,transcrib]'s ,note ,bold text is m>k$ ) equals signs1 italic text is m>k$ ) und]scores4 ,,seat ,,weav+ ,,by ,l4 ,,day ,,p]ry ,sup]visor ( ,manual ,tra9+1 ,joliet1 ,ill9ois1 & ,in/ructor1 ,dep>tm5t ,e/hetic & ,indu/rial ,education1 ,summ] ,qu>t]s1 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,illu/ration ,,! ,,manual ,,arts ,,press ,,peoria1 ,,ill9ois #aiag ,copyright1 #aiag1 by ,l4 ,day ,p]ry ,,=eword ,woodwork+ %ops 9 manual tra9+ s*ools f> outnumb] ^? = o!r manual activities1 & z a result1 c\rses 9 woodwork h come to be t]m$ ! /able c\rses 9 a h&work curriculum4 ,h[ev]1 exp]i5ce 9 woodwork alone is n suffici5t1 & ne$s to be supplem5t$ by o!r & m v>i$ activities to give to ! boy a prop] f\ndation = *oice ( vocation4 ,a def9ite way to produce necess>y v>iety z appli$ to woodwork1 especially if woodwork is ! only c\rse (f]$1 is ?ru ! use ( su* m$iums z cane1 re$1 ru%1 spl9ts & alli$ mat]ials 9 correlation ) ! wood4 ,^! mat]ials add life to ! problems & g5]ally ar\se int]e/ & en?usiasm 9 ! "w at h&4 ,! result is c>eful application to con/ruction details1 ) resultant appreciation ( con/ructive design4 ,x w\ld prove a difficult task to make a fair e/imate ( ! value su* m$iums h 9 manual tra9+ %ops4 ,_! use produces v def9ite reactions ^u boys :o c\ld n be rea*$ by woodwork alone1 awak5+ !m to a new int]e/ 9 _! "w & mak+ !m m workmanlike & exact+ 9 con/ruction4 ,!re exi/s "s elem5t 9 su* m$iums :i* _c be def9$1 b :i* nev]!less /imulates ! av]age or m$iocre boy1 z well z ! exceptional "o1 to produce ! be/ "w ( :i* he is capable4 ,exp]i5ce ) ^! mat]ials utiliz$ 9 correlation ) wood w prove ! tru? ( ^! /atem5ts & demon/rate t !y are n only wor? :ile1 b necess>y to any well-r\nd$ c\rse 9 wood4 ,! orig9als ( ! projects illu/rat$ by ! photographs 71 ) few exceptions1 con/ruct$ by boys ( av]age ability 9 ! eigh? grade4 ,!y indicate ! "* ( "w :i* may be expect$ ( boys 9 t grade1 &1 9 a measure1 ! fir/ two ye>s ( high s*ool4 ,practically ! entire emphasis is laid ^u weav+ z appli$ to "s =m ( seat1 ei!r z a decorative feature or z a necess>y "p ( ! /ructure4 ,^! mat]ials may be utiliz$ 9 v>i\s ways on v>i$ types & =ms ( furniture o!r ?an seats1 a few ( :i* are sugge/$4 ,exp]i5ce ) !m w lead ! work] to new & int]e/+ fields ( a di/9ctly educational nature4 ,joliet1 ,ill9ois1 ,novemb]1 #aiaf4 ,l4 ,,day ,,p]ry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ackn[l$gm5ts ,ackn[l$gm5ts are h]eby made to ,! ,bruce ,publi%+ ,co41 = p]mission to re-use ! mat]ial 9 ,*apt]s ,i & ,,ii :i* appe>$ 9 ,! ,indu/rial ,arts ,magaz9e 9 a modifi$ =m2 to ,! ,p]iodical ,publi%+ ,co41 = ! photograph %[n 9 ! frontispiece2 to ,m4 ,f4 ,gleason1 ,joliet1 = ! sket*es %[n 9 ,figs4 #e1 #f & #h2 to ,t4 ,s4 ,moore1 ,joliet1 = 8 coop]ation 9 all ! photographic "w2 & to ! in/ructors 9 ! ,joliet ,dep>tm5t ( ,manual ,tra9+ :o h assi/$ 9 work+ out a numb] ( ! problems4 ,l4 ,d4 ,p4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,=eword #c1 #d ,ackn[l$gm5ts #d ,*apt] ,i4--,can+2 ,! ,sev5 ,/eps #g ,cane #g1 #h ,equipm5t #h1 #i ,beg9n+ ! ,op]ation #i1 #aj ,! ,sev5 ,/eps 9 ,can+ #aj-ad ,*apt] ,,ii4--,can+ ,sugge/ions #ae ,irregul> ,areas #ag-ba ,five-,/ep ,can+ #ba1 #bb ,! ,design ,elem5t #bb-be ,*apt] ,,iii4--,reseat+ a ,*air2 ,h& ,can+ #bf ,! ,process #bg-ca ,ref9i%+ #ca-cc ,*apt] ,,iv4--,reseat+ a ,*air2 ,cane ,webb+ #cd ,! ,process #ce-dj ,*apt] ,v4--,ru% ,seat+ #da ,hi/orical #da-db ,ru% #db-dc ,o!r ,mat]ials #dc-dd ,prep>ation ( ,mat]ials #dd-df ,! ,weav+ ,process #df-di ,rectangul> ,seats #di-ej ,irregul> ,seats #ej-ea ,sugge/ions #ea-ed ,f9i% #ed ,*apt] ,,vi4--,re$ & ,spl9t ,weav+ #ee ,primitive ,me?ods #ef-eg ,blea*+ #eg-eh ,/a9+ #eh-ei ,o!r ,mat]ials #ei-fb ,*apt] ,,vii4--,seats ( ,re$s & ,spl9ts #fc ,indian ,spl9ts #gb-gi ,a ,ru/ic ,*air #gi-hj ,a ,wov5 ,table #ha ,will[s #ha-hb ,weav+ ,mat]ials3 ,:]e to ,obta9 #hd ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,typical ,,alley ,,sc5e ,,9 ,,hong ,,kong ,,%[+ ,,native ,,m5 ,,& ,,wom5 ,,sort+ ,,& ,,/ripp+ ,,rattan4 ,c\rtesy1 ,p]iodical ,publi%+ ,co4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,can+2 ,,! ,,sev5 ,,/eps ,t can+ has n be5 und]tak5 to any appreciable ext5t 9 s*ool %ops is due to ! fact t in/ructors are unfamili> ) ! weav+ processes4 ,can+ is n difficult4 ,x1 9 common ) _m o!r l9es ( activity1 is be/ le>n$ ?ru obs]vation4 ,h[ev]1 x may be und]tak5 by ! av]age p]son aft] c>eful /udy ( pr9t$ directions & illu/rations4 ,if ! work] w closely obs]ve 8 own "w z x progresses1 & foll[s in/ructions c>efully1 he %\ld h no unusual difficulty 9 can+ an area v acceptably 9 ! initial attempt4 ,p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to directions :i* tell ( errors to avoid4 ,errors creep 91 9 a v unobtrusive mann] at times1 & ! amateur w f9d !m h>d to detect4 ,cane4--,cane is ! "n appli$ to a great numb] ( plants :i* possess long1 sl5d]1 re$like /ems4 ,! "n %\ld apply only to a class ( palms call$ rattans4 ,^! plants are f\nd ?ru\t ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago1 ,*9a1 ,india1 ,ceylon1 & ! ,malay ,p59sula4 ,!y gr[ 9 d5se1 d>k =e/s & =m a matt$ und]gr[? :i* makes passage difficult or impossible4 ,^! palms are trail+ 9 t5d5cy1 yet frequ5tly gr[ to tree height4 ,!y !n fall ov] & lie on ! gr\nd4 ,! /em is cov]$ ) beautiful gre5 foliage1 gr[s to a l5g? ( #ajj to #cjj ft41 & r>ely exce$s #a 94 9 diamet]4 ,! /ems are cut into l5g?s ( #aj to #bj ft4 = export4 ,! out] b>k is /ripp$ into wid?s v>y+ f to 94 ,^! /rips are put into hanks ( #a1jjj l9eal feet ea*4 ,! cane is !n ready = ! cane weav]4 ,a hank ( cane co/s f #fj c5ts to #a4 ,! wid? ( ! cane & its quality det]m9es ! price p] hank4 ,x may be pur*as$ f any uphol/]y supply h\se4 ,cane is nam$ f ! n>r[e/ to ! wide/ 9 ord]3 c>riage1 sup]f9e1 f9e-f9e1 f9e1 m$ium1 common1 n>r[ b9d]1 & wide b9d]4 ,cane f ,india has a v glossy surface1 :ile t f o!r localities is dull]4 ,! "r side ( ! cane is easily det]m9$ by ?is gloss9ess4 ,cane = weav+ purposes %\ld n be confus$ ) ! popul>ly call$ cane or bamboo ( our s\!rn /ates1 :]e x =ms ! well kn[n cane-brakes4 ,?is cane r>ely exce$s a height ( #bj ft4 ,x gr[s rapidly & v /raight1 & to an appreciable diamet]4 ,su* cane is us$ = bamboo furniture1 walk+ /icks1 poles1 etc4 ,! ord9>y dome/ic sug> cane1 also1 %\ld n be confus$ ) seat+ cane4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,! ,,can+ ,,ne$le4 ,equipm5t4--,! tools ne$$ 9 cane weav+ are few 9 numb]4 ,a special "o is call$ ! can+ ne$le4 ,?is may be made 9 ! s*ool %op4 ,fig4 #a %[s a work+ draw+ ( ! ne$le4 ,its l5g? is v>iable1 dep5d+ ^u ! "w at h&4 ,x is desirable to h a numb] ( diff]5t l5g?s4 ,! tool is made ( good flexible /eel wire4 ,?is is flatt5$ at "o end1 an eye cut 9 x1 blunt po9t$1 & slightly curv$ z indicat$4 ,! o!r end is ins]t$ 9 an ord9>y small tool h&le1 ext5d$ ?ru & rivet$4 ,! rivet+ prev5ts ! wire f draw+ out ( ! h&le "u a pull+ /ra94 ,! o!r tools ne$$ are a scrat* awl1 & a pair ( scissors or knife4 ,a button-hook ) ! hook /raight5$ or cut (f may take ! place ( ! awl4 ,a pair ( divid]s & rule are necess>y = m>k+4 ,sev]al wood pegs are ne$$4 ,^! may be class$ ) ! tools4 ,!y are made f a 94 d[el rod1 or ! equival5t4 ,cut !m ab\t #d 94 long & po9t !m z y w\ld a lead p5cil4 ,! amateur is incl9$ to use a numb] ( pegs4 ,f\r %\ld prove amply suffici5t4 ,beg9n+ ! ,op]ation4--,fig4 #b is a photograph ( an uphol/]$ leg re/ ) can$ sides4 ,?is re/ w be us$ = our initial "w 9 cane weav+1 inasmu* z ! area = can+ is rectangul>4 ,x is n advisable = ! beg9n] to h 8 initial exp]i5ce on a *air seat1 = ! area is usually ( an odd %ape1 & arms1 legs1 & back int]f]e4 ,h[ev]1 any rectangul> area on :i* !re are no projections to bo!r may be us$ = ! fir/ trial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,leg ,,re/4 ,x is assum$ t ! sides ( ! re/ h be5 fitt$4 ,! rails & /iles are !n assembl$ ) glue1 )\t ! po/s4 ,:5 ! glue has set ! prop] l5g? ( "t1 & ! frame is clean$ & s&$1 ! rails & /iles are ready to dim5sion4 ,draw p5cil l9es entirely ar\nd ! inn] sides ( ! rails & /iles1 94 f ! edges4 ,?is di/ance rema9s con/ant1 usually1 on all areas & ) canes ! v>i\s wid?s4 ,) a pair ( divid]s set at 94 space (f po9ts on ! p5cil l9es1 />t+ f ! int]section ( ! ext5d$ l9es on ea* rail4 ,fig4 #c is a work+ draw+ ( a corn]1 dim5sion$ z sugge/$4 ,x w make cle>] ! directions4 ,x is fundam5tal t ! spac+ be done 9 ! same direction on p>allel rails1 = at times ! la/ space w be a %ort 94 or :atev] dim5sion is us$4 ,9 su* cases x is necess>y to r$ivide ! la/ sev]al spaces into divisions z ne> 94 z possible4 ,x ?us becomes obvi\s :y spac+ mu/ be done 9 "o direction z /at$4 ,?is applies to all rectangul> frames4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,corn] ,,= ,,can+4 ,) a 94 wood bit bore holes ?ru ! rails & /iles at ! po9ts m>k$4 ,c\nt]s9k ! holes slightly on ! und]side ( ! frame4 ,?is is n absolutely necess>y b aids consid]ably 9 locat+ ! holes1 & 9 o!r ways4 ,9 %ops :]e p[] ma*9]y is available a v]tical bor] may be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,x is be/ to c>efully m>k ! po9ts = bor+ ) a c5t] pun*4 ,! twi/ bit w !n />t accurately & ! dang] = gett+ out ( l9e w be r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,! dim5sions giv5 "h are = f9e-f9e cane4 ,use s&pap] to remove p5cil l9es & r\gh edges left f bor+2 !n clamp ! frame ov] ! edge ( a table or b5* ) a c>riage clamp2 sit :ile do+ ! weav+4 ,! ,sev5 ,/eps 9 ,can+4--,fig4 #d %[s ! sev5 /eps 9 can+4 ,ref] to ?is photograph ?ru\t ! foll[+ directions4 ,! numb]s on ! photograph ref] to ! /eps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,! ,,sev5 ,,/eps ,,9 ,,can+4 ,/ep #a4 ,a hank ( cane %\ld be soak$ = a few m9utes 9 w>m wat]1 or long] 9 cold4 ,d n soak x too long4 ,/>t a /r& by draw+ "o end ?ru a hole next to a corn] hole1 & let x project ab\t #c 94 bel[4 ,fa/5 ) a peg4 ,!n />t+ at ! peg1 pull ! entire /r& ?ru ! ?umb & =ef+] to prev5t twi/+1 & pull ! end d[n ?ru ! hole on ! opposite p>allel rail next to ! corn] hole1 & !n up ?ru ! hole next to x4 ,see t ! "r side ( ! cane is out on ! und]side ( ! frame z on ! top4 ,pull ! cane reasonably taut1 & fa/5 ) a peg to prev5t ! /r& f slipp+ back & becom+ loose4 ,draw ! cane ?ru ! ?umb & =ef+] aga92 pull x across ! frame & d[n ?ru ! hole next to ! peg & up ?ru ! hole next to x4 ,pull taut & fa/5 ) ! second peg4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ until all holes h be5 utiliz$ on ! two p>allel rails1 except ^? on ! corn]s4 ,?ru\t ! sev5 op]ations x is necess>y t ! cane be kept f twi/+ by draw+ ! rema9+ "p ( ! /r& ?ro ?umb & =ef+]4 ,/ep #b4 ,! second /ep is id5tical ) ! fir/1 ) ! diff]5ce t ! o!r two p>allel rails are us$1 & t ! canes run ov] ! fir/ set ( p>allel canes4 ,if ! fir/ /r& ( cane has n be5 entirely us$ up 9 ! fir/ /ep1 ! rema9d] is us$ to beg9 ! second /ep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,ty+ ,,ends ,,( ,,cane4 ,/ep #c4 ,?is /ep is a repetition ( ! fir/ two4 ,! canes ( ?is s]ies run ov] ! fir/ & second s]ies & p>allel ) ! fir/4 ,z ea* /r& is us$ up b9d ! end by pull+ x "u a cane1 cross+ f "o hole to ano!r und]nea? ! frame & cutt+ (f ab\t 94 f ! cane4 ,fig4 #e %[s h[ ?is b9d+ is done4 ,! loose end at ! />t+ po9t is ti$ 9 ?is way1 & all subsequ5t ones %\ld be ti$ z !y come1 ?us avoid+ int]f]5ce by _m pegs1 & insur+ neat b9d+4 ,/ep #d4 ,! actual weav+ beg9s ) ?is /ep4 ,x may be done entirely by h&1 )\t resort to ! ne$le1 b x is sl[ "w4 ,! ne$le %\ld be us$4 ,/>t at a hole next to a corn] on ei!r rail t has be5 us$ b once1 work+ f can$ side t[>d ! op5 frame4 ,g ov] & "u ! /r&s necess>y to =m ! weave1 turn+ ! ne$le f side to side 9 ord] to cat* ! canes beh9d ! po9t4 ,:5 across ?read ! ne$le ) ! /r& & pull ?ru1 be+ c>eful to avoid a twi/4 ,pull ! end d[n ?ru ! hole1 pair+ ! canes4 ,pull ! cane up ?ru ! next hole2 !n />t ! ne$le f ! opposite side ( ! frame & repeat ! fir/ op]ation1 ?us pair+ ano!r set ( canes4 ,cont9ue until all canes are pair$ & all holes us$4 ,soak ! wov5 cane ) a wet sponge1 & ) two pegs /raight5 ! /r&s ( cane & =ce all pairs toge!r4 ,small1 op5 squ>es are ?us =m$ ov] ! area be+ can$4 ,unless ! cane is soak$ x w prove r difficult to pair ! canes4 ,/ep #e4 ,?is /ep is ! weav+ ( "o set ( diagonals4 ,/>t ! /r& at any corn] hole4 ,use "o h& ov] & "o "u ! frame4 ,z ! work] becomes skilful he w f9d x easi] to give ! cane a slight curve & "w ) bo? h&s on ! upp] surface4 ,use an end ( cane long en\gh = conv5i5t h&l+2 !n pull ! entire /r& ?ru ! l5g? ( ! frame1 provid$ ! area is n too great4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid twi/+ ! cane4 ,! cane w run easily1 & p>tially "u a cane at ! corn]s ( ! squ>es1 if correctly done4 ,fig4 #f %[s ?is cle>ly1 z does ! illu/ration 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,! second illu/ration is a photograph ( a /rip ( cane webb+1 is approximately half size1 & w supplem5t ! freeh& sket*4 ,! corn]s w b9d1 & ! /r& w pull ) difficulty if ! cane is incorrectly wov54 ,on p>allel canes note t ! canes ei!r run ov] or "u ! pairs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,freeh& ,,sket* ,,( ,,can+4 ,/ep #f4 ,?is /ep is id5tical ) ! prec$+ "o4 ,! canes are at "r angles to ! fir/ diagonals4 ,9 ?is /ep & ! prec$+ "o note t two /r&s run into ! corn] holes4 ,?is holds true 9 all rectangul> frames :]e a corn] hole is bor$4 ,x p]mits ! /r&s to run 9 z /raight a l9e z possible4 ,if x is necess>y to turn abruptly to ent] a hole x is obvi\s t an error has be5 made by ! weav]4 ,/ep #g4 ,pull a cane ( ! same size z us$ 9 ! o!r /eps up ?ru a hole1 ov] ! b9d] cane & d[n ?ru ! same hole4 ,a loop is ?us =m$ & ! b9d] secur$4 ,pull taut1 !n ent] ! next hole1 pull up ! cane ov] ! b9d] & d[n1 & s on4 ,?is op]ation may be repeat$ at e o!r hole :5 ! holes are close toge!r4 ,! two ends ( ! b9d] are f9ally ov]lapp$ & secur$1 & ! op]ation ?us complet$4 ,at times1 :5 ! la/ /r&s are wov51 x may prove advisable to secure canes und]nea? ! frame by plugg+ ! necess>y holes2 at lea/ 9 in/ances :]e ! canes h a t5d5cy to "w loose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sugge/ive ,,projects4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,can+ ,,sugge/ions ,z weav+ progresses difficulty w be exp]i5c$ 9 ins]t+ cane ends 9 ! holes1 due to _! becom+ fill$4 ,=ce ! scrat* awl ?ru & turn x sev]al times4 ,?is w effectively =ce an op5+4 ,9 _m in/ances long ends ( cane rema9 f "o s]ies to ano!r4 ,^! g5]ally1 z previ\sly m5tion$1 %\ld be us$ 9 succe$+ /eps4 ,!re is "o limitation4 ,!y %\ld be us$ provid$ x is n necess>y to c>ry !m ov] m ?an f\r holes on ! "u side ( ! frame4 ,! few] loose ends left1 ! bett]1 = ! can+ is !reby neat] & bett]4 ,x is g5]ally advisable to use a full l5g? /r& to avoid a numb] ( loose ends4 ,! amateur w f9d 8 greate/ difficulty 9 prop]ly weav+ ! diagonals at ! edges2 t is1 imm$iately ^u ent]+ or leav+ a hole4 ,_m comm5dable pieces ( can+ are spoil$ by ragg$1 improp]ly wov5 edges4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to see t ! cane goes ov] & "u ! prop] /r& or /r&s at ^! po9ts4 ,fig4 #f cle>ly %[s h[ ! diagonals %\ld run4 ,/udy x c>efully4 ,! addition ( a b9d] is g5]ally a matt] ( ta/e4 ,p]haps #ej p] c5t ( mod]n h& can$ furniture does n employ a b9d] ( any description4 ,! s]ies ( regul>ly expos$ holes are r pleas+ & 9 no way detract4 ,h[ev]1 9 *air seats a b9d] is ess5tial to protect ! ends ( canes1 = !y are subject to h>d we>4 ,b9d]s ( re$ or ( wood call$ spl9es may be us$ on h&-can$ frames4 ,if ei!r is us$ a groove 94 deep & 94 wide is cut co9cid5t ) ! holes be=e weav+ is begun4 ,aft] ! area is can$ ! /rips are fitt$ & glu$ 94 ,use little glue4 ,tap ! spl9es firmly ) a mallet us$ ov] a block ( wood1 until !y are flu% ) ! wov5 cane4 ,*apt] ,,iv gives ! me?od 9 detail4 ,! size ( ! holes & ! di/ance betwe5 !m is det]m9$ l>gely by ! size ( ! cane us$4 ,"s pref] co>se me%$ areas1 :ile o!rs desire !m closely wov54 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 :at we may t]m a /&>d me%4 ,! individual may v>y ! dim5sions giv5 to suit himself4 ,! ,jacobean or e>ly can+ 0 inv>iably ( co>se me%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,w+back ,,*air4 ,c>riage & sup]f9e cane require 94 holes & 94 spaces2 f9e-f9e cane requires 94 holes & 94 spaces2 f9e cane requires 94 holes & 94 spaces2 m$ium1 94 holes & 94 spaces4 ,f9e-f9e & f9e cane are ! be/ sizes = %op use4 ,a small am\nt ( m$ium b9d] is desirable4 ,"o hank ( cane w ord9>ily be suffici5t = a half-doz5 areas ( approximately #ab 94 by #ab 94 ,mo/ old pieces ( p]iod furniture utiliz+ cane employ a p>ticul>ly n>r[ split horizontally & v]tically1 & a wid] split diagonally4 ,! opposite practice may be employ$--a f9] split ( cane be+ us$ diagonally ?an horizontally & v]tically4 ,bo? effects are pleas+4 ,9 all illu/rations ( rectangul> areas %[n h]e91 corn] holes are bor$ & utiliz$ 9 ! cane weav+4 ,^! are n absolutely necess>y2 9 fact can$ areas on _m pieces ( p]iod & mod]n furniture d n utilize corn] holes4 ,9 su* in/ances two diagonal /r&s are run 9 ea* hole on ei!r side ( ! corn]4 ,a comp>ison ( ! areas1 ! "o employ+ a corn] hole1 & ! o!r n1 w lead ! obs]v] to conclude t ! =m] appe>s complete :ile ! latt] appe>s unf9i%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,/rip ,,to ,,cov] ,,cane ,,ends4 ,x is frequ5tly necess>y or desirable to cov] up ! cane on ! back or inside ( an article4 ,?is is true ( places expos$ to view1 & is especially advisable on su* pieces ( furniture z ! w+back *air %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,?is *air ( ,william & ,m>y design 0 made 9 a s*ool %op1 is h& can$1 & ( mahogany4 ,! expos$ cane is cov]$ ) /rips ( mahogany 94 ?ick & #a 94 wide 9 :i* a groove 94 deep & 94 wide has be5 run4 ,?is groove may be made ) saw1 *isel1 or comb9ation plane4 ,fig4 #h %[s a sket* ( su* a /rip4 ,x makes a neat1 pleas+ cov]4 ,_m pieces ( s-call$ exp5sive furniture h ragg$1 expos$ can+4 ,?is is unsightly & is n to be comm5d$4 ,:]ev] x is f\nd desirable to leave cane natural1 x is necess>y t ! frame be /a9$ be=e can+ is begun4 ,box fum+ w n p]man5tly color cane4 ,oil /a9s make no appreciable impression if rubb$ (f at once4 ,b wat]1 acid1 & alcohol /a9s produce decid$ colors4 ,if ! work] desires to color ! cane approximately ! same %ade z ! article1 ! can+ may be done on ! :ite wood & ! entire article /a9$ at ! "o op]ation4 ,cane may be %ellack$ or v>ni%$ or left natural1 z desir$4 ,irregul> ,areas4--,fig4 #i %[s a close view ( ! back ( ! *air illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,?is is a typical example ( an irregul>-%ap$ area = can+4 ,! pr9ciples ( weav+ rema9 ! same 9 areas ( any %ape1 yet ea* requires slightly diff]5t treatm5t4 ,ea* has its individual problem4 ,x is necess>y to skip "s holes altoge!r4 ,?is is nev] done 9 rectangul> %apes4 ,a close inspection ( ! photograph w reveal _m skipp$ holes4 ,?is is necess>y to keep p>allel /r&s equidi/ant1 & diagonals /raight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,back ,,( ,,*air ,,%[+ ,,oddly ,,%ap$ ,,areas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,locat+ ,,holes ,,on ,,w+ ,,( ,,*air4 ,to cle>ly und]/& h[ ! holes are locat$ on a w+ ( ?is *air ref] to ,fig4 #aj4 ,! left upright & l[] rails are at "r angles to ea* o!r4 ,! upp] rail is curv$ & ! "r upright slant$4 ,measurem5ts are begun at ! l[] left h& corn] & prop] di/ances spac$ on ! left upright4 ,) ! arm ( a try-squ>e aga9/ ?is upright1 po9ts are m>k$ on ! opposite upright 9 l9e ) ^? on ! =m]4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ on ! l[] rail & ! upp] curv$ "o4 ,/r&s ( cane w !n obvi\sly run p>allel4 ,inasmu* z !re are five holes 9 ! base & eight 9 ! top x is necess>y t ?ree v]tical /r&s be run into ! slant+ upright 9 any holes :i* w p]mit ! /r&s to run p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,! photograph ( ! can$ w+1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa1 %\ld make v cle> ! =ego+ explanation4 ,exp]i5ce ) sev]al unusual %apes is necess>y be=e ! weav] feels confid5t ( readily can+ any area ( odd %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,close ,,view ,,( ,,w+4 ,9 weav+ ! diagonals x is frequ5tly necess>y to run sev]al 9 "o hole 9 ord] to keep ! canes z /raight z possible4 ,j :5 ?is %\ld be done c only be det]m9$ by ! work]4 ,a diagonal %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to sw+ to any great degree out ( a /raight l9e4 ,a close obs]vation ( ! photograph ( ! w+ w reveal _m diagonal canes 9 "o hole1 & sev]al holes skipp$ entirely4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,can+ ,,( ,,five ,,/eps4 ,five-,/ep ,can+4--,cane weav+ ( five /eps is n common4 ,x may be done 9 _m cases :]e x w n be subject to h>d we>4 ,x is neat 9 appe>ance & is mu* simpl] ?an sev5-/ep can+4 ,! presumption %\ld n be made t ?is weave w 9 any way supplant ! regul> weave1 b 9 in/ances :]e decoration is ! object1 & n s]vice p>ticul>ly1 ?is weave w prove suffici5t & effective4 ,fig4 #ab illu/rates a frame can$ ) ! five /eps4 ,! di/ance betwe5 holes 0 purposely made great] ?an usual1 to %[ ! weave cle>ly4 ,! fir/ /r&s are /rung 91 9 ! same mann] z describ$ 9 ! sev5 /eps4 ,! second s]ies ( /r&s are int]wov5 ) ! fir/4 ,! ov] & "u weave is us$4 ,ea* alt]nate r[ ( ea* s]ies is ei!r ov] or "u4 ,! fir/ diagonal /r&s run ov] ! prec$+ two s]ies4 ,!y are n wov5 z 9 sev5-/ep can+4 ,! second diagonal /r&s run ov] ! fir/ diagonals & "u ! int]section ( ! o!r /r&s1 includ+ e alt]nate fir/ diagonal4 ,?is resolves itself into simple ov] & "u weav+4 ,note t b "o /r& ( a diagonal ent]s a corn] hole4 ,?is is n true ( sev5-/ep can+1 z else:]e indicat$4 ,x is advisable to utilize a wid] cane 9 ! fir/ two /eps1 ?an is us$ 9 ! subsequ5t ones4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,dav5port ,,) ,,can$ ,,panels4 ,! ,design ,elem5t4--,can+ is n a fad4 ,cane 0 commonly us$ 9 ,c>olean furniture 9 ,engl& ab\t #affj1 & has cont9u$ 9 use = seat+ purposes ?ru ! v>i\s subsequ5t p]iods4 ,! application ( cane z us$ today on ,fr5* furniture1 z 9 panels1 is hi/orically wrong4 ,h[ev] !re c be no valid objection to its use 9 panels if no attempt is made to "n x a true p]iod /yle4 ,also x mu/ be conc$$ t p]iod furniture 0 n always well design$1 & !re c be no well su/a9$ objection to ! use ( cane 9 panels1 provid$ x is 9 keep+ /ructurally & decoratively ) ! p>ticul> piece ( furniture4 ,! introduction ( cane at fir/ 0 und\bt$ly br\ght ab\t by a desire = some?+ light1 sub/antial & s]viceable1 & x bl5d$ well ) ! oak ( ! p]iod4 ,cane is mu* us$ on mod]n furniture1 & )\t d\bt x adds to ! beauty ( ! giv5 pieces4 ,9 _m cases ! decoration is ov]done & in/ead ( improv+ ! article ! cane 9 reality detracts4 ,prop]ly us$1 x enri*es by break+ up flat un9t]e/+ areas1 & light5+ ! appe>ance ( o!rwise massive1 cumb]some articles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,rock] ,,) ,,can$ ,,sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,book ,,%elves ,,) ,,can$ ,,panels4 ,"u prop] correlation ) wood 9 s*ool %ops x promotes an appreciation ( con/ructive design 9 :i* ! elem5t ( beauty is a prime consid]ation4 ,x is a practical m$ium 9 :i* ! aspect ( design z an elem5t ( utility is p>am\nt4 ,x has di/9ct comm]cial value1 = ! boys :o h _h tra9+ 9 ! %ops may d *air seat+ outside & e>n consid]able money4 ,by su* "w !y come to see a di/9ct relation betwe5 ! comm]cial field & _! %op exp]i5ces4 ,?is is a po9t ( view :i* is v desirable 9 pres5t-day indu/rial education4 ,figs4 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 & #ag %[ pieces ( furniture made 9 manual tra9+ %ops by eigh? grade boys4 ,^! pieces comprise a gr\p1 ) ! addition ( ! leg re/ %[n 9 ,fig4 #b = a libr>y or liv+ room4 ,! cane 9 ea* in/ance adds mat]ially to ! arti/ic effect ( ! problems2 !y h tone4 ,! cane =ms pleas+ gr\ps well relat$ to ! wood mass4 ,! cane is natural1 ! wood fum$ & f9i%$ flat4 ,! two tones ( color are 9 p]fect h>mony4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,libr>y ,,table4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,table4 ,,sides ,,can$4 ,fig4 #af %[s a libr>y table ( oak con/ruct$ by an eigh? grade boy4 ,! l9es are v pleas+ & ! long v]tical can$ panel adds a di/9ct note to ! /ructure ev5 ?o purely decorative4 ,_m modifications ( ! /&>d weave 9 can+ are 9 vogue1 b are m or less fads4 ,a rot>y weave is r preval5t on c]ta9 types ( furniture1 z is :at may be t]m$ ! spid]-web weave4 ,^! are m5tion$ m]ely to sugge/ t can+ is subject to v>iation4 ,h[ev]1 ! /&>d weave1 ( sev5 /eps1 w n be supplant$ to any appreciable degree1 = x adapts itself to almo/ all types ( furniture bo? decoratively & /ructurally4 ,x mu/ n be presum$ t ! me?od describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,i is ! only "o :i* may be employ$ 9 weav+ ?is /&>d weave4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods ( weav+ :i* arrive at ! same ultimate result1 b ! "o describ$ is ! simple/1 & ! mo/ direct1 & )al ! "o be/ adapt$ to g5]al use1 p>ticul>ly to s*ool-%op pupils4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sugge/ive ,,projects4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,reseat+ ,a ,,*air2 ,,h& ,,can+ ,9 _m localities x is impossible to f9d a pr(essional to reseat can$ *airs ei!r by h& or ) cane webb+4 ,_m *airs 9 good repair & wor?y are relegat$ to ! attic because ( brok5 or sunk5 seats4 ,uphol/]]s g5]ally w n be tr\bl$ ) su* jobs ( can+ = ! "w does n pay unless !re is an am\nt suffici5t to keep !m /eadily employ$4 ,usually !y are n adept en\gh to d su* odd jobs z may come to !m1 ev5 ?o will+ to d ! "w1 )9 a "t consi/5t ) suffici5t money returns4 ,*airs ( ord9>y size may be can$ = a m9imum ( #a & a maximum ( #b4 ,if ! holes h previ\sly be5 bor$1 mu* labor is ?us avoid$1 & ! *>ge is naturally made less4 ,! pr(essional cane weav] has v>i\s ways by :i* he det]m9es ! co/ = recan+ a giv5 seat4 ,p]haps ! mo/ common me?od employ$ is t ( *>g+ s mu* p] hole4 ,?is is f #a to #b c5ts4 ,! difficulty 9 h&l+ v f9e cane is also a factor 9 decid+ :at to *>ge4 ,usually a casual look+ ov] ( ! *air by ! exp]t is all t is necess>y to fix a price4 ,no *>ge ( less ?an #a on a h& can$ seat w suffici5tly remun]ate ! work]4 ,fig4 #ah %[s a hank ( cane & rolls ( ma*9e wov5 cane4 ,any boy :o has _h in/ruction & suffici5t exp]i5ce 9 can+ 9 ! manual tra9+ %op may readily und]take jobs ( can+4 ,! boy :o w inve/igate w f9d t he may "w up a sizeable trade 9 *air seat+ 9 a %ort "t4 ,9 fact sev]al boys w n ov]cr[d a giv5 field4 ,su* "w w pay ! amateur well4 ,he does n1 nor _c expect pr(essional wages4 ,x is ( consid]able value f ! pupil's /&po9t alone1 t is1 ?is correlation ) 8 manual s*ool activities4 ,! am\nt ( pay initially is n ! ma9 "q2 x is ! educational value d]iv$4 ,he w\ld und\bt$ly f9d will+ help at 8 %op at any "t a job ( peculi> treatm5t pres5t$ itself4 ,! ,process4--,_m *airs :i* ! own]s w\ld wi% h& can$ h no holes bor$ = ! "w4 ,!y previ\sly held ma*9e wov5 cane4 ,fig4 #ai %[s a sket* ( a *air bottom ( ord9>y or /&>d %ape4 ,! area is irregul>4 ,! sket* %[s ! me?od ( det]m9+ ! location = ! holes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,hank ,,( ,,cane ,,& ,,rolls ,,( ,,ma*9e ,,wov5 ,,cane4 ,z /at$ 9 ! discussion ( ! sev5 /eps 9 can+1 ! holes are inv>iably 94 f ! inn] edges ( ! rails4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! l9e f :i* ! holes = ! front rail are locat$ is p>allel ) ! front rail2 x is co9cid5t ) ! l9e on :i* ! holes are bor$4 ,! l9e on ! back rail mu/ be p>allel ) x2 ! l9e runs ?ru ! c5t] ( ! c5t] hole4 ,! l9es on ! side rails are p>allel to ea* o!r & at "r angles to ! fir/ two4 ,^! f\r l9es are %[n z da% l9es on ! draw+4 ,_! function is simply to det]m9e ! location = ! holes to be bor$ on ! l9es 94 f ! inn] edges ( ! rails4 ,^? l9es are %[n 9 ! sket* z full l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,*air ,,seat ,,( ,,odd ,,%ape1 ,,%[+ ,,me?od ,,( ,,f9d+ ,,location ,,( ,,holes4 ,:5 ! work+ l9es are det]m9$1 ! c5t]s ( ! front & back l9es are locat$4 ,! l9es connect+ correspond+ holes on ! front & back rails mu/ be p>allel to ! l9e connect+ ! c5t] holes on ^! rails4 ,?is rule applies to ! locat+ ( ! holes on ! side rails4 ,x also applies to any seat ( odd %ape4 ,! di/ance betwe5 holes w v>y some:at at diff]5t places on ! seat frame4 ,?is is ! result ( work+ to rule1 & is necess>y to keep /r&s equidi/ant & p>allel4 ,at times respac+ at sev]al places w be necess>y4 ,:5 x is1 simply r$ivide into z ne>ly ! giv5 dim5sions z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,fir/ ,,/ep ,,half ,,complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,fir/ ,,/ep ,,complet$4 ,,second ,,begun4 ,aft] ! holes h be5 bor$ & clean$ ! seat is ready = can+4 ,/>t at ! c5t] hole 9 ! back4 ,pull ! cane up ?ru ?is hole & across ! frame1 & d[n ! c5t] hole 9 ! front4 ,"w bo? ways on ! frame4 ,fig4 #ai %[s a cane />t$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,x is be/ t ! amateur "w f ! c5t]1 bo? ways4 ,he may beg9 o!rwise :5 he und]/&s ! "w bett]4 ,! can+ op]ations on ! seat to be %[n are ! same z ^? describ$ 9 ! sev5 /eps 9 can+4 ,!y nev] v>y4 ,! only new ?+ involv$ "h is ! %ape ( ! seat4 ,fig4 #bj is a photograph ( a *air seat ( an odd %ape1 an irregul> ellipse4 ,x %[s ! fir/ /ep half complet$4 ,note "h t ! la/ /r& skips two holes1 "o at ! front & "o at ! back4 ,?is is necess>y to keep /r&s z ne>ly ! same di/ance ap>t z possible4 ,fig4 #ba %[s ! fir/ /ep complet$ & ! second p>tially s4 ,x is n necess>y to />t at ! c5t] ) ?is s]ies1 al?o x is advisable ) ! beg9n]4 ,note t two holes h be5 skipp$ "h1 z 9 ! fir/ /ep4 ,fig4 #bb %[s ! second /ep f9i%$ & ! ?ird "u way4 ,^! /r&s run directly ov] ^? ( ! fir/ s]ies4 ,pegs are always us$ to keep /r&s taut4 ,_! prop] use has be5 expla9$4 ,fig4 #bc %[s ! ?ird /ep complet$ & ! f\r? "u way4 ,?is %[s ! actual weav+1 & ! me?od ( us+ ! ne$le4 ,x has be5 pu%$ ?ru 9 ! mann] previ\sly describ$2 & is %[n ?read$1 ready to be pull$ back1 ?us mak+ ! weave4 ,! ne$le may n be us$1 b w d ! "w rapidly4 ,h&work alone "h is t$i\s4 ,fig4 #bd %[s ! diagonal weave "u way4 ,9 ,fig4 #be ?is weave is complet$ & ! second diagonal />t$4 ,fig4 #bf %[s ! me?od ( fa/5+ ! b9d]4 ,?is has be5 describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,! ,,second ,,/ep ,,f9i%$ ,,& ,,! ,,?ird ,,"u ,,way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,/ep ,,complet$ ,,& ,,! ,,f\r? ,,"u ,,way4 ,,! ,,can+ ,,ne$le ,,9 ,,use4 ,! fir/ ?ree s]ies ( /r&s %\ld n be pull$ v tight1 o!rwise ! f9al weav+ w prove difficult4 ,! f9i%$ seat1 :5 dry1 %\ld r+ :5 /ruck %>ply ) ! f+]s4 ,! me?od ( ty+ cane1 prev5t+ twi/s1 etc41 has be5 expla9$4 ,ref]5ce %\ld be made to ^! po9ts1 :5 any?+ is n fully und]/ood 9 ?is discussion ( *air seat+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,diagonal ,,weave ,,"u ,,way4 ,,! ,,fif? ,,/ep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,,fir/ ,,diagonal ,,complet$ ,,& ,,! ,,second ,,begun4 ,,! ,,six? ,,/ep4 ,note t _m holes h be5 skipp$ 9 ea* s]ies1 especially 9 ! la/ two1 & also t m ?an "o diagonal ( a giv5 s]ies ent]s ! same hole4 ,9 e case x w ent] t hole :i* leaves its c\rse 9 z /raight a l9e z possible4 ,9 rectangul> areas x is nev] necess>y to run two diagonals into ! same hole1 except at ! corn]s4 ,?is applies to two diagonals ( ! same s]ies4 ,ref9i%+4--,! ref9i%+ ( a *air is a di/9ct problem1 & "o :i* ! cane weav] %\ld und]/&4 ,he %\ld acquire ability = f9i%+ along ) skill 9 can+1 inasmu* z a *air :i* ne$s a new seat inv>iably is 9 ne$ ( ref9i%+4 ,! me?od is z foll[s3 ,remove ! cane f ! seat4 ,if ! f9i% is 9 fair condition m]ely wa% ! *air ) w>m wat] & soap4 ,:5 dry s& ! surface some:at1 wipe clean1 & foll[ ) a coat ( good v>ni%4 ,9 =ty-eight h\rs rub ) pumice /one & oil1 & foll[ ) an application ( furniture poli%1 well rubb$4 ,a good poli% :i* may be made 9 s*ool %ops is compos$ ( two p>ts ( raw oil1 two p>ts ( turp5t9e1 "o "p v9eg>1 & a v small am\nt ( alcohol4 ,boil$ oil may be us$ 9 ! abs5ce ( ! raw product4 ,%ake ! conta9] con/antly :5 us+1 = ! p>ts are almo/ all m]ely held 9 susp5sion4 ,%\ld ! *air be 9 poor condition1 remove all v>ni% ) any good v>ni% remov] f\nd on ! m>ket4 ,apply z direct$ ) a /iff bru%1 runn+ ! solution well into all crevices4 ,lat] rub (f ! s(t5$ f9i% ) excelsior or burlap4 ,a scrap]1 an old plane bit1 or a r dull *isel w prove effective 9 corn]s & recesses4 ,apply a second coat ( remov] if conditions w>rant x & clean aga91 !n :5 ! surfaces are dry1 s& until clean & smoo?4 ,foll[ ) a coat ( oil /a9 ( ! color desir$2 !n two coats ( v>ni%1 all[+ ea* coat to dry #dh h\rs4 ,s& ! fir/ coat lightly1 & rub ! second ) pumice /one & oil4 ,a fill] is n g5]ally necess>y 9 ref9i%+4 ,! gr\nd coat may be ( %ellac in/ead ( v>ni% if ! work] pref]s x4 ,! *air ne$ n be /a9$ if x 0 f9i%$ natural orig9ally4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,fa/5+ ,,b9d]4 ,,! ,,sev5? ,,& ,,la/ ,,/ep4 ,9 can+ ! seat special c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to avoid m>r+ ! v>ni%$ frame4 ,if ! ne$le is us$ 9 ! f\r? /ep ! frame ne$s protection f x4 ,pieces ( bri/ol or c>d bo>d may be plac$ "u ! ne$le on ei!r side ( ! frame4 ,! ne$le is b\nd to m> ! surface ( ! frame if ?is precaution is n tak54 ,9 _m in/ances x is policy to cane ! seat aft] ! old f9i% has be5 remov$2 ?is to avoid any possibility ( m>r+ ! seat frame lat]4 ,h[ev]1 x is bett] practice to ref9i% ! *air fir/1 & cane ! seat la/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sugge/ive ,,projects4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,reseat+ ,a ,,*air2 ,,cane ,,webb+ ,! seat+ ( *airs ) ma*9e wov5 cane is a mu* simpl] process ?an t ( h& can+ !m4 ,"u simil> conditions less "t & skill are requir$ on areas ( l dim5sions4 ,ma*9e wov5 cane1 z its "n implies1 is a manufactur$ product made on p[] looms or ma*9es4 ,comm]cially x is sold "u ! "n ( cane webb+4 ,x is obta9able 9 wid?s rang+ f #h 941 increas+ by #b 941 to #ah 941 & 9 rolls ( indef9ite l5g?s4 ,x may be procur$ 9 me%es ( v>y+ f95ess1 utiliz+ cane ( v>i\s sizes4 ,9 specify+ op5 wov5 cane x is necess>y t ! pur*as] indicate 8 wants 9 ess5tially ?is way3 ,t5 feet m$ium op5 wov5 cane webb+1 ( ,no4 #a f9e cane1 #ab 94 wide4 ,a roll ( su* cane has be5 ref]r$ to 9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,cane webb+ may also be pur*as$ 9 close wov51 9 bo? ! pla9 & diagonal weaves4 ,! specifications = pur*as+ are id5tical ) ! op5 wov5 except t ! t]m close wov5 is specifi$ toge!r ) ! "* ( weave4 ,fig4 #bg %[s cane webb+ approximately half size1 9 op5 & close wov5 me%es4 ,z 9 h& can+1 any boy ) prop] incl9ation :o has _h ! necess>y exp]i5ce 9 ! %ops1 may avail himself ( ! opportunities = seat+ *airs 9 8 community4 ,! educational & pecuni>y advantages are id5tical to ^? m5tion$ 9 relation to h& can+4 ,! relative ease ) :i* he may acquire skill 9 h&l+ ! mat]ials precludes satisfactory workman%ip = prospective cu/om]s4 ,! co/ ( jobs is readily det]m9$1 = ! am\nt & co/ ( webb+ is easily asc]ta9$1 & exp]i5ce soon det]m9es ! l5g? ( "t requir$4 ,cane webb+ co/s approximately z foll[s3 ,= #ab 94 wid?s1 #ba c5ts2 #ad 94 wid?s1 #bf c5ts2 #af 94 wid?s1 #cj c5ts2 & #ah 94 wid?s1 #ch c5ts4 ,?is co/ applies to op5 wov5 & is ! *>ge p] runn+ foot4 ,close wov5 is sold by ! squ>e foot at ab\t #cj c5ts1 reg>dless ( wid?4 ,x is possible to procure special wide wid?s1 b ^! are n g5]ally f\nd on ! op5 m>ket4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,,op5 ,,& ,,close ,,wov5 ,,cane4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,,! ,,seat ,,frame ,,) ,,webb+ ,,& ,,tools4 ,= example1 a *air seat :i* requires a #ab 94 squ>e ( op5 wov5 webb+1 & :i* has ! groove made1 may be reseat$ = #ej c5ts4 ,! entire job c\ld be f9i%$ 9 ab\t half an h\r4 ,?is may be made less if sev]al *airs are to be reseat$ at a "t4 ,h[ev]1 x may be t]m$ ! m9imum *>ge consi/5t ) fair money returns4 ,!re are in/ances :5 ! seat frame requires groov+1 & inasmu* z runn+ x 9 by h& is a labori\s & t$i\s process ! work] mu/ ( necessity c>efully e/imate "t be=e he det]m9es ^u *>ge4 ,! ,process4--,! foll[+ may be t]m$ ! /eps 9 ins]t+ cane webb+4 ,no special difficulty %\ld be enc\nt]$ 9 prop]ly seat+ ! frame at ! fir/ attempt4 ,/ep #a4 ,fig4 #bh %[s a comm]cial *air seat ) groove cut by a r\t] aft] x has be5 assembl$4 ,!re are no angles on ! seat4 ,! groove is /&>d1 ) dim5sions 94 deep & 94 wide4 ,?is groove may be cut by h& ) a univ]sal plane & *isel be=e p]man5tly assembl+ ! p>ts4 ,9 fact ?is is a necess>y proc$ure 9 grade s*ools & o!r s*ools :]e special ma*9e tools are unavailable4 ,! necess>y tools = press+ 9 ! webb+ lie ne> ! frame1 ,fig4 #bh4 ,^! are a small mallet1 a *isel1 & sev]al h>d wood w$ges4 ,! w$ges are made 9 sev]al wid?s1 to enable !m to ent] ! groove at ! abrupt curves1 are #d 94 long ( 94 /ock1 tap]$ to 94 on ! faces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,,ins]t+ ,,! ,,cane ,,webb+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,,trimm+ ,,! ,,edges4 ,/ep #b4 ,! cane %\ld be boil$ 9 wat] = a m9ute or s1 or all[$ to soak = sev]al m9utes 9 w>m wat] until ?oroly pliable4 ,!n lay x on ! frame & cut x to ! %ape ( ! seat1 all[+ half an in* excess ar\nd ! entire piece4 ,a patt]n ( c>d or bri/ol bo>d w prove ( mat]ial assi/ance to ! amateur z well z ! exp]t4 ,! front l9e or edge ( ! patt]n mu/ run p>allel ) ! horizontal or v]tical /r&s ( cane4 ,pull out all weav]s at ! edges ( ! piece ( cane :]e !y run ov] & p>allel ) ! groove4 ,!n lay ! webb+ ov] ! frame1 & see t ! weav]s run p>allel ) ! front ( ! frame4 ,) w$ge & mallet z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #bi beg9 at ! front & =ce ! webb+ into ! groove4 ,ins]t on ! opposite side next1 !n ! o!r two sides 9 ord]4 ,! curves may be done la/4 ,/ep #c4 ,! edges ( ! webb+ w project up beyond ! groove4 ,^! are cut (f z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cj by means ( a mallet & *isel at ! out] edge 9 ! bottom ( ! groove4 ,run ei!r liquid or hot glue into ! groove4 ,an oil-c ) l>ge hol$ nozzle is excell5t = ?is purpose4 ,! liquid glue %\ld be heat$ if us$ 9 ?is way s x may fl[ easily4 ,?is glue is to be recomm5d$ = ! amateur 9 t no great ha/e is requir$ z 9 ! case ) hot glue4 ,a small /iff r\nd bru% w s]ve ! purpose v well 9 abs5ce ( ! oil]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,,ins]t+ ,,! ,,spl9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,,sket* ,,( ,a ,,portion ,,( ,a ,,spl9e4 ,/ep #d4 ,fig4 #ca %[s ! me?od ( ins]t+ ! spl9e4 ,spl9es may be _h ei!r ( wood or re$1 are curv$ on ! upp] edge & w$ge %ape 9 cross-section4 ,!y are /&>d 9 wid? & ?ickness & w fit a groove ( ! size indicat$ 9 ,/ep #a4 ,fig4 #cb is a freeh& sket* ( a spl9e1 %[+ p>ticul>ly its %ape 9 cross-section4 ,wood spl9es1 pref]ably ( hickory1 may be pur*as$ 9 #e ft4 l5g?s1 & re$ spl9es 9 l5g?s ( #h or #aj ft4 ,bo? hickory & re$ are recomm5d$ because ( _! pliability & ease 9 h&l+4 ,/eam or soak !m 9 hot wat] until ?oroly pliable2 !n ins]t 9 ! groove z illu/rat$4 ,note t ! jo9t is made at ! re> ( ! seat4 ,! mallet us$ is ( ra:ide & w n m> ! spl9e4 ,a wood5 mallet ( small size is a satisfactory tool4 ,cut (f ! extra l5g? ( spl9e ) ! *isel1 =ce ! spl9e d[n ne>ly flu% ) ! frame ) mallet & w$ge1 sponge (f ! excess glue f ! surface1 & all[ ! webb+ to dry4 ,/ep #e4 ,! f9i%$ seat is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cc4 ,z ! cane webb+ dries x becomes taut1 & irregul>ities ( ! surface1 if n too pron\nc$1 w disappe> entirely4 ,!re=e1 ! work] ne$ n consid] !m prim>ily4 ,light s&+ ( ! cane :5 ?oroly dry w elim9ate ! small hairlike projections on ! surface4 ,s+e+ ! surface ) a bl[ tor* or gas flame w d ! "w m effectively1 b great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to avoid burn+ ! webb+ itself4 ,! s+e+ mu/ be done rapidly & ! flame n be p]mitt$ to rema9 at "o spot m ?an an in/ant4 ,damp5 ! surface to m9imize ! dang] ( burn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,,! ,,f9i%$ ,,seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,,*air ,,) ,,can$ ,,panel4 ,! *air %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd 0 made by an eigh? grade boy4 ,! slip seat is uphol/]$1 & a panel ( cane webb+ utiliz$ on ! back4 ,9 in/ances ( ?is "* :]e ! area is rectangul>1 spl9es are cut1 mit]$1 & fitt$ previ\s to ins]t+ ! webb+4 ,! spl9es are us$ dry4 ,manufactur]s1 9 in/ances :]e ! seat area is all curv$1 g5]ally fit ! pliable spl9e1 all[ x to dry1 & !n ins]t x ) ! webb+4 ,?is assures tight jo9ts4 ,?is proc$ure is n recomm5d$ = ! ord9>y %ops = ! simple reason t ! %r9kage is n appreciable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,,frame ,,illu/rat+ ,,/eps ,,9 ,,ins]t+ ,,wov5 ,,cane4 ,! frame illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ce is purely supplem5t>y to ! /eps1 b z ) ! ,sev5 ,/eps 9 ,can+1 x %\ld be us$ 9 demon/rat+ ! processes to classes4 ,x mat]ially assi/s 9 mak+ ! processes cle> to ! /ud5ts1 previ\s to all[+ "w on _! projects1 & assures a g5]al und]/&+1 at lea/1 ( prop] proc$ure4 ,! diff]5t panels are lett]$ = conv5i5ce & ne$ no elaborate explanation3 ,a is ! op5 frame ) grooves cut = ! webb+4 ,b is ! webb+ ins]t$ ) ragg$ edges expos$1 ready = cutt+4 ,c is ! webb+ ) edges prop]ly trimm$ & a spl9e ins]t$4 ,d is ! complet$ panel4 ,ins]ts ( cane webb+ may be utiliz$ on pieces ( furniture o!r ?an seats4 ,^! ins]ts c\ld be us$ on e article illu/rat$ 9 ,*apt]s ,i & ,,ii1 ) simil> pleas+ effects1 & ) less labor4 ,h[ev]1 !re is an obvi\s elem5t 9 h& can+ :i* naturally & logically gives x prec$5ce ov] ! ins]t$ cane4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,ru% ,,seat+ ,ru% seat+1 employ+ ei!r g5u9e ru% or sub/itutes1 may be done to good advantage & ) excell5t results 9 manual tra9+ %ops4 ,no equipm5t is ne$$ to ma9ta9 su* "w4 ,! addition ( a wov5 seat to a *air or /ool con/ruct$ 9 ! %ops w necess>ily employ a new1 int]e/+ m$ium 9 conjunction ) woodwork2 & mat]ially increase ! pupils' k ( mat]ials & possible comb9ations4 ,&1 z ) can+1 ! resultant int]e/ 9 ! "w at h& m ?an ju/ifies its introduction 9 manual tra9+ %ops4 ,ru% seat+ employs a v simple weave4 ,diff]5t mat]ials employ$ 9 weav+ naturally require diff]5t degrees ( skill1 & ! difficulties enc\nt]$ are ^? result+ f h&l+ mat]ials & n because ( ! complexity ( ! weave4 ,"o may v readily und]take ! ru%+ ( ord9>y seat frames aft] a /udy ( pr9t$ directions & illu/rations4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood at ! outset t1 9 discuss+ ru% seat+1 mat]ials o!r ?an g5u9e ru% are includ$ 9 ! t]m4 ,hi/orical4--,9 ! ,briti% ,museum 9 ,london is a seat ( curi\s %ape ( ,egyptian manufacture1 :i*1 x is e/imat$1 0 made previ\s to #djjj ,b4,c4 ,a small am\nt ( ru% /ill cl+s to ! seat frame4 ,! relative date ( ! con/ruction & weav+ ( ! *air seat w\ld indicate t ru% seat+ is by no means a mod]n art1 al?o at pres5t ru% is ext5sively employ$ 9 furniture4 ,! use ( ru% 9 ,engl& dates no e>li] ?an #agbj4 ,sev]al types ( *airs 7 made !re betwe5 t date & #ahgj4 ,9 ,france ru% 0 us$ ext5sively 9 ! seat+ ( furniture ( ,norm&y & ,brittany ab\t #agej4 ,fl&]s produc$ ru% seat$ *airs at an e>ly date1 & _m 7 con/ruct$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 e>ly colonial days1 prior to #aggf1 z well z lat]4 ,su* *airs 7 und\bt$ly patt]n$ aft] ^? br\ght ov] f ,holl&1 ,france1 & ,engl& to ! e>ly settlem5ts 9 ,am]ica bo? be=e & aft] ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,,adaptation ,,( ,,ladd] ,,back ,,*air4 ,9 e>ly times ru% always s]v$ a function 9 ! seats ( *airs & /ools1 & 0 v seldom if ev] us$ on ! bett] class ( furniture4 ,! use ( cane or ru% on furniture = decorative purposes only is di/9ctly a mod]n idea4 ,utility r ?an beauty prompt$ ! introduction ( seats ( ru%4 ,mod]n furniture ( excell5t design & workman%ip employs ru% seats4 ,^! are ei!r wov5 ov] a sep>ate frame & ins]t$ or are an integral "p ( ! *air1 be+ wov5 ov] ! seat rails ( ! *air itself4 ,fig4 #cf %[s a mod]n adaptation ( a ladd] back *air ) ru% seat4 ,! ru% on ?is *air is wov5 ov] ! rails4 ,fig4 #cg %[s a flat view ( ! seat4 ,ru%4--,ru% is ! "n appli$ to _m fi/ul>1 /emlike plants ( simil> or l gr[?4 ,prop]ly1 ru% belongs to ! s$ge family4 ,! diff]5t species v>y greatly 9 appe>ance2 "s are l[ & sl5d]1 "s are tall & leafless1 & "s are broad leav$4 ,!y are f\nd 9 wet places ?ru\t ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 along banks ( sluggi% /reams1 & 9 l[l&s & m>%es4 ,! great bulru% is common & famili>1 :ile ! *air-mak]'s ru% is n z well kn[n4 ,! plants mo/ commonly kn[n z ru% are call$ by ! names ( flag & cattail4 ,9 fact1 flag & cattail are v g5]ally us$ = ru% seat+4 ,! te*nical names ( ! diff]5t species ( ru% are n p]t95t or desirable "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,,seat ,,( ,,ladd] ,,back ,,*air4 ,o!r ,mat]ials4--,mat]ials o!r ?an ru% may be us$ = ru% seat+1 z has be5 /at$4 ,ru% is r h>d to manage 9 t no appreciable l5g? may be h&l$ because ( ! %ortness ( ! leaf4 ,twi/+ is necess>y4 ,fib]1 or simil> mat]ials1 is to be recomm5d$ = %op use because a great l5g? is procurable1 & ! twi/ is made4 ,x is made ( ma*9e-twi/$ pap]1 & comes 9 long indef9ite l5g?s4 ,x is t\gh1 /rong1 & s]viceable1 & procurable 9 spools ( ab\t "o hundr$ p\nds ea*4 ,fig4 #ch %[s su* a spool toge!r ) a bundle ( ru%4 ,x is manufactur$ ) or )\t a flexible wire c5t] & co/s f #aj to #ae c5ts a p\nd4 ,x may be _h 9 sev]al colors & sizes4 ,raffia is well kn[n ?ru its g5]al use 9 basketry & alli$ "w4 ,9 ru% seat+ x has no conspicu\s place1 al?o x may be utiliz$ to great advantage4 ,raffia is ! leaf ( a c]ta9 palm1 cut 9 n>r[ wid?s & v>y+ 9 l5g? f #b to #e feet4 ,x is b\ght 9 hanks by ! p\nd1 blea*$ or unblea*$1 & 9 colors4 ,! natural unblea*$ raffia co/s ab\t #be c5ts p] p\nd2 color$ ab\t #ge c5ts4 ,! hanks %\ld n be unti$1 b z /r&s are ne$$ !y %\ld be pull$ out f ! head end ( ! hank4 ,if improp]ly h&l$1 raffia w become badly tangl$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,,spool ,,( ,,fib] ,,& ,,bundle ,,( ,,ru%4 ,corn husks1 tak5 f close to ! e>1 may be us$1 p>ticul>ly = seat+ *airs ( toy furniture4 ,! husks ne> ! e> are n z co>se & brittle z ^? outside4 ,! %ortness ( ! husks precludes _! g5]al use1 al?o !y produce an excell5t seat :5 prop]ly wov54 ,! mat]ials m5tion$ by no means exhau/ ! li/ ( available m$iums = ru% seat+1 b w give consid]able & suffici5t v>iety = %opwork4 ,z ! weav] comes to appreciate ! limits & advantages ( ! v>i\s m$iums = c]ta9 grade "w1 he may utilize local plants & grasses suitable = su* "w4 ,prep>ation ( ,mat]ials4--,ru%--& 9 ! t]m are includ$ cattail & flag--is common to almo/ any locality 9 our nor!rn /ates4 ,x %\ld be ga!r$ :5 full gr[n & /ill gre54 ,x is ready = cutt+ :5 ! tips ( ! leaves beg9 to turn br[n4 ,?is is usually ab\t ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,! leaves are ti$ 9 loose bundles = conv5i5ce 9 h&l+1 & dri$ 9 ! %ade1 pref]ably a d>k5$ room4 ,!y %\ld rema9 "h until ?oroly dry4 ,be=e us+1 soak ! ru% ab\t t5 h\rs 9 wat]4 ,less "t is requir$ if w>m wat] is us$4 ,:5 x is s(t & pliable x is ready = weav+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,,isometric ,,draw+ ,,( ,,frame ,,= ,,ru% ,,seat+4 ,be=e weav+1 ! butt ends ( ! leaves are cut (f ab\t a foot f ! base4 ,^! are too co>se & /iff to weave prop]ly4 ,"o leaf may be us$ or two leaves may be twi/$ toge!r to make a /r&4 ,?ree leaves make a co>se /r&1 two a m$ium1 & "o a f9e /r&4 ,a long1 tight twi/ is necess>y to produce an ev51 smoo? /r&4 ,! twi/+ is always done 9 "o direction4 ,"o leaf is recomm5d$ = beg9n]s 9 ru% seat+1 = add+ to "o is mu* simpl] ?an add+ to sev]al4 ,! "u side ( ! seat ne$ n be z smoo? & z well wov5 z ! top4 ,9 fact1 twi/+ ne$ n be done und]nea? at all unless ! individual work] s desires4 ,raffia is easy to manipulate because ( its pliability1 ev5 :5 dry4 ,sev]al l5g?s w ne$ to be twi/$ toge!r to produce a /r& ( suffici5t size4 ,x requires little soak+ to make x ready = use4 ,raffia produces an ev51 smoo? surface ( pleas+ appe>ance1 & is v desirable 9 a seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,weav+ ,,! ,,fir/ ,,/r&4 ,fib] may be wov5 z x comes f ! spool4 ,h[ev]1 x is bett] to damp5 x by plung+ a quantity 9 wat] & remov+ at once4 ,:5 x dries aft] weav+1 a slight %r9kage results1 !reby mak+ a taut] seat ?an c\ld be wov5 ) dry /r&s4 ,inasmu* z ! fib] is pap]1 x _c be soak$ 9 wat]4 ,! ,weav+ ,process4--,) ! frame ready & ru% 9 prop] condition ! weav+ may be />t$4 ,fig4 #ci %[s an isometric draw+ on :i* corn]s are lett]$ & ! rails numb]$ 9 ord]4 ,fig4 #dj %[s ano!r draw+ on :i* ! corn]s & rails are simil>ly lett]$ & numb]$1 %[+ graphically ! me?od ( weav+ ! fir/ /r&4 ,! arr[s indicate ! direction ( weave4 ,! op]ation is practically complete once ar\nd ! frame4 ,ref]5ce may be made to ei!r draw+ 9 ! foll[+ detail$ directions = weav+4 ,/>t arbitr>ily at any corn]--9 ?is case1 ,a4 ,a /r& ( ru% tightly twi/$ is laid ov] rail #a next to ! cap ) its %ort end turn$ d[n4 ,! beg9n] may f9d x advantage\s to tack ! end 9 place4 ,draw ! /r& ov] ! edge & bottom ( rail #a & up at ! inn] corn]1 !n ov] ! top & edge ( rail #b4 ,?is b9ds ! loose end 9 place if x has n be5 previ\sly tack$4 ,pull ! /r& directly across ! frame op5+ to ! top ( rail #c at corn] ,b4 ,draw x ov] ! edge ( ! same rail & "u1 !n up at ! inn] corn] & ov] ! top & edge ( rail #a4 ,pull directly across ! frame op5+ to ! top ( rail #d at corn] ,c4 ,! op]ations at corn]s ,c & ,d are id5tical to ^? at ,a & ,b1 & ^! repeat !mselves indef9itely at ea* corn]1 or until ! seat is complet$4 ,?is applies to squ>e seats only4 ,! end ( ! la/ /r& may be secur$ ) a tack "u ! prop] rail1 or twi/$ ar\nd a /r& und]nea? ! seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,,/ick ,,= ,,/uff+ ,,int]ior ,,( ,,seats4 ,! /r& is twi/$ z ! weav+ progresses4 ,?is may be done ) ! palm ( ! h& & ?igh1 9 mu* ! same mann] z a %oemak] waxes 8 ?read4 ,if "o leaf ( ru% is us$ to make ! /r&1 new leaves are add$ by ty+ ! two ends 9 a squ>e knot at a corn]1 or :]ev] su* jo9+ w n %[ on ! f9i%$ seat4 ,:5 m ?an "o piece ( ru% is us$ = a /r& ! pieces %\ld be ( unev5 l5g?s initially4 ,"o leaf or piece at a "t is !n add$4 ,! upp] or top end ( ! leaf is us$ to beg9 ! seat+ & ea* leaf add$ is atta*$ at its top end4 ,"s exp]t ru% seat]s d n tie knots 9 mak+ /r&s1 b add leaves by twi/+ ! end ( ! prec$+ leaf ab\t ! add$ "o1 l ! color on a b>b] pole1 z "o old ru% weav] rem>k$4 ,add+ by twi/+ only is difficult1 & requires great pati5ce & dextr\s h&l+ ( ! mat]ial4 ,9 fact ru% %\ld be us$ by ! m skilful boys only4 ,o!rs may use ! excell5t sub/itute1 fib]4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to keep ! /r&s f ov]lapp+ improp]ly at ! corn]s4 ,! /r&s %\ld fit snugly :]e !y g ov] ! rails4 ,to assure ?is1 tap !m %>ply ) a mallet us$ ov] a block ( s(t wood4 ,?is may be done at frequ5t int]vals or :5 sev]al /r&s h be5 wov5 ov] ea* rail4 ,uni=m t5sion on ! /r& is desirable & ?is %\ld be tight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,fill+ ,,9 ,,c5t]4 ,z ! "w progresses ! int]ior betwe5 ! upp] & l[] r[s ( /r&s is /uff$4 ,?is is done ) ! same mat]ial z t us$ 9 ! weav+4 ,! butt ends ( ru% are us$ to /uff ! seat ( ru%2 raffia is us$ to /uff a raffia seat2 craft pap] to /uff a fib] seat2 & s on4 ,! pack+ %\ld be done 9 a ?oro mann]1 = x builds up ! seat & prev5ts its break+ d[n at ! inn] edges ( ! rails1 & sagg+ ) cont9u$ use4 ,a slightly curv$ h>dwood /ick ab\t #ab 94 long may be us$ to advantage to d ?is "w4 ,fig4 #da %[s a sket* ( su* a /ick4 ,x is 94 9 diamet] at "o end & tap]$ to 94 by 94 at ! o!r4 ,consid]able =ce ne$s to be ex]t$ 9 pack+1 & caution us$ to avoid break+ /r&s4 ,rectangul> ,seats4--,z /at$1 9 weav+ a squ>e seat ! initial process is repeat$ at all corn]s until all op5+s are fill$4 ,9 rectangul> seats ! spaces on ! %ort rails w fill be=e ^? on ! long rails4 ,weav+ ar\nd corn]s is !n manife/ly impossible4 ,fig4 #db %[s a p>tly wov5 seat ) ! %ort rails fill$1 & ! process ( fill+ up ! rema9+ area "u way4 ,! me?od is ?is3 ,g ov] & "u a long rail1 across half ! frame op5+ & up ?ru1 !n across ! rema9+ di/ance1 & ov] & "u ! o!r long rail4 ,repeat until ! seat is complet$4 ,fig4 #dc is a sket* ( a p>tly wov5 seat1 illu/rat+ ! me?od ( fill+ 9 ! c5t] j describ$4 ,x supplem5ts ! photograph & makes ! me?od cle>]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,fill+ ,,9 ,,c5t]4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! /r&s 9 cross+ at ! c5t] mu/ be compress$ "o-half ( _! diamet]s4 ,!y w ne$ to be tapp$ %>ply ) a small mallet or hamm] to produce prop] cr[d+4 ,fig4 #dd %[s a /ool seat ( fib] wov5 by an eigh? grade boy4 ,fig4 #de %[s ! complete /ool4 ,! seat is wov5 ov] a sep>ate frame & ins]t$4 ,fig4 #df is a *ild's *air ( oak1 ) a seat ( fib] wov5 ov] ! rails ( ! *air4 ,irregul> ,seats4--,! usual or /&>d %ape ( *air seat is l ! "o illu/rat$ 9 ! draw+1 ,fig4 #dg4 ,! front rail is long] ?an ! back1 & ! side rails are equal 9 l5g?4 ,seats ( ?is %ape are r difficult to weave because special treatm5t is necess>y to fill up portions ( c]ta9 rails4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,,complet$ ,,top ,,( ,,fib]4 ,) ref]5ce made to ! draw+1 ! me?od employ$ 9 locat+ l9es = ru%+1 & = ru%+ su* a seat is ?is3 ,) ! beam ( a squ>e laid aga9/ rail #d ) its corn] aga9/ ! cap at corn] ,a1 scribe a p5cil l9e across rail #b4 ,simil>ly1 m>k ! same rail us+ ! squ>e aga9/ rail #d at corn] ,d4 ,/at$ 9 o!r words1 ^! l9es may be obta9$ by det]m9+ ! diff]5ce 9 l5g? betwe5 ! front & back rails1 & lay+ (f "o-half ?is diff]5ce f ea* corn] on ! front rail4 ,?is di/ance is indicat$ by ! brackets 9 ! draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 ,,complet$ ,,ru% ,,seat$ ,,/ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,,*ild',s ,,*air ,,) ,,fib] ,,seat4 ,n[ tie ) a /r+ z _m /r&s ( ru% z w be ne$$ to fill 9 ?is diff]5ce betwe5 front & back rails4 ,fa/5 !m und]nea? ! rail at corn] ,a4 ,!n use "o /r&1 twi/$1 & weave ar\nd corn]s ,b & ,c & fa/5 "u ! rail at corn] ,d4 ,! weav+ is id5tical to t describ$ 9 squ>e seats4 ,weave 9 ea* /r& 9 ! bundle at ! same corn]s & tie "u ! rail at corn] ,d2 or until ! spaces m>k$ (f on ! front rail are fill$4 ,x may be necess>y to add to or to remove /r&s f ! bundle if calculations z to numb] ( /r&s necess>y 7 inaccurate4 ,tie all loose ends toge!r at corn] ,d1 fa/5 securely & cut (f all extra l5g?s4 ,/>t n[ z 9 beg9n+ a weave on a squ>e seat1 weav+ ar\nd all corn]s 9 ! regul> way4 ,! fir/ /r& ar\nd w effectively b9d ! bundles ( ends at corn]s ,a & ,d4 ,sugge/ions4--,9 us+ pap] fib] or simil> mat]ials :i* come 9 long l5g?s1 a /r& #bj or #be ft4 9 l5g? may be us$ at "o "t 9 weav+4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 h&l+ x %\ld be =m$ 9 a loop & held toge!r ) a /rong rubb] b&4 ,! /r& may be unloop$ a little at a "t z ! weav+ progresses4 ,9 us+ ru%1 raffia1 & l mat]ials1 ! /r& is made z ! weav] works1 s at no "t is !re a /r& exce$+ #e ft4 or s 9 l5g? to h&le4 ,no special exp$i5t is !re=e ne$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,/>t+ ,,weave ,,on ,,seat ,,( ,,irregul> ,,%ape4 ,raffia1 fib]1 etc41 may be pur*as$ f supply h\ses & 9 _m cases direct f ! manufactur]s4 ,ru% may be ga!r$ 9 _m communities by an en]getic in/ructor & pupils1 & prop]ly cur$4 ,9 fact1 ga!r+ ! raw mat]ial & prep>+ x = use is desirable 9 _m ways1 & is to be enc\rag$4 ,ord9>ily ru% may be obta9$ f manufactur]s ( ru% seats4 ,x co/s #ae c5ts p] p\nd1 dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,,work+ ,,draw+ ,,( ,a ,,/ool ,,= ,,ru%+4 ,fig4 #dh is a work+ draw+ ( a /ool or seat4 ,! con/ruct$ problem w\ld appe> v simil> to ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #de4 ,! seat frame is fa/5$ to ! base ) conceal$ screws4 ,! upp] caps are tempor>ily fa/5$ until ! weav+ is complet$1 :5 !y are remov$ & ! frame fa/5$ to ! base z indicat$4 ,! caps are !n replac$ p]man5tly4 ,g5]ally speak+1 = initial "w 9 ru% seat+ x is advisable to weave ov] a sep>ate frame4 ,su* a frame is conv5i5tly h&l$1 & bett] "w w result4 ,f9i%4--,"s ag5t to pres]ve a ru% seat is necess>y4 ,ru% %\ld be coat$ ) equal p>ts ( oil & turp5t9e1 foll[$ by two coats ( t\gh1 ela/ic v>ni%4 ,! necess>y "t %\ld elapse betwe5 coats4 ,"s manufactur]s d n use oil1 & apply v>ni% only4 ,raffia & husk seats %\ld be treat$ z ru%4 ,fib] is v>ni%$ only4 ,a brittle v>ni% is to be avoid$1 = x w *ip (f ) a little use1 & a seat is subject to h>d we>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sugge/ive ,,projects4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,re$ ,,& ,,spl9t ,,weav+ ,re$s :i* are us$ ext5sively = basket-mak+ & weav+ 9 g5]al are procur$ f ! species ( palm describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,^! re$s %\ld n be confus$ ) ! t]m re$ appli$ to sev]al di/9ct species ( l>ge wat] lov+ grasses4 ,su* re$s are usually designat$ "u ! "n ( grasses4 ,!re are a ?\s& species ( palm di/ribut$ ov] ! tropical regions ( ! entire _w1 b only a few are native 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ^! are ( no di/9ct comm]cial value4 ,! rattan or cane palms ( ,india & ! ,malay ,isl&s gr[ to an unusual height1 & are import$ into ?is c\ntry 9 great quantities4 ,^! rattans & ! trail+ palm ( ! species ,calamus h z ma9 export c5t]s ,s+apore & ,calcutta4 ,^! palms are /ripp$ ( leaves & b>k & split into r\nd & flat /rips ( diff]5t diamet]s & wid?s4 ,! out] b>k1 :5 /ripp$ into prop] sizes1 is kn[n z *air cane2 ! entire palm1 ) leaves remov$1 is comm]cially kn[n z rattan2 & ! flat re$s are frequ5tly sold z flat rattan & pi? cane4 ,inasmu* z ^! flat & r\nd /rips1 split f ! palm plant & export$ "u ! "n ( rattan are call$ re$s1 we %all ref] to !m "u t "n 9 all discussions to foll[4 ,!re are two qualities ( re$ on ! m>ket sold "u ! names ( ,*9a re$ & ,g]man re$4 ,! =m] is inf]ior 9 quality & ! latt] is sup]ior1 be+ /rong1 t\gh & durable4 ,! ,philipp9e ,isl&s give promise ( produc+ a lib]al supply ( re$ ( good quality t is claim$ to equal ! ,g]man product4 ,! problem1 h[ev]1 is "o ( ga!r+ & m>ket+ ! product4 ,! gov]nm5t has made a p>tial survey ( ! rattan supply1 & ?is ju/ifies ! belief t ! ,isl&s w ev5tually compete ) ! _w m>ket4 ,primitive ,me?ods4--,briefly ! primitive process ( conv]t+ ! rattan1 or raw mat]ial1 into cane & re$s1 or ! f9i%$ product1 is ?is3 ,! rattan /ems are ?oroly dri$ or season$1 & ! nodules are p>$ (f ) a peculi> native knife4 ,!n ! rattan is sort$ into sizes & selection made z to grade4 ,! sort+ is bas$ ^u ext]nal color & diamet] ( ! rattan4 ,! rattan is !n imm]s$ 9 wat]1 & ! /em is rubb$ vigor\sly ) s& & cocoanut husks to remove dirt & =eign sub/ances4 ,x is !n blea*$ by means ( sulphur fumes1 ei!r 9 ! /em or aft] ! peel & core h be5 prep>$4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ ! peel & core is ?is3 ,! peel1 or out] cov]+1 is remov$ ) a heavy knife2 x is !n /ripp$ to select$ ?icknesses & wid?s by draw+ x by h& ?ru two knives set at requir$ di/ances ap>t4 ,?is peel is comm]cially call$ cane4 ,! core is !n /ripp$ into z _m /r&s z necess>y1 dep5d+ ^u ! diamet] ( ! cores requir$4 ,^! are r\nd$ by draw+ !m ?ru a %eet ( t9 or iron p]=at$ ) holes ( diff]5t diamet]s4 ,! r\nd$ cores are call$ re$s4 ,consid]able rattan is /ill conv]t$ into ! f9i%$ products by h& processes ?ru ^! labori\s /ages4 ,ma*9es h be5 p]fect$ :i* d practically ! entire "w4 ,p>ticul>ly h ! ,g]mans br\ght ?is indu/ry to a p]fect$ /ate4 ,/ill 9 v>i\s sections ( ,india1 ,*9a1 & ! ,philipp9es h& work+ ( rattan is a ?riv+ indu/ry2 an indu/ry seem+ly peculi>ly adapt$ to ! natives4 ,! ,philipp9e me?od ( prep>+ ! raw mat]ial v>ies some:at f ! ,*9ese me?od 9 t ! natives d n blea* ! rattan4 ,re$ may be procur$ 9 l>ge or small hanks1 9 coils & 9 bundles1 ) ! co/ det]m9$ by weight4 ,s*ools g5]ally w f9d x advantage\s to buy x 9 small hanks1 because ( ease 9 h&l+ & = economic reasons4 ,r\nd re$s are %[n ?ree-f\r?s size 9 ,fig4 #di1 f ,no4 #j to & includ+ ,no4 #g1 also w9d+1 half-r\nd & flat re$s4 ,w9d+ re$ is ?9 & slightly r\nd$ on "o surface4 ,half-r\nd is z its "n implies4 ,flat re$ may be obta9$ 9 sev]al wid?s f 94 to 941 & if ( good quality1 "o surface w %[ a decid$ bevel on ! edges & appe> mu* smoo!r ?an ! o!r4 ,?us ! "r side is det]m9$4 ,!re are _m m sizes on ! m>ket ?an are indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #di1 b ^? %[n %\ld supply adequate1 if n lib]al v>iety = ! ord9>y s*ool %op4 ,! co/ ( re$ _c be giv5 ) any degree ( accuracy at pres5t4 ,! price is det]m9$ by ! quantity b\ght1 & by ! quality & size4 ,"u normal comm]cial conditions r\nd re$s w co/ f #cj c5ts to #a p] p\nd = ,nos4 #a to #h1 & flat re$ ab\t #be c5ts p] p\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,,specim5s ,,( ,,re$s1 ,,?ree-,,f\r?s ,,( ,,actual ,,size4 ,blea*+4--,re$ is procurable ei!r blea*$ or unblea*$4 ,ord9>ily x is bett] to buy ! blea*$ product4 ,h[ev]1 if ! work] desires to blea* ! re$1 ! me?od = small quantities is z foll[s3 ,9 a tub two-?irds full ( wat] dissolve t5 p\nds ( *loride ( lime4 ,imm]se ! re$ 9 ?is solution1 weight+ x d[n to insure cov]+ x all1 & let x /& ab\t #d h\rs4 ,remove x f ! tub & wa% ?oroly 9 runn+ wat]4 ,! be/ way to d ?is is to lay ! re$ on an incl9$ surface & turn a =ceful /ream ( wat] ^u x4 ,*loride ( lime has a bad effect ^u ! h&s 9 t x makes !m sore & t5d]1 s c>e mu/ be tak5 to prop]ly r9se ! re$4 ,a little tall[ rubb$ ov] ! h&s w mat]ially (fset ! t5d5cy to t5d]ness1 & g5]ally keep !m 9 good condition4 ,/a9+4--,blea*$ re$ takes /a9 mu* m readily & ev5ly ?an does ! natural or unblea*$4 ,x may be /a9$ any color ) prep>$ /a9s1 b ord9>ily ^! leave ! re$ muddy 9 appe>ance due prim>ily to ! difficulty 9 bru%+ 9 or wip+ (f ! /a9 9 ! recesses :i* weav+ leaves4 ,p]haps ! be/ ag5t = color+ re$1 & at lea/ a v desirable "o1 especially aft] x has be5 wov51 is nap?a4 ,! prep>ation ( ! /a9 & ! process ( color+ is z foll[s3 ,obta9 ! necess>y am\nt & v>iety ( colors gr\nd 9 oil2 mix ! requir$ colors ) a little nap?a2 !n to det]m9e ! %ade ( color te/ ) a re$4 ,re$ absorbs a giv5 am\nt ( color1 !re=e ! %ade w prove out practically ! same :5 te/$ ) a small quantity ( nap?a1 z :5 tri$ out ) a great] am\nt4 ,add ! requir$ am\nt ( nap?a to ! solution1 avoid+ ?9n+ too mu*2 o!rwise ! color produc$ w be sickly 9 appe>ance4 ,five p\nds ( color to ab\t #c gallons ( nap?a w prove ab\t ! "r ratio4 ,= in/ance1 to obta9 a ri* nut br[n mix #a p\nd ( *rome yell[ & #e p\nds ( burnt umb] ) a small am\nt ( nap?a4 ,/ir until ! colors are liquid1 !n gradually add #d gallons or s ( nap?a1 & /ir well4 ,! int5sity ( ! br[n may be v>i$ by us+ m or less *rome yell[4 ,coil$ hanks ( re$ may be imm]s$ 9 ! solution1 imm$iately )drawn & hung to dra9 dry above ! receptacle1 ?us p]mitt+ surplus /a9 to dra9 back into x4 ,! /a9 may be us$ repeat$ly1 & z x is v volatile x %\ld be kept 9 a tightly cork$ r$ c :5 n 9 use4 ,x is also highly inflammable1 & %\ld be us$ 9 a room 9 :i* !re is free circulation ( air4 ,if colors h be5 mix$ prop]ly & ?9n$ to ! "r consi/5cy1 ! re$ w dry rapidly & ! color w be %>p & cle>1 free f muddy effects4 ,a wov5 article su* z a basket or wov5 top foot/ool may be dipp$1 or ! color p\r$ ov] & all[$ to drip dry4 ,9 "s in/ances x is good policy to wipe surplus /a9 (f lightly4 ,!n1 9 ! case ( ! foot/ool or simil> project1 if ! work] s desires he may /a9 ! wood a d>k] %ade ?an ! top ) a prep>$ /a94 ,re$ is v effective )\t /a92 _m ( ! /ools %[n h]e) are left natural4 ,re$ may be %ellack$ or v>ni%$4 ,because ( its porosity x soils v easily unless "s f9i%+ ag5t is us$1 & a good grade ( ela/ic v>ni% is recomm5d$ z a f9i%1 especially :5 ! wov5 article is subject to sev]e use4 ,o!r ,mat]ials4--,re$ is n ! only good m$ium adapt$ to weav+1 ei!r 9 correlation ) wood or :5 us$ alone4 ,on ! /ools illu/rat$ sev]al o!r mat]ials h be5 us$1 z inn] hickory b>k & ,indian spl9ts & fib]4 ,b9d+ cane1 rope1 & ev5 will[ may be utiliz$ ) success4 ,pap] fib] 0 discuss$ 9 detail 9 ,*apt] ,v & ne$s no elaboration4 ,fig4 #fj %[s a /ool p>tly wov5 ) ?is s]viceable mat]ial4 ,suffici5t to say t ?is fib] adapts itself admirably to almo/ all "w :]e re$ is commonly employ$1 & 9 _m in/ances is1 comm]cially1 supplant+ re$4 ,inn] hickory b>k may be obta9$ ( manufactur]s ( ru/ic furniture ei!r directly or indirectly4 ,!y may be obta9$ fir/ h& if hickory trees gr[ 9 ! locality1 ?us enhanc+ ! educational value ( weav+4 ,9 ! spr+ or e>ly summ] :5 ! sap is up & ! b>k slips easily1 a hickory tree may be cut d[n1 & ! r\gh out] b>k %av$ ) a draw knife f ! top ( ! log ! full l5g? ( ! trunk1 leav+ a surface f #h 94 to #aj 94 wide4 ,) a heavy knife split ! inn] b>k on ei!r side ( ! %av$ /rip2 !n beg9n+ at "o end peel back ! inn] b>k ! full l5g? ( ! log4 ,?is process may be repeat$ until ! log is /ripp$4 ,! ?ickness ( ! inn] b>k dep5ds ^u ! size ( ! tree & ! species4 ,manufactur]s ( hickory furniture claim t ! pignut possesses a ?ick] b>k ?an any o!r species1 ! b>k runn+ f 94 to 94 9 ?ickness1 & !y accord+ly use ?is tree 9 pref]5ce to o!rs :5 available4 ,! rolls ( ?ick inn] b>k are all[$ to dry = sev]al weeks4 ,!n !y are plac$ 9 wat]1 to rema9 until pliable4 ,!y are !n split into /rips ( prop] ?ickness & wid?4 ,factories use a v simple motor driv5 ma*9e = mak+ ! /rips1 & any manual tra9+ %op c devise "s s*eme = accompli%+ ?is "w4 ,^! /rips cut 9 indef9ite l5g?s mu/ be made pliant by a ?oro soak+ j previ\s to use4 ,9 weav+ !y %\ld be press$ close toge!r ) ! f+]s or ) ! aid ( a hamm]1 z !re is an appreciable %r9kage especially 9 _! wid? ^u dry+4 ,su* /rips are us$ ma9ly by build]s ( ru/ic outdoor & por* furniture = ! weav+ ( ! backs1 arms & seats ( *airs1 & h at pres5t no g5]al use 9 s*ool %ops4 ,_! use "h %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,if b\ght ( ! manufactur] ^! /rips co/ #dj c5ts p] p\nd1 dry4 ,!y are put up 9 coils1 & are 94 wide & 94 ?ick4 ,!y may be /ripp$ into n>r[] wid?s by means ( a h& /ripp]1 soon to be describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,h& ,,/ripp] ,,& ,,gage4 ,indian spl9ts ( a% & hickory may be obta9$ f deal]s 9 ! raw products4 ,^! /rips are cut f ! wood ( ! tree 9 long %av+s 9 a mann] simil> to obta9+ ! inn] hickory b>k1 & /ripp$ into desir$ wid?s & ?icknesses4 ,"o k9d ( a% spl9t is made 9 ?ree weights or ?icknesses1 f9e1 m$ium & heavy1 & 9 /rips #a 94 wide4 ,x is sold 9 coils ( #bjj ft4 ea* at #h4jj = #d1jjj ft4 ,! /rips are a numb] ( feet 9 l5g?4 ,hickory spl9ts are sold 9 coils ( a doz5 /r&s ea*4 ,^! /r&s are #h ft4 to #aj ft4 long by 94 wide1 & slightly less ?an 94 ?ick4 ,a coil weighs ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( a p\nd & co/s #e c5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,,work+ ,,draw+ ,,( ,,h& ,,/ripp] ,,& ,,gage4 ,! a% spl9ts p>ticul>ly1 ne$ to be re/ripp$ to wid?s ne$$ by ! work]4 ,= ord9>y purposes ! hickory /rips are "r = seat+ purposes4 ,! /ripp+ is done by means ( a comb9ation h& /ripp] & gage %[n 9 ,fig4 #ej4 ,a work+ draw+ ( x is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ea4 ,x is made ( maple pref]ably4 ,! cutt]s are ( a wat* spr+1 po9t$ & %>p5$ z indicat$4 ,! end piece is removable to p]mit *anges ( ! cutt]s4 ,to use1 m]ely hold ! spl9t flat betwe5 ! "r h& & /ripp]1 press ! /r& d[n on ! cutt] & pull x across ! cutt]s ) ! left h&4 ,two p]sons may d ! op]ation m readily & spe$ily ?an "o4 ,x is a good policy to make sev]al ( ^! devices ) cutt]s at diff]5t di/ances ap>t s spl9ts ( v>i\s wid?s may be cut )\t resort to a *ange ( cutt]s4 ,spl9ts ne$ to be soak$ 9 wat] = a numb] ( m9utes be=e us+4 ,!y w be f\nd to be some:at less pliable ?an inn] hickory b>k1 & diff]5t 9 color1 v>y+ f almo/ :ite to a light br[n4 ,inn] b>k is a nut br[n 9 color4 ,! spl9ts /a9 well1 & may be dipp$ 9 id5tically ! same mann] z re$s4 ,inn] b>k ne$s no /a92 9 fact is m pleas+ if left natural4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,,rolls ,,( ,,spl9ts1 ,,inn] ,,b>k1 ,,& ,,re$4 ,a% spl9ts are ext5sively ga!r$ & prep>$ by ! ,indians 9 c]ta9 sections ( ,canada & ! nor!rn /ates4 ,!re !y are wov5 into baskets ( intricate design & beautiful colors1 usually 9 comb9ation ) o!r mat]ials1 z sweet grass4 ,spl9ts may be us$ = almo/ e purpose = :i* flat re$ is utiliz$1 & 9 num]\s cases is sup]ior & pref]able to re$4 ,9 ,fig4 #eb is %[n 9 ord]1 two rolls ( hickory spl9ts1 a bundle ( inn] hickory b>k /rips1 & a small hank ( flat re$4 ,^! are 9 ! orig9al bundles z !y come f ! deal]s4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,seats ,,( ,,re$s ,,& ,,spl9ts ,! discussion ( ! weav+ processes to foll[ is conf9$1 9 ! ma91 to /ools or seats4 ,fig4 #ec %[s sev]al /ools diff]5t 9 design bo? 9 wood con/ruction & 9 weav+4 ,9 two in/ances x w be not$ t weav+ is done ov] a sep>ate frame1 "o be+ ins]t$ betwe5 ! rails1 ! o!r fa/5$ on top1 leav+ a little projection4 ,ref]5ce is made to sev]al possible weav+ designs & ! use ( v>i\s m$iums & comb9ations4 ,! possible comb9ations ( mat]ials are m]ely sugge/ive ( possible o!r ones1 & ! individual work] w f9d t _m designs ( v>y+ complexity may be work$ out4 ,an excell5t me?od = work+ out possible designs is t ( us+ black & :ite pap] /rips 94 9 wid?4 ,! design w %[ up v cle>ly because ( ! contra/ ( ! black & :ite4 ,exp]im5t+ ) ! weave on ! seat itself is r t$i\s & unsatisfactory4 ,! pap] /rips are an excell5t means to an end4 ,! /ool top illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ed employs a simple ov]-&-"u weave1 utiliz+ flat re$4 ,! work] ne$s to decide at ! outset on ! "* ( weave to be us$ unless x be ( unusual design4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! weav] runs ov] ?ree & "u ?ree /r&s1 & ! wrapp+ done 9 a s]ies ( ?ree4 ,to beg9 ! op]ation tack an end ( flat re$ "u a %ort rail at a corn]1 !n br+ ! /r& out & ov] ! rail1 across ! frame op5+ to ! opposite rail1 "u ?is rail1 across und]nea? ! frame op5+ to ! bottom ( ! fir/ rail4 ,?is completes ! process once ar\nd4 ,repeat ?ree times2 !n wrap ! /r& ar\nd ! two rails1 )\t runn+ x across ! top4 ,?us e f\r? /r& across ! top is omitt$4 ,x is n necess>y to cut ! /r&2 ! wrapp+ is cont9u\s4 ,repeat ^! s]ies ( ?ree /r&s until opposite %ort rails are entirely wrapp$4 ,:5 a /r& runs out tack ! end ) ! beg9n+ ( a new "o und]nea? a rail4 ,use a "o ounce flat head wire tack = ?is purpose if available1 o!rwise a "o ounce cut tack w d4 ,! weav+ prop] n[ beg9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,,wov5 ,,top ,,/ools4 ,tack a /r& und]nea? a long rail at a corn]1 !n weave ov] ?ree /r&s & "u ?ree4 ,repeat 9 ! same mann] ?ree times1 !n weave ov] ! s]ies :i* 7 wov5 "u be=e & repeat alt]nately until ! top is entirely wov54 ,9 weav+ ! top ( ?is /ool "o /r& is wov5 9 ! la/ s]ies ( ?ree1 & to balance x a s+le /r& is run 9 on ! opposite side4 ,! ends ( ?is /r& are n fa/5$ 9 any p>ticul> way2 ! weav+ holds !m 9 place4 ,! spaces next to ea* %ort rail may be fill$ 9 a l mann] if desir$4 ,/r&s cross+ und]nea? ! frame mu/ be wov5 9 "s mann] to produce a seat ( maximum /r5g?4 ,! "* ( ! weave "h is n p]t95t2 9 ?is in/ance x might take ! same =m z ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,,weav+ ,,9 ,,s]ies ,,( ,,?ree4 ,fig4 #ee %[s a /ool top wov5 ( inn] hickory b>k /rips employ+ :at is t]m$ a diagonal weave4 ,beg9 ! wrapp+ on ei!r ! %ort or long rails4 ,9 ?is in/ance we w assume t ! %ort rails h be5 wrapp$2 !n ! weav+ w beg9 ov] ! long rails1 & z indicat$1 at ! upp] left h& corn]4 ,! /r&s h be5 numb]$ to make ! description cle>]4 ,! diagonal is det]m9$ at ! edges ( ! upp] rail4 ,! me?od ( weav+ may be express$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,/r& #a--,ov] #a1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 & s on4 ,/r& #b--,ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 & s on4 ,/r& #c--,"u #a1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 & s on4 ,/r& #d--,"u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 & s on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,,/ool ,,top ,,( ,,inn] ,,hickory ,,/rips4 ,?is completes ! s]ies or unit1 & ?is unit repeats itself until ! area is wov54 ,= in/ance1 ! fif? weav] foll[s ! same c\rse z ! fir/2 ! six? weav] foll[s ! same c\rse z ! second2 ! sev5? ! same z ! ?ird2 & s on4 ,! diagonal effect w rema9 ! same 7 ! weav] to run ov] ?ree /r&s or m1 provid+ ! "r />t is made at ! edges ( ! frame4 ,9 us+ inn] hickory b>k c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to keep ! /r&s close toge!r1 = !y %r9k appreciably 9 dry+4 ,a brad hamm] ) squ>e face is an excell5t tool to use = keep+ ! /r&s snugly toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 ,,/ool ,,top ,,( ,,flat ,,& ,,half-,,r\nd ,,re$s4 ,a comb9ation ( half-r\nd & flat re$ is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ef4 ,! half-r\nd re$ is wrapp$ ab\t ! frame fir/1 & 9 ?is case e o!r /r& is wrapp$ ar\nd ! opposite rail1 cross+ und]nea? ! frame only4 ,! diagonal weave is employ$1 & is id5tical to ! "o j describ$ 9 g5]al effect4 ,h[ev]1 ! weav] runs ov] ?ree & "u ?ree 9 ! body4 ,note ! diff]5ce 9 ! weave at ! edges ( ! rails4 ,:5 us+ half-r\nd re$ x is necess>y t e o!r /r& be wrapp$ completely ar\nd ! rails1 = o!rwise x w\ld prove practically impossible to weave ! area because ( ! ?ickness ( ! re$4 ,a w9d+ re$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #di or b9d] cane c\ld be run cont9u\sly1 inasmu* z ei!r is relatively ?94 ,weav+ ) two k9ds ( re$ w produce an area ( pleas+ high relief4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 ,,diamond ,,design ,,9 ,,flat ,,re$4 ,fig4 #eg illu/rates a /ool wov5 9 flat re$4 ,! diagonal weave is us$ runn+ t[>d a common c5t]1 & x =ms a diamond patt]n or design4 ,beg9 wrapp+ on ! long rails1 skipp+ e o!r /r& on ! top z indicat$4 ,to weave ?is patt]n x is necess>y to locate ! c5t] ( ! %ort rails & ! c5t] /r& ( ^? runn+ across ! frame4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! /r&s are ev5 9 numb]1 s ! patt]n does n beg9 at ! actual c5t]1 b a little to ! "r or left z ! case may be4 ,beg9n+ at ! c5t]1 c\nt by twos1 ov]1 "u & ov]1 "u & s on to det]m9e ! numb] ( /r&s to g ov] or "u at ! edge ( ! frame4 ,! fir/ /r& runs ov] "o at ! c5t]1 & ov] two & "u two on ei!r side4 ,! second /r& runs "u ?ree at ! c5t]1 & ov] two1 "u two on ei!r side2 ! work] mu/ aga9 c\nt to ! edge ( ! frame to det]m9e ! beg9n+ weave1 until ! unit ( f\r /r&s has be5 wov54 ,!n ! unit repeats itself at ! c5t] & at ! edges ( ! frame4 ,beg9n+ at ! "r side ( ! illu/ration ! weav+ is z foll[s3 ,/r& #a--,ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 !n ov] #a1 & repeat across ! o!r half ( ! frame4 ,/r& #b--,"u #a1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 !n "u #c1 & repeat across ! frame4 ,/r& #c--,"u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 !n "u #a1 & repeat across ! frame4 ,/r& #d--,ov] #a1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 ov] #b1 "u #b1 !n ov] #c1 & repeat across ! frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4 ,,diamond ,,weave ,,9 ,,flat ,,& ,,half-,,r\nd ,,re$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4 ,,wov5 ,,design ,,9 ,,flat ,,re$4 ,^! f\r /r&s comprise ! unit1 & x is repeat$ until ! frame is entirely wov54 ,complete half ( ! frame fir/1 !n weave ! o!r half1 :i* is j ! rev]se ( ! fir/ half4 ,9 />t+ ! weave = ! second half1 /r& #a is omitt$1 = x is ! c5t] ( ! frame4 ,aft] ! work] has work$ out ! unit accord+ to ! me?od describ$1 he w f9d x good practice to write x out graphically z above to use 9 weav+ ! seat4 ,! unit above applies to ! p>ticul> /ool1 & w n hold good on seats utiliz+ m /r&s1 or few]4 ,errors are easily made 9 weav+ ?is patt]n = ! reason t /r&s ne$ wat*+ at two places4 ,! seat ( ! /ool at ! top ( ! gr\p %[n 9 ,fig4 #fa has a patt]n id5tical ) ?is "o1 except t ! /r&s bo? ways are close toge!r4 ,! top illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #eh is practically ! same 9 design z ! "o j describ$4 ,! weav]s run ov] ! long rails 9 ?is in/ance1 in/ead ( ! %ort ones1 & half-r\nd re$ is us$ = ! weav]s1 ) flat re$ utiliz$ = ! wrapp+4 ,! fir/ weav] ( half-r\nd re$ runs "u ! c5t] /r&1 & ! two second weav]s run ov] ?ree /r&s on ei!r side ( ! fir/1 at ! c5t] ( ! area4 ,! comb9ation ( ! half-r\nd & flat re$s produces a seat bo? pleas+ & s]viceable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4 ,,/ool ,,top ,,wov5 ,,) ,,fib]4 ,fig4 #ei illu/rates a /ool top wov5 ) flat re$ entirely1 9 a design ! v opposite 9 effect ( t %[n 9 ,fig4 #eg2 in/ead ( evolv+ a diamond effect ! diagonals appe> to radiate f a common c5t]4 ,! me?od ( weav+ is id5tical to t ( ,fig4 #eg 9 t ! op]ation beg9s at ! c5t] ( rails in/ead ( next to ! po/s4 ,! fir/ weav] is wov5 ov] ! c5t] /r& at ! c5t] ( ! top1 & ! second weav]1 on ei!r side1 is wov5 ov] ?ree /r&s1 at ! c5t]4 ,^! ?ree weav]s practically det]m9e ! design & effect produc$4 ,an error ( no vital importance exi/s 9 ?is p>ticul> /ool top4 ,x w m]ely emphasize ! fact t p>ticul> c>e is necess>y to avoid mi/akes4 ,fib] is ! mat]ial us$ = ! top ( ! /ool %[n 9 ,fig4 #fj4 ,! diagonal weave is employ$4 ,! process ( weav+ has be5 expla9$ & ne$s no fur!r discussion4 ,! fib] is ! same z t discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,x adapts itself admirably to ?is =m ( weav+1 & :5 prop]ly f9i%$ ) v>ni% makes a s]viceable seat1 pleas+ 9 e p>ticul>4 ,! /r&s :i* run across ! frame 9 ! wrapp+ mu/ be "s di/ance ap>t1 o!rwise weav+ w\ld prove impossible4 ,! ?ickness ( ! /r&s preclude _! be+ wrapp$ close toge!r z 9 ! case ( ?9 mat]ials4 ,9 ?is case a space equal to ! wid? ( ?ree /r&s is left4 ,! weav] runs ov] two & "u two /r&s 9 ! body4 ,:ile re$s & inn] hickory b>k %r9k 9 dry+1 !y w %r9k mo/ly 9 wid? & n mu* 9 l5g?4 ,!re=e x is necess>y to pull all /r&s1 bo? 9 wrapp+ & 9 weav+1 r tight at all times4 ,only by do+ ?is w ! work] be assur$ ( an ultimately taut seat4 ,?is applies also to ! ,indian spl9ts n[ to be discuss$4 ,z fib] is wov5 practically dry x ne$s to be pull$ p>ticul>ly tight4 ,indian ,spl9ts4--,fig4 #fa %[s a gr\p ( /ools & a wa/e basket con/ruct$ 9 eigh? grade %ops4 ,! tops ( ! /ools & ! panels ( ! basket are wov5 ( hickory spl9ts 94 9 wid?4 ,a v>iety ( patt]ns is %[n1 & ^! w sugge/ o!r ones4 ,"o ( ! /ools has turn$ po/s & ! spl9ts are c>ri$ ov] ! sides ( ! rails4 ,) slight modification ( ! /ructure1 ! sides might be wov5 9 a simil> mann] to ! top4 ,! panels ( ! basket 7 wov5 ov] a sep>ate frame1 !n !y 7 cut to fit ! frames ( ! basket1 & f9ally tack$ on ! frames4 ,! edges ( ! spl9ts 7 cov]$ ) ?9 wood /rips held 9 place ) brads4 ,^! panels %\ld be ins]t$ & secur$ :ile damp to assure prop] tautness1 & to prev5t z f> z possible splitt+ ! ends ( ! spl9ts 9 tack+ !m to ! frames4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,/ools4 ,,tops ,,wov5 ,,) ,,indian ,,spl9ts4 ,x is n advisable to tack spl9ts onto seat frames1 ei!r z an ins]t or slip seat1 or on ! rails ( ! /ructure itself4 ,! spl9ts split easily :5 tack$1 ! /r&s are b\nd to pull loose1 & ! seats break d[n "u cont9u$ use4 ,on su* articles z wa/e baskets1 boxes1 scre5s & ! l1 tack+ ! panels 9 place is necess>y & prop]1 = no appreciable we> or s]vice comes to !m4 ,! weav+ on seats ne$s to be cont9u\s ov] & "u ! frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,fa/5+ ,,"o ,,/r& ,,to ,,ano!r4 ,:5 a /r& ( usual l5g? has be5 wrapp$ ab\t ! rails ( ! seat a second /r& ne$s to be add$ to cont9ue ! wrapp+4 ,tack+ ! /r&s to ! "u side ( ! rails1 z 9 ! case ( re$s1 _c be resort$ to ) spl9ts = ! reasons j expla9$4 ,!re=e "s me?od ( fa/5+ /r&s to ea* o!r is necess>y4 ,fig4 #fb is a freeh& sket* %[+ a good me?od4 ,z indicat$1 a small rectangul> piece is cut out ( ! us$ /r& at ,b1 "o in* f ! end4 ,a *isel or *ip c>v+ knife is good = ! purpose4 ,cut across ! gra9 ( ! wood fir/ to avoid splitt+ ! spl9t4 ,! end ( ! new /r& ,a is not*$ z %[n an in* back f ! end1 & is !n ins]t$ ?ru ,b & ! two /r&s ?us secur$4 ,all subsequ5t /r&s are secur$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,ov]lapp+ ,,weav]s4 ,ano!r me?od :i* works well & involves less labor ?an ! "o j describ$ is t ( fa/5+ ! /r&s toge!r ) metal /aples4 ,any type ( small h& /apl] w accompli% ! result4 ,! spl9ts mu/ be v pliable :5 ! /aple is ins]t$ & cl9*$1 = if !y are n1 ! spl9ts are c]ta9 to split4 ,clips us$ 9 ,v5etian ironwork are excell5t = ?is purpose also4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood1 = reasons v obvi\s1 t ^! fa/5+s are made und]nea? ! frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4 ,,wov5 ,,design ,,9 ,,hickory ,,spl9ts4 ,aft] ! wrapp+ ( ! opposite rails is complet$1 ! weav+ is begun4 ,! use ( tacks "h is also unnecess>y & is inadvisable4 ,fa/5 a new /r& by ov]lapp+ ! end ( ! old "o = sev]al in*es ei!r on top or und]nea? ! frame4 ,! ends ( ea* w be hidd5 "u cross /r&s or spokes4 ,fig4 #fc is a sket* illu/rat+ ! me?od ( ov]lapp+4 ,,aa %[s /r&s runn+ ov] ! weav]s1 & ,,bb /r&s runn+ "u4 ,d is ! end ( ! old or us$ /r&1 & ,c "o end ( ! new "o4 ,c is pull$ until ! end is hidd5 "u ,a4 ,x is advisable to ov]lap ! di/ance ( a numb] ( /r&s & n m]ely two z ! sket* indicates4 ,! sket* m]ely %[s ! me?od4 ,! end ( ! /r& :i* completes ! weav+ ( ! seat is secur$ und]nea? ! frame by weav+ = a %ort di/ance 9 ! usual mann]4 ,fig4 #fd is m]ely ,fig4 #ei repeat$ z f> z ! weav+ processes are conc]n$4 ,9 ?is in/ance hickory spl9ts are us$1 & ! rails are wrapp$ cont9u\sly across ! top4 ,note ! diff]5t effects produc$1 by comp>+ ! two figures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4 ,,wov5 ,,design4 ,,diamond ,,effect4 ,fig4 #fe %[s a r unusual weave4 ,! effect is t ( a numb] ( diamond areas ov] ! entire surface1 "o ( :i* is m>k$ to make ! unit or design evid5t4 ,?is design ne$ n beg9 at ! c5t]1 b may beg9 at ! edge ( ! frame z 9 regul> diagonal weav+ %[n 9 ,fig4 #ee4 ,! /r&s compris+ ! unit are numb]$ = conv5i5ce4 ,! process ( weav+ is z foll[s3 ,/r& #a--,"u #a1 ov] #b1 "u #a1 ov] #b1 & s on4 ,/r& #b--,ov] #b1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 & s on4 ,/r& #c--,ov] #a1 "u #b1 ov] #a1 "u #b1 & s on4 ,/r& #d--,"u #b1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 & s on4 ,/r& #e--,"u #a1 ov] #b1 "u #a1 ov] #b1 & s on4 ,/r& #f--,"u #b1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 & s on4 ,/r& #g--,ov] #a1 "u #b1 ov] #a1 "u #b1 & s on4 ,/r& #h--,ov] #b1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 & s on4 ,/r& #i--,"u #a1 ov] #b1 "u #a1 ov] #b1 & s on4 ,n9e /r&s comprise ! unit4 ,"o half ( ! unit f /r& #e is a repetition ( ! fir/ half except t ! ord] is rev]s$4 ,?us /r&s #d & #f1 #c & #g1 #b & #h1 & #a & #i are id5tical 9 weave4 ,repeat ! unit until ! seat is complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4 ,,design ,,( ,,indian ,,spl9ts4 ,! design produc$ 9 ,fig4 #ff is obta9$ by skipp+ c]ta9 /r&s = r unusual di/ances4 ,?is may be done 9 in/ances :]e ! patt]n is begun at ! c5t] ( ! area4 ,no /r& %\ld be omitt$ its entire l5g? h[ev]4 ,any numb] ( designs may be work$ out1 limit$ only by ! pati5ce & +5uity ( ! individual work]4 ,a design = a seat or panel n illu/rat$ h]e91 b :i* is p>ticul>ly pleas+ 9 its g5]al effect1 is produc$ by a unit ( six /r&s repeat$ indef9itely4 ,! weav+ is />t$ z 9 ! diagonal weave & ! process may be indicat$ z foll[s3 ,/r& #a--,ov] #a1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 & s on4 ,/r& #b--,ov] #b1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 & s on4 ,/r& #c--,ov] #c1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 & s on4 ,/r& #d--,"u #a1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 & s on4 ,/r& #e--,"u #b1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 & s on4 ,/r& #f--,"u #c1 ov] #c1 "u #c1 ov] #c1 & s on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,weav+ ,,spl9ts4 ,! isometric sket* ( a /ool1 ,fig4 #fg1 %[s ! /ructure p>tly wov54 ,x w be notic$ t ! spl9ts or re$s run bo? ways und]nea? ! frame z !y d on top4 ,z indicat$ previ\sly ^! /r&s und]nea? %\ld be wov5 9 "s mann] to assure a seat ( maximum /r5g? = ! mat]ial us$4 ,! diagonal weave 0 arbitr>ily *os5 to illu/rate ! me?od ( weav+ ! seat frame4 ,! weav+ und]nea? is n %[n on ! sket*4 ,if ! rails on any seat are run flu% ) ! inside corn]s ( ! po/s ! wov5 /r&s w fill ! entire space4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if !y are p]mitt$ an (fset1 a s]ies ( op5 spaces are left z %[n on ! fir/ wov5 seat illu/rat$4 ,! sket* %[s ! rails flu% ) ! inn] corn] ( ! po/s4 ,a ,ru/ic ,*air4--,! type ( *air :i* is p>ticul>ly adapt$ to spl9t weav+ is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #fh4 ,! con/ruction is simple1 & ! necess>y b5d+ ( pieces is readily done if a suitable /eam+ *e/ is available 9 ! %op4 ,su* a *e/ may be made ( a #f 94 gas pipe cut ! requir$ l5g? & ?read$ at bo? ends4 ,cap "o end p]man5tly4 ,h ! cap = ! o!r end removable1 ) a gasket 9 x to prev5t ! escape ( /eam1 & a suitable h&le atta*$ = ease 9 remov+4 ,set ! pipe ^u a /&>d1 !n make ! necess>y /eam connections at ! clos$ end & ! dra9 at ! o!r4 ,place ! wood 9 ! *e/1 screw on ! cap1 & turn on ! /eam4 ,! l5g? ( "t ! wood %\ld rema9 9 ! /eam dep5ds ^u ! wood & ! size ( ! piece4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4 ,,por* ,,*air ,,) ,,back ,,& ,,seat ,,wov5 ,,) ,,spl9ts4 ,suitable wood =ms are easily made = b5d+ /ock4 ,_! con/ruction ne$s no elaboration4 ,:5 ! pieces are remov$ f ! *e/1 clamp !m ov] ! =ms imm$iately1 & all[ !m to rema9 clamp$ 9 ?is mann] = sev]al days 9 a dry1 w>m room4 ,if /eam coils or hot air regi/]s are h&y ! =ms may be plac$ ov] or ne> !m to exp$ite ! dry+4 ,rock elm is a good mat]ial f :i* to con/ruct su* a *air4 ,! wood may be procur$ 9 ! r\nd1 ( diff]5t diamet]s4 ,! t5ons on ! /raight pieces may be made on ! wood la!2 on ! curv$ ones ) spoke%ave or draw knife4 ,! %ort ?9 pieces on ! sides %\ld be fully h\s$4 ,on a *air ( ?is description x is good policy to assemble ! sides fir/4 ,f9i% bo? ! frame & ! spl9ts ) a good pa9t compos$ ( :ite lead & oil4 ,ano!r excell5t mat]ial = *airs ( simil> design & purpose is hickory4 ,x is ! be/ mat]ial = ! con/ruction ( furniture = lawns & por*es :]e wea!r+ is con/ant1 & x is peculi>ly adapt$ to spl9t & inn] b>k weav+4 ,if a p]son lives 9 ! "r locality he may ga!r "y second gr[? hickory sapl+s 9 ! fall4 ,an in/ructor c\ld v readily take 8 classes out on su* a wood-ga!r+ exp$ition4 ,! educational ga9 9 ga!r+ raw mat]ials to be fa%ion$ into f9i%$ articles ( use & beauty w ju/ify all ef=ts4 ,9 ! fall ! b>k ( ! sapl+s w adh]e firmly to ! wood4 ,trim & assort ! diff]5t pieces 9 accordance ) plans1 cut !m into approximate l5g?s1 & /eam & b5d ^? desir$4 ,s& ea* piece smoo?1 & proce$ to con/ruct ! *air accord+ to previ\s plans4 ,glue & nail all important jo9ts to prev5t any possibility ( sep>ation "u any wea!r condition4 ,no f9i% ( any description is necess>y or desir$ on hickory furniture4 ,wea!r+ w naturally d>k5 bo? frame & spl9ts1 b w n detract 9 any way f ! rugg$1 pleas+ appe>ance ( ! article4 ,sassafras is a v desirable wood = ru/ic furniture1 & well adapt$ to spl9t weav+4 ,! me?ods ( ga!r+ & f9i%+ are id5tical to hickory4 ,x is mu* light] 9 weight ?an hickory1 b is q z s]viceable4 ,no f9i%+ ag5t is necess>y1 al?o ! work] may oil or v>ni% x at 8 discretion4 ,a ,wov5 ,table4--,! table illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #fi is a comm]cial product1 evid5c$ by ! ma*9e turn$ po/s & crosspieces4 ,9 s*ool %ops ! po/s may be made ( rock elm r\nds previ\sly m5tion$1 or squ>e tap]$1 & ! rails ( r\nds or squ>es4 ,! po/s mortise 9 a frame und]nea? ! top4 ,! framework ( ! top is made ( 94 d[el rods h\s$ 9 a #f 94 r\nd piece ( 94 wood1 & radiat+ f x equal di/ances ap>t4 ,! numb] ( spokes ne$s to be odd1 & cut to ev5 l5g?s4 ,! weav+ is done ) ab\t a ,no4 #f re$1 runn+ ov] "o1 "u two1 ov] "o1 "u two1 & s on4 ,! odd spoke p]mits ! weav] to run cont9u\sly )\t skipp+ a spoke4 ,a new /r& is begun und]nea? ! spoke :]e ! la/ /r& ends4 ,:5 ! top has be5 wov5 to ! ends ( ! spokes a /rip ( braid$ ,no4 #b re$ is nail$ to ea* spoke ) a r\nd head1 galvaniz$ nail4 ,! braid is made 9 ! usual mann]1 z 9 basketry1 ) ?ree s]ies ( /r&s ( f\r ea*4 ,:5 ! %elf has be5 con/ruct$ 9 ! same mann] z ! top1 & bo? top & %elf h be5 fa/5$ 9 _! respective places1 ! table may be /a9$ ) nap?a by p\r+ ! /a9 ov] x4 ,?is me?od has be5 describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,comm]cially1 su* articles are siz$ be=e /a9+4 ,h[ev]1 /a9+ direct is ! prop] proc$ure 9 s*ool %ops4 ,use no %ellac if ! table is to be us$ on ! por* or 9 ! op5 :]e expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,will[s4--,will[s are import$ normally f ,g]many1 ,holl&1 ,belgium & ,france4 ,because ( _! sc>city & dem& = !m1 will[ gr[+ is fa/ becom+ a ?riv+ indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,_m exp]im5tal f>ms are "u ! direct sup]vision ( ! f$]al gov]nm5t4 ,^! h demon/rat$ t will[s c be gr[n to advantage 9 _m localities 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 _m in/ances manufactur]s h ab&on$ rattan 9 favor ( will[s = c]ta9 articles ( furniture :]e rattan 0 =m]ly us$ exclusively4 ,will[ possesses all ! attributes necess>y = su* furniture1 be+ light 9 weight1 durable1 & /rong2 & x takes a good f9i%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4 ,a ,,wov5 ,,c5t] ,,table4 ,will[ /ems or rods are cut :5 sev]al feet long4 ,!y are !n soak$ 9 wat] & ! out] b>k peel$4 ,! rods are !n sort$1 bundl$ & %ipp$ to ! deal] or us]4 ,! peel+ is g5]ally accompli%$ by h& ) a peculi>ly =k$ /ick or rod4 ,comm]cially !re are :at are t]m$ dry peel$ rods & /eam peel$ rods1 ) ! =m] 9 favor = furniture ( ! bett] class4 ,!y sell = f #f c5ts to #ae c5ts p] p\nd1 dep5d+ on quality1 l5g? & me?od ( peel+4 ,will[ /ems are us$ ext5sively 9 basketry1 & = por* & summ] furniture4 ,!y c\ld be us$ effectively on su* a table z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fi1 b _c g5]ally be utiliz$ advantage\sly 9 s*ool %ops = seat+ purposes only4 ,h[ev]1 !y h v def9ite uses on "s /ructures1 & an adequate supply %\ld be kept on h& = use :5 opportunity (f]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,)9 ! conf9es ( ?is book a v>iety ( mat]ials has be5 sugge/$1 & _m demon/rat$1 = seat weav+ ( v>i\s k9ds & = weav+ on /ructures o!r ?an seats4 ,^! w ord9>ily af=d suffici5t latitude = classes ( diff]5t grade 9 ! s*ool %ops1 b ! in/ructor or work] %\ld n inf] t ^? indicat$ include all4 ,exp]i5ce 9 weav+ ) ^! mat]ials w sugge/ new m$iums & comb9ations )\t numb]1 & exp]im5tation ) new mat]ials by bo? in/ructor & pupil %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sugge/ive ,,projects4 ,,weav+ ,,mat]ials3 ,,:]e ,,to ,,obta9 ,! foll[+ firms & individuals c furni% ! v>i\s weav+ mat]ials indicat$4 ,!y may und\bt$ly be procur$ locally 9 ! l>g] cities4 ,,cane ,,lussky1 ,,:ite ,,& ,,coolidge ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,am]ican ,,re$ ,,& ,,rattan ,,mfg4 ,,co4 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,hoov] ,,bros4 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 ,l4 ,s4 ,,drake1 ,,inc4 ,we/ ,newton1 ,mass4 ,,cane ,,webb+ ,,lussky1 ,,:ite ,,& ,,coolidge ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,re/mo] ,,mfg4 ,,co4 ,vanc\v]1 ,b4 ,c4 ,,fib] ,,! ,,fib] ,,gr& ,,co4 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,hammet ,,co4 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,ru% ,l4 ,s4 ,,drake1 ,,inc4 ,we/ ,newton1 ,mass4 ,,gu/av ,,/ickley ,ea/wood1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,indian ,,spl9ts ,c4 ,n4 ,,saba ,,& ,,co4 #hd ,well+ton ,/4 ,we/1 ,toronto1 ,ont>io4 ,,david ,,h>d9 ,patesville1 ,ky4 ,,re$s ,,lussky1 ,,:ite ,,& ,,coolidge ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,am]ican ,,re$ ,,& ,,rattan ,,mfg4 ,,co4 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,hammet ,,co4 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,inn] ,,hickory ,,b>k ,,! ,,old ,,hickory ,,*air ,,co4 ,m>t9sville1 ,ind4 ,,books ,,on ,,! ,,manual ,,arts ,,design ,,& ,,con/ruction ,,9 ,,wood4 ,by ,noyes4 ,a book full ( *>m & di/9ction4 ,x illu/rates a s]ies ( well-design$ & attractive projects1 & gives sugge/ions = o!r simil> projects1 all suitable = home use1 toge!r ) in=mation reg>d+ tools & processes = mak+4 ,a pleas+ volume abundantly & beautifully illu/rat$4 #a4ej4 ,,h&work ,,9 ,,wood4 ,by ,noyes4 ,a compreh5sive & s*ol>ly treatise1 cov]+ logg+1 saw-mill+1 season+1 & measur+1 h& tools1 wood fa/5+s1 equipm5t & c>e ( ! %op1 ! common jo9ts1 types ( wood /ructures1 pr9ciples ( jo9]y1 & wood f9i%+4 #cjd illu/rations--excell5t p5 draw+s & _m photographs4 ,! be/ ref]5ce book = tea*]s ( woodwork+4 #b4jj4 ,,wood ,,& ,,=e/4 ,by ,noyes4 ,a ref]5ce book = tea*]s ( woodwork+4 ,treats ( woods1 di/ribution ( ,am]ican =e/s1 life ( ! =e/1 enemies ( ! =e/1 de/ruction1 cons]vation & uses ( ! =e/1 ) a key to ! common woods by ,filib]t ,ro?4 ,describes #fg pr9cipal species ( wood1 ) maps ( ! habitat1 leaf draw+s1 life-size photographs & microphotographs ( sections4 ,pr(usely illu/rat$4 #c4jj4 ,,c>p5try4 ,by ,griffi?4 ,a well-illu/rat$ textbook = use 9 vocational s*ools1 trade s*ools1 te*nical s*ools & by appr5tices to ! trade1 pres5t+ ! pr9ciples ( h\se fram+ 9 a cle> & fundam5tal way4 ,x treats ( ! e-day practical problem ( ! c>p5t] & h\se-build] f ! lay+ ( f\ndations to ! completion ( ! int]ior f9i%4 #a4jj4 ,,woodwork ,,= ,,second>y ,,s*ools4 ,by ,griffi?4 ,a textbook = high s*ools1 colleges & te*nical s*ools4 ,x conta9s *apt]s on woods1 tools & processes1 jo9]y1 turn+1 c>v+1 inlay+1 wood f9i%+1 patt]n mak+1 & ! use ( woodwork+ ma*9es4 ,x is a well-balanc$ & au?oritative text1 presuppos+ a k ( elem5t>y tool processes4 ,specially adapt$ to second>y s*ools4 #a4ge4 ,,correlat$ ,,c\rses ,,9 ,,woodwork+ ,,& ,,me*anical ,,draw+4 ,by ,griffi?4 ,conta9s reliable in=mation conc]n+ organization ( c\rses1 subject-matt]1 & me?ods ( tea*+4 ,x cov]s classification & arrangem5t ( tool op]ations1 /ock bills1 co/ ( mat]ial1 records1 %op conduct1 ! lesson1 ma9t5ance1 equipm5t & lesson outl9es = gramm> & high s*ools4 ,! mo/ complete & ?oro treatm5t ( ! subject ( tea*+ woodwork+ ev] publi%$4 #a4ej4 ,,ess5tials ,,( ,,woodwork+4 ,by ,griffi?4 ,a textbook writt5 especially = gramm> & high s*ool /ud5ts4 ,! /&>d textbook on elem5t>y woodwork+4 ,a cle> & compreh5sive treatm5t ( woodwork+ tools1 mat]ials & processes1 to supplem5t1 b n to take ! place ( ! in/ruction giv5 by ! tea*]4 ,! book may be us$ ) any c\rse ( models4 #ge c5ts4 ,,woodwork ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,by ,griffi?4 ,a textbook = /ud5ts 9 ! sev5? & eigh? grades4 ,9 a rem>kably simple mann] x pres5ts only ! fundam5tal facts reg>d+ tools & tool processes :i* %\ld be ?oroly ma/]$ by ! gramm> grade boy4 ,x is te*nically correct1 well illu/rat$ & is adapt$ = use ) any c\rse ( models4 #ej c5ts4 ,,projects ,,= ,,beg9n+ ,,woodwork ,,& ,,me*anical ,,draw+4 ,by ,griffi?4 ,a collection ( #ej work+ draw+s & work+ directions ( projects :i* h prov$ ( exceptional s]vice :]e woodwork+ & me*anical draw+ are taught 9 a ?oro1 sy/ematic mann] 9 ! sev5? & eigh? grades4 #ge c5ts4 ,,furniture ,,mak+--,,advanc$ ,,projects ,,9 ,,woodwork4 ,by ,griffi?4 ,a collection ( problems 9 furniture mak+ select$ & design$ ) ref]5ce to high s*ool use4 ,on ! plate ) ea* work+ draw+ is a good p]spective sket* ( ! complet$ object4 ,9 draftsman%ip & ref9em5t ( design1 ^! problems are ( sup]ior quality4 ,an excell5t collection4 #ge c5ts4 ,,furniture ,,design ,,= ,,s*ools ,,& ,,%ops4 ,by ,craw%aw4 ,a manual 9 furniture design conta9+ a collection ( plates %[+ p]spective draw+s ( typical designs1 repres5t+ p>ticul> types ( furniture4 ,ea* p]spective is accompani$ by sugge/ions = re>rangem5ts & ! model+ ( p>ts4 ,! text discusses & illu/rates pr9ciples ( design z appli$ to furniture4 ,%\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e tea*] ( cab9et mak+ & design4 #a4jj4 ,,problems ,,9 ,,f>m ,,woodwork4 ,by ,blackburn4 ,a book ( work+ draw+s ( #ajj practical problems relat+ to agriculture & f>m life4 ,ea* problem is accompani$ by text treat+ ( ,purpose1 ,mat]ial1 ,bill ( ,/ock1 ,tools1 ,directions1 & ,assembly4 ,( special value to ! pupil & tea*] ( agriculture & manual arts 9 rural s*ools1 & to ! boy on ! f>m4 #a4jj4 ,,problems ,,9 ,,furniture ,,mak+4 ,by ,craw%aw4 ,conta9s #dc full-page work+ draw+s ( articles ( furniture4 ,9 addition to ! work+ draw+s1 !re is a p]spective sket* ( ea* article complet$4 ,!re are #cf pages ( text giv+ notes on ! con/ruction ( ea* project1 *apt]s on ! ,design & ,con/ruction ( furniture1 & "o on ,f9i%es4 ,! la/ *apt] describes #ae me?ods ( wood f9i%+1 all adapt$ = use on furniture4 #a4jj4 ,,problems ,,9 ,,woodwork+4 ,by ,murray4 ,a collection ( #dj plates ( work+ draw+s ( problems 9 b5* "w t h be5 successfully work$ out by boys 9 grades sev5 to n9e1 inclusive4 #ge c5ts4 ,,problems ,,9 ,,wood-,,turn+4 ,by ,craw%aw4 ,conta9s #be full-page plates ( work+ draw+s cov]+ sp9dle1 faceplate1 & *uck turn+4 ,x gives ! ma!matical basis = ! cuts us$ 9 turn+4 ,a valuable textbook = /ud5ts' use4 #hj c5ts4 ,,work%op ,,note-,,book--,,woodwork+4 ,by ,gre5e4 ,a note-book :i* furni%es a few g5]al & extremely important directions ab\t tools & processes1 & provides space = additional notes & work+ draw+s4 ,x is ess5tially a collection ( helps1 ideas1 h9ts1 sugge/ions1 que/ions1 facts1 illu/rations1 etc4 ,x is full ( sugge/ions2 %[s a ke5 insight into subject-matt] & tea*+ me?ods1 & is an effective tea*+ tool4 #ae c5ts4 ,,%op ,,problems4 ,by ,siep]t4 ,portfolios ( plates--work+ draw+s ( projects pr9t$ on trac+ pap] & adapt$ to be blue-pr9t$ = /ud5ts' use4 ,! plates are tak5 f ! ,%op ,notes & ,problems dep>tm5t ( ! ,manual ,tra9+ ,magaz9e4 ,! problems include a wide v>iety ( good design & adapt$ = %op use4 ,s]ies ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iii & ,,iv h be5 publi%$4 ,price p] s]ies1 #ce c5ts4 ,,gramm> ,,grade ,,problems ,,9 ,,me*anical ,,draw+4 ,by ,b5nett4 ,a rem>kably simple & c>efully grad$ textbook on ! fundam5tals ( me*anical draw+ = ! use ( /ud5ts 9 ! sev5? & eigh? grades4 ,x comb9es an abundance ( text & simple problems1 accompani$ by notes & directions4 ,its use insures ! e>ly =mation ( correct habits ( te*nique & makes possible ! developm5t ( a /&>d 9 gramm> grade me*anical draw+ p>allel ) woodwork+4 ,abundantly & well illu/rat$4 #ch c5ts4 ,,problems ,,9 ,,me*anical ,,draw+4 ,by ,b5nett4 ,a /ud5ts' textbook consi/+ ( #hj plates ( problems classifi$ into gr\ps accord+ to pr9ciple1 & arrang$ accord+ to difficulty ( solution4 ,ea* problem is giv5 unsolv$ &1 !re=e1 9 prop] =m to h& to ! pupil = solution4 ,! be/ collection ( problems = fir/-ye> high-s*ool /ud5ts available4 #ge c5ts4 ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,toys ,,= ,,! ,,boys' ,,work%op4 ,by ,moore4 ,a popul> boys' book4 ,x conta9s #ce pages ( full-page plates ( work+ draw+s illu/rat+ #db projects4 ,all ! projects are ov]fl[+ ) boy int]e/1 & are well adapt$ to ! upp] grades ( ! elem5t>y s*ool4 ,! text treats ( tools & tool processes1 & gives in/ructions = mak+ ea* project4 #a4jj4 ,,kitecraft ,,& ,,kite ,,t\rnam5ts4 ,by ,mill]4 ,au?oritative & compreh5sive4 ,! book deals ) ! con/ruction & fly+ ( all k9ds ( kites1 & ! mak+ & us+ ( kite accessories4 ,also a]oplanes1 glid]s1 propell]s1 motors1 etc4 ,abundantly illu/rat$ & attractively b\nd4 #a4jj4 ,,bird ,,h\ses ,,boys ,,c ,,build4 ,by ,siep]t4 ,a book ( r>e int]e/ to boys4 ,x is writt5 9 ! boy _s & comb9es ! *>m ( nature ) ! allurem5ts ( cont9uation "w 9 wood4 ,x illu/rates hundr$s ( bird h\ses & %[s work+ draw+s ( v>i\s designs2 also fe$]s1 %elt]s1 sp>r[ traps1 & o!r bird accessories4 ,! common h\se ne/+ birds are pictur$ & describ$ ) in=mation reg>d+ h\ses1 foods1 etc41 suitable = ea*4 ,a pleas+ & practical book = wide-awake boys4 ,price1 #ej c5ts4 ,,lea!r ,,"w4 ,by ,mickel4 ,a manual on art lea!r "w = /ud5ts1 tea*]s & craft work]s4 ,x gives detail$ descriptions ( ! v>i\s processes ( work+1 treat+ ( flat model+1 emboss+ or rep\ss1 c>v$ lea!r & cut "w4 ,x is well illu/rat$ ) photographs ( f9i%$ "w & work+ draw+s ( tw5ty useful & beautiful articles suitable = s*ool & home "w4 #ge c5ts4 ,,books ,,on ,,! ,,manual ,,arts4 ,a bibliography li/+ & describ+ #djj books mail$ free4 ,publi%$ by ,! ,manual ,arts ,press ,peoria1 ,ill4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,v>iant spell+ is pres]v$ z pr9t$4 ,m9or punctuation errors h be5 repair$4 ,! foll[+ am5dm5ts h be5 made3 ,page #da--tra9ig am5d$ to tra9+--444 m ?an ju/ifies its introduction 9 manual tra9+ %ops4 ,page #hd--! transcrib] has add$ ! omitt$ *apt] head+1 ',,weav+ ,,mat]ials3 ,,:]e ,,to ,,obta94'