su* times1 ! int]ior ( a h\se w
 be v cool2  sometimes r too mu* s2 = ! 
great evaporation caus$ by !  heat$     

air's passage ?r\gh ! cold m$ium1       
produces p]fect  refrig]ation4    ,9 !  
we/]n prov9ces1 & o!r p>ts ( ,india1    
tatties are  frequ5tly made ( a %ort1   
prickly bu%1 t ?rives dur+ !  hotte/    
mon?s on s&y pla9s1 especially 9 places 
inundat$ dur+  ! ra9y season4 ,?is %rub 
is call$1 jewassah2 its leaves are n    
unlike1 b n s num]\s1 nor ( s deep a    
gre51 z ^? ( rue4 ,x  is extremely      
prickly1 be+ e :]e furni%$ ) sp9es ab\t 
!  size ( a p94 ,:5 fre%1 ! jewassah is 
mo/ pleas+ to ! eye1  & its sc5t is     
equally agreeable2 b1 aft] ! fir/ day1  
its  v]dure disappe>s1 & ! :ole h\se is 
fill$ ) its leaves1 &  its ?orns4 ,h5ce1
 ! kuss-kuss1 :i*1 :5 fre%1 is r        
fragrant1 ?\gh ! sc5t is some:at        
t]race\s1 is usually pref]r$  9 mak+ ^? 
tatties :i* roll up1 s z to be          
p>ticul>ly  applicable to palanqu9s1 &  
are call$ *eeks2 :]e9 no?+ b  kuss-kuss 
is ev] employ$3 :]e ?is root _c be      
procur$1 or  :5 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! hot     
season1 little has come to m>ket1       

common grass1 p>$ f ! soil1 or ev5 small
 b\ghs1 /raw1 c4 are  occasionally us$  
to fill betwe5 two frames ( bamboo3 !y  
answ]  tol]ably :5 well wat]$2 b1 on    
acc\nt ( _! disposition to  rot1 soon   
become objectionable3 kuss-kuss w keep =
 ye>s4    ,v few puckaullies1 or        
bullock-bhee/ies1 are reta9$ 9 !  s]vice
 ( individuals2 su* are usually atta*$  
to ! e/abli%m5ts  ( b>rack-ma/]s1 &     
qu>t]-ma/]s4 ,!y answ] admirably = !    
supply ( wat] at ! soldi]s' qu>t]s1 & at
 ! hospitals2 to  :i* tatties are all[$1
 at ! public exp5ce1 dur+ ! hot  season4
 ,9 mo/ cases1 ! bullocks t c>ry ! wat]1
 z well z !  lea!r bags1 app]ta9 to !   
e/abli%m5t1 & ! driv] receives  only !  
pay ( a h&-bhee/y2 :]e he supplies !    
:ole1 8 pay  is f t5 to twelve rupees p]
 mon?4    ,! ,baba*y1 or cook1 is a     
s]vant :o may fairly claim v            
consid]able approbation1 s9ce he prep>es
 mo/ sumptu\s d9n]s1  al?\gh he nev]    
ta/es any ( ! vi&s :ile 9 a /ate (      
prep>ation2 & is1 besides1 (t5 put to 8 

wits to gu>d aga9/ !  jo9t attacks (    
du/1 w9d1 ra91 sun1 & birds ( prey4 ,9 a
 regul>1  settl$ family1 x is true he   
may h e conv5i5ce af=d$ him2  su* z a   
sub/antial & spaci\s kit*51 ) fire-place
 accord+ to  ! ,indian /yle2 a range (  
/oves1 a scull]y1 app>atus ( all sorts1 
c4 c4 ,b :5 on a m>*1 ! case is widely  
diff]5t2 he mu/ !n  turn to ) 8 mattock1
 & dig a numb] ( holes1 to receive 8    
fuel2 :i* is usually gre5 wood1 or dri$ 
c[-dung2 he mu/ make  *oolahs1 or fire  
places1 by plac+ ?ree lumps ( e>?1      
knead$  into a /iff pa/e1 = ea* *oolah1 
s z to support ! boil] x  is to receive2
 he mu/ burn 8 wood to emb]s1 ov] :i* 8 
meat is  to be roa/$1 by means ( a small
 spit2 p]haps made ( slit bamboo1  b if 
( iron1 ) a crank at "o end1 :]eby to   
turn x1 z x re/s  ^u two dogs1 or iron  
spikes1 driv5 into ! gr\nd1 a few feet  
asund]2 he mu/1 9 all probability1 kill 
& flay a kid1 or two or  ?ree f[ls2 "s =
 curry1 o!rs = roa/+1 c42 &1 p]haps1    
aft] all1 he may h to turn ! spit       

himself2 occasionally look+ to  !       
cont5ts ( ! sev]al boil]s1 c4    ,! fix$
 roa/+ place 9 a p]man5t kit*5 is       
g5]ally made ( two  incl9$ b>s ( iron1  
ab\t f\r or five feet 9 l5g?1 set slop+ 
aga9/ a wall1 at an angle ( p]haps =ty  
degrees4 ,ea* ( ^! b>s  is furni%$ )    
eight or t5 hooks1 9 any suitable pair (
 :i* !  spit is turn$ by a boy3 ! spaces
 "u !m1 t is to say1 !  triangle on ea* 
side1 are fill$ ) masonry1 s t ! heat   
may be  reta9$1 & ! emb]s be kept )9    
c]ta9 b\nds4    ,= roa/+ 9 ?is mann]1 ! 
emb]s are divid$ l5g?wise1 leav+  a     
vacancy1 or k9d ( tr\gh1 "u ! l9e ( !   
spit1 :]e9 a  metal platt] is sometimes 
set1 to receive ! dripp+1 :i* is        
return$ to ! meat by a bun* ( fea!rs1   
7g5]ally ^? f !  w+s ( ! f[ls j kill$17 
ti$ to ! end ( a %ort /ick4 ,?is  little
 neat1 cleanly1 & *eap dripp+-ladle1    
answ]s admirably2 x  be+ 9 ! p[] ( !    
baba*y to ba/e any "p ) great           
precision4 ,i "k n any ?+ 9 ! cul9>y    
way1 t proves m  uncom=table to delicate

 /oma*s ?an ! sight ( ?is "p ( !        
process2 unless x be ! v common practice
 ( prep>+ toa/1 by  means ( melt$ butt] 
laid on ei!r ) ! above implem5t1 or )  a
 piece ( old rag6 ,z = /ra9+ s\p1 c4    
?r\gh dirty cl\ts1  t is consid]$ z a   
matt] ( c\rse2 !re=e1 aft] a full       
conviction t x is s1 & t ! s\p is well  
flavor$1 v few  exceptions are made4    
,not)/&+ su* unpicturesque op]ations1 ! 
d9n]1 :5  br\ght to table1 looks well1 &
 ta/es well3 appetite1 at t "t1         
sup]s$es da9t9ess1 & prev5ts !          
imag9ation f travell+ back  to ! kit*52 
?\gh1 to be sure1 ! numb] ( flies at    
times f\nd  9 ! sauces1 w occasion a    
disposition to enquire h[ !y got  !re1 &
 :5ce !y came6 ,^! obnoxi\s visitors    
r>ely fail to  visit ! purlieus ( !     
bala*y's camp2 :]e !y assemble 9  sw>ms2
 n only cov]+ ! g>bage1 :i* usually lies
 b a few  paces di/ant1 b settl+ on !   
meat1 or visit+ ! /ew-pots1 c4  :]e !y  
are ov]come by ! heat1 or fix$ by !     
dripp+1 c4 ,flies  may1 h[ev]1 be pick$ 

out2 b ^? %oals ( du/ t skim dur+  !    
middle ( ! day1 (t5 r5d] ! :ole d9n]    
absolutely  unacceptable4 ,i h be5 9    
situations :]e1 al?\gh a l>ge table     
clo? 0 spread ov] ! knives1 =ks1 c4 z   
laid = d9n]1 !re  has be5 collect$ ne> a
 p\nd ( s& und]nea?2 :ile ! upp]  clo? 0
 really cov]$ full a qu>t] ( an in* 9   
dep?3 ^? :o  h be5 /ation$ at ,luckn[1  
dur+ ! hot season1 _c b  confirm my     
ass]tion4 ,?is nev] c be altoge!r       
obviat$ 9 moveable  camps2 b1 :5 fix$ = 
a :ile1 x is usual to set up mats1 or   
konauts1 7:i* are walls ( clo?1 kept    
upright by ropes & /icks17  on ! w9dw>d 
side2 :]eby ! inconv5i5ce may be        
consid]ably  less5$3 b sometimes a      
b'hoot1 or :irlw9d1 comes sudd5ly1 &  n 
only be-grits ! :ole ( ! cook]y1 b :isks
 away ! f5ces1  emb]s1 c4 9 an in/ant6  
,! boil]s 9 g5]al are made 9 ! c\ntry1 (
 copp]1 t9n$2 9  %ape n unlike ! common 
ca/-iron pots us$ ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?1  )\t 
feet1 & ) ! addition ( a flat rim       
project+ ab\t an  in* outw>d1 s]v+ bo?  

to /eady a k9d ( inv]t$ lid1 &1 z  !y h 
no h&les1 = ! baba*y to apply two wet   
rags1 :]e)  to put ! vessel (f1 & on1 ! 
*oolah4 ,t9n+ is p]=m$ by  p]sons :o    
make a livelihood !reby2 !y receiv+ a   
c]ta9 sum1  f "o to two rupees p] score1
 = ! sev]al pieces1 c\nt+  boil]s1 lids1
 c41 accord+ to _! size4 ,! kully-ghur1 
or  t9man1 uses b few ut5sils2 he has ! 
vessels well sc\r$1 &  !n1 by means (   
p[d]$ ros91 gives ! int]ior a coat+1    
sc>cely  di/+ui%able to ! sight1 or t\*4
 ,"s use no ros92 o!rs employ  borax2 b1
 :atev] ! m$ium may be1 or :e!r !re be  
none1 !  vessel is heat$ suffici5tly1 & 
equally1 ov] emb]s1 :5 ! t91  be+       
?or\ghly melt$1 is kept rubb+ r\nd !    
int]ior1 ) a  l>ge piece ( f9e cotton   
wool1 s long z any w adh]e3 ! vessel  is
 !n set to cool4    ,x _c require po9t+ 
out1 t ! above mode is reta9$ 9 vogue   
entirely by ! *eapness1 & exp$ition1 )  
:i* x is done2 7  x o!rwise1 its want ( 
durability1 c\ld n fail to give !       
pref]5ce to "s m p]man5t1 & less        

soluble1 prep>ation4 ,b x  happ5s1 t    
t9n+ c be p]=m$ 9 almo/ e t[n2 &1 t  !re
 is r>ely occasion to h rec\rse !reto m 
?an once 9 two  or ?ree mon?s2 :5 a     
score1 ( good siz$ pieces1 may be done =
 z  little money z w\ld be *>g$1 by "o (
 our artizans1 = t9n+ a  v mod]ate-siz$ 
kettle4 ,"s g5tlem5 use t9 boil]s1 s5t f
  ?is c\ntry2 b1 ?\gh c]ta9ly devoid ( !
 inconv5i5ce1 &  dang]1 att5dant ^u a   
want ( t9n+1 su* are highly             
objectionable1  9 consequ5ce ( _! be+ s 
soon burnt ?r\gh1 or ru/$1 :5  laid by3 
not)/&+ ! g5]ality ( baba*ies adopt !   
precaution ( sme>+ ! bottoms ( mo/      
vessels1 b ( ^! 9  p>ticul>1 ) f9e clay1
 suffici5tly dilut$ to be laid on ?9 &  
smoo?4 ,our cooks at home might1 p]haps1
 n d amiss1 7 !y to  adopt t excell5t   
plan4    ,! baba*y has no?+ *>act]i/ic 9
 8 app>el2 he is g5]ally  m ( a slov5   
?an ( a beau1 & may (t5 be mi/ak5 = a   
mosaul*y4 ,9 "s families1 mates1 or     
assi/ants1 are all[$1 :o  d ! drudg]y1 &
 ^: pay is (t5 includ$ 9 t ( 8  sup]ior2

 9 :i* case1 f\r rupees are ! common    
all[ance1 ?\gh  ! poor mate seldom      
receives m ?an half t sum2 ! cook-major 
add+ ! residue1 z a p]quisite1 to 8 own 
wages1 :i* may be  /at$ at f six to     
twelve rupees1 accord+ to ability4 ,z 9 
!  case ( kansamahs1 & hookah-burd>s1 a 
few in/ances may be  adduc$ ( exorbitant
 sal>ies2 b we may g5]ally take ! s+le  
cook at eight rupees1 & ! mate at f\r4  
,:]e !re is mu* "w1 z  9 tav]ns1 c41 f  
fifte5 to tw5ty rupees are sometimes    
giv5  mon?ly to ! head baba*y4    ,!    
,durzy1 or tailor1 h[ev] /range x may   
appe> to ^? :o nev]  left ,engl&1 is an 
indisp5sable dome/ic 9 e "p ( ,india4 ,x
 is  to be recollect$1 t all su* bran*es
 ( s]vitude are !re fill$  by males2    
except = ! z5anah1 or h>am1 :]e !re may 
be f  two to f\r females2 all           
exclusively atta*$ to ! lady4 ,^! "k    
no?+ ( ne$le-"w2 n s mu* z to enable _! 
hemm+ a  petticoat4 ,"u su*             
circum/ances1 ! only alt]native is to   
employ a  semp/]1 :o und]/&s cutt+ out1 

& mak+1 wai/coats1  small-cloa?s1       
pantaloons1 %irts1 c43 _m1 inde$1 c make
 a v  tol]able coat1 if furni%$ ) a     
patt]n4 ,! durzy is inv>iably  expect$  
to be pr(ici5t 9 :atev] relates to !    
app>el ( native  wom51 z well z to be a 
compet5t judge ( ! value ( diff]5t  k9ds
 ( clo?s made 9 ! c\ntry2 nor is x less 
necess>y1 t he  %\ld "k ! exact quantity
 ( mat]ials requisite = ! sev]al  p>ts (
 dress4 ,all ?is sci5ce is to be _h1 at 
! av]age rate (  sev5 or eight rupees   
mon?ly2 ! durzy f9d+ 8 own ne$les &     
?reads4 ,durzies capable ( mak+ g[ns1 c4
 = ,european ladies1  be+ sc>ce1 &1 z ,i
 h said 9 speak+ ( kansamahs1 mu* 9     
reque/1 d\ble ! latt] sum may always be 
e>n$ by "o ( mod]ate  skill 9 t bran*4  
,! inf]ior class ( durzies1 call$       
keemah-dozes1 :o d no f9e "w1 b         
pr9cipally are employ$ 9  t5t-mak+1     
r>ely e>n m ?an f\r rupees mon?ly3 or1  
if paid by  ! day1 n m ?an ?ree & a     
half4    ,! v>i\s pretexts "u :i* !     
durzy obta9s admission into !  z5anah1  

add$ to ! con/ancy ( 8 att5dance at !   
h\se1 unless  :5 any pur*ase is to be   
made1 gives him an admirable opportunity
 =  c>ry+ on intrigue2 = :i* ! :ole     
tribe are notori\s3 h5ce1 if  any cause 
( suspicion appe>s1 ! durzy is ! fir/   
object (  jeal\sy2 :5 x g5]ally turns   
out1 t1 if n ! pr9cipal1 he is          
access>y1 z a g-betwe54    ,z a tailor  
is imm$iately di/+ui%$ among u1 s is !  
durzy 9  ,india in/antly asc]ta9$ by 8  
gait4 ,"s are p]sonable m51 b  spe$ily  
become emaciat$ by debau*]y2 9 :i* _!   
lib]al wages  enable !m to indulge4 ,yet
 !y are1 on ! :ole1 excell5t workm52    
f9i%+ app>el ( all sorts 9 a rem>kably  
neat mann]1 & (t5  fitt+ ) great        
exactness3 b !y are devoid ( inv5tion2  
mo/ly  foll[+ old patt]ns1 & r>ely      
sugge/+ ! smalle/ improvem5t4  ,! dress 
( a durzy mu* resembles t ( a kh$mutg>2 
b1 9  ! hot season1 ! =m] we> no        
coortahs1 be+ b>e f ! wai/  upw>ds2     
sometimes sub/itut+ a small cap1 7worn  
only by ,mussulmans17  = ! turban1 :i*  

is usually compact & neat4    ,! ,doby1 
or wa%]man1 is also exclusively a       
dome/ic1 wa%+ =  only "o family2 by :i* 
x %\ld be und]/ood1 t1 n only 8  ma/]'s 
l95 ( e description1 b ! z5anah app>el  
is giv5  to him to wa%1 & to iron4      
,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! latt] op]ation is  
p]=m$ by an ,i/ree-wallah1 or iron]2 yet
 ?is is r>e2 only  tak+ place 9 v l>ge  
families1 or 9 l>ge t[ns1 su* z         
,calcutta1 ,madras1 c4 :]e proximity (  
resid5ce r5d]s su* a resort  conv5i5t3  
none b box irons are us$2 & ( ^! a l>ge 
portion  are heat$ by means ( emb]s %ut 
up 9 _! cavities4 ,! doby :o  wa%es = a 
s+le g5tleman1 w sometimes1 at ! risk ( 
sev]e  puni%m5t1 or ( be+ dis*>g$1 take 
! l95 ( l[ ,europeans1 or  ,portugueze1 
9 h& cl&e/9ely3 _m h1 inde$1 be5 detect$
 9  lett+ out ! l95 giv5 to _! *>ge4    
,h5ce1 x is ne$ful to  keep a wat* ov]  
^! folks1 :o commonly take all ! f\l    
articles  e week1 br++ home at t "t :at 
!y receiv$ at ! =m]  deliv]y4 ,! wages  
v>y accord+ to ! labor2 b f six to t5   

rupees may be tak5 z ! /&>d2 ! doby f9d+
 soap1 & e  "p ( ! app>atus1 )\t any    
dem& ^u1 or ref]5ce to1 8  employ]4 ,:5 
an ,european lady is 9 ! family1 "s     
encrease mu/ be  made to ! pay1 on      
acc\nt ( ! great additional labor2 no?+ 
b  :ite be+ worn at any "t4 ,9 su* case1
 x is f\nd exp$i5t to  h a small ap>tm5t
 appropriat$1 9 :i* ! f9] articles may  
be  got up by ! lady's maid4    ,! usual
 process ( wa%+ 9 ,india1 is1 fir/ to   
boil all ! cloa?s  9 a l>ge e>!n naud1  
mix+ pl5ty ( soap1 or ley1 or sudjee1   
7fossile alkali17 or wood-a%es1 ) !     
wat]4 ,?is op]ation is  call$ ! butteah2
 ! cloa?s are !n well r9s$1 ei!r 9 a    
l>ge tank1 or 9 a runn+ /ream1 :5 !y are
 aga9 rubb$ )  soap1 & laid 9 a heap to 
soak4 ,aft] a few h\rs !y are wa%$      
aga91 &1 be+ fold$ up into :isps1 or    
bundles1 ( a conv5i5t  size1 are beat5  
=cibly on a bo>d1 cut into deep         
transv]se grooves1  & plac$ aslant 9 !  
wat]2 9 :i* ! doby /&s imm]s$ up  to 8  
knees4 ,aft] da%+ ea* bundle sev]al     

times on ! bo>d1 he  op5s & r9ses x 9 ! 
wat]2 repeat+ ! da%+1 z ?\gh he  7 beat+
 ! bo>d ) a flail1 until e "p ( ! l95   
appe>s to be duly cleans$4 ,if a bo>d is
 n at h&1 7?\gh e  doby has at lea/ "o1 
( ab\t f\r feet long1 two broad1 & f\r  
in*es ?ick1 ) a /\t /ick :]e) a prop x17
 any smoo? /one  is made to answ]4 ,x   
%\ld seem1 t ?is mu/ be a mo/ de/ructive
  me?od2 b exp]i5ce proves1 t ! f9e     
calicoes ( ,india w1  ev5 "u su*        
app>5tly r\gh usage1 we> long] ?an our  
/\t  l95s wa%$ 9 tubs1 c4    ,e doby has
 8 dry+ l9es1 :i* are fix$ at ea* end to
 p9s  driv5 into ! gr\nd1 & !n su/a9$ by
 cross-/icks1 on ! =ks  ( :i* ! ropes   
re/4 ,9 ! ra9y season1 ! cloa?s are hung
  some:]e "u %elt]1 :]e !y soon dry2    
?\gh n s quick z 9  ! summ] mon?s2 dur+ 
:i* ! heavie/ articles may be dri$ 9 a  
few m9utes4 ,! doby's wife1 7call$ !    
dob917 usually assi/s 9  e "p ( !       
process2 z d also su* ( 8 *ildr5 z are (
 an  age to be useful4 ,?is sect is v   
peculi> 9 _m in/ances1 x1 &  t ( !      

com>s1 or pott]s1 be+ ! only two        
privileg$ to ride1  or ev5 to c>ry      
bur!ns1 ^u asses1 )\t suff]+ ! mo/      
ignom9i\s degradation3 h5ce1 ^? animals 
are jocul>ly t]m$1  'dobies's palfreys4'
 ,! dress ( ! doby is g5]ally v pla91   
consi/+ ( a turban1 a dotee1 7or        
wai/-clo?17 & a *udd]1  7or %eet17 worn 
loosely ov] ! body 9 cold wea!r4 ,:5    
dobies  are at "w1 _! lungs aspirate    
/rongly1 l ^? ( paviors2 :i*  produces a
 v s+ul> effect2 especially if1 z is v  
(t5 !  case1 sev]al ( ^! bo>d-?ra%]s are
 assembl$ at ! same piece  ( wat]4      
,dobies are v g5]ally ,h9dus2 & ought1  
agreeably to ! ord9>y  t5ets ( t        
religion1 to refra9 f t\*+ any animal   
sub/ance1  except lea!r1 :5 us$ 9 !     
con/ruction ( %oes1 & implem5ts  ( w>2 b
 a p>ticul> exception is made 9 favor ( 
?is ca/1 7or  sect17 :o c\ld n o!rwise  
use soap1 :5 made ( suet2 ?\gh1 by  f> !
 great] portion ( t made 9 ,h9du/an1 is 
manufactur$ )  oil express$ f ! sesamum4
    ,:5 on a m>*1 ! doby 9 ea*          

g5tleman's s]vice loads 8  cloa?s1 wet  
or dry1 ^u 8 camels1 bullocks1 c>t1 c43 
! s]vant's  own app>atus be+ convey$ on 
a donkey2 :i*1 9 g5]al1 is  tol]ably    
well bur!n$ ) ! wife1 or "s "y *ildr51 !
  wa%+-bo>d1 its prop1 ! dry+ l9es1 !   
/icks1 box irons1 c4  c42 =m+1 9 ! :ole1
 an abundant accumulation ( moveables = 
s  small an animal z an ,h9do/anee      
jack-ass2 :i* is seldom to be se5  half 
! size ( ! common bre$ we h 9 ,engl&4   
,a ,moh\t is a p]son employ$ to fe$1 &  
to drive1 an elephant3 mo/  ( ?is       
pr(ession are ,mussulmans1 & v dissipat$
 9 _! conduct4  ,except at p>ticul>     
p]iods1 on a long m>* = in/ance1 ! moh\t
  has little to d2 all ! drudg]y t      
relates to br++ 9 fodd] on  ! elephant1 
= its own use1 z well z tak+ ! animal to
 wat]1  rubb+ x d[n1 oil+ its =ehead1   
pa9t+ its *eeks )  v]milion1 or ) o*re1 
putt+ on ! pads1 cle>+ away ! dung1  ) a
 v>iety ( su* matt]s1 be+ 9 g5]al done  
by ! mate1 or  deputy1 :o is (t5 no?+ m 
?an a cooly1 or common labor]1  employ$ 

= ?is especial bus9ess1 b :o ultimately 
succe$s to !  *>ge ( an elephant4       
,moh\ts receive f ?ree to six rupees    
mon?ly3 ! l[e/ rates ( wages be+ conf9$ 
to ^? c\ntries  :]e elephants are       
caught2 & ! highe/ atta9able only 9 !   
s]vice ( g5tlem5 ( rank2 :o require ?is1
 z well z all o!r (  _! dome/ics1 to    
dress m correctly ?an su* z app]ta9 to  
p]sons 9 less opul5t1 or less dignifi$1 
circum/ances4    ,! duty ( a moh\t1 :5  
actively employ$1 is to sit ^u ! neck  (
 8 elephant1 b>e-foot$1 & furni%$ ) an  
in/rum5t1 call$ a  haunkus1 7or driv]17 
:]e) to guide ! animal4 ,?is is commonly
  ab\t tw5ty1 or p]haps tw5ty-f\r in*es 
9 l5g?1 g5]ally made (  iron1 ?\gh "s h 
wood5 hafts2 ! tip is po9t$1 &1 ab\t six
  in*es bel[ x1 is a hook1 weld$ on to !
 /em1 =m+ ne>ly a  semi-circle1 ^:      
diamet] may be f\r or five in*es4 ,at ! 
butt (  ! %aft1 a r+ is let ?r\gh1 = !  
purpose ( fa/5+ !  haunkus to a l9e2 !  
o!r end ( :i* is fa/5$ to "s s(t  cord1 
ab\t half an in* 9 diamet]1 pass+ v     

loosely eight1 or  t51 times r\nd !     
elephant's neck1 & s]v+1 9 lieu (       
/irrups1  to keep ! moh\t f fall+ ov] to
 ! "r or left1 on any  sudd5 motion1 z  
well z to reta9 8 feet 9 _! due         
direction4    ,:5 ! elephant is to be   
urg$ =w>d1 ! po9t ( ! haunkus is  press$
 into ! back ( 8 head1 :ile ! moh\t's   
toes press "u  bo? ! animal's e>s3 :5 x 
is to be /opp$1 ! moh\t places  ! hook  
"p aga9/ ! elephant's =ehead2 &1 ?r[+ 8 
weight  back1 occasions consid]able pa91
 :i* soon induces to ob$i5ce3 :5  x is  
to turn to ! left1 ! moh\t presses !    
toes ( 8 "r  foot "u ! "r e> ( !        
elephant1 at ! same "t goad+ him  ab\t !
 tip ( ! "r e>2 !reby caus+ ! animal to 
turn its  head1 & to *ange its          
direction3 to turn to ! "r1 vice v]s4   
,:5 ! elephant is to lie d[n1 9 ord] to 
be lad51 ! haunkus is  press$           
p]p5dicul>ly ^u ! cr[n ( ! head3 b mo/  
elephants1  aft] a ye> or two1 become v 
well acqua9t$ ) ! words (  comm&2 obey+ 
!m readily1 )\t be+ m\nt$1 or ev5       

approa*$4    ,ea* mate1 or cooly1 is    
g5]ally provid$ ) a cutt+ bill1  call$ a
 d'h[1 = ! purpose ( lopp+ (f ! less]   
bran*es (  b>ghuts1 peepuls1 & o!r      
trees1 9 common use z fodd]4 ,an        
elephant w usually c>ry z mu* ( ^! on 8 
back1 z he c  consume 9 two days2 b x is
 n cu/om>y to load m ?an w la/  = "o    
day1 :5 on a m>*2 z x w\ld be sup]flu\s4
 ,b\ghs1 z  ?ick z a man's arm1 are v   
easily *ew$ by ?is /up5d\s animal2  :i* 
(t5 uses "o1 ( full a hundr$ weight1 to 
drive ! flies f  its body4    ,besides !
 d'h[1 ea* mate is furni%$ ) a spe>1    
ab\t six or  sev5 feet 9 l5g?1 hav+ a   
long pyramidal blade1 ornam5t$ at its   
po9t ) a tassel1 & arm$ at its o!r      
extremity ) a blunt]'s  pike3 ! =m] is  
us$ to urge ! animal to ex]tion1 ! mate 
goad+ 8 h9d qu>t]s2 ! latt] s]ves to    
/ick ! implem5t  upright 9 ! gr\nd1 or  
to press ^u ! elephant's arm :ile !     
load is putt+ on1 or ! rid] asc5d+ into 
! h[dah4    ,! dress ( ! moh\t is1 9 mo/
 po9ts1 simil> to t ( !  kh$mutg>2 & t (

 ! mate is1 if any ?+1 b little bett]   
?an ! ord9>y co/ume ( poor labor]s1 ?\gh
 _! pay may be  rat$ f ?ree to f\r      
rupees p] mon?3 9 ^? prov9ces :]e       
elephants are caught1 provisions are    
extremely *eap2 !re1 few mates  receive 
m ?an a rupee & a half1 or two rupees4  
,! occupation ( a  moh\t is consid]$ by 
no means conducive to longevity2 a      
premature  decrepitude g5]ally          
disqualifies aft] a few ye>s ( s]vice4  
,?is is  suppos$ to arise f ! motion ( !
 elephant2 b may1 p]haps v  ju/ly1 be   
attribut$ to ! too great int]vals (     
leisure1 :i* are  g5]ally pass$ 9       
conviviality4    ,! heal? ( a ,surwan1  
or camel-driv]1 is yet m subject to e>ly
  decay1 ?an t ( a moh\t3 ! motion ( ?is
 animal be+ mo/  oppressively sev]e2    
caus+ su* a vibration ( ! lo9s z is     
att5d$ ) great pa91 & (t5 ) suppression 
( ur9e1 toge!r  ) t5esmus1 especially 9 
t5d] p]sons n accu/om$ !reto4 ,x  is    
said to be less sev]e :5 trott+1 ?an :5 
walk+3 ! =m] ,i  nev] tri$2 be+ p]fectly

 satisfi$ ) a g5tle ambulation1 :i*     
made e jo9t ( my v]tebr crack at ! "t1 &
 a*e = "s  h\rs aft]4 ,! dress ( ?is    
class resembles t ( a mosaul*y (  !     
sup]ior ord]2 ! pay may be f f\r to five
 rupees1 if 9  *>ge ( only two camels2  
b1 if ?ree1 x is usual to all[ a rupee  
m4 ,! duty consi/s 9 see+ ! camels f$   
prop]ly1 = :i*  purpose ! surwan        
proce$s1 e second or ?ird day1 to "s    
village1 = *aff ( v>i\s k9ds3 ! usual   
quantity ( gram1 7a  k9d ( pulse :]e)   
labor+ cattle are f$17 is giv51 "p 9 !  
morn+1 & "p 9 ! ev5+2 or p]haps all at !
 latt] "t3  ?ree se]s1 equal to ab\t six
 p\nds1 are consid]$ good keep4         
,camels be+ r>ely v tractable1          
especially :5 lu/ful1 mu/ be  approa*$ )
 great caution3 _! bite is dreadful1 n  
only f !  size ( ! m\? & ! /r5g? ( !    
jaw1 z well z ! =m (  ! tu%es1 b because
 !y r>ely quit _! hold4 ,x (t5 happ5s  t
 ! same camel kills sev]al surwans3     
probably1 if !re 7  lords ( ! manor to  
claim su* bea/s z deod&s1 few] accid5ts 

w\ld happ54 ,! only mode1 hi!rto        
asc]ta9$1 ( gov]n+ ^!  vici\s animals1  
is1 by bor+ a hole 9 ! no/ril1 & pass+  
?r\gh x1 f )91 a piece ( t\gh wood1 ) a 
knob ab\t z  l>ge z a nutmeg4 ,a /rong  
piece ( l9e is !n fa/5$ to ! out]       
extremity ( ! wood1 t1 on be+ pull$1    
causes ! camel to lie  d[n at pleasure4 
,?is contrivance1 :i* is call$ naukell1 
keeps him  9 tol]able ord]2 ?\gh x is   
prud5t to h a /\t bludgeon1 9  case (   
any attempt to seize4 ,:5 camels are v  
vici\s1 x is common  to cut (f _! noses1
 s f> z ! gri/le ext5ds3 ?is privation  
is  suppos$ to d mu* good2 b ,i h se5   
numb]less in/ances :]e9  x totally      
fail$2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x greatly     
depreciat$2  s9ce few w\ld l to pur*ase 
"o be>+ s obvi\s a type (  trea*]y4     
,a good surwan w always di/+ui% himself 
by ! ord] ( 8  cattle1 by _! fre$om f   
injuries 9 consequ5ce ( gall+ "u  !     
saddle1 & especially by ! compact mann] 
9 :i* he places  :atev] bur!n is to be  
c>ri$4 ,?is %\ld nev] exce$ six maunds  

( #hblb ea*2 ?\gh ! ,company require1 9 
all _! contracts1 t  ! camels furni%$ = 
_! s]vice %\ld c>ry mu* m4 ,possibly1   
on a soil suit$ to ! camel's foot1 he   
may1 on em]g5cy1 c>ry z f>  z eight     
maunds1 equal to no less ?an #feflb2 b  
su* mu/ n be  expect$ to la/4 ,if ! soil
 is boggy1 half t weight w be f\nd      
suffici5t2 especially :]e slipp]y2 =1 :5
 ov]lad51 ! animal  w1 9 su* places1 be 
v subject to ru92 8 h9d legs slid+      
asund]1 s z to br+ ! pelvis to ! gr\nd3 
?is1 :i* is t]m$  #8splitt+1' r5d]s him 
unable to rise1 or1 if rais$1 to proce$1
 9  consequ5ce ( ! viol5t injury su/a9$4
 ,on su* an occasion !  animal's ?roat  
is cut by "s good ,mussulman1 :o1 z he  
p]=ms t  op]ation1 & dur+ ! "t ! blood  
is fl[+1 recites a pray]  & b5$iction1  
:]eby ! meat1 :i* is e/eem$ a great     
delicacy1  is sanctifi$1 & may be eat54 
,! ,syce1 or groom1 att5ds b "o horse1 &
 has atta*$ to him an  "u s]vant1 ^:    
bus9ess x is to provide grass = fodd]1 &
 to  d v>i\s jobs relat+ to cleanl9ess1 

c43 ?is may be look$ ^u z  ! ext5t (    
duty ! latt] has to p]=m :ile /ation>y2 
b1 :5  m>*+1 ! assi/ant1 or1 z he is    
call$1 ! ,gaus-kot1 7i4e4  grass-cutt]17
 has to c>ry ! pickets1 head/all1 head &
 heel ropes1  curry-combs1 cloa?+1 c4 c4
 to ! next place ( encampm5t4 ,!  labor 
is c]ta9ly sev]e1 b is und]gone1 )      
tol]able alacrity1  "u ! hope ( "o day  
succe$+ to ! po/ ( syce4    ,9 e c\ntry 
a good groom is invaluable2 b if any :]e
 m  p>ticul>ly enhanc$1 x c]ta9ly is 9  
,india3 ! horses !re be+  inv>iably high
 spirit$1 f want ( ca/ration1 & (t5     
becom+1  "u ! lea/ provocation1 or      
lic5ce1 incorrigibly vici\s4 ,!re we    
see g5tlem51 :5 m\nt$1 afraid to approa*
 ea* o!r )9 t5 or  twelve y>ds1 le/ _!  
horses %\ld beg9 fight+3 "s few h1      
inde$1 be5 tempt$1 by ! suppos$         
passiv5ess ( _! respective  /e$s1 to    
ride boot to boot2 b r>ely )\t exp]i5c+ 
"s  dreadful mis=tune2 _m legs hav+ be5 
?us brok56 ,al?\gh mu*  may dep5d ^u !  
natural temp] ( a horse1 /ill !re w     

rema9  mu* 9 ! p[] ( ! syce4 ,if he be  
timid1 & ! animal  spirit$1 ! affair is 
soon ov]1 by ! latt] ga9+ su* an        
asc5dancy z to r5d] him ungov]nable4    
,be+ once let loose1 & a  m>e )9 sight1 
or sc5t1 away goes ! /e$1 completely    
disqualifi$ = future saddl+4    ,x is   
inconceivable :at control "s syces obta9
 ov] _! horses1  :i* w all[ ! approa* ( 
no o!rs4 ,?is1 ?\gh x may be an         
admirable mode ( temporiz+ ) a vici\s   
bea/1 is (t5 att5d$  ) mo/ ludicr\s1 or 
r mo/ di/ress+1 circum/ances2 x be+  v  
common to see p]sons sitt+ on horses f  
:i* !y d>e n  alight1 until _! own syces
 may arrive1 &1 by secur+ ! head1  ) a  
baug-door1 7or lead+-halt]17 grant ma/] 
leave to quit !  saddle4 ,?is occurs s  
frequ5tly z to cause no surprize2 ?\gh x
  (t5 excites "s m]rim5t1 n always      
pleas+ to ! suff]]4    ,:5 a p]son falls
 f 8 horse1 ! :ole troop sep>ate1 le/ ! 
/ray animal %\ld attack !m3 9 su* case1 
two or ?ree active  syces may prev5t    
mis*ief2 b1 few w attempt to cat* a     

horse  ^: "* = g5tl5ess is n e/abli%$4  
,e syce is  provid$ ) a /rong cotton    
cord1 r ?ick] ?an a /\t w9d[  l9e1 (    
sev]al y>ds long1 :i* he fa/5s to ! left
 *eek ( !  bit :5 lead+1 & does n loos5 
until 8 ma/] has m\nt$2  :51 by draw+ a 
slip knot1 ! animal is lib]at$ f !      
groom's  control4    ,9 g5]al1 ! l9e    
7baug-door7 is affix$ be=e dism\nt+3 a  
neglect ( t precaution is frequ5tly     
att5d$ ) unpleasant  consequ5ces2 =1 to 
say ! lea/1 ! horse w 9 all probability 
gallop away to 8 /able1 :i* may be "s   
miles di/ant2 leav+ 8  incauti\s rid] to
 walk aft] him2 n always v cool1 ei!r 9 
reg>d to ! wea!r1 or to 8 own /ate (    
m9d4    ,9 consequ5ce ( ! imm5se numb] (
 gad-flies to be se5 at all  times ( !  
ye>1 ea* syce c>ries a :isk1 made by    
fa/5+  horse-hair to a %ort /ick1       
commonly lacqu]$ 9 r+s ( alt]nate       
colors4 ,?is implem5t1 ) :i* ! flies are
 driv5 away1 is call$  a *[ry1 & may co/
 ab\t sixp5ce1 or eight-p5ce4 ,a small  
%eet  ( k>wah1 ei!r d\ble1 or s+le1 is  

usually ?r[n ov] !  syce's %\ld]1 or    
fa/5$ ar\nd 8 wai/1 be=e he sets (f to  
accompany 8 ma/]3 ?is is c>ri$ to lay   
ov] ! horse's back1 s  soon z giv5 9    
*>ge to ! groom1 to prev5t ! accession (
  dry-gripes2 to :i* ! animal w\ld be   
subject$1 if mu* heat$1 b  = t          
precaution1 add$ to walk+ him ab\t g5tly
 until p]fectly  cool4 ,h5ce x w be se51
 t no g5tleman ev] rides unless         
accompani$ by 8 groom2 _m ( :om run     
rem>kably fa/1 keep+ up  = _m miles ) a 
gig go+ at a sm>t pace3 by habit1 !y    
become  long-w9d$1 & capable ( endur+   
great fatigue4 ,! dress ( a  syce1 tak5 
g5]ally1 is a m$ium betwe5 ! kh$mutg> & 
!  mosaul*y2 :ile t ( ! gaus-kot is     
r>ely bett] ?an t (  a common labor]4 ,!
 =m] receives f f\r to six rupees p]    
mon?2  five be+ ! g5]al rate3 ! latt]   
usually has ?ree1 :5 paid  indep5d5tly (
 ! syce2 b :5 ?r\gh 8 h&s1 a small      
d$uction is (t5 made2 to resi/ :i* w\ld 
lead to dis*>ge1 ei!r  p]emptorily1 or  
by ! imputation ( "s neglect1 c4    ,!  

grass-cutt] is always expect$ to provide
 a net = c>ry+ a  l>ge bundle ( fodd]1 &
 a k9d ( p>+ in/rum5t1 call$ a  koorpah1
 :]e) to cut ! grass1 ab\t half an in*  
"u !  surface ( ! soil3 ! upp] "p ( !   
root be+ consid]$  extremely n\ri%+4 ,no
 hay is ev] se5 9 ,india2 nor w\ld x    
answ]  t purpose ne>ly s well z ! common
 exp$i5t ( p>+ x =  daily consumption4  
,! ,mah>rattahs1 x is true1 make a co>se
 k9d (  hay1 :]e) to fe$ _! l>ge bodies 
( horse at c]ta9 seasons2  b ! condition
 ( _! cattle 9 g5]al by no means        
recomm5ds su*  a measure 9 private /uds4
 ,nev]!less1 t practice has its         
advantages1 = :ile our cavalry horses   
w\ld />ve = want ( gre51  or succul5t   
fodd]1 ! less delicate ,mah>rattah *>g] 
plucks at any  old ?at* ) great         
read9ess2 & ev5 on su* diet w p]=m      
wond]s4 ,i h always ?\ght t our public  
cattle 7 too highly  pamp]$2 at lea/1 t 
! mode ( fe$+ !m by no means            
correspond$ ) t ready adoption ( any k9d
 ( co>se =ag+1  :i* might become        

necess>y "u ! mo/ ord9>y circum/ances ( 
a  campaign3 a pig w gradually become   
da9ty1 & r />ve ?an  return to its =m]  
co>se provision4 ,! practice ( soak+    
gram  = cavalry horses1 is peculi>ly    
objectionable2 z n only caus+  !m to    
expect x at all times1 ev5 :5 wat] 7mu* 
less soak+-pots7  _c be _h 9 any        
quantity2 b induc+ mo/ horses to swall[ 
!  gra9s :ole1 )\t ma/ication4 ,9 my    
humble op9ion1 ! :ole (  ! gra9 suppli$ 
to cavalry horses ought to be r$uc$ to a
 co>se  meal1 mix$ ) hay1 & /raw1 9     
equal quantities1 cut v f9e 9 a         
*aff-tr\gh4    ,x may be readily        
suppos$1 t :5 a camp has be5 settl$ = a 
few  days1 on ev5 ! mo/ luxuriant       
v]dure1 ! :ole mu/ disappe>3 x1  h[ev]1 
spe$ily spr+s aga9 aft] ! fir/ fall (   
ra91 pres5t+  a beautiful light-color$  
blade1 v small1 & ( rapid gr[?4 ,!  k9d 
( grass prep>$ = horses1 is ! doob1 or  
sun-grass1 ne>ly  correspond+ ) our f9e 
creep+-b5t4 ,?is %\ld be well beat )  a 
/ick1 & be wa%$ be=e us$2 if kept = a   

day or two 9 an airy  place1 x is       
suppos$ to be m :olesome1 ?an :5 giv5   
imm$iately  aft] be+ cut1 z is g5]ally  
done4 ,! doob is n to be f\nd  e :]e2 b1
 9 ! l[ c\ntries ab\t ,dacca1           
,mahom$poor1 c4  :]e ! inundation is    
g5]al dur+ ne> ?ree mon?s e ye>1  ?is   
grass ab\nds2 atta9+ to a prodigi\s     
luxuriance6 ,i h (t5  se5 x full two    
feet & a half high1 absolutely matt+ !  
gr\nd4  ,cattle are turn$ into x        
promiscu\sly1 & nev] fail to ?rive4 ,x  
appe>s curi\s1 t 9 a "p :]e1 dur+ !     
ra9s1 no?+ is to  be se5 ( ! soil2 !    
little villages built on em95ces be+ !  
only disc]nible objects1 if we except ! 
tops ( l>ge trees />+  out ( ! wat]2 no 
provision %\ld be made = ! ma9t5ance ( !
  cattle2 :i*1 at su* times1 dep5d      
entirely on :at c be drawn up by  means 
( =k$ poles1 f1 p]haps1 a dep? ( tw5ty  
feet4 ,?is gre5  food1 highly impregnat$
 ) moi/ure1 surely _c be :olesome at    
su* a season = ^! poor animals1 :i* are 
!n coop$ up 9 !  hundr$s ( boats t      

surr\nd e village6 ,:]eas1 if ! doob1   
su* z ,i h describ$1 7 to be cut1 &     
/ack$ 9 ! mon? (  ,febru>y1 :5 x is 9   
high p]fection1 & ! atmosph]e mod]ately 
w>m1 !re might c]ta9ly be provid$ a m   
appropriate1 & less  haz>d\s1 species ( 
fodd]4 ,b ! tru? is1 t cattle are1 9  e 
"p ( ,india1 left1 s long z possible1 to
 %ift = !mselves3  & ?is1 not)/&+ t a   
load ( ! f9e/ hay 9 ! _w  might be made 
9 ! l[ c\ntries = ab\t half-a-cr[n2 ev5 
admitt+ t labor 7 paid =6    ,x gives me
 v great pleasure to obs]ve1 9 !        
,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1  = ,febru>y1      
#ahji1 t a grass has be5 discov]$ 9     
,irel&1 call$  ! fior91 :i* p]fectly    
corresponds ) ! doob ( ,h9du/an4  ,?is  
invaluable plant /&s ! sev]e/ cold (    
,icel&1 z well z x  does ! scor*+ heats 
( tropical summ]s4 ,9 ! latt] in/ance1  
! v]dure c]ta9ly disappe>s2 b ! root    
rema9s unimpair$1 &  ab\nds ) succul5ce4
 ,i feel no hesitation 9 ass]t+1 t if ! 
fior9 be :at x is describ$1 namely1 !   
doob ( ,h9do/an1 x  w prove an          

invaluable acquisition to ! ,briti%     
agriculturi/4 ,a  ri* grass t w /& ei!r 
heat or cold1 or imm]sion = _m          
successive mon?s1 _c fail to abridge our
 catalogue ( ,georgic  desid]ata4 ,!    
doob is r>ely s[n 9 ,india2 b1 aft] be+ 
cut  bel[ ! surface by ! tool 9 common  
use among grass-cutt]s1 call$  a        
koorpah1 is *opp$ ) a hat*et into pieces
 ab\t two or ?ree  in*es 9 l5g?1 :51 be+
 mix$ ) mud1 x is pla/]$ on !  surface (
 ! plot :]e x is int5d$ to rema92 ! plot
 be+  previ\sly saturat$ ) wat]4 ,9 a v 
few days1 ! doob w be  se5 to vegetate1 
especially if c>e be tak5 to keep ! mud 
moi/ =  a %ort "t4 ,?is grass is        
likewise well suit$ = transplant+1 by   
:i* op]ation v l>ge plots are sometimes 
turf$4 ,! /ems all  ?r[ out roots at e  
jo9t t is suff]$ to t\* ! gr\nd2 b  :5 v
 ?ick1 & abundant1 x is dispos$ to t[] &
 sp9dle1 n  unlike our p9k & c>nation   
plants4 ,if set 9 small tufts1 at a foot
  asund]1 !y w soon cov] ! surface4     
,! ,mauly1 or g>d5]1 next claims        

att5tion4 ,! dress ( ?is  s]vant1 unless
 he be at ! head ( a l>ge e/abli%m5t1 is
 sc>cely  bett] ?an t ( a common labor]2
 nor are ! wages mu* high]2  f\r rupees 
be+ a v common rate1 ?\gh sometimes z   
mu* z six1  or sev51 are giv5 to m5 (   
sup]ior ability1 t und]/& "s  p>ticul>  
culture ( mom5t to ! employ]4 ,^? :o act
 "u !  maully are1 = ! mo/ "p1 bild>s1  
hir$ by ! day1 probably  at five or six 
pice1 equal to ab\t two rupees & a half 
mon?ly4 ,^!  bild>s "w ) a k9d (        
mattock1 call$ a ph\rah1 consi/+ (  a   
blade1 ab\t z l>ge z t ( a common       
g>d5-spade1 furni%$ )  a v /rong eye at 
! top1 rivett$ to ! blade1 & set on s z 
to  give ! h&le a direction ( ab\t #gj f
 ! plane ( ! blade1  :i* is slightly    
curv$ inw>ds4 ,! h&le may be ab\t ?irty 
in*es  9 l5g?1 & is driv5 ne>ly ?r\gh ! 
eye1 :]e x is  occasionally w$g$1 to    
keep ! blade f turn+ ^u x2 z w\ld be  ! 
case1 on acc\nt ( ! eye be+ r\nd1 7 x n 
made v  tight4 ,:ile work+ ) a ph\rah1 !
 bild> /&s 9 ! same  position z if us+ a

 pick-axe3 ?r[+ up :atev] soil may      
accumulate at ea* /roke4 ,:5 ! tool is  
new1 mu* may be lift$ 9  ?is mann]2 b :5
 worn d[n ne>ly to ! eye1 ! mo/ active  
labor] _c effect mu* m ?an might be done
 by an ord9>y  bean-hoe4 ,^? maullies :o
 s]ve g5tlem51 are usually provid$  )   
rakes & hoes2 b1 9 any o!r situation1 !y
 cont5t  !mselves ) us+ %ort iron spuds1
 set into wood5 h&les1 !  /em be+       
crank$1 & ! :ole r>ely exce$+ eighte5   
in*es 9  l5g?3 ) ^! !y beat ! clods to  
pieces1 & level ! surface  admirably3 b1
 ( c\rse1 n s quickly z our g>d5]s4 ,) !
  same k9d ( tool1 ?\gh ( a small] size1
 !y dig up we$s2 keep+  ! g>d5 rem>kably
 clean2 &1 "u prop] obs]vation1 rais+ an
  imm5se quantity ( vegetables4    ,x   
w\ld surprize an ,european to see ) :at 
precision maullies s[  & cov] _! se$s2 !
 seasons = :i* !y are p]fectly  acqua9t$
 )1 ev5 ?\gh ! great] portion ( !       
horticultural  produce 9 t qu>t] consi/s
 ( exotics3 ?is is ! m  rem>kable1      
because !re is no book ( g>d5+ extant 9 

! ,h9dui  language2 & if !re 71 ! *ances
 w\ld be1 at lea/ a ?\s&  to "o1 t !    
maully c\ld n read x4    ,! great] "p ( 
! manure us$ 9 g>d5s is kn[n by ! "n (  
kallah-matty1 7i4e4 black-e>?17 & is    
collect$ f su* places  z are set ap>t = 
! reception ( fil? ( all sorts4         
,horse-dung1  c[-dung1 c4 are g5]ally   
too mu* valu$ to be appropriat$ to !    
soil3 ^! are almo/ inv>iably pres]v$    
c>efully2 &1 be+ made  into a mass1 are 
=m$ into cakes1 betwe5 ! h&s1 ab\t !    
size (  a plate2 :ile moi/1 !y are /uck 
up aga9/ "s wall expos$ to !  sun2 :]e1 
9 a day or two1 !y become ?or\ghly dry1 
& make an  excell5t k9d ( fuel1 burn+ v 
l good peats4 ,^! guttees1  z !y are    
call$1 are g5]ally prep>$ by ! syce's   
wife1 &  kept 9 a /ack = cul9>y         
purposes4    ,! g>d5s ( ,europeans are1 
) few exceptions1 laid out mu* 9 !  same
 way z our kit*5-g>d5s2 hav+ "o ma9     
walk1 ) a few  ramifications & p>allels1
 all ( :i* are cov]$ ) soorkee1 or      
brick-du/2 ?\gh sometimes1 :]e gravel1  

or r %+le1 c be  f\nd1 x is us$ 9       
pref]5ce4 ,! :ole area is int]sect$ by  
little  *annels made ( e>?1 or p]haps   
l9$ ) semi-circul> tiles1  :]eby wat] is
 convey$ to e "p at pleasure4 ,! peculi>
  gratification af=d$ to ! eye1 &1      
inde$1 to ! feel+s1 by !  proximity (   
p]petual v]dure1 9 a c\ntry :]e1 = _m   
mon?s  toge!r1 sc>cely a gre5 spot is to
 be se51 induces mo/ p]sons1  :5 lay+   
d[n a g>d51 to appropriate su* a piece (
 gr\nd z may  be 9 view1 to ! =mation ( 
a grass-plot4 ,?is is refre%$ e  ?ird or
 f\r? day by lay+ on wat] f ! well1     
always made on  "s m elevat$ spot1 s z  
to comm& e "p to :i* !  irrigation is to
 ext5d4 ,! doob is inv>iably select$ =  
?is  purpose2 &1 9 consequ5ce ( its     
num]\s se$s1 z well z ow+ to  ! cool    
%elt] x af=ds1 nev] fails to attract    
great numb]s (  ants1 ( v>i\s colors &  
sizes2 all ( :i* are a p]fect nuisance  
?r\gh\t ! ,ea/4 ,g5tlem5 :o re> turkies1
 f9d f exp]i5ce1  t few c be br\ght up  
except :]e su* grass-plots exi/2 &  :]e 

%ade1 & wat]1 are at h& = ! birds to    
avail !mselves (  at pleasure4    ,mo/ (
 our g>d5 escul5ts ?rive 9 ,india2      
cabbages1 caulifl[]s1  lettuces1 cel]y1 
beets1 c>rots1 turnips1 peas1 cucumb]s1 
,fr5*  beans1 radi%es1 potatoes1 c4 are 
cultivat$ 9 abundance2 toge!r  )        
capsicums1 love-apples1 egg-plants1     
g\rds ( v>i\s k9ds1  calavanses1 yams1  
sweet potatoes1 & hundr$s ( ! indig5\s  
tribe4  ,! common fruits are guavas1    
pea*es1 nect>9es1 grapes1 a few apples1 
b no pe>s1 melons ( sorts1 p9e-apples1  
mangoes1 oranges1 citrons1  limes1      
pomegranates1 byres ( a v huge k9d1     
comr+ahs1 7or w+$  apples17 curr9dahs1  
&1 9 g5]al1 mo/ ( ! tropical fruits4    
,)9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 v consid]able     
additions h be5 made  by ! introduction 
( v>i\s trees1 & also ( g>d5]s1 f ,*9a3 
! =m] h ?riv5 admirably2 :ile1 to !     
latt] we are indebt$  = _m valuable     
practices1 common among t indu/ri\s p1 &
  :i* promise to contribute greatly to !
 p]fection ( ,asiatic  horticulture4 ,! 

be/ ( maullies c\ld n be rank$ ) ! lea/ 
capable among ! ,*9ese g>d5]s2 ?\gh x _c
 be d5i$1 t  !y possess _m /rong        
recomm5dations2 & are n a little pr\d ( 
any improvem5ts1 or novelties1 committ$ 
to _! managem5t4 ,9 !  art ( irrigation 
!y _c be surpass$4 ,t indisp5sable      
op]ation  is p]=m$1 9 mo/ in/ances1 by  
draw+ wat] f a n>r[ well1  into a ci/]n1
 or holl[1 at its edge2 :5ce1 by means (
 ! *annels  be=e describ$1 ea* b$       
receives ! necess>y supply ( moi/ure4 ,a
  pair ( v small ox51 wor? ab\t twelve  
or fifte5 %ill+'s ea*1  suffice to draw 
up a moot1 or lea!r bag1 conta9+ f      
tw5ty-five  to ?irty gallons4    ,9     
g5]al1 a small hut is erect$ 9 ! g>d5 = 
! accommodation  ( ! maully2 mo/ ( ^:   
op]ations are p]=m$ aft] sun-set3       
especially t ( lay+ on wat]1 & ! sett+ (
 plants4  ,rat-cat*+ is also an object (
 importance1 & mo/ successfully  foll[$ 
dur+ moon-light nights2 :5 ^? l>ge black
 rats1 call$  b&ycoots1 equall+ mo/ cats
 9 bulk1 are (t5 spe>$1 z !y  ramble    

among ! cucumb] & melon b$s1 :]e9 !y    
make prodigi\s  havoc4 ,nor is !re any  
defici5cy ( o!r sorts1 or sizes1 ( rats3
  !y are to be f\nd bo? 9 imm5se numb]s1
 & 9 e v>iety2 b  ! l>ge ,norway rat is 
mo/ abundant4 ,i nev] saw1 nor he>d ( a 
mole  9 ! c\ntry3 mo/ probably ! soil   
does n suit2 z x becomes s  h>d & dry   
dur+ ! hot season4    ,! ,aub-d>1 or    
wat]-cool]1 is sc>cely less indisp5sable
 ?an !  cook2 =1 )\t ! ex]cise ( 8 art1 
all ! delicacies ( !  table w\ld be ( no
 value4 ,hot w9e1 & hot wat]1 are by no 
means  acceptable to ^? :o inhale s     
r>efi$ an atmosph]e2 & :o  g5]ally pref]
 su* made-di%es z ab\nd 9 spice4 ,x is  
true1 t1  sometimes1 a kh$mutg>1 or a   
be>]1 may be f\nd1 capable (  cool+     
liquors ne>ly z well z aub-d>s ( ! l[]  
class2 b  su* are r>e1 & _c always be   
dep5d$ ^u4 ,9 say+ ?is1 ,i d  n mean to 
attribute ! success ( ev5 ! be/ qualifi$
 aub-d>  to any *emical k1 or to mu*    
compreh5sion ( ! mann]1 or  mom5t1 9 :i*
 ! refrig]ation takes place3 f> f x2 !y 

are  all ! *ildr5 ( imitation1 & by     
keep+ )9 c]ta9 p>allels1  wide en\gh    
asund]1 hit ^u _! object2 ?\gh n )\t mu*
 loss  ( mat]ials1 z well z ( "t4    ,! 
app>atus necess>y = ! op]ations ( ?is   
s]vant1 consi/ ( a  l>ge pewt] vessel1  
ne> half an in* 9 ?ickness1 & 9 its =m n
  unlike a v ?ick ,*e%ire *eese1 ( :i* !
 edges are mu* r\nd$  (f4 ,at ! top1 a  
circul> ap]ture1 ab\t a foot 9 diamet]1 
is left1  = ! introduction ( two pewt]  
flasks1 7ea* conta9+ ab\t a p9t  & a    
half17 ( a sph]ical =m1 & furni%$ ) long
 n>r[ necks1  ne>ly cyl9drical1 ab\t t5 
in*es 9 l5g?1 & fitt$ ) caps1 (  ! same 
metal1 t come d[n ab\t an in* & a half1 
e :]e  close4 ,! great bason j describ$ 
is call$ a taus1 & ! flasks  are call$  
soories4 ,:5 wat] is to be cool$1 ab\t a
 gallon is put  into ! taus2 :i*1 by    
means ( a small wood5 frame1 made = !   
purpose1 or1 = want ( x1 a few bricks1  
c4 is slop$ a little1 t  ! wat] may lie 
m t[>ds "o side3 a h&ful or two (       
salt-petre  is !n put 91 & ! soories1   

be+ ab\t two ?irds fill$ )  ! wat] to be
 drank1 are mov$ ab\t 9 ! taus1 "o 9 ea*
 h&1  :ile ! salt-petre is dissolv+4 ,s 
soon z t is effect$1 :i*  is usually 9  
two or ?ree m9utes1 ! soories are laid  
at re/2  _! necks project+ out at !     
opposite side ( ! ap]ture1 !  sph]e "p  
be+ imm]s$1 & a wet clo? laid ov] ! :ole
 ( !  op5+3 9 t mann] ! int5se cold1    
g5]at$ by ! solution1  acts ^u ! wat] )9
 ! soories2 s effectually inde$1 9 _m   
in/ances1 z to be unpleasantly cond5s$4 
,z to crack+ ! glasses1  t is extremely 
common1 b is r to be imput$ to _! be+   
some:at heat$ by ! atmosph]e2 :5 ! cold 
wat]1 be+ sudd5ly  p\r$ 91 causes n9e 9 
t51 s act$ ^u1 to fly4 ,w9e is always   
cool$ 9 ! common glass bottle :]e9 x is 
drawn f ! cask1 &  s soon z tak5 f !    
taus1 :i* may be 9 ab\t five m9utes     
aft] be+ left at re/1 is cov]$ ) a      
petticoat made ( k>wah1  or o!r clo?1   
well wett$4 ,be+ plac$ 9 a /& made (    
turn$  wood1 to receive ! dripp+s1 !    
bottle is plac$ on ! table2  usually    

/opp$ ) a silv]-m\nt$ cork4 ,decant]s   
are r>ely us$ 9  any "p ( ,india2 bo?   
because !y are extremely subject to     
crack1  &1 t !y c]ta9ly d n keep w9e s  
cool z ! common glass  bottles d4    ,! 
dress ( ! aub-d> g5]ally resembles t ( !
 kh$mutg>1  & 8 wages may rank ) !      
sup]ior classes s]v+ 9 t  capacity3 he  
has1 9 g5]al1 "s p]quisites1 bo? 9 *>g+ 
=  m salt-petre ?an is us$1 & f ! sale (
 ! salt-petre wat]2  :i*1 ?r\gh\t       
,calcutta1 & 9 _m o!r places1 is        
c>efully  pres]v$ 9 l>ge j>s1 to be sold
 to p]sons :o boil x d[n = !  purpose ( 
produc+ ! nitre 9 a m purifi$ /ate4     
,aub-d>s  %\ld n be all[$ to cool wat]  
)9 ! h\se2 ! salt-petre  do+ consid]able
 injury to ! walls1 f :i* x _c possibly 
be  extract$4    ,:]ev] a g5tleman d9es1
 ?i!r 8 aub-d> repairs1 9 "t to  h wat] 
cool$ z ! d9n] is s]v$ up3 :5 a l>ge    
p>ty are  assembl$1 x is curi\s to see  
p]haps two doz5s ( ^! s]vants1  labor+  
at _! pr(ession "u ! %ade ( ! h\se1 &   
mak+ a  noise n v dissimil> to ! quick  

motion ( a /one-saw4 ,cu/om  occasions x
 to pass unhe$$1 unless s f> z relates  
to !  anticipation ( a cool draught4 ,x 
%\ld be rem>k$1 t wat] is !  common     
bev]age3 ! smalle/ hole 9 ! bottom ( a  
soories utt]ly  spoils x2 !re=e ! defect
 mu/ be well clos$ ) sold]4 ,all !  w9e 
us$ at ! table is cool$ by ! ho/'s own  
s]vant2 ?\gh1 :5  any p>ticul>ly fam\s  
aub-d> is 9 att5dance1 he is (t5 ask$ to
  ex]t 8 skill3 a reque/ always compli$ 
)1 9 a mann] fully  exhibit+ t vanity   
p]vades ?is1 z well z o!r classes (     
mortals4    ,! ,compadore1 or           
,kurz-burd>1 or ,butl]-konnah-sirc>1 are
 all  designations = ! same individual1 
:o acts z purveyor1 sometimes  "u !     
ord]s ( ! ma/]1 b m g5]ally ( !         
kansamah1  :o nev] fails to p>ticipate (
 ! pr(its made by ov]-*>ges1 &  by !    
receipt ( du/ooree1 7or cu/om>y gift17 f
 ! v5d]s (  :atev] may be provid$ =     
dome/ic1 consumption4 ,?is s]vant may be
  consid]$ z app]ta9+ to ! ord] (       
sirc>s1 ( :i* he %\ld  possess all !    

cunn+1 ! smoo? tongue1 ! audaci\s &     
p]sev]+ effront]y1 :5 ma9ta9+ a palpable
 lie1 toge!r )  t obsequi\sness :i* %\ld
 conciliate ma/]1 & make him believe  x6
 ,)\t ^!1 ! compadore c\ld nev] ?rive4  
,! pay ( su* a  rogue is g5]ally ab\t   
f\r1 or1 at ! utmo/1 five1 rupees p]    
m5sem2 b t is comp>atively no object1 9 
any family :]e "s  hundr$s are sp5t 9   
h\se-keep+4 ,9 ord] to aid ! deception1 
he  inv>iably dresses s v meanly1 z to  
claim our commis]ation 9  behalf ( 8    
app>5t pov]ty3 :ile1 at ! same "t1 x is 
probable  t1 "o way or o!r1 he contrives
 to reta9 ab\t an eigh? "p (  ! money   
entru/$ to 8 disbursem5t4 ,! usual cu/om
 is1 = !  kansamah to enquire1 dur+ !   
ev5+1 :at is to be done 9 !  cul9>y     
dep>tm5t on ! succe$+ day3 if ! family  
d9e abroad1 no  directions are necess>y2
 o!rwise1 fi%1 fle%1 & f[l mu/ be laid  
94 ,z ! be/ ( ! m>ket is betwe5         
day-light & sun-rise1 aft]  :i* all !   
prime articles w h disappe>$1 !         
compadore mu/  proce$ ) 8 catalogue (   

desid]ata1 att5d$ by "o or two          
"u-s]vants1 7mosaul*ies1 kala%ies1 c47  
to pur*ase !  requir$ articles4 ,no "t  
mu/ be lo/ 9 return+ home1 at lea/  dur+
 ! hot mon?s2 = su* is ! rapid progress 
t[>ds  putrefaction1 t ,i h m ?an once  
se5 veal1 :i* _h be5  kill$ aft]        
midnight1 become p]fectly (f5sive 9 t5  
h\rs1  not)/&+ e possible precaution 0  
tak5 to keep x cool4    ,x w be         
und]/ood1 t a compadore mu/1 (          
necessity1 be a good  acc\ntant2 l !    
sirc>1 he is well v]s$ 9 fractions1 &   
c>ries 8 computations d[n to a s+le     
gundah ( c[ries1 7i4e4  f\r             
,blackamoors' tee?74 ,?is m9ut5ess      
passes ) _m =  hone/y2 b by f> ! great] 
"p ( h\se-keep]s ei!r put ^?  v small   
p>ts out ( ! "q1 7reg>dless ( ! old     
say+1  t1 #8if ! p5ce are well tak5 c>e 
(1 !y w n\ri% !  %ill+s2 :ile ! p\nds   
acquire /r5g? to take c>e (  !mselves1'7
 or !y cont5t !mselves ) ! reflection1 t
 !  acc\nts are correctly tak51 )\t ev5 
exam9+ _! cont5ts4  ,e *>ge ?us becomes 

sanction$ :5 committ$ to pap]2 !re=e    
ea* knave is anxi\s to h 8 items not$1  
"u ! full  conviction1 t1 !nce=?1 !y are
 beyond ! probability1 if n  !          
possibility1 ( refutation4 ,b su* w nev]
 be effect$1 unless  a few ( ! filb]ts  
are1 accord+ to ! old fable1 dropp$ into
 !  compadore's bag2 s z to dim9i% !    
bulk ( ! h&1 & to all[  its retir+ ) !  
rema9d] ( ! booty4 ,n a c[rie c /ir  )\t
 ! compadore's k6 ,"u ! plea ( fidelity 
to 8  employ]1 he insi/s ^u be+ privy to
 e disbursem5t2 nev]  fail+ to prea* up 
8 own vigilance2 & 7:i* is ! be/ ( !    
joke17 mak+ a po9t ( att5d+ e morn+ ) 8 
h&s full (  pap]s1 & 8 ink-pot1 c41 9   
read9ess to give a detail ( !  exp5ces (
 ! prec$+ day2 ?\gh he p]fectly kn[s t  
detail is  nev] att5d$ to4    ,let u n  
suppose t su* deception is local3 9 o!r1
 or 9  v>i\s1 =ms1 we may f9d x ?r\gh\t 
! _w4 ,"s1 :o boa/ (  ! excell5ce (     
,engli% m5ials1 c4 may1 p]haps1 affect  
to believe  !m to be less infect$ ) su* 
knav]y z is above display$2 b an  appeal

 to t too correct hi/ory ( ! times1     
yclep'd #8,! ,newgate  ,kal5d>1' mu/    
remove e d\bt ( ! in/ability ( su* an   
exemption2 & %\ld assure u1 t1 :5ev]    
temptation solicits1 &  opportunity     
favors1 few1 ( any sect1 color1 or rank1
 h ! virtue to  resi/1 provid$ ! object 
be proportion$ to ! risk6    ,! ,hirk>ah
 01 =m]ly1 a s]vant us$ solely = c>ry+  
expresses1 or su* lett]s1 messages1 c4 z
 7 to be s5t beyond !  circle ( ord9>y1 
or daily1 communication3 he 01 9 fact1  
:at is  n[ commonly call$ a cossid4 ,we 
h reta9$1 h[ev]1 !  designation (       
dawk-hirk>ahs = ^? :o convey ! dawks1 or
  po/s4 ,9 e o!r in/ance1 ! duty ( !    
hirk>ah1 z an  att5dant ^u a g5tleman 9 
(fice1 c4 is simil> to t ( !  peon1 or  
piada1 or runn+ footman4 ,8 pay is      
g5]ally ! same2  b ! =m] usually be>s a 
lacqu]$ walk+-/ick1 arm$ at its         
extremity ) a squ>e spike1 ! f]ule ( :i*
 is ornam5t$ )  d>k-color$ fr+e1 or     
tassels4 ,?is /ick is c>ri$ ov] !       
%\ld]1 & is ! only di/9ction betwe5 !   

hirk>ah & !  peon3 b1 ?\gh ! latt] has  
no su* insignia1 he frequ5tly  claims   
prec$5ce1 caus+ ! hirk>ah to prec$e him 
9 ! ret9ue1  :ile att5d+ _! employ]'s   
palanqu94    ,bo? ^! s]vants1 ^:        
capacities are n[ p]fectly bl5d$1 :5    
s]v+ ,europeans at lea/1 receive f f\r  
to five rupees mon?ly4 ,9  e respect1   
beyond ! =ego+ exceptions1 !y dress mu* 
! same  z kh$mutg>s1 b g5]ally h turbans
 & cumm]-bunds ( !  same color1 by way (
 liv]y2 &1 :5 9 ! employ ( great        
m]*ants1 ag5ts1 & especially "u !       
pr9cipal (fic]s ( !  gov]nm5t1 we> belts
 ( color$ broad-clo?1 ) metal           
brea/-plates2  be>+ ei!r ! initials1 or 
! arms1 ( _! employ]s1 or  inscriptions 
/at+ ! (fices to :i* !y app]ta94 ,!     
g5]ality  ( su* inscriptions h ! ,engli%
 designation 9 ! c5tre1 ) a  translation
 9 ! ,p]sian1 or ! ,b5gallee1 language1 
7p]haps bo?17  ar\nd1 on ! m>g91 or vice
 v]s4    ,_m mo/ extraord9>y j\rnies h  
be5 made by hirk>ahs3  in/ances h be5   
adduc$ ( _! travell+ full a hundr$ miles

 9  ! f\r & tw5ty h\rs4    ,! ,duftoree1
 or (fice-keep]1 att5ds solely to ^?    
g5]al  matt]s 9 an (fice1 :i* d n come  
)9 ! notice ( !  crannies1 or cl]ks2    
su*1 = in/ance1 z mak+ p5s1 keep+ !     
ink-/&s 9 ord]1 rul+ acc\nt books1 &    
p]haps b9d+ !m1  prep>+ & trimm+ !      
lights1 sett+ p5-knives1 toge!r ) a     
great v>iety ( little jobs1 easily p]=m$
 by an individual allott$  !reto1 b     
tr5*+ deeply on ! occupations ( ^?      
engag$ 9  m connect$ & important        
bus9ess4 ,! pay ( ! duftoree may be  f  
f\r to six rupees mon?ly2 ?\gh a few may
 receive r m2  b su* is unusual4 ,!     
dress dep5ds on ! ca/ ( ! individual3   
if he be a ,mussulman1 x w correspond1 9
 "s measure1 ) t (  ! kh$mutg>2 b1 if a 
,h9du1 x w1 probably1 assimilate )  t ( 
! cranny4    ,! ,frau%1 or              
furniture-keep]1 is g5]ally a           
,mussulman1 &  receives ab\t f\r or five
 rupees mon?ly3 8 dress correspond+ )  t
 ( a fir/-rate mosaul*y1 or an inf]ior  
kh$mutg>4 ,! duty  ( ?is m5ial1 among   

,europeans1 consi/s *iefly 9 clean+ !   
furniture1 putt+ up1 or tak+ d[n b$s1   
7:i*1 9 ,india1 is always  effect$ )\t !
 aid ( a c>p5t]17 beat+ c>pets1 prep>+ &
  trimm+ ! lights1 op5+ & %utt+ ! doors 
= gue/s1 h&+  *airs1 sett+ tables =     
meals1 toge!r ) a v>iety ( m9uti (  a   
simil> description4 ,among ! natives1 ! 
(fice compreh5ds f>  m labori\s         
employm5ts1 among :i* ! arrangem5t (    
t5ts may be  adduc$3 9 ?is !y aid !     
kala%ies1 or t5t-m51 res]v+ to  !mselves
 ! p]=mance ( :atev] relates to !       
int]ior4  ,accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ,abu   
,fazil1 :o wrote reg>d+ !  e/abli%m5t ( 
! ,emp]or ,akb]1 t mon>* reta9$ no less 
?an  "o ?\s& frau%es1 = ! purpose (     
att5d+ 8 encampm5ts1  or p>ties (       
pleasure4 ,^!1 h[ev] num]\s1 mu/ h _h   
pl5ty to  d2 = we f9d t #8! equipage1 on
 su* occasions1 consi/$ ( #ajjj         
elephants1 #ejj camels1 #djj c>ts1 &    
#ajjj m51 escort$ by #ejj cavalry4  ,!re
 7 employ$ 9 ?is s]vice #ajjj frau%es1  
#ejj pione]s1 #ajj  wat]-c>ri]s1 #ej    

c>p5t]s1 #ej t5t-mak]s1 #ej l9k-m51 #cj 
work]s  9 lea!r1 & #aej sweep]s4' ,!    
numb] ( l>ge t5ts 0 prodigi\s2  b "s    
idea may be ent]ta9$ ( _! am\nt1 :5 x is
 /at$1  t ! royal prec9ct 0 enclos$ by  
konauts 7walls ( clo?7 eight  feet high2
 &1 9 ! :ole1 ne>ly two miles 9 l5g?6   
,su* a display  9 ?is c\ntry1 w\ld      
attract half ! population to witness its
  enormity6    ,! ,mat]1 or sweep]1 is  
consid]$ ! l[e/ m5ial 9 e  family3 8 ca/
 is held 9 execration1 on acc\nt ( !    
fil?9ess  ( 8 occupations4 ,!re are1    
nev]!less1 v>i\s /ages1 or classes1  ev5
 among ^! abhorr$ p2 ( :i* ! hullalcore 
may be  consid]$ ! l[e/1 :ile !         
loll-baygies assume ! upp] rank (       
infamy4 ,b1 h[ev] mu* !y may arrogate to
 !mselves1 9  consequ5ce ( su*          
di/9ctions ( ca/1 all are consid]$1 by  
bo?  ,h9dus & ,mussulmans1 to be equally
 impure1 alike pollut+ :atev]  !y t\*4  
,h5ce1 x w\ld be consid]$ ! height (    
disrespect1 7  a mat]1 9 ! s]vice ( a   
native g5tleman1 to h&le any "p (  8    

ma/]'s raim5t1 or to /ep on ! c>pet     
int5d$ = 8 ma/]'s  seat3 z to t\*+ 8    
cook+ ut5sils1 c4 t w\ld be an          
unp>donable (f5ce1 & subject ! del9qu5t1
 n simply to private1  b to public1     
ca/igation4    ,hair1 or bir*1 brooms   
are nev] se5 9 ,india3 !re ! in/rum5t = 
sweep+1 call$ a j>roo1 is made ( bamboo1
 split to ! size ( a  :eat /raw1 ab\t   
?irty in*es long1 & ti$ toge!r v firmly1
  = ab\t six or eight in*es at "o end2  
=m+ a bundle (1 p]haps  two in*es & a   
half 9 diamet]4 ,?is in/rum5t is furni%$
 by !  mat]1 :o g5]ally receives ?ree1  
or sometimes f\r1 rupees  mon?ly4 ,!    
dress corresponds 9 g5]al ) t ( a dec5t 
cooly1  7or labor]27 b "s we> a %ort    
coortah1 & take a little pride  9 ?is   
p>ticul>4    ,! mat] is g5]ally at      
little exp5ce = provisions2 he be+ !    
only s]vant t may1 accord+ to 8 t5ets1  
p>take ( :at has be5  s]v$ up at ! table
 ( any p]son1 :e!r ,european1 or native1
 n  ( 8 own sect4 ,9 ?is1 ! matranny1 or
 female sweep]1 ^:  duties are exactly !

 same1 b usually conf9$ to ! wom5's     
ap>tm5ts1 mu/ be includ$4 ,! latt] is1  
h[ev]1 9 g5]al f>  m sob]1 cleanly1 &   
da9ty1 ?an ! male sweep]4 ,9 su* a      
climate1 x is ( ! highe/ importance t   
all fil? %\ld be  spe$ily remov$3 !re=e 
x is e/abli%$ z a cu/om1 t !  privy %\ld
 be cleans$ s soon z soil$3 ! mat]      
att5d+ =  t purpose1 ) 8 j>roo1 & a     
tickra1 or piece ( brok5  e>!n-w>e1 into
 :i* he sweeps away ! ordure4 ,?is      
op]ation is  facilitat$ by a slight lay]
 ( grass plac$ bel[ ! seat1 :i* is      
usually ( masonry4 ,wood5 seats are     
highly objectionable2 bo? on  acc\nt (  
be+ subject to collect fil?1 & because  
!y h>b\r  c5tip$es1 scorpions1 c4 ,_m v 
ludicr\s accid5ts us$ to happ51  "s     
?irty ye>s back1 be=e a re=m 0 made 9 ! 
con/ruction (  ^! conv5i5ces2 :i* are n[
 on an admirable plan4    ,:5 a dog is  
kept1 & t !re is n occasion = reta9+ a  
pr(ess$ dooreah1 or dog-keep]1 ! mat] is
 always expect$ to  dress its victuals1 
& to supply x ) su* refuse f ! table1 z 

he may n deem wor?y 8 own acceptance4   
,! ,dooreah1 ?\gh prop]ly an out-door   
s]vant1 resid+ at !  dooreah-konnah1 or 
k5nel1 occasionally (ficiates z mat]1   
p]=m+ all ! duties ( t m5ial2 b ?is is  
r>ely done )  good w2 dooreahs1 ?\gh ( a
 ca/ held equally 9 abom9ation  ) !     
ord9>y sweep]1 by p]sons ( a diff]5t    
p]suasion1  inv>iably consid]+ !mselves 
to be f> sup]ior !reto4 ,al?\gh  conf9$ 
to "o occupation1 9 g5]al1 a dooreah c h
 v little  k ( its duties1 beyond ! m]e 
me*anical r\t9e ( dress+  a little rice1
 & meat1 = ! dogs1 & tak+ !m out = an   
air+4 ,he is usually provid$ ) a %ort   
:ip1 consi/+ ( a ?ong1  or two1 ( raw   
hide1 fa/5$ to a piece ( small bamboo2 )
 ?is he  corrects ! animals "u 8 *>ge1 !
 numb] ( :i* necess>ily  v>ies accord+  
to _! size4    ,?us1 a brace (          
greyh\nds1 or1 at ! mo/1 a lea%1 are    
consid]$ z  _m z a dooreah %\ld lead    
out2 :ile ( small dogs1 x is common  to 
see him surr\nd$ by sev5 or eight4 ,ea* 
dog has a coll>1 to :i*  a /rong metal  

r+ is sew$ v firmly3 ?is s]ves to fa/5 a
 piece  ( /\t cord1 ! o!r end ( :i* is  
loop$1 s z to pass ov] !  dooreah's h&1 
& to sit r\nd 8 wri/2 9 g5]al1 ! :ole   
are  l$ by ! left h&1 ! "r ex]cis+ !    
:ip4 ,! dress ( ?is  s]vant mo/ly       
resembles t ( ! mosaul*y3 _! pay is also
 mu*  on a p>4    ,! mann] ( prep>+     
victuals = dogs is simple3 ! dooreah1   
be+ provid$ ) a l>ge e>!n pot1          
proportion$ to ! quantity (  provision  
to be boil$1 puts 9 ! meat1 cut v small1
 ! rice1 "s  turm]ic r$uc$ to a pulp1 "s
 ghee1 or granulat$ butt]1 "s  salt1 &  
abundance ( wat]4 ,! pot is plac$ on a  
*oolah1 or  /ove1 & its cont5ts are     
/irr$ until !y are suffici5tly boil$1   
:5 !y are tak5 out2 ! wat] be+ fir/     
dra9$ (f into a  vessel1 & ! m solid    
cont5ts spread ^u a mat to cool4 ,ea*   
dog  is l$ out to sep>ate picket1 always
 9 ! gr\nd = t purpose1  & !re ti$2 s t 
he _c qu>rel ) 8 neighb\rs4 ,a p>cel  ( 
old e>!n vessels1 e :]e ab\nd+1 are     
collect$ = !  purpose ( receiv+ ea*     

dog's mess3 ! meat & rice are fir/      
allott$ among !m1 accord+ to bulk1 & !  
gravy aft]w>ds add$4  ,ea* !n receives 8
 portion2 ?\gh n )\t exhibit+1 bo? by   
vocif]ation & gre$9ess1 h[ eag] he is to
 obta9 8 meal4 ,9 ?is  mann]1 dogs are  
usually f$ night & morn+4    ,! bus9ess 
( a ,kala%y is1 prop]ly speak+1 conf9$  
ei!r to  :at relates to camp-equipage1  
or to ! managem5t ( ! sails1 &  rigg+1  
on bo>d a budjr[4 ,9 ! =m] in/ance1 he  
is expect$ to  und]/& h[ to set up t5ts 
( e description2 to pack1 &  unpack2 to 
load & unload3 to make t5t-p9s2 to sew !
 taut 7or  canvas bags17 9 :i* ea* "p ( 
a t5t is g5]ally enclos$1 :5  on !      
elephant1 camel1 bullock1 or c>t1 by :i*
 x is convey$2 to  h&le a ph\rah1 or    
mattock1 to level ! int]ior2 &1 9 %ort1 
to  compleat ! :ole prep>ation1 )9 &    
)\t4    ,_m kala%ies are extremely exp]t
 9 all ! =ego+ duties1 &  are1 besides1 
excell5t dome/ics2 n hesitat+ to p]=m a 
v>iety  ( s]vices ab\t a h\se1 su* z    
sw++ ! punkah1 7or great  fan17 susp5d$ 

9 mo/ d9+ halls1 rattan+ ! bottoms (    
*airs1  help+ to arrange1 & to cle>1    
furniture1 & do+1 besides1 !  duties (  
hirk>ahs1 or peons4 ,?is g5]al          
assemblage ( useful  tal5ts1 no d\bt1   
r5d]s ! kala%y a mo/ useful s]vant2     
h5ce1  m are reta9$ at ?is "t1 ?an 7    
=m]ly employ$4    ,z a public s]vant1   
:e!r atta*$ to ! tra9 ( artill]y1 or to 
a  qu>t]-ma/]'s e/abli%m5t1 8 m]its are 
equally conspicu\s3 9  ! =m] he is      
enroll$ 9 "s company1 9 :i* rank may be 
obta9$  by a due cont9uance ( good      
conduct4 ,?\gh 9 a private capacity he  
r>ely receives m ?an five rupees1 he    
may1 9 ! latt] in/ance1  consid] 8      
av]age pay at six rupees2 :i*1 ) ! *ance
 (  promotion to ! sev]al ranks (       
cossob1 t9dal1 & s]ang1 )  consequ5t    
encrease ( wages at ea* gradation1 is   
consid]$ a v  respectable situation4 ,8 
duty 9 ! above in/ance1 is1 h[ev]1 by   
no means trifl+3 dur+ ! :ole day he is  
employ$1 g5]ally 9 !  ars5al1 or ! /ore 
room1 or ! artill]y %$2 or1 ev5tually1 9

  draw+ timb]s1 cannon1 c4 on transport 
c>riages2 m\nt+1 or  dism\nt+ great     
guns1 clean+ arms1 work+ 9 ! laboratory1
  pil+1 or s]v+ out1 %ot2 ) a million ( 
et cet]as 9 !  v>i\s bran*es ( t        
dep>tm5t4 ,:e!r atta*$ to ! tra91 or    
s]v+ ) a regim5t ( infantry1 or cavalry1
 ! kala%y1 7or1 z  he is (t5 t]m$ :ile 9
 ! public s]vice1 ! lasc>7 mu/ be       
adroit 9 :atev] relates to              
camp-equipage1 mak+ up ammunition ( all 
k9ds1 sort+ /ores1 pack+1 load+1 s]v+1 &
 draw+  field-pieces1 limb]+1 yok+ !    
cattle1 m>k+ out l9es = a  camp2 &1 9   
%ort1 :atev] relates ei!r to ! ordnance1
 or to !  qu>t]-ma/]'s duties4 ,all     
app]ta9+ to ^! bran*es1 are  cloa!d 9   
wooll5s ( ,engli% manufacture3 ^? 9 !   
artill]y  we>+ blue jackets ) r$        
trimm+s1 & su* z app]ta9 to  regim5ts ( 
cavalry1 or ( infantry1 be+ s]v$ ) su*  
colors z  may assimilate ) ! dress ( !  
corps respectively3 unless :5 a         
quantity ( any p>ticul> color is on h& 9
 ! ,company's /ores2 9  :i* case1 x is  

dispos$ ( by v>y+ ! dress ( regim5tal   
lasc>s1 pro tempore1 z f> z x w g4    ,!
 :ole ( ! kala%ies we> blue turbans1 ( r
 a flat =m1  hav+ on _! edges a r$ tape1
 ab\t ?ree f\r?s ( an in* 9  bread?2 :i*
 greatly relieves ! sombre appe>ance (  
_! jackets4    ,! kala%ies on bo>d      
budjr[s1 :i* are g5]ally ( ! p9nace1  or
 keel$1 k9d1 may be plac$1 ne>ly on a   
foot+ ) ^? reta9$  by individuals2 all[+
 = a c]ta9 imitation ( ! public s]vant1 
& a smatt]+ 9 :at relates to ! managem5t
 ( sails4 ,?is class  is by no means    
num]\s1 be+ conf9$ entirely to ! aquatic
  equipages ( great m53 "o ( ?is        
description is by no means flatt]$  :5  
direct$ to h&le an o> on bo>d ! budjr[1 
?\gh he prides  himself 9 r[+ a         
jolly-boat furni%$ ) o>s on ! ,european 
plan4    ,! ,manjy1 ,goleeah1 & ,d&y1   
are ! /e]s-man1 b[-man1 &  common r[] 9 
a boat1 respectively4 ,:]e a g5tleman   
keeps a boat1 he  mu/ always reta9 ! two
 fir/1 &1 if 9 con/ant employ1 ! la/    
also2 or he may g5]ally1 by previ\s     

notice1 obta9 a crew (  teeka-d&ies1 t  
is1 job-wat]m51 at any ( ! ghauts1 or   
:>fs1 along ! riv]4 ,! manjy is usually 
paid f five to sev5  rupees p] m5sem2 ! 
goleeah f f\r to five2 & ! d&y f  two & 
a half to ?ree & a half1 or ev5 f\r2 all
 accord+ to !  k9d ( boat1 & ! dignity (
 ! employ]4 ,!re is no e/abli%$  dress =
 ei!r ( ! above classes2 ?\gh ! manjy w1
 9  g5]al1 be f\nd to adopt a mix$      
co/ume1 betwe5 ! kala%y &  ! mosaul*y4  
,8 bus9ess is to /e]1 & to give         
directions  reg>d+ ! sev]al op]ations   
incid5t to ! v num]\s  metamorphoses (  
circum/ances 9 riv]s p]petually *ang+ _!
  direction3 ?us1 x is by no means      
uncommon to see a budjr[ hoi/1  & l[]1  
h] sails1 take to h] o>s1 or to !       
track-rope1 "s  scores ( times dur+ !   
c\rse ( a day's progress2 j z !         
localities may r5d] necess>y4 ,:atev]   
au?ority may be ve/$ 9 a  manjy1 x is   
r>e to see "o able to en=ce 8 ord]s3 ea*
 ( !  crew has an op9ion ( 8 own2 &1    
kn[+ t 8 s]vices _c be  disp5s$ )1 w1 9 

mo/ cases1 adh]e to 8 way ( ?9k+1  until
 p]emptorily compell$ by ! ma/]'s       
int]f]5ce1 to submit to  ord]s2 or      
ov]come by absolute =ce4    ,! ,goleeah 
has p>ticul> *>ge ( ! b[1 :]e he ei!r   
r[s !  =emo/ o>1 or1 :5 necess>y1 keeps 
! boat f runn+ aga9/  ! bank1 or ^u     
%oals1 by means ( a luggy1 or bamboo    
pole1  probably ?irty feet1 or m1 9     
l5g?2 fir/ ca/+ x out 9 !  prop]        
direction1 & !n lapp+ x r\nd sev]al     
times ) ! end  ( a /rong tail-/rap1     
fa/5$ to a r+ on ! =eca/le2 s z to      
prev5t ! pole f return+4    ,^? :o h n  
witness$ ! dext]ity ( ?is class ( p1 &  
! rapidity ) :i* !y recov] _! poles1 s z
 to make repeat$  resi/ances 9 dang]\s  
situations1 c =m no idea ( ! /r5g?1     
activity1 & judgm5t1 necess>y to qualify
 a man = ?is ardu\s  situation4 ,(t5 !  
fate ( a boat dep5ds on ! c]ta9ty ( !   
goleeh's ?r[2 especially "u a cut*>1 or 
s& bank1 p]haps  tw5ty feet1 or m1 9    
height1 "u :i* a /rong curr5t cuts away 
! f\ndation1 occasion+ imm5se bodies ( !

 soil to fall 91  att5d$ by a noise     
competit+ ) ?und]4 ,"o ( ^! fall+ ^u  a 
boat1 c\ld n fail to s9k h]2 z exp]i5ce 
has too frequ5tly  prov$4 ,! v swell    
occasion$ by ! fall ( su* pond]\s &     
bulky rubbi%1 am\nt+ p]haps to fifty or 
sixty loads1 is suffici5t  to s9k !     
small] class ( vessels4 ,=tunately1 !   
cut*>s1 9  g5]al1 subside1 z x 71       
p]p5dicul>ly2 )\t ca/+ outw>ds2         
o!rwise1 no vessels c\ld navigate !     
,ganges1 or ! o!r great  riv]s1 at c]ta9
 seasons2 especially dur+ ! e>ly w9t]   
mon?s1  :5 ! cut*>s are high1 & ! curr5t
 r /rong4    ,! ,d&y c]ta9ly leads z h>d
 a life z any scav5g]'s  c>t-horse2 &   
really ,i "k n :at m picturesque in/ance
 c be  giv5 ( 8 consummate drudg]y6     
,imag9e ! effects1 ev5 ^u !  mo/ h>dy   
con/itution1 ( exposure to all wea!rs2  
at "o mom5t  "u a burn+ sun1 or numb$ by
 a cold nor!rly bla/2 by turns on  bo>d1
 or at ! track rope2 mov+ at a sl[ pace 
aga9/ a rapid  curr5t2 & wad+1 )\t !    
smalle/ hesitation1 ?r\gh a million  (  

puddles1 (t5 up to ! neck1 or ev5 oblig$
 to swim3 ! foot+  p]haps rugg$1 or     
along a heavy s&1 or a deep mud2 & ! pa?
 ly+  ?r\gh bri>s1 bord]+ /eep          
precipices6 ,all ?is ! d&y  und]goes = !
 small wages be=e specifi$2 r>ely equal 
to  ?ree-p5ce daily6 ,x is true1 he has 
"s reliance on ! produce (  ! fields he 
passes ?r\gh1 appropriat+ x1 toge!r )   
fire wood1  &1 occasionally1 "s /ray    
p\ltry1 or a kid1 to ! p>ticipation (  8
 companions4 ,nor d ?is class1 :i*      
consi/s promiscu\sly (  ,h9dus &        
,mussulmans1 act v fa/idi\sly z to !    
means (  obta9+ _! cloa?+3 !y are1      
inde$1 p]fectly dive/$ ( ^?  prejudices 
ent]ta9$ by our judges1 & law (fic]s1   
respect+ !  iniquity ( purlo9+ :atev]   
may (f] itself to _! acceptance3  f>    
o!rwise2 all is fi% t comes to _! net4  
,kn[+ su* to be  ! inv>iable disposition
 ( d&ies1 ! ,european mu/ blame         
himself1 %\ld 8 valuables be miss+ 9    
consequ5ce ( an ill-plac$  confid5ce1 or
 ( neglect 9 reg>d to secur+ 8 prop]ty1 

s f> z  may be practicable4 ,h5ce1 x is 
advisable nev] to all[ any "o ( !  crew 
to ent] ! cab9 ( a budjr[1 "u any       
pretext1 unless  att5d$ by a s]vant2 :o 
mu/ direct 8 :ole att5tion to !         
prev5tion ( !ft4 ,mo/ boats are bal$ by 
means ( a skuttle 9 !  cab93 ?is af=ds a
 v reasonable plea = entrance2 b too mu*
  caution _c be us$1 :5 t op]ation may  
be necess>y2 :i* may  be f two1 to      
fifty1 times )9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs2       
accord+ly  z ! hir] may be 9 luck reg>d+
 ! s\ndness ( 8 vessel's  bottom4    ,z 
to describ+ a d&y's dress1 t is sc>cely 
practicable2 b a  tol]able outl9e 0 giv5
 :5 treat+ ( ! passage f ! %ip  at      
,k$g]ee to ! presid5cy3 ! p]petual      
*anges f hot to cold1  & f wet to dry1  
7= ea* d&y res]ves a dry cl\t1 to put on
  :5 he returns on bo>d17 mu/1 "o w\ld  
?9k1 at all ev5ts1 keep  ! poor wret*es 
some?+ l clean1 & free f v]m94 ,su*1    
h[ev]1 is n ! case2 = :at ) r+-worms1   
it*1 & a  c]ta9 loa?some1 & infecti\s   
disease1 add$ to an inexhau/ible  /ock (

 body-creep]s1 no mortal c well be m    
disgu/+ ?an a  ,b5gal d&y4 ,x w\ld be   
inju/ice to class !m all "u "o  g5]al   
ana!ma2 !re be+1 d\btless1 "s among !m  
:o are  tol]ably clean 9 _! p]sons2 b   
su* mo/ assur$ly =m a v                 
disproportionate m9ority6    ,!         
,b]ri>ah1 or ,gurre>ah1 is a p]son :o1  
accord+ to !  g5]al cu/om ( ! c\ntry1   
devotes 8 life to t5d+ %eep &  goats2 &1
 9 mo/ situations beyond ! metropolis1  
obta9s a place  among ! usual s]vants   
att5dant ^u ! out-door conc]ns ( a      
family4 ,?is is n ow+ to ! sc>city (    
meat1 b to its bad  quality2 !re be+    
pl5ty ( %eep 9 ,india1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are  
r>ely slaught]$ = table exp5diture1 ev5 
by ! natives2 :o v  ju/ly consid] x to  
be an unclean animal1 fe$+ on all k9ds (
  fil?4 ,?is occasions !m to pref] !    
meat ( a ca/rat$ goat1  commonly        
d5om9at$ kussy1 :i* is c]ta9ly n to be  
despis$2  ?\gh its ta/e is some:at      
/rong1 & ! meat itself r co>se1  & d>k  
color$3 b x ab\nds ) fat1 & is v juicy4 

,be x  good1 or bad1 prejudice has      
proscrib$ x f ! tables ( p]sons 9       
respectable /ations1 or 9 easy          
circum/ances2 a jo9t ( baz>  mutton1 t  
is1 su* z ! but*]s sell 9 ! m>ket1 be+  
consid]$ no treat1 & prov+ extremely    
obnoxi\s to ! g5]ality  ( delicate      
p]sons3 ?\gh ,i h frequ5tly se5 !m      
p>take ( a  jo9t ( kussy1 :5 palm$ ^u !m
 z home-f$ we!r1 9 su*  /yle z l$ me to 
believe1 t ! imag9ation 0 a pr9cipal    
ag5t  9 condemn+ ! un=tunate            
goat-mutton4 ,i d n mean to d5y1 t a    
c]ta9 diff]5ce exi/s2 b1 :5 ! =m] c\ld n
 be _h1 ,i  r>ely fail$ to make an      
excell5t meal (f ! latt]2 :ile "s ( my  
m fa/idi\s fri5ds h be5 griev\sly       
disappo9t$ ( _!  d9n]s4    ,%eep may1 9 
a few in/ances1 be pur*as$ 9 tol]able   
good condition1  especially dur+ ! hot  
season1 :5 !y nibble ! %ort /ems1 &  ev5
 ! roots ( ! f9] grasses2 yet x mu/ n be
 expect$ t  any1 :i* may be procurable 9
 ! villages1 %\ld cut up well3 !y  are  
usually m]e skeletons2 & if !y h any fat

 x is ( a bad  color4 ,?is compels      
g5tlem5 to keep small flocks1 p]haps f  
?irty  to sixty1 accord+ to ! av]age (  
exp5diture2 :i*1 among (fic]s  9 ! army1
 may am\nt to "o %eep 9 e fifte51 or    
tw5ty days3  obs]v+1 t ! meat is seldom 
good1 nor ! animal comp>atively  ! bett]
 = 8 keep1 until x may h be5 put up =   
ab\t ?ree  or f\r mon?s4 ,! mo/ approv$ 
mode ( fatt+ %eep1 is to h  ab\t a doz5 
on full fe$2 all[+ z mu* gram z !y c    
well  eat2 say ab\t two p\nds daily =   
ea*3 ano!r doz5 %\ld be ^u  half fe$2   
hav+ an all[ance ( v f9e *aff to        
complete _!  diet2 or p]haps "s cut     
grass1 ! same z is br\ght 9 = horses4   
,all ^! tw5ty-f\r %eep %\ld be conf9$ 9 
an area1 enclos$  ei!r by mud walls1 or 
by rail+s ( a suitable height2 tak+ c>e 
to  all[ !m access to sweet wat]1 & to h
 a small quantity ( salt  9 a flat      
vessel1 accessible to !m at pleasure4 ,9
 ?is mann] !y  w fatt5 admirably 9 !    
c\rse ( six or sev5 mon?s2 _! fle%      
becom+ f9e gra9$1 juicy1 & high flavor$4

    ,besides ! above numb]1 ab\t z _m m 
%\ld be kept on a small  all[ance (     
gram2 all[+ !m to graze1 9 company )    
half a  doz5 mil* goats & _! kids1 "u   
*>ge ( ! b]ri>ah1 9  "s place remote f  
any camp or t[n2 s z to insure _! fe$+  
clean4 ,?is precaution may seem         
unnecess>y1 b is c]ta9ly prop]2  = all  
%eep1 especially ^? ( ,india1 are       
p>ticul>ly p>tial to  c]ta9 excrem5ts1  
ab\nd+ 9 a c\ntry :]e ! goddess is      
wor%ipp$ on ! pla9s3 ! bord]s ( tanks   
be+ p>ticul>ly !  resort ( all          
descriptions ( p]sons1 :5 press$ to pay 
_!  devoirs to ! deity4 ,! dress ( !    
b]ri>ah is usually simil>  to t ( !     
cooly2 ) ?is addition1 t1 on acc\nt ( ! 
oppressive heats at "o season2 ! heavy  
falls ( ra9 at ano!r2 &  ! %>p cold dur+
 ?ree mon?s2 he has con/ant rec\rse to a
  sub/antial blanket1 g5]ally black3 t  
be+ ! ord9>y color (  ! %eep4 ,9 ! hot  
season1 ! blanket s]ves to repel ! heat2
  dur+ ! ra9s1 to keep him dry2 & 9 !   
w9t]1 to keep him w>m4  ,z any cross    

folds1 or pleats1 w\ld infallibly r     
reta91 ?an ca/  (f1 ! ra91 ^! p h       
rec\rse to a mo/ effectual mode (       
manag+ ! blanket2 ty+ x toge!r 9 a v    
regul> mann]1 aft]  puck]+ ! longe/     
side1 & plac+ t "p ov] _! heads4        
,:atev] portion ( moi/ure may lodge )9 !
 %ort pleats above !  tie1 _c s9k       
d[nw>ds1 if ! ligature be prop]ly made2 
:ile all  ! pleats bel[ x1 be+ 9 a      
p]p5dicul> direction1 s]ve z  *annels to
 c>ry ! wat] d[nw>ds4 ,9 fact1 ! blanket
 becomes a  bell-t5t1 ( :i* ! inhabitant
 is himself ! pole4 ,! wages ( !  %eph]d
 are usually ab\t ?ree & a half1 or f\r 
rupees mon?ly2 b  "s g5tlem5 regulate !m
 by ! numb] ( %eep ma9ta9$3 ?is by  no  
means answ]s _! expectations2 = if !    
numb] be great1 "o or  two defici5cies1 
imput$ to ! wolves1 are r>ely notic$2 & 
if !  flock be small1 ! only *ance a    
%eph]d has1 is to make away ) a  fat    
%eep1 n[ & !n4 ,no %eep c be fatt$1 tak+
 all ?+s into  consid]ation1 "u f\r     
rupees1 equal to ab\t t5 %ill+s1        

includ+ ! price giv52 :i* ( late ye>s   
has ris5 to ab\t a  rupee p] head1 = su*
 z h six tee?3 all bel[ t age are       
g5]ally reject$1 because _! food goes m 
t[>ds _! gr[?1  ?an to _! fle%2 :i* is  
seldom ( a good color1 b reta9s a  c]ta9
 light hue1 l v "y beef1 until ! second 
ye> be  pass$4    ,! wool ( ! ,b5gal    
%eep is by no means valuable1 z an      
article (  comm]ce2 x be+ co>se & lank1 
m resembl+ dog's hair ?an a  fleece4 ,! 
natives manufacture a good deal ( x into
 puttoos2 :i*  may be made 9 any =m1 be+
 no?+ m ?an a v heavy close k9d  ( felt1
 :i*1 :5 well made1 /&s pro( aga9/ !    
sev]e/  wea!r4 ,! usual %ape ( ^!       
puttoos is ne>ly conical1 & m  resembles
 a bell-t5t1 ?an any ?+ n[ occurr+ to my
 memory2 !  g5]ality are made ) a bord]1
 rudely work$1 ( "s color /rongly       
contra/+ ) ! body ( ! cloak3 ?us1 a     
black puttoo w\ld  h a :ite patt]n1     
ano!r :ite puttoo a black patt]n4 ,?is  
manufacture is extremely simple1 & p]=m$
 by means ( a k9d (  c>d+ ma*9e t       

entangles ! wool2 :i* is previ\sly mix$ 
9 a  v /rong la!r ( soap4    ,i h       
already /at$1 t ! av]age price ( a %eep 
fit =  fatt+1 is ab\t a rupee2 b t price
 has only exi/$ = ab\t  tw5ty ye>s4     
,be=e t date1 ! common value ( a co>ge  
7or  score7 0 f six to eight rupees2 &  
,i recollect1 ab\t tw5ty-n9e  ye>s back1
 :5 m>*+ f ,b]hampore to ,cawnpore1 ) a 
deta*m5t  ( ,european recruits1 see+    
sev]al co>ges b\ght = _! use1 by  !     
contractor's sirc>1 at ?ree1 & ?ree & a 
half rupees6 at !  latt] rate six %eep 7
 pur*as$ = a rupee2 :i*1 9 ,briti%      
curr5cy1 w\ld be five-p5ce ea*6    ,x is
 true1 ! %eep 7 n fat2 f> f x2 be+ driv5
 into !  camp f ! flocks graz+ 9 !      
adjac5t pla9s1 &1 9 g5]al1  tak5 )\t mu*
 selection4 ,!y 7 ! only animal food we 
c\ld at  times get2 = ! ,h9dus w\ld nev]
 sell u an ox1 kn[+ x 0  int5d$ =       
slaught]4 ,not)/&+ ! v l[ rate at :i* ! 
%eep 7 pur*as$1 _m prov$ de> b>ga9s4 ,"s
 _h _! liv]s  9 su* a dreadful /ate z   
disgu/$ e spectator1 & caus$ an         

insup]able objection aga9/ ! meat3      
fluke-worms crawl$ ab\t 9  hundr$s2     
:ile1 ( _m1 ! /oma*s1 z well z !        
inte/9es1 7  completely l9$ ) bots1 :i* 
/ood z close z !y c\ld /[1  keep+ ea*   
o!r p>allel1 l p9s on a cu%ion6 ,/range 
to say1  "s few ( :i* ! entrails 7 ?us  
prey$ ^u1 seem$ z ?\gh  !y w\ld h ?riv51
 provid$ !y _h be5 turn$ into a good    
pa/ure4    ,! ,*okey-d>1 or wat*man1 is 
a v diff]5t sort ( be+ f  su* z gu>d !  
,briti% metropolis4 ,9 ,india1 no man   
d>e und]take  ?is (fice1 unless he be a 
pr(ess$ ?ief1 or 9 league ) ! local     
*ief ( all ! ?ieves ( ! di/rict4 ,7 any 
p]son ( a contr>y  description to assume
 ! protection ( a h\se1 c4 he w\ld be   
outwitt$1 &1 9 all probability be       
implicat$2 or he w\ld lose 8  life 9 !  
,quixotic attempt6 ,?is may give b an   
unfavorable idea (  ! police2 b1 on     
exam9ation1 x w be f\nd by no means s   
injuri\s to ! int]e/s ( ! public1 z     
p]sons ignorant ( !  fact1 & ( its      
d]ivation1 might suppose4 ,?iev+ is !re 

put on a  p> ) o!r speculations2 x      
becomes a monopoly1 ! invasion (  :i*   
c>ries ) x ! mo/ fatal effects4    ,to  
expla9 ?is1 ,i mu/ /ate1 t1 9 ! vic9ity 
( all great t[ns1  !re w be f\nd "s     
p]son ( app>5t respectability1 ^: ^w    
inde$ passes ) ! same validity z o!r    
m5s' bonds2 & :o is  consid]$ ! *ief ( !
 *okey-d>s1 or wat*m52 ( :i* he w       
furni% "o1 or two1 p]haps ?ree1 accord+ 
to ! ext5t1 &  situation1 ( ! premises  
to be gu>d$4    ,= ea* p]son ?us        
suppli$1 f\r rupees are paid mon?ly to !
  individual employ$2 ! head-man be+    
responsible = :atev] losses  may be     
occasion$ by pr(ess$ robb]s4 ,! *okey-d>
 att5ds dur+  ! day1 (t5 p]=m+ _m little
 (fices1 9 ! mo/ will+ &  effective     
mann]2 at night p>ad+ ab\t ) 8 spe>1    
%ield1 &  sword1 & assum+ a mo/ t]rific 
aspect1 until all ! family are  asleep2 
:5--,,he ,,goes ,,to ,,sleep ,,too666   
,?us ! matt] is compromis$2 ! gang      
receive a tribute1 & !  g5tleman is     
insur$ f nocturnal depr$ation3 ?\gh1 by 

way (  deception1 slight fe9ts are n[ & 
!n made1 9 ord] to keep up !  sy/em (   
t]ror1 & to uphold ! *okey-d>'s         
vigilance4 ,i am  s5sible1 t in/ances   
may be adduc$ ( h\ses be+ plund]$1 &  ( 
! *okey-d>s be+ cut to pieces4 ,^!1     
h[ev]1 d n confute  ! well kn[n fact ,i 
h above deliv]$2 on exam9ation x w      
always appe>1 t su* robb]ies 7 committ$ 
ei!r by "s gang  f ano!r qu>t]1 or :]e !
 premises 7 9 *>ge ( milit>y  gu>ds4    
,s audaci\s are ! ?ieves 9 ,india1 t !y 
h be5 kn[n to come  into a cantonm5t )  
light$ mosauls1 9 imitation ( a m>riage 
procession1 or ( a religi\s c]emony1 &  
?us to attack a treasury  :]e a /rong   
gu>d 0 po/$4 ,!y likewise crawl ab\t 9  
d>k  nights1 s z to be mi/ak5 = dogs1 or
 o!r small animals2 ?us  gradually lull+
 ! vigilance ( a s5try1 & mak+ _! way   
good  to ! int]ior4 ,on su* occasions _!
 bodies are usually well oil$1  !reby   
r5d]+ x impossible to reta9 a hold2 :i* 
is1 9 mo/  cases1 prev5t$ by a small %>p
 knife1 always c>ri$ 9 a girdle by  ^!  

ins9uat+ rogues3 t girdle consi/s only (
 a /\t piece (  tw9e c>ri$ r\nd ! wai/1 
support+ a lungooty1 or cl\t1  pass+    
betwe5 ! legs1 & z n>r[ z an exception f
 absolute  nudity c possibly admit4     
,:5 travell+ ?r\gh any "p ( ! ,company's
 t]ritories1 x is  prop] to require     
*okey-d>s f su* villages z may be 9 !   
vic9ity ( ! encampm5t3 on failure ( ?is 
precaution1 robb]y w  v (t5 take place1 
)\t ! mo/ di/ant *ance ei!r (  recov]+ !
 lo/ goods1 or ( trac+ ! ?ieves4 ,nor   
%\ld su*  *okey-d>s be s5t away unpaid =
 _! night's labor3 two annas1  equal to 
ne>ly f\r-p5ce1 %\ld be giv5 to ea*2    
o!rwise1  intellig5ce ( ! deficit w be  
convey$ to ! next halt+  place1 & no    
*okey-d> w be =?com+2 unless1 inde$1 "o 
(  ! collector's peons accompany1 or1 t 
8 ord] be s5t1  p>ticul>ly caution+ all 
! inhabitants to provide :atev] may be  
want+4 ,! read] mu/ n imag9e himself 9  
,engl&1 b transplant  8 ideas to a      
c\ntry :]e !re is no public place (     
accommodation1  no relay ( horses1 no   

public conveyance1 & p]haps no o!r      
,*ri/ian  )9 scores ( miles6 ,8 fancy   
may h abundance ( scope1 9  pictur+ to  
him ! v>iety ( prep>ations necess>y to  
be made be=e  a p>ty1 mu* m a s+le      
g5tleman1 breaks gr\nd1 = ! purpose (   
sport+1 or ( repair+ to "s di/ant       
/ation4 ,he w !n see h[  v necess>y x is
 to adopt ! local cu/oms1 z well z e    
means  t prud5ce c devise2 obs]v+       
p>ticul>ly1 t :5 a gratuity  is to be   
be/[$ ^u any villag]1 c4 = provisions1  
or s]vices1 he  %\ld nev] fail to see ! 
full sum paid into ! poor fell['s h&3   
o!rwise1 ! s]vants w at lea/ dim9i%1 if 
n altoge!r  )hold1 ! donation4    ,9    
consequ5ce ( ! great numb] ( s]vants t  
sleep )9 !  h\ses1 & ! circum/ance ( ea*
 dwell+ hav+ a sep>ate gateway1  :]e a  
durwan1 7or port]17 con/antly att5ds2 z 
well z ow+ to  ! great numb] ( *okies or
 patrole /ations1 e :]e to be  se52 few 
*okey-d>s are employ$ 9 ! t[n (         
,calcutta1 unless by  m]*ants :o h      
w>eh\ses full ( valuable commodities2 or

  %r(fs1 7i4e4 bank]s7 resid+ 9 t "p ( !
 t[n inhabit$  pr9cipally by natives3 at
 ! baugee*ahs1 or g>d5-h\ses1 :i*       
g5]ally /&1 l our f>m-h\ses1 at "s      
di/ance f o!r  dwell+s1 *okey-d>s are   
f\nd to be indisp5sably necess>y4 ,)9  !
 ,company's prov9ces no head *okey-d>s  
are to be se53 !re !  wat*man may p]haps
 be exempt f ! imputation ( belong+ to !
  local gang3 ?\gh circum/ances d       
sometimes au?orize ! suspicion1  t he   
aids ! p]petrators ( ! robb]y4 ,g5]ally 
speak+1  h[ev]1 !re appe>s no o/5sible  
p]son :o comes =w>d to  gu>antee !      
safety ( goods "u *>ge ( a *okey-d>3 :5 
?is  mo/ desirable assurance is want+1 !
 greate/ vigilance is sometimes         
inadequate to ! prev5tion ( !ft4 ,x is n
 a v easy matt] to  defeat ! ma*9ations 
( a mo/ exp]t b&itti1 9 a c\ntry :]e x  
is necess>y to ?r[ op5 e door1 & w9d[1  
dur+ ! night1  le/ suffocation %\ld     
ensue6    ,i h said t a ,durwan1 or     
port]1 is /ation$ at ! gate1 on         
entrance into t area1 7call$ ! comp\nd17

 )9 :i* mo/  h\ses 9 ,calcutta are      
situat$4 ,?is s]vant usually receives f 
f\r  to five rupees mon?ly1 & dresses   
little bett] ?an a cooly2  ?\gh1 9 "s   
in/ances1 he may be se5 m respectably   
cloa!d4 ,s  soon z a palanqu9 ent]s !   
gate1 ! durwan vocif]ates lu/ily2       
in=m+1 t a visitor approa*es2 :5        
imm$iately "s o!r  s]vant1 su* z a peon 
or hirk>ah1 runs to enquire ! "n1 c4    
:i* is imm$iately ann\nc$ to ! ma/] or  
mi/ress4    ,! durwan is always all[$ a 
small lodge ne> ! portal1 :]e he  is 9  
con/ant att5dance day & night4 ,:5 !    
family h retir$ to  re/1 he %uts &      
secures ! gates3 =m]ly1 x 0 an inv>iable
  rule to close !m dur+ meals1 & to     
reta9 !m 9 t /ate1 until  notice 0 s5t  
by ! head s]vant t all ! plate1 c4 7    
safe4  ,?is c]ta9ly 0 n a bad cu/om2 &1 
no d\bt1 op]at$ z a *eck  ^u _m1 :o1 b =
 su* a re/riction1 w\ld purlo9 "s       
valuable  article ( a portable          
description3 ,i regret to ?9k x %\ld h  
be5  n only relax$1 b ne>ly ab&on$3     

probably ow+ to mi/ak5  delicacy4    ,! 
,cah>1 or palanqu9-be>]1 is a s]vant (  
peculi> utility1 9 a  c\ntry :]e1 = f\r 
mon?s1 ! int5se heat precludes          
,europeans  f tak+ mu* ex]cise2 & :]e1  
dur+ a simil> t]m1 !  con/ant /ate (    
puddle1 9 e place n artificially rais$1 
&  dra9$1 at a great exp5se1 utt]ly     
precludes !m f walk+4  ,inde$1 ev5 9 !  
cold mon?s1 x is n always t ! palanqu9 c
  be disp5s$ )3 at all ev5ts2 ! *attah1 
or l>ge umbrella1 mu/  accompany4 ,_m   
g5tlem5 :o arrive dur+ ! w9t] season1   
f9d !  sun little m ?an com=table2 !y   
!re=e1 v fooli%ly1  disp5se ) ! *attah1 
& all[ !mselves to be heat$  extremely4 
,s _m in/ances h happ5$ ( p]sons be+    
c>ri$ (f  sudd5ly1 9 consequ5ce ( su*   
exposure1 t ,i _c too e>ne/ly  exhort   
all visit+ ,india1 to be v cauti\s (    
plac+ reliance on  /r5g? ( con/itution3 
! /ronge/ are 9 mo/ dang]2 on !m  fev]  
seizes firmly1 giv+ b little "t = !     
adju/m5t (  affairs1 & ev5 less scope = 
! ex]cise ( m$ical skill4    ,! numb] (1

 :at is call$1 a set ( be>]s1 v>ies     
accord+ to !  situation1 ! occupation1 &
 ! weight ( ! employ]4 ,9 ,calcutta1    
:]e !re is mu* visit+1 at lea/ sev5 mu/ 
be kept1 ( :om "o  /ays at home to cook 
victuals = ! re/2 & z ano!r ( !m w      
probably be ! sird>1 or head-be>]1 :o   
att5ds p]sonally :5  8 ma/] is dress+1 &
 g5]ally has "s *>ge ( l951 c4 he  w n1 
except on em]g5cy1 (ficiate "u ! bamboo4
 ,?us1 9  fact1 only five w be left to  
c>ry ! palanqu9 & ! umbrella2  ! man    
be>+ ! latt] at times reliev+ "o ( ! f\r
 t c>ry  ! vehicle2 & !y1 9 ex*ange1    
assum+ 8 "p ( ! labor1  alt]nately4     
,!re are1 h[ev]1 v>i\s tribes ( be>]s1  
g5]ally prov9cial1 all  ( :i* are to be 
f\nd at ,calcutta2 ^? *iefly employ$ 9 t
  capital are call$ ,ooreeahs1 i4e4     
natives ( ! prov9ce ( ,orissa2  a tract 
( c\ntry ly+ betwe5 ! ,roopn>a9 & !     
nor!rn  sirc>s3 ?is occasions !m to be  
g5]ally designat$  #8,balasore-be>]s3'  
,balasore be+ ! pr9cipal t[n4           
,language is sc>cely adequate to        

describe ! influ5ce ?is set (  m5ials _h
 obta9$1 ?r\gh\t ^? p>ts to :i* !y ext5d
 _!  s]vices2 :i* is r>ely m ?an a few  
miles ar\nd ,calcutta4 ,!y  are1 9 fact1
 a commonweal?1 gov]n$ by "o or m ( _!  
gang1 &  subject to ! regulations1 f "t 
to "t1 e/abli%$ by c\ncils  conv5$1 9 ! 
mo/ imp]i\s mann]1 by ! old sird>s2 e   
trespass aga9/ :i* is att5d$ )1 n only  
imm$iate puni%m5t1  by means ( ejection 
f among _! society 9 ! t[n1 b           
absolutely by a species ( out-lawry1 ev5
 9 _! own c\ntry6    ,to su* a pit* _h  
^! g5try c>ri$ _! audacity1 t1 m ?an    
once1 !y )drew f ,calcutta1 leav+ its   
inhabitants 9 ! mo/  awkw>d pr$icam5t1  
until !y ?\ght fit to return1 or t _!   
insol5t dem&s 7 compli$ )4 ,if any (f5ce
 be giv5 to "o or  m1 especially to a   
:ole set1 ! matt] is in/antly submitt$  
to  _! sup]iors2 :o h1 on _m occasions1 
issu$ _! m&ate1  int]dict+ all ,ooreeahs
 f engag+ 9 ! (f5d]'s s]vice4  ,:]e real
 injury is done1 !y nev] fail to c>ry ! 
matt] ei!r  be=e ! commission]s ( !     

police1 or into ! supreme c\rt3 !  co/s 
be+ defray$ by a g5]al assessm5t4 ,!    
prud5ce ) :i*  !y proce$1 9 ?is mode (  
prosecution1 is by no means unwor?y (   
notice2 if imitat$ by "s ( our own      
litigi\s spirits1 x c\ld n  fail to save
 inf9ite vexation1 tr\ble1 & exp5ce4 ,!y
 put ! case1  v fairly1 be=e a fictiti\s
 tribunal1 consi/+ ( sirc>s1  writ]s1 c4
 :o1 hav+ be5 employ$ by g5tlem5 ( !    
law1 h  pick$ up a smatt]+ ( t          
pr(ession1 & are p]fectly acqua9t$  )   
all ! =ms att5dant ^u mo/ civil causes4 
,^! #8base  epitomes ( legal greatness' 
possess wond]ful %rewdness2 &1 by means 
( two fictiti\s advocates ( a           
correspond+ description1 :o1 ) an       
acut5ess sc>cely to be equall$1 argue _!
 respective sides ( !  "q1 i4e4 pla9tiff
 & def5dant1 are enabl$ to decide on !  
case ) /rict propriety4 ,! fact is1 t   
?is mock c\rt1 be+  in/itut$ = ! purpose
 ( prev5t+ any native1 :o *ooses to h  8
 cause plead$ be=e x1 f be+ entangl$ 9 t
 glori\s net  ( p]plexity1 ! supreme    

c\rt1 e endeavor is made to sift !      
sev]al turns & argum5ts1 t may be       
resort$ to by ! def5dant4  ,consequ5tly1
 x is ev] ! /udy ( ! accus+ p>ty to     
/r5g!n  8 oppon5t's side1 ) e subtlety t
 c be devis$4 ,! sages  give _! op9ions 
! same z 9 our c\rts2 b are v cauti\s   
nev] to decide 9 favor ( a pla9tiff1    
unless ! case appe>s fully  e/abli%$4   
,x is a well-kn[n fact1 t1 ) ! exception
 ( a few haughty1  op9ionat$            
individuals1 :o1 rely+ on _! own        
judgm5t1 &  ?9k+ su* a resort w\ld      
degrade !m1 or p]haps discov] t  *ican]y
 on :i* !y rely = success1 omit ! above 
v sagaci\s  precaution1 sc>cely an      
in/ance is to be f\nd :]e a native1     
resid+  9 ,calcutta1 has fail$ to ga9 8 
cause aga9/ an ,european4 ,to su* a     
tribunal1 z above describ$1 ! ,ooreeahs 
almo/ inv>iably resort2  :51 if its     
decision is 9 _! favor1 ! real c\rt soon
 becomes  arbit] on ! occasion4    ,x is
 p]haps =tunate = ! inhabitants 7,i mean
 ! ,european  families7 ( ,calcutta1 t1 

)9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 great numb]s  (    
,patna1 ,dacca1 & o!r cah>s1 or be>]s1 h
 resort$ to  ! presid5cy1 to p>ticipate 
9 ^? s]vices =m]ly monopoliz$ by  !     
,ooreeahs4 ,! latt]1 aft] "s /ruggle1 by
 endeavor+ to  intimidate _! rivals1 &  
by deb>r+ ! teeka1 or job-be>]s1  :o 7  
=m]ly1 to a man1 ( ! ,balasore tribe1 f 
s]v+1 ev5  = ! day1 ^? :o reta9$ ,patna1
 or o!r cah>s1 71 9 !  end1 oblig$ to   
l[] _! tone1 & r to conciliate1 ?an to  
arrogate1 ^u all occasions4 ,n t !y are 
by any means reconcil$  to ! new sy/em2 
b !y f9d _! m&ates ( less =ce1 _!       
influ5ce ne>ly ext+ui%$1 & _! numb]s    
consid]ably decreas$3  at lea/1 !y be>  
no proportion to ! cah>s f ! c\ntry2 :o 
n[ ply = teeka1 i4e4 job-"w1 9 e qu>t]4 
,/ill x mu/ n be d5i$1 t ! ,ooreeahs    
are1 9 "s respects1  excell5t s]vants3  
!y are v c>eful ( furniture2 & be+      
able-bodi$ m5 9 g5]al1 are capable1 ev5 
) less numb]s1 (  proce$+ great         
di/ances3 !y are1 besides1 f> m cleanly 
9 _!  p]sons1 & neat] 9 _! dress2 :i*1  

h[ev]1 consi/s m]ely ( a  doty1 wrapp$  
r\nd ! middle1 & tuck$ 91 toge!r ) a    
wrapp]1 to be ?r[n ov] !m 9 v inclem5t  
wea!r1 b usually  fold$ up1 & c>ri$ ov] 
! %\ld]4 ,:5 _! heights are  unequal1 !y
 use a small quilt$ pad1 ( l951 /uff$ ) 
rags1 or  cotton1 :i* is susp5d$ f !    
palanqu9 pole1 or bamboo1 & be+  plac$  
betwe5 x & ! %\ld] ( ! %orte/ be>] ( !  
two1  7!y c>ry+ 9 pairs1 two be>]s be=e1
 & two beh9d1 s]ves to  br+ ab\t an ev5 
be>+ on ea*4    ,! ,balasore be>]s1 i4e4
 ! ,ooreeahs1 all pres]ve b "o lock  on 
! top ( _! heads1 ! same z ! sirc>s1 &  
o!r ,h9dus  9 g5]al2 !y we> no turban1 b
 pa9t _! faces1 arms1 ?roats1  & brea/s1
 ) s&al-wood & v]milion4 ,"s we> a few  
small  beads1 *iefly ( turn$ wood1 ab\t 
_! necks2 &1 occasionally1 a  /\t silv] 
ornam5t1 ( ! r+ k9d1 call$ a bangle1 or 
kurrah1  on ei!r wri/1 or a pair (      
tig]s' claws set 9 silv]1 back to back1 
susp5d$ by a numb] ( black ?reads f _!  
necks4 ,?is is  consid]$ a pot5t *>m    
aga9/ ,j'haddoo1 or wit*craft3 & a      

prev5tative ( v>i\s dang]\s diseases4 ,x
 is peculi>1 t !  ,ooreeah be>]s nev]   
we> %oes1 & t !y pref] cloa?s ( an      
almond color4 ,! numb] ( ,ooreeahs 9 a  
s+le set1 is g5]ally1 z  be=e /at$1     
sev53 ! head-be>] or sird>1 receiv+     
five1 or  ev5 six1 rupees mon?ly2       
sometimes a mate receives1 or is said to
  receive1 five1 & ! residue ab\t f\r4  
,=m]ly ! rates 7  g5]ally "o rupee less 
?an ! above = ea* rank3 b #8! hay 0     
made :ile ! sun %one1' & ^! g5try did n 
fail1 :ile 9  p[]1 to raise _!          
respective wages4    ,:]e !re is a lady 
9 ! family1 ?ree m be>]s mu/ be add$2   
or p]haps five3 & a good com=table      
build+ mu/1 at all ev5ts1 be  set ap>t =
 ^! dom9e]+ s]vants3 )\t t is done1 !y  
w n /ay4 ,nor w !y h&le a *illum*ee1 7or
 wa%-h&  bason17 aft] x has be5 us$3    
?\gh !y w (ficiate 9 p\r+  ! wat]1 s]v+ 
! napk91 lay+ ! %av+ app>atus1 & a      
v>iety ( matt]s =m]ly suppos$ to be     
repugnant to _! t5ets2  b :i* objections
 are n s mu* insi/$ ^u s9ce ! c\ntry    

cah>s h resort$1 9 su* numb]s1 to       
,calcutta1 & aid$ to  ov]?r[ t imm5se   
edifice ( insol5ce1 imposition1 & pride1
 s  conspicu\sly re>+ its head2 :]e(1   
=tunately1 ! f\ndation 0  ?us de/roy$4  
,i p]fectly recollect ! "t1 &1 inde$1 ! 
matt]  is n yet obsolete1 :5 ! c\ncil1 z
 ! sird> va9ly t]m$  _! meet+1 us$ to   
s5d _! summons to any ,ooreeah 9 an     
,european's s]vice2 &1 9 case ( refusal1
 or neglect1 mulct$ !  p>ty accord+ to  
_! pleasure4 ,?us1 no individual1 h[ev] 
atta*$  to 8 ma/]1 or tir$ ( ! noxi\s & 
tyrannic m&ates ( !  sird>s d>$ to      
disobey2 ! smalle/ relaxation 9 po9ts ( 
=be>ance1 or 9 ! lea/ t5d+ to augm5t !  
duties ( ! :ole  class1 :e!r            
individually or collectively1 0 c]ta9ly 
foll[$ by  ! mo/ sev]e inhibitions1 & by
 fulm9ations1 p]fectly t]rific to  ^?   
br\ght up 9 ignorance1 & "u ! complete  
dom9ation ( a  p]secut+ prie/hood4 ,a   
few in/ances occurr$ :]e9 ! ma/]s  almo/
 =cibly deb>r$ _! s]vants f ob$i5ce to !
  adjudications ( ?is ov]be>+           

usurpation2 b x 0 9 va93 !  gov]nm5t1   
p]haps prud5tly1 disc\rag$ e attempt to 
*ange !  sy/em2 :ile ! ,supreme ,c\rt1  
!n newly rob$1 & pant+ = !  ex]cise (   
p[]1 :]eby to %ew _! ext5sive au?ority1 
& _!  s$ul\s att5tion to ! rights ( #8an
 oppress$ p'1 favor$ e  compla9t :]e9 a 
native 0 to be r$ress$3 ?is 0 done ) !  
view to annihilate ^? multif>i\s        
extortions1 & sev]ities1 n to  say      
cruelties1 "u :i* x 0 suppos$ !y 7      
groan+4 ,! f>ce  _h its day1 l all o!r  
good f>ces2 b1 9 ! end1 ,blacky f\nd    
out t law 0 v exp5sive1 & t x _h s _m   
ins & outs1  ) :i* !y 7 !n unacqua9t$1 t
 ! disease =tunately  c>ri$ its own     
rem$y3 ! fact1 z x n[ /&s1 be+ simply   
?is2  t all are ready en\gh to compla9  
to a ju/ice1 b are v %y  ( br++ !       
subject be=e a judge6    ,:]e be>]s are 
n con/antly want$1 7a v uncommon case1  
by !  by17 ! be/ mode is to hire        
teeka-be>]s1 :5 occasion may dem&3  =   
ord9>y excursions1 five are usually     
employ$2 ea* receiv+ f\r  annas1 or !   

qu>t] ( a rupee1 daily4 ,?is has its    
advantages1 &  its disadvantages2 = x is
 n always ^! job-m5 are to be _h2 nor  w
 !y come at ! h\r appo9t$2 !n1 aga91 !y 
mu/ g 7!  ,"l kn[s :]e7 to _! meals2 &  
!y are by no means s c>eful (  !        
palanqu91 c4 z regul> s]vants2 nor w !y 
att5d to a  v>iety ( 9-door matt]s1 :i* 
may be p]emptorily requisite4 ,x mu/    
fur!r be obvi\s1 t1 if ! occasions =    
employ+ !m be  num]\s1 !y w prove v     
exp5sive3 consequ5tly1 c only suit  ^?  
^: incomes are conf9$1 & ^: ord9>y      
avocations d n  lead !m fur!r ?an may be
 walk$1 )\t dang]1 or great             
inconv5i5ce1 "u ! %ade ( a *attah1 or   
umbrella4 ,x is  evid5t1 t "o sird> at  
five1 "o mate at f\r & a half1 &  five  
be>]s at f\r ea*1 am\nt only to         
tw5ty-n9e rupees & a half  p] m5sem2    
:]eas five teekas1 if employ$ e day at a
 rupee &  a qu>t] daily1 w am\nt to     
?irty-sev5 rupees & a half4 ,?is  w\ld  
be l rid+ 9 a ,hackney-coa* all day1 :5 
an excell5t  equipage might be kept =   

less money4    ,! ,patna1 ,dacca1 & o!r 
up-c\ntry be>]s1 9 g5]al receive less   
wages ?an ! ,ooreeahs2 b require to be m
 num]\s 9 a set2 few  consi/+ ( less ?an
 eight1 includ+ ! sird>1 :o g5]ally     
rema9s at home4 ,8 usual wages are f f\r
 & a half to five  rupees1 & ! re/      
receive f ?ree up to f\r rupees mon?ly2 
accord+ to circum/ances4 ,:5 9 _! own   
c\ntry1 !y s]ve =  less wages ?an :5    
employ$ else:]e4 ,^? at ,dacca1 :]e     
provisions are v *eap1 seldom h m ?an   
two1 ( two rupees &  a half2 & x is     
wond]ful h[ reluctant !y are to quit t  
"p (  ! c\ntry1 ev5 "u a v consid]able  
advance ( pay2 !re=e1  :5 a corps m>*es 
f ! ,dacca di/rict1 e endeavor is made  
to  procure be>]s :o are go+ to ! sev]al
 di/ricts ly+ 91 or  ne>1 ! r\te4 ,?is  
is sometimes att5d$ ) consid]able       
conv5i5ce2 s9ce x obviates ! necessity (
 ex*ang+ s]vants  :ile on ! m>*2 x be+  
extremely common = be>]s to proce$  only
 to an appo9t$ t[n1 !re to leave _!     
employ]1 :o mu/ use  8 endeavors to     

obta9 o!rs 9 _! /ead4 ,?us1 9 m>*+ f  ! 
fronti] to ,luckn[1 or ,cawnpore1 x is  
necess>y to obta9 a new  set ( be>]s at 
ei!r ( ^? places1 to proce$ to ,b5>es2  
at  ,b5>es !y w engage probably to g no 
fur!r ?an ,patna1 if  proce$+ by ! riv] 
r\te2 or1 if by ! new road1 only to     
,haz>y-,bang1 or p]haps to              
,rogonautpore1 or to ,bissunpore2 :]e a 
f9al  ex*ange mu/ be made1 = a set t w  
proce$ to ,calcutta1  ,midnapore1 c4    
,yet x _c be said t ?is occasions any v 
s]i\s difficulty2 ! occurr5ce be+ s     
common1 & ! prices s  well settl$ by !  
ord9>y practice1 t1 unless a g5tleman   
has !  "* ( us+ 8 s]vants ill1 !re      
seldom appe>s any defici5cy  ( c&idates 
= employm5t4    ,be>]s1 ( all           
descriptions1 are extremely apt to c>ry 
too mu*  luggage = !mselves1 /[+ x1 to  
an unm]ciful am\nt1 on ! back  ( "s poor
 camel1 or on "s c>t1 :i* _! ma/] ?9ks  
is v  lightly lad54 ,! mis*ief is n     
suspect$1 until he notices1 day  aft]   
day1 ! late arrival ( 8 baggage1 or     

receives a report t  8 cattle h sore    
backs1 c4 c42 :i* mu/1 ( c\rse1 prove   
highly  pleas+ 9 situations :]e no      
sub/itutes = ! disabl$ bea/s c  be f\nd6
    ,let me recomm5d my mode ( correct+ 
?is evil2 "u :i* ,i 0 s  (t51 & s       
griev\sly1 a suff]]1 t1 at l5g?1 a      
radical cure  became indisp5sable4 ,i   
made a po9t ( lagg+ beh9d sometimes1 or 
p]haps ( rid+ back1 & ( /opp+ my camels1
 c41 to see :at1  besides my own        
prop]ty1 might be on _! backs4 ,x is    
inconceivable  :at bundles ( cloa?s1    
pots1 & pans1 7 bur!n$3 nay1 ev5        
p]roquets sometimes =m$ a "p ( ! gr\p4  
,9 ! fir/ in/ance1  ,i gave fair w>n+1 t
 :atev] 0 f\nd ?us cl&e/9ely lad51  %\ld
 be de/roy$3 aft] t1 ,i sp>$ no?+2 b    
caus$ all !  brass vessels to be beat up
 ) a t5t-mallet1 & ! re/ ( !  luggage to
 be burnt4 ,! consequ5ce 0 su* z might  
be expect$2 my  baggage 0 always up 9   
excell5t "t1 & my cattle 7 no m  *af$1 &
 gall$1 by excessive bur!ns4    ,i      
anticipate ! obs]vation1 t1 #8! driv]s 7

 to blame4' ,true1  b few ( !m h !      
resolution to )/& solicitation1 or1     
p]haps1 a small d\ceur1 9 "s %ape or    
o!r2 & z to dis*>g+  !m1 x is n always  
practicable1 ! greate/ fe> be+ t !y     
%\ld dis*>ge !mselves4 ,elephants &     
camels mu/ n be put into  ! h&s (       
novices3 nei!r w !y always submit to be 
rul$ by  /rang]s4    ,z ,i h j said1 !  
be>]s are almo/ always pr9cipally       
conc]n$  9 ^! in/ances2 ! reason = :i*  
is1 t e o!r s]vant  has usually "s      
family1 or goes %>e 9 "s tattoo1        
7poney17 :i*  conveys 8 luggage3 n t !y 
w\ld be a :it m scrupul\s1 7  x n = !   
fe> ( discov]y2 to :i* !y w\ld be       
peculi>ly  liable4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !      
,be>]1 be+ p]haps m]ely a tempor>y      
s]vant2 &1 if ,i may s t]m x1 an ali5 9 
! camp1 has no su*  means ( dispos+ ( 8 
luggage1 z falls to ! lot ( ! regul>    
s]vants3 besides1 all ?is tribe are ei!r
 mo/ p5uri\s1 or mo/  dissipat$4 ,!y    
ei!r ho>d e c[rie2 or run 9 debt1 & !n1 
to avoid paym5t--run away4    ,!        

imm$iate bus9ess ( a head-be>] is to    
prep>e = 8 ma/]'s  dress+2 see+ t ! l95 
is all prop]ly 9 ord]1 boots &  %oes    
clean$1 coat1 c4 bru%$1 side-arms1 c4   
bright2 also t !  palanqu9 is clean1 &  
free f defect2 t ! wat] us$ =  dr9k+ be 
purifi$2 t ! kettle is put on 9 due "t3 
9 g5]al1  ! inf]ior be>]s clean !       
furniture1 & c>ry ! *[ry1 7or  :isk17 & 
sw+ a k9d ( punkah1 7or fan17 made ei!r 
f a l>ge  palm leaf1 or ) split bamboo1 
& pr9t$ cotton2 ( :i* pieces are  to be 
_h /amp$ expressly = t purpose2 !y are  
swung backw>ds  & =w>ds to cool a room3 
! butt ( ! punkah-/ick re/+ on  ! gr\nd4
 ,a punkah is1 by "s1 us$ in/ead ( a    
*attah1 7or  umbrella72 b x is v inf]ior
 z a def5ce aga9/ ei!r sun1  w9d1 or    
ra94 ,! natives 9 "s p>ts1 especially to
 ! nor?w>d1  use ^! punkahs v g5]ally2  
b1 ( late1 !y seem to h  r *ang$ 9 favor
 ( ! *attah1 great numb]s ( :i* are n[  
convey$1 z an article ( m]*&ize1 f ! l[]
 prov9ces to  ,b5>es1 ,luckn[1 c4    ,! 
dress ( ! cah>1 by :i* ,i mean !        

up-c\ntry be>]s1  usually consi/s ( a   
color$ turban1 blue be+1 if any?+1 !    
prevail+ color2 ! head-be>] g5]ally has 
a %ort coortah1 n  unlike t ( !         
mosaul*y1 &1 z well z all ! inf]iors1   
we>s  a doty1 9 ! usual mann]3 ?\gh "s  
few we> a k9d (  petticoat-tr[s]1 n     
unlike ! ,highl& kelt4 ,cumm]-bunds are 
also  9 g5]al use2 ?\gh1 ) few          
exceptions1 ( a v co>se quality4  ,_m   
g5tlem5 pres5t _! be>]s1 hirk>ahs1      
peons1 syces1  kh$mutg>s1 & mosaul*ies1 
annually1 ) a set ( turbans &           
cumm]-bunds1 all ( ! same color2 s t !  
:ole appe>1 to a  c]ta9 ext5t1 9 liv]y4 
,9 ?is indulg5ce _m ( ! natives take    
great pride3 on ! :ole1 inde$1 !y are z 
va9 z our beau-footm52  &1 l !m1 c      
assume wondr\s airs1 :5 !y h to deal )  
! s]vant ( a p]son inf]ior 9 rank to _! 
own ma/]4    ,:ile speak+ ( be>]s1 ,i   
%all describe ! v>i\s k9ds (  palanqu9s 
9 use2 obs]v+1 t ! greate/ improvem5ts1 
:i*  p]haps ev] took place 9 any        
vehicle1 h be5 br\ght =w>d 9 !          

con/ruction ( ?is s9e qu non ( ,indian  
luxury4 ,9 ord] to  pres]ve due ord]1 ,i
 %all comm5ce ) a description ( !       
naulke51 or naulkee1 x be+ ! fir/ 9 rank
 among !  contrivances ( ?is            
description4    ,?is imm5se c>riage is  
only us$ by cr[n$ heads1 & may be       
comp>$ to a portable ?rone1 on :i* !    
pr9ce sits ) 8 feet  cross$1 & tuck$ up 
"u 8 hams1 7! usual sitt+ position (    
,asiatics17 hav+ at 8 back an imm5se    
pill[1 & "u him a  suitable b$d+1 bo?   
sumptu\sly ornam5t$2 besides ^!1 _m     
small] pill[s lie scatt]$ ab\t1 to be   
appli$ z may be f\nd  agreeable4 ,!     
frame ( ! naulke5 may be ab\t five feet 
long by  f\r broad1 well secur$ at !    
corn]s1 & tap$ at ! bottom 9 a  v close 
mann]1 bo? l5g?wise & bread?wise1 s z to
 leave no  int]/ices4 ,! sides are rais$
 ) ri*ly c>v$ wood-"w1  g5]ally gild$ 9 
a v %ewy /yle4 ,! naulke5 is c>ri$1  l a
 litt]1 by eight m51 :o support two     
poles1 "o runn+ "u  ea* side-b>1 &      
project+ be=e & beh9d2 two be>]s be+ at 

ea* extremity1 ! same z 9 a palanqu94   
,?is vehicle1 ?\gh x  appe>s extremely  
pond]\s1 is said1 by ! be>]s1 to be f>  
light] ?an "o ( ^? ,mahannah-palanqu9s  
,i am ab\t to  describe3 no d\bt b eight
 m5 mu/ feel less pressure1             
individually1 f su* a weight1 suppos+ x 
to be equal to t (  ! mahannah1 :i* is1 
to say ! tru?1 a v heavy1 ?\gh a  v     
com=table1 ma*9e4    ,! dooly1 or cov]$ 
litt]1 0 c]ta9ly ! p>5t ( all !         
palanqu9 k9d2 x is yet 9 v common use   
among ! less opul5t  classes1 &         
especially employ$ = ! conveyance (     
wom52 9 our  armies ?is little vehicle  
af=ds excell5t means1 ( transport+ sick 
& w\nd$ m51 ei!r to ! hospitals1 or on a
 m>*4 ,its usual  con/ruction is        
extremely simple2 consi/+ ( a small     
c>poy1 or  b$/ead1 p]haps five feet by  
two & a half2 hav+ f\r /ump feet1  ab\t 
n9e or t5 in*es f ! gr\nd1 into :i* !   
sides1 & end  pieces1 are t5on$4 ,a v   
slight frame ( bamboo "w1 equal 9 size  
to ! frame ( ! litt]1 is plac$ ov] x    

horizontally2 s]v+ z a  ro( = ! support 
( a d\ble cov]1 7g5]ally ( r$ k>wah1 or 
( blue1 or :ite calico17 :i* lies ov] ! 
ro(1 & falls all  ar\nd2 s z to enclose 
! :ole space betwe5 ! ro( & !  b$/ead4  
,!re is seldom any b$d+ b :at is provid$
 by ! p>ty  c>ri$ 9 ! dooly2 unless x be
 "o app]ta9+ to "s family1  !reby x is  
frequ5tly us$3 9 su* case1 ! int]ior is 
made v  com=table1 & ! cov] ornam5t$ )  
bord]s1 fr+es1 c4 ,?is  la/ k9d1 be+    
almo/ exclusively appropriat$ to !      
z5anah1 is on  a v small scale2 r>ely   
exce$+ ?ree feet1 by little m ?an  two3 
( su*1 ?\s&s are to be hir$ at          
,calcutta1 & mo/ ( !  prov9cial t[ns4   
,!y c>ry v easy2 (t51 inde$1 hav+ only  
two  be>]s "u ! bamboo1 ) "o c>ry+ a    
bangy1 or a bundle1 :o  relieves ! o!rs 
occasionally2 b1 = ! mo/ "p1 f\r be>]s  
are employ$4 ,! clos5ess ( ! int]ior1   
add$ to ! v trifl+  elevation1 7:]eby ! 
du/ _c fail to be (f5sive17 & ! v       
insuffici5t gu>d aga9/ ra91 comb9e to   
r5d] ?is vehicle by no  means pre-em95t 

= com=t2 especially to delicate females4
    ,x %\ld seem t1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 an  
improvem5t 0 made 9  ! con/ruction (    
litt]s1 by giv+ ! bamboo1 or pole1 a    
consid]able ar* 9 t "p :i* w5t ov] !    
int]ior4 ,?us !  frame 0 rais$          
consid]ably2 :ile ! rid] 0 enabl$ to sit
  upright1 r m conv5i5tly ?an :5 !      
bamboo 0 /raight3  ?is1 h[ev]1 c\ld only
 be done t[>ds ! c5tre2 ! legs be+      
cross$ "u ! hams1 accord+ to ! usual    
sitt+ position ( !  natives4 ,to !m1 su*
 a po/ure1 be+ confirm$ by long habit1 9
 use  f _! infancy1 is a relaxation2    
:]eas1 to a p]son n s  accu/om$1 no?+ c 
be m irksome & fatigu+4 ,gradually1 !   
sides ( ! vehicle 7 ornam5t$1 & *ang$ f 
! simple  p>allelogram to an oblongat$  
hexagon2 :i* is n[ v common3 !  bamboo 0
 also yet m ar*$1 & its ant]ior         
projection c>ri$ out  9 an upw>d curve  
to ! l5g? ( full twelve feet or m3 x 0  
also cov]$ ) broad-clo? ?r\gh\t2 t "p   
above ! seat be+  ornam5t$ ) silk fr+es1
 & ! =e-end furni%$ ) a brass  ornam5t2 

ei!r a tig]'s1 or an alligator's head1  
or p]haps "s  imag9>y non-descript1     
plac$ at ! end ( a brass f]ule1 enclos+ 
! bamboo = half a y>d at lea/4    ,/ill 
!re 0 abundant room = amelioration2 b ! 
natives c\ld  brook no encroa*m5t on !  
publicity ?us giv5 to _! p]sons1  :ile  
seat$ 9 a vehicle1 :i*1 ow+ to ! weight 
be+ ne>ly on a  level ) ! be>]s' %\ld]s1
 7a great portion1 namely1 ! head  &    
%\ld]s1 be+ f> above x7 add$ to ! awkw>d
 ar* above1  :i* op]at$ z a lev]1 0     
peculi>ly un/eady2 ev] ?reat5+ to  upset
 ) ! lea/ inatt5tion to equipoise4 ,!   
dang] ( add+ to  ! sup]9cumb5t weight1 (
 :i* ! mis*ief 0 s5sibly felt1  caus$ a 
slight r$uction ( ! lev]1 by l5g!n+ !   
susp5d+  la?s a few in*es1 s z to l[] ! 
c5tre ( gravity4 ,b1 by way (           
recomp5ce1 p]haps1 = ! suppos$          
degradation1 a ri* cov]+ (  broad-clo? 0
 ?r[n ov] ! ar*2 hav+ 9 x sev]al        
bamboo-la?s  runn+ at "r angles ) !     
bamboo2 & =m+ a canopy1  correspond+ 9  
=m ) ! curve1 ab\t f\r & a half feet 9  

wid?2 ( :i* ! corn]s 7 ti$ d[n to ^? ( !
 palanqu9  frame1 & ! edges 7 trimm$ )  
an op5 quadrat$1 or reticulat$  fr+e1   
full six in*es 9 dep?4    ,z x w\ld be a
 s9 to spoil s co/ly an awn+1 x 0 tak5  
(f 9  bad wea!r1 & put into a bag made (
 wax-clo?1 to be c>ri$ on "o  ( ! be>]s'
 %\ld]s2 9 ! mean :ile1 a l>ge %eet1 ( !
 same  mat]ial1 0 ?r[n ov] ! bamboo1 to 
keep ! inhabitant f be+  wa%$ away4 ,x  
is n above tw5ty-five ye>s back1 t ?is  
k9d (  palanqu9 0 9 use among !         
,european resid5ts ( ,india1 &          
especially among ! milit>y4    ,probably
 9 consequ5ce ( a pa9t$ canvas awn+ be+ 
us$1 curv+  d[n gradually at ! sides1 n 
unlike a te/udo1 ?is ma*9e 0  call$ a   
#8fly-palanqu94' ,x 01 h[ev]1 made full 
six feet 9  l5g?1 & ( a com=table       
bread?1 be+ also furni%$ ) a good  pill[
 or two1 & a neat b$d+1 /uff$ ) t k9d ( 
cotton  kn[n by ! "n ( seemul4 ,! bamboo
 frame1 on :i* ! canvas 0  /ret*$1 & (  
:i* a ruffle ab\t six in*es 9 dep?      
rema9$  p5dant1 0 l9$ ) color$ silk1    

*9tz1 c4 giv+ ! int]ior  r a f9i%$      
appe>ance4 ,i h no d\bt b ! =m ( ?is k9d
  ( palanqu91 z 9 use among ! natives1  
gave rise to ! use (  punkahs1 9        
pref]5ce to *attahs2 x mu/ be obvi\s t !
  =m]1 be+ flat1 & furni%$ ) a fl\nce   
full half a y>d 9  dep?1 0 m con=mable  
to ! lat]al ap]tures ?an an umbrella    
c\ld be2 :ile1 at ! same mom5t1 x 0 f> m
 portable 9 pass+  ?r\gh ^? n>r[ /reets 
& gullies1 *>act]iz+ e great  city 9    
,india4    ,"t #8a/oni%$ ! natives1' z  
well z ! ,europeans1 by br++  =? !      
,mahannah-palanqu94 ,?is vehicle1 n[ s  
common1 has  entirely bani%$ !          
fly-palanqu91 ( :i* x w\ld probably be  
difficult to f9d "o 9 use ) any         
,european ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry3  s g5]al1   
inde$1 has be5 ! adoption ( ! =m]1 t _m 
(  ! natives1 9 e "p1 n[ ei!r ride 9    
mahannahs1 or h  _! doolies con/ruct$ 9 
imitation ( !m4 ,! mahannah  resembles  
an imm5se *e/1 /&+ on f\r feet1 rais+ x 
ne>ly a  foot f ! gr\nd4 ,ab\t two-fif?s
 ( ea* side is op51 s]v+ =  a door2 !   

residue be+ usually clos$ up1 ei!r ) v  
?9  pannels1 or ) canvas1 lea!r1 c4 ,!  
doors are sometimes made to  close1 by  
means ( two ,v5etian frames1 t1 :5      
br\ght f _!  recesses1 meet 9 ! c5tre1 b
 at o!r times run back1 on small  metal 
:eels1 9 grooves beh9d ! pannels        
respectively4    ,! ro( is made ( v ?9  
pannell+ bo>d1 laid longitud9ally ov]   
slight batt5s a little camb]$2 ?\gh "s  
are q flat3 ov] !  bo>ds a /\t1 b ?91   
canvas is well /ret*$1 & bead$ d[n at  !
 edges3 ?is is usually pa9t$ :ite4 ,!   
=e1 & back1 p>ts are  9 g5]al clos$1 ) !
 exception ( two small ,v5etian1 or     
p]haps  glass1 w9d[s1 ne> ! top2 to all[
 a draught ( air4 ,! ext]ior is  pa9t$  
accord+ to ! fancy ( ! proprietor2 (t5 v
 h&somely1  & well v>ni%$4 ,! front &   
h9d poles atta* at ab\t  ?ree-fif?s up !
 body ( ! vehicle2 be+ rivett$ to iron  
ribs1  firmly screw$ by means ( div]g+  
claws to ! ma9 pieces1 !y are  fur!r    
/eadi$ by iron /ays1 proce$+ f ! top &  
bottom  corn]s1 ( ea* end respectively1 

to ! pole2 to :i* !y are bolt$  at ab\t 
eighte5 in*es f ! body4 ,! poles are    
always cov]$  ) lea!r4    ,! body ( a   
mahannah is g5]ally ab\t six feet1 or   
six feet two  in*es long1 & f tw5ty-six 
to ?irty in*es 9 wid?2 ! height  is     
suffici5t to all[ a tall p]son's sitt+  
upright1 )\t a hat4  ,! b$d+s ( mo/ are 
cov]$ ) *9tz ( neat patt]ns2 :ile a     
small piece ( c>pet1 tig]'s-sk91        
morocco-lea!r1 or "s su*  article1 is   
spread at ! feet1 to prev5t its be+     
soil$4    ,9 mo/ mahannahs !re are      
racks1 :i* s]ve to support ! back2  o!rs
 are provid$ ) two small1 or "o l>ge    
pill[1 also cov]$  ) *9tz4 ,above !     
doors x is common to screw 9 flat brass 
knobs1  :]eon to button ei!r canvas or  
lea!r curta9s1 t w roll up              
occasionally1 & buckle l ! aprons (     
gigs1 c43 !re are also  /uds1 ( ! same  
description1 fix$ at ! sides ( ! doors1 
to  fa/5 d[n ! edges ( ! curta9s4 ,"o   
pr9cipal use1 h[ev]1 (  su* /uds1 is1 to
 affix *eeks made ( kuss-kuss1 to be    

wat]$  :5 j\rney+ any di/ance4    ,!    
mahannah is unque/ionably a v heavy     
vehicle1 &1 be+  totally devoid (       
ela/icity1 f> m oppressive to ! be>]s   
?an  any ma*9e on a slight] con/ruction4
 ,yet ! av]age rate (  travell+ may be  
comput$ at f ?ree & a half1 to a qu>t]  
want+ ( f\r miles1 )9 ! h\r1 9 go+ great
 di/ances2 su*  z f ,*un> to ,calcutta1 
at ! prop] season1 :5 ! wat]s are  n    
out1 & ! heat n too oppressive4 ,t      
e/imate includes all  /ops = *anges (   
be>]s1 :i*1 9 travell+ dawk1 7t is1     
po/17 w take place at c]ta9 /ages1 f t5 
to fifte5 miles  ap>t4 ,?us1 a j\rney ( 
f\r hundr$ miles may be made 9 ab\t five
  days1 ) great ease2 ! night be+ (t5 m 
favorable ?an ! day  to mak+ progress2  
especially f ,m>* to ! middle ( ,june4  
,dur+  t p]iod1 ! roads are e :]e good1 
! grass jungles 9 mo/  places burnt     
away1 & few] tig]s lurk ne> ! highways4 
,x is (t5  necess>y to lie by = a few   
h\rs dur+ ! mid-day2 :5 ! gr\nd  is s   
hot z absolutely to scor* ! be>]s' feet4

 ,at su* times1 !  kuss-kuss tatties are
 peculi>ly s]viceable2 b1 9 case none   
are  affix$1 ! guttah-tope1 or          
palanqu9-cov]1 mu/ be kept wet2 z       
already obs]v$1 9 describ+ ! occupations
 ( ! bhee/y1 or  wat]-c>ri]4    ,ladies 
are usually convey$ ab\t ,calcutta1 or  
any :]e = %ort  di/ances1 9 a k9d (     
palanqu91 call$ a bohah4 ,?is has its   
poles  fix$ mu* 9 ! same mann] z 9 !    
mahannah1 b its body is ( a  v diff]5t  
=m2 be+ a comp\nd ( our s$an *air ) !   
body  ( a *>iot4 ,its deep %ape1 & its  
seat1 mu* resemble ! =m]2  b hav+ two   
doors1 "o on ea* side1 ) "o w9d[ 9      
front1 z  well z a small "o beh9d1 all  
furni%$ ) ,v5etians & glasses1  give x1 
9 ^? respects1 "s claim to alliance ) ! 
latt]4 ,i  %\ld h obs]v$1 t mo/ ( !     
g5tlem5 resid+ at ,calcutta1  ride 9    
bohahs2 :i* af=d a bett] look-out1 are m
 portable1  & c turn ab\t 9 n>r[ places1
 :]e a mahannah c\ld n3  besides1 !y are
 f> light]4 ,! bohah made expressly = a 
lady1  is fitt$ up 9 "s /yle1 & always  

has f\r l>ge tassels1 commonly  ( :ite  
silk1 hang+ at ! f\r upp] corn]s4 ,!re  
are usually  pockets 9 front1 & to !    
doors2 ! same z 9 *>iots1 c4    ,ab\t   
,dacca1 ,*ittagong1 ,tipp]ah1 & o!r     
m\nta9\s p>ts1 a v  light k9d (         
conveyance is 9 use1 call$ a taum-jaung1
 i4e4 #8a  support to ! feet4' ,?is     
consi/s ( an arm-*air1 ) a l[ back1 at  
! sides ( :i* two poles are affix$1 ev5 
) ! seat2 f !  two =e legs ( ! *air1    
iron /ays project =w>d1 support+ a      
foot-bo>d1 plac$ diagonally1 s z to meet
 ! natural position ( !  soles :5 ! feet
 are ?r[n =w>d1 mu* ! same z !          
foot-bo>ds  ( coa*-boxes1 only on a v   
light con/ruction4 ,9 "s in/ances1  !   
taum-jaungs 7vulg>ly call$ tom-johns7   
are c>ri$ ! same z  ! naulke52 t is1 by 
! f\r ends ( ! poles re/+ on !  %\ld]s (
 z _m be>]s1 all indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4   
,exp]i5ce  has1 h[ev]1 prov$ su* to be a
 v dang]\s practice2 =1 if "o  ( ! be>]s
 /umbles1 ! ma*9e mu/ inevitably be     
ov]set3 !  fall f su* a height1         

especially if proce$+ at a quick pace1  
is  n devoid ( dang]4 ,to rem$y ?is1 x  
has latt]ly become a cu/om to  susp5d   
two /\t batons1 by means ( /rong d\bl$  
cords1 betwe5 !  ends ( ! poles1 be=e & 
beh9d2 mak+ su* an all[ance 9  respect  
to ! l5g? ( cord1 or sl+1 z may all[ !  
poles to come  d[n ab\t z l[ z ! be>]s' 
hips4 ,! batons are slung by _!         
middles1 "o be>] support+ ! =e1 ! o!r ! 
h9d1 "p (  ea*2 all mov+ betwe5 ! two   
side poles1 b ne>ly 9 a l9e "o  beh9d ! 
o!r4 ,?is does n altoge!r obviate !     
possibility (  fall+1 by means ( a      
/umble2 b x less5s t dang] consid]ably1 
& r5d]s ! accid5t less sev]e2 ! seat be+
 mu* l[]$4    ,9 ?is respect1 ! bohah is
 also saf] ?an ! mahannah2 !  =m] be+ s 
mu* ne>] ! gr\nd1 & ! erect position ( !
  rid] r5d]+ him less liable to injury4 
,:5 ! h9d be>]s ( a  mahannah fall1 n   
only ! legs ( ! vehicle1 b ! head ( its 
inhabitant1 may be injur$3 su* accid5ts 
are r>ely att5d$ ) any  o!r inconv5i5ce 
?an a job = ! c>p5t]4 ,if ! fall takes  

place :5 a be>] is pu%+ beh9d1 re/+ !   
palm ( 8 h&  aga9/ ! butt end ( ! h9d]  
pole1 z is v common1 !re w  be an       
additional impetus1 by no means         
favorable to ! ma*9e2  especially if !  
=emo/ be>]s give way4 ,mo/ ( ! mahannah 
palanqu9s h a box "u ! feet1 & p]haps "o
 "u ! head  also1 made wat] tight1 &    
furni%$ ) a lock4 ,?is1 :5  travell+1 is
 extremely conv5i5t2 insur+ ! pres5ce ( 
_m  little articles1 bo? ( raim5t &     
refre%m5t1 :i*1 if tru/$ to a  bangy1   
might n arrive 9 due "t4    ,! bangy is 
a slip ( bamboo1 p]haps five feet 9     
l5g?1 :i*1 9  ! middle1 may be f\r in*es
 9 wid?2 ! ?ickness ab\t an in*2  t[>ds 
! ends x tap]s a little1 & has %\ld]s   
left1 :]eby to  secure ! nets1 :]e9 are 
two baskets1 made ei!r ( rattans1 or (  
re$s1 v closely work$1 & probably cov]$ 
) pa9t$ canvas1 (  lea!r4 ,!            
bangy-wollah1 t is1 ! be>] :o c>ries !  
bangy1 supports ! bamboo on 8 %\ld]1 s z
 to equipoise !  baskets susp5d$ at ea* 
end4 ,if n ov]lad51 ! bangy w  g5]ally  

keep pace ) ! palanqu92 ! be>] %ift+ !  
bamboo  f "o1 to ! o!r %\ld]1 z he      
proce$s4    ,_m g5tleman h r'hunts1 or  
r'huts1 = ! conveyance ( _!  native     
ladies1 ei!r on a m>*1 or to take an    
air+ occasionally3 9  su* case1 a man   
mu/ be employ$ to drive1 & to take c>e (
 !  bullocks4 ,he is designat$ !        
#8g'horry-waun2' or c>riage s]vant4  ,8 
dress _c be r$uc$ to any exact /&>d1 b w
 g5]ally be  f\nd to resemble t ( !     
kh$mutg>2 8 pay be+ ord9>ily  f f\r to  
six rupees mon?ly4 ,! g5]ality ( p]sons 
foll[+  ?is avocation1 are r eld]ly1 &  
possess ! outw>d %ew (  great dec5cy &  
respectability2 b ,i believe !y are1 )  
few  exceptions1 by no means ( a "* su* 
z w\ld be suppos$ f  _! v5]able &       
sanctifi$ appe>ance4 ,i h se5 s mu*1 & !
  in/ances are s common1 ( ! intrigues  
c>ri$ on1 or conniv$ at1 by             
g'horry-wauns1 z to satisfy me ( _! be+ 
z great hypocrites z  are to be f\nd on 
e>?4 ,! con/ruction ( a r'hut is s v    
curi\s z almo/ to defy description4     

,! g'horry-waun sits a/ride t "p ( !    
=e-frame :i* may be  comp>$ ) ! pole &  
trav]se ( "o ( our f\r-:eel$  c>riages1 
"u a seiwaun1 or semiaun1 made ( ! same 
/uff z  ! cov]+1 support$ 9 ne>ly a     
horizontal position1 by two slight      
poles fix$ into iron f]ules at ! body ( 
! frame1 & proce$+1  at & angle ( ab\t  
#de to ! =emo/ edge ( ! seiwaun4 ,!     
bullocks are manag$ by means ( a /rong  
cord1 pass$ ?r\gh _!  septums1 or       
divisions betwe5 _! no/rils1 & ti$ ov] !
 cr[ns  ( _! heads1 :]e ! re91 made also
 ( rope1 atta*es3 ?is  effectually curbs
 ! cattle4 ,possibly su* a device may   
appe> to  p>take ( cruelty2 b exp]i5ce  
has prov$1 t no o!r mode is  adequate to
 keep+ ?is fi]y1 re/less1 & vici\s1 bre$
 ( cattle  9 tol]able subord9ation4 ,!  
g'horry-waun is provid$ ) a sev]e  goad3
 ! application ( :i*1 to ! h9d qu>t]s ( 
! bullocks1  causes !m to keep up a good
 sm>t trot4 ,:5 !y are tol]ably quiet1  
! driv]'s feet g5]ally suffice1 to keep 
!m to _! pace3 b1  :5 all o!r modes     

fail1 he twi/s _! tails1 & ?us urges !m 
to  _! be/ spe$4 ,! re9s %\ld s]ve bo?  
to /op1 & to guide2  b1 z ! bullocks are
 n always prompt 9 turn+ :5 only s act$ 
^u1 ! tail is (t5 resort$ to1 z a       
nev]-fail+ rudd]6    ,y\r true home-br$ 
,engli%m5 c h little idea ( ! rate at   
:i*  a pair ( ox5 c draw "o ( ^! r'huts2
 he _c readily  imag9e1 t !y c travel f 
f\r to six miles )9 ! h\r2  & t1 too1   
:]e ! g'horry-ka-leek1 or track ( a     
:eel1 is  sc>cely to be f\nd4 ,i h se5 a
 pair ( ,nagore1 or ( ,guzz]at1         
bullocks1 7,i =get :i*17 /&+ full sixte5
 h&s at ! )]s1  7mak+ all[ance = ! humps
 on ! %\ld]s ( all cattle br$ 9  t      
qu>t]27 t c\ld ) ease trot ) a r'hut at 
! rate (  eight miles )9 ! h\r4 ,b su*  
mu/ n be consid]$ z common3  p]haps five
 miles may be ! true/ av]age4 ,nor is x 
to be  und]/ood1 t bullocks keep up an  
ev5 pace1 z horses d2 on !  contr>y1 !y 
ei!r proce$ at _! quicke/ trot1 or at a 
walk2  !re is little m$ium3 ! fact is1  
t1 n be+ tra9$ to a  cont9uance ( "o set

 pace1 b urg$ by />ts1 at ! w ( _!      
driv]1 !y want t habit :i* w\ld improve 
_! w9d4    ,t bre$ ( ox5 said to be     
*iefly rais$ 9 ! ,guzz]at1 & ,nagore    
di/ricts1 is v f9e4 ,! animals are ( a  
milky :it5ess1  h&somely =m$1 ) f9e     
eyes1 & horns g5]ally n m ?an a  foot 9 
l5g?1 b gracefully turn$1 p>tly =w>d1 & 
p>tly  upw>d4 ,! natives inv>iably ei!r 
pa9t or gild ! horns2 &  sometimes m>k !
 sides1 necks1 hams1 & %\ld]s1 ( _!     
favorites  ) m9dy2 t is1 ) ! plant      
g5]ally kn[n among botani/s1  "u ! "n ( 
h9na4 ,( ?is ,i %all h occasion to speak
 m  fully :5 treat+ ( ! ornam5ts 9 use  
among ! ladies ( ,india3  at pres5t     
briefly rem>k+1 t1 :e!r ow+ to ! co>se  
mann]  9 :i* ! m9dy is appli$1 or to my 
want ( ta/e1 ! practice  nev] pleas$ me2
 al?\gh ! color itself1 namely1 a tawny 
r$1 =ms  by no means a bad contra/ to ! 
brilliant :it5ess ( ! animal4    ,a     
conveyance on two :eels1 b 9 mo/ o!r    
respects p]fectly simil>  to ! r'hut1 is
 extremely common 9 ,india2 be+ us$ by  

m51 z well  z by wom54 ,! body ( ?is k9d
 is usually squ>e2 & ! ro( by no  means 
s elevat$4 ,) few exceptions1 ^! h r$   
cov]s1 9 !  sides ( :i*1 z also 9 ^? ( !
 r'huts1 are small slits1  s]v+ =       
peep-holes4 ,9 ?is two-:eel$ k9d1 call$ 
g5]ally  ghorries1 7i4e4 c>riages17 su* 
are m necess>y ?an 9 !  o!rs2 ! =m] be+ 
almo/ inv>iably fitt$ up ) *eeks1 or    
scre5s2 "o ( :i* is ev] app5d$ to !     
=e-"p1 betwe5 !  int]ior & ! driv]4 ,!  
common g'horry1 n[ "u description1 is   
r>ely1 if ev]1 kept by any ,european2 b 
may be se5 ply+ = hire  9 v>i\s p>ts (  
,calcutta4 ,"s ( ^! h %afts 9 :i* a     
tattoo 7poney7 is fix$1 ) v slight      
h>ness2 b>ely suffici5t  to keep !      
crook-saddle 9 its place4 ,?is is a     
rec5t improvem5t2 z  is also !          
application ( tattoos to r'huts3 ,i     
und]/& !y are  f\nd to be m manageable1 
& f> *eap] ?an bullocks2 besides1  _!   
pace is mu* quick]2 &1 9 case ( failure1
 !y are mo/  easily conv]t$ into ca%3 an
 object ( great mom5t to !  p>simoni\s  

,h9du6    ,nei!r ! dress1 nor !         
emolum5ts1 ( ! p]sons driv+ su*         
c>riages1 c be e/imat$ ) precision1 b1 9
 reg>d to !  latt]1 we may safely       
conjecture t some?+ h&some is made2     
kn[+ !m to be employ$ m 9 ! conveyance (
 pro/itutes ?an  9 any o!r k9d ( f>e4 ,!
 usual hire ( a f\r-:eel r'hut1 drawn   
by tattoos1 is1 ,i believe1 ab\t ?ree   
rupees p] diem2 :ile ^?  ) two :eels1 & 
only "o tattoo1 at ! utmo/ e>n only two 
rupees3 ,i nev] c\ld asc]ta9 any fix$   
rate2 ! g'horry-waun  always endeavor+  
to make 8 b>ga9 = ! trip to ! be/       
advantage4 ,judg+ f ! rapid /rides made 
9 v>i\s p>ts ( !  c\ntry1 especially at 
! sev]al presid5cies1 to br+ all matt]s 
to  t k9d ( sy/em1 )\t :i* no?+ c\ld be 
done 9 ,europe1 we  may expect1 9 a few 
ye>s1 to see regul> f>es & rates        
e/abli%$1  z 9 use among u1 = !         
prev5tion ( misconduct1 & ov]-*>ges1  on
 ! p>ts ( ,hackney-coa*m5 & wat]m54     
,! g'horry-waun may fur!r be employ$ 9 a
 m subord9ate  capacity2 namely1 9 driv+

 a common c>t1 usually call$ a *uckrah1 
& kn[n by ! designation ( a #8hack]y'   
among ,europeans4 ,?is k9d  ( vehicle   
may c>ry1 on an av]age1 ab\t eighte5 or 
tw5ty maunds1  equal to ab\t ?irte5 or  
f\rte5 hundr$ weight3 x is drawn by two 
ox52 ?\gh1 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! c\ntry1  
we (t5 see f\r  atta*$ to ^? :i* convey 
cotton1 or o!r gruff m]*&ize1 ,i  conf9e
 myself1 h[ev]1 to su* z may be reta9$  
by g5tlem51 ei!r  = ! c>ry+ on ( works1 
or = ! transportation ( baggage4 ,su*  z
 are hir$ by ! day1 usually co/ half1   
or1 at times1 ?ree qu>t]s  ( a rupee    
daily1 :5 employ$ on ! spot2 b1 if      
requir$ to proce$  _m /ages1 a :ole     
rupee is dem&$4 ,:5 ! g'horry-waun is ! 
m5ial ( any (fic]1 c4 8 pay1 g5]ally1 is
 f f\r to five  rupees mon?ly2 or       
sometimes f\r :5 /ation>y1 & five :5    
m>*+4 ,8 dress is little bett] ?an t ( a
 common cooly4 ,l  all o!r s]vants to ^:
 c>e ! fe$+ ( cattle is entru/$1  ?is   
dome/ic w cont9ue to extract "s         
p]quisite f :atev] he  ei!r receives1 or

 has to pur*ase4 ,:at ) du/ooree1 %ort  
weight1 ov]-*>ges1 repairs1 m$ic9es1 ,i 
h always f\nd !  g'horry-waun fully a   
mat* = 8 ,briti% compe]s1 9 ! proportion
  ( emolum5ts d]iv$ f :atev] money1 c4  
pass$ ?r\gh 8 h&s4  ,=tunately1 ! sum   
total ( exp5ces 9 ! ma9t5ance ( a       
hack]y1 is v small1 :5 comp>$ ) ^?      
att5dant on a  h&some *>iot & pair1     
p>ad+ daily 9 ! p>k4    ,! duty ( a     
g'horry-waun is conf9$ to ! *>ge ( 8    
cattle2 he  see+ !m prop]ly rubb$ d[n1 &
 suppli$ ) prov5d]1 :i*  usually consi/s
 ( ! small *aff f v>i\s k9ds ( pulse1 or
 (  ! /ems ( badjra1 jew>1 c4 7v>i\s    
k9ds ( millet17 or ( !  bootah1 7or     
,indian-corn17 :i*1 be+ pur*as$ 9       
bundles1 he *ops1  ) a common bill1 on a
 log ( wood4 ,:5 bullocks are all[$     
gram1  7already m5tion$17 ! usual       
portion = ea* is ab\t two1 or1 at !     
utmo/1 ?ree se]s ea*2 ! se] weigh+ ab\t 
two p\nds  avoirdupoise4 ,x is          
indisp5sably necess>y t ?is s]vant %\ld 
und]/& h[ to load 8 c>riage to          

advantage1 & be able to repair  su* p>ts
 z may n actually require ! aid (       
artizans4 ,?us1 he  mu/ be compet5t to  
sew saleetah1 or l>ge sack+ clo? spread 
at  ! bottom ( ! hack]y1 & lapp+ up1 ov]
 e "p1 s z to  prev5t articles f be+    
lo/2 &1 9 "s degree1 keep+ !m f  be+    
injur$ by ! wea!r4 ,he mu/ likewise be  
able to take (f a  :eel1 & above all    
?+s1 he mu/ be a c>eful1 /eady driv]4   
,?is  is ! m necess>y1 ow+ to ! di/ance 
betwe5 ! :eels 9 all  ,h9do/anee        
c>riages be+ v small2 & ! load be+      
plac$1 9  mo/ in/ances1 above ! level ( 
_! upp] fellies2 caus+ !  gravity to be 
?r[n v high 9 a hack]y lad5 ) bulky     
articles2  &1 consequ5tly1 v liable to  
be ov]turn$4 ,on ! :ole1 few  accid5ts (
 ?is k9d happ52 :i*1 consid]+ h[ mu*    
night  travell+ prevails 9 ,india1 is r 
surpriz+4 ,possibly ?is is  ow+ to !    
deepness ( ! ruts on roads frequ5t$ by  
c>riages2  :]eby ! :eels are pres5t$ 9  
_! c\rse1 s z to prev5t !  bullocks f   
deviat+4 ,z to ! di/ance a hack]y c     

travel 9  ! c\rse ( a day1 t mu/ dep5d  
entirely on ! /ate ( ! road1  ! /r5g? & 
condition ( ! cattle1 ! heat ( ! wea!r1 
&  ! weight to be drawn3 "u fair        
circum/ances1 f f\rte5 to  sixte5 miles 
may be effect$2 b ! latt] di/ance is    
consid]$ a  =c$ m>*4 ,to ! weight ( !   
c>riage & its load1 t ( !  driv] mu/ be 
add$3 he usually sitt+ imm$iately beh9d 
!  bullocks4 ,:5 ! load is unavoidably r
 too heavy beh9d1 s z to  cause a t5d5cy
 to tilt+1 he sits m =w>d1 betwe5 !     
cattle1  & ev5 occasionally ^u ! yoke   
itself4 ,x is evid5t ! latt]  position  
mu/ be extremely oppressive to ! cattle2
 b 9 hack]ies  lad5 ) cotton1 :]e !     
bur!n necess>ily occupies a great space1
  hang+ ov] ! rumps ( ! cattle1 su* a   
position is ne>ly  inevitable4    ,!    
hack]ies us$ 9 t bran* ( trade1 are     
peculi>ly /rong1 &  inv>iably drawn by  
at lea/ ?ree bullocks2 ?\gh m commonly  
by  f\r4 ,sometimes buffaloes are us$2 b
 _! pace is v sl[1 &  !y are extremely  
addict$ to ly+ d[n 9 e puddle3 _! imm5se

  /r5g? is1 nev]!less1 a great inducem5t
 to employ+ !m1 :]e  v heavy commodities
 are to be c>ri$2 b x is f\nd eligible1 
:5  buffaloes are yok$1 to travel       
entirely by night2 ^? animals be+ by  no
 means calculat$ to be> ! sol> heat1 :i*
 oppresses !m  inconceivably4 ,! native 
m]*ants commonly mix "o or two among _! 
teams1 &1 n unfrequ5tly1 cause full     
?irty-five maunds1 equal to  ab\t       
tw5ty-f\r cwt41 to be laid on "o hack]y3
 b ! di/ance  travell$ "u su* an imm5se 
load1 c seldom am\nt to twelve miles4   
,:ile on ! subject ( driv]s1 :i* ,i h   
purposely made ! la/  among ! male      
s]vants1 x may be z well to (f] a few   
h9ts  reg>d+ ,european s]vants1 &       
,engli% cattle4 ,x might be said1 9     
brief1 t nei!r ! "o1 nor ! o!r1 is f\nd 
to answ] 9 ,india4  ,an ,european s]vant
 mu/ h ne>ly z _m natives to att5d him z
 an  (fic] requires2 he mu/ h a h\se2 & 
a million ( indulg5ces1  su* z ne>ly    
abrogate 8 s]vices1 mu/ be %ewn t[>ds   
him4 ,_m  h be5 tak5 to ,india1 b !     

result has g5]ally be51 t1 aft]  sav+ a 
little money1 or mak+ a few fri5ds1     
especially by f>ri]y1  !y h set up 9 "s 
bus9ess1 & ) v little w>n+1 or  c]emony1
 quitt$ _! ma/]s2 :o1 on ! o!r h&1 7    
usually  f> f desir+ _! cont9uance4 ,i  
?9k my own memory w\ld furni%  suffici5t
 in/ances to w>rant ! ass]tion1 t few1  
if any1 ( ?is  class1 c be exempt$ f !  
*>ge ( +ratitude4    ,really1 :5 all ?+s
 are consid]$1 x mu/ be ow+ to excess ( 
vanity1 or to "s k9dr$ folly1 t any     
g5tleman w\ld reta9 an  ,european       
coa*man1 or po/ilion1 at full two hundr$
 rupees mon?ly1 all  items includ$1 :5  
an excell5t sub/itute may be f\nd1 among
 !  _m natives :o foll[ ^? pr(essions1 &
 to :om a twelf? "p (  t sum is a little
 =tune4 ,z to an ,european butl]1 /ew>d1
 c41  ! same objection exi/s2 ) !       
additional inconv5i5ce ( hav+  n only an
 extra gue/ at all times1 7= 8 f>e w1 9 
e  respect1 equal t ( 8 ma/]17 b a spy 9
 liv]y1 :o w he>  all ! table talk1     
comm]cial1 milit>y1 or political1 &     

retail x1  toge!r ) 8 own op9ions &     
comm5ts1 to ! :ole ( ! native  dome/ics4
    ,:5ev] a lady has c>ri$ out an      
,european female s]vant1 :e!r old  or   
"y1 ugly or beautiful1 x has usually    
happ5$ t a spe$y  sep>ation has tak5    
place3 _m1 inde$1 h des]t$ f _!         
mi/resses :ile t\*+ at ,madras4         
,consequ5tly1 no?+ b vexation  &        
disappo9tm5t are ev] to be expect$ f !  
attempt to fix su*  a p]son 9 h]        
situation aft] arrival 9 ,india4 ,no    
matt] :at bonds1  contracts1 or         
agreem5ts1 may h be5 ent]$ into3 ^! are 
all got  rid (1 by ! p>ty's behav+ 9 su*
 a mann] z totally precludes  !         
possibility ( det5tion4 ,x may p]haps be
 urg$1 t1 by  ref]5ce to a magi/rate1   
any unw>rantable conduct might be       
puni%$2  b1 h[ev] reasonable su* an     
expectation might appe> 9 ,brita91 x    
w\ld be f\nd totally inapplicable to    
,india4 ,i mu* d\bt :e!r any  ju/ice    
w\ld take cognizance ( su* a compla9t1  
unless connect$ )  "s feloni\s proce$+1 

:i* might w>rant him 9 committ+ to      
prison4 ,?is may appe> a /range doctr9e1
 & give b an indiff]5t  op9ion ( !      
police2 :i*1 nev]!less1 is sup]ior to   
our own3 x  is f> easi]1 = ei!r         
,european or native1 to obta9 r$ress 9  
,calcutta1 ?an at any ( our public      
(fices4 ,! fact is1 t !  necessity =    
uphold+ ! ,briti% "*1 h[ev] mu* =m]ly   
neglect$ by "s p]sons 9 p[]1 is n[ s    
well und]/ood1 t1  no?+ %ort ( absolute 
compulsion w\ld actuate a magi/rate to  
commit an ,european woman1 ^u a *>ge (  
neglect ( duty1 inebriety1  insol5ce1 or
 o!r su* impropriety3 ! litigation (    
pecuni>y po9ts  w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be ref]r$
 to ! ,supreme ,c\rt2 :]e ! exp5ces  are
 at lea/ ?ree times z heavy z 9 !       
,briti% tribunal1 & !  prosecutor w\ld1 
9 ! end1 h little to boa/ 9 reg>d to    
ga9+  8 cause2 ?\gh1 possibly1 he might 
gratify 8 res5tm5ts at a  preci\s price6
    ,ladies emb>k+ = ,india %\ld seek = 
"s female att5dant1 native  ( t c\ntry1 
wi%+ to return to h] home4 ,_m ( ^!     

wom51  ^: *>act]s w be> ample scrut9y1  
come to ,engl& 9 *>ge (  *ildr51 or ) _!
 mi/resses1 & w\ld be extremely glad to 
g  back "u ! jo9t advantages ( emolum5t1
 & protection4 ,an  adv]tisem5t w br+   
=w>d _m applicants3 & a con/ant se>*    
among ! adv]tisem5ts 9 ! v>i\s          
newspap]s1 w r>ely fail to  answ] ! same
 purpose4 ,z numb]s ( ?is class         
promulgate _!  wi%es to return to       
,india1 an additional advantage results 
f ?is  measure2 because1 on arrival 9 ! 
riv]1 an useful int]pret] is at  h&2    
:ile1 p]haps1 a tru/y & able s]vant is  
obta9$2 :o1 be+  atta*$1 by _m little   
k9dnesses :ile on bo>d-%ip1 w\ld cont9ue
  to s]ve1 at lea/ until "s o!r might be
 obta9$4    ,! female :o att5ds a lady  
:ile %e is dress+1 c41 is call$ an      
,ayah2 pretty ne>ly correspond+ ) !     
#8lady's maid' among u4 ,!  wages ( ?is 
s]vant are by no means settl$1 b may be 
tak5 on  av]age at f eight to twelve    
rupees mon?ly4 ,"s are half-ca/  *ildr52
 t is1 ( ,european fa!rs & native mo!rs3

 br\ght up 9  families f _! infancy4 ,to
 ^!1 good treatm5t & k9dness  %\ld =m a 
valuable comp5sation = ! smallness (    
wages2 &  induce "s among !m to rema9 = 
numb]s ( ye>s1 fai?ful &  affectionate2 
b su* are by no means num]\s1 :5 comp>$ 
) !  ?\s&s :o1 at a c]ta9 age1 ei!r quit
 9 se>* ( places  af=d+ ei!r high] pay1 
or h&some p]quisites2 or :o1 if  h&some1
 engage z #8h\se-keep]s to s+le         
g5tlem56' ,! majority (  ayahs are (    
,portugueze extraction1 be+ desc5d$ f ^?
 h]oes  :o1 9 times ( yore1 #8laid ble$+
 ,asia pro/rate at _! feet2' b  :o n[   
compose ! mo/ contemptible race to be   
f\nd on e>?2  af=d+ to ! natives ample  
scope = comp>ison betwe5 ! mod]n1  & !  
quondam ,european4 ,^! ,portuguese are  
all #8good ,*ri/ians1'  &1 9 sev]al p>ts
 ( ! c\ntry1 h small *ur*-e/abli%m5ts1  
:]e !y support mission>ies2 b 9 t humble
 /yle :i* /rongly  repres5ts t abject   
/ate ( ,*ri/ianity1 :5 ! disciples 7 9  
a /ate ( p]secution4    ,h[ev] mu* _!   
anci5t spl5dor may h be5 t>ni%$1 yet x  

_c be d5i$1 t1 9 religi\s matt]s1 !     
sable ,portugueze (  ,b5gal h out-done !
 ,briti% completely4 ,!y _h long ago    
*ur*es1  & h n[ "o 9 ,calcutta1 built at
 a great exp5ce by an opul5t            
individual1 :i* may at lea/ competite ) 
! only ,engli% /eeple  to be se5 "u !   
presid5cy ( ,=t-,william4 ,?is solit>y  
type (  ,engli% devotion1 0 built "s    
tw5ty ye>s ago1 9 an old bury+  gr\nd1  
:]e ! bones ( _m wor?y m51 among :om ,i 
reckon my own  gr&-fa!r1 _h la9 9 peace 
= scores ( ye>s2 b :i*1 9  mak+         
arrangem5ts = ! new edifice1 7 torn up1 
& expos$1  )\t mu* reg>d to dec5cy4 ,x  
w\ld be difficult to p\rtray !  horror  
express$ 9 ! c\nt5ances ( _m natives1 :o
 7 witnesses  ( ! disgu/+ sc5e3 z to _! 
obs]vations1 !y 7 inde$  po9t$2 &       
convey$ _! decid$ dete/ation ( s        
sacrilegi\s an  act4 ,i say sacrilegi\s1
 because no ,mussulman w\ld all[ ev5 !  
rema9s ( 8 mo/ bitt] enemy1 to be eject$
 f _! la/ asylum6    ,_m ,portugueze    
ayahs affect to be 9 possession (       

g5ealogies1  :]eby x %\ld appe> !y are  
l9eally desc5d$ f mo/  illu/ri\s        
*>act]s2 mo/ ( :om w\ld1 no d\bt1 be    
inde$ aba%$1  c\ld !y n[ take a peep at 
_! ill-fat$ & deg5]ate po/]ity6  ,x is  
sc>cely to be conceiv$ h[ mu* pride is  
reta9$ by wom5 (  ?is class3 !y are fond
 ( adulation1 & love ! de> ^w           
#8,signora1' ev5 to adoration4 ,to see  
"o ( !m full dress$ on  ,*ri/mas ,day1  
is truly div]t+2 _! co/ume be+1 z ne>ly 
z  circum/ances w admit1 t ( ! days (   
royalty 9 ,france1 ) a  da% ( ! antique 
,,v]a-,,cruz3 to rem9d !m1 ,i suppose1 (
 t  eclipse :i* a gradual int]mixture ) 
! natives1 has ca/ ^u  _! once tawny1 b 
n[ sable1 c\nt5ances4 ,"o w\ld ?9k1 t ! 
humiliat+ reflections att5dant ^u su* a 
comp>ison1 %\ld prompt  !m to burn _!   
p$igrees1 & to avoid :atev] c\ld induce 
to  retrospection6 ,b1 no2 ! ayah prides
 h]self on t remote  aff9ity1 to :i* h] 
records give ! claim2 %e reta9s all !   
(f5sive hauteur ( h] prog5itors2 :i*1   
be+ graft$ ^u ! mo/  obnoxi\s qualities 

( ! ,h9du1 or ,mussulman1 *>act]s1 makes
 a  t\t ensemble z ridicul\s z x is     
despicable6    ,! ,h9do/anee ayah1 7by  
:i* ,i mean a woman born ei!r (         
,mussulman1 or ( ,h9du1 p>5ts17 is r    
r>e1 unless 9 cases :]e  "y wom5 h lo/  
_! ca/s1 &1 9 a mann]1 become ali5s to  
_! own sects4 ,^! are said to be f> !   
mo/ valuable s]vants2  mu* sup]ior to   
su* z come "u ! designation ( baundy1   
7i4e4  slave17 & :i* h1 = ! mo/ "p1 be5 
pur*as$ 9 _!  infancy1 f ^? mis]able    
be+s :o1 dur+ times ( sc>city1 h  be5   
compell$ to sell _! (fspr+2 !reby       
pres]v+ ! lives (  bo?4 ,! obligation1  
h[ev]1 does n hold good1 accord+ to !   
exi/+ regulations1 "u ! ,briti%         
gov]nm5t2 slav]y be+  totally repugnant 
!reto2 ?\gh ! ,mahom$an law au?orizes ! 
pur*as] ( a *ild1 ?us obta9$1 to reta9  
x1 & to comm& its  s]vices1 ^u !        
condition ( prop] food & raim5t1 until a
 c]ta9  age2 :5 lib]ation takes place4  
,!re is1 nev]!less1 9 ?is a wide        
latitude2 x be+ extremely difficult = ! 

slave to sub/antiate 8  age1 :i* c only 
be comput$ accord+ to :at ! pur*as] may 
*oose to ass]t x to h be5 :5 ! sale took
 place3 x is  obvi\s1 t he may s9k _m   
ye>s 9 t p>ticul>4    ,al?\gh v few ( ! 
,h9do/anee wom51 except su* z come "u  !
 above description1 s]ve 9 ! capacity ( 
ayahs att5dant ^u  ladies1 _m are       
employ$ z nurses to *ildr5 aft] quitt+ !
  brea/4 ,9 su* case1 an ayah r>ely     
att5ds m ?an "o *ild2  h5ce1 9 "s       
families1 ?is class ( dome/ics w\ld be  
extremely  num]\s1 7 x n t few *ildr51  
born ( ,european p>5ts1 are  reta9$     
beyond _! ?ird1 or f\r?1 ye> 9 ! c\ntry4
 ,!  g5]ality ( ^? rema9+1 ev5 = t t]m1 
"u ! c>e (  ayahs1 become crafty1 pr\d1 
& unmann]ly2 :i* has occasion$  sev]al  
ladies to engage z few z possible ( ^?  
att5dants1 & to  give _! little ones 9  
*>ge to be>]s1 or o!r male s]vants2  "u 
^: c>e !y are f\nd to be less vitiat$1  
&1 9 g5]al1  f> m heal?y4 ,unless great 
att5tion be paid1 ayahs w initiate  _!  
"y *>ges 9 _m practices1 & especially 9 

language1 su*  z mu/ require inf9ite    
assiduity to subdue2 &1 aft] all1 may n 
be  completely suppress$4 ,besides1 !y  
are usually v slov5ly1 &  (f5sive 9 _!  
p]sons4    ,! ,dhye is m g5]ally an     
att5dant ^u native ladies3 _m (  ^! are 
p]fect 9 all ! arts ( intrigue2 &1 :ile 
!y appe> to  be tott]+ to _! graves1 are
 (t5 on _! way to manage an             
assignation6 ,! dress ( ^!1 9 mo/ po9ts1
 corresponds ) t  ( ! ,h9do/anee ayah1 b
 _! pay is mu* less2 few receiv+  m ?an 
five rupees1 & ! majority s]v+ = f\r4   
,b1 accord+  to ! old say+1 #8:at !y    
loose 9 ! dance1 !y ga9 9 turn+  r\nd2' 
= :at ) little pres5ts f bo? p>ties1 & a
 numb] (  dome/ic p]quisites1 especially
 ! rema9s ( victuals1 ca/-(f  we>+      
app>el1 donations on c]ta9 fe/ivals1    
ov]*>ges 9  pur*ases1 du/ooree on all   
articles b\ght by ! lady1 c4 c4 c41  ^! 
,ori5tal #8,"m ,coles1' manage to pick  
up a v good income1  &1 n unfrequ5tly1  
l5d money to _! mi/resses at ! mod]ate  
rate ( "o anna1 7i4e4 a sixte5?17 p]    

mon?1 = e rupee  advanc$4 ,?is is nev]  
done )\t a pl$ge1 g5]ally ( silv] or    
gold ornam5ts1 :i* ! cunn+ jades lodge1 
"u v>i\s pretexts1  ) "s fri5dly        
goldsmi?1 by :om !y probably 7 made4    
,su* a rate ( int]e/ may appe> v high1 b
 is 9 g5]al practice  :]e money is l5t =
 %ort dates2 & !n "u good security4 ,x  
is  to be und]/ood1 t ! money-l5d+      
bus9ess1 especially t on  bunduck1 or   
pl$ge1 is conf9$ entirely to ! ,h9dus3  
,mussulmans are  prohibit$ by _! sacr$  
in/itutes f receiv+1 ?\gh !y are  n s   
/rictly ti$ d[n 9 respect to pay+1      
int]e/2 inde$1 ow+  to ! less frugal    
habits ( ?is sect1 & _! great] indulg5ce
 9  o/5tati\s display1 few ( its        
individuals c be consid]$ totally       
exempt f t heavy f9e collect$ by ! ,h9du
 %r(fs1 &  mahajans1 f su* inconsid]ate 
p]sons z h occasion to seek  _! aid4    
,x is1 nev]!less1 rem>kable1 t !        
g5]ality ( su*  money-l5d]s z reside at 
our sev]al cantonm5ts1 are extremely    
lib]al 9 _! advances to (fic]s1 :o1 :5  

mu* 9 arre>s1 are  (t5 extremely press$ 
= ca% to defray _! imm$iate table       
exp5ces3 & t1 too1 ev5 on ! mo/         
economical plan4 ,i h be5  repeat$ly    
kept f />v+1 by ! accommodation af=d$ by
  %r(fs2 ^: civility & =be>ance =m a mo/
 /rik+ contra/  ) ! punctual1 & gre$y1  
claims ( bo? ! ,*ri/ian1 & !  ,jewi%1   
,%ylocks ( ,brita94 ,x mu/ n be d5i$1 t1
 :5  practicable1 !y w obta9 "s k9d (   
security = _! loans2  :i* is b          
reasonable3 b _m hundr$s ( rupees h be5 
furni%$  to me1 simply on my            
ackn[l$gem5t1 on a scrap ( pap]1 b>ely  
specify+ ! sum & date1 )\t any =m su* z 
c\ld h  validat$ ! claim 9 case ( my    
demise1 or ( my be+ prosecut$ on  !     
occasion4 ,! tru? is1 t1 :]e !y see no  
dang]1 !y feel no  reluctance4    ,!    
g5]ality ( dhyes att5dant ^u native     
ladies1 hold a regul>  int]c\rse ) "s "o
 ( ! above class1 by :om all            
difficulties  result+ f irregul>        
receipts ( pay are remov$4 ,?is is      
wond]fully facilitat$ by ! circum/ance (

 be+ relat$ to "s  "y kh$mutg> 9 ma/]'s 
s]vice4 ,( ?is k9d ( family compact ,i  
h already spok52 !re=e x is n necess>y  
to ent] into details  at ?is mom5t3 my  
read]s w =m a j op9ion ( ! situation 9  
:i* a g5tleman is plac$1 :5 p>ties are  
=m$1 bo? be=e &  beh9d ! purdah1        
7curta917 to wat* 8 motions1 & to c>ry  
on  ! great "w ( deception4 ,9 ?is1 ,i  
speak feel+ly1 hav+1 l  hundr$s ( o!rs1 
_m ( :om appe>$ /udi\s to p]petuate _!  
mis=tune1 be5 ! dupe ( su* coalitions2 f
 :i* x is1 inde$1  v difficult to       
escape4 ,! atta*m5t ( _m ,european      
g5tlem5 to  _! native mi/resses1 is n to
 be describ$6 ,an infatuation1 beyond   
all comp>ison1 (t5 prevails1 caus+ e    
confid5ce1 ( :atev]  description1 to be 
repos$ 9 ! sable que5 ( ! h>am6 ,i d n  
mean to say t ! above deceptions are    
univ]sal2 = ,i c\ld adduce  in/ances1   
:]e9 native wom5 h conduct$ !mselves    
inv>iably 9  ! mo/ decor\s mann]1 &     
ev9c$ ! utmo/ fidelity1 9 e  p>ticul>1  
to _! keep]s2 "s h absolutely sacrific$ 

prop]ty  to no inconsid]able am\nt1 &   
giv5 up e pret5sion to ca/2  t is1 to   
admission among ^? ( ! same sect1 or    
fai?1 brav+  ! mo/ bitt] taunts1 & !    
reproa*es ( _! fri5ds &  relatives4     
,"h x may n be out ( ! way to notice t  
/range m$ley (  religion1 & ( int]e/1 "s
 may say ( love1 :i* is obs]vable 9  !  
conduct ( ! native wom51 ei!r resid+ "u 
! protection (  ,europeans1 or com+ "u !
 ord9>y description ( kusbe51  7i4e4    
pro/itutes74 ,_! rigid adh]5ce to1 or1  
at lea/1 _!  sup]ficial obs]vance (1    
:atev] relates to ! purification ( _!   
p]sons1 aft] contact1 is admirable6 ,x  
is n uncommon1 among ^?  pr(ess+ imm5se 
purity1 bo? ( body1 & ( s\l1 to get up  
sev]al  times dur+ ! night1 = ! purpose 
( ablution4 ,h[ev] ridicul\s  su* a     
practice may appe>1 yet we _c refuse to 
be/[ "s  comm5dation on s /rict an      
etiquette3 lam5t+1 at ! same "t1  t s   
mu* p]sev]ance %\ld be ?r[n away4 ,mu/ x
 n /rike  e p]son1 z be+ highly curi\s1 
t a woman %\ld make no  scruple (       

cohabit+ ) a man1 ^: v t\*1 inde$1 8    
entrance  )9 a c]ta9 area1 or ev5 tread+
 on t c>pet :]eon %e 7  eat+1 %\ld      
pollute ! :ole ( ! vi&s1 & occasion _!  
be+  ?r[n to ! dogs1 or giv5 to "s      
matranny1 or o!r equally  debas$ "*8 ,x 
really becomes a v s]i\s "q1 ,i believe 
hi!rto ov]look$1 "u :at plea a woman c  
all[ h] *ild1 born  "u su* a connection1
 to p>ticipate 9 h] meals8 ,b1 reason is
 "o  ?+1 & mat]nal affection ano!r6     
,/ill1 ?\gh x may require no  great     
sophi/ry = a woman to f9d an apology =  
su* a decid$  inconsi/5cy1 x seems      
unacc\ntable h[ %e is suff]$ to escape t
  vigilance1 ) :i* ! prie/hood1 & o!rs (
 h] sect1 wat* h]  e act4 ,i c ascribe x
 only to a c]ta9 def]5ce1 :i* has       
habitually sprung up 9 favor ( all      
relat+ to ,europeans1 &  reg>d+ _!      
dome/ic conc]ns4 ,?is1 d\btless1 saves  
_m f  ^? puni%m5ts1 ord9>ily att5dant ^u
 ! mo/ trifl+  d]eliction ( religi\s or 
civil ord9ances4    ,! foll[+           
description ( ! private lives & cu/oms (

 ^?  native wom5 t are seclud$ f !      
public eye1 0 furni%$ to me  by a fri5d1
 ^: ext5sive rese>*es h r5d]$ him       
conspicu\s z  a ,memb] ( ! ,asiatic     
,society4 ,i give x 9 8 own words z a   
fai?ful detail1 :i* _c fail to prove    
int]e/+4    #8,! v conf9$ k :i*         
,europeans h ( ! dome/ic  mann]s &      
cu/oms ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,company's   
t]ritories1 &  ( _! ally ! ,nabob       
,vizi]1 aris+ pr9cipally f ! total want 
( famili> int]c\rse ) ! natives1 & a    
consequ5t ignorance (  ! language1 is a 
circum/ance :i*1 by ! inquisitive       
,european  travell]1 w\ld sc>cely be    
cr$it$4 ,!re are few c\ntries 9 :i*  a  
ye>'s resid5ce w\ld n give a m intimate 
k ( !  language & mann]s ( !            
inhabitants1 ?an is g5]ally to be       
acquir$ dur+ a :ole life sp5t 9 ,india2 
p>ticul>ly 9 ,b5gal &  ! ea/]n prov9ces4
 ,europeans h little connection ) !     
natives1 ( ei!r religion2 except :at    
relates to bus9ess ( a  public1 or ( a  
private1 nature3 &1 ?\gh acqua9tances1  

:i*  orig9ate f su* int]c\rse1 may      
cont9ue aft] ! causes :i*  gave rise to 
!m h ceas$1 yet seldom or nev] d !y     
ext5d to  dome/ic communication4 ,a     
native w att5d r 9 a c]emoni\s way  at a
 naut*#a1 or o!r exhibition giv5 by an  
,european2 b no  ,h9du1 & v few         
,mussulmans1 w\ld eat 9 an ,european's  
h\se2 at  lea/ at 8 table4 ,! native w1 
9 8 turn1 invite 8 ,engli%  fri5d to a  
naut*1 to an exhibition ( wild bea/s1 & 
s =?2 &  sometimes an ent]ta9m5t may be 
giv51 7( :i*1 h[ev]1 ! ma/]  r>ely      
p>takes17 :ile 8 conduct & behavi\r on  
su* occasions c  af=d b a slight insight
 into ! dome/ic mann]s ( ! p :5  free f 
t con/ra9t1 :i* ! eye ( a /rang]1 :o is 
g5]ally  treat$1 if n consid]$ z a      
sup]ior1 ?r[s ^u all _! actions4        
-----    ,footnote #a3      ,or public  
dance1 g5]ally p]=m$ by hir$ wom54      
-----    #8,) ! native wom51 ( any rank 
9 society1 ! ,european has n !  mo/     
di/ant communication4 ,x w be obs]v$1   
!re=e1 h[  impossible x is = an         

,european to speak f 8 own p]sonal  k ( 
! famili> mann]s ( ! native ( ,h9do/an4 
,!  foll[+ sket* is collect$ f ! v>i\s  
acc\nts receiv$ f  s5sible & respectable
 p ( diff]5t ranks 9 society4 ,x w      
probably correct "s prejudices respect+ 
! fair sex 9 ,ea/]n  c\ntries1 or at    
lea/ af=d "s reasonable explanation ( ! 
mann]  9 :i* !y are treat$4 ,_!         
conf9em5t is 9 g5]al solely  ascrib$ to 
! jeal\sy ( ! husb&1 & to ! numb] (     
wives  all[$ to "o man1 to :i* !        
voluptu\sness ( a w>m climate is        
suppos$ to conduce4 ,b1 9 speak+        
!mselves ( ! conf9em5t (  _! wom51 !y   
(f] ! foll[+ reasons = ! cu/om1 viz4 !  
v>iety ( tribes1 & int]mixture ( /range 
p2 ! in/ability  ( _! gov]nm5t1 &       
consequ5t confusion 9 ! c\ntry1 requir+ 
t _! families %\ld be plac$ 9 secure    
places2 ! tyranny (  _! =m] rul]s & _!  
favorites1 ) :om x 0 no unusual         
occurr5ce to seize by =ce ! wives (     
o!rs2 &1 la/ly1 because a  passage 9 !  
,koran#b seems to recomm5d a res]v$     

deportm5t 9  wom54 ,x says1 #8,y %all n 
%ew y\r ze5ut#c to any "o except  y\r   
husb&1 y\r own fa!r1 or y\r husb&'s2 7! 
pres5t cu/om 9  ,b5gal precludes him27  
y\r own son1 or y\r husb&'s son2 or y\r 
bro!r1 or 8 son1 or y\r si/]'s son2 or  
y\r own female s]vants1  be+ ( y\r own  
fai?2 or y\r male s]vants ( ! foll[+    
description3 su* z old m51 eunu*s1      
debilitat$ m51 or fools1 :o  ?9k ( no?+ 
b eat+1 or little *ildr51 unto su* are y
  all[$ to %ew y\r ze5ut#c4' ,su*       
exceptions f s sacr$ an  au?ority1 :i*  
leaves little b ! f+]s & toes = g5]al   
inspection1 w\ld seem to r5d] !         
seclusion ( a ,mussulman lady a  matt] (
 necessity1 n *oice4    -----           
,footnote #b3      ,! ,in/itutes (      
,mahom$1 held 9 ! same e/imation z our  
,bible4    ,footnote #c3      ,ze5ut1   
lit]ally ornam5t$1 means su* p>ts z are 
usually    cov]$2 su* z ! brea/1 f !    
knee to ! ancle1 f !    wri/ upw>ds1 !  
h&1 %\ld]s1 c4    -----    #8,nei!r !   
husb&s1 nor ! wives1 w1 by any means1   

all[ jeal\sy  to be ! cause2 = !y say1  
#8,7 a woman vici\sly incl9$1 ev5       
encircl$ by walls ( iron1 %e w\ld1 by "s
 contrivance or o!r1  f9d means =       
accompli%+ h] purpose4 ,x is n1' say !y1
 #8aga9/  su* _! precautions are aim$3 x
 is1 t ! m9ds ( ^? :o are  really pure  
may n be contam9at$ ?r\gh ! =ce ( bad   
example2  &1 t wom51 be+ naturally weak1
 & easily l$ a/ray1 z may be  inf]r$ f !
 /ory ( poor ,eve1 x becomes ! duty ( ! 
husb&s  to gu>d !m f ! fl[]y pa?s (     
temptation4' ,su*1 inde$1 is  ! =ce (   
education1 t a lady ( ,h9do/an1 ( dec5t 
p>5tage1  w\ld r suff] dea? ?an exposure
 to public view4 ,9 imprecat+  ! greate/
 evils on ! head ( an enemy1 a female   
c\ld n conceive  any t]m s sev]e z ^?   
:i* convey$ a wi% t ! veil (  concealm5t
 might be r5t asund]4 ,h[ev]1 not)/&+ ! 
seclusion ( ! ladies is s mu* talk$ (1 &
 deem$ s h>%1 x  w1 probably1 on        
inve/igation1 be f\nd1 t ! prohibition  
ext5ds  only to su* z c\ld h b a slight 
int]c\rse ) !m1 ev5 if  ! full influ5ce 

( social communication obta9$4 ,_! rules
  respect+ muhrem & na muhrem1 words    
imply+ =bidd5 & n  =bidd51 are1 9 _!    
pr9ciple1 simple en\gh1 viz4 #8,t a     
woman  may be se5 by any man ^:         
relation%ip to h] precludes m>riage'2   
?\gh cu/om has e/abli%$ _m deviations f 
?is rule2 all :i*  seem to h aris51 n f 
jeal\sy1 b f a mi/ak5 s5se (  mode/y4   
#8,9 ! upp] prov9ces1 all ! bro!rs visit
 ea* o!r's wives  )\t di/9ction2 b1 9   
,b5gal1 only ^? junior to ! husb&4      
,inde$1 9 ,b5gal1 ! di/9ctions ( muhrem1
 & na muhrem1 are s  :imsical1 & am\nt  
to su* a mixture ( ,h9du sup]/ition &   
,mahom$an prejudice1 z w\ld r5d] a      
detail$ acc\nt ( !m  disgu/+ to ! read]4
 ,i %all !re=e comprize :at ,i h to say 
on ! subject 9 z few words z possible4  
#8,a wife1 ev5 9 ,b5gal1 may enjoy !    
society ( all h] own male  relations4 ,9
 ?is light are consid]$ *ellas1 *ildr5  
br\ght up  9 ! family1 & ! relations ( !
 nurse2 ! nurse be+  consid]$ z /&+ 9 ! 
same relation%ip z ! natural p>5ts2  &  

(t51 among ! great 9 ! upp] prov9ces1   
:]e two females are  solicit\s to =m an 
intimate connection1 x is accompli%$1 z 
completely z m>riage c\ld d x1 by obta9+
 a female ( "o family  to suckle a *ild 
belong+ to ! o!r4 ,male fri5ds1 ( !     
respectable class1 ?\gh nev] p]mitt$ to 
see ea* o!r's wives1  make enquiries    
aft] ! ladies' heal?s1 s5d & receive    
complim5ts1  & are sometimes p]mitt$ 7) 
! precaution ( ! curta97 to free  &     
unre/ra9$ conv]sation4 ,x may be se5 f !
 above1 t !  circle ( a lady's male     
acqua9tance may be mu* m ext5sive ?an   
,europeans w\ld 9 g5]al suppose2 =1 tak+
 advantage ( ! _s  ( ! regulations1 &   
waiv+ ! m prepo/]\s1 half a doz5  si/]s 
might enjoy ! society ( a numb] ( m51   
little less limitt$  ?an falls to ! lot 
( mo/ ladies ( ! middle ranks 9 cold]   
climates2 & x mu/ be rememb]$1 t1 :at is
 said "h g5]ally  applies to ! middle   
ranks1 includ+ ! less] ,ame]s4#d        
-----    ,footnote #d3      ,ame]s are  
p]sons high 9 (fice1 or ( illu/ri\s     

families4 ,?is    title is also be/[$ on
 milit>y comm&]s4    -----    #8,9 !    
upp] prov9ces1 ! ladies & g5tlem51 at   
lea/ among !  ,%eeaus1#e g5]ally eat    
toge!r2 b 9 ,b5gal ?is is n !  case2 !re
 ! wife does n ev5 presume to eat 9 !   
husb&'s  pres5ce1 & nev] p>takes ( any (
 8 amusem5ts4 ,9 ! upp]  prov9ces !     
social qualities are bett] und]/ood2 =  
:5 !  company consi/s ( p]sons          
admissible into ! z5anah1 !y all g  92 !
 m5 & wom5 d9e toge!r1 &1 9 g5]al1 sit  
on opposite  sides4 ,! ladies1 l ours1  
indulge 9 tiff+s1 7slight repa/s17  x   
be+ delicate to eat b little be=e       
company4    -----    ,footnote #e3      
,a p>ticul> ca/1 or sect4    -----      
#8,:5 !re is an assemblage ( fair       
visitors1 ! husb& seldom ent]s  !       
z5anah1 t he may n di/urb _! amusem5ts1 
:i*1 :5  unobs]v$ by m51 take a free    
range4 ,! wife nev] m5tions h]  husb& by
 "n4 ,?is respect1 z x is t]m$1 is      
reciprocal4 ,inde$1  p 9 g5]al avoid    
address+ ea* o!r by "n1 sub/itut+ "s    

title2 z #8y\r lady%ip2' or by ! "n ( a 
favorite *ild1 z  #8,william's "m2' or  
by a p]iphrasis4 ,x is s /rictly obs]v$ 
by  "s wives1 t !y w\ld n m5tion an     
indiff]5t matt] by !  same "n z _! husb&
 is call$ by4 ,%\ld1 = in/ance1 !       
husb&'s "n be #8,ye>1' ! wife w\ld say1 
#8,i am sixte5  twelvemon?s old1' r ?an 
sixte5 #8ye>s4' ,h[ev]1 ?is excessive   
nicety w only be f\nd among villag]s4   
#8,"s ladies pride !mselves mu* 9 ! arts
 ( ne$le-"w &  cook]y3 excell5ce 9 ! =m]
 be+ deem$ a good crit]ion to =m  a     
judgm5t ( a lady's education3 a wife1   
!re=e1 :o did n take  ^u h]self ! :ole  
int]nal managem5t ( ! h\sehold1 w\ld be 
held 9 great disrepute4 ,!y are1 9      
g5]al1 all[$ a c]ta9 sum  ye>ly =       
cloa?s1 & all exp5ces ( ! h\se )9 doors1
 f  :i*1 by good managem5t1 !y (t5 save 
consid]able sums ( money1  &1 9 times ( 
di/ress1 :5 ! inconsid]ate husb& ?9ks 8 
all  is gone1 (t5 does 8 wife relieve 8 
di/resses f h] little  treasury4    #8,9
 addition to ! e/abli%$ all[ance1 !re   

are o!r fix$ sums  appropriat$4 ,9 _!   
holidays1 :i* frequ5tly occur1 d9n] is  
always dress$ )9 ! z5anah1 except ^u    
occasions ( great  fea/s & ent]ta9m5ts1 
:51 ( c\rse1 ! arrangem5t mu/ be made   
by m54 ,:5 only a few fri5ds are        
expect$1 ! wife1 be+ in=m$  ( _! numb] &
 rank1 issues h] ord]s accord+ly1 ?r\gh 
h]  female att5dants1 to ! male s]vants 
( ! h\se4 ,! education (  ! daught]s1 & 
sons also1 :il/ "y1 is entirely entru/$ 
to !  "m4 ,%\ld "o ( ! =m] =get ^?      
lessons ( *a/ity1 &  ( correctness (    
behavi\r1 :i* x is h] "m's con/ant      
solicitude to impress on h] m9d2 nay1   
%\ld h] conduct ev5 be su*  z to create 
suspicion2 imm$iate dea? f ! h& ( ! p>5t
  w\ld be ! consequ5ce4 ,i am speak+ "h 
( r ! high]  ord]s2 = p 9 ! middle ranks
 ( life are m re/ra9$ 9  _! conduct1 m  
)9 ! rea* ( ! law1 &1 besides1 ! po9t  (
 honor :i* acts ) su* =ce 9 high-m9d$   
families1 loses its  impetus ) !m4--,su*
 is ! influ5ce ! wom5 possess 9         
,h9do/an1  t1 :5ev] ,soonees & ,%eeaus#f

 int]m>ry1 7a circum/ance  n unusual17 !
 *ildr5 are always in/ruct$ 9 ! t5ets ( 
!  "m1 & (t5 _! fir/ prattle consi/s 9 a
 ridicule ( _!  fa!r's fai?4    -----   
,footnote #f3      ,two diff]5t sects ( 
! ,mahom$an religion4    -----    #8,at 
all m>riages1 7! c]emonies ( :i* w be   
h]eaft] detail$17  or on ! occurr5ce (  
mu*-wi%$-= ev5ts1 su* z ! return ( a    
son safely f ! w>s1 ! recov]y ( a lo/   
*ild1 c41 or :5 a  lady wi%es to be     
enroll$ among ! naik zuns1 or pure      
matrons1 a  fea/ is giv5 9 honor (      
,fatima1 ! daught] ( ! ,prophet1 :i* is 
t]m$ kundooree1 a ^w imply+             
(f-falls4--,no woman c p>take (  ?is    
fea/1 unless %e be ( ! pure/ morals2 & x
 is g5]ally  imag9$1 t an impure p]son1 
ev5 ta/+ ! sacr$ food prep>$  on t      
occasion1 w\ld surely die4 ,! lady :o   
gives ! fea/1  p]=ms m5ial (fices to !  
gue/s1 su* z wa%+ _! feet1 c4  ,!       
victuals s]v$ up1 consi/s ( su* articles
 z ,fatima is suppos$  to h pref]r$1    
viz4 rice1 ghee1 sug>1 pulse1 &         

vegetables4 ,a  %>e is s5t to ! m52 b n 
( t set ap>t = ! (f]+2 (  :i* ! pure    
matrons may alone p>take4 ,to be        
consid]$ z su*1 a  woman mu/ h regul>ly 
kept all ! annual fea/s1 & be m>ri$2    
or1 if a virg91 %e mu/ !n at lea/       
disclaim all int5tions (  *ang+ h]      
condition4 ,no woman contract$ 9 m>riage
 only = a "t1  su* z ! moota#g ( !      
,%eeaus1 & ! nekaw#g ( !  ,soonees1 c be
 admitt$4 ,! ^w nekaw1 among ! vulg>1   
implies1  b improp]ly1 ! second>y k9d ( 
m>riage4 ,no woman1 :o has  m>ri$ a     
second "t1 ?\gh %e may n h conv]s$ ) !  
fir/  husb&1 c p>take ( ! kundooree4    
-----    ,footnote #g3      ,a loose    
/ate ( irregul> matrimony1 sanction$ by 
! ,mahom$an law4    -----    #8,!       
females are seldom m>ri$ be=e ! age (   
fifte54 7,i wi% x to  be und]/ood1 :5 ,i
 speak indef9itely ( ! ,mussulmans1 t ,i
  allude to ^? ( ! upp] prov9ces2 = !   
mann]s ( ! ,b5gal  ,mussulman p>take s  
mu* ( ! ,h9du1 z to leave b few traces (
  _! orig9al "* p]ceptible74 ,an e>li]  

p]iod is frequ5tly  fix$ on1 :]e        
purposes ( int]e/ & policy may be       
answ]$4 ,old  maids1 at lea/ among !    
great1 are n at all uncommon2 caus$ by a
  k9d ( false pride1 or ,i "k n :at to  
t]m x1 ( ! p>5ts1 :o  _c be> t _!       
daught]s' nak$ness %\ld be kn[n to any  
"o4  ,nadir ,%ah1 x is said1 ei!r f a   
prejudice ( ?is nature1 or m  probably f
 a jeal\sy ( too highly honor+ any ( 8  
subjects1  de/roy$ all 8 female *ildr51 
:i* 7 extremely num]\s1  imm$iately on  
_! bir?1 except "o2 :o 0 conceal$ f him 
till  %e _h atta9$ h] ?irte5? ye>4 ,x 0 
!n contriv$ t %e  %\ld be br\ght into 8 
pres5ce4 ,%e is said to h be5 all t  0  
beautiful 9 nature6 ,%e flew to 8       
embrace1 :i* he fondly  return$1        
ignorant t he clasp$ 8 own daught]4 ,b1 
:5 ?is  devot$ *ild address$ him z h]   
fa!r1 ! h>d5$ mon/] seiz$  ! innoc5t    
victim by ! legs1 & kept h] head imm]s$ 
9 a  f\nta9 till %e expir$6 ,su* an     
acc\nt1 ev5 ( ! unfeel+ ,nadir  ,%ah1 is
 sc>cely to be cr$it$2 b ! /ory may %ew 

! "n he has  left beh9d him 9 ,h9do/an4 
#8,! late vizi]1 ,asoph ul ,d[lah1 left 
ab\t ?irty si/]s unm>ri$2  n t ,i       
believe 8 delicacy w\ld h suff]$ f any  
su*  fa/idi\s notions z above allud$ to2
 _! celibacy 0 ow+ to !  difficulty (   
obta9+ suitable mat*es = wom5 ( _! rank2
 :i*1  9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! c\ntry1 mu/  
be almo/ impracticable4    #8,read+ &   
writ+ are n usual accompli%m5ts ) !     
ladies (  ,h9do/an4 ,among ! great1 !re 
are1 h[ev]1 "s :o read su* books  z !   
,koran1 c4 & "s few :o write2 b ( all   
delightful  int]c\rse by lett] !y are   
entirely deb>r$2 x be+ deem$  indec5t   
ev5 = a wife directly to address h]     
husb&2 !re=e1  :e!r %e employ an        
amanu5sis to p5 a lett]1 or be capable (
  transcrib+ x h]self1 x mu/ be writt5 z
 f a ?ird p]son2 su*  z a son1 or ne>   
relation4    #8,among ! bett] ord]1 ab\t
 t5 9 a hundr$ c read ! ,koran2 b  x mu/
 n be und]/ood by read+1 t !y !nce      
compreh5d "o  s+le ^w ( x2 t book be+ to
 !m1 :at our ,bible1 9 a ,lat9  v]sion1 

mu/ =m]ly h be5 to our common p4 ,! mode
 (  pass+ _! "t1 ?\gh app>5tly n af=d+  
all t v>iety  :i* an ,european lady     
enjoys1 is n devoid ( amusem5t4 ,!y     
g5]ally rise1 or %\ld d s1 at daybreak2 
t !y may h "t to  purify !mselves be=e !
 ris+ ( ! sun1 at :i* "t ! fir/  pray]  
is repeat$4--,aft] pray]s1 ! important  
bus9ess at !  toilette comm5ces1 9 :i*1 
z is usual among ladies1 two or ?ree    
h\rs1 at lea/1 are pr(itably sp5t4 ,!   
missee is appli$ to !  feet &           
sweet-smell+ oils1 c4 to ! body2 :ile _!
 fl[+  r+lets 7^? nets :i* entangle     
unhappy lov]s1 & :i* _!  poets are s    
fond ( describ+7 are n[ nicely adju/$4  
,9 %ort1 !  toilette is become ) !m a   
p]fect art1 & mu* ( a "y lady's  "t is  
engross$ 9 att5d+ to in/ructions on ?is 
head4 ,aft] !  toilette1 comes !        
breakfa/2 :i* does n1 l ours1 consi/ (  
fix$ articles1 b v>ies agreeably to !   
ta/e ( ! p>ties1 & to  ! managem5t ( !  
mi/ress4 ,x w n appe> unnecess>y to     
obs]ve1 t !y nev] use knives or spoons2 

&1 inde$1 !y seem to  ?9k t we lose mu* 
( ! reli% ( ! food by ! artificial aids 
we employ on su* occasions4    #8,aft]  
breakfa/1 & hav+ issu$ ! necess>y ord]s 
= d9n]1 !  lady ( ! h\se1 att5d$ by h]  
daught]s & slave-girls1 sits d[n  to    
ne$le-"w2 an excell5ce on :i*1 z well z 
all k9ds (  embroid]y1 !y greatly pride 
!mselves4 ,among ! middle ranks1 su*  z 
c write1 (t5 employ !mselves 9 copy+ !  
,koran1 :i*1 :5  compleat$1 is ei!r sold
 =1 or giv5 to1 "s poor p]son1 to be    
conv]t$ into prop]ty m ne$ful to him4   
#8,! s\nd ( ! *]ky1 or sp9n+ :eel1 is   
always consid]$  indicative ( pov]ty1 & 
is !re=e seldom he>d 9 ! h\ses (  !     
great2 b wom5 ( a middl+ class1 (t5 sp9 
l>ge quantities (  cotton-wool into f9e 
?read1 int5d$ to be wove into mulmuls1  
c4 =  _! own app>el4 ,! co>s] skeans be+
 allott$ to _!  baundees1 or female     
slaves4    #8,betwe5 twelve & "o !y     
g5]ally d9e1 e p]son wa%+ !  face & h&s 
be=e ! company sits d[n at table1 or r  
table-clo?2 :i* is spread on ! gr\nd1 & 

ar\nd :i* all !  p>ty arrange !mselves3 
except x be among ! ,b5gal ,mussulmans1 
or  among su* z h adopt$ ! ,h9du mann]s1
 by :om a wife is n  p]mitt$ to eat 9 ! 
pres5ce ( h] husb&4 ,?is meal g5]ally   
consi/s ( boil$ rice1 or ( :eat5 cakes1 
/ew$ or curri$  vegetables4 ,curry is   
made ( f[ls1 kid1 & goats' fle%4 ,beef  
is  seldom s\ght aft]1 except 9 cities2 
& mutton is by mo/ consid]$  z an       
inflat+1 un:olesome food4 ,! head1 he>t1
 lights1 feet1 c4 (  animals1 are       
reject$4 ,! d9n] is usually divid$ into 
z _m %>es  z ! company consi/s (1 &     
br\ght 9 t way f ! cook-room2  except on
 great occasions1 :5 ! s]vant s]ves x   
out4 ,!y h no  *ange ( plates until !   
sweetmeats are br\ght 94 ,too?-picks1 & 
! wa%-h& bason1 are pres5t$ to ea*1     
except !re %\ld be a  l>ge company2 9 t 
case1 !y p]=m ! ablution ap>t4    #8,!y 
h n ! cu/om ( any p>ticul> p]son say+   
grace be=e  or aft] meals2 ea* repeat+ 9
 a l[ voice ! "n ( ,god4 ,aft]  meals1  
?anks are return$ by ! male "p1 b n by !

 female3 a  curi\s di/9ction6 ! reason =
 :i*1 my ,mussulman n>rator  ungallantly
 alleges to spr+ f ! nature ( woman 9   
g5]al4  ,imm$iately aft] d9n]1 ! p>ties 
retire to take _!  aft]noon-nap2 on     
aris+ f :i* ! toilette aga9 engages !   
ladies' att5tion4 ,dis5gag$ f x1 !y walk
 r\nd _! g>d5s  7:i* are enclos$17 to   
enjoy ! ev5+ air4 ,aft] sun-set1 :5 !   
ev5+ pray]s are ov]1 ! relations &      
fri5ds visit ea* o!r2  & ?is is ! h\r 9 
:i* ! husb& )draws himself f g5]al      
intrusion1 & retires to ! z5anah4 ,"h1  
surr\nd$ by 8 wife  & *ildr51 he enjoys 
! pleas+ conv]se ( ! "o1 & !  innoc5t   
div]sions ( ! o!r4 ,! "y folks ( bo?    
sexes play at  bl9dman's buff1 & su*-l  
sports1 :i* are g5]ally succe$$  by !   
propos+ ( enigmas1 ! n>ration ( en*ant+ 
tales1  unprem$itat$ rhymes1 & o!r      
v>i\s1 & n unuseful1 exhibitions  ( wit4
 ,9 su* disports1 great "p ( ! night    
glides away unnotic$1  z ! female       
visitors d n return home till ! next    
morn+4 ,games  are n mu* enc\rag$ among 

!m4 ,pat*ees1 a game 9 high vogue  among
 ! ladies1 is1 ,i believe1 ! only "o    
all[$4 ,! ^w means  tw5ty-five4 ,! game 
is play$ ) c[ries1 :i* answ] = dice4    
#8,x is a well-kn[n circum/ance1 t no   
,mussulman1 or ,mussulmanee1  ev] ?9ks (
 danc+ = ! pleasure ( ! ?+4 ,! me]ass51 
7a set ( wom5 ^: prov9ce x is17 are     
call$ 9 on p>ticul>  occasions3 b1 among
 p ( high rank1 x is usual to h a numb] 
( slave-girls1 t]m$ gae51#h taught music
 & danc+1 :o are  always ready to amuse 
! family4    -----    ,footnote #h3     
,probably f g[nah1 7i4e4 to s+74        
-----    #8,europeans may1 on su* a     
subject1 be surpriz$ ) ! s+ul>  s\nd (  
#8! wife' s (t5 repeat$1 s impress$ z !y
  g5]ally are ) ! idea ( a ,mussulman & 
8 s]aglio (  #8wives4' ,h[ev]1 x w be   
f\nd1 by su* z w take ! tr\ble  (       
inve/igation1 t ^? travell]s1 ^:        
relations h giv5  rise to su* errone\s  
ideas1 h deceiv$ !mselves1 by mi/ak+    
individual in/ances = g5]al traits2 ?us 
hold+ up ! picture  ( "o man z ! exact  

portraiture ( a nation4 ,we are n to    
suppose1 t x is common = m5 to avail    
!mselves ( ! example  ( _! prophet1 or !
 option he has all[$ to o!rs ( hav+  f\r
 wives4 ,9 fact1 n "o man 9 tw5ty1 ( !  
class n[ "u  consid]ation1 has m ?an "o 
wife1 nor "o 9 five hundr$ m  ?an two4  
,ev5 ! p]mission giv5 by ,mahom$ is n   
free f  re/riction2 = 8 words are1      
#8,m>ry1 ,o ye p1 :omsoev]  pleases y   
among wom51 ev5 to two1 ?ree1 or f\r3 b1
 if ye  appreh5d t y _c d !m ju/ice1 be 
cont5t ) "o4' ,?is  consid]ate advice ( 
! prophet h[ev] w\ld probably c>ry b    
small weight1 if !re did n exi/ o!r     
ob/acles1 n s easily  surm\nt$2 = x     
frequ5tly =ms a clause 9 ! quballa1#i   
7or  cabooleat17 9 a m>riage contract1 t
 ! husb& %all n take  a second wife3    
besides1 no p>5t1 possess$ ( a prop]    
reg>d =  8 *ild1 w\ld will+ly place h] 9
 t degrad$ situation a  second wife is  
always consid]$ to be2 & subject$1 z %e 
is1 to  ! entire control ( ! fir/2 :o1 x
 may be suppos$1 mu/1 f  v>i\s motives1 

9 g5]al prove a h>% & unpleasant        
mi/ress4  ,nei!r ought we to be l$ away 
by ! idea t any influ5ce ( !  husb& w   
prev5t su* consequ5ces2 = ! wives (     
,h9do/an1  h[ev] problematical x may    
s\nd1 w be f\nd to h1 9 reality1  ev5 m 
p[] ?an ^? ( ,europe4 ,x is true1 a     
husb& is all[$  by law ! privilege (    
divorc+ 8 wife :5ev] displeas$ )  h]    
conduct2 & ?is1 on ! fir/ glance1 appe>s
 to leave no  alt]native b implicit     
ob$i5ce 9 ! woman3 b x w be f\nd        
o!rwise1 9 fact2 = ! relations ( ! bride
 take c>e1 9 !  m>riage-settlem5t1 t !  
mahir1 or m>riage-portion1 payable 9    
case ( sep>ation1 %all be fix$ at an    
am\nt f> exce$+ !  circum/ances ( !     
husb& to pay2 :i*1 ( c\rse1 proves an   
effectual *eck to a divorcem5t4 ,9      
addition to ?is1 g5]al op9ion  /rongly  
opposes a sep>ation1 ?\gh n a second    
m>riage1 :]e  !re exi/s no suffici5t    
cause to ju/ify ! /ep2 su* z  b>r5ness1 
*ronic disease1 c41 9 ! woman4    ----- 
,footnote #i3      ,agreem5t &          

settlem5t4    -----    #8,:]ev] !re are 
two or m wives1 an equal di/ribution (  
favors  is rigidly insi/$ on1 7unless ! 
second>y "o happ5s to be (  inf]ior     
rank27 yet1 let x n be inf]r$ t any lady
 c\ld be s  lo/ to delicacy z to urge h]
 claims 9 direct t]ms4 ,! sex h  always 
! comm& ( g5]al signs1 :]eby to intimate
 _!  expectations 9 ! mo/ delicate      
mann]4 ,b1 ?\gh jeal\s ( h]  rights1 a  
wife ( rank & education w\ld1 dur+ !    
:ole p]iod (  h] exi/5ce1 deem x highly 
indelicate to neglect1 9 ! mo/  seclud$ 
mom5ts1 a mode/ reluctance to comply ) !
 solicitations  ( h] husb&4    #8,among 
! slave-girls1 !re are always two or    
?ree :o are consid]$  z ! h&maids ( !   
husb&1 & ) :om1 ev5 by _! religion1  an 
int]c\rse is p]mitt$3 h[ev]1 ?is mu/ be 
conduct$ 9 a  conceal$ mann]4 ,!y1 too1 
ap+ ! mann]s ( _! mi/resses1 are  n     
always at ! comm& ( ! ma/]2 & ,i h be5  
assur$1 by m5  ( em95ce & afflu5ce among
 !m1 t1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty1  !y h     
suff]$ all ! tantalization ( want4      

#8,x is said1 t ,soojah ,d[lah1 :5ev] he
 paid a visit to any o!r  lady1 always  
impos$ on himself a f9e ( two ?\s&      
rupees1 :i* he  s5t to 8 wife4 ,!       
prophet himself _h only five wives1 "o (
 :om  he pref]r$ to all ! re/2 yet1 ?\gh
 mu* incl9$1 he dur/ n  visit h] (t5]   
?an ! o!rs2 two ( :om1 h[ev]1 he v5tur$ 
to  divorce1 t ! p]iod ( 8 enjoym5t     
might m quickly revolve4    #8,a wife   
may1 9 c]ta9 cases1 insi/ on a divorce1 
su* z inefficacy  9 ! husb&1 c4 "u :i*  
circum/ances %e receives !              
m>riage-portion4 ,x mu/ be rem>k$1 t1   
al?\gh ! mahir is  always fix$ 9 !      
m>riage articles1 yet t !re does n exi/ 
any  me?od ( settl+ x on ! wife         
indep5d5tly1 z among u2 !re=e1  ?is     
settlem5t consi/s only ( t]ms1 except 9 
cases ( divorce4 ,!  ^w mahir means1    
lit]ally1 ! price paid = any ?+4    #8,a
 wife nev] br+s a d[ry to h] husb&1     
except h] pl5tiful /ock  may be s       
consid]$1 su* z cloa?s1 jewels1 c41 :i* 
h] p>5ts  s5d ) h]1 sometimes to s great

 an ext5t1 z to preclude = ye>s  !      
necessity ( any supply f ! husb&4       
#8,:5 a divorce occurs1 ev5 on ! dem& ( 
! wife1 ! husb& is  oblig$ to support h]
 z long z any possibility rema9s ( h]   
af=d+ n\ri%m5t to 8 (fspr+2 &1 %\ld %e  
!n be  pregnant1 ! all[ance mu/ be      
cont9u$ to h]1 agreeably to h] rank  9  
life1 until ! p]iod ( h] deliv]y1 :5 !  
*ild is tak5 f  h]2 unless %e *ooses to 
support x at h] own exp5ce1 & is all[$  
to d s by ! fa!r4    #8,%\ld a man cat* 
8 wife 9 ! act ( adult]y1 & rev5ge      
himself  by ! dea? ( bo? p>ties1 !      
,mahom$an law w\ld acquit him (  murd]2 
b1 %\ld he take ! life ( only "o ( !    
(f5d]s1 !y  w\ld s5t5ce him to dea?4 ,! 
laws ( ! ,koran1 relative to trials  =  
adult]y1 "o w\ld almo/ ?9k 7 fram$ ) !  
sole view (  prohibit+ su* suits2 =1    
:]eas1 9 common cases1 two respectable  
male witnesses are deem$ compet5t to    
e/abli% a fact2 9 cases (  adult]y1 f\r 
male witnesses mu/ be produc$4 ,!       
te/imony ( a  ?\s& wom5 w\ld be ( no    

avail1 & t ( ! m5 mu/ be cle>  &        
circum/antial4 ,! smalle/ disagreem5t   
w\ld invalidate !  depositions ( ! :ole4
 ,9 %ort1 su* are ! difficulties1 or r  
impossibilities1 ! law ?r[s 9 ! way (   
sub/antiat+ ! *>ge1  t causes ( ! score 
( adult]y1 or ( =nication1 are seldom   
he>d (4    #8,!y seem n to h di/+ui%$ ^!
 two crimes by diff]5t  appellations1   
?\gh ! puni%m5t is diff]5t4 ,= ! fir/1 !
  crim9al is /on$ to dea?2 = ! second1 a
 hundr$ la%es are deem$  an adequate    
puni%m5t4 ,s ! aw>d to a m>ri$ man &    
unm>ri$  woman1 convict$ ( z9nah1 7a    
g5]al t]m = unlawful  co-habitation17   
w\ld be dea? to ! man1 & flagellation to
 !  woman4 ,su* is ! law2 b cu/om has   
left ! injur$ p>ties to  pursue private 
measures ( rev5ge1 9 :i* ! c\rts nev]   
int]f]e4    #8,mutual int]c\rse among   
female fri5ds & relations is kept up by 
visits2 = :i*1 h[ev]1 previ\s p]mission 
f ! husb&s mu/  be obta9$1 except :5 !  
wife int5ds a visit to h] p>5ts4 ,9  su*
 a case1 %e intimates h] int5tion2 &1   

?\gh he may dissuade1  he has n ! p[] to
 re/ra94 ,:5 fir/ in=m$ ( ?is privilege1
  s contr>y to receiv$ op9ion1 x excit$ 
my surprize1 :i* ,i ev9c$  by m9ute     
enquiry4 ,! foll[+ is ! answ] ,i receiv$
 f a p]son  ( rank & "*3 #8,a wife'     
7said he7 #8is n a slave to a husb&4    
,he is h] gu>dian1 x is true2 &1 :5 %e  
pursues a pa? t w\ld  lead to disgrace1 
x is 8 duty to control h]1 on common    
occasions1 by  advice3 %\ld t prove     
ineffectual1 h] relatives are in=m$ ( h]
  refractor9ess1 & !y l5d _! aid4 ,if   
/ill untractable1 %e may  be conf9$ to  
h] room4 ,he may ab/a9 f h] b$2 b :]e is
 !  ,mussulman ( "* t w\ld lift 8 h& to 
! wife ( 8  bosom8 ,is he devoid ( all  
reg>d to 8 own honor1 t he %\ld treat  !
 "m ( 8 *ildr5 ) disgrace8 or has he    
become reg>dless (  ! good op9ion ( 8   
bre?r58 or c\ld he1 = a mom5t1 =get t   
h] relations1 to a man1 w\ld />t =w>d to
 res5t an insult (f]$  to _! family8 ,no
 man' 7cont9u$ he7 #8c1 ) impunity1     
oppose t  g5]al op9ion :i* has = its    

f\ndation bo? propriety & ju/ice4  ,a   
wife mu/1 !re=e1 be p]mitt$ to visit h] 
p>5ts :5ev] %e  is incl9$ to d s4'      
#8,x mu/ appe> curi\s1 h[ev]1 t cu/om   
has made x indec5t =  h] to return1 )\t 
an invitation f h] husb&6 ,?is may      
produce  consid]able effect1 :5 a mutual
 reg>d1 or *ildr51 atta* !m to  ea* o!r2
 b1 :ile ! lady cont9ues "y1 if %e be   
any way  coqueti% & takes a pleasure1 z 
is sometimes ! case1 to teaze h]  husb&1
 %e w1 "u v>i\s pretexts1 cont9ue       
obdurate = mon?s1  until 8 pati5ce1 & 8 
ample /ock ( promises ( future k9dness1 
are exp5d$4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,h9do/anee ladies
 are possess$ ( a  ?\s& arts :]eby to   
secure _! influ5ce1 & to dom9e] ov]  !  
lords ( creation4    #8,9 ! abs5ce ( h] 
husb&1 a wife1 ?\gh %e may receive1 pays
 no  visits4 ,:5 ! wom5 travel1 or move 
f "o h\se to ano!r1 !y  are conceal$ )  
all ! precaution g5]ally attribut$ to an
 ,ea/]n  j\rney2 _! palanqu9s are       
c>efully %ut up1 & att5d$1 :5 !  rank ( 
! p]son dem&s x1 by gu>ds compos$ (     

eunu*s1 &  sometimes by arm$ wom51 :o   
are call$1 f _! c\ntries1  ,toorknees1  
,zillmaknees1 ,oorda-,bignees1 c4 ,?is  
jeal\s c>e1 h[ev]1  is n tak5 by all    
classes4 ,! ,rohillas1 = in/ance1 are   
less  scrupul\s3 among !mselves1 _! wom5
 travel unveil$1 & )\t  c]emony4 ,inde$1
 among ! nor!rn nations1 we c trace b   
little (  t gu>d$ precaution s          
conspicu\s 9 ! cities ( ,h9do/an4       
#8,no c]emony is obs]v$ at ! nam+ ( a   
*ild4 ,! p>5ts *oose a  "n1 :i* habit   
soon confirms4 ,! great are cr$ul\s1 &  
(t5 call  9 an a/rolog]1 :o is mo/ly a  
,bram91 to ca/ ! *ild's nativity1  & to 
fix on1 or to approve (1 a "n2 b ?is is 
n usual1 nor is  fea/+1 nor m]ry-mak+1 z
 at our *ri/5+s4    #8,a son is at no   
age deb>r$ f freely ent]+ ! z5anah1 ?\gh
  x may conta9 numb]s ( wom5 n at all   
relat$ to him2 &1 %\ld  ! encreas$ bulk 
( any ( ! slave-girls %ew symptoms ( 8  
att5tion1 x w h>dly be deem$ a crime 9  
ei!r p>ty4 ,h[ev]1 z  ! p>5ts are       
solicit\s to prev5t su* an int]c\rse1 !y

 r>ely  fail to provide ! "y g5tleman ) 
a wife1 s e>ly z  circum/ances w admit4 
,%\ld ?is be delay$1 a slave-girl w\ld  
be  all[$ him1 b ! int]c\rse mu/ proce$ 
9 su* a mann]1 z if  ! p>5ts 7 ignorant 
( ! affair2 ! prog5y f ?is  connection  
w\ld be receiv$ into ! family on equal  
t]ms ) ^?  born 9 w$lock2 be+ once      
ackn[l$g$1 !y are entitl$ to e          
privilege ( inh]itance4 ,primog5iture1  
among ! ,mahom$ans1 gives no  sup]ior   
claims to _! real1 or p]sonal prop]ty3 !
 division ( !  e/ate is easy1 = a son   
gets d\ble ! %>e ( a daught]4    #8,!   
evid5ce ( wom5 ( rank is tak5 by male   
relations1 or by wom5  prop]ly au?oriz$ 
by ! ,cazee#aj = t purpose2 b female    
te/imony is inadmissible 9 cases ( life 
& dea?4 ,a woman ( rank  nev] suff]s    
public puni%m5t1 = ! p>5ts or husb&s1 to
 prev5t  h] disgrace1 w\ld !mselves     
cause h] dea?2 ! only k9d (  puni%m5t1  
inde$1 t a woman ( ?is description seems
 liable to  und]go4    -----            
,footnote #aj3      ,cazee is a judge1  

or ju/ice4    -----    #8,:5 !y are     
indispos$1 application is made to !     
doctor2 :o1 ^u  enquir+ into ! symptoms1
 & exam9+ c]ta9 ,,quacki% tok5s1        
prescribes accord+ly2 b1 if ! disord] be
 ob/9ate1 ! doctor is  p]mitt$ to       
approa* ! purdah1 7i4e4 curta91 or      
scre517 & to  put 8 h& ?r\gh a small    
ap]ture1 purposely made1 9 ord] to  feel
 ! pati5t's pulse4 ,! lady's h& or arm  
is nev] expos$ to  view1 at lea/ n to   
any male3 on ?is occasion1 ! doctor's h&
 is  guid$ to ! pulse by a female       
att5dant4    #8,wid[s seldom take a     
second husb&1 ?\gh all[$ to d s4 ,"y    
wid[s are sometimes m>ri$ to ! husb&'s  
bro!r1 b ev5 ?is is  n frequ5t4 ,wom5 ( 
rank sometimes suckle _! own *ildr54 ,9 
!  *oice ( a wet-nurse1 !y are extremely
 p>ticul>1 z all h] family  are by t    
means consid]$ 9 ! light ( relations2 a 
cu/om s f>  adh]$ to1 z to preclude !   
possibility ( int]m>riage betwe5 !  *ild
 ?us suckl$1 & ! *ildr5 ( its nurse4    
#8,wom5 9 ,india nev] g to public ba?s4 

,ea* h\se 9 g5]al is  furni%$ ) hot &   
cold ba?s4 ,:]e ! =m] _c be af=d$1  a   
boil] is always 9 read9ess4 ,ba?+ is    
comm&$ z a necess>y  purification aft]  
mo/ ( ! common occurr5ces ( life4 ,s mu*
 s1  t mo/ m>ri$ ladies1 "u c]ta9       
circum/ances1 are oblig$ to  p]=m !     
ablution ev5 9 ! middle ( ! night2 &1 z 
9 ^!  c]emonies if ! p>ties are at all  
p>ticul>1 x requires ! hair to  be wet1 
x af=ds occasion ! next morn+ = _!      
female fri5ds to  ex]cise _! wit on !   
occasion4    #8,! dresses ( ! s+le1 & ( 
! m>ri$1 ladies1 diff] b  little4 ,! =m]
 nev] we> ornam5ts at ! nose1 ungeeas1  
or  support]s to ! brea/1 no black      
o9tm5t#aa to fill up !  int]/ices ( !   
tee?1 nor antimony to ! eye-lids4 ,x has
 be5  errone\sly suppos$1 t a turban 0  
peculi> to a sp9/]1 f !  simil>ity ( !  
words *e]na & *e]a2 ! latt] mean+ a     
color$ turban1 :i* w\ld be disgraceful =
 any mode/ woman to we>4  ,! ^w *e]na   
has a v diff]5t etymology1 :i* w be     
suffici5tly evid5t to any "o acqua9t$ ) 

! ,h9do/anee4#ab    -----    ,footnote  
#aa3      ,! missee1 be=e describ$4     
,footnote #ab3      ,! hym5 ( anatomy4  
-----    #8,! pres5t fa%ionable dress ( 
our fair c\ntry-wom51 hav+ _h =  its    
object ! imitation ( ! ,h9do/anee1 might
 be suppos$ to  preclude ! necessity ( a
 p>ticul> description1 did n ! same     
incon/ancy equally p]vade _! ta/e4 ,)9  
^! few ye>s1 !  %oes ) ! long-turn$-up  
tops h be5 introduc$ & aboli%$1  9      
consequ5ce 7z ! /ory goes17 ( a lady 9  
,asoph ud ,d\lah's  h>am be+ ?r[n d[n by
 ! entanglem5t ( ! /r+ ( a kite  r\nd ! 
curvature ( h] %oe4 ,! n'hut1 or l>ge   
r+1 worn at !  nose1 is also go+ out (  
fa%ion3 inde$1 consid]+ !  inconv5i5ce t
 mu/ h be5 exp]i5c$ f ?is ornam5t1 x is 
/range x %\ld s long h cont9u$ 9 use4 ,!
 disuse ( x is  acc\nt$ = 9 ! foll[+    
mann]4 ,on ! dea? ( a m>ri$ woman1  or (
 h] husb&1 7= no wid[s we> x17 ?is      
ornam5t1 accord+ to  long-e/abli%$      
usage1 becomes ! prop]ty ( ! me]ase5s1 a
  p>ticul> k9d ( naut* wom54 ,a lady (  

,oude1 ( a delicate way (  ?9k+1 be+ 9  
possession ( a n'hut ( great value &    
elegance1  ?\ght %e obs]v$ ! long+ eye (
 ! me]ase5s cont9ually  fix$ on ?is     
jewel2 &1 dread+ ! effects ( _! envy on 
h] own  life1 or on t ( h] husb&1 took  
(f ! n'hut & ?rew x away2  a circum/ance
 t creat$ mu* con/]nation 9 ! family1 & 
a/oni%m5t 9 ! husb&1 z x _h hi!rto be5  
deem$ a necess>y  "p ( a m>ri$ woman's  
dress1 & 0 gu>d$ ) z mu*  sup]/iti\s c>e
 z ! m>riage-r+ among u4 ,h[ev]1 !      
explanation ( h] motives set all to     
rights aga92 ! husb&  applaud$ h]       
prud5ce1 & ! neighb\r+ families1 tak+ up
 !  same idea1 ! long-e/abli%$ rights ( 
! me]ase5s 9 t "p  ( ! c\ntry suff]$    
almo/ total aboli%m5t4    #8,! dress ( !
 ladies ( rank has become comp>atively  
simple1 &  seems to ev9ce a consid]able 
improvem5t 9 ! national ta/e4  ,in/ead (
 bo? e>s be+ weigh$ d[n1 z 0 =m]ly !    
case1 !y  n[ only we> a slight ornam5t$ 
r+ 9 ! left e>1 9 g5]al4 ,!  hav+ bo?   
e>s ornam5t$ !y consid] z ! height (    

vulg>ity4 ,a  pe>l necklace1 slight     
gold5 r+s at ! wri/s & ancles1 t]m$     
zew>ee i*anje]ee1 include all ! ornam5ts
 worn by a lady (  fa%ion4 ,= ! wri/s !y
 pref] silk5 bracelets1 decorat$ )      
jewels4 ,! hair1 :i* 0 br\ght d[n ov] ! 
br[ 9 two  semi-circles1 s z almo/ to   
be> on ! eye1 is divid$ z be=e1 b  n    
p]mitt$ to conceal any "p ( ! =ehead4   
#8,! pyjama1 or draw]s1 7 =m]ly worn s  
tight1 z to r5d] x  a "w ( "s labor to  
get !m on4 ,inde$1 to su* a l5g? did ?is
  ta/e g at "o "t1 t _m ( ! fam\s       
c\rtezans _h !mselves  pa9t$ 9 imitation
 ( keemkab#ac f ! wai/ d[nw>ds4 ,9 !    
upp] prov9ces1 !y are n[ made to fit    
exactly above ! knee1 b  f !nce d[nw>ds 
q loose1 & s long z to press on ! %oe4  
,9 ! l[] prov9ces1 ! exact rev]se takes 
place4 ,9 ,b5gal1 x is  deem$ immode/ to
 we> ! ungeeas1 or support]s to ! brea/4
 ,9  ! upp] prov9ces1 a woman w\ld be   
a%am$ to be se5 )\t !m4    -----        
,footnote #ac3      ,keemkab is a sort (
 silk5 fabric1 9 :i* fl[]s1 c4 are wov54

    -----    #8,! coortee1 or k9d (     
banian1 mu/ be ( ! ?9ne/ musl91 s  t !  
tap]+ wai/1 :i* !y s mu* admire1 & ( :i*
 our  ladies n[ d5y u ! view1 may be    
di/9ctly se54 ,! sleeves %ort1  & !     
coortee itself s mu* s1 t ! nicfa1 a    
diff]5t  color$ clo? at ! top ( !       
pyjama1 may n be conceal$1 !            
doo-puttah1 or two bread?s ( musl91 =m$ 
into ! %ape ( a  scot* plaid1 & worn    
ne>ly 9 ! same mann]1 is ?r[n ov] !     
:ole4    #8,! pai%waz1 mean+ op5 9      
front1 is n n[ 9 fa%ion4 ,?is is  ! robe
 f :i* our ladies h tak5 _! pres5t      
dress1 b :i*  !y h mode/ly clos$ be=e1  
hav+ no pa9t$ keemkabs to %ew4          
,petticoats1 7call$ b&anas17 are        
sometimes worn by ,mahom$an ladies1     
especially 9 ! ra9y season1 :5 !        
div]sion ( sw++  comm5ces1 b nev] )\t   
draw]s "u !m4--,wid[s %\ld n we>  cloa?s
 /a9$ ) any b :at are t]m$ pukka1 or    
la/+ colors2  nor %\ld ^! be ( ! gl>+   
k9d4 ,_! pyjamas mu/ always be  :ite1   
:i* a m>ri$ lady nev] we>s4    #8,on !  

comm5cem5t ( ! sev5?1 9 ,b5gal1 & ! n9? 
mon? up  ! c\ntry1 ( pregnancy1 x is    
usual to give a great ent]ta9m5t to  !  
fri5ds ( ! p>ties2 on :i* occasion !    
mi/ress ( ! fea/  is deck$ ) fl[]s1 &   
dress$ ) new cloa?s & ornam5ts4 ,"o  ( !
 females1 to :om ,luc9da may h be5 m    
propiti\s ?an to  ! re/1 comes =w>d ) a 
pres5t1 consi/+ ( sev5 k9ds (  fruits1 &
 ( ! fl[] ( rice1 knead$ into r\nd &    
oval pieces3  ?is "p ( ! c]emony is     
conf9$ to ,b5gal4 ,! fir/ is said to be 
emblematic ( girls1 ! latt] ( boys4 ,?is
 (f]+ is p\r$ out  into ! pregnant      
lady's lap1 :o1 )\t ta/+ ! fruits       
h]self1  di/ributes !m among ! company4 
,?is fea/1 if practicable1 is giv5  at  
h] fa!r's h\se1 :]e ! lady is g5]ally   
deliv]$4 ,"h !  midwife att5ds1 :o is   
seldom1 or c be1 exp]t 9 h] bus9ess4    
,h5ce1 unlucky bir?s are v frequ5t4 ,i  
ne$ n obs]ve1 t males  nev] (ficiate 9  
?is l9e2 h[ev]1 ! old ladies sometimes1 
9  dang]\s cases1 v5ture to p]=m        
*irurgical op]ations4 ,a few l9es  f !  

,koran1 s5t by "s celebrat$ religioni/1 
& plac$ at !  b$-head1 or a little wat] 
sanctifi$ by be+ p\r$ on ! ,,koran1 is  
suppos$ to be wond]fully efficaci\s2 b1 
9 difficult bir?s1 "s  p]son1 woman1    
boy1 or girl1 :o has be5 =tunate en\gh  
to come feet  =emo/ into ! _w1 is call$ 
9 to jump sev5 times ov] ! womb  ( !    
p]son 9 labor4 ,on ^! occasions1 all !  
keys are tak5 out  ( ! locks1 doors     
op5$1 boxes unlock$1 & a sword hung up 9
 "s  "p ( ! room1 to fright5 away ! evil
 demons4 ,if ! dang]  encreases1 ! husb&
 op5s 8 turban1 & spreads x ov] !       
pati5t's womb1 & !n makes x up ! wrong  
way4 ,!y h a /one  call$ k'ho1 or ! p[] 
( seals1 :i* is ti$ ab\t ! neck1  & _m  
o!r sup]/iti\s practices2 ! same z 9 all
 c\ntries1  among ! common p4 ,! *ild   
be+ born1 ! rooms are kept z  close z   
possible1 & x is n p]mitt$ to get milk =
 ?ree days4  ,dur+ ! fir/ six1 ! "m     
ta/es no?+ b light caudle4 ,on !  night 
( ! six?1 ! *ild is br\ght to ! door1 t 
! />light  may %9e ^u x4 ,p5 & ink are  

plac$ at ! head ( ! b$1 t  ! angel (    
fate may write on its =ehead its future 
de/9y4 ,!  fir/ ablution is p]=m$ by !  
lady on ! =tie? day4 ,:5 !  *ild is f\r 
mon?s old1 a fea/ call$ ke] *ittaee is  
giv51 to  :i* all fri5ds & relations are
 invit$4 ,ke] is a prep>ation (  rice & 
milk1 :i* ! *ild is n[ made to ta/e1 or 
to lick or  lap1 z ! t]m *ittaee        
implies4    #8,smok+ ! urqu#ad is n s   
g5]al a practice z is suppos$1 at  lea/ 
among ! middle ranks4 ,! great1 9 ?is1 z
 9 o!r luxuries1  indulge !mselves m    
freely4 ,zeebool ,nissa daught] ( ,alc  
,ge]1  & ,noor ,jehan1 inv5t$ ! pres5t  
=m ( ! goorgooree snake2#ae  & ,khumm]  
,mahom$ ,%ah1 ! ar*$ snake n[ 9 use2 :i*
 is said  to h be5 contriv$ by him = !  
conv5i5ce ( smok+ z he  travell$4       
,zeebool ,nissa appe>s to h be5 a lady (
 great  accompli%m5ts1 ^: h>d fate x 0  
to lead a s+le life1 z may be  ga!r$ f !
 foll[+ l9es ( :i* %e 0 ! au?or4        
-----    ,footnote #ad3      ,commonly  
pron\nc$ hookah4    ,footnote #ae3      

,a small] k9d ( hookah1 ) a %ort /iff   
snake4    -----    #8,ill-luck befall t 
arm t nev] has encircl$ ! neck ( a love6
 ,o  may ! eyes be dim t draw n enjoym5t
 f ! glance ( a  belov$4 ,a hundr$      
seasons h pass$ away1 & e favorite rose 
has  be5 pluck$ to ornam5t a turban3    
#8,b ! rose-bud 9 ! g>d5 ( my he>t has  
be5 all[$ to decay1  & has n be5 pluck$ 
z a nosegay by any "o4'#af    -----     
,footnote #af3      ,contra/ ?is simple 
lam5tation ) ! absurd effusions ( ,mirza
    ,abu ,taalib ,khan1 at a succe$+    
page4    -----    #8,& yet1 :5 h] fa!r  
propos$ a husb& to h]1 %e repli$3 8t    
le>n+ 0 only to be f\nd among ! l[]     
ord]s1 & ) su* %e  c\ld n w$1 t pr9ces 7
 9 g5]al ignorant1 & ) su* %e  c\ld n be
 happy40    #8,9 ! z5anahs1 ! ladies    
div]t !mselves by br++ up pets (        
diff]5t k9ds1 su* z m9as1 7a k9d (      
/>l+17 f[ls1 goats1  pigeons1 c4 ,! cat1
 9 p>ticul>1 has an exclusive privilege1
 9  consequ5ce ( ! prophet's hav+ _h a  
favorite puss1 :i* he took  mu* pleasure

 9 fe$+3 h5ce1 t animal is held sacr$1 &
 !  murd] ( x consid]$ z ! highe/       
sacrilege4 ,!y tell a /ory1  t ,mahom$1 
:5 asc5d+ into heav51 happ5$ to take a  
peep1 en  passant1 into hell1 :]e1      
obs]v+ an old woman mak+ a sad          
lam5tation1 he ask$ ! angel ,gabriel :y 
%e suff]$8 ,! angel  ref]r$ him =       
in=mation to ! old lady h]self1 :o      
repli$1 t  %e und]w5t su* torm5ts = hav+
 caus$ ! dea? ( a cat6 ,:5  ?is holy    
p]sonage return$ to ! e>?1 he told !    
/ory z a  w>n+ to 8 disciples2 b1       
not)/&+ su* holy int]f]5ce1  ! cat is   
consid]$ z an envi\s animal1 wi%+ !     
decrease ( !  family1 t ! mi/ress ( x   
may c>ess h] ! m2 :]eas1 !  dog1 7?\gh  
deem$ an unclean animal17 is ?\ght to   
pray = encrease1  t he may h m bones to 
pick6    #8,x is a g5]al cu/om among !  
,soozees#ag1 bo? m5 & wom51 to  *oose "s
 holy man to be _! guide & in/ructor1 7n
 dissimil>  to ! (fice ( a confessor17  
:om !y call _! pe]2#ah  designat+       
!mselves 8 moore$1 or disciple4 ,:5 a   

lady ( rank  has fix$ on ?is holy       
p]sonage = h] pe]1 he is invit$ to !    
h\se1 :]e ! foll[+ c]emony ensues4 ,/&+ 
on ! outside (  ! purdah1 or curta91 he 
holds "o end ( a h&k]*ief1 ! o!r  end ( 
:i* is held by 8 int5d$ moore$ )9 !     
purdah4 ,9  ?is position he reads al\d  
select passages f ! ,koran1 allusive  to
 ! subject1 & f9i%es ) a lecture on     
morality4 ,?us adopt$1  he is !nce=w>d  
to h] z h] ,god & ! prophet4 ,9 all     
difficult  situations1 %e looks to him =
 relief1 call+ on 8 "n 9 dang]2  & !    
dea? ( ! pe] does n ev5 dissolve !      
contract4 ,aft]  ! fir/ c]emony1 ! pe]  
seldom visits 8 moore$2 inde$1 z  ?\s&s 
may *oose ! same spiritual guide1 su*   
duty w\ld prove too  mu* ev5 = 8 _s to  
be>4 ,h[ev]1 !re are in/ances ( a  pe]  
be+ *os5 f motives v diff]5t f :at may  
be  suppos$ 9 g5]al to op]ate2 h5ce1 we 
sometimes discov]1 t1  "u ! cov] ( a    
pe]1 ! lady indulges h]self ) a private 
lecture f a "y lov]4 ,inde$1 ! ,%eeaus  
give ?is z a  reason = _! discont9uance 

( ! practice4    -----    ,footnote #ag3
      ,a p>ticul> sect4    ,footnote    
#ah3      ,pe] lit]ally means a prophet4
    -----    #8,fatima1 ! ,prophet's    
daught]1 is invok$ "u diff]5t           
appellations4 ,h] g5]al "n is ,khatoon  
ul junet1 or ,mi/ress (  ,p>adise4 ,!re 
are1 besides1 sev]al male sa9ts1 ^:     
peculi>  prov9ce is ! protection ( !    
fair sex2 b ,pe] ,ba:oor1 is !  ha/5] ( 
lov]s' return4 ,among ! l[] ranks1 ,%aik
 ,saddoo is  (t5 invok$4 ,?is 0 a good &
 great man1 :om ! devil tempt$ 9  ! %ape
 ( a beautiful "y lady2 &1 z he happ5$  
to die be=e  he _h "t = purification1 he
 0 7z is usual 9 su* cases17  turn$ into
 a kubbeess1 or w&]+ wick$ _s1 ( :om !  
wom5  are mu* afraid2 = he is said (t5  
to ent] !m 9 ! %ape ( !  devil1 su* z 9 
! times ( our =efa!rs 7 us$ to possess !
  females4 ,!y give great fea/s 9 honor 
( ,%aik ,saddoo1 at :i* a  goat =ms "p (
 ! sacrifice4 ,h5ce1 :5 a woman is 9 h] 
tantrums1 %e is ironically said to      
require a slice ( ! ,%aik's  goat4 ,at !

 ent]ta9m5t giv5 9 8 honor1 "o ( ! wom5 
p]sonates ! ,%aik1 be+ dress$ 9 male    
habilim5ts1 & furni%$  ) sword & t>get4 
,:5 a woman is said to be possess$1 %e  
und]goes all ! agitations ( ! prophetic 
beldames ( =m] times2  %e foams at !    
m\?1 & appe>s 9 /rong convulsions4 ,9   
?is  deplorable situation1 true answ]s  
are suppos$ to be receiv$ to all        
que/ions put to h] relat+ to pa/1 or to 
future ev5ts4 ,"s wom5  affect to be    
m>ri$ to ?is sa9t1 &1 consequ5tly1      
become v1 v  devils to _! husb&s &      
neighb\rs4 ,za5 ,khan1 p>ticul>ly 9  !  
upp] prov9ces1 is a sa9t ( a simil>     
complexion & hi/ory4 ,"o  ( ! bhaguts1  
or doctors1 fam\s = 8 dext]ity 9        
exorcism1 gave  me ! foll[+ detail ( 8  
proce$+s4    #8,:5 a woman appe>s heavy 
& unwell1 h] fri5ds1 suspect+ !  cause1 
call 9 a bhagut1 :o g5]ally1 z may be   
imag9$1 accords  ) !m 9 op9ion4 ,on he>+
 ?is s5t5ce f s le>n$ a  p]sonage1 !    
pati5t's imag9ation beg9s to op]ate1 &1 
9 a %ort  :ile1 %e feels ! _s move )9   

h]4 ,! bhagut loses no "t  9 mak+ up a  
magic sacrifice1 :i* he sets on ! fire  
"u !  woman's nose4 ,! devil be+ ?us    
smok$ out1 loses no "t 9 m\nt+  ^u !    
body ( ! pati5t1 & beg9s 7p]mit me ! use
 ( a vulg>1  ?\gh n inapplicable t]m7 to
 ride away 8at a devil ( a rate40 ,!    
pati5t n[ suff]s viol5t agitation1 toss+
 h] arms1 head1 & legs  ab\t1 9 a       
dreadful mann]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! kicks &
 buffet+s  f ! fi5d2 :o all ?is :ile is 
totally invisible to e "o  except !     
bhagut4 ,?is is ! mom5t = ! display ( ! 
doctor's  art & dext]ity6 ,he spr+s     
=w>d1 & seizes ! possess$ by !  hair2   
:i* he holds fa/1 z x gives him an      
entire comm& ov] !  _s1 :om he n[       
int]rogates 9 ! foll[+ p]emptory & bold 
mann]3--8,:o art ?\8 :5ce come/ ?\8 & :y
 di/urbe/ ?\ ?is  woman80    #8,to ^!   
qu]ies1 ! fi5d1 ?r\gh ! m\? ( !         
possess$1  makes answ]1 8,be x kn[n to  
y1 t ,i inhabit a c]ta9 tree10  specify+
 "o 9 ! neighb\rhood2 8& t1 be+ on my   
rambles1 9  pass+ ?is female1 ,i espi$  

h] body to be pure & undefil$1 &  fit = 
habitation2 !re=e ,i ent]$ into x40 ,!  
fi5d n[ (f]s  to quit 8 habitation1 if x
 be ! bhagut's pleasure2 :i*1 aft]  "s  
c]emony1 is done4 ,! doctor n[ receives 
8 fee1 &1 7 x  n = ! fe> ( spoil+ trade1
 be=e 8 dep>ture1 probably w\ld  advise 
! husb& n to p]mit 8 wife to h too long 
int]vals (  undefilem5t 9 future1 le/ ! 
devil %\ld aga9 take possession (  h]6  
#8,:5 speak+ ( ! ornam5tal p>ts ( !     
ladies' dress1 m5tion 0  n made ( _!    
black5+ ! eyelids ) antimony4 ,?is      
practice is  suppos$1 besides giv+      
additional brilliancy to ! eyes1 to     
pres]ve  & improve ! sight4 ,b1 z 9 t   
c\ntry !re is no antimony to  be f\nd1  
!y employ 9 its /ead a lead ore1        
unconsci\s ( !  diff]5ce2 :ile su*1 z _c
 ev5 af=d ! ore1 use caugull1 or        
lamp-black4 ,"o reason giv5 = ?is       
pr$ilection to antimony is1 t1  :5      
,m\nt-,s9ai 0 set on fire by lightn+ f  
above1 ! :ole 0  transfus$ into t       
semi-metal2 !nce _! belief t x is n to  

be f\nd 9 any o!r region ( ! e>?4 ,x w  
naturally be  suppos$1 t ?is is a s+ul> 
/ory1 ga9+ belief only among !          
ignorant2 b1 ?\gh _! m5 ( le>n+1 &      
sci5ce1 _c be  compriz$ "u t            
appellation1 yet x may once = all be    
obs]v$1  t all _! ridicul\s tales1 ( :i*
 !y h abundance1 ga9  equal cr$it among 
p ( all ranks4 ,ri* & poor1 le>n$ &     
unle>n$1 ! cazee & tip/aff1 ! pe] &     
moore$1 are  equally cr$ul\s1 & v few1  
if any1 in/ances inde$ w be f\nd1  :]e9 
!y are above ! mo/ prepo/]\s prejudices2
 /ill1 _m  f int]e/1 & "s :o *oose n to 
enc\nt] ! taunts (  ,europeans1 w1 9 _! 
pres5ce1 affect to be free f !          
prejudices ( ! vulg>4    #8,besides !   
antimony to ! eyes1 ! wom5 apply a black
 /a9 to !  tee?1 call$ missee3 x is made
 ( ! ru/ ( iron & kurra  comp\nd$4#ai ,x
 is1 9 fact1 ink-p[d]3 = ! kurra is a   
nut  equally a/r+5t ) galls4 ,! p[d] is 
rubb$ on1 or r  betwe51 ! tee?1 & leaves
 a black /a91 :i* is deem$ bo? a        
pres]vation & an ornam5t to !m4 ,! use (

 ! plant h9na1#bj  has be5 describ$ by  
travell]s 9 all ,ea/]n c\ntries4 ,!     
leaves  are p\nd$ & mix$ up into a pa/e1
 :i* is appli$ to _! nails1  palms1 &   
soles2 aft] an adh]5ce ( a few h\rs1 x  
is %ak5 (f1  & leaves a beautiful r$    
/a91 :i* la/s _m days4 ,x is suppos$  to
 h a cool+ quality4    -----            
,footnote #ai3      ,likewise a         
prep>ation ( k9o4    ,footnote #bj3     
,call$ meh5dy1 or m9dy1 9 ,moors4       
-----    #8,! danc+-wom5 are ( diff]5t  
k9ds4 ,! mo/ respectable are !  me]ase51
 sometimes call$ doom9ca2 ?\gh ! real   
doom9ca  exhibit 9 public be=e m51 :i* !
 me]ase5 nev] d4 ,! ^w  me]as means an  
inh]itance1 & me]ase5 an inh]itress1 f  
! cu/om t has obta9$ 9 families ( nev]  
*ang+ ! set4  ,inde$1 cu/om has s f>    
e/abli%$ x z a "r1 t any deviation  w\ld
 be consid]$ an inju/ice puni%able by   
law4 ,_m ( !  diff]5t trades claim      
simil> privileges1 & a b>b]             
prepucian1#ba  if ,i may use !          
expression1 = in/ance wi%+ to retire f  

bus9ess1 w\ld dispose ( 8 cu/om to any  
individual1 9 ! same  mann] z he w\ld   
any "p ( 8 private prop]ty4 ,z !        
me]aseem  are nev] accompani$ by male   
m9/rels1 !y seldom play on o!r          
in/rum5ts ?an drums ( diff]5t k9ds1 su* 
z ! tubla1#bb  dholuk1#bc & munje]a2#bd 
?\gh ! me]ase5s nev] p]=m  be=e         
assemblies ( m51 yet ! husb& & 8 sons   
may be pres5t4  ,!y are mode/ & *a/e 9  
_! mann]s1 & dress2 b1  not)/&+ ?is1 x  
sometimes happ5s1 t a fair me]ase5      
attracts ! att5tion ( ! male "p ( !     
family2 9 su* cases1  any int]c\rse !y  
may h is conduct$ ) secresy4    -----   
,footnote #ba3      ,! b>b]s 9 ,india h 
! sole privilege ( p]=m+ !    op]ation (
 circumcis+4    ,footnote #bb3      ,!  
tubla are small drums usually fa/5$ 9   
pairs r\nd ! wai/1    & mu* resemble    
kettle drums4    ,footnote #bc3      ,! 
dhol1 or dholuk1 is a l>ge sort1 c>ri$  
horizontally1 &    seems to be ! orig9al
 ( our ,turki% drum4    ,footnote #bd3  
,! munje]a is sometimes beat ) a /ick4  

-----    #8,! kun*5ee are ( an opposite 
/amp2 !y dance & s+ = !  amusem5t ( !   
male sex1 & 9 e respect are at _! comm&4
  ,!y are att5d$ by male m9/rels1 to :om
 !y are (t5 m>ri$4 ,x  is said ^! wom5  
always consid] _! fir/ lov] z _! real   
husb&1 dur+ ! re/ ( _! lives2 &1 on 8   
dea?1 ?\gh !y  %\ld be m>ri$ to ano!r1  
!y leave (f _! pursuits = a  prescrib$  
p]iod1 & m\rn agreeably to ! cu/om (    
wid[s4 ,!y d  n consid] any "p ( _!     
pr(ession z ei!r disgraceful or         
crim9al2 & are n !re=e liable to ^?     
pangs ( consci5ce  :i*1 at "s p]iod or  
o!r1 are suppos$ to oppress females (   
?is  description 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,_!    
pr(ession is emphatically t]m$  ! trade1
 & ! female a trad]2 & ,i mu/ d !m !    
ju/ice  to say1 t _m a fair trad] is to 
be f\nd among !m4 ,!re are  _m o!r k9ds 
( danc+ wom51 su* z hoork5ees1          
bazeeg>nees1  dh>ee1 c4 c4    #8,wom5 d 
n att5d public wor%ip1 ?\gh p>ticul>ly  
comm&$  !reto 9 a v]se ( ! ,koran4 ,x is
 n1 h[ev]1 uncommon = ladies  ( quality 

to h _! own muzje$1 or mosque#be1 )9 !  
h>am1 z is ! case ) ! ,begums (         
,fyzabad4 ,at ,mecca !re seems  to be no
 di/9ction kept up2 bo? sexes !re (f]+  
up _!  adoration at ! same "t & place4  
-----    ,footnote #be3      ,^! are    
small build+s answ]+ ! purpose ( our    
*ur*es1 &    _m h l>ge tracts ( l&      
atta*$ = ! ma9tan5ce ( !    prie/s4     
-----    #8,x is z incumb5t on wom51 z  
on m51 to visit ,mecca2 h[ev]1 !y       
g5]ally 7,i mean ladies ( rank7 leave   
ord]s to depute a  repres5tative to p]=m
 ! pilgrimage aft] _! dea?4 ,! l[]      
classes1 putt+ on ! dress ( faque]5s#bf1
 or religi\s  m5dicants1 frequ5tly      
und]take ! pilgrimage 9 company ) _!    
husb&s or o!r relatives1 aft] !         
accompli%m5t ( :i* !y are  t]m$         
hudjeecau4#bg ,! v>i\s c]emonies requir$
 9 pray]1  dem& a long appr5tice%ip be=e
 a pr(ici5cy c be acquir$4  ,inde$1 s   
p>ticul> are ! rules1 prescrib$ = e     
inflexion (  ! body1 t a new disciple   
has to und]go z sev]e a drill+ z  falls 

to ! lot ( a raw c\ntryman 9 8 progress 
?r\gh ! v>i\s  /ages ( milit>y          
discipl9e4 ,"o s+le false motion r5d]s !
 :ole  ineffectual1 & a re-comm5cem5t   
becomes absolutely necess>y4    -----   
,footnote #bf3      ,faque] is a male   
m5dicant1 & faque]5 a female4           
,footnote #bg3      ,! designation (    
hudjee 7commonly pron\nc$ hadjee7 is    
assum$    by all :o h visit$ ! %r9e ( ! 
prophet3 h5ce ! t]m    hudjeecau4       
-----    #8,p ( respectability seldom h 
m slave-girls ?an are  absolutely       
requisite = ! common purposes ( ! h\se2 
viz4  g5]ally two = ! cook-room1 "o :o  
has *>ge ( ! provision1  c41 "o = !     
w>drobe & to att5d ! mi/ress's toilette1
 c41  & two or ?ree o!rs = g5]al        
purposes4 ,!re are1 besides ^!1  two or 
?ree wom5 hir$1 7:o are t]m$ asseel1#bh7
 at ! rate (  two or ?ree rupees p]     
mon?1 exclusive ( food2 "o ( ^! is      
always  /ation$ z a k9d ( runn+ s5try at
 ! door ( ! z5nanah1#bi  = ! purpose (  
convey+ messages4 ,!re may be1 besides  

^!1 "o  or two ,mogulanees#cj to in/ruct
 ! re/ 9 ! arts ( sew+1 c4  ,!          
above-m5tion$ numb] are equal to all !  
purposes ( ! h\se2  :]e !re are m1      
confusion g5]ally reigns4    -----      
,footnote #bh3      ,! ^w asseel        
lit]ally means p]fect1 real1 orig9al1   
unadult]at$2 & "h implies sup]iority4   
,footnote #bi3      ,z5anah means !     
h>am1 or wom5's ap>tm5ts4    ,footnote  
#cj3      ,mogulanee is a ,mogul woman4 
,! ,moguls are "o ( ! f\r pr9cipal      
sects ( ,moham$ans4    -----    #8,9 !  
h\ses ( "s nobles1 :]e !re may be two or
 ?ree hundr$1  or ev5 m1 slave-girls    
kept = /ate1 ! possessor ( !m  g5]ally  
has 8 quiet mu* di/urb$ by _! endless   
qu>rels &  cabals4 ,inde$1 to su* l5g?s 
d !y proce$1 z (t5 to =ce !  ma/] ev5 to
 inflict dea? on "s ( ! mo/ refractory4 
,aft] 8  demise1 ! :ole disp]se1 l a    
sw>m ( bees1 _m ( !m to mis]y  &        
di/ress4 ,! h&some/ are usually select$ 
by ! heir1 = 8  own use2 :ile su* z may 
h sup]ior attractions1 ?\gh !y may  ev5 

h be5 ! favor$ mi/resses ( ! fa!r1 w n1 
on _m  occasions1 be ! less acceptable  
to ! son4    #8,x is a v extraord9>y    
fact1 & z little kn[n z x is            
extraord9>y1 t1 among all ! ,mussulmans 
:o reta9 slave-girls  only = ! purposes 
( ! h\se 7) ! exception ( ^? probably   
orig9ally f ,iran1#ca7 x is an e/abli%$ 
rule to turn !m out  :5 ! family retires
 to b$1 to seek husb&s = !mselves4 ,^!  
wom5 g5]ally atta* !mselves to "s       
p>ticul> p]sons2 &  :atev] prog5y arises
 f ?is int]c\rse1 become slaves ( c\rse4
  ,!y are taught to dance1 sew1 &       
embroid]2 & (t51 9 cases (  unlook$ =   
di/ress1 ! family is support$ by _!     
labors4 ,?us we  see1 t ! situation1 9  
g5]al1 ( _! slave-girls1 is1 ( all      
o!rs1 t :i* w\ld meet ) _! own          
approbation4 ,h[ev]1 !  case is alt]$ ) 
^? immur$ 9 ! z5anahs ( nabobs1 & m5  ( 
elevat$ rank3 !re1 !y are /rictly       
conf9$1 & preclud$ f  all possible      
communication ) m54#cb ,9 su* case1 !y  
wait  anxi\sly = ! mom5t ( escape1 or   

embrace ! only means left !m  to        
mitigate ! natural irritability aris+ f 
re/ra9t1 by =m+  a connection ) "s      
individual ( _! own sex4 ,?is k9d (     
atta*m5t1 x is said1 is (t5 c>ri$ to !  
mo/ romantic l5g?s1  &1 "o w\ld ?9k1 mu/
 be pretty common1 f ! circum/ance ( an 
appropriate t]m1 viz4 moosacqek1 be+    
adopt$ to di/+ui% t  species ( amor\s   
dalliance4    -----    ,footnote #ca3   
,a prov9ce ( ,p]sian ,t>t>y4            
,footnote #cb3      ,!re h1 h[ev]1 be5  
_m in/ances to ! contr>y4    -----      
#8,x is n all[able1 by ! ,mahom$an laws1
 to pur*ase any slaves1  except ^? tak5 
9 battle2 b1 z at pres5t t res\rce      
proves  n a pl5tiful "o to ! true       
believ]s1 !y h be5 =c$ into a  me?od (  
escap+ ! law1 by mak+ out1 :at !y t]m1 a
 pap] (  s]vice2 by :i* x appe>s1 t !   
p>5ts ( ! *ild dispos$ (1  9 consequ5ce 
( extreme di/ress1 agree to give up its 
s]vices =  sev5ty ye>s1 ! actual age ( !
 *ild be+ tak5 into ! acc\nt3  a trifl+ 
sum is fix$ on z a ye>ly /ip5d = !      

*ild's s]vices1  "p ( :i*1 viz4 ! real  
price1 is ackn[l$g$ to h be5  receiv$ 9 
advance3 ! rema9d]1 x is suppos$1 w be  
exp5d$ 9  raim5t1 food1 c4    #8,*ildr51
 ?us pur*as$1 are1 9 g5]al1 extremely   
well us$2 !re  be+ little di/9ction made
 betwe5 !m & ^? ( ! family1  except 9 ! 
trifl+ "w !y h to p]=m2 :5 !y are m>ri$1
  & h *ildr51 ! little ones always      
address ! ma/] &  mi/ress ( ! h\se ) !  
famili> appellation ( gr&fa!r &         
gr&mo!r2 &1 inde$1 are by !m always     
consid]$ 9 ! light (  relations4    #8,!
 foll[+ is a detail$ acc\nt ( _! m>riage
 c]emonies1 z  writt5 out at my reque/  
by a ,mussulman fri5d ( consid]able     
abilities & ( a mo/ lib]al disposition4 
#8,:5 a daught] rea*es ! age ( f\rte51  
"s y\?1 ( equal  condition1 makes (f]s (
 m>riage1 by s5d+ lett]s to ! p>5ts1    
solicit+ _! favorable notice1 79 ,b5gal 
! fa!r himself looks  out = a prop]     
mat*17 & begg+ !y w admit him )9 !  *a9 
( relation%ip4 ,?is lett] is =w>d$ to ! 
fa!r 9 *>ge  ( "s fri5d1 & nev] by ! h&s

 ( a common mess5g]4 ,! high]  ! rank1 &
 ! great] ! beauty1 ( ! fair "o1 ! m    
num]\s  are ! solicitors4    #8,! p>5ts1
 consult+ toge!r1 & hav+ made _!        
selection1  return a favorable answ] to 
! p]son approv$ (1 & to ! re/  su* z !  
occasion dem&s4 ,?is is foll[$ by a r+1 
& a dress1  be+ s5t to ! int5d$         
bridegroom1 :i*1 ?\gh x gives him an    
assurance ( ultimate success does n     
accel]ate ! consummation (  8 wi%es2 =  
he has /ill a ,jacobian p]iod to toil   
?r\gh 9  s]vice1 & 9 att5tions to !     
p>5ts3 nor is x be=e he has ?us  ev9c$ 8
 subjection to _! comm&s1 & 8 devotion  
to _!  int]e/s1 t _! ass5t is giv5 = !  
celebration ( !  nuptials4    #8,to give
 publicity to t ass5t1 & to 8 own       
happ9ess on !  occasion ! favor$ y\?    
gives a great ent]ta9m5t3 ! great] !    
exp5ce he incurs 9 prep>ation1 ! great] 
is suppos$ to be !  =ce ( 8 love4 ,!    
ord9>y c]emonies take up ?ree days 79   
,b5gal  tw5ty-"o74 ,on ! aft]noon ( !   
fir/ day1 ab\t sun-set1 a  cavalcade ( !

 fri5ds1 male & female1 ( ! bridegroom1 
issue  =? to pres5t a dress1 ornam5ts1 &
 fruits ( all k9ds1 to !  bride4 ,!     
bridegroom always furni%es !            
m>riage-dress1 :i* arises  f a ref9$    
delicacy on bo? sides3 on 81 t he takes 
h] =  h]self alone2 on h]'s1 or r h]    
p>5ts1 t %e may n appe>  l a loose      
woman1 :o ornam5ts h]self on go+ abroad4
    #8,! p>5ts ( ! bride s5d him1 on !  
second day1 a dress 9  return2 :i* is   
receiv$ ab\t twelve o'clock at night1   
toge!r )  ! h9na1#cc or meh5dy1 left f !
 bride's h&s1 :i* he  applies to 8 own 9
 _! pres5ce4 ,?is is "o crit]ion by :i* 
!y judge ( 8 devotion & atta*m5t2 x be+ 
consid]$1 on  common occasions1 highly  
disgraceful to use ca/-(f meh5dy4 ,on ! 
night ( ! ?ird day1 ab\t elev5 o'clock1 
! bridegroom1 be+  array$ 9 ! nuptial   
dress1 & accompani$ by all 8 p>ty1 goes 
9  procession1 ) drums1 trumpets1 c41 to
 ! bride's h\se1 mak+ m  p>ade & noise  
?an c easily be conceiv$ by su* z may n 
h  be5 spectator ( simil> exhibitions4  

-----    ,footnote #cc3      ,see note1 
page #che4    -----    #8,dur+ ?ree     
days1 ! processions are always met at ! 
c\rt ( !  h\se1 :]e bo? p>ties attack   
ea* o!r ) sl5d] bran*es (  trees1 on :i*
 fl[]s are fa/5$4 ,aft] ?is k9d ( sport 
is  f9i%$ ! p>ty visit+ is admitt$1 &   
(f]$ %]bet4 ,ea*  gue/1 z ! b[l is      
pres5t$1 ?r[s 9 money1 accord+ to 8     
circum/ances & rank1 :i* becomes !      
p]quisite ( ! cup-be>]4  ,:5 ab\t to    
dep>t1 aft] refre%m5ts be+ (f]$1 !      
visitors are  cr[n$ ) g>l&s ( fl[]s4    
#8,on ! ?ird night1 :5 ! bridegroom     
arrives to c>ry home !  bride1 he is    
annoy$ by a ?\s& tricks1 pass$ on him by
 ! s]vants  & o!r dep5dants4 ,= in/ance1
 ! d>wan1 or port]1 %uts !  door on him1
 &1 until he supplicates mu*1 & pays    
well1 !re is no  admittance = him4 ,"s  
m\nt 8 horse1 o!rs seize 8 %oes1 c4     
none ( :i* are return$ till ! p>ties    
possess+ !m receive  consid]able        
pres5ts1 & h _h ! pleasure ( rais+ a    
laugh  aga9/ ! bridegroom4    #8,aft]   

conqu]+ ^! ob/acles1 he is introduc$ to 
! company t  has assembl$1 & obta9s1 9  
honor ( ! day1 ! fir/ seat 9 !          
assembly4 ,! contract is n[ drawn up1 z 
prescrib$ by ! laws4 ,two  p]sons are   
appo9t$ z ! vaqueels1 7or attornies17 ( 
! p>ties4  ,! que/ions be+ n[ put to !  
bride1 z %e /&s conceal$ beh9d  !       
curta91 :e!r %e *ooses him z h]         
vaqueel8#cd & :e!r  %e is will+ to ent] 
into ! propos$ contract or n8 ,aft] "s  
little delay1 to give ! appe>ance (     
consultation to :at has be5  already    
arrang$1 %e gives ass5t to bo? que/ions1
 utt]+1 9 a  voice sc>cely audible1 !   
f9al1 ,i _h almo/ said fatal1 8,yes40   
7,9  ,b5gal1 sil5ce gives cons5t74 ,!   
two s]vants :o l$ ! vaqueel  to !       
curta91 c]tify ! circum/ance ( h] ass5t4
    -----    ,footnote #cd3             
,vakeel1 z x is pron\nc$1 lit]ally means
 ambassador1 deputy or    o!r locum t55s
 b "h is meant to imply protector1      
advocate1    tru/ee4    -----    #8,!   
vaqueels & relations1 on bo? sides1 n[  

proce$ to fix on !  mahir1 7or portion27
 ! adju/m5t ( :i* sometimes occasions   
mu*  alt]cation & delay2 nay1 x has ev5 
be5 ! cause ( mu*  blood%$1 & ( total   
susp5sion ( ! c]emonies2 b1 9 g5]al1  an
 umpire is fix$ on to det]m9e on a m$ium
 sum1 :i* is ins]t$ 9  ! cabala1 or     
m>riage contract1 betwe5 ! extravagant  
dem&s on  ! bridegroom1 & 8 unwill+ness 
to comply !re)4    #8,! bridegroom is !n
 conduct$ by ! female att5dants into !  
pres5ce ( ! bride1 :o sits veil$1 on a  
place rais$ on purpose1 9  h] own       
ap>tm5t4 ,! me]ase5s lead him up1 & seat
 him ne> h]4  ,! females ( ! family1 :o 
/& beh9d a curta91 s5d him a  pres5t (  
gold mohurs1 rupees1 c4 ,! ,koran is n[ 
plac$ betwe5 !  c\ple1 & a look+-glass  
is plac$ imm$iately opposite ! bride1   
:o1 on mode/ly refus+ to unveil1 is =c$ 
!reto by ! att5dant  me]ase5s1 s t "o   
ray1 z my au?or expresses x1 f h] f9e   
c\nt5ance1 may illum9e ! mirror1 t[>ds  
:i* all ! bridegroom's  att5tion is     
fix$3 h[ev]1 ?is ray1 transi5t z x is1  

_c be  obta9$ )\t consid]able pres5ts to
 ! me]ase5s4    #8,?is "p ( ! c]emony   
be+ conclud$1 p]mission is giv5 to !    
bridegroom to convey ! bride home3 h]   
p>5ts s5d ) h] great  quantities (      
cloa?s1 jewels1 b$d+1 cook+ ut5sils1 c42
 &1 9  %ort1 e ?+ %e c possibly want =  
ye>s2 nay1 frequ5tly1 z  long z %e      
lives4 ,! bridegroom & 8 female         
relations lift up !  bride 9 _! arms1 & 
convey h] to ! palanqu94 ,on _! arrival 
at 8 h\se1 ! be>]s1 or c>ri]s ( !       
palanqu91 refuse to set  d[n _! bur!n   
until brib$ to d s4 ,! bridegroom takes 
h] out  ( x1 & conveys h]1 9 8 arms1    
into an ap>tm5t ( ! h\se1  :]e1 h] feet 
be+ ba!d ) rose-wat]1 ! bridegroom      
repeats a  ?anksgiv+ pray]1 9 gratitude 
= h] safe arrival1 & = 8 own  deliv]ance
 f ?is sc5e ( h>assm5t1 & tr\ble1 :i* 8 
fri5ds & s]vants =ce him to submit to1 f
 ! "t he quits 8  own h\se until he     
returns to x ) 8 bride3 su*1 inde$1 are 
!  effects ( 8 suff]+s1 t (t5 ! unhappy 
g5tleman _c hold  up 8 head = "s days to

 come4    #8,on ! foll[+ morn+1 ! cloa?s
 9 :i* ! bride slept are s5t  to h]     
p>5ts2 a /range1 indelicate cu/om1 &    
highly indicative ( a  total want (     
ref9em5t among ! p :o practise x4 ,9 !  
prov9ce ( ,b5gal1 ?is is n done2 nay1 s 
p>ticul> are !y 9  avoid+ ! appe>ance ( 
any ?+ ( ?is k9d1 t ! bridal b$1  ) all 
its appurt5ances1 is ( a deep r$4 ,?is  
day1 be+ ! f\r?  f ! comm5cem5t ( !     
c]emonies1 ! bride & bridegroom return  
to h] p>5ts' h\se1 :]e he has admission 
into ! assembly ( !  wom52 & on ?is day 
! bride appe>s 9 g>m5ts furni%$ by him4 
7,?is visit1 9 ,b5gal1 is n made till ! 
fif? day aft]  consummation74 ,9 ?is    
assembly1 ! bridegroom suff]s by a g5]al
  assault ( ! ladies1 :o unm]cifully    
pelt him ) fruit1 fl[]s1  c4    #8,on e 
,friday1 = sev]al weeks1 ! bride pays a 
simil> visit to  h] p>5ts2 receiv+1 at  
ea* visit1 a new dress4 ,on ^!          
occasions1  %e nev] returns home until !
 husb&'s relations wait on h]1 &        
entreat h] to d s4 ,= a mon?1 at lea/1  

aft] ! m>riage1 %e  w\ld be consid]$ z  
defici5t 9 mode/y 7 %e to address h]    
husb& ) h] face uncov]$3 & a consid]able
 "t elapses be=e  %e appe>s unveil$ to  
h] o!r relations4 ,%e nev] speaks ( h]  
husb&1 9 ! pres5ce ( m51 until %e       
becomes a "m4 ,x is a  curi\s           
circum/ance1 t h] own relations1 ev]    
aft] ! m>riage1  avoid visit+ at h]     
husb&'s h\se1 "u ! fa/idi\s appreh5sion 
( be+ suspect$ ( hav+ be/[$ ! lady f    
motives ( int]e/4    #8,%\ld !          
dispositions ( ! pair n accord1 & !     
fault appe> on  ! side ( ! lady1 h] own 
relations ?reat5 h] ) _!  displeasure4  
,%\ld ?is prove ineffectual1 ! husb&    
refra9s f  h] society1 ?\gh /ill leav+ !
 managem5t ( ! z5anah 9 h]  h&s2 b if1  
on ! contr>y1 x appe>s t _! unhapp9ess  
proce$s f ! husb&1 h] relations procure 
a common fri5d to  expo/ulate ) him on !
 impropriety ( 8 conduct4 ,%\ld x1      
h[ev]1 aft] ?is1 cont9ue unalt]$1 ! wife
 returns to h]  p>5ts1 :o reta9 h] until
 ! husb& has n only made base           

submission1 b has ev9c$ ! /ronge/       
contrition4 ,9 cases :]e !  wife        
displays any levity ( conduct1 h] p>5ts 
are m ready ?an !  husb& to puni% h]4   
#8,f ! bir? ( a *ild1 until !y give x ! 
brea/1 x is f$  ) boil$ cassia4 ,on ?is 
occasion1 mo/ ( ! female relations      
att5d1 accompani$ by a midwife4#ce ,?is 
description ( p are  f ! l[e/ ca/s4 ,on 
! six? day f ! deliv]y1 an  ent]ta9m5t  
is giv5 9 ! z5anah2 :5 ! *ild's head is 
%av$1 & its nails cut2 :ile money is    
di/ribut$ to ! poor4 ,x  may be prop] to
 obs]ve1 t ! b>b] w n comm5ce 8         
op]ations be=e he has receiv$ h&some    
pres5ts3 s5sible t he  runs no risk 9   
refus+1 z !y c\ld n1 ev5 if s incl9$1   
prevail on o!rs ( ! tribe to            
(ficiate4--,! b>b]1 l sev]al  o!r trades
 9 ,h9do/an1 possesses a prescriptive "r
 )  p>ticul> families1 ^: cu/om he      
consid]s to be an inh]itance1  :i* _c1  
)\t inju/ice1 be tak5 f him4    -----   
,footnote #ce3      ,! ,*um>s1 or       
%oemak]s1 are "o ( ! l[e/1 & mo/ degrad$

    sects4 ,_! wives are t]m$ *umynes1 &
 are suppos$ to inh]it    a p]fect k (  
midwif]y1 9 :i* no o!r woman is employ$4
    -----    #8,on ! =tie? day1 a gr&   
ent]ta9m5t is giv51 e "o1  accord+ to _!
 respective rank & consangu9ity1 mak+   
pres5ts to  ! infant4 ,9 g5]al1 ! *ildr5
 are suckl$ by hir$ nurses1 b  !y nev]  
are s5t out f ! p>5ts' h\se4 ,9 ! *oice 
( a  nurse !y are extremely p>ticul>1 z 
%e becomes h5ce=w>d  consid]$ 9 ! light 
( relative ( ! family2#cf %e ( c\rse is 
nev] dis*>g$1 unless at h] own reque/4  
,! protection ( h]1 &  ( h] family1 is (
 ! greate/ consid]ation2 & :5 ! *ild    
gr[s up1 & has x 9 its p[]1 he w\ld be  
deem$ an unnatural  be+1 did he neglect 
to p5sion 8 nurse com=tably4 ,ev5 ! v   
slave-girls :o assi/$ h] are always     
treat$ by him ) ! utmo/  reg>d &        
att5tion4    -----    ,footnote #cf3    
,! *ild always calls ?is fo/]-bro!r by !
 "n (    #8dood-baiee'1 i4e4 milk-bro!r4
    -----    #8,ab\t ! f\r? mon? !y all[
 ( light food be+ giv5 to !  *ild2 on   

:i* occasion a great ent]ta9m5t is made1
 & repeat$  :5 a twelvemon? old2 :5 !   
/r+ :i* is to m>k 8 future  ye>s1       
receives ! fir/ knot4 ,?is cu/om seems  
to po9t out !  orig9 ( our metaphorical 
?read ( life4 ,!y nev] wean ! *ild  be=e
 eighte5 mon?s sometimes delay+ x till  
two ye>s & a half2  on :i* occasion1    
great pres5ts1 & new dresses1 are be/[$ 
on !  nurse1 & an ent]ta9m5t is giv5 to 
! fri5ds4    #8,be=e ! *ild is put "u ! 
direction ( a s*oolma/]1 !  c]emony (   
circumcision takes place1 :i* is        
celebrat$ ) mu*  rejoic+ & ent]ta9m5t4  
,"o s*oolma/] g5]ally tea*es !  *ildr5 (
 two or ?ree neighb\r+ families1 b !    
s*ool is always  at ! h\se ( "o ( !     
p>5ts4 ,aft] be+ p]fect$ 9 !  alphabet1 
! *ildr5 are taught to read1 b n to     
und]/&1 p>ts  ( ! ,koran4 ,!n1 9        
succession1 come ! ,goole/an1 ,bo/an1   
,secund>-,nameh1 & "s ( ! ,p]sian       
au?ors2 9 :i* language1 :5  ! pupil is  
tol]ably well v]s$1 he is l$ on to !    
/udy ( !  ,arabic4    #8,all are oblig$ 

to be at s*ool a consid]able "t be=e    
sun-rise1  t !y may be pres5t at pray]s1
 :i* are ord]$ to be said  previ\s to t 
p]iod3 f sun-ris+ to t5 o'clock !y      
cont9ue at  _! book2 !nce1 till d9n]-"t1
 at writ+4 ,aft] d9n]1 a %ort  respite  
is giv52 :5 pray]s are aga9 said1 &     
read+ re-comm5c$3  ?is is cont9u$ till  
an h\r be=e sun-set2 :5 !y are p]mitt$  
to sep>ate till summon$ = ! ev5+-pray]s2
 aft] :i*1 !y  repeat ! day's lesson1 & 
receive _! f9al dismission4 ,we may     
reasonably conclude1 t su* sev]ity (    
re/ra9t mu/ be de/ructive  bo? to m9d & 
body4    #8,:5 arriv$ at ! age ( sixte51
 or sev5te51 ! p>5ts 9  g5]al provide _!
 son ) a wife2 aft] :i*1 %\ld he cont9ue
  to reside ) !m1 8 cloa?s1 c4 are      
provid$ = him1 z if he  7 /ill 9 a /ate 
( pupilage3 x is only aft] m>riage t he 
beg9s to le>n ! bus9ess ( 8 fa!r1 & !   
rules ( conduct  necess>y 9 ! _w2 nay1 x
 is (t5 ye>s be=e he obta9s  p]mission1 
or ! prop] means1 to sep>ate himself & 8
 wife f  _! sup]9t5dance4 ,%\ld ! fa!r  

die be=e ?is sep>ation  takes place1    
?\gh ! son %\ld succe$ to 8 prop]ty1 yet
 ! wife  c\ld h no int]f]5ce 9 h\sehold 
affairs dur+ ! life ( 8  "m2 & n till   
!n1 c\ld he effect any *ange 9 ! int]ior
  arrangem5ts4    #8,! g5]al me?od (    
pass+ _! "t is z foll[s4 ,!y arise a    
little be=e day-light4 ,on com+ out ( ! 
z5anah1 x may be  suppos$ necess>y to   
visit ! ba?4 ,!n ! morn+-pray]s are     
repeat$3 a slight breakfa/ succe$s1     
consi/+ ( fri$ almonds1  c(fee1 c43 aft]
 ?is1 att5dance at ! ,durb>1#cg & o!r   
bus9ess ( ! day4 ,return+ home ab\t t5  
o'clock1 all ! male "p  ( ! family      
assemble to p>take ( a m sub/antial     
breakfa/ ?an  ! =m]4 ,?is consi/s (     
bread1 m9t1 onions1 peas1 limes1 kubabs1
  kullia1 & pillaw1#ch c4 ,aft] pass+ a 
%ort :ile 9  conv]sation1 a nap g5]ally 
concludes ! sc5e2 aris+ f :i*1  ablution
 & pray]s are p]=m$4 ,!y !n assemble 9 !
 hall2  c(fee c4 are s]v$ up2 & "h !y   
cont9ue to enjoy society1  receiv+ !    
visits ( _! fri5ds1 c41 till ! approa* (

 !  ev5+2 :5 ! company sep>ate4    -----
    ,footnote #cg3      ,durb>1 prop]ly 
means ,c\rt1 or ,resid5cy4    ,footnote 
#ch3      ,diff]5t modes ( dress+ meat1 
c4    -----    #8,aft] pray]s1 if ! ma/]
 be a "y man1 he g5]ally retires to  !  
z5anah1 :]e1 9 company ) 8 wife1 & "s ( 
8 female  relations1 he enjoys 8 hookah1
 & "s trifl+ refre%m5t (  sweetmeat1 c4 
till ab\t t5 or elev5 o'clock1 :5 ! re/ 
( !  females retire to _! own ap>tm5ts4 
,! husb& & wife always  sleep on sep>ate
 b$-/eads1 plac$ adjo9+ to ea* o!r4 ,f  
motives ( ref9em5t & delicacy1 ! wife1  
)\t an adequate  motive1 ab/a9s mo/     
rigidly f sleep+ on ! b$ appropriat$ =  
! husb&4    #8,=m]ly1 a good deal (     
sociability reign$ among !m1 & !y       
frequ5tly d9$ at ea* o!r's h\ses2 b at  
pres5t1 ! practice is  9 disuse2 ow+ to 
frequ5t acts ( trea*]y hav+ be5 committ$
 at  su* meet+s3 h[ev]1 sometimes1 on   
sacr$ days1 !y /ill meet2 b1  if ( !    
high] ord]s1 nev] )\t mu* caution &     
suspicion4    #8,:5 an assembly is      

conv5$ to communicate an ev5t ( grief1 !
  invit$ always s5ds ! provisions to !  
habitation ( ! invit]2  :o is suppos$ to
 be too mu* afflict$ to att5d to su*    
circum/ances4    #8,! h\r ( audi5ce at !
 ,durb>1 is g5]ally soon aft]  sun-ris+2
 :5 all ^? 9 ! employm5t ( ! great      
p]sonage1  att5d to make _! obeisance4  
,a few are admitt$ to ! pres5ce2 !  re/ 
wait ! great man's com+ out3 b1 %\ld he 
n1 !y mu/  retire )\t enjoy+ ! sun-%9e (
 8 c\nt5ance4 ,! modes (  salutation1 & 
! diff]5t etiquettes1 h be5 s frequ5tly 
detail$1 t "h x becomes unnecess>y4     
,inde$1 x is n _!  public1 b _! private1
 mann]s t we are 9 se>* (4 ,:5 !  levee1
 or ,durb>1 is ov]1 ! great man div]ts  
himself ) 8  companions1 & intimate     
fri5ds1 till d9n]-"t4 ,_! amusem5t      
consi/s1 dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! day1 (      
desultory conv]sation1  ! repetition (  
poems1 c41 &1 t[>ds ! end1 ! le>n$ m51  
poets1 c41 are introduc$ to rehe>se _!  
works4 ,%\ld ! ev5+  n be devot$ to !   
z5anah1 buffoons1 danc+-girls1 c41 are  

summon$ to close ! ent]ta9m5t4    #8,on 
joyful occasions1 :5 an ent]ta9m5t is   
giv51 ! males assemble  9 ! out]        
ap>tm5ts1 & ! females 9 ! z5anah2 ! ma/]
 (  ! fea/ ex]t+ himself to ! utmo/ 9   
provid+ = 8 gue/s3  inde$1 ! exp5ces    
incurr$ on su* occasions are excessive  
to a  fault2 ev5 to ! utt] ru9 (t5 ( !  
=tunes ( su* z give  !m4 ,fir/1         
pawns1#ci ottah ( roses1 fl[]s ( v>i\s  
k9ds1  toge!r ) fri$ c(fee1 soop>ee1#dj 
c>damoms1 g+] mix$  ) acids1 are (f]$ to
 ! gue/s1 & su* z may be unprovid$  )   
hookahs are suppli$ ) !m4 ,aft] ?is1    
sug> & wat]1  boil$ up toge!r1 =m+ a k9d
 ( %]bet1 is pres5t$4 ,n[ !  taiffa1 or 
danc+ wom51 buffoons1 com$ians1 c4      
exhibit = !  amusem5t ( ! company4 ,aft]
 ! repa/1 v>i\s k9ds ( musicians  are   
introduc$1 fire-works exhibit$1 drums1  
noise1 & confusion1  cont9u+ n          
unfrequ5tly = ?ree days successively4   
-----    ,footnote #ci3      ,! beetle  
leaf fill$ ) spices1 c41 univ]sally *ew$
 by all    classes ( ! natives4         

,footnote #dj3      ,! beetle nut4      
-----    #8,_! burials are p]=m$ 9 !    
foll[+ mann]4 ,on ! dea? ( a  p]son1 all
 ! fri5ds att5d1 ! corpse be+ put into a
 w9d+  %eet call$ cuff94#da ,?is be+    
cov]$ ) a gre5 canopy1 !  corpse is     
borne on ! %\ld] to ! grave1 9 :i* x is 
laid1 &  ! du/ ?r[n1 )\t any fun]al     
s]vices be+ read1 z is usual  among u4  
,sweet cakes & bread be+ di/ribut$ to ! 
poor1 ! :ole  return to ! h\se ( !      
deceas$1 :]e !y p>take ( "s  refre%m5t4 
,aft] ?is1 = ?ree days1 no victuals are 
dress$ 9 !  h\se4 ,on ! ?ird day1 ! :ole
 aga9 assemble1 (f] up pray]s =  ! manes
 ( ! deceas$2 & a great quantity (      
victuals be+  ready1 pres5ts ( x are s5t
 r\nd to su* z att5d$ ! fun]al1  :o give
 x to ! poor4 ,!y meet aga9 on ! t5? &  
=tie? days1  :5 ! app>el ( ! deceas$ is 
giv5 away4 ,on ! six? & twelf?  mon?s   
also1 ! la/ be+ t]m$ ! bursee1#db or    
annual  commemoration2 :i* is /rictly   
obs]v$ by ! *ildr5 ( !  deceas$ dur+ !  
rema9d] ( _! lives4    -----            

,footnote #da3      ,may n ?is be !     
orig9 ( our c(f9s8    ,footnote #db3    
,f burress1 i4e4 a ye>4    -----    #8,x
 %\ld "h be notic$1 t gre5 is ! color   
devot$ exclusively  to ! m\rn+ ( a      
,mussulman2 ?us1 9 ! great fe/ival ( :at
 is  commonly call$ #8,,hosse91         
,,hossan1' all ! fictiti\s mess5g]s1    
combatants1 c4 are clo!d 9 gre54 ,h5ce1 
we nev] see a ,mussulman  habit$ 9 t    
color1 nor ev5 we>+ a gre5 turban1      
unless on "s  fun]eal occasion2 f ?is1  
h[ev]1 we are to except su* m5ials1 9  !
 s]vices ( ,european g5tlem51 z         
occasionally receive f _!  ma/]s pieces 
( gre5 p]pet1 %alloon1 c4 = ! purpose ( 
be+  made into jammas1 or ve/s4 ,! :ole 
( ! ,mahometan population seem  to avoid
 ! use ( gre51 ev5 9 ! ornam5ts ( _!    
c>riages1  elephants' trapp+s1 purdahs1 
t5ts1 c4 consid]+ x to be1 9 a  c]ta9   
measure1 sacr$ to ! ,prophet4 ,9 ?is !y 
are fa/idi\sly  scrupul\s on "s         
occasions2 ,i h kn[n a ,mussulman syce1 
or groom1  object to ! h&le ( a *[ry1   

7or :isk1 = keep+ flies f  horses17     
m]ely because "s ( ! ornam5ts 7 ( t     
color4 ,on "o  occasion1 a refractory   
zem9d> reproa*$ me ) insult+ n only     
himself1 7he be+ a ,sey$1 a sup]ior sect
 ( ,mahom$ans17 b !  :ole ( !           
population1 by pit*+ a t5t1 l9$ ) gre5  
p]pet1  )9 sight ( a nimauz1 :]e ! pi\s 
,mussulmans ( !  neighb\rhood us$ daily 
to (f] up _! pray]s to ! ,prophet4 ,:5  
! same h]o p]ceiv$ t ! furniture on a   
little elephant ,i us$  to ride ) a     
saddle1 0 also ( t color1 he affect$ to 
be  p]fectly outrage\s2 &1 9 all        
probability1 if ,i _h n at t "t  _h     
possession bo? ( 8 p]son & ( 8 means (  
resi/ance1 "u  *>ge ( a company (       
,sepoys1 w\ld h us$ 8 endeavors to r\se 
all ! fanatics1 ( ! neighb\rhood on !   
occasion4    #8,commonly1 a *]auk1 or   
lamp1 is kept burn+ 9 a little ni*e1    
made  9 ! pill> ( masonry usually erect$
 at ! head ( a ,mussulman's  grave4 ,=  
=ty nights aft] ! int]m5t1 & on         
,?ursdays  especially1 ! ne>e/ ( k9     

frequ5tly pass _m h\rs 9 vigils ov]  !  
grave4 ,"s confide ?is unpleasant duty  
to a prie/2 :o1 = a few  annas1 p]=ms   
v>i\s c]emonies & does all 9 8 p[] to   
keep !  deceas$ f tr\bl+ 8 surviv+      
relatives & fri5ds2 mo/ (  :om1 at su*  
times1 are p>tak+ ( sweetmeats1 :i*1 be+
 prep>$  on ,?ursdays1 7joomah-raut17   
are call$ joomah-raut ke metie2 t  is to
 say1 #8,?ursday's confection>y4'    ,_m
 ( ! native ladies1 z well z ! m51 b    
especially !  ,mahom$ans1 are v dext]\s 
9 fly+ kites1 call$ by !m  puttungs4 ,! 
con/ruction ( ^! v>ies greatly f su* z  
our  boys use 9 _! pa/imes2 !y are made 
m 9 imitation ( a bird  ) its w+s       
di/5d$1 ?\gh ! extremities are %ort &   
r\nd$  (f4    ,9 ord] to pres]ve t      
figure1 !y are bord]$ ) bamboo-wire1 on 
:i* pap]1 ( ! lighte/ k9d1 b v t\gh1 is 
pa/$4 ,! loop  fa/5s to a v slight      
bamboo-rod pass+ d[n ! c5tre4 ,^! kites 
h n tails1 l ours1 b are1 nev]!less1    
easily manag$ by  p]sons accu/om$ f _!  
infancy to rais+ !m2 :i* !y c d  to an  

incr$ible height4    ,! l9es us$ = ?is  
purpose are *iefly ( cotton1 well twi/$1
  ?9 & /rong3 ab\t =ty or fifty y>ds ( !
 upp] end1 ne>e/ to  ! puttung1 ! cord  
is rubb$ ) a f9e size1 9 :i* levigat$   
glass is mix$2 ?is1 :5 dry1 gives x     
some?+ ! appe>ance (  v f9e s& pap]1 su*
 z is us$ = clean+ grates1 c4           
,sometimes1 9 ! great cities1 ?\s&s ( ^!
 kites are to be se5  float+ 9 ! air1 to
 ! great amusem5t ( _! respective own]s2
  &1 inde$1 ( ! spectators2 :o (t5 take 
consid]able int]e/ 9  ! num]\s conte/s  
:i* are p]petually pres5t$1 by !        
int5tional cross+ ( ! sev]al cords2 :i*1
 be+ arm$1 z above  describ$1 are       
calculat$ #8to cut ! ?read ( life1' &   
precipitate  _! sev]al oppon5ts4    ,no 
soon] is ! cross+ ( an adv]se cord felt1
 z may readily be  asc]ta9$ by !        
vibrations ( t 9 h&1 ?an a saw+ motion  
is  giv5 to ea* by ! respective         
op]ators1 :51 9 a v little "t1  commonly
 less ?an a m9ute1 "o ( ! kites is se5  
to give way4 ,on  ?is sometimes         

consid]able wag]s are p5d+4    ,! great 
art appe>s to be1 to pass ov] !         
adv]s>y's cord1 & !n  to let ! kite l[] 
sudd5ly1 s z to make1 mom5t>ily1 an     
angle 9  ! cord ?us pass$ ov]2 an       
in/antane\s pull sometimes succe$s 9    
sev]+ ! oppon5t's cord2 x act+ l a draw+
 cut1 &  pres5t+ a succession ( po9ts1  
p]haps to ! l5g? ( ?ree or  f\r y>ds1   
:ile ! "u l9e1 unless manag$ ) simil>   
activity1  pres5ts b "o po9t1 & ?us is  
subject to friction on t po9t  only2    
consequ5tly mu/ be consid]ably injur$4  
,! greate/ judgm5t is1 h[ev]1 necess>y1 
to det]m9e :e!r1 or  n1 ! op]ator       
pres5ts an arm$ portion ( 8 cord to an  
un>m$  "p ( t ( 8 oppon5t4 ,%\ld ! =m]  
be correct 9 ?is  in/ance1 he may       
g5]ally comm& success2 b1 if ! rev]se be
 !  case1 he may lose ! day4 ,an        
unpractis$ eye w\ld be at a loss 9      
comput+ ! prop] di/ance1 :5 ! l5g? ( l9e
 let out may  p]haps exce$ ?ree or f\r  
hundr$ y>ds2 b ! natives 9 g5]al  =m a  
correct e/imate1 & display great        

dext]ity 9 avoid+ to  cross any cord "u 
unfavorable circum/ances4    ,?is       
amusem5t g5]ally takes place dur+ ! cool
 ( ! ev5+1 on  ! flat tops ( h\ses4 ,!  
inhabitants ( ! z5anah1 7or h>am17      
enjoy x ei!r f _! comp\nds1 7or enclos$ 
areas17 or on !  ro(s ( _! *amb]s1 on   
t>rasses s built up1 ) ?9 brick  walls1 
z to prev5t _! be+ ov]-look$ by         
neighb\rs4    ,?is trait ( jeal\sy is e 
:]e app>5t3 no?+ c\ld (f5d a  native m  
?an ! erection ( an edifice1 t %\ld af=d
 a  comm& ov] ! int]ior ( t enclosure 9 
:i* 8 family resid$4  ,an in/ance ( ?is 
0 att5d$ ) consid]able tr\ble &         
disadvantage4 ,! late ,colonel ,watson1 
:o 0 ,*ief ,eng9e] "u !  presid5cy (    
,=t-,william1 _h obta9$ ! grant ( a l>ge
 piece (  l&1 = ! purpose ( =m+ a       
spaci\s dock = build+ &  repair+ %ips4  
,x happ5$1 t1 9 enclos+ ! allott$ space1
 he ov]look$ !  unt[>d circum/ance ( a  
claim on ! "p ( a v opul5t native1  :o  
resid$ close by1 to a "p ( !            
circumscrib$ area1 :i* 0 !  s9e qu non (

 ! und]tak+4 ,! native said no?+2 &1 9  
all  probability1 w\ld h giv5 up 8 l&1  
or at lea/ h sold x on  equitable t]ms1 
r ?an h ?w>t$ ! ,colonel's views2 b1    
un=tunately1 ! latt] erect$ a l>ge      
w9d-mill1 s ne> to !  native's h\se1 z  
to annihilate all t privacy 8 family _h 
=m]ly enjoy$4    ,! native remon/rat$1 b
 to no effect3 ! grant 0 urg$ aga9/     
him2 &1 9 lieu ( soo?+ measures1        
defiance 0 proclaim$4 ,!  consequ5ce 01 
t ! matt] w5t into c\rt1 :51 ! plantiff 
ga9+ 8 cause1 ! w9d-mill 0 /opp$ 9 its  
c>e]1 &1 )  ! exception ( a slip1 on :i*
 "s vessels h s9ce be5 built1  !        
important1 & imm5se1 fabric1 has be5    
suff]$ to fall into  decay6    ,no woman
 c be m jeal\s ?an ^? ( ,h9do/an3 _!    
animosity  t[>ds rivals is unp>allel$2 &
 ?is1 ev5 :5 !y d n c>e a  f>?+ = ! bone
 ( cont5tion4 ,yet1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 m   
?an two ladies are reta9$ by ! same     
g5tleman1 ! :ole g5]ally  become        
p]fectly passive1 at lea/ 9 ext]ior1    
appe>+ to associate  ) tol]able         

cordiality4 ,! m5tion ( plurality1 may  
possibly  />tle _m ( my read]s2         
especially ^? ( ! fair sex2 b su*  is   
common among natives ( opul5ce1 & is n  
unprec$5t$ among  ,europeans4 ,i h kn[n 
v>i\s in/ances ( two ladies be+         
conjo9tly  dome/icat$2 & "o1 ( an eld]ly
 milit>y "*1 :o solac$  himself ) no    
less ?an ,,sixte51 ( all sorts & sizes6 
,be+  int]rogat$ by a fri5d z to :at he 
did ) su* a numb]1 #8,oh6'  repli$ he1  
#8,i give !m a little rice1 & let !m run
 ab\t6'    ,?is same g5tleman1 :5 pay+ 8
 addresses to an elegant "y woman       
lately arriv$ f ,europe1 b :o 0 in=m$ by
 ! lady at ^:  h\se %e 0 resid+1 ( !    
/ate ( affairs3 ! description clos$  )1 
#8,pray1 my de>1 h[ %\ld y l to %>e a   
sixte5? (  ,major ------8' ,! c\rt%ip 0 
all[$ to proce$1 m]ely to make sport  ( 
! good man's foible3 a t]m peculi>ly    
appropriate6    ,n9e 9 t5 ( ! wom5      
domiciliat$ by g5tlem51 are ,mussulmans2
 !  ,h9dus be+ f> m scrupul\s3 ) few    
exceptions1 ! small portion  n ( ! =m]  

sect are ,portugueze4 ,^! latt] prove1 9
 _m  in/ances1 v good h\se-keep]s2 look+
 aft] ! disbursem5ts )  great acut5ess1 
&1 on a ?\s& occasions1 %ew+ m          
promptness1  & m fitness = su* an       
employm5t4 ,!y are rem>kably fond (     
re>+ p\ltry & sw9e2 9 :i* !y c]ta9ly    
succe$4 ,b !re is  a c]ta9 some?+ ab\t  
?is description ( wom51 :i* few are     
p>tial to1 & :i* ,i nev] c\ld tol]ate4  
,i h already spok5 (  ! pride ( ^!      
mis]able desc5dants ( r5[n$ *>act]s2 b x
  really is beyond my p[] to describe t 
fi]t1 t v9dictive  _s1 t au?oritative   
consequ5ce1 :i* excite at lea/ contempt1
  if n hatr$1 9 e p]son t[>ds :om !y are
 ex]cis$4 ,^!  viragoes h no scruples z 
to :at !y are to eat & dr9k2 _m (  !m1  
inde$1 c manage a bottle z well z any   
man 9 ! k+dom3  !y are1 h[ev]1 /aun*    
,ca?olics1 &1 on cal5d> days1 dress out 
9 all ! f9]y _! k9d keep]s c be coax$   
out (4 ,x is n to  be suppos$ ^! ladies 
are m cont95t ?an ,mussulmans1 or ,h9dus
  ( simil> condition3 f> o!rwise2 b !y  

are extremely crafty1 &  c>efully lay ! 
sc5e ( action at "s place to :i* !y     
resort to  (f] up _! pray]s1 9 common ) 
o!r equally good ,*ri/ians3 by  ?is     
means1 !y are tol]ably secure f ! pry+  
curiosity (  ord9>y m5ials1 :o are n    
p]mitt$ to ent] )9 ! sacr$ pale6    ,9  
reg>d to ! exp5ces att5dant ^u          
concub9age 9 ! ,ea/1 !y  w dep5d greatly
 on ! circum/ances1 & ! disposition1 ( !
  g5tleman1 g5]ally speak+2 ?\gh1 aft] a
 :ile1 ! lady commonly  ga9s a k9d (    
asc5dancy1 & goes beyond ^? limits1 :i*1
 9  almo/ e case1 are m>k$ out by       
previ\s contract4 ,a c]ta9 sum to  be   
paid mon?ly2 ! pay ( two1 or ?ree1      
female att5dants2 an  all[ance = beetle1
 tobacco1 7x is v r>ely !y *ew x17      
%oes1 cloa?s1 & gynahs1 7i4e4 gold &    
silv] ornam5ts27 are  articles 9 almo/ e
 capitulation6 ,tak+ a broad outl9e1 we 
may  put d[n ! :ole at ab\t =ty rupees  
mon?ly2 equal to sixty p\nds  /]l+ p]   
annum2 :i* mu/ c]ta9ly be consid]$ no   
great price  = a bosom fri5d1 :5 comp>$ 

) ! sums laid out ^u "s  ,briti%        
damsels2 :o are n always m scrupul\s ?an
 ^? ,i h  describ$4 ,b1 :5 we e/imate ! 
,asiatic *]e amie accord+ to  h] m]its z
 a companion1 !n1 inde$1 w my fair      
c\ntry-wom51  appe> mo/ conspicu\sly    
pre-em95t6 ,_! agreeable mann]s1 _!     
poli%$ language1 _! highly cultivat$    
m9ds1 & _! pleas+  att5tions1 are s     
irresi/ible1 z to level ! b>ri]s (      
discretion1  & to r5d] e attempt at     
comp>ison nugatory2 inde$1              
incompatible6    ,9 tak+ ! above av]age1
 viz4 =ty rupees p] mon?1 ,i h  suppos$ 
! g5tleman to be 9 easy circum/ances2   
o!rwise1 t sum  w be f\nd to exce$ !    
proportion ( 8 o!r exp5ces  consid]ably3
 at ! l[e/1 we _c e/imate ! *>ges at    
less ?an  tw5ty-five rupees mon?ly2 :i*1
 to say ! tru?1 mu/ be att5d$  ) sev]al 
defici5cies1 or privations1 by no means 
cr$itable4 ,9  ?is p>ticul>1 ! natives  
are v scrupul\s1 & hold x !  highe/     
disgrace1 = a woman to be reta9$1 )\t   
due att5dance1  suitable cloa?+1 & a    

p>ticipation ( ! com=ts1 if n ( !       
luxuries1 ( life4 ,! m51 especially !   
,h9dus1 are indiff]5t 9  reg>d to _! own
 app>el2 :i* is (t5 mean to an extreme2 
b  pride !mselves on ! spl5dor1 &       
pr(usion1 to be f\nd 9 _!  z5anahs4 ,z  
an in/ance 9 po9t1 ,i mu/ /ate1 t1 9 !  
ye>  #aghd1 a deta*m5t ( six companies 0
 s5t out f ,cawnpore1 on !  road to     
,etayah1 9 complim5t to ! ,b'h[-,buxey1 
a ,g5]al ( "s  note 9 ! ,mah>rattah     
army1 :o 0 proce$+ on an embassy to     
,luckn[4 ,we met him ab\t tw5ty miles to
 ! ,we/w>d ( !  cantonm5ts2 :]e we 7    
ne>ly smo!r$ by ! du/ rais$ by 8  imm5se
 ret9ue1 & absolutely /unn$ by !        
unm]ciful clangor (  crack$ trumpets1 & 
( great bells susp5d$ f ! sides (       
elephants1 ^: motion caus$ ! p5dul\s    
monotoni/s to r+ #8a  sonor\s peal'4 ,x 
0 natural to expect t ! ,b'h[1 :o knew  
we  7 wait+ to receive him1 &1 t an     
(fic] ( rank 0 deput$ on  ! occasion1   
w\ld h exhibit$ himself to advantage2 b1
 to our  great surprize1 :5 he alight$ f

 8 elephant1 :i* 0  sumptu\sly          
cap>ison$1 he appe>$ ! v]ie/ bunyah1 7or
 petty  %op-keep]17 my eyes _h ev]      
beheld6 ,8 cloa?s 7 absolutely  fil?y1 &
 ( a fabric su* z disgrac$ ! we>]4 ,none
 ( our  kh$mutg>s c\ld h *ang$ app>el ) 
him1 )\t be+  consid]able los]s by !    
b>ga94 ,! ,b'h[ 01 nev]!less1  att5d$ by
 a naut*-tuffah1 or set ( danc+-girls2  
^: equipage  ann\nc$ 8 lib]ality1 & ^:  
tal5ts ev9c$ 8 judgem5t4 ,let  me n be  
misund]/ood 9 ?is la/ expression3 !     
danc]s ( ,india  c suit only p>ticul>   
ta/es1 & ^? p]haps only f habit3 !y  are
 n to be class$ ) p]sons ( ! same       
pr(ession 9 ,europe2 b  are a di/9ct    
g5us4 ,x _c1 h[ev]1 be d5i$1 t "s among 
!m possess v sup]ior p[]s 9 ! vocal "p (
 _! pr(ession2  & t c]ta9 individuals   
dance1 9 _! /yle1 ) peculi>  effect2    
inde$1 ) mu* graceful delicacy1 & )     
undeviat+ reg>d  to ! measure4 ,!       
,b'h['s z5anah 0 ( c\rse seclud$2 b !   
numb] ( ! elephants1 r'huts1 palanqu9s1 
doolies & o!r  conveyances1 satisfi$ me 

t ! ladies 7 9 bett] plight ?an  _! mo/ 
abom9ably fil?y "l6    ,! ,h9do/anee    
ladies d n we> %oes1 b :5 walk+1 a pair 
(  slipp]s are put on = ! occasion2 s   
soon z ! lady returns to h]  seat on !  
satr9je1 or c>pet1 !y are ?r[n aside4   
,su* z are  =m$ )\t heels1 & h ! back "p
 made to flatt5 d[n "u  ! foot1 = t "p  
is seldom1 if ev]1 rais$1 are kn[n by ! 
"n ( k'h\s2 :ile ^? made )\t any        
back-piece1 ! qu>t]s  t]m9at+ "u !      
ancles on ea* side1 & t h rais$ heels1  
to p]haps ! height ( an in*1 are        
designat$ *9auls4 ,9 ei!r  k9d1 z well z
 9 ! jooties worn by m51 ! toe-"p is    
t]m9at$ by a long po9t$ /rip1 usually ( 
lea!r l9$ ) clo?1  t curls inw>ds ov] ! 
toes2 )\t ?is1 ! %oes w\ld be  consid]$ 
bo? unf9i%$1 & vulg>4 ,m5 commonly we>  
only  embroid]$ %oes1 b ! wom5 h        
frequ5tly an abundance ( v>i\s  color$  
foils1 pr9cipally purple or gre51 fa/5$ 
d[n to ! body (  ! vamp1 7:i* is ( "s   
bright color$ broad clo?17 & s]v+1 by  !
 mann] 9 :i* !y are dispos$1 to fill up 

! patt]n ( !  embroid]y3 ?is may be ei!r
 ( gold or silv] ?read1 or1 p]haps1  v  
small bugles1 n dissimil> to se$-pe>ls4 
,^? :o _c  af=d su* decorations1 :i* may
 raise ! price ( a pair ( %oes to  ab\t 
f\r or five rupees2 cont5t !mselves )   
silk5 ornam5ts4 ,!  l[ price ( a pair ( 
%oes ornam5t$ z above describ$1 _c fail 
to /rike ! read]1 :o w be yet m a/oni%$ 
to le>n1 t an  admirably well-dress$    
hide may be _h 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry =    
less ?an five %ill+s2 su* z w\ld sell ) 
u = ab\t ?irty  %ill+s1 or ev5 m4 ,^?   
/\t %oes worn by our native soldi]y1    
r>ely co/ m ?an f f\r to eight annas !  
pair1 7equal to f  eight to sixte5      
p5ce47 ,nei!r m5 nor wom5 use /ock+s2   
?\gh1  dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 ! m opul5t    
sometimes we> a %ort k9d  ( sock1 call$ 
a jooraub1 made ( cotton1 or ( silk1    
p]haps bo?  int]mix$1 & ( v>i\s color$  
patt]ns4 ,^! are rem>kably ?ick1  b     
r>ely rea* above ! ancle4 ,p]sons ( !   
fir/ rank1 h _!  jooraubs1 z also _!    
du/annahs1 or gloves1 made ( %awl2      

/range to say1 ^! are usually ( ! =m 9  
use among u =  *ildr52 t is1 !y h a     
receptacle = ! ?umb1 b ! f+]s  are all  
conta9$ 9 ! same bag1 or cy/4 ,x is1    
h[ev]1 v  uncommon to see a woman1 (    
:atev] rank1 we> gloves3 ?is is1 no     
d\bt1 ow+ to ! pride !y take 9 _! h&s1  
:i* are inv>iably  ornam5t$ ) gold or   
silv] r+s1 c41 to ! utmo/ ext5t ( _!    
purses4 ,9 fact1 ! :ole att5tion ( a    
,h9do/anee woman1 reta9$ 9  ! family (  
an ,european1 is direct$ t[>ds !        
accumulation (  tr9kets1 :i* may be     
suppos$ to be tol]ably exp5sive1 :5 x is
  und]/ood t no?+ less ?an solid silv]  
is admissible4 ,gilt1 or  plat$1        
ornam5ts1 are held to be disreputable1 &
 unlucky2 h5ce1 !  moolumbah1 or plat+  
trade1 is v little foll[$ 9 ,india2 ?\gh
  ! jewell]s w sometimes pass (f a      
coat$1 = a solid article2  especially 9 
gold "w4    ,! foll[+ are ! ornam5ts    
*iefly worn by ! ,h9do/anee ladies4  ,! 
maung-teekah1 mean+ ! frontal1 ornam5t1 
has usually a />1  or radiat$ c5tre1 (  

ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]1 set 9 gold1 & 
ri*ly ornam5t$ ) small pe>ls1 ( :i*1    
v>i\s *a9s are  atta*$1 aid+ to support 
x 9 its position2 namely1 on ! c5tre (  
! =ehead4 ,a triple1 or quadruple1 r[ ( 
pe>ls1 passes up !  c5tre ( ! maung1 or 
front2 ! hair be+ divid$1 & kept d[n  v 
flat4 ,! c5tre piece1 7&1 occasionally1 
ea* end piece also17  is compos$ (      
preci\s /ones1 su* z ! topaz1 ! em]ald1 
!  ame?y/1 ! ruby1 c43 sometimes ! c5tre
 is ( "o color1 & all  ! rays ( "s o!r2 
or p]haps ! latt] are alt]nate4 ,!      
maung-teekah1 z may be judg$ f ! above  
description1 is n a  v light ornam5t1 b 
is extremely spl5did1 &1 be+ g5]ally set
  9 gold1 (t5 v valuable3 "o ( a v      
ord9>y description w  co/ full twelve or
 fifte5 gu9eas1 ?\gh compos$ ( color$   
glass1  or *ry/al1 or foils3 :5 made (  
preci\s /ones1 ! price may rea*  to any 
ext5t4    ,! kurrum-phool1 is n unlike !
 c5tre piece ( a maung-teekah1  & may be
 ab\t ! same size1 ?\gh usually some:at 
less 9  diamet]4 ,?is ornam5t is fa/5$  

to ! lobe ( ! e>1 bo? by !  usual mode (
 pi]c+1 & by a *a9 ( gold pass+ ov] !   
e>1 s  z to be> ! weight ( !            
kurrum-phool2 :i* w\ld else cause !     
lobe to be greatly ext5d$ d[nw>d4 ,x is1
 h[ev]1 to be rem>k$1  t mo/ ( ! common 
wom5 h l>ge holes 9 t "p ( ! e>1  wide  
en\gh to pass a f+] ?r\gh2 & t ev5 !    
high] ord]s  consid] an ap]ture su* z   
w\ld admit a pea1 r honorable1 ?an      
o!rwise2 "u ! op9ion ( its indicat+ !   
great weight1 &  consequ5t value1 ( _!  
jewels4    ,! joomkah is ev] ( solid    
gold1 silv] be+ 9 ?is absolutely        
int]dict$ by ! laws ( ta/e2 9 fram+ :i*1
 pride seems to h  _h no v small %>e4   
,?is ornam5t consi/s ( a holl[          
hemisph]e1  or bell1 curi\sly fillagre$1
 & ab\t ?ree f\r?s ( an in* 9  diamet]2 
! edges susp5d small rods1 or p5dants ( 
gold1 ea*  furni%$ ) "o or m small      
pe>ls1 g>nets1 c42 p]haps to !  numb] ( 
a doz5 p5dants be+ atta*$ to !          
circumf]5ce ( ea*  joomkah4 ,! upp] "p  
is furni%$ ) a small p]=at$ /ud1        

sometimes ornam5t$1 ?r\gh :i* a r+1 ab\t
 ! ?ickness ( a  f9e knitt+-ne$le1 & n  
less ?an half an in* 9 diamet]1 is      
ins]t$2 x previ\sly pass+ ?r\gh ! e> 9 !
 "p usually  pi]c$4 ,?is r+1 z well z e 
o!r k9d ( fa/5+ made to  pass ?r\gh !   
e>s1 or nose1 is made ( ! pure/ gold1 & 
s  pliant z to all[ ! little hook made  
at "o end1 by b5d+ ! wire1  = ! purpose 
( fix+ into a m9ute loop1 or eye1 =m$1  
at !  o!r end1 by twi/+ x1 to be        
/raight5$1 at pleasure1 by means (  !   
nail only4    ,european ladies cont5t   
!mselves ) "o app5dage at ea* e>2 :ile  
! females ( ,h9do/an ?9k x impossible to
 h too _m3 ?us1  !y affix a numb] (     
small r+s1 ( pure gold1 or1 9 case (    
pov]ty1 ( silv]1 or ev5 ( t91 all along 
! bord] ( ! e>2  :i* is pi]c$ = t       
purpose 9 at lea/ a doz5 places1 to     
receive  ^! ornam5ts1 f :i* mu* di/ress 
(t5 arises1 ow+ to !  veil 7already     
describ$7 frequ5tly hit*+ ^u ! small    
hook$ ends  ( ! wire4    ,! nose has its
 %>e 9 ! decorations ( ! ,h9do/anee     

fair1 x  usually be>+ two ornam5ts2 "o1 
call$ a n'hut1 commonly pass$  ?r\gh !  
left no/ril1 consi/s only ( a piece (   
gold wire1 z  ?ick z a small            
knitt+-ne$le1 ) ! usual hook & eye1 &   
hav+ ! c5tre1 or ne>ly s1 furni%$ )     
sev]al g>nets1 pe>ls1  c4 p]haps to !   
numb] ( five or six1 ea* p>t$ f its     
neighb\r  by a ?9 plate ( gold1 usually 
hav+ s]rat$1 or escalop$ edges1  & be+  
fix$ transv]sely ^u ! wire1 :i* passes  
?r\gh _!  c5tres1 z well z ?r\gh !      
g>nets1 pe>ls1 c4 ,! diamet] ( !  circle
 ( a n'hut may be1 ord9>ily1 ab\t two   
in*es & a half4 ,on  ! coa/ ( ,corom&el1
 a simil> ornam5t is worn by m5 (       
respectability1 9 ea* e>4    ,! o!r     
nasal tr9ket is call$ a bolauk2 x is    
flat1 some?+ 9  ! =m ( t article (      
furniture call$ a footman1 & has a small
  r+1 ) hook & eye1 at its n>r[e/ "p1 = 
! purpose (  app5d+ x to ! middle ( !   
nose1 by means ( a gold r+ pass+  ?r\gh 
! septum1 or division betwe5 ! no/rils2 
! ornam5t  ly+ flat ^u ! upp] lip1 &    

hav+ its broad end furni%$ )  p5dants1  
simil> to ^? on a joomkah4 ,x is        
inconceivable :at "s  wom5 und]go = !   
sake ( display+ _! ri*es 9 ?is way6 ,n  
only does ! bolauk int]f]e ) ! op]ations
 ( ! lips dur+  meals1 b sores ( ! mo/  
unsightly description are (t5 creat$1 9 
t v t5d] "p to :i* ! ornam5t atta*es1 by
 ^?  innum]able accid5ts1 :i* n ev5 !   
mo/ con/ant vigilance c  prev5t4    ,!  
neck is n =gott5 among ^? lavi%         
decorations ( :i* !  sable ladies are s 
fond2 x is furni%$ ) v>i\s k9ds (       
necklace1 ( :i* ,i %all describe only ! 
*umpauk-gully4 ,?is is  made ( sep>ate  
rays1 ea* int5d$ to repres5t a petal ( !
  *umpauk1 7a fl[] indig5\s ?r\gh\t     
,asia17 & hav+ a fix$  r+1 or /aple1 at 
its butt1 s t ! :ole may be /rung close 
toge!r1 p]haps to ! numb] ( =ty pieces1 
or m4 ,?is ornam5t  is usually worn r   
loose1 t x may rea* half way d[n !      
bosom4  ,! m\nt+ is gold1 or silv]1     
accord+ to ! means ( ! we>]2  & ! rays1 
or petals1 are1 9 imitation ( !         

maung-teekah2 ei!r  *ry/als1 set on     
foils1 *iefly :ite2 or !y are preci\s   
/ones1 (  "o color1 ?r\gh\t ! ornam5t4  
,! haunseah is a solid coll> ( gold1 or 
silv]1 weigh+ f  p]haps1 f\r ounces to  
ne> a p\nd4 ,i h se5 sev]al t  approa*$ 
! latt] weight1 & mu/ h be5 highly      
oppressive to  ! we>]2 especially z !y  
only came into use on high days &       
holidays3 ! g5]al /&>d may be comput$ at
 ab\t six or sev5  ounces4 ,be+ made (  
pure metal1 !y are easily b5t1 s z to be
 put  on & (f4 ,haunseahs are commonly  
squ>e 9 front1 "u ! *91  = sev]al in*es1
 & tap] (f gradually to n m ?an half _! 
greate/ diamet]2 t]m9at+ at ea* end ) a 
small knob1 cut into a  polygonal =m3   
?is ornam5t is sometimes c>v$ 9 !       
,ori5tal /yle1  ei!r = its :ole l5g?1 or
 on ! front "p only4    ,mo/ ( !        
,h9do/anee wom5 we> tabeejes1 /rung ^u  
an assemblage  ( black silk ?reads1     
pass+ r\nd _! necks1 & rea*+ to _!      
middles3 ^! tabeejes are silv] cases1   
enclos+ ei!r quotations  f ! ,koran1 or 

"s my/ical writ+s1 or "s rubbi% f !     
animal or vegetable k+dom1 b1 ,i        
believe1 nev] any camphor 7z  lately us$
 by a celebrat$ ,engli% lady74 ,:atev] !
 cont5ts may be1  great reliance is     
plac$ on _! efficacy 9 repell+ disease1 
& 9  av]t+ ! influ5ce ( wit*-craft1     
7j'haddoo17 ( :i* ! p  ( ,india1 ( e    
sect1 ent]ta9 ! mo/ unlimit$ dread4     
,h5ce1 x  is n uncommon to see half a   
doz51 or m1 ( ^! *>ms /rung  ^u ! same  
?reads4    ,! upp] p>ts ( ! arms are    
adorn$ ) semi-circul> ornam5ts1  made   
holl[1 b fill$ up ) melt$ ros92 ! ends  
are furni%$  ) loops ( ! same metal1    
g5]ally silv]1 :i* admit silk5  skeans1 
:]eby !y are secur$ to _! places4 ,!    
above tr9ket is  call$ a baujoo-bund4   
,! wri/s are always pr(usely decorat$3 !
 m ord9>y classes  we> r+s made ( kaun*1
 or *ank2 7i4e4 ! common sea-con*1  cut 
out1 by means ( v f9e saws1 into n>r[   
slips :i*1 :5  jo9$ v accurately1 give !
 :ole an appe>ance ( be+ =m$  f ! mo/   
circul> "p ( ea* %ell4 ,?is is1 inde$1  

sometimes  done2 b su* entire r+s are v 
sc>ce1 & are usually pres]v$  9 _!      
orig9al pure :it5ess ) mu* assiduity4 ,!
 city ( ,dacca1  s fam\s = its musl9s1  
c>ries on a l>ge int]c\rse )            
,*ittagong1 & ! coa/ ( ,aracan1 = con*s1
 :i* are us$ =  beetl+ ! f9] clo?s1     
manufactur$ 9 t popul\s & ri*  emporium 
( cotton fabrics4 ,! noise made by *ank+
 ! clo?s1  :i*1 be+ laid _m folds ?ick  
^u a l>ge bo>d1 are beat )  con*s1 :]e9 
h&les are ins]t$1 is peculi>ly di/ress+ 
to an  unaccu/om$ e>2 especially z !    
op]ation cont9ues night & day1  )\t     
int]mission3 to ^? int]e/$ 9 ! trade1 x 
may p]haps  be highly agreeable6 ,!     
small process1 or button1 at ! base (   
ea*  %ell1 is sawn (f1 &1 aft] be+ gr\nd
 to a %ape resembl+ t  ( a flat turnip1 
is p]=at$1 = ! purpose ( be+ /rung4 ,:5 
s prep>$1 ^! receive ! "n ( kuntahs2 (  
:i*1 two r[s1  ea* conta9+ f ?irty to   
=ty1 are worn r\nd ! neck ( e  ,sepoy 9 
! ,company's s]vice1 z a "p ( 8 uni=m4  
,?is simple  ornam5t af=ds a pleasant   

relief to ! sable c\nt5ance ( a native1 
& s]ves to fill up a space1 t w\ld      
o!rwise appe> extremely  nak$1 betwe5 ! 
coll>-bones & ! *94    ,! r+s made f !  
sea-con*1 are call$ kaun* ke t'*oory1 or
  t'*oories made ( con*2 9              
contra-di/9ction to a common k9d (      
t'*oories1 made1 by p]sons :o foll[ t   
pr(ession only1 f a  species ( silici\s 
clay1 :i* spe$ily vitrifies1 =m+ a      
semi-transp>5t mass1 t is work$ into r+s
 ( ab\t a l9e 9  diamet]2 b hav+ r      
quadrangul> ?an circul> surfaces2 s t  !
 inn] circumf]5ce may be r easy to !    
wri/1 & ! upp]  "p1 7or out]            
circumf]5ce17 be suffici5tly flat to    
exhibit v>i\s  embelli%m5ts1 giv5 by aid
 ( gold leaf1 & little enamell$1 or     
lacqu]$ specks1 c41 appli$ !reto1 &     
aft]w>ds burnt 94 ,x is  inconceivable  
h[ exp]t ! wom5 :o v5d ! t'*oories1 & :o
  are !nce call$ t'*oora5s1 are 9 apply+
 ^! ornam5ts2  :i*1 aft] be+ once pass$ 
ov] ! h&1 (t5 are f\nd to fit !  wri/   
admirably3 p]sons unacqua9t$ ) !        

dext]ity ( ^! wom51  w\ld1 on see+ ! r+s
 be=e !y 7 on1 consid] x impossible  to 
get ! h& ?r\gh2 yet1 by means ( a little
 oil1 or ev5 (  wat]1 & compress+ ! v   
flexible memb] into a suitable =m1  !   
r+s are successively made to glide ov] !
 jo9ts ) tol]able  facility2 v few1 9   
proportion1 be+ brok5 dur+ ! op]ation4  
,x  is to be rem>k$1 t1 z probably =ty  
or fifty t'*oories are to  be worn ^u   
ea* wri/1 ^? appropriat$ to ! ?ick] "p (
 !  arm1 be+1 ( c\rse1 ! fir/ to pass1 !
 h& becomes gradually  suppl$1 & dispos$
 to receive ea* succe$+ r+1 :i* is      
imp]ceptibly ( less diamet] ?an its     
pr$ecessor4 ,to say ! mo/ (  t'*oories1 
!y h a v heavy appe>ance1 & are always  
highly  uncom=table to ,madam's mo/     
intimate acqua9tances1 9 consequ5ce (   
_! be+ peculi>ly brittle4    ,"s ladies 
we> a massy r+ ( solid silv] on ea*     
wri/1 weigh+1  p]haps1 f ?ree to five   
ounces3 ^! are commonly hexagonal1 or   
octagonal1 ( an equal ?ickness ?r\gh\t1 
& t]m9at$ by a knob at  ea* end1 ! same 

z 9 ! haunseah4 ,be+ ( pure silv]1 ?is  
ornam5t1 :i* is call$ a kurrah1 may be  
op5$ suffici5tly to be  put on1 or (f1  
at pleasure2 ! ends be+ br\ght toge!r by
 an easy  pressure ( ! o!r h&4    ,a    
bracelet1 =m$ ( small po9t$ prisms (    
solid silv]1 ea* ab\t  ! size ( a v l>ge
 b>ley-corn1 & hav+ a r+ sold]$ to "o  (
 its sides is 9 v common use4 ,^! prisms
 are /rung ^u black  silk1 z close z _! 
po9t$1 or p]haps r\nd$1 ends w admit1 9 
?ree or f\r p>allel r[s1 & !n fa/5$1 !  
same z !  baujoo-bund4 ,"s ( !          
bracelets1 :i* be> ! g5]al "n (         
poanhies1 are ( gold1 int]mix$ ) pe>ls2 
af=d+ a v ri*  appe>ance3 !y are c]ta9ly
 m ornam5tal ?an t'*oories1 :i*  are1 9 
! end1 v exp5sive1 on acc\nt ( ! imm5se 
numb]s t  give way 9 ! we>+4    ,! ?umb 
( ea* h& is g5]ally de/9$ to be> an     
ornam5t call$  inah1 7or look+-glass17  
=m$ ( a r+ fitt+ ^u ! ?umb1 &  hav+ a   
small mirror1 ab\t ! size ( a half-p5ny1
 fix$ ^u x by  ! c5tre1 s z to accord ) 
! back ( ! ?umb4 ,ea* f+] is  provid$ ) 

its quota ( angooties1 or r+s1 ( v>i\s  
sorts &  sizes1 g5]ally ( gold2 ^? (    
silv] be+ consid]$ mean4 ,!  inah %\ld  
correspond 9 ?is p>ticul>2 b1 on acc\nt 
( !  quantity ( gold requir$ :]e9 to set
 ! glass1 _m cont5t  !mselves ) silv]   
m\nt+4 ,t a small look+-glass may1 at   
times1 be commodi\sly situat$ at ! back 
( ! ?umb1 we w n  dispute2 b :at %all we
 say to t prepo/]\s cu/om1 :i* ,i h     
absolutely witness$1 ( we>+ a simil>    
ornam5t on ea* great toe666    ,a lady1 
at all prid+ h]self on ! spl5dor ( h]   
dress1 mu/ h a  pair ( v sub/antial     
kurrahs1 or r+s ( silv]1 n weigh+  less 
?an half a p\nd ea*1 ^u h] ancles4 ,%e  
mu/ also h a pair  ( paum-jebs1 made    
flexible1 & ornam5t$ ) little sph]ical  
bells1 all ( :i* t9kle at e motion ( !  
limb4 ,! ord9>y  patt]n ( ! paum-jeb1 is
 mural1 ea* piece be+ kept 9 its place  
by wires1 pass+ ?r\gh its two ends      
v]tically4 ,! toes h  likewise _! r+s1  
call$ *ellahs1 usually ( ab\t ! fif? (  
an in* 9 bread? & v ?92 ^! h1 = ! mo/   

"p1 bead$  edges4    ,! wom5 (          
,portugueze extraction1 we> _! hair 9 a 
l>ge top knot1  secur$ by an imm5se     
silv] p91 or r a skew]2 ! broad "p (    
:i* is ei!r fillagre$1 enamell$1 or     
engrav$4 ,! ,h9do/anee  ladies we> no   
ornam5t ( t description2 !y comb d[n _! 
frontal hair1 :ile abundantly moi/5$ )  
tissy1 t is1 !  mucilage obta9$ by /eep+
 l9se$ 9 a small quantity ( wat]2 &     
caus+ x to "p f ! c5tre 9 two div]g+    
sweeps1 or  cresc5ts1 t come d[n to !   
ext]ior corn]s ( ! eye-br[s1  fall+ 9   
imm$iately above ! e>s1 !y ?us r5d] !   
:ole  smoo?1 compact1 & glossy4 ,all !  
hair app]ta9+ to ! h9d]  "p ( ! head1 is
 braid$ toge!r = its :ole l5g?1 &       
ultimately bl5d$ ) black ribbon2 :i*    
cont9ues ! braid = _m  in*es1 or ev5 = a
 foot or m1 s z to r5d] x d\btful1 at a 
c]ta9 di/ance1 :e!r ! hair does n occupy
 ! :ole l5g?4  ,?is is a po9t ( ! utmo/ 
importance ) a native lady1 :o values   
h] locks beyond ev5 h] virtue4 ,:e!r x 7
 ! cause1 or !  effect1 is difficult to 

say2 b c]ta9 x is1 t1 "o ( !  greate/   
puni%m5ts a judge c inflict on a woman1 
is to h h] head  %av$4 ,qu]y1 ,did _!   
high e/imation ( ! hair1 induce to mak+ 
its privation a puni%m5t8 or1 did t     
e/imation take place1 9  consequ5ce ( ! 
want ( hair be+ consid]$ disgraceful8 ,i
 am  incl9$ to favor ! fir/ op9ion4 ,x  
is v common = a native to  cause ! hair 
( 8 baundy1 or female slave1 to be tak5 
(f1 =  any trifl+ (f5ce4    ,coral beads
 are 9 high e/imation ?r\gh\t ,h9do/an1 
z applicable  to ! con/ruction (        
necklaces & bracelets = wom54  ,not)/&+ 
!y are manufactur$ f ! r$ coral1 fi%$ up
 9  v>i\s p>ts ( ,asia1 ^! beads are v  
co/ly1 especially :5 !y  run to any     
size4 ,!y are g5]ally sold by !         
sicca-weight1 or  tolah2 t is1 by _!    
weight 9 silv]1 two & a half rupees     
weigh+ ab\t "o ounce2 or eighty to ! se]
 ( ne>ly two p\nds  avoirdupoise4 ,a    
tolah ( high color$1 s\nd beads1 z l>ge 
z a  m>r[-fat pea1 may commonly be _h = 
ab\t ?ree1 or f\r1 rupees2  sometimes   

*eap]3 consequ5tly1 an ounce ( coral    
beads1 call$  moongahs1 w co/ ne> a     
gu9ea4 ,?is1 :i* is f\r times ! value  (
 silv]1 appe>s to be a high price1      
consid]+ ! l[ wages (  labor]s1 & proves
 t coral _c be advantage\sly import$ f  
,india to ,engl&4 ,! ladies ( ,asia are 
v p>ticul> 9 (t5  /eep+ _! moongahs 9   
pigeon's blood2 "u ! firm belief (  _!  
color be+ height5$ by su* imm]sions6    
,?is recipe may1  h[ev]1 be mat*$ by _m1
 ( equal efficacy1 highly valu$ among   
ourselves4    ,! l[e/1 & mo/            
pov]ty-/ruck woman 9 ,b5gal1 w\ld       
consid]  h]self truly wret*$ if %e c\ld 
n1 n[ & !n1 ano9t h] head  ) oil1 ( "s  
k9d4 ,! ladies ( afflu5ce inv>iably use 
sc5t$  oils1 ( :i* ^? impregnat$ ) !    
bale1 ! jasm9e1 & s&al1  are mo/ 9 use4 
,d\btless1 cu/om reconciles #8! rancid  
fragrance' to  ! no/rils ( an ,asiatic2 
b1 to an ,european1 no?+ c be m         
(f5sive4 ,a full dress$ ,h9do/anee lady 
is ! liv+ type ( t  s>ca/ic c\plet (    
,swift4                      #8,enri*'d 

) all ! gay p]fume1                     
,%e wafts a /5* ar\nd ! room4'    ,!    
sale ( ^! oils1 z also ( ! missy1 :i* is
 appli$ by bo?  sexes to _! tee?1 &1 by 
=m+ a black coat+1 or v>ni%1 is  suppos$
 to pres]ve _! enamel f ! action ( !    
lime conta9$  9 ! pawn1 or beetle1 !y   
g5]ally *ew1 z also ( ! soormah1  or    
levigat$ antimony1 us$ = black5+ ! edges
 ( ! eye-lids1  toge!r ) a v>iety (     
rubbi%1 is conf9$ to a class ( m5 call$ 
gundies1 :o c>ry _! w>e ab\t 9 small    
baskets4 ,! oils1 &  especially ! utr1  
or ottah ( roses1 are v c>efully pack$ 9
  cotton-wool1 & e pret5ce is made ( _! 
be+ ( great value4  ,x is wond]ful :at  
deceptions ?is class ( hawk]s practise6 
,!y are  mo/ consummate 9 ! arts (      
flatt]y & intrigue2 f ! ex]cise  ( "o or
 ! o!r1 n unfrequ5tly ( bo? conjo9$1 !y 
c\ld n  fail to become v ri*1 did !y n  
g5]ally lead mo/ dissipat$  lives1 & (t5
 take paym5t 9 k9d = _! w>es4    ,)     
respect to ! p]fum$ oils 9 common use   
among ! ,h9do/anee  ladies1 _!          

prep>ation is v easy2 be+1 = ! mo/ "p1  
m]ely  sweet oils ( any k9d2 su* z t    
extract$ f l9se$1 or f !  cocoa-nut1 or 
f any plant com+ "u ! d5om9ation (      
metah1  7i4e4 sweet17 p]fum$ by means ( 
a small quantity ( ! ess5tial  oil ( any
 fragrant fl[]1 p>ticul>ly ! rose1 !    
jasm9e1 !  bale1 c4 ,all ^! oils are    
extremely common1 r>ely sell+ = m  ?an  
two or ?ree rupees p] se]2 :i*          
corresponds ) ab\t sev5  %ill+s = an    
,engli% qu>t4    ,t highly fragrant oil 
extract$ f ! rose1 call$ att>1 or by  u 
ottah1 is by no means s common z might  
be expect$1 at lea/ n  9 p]fection3 z to
 reput$ att>1 t may be _h ( e gundy1  & 
at ev5 a few annas p] tolah 7or half    
ounce weight74 ,g5u9e  att> c only be _h
 ( p>ticul> p]sons1 & !n at a v high    
price2 commonly ab\t f\r gu9eas1 7i4e4  
two gold mohurs7 p] ounce4  ,! natives1 
= _m ye>s1 pret5d$ to make a great      
secret ( !  process :]eby ?is valuable  
oil 0 extract$2 :5ce !y n only  reta9$ !
 :ole pr(it to !mselves1 b 7 enabl$ to  

practise  v>i\s deceptions ( great      
advantage to !mselves b extremely       
injuri\s to ! extract4    ,al?\gh _m    
g5tlem5 _h occasionally endeavor$ to    
asc]ta9 !  proportions us$ by ! v5d]s ( 
att>1 x 0 n until ab\t !  ye> #agha1 or 
#aghb1 t any attempt 0 made1 on an      
ext5sive scale1 to  competite ) t class 
( di/ill]s4 ,! late ,lieut5ant-,colonel 
,an?ony ,poli]1 :o resid$ = _m ye>s at 8
 beautiful villa1 "s  miles f ,luckn[1  
01 ,i believe1 ! fir/ ^: rese>*es       
includ$  ! di/illation ( att>1 9 :i*    
pursuit he 0 rem>kably  successful2     
consid]+ h[ mu* intrigue1 corruption1 & 
ignorance he  _h to cont5d )1 ,i h he>d 
t g5tleman decl>e1 t1 9  almo/ e tra9 ( 
exp]im5ts he und]took1 "s lat5t         
opposition  0 sure to prevail2 (t5      
baffl+ e ef=t1 & sometimes  compell+ him
 to ab&on 8 design4    ,?is result$ f ! 
jeal\sy ent]ta9$ by ! natives (         
di/9ction at ! c\rt ( ! ,nabob ,vizi] ( 
,oude1 ,,azoph ,,ul ,,d[lah1  ) :om 8   
extreme urbanity1 suavity ( mann]s1     

+5uity1 &  incorruptible integrity1     
r5d]$ him a great favorite4 ,! c\rti]s  
appreh5d$1 t1 ?r\gh ! unit$ intellig5ce 
( ,colonel ,poli]1  & ( ,colonel ,claude
 ,m>t9e1 ^: g5ius 9 e me*anical art 0   
on a p> ) t ( ! =m] 9 ! polite arts1 z  
well z 9 mo/  bran*es ( useful sci5ce1 !
 sev]al exp5sive e/abli%m5ts  support$  
by ! ,nabob w\ld ultimately be set      
aside1 z useless1 & z  dev\r+ a rev5ue1 
:i* might be turn$ t[>ds purposes 9 :i* 
!y %\ld h no conc]n2 or1 at lea/1 no    
pr(it4 ,!re=e1  not)/&+ 8 highness's    
positive ord]s1 mo/ ( !  indisp5sables 7
 ei!r )held1 or1 :5 furni%$ at all1     
prov$  ( ! wor/ quality3 any man less   
mild ?an ,poli]1 w\ld h insi/$  on a due
 att5tion to 8 requisitions2 b he =bore 
f  remon/rance1 except :5 s closely     
press$ z to r5d] repres5tation          
inevitable4 ,:5ev]1 9 spite ( all direct
 ho/ility1 & ( und]h&  resi/ance1 !     
,colonel fulfill$ 8 wi%es1 display+ !   
complete  success ( 8 +5uity & le>n+2   
!n1 all 0 cri$ d[n z  j'haddoo1 z       

wit*-craft2 & ! :ole body ( ,mahom$an   
ecclesia/ics jo9$ to cru% ! gr[? (      
sci5ce4    ,be+ provid$ ) an ample /ill1
 & hav+ v ext5sive  plantations ( roses1
 9 :i* ,i h (t5 pass$ a leisure h\r1    
admir+ equally _! fragrance1 & ! amiable
 qualities ( _!  plant]1 ! ,colonel made
 a %ift to c>ry on 8 op]ations1 b n  )  
inv>iable success2 ! native di/ill]s    
hav+ frequ5tly  influ5c$ 8 s]vants1 by  
means ( bribes1 to mix v>i\s +r$i5ts1   
:i* ei!r ta9t$1 or o!rwise det]iorat$1 !
 produce ( 8  /ill4 ,at l5g?1 aft] a    
great v>iety ( exp]im5ts1 9 :i* he1 (   
c\rse1 exp]i5c$ _m mo/ mortify+1 &      
equally unacc\ntable  disappo9tm5ts1 he 
hit ^u ! j proportions1 & ! mo/         
favorable process4 ,8 me?od 0 z foll[s4 
,to a maund 7i4e4 #hblb47  ( roses1 he  
put ab\t a maund & a half ( wat]3 !     
roses be+  entire1 & hav+ _! /ems cut   
away close "u ! *alices4 ,^!  be+ all   
duly mix$1 by h&1 9 ! /ill1 a g5tle fire
 0 made  "u x2 ! head n be+ appli$ until
 ! wat] began to ?r[ (f  a vapor3 aft]  

t1 x 0 put on1 & c>efully lut$ d[n4 ,!  
fire  01 ?r\gh\t ! di/illation1 kept r  
sl[ ?an fi]ce2  especially aft] ab\t a  
t5? "p ( ! wat] _h come ov] into !      
receiv]3 9 ab\t five h\rs1 half ! wat]  
_h come ov] tol]ably  cle>4 ,! rose-wat]
 ?us obta9$1 0 aga9 put to ano!r maund (
  roses1 :i* 7 subject$ to ! same       
op]ation1 until ab\t half its  quantity 
_h pass$ into ! receiv]4 ,z ! =m] 0     
call$ #8s+le  rose-wat]1' s 0 ?is       
designat$ #8d\ble rose-wat]2' b x is    
evid5t t ! t]m #8quadruple' w\ld be m   
appropriate1 s9ce  d\ble ! quantity (   
p]fume 0 br\ght into half ! =m] space4  
,! produce ( ! la/ di/illation 0 put    
into broad pans1 ei!r (  e>!n w>e1 or ( 
t9n$ metal1 & left expos$1 dur+ ! night1
 to  ! cold air4    ,"h1 ,i %\ld rem>k1 
t ! roses g5]ally bloom e>ly 9 ! ye>1  &
 t1 dur+ ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 sometimes1   
also1 9 ,febru>y1 ice  is produc$ by    
p\r+ hot wat] into %all[ pans ( por\s   
crock]y2  :i*1 be+ plac$ on b$s ( loose 
s&1 9 expos$ situations1 dur+  ! :ole   

night1 g5]ally yield a sub/antial       
pellicle1 &1 9 v  favorable in/ances1   
sometimes cause ! :ole ( ! wat] to be   
congeal$4 ,! colonel's object1 9 expos+ 
! rose-wat]1 z above  %ewn1 0 to congeal
 ! ess5tial oil1 call$ att>1 :i* has !  
peculi> prop]ty ( becom+ compact1 &     
flaky1 :5 expos$ to a  degree ( cold f> 
above freez+ po9t2 9 ?is in/ance1 be>+  
"s  aff9ity to animal oils 9 g5]al4     
,n[1 x is evid5t1 t su* an exposure     
subject$ ! att>1 :i*  float$ on !       
surface z x became cold1 to ! access (  
du/1 at  lea/1 if n ( o!r gross] rubbi%2
 !re=e ! plan 0 c]ta9ly  injudici\s3 ?is
 ! colonel soon p]ceiv$1 = ! quantity (1
 :at  he consid]$ to be1 fces1 prov$ t  
!re 0 "s mismanagem5t4  ,accord+ly1 he  
took a h9t1 &1 :ile ! rose-wat] 0 yet   
lukew>m1  p\r$ x into a l>ge c>aboy1 or 
glass bottle2 s z to fill x  completely4
 ,! c>aboy 0 !n subject$ to a refrig]at+
 process2  by :i* ! att> 0 cond5s$ on   
its surface 9 its neck1 :5ce x  0 easily
 remov$ into a l>ge-m\!d phial1 furni%$ 

) a gr\nd  /opp]4 ,:at little adh]$ to !
 neck ( ! c>aboy1 did n come  away ) !  
rose-wat]1 z x 0 p\r$ (f1 b1 on ! vessel
 be+  rev]s$1 & subject$ to a           
consid]able degree ( heat1 dropp$ sl[ly 
into a phial plac$ bel[ x1 b protect$ f 
! action ( ! fire4    ,! products 9 att>
 h be5 widely diff]5t4 ,! natives r>ely 
obta9 m ?an a dra*m & a half f a maund (
 roses2 :]eas  ,colonel ,poli] obta9$   
full two dra*ms f a hundr$ p\nds troy4  
,9  ,europe1 we f9d t "s cont95tal      
*ymi/s h extract$ half an  ounce3       
,hamb]g succe$$ s f> z to draw a :ole   
ounce1 & ,h(fman  0 rew>d$ ) no less ?an
 two ounces4 ,all ^! p]sons1 h[ev]1     
reject$ ! *alices2 us+ only ! petals2   
:i* necess>ily made a  great diff]5ce1 !
 p]fume be+1 pr9cipally1 if n :olly1    
conf9$ to !m4    ,! rose-wat]1 ev5 aft] 
! att> has be5 completely sep>at$1 is   
ri* 9 fragrance1 b is f> m s1 :5 ! att> 
is suff]$ to  rema9 unit$ ) x1 z may be 
effect$ by ! addition ( v>i\s  m5/rua1  
:i* keep x susp5d$ 9 ! fluid4 ,! g5]al  

price (  su* rose-wat] z is ord9>ily    
sold "u ! designation ( #8d\ble1'  &1 ( 
c\rse1 passes = ! v be/1 may be f tw5ty1
 to =ty1  rupees p] maund1 accord+ z !  
season may h be5 productive1 or  z !    
pur*ase may be made f ! di/ill] himself1
 or ?r\gh a  second or a ?ird h&4       
,colonel ,poli] /ates t ! quantity (    
att> obta9$ f ne>ly  fifty-five maunds (
 roses1 :i* grew ^u ab\t elev5 acres (  
good  soil1 highly manur$1 am\nt$ to    
sixte5 tolahs1 or ab\t half a  p\nd     
avoirdupoise4 ,?is gives u "s insight   
into ! value ( !  att>2 =1 if we all[ ! 
l& to h be5 wor? a gu9ea p] acre1  & t !
 cultivation1 toge!r ) ! exp5ces (      
di/illation1  %\ld am\nt to z mu* m1 !  
foll[+ w\ld be ! /ate ( !  conc]n4      
4 s4 d4   4 s4 d4   ,r5t ( #aa acres1   
7or #cc bigahs17        #aa   #aa    #j 
#bc    #b    #j   ,exp5ces (            
cultivation1 c4               #aa   #aa 
#j                                      
,aga9/ :i* we h     ,sixte5 tolahs (    
att>1 say at two     gu9eas1            

#cc   #ab    #j   ,ab\t ?irte5 & a half 
maunds (     rose-wat]1 say at only #bj 
rupees1 or     #b4 #ajs4 p] maund       
#cc   #aj    #j                         
,giv+ a total ( receipts equal to       
#fg    #b    #j                         
,& a nett produce on #aa acres1 (       
#dd    #j    #j                         
,equal p] acre1 to ! ye>ly sum (        
#d    #j    #j                          
,9 ! above1 ,i h tak5 ! att> at f> less 
?an ! price x at  pres5t be>s1 & !      
rose-wat] at ! rate usually *>g$ at     
,juanpore1 ,luckn[1 c4 = a maund ( ! be/
 rose-wat]1 at ! "t  ,colonel ,poli]'s  
exp]im5t1 above detail$1 0 dat$1 namely1
 9 #aghg4  ,if my in=mation is correct1 
! be/ att> n[ sells at ,calcutta =  ne> 
six gu9eas ! ounce2 & ! be/ rose-wat] at
 ,juanpore1 :]e a  l>ge quantity is     
di/ill$1 = ?irty-five & =ty rupees p]   
maund4  ,! exp5ce ( ! cultivation is    
tak5 at ab\t sev5 rupees mon?ly1  on an 
av]age2 !re be+ no "w ( consequ5ce      
p]=m$1 except  hoe+1 = full eight mon?s 

9 ! ye>4 ,! r5t ( ! l& is rat$  at !    
ord9>y m$ium at :i* ,i compute soils    
suit$ to ! gr[? (  tobacco1 cotton1     
sug>1 opium1 c4 to be ( late1 t is1 at  
ab\t #b  rupees1 or eight %ill+s p]     
bigah4    ,9 ,doctor ,willi*'s          
,encyclopdia1 ,i obs]ve x is /at$1 t    
g5u9e  att> sells1 ev5 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1
 at tw5ty gu9eas ! ounce2 b  ,i appreh5d
 ?is to be a great error2 at lea/1 x is 
f> beyond :at  ! exp]i5ce ( m ?an tw5ty 
ye>s all[s me to cr$it4 ,if1  inde$1 !  
,doctor means t :i* ! gundies retail1 by
 mix+ only  "o drop ( g5u9e att> among  
p9t ( oil ( s&al-wood1 z is  (t5        
practis$1 he is f> %ort ( ! m>k2 =1 9   
su* case1 !  ounce may be said to sell =
 ne>] fifty1 ?an tw5ty gu9eas4    ,!    
color ( att>1 is rem>k$ by ,colonel     
,poli]1 #8to be no crit]ion  ( its      
goodness1 its quality1 or its c\ntry4'  
,t g5tleman /ates1  t he _h1 9 ! same   
ye>1 & f ! same rose-bu%es1 att> (  a   
f9e em]ald gre51 ( a bright yell[1 & ( a
 r$di% hue1 all  obta9$ by ! same       

process1 only t ! roses 7 collect$ on   
diff]5t days4    ,"h ,i am dispos$ to   
suspect1 t ! old trick1 s p]emptorily   
detect$ by ,doctor & ,pr(essor ,gil*ri/1
 ( mix+ a solution (  v]digris1 or o!r  
color+ matt]1 9 ! /ill1 or 9 ! receiv]1 
mu/ h be5 practis$ by "s ( ! ,colonel's 
att5dants4 ,x has  be5 suffici5tly      
prov$1 t1 :5 no su* adult]ation takes   
place1  att> v ne>ly limpid3 b1 ?\gh a  
color may be ?us imp>t$1 x  does n appe>
 t ! p]fume is debas$2 its fragrance be+
  unimpair$3 on ! o!r h&1 ! admixture ( 
any o!r oil is readily  discov]$1 by its
 caus+ ! disposition to liquesc5ce1 ev5 
:5  expos$ to sev]e cold1 :i* di/+ui%es 
e o!r kn[n p]fume  f g5u9e att>4    ,"s 
ladies ano9t _! bodies ) sc5t$ oils1 b1 
= ! mo/  "p1 a pr$ilection exi/s 9 favor
 ( t extract$ f !  sesamum1 or mu/>d    
se$2 :i* is likewise 9 v g5]al use      
?r\gh\t e bran* ( cul9>y prep>ation1    
among ! natives (  e sect4 ,:5 ! oil is 
appli$ to ! body1 7ov] e "p (  :i* x is 
sme>$1 ! gratifi$ individual g5]ally    

expos+ himself  to ! influ5ce ( ! sun   
:ile ! unction is p]=m+17 x is 9  its   
raw /ate2 b :5 int5d$ = sauce1 x is1 on 
acc\nt ( !  peculi> rankness ( its      
flavor1 subject$ to ! foll[+ simple     
op]ation1 :]eby x is v consid]ably      
sweet5$2 ?\gh n  dive/$ ( a c]ta9 flavor
 by :i* its pres5ce may always be       
detect$4 ,! oil is put into a deep      
vessel1 ei!r e>!n or ( metal1  hav+ "s  
k9d ( lid1 su* z a flat pan1 c4 to reta9
 ! heat  :ile ! oil is prep>+3 :5 x     
boils1 & crackles1 "o side ( !  lid is  
lift$1 & a small quantity ( cold wat]   
?r[n 91 ! lid  be+ %ut d[n z quickly z  
possible1 le/ ! oil1 :i* flies          
imm$iately :5 t\*$ by ! wat]1 %\ld scald
 ! op]ator4 ,?is  is repeat$ ?ree or f\r
 times1 at %ort int]vals1 & ! oil is ?us
  ne>ly dive/$ ( its unpleasant &       
acrimoni\s flavor4 ,bo? sexes  ano9t _! 
bodies ) ! oil ( sesamum1 commonly call$
 by  ,europeans #8mosaul oil1' f its be+
 inv>iably us$ by !  mosaul*ies to fe$ !
 flames ( _! l9ks1 or mosauls3 by !     

natives x is designat$ kurwah-tale1 or  
#8bitt] oil4' ,9 "s  in/ances1 we see   
turm]ic mix$ ) x1 = ! purpose (         
excitem5t  to p]spiration6 ?is absurd   
practice is n v g5]al1 b "o w\ld        
suppose ! fallacy ( su* an op9ion mu/   
long ago h be5  discov]$1 & t ! turm]ic 
w\ld h be5 f\nd r to add to  t          
ob/ruction1 inevitably creat$ by ! oil1 
?an to promote  diaphoresis4 ,! only    
int5tion t seems truly to be answ]$ by !
  unction1 is t ( /opp+ ! pores3 h5ce1  
we see all ! poor  p1 ?r\gh\t ,india1   
avail !mselves1 :5ev] ! means (f]1 (  a 
h&ful or two ( kurwah-tale1 to rub ov]  
_! sk9s1 dur+ !  w9t] season especially2
 !reby to resi/ ! cold air3 _m1 :o c    
af=d b a light k9d ( cloa?+1 & are n    
compet5t to pur*ase  quilt$ jackets1    
w\ld be almo/ froz51 7 x n = ?is device4
    ,?is practice1 s extremely common1  
,i might say1 univ]sal1 ?r\gh\t  ,india1
 seems to be at v>iance ) ! op9ions (   
our physicians1 :o  consid] x highly    
dang]\s to close too _m ( ! pores at "o 

"t4  ,t x is done ) impunity 9 ,india1  
is too well kn[n to require any  evid5ce
 be+ "h adduc$3 nay1 m1 su* unctions are
 recomm5d$ 9  high fev]s1 by ! native   
doctors1 7g5]ally ,bram9s17 :o likewise 
prescribe a ?ick plai/]+ ( p\nd$ h]bs to
 be 9 su* cases  appli$ all ov] ! body4 
,?is1 :i* r>ely fails to produce relief1
  is evid5tly ! basis ( t refrig]ant    
c\rse adopt$1 ( late  ye>s1 by "s ( our 
mo/ celebrat$ m$ical *>act]s4    ,z a   
p]fume1 ! m delicate ladies ( ,india rub
 !mselves )  v>i\s drugs1 n v gratify+  
to ! olfactory n]ves ( our  ,europeans2 
! same is also us$ = ! hair4 ,a few use 
a k9d (  pomade1 made extemporane\sly ( 
orange peels1 gr\nd f9e ^u a /one1  &   
mix$ ) fl\r1 made f peas1 call$ bas94   
,?is is really  fragrant1 z well z      
cleans+2 b ,i _c s mu* admire ! s&al  "s
 sub/itute = ! citric aroma2 x be+ ( a  
peculi>ly sickly  sc5t1 :i* does n      
easily wa% out ( l954    ,) respect to  
religi\s ablutions1 ! natures ( e sect1 
b  especially ! ,bram9s1 are v p>ticul>2

 ev5 fa/idi\sly s3 all  ba! at lea/ once
 daily be=e _! d9n] h\r1 :atev] may be !
  /ate ( ! wea!r1 repair+ ei!r to "s    
neighb\r+ riv]1 or to  a pond1 7or      
tank17 = t purpose4 ,!re !y walk up to  
_!  wai/s 9 ! wat]2 &1 plac+ _! ?umbs 9 
_! e>s1 & _!  =e-f+]s press+ _! no/rils1
 imm]se !mselves1 by squatt+  sudd5ly ^u
 _! haun*es1 sev]al times 9 succession2 
g5]ally  repeat+ v>i\s pray]s on ^!     
occasions4 ,all take ?is opportunity  to
 wa% _! doties1 & o!r p>ts ( _! app>el2 
hav+ 9  read9ess dry cloa?s to put on1 b
 :i* are1 ( c\rse1 left ^u !  %ore4 ,x  
is curi\s to see1 z may (t5 be done at  
"s ghauts1 or  :>fs1 hundr$s ( p]sons   
ba?+ 9 ?is mann] at ! same "t2 !  wat]  
is (t5 ?rong$ = ! :ole day2 especially  
at ,b5>es1  ,allahabad1 ,betoor1 & o!r  
sacr$ cities1 to :i* pilgrims resort  f 
imm5se di/ances = t purpose4 ,at        
p>ticul> times1 x is  suppos$ t ne>ly a 
million ( p]sons assemble to ba! 9 !    
,ganges2 :5ce x mu/ appe> extremely     
curi\s to ! ,european read]1  t sc>ce an

 in/ance is kn[n ( any p]son los+ 8     
cloa?s :ile  ba?+3 p]haps x may be 9 "s 
measure ow+ to t a/oni%+  conc\rse (    
b>b]s1 :o (ficate previ\s to ea* p]son  
ent]+ !  sacr$ /ream2 & :o usually take 
*>ge (1 or at lea/ h an eye  to1 !      
ve/m5ts left = 8 use on return+ f !     
wat]4    ,at all ! ba?+-places ! sexes  
int]mix promiscu\sly2 ea* be+  9 _!     
usual cloa?+3 ?is does n1 h[ev]1 relate 
to wom5 ( a  sup]ior class1 :o are n    
suff]$ to g abroad except 9 close       
vehicles1 & :o1 7 !y volunt>ily to %ew  
_! faces to any  male1 except _! husb&s1
 w\ld be 9 dang] ( los+ _! heads3  su*  
nev] ba! 9 ! riv] b "u ample            
precautions4 ,a spot is  select$1 :]e ! 
wat] %oals gradually1 & :]e ! ba!r _c   
be ov]look$ f any height1 c4 ,!re1 an   
area is enclos$1 by means  ( kanauts1   
support$ to ! height ( p]haps eight     
feet1 or m1 by  means ( bamboo poles1   
kept 9 _! places by ropes fa/5$ to      
/akes1  or to poles driv5 into ! s&4 ,! 
lady is c>ri$ to an ov]lap1 or  op5+1 9 

! kanauts1 mo/ly 9 a cov]$ c>riage1 (   
:i* !  driv] retires1 tak+ ) him ! ox51 
& leav+ ! ma*9e  enclos$ )9 ! area1 :]e 
x s]ves ! purpose ( a  dress+-room4 ,!  
female s]vants att5d ! int]ior1 :ile !  
ext]ior is gu>d$ by c5t9els1 or p]haps  
by eunu*s1 on ! l&  side2 &1 t[>ds any  
navigable *annel a boat is /ation$1 to  
prev5t  ! approa* ( /rang]s4 ,b few     
,mahom$an wom5 ba! 9 ?is mann]2  !y1 z  
well z _! husb&s1 g5]ally cont5t        
!mselves )  hav+ five or six l>ge pots (
 wat] ?r[n ov] _! heads2 !  g5]ality (  
,europeans ord9>ily ba! 9 ?is way daily 
dur+ !  hot season2 &1 on "s occasions1 
ev5 ! pi\s ,h9du resorts to !  same     
dome/ic ablution2 ?\gh x is held f>     
inf]ior to imm]sion 9  ! ,ganges1 or 9  
su* /ream z %\ld1 by be+ )9 a reasonable
  di/ance1 preclude all pleas (         
inconv5i5ce4 ,bigots w (t5 travel       
sev]al miles to be lav$ by ! holy fluid2
 :ile o!rs w sc>cely  g z _m y>ds to    
enjoy t reput$ bless+4 ,all1 h[ev]1 mu/ 
con=m1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 to ! law2 & x  

is b ju/ice to say1  t1 :e!r ow+ to     
habit1 or to v5]ation1 ! numb] (        
trespasses  is v1 v limitt$4 ,we may    
suppose1 t1 9 s hot a climate1  ba?+ mu/
 be a luxury2 ?is %\ld be tak5 cum grano
 salis2 =1  at "s seasons1 ! wat]s are  
by no means invit+3 ,i h (t5 gone  into 
a ba? 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 :5 !        
s5sations 7 truly  pa9ful4              
,mahom$ans1 9 opul5t circum/ances1 &    
especially ^? ( rank1  g5]ally h ba?s   
l9$ ) m>ble1 or ) masonry1 9 "s private 
ap>tm5ts1 to :i* _! families c h        
imm$iate access4 ,^!  ba?s are sometimes
 furni%$ ) ! means ( hav+ wat] heat$ to 
any temp]ature2 z is inv>iably ! case ) 
all ! public ba?s to  be se5 at         
,calcutta1 & ! sev]al great cities      
?r\gh\t ! ,ea/4  ,^! ba?s1 :i* are call$
 hummums1 7:5ce we h d]iv$ !  t]m17 are 
extremely conv5i5t2 &1 if prop]ly us$1  
no less  conducive to heal?4 ,x is      
necess>y1 aft] quitt+ !m1 to be         
extremely cauti\s 9 all[+ access to !   
atmosph]ic temp]ature1 on  acc\nt ( !   

p]fect cleans+ giv5 to ! sk91 by !      
att5dants1  :o by means ( hautties1 7a  
k9d ( glove1 made ( hair1 or v  co>se   
wool17 br+ (f su* a quantity ( scurf z  
a/oni%es ^? :o  consid] !mselves to be v
 cleanly 9 _! p]sons4 ,^! m5 cause  e   
jo9t 9 ! ba!r's :ole frame to crack2    
!reby giv+1  sometimes1 no inconsid]able
 pa93 to ?is1 h[ev]1 ! natives are s    
fully accu/om$1 z to consid] x          
absolutely a luxury4 ,al?\gh !  hummums 
are mu* frequ5t$ by ,mahom$ans1 yet1 ,i 
believe1 !y are  *iefly support$ by !   
resort ( ,arm5ians1 ,greeks1            
,portugueze1 &  ,engli% g5tlem54    ,!  
wat]s ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/ are infe/$ by      
alligators ( an enorm\s  size2 ( :i*1 "s
 are mo/ sangu9>y depr$ators4 ,x (t5    
happ5s  t a ba!r is c>ri$ (f daily f a  
ghaut1 p]haps = a  =tnight 9 succession2
 :5 ! evil is put a /op to by "s lucky  
%ot1 :i* ei!r kills ! alligator1 or     
causes him to quit !  vic9ity4 ,su* is !
 fai? ent]ta9$ by all ! natives1 :e!r   
,mussulmans or ,h9dus1 reg>d+           

pr$e/9ation1 t1 al?\gh1 on su*          
occasions1 !y proce$ to ! ghaut ) obvi\s
 appreh5sion1 !y  all[ no int]mission to
 take place 9 ! ablution>y duties1 on   
acc\nt ( ^? depr$ations !y may h daily  
witness$ = "s  "t be=e4 ,?is species (  
absurdity may be discov]$1 9 a ?\s&     
%apes1 9 ! conduct ( pr$e/9>ians1 :o    
affect to believe 9 t  previ\s          
arrangem5t :i* r5d]s all human          
precaution unavail+4  ,^! p]sons1 at !  
same "t1 %ew great anxiety to h !       
alligator kill$2 consequ5tly1 may be    
fairly consid]$ z aim+ to  subv]t !     
ord9ations ( fate6    ,?\gh ! native    
wom5 reta9$ by ,european g5tlem5 v r>ely
  proce$ to ! riv]s to ba!1 b cont5t    
!mselves ) ei!r !  use ( a small ba? (  
masonry1 or ) pots ( wat]1 !y are1      
nev]!less1 extremely fond ( go+ abroad 9
 a palanqu91 or a  r'hut1 att5d$ by _!  
dhyes1 & ) ! guttah-tope1 or  cov]1 ( ! 
vehicle1 br\ght d[n close on all sides4 
,x c]ta9ly  w\ld be un*>itable to annex 
a bad motive1 z insep>able f all  su*   

excursions1 yet x may probably be       
consid]$ z a g5]al rule1  t su* ladies  
ei!r take ! air ) ! int5tion ( meet+ "s 
e/abli%$ gallant1 or t !y ultimately    
give way to ! flatt]y  & :isp]+s ( _!   
m5ials1 :o are r>ely pro( aga9/ a v     
mod]ate bribe1 & are frequ5tly kn[n to  
?r[ an admir]1 z ?\gh  accid5tally1 9 ! 
way ( ,madam's notice4    ,h[ev] recluse
 we may suppose ! ,h9do/anee ladies to  
be1 "s  all[ance mu/ be made = c]ta9    
amusem5ts peculi> to ,india1 9  :i* !y  
indulge4 ,! acceptance & transmission ( 
complim5ts &  civilities1 af=d no small 
gratification2 ! arrival1 or despat*1 ( 
a complim5t>y pawn1 7beetle17 or ( an   
elauhee1 7c>damom17 be+  matt]s (       
consid]able importance1 among a race ^: 
:ole "t may be  said to be devot$ to    
:atev] is *ildi% or insignificant4 ,:5  
visits  are paid1 mu* c]emony is us$1 & 
e endeavor is ex]t$1 on  ei!r "p1 to    
appe> well-br$ & affable2 on su*        
occasions1 a  pr(usion ( complim5ts are 
ex*ang$1 :ile ea* n>r[ly obs]ves !      

dress1 ! equipage1 & ! conduct ( ! o!r1 
b res]ves h]  obs]vations until a free  
v5t may be giv5 to envy & jeal\sy2 n    
=gett+ a little sc&al4    ,"s ladies    
affect to possess a musical e>1 &       
ex]cise n only _!  own lungs1 b ^? ( _! 
att5dants also1 9 vocif]at+ v>i\s       
common-place songs1 accompany+ _!       
captivat+ /ra9s )  trem5d\s ?umps on a  
l>ge long drum1 call$ a dhole2 or p]haps
  %ew+ ! agility ( _! f+]s 9 play+ ^u a 
v small k9d  ( tamb\r9e1 call$ a        
coonj]ry4 ,woe be to t k9d-keep] :o     
%\ld diss5t f ! fair "o's op9ion1 reg>d+
 ei!r !  excell5ce ( h] p]=mance1 or !  
pleas+ tones ( ! in/rum5ts6  ,:]e ?is   
infatuation exi/s1 ! :ole neighb\rhood  
is compell$ to  submit to ! nuisance4   
,!re w\ld be no use 9 remon/rat+ ) !    
lady1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( h] s]vants3 & z to
 p>ley+ ) !  g5tleman on su* a subject1 
t w\ld give great (f5ce2 or1 at all     
ev5ts1 w\ld be unavail+4 ,! man :o      
submits to su* an upro>1 #8=  ! sake ( a
 quiet life'1 may be consid]$ a liv+    

illu/ration (  ,%akespe>e's ludicr\s1 b 
mo/ :olesome lesson1--#8,! ewe t w  n   
he> its lamb :5 x bleats1 w nev] att5d  
to a calf :5 x  baes4' ,9 tru?1 "s ( ^! 
ladies ride ^u v high horses1 &  keep ! 
:ip-h& mo/ manfully6 a circum/ance we   
%\ld by no means  expect1 aft] he>+1    
p]haps1 t _! respective names 7         
#8,*embayly'1 7jasm9e17 #8,golaub'1     
7rose-wat]17 #8,misc]y'1  7sug>17       
#8,gool-beegum'1 7que5 ( roses17        
#8,meevah-,jehan'1 7! fruit  ( life37   
?\gh1 p]haps1 ^? kn[n by ! "n (         
#8,soorooj'1  7i4e4 ! sun17 might lay   
claim to "s au?ority1 )\t act+ s        
grossly 9 opposition to _! nom5clature4 
,:5 we consid] ! v sev]e privation      
exp]i5c$ by females 9  g5]al1 7= our    
c\ntry-wom5 (t5 affect to adopt !       
recluse  sev]ities ( ! h>am27 x _c appe>
 surpriz+1 t "y  girls s immur$1 9 su* a
 climate1 s indulg$ occasionally1 & s   
beset ) bawds1 %\ld all[ !mselves to be 
l$ a/ray f :at ,i  mu/1 p]haps          
errone\sly1 call #8! ways ( *a/ity4' ,i 

am aw>e1 t  ! t]m may (f5d _m1 :o       
consid] ! female z be+ already 9 a  /ate
 ( pro/itution2 b due all[ance mu/ be   
made = ! usages (  ! c\ntry4 ,9 ,india1 
a woman #8"u ! protection' ( an         
,european  g5tleman1 is acc\nt$1 n only 
among ! natives1 b ev5 by 8  c\ntrym51  
to be equally sacr$1 z ?\gh %e 7 m>ri$  
to him2 &  ! woman h]self1 values h]    
reputation1 exactly 9 proportion z %e   
may h refra9$ f indulg+ 9 v>iety3 "s are
 said to h  pass$ tw5ty ye>s1 or m1 )\t 
! possibility = sc&al to  atta* to _!   
conduct4 ,we might fur!r take into      
consid]ation1 t1  ev5 accord+ to !      
,mahom$an law1 !re are v>i\s degrees (  
connubial atta*m5t1 f ! /ricte/1 & mo/  
=mal1 union1 d[n  to :at we %\ld call a 
v loose k9d ( left-h&$ m>riage4 ,^!     
are1 h[ev]1 sanction$ by t law1 if p]=m$
 accord+ to enjo9$  c]emonies4    ,n[1 !
 great] "p1 we may say n9e 9 t51 ( ^? :o
 domiciliate  ) ,europeans1 be+         
,mussulmans1 &1 9 _m cases1 v scrupul\s 
9  ! obs]vance ( :atev] =ms are orda9$  

respect+ vi&s1  contact1 ablution1 c41 x
 may be reasonably conclud$1 t !y r     
deem !mselves to be unit$ accord+ to a  
tol]at$ ext5sion ( !  =ego+ lic5ces1 ?an
 z reta9$ pro/itutes4 ,!re=e1 :5 we     
consid] receiv$ op9ions1 & local        
peculi>ities1 we may admit1 t1  ev5 9   
:at we t]m concub9age1 !re may be "s    
traits exempt+  individuals f be+       
conf\nd$ among t mass ( pro/itution1 (  
:i* we are apt to =m our judgm5ts by :at
 we see ( t depravity1  f :i* x appe>s  
to be1 among ,europeans1 ne>ly          
insep>able6  ,)\t at all ent]+ ^u !     
def5ce ( :atev] may be inhibit$ by  !   
,*ri/ian religion1 or be inimical to t  
sup]iority s ju/ly  yield$ by society at
 l>ge1 z well z by ! legislature1 to    
m>ri$  wom51 x may be p]mitt$ me to /ate
 a few matt]s :i* w1 9 !  m9ds ( !      
lib]al1 appe> to be "s excuse = :at     
might else be  deem$ libid9\s1 or       
lic5ti\s4 ,! numb] ( ,european wom5 to  
be  f\nd 9 ,b5gal1 & its dep5d5cies1 _c 
am\nt to two hundr$ &  fifty1 :ile !    

,european male inhabitants (            
respectability1 includ+  milit>y (fic]s1
 may be tak5 at ab\t f\r ?\s&4 ,! case  
speaks  = itself2 =1 ev5 if dispos$ to  
m>ry1 ! latt] h n !  means4 ,x is easy  
en\gh to say1 t if m>riages 7 m frequ5t 
9  ,india1 m ladies w\ld adv5ture ?i!r2 
b ! imp$im5ts t  /& 9 ! way ( #8a       
consummation dev\tly to be wi%$1' w n be
  f\nd to yield s readily to our        
desires4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood1 t  !      
g5]ality ( "y ladies1 ?\gh !y may       
c]ta9ly comply )  ! w ( _! p>5ts1 are by
 no means p>tial to visit+ ,india4  ,!  
out-fit is n a trifle3 no lady c be l&$ 
!re1 "u  respectable circum/ances       
?r\gh\t1 = less ?an five hundr$ p\nds4  
,!n1 aga91 %e %\ld h fri5ds to receive  
h]2 = %e _c else  obta9 ev5 a lodg+1 or 
! means ( procur+ subsi/5ce4 ,x is n  l 
a trip1 p] hoy1 to ,m>gate1 :]e no?+ b a
 well-l9$ purse  is requisite2 & :]e1 if
 y d n meet ) fri5ds1 y may easily  =m  
acqua9tances4 ,fur!r1 "s all[ance mu/ be
 made = !  climate2 :i* by no means     

suits e con/itution1 & inv>iably        
oppresses all ^: m9ds are ill at ease1  
or :o h n ! means (  )/&+ t influ5ce1 s 
p>ticul>ly ho/ile to p]sons newly       
import+ f ,europe4    ,let u1 h[ev]1    
suppose all ^! ?+s to be done2 & t "s   
wor?y dame welcomes ! fair adv5tur] to  
h] h\se1 ) ! fri5dly  int5tion ( af=d+  
an asylum1 until "s /ray ba*elor may be>
  away ! prize4 ,we h kn[n "s in/ances (
 ?is1 &1 9  p>ticul>1 ( a lady mak+ x1 9
 a mann]1 h] /udy to repl5i% h]         
hospitable mansion ) objects ( ?is      
description2 !reby acquir+  ! invidi\s1 
or s>ca/ic1 designation ( #8,"m ,c\pl]'4
 ,b su*  *>act]s are r>e2 & x g5]ally   
happ5s1 t ^? :o h !  w1 d n possess !   
means1 ( ?us r5d]+ ! mo/ ess5tial (     
s]vices to "y wom51 :o1 we may fairly   
say1 are1 9 ?is case1  transport$ to    
,india1 !re to take _! *ance6 ,t sev]al 
h be5  ?us s5t1 or1 h ?us adv5tur$1 r\nd
 ! ,cape1 _c be d5i$2  9 any o!r c\ntry 
!y w\ld h exp]i5c$ ! mo/ poignant       
di/ress1 bo? ( body & ( m9d2 b1 su* has 

ev] be5 !  lib]ality ev9c$ t[>ds ?is    
class ( un=tunate p]sons1 t1 9  mo/     
in/ances1 prompt1 & effectual1 relief1  
has be5 adm9i/]$4 ,x  w\ld be easy to   
adduce cases1 :]e9 ! mo/ b\ntiful       
subscriptions  h be5 made 9 behalf (    
ladies2 :o1 by obey+ ! summons (        
husb&s1 or ( p>5ts1 h1 on arriv+ 9 !    
riv]1 f\nd  !mselves to be wid[s1 or    
orphans6 ,surely1 :]e ^! di/ress+  ev5ts
 are by no means uncommon1 !re w ev]    
exi/ a c]ta9  reluctance1 ev5 among su* 
z may h relatives 9 ,india3 a reluctance
  :i* w r>ely be decreas$ by !          
additional consid]ation1 t1  :5 ! vessel
 may arrive1 ! p>5t1 c41 ?\gh alive1 may
 be full a  ?\s& miles di/ant f !       
metropolis1 & be unable to rea* x  "u   
two or ?ree mon?s6 ,"h we see =midable  
objections aga9/ a  lady's proce$+ to   
,india2 b "o1 n less p[]ful1 rema9s to  
be  /at$1 namely1 ! imm5se exp5ce ev]   
att5dant ^u w$lock 9 t  qu>t]4 ,su* is !
 encrease ( dome/ics1 ( cloa?+1 (       
accommodation &1 p>ticul>ly1 9 keep+ a  

c>riage1 )\t :i* no  com=t c be expect$1
 t x is utt]ly beyond ! means ( full    
f\r p]sons 9 five to receive an         
,european lady into _! h\ses4 ,ev5  on a
 p5uri\s scale1 ! diff]5ce w am\nt to   
full ?ree hundr$  p\nds ye>ly2 b if1 z  
is c]ta9ly desirable1 x be conduct$ on a
  m appropriate foot+1 d\ble t sum mu/  
be all[$4 ,add to ?is1  ! p]emptory     
necessity t exi/s1 = s5d+ e *ild to     
,europe  at a v e>ly age2 ! exp5ce ( :i*
 is nev] to be comput$ "u  a hundr$ &   
fifty p\nds4 ,to complete ! difficulties
 att5dant on  ! occasion1 x is a ?\s& to
 "o1 b1 t1 at ! end ( a few  ye>s1 ! "m 
is compell$1 by ^? peculi> infirmities  
insep>able f h] situation 9 t climate1  
to accompany h] infants  to ,europe2 !re
 to seek ! re/oration ( heal?1 & to     
console  h]self among h] little (fspr+1 
until ! fa!r may1  not)/&+ ^? heavy     
dem&s creat$ by ! wants ( 8 family1  be 
able to save suffici5t money to repair  
to ! objects ( 8  affection4 ,?is is no 
exagg]ation3 x is to be witness$        

annually2 &  may be se5 att5d$ ) ! mo/  
di/ress+ effects to mo/  m]itori\s      
individuals1 :o un=tunately all[ love to
 walk 9 at !  door1 )\t obs]v+ t pov]ty 
is tread+ ^u h] tra94    ,i tru/ ?is    
detail w conv9ce1 ev5 ! sceptic1 t      
matrimony is  n s practicable 9 ,india z
 9 ,europe2 & t1 7unless1 inde$1  among 
^? platonic few ^: passions are         
unnaturally ob$i5t17 is  impossible = ! 
g5]ality ( ,european inhabitants to act 
9 exact  con=mity ) ^? excell5t         
doctr9es1 :i* tea* u to avoid           
#8=nication1 & all o!r deadly s9s4' ,!re
 are c]ta9 situations1  & times1 9 :i* !
 law mu/ be suff]$ to sleep2 s9ce its   
en=cem5t w\ld nei!r be easy nor wise3   
su* is ! in/ance n[  be=e u4 ,%\ld x be 
argu$1 t1 r ?an reta9 a concub9e1 x  7 m
 prop] to m>ry a native ( ,india1 ,i mu/
 !n adduce !  great disc\ragem5t wisely 
held out by gov]nm5t aga9/ su* a        
practice2 obs]v+1 t ! ,c\rt ( ,directors
 long ago set _!  faces aga9/ !         
transmission ( native orphans1 7i4e4 ^? 

born (  native mo!rs17 &1 t !y all[ no  
native ( ,india to be tak5 z  a pass5g] 
on bo>d any vessel proce$+ to ,engl&1   
)\t a deposit  ( #ejj sicca rupees1 or  
security to t am\nt1 le/ ! p>ty %\ld    
become a bur!n to ! ,company4 ,fur!r1 no
 lady1 native ( ,india1 ev5  ?\gh h]    
fa!r %\ld h be5 ( ! highe/ rank 9 !     
,k+'s or  ,company's s]vice1 & ?\gh %e  
be m>ri$ to a p]son ( t  description1 is
 ev] invit$ to ^? assemblies giv5 by !  
gov]nor  on public occasions4 ,h5ce1 su*
 wom51 :atev] may be _! m]its1  come "u 
! c5sure ( public *>act]s1 &1 ( c\rse1  
are 9 a  mann] proscrib$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1  
does n ext5d to ! ,european  soldi]y1 :o
 are all[$ to m>ry native wom52 _m ( :om
 conduct  !mselves1 :5 ?us situat$1 9 ! 
mo/ unexceptionable mann]4  ,:e!r m>ri$1
 or n1 ea* soldi] is g5]ally provid$ ) a
  companion1 :o takes c>e ( 8 l951 aids 
9 clean+ 8  acc\trem5ts1 dresses 8 hair1
 & sometimes proves no bad h& at a      
be>d6 ,^! doxies d1 c]ta9ly1 n[ & !n1   
kick up a fam\s r[  9 ! b>racks2 b1 on !

 :ole1 may be consid]$ highly           
s]viceable2 especially dur+ illness1 at 
:i* "t _! att5dance  is invaluable4     
,v few ,european wom5 are to be se5 ) ! 
regim5ts 9 ,india2 su*  z adv5ture ?i!r1
 soon fall victims to ! climate1 :i*    
no?+  b ! mo/ vigor\s con/itutions1     
back$ by temp]ance & uncommon  prud5ce1 
c enable ! sex to resi/4 ,h5ce1 ! few t 
survive1  ?\gh !y pres5t r a mascul9e   
appe>ance1 f9d x exp$i5t to  conf9e     
!mselves mu* )9 ! b>racks2 keep+ out ( !
 sun1 &  avoid+ ! use ( /rong liquors4  
,! *ildr5 ( su* wom5 usually  prove     
rem>kably h>dy2 :]eas1 ! issue ( an     
,european fa!r by a  native woman1 is   
usually ( an effem9ate1 weakly          
con/itution1 & ( a  disposition by no   
means entitl$ to comm5dation4    ,x is  
peculi>ly un=tunate1 t a v great portion
 ( ^!  creoles1 me/ees1 or :at n1 _c be 
provid$ = 9 "s mann]  s]viceable to !   
/ate4 ,_! numb]s are consid]able1       
especially (  females1 :o are all[$ to  
rema9 ) ! orphan in/itution1 (t5 to  a v

 mature age3 "s are1 to be sure1 dispos$
 ( 9 s]vices1 :]e  !y become att5dants1 
or ladies' maids1 9 respectable         
families2 b1  = ! mo/ "p1 no c]ta9      
provision is made = !m4 ,probably x is  
ow+ to reflection1 z mu* z to _! arriv+ 
at pub]ty1 t s  _m ( ^! un=tunate girls 
become insane4 ,?is does n occur among  
! boys2 :o are ei!r appr5tic$ to "s good
 bus9ess1 if ( !  upp] s*ool1 79 :i*    
only ! *ildr5 ( (fic]s are admitt$17 or1
  if ( ! l[] s*ool1 7:]e9 ! *ildr5 ( !  
non-commission$  & privates are br\ght  
up17 are draught$1 at a prop] age1 to ! 
sev]al regim5ts1 bo? native & ,european1
 !re to s]ve z drumm]s  & fif]s4 ,:ile  
^u ! subject1 ,i %all (f] to my read]s !
  outl9e ( ! ,orphan ,in/itution1 n[ s  
intimately bl5d$ ) !  milit>y           
e/abli%m5ts ?r\gh\t ,india1 t ! ,company
 make x a  "p ( _! regulations1 = all   
p]sons admitt$ into _! milit>y  s]vice1 
to become1 ipso facto1 subscrib]s to !  
orphan fund4    ,?is *>itable           
in/itution1 :i* does s+ul> honor to !   

,company's  army1 owes its orig9 to !   
assiduity ( a few (fic]s1 :o1 9 #aghb1  
fram$ a code1 f\nd$ ^u ! result (       
volunt>y subscription1 =  mak+ due      
provision = ! *ildr5 ( su* (fic]s z     
might demise1  )\t leav+ suffici5t      
prop]ty to provide = _! *ildr51  :e!r   
legitimate or o!rwise4 ,among ! g5tlem5 
:o sugge/$ ?is  und]tak+1 ! pres5t      
,colonel ,william ,kirkpatrick 0        
conspicu\s3 he  0 at t "t secret>y to ! 
late ,g5]al ,giles ,/ibb]t1 :o !n       
comm&$ ! ,b5gal army1 & aid$ !          
in/itution by e public  means1 z well z 
by 8 private influ5ce & b\nty4    ,!    
foll[+ 7 among ! prelim9>y articles4    
#8#a/4 ,t ea*  subalt]n1 & assi/ant     
surgeon1 contribute mon?ly ! sum ( ?ree 
rupees2 ea* capta91 & surgeon1 six      
rupees2 & ea* major1 n9e  rupees4'      
#8#b;dly4 ,t1 to prev5t difficulty &    
exp5ce 9 ! collections1 z  well z to    
secure _! am\nt aga9/ all accid5ts1 !   
(fic]s d  cons5t1 irrevocably1 to !     
d$uction ( ! specifi$ contributions  f  

_! mon?ly pay4'    #8#d?4 ,t a gov]nor1 
deputy-gov]nor1 & twelve manag]s1 be    
appo9t$ to conduct ! bus9ess ( !        
society4'    #8#ab?4 ,t no orphan be    
admitt$ on ! f\ndation1 :o %all be      
possess$ by inh]itance1 beque/1 or      
o!rwise1 ( a sum exce$+  #e1jjj sicca   
rupees4' 7#dbe47    #8l#c?4 ,t !        
tru/ees1 or gu>dians1 ( all orphans mak+
  application = _! admission on !       
f\ndation1 be requir$ to make           
affidavit1 be=e a ju/ice ( ! peace1 t\*+
 ! true am\nt or  value ( ! monies1 or  
e/ate1 :i* !y hold 9 tru/ = su*         
orphans2 to ! end1 t ! managem5t1       
besides be+ satisfi$ t  !y are prop]    
objects = ! in/itution1 may be enabl$ to
 judge  :at assi/ance !y w ne$ f !      
society1 :51 _! education  be+ complet$1
 ! p]iod %all arrive = settl+ !m 9 ! _w3
  ^! affidavits to be transmitt$ to !   
managem5t1 along ) !  application =     
admission4'    #8#ae?4 ,t all orphans n[
 9 ! c\ntry1 com+ "u ! description  set 
=?1 be admitt$ on ! f\ndation1 s soon z 

! managem5t may  judge ! /ate ( ! fund  
equal to _! ma9t5ance4'    #8#ai?4 ,t ! 
orphans be assembl$ toge!r at !         
presid5cy1 ei!r  9 "o or m h\ses1 z !   
managem5t %all f9d necess>y2 &1 t  prop]
 s]vants be appo9t$ to att5d !m4'       
#8#be?4 ,t1 on ! female orphans atta9+ !
 age ( twelve1 !y be  plac$ appr5tices  
to cr$itable mill9]s1 mantua-mak]s1     
/ay-mak]s  or o!rwise1 z ! managem5t1 or
 _! ag5ts1 %all det]m9e2 &1  t1 aft]    
s]v+ _! "t1 !y %all obta9 f ! society ! 
necess>y help t[>ds enabl+ !m to set up 
9 bus9ess4 ,t %\ld  !y1 at ! p]iod ( _! 
engag+ 9 bus9ess1 be dispos$ to ent]    
into ! matrimonial /ate1 !y %all be     
fur!r entitl$ to receive  su* m>riage   
portions1 or d[ries1 z ! managem5t1 or  
_! ag5ts  9 ,engl&1 7^: approbation ( ! 
connexion %all be previ\sly  yield$17   
may ?9k prop] to grant4' ,9 ! ye> #aghi1
 x 0 resolv$1  t #8:5 ! orphan daught]s 
( (fic]s1 "u ! protection ( !  society1 
are address$ by p]sons 9 indep5d5t      
circum/ances1 su*  p]sons be requir$ to 

make a settlem5t1 z a condition2 )\t :i*
  ! manag]s' cons5t is n to be giv51 ev5
 if ! (f] %\ld be1  9 o!r respects1     
unexceptionable4'    ,not)/&+ !         
in/itution 0 plac$ "u ! guidance &      
control ( m5 highly respectable1 &      
p]fectly qualifi$ = !  *>ge1 & t ! :ole 
( ! (fic]s1 7) ! exception (1 ,i        
believe1 n m ?an six17 subscrib$ t[>ds  
its support1 ! object  w\ld h be5       
defeat$1 _h n ! ,company contribut$     
lib]ally  t[>ds its effici5cy2 &1 aft]  
all1 x w\ld mo/ c]ta9ly h  be5 subject1 
ei!r to dim9ution1 or1 ev5tually1 to    
bankruptcy1 ab\t  ! ye> #agif1 _h n !   
army be5 newly modell$1 & an imm5se     
addition be5 made to ! funds1 by an     
unprec$5t$ promotion & !  asc5t ( !     
sup]ior ranks to subscribe 9 proportion 
to _! pay3  o!rwise1 all above ! rank ( 
major w\ld h be5 exempt4 ,!  ,company   
_h1 9 =m] times1 all[$ = ea* *ild born  
to an ,european  soldi]1 ! sum ( five   
rupees mon?ly2 b t indulg5ce 01 at "o   
p]iod1 :olly done away3 aft]w>ds1 :5 !  

in/itution 0 ext5d$  to !               
non-commission$ & privates1 ?ree rupees 
7 all[$ mon?ly  = e *ild reta9$ ) !     
p>5ts1 accord+ to ! lib]ty  grant$ (    
reta9+ !m until complet+ _! ?ird ye>2   
aft]  :i*1 !y 7 p]emptorily tak5 to !   
l[] s*ool1 :]e !y 7  at fir/ all[$ = by 
! ,company at ! rate ( ?ree rupees1 b   
subsequ5tly at five rupees ea*1 p]      
m5sem4 ,x is n easy to describe  ^?     
affect+ sc5es :i* pres5t !mselves1 :5 ! 
*ildr5 are  tak5 f _! p>5ts1 9 ord] to  
be s5t to ! f\ndation6 ,x is  true1 !   
latt] "k full well t e ju/ice w be done 
to _!  (fspr+1 & !y _c b express _! s5se
 ( ! k9d int5tion  ( _! b5efactors2 b1  
to "p f a *ild1 :atev] may be its       
complexion1 is a mo/ pa9ful /ruggle     
betwe5 duty & nature6 ,i h  repeat$ly   
witness$ ! di/ress ( mo!rs1 on su*      
occasions1 &  lam5t$ t ! case admitt$ ( 
nei!r consolation nor relief6    ,! good
 policy ( mak+ "s provision = ! *ildr5 (
 !  soldi]y1 is indisputably good2 !y   
c\ld n1 ) propriety1 be s5t  to ,europe1

 bo? because ! exp5ce w\ld be           
disproportionate to !  means ( _! p>5ts2
 &1 t1 9 "t1 a v ext5sive importation  (
 p]sons ( color w\ld take place among u4
 ,! boys are n[ amply  provid$ =2 b !   
situation ( ! girls is truly lam5table4 
,x is  wond]ful1 t ! ,society h nev]    
e/abli%$ any factory1 9 :i*  _! m9ds1 z 
well z _! h&s1 c\ld be employ$1 :ile _! 
ma9t5ance w\ld be paid = by ! produce ( 
_! indu/ry4 ,! only  argum5t ,i ev] c\ld
 he> urg$ aga9/ su* a measure1 01 t !   
price ( labor be+ s *eap ?r\gh\t ,india1
 !re c\ld arise b  little pr(it f !     
ex]tions ( ! orphans4 ,my oppon5ts =got1
  t :]e labor is *eap1 provisions mu/ be
 *eap also2 consequ5tly1  t1 "u prop]   
guidance1 en\gh might be e>n$ to defray 
!  exp5ce ( provision = ! :ole          
e/abli%m5t4 ,i am confid5t1 t1  if !    
refuse1 or f]ret clo?s1 manufactur$ = ! 
,company1 7 to  be h&$ ov]1 9 su*       
quantities z might be 9 dem&1 to !      
female  orphans1 = ! purpose ( be+ work$
 up into we>+ app>el1 su*  z %irts1     

"u-%irts1 draw]s1 pocket-h&k]*iefs1 neck
 ditto1  upp] & "u wai/coats1           
small-cloa?s1 c4 !re w\ld always be s   
ext5sive a sale1 especially among ! l[] 
classes ( inhabitants1 !  sea-f>+ p1 & !
 fre% arrivals f ,europe1 t no /ock     
w\ld rema9 on h&4 ,x is a notori\s fact1
 t if raw silk1 aft]  be+ w\nd (f f !   
cocoons1 or pods1 7 to be giv5 to !     
orphans to f9i%1 & to reel prop]ly = !  
,europe m>ket1 !re  w\ld be an imm5se   
sav+ bo? ( ! article itself1 & ( !      
exp5ces 9 e "p ( ! adv5ture2 :ile !     
in/itution c\ld n  fail to d]ive ! mo/  
solid advantages4 ,to prove ?is1 look at
 !  numb] ( mills e/abli%$ 9 v>i\s p>ts 
( ,engl&1 = prep>+  raw silk = ! ?r[/]1 
c43 9 all ^!1 a portion ( refuse is     
f\nd2 on :i*1 h[ev]1 z well z on !      
p]fect quantity1 a v  heavy duty has be5
 paid1 :]eby ! commodity is consid]ably 
enhanc$  9 price1 )\t be+ a b5efit to ! 
m]*ant2 :o is1 inde$1  r injur$1 by !   
necessity he is "u ( dem&+ m = 8        
fabrics1 & ?us1 ei!r det]r+ pur*as]s    

altoge!r1 ( enabl+  ! trad]s ( o!r      
c\ntries to "u-sell him4    ,b1 9       
,calcutta1 a city c>ry+ on s l>ge a     
trade1 surely !re mu/  be an inf9ite    
v>iety ( speculations op5 to ! *oice ( !
  managem5t3 ! light] classes ( sails = 
! %ipp+ & small  craft1 ! mak+ (        
hammocks1 b$d+s1 c41 dresses = pati5ts 9
  ! hospitals1 %eets1 pill[-cases1      
book-b9d+ to a c]ta9 ext5t1  & a numb] (
 o!r employm5ts1 might be p]emptorily   
claim$1 z  exclusive privileges = !     
orphans4 ,let x n be said1 t su*  w\ld  
int]f]e ) ! natives foll[+ simil>       
pr(essions2 on !  contr>y1 let u        
endeavor to h our :ole e/abli%m5t1 ( e  
description1 exempt$ f _! aid1 or       
int]f]5ce4 ,i w\ld h  e c>tridge-case1 &
 ! great] "p ( ! army cloa?+1  toge!r ) 
all1 except+ ! lea!r1 & heavy canvas-"w 
(  t5ts1 p]=m$ at ! orphan s*ool2 !     
,company mak+ due  remun]ation = ! "w   
?us p]=m$4 ,! fact lies 9 a nut-%ell6   
,if1 ) su* ext5sive conc]ns1 requir+ s  
mu* manual labor1 !  ,company d n give  

employ to five or six hundr$ girls1 f   
?ree to  tw5ty ye>s ( age1 ! fault mu/  
assur$ly lie r among !  managem5t ?an ) 
,gov]nm5t2 to :i* ! mak+ "s provision = 
! ma9t5ance ( t portion ( ! e/abli%m5t  
dep5dant entirely  ^u ! ,company =      
support1 mu/ be a desid]atum3 x c only  
require  to be po9t$ out1 to insure bo? 
acquiesc5ce & enc\ragem5t4    ,! ,c\rt (
 ,directors v prud5tly object$ to "s ( !
 orig9al  articles1 :]e9 ! f\nd]s appe> 
to h be5 r too sangu9e1  & to h waiv$   
sev]al consid]ations ( a political      
nature4 ,?us1  ! ,company decl9$ to     
w>rant admission into _! s]vice ( su*   
boys z might appe> eligible z cadets2 ! 
measure 0 incompatible  ) ! patronage ( 
! ,c\rt2 &1 be+ indef9itely express$1   
w\ld h subject$ ! ,company to a pl$ge1 t
 ev5 ! sons ( !  native wom5 might be   
consid]$ eligible4 ,x 01 !re=e1 prud5tly
  resolv$1 t #8! *ildr5 to be s5t to    
,europe = education1 %\ld  be !         
legitimate (fspr+ ( ,european p>5ts     
only4'    ,! sal>ies ( ! sev]al p]sons  

employ$ 9 ! *>ge ( ^? on  ! f\ndation1  
are munific5t4 ,! h\se at ,kidd]pore1   
ab\t a mile  & a half f ,=t-,william1 is
 paid = at ! rate ( #fge4 p]  annum1 & !
 mon?ly disbursem5ts = s*ool-ma/]s &    
mi/resses1  ) _! assi/ants1 & ! sev]al  
s]vants employ$ ab\t !  premises1 9     
v>i\s capacities1 am\nt to full l#b1jjj4
 ye>ly4 ,!  *ildr5 are bo>d$ at ! foll[+
 rates3 ,! sons ( (fic]s at  ab\t #ad4  
ye>ly1 on av]age2 ! daught]s ( (fic]s at
 ab\t !  same rate2 ! ma/] & mi/ress    
hav+1 respectively1 always a  c]ta9     
numb] daily at _! own tables4 ,! *ildr5 
(  non-commission$ (fic]s & soldi]s are 
ma9ta9$ at an av]age  exp5ce1 = diet1 ( 
ab\t #e4 ea*4 ,! secret>y is all[$ #dej4
 =  sal>y1 h\se-r5t1 c&les1 &1 o!r petty
 *>ges4    ,) respect to mak+ provision 
= ! sons ( (fic]s1 !re seems  b little  
d\bt3 ! great encrease ( m]cantile      
e/abli%m5ts 9  ,calcutta1 & 9 g5]al     
?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 has op5$ a wide field 
= ! employm5t ( numb]s conv]sant ) !    
,h9dui & ,b5gallee  languages1 7:i* !   

orphans acquire habitually17 & ) common 
acc\nts4 ,x is to be lam5t$1 t s few1 if
 any1 are s5t on bo>d  ! pilot-s*oon]s1 
accord+ to a clause 9 ! orig9al         
in/itution1  or z mates on bo>d !       
c\ntry-trad]s4 ,!y c]ta9ly w\ld be f>   
bett] qualifi$1 = su* situations1 ?an   
,europeans1 :o are totally  ignorant ( !
 v]nacul> tongue1 & ^: con/itutions are 
by no  means s well adapt$ to ! climate4
 ,) respect to plac+ creoles (  any     
description 9 au?ority1 :e!r civil or   
milit>y1 !re c be  b "o op9ion2 s9ce _! 
admission1 into ei!r ! "o or !  o!r1    
c\ld n fail to less5 t respect1 &       
def]5ce1 :i* ought  mo/ /udi\sly to be  
exact$1 on e occasion1 f ! natives (  e 
rank4    ,! exp5ces att5dant ^u s5d+    
*ildr5 f ,india to ,europe1 are  v      
consid]able3 few comm&]s ( ,indiam5 w   
take a *ild = less  ?an #hjj sicca      
rupees1 equal to #ajj42 &1 ev5 !n1 "s   
att5dant  mu/ be provid$1 ^: passage w  
probably am\nt to z mu* m4  ,! be/ mode 
is1 = sev]al p>5ts to hire a small cab9 

betwe5  decks1 & to s5d a woman 9 *>ge (
 _! unit$ families1 to !  numb]1 p]haps1
 ( five or six little ones2 all ( :om   
may be ?us  duly att5d$1 at f> less     
exp5ce ?an if ea* 7 s5t "u a  sep>ate   
*>ge4 ,few ,europeans' *ildr5 are kept 9
 ,india beyond _!  ?ird or f\r? ye>2 & x
 is g5]ally an object t ! small-pox1  or
 vacc9ation1 ! measles1 & ! hoop+-c\gh1 
%\ld h be5  pass$ previ\s to emb>kation2
 le/ infection %\ld take place on  bo>d1
 9 consequ5ce ( ! seam51 c41 hav+ be5   
among p]sons  labor+ "u ^? compla9ts4 ,x
 is1 inde$1 likewise a matt] (  policy1 
consid]+ ! heavy exp5ce1 & ! tr\ble     
att5dant1 to  h all ^? dang]\s diseases 
out ( ! way1 previ\s to %ipp+  ! *ildr5 
= ,engl&2 :]e !y might else1 on l&+1 be 
c>ri$  (f by !m1 ?us r5d]+ all _! p>5ts'
 anxiety1 & possibly  _! ill-sp>$       
disbursem5ts1 ( no avail4    ,vacc9ation
 0 expect$ to h made a v p[]ful         
impression on !  ,h9dus1 :o1 x 0        
suppos$1 w\ld eag]ly embrace a prev5tive
 aris+  f t animal1 held s sacr$ by _!  

:ole sect4 ,x 01  nev]!less1 f\nd       
extremely difficult to induce ! ,bram9s 
to adopt a  practice obvi\sly s         
b5eficial to mank9d1 al?\gh ! latitude 0
  !reby giv5 !m ( augm5t+ ! attributes (
 _! idol1 & to  claim a pref]5ce 9 its  
behalf1 ev5 ov] ! :ole ( ! ,*ri/ian  _w4
 ,^? :o 7 sangu9e 9 _! expectations1 (  
vacc9ation  be+ in/antly adopt$ among ! 
,h9dus at l>ge1 _h entirely =got1  t ! p
 did n possess ! smalle/ lib]ty1 ei!r ( 
consci5ce1 or ( conduct3 !y =got t !    
prie/hood _h become  possess$ ( ! mo/   
arbitr>y p[]1 ov] ! m9ds ( _! peaceful  
& timid communicants2 &1 t ! practice ( 
inoculation 0  prescriptively conf9$ to 
t prie/hood3 fur!r1 t1  not)/&+ !       
v5]ation 9 :i* ! c[ 0 held among !m1 a  
s]i\s objection exi/$1 on acc\nt ( !    
matt] be+ tak5 f any  b a ,h9du ( !     
highe/ ca/4    ,! vacc9e inoculation 0  
effect$ ) great difficulty 9 ,india2 an 
imm5se numb] ( exp]im5ts fail$1 *iefly  
ow+ to ! virus  hav+ be5 de/roy$ on !   
way f ,con/ant9ople1 :5ce matt] 0       

repeat$ly =w>d$ by ,"l ,elg9 to ,dr4    
,%ort1 at ,bagdad4 ,a :ole ye>  0 pass$ 
"u ! mo/ mortify+ disappo9tm5ts2 b 9    
,june1 #ahjb1  a successful inoculation 
0 made at ,bombay1 on a heal?y *ild1    
ab\t  ?ree ye>s ( age2 :i* furni%$ a    
supply = e port ( ,india4 ,by  %ipp+    
sev]al *ildr51 :o _h nev] exp]i5c$ !    
v>iol\s  inoculation1 a succession (    
subjects 0 happily secur$1 :i* enabl$   
,dr4 ,&]son to transmit ! bless+s af=d$ 
by ?is mitigat$  disease1 ev5 to ,port  
,jackson4 ,! greate/ appreh5sions       
ent]ta9$1  arose f ! dang] ( n be+      
always provid$ ) a succession (         
infective matt]2 = x 0 soon discov]$1 t 
! virus 0  highly volatile1 & (t5 made  
its escape 9 convey+ ! pus f  "o h\se to
 ano!r4 ,?is1 add$ to ! necessity1 :i*  
soon became  app>5t1 = ! =mation ( "s   
dept1 & = ! e/abli%m5t (  c]ta9         
pr9ciples necess>y t[>ds ! desir$       
success1 caus$ !  ,gov]nor-,g5]al to    
nom9ate ,mr4 ,william ,russell1 ( !     
,b5gal ,m$ical  ,li/1 ^: abilities &    

zeal peculi>ly qualifi$ him1 to !       
important situation ( ,sup]9t5dant ( !  
,vacc9e ,in/itution4 ,a  s]ies ( ill    
heal?1 :i* ultimately compell$ t        
g5tleman to  return to ,europe1 caus$ ! 
records ( ! fir/ mon?s to be some:at    
inaccurate1 not)/&+ e ex]tion on 8 "p4  
,8 assiduity1  h[ev]1 enabl$ him to     
regi/] almo/ e *ild1 born ( ,european   
p>5ts1 at t "t 9 ! settlem5t1 among ^?  
:o receiv$ ?is  b5ign & in(f5sive       
sub/itute = ! mo/ malignant1 loa?some1 &
  fatal disease t ev] afflict$ ! human  
race4    ,9 aid ( :at 0 do+ at !        
,presid5cy1 sev]al ( ! surgeons  atta*$ 
to ! civil /ations1 & to divisions ( !  
army s]v+ at  great di/ances1 & 9 v>i\s 
directions1 7 int]e/$ to  promulgate !  
happy issue ( :at _h be5 attempt$ by    
,mr4 ,russell1  & by 8 successor1 ,mr4  
,%oolbr$1 ,surgeon to ! ,native         
,hospital4  ,nev]!less1 not)/&+ su*     
excell5t precautions1 ! matt] 0  at     
times v ne>ly ext9ct2 m ?an once !      
e/abli%m5ts at !  sev]al c\ntry /ations 

7 completely de/itute1 & 7 oblig$ to    
obta9 a fre% supply f ! ,presid5cy3     
h[ev]1 dur+ ! fir/  eighte5 mon?s1 no   
less ?an #aa1aff p]sons 7 vacc9at$2 a   
matt]  ( great importance1 :5 x is      
consid]$1 t1 9 ,india1 at lea/ "o  9    
sixty dies ( ^? inoculat$ ) ! small-pox4
 ,ab\t ! ye>  #aghg1 an ord] _h be5     
issu$1 t all ! ,european soldi]s 9 !    
,company's s]vice1 :o bore no m>ks (    
hav+ _h ! disease1 %\ld  be inoculat$1 &
 be lodg$ 9 ! ,artill]y ,hospital at    
,dum ,dum4 ,a few  ye>s aft]1 7! =m]    
op]ation hav+ prov$ highly successful17 
!  ord] 0 repeat$2 ! result 01 h[ev]1 v 
unfavorable2 z full  "o-six? ( ! pati5ts
 7 c>ri$ (f4 ,x is to be hop$1 t1 9  due
 "t1 :5 ! natives at l>ge may be        
?or\ghly conv9c$ ( !  security af=d$ by 
vacc9ation1 ! small-pox w be b little   
kn[n4 ,its communication by ins]tion be+
 n[ v /rictly prohibit$  9 ,calcutta1 & 
its neighb\rhood1 w1 no d\bt1 pave ! way
 = !  progress ( vacc9ation1 & weak5 !  
influ5ce ( ! ,bram9s1 :o  are int]e/$ 9 

v>iol\s inoculation4 ,x is s+ul>1 t1 at 
!  v mom5t :5 ?is crafty tribe 7        
endeavor+ to depreciate1 or  r to       
explode1 vacc9ation1 !re />t$ up among  
!m a claim to  ! k1 & practice1 ( !     
latt] at ,b>eilly1 :]e  inoculation 0   
almo/ unkn[n4 ,an attempt 0 made to     
prove1 on !  au?ority ( a v anci5t      
,sanscrit book1 entitl$1 #8,sud'has     
,angraha1' & writt5 by a physician1 ^:  
"n 0 ,mahadeva1 t  vacc9ation 0 practis$
 9 ,india _m c5turies back4 ,on exam9+  
o!r copies ( ! "w1 x 0 f\nd1 t ! passage
 quot$ f  t produc$ at ,b>eilly 0 want+2
 ?is1 add$ to o!r  circum/ances1 r5d]$ !
 tale r d\btful1 & l$ to su* an         
inve/igation z prov$ fatal to !         
imposition4    ,x is a great pity !     
deception 0 ev] discov]$2 s9ce no?+     
c\ld h aid$ ! views ( gov]nm5t bett]1   
?an ! te/imony (  su* an anci5t         
au?ority1 ( ! practice hav+ be5 =m]ly   
common  9 ,h9do/an6 ,we 7 c]ta9ly wrong 
9 publi%+ t refutation1  :i* depriv$ u (
 ! be/ weapon we c\ld h employ$ = !     

ext5sion ( our pursuit4 ,9 lieu ( decry+
 ! "w 9 "q1 z  #8an impud5t =g]y1       
int]polat$ into a ,sanscrit-book1 by "o 
( ^?  frauds s commonly1 & s dext]\sly1 
committ$ by ! ,h9du lit]ati1  = !       
purpose ( support+ ! claims ( ! ,bram9s 
to ! prior  possession ( all k9ds (     
sci5ce1' we ought to h ass5t$ fully to  
t imposition2 all[+ ! prie/s to enjoy ! 
suppos$ antiquity (  _! k1 & cont5t+    
ourselves ) ! contemplation (  ^? imm5se
 b5efits produc$ by ! concurr5ce 91 or  
adoption (1  our practice1 by ^?        
infatuat$ fo/]-fa!rs4 ,b ! /ruggle =    
reputation caus$ u to quit our hold1 9 !
 mo/ impolitic1 &  ?\ghtless mann]6     
,x may n be unpleas+ to my read]s1 to be
 in=m$ z to ! mann]  9 :i* ! ,bram9s1 or
 ,h9du prie/s1 :o are ! only p]sons (  t
 sect all[$ to inoculate1 p]=m !        
op]ation3 ! foll[+  extract f ,mr4      
,%oolbr$'s treatise %ews1 t no alt]ation
 has  tak5 place s9ce ,mr4 ,holwell1 f  
:om ,mr4 ,s4 quotes1 gave ! public  an  
acc\nt ( _! practice1 viz4              

#8,inoculation is p]=m$ 9 ,h9do/an by a 
p>ticul> tribe (  ,bram9s1 :o are       
delegat$ annually = ?is s]vice1 f !     
diff]5t colleges ( ,b9doobund1          
,allahabas1 ,b5>es1 c41 ov]  all !      
di/ant prov9ces4 ,divid+ !mselves into  
small p>ties1 (  ?ree or f\r ea*1 !y    
plan _! travell+ circuits 9 su* wise1 z 
to arrive at ! places ( _! respective   
de/9ations "s weeks  be=e ! usual return
 ( ! disease4 ,!y arrive commonly 9 !   
,b5gal prov9ces e>ly 9 ,febru>y2 al?\gh1
 9 "s ye>s1 !y d n  beg9 to inoculate   
be=e ,m>*1 def]r+ x until !y consid] !  
/ate ( ! season1 & acquire in=mation ( !
 /ate ( !  di/emp]4 ,! inhabitants (    
,b5gal1 kn[+ ! usual "t :5 !  inoculat+ 
,bram9s annually return1 obs]ve /rictly 
! regim5  enjo9$1 :e!r !y det]m9e to be 
inoculat$ or n3 ?is  precaution consi/s 
only 9 ab/a9+ = a mon? f fi%1 milk1 &   
ghee 7a k9d ( butt]1 made g5]ally f     
buffalo's milk74 ,!  prohibition ( fi%  
relates only to ! native ,portugueze &  
,mahom$ans1 :o ab\nd 9 e prov9ce ( !    

empire4 ,:5 ! ,bram9s  beg9 to          
inoculate1 !y pass f h\se to h\se1 &    
op]ate at !  door1 refus+ to inoculate  
any :o h n1 on a /rict scrut9y1 duly    
obs]v$ ! prep>atory c\rse enjo9$ !m4 ,x 
is no uncommon ?+  = !m to ask ! p>5t h[
 _m pocks !y *oose ! *ildr5  %\ld h4 ,!y
 inoculate indiff]5tly on any "p1 b1 if 
left to  _! *oice1 !y pref] ! outside ( 
! arm1 midway betwe5 !  wri/ & ! elb[1 &
 ! %\ld]s ( females4 ,previ\s to !      
op]ation1 ! ,bram9 takes a piece ( clo? 
9 8 h&1 7:i*1 if !  family is opul5t1   
becomes 8 p]quisite17 & ) x gives a dry 
friction on ! "p int5d$ = inoculation1 =
 ! space ( eight or  t5 m9utes2 !n1 ) a 
small in/rum5t1 he w\nds by _m slight   
t\*es1 ab\t ! compass ( a silv] groat1 j
 caus+ ! smalle/  appe>ance ( blood4 ,!n
 op5+ a d\ble l95 rag1 :i* he always    
keeps 9 a clo? r\nd 8 wai/1 he !nce     
takes a small pl$get (  cotton1 *>g$ ) !
 v>iol\s matt]1 :i* he moi/5s ) two or  
?ree drops ( ! ,ganges wat]1 & applies  
to ! w\nd2 fix+ x on  ) a slight b&age1 

& ord]+ x to rema9 on = six h\rs  )\t   
be+ mov$3 ! b&age is aft] t "t tak5 (f1 
b !  pl$get rema9s until x falls (f (   
itself4 ,! cotton1 :i* he  pres]ves 9 a 
d\ble calico rag1 is saturat$ ) matt] f 
!  inoculat$ pu/ules ( ! prec$+ ye>2 =  
!y nev] inoculate )  fre% matt]1 nor )  
matt] f ! disease caught 9 ! natural    
way1 h[ev] di/9ct & mild ! species4     
,e>ly 9 ! morn+  succe$+ ! op]ation1 f\r
 pots1 conta9+ ab\t two gallons ea*1  ( 
cold wat]1 are ord]$ to be ?r[n ov] !   
pati5t f ! head  d[nw>ds1 & to be       
repeat$ e morn+ & ev5+1 until ! fev]    
comes on1 :i* usually is ab\t ! close ( 
! six? day f !  inoculation1 !n to desi/
 until ! appe>ance ( ! eruption1 7ab\t  
?ree days17 & aft]w>ds to pursue ! cold 
ba?+1 z be=e1  ?r\gh ! c\rse ( !        
disease1 & until ! scabs ( ! pu/ules    
drop (f4 ,!y are ord]$ to op5 all !     
pu/ules ) a %>p-po9t$  ?orn1 s soon z !y
 beg9 to *ange _! color1 & :il/ !  matt]
 cont9ues 9 a fluid /ate4 ,conf9em5t to 
! h\se is  absolutely =bidd52 & !       

inoculat$ are to be expos$ to e air  t  
bl[s2 ! utmo/ indulg5ce !y are all[$1 :5
 ! fev] comes  on1 is1 to be laid on a  
mat at ! door4 ,_! regim5 is to consi/ (
  all ! refrig]at+ ?+s ! climate & !    
season produce2 z  planta9s1 sug>-canes1
 wat]-melons1 rice1 gruel made ( :ite   
poppy  se$s1 & cold wat]1 or ?9 rice    
gruel1 = _! ord9>y dr9k4  ,^!           
in/ructions be+ giv51 & an injunction   
laid on ! pati5ts  to make a ?anksgiv+1 
7poojah17 or (f]+ to ! goddess1 on _!   
recov]y1 ! op]ator takes 8 fee1 :i*1 f a
 poor p]son1 is a  punn ( c[ries1 79    
numb] eighty1 & 9 value ab\t a          
half-p5ny17 & goes on to ano!r door1 d[n
 "o side ( ! /reet1  & up ! o!r2 & is   
?us employ$ f morn+ till night1         
inoculat+ sometimes eight or t5 9 a     
h\se4'    ,mr4 ,%oolbr$ obs]ves1 on !   
au?ority ( ,mr4 ,glass1 ! surgeon at    
,boglepore1 t1 9 t di/rict1 inoculation 
is p]=m$ by !  l[e/ ca/s4 ,?is is       
c]ta9ly true among ! ,pah>iahs1 or ,hill
  p1 inhabit+ t m\nta9\s c\ntry ly+     

betwe5 ,boglepore &  ,nagpore4 ,!re1    
inoculation is p]=m$ 9 a v r\gh mann]1  
m]ely  by means ( a blunt in/rum5t1 :i*1
 ) "s labor to ! op]ator1  & abundance (
 pa9 to ! pati5t1 is made to draw blood3
 ! matt]  is !n rubb$ 9 ) ! f+]6    ,^! 
same ,pah>iahs p]=m o!r surgical        
op]ations 9 ! rude/  way1 b ) mo/       
extraord9>y success2 ?us1 !y cut capons 
) a  blunt clasp knife1 made ( iron2    
:i*1 hav+ a r+ pass$ ?r\gh !  butt ( !  
haft1 or %ea?1 is always susp5d$ by a   
cord pass+ r\nd  ! wai/4 ,) ?is         
in/rum5t1 !y make ! necess>y incision1 s
 z  to introduce a f+]2 :51 hav+        
extract$ ! te/es1 ! w\nd is  rubb$ ) a  
little ghee & turm]ic1 & almo/ inv>iably
 heals 9  a v few days4 ,x may be       
consid]$ curi\s1 t among !  ,d'hangahs1 
7z ! p :o appe> to be ! aborig9es (     
,tam>1  ,*ittrah1 ,pu*ate1 are          
designat$17 v few in/ances1 9 proportion
 to  ! bulk ( _! population1 are to be  
f\nd1 ( p]sons m>k$ )  ! small pox2 ,i  
%\ld be dispos$ to attribute ?is        

entirely to !  simplicity ( _! mann] (  
liv+2 9 :i* pla9 rice1 ) a few          
vegetables1 /ew$1 mu* ! same z = a      
curry1 b )\t its  catalogue ( spices1   
compose ! ord9>y bill ( f>e4 ,x _c be   
ow+ to any ?+ favorable 9 ! climate1 :i*
 is peculi>ly  unheal?y4    ,! hospital 
= ! reception ( natives requir+ surgical
 assi/ance1  n[ support$ 9 ,calcutta by 
volunt>y contribution1 0 f\nd$ ab\t  !  
ye> #agic2 be=e :i* "t1 ^? un=tunate    
p]sons :o met )  accid5ts _h no asylum1 
:]e9 !y c\ld f9d ei!r solace or  rem$y4 
,! e/abli%m5t is1 z yet1 r limitt$2 b1 x
 is to be  hop$1 w1 9 ! c\rse ( a few   
ye>s1 rise sup]ior to !  disadvantages  
"u :i* x labors1 9 consequ5ce ( ! great 
exp5ce  incurr$ 9 lodg+ ! pati5ts1 _m ( 
:om labor "u compla9ts  purely cl9ical2 
contr>y to ! fir/ int5tion1 & inde$1 to 
!  fir/ proposal = su* a *>ity1 :i* 0   
/>t$ ab\t #agia1 9 a  lett] publi%$ 9   
#8! ,_w1' 7a ,calcutta weekly pap]17    
address$ to  ! ,rev]5d ------ ,ow51 "o (
 ! *apla9s at ! ,presid5cy4    ,9 t     

lett] 0 sugge/$ ! exp$i5cy ( caus+ all  
^?  de=m$ p]sons :o infe/ ! /reets (    
,calcutta1 9 que/ (  eleemosyn>y aid1 to
 be s5t to "s hospital1 :i* %\ld        
likewise  accommodate su* natives z     
might be injur$ by accid5ts )9 !  city4 
,! proposal 0 f\nd$ on ! p]emptory      
necessity =  conduct+ all ^u ! *eape/   
plan2 & conta9$ a calculation (  !      
exp5ces incid5t to ! con/ruction ( ?at*$
 ranges ( huts1  simil> to b>racks1 to  
be erect$ on a piece ( gr\nd to be      
grant$ by  gov]nm5t = t purpose4 ,! :ole
 exp5ce1 x appe>$1 w\ld n  h am\nt$ to m
 ?an #a1ejj41 or #b1jjj4 ye>ly1 yet full
  accommodation1 & subsi/5ce1 w\ld h be5
 af=d$ = ?ree  hundr$ pati5ts4    ,!    
idea ( p]man5ce1 :i* is usually suppos$ 
to c>ry ) x  *eapness1 01 ,i und]/&1 !  
plea = deviat+ f ! propos$  economical  
e/imate3 ! consequ5ce has be51 t ! numb]
 (  pati5ts is extremely limitt$4 ,t    
orig9al exp5ce w1 9 mo/  c\ntries1 be   
f\nd f> *eap] ?an a flimsy beg9n+ att5d$
 )  con/ant dem&s = repair1 _c be d\bt$2

 b1 :]e !re is no  capital1 at lea/ a v 
small "o1 x is absurd to act ^u ! =m]   
scale2 s9ce x mu/1 ( necessity1 c\nt]act
 ! :ole int5tion4  ,fur!r1 we %\ld      
consid] local circum/ances3 ?us1 9      
,calcutta1 !  same money t w cov] 9     
accommodations = a ?\s& p]sons1  "u a   
sub/antial ?at*1 laid ov] mud1 or mat   
walls1 adequate to !  ord9>y purposes ( 
! inhabitants at l>ge1 & simil> to at   
lea/  n9ety-n9e 9 ! hundr$1 ( ^?        
habitations :i* %elt] ! bulk  ( !       
population2 w\ld n suffice to provide   
fifty1 ( ! same  description1 ) ap>tm5ts
 =m$ ( masonry1 timb]1 c41 accord+  to !
 scale on :i* ,europeans build h\ses =  
_! own resid5ce1  )9 t city4 ,x is      
likewise a well-kn[n fact1 t1 :at is    
call$  a puckah-h\se1 t is1 "o built (  
bricks1 lime1 & timb]1 w1  at ! end ( t5
 ye>s1 co/ z mu* 9 repairs1 z ! ?at*$   
edifices built = an equal numb] (       
inhabitants4 ,?is be+ ! case1  x w      
=cibly /rike ! read]1 t1 9 dep>t+ f !   
orig9al  sugge/ion1 ! manag]s likewise  

dep>t$ f ! be/ pr9ciple4    ,x has be5  
va9-glori\sly ass]t$1 )9 my he>+1 by _m 
natives1 t1 al?\gh ! in/itution 9 "q 0  
f\nd$ by  ,europeans1 yet1 t x has be5  
pr9cipally upheld by ! lib]ality (      
opul5t natives4 ,?is may1 p]haps1 be 9  
"s measure correct2 all[+  x1 h[ev]1 to 
be s to ! fulle/ ext5t1 ,i _c see t !   
natives h done m ?an an ord9>y duty1 9  
af=d+ assi/ance to  _! own c\ntrym51 & t
 too1 aft] be+ urg$1 or guid$1 to !     
measure2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,european 
inhabitants may  c]ta9ly claim ! palm1  
bo? z orig9al f\nd]s1 & subsequ5t       
b5efactors1 9 a case1 :]e _! own        
c\ntrym5 7 n to be  b5efitt$4 ,! pres5t 
/ate ( ! funds is n ! mo/ fl\ri%+2  &   
its utility is too great to all[ its    
fall+ f defici5cy (  means4 ,w\ld x n be
 advisable1 to collect a v small        
assessm5t at  e h\se inhabit$ by a      
native )9 ! ,mah>rattah ,dit*1 7:i*     
limits ! jurisdiction ( ! police17 ei!r 
accord+ to ext5t1 or  to its r5t8 ,?is  
assessm5t %\ld be paid into ! h&s ( !   

magi/rates1 to be by !m disburs$1       
accord+ to prop] regulations1  ?r\gh !  
m$ium ( native ag5ts1 to be elect$      
annually by all :o  %\ld contribute ei!r
 a c]ta9 gross sum1 or by regul> ye>ly  
donation1 t[>ds ! support ( !           
in/itution4 ,?is w\ld produce a  /abile1
 & adequate1 rev5ue2 :ile x w\ld        
likewise induce _m  natives1 "s f pride1
 o!rs f hope1 & a few f fe>1 to add  _! 
mites to su* z %\ld result f t          
spontane\s fl[ (  g5u9e humanity1 ) :i* 
! ,h9du code is replete2 &1 ( :i*  !    
,h9dus at l>ge make s great a boa/4     
,possibly ! day is n f>  (f1 :51 9 lieu 
( build+ imm5se h\ses1 ri*ly end[$1 = ! 
ma9t5ance ( an idle1 haughty1 ignorant1 
& insol5t1 gang (  prie/s1 "s ri*       
natives1 reflect+ on ! want ( _! m      
indu/ri\s1 & m m]itori\s1 poor1 may     
bequea? lib]ally t[>ds  ! =mation ( su* 
e/abli%m5ts1 z may rescue !m f t  v>iety
 ( suff]+s1 to :i* !y become subject$1  
by !  accumulation ( ye>s1 ! visitations
 ( disease1 & ! pressure (  mis=tune6   

,! /yle ( build+ 9 use among ! natives1 
is v diff]5t f  :at we %\ld expect to   
f9d adopt$ 9 s hot a climate2 exp]i5ce  
is1 h[ev]1 9 its favor1 & sanctions t   
:i*1 no d\bt1 result$  f obs]vation1 m  
?an f exp]im5t4 ,! walls ( su* edifices 
z are int5d$ to be p]man5t1 are usually 
con/ruct$ ( mud2 :i*1  be+ laid 9 /rata1
 ( p]haps #ah or #bj in*es 9 dep?1 ea*  
be+  suff]$ to dry be=e ano!r /ratum is 
add$ above1 becomes extremely  firm1 &  
f> m durable1 ?\gh n q s neat1 z unburnt
 bricks  laid 9 mud cem5t4 ,! ?ickness (
 ! wall is proportion$ to !  int5d$     
height2 probably ab\t #bf1 to #cj1 in*es
 at ! base1 may be  consid]$ a fair     
av]age2 tap]+ above to ab\t ?ree f\r?s (
 !  bread? bel[4 ,i h se5 "s bungal[s   
run up ) mud walls1  :i*1 aft] be+ *ipp$
 d[n to an uni=m ?ickness1 & prop]ly    
pla/]$ ) f9e s&1 mix$ ) *aff1 7 neat    
en\gh3 b all  mud walls inv>iably crack 
consid]ably :ile dry+2 consequ5tly1 are 
apt to h>bor c5tip$es1 scorpions1 & ev5 
snakes1 )9 _!  fissures4 ,?is is a mo/  

s]i\s defect2 completely c\nt]-balanc+  
! advantages obta9$1 by t facility &    
*eapness ) :i* !y  c be run up to a     
great height1 provid$ due att5tion be   
paid to !  p]p5dicul>4    ,few ( !      
peasantry1 ev5 ?\gh possess+ "s prop]ty1
 c>ry _!  walls high] ?an #h or #aj     
feet2 inde$1 ! g5]ality ( huts may be   
set d[n at #g feet ext]iorly1 ?\gh !y w 
rise ne> a cubit m  inw>dly1 :5 fill$ up
 to ! "u "p ( ! ?at*4 ,x is r>e to  see 
any w9d[ 9 ! front2 &1 9 su* z h enclos$
 areas1 7by u  call$ #8comp\nds1' b by !
 natives designat$ #8ungnahs'17 !       
cricky1 or door1 :i* is always v l[1    
oblig+ ev5 %ort p]sons  to /oop         
consid]ably1 is commonly 9 "s "p ( !    
environ+ wall1  & p>tly conceal$ by an  
angle1 s z to preclude ! possibility (  
see+ any ?+ ( ! int]ior :5 ! door is    
?r[n op54 ,e  door has a frame1 compos$ 
( /rong wood1 ( :i* ! side pieces1 or   
uprights1 are t5on$ into mortices1 made 
9 ! ?re%old & ! upp]  limb4 ,!          
sup]9cumb5t "p ( ! edifice is support$  

by a /rong  plank1 or by sev]al pieces (
 timb]1 laid p>allel1 & secur$ by       
?or\gh-p9s1 = ! :ole bread? ( ! wall4   
,no ar* is turn$ to  keep (f ! dead     
pressure ( ! enorm\s weight1 t1 9 _m    
in/ances1 is ?us borne up entirely by ! 
door-plate4 ,on ! top (  ! wall1 a /\t  
piece ( timb] is laid1 :5ev] ! raft]s   
are  fa/5$1 ea* by "o or m nails1 b     
project+ at lea/ a foot  beyond !       
ext]ior1 = ! purpose ( su/a9+ ! ?at*1   
:i* is  made to hang ov]1 ) ! int5tion  
to ?r[ (f ! ra91 t1  fall+ 9 torr5ts    
dur+ _m mon?s1 w\ld else wa% away ! mud1
  & endanq] ! build+4    ,! ?at*es are  
usually made ( ! kuss1 or common wild   
grass1 ^:  roots furni% t fibr\s        
sub/ance call$ kuss-kuss1 already spok5 
( :ile describ+ ! =mation ( tatties4    
,imm5se pla9s are  cov]$ ) ?is k9d (    
grass1 gl[+ commonly ab\t two or ?ree   
feet high3 ?\gh1 9 "s places1 x may be  
se5 full five feet2  s]v+ z an asylum = 
e species ( game2 caus+ _m g5tlem51  on 
fir/ ent]+ ! c\ntry1 to admire1 :at !y  

at fir/ take to be  #8! prodigi\s f9e   
crops ( hay4' ,x is commonly burnt d[n e
 ye>  dur+ ! hot season1 :5 p]fectly    
dry3 ! a%es ?us t5d]$ to  ! soil1 be+   
wa%$ 9 by ! succe$+ ra9s1 occasion !    
grass to  %oot =?1 f ! app>5t ru91 )    
incr$ible fre%ness &  vigor6 ,at su*    
times1 no?+ c be m acceptable to ! h]ds1
  :i*1 dur+ ! prec$+ mon?s1 are (t5     
oblig$ to be s5t to  great di/ances1 :]e
 a little h]bage may be f\nd2 or !y are1
  p]haps1 subsi/$ ^u *aff made f /raw1  
millet-/alks1 & !  refuse ( ! ?ra%+     
floor4 ,= sev]al mon?s1 ! grass 9 "q  is
 reli%$ by e description ( cattle2 b1   
aft] ! sun has  cross$ ! ,l9e1 on 8     
return to ! opposite tropic1 x becomes  
h>%  & dry1 prov+ s injuri\s to _! m\?s 
z to cause _!  reject+ x1 except :5     
sev]ely oppress$ by hung]4    ,f ! end (
 ,febru>y1 probably to ! sett+ 9 ( !    
ra9s 9  ,june1 great numb]s ( p]sons are
 employ$ 9 cutt+ ! kuss1 or  khur1 z x  
is indiscrim9ately call$1 ) a k9d (     
sickle1 &  ty+ x up into haunties1 7or  

h&fuls17 usually ab\t six in*es  ?ick4  
,^! are convey$ on hack]ies to ! sev]al 
m>kets1 &  especially to ! milit>y      
cantonm5ts1 :]e !y sell at v>i\s        
prices1 accord+ to ! di/ance !y may h   
be5 convey$1 !  sc>city or abundance ( !
 article1 ! "t ( ! ye>1 & !  pressure ( 
! dem&4 ,f #ajjj to #abjj bundles = a   
rupee1 may be  tak5 z a fair m$ium2     
?\gh1 dur+ ! ra9s1 :5 ?at*es mu/  (t5 be
 made1 or replac$1 co/ :at !y may1 ,i h 
(t5 kn[n !m  sold at a rupee = e hundr$3
 on ! contr>y1 !y are (t5 s  *eap z     
#cjjj1 or ev5 #djjj1 = t sum4 ,! mann] (
 con/ruct+ a  ?at* accord+ to ! be/     
pr9ciple1 bo? = neatness &  durability1 
is z foll[s4 ,! :ole side ( ! build+1   
int5d$ to  be cov]$ 91 is measur$1 & t  
measurem5t is exactly repres5t$  on "s  
level spot1 by means ( f\r cords1 fa/5$ 
to z _m /akes2  :i* ?us exhibit ! =m &  
ext5t ( ! ?at* to be con/ruct$4  ,ea*   
side ( a quadrangul>1 or o!r build+1 mu/
 be ?us laid d[n4  ,all h&s set to "w 9 
plac+ ei!r :ole bamboos ( ! l>ge k9d1   

or bundles ( ?ree & f\r ( ! small k9d1  
p>allel1 & ab\t a  foot asund]2 all     
direct$ by ! base l9e1 t[>ds :i* !y /&  
at  "r angles2 s t1 :5 ready1 !y w\ld be
 9 ! same l9e )  ! fall ( ! #8*upp]1'   
7or ?at*74 ,^! be+ duly prep>$1 are     
cross$ at ab\t five1 or six in*es       
asund]1 by batt5s ( split  bamboo1 :i*  
are fa/5$ d[n1 at e int]section1 ) /rong
  tw9e made ( a f9] k9d ( grass1 call$ !
 moonje2 :i* is v  /rong1 especially :5 
wett$4 ,ea* frame be+ ?us =m$1 is rais$ 
into its place by ! jo9t ef=ts ( p]haps 
fifty or sixty m52 "s  lay+ hold ( !    
frame1 o!rs pu%+ upw>ds ) =k$ poles (   
v>i\s l5g?s1 !reby to facilitate !      
asc5t1 & to prev5t t  friction :i* mu/  
att5d ^u any cont9u$ contact betwe5 !   
frame1  & ! sev]al ready-laid raft]s on 
:i* x is to lie1 & to :i*  x is to be   
firmly la%$4    ,! sev]al frames be+    
duly fitt$ at ! corn]s1 are prop]ly     
secur$ 9 _! places1 & to ea* o!r2 aft]  
:i*1 a sl5d] k9d  ( scaffold+ is made "u
 ! eaves ( ! respective frames1 to      

enable ! grammies1 or ?at*]s1 to comm5ce
 _! op]ations 9  lay+ on ! coat+ (      
grass4 ,! eaves are fir/ br\ght to !    
?ickness ( at lea/ a foot1 by plac+ v   
l>ge bundles1 previ\sly  well compact$1 
& squ>$ at _! ends1 9 a l9e betwe5 !    
frame1  & a succession ( v /rong bamboo 
la?s3 ea* bundle is press$ z  close z   
possible to its neighb\r1 & ?us ! :ole (
 ! l[] ti]  is complet$4    ,! re/ ( !  
?at* is laid on 9 small portions1 !     
sev]al bundles  be+ spread op51 & hav+  
_! butts1 or l[] ends1 compress$  betwe5
 two bamboo la?s1 :i* are ti$ 9 sev]al  
places1 s z to  secure _! cont5ts       
p]fectly4 ,ea* p>cel is !n h&$ up1 &    
laid  ) ! butt d[nw>ds1 at ab\t two or  
?ree in*es above its l[]  neighb\r2     
caus+ ! :ole ?at* to appe> 9 ov]-laps f 
bottom  to top1 l s _m ridges1 ( ab\t an
 in* high1 & runn+ p>allel  = ! :ole    
bread? ( ! "w4    ,! sev]al corn]s are  
n[ cov]$ ) imm5se trusses ( refuse      
grass1 b\nd v firmly toge!r1 rea*+ !    
:ole ext5t ( !  angle1 or gore1 & full  

two feet 9 diamet]4 ,^! trusses be+     
b\nd d[n v firmly to _! adjac5t sides1  
are ultimately cov]$  ) lay]s ( se]ky1  
plac$ s z to ov]-lap ab\t a foot above  
ea* o!r1 &1 9 _! turn1 duly ti$ to !    
trusses3 a simil>  truss is laid along !
 ridge pole4 ,?is se]ky is compos$ ( !  
/ems ( ! surput1 or tassel grass1 :i*   
gr[s to ! height ( t5  feet1 or m3 x is 
f\nd to be a l>g] species ( ! celebrat$ 
,gu9ea grass1 =m]ly introduc$ z a       
suppos$ novelty into ! ,ea/1  b :i*     
prov$ to be no?+ m ?an ! common ba9seah1
 or  buffalo grass1 t gr[s wild1 9 !    
greate/ luxuriance1 all ov]  ,b5gal4 ,! 
/ems ( ! surput1 :5 arriv$ at _! full   
size1 are  z ?ick z a swan's quill1 &   
be> a rem>kable gloss3 9 ! dry  season  
!y are cut1 &1 aft] be+ /ripp$ ( ! p>*$ 
rema9s (  _! leaves1 are laid p>allel on
 a bo>d1 _! ends be+ previ\sly  br\ght  
ev5 to a l9e2 a long wire ne$le is !n   
pass$ ?r\gh !  sev]al /ems1 z !y lie    
contigu\s1 lead+ aft] x a piece (       
pack?read1 :i* is aft]w>ds knott$ at bo?

 ends1 to prev5t its  )draw+ ei!r way4  
,f\r or five ( ^! /it*es are made 9 !   
same p>cel ( se]ky2 aft] :i*1 x is roll$
 up bread?wise1 =  sale4 ,ea* p>cel may 
be f two feet to a y>d 9 bread?1 & !    
/ems compos+ x may be ab\t f\r feet 9   
l5g?4 ,! ord9>y mode  ( sell+ ?is       
commodity is by ! hundr$ pieces1 = :i* f
 ?ree  to t5 rupees are giv51 accord+ to
 circum/ances4    ,x is p]haps s+ul> t  
,i %\ld h se5 se]ky 9 use among a  gr\pe
 ( gypsies 9 ,essex3 9 ,india1 ^?       
it9]ants1 ^: habits &  *>act]s          
correspond ) ?is intol]able species (   
b&itti1  inv>iably %elt] !mselves "u    
se]ky2 :i*1 be+ rem>kably  light1 &1 :5 
d\bl$ or trebl$1 completely wat]-pro(1  
enables  !m to con/ruct a v com=table   
cab9 9 a few m9utes4 ,x (t5  happ5s1    
dur+ ! ra9y season1 t "p ( a ?at* s9ks1 
or rots1  & admits ! passage ( wat] to !
 int]ior2 9 su* case1 a piece  ( se]ky1 
prop]ly plac$1 causes ! wat] to fl[ ov] 
! defect3  :5 t article _c be _h1 x is  
f\nd exp$i5t to ?r[ a few  pecks ( *aff1

 or /raw cut v small1 ^u ^? p>ts requir+
  relief2 ! *aff is drawn 9 by !        
p]colat+ fluid1 b1 be+  ob/ruct$ 9 its  
passage1 swells 9 consequ5ce ( ! cont9u$
  moi/ure1 & ?us1 9 a %ort "t1 usually  
/ops ! leaks4 ,! mode  ( putt+ on a ?at*
 above describ$1 is conf9$ to c]ta9 p>ts
 (  ! c\ntry2 9 o!r places1 !y put !    
grass on 9 a rev]s$  position1 z we d   
our :eat /ubble ?at*es1 ! "p :i* grew   
upp]mo/ be+ plac$ l[e/4 ,b ?r\gh\t !    
c\ntry1 all ?at*+  is done horizontally1
 & n v]tically1 z among u3 ! ,indian    
?at*] beg9s at ! bottom2 :]eas we       
comm5ce at ! side ( a  ?at*3 we ?at* )  
skew]s & rods ( hazel1 c42 !y ) bamboo  
la?s & tw9e made ( grass2 ! latt] be+   
pass$ to & fro by  means ( long ne$les1 
made extemporane\sly ( bamboo1 c4    ,! 
doors us$ by ! natives are g5]ally made 
( su* wood z !  neighb\r+ c\ntry may    
af=d1 & consi/ ( a few v]tical planks1  
kept toge!r by two1 or m1 horizontal    
batt5s2 ! fa/5+s are1  = ! mo/ "p1 made 
by /aples & hooks1 into :i* /rong wood5 

b>s slip1 & unslip1 ) ease4 ,! w9d[s are
 always v small1  p]haps n m ?an two    
feet squ>e1 & are clos$ by means ( wood5
  %utt]s1 hav+ ext]iorly a jaump1 made (
 bamboo batt5s & mats2  :i*1 be+ firmly 
put toge!r1 & susp5d$ at _! upp] bord]s 
by hooks1 or r+s1 fa/5$ into ! wall1 or 
into ! wood5 plate  cov]+ ! ap]ture1 may
 be rais$1 z ?\gh on h+es1 to any       
desir$ elevation1 & pres]v$ !re91 by    
bamboo /ilts1 made ei!r  ) =k$ ends1 or 
hav+ small blocks ( wood nail$ to !m1 to
  prev5t _! po9ts f pass+ ?r\gh ! mats4 
,! same k9d (  def5ce is us$ = doors 9  
g5]al1 b ( a mu* l>g] size ?an =  w9d[s2
 :5 rais$1 !y c]ta9ly are extremely     
useful 9 keep+ (f  ! sun & ra92 :5 l[]$1
 s z to lie p>allel )1 & close  to1 !   
wall1 !y are an admirable def5ce aga9/  
w9d & du/2  ?\gh bo? w f9d _! way ?r\gh 
! sev]al small ap]tures 9  suffici5t    
quantity to prove highly unpleasant at  
c]ta9 times4 ,9  h\ses con/ruct$ by !   
natives1 ! w9d[s are plac$ v high up2   
sometimes sc>cely all[+ a p]son to look 

out4 ,?is is done = !  sake bo? (       
privacy1 & ( coolness2 z ! r>efi$ air is
 bett]  enabl$ to make its escape1 ?an  
:5 ! ap]tures are l[4 ,?us1 mo/  ( !    
h\ses built by ! ,fr5* at ,*&]nagore1 c4
 are f> cool]  ?an ^? =m]ly built 9     
,calcutta2 ow+ to ! w9d[s ( !  =m] be+  
c>ri$ ne>ly to ! tops ( ! rooms1 :ile ! 
latt]  h (t5 sev5 or eight feet ( wall  
above !m4 ,x has sev]al times  happ5$1 t
 p]sons s5t up to "w at ! timb]s        
support+ !  flat ro( above1 h fall5 f _!
 ladd]s1 or scaffolds1 9  consequ5ce ( !
 air 9 ! upp] "p ( ! room be+ unfit =   
respiration4 ,z to *imnies1 !y are      
utt]ly unkn[n among ! natives3  ?\gh1 9 
"s cottages1 an ap]ture is left = !     
escape ( smoke1  b r by neglect ?an by  
design4 ,! smoke mu/ escape :5 & h[  x  
c2 b1 x does n incommode a native a     
?\s&? "p s mu* z  x does an ,european1  
:o mu/ suff] "s inconv5i5ce at ! be/ (  
times1 :5 a fire is light$ )9 ! sitt+   
room2 b1 :5 gre5  wood is put on1 !     
latt] _c /& its effects4 ,! =m] w1  ev5 

at su* mom5ts1 (t5 be se5 smok+ 8       
goorgoory1 z ?\gh  ! atmosph]e 7 n      
suffici5tly bur!n$ ) fulig9\s p>ticles  
to amuse 8 lungs4 ,victuals are r>ely   
cook$ )9 ! h\se1 :5  ! wea!r p]mits ( t 
op]ation be+ p]=m$ 9 ! op5 air2  inde$1 
few p]sons1 :o are n extremely poor1 are
 )\t "s little  %$1 "u :i* x may be     
c>ri$ on at all times4    ,! ext]ior    
surface ( ! wall is r>ely pla/]$1 ev5 ) 
mud2 x  be+ an object to pres]ve x r\gh1
 9 ord] t ! l>ge cakes (  c[-dung1      
int5d$ = fuel1 may be /uck up aga9/ !m1 
& !re be  ?or\ghly dri$ by ! sun2 :i* is
 g5]ally effect$1 9 expos$  situations1 
& 9 fair wea!r1 9 "o1 or two1 days1 at !
 utmo/4  ,^! cakes1 call$ gutties1 burn 
admirably well2 mak+ a fire n  unlike t 
result+ f good peat4 ,! int]ior is      
usually smoo!d  all ! way up1 or at lea/
 = ab\t ?ree feet f ! floor1 &  sme>$ ) 
a solution ( c[-dung1 z is ! floor      
itself1 :i* is  r>ely made ( any ?+ b   
clay1 well ramm$ d[n1 or p]haps (       
t>ras2 b1 ! latt] is too co/ly = mo/    

individuals1 &1 ?\gh  indicat+ ri*es1   
does n give s mu* satisfaction to !     
proprietor4  ,9 "s h\ses1 a few joi/s ( 
r\gh wood are ?r[n across f !  top ( "o1
 to t ( ! o!r1 wall2 p]haps at a y>d or 
m  asund]3 "s few in/ances may be       
adduc$1 p]haps1 9 ea* village (  note1 (
 a slight k9d ( floor+1 ei!r ( r\gh     
planks1 n fitt$  toge!r1 or ( bamboo    
la?s1 be+ made above ! joi/s1 = !       
accommodation ( luggage1 or = !         
dormitory ( "s ( ! family2  b1 ) su*    
exceptions1 ! only use made ( ! upp] "p 
is =  ! lodgem5t ( bru%-wood1 bamboo    
poles1 ladd]s1 f>m+ ut5sils1  mats1     
nets1 c4 c41 accord+ to ! occupant's    
pr(ession4    ,! private ap>tm5ts are   
commonly sep>ate f :at we %\ld call  !  
#8keep+ room1' & h a sep>ate entrance1  
if "u ! same  ro(2 x is1 h[ev]1 v common
 to allot "s deta*$ build+1  hav+ a     
comp\nd divid$ (f1 & p]fectly seque/]$ f
 !  o!r accommodations1 set ap>t = !    
z5anah1 or female "p ( !  family4 ,!    
horses1 ox51 c[s1 c41 are commonly      

pickett$ out 9 !  op5 air :5 ! wea!r    
p]mits2 hav+ a l>ge tr\gh ( mud to      
receive _! *aff4 ,dur+ great heats1 or  
heavy ra9s1 !y are  %elt]$ "u %$s made =
 t purpose1 & = ! pres]vation (  !      
palanqu91 dooly1 r'hut1 or o!r vehicle !
 occupant may  possess4 ,sometimes ! k9e
 are kept "u ! same ro( ) !  major-domo1
 & all 8 family4 ,c&les are n us$ 9 !   
h\ses (  ! natives1 especially ( !      
,h9dus1 :o w\ld consid] ! pres5ce  ( a  
lump ( tall[ )9 _! areas1 z suffici5t to
 pollute  :atev] !y might conta94 ,all  
use oil1 :i*1 be+ p\r$ into a  small    
e>!n vessel1 ne>ly 9 ! %ape ( a he>t1 or
 ( a peepul  leaf1 call$ a *urraug1 is  
plac$ 9 "o ( ! num]\s ni*es made  9 e   
wall1 at p]haps f\r feet above ! floor3 
! wicks are  *iefly made ( slips ( rag1 
ab\t a foot long1 roll$ up to !         
?ickness ( a goose-quill4 ,= m imm$iate 
use1 ! *urraug is  (t5 plac$ on a /em ( 
wood1 hav+ a broad base1 or a cross1 to 
support x1 & a small block at its       
summit1 holl[$ out to receive !  bottom 

( ! lamp4 ,"s use brass app>atus1 &1 9 a
 v few  in/ances1 ! /ems1 or pill>s1 are
 made ) a slide1 s z to v>y  ! height ( 
! *urraug2 :i*1 9 su* case1 assumes ! m 
dignifi$ appellation ( pilsoze3 ! ord9>y
 height ( ! lamp f  ! floor1 includ+ !  
pl9?1 pill>1 & capital1 may be f tw5ty  
to tw5ty-six in*es4 ,snuff]s are unkn[n2
 _! place is sometimes  suppli$ by !    
f+]s1 b m g5]ally by a pair ( scissors1 
or a  pair ( duspannahs1 7i4e4 tongs17  
su* z are us$ by  hookah-burd>s4 ,! oil 
9 use = lamps is t already spok5 (1     
extract$ f ! sesamum1 ( :i* ! refuse    
cake is giv5 to  favorite ox51 c4       
,al?\gh *>poys1 or small b$s1 are 9 use 
among all classes1 !  g5]ality pref]    
sleep+ on mats1 :i* are inf9itely cool] 
?an any  b$d+s4 ,! :ole ( ! app>atus = a
 dormitory may be compris$ 9  a v %ort  
catalogue2 namely1 a durmah-mat1 made f 
co>se re$s  split op5 & laid flat1 ) !  
glossy surface upp]mo/2 p]haps a        
satr9je1 or small cotton c>pet1 a *udd]1
 or %eet1 to wrap r\nd  ! body1 & a     

tuckeah1 or pill[1 /uff$ v h>d4 ,9 cold 
wea!r1 a goodry1 or quilt2 p]haps1      
inde$1 two1 may be add$4  ,curta9s are  
out ( ! "q1 z are all ^? p>aph]nalia :i*
  luxury has introduc$ among u4 ,a      
peek-daun1 or spitt+ pot1 made  g5]ally 
( phool1 :i* is a v tol]able k9d (      
tut5agne1 is  always plac$ at ! b$ side1
 & is ev] resort$ to :5 *ew+ !  pawn1 or
 beetle4 ,! v9e be>+ ! aromatic leaf s  
call$1 is mo/  c>efully cultivat$ 9 _m  
p>ts ( ! c\ntry2 ! :ole be+  support$ on
 trellisses made ( re$s1 & small        
bamboos1 to ! height  ( ab\t five feet4 
,! situation mu/ be v dry2 h5ce1 ! banks
 (  old tanks1 & o!r su* elevat$ sites1 
are *os5 = cultivat+ !  pawn1 ( :i* x is
 said a bigah w produce1 9 ! vic9ity (  
any popul\s city1 full two hundr$ rupees
 ye>ly2 provid$ ! v9es be  ( ! sunhah1  
or true sort2 :i* is easily kn[n by !   
yell[ness  ( ! bord]s1 & ramifications1 
( ! leaf4 ,?is species is f> m  pleasant
 to ! palate ?an ! common gre5 k9d2 :i* 
is1 besides1  t\gh1 & possesses a c]ta9 

acrid quality4    ,beetle1 or pawn1 is  
prep>$ by c>efully pick+ out any defects
 9  ! leaves1 & by remov+ ! /alks up to 
_! v c5tres2 f\r or  five leaves are !n 
laid "o above ! o!r1 :5 ! upp] "o is    
sme>$ ) %ell-lime1 a little moi/5$ )    
wat]4 ,! se$s ( !  elat*ee1 or c>damom1 
are add$1 toge!r ) ab\t ! f\r? "p  ( a  
beetle-nut1 7t is1 ( ! areca17 &1 ! :ole
 be+  lapp$ up by fold+ ! leaves ov] _! 
cont5ts1 ! little packet  is kept toge!r
 9 its due =m1 :i* is usually triangul>1
 by means  ( a slice ( beetle-nut1 cut  
into a ?9 w$ge1 s z to transfix x       
completely4 ,x is common to see a :ole  
family p>tak+ ( pawns1 !  *ew+ ( :i*    
occasions ! saliva to be t9ctur$ z r$ z 
blood3  !y c]ta9ly are fragrant1 &      
excell5t /oma*ics2 b _! too  frequ5t use
 produces co/iv5ess1 :i*1 9 t climate1  
ev] induces  s]i\s illness4    ,! saliva
 w n be t9ctur$1 if ! *unam1 7i4e4 !    
lime17 be  omitt$2 h5ce1 x is evid5t t !
 alkali produces ! color f  ! juices    
conta9$ 9 ! pawn4 ,! color ?us obta9$   

does n  /a9 l954 ,"s use ! k'hut1 :i* is
 ! same z our ,t]ra  ,japonica1 & is    
procur$ by ble$+ v>i\s k9ds ( trees1    
pr9cipally ! mimosa1 ab\nd+ 9 mo/ ( !   
jungles 7or  wild]nesses73 a small      
quantity1 ab\t ! size ( a pea1 brok5    
into  sev]al pieces1 is mix$ ) ! o!r    
+r$i5ts1 be=e ! leaves  are lapp$ ov]1 &
 transfix$ ) ! spike ( beetle1 or1      
p]haps1  ) a clove4 ,! k'hut is n1 9 my 
op9ion1 any ?+ 9 favor (  ! pawn1 &     
c]ta9ly adds to t noxi\s quality above  
m5tion$4  ,"s p]sons attribute !        
blackness ( ! tee?1 9 bo? males &       
females1 ?r\gh\t ,india1 to ! use (     
pawn2 "u ! op9ion1 t  ! discoloration is
 effect$ by ! lime bl5d$ !re94 ,su* is1 
h[ev]1 wide ( ! fact3 pawn is f\nd to be
 highly favorable to !  gums1 :5 ! lime 
is omitt$2 & s s5sible are ^? :o *ew x (
  ! bad effects produc$ by ! alkali ^u !
 enamel ( ! tee?1  t1 9 ord] to pres]ve 
!m f corrosion1 !y rub !m frequ5tly  ) !
 prep>ation call$ missy2 !reby coat+ !m 
) t  black sub/ance :i* does n readily  

give way1 ev5 to ! mo/  p[]ful          
d5tifrice4 ,i /rongly suspect1 h[ev]1 t1
 9 ?us  %ield+ ! tee? f ! alkali1 "s    
injury is done to ! enamel  by ! suppos$
 pres]vative2 ?\gh by no means to t     
ext5t !  =m] w\ld spe$ily effect1 b = ! 
use ( missy4 ,! natives  only *ew !     
pawn1 reject+ ! ma/icat$ +r$i5ts :5 _!  
flavor has be5 extract$2 "s reject ev5 !
 saliva t9ctur$ by !  pawn1 spitt+ x out
 into ! peek-daun4 ,a few1 n cont5t )  !
 comp\nd already describ$1 absolutely   
mix tobacco1 previ\sly  r$uc$ to a co>se
 p[d]1 by rubb+ ! dri$ leaves ) ! ?umb  
9 ! holl[ ( ! o!r h&6 ,"o w\ld ?9k t    
#8pot5t we$' mu/  sup]s$e all its       
companions1 & cause !m to be z little   
ta/$1 z  ?\gh !y _h n be5 cr[d$ into !  
jumble ( flavors4    ,i h already       
expla9$1 t e>!n pipes1 su* z ^? we call 
#8,dut* pipes'1 are n kn[n 9 ,india2 b t
 ! hookah1 kaleaun1  & goorgoory1 are 9 
g5]al use1 among ! sev]al classes       
respectively4 ,! l[e/ classes (         
,europeans1 z also ( ! natives1  &1     

inde$1 mo/ ( ! (fic]s ( c\ntry-%ips1    
frequ5tly smoke  *]oots1 exactly        
correspond+ ) ! ,spani% seg>1 ?\gh      
usually made r m bulky4 ,h[ev] fragrant 
! smok]s !mselves  may consid] *]oots1  
^? :o use hookahs1 hold !m to be n  only
 vulg>1 b intol]able6 ,h5ce1 we         
sometimes see a :ole  congregation ( !  
latt] put to ! r\te by "s "o unlucky    
visitor1  :o1 ei!r f ignorance1 ( f     
disreg>d to ! feel+s ( 8  m delicate    
p>ticipators 9 #8! cl\dy regale'1 m\nts 
8  *]oot2 ?us abrogat+ all di/9ctions ( 
musk1 c9namon1  rose-wat]1 c4 9 a trice4
    ,! natives smoke *]oots )\t any     
precaution :atev] to gu>d  ! lips & tee?
 f ! highly acidulat$ fumes d]iv$ f !   
burn+ tobacco1 b :51 z has sometimes be5
 ! case1 *]oots  7 br\ght into fa%ion1  
?\gh b = a :ile1 x 0 f\nd  exp$i5t to h 
small silv] or e>!n sockets made1 to    
receive !  end ( ! *]oot2 !reby avoid+  
contact ) ! tobacco4    ,! natives1 :e!r
 male or female1 nev] use any sort (    
d5tifrice1  nor h !y any idea (         

hair-bru%es2 :i* c\ld n1 inde$1  accord+
 to _! t5ets1 be admitt$ )9 ! m\?4 ,!   
only  app>atus employ$ = clean+ ! tee?1 
is a %ort piece ( /ick1  commonly !     
bran* ( "s bu%1 pull$ at ! mom5t = !    
occasion3  ?is is ei!r beat or *ew$1 = a
 %ort "t1 until ! fibres1 =  ab\t half  
an in* at ! end1 sep>ate1 & =m a k9d (  
/iff bru%1  :i* is appli$ at "r angles  
to ! tee?4 ,?is is n a v  delicate      
implem5t1 b1 :5 aid$ by a pl5tiful      
supply ( wat]1  answ]s tol]ably well2   
?\gh x c]ta9ly c nev] prev5t !          
accumulation ( t>t> )9 ! tee?4          
,necessity has made me sometimes  use ! 
dauntwun1 z x is call$1 b n )\t leav+   
consid]able sor5ess ab\t my gums4    ,! 
ladies ( ,h9do/an smoke _! goorgoories 9
 v high /ile2 z  d ^? ( inf]ior rank _! 
n]eauls1 or cocoa-nuts1 ) no less  glee4
 ,x w\ld1 p]haps1 be difficult to decide
 :i* ( ! sexes 7  mo/ addict$ to ?is    
habit3 !y bo? beg9 at a v e>ly age1 &   
are nev] s happy z :5 engag$ 9 its      
practice4 ,aft] a :ile1 we  become      

reconcil$ to see+ females smok+2 ?\gh ,i
 mu/ confess1  t1 h[ev] delicate !      
prep>ation ( ! tobacco may be1 &  h[ev] 
elegant ! app>atus1 /ill a c]ta9 idea1 n
 v  con=mable to fem99e propriety1      
creeps into our m9ds1 :5 we see an      
,european lady ?us employ$4 ,we revolt  
at a habit n au?oriz$ by :at  we h be5  
accu/om$ to 9 our e>ly y\?1 & consid] x 
an  intrusion ^u mascul9e *>act]i/ics4  
,sev]al ladies h gone yet  fur!r1 by    
adopt+ ! entire co/ume ( ! natives2 a   
circum/ance  :i*1 h[ev] gratify+ x may h
 be5 to !mselves1 by no means  rais$ !m 
9 ! e/imation ( ^? :om !y imitat$2 :ile1
 at !  same "t1 x gave bir? to op9ions1 
& occasionally to exp]im5ts1  by no     
means favorable to _! reputation4 ,!    
same k9d ( ridicule  atta*es equally to 
g5tlem51 :o at times all[ _! :isk]s to  
gr[1 & :o we> turbans1 c41 9 imitation (
 ! ,mussulmans (  di/9ction4 ,_!        
c\ntrym51 ?\gh p]haps tacitly1 c5sure   
su*  imitations1 :5 aris+ f caprice2 & !
 ,mussulmans reg>d ^!  r5egadoes 9      

co/ume mu* ! same z we d su* ( !        
natives1 z1  be+ smitt5 ) our g5]al "*1 
& p>tak+ ( our pa/imes1  lay aside _!   
appropriate g>m5ts 9 favor ( jackets1   
jockey-caps1  boots1 & lea!r            
inexpressibles6 ,"s1 inde$1 d m2 !y sit 
at  table1 & dev\r1 ) no small degree ( 
eag]ness1 ! vi&s  prep>$ accord+ to     
,engli% fa%ion2 wa%+ !m d[n ) copi\s    
libations ( ,cl>et & ,madeira1 to ! utt]
 degradation ( _!  p]sons1 & reputation1
 9 ! eyes bo? ( _! new1 & ( _!  old1    
companions4    ,b !re is a c]ta9        
happ9ess app>5tly att5dant ^u ?is       
species  ( infatuation2 :at is lo/ 9    
public op9ion be+ inv>iably ga9$  9     
self-suffici5cy2 :ile e little ironical 
complim5t is con/ru$  into sup]lative   
eulogium4 ,! pres5t ,nabob ,vizi] (     
,oude1 ,saadut  ,ali1 _m ye>s ago1 :5   
compell$ to reside at ! ,presid5cy1 "u  
s]veillance ( ! ,b5gal gov]nm5t1 9      
consequ5ce ( ! jeal\sy  ent]ta9$ by 8   
bro!r1 ! late ,asoph ul ,d[lah1 affect$ 
to  ent] ^u ?is k9d ( apo/acy4 ,i       

believe1 e "o saw ?r\gh !  veil1 ?\gh he
 hunt$ ) fox-h\nds 9 our /yle1 &        
assimilat$ 9  _m o!r po9ts2 b !         
ess5tials 7 c>efully pres]v$ f          
metamorphosis4 ,_m *>act]s1 su* z ,i h  
describ$1 c\ld be  quot$1 b ! mo/       
p>ticul>ly appropriate to my subject is 
t (  ,mirza ,abu ,taleb ,khan1 :o emb>k$
 9 ! same %ip ) me1 = !  purpose (      
proce$+ f ,b5gal to ,engl&1 :]e he 0 at 
fir/  receiv$ z a g5]al & pr9ce2 m]ely  
ow+ to an empty title  conf]r$ on him at
 ! ,nabob ,vizi]'s c\rt1 ab\t z         
important z t  ( a ,w9dsor ,knight4 ,?is
 h]o did n1 x is true1 adopt our co/ume 
altoge!r1 ?\gh he became a k9d ( #8half 
& half1 l ! sea-calf  at ,sir ,a%ton's2'
 b he _h ! impud5ce to ass]t1 t 8 paltry
  lodg+s 9 ,gresse-,/reet1 7above all   
places "u ! sun17 7  grac$ by !         
nocturnal visits ( sev]al ,pe]esses ( ! 
mo/ exalt$  "*2 _m ( ^: names he mo/    
sc&al\sly1 & ungratefully1  disclos$6 ,i
 say1 ungratefully1 because x 0         
impossible = me to  believe t ladies (  

su* "* c\ld h /oop$ to su*  conduct2    
al?\gh1 9 consequ5ce ( suitable         
introductions1 !y _h  receiv$ him at _! 
h\ses 9 t hospitable mann] ev] adopt$ 9 
favor ( respectable =eign]s4 ,! ,mirza1 
v probably1 may h  be5 impos$ ^u by "s  
l[ wom51 :o made him ! ,fal/aff ( _!    
drama2 &1 by assum+ ! titles ( our      
nobility1 flatt]$ 8 vanity  to an       
extreme6 ,yet1 suppos+ ?is to h be5 !   
fact1 h[ are we to  f9d an apology = t  
op5 boa/ he made ( ! suppos$ intimacy6  
,b vanity 0 8 motto2 he /udi$ s+ul>ity 9
 _m in/ances2 he  /udi$ also celebrity2 
& w\ld will+ly h impress$ u ) an        
op9ion1 t1 f ,hafiz d[n to ! ,pl5ipo'1 8
 abilities 7  triumphant4 ,let u comp>e 
him ) ! =m]1 ^: poetry *>m$ 8  c\ntrym56
                                 ,,ode  
,,by ,,hafiz4                   ,sweet  
maid1 if ?\ w\ld/ *>m my sight1         
,& bid ^! arms ?y neck infold2          
,t rosy *eek1 t lily h&                 
,w\ld give ?y poet m delight            
,?an all ,boara's vaunt$ gold1          

,?an all ! gems ( ,sam>c&4              
,boy1 let yon,a liquid ruby fl[1        
,& bid ?y p5sive he>t be glad1          
,:ate'er ! fr[n+ zealots say3           
,tell !m _! ,ed5 _c %[               ,a 
/ream s cle> z ,rocnabad1               
,a b['r s sweet z ,moselly4             
,oh6 :5 ^! fair1 p]fidi\s maids1        
,^: eyes our secret haunts infe/1       
,_! de> de/ructive *>ms display1        
,ea* glance my t5d] brea/ invades1      
,& robs my w\nd$ s\l ( re/1             
,z ,t>t>s seize _! de/9'd prey4         
,9 va9 ) love our bosoms gl[2           
,c all our te>s1 c all our sighs        
,new lu/re to ^? *>ms imp>t8            
,c *eeks1 :]e liv+ roses bl[1           
,:]e nature spreads h] ri*e/ dies1      
,require ! borr['d gloss ( art8         
,speak n ( fate--ah6 *ange ! !me1       
,& talk ( od\rs1 talk ( w9e1            
,talk ( ! fl['rs t r\nd u bloom3        
',tis all a cl\d1 'tis all a dream2     
,to love & joy ?y ?\ghts conf9e1        
,nor hope to pi]ce ! sacr$ gloom4       

,beauty has su* resi/less p['r1         
,t ev'n ! *a/e ,egyptian dame ,b        
,sigh'd = ! bloom+ ,hebrew boy3         
,= h] h[ fatal 0 ! h\r1                 
,:5 to ! banks ( ,nilus came            
,c ,a y\? s lovely & s coy6             
,b ah6 sweet maid1 my c\nsel he>1       
7,y\? %all att5d :5 ^? advise           
,:om long exp]i5ce r5d]s sage72         
,:ile music *>ms ! ravi%'d e>1          
,:ile sp>kl+ cups delight our eyes      
,be gay2 & scorn ! fr[ns ( age4         
,:at cruel answ] ,i h he>d6             
,& yet1 by heav'n1 ,i love !e /ill3     
,c aught be cruel f ?y lip8             
,yet say1 h[ fell t bitt] ^w            
,f lips :i* /reams ( sweetness fill1    
,:i* n\ght b drops ( honey sip8         
,g boldly =?1 my simple lay1            
,^: acc5ts fl[ ) artless ease1          
,l ori5t pe>ls at r&om /rung2           
,?y notes are sweet1 ! damsels say1     
,b oh1 f> sweet]1 if !y please          
,! nymph = :om ^! notes are sung6       
-----    ,footnote ,a3      ,a melt$    

ruby is a common p]iphrasis = w9e 9 !   
,p]sian    poetry4 ,see ,hafiz1 ode #bb4
    ,footnote ,b3      ,zoleikha1       
,potiph>'s wife4    ,footnote ,c3       
,joseph4    -----    ,n[ = my fri5d1 !  
,mirza2 :o :ile 9 ,engl&1 publi%$ a     
small  collection ( poetry he _h        
address$1 9 ! ,p]sian language1 7mo/    
ably translat$ by ,george ,sw9ton1      
,esq47 to a "y lady1 ( :om we are  to   
suppose he 0 deeply enam\r$4 ,9 ?is     
rhodomontade1 :i* con=ms  exactly )     
,indian hyp]bole1 !re are c]ta9ly "s    
figures :i*  _c fail to /rike an        
,european2 yet are !y m]e common-place  
expressions1 famili> to e native :o has 
be5 introduc$ to t  labyr9? ( poetical  
absurdity1 s delectable among ,asiatics4
    ,take ! foll[+ extracts f ! poems at
 l>ge1 z a specim5 (  ! au?or's tal5ts4 
,praise ( h] ,ornam5ts      #8,^u ?is e>
 hangs a cl\d sur*>g'd ) lightn+2    ,or
 is x ,v5us sits en?ron$ 9 h] e>-r+8    
,on t e>1 behold ,jupit] augm5ts h]     
beauty2    ,9 "o morn+ :o ev] saw bo?   

con/ellations8    ,s9ce ! lobe ( ! e> is
 ! pol>-/> ( ! _w ( elegance1    ,h]    
e>-r+s are ! ,great] & ,less] ,be>s :i* 
revolve ar\nd6'    ,"h we h fu/ian =    
metaphor1 & a mo/ un-a/ronomical        
diss]tation on ,jupit]s1 ,v5uses1       
,pol>-,/>s ( elegance1 toge!r  ) big &  
little ,be>s revolv+ ar\nd !m6 ,h[ w    
,h]s*ell  />e :5 he reads ( ?is new     
sy/em6                       ,praise (  
h] gait & /ature4           #8,f !      
extreme f95ess ( h] wai/1       ,! %ad[ 
( h] r+lets is a bur!n to h] /ature4    
,h] /ature is a cypress :5 %e walks1    
,b x be>s1 h[ev]1 ! fruit ( se$less     
pomegranates4       ,%e moves m         
gracefully ?an ! wat] ( life4       ,l  
me1 ! pheasant & p>tridge are lo/ 9     
a/oni%m5t4       ,al?\gh %e %\ld tread  
on ! pismire at h] feet1       ,its     
smalle/ hair w\ld receive no injury4    
,yes1 x is = ?is t %e treads s lightly1 
,"u e /ep lie a hundr$ s\ls6'    ,!     
foll[+ may be consid]$ ! v acm (        
absurdity6        #8,:5 !y wa%'d pe>ls &

 ! moon pure      ,) ,,birds' ,,milk1 !y
 h modell'd ! globes ( h] brea/6'    ,& 
aga91                    #8,h] *9 is n  
an apple ( ! g>d51                  ,x  
is a ,,well full ( ! wat] ( life6'      
,&1 once m1 aga91                  #8,h]
 lip dem&s tribute f sug>-c&y1          
,! ,,blood ,,( ,,w9e is its only        
n\ri%m5t6'    ,:y1 really1 if "s o!r    
p>ts ( ! "w did n assure u t !  object (
 adoration possess$ e virtue1 & e       
agreeable quality1  ! _w might be       
induc$1 by ! =ego+ l9es1 to consid] h] a
  mo/ incorrigible top]6 ,let n ^!      
samples s]ve = all ! poets  ( ,h9do/an1 
?\gh !y may suffice to exhibit t        
fanta/ic illusion  :i* *>act]izes !m 9  
g5]al3 "s au?ors1 natives ( ,india1  h  
af=d$ pro(s ( g5ius1 su* z leave u to   
lam5t t _!  tal5ts 7 n duly cultivat$ & 
patroniz$4 ,! foll[+ little  canzonet1  
translat$ f ! poems ( ,yuque51 a        
celebrat$ ,h9do/anee  au?or1 happ5s to  
lie op5 be=e me1 seem+ to (f] itself =  
quotation4 ,i ?9k my read]s w admit1 t1 

?\gh x does n  indicate inspiration1 yet
 t x brea!s ! _s ( pa!tic  numb]s4      
,,! ,,daffodil4                   ,"o   
day among ! tombs ,i /ray'd1            
,:]e _m slight$ lov]s lay3              
,a daffodil ,i !re survey'd1            
,:i* seem'd 9 grief to p9e away6        
,enquir+ :y x hung its head8            
,& :y 9 grief x seem'd to p9e8          
#8,i am ! eyes ( him1' x said1          
#8,:o lies b5ea? ?is l[ly %r9e6'        
,l me1 sad emblems ( despair1           
,/ill seek !y to behold aga9            
,t cruel1 t rel5tless fair1             
,:o wr\ght 8 dea? by h] disda96         
,x does1 alas6 f ?is appe>1             
,t ,love admits ( no release2           
,torm5ts its vot'ries :ile !y're "h1    
,nor c ! grave af=d !m peace6    ,)\t   
uphold+ ?is little production z a       
prodigy1 x may1 p]haps1  be safely      
adduc$ z a contra/ to ^? beauties ,i h  
select$ f  ! ,mirza's little book (     
great wond]s4    ,! frequ5cy ( fires1   
occasion$ by ! common practice ( ?at*+  

h\ses1 has caus$ _m regulations to be   
adopt$1 9 reg>d to :at  ,europeans      
commonly call ! #8,black ,t[n' at       
,calcutta4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s  ago1 !     
pr9cipal /reets 7 consid]ably wid5$1 & !
 :ole (  ! new t5em5ts 7 ord]$ to be    
til$4 ,?is creat$ "s  dissatisfaction at
 ! "t1 yet has n only be5 ( great       
advantage to  ! inhabitants at l>ge1 b  
is n[ confess$1 by ! natives1 to h  be5 
highly b5eficial1 bo? to _! heal?1 & to 
_! conv5i5ce4  ,=m]ly1 x 0 common to see
 imm5se piles ( grass all along !  banks
 ( ! riv]1 br\ght ?i!r = ! purpose (    
supply+ p]sons  :o might h occasion to  
?at*2 ( late ye>s1 h[ev]1 ! quantity    
has be5 consid]ably r$uc$2 !re be+ n a  
tw5tie? "p ( !  =m] dem&4 ,_m ( ^! /acks
 d\btless conta9$ full #bj1jjj1 or      
#be1jjj cubic feet1 & w\ld h =m$ a      
dim9utive repres5tation (  ! inf]nal    
regions1 _h !y tak5 fire2 to :i* accid5t
 !y 7  subject equally ) any "p ( ! t[n4
 ,ow+ to ! *eapness (  bamboos & mats1 z
 well z to ! imm5se value ( l& at       

,calcutta1  mo/ ( ! natives build _!    
huts *iefly ( ^? mat]ials2 !  :ole ( !  
uprights1 raft]s1 c41 be+ ( bamboo1 & ! 
walls1  p>titions1 c41 be+ ( mats1      
support$ by bamboo la?s4 ,! ro(s are    
fir/ cov]$ ) mats1 or se]ky1 & !n til$1 
g5]ally )  t k9d call$ nullies1 :i* are 
ab\t eight in*es 9 l5g?1  repres5t+ !   
half ( a truncat$ holl[ cone1 ^: base   
may be  ab\t f\r in*es 9 diamet]4    ,^!
 nullies are commonly laid ^u ro(s1 at  
an angle ( ab\t #cj  ( elevation f !    
horizon2 b ! *upp]s1 or grass-?at*es1   
usually are con/ruct$ at full #dj4 ,at !
 milit>y /ations1 :]e  grass is         
inv>iably 9 use = ! cov]+ 9 ( ! cab9s ( 
!  sepoys1 c4 x is usual to ord] !      
surfaces ( all ?at*es to be  sme>$ )    
mud2 f ab\t ,novemb]1 to ! sett+ 9 ( !  
ra9s4  ,_m v ext5sive l9es owe _! safety
 to ?is precaution2 :]eby  n only are   
sp>ks prev5t$ f communicat+ ) ! grass1  
:i*  usually is z prompt z t9d] 9 tak+  
fire1 b ev5 :5 ! ?at*  is p>tially      
k9dl$1 ! flames are greatly imp$$1 & m  

easily  subdu$4    ,! walls ( huts be+ v
 frequ5tly made ( grass1 ti$ 9 betwe5   
bamboo la?s2 7l ^? f5ces we sometimes   
see put to folds 9  yean+ "t1 to keep ! 
lambs w>m dur+ ! night27 require to be  
well coat$ ) mud3 o!rwise1 !y w\ld be   
con/antly subject to  acc5sion1 9       
consequ5ce ( ! too common practice (    
mak+ !  *oolah1 or fire-place1 v ne>    
!reto2 ?us endang]+ bo? f  ! flame1 & f 
! emb]s4 ,z to putt+ out a fire t has   
once  got firm hold ( a pla9 ?at*1 x is 
a hopeless bus9ess3 ! only  *ance ( sav+
 ! /reet1 is to pull d[n all ! neighb\r+
 huts4  ,?is is n att5d$ ) t loss to :i*
 our ,european t[ns w\ld be  subject$ by
 su* a prev5tive2 s9ce1 g5]ally speak+1 
a v  tol]able hut1 fit = ! accommodation
 ( a mod]ate family1 may be  built1     
complete1 = ab\t ! value ( a gu9ea1 or  
ev5 mu* less4    ,al?\gh wat] is g5]ally
 at h&1 !re be+ abundance ( wells1 or   
tanks1 or puddles1 9 ! vic9ity ( e      
village1 /ill x is deem$  necess>y1 by  
g5tlem5 ^: bungal[s1 c41 are contigu\s  

to  baz>s1 7or m>kets17 or to ! l9es (  
native troops1 c4 :]e  ?at*es are       
num]\s1 to h l>ge vessels fa/5$ along ! 
ridge-poles ( _! /ables1 & o!r          
out-(fices4 ,^! be+  con/antly kept full
 ( wat]1 prove an imm5se aid t[>ds !    
pres]vation ( ^? build+s on :i* !y are  
plac$3 s9ce1 9 case  ( any neighb\r+    
conflagration1 x is easy = "o or m      
p]sons to  wet ! ?at* v ?or\ghly2 or !y 
may res]ve ! wat] until !  mom5t (      
exig5cy1 to be ?r[n ^u any "p t may be 9
 imm$iate  dang]4 ,if ! ?at* %\ld h tak5
 fire1 s z to r5d] x  imprud5t = p]sons 
to asc5d to ! pots1 !y1 be+ r brittle1  
may always be brok5 to pieces by ?r[+   
bricks1 or clods1 c4 at  !m4 ,"s g5tlem5
 adopt ! precaution1 above describ$1 (  
pla/]+ ! ?at*es ( _! out-(fices ) mud2  
b1 su* a  proc$ure is highly impolitic1 
9 respect to edifices int5d$ to be      
durable2 z ! :ite-ants nev] fail to     
visit su* pla/]$ ?at*es1  & to de/roy ! 
grass entirely3 sometimes !y ev5 eat !  
timb]s4  ,tiles c]ta9ly (f] great]      

security ?an ?at*es1 b !y are           
insuff]ably hot2 caus+ e ?+ plac$ "u !m 
to w>p1 crack1  & o!rwise to p]i%3 til$ 
/ables are f\nd to be v injuri\s to  !  
heal? ( cattle4 ,! be/ plan ,i ev] saw1 
0 to h a coat+ (  tiles1 laid 9 mort> on
 a ?at*2 b1 = su* a mode ( con/ruction1 
v sub/antial timb]s 7 requisite4 ,?is n 
only insur$ f  fire1 b f leaks also2 &  
r5d]$ ! int]ior rem>kably cool  dur+ !  
hot season4    ,! long cont9uance ( !   
p]iodical ra9s1 :i* (t5 fall 9  torr5ts 
= :ole days1 & frequ5tly keep drizzl+ = 
ne> a week1  ) little or no int]mission1
 r5d]s x necess>y to protect all        
ext]ior walls by cop+s1 ei!r ( tiles1 or
 ( ?at*4 ,! =m]  mode is effect$ by     
small tiles1 laid 9 ! usual mann]1 b    
cem5t$  ) lime mort>2 or by imm5se l>ge 
ones1 ne>ly semi-cyl9drical1  ^: curve  
may measure full a y>d1 & ^: bread? may 
be f  fifte5 to tw5ty in*es2 ! ?ickness1
 p]haps1 an in* & a half4  ,^! la/ are  
m]ely slung ov] ! top ( ! wall1 :i* is  
=m$ s  z to reta9 !m firmly1 & are      

ov]lapp$ ab\t two or ?ree in*es4  ,!    
?at*es are g5]ally made ) a d\ble p5t1  
ea* face be+  ab\t a y>d 9 dep?3 !y are 
secur$ by be+ fa/5$ toge!r at  _!       
junction above1 & by means ( /akes pass+
 ?r\gh ! wall2  to ^! _! eaves are ti$ )
 grass1 or co>se hemp5 tw9e4    ,no?+ c 
be m uncom=table ?an a leaky bungal[6 ,!
 wat]  trickles d[n ! walls1 dissolv+ ! 
coat ( mud1 or s& pla/]1  & greatly     
disfigur+ ! int]ior4 ,x (t5 happ5s1 t ! 
out]  walls are s f> damag$ by heavy    
ra9s1 accompani$ by a driv+ w9d1  z to  
be r5d]$ uns]viceable 9 ! c\rse ( a     
night2 ! :ole  be+ completely sapp$     
?r\gh4 ,aft] su* wea!r1 ! damages are   
frequ5tly ext5sive2 ! walls surr\nd+    
g>d5s1 c4 ?\gh  sub/antially built1 &   
duly cop$1 are se5 to give way = scores 
(  y>ds2 fall+ ) a trem5d\s cra%4 ,?is  
is usually occasion$ by  "s dit* ne> _! 
bases1 :i*1 be+ fill$ by ! heavy ra9s1  
t soak into ! banks1 9 a few h\rs yield 
to ! great weight on  _! bord]s4        
,=tunately1 su* damages are spe$ily     

repair$ at no  v great exp5ce2 a rod (  
wall ab\t eight feet high1 & av]ag+  two
 feet 9 ?ickness1 be+ g5]ally built =   
ab\t t5 %ill+s3 9  "s places = half t   
sum4    ,mo/ ( ! bungal[s built by      
,europeans are run up ) sun-dri$        
bricks2 usually ( a l>ge size1 eight (  
!m mak+ a cubic foot2 ea*  be+ a foot   
long1 six in*es broad1 & ?ree in*es     
?ick4 ,) ^!1  9 a prop] /ate = build+1  
"w proce$s at a great rate1 b mu*  c>e  
mu/ be tak5 t ! mort>1 t is1 ! slime us$
 = cem5t1  be ( a prop] consi/5ce1 & be 
well fill$ 94 ,bricks are g5]ally  made 
9 wood5 m\lds1 :i*1 be+ laid on "s level
 spot1 previ\sly  swept1 s z to remove  
/ones1 c41 are fill$ ) mud2 ! surface is
  !n levell$1 ei!r ) ! h&1 or ) a /rike1
 :5 ! m\ld is  rais$1 by means ( h&les1 
& wa%$ 9 a l>ge pan ( wat]1 &  !n plac$ 
on a fre% spot1 contigu\s to ! brick    
already =m$4 ,an  exp]t labor] 9 ?is    
avocation1 w1 if duly suppli$ ) mud1 &  
wat]1 make f #bjjj to #bejj bricks daily
 ( ! above dim5sions3 x  w usually      

require "o labor] to mix ! soil1 "o to  
supply wat]1  & two h&-b>r[ m51 to keep 
"o brick-mak] 9 con/ant "w3 !  :ole     
exp5ce may be ab\t sixte5 or eighte5    
p5ce3 ! same quantity  ( "w done 9      
,engl& w\ld co/ full z _m %ill+s4    ,"s
 ( ! rauz1 or bricklay]s1 9 ,india1 are 
v clev]1 s f> z  relates to m]e         
practical op]ations2 b !y h n ! smalle/ 
idea ( plann+ f pap]1 or on pap]2 or (  
comput+ ! quantities  ( mat]ials1 or !  
am\nt ( labor4 ,!y "w ) a small tr[el1  
mu* ! same z t 9 use ) u1 & *ip _!      
bricks1 :e!r  sun-dri$ or burnt1 ) a    
small hamm]1 hav+ ei!r "o1 or bo?1 its  
face1 ( a w$ge =m1 & ab\t ?ree or f\r   
in*es long f !  ins]tion ( ! h&le4 ,!y  
pres]ve ! p]p5dicul>s by means ( a      
bell-%ap$ weight1 commonly ( free-/one1 
or ( lead1 or iron1 to  :i* a long      
cotton cord is atta*$1 hav+ on x a piece
 ( wood  exactly z long z ! diamet] ( ! 
weight's base4 ,?is be+ pi]c$  9 !      
c5tre1 & appli$ endwise to any "p1      
pres]v+ x1 at !  same "t1 z ne>ly       

horizontal z possible1 po9ts out ! exact
 spot  :i* is p]p5dicul> to !           
correspond+ edge ( ! weight4    ,suppos+
 a wall to be run up to any height1 if !
 /ick be appli$ to  ! upp] ti] ( bricks1
 & ! weight sw+s s z j to come 9        
contact ) ! gr\nd ti]1 ! wall w be      
p]p5dicul>4 ,! me?od  is simple1 & !    
app>atus portable2 !re=e ,i may safely  
recomm5d  _! adoption to our workm52    
especially :5 a l>ge plumb-bevil is  n  
at h&4 ,x is true1 t _m ( ! bricklay]s1 
employ$ "u  regul> ar*itects1 may be se5
 to use our tools ( e description2  b   
?is takes place only "u su* guidance3 9 
all o!r in/ances1  ! native bricklay]   
resorts to ! practices ( 8 ance/ors2    
?\gh1  to say ! tru?1 !y are by no means
 s unwill+ to *ange =  bett]1 z !       
op9ionat$ ,briti% me*anic2 :o1 ,i am    
oblig$ to  confess1 mu/ yield ! palm =  
sobriety1 *eapness1 +5uity1 &  docility1
 to ! unlett]$ artisan ( ! ,ea/4        
,nev]!less1 ,i am  s5sible t "o ,engli% 
workman w #8knock (f' m "w ?an two1  or 

p]haps ?ree1 ,asiatics ( ! same         
pr(ession1 & f9i% t "w  9 high] /yle2 b1
 if we take into consid]ation1 t ! latt]
  employs tools su* z ! =m] w\ld        
pron\nce to be useless1 &1  t he le>ns  
all by rote1 )\t ! smalle/ idea (       
figures1  proportions1 or computations1 
we mu/1 h[ev] unwill+ly1 give a  v]dict 
by no means p>tial to our c\ntrym54     
,ano!r po9t greatly 9 favor ( ! poor    
,h9du1 is1 t he ex]cises  n only !      
pr(ession ( bricklay]1 b ( pla/]]1      
t>ras-mak]1  c4 ,9 l mann]1 we f9d ! two
 pr(essions ( looaur 7blacksmi?7  &     
burrye 7c>p5t]7 (t5 ex]cis$ by ! same   
individual4 ,i once  built a phaeton at 
,cawnpore1 solely ) ! aid ( a reput$    
blacksmi?1 :o wr\ght e "p ( ! iron "w 9 
a v sup]ior  mann]1 & con/ruct$ ! :ole (
 ! wood-"w 9 an excell5t  /yle4 ,nay1 he
 made ! head1 & l9$ x ) wooll5 v neatly2
  &1 aft] all1 l5t a h& t[>ds ! pa9t+4  
,8 wages 7 only  eight rupees 7tw5ty    
%ill+s7 mon?ly1 & he nev] _h be5 conc]n$
  9 con/ruct+ any k9d ( vehicle1 except 

! hack]y 9 common use2  :i* has already 
be5 describ$4    ,! natives are         
extremely neglig5t reg>d+ ! /r5g? ( _!  
floors2 !y seem to be fully satisfi$ :5 
! places :]e !y lie  d[n on _! mats are 
tol]ably dry2 ?\gh x is by no means     
uncommon  to see ! :ole int]ior s       
extremely damp1 t1 if any se$s1 su* z   
:eat1 peas1 rice1 c41 happ5 to fall1 &  
to be swept to ! skirts (  ! ap>tm5ts1  
su* are sure to vegetate2 frequ5tly     
exhibit+ a v  promis+ blade1 be=e !y    
fall1 r 9 consequ5ce ( accid5t1  ?an (  
design on ! "p ( ! t5ants4 ,:atev] !    
floor+ may  consi/ (1 :e!r clay1 or     
t>ras1 t ( ! eat+ ap>tm5t is1  almo/    
inv>iably1 sme>$ ) a solution ( c[-dung2
 :i* c]ta9ly  gives a fre%ness1 & may   
probably t5d to salubrity2 nor is x s   
devoid ( neatness z an ,european w\ld   
imag9e2 b ! sc5t is by no  means        
agreeable4 ,"s ornam5t bo? ! int]ior1 & 
! ext]ior1 (  _! h\ses1 by dipp+ ! palms
 ( _! h&s1 horizontally1 into  solutions
 ( o*re1 *iefly r$1 & !n impr9t+ ! walls

 )  _! h&s ?us color$4 ,^! pr9ts are put
 on irregul>ly1 by no  means prov+ !    
ta/e ( ! op]ators1 :o1 nev]!less1       
consid]  _! huts to be1 79 ! language ( 
*ur*-w>d5s17 #8beautifi$2' !  great     
consid]ation is1 h[ev]1 to typify !     
inf9ite p[] ( !  ,creator1 ^: h&s are   
suppos$ to be innum]able1 & p]petually 9
  action4 ,ev5 horses1 especially if    
:ite or dun color$1 are v  frequ5tly    
m>k$ 9 ! same mann]1 by means ( m9dy1   
7or  h9nah27 :i*1 be+ r$uc$ to a pulp1  
is appli$ to ! "p 9  su* =m z x may be  
int5d$ to appe>4 ,?is pla/]1 = ,i "k n  
:at else to call x1 is all[$ to rema9   
until p]fectly dry2 :5 x  commonly      
cracks & falls (f1 leav+ a ri* b>r      
color2 ?\gh1 if  n all[$1 ei!r by !     
animal's re/lessness1 or f want ( "t1   
to imp>t its color+ matt] duly1 ! /a9 w 
%ew mu* fa9t]2  p]haps n unlike a light 
mahogany color4    ,! natives r>ely omit
 to t+e ab\t t5 in*es1 or a foot1 ( !   
extremity ( ! tail ( e light-color$     
horse ) m9dy3  sometimes1 also1 at ab\t 

two in*es asund]1 "o or two r+s are     
/a9$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,nor is ?is h]b    
re/rict$ solely to !  ornam5t+1 or1 r1 !
 disguis+ ( horses1 ox5 c42 !           
,h9do/anee ladies g5]ally /a9 ! :ole ( !
 int]ior ( _!  h&s1 includ+ ! f+]s1 z   
well z ! soles ( _! feet1 )  m9dy2 !    
tips ( all ! nails are sure to und]go ! 
op]ation2  :i* (t5 compels ! p>ty su/a9+
 ?is gratify+ p5ance1 to sit  motionless
 = h\rs2 9 ord] t ! dye may take a firm 
hold ( !  sk94 ,:5 prop]ly manag$1 ! /a9
 w rema9 = at lea/ a mon?2  resi/+ e    
endeavor to wa% x out1 & seem+ only to  
yield to  ! con/ant gr[? ( ! out] sk94  
,x has (t5 occurr$ to me1 t1 possibly1  
an excell5t dye =  wooll5s might be     
obta9$ f ! h9nah1 :i*1 be+ inspissat$1  
or r$uc$ to an extract1 c\ld be import$ 
among our dy]s )  peculi> advantage4 ,! 
plant1 :i* is n unlike myrtle1 is       
indig5\s  ?r\gh\t ,h9do/an1 :]e x is    
pr9cipally employ$ 9 mak+ g>d5  h$ges1  
mu* ! same z yew1 box1 c41 are among u2 
b1 ow+ to its  n prov+ a def5ce aga9/   

cattle1 & be+ ( sl[ gr[?1 !  ext]ior    
h$ges1 9 lieu ( be+ =m$ ( h9nah1 are    
usually made  ( baubool1 a species (    
mimosa1 yield+ "s gum1 & o!rwise        
extremely s]viceable2 bo? f ! excell5ce 
( its wood1 = all  circul> or angul> "w1
 requir+ great /r5g?1 durability1 &     
t\ghness2 & = its b>k1 :i* is at lea/   
equal to t ( ! oak  = tann+4 ,! natives 
consid] ! application ( m9dy to be      
att5d$ ) good effects2 !y say x is      
cool+1 b ,i %\ld r  appreh5d x 7 !      
rev]se1 x be+ c]ta9ly an a/r+5t1 &      
contribut+ to *eck p]spiration3 h5ce1 ! 
h&s ( su* z apply x  commonly h a h>%1  
dry feel4 ,t x may be a corrective ( t  
sc5t sometimes att5dant ^u an habitual  
dis*>ge f ! feet1 may  be true2 b1 x    
rema9s /ill to be que/ion$1 :e!r !      
ob/ruction  ( su* a dis*>ge c be        
reconcil$ to prud5ce3 x is1 h[ev]1 a    
compla9t v r>ely to be met ) 9 ,india2  
d\btless ow+ to  frequ5t wa%+1 & to t   
abundant & g5]al p]spiration :i*  %ews  
itself v conspicu\sly4                  

,,end ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,volume           
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,transcrib]'s ,note    ,an ext5d$       
quotation on ! private lives ( wom51    
beg9n+ on p4  #cdg1 is cont9u$ ) ea*    
p>agraph ) an op5+ s+le quotation  m>k1 
:i* conv5tion ends ambigu\sly1 )\t      
comm5t1 on p4 #djh4 ,!  succe$+ p>agraph
 beg9s a section on kite fly+4 ,?is is !
 only  portion ( ! book to employ       
footnotes1 save = ^? us$ to annotate  a 
poem beg9n+ on p4 #ejd4    ,^? footnotes
 are mov$ to foll[ ! p>agraph )9 :i* !y 
are  ref]5ces1 & a sequ5c$ num]ically = 
uniqu5ess4 ,notes #c & #g  are ref]5c$  
twice ea* 9 ! text4 ,! ?ree notes on !  
poem  beg9n+ on p4 #ejd are lett]$ ,a1  
,b1 & ,c4    ,keep+ 9 m9d ! v9tage ( !  
text1 spell+ has g5]ally be5  foll[$4   
,9 a discussion ( language le>n+1 on p4 
#agh1 ! phrase 8he add$  five words ea* 
mon?0 seems an error1 b x is impossible 
to det]m9e  :at ! au?or mu/ h meant4    
,hyph5ation ( comp\nd words c be        

v>iable4 ,:]e x occurs on a l9e  break1 
! mo/ commonly us$ =m is assum$4        
,errors deem$ mo/ likely to be ! pr9t]'s
 h be5 correct$1 &  are not$ "h4 ,!     
ref]5ces are to ! page & l9e 9 !        
orig9al4  ,! foll[+ issues %\ld be not$1
 along ) ! resolutions4      #aag4a     
l>ge quantities ( good fi%              
,add$4      #afh4c    res5tm5t at !     
villia_/ain's audacity      ,transpos$4 
#afh4ae   f\nd$ on per_/rejudice        
,transpos$4      #agh4ai   five words   
sic4      #bcc4be   & t the s\p is well 
flavor$           ,add$4      #bec4aa   
:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x is greatly         
,add$4             depreciat$2          
#cjd4ab   t ! ,ooreeahs are             
,add$4      #cec4bi   :5ev] ,soonees & &
 ,%eeaus         ,remov$4               
int]m>ry      #cgh4bh   ,contra/ ?is    
simple lam5tation             ,add$4    
#chj4bf   ^u enquir+ into ! symptoms    
,add$4      #dda4h    roses 7 collect$  
on diff]5t days4'     ,remov$4