,,complete ,,treatise                   
,,on ,,!                                
,,m>e ,,& ,,foal1                       
,,at ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,deliv]y1            
,,)                                     
,,illu/rations4                         
,,also ,,on                             
,,c[s ,,& ,,calves1                     
,,)                            ,,/allion
 ,,& ,,m>e1                             
,,:5 ,,diseas$ ,,by                     
,gonorrhea 7clap7 or ,pox4              
,,also                    ,di>rhea &    
,co/iv5ess 9 ,colts4                    
,,by                                    
,,conrad ,,mit*ell4                     
,volksfreund ,pr9t                      
,middleburg4 ,,pa4                      
#ahfi                   ,ent]$ accord+  
to an ,act ( ,congress1                 
9 ! ye> #ahfi1 by                       
,,conrad ,,mit*ell1                  9 !
 ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt      
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ,we/]n            
,di/rict ( ,p5nsylvania4                

,,introduction4      ,( all ! bea/s ( ! 
field1 :i* we are told1 ! ,"l =m$ out  (
 ! e>?1 & br\ght !m unto ,adam to see   
:at he w\ld call  !m1 none has m engag$ 
! att5tion ( ! hi/orian & !             
philosoph]--none has figur$ m 9 poetry1 
9 w> & 9 love1 ?an  ! horse4    ,none ( 
! writ+1 to :i* we c\ld po9t ! read]1   
conta9s m  frequ5t m5tion1 or m gl[+    
descriptions ( ! p[] & beauty  ( !      
horse1 ?an ! great ,book ( ,books4    ,!
 ,bible tea*es u1 t f :atev] l& ?is     
animal may h  be5 orig9ally br\ght into 
,egypt1 t c\ntry _h already become  a   
great horse m>ket1 ev5 be=e horses 7    
kn[n 9 ,arabia1 !  c\ntry ) :i* we are  
apt to associate all t is mo/ int]e/+  (
 ?is noble bea/4 ,geological rese>*es1  
h[ev]1 h discov]$  fossil rema9s ( !    
horse 9 almo/ ev] "p ( ! _w--f  !       
tropical pla9s ( ,india1 to ! froz5     
regions ( ,sib]ia--f  ! nor!rn          
extremities ( ! new _w1 to ! s\!rn po9t 
(  ,am]ica4 ,b among ! ,hebrews1 horses 
7 r>e previ\s to !  days ( ,solomon1 :o 

_h horses br\ght out ( ,egypt1 aft] 8   
m>riage ) ! daught] ( ,ph>aoh1 & s      
rapidly did he multiply  !m by pur*ase &
 by bre$+1 t ^? kept = 8 own use        
requir$1 z x is writt51 8f\r ?\s&       
/ables1 & =ty ?\s&  /alls40 ,h5ce1 :5   
honor$ by a visit f ! beautiful que5 (  
,%eba1 br++ ) h]1 camels be>+ spices1 & 
v mu* gold  & preci\s /ones1 x 0        
d\btless 9 ! contemplation ( 8          
magnific5t /ud ( horses & *>iots1 kept =
 ! amusem5t ( 8  wives & concub9es1 z   
well z = 8 o!r va/ displays ( p[]  &    
magnific5ce1 t h] maje/y exclaim$1 9 !  
fulness ( h]  admiration3 8,h[beit1 ,i  
believ$ n ! words1 until ,i came & m9e  
eyes _h se5 x1 & behold ! half 0 n told 
unto me40    ,vet]9>y sci5ce has also   
made great progress f t "t d[n  to !    
pres5t1 & 9 p>ticul>1 9 ! la/ half      
c5tury1 !  /ructure ( ! horse--injuries 
& diseases to :i* he is subject1  & !   
treatm5t ( ^!1 h be5 inve/igat$1 9 ?is  
c\ntry  & abroad1 ) mu* dilig5ce &      
success1 bo? 9 colleges & 9  societies  

devot$ to ! cultivation ( vet]9>y k1 &  
by  practition]s1 ^: education &        
exp]i5ce r5d] _! obs]vations  wor?y (   
great respect2 b not)/&+ all ?is1 !re   
has always  be51 to ! pres5t "t1 "o po9t
 ov]look$1 :i* is ( great]  importance1 
?an any "o t has ev] be5 inve/igat$4 ,i 
ref] "h  to a complete treatise on !    
,m>e & ,foal at ! "t ( deliv]y4  ,?is   
has long be5 felt z a real want4 ,n a   
s+le engrav+1  illu/rat+ ?is subject has
 ev] be5 h&$ to ! public1 & v  little   
has be5 writt5 on ! treatm5t ( ! m>e & !
 foal at  ! "t ( deliv]y4 ,:5 ! be/     
au?ors come to ?is po9t1 !y  say1 8call 
9 a vet]9>y ,surgeon40 ,b1 ,i w\ld ask1 
:]e is !  vet]9>y ,surgeon to obta9 8   
in=mation8 ,& yet1 n only !  surgeon1 b 
e f>m] & bre$] %\ld possess a full k  ( 
x4    ,! man t fir/ ent]s ! /able %\ld  
be able to adm9i/] to  ! wants ( ! m>e &
 ! foal4 ,!re is no "t to be lo/--no  "t
 n[ to obta9 in=mation1 or to proce$ f\r
 or five miles =  a surgeon4 ,if all is 
"r1 9 five m9utes all w be well1 b if  a

 false position is pres5t$1 ! fir/ p]son
 t approa*es !  animal %\ld be able to  
adm9i/] to ! wants ( ! m>e & foal4  ,if 
n1 !re is mu* dang] = ! life ( ! foal1 &
 9 a few  h\rs mu* dang] is to be fe>$ =
 ! safety ( ! m>e4    ,i h _h a v       
ext5sive practice 9 ! vet]9>y bus9ess = 
m ?an n9ete5 ye>s1 & f\nd x almo/       
univ]sally to be !  case1 t 9 ! ev5t (  
mal-pres5tation1 ! foal _h suffocat$    
be=e ,i c\ld rea* ! spot1 al?\gh ,i 0 b 
a v few miles  di/ant4 ,if ! foal is    
rais$ f its locality1 x mu/ be expos$   
to ! free atmosph]e 9 tw5ty m9utes or x 
w suffocate1 & !  life ( ! m>e w be mu* 
9 dang]4 ,(t51 aft] ,i _h extract$  !   
foal1 ,i c\ld h obta9$ tw5ty doll>s =   
re/or+ its life4    ,i h frequ5tly be5  
urg$ by f>m]s & bre$]s1 to give !m full 
in/ructions on ?is subject1 &           
especially1 at su* times1 :5 a          
difficult case pres5t$ itself1 b ,i     
always f\nd x impracticable1  z v]bal   
in/ruction w\ld soon be =gott51 & z no  
"w1  illu/rat+ ?is subject 0 9 exi/5ce4 

,i 0 induc$1 !re=e1  9 ord] to b5efit ! 
f>m] & bre$]1 to publi% a complete      
treatise on ! m>e & foal1 at ! "t (     
deliv]y1 illu/rat$  by engrav+s4 ,i _h  
made an ef=t ab\t sev5 ye>s ago1 b t    
little in/rum5t1 ! 8p510 9 my h&1 is :at
 ! yoke is to !  ox1 & s ,i ab&on$ x = t
 "t4 ,! c>t-:ip 9 my h& is  a f9e       
in/rum5t1 b ! p5 is my abhorr5ce4       
,not)/&+1 at  ! e>ne/ reque/ ( num]\s   
deal]s 9 horses1 ,i 0 induc$ 9 !  ,spr+ 
( #ahfi1 to (f] ?is "w to ! public1 = ! 
b5efit (  ! f>m] & bre$]1 & 9 m]cy to ! 
m>e & foal4    ,?is "w1 z ! read] w     
discov]1 embraces e p>ticul>  connect$ )
 ! subject ^u :i* x treats1 ) ample     
engrav+s1  illu/rat+ ! diff]5t positions
 9 :i* a foal is pres5t$--its  natural  
deliv]y--false pres5tations1 etc41 )    
lucid explanations  & in/ructions4      
,,conrad ,,mit*ell4    ,new ,b]l91 ,pa41
 ,july1 #ahfi4          ,illu/ration3   
,,plate ,i4    ,! above ,engrav+        
repres5ts ! ,foal1 z x is fold$ up 9 !  
womb  ( ! ,m>e :5 fully develop$1 9 ! "r

 flank ( ! animal1 !  *e/ ( ! ,foal t[>d
 ! tail ( ! ,m>e1 ! front legs turn$    
backw>ds1 & ! h9d legs turn$ =w>d "u !  
body ( !  ,foal1 ! head & neck turn$    
back 9 its left side1 s t ! head  w re/ 
on ! fir/ false ribs4 ,f ! "t ( cov]+ ! 
,m>e1  to ! "t ( foal+1 g5]ally requires
 a p]iod ( ?ree hundr$  & ?irty days4 ,a
 few in/ances1 h[ev]1 came "u my        
obs]vation1  9 :i* f9e1 full-gr[n1 &    
heal?y colts 7 deliv]$ 9 ?ree  hundr$ & 
twelve days1 :ile o!rs delay$ _!        
appe>ance = a  p]iod ( ?ree hundr$ &    
n9ety days1 be=e ! own] c\ld rejoice  9 
! valuable prize br\ght to 8 /able4 ,!  
full *e/$1 r\nd  trunk$ m>e w develope a
 foal mu* soon] ?an ! flat-sid$1 lean  &
 camel-back$ "o4    ,9 n9e days aft] !  
cov]+ ( ! m>e1 ! womb w beg9 to  close  
ab\t fifte5 in*es f ! entrance2 at !    
same "t1 !  fecund se$ ( ! horse w *ange
 into bloody /reaks1 & !  balance       
becomes l cream on curdl$ milk ab\t six 
h\rs aft] x is  /ra9$1 & 9 f =ty to     
fifty days1 ! foal w be regul>ly  %ap$1 

& ab\t ! size ( a small rat4 ,at ! same 
"t a membrane  or sk9 w spread ar\nd !  
entrance inside ( ! womb1 f :i*  a numb]
 ( small cords bran* out1 unit+ toge!r z
 !y run along1  until !y =m "o cord1    
ext5d+ to ! navel ( ! foal1 ?r\gh  :i* !
 blood ( ! m>e circulates 9 ! foal1 9   
ord] to give x  n\ri%m5t4 ,at ! same "t 
ano!r membrane or sk9 is =m$ ar\nd  !   
foal1 9 :i* are conta9$ f f\r to six1 & 
ev5 eight  qu>ts ( yell[i% fluid1 :i*   
answ]s a tw(old purpose3 fir/1 x        
prev5ts all friction betwe5 ! foal &    
membrane1 & secondly1 x  assi/s 9 rais+ 
! foal f its locality4 ,at ! fir/ ?roes 
(  ! m>e1 ! action ( ! womb w cause !   
membrane or sk9 to  protrude ?r\gh !    
entrance ( ! womb1 & ! fluid w be =c$   
into x1 & ! weight w assi/ 9 rais+ !    
foal1 until x w  be pres5t$ :5 ! sk9 w  
break & ! *annel w be op5$  = ! foal to 
brea?4    ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4   
,! above ,engrav+ pres5ts ! natural     
position ( ! foal 9  deliv]y4 ,! two    
front feet w be pres5t$ fir/1 & ! muzzle

  or ! no/rils w re/ on ! top ( ! legs1 
& ! membrane  or sk9 ar\nd ! foal1 spok5
 ( 9 ,plate ,i1 w already protrude  ab\t
 two feet4 ,! h9d legs w s9k d[n m & m1 
until !y  w be /ret*$ out beh9d         
horizontally4 ,sometimes "o foot w      
raise up too high & be =c$ aga9/ !      
inside ( ! entrance4  ,! h& %\ld be     
introduc$ & ! foot pu%$ back a few in*es
  & !n br\ght back into ! *annel4       
,sometimes ! =ehead w  project aga9/ !  
upp] "p ( ! entrance1 :5 ! h& %\ld be   
introduc$1 & hold %\ld be tak5 back ( ! 
poll1 ) a d[nw>d  pressure1 ! o!r h& to 
! muzzle to raise x up1 & a g5tle  pull 
%\ld be made1 :5 all w be "r 9 a few    
m9utes4 ,! cord  runn+ to ! navel ( !   
colt %\ld be ti$ ab\t "o in* f !        
surface ( ! sk91 !n cut (f ab\t "o in* f
 ! /r+1 or if  no /r+ is at h&1 ! cord  
%\ld be press$ v tightly betwe5  ! ?umb 
& ! two fir/ f+]s ( ! h& = a few m9utes1
 !n  cut (f1 & x w ble$ no m4 ,! colt   
%\ld be drawn away a  few feet1 b n t[>d
 ! m>e1 z %e %\ld n be di/urb$4  ,! m>e 

w lie d[n flat1 app>5tly dead1 & w rema9
 9 ?is  situation1 five1 t51 & ev5      
sometimes ?irty m9utes1 accord+ to  !   
sev]ity ( ! op]ation %e has und]gone4   
,sudd5ly %e w  raise h] head1 look ab\t 
! /able1 lie d[n aga91 & roll ?ree  or  
f\r times on h] back1 b nev] ov] h]     
back1 :i* is done =  ! purpose ( loos5+ 
! membrane or l9+ ( ! womb spok5 (  9   
,plate ,i1 :5 %e w rise up1 g aft] h]   
(fspr+1 lick & dry  x1 aft] :i* !       
membrane & ! aft]bir? w be dis*>g$4  ,:5
 ! colt is dry1 x %\ld be assi/$ to its 
"m to obta9  n\ri%m5t4    ,sometimes !  
membrane atta*$ to ! womb w rema9 fa/1 &
 9  ?is mann] reta9 ! aft]bir?4 ,9 ?is  
case1 ble$+ f ?ree  to f\r qu>ts1 & giv+
 foll[+ dose ( m$ic9e 9 "o p9t (        
flaxse$ tea is recomm5d$1 viz3        #a
 oz4 ,laudanum1      #a oz4 sweet       
,spirits ( ,nit]4    ,?is w correct     
ev]y?+ 9 a few h\rs4 ,9 "s extreme      
cases1  ! membrane1 ! aft]bir? & ! fluid
 conta9$ ) ! foal  rema9$ 9 ! womb aft] 
a complete sep>ation f ! womb1 caus+    

su* a /rong inflammation1 t "s p>ts _h  
began to mortify4  ,i h bl$ copi\sly1 & 
giv5 "o l>ge tablespoonful ( fev]       
m$ic9e1 compos$ (        #d oz4 (       
,nitre1        0  0  ,digitalis1        
0  0  ,t>t> ,emetic1    9 "o p9t (      
,l9se$ tea1 e ?ree h\rs1 & by means ( a 
syr+e1 or bladd]1 ) a clean piece ( eld]
 ti$ 9 ! neck1 ,i  h inject$ into ! womb
 f f\r to six qu>ts ( ,l9se$ tea1  :i*  
caus$ a copi\s dis*>ge ( bloody matt] f 
! womb1  am\nt+ sometimes to a bucket   
full4 ,9 extraord9>y cases1 !  purify+  
organs 7 ov]p[]$ & ! mortifi$ blood 0   
c>ri$  ?r\gh ! :ole sy/em1 & ev5 !n !   
m>e recov]$ to a c]ta9  degree1 until 9 
ab\t a week aft]w>ds h] ho(s came (f1   
caus$ by  ! mortifi$ blood1 & %e 0      
accord+ly de/roy$4    ,illu/ration3     
,,plate ,,iii4    ,! above ,engrav+     
repres5ts a false pres5tation4 ,! two =e
 feet  are pres5t$1 & ! head rema9s     
beh9d 9 ! "r flank ( !  m>e4 ,! op]ator 
w be able to tell :e!r !y are ! front   
or h9d feet1 by exam9+ ! knee jo9ts4    

,n[1 a b[l conta9+  two or ?ree qu>ts ( 
v w>m wat]1 ) a l>ge tablespoonful (  v 
f9e l>d or l9se$ oil on ! surface ( !   
wat]1 %\ld be  at h&4 ,"u no            
circum/ances %\ld a h& or arm be        
introduc$ to  ! m>e1 unless fir/        
?or\ghly w>m$ & greas$1 o!rwise !y  are 
rank poison to ! m>e4 ,aft] ! arm is    
prep>$1 ! f+]s  & ?umb %\ld be br\ght to
 a po9t1 & %\ld be introduc$1  foll[+ ! 
*annel1 until ! neck ( ! foal is rea*$  
at ,fig4  #a1 :5 ! full "r h& %\ld grasp
 ! neck1 ! left h& be+  support$ aga9/ !
 m>e1 :5 ! op]ator %\ld pull ) all 8    
/r5g?1 9 ord] to draw ! neck fur!r up1  
:5 ! h& %\ld  pass d[n along ! neck1    
/ill draw+ z x passes along1 until      
rea*+ ,fig4 #b1 ! e>1 :5 he c make good 
progress1 until he  c ins]t ! middle f+]
 9 ! eye1 at :i* po9t he is able to     
raise ! muzzle1 ,fig4 #c1 s f>1 t he may
 close 8 h& ov] x1  & 9 a m9ute1 all w  
be "r 9 ! op]ation4 ,b let no "o        
suppose1 t ?is is accompli%$ 9 t5 or    
fifte5 m9utes4 ,sometimes  x may1 b 9 _m

 in/ances1 ,i h labor$ = an h\r1 & ev5  
two & a half h\rs4 ,9 "s cases1 ! sev]e 
ex]tion1 & ! heat  ( ! m>e1 caus$ my    
art]ial circulation to =ce s p[]fully 9 
my arm1 t ,i 0 (t5 afraid my ve9s w\ld  
bur/2 9 ?is case ,i  w\ld )draw my arm =
 a m9ute or two1 & !n g to "w aga94  ,9 
my entire practice1 ,i h fail$ b 9 ?ree 
cases1 t ( two  m>es & "o c[1 to        
accompli% my object4 ,i 0 (t5 call$1 :]e
  two1 ?ree1 & ev5 f\r m5 _h be5 summon$
 be=e me1 ow+ to !  di/ance ,i liv$     
away1 & succe$$ 9 e in/ance :]e o!rs    
fail$4 ,i resolv$ n to fail 9 any case1 
b ?is det]m9ation  prov$ disa/r\s to    
myself1 inasmu*1 z ,i became subject to 
palpitation ( ! he>t1 s t ,i c\ld n     
foll[ my bus9ess =  m ?an twelve ye>s4  
,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4    ,( !     
cases repres5t$ 9 ,plate ,,iii1 ,i _h a 
l>ge numb]2 ( su* z  are pres5t$ 9      
,plate ,,iv1 only a few1 ( :i* ,i w     
describe only  "o4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,june1  
#ahed1 ,i 0 call$ to ! premises ( ,mr4  
,george ,brau*]1 9 ,h>tley t[n%ip1      

,union c\nty4    ,9 ?is case ! h& & arm 
mu/ be prep>$1 z already describ$1  &   
ins]t$ to ! elb[1 ,fig4 #a4 ,a great    
am\nt ( =ce is requir$  to raise ! leg1 
until ! knee jo9t is br\ght up4 ,! left 
h&  %\ld !n be w>m$ & greas$ by an      
assi/ant1 & introduc$1  plac+ x on !    
knee-jo9t2 ! "r h& %\ld !n be pass$     
d[n1 grasp ! foot1 & turn x backw>ds1 :5
 ! left h&  %\ld press inw>d ) great    
=ce1 & ) ! "r h& br+  up ! foot1 keep+ x
 turn$ backw>ds4 ,:5 ! foot is br\ght   
up1 a rope %\ld be atta*$ to ! l[] jaw (
 ! foal1 :5 an  assi/ant %\ld take hold 
( ! rope & pull 9 a slightly d[nw>d     
direction2 9 ?is way ! foal w be deliv]$
 ) ! greate/  ease4 ,sometimes "o %\ld] 
w pres5t itself1 & ! o!r w  incl9e a    
little to ! re>4 ,"u su* circum/ances1  
too mu* =ce  %\ld n be employ$2 ! foal  
%\ld be turn$ sometimes f "r  to left1 &
 !n aga9 f left to "r1 frequ5tly        
introduc+ !  h&1 & mov+ x ar\nd ! foal4 
,9 all cases ! membrane or sk9  %\ld be 
kept 9 its prop] position ar\nd ! foal1 

z ?is w  greatly assi/ ! "w1 & make x "o
 ( comp>ative ease4    ,9 ! above case1 
! foal pres5t$ itself 9 ! aft]noon ( !  
#ab?1 & all ! kn[+ m5 ( ! neighborhood 7
 summon$1 &  all ( !m labor$ until      
night1 :5 !y 7 oblig$ to give x up  &   
pron\nce x a failure4--,! next morn+ a  
mess5g] 0 s5t =  me4 ,i arriv$ at ! spot
 at half pa/ t5 o'clock1 9 ! morn+1 &   
at twelve o'clock noon1 ,i _h ! object  
accompli%$1 & we sat d[n  to a he>ty    
d9n]4 ,9 ,decemb] #ahfh1 ! m>e 0 /ill   
alive4    ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4     
,on ! #cj? day ( ,april1 #ahee1 :5 ab\t 
ready to retire to b$ aft]  a h>d day's 
drive1 two mess5g]s1 ,mr4 ,b4 ,cram]1 f 
,middlecreek1  & ,mr4 ,uriah ,b]g]1 f   
,c5tre t[n%ip1 arriv$ at my h\se        
toge!r4 ,aft] "s consid]ation1 ,i       
conclud$ to accompany ,mr4  ,b]g]1 & on 
arriv+1 ,i f\nd a foal1 hav+ pres5t$    
itself z  repres5t$ 9 ! prec$+ ,engrav+4
 ,be=e my arrival1 ?ree m5  _h ex]t$ all
 _! /r5g? = an h\r or m1 to extract x1 b
  hav+ fail$1 !y left be=e my arrival4  

,9 ?is case1 ! m>e is v re/less1        
repeat$ly ris+ up & ly+  d[n aga94 ,x w 
require "o man to att5d to ! head ( !   
m>e1  & two m5 mu/ take hold ( ! foal1  
raise x up t[>d ! tail (  ! m>e1 & be>  
inw>ds ) all _! /r5g?1 :5 ! op]ator  mu/
 put all 8 =ce to "o ( ! h9d feet1 & pu%
 t 9 at  full arm's l5g?2 ! o!r side mu/
 be treat$ 9 ! same mann]4  ,b let ea*  
"o be> 9 m9d1 :5 ! foal is mov$ inw>d1 !
 m>e  w h pa9 & t %e w be> t[>ds y1 s t 
sometimes  b little is accompli%$4      
,we labor$ fai?fully f elev5 o'clock    
until "o1 :5 ,i took a  midnight meal & 
dep>t$ = ,middlecreek t[n%ip4    ,9 "s  
cases ( ! above k9d1 h[ev]1 ,i _h       
accompli%$ my object  9 mu* less "t1 ?an
 9 ?is "o4    ,illu/ration3 ,,plate     
,,vi4    ,on ! #e? ( ,may1 #ahee1 ,i 0  
call$ to ! premises ( ,john ,deabl]1  9 
,beav] t[n%ip1 ,snyd] c\nty1 :]e ,i f\nd
 a foal pres5t+ !  tail1 z repres5t$ 9  
,plate ,,vi4 ,pres5tations ( ?is k9d    
occur  b r>ely4 ,9 ?is case ! op]ator   
mu/ prep>e 8 h& & arm z  be=e /at$1 &   

introduce x1 tak+ hold ov] ! /ifle-jo9t 
at  ,fig4 #a1 !n1 by a /rong ef=t1 pull 
upw>d slipp+ 8 h& d[n to  ,fig4 #b1 :5  
he mu/ draw up ! knee-jo9t z f> z       
possible2 !n  place ! left h& on ! knee 
jo9t1 & pass ! "r h& d[n to  ,fig4 #c1 !
 foot1 grasp x firmly1 & b5d x backw>d1 
at ! same  "t pull+ upw>d1 & ) left ! h&
 be>+ inw>d1 :5 !  foot w yield 9 a     
mom5t4 ,! o!r side mu/ be dealt ) 9 !   
same mann]4    ,illu/ration3 ,,plate    
,,vii4    ,! above ,engrav+ repres5ts ! 
foal ) ! h9d feet =emo/4  ,!y w g5]ally 
be project$ aga9/ ! upp] "p ( !         
entrance4 ,x is be/ to extract !m 9 ?is 
position1 z turn+  !m is almo/          
impossible4 ,! head w rema9 s f> beh9d1 
t x  _c be rea*$4 ,by keep+ ! membrane  
or sk9 prop]ly ov] !  foal1 !re w be b  
little difficulty exp]i5c$ 9 extract+   
x4 ,! foal %\ld sometimes be drawn      
d[nw>d t[>d ! feet ( !  m>e1 & !n upw>ds
 t[>ds ! tail1 frequ5tly turn+ x half   
way  r\nd1 & !n back aga94 ,! foal w    
necess>ily be dead4    ,_m cases ( ?is  

k9d w occur 9 a neighborhood 9 ! c\rse (
  tw5ty ye>s4    ,illu/ration3 ,,plate  
,,viii4    ,! above ,engrav+ repres5ts a
 foal :i* has di$ f "s cause  or o!r    
ab\t n9e days ago1 ! m>e want+ ! prop]  
pa9s to  deliv] x4 ,! foal is n[ bloat$ 
to su* an ext5t1 t x is 9  a condition  
to rupture ! womb1 & ! h& c n be pass$  
ar\nd  ! foal4 ,x is an utt]            
impossibility to extract x 9 ! usual    
way4  ,! op]ator mu/ procure a knife1 v 
/raight 9 ! blade1 f  twelve to fifte5  
in*es 9 l5g?1 wrap ! :ole blade 9 a     
piece  ( musl91 take ! po9t ( ! knife 9 
8 left h&1 turn+ !  edge d[nw>d1 put 8  
h& 9 ! entrance ( ! womb & run x  d[n   
until he rea*es ! *e/ ( ! foal4 ,he mu/ 
!n introduce  ! "r h&1 grasp ! h&le1 &  
hold x firm2 !n ) ! left  h& he w slip !
 musl9 f ! blade1 & ) ! fir/ f+]  ( !   
left h& f9d ! spot :]e ! w9dpipe comes  
out ( !  *e/4 ,aft] ! po9t ( ! knife is 
set1 ! "r h& mu/ =ce  ! blade1 to its   
full l5g? if possible1 ?r\gh !          
,diaphragm1 &  !n )draw x4 ,! left h&   

mu/ reta9 its hold ^u ! musl9  dur+ !   
entire op]ation1 & z ! blade is )drawn f
 !  foal1 x mu/ aga9 be c>efully wrapp$ 
ar\nd ! knife1 ! left  h& seiz+ ! po9t 9
 ! same mann] z :5 x 0 introduc$4  ,aft]
 ! arm hold+ ! knife is )drawn1 a v     
nause\s gas  w escape1 & 9 a %ort "t !  
front feet may be rea*$1 !n  ! head1    
aft] :i* ! op]ation w proce$ z describ$ 
9 !  =ego+ pages4    ,illu/ration3      
,,plate ,,ix4    ,on ! #bj? day ( ,may1 
#ahed1 ,i 0 call$ to ! field ( ,mr4 ,sem
  ,s*o*1 ( ,new ,b]l91 ,union c\nty1    
,pa41 :]e ,i f\nd a m>e 9 !  act (      
foal+1 9 :i* ! foal pres5t$ ! f\r feet  
at once4  ,^! cases are ( r>e occurr5ce1
 & x is well = ! vet]9>y  ,surgeon1 or 8
 life w\ld be a brief "o4 ,i nev] injur$
 myself at  any "w to a great] ext5t1   
?an ,i did 9 treat+ ^! cases4           
,sometimes ! ho(s w only protrude f !   
entrance1 leav+ !  :ole body ( ! foal 9 
a curv$ position ! head be+ turn$       
backw>d1 z describ$ 9 ! =ego+ ,engrav+4 
,! head %\ld be  br\ght =w>d1 b ,i      

always f\nd x impossible 9 e case ( ?is 
description1 to accompli% ?is4 ,a cord  
mu/ be loop$ ar\nd ! h9d  legs1 to avoid
 los+ !m2 !n ! f\r legs mu/ be put back 
aga9  z f> z possible1 & ! foal mu/ be  
turn$1 9 ord] to get !  head d[n & !    
back up4    ,if an ef=t 0 made to       
extract ! foal z x is pres5t$1 ! back   
w\ld come 9 bel[1 & ! op]ation w\ld be  
impossible2 b if x  is prop]ly turn$1 x 
may be extract$ 9 ! same mann]1 z ^?    
:i* pres5t only ! h9d feet1 z already   
describ$4 ,^! cases  require m aid ?an  
any o!rs t ,i h ev] treat$4 ,two or ?ree
  m5 %\ld take hold ( ! m>e's head &    
neck1 to keep h] d[n1  o!rwise %e w     
plunge ab\t fe>fully4 ,"o or two m5 %\ld
 assi/  ! ,surgeon1 z ! ef=t requir$ =  
?is op]ation is s great t  "o man is    
soon exhau/$4    ,two & ?ree h\rs are   
(t5 requir$ to accompli% ! object 9  ^! 
cases1 b ,i h succe$$ 9 e "o ( !m 9     
pres]v+  ! m>e alive4          ,,! ,,c[ 
,,& ,,calf4      ,illu/ration    ,!     
av]age p]iod ( ge/ation 9 ! c[ is #bgj  

days2 ! %orte/  #abj days1 & ! longe/   
#cac days4 ,! calf is plac$ 9 ! same    
position1 & 9 ! same side ( ! c[1 z is !
 foal 9 ! m>e4  ,mal-pres5tations (     
calves are treat$ 9 ! same mann] z ^? ( 
! foal1 ) ?is advantage1 t calves w live
 mu* long] ?an  ! foal4 ,i h _h cases1  
:]e ,i extract$ ! calf tw5ty-f\r  h\rs  
aft] !y 7 rais$1 & deliv]$ !m alive &   
s\nd4    ,ab\t two weeks be=e calv+1 !  
c[ %\ld h1 9 addition to  h] ord9>y     
food1 a half p9t ( rye1 ev5+ & morn+1 z 
t is  a sure means ( tak+ ! clean+ "r   
aft] ! deliv]y ( !  calf4 ,%\ld ?is be  
neglect$1 %e %\ld be slopp$ ) two qu>ts 
( :eat bran & half a teacupful (        
flaxse$1 twice a day4 ,if !  clean+ does
 n come (f on ! ?ird day1 x %\ld be     
twi/$ back  ( ! c['s %ape1 until x      
becomes a solid cord1 :5 a small knife  
enclos$ 9 ! h& %\ld be introduc$ into ! 
womb1 & ! cord  cut (f ab\t fifte5 in*es
 f ! entrance4 ,?is is ab\t all t  w    
incommode ! c[2 ! o!r w pass (f ab\t !  
n9? day1  & ! c[ w be all "r4 ,%\ld ! c[

 h inflammation 9 !  udd]1 or any o!r   
place1 %e %\ld be dr5*$ ) "o lb4 (      
,epsom  ,salts4 ,! horns %\ld be exam9$1
 & if !y are sometimes w>m &  !n cold   
aga91 a hole %\ld be bor$ ?r\gh !m1 ab\t
 two in*es  f ! head1 & ! back ( ! c[   
%\ld be fom5t$ ) v  /rong salt-wat]2 !  
tail %\ld be slit on bo? sides ab\t an  
in*  & a half4 ,9 extreme cases a *>ge  
%\ld be boil$1 & spread on  ! lo9s1     
consi/+ (        #a p9t ( t>1      #b   
oz4 ,ros91      #b oz4 ,beeswax4        
,aft] ! *>ge is spread on1 x %\ld be    
cov]$ ) t[ or wool4    ,calves w        
sometimes1 on acc\nt ( ! c['s milk be+  
burn$1 h  a sev]e ,di>rhea4 ,:5 ?is is !
 case !y %\ld be dr5*$ )  milk f ! c[1  
conta9+ "o l>ge tablespoonful ( :eat    
fl\r1  & half a teaspoonful ( g+]4 ,%\ld
 ?is n be suffici5t1 opium  may be add$ 
to x ! size ( two gra9s ( :eat4         
,,clap ,,or ,,pox4      ,illu/ration    
,on ! #g? day ( ,june1 #ahec1 a ,/allion
 0 br\ght "u my  obs]vation1 own$ by    
,*ri/ian ,k]r1 ( ,c5tre t[n%ip1 !n      

,union c\nty1 :i* _h t5 di/9ct ulc]s on 
8 p5is1 v>y+  9 size f a pea to a dime4 
,^! ulc]s 7 accompani$ ) a  dis*>ge1    
sometimes bloody1 emitt+ a v            
disagreeable odor1 t  0 p]ceptible at a 
di/ance ( ?ree or f\r rods4 ,! att5dant 
(  ?is horse1 notic$ ^! ulc]s ab\t five 
days previ\s to ! "t  ,i 0 consult$1 :5 
! m>ks 7 v small4 ,he rem>k$ to me1  t  
8p decl9$ to all[ 8 horse to cov] _!    
m>es1 /at+1  t he 0 diseas$ ) ! pox40 ,&
 ,i actually f\nd ?is to be !  case4 ,i 
dress$ ! horse1 & s5t him away4    ,t   
night ,i exam9$ all ! works vet]9>y     
,sci5ce t ,i c\ld  comm&1 & f\nd b a    
s+le "o t made ! lea/ m5tion ( !        
disease1 b giv+ nei!r ! cause or        
treatm5t ( x4    ,9 less ?an a week1 ,i 
_h ov] tw5ty m>es to att5d1 t 7  affect$
 by ! horse4    ,i treat$ ! horse & m>es
 accord+ to ! be/ ( my judgm5t1  hav+   
fir/ obta9$ ! advice ( an em95t human   
,physician1 & ,i  soon became p]fect    
ma/] ( ! disease1 & sav$ all b two m>es 
t 7 plac$ "u my c>e4 ,i f\nd1 t :]e !   

disease _h  tak5 deep root & ent]$ !    
sy/em1 e ef=t to save ! animal  0 9 va91
 & h5ce1 ,i am satisfi$1 t :]e ! disease
 has  be5 suff]$ to g un*eck$1 until x  
became s deeply root$ z to  vitiate !   
:ole sy/em1 x is incurable4             
,,cause4    ,m>es w sometime get 9      
season e>ly 9 ! spr+1 :5 !y w  dis*>ge a
 ?91 :iti% fluid1 resembl+ blui% milk1 (
 a glut9\s  nature1 b v clean4 ,if ! m>e
 does n become pregnant until !  latt]  
"p ( ,may or ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 ?is fluid
 w *ange  into a matt]y /ate1 & w affect
 ! p>ts 9 ! region ( !  womb to su* an  
ext5t z to cause rawness & inflammation4
    ,a m>e1 t is 9 a condition z        
describ$ above1 is v apt to  communicate
 to ! horse cov]+ h]1 ! disease (       
,gonorrha1 or  ,clap1 especially if su* 
horse be p]mitt$ to cov] f five1 twelve 
& fifte5 m>es a day1 :]e ano!r horse1   
cov]+ only once e  few days w escape    
unh>m$4 ,! reason ( ?is is evid5t2 !    
p5is  ( ! "o cov]+ s _m m>es1 becomes v 
t5d] & almo/  transp>5t1 s z almo/ to   

cause ! blood to %9e ?r\gh x4    ,ano!r 
in/ance 9 :i* a horse is apt to become  
diseas$1 is1 :5  he is suff]$ to cov] a 
m>e on ! n9? day aft] %e has und]gone  !
 process ( foal+4 ,at ?is p]iod !re is  
/ill a dis*>ge (  bloody matt]1 :i* is v
 apt to g5]ate clap 9 an animal ( !     
opposite sex4      ,,description ,,(    
,,disease4    ,sometimes !re w appe> on 
! p5is ( ! ,/allion1 small :ite         
blot*es1 on ! surface ( ! sk91 f ! size 
( a p9's head to  t ( a gra9 ( :eat1    
:i*1 on ! foll[+ day w be d\ble  9 size4
 ,on ! ?ird or f\r? day1 a pea might be 
set 9 ! ulc]s1  :i* w emit an (f5sive   
odor1 & :i* w spread ) great  rapidity4 
,9 ! m>e blot*es w appe> on ! %ape1 ( a 
deep r$ color1  app>5tly eat5 ?r\gh !   
surface ( ! sk91 :i* w enl>ge  v        
rapidly4 ,9 a day or two1 small tumors w
 appe>1 ext5d+ f  ! %ape 9 a d[nw>d     
direction to ! hams4 ,^! tumors are (   
diff]5t sizes1 v>y+ f t ( a pea to t ( a
 half gallon  crock4 ,!y are ( a v      
virul5t nature1 v (t5 caus+ a pa9ful    

rawness 9 ! entrance to ! womb1 & ext5d+
 f "o to "o &  a half in*es4            
,,treatm5t4    ,! ,/allion %\ld be      
br\ght out to a f5ce1 & a m>e %\ld be   
plac$ on ! o!r side ( ! f5ce1 di/ant    
ab\t "o rod4 ,?is w  cause ! ,/allion to
 pres5t 8 p5is4 ,a clean crock %\ld be 9
  read9ess1 conta9+ two ounces ( *loride
 ( lime1 & two qu>ts  ( lukew>m wat]4   
,!re %\ld also be on h& a teacup1       
conta9+ a  /em ( nitrate ( silv] "o f\r?
 ( an in* 9 l5g?1 :i* %\ld  be pulv]iz$ 
& dissolv$ 9 tablespoonful ( wat]4      
,ano!r teacup  %\ld be at h&1 conta9+ "o
 teaspoonful ( t9cture ( myrrh4    ,9 ! 
crock !re %\ld be a sponge ! size ( an  
ord9>y apple1  ) a small /ick ti$ to x4 
,ea* ( ! cups %\ld be provid$ )  a small
 p5cil1 made ( s(t musl91 ab\t ! size ( 
a quill4    ,! op]ator %\ld n[ draw on a
 pair ( lea!r gloves1 & seize !  p5is at
 ! po9t ) ! left h&1 & ) ! "r h&1 take  
! sponge & wa% (f ! :ole p5is1 f "o end 
to ! o!r4  ,!n /ir up ! cup conta9+ !   
nitrate ( silv]1 take ! p5cil  & ano9t  

all ! spots or m>ks on ! p5is2 !n foll[ 
) !  t9cture ( myrrh4    ,?is op]ation  
%\ld be accompli%$ 9 less ?an fifte5    
m9utes1 &  ! application %\ld be made   
twice a day4    ,! m>e %\ld be br\ght   
out ) a bl9d bridle & coll> on1 &  ti$ )
 ! head to a po/4 ,! tail %\ld be d\bl$ 
up & a rope  loop$ ar\nd x1 & x %\ld be 
drawn on ! back & ! rope ti$  to !      
coll>4 ,!n ! :ole %ape %\ld be wa%$ (f )
 !  solution ( *loride ( lime2 !n ano9t 
! m>ks ) ! nitrate (  silv]1 & also ) ! 
t9cture ( myrrh4 ,at ea* op]ation ^!    
prep>ations %\ld be introduc$ ab\t "o & 
half in*es )9 !  %ape4    ,%\ld any     
tumors h made _! appe>ance1 !y mu/ be   
dress$ 9  ! same mann]4 ,if !y are l>ge 
& s(t1 !y %\ld be cut op5  & !n dress$ 9
 ! same way4    ,! =ego+ disease has    
sometimes reappe>$ 9 o!r animals =  f\r 
ye>s foll[+ my treatm5t ( ! above cases 
b by always  br++ !m promptly to my     
notice1 ,i succe$$ inv>iably 9 *eck+  x1
 s t x nev] came to ! same /ate z be=e4 
,,co/iv5ess ,,9 ,,colts4      ,sometimes

 colts :i* are foal$ e>ly 9 ! ,spr+1 ow+
 to ! dry  food ( ! m>e1 w become s     
co/ive1 t !y w inevitably  die1 if n    
reliev$4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 ?is co/iv5ess is
 conf9$  to ! rectum4    ,to relieve !  
colt1 x %\ld be dr5*$ ) half a teacupful
 (  milk f ! m>e1 :i* %\ld conta9       
,b>badoes ,aloes1 ! size  ( a gra9 (    
corn1 pulv]iz$1 & ab\t an equal am\nt ( 
g+]1  e six h\rs2 at ! same "t an       
injection %\ld be prep>$1 z  foll[s3    
take "o qu>t ( :eat bran1 & p\r on x    
?ree qu>ts (  boil+ wat]4 ,:5 cold draw 
(f ! liquid1 add "o teacupful (  sweet  
milk1 half a teacupful ( molasses4 ,!n  
by means ( a syr+e  inject ?is          
composition into ! rectum4 ,or1 if a    
syr+e _c be  procur$1 a bladd] ) a clean
 piece ( eld] ti$ 9 ! neck (  x may be  
introduc$ into ! rectum4 ,9 a few m9utes
 aft]1 a f+]  %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! rectum1
 :5 a small ball ( excrem5t may  be tak5
 out1 ab\t ! size ( a hickory-nut4 ,i h 
(t5 tak5 out  twelve & f\rte5 su* balls 
9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty m9utes4 ,aft]  ?is no 

m m$ic9e is ne$$4          ,,di>rh,a4   
,sometimes1 ! m>e be+ f$ too /rong on   
rye *op fe$1 corn1 or  m[-burn$ oats1 or
 be+ ov]work$1 ! milk gets too /rong1   
caus+  a v sev]e di>rha 9 ! colt4 ,?is w
 s mu* exhau/ ! colt1  t x w die 9 a    
week or two4    ,,treatm5t4--,if        
occasion$ by fe$+ rye *op1 or any ( !   
above  nam$ causes1 discont9ue ! use (  
!m1 & sub/itute good oats &  hay1 & give
 ! colt1 9 half a teacupful ( milk f !  
m>e3        ,"o tablespoonful ( :eat    
fl\r1      ,opium1 ! size ( two gra9s ( 
:eat1      ,g+]1 half a teaspoonful1    
e six h\rs1 until x w s]e4 ,%\ld ! colt 
h pa91 :i*  w be exhibit$ by ly+ d[n &  
attempt+ to roll on its back1 &  groan+ 
incessantly1 ! treatm5t %\ld be *ang$4  
,take half a  teacupful ( milk f ! m>e1 
,"o l>ge teaspoonful ( laudanum1       0
    0        0      sweet spirits nitre1
       0    0        0      spirits     
turp5t9e1    e ?ree h\rs1 until relief  
is obta9$4    ,or1 boil v /rong m9t tea1
 & give two l>ge tablespoonfuls e  h\r  

until reliev$4          ,,feeble        
,,colts4      ,sometimes colts are v    
feeble :5 foal$4 ,! cause may be        
attribut$ to ! atmosph]e1 or r to an    
epidemic peculi> to "s  localities4 ,_m 
are br\ght =? s weak1 t !y are n able to
  rise )\t assi/ance4 ,a con/ant dropp+ 
( wat] f ! navel  may be p]ceivable1 & !
 colt becomes s mu* enfeebl$ t dea?  w  
%ortly ensue4      ,,cause4             
,sometimes aft] dea?1 on exam9ation1 !  
liv] 0 f\nd to be  decay$2 at o!r times 
! kidneys4 ,sometimes a bli/] w be f\nd 
on "o side ( ! lungs1 ! size ( a h5's   
egg1 & z cle> z  cry/al1 & fill$ ) a    
fluid4 ,at o!r times x is no?+ b a      
g5]al debility ( ! sy/em4               
,,treatm5t4    ,! colt %\ld be dr5*$ )  
half a teacupful ( milk f !  m>e1 :i*   
%\ld conta91         teaspoonful ( ,g+]1
      #a tablespoonful ( ! be/ grape    
w9e4    ,a *>ge %\ld be spread on ! lo9s
 :i* %\ld consi/ (         lb4 ( ,t>1   
#a oz4 ( ,ros91      #a oz4 ( ,beeswax1 
boil$ into pit*1 ! :ole cov]$ ) t[ or   

wool1 & ! colt  %\ld be well att5d$ to4 
,!y w sometimes recov] 9 a few days4    
,"o came "u my obs]vation1 t recov]$    
aft] five weeks1 & 0  sold = an extra   
price f\r ye>s aft]w>ds4          ,,cure
 ,,( ,,w\nds4      ,horses are sometimes
 expos$ to mu* dang]1 & w sometimes     
receive  ! mo/ extraord9>y w\nds4 ,= !  
la/ t5 ye>s ,i h us$ v  little else1 ?an
 a solution ( ! *loride ( ,lime4 ,x is a
 sure  means ( keep+ out cold &         
inflammation4    ,fir/ clean ! w\nd f   
all fil?y matt]1 & br+ x into a  heal?y 
/ate1 & 9 ?is mann] nature w heal x z   
soon z !  be/ o9tm5t 9 ! _w4    ,take   
*loride ( ,lime1 #b oz41 dissolve x 9 #b
 qu>ts ( lukew>m  wat]4 ,!n wa% out !   
w\nd once a day4 ,if x is deep & runs1 a
  syr+e %\ld be at h& 9 ord] to =ce !   
composition to e  "p ( x 9 ! inside4    
,%\ld pr\d fle% spr+ up at ! entrance  (
 ! w\nd1 pulv]iz$ blue vitriol %\ld be  
appli$4 ,9 tw5ty-f\r  h\rs aft] !       
application1 y c rub (f f "o f\r? to "o 
half in*4 ,apply x aga91 until x gets   

bel[ ! surface ( !  sk91 !n apply a     
little t9cture ( myrrh4          ,,h9ts 
,,ab\t ,,fatt5+ ,,hogs4      ,give y\r  
hogs an abundance ( *>coal4 ,if any %\ld
 be f\nd]$1  take #b ounces ( ,nitre1   
7salt-pet]17 #a ounce ( ,b>badoes       
,aloes1  pulv]ize x v f9e1 & give ! "o  
f\r? "p ( x e six  h\rs4          ,,h9ts
 ,,ab\t ,,%eep4      ,keep y\r %eep out 
( clov] pa/ure4 ,scant blue grass is !  
pa/ure  = %eep4 ,salt once a week4      
,raise ! floor ( y\r fold f f\r to  six 
feet above ! gr\nd1 bo>d x only on ?ree 
sides1 & simply  la? x on ! s\? side1 & 
y\r %eep w be heal?y & )\t  di/emp]4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,errata4--,on page elev51 9 ! fif? l9e1
 in/ead ( 8entrance10 read  8:ole40     
,,f9is4