,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,spiritual ,,9 ,,art     
,,by ,,wassily ,,k&9sky ,,translat$ ,,by
 ,,mi*ael ,t4 ,h4 ,,sadl]               
,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts       ,,li/ ,,(   
,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,n ,,9    
,e-,,text     ,,translator',s           
,,introduction      ,,"p ,i4 ,,ab\t     
,,g5]al ,,ae/hetic         ,i4          
,,introduction       ,,ii4 ,,! ,,movem5t
 ,,( ,,! ,,triangle      ,,iii4         
,,spiritual ,,revolution       ,,iv4 ,,!
 ,,pyramid      ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,ab\t       
,,pa9t+         ,v4 ,,! ,,psy*ological  
,,work+ ,,( ,,col\r       ,,vi4 ,,!     
,,language ,,( ,,=m ,,& ,,col\r         
,,vii4 ,,!ory     ,,viii4 ,,art ,,&     
,,arti/s       ,,ix4 ,,conclusion       
,,li/ ,,( ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations  
,,n ,,9 ,e-,,text    ,mosaic 9 ,s4      
,vitale1 ,rav5na  ,victor & ,he9ri*     
,dunwegge3 ,! ,crucifixion 79 ! ,alte   
,p9ako!k1 ,muni*7  ,albre*t ,dur]3 ,!   
,desc5t f ! ,cross 79 ! ,alte ,p9ako!k1 
,muni*7  ,raphael3 ,! ,canigiani ,holy  
,family 79 ! ,alte ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*7    

,paul ,cezanne3 ,ba?+ ,wom5 7by         
p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,b]nheim-,jeune1   
,p>is7  ,k&9sky3 ,impression ,no4 #d1   
,mosc[ 7#aiaa7            ,improvisation
 ,no4 #bi 7#aiab7           ,composition
 ,no4 #b 7#aiaj7           ,kle9e       
,freud5 7#aiac7    ,,translator',s      
,,introduction    ,x is no common ?+ to 
f9d an arti/ :o1 ev5 if he be will+ to  
try1 is capable ( express+ 8 aims &     
ideals ) any cle>ness & mod]ation4 ,"s p
 w say t any su* capacity is a flaw 9 ! 
p]fect arti/1 :o %\ld f9d 8 expression 9
 l9e & col\r1 & leave ! multitude to    
grope its way unaid$ t[>ds compreh5sion4
 ,?is attitude is a relic ( ! days :5   
l'art p\r l'art 0 ! late/ battle cry2 :5
 ecc5tricity ( mann] & irregul>ity (    
life 7 m important ?an any tal5t to !   
w\ld-be arti/2 :5 e "o except oneself 0 
b\rgeois4  ,! la/ few ye>s h 9 "s       
measure remov$ ?is absurdity1 by de/roy+
 ! old conv5tion t x 0 middle-class to  
be sane1 & t betwe5 ! arti/ & ! out]-_w 
yawn$ a gulf :i* few c\ld cross4 ,mod]n 

arti/s are beg9n+ to realize _! social  
duties4 ,!y are ! spiritual tea*]s ( !  
_w1 & = _! tea*+ to h weight1 x mu/ be  
compreh5sible4 ,any attempt1 !re=e1 to  
br+ arti/ & public into sympa?y1 to     
enable ! latt] to und]/& ! ideals ( !   
=m]1 %\ld be ?or\ghly welcome2 & su* an 
attempt is ?is book ( ,k&9sky's4  ,!    
au?or is "o ( ! lead]s ( ! new art      
movem5t 9 ,muni*4 ,! gr\p ( :i* he is a 
memb] includes pa9t]s1 poets1 musicians1
 dramati/s1 critics1 all work+ to ! same
 end--! expression ( ! ,,s\l ( nature & 
humanity1 or1 z ,k&9sky t]ms x1 !       
,,inn]] ,,klang4  ,p]haps ! fault ( ?is 
book ( !ory--or r ! *>act]i/ic mo/      
likely to give cause = attack--is !     
t5d5cy to v]bosity4 ,philosophy1        
especially 9 ! h&s ( a writ] ( ,g]man1  
pres5ts inexhau/ible opportunities =    
vague & gr&iloqu5t language4 ,p>tly =   
?is reason1 p>tly f incompet5ce1 ,i h n 
prim>ily attempt$ to deal ) !           
philosophical basis ( ,k&9sky's art4    
,"s1 probably1 w f9d 9 ?is aspect ( !   

book its *ief int]e/1 b bett] s]vice w  
be done to ! au?or's ideas by leav+ !m  
to ! read]'s judgem5t ?an by ev5 ! mo/  
exp]t criticism4  ,! p[] ( a book to    
excite argum5t is (t5 ! be/ pro( ( its  
value1 & my own exp]i5ce has always be5 
t ^? new ideas are at once mo/ *all5g+ &
 mo/ /imulat+ :i* come direct f _!      
au?or1 ) no int]m$iate discussion4  ,!  
task und]tak5 9 ?is ,introduction is a  
humbl] b p]haps a m necess>y "o4 ,engl&1
 ?r\gh\t h] hi/ory1 has %[n scant       
respect = sudd5 spasms ( !ory4 ,:e!r 9  
politics1 religion1 or art1 %e dem&s an 
hi/orical f\ndation = e belief1 & :5 su*
 a f\ndation is n =?com+ %e may smile   
indulg5tly1 b s]i\s int]e/ is imm$iately
 )drawn4 ,i am ke5ly anxi\s t ,k&9sky's 
art %\ld n suff] ?is fate4 ,my p]sonal  
belief 9 8 s9c]ity & ! future ( 8 ideas 
w g = v little1 b if x c be %[n t he is 
a reasonable developm5t ( :at we reg>d z
 s]i\s art1 t he is no adv5tur] /riv+ = 
a mom5t>y notoriety by ! /rang5ess ( 8  
beliefs1 !n !re is a *ance t "s p at    

lea/ w give 8 art fair consid]ation1 &  
t1 ( ^! p1 a few w come to love x z1 9  
my op9ion1 x des]ves4                   
,po/-,impressionism1 t vague & mu*-abus$
 t]m1 is n[ almo/ a h\sehold ^w4 ,t ! "n
 ( ! movem5t is bett] kn[n ?an ! names (
 its *ief lead]s is a sad mis=tune1     
l>gely caus$ by ! ov]-rapidity ( its    
introduction into ,engl&4 ,)9 ! space ( 
two %ort ye>s a mass ( arti/s f ,manet  
to ! mo/ rec5t ( ,cubi/s 7 ?ru/ on a    
public1 :o _h h>dly realiz$             
,impressionism4 ,! inevitable result has
 be5 complete m5tal *aos4 ,! tradition (
 :i* true ,po/-,impressionism is ! mod]n
 expression has be5 kept alive d[n !    
ages ( ,european art by scatt]$ &1 until
 lately1 neglect$ pa9t]s4 ,b n s9ce ! "t
 ( ! s-call$ ,byzant9es1 n s9ce ! p]iod 
( :i* ,giotto & 8 ,s*ool 7 ! f9al       
spl5did blossom+1 has ! ,symboli/ ideal 
9 art held g5]al sway ov] ! ,naturali/4 
,! ,primitive ,italians1 l _!           
pr$ecessors ! ,primitive ,greeks1 &1 9  
turn1 _! pr$ecessors ! ,egyptians1 s\ght

 to express ! inn] feel+ r ?an ! out]   
reality4  ,?is ideal t5d$ to be lo/ to  
sight 9 ! naturali/ic revival ( !       
,r5aissance1 :i* d]iv$ its inspiration  
solely f ^? p]iods ( ,greek & ,roman art
 :i* 7 pre-occupi$ ) ! expression (     
ext]nal reality4 ,al?\gh ! all-embrac+  
g5ius ( ,mi*elangelo kept ! ,symboli/   
tradition alive1 x is ! "w ( ,el ,greco 
t m]its ! complete title ( ,symboli/4 ,f
 ,el ,greco spr+s ,goya & ! ,spani%     
influ5ce on ,daumi] & ,manet4 ,:5 x is  
rememb]$ t1 9 ! meantime1 ,rembr&t & 8  
contempor>ies1 notably ,br\w]1 left _!  
m>k on ,fr5* art 9 ! "w ( ,delacroix1   
,decamps & ,c\rbet1 ! way w be se5      
cle>ly op5 to ,cezanne & ,gaugu94  ,!   
phrase symboli/ tradition is n us$ to   
express any consci\s aff9ity betwe5 !   
v>i\s g5]ations ( arti/s4 ,z ,k&9sky    
says3 ! relation%ips 9 art are n        
necess>ily ones ( outw>d =m1 b are f\nd$
 on inn] sympa?y ( mean+4 ,sometimes1   
p]haps frequ5tly1 a simil>ity ( outw>d  
=m w appe>4 ,b 9 trac+ spiritual        

relation%ip only inn] mean+ mu/ be tak5 
into acc\nt4  ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m p :o
 d5y t ,primitive ,art _h an inn] mean+ 
or1 r1 t :at is call$ ar*aic expression 
0 dictat$ by any?+ b ignorance (        
repres5tative me?ods & defective        
mat]ials4 ,su* p are numb]$ among !     
bitt]e/ oppon5ts ( ,po/-,impressionism1 
& inde$ x is difficult to see h[ !y c\ld
 be o!rwise4 ,pa9t+1 !y say1 :i* seeks  
to le>n f an age :5 art 01 h[ev] s9c]e1 
incompet5t & un$ucat$1 delib]ately      
rejects ! k & skill ( c5turies4 ,x w be 
no easy matt] to conqu] ?is assumption t
 ,primitive art is m]ely untra9$        
,naturalism1 b until x is conqu]$ !re   
seems little hope = a sympa!tic und]/&+ 
( ! symboli/ ideal4  ,! task is all ! m 
difficult because ( ! analogy drawn by  
fri5ds ( ! new movem5t betwe5 !         
neo-primitive vision & t ( a *ild4 ,t ! 
analogy conta9s a gra9 ( tru? does n    
make x ! less mis*iev\s4 ,fre%ness (    
vision ! *ild has1 & fre%ness ( vision  
is an important elem5t 9 ! new movem5t4 

,b beyond ?is a p>allel is non-exi/5t1  
mu/ be non-exi/5t 9 any art o!r ?an pure
 artificiality4 ,x is "o ?+ to ape      
ineptitude 9 te*nique & ano!r to acquire
 simplicity ( vision4 ,simplicity--or r 
discrim9ation ( vision--is ! tradem>k ( 
! true ,po/-,impressioni/4 ,he ,,obs]ves
 & !n ,,selects :at is ess5tial4 ,!     
result is a logical & v sophi/icat$     
syn!sis4 ,su* a syn!sis w f9d expression
 9 simple & ev5 h>% te*nique4 ,b !      
process c only come ,,aft] ! naturali/  
process & n be=e x4 ,! *ild has a direct
 vision1 because 8 m9d is un5cumb]$ by  
association & because 8 p[] (           
conc5tration is unimpair$ by a          
multiplicity ( int]e/s4 ,8 me?od ( draw+
 is immature2 its v>iations f ! ord9>y  
result f lack ( capacity4  ,two examples
 w make my mean+ cle>]4 ,! *ild draws a 
l&scape4 ,8 picture conta9s "o or two   
objects only f ! numb] be=e 8 eyes4 ,^! 
are ! objects :i* /rike him z important4
 ,s f>1 good4 ,b !re is no relation     
betwe5 !m2 !y /& isolat$ on 8 pap]1 m]e 

lumpi% %apes4 ,! ,po/-,impressioni/1    
h[ev]1 selects 8 objects ) a view to    
express+ by _! means ! :ole feel+ ( !   
l&scape4 ,8 *oice falls on elem5ts :i*  
sum up ! :ole1 n ^? :i* fir/ attract    
imm$iate att5tion4  ,aga91 let u take ! 
case ( ! def9itely religi\s picture4    
,footnote3 ,religion1 9 ! s5se ( awe1 is
 pres5t 9 all true art4 ,b "h ,i use !  
t]m 9 ! n>r[] s5se to mean pictures (   
:i* ! subject is connect$ ) ,*ri/ian or 
o!r wor%ip4  ,x is n (t5 t *ildr5 draw  
religi\s sc5es4 ,m (t5 battles &        
pageants attract !m4 ,b s9ce ! revival (
 ! religi\s picture is s noticeable a   
factor 9 ! new movem5t1 s9ce !          
,byzant9es pa9t$ almo/ entirely religi\s
 subjects1 & f9ally1 s9ce a book ( su*  
draw+s by a *ild ( twelve has rec5tly   
be5 publi%$1 ,i pref] to take !m z my   
example4 ,daphne ,ali5's religi\s draw+s
 h ! graceful *>m ( *ildhood1 b !y are  
m]e *ildi% e*oes ( conv5tional          
prett9ess4 ,h] tal5t1 :5 mature1 w turn 
to ! *>m+ r ?an to ! vigor\s4 ,!re c\ld 

be no great] contra/ betwe5 su* draw+ & 
t (--say--,cimabue4 ,cimabue's ,madonnas
 are n pretty wom51 b huge1 solemn      
symbols4 ,_! heads droop /iffly2 _!     
t5d]ness is univ]sal4 ,9 ,gaugu9's      
,agony 9 ! ,g>d5 ! figure ( ,*ri/ is    
hagg>d ) pa9 & grief4 ,^! arti/s h fill$
 _! pictures ) a bitt] exp]i5ce :i* no  
*ild c possibly possess4 ,i repeat1     
!re=e1 t ! analogy betwe5               
,po/-,impressionism & *ild-art is a     
false analogy1 & t = a tra9$ man or     
woman to pa9t z a *ild pa9ts is an      
impossibility4 ,footnote3 ,i am well    
aw>e t ?is /atem5t is at v>iance )      
,k&9sky1 :o has contribut$ a long       
article--,ub] die ,=mfrage--to ,d]      
,blaue ,reit]1 9 :i* he argues ! p>allel
 betwe5 ,po/-,impressionism & *ild      
vision1 z exemplifi$ 9 ! "w ( ,h5ri     
,r\sseau4 ,c]ta9ly ,r\sseau's vision is 
*ildlike4 ,he has _h no arti/ic tra9+ & 
pret5ds to none4 ,b ,i consid] t 8 art  
suff]s s greatly f 8 lack ( tra9+1 t    
beyond a s5tim5tal int]e/ x has little  

to recomm5d x4  ,all ?is does n presume 
to say t ! symboli/ s*ool ( art is      
necess>ily nobl] ?an ! naturali/4 ,i am 
mak+ no comp>ison1 only a di/9ction4 ,:5
 ! diff]5ce 9 aim is fully realiz$1 !   
,primitives c no long] be condemn$ z    
incompet5t1 nor ! mod]ns z lunatics1 =  
su* a condemnation is made f a wrong    
po9t ( view4 ,judgem5t mu/ be pass$1 n  
on ! failure to a*ieve naturalism b on !
 failure to express ! inn] mean+4  ,!   
brief hi/orical survey attempt$ above   
end$ ) ! names ( ,cezanne & ,gaugu91 & =
 ! purposes ( ?is ,introduction1 = !    
purpose1 t is to say1 ( trac+ ! g5ealogy
 ( ! ,cubi/s & ( ,k&9sky1 ^! two names  
may be tak5 to repres5t ! mod]n         
expression ( ! symboli/ tradition4  ,!  
diff]5ce betwe5 !m is subtle b goes v   
deep4 ,= bo? ! ultimate & int]nal       
significance ( :at !y pa9t$ c\nt$ = m   
?an ! significance :i* is mom5t>y &     
ext]nal4 ,cezanne saw 9 a tree1 a heap (
 apples1 a human face1 a gr\p ( ba?+ m5 
or wom51 some?+ m abid+ ?an ei!r        

photography or impressioni/ pa9t+ c\ld  
pres5t4 ,he pa9t$ ! tre5ess ( ! tree1 z 
a mod]n critic has admirably express$ x4
 ,b 9 ev]y?+ he did he %[$ !            
ar*itectural m9d ( ! true ,fr5*man4 ,8  
l&scape /udies 7 bas$ on a pr(\nd s5se (
 ! /ructure ( rocks & hills1 & be+      
/ructural1 8 art dep5ds ess5tially on   
reality4 ,?\gh he did n scruple1 &      
rightly1 to sacrifice accuracy ( =m to !
 inn] ne$1 ! mat]ial ( :i* 8 art 0      
compos$ 0 drawn f ! huge /ores ( actual 
nature4  ,gaugu9 has great] solemnity & 
fire ?an ,cezanne4 ,8 pictures are      
tragic or passionate poems4 ,he also    
sacrifices conv5tional =m to inn]       
expression1 b 8 art t5ds ev] t[>ds !    
spiritual1 t[>ds t pr(\nd] emphasis :i* 
_c be express$ 9 natural objects nor 9  
words4 ,true 8 ab&onm5t ( repres5tative 
me?ods did n lead him to an ab&onm5t (  
natural t]ms ( expression--t is to say  
human figures1 trees & animals d appe> 9
 8 pictures4 ,b t he 0 mu* ne>] a       
complete rejection ( repres5tation ?an 0

 ,cezanne is %[n by ! c\rse foll[$ by _!
 respective disciples4  ,! g5]ation     
imm$iately subsequ5t to ,cezanne1 ,h]b91
 ,vlam9ck1 ,friesz1 ,m>quet1 etc41 d    
little m ?an exagg]ate ,cezanne's       
te*nique1 until !re appe> ! fir/ signs (
 ,cubism4 ,^! are se5 v cle>ly 9 ,h]b94 
,objects beg9 to be treat$ 9 flat       
planes4 ,a r\nd vase is repres5t$ by a  
s]ies ( planes set "o into ! o!r1 :i* at
 a di/ance bl5d into a curve4 ,?is is ! 
fir/ /age4  ,! real plunge into ,cubism 
0 tak5 by ,picasso1 :o1 nurtur$ on      
,cezanne1 c>ri$ to its p]fectly logical 
conclusion ! ma/]'s /ructural treatm5t (
 nature4 ,repres5tation disappe>s4 ,/>t+
 f a s+le natural object1 ,picasso & !  
,cubi/s produce l9es & project angles   
till _! canvases are cov]$ ) intricate &
 (t5 v beautiful s]ies ( balanc$ l9es & 
curves4 ,!y p]si/1 h[ev]1 9 giv+ !m     
picture titles :i* recall ! natural     
object f :i* _! m9ds fir/ took flight4  
,) ,gaugu9 ! case is diff]5t4 ,!        
g5]ation ( 8 disciples :i* foll[$       

him--,i put x ?us to di/+ui% !m f 8     
actual pupils at ,pont ,av51 ,s]usi] & !
 re/--c>ri$ ! t5d5cy fur!r4 ,"o         
hesitates to m5tion ,d]a91 = 8 beg9n+s1 
full ( vitality & promise1 h giv5 place 
to a dre>y compromise ) ,cubism1 )\t    
visible future1 & above all )\t hum\r4  
,b !re is no bett] example ( !          
developm5t ( syn!tic symbolism ?an 8    
fir/ book ( woodcuts4  ,footnote3       
,l',en*anteur p\rrissant1 p> ,guillaume 
,apoll9aire1 avec illu/rations gravees  
sur bois p> ,&re ,d]a94 ,p>is1          
,kahnweil]1 #aiaj4  ,"h is "w :i* keeps 
! m]e/ semblance ( conv5tional =m1 :i*  
gives its effect by />tl+ masses ( black
 & :ite1 by sudd5 curves1 b m frequ5tly 
by sudd5 angles4  ,footnote3 ,!         
r5aissance ( ! angle 9 art is an int]e/+
 feature ( ! new movem5t4 ,n s9ce       
,egyptian times has x be5 us$ ) su*     
noble effect4 ,!re is a pa9t+ (         
,gaugu9's at ,hag51 ( a r[ ( ,tahitian  
wom5 seat$ on a b5*1 t consi/s entirely 
( a tell+ design 9 ,egyptian angles4    

,cubism is ! result ( ?is discov]y ( !  
angle1 bl5d$ ) ! influ5ce ( ,cezanne4   
,9 ! process ( ! gradual ab&onm5t (     
natural =m ! angle s*ool is p>allel$ by 
! curve s*ool1 :i* also desc5ds :olly f 
,gaugu94 ,! be/ kn[n repres5tative is   
,maurice ,d5is4 ,b he has become a slave
 to s5tim5tality1 & has be5 left beh9d4 
,matisse is ! mo/ prom95t ,fr5* arti/ :o
 has foll[$ ,gaugu9 ) curves4 ,9 ,g]many
 a gr\p ( "y m51 :o =m ! ,neue          
,kun/lev]e9igung 9 ,muni*1 "w almo/     
entirely 9 sweep+ curves1 & h r$uc$     
natural objects purely to fl[+1         
decorative units4  ,b :ile !y h foll[$  
,gaugu9's lead 9 ab&on+ repres5tation   
bo? ( ^! two gr\ps ( advance are lack+ 9
 spiritual mean+4 ,_! aim becomes m & m 
decorative1 ) an und]curr5t ( sugge/ion 
( simplifi$ =m4 ,anyone :o has /udi$    
,gaugu9 w be aw>e ( ! int5se spiritual  
value ( 8 "w4 ,! man is a prea*] & a    
psy*ologi/1 univ]sal by 8 v unor?odoxy1 
fundam5tal because he goes deep] ?an    
civilization4 ,9 8 disciples ?is great  

elem5t is want+4 ,k&9sky has suppli$ !  
ne$4 ,he is n only on ! track ( an art m
 purely spiritual ?an 0 conceiv$ ev5 by 
,gaugu91 b he has a*iev$ ! f9al ab&onm5t
 ( all repres5tative int5tion4 ,9 ?is   
way he comb9es 9 himself ! spiritual &  
te*nical t5d5cies ( "o great bran* (    
,po/-,impressionism4  ,! "q mo/ g5]ally 
ask$ ab\t ,k&9sky's art is3 ,:at is he  
try+ to d8 ,x is to be hop$ t ?is book w
 d some?+ t[>ds answ]+ ! "q4 ,b x w n d 
ev]y?+4 ,?is--p>tly because x is        
impossible to put into words ! :ole (   
,k&9sky's ideal1 p>tly because 9 8      
anxiety to /ate 8 case1 to c\rt         
criticism1 ! au?or has be5 tempt$ to    
=mulate m ?an is wise4 ,8 analysis (    
col\rs & _! effects on ! spectator is n 
! real basis ( 8 art1 because1 if x 71  
"o c\ld1 ) ! help ( a sci5tific manual1 
describe "o's emotions be=e 8 pictures )
 p]fect accuracy4 ,& ?is is impossible4 
,k&9sky is pa9t+ music4 ,t is to say1 he
 has brok5 d[n ! b>ri] betwe5 music &   
pa9t+1 & has isolat$ ! pure emotion :i*1

 = want ( a bett] "n1 we call ! arti/ic 
emotion4 ,anyone :o has li/5$ to good   
music ) any enjoym5t w admit to an      
unmi/akable b q indef9able ?rill4 ,he w 
n be able1 ) s9c]ity1 to say t su* a    
passage gave him su* visual impressions1
 or su* a h>mony r\s$ 9 him su*         
emotions4 ,! effect ( music is too      
subtle = words4 ,& ! same ) ?is pa9t+ ( 
,k&9sky's4 ,speak+ = myself1 to /& 9    
front ( "s ( 8 draw+s or pictures gives 
a ke5] & m spiritual pleasure ?an any   
o!r k9d ( pa9t+4 ,b ,i c\ld n express 9 
! lea/ :at gives ! pleasure4 ,presumably
 ! l9es & col\rs h ! same effect z      
h>mony & rhy?m 9 music h on ! truly     
musical4 ,t psy*ology comes 9 no "o c   
d5y4 ,_m p--p]haps at pres5t ! v l>ge   
majority ( p--h _! col\r-music s5se     
dormant4 ,x has nev] be5 ex]cis$4 ,9 !  
same way _m p are unmusical--ei!r :olly1
 by nature1 or p>tly1 = lack ( exp]i5ce4
 ,ev5 :5 ,k&9sky's idea is univ]sally   
und]/ood !re may be _m :o are n mov$ by 
8 melody4 ,= my "p1 some?+ )9 me answ]$ 

to ,k&9sky's art ! fir/ "t ,i met ) x4  
,!re 0 no "q ( look+ = repres5tation2 a 
h>mony _h be5 set up1 & t 0 en\gh4  ,(  
c\rse col\r-music is no new idea4 ,t is 
to say attempts h be5 made to play      
compositions 9 col\r1 by fla%es &       
h>monies4 ,footnote3 ,cf4 ,col\r ,music1
 by ,a4 ,wallace ,rim+ton4 ,hut*9son4   
#fs4 net4 ,also music has be5 int]pret$ 
9 col\r4 ,b ,i d n "k ( any previ\s     
attempt to pa9t1 )\t any ref]5ce to     
music1 compositions :i* %all h on !     
spectator an effect :olly divorc$ f     
repres5tative association4 ,k&9sky ref]s
 to attempts to pa9t 9 col\r-c\nt]po9t4 
,b t is a diff]5t matt]1 9 t x is !     
borr[+ f "o art by ano!r ( purely       
te*nical me?ods1 )\t a previ\s impulse f
 spiritual sympa?y4  ,"o is fac$ !n ) ! 
conflict+ claims ( ,picasso & ,k&9sky to
 ! position ( true lead] (              
non-repres5tative art4 ,picasso's       
admir]s hail him1 j z ?is ,introduction 
hails ,k&9sky1 z a visual musician4 ,!  
me?ods & ideas ( ea* rival are s diff]5t

 t ! title _c be accord$ to bo?4 ,9 8   
book1 ,k&9sky /ates 8 op9ion ( ,cubism &
 its fatal weakness1 & hi/ory goes to   
support 8 cont5tion4 ,! orig9 ( ,cubism 
9 ,cezanne1 9 a /ructural art t owes its
 v exi/5ce to matt]1 makes its claim to 
pure emotionalism seem unt5able4        
,emotions are n compos$ ( /rata &       
conflict+ pressures4 ,once ab&on reality
 & ! geometrical vision becomes ab/ract 
ma!matics4 ,x seems to me t ,picasso    
%>es a ,futuri/ error :5 he endeav\rs to
 h>monize "o item ( reality--a numb]1 a 
button1 a few capital lett]s--) a       
surr\nd+ aura ( angul> projections4 ,!re
 mu/ be a conflict ( impressions1 :i*   
diff] ess5tially 9 quality4 ,"o tr5d (  
mod]n music is t[>ds realism ( s\nd4    
,*ildr5 cry1 dogs b>k1 plates are brok54
 ,picasso approa*es ! same goal f !     
opposite direction4 ,x is z ?\gh he 7   
try+ to "w f realism to music4 ,! wa/e (
 "t is1 to my m9d1 equally complete 9   
bo? cases4 ,! p[] ( music to give       
expression )\t ! help ( repres5tation is

 its noble/ possession4 ,no pa9t+ has   
ev] _h su* a preci\s p[]4 ,k&9sky is    
/riv+ to give x t p[]1 & prove :at is at
 lea/ ! logical analogy betwe5 col\r &  
s\nd1 betwe5 l9e & rhy?m ( beat4        
,picasso makes little use ( col\r1 &    
conf9es himself only to "o s]ies ( l9e  
effects--^? caus$ by conflict+ angles4  
,s 8 aim is small] & m limit$ ?an       
,k&9sky's ev5 if x is z reasonable4 ,b  
because x has n :olly ab&on$ realism b  
uses = ! pa9t+ ( feel+ a /ructural      
vision dep5d5t = its value on !         
association ( reality1 because 9 s do+ x
 tries to make ! be/ ( two worlds1 !re  
seems little hope = x ( r$emption 9     
ei!r4  ,z has be5 said above1 ,picasso &
 ,k&9sky make an int]e/+ p>allel1 9 t !y
 h develop$ ! art respectively (        
,cezanne & ,gaugu91 9 a simil>          
direction4 ,on ! decision ( ,picasso's  
failure or success re/s ! di/9ction     
betwe5 ,cezanne & ,gaugu91 ! reali/ & ! 
symboli/1 ! pa9t] ( ext]nals & ! pa9t] (
 religi\s feel+4 ,unless a spiritual    

value is accord$ to ,cezanne's "w1      
unless he is believ$ to be a religi\s   
pa9t] 7& religi\s pa9t]s ne$ n pa9t     
,madonnas71 unless 9 fact he is p>allel$
 closely ) ,gaugu91 8 foll[] ,picasso _c
 claim to /&1 ) ,k&9sky1 z a prophet (  
an art ( spiritual h>mony4  ,if ,k&9sky 
ev] atta9s 8 ideal--= he is ! fir/ to   
admit t he has n yet rea*$ 8 goal--if he
 ev] succe$s 9 f9d+ a common language ( 
col\r & l9e :i* %all /& alone z !       
language ( s\nd & beat /&s alone1 )\t   
rec\rse to natural =m or repres5tation1 
he w on all h&s be hail$ z a great      
innovator1 z a *ampion ( ! fre$om ( art4
 ,until su* "t1 x is ! duty ( ^? to :om 
8 "w has spok51 to be> _! te/imony4     
,o!rwise he may be condemn$ z "o :o has 
inv5t$ a %or?& ( 8 own1 & :o pa9ts      
pictures :i* _c be und]/ood by ^? :o h n
 ! key ( ! ciph]4 ,9 ! meantime also x  
is important t 8 position %\ld be       
recogniz$ z a legitimate1 almo/         
inevitable outcome ( ,po/-,impressioni/ 
t5d5cies4 ,su* is ! recognition ?is     

,introduction /rives to secure4         
,,mi*ael ,t4 ,h4 ,,sadl]    ,,ref]5ce   
,^? int]e/$ 9 ! ideas & "w ( ,k&9sky & 8
 fell[ arti/s w\ld d well to consult3   
,,d] ,,blaue ,,reit]1 vol4 i4 ,pip]     
,v]lag1 ,muni*1 #aj mk4 ,?is sumptu\s   
volume conta9s articles by ,k&9sky1     
,franz ,m>c1 ,arnold ,s*onb]g1 etc41    
toge!r ) "s musical texts & num]\s      
reproductions--"s 9 col\r--( ! "w ( !   
primitive mosaici/s1 glass-pa9t]s1 &    
sculptors1 z well z ( m mod]n arti/s f  
,greco to ,k&9sky1 ,m>c1 & _! fri5ds4 ,!
 *oice ( illu/rations gives an admirable
 idea ( ! cont9uity & /eady gr[? ( ! new
 pa9t+1 sculpture1 & music4  ,,klange4  
,by ,wassily ,k&9sky4 ,pip] ,v]lag1     
,muni*1 #cj mk4 ,a mo/ beautifully      
produc$ book ( prose-poems1 ) a l>ge    
numb] ( illu/rations1 _m 9 col\r4 ,?is  
is ,k&9sky's mo/ rec5t "w4  ,also ! back
 & curr5t numb]s ( ,d] ,/urm1 a weekly  
pap] publi%$ 9 ,b]l9 9 ! def5ce ( ! new 
art4 ,illu/rations by ,m>c1 ,pe*/e91 le 
,fauconni]1 ,delaunay1 ,k&9sky1 etc4    

,also poems & critical articles4 ,price 
p] weekly numb] #be pfg4 ,d] ,/urm has 9
 prep>ation an album ( reproductions (  
pictures & draw+s by ,k&9sky4  ,=       
,cubism cf4 ,gleizes et ,metz+]1 du     
,cubisme1 & ,guillaume ,apoll9aire1 ,les
 ,pe9tres ,cubi/es4 ,collection ,les    
,arts4 ,p>is1 ,figui]e1 p] vol4 #c fr4  
#ej c4     ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,! ,,memory  
,,( ,,elisabe? ,,ti*ejeff     ,,"p #a3  
,,ab\t ,,g5]al ,,ae/hetic    ,i4        
,,introduction    ,e "w ( art is ! *ild 
( its age &1 9 _m cases1 ! "m ( our     
emotions4 ,x foll[s t ea* p]iod (       
culture produces an art ( its own :i* c 
nev] be repeat$4 ,ef=ts to revive !     
art-pr9ciples ( ! pa/ w at be/ produce  
an art t is /ill-born4 ,x is impossible 
= u to live & feel1 z did ! anci5t      
,greeks4 ,9 ! same way ^? :o /rive to   
foll[ ! ,greek me?ods 9 sculpture a*ieve
 only a simil>ity ( =m1 ! "w rema9+     
s\lless = all "t4 ,su* imitation is m]e 
ap+4 ,ext]nally ! monkey completely     
resembles a human be+2 he w sit hold+ a 

book 9 front ( 8 nose1 & turn ov] !     
pages ) a ?\ghtful aspect1 b 8 actions h
 = him no real mean+4  ,!re is1 h[ev]1 9
 art ano!r k9d ( ext]nal simil>ity :i*  
is f\nd$ on a fundam5tal tru?4 ,:5 !re  
is a simil>ity ( inn] t5d5cy 9 ! :ole   
moral & spiritual atmosph]e1 a simil>ity
 ( ideals1 at fir/ closely pursu$ b lat]
 lo/ to sight1 a simil>ity 9 ! inn]     
feel+ ( any "o p]iod to t ( ano!r1 !    
logical result w be a revival ( !       
ext]nal =ms :i* s]v$ to express ^? inn] 
feel+s 9 an e>li] age4 ,an example ( ?is
 today is our sympa?y1 our spiritual    
relation%ip1 ) ! ,primitives4 ,l        
ourselves1 ^! arti/s s\ght to express 9 
_! "w only int]nal tru?s1 r5\nc+ 9      
consequ5ce all consid]ation ( ext]nal   
=m4  ,?is all-important sp>k ( inn] life
 today is at pres5t only a sp>k4 ,our   
m9ds1 :i* are ev5 n[ only j awak5+ aft] 
ye>s ( mat]ialism1 are infect$ ) !      
despair ( unbelief1 ( lack ( purpose &  
ideal4 ,! nightm>e ( mat]ialism1 :i* has
 turn$ ! life ( ! univ]se into an evil1 

useless game1 is n yet pa/2 x holds !   
awak5+ s\l /ill 9 its grip4 ,only a     
feeble light glimm]s l a t9y /> 9 a va/ 
gulf ( d>kness4 ,?is feeble light is b a
 pres5tim5t1 & ! s\l1 :5 x sees x1      
trembles 9 d\bt :e!r ! light is n a     
dream1 & ! gulf ( d>kness reality4 ,?is 
d\bt1 & ! /ill h>% tyranny ( !          
mat]iali/ic philosophy1 divide our s\l  
%>ply f t ( ! ,primitives4 ,our s\l r+s 
crack$ :5 we seek to play ^u x1 z does a
 co/ly vase1 long buri$ 9 ! e>?1 :i* is 
f\nd to h a flaw :5 x is dug up once m4 
,= ?is reason1 ! ,primitive phase1 ?r\gh
 :i* we are n[ pass+1 ) its tempor>y    
simil>ity ( =m1 c only be ( %ort        
duration4  ,^! two possible resemblances
 betwe5 ! art =ms ( today & ^? ( ! pa/ w
 be at once recogniz$ z diametrically   
oppos$ to "o ano!r4 ,! fir/1 be+ purely 
ext]nal1 has no future4 ,! second1 be+  
int]nal1 conta9s ! se$ ( ! future )9    
itself4 ,aft] ! p]iod ( mat]iali/ ef=t1 
:i* held ! s\l 9 *eck until x 0 %ak5 (f 
z evil1 ! s\l is em]g+1 purg$ by trials 

& suff]+s4 ,%apeless emotions su* z fe>1
 joy1 grief1 etc41 :i* belong$ to ?is "t
 ( ef=t1 w no long] greatly attract !   
arti/4 ,he w endeav\r to awake subtl]   
emotions1 z yet unnam$4 ,liv+ himself a 
complicat$ & comp>atively subtle life1 8
 "w w give to ^? obs]v]s capable ( feel+
 !m l(ty emotions beyond ! rea* ( words4
  ,! obs]v] ( today1 h[ev]1 is seldom   
capable ( feel+ su* emotions4 ,he seeks 
9 a "w ( art a m]e imitation ( nature   
:i* c s]ve "s def9ite purpose 7= example
 a portrait 9 ! ord9>y s5se7 or a       
pres5tm5t ( nature accord+ to a c]ta9   
conv5tion 7impressioni/ pa9t+71 or "s   
inn] feel+ express$ 9 t]ms ( natural =m 
7z we say--a picture ) ,/immung7        
,footnote3 ,/immung is almo/            
untranslateable4 ,x is almo/ s5tim5t 9 !
 be/ s5se1 & almo/ feel+4 ,_m ( ,corot's
 twilight l&scapes are full ( a         
beautiful ,/immung4 ,k&9sky uses ! ^w   
lat] on to mean ! ess5tial _s (         
nature4--,m4,t4,h4,s4 ,all ^? v>ieties (
 picture1 :5 !y are really art1 fulfil  

_! purpose & fe$ ! _s4 ,?\gh ?is applies
 to ! fir/ case1 x applies m /rongly to 
! ?ird1 :]e ! spectator does feel a     
correspond+ ?rill 9 himself4 ,su* h>mony
 or ev5 contra/ ( emotion _c be         
sup]ficial or wor?less2 inde$ ! ,/immung
 ( a picture c deep5 & purify t ( !     
spectator4 ,su* works ( art at lea/     
pres]ve ! s\l f co>s5ess2 !y key x up1 s
 to speak1 to a c]ta9 height1 z a       
tun+-key ! /r+s ( a musical in/rum5t4 ,b
 purification1 & ext5sion 9 duration &  
size ( ?is sympa?y ( s\l1 rema9 "o-sid$1
 & ! possibilities ( ! influ5ce ( art   
are n ex]t$ to _! utmo/4  ,imag9e a     
build+ divid$ into _m rooms4 ,! build+  
may be l>ge or small4 ,e wall ( e room  
is cov]$ ) pictures ( v>i\s sizes2      
p]haps !y numb] _m ?\s&s4 ,!y repres5t 9
 col\r bits ( nature--animals 9 sunlight
 or %ad[1 dr9k+1 /&+ 9 wat]1 ly+ on !   
grass2 ne> to1 a ,crucifixion by a pa9t]
 :o does n believe 9 ,*ri/2 fl[]s2 human
 figures sitt+1 /&+1 walk+2 (t5 !y are  
nak$2 _m nak$ wom51 se5 =e%ort5$ f      

beh9d2 apples & silv] di%es2 portrait ( 
,c\ncillor ,s & ,s2 sunset2 lady 9 r$2  
fly+ duck2 portrait ( ,lady ,x2 fly+    
geese2 lady 9 :ite2 calves 9 %ad[ fleck$
 ) brilliant yell[ sunlight2 portrait ( 
,pr9ce ,y2 lady 9 gre54 ,all ?is is     
c>efully pr9t$ 9 a book--"n ( arti/--"n 
( picture4 ,p ) ^! books 9 _! h&s g f   
wall to wall1 turn+ ov] pages1 read+ !  
names4 ,!n !y g away1 nei!r ri*] nor    
poor] ?an :5 !y came1 & are absorb$ at  
once 9 _! bus9ess1 :i* has no?+ to d )  
art4 ,:y did !y come8 ,9 ea* picture is 
a :ole lifetime imprison$1 a :ole       
lifetime ( fe>s1 d\bts1 hopes1 & joys4  
,:i!r is ?is lifetime t5d+8 ,:at is !   
message ( ! compet5t arti/8 ,to s5d     
light into ! d>kness ( m5's he>ts--su*  
is ! duty ( ! arti/1 said ,s*umann4 ,an 
arti/ is a man :o c draw & pa9t ev]y?+1 
said ,tol/oi4  ,( ^! two def9itions ( ! 
arti/'s activity we mu/ *oose ! second1 
if we ?9k ( ! exhibition j describ$4 ,on
 "o canvas is a huddle ( objects pa9t$ )
 v>y+ degrees ( skill1 virtuosity &     

vig\r1 h>%ly or smoo?ly4 ,to h>monize ! 
:ole is ! task ( art4 ,) cold eyes &    
indiff]5t m9d ! spectators reg>d ! "w4  
,connoisseurs admire ! skill 7z "o      
admires a tightrope walk]71 enjoy !     
quality ( pa9t+ 7z "o enjoys a pa/y74 ,b
 hungry s\ls g hungry away4  ,! vulg>   
h]d /roll ?r\gh ! rooms & pron\nce !    
pictures nice or spl5did4 ,^? :o c\ld   
speak h said no?+1 ^? :o c\ld he> h he>d
 no?+4 ,?is condition ( art is call$ art
 = art's sake4 ,?is neglect ( inn]      
mean+s1 :i* is ! life ( col\rs1 ?is va9 
squ&]+ ( arti/ic p[] is call$ art =     
art's sake4  ,! arti/ seeks = mat]ial   
rew>d = 8 dext]ity1 8 p[] ( vision &    
exp]i5ce4 ,8 purpose becomes !          
satisfaction ( vanity & gre$4 ,9 place (
 ! /eady co-op]ation ( arti/s is a      
scramble = good ?+s4 ,!re are compla9ts 
( excessive competition1 (              
ov]-production4 ,hatr$1 p>tisan%ip1     
cliques1 jeal\sy1 intrigues are !       
natural consequ5ces ( ?is aimless1      
mat]iali/ art4  ,footnote3 ,! few       

solit>y exceptions d n de/roy ! tru? (  
?is sad & om9\s picture1 & ev5 ^!       
exceptions are *iefly believ]s 9 !      
doctr9e ( art = art's sake4 ,!y s]ve1   
!re=e1 a high] ideal1 b "o :i* is       
ultimately a useless wa/e ( _! /r5g?4   
,ext]nal beauty is "o elem5t ( a        
spiritual atmosph]e4 ,b beyond ?is      
positive fact 7t :at is beautiful is    
good7 x has ! weakness ( a tal5t n us$  
to ! full4 7,! ^w tal5t is employ$ 9 !  
biblical s5se47  ,! onlook] turns away f
 ! arti/ :o has high] ideals & :o _c see
 8 life purpose 9 an art )\t aims4      
,sympa?y is ! education ( ! spectator f 
! po9t ( view ( ! arti/4 ,x has be5 said
 above t art is ! *ild ( its age4 ,su*  
an art c only create an arti/ic feel+   
:i* is already cle>ly felt4 ,?is art1   
:i* has no p[] = ! future1 :i* is only a
 *ild ( ! age & _c become a "m ( !      
future1 is a b>r5 art4 ,%e is transitory
 & to all int5t dies ! mom5t ! atmosph]e
 alt]s :i* n\ri%$ h]4  ,! o!r art1 t :i*
 is capable ( educat+ fur!r1 spr+s      

equally f contempor>y feel+1 b is at !  
same "t n only e*o & mirror ( x1 b also 
has a deep & p[]ful prophetic /r5g?4  ,!
 spiritual life1 to :i* art belongs & ( 
:i* %e is "o ( ! mightie/ elem5ts1 is a 
complicat$ b def9ite & easily def9able  
movem5t =w>ds & upw>ds4 ,?is movem5t is 
! movem5t ( exp]i5ce4 ,x may take       
diff]5t =ms1 b x holds at bottom to !   
same inn] ?\ght & purpose4  ,veil$ 9    
obscurity are ! causes ( ?is ne$ to move
 ev] upw>ds & =w>ds1 by sweat ( ! br[1  
?r\gh suff]+s & fe>s4 ,:5 "o /age has   
be5 accompli%$1 & _m evil /ones cle>$ f 
! road1 "s unse5 & wick$ h& scatt]s new 
ob/acles 9 ! way1 s t ! pa? (t5 seems   
block$ & totally oblit]at$4 ,b !re nev] 
fails to come to ! rescue "s human be+1 
l ourselves 9 ev]y?+ except t he has 9  
him a secret p[] ( vision4  ,he sees &  
po9ts ! way4 ,! p[] to d ?is he w\ld    
sometimes fa9 lay aside1 = x is a bitt] 
cross to be>4 ,b he _c d s4 ,scorn$ &   
hat$1 he drags aft] him ov] ! /ones !   
heavy *>iot ( a divid$ humanity1 ev]    

=w>ds & upw>ds4  ,(t51 _m ye>s aft] 8   
body has vani%$ f ! e>?1 m5 try by e    
means to recreate ?is body 9 m>ble1     
iron1 bronze1 or /one1 on an enorm\s    
scale4 ,z if !re 7 any intr9sic value 9 
! bodily exi/5ce ( su* div9e m>tyrs &   
s]vants ( humanity1 :o despis$ ! fle% & 
liv$ only = ! _s6 ,b at lea/ su* sett+  
up ( m>ble is a pro( t a great numb] (  
m5 h rea*$ ! po9t :]e once ! be+ !y w\ld
 n[ hon\r1 /ood alone4    ,,ii4 ,,!     
,,movem5t ,,( ,,! ,,triangle    ,! life 
( ! _s may be fairly repres5t$ 9 diagram
 z a l>ge acute-angl$ triangle divid$   
horizontally into unequal p>ts ) !      
n>r[e/ segm5t upp]mo/4 ,! l[] ! segm5t !
 great] x is 9 bread?1 dep?1 & area4  ,!
 :ole triangle is mov+ sl[ly1 almo/     
invisibly =w>ds & upw>ds4 ,:]e ! apex 0 
today ! second segm5t is tomorr[2 :at   
today c be und]/ood only by ! apex & to 
! re/ ( ! triangle is an incompreh5sible
 gibb]i%1 =ms tomorr[ ! true ?\ght &    
feel+ ( ! second segm5t4  ,at ! apex ( !
 top segm5t /&s (t5 "o man1 & only "o4  

,8 joyful vision cloaks a va/ sorr[4    
,ev5 ^? :o are ne>e/ to him 9 sympa?y d 
n und]/& him4 ,angrily !y abuse him z   
*>latan or madman4 ,s 9 8 lifetime /ood 
,bee?ov51 solit>y & insult$4  ,footnote3
 ,web]1 compos] ( ,d] ,freis*utz1 said (
 ,bee?ov5's ,sev5? ,symphony3 ,!        
extravagances ( g5ius h rea*$ ! limit2  
,bee?ov5 is n[ ripe = an asylum4 ,( !   
op5+ phrase1 on a reit]at$ e1 ! ,abbe   
,/adl] said to 8 neighb\r1 :5 fir/ he   
he>d x3 ,always t mis]able 'e'2 he seems
 to be deaf to x himself1 ! idiot6  ,h[ 
_m ye>s w x be be=e a great] segm5t ( ! 
triangle rea*es ! spot :]e he once /ood 
alone8 ,despite memorials & /atues1 are 
!y really _m :o h ris5 to 8 level8      
,footnote #b3 ,are n _m monum5ts 9      
!mselves answ]s to t "q8  ,9 e segm5t ( 
! triangle are arti/s4 ,ea* "o ( !m :o c
 see beyond ! limits ( 8 segm5t is a    
prophet to ^? ab\t him1 & helps !       
advance ( ! ob/9ate :ole4 ,b ^? :o are  
bl9d1 or ^? :o ret>d ! movem5t ( !      
triangle = bas] reasons1 are fully      

und]/ood by _! fell[s & acclaim$ = _!   
g5ius4 ,! great] ! segm5t 7:i* is ! same
 z say+ ! l[] x lies 9 ! triangle7 s !  
great] ! numb] :o und]/& ! words ( !    
arti/4 ,e segm5t hung]s consci\sly or1  
mu* m (t51 unconsci\sly = _! correspond+
 spiritual food4 ,?is food is (f]$ by ! 
arti/s1 & = ?is food ! segm5t imm$iately
 bel[ w tomorr[ be /ret*+ out eag] h&s4 
,?is simile ( ! triangle _c be said to  
express e aspect ( ! spiritual life4 ,= 
in/ance1 !re is nev] an absolute        
%ad[-side to ! picture1 nev] a piece (  
unreliev$ gloom4 ,ev5 too (t5 x happ5s t
 "o level ( spiritual food suffices = ! 
n\ri%m5t ( ^? :o are already 9 a high]  
segm5t4 ,b = !m ?is food is poison2 9   
small quantities x depresses _! s\ls    
gradually into a l[] segm5t2 9 l>ge     
quantities x hurls !m sudd5ly into !    
dep?s ev] l[] & l[]4 ,si5kiewicz1 9 "o (
 8 novels1 comp>es ! spiritual life to  
swimm+2 = ! man :o does n /rive         
tirelessly1 :o does n fight cont9ually  
aga9/ s9k+1 w m5tally & morally g "u4 ,9

 ?is /rait a man's tal5t 7aga9 9 !      
biblical s5se7 becomes a curse--& n only
 ! tal5t ( ! arti/1 b also ( ^? :o eat  
?is poison$ food4 ,! arti/ uses 8 /r5g? 
to flatt] 8 l[] ne$s2 9 an o/5sibly     
arti/ic =m he pres5ts :at is impure1    
draws ! weak] elem5ts to him1 mixes !m )
 evil1 betrays m5 & helps !m to betray  
!mselves1 :ile !y conv9ce !mselves &    
o!rs t !y are spiritually ?ir/y1 & t f  
?is pure spr+ !y may qu5* _! ?ir/4 ,su* 
art does n help ! =w>d movem5t1 b h9d]s 
x1 dragg+ back ^? :o are /riv+ to press 
onw>d1 & spread+ pe/il5ce abroad4  ,su* 
p]iods1 dur+ :i* art has no noble       
*ampion1 dur+ :i* ! true spiritual food 
is want+1 are p]iods ( retrogression 9 !
 spiritual _w4 ,ceaselessly s\ls fall f 
! high] to ! l[] segm5ts ( ! triangle1 &
 ! :ole seems motionless1 or ev5 to move
 d[n & backw>ds4 ,m5 attribute to ^!    
bl9d & dumb p]iods a special value1 = !y
 judge !m by outw>d results1 ?9k+ only (
 mat]ial well-be+4 ,!y hail "s te*nical 
advance1 :i* c help no?+ b ! body1 z a  

great a*ievem5t4 ,real spiritual ga9s   
are at be/ "u-valu$1 at wor/ entirely   
ignor$4  ,! solit>y vision>ies are      
despis$ or reg>d$ z abnormal & ecc5tric4
 ,^? :o are n wrapp$ 9 le?>gy & :o feel 
vague long+s = spiritual life & k &     
progress1 cry 9 h>% *orus1 )\t any to   
com=t !m4 ,! night ( ! _s falls m & m   
d>kly4 ,deep] becomes ! mis]y ( ^! bl9d 
& t]rifi$ guides1 & _! foll[]s1 torm5t$ 
& unn]v$ by fe> & d\bt1 pref] to ?is    
gradual d>k5+ ! f9al sudd5 leap into !  
blackness4  ,at su* a "t art m9i/]s to  
l[] ne$s1 & is us$ = mat]ial ends4 ,%e  
seeks h] sub/ance 9 h>d realities       
because %e kn[s ( no?+ nobl]4 ,objects1 
! reproduction ( :i* is consid]$ h] sole
 aim1 rema9 monoton\sly ! same4 ,! "q   
:at8 disappe>s f art2 only ! "q h[8     
rema9s4 ,by :at me?od are ^! mat]ial    
objects to be reproduc$8 ,! ^w becomes a
 cre$4 ,art has lo/ h] s\l4  ,9 ! se>* =
 me?od ! arti/ goes /ill fur!r4 ,art    
becomes s specializ$ z to be            
compreh5sible only to arti/s1 & !y      

compla9 bitt]ly ( public indiff]5ce to  
_! "w4 ,= s9ce ! arti/ 9 su* times has  
no ne$ to say mu*1 b only to be notori\s
 = "s small orig9ality & consequ5tly    
laud$ by a small gr\p ( patrons &       
connoisseurs 7:i* incid5tally is also a 
v pr(itable bus9ess = him71 !re arise a 
cr[d ( gift$ & skilful pa9t]s1 s easy   
does ! conque/ ( art appe>4 ,9 ea*      
arti/ic circle are ?\s&s ( su* arti/s1 (
 :om ! majority seek only = "s new      
te*nical mann]1 & :o produce millions ( 
works ( art )\t en?usiasm1 ) cold he>ts 
& s\ls asleep4  ,competition arises4 ,! 
wild battle = success becomes m & m     
mat]ial4 ,small gr\ps :o h f\ght _! way 
to ! top ( ! *aotic _w ( art &          
picture-mak+ entr5* !mselves 9 !        
t]ritory !y h won4 ,! public1 left f>   
beh9d1 looks on bewild]$1 loses int]e/ &
 turns away4  ,b despite all ?is        
confusion1 ?is *aos1 ?is wild hunt =    
notoriety1 ! spiritual triangle1 sl[ly b
 surely1 ) irresi/ible /r5g?1 moves     
onw>ds & upw>ds4  ,! invisible ,moses   

desc5ds f ! m\nta9 & sees ! dance r\nd !
 gold5 calf4 ,b he br+s ) him fre% /ores
 ( wisdom to man4  ,fir/ by ! arti/ is  
he>d 8 voice1 ! voice t is inaudible to 
! cr[d4 ,almo/ unkn[+ly ! arti/ foll[s !
 call4 ,already 9 t v "q h[8 lies a     
hidd5 se$ ( r5aissance4 ,= :5 ?is h[8   
rema9s )\t any fruitful answ]1 !re is   
always a possibility t ! same some?+    
7:i* we call p]sonality today7 may be   
able to see 9 ! objects ab\t x n only   
:at is purely mat]ial b also some?+ less
 solid2 some?+ less bodily ?an 0 se5 9 !
 p]iod ( realism1 :5 ! univ]sal aim 0 to
 reproduce any?+ z x really is & )\t    
fanta/ic imag9ation4  ,footnote3        
,frequ5t use is made "h ( ! t]ms mat]ial
 & non-mat]ial1 & ( ! int]m$iate phrases
 m or less mat]ial4 ,is ev]y?+ mat]ial8 
or is ,,ev]y?+ spiritual8 ,c !          
di/9ctions we make betwe5 matt] & _s be 
no?+ b relative modifications ( "o or ! 
o!r8 ,?\ght :i*1 al?\gh a product ( !   
_s1 c be def9$ ) positive sci5ce1 is    
matt]1 b ( f9e & n co>se sub/ance4 ,is  

:atev] _c be t\*$ ) ! h&1 spiritual8 ,! 
discussion lies beyond ! scope ( ?is    
little book2 all t matt]s "h is t !     
b\nd>ies drawn %\ld n be too def9ite4   
,if ! emotional p[] ( ! arti/ c ov]:elm 
! h[8 & c give free scope to 8 f9]      
feel+s1 !n art is on ! cre/ ( ! road by 
:i* %e w n fail lat] on to f9d ! :at %e 
has lo/1 ! :at :i* w %[ ! way to !      
spiritual food ( ! newly awak5$         
spiritual life4 ,?is :at8 w no long] be 
! mat]ial1 objective :at ( ! =m] p]iod1 
b ! int]nal tru? ( art1 ! s\l )\t :i* ! 
body 7i4e4 ! h[7 c nev] be heal?y1 :e!r 
9 an individual or 9 a :ole p4  ,,?is   
,,:at ,,is ,,! ,,int]nal ,,tru? ,,:i*   
,,only ,,art ,,c ,,div9e1 ,,:i* ,,only  
,,art ,,c ,,express ,,by ,,^? ,,means   
,,( ,,expression ,,:i* ,,are ,,h]s      
,,alone4    ,,iii4 ,,spiritual          
,,revolution    ,! spiritual triangle   
moves sl[ly onw>ds & upw>ds4 ,today "o (
 ! l>ge/ ( ! l[] segm5ts has rea*$ !    
po9t ( us+ ! fir/ battle cry ( !        
mat]iali/ cre$4 ,! dwell]s 9 ?is segm5t 

gr\p !mselves r\nd v>i\s bann]s 9       
religion4 ,!y call !mselves ,jews1      
,ca?olics1 ,prote/ants1 etc4 ,b !y are  
really a!i/s1 & ?is a few ei!r ( !      
bolde/ or ! n>r[e/ op5ly av[4 ,heav5 is 
empty1 ,god is dead4 ,9 politics ^! p   
are democrats & republicans4 ,! fe>1    
horror & hatr$ :i* ye/]day !y felt = ^! 
political cre$s !y n[ direct aga9/      
an>*ism1 ( :i* !y "k no?+ b its mu*     
dread$ "n4  ,9 economics ^! p are       
,sociali/s4 ,!y make %>p ! sword (      
ju/ice ) :i* to slay ! hydra (          
capitalism & to hew (f ! head ( evil4   
,because ! inhabitants ( ?is great      
segm5t ( ! triangle h nev] solv$ any    
problem indep5d5tly1 b are dragg$ z x 7 
9 a c>t by ^? ! noble/ ( _! fell[m5 :o h
 sacrific$ !mselves1 !y "k no?+ ( !     
vital impulse ( life :i* !y reg>d always
 vaguely f a great di/ance4 ,!y rate ?is
 impulse lightly1 putt+ _! tru/ 9       
purposeless !ory & 9 ! work+ ( "s       
logical me?od4  ,! m5 ( ! segm5t next   
bel[ are dragg$ sl[ly high]1 bl9dly1 by 

^? j describ$4 ,b !y cl+ to _! old      
position1 full ( dread ( ! unkn[n & (   
betrayal4 ,! high] segm5ts are n only   
bl9d a!i/s b c ju/ify _! godlessness )  
/range words2 = example1 ^? ( ,vir*[--s 
unwor?y ( a le>n$ man--,i h dissect$ _m 
corpses1 b nev] yet discov]$ a s\l 9 any
 ( !m4  ,9 politics !y are g5]ally      
republican1 ) a k ( diff]5t p>liam5t>y  
proc$ures2 !y read ! political lead+    
articles 9 ! newspap]s4 ,9 economics !y 
are sociali/s ( v>i\s grades1 & c       
support _! pr9ciples ) num]\s           
quotations1 pass+ f ,s*weitz]'s ,,emma  
via ,lasalle's ,,iron ,,law ,,( ,,wages1
 to ,m>x's ,,capital1 & /ill fur!r4  ,9 
^! l(ti] segm5ts o!r categories ( ideas1
 abs5t 9 ^! j describ$1 beg9 gradually  
to appe>--sci5ce & art1 to :i* la/      
belong also lit]ature & music4  ,9      
sci5ce ^! m5 are positivi/s1 only       
recogniz+ ^? ?+s t c be weigh$ &        
measur$4 ,any?+ beyond t !y consid] z r 
discr$itable nons5se1 t same nons5se    
ab\t :i* !y held ye/]day ! !ories t     

today are prov54  ,9 art !y are         
naturali/s1 :i* means t !y recognize &  
value ! p]sonality1 individuality &     
temp]am5t ( ! arti/ up to a c]ta9       
def9ite po9t4 ,?is po9t has be5 fix$ by 
o!rs1 & 9 x !y believe unfl9*+ly4  ,b   
despite _! pat5t & well-ord]$ security1 
despite _! infallible pr9ciples1 !re    
lurks 9 ^! high] segm5ts a hidd5 fe>1 a 
n]v\s trembl+1 a s5se ( insecurity4 ,&  
?is is due to _! upbr++4 ,!y "k t !     
sages1 /atesm5 & arti/s :om today !y    
rev]e1 7 ye/]day spurn$ z sw9dl]s &     
*>latans4 ,& ! high] ! segm5t 9 !       
triangle1 ! bett] def9$ is ?is fe>1 ?is 
mod]n s5se ( insecurity4 ,"h & !re are p
 ) eyes :i* c see1 m9ds :i* c correlate4
 ,!y say to !mselves3 ,if ! sci5ce ( !  
day be=e ye/]day is reject$ by ! p (    
ye/]day1 & t ( ye/]day by u ( today1 is 
x n possible t :at we call sci5ce n[ w  
be reject$ by ! m5 ( tomorr[8 ,& !      
brave/ ( !m answ]1 ,x is possible4  ,!n 
p appe> :o c di/+ui% ^? problems t !    
sci5ce ( today has n yet expla9$4 ,& !y 

ask !mselves3 ,w sci5ce1 if x cont9ues  
on ! road x has foll[$ = s long1 ev]    
atta9 to ! solution ( ^! problems8 ,& if
 x does s atta91 w m5 be able to rely on
 its solution8 ,9 ^! segm5ts are also   
pr(essional m5 ( le>n+ :o c rememb] ! "t
 :5 facts n[ recogniz$ by ! ,academies z
 firmly e/abli%$1 7 scorn$ by ^? same   
,academies4 ,!re are also philosoph]s ( 
ae/hetic :o write pr(\nd books ab\t an  
art :i* 0 ye/]day condemn$ z nons5se4 ,9
 writ+ ^! books !y remove ! b>ri]s ov]  
:i* art has mo/ rec5tly /epp$ & set up  
new ones :i* are to rema9 = ev] 9 !     
places !y h *os54 ,!y d n notice t !y   
are busy erect+ b>ri]s1 n 9 front ( art1
 b beh9d x4 ,& if !y d notice ?is1 on ! 
morr[ !y m]ely write fre% books & ha/ily
 set _! b>ri]s a little fur!r on4 ,?is  
p]=mance w g on unalt]$ until x is      
realiz$ t ! mo/ extreme pr9ciple (      
ae/hetic c nev] be ( value to ! future1 
b only to ! pa/4 ,no su* !ory ( pr9ciple
 c be laid d[n = ^? ?+s :i* lie beyond1 
9 ! realm ( ! immat]ial4 ,t :i* has no  

mat]ial exi/5ce _c be subject$ to a     
mat]ial classification4 ,t :i* belongs  
to ! _s ( ! future c only be realiz$ 9  
feel+1 & to ?is feel+ ! tal5t ( ! arti/ 
is ! only road4 ,!ory is ! lamp :i* %$s 
light on ! petrifi$ ideas ( ye/]day & ( 
! m di/ant pa/4 ,footnote3 ,cf4 ,*apt]  
,,vii4 ,& z we rise high] 9 ! triangle  
we f9d t ! uneas9ess increases1 z a city
 built on ! mo/ correct ar*itectural    
plan may be %ak5 sudd5ly by !           
uncontrollable =ce ( nature4 ,humanity  
is liv+ 9 su* a spiritual city1 subject 
to ^! sudd5 di/urbances = :i* nei!r     
ar*itects nor ma!maticians h made       
all[ance4 ,9 "o place lies a great wall 
crumbl$ to pieces l a c>d h\se1 9 ano!r 
are ! ru9s ( a huge t[] :i* once /ret*$ 
to heav51 built on _m presumably        
immortal spiritual pill>s4 ,! ab&on$    
*ur*y>d quakes & =gott5 graves op5 & f  
!m rise =gott5 gho/s4 ,spots appe> on ! 
sun & ! sun gr[s d>k1 & :at !ory c fight
 ) d>kness8 ,& 9 ?is city live also m5  
deaf5$ by false wisdom :o he> no cra%1 &

 bl9d$ by false wisdom1 s t !y say our  
sun w %9e m brightly ?an ev] & soon !   
la/ spots w disappe>4 ,b sometime ev5 ^!
 m5 w he> & see4  ,b :5 we get /ill     
high] !re is no long] ?is bewild]m5t4   
,!re "w is go+ on :i* boldly attacks ^? 
pill>s :i* m5 h set up4 ,!re we f9d o!r 
pr(essional m5 ( le>n+ :o te/ matt] aga9
 & aga91 :o tremble be=e no problem1 &  
:o f9ally ca/ d\bt on t v matt] :i* 0   
ye/]day ! f\ndation ( ev]y?+1 s t ! :ole
 univ]se is %ak54 ,e day ano!r sci5tific
 !ory f9ds bold discov]]s :o ov]/ep !   
b\nd>ies ( prophecy &1 =getful (        
!mselves1 jo9 ! o!r soldi]s 9 ! conque/ 
( "s new summit & 9 ! hopeless attack on
 "s /ubborn =tress4 ,b !re is no =tress 
t man _c ov]come4  ,on ! "o h&1 ,,facts 
are be+ e/abli%$ :i* ! sci5ce ( ye/]day 
dubb$ sw9dles4 ,ev5 newspap]s1 :i* are =
 ! mo/ "p ! mo/ obsequi\s s]vants (     
worldly success & ( ! mob1 & :i* trim _!
 sails to e w9d1 f9d !mselves compell$  
to modify _! ironical judgem5ts on !    
m>vels ( sci5ce & ev5 to ab&on !m       

altoge!r4 ,v>i\s le>n$ m51 among !m     
ultra-mat]iali/s1 d$icate _! /r5g? to ! 
sci5tific rese>* ( d\btful problems1 :i*
 c no long] be li$ ab\t or pass$ ov] 9  
sil5ce4 ,footnote3 ,zoll]1 ,wagn]1      
,butl](f 7,/4 ,pet]sburg71 ,crookes     
7,london71 etc42 lat] on1 ,c4 ,h4       
,ri*et1 ,c4 ,flamm>ion4 ,! ,p>isian pap]
 ,le ,mat91 publi%$ ab\t two ye>s ago ! 
discov]ies ( ! two la/ nam$ "u ! title  
,je le con/ate1 mais je ne l'explique   
pas4 ,f9ally !re are ,c4 ,lombroso1 !   
inv5tor ( ! an?ropological me?od (      
diagnos+ crime1 & ,eusapio ,pallad9o4   
,on ! o!r h&1 ! numb] is increas+ ( ^?  
m5 :o put no tru/ 9 ! me?ods (          
mat]iali/ic sci5ce :5 x deals ) ^?      
que/ions :i* h to d ) non-matt]1 or     
matt] :i* is n accessible to our m9ds4  
,j z art is look+ = help f ! primitives1
 s ^! m5 are turn+ to half-=gott5 times 
9 ord] to get help f _! half-=gott5     
me?ods4 ,h[ev]1 ^! v me?ods are /ill    
alive & 9 use among nations :om we1 f ! 
height ( our k1 h be5 accu/om$ to reg>d 

) pity & scorn4 ,to su* nations belong !
 ,indians1 :o f "t to "t confront ^?    
le>n$ 9 our civilization ) problems :i* 
we h ei!r pass$ by unnotic$ or bru%$    
aside ) sup]ficial words & explanations4
 ,footnote3 ,frequ5tly 9 su* cases use  
is made ( ! ^w hypnotism2 t same        
hypnotism :i*1 9 its e>li] =m (         
mesm]ism1 0 disda9fully put aside by    
v>i\s le>n$ bodies4 ,mme4 ,blavatsky 0 !
 fir/ p]son1 aft] a life ( _m ye>s 9    
,india1 to see a connection betwe5 ^!   
savages & our civilization4 ,f t mom5t  
!re began a trem5d\s spiritual movem5t  
:i* today includes a l>ge numb] ( p &   
has ev5 assum$ a mat]ial =m 9 !         
,,!osophical ,,society4 ,?is society    
consi/s ( gr\ps :o seek to approa* !    
problem ( ! _s by way ( ! ,,inn] k4 ,!  
!ory ( ,!osophy :i* s]ves z ! basis to  
?is movem5t 0 set out by ,blavatsky 9 ! 
=m ( a cate*ism 9 :i* ! pupil receives  
def9ite answ]s to 8 que/ions f !        
!osophical po9t ( view4 ,footnote3 ,e4  
,p4 ,blavatsky1 ,! ,key ( ,!osophy1     

,london1 #ahhi4 ,!osophy1 accord+ to    
,blavatsky1 is synonym\s ) ,,et]nal     
,,tru?4 ,! new tor*be>] ( tru? w f9d !  
m9ds ( m5 prep>$ = 8 message1 a language
 ready = him 9 :i* to clo! ! new tru?s  
he br+s1 an organization await+ 8       
arrival1 :i* w remove ! m]ely me*anical1
 mat]ial ob/acles & difficulties f 8    
pa?4 ,& !n ,blavatsky cont9ues3 ,! e>? w
 be a heav5 9 ! tw5ty-fir/ c5tury 9     
comp>ison ) :at x is n[1 & ) ^! words   
ends h] book4  ,:5 religion1 sci5ce &   
morality are %ak51 ! two la/ by ! /rong 
h& ( ,nietzs*e1 & :5 ! out] supports    
?reat5 to fall1 man turns 8 gaze f      
ext]nals 9 on to himself4 ,lit]ature1   
music & art are ! fir/ & mo/ s5sitive   
sph]es 9 :i* ?is spiritual revolution   
makes itself felt4 ,!y reflect ! d>k    
picture ( ! pres5t "t & %[ ! importance 
( :at at fir/ 0 only a little po9t (    
light notic$ by few & = ! great majority
 non-exi/5t4 ,p]haps !y ev5 gr[ d>k 9 _!
 turn1 b on ! o!r h& !y turn away f !   
s\lless life ( ! pres5t t[>ds ^?        

sub/ances & ideas :i* give free scope to
 ! non-mat]ial /riv+s ( ! s\l4  ,a poet 
( ?is k9d 9 ! realm ( lit]ature is      
,maet]l9ck4 ,he takes u into a _w :i*1  
rightly or wrongly1 we t]m sup]natural4 
,la ,pr9cesse ,male9e1 ,les ,sept       
,pr9cesses1 ,les ,aveugles1 etc41 are n 
p ( pa/ times z are ! h]oes 9           
,%akespe>e4 ,!y are m]ely s\ls lo/ 9 !  
cl\ds1 ?reat5$ by !m ) dea?1 et]nally   
m5ac$ by "s invisible & sombre p[]4     
,spiritual d>kness1 ! insecurity (      
ignorance & fe> p]vade ! _w 9 :i* !y    
move4 ,maet]l9ck is p]haps "o ( ! fir/  
prophets1 "o ( ! fir/ arti/ic re=m]s &  
se]s to h]ald ! end ( ! decad5ce j      
describ$4 ,! gloom ( ! spiritual        
atmosph]e1 ! t]rible1 b all-guid+ h&1 ! 
s5se ( utt] fe>1 ! feel+ ( hav+ /ray$ f 
! pa?1 ! confusion among ! guides1 all  
^! are cle>ly felt 9 8 works4,footnote3 
,to ! front tank ( su* se]s ( ! decad5ce
 belongs also ,alfr$ ,kub94 ,)          
irresi/ible =ce bo? ,kub9's draw+s &    
also 8 novel ,die ,&]e ,seite seem to   

engulf u 9 ! t]rible atmosph]e ( empty  
desolation4  ,?is atmosph]e ,maet]l9ck  
creates pr9cipally by purely arti/ic    
means4 ,8 mat]ial ma*9]y 7gloomy        
m\nta9s1 moonlight1 m>%es1 w9d1 ! cries 
( owls1 etc47 plays really a symbolic   
role & helps to give  ! inn] note4      
,footnote3 ,:5 "o ( ,maet]l9ck's plays 0
 produc$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg "u 8 own      
guidance1 he himself at "o ( ! rehe>sals
 _h a t[] repres5t$ by a pla9 piece (   
hang+ l954 ,x 0 ( no importance to him  
to h elaborate sc5]y prep>$4 ,he did z  
*ildr51 ! greate/ imag9]s ( all "t1     
always d 9 _! games2 = !y use a /ick = a
 horse or create entire regim5ts (      
cavalry out ( *alks4 ,& 9 ! same way a  
*alk ) a not* 9 x is *ang$ f a knight   
into a horse4 ,on simil> l9es !         
imag9ation ( ! spectator plays 9 ! mod]n
 !atre1 & especially 9 t ( ,russia1 an  
important "p4 ,& ?is is a notable elem5t
 9 ! transition f ! mat]ial to !        
spiritual 9 ! !atre ( ! future4         
,maet]l9ck's pr9cipal te*nical weapon is

 8 use ( words4 ,! ^w may express an    
inn] h>mony4 ,?is inn] h>mony spr+s     
p>tly1 p]haps pr9cipally1 f ! object :i*
 x names4 ,b if ! object is n itself    
se51 b only its "n he>d1 ! m9d ( ! he>] 
receives an ab/ract impression only1 t  
is to say z ( ! object demat]ializ$1 & a
 correspond+ vibration is imm$iately set
 up 9 ! ,,he>t4  ,! apt use ( a ^w 79   
its poetical mean+71 repetition ( ?is   
^w1 twice1 ?ree times or ev5 m          
frequ5tly1 accord+ to ! ne$ ( ! poem1 w 
n only t5d to int5sify ! inn] h>mony b  
also br+ to light unsuspect$ spiritual  
prop]ties ( ! ^w itself4 ,fur!r ?an t1  
frequ5t repetition ( a ^w 7aga9 a       
fav\rite game ( *ildr51 :i* is =gott5 9 
aft] life7 deprives ! ^w ( its orig9al  
ext]nal mean+4 ,simil>ly1 9 draw+1 !    
ab/ract message ( ! object drawn t5ds to
 be =gott5 & its mean+ lo/4 ,sometimes  
p]haps we unconsci\sly he> ?is real     
h>mony s\nd+ toge!r ) ! mat]ial or lat] 
on ) ! non-mat]ial s5se ( ! object4 ,b 9
 ! latt] case ! true h>mony ex]cises a  

direct impression on ! s\l4 ,! s\l      
und]goes an emotion :i* has no relation 
to any def9ite object1 an emotion m     
complicat$1 ,i might say m sup]-s5su\s  
?an ! emotion caus$ by ! s\nd ( a bell  
or ( a /r+$ in/rum5t4 ,?is l9e (        
developm5t (f]s great possibilities to !
 lit]ature ( ! future4 ,9 an embryonic  
=m ?is ^w-p[]-has already be5 us$ 9     
,,s]res ,,*audes4 ,footnote3 ,,s]res    
,,*audes1 ,,suivies ,,de ,,qu9ze        
,,*ansons1 p> ,maurice ,maet]l9ck4      
,brussels4 ,lacomblez4 ,z ,maet]l9ck    
uses !m1 words :i* seem at fir/ to      
create only a neutral impression h      
really a m subtle value4 ,ev5 a famili> 
^w l hair1 if us$ 9 a c]ta9 way c       
int5sify an atmosph]e ( sorr[ or        
despair4 ,& ?is is ,maet]l9ck's me?od4  
,he %[s t ?und]1 lightn+ & a moon beh9d 
driv+ cl\ds1 9 !mselves mat]ial means1 c
 be us$ 9 ! !atre to create a great]    
s5se ( t]ror ?an !y d 9 nature4  ,! true
 inn] =ces d n lose _! /r5g? & effect s 
easily4 ,footnote3 ,a comp>ison betwe5 !

 "w ( ,poe & ,maet]l9ck %[s ! c\rse (   
arti/ic transition f ! mat]ial to !     
ab/ract4 ,an ! ^w :i* has two mean+s1 ! 
fir/ direct1 ! second indirect1 is !    
pure mat]ial ( poetry & ( lit]ature1 !  
mat]ial :i* ^! arts alone c manipulate &
 ?r\gh :i* !y speak to ! _s4  ,some?+   
simil> may be notic$ 9 ! music ( ,wagn]4
 ,8 fam\s leitmotiv is an attempt to    
give p]sonality to 8 *>act]s by some?+  
beyond !atrical exp$i5ts & light effect4
 ,8 me?od ( us+ a def9ite motiv is a    
purely musical me?od4 ,x creates a      
spiritual atmosph]e by means ( a musical
 phrase :i* prec$es ! h]o1 :i* he seems 
to radiate =? f any di/ance4 ,footnote3 
,frequ5t attempts h %[n t su* a         
spiritual atmosph]e c belong n only to  
h]oes b to any human be+4 ,s5sitives _c1
 = example1 rema9 9 a room 9 :i* a p]son
 has be5 :o is spiritually antagoni/ic  
to !m1 ev5 ?\gh !y "k no?+ ( 8 exi/5ce4 
,! mo/ mod]n musicians l ,debussy create
 a spiritual impression1 (t5 tak5 f     
nature1 b embodi$ 9 purely musical =m4  

,= ?is reason ,debussy is (t5 class$ ) !
 ,impressioni/ pa9t]s on ! gr\nd t he   
resembles ^! pa9t]s 9 us+ natural       
ph5om5a = ! purposes ( 8 art4 ,:atev]   
tru? !re may be 9 ?is comp>ison m]ely   
acc5tuates ! fact t ! v>i\s arts ( today
 le>n f ea* o!r & (t5 resemble ea* o!r4 
,b x w\ld be ra% to say t ?is def9ition 
is an exhau/ive /atem5t ( ,debussy's    
significance4 ,despite 8 simil>ity ) !  
,impressioni/s ?is musician is deeply   
conc]n$ ) spiritual h>mony1 = 9 8 works 
"o he>s ! suff]+ & tortur$ n]ves ( !    
pres5t "t4 ,& fur!r ,debussy nev] uses !
 :olly mat]ial note s *>act]i/ic (      
programme music1 b tru/s ma9ly 9 !      
creation ( a m ab/ract impression4      
,debussy has be5 greatly influ5c$ by    
,russian music1 notably by ,mussorgsky4 
,s x is n surpris+ t he /&s 9 close     
relation to ! "y ,russian compos]s1 !   
*ief ( :om is ,scriab94 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! 
he>] is frequ5tly ! same dur+ ! p]=mance
 ( ! works ( ^! two musicians4 ,he is   
(t5 snat*$ q sudd5ly f a s]ies ( mod]n  

discords into ! *>m ( m or less         
conv5tional beauty4 ,he feels himself   
(t5 insult$1 toss$ ab\t l a t5nis ball  
ov] ! net betwe5 ! two p>ties ( ! out] &
 ! inn] beauty4 ,to ^? :o are n accu/om$
 to x ! inn] beauty appe>s z ugl9ess    
because humanity 9 g5]al incl9es to !   
out] & kn[s no?+ ( ! inn]4 ,almo/ alone 
9 sev]+ himself f conv5tional beauty is 
! ,au/rian compos]1 ,arnold ,s*onb]g4   
,he says 9 8 ,h>monielehre3 ,e          
comb9ation ( notes1 e advance is        
possible1 b ,i am beg9n+ to feel t !re  
are also def9ite rules & conditions :i* 
incl9e me to ! use ( ?is or t           
dissonance4 ,footnote3 ,die ,musik1 p4  
#ajd1 f ! ,h>monielehre 7,v]lag d]      
,univ]sal ,edition74 ,?is means t       
,s*onb]g realizes t ! greate/ fre$om (  
all1 ! fre$om ( an unfett]$ art1 c nev] 
be absolute4 ,e age a*ieves a c]ta9     
measure ( ?is fre$om1 b beyond !        
b\nd>ies ( its fre$om ! mightie/ g5ius c
 nev] g4 ,b ! measure ( fre$om ( ea* age
 mu/ be con/antly enl>g$4 ,s*onb]g is   

endeav\r+ to make complete use ( 8      
fre$om & has already discov]$ gold m9es 
( new beauty 9 8 se>* = spiritual       
h>mony4 ,8 music leads u into a realm   
:]e musical exp]i5ce is a matt] n ( ! e>
 b ( ! s\l alone--& f ?is po9t beg9s !  
music ( ! future4  ,a p>allel c\rse has 
be5 foll[$ by ! ,impressioni/ movem5t 9 
pa9t+4 ,x is se5 9 its dogmatic & mo/   
naturali/ic =m 9 s-call$                
,neo-,impressionism4 ,! !ory ( ?is is to
 put on ! canvas ! :ole glitt] &        
brilliance ( nature1 & n only an isolat$
 aspect ( h]4  ,x is int]e/+ to notice  
?ree practically contempor>y & totally  
diff]5t gr\ps 9 pa9t+4 ,!y are 7#a7     
,rossetti & 8 pupil ,burne-,jones1 ) _! 
foll[]s2 7#b7 ,bockl9 & 8 s*ool2 7#c7   
,segant9i1 ) 8 unwor?y foll[+ (         
photographic arti/s4 ,i h *os5 ^! ?ree  
gr\ps to illu/rate ! se>* = ! ab/ract 9 
art4 ,rossetti s\ght to revive !        
non-mat]ialism ( ! pre-,raphaelites4    
,bockl9 busi$ himself ) ! my?ological   
sc5es1 b 0 9 contra/ to ,rossetti 9 t he

 gave /rongly mat]ial =m to 8 leg5d>y   
figures4 ,segant9i1 outw>dly ! mo/      
mat]ial ( ! ?ree1 select$ ! mo/ ord9>y  
objects 7hills1 /ones1 cattle1 etc47 (t5
 pa9t+ !m ) ! m9ute/ realism1 b he nev] 
fail$ to create a spiritual z well z a  
mat]ial value1 s t really he is ! mo/   
non-mat]ial ( ! trio4  ,^! m5 s\ght = ! 
inn] by way ( ! out]4  ,by ano!r road1 &
 "o m purely arti/ic1 ! great seek] aft]
 a new s5se ( =m approa*$ ! same        
problem4 ,cezanne made a liv+ ?+ out ( a
 teacup1 or r 9 a teacup he realiz$ !   
exi/5ce ( some?+ alive4 ,he rais$ /ill  
life to su* a po9t t x ceas$ to be      
inanimate4  ,he pa9t$ ^! ?+s z he pa9t$ 
human be+s1 because he 0 end[$ ) ! gift 
( div9+ ! inn] life 9 ev]y?+4 ,8 col\r &
 =m are alike suitable to ! spiritual   
h>mony4 ,a man1 a tree1 an apple1 all 7 
us$ by ,cezanne 9 ! creation ( some?+ t 
is call$ a picture1 & :i* is a piece (  
true inw>d & arti/ic h>mony4 ,! same    
int5tion actuates ! "w ( "o ( ! greate/ 
( ! "y ,fr5*m51 ,h5ri ,matisse4 ,he     

pa9ts pictures1 & 9 ^! pictures         
endeav\rs to reproduce !                
div9e4,footnote3 ,cf4 8 article 9 ,,kun/
 ,,und ,,kun/l]1 #aiji1 ,no4 #h4 ,to    
atta9 ?is end he requires z a />t+ po9t 
no?+ b ! object to be pa9t$ 7human be+  
or :atev] x may be71 & !n ! me?ods t    
belong to pa9t+ alone1 col\r & =m4  ,by 
p]sonal incl9ation1 because he is ,fr5* 
& because he is specially gift$ z a     
col\ri/1 ,matisse is apt to lay too mu* 
/ress on ! col\r4 ,l ,debussy1 he _c    
always refra9 f conv5tional beauty2     
,impressionism is 9 8 blood4 ,"o sees   
pictures ( ,matisse :i* are full ( great
 inw>d vitality1 produc$ by ! /ress ( ! 
inn] ne$1 & also pictures :i* possess   
only out] *>m1 because !y 7 pa9t$ on an 
out] impulse4 7,h[ (t5 "o is rem9d$ (   
,manet 9 ?is47 ,8 "w seems to be typical
 ,fr5* pa9t+1 ) its da9ty s5se ( melody1
 rais$ f "t to "t to ! summit ( a great 
hill above ! cl\ds4  ,b 9 ! "w ( ano!r  
great arti/ 9 ,p>is1 ! ,spani>d ,pablo  
,picasso1 !re is nev] any suspicion (   

?is conv5tional beauty4 ,toss$ hi!r &   
?i!r by ! ne$ = self-expression1        
,picasso hurries f "o mann] to ano!r4   
,at times a great gulf appe>s betwe5    
consecutive mann]s1 because ,picasso    
leaps boldly & is f\nd cont9ually by 8  
bewild]$ cr[d ( foll[]s /&+ at a po9t v 
diff]5t f t at :i* !y saw him la/4 ,no  
soon] d !y ?9k t !y h rea*$ him aga9 ?an
 he has *ang$ once m4 ,9 ?is way !re    
arose ,cubism1 ! late/ ( ! ,fr5*        
movem5ts1 :i* is treat$ 9 detail 9 ,"p  
,,ii4 ,picasso is try+ to arrive at     
con/ructiv5ess by way ( proportion4 ,9 8
 late/ works 7#aiaa7 he has a*iev$ !    
logical de/ruction ( matt]1 n1 h[ev]1 by
 dissolution b r by a k9d ( a p>cell+   
out ( its v>i\s divisions & a           
con/ructive scatt]+ ( ^! divisions ab\t 
! canvas4 ,b he seems 9 ?is mo/ rec5t "w
 di/9ctly desir\s ( keep+ an appe>ance (
 matt]4 ,he %r9ks f no innovation1 & if 
col\r seems likely to balk him 9 8 se>* 
= a pure arti/ic =m1 he ?r[s x ov]bo>d &
 pa9ts a picture 9 br[n & :ite2 & !     

problem ( purely arti/ic =m is ! real   
problem ( 8 life4  ,9 _! pursuit ( !    
same supreme end ,matisse & ,picasso /& 
side by side1 ,matisse repres5t+ col\r &
 ,picasso =m4    ,,iv4 ,,! ,,pyramid    
,& s at diff]5t po9ts along ! road are !
 diff]5t arts1 say+ :at !y are be/ able 
to say1 & 9 ! language :i* is peculi>ly 
_! own4 ,despite1 or p]haps ?anks to1 ! 
diff]5ces betwe5 !m1 !re has nev] be5 a 
"t :5 ! arts approa*$ ea* o!r m ne>ly   
?an !y d today1 9 ?is lat] phase (      
spiritual developm5t4  ,9 ea*           
manife/ation is ! se$ ( a /riv+ t[>ds ! 
ab/ract1 ! non-mat]ial4 ,consci\sly or  
unconsci\sly !y are obey+ ,socrates'    
comm&--,"k ?yself4 ,consci\sly or       
unconsci\sly arti/s are /udy+ & prov+ _!
 mat]ial1 sett+ 9 ! balance ! spiritual 
value ( ^? elem5ts1 ) :i* x is _! sev]al
 privilege to "w4  ,& ! natural result (
 ?is /riv+ is t ! v>i\s arts are draw+  
toge!r4 ,!y are f9d+ 9 ,music ! be/     
tea*]4 ,) few exceptions music has be5 =
 "s c5turies ! art :i* has devot$ itself

 n to ! reproduction ( natural ph5om5a1 
b r to ! expression ( ! arti/'s s\l1 9  
musical s\nd4  ,a pa9t]1 :o f9ds no     
satisfaction 9 m]e repres5tation1 h[ev] 
arti/ic1 9 8 long+ to express 8 inn]    
life1 _c b envy ! ease ) :i* music1 !   
mo/ non-mat]ial ( ! arts today1 a*ieves 
?is end4 ,he naturally seeks to apply ! 
me?ods ( music to 8 own art4 ,& f ?is   
results t mod]n desire = rhy?m 9 pa9t+1 
= ma!matical1 ab/ract con/ruction1 =    
repeat$ notes ( col\r1 = sett+ col\r 9  
motion4  ,?is borr[+ ( me?od by "o art f
 ano!r1 c only be truly successful :5 ! 
application ( ! borr[$ me?ods is n      
sup]ficial b fundam5tal4 ,"o art mu/    
le>n fir/ h[ ano!r uses its me?ods1 s t 
! me?ods may aft]w>ds be appli$ to !    
borr[]'s art f ! beg9n+1 & suitably4 ,! 
arti/ mu/ n =get t 9 him lies ! p[] (   
true application ( e me?od1 b t t p[]   
mu/ be develop$4  ,9 manipulation ( =m  
music c a*ieve results :i* are beyond ! 
rea* ( pa9t+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 pa9t+ is    
ahead ( music 9 sev]al p>ticul>s4       

,music1 = example1 has at its disposal  
duration ( "t2 :ile pa9t+ c pres5t to ! 
spectator ! :ole cont5t ( its message at
 "o mom5t4 ,footnote3 ,^! /atem5ts (    
diff]5ce are1 ( c\rse1 relative2 = music
 c on occasions disp5se ) ext5sion ( "t1
 & pa9t+ make use ( x4 ,music1 :i* is   
outw>dly unfett]$ by nature1 ne$s no    
def9ite =m = its expression4  ,footnote3
 ,h[ mis]ably music fails :5 attempt+ to
 express mat]ial appe>ances is prov$ by 
! affect$ absurdity ( programme music4  
,q lately su* exp]im5ts h be5 made4 ,!  
imitation 9 s\nd ( croak+ frogs1 (      
f>my>d noises1 ( h\sehold duties1 makes 
an excell5t music hall turn & is amus+  
en\gh4 ,b 9 s]i\s music su* attempts are
 m]ely w>n+s aga9/ any imitation (      
nature4 ,nature has h] own language1 & a
 p[]ful "o2 ?is language _c be imitat$4 
,! s\nd ( a f>my>d 9 music is nev]      
successfully reproduc$1 & is unnecess>y 
wa/e ( "t4 ,! ,/immung ( nature c be    
imp>t$ by e art1 n1 h[ev]1 by imitation1
 b by ! arti/ic div9ation ( its inn] _s4

  ,pa9t+ today is almo/ exclusively     
conc]n$ ) ! reproduction ( natural =ms &
 ph5om5a4 ,h] bus9ess is n[ to te/ h]   
/r5g? & me?ods1 to "k h]self z music has
 done = a long "t1 & !n to use h] p[]s  
to a truly arti/ic end4  ,& s ! arts are
 encroa*+ "o ^u ano!r1 & f a prop] use (
 ?is encroa*m5t w rise ! art t is truly 
monum5tal4 ,e man :o /eeps himself 9 !  
spiritual possibilities ( 8 art is a    
valuable help] 9 ! build+ ( ! spiritual 
pyramid :i* w "s day rea* to heav54     
,,"p ,,ii3 ,,ab\t ,,pa9t+    ,v4 ,,!    
,,psy*ological ,,work+ ,,( ,,col\r      
,to let ! eye /ray ov] a palette1 spla%$
 ) _m col\rs1 produces a dual result4 ,9
 ! fir/ place "o receives a ,,purely    
,,physical ,,impression1 "o ( pleasure &
 cont5tm5t at ! v>i$ & beautiful col\rs4
 ,! eye is ei!r w>m$ or else soo!d &    
cool$4 ,b ^! physical s5sations c only  
be ( %ort duration4 ,!y are m]ely       
sup]ficial & leave no la/+ impression1 =
 ! s\l is unaffect$4 ,b al?\gh ! effect 
( ! col\rs is =gott5 :5 ! eye is turn$  

away1 ! sup]ficial impression ( v>i$    
col\r may be ! />t+ po9t ( a :ole *a9 ( 
relat$ s5sations4  ,on ! av]age man only
 ! impressions caus$ by v famili>       
objects1 w be purely sup]ficial4 ,a fir/
 enc\nt] ) any new ph5om5on ex]cises    
imm$iately an impression on ! s\l4 ,?is 
is ! exp]i5ce ( ! *ild discov]+ ! _w1 to
 :om e object is new4 ,he sees a light1 
wi%es to take hold ( x1 burns 8 f+] &   
feels h5ce=w>d a prop] respect = flame4 
,b lat] he le>ns t light has a fri5dly z
 well z an unfri5dly side1 t x drives   
away ! d>kness1 makes ! day long]1 is   
ess5tial to w>m?1 cook+1 play-act+4 ,f !
 mass ( ^! discov]ies is compos$ a k (  
light1 :i* is indelibly fix$ 9 8 m9d4 ,!
 /rong1 int5sive int]e/ disappe>s & !   
v>i\s prop]ties ( flame are balanc$     
aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,9 ?is way ! :ole _w     
becomes gradually dis5*ant$4 ,x is      
realiz$ t trees give %ade1 t horses run 
fa/ & motor-c>s /ill fa/]1 t dogs bite1 
t ! figure se5 9 a mirror is n a real   
human be+4  ,z ! man develops1 ! circle 

( ^! exp]i5ces caus$ by diff]5t be+s &  
objects1 gr[s ev] wid]4 ,!y acquire an  
inn] mean+ & ev5tually a spiritual      
h>mony4 ,x is ! same ) col\r1 :i* makes 
only a mom5t>y & sup]ficial impression  
on a s\l b slightly develop$ 9          
s5sitiv5ess4 ,b ev5 ?is sup]ficial      
impression v>ies 9 quality4 ,! eye is   
/rongly attract$ by light1 cle> col\rs1 
& /ill m /rongly attract$ by ^? col\rs  
:i* are w>m z well z cle>2 v]milion has 
! *>m ( flame1 :i* has always attract$  
human be+s4 ,ke5 lemon-yell[ hurts ! eye
 9 "t z a prolong$ & %rill trumpet-note 
! e>1 & ! gaz] turns away to seek relief
 9 blue or gre54  ,b to a m s5sitive s\l
 ! effect ( col\rs is deep] & int5sely  
mov+4 ,& s we come to ! second ma9      
result ( look+ at col\rs3 ,,_! ,,psy*ic 
,,effect4 ,!y produce a correspond+     
spiritual vibration1 & x is only z a /ep
 t[>ds ?is spiritual vibration t !      
elem5t>y physical impression is (       
importance4  ,:e!r ! psy*ic effect (    
col\r is a direct "o1 z ^! la/ few l9es 

imply1 or :e!r x is ! outcome (         
association1 is p]haps op5 to "q4 ,! s\l
 be+ "o ) ! body1 ! =m] may well        
exp]i5ce a psy*ic %ock1 caus$ by        
association act+ on ! latt]4 ,= example1
 r$ may cause a s5sation analog\s to t  
caus$ by flame1 because r$ is ! col\r ( 
flame4 ,a w>m r$ w prove excit+1 ano!r  
%ade ( r$ w cause pa9 or disgu/ ?r\gh   
association ) runn+ blood4 ,9 ^! cases  
col\r awak5s a correspond+ physical     
s5sation1 :i* und\bt$ly works ^u ! s\l4 
,if ?is 7 always ! case1 x w\ld be easy 
to def9e by association ! effects (     
col\r ^u o!r s5ses ?an t ( sight4 ,"o   
might say t ke5 yell[ looks s\r1 because
 x recalls ! ta/e ( a lemon4  ,b su*    
def9itions are n univ]sally possible4   
,!re are _m examples ( col\r work+ :i*  
refuse to be s classifi$4 ,a ,dresd5    
doctor relates ( "o ( 8 pati5ts1 :om he 
designates z an exceptionally s5sitive  
p]son1 t he c\ld n eat a c]ta9 sauce )\t
 ta/+ blue1 i4e4 )\t exp]i5c+ a feel+ ( 
see+ a blue color4 ,footnote3 ,dr4      

,freud5b]g4 ,spaltung d] ,p]sonli*keit  
7,ub]s9nli*e ,welt4 #aijh4 ,no4 #b1 p4  
#fd-fe74 ,! au?or also discusses ! he>+ 
( col\r1 & says t "h also no rules c be 
laid d[n4 ,b cf4 ,l4 ,sabanejeff 9      
,musik1 ,mosc[1 #aiaa1 ,no4 #i1 :]e !   
imm95t possibility ( lay+ d[n a law is  
cle>ly h9t$ at4 ,x w\ld be possible to  
sugge/1 by way ( explanation ( ?is1 t 9 
highly s5sitive p1 ! way to ! s\l is s  
direct & ! s\l itself s impressionable1 
t any impression ( ta/e communicates    
itself imm$iately to ! s\l1 & !nce to ! 
o!r organs ( s5se 79 ?is case1 ! eyes74 
,?is w\ld imply an e*o or rev]b]ation1  
su* z occurs sometimes 9 musical        
in/rum5ts :i*1 )\t be+ t\*$1 s\nd 9     
h>mony ) "s o!r in/rum5t /ruck at !     
mom5t4  ,b n only ) ta/e has sight be5  
kn[n to "w 9 h>mony4 ,_m col\rs h be5   
describ$ z r\gh or /icky1 o!rs z smoo? &
 uni=m1 s t "o feels incl9$ to /roke !m 
7e4g41 d>k ultram>9e1 *romic oxide gre51
 & rose madd]74 ,equally ! di/9ction    
betwe5 w>m & cold col\rs belongs to ?is 

connection4 ,"s col\rs appe> s(t 7rose  
madd]71 o!rs h>d 7cobalt gre51 blue-gre5
 oxide71 s t ev5 fre% f ! tube !y seem  
to be dry4  ,! expression sc5t$ col\rs  
is frequ5tly met )4 ,& f9ally ! s\nd (  
col\rs is s def9ite t x w\ld be h>d to  
f9d anyone :o w\ld try to express bright
 yell[ 9 ! bass notes1 or d>k lake 9 !  
treble4  ,footnote3 ,mu* !ory & practice
 h be5 devot$ to ?is "q4 ,p h s\ght to  
pa9t 9 c\nt]po9t4 ,also unmusical *ildr5
 h be5 successfully help$ to play !     
piano by quot+ a p>allel 9 col\r 7e4g41 
( fl[]s74 ,on ^! l9es ,frau ,a4         
,sa*>j9-,unk[sky has work$ = sev]al ye>s
 & has evolv$ a me?od ( s describ+ s\nds
 by natural col\rs1 & col\rs by natural 
s\nds1 t col\r c\ld be he>d & s\nd se54 
,! sy/em has prov$ successful = sev]al  
ye>s bo? 9 ! inv5tor's own s*ool & !    
,cons]vatoire at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,f9ally
 ,scriab91 on m spiritual l9es1 has     
p>allel$ s\nd & col\rs 9 a *>t n unlike 
t ( ,frau ,unk[sky4 ,9 ,prome!us he has 
giv5 conv9c+ pro( ( 8 !ories4 7,8 *>t   

appe>$ 9 ,musik1 ,mosc[1 #aiaa1 ,no4    
#i47  ,footnote3 ,! conv]se "q1 i4e4 !  
col\r ( s\nd1 0 t\*$ ^u by ,mall>me &   
sy/ematiz$ by 8 disciple ,r5e ,ghil1 ^: 
book1 ,traite du ,v]be1 gives ! rules = 
l'in/rum5tation v]bale4--,m4,t4,h4,s4   
,! explanation by association w n       
suffice u 9 _m1 & ! mo/ important cases4
 ,^? :o h he>d ( *romo!rapy w "k t      
col\r$ light c ex]cise v def9ite        
influ5ces on ! :ole body4 ,attempts h   
be5 made ) diff]5t col\rs 9 ! treatm5t (
 v>i\s n]v\s ailm5ts4 ,!y h %[n t r$    
light /imulates & excites ! he>t1 :ile  
blue light c cause tempor>y p>alysis4 ,b
 :5 ! exp]im5ts come to be tri$ on      
animals & ev5 plants1 ! association !ory
 falls to ! gr\nd4 ,s "o is b\nd to     
admit t ! "q is at pres5t unexplor$1 b t
 col\r c ex]cise enorm\s influ5ce ov] ! 
body z a physical organism4  ,no m      
suffici5t1 9 ! psy*ic sph]e1 is ! !ory (
 association4 ,g5]ally speak+1 col\r is 
a p[] :i* directly influ5ces ! s\l4     
,col\r is ! keybo>d1 ! eyes are !       

hamm]s1 ! s\l is ! piano ) _m /r+s4 ,!  
arti/ is ! h& :i* plays1 t\*+ "o key or 
ano!r1 to cause vibrations 9 ! s\l4  ,,x
 ,,is ,,evid5t ,,!re=e ,,t ,,col\r      
,,h>mony ,,mu/ ,,re/ ,,only ,,on ,a     
,,correspond+ ,,vibration ,,9 ,,!       
,,human ,,s\l2 ,,& ,,?is ,,is ,,"o ,,(  
,,! ,,guid+ ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,! ,,inn]  
,,ne$4  ,footnote3 ,! phrase inn] ne$   
7inn]e ,notw5digkeit7 means prim>ily !  
impulse felt by ! arti/ = spiritual     
expression4 ,k&9sky is apt1 h[ev]1 to   
use ! phrase sometimes to mean n only ! 
hung] = spiritual expression1 b also !  
actual expression itself4--,m4,t4,h4,s4 
,,vi4 ,,! ,,language ,,( ,,=m ,,&       
,,col\r    ,! man t ha? no music 9      
himself1 ,nor is n mov'd ) concord (    
sweet s\nds1 ,is fit = treasons1        
/ratagems1 & spoils2 ,! motions ( 8 _s  
are dull z night1 ,& 8 affections d>k z 
,erebus3 ,let no su* man be tru/$4 ,m>k 
! music4 7,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act v1  
,sc5e ,i47  ,musical s\nd acts directly 
on ! s\l & f9ds an e*o !re because1 ?\gh

 to v>y+ ext5ts1 music is innate 9 man4 
,footnote3 ,cf4 ,e4 ,jacques-,dalcroze 9
 ,! ,eurhy?mics ( ,jacques-,dalcroze4   
,london1 ,con/able4--,m4,t4,h4,s4       
,ev]yone kn[s t yell[1 orange1 & r$     
sugge/ ideas ( joy & pl5ty 7,delacroix74
 ,footnote3 ,cf4 ,paul ,signac1         
,d',eug5e ,delacroix au                 
,neo-,impressionisme4 ,p>is4 ,fl\ry4    
,also comp>e an int]e/+ article by ,k4  
,s*ettl]3 ,notiz5 ub] die ,f>be4        
7,decorative ,kun/1 #aija1 ,febru>y74   
,^! two quotations %[ ! deep relation%ip
 betwe5 ! arts1 & especially betwe5     
music & pa9t+4 ,goe! said t pa9t+ mu/   
c\nt ?is relation%ip h] ma9 f\ndation1 &
 by ?is prophetic rem>k he seems to     
=etell ! position 9 :i* pa9t+ is today4 
,%e /&s1 9 fact1 at ! fir/ /age ( ! road
 by :i* %e w1 accord+ to h] own         
possibilities1 make art an ab/raction ( 
?\ght & arrive f9ally at purely arti/ic 
composition4 ,footnote3 ,by ,komposition
 ,k&9sky "h means1 ( c\rse1 an arti/ic  
creation4 ,he is n ref]r+ to !          

arrangem5t ( ! objects 9 a              
picture4--,m4,t4,h4,s4  ,pa9t+ has two  
weapons at h] disposal3       #a4       
,col\r4      #b4 ,=m4  ,=m c /& alone z 
repres5t+ an object 7ei!r real or       
o!rwise7 or z a purely ab/ract limit to 
a space or a surface4  ,col\r _c /&     
alone2 x _c disp5se ) b\nd>ies ( "s k9d4
 ,footnote3 ,cf4 ,a4 ,wallace ,rim+ton4 
,col\r music 7,,op4 ,,cit47 :]e         
exp]im5ts are rec\nt$ ) a col\r organ1  
:i* gives symphonies ( rapidly *ang+    
col\r )\t b\nd>ies--except ! unavoidable
 ones ( ! :ite curta9 on :i* ! col\rs   
are reflect$4--,m4,t4,h4,s4 ,a nev]-end+
 ext5t ( r$ c only be se5 9 ! m9d2 :5 ! 
^w r$ is he>d1 ! col\r is evok$ )\t     
def9ite b\nd>ies4 ,if su* are necess>y  
!y h delib]ately to be imag9$4 ,b su*   
r$1 z is se5 by ! m9d & n by ! eye1     
ex]cises at once a def9ite & an         
indef9ite impression on ! s\l1 &        
produces spiritual h>mony4 ,i say       
indef9ite1 because 9 itself x has no    
sugge/ion ( w>m? or cold1 su* attributes

 hav+ to be imag9$ = x aft]w>ds1 z      
modifications ( ! orig9al r$ness4 ,i say
 def9ite1 because ! spiritual h>mony    
exi/s )\t any ne$ = su* subsequ5t       
attributes ( w>m? or cold4 ,an analog\s 
case is ! s\nd ( a trumpet :i* "o he>s  
:5 ! ^w trumpet is pron\nc$4 ,?is s\nd  
is audible to ! s\l1 )\t ! di/9ctive "* 
( a trumpet he>d 9 ! op5 air or 9 a     
room1 play$ alone or ) o!r in/rum5ts1 9 
! h&s ( a po/ilion1 a huntsman1 a       
soldi]1 or a pr(essional musician4  ,b  
:5 r$ is pres5t$ 9 a mat]ial =m 7z 9    
pa9t+7 x mu/ possess 7#a7 "s def9ite    
%ade ( ! _m %ades ( r$ t exi/ & 7#b7 a  
limit$ surface1 divid$ (f f ! o!r       
col\rs1 :i* are und\bt$ly !re4 ,! fir/ (
 ^! conditions 7! subjective7 is affect$
 by ! second 7! objective71 = !         
neighb\r+ col\rs affect ! %ade ( r$4    
,?is ess5tial connection betwe5 col\r & 
=m br+s u to ! "q ( ! influ5ces ( =m on 
col\r4 ,=m alone1 ev5 ?\gh totally      
ab/ract & geometrical1 has a p[] ( inn] 
sugge/ion4 ,a triangle 7)\t ! accessory 

consid]ation ( its be+ acute-or         
obtuse-angl$ or equilat]al7 has a       
spiritual value ( its own4 ,9 connection
 ) o!r =ms1 ?is value may be some:at    
modifi$1 b rema9s 9 quality ! same4 ,!  
case is simil> ) a circle1 a squ>e1 or  
any conceivable geometrical figure4     
,footnote3 ,! angle at :i* ! triangle   
/&s1 & :e!r x is /ation>y or mov+1 are (
 importance to its spiritual value4 ,?is
 fact is specially wor?y ( ! pa9t]'s    
consid]ation4 ,z above1 ) ! r$1 we h "h 
a subjective sub/ance 9 an objective    
%ell4  ,! mutual influ5ce ( =m & col\r  
n[ becomes cle>4 ,a yell[ triangle1 a   
blue circle1 a gre5 squ>e1 or a gre5    
triangle1 a yell[ circle1 a blue        
squ>e--all ^! are diff]5t & h diff]5t   
spiritual values4  ,x is evid5t t _m    
col\rs are hamp]$ & ev5 nullifi$ 9      
effect by _m =ms4 ,on ! :ole1 ke5 col\rs
 are well suit$ by %>p =ms 7e4g41 a     
yell[ triangle71 & s(t1 deep col\rs by  
r\nd =ms 7e4g41 a blue circle74 ,b x mu/
 be rememb]$ t an unsuitable comb9ation 

( =m & col\r is n necess>ily discordant1
 b may1 ) manipulation1 %[ ! way to fre%
 possibilities ( h>mony4  ,s9ce col\rs &
 =ms are well-nigh innum]able1 _!       
comb9ation & _! influ5ces are likewise  
un5d+4 ,! mat]ial is inexhau/ible4  ,=m1
 9 ! n>r[ s5se1 is no?+ b ! sep>at+ l9e 
betwe5 surfaces ( col\r4 ,t is its out] 
mean+4 ,b x has also an inn] mean+1 (   
v>y+ int5sity1 ,footnote3 ,x is nev]    
lit]ally true t any =m is mean+less &   
says no?+4 ,e =m 9 ! _w says some?+4 ,b 
its message (t5 fails to rea* u1 & ev5  
if x does1 full und]/&+ is (t5 )held f  
u4 &1 prop]ly speak+1 ,,=m ,,is ,,!     
,,outw>d ,,expression ,,( ,,?is ,,inn]  
,,mean+4 ,to use once m ! metaphor ( !  
piano--! arti/ is ! h& :i*1 by play+ on 
?is or t key 7i4e41 =m71 affects ! human
 s\l 9 ?is or t way4 ,,s ,,x ,,is       
,,evid5t ,,t ,,=m-,,h>mony ,,mu/ ,,re/  
,,only ,,on ,a ,,correspond+ ,,vibration
 ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,s\l2 ,,& ,,?is ,,is  
,a ,,second ,,guid+ ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,!  
,,inn] ,,ne$4  ,! two aspects ( =m j    

m5tion$ def9e its two aims4 ,! task (   
limit+ surfaces 7! out] aspect7 is well 
p]=m$ if ! inn] mean+ is fully express$4
  ,footnote3 ,! phrase full expression  
mu/ be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,=m (t5 is mo/  
expressive :5 lea/ coh]5t4 ,x is (t5 mo/
 expressive :5 outw>dly mo/ imp]fect1   
p]haps only a /roke1 a m]e h9t ( out]   
mean+4  ,! out] task may assume _m      
diff]5t %apes2 b x w nev] fail 9 "o (   
two purposes3 7#a7 ,ei!r =m aims at s   
limit+ surfaces z to fa%ion ( !m "s     
mat]ial object2 7#b7 ,or =m rema9s      
ab/ract1 describ+ only a non-mat]ial1   
spiritual entity4 ,su* non-mat]ial      
entities1 ) life & value z su*1 are a   
circle1 a triangle1 a rhombus1 a        
trapeze1 etc41 _m ( !m s complicat$ z to
 h no ma!matical d5om9ation4  ,betwe5 ^!
 two extremes lie ! innum]able =ms 9 :i*
 bo? elem5ts exi/2 ) a prepond]ance ei!r
 ( ! ab/ract or ! mat]ial4 ,^!          
int]m$iate =ms are1 at pres5t1 ! /ore on
 :i* ! arti/ has to draw4 ,purely       
ab/ract =ms are beyond ! rea* ( ! arti/ 

at pres5t2 !y are too indef9ite = him4  
,to limit himself to ! purely indef9ite 
w\ld be to rob himself ( possibilities1 
to exclude ! human elem5t & !re=e to    
weak5 8 p[] ( expression4  ,on ! o!r h&1
 !re exi/s equally no purely mat]ial =m4
 ,a mat]ial object _c be absolutely     
reproduc$4 ,= good or evil1 ! arti/ has 
eyes & h&s1 :i* are p]haps m arti/ic ?an
 8 int5tions & refuse to aim at         
photography alone4 ,_m g5u9e arti/s1 :o 
_c be cont5t ) a m]e inv5tory ( mat]ial 
objects1 seek to express ! objects by   
:at 0 once call$ idealization1 !n       
selection1 & :i* tomorr[ w aga9 be call$
 some?+ diff]5t4  ,footnote3 ,! motive (
 idealization is s to beautify ! organic
 =m z to br+ out its h>mony & r\se      
poetic feel+4 ,selection aims n s mu* at
 beautification z at emphasiz+ ! "* ( ! 
object1 by ! omission ( non-ess5tials4  
,! desire ( ! future w be purely !      
expression ( ! inn] mean+4 ,! organic =m
 no long] s]ves z direct object1 b z !  
human words 9 :i* a div9e message mu/ be

 writt51 9 ord] = x to be compreh5sible 
to human m9ds4  ,! impossibility &1 9   
art1 ! uselessness ( attempt+ to copy an
 object exactly1 ! desire to give !     
object full expression1 are ! impulses  
:i* drive ! arti/ away f lit]al col\r+  
to purely arti/ic aims4 ,& t br+s u to !
 "q ( composition4 ,footnote3 ,"h       
,k&9sky means arrangem5t ( !            
picture4--,m4,t4,h4,s4  ,pure arti/ic   
composition has two elem5ts3  #a4 ,!    
composition ( ! :ole picture4  #b4 ,!   
creation ( ! v>i\s =ms :i*1 by /&+ 9    
diff]5t relation%ips to ea* o!r1 decide 
! composition ( ! :ole4 ,footnote3 ,!   
g5]al composition w naturally include _m
 little compositions :i* may be         
antagoni/ic to ea* o!r1 ?\gh            
help+--p]haps by _! v antagonism--!     
h>mony ( ! :ole4 ,^! little compositions
 h !mselves subdivisions ( v>i$ inn]    
mean+s4 ,_m objects h to be consid]$ 9 !
 light ( ! :ole1 & s ord]$ z to suit ?is
 :ole4 ,s+ly !y w h little mean+1 be+ ( 
importance only 9 s f> z !y help ! g5]al

 effect4 ,^! s+le objects mu/ be fa%ion$
 9 "o way only2 & ?is1 n because _! own 
inn] mean+ dem&s t p>ticul> fa%ion+1 b  
entirely because !y h to s]ve z build+  
mat]ial = ! :ole composition4 ,footnote3
 ,a good example is ,cezanne's ,ba?+    
,wom51 :i* is built 9 ! =m ( a triangle4
 ,su* build+ is an old pr9ciple1 :i* 0  
be+ ab&on$ only because academic usage  
_h made x lifeless4 ,b ,cezanne has giv5
 x new life4 ,he does n use x to        
h>monize 8 gr\ps1 b = purely arti/ic    
purposes4 ,he di/orts ! human figure )  
p]fect ju/ification4 ,n only mu/ ! :ole 
figure foll[ ! l9es ( ! triangle1 b ea* 
limb mu/ gr[ n>r[] f bottom to top4     
,raphael's ,holy ,family is an example (
 triangul> composition us$ only = !     
h>moniz+ ( ! gr\p1 & )\t any my/ical    
motive4  ,s ! ab/ract idea is creep+    
into art1 al?\gh1 only ye/]day1 x 0     
scorn$ & obscur$ by purely mat]ial      
ideals4 ,its gradual advance is natural 
en\gh1 = 9 proportion z ! organic =m    
falls into ! backgr\nd1 ! ab/ract ideal 

a*ieves great] prom95ce4  ,b ! organic  
=m possesses all ! same an inn] h>mony (
 its own1 :i* may be ei!r ! same z t (  
its ab/ract p>allel 7?us produc+ a      
simple comb9ation ( ! two elem5ts7 or   
totally diff]5t 79 :i* case ! comb9ation
 may be unavoidably discordant74 ,h[ev] 
dim9i%$ 9 importance ! organic =m may   
be1 its inn] note w always be he>d2 & = 
?is reason ! *oice ( mat]ial objects is 
an important "o4 ,! spiritual accord ( !
 organic ) ! ab/ract elem5t may /r5g!n !
 appeal ( ! latt] 7z mu* by contra/ z by
 simil>ity7 or may de/roy x4  ,suppose a
 rhomboidal composition1 made up ( a    
numb] ( human figures4 ,! arti/ asks    
himself3 ,are ^! human figures an       
absolute necessity to ! composition1 or 
%\ld !y be replac$ by o!r =ms1 & t )\t  
affect+ ! fundam5tal h>mony ( ! :ole8   
,if ! answ] is ,yes1 we h a case 9 :i* !
 mat]ial appeal directly weak5s !       
ab/ract appeal4 ,! human =m mu/ ei!r be 
replac$ by ano!r object :i*1 :e!r by    
simil>ity or contra/1 w /r5g!n ! ab/ract

 appeal1 or mu/ rema9 a purely          
non-mat]ial symbol4 ,footnote3 ,cf4     
,translator's ,introduction1 pp4 xviii &
 xx4--,m4,t4,h4,s4  ,once m ! metaphor (
 ! piano4 ,= col\r or =m sub/itute      
object4 ,e object has its own life &    
!re=e its own appeal2 man is cont9ually 
subject to ^! appeals4 ,b ! results are 
(t5 dubb$ ei!r sub--or sup]-consci\s4   
,nature1 t is to say ! ev]-*ang+        
surr\nd+s ( man1 sets 9 vibration ! /r+s
 ( ! piano 7! s\l7 by manipulation ( !  
keys 7! v>i\s objects ) _! sev]al       
appeals74  ,! impressions we receive1   
:i* (t5 appe> m]ely *aotic1 consi/ (    
?ree elem5ts3 ! impression ( ! col\r ( !
 object1 ( its =m1 & ( its comb9$ col\r 
& =m1 i4e4 ( ! object itself4  ,at ?is  
po9t ! individuality ( ! arti/ comes to 
! front & disposes1 z he wills1 ^! ?ree 
elem5ts4 ,,x ,,is ,,cle>1 ,,!re=e1 ,,t  
,,! ,,*oice ,,( ,,object 7i4e4 ,,( ,,"o 
,,( ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,h>mony ,,(  
,,=m7 ,,mu/ ,,be ,,decid$ ,,only ,,by ,a
 ,,correspond+ ,,vibration ,,9 ,,!      

,,human ,,s\l2 ,,& ,,?is ,,is ,a ,,?ird 
,,guid+ ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,! ,,inn] ,,ne$4
  ,! m ab/ract is =m1 ! m cle> & direct 
is its appeal4 ,9 any composition !     
mat]ial side may be m or less omitt$ 9  
proportion z ! =ms us$ are m or less    
mat]ial1 & = !m sub/itut$ pure          
ab/ractions1 or l>gely demat]ializ$     
objects4 ,! m an arti/ uses ^! ab/ract$ 
=ms1 ! deep] & m confid5tly w he advance
 into ! k+dom ( ! ab/ract4 ,& aft] him w
 foll[ ! gaz] at 8 pictures1 :o also w h
 gradually acquir$ a great] famili>ity )
 ! language ( t k+dom4  ,mu/ we !n ab&on
 utt]ly all mat]ial objects & pa9t      
solely 9 ab/ractions8 ,! problem (      
h>moniz+ ! appeal ( ! mat]ial & !       
non-mat]ial %[s u ! answ] to ?is "q4 ,z 
e ^w spok5 r\ses an inn] vibration1 s   
likewise does e object repres5t$4 ,to   
deprive oneself ( ?is possibility is to 
limit "o's p[]s ( expression4 ,t is at  
any rate ! case at pres5t4 ,b besides   
?is answ] to ! "q1 !re is ano!r1 & "o   
:i* art c always employ to any "q beg9n+

 ) mu/3 ,!re is no mu/ 9 art1 because   
art is free4  ,) reg>d to ! second      
problem ( composition1 ! creation ( !   
s+le elem5ts :i* are to compose ! :ole1 
x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! same =m 9 ! same  
circum/ances w always h ! same inn]     
appeal4 ,only ! circum/ances are        
con/antly v>y+4 ,x results t3 7#a7 ,!   
ideal h>mony alt]s accord+ to ! relation
 to o!r =ms ( ! =m :i* causes x4 7#b7   
,ev5 9 simil> relation%ip a slight      
approa* to or )drawal f o!r =ms may     
affect ! h>mony4 ,footnote3 ,?is is :at 
is meant by an appeal ( motion4 ,=      
example1 ! appeal ( an upright triangle 
is m /eadfa/ & quiet ?an t ( "o set     
obliquely on its side4 ,no?+ is         
absolute4 ,=m-composition re/s on a     
relative basis1 dep5d+ on 7#a7 !        
alt]ations 9 ! mutual relations ( =ms "o
 to ano!r1 7#b7 alt]ations 9 ea*        
individual =m1 d[n to ! v smalle/4 ,e =m
 is z s5sitive z a puff ( smoke1 !      
slighte/ brea? w alt] x completely4 ,?is
 extreme mobility makes x easi] to obta9

 simil> h>monies f ! use ( diff]5t =ms1 
?an f a repetition ( ! same "o2 ?\gh (  
c\rse an exact replica ( a spiritual    
h>mony c nev] be produc$4 ,s long z we  
are susceptible only to ! appeal ( a    
:ole composition1 ?is fact is ( ma9ly   
!oretical importance4 ,b :5 we become m 
s5sitive by a con/ant use ( ab/ract =ms 
7:i* h no mat]ial int]pretation7 x w    
become ( great practical significance4  
,& s z art becomes m difficult1 its     
weal? ( expression 9 =m becomes great] &
 great]4 ,at ! same "t ! "q ( di/ortion 
9 draw+ falls out & is replac$ by ! "q  
h[ f> ! inn] appeal ( ! p>ticul> =m is  
veil$ or giv5 full expression4 ,& once m
 ! possibilities are ext5d$1 =          
comb9ations ( veil$ & fully express$    
appeals sugge/ new ,,leitmotiv5 9       
composition4  ,)\t su* developm5t z ?is1
 =m-composition is impossible4 ,to      
anyone :o _c exp]i5ce ! inn] appeal ( =m
 7:e!r mat]ial or ab/ract7 su*          
composition c nev] be o!r ?an mean+less4
 ,app>5tly aimless alt]ations 9         

=m-arrangem5t w make art seem m]ely a   
game4 ,s once m we are fac$ ) ! same    
pr9ciple1 :i* is to set art free1 !     
pr9ciple ( ! inn] ne$4  ,:5 features or 
limbs = arti/ic reasons are *ang$ or    
di/ort$1 m5 reject ! arti/ic problem &  
fall back on ! second>y "q ( anatomy4   
,b1 on our argum5t1 ?is second>y        
consid]ation does n appe>1 only ! real1 
arti/ic "q rema9+4 ,^! app>5tly         
irresponsible1 b really well-reason$    
alt]ations 9 =m provide "o ( ! /oreh\ses
 ( arti/ic possibilities4  ,!           
adaptability ( =ms1 _! organic b inw>d  
v>iations1 _! motion 9 ! picture1 _!    
incl9ation to mat]ial or ab/ract1 _!    
mutual relations1 ei!r individually or z
 p>ts ( a :ole2 fur!r1 ! concord or     
discord ( ! v>i\s elem5ts ( a picture1 !
 h&l+ ( gr\ps1 ! comb9ations ( veil$ &  
op5ly express$ appeals1 ! use (         
rhy?mical or unrhy?mical1 ( geometrical 
or non-geometrical =ms1 _! contiguity or
 sep>ation--all ^! ?+s are ! mat]ial =  
c\nt]po9t 9 pa9t+4  ,b s long z col\r is

 exclud$1 su* c\nt]po9t is conf9$ to    
black & :ite4 ,col\r provides a :ole    
weal? ( possibilities ( h] own1 & :5    
comb9$ ) =m1 yet a fur!r s]ies (        
possibilities4 ,& all ^! w be           
expressions ( ! inn] ne$4  ,! inn] ne$  
is built up ( ?ree my/ical elem5ts3 7#a7
 ,e arti/1 z a creator1 has some?+ 9 him
 :i* calls = expression 7?is is ! elem5t
 ( p]sonality74 7#b7 ,e arti/1 z *ild ( 
8 age1 is impell$ to express ! _s ( 8   
age 7?is is ! elem5t ( /yle7--dictat$ by
 ! p]iod & p>ticul> c\ntry to :i* !     
arti/ belongs 7x is d\btful h[ long !   
latt] di/9ction w cont9ue to exi/74 7#c7
 ,e arti/1 z a s]vant ( art1 has to help
 ! cause ( art 7?is is ! elem5t ( pure  
arti/ry1 :i* is con/ant 9 all ages &    
among all nationalities74  ,a full      
und]/&+ ( ! fir/ two elem5ts is necess>y
 = a realization ( ! ?ird4 ,b he :o has 
?is realization w recognize t a rudely  
c>v$ ,indian column is an expression ( !
 same _s z actuates any real "w ( art ( 
today4  ,9 ! pa/ & ev5 today mu* talk is

 he>d ( p]sonality 9 art4 ,talk ( ! com+
 /yle becomes m frequ5t daily4 ,b = all 
_! importance today1 ^! que/ions w h    
disappe>$ aft] a few hundr$ or ?\s&     
ye>s4  ,only ! ?ird elem5t--t ( pure    
arti/ry--w rema9 = ev]4 ,an ,egyptian   
c>v+ speaks to u today m subtly ?an x   
did to its *ronological contempor>ies2 =
 !y judg$ x ) ! hamp]+ k ( p]iod &      
p]sonality4 ,b we c judge purely z an   
expression ( ! et]nal arti/ry4          
,simil>ly--! great] ! "p play$ 9 a mod]n
 "w ( art by ! two elem5ts ( /yle &     
p]sonality1 ! bett] w x be appreciat$ by
 p today2 b a mod]n "w ( art :i* is full
 ( ! ?ird elem5t1 w fail to rea* !      
contempor>y s\l4 ,= _m c5turies h to    
pass away be=e ! ?ird elem5t c be       
receiv$ ) und]/&+4 ,b ! arti/ 9 ^: "w   
?is ?ird elem5t pr$om9ates is ! really  
great arti/4  ,because ! elem5ts ( /yle 
& p]sonality make up :at is call$ !     
p]iodic *>act]i/ics ( any "w ( art1 !   
developm5t ( arti/ic =ms mu/ dep5d on _!
 sep>ation f ! elem5t ( pure arti/ry1   

:i* kn[s nei!r p]iod nor nationality4 ,b
 z /yle & p]sonality create 9 e epo*    
c]ta9 def9ite =ms1 :i*1 = all _!        
sup]ficial diff]5ces1 are really closely
 relat$1 ^! =ms c be spok5 ( z "o side (
 art--! ,,subjective4 ,e arti/ *ooses1 f
 ! =ms :i* reflect 8 own "t1 ^? :i* are 
sympa!tic to him1 & expresses himself   
?r\gh !m4 ,s ! subjective elem5t is !   
def9ite & ext]nal expression ( ! inn]1  
objective elem5t4  ,! inevitable desire 
= outw>d expression ( ! ,,objective     
elem5t is ! impulse "h def9$ z ! inn]   
ne$4 ,! =ms x borr[s *ange f day to day1
 &1 z x cont9ually advances1 :at is     
today a phrase ( inn] h>mony becomes    
tomorr[ "o ( out] h>mony4 ,x is cle>1   
!re=e1 t ! inn] _s ( art only uses !    
out] =m ( any p>ticul> p]iod z a        
/epp+-/one to fur!r expression4  ,9     
%ort1 ! work+ ( ! inn] ne$ & !          
developm5t ( art is an ev]-advanc+      
expression ( ! et]nal & objective 9 !   
t]ms ( ! p]iodic & subjective4  ,because
 ! objective is =ev] ex*ang+ !          

subjective expression ( today = t (     
tomorr[1 ea* new ext5sion ( lib]ty 9 !  
use ( out] =m is hail$ z ! la/ &        
supreme4 ,at pres5t we say t an arti/ c 
use any =m he wi%es1 s long z he rema9s 
9 t\* ) nature4 ,b ?is limitation1 l all
 its pr$ecessors1 is only tempor>y4 ,f !
 po9t ( view ( ! inn] ne$1 no limitation
 mu/ be made4 ,! arti/ may use any =m   
:i* 8 expression dem&s2 = 8 inn] impulse
 mu/ f9d suitable outw>d expression4  ,s
 we see t a delib]ate se>* = p]sonality 
& /yle is n only impossible1 b          
comp>atively unimportant4 ,! close      
relation%ip ( art ?r\gh\t ! ages1 is n a
 relation%ip 9 outw>d =m b 9 inn] mean+4
 ,& !re=e ! talk ( s*ools1 ( l9es (     
developm5t1 ( pr9ciples ( art1 etc41 is 
bas$ on misund]/&+ & c only lead to     
confusion4  ,! arti/ mu/ be bl9d to     
di/9ctions betwe5 recogniz$ or          
unrecogniz$ conv5tions ( =m1 deaf to !  
transitory tea*+ & dem&s ( 8 p>ticul>   
age4 ,he mu/ wat* only ! tr5d ( ! inn]  
ne$1 & he>k5 to its words alone4 ,!n he 

w ) safety employ means bo? sanction$ & 
=bidd5 by 8 contempor>ies4 ,all means   
are sacr$ :i* are call$ = by ! inn] ne$4
 ,all means are s9ful :i* obscure t inn]
 ne$4  ,x is impossible to !orize ab\t  
?is ideal ( art4 ,9 real art !ory does n
 prec$e practice1 b foll[s h]4 ,ev]y?+  
is1 at fir/1 a matt] ( feel+4 ,any      
!oretical s*eme w be lack+ 9 ! ess5tial 
( creation--! inn] desire =             
expression--:i* _c be det]m9$4 ,nei!r ! 
quality ( ! inn] ne$1 nor its subjective
 =m1 c be measur$ nor weigh$4           
,footnote3 ,! _m-sid$ g5ius ( ,leon>do  
devis$ a sy/em ( little spoons ) :i*    
diff]5t col\rs 7 to be us$1 ?us creat+ a
 k9d ( me*anical h>mony4 ,"o ( 8 pupils1
 aft] try+ 9 va9 to use ?is sy/em1 9    
despair ask$ "o ( 8 colleagues h[ ! ma/]
 himself us$ ! inv5tion4 ,! colleague   
repli$3 ,! ma/] nev] uses x at all4     
7,m]es*[ski1 ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci74    
,su* a gramm> ( pa9t+ c only be         
tempor>ily guess$ at1 & %\ld x ev] be   
a*iev$1 x w be n s mu* accord+ to       

physical rules 7:i* h s (t5 be5 tri$ &  
:i* today ! ,cubi/s are try+7 z accord+ 
to ! rules ( ! inn] ne$1 :i* are ( !    
s\l4  ,! inn] ne$ is ! basic alike (    
small & great problems 9 pa9t+4 ,we are 
seek+ today = ! road :i* is to lead u   
away f ! out] to ! inn] basis4          
,footnote3 ,! t]m out]1 "h us$1 mu/ n be
 confus$ ) ! t]m mat]ial us$ previ\sly4 
,i am us+ ! =m] to mean out] ne$1 :i*   
nev] goes beyond conv5tional limits1 nor
 produces o!r ?an conv5tional beauty4 ,!
 inn] ne$ kn[s no su* limits1 & (t5     
produces results conv5tionally consid]$ 
ugly4 ,b ugly itself is a conv5tional   
t]m1 & only means spiritually           
unsympa!tic1 be+ appli$ to "s expression
 ( an inn] ne$1 ei!r outgr[n or n yet   
atta9$4 ,b ev]y?+ :i* adequately        
expresses ! inn] ne$ is beautiful4  ,!  
_s1 l ! body1 c be /r5g!n$ & develop$ by
 frequ5t ex]cise4 ,j z ! body1 if       
neglect$1 gr[s weak] & f9ally impot5t1 s
 ! _s p]i%es if unt5d$4 ,& = ?is reason 
x is necess>y = ! arti/ to "k ! />t+    

po9t = ! ex]cise ( 8 _s4  ,! />t+ po9t  
is ! /udy ( col\r & its effects on m54  
,!re is no ne$ to engage 9 ! f9] %ades (
 complicat$ col\r1 b r at fir/ to       
consid] only ! direct use ( simple      
col\rs4  ,to beg9 )1 let u te/ ! work+  
on ourselves ( individual col\rs1 & s   
make a simple *>t1 :i* w facilitate !   
consid]ation ( ! :ole "q4  ,two great   
divisions ( col\r occur to ! m9d at !   
outset3 into w>m & cold1 & into light & 
d>k4 ,to ea* col\r !re are !re=e f\r    
%ades ( appeal--w>m & light or w>m &    
d>k1 or cold & light or cold & d>k4     
,g5]ally speak+1 w>m? or cold 9 a col\r 
means an approa* respectively to yell[  
or to blue4 ,?is di/9ction is1 s to     
speak1 on "o basis1 ! col\r hav+ a      
con/ant fundam5tal appeal1 b assum+ ei!r
 a m mat]ial or m non-mat]ial quality4  
,! movem5t is an horizontal "o1 ! w>m   
col\rs approa*+ ! spectator1 ! cold ones
 retreat+ f him4  ,! col\rs1 :i* cause 9
 ano!r col\r ?is horizontal movem5t1    
:ile !y are !mselves affect$ by x1 h    

ano!r movem5t ( _! own1 :i* acts ) a    
viol5t sep>ative =ce4 ,?is is1 !re=e1 ! 
fir/ anti!sis 9 ! inn] appeal1 & !      
incl9ation ( ! col\r to yell[ or to     
blue1 is ( trem5d\s importance4  ,!     
second anti!sis is betwe5 :ite & black2 
i4e41 ! incl9ation to light or d>k caus$
 by ! pair ( col\rs j m5tion$4 ,^!      
col\rs h once m _! peculi> movem5t to & 
f ! spectator1 b 9 a m rigid =m 7see    
,fig4 #a74    ,,figure ,i     ,fir/     
,pair ( anti!ses4           7inn] appeal
 act+ on          ,a & ,b4              
! _s7   ,a4       ,w>m                  
,cold         ,yell[              ,blue 
,fir/ anti!sis  ,two movem5ts3          
7i7 horizontal  ,t[>ds ! spectator -----
 ----- ,away f ! spectator      7bodily7
                                        
7spiritual7                             
,yell[      ,blue        7ii7           
,ex-         &        conc5tric   ,b4   
,light                      ,d>k        
,:ite                      ,black       
,second ,anti!sis   ,two movem5ts3      

7i7 discordant  ,et]nal discord1 b )    
,absolute discord1 devoid  possibilities
 = !    ,:ite   ,black  ( possibilities 
= !     future 7bir?7                   
future 7dea?7      7ii7 ex-& conc5tric1 
z 9 case ( yell[ & blue1 b          m   
rigid4    ,yell[ & blue h ano!r movem5t 
:i* affects ! fir/ anti!sis--an ex-&    
conc5tric movem5t4 ,if two circles are  
drawn & pa9t$ respectively yell[ & blue1
 brief conc5tration w reveal 9 ! yell[ a
 spread+ movem5t out f ! c5tre1 & a     
noticeable approa* to ! spectator4 ,!   
blue1 on ! o!r h&1 moves 9 ^u itself1 l 
a snail retreat+ into its %ell1 & draws 
away f ! spectator4 ,footnote3 ,^!      
/atem5ts h no sci5tific basis1 b are    
f\nd$ purely on spiritual exp]i5ce4  ,9 
! case ( light & d>k col\rs ! movem5t is
 emphasiz$4 ,t ( ! yell[ increases ) an 
admixture ( :ite1 i4e41 z x becomes     
light]4 ,t ( ! blue increases ) an      
admixture ( black1 i4e41 z x becomes    
d>k]4 ,?is means t !re c nev] be a      
d>k-col\r$ yell[4 ,! relation%ip betwe5 

:ite & yell[ is z close z betwe5 black &
 blue1 = blue c be s d>k z to bord] on  
black4 ,besides ?is physical            
relation%ip1 is also a spiritual "o     
7betwe5 yell[ & :ite on "o side1 betwe5 
blue & black on ! o!r7 :i* m>ks a /rong 
sep>ation betwe5 ! two pairs4  ,an      
attempt to make yell[ cold] produces a  
gre5 t9t & *ecks bo? ! horizontal &     
exc5tric movem5t4 ,! col\r becomes      
sickly & unreal4 ,! blue by its contr>y 
movem5t acts z a brake on ! yell[1 & is 
h9d]$ 9 its own movem5t1 till ! two     
toge!r become /ation>y1 & ! result is   
gre54 ,simil>ly a mixture ( black & :ite
 produces gray1 :i* is motionless &     
spiritually v simil> to gre54  ,b :ile  
gre51 yell[1 & blue are pot5tially      
active1 ?\gh tempor>ily p>alys$1 9 gray 
!re is no possibility ( movem5t1 because
 gray consi/s ( two col\rs t h no active
 =ce1 = !y /& !1 "o 9 motionless        
discord1 ! o!r 9 a motionless negation1 
ev5 ( discord1 l an endless wall or a   
bottomless pit4  ,because ! compon5t    

col\rs ( gre5 are active & h a movem5t (
 _! own1 x is possible1 on ! basis ( ?is
 movem5t1 to reckon _! spiritual appeal4
  ,! fir/ movem5t ( yell[1 t ( approa*  
to ! spectator 7:i* c be increas$ by an 
int5sification ( ! yell[71 & also !     
second movem5t1 t ( ov]-spread+ !       
b\nd>ies1 h a mat]ial p>allel 9 ! human 
en]gy :i* assails e ob/acle bl9dly1 &   
bur/s =? aimlessly 9 e direction4       
,yell[1 if /eadily gaz$ at 9 any        
geometrical =m1 has a di/urb+ influ5ce1 
& reveals 9 ! col\r an insi/5t1         
aggressive "*4 ,footnote3 ,x is wor?    
not+ t ! s\r-ta/+ lemon & %rill-s++     
can>y are bo? yell[4 ,! int5sification (
 ! yell[ increases ! pa9ful %rillness ( 
its note4  ,footnote3 ,any p>allel      
betwe5 col\r & music c only be relative4
 ,j z a viol9 c give v>i\s %ades (      
tone1--s yell[ has %ades1 :i* c be      
express$ by v>i\s in/rum5ts4 ,b 9 mak+  
su* p>allels1 ,i am assum+ 9 ea* case a 
pure tone ( col\r or s\nd1 unv>i$ by    
vibration or damp]s1 etc4  ,yell[ is !  

typically e>?ly col\r4 ,x c nev] h      
pr(\nd mean+4 ,an int]mixture ( blue    
makes x a sickly col\r4 ,x may be       
p>allel$ 9 human nature1 ) madness1 n ) 
melan*oly or hypo*ondriacal mania1 b r )
 viol5t rav+ lunacy4  ,! p[] ( pr(\nd   
mean+ is f\nd 9 blue1 & fir/ 9 its      
physical movem5ts 7#a7 ( retreat f !    
spectator1 7#b7 ( turn+ 9 ^u its own    
c5tre4 ,! incl9ation ( blue to dep? is s
 /rong t its inn] appeal is /rong] :5   
its %ade is deep]4  ,blue is ! typical  
heav5ly col\r4  ,footnote3 444,! halos  
are gold5 = emp]ors & prophets 7i4e4 =  
mortals71 & sky-blue = symbolic figures 
7i4e4 spiritual be+s72 7,kondak(f1      
,hi/oire de l',an ,byzant9e consid]ee   
pr9cipalem5t dans les m9iatures1 vol4   
ii1 p4 #chb1 ,p>is1 #ahhf-ia74  ,!      
ultimate feel+ x creates is "o ( re/4   
,footnote3 ,sup]natural re/1 n ! e>?ly  
cont5tm5t ( gre54 ,! way to !           
sup]natural lies ?r\gh ! natural4 ,& we 
mortals pass+ f ! e>?ly yell[ to !      
heav5ly blue mu/ pass ?r\gh gre54  ,:5 x

 s9ks almo/ to black1 x e*oes a grief t 
is h>dly human4  ,footnote3 ,z an e*o ( 
grief violet /& to blue z does gre5 9   
its production ( re/4  ,:5 x rises t[>ds
 :ite1 a movem5t little suit$ to x1 its 
appeal to m5 gr[s weak] & m di/ant4 ,9  
music a light blue is l a flute1 a d>k] 
blue a cello2 a /ill d>k] a ?und]\s     
d\ble bass2 & ! d>ke/ blue ( all-an     
organ4  ,a well-balanc$ mixture ( blue &
 yell[ produces gre54 ,! horizontal     
movem5t ceases2 likewise t f & t[>ds !  
c5tre4 ,! effect on ! s\l ?r\gh ! eye is
 !re=e motionless4 ,?is is a fact       
recogniz$ n only by opticians b by ! _w4
 ,gre5 is ! mo/ re/ful col\r t exi/s4   
,on exhau/$ m5 ?is re/fulness has a     
b5eficial effect1 b aft] a "t x becomes 
we>isome4 ,pictures pa9t$ 9 %ades ( gre5
 are passive & t5d to be we>isome2 ?is  
contra/s ) ! active w>m? ( yell[ or !   
active coolness ( blue4 ,9 ! hi]>*y (   
col\rs gre5 is !                        
b\rgeoisie-self-satisfi$1 immovable1    
n>r[4 ,x is ! col\r ( summ]1 ! p]iod :5 

nature is re/+ f ! /orms ( w9t] & !     
productive en]gy ( spr+ 7cf4 ,fig4 #b74 
,any prepond]ance 9 gre5 ( yell[ or blue
 introduces a correspond+ activity &    
*anges ! inn] appeal4 ,! gre5 keeps its 
*>act]i/ic equanimity & re/fulness1 !   
=m] increas+ ) ! incl9ation to          
lightness1 ! latt] ) ! incl9ation to    
dep?4 ,9 music ! absolute gre5 is       
repres5t$ by ! placid1 middle notes ( a 
viol94  ,black & :ite h already be5     
discuss$ 9 g5]al t]ms4 ,m p>ticul>ly    
speak+1 :ite1 al?\gh (t5 consid]$ z no  
col\r 7a !ory l>gely due to !           
,impressioni/s1 :o saw no :ite 9 nature 
z a symbol ( a _w f :i* all col\r z a   
def9ite attribute has disappe>$74       
,footnote3 ,van ,gogh1 9 8 lett]s1 asks 
:e!r he may n pa9t a :ite wall dead     
:ite4 ,?is "q (f]s no difficulty to !   
non-repres5tative arti/ :o is conc]n$   
only ) ! inn] h>mony ( col\r4 ,b to !   
impressioni/-reali/ x seems a bold      
lib]ty to take ) nature4 ,to him x seems
 z outrage\s z 8 own *ange f br[n %ad[s 

to blue seem$ to 8 contempor>ies4 ,van  
,gogh's "q m>ks a transition f          
,impressionism to an art ( spiritual    
h>mony1 z ! com+ ( ! blue %ad[ m>k$ a   
transition f academism to               
,impressionism4 7,cf4 ,! ,lett]s (      
,v9c5t van ,gogh4 ,con/able1 ,london47  
,?is _w is too f> above u = its h>mony  
to t\* our s\ls4 ,a great sil5ce1 l an  
imp5etrable wall1 %r\ds its life f our  
und]/&+4 ,:ite1 !re=e1 has ?is h>mony ( 
sil5ce1 :i* works ^u u negatively1 l _m 
pauses 9 music t break tempor>ily !     
melody4 ,x is n a dead sil5ce1 b "o     
pregnant ) possibilities4 ,:ite has !   
appeal ( ! no?+ness t is be=e bir?1 ( ! 
_w 9 ! ice age4  ,a totally dead sil5ce1
 on ! o!r h&1 a sil5ce ) no             
possibilities1 has ! inn] h>mony (      
black4 ,9 music x is repres5t$ by "o (  
^? pr(\nd & f9al pauses1 aft] :i* any   
cont9uation ( ! melody seems ! dawn (   
ano!r _w4 ,black is some?+ burnt out1 l 
! a%es ( a fun]al pyre1 some?+          
motionless l a corpse4 ,! sil5ce ( black

 is ! sil5ce ( dea?4 ,outw>dly black is 
! col\r ) lea/ h>mony ( all1 a k9d (    
neutral backgr\nd aga9/ :i* ! m9ute/    
%ades ( o!r col\rs /& cle>ly =w>d4 ,x   
diff]s f :ite 9 ?is also1 = ) :ite ne>ly
 e col\r is 9 discord1 or ev5 mute      
altoge!r4  ,footnote3 ,e4g4 v]milion r+s
 dull & muddy aga9/ :ite1 b aga9/ black 
) cle> /r5g?4 ,light yell[ aga9/ :ite is
 weak1 aga9/ black pure & brilliant4  ,n
 )\t reason is :ite tak5 z symboliz+ joy
 & spotless purity1 & black grief &     
dea?4 ,a bl5d ( black & :ite produces   
gray :i*1 z has be5 said1 is sil5t &    
motionless1 be+ compos$ ( two inactive  
col\rs1 its re/fulness hav+ none ( !    
pot5tial activity ( gre54 ,a simil> gray
 is produc$ by a mixture ( gre5 & r$1 a 
spiritual bl5d ( passivity & gl[+ w>m?4 
,footnote3 ,gray  immobility & re/4     
,delacroix s\ght to express re/ by a    
mixture ( gre5 & r$ 7cf4 ,signac1 sup4  
cit474  ,! unb\nd$ w>m? ( r$ has n !    
irresponsible appeal ( yell[1 b r+s     
inw>dly ) a det]m9$ & p[]ful int5sity4  

,x gl[s 9 itself1 maturely1 & does n    
di/ribute its vig\r aimlessly 7see ,fig4
 #b74  ,! v>i$ p[]s ( r$ are v /rik+4   
,by a skillful use ( x 9 its diff]5t    
%ades1 its fundam5tal tone may be made  
w>m or cold4  ,footnote3 ,( c\rse e     
col\r c be to "s ext5t v>i$ betwe5 w>m &
 cold1 b no col\r has s ext5sive a scale
 ( v>ieties z r$4  ,light w>m r$ has a  
c]ta9 simil>ity to m$ium yell[1 alike 9 
texture & appeal1 & gives a feel+ (     
/r5g?1 vig\r1 det]m9ation1 triumph4 ,9  
music1 x is a s\nd ( trumpets1 /rong1   
h>%1 & r++4  ,v]milion is a r$ ) a feel+
 ( %>pness1 l gl[+ /eel :i* c be cool$  
by wat]4 ,v]milion is qu5*$ by blue1 = x
 c support no mixture ) a cold col\r4 ,m
 accurately speak+1 su* a mixture       
produces :at is call$ a dirty col\r1    
scorn$ by pa9t]s ( today4 ,b dirt z a   
mat]ial object has its own inn] appeal1 
& !re=e to avoid x 9 pa9t+1 is z unju/ &
 n>r[ z 0 ! cry ( ye/]day = pure col\r4 
,at ! call ( ! inn] ne$ t :i* is        
outw>dly f\l may be inw>dly pure1 & vice

 v]sa4  ,! two %ades ( r$ j discuss$ are
 simil> to yell[1 except t !y rea* out  
less to ! spectator4 ,! gl[ ( r$ is )9  
itself4 ,= ?is reason x is a col\r m    
belov$ ?an yell[1 be+ frequ5tly us$ 9   
primitive & traditional decoration1 &   
also 9 peasant co/umes1 because 9 ! op5 
air ! h>mony ( r$ & gre5 is v beautiful4
 ,tak5 by itself ?is r$ is mat]ial1 &1 l
 yell[1 has no v deep appeal4 ,only :5  
comb9$ ) some?+ nobl] does x acquire ?is
 deep appeal4 ,x is dang]\s to seek to  
deep5 r$ by an admixture ( black1 =     
black qu5*es ! gl[1 or at lea/ r$uces x 
consid]ably4  ,b !re rema9s br[n1       
unemotional1 dis9cl9$ = movem5t4 ,an    
int]mixture ( r$ is outw>dly b>ely      
audible1 b !re r+s out a p[]ful inn]    
h>mony4 ,skillful bl5d+ c produce an    
inn] appeal ( extraord9>y1 indescribable
 beauty4 ,! v]milion n[ r+s l a great   
trumpet1 or ?und]s l a drum4  ,cool r$  
7madd]7 l any o!r fundam5tally cold     
col\r1 c be deep5$--especially by an    
int]mixture ( azure4 ,! "* ( ! col\r    

*anges2 ! inw>d gl[ increases1 ! active 
elem5t gradually disappe>s4 ,b ?is      
active elem5t is nev] s :olly abs5t z 9 
deep gre54 ,!re always rema9s a h9t (   
r5ew$ vig\r1 some:]e out ( sight1 wait+ 
= a c]ta9 mom5t to bur/ =? afre%4 ,9 ?is
 lies ! great diff]5ce betwe5 a deep5$  
r$ & a deep5$ blue1 because 9 r$ !re is 
always a trace ( ! mat]ial4 ,a p>allel 9
 music are ! sad1 middle tones ( a      
cello4 ,a cold1 light r$ conta9s a v    
di/9ct bodily or mat]ial elem5t1 b x is 
always pure1 l ! fre% beauty ( ! face ( 
a "y girl4 ,! s++ notes ( a viol9       
express ?is exactly 9 music4  ,w>m r$1  
int5sifi$ by a suitable yell[1 is       
orange4 ,?is bl5d br+s r$ almo/ to !    
po9t ( spread+ out t[>ds ! spectator4 ,b
 ! elem5t ( r$ is always suffici5tly    
/rong to keep ! col\r f flippancy4      
,orange is l a man1 conv9c$ ( 8 own     
p[]s4 ,its note is t ( ! angelus1 or (  
an old viol94  ,j z orange is r$ br\ght 
ne>] to humanity by yell[1 s violet is  
r$ )drawn f humanity by blue4 ,b ! r$ 9 

violet mu/ be cold1 = ! spiritual ne$   
does n all[ ( a mixture ( w>m r$ ) cold 
blue4  ,violet is !re=e bo? 9 ! physical
 & spiritual s5se a cool$ r$4 ,x is     
consequ5tly r sad & ail+4 ,x is worn by 
old wom51 & 9 ,*9a z a sign ( m\rn+4 ,9 
music x is an ,engli% horn1 or ! deep   
notes ( wood in/rum5ts 7e4g4 a bassoon74
  ,footnote3 ,among arti/s "o (t5 he>s !
 "q1 ,h[ are y8 answ]$ gloomily by !    
words ,feel+ v violet4  ,! two la/      
m5tion$ col\rs 7orange & violet7 are !  
f\r? & la/ pair ( anti!ses ( ! primitive
 col\rs4 ,!y /& to ea* o!r 9 ! same     
relation z ! ?ird anti!ses--gre5 &      
r$--i4e41 z complem5t>y col\rs 7see     
,fig4 #b74    ,,figure ,,ii    ,second  
,pair ( anti!ses    7physical appeal (  
complem5t>y        ,c & ,d              
col\rs7  ,c4       ,r$            ,gre5 
,?ird anti!sis        ,movem5t          
( ! spiritually ext+ui%$                
,fir/ anti!sis   ,motion )9 itself      
,,circle   ,pot5tiality ( motion        
,motionlessness                         

,r$  ,ex-& conc5tric movem5ts are abs5t 
,9 optical bl5d     ,gray ,9 me*anical  
bl5d ( :ite & black    ,gray  ,d4       
,orange            ,violet              
,f\r? anti!sis  ,arise out ( ! fir/     
anti!sis f3  #a4 ,active elem5t ( !     
yell[ 9 r$    ,orange #b4 ,passive      
elem5t ( ! blue 9 r$     ,violet        
---,orange---,yell[------,r$------,blue-
--,violet---       ,9 exc5tric          
,motion )9      ,9 ,conc5tric           
direction          itself               
direction    ,z 9 a great circle1 a     
s]p5t bit+ its own tail 7! symbol (     
et]nity1 ( some?+ )\t end7 ! six col\rs 
appe> t make up ! ?ree ma9 anti!ses4 ,& 
to "r & left /& ! two great             
possibilities ( sil5ce--dea? & bir? 7see
 ,fig4 #c74    ,,figure ,,iii4          
,a                     ,yell[           
_/                         _/           
_/                           ,d         
,c    ,b          ,orange       ,gre5   
,b  ,:ite                               
,black                                  

,c            ,d                ,r$     
,violet                            _/   
_/                      ,a   _/         
,blue   ,! anti!ses z a circle betwe5   
two poles1 i4e41 ! life ( col\rs betwe5 
bir? & dea?4  7,! capital lett]s        
designate ! pairs ( anti!ses47    ,x is 
cle> t all ,i h said ( ^! simple col\rs 
is v provisional & g5]al1 & s also are  
^? feel+s 7joy1 grief1 etc47 :i* h be5  
quot$ z p>allels ( ! col\rs4 ,= ^!      
feel+s are only ! mat]ial expressions ( 
! s\l4 ,%ades ( col\r1 l ^? ( s\nd1 are 
( a mu* f9] texture & awake 9 ! s\l     
emotions too f9e to be express$ 9 words4
 ,c]ta9ly ea* tone w f9d "s probable    
expression 9 words1 b x w always be     
incomplete1 & t "p :i* ! ^w fails to    
express w n be unimportant b r ! v k]nel
 ( its exi/5ce4 ,= ?is reason words are1
 & w always rema91 only h9ts1 m]e       
sugge/ions ( col\rs4 ,9 ?is             
impossibility ( express+ col\r 9 words )
 ! consequ5t ne$ = "s o!r mode (        
expression lies ! opportunity ( ! art ( 

! future4 ,9 ?is art among innum]able   
ri* & v>i$ comb9ations !re is "o :i* is 
f\nd$ on firm fact1 & t is z foll[s4 ,! 
actual expression ( col\r c be a*iev$   
simultane\sly by sev]al =ms ( art1 ea*  
art play+ its sep>ate "p1 & produc+ a   
:ole :i* exce$s 9 ri*ness & =ce any     
expression atta9able by "o art alone4 ,!
 imm5se possibilities ( dep? & /r5g? to 
be ga9$ by comb9ation or by discord     
betwe5 ! v>i\s arts c be easily realiz$4
  ,x is (t5 said t admission ( !        
possibility ( "o art help+ ano!r am\nts 
to a d5ial ( ! necess>y diff]5ces betwe5
 ! arts4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 n ! case4 ,z   
has be5 said1 an absolutely simil> inn] 
appeal _c be a*iev$ by two diff]5t arts4
 ,ev5 if x 7 possible ! second v]sion   
w\ld diff] at lea/ outw>dly4 ,b suppose 
?is 7 n ! case1 t is to say1 suppose a  
repetition ( ! same appeal exactly alike
 bo? outw>dly & inw>dly c\ld be a*iev$  
by diff]5t arts1 su* repetition w\ld n  
be m]ely sup]flu\s4 ,to beg9 )1 diff]5t 
p f9d sympa?y 9 diff]5t =ms ( art 7alike

 on ! active & passive side among !     
creators or ! receiv]s ( ! appeal72 b   
fur!r & m important1 repetition ( ! same
 appeal ?ick5s ! spiritual atmosph]e :i*
 is necess>y = ! matur+ ( ! f9e/ feel+s1
 9 ! same way z ! hot air ( a gre5h\se  
is necess>y = ! rip5+ ( c]ta9 fruit4 ,an
 example ( ?is is ! case ( ! individual 
:o receives a p[]ful impression f       
con/antly repeat$ actions1 ?\ghts or    
feel+s1 al?\gh if !y came s+ly !y might 
h pass$ by unnotic$4 ,footnote3 ,?is    
idea =ms1 ( c\rse1 ! fundam5tal reason =
 adv]tisem5t4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 apply   
?is rule only to ! simple examples ( !  
spiritual atmosph]e4 ,= ?is atmosph]e is
 l air1 :i* c be ei!r pure or fill$ )   
v>i\s ali5 elem5ts4 ,n only visible     
actions1 ?\ghts & feel+s1 ) outw>d      
expression1 make up ?is atmosph]e1 b    
secret happ5+s ( :i* no "o kn[s1 unspok5
 ?\ghts1 hidd5 feel+s are also elem5ts 9
 x4 ,suicide1 murd]1 viol5ce1 l[ &      
unwor?y ?\ghts1 hate1 ho/ility1 egotism1
 envy1 n>r[ patriotism1 p>tisan%ip1 are 

elem5ts 9 ! spiritual atmosph]e4        
,footnote3 ,epidemics ( suicide or (    
viol5t w>like feel+1 etc41 are products 
( ?is impure atmosph]e4  ,& conv]sely1  
self-sacrifice1 mutual help1 l(ty       
?\ghts1 love1 un-selfi%ness1 joy 9 !    
success ( o!rs1 humanity1 ju/ness1 are !
 elem5ts :i* slay ^? already enum]at$ z 
! sun slays ! microbes1 & re/ore !      
atmosph]e to purity4  ,footnote3 ,^!    
elem5ts likewise h _! hi/orical p]iods4 
,! second & m complicat$ =m ( repetition
 is t 9 :i* sev]al diff]5t elem5ts make 
mutual use ( diff]5t =ms4 ,9 our case ^!
 elem5ts are ! diff]5t arts summ$ up 9 !
 art ( ! future4 ,& ?is =m ( repetition 
is ev5 m p[]ful1 = ! diff]5t natures (  
m5 respond to ! diff]5t elem5ts 9 !     
comb9ation4 ,= "o ! musical =m is ! mo/ 
mov+ & impressive2 = ano!r ! pictorial1 
= ! ?ird ! lit]>y1 & s on4 ,!re reside1 
!re=e1 9 arts :i* are outw>dly diff]5t1 
hidd5 =ces equally diff]5t1 s t !y may  
all "w 9 "o man t[>ds a s+le result1 ev5
 ?\gh ea* art may be work+ 9 isolation4 

,?is %>ply def9$ work+ ( individual     
col\rs is ! basis on :i* v>i\s values c 
be built up 9 h>mony4 ,pictures w come  
to be pa9t$--v]itable arti/ic           
arrangem5ts1 plann$ 9 %ades ( "o col\r  
*os5 accord+ to arti/ic feel+4 ,! c>ry+ 
out ( "o col\r1 ! b9d+ toge!r &         
admixture ( two relat$ col\rs1 are !    
f\ndations ( mo/ col\r$ h>monies4 ,f :at
 has be5 said above ab\t col\r work+1 f 
! fact t we live 9 a "t ( que/ion+1     
exp]im5t & contradiction1 we c draw !   
easy conclusion t = a h>monization on ! 
basis ( individual col\rs our age is    
especially unsuitable4 ,p]haps ) envy & 
) a m\rnful sympa?y we li/5 to ! music (
 ,moz>t4 ,x acts z a welcome pause 9 !  
turmoil ( our inn] life1 z a consolation
 & z a hope1 b we he> x z ! e*o ( some?+
 f ano!r age long pa/ & fundam5tally    
/range to u4 ,! /rife ( col\rs1 ! s5se (
 balance we h lo/1 tott]+ pr9ciples1    
unexpect$ assaults1 great que/ions1     
app>5tly useless /riv+1 /orm & tempe/1  
brok5 *a9s1 anti!ses & contradictions1  

^! make up our h>mony4 ,! composition   
aris+ f ?is h>mony is a m+l+ ( col\r &  
=m ea* ) its sep>ate exi/5ce1 b ea*     
bl5d$ into a common life :i* is call$ a 
picture by ! =ce ( ! inn] ne$4 ,only ^! 
individual p>ts are vital4 ,ev]y?+ else 
7su* z surr\nd+ conditions7 is          
subsidi>y4 ,! comb9ation ( two col\rs is
 a logical outcome ( mod]n conditions4  
,! comb9ation ( col\rs hi!rto consid]$  
discordant1 is m]ely a fur!r developm5t4
 ,= example1 ! use1 side by side1 ( r$ &
 blue1 col\rs 9 !mselves ( no physical  
relation%ip1 b f _! v spiritual contra/ 
( ! /ronge/ effect1 is "o ( ! mo/       
frequ5t occurr5ces 9 mod]n *oice (      
h>mony4 ,footnote3 ,cf4 ,gaugu91 ,noa   
,noa1 :]e ! arti/ /ates 8 dis9cl9ation  
:5 he fir/ arriv$ 9 ,tahiti to juxtapose
 r$ & blue4 ,h>mony today re/s *iefly on
 ! pr9ciple ( contra/ :i* has = all "t  
be5 "o ( ! mo/ important pr9ciples (    
art4 ,b our contra/ is an inn] contra/  
:i* /&s alone & rejects ! help 7= t help
 w\ld mean de/ruction7 ( any o!r        

pr9ciples ( h>mony4 ,x is int]e/+ to    
note t ?is v plac+ toge!r ( r$ & blue 0 
s belov$ by ! primitive bo? 9 ,g]many & 
,italy t x has till today surviv$1      
pr9cipally 9 folk pictures ( religi\s   
subjects4 ,"o (t5 sees 9 su* pictures ! 
,virg9 9 a r$ g[n & a blue cloak4 ,x    
seems t ! arti/s wi%$ to express ! grace
 ( heav5 9 t]ms ( humanity1 & humanity 9
 t]ms ( heav54 ,legitimate &            
illegitimate comb9ations ( col\rs1      
contra/s ( v>i\s col\rs1 ! ov]-pa9t+ (  
"o col\r ) ano!r1 ! def9ition ( col\r$  
surfaces by b\nd>ies ( v>i\s =ms1 !     
ov]/epp+ ( ^! b\nd>ies1 ! m+l+ & ! %>p  
sep>ation ( surfaces1 all ^! op5 great  
vi/as ( arti/ic possibility4  ,"o ( !   
fir/ /eps 9 ! turn+ away f mat]ial      
objects into ! realm ( ! ab/ract 01 to  
use ! te*nical arti/ic t]m1 ! rejection 
( ! ?ird dim5sion1 t is to say1 !       
attempt to keep a picture on a s+le     
plane4 ,modell+ 0 ab&on$4 ,9 ?is way !  
mat]ial object 0 made m ab/ract & an    
important /ep =w>d 0 a*iev$--?is /ep    

=w>d has1 h[ev]1 _h ! effect ( limit+ ! 
possibilities ( pa9t+ to "o def9ite     
piece ( canvas1 & ?is limitation has n  
only introduc$ a v mat]ial elem5t into  
pa9t+1 b has s]i\sly less5$ its         
possibilities4  ,any attempt to free    
pa9t+ f ?is mat]ial limitation toge!r ) 
! /riv+ aft] a new =m ( composition mu/ 
conc]n itself fir/ ( all ) ! de/ruction 
( ?is !ory ( "o s+le surface--attempts  
mu/ be made to br+ ! picture on to "s   
ideal plane :i* %all be express$ 9 t]ms 
( ! mat]ial plane ( ! canvas4 ,footnote3
 ,comp>e ! article by ,le ,fauconni] 9 !
 catalogue ( ! second exhibition ( !    
,neue ,kun/l]v]e9igung1 ,muni*1         
#aiaj-aa4 ,!re has aris5 out ( !        
composition 9 flat triangles a          
composition ) pla/ic ?ree-dim5sional    
triangles1 t is to say ) pyramids2 & t  
is ,cubism4 ,b !re has aris5 "h also !  
t5d5cy to in]tia1 to a conc5tration on  
?is =m = its own sake1 & consequ5tly    
once m to an impov]i%m5t ( possibility4 
,b t is ! unavoidable result ( ! ext]nal

 application ( an inn] pr9ciple4  ,a    
fur!r po9t ( great importance mu/ n be  
=gott54 ,!re are o!r means ( us+ !      
mat]ial plane z a space ( ?ree dim5sions
 9 ord] to create an ideal plane4 ,!    
?9ness or ?ickness ( a l9e1 ! plac+ ( ! 
=m on ! surface1 ! ov]lay+ ( "o =m on   
ano!r may be quot$ z examples ( arti/ic 
means t may be employ$4 ,simil>         
possibilities are (f]$ by col\r :i*1 :5 
rightly us$1 c advance or retreat1 & c  
make ( ! picture a liv+ ?+1 & s a*ieve  
an arti/ic expansion ( space4 ,!        
comb9ation ( bo? means ( ext5sion 9     
h>mony or concord is "o ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ 
p[]ful elem5ts 9 purely arti/ic         
composition4    ,,vii4 ,,!ory    ,f !   
nature ( mod]n h>mony1 x results t nev] 
has !re be5 a "t :5 x 0 m difficult ?an 
x is today to =mulate a complete !ory1  
,footnote3 ,attempts h be5 made4 ,once m
 emphasis mu/ be laid on ! p>allel )    
music4 ,= example1 cf4 ,t5dances        
,n\velles1 ,no4 #ce1 ,h5ri ,ravel3 ,!   
laws ( h>mony are ! same = pa9t+ &      

music4 or to lay d[n a firm arti/ic     
basis4 ,all attempts to d s w\ld h "o   
result1 namely1 t already cit$ 9 ! case 
( ,leon>do & 8 sy/em ( little spoons4 ,x
 w\ld1 h[ev]1 be precipitate to say t   
!re are no basic pr9ciples nor firm     
rules 9 pa9t+1 or t a se>* = !m leads   
inevitably to academism4 ,ev5 music has 
a gramm>1 :i*1 al?\gh modifi$ f "t to   
"t1 is ( cont9ual help & value z a k9d (
 diction>y4  ,pa9t+ is1 h[ev]1 9 a      
diff]5t position4 ,! revolt f dep5d5ce  
on nature is only j beg9n+4 ,any        
realization ( ! inn] work+ ( col\r & =m 
is s f> unconsci\s4 ,! subjection (     
composition to "s geometrical =m is no  
new idea 7cf4 ! art ( ! ,p]sians74      
,con/ruction on a purely ab/ract basis  
is a sl[ bus9ess1 & at fir/ seem+ly bl9d
 & aimless4 ,! arti/ mu/ tra9 n only 8  
eye b also 8 s\l1 s t he c te/ col\rs = 
!mselves & n only by ext]nal            
impressions4  ,if we beg9 at once to    
break ! bonds :i* b9d u to nature1 &    
devote ourselves purely to comb9ation ( 

pure col\r & ab/ract =m1 we %all produce
 works :i* are m]e decoration1 :i* are  
suit$ to neckties or c>pets4 ,beauty (  
,=m & ,col\r is no suffici5t aim by     
itself1 despite ! ass]tions ( pure      
ae/hetes or ev5 ( naturali/s1 :o are    
obsess$ ) ! idea ( beauty4 ,x is because
 ( ! elem5t>y /age rea*$ by our pa9t+ t 
we are s little able to grasp ! inn]    
h>mony ( true col\r & =m composition4 ,!
 n]ve vibrations are !re1 c]ta9ly1 b !y 
get no fur!r ?an ! n]ves1 because !     
correspond+ vibrations ( ! _s :i* !y    
call =? are too weak4 ,:5 we rememb]1   
h[ev]1 t spiritual exp]i5ce is quick5+1 
t positive sci5ce1 ! firme/ basis (     
human ?\ght1 is tott]+1 t dissolution ( 
matt] is imm95t1 we h reason to hope t !
 h\r ( pure composition is n f> away4   
,x mu/ n be ?\ght t pure decoration is  
lifeless4 ,x has its inn] be+1 b "o :i* 
is ei!r incompreh5sible to u1 z 9 ! case
 ( old decorative art1 or :i* seems m]e 
illogical confusion1 z a _w 9 :i*       
full-gr[n m5 & embryos play equal roles1

 9 :i* be+s depriv$ ( limbs are on a    
level ) noses & toes :i* live isolat$ & 
( _! own vitality4 ,! confusion is l t (
 a kaleidoscope1 :i* ?\gh possess+ a    
life ( its own1 belongs to ano!r sph]e4 
,nev]!less1 decoration has its effect on
 u2 ori5tal decoration q diff]5tly to   
,sw$i%1 savage1 or anci5t ,greek4 ,x is 
n = no?+ t !re is a g5]al cu/om (       
describ+ samples ( decoration z gay1    
s]i\s1 sad1 etc41 z music is describ$ z 
,allegro1 ,s]ioso1 etc41 accord+ to !   
nature ( ! piece4  ,probably conv5tional
 decoration _h its beg9n+s 9 nature4 ,b 
:5 we w\ld ass]t t ext]nal nature is !  
sole s\rce ( all art1 we mu/ rememb] t1 
9 patt]n+1 natural objects are us$ z    
symbols1 almo/ z ?\gh !y 7 m]e          
hi]oglyphics4 ,= ?is reason we _c gauge 
_! inn] h>mony4 ,= in/ance1 we c be> a  
design ( ,*9ese dragons 9 our d9+ or b$ 
rooms1 & are no m di/urb$ by x ?an by a 
design ( daisies4  ,x is possible t     
t[>ds ! close ( our already dy+ epo* a  
new decorative art w develop1 b x is n  

likely to be f\nd$ on geometrical =m4   
,at ! pres5t "t any attempt to def9e ?is
 new art w\ld be z useless z pull+ a    
small bud op5 s z to make a fully bl[n  
fl[]4 ,n[adays we are /ill b\nd to      
ext]nal nature & mu/ f9d our means (    
expression 9 h]4 ,b h[ are we to d x8 ,9
 o!r words1 h[ f> may we g 9 alt]+ ! =ms
 & col\rs ( ?is nature8  ,we may g z f> 
z ! arti/ is able to c>ry 8 emotion1 &  
once m we see h[ imm5se is ! ne$ = true 
emotion4 ,a few examples w make ! mean+ 
( ?is cle>]4  ,a w>m r$ tone w mat]ially
 alt] 9 inn] value :5 x is no long]     
consid]$ z an isolat$ col\r1 z some?+   
ab/ract1 b is appli$ z an elem5t ( "s   
o!r object1 & comb9$ ) natural =m4 ,!   
v>iety ( natural =ms w create a v>iety (
 spiritual values1 all ( :i* w h>monize 
) t ( ! orig9al isolat$ r$4 ,suppose we 
comb9e r$ ) sky1 fl[]s1 a g>m5t1 a face1
 a horse1 a tree4  ,a r$ sky sugge/s to 
u sunset1 or fire1 & has a consequ5t    
effect ^u u--ei!r ( spl5d\r or m5ace4   
,mu* dep5ds n[ on ! way 9 :i* o!r       

objects are treat$ 9 connection ) ?is r$
 sky4 ,if ! treatm5t is fai?ful to      
nature1 b all ! same h>moni\s1 !        
naturali/ic appeal ( ! sky is /r5g!n$4  
,if1 h[ev]1 ! o!r objects are treat$ 9 a
 way :i* is m ab/ract1 !y t5d to less51 
if n to de/roy1 ! naturali/ic appeal ( !
 sky4 ,mu* ! same applies to ! use ( r$ 
9 a human face4 ,9 ?is case r$ c be     
employ$ to emphasize ! passionate or o!r
 *>act]i/ics ( ! model1 ) a =ce t only  
an extremely ab/ract treatm5t ( ! re/ ( 
! picture c subdue4  ,a r$ g>m5t is q a 
diff]5t matt]2 = x c 9 reality be ( any 
col\r4 ,r$ w1 h[ev]1 be f\nd be/ to     
supply ! ne$s ( pure arti/ry1 = "h alone
 c x be us$ )\t any association )       
mat]ial aims4 ,! arti/ has to consid] n 
only ! value ( ! r$ cloak by itself1 b  
also its value 9 connection ) ! figure  
we>+ x1 & fur!r ! relation ( ! figure to
 ! :ole picture4 ,suppose ! picture to  
be a sad "o1 & ! r$-cloak$ figure to be 
! c5tral po9t on :i* ! sadness is       
conc5trat$--ei!r f its c5tral position1 

or features1 attitude1 col\r1 or :at n4 
,! r$ w provide an acute discord (      
feel+1 :i* w emphasize ! gloom ( !      
picture4 ,! use ( a col\r1 9 itself sad1
 w\ld weak5 ! effect ( ! dramatic :ole4 
,footnote3 ,once m x is wise to         
emphasize ! necess>y inadequacy ( ^!    
examples4 ,rules _c be laid d[n1 !      
v>iations are s endless4 ,a s+le l9e c  
alt] ! :ole composition ( a picture4    
,?is is ! pr9ciple ( anti!sis already   
def9$4 ,r$ by itself _c h a sad effect  
on ! spectator1 & its inclusion 9 a sad 
picture w1 if prop]ly h&l$1 provide !   
dramatic elem5t4 ,footnote3 ,! use (    
t]ms l sad & joyful are only clumsy     
equival5ts = ! delicate spiritual       
vibrations ( ! new h>mony4 ,!y mu/ be   
read z necess>ily inadequate4  ,yet aga9
 is ! case ( a r$ tree diff]5t4 ,!      
fundam5tal value ( r$ rema9s1 z 9 e     
case4 ,b ! association ( autumn creeps  
94  ,! col\r comb9es easily ) ?is       
association1 & !re is no dramatic cla% z
 9 ! case ( ! r$ cloak4  ,f9ally1 ! r$  

horse provides a fur!r v>iation4 ,! v   
words put u 9 ano!r atmosph]e4 ,!       
impossibility ( a r$ horse dem&s an     
unreal _w4 ,x is possible t ?is         
comb9ation ( col\r & =m w appeal z a    
freak--a purely sup]ficial & non-arti/ic
 appeal--or z a h9t ( a fairy /ory      
,footnote3 ,an incomplete fairy /ory    
works on ! m9d z does a c9ematograph    
film4--once m a non-arti/ic appeal4 ,to 
set ?is r$ horse 9 a c>eful naturali/ic 
l&scape w\ld create su* a discord z to  
produce no appeal & no coh]5ce4 ,! ne$ =
 coh]5ce is ! ess5tial ( h>mony--:e!r   
f\nd$ on conv5tional discord or concord4
 ,! new h>mony dem&s t ! inn] value ( a 
picture %\ld rema9 unifi$ :atev] !      
v>iations or contra/s ( outw>d =m or    
col\r4 ,! elem5ts ( ! new art are to be 
f\nd1 !re=e1 9 ! inn] & n ! out]        
qualities ( nature4  ,! spectator is too
 ready to look = a mean+ 9 a            
picture--i4e41 "s outw>d connection     
betwe5 its v>i\s p>ts4 ,our mat]iali/ic 
age has produc$ a type ( spectator or   

connoisseur1 :o is n cont5t to put      
himself opposite a picture & let x say  
its own message4 ,in/ead ( all[+ ! inn] 
value ( ! picture to "w1 he worries     
himself 9 look+ = clos5ess to nature1 or
 temp]am5t1 or h&l+1 or tonality1 or    
p]spective1 or :at n4 ,8 eye does n     
probe ! out] expression to arrive at !  
inn] mean+4 ,9 a conv]sation ) an       
int]e/+ p]son1 we endeav\r to get at 8  
fundam5tal ideas & feel+s4 ,we d n bo!r 
ab\t ! words he uses1 nor ! spell+ ( ^? 
words1 nor ! brea? necess>y = speak+ !m1
 nor ! movem5ts ( 8 tongue & lips1 nor !
 psy*ological work+ on our bra91 nor !  
physical s\nd 9 our e>1 nor !           
physiological effect on our n]ves4 ,we  
realize t ^! ?+s1 ?\gh int]e/+ &        
important1 are n ! ma9 ?+s ( ! mom5t1 b 
t ! mean+ & idea is :at conc]ns u4 ,we  
%\ld h ! same feel+ :5 confront$ ) a "w 
( art4 ,:5 ?is becomes g5]al ! arti/ w  
be able to disp5se ) natural =m & col\r 
& speak 9 purely arti/ic language4  ,to 
return to ! comb9ation ( col\r & =m1 !re

 is ano!r possibility :i* %\ld be not$4 
,non-naturali/ic objects 9 a picture may
 h a lit]>y appeal1 & ! :ole picture may
 h ! work+ ( a fable4 ,! spectator is   
put 9 an atmosph]e :i* does n di/urb him
 because he accepts x z fabul\s1 & 9 :i*
 he tries to trace ! /ory & und]goes m  
or less ! v>i\s appeals ( col\r4 ,b !   
pure inn] work+ ( col\r is impossible2 !
 outw>d idea has ! ma/]y /ill4 ,= !     
spectator has only ex*ang$ a bl9d       
reality = a bl9d dreaml&1 :]e ! tru? (  
inn] feel+ _c be felt4  ,we mu/ f9d1    
!re=e1 a =m ( expression :i* excludes ! 
fable & yet does n re/rict ! free work+ 
( col\r 9 any way4 ,! =ms1 movem5t1 &   
col\rs :i* we borr[ f nature mu/ produce
 no outw>d effect nor be associat$ )    
ext]nal objects4 ,! m obvi\s is !       
sep>ation f nature1 ! m likely is ! inn]
 mean+ to be pure & unhamp]$4  ,! t5d5cy
 ( a "w ( art may be v simple1 b provid$
 x is n dictat$ by any ext]nal motive & 
provid$ x is n work+ to any mat]ial end1
 ! h>mony w be pure4 ,! mo/ ord9>y      

action--= example1 prep>ation = lift+ a 
heavy weight--becomes my/]i\s &         
dramatic1 :5 its actual purpose is n    
reveal$4 ,we /& & gaze fasc9at$1 till ( 
a sudd5 ! explanation bur/s sudd5ly ^u  
u4 ,x is ! conviction t no?+ my/]i\s c  
ev] happ5 9 our ev]yday life t has      
de/roy$ ! joy ( ab/ract ?\ght4          
,practical consid]ations h ou/$ all     
else4 ,x is ) ?is fact 9 view t ! new   
danc+ is be+ evolv$--z1 t is to say1 !  
only means ( giv+ 9 t]ms ( "t & space ! 
real inn] mean+ ( motion4 ,! orig9 (    
danc+ is probably purely sexual4 ,9     
folk-dances we /ill see ?is elem5t      
pla9ly4 ,! lat] developm5t ( danc+ z a  
religi\s c]emony jo9s itself to ! prec$+
 elem5t & ! two toge!r take arti/ic =m &
 em]ge z ! ballet4  ,! ballet at !      
pres5t "t is 9 a /ate ( *aos ow+ to ?is 
d\ble orig94 ,its ext]nal motives--!    
expression ( love & fe>1 etc4--are too  
mat]ial & naive = ! ab/ract ideas ( !   
future4 ,9 ! se>* = m subtle expression1
 our mod]n re=m]s h look$ to ! pa/ =    

help4 ,isadora ,duncan has =g$ a l9k    
betwe5 ! ,greek danc+ & t ( ! future4 ,9
 ?is %e is work+ on p>allel l9es to !   
pa9t]s :o are look+ = inspiration f !   
primitives4  ,footnote3 ,k&9sky's       
example ( ,isadora ,duncan is n p]haps  
p]fectly *os54 ,?is fam\s danc] f\nds h]
 art ma9ly ^u a /udy ( ,greek vases & n 
necess>ily ( ! primitive p]iod4 ,h] aims
 are di/9ctly t[>ds :at ,k&9sky calls   
conv5tional beauty1 & :at is p]haps m   
important1 h] movem5ts are n dictat$    
solely by ! inn] h>mony1 b l>gely by    
consci\s outw>d imitation ( ,greek      
attitudes4 ,ei!r ,nij9sky's lat]        
ballets3 ,le ,sacre du ,pr9temps1       
,l',apres-midi d'un ,faune1 ,jeux1 or ! 
idea actuat+ ! ,jacques ,dalcroze sy/em 
( ,eurhy?mics seem to fall m into l9e ) 
,k&9sky's arti/ic =eca/4 ,9 ! fir/ case 
conv5tional beauty has be5 ab&on$1 to ! 
dismay ( numb]s ( writ]s & spectators1 &
 a def9ite return has be5 made to       
primitive angles & abruptness4 ,9 !     
second case motion & dance are br\ght   

out ( ! s\ls ( ! pupils1 truly          
spontane\s1 at ! call ( ! inn] h>mony4  
,inde$ a comp>ison betwe5 ,isadora      
,duncan & ,m4 ,dalcroze is a comp>ison  
betwe5 ! naturali/ & symboli/ ideals 9  
art :i* 7 outl9$ 9 ! introduction to ?is
 book4--,m4,t4,h4,s4  ,9 dance z 9 pa9t+
 ?is is only a /age ( transition4 ,9    
danc+ z 9 pa9t+ we are on ! ?re%old ( ! 
art ( ! future4 ,! same rules mu/ be    
appli$ 9 bo? cases4 ,conv5tional beauty 
mu/ g by ! bo>d & ! lit]>y elem5t (     
/ory-tell+ or anecdote mu/ be ab&on$ z  
useless4 ,bo? arts mu/ le>n f music t e 
h>mony & e discord :i* spr+s f ! inn] _s
 is beautiful1 b t x is ess5tial t !y   
%\ld spr+ f ! inn] _s & f t alone4  ,!  
a*ievem5t ( ! dance-art ( ! future w    
make possible ! fir/ ebullition ( ! art 
( spiritual h>mony--! true              
/age-composition4  ,! composition = !   
new !atre w consi/ ( ^! ?ree elem5ts3   
7#a7 ,musical movem5t      7#b7         
,pictorial movem5t      7#c7 ,physical  
movem5t  & ^! ?ree1 prop]ly comb9$1 make

 up ! spiritual movem5t1 :i* is ! work+ 
( ! inn] h>mony4 ,!y w be int]wov5 9    
h>mony & discord z are ! two *ief       
elem5ts ( pa9t+1 =m & col\r4  ,scriab9's
 attempt to int5sify musical tone by    
correspond+ use ( col\r is necess>ily   
t5tative4 ,9 ! p]fect$ /age-composition 
! two elem5ts are increas$ by ! ?ird1 & 
endless possibilities ( comb9ation &    
individual use are op5$ up4 ,fur!r1 !   
ext]nal c be comb9$ ) ! int]nal h>mony1 
z ,s*onb]g has attempt$ 9 8 qu>tettes4  
,x is impossible "h to g fur!r into !   
developm5ts ( ?is idea4 ,! read] mu/    
apply ! pr9ciples ( pa9t+ already /at$  
to ! problem ( /age-composition1 &      
outl9e = himself ! possibilities ( !    
!atre ( ! future1 f\nd$ on ! immovable  
pr9ciple ( ! inn] ne$4  ,f :at has be5  
said ( ! comb9ation ( col\r & =m1 ! way 
to ! new art c be trac$4 ,?is way lies  
today betwe5 two dang]s4 ,on ! "o h& is 
! totally arbitr>y application ( col\r  
to geometrical =m--pure patt]n+4 ,on !  
o!r h& is ! m naturali/ic use ( col\r 9 

bodily =m--pure phantasy4 ,ei!r ( ^!    
alt]natives may 9 _! turn be exagg]at$4 
,ev]y?+ is at ! arti/'s disposal1 & !   
fre$om ( today has at once its dang]s & 
its possibilities4 ,we may be pres5t at 
! conception ( a new great epo*1 or we  
may see ! opportunity squ&]$ 9 aimless  
extravagance4  ,footnote3 ,on ?is "q see
 my article ,ub] die ,=mfrage--9 ,d]    
,blaue ,reit] 7,pip]-,v]lag1 #aiab74    
,tak+ ! "w ( ,h5ri ,r\sseau z a />t+    
po9t1 ,i g on to prove t ! new          
naturalism w n only be equival5t to b   
ev5 id5tical ) ab/raction4  ,t art is   
above nature is no new discov]y4        
,footnote3 ,cf4 ,goe!1 by ,k>l          
,he9emann1 #ahii1 p4 #fhd2 also ,osc>   
,wilde1 ,de ,pr(undis2 also ,delacroix1 
,my ,di>y4 ,new pr9ciples d n fall f    
heav51 b are logically if indirectly    
connect$ ) pa/ & future4 ,:at is        
important to u is ! mom5t>y position ( !
 pr9ciple & h[ be/ x c be us$4 ,x mu/ n 
be employ$ =cibly4 ,b if ! arti/ tunes 8
 s\l to ?is note1 ! s\nd w r+ 9 8 "w (  

itself4 ,! emancipation ( today mu/     
advance on ! l9es ( ! inn] ne$4 ,x is   
hamp]$ at pres5t by ext]nal =m1 & z t is
 ?r[n aside1 !re arises z ! aim (       
composition-con/ruction4 ,! se>* =      
con/ructive =m has produc$ ,cubism1 9   
:i* natural =m is (t5 =cibly subject$ to
 geometrical con/ruction1 a process :i* 
t5ds to hamp] ! ab/ract by ! concrete & 
spoil ! concrete by ! ab/ract4  ,!      
h>mony ( ! new art dem&s a m subtle     
con/ruction ?an ?is1 some?+ t appeals   
less to ! eye & m to ! s\l4 ,?is        
conceal$ con/ruction may arise f an     
app>5tly =tuit\s selection ( =ms on !   
canvas4 ,_! ext]nal lack ( cohesion is  
_! int]nal h>mony4 ,?is haphaz>d        
arrangem5t ( =ms may be ! future (      
arti/ic h>mony4 ,_! fundam5tal          
relation%ip w f9ally be able to be      
express$ 9 ma!matical =m1 b 9 t]ms      
irregul> r ?an regul>4    ,,viii4 ,,art 
,,& ,,arti/s    ,! "w ( art is born ( ! 
arti/ 9 a my/]i\s & secret way4 ,f him x
 ga9s life & be+4 ,nor is its exi/5ce   

casual & inconsequ5t1 b x has a def9ite 
& purposeful /r5g?1 alike 9 its mat]ial 
& spiritual life4 ,x exi/s & has p[] to 
create spiritual atmosph]e2 & f ?is inn]
 /&po9t "o judges :e!r x is a good "w ( 
art or a bad "o4 ,if its =m is bad x    
means t ! =m is too feeble 9 mean+ to   
call =? correspond+ vibrations ( ! s\l4 
,footnote3 ,s-call$ indec5t pictures are
 ei!r incapable ( caus+ vibrations ( !  
s\l 79 :i* case !y are n art7 or !y are 
s capable4 ,9 ! latt] case !y are n to  
be spurn$ absolutely1 ev5 ?\gh at ! same
 "t !y gratify :at n[adays we are pleas$
 to call ! l[] bodily ta/es4 ,!re=e a   
picture is n necess>ily well pa9t$ if x 
possesses ! values ( :i* ! ,fr5* s      
con/antly speak4 ,x is only well pa9t$  
if its spiritual value is complete &    
satisfy+4 ,good draw+ is draw+ t _c be  
alt]$ )\t de/ruction ( ?is inn] value1 q
 irrespective ( its correctness z       
anatomy1 botany1 or any o!r sci5ce4 ,!re
 is no "q ( a violation ( natural =m1 b 
only ( ! ne$ ( ! arti/ = su* =m4        

,simil>ly col\rs are us$ n because !y   
are true to nature1 b because !y are    
necess>y to ! p>ticul> picture4 ,9 fact1
 ! arti/ is n only ju/ifi$ 9 us+1 b x is
 8 duty to use only ^? =ms :i* fulfil 8 
own ne$4 ,absolute fre$om1 :e!r f       
anatomy or any?+ ( ! k9d1 mu/ be giv5 ! 
arti/ 9 8 *oice ( mat]ial4 ,su*         
spiritual fre$om is z necess>y 9 art z x
 is 9 life4 ,footnote3 ,?is fre$om is   
man's weapon aga9/ ! ,phili/9es4 ,x is  
bas$ on ! inn] ne$4  ,note1 h[ev]1 t    
bl9d foll[+ ( sci5tific precept is less 
blamewor?y ?an its bl9d & purposeless   
rejection4 ,! =m] produces at lea/ an   
imitation ( mat]ial objects :i* may be (
 "s use4  ,footnote3 ,pla9ly1 an        
imitation ( nature1 if made by ! h& ( an
 arti/1 is n a pure reproduction4 ,!    
voice ( ! s\l w 9 "s degree at lea/ make
 itself he>d4 ,z contra/s "o may quote a
 l&scape ( ,canaletto & ^? sadly fam\s  
heads by ,d5n]4--7,alte ,p9ako!k1       
,muni*47  ,! latt] is an arti/ic        
betrayal & br+s confusion 9 its tra94 ,!

 =m] leaves ! spiritual atmosph]e empty2
 ! latt] poisons x4  ,pa9t+ is an art1 &
 art is n vague production1 transitory &
 isolat$1 b a p[] :i* mu/ be direct$ to 
! improvem5t & ref9em5t ( ! human       
s\l--to1 9 fact1 ! rais+ ( ! spiritual  
triangle4  ,if art refra9s f do+ ?is "w1
 a *asm rema9s unbridg$1 = no o!r p[] c 
take ! place ( art 9 ?is activity4 ,& at
 times :5 ! human s\l is ga9+ great]    
/r5g?1 art w also gr[ 9 p[]1 = ! two are
 inextricably connect$ & complem5t>y "o 
to ! o!r4 ,conv]sely1 at ^? times :5 !  
s\l t5ds to be *ok$ by mat]ial          
disbelief1 art becomes purposeless &    
talk is he>d t art exi/s = art's sake   
alone4  ,footnote3 ,?is cry art = art's 
sake1 is really ! be/ ideal su* an age c
 atta9 to4 ,x is an unconsci\s prote/   
aga9/ mat]ialism1 aga9/ ! dem& t ev]y?+ 
%\ld h a use & practical value4 ,x is   
fur!r pro( ( ! inde/ructibility ( art & 
( ! human s\l1 :i* c nev] be kill$ b    
only tempor>ily smo!r$4  ,!n is ! bond  
betwe5 art & ! s\l1 z x 71 drugg$ into  

unconsci\sness4 ,! arti/ & ! spectator  
drift ap>t1 till f9ally ! latt] turns 8 
back on ! =m] or reg>ds him z a juggl]  
^: skill & dext]ity are wor?y (         
applause4 ,x is v important = ! arti/ to
 gauge 8 position aright1 to realize t  
he has a duty to 8 art & to himself1 t  
he is n k+ ( ! ca/le b r a s]vant ( a   
nobl] purpose4 ,he mu/ se>* deeply into 
8 own s\l1 develop & t5d x1 s t 8 art   
has some?+ to clo!1 & does n rema9 a    
glove )\t a h&4  ,,! ,,arti/ ,,mu/ ,,h  
,,some?+ ,,to ,,say1 ,,= ,,ma/]y ,,ov]  
,,=m ,,is ,,n ,,8 ,,goal ,,b ,,r ,,!    
,,adapt+ ,,( ,,=m ,,to ,,its ,,inn]     
,,mean+4  ,footnote3 ,naturally ?is does
 n mean t ! arti/ is to in/ill =cibly   
into 8 "w "s delib]ate mean+4 ,z has be5
 said ! g5]ation ( a "w ( art is a      
my/]y4 ,s long z arti/ry exi/s !re is no
 ne$ ( !ory or logic to direct ! pa9t]'s
 action4 ,! inn] voice ( ! s\l tells him
 :at =m he ne$s1 :e!r inside or outside 
nature4 ,e arti/ kn[s1 :o works ) feel+1
 h[ sudd5ly ! "r =m fla%es ^u him4      

,bockl9 said t a true "w ( art mu/ be l 
an inspiration2 t actual pa9t+1         
composition1 etc41 are n ! /eps by :i* !
 arti/ rea*es self-expression4  ,! arti/
 is n born to a life ( pleasure4 ,he mu/
 n live idle2 he has a h>d "w to p]=m1 &
 "o :i* (t5 proves a cross to be borne4 
,he mu/ realize t 8 e de$1 feel+1 &     
?\ght are raw b sure mat]ial f :i* 8 "w 
is to arise1 t he is free 9 art b n 9   
life4  ,! arti/ has a triple            
responsibility to ! non-arti/s3 7#a7 ,he
 mu/ repay ! tal5t :i* he has2 7#b7 8   
de$s1 feel+s1 & ?\ghts1 z ^? ( e man1   
create a spiritual atmosph]e :i* is ei!r
 pure or poison\s4 7#c7 ,^! de$s &      
?\ghts are mat]ials = 8 creations1 :i*  
!mselves ex]cise influ5ce on ! spiritual
 atmosph]e4 ,! arti/ is n only a k+1 z  
,peladan says1 because he has great p[]1
 b also because he has great duties4    
,if ! arti/ be prie/ ( beauty1 nev]!less
 ?is beauty is to be s\ght only accord+ 
to ! pr9ciple ( ! inn] ne$1 & c be      
measur$ only accord+ to ! size &        

int5sity ( t ne$4  ,,t ,,is ,,beautiful 
,,:i* ,,is ,,produc$ ,,by ,,! ,,inn]    
,,ne$1 ,,:i* ,,spr+s ,,f ,,! ,,s\l4     
,maet]l9ck1 "o ( ! fir/ w>riors1 "o ( ! 
fir/ mod]n arti/s ( ! s\l1 says3 ,!re is
 no?+ on e>? s curi\s = beauty or s     
absorb5t ( x1 z a s\l4 ,= t reason few  
mortal s\ls )/& ! lead]%ip ( a s\l :i*  
gives to !m beauty4 ,footnote3 ,de la   
beaute int]ieure4  ,& ?is prop]ty ( !   
s\l is ! oil1 :i* facilitates ! sl[1    
sc>cely visible b irresi/ible movem5t ( 
! triangle1 onw>ds & upw>ds4    ,,ix4   
,,conclusion    ,! fir/ five            
illu/rations 9 ?is book %[ ! c\rse (    
con/ructive ef=t 9 pa9t+4 ,?is ef=t     
falls into two divisions3  7#a7 ,simple 
composition1 :i* is regulat$ accord+ to 
an obvi\s & simple =m4 ,?is k9d (       
composition ,i call ! ,,melodic4  7#b7  
,complex composition1 consi/+ ( v>i\s   
=ms1 subject$ m or less completely to a 
pr9cipal =m4 ,probably ! pr9cipal =m may
 be h>d to grasp outw>dly1 & = t reason 
possess$ ( a /rong inn] value4 ,?is k9d 

( composition ,i call ! ,,symphonic4    
,betwe5 ! two lie v>i\s transitional    
=ms1 9 :i* ! melodic pr9ciple           
pr$om9ates4 ,! hi/ory ( ! developm5t is 
closely p>allel to t ( music4  ,if1 9   
consid]+ an example ( melodic           
composition1 "o =gets ! mat]ial aspect &
 probes d[n into ! arti/ic reason ( !   
:ole1 "o f9ds primitive geometrical =ms 
or an arrangem5t ( simple l9es :i* help 
t[>d a common motion4 ,?is common motion
 is e*o$ by v>i\s sections & may be v>i$
 by a s+le l9e or =m4 ,su* isolat$      
v>iations s]ve diff]5t purposes4 ,=     
in/ance1 !y may act z a sudd5 *eck1 or  
to use a musical t]m1 a f]mata4         
,footnote3 ,e4g41 ! ,rav5na mosaic :i*1 
9 ! ma91 =ms a triangle4 ,! upright     
figures lean proportionately to !       
triangle4 ,! out/ret*$ arm & door-curta9
 are ! f]mate4 ,ea* =m :i* goes to make 
up ! composition has a simple inn]      
value1 :i* has 9 its turn a melody4 ,=  
?is reason ,i call ! composition        
melodic4 ,by ! ag5cy ( ,cezanne & lat] (

 ,hodl] ,footnote3 ,engli% read]s may   
r\ghly p>allel ,hodl] ) ,augu/us ,john =
 purposes ( ! argum5t4--,m4,t4,h4,s4 ?is
 k9d ( composition won new life1 & e>n$ 
! "n ( rhy?mic4 ,! limitations ( ! t]m  
rhy?mic are obvi\s4 ,9 music & nature   
ea* manife/ation has a rhy?m ( its own1 
s also 9 pa9t+4 ,9 nature ?is rhy?m is  
(t5 n cle> to u1 because its purpose is 
n cle> to u4 ,we !n speak ( x z         
unrhy?mic4 ,s ! t]ms rhy?mic & unrhy?mic
 are purely conv5tional1 z also are     
h>mony & discord1 :i* h no actual       
exi/5ce4 ,footnote3 ,z an example ( pla9
 melodic con/ruction ) a pla9 rhy?m1    
,cezanne's ,ba?+ ,wom5 is giv5 9 ?is    
book4  ,complex rhy?mic composition1 ) a
 /rong flav\r ( ! symphonic1 is se5 9   
num]\s pictures & woodcuts ( ! pa/4 ,"o 
might m5tion ! "w ( old ,g]man ma/]s1 ( 
! ,p]sians1 ( ! ,japanese1 ! ,russian   
icons1 broadsides1 etc4 ,footnote3 ,?is 
applies to _m ( ,hodl]'s pictures4  ,9  
ne>ly all ^! works ! symphonic          
composition is n v closely alli$ to !   

melodic4 ,?is means t fundam5tally !re  
is a composition f\nd$ on re/ & balance4
 ,! m9d ?9ks at once ( *oral            
compositions1 ( ,moz>t & ,bee?ov54 ,all 
^! works h ! solemn & regul> ar*itecture
 ( a ,go?ic ca!dral2 !y belong to !     
transition p]iod4  ,z examples ( ! new  
symphonic composition1 9 :i* ! melodic  
elem5t plays a subord9ate "p1 & t only  
r>ely1 ,i h add$ reproductions ( f\r (  
my own pictures4  ,!y repres5t ?ree     
diff]5t s\rces ( inspiration3  7#a7 ,a  
direct impression ( outw>d nature1      
express$ 9 purely arti/ic =m4 ,?is ,i   
call an ,impression4  7#b7 ,a l>gely    
unconsci\s1 spontane\s expression ( inn]
 "*1 ! non-mat]ial nature4 ,?is ,i call 
an ,improvisation4  7#c7 ,an expression 
( a sl[ly =m$ inn] feel+1 :i* comes to  
utt]ance only aft] long matur+4 ,?is ,i 
call a ,composition4 ,9 ?is1 reason1    
consci\sness1 purpose1 play an ov]:elm+ 
"p4 ,b ( ! calculation no?+ appe>s1 only
 ! feel+4 ,:i* k9d ( con/ruction1 :e!r  
consci\s or unconsci\s1 really und]lies 

my "w1 ! pati5t read] w readily und]/&4 
,f9ally1 ,i w\ld rem>k t1 9 my op9ion1  
we are fa/ approa*+ ! "t ( reason$ &    
consci\s composition1 :5 ! pa9t] w be   
pr\d to decl>e 8 "w con/ructive4 ,?is w 
be 9 contra/ to ! claim ( !             
,impressioni/s t !y c\ld expla9 no?+1 t 
_! art came ^u !m by inspiration4 ,we h 
be=e u ! age ( consci\s creation1 & ?is 
new _s 9 pa9t+ is go+ h& 9 h& ) ! _s (  
?\ght t[>ds an epo* ( great spiritual   
lead]s4