,transcrib]'s ,note ,obvi\s typos & miss+ punctuation correct$4 ,antiquat$ use ( #8,v' = #8,u'1 old] spell+s 7e4g4 opake71 inconsi/5t spell+s 7e4g4 arti/ names & "w titles71 & "s inconsi/5cies 9 =matt+ ( text h be5 reta9$4 ,"w titles 8,tig] ,hunt0 & 8,tig] tak+ ! ,wat]0 h be5 add$ to ! captions ( ,plates ,,xxxvi & ,,xxxvii respectively4 ,small caps 9 ! orig9al are repres5t$ by ,,all ,,caps4 ,italics 9 ! orig9al are repres5t$ by und]scores surr\nd+ ! italic text4 ,sup]scripts 9 ! orig9al are repres5t$ by a c>et prec$+ ! rais$ "*4 ,! fir/ plate %[s a lion's head break+ ?r\gh an engrav$ tablet1 remov+ "s ( ! lett]s 9 ! middle4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #a ,,tw5ty ,,engrav+s ( ,,lions ,,tig]s ,,pan!rs ,,leop>ds ,,by ,,?o ,,l&se] f ,,orig9als by ,,/vbbs ,,rvb5s ,,spilsbvry4 ,,rembrant ,,edw9 ,,reyd+] ,,l&se] ) an ,,essay on #ahbc ! ,,c>nivora by ,j4 ,lan ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,engrav+s ,,( ,,lions1 ,,tig]s1 ,,pan!rs1 ,,leop>ds ,,dogs1 c4 ,,*iefly ,,aft] ,,! ,,designs ,,( ,,sir ,,edw9 ,,l&se]1 ,,by ,,8 ,,bro!r1 ,,?omas ,,l&se]4 ,,pr9t$ ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,plates ,,publi%$ ,,betwe5 #ahbc ,,& #ahbh4 ,,london3 ,,h5ry ,g4 ,,bohn1 ,,york ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 ,,mdcccliii4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,,design] ,,engrav] #a ,lion c\*ant1 ,frontispiece ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #b ,leop>d1 aft] ,rid+] ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #c ,lions1 aft] ,rub5s ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #d ,tig]1 f ,nature ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #e ,leop>ds1 aft] ,rub5s ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #f ,cont5d+ ,gr\p1 f ,nature ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #g ,lion & ,snake1 f ,nature ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #h ,s5egal ,lion & ,lioness1 aft] ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] ,rid+] #i ,lion & ,tig]1 aft] ,/ubbs ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #aj ,tigress1 f ,nature ,t4 ,,l&se] ,t4 ,l&se] #aa ,lions1 aft] ,rub5s ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #ab ,pan!rs1 aft] ,/ubbs ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #ac ,pan!rs1 aft] ,/ubbs ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #ad ,leop>ds & ,pan!rs1 aft] ,/ubbs ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #ae ,lions1 aft] ,rub5s ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #af ,lions1 aft] ,rub5s ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #ag ,lioness & ,bit*1 f ,cross's ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,m5ag]ie ,,l&se] #ah ,lion1 aft] ,rid+] ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] #ai ,tig] & ,indian ,bullock1 f ,nature ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #bj ,s5egal ,lion1 aft] ,rid+] ,black-man$ ,lion1 aft] ,rembr&t ,,spilsbury ,t4 ,l&se] ,lioness1 aft] ,rid+] #ba ,neptune1 a ,newf\ndl& ,dog ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #bb ,brutus1 a ,t]ri] ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #bc ,portrait ( a ,cross ( ! ,dog & ,fox ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #bd ,dogs sett+ a ,h>e ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #be ,vix51 a ,scot* ,t]ri] ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #bf ,fox ,h\nds ( ! ,hatfield ,hunt ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #bg ,proctor1 ,/udy ( a ,blood-h\nd's ,head ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #bh ,bob1 a fav\rite ,t]ri] ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #bi ,! ,poa*]1 8,! ,wily ,fox0 ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #cj ,alp9e ,ma/iff ,,edw9 ,t4 ,l&se] ,,l&se] #ca ,old ,dog looks l a ,picture ,,edw9 ,j4 ,webb ,,l&se] #cb ,fight betwe5 8,jacko ,maccacco10 a celebrat$ ,monkey1 ,t4 & ,mr4 ,?os4 ,cribb's ,,l&se] ,t4 ,l&se] well kn[n bit* 8,puss0 #cc ,little ,billy1 a celebrat$ ,bull ,dog ,t4 ,,l&se] ,t4 ,l&se] #cd ,black ,cap1 a ,h>ri]'s head ,g4 ,h4 ,,laporte ,t4 ,l&se] #ce ,dead ,r$ ,de] ,,edw9 ,j4 ,r4 ,scott ,,l&se] #cf ,tig] ,hunt ,t4 ,,l&se] ,t4 ,l&se] #cg ,tig] tak+ ! ,wat] ,,sir ,c4 ,t4 ,l&se] ,d',,oyly1 ,b>t4 #ch ,elephants return+ f ! ,hunt ,,sir ,c4 ,t4 ,l&se] ,d',,oyly1 ,b>t4 #ci ,r$ ,de] ,r4 ,,hills ,t4 ,l&se] ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,c>nivor\s ,,quadrup$s4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,plates4 ,t !re has hi!rto exi/$ no good book ( ,engrav+s ( ! nobl] wild animals1 to assi/ ! progress ( ! /ud5t 9 t dep>tm5t ( ,art1 is to be regrett$4 ,! tal5ts ( ,mr4 ,,john ,,scott1 br\ght into action by ^? ( ,,gilp91 ,,coop]1 & ! ,,re9agles1 h pres5t$ ! public ) excell5t repres5tations ( ! di/+ui%$ ornam5ts ( ! turf3 ! sports ( ! field1 & ! habits & mann]s ( ! can9e race1 7 also duly hon\r$3 b ( ! f]oci\s ,,tig] tribe1 & ! lordly ,,lion1 we h no?+ extant t w\ld be> critical inspection1 beyond a few deta*$ pr9ts3--no?+ l a collection ( figures1 ^: ju/ness & accuracy ( =m1 action1 "*1 & expression1 might be reli$ on4 ,does any read] imag9e t ! v>i\s ,et*+s :i* h be5 p]=m$--*iefly abroad--by ,arti/s ( no mean ability1 may be consid]$ z exceptions8 ,!y are n exceptions3 or at be/1 ! numb] :i* might be s reg>d$ is b small1 & ^?1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( dim5sions n accommodat$ to ! draw] ( ! cab9et1 or ! %elf ( ! libr>y4 ,b !y are n objectionable on ?is gr\nd alone4 ,speak+ ( !m 9 ! aggregate1 ! heavi] *>ge lies aga9/ !m ( be+ insuffici5t to ^? purposes ( ta/e & in=mation :i* are ! ends ( ,art4 ,ev5 ^? aft] ,,titian & aft] ,,rub5s 7! latt] ( :om has p]haps pa9t$ a great] numb] ?an any o!r ( ! old ma/]s7 are f> m defici5t 9 =m1 "*1 & expression1 ?an is g5]ally suppos$1 or ?an w be easily believ$1 by ^? :o h n actually comp>$ !m ) ! ,lions1 ,leop>ds1 & ,tig]s ( ,nature4 ,!y h be5 tak5 too mu* on ! cr$it :i* atta*es to ! great names ( _! au?ors4--,nor is ?is int5d$ to impugn ! m]its1 z hi/orical or poetical pa9t]s1 ( ^? di/+ui%$ ,arti/s1 b simply z an ass]tion ( tru?4 ,x is possible1 t z a pa9t] ( allegory1 ,,rub5s might consid] t /rong infusion ( human =m1 "*1 & expression1 by :i* 8 ,lions1 = example1 are di/+ui%$1 z necess>y1 or conducive1 to 8 allegorical purposes2 or1 x is possible t 8 k ( ?is animal may n h be5 ?or\ghly well-gr\nd$1 & t he may h lab\r$ "u e>ly prejudice ( m9d1 or ( vision1 9 ?is "p ( 8 education z a ,pa9t]1 & may n h se5 ,lions z !y really are4 ,?is is :at ! writ] is mo/ incl9$ to believe1 7?\gh n to insi/72 = ev5 9 treat+ ! subject ( ,daniel 9 ! d5 ( ,lions--! sc5e ( :i*1 by ! way1 he has n repres5t$ z a royal m5ag]ie1 b z a wild1 rocky cav]n--8 animals p>take ( ! artificial "* ( :i* we _c br+ ourselves to approve4 ,( ?is fact1 h[ev]1 we purpose to exhibit pro( ) our ass]tion4 ,improv$ v]sions1 to ! be/ abilities ( our ,arti/s1 ( "s ( ^! ,lions ( ,,rub5s & ! ,assyrian k+1 w "h be introduc$1 :i* ! read]1 :o pleases1 may comp>e ) ! orig9als4 ,our second1 ?ird1 & f\r? ,plates are ( ! numb]4 ,! ,lions ( ,,rub5s are humaniz$4 ,we d n int5d to discuss at l5g? :e!r ! ideality ( allegorical pa9t+ requir$ ?is3 we only /ate ! fact3 yet ! op9ions :i* we felt at lib]ty to =m on ! subject1 we feel at lib]ty to utt]4 ,s mu* 9 apology = us+ ! lic5ce ( ass]t+ t ! heads ( _m ( ! ,lions ( ,,rub5s r resemble ^? ( fr[n+ old g5tlem5 decorat$ ) ,ramillies wigs2 z if ,nature's j\rneym5 _h made manes1 & n made !m well4 ,!re is a pr(usion ( fl[+ & curl+ hair1 :i* seems r to solicit ! ungu5ts ( ! p]fum]1 ?an to h endur$ ! torrid heats ( ! des]t1 or ! r\gh /orms ( ! =e/4 ,! %ag ( a ,lion's mane is a v diff]5t sort ( ?+4 ,h[ev] su* dress$ ,lions may be ?\ght to accord ) ,allegory1 !y are demon/rably at v>iance ) ,nature4 ,to be sure1 :at might become a ,lion 9 ! procession ( ! ,c>d9al ,virtues1 might be r unsuitable 9 8 d51 or )9 ! prec9cts ( ^? wild haunts1 :]e he is accu/om$ to roam 9 8 natural /ate4 ,we h (t5 read ( ! fabl$ ,m5-bulls1 or 7,m9otaurs17 & we f9d su* on ! co9age ( ,crete4 ,^! allegorical creatures ( ,,rub5s1 :i*1 alas6 h sometimes be5 quot$ by ,arti/s )\t half 8 g5ius1 & plac$ 9 savage conflicts1 or beside _! ,britannias--are a species ( ,m5-lions4 ,plac$ among ! ,saban sculptures1 !y might pass = inc>nations ( ,sol 9 ,leo2 b w\ld v ill pass = ,leo alone4 ,among ! obs]v]s ( ?is poetic improvem5t1 or ?is natural & unpoetical defici5cy1 on ! "p ( ,,rub5s1 ,,titian1 ,,julio ,,romano1 & o!r pa9t]s1 bo? anci5t & mod]n2 & ( ! consequ5t desid]atum on ! "p ( ! public1 ( a cab9et or libr>y collection ( ! nobl] wild animals 9 a /ate ( ,nature1 s z to answ] ! purposes ( ref]5ce1 :ile !y conduc$ to ! pleasures ( ,ta/e1 7 ,mr4 ,,edg> ,,spilsbury & ,mr4 ,,?omas ,,l&se]4 ,:e!r or n ! public 8look$ up to !m = light0 on t subject1 7to use ! language ( ,,/]ne17 !y ?\ght ! ,public 8des]v$ x20 & !y !re=e1 z ! be/ practical means ( elicit+ t light1 fir/ copi$ ! g5]al =ms & attitudes ( mo/ ( ! wild animals t appe> 9 ?is book1 f ! old ma/]s--g5]ally speak+1 f works t are well kn[n--& !n1 w5t to ,nature & correct$ ! details4 ,!y c>ri$ ) !m :at1 9 ^? anci5t ma/]s1 0 m]itori\s 9 composition1 attitude & *i>oscuro1 & br\ght away1 to ! be/ ( _! ability--sup]add+ x to1 & bl5d+ x )1 ! above--accuracy ( detail4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #b ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,leop>d aft] ,,reyd+]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,e arti/ does be/1 t :i* he is be/ qualifi$ & be/ dispos$ to d4 ,9 complet+ ! numb] ( plates t has be5 f\nd necess>y = ! ,"w1 ,mr4 ,,edw9 ,,l&se] has *os5 to proce$ t[>d ! same purpose1 ^u a diff]5t pr9ciple4 ,he has gone1 )\t any introductory m$ium1 directly to ! liv+ animals1 & has exhibit$ ! savage mann]s & habits ( ^! quadrup$s1 accord+ to 8 own ideas & obs]vations4 ,on ! di/9ction betwe5 ,,"* & ,,expression1 we %all n[ deliv] our op9ion4 ,by ! ,"* ( an animal1 we mean ^? p]man5cies ( 8 look & features :i* he always (f]s to view :5 9 a placid1 or unimpassion$ /ate3 by 8 ,expression1 ! v>iations ( muscul> action sup]9duc$ on "*1 to :i* he is liable1 z ! /orms ( passion sweep by1 & 8 m9d becomes agitat$ by ext]nal circum/ances act+ on ! ard\rs ( 8 in/9ct4 ,! =m]1 seems to hold its c\rt 9 ! solid & massy p>ts3 ! latt]1 agitates1 (ttimes rebelli\sly1 ! n]ves & muscles4 ,"* is ev] pres5t1 bo? 9 ! animal c\nt5ance1 & 9 ! 8human face div9e40 ,! mo/ viol5t expression does n proscribe1 or oblit]ate1 "*4 ,individuality consi/s ( x1 z f> z conc]ns ext]nal appe>ance2 & x =ms ! sy/em ( v[els ( ! language ( ,nature1 )\t :i* no ,expression c\ld be4 ,:oev] reg>ds ! faces ( a flock ( ,%eep1 w see 9 !m an inf9ite v>iety ( ,"*1 ) v little ,expression1 & t little )\t div]sity3 & if we desc5d a /ep l[] 9 ! scale ( be+1 & contemplate ! f9ny tribe1 :]e ,"* is n want+1 we f9d no ,expression at all4 ,ev5 ,trees & inanimate objects1 possess ,"*4 ,we recollect a poetical fri5d ( ours1 n[ 9 ,italy1 say+ t e tree & e rock _h a face--b ( ?is we are n s c]ta92 ?\gh v c]ta91 t !re is en\gh ( ,"* 9 rocks & trees1 to make a poet ?9k s4 ,"* & ,expression1 9 ! c>nivor\s class ( animals1 to :i* we "h solicit att5tion1 are always co-exi/5t--_! proportions v>y+ ) ! exi/+ occasions--9 pictorial exhibitions ( su* subjects4 ,no4 ,,ii4 ,!re is mu* ,"*1 & little ,expression1 9 ! repos+ ,leop>d ) 8 %ea!d claws1 :i* is %ewn 9 ! pres5t engrav+1 copi$ by ,mr4 ,,spilsbury f ,,rid+]1 & correct$ f ,nature4 ,,rid+] 0 an arti/ ( great p[]1 :o /udi$ wild animals 9 _! seque/]$ haunts1 z is %ewn 9 8 gr& =e/ back-gr\nds2 & :o1 g5]ally speak+1 left little or no room = o!rs to improve1 except on "s few ( 8 inf]ior works4 ,! pres5t is an int]e/+ & beautiful animal1 yet !re is a lat5t capability ( mis*ief *>act]is$ 9 8 c\nt5ance1 & we might ask1 9 ! language ( ,job1 8,:o %all d>e to r\se him up80 ,no4 ,,iii4 ,,two ,,c\*ant ,,lions1 ,,aft] ,,rub5s1 tak5 f 8 celebrat$ picture be=e allud$ to1 ( ! ,prophet ,daniel inc>c]at$ 9 ! d54 ,! ,lions are "h suppos$ to be miracul\sly held 9 a /ate ( tranquillity4 ,"h1 too1 is n mu* ,expression1 b an extraord9>y gr&eur ( ,"*1 suit$ to ! greatness ( an occasion :]e ! ,deity himself especially int]f]es to seal up ! voraci\s en]gies ( ! mo/ t]rible ( 8 creatures1 9 calm submission4 ,!re is a "* ( royal dignity m+l$ ) ?is submission1 :i* is v impressive1 & ev5 sublime4 ,! writ] e/eems ?is to be a successful re/oration ( ! ,nature t 0 want+ 9 ! pr9ts ( ?is subject1 7:i* has (t5 be5 engrav$ by ,,pic>t & o!rs17 aft] ,,rub5s4 ,! orig9al picture x has be5 our ill-=tune nev] to h se54 ,! %aggy manes1 & ! lat5t t]ror t sits gloomily en?ron$ 9 ! op5 eyes ( ! sup]ior ,lion--suit$ to ! d>kness ( ! d51 & ! nature ( ?is animal's s5se ( vision1--are z well ?\ght (1 z !y are execut$2 & are v>i$ ) mu* address f ! clos$ eyes ( ! c\*+ ,lion beyond1 ( :i* also ! "* is mo/ happily m>k$4 ,a p[]ful & div9e spell possesses !m bo?4 ,no4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,tig] ,,:i* ,,m>*es ,,9 ,,our ,,procession1 )\t an object be=e him to call =? emotion1 possesses a calm "*1 comb9$ ) ! resi/less /r5g? ( t dreadful quadrup$2 ^: v tranquillity1 9 8 leisure saunt]+1 :5 no excitem5t is act+ on 8 n]ves1 has an appall+ effect4--,8 br[ is cl\d$1 ?\gh 8 claws are %ea!d4 ,!re is a possibility ( a dreadful /orm :i* may n be f> di/ant1 & t is en\gh to /amp ! ,tig]'s "*4 ,none %all d>e to ar\se 8 en]gies1 nor to enc\nt] !m :5 ar\s$4 ,no4 ,v4 ,,?is ,,gr\p ,,( ,,playful ,,leop>ds1 ,,aft] ,,rub5s1 mu/ be suppos$ to belong to ! jocund tra9 ( ,bac*us1 s9ce !y are luxuriat+ at _! ease1 among grapes & v9e bran*es4 ,^! ,leop>ds are d\btless int5d$ to h a degree ( playful expression--induc$ p]haps by ! exhil>at+ juice ( ! grape3 & we %\ld 8guess0 7z ,jona?an says7 t ?is gr\p 0 /udi$ f a litt] ( half-gr[n kitt5s4 ,few1 h[ev]1 except ! sailors :o 7 accu/om$ to gambol ) ! ,tig]-cub on bo>d ! ,pitt ,ea/-,indiaman1 w\ld l to v5ture to frolic ) !m4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #c ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,lions aft] ,,rub5s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #d ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,tig] aft] ,,nature4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #e ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,leop>ds aft] ,,rub5s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #f ,e4 ,l&se] delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,cont5d+ ,,gr\p aft] ,,nature4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,no4 ,,vi4 ,9 ?is ,,gr\p by ,,mr4 ,,edw9 ,,l&se] !re is mu* ( viol5t animal ,expression1 & ,"* fades be=e x1 or r1 is absorb$ 9 x4 ,x tells a /ory ( ! pa/ z well z ! pres5t1 & is pregnant ) a cata/rophe n difficult to anticipate f ! actions & expressions ( ! p>ties engag$4 ,a ,,fawn has be5 seiz$ by a ,,leop>d1 :o has be5 despoil$ ( 8 prey by a m p[]ful ,,tig]4 ,! ,tig] 9 8 turn becomes ! victim ( an enrag$ ,,lion4 ,! expression ( ! w\nd$ ,leop>d is t ( pa9ful suff]+ m+l$ ) dread4 ,toge!r1 !y am\nt to agony4 ,he %rieks :ile he submits4 ,! ,tig] is /ill enrag$ & resi/+1 ?\gh a/\nd$ ) ! p[] & sudd5ness ( ! ,lion's attack4 ,he is los+ 8 en]gy ( resi/ance1 & is beg9n+ to feel t all resi/ance is va94 ,he ro>s ) angui%2 :ile 8 expression is t ( t]ror1 & indignation n yet subdu$4 ,! ,lion1 :o has j made 8 ?und]+ spr+1 appe>s consci\s ( hav+ fatally seiz$ 8 adv]s>y1 & luxuriates fe>lessly 9 8 victory2 & ) a p[]ful & j expression ( c>nivor\s enjoym5t4--,mean:ile ! *>act]s ( ! animals1 sev]ally1 are fai?fully & specifically repres5t$4 ,al?\gh our ma9 purpose be to exhibit r a pictorial ?an a physiological view ( ! subject3 hav+ descant$ on ! ^w ,"*1 we %all probably be expect$ to add1 at lea/ a ^w or two1 on ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! c>nivor\s class ( quadrup$s4 ,! g5]ic *>act]s ( ! ,fel9e1 or ,cat1 k9d1 are easily enum]at$ 9 ! concise language ( ! naturali/s4 ,_! heads are r\nd2 _! visages %ort3 !y h six cutt+ tee?1 & two can9e1 9 ei!r jaw3 _! tongues are aculeat$1 ! prickles incl9+ backw>d2 _! claws %>p1 hook$1 & retractile2 _! e>s small & acum9at$2 !y h five toes on ea* ( ! =e-feet1 & f\r only on ^? beh9d4 ,( ?is g5]a ( ,cats1 we "h exhibit ! f\r pr9cipal species1 ,lions1 ,tig]s1 ,leop>ds1 & ,pan!rs1 ( :i* ! ,lion is ju/ly plac$ at ! head--at lea/1 ! unanim\s voice ( ages has pron\nc$ him to be ! k+ ( bea/s1 & we h en?ron$ him accord+ly 9 our ,title-page1 7,no4 ,i47 ,!y =m a tribe t is especially & prop]ly ,c>nivor\s1 be+ ! only class ( quadrup$s t are exclusively fle%-eat]s4 ,_! jaws are v completely arm$ = ?is purpose2 _! can9e tee? be+ v long & angul>1 ) ! edges ( ! angles turn$ t[>d ! inside ( _! m\?s2 s t :5 ! animal has caus$ !m to meet1 or cross ea* o!r 9 ! fle% ( its prey1 ^! =midable tee? w cut or te> a way ?r\gh1 by draw+ !m back )\t op5+ 8 m\?4 ,_! claws1 & ! =mation ( _! feet1 too1 are em95tly conducive to _! pr$aci\s & c>nivor\s habits4 ,!y walk on _! toes3 yet n s mu* f t habitual /eal?9ess ( pace1 by :i* !y advance unp]ceiv$ till )9 a spr+ ( _! prey2 z because x is also ! means ( t cel]ity ( motion :i* is necess>y to ! v exi/5ce ( animals t c fe$ only on fle%4 ,_! claws are exce$+ly p[]ful2 & !y are enabl$ to draw !m up into %ea?s betwe5 _! toes1 s z to prev5t _! po9ts f t\*+ ! gr\nd2 :5ce !y are call$ retractile2 & ^? claws are1 9 consequ5ce1 always kept %>p1 unworn1 & ready = active s]vice4 ,! eyes ( ! ,fel9e tribe--( e face 9 nature a /rik+ & important feature--v>y 9 ! diff]5t species1 & are capable ( mu* alt]ation 9 ! same animal2 z in/9ctive impulse1 or int]nal emotion1 *anges ! expression ( 8 c\nt5ance2 & also f ! degrees ( light :i* act ^u _! pupils4 ,( ,lions ! pupils ( ! eyes are circul>1 & n ( a yell[ col\r1 z has be5 /at$ 9 ! mo/ diffuse mod]n diss]tations on ! ,c>nivora1 b black4 ,x is ! iris ( ! ,lion's eye t is yell[4 ,!y appe> to be be/ suit$ to nocturnal1 or twilight1 vision2 & h5ce ! ,lion r>ely hunts 8 prey :ile ! sun is above ! horizon--p]haps nev]1 b :5 press$ by hung] 9 an extraord9>y degree4 ,! ,tig]1 on ! contr>y1 w seek 8 prey by day z well z by night2 & dur+ twilight ! col\r ( 8 eyes is t ( a blue-gre5 flame4 ,if a /rang] passes ne> a ,tig] 9 a m5ag]ie1 ! col\r ( ! animal's eyes w sometimes alt] sudd5ly1 f yell[-gre5 to blue-gre52 n f any alt]ation 9 ! degree ( light act+ ^u !m1 b f m5tal excitem5t1 & f a c]ta9 natural facility ( expansion & contraction ( ! eye-pupils4 ,h5ce a *>act]i/ic diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,lion & ! ,tig]4 ,! habits ( ! latt] are diurnal1 & he disreg>ds night-fires3 ! ,lion1 on ! contr>y1 ^: eyes are n calculat$ = ! gl>e ( day1 _c be> to enc\nt] fire-light at night4 ,yet ^! physical con=mations are sometimes ov]come by ! rage ( hung]2 & h5ce1 9 ,,mr4 ,,edw9 ,,l&se]',s cont5d+ gr\p1 ! ,lion is repres5t$ z attack+ ! ,tig] al?\gh x be day4 ,,mr4 ,,bell treats le>n$ly1 & we believe ) mu* orig9ality1 ( ! facial-muscles ( ?is class ( quadrup$s1 9 8 8,anatomy ( ,expression40--,we %all (f] a few extracts1 by :i* ! read] w p]ceive h[ limit$ are _! p[]s ( expression ( c\nt5ance1 :5 comp>$ ) ^? ( human nature1 not)/&+ _! sup]iority ov] all o!r quadrup$s4 8,! viol5t passions m>k !mselves s di/9ctly on ! c\nt5ances bo? ( m5 & ( animals1 t we are apt 9 ! fir/ in/ance to consid] ! movem5ts by :i* !y are indicat$1 z c]ta9 signs or *>act]s provid$ by ,nature1 = ! express purpose ( intimat+ ! int]nal emotion2 & to suppose t !y are int]pret$ by ! obs]v] 9 consequ5ce ( a peculi> & in/9ctive faculty4 ,?is view ( ?+s1 h[ev]1 s natural at fir/ sight1 is n altoge!r satisfactory to philosophy2 & a m jeal\s obs]vation ( ! facts1 seems to sugge/ an opposite !ory1 9 :i* in/9ctive ag5cy is reject$1 & ! appe>ances are expla9$ f a consid]ation ( ! necessities & volunt>y ex]tions ( ! animal4 ,) reg>d to ! obs]v]1 x has be5 ass]t$1 t x is by exp]i5ce alone t he di/+ui%es ! signs ( ! passions2 t we le>n1 :ile infants1 to consid] smiles z expressions ( k9dness1 because !y are accompani$ by acts ( b5efic5ce & by ende>m5ts2 & fr[ns z ! contr>y1 because we f9d !m foll[$ by bl[s2 t ! expression ( ang] 9 a brute1 is only t :i* has be5 obs]v$ to prec$e 8 bit+2 & t ( fondness1 8 fawn+ & lick+ ( ! h&4 ,) reg>d to ! creature itself1 x is said1 :at has be5 call$ ! ext]nal signs ( passion1 are m]ely ! concomitants ( ^? volunt>y movem5ts1 :i* ! passions or habits sugge/2 t ! gl>e ( ! ,lion's eye1 = example1 is ! consequ5ce ( a volunt>y ex]tion to see 8 prey m cle>ly--8 gr91 or sn>l1 ! natural motion ( uncas+ 8 fangs be=e he uses !m4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n q true ( all animals & ( all expression ( passion40 8,att5d+ m]ely to ! evid5ce furni%$ by anatomical inve/igation1 all t ,i %all v5ture to affirm is ?is3 t a rem>kable diff]5ce is to be f\nd betwe5 ! anatomy & range ( expression1 9 man & 9 animals3 t 9 ! =m] !re seems to be a sy/ematic provision = t mode ( communication & t natural language1 :i* is to be read 9 ! *anges ( ! c\nt5ance3 t !re is no emotion 9 ! m9d ( man :i* has n its appropriate signs2 & t !re are ev5 muscles 9 ! human face to :i* no o!r use c be assign$ ?an to s]ve z ! organs ( ?is language3 t1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is 9 ! l[] animals no range ( expression :i* is n fairly ref]able z a m]e access>y to ! volunt>y or ne$ful actions ( ! animal2 & t ?is access>y expression does n appe> to be 9 any degree comm5surate to ! v>iety & ext5t ( ! animal's passions40 8,!re appe>s to me 7cont9ues ,,mr4 ,,bell7 to be no expression 9 ! face ( any animal l[] 9 ! scale ( be+ ?an quadrup$s2 & 9 !m ! /ronge/ & mo/ m>k$ expression is t ( rage2 ! object ( :i* is opposition1 resi/ance1 & def5ce4 ,b on exam9ation x w be f\nd 7consi/5tly ) ! position1 t ?is is m]ely an access>y ( ! motions natural to ! accompli%m5t ( ! object :i* ! animal has 9 view7 t ! /r5g? ( ! expression is 9 exact proportion to ! /r5g? ( ! pr9cipal action 9 ! creature :5 ?us excit$4 8,! gramnivor\s animals1 :i* seek _! subsi/5ce1 n by prey+ ^u o!rs1 nor by ! f]ocity1 conte/1 & victory :i* supply ! c>nivor\s ) food1 h 9 _! features no /rong expression ( rage4 ,_! expression is *iefly conf9$ inde$ to ! effect produc$ on ! g5]al sy/em4 ,?us ! inflam$ eye & ! brea?+ no/rils ( ! ,bull1 are induc$ only by ! g5]al excitem5t4 ,8 only prop] expression ( rage1 is 9 ! position ( ! head1 ) ! horns turn$ obliquely to ! gr\nd1 ready to /rike3 & inde$ x may be obs]v$ 9 g5]al t animals :i* /rike ) ! horns1 %ew little indication ( fe> or rage1 except 9 ! position ( ! head4 ,9 all gramnivor\s animals1 ! sk9 ( ! head is closely atta*$ to ! skull1 & capable only ( v limit$ motion3 ! eye is almo/ uni=mly mild1 & ! lips unmov$ by passion4 8,x is 9 c>nivor\s animals1 ) ^: habits & mann] ( life1 f]ocity is in/9ctively connect$1 z ! great means ( _! subsi/5ce1 t rage is di/+ui%$ by ! mo/ rem>kable /r5g? ( expression4 ,! eye-ball is t]rible1 & ! retraction ( ! fle% ( ! lips indicates ! mo/ savage fury4 ,b ! fir/1 is m]ely ! ex]t$ att5tion ( ! animal2 & ! o!r a prep>atory exposure ( ! can9e tee?4 ,! great animals ( prey--! ,lion & ! ,tig]--are q incapable ( any o!r expression ( feature1 ?an ?is p>ticul> display ( f]oci\sness4 ,:5 !y fawn ^u _! keep]1 !re is no motion 9 _! features t indicates affection40 ,9 ?is ass]tion1 t ! c\nt5ances ( ! great animals ( prey are incapable ( any o!r ?an f]oci\s expression1 we d n q co9cide ) our le>n$ physiologi/4 ,:5 !y fawn ^u _! keep]1 we ?9k t indications ( affection are exhibit$2 & f9d ourselves ready to ask :at else ?an k9dly expression is t 8lick+ ( ! h&0 :i* our au?or has be=e m5tion$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we %\ld grant t !y may n be capable ( affectionate expression t[>d _! keep]1 we c sc>cely d\bt t--t[>d _! "y--if we c\ld obs]ve !m 9 _! wild /ate1 & 9 _! mom5ts ( playful int]c\rse & enjoym5t among ea* o!r--!y are3 at lea/1 we ?9k !re are motions 9 _! features t indicate affection1 z well z fe>1 enquiry1 surprise1 gratitude1 pleasurable wantonness1 & "s o!r s5tim5ts1 or emotions4 ,?is is our conviction3 at ! same "t1 we p]ceive t ! range ( _! f]oci\s expression f> exce$s ! savage circle ( _! dome/ic *>ities4 ,are n ev5 ! lea/ ( ^! obs]vable 9 ! habits & mann]s ( ! dome/ic ,cat1 :o belongs to ! ,tig] g5]a8 ,b we h ev5 se5 a ,tig] 9 8 d51 :o look$ good-natur$ en\gh to be /rok$ & patt$3 & ( ! ,lion1 ( :om ,,mr4 ,,griffi? relates ! foll[+ anecdote1 :at c be said or ?\ght8 8,he>+ "s noise "u 8 cage1 ! ,lion pass$ 8 paw betwe5 ! b>s1 & actually haul$ up 8 keep] :o 0 clean+ b5ea?2 b z soon z he p]ceiv$ t he _h ?us ill us$ 8 ma/]1 he in/antly lay d[n ^u 8 back 9 an attitude ( complete submission40 ,or :at c be said ( ! circum/ance m5tion$ by ,,s5eca 7( :i* he 0 p]sonally witness71 ( a ,lion1 to :om a man1 :o _h =m]ly be5 8 keep]1 0 expos$ = de/ruction 9 ! amphi!atre at ,rome2 & :o 0 n only in/antly recognis$1 b def5d$ & protect$ by ! grateful bea/8--,or ( ! /ory relat$ by ,,dr4 ,,s\!y1 ( ! ,lion :o _h brok5 loose1 submitt+ to ! ,cid1 & all[+ himself to be l$ back peaceably to 8 place ( conf9em5t8 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #g ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,lion ,,snake aft] ,,nature4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,c\ld any pa9t] ( tal5t proce$ to repres5t ei!r ( ^! facts1 )\t f9d+ 9 ! c\nt5ance ( ! ,lion1 ! muscles & ! means ( express+ a correspond+ g5tl5ess1 or g5]osity1 ( feel+8 ,:at c\ld be said or ?\ght ( ^! ?+s8 ,:y x may be said1 & w be ?\ght1 by all ^? :o take bo? sides ( ! argum5t fairly into ! "q--t ,,mr4 ,,bell has discov]$ & decl>$1 t ! muscles ( affection1 d n exi/ 9 ! c>nivora4 ,ergo1 t ! s5tim5t :i* we s translate or ackn[l$ge--! appe>ances 7t is7 ) :i* we may f9d ourselves affect$--c only be expression ( a negative k9d2 result+ f ! relaxation ( ^? muscles ^: t5sion is necess>y to ! purposes1 or ! expression1 ( f]ocity3 t 8! =ce ( ,nature c no fur!r g20 & t ! pa9t]--! suppos$ pa9t]1 ( su* subjects1 :o is appeal$ to above--9 ord] to be 9 any degree successful1 mu/ 8make a ?ird1 by jo9+ ! =m] two0--t is to say1 by m+l+ a portion ( human nature ) t ( ! animal3 :i* br+s u r\nd to ! practice & ! probable !ory ( ,,rub5s2 ( :i* x af=ds m ju/ification1 & ( a high] k9d1 ?an sup]ficial reason]s c be aw>e (4 ,b1 :5 muscles ( affection are m5tion$1 d we talk ( a positive & ackn[l$g$ c]ta9ty2 or only ( a con/ruction t has be5 put ^u c]ta9 muscles ( ! face1 by ^? :o h an hypo!sis to ma9ta91 or :o c trace affectionate expression 9 no o!r8 ,&1 are we !nce to inf] ! exhau/ion ( ! subject1 & non-entity ( ! expression8 ,no4 ,,vii4 ,,mr4 ,,spilsbury',s ,,lion1 :o has turn$ r\nd 8 head to look at a ,snake1 af=ds a del9eat$ example 9 po9t4 ,"h is no m1 we ?9k1 ?an ! lat5t capability ( f]ocity3 j s mu* z _c be sep>at$ f ! native "* ( ?is noble quadrup$4--,! eye-ball is "h1 n 8t]rible20 nor is 8! mo/ savage fury0 indicat$ by ! retraction ( ! lips1 al?\gh ! l[] can9e tee? are expos$4 ,"h is a g5]al s5se ( dignity2 b ! lead+1 pres5t expression ( ! mom5t1 7z x /rikes u17 is t ( curiosity1 or excit$ att5tion2 m+l$ ) "s degree ( surprise t a contemptible little ,snake %\ld presume to roll 8 puny volumes 9 ! royal pres5ce4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! ,lion has he>d some?+ hiss1 & c>es a little1 to "k :at x may be4 ,w x be fur!r object$ t ?is is ,art8--,to be sure x is4 ,b we ?9k t su* ,lion-looks are to be se5 9 ,nature2 & t su* 7 se51 :5 ! ,dog :i* appeal$ to1 & obta9$1 ! royal pity1 0 fir/ ?r[n into ! ,lion's d5 at ! ,t[]4 ,we believe t ?is repres5tation ( ! ,lion & ,snake is n tak5 f any old ma/]1 b is ,,mr4 ,,spilsbury',s own design4 ,no4 ,,viii4 ,nei!r is !re any expression ( f]ocity1 b ( home com=t1 9 ^! two maneless ,lions--or ,,lion & ,,lioness ( ,,s5egal4 ,t :i* is asleep1 h[ev]1 r illu/rates our def9ition ( ,"*1 & is s f> out ( ! "q4 ,! ,lioness--:o is awake1 is a k9d ( ,belle-,sauvage4 ,entirely )\t f]ocity1 %e has "s little expression ( att5tion g5tly ar\s$ by "s slight cause--less important1 we %\ld ?9k ?an ! di/ant cry ( a ,*acal--a noise 9 ! d51 p]haps1 n l\d en\gh to make x wor? :ile to wake h] companion 9 ord] to see :at's ! matt]4 ,b h] expression ( c\nt5ance1 is almo/ z mild z t ( a kitt5 9 a *imney corn]4--,9 fact1 !y seem--not)/&+ _! ,h]culean /r5g?--a k9d ( he>?-rug ,lions4#a ,footnote #a3 ,?is 0 writt5 be=e ! beautiful he>?-rug ,lion introduc$ to u by ,mr4 ,crosse ( ,le$s1 & :i* is equal to ! f9e/ pa9t+4 ,aft] v5tur+ to express ?is slight diff]5ce ( op9ion 7if x am\nt to s mu*7 ) our di/+ui%$ anatomi/ ( ,expression1 we return1 ) becom+ respect1 to 8 valuable ,treatise3 ?\gh z we d n propose to exhibit1 l him1 an anatomical & comp>ative view ( ! ,c>nivor\s & ,gramnivor\s g5]a1 we %all conf9e ourselves to a %ort extract or two1 relat+ to ! ,c>nivora alone-- 8,x is ( man alone t we c ) /rict propriety say ! c\nt5ance is an index ( ! m9d1 hav+ expression correspond+ ) ea* emotion ( ! s\l4 ,o!r animals h no expression b t :i* arises by m]e accid5t1 ! concomitant ( ! emotions necess>y to ! accompli%m5t ( ! object ( ! passions40-- 8,i h to rem>k1 z relative to pa9t+1 7my orig9al subject ( enquiry7 t ?is rem>kable diff]5ce betwe5 ! expression 9 man1 & animals1 naturally leads u to inve/igate :at are ! peculi>ities ( m]e animal expression4 8,9 ord] to see di/9ctly :at ! peculi>ities ( m]e animal expression are1 x seems prop] to r$uce ! muscles ( expression 9 animals1 to _! prop] classes4 ,^! muscles1 z !y appe> 9 ! sev]al quadrup$s1 may be di/+ui%$ into--#a4 ,^? :i* raise ! lips f ! tee?3 #b4 ,^? :i* surr\nd ! eye-lids3 & #c4 ,^? :i* move ! no/rils40 ,he next proce$s to /ate t 89 ! ,c>nivor\s animal1 ! muscles ( ! lip are s direct$ z to raise ! lip f ! can9e tee?20--& ^! he di/+ui%es by ! "n ( 8,r+5tes1 or sn>l+ muscles40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #h ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,s5egal ,,lion ,,lioness aft] ,,reyd+]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #i ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,lion ,,tig] aft] ,,/ubbs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! sn>l+ muscles take _! orig9 f ! m>g9 ( ! orbit ( ! eye1 & f ! upp] jaw1 & are ins]t$ into t "p ( ! upp] lip f :i* ! :isk]s gr[1 & :i* is opposite to ! can9e tee?2 & al?\gh !y are assi/$ 9 ?is (fice by o!r muscles1 7! ma/icat+ & zygomatic muscles17 ,i h v5tur$ to di/+ui% !m p>ticul>ly z ! muscles ( sn>l+4 ,?is action ( sn>l+ is q peculi> to ! f]oci\s & c>nivor\s animals4 8#b4 ,muscles :i* surr\nd ! eye-lid4 ,9 man ! upp] eye-lid is rais$ by a muscle com+ f ! bottom ( ! orbit4 ,b1 besides ?is muscle1 animals ( prey 9 :om !re is t peculi> & f]oci\s spl5d\r ( ! eye1 :i* we di/+ui% 9 ! ,tig]1 = example1 or ! ,lion--h ?ree muscles infix$ 9 ! eye-lids1 :i* draw+ ! eye-lids backw>d ^u ! peculi>ly prom95t eye-ball1 produce ! fix$ /ra9+ ( ! eye1 & by /ret*+ ! coats1 give a great] brilliancy to ! reflection4 ,^! muscles may be class$ "u ! t]m ,sc9tillantes4 8#c4 ,! muscles ( ! no/ril are n less di/9ct & peculi>1 9 diff]5t classes ( animals1 ?an ^? ( ! eyes & lips4 ,9 ! ,c>nivor\s animals1 ! nose is comp>atively insignificant1 provision be+ made 9 ! op5 m\? = any occasional increase ( respiration above ! uni=m play ( ! lungs40 ,tak+ respectful1 fri5dly1 & reluctant leave ( ,,mr4 ,,bell1 we tru/ t con=mity w be f\nd betwe5 ^! pictorial rem>ks & anatomical elucidations ( 81 & our engrav$ repres5tations ( ! ,c>nivora4 ,no4 ,,ix4 ,! int]ior ( a rocky d51 :]e ! ,,lion d>es to intrude on ! retir$ repose ( a ,,royal ,,tig]1 copi$ by ,,mr4 ,,spilsbury f ! ,sket*-book ( ,,/ubbs4 ,on ! "p ( ! ,tig]1 !re is express$ a c]ta9 half frantic susp5sion ( purpose4 ,8 look is fi]ce1 ?\gh appreh5sive1 & z if 8 m9d 0 n made up :e!r to become ! assailant1 or /& on ! def5sive4 ,he is evid5tly tak5 by surprise2 & if he does n fe>1 he is ?or\ghly consci\s 7z ,,dr4 ,,johnson said1 :5 he 0 to meet ,,"l ,,?url[7 t 8!re is some?+ to enc\nt]30 :ile ! ,lion1 feel+ also t he has met ) 8 mat*1 is ar\s+ 8 t]rible en]gies4 ,! h]oes are ?reat5+3 ! /orm has ga!r$3 & is ab\t to bur/ 9 fury4 ,) reg>d to ! 8f]oci\s spl5d\r ( _! eyes10 & ! exposure ( _! can9e tee? by means ( ! ,r+5tes1 ! read] w f9d "h a /rict accordance ) ,,mr4 ,,bell',s !ory4 ,no4 ,x4 ,! ,,tigress ( ,,b5gal1 :i* has be5 design$1 z well z et*$1 by ,,mr4 ,,?omas ,,l&se]1 f t at ! ,exet] ',*ange ,m5ag]ie1 af=ds also a p]t95t illu/ration ( ! pr9ciples :i* ,,mr4 ,,bell _h d]iv$ f comb9+ /udy ) dissection3 !ory ) practice4 ,! 8?ree muscles infix$ 9 ! eye-lids1 :i*1 draw+ ! eye-lids backw>d ^u ! peculi>ly prom95t eye-ball1 produce ! fix$ /ra9+ ( ! eye1 & by /ret*+ ! coats1 give a great] brilliancy to ! reflection10 are "h br\ght into action by a viol5t & unexpect$ outrage done to ! mat]nal feel+s4 ,"h too is exemplifi$ ! orig91 ins]tion1 & physical use1 ( ^? sn>l+ muscles1 :i* are s prop]ly nam$ & def9$ by our le>n$ anatomi/4 ,we _c b wi%1 h[ev]1 t he _h writt5 also ( ^? ( ! l[] jaw1 :i* s p[]fully conduce to ?is sn>l+ & dreadful expression4 ,! "m has arriv$ at a =tunate conjuncture = h] cubs1 :i* lie sleep+ bel[1 9 a small d5 or d>k recess ( ! bank1 :i!r a ,s]p5t has /ol54 ,twi/$ among ! jungle1 :i* af=ds an advantage\s po/ bo? ( attack & def5ce = ! ,s]p5t--! ,tigress has reason to dread an enemy s p[]ful & insidi\s2 &1 z 9 ! prec$+ ,engrav+1 bo? p>ties are prep>$ = ! enc\nt]1 & fully aw>e ( ! importance ( a fir/ bl[4 ,no4 ,,xi4 ,,^! ,,rampant ,,lions1 be> ! "n ( ,,rub5s z _! au?or4 ,,sir ,,john ,,sebright1 we believe1 has ! orig9al picture4 ,x w\ld nei!r det]iorate f its intr9sic m]it z a "w ( art1 nor f its nom9al value 7we suspect71 %\ld x turn out to be f ! p5cil ( ,,snyd]s2 or a p]=mance ( ,,rub5s & ,,snyd]s 9 conjunction4 ,!y n unfrequ5tly pa9t$ on ! same canvas2 b ! high reputation & rank ( ,,rub5s1 has 9 "s measure absorb$ t ( 8 coadjutor1 except among fir/-rate connoisseurs--:]eas1 9 all t relates to ! details ( ,nature1 ,,snyd]s 0 ! sup]ior pa9t] ( animals3 & our reasons = ?9k+ t he _h at lea/ a h& 9 ?is picture ( ! rampant ,lions1 are1 #a/1 ,! sup]ior att5tion :i* is "h paid to ! details ( ,nature4 #bndly1 ,t ! action ( ! ne>e/ ( ! two ,lions1 is precisely t ( ! same animal1 9 ,,snyd]s' v capital picture f ! fable ( ! ,lion lib]at$ by ! ,m\se1 n[ 9 ! ,cab9et ( ,,?omas ,,frankl91 ,esq4 #crdly1 ,t ! /udy 9 oil ( a dead ,lion1 9 ! collection ( ,g4 ,,watson ,,taylor1 ,esq4 also believ$ to be f ! h& ( ,,snyd]s1 be>s int]nal evid5ce ( be+ pa9t$1 n only f ,nature1 b f ! v same individual ,lion1 ) ! above4 ,!y are all portraits ( ! same animal4 ,x appe>s z if ,,snyd]s1 hav+ obta9$ possession ( a dead ,lion1 aft] mak+ ! /udy n[ belong+ to ,,mr4 ,,taylor1 _h put him 9 ?is rampant attitude1 & pa9t$ f him z long z he la/$4 ,b p]haps ,,rub5s & ,,snyd]s did ?is 9 conc]t3 = on ! o!r h& may be recollect$ a ma/]ly sket* 9 oil ( ! heads only ( ^! rampant ,lions1 :i* 0 exhibit$ at ! ,briti% ,gall]y two seasons ago1 be>+ ! "n ( ,,rub5s4 ,if ?is "n 0 writt5 by ,,rub5s himself1 ! probability is z above /at$1 t bo? arti/s pa9t$ at ! same "t f ! same model4 ,on ?is po9t we d b sum up su* evid5ce z is be=e u1 leav+ ! v]dict to ! read]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #aj ,?os4 ,l&se] delt4 et sculpt4 ,,tigress aft] ,,nature4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #aa ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,lions aft] ,,rub5s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,we believe t ?is subject also1 has pass$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( an ,et*+ by ,,blotel+1 = x diff]s 9 "s m9or respects f ! picture 9 ! gall]y ( ,,sir ,,john ,,sebright4 ,x h[ev] af=ds fur!r illu/ration ( ! !ory ( expression laid d[n by ,,mr4 ,,bell1 :ile x embodies ! ,scriptural idea ( a 8ramp+ & ro>+ ,lion seek+ :om he may dev\r40 ,we h m5tion$ above1 our hav+ be5 dispos$1 on a c]ta9 occasion ( visit+ a public m5ag]ie1 to pat & /roke a ,royal ,tig] z he lay 9 8 d5 ) 8 nose t[>d ! spectator1 & ^: looks1 ?\gh c]ta9ly f> f angelic1 we c\ld almo/ h call$ amiable3 yet ?is is v f> f be+ ! "* ( ! ,tig]4 ,to /roke1 or pat1 or t\* !m 9 any way1 h[ev]1 no p]son %\ld ev] v5ture1 except _! keep]s2 ev5 ! tame ,tig]s1 t are sometimes br\ght up almo/ )\t animal food by ! m5dicant prie/s ( ,h9do/an1 are /rictly prohibit$ f be+ t\*$--8"u ! utmo/ rig\rs ( religi\s ana!ma10 says ,,col4 ,,williamson1 :o relates a circum/ance ( 8 hav+ visit$ a ,fauke] :o kept a ,tig] ( ?is k9d 9 ! wilds ( ,colgong4 ,no4 ,,xii4 ,! amiable-look+ ,tig] ( :om we h spok51 lay some?+ 9 ! attitude & mann] ( ! pr9cipal ,,pan!r1 9 ! pres5t picturesque gr\p :i* ,,mr4 ,,spilsbury copi$ f ! ,sket*-book ( t admirable pa9t] & anatomi/ ( animals1 ,,/ubbs4 ,p]haps ?is s5tim5t ( ours1 may be ascrib$--9 "p at lea/--to ! undulations ( =m1 gloss9ess ( surface1 & brilliancy ( col\rs1 ( ^! int]e/+ creatures1 reviv+ ! e>ly m5tal impressions :i* we rememb] to h receiv$ at ! sight ( %9+ & speckl$ %ells1 butt]flies' w+s1 & o!r objects ( pure beauty2 & 9 "p to our hav+ associat$ ideas ( innoc5ce & dome/icat$ habits & com=t1 ) ! 8sympa!tic mir?0 7z ,,goldsmi?',s phrase is7 ( sportive kitt5s4 ,x may n be unwor?y ( our be/ philosophy to pause "h1 & obs]ve h[ ,nature contrives to m+le1 & seems to insi/ on m+l+1 s5tim5ts & m5tal impressions1 :i* analys+ man is s fond ( r$uc+ to fir/ elem5ts--z he calls !m4 ,surely !re is1 ab\t ^! ,c>nivor\s & t]rible creatures1 a sav+ grace--a beauty 9 _! dreadfulness1 :i* is exce$+ly int]e/+1 al?\gh x co-exi/ ) cruelty3 = if !y are cruel1 _! cruelty is involunt>y1 & n implacable2 & !re=e1 if n p>donable1 n hateful--:ile ! ext]nal beauty :i* !y possess1 is ( a positive nature4 ,rev]t+ "h to our own s*ola/ic di/9ction1 we ?9k t ,nature has1 9 ! in/ance ( ?is species ( quadrup$s1 m+l$ ) simil> success1 en]gy ( "*1 ) a degree ( mildness ( expression4 ,! natural "* ( ! ,pan!r is fe>fully f]oci\s1 yet a sup]9duc$ k9dly expression may be se5 9 ?is gr\p f ! p5cil ( ,,/ubbs--a sworn disciple ( ,nature--:i* may %ew t 9 _! home retir$ness1 !y h n be5 left de/itute ( ! means ( lett+ ea* o!r see t !y are sociable1 fri5dly1 & n entirely )\t ! means ( express+ ! g5tl] emotions4 ,m5 are p]haps too exclusively dispos$ to look at ! objects ar\nd !m1 z ^? objects imm$iately conc]n !mselves3 ,,mr4 ,,/ubbs1 9 compos+ ?is capital gr\p1 took a m ext5sive & g5u9e view ( ?+s2 & not)/&+ ! ,pan!r is l>g] & m =midable ?an ! ,leop>d 7f :i* quadrup$ he is n always easily di/+ui%able71 has depict$ !m z sc>cely less mild & g5tle ?an ! dome/ic ,cat4 ,! evid5ce ( facts1 h[ev]1 :5 set 9 apposition1 af=ds1 9 all probability1 ! mo/ efficaci\s & conv9c+ means ( manife/+ su* pr9ciples z we are "h submitt+1 :ile !y exhibit ! v>ieties ( animal expression to ! be/ advantage2 & we !re=e introduce ano!r ,,gr\p ( ,,pan!rs1 f ! same ,sket*-book1 by ,,/ubbs1 m malignant 9 _! aspects4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ab ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,pan!rs aft] ,,/ubbs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ac ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,pan!rs aft] ,,/ubbs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,no4 ,,xiii4 ,?is is :at "o might call a dome/ic1 or family1 gr\p2 b !y seem "h to be m$itat+ prey1 & by no means s good-hum\r$ z 9 ! =m] in/ance1 :]e !y might be fanci$ to be quietly enjoy+ !mselves aft] a suffici5t repa/4 ,! two gr\ps1 :5 view$ toge!r1 seem v mu* to assi/ our p]ceptions ( ! capability ( ?is animal ( g5tle1 z well z ( savage1 expression4--,!y are contra/$1 inde$1 ?\gh )\t ! direct opposition ( viol5t brutal action1 to calm repose3 ! eye be+ ! *ief seat ( ! diff]5ce4 ,b nei!r ! g5tle1 nor ! m f]oci\s & malignant-look+1 ,pan!rs1 or ,tig]s1 w be> any comp>ison = comm&+ maje/y ( appe>ance ) ! regal ,lion1 :e!r 9 a calm or an excit$ /ate--z ! vignette ( our title-page is ready to be> witness4 ,!re is good *i>oscuro 9 bo? ( ! above gr\ps2 & ! sc5e ( rocky wildness 9 :i* ! latt] are plac$1 z well z ! ri* col\r+ ( ! fur ( ! animals1 are ably indicat$4 ,! read] may p]haps n be displeas$ to att5d "h = a mom5t1 to a %ort epitome ( :at ! ,naturali/s h said conc]n+ ! di/9ctive m>ks ( ?is int]e/+ quadrup$1 ! ,pan!r3 nor to be in=m$ or rem9d$ ( ! /rong resemblance :i* he be>s to ! ,leop>d4 ,,dr4 ,,%aw obs]ves t ,,l9n,,u himself has conf\nd$ ! ,pan!r ) ! ,leop>d2 b adds1 t 8a true di/9ctive m>k betwe5 !m1 is by no means easy to communicate ei!r by description or ev5 by figure40 ,he ?9ks t ! ,leop>d is ! small] ( ! two species ( animals1 & its col\r a pal] yell[3 & ,,mr4 ,,griffi?1 9 8 8,c>nivora10 says1 8,a v f9e animal is n[ exhibit+ at ,exet] ',*ange "u ! "n ( ,leop>d1 :i* is mu* l>g] z well z bright] ?an any o!r ,leop>d 9 t ,m5ag]ie1 & %\ld1 !re=e1 accord+ to ,,%aw1 seem to be ! ,pan!r4 ,b ,i am in=m$ t ! animal 9 "q 0 tak5 9 ,india1 & t all ^? :i* come f ,asia1 are mu* bright] 9 col\r ?an ^? f ,africa1 :i* is confirm$ by inspection ( ! ,african specim5s !re2 & t ! females h m :ite ab\t !m ?an ! o!r sex3 & ,,mr4 ,,cross1 :o has _h opportunities ( inspect+ probably "s hundr$s ( specim5s1 insi/s t he has nev] obs]v$ any specific diff]5ce betwe5 ^? br\ght f ,asia & ,africa1 among !mselves1 except t ! ,asiatic are g5]ally l>g] & bright]40 ,,li*t5/e91 9 a note communicat$ to ,,major ,,smi?1 describes ! ,pan!r z resembl+ ! ,jagu>1 9 hav+ ! same numb] ( r[s ( spots1 b diff]5t 9 hav+ no full spots1 on ! dorsal l9e4 ,if ?is be correct1 !n is ! exi/5ce ( ! ,pan!r e/abli%$ z be+ di/9ct f ! ,leop>d3 b ,i d n f9d t full spots on ! dorsal l9e always make a specific diff]5ce ( ! ,jagu>4 ,:51 !re=e1 x is said1 t ! ,pan!r mu* resembles ! ,jagu>1 x is always /rongly to be suspect$ t ! type :5ce ! obs]vations are tak5 is an ,am]ican animal4 ,if ! contr>y be cle>ly e/abli%$1 & ! animal be f\nd to h l>ge r\nd or oval op5 m>ks ( black1 ) a c5tral spot on ! sides & back1 & a tail long] ?an f its ins]tion to ! gr\nd1 x may be conclud$ t x is ! real ,pan!r4 ,la/ly1 t indefatigable inve/igator1 ,,cuvi]1 says he 0 long 9 d\bt :e!r ! ,pan!r & ,leop>d 7 di/9ct3 b a comp>ison ( a great numb] ( sk9s1 z well z obs]vations on ! num]\s animals s5t to ! ,fr5* ,museum1 h satisfi$ him t !y are diff]5t2 & he accord+ly describes ! ,pan!r z hav+ six or sev5 r[s ( rose-l spots 9 transv]se l9es1 ! tail long] & ! head l>g] ?an ! ,jagu>1 & ! gr\nd-col\r ( ! fur pal]4 ,! ,leop>d he describes z a little less ?an ! ,pan!r1 ?\gh ) ! same proportions2 b ! spots1 z mu* m num]\s1 =m+ t5 transv]se l9es4 ,! op9ion ( ,,cuvi] is c]ta9ly des]v+ ( ! greate/ att5tion2 b x may be obs]v$ t 8 enum]ation ( ! six or sev5 r[s ( spots 9 ! ,pan!r1 & ( t5 9 ! ,leop>d1 is n s c]ta9ly intelligible z might be desir$1 :5 x is consid]$ t ! spots or m>ks 9 "q h really little or no p>allelism4 ,not)/&+1 !re=e1 ?is respectable au?ority1 x seems v probable t ! ,pan!r & ,leop>d are "o & ! same species1 :i* bran*es into two v>ieties1 ! ,asiatic & ! ,african2 ! =m] ( :i* is bright] 9 col\r1 & probably some?+ l>g] ?an ! latt]2 & t ! females ( bo? are pal] & less ?an ! o!r sex4 ,,cic]o1 9 8 lett]s to ,,atticus1 speaks ( ! ,pan!r ( ,africa1 & ! ,asiatic ,pan!r2 z if !y 7 diff]5t4 ,! anci5t naturali/s 7 n a :it m successful 9 di/+ui%+ ^! two quadrup$s1 ?an ! mod]ns1 not)/&+ ! opportunities :i* !y possess$ ( inspect+ s _m4 ,,mr4 ,,griffi? comm5ts on ,,%aw1 ,,li*t5/e91 & ,,cuvi]2 s did ,,cic]o & ,,pl9y1 on ,,ari/otle4 ,h5ce _! ,pan!ra1 ,p>dus1 & ! ,leop>dus ( ! lat] ages ( ,rome 7! la/ ( :i* pla9ly indicates _! supposition t a ,lion or ,lioness _h be5 conc]n$ 9 ! g5]ation ( ?is spott$ animal47 ,x is surpris+ to reflect on ! great numb] ( ,pan!rs1 :i* 9 ^? lat] ages ( ,rome1 7 br\ght f ! des]ts ( ,africa = _! public %[s4 ,,scaurus exhibit$ an hundr$ & fifty ( !m at "o "t2 ,,pompey1 f\r hundr$ & t52 & ,,augu/us1 f\r hundr$ & tw5ty6 ,!y probably ?9n$ ! prov9ce ( ,mauritania almo/ to extirpation2 :i* may acc\nt = ! sup]ior abundance ( ^! quadrup$s1 z well z ( ,lions1 at pres5t1 9 ,gu9ea1 & ! m s\!rn p>ts ( ,africa4 ,x w\ld appe>1 t aft] all t has be5 accompli%$ by ! spot & r[-c\nt+ philosoph]s1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ,pan!rs & ,leop>ds is by no means made out2 & we take x1 t :5ev] ,nature means to m>k a di/9ction ( ?is sort1 %e always does x ) a firm] h&1 & m decisive l9e4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ad ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,leop>d ,,pan!r aft] ,,/ubbs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,no4 ,,xiv4 ,,/ubbs1 :o _h mo/ likely paid suffici5t att5tion to :at ! naturali/s _h previ\sly said on ! subject--& :om no naturali/ has exce$$ 9 accuracy ( obs]vation--appe>s to h "h sket*$ out ! diff]5ces1 & ! resemblances1 betwe5 ^! two animals--if two !y may be t]m$4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! "o :i* we e/eem to be ! ,,leop>d--! ne>] figure ( ! two--is some:at small] ?an ! o!r1 & t ! d>k spots on h] body are n clu/]$ 9 roselets1 or oilettes1 z !y h sometimes be5 call$2 :ile on ! body ( ! ,,pan!r1 !y are1 & inde$ ev]y:]e1 except+ on 8 head & =e-legs4 ,9 %ort1 ,,/ubbs',s del9eation agrees be/ ) ! def9ition ( ,,cuvi]1 ^: disc]nm5t & philosophical tact are by no means inf]ior to t indefatigability = :i* he is prais$ by ,,griffi?4 ,( ?is ,leop>d & ,pan!r1 ! actions & expression 7al?\gh n ! "*--_! noses & m\?s be+ ( long] & l>g] proportions7 are v mu* ^? ( ! common dome/ic ,cat1 :5 9 a playful mood4 ,some?+ !re is ( burlesque clums9ess 9 _! play--resembl+ ,,h]cules ) ! di/aff2 & some?+ ( t assum$ look :i* may be obs]v$ among ,cats :ile frolick+ ) _! "y4 ,& ^! k9dly & droll expressions ( c\nt5ance--^! 8quips & cranks1 & wanton wiles10--are d\btless v well und]/ood among ! c>nivor\s com$ians1 not)/&+ t to "s ( ourselves1 !y may n appe> to am\nt to mu*3 yet ! diff]5ce ( ^! our engrav$ heads ( a playful ,leop>d & ,pan!r1 & ! ocul> expressions ( su* animals :5 rag+ ) hung]1 or r5d]$ angry by opposition1 is imm5se1 & c\ld n fail1 if pres5t$ toge!r1 to be /rik+ly obvi\s to ^? :o are 9 ! lea/ /udi\s ( ! physiognomical v>iations ( ! f]oci\s tribe4 ,let ! read] comp>e !m ) ! ?reat5+ ,,lion & defy+ ,,tig] among ! rocks1 aft] ! same ma/]1 :i* we h numb]$ #ai4 ,horse-play is prov]bially unwelcome3 ,pan!r-play mu/ be worse4 ,we _c associate ! idea ( ! endurance ( x )9 rea* ( man4 ,b :]e ,cats & ,kitt5s are occasionally p]mitt$ 9 ! p>l\r1 !re is comp>ative h>mlessness4 ,& :o has n witness$ ) delight1 among ! rat-cat*+ c>nivora 9 _! joy\s mom5ts1 ^? spontane\s & electrical k9dl+s ( v>i\s & rapid fun1 :i* mu/ h made ,,h]aclitus laugh1 c\ld he h se5 !m1 & h be5 a lesson to ,,lavat]4 ,no4 ,,xv4 ,a ,,lion & ,,lioness1 aft] ,,rub5s1 :]e we e/eem ! execution--m especially ( ! p>ts :i* are br\ght into muscul> action1 & ! ri* hairy texture ( ! fur--to be highly cr$itable to ! arti/s conc]n$4 ,9 ^! respects1 x transc5ds beyond all comp>ison ! ,et*+ by ,,pic>t ( ! same subject4 ,we 7 ab\t to say m ( ^! ?+s1 & to reque/ att5tion m p>ticul>ly to ! h9d] p>ts ( ! female1 b ! knit br[ & ?reat5+ eye ( ! ,lion gl>es ^u u ) its high claims1 & t]rible tru?1 & we _c b p]ceive a broad1 p]vad+1 & dextr\s display ( light1 %ade1 & expression ( texture4--,n[1 :]e !re is j h>mony ( p>ts1 x is ! :ole :i* m]its praise2 & ?is praise is ( a high] k9d ?an c\ld possibly be be/[$ ) propriety on any "p4 ,! ,expression ( ! ,lion is n "h s self-possess$ & maje/ic z 9 "s ( ! examples :i* we h pass$4 ,8 magnanimity is ex*ang$ = t d>k trea*]y & cruel-m9d$ness1 :i* "s mod]n au?ors ascribe to him4 ,nor is ! ,lioness m amiable3 bo? seem lurk+1 malici\s1 & z if animat$ by "s horrid hope4 ,,rub5s seems to h let !m into 8 ,assyrian d51 9 ord] to let ! _w see f h[ dreadful animals ,provid5ce 0 protect+ its fav\r$ m9i/]4 ,no4 ,,xvi4 ,,rub5s has "h pa9t$ "o ,lion z sc[l+1 ano!r z if 9 a sort ( my/]i\s m$itation1 & a ?ird yawn+ ) ennui--no d\bt to div]sify a composition :]e9 he 0 ( necessity oblig$ to introduce a consid]able numb] ( animals ( ! same k9d4 ,! ,lion has be51 ( all quadrup$s :atev]1 ! mo/ idealis$ by ! ,arts1 & ! mo/ v>i\sly repres5t$4 ,! tide ( op9ion ran = c5turies 9 8 fav\r4 ,k+s took _! designations f him3 among/ :om h be5 our fir/ ,,ri*>d2 b ( late ye>s v reputable travell]s & o!r au?ors h appe>$1 :o w\ld br+ d[n ! poetic g5]osity1 ! reputation ( :i* ! ,lion has s long enjoy$1 to ! pla9 prose craft & cruelty ( ! re/ ( ! fel9e race4 ,! noble disda9 ) :i* a ,lioness1 ?\gh half fami%$1 & 8) udd]s all drawn dry10--scorn$ to prey on a sleep+ man--,mu/ we "p ) ! s5tim5t8 ,mu/ we also disbelieve ! /ory :i* has be5 commemorat$ by a l>ge ,fr5* engrav+1 ( a ,lion g5tly tak+ up 9 8 m\? a fall5 infant1 & z g5tly sett+ x d[n aga91 to ! inf9ite delight ( its t]rifi$ "m8--,su* anecdotes h pleas$ & flatt]$ u2 b may possibly h ga9$ undes]v$ cr$it because !y pleas$1 & h pleas$ because !y flatt]$--human nature4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ae ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,lions aft] ,,rub5s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #af ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,lions aft] ,,rub5s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ag ,edw9 ,l&se] del9t4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,lioness ,,bit* f ,,cross',s ,,m5ag]ie4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,no4 ,,xvii4 ,repeat$ in/ances ( ,,fri5d%ips ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,lion ,,& ,,! ,,dog1 h occurr$ at ! ,m5ag]ie at ! ,t[]1 z well z else:]e 9 ,engl&3 & we h pleasure 9 add+ a corroborat+ fact ( a novel "*4 ,mr4 ,,edw9 ,,l&se] made x ! subject ( a ,draw+ f ,nature1 & we "h pres5t ! public ) an ,engrav+ aft] x1 execut$ by 8 bro!r1 & numb]$ 9 our collection1 #af4 ,a female :elp 0 accid5tally f\nd1 q "y1 & ev5 be=e its eye-lids 7 unclos$1 9 an ,african =e/ n f> f ! sea %ore4 ,x 0 br\ght on bo>d %ip by "s sailors1 :]e a smalli% black bit*1 by bir? q an ignoble cur1 hav+ rec5tly pupp$1 ! exp]im5t 0 successfully made1 ( asc]ta9+ :e!r %e w\ld suckle ! "y ,lioness1 :o 0 *ri/5$ ,*>lotte4--,*>lotte soon began to ?rive1 & to play kitt5 frolics2 & cont9u$ to be ?us nurtur$1 till1 at no great l5g? ( "t1 %e became s mu* l>g] ?an h] fo/]-p>5t1 & requir$ s mu* food1 z to induce ! necessity ( wean+ h]4 ,b ! two quadrup$s cont9u$1 ev] aft]1 to live toge!r on ! mo/ fri5dly & affectionate t]ms2 con/antly inhabit+ ! same cage1 & habitually p>tak+ ( ! same messes ( provision4 ,! ,lioness1 ?\gh n[ gr[n l>ge1 hav+ nev] se5 any o!r "m1 cont9u$ ?r\gh life to %ew m>ks ( daught]ly ob$i5ce1 & ! bit*1 ( mat]nal reg>d4 ,mr4 ,,edw9 ,,l&se]1 z well z _m o!rs1 has frequ5tly se5 !m c>ess+ ea* o!r 9 _! cage at ! ,exet] ',*ange ,m5ag]ie1 9 ! mann] :i* he has repres5t$3 ! ,draw+1 :i* exhibits portraits bo? ( ! ,,lioness & ,,bit*1 hav+ be5 done "s ye>s ago4 ,& ^! kitt5 frolics1 or ! y\?ful disposition to indulge 9 !m1 cont9u$ on ! "p ( ! ,lioness1 till h] old] & grav] nurse became tir$ ( ! lion-play1 & w\ld sometimes sn>l & b>k =bidd+ly4 ,x 0 v ent]ta9+1 & an int]e/+ *apt] 9 ,natural ,hi/ory1 to behold ?is2 = ! ,bit* ev] reta9$ an asc5dancy1 & mu* ( ! au?ority1 ( a p>5t3 s t h] fo/]-daught]1 ?\gh s mu* l>g]1 & s trem5d\sly p[]ful1 w\ld retire ob$i5tly to ! f>!r corn] ( ! cage1 wait+ a fav\rable *ange ( temp]1 on ! "p ( h] s5ior1 be=e %e r5ew$ h] playful famili>ities4 ,on a pr9ciple ( prud5ce1 h[ev]1 & because x 0 judg$ t if ^! inmates ( ! same refectory1 ev] qu>rell$1 x w\ld be at a meal-"t1 !y 7 ( late sep>ately f$3 t is to say1 n at sep>ate times1 or tables1 b1 at opposite corn]s ( ! ap>tm5t3 b ! ,bit* has (t5 be5 kn[n to help h]self out ( ,*>lotte's portion1 )\t fe> or c]emony1 & h] maje/y to %ew no res5tm5t1 nor any k9d ( royal displeasure or hurt feel+1 at ! indecorum4 ,we e/eem ?is ,engrav+ to af=d a fair example ( ! positive1 or negative1 p[] ( ! sov]eign ( ! =e/1 ( physiognomically express+ ! g5tl] emotions4 ,b x occurs to u "h--& we m5tion x 9 ref]5ce to an argum5t ma9ta9$ 9 an e>li] "p ( ?is diss]tation--t p]haps lick+ ) ! tongue may belong to ! dumb language ( quadrup$al expression ( affection4 ,b ! ,dog1 & ! ,cat1 k9d1 express !mselves 9 ?is way2 & among/ ea* o!r1 x _c be misund]/ood--! affectionate idea be+ impress$ at ! p]iod ( _! v e>lie/ susceptibilities1 & associat$--p]haps z indissolubly z ! human ende>m5ts ( smiles & kiss+--) _! y\nge/1 pure/1 & mo/ p]man5t recollections4 ,no4 ,,xviii4 ,9 ?is plate ! ideas ( exp$iti\s motion1 & que/1 are admirably depict$3--kept up f /em to /]n2 he is evid5tly b5t on de/ruction4--,?is is he t appe>$ to ! t]rifi$ imag9ation ( ,,coll9s',s ,ori5tal camel-driv]1 :o1 9 8 beautiful ,eclogue1 exclaims-- 8,:at1 if ! ,,lion 9 8 rage ,i meet60 ,& ! det]m9$ purpose :i* p]vades ! :ole frame & ! m9d ( ! sally+ h]o1 is se5 9 8 resolute look1 z well z 9 e motion ( 8 muscul> limbs--aye1 to ! v tuft at ! extremity ( 8 tail4 ,all is expressive ( 8 pl5itude ( animation1 & prey is obvi\sly 8 purpose4 ,none c mi/ake him4 ,?is w probably be ?\ght ano!r ( ! in/ances 9 :i* ! pres5t arti/s h be5 em95tly successful 9 ! execution ( _! subject4 7,= ! design !y 7 indebt$ to ! et*+-ne$le ( ,,rid+]47 ,! %ag ( ! mane is *>act]i/ically v>i$ f ! %ort hair :i* cov]s ! face1 body1 & limbs2 ! anatomy is ably indicat$2 & ! *i>oscuro is vigor\s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ah ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,lion aft] ,,reyd+]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! hunt]s say t a doz5 or fifte5 dogs1 tra9$ to ! sport1 w ov]p[] a ,lion be=e he c /rike _m bl[s3 b ^! are ! limbs :i* 8at e bl[ de/roy an enemy40 ,we h next to treat ( ! ,,royal ,,tig] ,,( ,,b5gal1 beautiful1 p[]ful1 fi]ce1 & unrel5t+4--,t]rible1 yet admirable6 ,mr4 ,,bewick says t ! ,tig] 8is ! mo/ rapaci\s & de/ructive ( all c>nivor\s animals4 ,fi]ce )\t provocation1 & cruel )\t necessity1 its ?ir/ = blood is insatiable4 ,?\gh glutt$ ) slaught]1 x cont9ues its c>nage2 x fe>s nei!r ! sight nor ! opposition ( man1 :om x frequ5tly makes its prey2 & x is ev5 said to pref] human fle% to t ( any o!r animal30 a fact :i* is confirm$ by ,,colonel ,,williamson1 & ,mr4 ,,paul ( ,daudpore1 ! latt] ( :om has ! reputation ( hav+ kill$ z _m ,tig]s z any hundr$ o!r m5 9 ,india4 ,! /r5g? ( ?is animal is s great1 t :5 x has kill$ a ,de]1 x c>ries x (f ) mu* ease4 ,,wood relates a /ory1 on good au?ority1 ( a ,buffalo be+ c>ri$ (f by "o2 b x _h previ\sly refre%$ itself by suck+ ! ,buffalo's blood4 ,! latt] _h be5 hamp]$1 & 0 weak5$ by its /ruggles 9 a quagmire2 & ! ,tig] let fall its prey1 & fl$ at ! approa* ( "s ,indian peasants4 ,we mu/ suppose1 too1 ?is ,tig] to h be5 "o ( ! l>ge/1 & ( extraord9>y p[]1 = ,,colonel ,,williamson reports t 9 ! public combats t are sometimes exhibit$ 9 ,india1 betwe5 ,tig]s & ,buffaloes1 ! latt] is commonly ! victor4 ,b ! eag]ness ( its voracity is believ$ to transc5d t ( any o!r creature :atev]4 ,if undi/urb$ at ! comm5cem5t ( its meal1 x plunges its head into ! body ( its reek+ victim1 up to ! v eyes1 9 ord] to glut itself ) ! bloody enjoym5t4 ,oy/]s are n op5$ & swall[$ ) m ze/ & avidity4 ,no4 ,,xix4 ,! comm5cem5t ( su* ,a ,,c>nivor\s ,,fea/1 :]e ! ,,tig] has seiz$ & sla9--n a wild ,buffalo1 b a ,,bullock1 f ! tame h]ds ( ,h9do/an4 ,z ! cattle desc5d t[>d ! riv] to dr9k1 _! crafty enemy lies 9 ambu% among ! jungle1 or creeps along cauti\sly & unse52 &1 wat*+ a fav\rable opportunity1 makes 8 murd]\s spr+4 ,al?\gh ,,williamson corroborates ,,mr4 ,,bewick',s acc\nt ( ! ,tig]'s fondness ( human fle%1 he does n agree to t ( its fe>lessness4 ,on ! contr>y1 he ?9ks t on occasions :]e ,tig]s h seem$ fe>less1 mom5t>y angui% or res5tm5t1 has be5 _! real /imulus2 & adds1 t 8! ,tig] is1 ( all bea/s ( prey1 ! mo/ c[>dly2 its trea*]\s disposition induces x1 almo/ )\t exception1 to conceal itself until its prey may arrive )9 rea* ( its spr+1 be its victim ei!r bulky or dim9utive4 ,size seems to occasion no deviation 9 ! ,tig]'s sy/em ( attack1 :i* is f\nd$ on ! art ( surpris+4 ,we f9d1 accord+ly1 t su* z happ5 to keep ! opposite side ( a road1 by :i* !y are some:at beyond ! fir/ spr+1 (t5 escape injury2 ! ,tig] be+ unwill+ to be se5 be=e he is felt4 ,h5ce x is r>ely t a ,tig] pursues2 b1 if ! situation p]mit1 8 cunn+ w n fail to effect 8 purpose1 he w /eal along ! road-side among ! bu%es p>allel ) ! travell]'s c\rse1 until "o ( ! _m *ances :i* pres5t !mselves ( f9d+ him )9 rea*1 induces to ! attack4 ,(t51 :]e ! c\ntry is r too op5 to all[ 8 proce$+ 9 ?is mann]1 ! ,tig] w take a sweep among und]wood or ?r\gh rav9es1 9 ord] to meet ! travell] aga9 at a spot :5ce he may make 8 spr+4 8,tig]s are extremely p>tial to su* sites z comm& a road1 select+ "o r less frequ5t$1 9 pref]5ce to "o t is mu* 9 use4 ,9 ! =m]1 !y are c]ta9 ( f9d+ z mu* z w answ] _! daily wants4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! haunt be on a public road1 x is usually at "s spot ab\nd+ ) grass or bu%es1 especially ! prauss1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( "s ample cov] suppli$ ) wat]1 to :i* ! prey c be dragg$4 ,!re1 9 "s l[1 opake spot1 ! sangu9>y meal is consummat$ 9 gloomy sil5ce4 8,x %\ld be obs]v$1 t = ! mo/ "p ! ,tig] *ooses 8 /ation on t side ( ! road :i* is opposite to 8 haunt2 s t1 :5 he seizes 8 prey1 he proce$s /raight =w>d1 )\t hav+ occasion to turn1 & ?us drags x across mo/ly at a trot4 ,if he misses 8 aim1 he w r>ely return1 unless attack$2 b1 9 a sull5 mann]1 ei!r skulks ?r\gh ! cov]2 or1 if ! c\ntry be n suffici5tly close to conceal 8 motions1 he moves on at a cant]40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ai ,e4 ,l&se] delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ,,tig] ,,indian ,,bullock aft] ,,nature4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #bj ,,s5egal ,,lion aft] ,,reyd+]4 ,,black-,,man$ ,,lion aft] ,,rembr&t4 ,,lioness aft] ,,reyd+]4 ,e4 ,spilsbury delt4 ,t4 ,l&se] sculpt4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,f9d+ ! same anecdotes ( ,lions & ,tig]s repeat$ f book to book1 ! pres5t writ] has 9 g5]al avoid$ to reit]ate :at he conceiv$ w\ld 9 mo/ in/ances prove to h be5 already read3 b he _c :olly pass t 9 :i* a lady--next to ! ,royal ,tig] himself--0 ! pr9cipal figure2 m especially z x illu/rates a fact ( natural hi/ory n useless = ,ori5tal travell]s to be acqua9t$ )--namely1 ! susceptibility ( ! ,tig] ( sudd5 al>m4 ,"s ladies & g5tlem5 be+ on a p>ty ( pleasure1 "u a %ade ( trees on ! banks ( a riv] 9 ,b5gal1 7 sudd5ly surpris$ at see+ a ,tig] ready to make its fatal spr+4 ,"o ( ! ladies1 ) amaz+ pres5ce ( m9d1 laid hold ( an umbrella1 & unfurl+ x directly 9 ! animal's face1 x in/antly retir$4 ,! foll[+ also confirms ,,williamson',s acc\nt ( ! ,tig]s :i* are br\ght up tame by "s ( ! m5dicant ,indian prie/s :o inhabit ! banks ( ! ,ganges4 ,a beautiful "y male ,tig] 0 br\ght f ,*9a1 "s tw5ty ye>s ago 9 ! ,pitt ,ea/ ,indiaman3 at ! age ( t5 mon?s x 0 s f> dome/icat$1 z to admit e k9d ( famili>ity f ! p on bo>d4 ,x seem$ to be q h>mless1 & 0 z playful z a kitt54 ,x frequ5tly slept ) ! sailors 9 _! hammocks1 & w\ld suff] two or ?ree ( !m to repose _! heads ^u its back1 z ^u a pill[1 :il/ x lay /ret*$ out ^u ! deck4 ,9 return = ?is1 x w\ld1 h[ev]1 n[ & !n /eal _! meat4 ,hav+ "o day tak5 a piece ( beef f ! c>p5t]1 he foll[$ ! animal1 took ! meat out ( its m\?1 & beat x sev]ely = ! !ft2 :i* puni%m5t x suff]$ ) all ! pati5ce ( a dog4 ,x w\ld frequ5tly run out on ! b[sprit2 climb ab\t ! %ip l a cat2 & p]=m a numb] ( tricks ) an agility t 0 truly a/oni%+4 ,!re 0 a ,dog on bo>d ! %ip1 ) :i* x w\ld (t5 play 9 ! mo/ div]t+ mann]4 ,b x ought to be rememb]$ at ! "t ?is ,tig] 0 tak5 on bo>d ! %ip1 x 0 only a mon? or six weeks old2 & :5 arriv$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 x _h n q complet$ a ye>4 ,no4 ,,xx4 ,,?ree small ,,lions1 on a s+le ,plate2 =m+ a sort ( tail-piece1 & br++ up ! re> ( our c>nivor\s procession4 ,?is plate exhibits ?ree diff]5t ,,v>ieties4 ,,! ,,lion ,,( ,,s5egal1 ne>ly 9 pr(ile1 recl9$1 b "u ! influ5ce ( "s slight degree ( irritation2 ! black-man$ ,,lion ( ,,africa2 & ! common ,,lioness ( ,,asia1 regal+ h]self on a dead bird4 ,! upp] & l[] subjects1 are aft] ,,rid+]4 ,! ,african ,lion1 9 ! middle1 is orig9ally f ,,rembr&t1 b has pass$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( an indiff]5t ,et*+ by ,,pic>t2 &1 l ! re/1 has f9ally be5 correct$ by a ref]5ce to ,nature4--,we believe x 0 correct$ f ! specim5 t 0 "s few ye>s ago pres5t$ to ,,lady ,,ca/l]eagh2 :i* 0 exhibit$ at ,exet] ',*ange1 & ( :i* ,,mr4 ,,edw9 ,,l&se] & ,,mr4 ,,?omas ,,*ri/mas _h ! po/-obit rev]sion4 ,g4 ,,norman1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,maid5 ,,lane1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,supplem5t>y ,,plates4 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,,neptune1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,a beautiful & highly *>act]i/ic engrav+ ( a fav\rite ,newf\ndl& ,dog4 ,x is engrav$ by ,mr4 ,?omas ,l&se] f a draw+ by 8 bro!r ,edw91 & highly admir$ z a fai?ful lik5ess ( ! orig9al4 ,,plate ,,xxii4 ,,brutus1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,! prop]ty ( ,edw9 ,l&se]1 ,esq4 ,good judges may at once p]ceive 9 ?is portrait ! po9ts t con/itute a ?or\gh good "o ( ! bre$4 ,r\gh1 wiry & /rong1 ) eyes almo/ conceal$1 ,brutus is yet active1 vigilant & c\rage\s1 possess+ 9 great p]fection ! qualities mo/ desirable 9 ! t]ri]4 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,a ,,cross ,,( ,,! ,,dog ,,& ,,fox1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,! subject ( ?is f9e engrav+ _h occasion$ mu* d\bt 9 ! m9ds ( naturali/s1 b ! "q z to its reality 0 decid$1 by ! fact ( ! animal ^: portrait we give1 hav+ be5 produc$ f a tan t]ri] bit* & a tame dog fox4 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,,dogs ,,sett+ ,a ,,h>e1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,two dogs hav+ caught ! side w9d ( a h>e are mak+ a highly *>act]i/ic po9t4 ,no?+ c m =cibly express t mute animation :i* gives s highly-ton$ a f9i% to ! abilities ( ! sett+ dog z ?is vigor\s & fai?ful del9eation ( _! c\nt5ances4 ,! ,po9t] is plac$ 9 a v int]e/+ attitude admirably contra/$ ) ! well *os5 position ( ! sett] 8 companion2 :ile ! h>e1 ! object ( _! attraction1 is n only judici\sly plac$1 b ! repres5tation is /rik+ly true to nature4 ,?is repres5tation ( dogs sett+ a h>e displays n only a correct k ( ! subject b is "o ( ^? fai?ful del9eations t _c fail to m]it ! mo/ unqualifi$ approbation4 ,,plate ,,xxv4 ,,vix51 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,a ?or\gh-br$ ,scotti% t]ri]1 a fav\rite portrait by ,mr4 ,edw9 ,l&se] :o has repeat$ h] 9 sev]al ( 8 pictures4 ,,plate ,,xxvi4 ,,fox ,,h\nds ,,( ,,! ,,hatfield ,,hunt1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,?is sket* conta9s portraits ( five ( ! pr9cipal fox h\nds belong+ to ! above ,hunt4 ,,plate ,,xxvii4 ,,proctor1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,/udy ( a head ( a ,blood-h\nd4 ,?is engrav+ is ( a v celebrat$ dog1 & ! "* ( its peculi> species is well del9eat$4 ,,plate ,,xxviii4 ,,bob1 ,a ,,fav\rite ,,t]ri]1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,?is engrav+ repres5ts a f9e wire-hair$ specim5 ( 8 race1 engag$ 9 8 fav\rite pursuit 9 8 native wilds4 ,,plate ,,xxix4 ,,! ,,poa*]1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,is n "o ( ^? :o 8,take delight ( a %9y night1 ,9 ! season ( ! ye>10 to pop pheasants f _! p]*es ) an air gun1 or :o sets 8spr+es to cat* woodcocks10 b x is he :o 8,skulks along ,sleek at ! %eph]d's co/1 & plump ) meals ,purlo9$20 8,! wily ,fox10 & a v beautiful animal ,mr4 ,l&se] has made ( him4 ,! description we h quot$1 f9ds 9 ! picture an apt illu/ration4 ,,plate ,,xxx4 ,,alp9e ,,ma/iff1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,! draw+ f :i* ! pres5t plate 0 engrav$1 0 made f a v noble ,alp9e ma/iff1 :i* at t "t al?\gh n full gr[n1 0 ! l>ge/ dog 9 ,engl&4 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 ,,old ,,dog1 ,,looks ,,l ,a ,,picture1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,j4 ,,webb4 ,an expressive picture1 :i* betok5s ! subject1 old 9 hon\r & ye>s1 & /ill foll[+ 8 fav\rite pursuit4 ,,plate ,,xxxii4 ,,fight ,,betwe5 ,,jacko ,,& ,,puss1 ,,sket*$ ,,& ,,et*$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,! animals "h s clev]ly repres5t$1 & at ! spot ( _! actual & sangu9>y conte/1 7 et*$ by ,t4 ,l&se]1 f a sket* made at ! "t by himself4 ,,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,,little ,,billy1 ,,drawn ,,& ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,! spirit$ & fai?ful /yle 9 :i* ,mr4 ,l&se] has execut$ ?is embelli%m5t1 pres5ts u a portrait ( a species ( animal :i* 0 a great fav\rite ) our ance/ors1 & 0 z f]oci\s to an enemy z fai?ful to a fri5d4 ,,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,,black ,,cap1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,g4 ,h4 ,,laporte1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,is a clev] specim5 ( a p]fect ,h>ri]'s head1 ably treat$4 ,,plate ,,xxxv4 ,,dead ,,r$ ,,de]1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,l&se]1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,j4 ,r4 ,,scott4 ,gives u ! spoils ( ! *ase lifeless & rigid2 ! accessories to ! picture are well told4 ,,plate ,,xxxvi4 ,,tig] ,,hunt1 ,,pa9t$ ,,& ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,tig]s are hunt$ 9 ,india by ,elephants assi/$ by fleet horses4 ,we h 9 ?is clev] picture a ,tig] c\*+ among/ ! jungle seem+ly undet]m9$ :e!r to spr+ or to make (f1 ! horse sc>$ & fright5$ evid5tly has come ^u him unexpect$ly2 an ,elephant at a little di/ance is ha/5+ t[>ds ! spot4 ,,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,,tig] ,,tak+ ,,! ,,wat]1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,,sir ,,*>les ,d',,oyly1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,! ,tig] hav+ be5 driv5 f ! jungle & hunt$ ov] ! pla91 z a la/ resort takes to ! wat]4 ,he is "h repres5t$ j aft] hav+ ent]$1 8 p[]ful paws half above ! wat] prep>+ to make a /roke1 :il/ 8 tail /iff & out/ret*$ s]ves ! purpose ( a rudd]4 ,! hunt]s on _! elephants f ! bank ( ! riv] are tak+ a delib]ate aim at him4 ,,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,,elephants ,,return+ ,,f ,,! ,,hunt1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,,sir ,,*>les ,d',,oyly1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,! ,hunt] seem+ly tir$ ( hunt+ on horseback has dism\nt$1 & is climb+ up ! side ( an elephant :o kneels1 :il/ ! fruit ( ! *ase is ^u ! back ( ano!r1 & a ?ird is mak+ 8 way ?r\gh ! jungle4 ,,plate ,,xxxix4 ,,r$ ,,de]1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,r4 ,,hills1 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,t4 ,,l&se]4 ,a v clev] "w ( ,art ^u :i* ! great & univ]sally ackn[l$g$ ta/e & tal5ts ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,l&se] h be5 c>efully be/[$4 ,bo? ,pa9t] & ,engrav] h done ju/ice to ! subject2 few ?+s c be f9] ?an ! /ag 9 ! =egr\nd1 or m effective ?an ! brace ( ,does approa*+ upw>ds1 z x 71 f a romantic & obscure retirem5t4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ba ,engrav$ by ,t4 ,l&se] f a ,draw+ by 8 ,bro!r ,edw94 ,neptune1 ! prop]ty ( ,w4 ,e4 ,gosl+ ,esqr4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #bb ,pa9t$ by ,e4 ,l&se] ,engrav$ by ,t4 ,l&se]4 ,,brutus4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #bc ,engrav$ by ,t4 ,l&se] f a ,sket* by 8 bro!r ,edw94 ,portrait ( a ,cross ( ! ,dog & ,fox1 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,cranley4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #bd ,engrav$ by ,t4 ,l&se] f a ,draw+ by 8 ,bro!r ,edw94 ,dogs ,sett+ a ,h>e4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #be ,engd4 by ,t4 ,l&se] f a ,pa9t+ by 8 ,bro!r4 ,vix51 a ,?or\gh br$ ,scot* ,t]ri]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #bf ,ell9] ,lettag] ,/rid] ,ra*ell ,adamant ,fox ,h\nds1 ( ! ,hatfield ,hunt4 ,engrav$ by ,?os4 ,l&se] f a ,pa9t+ by 8 ,bro!r ,edw94 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #bg ,engd4 by ,t4 ,l&se] f a ,pa9t+ by 8 ,bro!r ,edw94 ,,proct]4 ,/udy ( a ,blood h\nds ,head4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #bh ,engrav$ by ,t4 ,l&se] f a ,pa9t+ by 8 ,bro!r ,edw94 ,bob1 a fav\rite ,t]ri] ! prop]ty ( ,w4 ,e4 ,gosl+ ,esqr4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #bi ,engd4 by ,t4 ,l&se] f a ,draw+ by 8 ,bro!r ,edw94 ,! ,poa*]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #cj ,engd4 by ,t4 ,l&se] f a ,draw+ by 8 ,bro!r4 ,alp9e ,ma/iff4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ca ,pa9t$ by ,e4 ,l&se] ,r4 ,a4 ,engrav$ by ,j4 ,webb4 ,,! ,,old ,,dog ,,looks ,,l ,a ,,picture4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #cb ,et*'d by ,t4 ,l&se]1 f a sket* made at ! "t by himself4 ,fight betwe5 8,jacko ,maccacco10 a celebrat$ ,monkey1 & ,mr4 ,?os4 ,cribb's well kn[n bit* 8,puss40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #cc ,drawn & ,engrav$ by ,?omas ,l&se]4 ,,little ,,billy1 ,a ,celebrat$ ,bull ,dog4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #cd ,engd4 by ,t4 ,l&se]1 f a ,pa9t+ by ,g4 ,h4 ,laporte4 ,,black ,,cap4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ce ,,dead ,,r$ ,,de]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #cf ,,tig] ,,hunt ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #cg ,,tig] ,,tak+ ,,! ,,wat] ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ch ,,elephants ,,return+ ,,f ,,! ,,hunt4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 #ci ,engrav$ by ,mr4 ,t4 ,l&se]1 f a ,pa9t+ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,hills4 ,,r$ ,,de]4