,,h5ley',s ,,tw5tie? ,,c5tury ,,recipes1 ,,=mulas ,,& ,,processes ,,conta9+ ,,t5 ,,?\s& ,,select$ ,,h\sehold ,,& ,,work%op ,,=mulas1 ,,recipes1 ,,processes ,,& ,,money-,,sav+ ,,me?ods ,,= ,,! ,,practical ,,use ,,( ,,manufactur]s1 ,,me*anics1 ,,h\sekeep]s ,,& ,,home ,,work]s ,,edit$ ,,by ,,g>dn] ,d4 ,,hiscox1 ,m4,e4 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,me*anical ,,movem5ts1 ,,p[]s ,,& ,,devices10 8,,compress$ ,,air10 8,,gas1 ,,gasol9e ,,& ,,oil ,,eng9es10 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration #aiad ,,edition1 ,,revis$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,norman ,w4 ,,h5ley ,,publi%+ ,,company #acb ,,nassau ,,/reet #aiad ,,copyright1 #aiad ,,& #aiac1 ,,by ,,! ,,norman ,w4 ,,h5ley ,,publi%+ ,,company ,,copyright1 #aiab ,,& #aijg1 ,,by ,,! ,,norman ,w4 ,,h5ley ,,publi%+ ,,company ,also1 ,ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall ,c\rt1 ,london1 ,engl& ,all rights res]v$ ,,! ,,tr[ ,,press1 ,,new ,,york ,,preface ,9 compil+ ?is book ( =mulas1 recipes & processes1 ! ,editor has endeavor$ to meet ! practical requirem5ts ( ! home & work%op--! me*anic1 ! manufactur]1 ! artisan1 ! h\sewife1 & ! g5]al home work]4 ,9 addition to ex]cis+ ! utmo/ c>e 9 select+ 8 mat]ials f compet5t s\rces1 ! ,editor has also modifi$ =mulas :i* 7 obvi\sly ill adapt$ = 8 ne$s1 b 7 valuable if alt]$4 ,processes ( que/ionable m]it he has disc>d$4 ,by adh]+ to ?is plan ! ,editor tru/s t he has succe$$ 9 prep>+ a repository ( useful k repres5t+ ! exp]i5ce ( exp]ts 9 e bran* ( practical a*ievem5t4 ,mu* ( ! matt] has be5 specially translat$ = ?is "w f =eign te*nological p]iodicals & books4 ,9 ?is way ! ,editor has embodi$ mu* practical in=mation o!rwise inaccessible to mo/ ,engli%-speak+ p4 ,ea* recipe is to be reg>d$ z a basis ( exp]im5t1 to be modifi$ to suit ! p>ticul> purpose 9 h&1 or ! peculi> conditions :i* may affect ! exp]im5t]4 ,*emicals are n always ( uni=m relative purity & /r5g?2 heat or cold may m>k$ly influ5ce ! result obta9$1 & lack ( skill 9 ! h&l+ ( ut5sils & in/rum5ts may sometimes cause failure4 ,inasmu* z a p>ticul> =mula may n always be applicable1 ! ,editor has ?\ght x advisable to give z _m recipes z 8 space w\ld all[ "u ea* head+4 ,9 "s in/ances a s]ies ( =mulas is giv5 :i* app>5tly diff] b slightly 9 _! +r$i5ts4 ,?is has be5 done on ! pr9ciple t "o or m may be *os5 = ! purpose 9 h&4 ,recogniz+ ! fact t works ( a simil> "* are n unkn[n1 ! ,editor has endeavor$ to pres5t 9 ^! pages ! mo/ mod]n me?ods & =mulas4 ,naturally1 old recipes & s-call$ trade secrets :i* h prov5 _! value by long use are also includ$1 p>ticul>ly :]e no notewor?y advance has be5 made2 b ! prim>y aim has be5 to mod]nize & br+ ! entire "w up to ! pres5t date4 ,,! ,,editor4 ,,janu>y1 #aiad4 ,,p>tial ,,li/ ,,( ,,au?orities ,,consult$ ,apo!c>y1 ,!4 ,b]l9] ,drog4 ,zeitung4 ,brass ,_w4 ,briti% ,j\rnal ( ,photography4 ,*emical ,news4 ,*emik] ,zeitung ,rep]torium4 ,*emis* ,te*nis*e ,fabrikant4 ,*emis*e ,zeitung4 ,*emi/-,druggi/4 ,comptes ,r5dus4 ,cooley's ,receipts4 ,cosmos4 ,dekorationsmal]1 ,d]4 ,deuts*e ,drog4 ,zeitung4 ,deuts*e ,golds*mi$e ,zeitung4 ,deuts*e ,h&w]k4 ,deuts*e ,mal] ,zeitung4 ,deuts*e ,topf] und ,ziefl] ,zeitung4 ,d+l]'s ,polyte*nic ,j\rnal4 ,drogi/5 ,zeitung4 ,druggi/s' ,circul>4 ,engli% ,me*anic4 ,f>b5 ,zeitung4 ,gummi ,zeitung4 ,j\rnal d] ,golds*mi$ekun/4 ,j\rnal ( ,appli$ ,microscopy4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute4 ,j\rnal ,society ( ,*emical ,indu/ry4 ,j\rnal ,suisse d',horlog]ie4 ,k]amis*e ,runds*au4 ,la ,nature4 ,la ,sci5ce en ,famille4 ,la ,vie ,sci5tifique4 ,lack und ,f>b5 ,indu/rie4 ,legi]ung54 ,le ,g5ie ,civil4 ,le ,pratici54 ,leipzig] ,f>b] und ,zeugdruck] ,zeitung4 ,mal] ,zeitung4 ,metall>beit]4 ,m9+ & ,sci5tific ,press4 ,neue/e ,erf9dung5 und ,erfahrung54 ,n\velles ,sci5tifiques4 ,oils1 ,colors1 & ,drysalt]ies4 ,papi]-,zeitung4 ,p>fum]1 ,d]4 ,ph>maceutis*e ,zeitung4 ,ph>maceutis*e ,c5tralhalle4 ,ph>maceutis*e ,era4 ,ph>maceutis*e ,j\rnal4 ,ph>maceutis*e ,j\rnal ,=mul>y4 ,photo ,times4 ,polyte*4 ,c5tralblatt4 ,polyt4 ,notizblatt4 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,news4 ,pott]y ,gazette4 ,practical ,druggi/4 ,revue ,*ronometrique4 ,revue de la ,drogu]ie4 ,revue des ,produits ,*imiques4 ,revue ,indu/rielle4 ,sci5ce1 ,arts & ,nature4 ,sci5ce ,pratique4 ,seif5si$] ,zeitung1 ,d]4 ,seif5fabrikant1 ,d]4 ,spatula4 ,/e9 d] ,weis51 ,d]4 ,sudd4 ,apo?4 ,zeitung4 ,te*nis*es ,c5tralblatt4 ,te*nis*e ,runds*au4 ,uhl&'s ,te*nis*e ,runds*au4 ,v]z9n5 ,v]z9k5 ,v]nickeln1 ,das4 ,w]kmei/] ,zeitung4 ,wi5] ,drogi/5 ,zeitung4 ,wi5] ,gew]be ,zeitung4 ,zeits*rift fr die ,gesammte ,kohl5saure ,indu/rie4 #i ,,h5ley',s ,,book ,,( ,,recipes ,,abrasion ,,rem$y3 ,see ,cosmetics & ,o9tm5ts4 ,,abs9!3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,acid-,pro(+ ,an ,acid-,pro( ,table ,top4-- #a4 ,copp] sulphate #a "p ,potassium *lorate #a "p ,wat] #h p>ts ,boil until salts are dissolv$4 #b4 ,anil9e hydro*lorate #c p>ts ,wat] #bj p>ts ,or1 if m readily procurable3 ,anil9e #f p>ts ,hydro*loric acid #i p>ts ,wat] #ej p>ts ,by ! use ( a bru% two coats ( solution ,no4 #a are appli$ :ile hot2 ! second coat z soon z ! fir/ is dry4 ,!n two coats ( solution ,no4 #b1 & ! wood all[$ to dry ?or\ghly4 ,lat]1 a coat ( raw l9se$ oil is to be appli$1 us+ a clo? in/ead ( a bru%1 9 ord] to get a ?9n] coat ( ! oil4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,appli$ ,microscopy /ates t he has us$ ?is me?od ^u "s old laboratory tables :i* _h be5 f9i%$ 9 ! usual way1 ! wood hav+ be5 fill$ oil$1 & v>ni%$4 ,aft] scrap+ (f ! v>ni% d[n to ! wood1 ! solutions 7 appli$1 & ! result 0 v satisfactory4 ,aft] "s exp]im5tations ! =mula 0 modifi$ )\t mat]ially affect+ ! co/1 & app>5tly increas+ ! resi/ance ( ! wood to ! action ( /rong acids & alkalies4 ,! modifi$ =mula foll[s3 #a4 ,iron sulphate #d p>ts ,copp] sulphate #d p>ts ,potassium p]manganate #h p>ts ,wat]1 q4 s4 #ajj p>ts #b4 ,anil9e #ab p>ts ,hydro*loric acid #ah p>ts ,wat]1 q4 s4 #ajj p>ts ,or3 ,anil9e hydro*lorate #ae p>ts ,wat]1 q4 s4 #ajj p>ts ,solution ,no4 #b has n be5 *ang$1 except to arrange ! p>ts p] hundr$4 ,! me?od ( application is ! same1 except t aft] solution ,no4 #a has dri$ ! excess ( ! solution :i* has dri$ ^u ! surface ( ! wood is ?or\ghly rubb$ (f be=e ! application ( solution ,no4 #b4 ,! black color does n appe> at once1 b usually requires a few h\rs be=e becom+ ebony black4 ,! l9se$ oil may be dilut$ ) turp5t9e )\t disadvantage1 & aft] a few applications ! surface w take on a dull & n displeas+ poli%4 ,! table tops are easily clean$ by wa%+ ) wat] or suds aft] a c\rse ( "w is complet$1 & ! application ( ano!r coat ( oil puts !m 9 excell5t ord] = ano!r c\rse ( "w4 ,/rong acids or alkalies :5 spill$1 if soon wip$ (f1 h sc>cely a p]ceptible effect4 ,a slate or tile top is exp5sive n only 9 its orig9al co/1 b also z a de/roy] ( glassw>e4 ,wood tops :5 pa9t$1 oil$1 or p>aff9$ h objectionable features1 ! latt] especially 9 w>m wea!r4 ,old table tops1 aft] ! pa9t or oil is scrap$ (f d[n to ! wood1 take ! above f9i% ne>ly z well z ! new wood4 ,to ,make ,wood ,acid- & ,*lor9e-,pro(4--,take #f p\nds ( wood t> & #ab p\nds ros91 & melt !m toge!r 9 an iron kettle1 aft] :i* /ir 9 #h p\nds f9ely p[d]$ brick du/4 ,! damag$ p>ts mu/ be clean$ p]fectly & dri$1 :]eupon !y may be pa9t$ ov] ) ! w>m prep>ation or fill$ up & drawn (f1 leav+ ! film on ! inside4 ,protect+ ,cem5t ,aga9/ ,acid4--,a pa9t to protect cem5t aga9/ acid is obta9$ by mix+ pure asbe/os1 v f9ely p[d]$1 ) a ?ick solution ( #aj sodium silicate4 ,! sodium silicate mu/ be z alkal9e z possible4 ,! asbe/os is fir/ rubb$ ) a small quantity ( ! silicate1 until a cake is obta9$ & !n kept 9 well-clos$ vessels4 ,= use ?is cake is simply ?9n$ ) a solution ( ! silicate1 :i* furni%es a pa9t two or ?ree applications ( :i* protect ! walls ( res]voirs1 etc41 aga9/ any acid solid or liquid4 ,?is mass may also be employ$ = mak+ a coat+ ( s&/one4 ,to ,make ,corks ,imp]meable & ,acid-,pro(4--,*oose y\r corks c>efully4 ,!n plunge !m into a solution ( gelat9 or common glue1 #ae p>ts1 9 #bd p>ts ( glyc]9e & #ejj p>ts ( wat]1 heat$ to #dd or #dh ,c4 7#aab-abj ,f471 & keep !m !re = sev]al h\rs4 ,on remov+ ! corks1 :i* %\ld be weight$ d[n 9 ! solution1 dry !m 9 ! %ade until !y are free f all surplus moi/ure4 ,!y are n[ p]fectly tight1 reta9+ at ! same "t ! great] portion ( _! ela/icity & suppl5ess4 ,to r5d] !m acid-pro(1 !y %\ld be treat$ ) a mixture ( vasel9e1 #b p>ts1 & p>aff9e #g p>ts1 heat$ to ab\t #aje ,f4 ,?is second op]ation may be avoid$ by add+ to ! gelat9 solution a little ammonium di*romate & aft]w>ds expos+ ! corks to ! light4 ,l9+ = ,acid ,receptacles4--,plates are =m$ ( #a "p ( br[n slate1 #b ( p[d]$ glass1 & #a ( ,portl& cem5t1 ! :ole work$ up ) silicate ( soda1 mold$ & dri$4 ,make a cem5t compos$ ( gr\nd slate & silicate ( soda & sme> ! surface = ! l9+2 !n1 :ile x is /ill pla/ic1 apply ! plates prep>$ z above describ$4 ,in/ead ( ^! plates1 slabs ( glass or porcela9 or simil> sub/ances may be employ$ ) ! same cem5t4 ,,acacia1 ,,mucilage ,,(3 ,see ,adhesives "u ,mucilages4 ,,acid-,,pro( ,,glass3 ,see ,glass4 ,,acid-,,resi/+ ,,pa9t3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,acids1 ,,sold]+3 ,see ,sold]s4 ,,acid ,,/a9s ,,f ,,! ,,sk91 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,acid ,,te/ ,,= ,,v9eg>3 ,see ,v9eg>4 ,adhesives ,,glues3 ,manufacture ( ,glue4--,i4--,! usual process ( remov+ ! phosphate ( lime f bones = glue-mak+ purposes by means ( dilute hydro*loric acid has ! disadvantage t ! acid _c be reg5]at$4 ,attempts to use sulphur\s acid in/ead h s f> prov$ unsuccessful1 z1 ev5 ) ! l>ge quantities us$1 ! process is v sl[4 ,accord+ to a ,g]man inv5tion ?is difficulty ) sulphur\s acid c be avoid$ by us+ x 9 aque\s solution "u pressure4 ,! solution ( ! lime goes on v rapidly1 x is claim$1 & no tr\blesome precipitation ( calcium sulphite takes place4 ,bo? phosphate ( lime & sulphur\s acid are reg5]at$ f ! lyes by simple di/illation4 ,,ii4--,bones may be treat$ ) successive quantities ( comb9$ sulphur\s acid & wat]1 f :i* ! heat ( comb9ation has be5 previ\sly dissipat$1 ! solution be+ remov$ aft] ea* treatm5t1 be=e ! bone salts dissolv$ !re9 precipitate1 & be=e ! temp]ature rises above #gd ,f4--,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 #ghc1ghd4 ,,iii4--,a pat5t relat+ to ! process = treat+ animal s9ews1 prep>atory = ! glue factory1 has be5 grant$ to ,flor%eim1 ,*icago1 & consi/s 9 imm]s+ animal s9ews successively 9 petroleum or b5z9e to remove ! out] fle%y animal sk92 9 a h>d5+ or pres]v+ ba?1 z boric acid1 or alum or copp] sulphate2 & 9 an alkal9e ba? to remove fatty matt] f ! fibr\s "p ( ! s9ews4 ,! s9ews are aft]w>ds tann$ & dis9tegrat$4 ,te/ = ,glue4--,! m wat] ! glue takes up1 swell+ x1 ! bett] x is4 ,f\r ounces ( ! glue to be exam9$ are soak$ = ab\t #ab h\rs 9 a cool place 9 #d p\nds ( cold wat]4 ,if ! glue has dissolv$ aft] ?is "t1 x is ( bad quality & ( little value2 b if x is coh]5t1 gelat9\s1 & weigh+ d\ble1 x is good2 if x weighs up to #af ounces1 x is v good2 if z mu* z #bj ounces1 x may be call$ excell5t4 ,to ,prev5t ,glue f ,crack+4--,to prev5t glue f crack+1 :i* frequ5tly occurs :5 glu$ articles are #aa expos$ to ! heat ( a /ove1 a little *loride ( potassium is add$4 ,?is prev5ts ! glue f becom+ dry en\gh to crack4 ,glue ?us treat$ w adh]e to glass1 metals1 etc41 & may also be us$ = pa/+ on labels4 ,prev5t+ ! ,putrefaction ( ,/rong ,glues4--,! fatty matt] always exi/+ 9 small quantity 9 %eets ( ord9>y glue affects ! adhesive prop]ties & facilitates ! developm5t ( bact]ia1 & consequ5tly putrefaction & decomposition4 ,^! inconv5i5ces are rem$i$ by add+ a small quantity ( cau/ic soda to ! dissolv$ glue4 ,! soda prev5ts decomposition absolutely2 ) ! fatty matt] x =ms a h>d soap :i* r5d]s x h>mless4 ,liquid ,glues4-- ,i4--,glue #c ounces ,gelat9 #c ounces ,acetic acid #d ounces ,wat] #b ounces ,alum #cj gra9s ,heat toge!r = #f h\rs1 skim1 & add3 ,,ii4--,alcohol #a fluid ounce ,br[n glue1 ,no4 #b4 #b p\nds ,sodium c>bonate #aa ounces ,wat] #c #a_/b p9ts ,oil ( clove #afj m9ims ,dissolve ! soda 9 ! wat]1 p\r ! solution ov] ! dry glue1 let /& ov] night or till ?or\ghly soak$ & swell$1 !n heat c>efully on a wat] ba? until dissolv$4 ,:5 ne>ly cold /ir 9 ! oil ( cloves4 ,by us+ :ite glue1 a f9] article1 fit = fancy "w1 may be made4 ,,iii4--,dissolve by heat+ #fj p>ts ( borax 9 #dbj p>ts ( wat]1 add #dhj p>ts dextr9 7pale yell[7 & #ej p>ts ( glucose & heat c>efully ) cont9u$ /irr+1 to complete solution2 replace ! evaporat$ wat] & p\r ?r\gh flannel4 ,! glue made 9 ?is way rema9s cle> q a long "t1 & possesses great adhesive p[]2 x also dries v quickly1 b ^u c>eless & ext5d$ heat+ above #ij ,c4 7#aid ,f471 x is apt to turn br[n & brittle4 ,,iv4--,p\r #ej p>ts ( w>m 7n hot7 wat] ov] #ej p>ts ( ,cologne glue & all[ to soak ov] night4 ,next day ! swell$ glue is dissolv$ ) mod]ate heat1 & if /ill too ?ick1 a little m wat] is add$4 ,:5 ?is is done1 add f #b #a_/b to #c p>ts ( crude nitric acid1 /ir well1 & fill ! liquid glue 9 well-cork$ bottles4 ,?is is a good liquid /eam glue4 ,v4--,soak #a p\nd ( good glue 9 a qu>t ( wat] = a few h\rs1 !n melt ! glue by heat+ x1 toge!r ) ! unabsorb$ wat]1 !n /ir 9 #a_/d p\nd dry :ite lead1 & :5 t is well mix$ p\r 9 #d fluid\nces ( alcohol & cont9ue ! boil+ #e m9utes long]4 ,,vi4--,soak #a p\nd ( good glue 9 #a #a_/b p9ts ( cold wat] = #e h\rs1 !n add #c ounces ( z9c sulphate & #b fluid\nces ( hydro*loric acid1 & keep ! mixture heat$ = #aj or #ab h\rs at #age to #aij ,f4 ,! glue rema9s liquid & may be us$ = /ick+ a v>iety ( mat]ials4 ,,vii4--,a v inexp5sive liquid glue may be prep>$ by fir/ soak+ & !n dissolv+ gelat9 9 twice its own weight ( wat] at a v g5tle heat2 !n add glacial acetic acid 9 weight equal to ! weight ( ! dry gelat94 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t all acid glues are n g5]ally applicable4 ,,viii4--,glue #bjj p>ts ,dilute acetic acid #djj p>ts ,dissolve by ! aid ( heat & add3 ,alcohol #be p>ts ,alum #e p>ts ,,ix4--,glue #e p>ts ,calcium *loride #a "p ,wat] #a "p ,x4--,sug> ( lead #a #a_/b dra*ms ,alum #a #a_/b dra*ms ,gum arabic #b #a_/b dra*ms ,:eat fl\r #a av4 lb4 ,wat]1 q4 s4 ,dissolve ! gum 9 #b qu>ts ( w>m wat]2 :5 cold mix 9 ! fl\r1 & add ! sug> ( lead & alum dissolv$ 9 wat]2 heat ! :ole ov] a sl[ fire until x %[s signs ( ebullition4 ,let x cool1 & add en\gh gum wat] to br+ x to ! prop] consi/5ce4 ,,xi4--,dilute #a "p ( (ficial phosphoric acid ) #b p>ts ( wat] & neutralize ! solution ) c>bonate ( ammonium4 ,add to ! liquid an equal quantity ( wat]1 w>m x on a wat] ba?1 & dissolve 9 x suffici5t glue to =m a ?ick syrupy liquid4 ,keep 9 well-/opp]$ bottles4 ,,xii4--,dissolve #c p>ts ( glue 9 small pieces 9 #ab to #ae ( sac*>ate ( lime4 ,by heat+1 ! glue dissolves rapidly & rema9s liquid1 :5 cold1 )\t loss ( adhesive p[]4 ,any desirable consi/5ce c be secur$ by v>y+ ! am\nt ( sac*>ate ( lime4 ,?ick glue reta9s its muddy color1 :ile a ?9 solution becomes cle> on /&+4 ,! sac*>ate ( lime is prep>$ by #ab dissolv+ #a "p ( sug> 9 #c p>ts ( wat]1 & aft] add+ #a_/d "p ( ! weight ( ! sug> ( slak$ lime1 heat+ ! :ole f #adi to #ahe ,f41 all[+ x to mac]ate = sev]al days1 %ak+ x frequ5tly4 ,! solution1 :i* has ! prop]ties ( mucilage1 is !n decant$ f ! s$im5t4 ,,xiii4--,9 a solution ( borax 9 wat] soak a good quantity ( glue until x has ?or\ghly imbib$ ! liquid4 ,p\r (f ! surplus solution & !n put on ! wat] ba? & melt ! glue4 ,cool d[n until ! glue beg9s to set1 !n add1 drop by drop1 ) agitation1 en\gh acetic acid to *eck ! t5d5cy to solidification4 ,if1 aft] becom+ q cold1 !re is /ill a t5d5cy to solidification1 add a few drops m ( ! acid4 ,! liquid %\ld be ( ! consi/5ce ( ord9>y mucilage at all times4 ,,xiv4--,gelat9 #ajj p>ts ,cab9etmak]s' glue #ajj p>ts ,alcohol #be p>ts ,alum #b p>ts ,acetic acid1 #bj p] c5t #hjj p>ts ,soak ! gelat9 & glue ) ! acetic acid & heat on a wat] ba? until fluid2 !n add ! alum & alcohol4 ,,xv4--,glue #aj p>ts ,wat] #ae p>ts ,sodium salicylate #a "p ,,xvi4--,soak #e p>ts ( ,cologne glue 9 an aque\s calcium *loride solution 7#a3d7 & heat on ! wat] ba? until dissolv$1 replac+ ! evaporat+ wat]2 or slack #ajj p>ts ( lime ) #aej p>ts ( hot wat]1 dissolve #fj p>ts ( sug> 9 #ahj p>ts ( wat]1 & add #ae p>ts ( ! slack$ lime to ! solution1 heat+ ! :ole to #ge ,c4 7#afg ,f474 ,place aside = a few days1 %ak+ f "t to "t4 ,9 ! cle> sug>-lime solution collect$ by decant+ soak #fj p>ts ( glue & assi/ ! solution by mod]ate heat+4 ,,xvii4--,molasses1 #ajj p>ts1 dissolv$ 9 #cjj p>ts ( wat]1 #be p>ts ( quicklime 7slak$ to p[d]71 be+ !n /irr$ 9 & ! mixture heat$ to #afg ,f4 on a wat] ba?1 ) frequ5t /irr+s4 ,aft] settl+ = a few days a l>ge portion ( ! lime w h dissolv$1 & ! cle>1 :ite1 ?ick solution1 :5 decant$1 behaves l rubb] solution & makes a highly adh]5t coat+4 ,,xviii4--,dissolve bone glue1 #bej p>ts1 by heat+ 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 & add to ! solution b>ium p]oxide #aj p>ts1 sulphuric acid 7#ff ,b47 #e p>ts1 & wat] #ae p>ts4 ,heat = #dh h\rs on ! wat] ba? to #hj ,c4 7#agf ,f474 ,?us a syrupy liquid is obta9$1 :i* is all[$ to settle & is !n decant$4 ,?is glue has no unpleasant odor1 & does n mold4 ,,xix4--,a glue possess+ ! adhesive qualities ( ord9>y jo9]s' glue1 b con/itut+ a pale yell[ liquid :i* is ready = use )\t requir+ heat+ & possesses great resi/ance to dampness1 is produc$ by treat+ dry case9 ) a dilut$ borax solution or ) en\gh ammonia solution to cause a fa9tly alkal9e reaction4 ,! prep>ation may be employ$ alone or mix$ ) liquid />* 9 any proportion4 ,glue = ,celluloid4--,i4--,two p>ts %ellac1 #c p>ts spirits ( camphor1 & #d p>ts /rong alcohol dissolv$ 9 a w>m place1 give an excell5t glu+ ag5t to fix wood1 t91 & o!r bodies to celluloid4 ,! glue mu/ be kept well cork$ up4 ,,ii4--,a collodion solution may be us$1 or an alcoholic solution ( f9e celluloid %av+s4 ,glue to ,=m ,pap] ,pads4-- ,i4--,glue #c #a_/b ounces ,glyc]9e #h ounces ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,p\r ^u ! glue m ?an en\gh wat] to cov] x & let /& = sev]al h\rs1 !n decant ! great] portion ( ! wat]2 apply heat until ! glue is dissolv$1 & add ! glyc]94 ,if ! mixture is too ?ick1 add m wat]4 ,,ii4--,glue #f ounces ,alum #cj gra9s ,acetic acid #a_/b ounce ,alcohol #a #a_/b ounces ,wat] #f #a_/b ounces ,mix all b ! alcohol1 dige/ on a wat] ba? till ! glue is dissolv$1 all[ to cool & add ! alcohol4 ,,iii4--,glue #e ounces ,wat] #a ounce ,calcium *loride #a ounce ,dissolve ! calcium *loride 9 ! wat]1 add ! glue1 mac]ate until x is ?or\ghly s(t5$1 & !n heat until completely dissolv$4 ,,iv4--,glue #bj ounces ,glyc]9e #e ounces ,syrupy glucose #a ounce ,tann9 #ej gra9s ,cov] ! glue ) cold wat]1 & let /& ov] night4 ,9 ! morn+ p\r (f sup]flu\s wat]1 ?r[ ! glue on musl91 & manipulate s z to get rid ( z mu* moi/ure z possible1 !n put 9 a wat] ba? & melt4 ,add ! #ac glyc]9e & syrup1 & /ir well 94 ,f9ally1 dissolve ! tann9 9 ! smalle/ quantity ( wat] possible & add4 ,?is mixture mu/ be us$ hot4 ,v4--,glue #ae ounces ,glyc]9e #e ounces ,l9se$ oil #b ounces ,sug> #a ounce ,soak ! glue z be=e1 melt1 add ! sug> & glyc]9e1 cont9u+ ! heat1 & f9ally add ! oil gradually "u con/ant /irr+4 ,?is mu/ be us$ hot4 ,glue = ,tablets4-- ,i4--,glue #c #a_/b ounces ,glyc]9e #h ounces ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,p\r ^u ! glue m ?an en\gh wat] to cov] x & let /& = sev]al h\rs1 !n decant ! great] portion ( ! wat]2 apply heat until ! glue is dissolv$1 & add ! glyc]9e4 ,if ! mixture is too ?ick1 add m wat]4 ,,ii4--,glue #f ounces ,alum #cj gra9s ,acetic acid #a_/b ounce ,alcohol #a #a_/b ounces ,wat] #f #a_/b ounces ,mix all b ! alcohol1 dige/ on a wat] ba? till ! glue is dissolv$1 all[ to cool & add ! alcohol4 ,,iii4--,glue #e ounces ,wat] #a ounce ,calcium *loride #a ounce ,dissolve ! calcium *loride 9 ! wat]1 add ! glue1 mac]ate until x is ?or\ghly s(t5$1 & !n apply heat until completely dissolv$4 ,,iv4--,glue1 #a p\nd2 glyc]9e1 #d ounces2 glucose syrup1 #b tablespoonfuls2 tann91 #a_/aj ounce4 ,use w>m1 & give an h\r to dry & set on ! pads4 ,?is c be color$ ) any anil9e dye4 ,m>9e ,glue4--,m>9e glue is a product consi/+ ( %ellac & ca\t*\c1 :i* is mix$ diff]5tly accord+ to ! use = :i* x is requir$4 ,! quantity ( b5zol us$ z solv5t gov]ns ! h>dness or s(tness ( ! glue4 ,i4--,"o "p ,p> ca\t*\c is dissolv$ 9 #ab p>ts b5zol2 #bj p>ts p[d]$ %ellac are add$ to ! solution1 & ! mixture is c>efully heat$4 ,,ii4--,/rong] glue is obta9$ by dissolv+ #aj p>ts good crude ca\t*\c 9 #abj p>ts b5z9e or naph?a :i* solution is p\r$ sl[ly & 9 a f9e /ream into #bj p>ts asphaltum melt$ 9 a kettle1 /irr+ con/antly & heat+4 ,p\r ! f9i%$ glue1 aft] ! solv5t has almo/ evaporat$ & ! mass has become q uni=m1 into flat molds1 9 :i* x solidifies into v h>d tablets ( d>k br[n or black color4 ,= use1 ^! glue tablets are fir/ soak$ 9 boil+ wat] & !n heat$ ov] a free flame until ! m>9e glue has become ?9ly liquid4 ,! pieces to be glu$ are also w>m$ & a v durable union is obta9$4 ,,iii4--,cut ca\t*\c into small pieces & dissolve 9 coal naph?a by heat & agitation4 ,add to ?is solution p[d]$ %ellac1 & heat ! :ole1 con/antly /irr+ until comb9ation takes place1 !n p\r x on metal plates to =m %eets4 ,:5 us$ x mu/ be heat$ to #bdh ,f41 & appli$ ) a bru%4 ,wat]-,pro( ,glues4--,i4--,! glue is put 9 wat] till x is s(t1 & subsequ5tly melt$ 9 l9se$ oil at mod]ate heat4 ,?is glue is affect$ nei!r by wat] nor by vapors4 ,,ii4--,dissolve a small quantity ( s&>ac & ma/ic 9 a little alcohol1 & add a little turp5t9e4 ,! solution is boil$ 9 a kettle ov] ! fire1 & an equal quantity ( a /rong hot solution ( glue & is+lass is add$4 ,!n filt] ?r\gh a clo? :ile hot4 ,,iii4--,wat]-pro( glue may also be produc$ by ! simple addition ( bi*romate ( potassium to ! liquid glue solution1 & subsequ5t exposure to ! air4 ,,iv4--,mix glue z usual1 & !n add l9se$ oil 9 ! proportion ( #a "p oil to #h p>ts glue4 ,if x is desir$ t ! mixture rema9 liquid1 #a_/b ounce ( nitric acid %\ld be add$ to e p\nd ( glue4 ,?is w also prev5t ! glue f s\r+4 ,v4--,9 #a1jjj p>ts ( rectifi$ alcohol dissolve #fj p>ts ( s&>ac & z mu* ma/ic :]eupon add #fj p>ts ( :ite oil ( turp5t9e4 ,next1 prep>e a r /rong glue solution & add ab\t ! l quantity ( is+lass1 heat+ ! solution until x comm5ces to boil2 !n sl[ly add ! hot glue solution till a ?9 pa/e =ms1 :i* c /ill be filt]$ ?r\gh a clo?4 ,heat ! solution be=e use & employ l ord9>y glue4 ,a connection effect$ ) ?is glue is n dissolv$ by cold wat] & ev5 resi/s hot wat] = a long "t4 ,,vi4--,soak #a1jjj p>ts ( ,cologne glue 9 cold wat] = #ab h\rs & 9 ano!r vessel = ! same l5g? ( "t #aej p>ts ( is+lass 9 a mixture ( lamp _s & wat]4 ,!n dissolve bo? masses toge!r on ! wat] ba? 9 a suitable vessel1 ?9n+1 if necess>y1 ) "s hot wat]4 ,next add #ajj #ad p>ts ( l9se$ oil v>ni% & filt] hot ?r\gh l954 ,,vii4--,ord9>y glue is kept 9 wat] until x swells up )\t los+ its %ape4 ,?us s(t5$ x is plac$ 9 an iron crucible )\t add+ wat]2 !n add l9se$ oil accord+ to ! quantity ( ! glue & leave ?is mixture to boil ov] a sl[ fire until a gelat9\s mass results4 ,su* glue unites mat]ials 9 a v durable mann]4 ,x adh]es firmly & h>d5s quickly4 ,its *ief advantage1 h[ev]1 consi/s 9 t x nei!r absorbs wat] nor all[s x to pass ?r\gh1 :]eby ! connect+ places are (t5 de/roy$4 ,a little borax w prev5t putrefaction4 ,,viii4--,bi*romate ( potassium #dj p>ts 7by weight72 gelat9 glue1 #ee p>ts2 alum1 #e p>ts4 ,dissolve ! glue 9 a little wat] & add ! bi*romate ( potassium & ! alum4 ,,ix4--,?is prep>ation p]mits an absolutely p]man5t glu+ ( pieces ( c>dbo>d1 ev5 :5 !y are moi/5$ by wat]4 ,melt toge!r equal p>ts ( good pit* & gutta-p]*a2 ( ?is take #i p>ts1 & add to x #c p>ts ( boil$ l9se$ oil & #a #a_/b p>ts ( li?>ge4 ,place ?is ov] ! fire & /ir x till all ! +r$i5ts are intimately mix$4 ,! mixture may be dilut$ ) a little b5z9e or oil ( turp5t9e1 & mu/ be w>m :5 us$4 ,glue to ,fa/5 ,l9oleum on ,iron ,/airs4--,i4--,use a mixture ( glue1 is+lass1 & dextr9 :i*1 dissolv$ 9 wat] & heat$1 is giv5 an admixture ( turp5t9e4 ,! /rips pa/$ d[n mu/ be weight$ ) bo>ds & brick on top until ! adhesive ag5t has h>d5$4 ,,ii4--,soak #c p>ts ( glue 9 #h p>ts wat]1 add #a_/b "p hydro*loric acid & #c_/d "p z9c vitriol & let ?is mixture boil sev]al h\rs4 ,coat ! floor & ! back ( ! l9oleum ) ?is4 ,press ! l9oleum d[n uni=mly & firmly & weight x = "s "t4 ,glue = ,atta*+ ,gloss to ,preci\s ,metals4--,s&>ac v>ni%1 #ae p>ts2 m>9e glue1 #e p>ts2 dry+ oil1 #e p>ts2 :ite lead1 #e p>ts2 ,spani% :ite1 #e p>ts2 turp5t9e1 #e p>ts4 ,triturate all to =m a r homog5e\s pa/e4 ,?is glue becomes v h>d & resi/+4 ,ela/ic ,glue4--,al?\gh ela/ic glue is less durable ?an rubb]1 & w n /& mu* heat1 yet x is *eap] ?an rubb]1 & is n1 l rubb] affect$ by oil colors4 ,h5ce x is l>gely us$ = pr9t+ roll]s & /amps4 ,= /amps1 good glue is soak$ = #bd h\rs 9 s(t wat]4 ,! wat] is p\r$ (f1 & ! swoll5 glue is melt$ & mix$ ) glyc]9e & a little salicylic acid & ca/ into molds4 ,! durability is increas$ by pa9t+ ! mass ) a solution ( tann91 or1 bett]1 ( bi*romate ( potassium4 ,pr9t+ roll]s require great] firmness & ela/icity4 ,! mass = !m once consi/$ solely ( glue & v9eg>1 & _! manufacture 0 v difficult4 ,! use ( glyc]9e has rem$i$ ?is1 & gives great ela/icity )\t adhesiv5ess1 & has remov$ ! liability ( mold9ess4 ,swoll5 glue1 :i* has be5 sup]ficially dri$1 is fus$ ) glyc]9e & ca/ into oil molds4 ,simil> mixtures are us$ = ca/+ pla/] ornam5ts1 etc41 & give v %>p ca/s4 ,a mass consi/+ ( glue & glyc]9e is p\r$ ov] ! model 9 a box4 ,:5 ! mold is remov$1 x is pa9t$ ) pla/] outside & ) boil$ oil inside1 & c !n be us$ _m times = mak+ reproductions ( ! model4 ,glue = ,pap] & ,metal4--,a glue :i* w keep well & adh]e tightly is obta9$ by dilut+ #a1jjj p>ts by weight ( potato />* 9 #a1bjj p>ts by weight ( wat] & add+ #ej p>ts by weight ( pure nitric acid4 ,! mixture is kept 9 a hot place = #dh h\rs1 tak+ c>e to /ir frequ5tly4 ,x is aft]w>ds boil$ to a ?ick & transp>5t consi/5cy1 dilut$ ) wat] if !re is occasion1 & !n !re are add$ 9 ! =m ( a scre5$ p[d]1 #b p>ts ( sal ammoniac & #a "p ( sulphur fl[]s4 ,glue = ,atta*+ ,clo? ,/rips to ,iron4--,soak #ejj p>ts ( ,cologne glue 9 ! ev5+ ) clean cold wat] 9 a clean vessel2 9 ! morn+ p\r (f ! wat]1 place ! s(t5$ glue )\t admixture ( wat] into a clean copp] or enamel receptacle1 :i* is put on a mod]ate l[ fire 7*>coal or /eam app>atus74 ,dur+ ! dissolution ! mass mu/ be cont9ually /irr$ ) a wood5 tr[el or spatula4 ,if ! glue is too ?ick1 x is ?9n$ ) dilut$ _s1 b n ) wat]4 ,z soon z ! glue has rea*$ ! boil+ po9t1 ab\t #ej p>ts ( l9se$ oil v>ni% 7boil$ oil7 is add$ to ! mass ) con/ant /irr+4 ,:5 ! latt] has be5 /irr$ up well1 add #ej p>ts ( p[d]$ colophony & %ake x into ! mass ) /irr+1 subsequ5tly remov+ ! glue f ! fire4 ,9 ord] to increase ! b9d+ qualities & to gu>d aga9/ moi/ure1 x is well /ill to add ab\t #ej p>ts ( is+lass1 :i* has be5 previ\sly cut #ae into n>r[ /rips & plac$1 well beat51 9 a vessel1 into :i* en\gh _s ( w9e has be5 p\r$ to cov] all4 ,:5 dissolv$1 ! la/-nam$ mass is add$ to ! boil+ glue ) con/ant /irr+4 ,! adhesive ag5t is n[ ready = use & is employ$ hot1 x be+ advisable to w>m ! iron also4 ,apply glue only to a surface equival5t to a s+le /rip at a "t4 ,! /rips are press$ d[n ) a /iff bru% or a wad ( clo?4 ,glue = ,lea!r or ,c>dbo>d4--,to atta* lea!r to c>dbo>d dissolve good glue 7s(t5$ by spell+ 9 wat]7 ) a little turp5t9e & en\gh wat] 9 an ord9>y glue pot1 & !n hav+ made a ?ick pa/e ) />* 9 ! proportion ( #b p>ts by weight1 ( />* p[d] = e #a "p1 by weight1 ( dry glue1 mix ! comp\nds & all[ ! mixture to become cold be=e application to ! c>dbo>d4 ,= ,wood1 ,glass1 ,c>dbo>d1 & all ,articles ( a ,metallic or ,m9]al ,"*4--,take boil$ l9se$ oil #bj p>ts1 ,flemi% glue #bj p>ts1 hydrat$ lime #ae p>ts1 p[d]$ turp5t9e #e p>ts1 alum #e p>ts acetic acid #e p>ts4 ,dissolve ! glue ) ! acetic acid1 add ! alum1 !n ! hydrat$ lime1 & f9ally ! turp5t9e & ! boil$ l9se$ oil4 ,triturate all well until x =ms a homog5e\s pa/e & keep 9 well-clos$ flasks4 ,use l any o!r glue4 ,glue = ,unit+ ,metals ) ,fabrics4--,cologne glue ( good quality is soak$ & boil$ d[n to ! consi/5cy ( t us$ by cab9etmak]s4 ,!n add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 sift$ wood a%es until a mod]ately ?ick1 homog5e\s mass results4 ,use hot & press ! pieces well toge!r dur+ ! dry+4 ,= t9foil1 ab\t #b p] c5t ( boracic acid %\ld be add$ in/ead ( ! wood a%es4 ,glue or ,pa/e = ,mak+ ,pap] ,boxes4-- ,*loral hydrate #e p>ts ,gelat91 :ite #h p>ts ,gum arabic #b p>ts ,boil+ wat] #cj p>ts ,mix ! *loral1 gelat91 & gum arabic 9 a porcela9 conta9]1 p\r ! boil+ wat] ov] ! mixture & let /& = #a day1 giv+ x a vigor\s /irr+ sev]al times dur+ ! day4 ,9 cold wea!r ?is is apt to get h>d & /iff1 b ?is may be obviat$ by /&+ ! conta9] 9 w>m wat] = a few m9utes4 ,?is pa/e adh]es to any surface :atev]4 ,natural ,glue = ,cem5t+ ,porcela91 ,cry/al ,glass1 etc4--,! l>ge %ell snails :i* are f\nd 9 v9ey>ds h at ! extremity ( _! body a small1 :iti% bladd] fill$ ) a sub/ance ( greasy & gelat9\s aspect4 ,if ?is sub/ance extract$ f ! bladd] is appli$ on ! fragm5ts ( porcela9 or any body :atev]1 :i* are juxtapos$ by be+ made to t\* at all p>ts1 !y acquire su* adhesion t if "o /rives to sep>ate !m by a bl[1 !y are m liable to break at ano!r place ?an ! cem5t$ seam4 ,x is necess>y to give ?is glue suffici5t "t to dry p]fectly1 s z to p]mit x to acquire ! highe/ degree ( /r5g? & t5acity4 ,belt ,glue4--,a glue = belts c be prep>$ z foll[s3 ,soak #ej p>ts ( gelat9 9 wat]1 p\r (f ! excess ( wat]1 & heat on ! wat] ba?4 ,) good /irr+ add1 fir/1 #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( glyc]9e1 !n #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( turp5t9e1 & #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( l9se$ oil v>ni% & ?9 ) wat] z requir$4 ,! ends ( ! belts to be glu$ are cut (f obliquely & w>m$2 !n ! hot glue is appli$1 & ! unit$ p>ts are subject$ to /rong pressure1 all[+ !m to dry ?us = #bd h\rs be=e ! belts are us$4 ,*romium ,glue = ,wood1 ,pap]1 & ,clo?4--,i4--7a7 ,"o-half p\nd /rong glue 7any glue if color is immat]ial1 :ite fi% glue o!rwise72 soak #ab h\rs 9 #ab fluid\nces ( cold wat]4 7b7 ,"o-qu>t] p\nd gelat92 soak #b h\rs 9 #ab fluid\nces cold wat]4 7c7 ,two ounces bi*romate ( potassium dissolv$ 9 #h fluid\nces boil+ wat]4 ,dissolve 7a7 aft] soak+1 9 a glue pot1 & add 7b74 ,aft] 7a7 & 7b7 are mix$ & dissolv$1 /ir 9 7c74 ,?is glue is exce$+ly /rong1 & if ! article cem5t$ be expos$ to /rong sunlight = #a h\r1 ! glue becomes p]fectly wat]pro(4 ,( c\rse1 x is und]/ood t ! exposure to sunlight is to be made aft] ! glue is ?or\ghly dry4 ,! "o objectionable feature ( ?is cem5t is its color1 :i* is a yell[-br[n4 ,by sub/itut+ *rome alum 9 place ( ! bi*romate1 an olive color is obta9$4 ,,ii4--,use a mod]ately /rong gelat9 solution 7conta9+ #e to #aj p] c5t ( dry gelat971 to :i* ab\t #a "p ( acid *romate ( potassium 9 solution is add$ to e #e p>ts ( gelat94 ,?is mixture has ! prop]ty ( becom+ insoluble by wat] ?r\gh ! action ( sunlight "u p>tial r$uction ( ! *romic acid4 #af ,firepro( ,glue4-- ,raw l9se$ oil #h p>ts ,glue or gelat9 #a "p ,quicklime #b p>ts ,soak ! glue or gelat9 9 ! oil = #aj to #ab h\rs1 & !n melt x by g5tly heat+ ! oil1 & :5 p]fectly fluid /ir 9 ! quicklime until ! :ole mass is homog5e\s1 !n spread out 9 lay]s to dry gradually1 out ( ! sun's rays4 ,= use1 reheat ! glue 9 a glue pot 9 ! ord9>y way ( melt+ glue4 ,,cem5ts4 ,"u ?is head+ w be f\nd only cem5ts = caus+ "o sub/ance to adh]e to ano!r4 ,cem5ts us$ prim>ily z fill]s1 su* z d5tal cem5ts1 w be f\nd "u ,cem5ts1 ,putties1 etc4 ,cutl]s' ,cem5ts = ,fix+ ,knife ,blades into ,h&les4-- ,i4--,ros9 #d p\nds ,beeswax #a p\nd ,pla/] ( ,p>is or brickdu/ #a p\nd ,,ii4--,pit* #e p\nds ,wood a%es #a p\nd ,tall[ #a p\nd ,,iii4--,ros91 #ab2 sulphur fl[]s1 #c2 iron fil+s1 #e4 ,melt toge!r1 fill ! h&le :ile hot1 & ins]t ! in/rum5t4 ,,iv4--,pla/] ( ,p>is is ord9>ily us$ = fa/5+ loose h&les4 ,x is made into a mod]ately ?ick pa/e ) wat] run into ! hole 9 ! head ( ! pe/le1 ! h&le ins]t$ & held 9 place till ! cem5t h>d5s4 ,"s add s& to ! pa/e1 & claim to get bett] results4 ,v4--,boil toge!r #a "p ( cau/ic soda1 #c p>ts ( ros91 & #e p>ts ( wat] till homog5e\s & add #d p>ts ( pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,! pa/e sets 9 half an h\r & is b little affect$ by wat]4 ,,vi4--,equal quantities ( gutta p]*a & %ellac are melt$ toge!r & well /irr$4 ,?is is be/ done 9 an iron capsule plac$ on a s&ba? & heat$ ov] a gas furnace or on ! top ( a /ove4 ,! comb9ation possesses bo? h>dness & t\ghness1 qualities t make x p>ticul>ly desirable 9 m5d+ mort>s & pe/les4 ,9 us+1 ! articles to be cem5t$ %\ld be w>m$ to ab\t ! melt+ po9t ( ! mixture & reta9$ 9 prop] position until cool1 :5 !y are ready = use4 ,,vii4--,ros9 #fjj p>ts by weight ,sulphur #aej p>ts by weight ,iron fil+s #bej p>ts by weight ,p\r ! mixture1 hot1 into ! op5+ ( ! heat$ h&le & %ove 9 ! knife likewise heat$4 ,,viii4--,melt suffici5t black ros91 & incorporate ?or\ghly ) x "o-fif? its weight ( v f9e silv] s&4 ,make ! pe/le hot1 p\r 9 a little ( ! mixture1 !n =ce ! h&le well home1 & set aside = a day be=e us+4 ,,ix4--,make a smoo?1 mod]ately s(t pa/e ) li?>ge & glyc]9e2 fill ! hole 9 ! pe/le ) ! cem5t1 & firmly press ! h&le 9 place1 keep+ x "u pressure = ?ree or f\r days4 ,cem5ts = ,/one4--,i4--,an excell5t cem5t = brok5 m>ble consi/s ( #d p>ts ( gypsum & #a "p ( f9ely p[d]$ gum arabic4 ,mix intimately4 ,!n ) a cold solution ( borax make into a mort>like mass4 ,sme> on ea* face ( ! p>ts to be jo9$1 & fa/5 ! bits ( m>ble toge!r4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days ! cem5t becomes v h>d & holds v t5aci\sly4 ,! object m5d$ %\ld n be t\*$ = sev]al days4 ,9 m5d+ color$ m>bles ! cem5t may be giv5 ! hue ( ! m>ble by add+ ! color to ! borax solution4 ,,ii4--,a cem5t :i* dries in/antane\sly1 qualify+ x = all sorts ( repair+ & only pres5t+ ! disadvantage ( hav+ to be fre%ly prep>$ ea* "t1 not)/&+ any subsequ5t heat+1 may be made z foll[s3 ,9 a metal vessel or iron spoon melt #d to #e p>ts ( ros9 7or pref]ably ma/ic7 & #a "p ( beeswax4 ,?is mixture mu/ be appli$ rapidly1 x be+ ( advantage slightly to heat ! surfaces to be unit$1 :i* naturally mu/ h be5 previ\sly well clean$4 ,,iii4--,slak$ lime1 #aj p>ts2 *alk1 #ae p>ts2 kaol91 #e p>ts2 mix1 & imm$iately be=e use /ir ) a correspond+ am\nt ( pota% wat] glass4 ,,iv4--,cem5t on ,m>ble ,slabs4--,! :ole m>ble slab is ?or\ghly w>m$ & laid face d[n ^u a neatly clean$ plan+ b5* ^u :i* a wool5 clo? is spread s z n to injure ! poli% ( ! slab4 ,next apply to ! slab v hot1 weak glue & quickly sift hot pla/] ( ,p>is on ! glue 9 a ?9 ev5 lay]1 /irr+ ! pla/] rapidly into ! appli$ glue by means ( a /rong spatula1 s t a uni=m glue-pla/] coat+ is =m$ on ! w>m slab4 ,be=e ?is has "t to h>d5 tip ! respective piece ( furniture on ! slab4 ,! frame1 likewise w>m$1 w adh]e v firmly to ! slab aft] two days4 ,besides1 ?is process has ! advantage ( great cleanl9ess4 #ag ,v4--,! foll[+ is a recipe us$ by m>ble work]s1 & :i* probably c be us$ to advantage3 ,fl\r ( sulphur1 #a "p2 hydro*lorate ( ammonia1 #b p>ts2 iron fil+s1 #af p>ts4 ,! above sub/ances mu/ be r$uc$ to a p[d]1 & securely pres]v$ 9 closely /opp]$ vessels4 ,:5 ! cem5t is to be employ$1 take #bj p>ts v f9e iron fil+s & #a "p ( ! above p[d]2 mix !m toge!r ) en\gh wat] to =m a manageable pa/e4 ,?is pa/e solidifies 9 #bj days & becomes z h>d z iron4 ,a recipe = ano!r cem5t useful = jo9+ small pieces ( m>ble or alaba/] is z foll[s3 ,add #a_/b p9t ( v9eg> to #a_/b p9t skimm$ milk2 mix ! curd ) ! :ites ( #e eggs1 well beat51 & suffici5t p[d]$ quicklime sift$ 9 ) con/ant /irr+ s z to =m a pa/e4 ,x resi/s wat] & a mod]ate degree ( heat4 ,,vi4--,cem5t = ,iron & ,m>ble4--,= fa/5+ iron to m>ble or /one a good cem5t is made z foll[s3 ,?irty p>ts pla/] ( ,p>is1 #aj p>ts iron fil+s1 #a_/b "p sal ammoniac mix$ ) v9eg> to a fluid pa/e fre% = use4 ,cem5t = ,s&/ones4--,"o "p sulphur & #a "p ros9 are melt$ sep>ately2 ! melt$ masses are mix$ & #c p>ts li?>ge & #b p>ts gr\nd glass /irr$ 94 ,! latt] +r$i5ts mu/ be p]fectly dry1 & h be5 well pulv]iz$ & mix$ previ\sly4 ,equally good cem5t is obta9$ by melt+ toge!r #a "p pit* & #a_/aj "p wax1 & mix+ ) #b p>ts brickdu/4 ,! /ones to be cem5t$1 or betwe5 ! jo9ts ( :i* ! putty is to be p\r$1 mu/ be p]fectly dry4 ,if practicable1 !y %\ld be w>m$ a little1 & ! surfaces to :i* ! putty is to adh]e pa9t$ ) oil v>ni% once or twice4 ,! above two =mul are ( especial value 9 case ! /ones are v mu* expos$ to ! heat ( ! sun 9 summ]1 z well z to cold1 ra91 & sn[ 9 w9t]4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t 9 ^! in/ances ! above-m5tion$ cem5ts give bett] satisfaction ?an ! o!r br&s ( cem5t4 ,cem5ts = ,atta*+ ,objects to ,glass4-- ,ros9 #a "p ,yell[ wax #b p>ts ,melt toge!r4 ,to ,atta* ,copp] to ,glass4--,boil #a "p ( cau/ic soda & #c p>ts ( colophony 9 #e p>ts ( wat] & mix ) ! l quantity ( pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,?is cem5t is n attack$ by wat]1 heat1 & petroleum4 ,if1 9 place ( ! pla/] ( ,p>is1 z9c :ite1 :ite lead1 or slak$ lime is us$1 ! cem5t h>d5s m sl[ly4 ,to ,fa/5 ,brass ^u ,glass4--,boil toge!r #a "p ( cau/ic soda1 #c p>ts ( ros91 #c p>ts ( gypsum1 & #e p>ts ( wat]4 ,! cem5t made 9 ?is way h>d5s 9 ab\t half an h\r1 h5ce x mu/ be appli$ quickly4 ,dur+ ! prep>ation x %\ld be /irr$ con/antly4 ,all ! +r$i5ts us$ mu/ be 9 a f9ely p[d]$ /ate4 ,unit+ ,glass ) ,horn4--7#a7 ,a solution ( #b p>ts ( gelat9 9 #bj p>ts wat] is evaporat$ up to "o-six? ( its volume & #a_/c ma/ic dissolv$ 9 #a_/b _s add$ & "s z9c :ite /irr$ 94 ,! putty is appli$ w>m2 x dries easily & c be kept a long "t4 7#b7 ,mix gold size ) ! equal volume ( wat] glass4 ,to ,cem5t ,glass to ,iron4-- ,i4--,ros9 #e ounces ,yell[ wax #a ounce ,v5etian r$ #a ounce ,melt ! wax & ros9 on a wat] ba? & add1 "u con/ant /irr+1 ! ,v5etian r$ previ\sly well dri$4 ,/ir until ne>ly cool1 s z to prev5t ! ,v5etian r$ f settl+ to ! bottom4 ,,ii4--,portl& cem5t #b ounces ,prep>$ *alk #a ounce ,f9e s& #a ounce ,solution ( sodium silicate en\gh to =m a semi-liquid pa/e4 ,,iii4--,li?>ge #b p>ts ,:ite lead #a "p ,"w into a pa/y condition by us+ #c p>ts boil$ l9se$ oil1 #a "p copal v>ni%4 ,celluloid ,cem5ts4--,i4--,to m5d brok5 draught+ triangles & o!r celluloid articles1 use #c p>ts alcohol & #d p>ts e!r mix$ toge!r & appli$ to ! fracture ) a bru% until ! edges become w>m4 ,! edges are !n /uck toge!r1 & left to dry = at lea/ #bd h\rs4 ,,ii4--,camphor1 #a "p2 alcohol1 #d p>ts4 ,dissolve & add equal quantity 7by weight7 ( %ellac to ?is solution4 ,,iii4--,if firmness is desir$ 9 putt+ celluloid on wood1 t91 etc41 ! foll[+ glu+ ag5t is recomm5d$1 viz43 ,a comp\nd ( #b p>ts %ellac1 #c p>ts _s ( camphor1 & #d p>ts /rong alcohol4 #ah ,,iv4--,%ellac #b ounces ,spirits ( camphor #b ounces ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #f to #h ounces ,v4--,make a mod]ately /rong glue or solution ( gelat94 ,9 a d>k place or a d>k room mix ) ! above a small am\nt ( conc5trat$ solution ( potassium di*romate4 ,coat ! back ( ! label1 :i* mu/ be clean1 ) a ?9 lay] ( ! mixture4 ,/rongly press ! label aga9/ ! bottle & keep ! two 9 close contact by ty+ ) tw9e or o!rwise4 ,expose to sunlight = "s h\rs2 ?is causes ! cem5t to be insoluble ev5 9 hot wat]4 ,,vi4--,lime av4 oz4 #a ,:ite ( egg av4 oz4 #b #a_/b ,pla/] ( ,p>is av4 oz4 #e #a_/b ,wat] fl4 oz4 #a ,r$uce ! lime to a f9e p[d]2 mix x ) ! :ite ( egg by trituration1 =m+ a uni=m pa/e4 ,dilute ) wat]1 rapidly incorporate ! pla/] ( ,p>is1 & use ! cem5t imm$iately4 ,! surfaces to be cem5t$ mu/ fir/ be moi/5$ ) wat] s t ! cem5t w readily adh]e4 ,! pieces mu/ be firmly press$ toge!r & kept 9 ?is position = ab\t #ab h\rs4 ,cem5t+ ,celluloid & ,h>d-,rubb] ,articles4--,i4--,celluloid articles c be m5d$ by mak+ a mixture compos$ ( #c p>ts ( alcohol & #d p>ts ( e!r4 ,?is mixture %\ld be kept 9 a well-cork$ bottle1 & :5 celluloid articles are to be m5d$1 ! brok5 surfaces are pa9t$ ov] ) ! alcohol & e!r mixture until ! surfaces s(t53 !n press toge!r & b9d & all[ to dry = at lea/ #bd h\rs4 ,,ii4--,dissolve #a "p ( gum camphor 9 #d p>ts ( alcohol2 dissolve an equal weight ( %ellac 9 su* /rong camphor solution4 ,! cem5t is appli$ w>m & ! p>ts unit$ mu/ n be di/urb$ until ! cem5t is h>d4 ,h>d-rubb] articles are nev] m5d$ to =m a /rong jo9t4 ,,iii4--,melt toge!r equal p>ts ( gutta p]*a & real asphaltum4 ,! cem5t is appli$ hot1 & ! brok5 surfaces press$ toge!r & held 9 place :ile cool+4 ,sign-,lett] ,cem5ts4-- ,i4--,copal v>ni% #ae p>ts ,dry+ oil #e p>ts ,turp5t9e 7spirits7 #c p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #b p>ts ,liquefi$ glue #e p>ts ,melt all toge!r on a wat] ba? until well mix$1 & !n add #aj p>ts slak$ lime4 ,,ii4--,mix #ajj p>ts f9ely p[d]$ :ite li?>ge ) #ej p>ts dry :ite lead1 knead toge!r #c p>ts l9se$ oil v>ni% & #a "p copal v>ni% into a firm d\gh4 ,coat ! side to be atta*$ ) ?is1 remov+ ! sup]flu\s cem5t4 ,x w dry quickly & become v h>d4 ,,iii4--,copal v>ni% #ae p>ts ,l9se$-oil v>ni% #e p>ts ,raw turp5t9e #c p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #b p>ts ,c>p5t]s' glue1 dissolv$ 9 wat] #e p>ts ,precipitat$ *alk #aj p>ts ,,iv4--,ma/ic gum #a "p ,li?>ge1 lead #b p>ts ,:ite lead #a "p ,l9se$ oil #c p>ts ,melt toge!r to a homog5e\s mass4 ,apply hot4 ,to make a ?or\gh & reliable job1 ! lett]s %\ld be heat$ to at lea/ ! temp]ature ( ! cem5t4 ,to ,fix ,gold ,lett]s1 etc41 ^u ,glass4--,i4--,! glass mu/ be entirely clean & poli%$1 & ! m$ium is prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,"o ounce fi% glue or is+lass is dissolv$ 9 wat] s t ! latt] cov]s ! glue4 ,:5 ?is is dissolv$ a qu>t ( rectifi$ _s ( w9e is add$1 & en\gh wat] is p\r$ 9 to make up "o-qu>t] ! :ole4 ,! sub/ance mu/ be kept well cork$4 ,,ii4--,take #a_/b qu>t ( ! be/ rum & #a_/d ounce fi% glue1 :i* is dissolv$ 9 ! =m] at a mod]ate degree ( heat4 ,!n add #a_/b qu>t di/ill$ wat]1 & filt] ?r\gh a piece ( old l954 ,! glass is laid ^u a p]fectly level table & is cov]$ ) ?is sub/ance to ! ?ickness ( #a_/h in*1 us+ a clean bru%4 ,seize ! gold leaf ) a po9t$ object & place x smoo?ly ^u ! prep>$ mass1 & x w be attract$ by ! glass at once4 ,aft] #e m9utes hold ! glass slightly slant+ s t ! sup]flu\s mass c run (f1 & leave ! plate 9 ?is position = #bd h\rs1 :5 x w be p]fectly dry4 ,n[ trace ! lett]s or ! design on a piece ( pap]1 & p]=ate ! l9es ) a ?ick ne$le1 mak+ ! holes #a_/af in* ap>t4 ,!n place ! p]=at$ pap] ^u ! surface ( ! glass1 & /amp ! trac]y on ) p[d]$ *alk4 ,! pap] patt]n is !n c>efully remov$1 & ! accurate design w rema9 ^u ! gold4 ,! outl9es are n[ fill$ out ) an oily gold mass1 mix$ ) a little *rome orange & dilut$ ) boil$ oil or turp5t9e4 ,:5 all is dry ! sup]flu\s gold is wa%$ (f #ai ) wat] by means ( a common rag4 ,! back ( ! glass is !n pa9t$ ) a suitable color4 ,atta*+ ,enamel ,lett]s to ,glass4--,to affix enamel lett]s to glass1 fir/ clean ! surface ( ! glass p]fectly1 leav+ no grease or /icky sub/ance ( any k9d adh]+ to ! surface4 ,!n ) a piece ( soap sket* ! outl9es ( ! design4 ,make ! prop] division ( ! guide l9es1 & /rike (f accurately ! position ea* lett] is to occupy4 ,!n to ! back ( ! lett]s apply a cem5t made z foll[s3 ,:ite lead gr\nd 9 oil1 #b p>ts2 dry :ite lead1 #c p>ts4 ,mix to a s(t putty consi/5cy ) good copal v>ni%4 ,) a small knife or spatula apply ! cem5t to ! back ( ! lett]s1 obs]v+ especial c>e 9 gett+ ! mixture well & uni=mly laid ar\nd ! inside edges ( ! lett]4 ,9 atta*+ ! lett]s to ! glass make sure to expel ! air f b5ea? ! *>act]s1 & to d ?is1 "w !m up & d[n & sidewise4 ,if ! wea!r be at all w>m1 support ! lett]s :ile dry+ by press+ t9y beads ( seal+ wax aga9/ ! glass1 close to ! "u side or bottom ( ! lett]s4 ,) a putty knife1 ke5ly %>p5$ on "o edge1 next remove all ! surplus cem5t4 ,give ! lett]s a h>d1 firm pressure aga9/ ! glass ar\nd all edges to securely gu>d aga9/ ! disruptive attacks ( moi/ure4 ,! seepage ( moi/ure b5ea? ! surface ( ! lett]s is ! ma9 cause ( _! e>ly deta*m5t f ! glass4 ,! removal ( ! lett]s f ! glass may be effect$ by apply+ turp5t9e to ! top ( ! *>act]s1 all[+ x to soak d[n & ?r\gh ! cem5t4 ,oxalic acid appli$ 9 ! same way w usually slick ! lett]s (f 9 a trice4 ,cem5t = ,porcela9 ,lett]s4--,slake #ae p>ts ( fre% quicklime 9 #bj p>ts ( wat]4 ,melt #ej p>ts ( ca\t*\c & #ej p>ts ( l9se$-oil v>ni% toge!r1 & br+ ! mixture to a boil4 ,:ile boil+1 p\r ! liquid on ! slak$ lime1 little by little1 "u con/ant /irr+4 ,pass ! mixture1 :ile /ill hot1 ?r\gh musl91 to remove any possible lumps1 & let cool4 ,x takes ! cem5t #b days to set completely1 b :5 dry x makes a jo9t t w resi/ a great deal ( /ra94 ,by ?9n+ ! mixture d[n ) oil ( turp5t9e1 a brilliant1 p[]fully adhesive v>ni% is obta9$4 ,wat]-,glass ,cem5ts4--,i4--,wat] glass 7sodium ( potassium silicate71 :i* is frequ5tly recomm5d$ = cem5t+ glass1 does n1 z is (t5 ass]t$1 =m a vitre\s connection betwe5 ! jo9$ surfaces2 &1 9 fact1 "s ( ! comm]cial v>ieties w n ev5 dry1 b m]ely =m a ?ick pa/e1 :i* has a /rong aff9ity = moi/ure4 ,good #cj ,b4 wat] glass is1 h[ev]1 suitable = m5d+ articles t are expos$ to heat1 & is be/ appli$ to surfaces t h be5 g5tly w>m$2 :5 ! pieces are put toge!r !y %\ld be press$ w>mly1 to expel any sup]flu\s cem5t1 & !n heat$ /rongly4 ,to repair crack$ glasses or bottles ?r\gh :i* wat] w leak1 wat] glasses may be us$1 ! application be+ effect$ 9 ! foll[+ easy mann]3 ,! vessel is w>m$ to induce r>efaction ( ! int]nal air1 aft] :i* ! m\? is clos$1 ei!r by a cork 9 ! case ( bottles1 or by a piece ( p>*m5t or bladd] if a wide-m\!d vessel is "u treatm5t4 ,:ile /ill hot1 ! outside ( ! crack is cov]$ ) a little glass1 & ! vessel set aside to cool1 :]eupon ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! pressure ( ! ext]nal & int]nal air w =ce ! cem5t into ! fissure & close x completely4 ,all t is !n necess>y is to take (f ! cov] & leave ! vessel to w>m = a few h\rs4 ,subsequ5tly r9se x out ) lime wat]1 foll[$ by clean wat]1 & x w !n hold any liquid1 acids & alkal9e fluids alone except$4 ,,ii4--,:5 wat] glass is br\ght into contact ) calcium *loride1 a calcium silicate is at once =m$ :i* is insoluble 9 wat]4 ,x seems possible t ?is reaction may be us$ 9 b9d+ toge!r masses ( s&1 etc4 ,! process indicat$ has long be5 us$ 9 ! pres]vation ( /one :i* has become 8wea!r$40 ,! /one is fir/ bru%$ ) ! wat] glass & aft]w>ds ) a solution ( calcium *loride4 ,! conditions "h are ( c\rse diff]5t4 ,calcium *loride mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! s-call$ 8*loride ( lime0 :i* is a mixture ( calcium hypo*lorite & o!r bodies4 ,to ,fa/5 ,pap] ,tickets to ,glass4--,to atta* pap] tickets to glass1 ! employm5t ( wat] glass is efficaci\s4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to spread ?is product on ! glass & n on ! pap]1 & !n to apply ! pap] dry1 :i* %\ld be done imm$iately4 ,:5 ! solution is dry ! pap] _c be #bj deta*$4 ,! silicate %\ld be some:at dilut$4 ,x is spread on ! glass ) a rag or a small sponge4 ,,jewel]s' ,,cem5ts4 ,jewel]s & goldsmi?s require1 = ! cem5t+ ( g5u9e & color$ gems1 z well z = ! plac+ ( color$ folio "u c]ta9 /ones1 v adhesive glu+ ag5ts1 :i* mu/1 h[ev]1 be colorless4 ,9 ?is respect ^! are di/+ui%$ *iefly by ! s-call$ diamond cem5t & ! regul> jewel]s' cem5t4 ,diamond cem5t is mu* e/eem$ by jewel]s = cem5t+ preci\s /ones & corals1 b may also be employ$ ) advantage = lay+ color$ fluxes ( glass on :ite glass4 ,! diamond cem5t is ( su* a nature z to be able to rema9 = "s "t 9 contact ) wat] )\t becom+ s(t4 ,x adh]es be/ betwe5 glass or betwe5 preci\s /ones4 ,x is compos$ z foll[s3 ,is+lass #h p>ts1 gum ammoniac #a "p1 galbanum #a "p1 _s ( w9e #d p>ts4 ,soak ! is+lass 9 wat] ) admixture ( a little _s ( w9e & add ! solution ( ! gums 9 ! rema9d] ( ! _s ( w9e4 ,be=e use1 heat ! diamond cem5t a little s z to s(t5 x4 ,jewel]s' cem5t is us$ = simil> purposes z is ! diamond cem5t1 & is prep>$ f3 ,is+lass 7dry7 #aj p>ts1 ma/ic v>ni% #e p>ts4 ,dissolve ! is+lass 9 v little wat]1 add+ "s /rong _s ( w9e4 ,! ma/ic v>ni% is prep>$ by p\r+ a mixture ( highly rectifi$ _s ( w9e & b5z9e ov] f9ely p[d]$ ma/ic & dissolv+ x 9 ! smalle/ possible quantity ( liquid4 ,! two solutions ( is+lass & ma/ic are intimately gr\nd toge!r 9 a porcela9 di%4 ,arm5ian ,cem5t4--,! celebrat$ 8,arm5ian0 cem5t1 s call$ =m]ly us$ by ,turki% & ,ori5tal jewel]s g5]ally1 = sett+ preci\s /ones1 8fac+ diamonds10 rubies1 etc41 is made z foll[s3 ,ma/ic gum #aj p>ts ,is+lass 7fi% glue7 #bj p>ts ,gum ammoniac #e p>ts ,alcohol absolute #fj p>ts ,alcohol1 #ej p] c5t #ce p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,dissolve ! ma/ic 9 ! absolute alcohol2 dissolve1 by ! aid ( g5tle heat1 on ! wat] ba?1 ! is+lass 9 ! wat]1 & add #aj p>ts ( ! dilute alcohol4 ,n[ dissolve ! ammoniacum 9 ! residue ( ! dilute alcohol4 ,add ! fir/ solution to ! second1 mix ?or\ghly by agitation & !n add ! solution ( gum ammoniac & /ir well 94 ,f9ally put on ! wat] ba?1 & keep+ at a mod]ate heat1 evaporate ! :ole d[n to #age p>ts4 ,cem5t = ,enamel$ ,dials4--,! foll[+ is a good cem5t = enamel$ dials1 plates1 or o!r pieces3 ,gr9d into a f9e p[d] #b #a_/b p>ts ( damm> ros9 & #b #a_/b p>ts ( copal1 us+ colorless pieces if possible4 ,next add #b p>ts ( ,v5etian turp5t9e & en\gh _s ( w9e s t ! :ole =ms a ?ick pa/e4 ,to ?is gr9d #c p>ts ( ! f9e/ z9c :ite4 ,! mass n[ has ! consi/5cy ( prep>$ oil pa9t4 ,to remove ! yell[ t+e ( ! cem5t add a trifle ( ,b]l9 blue to ! z9c :ite4 ,f9ally1 ! :ole is heat$ until ! _s ( w9e is driv5 (f & a molt5 mass rema9s1 :i* is all[$ to cool & is kept = use4 ,heat ! p>ts to be cem5t$4 ,wat*-,lid ,cem5t4--,! h>de/ cem5t = fix+ on wat* lids is %ellac4 ,if ! lids are exce$+ly ?9 ! engrav+ w always press ?r\gh4 ,be=e cem5t+ x on ! inside ( ! lid1 9 ord] n to injure ! poli%1 x is coat$ ) *alk dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 :i* is fir/ all[$ to dry4 ,next melt ! %ellac on ! /ick1 heat ! wat* lid & put x on4 ,aft] ! engrav+ has be5 done1 simply =ce ! lid (f & remove ! rema9+ %ellac f ! latt] by light tapp+4 ,if ?is does n remove x completely lay ! lid 9 alcohol1 leav+ x !re9 until all ! %ellac has dissolv$4 ,all t rema9s to be done n[ is to wa% out ! wat* lid4 ,jewel]s' ,glue ,cem5t4--,dissolve on a wat] ba? #ej p>ts ( fi% glue 9 a little #ie-p]-c5t alcohol1 add+ #d p>ts1 by weight1 ( gum ammoniac4 ,on ! o!r h&1 dissolve #b p>ts1 by weight1 ( ma/ic 9 #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( alcohol4 ,mix ^! two solutions & pres]ve 9 a well-cork$ flask4 ,= use x suffices to s(t5 x on ! wat] ba?4 ,case9 ,cem5ts4-- ,i4--,borax #e p>ts ,wat] #ie p>ts ,case91 suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! borax 9 wat] & incorporate en\gh case9 to produce a mass ( ! prop] consi/5cy4 ,,ii4--,! case9 is made feebly alkal9e by means ( soda or pota% lye & #ba !n subject$ = ab\t #bd h\rs to a temp]ature ( #adj ,f4 ,next foll[ ! cu/om>y admixture1 su* z lime & wat] glass1 & f9ally1 to accompli% a quick] res9ification1 sub/ances conta9+ tann9 are add$4 ,= tannic admixtures to ! p>tially dis9tegrat$ case91 slight quantities--ab\t #a p] c5t--( gallic acid1 cut*1 or qu]citannic acid are employ$4 ,! feebly alkal9e case9 cem5t conta9+ tannic acid is us$ 9 ! well-kn[n mann] = ! glu+ toge!r ( wood4 ,= ,metals4--,make a pa/e ) #af ounces case91 #bj ounces slak$ lime1 & #bj ounces ( s&1 9 wat]4 ,= ,glass4--,i4--,dissolve case9 9 a conc5trat$ solution ( borax4 ,,ii4--,make a pa/e ( case9 & wat] glass4 ,pa/ebo>d & ,pap] ,cem5t4--,i4--,let pure glue swell 9 cold wat]2 p\r & press (f ! excess2 put on ! wat] ba? & melt4 ,pap] or o!r mat]ial cem5t$ ) ?is is !n imm$iately1 be=e ! cem5t dries1 submitt$ to ! action ( =maldehyde & dri$4 ,! cem5t resi/s ! action ( wat]1 ev5 hot4 ,,ii4--,melt toge!r equal p>ts ( good pit* & gutta p]*a4 ,to #i p>ts ( ?is mass add #c p>ts ( boil$ l9se$ oil & #a_/e "p li?>ge4 ,! heat is kept up until1 ) con/ant /irr+1 an intimate union ( all ! +r$i5ts has tak5 place4 ,! mixture is dilut$ ) a little b5z9e or oil ( turp5t9e & appli$ :ile /ill w>m4 ,! cem5t is wat]pro(4 ,,iii4--,! ,national ,druggi/ says t exp]i5ce ) pa/+ or cem5t+ p>*m5t pap] seems to %[ t ab\t ! be/ ag5t is case9 cem5t1 made by dissolv+ case9 9 a saturat$ aque\s solution ( borax4 ,,iv4--,! foll[+ is recomm5d$ = pap] boxes3 ,*loral hydrate #e p>ts ,gelat91 :ite #h p>ts ,gum arabic #b p>ts ,boil+ wat] #cj p>ts ,mix ! *loral1 gelat91 & gum arabic 9 a porcela9 conta9]1 p\r ! boil+ wat] ov] ! mixture & let /& = #a day1 giv+ x a vigor\s /irr+ sev]al times dur+ ! day4 ,9 cold wea!r ?is is apt to get h>d & /iff1 b ?is may be obviat$ by /&+ ! conta9] 9 w>m wat] = a few m9utes4 ,?is pa/e adh]es to any surface :atev]4 ,wat]pro( ,cem5ts = ,glass1 ,/onew>e1 & ,metal4--,i4--,make a pa/e ( sulphur1 sal ammoniac1 iron fil+s1 & boil$ oil4 ,,ii4--,mix toge!r dry3 ,:it+1 #f p\nds2 pla/] ( ,p>is1 #c p\nds2 s&1 #c p\nds2 li?>ge1 #c p\nds2 ros91 #a p\nd4 ,make to a pa/e ) copal v>ni%4 ,,iii4--,make a pa/e ( boil$ oil1 #f p\nds2 copal1 #f p\nds2 li?>ge1 #b p\nds2 :ite lead1 #a p\nd4 ,,iv4--,make a pa/e ) boil$ oil1 #c p\nds2 brickdu/ #b p\nds2 dry slak$ lime1 #a p\nd4 ,v4--,dissolve #ic ounces ( alum & #ic ounces ( sug> ( lead 9 wat] to conc5tration4 ,dissolve sep>ately #aeb ounces ( gum arabic 9 #be gallons ( wat]1 & !n /ir 9 #fb #a_/b p\nds ( fl\r4 ,!n heat to a uni=m pa/e ) ! metallic salts1 b take c>e n to boil ! mass4 ,,vi4--,= ,iron & ,m>ble to ,/& 9 ,heat4--,9 #c p\nds ( wat] dissolve fir/1 #a p\nd wat] glass & !n #a p\nd ( borax4 ,) ! solution make #b p\nds ( clay & #a p\nd ( b>ytes1 fir/ mix$ dry1 to a pa/e4 ,,vii4--,glue to ,resi/ ,boil+ ,wat]4--,dissolve sep>ately 9 wat] #ee p\nds ( glue & a mixture ( #dj p\nds ( bi*romate & #e p\nds ( alum4 ,mix z want$4 ,,viii4 7,*9ese ,glue74--,dissolve %ellac 9 #aj times its weight ( ammonia4 ,,ix4--,make a pa/e ( #dj ounces ( dry slak$ lime #aj ounces ( alum1 & #ej ounces ( :ite ( egg4 ,x4--,alcohol #a1jjj p>ts ,s&>ac #fj p>ts ,ma/ic #fj p>ts ,turp5t9e oil #fj p>ts ,dissolve ! gums 9 ! alcohol & add ! oil & /ir 94 ,n[ prep>e a solution ( equal p>ts ( glue & is+lass1 by soak+ #abe p>ts ( ea* 9 cold wat] until x becomes saturat$1 p\r+ & press+ (f ! residue1 & melt+ on ! wat] ba?4 ,?is %\ld produce a volume ( glue ne>ly equal to t ( ! solution ( gums4 ,! latt] %\ld1 9 ! meantime1 h be5 cauti\sly rais$ to ! boil+ po9t on ! wat] ba?1 & !n mix$ ) ! hot glue solution4 ,x is said t articles unit$ ) ?is sub/ance w /& ! /ra9 ( cold wat] = an unlimit$ "t1 & x takes hot wat] ev5 a long "t to affect x4 #bb ,,xi4--,burgundy pit* #f p>ts ,gutta p]*a #a "p ,pumice /one1 9 f9e p[d] #c p>ts ,melt ! gutta p]*a v c>efully add ! pumice /one1 & la/ly ! pit*1 & /ir until homog5e\s4 ,use :ile /ill hot4 ,?is cem5t w )/& wat] & dilute m9]al acids4 ,,lea!r ,,& ,,rubb] ,,cem5ts4 ,i4--,use a melt$ mixture ( gutta p]*a & g5u9e asphalt1 appli$ hot4 ,! h>d-rubb] goods mu/ be kept press$ toge!r until ! cem5t has cool$4 ,,ii4--,a cem5t :i* is effective = cem5t+ rubb] to iron & :i* is especially valuable = fa/5+ rubb] b&s to b&saw :eels is made z foll[s3 ,p[d]$ %ellac1 #a "p2 /rong wat] ( ammonia1 #aj p>ts4 ,put ! %ellac 9 ! ammonia wat] & set x away 9 a tightly clos$ j> = #c or #d weeks4 ,by t "t ! mixture w become a p]fectly liquid transp>5t mass & is !n ready = use4 ,:5 appli$ to rubb] ! ammonia s(t5s x1 b x quickly evaporates1 leav+ ! rubb] 9 ! same condition z be=e4 ,! %ellac cl+s to ! iron & ?us =ms a firm bond betwe5 ! iron & ! rubb]4 ,,iii4--,gutta p]*a :ite #a dra*m ,c>bon disulphide #a ounce ,dissolve1 filt]1 & add3 ,india rubb] #ae gra9s ,dissolve4 ,cem5t = ,metal on ,h>d ,rubb]4--,i4--,soak good ,cologne glue & boil d[n s z to give x ! consi/5cy ( jo9]s' glue1 & add ) con/ant /irr+1 en\gh sift$ wood a%es until a homog5e\s1 mod]ately ?ick mass results4 ,use w>m & fit ! pieces well toge!r :ile dry+4 ,h[ to ,unite ,rubb] & ,lea!r4--,,ii4--,r\gh5 bo? surfaces1 ! lea!r & ! rubb]1 ) a %>p glass edge2 apply to bo? a dilut$ solution ( gutta p]*a 9 c>bon bisulphide & let ?is solution soak into ! mat]ial4 ,!n press ^u ea* surface a sk9 ( gutta p]*a #a_/aj ( an in* 9 ?ickness betwe5 rolls4 ,! two surfaces are n[ unit$ 9 a press1 :i* %\ld be w>m b n hot4 ,?is me?od %\ld answ] 9 all cases 9 :i* x is applicable4 ,! o!r prescription cov]s cases 9 :i* a press _c be us$4 ,cut #cj p>ts ( rubb] into small pieces1 & dissolve x 9 #adj p>ts ( c>bon bisulphide1 ! vessel be+ plac$ on a wat] ba? ( #cj ,c4 7#hf ,f474 ,fur!r1 melt #aj p>ts ( rubb] ) #ae ( colophony1 & add #ce p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,:5 ! rubb] has be5 completely dissolv$1 ! two liquids may be mix$4 ,! result+ cem5t mu/ be kept well cork$4 ,to ,fa/5 ,rubb] to ,wood4--,i4--,make a cem5t by mac]at+ virg9 gum rubb]1 or z pure rubb] z c be _h1 cut 9 small pieces1 9 j en\gh naph?a or gasol9e to cov] x4 ,let x /& 9 a v tightly cork$ or seal$ j> = #ad days1 or a suffici5t "t to become dissolv$1 %ak+ ! mixture daily4 ,,ii4--,dissolve pulv]iz$ gum %ellac1 #a ounce1 9 #i #a_/b ounces ( /rong ammonia4 ,?is ( c\rse mu/ be kept tightly cork$4 ,x w n be z ela/ic z ! fir/ prep>ation4 ,,iii4--,fuse toge!r %ellac & gutta p]*a 9 equal weights4 ,,iv4--,india rubb] #h ounces ,gutta p]*a #d ounces ,is+lass #b ounces ,bisulphide ( c>bon #cb ounces ,v4--,india rubb] #e ounces ,gum ma/ic #a ounce ,*lor(orm #c ounces ,,vi4--,gutta p]*a #af ounces ,india rubb] #d ounces ,pit* #d ounces ,%ellac #a ounce ,l9se$ oil #a ounce ,amalgamate by heat4 ,,vii4--,mix #a ounce ( oil ( turp5t9e ) #aj ounces ( bisulphide ( c>bon 9 :i* z mu* gutta p]*a z possible has be5 dissolv$4 ,,viii4--,amalgamate by heat3 ,gutta p]*a #ajj ounces ,v5ice turp5t9e #hj ounces ,%ellac #h ounces ,india rubb] #b ounces ,liquid /orax #aj ounces ,,ix4--,amalgamate by heat3 ,india rubb] #ajj ounces ,ros9 #ae ounces ,%ellac #aj ounces ,!n dissolve 9 bisulphide ( c>bon4 ,x4--,make ! foll[+ solutions sep>ately & mix3 7a7 ,india rubb] #e ounces ,*lor(orm #adj ounces 7b7 ,india rubb] #e ounces ,ros9 #b ounces ,v5ice turp5t9e #a ounce ,oil ( turp5t9e #bj ounces #bc ,cem5t = ,pat*+ ,rubb] ,boots & ,%oes4-- ,i4--,india rubb]1 f9ely *opp$ #ajj p>ts ,ros9 #ae p>ts ,%ellac #aj p>ts ,c>bon disulphide1 q4 s4 to dissolve4 ,?is w n only unite lea!r to lea!r1 india rubb]1 etc41 b w unite rubb] to almo/ any sub/ance4 ,,ii4--,ca\t*\c1 f9ely cut #d p>ts ,india rubb]1 f9ely cut #a "p ,c>bon disulphide #cb p>ts ,dissolve ! ca\t*\c 9 ! c>bon disulphide1 add ! rubb]1 let mac]ate a few days1 !n ma% ) a palette knife to a smoo? pa/e4 ,! vessel 9 :i* ! solution is made 9 bo? in/ances above mu/ be kept tightly clos$1 & %\ld h frequ5t agitations4 ,,iii4--,take #ajj p>ts ( crude rubb] or ca\t*\c1 cut x up 9 small bits1 & dissolve x 9 suffici5t c>bon bisulphide1 add to x #ae p>ts ( ros9 & #aj p>ts ( gum lac4 ,! us] mu/ n ov]look ! great inflammability & exce$+ly volatile nature ( ! c>bon bisulphide4 ,tire ,cem5ts4-- ,i4--,india rubb] #ae grams ,*lor(orm #b ounces ,ma/ic #a_/b ounce ,mix ! india rubb] & *lor(orm toge!r1 & :5 dissolv$1 ! ma/ic is add$ 9 p[d]4 ,x is !n all[$ to /& a week or two be=e us+4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ is recomm5d$ z v good = cem5t+ pneumatic tires to bicycle :eels3 ,%ellac #a ounce ,gutta p]*a #a ounce ,sulphur #de gra9s ,r$ lead #de gra9s ,melt toge!r ! %ellac & gutta p]*a1 !n add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 ! sulphur & r$ lead4 ,use :ile hot4 ,,iii4--,raw gutta p]*a #af ounces ,c>bon bisulphide #gb ounces ,eau de ,cologne #b #b_/c ounces ,?is cem5t is ! subject ( an ,engli% pat5t & is recomm5d$ = pat*+ cycle & motor tires1 insulat+ electric wires1 etc4 ,,iv4--,a good ?ick %ellac v>ni% ) :i* a small am\nt ( ca/or oil has be5 mix$ w be f\nd a v excell5t bicycle rim cem5t4 ,! =mula recomm5d$ by ,edel is z foll[s3 ,%ellac #a p\nd ,alcohol #a p9t ,mix & dissolve1 !n add3 ,ca/or oil #a_/b ounce ,! ca/or oil prev5ts ! cem5t f becom+ h>d & brittle4 ,a cem5t us$ to fa/5 bicycle tires may be made by melt+ toge!r at a g5tle heat equal p>ts ( gutta p]*a & asphalt4 ,apply hot4 ,sometimes a small quantity ea* ( sulphur & r$ lead is add$ 7ab\t #a "p ( ea* to #bj p>ts ( cem5t74 ,cem5ts = ,lea!r4-- ,i4--,gutta p]*a #bj p>ts ,syrian asphalt1 p[d]$ #bj p>ts ,c>bon disulphide #ej p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #aj p>ts ,! gutta p]*a1 %r$d$ f9e1 is dissolv$ 9 ! c>bon disulphide & turp5t9e oil4 ,to ! solution add ! asphalt & set away = sev]al days1 or until ! asphalt is dissolv$4 ,! cem5t %\ld h ! consi/5cy ( honey4 ,if ! prep>ation is ?9n] ?an ?is let x /&1 op51 = a few days4 ,articles to be pat*$ %\ld fir/ be wa%$ ) b5z9e4 ,,ii4--,glue #a ounce ,/>* pa/e #b ounces ,turp5t9e #a dra*m ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! glue 9 suffici5t wat] ) heat2 mix ! />* pa/e ) wat]2 add ! turp5t9e1 & f9ally mix ) ! glue :ile hot4 ,,iii4--,soak = "o day #a p\nd ( common glue 9 en\gh wat] to cov]1 & #a p\nd ( is+lass 9 ale dropp+s4 ,!n mix toge!r & heat g5tly until boil+4 ,at ?is po9t add a little pure tann9 & keep boil+ = an h\r4 ,if ! glue & is+lass :5 mix$ are too ?ick1 add wat]4 ,?is cem5t %\ld be us$ w>m & ! jo9t$ lea!r press$ tightly toge!r = #ab h\rs4 ,,iv4--,a wat]pro( cem5t = lea!r ca\t*\c1 or balata1 is prep>$ by dissolv+ gutta p]*a1 ca\t*\c1 b5zo91 gum lac1 ma/ic1 etc41 9 "s conv5i5t solv5t l c>bon disulphide1 *lor(orm1 e!r1 or alcohol4 ,! be/ solv5t1 h[ev]1 9 ! case ( gutta p]*a1 is c>bon disulphide & e!r = ma/ic4 ,! mo/ favorable proportions are z foll[s3 ,gutta p]*a1 #bjj to #cjj p>ts to #ajj p>ts ( ! solv5t1 & #ge to #he p>ts ( ma/ic to #ajj p>ts ( e!r4 ,f #e to #h p>ts ( ! =m] solution are mix$ ) #a #bd "p ( ! latt]1 & ! mixture is !n boil$ on ! wat] ba?1 or 9 a vessel fitt$ ) a wat] jacket4 ,v4--,make a solution ( #bjj to #cjj p>ts ( ca\t*\c1 gutta p]*a1 india rubb]1 b5zo91 or simil> gum1 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( c>bon disulphide1 *lor(orm1 e!r1 or alcohol1 & ( ?is add #e to #h p>ts to a solution ( ma/ic 7#ge to #abe p>ts7 9 e!r #ajj p>ts1 ( equal volume & boil toge!r4 ,use hot wat] z ! boil+ ag5t1 or boil v cauti\sly on ! wat] ba?4 ,,vi4--,=ty p>ts ( alum9um acetate1 #aj ,b41 #aj p>ts ( glue1 #aj p>ts ( rye fl\r4 ,^! mat]ials are ei!r to be simultane\sly mix$ & boil$1 or else ! glue is to be dissolv$ 9 ! alum9um acetate1 & ! fl\r /irr$ into ! solution4 ,?is is an excell5t cem5t = lea!r1 & is us$ 9 s-call$ art "w ) lea!r1 & ) lea!r articles :i* are made ( sev]al pieces4 ,x is to be appli$ w>m4 ,rubb] ,cem5t = ,clo?4--,! foll[+ =mulas h be5 recomm5d$3 ,i4--,ca\t*\c1 #e p>ts2 *lor(orm1 #c p>ts4 ,dissolve & add gum ma/ic 7p[d]7 #a "p4 ,,ii4--,gutta p]*a1 #af p>ts2 india rubb]1 #d p>ts2 pit*1 #b p>ts2 %ellac1 #a "p2 l9se$ oil1 #b p>ts4 ,r$uce ! solids to small pieces1 melt toge!r ) ! oil & mix well4 ,,iii4--,! foll[+ cem5t = m5d+ rubb] %oes & tires w answ] simil> purposes3 ,ca\t*\c 9 %av+s #aj p>ts by weight ,ros9 #d p>ts by weight ,gum turp5t9e #dj p>ts by weight ,oil turp5t9e1 en\gh4 ,melt toge!r fir/ ! ca\t*\c & ros91 !n add ! gum turp5t9e1 & :5 all is liquefi$1 add en\gh ( oil ( turp5t9e to pres]ve x liquid4 ,a second solution is prep>$ by dissolv+ toge!r3 ,ca\t*\c #aj p>ts by weight ,*lor(orm #bhj p>ts by weight ,= use ^! two solutions are mix$4 ,wa% ! hole 9 ! rubb] %oe ov] ) ! cem5t1 !n a piece ( l95 dipp$ 9 x is plac$ ov] x2 z soon z ! l95 adh]es to ! sole1 ! cem5t is !n appli$ z ?ickly z requir$4 ,,cem5ts ,,= ,,metals ,,& ,,= ,,atta*+ ,,v>i\s ,,sub/ances ,,to ,,metals3 ,cem5ts = ,iron4--,i4--,to make a good cem5t = iron on iron1 make a ?ick pa/e1 ) wat]1 ( p[d]$ iron1 #fj p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #b p>ts1 & sulphur fl[]s1 #a "p4 ,use :ile fre%4 ,,ii4--,sulphur fl[]s1 #f p>ts2 dry :ite lead #f p>ts1 & p[d]$ borax1 #a "p4 ,mix by sift+ & keep z a dry p[d] 9 a clos$ t9 box4 ,to use1 make into a ?9 pa/e ) /rong sulphuric acid & press toge!r imm$iately4 ,?is cem5t w h>d5 9 #e days4 ,,iii4--,graphite #ej p\nds ,:it+ #ae p\nds ,li?>ge #ae p\nds ,make to a pa/e ) a boil$ oil4 ,,iv4--,make a pa/e ( :ite lead & asbe/os4 ,v4--,make a pa/e ( li?>ge & glyc]9e4 ,r$ lead may be add$4 ,?is also does = /one4 ,,vi4--,make a pa/e ( boil$ oil ( equal p>ts ( :ite lead1 pipe clay1 & black oxide ( manganese4 ,,vii4--,make iron fil+s to a pa/e ) wat] glass4 ,,viii4--,sal ammoniac #d ounces ,sulphur #b ounces ,iron fil+s #cb ounces ,make z mu* z is to be us$ at once to a pa/e ) a little wat]4 ,?is rem>k applies to bo? ! foll[+ dry recipes3 ,,ix4--,iron fil+s #afj ounces ,lime #hj ounces ,r$ lead #af ounces ,alum #h ounces ,sal ammoniac #b ounces ,x4--,clay #aj ounces ,iron fil+s #d ounces ,salt #a ounce ,borax #a ounce ,black oxide ( manganese #b ounces ,,xi4--,mix3 ,iron fil+s #ahj ounces ,lime #de ounces ,salt #h ounces ,,xii4--,mix3 ,iron fil+s #adj ounces ,hydraulic lime #bj ounces ,s& #be ounces ,sal ammoniac #c ounces ,ei!r ( ^! la/ two mixtures is made into a pa/e ) /rong v9eg> j be=e use4 ,,xiii4--,mix equal weights ( z9c oxide & black oxide ( manganese into a pa/e ) wat] glass4 ,,xiv4--,copal v>ni%1 #ae p>ts2 hydrat$ lime1 #aj p>ts2 glue de n]fs 7( s9ews71 #e p>ts2 fat dry+ oil1 #e p>ts2 #be p[d]$ turp5t9e1 #c p>ts2 ess5ce ( turp5t9e1 #b p>ts4 ,dissolve ! glue de n]fs on ! wat] ba?1 add all ! o!r sub/ances1 & triturate intimately4 ,,xv4--,copal v>ni%1 #ae p>ts2 p[d]$ turp5t9e1 #c p>ts2 ess5ce ( turp5t9e1 #b p>ts2 p[d]$ fi% glue1 #c p>ts2 iron fil+s1 #c p>ts2 o*]1 #aj p>ts4 ,,xvi4--,to make a cem5t = ca/ iron1 take #af ounces ca/-iron bor+s2 #b ounces sal ammoniac1 & #a ounce sulphur4 ,mix well & keep dry4 ,:5 ready to use take #a "p ( ?is p[d] to #bj p>ts ( ca/-iron bor+s & mix ?or\ghly into a /iff pa/e1 add+ a little wat]4 ,,xvii4--,li?>ge #b p>ts ,boil$ l9se$ oil #b p>ts ,:ite lead #a "p ,copal #a "p ,heat toge!r until ( a uni=m consi/5ce & apply w>m4 ,,xviii4--,a cem5t = iron :i* is said to be p]fectly wat]pro( & firepro( is made by work+ up a mixture ( equal weights ( r$ lead & li?>ge ) glyc]9e till ! mass is p]fectly homog5e\s & has ! consi/5cy ( a glazi]'s putty4 ,?is cem5t is said to answ] well1 ev5 = v l>ge iron vessels1 & to be unsurpassable = /opp+ up cracks 9 l>ge iron pans ( /eam pipes4 ,cem5t = ,metal1 ,glass1 & ,porcela94--,a s(t alloy is prep>$ by mix+ f #cj to #cf p>ts ( copp] precipitat$ 9 ! =m ( a f9e br[n p[d]1 ) sulphuric acid ( a specific gravity ( #a4he 9 a ca/-iron or porcela9 mort> & incorporat+ by /irr+ ) #ge p>ts ( m]cury1 ! acid be+ aft]w>ds remov$ by wa%+ ) wat]4 ,9 f #aj to #ad h\rs ! amalgam becomes h>d] ?an t91 b :5 heat$ to #fib ,f41 x c be knead$ l wax4 ,9 ?is condition x is appli$ to ! surface to be cem5t$1 & w fix !m firmly toge!r on cool+4 ,dissolve #a dra*m ( gum ma/ic 9 #c dra*ms ( spirits ( w9e4 ,9 a sep>ate vessel conta9+ wat] soak #c dra*ms ( is+lass4 ,:5 ?or\ghly soak$ take x out ( ! wat] & put x into #e dra*ms ( spirits ( w9e4 ,take a piece ( gum ammoniacum ! size ( a l>ge pea & gr9d x up f9ely ) a little spirits ( w9e & is+lass until x has dissolv$4 ,!n mix ! :ole toge!r ) suffici5t heat4 ,x w be f\nd mo/ conv5i5t to place ! vessel on a hot-wat] ba?4 ,keep ?is cem5t 9 a bottle closely /opp]$1 & :5 x is to be us$1 place x 9 hot wat] until dissolv$4 ,cem5ts = ,fa/5+ ,porcela9 to ,metal4--,i4--,mix equal p>ts ( alcohol 7#ie p] c5t7 & wat]1 & make a pa/e by incorporat+ ! liquid ) #cjj p>ts ( f9ely pulv]iz$ *alk & #bej p>ts ( />*4 ,,ii4--,mix f9ely p[d]$ burn$ lime1 #cjj p>ts1 ) p[d]$ />*1 #bej p>ts1 & moi/5 ! mixture ) a comp\nd ( equal p>ts ( wat] & alcohol ( #ie p] c5t until a pa/e results4 ,,iii4--,cem5t or pla/] c be us$ if ! surfaces are suffici5tly l>ge2 cem5t is ! bett] article :5 ! object may be expos$ to moi/ure or subject$ to mu* pressure4 ,a process :i* c be recomm5d$ consi/s 9 m+l+ equal weights ( *alk1 brickdu/1 clay1 & ,roma9 cem5t4 ,^! mat]ials1 pulv]iz$ & sift$ are incorporat$ ) l9se$ oil 9 ! proportion ( half a kilo ( oil to #c kilos ( ! m+l$ p[d]4 ,! ,roma9 or ,romanic cem5t is s designat$ f ! di/rict 9 ,france :]e ! calc>e\s /one f :i* x is prep>$ is f\nd 9 consid]able quantity4 ,al?\gh its adhesive qualities are unque/ion$1 !re are und\bt$ly ,am]ican cem5ts equally z good4 ,,iv4--,acetate ( lead1 #df #a_/b p>ts by weight2 alum1 #df #a_/b p>ts by weight2 gum arabic1 #gf p>ts by weight2 fl\r1 #ejj p>ts by weight2 wat]1 #b1jjj p>ts by weight4 ,dissolve ! acetate ( lead & ! alum 9 a little wat]2 on ! o!r h& dissolve ! gum arabic 9 wat] by p\r+1 = in/ance1 ! #b lit]s ( boil+ wat] on ! gum arabic r$uc$ to p[d]4 ,:5 ! gum has dissolv$1 add ! fl\r1 put all on ! fire1 & /ir well ) a piece ( wood2 !n add ! solution ( acetate ( lead & ! alum2 agitate well s z to prev5t any lumps f =m+2 retire f ! fire be=e all[+ to boil4 ,?is glue is us$ cold1 does n peel (f1 & is excell5t to make wood1 glass1 c>dbo>d1 etc4 adh]e to metals4 ,cem5t = ,lea!r & ,iron4--,to face a ca/-iron pulley ) lea!r apply acetic acid to ! face ( ! pulley ) a bru%1 :i* w r\gh5 x by ru/+1 & !n :5 dry apply a cem5t made ( #a p\nd ( fi% glue & #a_/b p\nd ( common glue1 melt$ 9 a mixture ( alcohol & wat]4 ,! lea!r %\ld !n be plac$ on ! pulley & dri$ "u pressure4 #bf ,amb] ,cem5ts4--,i4--,to sold] toge!r two pieces ( yell[ amb]1 slightly heat ! p>ts to be unit$ & moi/5 !m ) a solution ( cau/ic soda2 !n br+ ! two pieces toge!r quickly4 ,,ii4--,dissolve 9 a clos$ bottle #ge p>ts ( cut-up ca\t*\c 9 #fj p>ts ( *lor(orm4 ,add #ae p>ts ( ma/ic & let ! mixture /& 9 ! cold until all has dissolv$4 ,,iii4--,moi/5 ! pieces to be jo9$ ) cau/ic pota% & press !m toge!r :5 w>m4 ,! union is s p]fect t no trace ( ! juncture is visible4 ,a conc5trat$ alcoholic solution ( ! ros9 ov] ! amb]1 soluble 9 alcohol1 is also employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,ano!r m$ium is a solution ( h>d & v f9ely p[d]$ copal 9 pure sulphuric e!r4 ,coat bo? fractures1 previ\sly well clean$1 ) ?is solution & endeavor to comb9e !m intimately by ty+ or press+4 ,,iv4--,9 #cj p>ts by weight ( copal dissolve #cj p>ts by weight ( alum9a by means ( a wat] ba?4 ,ba! ! surface to be cem5t$ ) ?is gelat9\s liquid1 b v slightly4 ,unite ! fractures & press !m toge!r firmly until ! mixture is dry4 ,acid-,pro( ,cem5ts = ,/onew>e & ,glass4--,i4--,mix ) ! aid ( heat equal weights ( pit*1 ros91 & pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,,ii4--,mix silicate ( soda to a pa/e ) gr\nd glass4 ,,iii4--,mix boil$ oil to a pa/e ) *9a clay4 ,,iv4--,mix coal t> to a pa/e ) pipe clay4 ,v4--,mix boil$ oil to a pa/e ) quicklime4 ,,vi4--,mix ) ! aid ( heat3 ,sulphur1 #ajj p\nds2 tall[1 #b p\nds2 ros91 #b p\nds4 ,?ick5 ) gr\nd glass4 ,,vii4--,mix ) ! aid ( heat3 ,ros91 #b p\nds2 sulphur1 #b p\nds2 brickdu/1 #d p\nds4 ,,viii4--,mix ) ! aid ( heat #b p\nds ( india rubb] & #d p\nds ( oil$ oil4 ,?ick5 ) #ab p\nds ( pipe clay4 ,,ix4--,fuse #ajj p\nds ( india rubb] ) #g p\nds ( tall[4 ,!n make to a pa/e ) dry slak$ lime & f9ally add #bj p\nds ( r$ lead4 ,x4--,mix ) ! aid ( heat3 ,ros91 #bd p\nds2 r$ o*]1 #h p\nds2 boil$ oil1 #b p\nds2 pla/] ( ,p>is1 #d p\nds4 ,acid-,pro( ,cem5t = ,wood1 ,metals1 etc4-- ,i4--,p[d]$ asbe/os #b p>ts ,gr\nd b>yta #a "p ,sodium wat]-glass solution #b p>ts ,mix4 ,,ii4--,to )/& hot nitric acid ! foll[+ is us$3 ,sodium wat]-glass solution #b p>ts ,s& #a "p ,asbe/os #a "p ,mix4 ,,iii4--,asbe/os #b p>ts ,sulphate ( b>ium #c p>ts ,silicate ( sodium #b p>ts ,by mix+ ^! +r$i5ts a cem5t /rong en\gh to resi/ ! /ronge/ nitric acid w be obta9$4 ,,iv4--,if hot acids are dealt )1 ! foll[+ mixture w be f\nd to possess /ill m resi/ant p[]s3 ,silicate ( sodium 7#ej ,baum7 #b p>ts ,f9e s& #a "p ,asbe/os #a "p ,bo? ^! cem5ts take a few h\rs to set4 ,if ! cem5t is want$ to set at once1 use silicate ( potassium1 in/ead ( silicate ( sodium4 ,?is mixture w be in/antly effective & possesses ! same p[] ( resi/ance z ! o!r4 ,directions = ,repair+ ,brok5 ,glass1 ,porcela91 ,bric--,brac4--,brok5 glass1 *9a1 bric--brac1 & picture frames1 n to "n ca/s1 require ea* a diff]5t cem5t--9 fact1 sev]al diff]5t cem5ts4 ,glass may be beautifully m5d$ to look at1 b seldom s z to be safely us$4 ,= cle> glass ! be/ cem5t is is+lass dissolv$ 9 g94 ,put #b ounces ( is+lass 9 a clean1 wide-m\!d bottle1 add half a p9t ( g91 & set 9 ! sun until dissolv$4 ,%ake well e day1 & be=e us+ /ra9 ?r\gh d\ble lawn1 squeez+ v g5tly4 ,spread a :ite clo? ov] ! m5d+ table & supply x ) pl5ty ( clean l95 rags1 /rong rubb] b&s1 & n>r[ :ite tape1 also a bas9 ( tepid wat] & a clean s(t t[el4 ,wa% ! brok5 glass v clean1 especially along ! break1 b take c>e n to *ip x fur!r4 ,wet bo? brok5 edges well ) ! glue1 us+ a camel's-hair p5cil4 ,fit ! break to a nicety1 !n slip on rubb] b&s l5g?- & cross-wise1 e way !y w hold4 ,if !y w n hold true z ^u a /emm$ #bg ?+1 a vase or jug or sc5t bottle1 /r+ half a doz5 b&s ( ! same size & /r5g? ^u a bit ( tape1 & tie ! tape ab\t neck or base be=e beg9n+ ! glu+4 ,aft] ! p>ts are jo9$ slip ano!r tape ?r\gh ! same b&s & tie x above ! fracture2 ?us ) all _! /r5g? ! b&s pull ! break toge!r4 ,! b&s c be us$ ?us on ca/s ( *9a--9 fact1 to hold any?+ m5dable4 ,9 glass m5d+ ! great] ! pressure ! bett]--if only x /ops %ort ( ! break+ po9t4 ,prop]ly made ! is+lass cem5t is z cle> z wat]4 ,:5 ! pieces fit true "o on ! o!r ! break %\ld be h>dly visible1 if ! pressure has be5 great en\gh to =ce out ! t9y bubbles1 :i* o!rwise refract ! light & make ! l9e ( cleavage di/ress+ly app>5t4 ,m5d$ glass may be us$ to hold dry ?+s--z rose leaves1 sa*ets1 violet p[d]1 ev5 c&ies & fruits4 ,b x w n be> to h any sort ( liquid left /&+ 9 x1 nor to be wa%$ beyond a quick r9s+ 9 tepid wat]4 ,9 wip+ always use a v s(t t[el1 & pat ! vessel dry ) due reg>d to its infirmities4 ,m5d a lamp loose 9 ! coll> ) sift$ pla/] ( ,p>is mix$ to a v s(t pa/e ) beat5 :ite ( egg4 ,h ev]y?+ ready be=e wett+ up ! pla/]1 & "w quickly s x may set 9 place4 ,) sev]al lamps to m5d wet en\gh pla/] = "o at a "t4 ,x takes less ?an #e m9utes to set1 & is utt]ly wor?less if "o tries work+ x ov]4 ,metal "w ap>t f ! glass ne$s ! sold]+ iron4 ,du/ ! break well ) p[d]$ ros91 tie ! p>ts firmly toge!r1 lay ! /ick ( sold] above ! break1 & fet* ! iron d[n on x lightly b firmly4 ,:5 ! sold] cools1 remove ! melt$ ros9 ) a clo? dipp$ 9 alcohol4 ,s9ce breakables h s unhappy a knack ( fractur+ !mselves 9 su* fa%ion !y _c possibly /& upright1 "o ne$s a s& box4 ,x is only a box ( h&y size ) #h in*es ( clean1 co>se s& 9 ! bottom4 ,along ) x !re %\ld be "s small lead5 weights1 ) r+s ca/ 9 !m1 runn+ f an ounce to a qu>t] p\nd4 ,two ( ea* weight are ne$$4 ,9 use1 tapes are ti$ to ! r+s1 & ! pair ( weights swung outside ! edges ( ! box1 s z to press 9 place ! upp] "p ( a brok5 ?+ to :i* ! tapes h be5 fa/5$4 ,set brok5 platt]s on edge 9 ! s& box ) ! break up4 ,! s& w hold !m firm1 & ! brok5 bit c be slapp$ on4 ,x is ! same ) plates & sauc]s4 ,none ( ^! commonly requires weight+4 ,b v f9e pieces :]e an invisible seam is want$ %\ld be held firm until p>tly set1 !n h ! pair ( heavie/ weights accurately balanc$ across ! brok5 piece4 ,! weights are also v useful to prop & /ay topheavy articles & balance !m s !y %all n get out ( kilt]4 ,a cup brok51 z is s common ) cups1 c h ! tape pass$ ar\nd x1 cross+ inside ! h&le1 !n be set firmly 9 ! s&1 face d[n1 & be held by ! hang+ weights pull+ "o aga9/ ! o!r4 ,! mo/ dep5dable cem5t = *9a is pure :ite lead1 gr\nd 9 l9se$ oil1 s ?ick x w b>ely spread smoo?ly ) a knife4 ,giv5 "t en\gh to h>d5 7"s #c mon?s71 x makes a seam practically inde/ructible4 ,! objection to x is t x always %[s 9 a />+ :ite l9e4 ,a bett] cem5t = f9e *9a is :ite ( egg & pla/]4 ,sift ! pla/] ?ree times & tie a g5]\s p9* ( x loosely 9 mosquito nett+4 ,!n beat ! egg until x w /ick to ! pla/]4 ,h ! brok5 edge v clean1 cov] bo? ) ! beat5 egg1 du/ well ) ! pla/]1 fit toge!r at once1 tie1 us+ rubb] b&s if possible1 wrap loosely 9 v s(t tissue pap]1 & bury head & e>s 9 ! s& box1 tak+ c>e t ! break lies s t ! s& w hold x toge!r4 ,leave 9 ! box #bd h\rs4 ,aft] a week ! sup]flu\s pla/] may be g5tly scrap$ away4 ,g5]al ,=mulas = ,cem5ts = ,repair+ ,porcela91 ,glassw>e1 ,crock]y1 ,pla/]1 & ,me]s*aum4--,i4--,an excell5t cem5t = jo9+ brok5 crock]y & simil> small articles c be made by melt+ #d or #e p>ts ( ros9 7or1 bett] /ill1 gum ma/ic7 ) #a "p ( beeswax 9 an iron spoon or simil> vessel4 ,apply :ile hot4 ,x w n /& great heat4 ,,ii4--,an excell5t cem5t = porcela9 & /onew>e is obta9$ by mix+ #bj p>ts ( fi% glue ) an equal weight ( cry/allizable acetic acid & evaporate ! mixture c>efully to a syrupy consi/5cy s t x =ms a gelat9\s mass on cool+4 ,= use ! cem5t ?us obta9$ is made liquid aga9 by heat+ & appli$ to ! fracture ) a bru%4 ,! pieces %\ld n[ be press$ firmly toge!r1 by w9d+ a tw9e tightly ar\nd !m1 until ! cem5t has h>d5$4 ,,iii4--,= lut+ vessels made ( glass1 #bh porcela91 etc41 :i* are to be us$ to hold /rong acids1 a mixture ( asbe/os p[d]1 wat] glass1 & an indiff]5t p[d] 7p]man5t :ite1 s&1 etc47 is recomm5d$4 ,to beg9 )1 asbe/os p[d] is made into a pulp ) ?ree or f\r times ! quantity 7weight7 ( a solution ( soda wat] glass 7( #cj ,b474 ,! same is exce$+ly fat & pla/ic1 b is n v well suit$ = work+1 z x %r9ks too mu* & cracks :5 dry+4 ,by an addition ( f9e writ+ s& ( ! same weight z ! asbe/os us$1 ! mass c be made less fat1 s z to obviate %r9k+1 )\t detract+ f ! pla/icity4 ,small vessels 7 mold$ f x & dri$ 9 ! air1 to be te/$ aft]w>ds4 ,put 9 wat]1 ! h>d5$ mass becomes s(t aga9 & falls ap>t4 ,br\ght into contact1 h[ev]1 ) v /rong m9]al acids1 x becomes ev5 firm] & )/&s ! liquid p]fectly4 ,conc5trat$ nitric acid 0 kept 9 su* small vessels )\t ! mass be+ visibly attack$ or any?+ p5etrat+ x4 ,! action ( ! acid manife/ly has ! effect t silicic acid is set free f ! wat] glass 9 excess1 :i* clogs up ! pores entirely & contributes to ! lutation4 ,lat] on1 ! mass _c be dissolv$ by pure wat] any m4 ,! mass is also highly firepro(4 ,"o ( ! mold$ bodies c be kept gl[+ 9 a ,buns5 gas flame = ab\t half a day aft] treatm5t ) acid1 )\t slagg+ 9 ! lea/4 ,= _m purposes x ought to be welcome to h su* a mass at h&4 ,x _c be kept ready = use1 h[ev]1 z x h>d5s a few h\rs aft] be+ prep>$2 if pota% wat] glass is us$1 in/ead ( ! soda composition1 ?is induration takes place /ill m quickly4 ,,iv4--,cem5t = ,glass1 ,porcela91 etc4-- ,is+lass 7fi% glue7 #ej p>ts ,gum ammoniac #d p>ts ,gum ma/ic #b p>ts ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #aj p>ts ,wat]1 q4 s4 ,soak ! is+lass 9 cold wat] ov] night1 or until x has become swoll5 & s(t ?r\gh\t4 ,9 ! morn+ ?r[ (f any sup]flu\s fluid & ?r[ ! is+lass on a clean t[el or o!r co>se clo?1 & hang x up 9 su* a way t any free residual wat] w dra9 away4 ,^u do+ ?is ?or\ghly dep5ds1 9 a great measure1 ! /r5g? ( ! cem5t4 ,:5 ! gelat9 has become ?or\ghly dra9$ put x into a flask or o!r conta9]1 place x 9 ! wat] ba? & heat c>efully until x becomes fluid1 be+ c>eful n to let x come to a boil1 z ?is injures its adhesive prop]ties 7! same may be said 9 reg>d to glues & gelat9s ( all k9ds74 ,dissolve ! gums 9 ! alcohol & add ! solution to ! gelat9 aft] remov+ ! same f ! wat] ba?1 & lett+ x cool d[n to ab\t #afj ,f4 ,/ir well toge!r or mix by agitation4 ,! foll[+ precautions mu/ be obs]v$3 #a4 ,bo? surfaces to be jo9$ mu/ be absolutely clean1 free f du/1 dirt1 grease1 etc4 #b4 ,:]e ! cem5t is "o t requires ! application ( heat be=e use1 ! objects to be unit$ %\ld also be heat$ to a po9t at lea/ z high z ! melt+ po9t ( ! cem5t4 ,o!rwise1 ! cem5t on application is *ill$ & consequ5tly fails to make a la/+ jo9t4 #c4 ,! ?9n] ! lay] ( cem5t ! /rong] ! jo9t2 avoid1 !re=e1 us+ too mu* ( ! b9d+ mat]ial4 ,cov] bo? surfaces to be unit$1 coapt !m exactly1 & press toge!r z closely z possible4 ,9 ?is mann] ! ?9ne/ possible lay] is secur$4 #d4 ,b9d ! p>ts securely toge!r1 & let rema9 )\t loos5+ or attempt+ to use ! article = #b or #c days or long]4 ,a liquid cem5t acquires its full /r5g? only aft] evaporation ( ! fluids us$ z solv5ts1 & ?is c occur only f ! inf9itesimal l9e ( expos$ surface4 ,v4--,liquid ,porcela9 ,cem5t4--,fi% glue1 #bj p>ts2 glass acetic acid1 #bj p>ts2 heat toge!r until ! mass gelat9izes on cool+4 ,,vi4--,take #a ounce ( ,russian is+lass1 cut 9 small pieces1 & bruise well2 !n add #f ounces ( w>m wat]1 & leave x 9 a w>m place = f #bd to #dh h\rs4 ,evaporate ! result+ solution to ab\t #c ounces4 ,next dissolve #a_/b ounce ( ma/ic 9 #d ounces ( alcohol1 & add ! ma/ic solution to ! is+lass 9 small quantities at a "t1 cont9u+ ! heat & /irr+ well4 ,:ile /ill hot /ra9 ! liquid ?r\gh musl94 ,,vii4--,= optical glasses1 ,canada balsam is employ$1 ! two pieces be+ firmly press$ toge!r4 ,aft] a :ile1 especially by humidity1 punctures w =m1 & ! glass is sep>at$ by a mi/ ( v>y+ reflexes1 :ile 9 c]ta9 climates ! heat w melt ! balsam4 ,= all o!r glass articles :i* require only simple treatm5t1 su* z knobs ( cov]s1 plates1 etc41 silicate ( pota% is excell5t4 ,,viii4--,glass ,cem5t4--,dissolve 9 #aej p>ts ( acetic acid ( #if p] c5t1 #ajj #bi p>ts ( gelat9 by ! use ( heat1 & add ammonium bi*romate1 #e p>ts4 ,?is glue mu/ be kept away f ! light4 ,,ix4--,:ite glue #aj p>ts ,potassium bi*romate #b p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,! glue is dissolv$ 9 a portion ( ! wat] by ! aid ( heat1 ! bi*romate 9 ! rema9d]1 & ! liquids mix$1 ! mix+ be+ done 9 a feebly light$ place1 & ! mixture is !n kept 9 ! d>k4 ,x is appli$ 9 feeble light1 be+ reliquefi$ by g5tle heat1 & ! glass1 ! fractur$ pieces be+ tightly clamp$ toge!r1 is !n expos$ to a /rong light = "s "t4 ,by ?is exposure ! cem5t becomes insoluble4 ,?is is wat]pro( cem5t = glass4 ,x4--,diamond ,glass ,cem5t4--,dissolve #ajj p>ts ( fi% glue 9 #aej p>ts ( #ij p] c5t alcohol & add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 #bjj p>ts ( p[d]$ ros94 ,?is cem5t mu/ be pres]v$ 9 absolutely tight bottles1 z x solidifies v quickly4 ,,xi4--,to unite objects ( cry/al dissolve #h p>ts ( ca\t*\c & #ajj p>ts ( gum ma/ic 9 #fjj p>ts ( *lor(orm4 ,set aside1 h]metically clos$1 = #h days2 !n apply ) a bru%1 cold4 ,,xii4--,to make a transp>5t cem5t = glass1 dige/ toge!r = a week 9 ! cold #a ounce ( india rubb]1 #fg ounces ( *lor(orm1 & #dj ounces ( ma/ic4 ,,xiii4--,a mixture ( traumatic91 a solution ( ca\t*\c 9 *lor(orm1 & a conc5trat$ solution ( wat] glass make a capital cem5t = unit+ articles ( glass4 ,n only is ! jo9t v /rong1 b x is transp>5t4 ,nei!r *anges ( temp]ature nor moi/ure affect ! cem5t4 ,,xiv4--,a transp>5t cem5t = porcela9 is prep>$ by dissolv+ #ge p>ts ( india rubb]1 cut into small pieces1 9 a bottle conta9+ #fj p>ts *lor(orm2 to ?is add #ae p>ts gre5 ma/ic4 ,let ! bottle /& 9 ! cold until ! +r$i5ts h become ?or\ghly dissolv$4 ,,xv4--,"s prep>ations resi/ ! action ( heat & moi/ure a %ort "t1 b g5]ally yield v quickly4 ,! foll[+ cem5t = glass has prov5 mo/ resi/ant to liquids & heat3 ,silv] li?>ge #a1jjj p>ts ,:ite lead #ej p>ts ,boil$ l9se$ oil #c p>ts ,copal v>ni% #a "p ,mix ! lead & li?>ge ?or\ghly1 & ! oil & copal 9 ! same mann]1 & pres]ve sep>ately4 ,:5 ne$$ = use1 mix 9 ! proportions indicat$ 7#aej p>ts ( ! p[d] to #d p>ts ( ! liquid7 & knead well toge!r4 ,apply to ! edges ( ! glass1 b9d ! brok5 p>ts toge!r1 & let /& = f #bd to #dh h\rs4 ,,xvi4--,to reunite pla/] articles dissolve small pieces ( celluloid 9 e!r2 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r decant1 & use ! pa/y deposit :i* rema9s = sme>+ ! edges ( ! articles4 ,x dries rapidly & is insoluble 9 wat]4 ,,xvii4--,to ,m5d ,w$gwood ,mort>s4--,x is easy en\gh to m5d mort>s s t !y may be us$ = mak+ emulsions & o!r light "w :i* does n tax _! /r5g? too mu*4 ,b a m5d$ mort> w h>dly be able to /& ! =ce requir$ = p[d]+ h>d sub/ances4 ,a good cem5t = m5d+ mort>s is ! foll[+3 a4--,glass fl\r elutriat$ #aj p>ts ,fluorsp>1 p[d]$ & elutriat$ #bj p>ts ,silicate ( soda #fj p>ts ,bo? glass & fluorsp> mu/ be 9 ! f9e/ possible condition1 :i* is be/ done by %ak+ ea* 9 f9e p[d]1 ) wat] all[+ ! co>s] p>ticles to deposit1 & !n to p\r (f ! rema9d]1 :i* holds ! f9e/ p>ticles 9 susp5sion4 ,! mixture mu/ be made v rapidly by quick /irr+1 & :5 ?or\ghly mix$ mu/ be at once appli$4 ,?is is said to yield an excell5t cem5t4 b4--,fre%ly burnt pla/] ( ,p>is #e p>ts ,fre%ly burnt lime #a "p ,:ite ( egg1 suffici5t4 ,r$uce ! fir/ two +r$i5ts to a v f9e p[d] & mix !m well2 moi/5 ! two surfaces to be unit$ ) a small quantity ( :ite ( egg to make !m adhesive2 !n mix ! p[d] v rapidly ) ! :ite ( egg & apply ! mixture to ! brok5 surfaces4 ,if !y are l>ge1 two p]sons %\ld d ?is1 ea* apply+ ! cem5t to "o portion4 ,! pieces are !n firmly press$ toge!r & left undi/urb$ = sev]al days4 ,! less cem5t is us$ ! bett] w ! articles hold toge!r4 c4--,if !re is no objection to d>k-color$ cem5t1 ! v be/ t c be us$ is probably m>9e glue4 ,?is is made ?us3 ,t5 p>ts ( ca\t*\c or india rubb] are dissolv$ 9 #abj p>ts ( b5z9e or petroleum naph?a1 ) #cj ! aid ( a g5tle heat4 ,:5 ! solution is complete1 :i* sometimes requires f #aj to #ad days1 #bj p>ts ( asphalt are melt$ 9 an iron vessel & ! ca\t*\c solution is p\r$ 9 v sl[ly 9 a f9e /ream & "u cont9u$ heat+1 until ! mass has become homog5e\s & ne>ly all ! solv5t has be5 driv5 (f4 ,x is !n p\r$ out & ca/ into greas$ t9 molds4 ,x =ms d>k br[n or black cakes1 :i* are v h>d to break4 ,?is cem5t requires consid]able heat to melt x2 & to prev5t x f be+ burnt x is be/ to heat a capsule conta9+ a piece ( x fir/ on a wat] ba? until ! cake s(t5s & beg9s to be liquid4 ,x is !n c>efully wip$ dry & heat$ ov] a nak$ flame1 "u con/ant /irr+1 up to ab\t #cjj ,f4 ,! edges ( ! article to be m5d$ %\ld1 if possible1 also be heat$ to at lea/ #bab ,f41 s z to p]mit ! cem5t to be appli$ at leisure & ) c>e4 ,! ?9n] ! cem5t is appli$ ! bett] x b9ds4 ,me]s*aum ,cem5ts4--,i4--,if ! mat]ial is g5u9e 7natural7 me]s*aum a la/+ jo9t c be made betwe5 ! p>ts by proce$+ z foll[s3 ,clean a clove or two ( g>lic 7! fre%] ! bett]7 by remov+ all ! outside hull ( sk92 ?r[ into a little mort> & ma% to a pa/e4 ,rub ?is pa/e ov] ea* surface to be unit$ & jo9 quickly4 ,br+ ! p>ts z closely toge!r z possible & fa/5 9 ?is position4 ,h ready "s boil+ fre% milk2 place ! article 9 x & cont9ue ! boil+ = #cj m9utes4 ,remove & let cool sl[ly4 ,if prop]ly done1 ?is makes a jo9t t w /& any ord9>y treatm5t1 & is ne>ly invisible4 ,= composition1 use a cem5t made ( quicklime1 rubb$ to a ?ick cream ) egg album54 ,,ii4--,mix v f9e me]s*aum %av+s ) album5 or dissolve case9 9 wat] glass1 /ir f9ely p[d]$ magnesia into ! mass1 & use ! cem5t at once4 ,?is h>d5s quickly4 ,asbe/os ,cem5t4--,gr\nd asbe/os may be made into a cem5t :i* w /& a high degree ( heat by simply mix+ x ) a solution ( sodium silicate4 ,by subsequ5t treatm5t ) a solution ( calcium *loride ! mass may be made insoluble1 silicate ( calcium be+ =m$4 ,a cem5t said to /& a high degree ( heat & to be suitable = cem5t+ glass1 porcela91 or o!r vessels int5d$ to hold corrosive acids1 is ?is "o3 ,i4--,asbe/os #b p>ts ,b>ium sulphate #c p>ts ,sodium silicate #b p>ts ,by mix+ ^! +r$i5ts a cem5t /rong en\gh to resi/ ! /ronge/ nitric acid w be obta9$4 ,if hot acids are dealt )1 ! foll[+ mixture w be f\nd to possess /ill m resi/ant p[]s3 ,,ii4--,sodium silicate #b p>ts ,f9e s& #a "p ,asbe/os p[d] #a "p ,bo? ^! cem5ts take a few h\rs to set4 ,if ! cem5t is want$ to set at once1 use potassium silicate in/ead ( sodium silicate4 ,?is mixture w be in/antly effective1 & possesses ! same p[] ( resi/ance z ! o!r4 ,p>isian ,cem5t4--,mix #a "p ( f9ely gr\nd glass p[d]1 obta9$ by levigation1 ) #c p>ts ( f9ely p[d]$ z9c oxide r5d]$ p]fectly free f c>bonic acid by calc9ation4 ,besides prep>e a solution ( #a "p1 by weight1 ( borax 9 a v small quantity ( hot wat] & mix ?is ) #ej p>ts ( a highly conc5trat$ z9c *loride solution ( #a4e to #a4f specific gravity4 ,z is well kn[n ! mixture ( ?is p[d] ) ! liquid into a s(t uni=m pa/e is accompli%$ only imm$iately be=e use4 ,! induration to a /onelike mass takes place )9 a few m9utes1 ! admixture ( borax ret>d+ ! solidification some:at4 ,! pure :ite color ( ! p[d] may be t9t$ ) o*]1 manganese1 etc41 accord+ to ! %ade desir$4 ,/rong ,cem5t4--,p\r ov] well-wa%$ & clean$ case9 #ab #a_/b p>ts ( boil$ l9se$ oil & ! same am\nt ( ca/or oil4 ,boil4 ,/ir actively & add a small am\nt ( a saturat$ aque\s solution ( alum2 remove f ! fire & set aside4 ,aft] a :ile a milky look+ fluid w sep>ate & rise4 ,?is %\ld be p\r$ (f4 ,to ! residue add #abj p>ts ( rock c&y syrup & #f p>ts ( dextr94 ,a ,*eap & ,excell5t ,cem5t4--,a *eap & excell5t cem5t1 insoluble aft] dry+ 9 wat]1 petroleum1 oils1 c>bon disulphide1 etc41 v h>d :5 dry & ( v consid]able t5sile /r5g?1 is compos$ ( case9 & "s tannic-acid comp\nd1 z1 = in/ance1 calcium tannate1 & is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,fir/1 a tann9 solution is prep>$ ei!r by dissolv+ a tann9 salt1 or by extraction f vegetable s\rces 7z b>ks f c]ta9 trees1 etc471 to :i* #ca is add$ cle> lime wat] 7obta9$ by filt]+ milk ( lime1 or by lett+ ! milk /& until ! lime subsides7 until no fur!r precipitation occurs1 & r$ litmus pap] plung$ 9 ! fluid is turn$ blue4 ,! liquid is n[ sep>at$ f its precipitate1 ei!r by decantation or o!rwise1 & ! precipitate is dri$4 ,9 op]at+ ) l>ge quantities ( ! sub/ance1 ?is is done by pass+ a /ream ( atmosph]ic air ?r\gh ! same4 ,! lime tannate obta9$ ?us is !n mix$ ) case9 9 proportions runn+ f #a3a up to #a3aj1 & ! mixture1 ?or\ghly dri$1 is mill$ into ! consi/5cy ( ! f9e/ p[d]4 ,?is p[d] has n[ only to be mix$ ) wat] to be ready = use1 ! consi/5cy ( ! prep>ation dep5d+ ^u ! use to :i* x is to be put4 ,univ]sal ,cem5t4--,take gum arabic1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight2 />*1 #ge p>ts1 by weight2 :ite sug>1 #ba p>ts1 by weight2 camphor1 #d p>ts1 by weight4 ,dissolve ! gum arabic 9 a little wat]2 also dissolve ! />* 9 a little wat]4 ,mix & add ! sug> & camphor4 ,boil on ! wat] ba? until a pa/e is =m$ :i*1 on coat+1 w ?ick54 ,cem5t = ,ivory4--,melt toge!r equal p>ts ( gutta p]*a & ord9>y pit*4 ,! pieces to be unit$ h to be w>m$4 ,cem5t = ,belts4--,mix #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( fi% glue ) equal p>ts ( :ey & acetic acid4 ,!n add #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( g>lic 9 pa/e =m & boil ! :ole on ! wat] ba?4 ,at ! same "t make a solution ( #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( gelat9 9 ! same quantity ( :ey1 & mix bo? liquids4 ,to ! :ole add1 f9ally1 #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( #ij-p]-c5t alcohol &1 aft] filtration1 a cem5t is obta9$ :i* c be readily appli$ ) a bru% & possesses extraord9>y b9d+ qualities4 ,cem5t = ,*emical ,app>atus4--,melt toge!r #bj p>ts ( gutta p]*a1 #aj p>ts ( yell[ wax1 & #cj p>ts ( %ellac4 ,size ,ov] ,portl& ,cem5t4--,! be/ size to use on ,portl& cem5t mold+ = wall pap] w\ld ord9>ily be glue & alum size put on ?9 & w>m1 made 9 proportion ( #a_/b p\nd ( glue & same weight ( alum dissolv$ 9 sep>ate pails1 !n p\r$ toge!r4 ,aqu>ium ,cem5ts4-- ,i4--,li?>ge #c ounces ,f9e :ite s& #c ounces ,pla/] ( ,p>is #c ounces ,ros91 9 f9e p[d] #a ounce ,l9se$ oil1 en\gh4 ,dri]1 en\gh4 ,mix ! fir/ ?ree +r$i5ts1 add suffici5t l9se$ oil to make a homog5e\s pa/e1 & !n add a small quantity ( dri]4 ,?is %\ld /& a few h\rs be=e x is us$4 ,x is said t glass jo9$ to iron ) ?is cem5t w break be=e x w come loose4 ,,ii4--,li?>ge #a ounce ,f9e :ite s& #a ounce ,pla/] ( ,p>is #a ounce ,manganese borate #bj gra9s ,ros91 9 f9e p[d] #c #a_/b p\nds ,l9se$ v>ni% oil1 en\gh4 ,,iii4--,take equal p>ts ( fl[]s ( sulphur1 ammonium *loride1 & iron fil+s1 & mix ?or\ghly ) boil$ l9se$ oil4 ,f9ally1 add en\gh :ite lead to =m a ?9 pa/e4 ,,iv4--,p[d]$ graphite #f p>ts ,slak$ lime #c p>ts ,b>ium sulphate #h p>ts ,l9se$ v>ni% oil #g p>ts ,v4--,simply mix equal p>ts ( :ite & r$ lead ) a little kettle-boil$ l9se$ oil4 ,sub/itute = ,cem5t on ,gr9d] ,disks4--,a good sub/itute 9 place ( glue or v>i\s k9ds ( cem5t = fa/5+ em]y clo? to ! disks ( gr9d]s ( ! ,g>dn] type is to heat or w>m ! disk & apply a ?9 coat+ ( beeswax2 !n put ! em]y clo? 9 place & all[ to set & cool "u pressure4 ,knock5plombe4--,if #a "p ( ?ymol be mix$ ) #b p>ts ( iod(orm we obta9 a sub/ance t reta9s its fluidity d[n to #gb ,c4 7#afa4f ,f474 ,if ! temp]ature be c>ri$ d[n to #fj ,c4 7#adj ,f47 x sudd5ly becomes solid & h>d4 ,if1 9 its liquid condition1 ?is sub/ance be mix$ intimately ) an equal quantity ( calc9$ bone1 x =ms a cem5t t c be mold$ or knead$ into any %ape1 t1 at ! temp]ature ( ! body 7#ih ,f471 becomes z h>d z /one1 a fact t sugge/s _m useful purposes to :i* ! mixture may be put4 ,cem5t = ,g5]al ,use4--,take gum arabic1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight2 />*1 #ge #cb p>ts by weight2 :ite sug>1 #ba p>ts1 by weight2 camphor1 #d p>ts1 by weight4 ,dissolve ! gum arabic 9 a little wat]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 dissolve ! />* also 9 "s wat]4 ,:5 ?is is done add ! sug> & ! camphor & put 9 a wat] ba?4 ,boil until a pa/e is =m$1 :i* mu/ be r ?91 because x w ?ick5 on cool+4 ,/rong ,cem5t4--,p\r ov] well-wa%$ & clean$ case9 #ab #a_/b p>ts ( boil$ l9se$ oil & ! same am\nt ( ca/or oil1 put on ! fire & br+ to a boil2 /ir actively & add a small am\nt ( a saturat$ aque\s solution ( alum2 remove f ! fire & set aside4 ,aft] /&+ a :ile a milky-look+ fluid w sep>ate at ! bottom & rise to ! top4 ,?is %\ld be p\r$ (f & to ! residue add #abj p>ts ( rock-c&y syrup & #f p>ts ( dextr9e4 ,syndeticon4--,i4--,slake #ajj p>ts ( burnt lime ) #ej p>ts ( wat]1 p\r (f ! sup]natant wat]2 next1 dissolve #fj p>ts ( lump sug> 9 #afj p>ts ( wat]1 add to ! solution #ae p>ts ( ! slak$ lime1 heat to #gj or #hj ,c4 7#aeh to #agf ,f471 & set aside1 %ak+ frequ5tly4 ,f9ally dissolve #ej to #fj p>ts ( g5u9e ,cologne glue 9 #bej p>ts ( ! cle> solution4 ,,ii4--,a solution ( #aj p>ts gum arabic & #cj p>ts ( sug> 9 #ajj p>ts ( soda wat] glass4 ,,iii4--,a hot solution ( #ej p>ts ( ,cologne glue 9 #fj p>ts ( a #bj-p]-c5t aque\s calcium-*loride solution4 ,,iv4--,a solution ( #ej p>ts ( ,cologne glue 9 #fj p>ts ( acetic acid4 ,v4--,soak is+lass 7fi% bladd]7 9 acetic acid ( #gj p] c5t until x swells up1 !n rub x up1 add+ a little wat] dur+ ! process4 8,%io ,liao40--,"u ?is "n ! ,*9ese manufacture an excell5t cem5t :i* takes ! place ( glue1 & ) :i* gypsum1 m>ble1 porcela91 /one1 & /onew>e c be cem5t$4 ,x consi/s ( ! foll[+ p>ts 7by weight73 ,slak$ p[d]$ lime1 #ed p>ts2 p[d]$ alum1 #f p>ts2 & fre%1 well-/ra9$ blood1 #dj p>ts4 ,^! mat]ials are /irr$ ?or\ghly until an intimately b\nd mass ( ! consi/5cy ( a m or less /iff salve is obta9$4 ,9 pa/e =m ?is mass is us$ z cem5t2 9 a liquid /ate x is employ$ = pa9t+ all sorts ( articles :i* are to be r5d]$ wat]pro( & durable4 ,c>dbo>d cov]s1 :i* are coat$ ) x two or ?ree times1 become z h>d z wood4 ,! ,*9ese pa9t _! h\ses ) 8%io liao0 & glaze _! b>rels ) x1 9 :i* !y transport oil & o!r greasy sub/ances4 ,,lutes4 ,lutes always consi/ ( a m5/ruum & dissolv$ or susp5d$ solids1 & !y mu/ n be attack$ by ! gases & liquids com+ 9 contact ) !m4 ,9 "s cases ! con/itu5ts ( ! lute react to =m a m /rongly adh]+ mass4 ,! conditions ( application are1 9 brief3 7a7 ,heat+ ! composition to make x pla/ic until firmly fix$ 9 place4 7b7 ,heat+ ! surfaces4 7c7 ,apply+ ! lute ) wat] or a volatile solv5t1 :i* is all[$ to volatilize4 7d7 ,moi/5+ ! surfaces ) wat]1 oil1 etc4 7! m5/ruum ( ! lute itself74 7e7 ,apply+ ! lute 9 workable condition & ! sett+ tak+ place by *emical reactions4 7f7 ,sett+ by hydration4 7g7 ,sett+ by oxidation4 ,^! pr9ciples w be f\nd to cov] ne>ly all cases4 ,jo9ts %\ld n be ill-fitt+1 dep5d+ ^u ! lute to d :at ! pipes or o!r p>ts ( ! app>atus %\ld d4 ,9 mo/ cases "o "p ( ! fitt+ %\ld ov]lap ! o!r1 s z to make a small am\nt ( ! lute effective & to keep ! p>ts ( ! app>atus rigid1 z a lut$ jo9t is n suppos$ to be a p>ticul>ly /rong "o1 b r "o quickly appli$1 effective :ile 9 place & easily remov$4 ,v mod]ate am\nts ( ! lute %\ld be us$1 z l>ge am\nts are likely to develop cracks1 be rubb$ (f1 etc4 ,a classification may be giv5 z foll[s3 7#a7 ,pla/] ( ,p>is4 7#b7 ,hydraulic cem5t4 7#c7 ,clay4 7#d7 ,lime4 7#e7 ,asphalt & pit*4 7#f7 ,ros94 7#g7 ,rubb]4 7#h7 ,l9se$ oil4 7#i7 ,case9 & album54 7#aj7 ,silicates ( soda & oxy*loride cem5ts4 7#aa7 ,fl\r & />*4 7#ab7 ,miscellane\s1 includ+ core comp\nds4 ,i4 ,pla/] ( ,p>is is1 ( c\rse1 (t5 us$ alone z a pa/e2 :i* quickly #cc solidifies1 = gas & wood di/illation retorts1 etc41 & simil> places :]e quickness ( sett+ is requisite4 ,x is m (t51 h[ev]1 us$ ) "s fibr\s mat]ial to give x great] /r5g?4 ,asbe/os is ! mo/ commonly us$ mat]ial ( ^!1 z x w /& a high temp]ature4 ,:5 t is n s important1 /raw1 plu% trimm+s1 hair1 etc41 are us$ z b9d]s1 :ile brok5 /one1 glass1 & v>i\s m9]al sub/ances are us$ z fill]s1 b !y d n add any?+ to ! /r5g?4 ,^! lutes seem to be p>ticul>ly suitable = oil vapors & hydroc>bon gases4 ,=mulas3 7#a7 ,pla/] & wat]4 7#b7 ,pla/] 7wet7 & asbe/os4 7#c7 ,pla/] 7wet7 & /raw4 7#d7 ,pla/] 7wet7 & plu% trimm+s4 7#e7 ,pla/] 7wet7 & hair4 7#f7 ,pla/] 7wet7 & brok5 /one1 etc4 ,,ii4 ,hydraulic ,cem5t4--,cem5t is us$ ei!r alone or ) s&1 asbe/os1 etc4 ,^! lutes are suitable = nitric acid4 ,:5 us$ ) sub/ances su* z ros9 or sulphur1 cem5t is probably employ$ because x is 9 su* a f9e /ate ( division & us$ z a fill] & n because ( any p[]s ( sett+ by hydration4 ,=mulas3 7#a7 ,cem5t--neat4 7#b7 ,cem5t & asbe/os4 7#c7 ,cem5t & s&4 ,,iii4 ,clay4--,?is mo/ frequ5tly ent]s into ! composition ( lutes z a fill]1 b ev5 !n ! v f9ely divid$ condition ( c]ta9 grades r5d]s x valuable1 z x gives body to a liquid1 su* z l9se$ oil1 :i*1 unless /iff5$1 w\ld be p]vi\s to a gas1 ! clay 9 all cases be+ neutral4 ,?us1 = lut+ pipes c>ry+ *lor9e1 a /iff pa/e ( clay & molasses has be5 sugge/$ by ,!o4 ,kll] 9 ,die ,surrogate1 b x soon gives way4 ,=mulas3 7#a7 ,clay & l9se$ oil4 7#b7 ,same1 us+ fire clay4 7#c7 ,clay & molasses4 7#a7 ,is suitable = /eam1 etc42 7#b7 = *lor9e1 & 7#c7 = oil vapors4 ,,iv4 ,lime is us$ 9 ! old lute kn[n z putty1 :i* consi/s ( cau/ic lime & l9se$ oil4 ,frequ5tly ! lime is replac$ by *alk & *9a clay1 b ! lime %\ld be1 9 "p at lea/1 cau/ic1 s z to =m a c]ta9 am\nt ( lime soap4 ,lime is also us$ 9 silicate & case9 compositions1 :i* are v /rong & useful1 b w be describ$ else:]e4 ,=mulas3 7#a7 ,lime & boil$ oil to /iff mass4 7#b7 ,clay1 etc41 boil$ oil to /iff mass4 ,v4 ,asphalt & ,pit*4--,^! sub/ances are us$ 9 lutes some:at int]*angeably4 ,z a rule1 pit* makes ! /rong] lutes4 ,t> is sometimes us$1 b1 because ( ! light oils &1 frequ5tly1 wat] conta9$1 x is n s good z ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,asphalt dissolv$ 9 b5zol is v useful = unit+ glass = photographic1 microscopical1 & o!r uses4 ,also = coat+ wood1 concrete1 etc41 :]e ! melt$ asphalt w\ld be too ?ick to cov] well4 ,b5zol is ! *eape/ solv5t t is satisfactory = ?is purpose1 z ! only "o t is *eap] w\ld be a petroleum naph?a1 :i* does n dissolve all ! con/itu5ts ( ! asphalt4 ,= wat]pro(+ wood1 brick1 concrete1 etc41 melt$ asphalt alone is mu* us$1 b :5 a little p>aff9e is add$1 x improves its wat]pro(+ qualities1 & 9 p>ticul> cases boil$ oil is also add$ to advantage4 ,=mulas3 #a4 ,ref9$ lake asphalt4 #b4 ,asphalt #d p>ts ,p>aff9e #a "p #c4 ,asphalt #aj p>ts ,p>aff9e #b p>ts ,boil$ oil #a "p ,any ( ^! may be ?9n$ ) hot b5zol or toluol4 ,toluol is less volatile ?an b5zol & ab\t z *eap1 if n *eap]1 ! /raw-color$ grades be+ ab\t #bd c5ts p] gallon4 ,examples ( s-call$ 8/one cem5t0 are3 #d4 ,pit* #h p>ts ,ros9 #f p>ts ,wax #a "p ,pla/] #a_/d to #a_/b "p #e4 ,pit* #h p>ts ,ros9 #g p>ts ,sulphur #b p>ts ,/one p[d] #a "p ,^! compositions are us$ to unite slate slabs & /onew>e = dome/ic1 eng9e]+1 & *emical purposes4 ,v>i\s ros9 & pit* mixtures are us$ = ^! purposes1 & ! proportions ( ^! two +r$i5ts are det]m9$ by ! consi/5cy desir$4 ,sulphur & /one p[d] are add$ to prev5t ! =mation ( cracks1 sulphur act+ *emically & /one p[d] me*anically4 #cd ,:]e ! lute w\ld come 9 contact ) acid or vapors ( ! same1 lime/one %\ld n be ! p[d] us$1 o!rwise x is ab\t ! be/4 ,wax is a useful +r$i5t to keep ! composition f gett+ brittle ) age4 ,a class ( lutes "u ?is g5]al gr\p+ t are mu* us$ are s-call$ 8m>9e glues0 7q4 v474 ,!y mu/ be t\gh & ela/ic4 ,:5 us$ = calk+ on a vessel !y mu/ exp& & contract ) ! temp]ature & n crack or come loose4 ,=mulas3 #f4 ,pit* #c p>ts ,%ellac #b p>ts ,pure crude rubb] #a "p #g4 ,pit* #a "p ,%ellac #a "p ,rubb] sub/itute #a "p ,^! are us$ by melt+ ov] a burn]4 ,,vi4 ,ros91 ,%ellac1 & ,wax4--,a /rong cem5t1 us$ z a /one cem5t1 is3 #a4 ,ros9 #h p>ts ,wax #a "p ,turp5t9e #a "p ,x has little or no body1 & is us$ 9 ?9 lay]s4 ,= nitric & hydro*loric acid vapors3 #b4 ,ros9 #a "p ,sulphur #a "p ,fire clay #b p>ts ,sulphur gives great h>dness & p]man5cy to ros9 lutes1 b ?is composition is some:at brittle4 ,good wat]pro( lutes ( ?is class are3 #c4 ,ros9 #a "p ,wax #a "p ,p[d]$ /one #b p>ts #d4 ,%ellac #e p>ts ,wax #a "p ,turp5t9e #a "p ,*alk1 etc4 #h to #aj p>ts ,= a s(t air-tight pa/e = gr\nd-glass surfaces3 #e4 ,wax #a "p ,vasel9e #a "p #f4 ,a /rong cem5t1 )\t body1 = metals 7o!r ?an copp] or alloys ( same71 porcela91 & glass is made by lett+ #a "p ( f9ely p[d]$ %ellac /& ) #aj p>ts ( ammonia wat] until solution is effect$4 ,,vii4 ,rubb]4--,because ( its t\ghness1 ela/icity1 & resi/ance to alt]ative influ5ces1 rubb] is a v useful con/itu5t 9 lutes1 b its price makes its use v limit$4 ,lea!r ,cem5t4 #a4 ,asphalt #a "p ,ros9 #a "p ,gutta p]*a #d p>ts ,c>bon disulphide #bj p>ts ,to /& acid vapors3 #b4 ,rubb] #a "p ,l9se$ oil #c p>ts ,fire clay #c p>ts #c4 ,pla9 ,rubb] ,cem5t4--,cut ! crude rubb] 9 small pieces & !n add ! solv5t4 ,c>bon disulphide is ! be/1 b5zol good & mu* *eap]1 b gasol9e is probably mo/ ext5sively us$ because ( its *eapness4 #d4 ,to make corks & wood imp]vi\s to /eam & wat]1 soak !m 9 a rubb] solution z above2 if x is desir$ to protect !m f oil vapors1 use glue composition4 7,see ,section ,,ix47 ,,viii4 ,l9se$ ,oil4--,?is is "o ( ! mo/ g5]ally useful sub/ances we h = lut+ purposes1 if absorb$ by a por\s sub/ance t is in]t4 ,=mulas3 #a4 ,*9a clay ( g5]al utility = aque\s vapors4 ,l9se$ oil ( g5]al utility = aque\s vapors4 #b4 ,lime =m+ ! well-kn[n putty4 ,l9se$ oil =m+ ! well-kn[n putty4 #c4 ,r$ or :ite lead & l9se$ oil4 ,^! mixtures become v /rong :5 set & are be/ dilut$ ) p[d]$ glass1 clay1 or graphite4 ,!re are almo/ an endless numb] ( lutes us+ metallic oxides & l9se$ oil4 ,a v good "o1 n gett+ z h>d z ^? conta9+ lead1 is3 #d4 ,oxide ( iron & l9se$ oil4 ,,ix4 ,case91 ,album51 & ,glue4--,^!1 if prop]ly made1 become v t\gh & t5aci\s2 !y /& mod]ate heat & oil vapors1 b n acid vapors4 #a4 ,f9ely p[d]$ case9 #ab p>ts ,slak$ lime 7fre%7 #ej p>ts ,f9e s& #ej p>ts ,wat] to ?ick mu%4 ,a v /rong cem5t :i* /&s mod]ate heat is ! foll[+3 #b4 ,case9 9 v f9e p[d] #a "p ,rubb$ up ) silicate ( soda #c p>ts ,a /rong lute = g5]al purposes1 #ce :i* mu/ be us$ promptly :5 made3 #c4 ,:ite ( egg made into a pa/e ) slak$ lime4 ,a composition = soak+ corks1 wood1 pack+1 etc41 to r5d] !m imp]vi\s to oil vapors1 is3 ,gelat9e or good glue #b p>ts ,glyc]9e #a_/b to #a "p ,wat] #f p>ts ,oil ( w9t]gre51 etc41 to keep f spoil+4 ,x4 ,silicate ( ,oxy*loride ,cem5ts4--,= oil vapors1 /&+ ! highe/ heat3 #a4 ,a /iff pa/e ( silicate ( soda & asbe/os4 ,gaskets = sup]heat$ /eam1 retorts1 furnaces1 etc43 #b4 ,silicate ( soda & p[d]$ glass2 dry ! mixture & heat4 ,n s /rong1 h[ev]1 z ! foll[+3 #c4 ,silicate ( soda #ej p>ts ,asbe/os #ae p>ts ,slak$ lime #aj p>ts ,metal ,cem5t3 #d4 ,silicate ( soda #a "p ,oxides ( metal1 su* z z9c oxide2 li?>ge1 iron oxide1 s+ly or mix$ #a "p ,v h>d & extra /rong compositions3 #e4 ,z9c oxide #b p>ts ,z9c *loride #a "p ,wat] to make a pa/e4 #f4 ,magnesium oxide #b p>ts ,magnesium *loride #a "p ,wat] to make a pa/e4 ,,xi4 ,fl\r & ,/>* ,compositions4-- #a4 ,! well-kn[n flaxse$ p\ltice sets v t\gh1 b does n /& wat] or cond5s$ /eam4 #b4 ,fl\r & molasses1 made by mak+ a /iff composition ( ! two4 ,?is is an excell5t lute to h at h& at all times = em]g5cy use1 etc4 #c4 ,/iff pa/e ( fl\r & /rong z9c-*loride solution =ms a m imp]vi\s lute1 & is m p]man5t z a cem5t4 ,?is is good = mo/ purposes1 at ord9>y temp]ature1 :]e x w\ld n be 9 contact ) nitric-acid vapors or cond5s+ /eam4 #d4 ,a mixture ( dextr9e & f9e s& makes a good composition1 ma9ly us$ z core comp\nd4 ,,xii4 ,miscellane\s4-- #a4 ,li?>ge4 ,glyc]9e4 ,mix$ to =m a /iff pa/e1 sets & becomes v h>d & /rong1 & is v useful = ins]t+ glass tubes1 etc41 9 iron or brass4 ,= a high heat3 #b4 ,alum9a #a "p ,s& #d p>ts ,slak$ lime #a "p ,borax #a_/b "p ,wat] suffici5t4 ,a class ( mixtures t c be classifi$ only accord+ to _! int5d$ use are core comp\nds4 ,i4--,dextr9e1 ab\t #a "p ,s&1 ab\t #aj p>ts ,) en\gh wat] to =m a pa/e4 ,,ii4--,p[d]$ an?racite coal1 ) molasses to =m a /iff pa/e4 ,,iii4--,ros91 p>tly saponifi$ by soda lye #a "p ,fl\r #b p>ts ,s& 7) suffici5t wat]7 #d p>ts 7,^! proportions are approximate & ! am\nt ( s& c be increas$ = "s purposes47 ,,iv4--,glue1 p[d]$ #a "p ,fl\r #d p>ts ,s& 7) suffici5t wat]7 #f p>ts ,= "s purposes ! foll[+ mixture is us$4 ,x does n seem to be a gasket or a core comp\nd3 ,v4--,oats 7or :eat7 gr\nd #be p>ts ,glue1 p[d]$ #f p>ts ,sal ammoniac #a "p ,pap] read by ,samuel ,s4 ,sadtl] be=e ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute4 ,,pa/es3 ,dextr9e ,pa/es4-- ,i4--,borax1 p[d]$ #fj p>ts ,dextr9e1 light yell[ #dhj p>ts ,glucose #ej p>ts ,wat] #dbj p>ts ,by ! aid ( heat1 dissolve ! borax 9 ! wat] & add ! dextr9e & glucose4 ,cont9ue ! heat1 b d n let ! mixture boil1 & /ir con/antly until a homog5e\s solution is obta9$1 f "t to "t r5ew+ ! wat] lo/ by evaporation ) hot wat]4 ,f9ally1 br+ up to full weight 7#a1jjj p>ts7 by ! addition ( hot wat]1 !n /ra9 ?r\gh flannel4 ,prep>$ 9 ?is mann] ! pa/e rema9s bright & cle> = a long "t4 ,x has extraord9>y adhesive prop]ties & dries v rapidly4 ,if c>e is n tak5 to keep ! cook+ temp]ature bel[ ! boil+ po9t ( wat]1 ! pa/e is apt to become br[n & to be v brittle on dry+4 #cf ,,ii4--,dissolve 9 hot wat] a suffici5t quantity ( dextr9e to br+ x to ! consi/5cy ( honey4 ,?is =ms a /rong adhesive pa/e t w keep a long "t un*ang$1 if ! wat] is n all[$ to evaporate4 ,%eets ( pap] may be prep>$ = extempore labels by coat+ "o side ) ! pa/e & all[+ x to dry2 by slightly wett+ ! gumm$ side1 ! label w adh]e to glass4 ,?is pa/e is v useful 9 ! (fice or laboratory4 ,,iii4--,p\r ov] #a1jjj p>ts ( dextr9e #dej p>ts ( s(t wat] & /ir ! mixture = #aj m9utes4 ,aft] ! dextr9e has absorb$ ! wat]1 put ! mixture ov] ! fire1 or1 pref]ably1 on a wat] ba?1 & heat1 ) lively /irr+ = #e m9utes1 or until x =ms a light milk-l liquid1 on ! surface ( :i* little bubbles beg9 to =m & ! liquid is app>5tly beg9n+ to boil4 ,d n all[ x to come to a boil4 ,remove f ! fire & set 9 a bucket ( cold wat] to cool (f4 ,:5 cold add to e #a1jjj p>ts ( ! solution #ea p>ts glyc]9e & z mu* salicylic acid z w /& on ! tip ( a knife blade4 ,if ! solution is too ?ick1 ?9 x ) wat] t has be5 boil$ & cool$ (f aga94 ,d n add any m glyc]9e or ! solution w nev] set4 ,,iv4--,s(t5 #age p>ts ( ?ick dextr9e ) cold wat] & #bej p>ts ( boil+ wat] add$4 ,boil = #e m9utes & !n add #cj p>ts ( dilute acetic acid1 #cj p>ts glyc]9e1 & a drop or two ( clove oil4 ,v4--,p[d] co>sely #djj p>ts dextr9e & dissolve 9 #fjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,add #bj p>ts glyc]9e & #aj p>ts glucose & heat to #ij ,c4 7#aie ,f474 ,,vi4--,/ir #djj p>ts ( dextr9e ) wat] & ?9 ! mass ) #bjj p>ts m wat]1 #bj p>ts glucose1 & #aj p>ts alum9um sulphate4 ,heat ! :ole to #ij ,c4 7#aie ,f47 9 ! wat] ba? until ! :ole mass becomes cle> & liquid4 ,,vii4--,w>m #b p>ts ( dextr9e1 #e p>ts ( wat]1 #a "p ( acetic acid1 #a "p ( alcohol toge!r1 ) occasional /irr+ until a complete solution is atta9$4 ,,viii4--,dissolve by ! aid ( heat #ajj p>ts ( build]s' glue 9 #bjj p>ts ( wat] add #b p>ts ( blea*$ %ellac dissolv$ previ\sly 9 #ej p>ts ( alcohol4 ,dissolve by ! aid ( heat #ej p>ts ( dextr9e 9 #ej p>ts ( wat]1 & mix ! two solutions by /irr+ ! second sl[ly into ! fir/4 ,/ra9 ! mixture ?r\gh a clo? into a %all[ di% & let x h>d54 ,:5 ne$$ cut (f a piece ( suffici5t size & w>m until x becomes liquid & if necess>y or advisable ?9 ) wat]4 ,,ix4--,/ir up #aj p>ts ( dextr9e ) suffici5t wat] to make a ?ick bro?4 ,!n1 ov] a light fire1 heat & add #be p>ts ( sodium wat] glass4 ,x4--,dissolve #e p>ts ( dextr9e 9 wat] & add #a "p ( alum4 ,fa/5+ ,cork to ,metal4--,9 fa/5+ cork to iron & brass1 ev5 :5 ^! are lacqu]$1 a good seal+ wax conta9+ %ellac w be f\nd to s]ve ! purpose nicely4 ,wax prep>$ ) ros9 is n suitable4 ,! cork surface is pa9t$ ) ! melt$ seal+ wax4 ,! surface ( ! metal is heat$ ) a _s flame entirely free f soot1 until ! seal+ wax melts :5 press$ ^u ! metallic surface4 ,! wax is held 9 ! flame until x burns1 & x is !n appli$ to ! hot surface ( ! metal4 ,! cork surface pa9t$ ) seal+ wax is n[ held 9 ! flame1 & z soon z ! wax beg9s to melt ! cork is press$ firmly on ! metallic surface be>+ ! wax4 ,to ,pa/e ,celluloid on ,wood1 ,t91 or ,lea!r4--,to atta* celluloid to wood1 t91 or lea!r1 a mixture ( #a "p ( %ellac1 #a "p ( _s ( camphor1 #c to #d p>ts ( alcohol & _s ( camphor 7#ij7 is well adapt$1 9 :i* #a "p ( camphor is dissolv$ )\t heat+ 9 #g p>ts ( _s ( w9e ( #j4hcb specific gravity1 add+ #b p>ts ( wat]4 ,to ,pa/e ,pap] ,signs on ,metal or ,clo?4--,a piece ( gutta p]*a ( ! same size z ! label is laid "u ! latt] & ! :ole is heat$4 ,if ! heat+ _c be accompli%$ by means ( a _s lamp ! label %\ld be iron$ d[n "u a protective clo? or pap] 9 ! same mann] z wool5 goods are press$4 ,?is me?od is also v useful = atta*+ pap] labels to m9]als4 ,pa/e = ,fa/5+ ,lea!r1 ,oilclo?1 or ,simil> ,/uff to ,table or ,desk ,tops1 etc4--,use ! same pa/e = lea!r z = oilclo? or o!r goods1 b moi/5 ! lea!r be=e apply+ ! pa/e4 ,prep>e ! pa/e z foll[s3 ,mix #b #a_/d p\nds ( good :eat fl\r ) #b tablespoonfuls ( pulv]iz$ gum arabic or p[d]$ ros9 & #b tablespoonfuls ( pulv]iz$ alum 9 a clean di% ) wat] en\gh to make a uni=mly ?ick batt]2 set x ov] a sl[ fire & /ir cont9u\sly until ! pa/e is uni=m & free f lumps4 ,:5 ! mass has become s /\t t ! wood5 spoon or /ick w /& 9 x #cg upright1 x is tak5 f ! fire & plac$ 9 ano!r di% & cov]$ s t no sk9 w =m on top4 ,:5 cold1 ! table or desk top1 etc41 is cov]$ ) a ?9 coat ( ! pa/e1 ! clo?1 etc41 c>efully laid on & smoo!d f ! c5t] t[>d ! edges ) a roll+ p94 ,! trimm+ ( edges is accompli%$ :5 ! pa/e has dri$4 ,to smoo? out ! lea!r aft] pa/+1 a wool5 clo? is ( ! be/ s]vice4 ,to ,pa/e ,pap] on ,smoo? ,iron4--,ov] a wat] ba? dissolve #bjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( gelat9e 9 #aej p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]2 :ile /irr+ add #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( acetic acid1 #ej p>ts alcohol1 & #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( pulv]iz$ alum4 ,! spot ^u :i* x is desir$ to atta* ! pap] mu/ fir/ be rubb$ ) a bit ( f9e em]y pap]4 ,pa/e = ,affix+ ,clo? to ,metal4-- ,/>* #bj p>ts ,sug> #aj p>ts ,z9c *loride #a "p ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,mix ! +r$i5ts & /ir until a p]fectly smoo? liquid results entirely free f lumps1 !n w>m gradually until ! liquid ?ick5s4 ,to ,fix ,pap] ^u ,poli%$ ,metal4--,dissolve #djj p>ts1 by weight1 ( dextr9e 9 #fjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]2 add to ?is #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( glucose1 & heat almo/ to boil+4 ,album5 ,pa/e4--,fre% egg album5 is recomm5d$ z a pa/e = affix+ labels on bottles4 ,x is said t labels put on ) ?is sub/ance1 & well dri$ at ! "t1 w n loos5 ev5 :5 bottles are put into wat] & left !re = "s "t4 ,album51 dry1 is almo/ pro( aga9/ mold or f]m5ts4 ,z to co/1 x is b little if any high] ?an gum arabic1 ! :ite ( "o egg be+ suffici5t to atta* at lea/ #ajj m$ium-siz$ labels4 ,pa/e = ,p>*m5t ,pap]4--,! be/ ag5t is made by dissolv+ case9 9 a saturat$ aque\s solution ( borax4 ,m$ical ,pa/e4--,z an adhesive ag5t = m$ic9al purposes ,pr(essor ,reihl1 ( ,leipsic1 recomm5ds ! visc\s sub/ance conta9$ 9 ! :ite mi/letoe4 ,x is l>gely pres5t 9 ! b]ries & ! b>k ( ! plant2 x is call$ visc91 & c be produc$ at "o-t5? ! price ( ca\t*\c4 ,solutions 9 b5z9e may be us$ l ^? ( ca\t*\c )\t caus+ any irritation if appli$ mix$ ) m$ic9al rem$ies to ! sk94 ,pa/e ,t ,w ,n ,mold4--,mix good :ite fl\r ) cold wat] into a ?ick pa/e4 ,be sure to /ir out all ! lumps2 !n add boil+ wat]1 /irr+ all ! "t until ?or\ghly cook$4 ,to #f qu>ts ( ?is add #a_/b p\nd light br[n sug> & #a_/d ounce corrosive sublimate1 dissolv$ 9 a little hot wat]4 ,:5 ! pa/e is cool add #a dra*m oil ( lav5d]4 ,?is pa/e w keep = a long "t4 ,pa/+ ,wood & ,c>dbo>d on ,metal4--,9 a little wat] dissolve #ej p>ts ( lead acetate & #e p>ts ( alum4 ,9 ano!r receptacle dissolve #ge p>ts ( gum arabic 9 #b1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,into ?is gum-arabic solution p\r #ejj p>ts ( fl\r1 /irr+ con/antly1 & heat gradually to ! boil+ po9t4 ,m+le ! solution fir/ prep>$ ) ! second solution4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 m9d t1 ow+ to ! lead acetate1 ?is prep>ation is poison\s4 ,ag> ,ag> ,pa/e4--,! ag> ag> is brok5 up small1 wett$ ) wat]1 & expos$ 9 an e>!nw>e vessel to ! action ( ozone pump$ "u pressure into ! vessel f ! ozoniz+ app>atus4 ,ab\t an h\r ( ?is blea*es ! ag> ag> & makes x freely soluble 9 boil+ wat]1 :5 solutions f> m conc5trat$ ?an has hi!rto be5 possible c be prep>$4 ,on cool+1 ! solutions assume a milky appe>ance1 b =m no lumps & are readily reliquefi$ by heat+4 ,if ! solution is completely evaporat$1 z ( c\rse happ5s :5 ! adhesive is all[$ to dry aft] use1 x leaves a firmly hold+ mass :i* is insoluble 9 cold wat]4 ,among ! uses to :i* ! prep>ation c be appli$ are ! dress+ ( textile fabrics & pap] siz+1 & ! production ( photographic pap]s1 z well z ! ord9>y uses ( an adhesive4 ,/rongly ,adhesive ,pa/e4--,f\r p>ts glue are soak$ a few h\rs 9 #ae p>ts cold wat]1 & mod]ately heat$ till ! solution becomes p]fectly cle>1 :5 #fe p>ts boil+ wat] are add$1 :ile /irr+4 ,9 ano!r vessel #cj p>ts boil$ />* are previ\sly /irr$ toge!r ) #bj p>ts cold wat]1 s t a ?91 milky liquid )\t lumps results4 ,! boil+ glue solution is p\r$ into ?is :ile /irr+ con/antly1 & ! :ole is kept boil+ ano!r #aj m9utes4 ,pa/e = ,tissue ,pap]4-- 7a7 ,pulv]iz$ gum arabic #b ounces ,:ite sug> #d dra*ms ,boil+ wat] #c fluid\nces #ch 7b7 ,common laundry />* #a #a_/b ounces ,cold wat] #c fluid\nces ,make into a batt] & p\r into ,boil+ wat] #cb fluid\nces ,mix 7a7 ) 7b71 & keep 9 a wide-m\!d bottle4 ,wat]pro( & ,acidpro( ,pa/es4-- ,i4--,*romic acid #b #a_/b p>ts ,/rong] ammonia #ae p>ts ,sulphuric acid #a_/b "p ,cuprammonium solution #cj p>ts ,f9e :ite pap] #d p>ts ,,ii4--,is+lass1 a suffici5t quantity ,acetic acid #a "p ,wat] #g p>ts ,dissolve suffici5t is+lass 9 ! mixture ( acetic acid & wat] to make a ?9 mucilage4 ,"o ( ! solutions is appli$ to ! surface ( "o %eet ( pap] & ! o!r to ! o!r %eet1 & !y are !n press$ toge!r4 ,,iii4--,a fair knott+ v>ni% free f surplus oil is by f> ! be/ adhesive = fix+ labels1 especially on metal surfaces4 ,x dries in/antly1 insur+ a spe$y job & imm$iate pack+1 if ne$ful1 )\t fe> ( d]angem5t4 ,x has great t5acity1 & is n only absolutely damp-pro( itself1 b is actually repell5t ( moi/ure1 to :i* all wat] pa/es are subject4 ,x co/s m1 b ! additional exp5se is (t5 inf9itesimal comp>$ ) ! pleasure ( a satisfactory result4 ,balkan ,pa/e4-- ,pale glue #d ounces ,:ite loaf sug> #b ounces ,p[d]$ />* #a ounce ,:ite dextr9e #a_/d p\nd ,pure glyc]9e #c ounces ,c>bolic acid #a_/d ounce ,boil+ wat] #cb ounces ,cut up ! glue & /eep x 9 #a_/b p9t boil+ wat]2 :5 s(t5$ melt 9 a saucepan2 add sug>1 />*1 & dextr9e1 & la/ly ! glyc]9e1 9 :i* c>bolic acid has be5 mix$2 add rema9d] ( wat]1 & boil until x ?ick5s4 ,p\r into j>s or bottles4 ,p]man5t ,pa/e4-- ,i4--,:eat fl\r #a p\nd ,wat]1 cold #a qu>t ,nitric acid #d fluidra*ms ,boric acid #dj gra9s ,oil ( cloves #bj m9ims ,mix ! fl\r1 boric acid1 & wat]1 !n /ra9 ! mixture2 add ! nitric acid1 apply heat ) con/ant /irr+ until ! mixture ?ick5s2 :5 ne>ly cold add ! oil ( cloves4 ,?is pa/e w h a pleasant smell1 w n attract flies1 & c be ?9n$ by ! addition ( cold wat] z ne$$4 ,,ii4--,dissolve #d ounces alum 9 #d qu>ts hot wat]4 ,:5 cool add z mu* fl\r z w make x ( ! usual consi/5cy2 !n /ir into x #a_/b ounce p[d]$ ros92 next add a little wat] 9 :i* a doz5 cloves h be5 /eep$2 !n boil x until ?ick z mu%1 /irr+ f ! bottom all ! "t4 ,?9 ) w>m wat] = use4 ,pres]vatives = ,pa/e4--,v>i\s antiseptics are employ$ = ! pres]vation ( fl\r pa/e1 mucilage1 etc4 ,boric & salicylic acids1 oil ( cloves1 oil ( sassafras1 & solution ( =maldehyde are among ^? :i* h giv5 be/ s]vice4 ,a durable />* pa/e is produc$ by add+ "s borax to ! wat] us$ 9 mak+ x4 ,a pa/e f #aj p>ts 7weight7 />* to #ajj p>ts 7weight7 wat] ) #a p] c5t borax add$ w keep _m weeks1 :ile )\t ?is addition x w s\r aft] six days4 ,9 ! case ( a glu+ mat]ial prep>$ f />* pa/e & jo9]s' glue1 borax has also demon/rat$ its pres]v+ qualities4 ,! solution is made by mix+ #aj p>ts 7weight7 />* into a pa/e ) wat] & add+ #aj p>ts 7weight7 glue soak$ 9 wat] to ! hot solution2 ! addition ( #a_/aj "p 7weight7 ( borax to ! solution w cause x to keep = weeks4 ,x is equal to ! be/ glue1 b %\ld be w>m$ & /irr$ be=e use4 ,bo>d-,siz+4--,a *eap siz+ = r\gh1 wea!r-beat5 bo>ds may be made by dissolv+ %ellac 9 sal soda & add+ "s heavy-bodi$ pigm5t4 ,?is size w /ick to grease spots4 ,l9se$ oil may be add$ if desir$4 ,limewat] & l9se$ oil make a good heavy siz+1 b h>d to spread4 ,!y are usually us$ half & half1 ?\gh ^! proportions may be v>i$ some:at4 ,rice ,pa/e4--,mix ! rice fl\r ) cold wat]1 & boil x ov] a g5tle fire until x ?ick5s4 ,?is pa/e is q :ite & becomes transp>5t on dry+4 ,x is v adh]5t & ( great use = _m purposes4 ,case9 ,pa/e4--,a solution ( tann91 prep>$ f a b>k or f comm]cial tann91 is precipitat$ ) limewat]1 ! lime be+ add$ until ! solution j turns r$ litmus pap] blue4 ,! sup]natant liquid is !n decant$1 #ci & ! precipitate is dri$ )\t artificial heat4 ,! result+ calcium tannate is !n mix$1 accord+ to ! purpose = :i* ! adhesive is int5d$1 ) f #a to #aj times its weight ( dry case9 by gr9d+ 9 a mill4 ,! adhesive comp\nd is soluble 9 wat]1 petroleum1 oils1 & c>bon bisulphide4 ,x is v /rong1 & is appli$ 9 ! =m ( a pa/e ) wat]4 ,,pa/es ,,= ,,pap]hang]s4 ,i4--,use a *eap grade ( rye or :eat fl\r1 mix ?or\ghly ) cold wat] to ab\t ! consi/5cy ( d\gh1 or a little ?9n]1 be+ c>eful to remove all lumps2 /ir 9 a tablespoonful ( p[d]$ alum to a qu>t ( fl\r1 !n p\r 9 boil+ wat]1 /irr+ rapidly until ! fl\r is ?or\ghly cook$4 ,let ?is cool be=e us+1 & ?9 ) cold wat]4 ,,ii4--,v5etian ,pa/e4-- 7a7 #d ounces :ite or fi% glue #h fluid\nces cold wat] 7b7 #b fluid\nces ,v5ice turp5t9e 7c7 #a p\nd rye fl\r #af fluid\nces 7#a p9t7 cold wat] 7d7 #fd fluid\nces 7#a_/b gallon7 boil+ wat] ,soak ! #d ounces ( glue 9 ! cold wat] = #d h\rs2 dissolve on a wat] ba? 7glue pot71 & :ile hot /ir 9 ! ,v5ice turp5t9e4 ,make up 7c7 into a batt] free f lumps & p\r into 7d74 ,/ir briskly1 & f9ally add ! glue solution4 ,?is makes a v /rong pa/e1 & x w adh]e to a pa9t$ surface1 ow+ to ! ,v5ice turp5t9e 9 its composition4 ,,iii4--,/rong ,adhesive ,pa/e4-- 7a7 #d p\nds rye fl\r #a_/b gallon cold wat] 7b7 #a #a_/b gallons boil+ wat] 7c7 #b ounces pulv]iz$ ros9 ,make 7a7 into a batt] free f lumps2 !n p\r into 7b74 ,boil if necess>y1 & :ile hot /ir 9 ! pulv]iz$ ros9 a little at a "t4 ,?is pa/e is exce$+ly /rong1 & w /ick heavy wall pap] or ?9 lea!r4 ,if ! pa/e be too ?ick1 ?9 ) a little hot wat]2 nev] ?9 pa/e ) cold wat]4 ,,iv4--,fl\r ,pa/e4-- 7a7 #b p\nds :eat fl\r #cb fluid\nces 7#a qu>t7 cold wat] 7b7 #a ounce alum #d fluid\nces hot wat] 7c7 #if fluid\nces 7#a_/b gallon7 boil+ wat] ,"w ! :eat fl\r into a batt] free f lumps ) ! cold wat]4 ,dissolve ! alum z designat$ 9 7b74 ,n[ /ir 9 7a7 & 7c7 &1 if necess>y1 cont9ue boil+ until ! pa/e ?ick5s into a semitransp>5t mucilage1 aft] :i* /ir 9 solution 7b74 ,! above makes a v f9e pa/e = wall pap]4 ,v4--,ela/ic or ,pliable ,pa/e4-- 7a7 #d ounces common />* #b ounces :ite dextr9e #aj fluid\nces cold wat] 7b7 #a ounce borax #c fluid\nces glyc]9e #fd fluid\nces 7#a_/b gallon7 boil+ wat] ,beat to a batt] ! +r$i5ts ( 7a74 ,dissolve ! borax 9 ! boil+ wat]2 !n add ! glyc]9e1 aft] :i* p\r 7a7 into solution 7b74 ,/ir until x becomes transluc5t4 ,?is pa/e w n crack1 &1 be+ v pliable1 is us$ = pap]1 clo?1 lea!r1 & o!r mat]ial :]e flexibility is requir$4 ,,vi4--,a pa/e ) :i* wall pap] c be atta*$ to wood or masonry1 adh]+ to x firmly 9 spite ( dampness1 is prep>$1 z usual1 ( rye fl\r1 to :i*1 h[ev]1 are add$1 aft] ! boil+1 #h #a_/c p>ts1 by weight1 ( good l9se$-oil v>ni% & #h #a_/c p>ts1 by weight1 ( turp5t9e to e #ejj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,vii4--,pa/e = ,wall ,pap]4--,soak #ah p\nds ( bolus 7bole7 9 wat]1 aft] x has be5 beat5 into small fragm5ts1 & p\r (f ! sup]natant wat]4 ,boil #aj ounces ( glue into glue wat]1 mix x well ) ! s(t5$ bolus & #b p\nds pla/] ( ,p>is & /ra9 ?r\gh a sieve by means ( a bru%4 ,?9 ! mass ) wat] to ! consi/5cy ( a ?9 pa/e4 ,! pa/e is n[ ready = use4 ,x is n only mu* *eap] ?an o!r v>ieties1 b has ! advantage ov] !m ( adh]+ bett] to :itewa%$ walls1 & especially su* z h be5 repeat$ly coat$ ov] ! old coat+s :i* 7 n ?or\ghly remov$4 ,= hang+ f9e wall pap] ?is pa/e is less comm5dable1 z x =ms a :ite color1 ) :i* ! pap] might easily become soil$ if great c>e is n ex]cis$ 9 apply+ x4 ,if ! f9e wall pap] is m\nt$ on gr\nd pap]1 h[ev]1 x c be recomm5d$ = pa/+ ! gr\nd pap] on ! wall4 ,,label ,,pa/es3 ,pa/es to ,affix ,labels to ,t94--,labels sep>ate f t9 because ! pa/e becomes too dry4 ,"s moi/ure is presumably always pres5t2 b m is requir$ to cause cont9u$ adhesion 9 ! case ( t9 ?an :]e ! conta9] is ( #dj glass4 ,pa/e may be kept moi/ by ! addition ( calcium *loride1 :i* is /rongly hygroscopic1 or ( glyc]9e4 ,! foll[+ =mulas = pa/es ( ! type indicat$ 7 propos$ by ,leo ,eliel3 ,i4--,tragacan? #a ounce ,acacia #d ounces ,?ymol #ad gra9s ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,wat]1 suffici5t to make #b p9ts ,dissolve ! gums 9 #a p9t ( wat]1 /ra91 & add ! glyc]9e1 9 :i* ! ?ymol is susp5d$2 %ake well & add suffici5t wat] to make #b p9ts4 ,?is sep>ates on /&+1 b a s+le %ake mixes x suffici5tly = use4 ,,ii4--,rye fl\r #h ounces ,p[d]$ acacia #a ounce ,glyc]9e #b ounces ,oil ( cloves #dj drops ,rub ! rye fl\r & acacia to a smoo? pa/e ) #h ounces ( cold wat]2 /ra9 ?r\gh *eese clo?1 & p\r into #a p9t ( boil+ wat]1 & cont9ue ! heat until z ?ick z desir$4 ,:5 ne>ly cold add ! glyc]9e & oil ( cloves4 ,,iii4--,rye fl\r #e p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #a "p ,liquid glue1 a suffici5t quantity ,rub up ! fl\r ) ! turp5t9e & !n add suffici5t fre%ly prep>$ glue 7glue or gelat9e dissolv$ 9 wat]7 to make a /iff pa/e4 ,?is pa/e dries sl[ly4 ,,iv4--,dextr9e #b p>ts ,acetic acid #a "p ,wat] #e p>ts ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t4 #a "p ,dissolve ! dextr9e & acetic acid 9 wat] by heat+ toge!r 9 ! wat] ba?1 & to ! solution add ! alcohol4 ,v4--,dextr9e #c p\nds ,borax #b ounces ,glucose #e dra*ms ,wat] #c p9ts #b ounces ,dissolve ! borax 9 ! wat] by w>m+1 !n add ! dextr9e & glucose1 & cont9ue to heat g5tly until dissolv$4 ,ano!r v>iety is made by dissolv+ a *eap ,ghatti gum 9 limewat]1 b x keeps badly4 ,,vi4--,add t>t>ic acid to ?ick fl\r pa/e4 ,! pa/e is to be boil$ until q ?ick1 & ! acid1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 a little wat]1 is add$1 ! proportion be+ ab\t #b ounces to ! p9t ( pa/e4 ,,vii4--,gum arabic1 #ej p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #aj p>ts2 wat]1 #cj p>ts2 liq4 ,/ibii *lorat41 #b p>ts4 ,,viii4--,boil rye fl\r & /rong glue wat] into a mass to :i* are add$1 = #a1jjj p>ts1 good l9se$-oil v>ni% #cj p>ts & oil ( turp5t9e #cj p>ts4 ,?is mixture furni%es a glu+ ag5t :i*1 x is claim$1 ev5 r5d]s ! labels pro( aga9/ be+ loos5$ by moi/ure4 ,,ix4--,p\r #adj p>ts ( di/ill$ cold wat] ov] #ajj p>ts ( gum arabic 9 a wide-neck$ bottle & dissolve by frequ5t %ak+4 ,to ! solution1 :i* is ready aft] /&+ = ab\t #c days1 add #aj p>ts ( glyc]9e2 lat]1 #bj p>ts ( dilut$ acetic acid1 & f9ally #f p>ts ( alum9um sulphate1 !n /ra9+ x ?r\gh a f9e-hair sieve4 ,x4--,good glue is said to be obta9$ by dissolv+ #a "p ( p[d]$ sug> 9 #d p>ts ( soda wat] glass4 ,,xi4--,a glue = bottle labels is prep>$ by dissolv+ borax 9 wat]2 soak glue 9 ?is solution & dissolve ! glue by boil+4 ,c>efully drop z mu* acetic acid into ! solution z w all[ x to rema9 ?9 on cool+4 ,labels affix$ ) ?is ag5t adh]e firmly & d n become moldy 9 damp cell>s4 ,,xii4--,dissolve "s is+lass 9 acetic acid & bru% ! labels ov] ) x4 ,!re w be no cause to compla9 ( _! com+ (f1 nor ( /rik+ ?r\gh ! pap]4 ,take a wide-m\!d bottle1 fill ab\t two-?irds ) comm]cial acetic acid1 & put 9 z mu* is+lass z ! liquid w hold1 & set aside 9 a w>m place until completely dissolv$4 ,:5 cold x %\ld =m a jelly4 ,to use x place ! bottle 9 hot wat]4 ,! cork %\ld be well-fitt+ & sme>$ ) vasel9e or melt$ p>aff9e4 ,h[ to ,pa/e ,labels on ,t94--,bru% ov] ! entire back ( ! label ) a fl\r pa/e1 fold ! label loosely by /ick+ bo? ends toge!r )\t creas+ ! c5t]1 & ?r[ to "o side until ?is process has be5 gone ?r\gh ) ! :ole lot4 ,!n unfold ea* label & place x on ! c 9 ! regul> mann]4 ,! pa/e ought n to be ?ick] ?an maple syrup4 ,:5 ( ?is consi/5cy x soaks ?r\gh ! label & makes x pliable & 9 a condition to be easily rubb$ into position4 ,if ! pa/e is too ?ick x dries quickly1 & does n soak ?r\gh ! label suffici5tly4 ,aft] ! labels h be5 plac$ ^u ! cans ! latt] mu/ be #da kept ap>t until dry4 ,9 putt+ ! pa/e ^u ! labels 9 ! fir/ place1 foll[ ! me?od ( plac+ ! dry labels ov] "o ano!r1 back sides up1 ) ! edge ( ea* j protrud+ ov] ! edge ( ! "o b5ea? x1 s t ! f+]s may easily grasp ! label aft] ! pa/+ has be5 done4 ,druggi/s' ,label ,pa/e4--,?is pa/e1 :5 c>efully made1 is an admirable "o = label use1 & a v little w g a long way3 ,:eat fl\r #d ounces ,nitric acid #a dra*m ,boric acid #aj gra9s ,oil ( cloves #e drops ,c>bolic acid #a_/b dra*m ,/ir fl\r & wat] toge!r1 mix+ ?or\ghly1 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,aft] ! /uff is well mix$1 heat x1 wat*+ v c>efully & remov+ ! in/ant x /iff5s4 ,to ,atta* ,glass ,labels to ,bottles4--,melt toge!r #a "p ( ros9 & #b p>ts ( yell[ wax1 & use :ile w>m4 ,photographic ,m\ntants 7see also ,photography74--,ow+ to ! nature ( ! diff]5t pap]s us$ = pr9t+ photographs1 x is a matt] ( extreme importance to use a m\ntant t %all n set up decomposition 9 ! coat+ ( ! pr9t4 ,= example1 a m\ntant t exhibits acidity or alkal9ity is injuri\s ) mo/ v>ieties ( pap]2 & 9 photography ! foll[+ =mulas = pa/es1 mucilages1 etc41 h !re=e be5 select$ ) reg>d to _! absolute immunity f sett+ up decomposition 9 ! pr9t or *ang+ its tone 9 any way4 ,"o ( ! usual m\ntants is rice />* or else rice wat]4 ,! latt] is boil$ to a ?ick jelly1 /ra9$1 & ! /ra9$ mass us$ z an agglut9ant = atta*+ photographic pr9ts to ! m\nts4 ,!re is no?+ ( an injuri\s nature :atev] 9 ?is m\ntant1 nei!r is !re 9 a mucilage made ) gum dragon4 ,?is gum 7also call$ gum tragacan?7 is usually 9 ! =m ( curls 7i4e41 leaf gum71 :i* take a long "t to prop]ly dissolve 9 wat]--sev]al weeks1 9 fact--b dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s !re has be5 put on ! m>ket a p[d]$ gum dragon :i* does n occupy s _m days 9 dissolv+4 ,to make a mucilage f gum dragon a v l>ge volume ( wat] is requir$4 ,= example1 #a ounce ( ! gum1 ei!r leaf or p[d]1 w swell up & conv]t #a gallon ( wat] into a ?icki% mucilage 9 ! c\rse ( #b or #c weeks4 ,only cold wat] mu/ be us$1 & be=e us+ ! mucilage1 all :iti% lumps 7:i* are p>ticles ( undissolv$ gum7 %\ld be pick$ out or else ! mucilage /ra9$4 ,! "t ( solution c be consid]ably %ort5$ 7to a few h\rs7 by acidify+ ! wat] 9 :i* ! gum is plac$ ) a little sulphuric or oxalic acid2 b z ! resultant mucilage w\ld conta9 traces ( _! pres5ce1 su* acids are n p]missible :5 ! gum-dragon mucilage is to be us$ = m\nt+ photographs4 ,glyc]9e & gum arabic make a v good adhesive ( a fluid nature suit$ to m\nt+ photographs2 & al?\gh glyc]9e is hygroscopic by itself1 su* t5d5cy to absorb moi/ure is *eck$ by ! rev]se nature ( ! gum arabic2 consequ5tly an ideal fluid mucilage is produc$4 ,! proportions ( ! sev]al +r$i5ts are ^!3 ,gum arabic1 g5u9e 7gum acacia1 n ,bassora gum7 #d ounces ,boil+ wat] #ab ounces ,glyc]9e1 pure #a ounce ,fir/ dissolve ! gum 9 ! wat]1 & !n /ir 9 ! glyc]9e1 & all[ all dbris f ! gum to deposit be=e us+4 ,! foll[+ adhesive comp\nd is also "o t is free f *emical reactions1 & is suit$ = photographic purposes3 ,wat] #b p9ts ,gum dragon1 p[d]$ #a ounce ,gum arabic1 g5u9e #d ounces ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,mix ! gum arabic ) half ! wat]1 & 9 ! rema9d] ( ! wat] dissolve ! gum dragon4 ,:5 bo? solids are dissolv$1 mix !m toge!r1 & !n /ir 9 ! glyc]9e4 ,! foll[+ pa/e w be f\nd a useful m\ntant3 ,gum arabic1 g5u9e #a ounce ,rice />* #a ounce ,:ite sug> #d ounces ,wat]1 q4 s4 ,dissolve ! gum 9 j suffici5t wat] to completely dissolve x1 !n add ! sug>1 & :5 t has completely dissolv$ /ir 9 ! />* pa/e1 & !n boil ! mixture until ! />* is prop]ly cook$4 ,a v /rong1 /iff pa/e = fa/5+ c>dbo>d m\nts to frames1 wood1 & o!r mat]ials is prep>$ by mak+ a b[l ( />* pa/e 9 ! usual way1 & !n add+ #a ounce ( ,v5ice turp5t9e p] p\nd ( pa/e1 & #db boil+ & /irr+ ! mixture until ! ?ick turp5t9e has become well incorporat$4 ,v5ice turp5t9e /irr$ into fl\r pa/e & boil$ w also be f\nd a v adhesive cem5t = fa/5+ c>dbo>d1 /rawbo>d1 lea!rette1 & skiv] lea!r to wood or metal2 b ow+ to ! res9\s nature ( ! ,v5ice turp5t9e1 su* pa/es are n suitable = m\nt+ photographic pr9ts4 ,! foll[+ half-doz5 comp\nds are suitable m\ntants to use ) silv] pr9ts3 ,alcohol1 absolute #aj ounces ,gelat9e1 good #a ounce ,glyc]9e #a_/b to #a ounce ,soak ! gelat9e 9 wat] = an h\r or two until x is completely s(t5$2 take ! gelat9e out ( ! wat]1 & all[ x to dra91 & put x into a bottle & p\r alcohol ov] x2 add ! glyc]9e 7if ! gelat9e is s(t1 use only #a_/b ounce2 if ! gelat9e is h>d1 use #a ounce ( ! glyc]9e71 !n melt ! gelat9e by /&+ ! bottle 9 a vessel ( hot wat]1 & %ake up v well4 ,= use1 remelt by heat4 ,! alcohol prev5ts ! pr9ts f /ret*+ or cockl+1 z !y are apt to1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! gelat9e4 ,9 ! foll[+ comp\nd1 h[ev]1 only suffici5t alcohol is us$ to s]ve z an antiseptic1 & prev5t ! agglut9ant f decompos+3 ,dissolve #d ounces ( photographic gelat9e 9 #af ounces ( wat] 7fir/ soak+ ! gelat9e !re9 = an h\r or two until x is completely s(t5$71 !n remove ! gelat9e f ! wat]1 all[ x to dra91 & put x into ! bottle1 & p\r ! alcohol ov] x1 & put 9 ! glyc]9e 7if ! gelat9e is s(t1 use only #a_/b ounce2 if ! gelat9e is h>d1 use #a ounce ( ! glyc]9e71 !n melt ! gelat9e by /&+ ! bottle 9 a vessel ( hot wat]1 & %ake up well & mix ?or\ghly4 ,= use1 remelt by heat4 ,! alcohol prev5ts ! pr9t f /ret*+ or cockl+ up "u ! influ5ce ( ! gelat9e4 ,! foll[+ pa/e agglut9ant is "o t is v p]man5t & useful = all purposes requir$ 9 a photographic /udio3 ,take #e p9ts ( wat]1 #aj ounces ( arr[root1 #a ounce ( gelat9e1 & a #a_/b p9t 7#aj fluid\nces7 ( alcohol1 & proce$ to comb9e !m z foll[s3 ,make arr[root into a ?ick cream ) a little ( ! wat]1 & 9 ! rema9d] ( ! wat] soak ! gelat9e = a few h\rs1 aft] :i* melt ! gelat9e 9 ! wat] by heat+ x1 add ! arr[root pa/e1 & br+ ! mixture to ! boil & all[ to boil = #d or #e m9utes1 !n all[ to cool1 & mix 9 ! alcohol1 add+ a few drops ( oil ( cloves4 ,p]haps "o ( ! mo/ useful comp\nds = photographic purposes is t prep>$ z foll[s3 ,soak #d ounces ( h>d gelat9e 9 #ae ounces ( wat] = a few h\rs1 !n melt ! gelat9e by heat+ x 9 a glue pot until ! solution is q cle> & free f lumps1 /ir 9 #fe fluid\nces ( cold wat] s t x is free f lumps1 & p\r 9 ! boil+-hot solution ( gelat9e & cont9ue /irr+1 & if ! />* is n completely cook$1 boil up ! mixture = a few m9utes until x 8bl[s10 be+ c>eful to keep x well /irr$ s z n to burn2 :5 cold add a few drops ( c>bolic acid or "s ess5tial oil z an antiseptic to prev5t ! comp\nd f decompos+ or becom+ s\r4 ,a useful photographic mucilage1 :i* is v liquid1 is obta9$ by mix+ equal bulks ( gum-arabic & gum-dragon mucilages ( ! same consi/5ce4 ,! mixture ( ^! mucilages w be consid]ably ?9n] ?an ei!r ( !m :5 alone4 ,z an agglut9ant = g5]al use 9 ! /udio1 ! foll[+ is recomm5d$3 ,dissolve #b ounces ( gum arabic 9 #e ounces ( wat]1 & = e #bej p>ts ( ! mucilage add #bj p>ts ( a solution ( sulphate ( alum9um1 prep>$ by dissolv+ #a "p ( ! sulphate 9 #bj p>ts ( wat] 7common alum %\ld n be us$1 only ! pure alum9um sulphate1 because common alum is a mixture ( sulphates1 & usually contam9at$ ) iron salts74 ,! addition ( ! sulphate solution to ! gum mucilage r5d]s ! latt] less hygroscopic1 & practically wat]pro(1 besides be+ v adhesive to any mat]ials1 p>ticul>ly ^? exhibit+ a smoo? surface4 ,,mucilages3 ,= ,affix+ ,labels to ,glass & ,o!r ,objects4--,i4--,! mucilage is made by simply p\r+ ov] ! gum en\gh wat] to a little m ?an cov] x1 & !n1 z ! gum swells1 add+ m wat] f "t to "t 9 small portions1 until ! mucilage is br\ght to su* consi/5cy t x may be easily spread ) ! bru%4 ,! mucilage keeps fairly well )\t ! addition ( any antiseptic4 ,,ii4--,tragacan? #a ounce ,acacia #d ounces ,?ymol #ad gra9s ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,wat]1 suffici5t to make #b p9ts #dc ,dissolve ! gums 9 #a p9t ( wat]1 /ra9 & add ! glyc]9e1 9 :i* ! ?ymol is susp5d$2 %ake well & add suffici5t wat] to make #b p9ts4 ,?is sep>ates on /&+1 b a s+le %ake mixes x suffici5tly = use4 ,,iii4--,rye fl\r #h ounces ,p[d]$ acacia #a ounce ,glyc]9e #b ounces ,oil ( cloves #dj drops ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,rub ! rye fl\r & ! acacia to a smoo? pa/e ) #h ounces ( cold wat]2 /ra9 ?r\gh *eese clo?1 & p\r into #a p9t ( boil+ wat] & cont9ue ! heat until z ?ick z desir$4 ,:5 ne>ly cold add ! glyc]9e & oil ( cloves4 ,,iv4--,"o "p1 by weight1 ( tragacan?1 :5 mix$ ) #ie-p]-c5t alcohol to =m #d fluid\nces1 =ms a liquid 9 :i* a portion ( ! tragacan? is dissolv$ & ! rema9d] susp5d$2 ?is rema9s p]man5tly fluid1 nev] det]iorates1 & c be us$ 9 place ( ! pres5t mucilage2 #d to #h m9ims to ea* ounce ( mixture is suffici5t to susp5d any ( ! insoluble sub/ances usually giv5 9 mixtures4 ,v4--,to #bej p>ts ( gum-arabic mucilage add #bj p>ts ( wat] & #b p>ts ( sulphate ( alum9a & heat until dissolv$4 ,,vi4--,dissolve #a_/b p\nd gum tragacan?1 p[d]$1 #a_/d p\nd gum arabic1 p[d]$1 cold wat] to ! desir$ consi/5cy1 & add #dj drops c>bolic acid4 ,mucilage ( ,acacia4--,put ! gum1 :i* %\ld be ( ! be/ k9d1 9 a flask ! size ( :i* %\ld be l>ge en\gh to conta9 ! mucilage ) ab\t "o-fif? ( its space to sp>e 7i4 e41 ! product %\ld fill x ab\t f\r-fif?s full74 ,n[ t>e1 & wa% ! gum ) di/ill$ wat]1 lett+ ! latt] dra9 away z mu* z possible be=e proce$+ fur!r4 ,add ! requisite quantity ( di/ill$ wat] sl[ly1 :i*1 h[ev]1 %\ld fir/ h add$ to x ab\t #aj p] c5t ( limewat]4 ,n[ cork ! flask1 & lay x1 )\t %ak+1 horizontally 9 a cool place & let x rema9 quietly = ab\t #c h\rs1 !n give x a half turn to ! "r )\t di/urb+ its horizontal position4 ,repeat ?is op]ation ?ree or f\r times dur+ ! day1 & keep x up until ! gum is completely dissolv$ 7:i* w n be until ! f\r? day probably71 !n /ra9 ?r\gh a ?9 clo? previ\sly wet ) di/ill$ wat]1 avoid+1 9 s do+1 ! =mation ( foam or bubbles4 ,?is precaution %\ld also be obs]v$ 9 decantation ( ! p]colate into small] bottles provid$ ) p>aff9e corks4 ,! small am\nt ( limewat]1 z w be und]/ood1 is add$ to ! solv5t wat] 9 ord] to prev5t ! action ( free acid4 ,comm]cial ,mucilage4--,dissolve #a_/b p\nd :ite glue 9 equal p>ts wat] & /rong v9eg>1 & add #a_/d z mu* alcohol & #a_/b ounce alum dissolv$ 9 a little wat]4 ,to proce$1 fir/ get good glue & soak 9 cold wat] until x swells & s(t5s4 ,use pale v9eg>4 ,p\r (f ! cold wat]1 !n melt ! glue to a ?ick pa/e 9 hot wat]1 & add ! v9eg> hot4 ,:5 a little cool add ! alcohol & alum wat]4 ,to ,r5d] ,gum ,arabic ,m ,adhesive4--,i4--,add cry/alliz$ alum9um sulphate 9 ! proportion ( #b dissolv$ 9 #bj p>ts ( wat] to #bej p>ts ( conc5trat$ gum solution 7#ge p>ts ( gum 9 #age p>ts ( wat]74 ,,ii4--,add to #bej p>ts ( conc5trat$ gum solution 7#b p>ts ( gum 9 #e p>ts ( wat]7 #b p>ts ( cry/alliz$ alum9um sulphate dissolv$ 9 #bj p>ts ( wat]4 ,?is mixture glues ev5 unsiz$ pap]1 pa/ebo>d on pa/ebo>d1 wood on wood1 glass1 porcela91 & o!r sub/ances on :i* labels frequ5tly d n adh]e well4 ,envelope ,gum4--,! gum us$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t on po/age /amps is probably "o ( ! be/ t c\ld be us$ n only = envelopes b = labels z well4 ,x w /ick to almo/ any surface4 ,its composition is said to be ! foll[+3 ,gum arabic #a "p ,/>* #a "p ,sug> #d p>ts ,wat]1 suffici5t to give ! desir$ consi/5cy4 ,! gum arabic is fir/ dissolv$ 9 "s wat]1 ! sug> add$1 !n ! />*1 aft] :i* ! mixture is boil$ = a few m9utes 9 ord] to dissolve ! />*1 aft] :i* x is ?9n$ d[n to ! desir$ consi/5cy4 ,*eap] envelope gums c be made by sub/itut+ dextr9e = ! gum arabic1 glucose = ! sug>1 & add+ boric acid to pres]ve & help /iff5 x4 ,mucilage to ,make ,wood & ,pa/ebo>d ,adh]e to ,metals4--,dissolve #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( lead acetate toge!r ) #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( alum 9 a little wat]4 ,make a sep>ate solution ( #ge p>ts1 by weight1 ( gum arabic 9 #b1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]1 /ir 9 ?is #ejj #dd p>ts1 by weight1 ( fl\r1 & heat sl[ly to boil+1 /irr+ ! :ile4 ,let x cool some:at1 & mix ) x ! solution conta9+ ! lead acetate & alum1 /irr+ !m well toge!r4 ,pres]vation ( ,gum ,solution4--,put a small piece ( camphor 9 ! mucilage bottle4 ,camphor vapors are g5]at$ :i* kill all ! bact]ial g]ms t h ent]$ ! bottle4 ,! gum ma9ta9s its adhesiv5ess to ! la/ drop4 ,,adult]ants ,,9 ,,foods3 ,see ,foods4 ,,adurol ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,sco-,,qu99e3 ,see ,horse ,*e/nut4 ,,ag> ,,ag> ,,pa/e3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,agate1 ,,buttons ,,( ,,artificial4 ,prep>e a mixture or frit ( #cc p>ts ( qu>tz s&1 #fe p>ts calcium phosphate1 & #b p>ts ( pota%4 ,! frit1 :i* has be5 r$uc$ by heat to ! fus+ po9t1 is f9ely gr\nd1 intimately m+l$ ) a small quantity ( kaol9 & press$ 9 molds :i* yield button-%ap$ masses4 ,^! masses1 aft] hav+ be5 fir$1 are giv5 a transp>5t glaze by any ( ! well-kn[n processes4 ,,agate 7,,imitation73 ,see ,gems1 ,artificial4 ,,ag+ ,,( ,,silk3 ,see ,silk4 ,,ag+1 ,,silv] ,,& ,,gold3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,air ,,ba?4 ,?is air ba? is employ$ 9 cases 9 :i*1 ^u dry+ or heat+ sub/ances1 acid vapors arise because ! walls ( ! ba? are n attack$ by !m4 ,= ! production ( ! dry+ app>atus take a flask ) ! bottom bur/ (f or a bell j> tubulat$ above4 ,?is is plac$ ei!r ^u a s& ba? or ^u asbe/os pap]1 previ\sly laid ^u a piece ( %eet iron4 ,! s& ba? or ! %eet iron is put on a tripod1 s t x c be heat$ by means ( a burn] plac$ und]nea?4 ,! sub/ance to be dri$ is plac$ 9 a glass or porcela9 di%1 :i* is put "u ! bell j>1 & if desir$ ! dry+ di% may be hung on ! tripod4 ,= regulat+ ! temp]ature ! tubulure ( ! j> is clos$ ) a pi]c$ cork1 ?r\gh ^: ap]ture ! !rmomet] is ?ru/4 ,9 ord] to p]mit ! vapors to escape1 ! cork is groov$ l5g?wise along ! p]iph]y4 ,,air ,,bubbles ,,9 ,,gelat9e3 ,see ,gelat9e4 ,,air1 ,,exclusion ,,(1 ,,f ,,solutions3 ,see ,photography4 ,,air-,,purify+4 ,ozonat9e is a fragrant air-purify+ prep>ation consi/+ ( dextrogyrate turp5t9e oil sc5t$ ) slight quantities ( fragrant oils4 ,,alaba/] ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,albata ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,album5 ,,9 ,,ur9e1 ,,detection ,,(4 ,pate9 7,ph>m4 ,zeit47 recomm5ds ! foll[+ te/ = album5 9 ur9e3 ,dissolve #bej grams ( citric acid 9 a suffici5t quantity ( wat]1 add en\gh ammonia to neutralize1 !n #ej grams ( alcohol1 & f9ally en\gh wat] to make #a lit]4 ,to ! acid 7or acidulat$7 ur9e1 "o-t5? its volume ( ! ammonium-citrate solution made z above is add$1 & ! :ole heat$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! appe>ance ( ! fa9te/ turbidity is said to indicate ) positive c]ta9ty ! pres5ce ( album54 ,,album5 ,,pap]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,album5 ,,pa/e3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,alcohol ,aft] ! manuscript ( ?is book 0 ready = ! press1 ,congress pass$ ! bill :i* has s9ce become a law1 :]eby ! prohibitive tax on indu/rial or d5atur$ alcohol is remov$4 ,s important is ?is legislative measure t ! ,editor has deem$ x wise to ins]t an article on ! s\rces ( alcohol & ! manufacture ( alcohol f f>m products4 ,because ! fir/ portion ( ! book 0 9 type :5 ?is /ep 0 decid$ ^u1 ! ,editor 0 compell$ to relegate to a lat] page a monograph :i* %\ld prop]ly h appe>$ "h4 ,! read] w f9d ! matt] on alcohol ref]r$ to "u ! head+ #de 8,_s02 likewise me?ods ( d5atur+ & a li/ ( d5aturants4 ,,alcohol1 ,,dilution ,,(3 ,see ,tables4 ,alcohol1 ,te/s = ,absolute4--,! committee = ! compilation ( ! ,g]man ,arzneibu* e/abli%$ ! foll[+ te/s = ! det]m9ation ( absolute alcohol3 ,absolute alcohol is a cle>1 colorless1 volatile1 readily imflammable liquid :i* burns ) a fa9tly lum9\s flame4 ,absolute alcohol has a peculi> odor1 a burn+ ta/e1 & does n affect litmus pap]4 ,boil+ po9t1 #gh4ej4 ,specific gravity1 #j4gie to #j4gig4 ,"o hundr$ p>ts conta9 #ii4g to #ii4d p>ts1 by volume1 or #ii4f to #ii4j p>ts1 by weight1 ( alcohol4 ,absolute alcohol %\ld h no =eign smell & %\ld mix ) wat] )\t cl\d9ess4 ,aft] ! admixture ( #e drops ( silv]-nitrate solution1 #aj cubic c5timet]s ( absolute alcohol %\ld n become turbid or color$ ev5 on heat+4 ,a mixture ( #aj cubic c5timet]s ( absolute alcohol & #j4b cubic c5timet] ( pota% lye evaporat$ d[n to #a cubic c5timet] %\ld n exhibit an odor ( fusel oil aft] sup]saturation ) dilute sulphuric acid4 ,five cubic c5timet]s ( sulphuric acid1 c>efully cov]$1 9 a te/ tube1 ) a /ratum ( #e cubic c5timet]s ( absolute alcohol1 %\ld n =m a rose-color$ zone at ! surface ( contact1 ev5 on /&+ = "s "t4 ,! r$ color ( a mixture ( #aj cubic c5timet]s ( absolute alcohol & #a cubic c5timet] ( potassium-p]manganate solution %\ld n pass into yell[ be=e #bj m9utes4 ,absolute alcohol %\ld n be dy$ by hydrog5 sulphide wat] or by aque\s ammonia4 ,five cubic c5timet]s ( absolute alcohol %\ld n leave beh9d a weighable residue aft] evaporation on wat] ba?4 ,absolute ,alcohol4--,if gelat9e be susp5d$ 9 ord9>y alcohol x w absorb ! wat]1 b z x is insoluble 9 alcohol1 t sub/ance w rema9 beh9d1 & ?us ne>ly absolute alcohol w be obta9$ )\t di/illation4 ,p]fum$ ,d5aturiz$ ,alcohol4-- ,ea/ ,india lemon oil #a1bej p>ts ,mirbane oil #a1jjj p>ts ,cassia oil #ej p>ts ,clove oil #ge p>ts ,lemon oil #ajj p>ts ,amyl acetate #ejj p>ts ,_s 7#ie p] c5t7 #g1jjj p>ts ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! _s & add ! amyl acetate4 ,! mixture s]ves = de/roy+ ! bad odor ( d5aturiz$ _s 9 di/ill+4 ,use #ej p>ts ( ! p]fume p] #a1jjj p>ts ( _s4 ,solid ,alcohol4--,i4--,heat #a1jjj p>ts ( d5aturiz$ alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 9 a flask ( d\ble ! capacity on ! wat] ba? to ab\t #adj ,f41 & !n mix ) #bh to #cj p>ts ( well-dri$1 rasp$ ,v5etian soap & #b p>ts ( gum lac4 ,aft] repeat$ %ak+1 complete dissolution w take place4 ,! solution is put1 :ile /ill w>m1 into metallic vessels1 clos+ !m up at once & all[+ ! mixture to cool !re94 ,! admixture ( gum lac effects a bett] pres]vation & also prev5ts ! evaporation ( ! alcohol4 ,on light+ ! solid _s ! soap rema9s beh9d4 ,,ii4--,sm>agd9e is a trade "n = solidifi$ alcohol4 ,x consi/s ( alcohol & gun cotton1 color$ ) mala*ite gre54 ,x appe>s 9 ! m>ket 9 ! =m ( small cubes4 ,alcohol 9 ,f]m5t$ ,be]s4--,exp]i5ce has %[n t #a_/d p\nd ( sug> to #a gallon ( wat] yields ab\t #b p] c5t ( pro( _s1 or ab\t #a p] c5t ( absolute alcohol4 ,beyond ?is am\nt x is n safe to g1 if ! legal limit is to be obs]v$1 yet a g+] be] brew$ ) #a_/d p\nd p] gallon ( sug> w\ld be a v wi%y-wa%y comp\nd1 & !re is little d\bt t a mu* l>g] quantity is g5]ally us$4 ,! m sug> t is us$--up to #a #a_/b or #a #a_/d p\nds p] gallon--! bett] ! dr9k w be & ! m cu/om]s w reli% x2 b x w be z 8/rong0 z lag] & conta9 p]haps #e p] c5t ( alcohol1 :i* w make x any?+ b a 8temp]ance0 dr9k4 ,any mak] :o is us+ z mu* z ev5 #a_/b p\nd ( sug> p] gallon is b\nd to get m _s ?an ! law all[s4 ,mean:ile x is sc>cely accurate to t]m g+] be]s1 etc41 non-alcoholic4 ,alcohol ,deodoriz]4-- ,alcohol #afj ounces ,p[d]$ quicklime #cjj gra9s ,p[d]$ alum #aej gra9s ,_s ( nitr\s e!r #a #a_/d dra*ms ,mix ! lime & alum intimately by trituration2 add ! alcohol & %ake well2 !n add ! _s ( nitr\s e!r2 set aside = #g days & filt] ?r\gh animal *>coal4 ,d5aturiz$ ,alcohol4--,!re are two g5]al classes or degrees ( d5aturiz+1 viz41 ! 8complete0 & ! 8incomplete10 accord+ to ! purpose = #df :i* ! alcohol s d5aturiz$ is to be ultimately us$4 ,i4--,complete d5aturization by ! ,g]man sy/em is accompli%$ by ! addition to e #ajj lit]s 7equal to #bf #a_/b gallons7 ( spirits3 7a7 ,two & "o-half lit]s ( ! 8/&>d0 d5aturiz]1 made ( #d p>ts ( wood alcohol1 #a "p ( pyrid9e 7a nitrog5\s base obta9$ by di/ill+ bone oil or coal t>71 ) ! addition ( #ej grams to ea* lit] ( oil ( lav5d] or rosem>y4 7b7 ,"o & "o-f\r? lit]s ( ! above 8/&>d0 & #b lit]s ( b5zol ) e #ajj lit]s ( alcohol4 ,,ii4--,incomplete d5aturization--i4 e41 suffici5t to prev5t alcohol f be+ drunk1 b n to disqualify x f use = v>i\s special purposes1 = :i* ! :olly d5aturiz$ spirits w\ld be unavailable--is accompli%$ by sev]al me?ods z foll[s1 ! quantity & nature ( ea* sub/ance giv5 be+ ! prescrib$ dose = ea* #ajj lit]s 7#bf #a_/b gallons7 ( spirits3 7c7 ,five lit]s ( wood alcohol or #a_/b lit] ( pyrid9e4 7d7 ,tw5ty lit]s ( solution ( %ellac1 conta9+ #a "p gum to #b p>ts alcohol ( #ij-p]-c5t purity4 ,alcohol = ! manufacture ( celluloid & pegamoid is d5aturiz$4 7e7 ,by ! addition ( #a kilogram ( camphor or #b lit]s oil ( turp5t9e or #a_/b lit] b5zol to ea* #ajj lit]s ( spirits4 ,alcohol to be us$ 9 ! manufacture ( e!rs1 aldehyde1 ag>ic91 :ite lead1 bromo-silv] gelat9es1 photographic pap]s & plates1 electrode plates1 collodion1 salicylic acid & salts1 anil9e *emi/ry1 & a great numb] ( o!r purposes1 is d5aturiz$ by ! addition (-- 7f7 ,t5 lit]s sulphuric e!r1 or #a "p ( b5zol1 or #a_/b "p oil ( turp5t9e1 or #j4jbe "p ( animal oil4 ,= ! manufacture ( v>ni%es & inks alcohol is d5aturiz$ by ! addition ( oil ( turp5t9e or animal oil1 & = ! production ( soda soaps by ! addition ( #a kilogram ( ca/or oil4 ,alcohol = ! production ( lanol9 is prep>$ by add+ #e lit]s ( b5z9e to ea* hectolit] ( spirits4 ,,ale4 ,! ale ( ! mod]n brew] is manufactur$ 9 sev]al v>ieties1 :i* are det]m9$ by ! wants ( ! consum] & ! p>ticul> m>ket = :i* x is int5d$4 ,?us1 ! f9] k9ds ( ,burton1 ,ea/ ,india1 ,bav>ian1 & o!r l ales1 hav+ und]gone a ?or\gh f]m5tation1 conta9 only a small quantity ( undecompos$ sug> & gum1 v>y+ f #a to #e p] c5t4 ,"s ( ^! are highly 8hopp$0 or 8bitt]$10 ! fur!r to promote _! pres]vation dur+ transit & *ange ( temp]ature4 ,mild or sweet ales1 on ! contr>y1 are less acc5tuat$ by l5g!n$ f]m5tation1 & ab\nd 9 sac*>9e & gummy matt]4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 m nutriti\s1 ?\gh less intoxicat+1 ?an ^? previ\sly ref]r$ to4 ,9 brew+ ! f9] k9ds ( ales1 pale malt & ! be/ hops ( ! curr5t season's gr[? are always employ$2 & :5 x is desir$ to produce a liquor possess+ little color1 v great att5tion is paid to _! selection4 ,) ! same object1 ! boil+ is conduct$ ) m ?an ! usual precautions1 & ! f]m5tation is c>ri$ on at a some:at l[] temp]ature ?an t commonly all[$ = o!r v>ieties ( be]4 ,= ord9>y ale1 int5d$ = imm$iate use1 ! malt may be all pale2 b1 if ! liquor be brew$ = keep+1 & 9 w>m wea!r1 :5 a slight color is n objectionable1 "o-fif?1 or ev5 "o-f\r? ( amb] malt may be advantage\sly employ$4 ,f #d #a_/b to #f p\nds ( hops is ! quantity commonly us$ to ! "o-f\r? ( malt1 = ord9>y ales2 & #g p\nds to #aj p\nds = 8keep+0 ales4 ,! proportions1 h[ev]1 mu/ greatly dep5d on ! int5d$ quality & description ( ! brew+ & ! p]iod t w be all[$ = its maturation4 ,! /rong] v>ieties ( ale usually conta9 f #f to #h p] c5t ( 8absolute alcohol02 ord9>y /rong ale1 #d #a_/b to #f p] c5t2 mild ale1 #c to #d p]c5t2 & table ale1 #a to #a #a_/b p] c5t 7ea* by volume72 toge!r ) "s undecompos$ sac*>9e1 gummy1 & extractive matt]1 ! bitt] & n>cotic pr9ciples ( ! hop1 "s acetic acid =m$ by ! oxidation ( ! alcohol1 & v small & v>iable quantities ( m9]al & sal9e matt]4 ,ord9>y ale-wort 7pref]ably pale71 suffici5t to produce #a b>rel1 is sl[ly boil$ ) ab\t #c h&fuls ( hops1 & #ab to #ad p\nds ( cru%$ groats1 until ! :ole ( ! soluble matt] ( ! latt] is extract$4 ,! result+ liquor1 aft] be+ run ?r\gh a co>se /ra9] & become lukew>m1 is f]m5t$ ) #b or #c p9ts ( yea/2 &1 z soon z ! f]m5tation is at its height1 is ei!r closely bung$ up = draft or is at once put into /rong /onew>e bottles1 :i* are !n well cork$ & wir$4 ,:ite ale is said to be v nutriti\s1 ?\gh apt to prove laxative to ^? #dg unaccu/om$ to its use4 ,x is drunk 9 a /ate ( eff]vesc5ce or lively f]m5tation2 ! glass or cup conta9+ x be+ kept 9 con/ant motion1 :5 remov$ f ! m\?1 until ! :ole is consum$1 9 ord] t ! ?ick] portion may n subside to ! bottom4 ,,ale1 ,,g+]3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,alf5ide ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,alkali1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,detect3 ,see ,soaps4 ,,alkaloids1 ,,antidotes ,,to3 ,see ,atrop9e4 ,alloys ,no g5]al rules c be giv5 = alloy+ metals4 ,alloys diff]+ greatly 9 fusibility are commonly made by add+ ! m fusible ones1 ei!r 9 ! melt$ /ate or 9 small portions at a "t1 to ! o!r melt$ or heat$ to ! l[e/ possible temp]ature at :i* a p]fect union w take place betwe5 !m4 ,! mixture is usually effect$ "u a flux1 or "s mat]ial t w promote liquefaction & prev5t volatilization & unnecess>y exposure to ! air4 ,?us1 9 melt+ lead & t9 toge!r = sold]1 ros9 or tall[ is ?r[n ^u ! surface is rubb$ ) sal ammoniac2 & 9 comb9+ "s metals1 p[d]$ *>coal is us$ = ! same purpose4 ,m]cury or quicksilv] comb9es ) _m metals 9 ! cold1 =m+ ,,amalgams1 or easily fusible alloys 7q4 v474 ,alloys g5]ally possess *>act]i/ics un%>$ by _! compon5t metals4 ,?us1 copp] & z9c =m brass1 :i* has a diff]5t d5sity1 h>dness1 & color f ei!r ( its con/itu5ts4 ,:e!r ! metals t5d to unite 9 atomic proportions or 9 any def9ite ratio is /ill undet]m9$4 ,! evid5ce af=d$ by ! natural alloys ( gold & silv]1 & by ! ph5om5a accompany+ ! cool+ ( sev]al alloys f ! /ate ( fusion1 goes f> to prove t su* is ! case 7,rudb]g74 ,! subject is1 h[ev]1 "o ( consid]able difficulty1 z metals & metallic comp\nds are g5]ally soluble 9 ea* o!r1 & unite by simple fusion & contact4 ,t !y d n comb9e indiff]5tly ) ea* o!r1 b ex]cise a species ( elective aff9ity n dissimil> to o!r bodies1 is cle>ly %[n by ! homog5eity & sup]ior quality ( _m alloys 9 :i* ! con/itu5t metals are 9 atomic proportion4 ,! v>iation ( ! specific gravity & melt+ po9ts ( alloys f ! mean ( ^? ( _! compon5t metals also af=ds /rong evid5ce ( a *emical *ange hav+ tak5 place4 ,?us1 alloys g5]ally melt at l[] temp]atures ?an _! sep>ate metals4 ,!y also usually possess m t5acity & h>dness ?an ! mean ( _! con/itu5ts4 ,mat?iess5 f\nd t :5 weights are susp5d$ to spirals ( h>d-drawn wire made ( copp]1 gold1 or plat9um1 !y become ne>ly /raight5$ :5 /ret*$ by a mod]ate weight2 b wires ( equal dim5sions compos$ ( copp]-t9 7#ab p] c5t ( t971 silv]-plat9um 7#cf p] c5t ( plat9um71 & gold-copp] 7#hd p] c5t ( copp]7 sc>cely und]go any p]man5t *ange 9 =m :5 subject$ to t5sion by ! same weight4 ,! same *emi/ gives ! foll[+ approximate results ^u ! t5acity ( c]ta9 metals & wires h>d-drawn ?r\gh ! same gauge 7,no4 #bc73 ,p\nds ,copp]1 break+ /ra9 #be-cj ,t91 break+ /ra9 "u #g ,lead1 break+ /ra9 "u #g ,t9-lead 7#bj lead7 ab\t #g ,t9-copp] 7#ab copp]7 ab\t #g ,copp]-t9 7#ab t97 ab\t #hj-ij ,gold 7#ab t97 #bj-be ,gold-copp] 7#h4d copp]7 #gj-ge ,silv] 7#h4d copp]7 #de-ej ,plat9um 7#h4d copp]7 #de-ej ,silv]-plat9um 7#cj plat9um7 #ge-hj ,on ! o!r h&1 ! malleability1 ductility1 & p[] ( resi/+ oxyg5 ( alloys is g5]ally dim9i%$4 ,! alloy =m$ ( two brittle metals is always brittle2 t ( a brittle & a ductile metal1 g5]ally s2 & ev5 two ductile metals sometimes unite to =m a brittle comp\nd4 ,! alloys =m$ ( metals hav+ diff]5t fus+ po9ts are usually malleable :ile cold & brittle :ile hot4 ,! action ( ! air on alloys is g5]ally less ?an on _! simple metals1 unless ! =m] are heat$4 ,a mixture ( #a "p ( t9 & #c p>ts ( lead is sc>cely act$ on at common temp]atures2 b at a r$ heat x readily takes fire1 & cont9ues to burn = "s "t l a piece ( bad turf4 ,9 l mann]1 a mixture ( t9 & z9c1 :5 /rongly heat$1 decomposes bo? moi/ air & /eam ) rapidity4 ,! specific gravity ( alloys is r>ely #dh ! ari?metical mean ( t ( _! con/itu5ts1 z commonly taught2 & 9 _m cases consid]able cond5sation or expansion occurs4 ,:5 !re is a /rong aff9ity betwe5 two metals1 ! d5sity ( _! alloy is g5]ally great] ?an ! calculat$ mean2 & vice v]sa1 z may be se5 9 ! foll[+ table3 ,,alloys ,,hav+ ,a ,,d5sity ,great] ?an ! ,mean ( _! ,con/itu5ts3 ,copp] & bismu?1 ,copp] & palladium1 ,copp] & t91 ,copp] & z9c1 ,gold & antimony1 ,gold & bismu?1 ,gold & cobalt1 ,gold & t91 ,gold & z9c1 ,lead & antimony1 ,palladium & bismu?1 ,silv] & antimony1 ,silv] & bismu?1 ,silv] & lead1 ,silv] & t91 ,silv] & z9c4 ,less ?an ! ,mean ( _! ,con/itu5ts3 ,gold & copp]1 ,gold & iridium1 ,gold & iron1 ,gold & lead1 ,gold & nickel1 ,gold & silv]1 ,iron & antimony1 ,iron & bismu?1 ,iron & lead1 ,nickel & ars5ic1 ,silv] & copp]1 ,t9 & antimony1 ,t9 & lead1 ,t9 & palladium1 ,z9c & antimony4 ,comp\nd+ ,alloys4--,consid]able exp]i5ce is necess>y to insure success 9 comp\nd+ alloys1 especially :5 ! metals employ$ v>y greatly 9 fusibility & volatility4 ,! foll[+ are rules suppli$ by an exp]i5c$ workman3 #a4 ,melt ! lea/ fusible1 oxidizable1 & volatile fir/1 & !n add ! o!rs heat$ to _! po9t ( fusion or ne> x4 ,?us1 if x is desir$ to make an alloy ( exactly #a "p ( copp] & #c ( z9c1 x w be impossible to d s by putt+ proportions ( ! metals 9 a crucible & expos+ ! :ole to heat4 ,mu* ( ! z9c w\ld fly (f 9 vapor be=e ! copp] 0 melt$4 ,fir/1 melt ! copp] & add ! z9c1 :i* has be5 melt$ 9 ano!r crucible4 ,! z9c %\ld be 9 excess1 z "s ( x w be lo/ anyway4 #b4 ,"s alloys1 z copp] & z9c1 copp] & ars5ic1 may be =m$ by expos+ heat$ plates ( ! lea/ fusible metal to ! vapor ( ! o!r4 ,9 mak+ brass 9 ! l>ge way1 ?9 plates ( copp] are dissolv$1 z x 71 9 melt$ z9c until ! prop] proportions h be5 obta9$4 #c4 ,! surface ( all oxidizable metals %\ld be cov]$ ) "s protect+ ag5t1 z tall[ = v fusible ones1 ros9 = lead & t91 *>coal = z9c1 copp]1 etc4 #d4 ,/ir ! metal be=e ca/+ & if possible1 :5 ca/+1 ) a :itewood /ick2 ?is is mu* bett] = ! purpose ?an an iron rod4 #e4 ,if possible1 add a small portion ( old alloy to ! new4 ,if ! alloy is requir$ to make %>p ca/+s & /r5g? is n a v great object1 ! proportion ( old alloy to ! new %\ld be increas$4 ,9 all cases a new or ?or\ghly well-cleans$ crucible %\ld be us$4 ,to obta9 metals & metallic alloys f _! comp\nds1 su* z oxides1 sulphides1 *lorides1 etc41 a process lately pat5t$ makes use ( ! r$uc+ qualities ( alum9um or its alloys ) magnesium4 ,! f9ely p[d]$ mat]ial 7e4 g41 *romic oxide7 is plac$ 9 a crucible mix$ ) alum9um oxide4 ,! mixture is set afire by means ( a sold]+ pipe or a burn+ magnesium wire1 & ! desir$ reaction takes place4 ,= ignit+1 "o may also employ ) advantage a special prim+ c>tridge consi/+ ( pulv]iz$ alum9um to :i* a little magnesium may be mix$1 & p]oxide ( magnesia1 :i* is %ap$ into balls & light$ ) a magnesium wire4 ,by suitable additions to ! pulv]iz$ mixture1 alloys conta9+ alum9um1 magnetism1 *romium1 manganese1 copp]1 iron1 boron1 silicic acid1 etc41 are obta9$4 ,,alum9um ,,alloys4 ,m4 ,h4 ,pe*eux has contribut$ to ! ,comptes ,r5dus1 f "t to "t1 ! results ( 8 inve/igations into ! alloys ( alum9um ) s(t metals1 & ! foll[+ con/itutes a brief summ>y ( 8 obs]vations3 ,lead4--,:5 alum9um is melt$ & lead is add$ 9 proportion great] ?an #aj p] c5t1 ! metals sep>ate on cool+ into ?ree lay]s--lead1 alum9um1 & betwe5 !m an alloy conta9+ f #ij to #ig p] c5t ( alum9um4 #di ,! alloys ) #ic1 #ie1 & #ih p] c5t h d5sities ( #b4gde1 #b4fgd1 & #b4fjj respectively1 & melt+ po9ts ne> t ( alum9um4 ,_! color is l t ( alum9um1 b !y are less lu/r\s4 ,all are malleable1 easily cut1 s(t] ?an alum9um1 & h a granul> fracture4 ,on remelt+ !y become some:at ri*] 9 lead1 ?r\gh a t5d5cy to liquation4 ,!y d n oxidize 9 moi/ air1 nor at _! melt+ po9ts4 ,!y are attack$ 9 ! cold by hydro*loric & by /rong sulphuric acid1 ) evolution ( hydrog51 & by /rong nitric acid :5 hot2 /rong solution ( potassium hydroxide also attacks !m4 ,!y are )\t action on di/ill$ wat]1 :e!r cold or hot4 ,z9c4--,well-def9$ alloys 7 obta9$1 correspond+ to ! =mulas ,zn#c;,al1 ,zn#b;,al1 ,zn,al1 ,zn,al#b1 ,zn,al#c1 ,zn,al#d1 ,zn,al#f1 ,zn,al#aj1 ,zn,al#ab4 ,_! melt+ po9ts & d5sities all lie betwe5 ^? ( z9c & alum9um1 & ^? conta9+ mo/ z9c are ! h>de/4 ,!y are all dissolv$ by cold hydro*loric acid & by hot dilute nitric acid4 ,cold conc5trat$ nitric acid attacks ! fir/ ?ree1 & cold dilute acid ! fir/ five4 ,! ,zn#c;,al1 ,zn,al#f1 ,zn,al#aj1 & ,zn,al#ab are only slightly affect$ by cold potassium-hydroxide solution2 ! o!rs are /rongly attack$1 potassium z9cate & alum9ate probably be+ =m$4 ,t94--,a fil$ rod ( t9-alum9um alloy plung$ 9 cold wat] gives (f = "s m9utes bubbles ( gas1 compos$ ( hydrog5 & oxyg5 9 explosive proportions4 ,an unfil$ rod1 or a fil$ rod ( ei!r alum9um or t91 is )\t action1 ?\gh ! unfil$ rod ( alloy w act on boil+ wat]4 ,! fil$ rod ( alloy1 9 fa9tly acid solution ( copp] or z9c sulphate1 becomes cov]$ ) a deposit ( copp] or z9c1 :ile bubbles ( oxyg5 are giv5 (f4 ,m4 ,pe*eux believes t ! metals are truly alloy$ only at ! surface1 & t fil+ lays b>e an almo/ inf9itely num]\s s]ies ( junctions ( ! two metals1 :i*1 heat$ by ! fil+1 act z !rmoc\ples4 ,bismu?4--,by ! me?od us$ = lead1 bismu? alloys 7 obta9$ conta9+ #ge1 #he1 #hh1 & #id p] c5t ( alum9um1 ) d5sities #b4hf1 #b4gi1 #b4gh1 & #b4gd respectively4 ,!y 7 sonor\s1 brittle1 f9ely gra9$1 & homog5e\s1 silv]-:ite1 & ) melt+ po9ts betwe5 ^? ( _! con/itu5ts1 b ne>] t ( alum9um4 ,!y are n oxidiz$ 9 air at ! temp]ature ( ca/+1 b are readily attack$ by acids1 conc5trat$ or dilute1 & by potassium-hydroxide solution4 ,! fil$ alloys behave l ^? ( t91 b /ill m m>k$ly4 ,magnesium4--,^! 7 obta9$ ) #ff1 #fh1 #gc1 #gg1 & #he p] c5t ( alum9um1 & d5sities #b4bd1 #b4dg1 #b4cb1 #b4cg1 #b4dg4 ,!y are brittle1 ) l>ge granul> fracture1 silv]-:ite1 file well1 take a good poli%1 & h melt+ po9ts ne> t ( alum9um4 ,be+ visc\s :5 melt$1 !y are difficult to ca/1 & :5 sl[ly cool$ =m a gray1 spongy mass :i* _c be remelt$4 ,!y d n oxidize 9 air at ! ord9>y temp]atures1 b burn readily at a bright-r$ heat4 ,!y are attack$ viol5tly by acids & by potassium-hydroxide solution1 decompose hydrog5 p]oxide1 & sl[ly decompose wat] ev5 9 ! cold4 ,t91 ,bismu?1 & ,magnesium4--,! action ( wat] on ^! alloys j ref]r$ to has be5 rec5tly demon/rat$ on a l>g] scale1 #e to #f cubic c5timet]s ( hydrog5 hav+ be5 obta9$ 9 #bj m9utes f #b cubic c5timet]s ( ! fil$ t9 alloy4 ,! bismu? alloy yield$ m hydrog5 ?an ! t9 alloy1 & ! magnesium alloy m ?an ! bismu? alloy4 ,! oxyg5 ( ! decompos$ wat] unites ) ! alum9um4 ,l>g] quantities ( hydrog5 are obta9$ f copp]-sulphate solution1 ap>t f ! decomposition ( ?is solution by precipitation ( copp] at ! exp5se ( ! metal alloy$ ) ! alum9um4 ,! alloys ( alum9um ) z9c & lead d n decompose pure wat]1 b d decompose ! wat] ( copp]-sulphate solution1 &1 m sl[ly1 t ( z9c-sulphate solution4 ,alum9um is a metal ^: prop]ties are v mat]ially influ5c$ by a proportionately small addition ( copp]4 ,alloys ( #ii p] c5t alum9um & #a p] c5t ( copp] are h>d1 brittle1 & blui% 9 color2 #ie p] c5t ( alum9um & #e p] c5t ( copp] give an alloy :i* c be hamm]$1 b ) #aj p]c5t ( copp] ! metal c no long] be work$4 ,) #hj p] c5t & upw>d ( copp] are obta9$ alloys ( a beautiful yell[ color1 & ^! mixtures1 conta9+ f #e to #aj p]c5t ( alum9um & f #ij to #ie p] c5t ( copp]1 are ! g5u9e alum9um bronzes4 ,! #aj-p]-c5t alloys are ( a pure gold5-yell[ color2 ) #e p] c5t ( alum9um !y are r$di% yell[1 l gold heavily alloy$ ) copp]1 & a #b-p]-c5t admixture is ( an almo/ pure copp] r$4 #ej ,z ! proportion ( copp] increases1 ! brittl5ess is dim9i%$1 & alloys conta9+ #aj p] c5t & less ( alum9um c be us$ = indu/rial purposes1 ! be/ consi/+ ( #ij p] c5t ( copp] & #aj ( alum9um4 ,! h>dness ( ?is alloy approa*es t ( ! g5]al bronzes1 :5ce its "n4 ,x c be /ret*$ out into ?9 %eets betwe5 roll]s1 work$ "u ! hamm]1 & %ap$ z desir$ by beat+ or pressure1 9 p[]ful /amp+ presses4 ,on acc\nt ( its h>dness x takes a f9e poli%1 & its peculi> gre5i%-gold color resembles t ( gold alloy$ ) copp] & silv] toge!r4 ,alloys ) a /ill great] proportion ( copp] approa* ?is metal m & m ne>ly 9 _! "*2 ! color ( an alloy1 = in/ance1 compos$ ( #ie p] c5t ( copp] & #e p] c5t ( alum9um1 c be di/+ui%$ f pure gold only by direct comp>ison1 & ! metal is v h>d1 & also v malleable4 ,electrical ,conductivity ( ,alum9um ,alloys4--,dur+ ?ree ye>s' exposure to ! atmosph]e1 copp]-alum9um alloys 9 "o te/ gradually dim9i%$ 9 conductivity 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( copp] !y conta9$4 ,! nickel-copp] alum9um alloys1 :i* %[ su* rem>kably increas$ t5sile /r5g? z comp>$ ) good comm]cial alum9um1 consid]ably dim9i%$ 9 total conductivity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! manganese-copp] alum9um alloys suff]$ comp>atively little dim9ution 9 total conductivity1 & "o ( !m reta9$ comp>atively high t5sile /r5g?4 ,x 0 ?\ght t an exam9ation ( ! /ructure ( ^! alloys by aid ( microphotography might ?r[ "s light on ! great diff]5ce :i* exi/s betwe5 "s ( _! physical prop]ties4 ,= in/ance1 a nickel-copp] alum9um alloy has #a4f times ! t5sile /r5g? ( ord9>y comm]cial alum9um4 ,"u a magnification ( #hjj diamet]s practically no /ructure c\ld be discov]$4 ,consid]+ ! rem>kable cry/all9e /ructure exhibit$ by ord9>y comm]cial alum9um ne> ! surface ( an +ot1 :5 all[$ to solidify at an ord9>y rate1 ! want ( /ructure 9 ^! alloys mu/ be attribut$ to ! process ( draw+ d[n4 ,! inf]5ce is t ! great diff]5ce :i* exi/s betwe5 _! t5sile /r5g?s & o!r qualities is n due to v>iation 9 /ructure4 ,color$ ,alloys ( ,alum9um4--,a purple sc9tillat+ composition is produc$ by an alloyage ( #gh p>ts ( gold & #bb p>ts alum9um4 ,) plat9um a gold-color$ alloy is obta9$2 ) palladium a copp]-color$ "o2 & ) cobalt & nickel "o ( a yell[ color4 ,easily fusible metals ( ! color ( alum9um give :ite alloys4 ,metal difficult ( fusion1 su* z iridium1 osmium1 titanium1 etc41 appe> 9 abnormal tones ( color ?r\gh su* alloyages4 ,alum9um-,brass4--,alum9um1 #a p] c5t2 specific gravity1 #h4ce2 t5sile /r5g?1 #dj4 ,alum9um1 #c p] c5t2 specific gravity1 #h4cc2 t5sile /r5g?1 #fe4 ,! la/ nam$ is h>d] ?an ! fir/4 ,alum9um-,copp]4--,m9ik9 is pr9cipally alum9um ) a small p]c5tage ( copp] & nickel4 ,x is alloy$ by mix+ ! alum9um & copp]1 !n add+ ! nickel4 ,x resembles palladium & is v /rong4 ,alum9um-,silv]4--,i4--,silv]1 #c p] c5t2 alum9um1 #ig p] c5t4 ,a h&some color4 ,,ii4--,a silv] alum9um t is easily work$ into v>i\s articles conta9s ab\t "o-f\r? silv] & ?ree-f\r?s ( alum9um4 ,alum9um-,t94--,b\rbon metal is compos$ ( equal p>ts ( alum9um & t92 x sold]s readily4 ,alum9um-,tung/54--,a new metal alloy consi/+ ( alum9um & tung/5 is us$ ( late 9 ,france 9 ! con/ruction ( conveyances1 especially c>riages1 bicycles1 & motor vehicles4 ,! ,fr5* call x p>t9ium2 ! composition ( ! new alloy v>ies accord+ to ! purposes = :i* x is us$4 ,x is consid]ably *eap] ?an alum9um1 almo/ z light1 & has a great] resi/ance4 ,! /r5g? is /at$ at #cb to #cg kilograms p] squ>e millimet]4 ,alum9um-,z9c4--,z9c1 #c p] c5t2 alum9um1 #ig p] c5t4 ,v ductile1 :ite1 & h>d] ?an alum9um4 ,,amalgams3 ,see ,fusible ,alloys4 ,anti-,friction ,be>+ or ,babbitt ,metals4--,^! alloys are usually support$ by be>+s ( brass1 into :i* x is p\r$ aft] !y h be5 t9n$1 & heat$ & put toge!r ) an exact model ( ! axle1 or o!r work+ piece1 pla/ic clay be+ previ\sly appli$1 9 ! usual mann]1 z a lute or out] mold4 ,s(t gun metal is also excell5t1 & is mu* us$ = be>+s4 ,!y all become less heat$ 9 work+ ?an ! #ea h>d] metals1 & less grease or oil is consequ5tly requir$ :5 !y are us$4 ,i4--,an anti-friction metal ( excell5t quality & "o t has be5 us$ ) success is made z foll[s3 #ag p>ts z9c2 #a "p copp]2 #a #a_/b p>ts antimony2 prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,melt ! copp] 9 a small crucible1 !n add ! antimony1 & la/ly ! z9c1 c>e be+ tak5 n to burn ! z9c4 ,burn+ c be prev5t$ by all[+ ! copp] & antimony to cool slightly be=e add+ ! z9c4 ,?is metal is pref]ably ca/ into ! %ape desir$ & is n us$ z a l9+ metal because x requires too great a heat to p\r4 ,x ma*9es nicely & takes a f9e poli% on be>+ surfaces4 ,x has ! appe>ance ( alum9um :5 f9i%$4 ,use a lubricat+ oil made f any good grade ( ma*9e oil to :i* #c p>ts ( k]os5e h be5 add$4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #f p>ts2 t91 #ab p>ts2 lead1 #aej p>ts2 antimony1 #cj p>ts2 wr\ght iron1 #a "p2 ca/ iron1 #a "p4 ,= c]ta9 purposes ! composition is modifi$ z foll[s3 ,copp]1 #af p>ts2 t91 #dj p>ts2 lead1 #abj p>ts2 antimony1 #bd p>ts2 wr\ght iron1 #a "p2 ca/ iron1 #a "p4 ,9 bo? cases ! wr\ght iron is cut up 9 small pieces1 & 9 ?is /ate x w melt readily 9 fus$ copp] & ca/ iron4 ,aft] ! mixture has be5 well /irr$1 ! t91 lead1 & antimony are add$2 ^! are previ\sly melt$ 9 sep>ate crucibles1 & :5 m+l$ ! :ole mass is aga9 /irr$ ?or\ghly4 ,! product may !n be run into +ots1 to be employ$ :5 ne$$4 ,:5 run into ! molds ! surface %\ld be well skimm$1 = 9 ?is /ate x oxidizes rapidly4 ,! proportions may be v>i$ )\t mat]ially affect+ ! results4 ,,iii4--,f t91 #af to #bj p>ts2 antimony1 #b p>ts2 lead1 #a "p2 fus$ toge!r1 & !n bl5d$ ) copp]1 #hj p>ts4 ,us$ :]e !re is mu* friction or high velocity4 ,,iv4--,z9c1 #f p>ts2 t91 #a "p2 copp]1 #bj p>ts4 ,us$ :5 ! metal is expos$ to viol5t %ocks4 ,v4--,lead1 #a "p2 t91 #b p>ts2 z9c1 #d p>ts2 copp]1 #fh p>ts4 ,us$ :5 ! metal is expos$ to heat4 ,,vi4--,t91 #dh to #ej p>ts2 antimony1 #e p>ts2 copp]1 #a "p4 ,,vii4--7,f5ton's47 ,t91 ) "s z9c1 & a little copp]4 ,,viii4--7,ord9>y47 ,t91 or h>d pewt]1 ) or )\t a small portion ( antimony or copp]4 ,)\t ! la/ x is apt to spread out "u ! weight ( heavy ma*9]y4 ,us$ = ! be>+s ( locomotives1 etc4 ,! foll[+ two compositions are = motor & dynamo %afts3 #ajj p\nds t92 #aj p\nds copp]2 #aj p\nds antimony4 #hc #a_/b p\nds t92 #h #a_/d p\nds antimony2 #h #a_/d p\nds copp]4 ,,ix4--,lead1 #ge p>ts2 antimony1 #bc p>ts2 t91 #b p>ts4 ,x4--,magnolia ,metal4--,?is is compos$ ( #dj p>ts ( lead1 #g #a_/b p>ts ( antimony1 #b #a_/b ( t91 #a_/h ( bismu?1 #a_/h ( alum9um1 & #a_/d ( graphite4 ,x is us$ z an anti-friction metal1 & takes its "n f its manufactur]'s m>k1 a magnolia fl[]4 ,,arg5tan3 ,see ,g]man ,silv]1 "u ?is title4 ,,bell ,,metal4 ,! composition ( bell metal v>ies consid]ably1 z may be se5 bel[3 ,i4--7,/&>d47 ,copp]1 #gh p>ts2 t91 #bb p>ts2 fus$ toge!r & ca/4 ,! mo/ sonor\s ( all ! alloys ( copp] & t94 ,x is easily fusible1 & has a f9e compact gra91 & a vitre\s con*oidal & yell[i%-r$ fracture4 ,accord+ to ,klapro?1 ! f9e/-ton$ ,indian gongs h ?is composition4 ,,ii4--7,f\nd]'s ,/&>d47 ,copp]1 #gg p>ts2 t91 #ba p>ts2 antimony1 #b p>ts4 ,slightly pal] & inf]ior to ,no4 ,i4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #hj p>ts2 t91 #bj p>ts4 ,v deep-ton$ & sonor\s4 ,us$ 9 ,*9a & ,india = ! l>g] gongs1 tam-tams1 etc4 ,,iv4--,copp]1 #gh to #hj p>ts2 t91 #bb to #bj p>ts4 ,usual composition ( ,*9ese cymbals1 tam-tams1 etc4 ,v4--,copp]1 #ge 7 #c7 p>ts2 t91 #be 7 #a7 "p4 ,some:at brittle4 ,9 fracture1 semivitre\s & blui%-r$4 ,us$ = *ur* & o!r l>ge bells4 ,,vi4--,copp]1 #hj p>ts2 t91 #aj #a_/d p>ts2 z9c1 #e #a_/b p>ts2 lead1 #d #a_/d p>ts4 ,engli% bell metal1 accord+ to ,?omson4 ,inf]ior to ! la/2 ! lead be+ apt to =m isolat$ drops1 to ! injury ( ! uni=mity ( ! alloy4 ,,vii4--,copp]1 #fh p>ts2 t91 #cb p>ts4 ,brittle2 fracture con*oidal & a%-gray4 ,be/ proportions = h\se bells1 h& bells1 etc42 = :i*1 h[ev]1 #b ( copp] & #a ( t9 is commonly sub/itut$ by ! f\nd]s4 ,,viii4--,copp]1 #gb p>ts2 t91 #bf #a_/b p>ts2 iron1 #a #a_/b p>ts4 ,us$ by ! ,p>is h\ses = ! bells ( small clocks4 ,,ix4--,copp]1 #gb p>ts2 t91 #bf p>ts2 z9c1 #b p>ts4 ,us$1 l ! la/1 = v small bells4 ,x4--,copp]1 #gj p>ts2 t91 #bf p>ts2 #eb z9c1 #b p>ts4 ,us$ = ! bells ( repeat+ wat*es4 ,,xi4--,melt toge!r copp]1 #ajj p>ts2 t91 #be p>ts4 ,aft] be+ ca/ into ! requir$ object1 x %\ld be made r$-hot1 & !n plung$ imm$iately into cold wat] 9 ord] to imp>t to x ! requisite degree ( sonor\sness4 ,= cymbals & gongs4 ,,xii4--,melt toge!r copp]1 #hj p>ts2 t91 #bj p>ts4 ,:5 cold x has to be hamm]$ out ) frequ5t anneal+4 ,,xiii4--,copp]1 #gh p>ts2 t91 #bb p>ts2 ,?is is sup]ior to ! =m]1 & x c be roll$ out4 ,= tam-tams & gongs4 ,,xiv4--,melt toge!r copp]1 #gb p>ts2 t91 #bf to #ef p>ts2 iron #a_/dd "p4 ,us$ 9 mak+ ! bells ( ornam5tal ,fr5* clocks4 ,ca/+s 9 bell metal are all m or less brittle2 &1 :5 rec5t1 h a color v>y+ f a d>k a%-gray to grayi%-:ite1 :i* is d>ke/ 9 ! m cupr\s v>ieties1 9 :i* x turns some:at on ! yell[i%-r$ or blui%-r$4 ,! l>g] ! proportion ( copp] 9 ! alloy1 ! deep] & grav] ! tone ( ! bells =m$ ( x4 ,! addition ( t91 iron1 or z9c1 causes !m to give out _! tones %>p]4 ,bismu? & lead are also (t5 us$ to modify ! tone1 :i* ea* metal affects diff]5tly4 ,! addition ( antimony & bismu? is frequ5tly made by ! f\nd] to give a m cry/all9e gra9 to ! alloy4 ,all ^! conditions are1 h[ev]1 prejudicial to ! sonor\sness ( bells1 & ( v d\btful utility4 ,rapid refrig]ation increases ! sonor\sness ( all ^! alloys4 ,h5ce ,m4 ,d',arcet recomm5ds t ! 8pieces0 be heat$ to a *]ry-r$ aft] !y are ca/1 & aft] hav+ be5 sudd5ly plung$ into cold wat]1 t !y be submitt$ to well-regulat$ pressure by skillful hamm]+1 until !y assume _! prop] =m2 aft] :i* !y are to be aga9 heat$ & all[$ to cool sl[ly 9 ! air4 ,?is is ! me?od adopt$ by ! ,*9ese ) _! gongs1 etc41 a cas+ ( %eet iron be+ employ$ by !m to support & protect ! pieces dur+ ! exposure to heat4 ,9 a g5]al way1 h[ev]1 bells are =m$ & complet$ by simple ca/+4 ,?is is necess>ily ! case ) all v l>ge bells4 ,:]e ! quality ( _! tones is ! *ief object s\ght aft]1 ! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to use comm]cially pure copp]4 ,! pres5ce ( a v little lead or any simil> metal greatly less5s ! sonor\sness ( ?is alloy2 :ile t ( silv] increases x4 ,! specific gravity ( a l>ge bell is seldom uni=m ?r\gh its :ole sub/ance2 nor c ! specific gravity f any giv5 portion ( its con/itu5t metals be exactly calculat$ ow+ to ! _m int]f]+ circum/ances4 ,! ne>] ?is uni=mity is approa*$1 or1 9 o!r words1 *emical comb9ation is complete1 ! m durable & f9]-ton$ w be ! bell4 ,9 g5]al1 x is f\nd necess>y to take ab\t "o-t5? m metal ?an ! weight ( ! int5d$ bell1 or bells1 9 ord] to all[ = wa/e & scorification dur+ ! op]ations ( fus+ & ca/+4 ,,bismu? ,,alloys4 ,bismu? possesses ! unusual quality ( exp&+ 9 cool+4 ,x is1 !re=e1 introduc$ 9 _m alloys to r$uce or *eck %r9kage 9 ! mold4 ,= delicate ca/+s1 & = tak+ impressions f dies1 m$als1 etc41 v>i\s bismu? alloys are 9 use1 ^: composition corresponds to ! foll[+ figures3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,bismu? #f #e #b #h ,t9 #c #b #a #c ,lead #ac #c #a #e ,v4--,cli* ,metal4--,?is alloy is compos$ ( t91 #dh p>ts2 lead1 #cb4e2 bismu?1 #i2 & antimony1 #aj4e4 ,x is especially well adapt$ to dabb+ roll]s = pr9t+ cotton goods1 & z x possesses a consid]able degree ( h>dness1 x we>s well4 ,,vi4--,= fill+ out defective places 9 metallic ca/+s1 an alloy ( bismu? #a "p1 antimony #c1 lead #h1 c be advantage\sly us$4 ,,vii4--,= ,cem5t+ ,glass4--,mo/ ( ! cem5ts 9 ord9>y use are dissolv$1 or at lea/ s(t5$1 by petroleum4 ,an alloy ( lead #c p>ts1 t9 #b1 bismu? #b4e1 melt+ at #bab ,f41 is n affect$ by petroleum1 & is !re=e v useful = cem5t+ lamps made ( metal & glass comb9$4 ,,lip[itz',s ,,bismu? ,,alloy3 ,see ,cadmium ,alloys4 ,,brass4 ,9 g5]al brass is compos$ ( two-?irds copp] & "o-?ird z9c1 b a little lead or t9 is sometimes advantage\s1 z ! foll[+3 ,i4--,r$ copp]1 #ff p>ts2 z9c1 #cd p>ts2 lead1 #a "p4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #ff p>ts2 z9c1 #cb p>ts2 t91 #a "p2 lead1 #a "p4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #fd4e p>ts2 z9c1 #cc4e p>ts2 lead1 #a4e p>ts2 t91 #j4e "p4 ,brass-,alum9um4--,a small addition ( alum9um to brass 7#a4e to #h p] c5t7 #ec greatly increases its h>dness & ela/icity1 & ?is alloy is also easily work$ = any purpose4 ,brass conta9+ #h p] c5t ( alum9um has ! valuable prop]ty ( be+ b slightly affect$ by acids or gases4 ,a l>g] p]c5tage ( alum9um makes ! brass brittle4 ,x is to be not$ t alum9um brass decreases v mat]ially 9 volume 9 ca/+1 & ! ca/s mu/ be cool$ sl[ly or !y w be brittle4 ,x is an alloy easily made1 & its l[ price1 comb9$ ) its excell5t qualities1 w\ld seem to make x 9 _m cases an advantage\s sub/itute = ! exp5sive phosphor\s bronze4 ,bri/ol ,brass 7,pr9ce's ,metal74--,?is alloy1 :i* possesses prop]ties simil> to ^? ( ,fr5* brass1 is prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,copp] #ge4g #fg4b #fj4h ,z9c #bd4c #cb4h #ci4b ,p>ticul> c>e is requir$ to prev5t ! z9c f evaporat+ dur+ ! fus+1 & = ?is purpose x is cu/om>y to put only half ( x into ! fir/ melt+1 & to add ! rema9d] :5 ! fir/ mass is liquefi$4 ,brass-,iron 7,ai*'s ,metal74--,?is is a v>iety ( brass ) an admixture ( iron1 :i* gives x a consid]able degree ( t5acity4 ,x is especially adapt$ = purposes :i* require a h>d &1 at ! same "t1 t5aci\s metal4 ,analyses ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( ?is metal %[ consid]able v>iation 9 ! proportions4 ,ev5 ! am\nt ( iron1 to :i* ! h>d5+ effect mu/ be attribut$1 may v>y )9 wide limits )\t mat]ially modify+ ! t5acity :i* is ! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ?is alloy4 ,i4--,! be/ v>iety ( ,ai*'s metal consi/s ( copp]1 #fj p>ts2 z9c1 #ch4b2 iron1 #a4h4 ,! pr$om9at+ quality ( ?is alloy is its h>dness1 :i* is claim$ to be n inf]ior to t ( c]ta9 k9ds ( /eel4 ,x has a beautiful gold5-yell[ color1 & is said n to oxidize easily1 a valuable prop]ty = articles expos$ to ! action ( air & wat]4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #fj4b p>ts2 z9c1 #ch4b2 iron1 #a4f4 ,! p]missible v>iations 9 ! cont5t ( iron are f #j4d to #c p] c5t4 ,/]ro metal may prop]ly be consid]$ 9 connection ) ,ai*'s metal1 s9ce its con/itu5ts are ! same & its prop]ties v simil>4 ,! pr9cipal diff]5ce betwe5 ! two metals is t /]ro metal conta9s a mu* l>g] am\nt ( iron4 ,! composition ( ?is alloy v>ies consid]ably ) diff]5t manufactur]s4 ,,iii4--,two v>ieties ( excell5t quality are ! product ( ! ,ro/horn factory1 9 ,l[] ,au/ria--copp]1 #ee4cc p>ts2 z9c1 #da4hj2 iron1 #d4ff4 ,also ,,iv4--,engli% /]ro metal 7,g$ge's alloy = %ip %ea?+71 copp]1 #fj p>ts2 z9c1 #ch4abe2 iron1 #a4e4 ,! great value ( ?is alloy lies 9 its /r5g?1 :i* is equal$ only by t ( ! be/ /eel4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is1 a wr\ght-iron pipe broke ) a pressure ( #bfg atmosph]es1 :ile a simil> pipe ( /]ro metal )/ood ! enorm\s pressure ( #gfc atmosph]es )\t crack+4 ,besides its rem>kable /r5g?1 x possesses a high degree ( ela/icity1 & is1 !re=e1 p>ticul>ly suitable = purposes :i* require ! comb9ation ( ^! two qualities1 su* z ! con/ruction ( hydraulic cyl9d]s4 ,x is well kn[n t ^! cyl9d]s1 at a c]ta9 pressure1 beg9 to sweat1 t is1 ! int]ior pressure is s great t ! wat] p]meates ?r\gh ! pores ( ! /eel4 ,) a /]ro metal cyl9d]1 ! pressure c be consid]ably increas$ )\t any moi/ure be+ p]ceptible on ! outside ( ! cyl9d]4 ,/]ro metal c be made ev5 m h>d & d5se1 if requir$ = special purposes1 b ?is is effect$ r by me*anical manipulation ?an by any *ange 9 ! *emical composition4 ,if roll$ or hamm]$ 9 heat1 its /r5g? is increas$1 & x acquires1 9 addition1 an exce$+ly high degree ( t5acity4 ,special c>e mu/ be tak51 h[ev]1 9 hamm]+ n to ov]heat ! metal1 z 9 ?is case x w\ld become brittle & might crack "u ! hamm]4 ,/]ro metal is especially suitable = all ! purposes = :i* ! s-call$ r$ metal has be5 9 ! pa/ almo/ exclusively us$4 ,axle be>+s1 = example1 made ( /]ro metal h su* excell5t qualities t _m ma*9e factories are n[ us+ ?is mat]ial entirely = ! purpose4 ,ca/ ,brass4--,! v>i\s articles ( bronze1 s call$1 /atuettes1 clock cases1 etc41 made 9 ,france1 :]e ?is indu/ry has atta9$ great p]fection & ext5sive proportions1 are n1 9 _m cases1 g5u9e bronze1 b f9e ca/ brass4 ,foll[+ are ! compositions ( a few mixtures ( metals mo/ frequ5tly us$ by ,fr5* manufactur]s3 ,copp] ,z9c ,t9 ,lead ,i #fc4gj #cc4ee #b4ej #j4be ,,ii #fd4de #cb4dd #j4be #b4hf ,,iii #gj4ij #bd4je #b4jj #c4je ,,iv #gb4dc #bb4ge #a4hg #b4ie #ed ,_! special advantage is t !y c be readily ca/1 work$ ) file & *isel1 & easily gild$4 ,to ,ca/ ,yell[ ,brass4--,if good1 clean1 yell[ brass s& ca/+s are desir$1 ! brass %\ld n conta9 ov] #cj p] c5t ( z9c4 ,?is w assure an alloy ( good color & "o :i* w run free & clean4 ,t9 or lead may be add$ )\t affect+ ! prop]ty ( ca/+ clean4 ,a mixture ( #g p\nds ( copp]1 #c p\nds ( spelt]1 #d ounces ( t91 & #c ounces ( lead makes a good ca/+ alloy & "o :i* w cut free & is /rong4 ,if a /rong] alloy be desir$1 m t9 may be add$1 b #d ounces is usually suffici5t4 ,if ! alloy be too h>d1 r$uce ! proportion ( t94 ,leaf ,brass4--,?is alloy is also call$ ,dut* gold1 or imitation gold leaf4 ,x is made ( copp]1 #gg4ge to #hd4e p>ts2 z9c1 #ae4e to #bb4be4 ,its color is pale or bright yell[ or gre5i%1 accord+ to ! proportions ( ! metals4 ,x has an unusual degree ( ductility4 ,malleable ,brass4--,?is metal is affect$ less by sea wat] ?an pure copp]1 & 0 =m]ly mu* us$ = %ip %ea?+1 & = mak+ nails & rivets :i* 7 to come 9 contact ) sea wat]4 ,at ! pres5t day x has lo/ mu* ( its importance1 s9ce all ! l>g] %ips are made ( /eel4 ,x is usually compos$ ( copp]1 #fj to #fb p>ts2 & z9c1 #dj to #ch p>ts4 ,x is sometimes call$ yell[ metal1 or ,mntz metal 7call$ aft] its inv5tor71 & is prep>$ ) c]ta9 precautions1 direct$ t[>d obta9+ z f9e a gra9 z possible1 exp]i5ce hav+ %[n t only a f9e-gra9$ alloy ( uni=m d5sity c resi/ ! action ( ! sea wat] ev5ly4 ,a metal ( unev5 d5sity w we> 9 holes4 ,to obta9 z uni=m a gra9 z possible1 small samples tak5 f ! fus$ mass are cool$ quickly & exam9$ z to fracture4 ,if !y d n %[ ! desir$ uni=m gra91 "s z9c is add$ to ! mass4 ,aft] x has p]meat$ ! :ole mass1 a fre% sample is tak5 & te/$1 ?is be+ cont9u$ until ! desir$ result is rea*$4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to rem>k t consid]able exp]i5ce is requir$ to tell ! correct composition ( ! alloy f ! fracture4 ,! mass is f9ally p\r$ into molds & roll$ cold4 ,malleable brass c be work$ w>m1 l iron1 be+ ductile 9 heat1 a valuable quality4 ,exp]im5ts ) malleable brass %[ t all alloys conta9+ up to #eh4cc p] c5t ( copp] & up to #da4fg p] c5t ( z9c are malleable4 ,!re is1 9 addition1 a second gr\p ( su* alloys1 ) #fa4ed p] c5t ( copp] & #ch4df p] c5t ( z9c1 :i* are also malleable 9 heat4 ,! prep>ation ( ^! alloys requires consid]able exp]i5ce1 & is be/ accompli%$ by melt+ ! metals toge!r 9 ! usual mann]1 & heat+ ! fus$ mass z /rongly z possible4 ,x mu/ be cov]$ ) a lay] ( *>coal du/ to prev5t oxidation ( ! z9c4 ,! mass becomes ?9ly fluid1 & an intimate mixture ( ! con/itu5ts is effect$4 ,small pieces ( ! same alloy are ?r[n into ! liquid mass until x no long] %[s a reflect+ surface1 :5 x is ca/ into +ots 9 iron molds4 ,! +ots are plung$ into wat] :ile /ill r$-hot1 & acquire by ?is treatm5t a v high degree ( ductility4 ,! alloy1 prop]ly prep>$1 has a fibr\s fracture & a r$di%-yell[ color4 ,%eet ,brass 7,= ,%eet & ,wire74--,9 ! prep>ation ( brass = ! manufacture ( wire1 an especially pure quality ( copp] mu/ be us$2 )\t ?is1 all ef=ts to produce a suitable quality ( brass w be 9 va94 ,t pure copp] is indisp5sable to ! manufacture ( good1 ductile brass may be se5 f ! great diff]5ce 9 ! composition ( ! v>i\s k9ds1 all ( :i* answ] _! purpose1 b conta9 widely v>y+ quantities ( copp] & z9c4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! composition ( "s excell5t qualities ( brass suitable = mak+ %eet & wire3 ,brass ,%eet--,s\rce ,copp] ,z9c ,lead ,t9 ,jemappes #fd4f #cc4g #a4d #j4b ,/olb]g #fd4h #cb4h #b4j #j4d ,romilly #gj4a #bi4bf #j4ch #j4ag ,ro/horn 7,vi5na7 #fh4a #ca4i -- -- ,ro/horn 7,vi5na7 #ga4e #bh4e -- -- ,ro/horn 7,vi5na7 #ga4a #bg4f #a4c -- ,is]lohn ,romilly #gj4a #bi4i -- -- ,ld5s*eid #gb4gc #bg4bg -- -- 7,brittle7 #fc4ff #cc4jb #b4eb -- ,heg]mhl #gj4af #bg4de #j4gi #j4bj ,ok] #fh4ih #bi4ed #j4ig -- ,brass ,wire-- ,engl& #gj4bi #bi4bf #j4bh #j4ag ,augsburg #ga4hi #bg4fc #j4he -- ,neu/adt #gj4af #bg4de #j4b #j4gi ,neu/adt #ga4cf #bh4ae -- -- ,neu/adt #ga4e #bh4e -- -- ,neu/adt #ga4j #bg4f -- -- 7,good quality7 #fe4d #cd4f -- -- 7,brittle7 #fe4e #cb4d #b4a -- ,= wire & %eet #fg4j #cb4j #j4e #j4e #ee ,z ! above figures %[1 ! p]c5tage ( z9c 9 ! diff]5t k9ds ( brass lies betwe5 #bg & #cd4 ,rec5tly1 alloys conta9+ a some:at l>g] quantity ( z9c h be5 us$1 x hav+ be5 f\nd t ! t\ghness & ductility ( ! brass are increas$ !reby1 )\t injury to its t5acity4 ,alloys conta9+ up to #cg p] c5t ( z9c possess a high degree ( ductility 9 ! cold1 & are well adapt$ = wire & %eet4 ,gild]s' ,%eet ,brass4--,copp]1 #a "p2 z9c1 #a "p2 t91 #a_/aj "p2 lead1 #a_/aj "p4 ,v readily fusible & v d5se4 ,:ite ,brass4--,birm+ham plat9a is an alloy ( a pure :ite1 almo/ silv]-:ite color1 rema9+ unaffect$ by tol]ably long exposure to ! atmosph]e4 ,un=tunately ?is alloy is s brittle t x c r>ely be %ap$ except by ca/+4 ,x is us$ only 9 ! manufacture ( buttons4 ,! alloy is p\r$ into molds giv+ r %>p impressions & all[+ ! design on ! button 7lett]s or coat ( arms7 to /& out prom95tly ) c>eful /amp+4 ,! composition ( ?is alloy1 also kn[n by ! "n ( plat9um lead1 is z foll[s3 ,i ,,ii ,copp] #df4e #d ,z9c #ec4e #af ,,iii4--,z9c1 #hj p>ts2 copp]1 #aj p>ts2 iron1 #aj p>ts4 ,,britannia ,,metal4 ,britannia metal is an alloy consi/+ pr9cipally ( t9 & antimony4 ,_m v>ieties conta9 only ^! two metals1 & may be consid]$ simply z t9 h>d5$ ) antimony1 :ile o!rs conta91 9 addition1 c]ta9 quantities ( copp]1 sometimes lead1 & occasionally1 ?\gh r>ely on acc\nt ( its co/1 bismu?4 ,britannia metal is always ( a silv]y-:ite color1 ) a blui% t+e1 & its h>dness makes x capable ( tak+ a high poli%1 :i* is n lo/ ?r\gh exposure to ! air4 ,n9ety p] c5t ( t9 & #aj p] c5t ( antimony gives a composition :i* is ! be/ = _m purposes1 especially = ca/+1 z x fills out ! molds well1 & is readily fusible4 ,9 "s cases1 :]e articles made f x are to be subject$ to con/ant we>1 a h>d] alloy is requir$4 ,9 ! proportions giv5 above1 ! metal is inde$ mu* h>d] ?an t91 b w\ld /ill soon give way "u usage4 ,a table is app5d$1 giv+ ! composition ( "s ( ! v>ieties ( ,britannia metal & _! special names4 ,t9 ,antimony,copp] ,z9c ,lead ,engli% #ha4ij #af4be #a4hd -- -- ,engli% #ij4fb #g4ha #a4df -- -- ,engli% #ij4a #f4c #c4a #j4e -- ,engli% #he4d #i4ff #j4ha #c4jf -- ,pewt] #ha4b #e4g #a4fj -- #aa4e ,pewt] #hi4c #g4f #a4h -- #a4h ,tutania #ia4d -- #j4g #j4c #g4f ,que5's metal #hh4e #g4a #c4e #j4i -- ,g]man #gb4j #bd4j #d4j -- -- ,g]man #hd4j #i4j #b4j #e4j -- ,g]man 7= ca/+7 #bj4j #fd4j #aj4j #f4j -- ,malleable 7= ca/+7#dh4j -- #c4j #dh4j #a4j ,britannia metal is prep>$ by melt+ ! copp] alone fir/1 !n add+ a "p ( ! t9 & ! :ole ( ! antimony4 ,! heat c !n be quickly mod]at$1 z ! melt+ po9t ( ! new alloy is mu* l[] ?an t ( copp]4 ,f9ally1 ! re/ ( ! t9 is add$1 & ! mixture /irr$ con/antly = "s "t to make x ?or\ghly homog5e\s4 ,an alloy :i* be>s a resemblance to ,britannia metal is ,a%b]ry metal1 = :i* !re are two =mulas4 ,i ,,ii ,copp] #b #c ,t9 #h #gi ,antimony #ad #ae ,z9c #a #b ,nickel #b #a ,,bronzes4 ,! composition ( bronze mu/ be effect$ imm$iately be=e ! ca/+1 = bronze _c be kept 9 /ore ready prep>$4 ,9 =m+ ! alloy1 ! refractory comp\nd1 copp]1 is fir/ melt$ sep>ately1 ! o!r metals1 t91 z9c1 etc41 previ\sly heat$1 be+ !n add$2 ! :ole is !n /irr$ & ! ca/+ c>ri$ out )\t loss ( "t4 ,! process ( =m+ ! alloy mu/ be effect$ quickly1 s t !re may be no loss ( z9c1 t91 or lead ?r\gh oxidation1 & also no int]ruption to ! fl[ ( metal1 z metal add$ aft] an int]val ( "t w n comb9e p]fectly ) ! metal already p\r$ 94 ,x is important1 !re=e1 to asc]ta9 ! specific weights ( ! metals1 = ! heavi] metal w naturally t5d to s9k to ! bottom & ! light] to collect at ! top4 ,only 9 ?is way1 & by vigor\s /irr+1 c ! complete bl5d+ ( ! two metals be secur$4 ,9 add+ ! z9c1 great c>e #ef mu/ be tak5 t ! latt] s9ks at once to ! level ( ! copp]1 o!rwise a consid]able portion w be volatiliz$ be=e rea*+ ! copp]4 ,:5 ! ca/+s are made1 !y mu/ be cool$ z quickly z possible1 = ! compon5ts ( bronze h a t5d5cy to =m sep>ate alloys ( v>i\s composition1 ?us produc+ ! s-call$ t9 spots4 ,?is is mu* m likely to occur ) a sl[ ?an ) a sudd5 cool+ ( ! mass4 ,anneal+ ,bronze4--,?is process is m p>ticul>ly employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( alloys us$ 9 ! manufacture ( cymbals1 gongs1 bells1 etc4 ,! alloy is naturally brittle1 & acquires ! prop]ties ess5tial to ! purpose = :i* x is int5d$ only aft] ca/+4 ,! in/rum5ts are plung$ into cold wat] :ile r$-hot1 hamm]$1 reheat$1 & sl[ly cool$1 :5 !y become s(t & sonor\s4 ,! alloy ( copp] & t9 has ! peculi> prop]ty t1 :]eas /eel becomes h>d ?r\gh cool+1 ?is mixture1 :5 cool$ sudd5ly1 becomes noticeably s(t & m malleable4 ,! alloy is heat$ to a d>k-r$ heat1 or1 9 ! case ( ?9 articles1 to ! melt+ po9t ( lead1 & !n plung$ 9 cold wat]4 ,! alloy may be hamm]$ )\t splitt+ or break+4 ,alum9um ,bronze4--,?is is prep>$ by melt+ ! f9e/ copp] 9 a crucible1 & add+ ! alum9um4 ,! copp] is cool$ !reby to ! ?ickly fluid po9t1 b at ! mom5t ( ! comb9ation ( ! two metals1 s mu* heat is releas$ t ! alloy becomes :ite hot & ?9ly fluid4 ,alum9um bronze ?us prep>$ is usually brittle1 & acquires its be/ qualities only aft] hav+ be5 remelt$ sev]al times4 ,x may be rem>k$ t1 9 ord] to obta9 a bronze ( ! be/ quality1 only ! v pure/ copp] mu/ be us$2 ) an inf]ior quality ( copp]1 all labor is wa/$4 ,alum9um bronze is n affect$ by exposure to ! air2 & its beautiful color makes x v suitable = manufactur+ v>i\s ornam5tal articles1 includ+ clock cases1 door knobs1 etc4 ,alum9um bronze wire is almo/ z /rong z good /eel wire1 & ca/+s made f x are almo/ z h>d z /eely iron2 its resi/ance to b5d+ or sagg+ is great4 ,i4--,a good =mula is #ij to #ie p] c5t ( alum9um & #e to #aj p] c5t ( copp]1 ( gold5 color1 :i* keeps well 9 ! air1 )\t soon becom+ dull & *ang+ color l pure copp] & its alloys ) t9 & z9c 7bronze1 brass1 etc474 ,x c be ca/ excell5tly1 c be fil$ well & turn$1 possesses an extraord9>y h>dness & firmness1 & atta9s a high degree ( poli%2 x is malleable & =geable4 ,on ! latt] quality are f\nd$ applications :i* 7 =m]ly nev] ?\ght (1 viz43 =g$ works ( art = decorative purposes4 ,an alloy ( #ie p>ts alum9um & #e p>ts copp] is us$ "h4 ,! te*nical work+ ( bronze is n mat]ially diff]5t f t ( iron4 ,! metal1 especially 9 a hot condition1 is work$ l iron on ! anvil1 ) hamm] & *isel1 only t ! temp]ature to be ma9ta9$ 9 =g+ lies betwe5 d>k & light *]ry r$4 ,if ! articles are n =g$ 9 "o piece & ! putt+ toge!r ( ! sep>ate p>ts becomes necess>y1 rivet+ or sold]+ has to be resort$ to4 ,besides =g+1 alum9um bronze is well suit$ = emboss+1 :i* is n surpris+ consid]+ ! high p]c5tage ( copp]4 ,aft] f9i%+ ! pieces1 ! metal c be ton$ 9 manifold ways by treatm5t ) acid4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #hi to #ih p] c5t2 alum9um & nickel1 #a to #b p] c5t4 ,alum9um & nickel *ange 9 ! opposite way1 t is to say1 9 increas+ ! p]c5tage ( nickel ! am\nt ( alum9um is decreas$ by ! equal quantity4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! be/ ratio is alum9um1 #i4e p] c5t2 nickel1 #a to #a4e p] c5t at mo/4 ,9 prep>+ ! alloy a deoxidiz+ ag5t is add$1 viz41 phosphorus to #j4e p] c5t2 magnesium to #a4e p] c5t4 ,! phosphorus %\ld always be add$ 9 ! =m ( phosphor\s copp] or phosphor alum9um ( exactly det]m9$ p]c5tage4 ,x is fir/ add$ to ! copp]1 !n ! alum9um & ! nickel1 & f9ally ! magnesium1 ! la/ nam$ at ! mom5t ( liquidity1 are admix$4 ,,iii4--,a gold bronze1 conta9+ #c to #e p] c5t alum9um2 specific gravity1 #h4cg to #h4ae4 ,h&some gold5 color4 ,?is alloy oxidizes less on heat+ ?an copp] & iron1 & is !re=e especially adapt$ = locomotive fireboxes & sp9dles1 etc4 ,,iv4--,a /eel bronze conta9+ on an av]age #h4e p] c5t alum9um 7includ+ #a p] c5t silicium72 specific gravity1 #g4g4 ,v ductile & t\gh1 b slightly ela/ic2 h5ce its use is exclud$ :]e1 ) l>ge dem&s ^u t5sion & pressure1 no p]man5t *ange ( =m mu/ ensue4 ,?is is *ang$ by work+1 su* z roll+1 draw+1 etc4 #eg ,especially useful :]e infrangibility is desir$1 z 9 ma*9]y1 ordnance1 etc4 ,at high temp]ature ?is bronze loses its ela/icity aga94 ,v4--,?is conta9s #h4e p] c5t alum9um & #a #a_/b to #b p] c5t silicium4 ,its use is advisable 9 cases :]e ! metal is to possess a good ela/icity1 ev5 9 ! ca/ /ate1 & to reta9 x aft] be+ work$ 9 r$ heat4 ,,vi4--,an acid bronze1 conta9+ #aj p] c5t alum9um2 specific gravity1 #g4fe4 ,especially s]viceable to resi/ oxidation & ! action ( acids4 ,,vii4--,diamond bronze1 conta9+ #aj p] c5t alum9um & #b p] c5t silicium4 ,specific gravity1 #g4c4 ,v h>d2 ( great firmness1 b brittle4 ,art ,bronzes4 7,see also ,alum9um ,bronzes & ,japanese ,bronzes "u ?is title47--,i4--,copp]1 #hd p>ts2 z9c1 #aa p>ts2 t91 #e p>ts4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #ij p>ts2 z9c1 #f p>ts2 t91 #b p>ts2 lead1 #b p>ts4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #fe p>ts2 z9c1 #cj p>ts2 t91 #e p>ts4 ,,iv4--,copp]1 #ij p>ts2 t91 #e p>ts2 z9c1 #d p>ts2 lead1 #a "p4 ,v4--,copp]1 #he p>ts2 z9c1 #aj p>ts2 t91 #c p>ts2 lead1 #b p>ts4 ,,vi4--,copp]1 #gb p>ts2 z9c1 #bc p>ts2 t91 #c p>ts2 lead1 #b p>ts4 ,/atu>y ,bronze4--,_m ( ! antique /atues 7 made ( g5u9e bronze1 :i* has advantages = ?is purpose1 b has be5 sup]s$$ 9 mod]n times by mixtures ( metals conta9+1 besides copp] & t9--! con/itu5ts ( real bronze--a quantity ( z9c1 ! alloy ?us =m$ be+ really an int]m$iate product betwe5 bronze & brass4 ,! reason = ! use ( su* mixtures lies p>tly 9 ! comp>ative *eapness ( _! production z comp>$ ) g5u9e bronze1 & p>tly 9 ! purpose = :i* ! metal is to be us$4 ,a ?or\ghly good /atu>y bronze mu/ become ?9ly fluid 9 fus+1 fill ! molds out %>ply1 all[ ( be+ easily work$ ) ! file1 & mu/ take on ! beautiful gre5 coat+ call$ pat9a1 aft] be+ expos$ to ! air = a %ort "t4 ,g5u9e bronze1 h[ev] /rongly heat$1 does n become ?9 en\gh to fill out ! molds well1 & x is also difficult to obta9 homog5e\s ca/+s f x4 ,brass alone is also too ?ickly fluid1 & n h>d en\gh = ! requir$ f9e *isel+ or *as+ ( ! f9i%$ object4 ,alloys conta9+ z9c & t91 9 addition to copp]1 c be prep>$ 9 su* a mann] t !y w become v ?9ly fluid1 & w give f9e ca/+s :i* c easily be work$ ) ! file & *isel4 ,! be/ proportions seem to be f #aj to #ah p] c5t ( z9c & f #b to #d p] c5t ( t94 ,9 po9t ( h>dness1 /atu>y bronze holds an int]m$iate position betwe5 g5u9e bronze & brass1 be+ h>d] & t\gh] ?an ! latt]1 b n s mu* s z ! =m]4 ,s9ce /atu>y bronze is us$ pr9cipally = arti/ic purposes1 mu* dep5ds ^u ! color4 ,?is c be v>i$ f pale yell[ to orange yell[ by slightly v>y+ ! cont5t ( t9 or z9c1 :i* mu/1 ( c\rse1 /ill be kept betwe5 ! limits giv5 above4 ,too mu* t9 makes ! alloy brittle & difficult to *isel2 ) too mu* z9c1 on ! o!r h&1 ! w>m tone ( color is lo/1 & ! bronze does n acquire a f9e pat9a4 ,! be/ proportions = /atu>y bronze are v def9itely kn[n at ! pres5t day2 yet x sometimes happ5s t l>ge ca/+s h n ! "r "*4 ,!y are ei!r defective 9 color1 or !y d n take on a f9e pat9a1 or !y are difficult to *isel4 ,^! ph5om5a may be due to ! use ( impure metals--conta9+ oxides1 iron1 lead1 etc4--or to improp] treatm5t ( ! alloy 9 melt+4 ,) ! mo/ c>eful "w possible1 !re is a consid]able loss 9 melt+--#c p] c5t at ! v lea/1 & sometimes z mu* z #aj4 ,?is is due to ! l>ge proportion ( z9c1 & x is evid5t t1 9 consequ5ce ( x1 ! nature ( ! alloy w be diff]5t f :at might be expect$ f ! quantities ( metals us$ 9 its manufacture4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t slight v>iations 9 composition quickly *ange ! color ( ! alloy4 ,! foll[+ table gives a s]ies ( alloys ( diff]5t colors1 suitable = /atu>y bronze3 ,copp] ,z9c ,t9 ,color ,i #hd4db #aa4bh #d4cj ,r$di% yell[ ,,ii #hd4jj #aa4jj #e4jj ,orange r$ ,,iii #hc4je #ac4jc #c4ib ,orange r$ ,,iv #hc4jj #ab4jj #e4jj ,orange r$ ,v #ha4je #ae4cb #c4fc ,orange yell[ ,,vi #ha4jj #ae4jj #d4jj ,orange yell[ ,,vii #gh4ji #ah4dg #c4dd ,orange yell[ ,,viii #gc4eh #bc4bg #c4ae ,orange yell[ ,,ix #gc4jj #bc4jj #d4jj ,pale orange ,x #gj4cf #bf4hh #b4gf ,pale yell[ ,,xi #gj4jj #bg4jj #c4jj ,pale yell[ ,,xii #fe4ie #ca4ef #b4di ,pale yell[ #eh ,p]haps ! mo/ satisfactory bronze metal is ! alloy us$ 9 ,france = m ?an a c5tury4 ,x conta9s #ia4fj p] c5t ( copp]1 #e4cc p] c5t ( z9c1 #a4gj p] c5t ( t91 & #a4cg p] c5t ( lead4 ,some:at m z9c is tak5 = articles to be gild$4 ,bismu? ,bronze4--,copp]1 #eb p>ts2 nickel1 #cj p>ts2 z9c1 #ab p>ts2 lead1 #e p>ts2 bismu?1 #a "p4 ,= metallic mirrors1 lamp reflectors1 etc4 ,gun ,bronze4--,see ,phosphor ,bronze "u ?is title4 ,japanese ,bronzes4--,! =mulas giv5 bel[ conta9 a l>ge p]c5tage ( lead1 :i* greatly improves ! pat9a4 ,! +r$i5ts & ! ratio ( _! p>ts = sev]al sorts ( mod]n ,japanese bronze foll[3 ,i4--,copp]1 #ha4fb p] c5t2 t91 #d4fa p] c5t2 lead1 #aj4ba p] c5t4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #gf4fj p] c5t2 t91 #d4ch p] c5t2 lead1 #aa4hh p] c5t2 z9c1 #f4ec p] c5t4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #hh4ee p] c5t2 t91 #b4db p] c5t2 lead1 #d4gb p] c5t2 z9c1 #c4bj p] c5t4 ,sometimes a little antimony is add$ j be=e ca/+1 & su* a composition w\ld be repres5t$ m ne>ly by ?is =mula3 ,,iv4--,copp]1 #fh4be p] c5t2 t91 #e4dg p] c5t2 z9c1 #h4hh p] c5t2 lead1 #ag4jf p] c5t2 antimony1 #j4cd p] c5t4 ,= imitation ,japanese bronze1 see ,plat+ "u ,bronz+4 ,ma*9e ,bronze4--,i4--,copp]1 #hi p] c5t2 t91 #aa p] c5t4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #hj p] c5t2 t91 #af p] c5t4 ,phosphor ,bronze4--,phosphor bronze is bronze conta9+ v>y+ am\nts ( phosphorus1 f a few hundr$?s ( #a p] c5t to #a or #b p] c5t4 ,bronze conta9+ simply copp] & t9 is v liable to be defective f ! pres5ce ( oxyg51 sulphur1 or occlud$ gases4 ,oxyg5 causes ! metal to be spongy & weak4 ,sulphur & occlud$ gases cause porosity4 ,oxyg5 gets into ! metal by absorption f ! air4 ,x c be elim9at$ by add+ to ! metal some?+ :i* comb9es ) ! oxyg5 & !n fluxes (f4 ,su* deoxidiz]s are z9c1 antimony1 alum9um1 manganese1 silicon1 & phosphorus4 ,sulphur & occlud$ gases c be elim9at$ by melt+ ! metal1 expos+ x to ! air1 & lett+ x ?us absorb "s oxyg51 :i* !n burns ! sulphur & gas4 ,! oxyg5 c !n be remov$ by add+ "o ( ! above-m5tion$ deoxidiz]s4 ,! important use ( phosphorus 9 bronze is1 !re=e1 to remove oxyg5 & also indirectly to de/roy occlud$ gas & sulphur4 ,a bronze is sometimes made ) an extra high p]c5tage ( phosphorus1 namely1 #f p] c5t4 ,?is alloy is made s z to h phosphorus 9 conv5i5t =m = use1 & ! process ( manufacture is z foll[s3 ,n9ety p\nds ( copp] are melt$ "u *>coal 9 a ,no4 #gj crucible1 :i* holds ab\t #bjj p\nds ( metal :5 full2 #aa p\nds ( t9 are add$ & ! metal is all[$ to become hot4 ,! crucible is !n remov$ f ! furnace & #g p\nds ( phosphorus are introduc$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,a #c-;gallon /one j>1 half full ( dilute solution ( blue vitriol1 is weigh$4 ,!n ! weights are increas$ #g p\nds1 & phosphorus 9 /icks ab\t #d in*es long is add$ till ! scales balance aga94 ,! phosphorus is left 9 ?is solution half an h\r or long]1 ! phosphorus be+ giv5 a coat+ ( copp]1 s t x may be dri$ & expos$ to ! air )\t ignit+4 ,h ready a pan ab\t #cj in*es squ>e & #f in*es deep1 conta9+ ab\t #b in*es ( wat]4 ,ov] ! wat] is a wire nett+1 :i* is laid loose on l$ges or supports along ! inn] sides ( ! pan4 ,on ! nett+ is blott+ pap]1 & on ?is ! phosphorus is laid to dry :5 tak5 out ( ! blue-vitriol solution4 ,! pan also has a lid :i* c be put d[n 9 case ( ignition ( ! phosphorus4 ,! phosphorus is n[ ready = introduction into ! metal4 ,?is is done by means ( a cup-%ap$ in/rum5t call$ a retort or phosphoriz]4 ,"o man holds ! retort on ! rim ( ! crucible 9 a horizontal position4 ,a second man takes ab\t ?ree pieces ( phosphorus & ?r[s !m into ! retort4 ,! fir/ man !n imm$iately plunges ! m\? ( ! retort bel[ ! surface ( ! metal be=e ! phosphorus has a *ance to fall or fl[ out4 ,( c\rse ! phosphorus imm$iately melts & also beg9s to volatilize4 ,z ! phosphorus comes 9 contact ) ! metal1 x comb9es ) x4 ,?is process is cont9u$ till all ! #g p\nds ( phosphorus has be5 put into ! metal4 ,! metal is !n p\r$ into slabs ab\t #c in*es by #d in*es by #a in* ?ick4 ,! metal is s h>d t a great] ?ickness w\ld make x difficult to break x up4 ,:5 f9i%$1 ! metal conta9s1 by analysis1 #f p] c5t ( phosphorus4 ,:5 phosphorus is to be add$ to metal1 a little ( ?is h>d5] is employ$4 ,copp] is a s(t1 ductile metal1 ) its melt+ po9t at ab\t #b1jjj ,f4 #ei ,molt5 copp] has ! m>k$ prop]ty ( absorb+ v>i\s gases4 ,x is = ?is reason t x is s difficult to make s\nd ca/+s ( cle> copp]4 ,molt5 copp] comb9es readily ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 =m+ oxide ( copp]1 :i* dissolves 9 ! copp] & mixes homog5e\sly ) x4 ,a ca/+ made f su* metal w\ld be v spongy4 ,! bad effect ( oxyg5 is int5d$ to be ov]come by add+ z9c to ! ext5t ( #a p] c5t or m4 ,?is result c be mu* m effectively atta9$ by ! use ( alum9um1 manganese1 or phosphorus4 ,! action ( ^! sub/ances is to comb9e ) ! oxyg51 & z ! product =m$ sep>ates & goes to ! surface1 ! metal is left 9 a s\nd condition4 ,alum9um & manganese deoxidize copp] & bronze v effectively1 & ! oxide =m$ goes to ! surface z a scum4 ,:5 a ca/+ is made f su* metal1 ! oxide or scum1 in/ead ( free+ itself f ! ca/+ p]fectly1 g5]ally rema9s 9 ! top "p ( ! ca/+ mix$ ) ! metal1 z a fractur$ surface w %[4 ,phosphorus deoxidizes copp]1 & ! oxide =m$ leaves ! metal 9 ! =m ( a gas1 s t a ca/+ made f su* metal %[s a clean fracture ?r\gh\t1 al?\gh ! metal is n s d5se z :5 alum9um or manganese is us$4 ,copp] also has ! prop]ty ( absorb+ or occlud+ c>bon monoxide4 ,b ! c>bonic oxide ?us absorb$ is 9 a diff]5t condition f ! oxyg5 absorb$4 ,:5 oxyg5 is absorb$ by copp]1 ! oxyg5 comb9es *emically ) ! copp] & loses its own id5tity z a gas4 ,b :5 coal gas is absorb$ by ! copp]1 x keeps its own physical id5tity & simply exi/s 9 ! copp] 9 a /ate ( solution4 ,all natural wat]s1 su* z lake wat]1 riv] wat]1 spr+ wat]1 etc41 conta9 air 9 solution or occlusion4 ,:5 su* wat] is cool$ & froz51 j at ! "t ( *ang+ f ! liquid to ! solid /ate1 ! dissolv$ gas sep>ates & =ms air bubbles1 :i* rema9 entangl$ 9 ! ice4 ,! c>bonic oxide :i* is dissolv$ or occlud$ 9 copp] acts 9 exactly ! same way4 ,hydrog5 acts 9 exactly ! same mann] z c>bonic oxide4 ,sulphur also has a bad effect ^u copp] & bronze4 ,sulphur comb9es ) copp] & o!r metals1 =m+ sulphide ( copp]1 etc4 ,:5 molt5 copp] or bronze conta9+ sulphur comes 9 contact ) air x absorbs "s oxyg51 & ?is 9 turn comb9es ) ! sulphur pres5t1 =m+ sulphur dioxide1 :i* is a gas :i* rema9s occlud$ 9 ! metal4 ,t9 is a s(t1 :ite metal1 melt+ at #ddj ,f4 ,t[>d gases x acts some?+ l copp]1 b n 9 s m>k$ a degree4 ,al?\gh copp] & t9 are bo? s(t1 yet :5 mix$ !y make a h>d] metal4 ,:5 bronze cools f ! molt5 /ate1 ! copp] & ! copp]-t9 alloy t5d to cry/allize by !mselves4 ,! quick] ! cool+ occurs ! less sep>ation w !re be1 & also ! fracture w be m homog5e\s 9 appe>ance4 ,gun bronze conta9s copp] & t9 9 ! proportion ( #i or #aj p>ts ( copp] to #a ( t94 ,?is is ! metal us$ :5 an ord9>y bronze ca/+ is want$4 ,a h>d] bronze is copp] & t9 9 ! ratio ( #f to #a4 ,?is is (t5 us$ z a be>+ metal4 ,:5 ei!r ( ^! metals is to be turn$ 9 ! ma*9e %op1 !y %\ld conta9 ab\t #c p] c5t ( lead1 :i* w make !m "w v mu* bett]1 b x also decreases _! t5sile /r5g?4 ,be>+ metal n[ g5]ally conta9s ab\t #aj p] c5t ( lead1 ) copp] & t9 9 v>y+ ratios4 ,! l>ge p]c5tage ( lead is put 9 t ! metal may we> away sl[]4 ,lead1 al?\gh a metal hav+ prop]ties simil> to t91 acts entirely diff]5t t[>d copp]4 ,copp] & t9 h a good deal ( aff9ity = ea* o!r1 b copp] & lead %[ no attraction at all = ea* o!r4 ,copp] & t9 mix 9 all proportions1 b copp] & lead mix only to a v limit$ ext5t4 ,ab\t #c p] c5t ( lead c be mix$ ) copp]4 ,) bronze ab\t #ae p] c5t to #bj p] c5t ( lead c be mix$4 ,9 be>+ bronze ! lead keeps its own physical prop]ties1 s t ! con/itu5t lead melts long be=e ! metal atta9s a r$ heat4 ,x sometimes happ5s :5 a be>+ runs w>m t ! lead actually sweats out & =ms pimples on ! metal4 ,or1 sometimes1 9 remelt+ a be>+ bronze ca/+ ! lead may be se5 to drop out :ile ! metal is w>m+ up4 ,all ( ^! metals1 h[ev]1 %\ld conta9 some?+ to flux or deoxidize !m1 su* z z9c1 manganese1 alum9um1 silicon1 antimony1 or phosphorus4 ,! phosphor bronze be>+ metal 9 vogue has ! foll[+ composition3 ,copp]1 #gi4g p] c5t2 t91 #aj p] c5t2 lead1 #aj p]c5t2 & phosphorus1 #j4c p] c5t4 ,melt #adj p\nds ( copp] 9 a ,no4 #gj pot1 cov]+ ) *>coal4 ,:5 copp] is all melt$1 add #ag #a_/b p\nds ( t9 to #ag #a_/b p\nds ( lead1 & all[ ! metal to become suffici5tly w>m1 b #fj n any hott] ?an is ne$$4 ,!n add #aj p\nds ( 8h>d5]0 7made z previ\sly describ$7 & /ir well4 ,remove f furnace1 skim (f ! *>coal1 cool ! metal ) gates to z l[ a temp]ature z is consi/5t ) gett+ a good ca/+1 /ir well aga91 & p\r4 ,! molds = ?is k9d ( "w are fac$ ) plumbago4 ,!re are sev]al firms t make phosphor-bronze be>+s ) a composition simil> to ! above "o1 & mo/ ( !m1 or p]haps all1 make x by melt+ ! metals & !n *>g+ ) phosphorus to ! ext5t ( #j4g to #a p] c5t4 ,b "s metal f all br&s conta9s occlud$ gas4 ,s t aft] su* metal is ca/ 79 ab\t two m9utes or s7 ! metal w ooze or sweat out ?r\gh ! gate1 & su* a ca/+ w be f\nd to be por\s4 ,b n "o su* exp]i5ce ) metal made z describ$ above has yet be5 f\nd4 ,?is practical po9t %\ld be he$$1 viz41 t pig phosphor bronze %\ld be br\ght to ! specifications t ! metal %\ld h %runk 9 ! +ot mold 9 cool+1 z %[n by ! concave surface ( ! upp] side1 & t x %\ld make a ca/+ 9 a s& mold )\t ris+ 9 ! gate aft] be+ p\r$4 ,9 be>+ metal1 occlud$ gas is v objectionable1 because ! gas1 9 try+ to free itself1 %oves ! v h>d copp]-t9 comp\nd 7:i* has a l[ melt+ po9t & rema9s liquid aft] ! copp] has begun to set7 into spots1 & ?us causes h>d spots 9 ! metal4 ,phosphorus is v dang]\s to h&le1 & !re is great risk f fire ) x1 s t _m w\ld n c>e to h&le ! phosphorus itself4 ,b phosphor copp] conta9+ #e p] c5t ( phosphorus1 & phosphor t9 conta9+ #b to #g p] c5t ( phosphorus1 & sev]al o!r su* alloys c be obta9$ 9 ! m>ket4 ,x may be sugge/$ to ^? :o wi% to make phosphor bronze1 b d n want to h&le phosphorus itself1 to make x by us+ ! prop] am\nts ( "o ( ^! high phosphorus alloys4 ,9 us+ phosphorus x is only necess>y to use en\gh to ?or\ghly deoxidize ! metal1 say #j4c p] c5t4 ,m ?an ?is w make ! metal h>d]1 b n any s\nd]4 ,phosphor bronze is n a special k9d ( alloy1 b any bronze c be made into phosphor bronze2 x is1 9 fact1 simply a deoxidiz$ bronze1 produc$ "u treatm5t ) phosphorus comp\nds4 ,al?\gh ! effect ( phosphorus 9 improv+ ! quality ( bronze has be5 kn[n = m ?an fifty ye>s1 x is only ( late t ! mode = prep>+ phosphor bronze has be5 p]fect$4 ,x is n[ manufactur$ 9 _m localities4 ,besides its action 9 r$uc+ ! oxides dissolv$ 9 ! alloy1 ! phosphorus ex]ts ano!r v mat]ial influ5ce ^u ! prop]ties ( ! bronze4 ,! ord9>y bronzes consi/ ( mixtures 9 :i* ! copp] is really ! only cry/alliz$ con/itu5t1 s9ce ! t9 cry/allizes ) great difficulty4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is dissimil>ity 9 ! nature ( ! two metals1 ! alloy is n s solid z x w\ld be if bo? 7 cry/alliz$4 ,! phosphorus causes ! t9 to cry/allize1 & ! result is a m homog5e\s mixture ( ! two metals4 ,if en\gh phosphorus is add$1 s t its pres5ce c be detect$ 9 ! f9i%$ bronze1 ! latt] may be consid]$ an alloy ( cry/alliz$ phosphor t9 ) copp]4 ,if ! cont5t ( phosphor is /ill m increas$1 a "p ( ! copp] comb9es ) ! phosphorus1 & ! bronze !n conta9s1 besides copp] & t91 comp\nds ( cry/alliz$ copp] phosphide ) phosphide ( t94 ,! /r5g? & t5acity ( ! bronze are n less5$ by a l>g] am\nt ( phosphorus1 & its h>dness is consid]ably increas$4 ,mo/ phosphor bronzes are equal 9 ?is respect to ! be/ /eel1 & "s ev5 surpass x 9 g5]al prop]ties4 ,! phosphorus is add$ to ! bronze 9 ! =m ( copp] phosphide or phosphide ( t91 ! two be+ sometimes us$ toge!r4 ,!y mu/ be specially prep>$ = ?is purpose1 & ! be/ me?ods w be "h giv54 ,copp] phosphide is prep>$ by heat+ a mixture ( #d p>ts ( sup]phosphate ( lime1 #b p>ts ( granulat$ copp]1 & #a "p ( f9ely pulv]iz$ coal 9 a crucible at a temp]ature n too high4 ,! melt$ copp] phosphide1 conta9+ #ad p] c5t ( phosphorus1 sep>ates on ! bottom ( ! crucible4 ,t9 phosphide is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,place a b> ( z9c 9 an aque\s solution ( t9 *loride4 ,! t9 w be sep>at$ 9 ! =m ( a sponge-l mass4 ,collect x1 & put x into a crucible1 ^u ! bottom ( :i* /icks ( phosphorus h be5 plac$4 ,press ! t9 tightly into ! crucible1 & expose to a g5tle heat4 ,cont9ue ! heat+ until flames ( burn+ phosphorus are no long] obs]v$ on ! crucible4 ,! pure t9 phosphide1 9 ! =m ( a co>sely cry/all9e mass1 t9-:ite 9 color1 w be f\nd on ! bottom ( ! crucible4 ,to prep>e ! phosphor bronze1 ! #fa alloy to be treat$ is melt$ 9 ! usual way1 & small pieces ( ! copp] phosphide & t9 phosphide are add$4 ,phosphor bronze1 prop]ly prep>$1 has ne>ly ! same melt+ po9t z t ( ord9>y bronze4 ,9 cool+1 h[ev]1 x has ! peculi>ity ( pass+ directly f ! liquid to ! solid /ate1 )\t fir/ becom+ ?ickly fluid4 ,9 a melt$ /ate x reta9s a p]fectly bright surface1 :ile ord9>y bronze 9 ?is condition is always cov]$ ) a ?9 film ( oxide4 ,if phosphor bronze is kept = a long "t at ! melt+ po9t1 !re is n any loss ( t91 b ! am\nt ( phosphorus is slightly dim9i%$4 ,! mo/ valuable prop]ties ( phosphor bronze are its extraord9>y t5acity & /r5g?4 ,x c be roll$1 hamm]$1 & /ret*$ cold1 & its /r5g? is ne>ly d\ble t ( ! be/ ord9>y bronze4 ,x is pr9cipally us$ 9 cases :]e great /r5g? & p[] ( resi/ance to outw>d influ5ces are requir$1 z1 = in/ance1 9 objects :i* are to be expos$ to ! action ( sea wat]4 ,phosphor bronze conta9+ ab\t #d p] c5t ( t9 is excell5tly well adapt$ = %eet bronze4 ,) n m ?an #e p] c5t ( t91 x c be us$1 =g$1 = fire>ms4 ,sev5 to #aj p] c5t ( t9 gives ! greate/ h>dness1 & su* bronze is especially suit$ to ! manufacture ( axle be>+s1 cyl9d]s = /eam fire eng9es1 cog:eels1 &1 9 g5]al1 = p>ts ( ma*9es :]e great /r5g? & h>dness are requir$4 ,phosphor bronze1 if expos$ to ! air1 soon becomes cov]$ ) a beautiful1 closely adh]+ pat9a1 & is !re=e well adapt$ to purposes ( art4 ,! am\nt ( phosphorus add$ v>ies f #j4be to #b4e p] c5t1 accord+ to ! purpose ( ! bronze4 ,! composition ( a numb] ( k9ds ( phosphor bronze is giv5 bel[3 ,copp] ,t9 ,z9c ,lead,iron,phosp- horus ,i4 #he4ee #i4he #c4gg #j4fbtrs4 #j4je ,,ii4 -- #d-ae -- #d-ae -- #j4e-c ,,iii4 -- #d-ae #h-bj #d-ae -- 4#be-b ,,iv4 #gg4heaa4jj #g4fe -- -- -- ,v4 #gb4ej #h4jjag4jj -- -- -- ,,vi4 #gc4ej #f4jjai4jj -- -- -- ,,vii4 #gd4ejaa4jjaa4jj -- -- -- ,,viii4 #hc4ej #h4jj #c4jj -- -- -- ,,ix4 #ij4cd #h4ij -- -- -- #j4gf ,x4 #ij4hf #h4ef -- -- -- #j4aif ,,xi4 #id4ga #d4ci -- -- -- #j4jec ,i = axle be>+s1 ,,ii & ,,iii = h>d] & s(t] axle be>+s1 ,,iv to ,,viii = railroad purposes1 ,,iv especially = valves ( locomotives1 ,v & ,,vi axle be>+s = wagons1 ,,vii = connect+ rods1 ,,viii = pi/on rods 9 hydraulic presses4 ,/eel ,bronze4--,copp]1 #fj2 f]romanganese 7conta9+ #gj to #hj p] c5t manganese71 #dj2 z9c1 #ae4 ,silicon ,bronze4--,silicon1 simil>ly to phosphorus1 acts z a deoxidiz+ ag5t1 & ! bronzes produc$ "u its influ5ce are v ductile & ela/ic1 d n ru/1 & are v /rong4 ,on acc\nt ( ^! qualities silicon bronze is mu* us$ = telegraph & telephone wires4 ,! process ( manufacture is simil> to t ( phosphor bronze2 ! silicon is us$ 9 ! =m ( copp] silicide4 ,"s good silicon bronzes are z foll[s3 ,i ,,ii ,copp] #ig4ab #ig4cg ,t9 #a4ad #a4cb ,z9c #a4aj #a4bg ,silicon #j4je #j4jg ,sun ,bronze4--,! alloy call$ sun bronze conta9s #aj p>ts ( alum9um1 #cj to #ej p>ts ( copp]1 & #dj to #fj p>ts ( cobalt4 ,! mixture kn[n by ! "n ( metall9e has #be p] c5t ( alum9um1 #cj ( copp]1 #aj ( iron1 & #ce ( cobalt4 ,^! alloys melt at a po9t approa*+ ! melt+ po9t ( copp]1 are t5aci\s1 ductile1 & v h>d4 ,tob9 ,bronze4--,?is alloy is ne>ly simil> 9 composition & prop]ties to ,delta metal4 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,copp] #fa4bjc #ei4jj #fa4bj #hb4fg ,z9c #bg4ddj #ch4dj #cg4ad #c4bc ,t9 #j4ijf #b4af #j4ij #ab4dj ,iron #j4ahj #j4aa #j4ah #j4aj ,lead #j4cei #j4ca #j4ce #b4ad ,silv] -- -- -- #j4jg ,phosphorus -- -- -- #j4jje ,! alloy m>k$ ,,iv is sometimes call$ deoxidiz$ bronze4 ,violet-color$ bronze is #ej p>ts copp] & #ej p>ts antimony4 ,,cadmium ,,alloys3 ,see also ,fusible ,alloys4 ,lip[itz's ,alloy4--,i4--,?is alloy is compos$ ( cadmium1 #c p>ts2 t91 #d2 bismu?1 #ae2 & lead1 #h4 ,! simple/ me?od ( prep>ation is to heat ! metals1 9 small pieces1 9 a crucible1 /irr+ con/antly1 z soon z fusion #fb beg9s1 ) a /ick ( h>d wood4 ,! /irr+ is important1 9 ord] to prev5t ! metals1 ^: specific gravity v>ies consid]ably1 f be+ deposit$ 9 lay]s4 ,! alloy s(t5s at #adj ,f4 & melts completely at #aeh ,f4 ,! color is silv]y :ite1 ) a lu/] l poli%$ silv]1 & ! metal c be b5t1 hamm]$1 & turn$4 ,^! prop]ties w\ld make x valuable = _m purposes :]e a beautiful appe>ance is ( special importance1 b on acc\nt ( ! consid]able am\nt ( cadmium & bismu? :i* x conta9s1 x is r exp5sive1 & !re=e limit$ 9 use4 ,ca/s ( small animals1 insects1 liz>ds1 etc41 h be5 prep>$ f x1 :i* 7 equal 9 %>pness to ! be/ galvanopla/ic "w4 ,pla/] ( ,p>is is p\r$ ov] ! animal to be ca/1 & aft] %>p dry+1 ! animal is remov$ & ! mold fill$ up ) ,lip[itz's metal4 ,! mold is plac$ 9 a vessel ( wat]1 & by heat+ to ! boil+ po9t ! metal is melt$ & deposit$ 9 ! f9e/ impressions ( ! mold4 ,?is alloy is mo/ excell5t = sold]+ t91 lead1 ,britannia metal1 & nickel1 be+ especially adapt$ to ! la/ two metals on acc\nt ( its silv]-:ite color4 ,b "h aga9 its co/l9ess prev5ts its g5]al use1 & *eap] alloys possess+ ! same prop]ties h be5 s\ght4 ,9 cases :]e ! silv]-:ite color & ! l[ melt+ po9t are n ( ! fir/ importance1 ! alloys giv5 bel[ may v well be us$ 9 ! place ( x4 ,,ii4--,cadmium alloy 7melt+ po9t1 #agj ,f473 ,cadmium1 #b p>ts2 t91 #c2 lead1 #aa2 bismu?1 #af4 ,,iii4--,cadmium alloy 7melt+ po9t1 #afg ,f473 ,cadmium1 #aj p>ts2 t91 #c2 lead1 #h2 bismu?1 #h4 ,cadmium alloys 7melt+ po9t1 #bjc ,f473 ,,iv ,v ,,vi ,cadmium #a #a #a p>ts ,t9 #b #c #a p>ts ,bismu? #c #e #b p>ts ,,vii4--,a v fusible alloy1 melt+ at #aej ,f41 is compos$ ( t91 #a or #b p>ts2 lead1 #b or #c2 bismu?1 #d or #ae2 cadmium1 #a or #b4 ,,viii4--,wood's alloy melts betwe5 #adj & #afa4e ,f4 ,x is compos$ ( lead1 #d p>ts2 t91 #b2 bismu?1 #e to #h2 cadmium1 #a to #b4 ,9 color x resembles plat9um1 & is malleable to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,,ix4--,cadmium alloy 7melt+ po9t1 #agi4e ,f473 ,cadmium1 #a "p2 lead1 #f p>ts2 bismu?1 #g4 ,?is1 l ! prec$+1 c be us$ = sold]+ 9 hot wat]4 ,x4--,cadmium alloy 7melt+ po9t1 #cjj ,f473 ,cadmium1 #b p>ts2 t91 #d2 lead1 #b4 ,?is is an excell5t s(t sold]1 ) a melt+ po9t ab\t #hf degrees bel[ t ( lead & t9 alone4 ,cadmium ,alloys ) ,gold1 ,silv]1 & ,copp]4--,i4--,gold1 #gej p>ts2 silv]1 #aff p>ts2 cadmium1 #hd p>ts4 ,a malleable & ductile alloy ( gre5 color4 ,,ii4--,gold1 #gej p>ts2 silv]1 #abe p>ts2 & cadmium1 #abe p>ts4 ,malleable & ductile alloy ( yell[i%-gre5 hue4 ,,iii4--,gold1 #gdf p>ts2 silv]1 #aad p>ts2 copp]1 #ig p>ts2 & cadmium1 #dc p>ts4 ,likewise a malleable & ductile alloy ( a peculi> gre5 %ade4 ,all ^! alloys are suitable = plat+4 ,z reg>ds _! production1 ea* mu/ be c>efully melt$ toge!r f its +r$i5ts 9 a cov]$ crucible l9$ ) coal du/1 or 9 a graphite crucible4 ,next1 ! alloy has to be remelt$ 9 a graphite crucible ) *>coal 7or ros9 p[d]7 & borax4 ,if1 9 spite !re(1 a consid]able portion ( ! cadmium %\ld h evaporat$1 ! alloy mu/ be re-fus$ once m ) an addition ( cadmium4 ,,alloys ,,= ,,ca/+ ,,co9s1 ,,m$allions1 ,,etc4 ,alloys :i* fulfill ! requirem5ts ( ! m$ali/1 & capable1 !re=e1 ( reproduc+ all details1 are ! foll[+3 ,i ,,ii ,t9 #c #f p>ts ,lead #ac #h p>ts ,bismu? #f #ad p>ts ,,iii4--,a s(t alloy suitable to take impressions ( woodcuts1 co9s1 metals1 engrav+s1 etc41 & :i* mu/ melt at a l[ degree ( heat1 is made out ( bismu?1 #c p>ts2 t91 #a #a_/b p>ts2 lead1 #b #a_/b p>ts2 & worn-out type1 #a "p4 ,acid-pro( ,alloy4--,?is alloy is *>act]iz$ by its p[] ( resi/+ ! action ( acids1 & is !re=e especially adapt$ to mak+ cocks1 pipes1 etc41 :i* are to come 9 contact ) acid fluids4 ,x is compos$ ( copp]1 z9c1 lead1 t91 iron1 nickel1 cobalt1 & antimony1 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 ,copp] #gd4ge p>ts ,z9c #j4fa p>ts ,lead #af4ce p>ts ,t9 #j4ia p>ts ,iron #j4dc p>ts ,nickel or ,cobalt #j4bd p>ts ,antimony #f4gh p>ts #fc ,albata ,metal4--,copp]1 #dj p>ts2 z9c1 #cb p>ts2 & nickel1 #h p>ts4 ,alf5ide ,metal4--,copp]1 #fj p>ts2 z9c1 #cj2 nickel1 #aj2 traces ( iron4 ,ba? ,metal4--,?is alloy is us$ especially 9 ,engl& = ! manufacture ( teapots1 & is v popul> ow+ to ! f9e :ite color x possesses4 ,x takes a high poli%1 & articles made f ?is alloy acquire 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ^u only be+ rubb$ ) a :ite clo?1 a p]man5t silv] lu/]4 ,! composition ( ,ba? metal is copp]1 #ee p>ts2 z9c1 #de p>ts4 ,baudo9 ,metal4--,?is is compos$ ( #gb p>ts ( copp]1 #af4f ( nickel1 #a4h ( cobalt1 #a ( z9c2 #a_/b p] c5t ( alum9um may be add$4 ,,ca/+ ,,copp]3 ,ma*t's ,yell[ ,metal4--,i4--,?is alloy consi/s ( #cc p>ts ( copp] & #be ( z9c4 ,x has a d>k gold5-yell[ color1 great t5acity1 & c be =g$ at a r$ heat1 prop]ties :i* make x especially suitable = f9e ca/+s4 ,,ii4--,yell[4--,copp]1 #fg to #gj p>ts2 z9c1 #cc to #cj p>ts4 ,,iii4--,r$4--,copp]1 #hb p>ts2 z9c1 #ah p>ts4 ,copp] ,ars5ic4--,ars5ic imp>ts to copp] a v f9e :ite color1 & makes x v h>d & brittle4 ,be=e ,g]man silv] 0 kn[n1 ^! alloys 7 sometimes us$ = ! manufacture ( su* ca/ articles z 7 n to come 9 contact ) iron4 ,:5 expos$ to ! air1 !y soon lose _! :it5ess & take on a br[ni% %ade4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is1 z well z ! poison\s "* ( ! ars5ic1 !y are v little us$ at ! pres5t "t4 ,alloys ( copp] & ars5ic are be/ prep>$ by press+ firmly into a crucible a mixture ( #gj p>ts ( copp] & #cj ( ars5ic 7! copp] to be us$ 9 ! =m ( f9e %av+s7 & fus+ ?is mixture 9 a furnace ) a good draught1 "u a cov] ( glass4 ,copp] ,iron4--,! alloys ( copp] & iron are little us$ 9 ! indu/ries ( ! pres5t day1 b x w\ld seem t 9 e>li] times !y 7 frequ5tly prep>$ = ! purpose ( giv+ a consid]able degree ( h>dness to copp]2 = 9 antique ca/s1 consi/+ pr9cipally ( copp]1 we regul>ly f9d l>ge quantities ( iron1 :i* leads to ! supposition t !y 7 add$ int5tionally4 ,^! alloys1 :5 ( a c]ta9 composition1 h consid]able /r5g? & h>dness4 ,) an increase 9 ! quantity ( ! iron ! h>dness increases1 b ! solidity is less5$4 ,a copp] & iron alloy ( consid]able /r5g?1 & at ! same "t v h>d1 is made ( copp]1 #ff p>ts2 iron1 #cd4 ,^! alloys acquire1 on exposure to air1 an ugly color incl9+ t[>d black1 & are !re=e n adapt$ = articles ( art4 ,copp] ,nickel4--,a4 ,morrell1 ( ,new ,york1 has obta9$ a pat5t on a nickel-copp] alloy :i* he claims is valuable on acc\nt ( its noncorrosive qualities1 !re=e mak+ x desirable = %ips1 boil] tubes1 & o!r uses :]e ! metal comes mu* 9 contact ) wat]4 ,! process ( mak+ ! metal is by smelt+ ore conta9+ sulphide ( nickel & copp]1 & besem]iz+ ! resultant matt]4 ,?is is calc9$ 9 ord] to obta9 ! nickel & copp] 9 ! =m ( oxides4 ,! latt] are r$uc$ 9 rev]b]at+ furnace ) c>bon1 or ! l1 s z to produce an alloy :i* pref]ably conta9s #b p>ts ( nickel & #a "p ( copp]4 ,delta ,metal4--,an alloy widely us$ = mak+ p>ts ( ma*9]y1 & also = arti/ic purposes1 is ! s-call$ ,delta metal4 ,?is is a v>iety ( brass h>d5$ ) iron2 "s manufactur]s add small quantities ( t9 & lead2 also1 9 "s cases1 nickel4 ,! foll[+ analysis ( ,delta metal 7f ! factory at ,dsseldorf7 w %[ its usual composition3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,v ,copp] #ee4id #ee4hj #ee4hbed4bbeh4fe ,z9c #da4fa #dj4jg #da4dadb4bech4ie ,lead #j4gb #a4hb #j4gf #a4aj #j4fg ,iron #j4hg #a4bh #j4hf #j4ii #a4fb ,manganese #j4ha #j4if #a4ch #a4ji -- ,nickel traces4traces4 #j4jf #j4af #j4aa ,phosphorus #j4jac #j4jaatraces4 #j4jb -- ,i is ca/1 ,,ii hamm]$1 ,,iii roll$1 & ,,iv hot-/amp$ metal4 ,delta metal is produc$ by heat+ z9c v /rongly 9 crucibles 7to ab\t #afjj ,f471 & add+ f]romanganese or 8spiegeleis510 produc+ an alloy ( #ie p] c5t z9c & #e p] c5t ( iron4 ,copp] & brass & a v small am\nt ( copp] phosphate are also add$4 #fd ,gong ,metal4--,a sonor\s metal = cymbals1 gongs1 & tam-tams consi/s ( #ajj p>ts ( copp] ) #be p>ts t94 ,ignite ! piece aft] x is ca/ & plunge x into cold wat] imm$iately4 ,production ( ,m9>g5t4--,?is alloy consi/s ( copp]1 #ejj p>ts2 nickel1 #cej2 tung/51 #be1 & alum9um1 #e4 ,! metal obta9$ possesses a h&some :ite color & greatly resembles silv]4 ,m9(or4--,! s-call$ ,m9(or metal is compos$ ( copp]1 t91 antimony1 z9c1 & iron 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 ,i ,,ii ,copp] #c4bf #d ,t9 #fg4ec #ff ,antimony #ag4jj #bj ,z9c #h4id #i ,iron -- #a ,m9>g5t & ,m9(or are sometimes us$ 9 ,engl& = purposes 9 :i* ! ord9>y ,britannia metal1 #b p>ts t9 & #a "p antimony1 might equally well be employ$2 ! latt] surpasses bo? ( !m 9 beauty ( color1 b !y are1 on ! o!r h&1 h>d]4 ,retz ,alloy4--,?is alloy1 :i* resi/s ! corrosive action ( alkalies & acids1 is compos$ ( #ae p>ts ( copp]1 #b4cd ( t91 #a4hb ( lead1 & #a ( antimony4 ,x c be utiliz$ 9 ! manufacture ( receiv]s1 = :i* porcela9 & ebonite are usually employ$4 ,ruoltz ,metal4--,?is comprises #bj p>ts ( silv]1 #ej ( copp]1 #cj ( nickel4 ,^! proportions may1 h[ev]1 v>y4 ,tissi]'s ,metal4--,?is alloy conta9s ars5ic1 is ( a beautiful tombac r$ color1 & v h>d4 ,its composition v>ies a great deal1 b ! peculi> alloy :i* gives ! "n is compos$ ( copp]1 #ig p>ts2 z9c1 #b p>ts2 ars5ic1 #a or #b4 ,x may be consid]$ a brass ) a v high p]c5tage ( copp]1 & h>d5$ by ! addition ( ars5ic4 ,x is sometimes us$ = axle be>+s1 b o!r alloys are equally suitable = ?is purpose1 & are to be pref]r$ on acc\nt ( ! abs5ce ( ars5ic1 :i* is always dang]\s4 ,,file ,,alloys4--,_m copp]-t9 alloys are employ$ = ! mak+ ( files :i*1 9 di/9ction f ! /eel files1 are designat$ composition files4 ,su* alloys h ! foll[+ compositions3 ,g5eva ,composition ,files4-- ,i ,,ii ,copp] #fd4d #fb ,t9 #ah4j #bj ,z9c #aj4j #aj ,lead #g4f #h ,vogel's ,composition ,files4-- ,,iii ,,iv ,v ,copp] #eg4j #fa4e #gc4j ,t9 #bh4e #ca4j #ai4j ,z9c #gh4j -- #h4j ,lead #g4j #h4e #h4j ,,vi4--,ano!r alloy = composition files is copp]1 #h p>ts2 t91 #b2 z9c1 #a1 & lead1 #a--;fus$ "u a cov] ( borax4 ,,easily ,,fusible ,,or ,,pla/ic ,,alloys4 7,^! h a fus+ po9t usually bel[ #cjj ,f47 7,see also ,sold]s47 ,i4 ,rose's ,alloy4--,bismu?1 #b p>ts2 lead1 #a "p2 t91 #a "p4 ,melt+ po9t1 #bjj ,f4 ,,ii4 ,d>cet ,alloy4--,?is is compos$ ( #h p>ts ( bismu?1 #e ( lead1 & #c ( t94 ,x melts at #agf ,f4 ,to imp>t great] fusibility1 #a_/af "p ( m]cury is add$2 ! fus+ is !n l[]$ to #adi ,f4 ,,iii4--,newton alloy melts at #bab ,f41 & is compos$ ( #e p>ts ( bismu?1 #b ( lead1 & #c ( t94 ,,iv4--,wood's ,metal4-- ,t9 #b p>ts ,lead #d p>ts ,bismu? #e to #h p>ts ,?is silv]y1 f9e-gra9$ alloy fuses betwe5 #aea & #afb ,f41 & is excell5tly adapt$ to sold]+4 ,v4--,bismu?1 #g p>ts2 lead1 #f p>ts2 cadmium1 #a "p4 ,melt+ po9t1 #ahj ,f4 ,,vi4--,bismu?1 #g to #h p>ts2 lead1 #d2 t91 #b2 cadmium1 #a to #b4 ,melt+ po9t1 #adi to #afj ,f4 ,o!r easily fusible alloys3 ,,vii ,,viii ,,ix ,lead #a #b #c ,t9 #a #b #c ,bismu? #a #a #a ,melt+ ,po9t #beh ,f4 #bhc #caa ,fusible ,alloys = ,electric ,in/allations4--,^! alloys are employ$ 9 electric in/allations z curr5t int]rupt]s4 ,s]v+ z conductors on a %ort l5g? ( circuit1 !y melt z soon z ! curr5t becomes too /rong4 ,foll[+ is ! composition ( "s ( ^! alloys4 ,fus+ temp]ature ,lead ,t9 ,bismu? ,cadmium ,i #bjc ,f4 #bej #ejj #ejj -- ,,ii #aic ,f4 #cig -- #ecb #ga ,,iii #afh ,f4 #cdd #id #ejj #fb ,,iv #aec ,f4 #bfj #adh #ebb #gj ,v #aej ,f4 #bdi #adb #eja #ajh ,,vi #ade ,f4 #bfg #acf #ejj #ajj #fe ,^! alloys are prep>$ by melt+ ! lead 9 a /e>9e ba? & add+ successively1 & dur+ ! cool+1 fir/1 ! cadmium2 second1 ! bismu?2 ?ird1 ! t94 ,x is absolutely necess>y to proce$ 9 ?is mann]1 s9ce ^! metals fuse at temp]atures rang+ f #hej ,f4 7= lead71 to #eea ,f4 7= t974 ,fusible ,safety ,alloys = ,/eam ,boil]s4-- ,melt+ ,atmos4 ,bismu?,lead,z9c po9t pressure ,i4 #h #e #c #bab ,f4 #a ,,ii4 #h #h #d #bce ,f4 #a4e ,,iii4 #h #h #c #bec ,f4 #b ,,iv4 #h #aj #h #bff ,f4 #b4e ,v4 #h #ab #h #bgj ,f4 #c ,,vi4 #h #af #ad #bhj ,f4 #c4e ,,vii4 #h #af #ab #bhe ,f4 #d ,,viii4 #h #bb #bd #cji ,f4 #e ,,ix4 #h #cb #cf #cbj ,f4 #f ,x4 #h #cb #bh #ccj ,f4 #g ,,xi4 #h #cj #bd #cdj ,f4 #h ,lip[itz ,metal4--,?is amalgam is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,melt 9 a di%1 cadmium1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 t91 #d p>ts2 bismu?1 #ae p>ts2 & lead1 #h p>ts1 add+ to ! alloy1 :ile /ill 9 fusion1 #b p>ts ( quicksilv] previ\sly heat$ to ab\t #bab ,f4 ,! amalgamation proce$s easily & smoo?ly4 ,! liquid mass 9 ! di%1 :i* %\ld be tak5 f ! fire imm$iately ^u ! introduction ( ! m]cury1 is /irr$ until ! cont5ts solidify4 ,:ile ,lip[itz alloy s(t5s already at #adj ,f4 & fuses p]fectly at #aeh1 ! amalgam has a /ill l[] fus+ po9t1 :i* lies ar\nd #adc #c_/e ,f4 ,?is amalgam is excell5tly adapt$ = ! production ( impressions ( v>i\s objects ( nature1 direct impressions ( leaves1 & o!r delicate p>ts ( plants hav+ be5 made ) its aid :i*1 9 po9t ( %>pness1 are equal to ! be/ pla/] ca/s & h a v pleas+ appe>ance4 ,! amalgam has a silv]-:ite color & a f9e gloss4 ,x is p]fectly con/ant to atmosph]ic influ5ces4 ,?is amalgam has also be5 us$ ) good success = ! mak+ ( small /atuettes & bu/s1 :i* are holl[ & c be readily gilt or bronz$ by electro-deposition4 ,! production ( small /atues is successfully c>ri$ out by mak+ a holl[ gypsum mold ( ! articles to be ca/ & heat+ ! mold ev5ly to ab\t #adj ,f4 ,a correspond+ quantity ( ! molt5 amalgam is !n p\r$ 9 & ! mold mov$ rapidly to & fro1 s t ! alloy is ?r[n aga9/ ! sides all ov]4 ,! %ak+ %\ld be cont9u$ until x is c]ta9 t ! amalgam has solidifi$4 ,:5 ! mold has cool$ (f x is tak5 ap>t & ! seams remov$ by means ( a %>p knife4 ,if ! op]ation is c>ri$ on correctly1 a *as+ ( ! ca/ mass becomes unnecess>y1 s9ce ! alloy fills out ! f9e/ depressions ( ! mold ) ! greate/ %>pness4 ,amalgam = ,pla/]4--,t91 #a "p2 bismu?1 #a "p2 m]cury1 #a "p4 ,melt ! bismu? & ! t9 toge!r1 & :5 ! two metals are 9 fusion add ! m]cury :ile /irr+4 ,= use1 rub up ! amalgam ) a little :ite ( egg & bru% l a v>ni% on ! pla/] articles4 ,pla/ic ,metal ,composition4--,i4 ,copp] oxide is r$uc$ by means ( hydrog5 or copp] sulphate by boil+ a solution ( ! same 9 wat] ) "s z9c fil+s 9 ord] to obta9 entirely pure copp]4 ,( ! copp] p[d] obta9$ 9 ?is mann]1 #bj1 #cj1 or #cf p>ts1 by weight1 accord+ to ! degree ( h>dness desir$ = ! composition 7! great] ! quantity ( copp] us$ ! h>d] w ! composition become71 are ?or\ghly moi/5$ 9 a ca/-iron or porcela9 mort> ) sulphuric acid ( #a4he specific gravity2 #gj p>ts1 by weight1 ( m]cury are !n add$ to ?is pa/e1 ! :ole be+ con/antly /irr$4 ,:5 all ! copp] has be5 ?or\ghly amalgamat$ ) ! m]cury1 ! sulphuric acid is wa%$ out aga9 ) boil+ wat]1 & 9 #ab h\rs aft] x has become cold ! composition w be s h>d t x c be poli%$4 ,x is imp]vi\s to ! action ( dilute acids1 alcohol1 e!r1 & boil+ wat]4 ,x conta9s ! same specific gravity1 alike 9 ! s(t or ! h>d condition4 ,:5 us$ z a cem5t1 x c at any "t be r5d]$ s(t & pla/ic 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,if appli$ :ile hot & pla/ic to ! deoxidiz$ surfaces ( two pieces ( metal1 ^! latt] w unite s firmly t 9 ab\t #aj or #ab h\rs ! metal may be subject$ to any me*anical process4 ,! prop]ties ( ?is composition r5d] x v useful = v>i\s purposes1 & x =ms a mo/ effective cem5t = f9e metal articles :i* _c be sold]$ 9 fire4 ,,ii4--,bismu?1 #e4e p>ts2 lead1 #c2 t91 #a4e4 ,,iii4 ,alloy d',homburg4--,bismu?1 #ff #c p>ts2 lead1 #c2 t91 #c4 ,?is alloy is fusible at #bea ,f41 & is ( a silv]y :ite4 ,x is employ$ = reproductions ( m$als4 ,,iv4 ,alloy ,val5t9e ,rose4--,bismu?1 #d to #f p>ts2 lead1 #b p>ts2 t91 #b to #c p>ts4 ,?is alloy fuses at #bab to #bej ,f4 ,v4 ,alloy ,rose pre4--,bismu?1 #b p>ts2 lead1 #b2 t91 #b4 ,?is alloy fuses at #aii ,f4 ,! rema9d] are pla/ic alloys = reproduc+ cuts1 m$als1 co9s1 etc43 ,,vi4--,bismu?1 #d p>ts2 lead1 #b p>ts2 t91 #a "p4 ,,vii4--,bismu?1 #c p>ts2 lead1 #c p>ts2 t91 #b p>ts4 ,,viii4--,bismu?1 #d p>ts2 lead1 #b p>ts2 t91 #b p>ts4 ,,ix4--,bismu?1 #e p>ts2 lead1 #b p>ts2 t91 #c p>ts4 ,x4--,bismu?1 #b p>ts2 lead1 #b p>ts2 t91 #b p>ts4 ,quick-,wat]4--,t ! amalgam may easily take hold ( bronze objects & rema9 !re1 x is cu/om>y to cov] ! p]fectly cleans$ & %9+ article ) a ?9 coat ( m]cury1 :i* is usually accompli%$ by dipp+ x into a s-call$ quick-wat] ba?4 ,9 ! =m ( m9ute globules ! m]cury imm$iately sep>ates itself f ! solution & cl+s to ! bronze object1 :i* !reupon pres5ts ! appe>ance ( be+ plat$ ) silv]4 ,aft] x has be5 well r9s$ 9 clean wat]1 ! amalgam may be ev5ly & )\t difficulty appli$ ) ! scrat* bru%4 ,?is quick-wat] 79 reality a solution ( m]cur\s nitrate71 is made 9 ! simple/ mann] by tak+ #aj p>ts ( m]cury & p\r+ ov] x #aa p>ts ( nitric acid ( a specific gravity equal to #a4cc2 n[ let x /& until e "p ( ! m]cury is dissolv$2 !n1 :ile /irr+ vigor\sly1 add #edj p>ts ( wat]4 ,?is solution mu/ be kept 9 clos$ flasks or bottles to prev5t impurities1 su* z du/1 etc41 f fall+ into x4 ,! prep>atory "w on ! object to be gild$ consi/s ma9ly 9 cleans+ x f e trace ( oxidation4 ,fir/1 x mu/ be well anneal$ by plac+ x 9 a b$ ( gl[+ coal1 c>e be+ ex]cis$ t ! heat+ be uni=m4 ,:5 cool$1 ?is piece is plung$ into a highly dilut$ sulphuric-acid ba? 9 ord] to dissolve 9 a measure ! oxide4 ,next x is dipp$ 9 a #cf nitric-acid ba?1 ( a specific gravity equal to #a4cc1 & bru%$ (f ) a long bru%2 x is n[ dipp$ into nitric acid into :i* a little lampblack & table salt h be5 ?r[n4 ,x is n[ ready = wa%+ 9 clean wat] & dry+ 9 unsoil$ sawdu/4 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance t ! surface to be gild$ %\ld appe> ( a pale yell[ t9t all ov]4 ,if x be too smoo? ! gold w n take hold easily1 & if x be too dull x w require too mu* gold to cov] x4 ,,gold ,,alloys3 ,color$ ,gold ,alloys4--,! alloys ( gold ) copp] h a r$di% t+e2 ^? ( gold ) silv] are :it]1 & an alloy ( gold1 silv]1 & copp] toge!r is di/+ui%$ by a gre5i% tone4 ,manufactur]s ( gold w>e make use ( ^! diff]5t colors1 "o piece be+ frequ5tly compos$ ( sev]al pieces ( v>y+ color4 ,bel[ are giv5 "s ( ^! alloys1 ) _! colors3 ,gold ,silv],copp],/eel,cadmium ,i4 #b4f #a4j -- -- -- ,,ii4 #ge4j #af4f -- -- #h4d ,,iii4 #gd4f #aa4d #i4g -- #d4c ,,iv4 #ge4j #ab4f -- -- #ab4e ,v4 #a4j #b4j -- -- -- ,,vi4 #d4j #c4j #a4j -- -- ,,vii4 #ad4g #g4j #f4j -- -- ,,viii4 #ad4g #i4j #d4j -- -- ,,ix4 #c4j #a4j #a4j -- -- ,x4 #aj4j #a4j #d4j -- -- ,,xi4 #a4j -- #a4j -- -- ,,xii4 #a4j -- #b4j -- -- ,,xiii4 #cj4j #c4j -- #b4j -- ,,xiv4 #d4j -- -- #a4j -- ,,xv4 #bi4j #aa4j -- -- -- ,,xvi4 #a4c -- -- #a4j -- ,nos4 ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iii1 & ,,iv are gre5 gold2 ,no4 ,v is pale yell[2 ,nos4 ,,vi1 ,,vii1 & ,,viii bright yell[2 ,nos4 ,,ix & ,x pale r$2 ,nos4 ,,xi & ,,xii bright r$2 ,nos4 ,,xiii1 ,,xiv1 & ,,xv gray2 :ile ,no4 ,,xvi exhibits a blui% t9t4 ,! f9i%$ gold w>e1 be=e be+ put ^u ! m>ket1 is subject$ to a special treatm5t1 consi/+ ei!r 9 ! simple pickl+ or 9 ! s-call$ color+1 :i* op]ation is conduct$ especially ) alloys ( l[ degree ( f95ess1 ! object be+ to give ! lay]s a sup]ficial lay] ( pure gold4 ,! pres5ce ( silv] consid]ably modifies ! color ( gold1 & ! jewel] makes use ( ?is prop]ty to obta9 alloys ( v>i\s %ades4 ,! foll[+ proportions are to be obs]v$1 viz43 #fg ,gold ,silv] ,copp] ,color ( ,gold p] p] p] #a1jjj #a1jjj #a1jjj ,i4 ,gre5 #gej #bej -- ,,ii4 ,dead leaves #gjj #cjj -- ,,iii4 ,sea gre5 #fjj #djj -- ,,iv4 ,p9k #gej #bjj #ej ,v4 ,engli% yell[ #gej #abe #abe ,,vi4 ,engli% :ite #gej #aej #ajj ,,vii4 ,:it] #gej #agj #hj ,,viii4 ,less :ite #gej #aij #fj ,,ix4 ,r$ #gej -- #bej ,o!r color$ gold alloys are ! foll[+3 ,x4 ,blue4--,f9e gold1 #ge2 iron1 #be4 ,,xi4 ,d>k ,gray4--,f9e gold1 #id2 iron1 #f4 ,,xii4 ,pale ,gray4--,f9e gold1 #aia2 iron1 #i4 ,,xiii4 ,cassel ,yell[4--,f9e gold1 #ge2 f9e silv]1 #ab #a_/b2 rose copp]1 #ab #a_/b4 ,! above figures are und]/ood to be by weight4 ,! gold sold]s1 kn[n 9 ,france "u ! names ( s\dures au qu>t 7#ac #a_/b c>at71 au ti]s 7#ab c>at71 & au deux 7#i c>at71 are compos$ ( #c1 #b1 or #a "p ( gold respectively1 ) #a "p ( an alloy consi/+ ( two-?irds silv] & "o-?ird copp]4 ,gold also =ms ) alum9um a s]ies ( alloys ( greatly v>y+ coloration1 ! mo/ curi\s ( !m1 compos$ ( #bb p>ts ( alum9um = #hh p>ts ( gold1 possess+ a pretty purple %ade4 ,b all ^! alloys1 ( a highly cry/all9e base1 are v brittle & _c be work$1 = :i* reason _! h&some color+s h n yet be5 capable ( be+ utiliz$4 ,enamel+ ,alloys4--,i4 ,transp>5t4--,?is alloy %\ld possess ! prop]ty ( transmitt+ rays ( light s z to give ! highe/ possible effect to ! enamel4 ,! alloy ( gold = transp>5t gre5 %\ld be pale2 a r$ or copp] alloy does n d = gre5 enamel1 ! copp] has a t5d5cy to d>k5 ! color & ?us take away a "p ( its brilliancy4 ,! foll[+ alloy = transp>5t gre5 possesses ab\t ! ne>e/ pr9t1 9 color1 to ! enamel--:i* %\ld repres5t1 z ne> z possible1 ! color & brilliancy ( ! em]ald--t c be arriv$ at3 ozs4 dwts4 grs4 ,f9e gold #j #ah #h ,f9e silv] #j #a #f ,f9e copp] #j #j #aj ,no borax mu/ be us$ 9 ! melt+ ( ?is alloy1 x be+ ( a m fusible nature ?an ! ord9>y alloy1 & w n take s high a heat 9 enamel+4 ,,ii4 ,r$ ,enamel4--,! enamel :i* =ms ?is color be+ ( a high] fus+ po9t1 if prop] c>e be n tak51 ! gold w melt fir/1 & ! "w become ru9$4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( r$ enamel1 ! color+ matt] is usually an oxide ( gold1 & ?is s raises ! temp]ature at :i* x melts t1 9 ord] to prev5t any mi%ap1 ! gold to be enamel$ on %\ld be :at is call$ a #bb-;c>at r$1 t is1 x %\ld conta9 a prepond]ance ( copp] 9 ! alloy+ mixture s z to raise ! fus+ po9t ( ! gold4 ,! =mula is3 ozs4 dwts4 grs4 ,f9e gold #j #ah #h ,f9e silv] #j #j #aj ,f9e copp] #j #a #f ,gold-leaf ,alloys4--,all gold made into leaf is m or less alloy$4 ,! gold us$ by ! goldbeat] is alloy$ accord+ to ! v>iety ( color requir$4 ,f9e gold is commonly suppos$ to be incapable ( be+ r$uc$ to ?9 leaves4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! case1 al?\gh its use = ord9>y purposes is undesirable on acc\nt ( its great] co/4 ,x also adh]es by contact ( "o leaf ) ano!r1 ?us caus+ spoil$ mat]ial & wa/$ labor2 b = "w expos$ to ! wea!r x is mu* pref]able1 z x is m durable & does n t>ni% or *ange color4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! pr9cipal classes ( leaf recogniz$ & ord9>ily prep>$ by beat]s ) ! proportion ( alloy !y conta93 ,gold ,silv] ,copp] grs4 grs4 grs4 ,i4 ,r$ gold #def-dfj -- #bj-bd ,,ii4 ,pale r$ #dfd -- #af ,,iii4 ,extra deep #def #ab #ab ,,iv4 ,deep #ddd #bd #ab ,v4 ,citron #ddj #cj #aj ,,vi4 ,yell[ #djh #gb -- ,,vii4 ,pale yell[ #chd #if -- ,,viii4 ,lemon #cfj #abj -- ,,ix4 ,gre5 or pale #cab #afh -- ,x4 ,:ite #bdj #bdj -- ,gold-,plate ,alloys4--,gold1 #ib p>ts2 copp]1 #h p>ts4 ,,ii4--,gold1 #hd p>ts2 copp]1 #af p>ts4 ,,iii4--,gold1 #ge p>ts2 copp]1 #be p>ts4 ,,imitation ,,gold4 ,i4--,"o hundr$ p>ts1 by weight1 ( copp] ( ! pure/ quality2 #ad ( z9c or t92 #f ( magnesia2 #c_/f ( sal ammoniac1 lime/one1 & cream ( t>t>4 ,! copp] is fir/ melt$1 !n ! magnesia1 sal ammoniac1 lime/one1 & cream ( t>t> 9 p[d] are add$ sep>ately & gradually4 ,! :ole mass is kept /irr$ = a half h\r1 ! z9c or t9 be+ dropp$ 9 piece by piece1 ! #fh /irr+ be+ kept up till !y melt4 ,f9ally ! crucible is cov]$ & ! mass is kept 9 fusion #ce m9utes &1 ! same be+ remov$1 ! metal is p\r$ into molds1 & is !n ready = use4 ,! alloy ?us made is said to be f9e-gra9$1 malleable1 takes a high poli%1 & does n easily oxidize4 ,,ii4--,an inv5tion1 pat5t$ 9 ,g]many1 cov]s a metallic alloy1 to take ! place ( gold1 :i*1 ev5 if expos$ = "s "t to ! action ( ammoniacal & acid vapors1 does n oxidize or lose its gold color4 ,x c be roll$ & work$ l gold & has ! appe>ance ( g5u9e gold )\t conta9+ ! slighte/ admixture ( t metal4 ,! alloy consi/s ( copp] & antimony 9 ! approximate ratio ( #ajj to #f1 & is produc$ by add+ to molt5 copp]1 z soon z x has rea*$ a c]ta9 degree ( heat1 ! said p]c5tage ( antimony4 ,:5 ! antimony has likewise melt$ & ent]$ into intimate union ) ! copp]1 "s *>coal a%es1 magnesium1 & lime sp> are add$ to ! mass :5 ! latt] is /ill 9 ! crucible4 ,,iii4 ,alum9um ,gold4--,?is alloy1 call$ ,nuremb]g gold1 is us$ = mak+ *eap gold w>e1 & is excell5t = ?is purpose1 z its color is exactly t ( pure gold1 & does n *ange 9 ! air4 ,articles made ( ,nuremb]g gold ne$ no gild+1 & reta9 _! color "u ! h>de/ usage2 ev5 ! fracture ( ?is alloy %[s ! pure gold color4 ,! composition is usually #ij p>ts ( copp]1 #b4e ( gold1 & #g4e ( alum9um4 ,,iv4--,imitation gold1 capable ( be+ work$ & drawn into wire1 consi/s ( #iej p>ts copp]1 #de alum9um1 & #b to #e ( silv]4 ,v4--,*ryso*alk is simil> 9 composition to ,mannheim gold3 ,i ,,ii ,copp] #ij4e #eh4fh ,z9c #g4i #dj4bb ,lead #a4f #a4ij ,9 color x resembles gold1 b quickly loses its beauty if expos$ to ! air1 on acc\nt ( ! oxidation ( ! copp]4 ,x c1 h[ev]1 be kept bright = a long "t by a coat+ ( colorless v>ni%1 :i* excludes ! air & prev5ts oxidation4 ,*ryso*alk is us$ = mo/ ( ! ord9>y imitations ( gold4 ,*eap wat* *a9s & jewelry are manufactur$ f x1 & x is widely us$ by ! manufactur]s ( imitation bronze ornam5ts4 ,mannheim ,gold or ,similor4--,mannheim gold is compos$ ( copp]1 z9c1 & t91 9 proportions ab\t z foll[s3 ,i ,,ii ,copp] #hc4g #hi4h ,z9c #i4c #i4i ,t9 #g4j #j4f ,x has a f9e yell[ color1 & 0 =m]ly mu* us$ 9 mak+ buttons & press$ articles resembl+ gold4 ,lat] alloys1 h[ev]1 surpass x 9 color1 & x has fall5 some:at into disuse4 ,"o v>iety ( ,mannheim gold1 s call$1 conta9s #a4dj p>ts ( brass 7composition #c ,cu#b #a ,zn7 to #aj ( copp] & #j4a ( z9c4 ,mosaic ,gold4--,?is is an alloy compos$--) slight deviations--( #ajj p>ts ( copp] & #ej to #ee ( z9c4 ,x has a beautiful color1 closely resembl+ t ( gold1 & is di/+ui%$ by a v f9e gra91 :i* makes x especially suitable = ! manufacture ( ca/+s :i* are aft]w>ds to be gild$4 ,! be/ me?od ( obta9+ a ?or\ghly homog5e\s mixture ( ! two metals is fir/ to put into ! crucible "o-half ( ! z9c to be us$1 place ! cov] ^u x1 & fuse ! mixture "u a cov] ( borax at z l[ a temp]ature z possible4 ,h ready ! o!r half ( ! z9c1 cut into small pieces & heat$ almo/ to melt+1 & :5 ! cont5ts ( ! crucible are liquid ?r[ x 91 a small portion at a "t1 /irr+ con/antly to effect z intimate a mixture ( ! metals z possible4 ,orede or ,orode 7,fr5* ,gold74--,! s-call$ ,fr5* gold1 :5 poli%$1 s closely resembles g5u9e gold 9 color t x c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f x4 ,besides its beautiful color1 x has ! valuable prop]ties ( be+ v ductile & t5aci\s1 s t x c easily be /amp$ into any desir$ %ape2 x also takes a high poli%4 ,x is frequ5tly us$ = ! manufacture ( spoons1 =ks1 etc41 b is unsuitable = ?is purpose on acc\nt ( ! l>ge am\nt ( copp] conta9$ 9 x1 r5d]+ x injuri\s to heal?4 ,! directions = prep>+ ?is alloy v>y greatly4 ,! products ( "s ,p>is factories %[ ! foll[+ composition3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,copp] #ij #hj4e #hf4ba ,z9c #aj #ad4e #ca4eb ,t9 -- -- #j4dh ,iron -- -- #j4bd ,a special receipt = orede is ! foll[+3 ,,iv4--,melt #ajj p>ts ( copp] & add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 #f p>ts ( magnesia1 #c4f ( sal ammoniac1 #a4h ( lime1 & #i ( crude t>t>4 ,/ir aga9 #fi ?or\ghly1 & add #ag p>ts ( granulat$ z9c1 & aft] mix+ x ) ! copp] by vigor\s /irr+ keep ! alloy liquid = "o h\r4 ,!n c>efully remove ! scum & p\r (f ! alloy4 ,p9*beck4--,?is 0 fir/ manufactur$ 9 ,engl&4 ,its d>k gold color is ! be/ imitation ( gold alloy$ ) copp]4 ,be+ v ductile1 x c easily be roll$ out into ?9 plates1 :i* c be giv5 any desir$ %ape by /amp+4 ,x does n readily oxidize1 & ?us fulfills all ! requirem5ts = mak+ *eap jewelry1 :i* is its pr9cipal use4 ,copp] #hh4h #ic4f ,z9c #aa4b #f4d ,or ,copp] #b4a #a4bh ,z9c -- #j4g ,brass #a4j #j4g ,palladium ,gold4--,alloys ( gold1 copp]1 silv]1 & palladium h a br[ni%-r$ color & are ne>ly z h>d z iron4 ,!y are sometimes 7al?\gh r>ely7 us$ = ! be>+s = ! axles ( ! :eels ( f9e wat*es1 z !y invite little friction & d n ru/ 9 ! air4 ,! composition us$ 9 ! ,swiss & ,engli% wat* factories consi/s usually ( gold #ah p>ts1 copp] #ac p>ts1 silv] #aa1 & palladium #f4 ,talmi ,gold4--,! "n ( talmi gold 0 fir/ appli$ to articles ( jewelry1 *a9s1 e>r+s1 bracelets1 etc41 br\ght f ,p>is1 & di/+ui%$ by beautiful workman%ip1 a l[ price1 & great durability4 ,lat]1 :5 ?is alloy _h acquir$ a consid]able reputation1 articles 7 introduc$ "u ! same "n1 b :i* 7 really made ( o!r metals1 & :i* reta9$ _! beautiful gold color only z long z !y 7 n us$4 ,! f9e v>ieties ( talmi gold are manufactur$ f brass1 copp]1 or tombac1 cov]$ ) a ?9 plate ( gold1 comb9$ ) ! base by roll+1 "u /rong pressure4 ,! plates are !n roll$ out by pass+ ?r\gh roll]s1 & ! coat+ n only acquires consid]able d5sity1 b adh]es s closely to ! base t ! metal w keep its beautiful appe>ance = ye>s4 ,( late1 _m articles ( talmi gold h be5 introduc$ ^: gold coat+ is produc$ by electroplat+1 & is 9 _m cases s ?9 t h>d rubb+ w br+ ?r\gh ! color ( ! base4 ,su* articles1 ( c\rse1 are n durable4 ,9 g5u9e talmi gold1 ! coat+1 ev5 ?\gh x may be ?91 adh]es v closely to ! base1 = ! reason t ! two metals are actually weld$ by ! roll+1 & also because alloy$ gold is always us$1 :i* is mu* h>d] ?an pure gold4 ,! pure gold ( electroplat+ is v s(t4 ,! composition ( "s v>ieties ( talmi gold are "h giv54 ,x w be se5 t ! cont5t ( gold v>ies greatly1 & ! durability ( ! alloy w1 ( c\rse1 correspond to ?is4 ,! alloys ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iii are g5u9e ,p>is talmi gold2 ,,iv1 ,v1 & ,,vi are electroplat$ imitations2 & ,,vii is an alloy ( a wrong composition1 to :i* ! gold does n adh]e firmly3 ,copp] ,z9c ,t9 ,iron ,gold ,i4 #hi4i #i4c -- -- #a4c ,,ii4 #ij4h #h4c -- -- #j4i ,,iii4 #ij4j #h4i -- -- #j4i ,,iv4 #ij4g #hi4j -- -- #j4e #hh4b #aa4d ,v4 #hg4e #ab4d -- -- #j4c #hc4a #ag4j ,,vi4 #ic4e #f4f -- -- #j4je #hd4e #ae4h ,,vii4 #hf4j #ab4j #a4a #j4c -- ,japanese ,alloys4--,9 ,japan "s specialties 9 metallic alloys are 9 use ( :i* ! composition is z foll[s3 ,%adke consi/s ( copp] ) f #a to #aj p] c5t ( gold4 ,articles made f ?is alloy are laid 9 a pickle ( blue vitriol1 alum1 & v]digris1 until !y acquire a blui%-black color4 ,gui-%i-bu-i*i is an alloy ( copp] conta9+ #cj to #ej p] c5t ( silv]4 ,x possesses a peculi> gray %ade4 ,mokume consi/s ( sev]al compositions4 ,?us1 ab\t #cj gold foils 7g5u9e7 are weld$ toge!r ) %adke1 copp]1 silv]1 & gui-%i-bu-i*i & pi]c$4 ,! pi]c$ holes are1 aft] firmly hamm]+ toge!r ! plates1 fill$ up ) ! above-nam$ pickle4 ,! f9e/ ,japanese brass consi/s ( #aj p>ts copp] & #h p>ts z9c1 & is call$ sia*u4 ,! bell metal k>a kane is compos$ ( copp] #aj p>ts1 t9 #aj p>ts1 iron #j4e "p1 & z9c #a4e p>ts4 ,! copp] is fir/ fus$1 !n ! rema9+ metals are add$ 9 rotation4 ,,g]man ,,silv] ,,or ,,arg5tan4 ,! composition ( ?is alloy v>ies consid]ably1 b f ! adjo9$ figures an av]age may be f\nd1 :i* w repres5t1 approximately1 ! normal composition3 ,copp] #ej to #ff p>ts ,z9c #ai to #ca p>ts ,nickel #ac to #ah p>ts ,! prop]ties ( ! diff]5t k9ds1 su* z _! color1 ductility1 fusibility1 #gj etc41 v>y ) ! proportions ( ! s+le metals4 ,= mak+ spoons1 =ks1 cups1 c&le/icks1 etc41 ! mo/ suitable proportions are #ej p>ts ( copp]1 #be ( z9c1 & #be ( nickel4 ,?is metal has a beautiful blue-:ite color1 & does n t>ni% easily4 ,g]man silv] is sometimes s brittle t a spoon1 if all[$ to fall ^u ! floor1 w break2 ?is1 ( c\rse1 indicates faulty composition4 ,b ! foll[+ table w %[ h[ ! "* ( ! alloy *anges ) ! v>y+ p]c5tage ( ! metals compos+ x3 ,copp] ,z9c ,nickel ,quality ,i4 #h #c4e #d ,f9e/ quality4 ,,ii4 #h #c4e #f ,beautiful1 b refractory4 ,,iii4 #h #f4e #c ,ord9>y1 readily fusible4 ,,iv4 #eb #bf4j #bb ,fir/ quality4 ,v4 #ei #cj4j #aa ,second quality4 ,,vi4 #fc #ca4j #f ,?ird quality4 ,! foll[+ analyses give fur!r p>ticul>s 9 reg>d to diff]5t k9ds ( ,g]man silv]3 ,= %eet ,copp] ,z9c ,nickel ,lead ,iron 7,fr5*7 #ej4j #ca4c #ah4g -- -- 7,fr5*7 #ej4j #cj4j #bj4j -- -- 7,fr5*7 #eh4c #be4j #af4g -- -- ,vi5na #ej4j #be4j #be4j -- -- ,vi5na #ee4f #bb4j #bb4j -- -- ,vi5na #fj4j #bj4j #bj4j -- -- ,b]l9 #ed4j #bh4j #ah4j -- -- ,b]l9 #ee4e #bi4a #ag4e -- -- ,engli% #fc4cd #ag4ja #ai4ac -- -- ,engli% #fb4dj #bb4ae #ae4je -- -- ,engli% #fb4fc #bf4je #aj4he -- -- ,engli% #eg4dj #be4 #ac4j -- #c4j ,*9ese #bf4c #cf4h #cf4h -- -- ,*9ese #dc4h #dj4f #ae4f -- -- ,*9ese #de4g #cf4i #ag4i -- -- ,*9ese #dj4d #be4d #ca4f -- #b4f ,ca/+s #dh4e #bd4c #bd4c #b4i -- ,ca/+s #ed4e #ba4h #ba4h #a4i -- ,ca/+s #eh4c #ai4d #ai4d #b4i -- ,ca/+s #eg4h #bg4a #ad4c #j4h -- ,ca/+s #eg4 #bj4j #bj4j #c4j -- ,9 "s k9ds ( ,g]man silv] are f\nd v>y+ quantities ( iron1 manganese1 t91 & v frequ5tly lead1 add$ = ! purpose ( *ang+ ! prop]ties ( ! alloy or *eap5+ ! co/ ( production4 ,b all ^! metals h a detrim5tal r ?an a b5eficial effect ^u ! g5]al "* ( ! alloy1 & especially less5 its p[] ( resi/ance to ! action ( dilute acids1 "o ( its mo/ valuable prop]ties4 ,lead makes x m fusible2 t9 acts some:at z 9 bronze1 mak+ x d5s] & m resonant1 & enabl+ x to take a high] poli%4 ,) iron or manganese ! alloy is :it]1 b x becomes at ! same "t m refractory & its t5d5cy t[>d brittl5ess is increas$4 ,,sub/itutes ,,= ,,g]man ,,silv]4 ,!re are _m =mulas = alloys :i* claim to be sub/itutes = ,g]man silv]2 b no "o ( !m has yet become an article ( g5]al comm]ce4 ,x w be suffici5t to note ^! mat]ials briefly1 giv+ ! composition ( ! mo/ important4 ,nickel ,bronze4--,?is is prep>$ by fus+ toge!r v highly purifi$ nickel 7#ii4e p] c5t7 ) copp]1 t91 & z9c4 ,a bronze is produc$ conta9+ #bj p] c5t ( nickel1 light-color$ & v h>d4 ,bismu? ,bronze4-- ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,copp] #be4j #de4j #fi4j #dg4j ,nickel #bd4j #cb4e #aj4j #cj4i ,antimony #ej4j -- -- -- ,bismu? #a4j #a4j #a4j #j4a ,t9 -- #af4j #ae4j #a4j ,z9c -- #ba4e #bj4j #ba4j ,alum9um -- -- #a4j -- ,i is h>d & v lu/r\s1 suitable = lamp reflectors & axle be>+s2 ,,ii is h>d1 resonant1 & n affect$ by sea wat]1 = p>ts ( %ips1 pipes1 telegraph wires1 & piano /r+s2 ,,iii & ,,iv are = cups1 spoons1 etc4 ,manganese ,arg5tan4-- ,copp] #eb to #ej p>ts ,nickel #ag to #ae p>ts ,z9c #e to #aj p>ts ,manganese #a to #e p>ts ,copp]1 ) #ae p] c5t phosphorus4 #c to #e p>ts ,readily ca/ = objects ( art4 ,aphtite4-- ,iron #ff p>ts ,nickel #bc p>ts ,tung/5 #d p>ts ,copp] #e p>ts ,arguzoid4-- ,copp] #ee4gh p>ts ,z9c #bc4aih p>ts ,nickel #ac4djf p>ts ,t9 #d4jce p>ts ,lead #c4edd p>ts ,silv] :ite1 almo/ ductile1 suit$ = arti/ic purposes4 #ga ,f]ro-,arg5tan4-- ,copp] #gj4j p>ts ,nickel #bj4j p>ts ,z9c #e4e p>ts ,cadmium #d4e p>ts ,resembles silv]2 work$ l ,g]man silv]4 ,silv] ,bronze4--,manganese1 #ah p] c5t2 alum9um1 #a4b p] c5t2 silicium1 #e p] c5t2 z9c1 #ac p] c5t2 copp]1 #fg4e p] c5t4 ,! electric resi/ance ( silv] bronze is great] ?an t ( ,g]man silv]1 h5ce x ought to be highly suitable = rheo/ats4 ,in/rum5t ,alloys4--,! foll[+ are suitable = physical & optical in/rum5ts1 metallic mirrors1 telescopes1 etc43 ,i4--,copp]1 #fb p>ts2 t91 #cc p>ts2 lead1 #e p>ts4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #hj2 antimony1 #aa2 lead1 #i4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #aj2 t91 #aj2 antimony1 #aj2 lead1 #dj4 ,,iv4--,copp]1 #cj2 t91 #ej2 silv]1 #b2 ars5ic1 #a4 ,v4--,copp]1 #ff2 t91 #cc4 ,,vi4--,copp]1 #fd2 t91 #bf4 ,,vii4--,/eel1 #ij2 nickel1 #aj4 ,,viii4--,plat9um1 #fj2 copp]1 #dj4 ,,ix4--,plat9um1 #de2 /eel1 #ee4 ,x4--,plat9um1 #ee2 iron1 #de4 ,,xi4--,plat9um1 #ae2 /eel1 #he4 ,,xii4--,plat9um1 #bj2 copp]1 #gi2 ars5ic1 #a4 ,,xiii4--,plat9um1 #fb2 iron1 #bh2 gold1 #aj4 ,,xiv4--,gold1 #dh2 z9c1 #eb4 ,,xv4--,/eel1 #ej2 rhodium1 #ej4 ,,xvi4--,plat9um1 #ab2 iridium1 #hh4 ,,xvii4--,copp]1 #hi4e2 t91 #h4e2 z9c1 #b4 ,,lead ,,alloys4 ,! foll[+ alloys1 pr9cipally lead1 are us$ = v>i\s purposes3 ,bibra ,alloy4--,?is conta9s #h p>ts ( bismu?1 #i ( t91 & #ch to #dj ( lead4 ,metallic ,c(f9s4--,t91 #dj p>ts2 lead1 #de p>ts2 copp]1 #ae p>ts4 ,plates = ,engrav+4--,i4--,lead1 #hd p>ts2 antimony1 #af p>ts4 ,,ii4--,lead1 #hf p>ts2 antimony1 #ad p>ts4 ,,iii4--,lead1 #hg p>ts2 antimony1 #ab p>ts2 copp]1 #a "p4 ,,iv4--,lead1 #ha p>ts2 antimony1 #ad p>ts2 t91 #e p>ts4 ,v4--,lead1 #gc p>ts2 antimony1 #ag p>ts2 z9c1 #aj p>ts4 ,,vi4--,t91 #ec p>ts2 lead1 #dc p>ts2 antimony1 #d p>ts4 ,h>d lead is made ( lead1 #hd p>ts2 antimony1 #af p>ts4 ,%eet ,metal ,alloy4-- ,t9 #ce p>ts ,lead #bej p>ts ,copp] #b4e p>ts ,z9c #j4e "p ,?is alloy has a f9e :ite color1 & c be readily roll$ into ?9 %eets4 ,= t reason x is well adapt$ = l9+ tea *e/s & = ! production ( tobacco & *ocolate wrapp]s4 ,! copp] & z9c are us$ 9 ! =m ( f9e %av+s4 ,! alloy %\ld be imm$iately ca/ into ?9 plates1 :i* c !n be pass$ ?r\gh rolls4 ,,magnetic ,,alloys4 ,alloys :i* c be magnetiz$ mo/ /rongly are compos$ ( copp]1 manganese1 & alum9um1 ! quantities ( manganese & alum9um be+ proportional to _! atomic weights 7#ee4j to #bg4a1 or ab\t #b to #a74 ,! maximum magnetization increases rapidly ) increase ( manganese1 b alloys conta9+ mu* manganese are exce$+ly brittle & _c be wr\ght4 ,! highe/ practicable proportion ( manganese at pres5t is #bd p] c5t4 ,^! magnetic alloys 7 /udi$ by ,h5sl]1 ,haupt1 & ,/>ck1 & ,gumli* has rec5tly exam9$ !m at ! ,physikalis*--te*nis*e ,rei*san/alt1 ) v rem>kable & int]e/+ results4 ,! two alloys exam9$ 7 compos$ z foll[s3 ,alloy ,i4--,copp]1 #fa4e p] c5t2 manganese1 #bc4e p] c5t2 alum9um1 #ae p] c5t2 lead1 #j4a p] c5t1 ) traces ( iron & silicon4 ,alloy ,,ii4--,copp]1 #fg4g p] c5t2 manganese1 #bj4e p] c5t2 alum9um1 #aj4g p] c5t2 lead1 #a4b p] c5t1 ) traces ( iron & silicon4 ,alloy ,,ii c\ld be work$ )\t difficulty1 b alloy ,i 0 s brittle t x broke "u ! hamm]4 ,a b> #g in*es long & #a_/d in* ?ick 0 obta9$ by gr9d+4 ,?is broke 9 two dur+ ! measurem5ts1 b1 =tunately1 )\t invalidat+ !m4 ,su* a mat]ial is evid5tly unsuit$ to practical uses4 ,! behavior ( magnetic alloys at high temp]atures is v peculi>4 ,alloy ,i is indiff]5t to temp]ature *anges1 :i* sc>cely affect its magnetic prop]ties1 b ! behavior ( alloy ,,ii is v diff]5t4 ,prolong$ heat+ to #bcj ,f4 produces a great increase 9 its capability ( magnetization1 :i*1 aft] #edd h\rs' heat+1 rises f #a4i to #c4b kilogauss1 #gb approa*+ ! /r5g? ( alloy ,i4 ,b :5 alloy ,,ii is heat$ to #cbi ,f41 its capability ( magnetization fails aga9 & ! mat]ial suff]s p]man5t injury1 :i* c be p>tly1 b n :olly1 cur$ by prolong$ heat+4 ,ano!r s+ul> ph5om5on 0 exhibit$ by bo? ( ^! alloys4 ,:5 a b> ( iron is magnetiz$ by an electric curr5t1 x acquires its full magnetic /r5g? almo/ in/antane\sly on ! closure ( ! circuit4 ,! magnetic alloys1 on ! contr>y1 d n atta9 _! full magnetization = sev]al m9utes4 ,9 "s ( ! exp]im5ts a gradual increase 0 obs]v$ ev5 aft] ! curr5t _h be5 fl[+ five m9utes4 ,9 magnetic /r5g? alloy ,i prov$ f> sup]ior to alloy ,,ii1 :i* conta9$ small] proportions ( manganese & alum9um4 ,alloy ,i %[$ magnetic /r5g?s up to #d4e kilogauss1 :ile ! highe/ magnetization obta9$ ) alloy ,,ii 0 only #a4i kilogauss4 ,b ev5 alloy ,,ii may be call$ /rongly magnetic1 = its maximum magnetization is ab\t "o-t5? t ( good wr\ght iron 7#ah to #bj kilogauss71 or "o-six? t ( ca/ iron 7#aj to #ab kilogauss74 ,alloy ,i is ne>ly equal 9 magnetic prop]ties to nickel1 :i* c be magnetiz$ up to ab\t #e kilogauss4 ,,manganese ,,alloys3 ,manganese bronze is a bronze depriv$ ( its oxide by an admixture ( manganese4 ,! manganese is us$ z copp] manganese conta9+ #aj to #cj p] c5t manganese & add$ to ! bronze to ! am\nt ( #j4e to #b p] c5t4 ,manganese ,copp]4--,! alloys ( copp] ) manganese h a beautiful silv]y color1 consid]able ductility1 great h>dness & t5acity1 & are m readily fusible ?an ord9>y bronze4 ,a special *>act]i/ic is t !y exactly fill out ! molds1 )\t ! =mation ( bl[holes1 & pres5t no difficulties 9 ca/+4 ,cupromanganese is suitable = _m purposes = :i* no?+ else b bronze c advantage\sly be us$1 & ! co/ ( its production is no great] ?an t ( g5u9e bronze4 ,9 prep>+ ! alloy1 ! copp] is us$ 9 ! =m ( f9e gra9s1 obta9$ by p\r+ melt$ copp] into cold wat]4 ,^! copp] gra9s are mix$ ) ! dry oxide ( manganese1 & ! mixture put into a crucible hold+ ab\t #ff p\nds4 ,en\gh space mu/ be left 9 ! crucible to all[ a ?ick cov] ( *>coal1 z ! manganese oxidizes easily4 ,! crucible is plac$ 9 a well-draw+ w9d furnace & subject$ to a /rong :ite heat4 ,! oxide ( manganese is completely r$uc$ to manganese1 :i* at once comb9es ) ! copp] to =m an alloy4 ,9 ord] to prev5t1 z f> z possible1 ! access ( air to ! fus+ mass1 x is advisable to cov] ! crucible ) a lid :i* has an ap]ture 9 ! c5t] = ! escape ( ! c>bonic oxide =m$ dur+ ! r$uction4 ,:5 ! r$uction is complete & ! metals fus$1 ! lid is remov$ & ! cont5ts ( ! crucible /irr$ ) an iron rod1 9 ord] to make ! alloy z homog5e\s z possible4 ,by repeat$ remelt+ ( ! cupromanganese a consid]able quantity ( ! manganese is reconv]t$ into oxide2 x is1 !re=e1 advisable to make ! ca/s directly f ! crucible4 ,:5 p\r$ out1 ! alloy rapidly solidifies1 & resembles 9 appe>ance good ,g]man silv]4 ,ano!r reason = avoid+ remelt+ is t ! crucible is /rongly attack$ by ! cupromanganese1 & c be us$ b a few times4 ,! be/ k9ds ( cupromanganese conta9 betwe5 #aj & #cj p] c5t ( manganese4 ,!y h a beautiful :ite color1 are h>d1 t\gh] ?an copp]1 & c be work$ "u ! hamm] or ) rolls4 ,"s v>ieties ( cupromanganese :i* are especially valuable = te*nical purposes are giv5 bel[3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,copp] #ge #fj #fe #fj ,manganese #be #be #bj #bj ,z9c -- #ae #e -- ,t9 -- -- -- #aj ,nickel -- -- #aj #aj ,mangan94--,?is is an alloy ( copp]1 nickel1 & manganese = electric resi/ances4 ,,mirror ,,alloys3 ,amalgams = ,mirrors4--,i4--,t91 #gj p>ts2 m]cury1 #cj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,= curv$ mirrors4 ,t91 #a "p2 lead1 #a "p2 bismu?1 #a "p2 m]cury1 #i p>ts4 ,,iii4--,= glass balls4 ,t91 #hj p>ts2 m]cury1 #bj p>ts4 ,,iv4--,metallic cem5t4 ,copp]1 #cj p>ts2 m]cury1 #gj p>ts4 ,v4--,mirror metal4--,copp]1 #ajj p>ts2 t91 #ej p>ts2 ,*9ese copp]1 #h p>ts2 lead1 #a "p2 antimony1 #a "p4 ,reflector ,metals4--,i4--7,coop]'s47 ,copp]1 #ce p>ts2 plat9um1 #f2 z9c1 #b2 t91 #af4e2 ars5ic1 #a4 ,on acc\nt ( ! h>dness ( ?is alloy1 x takes a v high poli%2 x is imp]vi\s to ! effects ( ! wea!r1 & is !re=e rem>kably #gc well adapt$ to ! manufacture ( mirrors = f9e optical in/rum5ts4 ,,ii4--7,duppl]'s47 ,z9c1 #bj p>ts2 silv]1 #hj p>ts4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #ff4bb p>ts2 t91 #cc4aa p>ts2 ars5ic1 #j4fg "p4 ,,iv4--,copp]1 #fd p>ts2 t91 #cb p>ts2 ars5ic1 #d p>ts4 ,v4--,copp]1 #hb4ah p>ts2 lead1 #i4bb p>ts2 antimony1 #h4fj p>ts4 ,,vi4--7,little's47 ,copp]1 #fi4ja p>ts2 t91 #cj4hb p>ts2 z9c1 #b4dd p>ts2 ars5ic1 #a4hc p>ts4 ,speculum ,metal4--,alloys consi/+ ( #b p>ts ( copp] & #a ( t9 c be v brilliantly poli%$1 & w s]ve = mirrors4 ,good speculum metal %\ld h a v f9e-gra9$ fracture1 %\ld be :ite & v h>d1 ! highe/ degree ( poli% dep5d+ ^u ^! qualities4 ,a composition to meet ^! requirem5ts mu/ conta9 at lea/ #ce to #cf p] c5t ( copp]4 ,attempts h frequ5tly be5 made to increase ! h>dness ( speculum metal by additions ( nickel1 antimony1 & ars5ic4 ,) ! exception ( nickel1 ^! sub/ances h ! effect ( caus+ ! metal to lose its high lu/] easily1 any consid]able quantity ( ars5ic 9 p>ticul> hav+ ?is effect4 ,! real speculum metal seems to be a comb9ation ( ! =mula ,cu#d,sn1 compos$ ( copp] #fh4ba p] c5t1 t9 #ca4g4 ,an alloy ( ?is nature is sometimes sep>at$ f ordnance bronze by incorrect treatm5t1 caus+ ! s-call$ t9 spots2 b ?is has n ! pure :ite color :i* di/+ui%es ! speculum metal conta9+ #ca4e p] c5t ( t94 ,by increas+ ! p]c5tage ( copp] ! color gradually %ades into yell[2 ) a l>g] am\nt ( t9 into blue4 ,x is dang]\s to increase ! t9 too mu*1 z ?is *anges ! o!r prop]ties ( ! alloy1 & x becomes too brittle to be work$4 ,bel[ is a table %[+ diff]5t compositions ( speculum metal4 ,! /&>d alloy is und\bt$ly ! be/4 ,copp] ,t9 ,z9c ,ars5ic ,silv] ,/&>d alloy #fh4ba #ca4g -- -- -- ,otto's alloy #fh4e #ca4e -- -- -- ,ri*>dson's alloy #fe4c #cj4j #j4g #b4 #b4 ,sollit's alloy #fd4f #ca4c #d4a ,nickel -- ,*9ese speculum metal #hj4hc -- -- #h4e ,antimony ,old ,roman #fc4ci #ai4je -- #ag4bi ,lead ,,palladium ,,alloys4 ,i4--,an alloy ( palladium #bd p>ts1 gold #hj1 is :ite1 h>d z /eel1 un*angeable 9 ! air1 & c1 l ! o!r alloys ( palladium1 be us$ = d5tal purposes4 ,,ii4--,palladium #f p>ts1 gold #ah1 silv] #aa1 & copp] #ac1 gives a r$di%-br[n1 h>d1 & v f9e-gra9$ alloy1 suitable = ! be>+s ( pivots 9 clock works4 ,! alloys ( mo/ ( ! o!r plat9um metals1 s call$1 are little us$ on acc\nt ( _! r>ity & co/l9ess4 ,iridium & rhodium give great h>dness to /eel1 b ! comm]cial rhodium & iridium /eel1 s call$1 frequ5tly conta9s n a trace ( ei!r4 ,! alloy ( iridium ) osmium has great h>dness & resi/ance & is recomm5d$ = pivots1 f9e in/rum5ts1 & po9ts ( %ip compasses4 ,palladium ,silv]4--,?is alloy1 compos$ ( #i p>ts ( palladium & #a ( silv]1 is us$ almo/ exclusively = d5tal purposes1 & is well suit$ to ! manufacture ( artificial tee?1 z x does n oxidize4 ,an alloy ev5 m frequ5tly us$ ?an ?is consi/s ( plat9um #aj p>ts1 palladium #h1 & gold #f4 ,palladium ,be>+ ,metal4--,?is alloy is extremely h>d1 & is us$ in/ead ( jewel be>+s 9 wat*es4 ,x is compos$ ( palladium #bd p>ts1 gold #gb1 silv] #dd1 copp] #ib4 ,,plat9um ,,alloys4 ,plat9um has usually be5 alloy$ ) silv] 9 goldsmi?'s "w1 #b p>ts silv] to #a ( plat9um be+ tak5 to =m ! favorite 8plat9um silv]40 ,! object has be5 to produce an alloy hav+ a :ite appe>ance1 :i* c be poli%$1 & at ! same "t has a l[ melt+ po9t4 ,9 addition to ?is plat9um alloy ! foll[+ are well kn[n3 ,i4--,a mixture ( #g p>ts plat9um ) #c p>ts iridium4 ,?is gives to plat9um ! h>dness ( /eel1 :i* c be /ill fur!r increas$ by tak+ #d p>ts ( iridium4 ,,ii4--,an alloy ( #i p>ts plat9um & #a "p iridium is us$ by ! ,fr5* 9 ! manufacture ( measur+ in/rum5ts ( great resi/+ p[]4 ,comp\nds ( copp]1 nickel1 cadmium1 & tung/5 are also us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( p>ts ( wat*es2 ! latt] acquire consid]able h>dness )\t becom+ magnetic or ru/+ l /eel4 ,,iii4--,= ?is purpose a comp\nd ( #gd #fb4ge p>ts plat9um1 #ah p>ts copp]1 #a4be p>ts cadmium1 & #ah p>ts nickel is mu* recomm5d$4 ,,iv4--,v ductile plat9um-copp] alloys h also be5 made1 e4 g41 ! s-call$ ,coop] gold1 consi/+ ( #c p>ts plat9um & #ac p>ts copp]1 :i* is almo/ equal to #ah-;c>at gold 9 reg>d to color1 f9i%1 & ductility4 ,if #d p] c5t ( plat9um is tak51 ^! latt] alloys acquire a rose-r$ color1 :ile a gold5-yell[ color c be produc$ by fur!r add+ f #a to #b p] c5t 79 all #e to #f p] c5t7 ( plat9um4 ,! la/-nam$ alloy is ext5sively us$ = ornam5ts1 likewise alloy ,v4 ,v4--,t5 p>ts plat9um1 #fj p>ts nickel1 & #bbj p>ts brass1 or #b p>ts plat9um1 #a "p nickel & silv] respectively1 #b p>ts brass1 & #e p>ts copp]2 ?is also gives a gold5-yell[ color4 ,,vi4--,= table ut5sils a favorite alloy is compos$ ( #a "p plat9um1 #ajj p>ts nickel1 & #aj p>ts t94 ,articles made ( ! latt] alloy are imp]vi\s to atmosph]ic action & keep _! poli% = a long "t4 ,pure :ite plat9um alloys h = "s "t be5 us$ 9 d5tal "w1 & !y h also prov$ s]viceable = jewelry4 ,,vii4--,a mixture ( #cj p>ts plat9um1 #aj p>ts gold1 & #c p>ts silv]1 or #g p>ts plat9um1 #b p>ts gold1 & #c p>ts silv]4 ,,viii4--,= enamel$ articles3 ,plat9um1 #ce p>ts2 silv]1 #fe p>ts4 ,fir/ fuse ! silv]1 !n add ! plat9um 9 ! spongy =m4 ,a good sold] = ?is is plat9um #hj p>ts1 copp] #bj p>ts4 ,,ix4--,= p5s3 ,plat9um1 #d p>ts2 silv]1 #c p>ts2 copp]1 #a "p4 ,plat9um ,gold4--,small quantities ( plat9um *ange ! *>act]i/ics ( gold 9 _m respects4 ,) a small p]c5tage ! color is noticeably light] ?an t ( pure gold1 & ! alloys are extremely ela/ic2 alloys conta9+ m ?an #bj p] c5t ( plat9um1 h[ev]1 almo/ entirely lose _! ela/icity4 ,! melt+ po9t ( ! plat9um-gold alloy is high1 & alloys conta9+ #gj p] c5t ( plat9um c be fus$ only 9 ! flame ( oxyhydrog5 gas1 l plat9um itself4 ,alloys ) a small] p]c5tage ( plat9um c be prep>$ 9 furnaces1 b require ! /ronge/ :ite heat4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! *ance ( an imp]fect alloy f too l[ a temp]ature1 x is always saf] to fuse !m ) ! oxyhydrog5 flame4 ,! alloys ( plat9um & gold h a some:at limit$ application4 ,^? :i* conta9 f #e to #aj p] c5t ( plat9um are us$ = %eet & wire 9 ! manufacture ( artificial tee?4 ,plat9um-,gold ,alloys = ,d5tal ,purposes4-- ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,plat9um #f #ad #aj ,gold #b #d #f ,silv] #a #f -- ,palladium -- -- #h ,plat9um ,silv]4--,an addition ( plat9um to silv] makes x h>d]1 b also m brittle1 & *anges ! :ite color to gray4 ,an alloy :i* conta9s only a v small p]c5tage ( plat9um is noticeably d>k] 9 color ?an pure silv]4 ,su* alloys are prep>$ "u ! "n ( plat9e au titre1 conta9+ betwe5 #ag & #ce p] c5t ( plat9um4 ,!y are almo/ exclusively us$ = d5tal purposes4 ,imitation ,plat9um4--,i4--,brass1 #ajj p>ts2 z9c1 #fe p>ts4 ,,ii4--,brass1 #abj p>ts2 z9c1 #ge p>ts4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #e p>ts2 nickel1 #d p>ts2 z9c1 #a #a_/b p>ts2 antimony1 #a "p2 lead1 #a "p2 iron1 #a "p2 t91 #a "p4 ,coop]'s ,p5 ,metal4--,?is alloy is especially well adapt$ to ! manufacture ( p5s1 on acc\nt ( its great h>dness1 ela/icity1 & p[] ( resi/ance to atmosph]ic influ5ces1 & w\ld c]ta9ly h sup]s$$ /eel if x 7 possible to produce x m *eaply ?an is ! case4 ,! compositions mo/ frequ5tly us$ = p5 metal are copp] #a "p1 plat9um #d1 & silv] #c2 or1 copp] #ba1 plat9um #ej1 & silv] #cf4 ,p5s h be5 manufactur$1 consi/+ ( sev]al sections1 ea* ( a diff]5t alloy1 suit$ to ! special purpose ( ! "p4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! sides ( ! p5 are made ( ! ela/ic composition j describ$2 ! upp] "p is ( an alloy ( silv] & plat9um2 & ! po9t is made ei!r ( m9ute cut rubies or ( an extremely h>d alloy ( osmium & iridium1 jo9$ to ! body ( ! p5 by melt+ 9 ! flame ( ! oxyhydrog5 bl[pipe4 ,! price ( su* p5s1 made ( exp5sive mat]ials & at ! co/ ( great labor1 is ( c\rse exce$+ly high1 b _! excell5t qualities repay ! extra exp5se4 ,!y are n 9 ! lea/ affect$ by any k9d ( ink1 are mo/ durable1 & c be us$ con/antly = ye>s )\t %[+ any signs ( we>4 ,! great h>dness & resi/ance to ! atmosph]e ( ,coop]'s alloys make !m v suitable = manufactur+ #ge ma!matical in/rum5ts :]e great precision is requir$4 ,x c sc>cely be calculat$ h[ long a *ronomet]1 = in/ance1 ^: :eels are con/ruct$ ( ?is alloy1 w run be=e %[+ any irregul>ities due to we>4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( su* in/rum5ts1 ! price ( ! mat]ial is n to be tak5 into acc\nt1 s9ce ! co/ ( ! labor 9 _! manufacture s f> exce$s ?is4 ,,pewt]4 ,?is is an alloy ( t9 & lead only1 or ( t9 ) antimony & copp]4 ,! fir/ is prop]ly call$ pewt]4 ,?ree v>ieties are kn[n 9 trade3 ,i 7,plate ,pewt]74--,f t91 #gi p] c5t2 antimony1 #g p] c5t2 bismu? & copp]1 ( ea* #b p] c5t2 fus$ toge!r4 ,us$ to make plates1 teapots1 etc4 ,takes a f9e poli%4 ,,ii 7,triple ,pewt]74--,f t91 #gi p] c5t2 antimony1 #ae p] c5t2 lead1 #f p] c5t2 z ! la/4 ,us$ = m9or articles1 syr+es1 toys1 etc4 ,,iii 7,ley ,pewt]74--,f t91 #hj p] c5t2 lead1 #bj p] c5t4 ,us$ = measures1 ink/&s1 etc4 ,accord+ to ! report ( a ,fr5* commission1 pewt] conta9+ m ?an #ah p>ts ( lead to #hb p>ts ( t9 is unsafe = measures = w9e & simil> liquors1 &1 inde$1 = any o!r ut5sils expos$ to contact ) food or bev]ages4 ,! legal specific gravity ( pewt] 9 ,france is #g4gfd2 if x be great]1 x conta9s an excess ( lead1 & is liable to prove poison\s4 ,! proportions ( ^! metals may be approximately det]m9$ f ! specific gravity2 b correctly only by an assay = ! purpose4 ,,silv] ,,alloys3 ,alum9um ,silv]4--,alum9um & silv] =m beautiful :ite alloys :i* are consid]ably h>d] ?an pure alum9um1 & take a v high poli%4 ,!y h ! advantage ov] copp] alloys ( be+ un*ang$ by exposure to ! air1 & ( reta9+ _! :ite color4 ,! prop]ties ( alum9um & silv] alloys v>y consid]ably accord+ to ! p]c5tage ( alum9um4 ,i4--,an alloy ( #ajj p>ts ( alum9um & #e p>ts ( silv] is v simil> to pure alum9um1 b is h>d] & takes a f9] poli%4 ,,ii4--,"o hundr$ & sixty-n9e p>ts ( alum9um & #e ( silv] make an ela/ic alloy1 recomm5d$ = wat* spr+s & dess]t knives4 ,,iii4--,an alloy ( equal p>ts ( silv] & alum9um is z h>d z bronze4 ,,iv4--,five p>ts ( alum9um & #a "p ( silv] make an alloy t is easily work$4 ,v4--,also alum9um1 #c p>ts1 & silv]1 #a "p4 ,,vi4 ,ti]s-,arg5t4--,?is alloy is prep>$ *iefly 9 ,p>is1 & us$ = ! manufacture ( v>i\s ut5sils4 ,z indicat$ by its "n 7"o-?ird silv]71 x consi/s ( #cc4cc p>ts ( silv] & #ff4ff p>ts ( alum9um4 ,its advantages ov] silv] consi/ 9 its l[] price & great] h>dness2 x c also be /amp$ & engrav$ m easily ?an ! alloys ( copp] & silv]4 ,,vii4--,?is is a h>d alloy :i* has be5 f\nd v useful = ! op]at+ lev]s ( c]ta9 ma*9es1 su* z ! spac+ lev] ( a typewrit]4 ,! metal n[ g5]ally us$ = ?is purpose by ! v>i\s typewrit] companies is 8alum9um silv]10 or 8silv] metal40 ,! proportions are giv5 z foll[s3 ,copp] #eg4jj ,nickel #bj4jj ,z9c #bj4jj ,alum9um #c4jj ,?is alloy :5 us$ on typewrit+ ma*9es is nickel-plat$ = ! sake ( ! fir/ appe>ance1 b s f> z corrosion is conc]n$1 nickel+ is unnecess>y4 ,! alloy is /iff & /rong & _c be b5t to any ext5t )\t break+1 especially if ! p]c5tage ( alum9um is increas$ to #c4e p] c5t2 x ca/s free f p9holes & bl[holes2 ! liquid metal completely fills ! mold1 giv+ %>p1 clean ca/+s1 true to patt]n2 its co/ is n great] ?an brass2 its color is silv] :ite1 & its h>dness makes x susceptible to a high poli%4 ,ars5ic4--,alloys :i* conta9 small quantities ( ars5ic are v ductile1 h a beautiful :ite color1 & 7 =m]ly us$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! manufacture ( tablew>e4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 suitable = ?is purpose1 on acc\nt ( ! poison\s "* ( ! ars5ic4 ,!y are compos$ usually ( #di p>ts ( silv]1 #di ( copp]1 & #b ( ars5ic4 ,*9a ,silv]4--,copp]1 #fe4bd p] c5t2 t91 #ai4eb p] c5t2 nickel1 #ac4jj p] c5t2 silv]1 #b4je p] c5t4 ,copp]-,silv]4--,:5 silv] is alloy$ ) copp] only "o proportion is kn[n :i* w give a uni=m ca/+4 ,! proportion is #gb p] c5t silv] to #bh p] c5t copp]4 ,) m silv] ?an #gb p] c5t ! c5t] ( a ca/ b> w be #gf ri*] ?an ! outside1 :i* *ills fir/2 :ile ) a less p]c5tage ?an #gb p] c5t ! c5t] ( ! b> w be poor] & ! outside ri*] ?an ! av]age4 ,?is *>act]i/ic ( silv]-copp] alloys is kn[n to metallurgi/s z 8segregation40 ,:5 nickel is add$ to ! silv] & copp]1 sev]al good alloys may be =m$1 z ! foll[+ ,fr5* compositions3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,silv] #cc #dj #bj ,copp] #cg-db #cj-dj #de-ee ,nickel #be-cj #bj-cj #be-ce ,! :it5+ ( alloys ( silv] & copp] is be/ accompli%$ by anneal+ ! alloy until x turns black on ! surface4 ,cool 9 a mixture ( #bj p>ts1 by weight1 ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid to #a1jjj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat] & leave !re9 = "s "t4 ,9 place ( ! sulphuric acid1 #dj p>ts ( potassium bisulphate may be us$ p] #a1jjj p>ts ( liquid4 ,repeat ! process if necess>y4 ,copp]1 ,silv]1 & ,cadmium ,alloys4--,cadmium add$ to silv] alloys gives great flexibility & ductility1 )\t affect+ ! :ite color2 ^! prop]ties are valuable 9 ! manufacture ( silv]-plat$ w>e & wire4 ,! proportions ( ! metals v>y 9 ^! alloys4 ,"s ( ! mo/ important v>ieties are giv5 bel[4 ,silv] ,copp] ,cadmium ,i4 #ihj #ae #e ,,ii4 #iej #ae #ce ,,iii4 #ijj #ah #hb ,,iv4 #hfj #bj #ahj ,v4 #fff #be #cji ,,vi4 #ffg #ej #bhd ,,vii4 #ejj #ej #dej ,9 prep>+ ^! alloys1 ! great volatility ( cadmium mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,x is cu/om>y to prep>e fir/ ! alloy ( silv] & copp]1 & add ! cadmium1 :i*1 z 9 ! case ( ! alloys ( silv] & z9c1 mu/ be wrapp$ 9 pap]4 ,aft] putt+ x 91 ! mass is quickly /irr$1 & ! alloy p\r$ imm$iately into ! molds4 ,?is is ! sure/ way to prev5t ! volatilization ( ! cadmium4 ,silv]1 ,copp]1 ,nickel1 & ,z9c ,alloys4--,^! alloys1 f ! metals conta9$ 9 !m1 may be *>act]iz$ z arg5tan or ,g]man silv] ) a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( silv]4 ,!y h be5 us$ = mak+ small co9s1 z 9 ! old] co9s ( ,switz]l&4 ,be+ q h>d1 !y h ! advantage ( we>+ well1 b soon lose _! beautiful :ite color & take on a disagreeable %ade ( yell[1 l poor brass4 ,! silv] conta9$ 9 !m c be rega9$ only by a labori\s process1 :i* is a great drawback to _! use 9 co9age4 ,! composition ( ! ,swiss fractional co9s is z foll[s3 #bj c5times #aj c5times #e c5times ,silv] #ae #aj #e ,copp] #ej #ee #fj ,nickel #be #be #be ,z9c #aj #aj #aj ,m\sset's ,alloy4--,copp]1 #ei4jf2 silv]1 #bg4ef2 z9c1 #i4eg2 nickel1 #c4db4 ,?is alloy is yell[i% ) a r$di% t+e1 b :ite on ! fractur$ surface4 ,x ranks next aft] ,arg5t-,ruolz1 :i* also conta9s sometimes c]ta9 quantities ( z9c1 & 9 ?is case may be class$ toge!r ) ! alloy j describ$4 ,! foll[+ alloys c be roll$ into %eet or drawn into wire3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,silv] #cc4c #cd #dj4j ,copp] #da4h #db #dd4f ,nickel #h4f #h #d4f ,z9c #af4c #af #aj4h ,japanese 7,gray7 ,silv]4--,an alloy is prep>$ 9 ,japan :i* consi/s ( equal p>ts ( copp] & silv]1 & :i* is giv5 a beautiful gray color by boil+ 9 a solution ( alum1 to :i* copp] sulphate & v]digris are add$4 ,! s-call$ 8mokum10 also a ,japanese alloy1 is prep>$ by plac+ ?9 plates ( gold1 silv]1 copp]1 & ! alloy j describ$ ov] ea* o!r & /ret*+ !m "u ! hamm]4 ,! cross sections ( ! ?9 plates obta9$ 9 ?is way %[ ! colors ( ! diff]5t metals1 :i* give !m a peculi> /rip$ appe>ance4 ,mokum is pr9cipally us$ = decorations ^u gold & silv] articles4 ,silv]-,z9c4--,silv] & z9c h great aff9ity = ea* o!r1 & alloys ( ^! two metals are !re=e easily made4 ,! requir$ quantity ( z9c1 wrapp$ 9 pap]1 is ?r[n into ! melt$ & /rongly heat$ silv]1 ! mass is ?or\ghly /irr$ ) an iron rod1 & at once p\r$ out into molds4 ,alloys ( silv] & z9c c be obta9$ :i* are bo? ductile & flexible4 ,an alloy consi/+ ( #b p>ts ( z9c & #a ( silv] closely resembles silv] 9 color1 & is q ductile4 ,) a l>g] proportion ( z9c ! alloy becomes brittle4 ,9 prep>+ ! alloy1 a some:at l>g] quantity ( z9c mu/ be tak5 ?an ! #gg f9i%$ alloy is int5d$ to conta91 z a small am\nt always volatilizes4 ,imitation ,silv] ,alloys4--,!re are a numb] ( alloys1 compos$ ( diff]5t metals1 :i* resemble silv]1 & may be briefly m5tion$ "h4 ,i4--,w>ne's metal is compos$ ( t9 #aj p>ts1 bismu? #g1 & cobalt #c4 ,x is :ite1 f9e-gra9$1 b q difficult to fuse4 ,,ii4--,tonca's metal conta9s copp] #e p>ts1 nickel #d1 t9 #a1 lead #a1 iron #a1 z9c #a1 antimony #a4 ,x is h>d1 difficult to fuse1 n v ductile1 & _c be recomm5d$4 ,,iii4--,trabuk metal conta9s t9 #hg4e1 nickel #e4e1 antimony #e1 bismu? #e4 ,,iv4--,t\run-,leon>d's metal is compos$ ( #ejj p>ts ( t9 & #fd ( bell metal4 ,v4--,silv]oid is an alloy ( copp]1 nickel1 t91 z9c1 & lead4 ,,vi4--,m9>g5t4 ,copp]1 #ajj p>ts2 nickel1 #gj p>ts2 tung/51 #e p>ts2 alum9um1 #a "p4 ,,vii4--,nickel1 #bc p>ts2 alum9um1 #e p>ts2 copp]1 #e p>ts2 iron1 #fe p>ts2 tung/51 #d p>ts4 ,,viii4--,argasoid4 ,t91 #d4jce2 lead1 #c4edd2 copp]1 #ee4ghj2 nickel1 #ac4djf2 z9c1 #bc4aih2 iron1 trace4 ,,sold]s3 ,see ,sold]s4 ,,/eel ,,alloys3 ,see also ,/eel4 ,= ,locomotive ,cyl9d]s4--,?is mixture consi/s ( #bj p] c5t /eel ca/+s1 old /eel spr+s1 etc42 #bj p] c5t ,no4 #b coke iron1 & #fj p] c5t scrap4 ,f ?is x is /at$ a good solid metal c be obta9$1 ! ca/+s be+ free f honeycomb+1 & f9i%+ bett] ?an ! ord9>y ca/-iron mixture1 ov] :i* x has ! advantage ( #bd p] c5t great] /r5g?4 ,its con/itu5ts are3 ,silicon1 #a4ea2 manganese1 #j4cc2 phosphorus1 #j4fe2 sulphur1 #j4jfh2 comb9$ c>bon1 #j4fb2 graphite1 #b4de4 ,nickel /eel is compos$ ( nickel #cf p] c5t1 /eel #fd p] c5t4 ,tung/5 /eel is crucible /eel ) #e to #ab p] c5t tung/54 ,,/]eotype ,,metal4 ,lead #b p>ts ,t9 #c p>ts ,bismu? #e p>ts ,! melt+ po9t ( ?is alloy is #aif ,f4 ,! alloy is r co/ly because ( ! am\nt ( bismu? :i* x conta9s4 ,! foll[+ mixtures are *eap]3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,t9 #a #c #a #b ,lead #a #e #a4e #b ,bismu? #b #h #c #e ,antimony -- -- -- #a ,,t9 ,,alloys3 ,alloys = ,d5ti/s' ,molds & ,dies4--,i4--,v h>d4 ,t91 #af p>ts2 antimony1 #a "p2 z9c1 #a "p4 ,,ii4--,s(t] ?an ! =m]4 ,t91 #h p>ts2 z9c1 #a "p2 antimony1 #a "p4 ,,iii4--,v h>d4 ,t91 #ab p>ts2 antimony1 #b p>ts2 copp]1 #a "p4 ,cadmium ,alloy1 ab\t ! ,h>dness ( ,z9c4--,t91 #aj p>ts2 antimony1 #a "p2 cadmium1 #a "p4 ,t9-,lead4--,t9 is "o ( ^? metals :i* is n at all susceptible to ! action ( acids1 :ile lead1 on ! o!r h&1 is v easily attack$ by !m4 ,9 su* alloys1 consequ5tly1 us$ = cook+ ut5sils1 ! am\nt ( lead mu/ be limit$1 & %\ld prop]ly n exce$ #aj or #ae p] c5t2 b cases h be5 kn[n 9 :i* ! s-call$ t9 conta9$ a ?ird "p1 by weight1 ( lead4 ,alloys conta9+ f #aj to #ae p] c5t ( lead h a beautiful :ite color1 are consid]ably h>d] ?an pure t91 & mu* *eap]4 ,_m alloys ( t9 & lead are v lu/r\s1 & are us$ = /age jewelry & mirrors = reflect+ ! light ( lamps1 etc4 ,an especially brilliant alloy is call$ 8,fahlun brilliants40 ,x is us$ = /age jewelry1 & consi/s ( #bi p>ts ( t9 & #ai ( lead4 ,x is p\r$ into molds facet$ 9 ! same way z diamonds1 & :5 se5 by artificial light1 ! effect is t ( diamonds4 ,o!r alloys ( t9 & lead are employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( toys4 ,^! mu/ fill ! molds well1 & mu/ also be *eap1 & !re=e z mu* z #ej p] c5t ( lead is us$4 ,toys c also be made f type metal1 :i* is ev5 *eap] ?an ! alloys ( t9 & lead1 b has ! disadvantage ( readily break+ if ! articles are %>ply b5t4 ,! alloys ( t9 & lead give v good ca/+s1 if %>p iron or brass molds are us$4 ,lead #ai p>ts ,t9 #bi p>ts ,?is alloy is v bright & possesses a p]man5t %e54 ,x is well adapt$ = ! mak+ ( artificial gems = /age use4 ,x is cu/om>y 9 c>ry+ out ! process to />t ) two p>ts ( t9 & "o "p ( lead4 ,t9 is add$ until a sample drop :i* is all[$ to fall ^u an iron plate =ms a mirror4 ,! artificial gems are produc$ by #gh dipp+ into ! molt5 alloy pieces ( glass cut to ! prop] %ape4 ,! t9 coat+ ( metal :i* adh]es to ! glass cools rapidly & adh]es t5aci\sly4 ,outw>dly ^! artificial gems appe> r\gh & gray1 b inw>dly !y are highly reflective & q deceptive :5 se5 9 artificial light4 ,if ! reflective surfaces be coat$ ) r$1 blue1 or gre5 anil9e1 v>i\s color$ effects c be obta9$4 ,in/ead ( fragile glass ! gems may be produc$ by means ( well-poli%$ pieces ( /eel or bronze4 ,o!r ,t9-,lead ,alloys4--,p]c5tage ( lead & specific gravity4 ,p4 ,c4 ,s4 ,g4 #j #g4bij #a #g4caf #b #g4cdb #c #g4cfi #d #g4cif #e #g4dbc #f #g4dej #g #g4dgg #h #g4eje #i #g4ecc #aj #g4efb #aa #g4eij #ab #g4fai #ac #g4fdh #ad #g4fgg #ae #g4gjf #af #g4gce #ag #g4gfd #ah #g4gid #ai #g4hbd #bj #g4hed #ba #g4hhe #bb #g4iaf #bc #g4idg #bd #g4igh #be #h4jji #bf #h4jda #bg #h4jgc #bh #h4aje #bi #h4acg #cj #h4afi #ca #h4bjb #cb #h4bce #cc #h4bfh #cd #h4cjb #ce #h4ccf #cf #h4cgi #cg #h4dje #ch #h4ddj #ci #h4dgf #dj #h4eab #da #h4edh #db #h4ehd #dc #h4fba #dd #h4feh #de #h4fie #df #h4gcb #dg #h4ggj #dh #h4hjh #di #h4hdf #ej #h4hhd #fj #i4bii #gj #i4gcf #hj #aj4bbe #ij #aj4gfg #ajj #aa4cgj ,t9 ,/atuettes1 ,buttons1 etc4-- ,i4--,t9 #d p>ts ,lead #c p>ts ,?is is a v s(t sold] :i* %>ply reproduces all details4 ,ano!r easily fusible alloy b some:at h>d]1 is ! foll[+3 ,,ii4--,t94 #h p>ts ,lead #f p>ts ,antimony #j4e "p ,miscellane\s ,t9 ,alloys4--,i4--,alg] ,metal4--,t91 #ij p>ts2 antimony1 #aj p>ts4 ,?is alloy is suitable z a protector4 ,,ii4 ,arg5t9e ,metal4--,t91 #he4e p] c5t2 antimony1 #ad4e p] c5t4 ,,iii4--,a%b]ry metal is compos$ ( #gh to #hb p>ts ( t91 #af to #bj ( antimony1 #b to #c ( copp]4 ,,iv4 ,qu5's ,metal4--,t91 #i p>ts2 lead1 #a "p2 antimony1 #a "p2 bismu?1 #a "p4 ,type ,metal4--,an alloy :i* is to s]ve = type metal mu/ be readily ca/1 fill out ! molds %>ply1 & be z h>d z possible4 ,x is difficult to satisfy all ^! requirem5ts1 b an alloy ( antimony & lead answ]s ! purpose be/4 ,at ! pres5t day !re are a great _m =mulas = type metal 9 :i* o!r metals besides lead & antimony are us$1 ei!r to make ! alloy m readily fusible1 z 9 ! case ( additions ( bismu?1 or to give x great] p[] ( resi/ance1 ! latt] be+ ( especial importance = types t are subject$ to con/ant use4 ,copp] & iron h be5 recomm5d$ = ?is purpose1 b ! fusibility ( ! alloys is greatly impair$ by ^!1 & ! manufacture ( ! types is consequ5tly m difficult ?an ) an alloy ( lead & antimony alone4 ,9 ! foll[+ table "s alloys suitable = ca/+ type are giv53 ,lead ,antimony ,copp] ,bismu? ,z9c ,t9 ,nickel ,i #c #a -- -- -- -- -- ,,ii #e #a -- -- -- -- -- ,,iii #aj #a -- -- -- -- -- ,,iv #aj #b -- #a -- -- -- ,v #gj #ah #b -- -- #aj -- ,,vi #fj #bj -- -- -- #bj -- ,,vii #ee #be -- -- -- #bj -- ,,viii #ee #cj -- -- -- #ae -- ,,ix #ajj #cj #h #b -- #bj #h ,x #f -- #d -- #ij -- -- ,! ,fr5* & ,engli% types conta9 a c]ta9 am\nt ( t91 z %[n by ! foll[+ analyses3 ,engli% ,types ,fr5* ,types ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,lead #fi4b #fa4c #ee4j #ee ,antimony #ai4e #ah4h #bb4g #cj ,t9 #i4a #bj4b #bb4a #ae ,copp] #a4g -- -- -- ,l$ebur gives ! composition ( type metal z foll[s3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,lead #ge #fj #hj #hb ,antimony #bc #be #bj #ad4h ,t9 #bb #ae -- #c4b ,,wat*mak]s' ,,alloys3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,:ite ,,metals4 ,! s-call$ :ite metals are employ$ almo/ exclusively = be>+s4 7,see ,anti-friction ,metals "u ,alloys47 ,9 ! te*nology ( me*anics an accurate di/9ction is made betwe5 ! diff]5t k9ds ( metals = be>+s2 & !y may be class$ 9 two gr\ps1 r$ brass & :ite metal4 ,! #gi r$-brass be>+s are *>act]iz$ by great h>dness & p[] ( resi/ance1 & are pr9cipally us$ = be>+s ( heavily load$ & rapidly revolv+ axles4 ,= ! axles ( l>ge & heavy fly:eels1 revolv+ at great spe$1 be>+s ( r$ brass are pref]able to :ite metal1 ?\gh m exp5sive4 ,9 rec5t ye>s _m ma*9i/s h f\nd x advantage\s to sub/itute = ! s(t alloys g5]ally 9 use = be>+s a metal almo/ z h>d z ! axle itself4 ,phosphor bronze 7q4 v47 is frequ5tly employ$ = ?is purpose1 z x c easily be made z h>d z wr\ght or ca/ /eel4 ,9 ?is case ! metal is us$ 9 a ?9 lay]1 & s]ves only1 z x 71 to fill out ! small int]/ices caus$ by we> on ! axle & be>+1 ! latt] be+ usually made ( "s r easily fusible alloy ( lead & t94 ,su* be>+s are v durable1 b exp5sive1 & c only be us$ = l>ge ma*9es4 ,= small ma*9es1 runn+ g5tly & uni=mly1 :ite-metal be>+s are pref]r$1 & d excell5t "w1 if ! axle is n too heavily load$4 ,= axles :i* h a high rate ( revolution1 be>+s made ( q h>d metals are *os51 & ) prop] c>e--:i*1 inde$1 mu/ be giv5 to be>+s ( any mat]ial--!y w la/ = a long "t )\t ne$+ repair4 ,,:ite ,,metal ,,= ,,be>+4 ,t9 ,antimony ,z9c ,iron ,lead ,copp] ,i ,g]man1 light loads #he4jj #aj4jj -- -- -- -- -- -- #e4jj ,,ii ,g]man1 light loads #hb4jj #aa4jj -- -- -- -- -- -- #g4jj ,,iii ,g]man1 light loads #hj4jj #ab4jj -- -- -- -- -- -- #h4jj ,,iv ,g]man1 light loads #gf4jj #ag4jj -- -- -- -- -- -- #g4jj ,v ,g]man1 light loads #c4jj #a4jj #e4jj -- -- #c4jj #a4jj ,,vi ,g]man1 heavy loads #ij4jj #h4jj -- -- -- -- -- -- #b4jj ,,vii ,g]man1 heavy loads #hf4ha #g4fb -- -- -- -- -- -- #e4eg ,,viii ,engli%1 heavy loads #ag4dg -- -- #gf4ad -- -- -- -- #e4fb ,,ix ,engli%1 m$ium loads #gf4gj #ae4ej -- -- -- -- -- -- #g4hj ,x ,engli%1 m$ium loads #gb4jj #bf4jj -- -- -- -- -- -- #b4jj ,,xi ,= mills #ae4jj -- -- #dj4jj -- -- #db4jj #c4jj ,,xii ,= mills -- -- #a4jj #e4jj -- -- #e4jj -- -- ,,xiii ,= mills -- -- #a4jj #aj4jj -- -- #b4jj -- -- ,,xiv ,heavy axles #gb4gj #ah4bj -- -- -- -- -- -- #i4aj ,,xv ,heavy axles #ch4jj #f4jj #dg4jj -- -- #d4jj #a4jj ,,xvi ,rapidly revolv+ axles #ag4jj #gg4jj -- -- -- -- -- -- #f4jj ,,xvii ,v h>d metal #ee4jj -- -- -- -- #gj4jj -- -- #b4ej ,,xviii ,v h>d metal #ab4jj #hb4jj #b4jj -- -- -- -- #d4jj ,,xix ,*eap metal #b4jj #b4jj #hh4jj -- -- -- -- #h4jj ,,xx ,*eap metal #a4ej #a4ej #ij4jj -- -- -- -- #g4jj ,o!r :ite be>+ metals are3 ,,xxi4--,t91 #h4e2 antimony1 #aj2 copp]1 #e p>ts4 ,,xxii4--,t91 #db2 antimony1 #af2 lead1 #db p>ts4 ,,xxiii4--,t91 #gb2 antimony1 #bf2 copp]1 #b p>ts4 ,,xxiv4--,t91 #ha2 antimony1 #ab4e2 copp]1 #f4e p>ts4 ,:ite ,metals ,bas$ on ,copp]4-- ,i4--,copp]1 #fe p>ts2 ars5ic1 #ee p>ts4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #fd p>ts2 ars5ic1 #ej p>ts4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #aj p>ts2 z9c1 #bj p>ts2 nickel1 #cj p>ts4 ,,iv4--,nickel1 #gj p>ts2 copp]1 #cj p>ts2 z9c1 #bj p>ts4 ,v4--,nickel1 #fj p>ts2 copp]1 #cj p>ts2 z9c1 #cj p>ts4 ,,vi4--,copp]1 #h p>ts2 nickel1 #d p>ts2 z9c1 #d p>ts4 ,,vii4--,copp]1 #aj p>ts2 nickel1 #e p>ts2 z9c1 #e p>ts4 ,,viii4--,copp]1 #h p>ts2 nickel1 #c p>ts2 z9c1 #d p>ts4 ,,ix4--,copp]1 #ej p>ts2 nickel1 #be p>ts2 z9c1 #be p>ts4 ,x4--,copp]1 #ee p>ts2 nickel1 #bd p>ts2 z9c1 #ba p>ts4 ,,xi4--,copp]1 #ee p>ts2 nickel1 #bd p>ts2 z9c1 #af p>ts2 iron1 #b p>ts2 t91 #c p>ts4 ,,ix1 ,x1 & ,,xi are suitable = tablew>e4 ,,xii4--,copp]1 #fg p>ts1 & ars5ic1 #ec p>ts4 ,,xiii4--,copp]1 #fc p>ts1 & ars5ic1 #eg p>ts4 ,,xii & ,,xiii are bright gray1 unaffect$ by ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat]2 !y are fusible at r$ heat4 ,:ite ,metals ,bas$ on ,plat9um4-- ,i4--,plat9um1 #a "p2 copp]1 #d p>ts2 or plat9um1 #a #a_/b p>ts2 copp]1 #c #a_/b p>ts4 ,,ii4--,plat9um1 #aj p>ts2 t91 #ij p>ts2 or plat9um1 #h p>ts2 t91 #ib p>ts4 ,,iii4--,plat9um1 #g p>ts2 copp]1 #ac p>ts2 t91 #hj p>ts4 ,,iv4--,plat9um1 #b p>ts2 /eel1 #ih p>ts4 ,v4--,plat9um1 #b4e p>ts2 /eel1 #ig4e p>ts4 ,,iv & ,v are = gun metal4 ,miscellane\s ,:ite-,metal ,alloys4-- ,i4--,= l9+ cross-head slides3 ,lead1 #fe p>ts2 antimony1 #be p>ts2 copp]1 #aj p>ts4 ,"s object to :ite metal conta9+ lead or z9c4 ,x has be5 f\nd1 h[ev]1 t lead & z9c h prop]ties ( great use 9 ^! alloys4 ,,ii4--,t91 #he p>ts2 antimony1 #g #a_/b p>ts2 copp]1 #g #a_/b p>ts4 ,,iii4--,t91 #ij p>ts2 copp]1 #c p>ts2 antimony1 #g p>ts4 #hj ,,z9c ,,alloys3 ,bid]y ,metal4--,?is is sometimes compos$ ( #ca p>ts ( z9c1 #b p>ts ( copp]1 & #b p>ts ( lead2 ! :ole is melt$ on a lay] ( ros9 or wax to avoid oxidation4 ,?is metal is v resi/ive2 x does n oxidize 9 air or moi/ure4 ,x takes its "n f ! t[n ( ,bid]1 ne> ,hyd]abad 7,india71 :]e x 0 prep>$ = ! fir/ "t indu/rially = ! manufacture ( diff]5t ut5sils4 ,o!r compositions ( ,indian ,bid]y metal 7frequ5tly imitat$ 9 ,engl&7 are ab\t z foll[s3 ,p4,c4 ,p4,c4 ,p4,c4 ,copp] #c4e #aa4d #af ,z9c #ic4d #hd4c #aab ,t9 -- #a4d #b ,lead #c4a #b4i #d ,erh>dt recomm5ds ! foll[+ z be+ bo? ductile & h>d3 ,z9c #hi to #ic ,t9 #i to #f ,lead #b to #d ,copp] #b to #d ,! t9 is fir/ melt$1 & ! lead1 z9c1 & copp] add$ successively4 ,z9c-,nickel4--,z9c1 #ij p>ts2 nickel1 #aj p>ts4 ,us$ 9 p[d] =m = pa9t+ & clo? pr9t+ purposes4 ,plat9e = ,dress ,buttons4--,copp]1 #dc p>ts2 z9c1 #eg p>ts4 ,,unclassifi$ ,,alloys3 ,alloys = ,draw+ ,colors on ,/eel4--,alloys ( v>i\s composition are successfully us$ = draw+ colors on /eel4 ,to draw to a /raw color use #b p>ts ( lead & #a "p ( t91 & melt 9 an iron ladle4 ,hold ! /eel piece to be drawn 9 ! alloy z x melts & x w turn to /raw color4 ,?is mixture melts at a temp]ature ( ab\t #dcg ,f4 ,= d>k] yell[ use #i p>ts ( lead to #d p>ts ( t91 :i* melts at #deh ,f4 ,= purple1 use #c p>ts ( lead to #a "p ( t91 ! melt+ temp]ature be+ #dhb ,f4 ,= violet1 use #i p>ts ( lead to #b p>ts ( t91 :i* melts at #did ,f4 ,lead )\t any alloy w draw /eel to a d>k blue4 ,! above apply to /eel only s9ce iron requires a some:at great] heat & is m or less unc]ta9 9 h&l+4 ,alloy = ,patt]n ,lett]s & ,figures4--,a good alloy = ca/+ patt]n lett]s & figures & simil> small p>ts ( brass1 iron1 or pla/] molds1 is made ( lead #hj p>ts1 & antimony #bj p>ts4 ,a bett] alloy w be lead #gj p>ts1 antimony & bismu? ea* #ae p>ts4 ,to insure p]fect "w ! molds %\ld be q hot by plac+ !m ov] a ,buns5 burn]4 ,alloy = ,calip] & ,gage-,rod ,ca/+s4--,a mixture ( #cj p>ts z9c to #gj p>ts alum9um gives a light & durable alloy = gage rods & calip] legs2 ! gage rods mu/ be /eel tipp$1 = ! alloy is s(t & we>s away too rapidly = gage po9ts4 ,alloys = ,small ,ca/+ ,molds4--,t91 #ge p>ts1 & lead1 #bb p>ts2 or #ge p>ts ( z9c & #be p>ts ( t92 or #cj p>ts ( t9 & #gj p>ts ( lead2 or #fj p>ts ( lead & #dj p>ts ( bismu?4 ,,alloys ,,= ,,metal ,,foil3 ,see ,metal ,foil4 ,,almond ,,cold ,,cream3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,almond ,,liqueurs3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,alt>s1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,alum3 ,burnt ,alum4--,i4--,heat ! alum 9 a porcela9 di% or o!r suitable vessel till x liquefies1 !n raise & cont9ue ! heat1 n all[+ x to exce$ #djj1 till aque\s vapor ceases to be dis5gag$1 & ! salt has lo/ #dg p] c5t ( its weight4 ,r$uce ! residue to p[d]1 & pres]ve x 9 a well-/opp]$ bottle4--,cooley4 ,,ii4--,heat ord9>y alum 7alum9a alum7 ) con/ant /irr+ 9 an iron pan 9 :i* x w fir/ melt quietly1 & !n comm5ce to =m bli/]s4 ,cont9ue heat+ until a dry :ite mass ( a loose "* rema9s1 :i* is p[d]$ & kept 9 well-clos$ glasses4 ,,alum ,,ba?3 ,see ,photography4 ,alum9um & its ,treatm5t ,,h[ ,,to ,,color ,,alum9um3 ,blan*+ ( ,alum9um4--,alum9um is "o ( ! metals mo/ inalt]able by air2 nev]!less1 ! objects ( alum9um t>ni% quickly en\gh )\t be+ #ha alt]$4 ,!y may be re/or$ to _! mat :it5ess 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,imm]se ! alum9um articles 9 a boil+ ba? ( cau/ic pota%2 next plunge !m quickly into nitric acid1 r9se & let dry4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ?is me?od is applicable only to pieces entirely ( alum9um4 ,decoloriz$ ,alum9um4--,gray or unsightly alum9um may be re/or$ to its :ite color by wa%+ ) a mixture ( #cj p>ts ( borax dissolv$ 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 ) a few drops ( ammonia add$4 ,mat ,alum9um4--,9 ord] to imp>t to alum9um ! appe>ance ( mat silv]1 plunge ! article into a hot ba? compos$ ( a #aj-p]-c5t solution ( cau/ic soda saturat$ ) kit*5 salt4 ,leave x 9 ! ba? = #ae to #bj seconds1 !n wa% & bru%2 put back into ! ba? = half a m9ute1 wa% anew & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,to ,black5 ,alum9um4--,i4--,! surface ( ! %eet to be color$ is poli%$ ) v f9e em]y p[d] or f9e/ em]y clo?4 ,aft] poli%+ p\r a ?9 lay] ( olive oil ov] ! surface & heat sl[ly ov] an alcohol flame4 ,l>ge %eets mu/1 ( c\rse1 be heat$ 9 ! dry+ ov54 ,aft] a %ort :ile p\r on oil aga91 9 ord] to obta9 absolute uni=mity ( ! coat+1 & heat ! plate once m4 ,"u ! action ( ! heat ! plate turns fir/ br[n1 !n black1 accord+ to ! degrees ( heat4 ,:5 ! desir$ coloration has be5 atta9$1 ! plate is poli%$ ov] aga91 aft] cool+1 ) a wool5 rag or s(t lea!r4 ,,ii4--,:ite ars5ic #a ounce ,sulphate ( iron #a ounce ,hydro*loric acid #ab ounces ,wat] #ab ounces ,:5 ! ars5ic & iron are dissolv$ by ! acid add ! wat]4 ,! alum9um to be black5$ %\ld be well clean$ ) f9e em]y p[d] & wa%$ be=e imm]s+ 9 ! black5+ solution4 ,:5 ! deposit ( black is deep en\gh dry (f ) f9e sawdu/ & lacqu]4 ,decorat+ ,alum9um4--,a process = decorat+ alum9um1 pat5t$ 9 ,g]many1 prescribes t ! objects be fir/ corrod$1 :i* is usually done ) cau/ic soda lye1 or1 bett] /ill1 by a new me?od :i* consi/s 9 heat+ #c p>ts ( sulphuric acid ) #a "p ( wat] to #adj to #aeh ,f41 9 an enamel$ vessel4 ,into ?is liquid dip ! alum9um articles1 r9s+ !m (f clean & !n dry+ !m well4 ,! corrod$ articles are n[ plac$ 9 a ba? consi/+ ( #a1jjj p>ts ( alcohol 7#ij p] c5t71 #a4ej p>ts ( antimony1 #bej p>ts ( *emically pure hydro*loric acid1 #ajj p>ts ( mangan\s nitrate1 & #bj p>ts ( purifi$ & f9ely elutriat$ graphite4 ,9 ?is ba?1 :i* is heat$ to #hf-ie ,f41 ! objects are left until fumes develop ar\nd !m1 :i* takes place 9 a few seconds4 ,n[ !y are put ov] a coal fire or simil> arrangem5t until ! alcohol is burn$ up & !re is no m smoke4 ,aft] !y are some:at cool$ (f1 !y are laid into cold wat] & work$ ) a bru%1 !n r9s$ ) wat] & well dri$4 ,! pieces are n[ provid$ ) a gray metallic coat+1 consi/+ ma9ly ( antimony1 manganese1 & graphite4 ,?is metallic lay] r5d]s !m capable ( receiv+ a lacqu] :i* is be/ prep>$ f #a1jjj p>ts ( alcohol 7#ij p] c5t71 #ej p>ts ( s&>ac1 #ajj p>ts ( %ellac1 & #ajj p>ts ( nigros9e 7black anil9e color74 ,!n ! articles are quickly b ?or\ghly r9s$ (f1 dri$ 9 w>m$ air = a few m9utes1 & bak$ 9 ov5s or ov] a mod]ate coal fire until !y d n smoke any m & no m gloss c be se54 ,f9ally !y are rubb$ ) a cotton rag saturat$ ) ?9 l9se$-oil v>ni%1 & ! objects ?us treat$ n[ appe> dull black1 l velvet4 ,! cov]+ )/&s all action ( ! wea!r1 s t cook+ vessels coat$ ) ?is v>ni% on ! outside c be plac$ on ! fire )\t injury to ! coat+4 ,if ! articles are engrav$1 ! alum9um appe>s almo/ glossy :ite "u ! black lay] at ! engrav$ places4 ,:5 ! pieces h be5 provid$ ) ! gray metallic coat+1 color$ lacqu] may also be appli$ ) ! bru%4 ,9 ?is mann] pa9t+s1 etc41 may be done on alum9um1 :ile n possible on unprep>$ alum9um surfaces1 :i* w n reta9 !m4 ,mak+ ,ca/+s 9 ,alum9um4--,! me?od adopt$ 9 prep>+ molds & cores = alum9um "w is necess>ily some:at ! same z = brass1 b !re are p>ticul> po9ts :i* ne$ att5tion to insure successful "w4 ,bo? 9 ! s& & ! mak+ ( ! molds !re are "s small diff]5ces :i* make consid]able v>iation 9 ! results1 & ! temp]ature at :i* ! metal is p\r$ is a consid]ation ( "s importance4 ,9 select+ ! s&1 :i* %\ld #hb n h be5 previ\sly us$1 t ( a f9e gra9 %\ld be *os51 b x %\ld n h any excess ( alum9\s matt]1 or x w n p]mit ( ! free escape ( gases & air1 ?is be+ an important matt]4 ,besides ?is1 ! s& mu/ be us$ z dry z possible consi/5t ) its hold+ aga9/ ! fl[ ( ! metal1 & hav+ only mod]ate compression 9 ramm+4 ,9 mak+ ! molds x is necess>y to rememb] t alum9um has a l>ge contraction 9 cool+1 & also t at c]ta9 temp]atures x is v weak & te>s readily1 :ile all metals %r9k away f ! mold :5 ?is is :olly outside ! ca/+1 b !y %r9k on to cores or portions ( ! mold p>tly inclos$ by metal4 ,?us1 if ca/+ a plate or b> ( metal1 x w %r9k away f ! mold 9 all directions2 b if ca/+ a squ>e frame1 x %r9ks away f ! outside only1 :ile x %r9ks on to ! c5tral "p or core4 ,) brass1 or iron1 or su* metals1 ?is is n ( mu* importance1 b ) "s o!rs1 includ+ alum9um1 x is ( great importance1 because if ! core or inclos$ s& w n give some:at ) ! contraction ( ! metal1 torn or fractur$ ca/+s w be ! result4 ,bo? = outside & inside molds1 & ) cores us$ ) alum9um1 ! s& %\ld be compress$ z little z possible1 & h>d ramm+ mu/ 9 e case be avoid$1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! metal surr\nds ! s&4 ,! molds mu/ be v freely v5t$1 & n only at ! jo9t ( ! mold1 b by us+ ! v5t wire freely ?r\gh ! body ( ! mold itself2 9 fact1 = brass ! v5t+ w\ld be consid]$ excessive4 ,) alum9um x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y to get ! air (f z rapidly z possible1 because ! metal soon gets sluggi% 9 ! mold1 & unless x runs up quickly x runs fa9t at ! edges4 ,! +ates %\ld be wide & ( fair area1 b ne$ c>eful mak+ to prev5t _! draw+ :]e !y ent] ! ca/+1 ! me?od ( do+ ?is be+ kn[n to mo/ mold]s4 ,if x is consid]$ desirable to use a specially made-up fac+ s& = ! molds :]e ! metal is ( "s ?ickness1 ! use ( a little pea or bean meal w be all t is necess>y4 ,to use ?is1 fir/ dry z mu* s& z may be requir$ & pass ?r\gh a #bj-me% sieve1 & to ea* bu%el ( ! f9e s& rub 9 ab\t #d qu>ts ( meal1 aft]w>ds aga9 pass+ ?r\gh ! sieve to insure regul> mix+4 ,?is s& %\ld !n be damp$ z requir$1 be+ c>eful t all p>ts are equally moi/1 rubb+ on a bo>d be+ a good way to get x t\gh1 & 9 good condition1 ) ! m9imum ( moi/ure4 ,! molds %\ld n be sleek$ ) tools1 b !y may be du/$ ov] ) plumbago or /eatite1 smoo?+ ) a camel's-hair bru%1 9 cases 9 :i* a v smoo? face is requir$ on ! ca/+s4 ,pref]ably1 h[ev]1 ! use ( ! bru% ev5 %\ld be avoid$4 ,patt]ns = alum9um %\ld be kept smoo? & well v>ni%$4 ,9 melt+ ! metal x is necess>y to use a plumbago crucible :i* is clean & :i* has n be5 us$ = o!r metals4 ,clay or silica crucibles are n good = ?is metal1 especially silica1 on acc\nt ( ! metal absorb+ silicon & becom+ h>d "u "s conditions ( melt+4 ,a /eady fire is necess>y1 & ! fuel %\ld rea* only ab\t halfway up ! crucible1 z x is n desirable to ov]heat ! crucible or metal4 ,! metal absorbs heat = "s "t & !n fuses ) "s rapidity1 h5ce ! desirability ( a /eady heat2 & z ! metal %\ld be p\r$ :5 ( a cl>et color "u ! film ( oxide :i* =ms on ! surface1 too rapid a heat+ is n advisable4 ,! mold+ %\ld always be well 9 advance ( ! p\r+1 because ! metal %\ld be us$ z soon z x is ready2 = n only is wa/e caus$1 b ! metal loses condition if kept 9 a molt5 /ate = long p]iods4 ,! metal %\ld be p\r$ rapidly1 b /eadily1 & :5 ca/ up !re %\ld n be a l>ge head ( metal left on top ( ! runn]4 ,9 fact1 x is r a disadvantage to leave a l>ge head1 z ?is t5ds to draw r ?an to fe$ ! ca/+4 ,) prop]ly prep>$ molds1 & c>eful melt+1 fluxes are n requir$1 b gr\nd cryolite--a fluoride ( sodium & alum9um--is sometimes us$ to increase ! fluidity ( ! metal4 ,9 us+ ?is1 a few ounces accord+ to ! bulk ( metal to be treat$ is put into ! molt5 metal be=e x is tak5 f ! furnace1 & well /irr$ 91 & z soon z ! reaction app>5tly ceases ! pot is lift$ & ! metal at once skimm$ & p\r$4 ,! use ( sodium 9 any =m ) alum9um is v undesirable1 h[ev]1 & %\ld be avoid$1 & ! same rem>k applies to t91 b !re is no objection to alloy+ ) z9c1 :5 ! metal ?us produc$ is sold z an alloy4 ,alum9um also ca/s v well 9 molds ( pla/] ( ,p>is & cru%$ ba? brick :5 su* molds are p]fectly dry #hc & well v5t$1 smoo?ness be+ secur$ by bru%+ ov] ) dry /eatite or plumbago4 ,:5 ca/+ 9 metal molds1 ^! %\ld be well bru%$ out ) /eatite or plumbago1 & made fairly hot be=e p\r+1 z 9 cold molds ! metal curdles & becomes sluggi%1 ) ! result t ! ca/+s run up fa9t4 ,to ,increase ! ,t\ghness1 ,d5sity1 & ,t5acity ( ,alum9um4--,= ! purpose ( improv+ alum9um1 )\t increas+ its specific gravity1 ! alum9um is mix$ ) #d to #g p] c5t ( phosphorus1 :]eby ! d5sity1 t5acity1 & especially ! t\ghness are said to be enhanc$4 ,,work+ ,,( ,,%eet ,,alum9um3 ,! great secret1 if !re is any1 9 work+ alum9um1 ei!r pure or alloy$1 consi/s 9 ! prop] lubricant & ! %ape ( ! tool4 ,ano!r great disadvantage 9 ! prop] work+ ( ! metal is t1 :5 a manufactur] desires to make up an article1 he w procure ! pure metal 9 ord] to make 8 samples1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is h>d] to "w ?an ! alloy4 ,b ! diff]5t grades ( alum9um %eet :i* are on ! m>ket are s num]\s = diff]5t classes ( "w t x might be advisable to consid] !m = a mom5t be=e pass+ to ! me?od ( work+ !m4 ,! pure metal1 to beg9 )1 c be pur*as$ ( all degrees ( h>dness1 f ! anneal$1 or :at is kn[n z ! 8dead s(t0 /ock1 to ! pure alum9um h>d roll$4 ,!n comes a h>d] grade ( alloys1 runn+ f 8dead s(t0 metal1 :i* w draw up h>d1 to ! same metal h>d roll$2 &1 /ill aga91 ano!r set ( alloys :i*1 p]haps1 are a little h>d] /ill :5 h>d roll$1 & w1 :5 />t+ ) ! 8dead s(t10 sp9 up into a ut5sil :i*1 :5 f9i%$1 w probably be z /iff z brass4 ,^! latt] alloys are f9d+ a l>ge sale = replac+ brass us$ 9 all classes ( manufactur$ articles4 ,to />t ) la! "w on alum9um1 probably m difficulty has be5 f\nd "h1 especially 9 work+ pure metal1 & m compla9ts are he>d f ?is s\rce ?an f any o!r4 ,z /at$ be=e1 h[ev]1 ^! difficulties c all be readily ov]come1 if ! prop] tools & ! prop] lubricants are us$1 z automatic screw ma*9es are n[ made s t !y c be op]at$ :5 work+ alum9um j z readily z :5 !y are work+ brass1 & 9 "s cases m readily4 ,to />t ) ! "q ( ! tool1 ?is %\ld be made z :at is kn[n z a 8%e>+ tool10 t is1 in/ead ( a %ort1 /ubby po9t1 su* z w\ld be us$ 9 turn+ brass1 ! po9t %\ld be l5g!n$ out & a lot ( cle>ance provid$ on ! inside ( ! tool1 s z to give ! *ips ( ! metal a good *ance to free !mselves & n cause a clogg+ ar\nd ! po9t ( ! tool--a simil> tool1 = in/ance1 to :at w\ld be us$ = turn+ wood4 ,! be/ lubricant to be us$ w\ld be coal oil or wat]1 & pl5ty ( x4 ,! latt] is almo/ z good z coal oil if en\gh ( x is us$1 & ) ei!r ( ^! lubricants & a tool prop]ly made1 !re %\ld be no difficulty :atsoev] 9 ! rapid work+ ( alum9um1 ei!r on ! la! or on automatic screw ma*9es4 ,to g f ! la! to ! draw+ press1 ! same tools "h w\ld be us$ 9 draw+ up %apes ( alum9um z are us$ = draw+ up brass or o!r metals2 ! only precaution necess>y 9 ?is in/ance be+ to use a prop] lubricant1 :i* 9 ?is case is a *eap grade ( vasel9e1 or 9 "s cases l>d oil1 b 9 ! majority ( in/ances bett] results w be secur$ by ! use ( vasel9e4 ,alum9um is probably susceptible ( deep] draw+ ) less occasion to anneal ?an any ( ! o!r comm]cial metals4 ,x requires b "o-?ird or "o-f\r? ( z mu* anneal+ z brass or copp]4 ,= in/ance1 an article :i* is n[ manufactur$ 9 brass1 requir+1 say1 ?ree or f\r op]ations be=e ! article is f9i%$1 w\ld probably h to be anneal$ aft] e op]ation4 ,) alum9um1 h[ev]1 if ! prop] grade is us$1 x is g5]ally possible to p]=m ^! ?ree op]ations )\t anneal+ ! metal at all1 & at ! same "t to produce a f9i%$ article :i*1 to all int5ts & purposes1 is z /iff z an article made ( %eet brass4 ,too mu* /ress _c be laid on ! fact ( />t+ ) ! prop] grade ( metal1 = ei!r ?r\gh ignorance or by n obs]v+ ?is po9t is ! f\ndation ( ! majority ( ! compla9ts t alum9um 8has be5 tri$ & f\nd want+40 ,if1 h[ev]1 x %\ld be f\nd necess>y to anneal alum9um1 ?is c be readily accompli%$ by heat+ x 9 an ord9>y muffle1 be+ c>eful t ! temp]ature %all n be too high--ab\t #fej or #gjj ,f4 ,! be/ te/ z to :5 ! metal has rea*$ ! prop] temp]ature is to take a s(t p9e /ick & draw x across ! #hd metal4 ,if x *>s ! /ick & leaves a black m>k on ! metal1 x is suffici5tly anneal$ & is 9 a prop] condition to proce$ ) fur!r op]ation4 ,next tak+ up ! "q ( sp9n+ alum9um1 success aga9 dep5ds p>ticul>ly on />t+ ) ! prop] metal4 ,! mo/ satisfactory spe$ = articles f #e to #h in*es 9 diamet] is ab\t #b1fjj revolutions a m9ute1 & = l>g] or small] diamet]s ! spe$ %\ld be s regulat$ z to give ! same velocity at ! circumf]5ce4 ,alum9um is a v easy metal to sp9 & no difficulty %\ld be f\nd at all 9 sp9n+ ! prop] grades ( %eets4 ,sev]al factories t are us+ l>ge quantities ( alum9um n[1 bo? = sp9n+ & /amp+1 are pay+ _! m5 by ! piece ! same am\nt t !y =m]ly paid on brass & t9 "w1 & x is /at$ t ! m5 work+ on ?is basis make any:]e f #aj to #bj p] c5t m wages by work+ alum9um4 ,aft] alum9um has be5 manufactur$ into ! %ape ( an article1 ! next process is ! f9i%+ ( x4 ,! be/ poli% c be obta9$ by fir/ cutt+ d[n ! metal ) an ord9>y rag buff on :i* use tripoli1 & !n f9i% x ) a dry r$ r\ge :i* comes 9 ! lump =m1 or t :i* is kn[n z 8,:ite ,diamond ,r\ge40 ,"o po9t1 h[ev]1 t x is necess>y to obs]ve c>efully is t bo? ! tripoli & ! r\ge %\ld be procur$ gr\nd z f9e z x is possible to gr9d !m2 =1 if ?is is n done1 ! metal w h little f9e scrat*es all ov] x1 & w n appe> z bright & z h&some z x o!rwise w\ld4 ,if x is desir$ to put on a fro/$ appe>ance1 ?is c ei!r be done by scrat* bru%+ or s& bla/+4 ,a brass wire scrat* bru%1 made ( crimp$ wire ( ,no4 #cb to ,no4 #cf ,b4 ,s4 gage1 ) ?ree or f\r r[s ( bri/les1 w probably give ! be/ results4 ,?is "w ( scrat* bru%+ c be some:at less5$1 h[ev]1 if1 be=e apply+ ! scrat* bru% to ! surface ( ! alum9um1 ! article is fir/ cut d[n by ! use ( a porpoise-hide :eel & f9e ,connecticut s&1 plac+ ! s& betwe5 ! surface ( ! alum9um & ! :eel1 s t ! sk9 & ! irregul>ities on ! surface are remov$1 & !n putt+ ! article on a buff+ :eel be=e attempt+ to scrat* bru% x4 ,?is me?od1 h[ev]1 is probably m advantage\s 9 ! treat+ ( alum9um ca/+s ?an = articles manufactur$ out ( ! %eet metal1 z 9 ! majority ( cases x is simply necess>y be=e scrat* bru%+ to cut d[n ! article ) tripoli1 & !n poli% x ) r\ge z already describ$1 be=e putt+ on ! scrat* bru%2 9 ?is way ! bru% seems to take hold quick] & bett]1 & to produce a m uni=m poli%4 ,an effect simil> to ! scrat*-bru% f9i% c be got by s& bla/+1 & by fir/ s& bla/+ & !n scrat* bru%+ ! %eets1 a good f9i% is obta9$ ) v mu* less labor ?an by scrat* bru%+ alone4 ,ano!r v pretty fro/$ effect is procur$ by fir/ s& bla/+ & !n treat$ z h]e9aft] describ$ by 8dipp+0 & 8fro/+10 & _m v>iations 9 ! f9i% ( alum9um c be got by v>y+ ! treatm5t1 ei!r by cutt+ d[n ) tripoli & poli%+1 scrat* bru%+1 s& bla/+1 dipp+1 & fro/+1 & by comb9ations ( ^? treatm5ts4 ,a v pretty mottl$ effect is secur$ on alum9um by fir/ poli%+ & !n scrat* bru%+ & !n hold+ ! alum9um aga9/ a s(t p9e :eel1 run at a high rate ( spe$ on a la!1 & by c>eful manipulation1 q regul> =ms ( a mottl$ appe>ance c be obta9$4 ,! dipp+ & fro/+ ( alum9um %eet is probably ! *eape/ way ( produc+ a nice f9i%4 ,fir/ remove all grease & dirt f ! article by dipp+ 9 b5z9e1 !n dip into wat] 9 ord] t ! b5z9e adh]+ to ! article may be remov$1 s z n to affect ! /r5g? ( ! solution into :i* x is next dipp$4 ,aft] !y h be5 tak5 out ( ! wat] & well %ak51 ! articles %\ld be plung$ 9 a /rong solution ( cau/ic soda or cau/ic pota%1 & left !re a suffici5t l5g? ( "t until ! alum9um />ts to turn black4 ,!n !y %\ld be remov$1 dipp$ 9 wat] aga91 & !n into a solution ( conc5trat$ nitric & sulphuric acid1 compos$ ( #bd p>ts ( nitric acid to #a "p ( sulphuric acid4 ,aft] be+ remov$1 ! article %\ld be wa%$ ?or\ghly 9 wat] & dri$ 9 hot sawdu/ 9 ! usual way4 ,?is f9i% c also be v>i$ some:at by mak+ ! solution ( cau/ic soda ( v>y+ degrees ( /r5g?1 or by add+ a small am\nt ( common salt to ! solution4 ,9 burni%+ ! metal use a blood/one or a /eel burni%]4 ,9 burni%+ use a mixture ( melt$ vasel9e & coal oil1 or a solution compos$ ( #b tablespoonfuls ( gr\nd borax dissolv$ 9 ab\t a qu>t ( hot wat]1 ) a few #he drops ( ammonia add$4 ,9 engrav+1 :i* adds mat]ially to ! appe>ance ( f9i%$ ca/+s1 book cov]s1 picture frames1 & simil> articles made ( %eet1 probably ! be/ lubricant to use on an engrav]'s tool 9 ord] to obta9 a clean cut1 :i* is bright1 is naph?a or coal oil1 or a mixture ( coal oil & vasel9e4 ,! naph?a1 h[ev]1 is pref]r$1 ow+ to ! fact t x does n de/roy ! sat9 f9i% 9 ! neighborhood ( ! cut1 z ! o!r lubricants are v apt to d4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 z mu* skill requir$ 9 us+ & mak+ a tool 9 ord] to give a bright1 clean cut z !re is 9 ! *oice ( ! lubricant to be us$4 ,! tool %\ld be made some:at on ! same plan z ! la! tools already outl9$4 ,t is1 !y %\ld be br\ght to a %>p po9t & be 8cut back0 r f>1 s z to give pl5ty ( cle>ance4 ,!re has be5 "o class ( "w 9 alum9um t has be5 develop$ lately & only to a c]ta9 ext5t1 9 :i* !re are great possibilities1 & t is 9 drop =g+ ! metal4 ,"s v sup]ior bicycle p>ts h be5 manufactur$ by drop =g+4 ,?is c be accompli%$ probably m readily ) alum9um ?an ) o!r metals1 = ! reason t x is n necess>y ) all ! alloys to "w !m hot2 consequ5tly1 !y c be work$ & h&l$ m rapidly4 ,,alum9um1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,alum9um ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,alum9um ,,bronze3 ,see ,alloys "u ,bronzes4 ,,alum9um ,,ca/+s3 ,see ,ca/+4 ,,alum9um ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,alum9um ,,plat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,alum9um ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,amalgams ,see also ,easily ,fusible ,alloys "u ,alloys4 ,! "n amalgam is giv5 to alloys ( metals conta9+ m]cury4 ,! t]m comes to u f ! al*emi/s4 ,x signifies s(t5+1 because an excess ( m]cury dissolves a l>ge numb] ( metals4 ,prep>ation ( ,amalgams4--,m]cury =ms amalgams ) mo/ metals4 ,x unites directly & readily1 ei!r cold or hot1 ) potassium1 sodium1 b>ium1 /rontium1 calcium1 magnesium1 z9c1 cadmium1 t91 antimony1 lead1 bismu?1 silv]1 & gold2 directly1 b m difficultly1 ) alum9um1 copp]1 & palladium4 ,?is comb9ation takes place (t5e/ at ! ord9>y temp]ature2 c]ta9 metals1 h[ev]1 l alum9um & antimony1 comb9e only :5 heat$ 9 pres5ce ( quicksilv]4 ,quicksilv] has no direct action on metals ( high fus+ po9ts3 manganese1 iron1 nickel1 cobalt1 uranium1 plat9um1 & _! cong5]s4 ,/ill1 amalgams ( ^! metals c be obta9$ ( butyr\s consi/5cy1 ei!r by electrolysis ( _! sal9e solutions1 employ+ quicksilv] z ! negative electrode1 or by ! action ( an alkal9e amalgam 7potassium or sodium71 on _! conc5trat$ & neutral sal9e solutions4 ,^! same refractory metals are also amalgamat$ sup]ficially :5 imm]s$ 9 ! amalgam ( sodium or ( ammonium 9 pres5ce ( wat]4 ,processes = prep>+ amalgams by d\ble decomposition betwe5 an alkal9e amalgam & a metallic salt1 or by electrolysis ( sal9e solutions1 ) employm5t ( m]cury z ! negative electrode1 apply a =tiori to metals capable ( comb9+ directly ) ! quicksilv]4 ,! latt] ( ^! me?ods is especially utiliz$ = ! prep>ation ( alkal9e e>?y metals by electrolytic decomposition ( ! solutions ( _! salts or hydrat$ oxides ) quicksilv] z a ca?ode4 ,g5]al ,prop]ties ( ,amalgams4--,amalgams are liquid :5 ! quicksilv] is 9 great excess2 solid1 b readily fusible1 :5 ! alloy$ metal pr$om9ates4 ,!y h a metallic lu/]1 & a metallic /ructure :i* r5d]s !m brittle4 ,!y ev5 =m cry/alliz$ metallic comb9ations ( con/ant proportions1 dissolv$ 9 an excess ( quicksilv]1 :5 ! excess is sep>at$ by compression 9 a *amois sk91 or by filtration 9 a glass funnel ( sl5d] /em1 t]m9at+ ) an orifice almo/ capill>y4 ,accord+ z ! fus+ heat ( a metal is less or great] ?an its comb9ation heat ) quicksilv]1 ! amalgamation ( ?is metal produces an elevation or a l[]+ ( temp]ature4 ,?us #hf potassium1 sodium1 & cadmium1 9 alloy ) quicksilv]1 dis5gage heat2 :ile z9c1 antimony1 t91 bismu?1 lead1 & silv] comb9e ) m]cury ) absorption ( heat4 ,! amalgamation ( #afb p>ts ( quicksilv] ) #ba p>ts ( lead1 #ab p>ts ( t9 or ( antimony1 & #bh4e p>ts ( bismu?1 l[]s ! temp]ature ( ! mixture #gi ,f4 ,amalgams =m$ ) dis5gagem5t ( heat are electro-negative ) ref]5ce to ! metals alloy$ ) ! quicksilv]4 ,! products ) absorption ( heat are electro-negative ) ref]5ce to ! metals comb9$ ) ! quicksilv]2 consequ5tly1 9 a batt]y ( elem5ts ( pure cadmium & amalgamat$ cadmium1 ! cadmium w be ! negative pole2 9 case ( z9c & amalgamat$ z9c1 ! z9c w be ! positive pole4 ,heat decomposes all amalgams1 vaporiz+ ! m]cury & leav+ ! metal alloys z a residue4 ,wat] is decompos$ by ! amalgams ( potassium & sodium1 because ! heat ( =mation ( ^! amalgams1 al?\gh consid]able1 is ev5 less ?an ! heat dis5gag$ by potassium & sodium1 on decompos+ wat]4 ,! alkal9e amalgams may1 !re=e1 s]ve z a s\rce ( nasc5t hydrog5 9 pres5ce ( wat]1 giv+ rise to an action less en]getic1 & (t5 m advantage\s1 ?an t ( ! alkal9e metals alone4 ,?us is caus$ ! frequ5t employm5t ( sodium amalgam = hydrog5iz+ a l>ge numb] ( bodies4 ,z a consequ5ce ( _! action on wat]1 ! alkal9e amalgams are *ang$ by moi/ air1 ) production ( free alkali or alkal9e c>bonate4 ,applications ( ,potassium ,amalgams4--,i4--,!y furni% a process = prep>+ potassium by ! decomposition ( pota% by ! electric curr5t1 by employ+ quicksilv] z ! ca?ode1 & vaporiz+ ! quicksilv] ( ! amalgam =m$ by heat+ ?is 9 a curr5t ( dry hydrog54 ,,ii4--,!y c s]ve = ! prep>ation ( ! amalgams ( ! metals1 o!r ?an ^? ( ! alkal9e gr\p1 by decompos+ ! salts ( ^! metals1 ) =mation ( a salt ( pota% & ( ! amalgam ( ! metal correspond+ to ! orig9al salt4 ,,iii4--,!y c be employ$ z a s\rce ( nasc5t hydrog5 9 pres5ce ( wat] = hydrog5iz+ _m sub/ances4 ,applications ( ,sodium ,amalgams4--,^! are ne>ly ! same z ^? ( ! potassium amalgams1 b ! sodium amalgams are employ$ almo/ exclusively1 because sodium is easi] to h&le ?an potassium1 & is *eap]4 ,^! employm5ts are ! foll[+3 ,i4--,sodium amalgam furni%es a process = ! prep>ation ( sodium :5 soda is decompos$ by means ( ! electric curr5t1 employ+ quicksilv] z ! ca?ode1 & aft]w>ds vaporiz+ ! quicksilv] ( ! amalgam =m$ by heat+ ?is 9 a curr5t ( dry hydrog54 ,,ii4--,amalgams ( sodium s]ve = ! prep>ation ( amalgams ( ! o!r metals1 p>ticul>ly alkal9e e>?y metals & metals ( high fus+ po9ts1 by decompos+ ! salts ( ^! metals1 ) =mation ( a salt ( soda & ( ! amalgam ( ! metal correspond+ to ! orig9al salt4 ,,iii4--,!y s]ve = amalgamat+ sup]ficially ! metals ( high fus+ po9t1 call$ 8refractory10 su* z iron & plat9um1 :5 a well-clean$ plate ( ^! metals is imm]s$ 9 sodium amalgam 9 pres5ce ( wat]4 ,,iv4--,an amalgam ( #b or #c p] c5t ( sodium is employ$ 9 ! processes ( extraction ( gold by amalgamation4 ,x has ! prop]ty ( r5d]+ quicksilv] m brilliant1 & consequ5tly m en]getic1 by act+ z a deoxidant on ! pellicle ( oxide =m$ on its surface 9 pres5ce ( c]ta9 ores1 :i*1 by keep+ x sep>at$ f ! p>ticles ( gold1 de/roy its activity4 ,sodium amalgam ( #c p] c5t is utiliz$ ) success = ! amalgamat$ plates employ$ 9 cru%]s & o!r app>atus = treat+ ! ores ( gold4 ,if a few drops ( ?is amalgam are spread on a plate ( copp]1 ( t91 or ( z9c1 a brilliant coat+ ( an amalgam ( t91 copp]1 or z9c is imm$iately =m$4 ,v4--,amalgams ( f #b to #h p] c5t ( sodium s]ve frequ5tly 9 laboratories = r$uc+ or hydrog5iz+ organic comb9ations1 )\t runn+ ! risk ( a p>tial de/ruction ( ^! comp\nds by too int5se action1 z may occur by employ+ free sodium in/ead ( its amalgam4 ,applications ( ,b>ium ,amalgams4--,^! c1 by di/illation1 furni% b>ium4 ,x is "o ( ! processes = prep>+ ?is metal1 :i*1 :5 ?us obta9$1 almo/ always reta9s a little sodium4 ,applications ( ,/rontium ,amalgams4--,^! amalgams1 wa%$ & dri$ rapidly imm$iately aft] _! prep>ation1 & !n heat$ to a nasc5t r$ #hg 9 a curr5t ( dry hydrog51 yield a fus$ mass ( /rontium4 ,applications ( ,cadmium ,amalgams4--,amalgams ( cadmium1 =m$ ( equal weights ( cadmium & quicksilv]1 h mu* p[] ( cohesion & are q malleable2 ! case is ! same ) an amalgam =m$ ( #a "p ( cadmium & #b p>ts ( quicksilv]4 ,!y are us$ z d5tal cem5ts = plugg+ tee?2 = ! same purpose an amalgam ( #b p>ts ( quicksilv]1 #a "p ( cadmium1 & #b p>ts ( t9 may be us$4 ,applications ( ,z9c ,amalgams4--,! pr9cipal employm5t ( z9c amalgams is _! use z a ca?ode or negative electrode 9 ! batt]ies ( ,munson1 ,daniels1 & ,le*an*4 ,?is comb9ation is design$ to r5d] ! z9c non-attackable by ! excit+ liquid ( ! batt]y ) op5 circuit4 ,! action ( ! m]cury is to prev5t ! z9c f =m+ a l>ge numb] ( small voltaic elem5ts :5 =eign bodies are m+l$ ) ! metal2 9 a ^w1 ! giv+ to ord9>y z9c ! prop]ties ( pure z9c1 & consequ5tly ( caus+ a great sav+ 9 exp5se4 ,= amalgamat+ a z9c plate x is plung$ = a few seconds into wat] 9 :i* !re is "o-sixte5? 9 volume ( sulphuric acid1 !n rubb+ ) a copp]-wire bru% :i* has be5 dipp$ 9 ! quicksilv]4 ,! m]cury takes m readily on ! z9c :51 aft] ! z9c has be5 clean$ ) wat] %>p5$ ) sulphuric acid1 x is moi/5$ ) a solution ( corrosive sublimate1 :i* is r$uc$ & furni%es a fir/ v ?9 coat ( amalgam1 on :i* ! quicksilv] is imm$iately fix$ by simple imm]sion )\t rubb+4 ,! z9c ( a batt]y may be amalgamat$ by putt+ at ! bottom ( ! comp>tm5t conta9+ ea* elem5t1 a little quicksilv] 9 su* a way t ! z9c t\*es ! liquid4 ,! amalgamation is effect$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! curr5t1 b ?is process applies only on condition t ! z9c alone t\*es ! bottom ( ! vessel conta9+ ! quicksilv]4 ,applications ( ,manganese ,amalgams4--,^! may s]ve = ! prep>ation ( manganese4 ,= ?is purpose x is suffici5t to di/ill 9 a curr5t ( pure hydrog54 ,! manganese rema9s 9 ! =m ( a grayi% p[d]4 ,applications ( ,t9 ,amalgams4--,i4--,t9n+ ( glass4 ,?is op]ation is accompli%$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,on a ca/-iron table1 q horizontal1 a %eet ( t9 ( ! dim5sions ( ! glass is spread out & cov]$ ) a lay] ( quicksilv]1 #e or #f millimet]s 9 ?ickness4 ,! glass is made to slide on ! %eet ( t9 9 su* a way z to drive (f ! excess ( quicksilv]2 :5 ! two surfaces are cov]$ )\t int]position ( air1 weights are plac$ on ! glass4 ,9 a few days1 ! glass may be remov$1 hav+ be5 cov]$ ) an adh]+ pellicle ( amalgam ( #d p>ts ( t9 & #a "p ( quicksilv]4 7,see also ,mirrors47 ,,ii4--,an amalgam consi/+ ( #b p>ts ( z9c & #a "p t9 may be us$ = cov]+ ! cu%ions ( frictional electric ma*9es4 ,?is amalgam is prep>$ by fir/ melt+ ! z9c & t9 9 a crucible & add+ ! quicksilv] previ\sly heat$4 ,,iii4--,m5tion has be5 made ( ! cadmium amalgam employ$ = plugg+ tee?1 an amalgam ( #b p>ts ( quicksilv]1 #b p>ts ( t91 & #a "p ( cadmium4 ,= ! same purpose an amalgam ( t91 silv]1 & gold is employ$4 7,see also ,cem5ts1 ,d5tal47 ,applications ( ,copp] ,amalgams4--,i4--,an amalgam ( #cj p] c5t ( copp] has be5 employ$ = fill+ tee?4 ,?is use has be5 ab&on$ on acc\nt ( ! inconv5i5ce occasion$ by ! great *angeabl5ess ( ! product4 ,,ii4--,! amalgam ( #cj p] c5t ( copp]1 designat$ by ! "n ( 8metallic ma/ic10 is an excell5t cem5t = repair+ objects & ut5sils ( porcela94 ,= ?is employm5t1 ! brok5 surfaces are heat$ to #ffb ,f41 & a little ( ! amalgam1 previ\sly heat$ to ! consi/5cy ( melt$ wax1 is appli$4 ,,iii4--,copp] amalgam1 ( #cj to #de p] c5t ( copp]1 r5d]$ pla/ic by heat+ & gr9d+1 may s]ve = obta9+ ) slight compression copies ( delicate objects1 :i* may1 aft] h>d5+ ( ! amalgam1 be reproduc$1 ei!r 9 wax or by galvanic process4 ,,iv4--,accord+ to ,debray1 :5 a m$al1 obta9$ ) an amalgam ( #de p] c5t ( copp]1 by compression 9 ! s(t /ate1 9 molds ( gutta p]*a1 is heat$ progressively to r$ness 9 an atmosph]e ( hydrog51 ! quicksilv] is volatiliz$ gradually1 & ! p>ticles ( copp] come toge!r )\t fusion 9 su* a way z to produce a fai?ful reproduction1 =m$ exclusively ( metallic copp]1 ( ! orig9al m$al4 ,v4--,9 ! metallurgy ( gold1 ! cru%]s are furni%$ ) amalgamat$ plates ( copp] = reta9+ ! gold4 ,! prep>ation ( ^! plates1 #hh :i* are at lea/ #j4abh in*es 9 ?ickness1 is delicate1 requir+ ab\t two weeks4 ,!y are fre$ f greasy matt] by rubb+ ) a%es1 or1 bett]1 ) a little s& & cau/ic soda1 or if m rapid action is desir$1 ) a clo? dipp$ 9 dilute nitric acid2 !y are wa%$ ) wat]1 !n ) a solution ( potassium cyanide1 & f9ally bru%$ ) a mixture ( sal ammoniac & a little quicksilv]1 until ! surface is completely amalgamat$4 ,!y are f9ally made to absorb z mu* quicksilv] z possible4 ,b ! plates ?us treat$ are useful = only a few days :5 !y are suffici5tly cov]$ ) a lay] ( gold amalgam2 9 ! meantime !y occasion loss ( "t & ( gold4 ,s x is pref]able to cov] !m artificially ) a little gold amalgam1 :i* is prep>$ by dissolv+ gold 9 quicksilv]4 ,sometimes ! amalgam ( gold is replac$ by an amalgam ( silv]1 :i* is readily p\r$ & m economical4 ,ano!r me?od giv+ bett] results consi/s 9 silv]+ copp] slabs by electroplat+ & cov]+ !m ) a lay] ( silv]4 ,!n x is only necess>y to apply a little quicksilv]1 :i* adh]es q rapidly1 s t !y are ready = use almo/ imm$iately1 & are q active at ! outset4 ,^! amalgamation slabs ought to be clean$ be=e ea* op]ation4 ,potassium cyanide removes fatty matt]1 & sal ammoniac ! oxides ( ! l[ metals4 ,applications ( ,lead ,amalgams4--,^! meet ) an int]e/+ employm5t = ! autog5\s sold]+ ( lead4 ,aft] ! surfaces to be sold]$ h be5 well clean$1 a lay] ( lead amalgam is appli$4 ,x is aft]w>ds suffici5t to pass along ! l9e ( junction a sold]+ iron heat$ to r$ness1 9 ord] t ! heat %\ld cause ! volatilization ( ! quicksilv]1 & t ! lead1 lib]at$ 9 a /ate ( f9e division1 %\ld be melt$ & cause ! adh]5ce ( ! two surfaces4 ,! only precaution necess>y is to avoid brea?+ ! m]curial vapor1 :i* is q poison\s4 ,applications ( ,bismu? ,amalgams4--,! amalgam =m$ ( #a p] c5t ( bismu? & #d p>ts ( quicksilv] w cause ! /rong adh]5ce ( glass4 ,x is employ$ ) advantage 9 ! t9n+ ( glass globes4 ,= ?is op]ation x is p\r$ into a dry hot receiv]1 & !n pass$ ov] ! :ole surface ( ! glass2 x solidifies on cool+4 ,= ! purpose ( economiz+ ! bismu?1 ! price ( :i* is high1 ! prec$+ amalgam is replac$ by ano!r compos$ ( #b p>ts ( quicksilv]1 #a "p ( bismu?1 #a "p ( lead1 & #a "p ( t94 ,! bismu?1 brok5 into small fragm5ts1 is add$ to ! t9 & lead1 previ\sly melt$ 9 ! crucible1 & :5 ! mixture ( ! ?ree metals becomes fluid1 ! quicksilv] is p\r$ 91 :ile /irr+ ) an iron rod4 ,! impurities float+ on ! surface are remov$1 & :5 ! temp]ature is suffici5tly l[]$ ?is amalgam is sl[ly p\r$ into ! vessels to be t9n$1 :i* h be5 previ\sly well clean$ & slightly heat$4 ,m4 ,ditte recomm5ds = ! same employm5t1 z a v /rong adh]5t to ! glass1 an amalgam obta9$ by dissolv+ hot #b p>ts ( bismu? & #a "p ( lead 9 a solution ( #a "p ( t9 9 #aj p>ts ( quicksilv]4 ,by caus+ a quantity ( ?is amalgam to move ar\nd ! inside ( a receiv]1 clean1 dry1 & slightly heat$1 ! surface w be cov]$ ) a ?91 brilliant lay]1 :i* h>d5s q rapidly4 ,= ! injection ( anatomical pieces an amalgam =m$ ( #aj p>ts ( quicksilv]1 #ej p>ts ( bismu?1 #ca p>ts ( lead1 & #ah p>ts ( t91 fusible at #gg4e & solidifiable at #fj ,c41 is made use (2 or1 aga91 an amalgam compos$ ( #i p>ts ( ,d>cet alloy & #a "p ( quicksilv] fusible at #abg #a_/b ,f41 & pa/y at a /ill l[] temp]ature4 ,?is la/ amalgam may also be us$ = fill+ c>i\s tee?4 ,! ,d>cet alloy1 z kn[n1 conta9s #b p>ts ( bismu?1 #a "p ( lead1 & #a "p ( t91 & melts at #aii #a_/b ,f4 ,! addition ( #a "p ( quicksilv] l[]s ! fus+ po9t to #ajd ,f4 ,applications ( ,silv] ,amalgams4--,i4--,9 ! silv]+ ( mirrors by ! ,petitjean me?od1 :i* has almo/ univ]sally replac$ t9n+1 ! prop]ty ( silv] 9 readily amalgamat+ is tak5 advantage (1 by sub/itut+ ! glass aft] silv]+ to ! action ( a dilute solution ( d\ble cyanide ( m]cury & potassium 9 su* a mann] z to =m an amalgam ( :ite & brilliant silv] adh]+ /rongly to ! glass4 ,to facilitate ! op]ation & utilize all ! silv]1 :ile economiz+ ! d\ble cyanide1 ,m4 ,l5oir has recomm5d$ ! foll[+3 ,spr9kle ! glass at ! "t :5 x is cov]$ ) ! m]curial solution ) v f9e z9c p[d]1 :i* precipitates ! quicksilv] & regulates ! amalgamation4 ,,ii4--,! metallurgy ( silv] also takes advantage ( ! prop]ty ( ?is #hi metal 9 comb9+ cold ) quicksilv]2 ?is = ! treatm5t ( poor silv] ores4 ,9 ! ,saxon or ,freiburg process = treat+ silv] ores1 rec\rse is _h to quicksilv] 9 ! case ( amalgam 9 amalgamat+ casks1 9 :i* ! ore1 aft] gr9d+1 is %ak5 ) disks ( iron1 & ) m]cury & wat]4 ,! amalgam1 collect$ & filt]$ "u /rong pressure1 conta9s f #cj to #cc p] c5t ( silv]4 ,x is di/ill$ ei!r 9 cyl9drical retorts ( ca/ iron1 furni%$ ) an exit tube imm]s$ 9 ! wat] = cond5s+ ! m]curial vapors1 or on plates ( iron1 arrang$ ov] ea* o!r along a v]tical iron /em1 support$ by a tripod at ! bottom ( a tank fill$ ) wat]1 & cov]$ ) an iron receiv]1 :i* is itself surr\nd$ ) ignit$ *>coal4 ,x %\ld be rem>k$ t ! la/ portions ( quicksilv] 9 a silv] amalgam submitt$ to di/illation are volatiliz$ only "u ! action ( a high & prolong$ temp]ature4 ,applications ( ,gold ,amalgams4--,i4--,gild+ ) quicksilv]4 ,?is process ( gild+1 mu* employ$ =m]ly1 is n[ b little us$4 ,x c be appli$ only to metals slightly fusible & capable ( amalgamation1 l silv]1 copp]1 bronze1 & brass4 ,iron c also be gild$ by ?is me?od1 provid$ x is previ\sly cov]$ ) a coat+ ( copp]4 ,to p]=m ?is gild+ ! surface is well clean$1 & ! gold amalgam1 consi/+ ( #b p>ts ( gold & #a "p ( quicksilv]1 prep>$ z m5tion$ be=e1 is appli$4 ,! piece is aft]w>ds heat$ to ab\t ! r$1 s z to volatilize ! m]cury4 ,! gold rema9s1 sup]ficially alloy$ ) ! metal1 & =ms an extremely solid lay] ( dead5$ gold1 :i* c be aft]w>ds poli%$4 ,! volatilization %\ld be effect$ "u a *imney hav+ /rong draught1 9 ord] to avoid ! poison\s action ( ! m]curial vapors4 ,,ii4--,! amalgamation ( gold f9ds its pr9cipal applications 9 ! treatm5t ( aurif]\s ores4 ,! extraction ( small spangles ( gold scatt]$ 9 gold-be>+ s&s is bas$ on ! ready dissolution ( gold 9 quicksilv]1 & on ! =mation ( an amalgam ( solid gold by compression & filt]+ ?r\gh a *amois sk91 9 a /ate m or less liquid4 ,! spangles ( gold are %ak5 ) ab\t _! weight ( quicksilv]1 collect$ 9 ! cavities ( sluices & mix$ ) a small quantity ( s&4 ,! gold is dissolv$ & ! s& rema9s4 ,! amalgam ?us obta9$ is compress$ 9 a *amois sk91 s z to sep>ate ! excess ( m]cury :i* passes ?r\gh ! pores ( ! sk92 or1 yet aga91 x is filt]$ ?r\gh a glass funnel hav+ a v sl5d] /em1 ) almo/ capill>y t]m9ation4 ,9 bo? cases an amalgam ( solid gold rema9s1 :i* is submitt$ to ! action ( heat 9 a crucible or ca/-iron retort1 communicat+ ) a b5t-iron tube1 ( :i* ! extremity1 surr\nd$ ) a clo? imm]s$ 9 wat]1 is arrang$ above a receiv] half full ( wat]4 ,! quicksilv] is vaporiz$ & cond5s$ 9 ! wat]4 ,! gold rema9s 9 ! retort4 ,! prop]ty ( gold ( comb9+ readily ) quicksilv] is also us$ 9 _m k9ds ( amalgamat+ app>atus = extraction & 9 ! metallurgy ( gold4 ,9 v>i\s op]ations x is ess5tial to keep ! quicksilv] active by pres]v+ its limpidity4 ,= ?is purpose potassium cyanide & ammonium *loride are especially employ$2 sometimes wood a%es1 c>bonate ( soda1 hyposulphite ( soda1 nitrate ( pota%1 cupric sulphate1 sea salt1 & lime2 ! latt] = precipitat+ ! soluble sulphates proce$+ f ! decomposition ( pyrites4 ,! amalgamation ( gold is favor$ by a temp]ature ( #ch to #de ,c4 7#ajj to #aac ,f471 & /ill m by ! employm5t ( quicksilv] 9 ! nasc5t /ate4 ,?is la/ prop]ty is ! base ( ! ,designol process1 :i* consi/s 9 treat+ aurif]\s or auro-arg5tif]\s ores1 fir/ gr\nd ) sea salt1 9 revolv+ cyl9d]s ( ca/ iron1 ) iron & m]cury bi*loride1 9 su* a way t ! m]cury precipitat$ collects ! gold & ev5tually ! silv] m efficaci\sly4 ,gold ,amalgam4--,eight p>ts ( gold & #a ( m]cury are =m$ into an amalgam = plat+ by r5d]+ ! gold into ?9 plates1 mak+ x r$ hot1 & !n putt+ x into ! m]cury :ile ! latt] is also heat$ to ebullition4 ,! gold imm$iately disappe>s 9 comb9ation ) ! m]cury1 aft] :i* ! mixture may be turn$ into wat] to cool4 ,x is !n ready = use4 ,z9c ,amalgam = ,electric ,batt]ies4--,dissolve #b p>ts ( m]cury 9 #a "p ( aqua regia4 ,?is accompli%$1 add #e p>ts ( hydro*loric acid4 ,?is solution is made w>m4 ,x suffices to dip ! z9c to be amalgamat$ into ?is liquid only = a few seconds4 #ij ,amalgam = ,cem5t+ ,glass1 ,porcela91 ,etc4--,take t9 #b p>ts1 & cadmium #a "p4 ,fuse 9 an iron spoon or "s vessel ( ! same mat]ial4 ,:5 ! two mat]ials are 9 fusion add a little m]cury1 previ\sly heat$4 ,place all 9 an iron crucible & boil1 agitat+ ! mass ) a pe/le4 ,?is amalgam is s(t & c be knead$ betwe5 ! f+]s4 ,x may be employ$ = lut+ glass or porcela9 vessels1 z well z = fill+ tee?4 ,x h>d5s 9 a %ort :ile4 ,amalgam = ,silv]+ ,glass ,balls4--,lead1 #be p>ts2 t91 #be p>ts2 bismu?1 #be p>ts2 m]cury1 #be p>ts2 or1 lead1 #bj p>ts2 t91 #bj p>ts2 bismu?1 #bj p>ts2 m]cury1 #dj p>ts4 ,melt ! lead & ! t91 !n add ! bismu?2 skim sev]al times & add ! m]cury1 /irr+ ! composition vigor\sly4 7,see also ,mirror-,silv]+74 ,copp] ,amalgam4--,copp] amalgam1 or s-call$ ,vi5nese metal cem5t1 cry/allizes ) ! greate/ read9ess & acquires su* h>dness on solidify+ t x c be poli%$ l gold4 ,! amalgam may also be work$ "u ! hamm] or betwe5 roll]s2 x c also be /amp$1 & reta9s its metallic lu/] = a long "t 9 ! air4 ,9 air conta9+ hydrog5 sulphide1 h[ev]1 x quickly t>ni%es & turns black4 ,a v special prop]ty ( copp] amalgam consi/s 9 t x becomes v s(t :5 laid 9 wat]1 & atta9s su* pliancy t x c be employ$ = model+ ! mo/ delicate objects4 ,aft] a few h\rs ! amalgam congeals aga9 into a v f9e-gra9$1 r malleable mass4 ,an important application ( copp] amalgam is t = cem5t+ metals4 ,all t is necess>y = ?is purpose is to heat ! metals1 :i* mu/ be bright1 to #hj-ij ,c4 7#agf-aid ,f471 to apply ! amalgam & to press ! metal pieces toge!r4 ,!y w coh]e z firmly z ?\gh sold]$ toge!r4 ,copp] amalgam may be prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,place /rips ( z9c 9 a solution ( blue vitriol & agitate ! solution ?or\ghly4 ,! copp] ?us obta9$ 9 ! =m ( a v f9e p[d] is wa%$ &1 :ile /ill moi/1 treat$ 9 a mort> ) a solution ( m]cury nitrate4 ,! copp] p[d] !reby amalgamates m readily ) ! quicksilv]4 ,next1 hot wat] is p\r$ ov] ! copp]1 ! mort> is kept hot1 & ! m]cury add$4 ,knead ) ! pe/le ( ! mort> until ! copp]1 pulv]ul5t 9 ! beg9n+1 has unit$ ) ! m]cury into a v pla/ic mass4 ,! long] ! knead+ is cont9u$ ! m uni=m w be ! mass4 ,z soon z ! amalgam has acquir$ ! suitable "*--= its production #c p>ts ( copp] & #g p>ts ( m]cury are us$--! wat] is p\r$ (f & ! amalgam /ill s(t is giv5 ! %ape 9 :i* x is to be kept4 ,= cem5t+ purposes1 ! amalgam is roll$ out into small cyl9d]s1 ^: diamet] is ab\t #j4af to #j4b in*es1 ) a l5g? ( a few in*es4 ,9 ord] to produce ) ?is amalgam impressions ( ca/+s1 :i* are made aft] woodcuts1 ! amalgam is roll$ out hot into a ?9 plate & press$ firmly onto ! likewise heat$ pla/] ca/4 ,aft] ! amalgam has h>d5$ ! ?9 plate ( x may be re9=c$ by p\r+ on molt5 type metal4 ,silv] ,amalgam4--,silv] amalgam c easily be made ) ! help ( f9ely p[d]$ silv]4 ,! m]cury ne$ only be heat$ to #bej to #cjj ,c4 7#dhb to #egb ,f472 silv] p[d] is !n spr9kl$ on x1 & mix$ ) x by /irr+4 ,! vessel is heat$ = sev]al m9utes & !n all[$ to cool1 ! excess ( m]cury be+ remov$ f ! granulat$ cry/all9e amalgam by press+ 9 a lea!r bag4 ,silv] amalgam c also easily be made by dissolv+ silv] 9 nitric acid1 evaporat+ ! solution till ! excess ( free acid is elim9at$1 dilut+ ) di/ill$ wat]1 & add+ m]cury to ! fluid 9 ! proportion ( #d p>ts1 by weight1 ( m]cury to #a ( ! silv] orig9ally us$4 ,! m]cury precipitates ! silv] 9 a metallic /ate1 & imm$iately =ms an amalgam ) x2 ! fluid /&+ above aft] a "t conta9s no m silv]1 b consi/s ( a solution ( m]cury nitrate mix$ ) :atev] copp] 0 conta9$ 9 ! dissolv$ silv] 9 ! =m ( copp] nitrate4 ,! abs5ce ( a :ite precipitate1 if a few drops ( hydro*loric acid are add$ to a sample ( ! fluid 9 a te/ tube1 %[s t all ! silv] has be5 elim9at$ f ! solution & is pres5t 9 ! =m ( amalgam4 ,amalgam = ! ,rubb] ( ,electric ,ma*9es4--,m]cury1 #ajj p>ts2 z9c1 #ej p>ts2 t91 #ej p>ts4 ,?is amalgam r$uc$ to p[d] & incorporat$ ) grease c be appli$ to ! rubb] ( electric ma*9es4 ,,amalgam ,,gold ,,plat+3 ,see ,gild+ "u ,plat+4 ,,amb]3 ,imitation ,amb]4--,melt c>efully toge!r p9e ros91 #a2 lacca 9 tabulis1 #b2 :ite colophony1 #ae p>ts4 #ia ,,amb] ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives "u ,cem5ts4 ,,amb] ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,ambrosia ,,p[d]3 ,see ,salts 7,eff]vesc5t74 ,,amidol ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,ame?y/ 7,,imitation73 ,see ,gems1 ,artificial4 ,,ammon-,,c>bonite3 ,see ,explosives4 ,ammonia ,h\sehold ,ammonia4--7,see also ,h\sehold ,=mulas47--,h\sehold ammonia is simply dilut$ ammonia wat] to :i* borax & soap h be5 add$4 ,to make x cl\dy add potassium nitrate or me?ylat$ _s4 ,! foll[+ are good =mulas3 ,i4--,ammonia wat] #af p>ts ,yell[ soap #fd p>ts ,potassium nitrate #a "p ,s(t wat]1 suffici5t to make #bjj p>ts ,%ave up ! soap & dissolve x 9 ! wat] by heat+1 add ! potassium nitrate & dissolve4 ,cool1 /ra91 skim (f any suds or bubbles1 add ! ammonia1 mix1 & bottle at once4 ,,ii4--,yell[ soap #aj gra9s ,borax #a dra*m ,lav5d] wat] #bj m9ims ,/rong] ammonia wat] #f ounces ,wat]1 en\gh to make #bj ounces ,dissolve ! soap & borax 9 #e ounces ( boil+ wat]2 :5 cold add ! lav5d] wat] & ammonia1 & make up to a p9t ) wat]4 ,,iii4--,me?ylat$ _s #a gallon ,s(t wat] #a gallon ,/rong] ammonia wat] #a gallon ,,iv4--,ammonia wat] #e p9ts ,di/ill$ wat] #e p9ts ,soap #ajj gra9s ,olive oil #e dra*ms ,cut ! soap 9 %av+s1 boil ) ! oil & wat]1 cool1 add ! ammonia wat]1 & bottle4 ,= use 9 laundries1 ba?s1 & = g5]al h\sehold purposes add "o tablespoonful to "o gallon ( wat]4 ,v4--,! be/ quality3 ,alcohol1 #id p] c5t #d ounces ,s(t wat] #d gallons ,oil ( rosem>y #d dra*ms ,oil ( citronella #c dra*ms ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol & add to ! wat]4 ,to ! mixture add #d ounces ( talc 7or full]'s e>? w answ]71 mix ?or\ghly1 /ra9 ?r\gh canvas1 & to ! colate add #a1 #b1 or #c gallons ( ammonia wat]1 accord+ to ! /r5g? desir$1 9 :i* has be5 dissolv$ #a1 #b1 or #c ounces ( :ite curd1 or s(t soap4 ,liquor ,ammonii ,anisatus4-- ,oil ( anise1 by weight #a "p ,alcohol1 by weight #bd p>ts ,wat] ( ammonia1 by weight #e p>ts ,dissolve ! oil 9 ! alcohol & add ! wat] ( ammonia4 ,x %\ld be a cle>1 yell[i% liquid4 ,violet ,color = ,ammonia4--,a purple-blue color may be giv5 to ammonia wat] by add+ an aque\s solution ( litmus4 ,! %ade1 :5 pale en\gh1 w probably meet all views z to a violet color4 ,p]fum$ ,ammonia ,wat]4--,! foll[+ are typical =mulas3 ,i4--,/rong] wat] ( ammonia #f ounces ,lav5d] wat] #a ounce ,s(t soap #aj gra9s ,wat]1 en\gh to make #af ounces ,,ii4--,s(t soap #a ounce ,borax #b dra*ms ,cologne wat] #a_/b ounce ,/rong] wat] ( ammonia #e #a_/b ounces ,wat]1 en\gh to make #ab ounces ,rub up ! soap & borax ) wat] until dissolv$1 /ra9 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,! p]fumes may be v>i$ to suit ! price4 ,,ammonia ,,= ,,fix+ ,,pr9ts3 ,see ,photography4 ,,ango/ura ,,bitt]s3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,anil9e3 ,see ,dyes4 ,,anil9e ,,9 ,,pigm5ts1 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,pigm5ts4 ,,anil9e ,,/a9s1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 #ib ,,anise ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,ank>a3 ,see ,butt]4 ,,anneal+ ,,( ,,/eel1 ,,tools1 ,,wire1 ,,& ,,spr+s3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,anodynes3 ,see ,pa9 ,kill]s4 ,,ant ,,de/roy]s3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,antidotes = ,poisons ,,poison1 ,,symptoms ,,& ,,antidotes4 ,:5 a p]son has tak5 poison ! fir/ ?+ to d is to compel ! pati5t to vomit1 & = t purpose give any emetic t c be mo/ readily & quickly obta9$1 & :i* is prompt & en]getic1 b safe 9 its action4 ,= ?is purpose !re is1 p]haps1 no?+ bett] ?an a l>ge teaspoonful ( gr\nd mu/>d 9 a tumbl]ful ( w>m wat]1 & x has ! advantage ( be+ almo/ always at h&4 ,if ! dry mu/>d is n to be _h use mix$ mu/>d f ! mu/>d pot4 ,its op]ation may g5]ally be facilitat$ by ! addition ( a l quantity ( common table salt4 ,if ! mu/>d is n at h&1 give two or ?ree teaspoonfuls ( p[d]$ alum 9 syrup or molasses1 & give freely ( w>m wat] to dr9k2 or give #aj to #bj gra9s ( sulphate ( z9c 7:ite vitriol71 or #bj to #cj gra9s ( ipecac1 ) #a or #b gra9s ( t>t> emetic1 9 a l>ge cup ( w>m wat]1 & repeat e t5 m9utes until ?ree or f\r doses are giv51 unless free vomit+ is soon] produc$4 ,aft] vomit+ has tak5 place l>ge draughts ( w>m wat] %\ld be giv51 s t ! vomit+ w cont9ue until ! poison\s sub/ances h be5 ?or\ghly evacuat$1 & !n suitable antidotes %\ld be giv54 ,if vomit+ _c be produc$ ! /oma* pump %\ld be us$4 ,:5 x is kn[n :at p>ticul> k9d ( poison has be5 swall[$1 !n ! prop] antidote = t poison %\ld be giv52 b :5 ?is _c be asc]ta9$1 z is (t5 ! case1 give freely ( equal p>ts ( calc9$ magnesia1 pulv]iz$ *>coal1 & sesquioxide ( iron1 9 a suffici5t quantity ( wat]4 ,?is is a v h>mless mixture & is likely to be ( great b5efit1 z ! +r$i5ts1 ?\gh v simple1 are antidotes = ! mo/ common & active poisons4 ,9 case ?is mixture _c be obta9$1 ! /oma* %\ld be soo!d & protect$ by ! free adm9i/ration ( demulc5t1 mucilag9\s1 or oleag9\s dr9ks1 su* z ! :ites ( eggs1 milk1 mucilage ( gum arabic1 or slipp]y-elm b>k1 flaxse$ tea1 />*1 :eat fl\r1 or arr[root mix$ 9 wat]1 l9se$ or olive oil1 or melt$ butt] or l>d4 ,subsequ5tly ! b[els %\ld be mov$ by "s g5tle laxative1 z a tablespoonful or two ( ca/or oil1 or a teaspoonful ( calc9$ magnesia2 & pa9 or o!r evid5ce ( inflammation mu/ be reliev$ by ! adm9i/ration ( a few drops ( laudanum1 & ! repeat$ application ( hot p\ltices1 fom5tations1 & mu/>d pla/]s4 ,! foll[+ are ! names ( ! sub/ances t may give rise to poison+1 mo/ commonly us$1 & _! antidotes3 ,m9]al ,acids--,sulphuric ,acid 7,oil ( ,vitriol71 ,nitric ,acid 7,aqua ,=tis71 ,muriatic ,acid 7,spirits ( ,salts74--,symptoms3 ,acid1 burn+ ta/e 9 ! m\?1 acute pa9 9 ! ?roat1 /oma*1 & b[els2 frequ5t vomit+1 g5]ally bloody2 m\? & lips excoriat$1 %rivel$1 :ite or yell[2 hicc\gh1 copi\s /ools1 m or less bloody1 ) great t5d]ness 9 ! abdom52 difficult brea?+1 irregul> pulse1 excessive ?ir/1 :ile dr9k increases ! pa9 & r>ely rema9s 9 ! /oma*2 frequ5t b va9 ef=ts to ur9ate2 cold sweats1 alt]$ c\nt5ance2 convulsions1 g5]ally prec$+ dea?4 ,nitric acid causes yell[ /a9s2 sulphuric acid1 black ones4 ,treatm5t3 ,mix calc9$ magnesia 9 milk or wat] to ! consi/5ce ( cream1 & give freely to dr9k a glassful e c\ple ( m9utes1 if x c be swall[$4 ,common soap 7h>d or s(t71 *alk1 :it+1 or ev5 mort> f ! wall mix$ 9 wat] may be giv51 until magnesia c be obta9$4 ,promote vomit+ by tickl+ ! ?roat1 if necess>y1 & :5 ! poison is got rid (1 flaxse$ or slipp]y-elm tea1 gruel1 or o!r mild dr9ks4 ,! inflammation :i* always foll[s ne$s good treatm5t to save ! pati5t's life4 ,vegetable ,acids--,acetic1 ,citric1 ,oxalic1 ,t>t>ic4--,symptoms3 ,int5se burn+ pa9 ( m\?1 ?roat1 & /oma*2 vomit+ blood :i* is highly acid1 viol5t purg+1 collapse1 /upor1 dea?4 ,oxalic acid is frequ5tly tak5 9 #ic mi/ake = ,epsom salts1 to :i* 9 %ops x (t5 be>s a /rong resemblance4 ,treatm5t3 ,give *alk or magnesia 9 a l>ge quantity ( wat]1 or l>ge draughts ( limewat]4 ,if ^! are n at h&1 scrape ! wall or ceil+1 & give ! scrap+s mix$ ) wat]4 ,prussic or ,hydrocyanic ,acid--,laurel ,wat]1 ,cyanide ( ,potassium1 ,bitt] ,almond ,oil1 ,etc4--,symptoms3 ,9 l>ge doses almo/ inv>iably in/antane\sly fatal2 :5 n imm$iately fatal1 sudd5 loss ( s5se & control ( ! volunt>y muscles4 ,! odor ( ! poison g5]ally noticeable on ! brea?4 ,treatm5t3 ,*lor9e1 9 ! =m ( *lor9e wat]1 9 doses ( f #a to #d fluidra*ms1 dilut$4 ,weak solution ( *loride lime ( soda2 wat] ( ammonia 7spirits ( h>t%orn71 l>gely dilut$1 may be giv51 & ! vapor ( x cauti\sly inhal$4 ,cold affusion1 & *lor(orm 9 half to teaspoonful doses 9 glyc]9e or mucilage1 repeat$ e few m9utes1 until ! symptoms are ameliorat$4 ,artificial respiration4 ,aconite--,monk%ood1 ,wolfsbane4--,symptoms3 ,numbness & t+l+ 9 ! m\? & ?roat1 & aft]w>ds 9 o!r portions ( ! body1 ) sore ?roat1 pa9 ov] ! /oma*1 & vomit+2 dimness ( vision1 dizz9ess1 great pro/ration1 loss ( s5sibility1 & delirium4 ,treatm5t3 ,an emetic & !n br&y 9 tablespoonful doses1 9 ice wat]1 e half h\r2 spirits ( ammonia 9 half-teaspoonful doses 9 l mann]2 ! cold d\*e ov] ! head & *e/1 w>m? to ! extremities1 etc4 ,alkalis & ,_! ,salts--,conc5trat$ ,lye1 ,wood-a% ,lye1 ,cau/ic ,pota%1 ,ammonia1 ,h>t%orn4--,symptoms3 ,cau/ic1 acrid ta/e1 excessive heat 9 ! ?roat1 /oma*1 & inte/9es2 vomit+ ( bloody matt]1 cold sweats1 hicc\gh1 purg+ ( bloody /ools4 ,treatm5t3 ,! common vegetable acids4 ,common v9eg>1 be+ always at h&1 is mo/ frequ5tly us$4 ,! fix$ oils1 z ca/or1 flaxse$1 almond1 & olive oils =m soaps ) ! alkalis & ?us also de/roy _! cau/ic effect4 ,!y %\ld be giv5 9 l>ge quantity4 ,antimony & ,its ,prep>ations--,t>t> ,emetic1 ,antimonial ,w9e1 ,k]me's ,m9]al4--,symptoms3 ,fa9tness & nausea1 soon foll[$ by pa9ful & cont9u$ vomit+1 sev]e di>rhea1 con/riction & burn+ s5sation 9 ! ?roat1 cramps1 or spasmodic twit*+s1 ) symptoms ( n]v\s d]angem5t1 & great pro/ration ( /r5g?1 (t5 t]m9at+ 9 dea?4 ,treatm5t3 ,if vomit+ has n be5 produc$1 x %\ld be effect$ by tickl+ ! fauces1 & adm9i/]+ copi\s draughts ( w>m wat]4 ,a/r+5t infusions1 su* z ( gall1 oak b>k1 ,p]uvian b>k1 act z antidotes1 & %\ld be giv5 promptly4 ,p[d]$ yell[ b>k may be us$ until ! infusion is prep>$1 or v /rong gre5 tea %\ld be giv54 ,to /op ! vomit+1 %\ld x cont9ue1 bli/] ov] ! /oma* by apply+ a clo? wet ) /rong spirits ( h>t%orn1 & !n spr9kle on "o-eigh? to "o-f\r? ( a gra9 ( morphia4 ,ars5ic & ,its ,prep>ations--,ratsbane1 ,f[l]'s ,solution1 ,etc4--,symptoms3 ,g5]ally )9 an h\r pa9 & heat are felt 9 ! /oma*1 soon foll[$ by vomit+1 ) a burn+ dryness ( ! ?roat & great ?ir/2 ! matt]s vomit$ are g5]ally color$ ei!r gre5 yell[1 or br[n1 & are sometimes bloody4 ,di>rhea or dys5t]y ensues1 :ile ! pulse becomes small & rapid1 yet irregul>4 ,brea?+ mu* oppress$2 difficulty 9 vomit+ may occur1 :ile cramps1 convulsions1 or ev5 p>alysis (t5 prec$e dea?1 :i* sometimes takes place )9 five or six h\rs aft] ars5ic has be5 tak54 ,treatm5t3 ,give a prompt emetic1 & !n hydrate ( p]oxide ( iron 7rec5tly prep>$7 9 tablespoonful doses e #aj or #ae m9utes until ! urg5t symptoms are reliev$4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ?is1 or :ile x is be+ prep>$1 give l>ge draughts ( new milk & raw eggs1 limewat] & oil1 melt$ butt]1 magnesia 9 a l>ge quantity ( wat]1 or ev5 if no?+ else is at h&1 fl\r & wat]1 always1 h[ev]1 giv+ an emetic ! fir/ ?+1 or caus+ vomit+ by tickl+ ! ?roat ) a fea!r1 etc4 ,! inflammation ( ! /oma* :i* foll[s mu/ be treat$ by bli/]s1 hot fom5tations1 mucilag9\s dr9ks1 & ! l4 ,belladonna1 or ,deadly ,night%ade4--,symptoms3 ,dryness ( ! m\? & ?roat1 great ?ir/1 difficulty ( swall[+1 nausea1 dimness1 confusion or loss ( vision1 great enl>gem5t ( ! pupils1 dizz9ess1 delirium1 & coma4 ,treatm5t3 ,!re is no kn[n antidote4 ,give a prompt emetic & !n reliance mu/ be plac$ on cont9ual /imulation ) br&y1 :isky1 etc41 & to necess>y artificial respiration4 ,opium & its prep>ations1 z morphia1 laudanum1 etc41 are ?\ght by "s to #id c\nt]act ! effect ( belladonna1 & may be giv5 9 small & repeat$ doses1 z also /rong black c(fee & gre5 tea4 ,blue ,vitriol1 or ,blue ,/one4--,see ,copp]4 ,can?>ides 7,spani% or ,bli/]+ ,fly7 & ,mod]n ,potato ,bug4--,symptoms3 ,sick5+ odor ( ! brea?1 s\r ta/e1 ) burn+ heat 9 ! ?roat1 /oma*1 & b[els2 frequ5t vomit+1 (t5 bloody2 copi\s bloody /ools1 great pa9 9 ! /oma*1 ) burn+ s5sation 9 ! bladd] & difficulty to ur9ate foll[$ ) t]rible convulsions1 delirium1 & dea?4 ,treatm5t3 ,excite vomit+ by dr9k+ pl5tifully ( sweet oil or o!r :olesome oils1 sug> & wat]1 milk1 or slipp]y-elm tea2 give injections ( ca/or oil & />*1 or w>m milk4 ,! inflammatory symptoms :i* g5]ally foll[ mu/ be treat$ by a physician4 ,camphorat$ oil or camphorat$ spirits %\ld be rubb$ ov] ! b[els1 /oma*1 & ?ighs4 ,cau/ic ,pota%4--,see ,alkalis "u ?is title4 ,cobalt1 or ,fly ,p[d]4--,symptoms3 ,heat & pa9 9 ! ?roat & /oma*1 viol5t ret*+ & vomit+1 cold & clammy sk91 small & feeble pulse1 hurri$ & difficult brea?+1 di>rhea1 etc4 ,treatm5t3 ,an emetic1 foll[$ by ! free adm9i/ration ( milk1 eggs1 :eat fl\r & wat]1 & mucilag9\s dr9ks4 ,copp]--,blue ,vitriol1 ,v]digris or ,pickles or ,food ,cook$ 9 ,copp] ,vessels4--,symptoms3 ,g5]al inflammation ( ! alim5t>y canal1 suppression ( ur9e2 hicc\gh1 a disagreeable metallic ta/e1 vomit+1 viol5t colic1 excessive ?ir/1 s5se ( tightness ( ! ?roat1 anxiety2 fa9tness1 gidd9ess1 & cramps & convulsions g5]ally prec$e dea?4 ,treatm5t3 ,l>ge doses ( simple syrup z w>m z c be swall[$1 until ! /oma* rejects ! am\nt x conta9s4 ,! :ites ( eggs & l>ge quantities ( milk4 ,hydrat$ p]oxide ( iron4 ,creosote--,c>bolic ,acid4--,symptoms3 ,burn+ pa91 acrid1 pung5t ta/e1 ?ir/1 vomit+1 purg+1 etc4 ,treatm5t3 ,an emetic & ! free adm9i/ration ( album51 z ! :ites ( eggs1 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( ^!1 milk1 or fl\r & wat]4 ,corrosive ,sublimate4--,see ,m]cury "u ?is title4 ,deadly ,night%ade4--,see ,belladonna "u ?is title4 ,foxglove1 or ,digitalis4--,symptoms3 ,loss ( /r5g?1 feeble1 flutt]+ pulse1 fa9tness1 nausea & vomit+ & /upor2 cold p]spiration1 dilat$ pupils1 sigh+1 irregul> brea?+1 & sometimes convulsions4 ,treatm5t3 ,aft] vomit+1 give br&y & ammonia 9 frequ5tly repeat$ doses1 apply w>m? to ! extremities1 & if necess>y resort to artificial respiration4 ,gases--,c>bonic ,acid1 ,*lor9e1 ,cyanog51 ,hydrosulphuric ,acid1 ,etc4--,symptoms3 ,great dr[s9ess1 difficult respiration1 features swoll51 face blue z 9 /rangulation4 ,treatm5t3 ,artificial respiration1 cold d\*e1 friction ) /imulat+ sub/ances to ! surface ( ! body4 ,inhalation ( /eam conta9+ prep>ations ( ammonia4 ,cupp+ f nape ( neck4 ,int]nal use ( *lor(orm4 ,hellebore1 or ,indian ,poke4--,symptoms3 ,viol5t vomit+ & purg+1 bloody /ools1 great anxiety1 tremors1 v]tigo1 fa9t+1 s9k+ ( ! pulse1 cold sweats1 & convulsions4 ,treatm5t3 ,excite spe$y vomit+ by l>ge draughts ( w>m wat]1 molasses & wat]1 tickl+ ! ?roat ) ! f+] or a fea!r1 & emetics2 give oily & mucilag9\s dr9ks1 oily purgatives1 & cly/]s1 acids1 /rong c(fee1 camphor1 & opium4 ,hemlock 7,conium74--,symptoms3 ,dryness ( ! ?roat1 tremors1 dizz9ess1 difficulty ( swall[+1 pro/ration1 & fa9tness1 limbs p[]less or p>alyz$1 pupils dilat$1 pulse rapid & feeble2 ins5sibility & convulsions sometimes prec$e dea?4 ,treatm5t3 ,empty ! /oma* & give br&y 9 tablespoonful doses1 ) half teaspoonful ( spirits ( ammonia1 frequ5tly repeat$1 & if mu* pa9 & vomit+1 give bromide ( ammonium 9 #e-;gra9 doses e half h\r4 ,artificial respiration may be requir$4 ,h5bane1 or ,hyoscyamus4--,symptoms3 ,muscul> twit*+1 inability to articulate pla9ly1 dimness ( vision & /upor2 lat]1 vomit+ & purg+1 small int]mitt5t pulse1 convulsive movem5t ( ! extremities1 & coma4 ,treatm5t3 ,simil> to opium poison+1 :i* see4 ,iod9e4--,symptoms3 ,burn+ pa9 9 ?roat1 lac]at+ pa9 9 ! /oma*1 fruitless ef=t to vomit1 excessive t5d]ness ( ! epiga/rium4 ,treatm5t3 #ie ,free emesis1 prompt adm9i/ration ( />*1 :eat fl\r1 or arr[root1 beat5 up 9 wat]4 ,lead--,acetate ( ,lead1 ,sug> ( ,lead1 ,dry ,:ite ,lead1 ,r$ ,lead1 ,li?>ge1 or ,pickles1 ,w9e1 or ,v9eg> ,sweet5$ by ,lead4--,symptoms3 ,:5 tak5 9 l>ge doses1 a sweet b a/r+5t metallic ta/e exi/s1 ) con/riction 9 ! ?roat1 pa9 9 ! region ( ! /oma*1 pa9ful1 ob/9ate1 & frequ5tly bloody vomit+s1 hicc\gh1 convulsions or spasms1 & dea?4 ,:5 tak5 9 small b long-cont9u$ doses x produces colic1 call$ pa9t]s' colic2 great pa91 ob/9ate con/ipation1 & 9 extreme cases p>alytic symptoms1 especially wri/-drop1 ) a blue l9e along ! edge ( ! gums4 ,treatm5t3 ,to c\nt]act ! poison give alum 9 wat] #a #a_/b ounce to a qu>t2 or1 bett] /ill1 ,epsom salts or ,glaub]'s salts1 an ounce ( ei!r 9 a qu>t ( wat]2 or dilute sulphuric acid1 a teaspoonful to a qu>t ( wat]4 ,if a l>ge quantity ( sug> ( lead has be5 rec5tly tak51 empty ! /oma* by an emetic ( sulphate ( z9c 7#a dra*m 9 a qu>t ( wat]71 giv+ "o-f\r? to comm5ce1 & repeat+ small] doses until free vomit+ is produc$2 ca/or oil %\ld be giv5 to cle> ! b[els & injections ( oil & />* freely adm9i/]$4 ,if ! body is cold use ! w>m ba?4 ,mead[ ,saffron4--,see ,belladonna4 ,laudanum4--,see ,opium4 ,lobelia--,indian ,poke4--,symptoms3 ,excessive vomit+ & purg+1 pa9s 9 ! b[els1 contraction ( ! pupils1 delirium1 coma1 & convulsions4 ,treatm5t3 ,mu/>d ov] ! /oma*1 & br&y & ammonia4 ,m]cury--,corrosive ,sublimate 7bug poisons frequ5tly conta9 ?is poison71 ,r$ ,precipitate1 ,*9ese or ,engli% ,v]milion4--,symptoms3 ,acrid1 metallic ta/e 9 ! m\?1 imm$iate con/riction & burn+ 9 ! ?roat1 ) anxiety & te>+ pa9s 9 bo? /oma* & b[els1 sickness1 & vomit+ ( v>i\s-color$ fluids1 & sometimes bloody & pr(use di>rhea1 ) difficulty & pa9 9 ur9at+2 pulse quick1 small1 & h>d2 fa9t s5sations1 great debility1 difficult brea?+1 cramps1 cold sweats1 syncope1 & convulsions4 ,treatm5t3 ,if vomit+ does n already exi/1 emetics mu/ be giv5 imm$iately--:ite ( eggs 9 cont9u\s l>ge doses1 & infusion ( cate*u aft]w>ds1 sweet milk1 mixtures ( fl\r & wat] 9 successive cupfuls1 & to *eck excessive salivation put a half ounce ( *lorate ( pota% 9 a tumbl] ( wat]1 & use freely z a g>gle1 & swall[ a tablespoonful e h\r or two4 ,morph9e4--,see ,opium4 ,nitrate ( ,silv] 7,lun> ,cau/ic74--,symptoms3 ,int5se pa9 & vomit+1 & purg+ ( blood1 mucus1 & %r$s ( muc\s membranes2 & if ^! /& !y become d>k4 ,treatm5t3 ,give freely ( a solution ( common salt 9 wat]1 :i* decomposes ! poison1 & aft]w>ds flaxse$ or slipp]y-elm-b>k tea1 & aft] a :ile a dose ( ca/or oil4 ,opium & ,all ,its ,comp\nds--,morph9e1 ,laudanum1 ,p>egoric1 ,etc4--,symptoms3 ,gidd9ess1 dr[s9ess1 increas+ to /upor1 & ins5sibility2 pulse usually1 at fir/1 quick & irregul>1 & brea?+ hurri$1 & aft]w>ds pulse sl[ & feeble1 & respiration sl[ & noisy2 ! pupils are contract$ & ! eyes & face conge/$1 & lat]1 z dea? approa*es1 ! extremities become cold1 ! surface is cov]$ ) cold1 clammy p]spiration1 & ! sph9ct]s relax4 ,! effects ( opium & its prep>ations1 9 poison\s doses1 appe> 9 f a half to two h\rs f its adm9i/ration4 ,treatm5t3 ,empty ! /oma* imm$iately ) an emetic or ) ! /oma* pump4 ,!n give v /rong c(fee )\t milk2 put mu/>d pla/]s on ! wri/s & ankles2 d\*e ! head & *e/ ) cold wat]1 & if ! pati5t is cold & s9k+1 give br&y1 or :isky & ammonia4 ,belladonna is ?\ght by _m to c\nt]act ! poison\s effects ( opium1 & may be giv5 9 doses ( half to a teaspoonful ( ! t9cture1 or #b gra9s ( ! extract1 e #bj m9utes1 until "s effect is obs]v$ 9 caus+ ! pupils to exp&4 ,use w>m? & friction1 & if possible prev5t sleep = "s h\rs1 = :i* purpose ! pati5t %\ld be walk$ ab\t betwe5 two p]sons4 ,f9ally1 z a la/ resort1 use artificial respiration1 p]si/5ce 9 :i* w sometimes be rew>d$ ) success 9 app>5tly hopeless cases4 ,electricity %\ld also be tri$4 ,cooley advises z foll[s3 ,vomit+ mu/ be induc$ z soon z possible1 by means ( a /rong emetic & tickl+ ! fauces4 ,if ?is does n succe$1 ! /oma* pump %\ld be appli$4 ,! emetic may consi/ ( a half dra*m ( sulphate ( z9c dissolv$ 9 a half p9t ( w>m wat]1 ( :i* "o-?ird %\ld #if be tak5 at once1 & ! rema9d] at ! rate ( a w9eglassful e #e or #aj m9utes1 until vomit+ comm5ces4 ,:5 !re is mu* dr[s9ess or /upor #a or #b fluidra*ms ( t9cture ( capsicum w be f\nd a useful addition2 or "o ( ! =mulas = emetic draughts may be tak5 in/ead4 ,infusion ( galls1 c9*ona1 or oak b>k %\ld be freely adm9i/]$ be=e ! emetic1 & wat] s\r$ ) v9eg> & lemon juice1 aft] ! /oma* has be5 well cle>$ out4 ,to r\se ! sy/em _s & wat] or /rong c(fee may be giv54 ,to keep ! suff]] awake1 r\gh friction %\ld be appli$ to ! sk91 an upright po/ure pres]v$1 & walk+ ex]cise en=c$1 if necess>y4 ,:5 ?is is ineffectual cold wat] may be da%$ ov] ! *e/1 head1 & sp9e1 or mild %ocks ( electricity may be _h rec\rse to4 ,to all[ ! suff]] to sleep is to ab&on him to de/ruction4 ,ble$+ may be subsequ5tly necess>y 9 ple?oric habits1 or 9 ?reat5$ conge/ion4 ,! co/iv5ess t accompanies convalesc5ce may be be/ met by aromatic ap]i5ts2 & ! g5]al tone ( ! habit re/or$ by /imulat+ tonics & ! %[] ba?4 ,! smalle/ fatal dose ( opium 9 ! case ( an adult )9 our recollection 0 #d #a_/b gra9s4 ,*ildr5 are mu* m susceptible to ! action ( opium ?an ( o!r m$ic9es1 & h5ce ! dose ( x = !m mu/ be dim9i%$ consid]ably bel[ t indicat$ by ! common me?od ( calculation dep5d+ on ! age4 ,oxalic ,acid4--,see ,acids4 ,phosphorus--,f\nd 9 ,lucif] ,mat*es & ,"s ,rat ,poisons4--,symptoms3 ,symptoms ( irritant poison+2 pa9 9 ! /oma* & b[els2 vomit+1 di>rhea2 t5d]ness & t5sion ( ! abdom54 ,treatm5t3 ,an emetic is to be promptly giv52 copi\s draughts conta9+ magnesia 9 susp5sion2 mucilag9\s dr9ks4 ,g5]al treatm5t = inflammatory symptoms4 ,poison\s ,mu%rooms4--,symptoms3 ,nausea1 heat & pa9s 9 ! /oma* & b[els2 vomit+ & purg+1 ?ir/1 convulsions1 & fa9t+s2 pulse small & frequ5t1 dilat$ pupil & /upor1 cold sweats & dea?4 ,treatm5t3 ,! /oma* & b[els are to be cle>$ by an emetic ( gr\nd mu/>d or sulphate ( z9c1 foll[$ by frequ5t doses ( ,glaub]'s or ( ,epsom salts1 & l>ge /imulat+ cly/]s4 ,aft] ! poison is evacuat$1 ei!r may be giv5 ) small quantities ( br&y & wat]4 ,b if inflammatory symptoms manife/ !mselves su* /imuli %\ld be avoid$1 & ^! symptoms appropriately treat$4 ,a hypod]mic injection ( #a_/fb gra9 ( atrop9e is ! late/ discov]$ antidote4 ,pota%4--,see ,alkali4 ,prussic or ,hydrocyanic ,acid4--,see ,acids4 ,poison ,ivy4--,symptoms3 ,contact )1 & ) _m p]sons ! ne> approa* to1 ! v9e gives rise to viol5t erysipelat\s inflammation1 especially ( ! face & h&s1 att5d$ ) it*+1 r$ness1 burn+1 & swell+1 ) wat]y bli/]s4 ,treatm5t3 ,give sal9e laxatives1 & apply weak sug> ( lead & laudanum1 or limewat] & sweet oil1 or ba! ! p>ts freely ) spirits ( nit]4 ,ano9t+ ) oil w prev5t poison+ f x4 ,saltpet] 7,nitrate ( ,pota%74--,symptoms3 ,only poison\s 9 l>ge quantities1 & !n causes nausea1 pa9ful vomit+1 purg+1 convulsions1 fa9tness1 feeble pulse1 cold feet & h&s1 ) te>+ pa9s 9 /oma* & b[els4 ,treatm5t3 ,treat z is direct$ = ars5ic1 = !re is no antidote kn[n1 & empty+ ! /oma* & b[els ) mild dr9ks mu/ be reli$ on4 ,sav9e4--,symptoms3 ,%>p pa9s 9 ! b[els1 hot sk91 rapid pulse1 viol5t vomit+ & sometimes purg+1 ) great pro/ration4 ,treatm5t3 ,mu/>d & hot fom5tations ov] ! /oma* & b[els & ice all[$ 9 ! /oma* only until ! inflammation ceases4 ,if pro/ration comes on1 food & /imulants mu/ be giv5 by injection4 ,/ramonium1 ,?orn ,apple1 or ,jame/[n ,we$4--,symptoms3 ,v]tigo1 heada*e1 p]v]sion ( vision1 slight delirium1 s5se ( suffocation1 disposition to sleep1 b[els relax$1 & all secretions augm5t$4 ,treatm5t3 ,same z = belladonna4 ,snake ,bites1 ,cure =4--,! ,inspector ( ,police 9 ! ,b5gal ,gov]nm5t reports t ( #ici cases 9 :i* ammonia 0 freely adm9i/]$1 #bjg victims h recov]$1 & 9 ! cur$ in/ances ! rem$y 0 n adm9i/]$ till ab\t #c #a_/b h\rs aft] ! attack2 on ! av]age ( ! fatal cases ! correspond+ duration ( "t 0 #d #a_/b h\rs4 ,/ry*n9e or ,nux ,vomica4--,! *>act]i/ic symptom is ! special influ5ce ex]t$ ^u ! n]v\s sy/em1 #ig :i* is manife/$ by a g5]al contraction ( all ! muscles ( ! body1 ) rigidity ( ! sp9al column4 ,a pr(\nd calm soon succe$s1 :i* is foll[$ by a new tetanic seizure1 long] ?an ! fir/1 dur+ :i* ! respiration is susp5d$4 ,^! symptoms !n cease1 ! brea?+ becomes easy1 & !re is /upor1 foll[$ by ano!r g5]al contraction4 ,9 fatal cases ^! attacks are r5ew$1 at int]vals1 ) increas+ viol5ce1 until dea? ensues4 ,"o ph5om5on :i* is f\nd only 9 poison+s by sub/ances conta9+ /ry*n9e is t t\*+ any "p ( ! body1 or ev5 ?reat5+ to d s1 in/antly produces ! tetanic spasm4 ,antidote3 ,! /oma* %\ld be imm$iately cle>$ by means ( an emetic1 tickl+ ! fauces1 etc4 ,to c\nt]act ! asphyxia f tetanus1 etc41 artificial respiration %\ld be practic$ ) dilig5ce & c>e4 8,if ! poison has be5 appli$ ext]nally1 we ought imm$iately to caut]ize ! "p1 & apply a ligature tightly above ! w\nd4 ,if ! poison has be5 swall[$ = "s "t we %\ld give a purgative cly/]1 & adm9i/] draughts conta9+ sulphuric e!r or oil ( turp5t9e1 :i* 9 mo/ cases produce a salut>y effect4 ,la/ly1 injections ( *lor9e & decoction ( tann9 are ( value40 ,accord+ to ,*4 ,gun!r ! greate/ reliance may be plac$ on full doses ( opium1 assi/$ by v5esection1 9 cases ( poison+ by /ry*nia or nux vomica4 ,8 plan is to adm9i/] ?is drug 9 ! =m ( solution or mixture1 9 comb9ation ) a sal9e ap]i5t4 ,ano!r treatm5t is to give1 if obta9able1 #a ounce or m ( bone *>coal mix$ ) wat]1 & foll[ ) an active emetic2 !n to give *lor(orm 9 teaspoonful doses1 9 fl\r & wat] or glyc]9e1 e few m9utes :ile ! spasms la/1 & aft]w>ds br&y & /imulants1 & w>m? ( ! extremities if necess>y4 ,recov]ies h foll[$ ! free & prompt adm9i/ration ( oils or melt$ butt] or l>d4 ,9 all cases empty ! /oma* if possible4 ,sulphate ( ,z9c--,:ite ,vitriol4--,see ,z9c4 ,t9--,*loride ( ,t91 ,solution ( ,t9 7us$ by dy]s71 ,oxide ( ,t91 or ,putty ,p[d]4--,symptoms3 ,vomit+1 pa9s 9 ! /oma*1 anxiety1 re/lessness1 frequ5t pulse1 delirium1 etc4 ,treatm5t3 ,empty ! /oma*1 & give :ites ( eggs 9 wat]1 milk 9 l>ge quantities1 or fl\r beat5 up 9 wat]1 ) magnesia or *alk4 ,t>t> ,emetic4--,see ,antimony4 ,tobacco4--,symptoms3 ,v]tigo1 /upor1 fa9t+1 nausea1 vomit+1 sudd5 n]v\s debility1 cold sweat1 tremors1 & at times fatal pro/ration4 ,treatm5t3 ,aft] ! /oma* is empty apply mu/>d to ! abdom5 & to ! extremities1 & give /rong c(fee1 ) br&y & o!r /imulants1 ) w>m? to ! extremities4 ,z9c--,oxide ( ,z9c1 ,sulphate ( ,z9c1 ,:ite ,vitriol1 ,acetate ( ,z9c4--,symptoms3 ,viol5t vomit+1 a/r+5t ta/e1 burn+ pa9 9 ! /oma*1 pale c\nt5ance1 cold extremities1 dull eyes1 flutt]+ pulse4 ,dea? seldom ensues1 9 consequ5ce ( ! emetic effect4 ,treatm5t3 ,! vomit+ may be reliev$ by copi\s draughts ( w>m wat]4 ,c>bonate ( soda1 adm9i/]$ 9 solution1 w decompose ! sulphate ( z9c4 ,milk & album5 w also act z antidotes4 ,g5]al pr9ciples to be obs]v$ 9 ! subsequ5t treatm5t4 ,woor>a4--,symptoms3 ,:5 tak5 into ! /oma* x is in]t2 :5 absorb$ ?r\gh a w\nd x causes sudd5 /upor & ins5sibility1 fro?+ at ! m\?1 & spe$y dea?4 ,treatm5t3 ,suck ! w\nd imm$iately1 or cut x out & tie a cord ar\nd ! limb betwe5 ! w\nd & ! he>t4 ,apply iod9e1 or iodide ( potassium1 & give x int]nally1 & try artificial respiration4 ,,antif]m5ts4 ,! foll[+ are tri$ & useful =mulas3 ,i4--,sulphite 7n sulphate7 ( lime1 9 f9e p[d]1 #a "p2 m>ble du/1 gr\nd oy/] %ells1 or *alk1 #g p>ts2 mix1 & pack tight1 s z to exclude ! air4 ,,ii4--,sulphite 7n sulphate7 ( potassa1 #a "p2 new black-mu/>d se$ 7gr\nd 9 a pepp] mill71 #g p>ts2 mix1 & pack s z to exclude air & moi/ure p]fectly4 ,dose 7( ei!r71 #a_/b ounce to #a #a_/b ounces p] hog%ead4 ,,iii4--,mu/>d se$1 #ad p\nds2 cloves & capsicum1 ( ea*1 #a #a_/d p\nds2 mix1 & gr9d !m to p[d] 9 a pepp] mill4 ,dose1 #a_/d to #a_/b p\nd p] hog%ead4 ,a portion ( any "o ( ^! comp\nds add$ to cid]1 or ! l1 soon allays f]m5tation1 :5 excessive1 or :5 x has be5 r5ew$4 ,! fir/ =mula is pref]r$ :5 !re is a t5d5cy to acidity4 ,! second & ?ird may be advantage\sly us$ = w9e & be]1 z #ih well z = cid]4 ,! ?ird comp\nd greatly improves ! flavor & ! app>5t /r5g? ( ! liquor1 & also improves its keep+ qualities4 ,an*ovy ,prep>ations ,extemporane\s ,an*ovy ,sauce4-- ,an*ovies1 *opp$ small #c or #d ,butt] #c ounces ,wat] #b ounces ,v9eg> #a ounce ,fl\r #a ounce ,mix1 place ov] ! fire1 & /ir until ! mixture ?ick5s4 ,!n rub ?r\gh a co>se sieve4 ,ess5ce ( ,an*ovies4--,remove ! bones f #a p\nd ( an*ovies1 r$uce ! rema9+ portions ( ! fi% to a pulp 9 a ,w$gewood mort>1 & pass ?r\gh a clean hair or brass sieve4 ,boil ! bones & o!r portions :i* w n pass ?r\gh ! sieve 9 #a p9t ( wat] = #ae m9utes1 & /ra94 ,to ! /ra9$ liquor add #b #a_/b ounces ( salt & #b #a_/b ounces ( fl\r1 & ! pulp$ an*ovies4 ,let ! :ole simm] ov] ! fire = ?ree or f\r m9utes2 remove f ! fire1 & :5 ! mixture has cool$ a little add #d ounces ( /rong v9eg>4 ,! product 7ne>ly #c p\nds7 may be !n bottl$1 & ! corks ti$ ov] ) bladd]1 & ei!r wax$ or capsul$4 ,an*ovy ,pa/e4-- ,an*ovies #g p\nds ,wat] #i p9ts ,salt #a p\nd ,fl\r #a p\nd ,capsicum #a_/d ounce ,grat$ lemon peel #a ,mu%room catsup #d ounces ,an*ovy ,butt]4-- ,an*ovies1 bon$ & beat5 to a pa/e #a "p ,butt] #b p>ts ,spice en\gh ,,antif\l+ ,,compositions3 ,see ,pa9ts4 ,,antifreez+ ,,solution3 ,see ,freez+ ,prev5tives4 ,,antifriction ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys1 "u ,phosphor ,bronze & ,antifriction ,metals4 ,,antiques1 ,,to ,,pres]ve4 ,! be/ process = ! pres]vation ( antique metallic articles consi/s 9 a retrans=mation ( ! metallic oxides into metal by ! electrolytic me?od4 ,= ?is purpose a z9c /rip is w\nd ar\nd ! article & ! latt] is laid 9 a soda-lye solution ( #e p] c5t1 or susp5d$ z ! negative pole ( a small batt]y 9 a potassium cyanide solution ( #b p] c5t4 ,:]e ?is me?od does n seem practicable x is advisable to edulcorate ! objects 9 runn+ wat]1 9 :i* op]ation fragile or easily de/roy$ articles may be protect$ by w9d+ ) gauze2 next1 !y %\ld be c>efully dri$1 fir/ 9 ! air1 !n ) mod]ate heat1 & f9ally protect$ f fur!r de/ruction by imm]sion 9 melt$ p>aff9e4 ,a dry place is requir$ = /or+ ! articles1 s9ce p>aff9e is n p]fectly imp]meable to wat] 9 ! %ape ( /eam4 ,,antiru/ ,,compositions3 ,see ,ru/ ,prev5tives4 ,antiseptics ,antiseptic ,p[d]s4-- ,i4--,borax #c ounces ,dri$ alum #c ounces ,?ymol #bb gra9s ,eucalyptol #bj drops ,m5?ol #a #a_/b gra9s ,ph5ol #ae gra9s ,oil ( gaul!ria #d drops ,c>m9e to give a p9k t9t4 ,,ii4--,alum1 p[d]$ #ej p>ts by weight ,borax1 p[d]$ #ej p>ts by weight ,c>bolic acid1 cry/als #e p>ts by weight ,oil ( eucalyptus #e p>ts by weight ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #e p>ts by weight ,m5?ol #e p>ts by weight ,?ymol #e p>ts by weight ,,iii4--,boracic acid #aj ounces ,sodium biborate #d ounces ,alum #a ounce ,z9c sulphoc>bolate #a ounce ,?ymic acid #a dra*m4 ,mix ?or\ghly4 ,= an antiseptic wa% dissolve #a or #b dra*ms 9 a qu>t ( w>m wat]4 ,,iv4--,ektogan is a new du/+ p[d] :i* is a mixture ( z9c hydroxide & dioxide4 ,x is equival5t to ab\t #h p] c5t ( active oxyg54 ,x is a yell[i%-:ite odorless & ta/eless p[d]1 insoluble 9 wat]4 ,x is us$ ext]nally 9 w\nds & 9 sk9 diseases z a moi/ dress+ mix$ ) citric1 t>t>ic1 or #ii tannic acid1 :i* causes ! lib]ation ( oxyg54 ,) iodides x lib]ates iod9e4 ,x is /at$ to be /rongly antiseptic2 x is us$ 9 ! =m ( a p[d]1 a gauze1 & a pla/]4 ,antiseptic ,p5cils4-- ,i4--,tann9 q4 s4 ,alcohol1 q4 s #a "p ,e!r1 q4 s #c p>ts ,make into a mass1 us+ z an excipi5t ! alcohol & e!r previ\sly mix$4 ,roll into p5cils ( ! desir$ l5g? & ?ickness4 ,!n coat ) collodion1 roll 9 pure silv] leaf1 & f9ally coat ) ! foll[+ solution ( gelat9e & set aside to dry3 ,gelat9e #a dra*m ,wat] #a p9t ,dissolve by ! aid ( a g5tle heat4 ,:5 want$ = use1 %ave away a portion ( ! cov]+1 dip ! p5cil into tepid wat] & apply4 ,,ii4--,p5cils = /opp+ ble$+ are prep>$ by mix+3 ,purifi$ alum #dhj p>ts by weight ,borax #bd p>ts by weight ,oxide z9c #b #a_/b p>ts by weight ,?ymol #h p>ts by weight ,=mal9 #d p>ts by weight ,melt+ c>efully 9 a wat] ba?1 add+ "s p]fume1 & =m+ mixture into p5cils or cones4 ,a v conv5i5t way to =m into p5cils :]e no mold ne$ be made is to take a small glass tube1 roll a piece ( oil pap] ar\nd ! tube1 remove ! glass tube1 crimp ! pap] tube ?us =m$ on "o end & /& x on end or 9 a bottle1 & p\r ! melt$ solution 9 x & leave until cool1 !n remove ! pap]4 ,antiseptic ,pa/e 7,poison7 = ,organic ,specim5s4-- 7a7 ,:eat fl\r #af ounces ,beat to a batt] ) cold wat] #af fluid\nces ,!n p\r into boil+ wat] #cb fluid\nces 7b7 ,pulv]iz$ gum arabic #b ounces ,dissolve 9 boil+ wat] #d fluid\nces 7c7 ,pulv]iz$ alum #b ounces ,dissolve 9 boil+ wat] #d fluid\nces 7d7 ,acetate ( lead #b ounces ,dissolve 9 boil+ wat] #d fluid\nces 7e7 ,corrosive sublimate #aj gra9s ,mix 7a7 & 7b7 :ile hot & cont9ue to simm]2 mean:ile /ir 9 7c7 & mix ?or\ghly2 !n add 7d74 ,/ir briskly1 & p\r 9 ! dry corrosive sublimate4 ,?is pa/e is v poison\s4 ,x is us$ = anatomical "w & = pa/+ organic tissue1 labels on skeletons1 etc4 ,m\? ,antiseptics4--,i4--,?ymic acid1 #be c5tigrams 7#c #a_/d gra9s73 b5zoic acid1 #c grams 7#de gra9s72 ess5ce ( pepp]m9t1 #ge c5tigrams 7#aj m9ims72 t9cture ( eucalyptus1 #ae grams 7#d #a_/b dra*ms72 alcohol1 #ajj grams 7#c ounces74 ,put suffici5t 9 a glass ( wat] to r5d] latt] milky4 ,,ii4--,tann91 #ab grams 7#c dra*ms72 m5?ol1 #h grams 7#b dra*ms72 ?ymol1 #a gram 7#ae gra9s72 t9cture b5zo91 #f grams 7#ij m9ims72 alcohol1 #ajj grams 7#c ounces74 ,t5 drops 9 a half-glassful ( tepid wat]4 ,see also ,d5tifrices = ,m\? ,wa%es4 ,antiseptic ,pa/e4--,difficulty is (t5 exp]i5c$ 9 apply+ an antiseptic dress+ to moi/ surfaces1 su* z ! lips aft] op]ation = h>elip4 ,a pa/e = ?is purpose is describ$ by its orig9ator1 ,soc94 ,! composition is3 ,z9c oxide1 #ej p>ts2 z9c *loride1 #e p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #ej p>ts4 ,! pa/e is appli$ to ! w\nd1 previ\sly dri$ by means ( a bru% or spatula1 all[$ to dry on1 & to rema9 9 place five or six days4 ,x may !n be remov$ & a fre% application made4 ,potassium bic>bonate #cb4j grams ,sodium b5zoate #cb4j grams ,sodium borate #h4j grams ,?ymol #j4b gram ,eucalyptol #b4j c4 c5t4 ,oil ( pepp]m9t #j4b c4 c5t4 ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #j4d c4 c5t4 ,t9cture ( cudbe> #ae4j c4 c5t4 ,alcohol4 #fj4j c4 c5t4 ,glyc]9e #bej4j c4 c5t4 ,wat]1 en\gh to make #a1jjj4j c4 c5timet]s ,dissolve ! salts 9 #fej cubic c5timet]s ( wat]1 & ! ?ymol1 eucalyptol1 & oils 9 ! alcohol4 ,mix ! alcoholic solution ) ! glyc]9e & add ! aque\s liquid1 !n ! t9cture ( cudbe>1 & la/ly en\gh wat] to make #a1jjj cubic c5timet]s4 ,all[ to /& a few days1 !n filt]1 add+ a little magnesium c>bonate to ! filt]1 if necess>y1 to get a brilliant filtrate4 ,?is is f ! ,=mul>y ( ! ,b\rnem\? ,ph>maceutical ,association1 z report$ 9 ! ,canadian ,ph>maceutical ,association3 #ajj ,alkal9e ,glyc]9e ( ,?ymol4-- ,sodium bic>bonate #ajj gra9s ,sodium biborate #bjj gra9s ,sodium b5zoate #hj gra9s ,sodium salicylate #dj gra9s ,m5?ol #b gra9s ,pumilio p9e oil #d m9ims ,w9t]gre5 oil #b m9ims ,?ymol #d gra9s ,eucalyptol #ab m9ims ,comp\nd ,solution ( ,?ymol4-- ,a ,b5zoic acid #fd gra9s ,borax #fd gra9s ,boric acid #abh gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #f ounces ,dissolve4 ,b ,?ymol #bj gra9s ,m5?ol #f gra9s ,eucalyptol #d m9ims ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #d m9ims ,oil ( pepp]m9t #b m9ims ,oil ( ?yme #a m9im ,alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 #c ounces ,dissolve4 ,mix solutions ,a & ,b1 make up to #bj fluid\nces ) di/ill$ wat]1 & filt]4 ,oil ( ,c9namon z an ,antiseptic4--,oil ( c9namon 9 a #i-p]-c5t emulsion1 :5 us$ ^u ! h&s1 completely /]ilizes !m4 ,a #g- to #h-p]-c5t emulsion is equal to a #a-p]-c5t solution ( corrosive sublimate & is c]ta9ly f> m agreeable to use4 ,oil ( ?yme 9 an #aa-p]-c5t solution is equal to a #g-p]-c5t solution ( c9namon oil4 ,gre5 ,color+ = ,antiseptic ,solutions4--,! safe/ color+ sub/ance = use 9 a prep>ation int5d$ ei!r = int]nal adm9i/ration or = application to ! sk9 is ! color+ matt] ( leaves1 *lorophyll4 ,a t9cture ( sp9a* or ( grass made by mac]at+ #b ounces ( ! fre%ly cut leaves 9 a p9t ( alcohol = five days w be f\nd to give good results4 ,if ! pure color+ sub/ance is want$ ! solv5t %\ld be evaporat$ (f4 ,antiseptic ,brom9e ,solution4-- ,brom9e #a ounce ,sodium *loride #h ounces ,wat] #h p9ts ,dissolve ! sodium *loride 9 ! wat] & add ! brom9e4 ,?is solution is to be dilut$1 :5 appli$ to brok5 sk9 surfaces1 #a "p ) #ae p>ts ( wat]4 ,sub/itute = ,rubb] ,gloves4--,murphy has f\nd t a #d-1 #f-1 or #h-p]-c5t solution ( gutta-p]*a 9 b5z9e1 :5 appli$ to ! h&s ( ! surgeon or ! sk9 ( ! pati5t1 w seal ^! surfaces ) an insoluble1 imp]vi\s1 & practically imp]ceptible coat+--a coat+ t w n all[ ! secretions ( ! sk9 to escape1 & w n admit secretions1 blood1 or pus into ! crevices ( ! sk94 ,at ! same "t x does n impair ! s5se ( t\* nor ! pliability ( ! sk94 ,a simil> solution 9 acetone also meets mo/ ( ! requirem5ts4 ,murphy's r\t9e me?od ( h& prep>ation is z foll[s3 ,fir/1 five to sev5 m9utes' scrubb+ ) spirits ( gre5 soap & runn+ hot wat]2 second1 ?ree m9utes' wa%+ ) alcohol2 ?ird1 :5 ! h&s are ?or\ghly dri$1 ! gutta-p]*a solution is p\r$ ov] ! h&s & =e>ms1 c>e be+ tak5 to fill 9 ar\nd & b5ea? ! nails4 ,! h&s mu/ be kept expos$ to ! air ) ! f+]s sep>at$ until ?or\ghly dry4 ,! coat+ is v ?9 & c be recogniz$ only by its glaz$ appe>ance4 ,x w resi/ soap & wat]1 b is easily remov$ by wa%+ 9 b5z9e4 ,! h&s c be wa%$ 9 bi*loride or any ( ! antiseptic solutions )\t int]f]+ ) ! coat+ or affect+ ! sk94 ,if ! op]ations be _m1 or prolong$1 ! coat+ we>s away f ! tips ( ! f+]s1 b is easily r5ew$4 ,= ! rema9+ portion ( ! h&s "o application is suffici5t = a :ole morn+'s "w4 ,! #d-p]-c5t solution ( rubb] we>s bett] on ! tips ( ! f+]s1 9 h&l+ in/rum5ts1 sponges1 & tissues ?an ! acetone solution4 ,= ! abdom5 ! acetone solution has ! advantage1 & x dries 9 ?ree to f\r seconds aft] its application1 :ile ! b5z9e solution takes f ?ree to f\r & a half m9utes to make a dry1 firm coat+4 ,! prep>ation ( ! pati5t's sk9 consi/s 9 five m9utes' scrubb+ ) spirits ( gre5 soap1 wa%+ ) e!r1 foll[$ by alcohol4 ,! surface is !n swabb$ ov] ?or\ghly ) ! b5z9e or acetone solution4 ,! gutta-p]*a solution is prep>$ by dissolv+ ! pure gutta-p]*a *ips 9 /]ile b5z9e or acetone4 ,^! solutions d n /& boil+1 z ?is impairs ! adhesiv5ess & ela/icity ( ! coat+4 ,,antiseptics ,,= ,,cag$ ,,birds3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 #aja ,,apoll9>is3 ,see ,wat]s4 ,,apple ,,syrup3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,aqua ,,=tis ,,= ,,bright ,,lu/]3 ,see ,ca/+s4 ,,aqua ,,=tis ,,= ,,! ,,t\*/one3 ,see ,gold4 ,,aqu>ium ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,aqu>ium ,,putty3 ,see ,putty4 ,,arg5tan3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,arm5ian ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives "u ,jewel]s' ,cem5ts4 ,,arms1 ,,oil ,,=3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,arnica ,,salve3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,ars5ic ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,asbe/os ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,asbe/os ,,fabric3 ,see ,firepro(+4 ,,asphalt ,,z ,,an ,,+r$i5t ,,( ,,india ,,rubb]3 ,see ,rubb]4 ,,asphalt ,,9 ,,pa9t+3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,asphalt ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,assay+3 ,see ,gold4 ,,a/hma ,,cures4--,a/hma ,pap]s4--,i4--,impregnate bibul\s pap] ) ! foll[+3 ,extract ( /ramonium1 #aj2 potassium nitrate1 #ag2 sug>1 #bj2 w>m wat]1 #bjj p>ts4 ,dry4 ,,ii4--,blott+ or gray filt] pap]1 #abj2 potassium nitrate1 #fj2 p[d]$ belladonna leaves1 #e2 p[d]$ /ramonium leaves1 #e2 p[d]$ digitalis leaves1 #e2 p[d]$ lobelia1 #e2 myrrh1 #aj2 olibanum1 #aj2 phell&rium fruits1 #e p>ts4 ,/ramonium ,c&le4--,p[d]$ /ramonium leaves1 #abj2 potassium nitrate1 #gb2 ,p]uvian balsam1 #c2 p[d]$ sug>1 #a2 p[d]$ tragacan?1 #d p>ts4 7,wat]1 q4 s4 to mass2 roll into suitable %apes & dry47 ,cle>y's ,a/hma ,fumigat+ ,p[d]4--,p[d]$ /ramonium1 #ae2 p[d]$ belladonna leaves1 #ae2 p[d]$ opium1 #b2 potassium nitrate1 #e4 ,a/hma ,fumigat+ ,p[d]s4--,i4--,p[d]$ /ramonium leaves1 #d2 p[d]$ anise$1 #b2 potassium nitrate1 #b p>ts4 ,,ii4--,p[d]$ /ramonium1 #cj2 potassium nitrate1 #e2 p[d]$ tea1 #ae2 p[d]$ eucalyptus leaves1 #ae2 p[d]$ ,indian hemp1 #ae2 p[d]$ lobelia1 #ae2 p[d]$ anise$1 #b2 di/ill$ wat]1 #de p>ts4 7,all ! h]bal +r$i5ts 9 co>se p[d]2 moi/5 ) ! wat] 9 :i* ! potassium nitrate has be5 previ\sly dissolv$1 & dry47 ,s*iffmann's ,a/hma ,p[d]4--,potassium nitrate1 #be2 /ramonium1 #gj2 belladonna leaves1 #e p>ts4 ,neumey]'s ,a/hma ,p[d]4--,potassium nitrate1 #f p>ts2 sug>1 #d2 /ramonium1 #f2 p[d]$ lobelia1 #a4 ,fis*]'s ,a/hma ,p[d]4--,/ramonium1 #e p>ts2 potassium nitrate1 #a2 p[d]$ ,a*illea millefolium leaves1 #a4 ,vorla5d]'s ,a/hma ,p[d]4--,/ramonium1 #aej2 lobelia1 #hj2 arnica fl[]s1 #hj2 potassium nitrate1 #cj2 potassium iodide1 #c2 naph?ol1 #a1ajj p>ts4 ,a/hma ,cig>ettes4--,i4--,belladonna leaves1 #e p>ts2 /ramonium leaves1 #e p>ts2 digitalis leaves1 #e p>ts2 sage leaves1 #e p>ts2 potassium nitrate1 #ge p>ts2 t9cture ( b5zo91 #dj p>ts2 boil+ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,extract ! leaves ) ! boil+ wat]1 filt]1 & 9 ! filtrate dissolve ! salts4 ,imm]se 9 ! fluid %eets ( bibul\s pap] 7,sw$i% filt] pap] w answ]7 & let rema9 = #bd h\rs4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t remove1 dry1 cut into pieces ab\t #b #c_/d by #d in*es1 & roll into cig>ettes4 ,,ii4--,sodium ars5iate1 #c gra9s2 extract ( belladonna1 #h gra9s2 extract ( /ramonium1 #h gra9s4 ,dissolve ! ars5iate ( sodium 9 a small quantity ( wat]1 & rub x ) ! two extracts4 ,!n soak up ! :ole mixture ) f9e blott+ pap]1 :i* is dri$ & cut into #bd equal p>ts4 ,ea* "p is roll$ up 9 a piece ( cig>ette pap]4 ,f\r or five inhalations are g5]ally suffici5t z a dose4 ,,a/hma ,,9 ,,can>ies3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,a/r+5t ,,= ,,horses3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,atomic ,,weights3 ,see ,weights & ,measures4 #ajb ,,atrop9e1 ,,antidote ,,to4 ,! usual physiological antidotes to ! mydriatic alkaloids f belladonna1 /ramonium1 & hyoscyamus are morph9e or es]9e4 ,/rong tea1 c(fee1 or br&y are usually adm9i/]$ z /imulants4 ,*ief reliance has usually be5 plac$ ^u a /oma* siphon & pl5ty ( wat] to wa% out ! cont5ts ( ! /oma*4 ,! be/ antidote ev] report$ 0 t ( musc>9e extract$ by alcohol f ! mu%room1 ,amanita musc>ia1 b ! difficulty ( secur+ ! same has caus$ x to be ov]look$ & almo/ =gott54 ,exp]im5ts ) ?is antidote %[$ x to be an almo/ p]fect opposite ( atrop9e 9 its effects ^u ! animal body & t x neutraliz$ poison\s doses4 ,,aqua ,,aromatica4-- ,cort4 c9nam4 *95s #c p>ts ,flor4 lav&ul #e p>ts ,fol4 ,m5?4 pip4 #e p>ts ,fol4 rosm>9i #e p>ts ,fol4 salvi #aj p>ts ,fruct4 fniculi #c p>ts ,spiritus #gj p>ts ,aqua #cjj p>ts ,mac]ate ! drugs 9 ! mix$ alcohol & wat] = #bd h\rs & di/ill #bjj p>ts4 ,,aqua ,,regia4--,aqua regia consi/s 9 pr9ciple ( #b p>ts ( hydro*loric acid & #a "p ( nitric acid4 ,b ?is quantity v>ies accord+ to ! %op :]e x is us$ = gild+ or jewelry1 & sometimes ! proportion is br\ght to #d p>ts ( hydro*loric acid to #a ( nitric acid4 ,,automobiles1 ,,antifreez+ ,,solution ,,=3 ,see ,freez+ ,prev5tives4 ,,axle ,,grease3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,babbitt ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,bak+ ,p[d]s ,i4--,t>t>ic acid1 #c p>ts2 sodium bic>bonate1 #a "p2 />*1 #j4ge "p4 ,( ?is bak+ p[d] ! requir$ am\nt = #ejj p>ts ( fl\r is ab\t #bj p>ts = ri* cake1 & #ae p>ts = lean cake4 ,! sub/ances employ$ mu/ be dry1 ea* hav+ be5 previ\sly sift$ by itself1 s t no co>se pieces are pres5t2 ! />* is mix$ ) ! sodium bic>bonate be=e ! acid is add$4 ,:5 l>ge quantities are prep>$ ! mix+ is done by ma*9e2 small] quantities are be/ mix$ toge!r 9 a spaci\s mort>1 & !n pass$ repeat$ly ?r\gh a sieve4 ,in/ead ( />*1 fl\r may be us$1 b />* is pref]able1 because x int]f]es ) ! action ( ! acid on ! alkali4 ,,ii4--,a =mula propos$ by ,crampton1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 z ! result ( an inve/igation ( ! lead+ bak+ p[d]s ( ! m>ket1 is3 ,potassium bit>trate #b p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #a "p ,corn/>* #a "p ,! addition ( ! />* s]ves ! d\ble purpose ( a 8fill]0 to increase ! weight ( ! p[d] & z a pres]vative4 ,a mixture ( ! *emicals alone does n keep well4 ,! /ability ( ! prep>ation is increas$ by dry+ ea* +r$i5t sep>ately by exposure to a g5tle heat1 mix+ at once1 & imm$iately plac+ 9 bottles or cans & exclud+ access ( air & consequ5tly ( moi/ure4 ,?is is n a *eap p[d]2 b x is ! be/ t c be made1 z to heal?fulness4 ,,iii4--,sodium acid phosphate #bj p>ts ,calcium acid phosphate #bj p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #be p>ts ,/>* #ce p>ts ,caution z to dry+ ! +r$i5ts & keep+ !m dry mu/ be obs]v$4 ,ev5 ! mix+ %\ld be done 9 a room free f excessive humidity4 ,,iv4--,alum ,bak+ ,p[d]4-- ,ammonium alum1 anhydr\s #ae p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #ah p>ts ,corn/>*1 q4 s4 to make #ajj p>ts4 ,mix4 ,! available c>bon dioxide yield$ is #g #a_/b p] c5t or #h p] c5t4 ,,balance ,,spr+3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,baldness3 ,see ,hair ,prep>ations4 ,,ball ,,blue3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,balsams3 ,see also ,o9tm5ts4 #ajc ,wild-,*]ry ,balsam4-- ,wild-*]ry b>k #a ounce ,licorice root #a ounce ,ipecac #a ounce ,bloodroot #a dra*m ,sassafras #a dra*m ,comp\nd t9cture ( opium #a fluid\nce ,fluid extract ( cubeb #d fluidra*ms ,moi/5 ! gr\nd drugs ) ! fluid extract & t9cture & en\gh m5/ruum consi/+ ( #be p] c5t alcohol1 & aft] six or eight h\rs pack 9 a p]colator1 & p\r on m5/ruum until p]colation beg9s4 ,!n cork ! orifice1 cov] ! p]colator1 & all[ to mac]ate = #bd h\rs4 ,!n p]colate to #aj fluid\nces1 p\r+ back ! fir/ portion ( p]colate until x comes ?r\gh cle>4 ,9 ! p]colate dissolve #a_/b ounce ( ammonium *loride & #a_/b p\nd ( sug> by cold p]colation1 add+ simple syrup to make #af fluid\nces4 ,f9ally add #a fluidra*m ( *lor(orm4 ,balsam ,spray ,solution4-- ,oil ( ,scot* p9e #cj m9ims ,oil ( eucalyptus #a dra*m ,oil ( c9namon #cj m9ims ,m5?ol cry/als q4 s4 ,fluid extract ( balm-(-,gilead buds #a dra*m ,t9cture ( b5zo91 en\gh to make #d ounces ,?is =mula c1 ( c\rse1 be modifi$ to suit y\r requirem5ts4 ,! oils ( eucalyptus & c9namon c be omitt$ & su* quantities ( t9cture ( tolu & t9cture ( myrrh incorporat$ z may be desir$4 ,bir* ,balsam4-- ,p>ts by weight ,alcohol #cj1jjj ,bir* juice #c1jjj ,glyc]9e #a1jjj ,b]gamot oil #ij ,vanill9 #aj ,g]anium oil #ej ,wat] #ad1jjj ,,balsam ,,/a9s1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,banana ,,bronz+ ,,solution3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,banana ,,syrup3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,banana ,,trick1 ,,! ,,burn+3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,banjo ,,s\r3 ,see ,bev]ages "u ,lemonade4 ,,b> ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,b>b]s'-,,it* ,,cure3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,b>b]s' ,,p[d]3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,b>omet]s 7,,pap]73 ,see ,hygromet]s & ,hygroscopes4 ,,ba?1 ,,air3 ,see ,air ,ba?4 ,,ba? ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,ba? ,,p[d]3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,ba? ,,tablets1 ,,eff]vesc5t4 ,t>t>ic acid #aj p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #i p>ts ,rice fl\r #f p>ts ,a few spoonfuls ( ?is1 :5 /irr$ into a ba?tubful ( wat]1 causes a copi\s lib]ation ( c>bon dioxide1 :i* is refre%+4 ,?is mixture c be made into tablets by compression1 moi/5+1 if necess>y1 ) alcohol4 ,wat]1 ( c\rse1 _c be us$ 9 mak+ !m1 z its pres5ce causes ! decomposition ref]r$ to4 ,p]fume may be add$ to ?is p[d]1 ess5tial oils be+ a good =m4 ,oil ( lav5d] w\ld be a suitable addition1 9 ! proportion ( a fluidra*m or m to ! p\nd ( p[d]4 ,a bett] b m exp5sive p]fume may be obta9$ by mix+ #a "p ( oil ( rose g]anium ) #f p>ts ( oil ( lav5d]4 ,a p]fume /ill m desirable may be _h by add+ a mixture ( ! oils f :i* ,cologne wat] is made4 ,= an ord9>y quality ! foll[+ w suffice3 ,oil ( lav5d] #d fluidra*ms ,oil ( rosem>y #d fluidra*ms ,oil ( b]gamot #a fluid\nce ,oil ( lemon #b fluid\nces ,oil ( clove #cj m9ims ,= ! fir/ quality ! foll[+ may be tak53 ,oil ( n]oli #f fluidra*ms ,oil ( rosem>y #c fluidra*ms ,oil ( b]gamot #c fluidra*ms ,oil ( c$rat #g fluidra*ms ,oil ( orange peel #g fluidra*ms ,a fluidra*m or m ( ei!r ( ^! mixtures may be us$ to ! p\nd1 z 9 ! case ( lav5d]4 ,^! mixtures may also be us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( a ba? p[d] #ajd 7non-eff]vesc5t7 made by mix+ equal p>ts ( p[d]$ soap & p[d]$ borax4 ,,ba?-,,tub ,,enamel3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,ba?-,,tub ,,pa9ts3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,batt]y ,,fill]s ,,& ,,solutions4 ,i4--,9 ! s-call$ dry batt]ies ! excit+ sub/ance is a pa/e in/ead ( a fluid2 moi/ure is necess>y to cause ! reaction4 ,^! pa/es are g5]ally secret prep>ations4 ,"o ( ! e>li] 8dry0 batt]ies is t ( ,gassn]4 ,! app>atus consi/s ( a conta9+ vessel ( z9c1 :i* =ms ! positive elem5t2 ! negative "o is a cyl9d] ( c>bon1 & ! space betwe5 is fill$ ) a pa/e1 ! recipe = :i* is3 ,oxide ( z9c #a "p ,sal ammoniac #a "p ,pla/] #c p>ts ,*loride ( z9c #a "p ,wat] #b p>ts ,! usual =m ( *loride-(-silv] batt]y consi/s ( a seal$ cell conta9+ a z9c electrode1 ! two be+ g5]ally sep>at$ by "s =m ( por\s septum4 ,ar\nd ! plat9um or silv] electrode is ca/ a quantity ( silv] *loride4 ,?is is melt$ & g5]ally p\r$ into molds surr\nd+ ! metallic electrode4 ,! excit+ fluid is ei!r a solution ( ammonium *loride1 cau/ic potassa1 or soda1 or z9c sulphate4 ,z ord9>ily con/ruct$1 ^! cells conta9 a pa/e ( ! electrolyte1 & are seal$ up h]metically 9 glass or h>d-rubb] receptacles4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ =mula is said to yield a s]viceable fill+ = dry batt]ies3 ,*>coal #c ounces ,graphite #a ounce ,manganese dioxide #c ounces ,calcium hydrate #a ounce ,ars5ic acid #a ounce ,glucose mix$ ) dextr9e or />* #a ounce ,intimately mix1 & !n "w into a pa/e ( prop] consi/5cy ) a saturat$ solution ( sodium & ammonium *lorides conta9+ "o-t5? ( its volume ( a m]cury-bi*loride solution & an equal volume ( hydro*loric acid4 ,add ! fluid gradually1 & well "w up ! mass4 ,,iii4--,calcium *loride1 cry/alliz$ #cj p>ts ,calcium *loride1 granulat$ #cj p>ts ,ammonium sulphate #ae p>ts ,z9c sulphate #be p>ts ,solutions = ,batt]ies4--,! almo/ exclusively employ$ solution ( sal ammoniac 7ammonium *loride7 pres5ts ! drawback t ! z9c rods1 glasses1 etc41 aft] a %ort use1 become cov]$ ) a f9e1 yell[1 v difficultly soluble1 basic z9c salt1 :]eby ! g5]ation ( ! electric curr5t is impair$1 & f9ally arre/$ altoge!r4 ,?is evil may be rem$i$ by an admixture ( cane sug>4 ,= a batt]y ( ord9>y size ab\t #bj to #be grams ( sug>1 dissolv$ 9 w>m wat]1 is suffici5t p] #ej to #fj grams ( sal ammoniac4 ,aft] prolong$ use only l>ge cry/als 7( a z9c sac*>ate7 =m1 :i*1 h[ev]1 become atta*$ only to ! z9c rod 9 a few places1 hav+ v little disadvantage\s effect ^u ! action ( ! batt]ies & be+ easy to remove1 ow+ to _! ready solubility4 ,,baudo9 ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,bay ,,rum4 ,i4--,oil ( bay #a dra*m ,alcohol #ah ounces ,wat] #ah ounces ,mix & filt] ?r\gh magnesia4 ,,ii4--,bay-leaf otto #a_/b ounce ,magnesium c>bonate #a_/b ounce ,jamaica rum #b p9ts ,alcohol #c p9ts ,wat] #c p9ts ,triturate ! otto ) ! magnesium c>bonate1 gradually add+ ! o!r +r$i5ts1 previ\sly mix$1 & filt]4 ,if ! rum employ$ conta9s suffici5t sug> or mucilag9\s matt] to cause any /ick9ess to be felt on ! sk91 rectification w be necess>y4 ,,be> ,,fat3 ,see ,fats4 ,,be>+ ,,lubricant3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,be>+ ,,metal3 ,see ,babbitt ,metal1 ,be>+ ,metal1 & ,phosphor ,bronze1 "u ,alloys4 ,,b$bug ,,de/roy]s3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,beef1 ,,iron1 ,,& ,,w9e4 ,extract ( beef #eab gra9s ,detannat$ %]ry w9e #bf ounces ,alcohol #d ounces ,citrate ( iron & ammonia #bef gra9s ,simple sirup #ab ounces #aje ,t9cture ( orange #b ounces ,t9cture ( c>damom co4 #a ounce ,citric acid #aj gra9s ,wat]1 en\gh to make #d p9ts ,let /& #bd h\rs1 agitate frequ5tly1 & filt]4 ,see t ! orange is fre%4 ,,beef ,,peptonoids3 ,see ,peptonoids4 ,,beef ,,pres]vatives3 ,see ,foods4 ,,beef ,,tea3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,be]s1 ,,alcohol ,,93 ,see ,alcohol4 ,,be]1 ,,g+]1 ,,hop-,,bitt]1 ,,scot*1 ,,& ,,spruce3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,be]1 ,,re/oration ,,( ,,spoil$4 ,i4--,p[d]$ *alk is p\r$ into ! cask & all[$ to rema9 9 ! be] until completely precipitat$4 ,,ii4--,! liquor ( boil$ rais9s may be p\r$ into ! be]1 ) ! result t ! s\r ta/e ( ! be] is disguis$4 ,,iii4--,a small quantity ( a solution ( pota% w remove ! s\r ta/e ( be]4 ,too mu* pota% mu/ n be add$2 o!rwise ! /oma* w suff]4 ,be] ?us re/or$ w n keep long4 ,,iv4--,if ! be] is n completely spoil$ x may be re/or$ by ! addition ( co>sely p[d]$ *>coal4 ,v4--,if ! addition ( any ( ! above-m5tion$ sub/ances %\ld affect ! ta/e ( ! be]1 a little p[d]$ z+ib] may be us$ to advantage4 ,syrup or molasses may also be employ$4 ,,bees1 ,,f\l ,,brood ,,94 8,f\l brood0 is a contagi\s disease to :i* bees are subject4 ,x is caus$ by bact]ia & its pres5ce may be kn[n by ! bees becom+ languid4 ,d>k1 /r+y1 & ela/ic masses are f\nd 9 ! bottom ( ! cells1 :ile ! caps are sunk5 or irregul>ly punctur$4 ,frequ5tly ! disease is said to be accompani$ by a peculi> (f5sive odor4 ,prompt removal ( diseas$ colonies1 _! transf] to clean & ?or\ghly dis9fect$ hives1 & fe$+ on antiseptically treat$ honey or syrup are ! means tak5 = ! prev5tion & cure ( ! disease4 ,! antiseptics us$ are salicylic acid1 c>bolic acid1 or =mic acid4 ,spray+ ! brood ) any "o ( ^! rem$ies 9 a solution & fe$+ ) a honey or syrup m$icat$ ) !m w usually be all t is requir$ by way ( treatm5t4 ,x is also said t access to salt wat] is important = ! heal? ( bees4 ,,beetle ,,p[d]3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,bell ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,belladonna1 ,,antidotes ,,to3 ,see ,antidotes & ,atrop9e4 ,,belt ,,pa/es ,,= ,,increas+ ,,adhesion4 ,i4--,tall[ #ej p>ts ,ca/] oil1 crude #bj p>ts ,fi% oil #bj p>ts ,colophony #aj p>ts ,melt on a mod]ate fire & /ir until ! mass cools4 ,,ii4--,melt #bej p>ts ( gum ela/ic ) #bej p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e 9 an iron1 well-clos$ crucible at #abb ,f4 7caution67 & mix well ) #bjj p>ts ( colophony4 ,aft] fur!r melt+ add #bjj p>ts ( yell[ wax & /ir c>efully4 ,melt 9 #gej p>ts ( heat$ tra9 oil1 #bej p>ts ( tall[1 & to ?is add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 ! fir/ mixture :5 ! latt] is /ill w>m1 & let cool sl[ly ) /irr+4 ,?is grease is int5d$ = cotton belts4 ,,iii4--,gutta-p]*a #dj p>ts ,ros9 #aj p>ts ,asphalt #ae p>ts ,petroleum #fj p>ts ,heat 9 a glass vessel on ! wat] ba? = a few h\rs1 until a uni=m solution is obta9$4 ,let cool & add #ae p>ts ( c>bon disulphide & all[ ! mixture to /&1 %ak+ x frequ5tly4 ,directions = ,use4--,! lea!r belts to be cem5t$ %\ld fir/ be r\gh5$ at ! jo9ts1 & aft] ! cem5t has be5 appli$ !y %\ld be subject$ to a /rong pressure betwe5 w>m roll]s1 :]eupon !y w adh]e toge!r ) mu* t5acity4 ,pres]vation ( ,belts4--,9 a well-cov]$ iron vessel heat at a temp]ature ( #ej ,c4 7#aeb ,f47 #a "p by weight ( ca\t*\c1 cut 9 small pieces1 ) #a "p by weight ( rectifi$ turp5t9e4 ,:5 ! ca\t*\c is dissolv$ add #j4h "p ( colophony1 /ir until ?is is dissolv$1 & add to ! mixture #j4a "p ( yell[ wax4 ,into ano!r vessel ( suitable size p\r #c p>ts ( fi% oil1 add #a "p ( tall[1 & heat ! mixture until ! tall[ is melt$2 !n p\r on ! cont5ts ( ! fir/ vessel1 con/antly /irr+--an op]ation to be cont9u$ until ! matt] is cool$ & congeal$4 ,?is grease is to be rubb$ #ajf on ! inside ( ! belts f "t to "t1 :ile !y are 9 use4 ,! belts run easily & d n slip4 ,! grease may also s]ve = improv+ old belts4 ,= ?is purpose ! grease %\ld be rubb$ on bo? sides 9 a w>m place4 ,a fir/ lay] is all[$ to soak 91 & ano!r appli$4 ,to ,make a ,belt ,pull4--,hold a piece ( t> soap on ! inside ( ! belt :ile x is runn+4 ,,belt ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,belt ,,glue3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,belt ,,lubricant3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,b,n,,dict9e3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,b5z9e ,b5z9e1 to ,color ,gre54--,probably ! simple/ & *eape/ z well z ! be/ me?od ( color+ b5z9e gre5 is to dissolve 9 x suffici5t oil soluble anil9e gre5 ( ! desir$ t9t to give ! requir$ %ade4 ,purification ( ,b5z9e4--,ill-smell+ b5z9e1 mix$ ) ab\t #a to #b p] c5t ( its weight ( free fatty acid1 w dissolve !re94 ,"o-f\r? p] c5t ( tann9 is add$ & all is mix$ well4 ,en\gh pota% or soda lye1 or ev5 lime milk1 is add$ until ! fatty acids are saponifi$1 & ! tannic acid is neutraliz$1 %ak+ repeat$ly4 ,aft] a :ile ! milky liquid sep>ates into two lay]s1 viz41 a salty1 soapy1 mud-s$im5t & cle>1 colorless1 & almo/ odorless b5z9e above4 ,?is b5z9e1 filt]$1 may be employ$ = _m te*nical purposes1 b gives an excell5t1 pure product ^u a second di/illation4 ,fatty acid f tall[1 olive oil1 or o!r fats may be us$1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 t !y h z slight an odor ( rancid fat z possible4 ,! s-call$ ela9e or ole9--m correctly oleic acid--( ! c&le factories may likewise be employ$1 b x %\ld fir/ be agitat$ ) a #a_/aj-p]-c5t soda solution to get rid ( ! bad-smell+ fatty acids1 especially ! butyric acid4 ,! ,prev5tion ( ! ,inflammability ( ,b5z9e4--,a mixture ( #i volumes tetra*loride & #a volume ( b5z9e is practicably inflammable4 ,! flame is soon ext+ui%$ by itself4 ,sub/itute = ,b5z9e z a ,cleans+ ,ag5t4-- ,i4--,*lor(orm #ge p>ts ,e!r #ge p>ts ,alcohol #fjj p>ts ,decoction ( quillaya b>k #bb1ejj p>ts ,mix4 ,,ii4--,acetic e!r1 te*nically pure #aj p>ts ,amyl acetate #aj p>ts ,ammonia wat] #aj p>ts ,alcohol dilute #gj p>ts ,mix4 ,,iii4--,acetone #a "p ,ammonia wat] #a "p ,alcohol dilute #a "p ,mix4 ,deodoriz+ ,b5z9e4-- ,i4--,b5z9e #bj ounces ,oil ( lav5d] #a fluidra*m ,potassium di*romate #a ounce ,sulphuric acid #a fluid\nce ,wat] #bj fluid\nces ,dissolve ! di*romate 9 ! wat]1 add ! acid &1 :5 ! solution is cold1 ! b5z9e4 ,%ake e h\r dur+ ! day1 all[ to /& all night1 decant ! b5z9e1 wa% ) a p9t ( wat] & aga9 decant1 !n add ! oil ( lav5d]4 ,,ii4--,fir/ add to ! b5z9e #a to #b p] c5t ( oleic acid1 :i* dissolves4 ,!n ab\t a qu>t] ( #a p] c5t ( tann9 is incorporat$ by %ak+4 ,a suffici5t quantity ( cau/ic potassa solution1 or milk ( lime1 to comb9e ) ! acids is !n well %ak5 into ! mixture1 & ! :ole all[$ to /&4 ,! b5z9e rises to ! top ( ! wat]y fluid1 suffici5tly deodoriz$ & decoloriz$ = practical purposes4 ,,iii4--,to #a1gej p>ts ( wat] add #bej p>ts ( sulphuric acid1 & :5 x has cool$ d[n add #cj p>ts ( potassium p]manganate & let dissolve4 ,add ?is solution to #d1ejj p>ts ( b5z9e1 /ir well toge!r1 & set aside = #bd h\rs4 ,n[ decant ! b5z9e & to x add a solution ( #g #a_/b p>ts ( potassium p]manganate & #ae p>ts ( sodium hydrate 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 & agitate ! sub/ances well toge!r4 ,let /& until ! b5z9e sep>ates1 !n draw (f4 ,,iv4--,dissolve #c p>ts ( li?>ge & #ah p>ts ( sodium hydrate 9 #dj p>ts ( wat]4 ,add ?is to #bjj-bej p>ts ( b5z9e & agitate well toge!r = two m9utes1 !n let settle & draw (f ! b5z9e4 ,r9se ! latt] by agitat+ #ajg x ) pl5ty ( cle> wat]1 let settle1 draw (f ! b5z9e1 &1 if necess>y1 repeat ! op]ation4 ,,b5z9e1 ,,clean+ ,,)3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods4 ,,b5zoic ,,acid ,,9 ,,food3 ,see ,food4 ,,b5zo9 ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,b5zop>al3 ,a neutral1 bl&1 oily prep>ation ( b5zo91 useful = apply+ v>i\s antiseptics by ! aid ( an atomiz]1 nebuliz]1 or vaporiz]4 ,c be us$ pla9 or 9 comb9ation ) o!r easily dissolv$ m$ic9als4 ,p>aff9e1 liquid #af ounces ,gum b5zo9 #a ounce ,dige/ on a s& ba? = a half h\r & filt]4 ,bev]ages ,,g+] ,,ale ,,& ,,g+] ,,be]3 ,old-,fa%ion$ ,g+] ,be]4-- ,lemons1 l>ge & s\nd #f only ,g+]1 bruis$ #c ounces ,sug> #f cups ,yea/1 compress$ #a_/d cake ,boil+ wat] #d gallons ,wat] en\gh ,slice ! lemons into a l>ge e>!nw>e vessel1 remov+ ! se$4 ,add ! g+]1 sug>1 & wat]4 ,:5 ! mixture has cool$ to lukew>mness1 add ! yea/1 fir/ diffus$ 9 a little wat]4 ,cov] ! vessel ) a piece ( *eese clo?1 & let ! be] /& #bd h\rs4 ,at ! end ( t "t /ra9 & bottle x4 ,cork securely1 b n s tightly t ! bottles w\ld break be=e ! corks w\ld fly out1 & keep 9 a cool place4 ,g+] ,be]4--,honey gives ! bev]age a peculi> s(tness &1 f n hav+ f]m5t$ ) yea/1 is ! less viol5t 9 its action :5 op5$4 ,+r$i5ts3 ,:ite sug>1 #a_/d p\nd2 honey1 #a_/d p\nd2 bruis$ g+]1 #e ounces2 juice ( suffici5t lemons to suit ! ta/e2 wat]1 #d #a_/b gallons4 ,boil ! g+] 9 #c qu>ts ( ! wat] = half an h\r1 !n add ! g+]1 lemon juice1 & honey1 ) ! rema9d] ( ! wat]2 !n /ra9 ?r\gh a clo?2 :5 cold1 add ! qu>t] ( ! :ite ( an egg & a teaspoonful ( ess5ce ( lemon4 ,let ! :ole /& = f\r days be=e bottl+4 ,?is quantity w make a hundr$ bottles4 ,g+] ,be] )\t ,yea/4-- ,g+]1 bruis$ #a #a_/b p\nds ,sug> #bj p\nds ,lemons #a doz5 ,honey #a p\nd ,wat] en\gh ,boil ! g+] 9 #c gallons ( wat] = half an h\r2 add ! sug>1 ! lemons 7bruis$ & slic$71 ! honey1 & #ag gallons ( wat]4 ,/ra9 &1 aft] ?ree or f\r days1 bottle4 ,package ,pop4-- ,cream ( t>t> #c ounces ,g+]1 bruis$ #a ounce ,sug> #bd ounces ,citric acid #b dra*ms ,put up 9 a package1 & direct t x be %ak5 9 #a #a_/b gallons ( boil+ wat]1 /ra9$ :5 cool$1 f]m5t$ ) #a ounce ( yea/1 & bottl$4 ,g+]-,ale ,extract4-- ,i4--,jamaica g+]1 co>se p[d] #d ounces ,mace1 p[d] #a_/b ounce ,canada snak]oot1 co>se p[d] #fj gra9s ,oil ( lemon #a fluidra*m ,alcohol #ab fluid\nces ,wat] #d fluid\nces ,magnesium c>bonate or purifi$ talcum #a av4 ounce ,mix ! fir/ f\r +r$i5ts1 & make #af fluid\nces ( t9cture ) ! alcohol & wat]1 by p]colation4 ,dissolve ! oil ( lemon 9 a small quantity ( alcohol1 rub ) magnesia or talcum1 add gradually ) con/ant trituration ! t9cture1 & filt]4 ,! extract may be =tifi$ by add+ #d avoirdupois ounces ( p[d]$ gra9s ( p>adise to ! g+]1 etc41 ( ! above be=e extraction ) alcohol & wat]4 ,,ii4--,capsicum1 co>se p[d] #h ounces ,wat] #f p9ts ,ess5ce ( g+] #h fluid\nces ,dilut$ alcohol #g fluid\nces ,vanilla extract #b fluid\nces ,oil ( lemon #bj drops ,c>amel #a fluid\nce ,boil ! capsicum ) wat] = ?ree h\rs1 occasionally replac+ ! wat] lo/ by evaporation2 filt]1 conc5trate ! filtrate on a hot wat] ba? to ! consi/5cy ( a ?9 extract1 add ! rema9+ +r$i5ts1 & filt]4 #ajh ,,iii4--,jamaica g+]1 gr\nd #ab ounces ,lemon peel1 fre%1 cut f9e #b ounces ,capsicum1 p[d] #a ounce ,calc9$ magnesia #a ounce ,alcohol suffici5t ,wat] suffici5t ,extract ! mix$ g+] & capsicum by p]colation s z to obta9 #af fluid\nces ( wat]1 set ! mixture aside = #bd h\rs1 %ak+ vigor\sly f "t to "t1 !n filt]1 & pass ?r\gh ! filt] en\gh ( a mixture ( #b volumes ( alcohol & #a ( wat] to make ! filtrate measure #cb fluid\nces4 ,9 ! latt] mac]ate ! lemon peel = #g days1 & aga9 filt]4 ,g+] ,be]4-- ,br[n sug> #b p\nds ,boil+ wat] #b gallons ,cream ( t>t> #a ounce ,bruis$ g+] root #b ounces ,infuse ! g+] 9 ! boil+ wat]1 add ! sug> & cream ( t>t>2 :5 lukew>m /ra92 !n add half p9t good yea/4 ,let x /& all night1 !n bottle2 "o lemon & ! :ite ( an egg may be add$ to f9e x4 ,lemon ,be]4-- ,boil+ wat] #a gallon ,lemon1 slic$ #a ,g+]1 bruis$ #a ounce ,yea/ #a teacupful ,sug> #a p\nd ,let x /& #ab to #bj h\rs1 & x is ready to be bottl$4 ,hop ,be]4-- ,wat] #e qu>ts ,hops #f ounces ,boil #c h\rs1 /ra9 ! liquor1 add3 ,wat] #e qu>ts ,bruis$ g+] #d ounces & boil a little long]1 /ra91 & add #d p\nds ( sug>1 & :5 milk-w>m1 #a p9t ( yea/4 ,let x f]m5t2 9 #bd h\rs x is ready = bottl+4 nan?ic ,e!r z a ,flavor+ = ,g+] ,ale4--,a fruity1 v9\s b\quet & delightful flavor are produc$ by ! pres5ce ( nan?ic e!r or br&y flavor 9 g+] ale4 ,?is e!r ?r[s (f a ri*1 pung5t1 v9\s odor1 & gives a smoo?ness v agreeable to any liquor or bev]age ( :i* x =ms a "p4 ,x is a favorite ) 8br&y sophi/icators40 ,add a few drops ( ! e!r 7previ\sly dissolv$ 9 eight times its bulk ( ,cologne _s7 to ! g+]-ale syrup j be=e bottl+4 ,soluble ,extract ( ,g+] ,ale4--,( ! foll[+ ?ree =mulas ! fir/ is int5d$ = soda-f\nta9 use1 ! second is a 8*eap0 extract = ! bottl]s :o want a "o-ounce-to-!-gallon extract1 & ! ?ird is a bottl]s' extract to be us$ 9 ! proportion ( ?ree ounces to a gallon ( syrup4 ,?is latt] is a mo/ satisfactory extract & has be5 sold ) mo/ cr$itable results1 bo? z to cle>ness ( ! f9i%$ g+] ale & delicacy ( flavor4 ,x w be not$ t 9 ^! =mulas oleores9 ( g+] is us$ 9 addition to ! p[d]$ root4 ,^? :o d n m9d ! additional exp5se might use "o-f\r? ( ! same quantity ( volatile oil ( g+] in/ead4 ,?is %\ld develop an excell5t flavor1 s9ce ! oil is approximately sixte5 times z /rong z ! oleores91 & has ! additional advantage ( be+ free f res9\s extractive4 ,! foll[+ are ! =mulas3 ,i4--7,to be us$ 9 ! proportion ( #d ounces ( extract to #a gallon ( syrup47 ,jamaica g+]1 9 f9e p[d] #h p\nds ,capsicum1 9 f9e p[d] #f ounces ,alcohol1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,mix ! p[d]s intimately1 moi/5 !m ) a suffici5t quantity ( alcohol1 & set aside = #d h\rs4 ,pack 9 a cyl9drical p]colator & p]colate ) alcohol until #aj p9ts ( p]colate h result$4 ,place ! p]colate 9 a bottle ( ! capacity ( #af p9ts1 & add to x #b fluidra*ms ( oleores9 ( g+]2 %ake1 add #b #a_/b p\nds ( f9ely p[d]$ pumice /one1 & agitate ?or\ghly at int]vals ( "o-half h\r = #ab h\rs4 ,!n add #ad p9ts ( wat] 9 quantities ( #a p9t at ea* addition1 %ak+ briskly mean:ile4 ,?is "p ( ! op]ation is mo/ important4 ,set ! mixture aside = #bd h\rs1 agitat+ x /rongly e h\r or s dur+ t p]iod4 ,!n take ,oil ( lemon #a #a_/b fluid\nces ,oil ( rose 7or g]anium7 #c fluidra*ms ,oil ( b]gamot #b fluidra*ms #aji ,oil ( c9namon #c fluidra*ms ,magnesium c>bonate #c fluid\nces ,rub ! oils ) ! magnesia 9 a l>ge mort> & add #i ounces ( ! cle> portion ( ! g+] mixture to :i* h be5 previ\sly add$ #b ounces ( alcohol1 & cont9ue trituration1 r9s+ out ! mort> ) ! g+] mixture4 ,pass ! g+] mixture ?r\gh a d\ble filt] & add ?r\gh ! filt] ! mixture ( oils & magnesia2 f9ally pass en\gh wat] ?r\gh ! filt] to make ! result+ product measure #bd p9ts1 or #c gallons4 ,if ! op]ator %\ld desire an extract ( m or less pung5cy1 he may obta9 8 desir$ effect by increas+ or decreas+ ! quantity ( p[d]$ capsicum 9 ! =mula4 ,,ii4--7,to be us$ 9 ! proportion ( #a ounce to #a gallon ( syrup47 ,g+]1 9 mod]ately f9e p[d] #f p\nds ,capsicum1 9 f9e p[d] #b #a_/b p\nds ,alcohol1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,mix1 moi/5 ! p[d] ) #c p9ts ( alcohol1 & set aside 9 a suitable vessel = #d h\rs4 ,!n pack ! p[d] firmly 9 a cyl9drical p]colator1 & p]colate until #f p9ts ( extract are obta9$4 ,set ?is mixture aside & label ,p]colate ,no4 #a1 & cont9ue ! p]colation ) #a #a_/b p9ts ( alcohol mix$ ) #a #a_/b p9ts ( wat]4 ,set ! resultant t9cture aside1 & label ,p]colate ,no4 #b4 ,take oleores9 g+] #e fluid ounces & add to ,p]colate ,no4 #a4 ,!n take3 ,oil ( lemon #a #a_/b fluid\nces ,oil ( c9namon #a fluid\nce ,oil ( g]anium #a_/b fluid\nce ,magnesium c>bonate #h ounces ,triturate ! oils ) ! magnesia1 add gradually ,p]colate ,no4 #b1 & set aside4 ,!n place ,p]colate ,no4 #a 9 a l>ge bottle1 add #c #a_/d p\nds ( f9ely p[d]$ pumice /one1 & %ake at int]vals ( half an h\r = six h\rs4 ,?is be+ complet$1 add ! mixture ( oils1 & lat] #aj p9ts ( wat]1 9 quantities ( #a_/b a p9t at a "t1 %ak+ vigor\sly aft] ea* solution4 ,let ! mixture /& = #bd h\rs1 %ak+ x at int]vals1 & !n pass x ?r\gh a d\ble filt]4 ,f9ally add en\gh wat] ?r\gh ! filt] to make ! product measure #bd p9ts1 or #c gallons4 ,,iii4--7,to be us$ 9 proportion ( #c ounces to #a gallon ( syrup47 ,g+]1 9 mod]ately f9e p[d] #h p\nds ,capsicum1 9 mod]ately f9e p[d] #b p\nds ,alcohol1 q4 s4 ,mix1 moi/5 ) alcohol1 & set aside z 9 ! prec$+ =mula2 !n p]colate ) alcohol until #aj p9ts ( extract are obta9$4 ,to ?is add oleores9 ( g+] #c dra*ms1 & place 9 a l>ge bottle4 ,add #b #a_/b p\nds ( p[d]$ pumice /one1 & %ake z direct$ = =mula ,no4 #a4 ,!n add #ad p9ts ( wat]1 9 quantities ( #a p9t at a "t1 %ak+ vigor\sly aft] ea* addition4 ,set ! mixture aside = #bd h\rs1 %ak+ at int]vals4 ,!n take3 ,oil ( lemon #a #a_/b fluid\nces ,oil ( g]anium #a_/b fluid\nce ,oil ( c9namon #c fluidra*ms ,magnesia c>bonate #c ounces ,rub ^! 9 a mort> ) ! magnesia1 & add #i ounces ( ! cle> portion ( ! g+] mixture mix$ ) #b ounces ( alcohol1 rubb+ ! mixture until x becomes smoo?4 ,prep>e a d\ble filt]1 & filt] ! g+] mixture1 add+ ?r\gh ! filt] ! mixture ( oils & magnesia4 ,f9ally add en\gh wat] ?r\gh ! filt] to make ! f9al product measure #bd p9ts1 or #c gallons4 ,if ^! =mulas are prop]ly manipulat$ ! extracts %\ld keep = a reasonable l5g? ( "t )\t a precipitate4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a precipitate occur aft] ! extract has /ood = a week1 x %\ld be refilt]$4 ,,lemonades3 ,lemonade ,prep>ations = ! ,sick4--,i4--,/rawb]ry ,lemonade3 ,citric acid1 #f p>ts2 wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 sug>1 #dej p>ts2 /rawb]ry syrup1 #fjj p>ts2 *]ry syrup1 #cjj p>ts2 cl>et1 #dej p>ts2 aromatic t9cture1 ad lib4 ,,ii4--,lemonade ,p[d]3 ,sodium bic>bonate1 #fe2 t>t>ic acid1 #fj2 sug>1 #abe2 lemon oil1 #ab drops4 ,,iii4--,lemonade juice3 ,sug> syrup1 #bjj2 t>t>ic acid1 #ae2 di/ill$ wat]1 #ajj2 lemon oil1 #c2 t9cture ( vanilla1 #f drops4 ,,iv4--,lemonade ,loz5ges3 ,t>t>ic acid1 #aj2 sug>1 #cj2 gum arabic1 #b2 p[d]$ />*1 #j4e2 lemon oil1 #f drops2 t9cture ( vanilla1 #be drops2 & suffici5t dilut$ _s ( w9e s t #cj loz5ges c be made ) x4 ,lemonade = ,diabetics4--,! foll[+ is said to be useful = assuag+ ! ?ir/ ( diabetics3 #aaj ,citric acid #a "p ,glyc]9e #ej p>ts ,cognac #ej p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ejj p>ts ,hot ,lemonade4--,take #b l>ge1 fre% lemons1 & wa% !m clean ) cold wat]4 ,roll !m until s(t2 !n divide ea* into halves1 & use a lemon-squeez] or ream] to express ! juice into a small pit*]4 ,remove all ! se$s f ! juice1 to :i* add #d or m tablespoonfuls ( :ite sug>1 accord+ to ta/e4 ,a p9t ( boil+ wat] is n[ add$1 & ! mixture /irr$ until ! sug> is dissolv$4 ,! bev]age is v effective 9 produc+ p]spiration1 & %\ld be drunk :ile hot4 ,! same =mula may be us$ = mak+ cold lemonade1 by sub/itut+ ice wat] = ! hot wat]1 & add+ a piece ( lemon peel4 ,if desir$1 a weak] lemonade may be made by us+ m wat]4 ,lemonades1 ,lemon & ,s\r ,dr9ks = ,soda-,wat] ,f\nta9s4--,pla9 ,lemonade4--,juice ( #a lemon2 pulv]iz$ sug>1 #b teaspoonfuls2 filt]$ wat]1 suffici5t2 %av$ ice1 suffici5t4 ,mix & %ake well4 ,g>ni% ) fruit1 & s]ve ) bo? spoon & /raws4 ,huyl]'s ,lemonade4--,juice ( #a lemon2 simple syrup1 #b ounces2 soda wat]1 suffici5t4 ,dress ) slic$ p9eapple1 & s]ve ) /raws4 ,9 mix+1 d n %ake1 b /ir ) a spoon4 ,p9eapple ,lemonade4--,juice ( #a lemon2 p9eapple syrup1 #b ounces2 soda wat]1 suffici5t4 ,dress ) fruit4 ,s]ve ) /raws4 ,seltz] ,lemonade4--,juice ( #a lemon2 pulv]iz$ sug>1 #b teaspoonfuls4 ,fill ) seltz]4 ,dress ) slic$ lemon4 ,apoll9>is ,lemonade4--,! same z seltz]1 sub/itut+ apoll9>is wat] = seltz]4 ,limeade4--,juice ( #a lime2 pulv]iz$ sug>1 #b teaspoonfuls2 wat]1 suffici5t4 ,:]e fre% limes are n obta9able1 use bottl$ lime juice4 ,orangeade4--,juice ( #a orange2 pulv]iz$ sug>1 #b teaspoonfuls2 wat]1 suffici5t2 %av$ ice1 suffici5t4 ,dress ) slic$ orange & *]ries4 ,s]ve ) /raws4 ,seltz] & ,lemon4--,juice ( #a lemon2 seltz]1 suffici5t4 ,s]ve 9 a small glass4 ,cl>et ,lemonade4--,juice ( #a lemon2 pulv]iz$ sug>1 #c teaspoonfuls4 ,make lemonade1 p\r into a glass conta9+ %av$ ice until ! glass lacks ab\t "o in* ( be+ full4 ,p\r 9 suffici5t cl>et to fill ! glass4 ,dress ) *]ries & slic$ p9eapple4 ,cl>et ,pun*4--,juice ( #a lemon2 pulv]iz$ sug>1 #c teaspoonfuls2 cl>et w9e1 #b ounces2 %av$ ice1 suffici5t4 ,s]ve 9 small glass4 ,dress ) slic$ lemon1 & fruit 9 season4 ,bright r$ *]ries & plums make attractive g>ni%+s4 ,raspb]ry ,lemonade4--,i4--,juice ( #a lemon2 #c teaspoonfuls p[d]$ sug>2 #a tablespoonful raspb]ry juice2 %av$ ice2 pla9 wat]2 %ake4 ,,ii4--,juice ( #a lemon2 #b teaspoonfuls p[d]$ sug>2 #a_/b ounce raspb]ry syrup2 %av$ ice2 wat]2 %ake4 ,banjo ,s\r4--,p>e a lemon1 cut x 9 two1 add a l>ge tablespoonful ( sug>1 !n ?or\ghly muddle x2 add ! :ite ( an egg2 an ounce ( sloe g92 #c or #d da%es ( abricot9e2 %ake well2 /ra9 into a goblet or fizz glass1 & fill balance ) soda2 decorate ) a slice ( p9eapple & *]ry4 ,orgeat ,pun*4--,orgeat syrup1 #ab dra*ms2 br&y1 #a ounce2 juice ( #a lemon4 ,granola4--,orange syrup1 #a ounce2 grape syrup1 #a ounce2 juice ( #a_/b lemon2 %av$ ice1 q4 s4 ,s]ve ) /raws4 ,dress ) slic$ lemon or p9eapple4 ,am]ican ,lemonade4--,"o ounce orange syrup2 #a ounce lemon syrup2 #a teaspoonful p[d]$ sug>2 #a da% acid-phosphate solution2 #a_/c glass %av$ ice4 ,fill ) co>se /ream4 ,add slice ( orange1 & run two /raws ?r\gh x4 ,old-,fa%ion$ ,lemonade4--,put 9 a freez] & freeze almo/ h>d1 !n add ! fruits1 & freeze v h>d4 ,s]ve 9 a silv] %]bet cup4 8,p+ ,pong0 ,frapp4--,grape juice1 unf]m5t$1 #a qu>t2 port w9e 7,cali=nia71 #a_/b p9t2 lemon syrup1 #ab ounces2 p9eapple syrup1 #b ounces2 orange syrup1 #d ounces2 ,bndict9e cordial1 #d ounces2 sug>1 #a p\nd4 ,dissolve sug> 9 grape juice & put 9 w9e2 add ! syrup & cordial2 s]ve f a pun* b[l1 ) ladle1 into #ab-ounce n>r[ lemonade glass & fill ) solid /ream2 g>ni% ) slice ( orange & p9eapple1 & s]ve ) /raw4 ,orange ,frapp4--,glass half full ( f9e ice2 tablespoonful p[d]$ sug>2 #a_/b ounce orange syrup2 #b da%es lemon syrup2 da% prep>$ raspb]ry2 #a_/d ounce #aaa acid-phosphate solution4 ,fill ) soda & /ir well2 /ra9 into a m9]al glass & s]ve4 ,hot ,lemonades4-- ,i4--,lemon ess5ce #d fluidra*ms ,solution ( citric acid #a fluid\nce ,syrup1 en\gh to make #cb fluid\nces ,9 s]v+1 draw #b #a_/b fluid\nces ( ! syrup into an #h-ounce mug1 fill ) hot wat]1 & s]ve ) a spoon4 ,,ii4--,lemon #a ,alcohol #a fluid\nce ,solution ( citric acid #b fluidra*ms ,sug> #bj av4 ounces ,wat] #bj fluid\nces ,:ite ( #a egg ,grate ! peel ( ! lemon1 mac]ate ) ! alcohol = a day2 express2 also express ! lemon1 mix ! two1 add ! sug> & wat]1 dissolve by agitation1 & add ! solution ( citric acid & ! :ite ( egg1 ! latt] fir/ beat5 to a fro?4 ,s]ve l ! prec$+4 ,egg ,lemonade4--,i4--,break #a egg into a soda glass1 add #a #a_/d ounces lemon syrup1 a dra*m ( lemon juice1 & a little %av$ ice2 !n draw c>bonat$ wat] to fill ! glass1 /irr+ well4 ,,ii4--,%av$ ice #a_/b tumbl]ful ,p[d]$ sug> #d tablespoonfuls ,juice ( #a lemon ,yolk ( #a egg ,%ake well1 & add c>bonat$ wat] to fill ! glass4 ,,hot ,,soda-,,wat] ,,dr9ks3 ,*ocolate4--,i4--,?is may be prep>$ 9 two ways1 f ! p[d]$ cocoa or f a syrup4 ,to prep>e ! cocoa = use1 dry mix ) an equal quantity ( pulv]iz$ sug> & use a heap+ teaspoonful to a mug4 ,to prep>e a syrup1 take #ab ounces ( cocoa1 #e p9ts ( wat]1 & #d p\nds ( sug>4 ,r$uce ! cocoa to a smoo? pa/e ) a little w>m wat]4 ,put on ! fire4 ,:5 ! wat] becomes hot add ! pa/e1 & !n all[ to boil = #c or #d m9utes2 remove f fire & add ! sug>2 /ir c>efully :ile heat+1 to prev5t scor*+2 :5 cold add #c dra*ms ( vanilla2 #a_/b to #c_/d ounce w suffice = a cup ( *ocolate2 top (f ) :ipp$ cream4 ,,ii4--,bak]'s f\nta9 *ocolate #a p\nd ,syrup #a gallon ,extract vanilla en\gh ,%ave ! *ocolate into a gallon porcela9$ evaporat+ di% & melt ) a g5tle heat1 /irr+ ) a ?9-blad$ spatula4 ,:5 melt$ remove f ! fire & add #a ounce ( cold wat]1 mix+ well4 ,add gradually #a gallon ( hot syrup & /ra92 flavor to suit4 ,use #a ounce to a mug4 ,,iii4--,hot ,egg ,*ocolate4--,break a fre% egg into a soda tumbl]2 add #a #a_/b ounces *ocolate syrup & #a ounce cream2 %ake ?or\ghly1 add hot soda sl[ly into ! %ak]1 /irr+ mean:ile2 /ra9 c>efully into mug2 top (f ) :ipp$ cream & s]ve4 ,,iv4--,hot ,*ocolate & ,milk4-- ,*ocolate syrup #a ounce ,hot milk #d ounces ,/ir well1 fill mug ) hot soda & s]ve4 ,v4--,hot ,egg ,*ocolate4--,"o egg1 #a #a_/d ounces *ocolate syrup1 #a teaspoonful sweet cream2 %ake1 /ra91 add #a cup hot soda1 & #a tablespoonful :ipp$ cream4 ,c(fee4--,i4--,make an extract by mac]at+ #a p\nd ( ! be/ ,mo*a & ,java ) #h ounces ( wat] = #bj m9utes1 !n add hot wat] en\gh to p]colate #a p9t4 ,"o or #b dra*ms ( ?is extract w make a delici\s cup ( c(fee4 ,s]ve ei!r ) or )\t cream1 & let cu/om] sweet5 to ta/e4 ,,ii4--,pack #a_/b p\nd ( pulv]iz$ c(fee 9 a p]colator4 ,p]colate ) #b qu>ts ( boil+ wat]1 lett+ x run ?r\gh twice4 ,add to ?is #b qu>ts ( milk2 keep hot 9 an urn & draw z a f9i%$ dr9k4 ,add a lump ( sug> & top (f ) :ipp$ cream4 ,,iii4--,c(fee syrup may be made by add+ boil+ wat] f ! app>atus to #a p\nd ( c(fee1 plac$ 9 a suitable filt] or c(feepot1 until #b qu>ts ( ! infusion are obta9$4 ,add to ?is #c p\nds ( sug>4 ,9 disp5s+1 fir/ put suffici5t cream 9 ! cup1 add ! c(fee1 !n sweet51 if necess>y1 & mix ) ! /ream f ! draught tube4 ,,iv4--,mo*a c(fee 7gr\nd f9e7 #d ounces ,java c(fee 7gr\nd f9e7 #d ounces ,granulat$ sug> #f p\nds ,hot wat] q4 s4 ,p]colate ! c(fee ) hot wat] until ! p]colate measures #gb ounces4 ,dissolve ! sug> 9 ! p]colate by agitation )\t heat & /ra94 ,hot ,egg ,orangeade4--,"o egg2 juice #aab ( #a_/b orange2 #b teaspoonfuls p[d]$ sug>4 ,%ake1 /ra91 add #a cup ( hot wat]4 ,/ir1 s]ve ) nutmeg4 ,hot ,egg ,b\illon4--,"o-half ounce liquid extract beef2 #a egg2 salt & pepp]2 hot wat] to fill #h-ounce mug4 ,/ir extract1 egg1 & season+ toge!r2 add wat]1 /ill /irr+2 /ra9 & s]ve4 ,hot ,cel]y ,pun*4--,"o-qu>t] ounce ( clam juice2 #a_/d ounce beef extract2 #a ounce ( cream2 #d da%es ( cel]y ess5ce4 ,/ir :ile add+ hot wat]1 & s]ve ) spices4 ,*ick5 ,b\illon4--,two ounces conc5trat$ *ick52 #a_/b ounce sweet cream & spice4 ,/ir :ile add+ hot wat]4 ,g+]4-- ,fluid extract ( g+] #b #a_/b ounces ,sug> #dj ounces ,wat]1 to #b #a_/b p9ts ,take #aj ounces ( ! sug> & mix ) ! fluid extract ( g+]2 heat on ! wat] ba? until ! alcohol is evaporat$4 ,!n mix ) #bj ounces ( wat] & %ake till dissolv$4 ,filt] & add ! balance ( ! wat] & ! sug>4 ,dissolve by agitation4 ,cocoa ,syrup4-- ,i4--,cocoa1 light1 soluble #d ounces ,granulat$ sug> #b p\nds ,boil+ hot wat] #a qu>t ,extract vanilla #a ounce ,dissolve ! cocoa 9 ! hot wat]1 by /irr+1 !n add ! sug> & dissolve4 ,/ra91 & :5 cold add ! vanilla extract4 ,,ii4--,cocoa syrup #b ounces ,cream #a ounce ,turn on ! hot wat] /ream & /ir :ile fill+4 ,top (f ) :ipp$ cream4 ,hot ,soda ,toddy4-- ,lemon juice #b fluidra*ms ,lemon syrup #a fluid\nce ,aromatic bitt]s #a fluidra*m ,hot wat]1 en\gh to fill an #h-ounce mug4 ,spr9kle ) nutmeg or c9namon4 ,hot ,orange ,phosphate4-- ,orange syrup #a fluid\nce ,solution ( acid phosphate #a fluidra*m ,hot wat]1 en\gh to fill an #h-ounce mug4 ,x is prep>$ m acceptably by mix+ ! juice ( half an orange ) acid phosphate1 sug>1 & hot wat]4 ,peps9 ,phosphate4--,"o teaspoonful ( liquid peps92 #b da%es ( acid phosphate2 #a ounce ( lemon syrup2 #a cup hot wat]4 ,cream ,beef ,tea4--,use #a teaspoonful ( liquid beef extract 9 a mug ( hot wat]1 season ) salt & pepp]1 !n /ir 9 a tablespoonful ( ri* cream4 ,put a teaspoonful ( :ipp$ cream on top & s]ve ) flakes4 ,*]ry ,phosphate4--,*]ry-phosphate syrup1 #a #a_/b ounces2 hot wat] to make #h ounces4 ,*]ry-phosphate syrup is made z foll[s3 ,*]ry juice1 #c p9ts2 sug>1 #f p\nds2 wat]1 #a p9t2 acid phosphate1 #d ounces4 ,br+ to a boil1 & :5 cool add ! acid phosphate4 ,cel]y ,clam ,pun*4--,clam juice1 #b dra*ms2 beef extract1 #a dra*m2 cream1 #a ounce2 ess5ce ( cel]y1 #e drops2 hot wat] to make #h ounces4 ,cl>et ,pun*4--,cl>et w9e1 #b ounces2 sug>1 #c teaspoonfuls2 juice ( #a_/b lemon2 hot wat] to make #h ounces4 ,g+]4--,extract ( g+]1 #b dra*ms2 sug>1 #b dra*ms2 lemon juice1 #b da%es2 hot wat] to make #h ounces4 ,lemon ,juice1 ,pla94--,fre% lemon juice1 #b #a_/b dra*ms2 lemon syrup1 #a ounce2 hot wat]1 q4 s4 to make #h ounces4 ,lime ,juice4--,lime juice1 #c_/d dra*m2 lemon syrup1 #a ounce2 hot wat] to make #h ounces4 ,mix4 ,eb]le rem>ks t lemon juice or lime juice ent]s into _m comb9ations4 ,9 pla9 soda x may be comb9$ ) g+] & o!r flavors1 z1 = in/ance1 *ocolate & c(fee4 ,lemonade4--,juice ( #a lemon2 p[d]$ sug>1 #b teaspoonfuls2 hot wat] to make #h ounces4 ,a small piece ( fre% lemon peel twi/$ ov] ! cup l5ds an add$ flavor4 ,hot ,malt4--,extract ( malt1 #a ounce2 *]ry syrup1 #a ounce2 hot wat]1 suffici5t to make #h ounces4 ,mix4 ,malt$ ,milk4--,horlick's malt$ milk1 #b tablespoonfuls2 hot wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #h ounces2 flavor+ to suit4 ,mix4 ,ess5ce ( c(fee1 *ocolate1 etc41 & _m ( ! fruit syrups g well ) malt$ milk4 ,hot ,malt$ ,milk ,c(fee 7or ,*ocolate74--,malt$ milk1 #b teaspoonfuls2 c(fee 7or *ocolate7 syrup1 #a ounce2 hot wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #h ounces4 ,hot ,beef ,tea4--,i4--,be/ beef extract1 #a tablespoonful2 sweet cream1 #a ounce2 hot #aac wat]1 #g ounces2 pepp]1 salt1 etc41 quantity suffici5t4 ,mix4 ,,ii4--,extract beef b\illon1 #a teaspoonful2 extract aromatic s\p h]bs 7see ,condim5ts71 #aj drops2 hot soda1 #a cupful4 ,mix4 ,,iii4--,extract ( beef #a teaspoonful ,hot wat] q4 s4 ,pepp]1 salt1 & cel]y salt4 ,mix4 ,hot ,b\illon4-- ,beef extract #a ounce ,hot wat]1 q4 s4 to make #h ounces ,pepp]1 salt1 etc4 q4 s4 ,mix4 ,clam ,b\illon4-- ,i4--,clam juice #ab dra*ms ,cream #b ounces ,hot wat]1 q4 s4 to make #h ounces ,mix4 ,,ii4--,extract clam b\illon #b ounces ,prep>$ milk #b dra*ms ,extract ( aromatic s\p h]bs #e drops ,extract :ite pepp] #e drops ,hot soda #a cupful ,mix4 ,,iii4--,clam juice may be s]v$ ) hot wat]1 salt & pepp] add$4 ,add+ butt] makes ?is b\illon a bro?4 ,x may also be s]v$ ) milk or cream1 lemon juice1 tomato catsup1 etc4 ,hot oy/] juice may be s]v$ 9 ! same way4 ,hot ,tea4-- ,i4--,tea syrup suffici5t ,hot wat]1 q4 s4 to make #a cupful ,,ii4--,loaf sug> #d cubes ,extract ( ,oolong tea1 ab\t #a dess]tsp'ful ,prep>$ milk1 ab\t #a dess]tsp'ful ,hot soda #a cupful ,:ipp$ cream #a tablespoonful ,mix ! tea extract1 sug>1 & prep>$ milk1 p\r on wat]1 & dissolve4 ,top (f ) :ipp$ cream4 ,hot ,egg ,dr9ks4--,i4--,"o-half to #a ounce liquid extract ( beef1 #a egg1 salt & pepp] to season1 hot wat] to fill an #h-ounce mug4 ,/ir ! extract1 egg1 & season+ toge!r ) a spoon1 to get well mix$1 add ! wat]1 /irr+ briskly mean:ile2 !n /ra91 & s]ve4 ,or %ake ! egg & extract 9 a %ak]1 add ! wat]1 & mix by p\r+ back & =? sev]al times1 f %ak] to mug4 ,,ii4--,hot ,egg ,*ocolate4--,"o to #a #a_/b ounces *ocolate syrup1 #a egg1 #a_/b ounce cream1 hot wat] suffici5t to fill an #h-ounce mug4 ,mix ! syrup1 egg1 & cream toge!r 9 an egg-%ak]2 %ake z 9 mak+ cold dr9ks2 add ! hot wat]1 & mix all by p\r+ back & =? sev]al times1 f %ak] to mug4 ,or1 prep>e by beat+ ! egg ) a spoon1 add ! syrup & cream1 mix all quickly ) ! spoon1 & add hot wat]1 /irr+ con/antly1 & /ra94 ,,iii4--,hot ,egg ,c(fee4--,"o egg1 #a dess]tspoonful extract ( c(fee1 #a teaspoonful sweet cream1 #a ounce syrup4 ,%ake well1 /ra91 & add #a cupful hot wat] & top ) :ipp$ cream4 ,,iv4--,hot ,egg ,lemonade4--,"o egg1 juice ( #a lemon1 #c teaspoonfuls p[d]$ sug>4 ,beat ! egg ) lemon juice & sug> ?or\ghly4 ,mix :ile add+ ! wat]4 ,s]ve grat$ nutmeg & c9namon4 ,! am\nt ( lemon juice & sug> may be v>i$ to suit diff]5t ta/es4 ,v4--,hot ,egg ,milk4--,two teaspoonfuls sug>1 #a ounce cream1 #a egg1 hot milk to fill an #h-ounce mug4 ,prep>e z 9 hot egg *ocolate1 top ) :ipp$ cream1 & spr9kle ) nutmeg4 ,if !re are no facilities = keep+ hot milk1 use ab\t #b ounces ( cream1 & fill mug ) hot wat]4 ,,vi4--,hot ,egg ,nogg4--,pla9 syrup1 #c_/d ounce2 br&y1 #a_/b ounce2 ,ango/ura bitt]s1 #c drops2 #a egg4 ,put 9 %ak] & beat well4 ,/ra9 9 #aj-ounce mug1 & fill ) hot milk2 f9i% ) :ipp$ cream & nutmeg4 ,,vii4--,hot ,egg ,phosphate4--,two ounces lemon syrup1 #a egg1 #a_/b ounce solution ( acid phosphate4 ,mix 9 a glass1 & %ake toge!r ?or\ghly2 p\r into ano!r glass1 heat$ previ\sly1 & sl[ly draw full ( hot wat]2 season ) nutmeg4 ,,viii4--,hot ,egg ,phosphate4--,break fre% egg into %ak] & add #a_/b ounce p9eapple syrup1 #a_/b ounce orange syrup1 #a da% phosphate4 ,%ake1 )\t ice1 & p\r into b\illon cup4 ,draw cupful ( hot wat]1 spr9kle a t\* ( c9namon1 & s]ve ) waf]s4 ,,fancy ,,soda ,,dr9ks3 ,c(fee ,cream ,soda4--,s]ve 9 a #ab-ounce glass4 ,draw #a #a_/b ounces ( syrup & #a ounce ( cream4 ,into ! %ak] draw #h ounces ( c>bonat$ wat]1 p\r into ! glass suffici5t to fill x to )9 #aad #a in* ( ! top2 p\r f glass to %ak] & back1 once or twice1 to mix ?or\ghly2 give ! dr9k a ri*1 creamy appe>ance1 & make x cream suffici5tly to fill ! glass4 ,ic$ ,c(fee4--,s]ve 9 a #aj-ounce glass4 ,draw #a ounce into glass1 fill ne>ly full ) ice-cold milk1 & mix by /irr+4 ,egg ,malt$ ,milk ,c(fee4--,prep>e same z malt$ milk c(fee1 ) ! exception ( add+ ! egg be=e %ak+1 & top (f ) a little nutmeg1 if desir$4 ,?is dr9k is sometimes call$ c(fee light lun*4 ,c(fee ,frapp4--,s]ve 9 a #ab-ounce glass4 ,c(fee syrup1 #a #a_/b ounces2 :ite ( #a egg2 #a to #a #a_/b ounces ( pure1 ri*1 sweet cream2 a small portion ( f9e %av$ ice2 %ake ?or\ghly to beat ! :ite ( ! egg light1 & !n remove ! glass1 leav+ ! cont5ts 9 ! %ak]4 ,n[ fill ! %ak] two-?irds full1 us+ ! f9e /ream only4 ,draw z quickly z possible t ! dr9k may be nice & light4 ,n[ p\r into glass & back1 & !n /ra9 into a clean glass4 ,s]ve at once1 & )\t /raws4 ,?is %\ld be drunk at once1 else x w settle1 & lose its lightness & ri*ness4 ,c(fee ,nogg4-- ,c(fee syrup #b ounces ,br&y #d dra*ms ,cream #b ounces ,"o egg4 ,c(fee ,cocktail4-- ,c(fee syrup #a ounce ,"o egg4 ,port w9e #a ounce ,br&y #b dra*ms ,%ake1 /ra9 into a small glass1 & add soda4 ,mace on top4 ,*ocolate & ,milk4-- ,*ocolate syrup #b ounces ,sweet milk1 suffici5t4 ,fill a glass half full ( %av$ ice1 put 9 ! syrup1 & add milk until ! glass is almo/ full4 ,%ake well1 & s]ve )\t /ra9+4 ,put :ipp$ cream on top & s]ve ) /raws4 ,*ocolate ,frapp4-- ,froz5 :ipp$ cream1 suffici5t4 ,%av$ ice1 suffici5t4 ,fill a glass half full ( froz5 :ipp$ cream1 fill ) %av$ ice ne>ly to ! top1 & p\r 9 *ocolate syrup4 ,o!r syrups may be us$1 if desir$4 ,royal ,frapp4--,?is dr9k consi/s ( #c p>ts black c(fee & #a "p ( br&y1 froz5 9 a cool]1 & s]v$ :ile 9 a semifroz5 /ate4 ,m9t ,julep4--,"o-half tumbl] %av$ ice1 teaspoonful p[d]$ sug>1 da% lemon juice1 #b or #c sprigs ( fre% m9t4 ,cru% ! m9t aga9/ side ( ! glass to get ! flavor4 ,!n add cl>et syrup1 #a_/b ounce2 raspb]ry syrup1 #a #a_/b ounces2 & draw c>bonat$ wat] ne>ly to fill glass4 ,ins]t bun* ( m9t & fill glass1 leav+ full ( %av$ ice4 ,s]ve ) /raws1 & decorate ) fruits ( ! season4 ,grape ,glac4--,beat ?or\ghly ! :ites ( #d eggs & /ir 9 #a p\nd ( p[d]$ sug>1 !n add #a p9t grape juice1 #a p9t wat]1 & #a p\nd m ( p[d]$ sug>4 ,/ir well until sug> is dissolv$1 & s]ve f a pit*] or glass di%1 ) ladle4 8,golf ,goblet40--,s]ve 9 a #ab-ounce glass2 fill two-?irds full ( crack$ ice1 add #a_/b ounce p9eapple juice1 #a teaspoonful lemon juice1 #a teaspoonful raspb]ry v9eg>4 ,put spoon 9 glass1 & fill to )9 "o-half in* ( top ) c>bonat$ wat]2 add %av$ ice1 heap+ full4 ,put /rawb]ry or *]ry on top1 & /ick slice ( orange d[n side ( glass4 ,s]ve ) spoon & /raws4 ,gold5ade4--,%av$ ice1 #a_/b tumbl]ful2 p[d]$ sug>2 juice ( #a lemon2 yolk ( #a egg4 ,%ake well1 add soda wat] f l>ge /ream1 turn f tumbl] to %ak]1 & vice v]sa1 sev]al times1 & /ra9 ?r\gh julep /ra9] into a #ab-ounce tumbl]4 ,lun> ,bl5d4--,take two mix+ glasses1 break an egg1 putt+ ! yolk 9 "o glass1 ! :ite into ! o!r2 into ! glass ) ! yolk add #a ounce *]ry syrup & "s crack$ ice2 %ake1 add small quantity soda1 & /ra9 into a #ab-ounce glass4 ,into ! o!r mix+ glass add #a ounce pla9 sweet cream1 & beat ) b> spoons until well :ipp$2 add #a_/b ounce lemon syrup1 !n transf] x into ! %ak]1 & add soda f f9e /ream only1 & float on top ( ! "o conta9+ ! yolk & %]ry4 ,s]ve ) two /raws4 ,egg ,*ocolate4-- ,*ocolate syrup #b ounces ,cream #d ounces ,:ite ( "o egg4 #aae ,egg ,crme de ,m5!4-- ,m9t syrup #ab dra*ms ,cream #c ounces ,:ite ( "o egg4 ,:isky #d dra*ms ,egg ,%]bet4-- ,%]ry syrup #d dra*ms ,p9eapple syrup #d dra*ms ,raspb]ry syrup #d dra*ms ,"o egg4 ,cream4 ,egg ,cl>et4-- ,cl>et syrup #b ounces ,cream #c ounces ,"o egg4 ,royal ,mi/4-- ,orange syrup #a ounce ,catawba syrup #a ounce ,cream #b ounces ,"o egg4 ,banana ,cream4-- ,banana syrup #ab dra*ms ,cream #d ounces ,"o egg4 ,egg ,c(fee4-- ,c(fee syrup #b ounces ,cream #c ounces ,"o egg4 ,%av$ ice4 ,cocoa ,m9t4-- ,*ocolate syrup #a ounce ,pepp]m9t syrup #a ounce ,:ite ( "o egg4 ,cream #b ounces ,! pepp]m9t syrup is made z foll[s3 ,oil ( pepp]m9t #cj m9ims ,syrup simplex #a gallon ,soda foam #a ounce ,egg ,lemonade4-- ,juice ( "o lemon4 ,pulv]iz$ sug> #c teasp'fuls ,"o egg4 ,wat]1 q4 s4 ,%ake well1 us+ pl5ty ( ice1 & s]ve 9 a small glass4 ,nadjy4-- ,raspb]ry juice #a ounce ,p9eapple syrup #a ounce ,"o egg4 ,cream #b ounces ,sib]ian ,flip4-- ,orange syrup #a ounce ,p9eapple syrup #a ounce ,"o egg4 ,cream #b ounces ,egg ,orgeat4-- ,orgeat syrup #ab dra*ms ,cream #c ounces ,"o egg4 ,normona4-- ,pea* syrup #a ounce ,grape syrup #a ounce ,cream #c ounces ,br&y #b dra*ms ,"o egg4 ,silv] ,fizz4-- ,catawba syrup #b ounces ,holl& g9 #b dra*ms ,lemon juice #h da%es ,:ite ( "o egg4 ,gold5 ,fizz4-- ,cl>et syrup #b ounces ,holl& g9 #a_/d ounce ,lemon juice #h da%es ,yolk ( "o egg4 ,rose ,cream4-- ,rose syrup #ab dra*ms ,cream #d ounces ,:ite ( "o egg4 ,violet ,cream4-- ,violet syrup #ab dra*ms ,cream #d ounces ,:ite ( "o egg4 ,rose ,m9t4-- ,rose syrup #f dra*ms ,m9t syrup #f dra*ms ,cream #c ounces ,:ite ( "o egg4 ,currant ,cream4-- ,r$-currant syrup #b ounces ,cream #c ounces ,"o egg4 ,qu9ce ,flip4-- ,qu9ce syrup #b ounces ,cream #c ounces ,"o egg4 ,%av$ ice4 ,c(fee ,nogg4-- ,c(fee syrup #b ounces ,br&y #d dra*ms ,cream #b ounces ,"o egg4 ,egg ,s\r4-- ,juice ( "o lemon4 ,simple syrup #ab dra*ms ,"o egg4 ,%ake1 /ra91 & fill ) soda4 ,mace on top4 #aaf ,lemon ,s\r4-- ,lemon syrup #ab dra*ms ,juice ( "o lemon4 ,"o egg4 ,raspb]ry ,s\r4-- ,raspb]ry syrup #ab dra*ms ,"o egg4 ,juice ( "o lemon4 ,yama4-- ,"o egg4 ,cream #b ounces ,sug> #b teaspoonfuls ,jamaica rum #a_/b ounce ,%ake well1 put into cup1 & add hot wat]4 ,s]ve ) :ipp$ cream1 & spr9kle mace on top4 ,prairie ,oy/]4-- ,cid] v9eg> #b ounces ,"o egg4 ,put v9eg> into glass1 & break into x ! egg4 ,season ) salt & pepp]4 ,s]ve )\t mix+4 ,fruit ,frapp4-- ,granulat$ gelat9 #a ounce ,juice ( six lemons4 ,beat5 :ites ( two eggs4 ,wat] #e qu>ts ,syrup #a qu>t ,m>as*9o *]ries #h ounces ,slic$ pea* #d ounces ,slic$ p9eapple #d ounces ,:ole /rawb]ries #d ounces ,slic$ orange #d ounces ,dissolve ! gelat9 9 #a qu>t boil+ hot wat]2 add ! syrup & ! balance ( ! wat]2 add ! :ites ( ! eggs & lemon juice4 ,,k\miss4 ,! orig9al k\miss is ! ,russian1 made f m>e's milk1 :ile t produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry & o!r p>ts ( ,europe is usually1 probably always1 made f c['s milk4 ,= ?is reason !re is a diff]5ce 9 ! prep>ation :i* may or may n be ( consequ5ce4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t ! f]m5t us$ 9 ,russia diff]s f ord9>y yea/1 b ?is has n be5 e/abli%$4 ,9 an article on ?is subject1 contribut$ by ,d4 ,h4 ,davies to ! ,ph>maceutical ,j\rnal & ,transactions1 x is po9t$ out t m>e's milk conta9s less case9 & fatty matt] ?an c['s milk1 & he /ates t x is 8!re=e f> m easy ( dige/ion40 ,he ?9ks t c['s milk yields a bett] prep>ation :5 dilut$ ) wat] to r$uce ! p]c5tage ( case91 etc4 ,he proposes ! foll[+ =mula3 ,fre% milk #ab ounces ,wat] #d ounces ,br[n sug> #aej gra9s ,compress$ yea/ #bd gra9s ,milk sug> #c dra*ms ,dissolve ! milk sug> 9 ! wat]1 add to ! milk1 rub ! yea/ & br[n sug> d[n 9 a mort> ) a little ( ! mixture1 !n /ra9 into ! o!r portion4 ,/rong bottles are v ess5tial1 *ampagne bottles be+ frequ5tly us$1 & ! corks %\ld fit tightly2 9 fact1 x is almo/ necess>y to use a bottl+ ma*9e = ! purpose1 & once ! cork is prop]ly fix$ x %\ld be wir$ d[n4 ,_m failures h result$ because ! corks did n fit prop]ly1 ! result be+ t ! c>bon dioxide escap$ z =m$ & left a wor?less prep>ation4 ,x is fur!r necess>y to keep ! prep>ation at a mod]ate temp]ature1 & to be sure t ! article is prop]ly f9i%$ ! op]ator %\ld g5tly %ake ! bottles ea* day = ab\t #aj m9utes to prev5t ! clott+ ( ! case94 ,x is well to take ! precaution ( roll+ a clo? ar\nd ! bottle dur+ ! %ak+ process1 z ! am\nt ( gas g5]at$ is great1 & %\ld ! bottle be weak x might explode4 ,kogelman says t if #a volume ( butt]milk be mix$ ) #a or #b volumes ( sweet milk1 9 a %ort "t lively f]m5tation sets 91 & 9 ab\t #c days ! "w is complet$4 ,?is1 accord+ to ! au?or1 produces a w9e-sc5t$ fluid1 ri* 9 alcohol1 c>bon dioxide1 lactic acid1 & case91 :i*1 accord+ to all inve/igations yet made1 is id5tical ) k\miss4 ,! foll[+ practical h9ts are giv5 = ! production ( a good article3 ,! sweet milk us$ %\ld n be entirely fre$ f cream2 ! bottles %\ld be ( /rong glass2 ! f]m5t+ milk mu/ be indu/ri\sly %ak5 by ! op]ator at lea/ #c times a day1 & !n ! cork put 9 firmly1 s t ! fluid w become well *>g$ ) c>bon-dioxide gas2 ! bottles mu/ be daily op5$ & at lea/ twice ea* day br\ght ne>ly to a horizontal position1 9 ord] to all[ ! c>bon dioxide to escape & air to ent]2 o!rwise f]m5tation rapidly ceases4 ,if a dr9k is desir$ /rong 9 c>bonic acid1 ! bottles1 t[>d ! end ( f]m5tation1 %\ld be plac$ ) ! necks d[n4 ,9 ord] to f]m5t a fre% quantity ( milk1 simply add #a_/c ( its volume ( ei!r actively f]m5t+ or fre%ly f]m5t$ milk4 ,! temp]ature %\ld be f #ej to #fj ,f41 ab\t #fj be+ ! mo/ favorable4 #aag ,"h are "s miscellane\s =mulas3 ,i4--,fill a qu>t *ampagne bottle up to ! neck ) pure milk2 add #b tablespoonfuls ( :ite sug>1 aft] dissolv+ ! same 9 a little wat] ov] a hot fire2 add also a qu>t] ( a #b-;c5t cake ( compress$ yea/4 ,!n tie ! cork 9 ! bottle securely1 & %ake ! mixture well2 place x 9 a room ( ! temp]ature ( #ej to #ie ,f4 = #f h\rs1 & f9ally 9 ! ice box ov] night4 ,h&le wrapp$ 9 a t[el z protection if ! bottle %\ld bur/4 ,be sure t ! milk is pure1 t ! bottle is s\nd1 t ! yea/ is fre%1 to op5 ! mixture 9 ! morn+ ) great c>e1 on acc\nt ( its eff]vesc5t prop]ties2 & be sure n to dr9k x at all if !re is any curdle or ?ick5+ "p resembl+ *eese1 z ?is indicates t ! f]m5tation has be5 prolong$ beyond ! prop] "t4 ,,ii4--,dilute ! milk ) #a_/f "p ( hot wat]1 & :ile /ill tepid add #a_/h ( v s\r 7b o!rwise good7 butt]milk4 ,put x into a wide jug1 cov] ) a clean clo?1 & let /& 9 a w>mi% place 7ab\t #ge ,f47 = #bd h\rs2 /ir up well1 & leave = ano!r #bd h\rs4 ,!n beat ?or\ghly toge!r1 & p\r f jug to jug till p]fectly smoo? & creamy4 ,x is n[ 8/ill0 k\miss1 & may be drunk at once4 ,to make x sp>kl+1 :i* is g5]ally pref]r$1 put x into *ampagne or soda-wat] bottles2 d n q fill !m1 secure ! corks well1 & lay !m 9 a cool cell>4 ,x w !n keep = #f or #h weeks1 ?\gh x becomes increas+ly acid4 ,to mature "s = dr9k+ quickly1 x is z well to keep a bottle or two to />t ) 9 "s w>m] place1 & f "t to "t %ake vigor\sly4 ,) ?is treatm5t x %\ld1 9 ab\t #c days1 become suffici5tly eff]vesc5t to spurt freely ?r\gh a *ampagne tap1 :i* mu/ be us$ = draw+ x (f z requir$4 ,lat] on1 :5 v fro?y & acid x is m pleasant to dr9k if a little sweet5$ wat] 7or milk & wat]7 is fir/ put into ! glass4 ,%ake ! bottle1 & hold x inv]t$ well into ! tumbl] be=e turn+ ! tap4 ,hav+ made "o lot ( k\miss z above y c use "s ( t in/ead ( butt]milk z a f]m5t = a second lot1 & s on #e or #f times 9 succession2 aft] :i* x w be f\nd advisable to beg9 aga9 z at fir/4 ,m>e's milk is ! be/ = k\miss2 !n ass's milk4 ,c['s milk may be made m l !m by add+ a little sug> ( milk 7or ev5 loaf sug>7 ) ! hot wat] be=e f]m5t+4 ,b p]haps ! *ief drawback to c['s milk is t ! cream sep>ates p]man5tly1 :]eas t ( m>e's milk w remix4 ,h5ce use p>tially skimm$ milk2 = if !re is mu* cream x only =ms little lumps ( butt]1 :i* are apt to clog ! tap1 or are left beh9d 9 ! bottle4 ,kwass4--,kwass is a popul> dr9k among ! ,russian population ( ,kunzews1 prep>$ z foll[s3 ,9 a big kettle put f #ac to #ae qu>ts ( wat]1 & br+ to a boil1 & :5 9 active ebullition p\r 9 #ejj grams ( malt4 ,let boil = #bj m9utes1 remove f ! fire1 let cool d[n1 & /ra9 (f4 ,! liquid is n[ put into a clean keg or b>rel1 #cj grams 7ab\t an ounce7 ( be/ compress$ yea/ add$ along ) ab\t #fjj grams 7#bj ounces7 ( sug>1 & ! cask is put 9 a w>m place to f]m5t4 ,z soon z bubbles ( c>bonic gas are detect$ on ! surface ( ! liquid1 x is a signal t ! latt] is ready = bottl+4 ,9 ea* ( ! bottles1 :i* %\ld be /rong & clean1 put "o big rais91 fill1 cork1 & wire d[n4 ,! bottles %\ld be plac$ on ! side1 & 9 ! coole/ place available--be/1 on ice4 ,! liquor is ready = dr9k+ 9 f #b to #c days1 & is said to be mo/ palatable4 8,braga40--,braga is a liquid ( milky turbidity1 resembl+ caf au lait 9 color1 & =m+ a consid]able precipitate if left alone4 ,:5 %ak5 x sp>kles & a little gas escapes4 ,its ta/e is m or less acid1 possess+ a pleasant flavor4 ,ab\t #ce p>ts ( cru%$ millet1 to :i* a little :eat fl\r is add$1 are plac$ 9 a l>ge kettle4 ,on ?is ab\t #djj p>ts ( wat] are p\r$4 ,! mixture is /irr$ well & boil$ = #c h\rs4 ,aft] settl+ = #a h\r ! lo/ wat] is r5ew$ & ! boil+ cont9u$ = ano!r #aj h\rs4 ,a visc\s mass rema9s 9 ! kettle1 :i* sub/ance is spread ^u l>ge tables to cool4 ,aft] x is p]fectly cool1 x is /irr$ ) wat] 9 a wood5 tr\gh & left to f]m5t = #h h\rs4 ,?is pulp is sift$1 mix$ ) a little wat]1 & aft] an h\r ! braga is ready = sale4 ,! ta/e is a little sweeti% at fir/1 b becomes m & m s\ri% 9 "t4 ,f]m5tation beg9s only 9 ! tr\gh4 ,,w9t] ,,bev]ages3 ,camp*ello4--,?or\ghly beat ! yolks ( #ab fre% eggs ) #b #a_/d p\nds f9ely p[d]$1 ref9$ sug>1 ! juice #aah ( #c lemons & #b oranges1 & #c bottles ( ,grves or o!r :ite w9e1 ov] ! fire1 until ris+4 ,remove1 & sl[ly beat #a bottle ( ,jamaica rum ) x4 ,egg ,w9e4--,vigor\sly beat #d :ole eggs & ! yolks ( #d ) #a_/b p\nd ( f9e sug>2 next add #b qu>ts ( :ite w9e & beat ov] a mod]ate fire until ris+4 ,bav>oise au ,cognac4--,beat up ! yolks ( #h eggs 9 #a qu>t ( good milk ov] ! fire1 until boil+1 !n quickly add #e ounces ( sug> & #a_/h qu>t ( f9e cognac4 ,bav>oise au ,caf4--,heat #a p9t ( /rong c(fee & #a p9t ( milk1 #e ounces ( sug>1 & ! yolks ( #h eggs1 until boil+1 !n add #a_/af qu>t ( ,jamaica rum4 ,c>bonat$ ,p9eapple ,*ampagne4-- ,pla9 syrup1 #db #aj gallons ,ess5ce ( p9eapple #h dra*ms ,t9cture ( lemon #e ounces ,c>bonate ( magnesia #a ounce ,liquid saffron #b #a_/b ounces ,citric-acid solution #cj ounces ,c>amel #b #a_/b ounces ,filt] be=e add+ ! citric-acid solution & limejuice4 ,use #b ounces to ea* bottle4 ,a ,g]man ,dr9k4--,to #ajj p>ts ( wat] add f #aj to #ae p>ts ( sug>1 dissolve & add to ! syrup ?us =m$ an aque\s extract ( #j4h p>ts ( gre5 or black tea4 ,add fre% be] or brew]s' yea/1 put 9 a w>m place & let f]m5t4 ,:5 f]m5tation has progress$ to a c]ta9 po9t ! liquid is cle>$1 & !n bottl$1 cork$1 & ! corks ti$ d[n4 ,! dr9k is said to be v pleasant4 ,limejuice ,cordial4--,limejuice cordial t w keep good = any l5g? ( "t may be made z foll[s3 ,sug>1 #f p\nds2 wat]1 #d p9ts2 citric acid1 #d ounces2 boric acid1 #a_/b ounce4 ,dissolve by ! aid ( a g5tle heat1 & :5 cold add ref9$ limejuice1 #fj ounces2 t9cture ( lemon peel1 #d ounces2 wat] to make up to #b gallons1 & color ) c>amel4 ,summ] ,dr9k4-- ,*opp$ ice #b tablespoonfuls ,*ocolate syrup #b tablespoonfuls ,:ipp$ cream #c tablespoonfuls ,milk #a_/b cup ,c>bonat$ wat] #a_/d cup ,%ake or /ir well be=e dr9k+4 ,a tablespoonful ( vanilla ice cream is a desirable addition4 ,a pla9] dr9k is made by comb9+ ! syrup1 #c_/d cup ( milk1 & ! ice1 & %ak+ well4 ,am]ican ,*ampagne4--,good cid] 7crab-apple cid] is ! be/71 #g gallons2 be/ f\r?-pro( br&y1 #a qu>t2 g5u9e *ampagne w9e1 #e p9ts2 milk1 #a gallon2 bit>trate ( potassa1 #b ounces4 ,mix1 let /& a %ort "t2 bottle :ile f]m5t+4 ,an excell5t imitation4 ,briti% ,*ampagne4--,loaf sug>1 #ef p\nds2 br[n sug> 7pale71 #dh p\nds2 wat] 7w>m71 #de gallons2 :ite t>t>1 #d ounces2 mix1 & at a prop] temp]ature add yea/1 #a qu>t2 & aft]w>ds sweet cid]1 #e gallons2 bruis$ wild *]ries1 #ad or #ae ounces2 pale spirits1 #a gallon2 orris p[d]1 #a_/b ounce4 ,bottle :ile f]m5t+4 ,*ampagne ,cid]4--,good pale cid]1 #a hog%ead2 spirits1 #c gallons2 sug>1 #bj p\nds2 mix1 & let x /& "o =tnight2 !n f9e ) skimm$ milk1 #a_/b gallon2 ?is w be v pale1 & a simil> article1 :5 prop]ly bottl$ & label$1 op5s s briskly t ev5 good judges h mi/ak5 x = g5u9e *ampagne4 ,,be]3 ,scot* ,be]4--,add #a peck malt to #d gallons ( boil+ wat] & let x ma% = #h h\rs1 & !n /ra91 & 9 ! /ra9$ liquor boil3 ,hops #d ounces ,cori&] se$s #a ounce ,honey #a p\nd ,orange peel #b ounces ,bruis$ g+] #a ounce ,boil = half an h\r1 !n /ra9 & f]m5t 9 ! usual way4 ,hop ,bitt] ,be]4-- ,cori&] se$s #b ounces ,orange peel #d ounces ,g+] #a ounce ,g5tian root #a_/b ounce ,boil 9 #e gallons ( wat] = half an h\r1 !n /ra9 & put into ! liquor #d ounces hops & #c p\nds ( sug>1 & simm] = #ae m9utes1 !n add suffici5t yea/1 & bottle :5 ready4 ,s>sap>illa ,be]4--,i4--,comp\nd extract ( s>sap>illa1 #a #a_/b ounces2 hot wat]1 #a p9t2 dissolve1 & :5 cold1 add ( good pale or ,ea/ ,india ale1 #g p9ts4 ,,ii4--,s>sap>illa 7slic$71 #a p\nd2 guaiacum b>k 7bruis$ small71 #a_/d p\nd2 guaiacum wood 7rasp$7 & licorice root 7slic$71 ( ea*1 #b ounces2 anise$ 7bruis$71 #a #a_/b ounces2 mez]eon #aai root-b>k1 #a ounce2 cloves 7cut small71 #a_/d ounce2 moi/ sug>1 #c #a_/b p\nds2 hot wat] 7n boil+71 #i qu>ts2 mix 9 a clean /one j>1 & keep x 9 a mod]ately w>m room 7%ak+ x twice or ?rice daily7 until active f]m5tation sets 91 !n let x repose = ab\t a week1 :5 x w be ready = use4 ,?is is said to be sup]ior to ! o!r prep>ations ( s>sap>illa z an alt]ative or purifi] ( ! blood1 p>ticul>ly 9 old affections4 ,t usually made has g5]ally only #a_/b ( ! above quantity ( sug>1 = :i* molasses is (t5 sub/itut$2 b 9 ei!r case x w n keep well2 :]eas1 ) prop] caution1 ! products ( ! above =mulas may be kept = #a or ev5 #b ye>s4 ,no yea/ mu/ be us$4 ,dose3 ,a small tumbl]ful #c or #d times a day1 or (t5]4 ,spruce ,be]4--,i4--,sug>1 #a p\nd2 ess5ce ( spruce1 #a_/b ounce2 boil+ wat]1 #a gallon2 mix well1 & :5 ne>ly cold add ( yea/ #a_/b w9eglassful2 & ! next day bottle l g+] be]4 ,,ii4--,ess5ce ( spruce1 #a_/b p9t2 pim5to & g+] 7bruis$71 ( ea*1 #e ounces2 hops1 #a_/b p\nd2 wat]1 #c gallons2 boil ! :ole = #aj m9utes1 !n add ( moi/ sug>1 #ab p\nds 7or good molasses1 #ad p\nds72 w>m wat]1 #aa gallons2 mix well1 &1 :5 only lukew>m1 fur!r add ( yea/1 #a p9t2 aft] ! liquid has f]m5t$ = ab\t #bd h\rs1 bottle x4 ,?is is diuretic & antiscorbutic4 ,x is reg>d$ z an agreeable summ] dr9k1 & (t5 f\nd useful dur+ long sea voyages4 ,:5 made ) lump sug> x is call$ ,:ite ,spruce ,be]2 :5 ) moi/ sug> or treacle1 ,br[n ,spruce ,be]4 ,an inf]ior sort is made by us+ less sug> or m wat]4 ,treacle ,be]4--,i4--,f treacle or molasses1 #c_/d to #b p\nds p] gallon 7accord+ to ! desir$ /r5g?72 hops1 #a_/d to #c_/d ounce2 yea/1 a tablespoonful2 wat]1 q4 s42 treat$ z bel[4 ,,ii4--,hops1 #a #a_/b p\nds2 cori&]s1 #a ounce2 capsicum pods 7cut small71 #a_/b ounce2 wat]1 #h gallons2 boil = #aj or #ae m9utes1 & /ra9 ! liquor ?r\gh a co>se sieve into a b>rel conta9+ treacle1 #bh p\nds2 !n ?r[ back ! hops1 etc41 into ! copp] & reboil !m1 = #aj m9utes1 ) a second #h gallons ( wat]1 :i* mu/ be /ra9$ into ! b>rel1 z be=e2 next 8rummage0 ! :ole well ) a /\t /ick1 add ( cold wat] #ba gallons 7suffici5t to make ! :ole measure #cg gallons71 &1 aga9 aft] mix+1 /ir 9 #a_/b p9t ( good fre% yea/2 la/ly1 let x rema9 = #bd h\rs 9 a mod]ately w>m place1 aft] :i* x may be put into ! cell>1 & 9 #b or #c days bottl$ or tapp$ on draught4 ,9 a week x w be fit to dr9k4 ,= a /rong] be]1 #cf p\nds1 or ev5 half a hundr$weight ( molasses may be us$4 ,x w !n keep good = a twelvemon?4 ,?is is a :olesome dr9k1 b apt to prove laxative :5 tak5 9 l>ge quantities4 ,weiss ,be]4--,?is diff]s f ! ord9>y lag] be] 9 t x conta9s :eat malt4 ,! proportions are #b_/c :eat to #a_/c b>ley malt1 #a p\nd hops be+ us$ ) a peck ( ! comb9$ malt to ea* #bj gallons ( wat]4 ,a good deal dep5ds on ! yea/1 :i* mu/ be ( a special k9d1 ! be/ grades be+ import$ f ,g]many4 ,yell[ ,color+ = ,bev]ages4--,! color+ ag5ts employ$ are fu/ic1 saffron1 turm]ic1 qu]citron1 & ! v>i\s anil9e dyes4 ,"h are "s =mulas3 ,i4--,saffron #a ounce ,deodoriz$ alcohol #d fluid\nces ,di/ill$ wat] #d fluid\nces ,mix alcohol & wat]1 & !n add ! saffron4 ,all[ ! mixture to /& 9 a w>m place = sev]al days1 %ak+ occasionally2 !n filt]4 ,! t9cture ?us prep>$ has a deep orange color1 & :5 dilut$ or us$ 9 small quantities gives a beautiful yell[ t9t to syrups1 etc4 ,,ii4--,gr\nd fu/ic wood #a #a_/b ounces ,deodoriz$ alcohol #d fluid\nces ,di/ill$ wat] #d fluid\nces ,?is color may be made 9 ! same mann] z ! liquid saffron1 & is a f9e color+ = _m purposes4 ,,iii4--,turm]ic p[d] #b ounces ,alcohol1 dilute #af ounces ,mac]ate = sev]al days1 agitat+ frequ5tly1 & filt]4 ,= "s bev]ages ! addition ( ?is t9cture is n to be recomm5d$1 z x possesses a v spicy ta/e4 ,! nonpoison\s anil9e dyes recomm5d$ = color+ confection]y1 bev]ages1 liquors1 ess5ces1 etc41 yell[ are ^? kn[n z acid yell[ ,r & tropol9 #jjj 7orange ,i74 ,,bicycle-,,tire ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,rubb] ,cem5ts4 ,,bicycle ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 #abj ,,bid]y ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,billi>d ,,balls3 ,see ,ivory & ,case94 ,,bir* ,,balsam3 ,see ,balsam4 ,,bir* ,,wat]3 ,see ,hair ,prep>ations4 ,,bird ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,bird ,,foods3 ,see also ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,mix$ ,birdse$4-- ,can>y se$ #f p>ts ,rape se$ #b p>ts ,maw se$ #a "p ,millet se$ #b p>ts ,mock+-,bird ,food4-- ,cay5ne pepp] #b ounces ,rape se$ #h ounces ,hemp se$ #af ounces ,corn meal #b ounces ,rice #b ounces ,crack] #h ounces ,l>d oil #b ounces ,mix ! solids1 gr9d+ to a co>se p[d]1 & incorporate ! oil4 ,food = ,r$birds4-- ,sunfl[] se$ #h ounces ,hemp se$ #af ounces ,can>y se$ #aj ounces ,:eat #h ounces ,rice #f ounces ,mix & gr9d to co>se p[d]4 ,,bird ,,lime3 ,see ,lime4 ,,bird ,,pa/e3 ,see ,can>y-,bird ,pa/e4 ,,bis*(f3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,biscuit1 ,,dog3 ,see ,dog ,biscuit4 ,,bismu? ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,bismu?1 ,,purification ,,(3 ,see ,gold4 ,,bitt]s3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,bitt] ,,wat]3 ,see ,wat]s4 ,,black+ ,,= ,,h>ness3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,black+ ,,= ,,%oes3 ,see ,%o$ress+s4 ,,black+1 ,,/ove3 ,see ,/ove ,black+s & ,poli%es4 ,,blackb]ry ,,cordial ,,& ,,blackb]ry ,,mixture ,,z ,a ,,*ol]a ,,rem$y3 ,see ,*ol]a ,rem$y4 ,,blackbo>d ,,pa9t ,,& ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,pa9t & ,v>ni%4 ,,blackhead ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,blanket ,,wa%+3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,bla/+ ,,p[d]3 ,see ,explosives4 ,blea*+ ,l954--,mix common blea*+ p[d] 9 ! proportion ( #a p\nd to a gallon ( wat]2 /ir x occasionally = #c days1 let x settle1 & p\r x (f cle>4 ,!n make a lye ( #a p\nd ( soda to #a gallon ( boil+ wat]1 9 :i* soak ! l95 = #ab h\rs1 & boil x half an h\r2 next soak x 9 ! blea*+ liquor1 made z above2 & la/ly1 wa% x 9 ! usual mann]4 ,discolor$ l95 or musl9 may be re/or$ by putt+ a portion ( blea*+ liquor into ! tub :]e9 ! articles are soak+4 ,/raw4--,i4--,dip ! /raw 9 a solution ( oxyg5at$ muriatic acid1 saturat$ ) pota%4 7,oxyg5at$ muriate ( lime is mu* *eap]47 ,! /raw is ?us r5d]$ v :ite1 & its flexibility is increas$4 ,,ii4--,/raw is blea*$ by simply expos+ x 9 a clos$ *amb] to ! fumes ( burn+ sulphur4 ,an old fl\r b>rel is ! app>atus mo/ us$ = ! purpose by mill9]s1 a flat /one be+ laid on ! gr\nd1 ! sulphur ignit$ !reon1 & ! b>rel conta9+ ! goods to be blea*$ turn$ ov] x4 ,! goods %\ld be previ\sly wa%$ 9 pure wat]4 ,wool1 ,silk1 or ,/raw4--,mix toge!r #d p\nds ( oxalic acid1 #d p\nds ( table salt1 wat] #ej gallons4 ,! goods are laid 9 ?is mixture = #a h\r2 !y are !n g5]ally well blea*$1 & only require to be ?or\ghly r9s$ & work$4 ,= blea*+ /raw x is be/ to soak ! goods 9 cau/ic soda1 & aft]w>ds to make use ( *loride ( lime or ,javelle wat]4 ,! excess ( #aba *lor9e is aft]w>ds remov$ by hyposulphite ( soda4 ,fea!rs4--,place ! fea!rs f #c to #d h\rs 9 a tepid dilute solution ( bi*romate ( potassa1 to :i*1 cauti\sly1 "s nitric acid has be5 add$ 7a small quantity only74 ,to remove a gre5i% hue induc$ by ?is solution1 place !m 9 a dilute solution ( sulphuric acid1 9 wat]1 :]eby ! fea!rs become p]fectly :ite & blea*$4 ,blea*+ ,solution4--,alum9um hypo*loride1 or ,wilson's blea*+ liquid1 is produc$ by add+ to a cle> solution ( lime *loride a solution ( alum9um sulphate 7alum9a1 alum7 z long z a precipitate keeps =m+4 ,by mutual decomposition alum9um *loride results1 :i* rema9s 9 solution1 & lime sulphate 7gypsum71 :i* sep>ates out 9 ! =m ( an insoluble salt4 ,,blight ,,rem$ies4 ,i4--,s(t soap #dj p>ts ,amyl alcohol #ej p>ts ,me?ylat$ _s #bj p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,,ii4--,s(t soap #cj p>ts ,sulphuret$ pota% #b p>ts ,amyl alcohol #cb p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,,iii4--,s(t soap #ae p>ts ,sulphuret$ pota% #bi p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,,blea*+ ,,solutions ,,= ,,! ,,laundry3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,blea*+ ,,solution ,,= ,,photographs3 ,see ,photography4 ,,ble$+1 ,,local3 ,see ,/yptics4 ,,bli/] ,,cure3 ,see ,turp5t9e4 ,,bli/]s1 ,,= ,,horses3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,block1 ,,holl[ ,,concrete ,,build+3 ,see ,/one1 ,artificial4 ,,block ,,= ,,sold]+3 ,see ,sold]+4 ,,blott+ ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,blue ,,f ,,gre5 ,,at ,,night1 ,,to ,,di/+ui%3 ,to di/+ui% blue f gre5 at night1 use ei!r ! light ( a magnesium wire = ?is purpose or take a numb] ( ,sw$i% 7p>lor7 mat*es1 light !m1 & z soon z !y fla% up1 obs]ve ! #b colors1 :5 ! diff]5ce c be easily told4 ,,blue 7,,ball73 ,see ,dyes4 ,,blu+3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,blu+ ,,( ,,/eel3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,blue ,,pr9ts1 ,,to ,,make ,,*anges ,,& ,,corrections ,,on3 ,use a solution ( sodium c>bonate & wat]1 ) a little r$ ink mix$ 94 ,?is gives a v pleas+ p9k color to ! *anges :i*1 at ! same "t1 is v noticeable4 ,! am\nt ( sodium c>bonate us$ dep5ds ^u ! surface ( ! blue-pr9t pap]1 z "s co>se-gra9$ pap]s w look bett] if less soda is us$ & vice v]sa4 ,h[ev]1 ! am\nt ( p[d]$ soda held on a small co9 dissolv$ 9 a bottle ( wat] gives good results4 ,,blue-,,pr9t ,,pap] ,,mak+3 ,see ,photography4 ,,blue ,,pr9ts1 ,,to ,,turn ,,br[n3 ,see ,photography1 "u ,ton+4 ,,boil ,,rem$y4 ,take a piece ( s(t l95 or borat$ gauze1 rub "s vasel9e ^u "o side ( x1 quickly p\r ^u x "s *lor(orm1 apply x to ! unop5$ boil or c>buncle1 & place a b&age ov] all4 ,x sm>ts a little at fir/1 b ?is is soon succe$$ by a pleas+1 cool s5sation4 ,! pati5t is giv5 a bottle ( ! rem$y1 & direct$ to *ange ! clo? (t54 ,9 f #b h\rs to #a day ! boil 7no matt] h[ indurat$7 s(t5s & op5s4 ,boil] ,comp\nds ,!re are ?ree *emicals :i* are kn[n to attack boil] scale4 ,^! are cau/ic soda1 soda a%1 & tannic-acid comp\nds1 ! la/ be+ d]iv$ f sumac1 cate*u1 & ! exhau/$ b>k liquor f tann]ies4 ,cau/ic soda 9 l>ge excess is injuri\s to boil] fitt+s1 gaskets1 valves1 #abb etc4 ,t x is injuri\s1 9 reasonable excess1 to ! boil] tubes !mselves is yet to be prov$4 ,foam+ & prim+ may be caus$ ?r\gh excess ( cau/ic soda or soda a%1 z is well kn[n by e practical eng9e]4 ,tannic acid is to be condemn$ & ! use ( its salts is n to be recomm5d$4 ,x may unite ) ! organic matt]1 pres5t 9 ! =m ( album9oids1 & ) calcium & magnesium c>bonates4 ,t x removes scale is an assur$ fact2 t x removes iron ) ! scale is also assur$1 z tannic acid corrodes an iron surface rapidly4 ,comp\nds ( vegetable orig9 are widely adv]tis$1 b !y (t5 conta9 dextr9e & gum1 bo? ( :i* are dang]\s1 z !y coat ! tubes ) a compact scale1 n p]mitt+ ! wat] to rea* ! iron4 ,molasses is acid & %\ld n be us$ 9 ! boil]4 ,/>* sub/ances g5]ally %\ld be avoid$4 ,k]os5e mu/ be dang]\s1 z x is v volatile & mu/ soon leave ! boil] & pass ov] & ?r\gh ! eng9e4 ,!re are two mat]ials ! use ( :i* 9 boil]s is n prohibit$ ?r\gh action ^u ! metal itself or on acc\nt ( price4 ,^! are soda a% & cau/ic soda4 ,sodium triphosphate & sodium fluoride h bo? be5 us$ ) success1 b _! co/ is sev]al hundr$ p] c5t great] ?an soda a%4 ,if prescrib$ z p] analysis1 9 slight excess1 !re %\ld be no injuri\s results ?r\gh ! use ( cau/ic soda & soda a%4 ,x w\ld be practicable to manufacture an intimate mixture ( cau/ic soda & c>bonate ( soda1 conta9+ en\gh ( ea* to s(t5 ! av]age wat] ( a giv5 di/rict4 ,!re is a great deal ( fraud 9 connection ) boil] comp\nds g5]ally4 ,! bett] class ( v5d]s adv]tise to prep>e a special comp\nd = special wat]4 ,?is is exp5sive1 save on a l>ge scale1 9 ref]5ce to a p>ticul> wat]1 = x w\ld mean a score or m ( tanks ) m5 to make up ! mixtures4 ,! less hone/ ( ! boil]-comp\nd guild consign ea* sample ( wat] to ! sew] & s5d ! regul> goods4 ,o!rs h a /ock analysis :i* is s5t to cu/om]s ( a giv5 locality1 :e!r x conta9s iron1 lime1 or magnesium sulphates or c>bonates4 ,any exp5se = s(t5+ wat] 9 excess ( #c c5ts p] #a1jjj gallons is = ! privilege ( us+ a ready-made s(t5]4 ,e sup]9t5d5t 9 *>ge ( a plant %\ld insi/ t ! comp\nd us$ be pron\nc$ by compet5t au?ority free f injuri\s mat]ials1 & t x be adapt$ to ! wat] 9 use4 ,boil] comp\nds %\ld conta9 only su* +r$i5ts z w neutralize ! scale-=m+ salts pres5t4 ,!y %\ld be us$ only by prescription1 s _m gallons p] #a1jjj gallons ( fe$ wat]4 ,a prop]ly proportion$ mixture ( soda ought to answ] ! dem&s ( all plants dep5d+ ^u t me?od ( s(t5+ wat] 9 lime/one & %ale regions4 ,! hone/ boil] comp\nds are1 h[ev]1 useful = small isolat$ plants1 because ( ! simplicity ( _! action4 ,= plants ( f #ge to #aej horse p[] two #bd-;h\r settl+ tanks w answ] ! purpose ( a s(t5+ sy/em4 ,ea* ( ^!1 capable ( hold+ a day's supply1 provid$ ) a soda tank 9 common1 & ) sludge valves1 has paddles = /irr+ ! cont5ts4 ,l>ge plants are op]at$ on ?is pr9ciple1 s]v+ boil]s ( _m ?\s& horse p[]4 ,su* a sy/em has an advantage ov] a cont9u\s sy/em1 9 t ! exact am\nt ( *emical solutions requir$ = s(t5+ ! p>ticul> wat] c be appli$4 ,= "s v>iations ( su* a sy/em1 sev]al companies h secur$ pat5ts4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciples1 h[ev]1 h be5 us$ = _m ye>s & are n pat5table4 ,prev5tion ( ,boil] ,scale4--,! lime conta9$ 9 ! fe$ wat]1 ei!r z bic>bonate or z sulphate1 is precipitat$ 9 ! %ape ( a light mud1 b ! walls ( ! boil] rema9 p]fectly bright )\t be+ attack$ 9 any mann]4 ,:ile "u ord9>y atmosph]ic pressure calcium *romate 9 solution is precipitat$ by soda or ,glaub]'s salt z calcium c>bonate or z calcium sulphate2 ! latt] is sep>at$ "u high] pressure by *romates z calcium *romate4 ,an excess ( *romates or *romic acid does n ex]cise any delet]i\s action ^u ! metal1 nor ^u ! mat]ials us$ = pack+4 ,by ! slight admixture ( *romates1 two p\nds are suffici5t = a small boil] = weeks2 no injuri\s +r$i5ts are c>ri$ 9 by ! wet /eam1 ! injection wat]1 on ! contr>y1 hav+ be5 f\nd to be *emically pure4 ,protect+ ,boil] ,plates f ,scale4-- ,i4--,= a #e-;horse-p[] boil]1 f$ ) wat] :i* conta9s calcic sulphate1 take cate*u1 #b p\nds2 dextr9e1 #a p\nd2 cry/alliz$ soda1 #b p\nds2 pota%1 #a_/b p\nd2 cane sug>1 #a_/b p\nd2 alum1 #a_/b p\nd2 gum arabic1 #a_/b p\nd4 #abc ,,ii4--,= a boil] ( ! same size1 f$ ) wat] :i* conta9s lime3 ,turm]ic1 #b p\nds2 dextr9e1 #a p\nd2 sodium bic>bonate1 #b p\nds2 pota%1 #a_/b p\nd2 alum1 #a_/b p\nd2 molasses1 #a_/b p\nd4 ,,iii4--,= a boil] ( ! same size1 f$ ) wat] :i* conta9s iron3 ,gamboge1 #b p\nds2 soda1 #b p\nds2 dextr9e1 #a p\nd2 pota%1 #a_/b p\nd2 sug>1 #a_/b p\nd2 alum1 #a_/b p\nd2 gum arabic1 #a_/b p\nd4 ,,iv4--,= a boil] ( ! same size1 f$ ) sea wat]3 ,cate*u1 #b p\nds2 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b p\nds2 dextr9e1 #b p\nds2 alum1 #a_/b p\nd2 gum arabic1 #a_/b p\nd4 ,:5 ^! prep>ations are us$ add #a qu>t ( wat]1 & 9 ord9>y cases *>ge ! boil] e mon?2 b if ! incru/ation is v bad1 *>ge e two weeks4 ,v4--,place )9 ! boil] ( #ajj horse p[] #a bucketful ( wa%+ soda2 put 9 #b gallons ( k]os5e oil 7aft] clos+ ! bl[-(f cock71 & fill ! boil] ) wat]4 ,fe$ 9 at lea/ #a qu>t ( k]os5e oil e day ?r\gh a sight-fe$ oil cup atta*$ to ! fe$ pipe ne> ! boil]--i4 e41 betwe5 ! heat] & ! boil]--s t ! oil is n entrapp$ )9 ! heat]4 ,if x is inconv5i5t to op5 ! boil]1 !n dissolve ! wa%+ soda 9 hot wat] & fe$ x 9 ) ! pump or ?r\gh a tall[ cock 7atta*$ betwe5 ! ejector & ! valve 9 ! suction pipe7 :5 ! ejector is work+4 ,,vi4--,a pa9t = protect+ boil] plates f scale1 & pat5t$ 9 ,g]many1 is compos$ ( #aj p\nds ea* ( tra9 oil1 horse fat1 p>aff9e1 & ( f9ely gr\nd z9c :ite4 ,to ?is mixture is add$ #dj p\nds ( graphite & #aj p\nds ( soot made toge!r into a pa/e ) #a #a_/b gallons ( wat]1 & ab\t a p\nd ( c>bolic acid4 ,! horse fat & ! z9c oxide make a soap difficult to fuse1 :i* adh]es /rongly to ! plates1 & b9ds ! graphite & ! soot4 ,! p>aff9e prev5ts ! wat] f p5etrat+ ! coats4 ,! scale :i* =ms on ?is application c be deta*$1 x is said1 ) a wood5 mallet1 )\t injur+ ! pa9t4 ,,vii4--,m4 ,e4 ,assel91 ( ,p>is1 recomm5ds ! use ( glyc]9e z a prev5tive4 ,x increases ! solubility ( comb9ations ( lime1 & especially ( ! sulphate4 ,x =ms ) ^! comb9ations soluble comp\nds4 ,:5 ! quantity ( lime becomes s great t x c no long] be dissolv$1 nor =m soluble comb9ations1 x is deposit$ 9 a gelat9\s sub/ance1 :i* nev] adh]es to ! surface ( ! iron plates4 ,! gelat9\s sub/ances ?us =m$ are n c>ri$ ) ! /eam into ! cyl9d] ( ! eng9e4 ,m4 ,assel9 advises ! employm5t ( #a p\nd ( glyc]9e = e #cjj p\nds or #djj p\nds ( coal burnt4 ,prev5tion ( ,electrolysis4--,9 ord] to prev5t ! eat+ away ( ! %eets & tubes by electrolytic action1 x has long be5 ! practice ( m>9e eng9e]s to susp5d slabs ( z9c 9 _! boil]s4 ,! z9c1 be+ m susceptible to ! electrolytic action ?an ! iron1 is eat5 away1 :ile ! iron rema9s unimpair$4 ,! use ( z9c 9 ?is way has be5 f\nd also to r$uce ! tr\ble f boil] scale4 ,:e!r x be due to ! =mation ( hydrog5 bubbles betwe5 ! heat+ surfaces & incipi5t scale1 to ! pres5ce 9 ! wat] ( ! z9c salts result+ f ! dissolution ( ! z9c1 or to :atev] cause1 x appe>s to be a g5]al conclusion among ^? :o h us$ x t ! z9c helps ! scale1 z well z ! corrosion4 ,nobody has ev] claim$ = x t x prev5t$ ! atta*m5t ( scale altoge!r1 b ! cons5sus ( op9ion is t x 8helps "s40 ,,boil] ,,pressure4 ,x h>dly pays to r$uce pressure on boil]s1 except 9 v extreme cases1 b if x c be done by ?rottl+ be=e ! /eam rea*es ! cyl9d] ( ! eng9e x w\ld be an advantage1 because ?is reta9s ! heat units due to ! high] pressure 9 ! /eam1 & ! ?rottl+ has a slight sup]heat+ effect4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 te/s g to %[ t = light loads & high pressure a ?rottl+ eng9e may d bett] ?an an automatic cut-(f4 ,! ideal arrangem5t is to ?rottle ! /eam = light loads2 = heavi] loads1 all[ ! v>iable cut-(f to come into play4 ,?is practice has be5 c>ri$ into effect by ! design ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,arm/rong1 9 :i* he arranges ! %aft gov]nor s t !re is negative lead up to ne>ly "o-qu>t] cut-(f1 aft] :i* ! lead becomes positive1 & ?is has ! effect ( ?rottl+ ! /eam = ! e>li] loads & und\bt$ly gives bett] economy1 9 addition to mak+ ! eng9e run m quietly4 ,,bone ,,black3 ,bone or ,ivory ,black4--,all bones 7& ivory is bone 9 a s5se7 consi/ ( a framework ( cry/alliz$ matt] or bone e>?1 9 ! int]/ices ( :i* organic matt] is emb$d$4 ,h5ce if #abd bones are heat$ r$-hot 9 a clos$ vessel1 ! organic matt] is de/roy$1 leav+ c>bon1 9 a f9ely divid$ /ate1 lodg$ 9 ! bony framework4 ,if ! heat is appli$ gradually ! bone reta9s its %ape1 b is q black & ( mu* less weight ?an at fir/4 ,?is bone black or animal *>coal is a sub/ance :i* has great p[] ( absorb+ color+ matt] f liquids1 s t x is l>gely us$ = blea*+ su* liquids4 ,= example1 9 ! va/ indu/ry ( beet-sug> manufacture ! solutions fir/ made are v d>k 9 color1 b aft] filtration ?r\gh animal *>coal w give colorless cry/als on evaporation4 ,*emical trades require su* l>ge quantities ( bone *>coal t its production is a l>ge indu/ry 9 itself4 ,z 9 break+ up ! *>r$ bones a consid]able am\nt ( wa/e is produc$1 9 ! =m ( du/ & small gra9s :i* _c be us$ = blea*+ purposes1 ?is wa/e %\ld be work$ up into a pigm5t4 ,?is is done by dissolv+ out ! m9]al ) hydro*loric acid1 & !n r9s+ & dry+ ! c>bon4 ,! m9]al basis ( bones consi/s ma9ly ( ! phosphates ( lime & magnesia1 salts soluble 9 n too dilute hydro*loric acid4 ,a vat is half fill$ ) ! above-m5tion$ wa/e1 :i* is !n j cov]$ ) a mixture ( equal volumes ( comm]cial hydro*loric acid & wat]4 ,z ! m9]al matt] also conta9s c>bonates1 a lively eff]vesc5ce at once ensues1 & small quantities ( hydr(luoric acid are also =m$ f ! decomposition ( calcium fluoride 9 ! bones4 ,n[ hydr(luoric acid is a v dang]\s sub/ance1 z air conta9+ ev5 traces ( x is v injuri\s to ! lungs4 ,h5ce ! addition ( hydro*loric acid %\ld be done 9 ! op5 air1 & ! vat %\ld be left by itself until ! evolution ( fumes ceases4 ,a plug is !n pull$ out at ! bottom & ! c>bon is ?or\ghly dra9$4 ,x is !n /irr$ up ) wat] & aga9 dra9$1 :5 x has fully settl$ to ! bottom4 ,?is r9s+ ) cle> wat] is repeat$ till all ! hydro*loric acid is wa%$ away & only pure c>bon rema9s 9 ! vat4 ,z = pigm5t-mak+ purposes x is ess5tial t ! c>bon %\ld be z f9ely divid$ z possible1 x is z well to gr9d ! wa%$ c>bon 9 an ord9>y color mill4 ,v little p[] is requir$ = ?is purpose1 z :5 once ! bone e>? is remov$ ! c>bon p>ticles h little cohesion4 ,! prop]ly gr\nd mass =ms a deep-black mud1 :i* c be left to dry or be dri$ by artificial heat4 ,:5 dry1 ! purifi$ bone black is ( a pure black & makes a mo/ excell5t pigm5t4 ,bone black is put ^u ! m>ket "u all sorts ( names1 su* z ivory black1 ebur u/um1 ,frank=t black1 neutral black1 etc4 ,all ^! consi/ ( f9ely gr\nd bone black purifi$ f m9]al matt]4 ,if lea!r scraps or dri$ blood are to be work$ up1 iron tubes are employ$1 clos$ at "o end1 & ) a well-fitt+ lid ) a small hole 9 x at ! o!r4 ,z ^! bodies give (f l>ge volumes ( combu/ible gas dur+ ! *>r+1 x is a good plan to lead ! vapors f ! hole by a b5t tube s t !y c be burnt & help to supply ! heat requir$ & s save fuel4 ,lea!r or blood gives a *>coal :i* h>dly requires treatm5t ) hydro*loric acid1 = ! am\nt ( m9]al salts pres5t is s small t its removal appe>s sup]flu\s4 ,,bones1 ,a ,,te/ ,,= ,,brok54 ,place a /e?oscope on "o side ( ! suppos$ fracture1 & a tun+ =k on ! o!r4 ,:5 ! latt] is vibrat$1 & !re is no breakage1 ! s\nd w be he>d di/9ctly ?r\gh bone & /e?oscope4 ,%\ld any d\bt exi/1 comp>ison %\ld be made ) ! same bone on ! o!r side ( ! body4 ,?is te/ %[s ! diff]5ce 9 ! p[] ( conduct+ s\nd possess$ by bone & s(t tissue4 ,,bone ,,blea*es3 ,see ,ivory4 ,,bone ,,fat3 ,see ,fats4 ,,bone ,,fat1 ,,purification ,,& ,,blea*+ ,,(3 ,see ,soap4 ,,bone ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,bone ,,f]tiliz]s3 ,see ,f]tiliz]s4 ,,bones1 ,,treatm5t ,,(1 ,,9 ,,manufactur+ ,,glue3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,bone1 ,,unit+ ,,glass ,,)3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,books1 ,,_! ,,h&l+ ,,& ,,pres]vation3 ,! ,pres]vation ( ,books 9 ,hot ,climates4--,books 9 hot climates quickly det]iorate unless c>efully gu>d$4 ,!re are ?ree de/ructive ag5cies3 7#a7 damp1 7#b7 a small black insect1 7#c7 cockroa*es4 #abe 7#a7 ,books :i* are kept 9 a damp atmosph]e det]iorate on acc\nt ( molds & fungi t gr[ rapidly :5 ! conditions are favorable4 ,books are be/ kept on op51 airy1 well-light$ %elves4 ,:5 !re has be5 a prolong$ spell ( moi/ wea!r _! cov]s %\ld be wip$1 & !y %\ld be plac$ 9 ! sun or be=e a fire = a few h\rs4 ,damp also causes ! b9d+s & leaves ( "s books to sep>ate4 7#b7 ,a small black insect1 "o-eigh? ( an in* long & a sixte5? ( an in* broad1 some:at resembl+ a beetle1 is v de/ructive1 & books w be f\nd1 if left unt\*$1 aft] a few mon?s to h num]\s holes 9 ! cov]s & leaves4 ,if ?is insect be all[$ pl5ty ( "t = its ravages x w make s _m holes t b9d+s orig9ally /rong c be easily torn to pieces4 ,all damage may be prev5t$ by coat+ ! cov]s ( books ) ! v>ni% describ$ "u 7#c74 ,:5 books are f\nd to conta9 ! insects !y %\ld be well wrapp$ & plac$ 9 ! sun be=e v>ni%+4 7#c7 ,! appe>ance ( a f9e b9d+ may be de/roy$ 9 a s+le night by cockroa*es4 ,! lett]+ ( ! b9d+ may1 9 two or ?ree days1 be completely oblit]at$4 ,! foll[+ v>ni%es h be5 f\nd to prev5t effectually ! ravages ( cockroa*es & ( all insects t fe$ ^u books3 ,i4--,damm> res9 #b ounces ,ma/ic #b ounces ,canada balsam #a ounce ,creosote #a_/b ounce ,_s ( w9e #bj fl4 ounces ,mac]ate ) occasional %ak+ = a few days if want$ at once1 b = a long] "t :5 possible1 z a bett] v>ni% w result aft] a mac]ation ( sev]al mon?s4 ,,ii4--,corrosive sublimate1 #a ounce2 c>bolic acid1 #a ounce2 me?ylat$ or rum _s1 #a qu>t4 ,:]e x is necess>y to keep books or pap] ( any description 9 boxes1 cupbo>ds1 or clos$ bookcases1 "s naph?al5e balls or camphor %\ld be always pres5t ) !m4 ,if camphor be us$ x is be/ to wrap x 9 pap]1 o!rwise x volatilizes m quickly ?an is necess>y4 ,9 dry wea!r ! doors ( clos$ bookcases %\ld be left op5 occasionally1 z a damp1 /ill atmosph]e is mo/ favorable = det]ioration4 ,h[ to ,op5 a ,book4--,nev] =ce ! back ( ! book4 ,hold ! book ) its back on a smoo? or cov]$ table2 let ! front bo>d d[n1 !n ! o!r1 hold+ ! leaves 9 "o h& :ile y op5 a few leaves at ! back1 !n a few at ! front1 & s on1 alt]nately op5+ back & front1 g5tly press+ op5 ! sections till y rea* ! c5t] ( ! volume4 ,d ?is two or ?ree times & y w obta9 ! be/ results4 ,op5 ! volume viol5tly or c>elessly 9 any "o place & y w probably break ! back or cause a />t 9 ! leaves4 ,,book ,,dis9fectant3 ,see ,dis9fectants4 ,,books1 ,,to ,,remove ,,f+]-,,m>ks ,,f3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,bookb9d]s' ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,bookworms3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,boot ,,dress+s3 ,see ,%oe ,dress+s4 ,,boot ,,lubricant3 ,see ,lubricant4 ,,boots1 ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,borax ,,= ,,spr9kl+4 ,i4--,spr9kl+ borax is n only *eap]1 b also dissolves less 9 sold]+ ?an pure borax4 ,! borax is heat$ 9 a metal vessel until x has lo/ its wat] ( cry/allization & mix$ ) calc9$ cook+ salt & pota%--borax1 #h p>ts2 cook+ salt1 #c p>ts2 pota%1 #c p>ts4 ,next x is p\nd$ 9 a mort> into a f9e p[d]1 con/itut+ ! spr9kl+ borax4 ,,ii4--,ano!r k9d ( spr9kl+ borax is prep>$ by sub/itut+ glass-gall = ! pota%4 ,glass-gall is ! fro? float+ on ! melt$ glass1 :i* c be skimm$ (f4 ,! borax is ei!r du/$ on 9 p[d] =m f a spr9kl+ box or /irr$ ) wat] be=e use into a ?9 pa/e4 ,,borax ,,& ,,boric ,,acid ,,9 ,,food3 ,see ,food4 ,,bordeaux ,,mixture3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,borotonic3 ,see ,d5tifrices4 #abf ,,bottle-,,cap ,,lacqu]3 ,see ,lacqu]4 ,,bottle ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods4 ,,bottle ,,/opp]s3 ,see ,/opp]s4 ,,bottle ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,bottle ,,wax3 ,see ,photography4 ,,b\illon3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,b\rbon ,,metals3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,b[ls ,,( ,,fire ,,trick3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,box ,,glue3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,braga3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,bran1 ,,sawdu/ ,,94 ,= ! detection ( sawdu/ 9 bran use a solution ( #a "p ( phlorogluc9 9 #ae p>ts ( alcohol1 #ae p>ts ( wat]1 & #aj p>ts ( syrupy phosphoric acid4 ,place #b p>ts ( ! solution 9 a small porcela9 di%1 add a knifepo9tful ( ! bran & heat mod]ately4 ,sawdu/ is dy$ r$ :ile bran p>ts only seldom acquire a fa9t r$ color4 ,by a microscopic exam9ation ( ! r$di% p>ts1 sawdu/ w be readily recogniz$4 ,bottles ,magic ,bottles4-- ,! my/]y ( ! 8wond]ful bottle10 f :i* c be p\r$ 9 succession port w9e1 %]ry1 cl>et1 wat]1 *ampagne1 or ink1 at ! w ( ! op]ator1 is easily expla9$4 ,! mat]ials consi/ ( an ord9>y d>k-color$ p9t w9e bottle1 sev5 w9e glasses ( diff]5t patt]ns1 & ! *emicals describ$ bel[3 ,solution ,a3 ,a mixture ( t9cture ( f]ric *loride1 dra*ms vi2 hydro*loric acid1 dra*ms ii4 ,solution ,b3 ,saturat$ solution ( ammonium sulphocyanide1 dra*m i4 ,solution ,c3 ,/rong solution ( f]ric *loride1 dra*m i4 ,solution ,d3 ,a weak solution ( ammonium sulphocyanide4 ,solution ,e3 ,conc5trat$ solution ( lead acetate4 ,solution ,f3 ,solution ( ammonium sulphide1 dra*m i2 or pyrogallic acid1 dra*m i4 ,package ,g3 ,pulv]iz$ potassium bic>bonate1 dra*m iss4 ,hav+ p\r$ two teaspoonfuls ( solution ,a into ! w9e bottle1 treat ! w9e glasses ) ! diff]5t solutions1 not+ & rememb]+ into :i* glasses ! sev]al solutions are plac$4 ,into ,no4 #a w9e glass p\r "o or two drops ( solution ,b2 into ,no4 #b glass p\r "o or two drops ( solution ,c2 into ,no4 #c "o or two drops ( ,solution ,d2 leave ,no4 #d glass empty2 into ,no4 #e glass p\r a few drops ( ,solution ,e2 into ,no4 #f glass place a few gra9s ( ,package ,g2 into ,no4 #g glass p\r a little ( solution ,f4 ,reque/ "s "o to br+ y "s cold dr9k+ wat]1 & to gu>antee t x is pure %[ t y\r w9e bottle is 7practically7 empty4 ,fill x up f ! c>afe1 & hav+ ask$ ! audi5ce :e!r y %all produce w9e or wat]1 milk or ink1 etc41 y may obta9 any ( ^! by p\r+ a little ( ! wat] f ! bottle into ! prep>$ glass4 ,?us ,no4 #a glass gives a port-w9e color2 ,no4 #b gives a %]ry color2 ,no4 #c gives a cl>et color2 ,no4 #d is left empty to prove t ! solution 9 ! bottle is colorless2 ,no4 #e produces milk2 ,no4 #f1 eff]vesc+ *ampagne2 ,no4 #g1 ink4 ,bottle-,capp+ ,mixtures4-- ,i4--,soak #g p\nds ( good gelat9 9 #aj ounces ( glyc]9e & #fj ounces ( wat]1 & heat ov] a wat] ba? until dissolv$1 & add any desir$ color4 ,pigm5ts may be us$1 & v>i\s t9ts c be obta9$ by ! use ( anil9e colors4 ,! result+ comp\nd %\ld be /or$ 9 j>s4 ,to apply liquefy ! mass & dip ! cork & portion ( ! neck ( ! bottle into ! liquid2 x sets v quickly4 ,,ii4--,gelat9 #a ounce ,gum arabic #a ounce ,boric acid #bj gra9s ,/>* #a ounce ,wat] #af fluid\nces ,mix ! gelat91 gum arabic1 & boric acid ) #ad fluid\nces ( cold wat]1 /ir occasionally until ! gum is dissolv$1 heat ! mixture to boil+1 remove ! scum1 & /ra94 ,also mix ! />* intimately ) ! rema9d] ( ! wat]1 & /ir ?is mixture into ! hot gelat9 mixture until a uni=m product results4 ,z not$ above1 ! composition may be t9t$ ) any suitable dye4 ,be=e us+1 x mu/ be s(t5$ by ! application ( heat4 #abg ,,iii4--,%ellac #c ounces ,v5ice turp5t9e #a #a_/b ounces ,boric acid #gb gra9s ,p[d]$ talcum #c ounces ,e!r #f fluidrams ,alcohol #ab #a_/b fluid\nces ,dissolve ! %ellac1 turp5t9e1 & boric acid 9 ! mix$ alcohol & e!r1 color ) a _s-soluble dye1 & add ! talcum4 ,dur+ use ! mixture mu/ be agitat$ frequ5tly4 ,%[ ,bottles4-- ,i4--,place 9 a cyl9drical bottle ! foll[+ liquids 9 ! ord] nam$3 ,fir/1 sulphuric acid1 t9t$ blue ) indigo2 second1 *lor(orm2 ?ird1 glyc]9e1 slightly t9t$ ) c>amel2 f\r?1 ca/or oil1 color$ ) alkanet root2 fif?1 #dj-p]-c5t alcohol1 slightly t9t$ ) anil9e gre52 six?1 cod-liv] oil1 conta9+ #a p] c5t ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,! liquids are held 9 place by =ce ( gravity1 & alt]nate ) fluids :i* are n miscible1 s t ! /rata ( lay]s are cle>ly def9$ & d n m+le by diffusion4 ,,ii4--,*romic acid #a dra*m ,comm]cial 8muriatic0 acid #b ounces ,nitric acid #b ounces ,wat]1 en\gh to make #c gallons ,! color is mag5ta4 ,! foll[+ makes a f9e p9k = %[ c>boys3 ,,iii4--,cobalt oxide #b p>ts ,nitric acid1 c4 p4 #a "p ,hydro*loric acid #a "p ,mix & dissolve1 & to ! solution add3 ,/ronge/ wat] ( ammonia #f p>ts ,sulphuric acid #a "p ,wat]1 di/ill$1 q4 s4 to make #djj p>ts ,?is %\ld be left /&+ 9 a d>k1 cool place = at lea/ a mon? be=e putt+ 9 ! w9d[4 ,,iv4--,gre54--,copp] sulphate1 #cjj p>ts1 by weight2 hydro*loric acid1 #dej p>ts1 by weight2 di/ill$ wat]1 to #d1ejj p>ts1 by weight4 ,v4--,blue4--,copp] sulphate1 #dhj p>ts1 by weight2 sulphuric acid1 #fj p>ts1 by weight2 di/ill$ wat]1 to #dej p>ts1 by weight4 ,,vi4--,yell[i% ,br[n4--,potassium di*romate1 #abj p>ts1 by weight2 nitric acid1 #aej p>ts1 by weight2 di/ill$ wat]1 to #d1ejj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,vii4--,yell[4--,potassium di*romate1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 sodium bic>bonate1 #bbe p>ts1 by weight2 di/ill$ wat]1 to #d1ejj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,viii4--,r$4--,liquid f]ric *loride1 (fic9al1 #fj p>ts1 by weight2 conc5trat$ ammonium-acetate solution1 #abj p>ts1 by weight2 acetic acid1 #cj p] c5t1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 di/ill$ wat]1 to #i1jjj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,ix4--,crimson4--,potassium iodide1 #g4e p>ts1 by weight2 iod9e1 #g4e p>ts1 by weight2 hydro*loric acid1 #fj p>ts1 by weight2 di/ill$ wat]1 to #d1ejj p>ts1 by weight4 ,all ! solutions ,,iv to ,,ix %\ld be filt]$4 ,if di/ill$ wat] be us$ ^! solutions %\ld keep = five to t5 ye>s4 ,9 ord] to prev5t !m f freez+1 ei!r add #aj p] c5t ( alcohol1 or r$uce ! quantity ( wat] by #aj p] c5t4 ,a ,*eap & ,excell5t ,w>m+ ,bottle4--,mix sodium acetate & sodium hyposulphate 9 ! proportion ( #a "p ( ! =m] to #i p>ts ( ! latt]1 & ) ! mixture fill an e>!nw>e bottle ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s full4 ,close ! vessel well ) a cork & place x ei!r 9 hot wat] or 9 ! ov51 & let rema9 until ! salts )9 melt4 ,= at lea/ a half day ! jug w radiate its heat1 & ne$ only be well %ak5 f "t to "t to r5ew its heat-giv+ en]gy4 ,bottle ,deodoriz]4--,p[d]$ black mu/>d se$ is successfully employ$4 ,p\r a little ( x ) "s lukew>m wat] into ! receptacle1 r9s+ x aft]w>ds ) wat]4 ,if necess>y1 repeat ! process4 ,,br&y ,,& ,,br&y ,,bitt]s ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,brass ,=mulas = ! mak+ ( ,brass w be f\nd "u ,alloys4 ,colors = ,poli%$ ,brass4--,! brass objects are put into boil+ solutions compos$ ( diff]5t salts1 & ! int5sity ( ! %ade obta9$ is dep5d5t ^u ! duration ( ! imm]sion4 ,) a solution compos$ ( ,sulphate ( copp] #abj gra9s ,hydro*lorate ( ammonia #cj gra9s ,wat] #a qu>t gre5i% %ades are obta9$4 ,) ! foll[+ solution all ! %ades ( br[n f orange br[n to c9namon are obta9$3 #abh ,*lorate ( pota% #aej gra9s ,sulphate ( copp] #aej gra9s ,wat] #a qu>t ,! foll[+ solution gives ! brass fir/ a rosy t9t & !n colors x violet & blue3 ,sulphate ( copp] #dce gra9s ,hyposulphite ( soda #cjj gra9s ,cream ( t>t> #aej gra9s ,wat] #a p9t ,^u add+ to ! la/ solution ,ammoniacal sulphate ( iron #cjj gra9s ,hyposulphite ( soda #cjj gra9s !re are obta9$1 accord+ to ! duration ( ! imm]sion1 yell[i%1 orange1 rosy1 !n blui% %ades4 ,^u pol>iz+ ! ebullition ! blue t9t gives way to yell[1 & f9ally to a pretty gray4 ,silv]1 "u ! same circum/ances1 becomes v beautifully color$4 ,aft] a long ebullition 9 ! foll[+ solution we obta9 a yell[-br[n %ade1 & !n a rem>kable fire r$3 ,*lorate ( pota% #ge gra9s ,c>bonate ( nickel #cj gra9s ,salt ( nickel #ge gra9s ,wat] #af ounces ,! foll[+ solution gives a beautiful1 d>k-br[n color3 ,*lorate ( pota% #ge gra9s ,salt ( nickel #aej gra9s ,wat] #aj ounces ,! foll[+ gives1 9 ! fir/ place1 a r$1 :i* passes to blue1 !n to pale lilac1 & f9ally to :ite3 ,orpim5t #ge gra9s ,cry/alliz$ sal sod #aej gra9s ,wat] #aj ounces ,! foll[+ gives a yell[ br[n3 ,salt ( nickel #ge gra9s ,sulphate ( copp] #ge gra9s ,*lorate ( pota% #ge gra9s ,wat] #aj ounces ,on mix+ ! foll[+ solutions1 sulphur sep>ates & ! brass becomes cov]$ ) iridesc5t cry/allizations3 ,i4--,cream ( t>t> #ge gra9s ,sulphate ( copp] #ge gra9s ,wat] #aj ounces ,,ii4--,hyposulphite ( soda #bbe gra9s ,wat] #e ounces ,^u leav+ ! brass objects imm]s$ 9 ! foll[+ mixture conta9$ 9 cork$ vessels !y at l5g? acquire a v beautiful blue color3 ,hep> ( sulphur #ae gra9s ,ammonia #ge gra9s ,wat] #d ounces ,miscellane\s ,color+ ( ,brass4--,yell[ to bright r$3 ,dissolve #b p>ts native copp] c>bonate ) #a "p cau/ic soda 9 #aj p>ts wat]4 ,dip = a few m9utes into ! liquor1 ! v>i\s %ades desir$ be+ obta9$ accord+ to ! l5g? ( "t ( ! imm]sion4 ,gre53 ,dissolve #a "p copp] acetate 7v]digris71 #a "p blue vitriol1 & #a "p alum 9 #aj p>ts ( wat] & boil ! articles !re94 ,black3 ,= optical articles1 photographic app>atus1 plates1 r+s1 screws1 etc41 dissolve #de p>ts ( mala*ite 7native copp] c>bonate7 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( sal ammoniac4 ,= use clean & remove ! grease f ! article by pickl+ & dip x into ! ba? until ! coat+ is /rong en\gh4 ,! ba? op]ates bett] & quick] if heat$4 ,%\ld ! oxidation be a failure x %\ld be remov$ by dipp+ into ! brass pickle4 ,a v]digris color on brass is produc$ by treat+ ! articles ) dilute acids1 acetic acid1 or sulphuric acid1 & dry+4 ,br[n 9 all v>ieties ( %ades is obta9$ by imm]s+ ! metal 9 solutions ( nitrates or f]ric *loride aft] x has be5 corrod$ ) dilute nitric acid1 clean$ ) s& & wat]1 & dri$4 ,! /r5g? ( ! solutions gov]ns ! deepness ( ! result+ color4 ,violet is caus$ by imm]s+ ! ?or\ghly clean$ objects 9 a solution ( ammonium *loride4 ,*ocolate color results if r$ f]ric oxide is /rewn on & burn$ (f1 foll[$ by poli%+ ) a small quantity ( gal5a4 ,olive gre5 is produc$ by black5+ ! surface ) a solution ( iron 9 hydro*loric acid1 poli%+ ) gal5a1 & coat+ hot ) a lacqu] compos$ ( #a "p v>ni%1 #d p>ts c9cuma1 & #a "p gamboge4 ,a /eel-blue color+ is obta9$ by means ( a dilute boil+ solution ( *loride ( ars5ic1 & a blue "o by a treatm5t ) /rong hyposulphite ( soda4 ,ano!r =mula = blu+ brass is3 ,dissolve #aj p>ts ( antimony *loride 9 #bjj p>ts ( wat]1 & add #cj p>ts ( pure hydro*loric acid4 ,dip ! article until x is well blu$1 !n wa% & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,black is mu* us$ = optical brass articles & is produc$ by coat+ ) a solution ( plat9um or auric *loride mix$ ) nitrate ( t94 ,color+ ,unpoli%$ ,brass4--,a yell[ color ( h&some effect is obta9$ on #abi unpoli%$ brass by means ( antimony-*loride solution4 ,?is is produc$ by f9ely p[d]+ gray antimony & boil+ x ) hydro*loric acid4 ,) =mation ( hydrog5 sulphide a solution ( antimony results1 :i* mu/ n be dilut$ ) wat]1 s9ce a :ite precipitate ( antimony oxy*loride is imm$iately =m$ ^u admixture ( wat]4 ,= dilution1 completely saturat$ cook+-salt solution is employ$1 us+ = #a "p ( antimony *loride #b p>ts ( salt solution4 ,color+ ,fluid = ,brass4--,cau/ic soda1 #cc p>ts2 wat]1 #bd p>ts2 hydrat$ c>bonate ( copp]1 #e4e p>ts4 ,dissolve ! salt 9 wat] & dip ! metal 9 ! solution obta9$4 ,! int5sity ( ! color w be proportional to ! "t ( imm]sion4 ,aft] remov+ ! object f ! liquid1 r9se ) wat] & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,black ,color on ,brass4--,a black or oxidiz$ surface on brass is produc$ by a solution ( c>bonate ( copp] 9 ammonia4 ,! "w is imm]s$ & all[$ to rema9 until ! requir$ t9t is obs]v$4 ,! c>bonate ( copp] is be/ us$ 9 a pla/ic condition1 z x is !n mu* m easily dissolv$4 ,pla/ic c>bonate ( copp] may be mix$ z foll[s3 ,make a solution ( blue vitriol 7sulphate ( copp]7 9 hot wat]1 & add a /rong solution ( common wa%+ soda to x z long z any precipitate =ms4 ,! precipitate is all[$ to settle1 & ! cle> liquid is p\r$ (f4 ,hot wat] is add$1 & ! mass /irr$ & aga9 all[$ to settle4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ six or eight times to remove ! impurities4 ,aft] ! wat] has be5 remov$ dur+ ! la/ p\r+1 & no?+ is left b an emulsion ( ! ?ick pla/ic c>bonate 9 a small quantity ( wat]1 liquid ammonia is add$ until ev]y?+ is dissolv$ & a cle>1 deep-blue liquid is produc$4 ,if too /rong1 wat] may be add$1 b a /rong solution is bett] ?an a weak "o4 ,if x is desir$ to make ! solution f comm]cial pla/ic c>bonate ( copp] ! foll[+ directions may be foll[$3 ,dissolve #a p\nd ( ! pla/ic c>bonate ( copp] 9 #b gallons ( /rong ammonia4 ,?is gives ! requir$ /r5g? ( solution4 ,! brass :i* x is desir$ to black5 is fir/ boil$ 9 a /rong pota% solution to remove grease & oil1 !n well r9s$ & dipp$ 9 ! copp] solution1 :i* has previ\sly be5 heat$ to f #aej to #age ,f4 ,?is solution1 if heat$ too hot1 gives (f all ! ammonia4 ,! brass is left 9 ! solution until ! requir$ t9t is produc$4 ,! color produc$ is uni=m1 black1 & t5aci\s4 ,! brass is r9s$ & dri$ 9 sawdu/4 ,a great v>iety ( effects may be produc$ by fir/ f9i%+ ! brass be=e black5+1 z ! oxidiz+ process does n injure ! texture ( ! metal4 ,a satisfactory f9i% is produc$ by fir/ r5d]+ ! surface ( ! brass matt1 ei!r by scrat*-bru% or simil> me?ods1 z ! black f9i% ?us produc$ by ! copp] solution is dead--"o ( ! mo/ pleas+ effects ( an oxidiz$ surface4 ,v>i\s effects may also be produc$ by color+ ! entire article & !n buff+ ! expos$ portions4 ,! be/ results 9 ! use ( ?is solution are obta9$ by ! use ( ! s-call$ r$ metals--i4 e41 ^? 9 :i* ! copp] pr$om9ates4 ,! reason = ?is is obvi\s4 ,ord9>y %eet brass consi/s ( ab\t #b p>ts ( copp] & #a "p ( z9c1 s t ! l>ge quantity ( ! latt] some:at h9d]s ! production ( a deep-black surface4 ,yell[ brass is color$ black by ! solution1 b x is well to use "s metal hav+ a r$di% t9t1 indicat+ ! pres5ce ( a l>ge am\nt ( copp]4 ,! v>ieties ( %eet brass kn[n z gild+ or bronze "w well4 ,copp] also gives excell5t results4 ,:]e ! be/ results are desir$ on yell[ brass a v light electroplate ( copp] be=e ! oxidiz+ works well & gives an excell5t black4 ,) ! usual articles made ( yell[ brass ?is is r>ely done1 b ! oxidation c>ri$ out directly4 ,black ,f9i% = ,brass4--,i4--,a h&some black f9i% may be put on brass by ! foll[+ process3 ,dissolve 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( ammonia wat] #de p>ts ( natural mala*ite1 & 9 ! solution put ! object to be black5$1 aft] fir/ hav+ c>efully & ?or\ghly clean$ ! same4 ,aft] lett+ x /& a %ort "t gradually w>m ! mixture1 exam9+ ! article f "t to "t to asc]ta9 if ! color is deep en\gh4 ,r9se & let dry4 ,,ii4--,! black+ ( brass may be accompli%$ by imm]s+ x 9 ! foll[+ solution & !n heat+ ov] a ,buns5 burn] or a _s flame3 ,add a saturat$ solution ( ammonium c>bonate to a saturat$ copp]-sulphate solution1 until ! precipitate result+ 9 ! beg9n+ has almo/ entirely dissolv$4 ,! imm]sion & heat+ are repeat$ until ! brass turns d>k2 !n x is bru%$ & dipp$ 9 negative v>ni% or dull v>ni%4 #acj ,to ,give a ,br[n ,color to ,brass4--,i4--,9 #a1jjj p>ts ( ra9 or di/ill$ wat] dissolve #e p>ts ea* ( v]digris 7copp] acetate7 & ammonium *loride4 ,let ! solution /& #d h\rs1 !n add #a1ejj p>ts ( wat]4 ,remove ! brass to be br[n$ f its atta*m5t to ! fixtures & make ! surface p]fectly bright & smoo? & free f grease4 ,place x ov] a *>coal fire & heat until x 8sizzes0 :5 t\*$ ) ! damp5$ f+]4 ,! solution is !n pa9t$ ov] ! surface ) a bru% or swabb$ on ) a rag4 ,if "o swabb+ does n produce a suffici5t dep? ( color1 repeat ! heat+ & ! application ( ! liquid until a f9e durable br[n is produc$4 ,= door plates1 knobs1 & ornam5tal fixtures g5]ally1 ?is is "o ( ! h&some/ z well z ! mo/ durable surfaces1 & is easily appli$4 ,,ii4--,a v h&some br[n may be produc$ on brass ca/+s by imm]s+ ! ?or\ghly clean$ & dri$ articles 9 a w>m solution ( #ae p>ts ( sodium hydrate & #e p>ts ( cupric c>bonate 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,! metal turns d>k yell[1 light br[n1 & f9ally d>k br[n1 ) a gre5i% %imm]1 &1 :5 ! desir$ %ade is rea*$1 is tak5 out ( ! ba?1 r9s$1 & dri$4 ,,iii4--,pa9t ! clean$ & dri$ surface uni=mly ) a dilute solution ( ammonium sulphide4 ,:5 ?is coat+ is dry1 x is rubb$ ov]1 & !n pa9t$ ) a dilute ammoniacal solution ( ars5ic sulphide1 until ! requir$ dep? ( color is atta9$4 ,if ! results are n satisfactory ! pa9t+ c be repeat$ aft] wa%+ ov] ) ammonia4 ,prolong$ imm]sion 9 ! second solution produces a grayi%-gre5 film1 :i* looks well1 & acquires lu/] :5 poli%$ ) a clo?4 ,ref9i%+ ,gas ,fixtures4--,gas fixtures :i* h become dirty or t>ni%$ f use may be improv$ 9 appe>ance by pa9t+ ) bronze pa9t & !n1 if a /ill bett] f9i% is requir$1 v>ni%+ aft] ! pa9t is ?or\ghly dry ) "s light-color$ v>ni% t w give a h>d & brilliant coat+4 ,if ! bronze pa9t is made up ) ord9>y v>ni% x is liable to become discolor$ f acid :i* may be pres5t 9 ! v>ni%4 ,"o me?od propos$ = obviat+ ?is is to mix ! v>ni% ) ab\t five times its volume ( _s ( turp5t9e1 add to ! mixture dri$ slak$ lime 9 ! proportion ( ab\t #dj gra9s to ! p9t1 agitate well1 repeat+ ! agitation sev]al times1 & f9ally all[+ ! susp5d$ matt] to settle & decant+ ! cle> liquid4 ,! object ( ?is is to neutralize any acid :i* may be pres5t4 ,to det]m9e h[ effectively ?is has be5 done ! v>ni% may be *emically te/$4 ,/eel ,blue & ,old ,silv] on ,brass4--,= ! =m] dissolve #ajj p>ts ( c>bonic c>bonate 9 #gej p>ts ( ammonia & dilute ?is solution ) di/ill$ wat]1 :]eupon ! clean$ articles are dipp$ into ! liquid by means ( a brass wire4 ,aft] two to ?ree m9utes take !m out1 r9se 9 clean wat]1 & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,old silv] on brass is produc$ z foll[s3 ,! articles are fir/ silv]$ & next pa9t$ ) a ?9 pa/e consi/+ ( graphite1 #f p>ts2 pulv]iz$ hematite1 #a "p2 & turp5t9e4 ,use a s(t bru% & dry well2 !n bru% (f ! p[d]4 ,oxidiz$ silv] is obta9$ by dipp+ ! silv]$ goods into a heat$ solution ( liv] ( sulphur1 #e p>ts2 ammonia c>bonate1 #aj p>ts2 & wat]1 #aj1jjj p>ts4 ,only sub/antially silv]$ objects are suit$ = oxidation1 z a weak silv]+ is tak5 (f by ?is solution4 ,unsatisfactory color+ is remov$ ) potassium-cyanide solution4 ,x is advisable to lay ! articles 9 hydrog5 sulphide-ammonia solution dilut$ ) wat]1:]e9 !y acquire a blue to a deep-black %ade4 ,tombac ,color on ,brass4--,?is is produc$ by imm]sion 9 a mixture ( copp] c>bonate1 #aj p>ts2 cau/ic soda1 #cj p>ts2 wat]1 #bjj p>ts4 ,?is lay] w only endure wip+ ) a clo?1 n vigor\s sc\r+ ) s&4 ,gra9+ ( ,brass4--,brass p>ts ( timepieces are frequ5tly provid$ ) a dead gra9$ surface4 ,= ?is purpose !y are fa/5$ ) flat-head$ p9s on cork disks & bru%$ ) a pa/e ( wat] & f9e/ p[d]$ pumice /one4 ,next !y are ?or\ghly wa%$ & plac$ 9 a solution ( #aj qu>ts ( wat]1 #cj gra9s ( m]curic nitrate1 & #fj gra9s ( sulphuric acid4 ,9 ?is amalgamat+ solution ! objects become at once cov]$ ) a lay] ( m]cury1 :i* =ms an amalgam ) ! copp]1 :ile ! z9c passes into solution4 ,aft] ! articles h aga9 be5 wa%$ !y are treat$ ) gra9+ p[d]1 :i* consi/s ( silv] p[d]1 t>t>1 & cook+ salt4 ,^! sub/ances mu/ be pure1 dry1 & v f9ely pulv]iz$4 ,! mix+ is done ) mod]ate heat4 ,accord+ #aca to :e!r a co>s] or f9] gra9 is desir$1 m cook+ salt or m t>t> mu/ be conta9$ 9 ! p[d]4 ,! ord9>y proportions are3 ,silv] p[d] #bh #bh #bh p>ts ,t>t> #bhc #aaj-adj #he p>ts ,cook+ salt #ijj #cgj #ijj p>ts ,?is p[d] is moi/5$ ) wat] & appli$ to ! object4 ,place ! article ) ! cork support 9 a flat di% & rub on ! pa/e ) a /iff bru% :ile turn+ ! di% incessantly4 ,gradually fre% portions ( gra9+ p[d] are put on until ! desir$ gra9 is obta9$4 ,^! turn out ! r\nd] ! m ! di% & bru% are turn$4 ,:5 ! "r gra9 is atta9$1 r9se (f ) wat]1 & treat ! object ) a scrat* bru%1 ) employm5t ( a decoction ( sapon>ia4 ,! bru%es mu/ be mov$ ar\nd 9 a circle 9 bru%+ ) ! pumice /one1 z well z 9 rubb+ on ! gra9+ p[d] & 9 us+ ! scrat* bru%4 ,! requir$ silv] p[d] is produc$ by precipitat+ a dilut$ solution ( silv] nitrate ) "s /rips ( %eet copp]4 ,! precipitat$ silv] p[d] is wa%$ out on a pap] filt] & dri$ at mod]ate heat4 ,! ,dead1 or ,matt1 ,dip = ,brass4--,! dead dip is us$ to imp>t a sat9y or cry/all9e f9i% to ! surface4 ,! bright dip gives a smoo?1 %9y1 & p]fectly ev5 surface1 b ! dead dip is ! mo/ pleas+ ( any dip f9i%1 & c be us$ z a base = _m second>y f9i%es4 ,! dead dip is a mixture ( oil ( vitriol 7sulphuric acid7 & aqua =tis 7nitric acid7 9 :i* !re is en\gh sulphate ( z9c 7:ite vitriol7 to saturate ! solution4 ,x is 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sulphate ( z9c t ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! bright & ! dead dip exi/s4 ,)\t x ! dead or matt surface _c be obta9$4 ,! me?od g5]ally practic$ is to add ! sulphate ( z9c to ! mix$ acids 7sulphuric & nitric71 s t "s rema9s undissolv$ 9 ! bottom ( ! vessel4 ,x is f\nd t ! sulphate ( z9c occurs 9 small cry/als hav+ ! appe>ance ( v co>se granulat$ sug>4 ,^! cry/als readily settle to ! bottom ( ! vessel & d n d ! "w ( matt+ prop]ly4 ,if !y are f9ely pulv]iz$ ! dip is slightly improv$1 b x is impossible to pulv]ize su* mat]ial to a f95ess t w d ! desir$ "w4 ,! use ( sulphate ( z9c1 !n1 leaves mu* to be desir$4 ,! mo/ mod]n me?od ( mak+ up ! dead dip is to produce ! sulphate ( z9c directly 9 ! solution & 9 ! precipitat$ =m4 ,x is well kn[n t ! mo/ f9ely divid$ mat]ials are ^? :i* are produc$ by precipitation1 & 9 ! dead dip x is v important t ! sulphate ( z9c %all be f9ely divid$ s t x w n imm$iately settle to ! bottom4 ,!re=e x %\ld be precipitat$ s t :5 x is mix$ ) ! acids x w n settle imm$iately4 ,! me?od ( mak+ ! sulphate ( z9c directly 9 ! solution is z foll[s3 ,take #a gallon ( yell[ aqua =tis 7#ch ,f47 & place 9 a /one crock :i* is surr\nd$ ) cold wat]4 ,! cold wat] is to keep ! heat1 =m$ by ! reaction1 f evaporat+ ! acid4 ,add metallic z9c 9 small pieces until ! acid w dissolve no m4 ,! z9c may be 9 any conv5i5t =m--%eet clipp+s1 lumps1 granulat$1 etc41 t may be add$ little by little4 ,if all is add$ at once x w boil ov]4 ,:5 ! acid w dissolve no m z9c x w be f\nd t "s ( ! acid has evaporat$ by ! heat1 & x w be necess>y to add en\gh fre% acid to make up to ! orig9al gallon4 ,:5 ?is is done add #a gallon ( /rong oil ( vitriol4 ,! mixture %\ld be /irr$ ) a wood5 paddle :ile ! oil ( vitriol is be+ add$4 ,z ! sulphuric acid is be+ add$ ! solution beg9s to gr[ milky1 & f9ally ! :ole has ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream4 ,?is is caus$ by ! sulphuric acid 7oil ( vitriol7 precipitat+ out ! sulphate ( z9c4 ,?us ! v f9ely divid$ precipitate ( sulphate ( z9c is =m$4 ,if "o desires to use kn[n quantities ( acid & z9c ! foll[+ am\nts may be tak53 ,oil ( vitriol1 #a gallon2 aqua =tis 7#ch ,f471 #a gallon2 metallic z9c1 #f ounces4 ,9 dissolv+ ! z9c 9 ! aqua =tis x is necess>y to be sure t none rema9s undissolv$ 9 ! bottom4 ,! dead or matt dip is us$ hot1 &1 !re=e1 is kept 9 a /one crock surr\nd$ ) hot wat]4 ,! articles to be matt$ are poli%$ & clean$1 & ! dip ?or\ghly /irr$ ) a wood5 paddle1 s z to br+ up ! sulphate ( z9c :i* has settl$4 ,dip ! "w 9 ! solution & all[ x to rema9 until ! matt is obta9$4 ,?is is a po9t :i* c be le>n$ only by exp]i5ce4 ,:5 ! brass article is fir/ introduc$ !re is a rapid action on ! surface1 b 9 a few seconds ?is sl[s d[n4 ,remove ! article & r9se & imm$iately dip into ! usual bright dip4 ,?is #acb is necess>y = ! reason t ! dead dip produces a d>k coat+ ^u ! surface1 :i*1 7 x left on1 w\ld n %[ ! real effect or ! color ( ! metal4 ,! bright dip1 h[ev]1 removes ?is & exposes ! true dead surface4 ,! usual rule = mak+ up ! dead dip is to use equal p>ts ( oil ( vitriol & aqua =tis2 b ^! may be alt]$ to suit ! case4 ,m oil ( vitriol gives a f9] matt1 :ile a l>g] quantity ( aqua =tis w give a co>s] matt4 ,:5 ! dip becomes old x is unnecess>y to add m z9c1 z a little goes into ! solution ea* "t any?+ is dipp$4 ,aft] a :ile1 h[ev]1 ! solution becomes load$ ) copp] salts1 & %\ld be ?r[n away4 ,a new dip does n "w well1 & w n give good results :5 us$ at once4 ,x is usual to all[ x to rema9 ov] night1 :5 x w be f\nd to be 9 a bett] work+ condition 9 ! morn+4 ,a new dip w frequ5tly refuse to "w1 & ! addition ( a little wat] w (t5 />t x4 ,! wat] mu/ be us$ sp>+ly1 h[ev]1 & only :5 necess>y4 ,wat]1 z a usual ?+1 spoils a dead dip1 & mu/ be avoid$4 ,aft] a :ile x may be necess>y to add a little m aqua =tis1 & ?is may be introduc$ z desir$4 ,mu* c>e is ne$$ 9 work+ ! dead dip1 & x requires con/ant wat*+ & exp]i5ce4 ,! *ief difficulty 9 work+ ! dead dip is to mat* a giv5 article4 ,! only way t x c be done is to 8cut & try10 & add aqua =tis or oil ( vitriol z ! case requires4 ,! dead or matt dip c be obta9$ only ^u brass or ,g]man silv]2 9 o!r words1 only on alloys :i* conta9 z9c4 ,! be/ results are obta9$ ^u yell[ brass high 9 z9c4 ,to ,improve ,dead5$ ,brass ,p>ts4--,clock p>ts matt$ ) oil/one & oil1 su* z ! h\r :eels1 m9ute :eels1 etc41 obta91 by m]e gr9d+1 a some:at dull appe>ance1 ) a s5sitive surface :i* readily takes spots4 ,?is may be improv$ by prep>+ ! foll[+ p[d]1 rubb+ a little ( x on a buff /ick1 & treat+ ! dead5$ p>ts1 :i* h be5 cleans$ ) b5z9e1 by rubb+ ) slight pressure on cork4 ,?is imp>ts to ! articles a h&some1 p]man5t1 metallic matt lu/]4 ,! smoo?+ p[d] consi/s ( #b p>ts ( jewel]s' r$ & #h p>ts ( lime c>bonate1 levigat$ 9 wat]1 & well dri$4 ,jewel]s' r$ alone may be employ$1 b ?is requires "s practice & c>e1 especially 9 ! treatm5t ( :eels1 because rays are liable to =m f ! tee? t[>d ! c5t]4 ,pickle = ,brass4--,/ir #aj p>ts 7by weight7 ( %9+ soot or snuff1 #aj p>ts ( cook+ salt1 & #aj p>ts ( r$ t>t> ) #bej p>ts ( nitric acid1 & aft]w>ds add #bej p>ts ( sulphuric acid2 or else mix #g p>ts ( aqua =tis 7nitric acid7 ) #aj p>ts ( ,engli% sulphuric acid4 ,= ! mix+ ratio ( ! acid1 ! k9d & alloy ( ! metal %\ld be ! guidance1 & x is be/ f\nd out by practical trials4 ,! bett] ! alloy & ! less ! p]c5tage ( z9c or lead1 ! h&som] w be ! color4 ,g5u9e bronze1 = in/ance1 acquires a gold5 %ade4 ,9 ord] to give brass ! appe>ance ( h&some gild+ x is (t5 coat$ ) gold v>ni% by apply+ same ?9ly ) a bru% or sponge & imm$iately heat+ ! metal ov] a coal fire4 ,pickl+ ,brass to ,look ,l ,gold4--,to pickle brass s z to make x resemble gold all[ a mixture ( #f p>ts ( *emically pure nitric acid & #a "p ( ,engli% sulphuric acid to act = "s h\rs ^u ! surface ( ! brass2 !n wa% ) a w>m solution1 #bj p>ts ( t>t> 9 #ej p>ts ( wat]1 & rub (f neatly ) dry sawdu/4 ,!n coat ! article ) ! prop] v>ni%4 ,pickle = ,dipp+ ,brass4--,to improve ! appe>ance ( brass1 tombac1 & copp] goods1 !y are usually dipp$4 ,= ?is purpose !y are fir/ imm]s$ 9 dilut$ oil ( vitriol 7br[n sulphuric acid71 proportion1 #a to #aj2 next 9 a mixture ( #aj p>ts ( r$ t>t>2 #aj p>ts ( cook+ salt2 #bej p>ts ( ,engli% sulphuric acid1 z well z #bej p>ts ( aqua =tis 7only = a mom5t71 r9s+ (f well 9 wat] & dry+ 9 sawdu/4 ,= obta9+ a h&some matt gold color #a_/bj "p ( z9c vitriol 7z9c sulphate7 is /ill add$ to ! pickle4 ,re/oration ( ,brass ,articles4--,! brass articles are fir/ fre$ f adh]+ dirt by ! use ( hot soda lye2 if bronz$ !y are dipp$ 9 a highly dilute solution ( sulphuric acid & r9s$ 9 clean wat]4 ,next !y are yell[$ 9 a mixture ( nitric acid1 #ge p>ts2 sulphuric acid1 #ajj p>ts2 %9+ lampblack1 #b p>ts2 cook+ salt1 #a "p2 !n r9s$ & poli%$ &1 to prev5t oxidation1 coat$ ) a colorless _s v>ni%1 a celluloid v>ni% be+ be/ = ?is purpose4 ,temp]+ ,brass4--,if hamm]$ too brittle brass c be temp]$ & made #acc ( a m ev5 h>dness ?r\gh\t by w>m+ x1 z 9 temp]+ /eel2 b ! heat mu/ n be ne>ly s great4 ,brass1 heat$ to ! blue heat ( /eel1 is almo/ s(t aga94 ,to s(t5 brass1 heat x ne>ly to a dull r$ & all[ x to cool1 or1 if "t is an object1 x may be cool$ by plung+ into wat]4 ,draw+ ,temp] f ,brass4--,brass is r5d]$ h>d by hamm]+ or roll+1 !re=e :5 a brass object requires to be temp]$ ! mat]ial mu/ be prep>$ be=e ! article is %ap$4 ,temp] may be drawn f brass by heat+ x to a *]ry r$ & !n simply plung+ x into wat]1 ! same z ?\gh /eel 7 to be temp]$4 ,,brass1 ,,fa/5+ ,,porcela9 ,,to3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,brass ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,brass ,,sold]s3 ,see ,sold]s4 ,,brass ,,bronz+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,brass ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,brass ,,plat9iz+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,brass1 ,,s& ,,holes ,,93 ,see ,ca/+s4 ,,brass+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,bread1 ,,dog3 ,see ,dog ,biscuit4 ,,brea? ,,p]fumes3 ,see also ,d5tifrices4 ,rem$ies = ,fetid ,brea?4--,fetid brea? may be due to ! expell$ air 7i4 e41 to disease ( ! respirational tract71 to gases ?r[n (f f ! dige/ive tract1 or to a diseas$ m\?4 ,9 ! fir/ two cases m$ication mu/ be direct$ to ! causative diseases1 ) ! la/1 antisepsis pr9cipally & ! neutralization ( ! saliva1 also ! removal ( all residual food ( d5tal c>ies4 ,i4--,potassium p]manganate #a "p ,di/ill$ wat] #aj p>ts ,mix & dissolve4 ,add f #e to #h drops ( ?is solution to a glass ( wat] & ) x g>gle ! m\?4 ,,ii4--,infusion ( salvia #bej p>ts ,glyc]9e #cj p>ts ,t9cture ( myrrh #ab p>ts ,t9cture ( lav5d] #ab p>ts ,lab>raque's solution #cj p>ts ,mix4 ,r9se ! m\? frequ5tly ) ?is mixture4 ,,iii4--,decoction ( *amomile #cj p>ts ,glyc]9e #hj p>ts ,*lor9at$ wat] #ae p>ts ,mix4 ,use z a g>gle & m\? wa%4 ,,iv4--,pepp]m9t wat] #ejj p>ts ,*]ry-laurel wat] #fj p>ts ,borax #be p>ts ,mix & dissolve4 ,use z g>gle & m\? wa%4 ,v4--,?ymol #c p>ts ,_s ( co*le>ia #cjj p>ts ,t9cture ( rhatany #ajj p>ts ,oil ( pepp]m9t #ae p>ts ,oil ( cloves #aj p>ts ,mix4 ,g>gle & wa% m\? well ) #aj drops 9 a glass ( wat]4 ,,vi4--,salol #e p>ts ,alcohol #a1jjj p>ts ,t9cture ( :ite canella #cj p>ts ,oil ( pepp]m9t #a "p ,mix4 ,use z a d5tifrice4 ,,vii4--,hydrog5 p]oxide #be p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ajj p>ts ,mix4 ,g>gle ! m\? twice daily ) #b tablespoonfuls ( ! mixture 9 a glass ( wat]4 ,,viii4--,sodium bic>bonate #b p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #gj p>ts ,_s ( co*le>ia #cj p>ts ,mix a half-teaspoonful 9 a w9eglassful ( wat]4 ,wa% m\? two or ?ree times daily4 ,,brick ,,/a94 ,to /a9 brick flat ! color ( br[n/one1 add black to ,v5etian r$ until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$4 ,if color gr\nd 9 oil is us$1 ?9 ) turp5t9e1 us+ a little japan z a dri]4 ,if necess>y to get ! desir$ %ade add yell[ o*] to ! mixture ( r$ & black4 ,if ! "w is "p old & "p new1 rub ! wall d[n1 us+ a brick #acd = a rubb]1 until ! surface is uni=m1 & keep x well wet :ile rubb+ ) cem5t wat]1 made by /irr+ ,portl& cem5t into wat] until ! wat] looks ! color ( ! cem5t4 ,?is op]ation fills ! pores ( ! brick & makes a smoo?1 uni=m surface to pa9t on4 ,t+e ! wa% ) a little dry ,v5etian r$ & lampblack4 ,?is w help br+ ! brick to a uni=m color1 s t an ev5 color c be obta9$ ) "o coat ( /a94 ,,bricks3 ,see ,c]amics4 ,,bricks ,,( ,,s&-,,lime3 ,see ,/one1 ,artificial4 ,,brick ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,brick ,,walls1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods & ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,brick ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,brickmak]s' ,,notes3 ,see ,c]amics4 ,,bridge ,,pa9t3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,brilliant9e3 ,see ,hair ,prep>ations4 ,,brim/one 7,,burn+73 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,briony ,,roots3 ,,_! ,,pres]vation3 ,see ,roots4 ,,britannia ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,britannia ,,metal1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,britannia1 ,,silv]plat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,brom9e1 ,,antiseptic3 ,see ,antiseptics4 ,,brom(orm4 ,brom(orm is insoluble 9 dilute alcohol1 b may be dissolv$ by ! aid ( glyc]9e4 ,! foll[+ =mula has be5 devis$3 ,brom(orm #a "p ,alcohol #b p>ts ,comp\nd t9cture ( c>damon #b p>ts ,glyc]9e #a #a_/b p>ts ,"s o!r =mulas are3 ,syrup ( ,brom(orm4--,brom(orm1 #e p>ts2 alcohol 7#ie p] c5t71 #de p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #aej p>ts2 syrup1 #hjj p>ts4 ,mix 9 ! ord] giv5 & place ! conta9] 9 w>m wat] until ! syrup becomes p]fectly cle>4 ,emulsion ( ,brom(orm4--,add #c p>ts ( brom(orm to #bj p>ts ( express$ oil ( almond2 emulsify ?is mixture 9 ! usual mann] ) #b p>ts ( p[d]$ tragacan?1 #d p>ts ( p[d]$ acacia1 & suffici5t wat]1 us+ = ! complet$ emulsion a total ( #abj p>ts ( wat]1 & add1 f9ally1 #d p>ts ( *]ry-laurel wat]4 ,brom(orm ,rum4--,brom(orm1 #a4b p>ts2 *lor(orm1 #j4h p>ts2 rum1 suffici5t to make #abj p>ts4 ,claim$ to be an effective rem$y 9 ! treatm5t ( :oop+ c\gh4 ,,bronzes3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,bronze ,,ca/+3 ,see ,ca/+4 ,,bronze1 ,,imitation3 ,see ,pla/]4 ,,bronze ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,bronze1 ,,r5ovation ,,(3 ,see ,clean+ ,comp\nds4 ,bronze ,p[d]s1 ,liquid ,bronzes1 ,bronze ,sub/itutes1 & ,bronz+ ,,bronze ,,p[d]s4 ,gold bronze is a mixture ( equal p>ts ( oxide ( t9 & sulphur1 :i* are heat$ = "s "t 9 an e>!n retort4 ,silv] bronze is a mixture ( equal p>ts ( bismu?1 t91 & m]cury1 :i* are fus$ 9 a crucible1 add+ ! m]cury only :5 ! t9 & ! bismu? are 9 fusion4 ,next r$uce to a v f9e p[d]4 ,to apply ^! bronzes1 :ite ( egg1 gum arabic1 or v>ni% is us$4 ,x is pref]able to apply !m dry ^u "o ( ! above-nam$ m$iums s]v+ z size1 ?an to mix !m ) ! liquids !mselves1 = 9 ! latt] case _! lu/] is impair$4 ,simple ,color+ ( ,bronze ,p[d]4--,9 ord] to imp>t diff]5t colors to #ace bronze p[d]s1 su* z pale yell[1 d>k yell[ to copp] r$1 ! p[d] is heat$ ) con/ant /irr+ 9 flat iron pans until ?r\gh ! oxidation ( ! copp]--! bronzes consi/ ( ! brass p[d] ( an alloy f :i* ! s-call$ ,dut* gold is produc$--! desir$ %ade ( color is rea*$4 ,z a rule a v small quantity ( fat1 wax1 or ev5 p>aff9e is add$ 9 ?is op]ation4 ,! bronze p[d]s are employ$ to produce coat+s or c]ta9 f9i%es on metals !mselves or to give articles ( wood1 /one1 pa/ebo>d1 etc41 a metallic appe>ance4 ,g5]al ,directions = ,bronz+4--,! *oice ( bronze p[d]s is det]m9$ by ! degree ( brilliancy to be obta9$4 ,! p[d] is mix$ ) /rong gum wat] or is+lass1 & laid on ) a bru% or p5cil1 almo/ b n absolutely dry4 ,a piece ( s(t lea!r1 wrapp$ ar\nd ! f+]1 is dipp$ into ! p[d] & rubb$ ov] ! "w2 :5 all ?is has be5 cov]$ ) ! bronze x mu/ be left to dry1 & ! loose p[d] is !n cle>$ away ) a hair p5cil4 ,,liquid ,,bronzes4 ,liquid ,bronzes4--,i4--,= ! production ( liquid bronze1 acid-free v>ni% %\ld be us$1 z bronze gr\nd ) ord9>y v>ni% w =m v]digris4 ,= ! deacidification ( damm> ros9 p\r #a1jjj p>ts ( petroleum b5z9e ov] #cej p>ts ( f9ely gr\nd damm> ros91 & dissolve by repeat$ %ak+4 ,next add to ! solution #bej p>ts ( a #aj-p]-c5t aque\s solution ( cau/ic soda & %ake up well = #aj m9utes4 ,aft] /&+ = a %ort "t two /rata w h =m$1 ! upp] "o consi/+ ( b5z9e-ros9 solution & ! l[]1 aque\s "o conta9+ ! res9ic acid dissolv$ z soda salts4 ,p\r (f ! b5z9e lay]s & agitate aga9 assidu\sly ) #bej p>ts ( ! #aj-p]-c5t cau/ic-soda solution4 ,n[ set aside = a complete classification & sep>ation ( ! two liquids4 ,! damm> solution siphon$ (f w be p]fectly free f acid4 ,to obta9 gold-bronze v>ni% add to ! deacidifi$ damm> solution ab\t #bej p>ts ( bronze or brocade p] lit]4 ,,ii4--,or else c>efully mix #ajj p>ts ( f9ely gr\nd damm> ros9 ) #cj p>ts ( calc9$ soda & heat to fusion1 9 :i* /ate x is ma9ta9$ #b or #c h\rs ) frequ5t /irr+4 ,let cool1 gr9d ! turbid mass obta9$1 & p\r a little coal b5z9e or petroleum b5z9e ov] x 9 a flask4 ,by repeat$ %ak+ ( ! flask ! soluble portion ( ! molt5 mass is dissolv$2 filt] aft] all[+ to settle2 into ! filtrate put #cjj to #djj p>ts ( bronze p[d] ( any desir$ %ade1 ! brocades be+ especially well adapt$ = ?is purpose4 ,if ! metallic p[d] rema9s di/ribut$ ov] ! mass = a long "t x is ( ! "r consi/5cy2 if x deposits quickly x is too ?9 & a "p ( ! solv5t mu/ be evaporat$ be=e /irr+ 9 ! bronze p[d]4 ,,iii4--,a liquid bronze1 :i*1 :ile x conta9s no metallic con/itu5t1 yet possesses a metallic lu/] & a bronze appe>ance1 & answ]s excell5tly = _m purposes1 is made z foll[s3 ,dissolve by ! aid ( g5tle heat #aj p>ts ( anil9e r$ & #e p>ts ( anil9e purple 9 #ajj p>ts ( alcohol4 ,:5 solution is complete1 add #e p>ts ( b5zoic acid1 raise ! heat1 & let boil f #e to #aj m9utes1 or until ! gre5i% color ( ! mixture passes ov] to a cle> bronze br[n4 ,= 8m>bl+0 or bronz+ pap] articles1 ?is answ]s p>ticul>ly well4 ,incombu/ible ,bronze ,t9cture4--,f9ely pulv]ize #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( prime ,damm> ros9 & #a4e p>ts ( ammonia soda4 ,heat g5tly1 & /ir frequ5tly1 until no m c>bonic acid bubbles up4 ,cool & pulv]ize aga94 ,put ! p[d] into a glass c>boy1 & p\r ov] x #ej p>ts ( c>bon tetra*loride2 let ?is /& = #b days1 /irr+ frequ5tly4 ,!n filt]4 ,t5 p>ts ( ! fluid are mix$ ) #e p>ts ( metallic bronze ( any desir$ %ade1 & put into bottles4 ,%ake well be=e us+4 ,g5]al ,=mulas = ,bronz+ ,prep>ations4--,i4--,take #bdj p>ts subacetate ( copp]1 #abj p>ts oxide ( z9c 9 p[d] =m1 #fj p>ts borax1 #fj p>ts saltpet]1 & #c4e p>ts corrosive sublimate4 ,prep>e a pa/e f x ) oil1 /ir toge!r1 & cont9ue work+ ) boil$ l9se$ oil & turp5t9e4 ,,ii4--,dissolve #abj p>ts sulphate ( copp] & add #abj p>ts *ipp+ ( t92 /ir well & ga!r ! precipitat+ copp]4 ,aft] complete dry+1 gr9d v f9ely 9 boil$ l9se$ oil & turp5t9e4 ,,iii4--,melt 9 a crucible #fj p>ts sulphur & #fj p>ts /annic acid2 /ir ) a clay tube until ! mixture takes on ! appe>ance ( ,dut* gold & p\r out4 ,:5 cold mix ! color ) boil$ l9se$ oil & turp5t9e1 add+ a small quantity ( dri]4 ,^! ?ree bronzes mu/ be cov]$ ) a pale1 resi/ant #acf lacqu]1 o!rwise !y w soon t>ni% 9 rooms :]e gas is burn$4 ,flor5t9e ,bronzes4--,i4--,to produce a ,flor5t9e bronz+1 apply to ! articles1 :i* mu/ h previ\sly be5 dipp$1 a v>ni% compos$ ( *]ry gum lac dissolv$ 9 alcohol4 ,?is v>ni% is put on ) a bru%1 & aft] t ! bronz$ piece is pass$ ?r\gh ! /ove4 ,,ii4--,if ! article is ( brass x mu/ be giv5 a coat ( copp] by means ( ! batt]y4 ,next dip a bru% 9 olive oil & bru% ! piece uni=mly2 let dry = #e or #f h\rs & place 9 sawdu/4 ,!n heat ! article on a mod]ate *>coal du/ fire4 ,prep>ation ( ,fr5* ,bronze4--,fr5* bronze may be prep>$ by r$uc+ to a p[d] hematite1 #e p>ts1 & plumbago1 #h p>ts1 & mix+ into a pa/e ) _s ( w9e4 ,apply ! composition ) a s(t bru% to ! article to be bronz$ & set x aside = "s h\rs4 ,by poli%+ ) a tol]ably h>d bru% ! article w assume ! beautiful appe>ance ( real bronze4 ,! desir$ t9t may be regulat$ by ! proportions ( ! +r$i5ts4 ,h[ to ,bronze ,metals4--,prep>e a solution ( #a #a_/b ounces ( sodium hyposulphite 9 #a p9t ( wat] & add to ! same a solution ( #a #a_/b ounces ( lead acetate dissolv$ 9 #a p9t ( wat]4 ,if1 in/ead ( lead acetate1 an equal weight ( sulphuric acid 7#a #a_/b ounces7 is add$ to ! sodium hyposulphite & ! process c>ri$ on z be=e1 ! brass becomes coat$ ) a v beautiful r$1 :i* *anges to gre51 & f9ally a spl5did br[n ) a gre5 & r$ iridesc5ce4 ,?is la/ is a v durable coat+ & may be especially recomm5d$4 ,x is v difficult to obta9 exact %ades by ?is process )\t "s exp]i5ce4 ,! ?or\gh cleans+ ( all articles f grease by boil+ 9 pota% is absolutely necess>y to success4 ,by sub/itut+ o!r metal salts = ! lead acetate _m *anges 9 t9ts & quality ( ! coat+s c also be effect$4 ,:5 ?is mixture is heat$ to a temp]ature a little bel[ ! boil+ po9t x precipitates sulphide ( lead 9 a /ate ( f9e division4 ,if "s metal is pres5t "s ( ! lead is precipitat$ on ! surface &1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! lay]1 diff]5t colors are produc$4 ,to produce an ev5 color ! articles mu/ be ev5ly heat$4 ,by imm]sion ( brass articles = #e m9utes ! same may be coat$ ) colors v>y+ f gold to copp] r$1 !n to c>m9e1 d>k r$1 & f light blue to blue :ite1 & at la/ a r$di% :ite1 dep5d+ on ! "t ! metal rema9s 9 ! solution & ! temp]ature us$4 ,iron objects treat$ 9 ?is solution take a /eel-blue color1 z9c a br[n color4 ,9 ! case ( copp] objects a gold5 yell[ _c be obta9$4 ,new ,bronz+ ,liquid4--,dissolve #aj p>ts ( fu*s9e & #e p>ts ( anil9e purple 9 #ajj p>ts ( alcohol 7#ie p] c5t7 & add to ! solution #e p>ts ( b5zoic acid4 ,boil ! :ole = #aj m9utes until ! color turns bronze br[n4 ,?is liquid c be appli$ to all metals & dries quickly4 ,a ,bronze = ,brass4--,imm]se ! articles1 fre$ f dirt & grease1 9 a cold solution ( #aj p>ts ( potassium p]manganate1 #ej p>ts ( iron sulphate1 #e p>ts ( hydro*loric acid 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,let rema9 #cj seconds1 !n )draw1 r9se1 & let dry 9 f9e1 s(t sawdu/4 ,if ! articles h become too d>k1 or if a r$di%-br[n color be desir$1 imm]se = ab\t #a m9ute 9 a w>m 7#adj ,f47 solution ( *romic acid1 #aj p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #aj p>ts2 potassium p]manganate1 #aj p>ts2 iron sulphate1 #ej p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,treat z be=e4 ,if ! latt] solution alone be us$ ! product w be a bright] d>k-yell[ or r$di%-br[n color4 ,by heat+ 9 a dry+ ov5 ! tone ( ! colors is improv$4 ,to ,bronze ,copp]4--,?is process is analog\s to ! "o practic$ at ! ,m9t ( ,p>is = bronz+ m$als4 ,spread on ! copp] object a solution compos$ (3 ,acetate or *lorhydrate ( ammonia #cj p>ts ,sea salt #aj p>ts ,cream ( t>t> #aj p>ts ,acetate ( copp] #aj p>ts ,dilut$ acetic acid #ajj p>ts ,let dry = #bd to #dh h\rs at an ord9>y temp]ature4 ,! surface ( ! metal w become cov]$ ) a s]ies ( v>y+ t9ts4 ,bru% ) a wax$ bru%4 ,! gre5 portions soak$ ) *lorhydrate ( ammonia w assume a blue color+1 & ^? treat$ ) c>bonate w be ?ick & d>k5$4 ,bronz+ & ,pat9iz+ ( ,small ,z9c ,articles4--,coat+s ( bronze tones & pat9a %ades may be produc$ on z9c by means ( v>i\s liquids1 b ! #acg articles1 be=e be+ work$ ^u1 %\ld be rubb$ d[n ) v f9e glass or em]y pap]1 to make !m n only p]fectly metallic1 b also some:at r\gh1 z a consequ5ce ( :i* ! bronze or pat9a coat+s w adh]e mu* bett]4 ,! be/ bronze or pat9a effects on bronze are obta9$ by electroplat+ ! article ) a fairly ?ick deposit ( brass ri* 9 copp] & !n treat+ x l g5u9e bronze4 ,! solutions us$1 h[ev]1 mu/ always be highly dilut$1 o!rwise !y may eat entirely ?r\gh ! ?9 metallic coat+4 ,bronz+ ( ,z9c4--,mix ?or\ghly #cj p>ts ( sal ammoniac1 #aj p>ts ( oxalate ( pota%1 & #a1jjj p>ts ( v9eg>4 ,apply ) a bru% or a rag sev]al times1 until ! desir$ t9t is produc$4 ,bronze ,gild+ on ,smoo? ,mold+s4--,a p]fect sub/itute = dead gild+ _c be obta9$ by bronz+1 because ( ! radically diff]5t reflection ( ! light1 = ! matt gild+ pres5ts to ! light a p]fectly smoo? surface1 :ile 9 bronz+ e little scale ( bronze reflects ! light 9 a diff]5t direction4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is diffusion ( light1 all bronz+1 ev5 ! be/ execut$1 is some:at d>k] & dimm] ?an leaf gild+4 ,?is dimness1 x is true1 ext5ds ov] ! :ole surface1 & !re=e is n p]ceptible to ! layman1 & _c be call$ an evil1 z ! g5u9e leaf gold is s spott$ t a bronz$ surface is clean] ?an a gilt "o4 ,! foll[+ process is ! be/ kn[n at pres5t3 ,*oose only ! be/ bronze1 :i* is fir/ prep>$ ?ick ) pure _s4 ,next add a quantity ( wat] & /ir aga94 ,aft] ! precipitation1 :i* occurs promptly1 ! wat] is p\r$ (f & r5ew$ repeat$ly by fre% wat]4 ,:5 ! _s has be5 wa%$ out aga9 9 ?is mann]1 ! rema9+ deposit1 i4 e41 ! bronze1 is ?9n$ ) clean1 good gold size4 ,! bronze mu/ be ?9 en\gh j to cov]4 ,! mold+s are coat$ twice1 ! second "t comm5c+ at ! opposite end4 ,"u no circum/ances %\ld ! dry1 dead gild+ give (f color :5 grasp+ x firmly4 ,if x does t1 ei!r ! size is inf]ior or ! solution too weak or ! mixture too ?ick4 ,incombu/ible ,bronze ,t9cture4--,five p>ts ( prime damm> ros9 & #a4e p>ts ( ammonia soda1 v f9ely pulv]iz$4 ,heat g5tly1 ) frequ5t /irr+1 until ! evolution ( c>bonic acid ceases4 ,!n take f ! fire1 & :5 cool pulv]ize aga94 ,put ! p[d] into a glass c>boy1 & p\r ov] x #ej p>ts ( c>bon tetra*loride2 let ?is /& = #b days1 /irr+ frequ5tly1 !n filt]4 ,t5 p>ts ( ! fluid are to be mix$ ) ea* #e p>ts ( metallic bronze ( any desir$ %ade1 & put into bottles4 ,%ake ! t9cture well be=e us+4 ,bronz+ ,engrav$ ,ornam5ts4--,take bronze & /ir ) x pale copal v>ni% dilut$ "o-half ) turp5t9e4 ,) ?is pa9t ! ornam5ts neatly4 ,9 #a_/b h\r ! bronze w h dri$4 ,! places f :i* ! bronze is to be remov$1 i4 e41 :]e ! bronze has ov]run ! poli%$ surface1 are dabb$ ) a small rag soak$ ) k]os5e1 tak+ c>e t x is n too wet1 s z to prev5t ! k]os5e f runn+ into ! ornam5t4 ,aft] a %ort :ile ! bronze w h dissolv$ & c be wip$ (f ) a s(t rag4 ,if ?is does n remove x entirely1 dab & wipe aga94 ,f9ally f9i% wip+ ) an especially s(t1 clean rag4 ,k]os5e does n attack poli% on wood4 ,! bronze mu/ become dull & yet adh]e firmly1 "u :i* condition x has a h>d5$ color4 ,if x does n become dull ! v>ni% is too /rong & %\ld be dilut$ ) turp5t9e4 ,durable ,bronze on ,bann]s4--,to r5d] bronzes durable on bann]s1 etc41 ! gr\nd mu/ be prim$ ) gum arabic & a little glyc]9e4 ,!n apply ! bronze solution1 prep>$ ) damm> & "o-t5? v>ni%4 ,in/ead ( gum arabic ) glyc]9e1 gelat9e glue may also be employ$ z an und]lay4 ,,bronze ,,sub/itutes4 ,! foll[+ recipe is us$ 9 mak+ imitation gold bronzes3 ,s&>ac #ej p>ts ,ma/ic #aj p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #e p>ts ,alcohol #ace p>ts ,9 ! above dissolve3 ,metanil yell[ & gold orange #j4d p>ts & add ,alum9um1 f9ely p[d]$ #bj p>ts & %ake4 ,if a deep] %ade is desir$ x is well to use e?yl orange & gold orange 9 ! same proportion1 in/ead ( ! dyes4 ,= ! production ( imitation copp] bronze take ! above-m5tion$ ros9 mixture & dissolve !re9 only gold #ach orange #j4h p>ts1 & add alum9um #bj p>ts1 :]eby a h&some copp] color is produc$4 ,metanil yell[ #j4d p>ts )\t gold orange gives ) ! same am\nt ( lacqu] a gre5i% tone ( bronze4 ,! pigm5ts mu/ n be made use ( 9 l>g] quantities1 because ! lu/] ( ! bronze is mat]ially affect$4 ,only pigm5ts ( c]ta9 prop]ties1 su* z solubility 9 alcohol1 relative con/ancy to r$uctive ag5ts1 are suitable2 unsuitable are1 = in/ance1 naph?ol yell[1 ph5yl5e-diam91 etc4 ,likewise only a lacqu] ( c]ta9 composition is fit = use1 o!r lacqu]s ( comm]ce1 su* z zapon 7celluloid7 lacqu] be+ unsuitable4 ,! bronzes prep>$ 9 ?is mann] excel 9 lu/] & color effect2 ! co/ is v l[4 ,!y are suitable = bronz+ l[-pric$ articles1 z t9w>e1 toys1 etc4 ,"u ! action ( sun & moi/ure ! articles lose "s ( _! lu/]1 b objects kept indoors su* z figures ( pla/] ( ,p>is1 ink/&s1 wood5 boxes1 etc41 reta9 _! brilliancy = ye>s4 ,"s use p[d]$ alum9um & yell[ organic dye/uffs1 su* z gold orange4 ,^! are employ$ toge!r ) a v>ni% ( c]ta9 composition1 :i* imp>ts ! necess>y gloss to ! mixture4 ,,bronze ,,color+3 ,to ,color ,bronze4--,bronze articles acquire h&some temp]+ colors by heat+4 ,9 ord] to imp>t an old appe>ance to new objects ( bronze1 !y may be heat$ ov] a flame & rubb$ ) a wool5 rag dipp$ 9 f9ely p[d]$ graphite1 until ! desir$ %ade is atta9$4 ,or else a pa/e is appli$ on ! article1 consi/+ ( graphite #e p>ts & blood/one #ae p>ts1 ) a suffici5t quantity ( alcohol4 ,aft] #bd h\rs bru% (f ! dry p[d]4 ,a hot solution compos$ ( sal ammoniac #d p>ts1 sorrel salt #a "p1 v9eg> #bjj p>ts1 may also be bru%$ on4 ,ano!r way is to dip ! pieces into a boil+ solution ( cupric acetate #bj p>ts1 & sal ammoniac #aj p>ts1 dissolv$ 9 #fj to #ajj p>ts ( v9eg>4 ,pat5t bronzes 7products color$ by means ( anil9e dyes7 h hi!rto be5 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( toys & de luxe or fancy pap]1 b mak]s ( wall or /a9$ pap] h rec5tly giv5 _! att5tion to ^! products4 ,wall--or moir--pap] prep>$ ) ^! dyes furni%es cov]s or pr9ts ( silk5 gloss ) a peculi> d\ble-color effect 9 :i* ! metallic brilliancy *>act]i/ic ( bronze comb9es ) ! %ades ( ! t> pigm5ts us$4 ,v beautiful reliefs1 giv+ rise to ! mo/ *>m+ play ( colors 9 p]p5dicul> or lat]ally reflect$ light1 are produc$ by press+ ! pap] l5g?s or web pa9t$ ) anil9e-bronze dyes4 ,! brass brocade & t9 bronzes s]ve z bases = ! anil9e dyes2 ( ! t> pigm5ts only basic anil9e dyes soluble 9 alcohol are us$4 ,9 color+ ! pulv]iz$ bronze c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! latt] is z free z possible f organic fats4 ,t> dyes %\ld be dissolv$ 9 z conc5trat$ a =m z possible 9 alcohol & /irr$ ) ! bronze1 ! pigm5t be+ !n fix$ on ! vehicle ) an alcoholic solution ( tann94 ,! pat5t bronze is !n dri$ by all[+ ! alcohol to evaporate4 ,?is me?od ( color+ is purely me*anical1 z ! t> dyes d n comb9e ) ! metallic bronze1 z is ! case ) pigm5ts 9 :i* hydrate ( alum9a is us$4 ,a coat+ ( anil9e bronze ( ?is k9d is !re=e v s5sitive to moi/ure1 unless spread ov] ! pap] surface ) a suitable protective b9d+ m$ium1 or protect$ by a transp>5t coat ( v>ni%1 :i* ( c\rse mu/ n int]f]e ) ! special color effect4 ,pickle = ,bronzes4--,sulphuric acid1 #a1jjj p>ts2 nitric acid1 #ejj p>ts2 soot1 #aj p>ts2 sea salt1 #e p>ts4 ,imitation ,japanese ,bronze4--,:5 ! copp] or copp]$ article is p]fectly dry & ! copp] or copp] coat+ made brilliant1 :i* is produc$ by rubb+ ) a s(t bru%1 put graphite ov] ! piece to be bronz$ s t ! copp] is simply dy$4 ,wipe (f ! rais$ portions ) a damp clo?1 s t ! copp] makes its appe>ance4 ,next put on a ?9 coat ( ,japanese v>ni%2 wipe ! relief aga9 & let dry4 ,apply #a or #b coats aft] ! fir/ is p]fectly dry4 ,h&some smok$ hues may be obta9$ by hold+ ! bronze ei!r ov] ! du/ ( light$ peat or p[d]$ ros9 ?r[n on light$ coal1 s z to obta9 a smoke :i* w *ange ! color ( ! v>ni% employ$4 ,! v>ni% mu/ be liquid en\gh to be work$ easily1 = ?is /yle ( bronz+ is only applicable to brass4 ,gre5 ,bronze on ,iron4--,abietate ( silv]1 #a "p2 ess5ce ( lav5d]1 #ai p>ts4 ,dissolve ! abietate ( silv] 9 ! ess5ce ( lav5d]4 ,aft] ! articles h be5 well pickl$ apply ! abietate-(-silv] solution ) a bru%2 next place ! objects 9 a /ove & let ! temp]ature atta9 ab\t #aej ,c4 ,blue ,bronze4--,blue bronze is #aci produc$ by ! wet process by color+ :ite bronze 7silv] composition7 ) anil9e blue4 ,a blue-bronze color c be produc$ 9 ! ord9>y way f :ite-bronze color1 ! product ( pure ,engli% t91 & ) an alum solution consi/+ ( #bj p>ts ( alum 9 #d1ejj p>ts ( wat] boil$ = #e h\rs & wa%$ clean & dri$4 ,! bronze prep>$ 9 ?is mann] is plac$ 9 a porcela9 di%1 mix$ ) a solution ( #ae p>ts ( anil9e blue 9 #a1ejj p>ts ( alcohol1 /irr+ ! bronze p[d] & liquid until ! alcohol has evaporat$ entirely & ! bronze color becomes dry4 ,?is manipulation mu/ be repeat$ #f or #h times1 until ! desir$ blue %ade is rea*$4 ,:5 ! bronze is d>k en\gh x is wa%$ out 9 w>m wat]1 & be=e entirely dry #a tablespoonful ( petroleum is p\r$ on #b p\nds ( bronze1 :i* is intimately mix$ & spread out into a ?9 lay]1 expos$ to ! air1 :]eby ! smell is caus$ to disappe> 9 a few days4 ,bronz+ ) ,soluble ,glass4--,to bronze wood1 porcela91 glass1 & metal by means ( a wat]-glass solution1 coat ! article ) pota% wat]-glass ( #cj ,b4 & spr9kle on ! respective bronze p[d]4 ,br[n ,oxidation on ,bronze4--,g5u9e bronze c be beautifully oxidiz$ by pa9t+ x ) a solution ( #d p>ts ( sal ammoniac & #a "p ( oxalium 7oxalate ( pota%7 9 #bjj p>ts ( v9eg>1 all[+ x to dry1 & repeat+ ! op]ation sev]al times4 ,^! articles1 protect$ aga9/ ra91 soon lose ! unpleasant gl>+ metallic lu/] & assume in/ead a s(t br[n t9t1 :i* bronze articles o!rwise acquire only aft] sev]al ye>s' exposure to ! atmosph]e4 ,a beautiful bronze color :i* w rema9 unaffect$ by heat c be imp>t$ to bronze articles by ! foll[+ process3 ,! object is fir/ wa%$ 9 a solution ( #a "p ( cry/alliz$ v]digris & #b p>ts ( sal ammoniac 9 #bfj p>ts ( wat]1 & !n dri$ be=e an op5 fire till ! gre5 color beg9s to disappe>4 ,! op]ation is repeat$ #aj to #bj times1 b ) a solution ( #a "p ( v]digris cry/als & #b p>ts ( sal ammoniac 9 #fjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,! color ( ! article1 olive gre5 at fir/1 gradually turns to br[n1 :i* w rema9 unalt]$ ev5 :5 expos$ to /rong heat4 ,,bronze ,,p[d]s3 ,see also ,plat+ = g5]al me?ods ( bronz+1 & ,v>ni%es4 ,gold & ,silv] ,bronze ,p[d]s4--,g5u9e gold bronze is produc$ f ! wa/e & p>+s obta9$ 9 gold beat+4 ,! p>+s1 etc41 are gr\nd ) honey or a gum solution1 ^u a glass plate or "u h>d granite /ones1 into a v f9e p[d]1 :i* is repeat$ly wa%$ out ) wat] & dri$4 ,!re are v>i\s %ades ( gold bronze1 viz41 r$1 r$di%1 deep yell[1 pale yell[1 z well z gre5i%4 ,^! t9ts are caus$ by ! v>i\s p]c5tages ( gold or ! v>i\s mixtures ( ! gold ) silv] & copp]4 ,by ! use ( v>i\s salt solutions or acidulat$ sub/ances o!r %ades c be imp>t$ to bronze4 ,9 wat] conta9+ sulphuric acid1 nitric acid1 or hydro*loric acid1 x turns a bright yell[2 by treatm5t ) a solution ( cry/alliz$ v]digris or blue vitriol 9 wat] x assumes m ( a r$di% hue2 o!r t9ts are obta9$ ) ! aid ( cook+ salt1 t>t>1 gre5 vitriol1 or saltpet] 9 wat]4 ,gold bronze is also obta9$ by dissolv+ gold 9 aqua regia & mix+ ) a solution ( gre5 vitriol 9 wat]1 :]eupon ! gold falls d[n z a metallic p[d] :i* may be treat$ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,! gre5 vitriol1 h[ev]1 mu/ be dissolv$ 9 boil+ wat] & mix$ 9 a glass1 drop by drop1 ) sulphuric acid & /irr$ until ! basic iron sulphate sep>at+ 9 flakes has r$issolv$4 ,ano!r way ( produc+ gold bronze is by dissolv+ gold 9 aqua regia & evaporat+ ! solution 9 a porcela9 di%4 ,:5 x is almo/ dry add a little pure hydro*loric acid & repeat ?is to drive out all ! free *lor9e & to produce a pure hydro*lorate ( gold4 ,! gold salt is dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat]1 tak+ #a_/b lit] p] ducat 7#c #a_/b grams f9e gold72 into ?is solution drop1 :ile /irr+ by means ( a glass rod1 an #h solution 7by ,beaum7 ( antimony *loride1 z long z a precipitate =ms4 ,?is deposit is gold bronze1 :i*1 dri$ aft] removal ( all liquids1 is *iefly employ$ 9 pa9t+1 = bronz+1 & = *9a & glass decoration4 ,metallic gold p[d] is1 fur!rmore1 obta9$ by dissolv+ pure & alloy$ gold 9 aqua regia & precipitat+ x aga9 by an electro-positive metal1 su* z iron or z9c1 :i* is plac$ 9 ! liquid 9 ! =m ( rods4 ,! gold is completely sep>at$ !reby4 ,! rods mu/ be p]fectly clean & poli%$ bright4 ,! color ( ! gold bronze dep5ds ^u ! proportions ( ! gold4 ,9 ord] to fur!r increase ! brilliancy ! dri$ sub/ance may /ill be gr\nd4 #adj ,mosaic ,gold4--,mosaic gold1 g5]ally a comp\nd ( t91 #fd4fc p>ts1 & sulphur1 #ce4cg p>ts1 is odorless & ta/eless1 & dissolves only 9 *lor9e solution1 aqua regia1 & boil+ pota% lye4 ,x is employ$ pr9cipally = bronz+ pla/]-(-,p>is figures1 copp]1 & brass1 by mix+ x ) #f p>ts ( bone a%es1 rubb+ x on wet1 or apply+ x ) v>ni% or :ite ( egg 9 ! prep>ation ( gold pap] or = gild+ c>dbo>d & wood4 ,mosaic gold ( gold5-yell[ color is produc$ by heat+ #f p>ts ( sulphur & #af p>ts ( t9 amalgam ) equal p>ts ( m]cury & #d p>ts ( sulphur2 #h p>ts ( precipitate f /annic muriate 7/annic acid7 & #d p>ts ( sulphur also give a h&some mosaic gold4 ,! h&some/1 pure/1 & mo/ gold-l mosaic gold is obta9$ by melt+ #ab p>ts ( pure t91 free f lead1 & mix+ ) #f p>ts ( m]cury to an amalgam4 ,?is is mix$ ) #g p>ts ( fl[]s ( sulphur & #f p>ts ( sal ammoniac1 :]eupon ! mass is subject$ = sev]al h\rs to a heat :i* at fir/ does n atta9 r$ness1 b ev5tually :5 no m fumes are g5]at$ is increas$ to d>k-r$ heat4 ,?is op]ation is conduct$ ei!r 9 a glass retort or 9 an e>!nw>e crucible4 ,! sal ammoniac escapes fir/ on heat+1 next v]milion sublimates & "s /annic *loride1 :ile ! mosaic gold rema9s on ! bottom1 ! upp] lay]1 consi/+ ( lu/r\s1 gold51 delicately transluc5t leaflets1 be+ ! h&some/ mosaic gold4 ,g5u9e ,silv] ,bronze4--,?is is obta9$ by ! f9ely gr\nd wa/e f beat+ leaf silv] or by dissolv+ silv] 9 aqua =tis4 ,?is solution is !n dilut$ ) wat] & brightly sc\r$ copp] plates are put 91 :]eby ! silv] precipitates z a metallic p[d]4 ,imitation ,silv] ,bronze4--,?is is obta9$ ?r\gh ! wa/e 9 beat+ imitation leaf silv]1 :i*1 f9ely gr\nd1 is !n wa%$ & dri$4 ,9 ord] to increase ! lu/] x is gr\nd aga9 9 a dry condition4 ,mosaic ,silv]4--,mosaic silv] is an amalgam ( equal p>ts ( m]cury1 bismu?1 & t94 ,"o may also melt #ej p>ts ( good t9 9 a crucible1 & z soon z x becomes liquid add #ej p>ts ( bismu?1 /irr+ all ) an iron wire until ! bismu? is fus$ z well4 ,z soon z ?is occurs ! crucible mu/ be remov$ f ! fire2 !n /ir 91 z long z ! cont5ts are /ill liquid1 #be p>ts ( m]cury & mix ! :ole mass ev5ly until x c be gr\nd on a /one slab4 ,,bronze ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,bronz+ ,,solutions ,,= ,,pa9ts3 ,see ,pa9ts4 ,,bronz+ ,,( ,,wood3 ,see ,wood4 ,,broo*es1 ,,photographs ,,on3 ,see ,photography4 ,,br[n ,,o9tm5t3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,br[n+ ,,( ,,/eel3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,br[n/one1 ,,imitation3 ,see ,brick ,/a94 ,,brunette ,,p[d]3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,bru%es ,,h[ ,,to ,,take ,,c>e ,,( ,,pa9t ,,& ,,v>ni% ,,bru%es4 ,x is a good plan to fill ! v>ni% bru% be=e putt+ x 9 ! keep]4 ,:itewa% or kalsom9e bru%es %\ld n be put into newly slak$ lime or hot kalsom9e4 ,cem5t-set bru%es %\ld nev] be put 9 any alcohol mixture1 su* z %elacs & _s /a9s4 ,v>ni% bru%es %\ld be select$ ) a view to _! possess+ ! foll[+ qualities3 #a/1 excell5ce ( mat]ial2 #b;d1 excell5ce ( make1 :i* includes fullness ( hair or bri/les & p]man5cy ( b9d+2 #c;d1 life & spr+1 or ela/icity suffici5t to enable ! v>ni%] to spread ! v>ni% )\t r$uc+ x ) turp5t9e2 & #d?1 spr++1 :5 9 use1 to a true *isel edge4 ,temp]ature = ,bru%es4--,! bri/les ( e bru% are held 9 place by ! h&le4 ,x passes ?r\gh ! %ank ( ! bru% & is kiln-dri$ to fit p]fectly4 ,if x %r9ks1 h[ev]1 its outw>d t5sion is lo/ & ! bri/les loos5$4 ,= ?is reason ! fir/ pr9ciple 9 bru% c>e is to keep ! tool1 :5 x is new or n soak+1 9 a cool place1 out ( hot rooms1 & any temp]ature t w\ld t5d to %r9k ! wood ( ! h&le4 ,clean+ ,pa9t ,bru%es4--,no new bru% %\ld be dipp$ 9 ! pa9t & put to "w )\t fir/ be+ #ada clean$4 ,by work+ x ) a brisk movem5t back & =? ?r\gh ! h& mo/ ( ! du/ & loose hairs w be tak5 out4 ,a pa9t bru%1 :5 ?us ?or\ghly dry clean$1 %\ld be plac$ 9 wat] = a few m9utes1 n long en\gh to soak or swell x1 b only until wet ?r\gh1 & !n swung & %ak5 dry4 ,x is !n ready to dip 9 ! pa9t1 & al?\gh "s ( ! hairs may /ill be loose1 mo/ ( !m w come out 9 ! fir/ few m9utes' work+ & c be easily pick$ f ! surface4 ,clean+ ,v>ni% ,bru%es4--,v>ni% bru%es1 & bru%es us$ 9 v>ni% /a91 buggy pa9t1 & all color 9 v>ni% require diff]5t h&l+ ?an pa9t bru%es4 ,!y %\ld be m ?or\ghly dry clean$1 9 ord] t all loose hairs may be work$ out4 ,aft] work+ !m ?r\gh ! h& x is a good ?+ to pass ! bru% back & =? ov] a %eet ( s&pap]4 ,?is r\gh surface w pull out ! loose bri/les & smoo? d[n ! r\gh ends ( ! *isel po9t4 ,! bru% %\ld !n be wa%$ by work+ x = a few m9utes 9 clean turp5t9e & sw++ x dry4 ,x %\ld nev] be put 9 wat]4 ,= c>riage "w & f9e v>ni%+ ! bru% %\ld be brok5 9 on ! rubb+ coat 9 ord] to "w out all ! du/ p>ticles be=e x is us$ on ! f9i%+ coats4 ,sett+ ! ,pa9t-,bru% ,bri/les4--,= ! fir/ #b or #c days new bru%es require special c>e :ile at re/4 ,!y %\ld be dipp$ 9 raw oil or ! pa9t itself & smoo!d out c>efully1 !n laid on _! sides ov] night4 ,! *isel-po9t$ bru%es %\ld be set at an incl9e1 ! h&le support$ j en\gh to all[ ! bru% to lie along ! po9t4 ,?is is done to prev5t twi/+ ( ! bri/les1 & to keep ! %ape ( ! bru%4 ,x is necess>y to d ?is only #b or #c times be=e ! %ape becomes set4 ,pa9t ,bru%es at ,re/4--,an important pr9ciple 9 bru% c>e is nev] to leave ! bru% on end :ile at re/4 ,ev5 = tempor>y re/ dur+ a job ! bru% %\ld nev] /& on end4 ,at night x %\ld always be plac$ 9 a 8bru%-keep]0--a wat]-tight box1 or a pa9t keg1 ) nails driv5 ?r\gh ! sides on :i* ! bru%es c be susp5d$ 9 wat]4 ,holes are bor$ 9 ! h&les s ! bru% w hang free ( ! bottom1 b ) ! bri/les entirely "u wat]4 ,be=e plac+ !m 9 wat] ! bru%es %\ld be wip$ s z n to be too full ( pa9t1 b n clean$4 ,v>ni% ,bru%es at ,re/4--,v>ni% bru%es %\ld be kept at re/ 9 turp5t9e & v>ni%1 or bett]1 9 "s ( ! v>ni% t ! bru% is us$ =4 ,!y %\ld pref]ably n be kept 9 turp5t9e1 z t makes ! bru% 8l\sy0--r\gh5+ ! bri/les4 ,wa%+ ,bru%es4--,all bru%es %\ld be wa%$ 9 b5z9e or turp5t9e & %ak5 dry--n :ipp$--:5 x is desir$ to *ange f "o color to ano!r1 or f "o v>ni% to ano!r4 ,to ,re/ore ,bru%es4--,a good rem$y to re/ore lett]+ bru%es :i* h lo/ _! ela/icity & d n keep a po9t1 is z foll[s3 ,put ! p5cil 9 oil & bru% x sev]al times ov] a hot iron 9 su* a mann] t ! hairs t\* ! iron f ea* side2 !n dip ! p5cil quickly 9 cold wat]4 ,a ,removable ,b9d+4--,! bri/le bun* ( bru%es is b\nd ) rope s z to keep !m toge!r = use4 ,in/ead ( ! tw9e1 a cov]+ ( rubb] may be employ$1 :i* is easily slipp$ ov] ! bri/les & c be conv5i5tly remov$ aga94 ,! clean+ ( ! bru% is mu* facilitat$ !reby1 & ! bread? ( ! /ripe to be drawn ) ! bru% c be accurately regulat$1 accord+ to h[ f> ! cov]+ is slipp$ ov] ! bru%4 ,see also ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,bubbles ,,9 ,,gelat93 ,see ,gelat94 ,,bubble 7,,soap7 ,,liquid3 ,see ,soap ,bubble ,liquid4 ,,bubbles4 ,bubbles ( air (t5 adh]e to molds imm]s$ 9 deposit+ solutions4 ,!y may be prev5t$ by previ\sly dipp+ ! object into spirits ( w9e1 or be remov$ by ! aid ( a s(t bru%1 or by direct+ a p[]ful curr5t ( ! liquid aga9/ !m by means ( a vulcaniz$ india-rubb] bladd]1 ) a long & curv$ glass tube atta*$ to x2 b ! liquid %\ld be free f s$im5t4 ,,bug ,,kill]s3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,bunions3 ,see ,corn ,cures4 #adb ,,burns3 ,see also ,o9tm5ts & ,turp5t9e4 ,mixture = ,burns4--,i4--,a mixture ( ca/or oil ) ! :ite ( egg is recomm5d$ = burns4 ,! eggs are brok5 into a b[l & ! ca/or oil sl[ly p\r$ 9 :ile ! eggs are beat54 ,en\gh oil is add$ to make a ?ick1 creamy pa/e1 :i* is appli$ to ! burn4 ,! applications are repeat$ (t5 en\gh to prev5t _! becom+ dry or /icky4 ,leave ! surface uncov]$4 ,,ii4--,put #bg p>ts1 by measure1 ( m5?ol into #dd p>ts1 by measure1 ( wit* hazel 7di/illate7 & apply freely4 ,a good plan is to b&age ! p>ts & wet ! wrapp+s ) ?is mixture4 ,,iii4--,a v efficaci\s rem$y = burns is a solution ( cook+ salt 9 wat]4 ,x is be/ to imm]se f+]s1 h&s1 & arms 9 ! solution1 :i* mu/ be tol]ably /rong4 ,= burns 9 ! face & o!r p>ts ( ! body1 salt wat] p\ltices are appli$4 ,butt] 7,see also ,foods47 ,butt] ,color4--,orlean1 #hj p>ts1 by weight2 curcuma root 7turm]ic71 #hj p>ts1 by weight2 olive oil1 #bdj p>ts1 by weight2 saffron1 #a "p1 by weight2 alcohol1 #e p>ts1 by weight4 ,! orlean & turm]ic are mac]at$ ) olive oil & express$4 ,! weight ( ! filt]$ liquid is made up aga9 to #bdj p>ts1 by weight1 ) olive oil1 next ! filt]$ saffron-alcohol extract is add$1 & ! alcohol is expell$ aga9 by heat+ ! mixture4 ,artificial ,butt]4--,i4--,c>efully wa%$ beef suet furni%es a basis = ! manufactures ( an edible sub/itute = natural butt]4 ,! ?or\ghly wa%$ & f9ely *opp$ suet is r5d]$ 9 a /eam-heat$ tank2 #a1jjj p>ts ( fat1 #cjj p>ts ( wat]1 #a "p ( potassium c>bonate1 & #b /oma*s ( pigs or %eep1 are tak54 ,! temp]ature ( ! mixture is rais$ to #aac ,f4 ,aft] #b h\rs1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! peps9 9 ! /oma*s1 ! membranes are dissolv$ & ! fat is melt$ & rises to ! top ( ! mixture4 ,aft] ! addition ( a little salt ! melt$ fat is drawn (f1 /ood to cool s z to all[ ! /e>9e & palmit9 to sep>ate1 & !n press$ 9 bags 9 a hydraulic press4 ,=ty to #ej p] c5t ( solid /e>9e rema9s1 :ile #ej to #fj p] c5t ( fluid oleopalmit9 7s-call$ 8oleom>g>9e07 is press$ out4 ,! 8oleo oil0 is !n mix$ ) #aj p] c5t ( its weight ( milk & a little butt] color & *urn$4 ,! product is !n work$1 salt$1 & con/itut$ ! 8oleom>g>9e10 or butt] sub/itute4 ,leaf l>d c be work$ 9 ! same way z beef suet1 & w yield an oleopalmit9 suitable = *urn+ up into a butt] sub/itute4 ,,ii4--,fat f fre%ly slaught]$ cattle aft] ?or\gh wa%+ is plac$ 9 clean wat] & surr\nd$ ) ice1 :]e x is all[$ to rema9 until all animal heat has be5 remov$4 ,x is !n cut into small pieces by ma*9]y & cook$ at a temp]ature ( ab\t #aej ,f4 7#fe4f ,c47 until ! fat 9 liquid =m has sep>at$ f ! tissue1 !n settl$ until x is p]fectly cle>4 ,!n x is drawn into ! gra9+ vats & all[$ to /& = a day1 :5 x is ready = ! presses4 ,! press+ extracts ! /e>9e1 leav+ a product comm]cially kn[n z oleo oil :i*1 :5 *urn$ ) cream or milk1 or bo?1 & ) usually a proportion ( cream]y butt]1 ! :ole be+ prop]ly salt$1 gives ! new food product1 oleom>g>9e4 ,,iii4--,9 mak+ butt]9e use neutral l>d1 :i* is made f select$ leaf l>d 9 a v simil> mann] to oleo oil1 except+ t no /e>9e is extract$4 ,?is neutral l>d is cur$ 9 salt br9e = f #dh to #gj h\rs at an ice-wat] temp]ature4 ,x is !n tak5 &1 ) ! desir$ proportion ( oleo oil & f9e butt]1 is *urn$ ) cream & milk1 produc+ an article :i* :5 prop]ly salt$ & pack$ is ready = ! m>ket4 ,9 bo? cases color+ matt] is us$1 :i* is ! same z t us$ by dairym5 to color _! butt]4 ,at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>--viz41 9 cold wea!r1 a small quantity ( sesame oil or salad oil made f cottonse$ oil is us$ to s(t5 ! texture ( ! product4 ,,iv4--8,ank>a0 is a sub/ance :i* 9 g5]al appe>ance resembles a good article ( butt]1 be+ r firm] at ord9>y temp]atures ?an t sub/ance1 approa*+ ! consi/5cy ( cocoa butt]4 ,x is q odorless1 b 9 ta/e x resembles t ( a fair article ( butt] &1 :at is m1 its behavior "u heat is v simil> to t ( butt]--x br[ns & =ms a sort ( spume l t ( fat4 ,ank>a consi/s ( a base ( cocoa butt]1 c>ry+ ab\t #aj p] c5t ( milk1 color$ ) yolk ( egg4 ,:ile n d]iv$ f milk1 on ! "o h&1 nor does x come f a s+le vegetable or animal fat on ! o!r1 #adc ank>a may be consid]$ z belong+ to ! category ( ! m>g>9es4 ,ank>a is obta9$ 9 ! m>ket 9 ! =m ( cakes or tablets ( #b p\nds 9 weight4 ,v4--,fre% butt]1 #aej p>ts1 by weight2 animal fat1 #hj p>ts1 by weight2 sunfl[] oil1 #dj p>ts1 by weight2 cocoanut oil1 #cj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,vi4--,fre% butt]1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight2 animal fat1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight2 sunfl[] oil1 #hj p>ts1 by weight2 cocoanut oil1 #bj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,vii4--,fre% butt]1 #ej p>ts1 by weight2 animal fat1 #aej p>ts1 by weight2 sunfl[] oil1 #hj p>ts1 by weight2 cocoanut oil1 #bj p>ts1 by weight4 ,x is se5 t ^! ?ree v>ieties conta9 respectively #ej1 #cc1 & ab\t #af p] c5t ( c['s butt]4 ,! appe>ance ( ! mixture is ne>ly p]fect4 ,=mulas ,v to ,,vii are = a ,russian artificial butt] call$ 8,p]epusk40 ,to ,imp>t ! ,aroma & ,ta/e ( ,natural ,butt] to ,m>g>9e4--,9 ord] to give m>g>9e ! aroma & flavor ( c[ butt]1 add to x a fatty acid product1 :i* is obta9$ by saponification ( butt]1 decomposition ( ! soap1 & di/illation 9 ! vacuum at ab\t #adj ,f4 ,! addition ( ! product is made ^u emulsification ( ! fats ) milk4 ,! m>g>9e w keep = mon?s4 ,h>mless ,butt] ,color4--,alum1 pulv]iz$ f9ely1 #cj p>ts2 extract ( turm]ic1 #a "p4 ,) ! extract damp5 ! p[d] z ev5ly z possible1 !n spread out & dry ov] "s hot surface4 ,:5 dry1 aga9 pulv]ize ?or\ghly4 ,protect ! product f ! light4 ,z mu* ( ! p[d] z w lie on ! po9t ( a p5knife is add$ to a *urnful ( milk1 or cream1 be=e *urn+1 & x gives a beautiful gold5 color1 entirely h>mless4 ,to make ! extract ( turm]ic add #a "p ( p[d]$ turm]ic to #e p>ts ( alcohol1 & let mac]ate toge!r = fully a week4 ,to ,sweet5 ,rancid ,butt]4--,i4--,wa% ! butt] fir/ ) fre% milk & aft]w>ds ) spr+ wat]1 c>efully work+ out ! residual wat]4 ,,ii4--,add #be to #cj drops ( lime *loride to e #b p\nds ( butt]1 "w ! mass up ?or\ghly1 !n wa% 9 pl5ty ( fre%1 cold wat]1 & "w out ! residual wat]4 ,,iii4--,melt ! butt] 9 a wat] ba?1 along ) "s fre%ly burn$ animal *>coal1 co>sely p[d]$ & c>efully sift$ to free x f du/4 ,aft] ?is has rema9$ 9 contact = a few m9utes1 ! butt] is /ra9$ ?r\gh a clean flannel4 ,if ! rancid odor is n completely remov$1 complete ! process4 ,an ,engli% ,m>g>9e4--,a mixture ( edible fats ( suitable consi/5cy1 e4 g41 oleo oil1 #e p>ts2 neutral l>d1 #g p>ts2 & butt]1 #a "p2 is mix$ ) album9\s 8batt]10 #d p>ts1 ) ! addition ( #a "p ( salt z a pres]vative4 ,if ! album9\s con/itu5t be compos$ ( ! :ites & yolks ( eggs beat5 to a foam ! product w h ! consi/5cy & color ( butt]4 ,! molt5 fats are add$ to ! egg batt] & ! :ole is /irr$ at a temp]ature suffici5t to produce coagulation ( ! album5 7#aej-bjj ,f474 ,! mass is !n cool$ gradually ) cont9u\s /irr+1 & ! salt is work$ 94 ,olive-,oil ,pa/e4--,if an ounce ( peel$ g>lic be rubb$ up into a pulp1 9 a clean ,w$gwood mort>1 & to ?is be add$ f #c to #d ounces ( good olive oil1 ) con/ant rubb+ up ) ! pe/le1 ! oil becomes conv]t$ into a pa/y mass1 l butt]4 ,x is possible t ! mucilage obta9able f o!r bulbs ( ! ,lilium tribe w\ld prove equally effici5t 9 conf]r+ semi-solidity on ! oil1 )\t imp>t+ any /rong smell4 ,! above composition is l>gely us$ by ! ,spani% peasantry1 in/ead ( butt]1 :i* runs liquid 9 ! ,spani% summ]4 ,x is kn[n z 8aleoli40 ,! m easily solidifi$ portion ( olive oil is /e>9e1 & ?is may be *eaply prep>$ f mutton fat4 ,if add$1 9 c]ta9 proportions1 to olive oil1 x w\ld c]ta9ly raise its melt+ po9t4 ,,butt]milk1 ,,artificial4 ,butt]milk p[d]1 #aj p>ts2 v9eg>1 #a "p2 syrup ( buck?orn1 #a "p4 ,dissolve ! p[d] 9 ! wat] & add ! v9eg> & syrup4 ,! p[d] is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,sodium *loride1 #ej p>ts2 milk sug>1 #ajj p>ts2 potassium nitrate1 #e p>ts2 alum1 #e p>ts4 ,mix4 ,,butt]1 ,,artificial3 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,butt] ,,colorant3 ,see ,foods4 ,,buttons ,,( ,,artificial ,,agate3 ,see ,agate4 ,,cadmium ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 #add ,,calcium ,,c>bide3 ,pres]vation & ,use ( ,calcium ,c>bide4--,calcium c>bide is readily attack$ by ! air & ! moi/ure conta9$ 9 ! g5]ators & consequ5tly decomposes dur+ ! /or+1 ) =mation ( acetyl5e gas4 ,aside f ! loss1 ?is decomposition is also att5d$ ) dang]s4 ,"o ( ! olde/ me?ods ( pres]vation is ! saturation ( ! c>bide ) petroleum4 ,9 us+ su* c>bide a lay] ( petroleum =ms on ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ! g5]ator1 :i* prev5ts ! wat] f evaporat+1 ?us limit+ ! subsequ5t g5]ation ( acetyl5e f ! rema9+ c>bide4 ,in/ead ( petroleum _m o!r sub/ances h be5 propos$ :i* answ] ! purpose equally well1 e4 g41 toluol1 oils1 solid bodies1 :i* previ\sly h to be liquefi$1 su* z /e>9e1 p>aff9e1 ros91 etc4 ,( a diff]5t nature is a m$ium (f]$ by ,ltang ( ,p>is4 ,he employs sug> or sac*>9e bodies to :i* he adds1 if necess>y1 a little petroleum1 turp5t9e1 vasel9e1 or v>ni% ( any k9d1 z well z *alk1 lime/one1 talc1 sulphur1 or s&4 ,! c>bide is coat$ ) ?is mixture4 ,! sac*>9e sub/ances dissolve 9 ! g5]at+ wat]1 & also h a dissolv+ action on ! slak$ lime1 :i* is =m$ by ! decomposition ( ! c>bide :i* admits ( its easy removal4 ,accord+ to ano!r process c>bide is put on ! m>ket 9 su* a %ape t1 )\t weigh+1 m]ely by c\nt+ or measur+ "o is 9 a position to use equival5t quantities = e *>ge4 ,ge>+ ca/s molt5 c>bide 9 ! %ape ( b>s1 & p\rs a lay] ( gelat91 glue1 & wat] soluble v>ni% ov] ! c>bide b>s4 ,o!rs make %ells conta9+ a c]ta9 quantity ( r$uc$ c>bide4 ,= ?is ord9>y & v>ni%$ pa/ebo>d1 wax pap]1 t9foil1 ?9 %eet z9c1 & simil> sub/ances may be us$ :i* w>d (f atmosph]ic moi/ure1 ?us protect+ ! c>bide f premature decomposition4 ,be=e use1 ! c>tridge-l %ell is pi]c$ or cut op51 s t ! wat] c get at ! cont5ts4 ,! m or less r$uc$ c>bide is fill$ 9 ! %ell1 ei!r )\t any admixture or unit$ into a compact mass by a b9d+ ag5t1 su* z colophony1 pit*1 t>1 s&1 etc4 ,deodorization ( ,calcium ,c>bide4--,calcium c>bide is kn[n to possess a v unpleasant odor because x con/antly develops small quantities ( impure acetyl5e 9 contact ) ! moi/ure ( ! air4 ,le ,roy1 ( ,r\51 proposes = portable--especially bicycle--lamps1 9 :i* ! evil is m noticeable ?an 9 l>ge plants1 simply to p\r "s petroleum ov] ! c>bide & to p\r (f ! rema9d] n absorb$4 ,! petroleum1 to :i* x is well to add "s nitro-b5zol 7mirbane ess5ce71 prev5ts ! access ( air to ! c>bide1 b p]mits a v satisfactory g5]ation ( gas on admission ( wat]4 ,,calcium ,,sulphide 7,,lum9\s73 ,see ,pa9ts4 ,,calfsk93 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,cam]a ,,r5ovation3 ,see ,photography4 ,,camphor ,,prep>ations3 ,fragrant ,naph?al5e ,camphor4-- ,naph?al5e :ite1 9 scales #c1jjj p>ts ,camphor #a1jjj p>ts ,melt on ! /eam ba? & add to ! hot mass3 ,c\m>9 #b p>ts ,mirbane oil #aj p>ts ,ca/ 9 plates or compress$ tablets4 ,! prep>ation is employ$ z a mo? prev5tive4 ,p[d]$ ,camphor 9 ,p]man5t ,=m4--,i4--,p[d] ! camphor 9 ! usual mann]1 ) ! addition ( a little alcohol4 ,:5 x is ne>ly r$uc$ to ! prop] degree ( f95ess add a few drops ( fluid petrolatum & imm$iately triturate aga94 ,9 ?is mann] a p[d] z f9e z fl\r is obta9$1 :i* does n cake toge!r4 ,?is p[d]$ camphor may be us$ = all purposes except = solution 9 alcohol1 z x w imp>t to ! latt] a fa9t opalesc5ce1 ow+ to ! insolubility ( ! petrolatum4 ,,ii4--,take equal p>ts ( /rong e!r & alcohol to r$uce ! camphor to p[d]4 ,x is claim$ = ?is me?od t x only takes "o-half ( ! "t requir$ :5 alcohol alone is us$1 & t ! camphor dries m quickly4 ,be=e sift+ add #a p] c5t ( :ite vasel9e & #e p] c5t ( sug> ( milk4 ,triturate fairly dry1 spread out 9 ! air1 say #ae m9utes1 !n pass ?r\gh a mod]ately f9e wire sieve1 us+ a /ubby %av+ bru% to assi/ 9 work+ x ?r\gh4 #ade ,camphor ,pomade-- ,oil ( bitt] almonds #a dra*m ,oil ( cloves #bj drops ,camphor #a #a_/b ounces ,:ite wax #d ounces ,l>d1 prep>$ #a p\nd ,melt ! wax & l>d toge!r1 !n add ! camphor 9 saturat$ solution 9 _s2 put 9 ! oils :5 ne>ly cold4 ,camphor ,ice4-- ,i4--,:ite wax #af p>ts ,b5zoat$ suet #dh p>ts ,camphor1 p[d]$ #h p>ts ,ess5tial oil1 to p]fume4 ,melt ! wax & suet toge!r4 ,:5 ne>ly cold1 add ! camphor & p]fume1 mix well1 & p\r into molds4 ,,ii4--,oil ( almond #af p>ts ,:ite wax #d p>ts ,sp]maceti #d p>ts ,p>aff9e #h p>ts ,camphor1 p[d]$ #a "p ,p]fume1 quantity suffici5t4 ,dissolve ! camphor 9 ! oil by ! aid ( a g5tle heat4 ,melt ! solids toge!r1 remove1 & let cool1 b be=e ! mixture beg9s to set add ! camphorat$ oil & ! p]fume1 mix1 & p\r into molds4 ,,iii4--,/e>9e 7/e>ic acid7 #h p\nds ,l>d #aj p\nds ,:ite wax #e p\nds ,sp]maceti #e p\nds ,melt on a wat] ba? 9 an e>!n or porcela9 di%2 /ra9 into a simil> vessel2 add a solution ( #b ounces p[d]$ borax 9 #a p\nd ( glyc]9e1 previ\sly w>m$1 to ! melt$ sub/ance :5 at ! po9t ( cool+2 /ir well2 add camphor1 #b p\nds1 p[d]$ by means ( alcohol1 #c ounces2 /ir well & p\r into molds4 ,,camphor ,,sub/itutes ,,9 ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,celluloid3 ,see ,celluloid4 ,,camphor ,,& ,,rhub>b ,,z ,a ,,rem$y ,,= ,,*ol]a3 ,see ,*ol]a ,rem$ies4 ,,c ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,can>y-,,bird ,,pa/e4 ,! foll[+ is a =mula mu* us$ by ,g]man can>y-bird rais]s3 ,sweet almonds1 blan*$ #af p>ts ,pea meal #cb p>ts ,butt]1 fre% 7unsalt$7 #c p>ts ,honey1 quantity suffici5t to make a /iff pa/e4 ,! +r$i5ts are work$ into a /iff pa/e1 :i* is press$ ?r\gh a col&] or l>ge sieve to granulate ! mass4 ,"s add to e #e p\nds1 #aj or #ae gra9s ( saffron & ! yolks ( #b eggs4 ,,can>y ,,birds ,,& ,,_! ,,diseases3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,c&les3 ,color+ ,c]es9e ,c&les = ! ,*ri/mas ,tree4--,= color+ ^! c&les only dye /uffs soluble 9 oil c be employ$4 ,blue3 #bc-bd lav5d] blue1 pale or d>k1 #ajj-abj p>ts p] #e1jjj p>ts ( c]es9e4 ,violet3 #bf fa/ violet ,r1 #aej p>ts p] #e1jjj p>ts ( c]es9e4 ,silv] gray3 #bi silv] gray1 #aej p>ts p] #e1jjj p>ts ( c]es9e4 ,yell[ & orange3 #cj wax yell[1 m$ium1 #bjj p>ts p] #e1jjj p>ts ( c]es9e2 #fa old gold1 #bjj p>ts p] #e1jjj p>ts ( c]es9e4 ,p9k & r$3 #bg pea*-p9k1 or #bi *amois1 ab\t #ajj p>ts p] #e1jjj p>ts ( c]es9e4 ,gre53 #af-ag brilliant gre51 #cc ,may gre51 #da ,may gre51 #bjj-bej p>ts p] #e1jjj p>ts ( c]es9e4 ,! above-nam$ colors %\ld be gr\nd 9 oil & ! c]es9e t9t$ ) !m aft]w>ds4 ,manufacture ( ,composite ,p>aff9e ,c&les4--,?ree p>ts ( hydroxy-/e>ic acid are dissolv$ 9 #a "p ( a suitable solv5t 7e4 g41 /e>ic acid71 & ! solution is mix$ ) p>aff9e wax to =m a /ock = ! manufacture ( composite c&les4 ,transp>5t ,c&les4--,! foll[+ are two recipes giv5 9 a ,g]man pat5t specification4 ,! figures d5ote p>ts by weight3 ,i4--,p>aff9e wax1 #gj2 /e>9e1 #ae2 petroleum1 #ae4 ,,ii4--,p>aff9e wax1 #ij2 /e>9e1 #e2 petroleum1 #e4 ,recipe ,i ( c\rse gives c&les m transp>5t ?an does recipe ,,ii4 ,! #ae p] c5t may be reg>d$ z ! extreme limit consi/5t ) prop] solidity ( ! c&les4 ,to ,prev5t ! ,trickl+ ( ,burn+ ,c&les4--,dip ! c&les 9 ! foll[+ mixture3 ,magnesium sulphate #ae p>ts ,dextr9 #ae p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,! solution dries quickly & does n affect ! burn+ ( ! c&le4 #adf ,c&le ,color+4--,c&les are color$ ei!r ?r\gh\t or !y sometimes consi/ ( a :ite body t is cov]$ ) a color$ lay] ( p>aff9e wax4 ,accord+ to ! mat]ial f :i* c&les are made 7/e>9e1 p>aff9e1 or ozok]ite71 ! process ( color+ v>ies4 ,/e>9e1 ow+ to its acid "*1 dissolves ! coal-t> colors mu* m readily ?an d ! p]fectly neutral p>aff9e & ozok]ite waxes4 ,= color+ /e>9e ! necess>y quantity ( ! color is add$ to ! melt$ mass & well /irr$ 92 if ! solution effect$ happ5s to be incomplete1 a small addition ( alcohol w prove an effective rem$y4 ,x is also an advantage to dissolve ! colors previ\sly 9 alcohol & add ! conc5trat$ solution to ! melt$ /e>9e4 ,! alcohol soon evaporates1 & has no injuri\s effect on ! quality ( ! /e>9e4 ,= a numb] ( ye>s !re h be5 on ! m>ket s-call$ 8fat colors10 =m$ by mak+ conc5trat$ solutions ( ! color1 & also special prep>ations ( ! colors 9 /e>9e4 ,!y are m easily appli$1 & are1 !re=e1 pref]r$ to ! p[d]$ anil9e colors1 :i* are apt to cause tr\ble by be+ accid5tally di/ribut$ 9 soluble p>ticles1 :]e !y are n want$4 ,s9ce p>aff9e & ozok]ite dissolve comp>atively little1 !y w n become color$1 & s mu/ be color$ indirectly4 ,"o way is to dissolve ! color 9 oleic acid or 9 /e>9e acid & add ! solution to ! wax to be color$4 ,turp5t9e may be employ$ = ! same purpose4 ,conc]n+ ! colors suitable = c&les1 !re are ! eos9e colors previ\sly m5tion$1 & also *rol9e yell[1 auram9e1 tanil9e blue1 t>traz9e1 brilliant gre51 etc4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 blea*es s rapidly t x c h>dly be recomm5d$4 ,an int]e/+ ph5om5on is ! *ange "s colors und]go 9 a w>m temp]ature2 = in/ance1 "s blues turn r$ at a mod]ate degree ( heat 7#abj ,f47 & return to blue only :5 completely cool$ (f2 ?is w be notic$ :ile ! c&le mixture is be+ melt$ previ\s to mold+ into c&les4 ,,c&les 7,,fumigat+73 ,see ,fumigants4 ,,c&y ,,colors ,,& ,,flavors3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,c&y3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,canvas ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,ca\t*\c3 ,see ,rubb]4 ,,ca\t*\c ,,solution ,,= ,,pa9ts3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,capp+ ,,mixtures ,,= ,,bottles3 ,see ,bottle-,capp+ ,mixtures4 ,,capsule ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,c>amel3 ,cl\dless ,c>amel ,color+4--,i4--,:5 x is p]fectly und]/ood t 9 ! manufacture ( c>amel1 sug> is to be depriv$ ( ! "o molecule ( its wat] ( con/itution1 x w be app>5t t heat mu/ n be c>ri$ on to ! po9t ( c>bonization4 ,cl\dy c>amel is due to ! fact t "p ( ! sug> has be5 dissociat$ & r$uc$ to c>bon1 :i* is insoluble 9 wat]4 ,h5ce ! cl\d9ess4 ,c>amel may be made on a small scale 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,place #d or #e ounces ( granulat$ sug> 9 a %all[ porcela9-l9$ evaporat+ di% & apply ei!r a direct heat or t ( an oil ba?1 cont9u+ ! heat until c>amelization takes place or until tumesc5ce ceases & ! mass has assum$ a d>k-br[n color4 ,!n c>efully add suffici5t wat] to br+ ! viscid mass to ! consi/5ce ( a heavy syrup4 ,extreme c>e mu/ be tak5 & ! face & h&s protect$ dur+ ! addition ( ! wat]1 ow+ to ! int5sity ( ! heat ( ! mass1 & consequ5t sputt]+4 ,,ii4--,! ord9>y sug> color+ mat]ial is made f sug> or glucose by heat+ x1 :ile be+ con/antly /irr$1 up to a temp]ature ( ab\t #dje ,f4 ,a metal pan capable ( hold+ ne>ly t5 times z mu* z ! sug> us$1 is necess>y s z to reta9 ! mass 9 its swoll5 condition4 ,z soon z x fro?s up s z ne>ly to fill ! pan1 an action :i* occurs sudd5ly1 ! fire mu/ in/antly be ext+ui%$ or remov$4 ,! f9i%$ product w be insoluble if m ?an ab\t #ae p] c5t ( its weight is driv5 (f by ! heat4 ,,c>amel ,,9 ,,food3 ,see ,food4 ,,c>amels3 ,see ,confection]y4 #adg ,,c>bolic ,,acid4 ,p]fum$ ,c>bolic ,acid4-- ,i4--,c>bolic acid 7cry/47 #a ounce ,alcohol #a ounce ,oil b]gamot #aj m9ims ,oil eucalyptus #aj m9ims ,oil citronella #c m9ims ,t9cture cudbe> #aj m9ims ,wat]1 to make #aj ounces ,set aside = sev]al days1 & !n filt] ?r\gh full]'s e>?4 ,,ii4--,c>bolic acid 7cry/47 #d dra*ms ,cologne wat] #d dra*ms ,dilute acetic acid #i ounces ,keep 9 a cool place = a few days1 & filt]4 ,treatm5t ( ,c>bolic-,acid ,burns4--,?or\ghly wa% ! h&s ) alcohol1 & ! burn+ & t+l+ w almo/ imm$iately cease4 ,unless employ$ imm$iately1 h[ev]1 ! alcohol has no effect4 ,:5 ! "t elaps$ s9ce ! burn+ is too great = alcohol to be ( value1 bru% ! burns ) a saturat$ solution ( picric acid 9 wat]4 ,decolorization ( ,c>bolic ,acid4--,to decolorize ! acid ! foll[+ simple me?od is recomm5d$4 ,= purify+ c>bolic acid :i* has already become q br[n-r$ on acc\nt ( hav+ be5 kept 9 a t9 vessel1 ! receptacle is expos$ = a %ort "t to a temp]ature ( #be ,c4 7#gg ,f471 ?us caus+ only a "p ( ! cont5ts to melt4 ,9 ?is /ate ! acid is put into glass funnels & left to /& = #aj to #ab days 9 a room :i* is likewise kept at ! above temp]ature4 ,cle> :ite cry/als =m f ! dripp+s1 :i* rema9$ un*ang$1 protect$ f air & light1 :ile by repeat+ ! same process m cle> cry/als are obta9$ f ! solidifi$ d>k color$ "m lye4 ,9 ?is mann] #ge to #hj p] c5t ( cle> product is obta9$ altoge!r4 ,disguis+ ,odor ( ,c>bolic ,acid4--,any /rong] smell+ sub/ance w disguise ! odor ( c>bolic acid1 to an ext5t at lea/1 b x is a difficult odor to disguise on acc\nt ( its p]si/5ce4 ,camphor & "s ( ! volatile oils1 su* z pepp]m9t1 cajeput1 c>away1 clove1 & w9t]gre5 may be us$4 ,to ,re/ore ,r$d5$ ,c>bolic ,acid4--,demont's me?od consi/s 9 melt+ ! acid on ! wat] ba?1 add+ #ab p] c5t ( alcohol ( #ie p] c5t1 lett+ cool d[n &1 aft] ! great] "p ( ! sub/ance has cry/alliz$ out1 decant+ ! liquid residue4 ,! cry/als obta9$ 9 ?is mann] are sn[y :ite1 & on be+ melt$ yield a ne>ly colorless liquid4 ,! alcohol may be recov]$ by r$i/illation at a l[ temp]ature4 ,?is is a r co/ly proc$ure4 ,,c>bolic ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,c>bol9eum3 ,see also ,pa9ts & ,wood4 ,prep>ation ( ,c>bol9eum4--,i4--,melt toge!r #ej p>ts ( ,am]ican ros9 7,f7 & #aej p>ts ( pale p>aff9e oil 7yell[ oil71 & add1 ) /irr+1 #bj p>ts ( ros9 oil 7rectifi$74 ,,ii4--,sixty p>ts1 by weight1 ( black coal t> oil ( a specific gravity high] ?an #a4aj2 #be p>ts1 by weight1 ( creosote oil2 #be p>ts1 by weight1 ( bee*wood t> oil ( a high] specific weight ?an #j4i4 ,mix toge!r & heat to ab\t #cdg ,f41 or until ! fumes giv5 (f beg9 to deposit soot4 ,! result+ c>bol9eum is br[n1 & ( some:at ?ick consi/5cy2 :5 cool x is ready = use & is pack$ 9 casks4 ,?is improv$ c>bol9eum is appli$ to wood or masonry ) a bru%2 ! surfaces treat$ dry quickly1 v soon loose ! odor ( ! c>bol9eum1 & are effectively protect$ f dampness & =mation ( fungi4 ,,c>bon ,,pr9t+3 ,see ,photography4 ,,c>bon ,,process ,,9 ,,photography3 ,see ,photography4 ,,c>bonyle3 ,see ,wood4 ,,c>buncle ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,boil ,rem$y4 ,,c>ds 7,,play+71 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,c>dbo>d1 ,,wat]pro( ,,glue ,,=3 ,see ,adhesives "u ,cem5ts & ,wat]pro( ,glues4 ,,c>dbo>d1 ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,c>m9atives3 ,see ,pa9 ,kill]s4 ,,c>pet ,,pres]vation3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,c>pet ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 #adh ,,c>riage-,,top ,,dress+3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,c>ron ,,oil3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,case ,,h>d5+3 ,see ,/eel4 ,case9 ,dri$ ,case91 its ,manufacture & ,uses4--,= ! production ( case91 skimm$ milk or butt]milk is us$1 articles ( slight value1 z !y _c be employ$ = fe$+ hogs or = mak+ *eese1 except ( a v inf]ior sort1 ( little or no alim5tive qualities4 ,?is milk is heat$ to f #gj to #ij ,c4 7#age-aie ,f471 & sulphuric or hydro*loric acid is add$ until x no long] causes precipitation4 ,! precipitate is wa%$ to free x f residual lactose1 r$issolv$ 9 a sodium c>bonate solution1 & aga9 precipitat$1 ?is "t by lactic acid4 ,x is aga9 wa%$1 dri$1 & pulv]iz$4 ,x takes #h gallons ( skimm$ milk to make #a p\nd ( dry case94 ,9 ! manufacture ( fancy pap]s1 or pap]s t are made to imitate ! appe>ance ( v>i\s clo?s1 laces1 & silks1 case9 is v widely us$4 ,x is also l>gely us$ 9 wat]pro(+ tissues1 = prep>ation ( wat]pro( products1 & v>i\s articles prep>$ f agglom]ation ( cork 7pack+ bo>ds1 etc474 ,) lime wat] case9 makes a glue t resi/s heat1 /eam1 etc4 ,x also ent]s into ! manufacture ( ! v>i\s articles made f artificial ivory 7billi>d balls1 combs1 toilet boxes1 etc471 imitation ( celluloid1 me]s*aum1 etc41 & is f9d+ new uses e day4 ,case91 z kn[n1 may act ! "p ( an acid & comb9e ) bases to =m case9ates or caseates2 among ^! comp\nds1 case9ates ( pota%1 ( soda1 & ( ammonia are ! only ones soluble 9 wat]2 all ! o!rs are insoluble & may be readily prep>$ by d\ble decomposition4 ,?us1 = example1 to obta9 case9ate ( alum9a x is suffici5t to add to a solution ( case9 9 cau/ic soda1 a solution ( sulphate ( alum9a2 an insoluble precipitate ( case91 or case9ate ( alum9a1 is in/antly =m$4 ,?is precipitate ought to be fre$ f ! sulphate ( soda 7=m$ by d\ble decomposition71 by means ( prolong$ wa%+4 ,pure1 ord9>y cellulose may be incorporat$ ) x by ?is process1 produc+ a new comp\nd1 *eap] ?an pure cellulose1 al?\gh possess+ ! same prop]ties1 & capable ( replac+ x 9 all its applications4 ,accord+ to ! results desir$1 9 transp>5cy1 color1 h>dness1 etc41 ! mo/ suitable case9ate %\ld be select$4 ,?us1 if a transluc5t comp\nd is to be obta9$1 ! case9ate ( alum9a yields ! be/4 ,if a :ite comp\nd is desir$1 ! case9ate ( z9c1 or ( magnesia1 %\ld be *os52 & = color$ products ! case9ates ( iron1 copp]1 & nickel w give v>i$ t9ts4 ,! process employ$ = ! new products1 ) a base ( celluloid & case9ate1 is z foll[s3 ,on "o h& case9 is dissolv$ 9 a solution ( cau/ic soda 7#ajj p>ts ( wat] = #aj to #be p>ts ( soda71 & ?is liquid is filt]$ to sep>ate ! matt]s n dissolv$ & ! impurities4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a salt ( ! base ( :i* ! case9ate is desir$ is dissolv$1 & ! solution filt]$4 ,x is well n to op]ate on too conc5trat$ a solution4 ,! two solutions are mix$ 9 a receptacle provid$ ) a me*anical /irr]1 9 ord] to obta9 ! insoluble case9ate precipitate 9 z f9ely divid$ a /ate z possible4 ,?is precipitate %\ld be wa%$ ?or\ghly1 s z to free x f ! soda salt =m$ by d\ble decomposition1 b on acc\nt ( its gummy or pa/y /ate1 ?is wa%+ pres5ts c]ta9 difficulties1 & %\ld be done c>efully4 ,aft] ! wa%+ ! mass is fre$ f ! great] "p ( wat] conta9$1 by dra9+1 foll[$ by dry+1 or en]getic press+2 !n x is wa%$ 9 alcohol1 dri$ or press$ aga91 & is ready to be incorporat$ 9 ! pla/ic mass ( ! celluloid4 ,= ! latt] imm]sion & wa%+ x has be5 f\nd t an addition ( #a to #e p] c5t ( borax is advantage\s1 = x r5d]s ! mass m pla/ic1 & facilitates ! op]ation ( mix+4 ,?is may be conduct$ 9 a mix+ app>atus2 b1 9 practice1 x is f\nd pref]able to effect x ) a roll+ mill1 op]at+ z foll[s3 ,! nitro-cellulose is introduc$ 9 ! pla/ic /ate1 & moi/5$ ) a solution ( camphor 9 alcohol 7#dj to #ej p>ts ( camphor 9 #ej to #gj ( alcohol = #ajj ( nitro-cellulose7 z x is practic$ 9 celluloid factories4 ,?is pla/ic mass ( nitro-cellulose is plac$ 9 a roll+ mill1 ! cyl9d]s ( :i* are slightly heat$ at ! same "t z ! case9ate1 prep>$ z above2 !n ! :ole mass is work$ by ! cyl9d]s until ! mixture ( ! two #adi is p]fectly homog5e\s1 & ! f9al mass is suffici5tly h>d to be drawn out 9 leaves 9 ! same way z practic$ = pure celluloid4 ,^! leaves are plac$ 9 hydraulic presses1 :]e !y are compress$1 fir/ hot1 !n cold1 & ! block ?us =m$ is aft]w>ds cut into leaves ( ! ?ickness desir$4 ,^! leaves are dri$ 9 an app>atus 9 ! same way z ord9>y celluloid4 ,! product resembles celluloid1 & has all its prop]ties4 ,at #ij to #ajj ,c4 7#aid to #bab ,f471 x becomes q pla/ic1 & is easily mold$4 ,x may be saw$1 fil$1 turn$1 & c>v$ )\t difficulty1 & takes on a sup]b poli%4 ,x burns less readily ?an celluloid1 & its combu/ibility dim9i%es 9 proportion z ! p]c5tage ( case9ate increases2 f9ally1 ! co/ price is less ?an t ( celluloid1 & by us+ a l>ge proportion ( case9ate1 products may be manufactur$ at an extremely l[ co/4 ,phosphate ( ,case9 & its ,production4--,! process is design$ to produce a /rongly acid comp\nd ( phosphoric acid & case91 practically /able & n hydroscopic1 :i* may be employ$ z an acid +r$i5t 9 bak]s' yea/ & = o!r purposes4 ,! phosphoric acid may be obta9$ by any conv5i5t me?od2 = example1 by decompos+ dicalcic or monocalcic phosphate ) sulphuric acid4 ,! comm]cial phosphoric acid may also be employ$4 ,! case9 may be precipitat$ f ! skimm$ milk by means ( a suitable acid1 & %\ld be wa%$ ) cold wat] to remove impurities4 ,a case9ate may also be employ$1 su* z a comp\nd ( case9 & an alkali or an alkal9e e>?4 ,! new comp\nd is produc$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,a suffici5t quantity ( phosphoric acid is incorporat$ ) ! case9 or a case9ate 9 su* a way z to insure suffici5t acidity 9 ! result+ comp\nd4 ,! employm5t ( #bc to #be p>ts by weight ( phosphoric acid ) #ge to #gg p>ts ( case9 con/itutes a good proportion4 ,an aque\s solution ( phosphoric acid is made1 & ! case9 introduc$ 9 ! proportion ( #be to #ej p] c5t ( ! weight ( ! phosphoric acid pres5t4 ,! mixture is !n heat$ till ! curdl$ =m ( ! case9 disappe>s1 & x assumes a uni=m fluid =m4 ,!n ! mixture is conc5trat$ to a syrupy consi/5cy4 ,! rema9d] ( ! case9 or ( ! case9ate is add$ & mix$ ) ! solution until x is intimately incorporat$ & ! mass becomes uni=m4 ,! comp\nd is dri$ 9 a curr5t ( hot air1 or 9 any o!r way t w n discolor x1 & x is gr\nd to a f9e p[d]4 ,! intimate union ( ! phosphoric acid & case9 dur+ ! gradual conc5tration ( ! mixture & dur+ ! gr9d+ & dry+1 removes ! hydroscopic prop]ty ( ! phosphoric acid1 & produces a dry & /able product1 :i* may be reg>d$ z a hyp]phosphate ( case94 ,:5 x is mix$ ) wat]1 x swells & dissolves sl[ly4 ,:5 ?is comp\nd is m+l$ ) its equival5t ( sodium bic>bonate x yields ab\t #ag p] c5t ( gas4 ,,case9 ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,case9 ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,casks3 ,to ,r5d] ,%runk5 ,wood5 ,casks ,wat]tight4--,:5 a wood5 receptacle has dri$ up x naturally _c hold ! wat] p\r$ into x = ! purpose ( swell+ x1 & ! p\r+ has to be repeat$ _m times be=e ! desir$ end is rea*$4 ,a mu* quick] way is to /uff ! receptacle full ( /raw or bad hay1 lay+ a /one on top & !n fill+ ! vessel ) wat]4 ,al?\gh ! wat] runs (f aga91 ! moi/5$ /raw rema9s beh9d & greatly assi/s ! swell+ up ( ! wood4 ,,cassius1 ,,purple ,,(3 ,see ,gold4 ,,casket ,,trimm+s3 ,see ,ca/+s4 ,,ca/s 7,,pla/]71 ,,pres]vation ,,(3 ,see ,pla/]4 ,,ca/s1 ,,repair+ ,,( ,,brok53 ,see ,adhesives & ,lutes4 ,,ca/s ,,f ,,wax ,,models3 ,see ,model+4 ,ca/+ ,ca/+s ,out ( ,v>i\s ,metals4--,until rec5t ye>s metal ca/+s 7 all made 9 s& molds2 t is1 ! patt]ns 7 us$ = ! impressions 9 ! s&1 ! same z iron ca/+s are produc$ to-day4 ,ne>ly all ( ! s(t] metals are n[ ca/ 9 brass1 copp]1 z9c1 or iron molds1 & only ! silv] #aej & ,g]man silv] articles1 l wire real bronze1 are ca/ ! old way1 9 s&4 ,alum9um c be readily ca/ 9 iron molds1 especially if ! molds h be5 previ\sly heat$ to ne>ly ! same temp]ature z ! molt5 alum9um1 & aft] ! molds are full ! metal is cool$ gradually & ! ca/+ tak5 out z soon z cool$ en\gh to prev5t break+ f ! %r9kage4 ,l>ge bicycle frames h be5 successfully ca/ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! ,fr5* bronzes1 :i* are imitations1 are ca/ 9 copp] or brass molds4 ,! mat]ial us$ is pr9cipally z9c & t91 & an unlimit$ numb] ( ca/+s c be made 9 ! mold1 b if a real bronze piece is to be produc$ x mu/ be out ( copp] & ! mold made 9 s&4 ,to make ! ca/+s holl[1 ) s&1 a core is requir$4 ,?is fills ! inside ( ! figure s t ! molt5 copp] runs ar\nd x1 & z ! core is made out ( s&1 ! same c be aft]w>ds wa%$ out4 ,if ! ca/+ is to be holl[ & is to be ca/ 9 a metal mold1 !n ! process is v simple4 ,! mold is fill$ ) molt5 metal1 & :5 ! op]ator ?9ks ! desir$ ?ickness has cool$ next to ! walls1 he p\rs out ! balance4 ,an exp]i5c$ man c make holl[ ca/+s 9 ?is way1 & make ! walls ( any ?ickness4 ,casket h>dw>e trimm+s1 :i* are s ext5sively us$ on c(f9s1 especially ! h&les1 are ne>ly all ca/ out ( t9 & antimony1 & 9 brass molds4 ,! metal us$ is brittle1 & requires /r5g!n+ at ! weak portions1 & ?is is mo/ly done ) wood fill+ or ) iron rods1 :i* are secur$ 9 ! molds be=e ! metal is p\r$ 94 ,alum9um ca/+s1 :i* "o has procur$ at ! f\ndries1 are usually alloy$ ) z9c4 ,?is has a close aff9ity ) alum9um1 & alloys readily2 b ?is mixture is a detrim5t & causes mu* tr\ble aft]w>ds4 ,:ile ?is alloy assi/s ! mold] to produce 8 ca/+s easily1 on ! o!r h& x w n poli% well & w corrode 9 a %ort "t4 ,^? difficulties may be avoid$ if pure alum9um is us$4 ,pla/] ( ,p>is molds are ! easie/ made = pieces :]e only a few ca/+s are want$4 ,! only difficulty is t x requires a few days to dry ! pla/] ?or\ghly1 & t is absolutely necess>y to use !m successfully4 ,n only c ! s(t] metals be run into pla/] molds1 b gold & silv] c be run into !m4 ,a pla/] mold %\ld be well smok$ ov] a gaslight1 or until well cov]$ ) a lay] ( soot1 & ! metal %\ld be p\r$ 9 z cool a /ate z x w run4 ,to ,prev5t ! ,adhesion ( ,model+ ,s& to ,ca/+s4--,use a mixture ( f9ely gr\nd coke & graphite4 ,al?\gh ! =m] mat]ial is highly por\s1 possess+ ?is quality ev5 z a f9e p[d]1 & ! f9e pulv]ization is a difficult op]ation1 /ill ! inv5tion atta9s its purpose ( produc+ an absolutely smoo? surface4 ,?is is accompli%$ by mix+ bo? sub/ances intimately & add+ melt$ ros91 :]eupon ! :ole mass is expos$ to heat1 s t ! ros9 decomposes1 its c>bon residue fill+ up ! f9e/ pores ( ! coke4 ,! ros91 9 melt+1 c>ries ! f9e graphite p>ticles along into ! pores4 ,aft] cool+ ! mass is fir/ gr\nd 9 edge mills1 !n aga9 9 a suitable mann] & sift$4 ,surpris+ results are obta9$ ) ?is mat]ial4 ,x is advisable to take proportionately little graphite1 z ! diff]5t co-effici5ts ( expansion ( ! two sub/ances may easily ex]cise a di/urb+ action4 ,"o-fif? ( graphite1 9 respect to ! :ole mass1 gives ! be/ results1 b x is advisable to add pl5ty ( ros94 ,! liquid mixture mu/1 be=e burn+1 possess ! consi/5cy ( mort>4 ,s& ,holes 9 ,ca/-,brass ,"w4--,ca/-brass "w1 :5 x pres5ts num]\s & deep s& holes1 %\ld be well dipp$ into ! dipp+ acid be=e be+ poli%$1 9 ord] ?or\ghly to clean ^! objectionable cavities2 & ! poli%+ %\ld be pu%$ to an ext5t suffici5t to oblit]ate ! small] s& holes1 if possible1 z ?is class ( "w looks v unsightly1 :5 plat$ & f9i%$1 if pitt$ all ov] ) m9ute holl[s4 ,! l>g] holes _c1 )\t consid]able labor1 be oblit]at$2 inde$1 x n infrequ5tly happ5s t 9 endeavor+ to "w out su* cavities !y become enl>g$1 z !y (t5 ext5d deep into ! body ( ! metal4 ,an exp]i5c$ h& kn[s h[ f> he d>e g 9 poli%+ "w ( ?is awkw>d "*4 ,black ,wa% = ,ca/+ ,molds4--,gumlac1 #a "p2 wood _s1 #b p>ts2 lampblack1 9 suffici5t quantity to color4 ,h[ to ,make a ,pla/] ,ca/ ( a ,co9 or ,m$al4--,! mo/ exact obs]vance ( any writt5 or pr9t$ directions is no gu>antee ( success4 ,practice alone c give exp]tness 9 ?is "w4 #aea ,! composition ( ! mold is ( ! mo/ v>i$1 b ! mat]ials mo/ g5]ally us$ are pla/] ( ,p>is & brick du/1 9 ! proportion ( #b p>ts ( ! fir/ to #a ( ! second1 /irr$ 9 wat]1 ) ! addition ( a little sal ammoniac4 ,! be/ quality ( pla/] = ?is purpose is ! s-call$ alaba/]1 & ! brick du/ %\ld be z f9ely p[d]$ z possible4 ,! addition ( clay1 dri$ & v f9ely p[d]$1 is recomm5d$4 ,) v delicate objects ! proportion ( pla/] may be slightly increas$4 ,! dry mat]ial %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ be=e ! addition ( wat]4 ,z ! geometrically exact cont\r ( ! co9 or m$al is (t5 ! cause ( break+ ( ! edges1 ! op]ator sometimes uses wax to make ! edges appe> half r\nd & x also all[s ! ca/+ to be m easily remov$ f ! second half ( ! mold4 ,ea* half ( ! mold %\ld be ab\t ! ?ickness ( ! f+]4 ,! keys1 s call$1 ( e pla/] ca/+ mu/ n be =gott54 ,9 ! fir/ ca/+ "s little half-sph]ical cavities %\ld be scoop$ out1 :i* w appe> 9 ! second half-r\nd knobs1 & :i*1 by engag+ ) ! depressions1 w ensure exactness 9 ! f9i%$ mold4 ,aft] ! pla/] has set1 cut a canal = ! fl[ ( ! molt5 ca/+ mat]ial1 !n dry ! mold ?or\ghly 9 an ov5 /rongly heat$4 ,! halves are n[ ready to be b\nd toge!r ) a light wire4 ,:5 b\nd heat ! mold gradually & sl[ly & let ! m\? ( ! canal rema9 und]nea? :ile ! heat+ is 9 progress1 9 ord] to prev5t ! possible entry ( dirt or =eign matt]4 ,! heat+ %\ld be cont9u$ z long z !re is a suspicion ( rema9+ moi/ure4 ,:5 f9ally assur$ ( ?is fact1 take out ! mold1 op5 x1 & bl[ x out1 to make sure ( absolute cleanness4 ,close & b9d aga9 & place on a he>? ( f9e1 hot s&4 ,! mold %\ld /ill be gl[+ :5 ! ca/+ is made4 ,! ladle %\ld conta9 pl5ty ( metal1 s z to hold ! heat :ile ! ca/+ is be+ made4 ,! pres5ce ( a little z9c 9 ! metal ensures a %>p ca/+4 ,f9ally1 to ensure success1 x is always bett] to provide two molds 9 case ( accid5t4 ,ev5 ! mo/ practic$ metal mold]s take ?is precaution1 especially :5 ca/+ delicate objects4 ,h[ to ,make ,ca/+s ( ,insects4--,! object--a dead beetle1 = example--is fir/ arrang$ 9 a natural position1 & ! feet are connect$ ) an oval rim ( wax4 ,x is !n fix$ 9 ! c5t] ( a pap] or wood5 box by means ( pieces ( f9e wire1 s t x is p]fectly free1 & ?ick] wires are run f ! sides ( ! box to ! object1 :i* subsequ5tly s]ve to =m air *annels 9 ! mold by _! removal4 ,a wood5 /ick1 tap]+ t[>d ! bottom1 is plac$ ^u ! back ( ! insect to produce a runn] = ca/+4 ,! box is !n fill$ up ) a pa/e ) #c p>ts ( pla/] ( ,p>is & #a ( brick du/1 made up ) a solution ( alum & sal ammoniac4 ,x is also well fir/ to bru% ! object ) ?is pa/e to prev5t ! =mation ( air bubbles4 ,aft] ! mold ?us =m$ has set1 ! object is remov$ f ! int]ior by fir/ r$uc+ x to a%es4 ,x is1 !re=e1 all[$ to dry1 v sl[ly at fir/1 by leav+ 9 ! %ade at a normal temp]ature 7z 9 ,india ?is is mu* high] ?an 9 our zone1 x w be necess>y to place ! mold 9 a mod]ately w>m place71 & aft]w>ds heat+ gradually to a r$ heat4 ,?is inc9]ates ! object1 & melts ! wax5 base ^u :i* x is plac$4 ,! latt] escapes1 & is burn$ z x does s1 & ! object1 r$uc$ to f9e a%es1 is remov$ ?r\gh ! wire holes z sugge/$ above4 ,! ca/+ is !n made 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,ca/+ ( ,s(t ,metal ,ca/+s4--,i4--,x is (t5 difficult to =m flat back or half ca/+s out ( ! s(t] metals s t !y w run full1 ow+ mo/ly to ! ?9 edges & frail connections4 ,in/ead ( us+ solid metal backs = ! molds x is bett] to use c>dbo>d1 or heavy1 smoo? pap]1 fa/5$ to a wood5 bo>d fitt$ to ! back ( ! o!r half ( ! mold4 ,by ?is means v ?9 ca/+s may be produc$ t w\ld be m difficult ) a solid metal back4 ,,ii4--,to obta9 a full ca/+ 9 brass molds = s(t metal two important po9ts %\ld be obs]v$4 ,"o is to h ! deep recesses v5t$ s ! air w escape1 & ! o!r is to h ! mold prop]ly blu$4 ,! blu+ is be/ done by dipp+ ! mold 9 sulphuric acid1 !n plac+ x on a gas /ove until ! mold is a d>k color4 ,unless ?is blu+ is done x w be impossible to obta9 a %>p ca/+4 ,drosses4--,all ! s(t] grades ( metal ?r[ (f consid]able dross1 :i* is usually skimm$ (f2 especially ) t9 & its composition4 ,%\ld mu* ( ?is ga!r on ! top ( ! molt5 #aeb metal1 ! drosses %\ld all be sav$1 & melt$ d[n :5 !re is en\gh = a kettle full4 ,dross may be remelt$ five or six times be=e all ! good metal is out4 ,fuel4--,:]e a good s(t coal c be _h at a l[ price1 z 9 ! middle ,we/1 ?is is p]haps ! *eape/ & easie/ fuel to use2 &1 besides1 x has "s advantages ov] gas1 :i* is s mu* us$ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,a s(t-coal fire c be regulat$ to keep ! metal at an ev5 temp]ature1 & x is especially h&y to keep ! metal 9 a molt5 /ate dur+ ! noon h\r4 ,?is ref]s p>ticul>ly to ! gas furnaces t are op]at$ f ! p[] plant 9 ! %op2 :5 ?is p[] %uts d[n dur+ ! noon h\r ! metal becomes *ill$1 & mu* "t is lo/ by ! remelt+ aft] "o o'clock1 or at ! beg9n+ 9 ! morn+4 ,molds4--,i4--,brass molds = ! ca/+ ( s(t metal ornam5ts out ( britannia1 pewt]1 spelt]1 etc41 %\ld be made out ( brass t conta9s en\gh z9c to produce a light-color$ brass4 ,:ile ?is h>d brass is m difficult = ! mold mak] to cut1 ! sup]iority ov] ! d>k r$ copp]-color$ brass is t x w /& m heat & r\gh] usage & !reby (fset ! extra labor ( cutt+ ! h>d brass4 ,! mold %\ld be heavy en\gh to reta9 suffici5t heat :ile ! work] is remov+ a f9i%$ ca/+ f ! mold s t ! next p\r+ w come full4 ,if ! mold is too light x cools m quickly1 & consequ5tly ! ca/+s are *ill$ & w n run full4 ,:]e ! molds are heavy en\gh !y w admit ! use ( a swab & wat] aft] ea* p\r+4 ,?is *ills ! ca/+ s t x c be remov$ easily ) ! ply]s4 ,,ii4--,molds = ! use ( s(t metal ca/+s may be made out ( s(t metal4 ,?is is done ) articles t are n num]\s1 or n (t5 us$2 & may be look$ ^u z tempor>y4 ,! molds are made 9 "p ! same z :5 ( brass1 & out ( t9 t conta9s z mu* h>d5+ z possible4 ,! h>d5+ consi/s ( antimony & copp]4 ,?is metal mold mu/ be pa9t$ ov] sev]al times ) ,spani% r$1 :i* t5ds to prev5t ! metal f melt+4 ,! metal mu/ n be us$ too hot1 o!rwise x w melt ! mold4 ,by a little c>eful manipulation _m pieces c be ca/ ) ^! molds4 ,,iii4--,new iron or brass molds mu/ be blu$ be=e !y c be us$ = ca/+ purposes4 ,?is is done by plac+ ! mold face d[nw>d on a *>coal fire1 or by swabb+ ) sulphuric acid1 !n plac+ ov] a gas flame or *>coal fire until ! mold is p]fectly oxidiz$4 ,,iv4--,a good sub/antial mold = small ca/+s ( s(t metal is made ( brass4 ,! exp5se ( mak+ ! ca/ mold is consid]able1 h[ev]1 &1 on t acc\nt1 "s manufactur]s are mak+ _! molds by electro-deposition4 ,?is produces a mu* *eap] mold1 :i* c be made v quickly4 ,! electro-deposit$ mold1 h[ev]1 is v frail 9 comp>ison ) a brass ca/+1 & consequ5tly mu/ be h&l$ v c>efully to keep its %ape4 ,! electro-deposit$ ones are made out ( copp]1 & ! backs fill$ 9 ) a s(t] metal4 ,! h&les are secur$ ) screws4 ,pla/] ,molds4--,ca/+s ( any metal c be done 9 a pla/] mold1 provid$ ! mold has dri$1 at a mod]ate heat1 = sev]al days4 ,smoke ! mold well ) a br& ( ros9 to insure a full ca/4 ,:]e !re are only "o or two ornam5ts or figures to ca/1 x may be done 9 a mold made out ( d5tal pla/]4 ,aft] ! mold is made & set en\gh s t x c be tak5 ap>t1 x %\ld be plac$ 9 a w>m place & left to dry = a day or two4 ,:5 ready to use ! inside %\ld be well smok$ ov] a gaslight2 ! mold %\ld be well w>m$ & ! metal mu/ n be too hot4 ,v good ca/+s may be obta9$ ?is way2 ! only objection be+ ! l5g? ( "t ne$$ = a ?or\gh dry+ ( ! mold4 ,temp]ature ( ,metal4--,metals = ca/+ purposes %\ld n be ov]heat$4 ,if any ( ! s(t] metals %[ blue colors aft] cool+ x is an indication t ! metal is too hot4 ,! metal %\ld be heat$ en\gh s t x c be p\r$1 & ! f9i%$ ca/+ h a bright1 clean appe>ance4 ,! mold may be v w>m1 !n ! metal ne$ n be s hot = bright1 clean ca/+s4 ,"s ( ! metals w n /& reheat+ too (t51 z ?is w cause !m to run sluggi%4 ,britannia metal %\ld n be skimm$ or /irr$ too mu*1 o!rwise !re w be too mu* loss 9 ! dross4 ,,ca/+ ,,9 ,,wax3 ,see ,model+4 ,,ca/+s1 ,,to ,,s(t5 ,,iron3 ,see ,iron4 #aec ,,ca/or ,,oil3 ,purify+ ,rancid ,ca/or ,oil4--,to clean rancid ca/or oil mix #ajj p>ts ( ! oil at #ie ,f4 ) a mixture ( #a "p ( alcohol 7#if p] c5t7 & #a "p ( sulphuric acid4 ,all[ to settle = #bd h\rs & !n c>efully decant f ! precipitate4 ,n[ wa% ) w>m wat]1 boil+ = #a_/b h\r2 all[ to settle = #bd h\rs 9 well clos$ vessels1 aft] :i* "t ! purifi$ oil may be tak5 (f4 ,h[ to ,p\r ,out ,ca/or ,oil4--,any "o :o has tri$ to p\r ca/or oil f a squ>e1 #e-;gallon c1 :5 x is full1 kn[s h[ difficult x is to avoid a mess4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 may be avoid$ by hav+ a hole pun*$ 9 ! cap :i* screws onto ! c1 & a tube1 #b in*es long & #c_/d ( an in* 9 diamet]1 sold]$ on4 ,) a wire nail a hole is pun*$ 9 ! top ( ! c betwe5 ! screw cap & ! edge ( ! c4 ,?is w admit air :ile p\r+4 ,re/+ ! c on a table1 ) ! screw-cap tube to ! re>1 ! c is c>efully tilt$ =w>d ) "o h& & ! %op bottle held 9 ! o!r4 ,9 ?is way ! bottle may be fill$ )\t spill+ any ( ! oil & t1 too1 )\t a funnel4 ,x is pref]able to re/ ! c on a table :5 p\r+ f a #a- or #b-;gallon squ>e v>ni% c1 :5 fill+ %op bottles4 ,) ! op5+ to ! re>1 ! c is likewise tilt$ =w>d sl[ly s z to all[ ! surface ( ! liquid to become 8at re/40 ,ev5 mobile liquids1 su* z spirits ( turp5t9e1 may be p\r$ into %op bottles )\t a funnel4 ,( c\rse1 ! ma9 ?+ is t ! c be l[]$ sl[ly1 o!rwise ! fir/ portion may spurt out ov] ! bottle4 ,) #e-;gallon r\nd cans x is possible to fill %op bottles 9 ! same mann] by re/+ ! c on a box or c\nt]4 ,:5 a funnel is us$ = non-greasy liquids1 ! funnel may be slightly rais$ ) ! ?umb & little f+] f ! neck ( ! bottle1 :ile hold+ ! bottle by ! neck betwe5 ! middle & r+ f+]s1 to all[ egress ( air4 ,ta/eless ,ca/or ,oil4-- ,i4--,pure ca/or oil #a p9t ,cologne _s #c fluid\nces ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #dj m9ims ,oil ( sassafras #bj m9ims ,oil ( anise #ae m9ims ,sac*>9e #e gra9s ,hot wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,place ! ca/or oil 9 a gallon bottle4 ,add a p9t ( hot wat] & %ake vigor\sly = ab\t #ae m9utes4 ,!n p\r ! mixture into a vessel ) a /opcock at its base1 & all[ ! mixture to /& = #ab h\rs4 ,draw (f ! oil1 except+ ! la/ portion1 :i* mu/ be reject$4 ,dissolve ! ess5tial oils & sac*>9e 9 ! cologne _s & add to ! wa%$ ca/or oil4 ,,ii4--,fir/ prep>e an aromatic solution ( sac*>9e z foll[s3 ,ref9$ sac*>9e #be p>ts ,vanill9 #e p>ts ,absolute alcohol #iej p>ts ,oil ( c9namon #bj p>ts ,dissolve ! sac*>9e & vanill9 9 ! alcohol1 !n add ! c9namon oil1 agitate well & filt]4 ,( ?is liquid add #bj p>ts to #ihj p>ts ( ca/or oil & mix by agitation4 ,ca/or oil1 l cod-liv] oil1 may be r5d]$ ne>ly ta/eless1 x is claim$1 by treat+ x z foll[s3 ,into a matrass ( suitable size put #ej p>ts ( fre%ly roa/$ c(fee1 gr\nd z f9e z possible1 & #be p>ts ( purifi$ & fre%ly prep>$ bone or ivory black4 ,p\r ov] ! mass #a1jjj p>ts ( ! oil to be deodoriz$ & r5d]$ ta/eless1 & mix4 ,cork ! conta9] tightly1 put on a wat] ba?1 & raise ! temp]ature to ab\t #adj ,f4 ,keep at ?is heat f #ae to #bj m9utes1 !n let cool d[n1 sl[ly1 to #ij1 at :i* temp]ature let /& = #c h\rs4 ,f9ally filt]1 & put up 9 small1 well-/opp]$ bottles4 ,,iii4--,vanill9 #c gra9s ,g>antose #d gra9s ,ol4 m5?4 pip4 #h m9ims ,alcoholis #c dra*ms ,ol4 ric9us #ab ounces ,ol4 oliv 7import$71 quantity suffici5t #a p9t ,m4 ft4 sol4 ,mix vanill91 g>antose1 ol4 m5?4 pip4 ) alcohol & add ca/or oil & olive oil4 ,dose3 ,"o dra*m to #b fluid\nces4 ,,iv4--,! foll[+ keeps well3 ,ca/or oil #bd p>ts ,glyc]9e #bd p>ts ,t9cture ( orange peel #h p>ts ,t9cture ( s5ega #b p>ts ,c9namon wat] en\gh to make #ajj p>ts ,mix & make an emulsion4 ,dose is #a tablespoonful4 ,v4--,"o "p ( common cook+ molasses to #b ( ca/or oil is ! be/ #aed disguise = ! ta/e ( ! oil t c be us$4 ,,vi4--,ca/or oil #a #a_/b ounces ,p[d]$ acacia #b dra*ms ,sug> #b dra*ms ,pepp]m9t wat] #d ounces ,triturate ! sug> & acacia1 add+ ! oil gradually2 :5 ^! h be5 ?or\ghly incorporat$ add ! pepp]m9t wat] 9 small portions1 triturat+ ! mixture until an emulsion is =m$4 ,,vii4--,?is =mula = an emulsion is said to yield a fairly satisfactory product3 ,ca/or oil #ejj c4c4 ,mucilage ( acacia #abe c4c4 ,_s ( gaul!ria #aj grams ,sug> #a gram ,sodium bic>bonate #a gram ,,viii4--,ca/or oil #a ounce ,comp\nd t9cture ( c>damom #d dra*ms ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #c drops ,p[d]$ acacia #c dra*ms ,sug> #b dra*ms ,c9namon wat] en\gh to make #d ounces4 ,,ix4--,ca/or oil #ab ounces ,vanill9 #c gra9s ,sac*>9e #d gra9s ,oil ( pepp]m9t #h m9ims ,alcohol #c dra*ms ,olive oil en\gh to make #a p9t4 ,9 any case1 use only a fre% oil4 ,h[ to ,take ,ca/or ,oil4--,! disgu/ = ca/or oil is due to ! odor1 n to ! ta/e4 ,if ! pati5t grips ! no/rils firmly be=e p\r+ out ! dose1 dr9ks ! oil complac5tly1 & !n ?or\ghly cleanses ! m\?1 lips1 l>ynx1 etc41 ) wat]1 remov+ ! la/ ve/ige ( ! oil be=e remov+ ! f+]s1 he w n get ! lea/ ta/e f ! oil1 :i* is bl& & ta/eless4 ,x all dep5ds ^u prev5t+ any oil f ent]+ ! nose dur+ ! "t :ile !re is any oil pres5t4 ,ca/or-,oil ,*ocolate ,loz5ges4-- ,cacao1 free f oil #bej p>ts ,ca/or oil #bej p>ts ,sug>1 pulv]iz$ #ejj p>ts ,vanill9 sug> #e p>ts ,mix ! *ocolate & oil & heat 9 ! wat]1 bo? "u con/ant /irr+4 ,h ! sug> well dri$ & add1 /irr+ con/antly1 to ! molt5 mass4 ,cont9ue ! heat = #cj m9utes1 !n p\r out & divide into loz5ges 9 ! usual way4 ,,cat ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,insecticides & ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,catatypy4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ! reactions ( ! comp\nds ( silv]1 plat9um1 & *romium 9 photographic processes are g5]ally volunt>y ones & t ! light really acts only z an accel]ator1 t is to say ! *emical prop]ties ( ! prep>ations also *ange 9 ! d>k1 ?\gh a long] "t is requir$4 ,:5 ^! prep>ations are expos$ to ! light "u a negative1 ! modification ( _! *emical prop]ties is accel]at$ 9 su* a way t1 ?r\gh ! gradations ( ! tone-values 9 ! negative1 ! positive pr9t is =m$4 ,n[ x has be5 f\nd t we also h su* accel]ators 9 mat]ial sub/ances t c be us$ 9 ! light1 ! process be+ t]m$ catalysis4 ,x is rem>kable t ^! sub/ances1 call$ catalyz]s1 app>5tly d n take "p 9 ! process1 b br+ ab\t m]ely by _! pres5ce1 decomposition or comb9ation ( o!r bodies dur+ or ^u contact4 ,h5ce1 catalysis may be def9$1 9 %ort1 z ! act ( *ang+ or accel]at+ ! spe$ ( a *emical reaction by means ( ag5ts :i* appe> to rema9 /able4 ,pr(essor ,o/wald & ,dr4 ,o4 ,gros1 ( ! ,leipsic ,univ]sity1 h giv5 ! "n ( 8catatypy0 to ! new copy+ process4 ,! use ( light is entirely done away )1 except t = ! sake ( conv5i5ce ! manipulations are execut$ 9 ! light4 ,all t is necess>y is to br+ pap] & negative into contact1 no matt] :e!r 9 ! light or 9 ! d>k4 ,h5ce ! negative 7if necess>y a positive may also be employ$7 ne$ n ev5 be transp>5t1 = ! asc5d+ & desc5d+ action ( ! tone values 9 ! positive picture is produc$ only by ! quantity 9 ! v>y+ d5sity ( ! silv] p[d] conta9$ 9 ! negative4 ,h5ce no photographic 7light7 picture1 b a catatypic picture 7produc$ by contact7 is creat$1 b ! f9al result is ! same4 ,catatypy is c>ri$ out z foll[s3 ,p\r dioxide ( hydrog5 ov] ! negative1 :i* c be done )\t any damage to ! latt]1 & lay a piece ( pap] on 7siz$ or unsiz$1 r\gh or smoo?1 accord+ to ! effect desir$72 by a contact la/+ a few seconds ! pap] receives ! picture1 dioxide ( hydrog5 be+ de/roy$4 ,f a s+le application sev]al pr9ts c be made4 ,! acquir$ picture--/ill #aee invisible--may n[ 9 ! fur!r c\rse ( ! process1 h a r$uc+ or oxydiz+ action4 ,z picture-produc+ bodies1 ! l>ge gr\p ( iron salts are above all em95tly adapt$1 b o!r sub/ances1 su* z *romium1 manganese1 etc41 z well z pigm5ts ) glue solutions may also be employ$4 ,! developm5t takes place z foll[s3 ,:5 ! pap] :i* has be5 9 contact ) ! negative is drawn ?r\gh a solution ( f]r\s oxide1 ! protoxide is trans=m$ into oxide by ! p]oxide1 h5ce a yell[ positive picture1 consi/+ ( iron oxide1 results1 :i* c be readily *ang$ into o!r comp\nds1 s t ! mo/ v>y+ tones ( color c be obta9$4 ,) ! use ( pigm5ts1 9 conjunction ) a glue solution1 ! action is z foll[s3 ,9 ! places :]e ! picture is1 ! lay] ) ! pigm5ts becomes insoluble & all o!r dye /uffs c be wa%$ (f ) wat]4 ,! *emical inks & r$uctions1 z well z color pigm5ts1 ( :i* ! pictures consi/1 h be5 c>efully te/$ & are compos$ ( su* z are kn[n to possess unlimit$ durability4 ,aft] a %ort contact1 simply imm]se ! picture 9 ! respective solution1 wa% out1 & a p]man5t picture is obta9$4 ,,cat]pill> ,,de/roy]s3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,catgut3 ,prep>ation ( ,catgut ,sutures4--,! catgut is /ret*$ tightly ov] a glass plate tann$ 9 #e p] c5t wat]y extract ( quebra*o1 wa%$ = a %ort "t 9 wat]1 subject$ to ! action ( a #d p] c5t =mal9 solution = #bd to #dh h\rs1 wa%$ 9 runn+ wat] = #bd h\rs1 boil$ 9 wat] = #aj to #ae m9utes1 & /or$ 9 a mixture ( absolute alcohol ) #e p] c5t glyc]9e & #d p] c5t c>bolic acid4 ,9 exp]im5ts on dogs1 ?is suture mat]ial 9 aseptic w\nds rema9$ intact = #fe days1 & 0 absorb$ aft] #hc days4 ,9 infect$ w\nds x 0 absorb$ aft] #cb days4 ,,catsup 7,,adult]at$73 ,see ,foods4 ,,cattle ,,dips ,,& ,,applications3 ,see ,dis9fectants & ,insecticides4 ,,ceil+ ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 & also ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,cel]y ,,comp\nd4 ,cel]y 7se$ gr\nd7 #be p>ts ,coca leaves 7gr\nd7 #be p>ts ,black haw 7gr\nd7 #be p>ts ,hyoscyamus leaves 7gr\nd7 #ab #a_/b p>ts ,podophyllum 7p[d]$7 #aj p>ts ,orange peel 7gr\nd7 #f p>ts ,sug> 7granulat$7 #ajj p>ts ,alcohol #aej p>ts ,wat]1 q4 s4 ad4 #djj p>ts ,mix ! alcohol ) #aej p>ts ( wat] & mac]ate drugs = #bd h\rs2 pack 9 p]colator & p\r on m5/ruum till #cdj p>ts is obta9$2 dissolve sug> 9 x & /ra94 ,,cells1 ,,solutions ,,& ,,fill]s ,,= ,,batt]y3 ,see ,batt]y ,solutions & ,fill]s4 ,,cell>s1 ,,wat]pro(3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,celloid9 ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,celluloid ,new ,celluloid4--,m4 ,ortmann has asc]ta9$ t turp5t9e produc$ by ! ,p9us l>ix1 g5]ally d5om9at$ ,v5ice turp5t9e1 9 comb9ation ) acetone 7dime?yl ketone71 yields ! be/ results2 b o!r turp5t9es1 su* z ! ,am]ican f ! ,p9us au/ralis1 ! ,canada turp5t9e f ! ,p9us balsamea1 ! ,fr5* turp5t9e f ! ,p9us m>itima1 & ketones1 su* z ! ketone ( me?yl-e?yl1 ! ketone ( d9aph?yl1 ! ketone ( me?yl-oxynaph?yl1 & ! ketone ( dioxy-naph?yl1 may be employ$4 ,to put ?is process 9 practice1 #a1jjj p>ts ( pyroxyl9e is prep>$ 9 ! usual mann]1 & mix$ ) #fe p>ts ( turp5t9e1 or #bej p>ts ( ketone & #bej p>ts ( e!r2 #ejj p>ts or #gej p>ts ( me?yl alcohol is add$1 & a colorant1 su* z desir$4 ,in/ead ( turp5t9e1 ros9s d]iv$ f x may be employ$4 ,if ! employm5t ( camphor is desir$ to a c]ta9 ext5t1 x may be add$ to ! mixture4 ,! :ole is %ak5 & left at re/ = ab\t #ab h\rs4 ,x is !n pass$ betwe5 hot roll]s1 & f9ally press$1 cut1 & dri$1 l ord9>y celluloid4 #aef ,! product ?us obta9$ is )\t odor1 :5 camphor is n employ$2 & 9 appe>ance & prop]ties x _c be di/+ui%$ f ord9>y celluloid1 :ile ! exp5se ( production is consid]ably r$uc$4 ,=mol ,album5 = ,prep>ation ( ,celluloid4--,=mol has ! prop]ty ( =m+ comb9ations ) mo/ album9oid sub/ances4 ,^! are n id5tical ) ref]5ce to pla/icity1 & ! use :i* may be d]iv$ f !m = ! manufacture ( pla/ic sub/ances4 ,?is diff]5ce expla9s :y album5 %\ld n be conf\nd$ ) gelat9 or case94 ,) ?is 9 view1 ! ,socit ,anonyme l',oyonnaxi5ne has orig9at$ ! foll[+ processes3 ,i4--,! album5 may be t ( ! egg or t ( ! blood1 :i* are readily f\nd 9 trade4 ,! =moliz+ may be effect$ 9 ! moi/ /ate or 9 ! dry /ate4 ,! dry or moi/ album5 is br\ght into contact ) ! solution ( comm]cial =mol dilut$ to #e or #aj p] c5t = an h\r4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to pulv]ize ! album51 if x is dry4 ,! =mol p5etrates rapidly into ! album9oid matt]1 & is filt]$ or decant$ & wa%$ ) wat] until all ! =mol 9 excess has completely disappe>$2 ?is x is easy to asc]ta9 by means ( anil9e wat]1 :i* produces a turbid :ite z long z a trace ( =mic aldehyde rema9s4 ,! =mol album5 is aft]w>ds dri$ at l[ temp]ature by submitt+ x to ! action ( a curr5t ( dry air at a temp]ature n exce$+ #ajg ,f4 ,?us obta9$1 ! product appe>s z a transp>5t corne\s sub/ance4 ,on pulv]iz+1 x becomes opaque & loses its transp>5cy4 ,x is completely insoluble 9 wat]1 b swells 9 ?is liquid4 ,,ii4--,! =mol album5 is r$uc$ to a p]fectly homog5e\s p[d]1 & mix$ intimately ) ! pla/ic matt] be=e roll+4 ,?is _c be consid]$ an adequate means = effect+ ! mixture4 ,x is necess>y to introduce ! =mol album51 9 ! c\rse ( ! moi/5+1 ei!r by mak+ an emulsion ) camphor alcohol1 or by mix+ x ?or\ghly ) nitro-cellulose1 or by mak+ simultane\sly a ?or\gh mixture ( ! ?ree sub/ances4 ,:5 ! mixture is accompli%$1 ! pa/e is roll$ accord+ to ! usual op]ation4 ,! quantity ( =mol album5 to add is v>iable1 be+ dim9i%$ accord+ to ! quantity ( camphor4 ,in/ead ( add+ ! desiccat$ =mol album51 x may previ\sly be swoll5 9 wat] 9 ord] to r5d] x m malleable4 ,in/ead ( simple wat]1 alkal9iz$ or acidifi$ wat] may be tak5 = ?is purpose1 or ev5 alcoholiz$ wat]4 ,! album51 !n1 %\ld be press$ betwe5 pap] or clo?1 9 ord] to remove ! excess ( moi/ure4 ,pla/ic ,sub/ances ( ,nitro-,cellulose ,base4--,to manufacture pla/ic sub/ances ! ,compagnie ,franaise du ,celluloid comm5ces by submitt+ case9 to a special op]ation4 ,x is soak$ ) a solution ( acetate ( urea 9 alcohol2 = #ajj p>ts ( case9 #e p>ts ( acetate ( urea & #ej p>ts ( alcohol are employ$4 ,! mass swells1 & 9 #dh h\rs ! case9 is ?or\ghly p5etrat$4 ,x is !n ready to be incorporat$ ) ! camphor$ nitro-cellulose4 ,! nitro-cellulose1 hav+ receiv$ ! addition ( camphor1 is soak$ 9 ! alcohol1 & ! mass is well mix$4 ,! case9 prep>$ z describ$ is introduc$ into ! mass4 ,! :ole is mix$ & left at re/ = #b days4 ,! pla/ic pulp ?us obta9$ is roll$1 cut1 & dri$ l ord9>y cellulose1 & by ! same processes & app>atus4 ,! pulp may also be conv]t$ into tubes & o!r =ms1 l ord9>y celluloid4 ,x is advisable to subject ! improv$ pla/ic pulp to a treatm5t ) =maldehyde = ! purpose ( r5d]+ insoluble ! case9 incorporat$ 9 ! celluloid4 ,! pla/ic product ( nitro-cellulose base1 ?us obta9$1 pres5ts 9 employm5t ! same g5]al prop]ties z ord9>y celluloid4 ,x may be appli$ to ! v>i\s manufactur+ processes 9 use = ! prep>ation ( articles ( all k9ds1 & its co/ price dim9i%es m or less accord+ to ! proportion ( case9 associat$ ) ! ord9>y celluloid4 ,9 ?is pla/ic product v>i\s colorants may be incorporat$1 & ! appe>ance ( %ell1 pe>l1 wood1 m>ble1 or ivory may also be imp>t$4 ,improv$ ,celluloid4--,?is product is obta9$ by m+l+ ) celluloid1 "u suitable conditions1 gelat9 or /rong glue ( gelat9 base4 ,x is cle> t ! replacem5t ( "p ( ! celluloid by ! gelat91 ( :i* ! co/ is mu* less1 l[]s mat]ially ! co/ ( ! f9al product4 ,! result is obta9$ )\t detrim5t to ! qualities ( ! objects4 ,^! are said to be ( sup]ior prop]ties1 hav+ m firmness ?an ^? ( celluloid4 ,& ! new mat]ial #aeg is work$ m readily ?an ! celluloid employ$ alone4 ,! new product may be prep>$ 9 op5 air or 9 a clos$ vessel "u pressure4 ,:5 op]at$ 9 ! air1 ! gelat9 is fir/ imm]s$ cold 79 any =m1 & 9 a /ate m or less pure7 9 alcohol m>k+ ab\t #adj ,f41 ) ! addition ( a c]ta9 quantity 7= example1 #e to #aj p] c5t7 ( cry/allizable acetic acid4 ,9 a few h\rs ! mat]ial has swoll5 consid]ably1 & x is !n introduc$ 9 alcohol ( ab\t #ij p] c5t1 & at ! same "t ! celluloid pulp 7camphor & gun cotton71 tak+ c>e to add a little acetone4 ,! proportion ( celluloid 9 ! mixture may be #ej to #ge p] c5t ( ! weight ( ! gelat91 m or less1 accord+ to ! result desir$4 ,aft] heat+ ! mixture slightly1 x is work$1 cold1 by ! roll]s ord9>ily employ$ = celluloid & o!r simil> pa/es1 or by any o!r suitable me?ods4 ,! prep>ation 9 a clos$ vessel does n diff] f t :i* has be5 describ$1 except = ! introduction ( ! mixture ( gelat91 celluloid1 alcohol1 & acetone1 at ! mom5t :5 ! heat+ is to be accompli%$ 9 an autoclave heat$ ) /eam1 capable ( support+ a pressure ( #b to #e p\nds1 & furni%$ ) a me*anical agitator4 ,?is me?od ( proce$+ abridges ! op]ation consid]ably2 ! pa/e comes f ! autoclave well m+l$1 & is !n submitt$ to ! action ( roll]s4 ,!re is b little "w 9 di/ill+ ! alcohol & acetic acid 9 ! autoclave4 ,^! may be recov]$1 & on acc\nt ( _! evaporation ! mass pres5ts ! desir$ consi/5cy :5 x rea*es ! roll]s4 ,:i*ev] ( ! two me?ods ( prep>ation may be employ$1 ! sub/ance may be roll$ z 9 ! ord9>y process1 if a boil] ) agitator is made use (2 ! mass may be produc$ 9 any =m4 ,prep>ation ( ,un9flammable ,celluloid4--,! op]ation ( ?is process by ,woodw>d is ! foll[+3 ,9 a receiv] ( glass or porcela91 liquefi$ fi% glue & gum arabic are introduc$ & all[$ to swell = #bd h\rs 9 a v dry position1 all[+ ! air to circulate freely4 ,! receiv] is n cov]$4 ,aft]w>ds x is heat$ on a wat] ba?1 & ! cont5ts /irr$ 7= example1 by means ( a porcela9 spatula7 until ! gum is completely liquefi$4 ,! heat+ ( ! mass %\ld n exce$ #gg ,f4 ,!n ! gelat9 is add$ 9 su* a way t !re are no solid pieces4 ,! receiv] is remov$ f ! wat] ba? & colza oil add$1 :ile agitat+ anew4 ,:5 ! mixture is complete x is left to repose = #bd h\rs4 ,be=e cool+1 ! mixture is pass$ ?r\gh a sieve 9 ord] to reta9 ! pieces :i* may n h be5 dissolv$4 ,aft] swell+1 & ! dissolution & purification by means ( ! sieve1 x is all[$ to re/ /ill 9 ! same position1 ) access ( air4 ,! films =m$ :ile cool+ may be remov$4 ,! treatm5t ( celluloid necessitates employ+ a solution completely colorless & cle>4 ,! celluloid to be treat$ :ile x is /ill 9 ! pa/y /ate %\ld be 9 a receiv] ( glass1 porcela91 or simil> mat]ial4 ,! mass conta9+ ! fi% glue is p\r$ 91 drop by drop1 :ile /irr+ c>efully1 tak+ c>e to p\r x 9 ! middle ( ! celluloid & to increase ! surface ( contact4 ,:5 ! mixture is complete1 ! celluloid is ready to be employ$ & does n produce flame :5 expos$4 ,! solution ( fi% glue may be prep>$ by all[+ #bjj p>ts ( x to swell = #dh h\rs 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( cold di/ill$ wat]4 ,x is !n pass$ ?r\gh ! sieve1 & ! pieces :i* may rema9 are brok5 up1 9 ord] to m+le !m ?or\ghly ) ! wat]4 ,t5 p>ts ( kit*5 salt are !n add$1 & ! :ole mass pass$ ?r\gh ! sieve4 ,?is product may be utiliz$ = ! prep>ation ( photographic films or = ^? us$ = c9ematographs1 or = replac+ h>d ca\t*\c = ! insulation ( electric conductors1 & = ! prep>ation ( pla/ic objects4 ,sub/itute = ,camphor 9 ! ,prep>ation ( ,celluloid & ,applicable to ,o!r ,purposes4--,9 ?is process comm]cial oil ( turp5t9e1 aft] be+ rectifi$ by di/illation ov] cau/ic soda1 is subject$ to ! action ( gase\s *lorhydric acid1 9 ord] to produce ! solid mono*lorhydrate ( turp5t9e4 ,aft] hav+1 by means ( ! press1 extract$ ! liquid mono*lorhydrate1 & aft] sev]al wa%+s ) cold wat]1 ! solid matt] is desiccat$ & introduc$ into an autoclave app>atus capable ( resi/+ a pressure ( #f atmosph]es4 ,fifty p] c5t ( cau/ic soda1 calculat$ on ! weight ( ! mono*lorhydrate1 & m+l$ ) an equal quantity ( alcohol1 is add$ 9 ! =m ( a ?ick solution4 ,! app>atus is clos$ & heat$ = sev]al h\rs at ! #aeh temp]ature ( #bhd to #cjb ,f4 ,! mat]ial is wa%$ sev]al times = free+ x f ! m+l$ sodium *loride & sodium hydrate1 & ! camphor result+ f ?is op]ation is treat$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,9 an autoclave con/ruct$ = ! purpose1 camph5e & wat] /rongly mix$ ) sulphuric acid are introduc$ & heat$ s z to atta9 #i p\nds ( pressure4 ,!n an electric curr5t is appli$1 capable ( produc+ ! decomposition ( wat]4 ,! mass is con/antly /irr$1 ei!r me*anically or m simply by all[+ a little ( ! /eam to escape by a tap4 ,9 an h\r1 at lea/1 ! mat]ial is drawn f ! app>atus1 wa%$ & dri$1 sublim$ accord+ to ne$1 & is !n suitable = replac+ camphor 9 its indu/rial employm5ts1 = ! camph5e is conv]t$ entirely or 9 great] "p into camphor1 ei!r "r-h& camphor1 or a product optically inactive1 accord+ to ! orig9 ( ! oil ( turp5t9e made use (4 ,9 ! electrolytic oxidation ( ! camph5e1 in/ead ( us+ acidulat$ wat]1 :atev] is capable ( furni%+1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! electric curr5t1 ! oxyg5 necess>y = ! reaction1 su* z oxyg5iz$ wat]1 b>ium bioxide1 & ! p]manganates1 may be employ$4 ,pla/ic & ,ela/ic ,composition4--,=maldehyde has ! prop]ty1 z kn[n1 ( remov+ f gelat9 its solubility & its fusibility1 b x has also ano!r prop]ty1 prejudicial 9 c]ta9 applications1 ( r5d]+ ! composition h>d & friable4 ,9 ord] to rem$y ?is prejudicial action ,m4 ,deborda adds to ! gelat9 treat$ by means ( =maldehyde1 oil ( turp5t9e1 or a mixture ( oil ( turp5t9e & ,g]man turp5t9e or ,v5ice turp5t9e4 ,! addition removes f ! composition its friability & h>dness1 imp>t+ to x great s(tness & ela/icity4 ,! effect is accompli%$ by a slight proportion1 #e to #aj p] c5t4 ,production ( ,sub/ances ,resembl+ ,celluloid4--,mo/ ( ! sub/itutes = camphor 9 ! prep>ation ( celluloid are att5d$ ) inconv5i5ces limit+ _! employm5t & sometimes caus+ _! rejection4 ,?us1 9 "o case ! celluloid does n all[ ( ! prep>ation ( transp>5t bodies2 9 ano!r x occasions too mu* s(tness 9 ! products manufactur$2 & 9 /ill ano!r x does n all[ ( press+1 fold+1 or o!r op]ations1 because ! mass is too brittle2 9 /ill o!rs comb9ations are produc$ :i* 9 "t are affect$ unfavorably by ! color+ sub/ances employ$4 ,call5b]g has f\nd t ! halog5\s d]ivatives ( e!riz$ oils1 pr9cipally oil ( turp5t9e1 & especially ! solid *loride ( turp5t9e1 :i* is ( a sn[y & brilliant :ite1 & ( agreeable odor1 are suitable = yield+1 ei!r alone or mix$ ) camphor or "o ( its sub/itutes1 & comb9$ by ord9>y means ) nitrat$ cellulose1 or o!r e!rs ( cellulose1 treat$ ) acetic e!r1 a celluloidic product1 :i*1 x is said1 is n inf]ior to ord9>y celluloid & has ! advantage ( r$uc$ co/4 ,ela/ic ,sub/itute = ,celluloid4--,acetic cellulose1 l nitro-cellulose1 c be conv]t$ into an ela/ic corne\s comp\nd4 ,! sub/ances p>ticul>ly suitable = ! op]ation are organic sub/ances conta9+ "o or m hydroxy1 aldehydic1 amide1 or ketonic gr\ps1 z well z ! acid amides4 ,probably a bond is =m$ :5 ^! comb9ations act on ! acetate ( cellulose1 b ! bond _c well be def9$1 consid]+ ! complex nature ( ! molecule ( cellulose4 ,accord+ to ! mode ( prep>ation1 ! sub/ances obta9$ =m a h>d mass1 m or less flexible4 ,9 ! s(t /ate1 copies ( engrav$ designs c be reproduc$ 9 _! f9e/ details4 ,:5 h>d5$1 !y c be cut & poli%$4 ,9 c]ta9 respects !y resemble celluloid1 )\t its inflammability1 & !y c be employ$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,!y c be produc$ by ! foll[+ me?ods--! ,l$]] process3 ,i4--,melt toge!r #a "p ( acetate ( cellulose & #a #a_/b p>ts ( ph5ol at ab\t ! temp]ature ( #ajd to #abb ,f4 ,:5 a cle> solution is obta9$ place ! mass ( reaction on plates ( glass or metal slightly heat$ & all[ x to cool gradually4 ,aft] a re/ ( sev]al days ! mass1 :i* at ! outset is simil> to ca\t*\c1 is h>d & =ms flexible plates1 :i* c be work$ l celluloid4 ,,ii4--,compress an intimate mixture ( equal p>ts ( acetic cellulose & hydrate ( *loride or ( anil9e1 at a temp]ature ( #abb to #adj ,f41 & proce$ z 9 ! previ\s case4 ,9 ! same way a ketone may be employ$1 z acetoph5one1 or an acid amide1 z acetamide4 ,,iii4--,a transp>5t1 celluloid-l sub/ance :i* is useful = ! #aei production ( plates1 tubes1 & o!r articles1 b especially z an und]lay = s5sitive films 9 photography1 is produc$ by dissolv+ #a4h p>ts1 by weight1 ( nitro-cellulose 9 #af p>ts ( glacial acetic acid1 ) heat+ & /irr+ & addition ( #e p>ts ( gelat94 ,aft] ?is has swell$ up1 add #g4e p>ts1 by weight1 ( alcohol 7#if p] c5t71 /irr+ con/antly4 ,! syrupy product may be press$ into molds or p\r$1 aft] fur!r dilution ) ! said solv5ts 9 ! /at$ proportion1 ^u glass plates to =m ?9 lay]s4 ,! dri$ articles are well wa%$ ) wat]1 :i* may conta9 a trace ( soda lye1 & dri$ aga94 ,photographic f\ndations produc$ 9 ?is mann] d n *ange1 nor attack ! lay]s s5sitive to light1 nor d !y become electric1 & 9 develop+ !y rema9 flat4 ,,iv4--,viscose is ! "n ( a new product ( ! class ( sub/ances l celluloid1 pegamoid1 etc41 sub/ances hav+ mo/ v>i$ & valuable applications4 ,x is obta9$ directly f cellulose by masc]at+ ?is sub/ance 9 a #a p] c5t dilution ( hydro*loric acid4 ,! mac]ation is all[$ to cont9ue = sev]al h\rs1 & at its close ! liquid is decant$ & ! residue is press$ (f & wa%$ ?or\ghly4 ,! mass 7( :i* we w suppose !re is #ajj grams7 is !n treat$ ) a #bj p] c5t aque\s solution ( sodium hydrate1 :i* dissolves x4 ,! solution is all[$ to /& = #c days 9 a tightly clos$ vessel2 #ajj grams c>bon disulphide are !n add$1 ! vessel clos$ & all[$ to /& = #ab h\rs long]1 :5 x is ready = purification4 ,viscose ?us =m$ is soluble 9 wat]1 cold or tepid1 & yields a solution ( a pale br[ni% color1 f :i* x is precipitat$ by alcohol & sodium *loride1 :i* purifies x1 b at ! exp5se ( mu* ( its solubility4 ,a solution ( ! precipitat$ article is colorless1 or ( a slightly pale yell[4 ,"u ! action ( heat1 long cont9u$1 viscose is decompos$1 yield+ cellulose1 cau/ic soda1 & c>bon disulphide4 ,see also ,case9 = ,celluloid ,sub/itutes4 ,celluloid ( ,r$uc$ ,inflammability4--,i4--,a practicable me?od consi/s 9 incorporat+ silica1 :i* does n h>m ! ess5tial prop]ties ( ! celluloid4 ,! mat]ial is divid$ by ! usual me?ods1 & dissolv$ by means ( ! usual solv5ts1 to :i* silica has be5 add$1 ei!r 9 ! /ate ( amylic1 e?ylic1 or me?ylic silicate1 or 9 ! /ate ( any e!r d]ivative ( silicic acid4 ,! suitable proportions v>y accord+ to ! degree ( inflammability desir$1 & accord+ to ! proportion ( silica 9 ! e!r d]ivative employ$2 b suffici5t fre$om f inflammability = practical purposes is atta9$ by ! foll[+ proportions3 ,fifty-five to #fe p>ts 9 volume ( ! solv5t ( ! celluloid1 & #ce to #de p>ts ( ! d]ivative ( silicic acid4 ,:5 ! e!r d]ivative is 9 ! solid =m1 su*1 = in/ance1 z e?yl disilicate1 x is br\ght to ! liquid /ate by means ( any ( ! solv5ts4 ,! union ( ! solv5t & ( ! d]ivative is accompli%$ by mix+ ! two liquids & %ak+ out ! air z mu* z possible4 ,! incorporation ( ?is mixture ) ! celluloid1 previ\sly divid$ or r$uc$ to ! /ate ( *ips1 is effect$ by p\r+ ! mixture on ! *ips1 or inv]sely1 %ak+ or /irr+ z free f ! air z possible4 ,! usual me?ods are employ$ = ! desiccation ( ! mass4 ,a good result is obta9$ by dry+ v sl[ly1 pref]ably at a temp]ature n above #aj ,c4 7#ej ,f474 ,! result+ residue is a new product sc>cely di/+ui%$ f ord9>y celluloid1 except t ! inh]5t inflammability is consid]ably r$uc$4 ,x is n important to employ any individual silicate or d]ivative4 ,a mixture ( ! silicates or d]ivatives m5tion$ w accompli% ! same results4 ,,ii4--,any ignit$ body is ext+ui%$ 9 a gase\s m$ium :i* is unsuitable = combu/ion2 ! attempt has !re=e be5 made to f9d products capable ( produc+ an un9flammable gas2 & products h be5 select$ t yield *lor9e1 & o!rs produc+ brom9e2 x is also necess>y t ^! bodies %\ld be soluble 9 a solv5t ( celluloid2 !re=e1 among *lorat$ products1 f]ric *loride has be5 tak52 ?is is soluble 9 ! e!r-alcohol mixture4 ,?is is ! process3 ,an e!r-alcohol solution ( celluloid is made2 !n an e!r-alcohol solution ( f]ric p]*loride4 ,! two solutions are m+l$1 & a cle>1 syrupy liquid ( yell[ color1 yield+ no precipitate1 is obta9$4 ,! liquid is p\r$ into a cup or any suitable vessel2 x is left = spontane\s evaporation1 & a sub/ance ( %ell-color is produc$1 :i*1 aft] wa%+ & dry+1 effects ! desir$ result4 ,! celluloid ?us treat$ loses none ( its prop]ties 9 pliability & transp>5cy1 & is n only un9flammable1 b also incombu/ible4 #afj ,( bromat$ comp\nds1 calcium bromide has be5 select$1 :i* produces ne>ly ! same result2 ! product obta9$ fuses 9 ! flame2 outside1 x is ext+ui%$1 )\t ! p[] ( ignition4 ,x may be object$ t f]ric p]*loride & calcium bromide1 be+ soluble 9 wat]1 may pres5t to ! celluloid a surface capable ( be+ affect$ by moi/ air2 b ! mass ( celluloid1 n be+ liable to p5etration by wat]1 fixes ! *lor9at$ or brom9at$ product4 ,/ill1 z ! celluloid und]goes a slight decomposition1 on exposure to ! light1 all[+ small quantities ( camphor to evaporate1 ! surface ( ! p]*lor9at$ celluloid may be fix$ by imm]sion 9 album9\s wat]1 aft] previ\s treatm5t ) a solution ( oxalic acid1 if a light yell[ product is desir$4 ,= prev5t+ ! calcium bromide f ev5tually ooz+ on ! surface ( ! celluloid1 by reason ( its deliquesc5ce1 x may be fix$ by imm]s+ ! celluloid 9 wat] acidulat$ ) sulphuric acid4 ,= indu/rial products1 su* z toilet articles1 celluloid ) f]ric p]*loride may be employ$4 ,ano!r me?od ( prep>+ an un9flammable celluloid1 bas$ on ! pr9ciple above m5tion$1 consi/s 9 mix+ bromide ( camphor ) cotton p[d]1 add+ ca/or oil to s(t5 ! product1 9 ord] t x may be less brittle4 ,! latt] product is n incombu/ible1 b x is un9flammable1 & its facility ( prep>ation r$uces at lea/ "o-half ! app>atus ord9>ily made use ( 9 ! manufacture ( celluloid4 ,! manufacture ( ?is product is n at all dang]\s1 = ! camphor bromide is /rictly un9flammable1 & may be melt$ )\t any dang] ( dissolv+ ! gun cotton4 ,,iii4--,dissolve #be p>ts ( ord9>y celluloid9 9 #bej p>ts ( acetone & add a solution ( #ej p>ts ( magnesium *loride 9 #aej p>ts ( alcohol1 until a pa/e results1 :i* occurs ) a proportion ( ab\t #ajj p>ts ( ! =m] solution to #bj p>ts ( ! latt] solution4 ,?is pa/e is c>efully mix$ & work$ ?r\gh1 !n dri$1 & gives an absolutely incombu/ible mat]ial4 ,,iv4--,glass-l plates :i* are imp]vi\s to acids1 salts1 & alkalies1 flexible1 odorless1 & infrangible1 & /ill possess a transp>5cy simil> to ord9>y glass1 are said to be obta9$ by dissolv+ #d to #h p] c5t ( collodion wool 7soluble pyroxyl97 9 #a p] c5t ( e!r or alcohol & mix+ ! solution ) #b to #d p] c5t ( ca/or oil1 or a simil> non-res9ify+ oil1 & ) #d to #f p] c5t ( ,canada balsam4 ,! inflammability ( ^! plates is claim$ to be mu* less ?an ) o!rs ( collodion1 & may be almo/ entirely obviat$ by admixture ( magnesium *loride4 ,an addition ( z9c :ite produces ! appe>ance ( ivory4 ,solv5ts = ,celluloid4--,celluloid dissolves 9 acetone1 sulphuric e!r1 alcohol1 oil ( turp5t9e1 b5z9e1 amyl acetate1 etc41 alone1 or 9 v>i\s comb9ations ( ^! ag5ts4 ,! foll[+ are "s proportions = solutions ( celluloid3 ,i4--,celluloid #e p>ts ,amyl acetate #aj p>ts ,acetone #af p>ts ,sulphuric e!r #af p>ts ,,ii4--,celluloid #aj p>ts ,sulphuric e!r #cj p>ts ,acetone #cj p>ts ,amyl acetate #cj p>ts ,camphor #c p>ts ,,iii4--,celluloid #e p>ts ,alcohol #ej p>ts ,camphor #e p>ts ,,iv4--,celluloid #e p>ts ,amyl acetate #ej p>ts ,v4--,celluloid #e p>ts ,amyl acetate #be p>ts ,acetone #be p>ts ,s(t5+ & ,cem5t+ ,celluloid4--,if celluloid is to be w>m$ only suffici5tly to be able to b5d x1 a ba? 9 boil+ wat] w answ]4 ,9 /eam at #abj ,c4 7#bdh ,f471 h[ev]1 x becomes s s(t t x may be easily knead$ l d\gh1 s t "o may ev5 imb$ 9 x metal1 wood1 or any simil> mat]ial4 ,if x be int5d$ to s(t5 x to solubility1 ! celluloid mu/ !n be scrap$ f9e & mac]at$ 9 #ij p] c5t alcohol1 :]eupon x takes on ! "* ( cem5t & may be us$ to jo9 brok5 pieces ( celluloid toge!r4 ,solutions ( celluloid may be prep>$3 #a4 ,) #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( celluloid 9 #af p>ts1 by weight1 ea* ( amyl acetate1 acetone1 & sulphuric e!r4 #b4 ,) #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( celluloid 9 #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ea* ( sulphuric e!r1 acetone1 amyl acetate1 & #d p>ts1 by weight1 camphor4 #c4 ,) #e p>ts1 by weight1 celluloid 9 #ej p>ts1 by weight1 alcohol & #e p>ts1 by weight1 camphor4 #d4 ,) #e p>ts1 by weight1 celluloid 9 #ej p>ts1 by weight1 amyl acetate4 #e4 ,) #e p>ts1 by weight1 celluloid 9 #be p>ts1 by weight1 amyl acetate & #be p>ts1 by weight1 acetone4 #afa ,x is (t5 desirable to s(t5 celluloid s t x w n break :5 hamm]$4 ,dipp+ x 9 wat] w>m$ to #dj ,c4 7#ajd ,f47 w suffice = ?is4 ,m5d+ ,celluloid4--,celluloid di%es :i* %[ cracks are easily repair$ by bru%+ ! surface repeat$ly ) alcohol1 #c p>ts1 & e!r1 #d p>ts1 until ! mass turns s(t & c be readily squeez$ toge!r4 ,! pressure mu/ be ma9ta9$ = ab\t "o day4 ,by putt+ only #a "p ( e!r 9 #c p>ts ( alcohol & add+ a little %ellac1 a cem5t = celluloid is obta9$1 :i*1 appli$ w>m1 produces quick] results4 ,ano!r v useful glu+ ag5t = celluloid receptacles is conc5trat$ acetic acid4 ,! celluloid fragm5ts dabb$ ) x /ick toge!r almo/ in/antane\sly4 ,see also ,adhesives = ,me?ods ( ,m5d+ ,celluloid4 ,pr9t+ on ,celluloid4--,pr9t+ on celluloid may be done 9 ! usual way4 ,make ready ! =m s z to be p]fectly level on ! impression--t is1 uni=m to impressional t\* on ! face4 ,! tympan %\ld be h>d4 ,br+ up ! =m squ>ely1 all[+ = ab\t a #c- or #d-%eet c>dbo>d to be )drawn f ! tympan :5 ab\t to proce$ ) pr9t+ on ! celluloid2 ?is is to all[ = ! ?ickness ( ! %eet ( celluloid4 ,use live b dry & well-season$ roll]s4 ,special inks ( diff]5t colors are made = ?is k9d ( presswork2 9 black a good c>d-job quality w be f\nd ab\t "r1 if a few drops ( copal v>ni% are mix$ ) ! ink be=e beg9n+ to pr9t4 ,color$ ,celluloid4-- ,black3 ,fir/ dip into pure wat]1 !n into a solution ( nitrate ( silv]2 let dry 9 ! light4 ,yell[3 ,fir/ imm]se 9 a solution ( nitrate ( lead1 !n 9 a conc5trat$ solution ( *romate ( pota%4 ,br[n3 ,dip into a solution ( p]manganate ( pota% made /rongly alkal9e by ! addition ( soda4 ,blue3 ,dip into a solution ( indigo neutraliz$ by ! addition ( soda4 ,r$3 ,fir/ dip into a dilut$ ba? ( nitric acid2 !n into an ammoniacal solution ( c>m9e4 ,gre53 ,dip into a solution ( v]digris4 ,anil9e colors may also be employ$ b !y are less p]man5t4 ,blea*+ ,celluloid4--,if ! celluloid has become discolor$ ?r\gh\t1 its :it5ess c h>dly be re/or$1 b if m]ely sup]ficially discolor$1 wipe ) a wool5 rag wet ) absolute alcohol & e!r mix$ 9 equal proportions4 ,?is dissolves & removes a m9ute sup]ficial lay] & lays b>e a new surface4 ,to re/ore ! poli% rub briskly fir/ ) a wool5 clo? & f9i% ) silk or f9e *amois4 ,a little jewel]'s r\ge or putzpomade greatly facilitates matt]s4 ,ink m>ks may be remov$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,pr9t]'s ink may be remov$ f celluloid by rubb+ fir/ ) oil ( turp5t9e & aft]w>ds ) alcohol & e!r4 ,process ( ,impregnat+ ,fabrics ) ,celluloid4--,! fabric is fir/ saturat$ ) a dilute celluloid solution ( ! consi/5cy ( olive oil1 :i* solution p5etrates deeply into ! tissue2 dry quickly 9 a heat+ *amb] & saturate ) a m conc5trat$ celluloid solution1 ab\t z visc\s z molasses4 ,if oil be add$ to ! celluloid solution1 ! quantity %\ld be small 9 ! fir/ solution1 e4 g41 #a to #b p] c5t1 9 ! foll[+ ones #e to #h p] c5t1 :ile ! out] lay] conta9s v little or no oil4 ,a fabric impregnat$ 9 ?is mann] possesses a v flexible surface1 because ! out] lay] may be v ?91 :ile ! int]ior consi/s ( _m flexible fib]s surr\nd$ by celluloid4 ,,celluloid ,,cem5ts ,,& ,,glues3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,celluloid ,,lacqu]3 ,see ,lacqu]4 ,,celluloid ,,putty3 ,see ,cem5ts4 ,cem5ts 7,see also ,putties47 ,= ,adhesive ,cem5ts int5d$ = repair+ brok5 articles1 see ,adhesives4 ,putty = ,celluloid4--,to fa/5 celluloid to wood1 t91 etc41 use a comp\nd ( #b p>ts %ellac1 #c p>ts _s ( camphor1 & #d p>ts /rong alcohol4 ,plumb]s' ,cem5t4--,a plumb]s' cem5t consi/s ( #a "p black ros91 melt$1 & #b p>ts ( brickdu/1 ?or\ghly p[d]$ & dri$4 ,cem5t = ,/eam & ,wat] ,pipes4--,a cem5t = pipe jo9ts is made z foll[s3 ,t5 p\nds f9e yell[ o*]2 #d p\nds #afb gr\nd li?>ge2 #d p\nds :it+1 & #a_/b p\nd ( hemp1 cut up f9e4 ,mix toge!r ?or\ghly ) l9se$ oil to ab\t ! consi/5cy ( putty4 ,gutt] ,cem5t4--,/ir s& & f9e lime into boil$ pa9t sk9s :ile hot & ?ick4 ,use hot4 ,cem5t = ,pipe ,jo9ts4--,a good cem5t = mak+ tight jo9ts 9 pumps1 pipes1 etc41 is made ( a mixture ( #ae p>ts ( slak$ lime1 #cj p>ts ( graphite1 & #dj p>ts ( b>ium sulphate4 ,! +r$i5ts are p[d]$1 well mix$ toge!r1 & /irr$ up ) #ae p>ts ( boil$ oil4 ,a /iff] prep>ation c be made by increas+ ! proportions ( graphite & b>ium sulphate to #cj & #dj p>ts respectively1 & omitt+ ! lime4 ,ano!r cem5t = ! same purpose consi/s ( #ae p>ts ( *alk & #ej ( graphite1 gr\nd1 wa%$1 mix$1 & regr\nd to f9e p[d]4 ,to ?is mixture is add$ #bj p>ts ( gr\nd li?>ge1 & ! :ole mix$ to a /iff pa/e ) ab\t #ae p>ts ( boil$ oil4 ,?is la/ prep>ation possesses ! advantage ( rema9+ pla/ic = a long "t :5 /or$ 9 a cool place4 ,f9ally1 a good & simple mixture = tight5+ screw connections is made f p[d]$ %ellac dissolv$ 9 #aj p] c5t ammonia4 ,! muc9\s mass is pa9t$ ov] ! screw ?reads1 aft] ! latt] h be5 ?or\ghly clean$1 & ! fitt+ is screw$ home4 ,! ammonia soon volatilizes1 leav+ beh9d a mass :i* h>d5s quickly1 makes a tight jo9t1 & is imp]vi\s to hot & cold wat]4 ,protection = ,cem5t ,"w4--,a coat+ ( soluble glass w imp>t to cem5t surfaces expos$ to ammonia n only a protective cov]+1 b also increas$ solidness4 ,cem5t$ surfaces c be protect$ f ! action ( ! wea!r by repeat$ coats ( a gre5 vitriol solution consi/+ ( #a "p ( gre5 vitriol & #c p>ts ( wat]4 ,two coat+s ( #e p] c5t soap wat] are said to r5d] ! cem5t wat]pro(2 aft] dry+ & rubb+ ) a clo? or bru%1 ?is coat+ w become glossy l oil pa9t4 ,?is application is especially recomm5d$ = sick rooms1 s9ce ! walls c be readily clean$ by wa%+ ) soapy wat]4 ,! coat+ is r5d]$ m & m wat]pro( !reby4 ,! gre5 vitriol solution is likewise comm5dable = application on old & new pla/]+1 s9ce x produces !reon wat]pro( coat+s4 ,f old pla/]+ ! loose p>ticles h fir/ to be remov$ by wa%+4 ,puncture ,cem5t4--,a pat5t$ prep>ation = automatically repair+ punctures 9 bicycle tires consi/s ( glyc]9e hold+ gelat9\s silica or alum9um hydrate 9 susp5sion4 ,?ree volumes ( glyc]9e are mix$ ) #a volume ( liquid wat] glass1 & an acid is /irr$ 94 ,! result+ jelly is dilut$ ) #c additional volumes ( glyc]9e1 & f #d to #f ounces ( ?is fluid are plac$ 9 ea* tire4 ,9 case ( puncture1 ! int]nal pressure ( ! air =ces ! fluid into ! hole1 :i* x closes4 ,to ,fix ,iron 9 ,/one4--,( ! quickly h>d5+ cem5ts1 lead & sulphur1 ! latt] is popul>ly employ$4 ,x c be r5d]$ /ill m suitable = purposes ( p\r+ by ! admixture ( ,portl& cem5t1 :i* is /irr$ into ! molt5 sulphur 9 ! ratio ( #a to #c p>ts by weight4 ,! /r5g? ( ! latt] is increas$ by ?is addition1 s9ce ! =mation ( s co>se a cry/all9e /ructure z t ( solidify+ pure sulphur is di/urb$ by ! p[d] add$4 ,:ite ,portl& ,cem5t4--,mix toge!r feldsp>1 #dj-ajj p>ts1 by weight2 kaol91 #ajj p>ts2 lime/one1 #gjj p>ts2 magnesite1 #bj-dj p>ts2 & sodium *loride1 #b4e-e p>ts1 all z pure z possible1 & heat to #adcj to #aejj ,c4 7#bfjf to #bgcb ,f471 until ! :ole has become s9t]$ toge!r1 & =ms a nice1 :ite cem5t-l mass4 ,cem5t = ,clos+ ,cracks 9 ,/oves4--,make a putty ( r$uc$ iron 7iron by hydrog57 & a solution ( sodium or potassium silicate1 & =ce x into ! crack4 ,if ! crack be a v n>r[ "o1 make ! iron & silicate into pa/e in/ead ( putty4 ,?is mat]ial gr[s firm] & h>d] ! long] ! m5d$ article is us$4 ,cem5t = ,wat]pipe4--,i4--,mix toge!r #aa p>ts1 by weight1 ,portl& cem5t2 #d p>ts1 by weight1 lead :ite2 #a "p1 by weight1 li?>ge2 & make to a pa/e ) boil$ oil 9 :i* #c p] c5t ( its weight ( colophony has be5 dissolv$4 ,,ii4--,mix #a "p1 by weight1 torn-up wadd+2 #a "p1 by weight1 ( quicklime1 & #c p>ts1 by weight1 ( boil$ oil4 ,?is cem5t mu/ be us$ z soon z made4 ,cem5t = ,pallet ,/ones4--,place small pieces ( %ellac ar\nd ! /one :5 9 position & subject x to heat4 ,(t5 ! lac spreads unev5ly or swells up2 & ?is1 9 addition to be+ unsightly1 is apt to displace ! /one4 ,?is c be avoid$ z foll[s3 ,! pallets are #afc held 9 long slid+ tongs4 ,take a piece ( %ellac1 heat x & roll x into a cyl9d] betwe5 ! f+]s2 aga9 heat ! extremity & draw x out into a f9e ?read4 ,?is ?read w break (f1 leav+ a po9t at ! end ( ! lac4 ,n[ heat ! tongs at a little di/ance f ! pallets1 te/+ ! degree ( heat by t\*+ ! tongs ) ! %ellac4 ,:5 x melts easily1 lightly t\* ! two sides ( ! not* ) x2 a v ?9 lay] c ?us be spread ov] !m1 & ! pallet /one c !n be plac$ 9 position & held until cold en\gh4 ,! tongs w n lose ! heat sudd5ly1 s t ! /one c easily be rais$ or l[]$ z requir$4 ,! project+ p>ticles ( cem5t c be remov$ by a brass wire fil$ to an angle & =m+ a scrap]4 ,to cem5t a ruby p91 or ! l1 "o may also use %ellac dissolv$ 9 _s1 appli$ 9 ! consi/5cy ( syrup1 & liquefi$ aga9 by means ( a hot p9cette1 by seiz+ ! /one ) x4 ,,d5tal ,,cem5ts3 ,fair?orne's ,cem5t4--,p[d]$ glass1 #e p>ts2 p[d]$ borax1 #d p>ts2 silicic acid1 #h p>ts2 z9c oxide1 #bjj p>ts4 ,p[d] v f9ely & mix2 !n t9t ) a small quantity ( gold5 o*] or manganese4 ,! comp\nd1 mix$ be=e use ) conc5trat$ syrupy z9c-*loride solution1 soon becomes z h>d z m>ble & con/itutes a v durable too? cem5t4 ,huebn]'s ,cem5t4--,z9c oxide1 #ejj4j p>ts2 p[d]$ manganese1 #a4e p>ts2 yell[ o*]1 p[d]$1 #a4e-d4j p>ts2 p[d]$ borax1 #aj4j p>ts2 p[d]$ glass1 #ajj4j p>ts4 ,z a b9d+ liquid x is well to use acid-free z9c *loride1 :i* c be prep>$ by dissolv+ pure z9c1 free f iron1 9 conc5trat$1 pure1 hydro*loric acid1 9 su* a mann] t z9c is always 9 excess4 ,:5 no m hydrog5 is evolv$ ! z9c 9 excess is /ill left 9 ! solution = "s "t4 ,! latt] is filt]$ & boil$ d[n to ! consi/5cy ( syrup4 ,comm]cial z9c oxide _c be employ$ )\t previ\s treatm5t1 because x is too loose2 ! d5s] x is ! bett] is x adapt$ = d5tal cem5ts1 & ! h>d] ! latt] w be4 ,= ?is reason x is well1 9 ord] to obta9 a d5se product1 to /ir ! comm]cial pure z9c oxide into a /iff pa/e ) wat] to :i* #b p] c5t ( nitric acid has be5 add$2 ! pa/e is dri$ & heat$ = "s "t at :ite heat 9 a ,hessian crucible4 ,aft] cool+1 ! z9c oxide1 ?us obta9$1 is v f9ely p[d]$ & kept 9 h]metically seal$ vessels1 s t x _c absorb c>bonic acid4 ,! d5tal cem5t prep>$ ) su* z9c oxide turns v h>d & solidifies ) ! conc5trat$ z9c-*loride solution 9 a few m9utes4 ,phosphate ,cem5t4--,conc5trate pure phosphoric acid till semi-solid1 & mix alum9um phosphate ) x by heat+4 ,= use1 mix ) z9c oxide to ! consi/5cy ( putty4 ,! cem5t is said to set 9 #b m9utes4 ,z9c ,amalgam1 or ,d5ti/s' ,z9c4--,?is consi/s ( pure z9c fil+s comb9$ ) twice _! weight ( m]cury1 a g5tle heat be+ employ$ to r5d] ! union m complete4 ,x is be/ appli$ z soon z made4 ,its color is gray1 & x is said to be effective & durable4 ,sorel's ,cem5t4--,mix z9c oxide ) half its bulk ( f9e s&1 add a solution ( z9c *loride ( #a4bfj specific gravity1 & rub ! :ole ?or\ghly toge!r 9 a mort>4 ,! mixture mu/ be appli$ at once1 z x h>d5s v quickly4 ,metallic ,cem5t4--,pure t91 ) a small proportion ( cadmium & suffici5t m]cury1 =ms ! mo/ la/+ &1 = all practical purposes1 ! lea/ objectionable amalgam4 ,melt #b p>ts ( t9 ) #a ( cadmium1 run x into +ots1 & r$uce x to fil+s4 ,=m ^! into a fluid amalgam ) m]cury1 & squeeze out ! excess ( ! latt] ?r\gh lea!r4 ,"w up ! solid residue 9 ! h&1 & press x into ! too?4 ,or melt "s beeswax 9 a pipk91 ?r[ 9 #e p>ts ( cadmium1 & :5 melt$ add #g or #h p>ts ( t9 9 small pieces4 ,p\r ! melt$ metals into an iron or wood5 box1 & %ake !m until cold1 s z to obta9 ! alloy 9 a p[d]4 ,?is is mix$ ) #b #a_/b to #c times its weight ( m]cury 9 ! palm ( ! h&1 & us$ z above describ$4 ,,cem5t ,,colors3 ,see ,/one4 ,,cem5t1 ,,mordant ,,=3 ,see ,mordants4 ,,cem5t1 ,,pa9ts ,,=3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,cem5t1 ,,protection ,,(1 ,,aga9/ ,,acid3 ,see ,acid-,pro(+4 #afd ,,*a9 ,,( ,,fire3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,*a9s 7,,wat*71 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,*alk ,,= ,,tailors4 ,knead toge!r ord9>y pipe clay1 moi/5$ ) ultram>9e blue = blue1 f9ely gr\nd o*] = yell[1 etc41 until !y are uni=mly mix$1 roll out into ?9 %eets1 cut & press into wood5 or metallic molds1 well oil$ to prev5t /ick+1 & all[ to dry sl[ly at ord9>y temp]ature or at a v g5tle heat4 ,,*app$ ,,h&s3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,*>ta ,,s9apis3 ,see ,mu/>d ,pap]4 ,,*>treuse3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,c]amics ,,gr\nd ,,c]amics--,,lay+ ,,oil ,,=3 ,see ,oil4 ,notes = ,pott]s1 ,glass-1 & ,brick-mak]s4--,x is ( ! highe/ importance 9 select+ oxides1 m9]als1 etc41 = manufactur+ diff]5t articles1 = pott]s' use1 to secure pure goods1 especially 9 ! pur*ase ( ! foll[+3 ,lead1 manganese1 oxide ( z9c1 borax1 :it+1 oxide ( iron1 & oxide ( cobalt4 ,! diff]5t +r$i5ts compris+ any giv5 color or glaze %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ be=e be+ calc9$1 o!rwise ! mass w be ( a /reaky or v>iegat$ k9d4 ,calc9ation requires c>e1 especially 9 ! manufacture ( enamel colors4 ,ov]-fir+1 p>ticul>ly ( colors or enamels compos$ 9 "p ( lead1 borax1 antimony1 or li?>ge1 causes a dullness ( %ade1 or film1 t r$uces _! value = decorative purposes1 :]e cle>ness & brilliancy are ( ! fir/ importance4 ,to arre/ ! unsightly defect ( 8craz+10 ! foll[+ h be5 ! mo/ successful me?ods employ$1 9 ! ord] giv53 ,i4--,flux made ( #aj p>ts t9cal2 #d p>ts oxide ( z9c2 #a "p soda4 ,,ii4--,a calc9ation ( #e p>ts oxide ( z9c2 #a "p pe>l a%4 ,,iii4--,addition ( raw oxide ( z9c1 #f p\nds to ea* hundr$weight ( glaze4 ,to glaz$ brick & tile mak]s1 ^: *ief difficulty appe>s to be ! production ( a slip to suit ! contraction ( _! clay1 & adh]e /rongly to ei!r a clay or a burnt brick or tile1 ! foll[+ me?od may be recomm5d$3 ,mix toge!r3 ,ball clay #aj p>ts ,cornwall /one #aj p>ts ,*9a clay #g p>ts ,fl9t #f #a_/b p>ts ,to be mix$ & lawn$ "o week be=e use4 ,to ,cut ,pott]y4--,pott]y or any s(t or ev5 h>d /one sub/ance c be cut )\t *ipp+ by a disk ( s(t iron1 ! edge ( :i* has be5 *>g$ ) em]y1 diamond1 or o!r gr9d+ p[d]1 t c be obta9$ at any tool ag5cy4 ,! cutt+ has to be done ) a lib]al supply ( wat] f$ cont9ually to ! revolv+ disk & ! sub/ance to be cut4 ,,brick ,,& ,,tilemak]s' ,,glaz$ ,,bricks3 ,:ite4--,:5 ! brick or tile leaves ! press1 ) a v s(t bru% cov] ! "p to be glaz$ ) ,no4 #a ,slip2 aft]w>ds dip ! face 9 ! same mixture4 ,no4 #a ,slip4-- ,same clay z brick #i p>ts ,fl9t #a "p ,ball clay #e p>ts ,*9a #d p>ts ,all[ ! brick to rema9 sl[ly dry+ = #h to #aj h\rs1 !n :5 moi/ dip 9 ! :ite body4 ,:ite ,body4-- ,*9a clay #bd p>ts ,ball clay #h p>ts ,feldsp> #h p>ts ,fl9t #d p>ts ,! brick %\ld n[ be dri$ sl[ly b ?or\ghly1 & :5 p]fectly dry dip ! face 9 clean cold wat]1 & imm$iately aft]w>ds 9 glaze4 ,h>d ,glaze4-- ,feldsp> #ah p>ts ,cornwall /one #c #a_/b p>ts ,:it+ #a #a_/b p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #a #a_/b p>ts ,pla/] ( ,p>is #c_/d "p #afe ,s(t ,glaze4-- ,:ite lead #ac p>ts ,feldsp> #bj p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #c p>ts ,pla/] ( ,p>is #a "p ,fl9t glass #ac p>ts ,cornwall /one #c #a_/b p>ts ,p>is :ite #a #a_/d p>ts ,:]e clay is us$ t w /& a v high fire1 ! :ite lead & glass may be left out4 ,a wire bru% %\ld n[ be us$ to remove all sup]flu\s glaze1 etc41 f ! sides & ends ( ! brick1 :i* is !n ready = ! kiln4 ,9 plac+1 set ! bricks face to face1 ab\t an in* space be+ left betwe5 ! two glaz$ faces4 ,all ! mixtures1 aft] be+ mix$ ) wat] to ! consi/5cy ( cream1 mu/ be pass$ #b or #c times ?r\gh a v f9e lawn4 ,! kiln mu/ n be op5$ till p]fectly cold4 ,process = ,color$ ,glazes4--,use color1 #a "p1 to :ite body1 #g p>ts4 ,use color1 #a "p1 to glaze1 #i p>ts4 ,prep>ation ( ,colors4--,! specifi$ +r$i5ts %\ld all be obta9$ f9ely gr\nd1 & aft] be+ mix$ 9 ! proportions giv5 %\ld1 9 a sagg> or "s clay vessel1 be fir$ 9 ! brick kiln & aft]w>ds gr\nd = use4 ,9 fir+ ! +r$i5ts ! highe/ heat atta9able is necess>y4 ,turquoise4-- ,oxide ( z9c #h p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #a #a_/d p>ts ,grass ,gre54-- ,oxide ( *rome #f p>ts ,fl9t #a "p ,oxide ( copp] #a_/b "p ,royal ,blue4-- ,pure alum9a #bj p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #h p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #d p>ts ,maz>9e ,blue4-- ,oxide ( cobalt #aj p>ts ,p>is :ite #i p>ts ,sulphate b>ytes #a "p ,r$ ,br[n4-- ,oxide ( z9c #dj p>ts ,crocus ( m>tis #f p>ts ,oxide ( *rome #f p>ts ,r$ lead #e p>ts ,boracic acid #e p>ts ,r$ oxide ( iron #a "p ,orange4-- ,pure alum9a #e p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #b p>ts ,bi*romate ( pota% #a "p ,iron scale #a_/b "p ,cl>et ,br[n4-- ,bi*romate ( pota% #b p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #a "p ,iron scale #a "p ,blue ,gre54-- ,oxide ( *rome #f p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #c_/d "p ,sky ,blue4-- ,fl9t #i p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #ac p>ts ,cobalt #b #a_/b p>ts ,phosphate soda #a "p ,*rome ,gre54-- ,oxide ( *rome #c p>ts ,oxide ( copp] #a "p ,c>bonate ( cobalt #a "p ,oxide ( cobalt #b p>ts ,olive4-- ,oxide ( *rome #c p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #b p>ts ,fl9t #e p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #a "p ,blood ,r$4-- ,oxide ( z9c #cj p>ts ,crocus m>tis #g p>ts ,oxide ( *rome #g p>ts ,li?>ge #e p>ts ,borax #e p>ts ,r$ oxide ( iron #b p>ts ,black4-- ,*romate ( iron #bd p>ts ,oxide ( nickel #b p>ts ,oxide ( t9 #b p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #e p>ts ,imp]ial ,blue4-- ,oxide ( cobalt #aj p>ts ,black color #a #a_/b p>ts ,p>is :ite #g #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t #b #a_/b p>ts ,c>bonate ( soda #a "p ,mahogany4-- ,*romate ( iron #cj p>ts ,oxide ( manganese #bj p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #ab p>ts ,oxide ( t9 #d p>ts ,crocus m>tis #b p>ts ,gordon ,gre54-- ,oxide ( *rome #ab p>ts ,p>is :ite #h p>ts ,bi*romate ( pota% #d #a_/b p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #c_/d "p ,violet4-- ,oxide ( cobalt #b #a_/b p>ts ,oxide ( manganese #d p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #h p>ts ,cornwall /one #h p>ts #aff ,lav5d]4-- ,calc9$ oxide ( z9c #e p>ts ,c>bonate ( cobalt #c_/d "p ,oxide ( nickel #a_/d "p ,p>is :ite #a "p ,br[n4-- ,manganese #d p>ts ,oxide ( *rome #b p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #d p>ts ,sulphate b>ytes #b p>ts ,dove4-- ,oxide ( nickel #g p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #b p>ts ,oxide ( *rome #a "p ,oxide ( fl9t #ah p>ts ,p>is :ite #c p>ts ,yell[ ,gre54-- ,fl9t #f p>ts ,p>is :ite #d p>ts ,bi*romate ( pota% #d #a_/b p>ts ,r$ lead #b p>ts ,fluorsp> #b p>ts ,pla/] ( ,p>is #a #a_/b p>ts ,oxide ( copp] #a_/b "p ,,bodies ,,requir+ ,,no ,,/a93 ,ivory4-- ,cane m>l #af p>ts ,ball clay #ab p>ts ,feldsp> #h p>ts ,*9a clay #f p>ts ,fl9t #d p>ts ,cream4-- ,ball clay #bb p>ts ,*9a clay #e #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t #e p>ts ,feldsp> #c #a_/b p>ts ,cane m>l #ab p>ts ,black4-- ,ball clay #abj p>ts ,gr\nd o*] #abj p>ts ,gr\nd manganese #ce p>ts ,buff4-- ,ball clay #ab p>ts ,*9a clay #aj p>ts ,feldsp> #h p>ts ,bull fire clay #af p>ts ,yell[ o*] #c p>ts ,drab4-- ,cane m>l #cj p>ts ,ball clay #aj p>ts ,/one #g p>ts ,feldsp> #d p>ts ,br[n4-- ,r$ m>l #ej p>ts ,*9a clay #g p>ts ,gr\nd manganese #f p>ts ,feldsp> #c p>ts ,9 mak+ maz>9e blue glaz$ bricks use ! :ite body & /a9 ! glaze only4 ,maz>9e blue #a "p ,glaze #g p>ts ,= royal blue use #a "p /a9 to #f p>ts :ite body1 & glaze un/a9$4 ,blood-,r$ ,/a94--,num]\s brick manufactur]s possess b$s ( clay f :i* good & s\nd bricks or tiles c be made1 ! only drawback be+ t ! clay does n burn a good color4 ,9 _m cases ?is arises f ! fact t ! clay conta9s m or less sulphur or o!r impurity1 :i* spoils ! ext]nal appe>ance ( ! f9i%$ article4 ,! foll[+ /a9 w conv]t clay ( any color into a ri*1 deep r$1 mix$ 9 proportions ( /a91 #a "p1 to clay1 #fj p>ts4 ,/a94-- ,crocus m>tis #bj p>ts ,yell[ o*] #d p>ts ,sulphate ( iron #aj p>ts ,r$ oxide ( iron #b p>ts ,a /ill *eap] me?od is to put a slip or ext]nal coat+ ^u ! goods4 ,! slip be+ q opaque1 effectively hides ! natural color ( ! brick or tile ^u :i* x may be us$4 ,! process is to mix3 ,blood-r$ /a9 #a "p ,good r$ clay #f p>ts ,add wat] until ! mixture becomes ab\t ! consi/5cy ( cream1 !n ) a sponge =ce ! liquid two or ?ree times ?r\gh a v f9e brass wire lawn1 ,no4 #hj1 & dip ! goods 9 ! liquid z soon z !y are press$ or mold$4 ,blue ,paviors4--,blue pav+ bricks may be produc$ ) almo/ any k9d ( clay t w /& a fair am\nt ( heat1 by adopt+ ! same me?ods z 9 ! =m] case ( blood-r$ bricks1 t is1 ! clay may be /a9$ ?r\gh\t1 or an outside coat+ may be appli$4 ,/a9 = ,blue ,paviors4-- ,gr\nd iron/one #bj p>ts ,*romate ( iron #e p>ts ,manganese #f p>ts ,oxide ( nickel #a "p ,use #a "p clay & #a "p /a9 = coat+1 & #ej or #fj p>ts clay & #a "p /a9 = /a9+ ?r\gh4 ,fire blue paviors v h>d4 ,buff ,t]ra-,cotta ,slip4-- ,buff fire clay #af p>ts ,*9a clay #f p>ts #afg ,yell[ o*] #c p>ts ,ball clay #aj p>ts ,fl9t #d p>ts ,add wat] to ! mat]ials aft] mix+ well1 pass ?r\gh ! f9e lawn1 & dip ! goods :5 s(t 9 ! liquid4 ,transp>5t ,glaze4-- ,gr\nd fl9t glass #d p>ts ,gr\nd :ite lead #d p>ts ,gr\nd oxide ( z9c #a_/d "p ,?is glaze is suitable = bricks or tiles made ( v good r$ clay1 ! natural color ( ! clay %[+ ?r\gh ! glaze4 ,! goods mu/ fir/ be fir$ suffici5tly h>d to make !m durable1 aft]w>ds glaz$1 & fir$ aga94 ,! glaze be+ comp>atively s(t w fuse at ab\t half ! heat requir$ = ! fir/ burn+4 ,! glaze may be /a9$1 if desir$1 ) any ( ! colors giv5 9 glaz$-brick recipes1 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 ,/a91 #a "p2 glaze1 #a "p4 ,,special ,,recipes ,,= ,,pott]y ,,& ,,brick ,,& ,,tile ,,works3 ,vitrifiable ,bodies4--,! foll[+ mixtures w flux only at a v high heat4 ,!y require no glaze :5 a prop] heat is atta9$1 & !y are admirably adapt$ = /onew>e glazes4 ,i4--,cornwall /one #bj p>ts ,feldsp> #ab p>ts ,*9a clay #c p>ts ,:it+ #b p>ts ,pla/] ( ,p>is #a #a_/b p>ts ,,ii4--,feldsp> #cj p>ts ,fl9t #i p>ts ,/one #h p>ts ,*9a clay #c p>ts ,,iii4--,feldsp> #bj p>ts ,/one #e p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #c p>ts ,:it+ #b p>ts ,pla/] ( ,p>is #a "p ,soda cry/als1 dissolv$ #a "p ,special ,glazes = ,bricks or ,pott]y at ,"o ,burn+4--,to run ^! glazes int5se heat is requir$4 ,i4--,cornwall /one #dj p>ts ,fl9t #g p>ts ,p>is :ite #d p>ts ,ball clay #ae p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #f p>ts ,:ite lead #ae p>ts ,,ii4--,feldsp> #bj p>ts ,cornwall /one #e p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #c p>ts ,fl9t #c p>ts ,lynn s& #a #a_/b p>ts ,sulphate b>ytes #a #a_/b p>ts ,,iii4--,feldsp> #be p>ts ,cornwall /one #f p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #b p>ts ,*9a clay #b p>ts ,,iv4--,cornwall /one #aah p>ts ,feldsp> #dj p>ts ,p>is :ite #bh p>ts ,fl9t #d p>ts ,v4--,feldsp> #af p>ts ,*9a clay #d p>ts ,/one #d p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #b p>ts ,pla/] ( ,p>is #a "p ,,vi4--,feldsp> #aj p>ts ,/one #e p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts ,pla/] #a_/b "p ,! foll[+ glaze is excell5t = bricks 9 ! biscuit & pott]y1 :i* require an easy fir+3 ,:ite4-- ,:ite lead #bj p>ts ,/one #i p>ts ,fl9t #i p>ts ,borax #d p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #b p>ts ,feldsp> #c p>ts ,^! mat]ials %\ld be procur$ f9ely gr\nd1 & aft] be+ ?or\ghly mix$ %\ld be plac$ 9 a fire-clay crucible1 & be fir$ = #e or #f h\rs1 %>ply1 or until ! mat]ial runs d[n into a liquid1 !n ) a pair ( iron tongs draw ! crucible f ! kiln & p\r ! liquid into a bucket ( cold wat]1 gr9d ! flux to an extremely f9e p[d]1 & spread a coat+ ^u ! plate to be enamel$1 previ\sly bru%+ a little gum !reon4 ,! plate mu/ !n be fir$ until a suffici5t heat is atta9$ to run or fuse ! p[d]4 ,,pott]y ,,bodies ,,& ,,glazes3 ,ord9>y4-- ,i4--,*9a clay #b #a_/b p>ts ,/one #a #a_/b p>ts ,bone #c p>ts ,,ii4--,*9a clay #e p>ts ,/one #b #a_/b p>ts ,bone #g p>ts ,b>ytes #c p>ts ,,iii4--,*a9 clay #e p>ts ,/one #c p>ts ,fl9t #a_/d "p ,b>ytes #h p>ts ,sup]ior4-- ,i4--,*9a clay #ce p>ts ,cornwall /one #bc p>ts ,bone #dj p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts #afh ,,ii4--,*9a clay #ce p>ts ,cornwall /one #h p>ts ,bone #ej p>ts ,fl9t #c p>ts ,blue clay #d p>ts ,,iii4--,*9a clay #h p>ts ,cornwall /one #dj p>ts ,bone #bi p>ts ,fl9t #e p>ts ,blue clay #ah p>ts ,,iv4--,*9a clay #cb p>ts ,cornwall /one #bc p>ts ,bone #cd p>ts ,fl9t #f p>ts ,blue clay #e p>ts ,v4--,*9a clay #g p>ts ,/one #dj p>ts ,bone #bh p>ts ,fl9t #e p>ts ,blue clay #bj p>ts ,f9e/ ,*9a ,bodies4-- ,i4--,*9a clay #bj p>ts ,bone #fj p>ts ,feldsp> #bj p>ts ,,ii4--,*9a clay #cj p>ts ,bone #dj p>ts ,feldsp> #cj p>ts ,,iii4--,*9a clay #be p>ts ,/one #aj p>ts ,bone #de p>ts ,feldsp> #bj p>ts ,,iv4--,*9a clay #cj p>ts ,/one #ae p>ts ,bone #ce p>ts ,feldsp> #bj p>ts ,e>!nw>e ,bodies4-- ,i4--,ball clay #ac p>ts ,*9a clay #i #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t #e #a_/b p>ts ,cornwall /one #d p>ts ,,ii4--,ball clay #ab #a_/b p>ts ,*9a clay #h p>ts ,fl9t #e #a_/b p>ts ,cornwall /one #b #a_/b p>ts ,"o p9t ( cobalt /a9 to #a ton ( glaze4 ,,iii4--,ball clay #ac #a_/d p>ts ,*9a clay #aa p>ts ,fl9t #d p>ts ,cornwall /one #e p>ts ,feldsp> #d p>ts ,/a9 z requir$4 ,,iv4--,ball clay #ah #a_/b p>ts ,*9a clay #ac #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t #h #a_/b p>ts ,/one #d p>ts ,blue /a91 #b p9ts to ton4 ,v4--,ball clay #ae p>ts ,*9a clay #ab p>ts ,fl9t #f p>ts ,/one #d p>ts ,feldsp> #d p>ts ,blue /a91 #b p9ts to ton4 ,,vi4 7,p>ian74-- ,/one #aa p>ts ,feldsp> #aj p>ts ,*9a clay #h p>ts ,,color$ ,,bodies3 ,ivory ,body4-- ,ball clay #bb p>ts ,*9a #e #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t #e p>ts ,/one #c #a_/b p>ts ,d>k ,drab ,body4-- ,cane m>l #cj p>ts ,ball clay #aj p>ts ,cornwall /one #g p>ts ,feldsp> #d p>ts ,black ,body4-- ,ball clay #abj p>ts ,o*] #abj p>ts ,manganese #ce p>ts ,cobalt c>bonate #b p>ts ,gr9d ! ?ree la/ m5tion$ +r$i5ts fir/4 ,cal$onia ,body4-- ,yell[ clay #cb p>ts ,*9a clay #aj p>ts ,fl9t #d p>ts ,br[n ,body4-- ,r$ clay #ej p>ts ,common clay #g #a_/b p>ts ,manganese #a "p ,fl9t #a "p ,jasp] ,body4-- ,cawk clay #aj p>ts ,blue clay #aj p>ts ,bone #e p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts ,cobalt #a_/d "p ,/one ,body4-- ,/one #dh p>ts ,blue clay #be p>ts ,*9a clay #bd p>ts ,cobalt #aj p>ts ,egyptian ,black4-- ,blue clay #bce p>ts ,calc9$ o*] #bbe p>ts ,manganese #de p>ts ,*9a clay #ae p>ts ,iron/one ,body4-- ,/one #bjj p>ts ,cornwall clay #aej p>ts #afi ,blue clay #bjj p>ts ,fl9t #ajj p>ts ,calx #a "p ,cream ,body4-- ,blue clay #a #a_/b p>ts ,br[n clay #a #a_/b p>ts ,black clay #a "p ,corni% clay #a "p ,common ball clay #a_/d "p ,buff color #a_/d "p ,light ,drab4-- ,cane m>l #cj p>ts ,ball clay #bd p>ts ,feldsp> #g p>ts ,sage ,body4-- ,cane m>l #ae p>ts ,ball clay #ae p>ts ,*9a clay #e p>ts ,/a9$ ) turquoise /a94 ,,color$ ,,glazes ,,= ,,pott]y3 ,blue4-- ,:ite glaze #ajj p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #c p>ts ,r$ lead #aj p>ts ,fl[+ blue #c p>ts ,enamel blue #c p>ts ,gr9d4 ,p9k4-- ,:ite glaze #ajj p>ts ,r$ lead #h p>ts ,m>one p9k ,u4 ,g4 #h p>ts ,enamel r$ #c p>ts ,gr9d4 ,buff4-- ,:ite glaze #ajj p>ts ,r$ lead #aj p>ts ,buff color #h p>ts ,gr9d4 ,ivory4-- ,:ite glaze #ajj p>ts ,r$ lead #h p>ts ,enamel amb] #h p>ts ,yell[ und]glaze #b p>ts ,gr9d4 ,turquoise4-- ,:ite glaze #ajj p>ts ,r$ lead #aj p>ts ,c>bonate ( soda #e p>ts ,enamel blue #d p>ts ,mala*ite1 #aaj #d p>ts ,gr9d4 ,yell[4-- ,i4--,:ite glaze #ajj p>ts ,r$ lead #aj p>ts ,oxide ( uranium #h p>ts ,gr9d4 ,,ii4--,dri$ fl9t #e p>ts ,cornwall /one #ae p>ts ,li?>ge #ej p>ts ,yell[ und]glaze #d p>ts ,gr9d4 ,gre54-- ,i4--,oxide ( copp] #h p>ts ,fl9t ( glass #c p>ts ,fl9t #a "p ,r$ lead #f p>ts ,gr9d1 !n take3 ,( above #a "p ,:ite glaze #f p>ts ,or /rong] z requir$4 ,,ii4--,r$ lead #fj p>ts ,/one #bd p>ts ,fl9t #ab p>ts ,fl9t glass #ab p>ts ,*9a clay #c p>ts ,calc9$ oxide ( copp] #ad p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #a_/d "p ,gr9d only4 ,gre5 ,glaze1 ,be/4-- ,,iii4--,/one #hj p>ts ,fl9t #h p>ts ,soda cry/als #d p>ts ,borax #c #a_/b p>ts ,nit] #b p>ts ,:it+ #b p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #a_/d "p ,glo/ fire1 !n take3 ,above frit #fj p>ts ,r$ lead #eg p>ts ,calc9$ oxide ( copp] #e #a_/d p>ts ,black4-- ,r$ lead #bd p>ts ,raddle #d p>ts ,manganese #d p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #b p>ts ,c>bonate ( cobalt #b p>ts ,glo/ fire4 ,,:ite ,,glazes3 ,*9a4--,frit3 ,i4--,/one #f p>ts ,nit] #b p>ts ,borax #ab p>ts ,fl9t #d p>ts ,pe>l a% #b p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #bd p>ts ,/one #ae #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t #f #a_/b p>ts ,:ite lead #ca p>ts #agj ,,ii4--,frit3 ,/one #bd p>ts ,borax #ec p>ts ,lynn s& #dj p>ts ,feldsp> #cb p>ts ,p>is :ite #af p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #ij p>ts ,/one #cj p>ts ,:ite lead #ij p>ts ,fl9t #d p>ts ,glass #b p>ts ,,iii4--,frit3 ,/one #ej p>ts ,borax #dj p>ts ,fl9t #cj p>ts ,fl9t glass #cj p>ts ,pe>l b>ytes #aj p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #afj p>ts ,r$ lead #cj p>ts ,enamel blue #a_/b "p ,fl9t glass #b p>ts ,,iv4--,frit3 ,borax #ajj p>ts ,*9a clay #ee p>ts ,:it+ #fj p>ts ,feldsp> #ge p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #bjj p>ts ,*9a clay #af p>ts ,:ite clay #c #a_/b p>ts ,/one #c p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts ,v4--,frit3 ,/one #dj p>ts ,fl9t #be p>ts ,nit] #aj p>ts ,borax #bj p>ts ,:ite lead #aj p>ts ,fl9t glass #dj p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #ade p>ts ,/one #ef p>ts ,borax #af p>ts ,fl9t #ae p>ts ,r$ lead #fj p>ts ,fl9t glass #h p>ts ,e>!nw>e4--,frit3 ,i4--,fl9t #ajh p>ts ,*9a clay #de p>ts ,p>is :ite #fj p>ts ,borax #hj p>ts ,soda cry/als #cj p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #bgj p>ts ,fl9t #bj p>ts ,p>is :ite #ae p>ts ,/one #hj p>ts ,:ite lead #fe p>ts ,,ii4--,frit3 ,fl9t #fb p>ts ,*9a clay #cj p>ts ,p>is :ite #ch p>ts ,boracic acid #dh p>ts ,soda cry/als #bf p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #bcj p>ts ,/one #afj p>ts ,fl9t #fj p>ts ,lead #abj p>ts ,,iii4--,frit3 ,/one #ef p>ts ,p>is :ite #ee p>ts ,fl9t #fj p>ts ,*9a clay #bj p>ts ,borax #abj p>ts ,soda cry/als #ae p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #bab p>ts ,/one #acj p>ts ,fl9t #ej p>ts ,lead #aaj p>ts ,/a9 z requir$4 ,,iv4--,frit3 ,/one #ajj p>ts ,fl9t #dd p>ts ,p>is :ite #df p>ts ,borax #gj p>ts ,nit] #aj p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #bjj p>ts ,/one #fj p>ts ,lead #hj p>ts ,pe>l ,:ite ,glaze4--,frit3 ,fl9t #ej p>ts ,/one #ajj p>ts ,p>is :ite #bj p>ts ,borax #fj p>ts ,soda cry/als #bj p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #agh p\nds ,lead #ee p\nds ,/a9 #c ounces ,opaque ,glaze4--,frit3 ,borax #gd p>ts ,/one #id p>ts ,fl9t #cj p>ts ,*9a clay #bb p>ts ,pe>l a% #e #a_/b p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #age p>ts ,lead #df p>ts #aga ,fl9t #aj p>ts ,oxide ( t9 #ab p>ts ,fl9t glass #ab p>ts ,glaze = ,granite4--,frit3 ,i4--,/one #ajj p>ts ,fl9t #hj p>ts ,*9a clay #cj p>ts ,p>is :ite #cj p>ts ,feldsp> #dj p>ts ,soda cry/als #dj p>ts ,borax #hj p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #cfj p>ts ,fl9t #ej p>ts ,/one #ej p>ts ,lead #hj p>ts ,,ii4--,frit3 ,borax #ajj p>ts ,/one #ej p>ts ,fl9t #ej p>ts ,p>is :ite #dj p>ts ,*9a clay #bj p>ts ,to mill3 ,frit #baj p>ts ,/one #ajd p>ts ,fl9t #fd p>ts ,lead #ie p>ts ,raw ,glazes4--,:ite3 ,i4--,:ite lead #afj p>ts ,borax #cb p>ts ,/one #dh p>ts ,fl9t #eb p>ts ,/a9 ) blue & gr9d4 ,,ii4--,:ite lead #hj p>ts ,li?>ge #fj p>ts ,boracic acid #dj p>ts ,/one #de p>ts ,fl9t #ej p>ts ,treat z =ego+4 ,,iii4--,:ite lead #ajj p>ts ,borax #d p>ts ,fl9t #aa p>ts ,cornwall /one #ej p>ts ,,iv4--,r$ lead #hj p>ts ,li?>ge #fj p>ts ,t9cal #dj p>ts ,/one #dj p>ts ,fl9t #eb p>ts ,,rock+ham ,,glazes4 ,i4--,li?>ge #ej p>ts ,/one #g #a_/b p>ts ,r$ m>l #c p>ts ,oxide ( manganese #e p>ts ,r$ oxide ( iron #a "p ,,ii4--,:ite lead #cj p>ts ,/one #c p>ts ,fl9t #i p>ts ,r$ m>l #c p>ts ,manganese #e p>ts ,,iii4--,r$ lead #bj p>ts ,/one #c p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts ,*9a clay #b p>ts ,manganese #c p>ts ,r$ oxide ( iron #a "p ,/onew>e ,bodies4-- ,ball clay #ad p>ts ,*9a clay #aj p>ts ,/one #h p>ts ,ball clay #h p>ts ,*9a clay #e p>ts ,fl9t #c p>ts ,/one #d p>ts ,ball clay #ad p>ts ,*9a clay #aa p>ts ,fl9t #d p>ts ,/one #e p>ts ,feldsp> #d p>ts ,cane m>l #af p>ts ,*9a clay #aj p>ts ,/one #i p>ts ,fl9t #e p>ts ,glazes4--,h>d glaze3 ,/one #aj p>ts ,fl9t #e p>ts ,:it+ #a #a_/b p>ts ,r$ lead #aj p>ts ,h>d glaze3 ,feldsp> #be p>ts ,fl9t #e p>ts ,r$ lead #ae p>ts ,pla/] #a "p ,s(t]3 ,:ite lead #ac p>ts ,fl9t glass #aj p>ts ,feldsp> #ah p>ts ,/one #c p>ts ,:it+ #a #a_/b p>ts ,be/3 ,feldsp> #bj p>ts ,fl9t glass #ad p>ts ,:ite lead #ad p>ts ,/one #c p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #c p>ts ,:it+ #a #a_/b p>ts ,pla/] #a "p ,rock+ham ,bodies4-- ,ball clay #bj p>ts ,*9a clay #ac p>ts ,fl9t #g p>ts ,/one #a "p ,cane m>l #bb p>ts ,*9a clay #ae p>ts ,fl9t #h p>ts ,feldsp> #a "p #agb ,glazes4-- ,i4--,r$ lead #fj p>ts ,/one #h p>ts ,r$ clay #c p>ts ,be/ manganese #e p>ts ,,ii4--,:ite lead #fj p>ts ,feldsp> #f p>ts ,fl9t #af p>ts ,r$ clay #f p>ts ,manganese #ab p>ts ,,iii4--,r$ lead #ajj p>ts ,/one #ae p>ts ,fl9t #aj p>ts ,*9a clay #aj p>ts ,manganese #dj p>ts ,crocus m>tis #b p>ts ,,iv4--,li?>ge #ajj p>ts ,feldsp> #ad p>ts ,*9a clay #bj p>ts ,manganese #dj p>ts ,oxide ( iron #b p>ts ,jet4--,procure "s fir/-class r$ m>l1 add wat]1 &1 by pass+ ?r\gh a f9e lawn1 make x into a slip1 & dip ! w>e !re94 ,:5 fir$ use ! foll[+3 ,glaze4-- ,/one #fj p>ts ,fl9t #cj p>ts ,p>is :ite #g #a_/b p>ts ,r$ lead #adj p>ts ,"o "p maz>9e blue /a9 to #aj p>ts glaze4 ,maz>9e ,blue ,/a94-- ,oxide ( cobalt #aj p>ts ,p>is :ite #i p>ts ,sulphate b>ytes #a "p ,calc9e4 ,ano!r ,process ,body4-- ,ball clay #af p>ts ,*9a clay #ab p>ts ,fl9t clay #i p>ts ,/one clay #f p>ts ,black /a9 #g p>ts ,glaze4-- ,li?>ge #gj p>ts ,p>is :ite #c p>ts ,fl9t #ab p>ts ,/one #cj p>ts ,black /a9 #bj p>ts ,black ,/a94-- ,*romate ( iron #ab p>ts ,oxide ( nickel #b p>ts ,oxide ( t9 #b p>ts ,c>bonate ( cobalt #e p>ts ,oxide ( manganese #b p>ts ,calc9e & gr9d4 ,blue ,/a9s4-- ,i4--,oxide ( cobalt #b #a_/b p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #g #a_/b p>ts ,/one #g #a_/b p>ts ,fire ?is v h>d4 ,,ii4--,z9c #f p\nds ,fl9t #d p\nds ,*9a clay #d p\nds ,oxide ( cobalt #e ounces ,h>d fire4 ,,iii4--,:it+ #c #c_/d p>ts ,fl9t #c #c_/d p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #b #a_/b p>ts ,glo/ fire4 ,turquoise ,/a94-- ,prep>$ cobalt #a #a_/b p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #f p>ts ,*9a clay #f p>ts ,c>bonate ( soda4 #a "p ,h>d fire4 ,,mat]ials3 ,t9 ,a%4-- ,old lead #d p>ts ,gra9 t9 #b p>ts ,melt 9 an iron ladle1 & p\r out 9 wat]1 !n spread on a di%1 & calc9e 9 glo/ ov5 ) pl5ty ( air4 ,oxide ( ,t94-- ,granulat$ t9 #e p\nds ,nit] #a_/b p\nd ,put on sauc]s & fire 9 glo/ ov54 ,oxide ( ,*rome is made by mix+ p[d]$ bi*romate ( pota% ) sulphur z foll[s3 ,pota% #f p>ts ,fl[]s ( sulphur #a "p ,put 9 sagg>1 inside kiln1 s t fumes are c>ri$ away1 & place #d or #e pieces ( r$-hot iron on ! top s z to ignite x4 ,leave ab\t #ab h\rs1 !n p\nd v f9e1 & put 9 sagg> aga94 ,calc9e 9 h>d place ( biscuit ov54 ,wa% ?is until ! wat] is q cle>1 & dry = use4 ,production ( ,lu/] ,colors on ,porcela9 & ,glaz$ ,pott]y4--,! lu/] colors are readily decompos$ by acids & atmosph]ic influ5ces1 because !y d n conta91 9 consequ5ce ( ! l[ bak+ temp]ature1 en\gh silicic acid to =m resi/ive comp\nds4 ,9 ord] to atta9 ?is1 ,g4 ,alefeld has pat5t$ a process accord+ to :i* su* comp\nds are add$ to ! lu/] prep>ations z leave beh9d aft] ! burn+ an acid :i* trans=ms ! lu/] prep>ation into m resi/+ #agc comp\nds4 ,9 ?is connection ! admixture ( su* bodies has be5 f\nd advantage\s1 z !y =m phosphides ) ! metallic oxides ( ! lu/]s aft] ! burn+4 ,^! phosphides are especially fitt$ = ! production ( saturat$ resi/+ comp\nds1 n only on acc\nt ( _! insolubility 9 wat]1 b also on acc\nt ( _! color+s4 ,simil>ly titanic1 molybdic1 tung/ic1 & vanadic comp\nds may be produc$4 ,! metallic phosphates produc$ by ! burn+ give a lu/] coat+ :i*1 z reg>ds gloss1 is n inf]ior to ! non-saturat$ metallic oxides1 :ile x mat]ially excels !m 9 p[] ( resi/ance4 ,s9ce ! lu/]s to be appli$ are us$ dissolv$ 9 ess5tial oils1 x is necess>y to make ! admixture ( phosphoric sub/ance also 9 a =m soluble 9 ess5tial oils4 ,= ! production ( ?is admixture ! respective *lorides1 preem95tly phosphoric *loride1 are suitable4 ,!y are mix$ ) oil ( lav5d] 9 ! ratio ( #a to #e1 & ! result+ reaction product is add$ to ! comm]cial metallic oxide lu/]1 s+ly or 9 conjunction ) preci\s metal prep>ations 7glossy gold1 silv]1 plat9um1 etc47 9 ! approximate proportion ( #e to #a4 ,!n proce$ z usual4 ,in/ead ( ! *lorides1 nitrates & acetates1 z well z any readily de/ructible organic comp\nds1 may also be employ$1 :i* are ent]$ into fus+ ros9 or ros9\s liquids4 ,metallic ,lu/] on ,pott]y4--,accord+ to a process pat5t$ 9 ,g]many1 a mixture is prep>$ f v>i\s natural or artificial v>ieties ( o*]1 to :i* #be-ej p] c5t ( f9ely p[d]$ m or less metallif]\s or sulphur\s coal is add$4 ,! mass treat$ 9 ?is mann] is br\ght toge!r 9 sagg>s ) f9ely divid$ organic sub/ances1 su* z sawdu/1 %av+s1 wood-wool1 cut /raw1 etc41 & subject$ to feeble r$ heat4 ,aft] ! heat+ ! mat]ial is tak5 out4 ,! glaz+s n[ exhibit t ?9 b /able metallic color :i* is gov]n$ by ! sub/ances us$4 ,besides coal1 salts & oxides ( silv]1 cobalt1 cadmium1 *rome iron1 nickel1 manganese1 copp]1 or z9c may be employ$4 ,! color-giv+ lay] is remov$ by wa%+ or bru%+1 :ile ! desir$ color is burn$ 9 & rema9s4 ,9 ?is mann] h&some %ades c be produc$4 ,metallic ,glazes on ,enamels4--,! =mulas us$ by ! ,arabs & _! ,italian successors are p>tly disclos$ 9 manuscripts 9 ! ,briti% & ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museums2 two are giv5 bel[3 ,arab ,italian ,copp] sulphide #bf4hg #bd4gd ,silv] sulphide #a4ae #a4jc ,m]cury sulphide -- #bd4gd ,r$ o*] #ga4ih #di4di ,^! 7 gr\nd ) v9eg> & appli$ ) ! bru% to ! already bak$ enamel4 ,a great v>iety ( iridesc5t & metallic tones c be obta9$ by "o or ! o!r1 or a mixture ( ! foll[+ =mulas3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,v ,,vi ,copp] c>bonate #cj -- -- #bh -- #ie ,copp] oxalate -- -- -- -- #e -- ,copp] sulphide -- #bj -- -- -- -- ,silv] c>bonate -- #c -- #b #a #e ,bismu? subnitrate -- #ab -- -- #aj -- ,/ann\s oxide -- -- #be -- -- -- ,r$ o*] #gj #he #ee #gj #hd -- ,silv] *loride & yell[ o*] may be respectively sub/itut$ = silv] c>bonate & r$ o*]4 ,! +r$i5ts1 gr\nd ) a little gum tragacan? & wat]1 are appli$ ) a bru% to enamels melt+ ab\t #ahad ,f41 & are furnac$ at #abjb ,f4 9 a r$uc+ atmosph]e4 ,aft] cool+ ! f]rug9\s deposit is rubb$ (f1 & ! colors ?us br\ght out4 ,sulphur1 free or comb9$1 is n necess>y1 c9nab> has no action1 o*] may be disp5s$ )1 & any organic gummy matt] may be us$ in/ead ( v9eg>1 & broom is n ne$$ 9 ! furnace4 ,! int5sity & tone ( ! iridesc5ce dep5d on ! duration ( ! r$uction1 & ! nature ( ! enamel4 ,enamels conta9+ a color+ base--copp]1 iron1 antimony1 nickel--especially 9 pres5ce ( t91 give ! be/ results4 ,to ,t\gh5 ,*9a4--,to t\gh5 *9a or glass place ! new article 9 cold wat]1 br+ to boil gradually1 boil = #d h\rs1 & leave /&+ 9 ! wat] till cool4 ,glass or *9a t\gh5$ 9 ?is way w nev] crack ) hot wat]4 ,h[ to ,tell ,pott]y & ,porcela94--,! foll[+ simple te/ w s]ve3 ,hold ! piece up to ! light1 & if x c be se5 ?r\gh--t is1 if x is transluc5t--x is porcela94 ,pott]y is opaque1 & n s h>d & :ite z porcela94 ,! ma9 diff]5ces 9 ! manufacture ( /onew>e1 e>!nw>e1 & porcela9 are due to ! +r$i5ts us$1 to ! way !y are mix$1 & to ! degree ( heat to :i* !y are #agd subject$ 9 fir+4 ,mo/ ( ! old ,engli% w>es f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry are pott]y or semi*9a1 al?\gh ! t]m *9a is commonly appli$ to !m all4 ,*eese ,manufacture4--,! process ( *eese mak+ is "o :i* is em95tly int]e/+ & sci5tific1 & :i*1 9 e gradation1 dep5ds on pr9ciples :i* *emi/ry has develop$ & illu/rat$4 ,:5 a vegetable or m9]al acid is add$ to milk1 & heat appli$1 a coagulum is =m$1 :i*1 :5 sep>at$ f ! liquid portion1 con/itutes *eese4 ,neutral salts1 e>?y & metallic salts1 sug>1 & gum arabic1 z well z "s o!r sub/ances1 also produce ! same effect2 b t :i* answ]s ! purpose be/1 & :i* is almo/ exclusively us$ by dairy f>m]s1 is r5net1 or ! muc\s membrane ( ! la/ /oma* ( ! calf4 ,alkalies dissolve ?is curd at a boil+ heat1 & acids aga9 precipitate x4 ,! solubility ( case9 9 milk is occasion$ by ! pres5ce ( ! phosphates & o!r salts ( ! alkalies4 ,9 fre% milk ^! sub/ances may be readily detect$ by ! prop]ty x possesses ( re/or+ ! color ( r$d5$ litmus pap]4 ,! addition ( an acid neutralizes ! alkali1 & s precipitates ! curd 9 an insoluble /ate4 ,! philosophy ( *eese mak+ is ?us exp\nd$ by ,liebig3 8,! acid indisp5sable to ! coagulation ( milk is n add$ to ! milk 9 ! prep>ation ( *eese1 b x is =m$ 9 ! milk at ! exp5se ( ! milk-sug> pres5t4 ,a small quantity ( wat] is left 9 contact ) a small quantity ( a calf's /oma* = a few h\rs1 or = a night2 ! wat] absorbs s m9ute a portion ( ! muc\s membrane z to be sc>cely pond]able2 ?is is mix$ ) milk2 its /ate ( trans=mation is communicat$ 7& ?is is a mo/ important circum/ance7 n to ! *eese1 b to ! milk-sug>1 ! elem5ts ( :i* transpose !mselves into lactic acid1 :i* neutralizes ! alkalies1 & ?us causes ! sep>ation ( ! *eese4 ,by means ( litmus pap] ! process may be foll[$ & obs]v$ ?r\gh all its /ages2 ! alkal9e reaction ( ! milk ceases z soon z ! coagulation beg9s4 ,if ! *eese is n imm$iately sep>at$ f ! :ey1 ! =mation ( lactic acid cont9ues1 ! fluid turns acid1 & ! *eese itself passes into a /ate ( decomposition4 8,:5 *eese-curd is kept 9 a cool place a s]ies ( trans=mation takes place1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x assumes entirely new prop]ties2 x gradually becomes semi-transp>5t1 & m or less s(t1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole mass2 x exhibits a feebly acid reaction1 & develops ! *>act]i/ic case\s odor4 ,fre% *eese is v sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 b aft] hav+ be5 left to itself = two or ?ree ye>s x becomes 7especially if all ! fat be previ\sly remov$7 almo/ completely soluble 9 cold wat]1 =m+ ) x a solution :i*1 l milk1 is coagulat$ by ! addition ( ! acetic or any m9]al acid4 ,! *eese1 :i* :il/ fre% is insoluble1 returns dur+ ! maturation1 or rip5+1 z x is call$1 to a /ate simil> to t 9 :i* x orig9ally exi/$ 9 ! milk4 ,9 ^? ,engli%1 ,dut*1 & ,swiss *eeses :i* are ne>ly inodor\s1 & 9 ! sup]ior k9ds ( ,fr5* *eese1 ! case9 ( ! milk is pres5t 9 its unalt]$ /ate4 8,! odor & flavor ( ! *eese is due to ! decomposition ( ! butt]2 ! non-volatile acids1 ! m>g>ic & oleic acids1 & ! volatile butyric acid1 capric & caproic acids are lib]at$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! decomposition ( glyc]9e4 ,butyric acid imp>ts to *eese its *>act]i/ic case\s odor1 & ! diff]5ces 9 its pung5cy or aromatic flavor dep5d ^u ! proportion ( free butyric1 capric1 & caproic acids pres5t4 ,9 ! *eese ( c]ta9 dairies & di/ricts1 val]ianic acid has be5 detect$ along ) ! o!r acids j ref]r$ to4 ,messrs ,jlj5jo & ,lask[ski f\nd ?is acid 9 ! *eese ( ,limb\rg1 & ,m4 ,bol>d 9 t ( ,roque=t4 8,! transition ( ! insoluble into soluble case9 dep5ds ^u ! decomposition ( ! phosphate ( lime by ! m>g>ic acid ( ! butt]2 m>g>ate ( lime is =m$1 :il/ ! phosphoric acid comb9es ) ! case91 =m+ a comp\nd soluble 9 wat]4 8,! bad smell ( inf]ior k9ds ( *eese1 especially ^? call$ meag] or poor *eeses1 is caus$ by c]ta9 fetid products conta9+ sulphur1 & :i* are =m$ by ! decomposition or putrefaction ( ! case94 ,! alt]ation :i* ! butt] und]goes 7t is1 9 becom+ rancid71 or :i* occurs 9 ! milk-sug> /ill pres5t1 be+ transmitt$ to ! case91 *anges bo? ! composition ( ! latt] sub/ance & its nutritive qualities4 8,! pr9cipal conditions = ! prep>ation ( ! sup]ior k9ds ( *eese #age 7o!r obvi\s circum/ances be+ ( c\rse duly reg>d$7 are a c>eful removal ( ! :ey1 :i* holds ! milk-sug> 9 solution1 & a l[ temp]ature dur+ ! maturation or rip5+ ( ! *eese40 ,*eese diff]s va/ly 9 quality & flavor accord+ to ! me?od employ$ 9 its manufacture & ! ri*ness ( ! milk ( :i* x is made4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! quantity ( cream x conta9s1 &1 consequ5tly1 :5 a sup]ior quality ( *eese is desir$ cream is frequ5tly add$ to ! curd4 ,?is plan is adopt$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,/ilton *eese & o!rs ( a l description4 ,! addition ( a p\nd or two ( butt] to ! curd = a middl+ size *eese also va/ly improves ! quality ( ! product4 ,to insure ! ri*ness ( ! milk1 n only %\ld ! c[s be prop]ly f$1 b c]ta9 bre$s *os54 ,^? ( ,ald]ney1 ,*$d>1 ,*e%ire1 etc41 h be5 widely pref]r$4 ,! mat]ials employ$ 9 mak+ *eese are milk & r5net4 ,r5net is us$ ei!r fre% or salt$ & dri$2 g5]ally 9 ! latt] /ate4 ,! milk may be ( any k9d1 accord+ to ! quality ( ! *eese requir$4 ,c[s' milk is t g5]ally employ$1 b occasionally ewes' milk is us$2 & sometimes1 ?\gh m r>ely1 t f goats4 ,9 prep>+ 8 *eese ! dairy f>m] puts ! great] portion ( ! milk into a l>ge tub1 to :i* he adds ! rema9d]1 suffici5tly heat$ to raise ! temp]ature to t ( new milk4 ,! :ole is !n :isk$ toge!r1 ! r5net or r5net liquor add$1 & ! tub cov]$ ov]4 ,x is n[ all[$ to /& until completely 8turn$10 :5 ! curd is g5tly /ruck d[n sev]al times ) ! skimm+ di%1 aft] :i* x is all[$ to subside4 ,! vat1 cov]$ ) *eese clo?1 is next plac$ on a 8horse0 or 8ladd]0 ov] ! tub1 & fill$ ) curd by means ( ! skimm]1 c>e be+ tak5 to all[ z little z possible ( ! oily p>ticles or butt] to run back ) ! :ey4 ,! curd is press$ d[n ) ! h&s1 & m add$ z x s9ks4 ,?is process is repeat$ until ! curd rises to ab\t two in*es above ! edge4 ,! newly =m$ *eese1 ?us p>tially sep>at$ f ! :ey1 is n[ plac$ 9 a clean tub1 & a prop] quantity ( salt1 z well z ( annotta1 add$ :5 t color+ is us$1 aft] :i* a bo>d is plac$ ov] & "u x1 & pressure appli$ = ab\t #b or #c h\rs4 ,! *eese is next turn$ out & surr\nd$ by a fre% *eese clo?1 & !n aga9 submitt$ to pressure 9 ! *eese press = #h or #aj h\rs1 aft] :i* x is commonly remov$ f ! press1 salt$ all ov]1 & aga9 press$ = #ae to #bj h\rs4 ,! quality ( ! *eese especially dep5ds on ?is "p ( ! process1 z if any ( ! :ey is left 9 ! *eese x rapidly becomes bad-flavor$4 ,be=e plac+ x 9 ! press ! la/ "t ! common practice is to p>e ! edges smoo? & sightly4 ,x n[ only rema9s to wa% ! outside ( ! *eese 9 w>m :ey or wat]1 to wipe x dry1 & to color x ) annotta or r$dle1 z is usually done4 ,! /or+ ( ! newly made *eese is ! next po9t t engages ! att5tion ( ! mak] & :olesale deal]4 ,! same pr9ciples :i* influ5ce ! maturation or rip5+ ( f]m5t$ liquors also op]ate "h4 ,a cool cell>1 nei!r damp nor dry1 & :i* is un9flu5c$ by *ange ( wea!r or season1 is commonly reg>d$ z ! be/ = ! purpose4 ,if possible1 ! temp]ature %\ld on no acc\nt be p]mitt$ to exce$ #ej or #eb ,f4 at any portion ( ! ye>4 ,an av]age ( ab\t #de ,f4 is pref]able :5 x c be procur$4 ,a place expos$ to sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature is z unfit = /or+ *eese z x is = /or+ be]4 8,! quality ( ,roque=t *eese1 :i* is prep>$ f %eep's milk1 & is v excell5t1 dep5ds exclusively ^u ! places :]e ! *eeses are kept aft] press+ & dur+ maturation4 ,^! are cell>s1 communicat+ ) m\nta9 grottoes & cav]ns :i* are kept con/antly cool1 at ab\t #da to #db ,f41 by curr5ts ( air f clefts 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,! value ( ^! cell>s z /oreh\ses v>ies ) _! prop]ty ( ma9ta9+ an equable & l[ temp]ature40 ,x w ?us be se5 t v slight diff]5ces 9 ! mat]ials1 9 ! prep>ation1 or 9 /or+ ( ! *eese1 mat]ially influ5ce ! quality & flavor ( ?is article4 ,! ri*ness ( ! milk2 ! addition to or subtraction ( cream f ! milk2 ! sep>ation ( ! curd f ! :ey ) or )\t compression2 ! salt+ ( ! curd2 ! collection ( ! curd1 ei!r :ole or brok51 be=e press+2 ! addition ( color+ matt]1 z annotta or saffron1 or ( flavor+2 ! place & me?od ( /or+2 & ! l5g? ( "t all[$ = maturation1 all t5d to alt] ! ta/e & odor ( ! *eese 9 "s or o!r p>ticul>1 & t 9 a way readily #agf p]ceptible to ! palate ( ! connoisseur4 ,no o!r alim5t>y sub/ance appe>s to be s s]i\sly affect$ by slight v>iations 9 ! quality ( ! mat]ials f :i* x is made1 or by su* app>5tly trifl+ diff]5ces 9 ! me?ods ( prep>+4 ,! v>ieties ( *eese met ) 9 comm]ce are v num]\s1 & diff] greatly f ea* o!r 9 ri*ness1 color1 & flavor4 ,^! are commonly di/+ui%$ by names indicative ( ! places 9 :i* !y h be5 manufactur$1 or ( ! quality ( ! mat]ials f :i* !y h be5 prep>$4 ,?us we h ,dut*1 ,gl\ce/]1 ,/ilton1 skimm$ milk1 raw milk1 cream1 & o!r *eeses2 names :i* expla9 !mselves4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal v>ieties3 ,am]ican ,factory4--,same z ,*$d>4 ,brickbat4--,nam$ f its =m2 made1 9 ,wilt%ire1 ( new milk & cream4 ,brie4--,a s(t1 :ite1 cream *eese ( ,fr5* orig94 ,*$d>4--,a f9e1 spongy k9d ( *eese1 ! eyes or vesicles ( :i* conta9 a ri* oil2 made up into r\nd1 ?ick *eeses ( consid]able size 7#aej to #bjj p\nds74 ,*e%ire4--,f new milk1 )\t skimm+1 ! morn+'s milk be+ mix$ ) t ( ! prec$+ ev5+'s1 previ\sly w>m$1 s t ! :ole may be br\ght to ! heat ( new milk4 ,to ?is ! r5net is add$1 9 less quantity ?an is commonly us$ = o!r k9ds ( *eese4 ,on ?is po9t mu* ( ! flavor & mildness ( ! *eese is said to dep5d4 ,a piece ( dri$ r5net1 ( ! size ( a half-doll> put into a p9t ( wat] ov] night1 & all[$ to /& until ! next morn+1 is suffici5t = #ah or #bj gallons ( milk2 9 l>ge1 r\nd1 ?ick *eeses 7#ajj to #bjj p\nds ea*74 ,!y are g5]ally solid1 homog5e\s1 & dry1 & friable r ?an viscid4 ,cott5ham4--,a ri* k9d ( *eese1 9 flavor & consi/5ce n unlike ,/ilton1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 x diff]s 9 %ape1 be+ flatt] & broad] ?an ! latt]4 ,cream4--,f ! 8/ripp+s0 7! la/ ( ! milk drawn f ! c[ at ea* milk+71 f a mixture ( milk & cream1 or f raw cream only1 accord+ to ! quality desir$4 ,x is usually made 9 small oblong1 squ>e1 or r\nd$ cakes1 a g5]al pressure only 7t ( a #b- or #d-p\nd weight7 be+ appli$ to press out ! :ey4 ,aft] #ab h\rs x is plac$ ^u a bo>d or wood5 tr5*]1 & turn$ e day until dry4 ,x rip5s 9 ab\t #c weeks4 ,a little salt is g5]ally add$1 & frequ5tly a little p[d]$ lump sug>4 ,damson4--,prep>$ f damsons boil$ ) a little wat]1 ! pulp pass$ ?r\gh a sieve1 & !n boil$ ) ab\t "o-f\r? ! weight ( sug>1 until ! mixture solidifies on cool+2 x is next p\r$ into small t9 molds previ\sly du/$ out ) sug>4 ,*]ry *eese1 gooseb]ry *eese1 plum *eese1 etc41 are prep>$ 9 ! same way1 us+ ! respective k9ds ( fruit4 ,!y are all v agreeable c&ies or confections4 ,d]by%ire4--,a small1 :ite1 ri* v>iety1 v simil> to ,dunlop *eese4 ,dunlop4--,ri*1 :ite1 & butt]y2 9 r\nd =ms1 weigh+ f #cj to #fj p\nds4 ,dut* 7,holl&74--,( a globul> =m1 #e to #ad p\nds ea*4 ,^? f ,edam are v highly salt$2 ^? f ,g\da less s4 ,emm5?al]4--,same z ,gruyre4 ,gl\ce/]4--,s+le ,gl\ce/]1 f milk depriv$ ( "p ( its cream2 d\ble ,gl\ce/]1 f milk reta9+ ! :ole ( ! cream4 ,mild ta/$1 semi-butt]y consi/5ce1 )\t be+ friable2 9 l>ge1 r\nd1 flatti% =ms4 ,gre5 or ,sage4--,f milk mix$ ) ! juice ( an infusion or decoction ( sage leaves1 to :i* m>igold fl[]s & p>sley are frequ5tly add$4 ,gruyre4--,a f9e k9d ( *eese made 9 ,switz]l&1 & l>gely consum$ on ! ,cont95t4 ,x is firm & dry1 & exhibits num]\s cells ( consid]able magnitude4 ,holl&4--,same z ,dut*4 ,legum9\s4--,! ,*9ese prep>e an actual *eese f peas1 call$ tao-foo1 :i* !y sell 9 ! /reets ( ,canton4 ,! pa/e f /eep$ gr\nd peas is boil$1 :i* causes ! />* to dissolve ) ! case92 aft] /ra9+ ! liquid x is coagulat$ by a solution ( gypsum2 ?is coagulum is work$ up l s\r milk1 salt$1 & press$ into molds4 ,limburg]4--,a /rong v>iety ( *eese1 s(t & well rip5$4 ,l9coln4--,f new milk & cream2 9 pieces ab\t #b in*es ?ick4 ,s(t1 & w n keep ov] #b or #c mon?s4 #agg ,neuf*tel4--,a mu*-e/eem$ v>iety ( ,swiss *eese2 made ( cream1 & weighs ab\t #e or #f ounces4 ,norfolk4--,dy$ yell[ ) annotta or saffron2 good1 b n sup]ior2 9 *eeses ( #cj to #ej p\nds4 ,p>mesan4--,f ! curd ( skimm$ milk1 h>d5$ by a g5tle heat4 ,! r5net is add$ at ab\t #abj1 & an h\r aft]w>ds ! curdl+ milk is set on a sl[ fire until heat$ to ab\t #aej ,f41 dur+ :i* ! curd sep>ates 9 small lumps4 ,a few p9*es ( saffron are !n ?r[n 94 ,ab\t a =tnight aft] mak+ ! out] cru/ is cut (f1 & ! new surface v>ni%$ ) l9se$ oil1 & "o side color$ r$4 ,roque=t4--,f ewes' milk2 ! be/ prep>$ 9 ,france4 ,x greatly resembles ,/ilton1 b is sc>cely ( equal ri*ness or quality1 & possesses a peculi> pung5cy & flavor4 ,roque=t1 ,imitation4--,! glut5 ( :eat is knead$ ) a little salt & a small portion ( a solution ( />*1 & made up into *eeses4 ,x is said t ?is mixture soon acquires ! ta/e1 smell1 & unctuosity ( *eese1 & :5 kept a c]ta9 "t is n to be di/+ui%$ f ! celebrat$ ,roque=t *eese1 ( :i* x possesses all ! peculi> pung5cy4 ,by slightly v>y+ ! process o!r k9ds ( *eese may be imitat$4 ,sage4--,same z gre5 *eese4 ,slipcoat or ,s(t4--,a v ri*1 :ite *eese1 some:at resembl+ butt]2 = pres5t use only4 ,/ilton4--,! ri*e/ & f9e/ *eese made 9 ,engl&4 ,f raw milk to :i* cream tak5 f o!r milk is add$2 9 *eeses g5]ally twice z high z !y are broad4 ,l w9e1 ?is *eese is va/ly improv$ by age1 & is !re=e seldom eat5 be=e x is #b ye>s old4 ,a spuri\s appe>ance ( age is sometimes giv5 to x by plac+ x 9 a w>m1 damp cell>1 or by surr\nd+ x ) masses ( f]m5t+ /raw or dung4 ,suffolk4--,f skimm$ milk2 9 r\nd1 flat =ms1 f #bd to #cj p\nds ea*4 ,v h>d & horny4 ,swiss4--,! pr9cipal *eeses made 9 ,switz]l& are ! ,gruyre1 ! ,neuf*tel1 & ! ,s*abzieg] or gre5 *eese4 ,! latt] is flavor$ ) melitot4 ,we/phalian4--,made 9 small balls or rolls ( ab\t #a p\nd ea*4 ,x d]ives its peculi> flavor f ! curd be+ all[$ to become p>tially putrid be=e be+ press$4 ,9 small balls or rolls ( ab\t #a p\nd ea*4 ,wilt%ire4--,resembles ,*e%ire or ,gl\ce/]4 ,! outside is pa9t$ ) r$dle or r$ o*] or :ey4 ,york4--,f cream4 ,x w n keep4 ,we give bel[ ! composition ( "s ( ! pr9cipal v>ieties ( *eese3 ,d\ble ,*$d> ,gl\ce/] ,skim ,wat] #cf4fd #ce4fa #dc4fd ,case9 #bc4ch #ba4gf #de4fd ,fatty matt] #ce4dd #ch4af #e4gf ,m9]al matt] #d4ed #d4dg #d4if #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj ,/ilton ,co!r/one ,wat] #cb4ah #ch4bh ,butt] #cg4cf #cj4hi ,case9 #bd4ca #bc4ic ,milk1 sug>1 & extractive matt]s #b4bb #c4gj ,m9]al matt] #c4ic #c4bj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj ,gruyre ,ord9>y 7,swiss7 ,dut* ,wat] #dj4jj #cf4aj ,case9 #ca4ej #bi4dj ,fatty matt] #bd4jj #bg4ej ,salts #c4jj 4#ij ,nonnitrog5\s organic matt] & loss4 #a4ej #f4aj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj ,:5 a :ole *eese is cut1 & ! consumption small1 x is g5]ally f\nd to become unpleasantly dry1 & to lose flavor be=e x is consum$4 ,?is is be/ prev5t$ by cutt+ a suffici5t quantity = a few days' consumption f ! *eese1 & keep+ ! rema9d] 9 a cool place1 r damp ?an dry1 spread+ a ?9 film ( butt] ov] ! fre% surface1 & cov]+ x ) a clo? or pan to keep (f ! dirt4 ,?is removes ! objection exi/+ 9 small families aga9/ pur*as+ a :ole *eese at a "t4 ,! common practice ( buy+ small quantities ( *eese %\ld be avoid$1 z n only a high] price is paid = any giv5 quality1 b !re is little likelihood ( obta9+ exactly ! same flavor twice runn+4 ,%\ld *eese become too dry to be #agh agreeable1 x may be us$ = /ew+1 or = mak+ grat$ *eese1 or ,wel% r>ebits4 ,goats' ,milk ,*eese4--,goats' milk *eese is made z foll[s3 ,w>m #bj qu>ts ( milk & coagulate x ) r5net1 ei!r ! p[d] or extract4 ,sep>ate ! curds f ! :ey 9 a col&]4 ,aft] a few days ! dry curd may be %ap$ into l>g] or small] *eeses1 ! =m] only salt$1 ! latt] conta9+ salt & c>away se$4 ,! *eeses mu/ be turn$ e day1 & spr9kl$ ) salt1 & any mold remov$4 ,aft] a few days !y may be put away on %elves to rip51 & left = sev]al weeks4 ,pure goat's milk *eese %\ld be firm & solid all ! way ?r\gh4 ,tw5ty qu>ts ( milk w make ab\t #d p\nds ( *eese4 ,,*eese ,,colorant3 ,see ,food4 ,,*emical ,,g>d5s3 ,see ,g>d5s1 ,*emical4 ,,*]ry ,,balsam3 ,see ,balsam4 ,,*]ry ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,*ew+ ,gums ,manufacture4--,! mak+ ( *ew+ gum is by no means ! simple op]ation :i* x seems to be4 ,mu* exp]i5ce 9 manipulation is necess>y to succe$1 & ! publi%$ =mulas c at be/ s]ve z a guide r ?an z some?+ to be absolutely & bl9dly foll[$4 ,?us1 if ! mass is ei!r too h>d or s(t1 *ange ! proportions until x is "r2 (t5 x w be f\nd t diff]5t pur*ases ( ! same article w v>y 9 _! *>act]i/ics :5 work$ up4 ,b giv5 a basis1 ! manufactur] c flavor & alt] to suit himself4 ,! mo/ successful manufactur]s attribute _! success to ! employm5t ( ! mo/ approv$ ma*9]y & ! greate/ att5tion to details4 ,! work+ =mulas & ! processes ( ^! manufactur]s are gu>d$ z trade secrets1 & aside f publi%+ g5]al =mulas1 little in=mation c be giv54 ,*icle gum is purifi$ by boil+ ) wat] & sep>at+ ! =eign matt]4 ,flavor+s1 peps91 sug>1 etc41 are work$ 9 "u pressure by suitable ma*9]y4 ,=mula3 ,i4--,gum *icle #a p\nd ,sug> #b p\nds ,glucose #a p\nd ,c>amel butt] #a p\nd ,fir/ ma% & s(t5 ! gum at a g5tle heat4 ,place ! sug> & glucose 9 a small copp] pan2 add en\gh wat] to dissolve ! sug>2 set on a fire & cook to #bdd ,f42 lift (f ! fire2 add ! c>amel butt] & la/ly ! gum2 mix well into a smoo? pa/e2 roll out on a smoo? m>ble1 du/+ ) f9ely p[d]$ sug>1 run ?r\gh siz+ ma*9e to ! prop] ?ickness1 cut into /rips1 & aga9 into ?9 slices4 ,,ii4--,*icle #f ounces ,p>aff9e #b ounces ,balsam ( ,tolu #b dra*ms ,balsam ( ,p]u #a dra*m ,sug> #bj ounces ,glucose #h ounces ,wat] #f ounces ,flavor+1 en\gh4 ,triturate ! *icle & balsams 9 wat]1 take out & add ! p>aff9e1 fir/ heat$4 ,boil ! sug>1 glucose1 & wat] toge!r to :at is kn[n to confection]s z 8crack0 heat1 p\r ! syrup ov] ! oil slab & turn into x ! gum mixture1 :i* w make x t\gh & pla/ic4 ,add any desir$ flavor4 ,,iii4--,gum *icle4 #abb p>ts ,p>aff9e #db p>ts ,balsam ( ,tolu4 #d p>ts ,sug> #chd p>ts ,wat] #dh p>ts ,dissolve ! sug> 9 ! wat] by ! aid ( heat & p\r ! resultant syrup on an oil$ slab4 ,melt ! gum1 balsam1 & p>aff9e toge!r & p\r on top ( ! syrup1 & "w ! :ole up toge!r4 ,,iv4--,gum *icle #bdj p>ts ,:ite wax #fd p>ts ,sug> #fdj p>ts ,glucose #abh p>ts ,wat] #aib p>ts ,balsam ( ,p]u #d p>ts ,flavor+ matt]1 en\gh4 ,proce$ z indicat$ 9 ,,ii4 ,v4--,balsam ( ,tolu #d p>ts ,b5zo9 #a "p ,:ite wax #a "p ,p>aff9e #a "p ,p[d]$ sug> #a "p ,melt toge!r1 mix well1 & roll into /icks ( ! usual dim5sions4 ,mix1 &1 :5 suffici5tly cool1 roll out into /icks or any o!r desirable =m4 #agi ,spruce ,*ew+ ,gum4-- ,spruce gum #bj p>ts ,*icle #bj p>ts ,sug>1 p[d]$ #fj p>ts ,melt ! gums sep>ately1 mix :ile hot1 & imm$iately add ! sug>1 a small portion at a "t1 knead+ x ?or\ghly on a hot slab4 ,:5 completely incorporat$ remove to a cold slab1 previ\sly du/$ ) p[d]$ sug>1 roll out at once into %eets1 & cut into /icks4 ,any desir$ flavor or color may be add$ to or incorporat$ ) ! sug>4 ,,*ick5-,,coop ,,application3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,*ick5 ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,*icory1 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,*ilbla9s3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,*ilbla9 ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,*ildr51 ,,doses ,,=3 ,see ,doses4 ,,*ills1 ,,bitt]s ,,=3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,*9a ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives & ,lutes4 ,,*9a3 ,see ,c]amics4 ,,*9a1 ,,to ,,remove ,,burn$ ,,lett]s ,,f3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods4 ,,*9a ,,repair+3 ,see ,porcela94 ,,*9a ,,rivet+4 ,*9a rivet+ is be/ left to practical m51 b x c be done ) a drill made f a spl9t] ( a diamond fix$ on a h&le4 ,if ?is is n to be _h1 get a small ?ree-corn]$ file1 h>d5 x by plac+ x 9 ! fire till r$ hot1 & !n plung+ x 9 cold wat]4 ,next gr9d ! po9t on a gr9d/one & f9i% on an oil/one4 ,) ! po9t pick out ! place to be bor$1 tak+ c>e to d x g5tly = fe> ( break+ ! article4 ,9 a little :ile a piece w break (f1 !n ! hole c easily be made by work+ ! po9t r\nd4 ,! wire may !n be pass$ ?r\gh & fa/5$4 ,a good cem5t may be made f #a ounce ( grat$ *eese1 #a_/b ounce ( f9ely p[d]$ quicklime1 & :ite ( egg suffici5t to make a pa/e4 ,! less cem5t appli$ ! bett]1 us+ a fea!r to spread x ov] ! brok5 edge4 ,,*lorides1 ,,platt',s3 ,see ,dis9fectants4 ,,*lor9e-,,pro(+3 ,see ,acid-,pro(+4 ,,*ocolate4 ,prep>e #a1jjj p>ts ( f9i%$ cacao & #cj p>ts ( fre% cacao oil1 9 a w>m$1 poli%$1 iron mort>1 into a liquid sub/ance1 add to x #hjj p>ts ( f9ely p[d]$ sug>1 &1 aft] a good consi/5cy has be5 rea*$1 #fj p>ts ( p[d]$ iron lactate & #fj p>ts ( sug> syrup1 f9ely rubb$ toge!r4 ,sc5t ) #dj p>ts ( vanilla sug>4 ,( ?is mass weigh out tablets ( #abe p>ts into ! molds4 ,coat+ ,tablets ) ,*ocolate4--,if a *ocolate :i* is free f sug> be plac$ 9 a di% ov] a wat] ba?1 x w melt into a fluid ( prop] consi/5ce = coat+ tablets4 ,no wat] mu/ be add$4 ,! coat+ is =m$ by dipp+ ! tablets4 ,:5 !y are suffici5tly h>d5$ !y are laid on oil$ pap] to dry4 ,,*ocolate ,,ca/or-,,oil ,,loz5ges3 ,see ,ca/or ,oil4 ,,*ocolate ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,*ocolate ,,extracts3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,*ocolate ,,soda ,,wat]3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,*ok+ ,,9 ,,cattle3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,*ol]a ,,rem$ies3 ,sun ,*ol]a ,mixture4-- ,t9cture ( opium #a "p ,t9cture ( capsicum #a "p ,t9cture ( rhub>b #a "p ,_s ( camphor #a "p ,_s ( pepp]m9t #a "p ,squibb's ,di>rhea ,mixture4-- ,t9cture opium #dj p>ts ,t9cture capsicum #dj p>ts ,_s camphor #dj p>ts ,*lor(orm #ae p>ts ,alcohol #fe p>ts #ahj ,aromatic ,rhub>b4-- ,c9namon1 gr\nd #h p>ts ,rhub>b #h p>ts ,calumba #d p>ts ,saffron #a "p ,p[d]$ opium #b p>ts ,oil pepp]m9t #e p>ts ,alcohol1 q4 s4 ad4 #ajj p>ts ,mac]ate ! gr\nd drugs ) #ge p>ts alcohol 9 a closely cov]$ p]colator = sev]al days1 !n all[ p]colation to proce$1 us+ suffici5t alcohol to obta9 #ie p>ts ( p]colate4 ,9 p]colate dissolve ! oil ( pepp]m9t4 ,rhub>b & ,camphor4-- ,t9cture capsicum #b ounces ,t9cture opium #b ounces ,t9cture camphor #c ounces ,t9cture cate*u #d ounces ,t9cture rhub>b #d ounces ,_s pepp]m9t #d ounces ,blackb]ry ,mixture4-- ,fluid extract blackb]ry root #b p9ts ,fluid g+]1 soluble #e #a_/c ounces ,fluid cate*u #e #a_/c ounces ,fluid opium = t9cture #afj m9ims ,br&y #h ounces ,sug> #d p\nds ,ess5ce cloves #bef m9ims ,ess5ce c9namon #bef m9ims ,*lor(orm #abh m9ims ,alcohol 7#be p] c5t71 q4 s4 ad4 #a gallon ,,*[*[3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,,*rome ,,yell[1 ,,te/ ,,=3 ,see ,pigm5ts4 ,,*romium ,,glue3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,*romo ,,mak+4 ,! production ( *romo pictures requires a little skill4 ,practice is necess>y4 ,! glass plate to be us$ %\ld be wa%$ (f ) w>m wat]1 & !n laid 9 a #aj p] c5t solution ( nitric acid4 ,aft] "o h\r1 wa% ) clean1 cold wat]1 dry ) a t[el1 & poli% ! plate ) good alcohol on ! inside--holl[ side--until no f+] m>ks or /reaks are visible4 ,?is is be/ asc]ta9$ by brea?+ on ! glass2 ! brea? %\ld %[ an ev5 blue surface on ! glass4 ,coat ! unm\nt$ photograph to be color$ ) b5z9e by means ( wadd+1 b )\t pressure1 s t ! ret\*+ ( ! picture is n di/urb$4 ,place #b tablets ( ord9>y kit*5 gelat9 9 #h #c_/d ounces ( di/ill$ or pure ra9 wat]1 soak = an h\r1 & !n heat until ! gelat9 has completely dissolv$4 ,p\r ?is w>m solution ov] ! poli%$ side ( ! glass1 s t ! liquid is ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,! be/ way is to p\r ! solution on ! upp] "r-h& corn]1 all[+ x to fl[ into ! left-h& corn]1 f !re to ! left bel[ & "r bel[1 f9ally lett+ ! sup]flu\s liquid run (f4 ,take ! photograph1 :i* has be5 previ\sly slightly moi/5$ on ! back1 lay x ) ! picture side on ! gelat9-cov]$ plate1 c5t]+ x nicely1 & squeeze out ! excess gelat9 solution g5tly1 pref]ably by means ( a rubb] squeegee4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 h[ev]1 n to displace ! picture 9 ?is manipulation1 z x is easily spoil$4 ,! solution mu/ nev] be all[$ to boil1 s9ce ?is w\ld r5d] ! gelat9 brittle & w\ld result 9 ! picture1 aft] hav+ be5 f9i%$1 crack+ (f f ! glass 9 a %ort "t4 ,:5 ! picture has be5 atta*$ to ! glass plate )\t bli/]s 7:i* is be/ obs]v$ f ! back71 ! edge ( ! glass is cleans$ ( gelat91 pref]ably by means ( a small sponge & lukew>m wat]1 & ! plate is all[$ to dry ov] night4 ,:5 ! picture & ! gelat9 are p]fectly dry1 coat ! back ( ! picture a few times ) ca/or oil until x is p]fectly transp>5t2 c>efully remove ! oil )\t rubb+1 & proce$ ) ! pa9t+1 :i* is be/ accompli%$ ) good1 n ov]-?ick oil colors4 ,! color+ mu/ be obs]v$ f ! glass side1 & = ?is reason ! small details1 su* z eyes1 lips1 be>d1 & hair1 %\ld fir/ be sket*$ 94 ,:5 ! fir/ coat is dry ! dress & ! fle% t9ts are pa9t$4 ,! :ole surface may be pa9t$ ov]1 & x is n necess>y to pa9t %ad[s1 z ^! are already pres5t 9 ! picture1 & consequ5tly %[ ! color ?r\gh 9 v>y+ /r5g?4 ,:5 ! color+ has dri$1 a second glass plate %\ld be laid on = protection1 pa/+ ! two edges toge!r ) n>r[ /rips ( l954 ,cid] ,to ,make ,cid]4--,pick ! apples (f ! tree by h&4 ,e apple be=e go+ into ! press %\ld be c>efully #aha wip$4 ,z soon z a *>ge ( apples is gr\nd1 remove ! pomace & put 9 a cask ) a false bottom & a /ra9] b5ea? x1 & a vessel to cat* ! dra9age f pomace4 ,z fa/ z ! juice runs f ! press place x 9 clean1 sweet1 op5 tubs or casks ) ! heads out & provide ) a faucet1 put 9 ab\t two in*es above bottom4 ,! juice %\ld be closely wat*$ & z soon z ! lea/ sign ( f]m5tation appe>s 7bubbles on top1 etc47 x %\ld be run (f into casks prep>$ = ?is purpose & plac$ 9 a mod]ately cool room4 ,! b>rels %\ld be entirely fill$1 or z ne> to ! bunghole z possible4 ,aft] f]m5tation is well "u way ! spume or foam %\ld be scrap$ (f ) a spoon sev]al times a day4 ,:5 f]m5tation has ceas$ ! cid] is rack$ (f into clean casks1 fill$ to ! bunghole1 & ! bung driv5 9 tightly4 ,x is n[ ready = use or = bottl+4 ,*ampagne ,cid]4--,i4--,to conv]t ord9>y cid] into *ampagne cid]1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,to #ajj gallons ( good cid] add #c gallons ( /ra9$ honey 7or #bd p\nds ( :ite sug> w answ]71 /ir 9 well1 tightly bung1 & let alone = a week4 ,cl>ify ! cid] by add+ a half gallon ( skimm$ milk1 or #d ounces ( gelat9 dissolv$ 9 suffici5t hot wat] & add #d gallons ( pro( _s4 ,let /& #c days long]1 !n syphon (f1 bottle1 cork1 & tie or wire d[n4 ,bung+ ! cask tightly is done 9 ord] to induce a sl[ f]m5tation1 & ?us reta9 9 ! cid] z mu* c>bonic acid z possible4 ,,ii4--,put #aj gallons ( old & clean cid] 9 a /rong & iron-b\nd cask1 pit*$ )9 7a s\nd be] cask is ! v ?+71 & add & /ir 9 well #dj ounces ( simple syrup4 ,add #e ounces ( t>t>ic acid1 let dissolve1 !n add #g #a_/b ounces sodium bic>bonate 9 p[d]4 ,h ! bung ready & ! mom5t ! soda is add$ put x 9 & drive x home4 ,! cid] w be ready = use 9 a few h\rs4 ,cid] ,pres]vative4--,i4--,! addition ( #aed gra9s ( bismu? subnitrate to #bb gallons ( cid] prev5ts1 or mat]ially ret>ds1 ! h>d5+ ( ! bev]age on exposure to air2 moreov]1 ! bismu? salt r5d]s alcoholic f]m5tation m complete4 ,,ii4--,calcium sulphite 7sulphite ( lime7 is l>gely us$ to prev5t f]m5tation 9 cid]4 ,ab\t #a_/h to #a_/d ( an ounce ( ! sulphite is requir$ = #a gallon ( cid]4 ,x %\ld fir/ be dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( cid]1 !n add$ to ! bulk1 & ! :ole agitat$ until ?or\ghly mix$4 ,! b>rel %\ld !n be bung$ & all[$ to /& = sev]al days1 until ! action ( ! sulphite is ex]t$4 ,x w pres]ve ! sweetness ( cid] p]fectly1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 n to add too mu*1 z t w\ld imp>t a slight sulphur\s ta/e4 ,artificial ,cid]s4--,to #be gallons ( s(t wat] add #b p\nds ( t>t>ic acid1 #be or #cj p\nds ( sug>1 & a p9t ( yea/2 put 9 a w>m place1 & let f]m5t = #ae days1 !n add ! flavor+ matt] to suit ta/e4 ,! v>i\s fruit e!rs are = sale at any :olesale drug h\se4 ,bottl+ ,sweet ,cid]4--,*ampagne qu>ts are g5]ally us$ = bottl+ cid]1 z !y are /rong & w /& pressure1 besides be+ a conv5i5t size = consum]s4 ,9 mak+ cid] *ampagne ! liquor %\ld be cl>ifi$ & bottl$ 9 ! sweet condition1 t is to say1 be=e ! great] "p ( ! sug> :i* x conta9s has be5 conv]t$ into alcohol by f]m5tation4 ,! f]m5tation cont9ues1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 9 ! bottle1 trans=m+ m ( ! sug> into alcohol1 & ! c>bonic acid1 be+ unable to escape1 is dissolv$ 9 ! cid] & produces ! sp>kl+4 ,! great] ! quantity ( sug> conta9$ 9 ! liquor1 :5 x is bottl$1 ! m complete is its c>bonation by ! c>bonic-acid gas1 & consequ5tly ! m sp>kl+ x is :5 p\r$ out4 ,b ?is is true only )9 c]ta9 limits1 = if ! production ( sug> is too high ! f]m5tation w be arre/$4 ,to make ! mo/ sp>kl+ cid] ! liquor is all[$ to /& = ?ree1 f\r1 five1 or six weeks1 dur+ :i* f]m5tation proce$s4 ,! "t v>ies accord+ to ! nature ( ! apples1 & also to ! temp]ature2 :5 x is v w>m ! fir/ f]m5tation is usually complet$ 9 #g days4 ,be=e bottl+1 ! liquid mu/ be f9$1 & ?is is be/ done ) cate*u dissolv$ 9 cold cid]1 #b ounces ( cate*u to ! b>rel ( cid]4 ,?is is well /irr$ & left to settle = a few days4 ,! cid] at ?is /age is /ill sweet1 & x is a po9t ( consid]able nicety n to c>ry ! fir/ f]m5tation too f>4 ,! bottle %\ld n be q fill$1 s z to all[ m fre$om = ! c>bonic-acid gas :i* =ms4 ,:5 ! bottles h be5 fill$1 #ahb cork$1 & wir$ d[n1 !y %\ld be plac$ 9 a good cell>1 :i* %\ld be dry1 or else ! cid] w ta/e ( ! cork4 ,! bottles %\ld n be laid = f\r or five weeks1 or breakage w ensue4 ,:5 !y are be+ laid !y %\ld be plac$ on la?s ( wood or on dry s&2 !y %\ld nev] be all[$ on cold or damp floors4 ,%\ld ! cid] be relatively poor 9 sug>1 or if x has be5 f]m5t$ too f>1 ab\t #a ounce ( p[d]$ loaf sug> c be add$ to ea* bottle1 or else a measure ( sug> syrup be=e p\r+ 9 ! cid]4 ,imitation ,cid]4-- ,i4--,a =mula = an imitation cid] is z foll[s3 ,ra9 wat] #ajj gallons ,honey1 un/ra9$ #f gallons ,cate*u1 p[d]$ #c ounces ,alum1 p[d]$ #e ounces ,yea/ 7brew]'s pref]ably7 #b p9ts ,mix & put 9 a w>m place to f]m5t4 ,let f]m5t = ab\t #ae days2 !n add ! foll[+1 /irr+ well 93 ,bitt] almonds1 cru%$ #h ounces ,cloves #h ounces ,let /& #bd h\rs1 add two or ?ree gallons ( good :iskey1 & rack (f into clean casks4 ,bung tightly1 let /& #dh h\rs1 !n bottle4 ,if a high] color is desir$ use c>amel suffici5t to produce ! correct t+e4 ,if honey is n obta9able1 use sug>-h\se molasses in/ead1 b honey is pref]able4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+1 :5 prop]ly prep>$1 makes a passable sub/itute = cid]1 & a v pleasant dr9k3 ,cate*u1 p[d]$ #c p>ts ,alum1 p[d]$ #e p>ts ,honey #fdj p>ts ,wat] #ab1hjj p>ts ,yea/ #cb p>ts ,dissolve ! cate*u1 alum1 & honey 9 ! wat]1 add ! yea/1 & put 9 "s w>m place to f]m5t4 ,! conta9] %\ld be fill$ to ! squ>e op5+1 made by saw+ out five or six in*es ( ! c5t] ( a /ave1 & ! spume skimm$ (f daily z x arises4 ,9 cool] wea!r f #b weeks to #ah days w be requir$ = ?or\gh f]m5tation4 ,9 w>m] wea!r f #ab to #ac days w be suffici5t4 ,:5 f]m5tation is complete add ! foll[+ solution3 ,oil ( bitt] almonds #a "p ,oil ( clov] #a "p ,c>amel #cb p>ts ,alcohol #aib p>ts ,! alcohol may be replac$ by twice its volume ( good b\rbon :iskey4 ,a mu* *eap]1 b correspond+ly poor sub/itute = ! above may be made z foll[s3 ,tw5ty-five gallons ( s(t wat]1 #b p\nds t>t>ic acid1 #be p\nds ( br[n sug>1 & #a p9t ( yea/ are all[$ to /& 9 a w>m place1 9 a clean cask ) ! bung out1 = #bd h\rs4 ,!n bung up ! cask1 aft] add+ #c gallons ( :iskey1 & let /& = #dh h\rs1 aft] :i* ! liquor is ready = use4 ,,cid] ,,v9eg>3 ,see ,v9eg>4 ,cig>s ,cig> ,sizes & ,colors4--,cig>s are nam$ accord+ to _! color & %ape4 ,a dead-black cig>1 = in/ance1 is an 8,oscuro10 a v d>k-br[n "o is a 8,colorado10 a m$ium br[n is a 8,colorado ,cl>o10 & a yell[i% light br[n is a 8,cl>o40 ,mo/ smok]s "k ! names ( ! %ades f 8,cl>o0 to 8,colorado10 & t is z f> z mo/ ( !m ne$ to "k4 ,z to ! %apes1 a 8,napoleon0 is ! bigge/ ( all cig>s--be+ #g in*es long2 a 8,p]fecto0 swells 9 ! middle & tap]s d[n to a v small head at ! light+ end2 a 8,panatela0 is a ?91 /raight1 up-&-d[n cig> )\t ! graceful curve ( ! 8,p]fecto02 a 8,con*as0 is v %ort & fat1 & a 8,londres0 is %ap$ l a 8,p]fecto0 except t x does n tap] to s small a head at ! light+ end4 ,a 8,re9a ,victoria0 is a 8,londres0 t comes pack$ 9 a ribbon-ti$ bundle ( #ej pieces1 in/ead ( 9 ! usual f\r lay]s ( #ac1 #ab1 #ac & #ab4 ,h[ to ,keep ,cig>s4--,cig>s kept 9 a case are influ5c$ e "t ! case is op5$4 ,:atev] ( ta9t !re may be 9 ! atmosph]e ru%es into ! case1 & is f9ally tak5 up by ! cig>s4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! cig>s h ! appe>ance ( fre%ness1 x is n ! orig9al fre%ness 9 :i* !y 7 receiv$ f ! factory4 ,!y h be5 dry1 or comp>atively s1 & h absorb$ m moi/ure ?an has be5 put 9 ! case1 & x matt]s n :at t moi/ure may be1 x c nev] re/ore ! flavor t 0 lo/ dur+ ! dry+-out process4 ,aft] all1 x is a comp>atively simple matt] to take good c>e ( cig>s4 ,all t is necess>y is a comp>atively air-tight1 z9c-l9$ *e/4 ,?is %\ld be #ahc beh9d ! c\nt] 9 a place :]e ! temp]ature is ev54 ,:5 a cu/om] calls = a cig> ! deal] takes ! box out ( ! *e/1 s]ves 8 cu/om]1 & !n puts ! box back aga94 ,! box be+ op5$ = a mom5t ! cig>s are n p]ceptibly affect$4 ,! cig>s 9 ! close1 heavy *e/ are always safe f atmosph]ic influ5ces1 z ! boxes are clos$1 & ! *e/ is op5 b a mom5t1 :ile ! deal] is tak+ out a box f :i* to s]ve 8 cu/om]4 ,"s ( ! be/ deal]s h ei!r a l>ge *e/ or a cool vault 9 :i* !y keep _! /ock1 tak+ out f "t to "t :atev] !y ne$ = use4 ,"s h a numb] ( small *e/s1 9 :i* !y keep diff]5t br&s1 s z to avoid op5+ & clos+ "o p>ticul> *e/ s (t54 ,x may be said t x is only ! high] pric$ cig>s t ne$ special c>e 9 h&l+1 al?\gh ! *eap] grades are n to be h&l$ c>elessly4 ,! ,havana cig>s are m susceptible to *ange1 = !re is a delicacy ( flavor to be pres]v$ t is nev] pres5t 9 ! *eap] grades ( cig>s4 ,e deal] mu/1 ( c\rse1 make a display 9 8 %[ case1 b he ne$ n s]ve 8 patrons ) ^! cig>s4 ,! %r9kage 9 value ( ! cig>s 9 ! case is m]ely a bus9ess proposition ( pr(it & loss4 ,cig> ,flavor+4--,i4--,mac]ate #b ounces ( c9namon & #d ounces ( tonka beans1 gr\nd f9e1 9 #a qu>t ( rum4 ,,ii4--,moi/5 ord9>y cig>s ) a /rong t9cture ( casc>illa1 to :i* a little gum b5zo9 & /orax may be add$4 ,"s p]sons add a small quantity ( camphor or oil ( cloves or cassia4 ,,iii4--,t9cture ( val]ian #d dra*ms ,butyric aldehyde #d dra*ms ,nitr\s e!r #a dra*m ,t9cture vanilla #b dra*ms ,alcohol #e ounces ,wat] en\gh to make #af ounces ,,iv4--,extract vanilla #d ounces ,alcohol #a_/b gallon ,jamaica rum #a_/b gallon ,t9cture val]ian #h ounces ,c>away se$ #b ounces ,engli% val]ian root #b ounces ,bitt] orange peel #b ounces ,tonka beans #d dra*ms ,myrrh #af ounces ,soak ! myrrh = #c days 9 #f qu>ts ( wat]1 add ! alcohol1 t9cture val]ian1 & extract ( vanilla1 & aft] gr9d+ ! o!r +r$i5ts to a co>se p[d]1 put all toge!r 9 a jug & mac]ate = #b weeks1 occasionally %ak+2 la/ly1 /ra94 ,v4--,into a bottle fill$ ) #a_/b p9t ( ,fr5* br&y put #a #a_/d ounces ( casc>illa b>k & #a #a_/d ounces ( vanilla previ\sly gr\nd ) #a_/b p\nd ( sug>2 c>efully close up ! flask & di/il 9 a w>m place4 ,aft] #c days p\r (f ! liquid1 & add #a_/d p9t ( ma/ic extract4 ,! f9i%$ cig>s are moi/5$ ) ?is liquid1 pack$ 9 boxes1 & pres]v$ f air by a well-clos$ lid4 ,!y are said to acquire a pleasant flavor & mild /r5g? ?r\gh ?is treatm5t4 ,cig> ,spots4--,! speckl$ appe>ance ( c]ta9 wrapp]s is due to ! "w ( a species ( fungus t attacks ! gr[+ tobacco4 ,9 a c]ta9 di/rict ( ,sumatra1 :i* produces an exceptionally f9e tobacco = wrapp]s1 ! leaves ( ! plant are commonly speckl$ 9 ?is way4 ,sev]al pat5ts h be5 obta9$ = me?ods ( spott+ tobacco leaves artificially4 ,a ,/4 ,l\is firm uses a solution compos$ (3 ,sodium c>bonate #c p>ts ,calx *lor9ata #a "p ,hot wat] #h p>ts ,dissolve ! wa%+ soda 9 ! hot wat]1 add ! *lor9at$ lime1 & heat ! mixture to a boil+ temp]ature = #c m9utes4 ,:5 cool1 decant into e>!nw>e or /onew>e jugs1 cork tightly1 & keep 9 a cool place4 ,! corks ( jugs n int5d$ = imm$iate use %\ld be cov]$ ) a piece ( bladd] or /rong p>*m5t pap]1 & tightly ti$ d[n to prev5t ! escape ( gas1 & consequ5t weak5+ ( ! blea*+ p[] ( ! fluid4 ,! prep>$ liquor is spr9kl$ on ! tobacco1 ! latt] be+ !n expos$ to light & air1 :51 x is said1 ! disagreeable odor produc$ soon disappe>s4 ,,c9*ona3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,c9namon ,,ess5ce3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,c9namon ,,oil ,,z ,,an ,,antiseptic3 ,see ,antiseptics4 ,,citrate ,,( ,,magnesium3 ,see ,magnesium ,citrate4 ,,cl>et ,,lemonade ,,& ,,cl>et ,,pun*3 ,see ,bev]ages1 "u ,lemonades4 #ahd ,,cl>ification ,,( ,,gelat9 ,,& ,,glue3 ,see ,gelat94 ,,cl>ify+4 ,cl>ification is ! process by :i* any solid p>ticles susp5d$ 9 a liquid are ei!r caus$ to coalesce toge!r or to adh]e to ! m$ium us$ = cl>ify+1 t !y may be remov$ by filtration 7:i* w\ld previ\sly h be5 impossible71 s z to r5d] ! liquid cle>4 ,"o ( ! be/ ag5ts = ?is purpose is album54 ,:5 cl>ify+ vegetable extracts1 ! album5 :i* is naturally pres5t 9 mo/ plants accompli%es ?is purpose easily1 provid$ ! vegetable matt] is extract$ 9 ! cold1 s z to get z mu* album5 z possible 9 solution4 ,egg album5 may also be us$4 ,! effect ( album5 may be increas$ by ! addition ( cellulose1 9 ! =m ( a f9e magma ( filt]+ pap]4 ,?is has ! fur!r advantage t ! subsequ5t filtration is mu* facilitat$4 ,susp5d$ p>ticles ( gum or pect9 may be remov$ by cauti\s precipitation ) tann91 ( :i* only an exce$+ly small am\nt is usually necess>y4 ,x comb9es ) ! gelat9\s sub/ances bett] ) ! aid ( heat ?an 9 ! cold4 ,!re mu/ be no excess ( tann9 us$4 ,ano!r me?od ( cl>ify+ liquids turbid f p>ticles ( gum1 album51 pect91 etc41 is to add to !m a def9ite quantity ( alcohol4 ,?is causes ! =m] sub/ances to sep>ate 9 m or less l>ge flakes4 ,! quantity ( alcohol requir$ v>ies greatly accord+ to ! nature ( ! liquid4 ,x %\ld be det]m9$ 9 ea* case by an exp]im5t on a small scale4 ,res9\s or waxy sub/ances1 su* z are occasionally met ) 9 honey1 etc41 may be remov$ by ! addition ( bole1 pulp$ filt]+ pap]1 & heat+ to boil+4 ,9 ea* case ! cl>ify+ process may be ha/5$ by mak+ ! sep>at+ p>ticles specifically heavi]2 t is1 by incorporat+ "s heavi] sub/ance1 su* z talcum1 etc41 :i* may cause ! flocculi to s9k m rapidly1 & to =m a compact s$im5t4 ,cl>ify+ p[d] = alcoholic liquids3 ,egg album51 dry #dj p>ts ,sug> ( milk #dj p>ts ,/>* #bj p>ts ,r$uce !m to v f9e p[d]1 & mix ?or\ghly4 ,= cl>ify+ liquors1 w9es1 ess5ces1 etc41 take = e qu>t ( liquid #ge gra9s ( ! above mixture1 %ake repeat$ly 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 ! mixture be+ kept 9 a w>m room1 !n filt]4 ,p[d]$ talcum r5d]s ! same s]vice1 & has ! additional advantage ( be+ entirely insoluble4 ,h[ev]1 ! above mixture acts m en]getically4 ,,clay3 ,clay+ ,mixture = ,=ges4--,tw5ty p>ts fire clay2 #bj p>ts ca/-iron turn+s2 #a "p common salt2 #a_/b "p sal ammoniac2 all by measure4 ,! mat]ials %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ dry & !n wet d[n to ! consi/5cy ( common mort>1 con/antly /irr+ ! mass z ! wett+ proce$s4 ,a r\gh mold %ap$ to fit ! tuyre op5+1 a tr[el1 & a few m9utes' "t are all t are ne$$ to complete ! successful clay+ ( ! =ge4 ,?is mixture dries h>d & :5 glaz$ by ! fire w la/4 ,pla/ic ,model+ ,clay4--,a p]man5tly pla/ic clay c be obta9$ by fir/ mix+ x ) glyc]9e1 turp5t9e1 or simil> bodies1 & !n add+ vasel9e or petroleum residues ri* 9 vasel9e4 ,! proportion ( clay to ! vasel9e v>ies accord+ to ! desir$ consi/5cy ( ! product1 ! admixture ( vasel9e v>y+ f #aj to #ej p] c5t4 ,x is obvi\s t ! h>dness ( ! mat]ial decreases ) ! am\nt ( vasel9e add$1 s t ! "o ri*e/ 9 vasel9e w be ! s(te/4 ,by ! use ( v>i\s v>ieties ( clay & ! suitable *oice ( admixtures1 ! pla/icity1 z well z ! color ( ! mass1 may be v>i$4 ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods 7,see also ,soaps1 ,poli%es1 & ,h\sehold ,=mulas74 ,,to ,,remove ,,/a9s ,,f ,,! ,,h&s3 ,removal ( ,anil9e-,dye ,/a9s f ! ,sk94--,rub ! /a9$ sk9 ) a p9* ( slightly moi/5$ r$ cry/als ( *romic trioxide until a di/9ct s5sation ( w>m? ann\nces ! de/ruction ( ! dye /uff by oxidation & an incipi5t irritation ( ! sk94 ,!n r9se ) soap & wat]4 ,a s+le application usually suffices to remove #ahe ! /a94 ,x is h>dly necess>y to call att5tion to ! poison\sness & /rong cau/ic action ( *romic trioxide2 b only mod]ate caution is requir$ to avoid evil effects4 ,pyrogallic-,acid ,/a9s on ! ,f+]s 7see also ,photography74--,pyro /a9s may be prev5t$ fairly well by rubb+ 9 a little wool fat be=e beg9n+ "w4 ,a v effective way ( elim9at+ develop] /a9s is to dip ! f+] tips occasionally dur+ developm5t into ! cle>+ ba?4 ,x is be/ to use ! cle>+ ba?1 ) ample friction1 be=e resort+ to soap1 z ! latt] seems to h a fix+ effect ^u ! /a94 ,lemon peel is useful = remov+ pyro /a9s1 & s are ! ammonium p]sulphate r$uc] & ! ?ioc>bamide cle>]4 ,to ,clean ,v ,soil$ ,h&s4--,9 ! morn+ wa% 9 w>m wat]1 us+ a /iff bru%1 & apply glyc]9e4 ,repeat ! application two or ?ree times dur+ ! day1 wa%+ & bru%+ an h\r or s aft]w>ds1 or apply a w>m solution ( soda or pota%1 & wa% 9 w>m wat]1 us+ a /iff bru% z be=e4 ,f9ally1 rub ! h&s ) pumice or infusorial e>?4 ,!re are soaps made especially = ?is purpose1 simil> to ^? = use on woodwork1 etc41 9 :i* infusorial e>? or simil> matt] is incorporat$4 ,to ,remove ,nitric-,acid ,/a9s4--,"o plan to avoid /a9s is to use rubb] f+] /alls1 or rubb] gloves4 ,nitric-acid /a9s c be remov$ f ! h&s by pa9t+ ! /a9s ) a solution ( p]manganate ( pota%1 & wa%+ (f ! p]manganate ) a #e p] c5t solution ( hydro*loric 7muriatic7 acid4 ,aft] ?is wa% ! h&s ) pure ca/ile soap4 ,any soap t r\gh5s ! sk9 %\ld be avoid$ at all times4 ,ca/ile soap is ! be/ to keep ! sk9 9 good condition4 ,,clean+ ,,gild$ ,,articles3 ,to ,clean ,gilt ,frames & ,gild$ ,surfaces ,g5]ally4--,dip a s(t bru% 9 alcohol to :i* a few drops ( ammonia wat] has be5 add$1 & ) x g ov] ! surface4 ,d n rub--at lea/1 n r\ghly1 or h>%ly4 ,9 ! c\rse ( five m9utes ! dirt w h become s(t1 & easy ( removal4 ,!n g ov] ! surface aga9 g5tly ) ! same or a simil> bru% dipp$ 9 ra9 wat]4 ,n[ lay ! damp article 9 ! sunlight to dry4 ,if !re is no sunlight1 place x ne> a w>m 7b n hot7 /ove1 & let dry completely4 ,9 ord] to avoid /reaks1 take c>e t ! position ( ! article1 dur+ ! dry+1 is n exactly v]tical4 ,to ,clean ,fire-,gilt ,articles4--,fire-gilt articles are clean$1 accord+ to _! condition1 ) wat]1 dilut$ hydro*loric acid1 ammonia1 or pota% solution4 ,if hydro*loric acid is employ$ ?or\gh dilution ) wat] is especially necess>y4 ,! acidity %\ld h>dly be noticeable on ! tongue4 ,to clean gilt articles1 su* z gold mold+s1 etc41 :5 !y h become t>ni%$ or cov]$ ) flyspecks1 etc41 rub !m sl[ly ) an onion cut 9 half & dipp$ 9 rectifi$ alcohol1 & wa% (f lightly ) a moi/ s(t sponge aft] ab\t #b h\rs4 ,clean+ ,gild$ & ,poly*rom$ ,"w on ,alt>s4--,to clean bright gold a f9e little sponge is us$ :i* is moi/5$ b lightly ) t>t>ic acid & pass$ ov] ! gild+4 ,next g ov] ! gilt "w ) a small sponge saturat$ ) alcohol to remove all dirt4 ,= matt gild+1 use only a :ite flannel dipp$ 9 lye1 & c>efully wipe (f ! dead gold ) ?is1 dry+ next ) a f9e l95 rag4 ,to clean poly*rom$ "w sponge ) a lye ( ra9 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts1 & calc9$ pota%1 #fh p>ts1 & imm$iately wa% (f ) a clean sponge & wat]1 s t ! lye does n attack ! pa9t too mu*4 ,,spot ,,& ,,/a9 ,,remov]s3 ,to ,remove ,anil9e ,/a9s4-- ,i4--,sodium nitrate #g gra9s ,dilut$ sulphuric acid #ae gra9s ,wat] #a ounce ,let ! mixture /& a day or two be=e us+4 ,apply to ! spot ) a sponge1 & r9se ! goods ) pl5ty ( wat]4 ,,ii4--,an excell5t m$ium = ! removal ( anil9e /a9s1 :i* are (t5 v /ubborn1 has be5 f\nd to be liquid opodeldoc4 ,aft] its use ! /a9s are said to disappe> at once & entirely4 ,cleans+ ,fluids4--,a spot remov] is made z foll[s3 ,i4--,sapon9e #g p>ts ,wat] #acj p>ts ,alcohol #gj p>ts ,b5z9e #a1ghh p>ts ,oil mirbane #e p>ts ,,ii4--,b5z5e 7b5zol7 #hi p>ts ,ascetic e!r #aj p>ts ,pe> oil #a "p ,?is yields an effective grease eradicator1 ( an agreeable odor4 #ahf ,,iii4--,to ,remove ,/a9s ( ,sulphate ( copp]1 or ( salts ( m]cury1 silv]1 or gold f ! h&s1 etc41 wa% !m fir/ ) a dilute solution ei!r ( ammonia1 iodide1 bromide1 or cyanide ( potassium1 & !n ) pl5ty ( wat]2 if ! /a9s are old ones !y %\ld fir/ be rubb$ ) ! /ronge/ acetic acid & !n treat$ z above4 ,removal ( ,picric-,acid ,/a9s4--,i4--,rec5t /a9s ( picric acid may be remov$ readily if ! /a9 is cov]$ ) a lay] ( magnesium c>bonate1 ! c>bonate moi/5$ ) a little wat] to =m a pa/e1 & ! pa/e !n rubb$ ov] ! spot4 ,,ii4--,apply a solution ( ,boric acid #d p>ts ,sodium b5zoate #a "p ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,,iii4--,dr4 ,prieur1 ( ,besanon1 recomm5ds li?ium c>bonate = ! removal ( picric-acid /a9s f ! sk9 or f l954 ,! me?od ( us+ x is simply to lay a small p9* on ! /a91 & moi/5 ! latt] ) wat]4 ,fre% /a9s disappe> almo/ in/antly1 & old ones 9 a m9ute or two4 ,to ,remove ,f+] ,m>ks f ,books1 etc4--,i4--,p\r b5zol 7n b5z9e or gasol9e1 b ,m]ck's 8c4 p40 cry/allizable7 on calc9$ magnesia until x becomes a crumbl+ mass1 & apply ?is to ! spot1 rubb+ x 9 lightly1 ) ! tip ( ! f+]4 ,:5 ! b5zol evaporates1 bru% (f4 ,any dirt t rema9s c be remov$ by us+ a piece ( s(t rubb]4 ,,ii4--,if ! =ego+ fails 7:i* x sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 does71 try ! foll[+3 ,make a hot solution ( sodium hydrate 9 di/ill$ wat]1 ( /r5g? ( f #c p] c5t to #e p] c5t1 accord+ to ! age1 etc41 ( ! /a94 ,h prep>$ "s bits ( heavy blott+ pap] some:at l>g] ?an ! spot to be remov$2 also1 a blott+ pad1 or sev]al pieces ( heavy blott+ pap]4 ,lay ! soil$ page face d[nw>d on ! blott+ pad1 !n1 saturat+ "o ( ! bits ( blott] ) ! hot sodium hydrate solution1 put x on ! /a9 & g ov] x ) a hot smoo?+ iron4 ,if "o application does n remove all ! grease or /a91 repeat ! op]ation4 ,!n saturate ano!r bit ( blott+ pap] ) a #d p] c5t or #e p] c5t solution ( hydro*loric acid 9 di/ill$ wat]1 apply x to ! place1 & pass ! iron ov] x to neutralize ! /rong alkali4 ,?is process w in/antly re/ore any fad$ writ+ or pr9t+1 & make ! pap] bright & fre% aga94 ,glyc]9e z a ,det]g5t4--,= c]ta9 k9ds ( ob/9ate spots 7su* z c(fee & *ocolate1 = in/ance7 !re is no bett] det]g5t ?an glyc]9e1 especially = fabrics ) delicate colors4 ,apply ! glyc]9e to ! spot1 ) a sponge or o!rwise1 let /& a m9ute or s1 !n wa% (f ) wat] or alcohol4 ,hot glyc]9e is ev5 m effici5t ?an cold4 ,,clean+ ,,sk9s ,,& ,,lea!r3 ,see also ,lea!r4 ,to ,clean ,color$ ,lea!r4--,p\r c>bon bisulphide on non-vulcaniz$ gutta-p]*a1 & all[ x to /& ab\t #bd h\rs4 ,aft] %ak+ actively add m gutta-p]*a gradually until ! solution becomes ( gelat9\s consi/5cy4 ,?is mixture is appli$ 9 suitable quantity to oil-/a9$1 color$ lea!r & all[$ to dry two or ?ree h\rs4 ,! subsequ5t op]ation consi/s m]ely 9 remov+ ! coat ( gutta-p]*a f ! surface ( ! lea!r--t is1 rubb+ x ) ! f+]s1 & roll+ x (f ! surface4 ,! color is n injur$ 9 ! lea/ by ! sulphuret ( c>bon2 only ^? lea!rs on :i* a dress+ conta9+ />* has be5 us$ look a little light] 9 color1 b ! bett] class ( lea!rs are n s dress$4 ,! dry gutta-p]*a c be r$issolv$ 9 sulphuret ( c>bon & us$ ov] aga94 ,to ,clean ,sk9s ,us$ = ,poli%+ ,purposes4--,fir/ beat !m ?or\ghly to get rid ( du/1 !n g ov] ! surface on bo? sides ) a piece ( good :ite soap & lay !m 9 w>m wat] 9 :i* has be5 put a little soda4 ,let !m lie "h = #b h\rs1 !n wa% !m 9 pl5ty ( tepid wat]1 rubb+ !m vigor\sly until p]fectly clean4 ,?is ba? %\ld also be made alkal9e ) soda4 ,! sk9s are f9ally r9s$ 9 w>m wat]1 & dri$ quickly4 ,cold wat] mu/ be avoid$ at all /ages ( ! cleans+ process1 z x has a t5d5cy to %r9k & h>d5 ! sk9s4 ,! be/ way to clean a *amois sk9 is to wa% & r9se x out 9 clean wat] imm$iately aft] use1 b ?is practice is apt to be neglect$ s t ! sk9 becomes saturat$ ) dirt & grime4 ,to clean x1 fir/ ?or\ghly soak 9 clean1 s(t wat]4 ,!n1 aft] soap+ x & roll+ x into a compact wad1 beat ) a small r\nd /ick--a buggy spoke1 say--turn+ ! wad ov] repeat$ly1 & keep+ x well wet & soap$4 ,?is %\ld suffice to loos5 ! dirt4 ,!n r9se 9 clean wat] until ! sk9 #ahg is clean4 ,z wr++ by h& is apt to injure ! *amois sk91 x is advisable to use a small clo!s wr+]4 ,be=e us+ ! sk9 aga9 r9se x 9 cle> wat] to :i* a little pulv]iz$ alum has be5 add$4 ,,/raw-,,hat ,,r5ovation3 ,to ,r5ovate ,/raw ,hats4--,i4--,hats made ( natural 7uncolor$7 /raw1 :i* h become soil$ by we>1 may be clean$ by ?or\ghly spong+ ) a weak solution ( t>t>ic acid 9 wat]1 foll[$ by wat] alone4 ,! hat aft] be+ s treat$ %\ld be fa/5$ by ! rim to a bo>d by means ( p9s1 s t x w keep its %ape 9 dry+4 ,,ii4--,sponge ! /raw ) a solution ( ,by weight ,sodium hyposulphite #aj p>ts ,glyc]9e #e p>ts ,alcohol #aj p>ts ,wat] #ge p>ts ,lay aside 9 a damp place = #bd h\rs & !n apply ,by weight ,citric acid #b p>ts ,alcohol #aj p>ts ,wat] #ij p>ts ,press ) a mod]ately hot iron1 aft] /iff5+ ) weak gum wat]1 if necess>y4 ,,iii4--,if ! hat has become mu* d>k5$ 9 t9t by we> ! fumes ( burn+ sulphur may be employ$4 ,! mat]ial %\ld be fir/ clean$ by ?or\ghly spong+ ) an aque\s solution ( potassium c>bonate1 foll[$ by a simil> application ( wat]1 & x is !n susp5d$ ov] ! sulphur fumes4 ,^! are g5]at$ by plac+ 9 a metal or e>!n di%1 s m\nt$ z to keep ! heat f sett+ fire to any?+ b5ea?1 "s brim/one 7roll sulphur71 & spr9kl+ ov] x "s live coals to />t combu/ion4 ,! op]ation is conduct$ 9 a deep box or b>rel1 ! di% ( burn+ sulphur be+ plac$ at ! bottom1 & ! article to be blea*$ be+ susp5d$ f a /r+ /ret*$ across ! top4 ,a cov] n fitt+ s tightly z to exclude all air is plac$ ov] x1 & ! app>atus all[$ to /& = a few h\rs4 ,hats s treat$ w require to be /iff5$ by ! application ( a little gum wat]1 & press$ on a block ) a hot iron to br+ !m back into %ape4 ,wat]pro( ,/iff5+ = ,/raw ,hats4--,if a wat]pro( /iff5+ is requir$ use "o ( ! v>ni%es = :i* =mulas foll[3 ,i4--,copal #dej p>ts ,s&>ac #ge p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #dj p>ts ,ca/or oil #e p>ts ,alcohol #hjj p>ts ,,ii4--,%ellac #ejj p>ts ,s&>ac #age p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #ej p>ts ,ca/or oil #ae p>ts ,alcohol #b1jjj p>ts ,,iii4--,%ellac #gej p>ts ,ros9 #aej p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #aej p>ts ,ca/or oil #bj p>ts ,alcohol #b1ejj p>ts ,h[ to ,clean a ,panama ,hat4--,scrub ) ca/ile soap & w>m wat]1 a nail bru% be+ us$ z an aid to get ! dirt away4 ,! hat is !n plac$ 9 ! hot sun to dry & 9 ! c\rse ( two or ?ree h\rs is ready = use4 ,x w n only be z clean z :5 new1 b x w reta9 its %ape admirably4 ,! clean$ hat w be a trifle /iff at fir/1 b w soon gr[ supple "u we>4 ,a little glyc]9e add$ to ! r9s+ wat] entirely prev5ts ! /iffness & brittl5ess acquir$ by "s hats 9 dry+1 :ile a little ammonia 9 ! wa%+ wat] mat]ially assi/s 9 ! scrubb+ process4 ,ivory1 or1 9 fact1 any good :ite soap1 w answ] z well z ca/ile = ! purpose4 ,x is well to r9se a second "t1 add+ ! glyc]9e to ! wat] us$ ! second "t4 ,imm]se ! hat completely 9 ! r9se wat]1 mov+ x ab\t to get rid ( traces ( ! dirty wat]4 ,:5 ! hat has be5 ?or\ghly r9s$1 press out ! surplus wat]1 us+ a ,turki% ba? t[el = ! purpose1 & let x re/ on ! t[el :5 dry+4 ,,pa9t1 ,,v>ni%1 ,,& ,,enamel ,,remov]s3 ,to ,remove ,old ,oil1 ,pa9t1 or ,v>ni% ,coats4--,i4--,apply a mixture ( ab\t #e p>ts ( potassium silicate 7wat] glass1 #cf p] c5t71 ab\t #a "p ( soda lye 7#dj p] c5t71 & #a "p ( ammonia4 ,! composition dissolves ! old v>ni% coat1 z well z ! pa9t1 d[n to ! bottom4 ,! v>ni% coat+s :i* are to be remov$ may be bru%$ (f or left = days 9 a h>d5$ /ate4 ,^u be+ ?or\ghly moi/5$ ) wat] ! old v>ni% may be readily wa%$ (f1 ! lacqu] z well z ! oil pa9t com+ (f completely4 ,! ammonia o!rwise employ$ dissolves ! v>ni%1 b n ! pa9t4 #ahh ,,ii4--,apply a mixture ( #a "p oil ( turp5t9e & #b p>ts ( ammonia4 ,?is is effective1 ev5 if ! coat+s )/& ! /ronge/ lye4 ,! two liquids are %ak5 9 a bottle until !y mix l milk4 ,! mixture is appli$ to ! coat+ ) a little oakum2 aft] a few m9utes ! old pa9t c be wip$ (f4 ,to ,clean ,bru%es & ,vessels ( ,dry ,pa9t 7see also ,bru%es & ,pa9ts74--,! clean+ ( ! bru%es & vessels 9 :i* ! v>ni% or oil pa9t _h dri$ is usually done by boil+ ) soda solution4 ,?is frequ5tly spoils ! bru%es or cracks ! vessels if ( glass2 besides1 ! process is r sl[ & dirty4 ,a mu* m suitable rem$y is amyl acetate1 :i* is a liquid ) a pleasant odor ( fruit drops1 us$ ma9ly = dissolv+ & cem5t+ celluloid4 ,if amyl acetate is p\r$ ov] a pa9t bru% ! v>ni% or h>d5$ pa9t dissolves almo/ imm$iately & ! bru% is aga9 r5d]$ s]viceable at once4 ,if necess>y1 ! process is repeat$4 ,= clean+ vessels %ake ! liquid ab\t 9 !m1 :i* s(t5s ! pa9t s t x c be readily remov$ ) pap]4 ,9 ?is mann] mu* labor c be sav$4 ,! amyl acetate c be easily remov$ f ! bru%es1 etc41 by alcohol or oil ( turp5t9e4 ,v>ni% & ,pa9t ,remov]4--,dissolve #bj p>ts ( cau/ic soda 7#ih p] c5t7 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]1 mix ! solution ) #bj p>ts ( m9]al oil1 & /ir 9 a kettle provid$ ) a me*anical /irr]1 until ! emulsion is complete4 ,n[ add1 ) /irr+1 #bj p>ts ( sawdu/ & pass ! :ole ?r\gh a pa9t mill to obta9 a uni=m int]mixture4 ,apply ! pa/e moi/4 ,to ,remove ,v>ni% f ,metal4--,to remove old v>ni% f metals1 x suffices to dip ! articles 9 equal p>ts ( ammonia & alcohol 7#ie p] c5t74 ,to ,remove ,wat] ,/a9s f ,v>ni%$ ,furniture4--,p\r olive oil into a di% & scrape a little :ite wax into x4 ,?is mixture %\ld be heat$ until ! wax melts & rubb$ sp>+ly on ! /a9s4 ,f9ally1 rub ! surface ) a l95 rag until x is re/or$ to brilliancy4 ,to ,remove ,pa9t1 ,v>ni%1 etc41 f ,wood4--,v>ni%1 pa9t1 etc41 no matt] h[ old & h>d1 may be s(t5$ 9 a few m9utes s t !y c be easily scrap$ (f1 by apply+ ! foll[+ mixture3 ,wat] glass #e p>ts ,soda lye1 #dj ,b4 7#bg p] c5t7 #a "p ,ammonia wat] #a "p ,mix4 ,remov+ ,v>ni%1 etc4--,a pat5t has be5 tak5 out 9 ,engl& = a liquid = remov+ v>ni%1 lacqu]1 t>1 & pa9t4 ,! composition is made by mix+ #d ounces ( b5zol1 #c ounces ( fusel oil1 & #a ounce ( alcohol4 ,x is /at$ by ! inv5tor t ?is mixture1 if appli$ to a pa9t$ or v>ni%$ surface1 w make ! surface q clean 9 less ?an #aj m9utes1 & t a pa9t-soak$ bru% 8z h>d z iron0 c be made z s(t & pliable z new by simply soak+ = an h\r or s 9 ! mixture4 ,to ,remove ,enamel & ,t9 ,sold]4--,p\r en\gh ( oil ( vitriol 7conc5trat$ sulphuric acid7 ov] p[d]$ fluorsp> 9 an e>!n or lead vessel1 s z j to cov] ! p>ts :]eby hydr(luoric acid is g5]at$4 ,= use1 dip ! article susp5d$ on a wire into ! liquid until ! enamel or ! t9 is eat5 away or dissolv$1 :i* does n injure ! articles 9 any way4 ,if heat$1 ! liquid acts m rapidly4 ,! "w %\ld always be conduct$ 9 ! op5 air1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 n to inhale ! fumes1 :i* are highly injuri\s to ! heal?1 & n to get any liquid on ! sk91 z hydr(luoric acid is "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s poisons4 ,hydr(luoric acid mu/ be kept 9 e>!n or lead5 vessels1 z x de/roys glass4 ,remov+ ,pa9t & ,v>ni% f ,wood4--,! foll[+ comp\nd is giv5 z "o :i* w clean pa9t or v>ni% f wood or /one )\t injur+ ! mat]ial3 ,fl\r or wood pulp #che p>ts ,hydro*loric acid #dej p>ts ,blea*+ p[d] #afj p>ts ,turp5t9e #e p>ts ,?is mixture is appli$ to ! surface & left on = "s "t4 ,x is !n bru%$ (f1 & br+s ! pa9t away ) x4 ,x keeps moi/ q long en\gh to be easily remov$ aft] x has act$4 ,pa/e = ,remov+ ,old ,pa9t or ,v>ni% ,coats4-- ,i4--,sodium hydrate #e p>ts ,soluble soda glass #c p>ts ,fl\r pa/e #f p>ts ,wat] #d p>ts ,,ii4--,soap #aj p>ts ,potassium hydrate #g p>ts ,potassium silicate #b p>ts #ahi ,to ,remove ,old ,enamel4--,lay ! articles horizontally 9 a vessel conta9+ a conc5trat$ solution ( alum & boil !m4 ,! solution %\ld be j suffici5t to cov] ! pieces4 ,9 #bj or #be m9utes ! old enamel w fall into du/1 & ! article c be poli%$ ) em]y4 ,if n>r[ & deep vessels are us$ ! op]ation w require m "t4 ,,ink ,,eradicators3 ,two-,solution ,ink ,remov]4-- ,i4--7a7 ,citric acid #a "p ,conc5trat$ solution ( borax #b p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #af p>ts ,dissolve ! acid 9 ! wat]1 add ! borax solution1 & mix by agitation4 7b7 ,*loride ( lime #c p>ts ,wat] #af p>ts ,conc5trat$ borax solution #b "p ,add ! *loride ( lime to ! wat]1 %ake well & set aside = a week1 !n decant ! cle> liquid & to x add ! borax solution4 ,= use1 saturate ! spot ) solution 7a71 apply a blott] to take (f ! excess ( liquid1 !n apply solution 7b74 ,:5 ! /a9 has disappe>$1 apply ! blott] & wet ! spot ) clean wat]2 f9ally dry betwe5 two %eets ( blott+ pap]4 ,,ii4--7a7 ,mix1 9 equal p>ts1 potassium *loride1 potassium hypo*lorite1 & oil ( pepp]m9t4 7b7 ,sodium *loride1 hydro*loric acid & wat]1 9 equal p>ts4 ,wet ! spot ) 7a71 let dry1 !n bru% x ov] lightly ) 7b71 & r9se 9 cle> wat]4 ,a good s+le mixture :i* w answ] = mo/ inks is made by mix+ citric acid & alum 9 equal p>ts4 ,if desir$ to v5d 9 a liquid =m add an equal "p ( wat]4 ,9 use1 ! p[d] is spread well ov] ! spot & 7if on clo? or wov5 fabrics7 well rubb$ 9 ) ! f+]s4 ,a few drops ( wat] are !n add$1 & also rubb$ 94 ,a f9al r9s+ ) wat] completes ! process4 ,ink ,eras]s4--,i4--,inks made ) nutgalls & copp]as c be remov$ by us+ a mod]ately conc5trat$ solution ( oxalic acid1 foll[$ by use ( pure wat] & frequ5t dry+ ) clean blott+ pap]4 ,mo/ o!r black inks are eras$ by use ( a weak solution ( *lor9at$ lime1 foll[$ by dilute acetic acid & wat]1 ) frequ5t dry+ ) blott]s4 ,mala*ite gre5 ink is blea*$ by ammonia wat]2 silv] inks by potassium cyanide or sodium hyposulphite4 ,"s anil9e colors are easily remov$ by alcohol1 & ne>ly all by *lor9at$ lime1 foll[$ by dilut$ acetic acid or v9eg>4 ,9 all cases apply ! sub/ances ) camel's-hair bru%es or fea!rs1 & all[ !m to rema9 no long] ?an necess>y1 aft] :i* r9se well ) wat] & dry ) blott+ pap]4 ,,ii4--,citric acid #a "p ,wat]1 di/ill$ #aj p>ts ,conc5trat$ solution ( borax #b p>ts ,dissolve ! citric acid 9 ! wat] & add ! borax4 ,apply to ! pap] ) a delicate camel's-hair p5cil1 remov+ any excess ( wat] ) a blott]4 ,a mixture ( oxalic1 citric1 & t>t>ic acids1 9 equal p>ts1 dissolv$ 9 j en\gh wat] to give a clean solution1 acts en]getically on mo/ inks4 ,eras+ ,p[d] or ,p\nce4--,alum1 #a "p2 amb]1 #a "p2 sulphur1 #a "p2 saltpet]1 #a "p4 ,mix well toge!r & keep 9 a glass bottle4 ,if a little ( ?is p[d] is plac$ on an ink spot or fre% writ+1 rubb+ v lightly ) a clean l95 rag1 ! spot or ! writ+ w disappe> at once4 ,remov+ ,ink ,/a9s4--,i4--,! mat]ial requir+ treatm5t %\ld fir/ be soak$ 9 clean1 w>m wat]1 ! sup]flu\s moi/ure remov$1 & ! fabric spread ov] a clean clo?4 ,n[ all[ a few m9ims ( liquor ammoni =tis1 specific gravity #j4hia1 to drop on ! ink spot1 !n saturate a t9y tuft ( absorb5t cotton-wool ) acidum phosphoricum dilutum1 ,b4 ,p41 & apply repeat$ly & ) firm pressure ov] ! /a92 repeat ! proc$ure two or ?ree times1 & f9ally r9se well 9 w>m wat]1 aft]w>ds dry+ 9 ! sun1 :5 e trace ( ink w h vani%$4 ,?is me?od is equally reliable = old & fre% ink /a9s1 is rapid 9 action1 & w n injure ! mo/ delicate fabric4 ,,ii4--,to remove ink spots ! fabric is soak$ 9 w>m wat]1 !n x is squeez$ out & spread ^u a clean piece ( l954 ,n[ apply a few drops ( liquid ammonia ( a specific gravity ( #j4hia to ! spot1 & dab x next ) a wad ( cotton :i* has be5 saturat$ ) dilute phosphoric acid4 ,aft] repeat+ ! process sev]al times & dry+ ! piece 9 ! sun1 ! ink spot w h disappe>$ )\t leav+ ! slighte/ trace4 #aij ,,iii4--,ink spots may be remov$ by ! foll[+ mixture3 ,oxalic acid #aj p>ts ,/annic *loride #b p>ts ,acetic acid #e p>ts ,wat] to make #ejj p>ts ,mix4 ,,iv4--,! cu/om>y me?od ( cleans+ ink spots is to use oxalic acid4 ,?ick blott+ pap] is soak$ 9 a conc5trat$ solution & dri$4 ,x is !n laid imm$iately on ! blot1 & 9 _m in/ances w take ! latt] out )\t leav+ a trace beh9d4 ,9 m /ubborn cases ! clo? is dipp$ 9 boil+ wat] & rubb$ ) cry/als ( oxalic acid1 aft] :i* x is soak$ 9 a weak solution ( *loride ( lime--say #a ounce to a qu>t ( wat]4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! l95 %\ld be ?or\ghly r9s$ 9 sev]al wat]s aft]w>ds4 ,oxalic acid is undesirable = c]ta9 fabrics because x removes ! color4 ,v4--,"h is a m h>mless me?od3 ,equal p>ts ( cream ( t>t> & citric acid1 p[d]$ f9e1 & mix$ toge!r4 ,?is =ms ! 8salts ( lemon0 sold by druggi/s4 ,procure a hot d9n] plate1 lay ! "p /a9$ 9 ! plate1 & moi/5 ) hot wat]2 next rub 9 ! above p[d] ) ! b[l ( a spoon until ! /a9s disappe>2 !n r9se 9 clean wat] & dry4 ,to ,remove ,r$ 7,anil9e7 ,ink4--,/a9s ( r$ anil9es1 except eos9e1 are at once remov$ by moi/5+ ) alcohol ( #id p] c5t1 acidulat$ ) acetic acid4 ,eos9e does n disappe> s easily4 ,! am\nt ( acetic acid to be us$ is asc]ta9$ by add+ x1 drop by drop1 to ! alcohol1 te/+ ! mixture f "t to "t1 until :5 dropp$ on ! /a91 ! latt] at once disappe>s4 ,,clean+ ,,( ,,walls1 ,,ceil+s1 ,,& ,,wall ,,pap]3 ,see also ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,to ,r5ovate ,brick ,walls4--,dissolve glue 9 wat] 9 ! proportion ( #a ounce ( glue to e gallon ( wat]2 add1 :ile hot1 a piece ( alum ! size ( a h5's egg1 #a_/b p\nd ,v5etian r$1 & #a p\nd ,spani% br[n4 ,add m wat] if too d>k2 m r$ & br[n if too light4 ,clean+ ,pa9t$ ,doors1 ,walls1 etc4--,! foll[+ recipe is design$ = pa9t$ objects t are mu* soil$4 ,simm] g5tly on ! fire1 /irr+ con/antly1 #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ( pulv]iz$ borax1 & #dej p>ts ( br[n soap ( good quality1 cut 9 small pieces1 9 #c1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,! liquid is appli$ by means ( flannel & r9s$ (f at once ) pure wat]4 ,to ,remove ,anil9e ,/a9s f ,ceil+s1 etc4--,9 r5ew+ ceil+s1 ! old anil9e color /a9s are (t5 v annoy+1 z !y p5etrate ! new coat+4 ,pa9t+ ov] ) %ellac or oil pa9t w br+ relief1 b o!r drawbacks appe>4 ,a v practical rem$y is to place a t9 vessel on ! floor ( ! room1 & to burn a quantity ( sulphur 9 x aft] ! doors & w9d[s ( ! room h be5 clos$4 ,! sulphur vapors de/roy ! anil9e /a9s1 :i* disappe> entirely4 ,old ,ceil+s4--,9 deal+ ) old ceil+s ! di/emp] mu/ be wa%$ (f d[n to ! pla/] face1 all cracks rak$ out & /opp$ ) putty 7pla/] ( ,p>is & di/emp] mix$71 & ! :ole rubb$ smoo? ) pumice /one & wat]2 /a9$ p>ts %\ld be pa9t$ ) oil color1 & ! :ole di/emp]$4 ,if old ceil+s are 9 bad condition x is desirable t !y %\ld be l9$ ) pap]1 :i* %\ld h a coat ( weak size be=e be+ di/emp]$4 ,oil ,/a9s on ,wall ,pap]4--,make a m$ium ?ick pa/e ( pipe clay & wat]1 apply+ x c>efully flat ^u ! oil /a91 b avoid+ all friction4 ,! pa/e is all[$ to rema9 #aj to #ab h\rs1 aft] :i* "t x is v c>efully remov$ ) a s(t rag4 ,9 _m cases a repeat$ action w be necess>y until ! purpose desir$ is fully rea*$4 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1 ?is w be obta9$ )\t blurr+ or de/roy+ ! design ( ! wall pap]1 unless x be ( ! *eape/ v>iety4 ,9 ! case ( a light1 delicate pap]1 ! pa/e %\ld be compos$ ( magnesia & b5z9e4 ,to ,clean ,pa9t$ ,walls4--,a simple me?od is to put a little aqua ammonia 9 mod]ately w>m wat]1 damp5 a flannel ) x1 & g5tly wipe ov] ! pa9t$ surface4 ,no scrubb+ is necess>y4 ,treatm5t ( ,:itewa%$ ,walls4--,x is sugge/$ t :itewa%$ walls :i* x is desir$ to pap]1 ) a view to prev5t+ peel+1 %\ld be treat$ ) wat]1 aft] :i* ! scrap] %\ld be vigor\sly us$4 ,if ! :itewa% has be5 ?or\ghly soak$ x c easily be remov$ ) ! scrap]4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t e "p ( ! wall is well scrap$4 #aia ,clean+ ,wall ,pap]4--,i4--,to clean wall pap] ! du/ %\ld fir/ be remov$ by lightly bru%+1 pref]ably ) a fea!r du/]1 & ! surface !n g5tly rubb$ ) slices ( mod]ately /ale bread1 ! discolor$ surface ( ! bread be+ remov$ f "t to "t1 s z to expose a fre% portion = use4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid scrat*+ ! pap] ) ! cru/ ( ! bread1 & ! rubb+ %\ld be 9 "o direction1 ! surface be+ sy/ematically gone ov]1 z 9 pa9t+1 to avoid ! production ( /reaks4 ,,ii4--,mix #d ounces ( p[d]$ pumice ) #a qu>t ( fl\r1 & ) ! aid ( wat] make a /iff d\gh4 ,=m ! d\gh into rolls #b in*es 9 diamet] & #f in*es long2 sew ea* roll sep>ately 9 a cotton clo?1 !n boil = #dj or #ej m9utes1 s z to r5d] ! mass firm4 ,all[ to /& = sev]al h\rs1 remove ! cru/1 & !y are ready = use4 ,,iii4--,bread w clean pap]2 b unless x is prop]ly us$ ! job w be a v t$i\s "o4 ,select a 8t90 loaf at lea/ two days old4 ,cut (f ! cru/ at "o end1 & rub d[n ! pap]1 comm5c+ at ! top4 ,d n rub ! bread backw>ds & =w>ds1 b 9 s+le /rokes4 ,:5 ! end gets dirty take a v %>p knife & p>e (f a ?9 lay]2 !n proce$ z be=e4 ,x is well to make sure t ! walls are q dry be=e us+ ! bread1 or x may sme> ! patt]n4 ,if ! room is furni%$ x w1 ( c\rse1 be necess>y to place clo?s ar\nd ! room to cat* ! crumbs4 ,,iv4--,a prep>ation = cleans+ wall pap] t (t5 proves mu* m effectual ?an ord9>y bread1 especially :5 ! pap] is v dirty1 is made by mix+ #b_/c d\gh & #a_/c pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,?is %\ld be made a day be=e x is ne$$ = use1 & %\ld be v g5tly bak$4 ,if !re are any grease spots !y %\ld be remov$ by hold+ a hot flatiron aga9/ a piece ( blott+ pap] plac$ ov] !m4 ,if ?is fails1 a little full]'s e>? or pipe clay %\ld be made into a pa/e ) wat]1 & ?is %\ld !n be c>efully pla/]$ ov] ! grease spots & all[$ to rema9 till q dry1 :5 x w be f\nd to h absorb$ ! grease4 ,v4--,mix toge!r #a p\nd ea* ( rye fl\r & :ite fl\r into a d\gh1 :i* is p>tially cook$ & ! cru/ remov$4 ,to ?is #a ounce common salt & #a_/b ounce ( p[d]$ naph?al9e are add$1 & f9ally #a ounce ( corn meal1 & #a_/h ounce ( burnt umb]4 ,! composition is =m$ into a mass1 ( ! prop] size to be grasp$ 9 ! h&1 & 9 use x %\ld be drawn 9 "o direction ov] ! surface to be clean$4 ,,vi4--,procure a s(t1 flat sponge1 be+ c>eful t !re are no h>d or gritty places 9 x1 !n get a bucket ( new1 clean1 dry1 :eat bran4 ,hold ! sponge flat side up1 & put a h&ful ( bran on x1 !n quickly turn aga9/ ! wall1 & rub ! wall g5tly & c>efully ) x2 !n repeat ! op]ation4 ,hold a l>ge pan or spread d[n a drip clo? to cat* ! bran z x falls1 b nev] use ! same bran twice4 ,/ill ano!r way is to use ,canton flannel 9 /rips a foot wide & ab\t #c y>ds long4 ,roll a /rip ar\nd a /ick #a in* ?ick & #aj in*es long1 s z to h ! ends ( ! /ick cov]$1 ) ! nap ( ! clo? outside4 ,z ! clo? gets soil$1 unroll ! soil$ "p & roll x up ) ! soil$ face inside4 ,9 ?is way "o c *ange places on ! clo? :5 soil$ & use ! :ole face ( ! clo?4 ,to take out a grease spot requires c>e4 ,fir/1 take sev]al ?icknesses ( br[n wrapp+ pap] & make a pad1 place x aga9/ ! grease spot1 & hold a hot flatiron aga9/ x to draw out ! grease1 :i* w soak into ! br[n pap]4 ,be c>eful to h en\gh lay]s ( br[n pap] to keep ! iron f scor*+ or discolor+ ! wall pap]4 ,if ! fir/ application does n take out ne>ly all ! grease1 repeat ) clean br[n pap] or a blott+ pad4 ,!n take an ounce vial ( wa%$ sulphuric e!r & a s(t1 f9e1 clean sponge & sponge ! spot c>efully until all ! grease disappe>s4 ,d n wipe ! place ) ! sponge & e!r1 b dab ! sponge c>efully aga9/ ! place4 ,a small quantity ( e!r is advis$1 z x is v inflammable4 ,,clo!s ,,& ,,fabric ,,clean]s3 ,soaps = ,clo?+ & ,fabrics4--,:5 ! fabric is wa%able & ! color fa/1 ord9>y soap & wat] are suffici5t = remov+ grease & ! ord9>ily att5dant dirt2 b special soaps are made :i* may possibly be m effectual4 ,i4--,p[d]$ borax #cj p>ts ,extract ( soap b>k #cj p>ts ,ox gall 7fre%7 #abj p>ts ,ca/ile soap #dej p>ts ,fir/ make ! soap-b>k extract by boil+ ! cru%$ b>k 9 wat] until x has assum$ a d>k color1 !n /ra9 ! liquid into an evaporat+ di%1 & #aib by ! aid ( heat evaporate x to a solid extract2 !n p[d] & mix x ) ! borax & ! ox gall4 ,melt ! ca/ile soap by add+ a small quantity ( wat] & w>m+1 !n add ! o!r +r$i5ts & mix well4 ,ab\t #ajj p>ts ( soap b>k make #bj p>ts ( extract4 ,,ii4--,ca/ile soap #b p\nds ,potassium c>bonate #a_/b p\nd ,camphor #a_/b ounce ,alcohol #a_/b ounce ,ammonia wat] #a_/b ounce ,hot wat]1 #a_/b p9t1 or suffici5t4 ,dissolve ! potassium c>bonate 9 ! wat]1 add ! soap previ\sly r$uc$ to ?9 %av+s1 keep w>m ov] a wat] ba?1 /irr+ occasionally1 until dissolv$1 add+ m wat] if necess>y1 & f9ally1 :5 ( a consi/5ce to become semisolid on cool+1 remove f ! fire4 ,:5 ne>ly ready to set1 /ir 9 ! camphor1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol & ! ammonia4 ,! soap w app>5tly be q z efficaci\s )\t ! camphor & ammonia4 ,if a pa/e is desir$1 a pota% soap %\ld be us$ in/ead ( ! ca/ile 9 ! =ego+ =mula1 & a portion or all ( ! wat] omitt$4 ,soaps made f pota% rema9 s(t1 :ile soda soaps h>d5 on ! evaporation ( ! wat] :i* !y conta9 :5 fir/ made4 ,a liquid prep>ation may be obta9$1 ( c\rse1 by ! addition ( suffici5t wat]1 & "s m alcohol w\ld probably improve x4 ,clo!s-,clean+ ,fluids3 ,see also ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,i4--,borax #a ounce ,ca/ile soap #a ounce ,sodium c>bonate #c dra*ms ,ammonia wat] #e ounces ,alcohol #d ounces ,acetone #d ounces ,hot wat] to make #d p9ts ,dissolve ! borax1 sodium bic>bonate1 & soap 9 ! hot wat]1 mix ! acetone & alcohol toge!r1 unite ! two solutions1 & !n add ! ammonia wat]4 ,! addition ( a c\ple ( ounces ( rose wat] w r5d] x some:at fragrant4 ,,ii4--,a /rong decoction ( soap b>k1 pres]v$ by ! addition ( alcohol1 =ms a good liquid cleans] = fabrics ( ! m delicate sort4 ,,iii4--,*lor(orm #ae p>ts ,e!r #ae p>ts ,alcohol #abj p>ts ,decoction ( quillaia b>k ( #cj #d1ejj p>ts ,,iv4--,acetic e!r #aj p>ts ,amyl acetate #aj p>ts ,liquid ammonia #aj p>ts ,dilute alcohol #gj p>ts ,v4--,ano!r good non-inflammable spot remov] consi/s ( equal p>ts ( acetone1 ammonia1 & dilut$ alcohol4 ,= use 9 l>ge quantities c>bon tetra*loride is sugge/$4 ,,vi4--,ca/ile soap #d av4 ounces ,wat]1 boil+ #cb fluid\nces ,dissolve & add3 ,wat] #a gallon ,ammonia #h fluid\nces ,e!r #b fluid\nces ,alcohol #d fluid\nces ,to ,remove ,spots f ,trac+ ,clo?4--,x is be/ to use b5z9e1 :i* is appli$ by means ( a cotton rag4 ,! b5z9e also takes (f lead-p5cil m>ks1 b does n attack ,india & o!r inks4 ,! places treat$ ) b5z9e %\ld subsequ5tly be rubb$ ) a little talcum1 o!rwise x w\ld n be possible to use ! p5 on !m4 ,removal ( ,pa9t f ,clo?+4--,be=e pa9t becomes 8dry0 x c be remov$ f clo? by ! lib]al application ( turp5t9e or b5z9e4 ,if ! spot is n l>ge1 x may be imm]s$ 9 ! liquid2 o!rwise1 a ?ick1 fold$1 absorb5t clo? %\ld be plac$ "u ! fabric :i* has be5 spott$1 & ! liquid spong$ on freely en\gh t x may soak ?r\gh1 c>ry+ ! greasy matt] ) x4 ,"s skill 9 manipulation is requisite to avoid simply spread+ ! /a9 & leav+ a 8r+0 to %[ h[ f> x has ext5d$4 ,:5 b5z9e is us$ ! op]ator mu/ be c>eful to apply x only 9 ! abs5ce ( light or fire1 on acc\nt ( ! extremely inflammable "* ( ! vapor4 ,v>ni% /a9s1 :5 fre%1 are treat$ 9 ! same way1 b ! action ( ! solv5t may possibly n be s complete on acc\nt ( ! gum ros9s pres5t4 ,:5 ei!r pa9t or v>ni% has dri$1 its removal becomes m difficult4 ,9 su* case soak+ 9 /rong ammonia wat] may answ]4 ,an emulsion1 =m$ by %ak+ toge!r #b p>ts ( ammonia wat] & #a ( spirits ( turp5t9e1 has be5 recomm5d$4 ,to ,remove ,vasel9e ,/a9s f ,clo?+4--,moi/5 ! spots ) a mixture ( #a "p ( anil9e oil1 #a ( #aic p[d]$ soap1 & #aj ( wat]4 ,aft] all[+ ! clo? to lie = #e or #aj m9utes1 wa% ) wat]4 ,to ,remove ,grease ,spots f ,plu%4--,place fre% bread rolls 9 ! ov51 break !m ap>t z soon z !y h become v hot1 & rub ! spots ) ! crumbs1 cont9u+ ! "w by us+ new rolls until all traces ( fat h disappe>$ f ! fabric4 ,purifi$ b5z9e1 :i* does n alt] ev5 ! mo/ delicate colors1 is also useful = ?is purpose4 ,to ,remove ,iron ,ru/ f ,musl9 & ,l954--,wet ) lemon juice & salt & expose to ! sun4 ,if "o application does n remove ! spots1 a second r>ely fails to d s4 ,k]oclean4--,?is non-inflammable cleans] removes grease spots f delicate fabrics )\t injury1 cleans all k9ds ( jewelry & tablew>e by remov+ fats & t>ni%1 kills mo?s1 insects1 & h\sehold pe/s by suffocation & ext]m9ation1 & cleans ironw>e by remov+ ru/1 brassw>e by remov+ grease1 copp]w>e by remov+ v]digris4 ,x is z cle> z wat] & w /& any fire te/4 ,k]os5e4 #a ounce ,c>bon tetra*loride 7comm]cial74 #c ounces ,oil ( citronella #b dra*ms ,mix1 & filt] if necess>y4 ,if a /rong odor ( c>bon bisulphide is detect$ 9 ! c>bon tetra*loride fir/ %ake ) p[d]$ *>coal & filt]4 ,to ,clean ,gold & ,silv] ,lace4--,i4--,alkal9e liquids sometimes us$ = clean+ gold lace are unsuitable1 = !y g5]ally corrode or *ange ! color ( ! silk4 ,a solution ( soap also int]f]es ) c]ta9 colors1 & %\ld !re=e n be employ$4 ,alcohol is an effectual rem$y = re/or+ ! lu/] ( gold1 & x may be us$ )\t any dang] to ! silk1 b :]e ! gold is worn (f1 & ! base metal expos$1 x is n s successful 9 accompli%+ its purpose1 z by remov+ ! t>ni% ! base metal becomes m di/+ui%able f ! f9e gold4 ,,ii4--,to clean silv] lace take alaba/] 9 v f9e p[d]1 lay ! lace ^u a clo?1 & ) a s(t bru% take up "s ( ! p[d]1 & rub bo? sides ) x till x becomes bright & clean1 aft]w>ds poli% ) ano!r bru% until all remnants ( ! p[d] are remov$1 & x exhibits a lu/r\s surface4 ,,iii4--,silv] laces are put 9 curdl$ milk = #bd h\rs4 ,a piece ( ,v5etian soap1 or any o!r good soap1 is scrap$ & /irr$ into #b qu>ts ( ra9 wat]4 ,to ?is a quantity ( honey & fre% ox gall is add$1 & ! :ole is /irr$ = "s "t4 ,if x becomes too ?ick1 m wat] is add$4 ,?is mass is all[$ to /& = half a day1 & ! wet laces are pa9t$ ) x4 ,wrap a wet clo? ar\nd ! roll] ( a mangle1 w9d ! laces ov] ?is1 put ano!r wet clo? on top1 & press1 wett+ & repeat+ ! application sev]al times4 ,next1 dip ! laces 9 a cle> solution ( equal p>ts ( sug> & gum arabic1 pass !m aga9 ?r\gh ! mangle1 betwe5 two clean pieces ( clo?1 & hang !m up to dry ?or\ghly1 atta*+ a weight to ! l[] end4 ,,iv4--,soak gold laces ov] night 9 *eap :ite w9e & !n proce$ z ) silv] laces4 ,if ! gold is worn (f1 put #gga gra9s ( %ellac1 #ca gra9s ( dragon's blood1 #ca gra9s ( turm]ic 9 /rong alcohol & p\r (f ! ruby-color$ fluid4 ,dip a f9e hair p5cil 9 ?is1 pa9t ! pieces to be r5ew$1 & hold a hot flatiron a few in*es above !m1 s t only ! laces receive ! heat4 ,v4--,silv] embroid]ies may also be clean$ by du/+ !m ) ,vi5na lime1 & bru%+ (f ) a velvet bru%4 ,= gild+s ! /uff is dipp$ 9 a solution ( gold *loride1 & ?is is r$uc$ by means ( hydrog5 9 ano!r vessel4 ,= silv]+1 "o ( ! foll[+ two processes may be employ$3 7a7 ,pa9t+ ) a solution ( #a "p ( phosphorus 9 #ae p>ts bisulphide ( c>bon & dipp+ 9 a solution ( nitrate ( silv]2 7b7 dipp+ = #b h\rs 9 a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 mix$ ) ammonia1 !n expos+ to a curr5t ( pure hydrog54 ,to ,remove ,silv] ,/a9s f ,:ite ,fabrics4--,moi/5 ! fabric = two or ?ree m9utes ) a solution ( #e p>ts ( brom9e & #ejj p>ts ( wat]4 ,!n r9se 9 cle> wat]4 ,if a yell[i% /a9 rema9s1 imm]se 9 a solution ( #aej p>ts ( sodium hyposulphite 9 #ejj p>ts ( wat]1 & aga9 r9se 9 cle> wat]4 ,ru/-,spot ,remov]4--,dissolve potassium bioxalate1 #bjj p>ts1 9 di/ill$ wat]1 #h1hjj p>ts2 add glyc]9e1 #a1jjj p>ts1 & filt]4 ,moi/5 ! ru/ or ink spots ) ?is solution2 let ! l951 etc41 lie = #c h\rs1 rubb+ ! moi/5$ spots frequ5tly1 & !n wa% well ) wat]4 #aid ,to ,clean ,quilts4--,quilts are clean$ by fir/ wa%+ !m 9 lukew>m soapsuds1 !n lay+ !m 9 cold1 s(t 7ra97 wat] ov] night4 ,! next day !y are press$ z dry z possible & hung up2 ! ends1 9 :i* ! moi/ure rema9s = a long "t1 mu/ be wrung out f "t to "t4 ,x is v ess5tial to beat ! dry+ quilts frequ5tly ) a smoo? /ick or bo>d4 ,?is w h ! effect ( swell+ up ! wadd+1 & prev5t+ x f felt+4 ,fur!rmore1 ! quilts %\ld be repeat$ly turn$ dur+ ! dry+ f "r to left & also f top to bottom4 ,9 ?is mann] /reaks are avoid$4 ,removal ( ,p]uvian-,balsam ,/a9s4--,! fabric is spread out1 a piece ( filt] pap] be+ plac$ b5ea? ! /a91 & ! latt] is !n copi\sly moi/5$ ) *lor(orm1 appli$ by means ( a tuft ( cotton wool4 ,rubb+ is to be avoid$4 ,solution = ,remov+ ,nitrate ( ,silv] ,spots4-- ,bi*loride ( m]cury #e p>ts ,ammonium *loride #e p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #dj p>ts ,apply ! mixture to ! spots ) a clo?1 !n rub4 ,?is removes1 almo/ in/antane\sly1 ev5 old /a9s on l951 cotton1 or wool4 ,/a9s on ! sk9 ?us treat$ become :iti% yell[ & soon disappe>4 ,clean+ ,trac+s4--,trac+ clo? c be v quickly & easily clean$1 & p5cil m>ks remov$ by ! use ( b5z9e1 :i* is appli$ ) a cotton swab4 ,x may be rubb$ freely ov] ! trac+ )\t injury to l9es drawn 9 ink1 or ev5 9 wat] color1 b ! p5cil m>ks & dirt w quickly disappe>4 ,! b5z9e evaporates almo/ imm$iately1 leav+ ! trac+ unh>m$4 ,! surface1 h[ev]1 has be5 s(t5$ & mu/ be rubb$ d[n ) talc1 or "s simil> sub/ance1 be=e draw+ any m ink l9es4 ,! glaze may be re/or$ to trac+ clo? aft] us+ ! eras] by rubb+ ! r\gh5$ surface ) a piece ( h>d wax f an old phonograph cyl9d]4 ,! surface ?us produc$ is sup]ior to t ( ! orig9al glaze1 z x is absolutely oil- & wat]-pro(4 ,rags = ,clean+ & ,poli%+4--,imm]se flannel rags 9 a solution ( #bj p>ts ( dextr9e & #cj p>ts ( oxalic acid 9 #bj p>ts ( logwood decoction2 g5tly wr+ !m out1 & sift ov] !m a mixture ( f9ely p[d]$ tripoli & pumice /one4 ,pile ! moi/ rags "o ^u ano!r1 plac+ a lay] ( ! p[d] betwe5 ea* two4 ,!n press1 sep>ate1 & dry4 ,clean+ ,p[d]4-- ,bole #ejj p>ts ,magnesium c>bonate #ej p>ts ,mix & make into a pa/e ) a small quantity ( b5z9e or wat]2 apply to /a9s made by fats or oils on ! clo?+ & :5 dry remove ) a bru%4 ,,clean+ ,,pa9t$ ,,& ,,v>ni%$ ,,surfaces3 ,clean+ & ,pres]v+ ,poli%$ ,woodwork4--,rub d[n all ! poli%$ "w ) a v weak alcoholic solution ( %ellac 7#a to #bj or ev5 #a to #cj7 & l9se$ oil1 spread on a l95 clo?4 ,! rubb+ %\ld be firm & h>d4 ,spots on ! poli%$ surface1 made by alcohol1 t9ctures1 wat]1 etc41 %\ld be remov$ z f> z possible & z soon z possible aft] !y are made1 by ! use ( boil$ l9se$ oil4 ,aft]w>ds !y %\ld be rubb$ ) ! %ellac & l9se$ oil solution on a s(t l95 rag4 ,if ! spots are due to acids g ov] !m ) a little dilute ammonia wat]4 ,ink spots may be remov$ ) dilute or 7if necess>y7 conc5trat$ hydro*loric acid1 foll[+ its use ) dilute ammonia wat]4 ,9 extreme cases x may be necess>y to use ! scrap] or s&pap]1 or bo?4 ,oak z a g5]al ?+ is n poli%$1 b has a matt surface :i* c be wa%$ ) wat] & soap4 ,fir/ all /a9s & spots %\ld be gone ov] ) a sponge or a s(t bru% & v weak ammonia wat]4 ,! c>v$ "w %\ld be fre$ ( du/1 etc41 by ! use ( a /iff bru%1 & f9ally wa%$ ) dilute ammonia wat]4 ,:5 dry x %\ld be gone ov] v ?9ly & ev5ly ) brunol9e appli$ ) a s(t p5cil4 ,if x is desir$ to give an especially h&some f9i%1 aft] ! surface is entirely dry1 give x a prelim9>y coat ( brunol9e & foll[ ?is on ! day aft] ) a second4 ,brunol9e may be pur*as$ ( any deal] 9 pa9ts4 ,to make x1 put #gj p>ts ( l9se$ oil 9 a v capaci\s vessel 7on acc\nt ( ! foam t ensues7 & add to x #bj p>ts ( p[d]$ li?>ge1 #bj p>ts ( p[d]$ m9ium1 & #aj p>ts ( lead acetate1 also p[d]$4 ,boil until ! oil is completely oxidiz$1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,:5 completely oxidiz$ ! oil is no long] r$1 b is ( a d>k br[n color4 ,:5 x acquires #aie ?is color1 remove f ! fire1 & add #afj p>ts ( turp5t9e oil1 & /ir well4 ,?is brunol9e s]ves spl5didly = poli%+ furniture or o!r poli%$ wood4 ,to ,clean ,lacqu]$ ,goods4--,papi]-ma* & lacqu]$ goods may be clean$ p]fectly by rubb+ ?or\ghly ) a pa/e made ( :eat fl\r & olive oil4 ,apply ) a bit ( s(t flannel or old l951 rubb+ h>d2 wipe (f & poli% by rubb+ ) an old silk h&k]*ief4 ,poli% = ,v>ni%$ ,"w4--,to r5ovate v>ni%$ "w make a poli% ( #a qu>t good v9eg>1 #b ounces butt] ( antimony1 #b ounces alcohol1 & #a qu>t oil4 ,%ake well be=e us+4 ,to ,clean ,pa9t+s4--,to clean an oil pa9t+1 take x out ( its frame1 lay a piece ( clo? moi/5$ ) ra9 wat] on x1 & leave x = a :ile to take up ! dirt f ! picture4 ,sev]al applications may be requir$ to secure a p]fect result4 ,!n wipe ! picture v g5tly ) a tuft ( cotton wool damp$ ) absolutely pure l9se$ oil4 ,gold frames may be clean$ ) a fre%ly cut onion2 !y %\ld be wip$ ) a s(t sponge wet ) ra9 wat] a few h\rs aft] ! application ( ! onion1 & f9ally wip$ ) a s(t rag4 ,remov+ & ,prev5t+ ,mat* ,m>ks4--,! unsightly m>ks made on a pa9t$ surface by /rik+ mat*es on x c sometimes be remov$ by scrubb+ ) soapsuds & a /iff bru%4 ,to prev5t mat* m>ks dip a bit ( flannel 9 albol9e 7liquid vasel9e71 & ) x g ov] ! surface1 rubb+ x h>d4 ,a second rubb+ ) a dry bit ( flannel completes ! job4 ,a man may 8/rike0 a mat* !re all day1 & nei!r get a light nor make a m>k4 ,,glove ,,clean]s3 ,p[d] = ,clean+ ,gloves4-- ,i4--,:ite bole or pipe clay #fj4j p>ts ,orris root 7p[d]$7 #cj4j p>ts ,p[d]$ gra9 soap #g4e p>ts ,p[d]$ borax #ae4j p>ts ,ammonium *loride #b4e p>ts ,mix ! above +r$i5ts4 ,moi/5 ! gloves ) a damp clo?1 rub on ! p[d]1 & bru% (f aft] dry+4 ,,ii4--,f\r p\nds p[d]$ pipe clay1 #b p\nds p[d]$ :ite soap1 #a ounce lemon oil1 ?or\ghly rubb$ toge!r4 ,to use1 make p[d] into a ?9 cream ) wat] & rub on ! gloves :ile on ! h&s4 ,?is is a *eaply produc$ comp\nd1 & does its "w effectually4 ,soaps & ,pa/es = ,clean+ ,gloves4-- ,i4--,s(t soap4 #a ounce ,wat]4 #d ounces ,oil ( lemon #a_/b dra*m ,precipitat$ *alk1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat]1 add ! oil1 & make into a /iff pa/e ) a suffici5t quantity ( *alk4 ,,ii4--,:ite h>d soap4 #a "p ,talcum4 #a "p ,wat] #d p>ts ,%ave ! soap into ribbons1 dissolve 9 ! wat] by ! aid ( heat1 & incorporate ! talcum4 ,,iii4--,curd soap #a av4 ounce ,wat] #d fluid\nces ,oil ( lemon4 #a_/b fluidra*m ,fr5* *alk1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,%r$ ! soap & melt x 9 ! wat] by heat1 add ! oil ( lemon1 & make into a /iff pa/e ) ,fr5* *alk4 ,,iv4--,:ite ca/ile soap1 old & dry #ae p>ts ,wat] #ae p>ts ,solution ( *lor9at$ soda #af p>ts ,ammonia wat] #a "p ,cut or %ave up ! soap1 add ! wat]1 & heat on ! wat] ba? to a smoo? pa/e4 ,remove1 let cool1 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts & mix ?or\ghly4 ,v4--,ca/ile soap1 :ite1 old1 & dry #ajj p>ts ,wat] #ge p>ts ,t9cture ( quillaia #aj p>ts ,e!r1 sulphuric #aj p>ts ,ammonia wat]1 ,,ff #e p>ts ,b5z9e1 deodoriz$ #ge p>ts ,melt ! soap1 previ\sly f9ely %av$1 9 ! wat]1 br+ to a boil & remove f ! fire4 ,let cool d[n1 !n add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 incorporat+ !m ?or\ghly4 ,?is %\ld be put up 9 collapsible tubes or tightly clos$ metallic boxes4 ,?is is also useful = clo?+4 ,liquid ,clo? & ,glove ,clean]4-- ,gasol9e4 #a gallon ,*lor(orm4 #a ounce ,c>bon disulphide #a ounce #aif ,ess5tial oil almond #e drops ,oil b]gamot #a dra*m ,oil cloves #e drops ,mix4 ,to be appli$ ) a sponge or s(t clo?4 ,,/one ,,clean+3 ,clean+ & ,poli%+ ,m>ble4--,i4--,m>ble t has become dirty by ord9>y use or exposure may be clean$ by a simple ba? ( soap & wat]4 ,if ?is does n remove /a9s1 a weak solution ( oxalic acid %\ld be appli$ ) a sponge or rag1 wa%+ quickly & ?or\ghly ) wat] to m9imize injury to ! surface4 ,rubb+ well aft] ?is ) *alk moi/5$ ) wat] w1 9 a measure1 re/ore ! lu/]4 ,ano!r me?od ( f9i%+ is to apply a solution ( :ite wax 9 turp5t9e 7ab\t #a 9 #aj71 rubb+ ?or\ghly ) a piece ( flannel or s(t lea!r4 ,if ! m>ble has be5 mu* expos$1 s t its lu/] has be5 s]i\sly impair$1 x may be necess>y to repoli% x 9 a m ?or\gh mann]4 ,?is may be accompli%$ by rubb+ x fir/ ) s&1 beg9n+ ) a mod]ately co>se-gra9$ article & *ang+ ?is twice = f9] k9ds1 aft] :i* tripoli or pumice is us$4 ,! f9al poli% is giv5 by ! s-call$ putty p[d]4 ,a plate ( iron is g5]ally us$ 9 apply+ ! co>se s&2 ) ! f9e s& a lead5 plate is us$2 & ! pumice is employ$ 9 ! =m ( a smoo?-surfac$ piece ( conv5i5t size4 ,= ! f9al poli%+ co>se l95 or bagg+ is us$1 w$g$ tightly into an iron plan+ tool4 ,dur+ all ^! applications wat] is all[$ to trickle ov] ! face ( ! /one4 ,! putty p[d] ref]r$ to is b9oxide ( t91 obta9$ by treat+ metallic t9 ) nitric acid1 :i* conv]ts ! metal into hydrat$ meta/annic acid4 ,?is1 :5 heat$1 becomes anhydr\s4 ,9 ?is condition x is kn[n z putty p[d]4 ,9 practice putty p[d] is mix$ ) alum1 sulphur1 & o!r sub/ances1 ! mixture us$ be+ dep5d5t ^u ! nature ( ! /one to be poli%$4 ,accord+ to ,w>wick1 color$ m>ble %\ld n be treat$ ) soap & wat]1 b only ) ! solution ( beeswax above m5tion$4 ,,ii4--,take #b p>ts ( sodium bic>bonate1 #a "p ( p[d]$ pumice /one1 & #a "p ( f9ely pulv]iz$ *alk4 ,pass ?r\gh a f9e sieve to scre5 out all p>ticles capable ( scrat*+ ! m>ble1 & add suffici5t wat] to =m a pa/y mass4 ,rub ! m>ble ) x vigor\sly1 & end ! clean+ ) soap & wat]4 ,,iii4--,ox gall #a "p ,saturat$ solution ( sodium c>bonate #d p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #a "p ,pipe clay en\gh to =m a pa/e4 ,,iv4--,sodium c>bonate #b ounces ,*lor9at$ lime4 #a ounce ,wat] #ad ounces ,mix well & apply ! magma to ! m>ble ) a clo?1 rubb+ well 91 & f9ally rubb+ dry4 ,x may be necess>y to repeat ?is op]ation4 ,v4--,wa% ! surface ) a mixture ( f9ely p[d]$ pumice /one & v9eg>1 & leave x = sev]al h\rs2 !n bru% x h>d & wa% x clean4 ,:5 dry1 rub ) :it+ & wa% lea!r4 ,,vi4--,s(t soap4 #d p>ts ,:it+ #d p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #a "p ,copp] sulphate #b p>ts ,mix ?or\ghly & rub ov] ! m>ble ) a piece ( flannel1 & leave x on = #bd h\rs1 !n wa% x (f ) clean wat]1 & poli% ! m>ble ) a piece ( flannel or an old piece ( felt4 ,,vii4--,a /rong solution ( oxalic acid effectually takes out ink /a9s4 ,9 h&l+ x ! poison\s nature ( ?is acid %\ld n be =gott54 ,,viii4--,iron mold or ink spots may be tak5 out 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,take #a_/b ounce ( butt] ( antimony & #a ounce ( oxalic acid & dissolve !m 9 #a p9t ( ra9 wat]2 add en\gh fl\r to br+ ! mixture to a prop] consi/5cy4 ,lay x ev5ly on ! /a9$ "p ) a bru%1 &1 aft] x has rema9$ = a few days1 wa% x (f & repeat ! process if ! /a9 is n :olly remov$4 ,,ix4--,to remove oil /a9s apply common clay saturat$ ) b5z9e4 ,if ! grease has rema9$ 9 long ! poli% w be injur$1 b ! /a9 w be remov$4 ,x4--,! foll[+ me?od = remov+ ru/ f iron dep5ds ^u ! solubility ( ! sulphide ( iron 9 a solution ( cyanide ( potassium4 ,clay is made into a ?9 pa/e ) ammonium sulphide1 & ! ru/ spot sme>$ ) ! mixture1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! spot is only j cov]$4 ,aft] t5 m9utes ?is pa/e is wa%$ (f & replac$ by "o consi/+ ( :ite bole mix$ ) a solution ( potassium cyanide 7#a to #d71 :i* is 9 its turn #aig wa%$ (f aft] ab\t #b #a_/b h\rs4 ,%\ld a r$di% spot rema9 aft] wa%+ (f ! fir/ pa/e1 a second lay] may be appli$ = ab\t #e m9utes4 ,,xi4--,s(t soap #d ounces ,:it+ #d ounces ,sodium c>bonate #a ounce ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,make into a ?9 pa/e1 apply on ! soil$ surface1 & wa% (f aft] #bd h\rs4 ,,xii4--,9 a spaci\s tub place a tall vessel upside d[n4 ,on ?is set ! article to be clean$ s t x w n /& 9 ! wat]1 :i* w\ld loos5 ! cem5t$ p>ts4 ,into ?is tub p\r a few in*es ( cold wat]--hot wat] r5d]s m>ble dull--take a s(t bru% & a piece ( ,v5etian soap1 dip ! =m] 9 ! wat] & rub on ! latt] c>efully1 bru%+ (f ! article f top to bottom4 ,:5 9 ?is mann] du/ & dirt h be5 dissolv$1 wa% (f all soap p>ticles by means ( a wat]+ pot & cold wat]1 dab ! object ) a clean sponge1 :i* absorbs ! moi/ure1 place x ^u a clo? & c>efully dry ) a v clean1 s(t clo?1 rubb+ g5tly4 ,?is treatm5t w re/ore ! =m] gloss to ! m>ble4 ,,xiii4--,mix & %ake ?or\ghly 9 a bottle equal quantities ( sulphuric acid & lemon juice4 ,moi/5 ! spots & rub !m lightly ) a l95 clo? & !y w disappe>4 ,,xiv4--,ink spots are treat$ ) acid oxalate ( potassium2 blood /a9s by bru%+ ) alaba/] du/ & di/ill$ wat]1 !n blea*+ ) *lor9e solution4 ,aliz>9e ink & anil9e ink spots c be mod]at$ by lay+ on rags saturat$ ) ,javelle wat]1 *lor9e wat]1 or *loride ( lime pa/e4 ,old oil /a9s c only be effac$ by plac+ ! :ole piece ( m>ble = h\rs 9 b5z9e4 ,fre% oil or grease spots are oblit]at$ by repeat$ applications ( a little damp1 :ite clay & subsequ5t bru%+ ) soap wat] or weak soda solution4 ,= _m o!r spots an application ( b5z9e & magnesia is useful4 ,,xv4--,m>ble slabs keep well & d n lose _! fre% color if !y are clean$ ) hot wat] only1 )\t ! addition ( soap1 :i* is injuri\s to ! color4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t no liquid dries on ! m>ble4 ,if spots ( w9e1 c(fee1 be]1 etc41 h already appe>$1 !y are clean$ ) dilut$ _s ( sal ammoniac1 highly dilut$ oxalic acid1 ,javelle wat]1 ox gall1 or1 take a quantity ( newly slak$ lime1 mix x ) wat] into a pa/e-l consi/5cy1 apply ! pa/e uni=mly on ! spot ) a bru%1 & leave ! coat+ alone = two to ?ree days be=e x is wa%$ (f4 ,if ! spots are n remov$ by a s+le application1 repeat ! latt]4 ,9 us+ ,javelle wat] #a or #b drops %\ld be c>efully p\r$ on ea* spot1 r9s+ (f ) wat]4 ,to ,remove ,grease ,spots f ,m>ble4--,if ! spots are fre%1 rub !m ov] ) a piece ( clo? t has be5 dipp$ into pulv]iz$ *9a clay1 repeat+ ! op]ation sev]al times1 & !n bru% ) soap & wat]4 ,:5 ! spots are old bru% ) di/ill$ wat] & f9e/ ,fr5* pla/] en]getically1 !n blea* ) *loride ( lime t is put on a piece ( :ite clo?4 ,if ! piece ( m>ble is small en\gh to p]mit x1 soak x = a few h\rs 9 ref9$ b5z9e4 ,prep>ation = ,clean+ ,m>ble1 ,furniture1 & ,metals1 ,especially ,copp]4--,?is prep>ation is claim$ to give v quickly p]fect brilliancy1 p]si/+ )\t soil+ ei!r ! h& or ! articles1 & )\t leav+ any odor ( copp]4 ,! foll[+ is ! composition = #ajj p>ts ( ! product3 ,wax1 #b4d p>ts2 oil ( turp5t9e1 #i4d p>ts2 acetic acid1 #db p>ts2 citric acid1 #db p>ts2 :ite soap1 #db p>ts4 ,remov+ ,oil ,/a9s f ,m>ble4--,saturate full]'s e>? ) a solution ( equal p>ts ( soap l9im5t1 ammonia1 & wat]2 apply to ! greasy "p ( ! m>ble2 keep !re = "s h\rs1 press$ d[n ) a smoo?+ iron suffici5tly hot to w>m ! mass1 & z x evaporates occasionally r5ew ! solution4 ,:5 wip$ (f dry ! /a9 w h ne>ly disappe>$4 ,"s days lat]1 :5 m oil works t[>d ! surface repeat ! op]ation4 ,a few su* treatm5ts %\ld suffice4 ,clean+ ,t]ra ,cotta4--,aft] hav+ c>efully remov$ all du/1 pa9t ! t]ra cotta1 by means ( a bru%1 ) a mixture ( slightly gumm$ wat] & f9ely p[d]$ t]ra cotta4 ,r5ovation ( ,poli%$ & ,v>ni%$ ,surfaces ( ,wood1 ,/one1 etc4--,?is is compos$ ( ! foll[+ +r$i5ts1 ?\gh ! proportions may be v>i$3 ,c]eal fl\r or wood pulp1 #ch #a_/b p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #de p>ts2 *loride ( lime1 #af p>ts2 turp5t9e1 #a_/b "p4 ,aft] mix+ ! +r$i5ts ?or\ghly 9 ord] to =m a homog5e\s pa/e1 ! object to be treat$ is sme>$ ) x & all[$ to /& = "s "t4 ,! pa/e on ! surface is !n remov$ by pass+ ov] x quickly a piece ( s(t #aih lea!r or a bru%1 :i* w remove dirt1 grease1 & o!r delet]i\s sub/ances4 ,by rubb+ g5tly ) a clo? or piece ( lea!r a poli%$ surface w be imp>t$ to wood1 & objects ( metal w be r5d]$ lu/r\s4 ,! addition ( *loride ( lime t5ds to keep ! pa/e moi/1 ?us all[+ ! ready removal ( ! pa/e )\t damag+ ! v>ni% or poli%1 :ile ! turp5t9e s]ves z a dis9fectant & r5d]s ! odor less disagreeable dur+ ! op]ation4 ,! prep>ation is rapid 9 its action1 & does n affect ! v>ni%$ or poli%$ surfaces ( wood or m>ble4 ,:ile en]getic 9 its cleans+ action on brass & o!r metallic objects1 x is att5d$ ) no corrosive effect4 ,nitrate ( ,silv] ,spots4--,to remove ^! spots f :ite m>ble1 !y %\ld be pa9t$ ) ,javelle wat]1 & aft] hav+ be5 wa%$1 pass$ ov] a conc5trat$ solution ( ?iosulphate ( soda 7hyposulphite74 ,to ,remove ,oil-,pa9t ,spots f ,s&/ones4--,?is may be done by wa%+ ! spots ) pure turp5t9e oil1 !n cov]+ ! place ) :ite argillace\s e>? 7pipe clay71 leav+ x to dry1 & f9ally rubb+ ) %>p soda lye1 us+ a bru%4 ,cau/ic ammonia also removes oil-pa9t spots f s&/ones4 ,,ru/ ,,remov]s3 ,to ,remove ,ru/ f ,iron or ,/eel ,ut5sils4-- ,i4--,apply ! foll[+ solution by means ( a bru%1 aft] hav+ remov$ any grease by rubb+ ) a clean1 dry clo?3 #ajj p>ts ( /annic *loride are dissolv$ 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]2 ?is solution is add$ to "o conta9+ #b p>ts t>t>ic acid dissolv$ 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 & f9ally #bj cubic c5timet]s indigo solution1 dilut$ ) #b1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 are add$4 ,aft] all[+ ! solution to act ^u ! /a9 = a few seconds1 x is rubb$ clean1 fir/ ) a moi/ clo?1 !n ) a dry clo?2 to re/ore ! poli% use is made ( silv] s& & jewel]s' r\ge4 ,,ii4--,:5 ! ru/ is rec5t x is remov$ by rubb+ ! metal ) a cork *>g$ ) oil4 ,9 ?is mann] a p]fect poli% is obta9$4 ,to take (f old ru/1 mix equal p>ts ( f9e tripoli & fl[]s ( sulphur1 m+l+ ?is mixture ) olive oil1 s z to =m a pa/e4 ,rub ! iron ) ?is prep>ation by means ( a sk94 ,,iii4--,! ru/y piece is connect$ ) a piece ( z9c & plac$ 9 wat] conta9+ a little sulphuric acid4 ,aft] ! articles h be5 9 ! liquid = sev]al days or a week1 ! ru/ w h completely disappe>$4 ,! l5g? ( "t w dep5d ^u ! dep? to :i* ! ru/ has p5etrat$4 ,a little sulphuric acid may be add$ f "t to "t1 b ! *ief po9t is t ! z9c always has good electric contact ) ! iron4 ,to insure ?is an iron wire may be firmly w\nd ar\nd ! iron object & connect$ ) ! z9c4 ,! iron is n attack$ 9 ! lea/1 z long z ! z9c is kept 9 good electric contact ) x4 ,:5 ! articles are tak5 f ! liquid !y assume a d>k gray or black color & are !n wa%$ & oil$4 ,,iv4--,! ru/ on iron & /eel objects1 especially l>ge pieces1 is readily remov$ by rubb+ ! pieces ) oil ( t>t>1 or ) v f9e em]y & a little oil1 or by putt+ p[d]$ alum 9 /rong v9eg> & rubb+ ) ?is alum$ v9eg>4 ,v4--,take cyanide ( calcium1 #be p>ts2 :ite soap1 p[d]$1 #be p>ts2 ,spani% :ite1 #ej p>ts2 & wat]1 #bjj p>ts4 ,triturate all well & rub ! piece ) ?is pa/e4 ,! effect w be quick] if be=e us+ ?is pa/e ! ru/y object has be5 soak$ = #e to #aj m9utes 9 a solution ( cyanide ( potassium 9 ! ratio ( #a "p ( cyanide to #b p>ts ( wat]4 ,,vi4--,to remove ru/ f poli%$ /eel cyanide ( potassium is excell5t4 ,if possible1 soak ! in/rum5t to be clean$ 9 a solution ( cyanide ( potassium 9 ! proportion ( #a ounce ( cyanide to #d ounces ( wat]4 ,all[ ?is to act till all loose ru/ is remov$1 & !n poli% ) cyanide soap4 ,! latt] is made z foll[s3 ,potassium cyanide1 precipitat$ *alk1 :ite ca/ile soap4 ,make a saturat$ solution ( ! cyanide & add *alk suffici5t to make a creamy pa/e4 ,add ! soap cut 9 f9e %av+s & ?or\ghly incorporate 9 a mort>4 ,:5 ! mixture is /iff cease to add ! soap4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t potassium cyanide is a virul5t poison4 ,,vii4--,apply turp5t9e or k]os5e oil1 & aft] lett+ x /& ov] night1 clean ) f9e/ em]y clo?4 ,,viii4--,to free articles ( iron & /eel f ru/ & imb$d$ gra9s ( s& ! articles are treat$ ) fluorhydric acid 7ab\t #b p] c5t7 #a to #b h\rs1 :]eby ! impurities b n ! metal are dissolv$4 ,?is is foll[$ by a wa%+ ) lime milk1 to neutralize any fluorhydric acid rema9+4 #aii ,to ,remove ,ru/ f ,nickel4--,fir/ grease ! articles well2 !n1 aft] a few days1 rub !m ) a rag *>g$ ) ammonia4 ,if ! ru/ spots p]si/1 add a few drops ( hydro*loric acid to ! ammonia1 rub & wipe (f at once4 ,next r9se ) wat]1 dry1 & poli% ) tripoli4 ,removal ( ,ru/4--,to take (f ! ru/ f small articles :i* glass or em]y pap] w\ld bite too deeply1 ! ink-eras+ rubb] us$ 9 bus9ess (fices may be employ$4 ,by bevel+ x1 or cutt+ x to a po9t z ne$ful1 x c be introduc$ into ! smalle/ cavities & w9d+s1 & a p]fect clean+ be effect$4 ,to ,remove ,ru/ f ,in/rum5ts4--,i4--,lay ! in/rum5ts ov] night 9 a saturat$ solution ( *loride ( t94 ,! ru/ spots w disappe> ?r\gh r$uction4 ,^u )drawal f ! solution ! in/rum5ts are r9s$ ) wat]1 plac$ 9 a hot soda-soap solution1 & dri$4 ,clean+ ) absolute alcohol & poli%+ *alk may also foll[4 ,,ii4--,make a solution ( #a "p ( k]os5e 9 #bjj p>ts ( b5z9e or c>bon tetra*loride1 & dip ! in/rum5ts1 :i* h be5 dri$ by leav+ !m 9 heat$ air1 9 ?is1 mov+ _! p>ts1 if movable1 z 9 =ceps & scissors1 ab\t "u ! liquid1 s t x may ent] all ! crevices4 ,next lay ! in/rum5ts on a plate 9 a dry room1 s t ! b5z9e c evaporate4 ,ne$les are simply ?r[n 9 ! p>aff9e solution1 & tak5 out ) tongs or tweez]s1 aft] :i* !y are all[$ to dry on a plate4 ,,iii4--,p\r olive oil on ! ru/ spots & leave = sev]al days2 !n rub ) em]y or tripoli1 )\t wip+ (f ! oil z f> z possible1 or always br++ x back on ! spot4 ,aft]w>ds remove ! em]y & ! oil ) a rag1 rub aga9 ) em]y soak$ ) v9eg>1 & f9ally ) f9e plumbago on a piece ( *amois sk94 ,to ,pres]ve ,/eel f ,ru/4--,to pres]ve /eel f ru/ dissolve #a "p ca\t*\c & #af p>ts turp5t9e ) a g5tle heat1 !n add #h p>ts boil$ oil1 & mix by br++ !m to ! heat ( boil+ wat]4 ,apply to ! /eel ) a bru%1 ! same z v>ni%4 ,x c be remov$ aga9 ) a clo? soak$ 9 turp5t9e4 ,,metal ,,clean+3 ,clean+ & ,pres]v+ ,m$als1 ,co9s1 & ,small ,iron ,articles4--,! coat+ ( silv] *loride may be r$uc$ ) molt5 potassium cyanide4 ,!n boil ! article 9 wat]1 displace ! wat] ) alcohol1 & dry 9 a dry+ closet4 ,:5 dry bru% ) a s(t bru% & cov] ) 8zaponlack0 7any good transp>5t lacqu] or v>ni% w answ]74 ,in/ead ( potassium cyanide alone1 a mixture ( t & potassium c>bonate may be us$4 ,aft] treatm5t 9 ?is way1 delicate objects ( silv] become less brittle4 ,ano!r way is to put ! article 9 molt5 sodium c>bonate & remove ! silv] c>bonate ?us =m$1 by acetic acid ( #ej p] c5t /r5g?4 ,?is process produces ! f9e/ possible poli%4 ,! potassium-cyanide process may be us$ ) all small iron objects4 ,= l>g] ones molt5 potassium rhodanide is recomm5d$4 ,?is conv]ts ! iron oxide into iron sulphide t is easily wa%$ (f & leaves ! surface ( a f9e black color4 ,old co9s may be cleans$ by fir/ imm]s+ !m 9 /rong nitric acid & !n wa%+ !m 9 clean wat]4 ,wipe !m dry be=e putt+ away4 ,to ,clean ,old ,m$als4--,imm]se 9 lemon juice until ! coat+ ( oxide has completely disappe>$2 #bd h\rs is g5]ally suffici5t1 b a long] "t is n h>mful4 ,/eel ,clean]4--,sme> ! object ) oil1 pref]ably petroleum1 & all[ "s days = p5etration ( ! surface ( ! metal4 ,!n rub vigor\sly ) a piece ( flannel or will[ wood4 ,or1 ) a pa/e compos$ ( olive oil1 sulphur fl[]s1 & tripoli1 or ( rott5 /one & oil4 ,f9ally1 a coat+ may be employ$1 made ( #aj p>ts ( potassium cyanide & #a "p ( cream ( t>t>2 or #be p>ts ( potassium cyanide1 ) ! addition ( #ee p>ts ( c>bonate ( lime & #bj p>ts ( :ite soap4 ,re/or+ ,t>ni%$ ,gold4-- ,sodium bic>bonate #bj ounces ,*lor9at$ lime #a ounce ,common salt #a ounce ,wat] #af ounces ,mix well & apply ) a s(t bru%4 ,a v small quantity ( ! solution is suffici5t1 & x may be us$ ei!r cold or lukew>m4 ,pla9 articles may be bright5$ by putt+ a drop or two ( ! liquid ^u !m & lightly bru%+ ! surface ) f9e tissue pap]4 #bjj ,clean+ ,copp]4-- ,i4--,use ,arm5ian bole mix$ into a pa/e ) oleic acid4 ,,ii4--,rott5 /one #a "p ,iron subc>bonate #c p>ts ,l>d oil1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,,iii4--,iron oxide #aj p>ts ,pumice /one #cb p>ts ,oleic acid1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,,iv4--,soap1 cut f9e #af p>ts ,precipitat$ *alk #b p>ts ,jewel]s' r\ge #a "p ,cream ( t>t> #a "p ,magnesium c>bonate #a "p ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! smalle/ quantity ( wat] t w effect solution ov] a wat] ba?4 ,add ! o!r +r$i5ts to ! solution :ile /ill hot1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,to ,remove ,h>d ,grease1 ,pa9t1 etc41 f ,ma*9]y4--,to remove grease1 pa9t1 etc41 f ma*9]y add half a p\nd ( cau/ic soda to #b gallons ( wat] & boil ! p>ts to be clean$ 9 ! fluid4 ,x is possible to use x sev]al times be=e its /r5g? is exhau/$4 ,solutions = ,clean+ ,metals4-- ,i4--,wat] #bj p>ts ,alum #b p>ts ,tripoli #b p>ts ,nitric acid #a "p ,,ii4--,wat] #dj p>ts ,oxalic acid #b p>ts ,tripoli #g p>ts ,to ,cleanse ,nickel4--,i4--,fifty p>ts ( rectifi$ alcohol2 #a "p ( sulphuric acid2 #a "p ( nitric acid4 ,plunge ! piece 9 ! ba? = #aj to #ae seconds1 r9se x (f 9 cold wat]1 & dip x next into rectifi$ alcohol4 ,dry ) a f9e l95 rag or ) sawdu/4 ,,ii4--,/e>9e oil #a "p ,ammonia wat] #be p>ts ,b5z9e #ej p>ts ,alcohol #ge p>ts ,rub up ! /e>9e ) ! ammonia1 add ! b5z9e & !n ! alcohol1 & agitate until homog5e\s4 ,put 9 wide-m\!d vessels & close c>efully4 ,to ,clean ,petroleum ,lamp ,burn]s4--,dissolve 9 a qu>t ( s(t wat] an ounce or an ounce & a half ( wa%+ soda1 us+ an old half-gallon tomato c4 ,into ?is put ! burn] aft] remov+ ! wick1 set x on ! /ove1 & let x boil /rongly = #e or #f m9utes1 !n take out1 r9se "u ! tap1 & dry4 ,e p>ticle ( c>bonace\s matt] w ?us be got rid (1 & ! burn] be z clean & s]viceable z new4 ,?is ought to be done at lea/ e mon?1 b ! light w\ld be bett] if x 7 done e #b weeks4 ,gold-,w>e ,clean]4-- ,acetic acid #b p>ts ,sulphuric acid #b p>ts ,oxalic acid #a "p ,jewel]s' r\ge #b p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #bjj p>ts ,mix ! acids & wat] & /ir 9 ! r\ge1 aft] fir/ rubb+ x up ) a portion ( ! liquid4 ,) a clean clo?1 wet ) ?is mixture1 g well ov] ! article4 ,r9se (f ) hot wat] & dry4 ,silv]w>e ,clean]4--,make a ?9 pa/e ( levigat$ 7n precipitat$7 *alk & sodium hyposulphite1 9 equal p>ts1 rubb$ up 9 di/ill$ wat]4 ,apply ?is pa/e to ! surface1 rubb+ well ) a s(t bru%4 ,r9se 9 cle> wat] & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,"s au?orities advise ! clean] to let ! pa/e dry on ! w>e1 & !n to rub (f & r9se ) hot wat]4 ,silv]-,co9 ,clean]4--,make a ba? ( #aj p>ts ( sulphuric acid & #ij p>ts ( wat]1 & let ! co9 lie 9 ?is until ! cru/ ( silv] sulphide is dissolv$4 ,f #e to #aj m9utes usually suffice4 ,r9se 9 runn+ wat]1 !n rub ) a s(t bru% & ca/ile soap1 r9se aga91 dry ) a s(t clo?1 & !n c>efully rub ) *amois4 ,clean+ ,silv]-,plat$ ,w>e4--,into a wide-m\!d bottle provid$ ) a good cork put ! foll[+ mixture3 ,cream ( t>t> #b p>ts ,levigat$ *alk #b p>ts ,alum #a "p ,p[d] ! alum & rub up ) ! o!r +r$i5ts1 & cork tightly4 ,:5 requir$ = use wet suffici5t ( ! p[d] & ) s(t l95 rags rub ! article1 be+ c>eful n to use mu* pressure1 z o!rwise ! ?9 lay] ( plat+ may be cut ?r\gh4 ,r9se 9 hot suds1 & aft]w>ds 9 cle> wat]1 & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,:5 badly black5$ ) silv] sulphide1 if small1 ! article may be dipp$ = an in/ant 9 hydro*loric acid & imm$iately r9s$ 9 runn+ wat]4 ,l>g] articles may be treat$ z co9s are--imm]s$ = #b or #c m9utes 9 a #aj p] c5t aque\s solution ( sulphuric acid1 or ! surface may be rapidly wip$ #bja ) a swab c>ry+ nitric acid & in/antly r9s$ 9 runn+ wat]4 ,clean+ ,gilt ,bronze ,w>e4--,if greasy1 wa% c>efully 9 suds1 or1 bett]1 dip into a hot solution ( cau/ic pota%1 & !n wa% 9 suds ) a s(t rag1 & r9se 9 runn+ wat]4 ,if n !n clean & bright1 dip into ! foll[+ mixture3 ,nitric acid #aj p>ts ,alum9um sulphate #a "p ,wat] #dj p>ts ,mix4 ,r9se 9 runn+ wat]4 ,britannia ,metal ,clean]4--,rub fir/ ) jewel]s' r\ge made into a pa/e ) oil2 wa% 9 suds1 r9se1 dry1 & f9i% ) *amois or wa% lea!r4 ,to ,remove ,ink ,/a9s on ,silv]4--,silv] articles 9 dome/ic use1 & especially silv] or plat$ ink/&s1 frequ5tly become badly /a9$ ) ink4 ,^! /a9s _c be remov$ by ord9>y processes1 b readily yield to a pa/e ( *loride ( lime & wat]4 ,javelle wat] may be also us$4 ,remov+ ,egg ,/a9s4--,a p9* ( table salt tak5 betwe5 ! ?umb & f+] & rubb$ on ! spot ) ! end ( ! f+] w usually remove ! d>ke/ egg /a9 f silv]4 ,to ,clean ,silv] ,ornam5ts4--,make a /rong solution ( s(t soap & wat]1 & 9 ?is boil ! articles = a few m9utes--five w usually be en\gh4 ,take out1 p\r ! soap solution into a bas91 & z soon z ! liquid has cool$ d[n suffici5tly to be borne by ! h&1 ) a s(t bru% scrub ! articles ) x4 ,r9se 9 boil+ wat] & place on a por\s sub/ance 7a bit ( til+1 a brick1 or unglaz$ e>!nw>e7 to dry4 ,f9ally give a light rubb+ ) a *amois4 ,articles ?us treat$ look z bright z new4 ,solv5t = ,iron ,ru/4--,articles attack$ by ru/ may be conv5i5tly clean$ by dipp+ !m into a well-saturat$ solution ( /annic *loride4 ,! l5g? ( "t ( ! action mu/ be regulat$ accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! ru/4 ,z a rule #ab to #bd h\rs w suffice1 b x is ess5tial to prev5t an excess ( acid 9 ! ba?1 z ?is is liable to attack ! iron itself4 ,aft] ! objects h be5 remov$ f ! ba? !y mu/ be r9s$ ) wat]1 & subsequ5tly ) ammonia1 & !n quickly dri$4 ,greas+ ) vasel9e seems to prev5t new =mation ( ru/4 ,objects treat$ 9 ?is mann] are said to resemble dead silv]4 ,pr(essor ,web] propos$ a dilut$ alkali1 & x has be5 f\nd t aft] employ+ ?is rem$y ! dirt lay] is loos5$ & ! gre5 plat9a reappe>s4 ,pota% has be5 f\nd to be an efficaci\s rem$y1 ev5 9 ! case ( /atues t _h app>5tly turn$ completely black4 ,to ,clean ,poli%$ ,p>ts ( ,ma*9es4--,put 9 a flask #a1jjj p>ts ( petroleum2 add #bj p>ts ( p>aff9e1 %av$ f9e2 cork ! bottle & /& aside = a c\ple ( days1 giv+ x an occasional %ake4 ,! mixture is n[ ready = use4 ,to use1 %ake ! bottle1 p\r a little ( ! liquid ^u a wool5 rag & rub ev5ly ov] ! "p to be clean$2 or apply ) a bru%4 ,set ! article aside &1 next day1 rub x well ) a dry1 wool5 rag4 ,e p>ticle ( ru/1 res9ifi$ grease1 etc41 w disappe> provid$ ! article has n be5 neglect$ too long4 ,9 ?is case a fur!r application ( ! oil w be necess>y4 ,if too great pressure has n be5 made1 or ! rubb+ cont9u$ too long1 ! residual oil f9ally leaves ! surface protect$ by a delicate lay] ( p>aff9e t w prev5t ru/+ = a long "t4 ,to ,clean ,articles ( ,nickel4--,lay !m = a few seconds 9 alcohol conta9+ #b p] c5t ( sulphuric acid2 remove1 wa% 9 runn+ wat]1 r9se 9 alcohol1 & rub dry ) a l95 clo?4 ,?is process gives a brilliant poli% & is especially useful ) plat$ articles on ! plat+ ( :i* ! usual poli%+ mat]ials act v de/ructively4 ,! yell[e/ & br[ne/ nickel$ articles are re/or$ to pri/9e brilliancy by leav+ !m 9 ! alcohol & acid = #ae seconds4 ,five seconds suffice ord9>ily4 ,h[ to ,r5ovate ,bronzes4--,= gilt "w1 fir/ remove all grease1 dirt1 wax1 etc41 ) a solution 9 wat] ( potassium or sodium hydrate1 !n dry1 & ) a s(t rag apply ! foll[+3 ,sodium c>bonate #g p>ts ,spani% :it+ #ae p>ts ,alcohol1 #he p] c5t #ej p>ts ,wat] #abe p>ts ,g ov] e "p c>efully1 us+ a bru% to get into ! m9ute crevices4 ,:5 ?is dries on1 bru% (f ) a f9e l95 clo? or a supple *amois sk94 ,or ! foll[+ plan may be us$3 ,remove grease1 etc41 z direct$ above1 dry & g ov] ! spots :]e ! gilt surface is discolor$ ) a bru% dipp$ 9 a solution ( two p>ts ( alum 9 #bej p>ts ( wat] & #fe p>ts ( nitric acid4 ,z soon z ! gild+ reappe>s or ! #bjb surface becomes bright1 wa% (f1 & dry 9 ! direct sunlight4 ,/ill ano!r clean] is made ( nitric acid1 #cj p>ts2 alum9um sulphate1 #d p>ts2 di/ill$ or ra9 wat]1 #abe p>ts4 ,clean ( grease1 etc41 z above1 & apply ! solution ) a camel's-hair p5cil4 ,r9se (f & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,f9ally1 "s articles are be/ clean$ by imm]s+ 9 hot soap suds & rubb+ ) a s(t bru%4 ,r9se 9 cle>1 hot wat]1 us+ a s(t bru% to get ! residual suds out ( crevices4 ,let dry1 !n f9i% by rubb+ ! gilt spots or places ) a s(t1 l95 rag1 or a bit ( *amois4 ,!re are "s bronzes gilt ) imitation gold & v>ni%$4 ,:]e ! "w is well done & ! gild+ has n be5 on too long1 !y w deceive ev5 ! practic$ eye4 ,! deception1 h[ev]1 may easily be detect$ by t\*+ a spot on ! gilt surface ) a glass rod dipp$ 9 a solution ( corrosive sublimate4 ,if ! gild+ is true no discoloration w occur1 b if false a br[n spot w be produc$4 ,to ,clean a ,gas ,/ove4--,an easy me?od ( remov+ grease spots consi/s 9 imm]s+ ! sep>able p>ts = sev]al h\rs 9 a w>m lye1 heat$ to ab\t #gj ,c4 7#aeh ,f471 said lye to be made ( #i p>ts ( cau/ic soda & #ahj p>ts ( wat]4 ,^! pieces1 toge!r ) ! fix$ p>ts ( ! /ove1 may be well bru%$ ) ?is lye & aft]w>ds r9s$ 9 clean1 w>m wat]4 ,! grease w be dissolv$1 & ! /ove re/or$ almo/ to its orig9al /ate4 ,clean+ ,copp] ,s9ks4--,make rott5 /one into a /iff pa/e ) s(t soap & wat]4 ,rub on ) a wool5 rag1 & poli% ) dry :it+ & rott5 /one4 ,f9i% ) a lea!r & dry :it+4 ,_m ( ! sub/ances & mixtures us$ to clean brass w effectively clean copp]4 ,oxalic acid is said to be ! be/ m$ium = clean+ copp]1 b aft] us+ x ! surface ( ! copp] mu/ be well wa%$1 dri$1 & !n rubb$ ) sweet oil & tripoli1 or "s o!r poli%+ ag5t4 ,o!rwise ! metal w soon t>ni% aga94 ,treatm5t ( ,ca/-,iron ,grave ,crosses4--,! ru/ mu/ fir/ be ?or\ghly remov$ ) a /eel-wire bru%4 ,:5 ?is is done apply "o or two coats ( r$ lead or graphite pa9t4 ,aft] ?is prim+ has become h>d1 pa9t ) d\ble-burnt lampblack & equal p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e & v>ni%4 ,?is coat+ is foll[$ by "o ( lampblack gr\nd ) coa* v>ni%4 ,n[ pa9t ! s+le portions ) 8mixtion0 7gild+ oil7 & gild z usual4 ,su* crosses look bett] :5 !y are n altoge!r black4 ,ornam5ts may be v well treat$ 9 colors ) oil pa9t & !n v>ni%$4 ,! crosses treat$ 9 ?is mann] are pres]v$ = _m ye>s1 b x is ess5tial to use good ext]ior or coa* v>ni% = v>ni%+1 & n ! s-call$ black v>ni%1 :i* is mo/ly compos$ ( asphalt or t>4 ,clean+ ,inf]ior ,gold ,articles4--,! br[n film :i* =ms on l[-quality gold articles is remov$ by coat+ ) fum+ hydro*loric acid1 :]eupon !y are bru%$ (f ) ,vi5na lime & petroleum4 ,f9ally1 clean ! objects ) b5z9e1 r9se aga9 9 pure b5z9e1 & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,to ,clean ,bronze4--,clean ! bronze ) s(t soap2 next wa% x 9 pl5ty ( wat]2 wipe1 let dry1 & apply light encau/ic mixture compos$ ( _s ( turp5t9e 9 :i* a small quantity ( yell[ wax has be5 dissolv$4 ,! encau/ic is spread by means ( a l95 or wool5 wad4 ,= gilt bronze1 add #a spoonful ( alkali to #c spoonfuls ( wat] & rub ! article ) ?is by means ( a ball ( wadd+4 ,next wipe ) a clean *amois1 simil> to t employ$ 9 silv]+4 ,h[ to ,clean ,brass & ,/eel4--,to clean brasses quickly & economically1 rub !m ) v9eg> & salt or ) oxalic acid4 ,wa% imm$iately aft] ! rubb+1 & poli% ) tripoli & sweet oil4 ,unless ! acid is wa%$ (f ! article w t>ni% quickly4 ,copp] kettles & saucepans1 brass &irons1 f5d]s1 & c&le/icks & trays are be/ clean$ ) v9eg> & salt4 ,cook+ vessels 9 con/ant use ne$ only to be well wa%$ aft]w>ds4 ,?+s = %[--ev5 pots & pans--ne$ ! oil poli%+1 :i* gives a deep1 ri*1 yell[ lu/]1 good = six mon?s4 ,oxalic acid & salt %\ld be employ$ = furniture brasses--if x t\*es ! wood x only improves ! tone4 ,wipe ! brasses well ) a wet clo?1 & poli% ?or\ghly ) oil & tripoli4 ,sometimes p[d]$ rott5 /one does bett] ?an ! tripoli4 ,rub1 aft] us+1 ei!r ) a dry clo? or lea!r1 until !re is no trace ( oil4 ,! brass to be clean$ mu/ be fre$ completely f grease1 cak$ dirt1 & grime4 ,wa% ) /rong ammonia suds & r9se dry be=e beg9n+ ) ! acid & salt4 ,! be/ treatm5t = wr\ght /eel is to wa% x v clean ) a /iff bru% #bjc & ammonia soapsuds1 r9se well1 dry by heat1 oil pl5tifully ) sweet oil1 & du/ ?ickly ) p[d]$ quicklime4 ,let ! lime /ay on #b days1 !n bru% x (f ) a clean1 v /iff bru%4 ,poli% ) a s(t] bru%1 & rub ) clo?s until ! lu/] comes out4 ,by leav+ ! lime on1 iron & /eel may be kept f ru/ almo/ indef9itely4 ,be=e wett+ any sort ( bric-a-brac1 & especially bronzes1 remove all ! du/ possible4 ,aft] du/+1 wa% well 9 /rong :ite soapsuds & ammonia1 r9se clean1 poli% ) j a suspicion ( oil & rott5 /one1 & rub (f aft]w>ds e trace ( ! oil4 ,nev] let acid t\* a bronze surface1 unless to eat & pit x = antique effects4 ,composition = ,clean+ ,copp]1 ,nickel1 & o!r ,metals4--,wool grease1 #df p>ts1 by weight2 fire clay1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 p>aff9e1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 ,canova wax1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 cocoanut oil1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 oil ( mirbane1 #a "p1 by weight4 ,aft] mix+ ^! diff]5t +r$i5ts1 :i* con/itute a pa/e1 ?is is mold$ 9 ord] to give a cyl9drical =m1 & introduc$ into a case s t x c be us$ l a /ick ( cosmetic4 ,putz ,pomade4--,i4--,oxalic acid1 #a "p2 caput mortuum1 #ae p>ts 7or1 if :ite pomade is desir$1 tripoli1 #ab p>ts72 p[d]$ pumice /one1 be/ grade1 #bj p>ts2 palm oil1 #fj p>ts2 petroleum or ole9e1 #d p>ts4 ,p]fume ) mirbane oil4 ,,ii4--,oxalic acid #a "p ,p]oxide ( iron 7jewel]s' r\ge7 #ae p>ts ,rott5 /one #bj p>ts ,palm oil #fj p>ts ,petrolatum #e p>ts ,pulv]ize ! acid & ! rott5 /one & mix ?or\ghly ) ! r\ge4 ,sift to remove all grit1 !n make into a pa/e ) ! oil & petrolatum4 ,a little nitro-b5zol may be add$ to sc5t ! mixture4 ,,iii4--,ole9e #dj p>ts ,c]es9e #e p>ts ,tripoli #dj p>ts ,light m9]al oil 7#j4hgj7 #bj p>ts ,melt ! ole9e1 c]es9e1 & m9]al oil toge!r1 & /ir 9 ! tripoli2 next1 gr9d ev5ly 9 a pa9t mill4 ,to ,clean ,gumm$ ,p>ts ( ,ma*9]y4--,boil ab\t #aj to #ae p>ts ( cau/ic soda or #ajj p>ts ( soda 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 imm]se ! p>ts to be clean$ 9 ?is = "s "t1 or1 bett]1 boil !m ) x4 ,!n r9se & dry4 ,= small %ops ?is mode ( clean+ is d\btless ! be/4 ,to ,remove ,silv] ,plat+4--,i4--,put sulphuric acid #ajj p>ts & potassium nitrate 7saltpet]7 #aj p>ts 9 a vessel ( /onew>e or porcela91 heat$ on ! wat] ba?4 ,:5 ! silv] has left ! copp]1 r9se ! objects sev]al times4 ,?is silv] /ripp+ ba? may be us$ sev]al times1 if x is kept 9 a well-clos$ bottle4 ,:5 x is saturat$ ) silv]1 decant ! liquid1 boil x to dryness1 !n add ! residue to ! deposit1 & melt 9 ! crucible to obta9 ! metal4 ,,ii4--,/ripp+ silv]$ articles ( ! silv]+ may be accompli%$ by ! foll[+ mixture3 ,sulphuric acid1 #fj ,b41 #c p>ts2 nitric acid1 #dj ,b41 #a "p2 heat ! mixture to ab\t #aff ,f41 & imm]se ! articles by means ( a copp] wire4 ,9 a few seconds ! acid mixture w h done ! "w4 ,a ?or\gh r9s+ (f is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y4 ,to ,clean ,z9c ,articles4--,9 ord] to clean articles ( z9c1 /ir rye bran into a pa/e ) boil+ wat]1 & add a h&ful ( silv] s& & a little vitriol4 ,rub ! article ) ?is pa/e1 r9se ) wat]1 dry1 & poli% ) a clo?4 ,to ,remove ,ru/ f ,nickel4--,sme> ! ru/$ p>ts well ) grease 7ord9>y animal fat w d71 & all[ ! article to /& sev]al days4 ,if ! ru/ is n ?ick ! grease & ru/ may be rubb$ (f ) a clo? dipp$ 9 ammonia4 ,if ! ru/ is v deep1 apply a dilut$ solution ( hydro*loric acid1 tak+ c>e t ! acid does n t\* ! metal1 & ! ru/ may be easily rubb$ (f4 ,!n wa% ! article & poli% 9 ! usual way4 ,comp\nd = ,clean+ ,brass4--,to make a brass clean+ comp\nd use oxalic acid1 #a ounce2 rott5 /one1 #f ounces2 en\gh :ale oil & spirits ( turp5t9e ( equal p>ts1 to mix1 & make a pa/e4 ,to ,clean ,gilt ,objects4--,i4--,into an ord9>y dr9k+ glass p\r ab\t #bj drops ( ammonia1 imm]se ! piece to be clean$ repeat$ly 9 ?is1 & bru% ) a s(t bru%4 ,treat ! article ) pure wat]1 !n ) alcohol1 & wipe ) a s(t rag4 ,,ii4--,boil common alum 9 s(t1 pure wat]1 & imm]se ! article 9 ! solution1 or rub ! spot ) x1 & dry ) sawdu/4 ,,iii4--,= clean+ picture frames1 #bjd mold+s1 &1 9 fact1 all k9ds ( gild$ "w1 ! be/ m$ium is liquor potass1 dilut$ ) ab\t #e volumes ( wat]4 ,dilute alcohol is also excell5t4 ,me?ylat$ wood _s1 if ! odor is n objectionable1 answ]s admirably4 ,to ,scale ,ca/ ,iron4--,to remove ! scale f ca/ iron use a solution ( #a "p vitriol & #b p>ts wat]2 aft] mix+1 apply to ! scale ) a clo? roll$ 9 ! =m ( a bru%1 us+ en\gh to wet ! surface well4 ,aft] #h or #aj h\rs wa% (f ) wat]1 :5 ! h>d1 scaly surface w be completely remov$4 ,clean+ ,funnels & ,measures4--,funnels & measures us$ = measur+ v>ni%es1 oils1 etc41 may be clean$ by soak+ !m 9 a /rong solution ( lye or pe>la%4 ,ano!r mixture = ! same purpose consi/s ( pe>la% ) quicklime 9 aque\s solution4 ,! measures are all[$ to soak 9 ! solution = a %ort "t1 :5 ! res9\s matt] ( ! pa9t or v>ni% is easily remov$4 ,a ?9 coat+ ( petroleum lubricat+ oils may be remov$1 x is said1 by ! use ( naph?a or petroleum b5z9e4 ,to ,clean ,alum9um4--,i4--,alum9um articles are v h>d to clean s !y w h a bright1 new appe>ance4 ,?is is especially ! case ) ! matt$ or fro/$ pieces4 ,to re/ore ! pieces to brilliancy place !m = "s "t 9 wat] t has be5 slightly acidulat$ ) sulphuric acid4 ,,ii4--,wa% ! alum9um ) coal-oil1 gasol9e or b5z9e1 !n put x 9 a conc5trat$ solution ( cau/ic pota%1 & aft] wa%+ x ) pl5ty ( wat]1 dip x 9 ! ba? compos$ ( #b_/c nitric acid & #a_/c wat]4 ,next1 subject x to a ba? ( conc5trat$ nitric acid1 & f9ally to a mixture ( rum & olive oil4 ,to r5d] alum9um capable ( be+ work$ l pure copp]1 #b_/c ( oil ( turp5t9e & #a_/c /e>ic acid are us$4 ,= poli%+ by h&1 take a solution ( #cj p>ts ( borax & #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 to :i* a few drops ( spirits ( ammonia h be5 add$4 ,h[ to ,clean ,t>ni%$ ,silv]4--,i4--,if ! articles are only slightly t>ni%$1 mix #c p>ts ( be/ wa%$ & purifi$ *alk & #a "p ( :ite soap1 add+ wat]1 till a ?9 pa/e is =m$1 :i* %\ld be rubb$ on ! silv] ) a dry bru%1 till ! articles are q bright4 ,z a sub/itute1 :it+1 mix$ ) cau/ic ammonia to =m a pa/e1 may be us$4 ,?is mixture is v effective1 b x irritates ! eyes & nose4 ,,ii4--,an efficaci\s prep>ation is obta9$ by mix+ bee*-wood a%es1 #b p>ts2 ,v5etian soap1 #d_/ajj "p2 cook+ salt1 #b p>ts2 ra9 wat]1 #h p>ts4 ,bru% ! silv] ) ?is lye1 us+ a some:at /iff bru%4 ,,iii4--,a solution ( cry/alliz$ potassium p]manganate has be5 recomm5d$4 ,,iv4--,a grayi% violet film :i* silv]w>e acquires f p]spiration1 c be readily remov$ by means ( ammonia4 ,v4--,to remove spots f silv] lay x = #d h\rs 9 soapmak]s' lye1 !n ?r[ on f9e p[d]$ gypsum1 moi/5 ! latt] ) v9eg> to cause x to adh]e1 dry ne> ! fire1 & wipe (f4 ,next rub ! spot ) dry bran4 ,?is n only causes x to disappe>1 b gives extraord9>y gloss to ! silv]4 ,,vi4--,clean+ ) ! usual f9e p[d]s is att5d$ ) "s difficulty & inconv5i5ce4 ,an excell5t result is obta9$ )\t injury to ! silv] by employ+ a saturat$ solution ( hyposulphite ( soda1 :i* is put on ) a bru% or rag4 ,! article is !n wa%$ ) pl5ty ( wat]4 ,,vii4--,nev] use soap on silv]w>e1 z x dulls ! lu/]1 giv+ ! article m ! appe>ance ( pewt] ?an silv]4 ,:5 x wants clean+1 rub x ) a piece ( s(t lea!r & prep>$ *alk1 made into a pa/e ) pure wat]1 entirely free f grit4 ,to ,clean ,dull ,gold4--,i4--,take #hj p>ts1 by weight1 ( *loride ( lime1 & rub x up ) gradual addition ( wat] 9 a porcela9 mort> into a ?91 ev5 pa/e1 :i* is put into a solution ( #hj p>ts1 by weight1 ( bic>bonate ( soda1 & #bj p>ts1 by weight1 ( salt1 9 #c1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,%ake x1 & let /& a few days be=e us+4 ,if ! prep>ation is to be kept = any l5g? ( "t ! bottle %\ld be plac$1 well cork$1 9 ! cell>4 ,= use1 lay ! t>ni%$ articles 9 a di%1 p\r ! liquid1 :i* has previ\sly be5 well %ak51 ov] !m s z j to cov] !m1 & leave !m !re9 = a few days4 ,,ii4--,bic>bonate ( soda4 #ca p>ts ,*loride ( lime #ae4e p>ts ,cook+ salt #ae p>ts ,wat] #bdj p>ts ,gr9d ! *loride ( lime ) a little wat] to a ?9 pa/e1 9 a porcela9 vessel1 & add ! rema9+ *emicals4 ,wa% ! objects ) ! aid ( a s(t bru% ) ! solution1 r9se sev]al times 9 wat]1 & dry 9 f9e sawdu/4 #bje ,clean+ ,bronze ,objects4--,employ p[d]$ *icory mix$ ) wat]1 s z to obta9 a pa/e1 :i* is appli$ ) a bru%4 ,aft] ! bru%+1 r9se (f & dry 9 ! sun or ne> a /ove4 ,clean+ ,gild$ ,bronzes4--,i4--,comm5ce by remov+ ! spots ( grease & wax ) a little pota% or soda dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,let dry1 & apply ! foll[+ mixture ) a rag3 ,c>bonate ( soda1 #g p>ts2 :it+1 #ae p>ts2 alcohol 7#he71 #ej p>ts2 wat]1 #abe p>ts4 ,:5 ?is coat+ is dry pass a f9e l95 clo? or a piece ( supple sk9 ov] x4 ,! holl[ p>ts are clean$ ) a bru%4 ,,ii4--,aft] remov+ ! grease spots1 let dry & pass ov] all ! damag$ p>ts a p5cil dipp$ 9 ! foll[+ mixture3 ,alum1 #b p>ts2 nitric acid1 #fe2 wat]1 #bej p>ts4 ,:5 ! gild+ becomes bright1 wipe1 & dry 9 ! sun or ne> a fire4 ,,iii4--,wa% 9 hot wat] conta9+ a little soda1 dry1 & pass ov] ! gild+ a p5cil soak$ 9 a liquid made ( #cj p>ts nitric acid1 #d p>ts ( alum9um phosphate1 & #abe p>ts ( pure wat]4 ,dry 9 sawdu/4 ,,iv4--,imm]se ! objects 9 boil+ soap wat]1 & facilitate ! action ( ! soap by rubb+ ) a s(t bru%2 put ! objects 9 hot wat]1 bru% !m c>efully1 & let !m dry 9 ! air2 :5 !y are q dry rub ! %9+ p>ts only ) an old l95 clo? or a s(t lea!r1 )\t t\*+ ! o!rs4 ,/ripp+ ,gilt ,articles4--,degild+ or /ripp+ gilt articles may be done by atta*+ ! object to ! positive pole ( a batt]y & imm]s+ x 9 a solution compos$ ( #a p\nd ( cyanide dissolv$ 9 ab\t #a gallon ( wat]4 ,desilv]+ may be effect$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,to ,clean ,t>ni%$ ,z9c4--,apply ) a rag a mixture ( #a "p sulphuric acid ) #ab p>ts ( wat]4 ,r9se ! z9c ) cle> wat]4 ,clean+ ,pewt] ,articles4--,p\r hot lye ( wood a%es ^u ! t91 ?r[ on s&1 & rub ) a h>d1 wool5 rag1 hat felt1 or :isk until all p>ticles ( dirt h be5 dissolv$4 ,to poli% pewt] plates x is well to h ! turn] make simil> wood5 =ms fitt+ ! plates1 & to rub !m clean ?is way4 ,next !y are r9s$ ) clean wat] & plac$ on a table ) a clean l95 cov] on :i* !y are left to dry )\t be+ t\*$1 o!rwise spots w appe>4 ,?is sc\r+ is n necess>y s (t5 if ! pewt] is rubb$ ) :eat bran aft] use & clean$ p]fectly4 ,new pewt] is poli%$ ) a pa/e ( :it+ & br&y1 rubb+ ! di%es ) x until ! mass becomes dry4 ,to ,clean ,files4--,files :i* h become clogg$ ) t9 or lead are clean$ by dipp+ = a few seconds into conc5trat$ nitric acid4 ,to remove iron fil+s f ! file cuts1 a ba? ( blue vitriol is employ$4 ,aft] ! files h be5 r9s$ 9 wat] !y are likewise dipp$ 9 nitric acid4 ,file-ridges clos$ up by z9c are clean$ by imm]s+ ! files 9 dilut$ sulphuric acid4 ,su* z h become fill$ ) copp] or brass are also treat$ ) nitric acid1 b "h ! process has to be repeat$ sev]al times4 ,! files %\ld always be r9s$ 9 wat] aft] ! treatm5t1 bru%$ ) a /iff bru%1 & dri$ 9 sawdu/ or by p\r+ alcohol ov] !m1 & lett+ x burn (f on ! file4 ,scale ,pan ,clean]4--,ab\t ! quicke/ clean] = brass scale pans is a solution ( potassium bi*romate 9 dilute sulphuric acid1 us+ ab\t #a "p ( *romate1 9 p[d]1 to #c p>ts ( acid & #f p>ts ( wat]4 ,9 ?is imbibe a clo? wrapp$ ar\nd a /ick 7to protect ! h&s71 & ) x rub ! pans4 ,d ?is at tap or hydrant1 s t no "t is lo/ 9 plac+ ! pan 9 runn+ wat] aft] hav+ rubb$ x ) ! acid solution4 ,= pans n v badly soil$ rubb+ ) ammonia wat] & r9s+ is suffici5t4 ,t>ni% on ,electro-,plate ,goods4--,?is t>ni% c be remov$ by dipp+ ! article = f #a to #ae m9utes--t is1 until ! t>ni% %all h be5 remov$--9 a pickle ( ! foll[+ composition3 ,ra9 wat] #b gallons & potassium cyanide #a_/b p\nd4 ,dissolve toge!r1 & fill into a /one jug or j>1 & close tightly4 ,! article1 aft] hav+ be5 imm]s$1 mu/ be tak5 out & ?or\ghly r9s$ 9 sev]al wat]s1 !n dri$ ) f9e1 clean sawdu/4 ,t>ni% on jewelry c be spe$ily remov$ by ?is process2 b if ! cyanide is n completely remov$ x w corrode ! goods4 ,,oil-1 ,,grease-1 ,,pa9t-,,spot ,,eradicators3 ,grease- & ,pa9t-,spot ,eradicators4-- ,i4--,b5zol #ejj p>ts ,b5z9e #ejj p>ts ,soap1 be/ :ite1 %av$ #e p>ts ,wat]1 w>m1 suffici5t4 #bjf ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! w>m wat]1 us+ f #ej to #fj p>ts4 ,mix ! b5zol & b5z9e1 & add ! soap solution1 a little at a "t1 %ak+ up well aft] ea* addition4 ,if ! mixture is sl[ 9 emulsify+1 add at "o "t f #ej to #ajj p>ts ( w>m wat]1 & %ake viol5tly4 ,set ! emulsion aside = a few days1 or until x sep>ates1 !n decant ! sup]flu\s wat]1 & p\r ! residual pa/y mass1 aft] /irr+ x up well1 into suitable boxes4 ,,ii4--,soap _s #ajj p>ts ,ammonia solution1 #aj p] c5t #be p>ts ,acetic e!r #ae p>ts ,,iii4--,extract ( quillaia #a "p ,borax #a "p ,ox gall1 fre% #f p>ts ,tall[ soap #ae p>ts ,triturate ! quillaia & borax toge!r1 incorporate ! ox gall1 &1 f9ally1 add ! tall[ soap & mix ?or\ghly by knead+4 ,! product is a pla/ic mass1 :i* may be roll$ into /icks or put up into boxes4 ,remov+ ,oil ,spots f ,lea!r4--,to remove oil /a9s f lea!r1 dab ! spot c>efully ) spirits ( sal ammoniac1 & aft] all[+ x to act = a :ile1 wa% ) clean wat]4 ,?is treatm5t may h to be repeat$ a few times1 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 n to injure ! color ( ! lea!r4 ,sometimes ! spot may be remov$ v simply by spread+ ! place r ?ickly ) butt] & lett+ ?is act = a few h\rs4 ,next scrape (f ! butt] ) ! po9t ( a knife1 & r9se ! /a9 ) soap & lukew>m wat]4 ,to ,clean ,l9oleum4--,ru/ spots & o!r /a9s c be remov$ f l9oleum by rubb+ ) /eel *ips4 ,to ,remove ,putty1 ,grease1 etc41 f ,plate ,glass4--,to remove all k9ds ( greasy mat]ials f glass1 & to leave ! latt] bright & clean1 use a pa/e made ( b5z9e & burnt magnesia ( su* consi/5ce t :5 ! mass is press$ betwe5 ! f+]s a drop ( b5z9e w exude4 ,) ?is mixture & a wad ( cotton1 g ov] ! entire surface ( ! glass1 rubb+ x well4 ,"o rubb+ is usually suffici5t4 ,aft] dry+1 any ( ! sub/ance left 9 ! corn]s1 etc41 is easily remov$ by bru%+ ) a suitable bru%4 ,! same prep>ation is v useful = clean+ mirrors & remov+ grease /a9s f books1 pap]s1 etc4 ,remov+ ,spots f ,furniture4--,:ite spots on poli%$ tables are remov$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,coat ! spot ) oil & p\r on a rag a few drops ( 8mixtura balsamica oleosa10 :i* c be b\ght 9 e drug /ore1 & rub on ! spot1 :i* w disappe> imm$iately4 ,to ,remove ,spots f ,draw+s1 etc4--,place soap/one1 f9e me]s*aum %av+s1 amian?us1 or p[d]$ magnesia on ! spot1 &1 if necess>y1 lay on :ite filt]+ pap]1 saturat+ x ) p]oxide ( hydrog54 ,all[ ?is to act = a few h\rs1 & remove ! application ) a bru%4 ,if necess>y1 repeat ! op]ation4 ,9 ?is mann] black c(fee spots 7 remov$ f a valuable diagram )\t erasure by knife or rubb]4 ,,wat*mak]s' ,,& ,,jewel]s' ,,clean+ ,,prep>ations3 ,to ,clean ! ,tops ( ,clocks 9 ,repair+4--,spr9kle :it+ on ! top4 ,p\r good v9eg> ov] ?is & rub vigor\sly4 ,r9se 9 clean wat] & dry sl[ly 9 ! sun or at ! fire4 ,a good poli% w be obta9$4 ,to ,clean ,wat* ,*a9s4--,gold or silv] wat* *a9s c be clean$ ) a v excell5t result1 no matt] :e!r !y be matt or poli%$1 by lay+ !m = a few seconds 9 pure aqua ammonia2 !y are !n r9s$ 9 alcohol1 & f9ally %ak5 9 clean sawdu/1 free f s&4 ,imitation gold & plat$ *a9s are fir/ clean$ 9 b5z9e1 !n r9s$ 9 alcohol1 & aft]w>ds %ak5 9 dry sawdu/4 ,ord9>y *a9s are fir/ dipp$ 9 ! foll[+ pickle3 ,pure nitric acid is mix$ ) conc5trat$ sulphuric acid 9 ! proportion ( #aj p>ts ( ! =m] to #b p>ts ( ! latt]2 a little table salt is add$4 ,! *a9s are boil$ 9 ?is mixture1 !n r9s$ sev]al times 9 wat]1 aft]w>ds 9 alcohol1 & f9ally dri$ 9 sawdu/4 ,clean+ ,brass ,m\nt+s on ,clock ,cases1 etc4--,! brass m\nt+s are fir/ clean$ ( dirt by dipp+ !m = a %ort "t into boil+ soda lye1 & next are pickl$1 /ill w>m1 if possible1 9 a mixture consi/+ ( nitric acid1 #fj p>ts2 sulphuric acid1 #dj p>ts2 cook+ salt1 #a "p2 & %9+ soot 7lampblack71 #a_/b "p1 :]eby !y acquire a h&some gold5-yell[ color+4 ,! pickl+ mixture1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be employ$ imm$iately aft] p\r+ toge!r ! acids1 :i* causes a /rong g5]ation ( heat1 b %\ld settle = at lea/ #bjg #a day4 ,?is makes ! articles h&som] & m uni=m4 ,aft] ! dipp+ ! objects are r9s$ 9 pl5ty ( clean wat] & dri$ on a hot1 iron plate1 & at ! same "t w>m$ = lacqu]+4 ,s9ce ! pieces w\ld be lacqu]$ too ?ick & unev5ly 9 pure gold v>ni%1 ?is is dilut$ ) alcohol1 #a "p ( gold v>ni% suffic+ = #aj p>ts ( alcohol4 ,into ?is liquid dip ! m\nt+s previ\sly w>m$ & dry !m aga9 on ! hot plate4 ,gilt ,z9c ,clocks4--,x frequ5tly happ5s t clocks ( gilt z9c become cov]$ ) gre5 spots4 ,to remove su* spots ! foll[+ process is us$3 ,soak a small wad ( cotton 9 alkali & rub x on ! spot4 ,! gre5 color w disappe> at once1 b ! gild+ be+ gone1 a black spot w rema94 ,wipe (f well to remove all traces ( ! alkali4 ,to replace ! gild+1 put on1 by means ( liquid gum arabic1 a little bronze p[d] ( ! color ( ! gild+4 ,! p[d]$ bronze is appli$ dry ) ! aid ( a bru% or cotton wad4 ,:5 ! gild+ ( ! clock has become black or dull f age1 x may be reviv$ by imm]sion 9 a ba? ( cyanide ( potassium1 b frequ5tly x suffices to wa% x ) a s(t bru% 9 soap & wat]1 9 :i* a little c>bonate ( soda has be5 dissolv$4 ,bru% ! piece 9 ! la!r1 r9se 9 clean wat]1 & dry 9 r hot sawdu/4 ,! piece %\ld be dri$ well inside & outside1 z moi/ure w cause x to turn black4 ,to ,clean ,gumm$ ,up ,spr+s4--,dissolve cau/ic soda 9 w>m wat]1 place ! spr+ 9 ! solution & leave x !re = ab\t "o half h\r4 ,any oil /ill adh]+ may n[ easily be tak5 (f ) a h>d bru%2 next1 dry ! spr+ ) a clean clo?4 ,9 ?is mann] gumm$ up p>ts ( t[] clocks1 locks1 etc41 may be quickly & ?or\ghly clean$1 & oil pa9t may be remov$ f metal or wood4 ,! lye is %>p1 b free f dang]1 nor are ! /eel p>ts attack$ by x4 ,to ,clean ,sold]$ ,wat* ,cases4--,gold1 silv]1 & o!r metallic wat* cases :i* 9 sold]+ h be5 expos$ to heat1 are laid 9 dilut$ sulphuric acid 7#a "p acid to #aj to #ae p>ts wat]71 to free !m f oxide4 ,heat+ ! acid accel]ates ! clean+ process4 ,! articles are !n well r9s$ 9 wat] & dri$4 ,gold cases are next bru%$ ) p[d]$ tripoli moi/5$ ) oil1 to remove ! pale spots caus$ by ! heat & boil+1 & to re/ore ! orig9al color4 ,aft] t !y are clean$ ) soap wat] & f9ally poli%$ ) r\ge4 ,silv] cases are poli%$ aft] boil+1 ) a scrat* bru% dipp$ 9 be]4 ,a ,simple ,way to ,clean a ,clock4--,take a bit ( cotton ! size ( a h5's egg1 dip x 9 k]os5e & place x on ! floor ( ! clock1 9 ! corn]2 %ut ! door ( ! clock1 & wait #c or #d days4 ,! clock w be l a new "o--& if y look inside y w f9d ! cotton batt+ black ) du/4 ,! fumes ( ! oil loos5 ! p>ticles ( du/1 & !y fall1 ?us clean+ ! clock4 ,to ,re/ore ! ,color ( a ,gold or ,gilt ,dial4--,dip ! dial = a few seconds 9 ! foll[+ mixture3 ,half an ounce ( cyanide ( potassium is dissolv$ 9 a qu>t ( hot wat]1 & #b ounces ( /rong ammonia1 mix$ ) #a_/b an ounce ( alcohol1 are add$ to ! solution4 ,on removal f ?is ba?1 ! dial %\ld imm$iately be imm]s$ 9 w>m wat]1 !n bru%$ ) soap1 r9s$1 & dri$ 9 hot boxwood du/4 ,or x may simply be imm]s$ 9 dilute nitric acid2 b 9 ?is case any pa9t$ figures w be de/roy$4 ,a ,ba? = ,clean+ ,clocks4--,9 an enamel$ iron or t]ra-cotta vessel p\r #b1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 add #ej p>ts ( scrap$ ,m>seilles soap1 #hj to #ajj p>ts ( :it+1 & a small cup ( spirits ( ammonia4 ,to ha/5 ! process ( solution1 w>m1 b d n all[ to boil4 ,if ! clock is v dirty or mu* oxidiz$1 imm]se ! pieces 9 ! ba? :ile w>m1 & z long z necess>y4 ,take !m out ) a skimm] or /ra9]1 & p\r ov] !m "s b5z9e1 lett+ ! liquid fall into an empty vessel4 ,?is be+ decant$ & bottl$ c be us$ indef9itely = r9s+4 ,if ! ba? has too mu* alkali or is us$ :5 too hot1 x may affect ! poli% & r5d] x dull4 ,?is may be obviat$ by try+ diff]5t /r5g?s ( ! alkali4 ,pieces ( blu$ /eel are n injur$ by ! alkali1 ev5 :5 pure4 ,to ,remove a ,figure or ,"n f a ,dial4--,oil ( spike lav5d] may be employ$ = eras+ a lett] or numb]4 ,enamel p[d] made into a pa/e ) wat]1 oil1 or turp5t9e is also us$ = ?is purpose4 ,x %\ld be previ\sly levigat$ s z to obta9 sev]al degrees ( f95ess4 ,! p[d] us$ = repoli%+ ! surface1 :]e an impression has be5 remov$1 mu/ be extremely f9e4 ,x is appli$ ) a piece ( #bjh pegwood or ivory4 ,! be/ me?od is to employ diamond p[d]4 ,take a little ( ! p[d]1 make into a pa/e ) f9e oil1 on ! end ( a copp] poli%] ! surface ( :i* has be5 fre%ly fil$ & slightly r\nd$4 ,! m>ks w rapidly disappe> :5 rubb$ ) ?is4 ,! surface is left a little dull2 x may be r5d]$ bright by rubb+ ) ! same p[d] mix$ ) a great] quantity ( oil1 & appli$ ) a /ick ( pegwood4 ,wat*mak]s w d well to try on disus$ dials sev]al degrees ( f95ess ( ! diamond p[d]4 ,clean+ ,pe>ls4--,pe>ls turn yell[ 9 ! c\rse ( "t by absorb+ p]spiration on acc\nt ( be+ worn 9 ! hair1 at ! ?roat1 & on ! arms4 ,!re are sev]al ways ( r5d]+ !m :ite aga94 ,i4--,! be/ process is said to be to put ! pe>ls into a bag ) :eat bran & to heat ! bag ov] a coal fire1 ) con/ant motion4 ,,ii4--,ano!r me?od is to br+ #h p>ts ea* ( well-calc9$1 f9ely p[d]$ lime & wood *>coal1 :i* has be5 /ra9$ ?r\gh a gauze sieve1 to a boil ) #ejj p>ts ( pure ra9 wat]1 susp5d ! pe>ls ov] ! /eam ( ! boil+ wat] until !y are w>m$ ?r\gh1 & !n boil !m 9 ! liquid = #e m9utes1 turn+ frequ5tly4 ,let !m cool 9 ! liquid1 take !m out1 & wa% (f well ) clean wat]4 ,,iii4--,place ! pe>ls 9 a piece ( f9e l951 ?r[ salt on !m1 & tie !m up4 ,next r9se ! ti$-up pe>ls 9 lukew>m wat] until all ! salt has be5 extract$1 & dry !m at an ord9>y temp]ature4 ,,iv4--,! pe>ls may also be boil$ ab\t #a_/d h\r 9 c['s milk into :i* a little *eese or soap has be5 scrap$2 take !m out1 r9se (f 9 fre% wat]1 & dry !m ) a clean1 :ite clo?4 ,v4--,ano!r me?od is to h ! pe>ls1 /rung on a silk ?read or wrapp$ up 9 ?9 gauze1 mix$ 9 a loaf ( bread ( b>ley fl\r & to h ! loaf bak$ well 9 an ov51 b n too br[n4 ,:5 cool remove ! pe>ls4 ,,vi4--,hang ! pe>ls = a c\ple ( m9utes 9 hot1 /rong1 w9e v9eg> or highly dilut$ sulphuric acid1 remove1 & r9se !m 9 wat]4 ,d n leave !m too long 9 ! acid1 o!rwise !y w be injur$ by x4 ,,glass ,,clean+3 ,clean+ ,prep>ation = ,glass ) ,metal ,decorations4--,mix #a1jjj p>ts ( d5aturiz$ _s 7#if p] c5t7 ) #aej p>ts1 by weight1 ( ammonia2 #bj p>ts ( acetic e!r2 #ae p>ts ( e?ylic e!r2 #bjj p>ts ( ,vi5na lime2 #iej p>ts ( bolus2 & #eej p>ts ( ole9e4 ,) ?is mixture bo? glass & metal c be quickly & ?or\ghly clean$4 ,x is p>ticul>ly recomm5d$ = %[ w9d[s ornam5t$ ) metal4 ,pa/e = ,clean+ ,glass4-- ,prep>$ *alk #f p\nds ,p[d]$ ,fr5* *alk #a #a_/b p\nds ,phosphate calcium #b #a_/d p\nds ,quillaia b>k #b #a_/d p\nds ,c>bonate ammonia #ah ounces ,rose p9k #f ounces ,mix ! +r$i5ts1 9 f9e p[d]1 & sift ?r\gh musl94 ,!n mix ) s(t wat] to ! consi/5cy ( cream1 & apply to ! glass by means ( a s(t rag or sponge2 all[ x to dry on1 wipe (f ) a clo?1 & poli% ) *amois4 ,clean+ ,optical ,l5ses4--,= ?is purpose a ,g]man contempor>y recomm5ds vegetable pi?4 ,! m$ulla ( ru%es1 eld]s1 or sunfl[]s is cut out1 ! pieces are dri$ & pa/$ s+ly alongside ( "o ano!r ^u a piece ( cork1 :]eby a bru%-l app>atus is obta9$1 :i* is pass$ ov] ! surface ( ! l5s4 ,= v small l5ses po9t$ pieces ( eld] pi? are employ$4 ,to dip dirty & greasy l5ses into oil ( turp5t9e or e!r & rub !m ) a l95 rag1 z has be5 propos$1 seems haz>d\s1 because ! ,canada balsam ) :i* ! l5ses are cem5t$ might dissolve4 ,to ,remove ,glue f ,glass4--,if glue has simply dri$ ^u ! glass hot wat] ought to remove x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! spots are due to size 7! gelat9\s wa% us$ by pa9t]s7 :5 dri$ !y become v refractory & rec\rse mu/ be _h to *emical means = _! removal4 ,! commone/ size be+ a solution ( gelat91 alum1 & ros9 dissolv$ 9 a solution ( soda & comb9$ ) />*1 hot solutions ( cau/ic soda or ( pota% may be us$4 ,if t fails to remove !m1 try dilut$ hydro*loric1 sulphuric1 or any ( ! /rong] acids4 ,if ! spots /ill rema9 "s abrasive p[d] 7fl\r ( em]y7 mu/ be us$ & ! glass repoli%$ ) jewel]s' r\ge appli$ by means ( a *amois sk94 ,ow+ to ! v>i$ nature ( sizes us$ ! above are only sugge/ions4 ,clean+ ,w9d[ ,panes4--,take dilut$ nitric acid ab\t z /rong z /rong #bji v9eg> & pass x ov] ! glass pane1 leave x to act a m9ute & ?r[ on pulv]iz$ :it+1 b j en\gh to give (f a hiss+ s\nd4 ,n[ rub bo? ) ! h& ov] ! :ole pane & poli% ) a dry rag4 ,r9se (f ) clean wat] & a little alcohol & poli% dry & cle>4 ,repeat ! process on ! o!r side4 ,! nitric acid removes all impurities :i* h rema9$ on ! glass at ! factory1 & ev5 ) inf]ior panes a good appe>ance is obta9$4 ,to ,clean ,/ore ,w9d[s4--,= clean+ ! l>ge panes ( glass ( /ore w9d[s1 & also ord9>y %[ cases1 a semiliquid pa/e may be employ$1 made ( calc9$ magnesia & purifi$ b5z9e4 ,! glass %\ld be rubb$ ) a cotton rag until x is brilliant4 ,clean+ ,lamp ,globes4--,p\r #b spoonfuls ( a slightly heat$ solution ( pota% into ! globe1 moi/5 ! :ole surface ) x1 & rub ! /a9s ) a f9e l95 rag2 r9se ! globe ) clean wat] & c>efully dry x ) a f9e1 s(t clo?4 ,to ,clean ,mirrors4--,rub ! mirror ) a ball ( s(t pap] slightly damp5$ ) me?ylat$ spirits1 !n ) a du/] on :i* a little :it+ has be5 spr9kl$1 & f9ally poli% ) clean pap] or a wa% lea!r4 ,?is treatm5t w make ! glass beautifully bright4 ,to ,clean ,milk ,glass4--,to remove oil spots f milk glass panes & lamp globes1 knead burnt magnesia ) b5z9e to a pla/ic mass1 :i* mu/ be kept 9 a tight-clos+ bottle4 ,a little ( ?is sub/ance rubb$ on ! spot ) a l95 rag w make x disappe>4 ,to ,remove ,oil-,pa9t ,spots f ,glass4--,if ! w9d[ panes h be5 bespatt]$ ) oil pa9t 9 pa9t+ walls1 ! spots are1 ( c\rse1 easily remov$ :ile wet4 ,:5 !y h become dry ! op]ation is m difficult & alcohol & turp5t9e 9 equal p>ts1 or _s ( sal ammoniac %\ld be us$ to s(t5 ! pa9t4 ,aft] t g ov] x ) *alk4 ,poli%+ ) salt w also remove pa9t spots4 ,! salt grates some:at1 b x is n h>d en\gh to cause scrat*es 9 ! glass2 a subsequ5t poli%+ ) *alk is also advisable1 z ! dry+ ( ! salt might injure ! glass4 ,= scrat*+ (f s(t pa9t spots %eet z9c mu/ be us$1 z x _c damage ! glass on acc\nt ( its s(tness4 ,9 ! case ( silicate pa9ts 7! s-call$ wea!r-pro( coat+s7 ! panes mu/ be especially protect$1 because ^! pa9ts de/roy ! poli% ( ! glass4 ,rubb+ ! spots ) br[n soap is also a good way ( remov+ ! spots1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 9 r9s+ (f t ! w9d[ frames are n act$ ^u4 ,remov+ ,silv] ,/a9s4--,! foll[+ solution w remove silv] /a9s f ! h&s1 & also f wool51 l951 or cotton goods3 ,m]curic *loride #a "p ,ammonia muriate #a "p ,wat] #h p>ts ,! comp\nd is poison\s4 ,,miscellane\s ,,clean+ ,,me?ods ,,& ,,processes3 ,univ]sal ,clean]4-- ,gre5 soap #bj to #be p>ts ,boil+ wat] #gej p>ts ,liquid ammonia1 cau/ic #cj to #dj p>ts ,acetic e!r #bj to #cj p>ts ,mix4 ,to ,clean ,play+ ,c>ds4--,slightly soil$ play+ c>ds may be made clean by rubb+ !m ) a s(t rag dipp$ 9 a solution ( camphor4 ,v little ( ! latt] is necess>y4 ,to ,remove ,vegetable ,gr[? f ,build+s4--,to remove moss & li*5 f /one & masonry1 apply wat] 9 :i* #a p] c5t ( c>bolic acid has be5 dissolv$4 ,aft] a few h\rs ! plants c be wa%$ (f ) wat]4 ,solid ,cleans+ ,comp\nd4--,! basis ( mo/ ( ! solid grease eradicators is b5z9e & ! simple/ =m is a b5z9e jelly made by %ak+ #c ounces ( t9cture ( quillaia 7soap b>k7 ) en\gh b5z9e to make #af fluid\nces4 ,b5z9e may also be solidifi$ by ! use ( a soap ) addition ( an excess ( alkali4 ,=mulas 9 :i* soaps are us$ 9 ?is way foll[3 ,i4--,cocoanut-oil soap4 #b av4 ounces ,ammonia wat] #c fluid\nces ,solution ( potassium #a #a_/b fluid\nces ,wat] en\gh to make #ab fluid\nces ,dissolve ! soap ) ! aid ( heat 9 #d fluid\nces ( wat]1 add ! ammonia & potassa & ! rema9d] ( ! wat]4 ,if ! b5z9e is add$ 9 small portions1 & ?or\ghly agitat$1 #b #a_/b fluid\nces ( ! above w be f\nd suffici5t to solidify #cb fluid\nces ( b5z9e4 #baj ,,ii4--,ca/ile soap1 :ite #c #a_/b av4 ounces ,wat]1 boil+ #c #a_/b fluid\nces ,wat] ( ammonia #e fluidra*ms ,b5z9e en\gh to make #af fluid\nces ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat]1 & :5 cold1 add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,to ,clean ,oily ,bottles4--,use #b heap$ tablespoonfuls 7= e qu>t ( capacity7 ( f9e sawdu/ or :eat bran1 & %ake well to cov] ! int]ior surface ?or\ghly2 let /& a few m9utes & !n add ab\t a gill ( cold wat]4 ,if ! bottle be !n rotat$ 9 a horizontal position1 x w usually be f\nd clean aft] a s+le treatm5t4 ,9 ! case ( dry+ oils1 especially :5 old1 ! bottles %\ld be moi/5$ inside ) a little e!r1 & left /&+ a few h\rs be=e ! introduction ( sawdu/4 ,?is me?od is claim$ to be m rapid & conv5i5t ?an ! cu/om>y "o ( us+ /rips ( pap]1 soap solution1 etc4 ,cork ,clean]4--,wa% 9 #aj p] c5t solution ( hydro*loric acid1 !n imm]se 9 a solution ( sodium hyposulphite & hydro*loric acid4 ,f9ally ! corks are wa%$ ) a solution ( soda & pure wat]4 ,corks conta9+ oil or fat _c be clean$ by ?is me?od4 ,to ,clean ,sponges4--,r9se well fir/ 9 v weak1 w>m1 cau/ic-soda lye1 !n ) clean wat]1 & f9ally leave ! sponges 9 a solution ( brom9e 9 wat] until clean4 ,!y w :it5 soon] if expos$ to ! sun 9 ! brom9e wat]4 ,!n repeat ! r9s+s 9 weak lye & clean wat]1 us+ ! latt] till all smell ( brom9e has disappe>$4 ,dry quickly & 9 ! sun if possible4 ,,cle>+ ,,ba?s3 ,see ,photography4 ,,cli* ,,metals3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,clock-,,dial ,,lett]+3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,clock-,,h& ,,color+3 ,see ,metals4 ,,clock ,,oil3 ,see ,oil4 ,,clock ,,repair+3 ,see ,wat*mak+4 ,,clockmak]s' ,,clean+ ,,processes3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,clo? ,,to ,,iron1 ,,glue+3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,clo!s ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods2 also1 ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,clo?s ,,= ,,poli%+3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,clo?1 ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,clo?+1 ,,c>e ,,(3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,coa* ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,coals1 ,,to ,,eat ,,burn+3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,coal ,,oil3 ,see ,oil4 ,,cobaltiz+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,cocoas3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,cocoa ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,cocoanut ,,cake3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas & ,recipes4 ,,co*9eal ,,insect ,,rem$y3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,cod-,,liv] ,,oil ,,& ,,its ,,emulsion3 ,see ,oil1 ,cod-,liv]4 ,,c(fee1 ,,sub/itutes ,,=4 ,i4--,acorn4--,f acorns depriv$ ( _! %ells1 husk$1 dri$1 & roa/$4 ,,ii4--,bean4--,horse beans roa/$ along ) a little honey or sug>4 ,,iii4--,beet ,root4--,f ! yell[ beet root1 slic$1 dri$ 9 a kiln or ov51 & gr\nd ) a little c(fee4 ,,iv4--,d&elion4--,f d&elion roots1 slic$1 dri$1 roa/$1 & gr\nd ) a little c>amel4 ,all ! above are roa/$1 be=e gr9d+ !m1 ) a little fat or l>d4 ,^? :i* are l>g] ?an c(fee b]ries are cut into small slices be=e be+ roa/$4 ,!y possess none ( ! exhil>at+ prop]ties or m$ic9al virtues ( ! g5u9e c(fee4 ,v4--,*icory4--,?is is a common adult]ant4 ,! roa/$ root is prep>$ by cutt+ ! full-gr[n root into slices1 & expos+ x to heat 9 iron cyl9d]s1 along ) ab\t #a #a_/b p] c5t or #b p] c5t ( l>d1 9 a simil> way to t adopt$ = c(fee4 ,:5 gr\nd to p[d] 9 a mill x con/itutes ! #baa *icory c(fee s g5]ally employ$ bo? z a sub/itute = c(fee & z an adult]ant4 ,! addition ( #a "p ( good1 fre%1 roa/$ *icory to #aj or #ab p>ts ( c(fee =ms a mixture :i* yields a bev]age ( a full] flavor1 & ( a deep] color ?an t furni%$ by an equal quantity ( pure or unmix$ c(fee4 ,9 ?is way a less quantity ( c(fee may be us$1 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! article sub/itut$ = x does n possess 9 any degree ! peculi> excit+1 soo?+1 & hung]-/ay+ prop]ties ( t valuable product4 ,! use1 h[ev]1 ( a l>g] proportion ( *icory ?an t j nam$ imp>ts to ! bev]age an insipid flavor1 int]m$iate betwe5 t ( treacle & licorice2 :ile ! cont9ual use ( roa/$ *icory1 or highly *icoriz$ c(fee1 seldom fails to weak5 ! p[]s ( dige/ion & d]ange ! b[els4 ,,c(fee ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,c(fee ,,extracts3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,c(fee ,,syrups3 ,see ,syrups4 ,,c(fee ,,= ,,! ,,soda ,,f\nta93 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,coil ,,spr+3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,co9 ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,co9s1 ,,impressions ,,(3 ,see ,matrix ,mass4 ,,co9 ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,colas3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,cold & ,c\gh ,mixtures ,c\gh ,syrup4--,! simple/ =m ( c\gh syrup ( good keep+ quality is syrup ( wild *]ry conta9+ ammonium *loride 9 ! dose ( #b #a_/b gra9s to ea* teaspoonful4 ,mo/ ( ! o!r comp\nds conta9 +r$i5ts t are prone to und]go f]m5tation4 ,i4--,ipecacuanha w9e #a fluid\nce ,_s ( anise #a fluidra*m ,syrup #af fluid\nces ,syrup ( squill #h fluid\nces ,t9cture ( ,tolu #d fluidra*ms ,di/ill$ wat] en\gh to make #cj fluid\nces ,,ii4--,h]o9 #f gra9s ,aromatic sulphuric acid #a #a_/b fluid\nces ,conc5trat$ acid infusion ( roses #d fluid\nces ,di/ill$ wat] #e fluid\nces ,glyc]9e #e fluid\nces ,oxymel ( squill #aj fluid\nces ,,iii4--,glyc]9e #b fluid\nces ,fluid extract ( wild *]ry #d fluid\nces ,oxymel #aj fluid\nces ,syrup #aj fluid\nces ,co*9eal1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,b5zoic-,acid ,pa/illes4-- ,b5zoic acid #aje p>ts ,rhatany extract #ebe p>ts ,tragacan? #ce p>ts ,sug> #adj p>ts ,! mat]ials1 9 ! %ape ( p[d]s1 are mix$ well & suffici5t fruit pa/e add$ to br+ ! mass up to #d1ejj p>ts4 ,roll out & divide into loz5ges weigh+ #bj gra9s ea*4 ,c\gh ,balsam ) ,icel& ,moss4-- ,solution ( morph9e acetate #ab p>ts ,sulphuric acid1 dilute #ab p>ts ,*]ry-laurel wat] #ab p>ts ,orange-fl[] wat]1 triple #bd p>ts ,syrup1 simple #abh p>ts ,glyc]9e #dh p>ts ,t9cture ( saffron #h p>ts ,decoction ( ,icel& moss #aab p>ts ,mix4 ,dose3 ,"o teaspoonful4 ,balsamic ,c\gh ,syrup4-- ,balsam ( ,p]u #b dra*ms ,t9cture ( ,tolu #d dra*ms ,camphorat$ t9cture ( opium #d ounces ,p[d]$ extract licorice #a ounce ,syrup squill #d ounces ,syrup dextr9e 7glucose7 suffici5t to make #af ounces ,add ! balsam ( ,p]u to ! t9ctures1 & 9 a mort> rub up ! extract ( licorice ) ! syrups4 ,mix toge!r & direct to be tak5 9 teaspoonful doses4 ,:oop+-,c\gh ,rem$ies4--,! foll[+ mixture is a spray to be us$ #bab 9 ! sick room 9 cases ( :oop+ c\gh3 ,?ymol #a4j ,t9cture ( eucalyptus #cj4j ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #cj4j ,alcohol #ajj4j ,wat] en\gh to make #ajjj4j ,mix4 ,p\r "s ( ! mixture on a clo? & hold to m\? s t ! mixture is inhal$1 !reby giv+ relief4 ,expectorant ,mixtures4-- ,i4--,ammon4 *loride #a dra*m ,potass4 *lorate #cj gra9s ,p>egoric #b fluidra*ms ,syrup ( ipecac #b fluidra*ms ,syrup wild *]ry en\gh to make #b fluid\nces ,dose3 ,"o teaspoonful4 ,,ii4--,potass4 *lorate #a dra*m ,t9cture guaiac #c #a_/b dra*ms ,t9cture rhub>b #a #a_/b dra*ms ,syrup wild *]ry en\gh to make #c fluid\nces ,dose3 ,"o teaspoonful4 ,eucalyptus ,bonbons = ,c\ghs4-- ,eucalyptus oil #e p>ts ,t>t>ic acid #ae p>ts ,extract ( malt #bd p>ts ,cacao #ajj p>ts ,pepp]m9t oil #a4d p>ts ,bonbon mass #b1bjc p>ts ,mix & make into bonbons weigh+ #cj gra9s ea*4 ,,cold ,,cream3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,colic ,,9 ,,cattle3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,collodion4 ,turp5t9e #e p>ts ,e!r & alcohol #aj p>ts ,collodion #id p>ts ,ca/or oil #a "p ,dissolve ! turp5t9e 9 ! e!r & alcohol mixture 79 equal p>ts7 & filt]1 !n add to ! mixture ( collodion & ca/or oil4 ,?is makes a good ela/ic collodion4 ,see also ,c\rt ,pla/]1 ,liquid4 ,,cologne3 ,see ,p]fumes4 ,,cologne ,,= ,,heada*es3 ,see ,heada*es4 ,,colors3 ,see ,dyes & ,pigm5ts4 ,,colors1 ,,fusible ,,enamel3 ,see ,enamel+4 ,,colors ,,= ,,pa9ts3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,color ,,photography3 ,see ,photography4 ,,colors ,,= ,,syrups3 ,see ,syrups4 ,,concrete3 ,see ,/one1 ,artificial4 ,condim5ts ,*[*[4-- ,curry p[d] #d ounces ,mu/>d p[d] #f ounces ,g+] #c ounces ,turm]ic #b ounces ,cay5ne #b dra*ms ,black pepp] p[d] #b dra*ms ,cori&] #a dra*m ,allspice #a dra*m ,mace #cj gra9s ,?yme #cj gra9s ,savory #cj gra9s ,cel]y se$ #b dra*ms ,cid] v9eg> #b gallons ,mix all ! p[d]s ) ! v9eg>1 & /eep ! mixture ov] a v g5tle fire = #c h\rs4 ,! pickles are to be p>boil$ ) salt1 & dra9$1 & ! spic$ v9eg>1 prep>$ z above1 is to be p\r$ ov] !m :ile x is /ill w>m4 ,! *[*[ keeps be/ 9 small j>s1 tightly cov]$4 ,ess5ce ( ,extract ( ,s\p ,h]bs4--,?yme1 #d ounces2 w9t] savory1 #d ounces2 sweet m>joram1 #d ounces2 sweet basil1 #d ounces2 grat$ lemon peel1 #a ounce2 es*alots1 #b ounces2 bruis$ cel]y se$1 #a ounce2 alcohol 7#ej p] c5t71 #fd ounces4 ,mix ! vegetables1 prop]ly bruis$1 add ! alcohol1 close ! conta9] & set aside 9 a mod]ately w>m place to dige/ = #ae days4 ,filt] & press out4 ,pres]ve 9 #d-ounce bottles1 well cork$4 ,tomato ,b\illon ,extract4--,tomatoes1 #a qu>t2 arr[root1 #b ounces2 extract ( beef1 #a ounce2 bay leaves1 #a ounce2 cloves1 #b ounces2 r$ pepp]1 #d dra*ms2 ,worce/]%ire sauce1 quantity suffici5t to flavor4 ,mix4 ,mock ,turtle ,extract4--,extract ( beef1 #b ounces2 conc5trat$ *ick51 #b ounces2 clam juice1 #h ounces2 t9cture ( black pepp]1 #a ounce2 extract ( cel]y1 #c dra*ms2 extract ( orange peel1 soluble1 #a dra*m2 hot wat] en\gh to make #b qu>ts4 #bac ,,reli%es3 ,dige/ive ,reli%4-- ,i4--,two ounces ,jamaica g+]2 #b ounces black pepp]corns2 #a ounce mu/>d se$2 #a ounce cori&] fruit 7se$72 #a ounce pim5to 7allspice72 #a_/b ounce mace2 #a_/b ounce cloves2 #a_/b ounce nutmegs2 #a_/b ounce *ili pods2 #c dra*ms c>damom se$s2 #d ounces g>lic2 #d ounces es*alots2 #d p9ts malt v9eg>4 ,bruise spices1 g>lic1 etc41 & boil 9 v9eg> = #ae m9utes & /ra94 ,to ?is add #b #a_/b p9ts mu%room ket*up2 #a #a_/b p9ts ,india soy4 ,aga9 simm] = #ae m9utes & /ra9 ?r\gh musl94 ,,ii4--,"o p\nd soy2 #ej ounces be/ v9eg>2 #d ounces ket*up2 #d ounces g>lic2 #d ounces es*alots2 #d ounces capsicum2 #a_/b ounce cloves2 #a_/b ounce mace2 #a_/d ounce c9namon2 #a dra*m c>damom se$s4 ,boil well & /ra94 ,l9coln%ire ,reli%4--,two ounces g>lic2 #b ounces ,jamaica g+]2 #c ounces black pepp]corns2 #c_/d ounce cay5ne pepp]2 #a_/d ounce osse92 #c_/d ounce nutmeg2 #b ounces salt2 #a #a_/b p9ts ,india soy4 ,en\gh malt v9eg> to make #a gallon4 ,bruise spices1 g>lic1 etc41 & simm] 9 #a_/b a gallon ( v9eg> = #bj m9utes1 /ra9 & add soy & suffici5t v9eg> to make #a gallon1 !n boil = #e m9utes4 ,keep 9 bulk z long z possible4 ,curry ,p[d]4-- ,i4--,cori&] se$ #f dra*ms ,turm]ic #e scruples ,fre% g+] #d #a_/b dra*ms ,cum9 se$ #ah gra9s ,black pepp] #ed gra9s ,poppy se$ #id gra9s ,g>lic #b heads ,c9namon #a scruple ,c>damom #e se$s ,cloves #h only ,*illies #a or #b pods ,grat$ cocoanut #a_/b nut ,,ii4--,cori&] se$ #a_/d p\nd ,turm]ic #a_/d p\nd ,c9namon se$ #b ounces ,cay5ne #a_/b ounce ,mu/>d #a ounce ,gr\nd g+] #a ounce ,allspice #a_/b ounce ,f5ugreek se$ #b ounces ,,table ,,sauces3 ,worce/]%ire ,sauce4-- ,pim5to #b dra*ms ,clove #a dra*m ,black pepp] #a dra*m ,g+] #a dra*m ,curry p[d] #a ounce ,capsicum #a dra*m ,mu/>d #b ounces ,%allots1 bruis$ #b ounces ,salt #b ounces ,br[n sug> #h ounces ,tam>9ds #d ounces ,%]ry w9e #a p9t ,w9e v9eg> #b p9ts ,! spices mu/ be fre%ly bruis$4 ,! +r$i5ts are to simm] toge!r ) ! v9eg> = an h\r1 add+ m ( ! v9eg> z x is lo/ by evaporation2 !n add ! w9e1 & if desir$ "s c>amel color+4 ,set aside = a week1 /ra91 & bottle4 ,table ,sauce4--,br[n sug>1 #af p>ts2 tam>9ds1 #af p>ts2 onions1 #d p>ts2 p[d]$ g+]1 #d p>ts2 salt1 #d p>ts2 g>lic1 #b p>ts2 cay5ne1 #b p>ts2 soy1 #b p>ts2 ripe apples1 #fd p>ts2 mu/>d p[d]1 #b p>ts2 curry p[d]1 #a "p2 v9eg>1 quantity suffici5t4 ,p>e & core ! apples1 boil !m 9 suffici5t v9eg> ) ! tam>9ds & rais9s until s(t1 !n pulp ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,p\nd ! onions & g>lic 9 a mort> & add ! pulp to t ( ! apples4 ,!n add ! o!r +r$i5ts & v9eg>1 #fj p>ts2 heat to boil+1 cool1 & add %]ry w9e1 #aj p>ts1 & en\gh v9eg> to make ! sauce j p\rable4 ,if a sweet sauce is desir$ add suffici5t treacle be=e ! f9al boil+4 ,epicure's ,sauce4--,eight ounces tam>9ds2 #ab ounces sultana rais9s2 #b ounces g>lic2 #d ounces es*alots2 #d ounces horse-radi% root2 #b ounces black pepp]2 #a_/b ounce *ili pods2 #c ounces raw ,jamaica g+]2 #a #a_/b p\nds gold5 syrup2 #a p\nd burnt sug> 7c>amel72 #a ounce p[d]$ cloves2 #a p9t ,india soy2 #a gallon malt v9eg>4 ,bruise roots1 spices1 etc41 & boil 9 v9eg> = #ae m9utes1 !n /ra94 ,to ! /ra9$ liquor add gold5 syrup1 soy1 & burnt sug>1 !n simm] = #aj m9utes4 ,piccalilli ,sauce4--,"o dra*m *ili pods2 #a #a_/b ounces black pepp]corns2 #a_/b ounce pim5to2 #c_/d ounce g>lic2 #a_/b gallon malt v9eg>4 ,bruise spices & g>lic1 boil 9 ! v9eg> = #aj m9utes1 & /ra94 ,"o ounce gr\nd ,jamaica g+]2 #a ounce turm]ic2 #b ounces fl[] ( mu/>d2 #b ounces p[d]$ natal arr[root2 #h ounces /rong acetic acid4 ,rub p[d]s 9 a mort> ) acetic acid & add to above1 !n boil = #e m9utes1 or until x ?ick5s4 ,,flavor+ ,,spices4 ,i4--,five ounces p[d]$ c9namon b>k2 #b #a_/b ounces p[d]$ cloves2 #b #a_/b #bad ounces p[d]$ nutmegs2 #a #a_/d ounces p[d]$ c>away se$s2 #a #a_/d ounces p[d]$ cori&] se$s2 #a ounce p[d]$ ,jamaica g+]2 #a_/b ounce p[d]$ allspice4 ,let all be dry & 9 f9e p[d]4 ,mix & pass ?r\gh a sieve4 ,,ii4--,pickl+ ,spice4--,t5 p\nds small ,jamaica g+]2 #b #a_/b p\nds black pepp]corns2 #a #a_/b p\nds :ite pepp]corns2 #a #a_/b p\nds allspice2 #c_/d p\nd long pepp]2 #a #a_/d p\nds mu/>d se$2 #a_/b p\nd *ili pods4 ,cut up g+] & long pepp] into small pieces1 & mix all ! o!r +r$i5ts intimately4 ,"o ounce to ea* p9t ( boil+ v9eg> is suffici5t1 b x may be made /rong] if desir$ hot4 ,ess5ce ( ,savory ,spices4--,two & "o-half ounces black pepp]corns2 #a ounce pim5to2 #c_/d ounce nutmeg2 #a_/b ounce mace2 #a_/b ounce cloves2 #a_/d ounce c9namon b>k2 #a_/d ounce c>away se$s2 #bj gra9s cay5ne pepp]2 #ae ounces _s ( w9e2 #e ounces di/ill$ wat]4 ,bruise all ! spices & hav+ mix$ _s & wat]1 dige/ 9 mixture #ad days1 %ak+ frequ5tly1 !n filt]4 ,,mu/>d3 ,! ,prep>$ ,mu/>ds ( ,comm]ce4--,! mu/>d1 i4 e41 ! fl[] or p[d]$ se$1 us$ 9 prep>+ ! diff]5t condim5ts1 is d]iv$ f ?ree v>ieties ( ,brassica 7,crucif]7--,brassica alba ,l41 ,brassica nigra1 & ,brassica juncea4 ,! fir/ yields ! 8:ite0 se$ ( comm]ce1 :i* produces a mild mu/>d2 ! second ! 8black0 se$1 yield+ ! m pung5t p[d]2 & ! latt] a v pung5t & oily mu/>d1 mu* employ$ by ,russians4 ,! pung5cy ( ! condim5t is also affect$ by ! me?od ( prep>+ ! pa/e1 excessive heat de/roy+ ! %>pness completely4 ,! pung5cy is fur!r controll$ & temp]$1 9 ! cold processes1 by ! addition ( :eat or rye fl\r1 :i* also has ! advantage ( s]v+ z a b9d] ( ! mu/>d4 ,! mu/>d fl\r is prep>$ by fir/ decorticat+ ! se$1 !n gr9d+ to a f9e p[d]1 ! expression ( ! fix$ oil f :i* completes ! process4 ,?is oil1 unlike ! volatile1 is ( a mild1 pleasant ta/e1 & ( a gre5i% color1 :i*1 x is said1 makes x valuable 9 ! sophi/ication & imitation ( 8olive0 oils1 ref9$1 cottonse$1 or peanut oil be+ ?us conv]t$ into huile vi]ge de ,lucca1 ,flor5ce1 or "s o!r not$ br& ( olive oil4 ,x is also ext5sively us$ = illum9at+ purposes1 especially 9 s\!rn ,russia4 ,! flavors1 o!r ?an t ( ! mu/>d itself1 ( ! v>i\s prep>ations are imp>t$ by ! judici\s use ( spices--c9namon1 nutmeg1 cloves1 pim5to1 etc4--aromatic h]bs1 su* z ?yme1 sage1 *]vil1 p>sley1 m9t1 m>joram1 t>ragon1 etc41 & f9ally *ives1 onions1 %allots1 leeks1 g>lic1 etc4 ,9 prep>+ ! mu/>ds on a l>ge scale1 ! mu/>d fl[] & :eat or rye fl\r are mix$ & gr\nd to a smoo? pa/e ) v9eg>1 mu/ 7unf]m5t$ grape juice71 w9e1 or :atev] is us$ 9 ! prep>ation1 a mill simil> to a drug or pa9t mill be+ us$ = ! purpose4 ,?is d\gh imm$iately becomes spongy1 & 9 ?is condition1 te*nically call$ 8cake10 is us$ z ! basis ( ! v>i\s mu/>ds ( comm]ce4 ,mu/>d ,cakes4--,9 ! mixture1 ! am\nt ( fl\r us$ dep5ds on ! pung5cy ( ! mu/>d fl[]1 & ! flavor desir$ to be imp>t$ to ! f9i%$ product4 ,! cakes are broadly divid$ into ! yell[ & ! br[n4 ,a g5]al =mula = ! yell[ cake is3 ,yell[ mu/>d1 f #bj to #cj p] c5t2 salt1 f #a to #c p] c5t2 spices1 f #a_/d to #a_/b ( #a p] c5t2 :eat fl\r1 f #h to #ab p] c5t4 ,v9eg>1 mu/1 or w9e1 complete ! mixture4 ,! br[n cake is made ) black mu/>d1 & conta9s ab\t ! foll[+ proportions3 ,black mu/>d1 f #bj to #cj p] c5t2 salt1 f #a to #c p] c5t2 spices1 f #a_/d to #a_/b ( #a p] c5t2 :eat or rye fl\r1 f #aj to #ae p] c5t4 ,! v>iations are s wide1 h[ev]1 t x is impossible to give exact proportions4 ,9 ! manufacture ( table mu/>ds1 9 fact1 z 9 e o!r k9d ( manufacture1 excell5ce is atta9$ only by practice & ! ex]cise ( s\nd judgm5t & ta/e by ! manufactur]4 ,m\t>de des ,jesuittes4--,twelve s>dels & #bhj cap]s are cru%$ into a pa/e & /irr$ into #c p9ts ( boil+ w9e v9eg>4 ,add #d ounces ( br[n cake & #h ounces ( yell[ cake & mix well4 ,kirs*n] ,w9e ,mu/>d4--,r$uce #cj qu>ts ( fre%ly express$ grape juice to half t quantity1 by boil+ ov] a mod]ate fire1 on a wat] ba?4 ,dissolve 9 ! boil+ liquid #e p\nds ( sug>1 & p\r ! syrup ?r\gh a col&] conta9+ #b or #c l>ge horse-radi%es cut #bae into v ?9 slices & laid on a co>se t[el spread ov] ! bottom & sides ( ! col&]4 ,to ! colate add ! foll[+1 all 9 a /ate ( f9e p[d]3 ,c>damom se$s #b #a_/b dra*ms ,nutmeg #b #a_/b dra*ms ,cloves #d #a_/b dra*ms ,c9namon #a ounce ,g+] #a ounce ,br[n mu/>d cake #f p\nds ,yell[ mu/>d cake #i p\nds ,gr9d all toge!r to a p]fectly smoo? pa/e1 & /ra9 sev]al times ?r\gh musl94 ,duesseldorff ,mu/>d4-- ,br[n mu/>d cake #aj ounces ,yell[ mu/>d cake #dh ounces ,boil+ wat] #if ounces ,w9e v9eg> #fd ounces ,c9namon #e dra*ms ,cloves #ae dra*ms ,sug> #fd ounces ,w9e1 good :ite #fd ounces ,mix aft] ! g5]al directions giv5 above4 ,g]man ,table ,mu/>d4-- ,laurel leaves #h ounces ,c9namon #e dra*ms ,c>damom se$s #b dra*ms ,sug> #fd ounces ,w9e v9eg> #if ounces ,br[n cake #aj ounces ,yell[ cake #dh ounces ,mix aft] g5]al directions z giv5 above4 ,krems ,mu/>d1 ,sweet4-- ,yell[ cake #aj p\nds ,br[n cake #bj p\nds ,fre% grape juice #f p9ts ,mix & boil d[n to ! prop] consi/5cy4 ,krems ,mu/>d1 ,s\r4-- ,br[n mu/>d fl\r #cj p>ts ,yell[ mu/>d fl\r #aj p>ts ,grape juice1 fre% #h p>ts ,mix & boil d[n to a pa/e & !n /ir 9 #h p>ts ( w9e v9eg>4 ,t>ragon ,mu/>d4-- ,br[n mu/>d fl\r #dj p>ts ,yell[ mu/>d fl\r #bj p>ts ,v9eg> #f p>ts ,t>ragon v9eg> #f p>ts ,boil ! mu/>d 9 ! v9eg> & add ! t>ragon v9eg>4 ,t>ragon ,mu/>d1 ,%>p4--,?is is prep>$ by add+ to e #ajj p\nds ( ! above #ba ounces ( :ite pepp]1 #e ounces ( pim5to1 & #b #a_/b ounces ( cloves1 mix+ ?or\ghly by gr9d+ toge!r 9 a mill1 !n put 9 a w>m spot & let /& = #aj days or #b weeks4 ,f9ally /ra94 ,m\t>de aux ,epices4-- ,mu/>d fl\r1 yell[ #aj p\nds ,mu/>d fl\r1 br[n #dj p\nds ,t>ragon #a p\nd ,basil1 h]b #e ounces ,laurel leaves #ab dra*ms ,:ite pepp] #c ounces ,cloves #ab dra*ms ,mace #b dra*ms ,v9eg> #a gallon ,mix ! h]bs & mac]ate !m 9 ! v9eg> to exhau/ion1 !n add to ! mu/>ds1 & gr9d toge!r4 ,set aside = a week or t5 days1 !n /ra9 ?r\gh musl94 ,9 all ! =ego+ =mulas :]e ! am\nt ( salt is n specifi$1 x is to be add$ accord+ to ! ta/e or discretion ( ! manufactur]4 ,mu/>d ,v9eg>4-- ,cel]y1 *opp$ f9e #cb p>ts ,t>ragon1 ! fre% h]b #f p>ts ,cloves1 co>sely p[d]$ #f p>ts ,onions1 *opp$ f9e #f p>ts ,lemon peel1 fre%1 *opp$ f9e #c p>ts ,:ite-w9e v9eg> #ege p>ts ,:ite w9e #eae p>ts ,mu/>d se$1 cru%$ #ajj p>ts ,mix & mac]ate toge!r = a week or #aj days 9 a w>m place1 !n /ra9 (f4 ,ravigotte ,mu/>d4-- ,p>sley #b p>ts ,*]vil #b p>ts ,*ives #b p>ts ,cloves #a "p ,g>lic #a "p ,?yme #a "p ,t>ragon #a "p ,salt #h p>ts ,olive oil #d p>ts ,:ite-w9e v9eg> #abh p>ts ,mu/>d fl[]1 suffici5t ,cut or bruise ! plants & spices1 & mac]ate !m 9 ! v9eg> = #ae or #bj days4 ,/ra9 ! liquid ?r\gh a clo? & add ! salt4 ,rub up mu/>d ) ! olive oil 9 a vessel set 9 ice1 add+ a little ( ! spic$ v9eg> f "t to "t1 until ! :ole is incorporat$ & ! complete mixture makes #chd p>ts4 #baf ,,condim5ts1 ,,te/s ,,= ,,adult]at$3 ,see ,foods4 ,,condition ,,p[d]s ,,= ,,cattle3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,conductivity ,,( ,,alum9um ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,confection]y ,cream ,bonbons = ,ho>s5ess4--,/ir into #ejj p>ts ( cream #ejj p>ts ( :ite sug>4 ,put 9 a pan & cook1 ) cont9u\s /irr+1 until x becomes br[n & viscid4 ,n[ put 9 a bak+ t9 & smoo? out1 z neatly z possible1 to ! ?ickness (1 say1 twice t ( ! back ( a table knife & let x h>d54 ,be=e x gets completely h>d draw l9es ) a knife across ! surface 9 su* mann] t :5 x is q h>d x w break along !m1 easily1 into bits ! size ( a loz5ge4 ,nut ,c&y ,/icks4--,cook to #cbj ,f4 #h p\nds be/ sug> 9 #b p9ts wat]1 ) #d p\nds glucose add$4 ,p\r out on an oil$ slab & add #e p\nds almonds1 previ\sly blan*$1 cut 9 small pieces1 & dri$ 9 ! dry+ room4 ,mix up well toge!r to incorporate ! nuts ?or\ghly ) ! sug>4 ,:5 x has cool$ en\gh to be h&l$1 =m into a r\nd mass on ! slab & sp9 out 9 long1 ?9 /icks4 ,fig ,squ>es4--,place #e p\nds ( sug> & #e p\nds ( glucose 9 a copp] pan1 ) wat] en\gh to dissolve ! sug>4 ,set on ! fire1 & :5 x />ts to boil add #e p\nds ( gr\nd figs4 ,/ir & cook to #bdj on ! !rmomet]4 ,set (f ! fire1 & !n add #e p\nds ( f9e cocoanuts2 mix well & p\r out on greas$ m>ble1 roll smoo?1 & cut l c>amels4 ,c>amels4--,heat #aj p\nds sug> & #h p\nds glucose 9 a copp] kettle until dissolv$4 ,add cream to ! mixture1 at int]vals1 until #b #a_/b qu>ts are us$4 ,add #b #a_/d p\nds c>amel butt] & #ab ounces p>aff9e wax to ! mixture4 ,cook to a r /iff ball1 add nuts1 p\r out betwe5 iron b>s &1 :5 cool en\gh1 cut into /rips4 ,= ! :ite ones flavor ) vanilla1 & add #b p\nds melt$ *ocolate liquor = ! *ocolate c>amel :5 ne>ly cook$4 ,c&y ,orange ,drops4--,x is comp>atively easy to make a h>d c&y1 b to put ! mat]ial into 8drop0 =m app>5tly requires exp]i5ce & a ma*9e4 ,to make ! c&y itself1 put1 say1 a p9t ( wat] into a suitable pan or kettle1 heat to boil+1 & add gradually to x #b p\nds or m ( sug>1 /irr+ well s z to avoid ! risk ( burn+ ! sug>4 ,cont9ue boil+ ! syrup s =m$ until a little ( x p\r$ on a cold slab =ms a mass ( ! requir$ h>dness4 ,if ! c&y is to be ( orange flavor1 a little fre% oil ( orange is add$ j be=e ! mass is ready to set & ! ta/e is improv$ accord+ to ! g5]al view at lea/ by add+1 also1 say1 #b dra*ms ( citric acid dissolv$ 9 a v little wat]4 ,z a color+ an infusion ( saffl[] or t9cture ( turm]ic is us$4 ,to make su* a mass into tablets1 x is necess>y only to p\r out on a well-greas$ slab1 turn+ ! edges back if incl9$ to run1 until ! c&y is firm1 & !n scor+ ) a knife s t x c easily be brok5 into pieces :5 cold4 ,to make 8drops0 a suitable mold is necess>y4 ,exp]im5t z to ! suffici5cy ( ! boil+ 9 mak+ c&y may be sav$ & great] c]ta9ty ( a good result secur$ by ! use ( a *emical !rmomet]4 ,z ! syrup is boil$ & ! wat] evaporates ! temp]ature ( ! liquid rises4 ,:5 x rea*es #bbj ,f41 ! sug> is !n 9 a condition to yield ! 8?read0 =m2 at #bdj 8s(t ball0 is =m$2 at #bde1 8h>d ball02 at #beb1 8crack02 & at #bij1 8h>d crack40 ,by simply susp5d+ ! !rmomet] 9 ! liquid & obs]v+ x f "t to "t1 "o may "k exactly :5 to end ! boil+4 ,gum ,drops4--,gr9d #be p\nds ( ,arabian or ,s5egal gum1 place x 9 a copp] pan or 9 a /eam jacket kettle1 & p\r #c gallons ( boil+ wat] ov] x2 /ir x up well4 ,n[ set ! pan ) ! gum into ano!r pan conta9+ boil+ wat] & /ir ! gum sl[ly until dissolv$1 !n /ra9 x ?r\gh a ,no4 #dj sieve4 ,cook #ai p\nds ( sug> ) suffici5t wat]1 #b p\nds ( glucose1 & a teaspoonful ( cream ( t>t> to a /iff ball1 p\r x ov] ! gum1 mix well1 set ! pan on ! kettle ) ! hot wat]1 & let x /eam = #a #a_/b h\rs1 tak+ c>e t ! wat] 9 ! kettle does n run dry2 !n op5 ! door ( ! /ove & cov] ! fire ) a%es1 & let ! gum settle = ne>ly an h\r1 !n remove ! scum :i* has settl$ on top1 flavor & run out ) ! #bag funnel dropp] into ! />* impressions1 & place ! trays 9 ! dry+ room = #b days1 or until dry2 !n take ! drops out ( ! />*1 clean !m (f well & place !m 9 cry/al pans1 "o or two lay]s4 ,cook sug> & wat] to #cd #a_/b on ! syrup gauge & p\r ov] ! drops lukew>m4 ,let /& 9 a mod]ately w>m place ov] night1 !n dra9 ! syrup (f1 & ab\t an h\r aft]w>ds knock ! gum drops out on a clean table1 pick !m ap>t1 & place on trays until dry1 :5 !y are ready = sale4 ,a ,good ,summ] ,taffy4--,place 9 a kettle #d p\nds ( sug>1 #c p\nds ( glucose1 & #a #a_/b p9ts ( wat]2 :5 x boils drop 9 a piece ( butt] half ! size ( an egg & ab\t #b ounces ( p>aff9e wax4 ,cook to #bfb1 p\r on a slab1 & :5 cool en\gh1 pull1 flavor1 & color if y wi%4 ,pull until light1 !n sp9 out on ! table 9 /rips ab\t #c in*es wide & cut into #d- or #d #a_/b-;in* l5g?s4 ,!n wrap 9 wax pap] = ! c\nt]4 ,?is taffy keeps long )\t be+ gra9$ by ! heat4 ,*ew+ ,c&y4--,place #bj p\nds ( sug> 9 a copp] pan1 add #bj p\nds ( glucose1 & en\gh wat] to easily dissolve ! sug>4 ,set on ! fire or cook 9 ! /eam pan 9 #b qu>ts ( wat]4 ,h a p\nd ( egg album5 soak$ 9 #b qu>ts ( wat]4 ,beat ?is l eggs into a v /iff fro?1 add gradually ! sug> & glucose2 :5 well beat5 up1 add #e p\nds ( p[d]$ sug>1 & beat at v little heat ei!r 9 ! /eam beat] or on a pan ( boil+ wat] until light1 & does n /ick to ! back ( ! h&1 flavor ) vanilla1 & put 9 trays du/$ ) f9e sug>4 ,:5 cold x may be cut1 or else x may be /ret*$ out on a sug>-du/$ table1 cut1 & wrapp$ 9 wax pap]4 ,?is *ew+ c&y has to be kept 9 a v dry place1 or else x w run & get /icky4 ,montpeli] ,c\gh ,drops4-- ,br[n sug> #aj p\nds ,t>t>ic acid #b ounces ,cream ( t>t> #a_/b ounce ,wat] #a #a_/b qu>ts ,anise-se$ flavor+1 quantity suffici5t ,melt ! sug> 9 ! wat]1 & :5 at a %>p boil add ! cream ( t>t>4 ,cov] ! pan = #e m9utes4 ,remove ! lid & let ! sug> boil up to crack degree4 ,turn out ! bat* on an oil$ slab1 & :5 cool en\gh to h&le mold 9 ! acid & flavor+4 ,pass x ?r\gh ! acid drop roll]s1 & :5 ! drops are *ipp$ up1 & be=e sift+1 rub "s ic+ ) !m4 ,m$icat$ ,c\gh ,drops4-- ,light-br[n sug> #ad p\nds ,t>t>ic acid #a #a_/b ounces ,cream ( t>t> #a_/b ounce ,wat] #b qu>ts ,anise-se$1 cay5ne1 clove1 & pepp]m9t flavor+1 a few drops ( ea*4 ,proce$ z be=e prescrib$1 b :5 suffici5tly cool pass ! bat* ?r\gh ! acid tablet roll]s & du/ ) sug>4 ,horeh\nd ,c&y4-- ,dut* cru%$ sug> #aj p\nds ,dri$ horeh\nd leaves #b ounces ,cream ( t>t> #c_/d ounce ,wat] #b qu>ts ,anise-se$ flavor+1 quantity suffici5t4 ,p\r ! wat] on ! leaves & let x g5tly simm] till r$uc$ to #c p9ts2 !n /ra9 ! infusion ?r\gh musl91 & add ! liquid to ! sug>4 ,put ! pan conta9+ ! syrup on ! fire1 & :5 at a %>p boil add ! cream ( t>t>4 ,put ! lid on ! pan = #e m9utes2 !n remove x1 & let ! sug> boil to /iff boil degree4 ,take ! pan (f ! fire & rub portions ( ! sug> aga9/ ! side until x produces a creamy appe>ance2 !n add ! flavor+4 ,/ir all well1 & p\r into squ>e t9 frames1 previ\sly well oil$4 ,m5?ol ,c\gh ,drops4-- ,gelat9 #a ounce ,glyc]9e 7by weight7 #b #a_/b ounces ,orange-fl[] wat] #b #a_/b ounces ,m5?ol #e gra9s ,rectifi$ spirits #a dra*m ,soak ! gelat9 9 ! wat] = #b h\rs1 !n heat on a wat] ba? until dissolv$1 & add #a #a_/b ounces ( glyc]9e4 ,dissolve ! m5?ol 9 ! _s1 mix ) ! rema9d] ( ! glyc]9e1 add to ! glyco-gelat9 mass1 & p\r into an oil$ t9 tray 7su* z ! lid ( a biscuit box74 ,:5 ! mass is cold divide into #aj doz5 pa/illes4 ,m5?ol pa/illes are said to be an excell5t rem$y = tickl+ c\gh z well z l>yngitis4 ,!y %\ld be fre%ly prep>$1 & cut oblong1 s t ! pati5t may take half ( "o1 or less1 z may be necess>y4 ,violet ,flavor = ,c&y4--,violet flavors1 l violet p]fumes1 are v complex mixtures1 & _! imitation is a #bah correspond+ly difficult und]tak+4 ,! basis is vanilla 7or vanill971 rose1 & orris1 ) a v little ( "s pung5t oil to br+ up ! flavor4 ,! foll[+ w give a basis ^u :i* a satisfactory flavor may be built3 ,oil ( orris #a dra*m ,oil ( rose #a dra*m ,vanill9 #b dra*ms ,cum>9 #cj gra9s ,oil ( clove #cj m9ims ,alcohol #aa ounces ,wat] #e ounces ,make a solution1 add+ ! wat] la/4 ,,confection]y ,,colors4--,! foll[+ are excell5t & entirely h>mless color+ ag5ts = ! purposes nam$3 ,r$4--,co*9eal syrup prep>$ z foll[s3 ,co*9eal1 9 co>se p[d] #f p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #b p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ae p>ts ,alcohol #ab p>ts ,simple syrup en\gh to make #ejj p>ts ,rub up ! potassium c>bonate & ! co*9eal toge!r1 add+ ! wat] & alcohol1 little by little1 "u con/ant trituration4 ,set aside ov] night1 !n add ! syrup & filt]4 ,p9k4-- ,c>m9e #a "p ,liquor potass #f p>ts ,rose wat]1 en\gh to make #dh p>ts ,mix4 ,%\ld ! color be too high1 dilute ) wat] until ! requisite t9t is acquir$4 ,orange4--,t9cture ( r$ s&alwood1 #a "p2 e!real t9cture ( orlean1 quantity suffici5t4 ,add ! t9cture ( orlean to ! s&alwood t9cture until ! desir$ %ade ( orange is obta9$4 ,a r$ add$ to any ( ! yell[s gives an orange color4 ,! anil9e colors made by ! 8,akti5gesells*aft fr ,anil9-,fabrikation10 ( ,b]l91 are absolutely non-toxic1 & c be us$ = ! purposes recomm5d$1 i4 e41 ! coloration ( syrups1 cakes1 c&ies1 etc41 ) p]fect confid5ce 9 _! innocuity4 ,pa/ille ,yell[4-- ,citron yell[ ,,ii #g p>ts ,grape sug>1 fir/ quality #a "p ,:ite dextr9e #b p>ts ,sap-,blue ,pa/e4-- ,d>k blue #c p>ts ,grape sug> #a "p ,wat] #f p>ts ,sug>-,black ,pa/e4-- ,c>bon black #c p>ts ,grape sug> #a "p ,wat] #f p>ts ,c9nab> ,r$499-- ,sc>let #fe p>ts ,:ite dextr9e #cj p>ts ,potato fl\r #e p>ts ,blui% ,rose499-- ,gr5ad9e #fe p>ts ,:ite dextr9e #cj p>ts ,potato fl\r #e p>ts ,yell[i% ,rose4-- ,rosa ,,ii #fj p>ts ,citron yell[ #e p>ts ,:ite dextr9e #cj p>ts ,potato fl\r #e p>ts ,violet4-- ,r$ violet #fe p>ts ,:ite dextr9e #cj p>ts ,potato fl\r #e p>ts ,c>m9e ,gre54-- ,woodruff 7,waldmei/]7 gre5 #ee p>ts ,rosa ,,ii #e p>ts ,dextr9e #ce p>ts ,potato fl\r #e p>ts ,to ! colors m>k$ ) an a/]isk 7997 add1 = e #d p\nds1 #d #a_/b ounces1 a gra9 & a half ea* ( potassium iodide & sodium nitrate4 ,colors giv5 9 =m ( p[d]s %\ld be dissolv$ 9 hot wat] = use4 ,yell[4--,v>i\s %ades ( yell[ may be obta9$ by ! mac]ation ( ,besiello saffron1 or turm]ic1 or gra9s d',avignon 9 alcohol until a /rong t9cture is obta9$4 ,dilute ) wat] until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$4 ,an aque\s solution ( qu]citr9e also gives an excell5t yell[4 ,blue4-- ,indigo c>m9e #a "p ,wat] #b p>ts ,mix4 ,indigo c>m9e is a beautiful1 p[]ful1 & h>mless ag5t4 ,x may usually be b\ght comm]cially1 b if x _c be readily obta9$1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,into a capsule put #cj gra9s ( indigo 9 p[d]1 place on a wat] ba?1 & heat to dryness4 ,:5 entirely dry put #bai into a l>ge porcela9 mort> 7! sub/ance swells enorm\sly "u subsequ5t treatm5t--h5ce ! necessity = a l>ge1 or comp>atively l>ge1 mort>7 & cauti\sly add1 drop by drop1 #abj gra9s1 by weight1 ( sulphuric acid1 ,c4 ,p41 /irr+ cont9u\sly dur+ ! addition4 ,cov] ! swoll5 mass closely1 & set aside = #bd h\rs4 ,n[ add #c fluid\nces ( di/ill$ wat]1 a few drops at a "t1 rubb+ or /irr+ cont9u\sly4 ,transf] ! liquid ?us obta9$ to a tall1 n>r[1 glass cyl9d] or beak]1 cov] & let /& = #d days1 giv+ ! liquid an occasional /irr+4 ,make a /rong solution ( sodium c>bonate or bic>bonate1 & at ! end ( ! "t nam$ cauti\sly neutralize ! liquid1 add+ ! c>bonate a little at a "t1 /irr+ ! indigo solution & te/+ x aft] ea* addition1 z ! lea/ excess ( alkali w cause ! indigo to sep>ate out1 & fall 9 a d\ghy mass4 ,/op :5 ! te/ %[s ! ne> approa* ( neutrality1 z ! slight rema9+ acidity w n affect ! ta/e or ! prop]ties ( ! liquid4 ,filt]1 & evaporate 9 ! wat] ba? to dryness4 ,! resultant matt] is sulph9digotate ( potassium1 or ! 8indigo c>m9e0 ( comm]ce4 ,t9cture ( indigo may also be us$ z a h>mless blue4 ,gre54--,! addition ( ! solution indigo c>m9e to an infusion ( any ( ! matt]s giv5 "u 8yell[0 w produce a gre5 color4 ,t9cture ( crocus & glyc]9e 9 equal p>ts1 ) ! addition ( indigo-c>m9e solution1 also gives a f9e gre54 ,a solution ( comm]cial *lorophyll gives grass-gre51 9 %ades v>y+ accord+ to ! conc5tration ( ! solution4 ,voice & ,?roat ,loz5ges4-- ,cate*u #aia gra9s ,tannic acid #bgc gra9s ,t>t>ic acid #bgc gra9s ,capsic9 #cj m9ims ,black-currant pa/e #g ounces ,ref9$ sug>1 ,mucilage ( acacia1 ( ea* a suffici5t quantity4 ,mix to produce #g p\nds ( loz5ges4 ,,con/ipation ,,9 ,,birds3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,cook+ ,,table3 ,see ,tables4 ,,cool+ ,,scre53 ,see ,refrig]ation4 ,copp] ,anneal+ ,copp]4-- ,copp] is almo/ univ]sally anneal$ 9 muffles1 9 :i* x is rais$ to ! desir$ temp]ature1 & subsequ5tly all[$ to cool ei!r 9 ! air or 9 wat]4 ,a muffle is no?+ m or less ?an a rev]b]atory furnace4 ,x is necess>y to wat* ! copp] c>efully1 s t :5 x has rea*$ ! "r temp]ature x may be drawn f ! muffle & all[$ to cool4 ,?is is important1 = if ! copp] is heat$ too high1 or is left 9 ! muffle at ! ord9>y temp]ature ( anneal+ too long1 x is burnt1 z ! workm5 say4 ,copp] t has be5 burnt is yell[1 co>sely granul>1 & exce$+ly brittle--ev5 m brittle at a r$ heat ?an :5 cold4 ,9 ! case ( co>se wire x is f\nd t only ! surface is burnt1 :ile ! int]ior is damag$ less4 ,?is causes ! ext]ior to split loose f ! int]ior :5 b5t or roll$1 ?us giv+ ! appe>ance ( a brittle copp] tube ) a copp] wire snugly fitt$ into x4 ,cracks a half in* 9 dep? h be5 obs]v$ on ! surface ( an +ot on its fir/ pass ?r\gh ! rolls1 all due to ?is ext]ior burn+4 ,x is app>5t t copp] t has be5 ?us ov]heat$ 9 ! muffle is entirely unfit = roll+4 ,x is f\nd t ! pur] =ms ( copp] are less liable to be h>m$ by ov]heat+ ?an samples conta9+ ev5 a small am\nt ( impurities4 ,ev5 ! ord9>y heat+ 9 a muffle w (t5 suffice to burn 9 ?is mann] ! surface ( "s specim5s ( copp]1 r5d]+ !m unfit = fur!r work+4 ,copp] t has be5 ?us ru9$ is ( use only to be ref9$ aga94 ,z may be inf]r$ only ! highe/ grades ( ref9$ copp] are us$ = draw+ or = roll+4 ,?is is n because ! l[] grades1 :5 ref9$1 _c /& suffici5tly high te/s1 b because me?ods ( work+ are n adequate to prev5t ^! grades ( copp] f exp]i5c+ ! det]ioration due to ov]heat+4 ,! process ( ref9+ copp] consi/s 9 an oxidiz+ action foll[$ by a r$uc+ action :i*1 s9ce x is p]=m$ by ! aid ( gases g5]at$ by /irr+ ! melt$ copp] ) a pole1 is call$ pol+4 ,! object ( ! oxidation is to oxidize & ei!r volatilize or turn to slag all ! impurities conta9$ 9 ! copp]4 ,?is proc$ure is mat]ially aid$ by ! fact t ! #bbj suboxide ( copp] is freely soluble 9 metallic copp] & ?us p5etrates to all p>ts ( ! copp]1 & p>t+ ) its oxyg51 oxidizes ! impurities4 ,! object ( ! r$uc+ "p ( ! ref9+ process is to *ange ! excess ( ! suboxide ( copp] to metallic copp]4 ,copp] conta9+ ev5 less ?an #a p] c5t ( ! suboxide ( copp] %[s decreas$ malleability & ductility1 & is bo? cold-%ort & r$-%ort4 ,if ! copp] to be ref9$ conta9s any impurities1 su* z ars5ic or antimony1 x is well n to remove too mu* ( ! oxyg5 9 ! ref9+ process4 ,if ?is is done1 ov]pol$ copp] is produc$4 ,9 ?is condition x is brittle1 granul>1 ( a %9+ yell[ color1 & m r$-%ort ?an cold-%ort4 ,:5 ! ref9+ has be5 prop]ly done1 & nei!r too mu* nor too little oxyg5 is pres5t1 ! copp] is 9 ! condition ( 8t\gh pit*10 & is 9 a fit /ate to be work$4 ,copp] is said to be 8t\gh pit*0 :5 x requires frequ5t b5d+ to break x1 & :51 aft] x is brok51 ! color is pale r$1 ! fracture has a silky lu/]1 & is fibr\s l a tuft ( silk4 ,on hamm]+ a piece to a ?9 plate x %\ld %[ no cracks at ! edge4 ,at t\gh pit* copp] (f]s ! highe/ degree ( malleability & ductility ( :i* a giv5 specim5 is capable4 ,?is is ! condition 9 :i* ref9$ copp] is 7or %\ld be7 plac$ on ! m>ket1 & if x c\ld be work$ )\t *ang+ ?is t\gh pit*1 any specim5 ( copp] t c\ld be br\ght to ?is condition w\ld be suitable = roll+ or draw+4 ,b t\gh pit* is *ang$ if oxyg5 is ei!r add$ or tak5 f ref9$ copp]4 ,by f> ! m important ( ^! is ! removal ( oxyg51 especially f ^? specim5s t conta9 m ?an a m]e trace ( impurities4 ,?is is %[n by ! absolutely wor?less condition ( ov]pol$ copp]4 ,! addition ( c>bon also plays a v important "p 9 ! production ( ov]pol$ copp]4 ,t ! addition ( oxyg5 to ref9$ copp] is n s damag+ is %[n by ! fact t at pres5t ne>ly all ! copp] t is work$ is consid]ably oxidiz$ at "s /age ( ! process1 & n especially to its detrim5t4 ,burnt copp] is no?+ m or less ?an copp] 9 ! ov]pol$ condition4 ,?is is br\ght ab\t by ! action ( r$uc+ gases 9 ! muffle4 ,by ?is means ! small am\nt ( oxyg5 necess>y to give ! copp] its t\gh pit* is remov$4 ,?is oxyg5 is comb9$ ) impurities 9 ! copp]1 & ?us r5d]s !m in]t4 ,= example1 ! oxide ( ars5ic or antimony is incapable ( comb9+ m ?an me*anically ) ! copp]1 b :5 its oxyg5 is remov$ ! ars5ic or antimony is left free to comb9e ) ! copp]4 ,?is =ms a brittle alloy1 & "o t corresponds almo/ exactly 9 its prop]ties ) ov]pol$ copp]4 ,to be sure ov]pol$ copp] is suppos$ to conta9 c>bon1 b t ?is is n ! ess5tial rul+ pr9ciple 9 case ( anneal+ is %[n by ! fact t pure copp] does n und]go ?is *ange "u conditions t ru9 impure copp]1 & also by ! fact t ! same /ate may be produc$ by anneal+ 9 pure hydrog5 & ?us remov+ ! oxyg5 t r5d]s ! ars5ic or antimony in]t4 ,no attempt is made to d5y ! well-kn[n fact t c>bon does comb9e ) copp] to ! ext5t ( #j4b p] c5t & cause x to become exce$+ly brittle4 ,x is simply claim$ t ?is is probably n :at occurs 9 ! production ( s-call$ burnt copp] dur+ anneal+4 ,! am\nt ( impurities capable ( r5d]+ copp] easily burnt is exce$+ly small4 ,?is may be bett] appreciat$ :5 x is consid]$ t f #j4ja to #j4b p] c5t expresses ! am\nt ( oxyg5 necess>y to r5d] ! impurities in]t4 ,! removal ( ?is v small am\nt ( oxyg51 :i* is (t5 s small z to be almo/ )9 ! limits ( ! errors ( analysis1 w suffice to r5d] copp] ov]pol$ & ru9 x = any use4 ,!re are me?ods ( avoid+ ! num]\s accid5ts t may occur 9 ! anneal+ ( copp]1 due to a *ange ( pit*4 ,z already po9t$ out1 ! quality ( ref9$ copp] is l[]$ if oxyg5 be ei!r add$ to or tak5 f x4 ,x is q app>5t1 !re=e1 t a really good me?od ( anneal+ copp] w prev5t any *ange 9 ! /ate ( oxidation4 ,x is necess>y to prev5t access to ! heat$ copp] bo? ( atmosph]ic air1 :i* w\ld oxidize x1 & ( ! r$uc+ gases us$ 9 heat+ ! muffle1 :i* w\ld take oxyg5 away f x4 ,obvi\sly ! only way ( accompli%+ ?is is to inclose ! copp] :5 heat$ & till cool 9 an atmosph]e t c nei!r oxidize nor deoxidize copp]4 ,by s do+ copp] may be heat$ to ! melt+ po9t & all[$ to cool aga9 )\t suff]+ z reg>ds its pit*4 ,!re are comp>atively few gases t c be us$ = ?is purpose1 b1 =tunately1 "o :i* is exce$+ly *eap & univ]sally #bba preval5t fulfills all requirem5ts1 viz41 /eam4 ,9 ord] to apply ! pr9ciples enunciat$ x is necess>y only to anneal copp] 9 ! ord9>y anneal+ pots su* z are us$ = iron1 c>e be+ tak5 to inclose ! copp] :ile heat+ & :ile cool+ 9 an atmosph]e ( /eam4 ,?is w effectually exclude air & prev5t ! +ress ( gases us$ 9 heat+ ! anneal]4 ,tw5ty-f\r h\rs may be us$ 9 ! process1 z 9 ! anneal+ ( iron wire1 ) no detrim5t to ! wire4 ,?is may seem incr$ible to ^? manufactur]s :o h tri$ to anneal copp] wire aft] ! mann] ( anneal+ iron wire4 ,by ?is me?od p]fectly bright anneal$ wire may be produc$4 ,su* a process ( anneal+ copp] (f]s _m advantages4 ,x all[s ! use ( a grade ( copp] t has hi!rto be5 work$ only at a great disadvantage1 ow+ to its t5d5cy to get out ( pit*4 ,x all[s ! use ( anneal]s su* z are ord9>ily employ$ = anneal+ iron1 & ?us *eap5s ! anneal+ consid]ably z comp>$ ) ! pres5t use ( muffles4 ,!re is no *ance ( produc+ ! ov]pol$ condition f ! action ( r$uc+ gases us$ 9 heat+ ! muffles4 ,!re is no *ance ( produc+ ! und]pol$ condition due to ! absorption ( suboxide ( copp]4 ,none ( ! metal is lo/ z scale1 & ! sav+ t is ?us effect$ am\nts to a consid]able p]c5tage ( ! total value ( ! copp]4 ,! exp5se & "t ( clean+ are :olly sav$4 ,incid5tally bright anneal$ copp] is produc$ by a process :i* is applicable to copp] ( any %ape1 size1 or condition--a product t has hi!rto be5 obta9$ only by processes 7mo/ly secret7 :i* are too cumb]some & too exp5sive = ext5sive use2 &1 z is ! case ) at lea/ "o process1 ) ! dang] ( produc+ ! ov]pol$ condition1 (t5 9 only a small section ( ! wire1 b ?us ru9+ ! :ole piece4 ,,copp] ,,color+3 ,black+ ,copp]4--,to give a copp] article a black cov]+1 clean x ) em]y pap]1 heat g5tly 9 a ,buns5 or a _s flame1 imm]se = #aj seconds 9 solution ( copp] fil+s 9 dilute nitric acid1 & heat aga94 ,r$ ,color+ ( ,copp]4--,a f9e r$ color may be giv5 to copp] by gradually heat+ x 9 an air ba?4 ,prolong$ heat+ at a comp>atively l[ temp]ature1 or rapid heat+ at a high temp]ature1 produces ! same result4 ,z soon z ! desir$ color is atta9$ ! metal %\ld be rapidly cool$ by qu5*+ 9 wat]4 ,! metal ?us color$ may be v>ni%$4 ,to ,dye ,copp] ,p>ts ,violet & ,orange4--,poli%$ copp] acquires an orange-l color lean+ to gold1 :5 dipp$ = a few seconds into a solution ( cry/alliz$ copp] acetate4 ,a h&some violet is obta9$ by plac+ ! metal = a few m9utes 9 a solution ( antimony *loride & rubb+ x aft]w>ds ) a piece ( wood cov]$ ) cotton4 ,dur+ ?is op]ation ! copp] mu/ be heat$ to a degree be>able to ! h&4 ,a cry/all9e appe>ance is produc$ by boil+ ! article 9 copp] sulphate4 ,pickle = ,copp]4--,take nitric acid1 #ajj p>ts2 kit*5 salt1 #b p>ts2 calc9$ soot1 #b p>ts2 or nitric acid1 #aj p>ts2 sulphuric acid1 #aj p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #a "p4 ,z ^! blea*+ ba?s attack ! copp] quickly1 ! objects mu/ be left 9 only = a few seconds1 wa%+ !m aft]w>ds 9 pl5ty ( wat]1 & dry+ 9 sawdu/1 bran1 or sp5t tan4 ,prep>ations ( ,copp] ,wat]4--,i4--,wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts2 oxalic acid1 #cj p>ts2 _s ( w9e1 #ajj p>ts2 ess5ce ( turp5t9e1 #ej p>ts2 f9e tripoli1 #ajj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts2 oxalic acid1 #cj p>ts2 alcohol1 #ej p>ts2 ess5ce ( turp5t9e1 #dj p>ts2 f9e tripoli1 #ej p>ts4 ,,iii4--,sulphuric acid1 #cjj p>ts2 sulphate ( alum9a1 #hj p>ts2 wat]1 #ebj p>ts4 ,temp]$ ,copp]4--,objects made ( copp] may be satisfactorily temp]$ by subject+ !m to a c]ta9 degree ( heat = a det]m9$ p]iod ( "t & be/rew+ !m ) p[d]$ sulphur dur+ ! heat+4 ,:ile hot ! objects are plung$ into a ba? ( blue vitriol2 aft] ! ba? !y may be heat$ aga94 ,,copp] ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,copp] ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,copp] ,,et*+3 ,see ,et*+4 ,,copp] ,,9 ,,food3 ,see ,food4 ,,copp] ,,lacqu]s3 ,see ,lacqu]s4 #bbb ,,copp] ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]1 ,metallic4 ,,copp] ,,pat9iz+ ,,& ,,plat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,copp] ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,copp]1 ,,sep>ation ,,( ,,gold ,,f3 ,see ,gold4 ,,copp] ,,sold]3 ,see ,sold]s4 ,,copp] ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,copy+ ,,pr9t$ ,,pictures4 ,! s-call$ 8metallic0 pap] us$ = /eam-eng9e indicator c>ds has a smoo? surface1 *emically prep>$ s t black l9es c be drawn ^u x ) p5cils made ( brass1 copp]1 silv]1 alum9um1 or any ( ! s(t] metals4 ,:5 us$ on ! indicator x receives ! fa9t l9e drawn by a brass po9t at "o end ( ! p5cil arm1 & its special advantage ov] ord9>y pap] is t ! metallic p5cil slides ov] its surface ) v little friction1 & keeps its po9t mu* long] ?an a graphite p5cil4 ,?is pap] c be us$ z a transf] pap] = copy+ engrav+s or sket*es1 or any?+ pr9t$ or writt5 9 ink or drawn 9 p5cil4 ,! be/ copies c be obta9$ by foll[+ ! directions bel[3 ,lay ! metallic transf] pap]1 face up1 ^u at lea/ a doz5 %eets ( blank pap]1 & lay ! pr9t face d[n ^u x4 ,on ! back ( ! pr9t place a %eet ( heavy pap]1 or ?9 c>dbo>d1 & run ! rubb+ tool ov] ?is protect+ %eet4 ,9 ?is mann] x is comp>atively easy to prev5t slipp+1 & pr9ts #h or #aj in*es on a side may be copi$ satisfactorily4 ,l9e draw+s pr9t$ f relief plates1 or pictures ) %>p contra/ ( black & :ite1 )\t any half-tones1 give ! be/ copies4 ,v few half-tones c be transf]r$ satisfactorily2 almo/ all give /reak$1 indi/9ct copies1 & _m ( ! results are wor?less4 ,! transf] tak5 (f z describ$ is a rev]se ( ! orig9al pr9t4 ,if ! "q ( "r & left is n important ?is rev]sal w seldom be objectionable1 = x is easy to read backw>d :at few lett]s g5]ally occur4 ,h[ev]1 if desir$1 ! pap] may be held up to ! light & exam9$ f ! back1 or plac$ be=e a mirror & view$ by means ( its reflect$ image1 :5 ! true relations ( "r & left w be se54 ,moreov]1 if suffici5tly important1 an exact c\nt]p>t ( ! orig9al may be tak5 f ! rev]s$ copy by lay+ ano!r %eet face d[nw>d ^u x1 & rubb+ on ! back ( ! fre% %eet j z 0 done 9 mak+ ! rev]s$ copy4 ,! impression ?us produc$ w be fa9t] ?an ! fir/1 b almo/ always x c be made d>k en\gh to %[ a di/9ct outl9e :i* may aft]w>ds be ret\*$ ) a lead p5cil4 ,= indicator c>ds ! pap] is prep>$ by coat+ "o surface ) a suitable comp\nd1 usually z9c oxide mix$ ) a little />* & en\gh glue to make x adh]e4 ,aft] dry+ x is pass$ betwe5 cal5d> rolls "u great pressure4 ,! v>i\s br&s manufactur$ = ! trade1 ?\gh p]haps equally good = indicator diagrams1 are n equally well suit$ = copy+4 ,if pap] ( firm] texture c\ld be prep>$ ) ! same surface f9i%1 probably mu* l>g] copies c\ld be produc$4 ,o!r k9ds ( pap]1 notably ! heavy plate pap]s us$ = "s ( ! be/ trade catalogues1 possess ?is transf] prop]ty to a slight degree1 ?\gh !y w n receive m>ks f a metallic p5cil4 ,! latt] feature w\ld seem to recomm5d !m = transf] purposes1 mak+ !m less likely to become soil$ by contact ) metallic objects1 b s f> no k9d has be5 f\nd :i* w remove en\gh ink to give copies any:]e ne> z d>k z ! indicator pap]4 ,fairly good transf]s c be made f almo/ any common pr9t]s' ink1 b "s inks copy mu* bett] ?an o!rs1 & "s yield only ! fa9te/ impressions4 ,! l5g? ( "t s9ce a picture 0 pr9t$ does n seem to det]m9e its copy+ quality4 ,"s v old pr9ts c be copi$ bett] ?an new ones2 9 fact1 x 0 by accid5tal transf] to an indicator c>d f a book ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s old t ! peculi> prop]ty ( ?is 8metallic0 pap] 0 discov]$4 ,copy+ ,process on ,wood4--,if wood surfaces are expos$ to direct sunlight ! wood w exhibit1 aft] #b weeks action1 a br[n+ ( d>k tone 9 ! expos$ places4 ,c]ta9 p>ts ( ! surface be+ cov]$ up dur+ ! entire exposure to ! sun1 !y reta9 _! orig9al %ade & are set (f cle>ly & %>ply aga9/ ! p>ts br[n$ by ! sunlight4 ,bas$ on ?is prop]ty ( ! #bbc wood is a sun-copy+ process on wood4 ,! me?od is us$ = produc+ t>sia 9 imitation on wood4 ,a pi]c$ /5cil ( t91 wood1 or pap] is laid on a fre%ly plan$ plate ( wood1 pa/+ x on 9 places to avoid %ift+1 & put into a common copy+ frame4 ,to prev5t ! wood f w>p+ a /ret*] is employ$1 :]eupon expose to ! sun = f #h to #ad days4 ,aft] ! br[n %ade has appe>$ ! design obta9$ is p>tly fix$ by poli%+ or by a coat+ ( v>ni%1 lacqu]1 or wax4 ,be/ suit$ = su* works are ! p9e woods1 especially ! #e-ye> fir & ! cembra p9e1 :i*1 aft] ! exposure1 %[ a yell[i% br[n tone ( h&some gold5 gloss1 t /&s out boldly1 especially aft] subsequ5t poli%+1 & _c be replac$ by any /a9 or by pyrography4 ,! design is %>p] & cle>] ?an t produc$ by pa9t+4 ,9 %ort1 ! total effect is pleas+4 ,h[ to ,reproduce ,old ,pr9ts4--,prep>e a ba? z foll[s3 ,sulphuric acid1 #c to #e p>ts 7accord+ to ! antiquity ( pr9t1 ?ickness ( pap]1 etc472 alcohol1 #c to #e p>ts2 wat]1 #ajj p>ts4 ,9 ?is soak ! pr9t f #e to #ae m9utes 7! "t dep5d+ on age1 etc41 z above71 remove1 spread face d[nw>d on a glass or ebonite plate1 & wa% ?or\ghly 9 a g5tle /ream ( runn+ wat]4 ,if ! pap] is heavy1 rev]se ! sides1 & let ! wat] fl[ ov] ! face ( ! pr9t4 ,remove c>efully & place on a heavy %eet ( blott+ pap]1 cov] ) ano!r1 & press out e drop ( wat] possible4 ,:]e a wr++ ma*9e is conv5i5t & suffici5tly wide1 pass+ ! blott]s & pr9t ?r\gh ! roll]s is bett] ?an m]e press+ ) ! h&s4 ,! pr9t1 /ill moi/1 is !n laid face upw>d on a heavy glass plate 7a m>ble slab or a li?ograph]s' /one answ]s equally well71 & smoo!d out4 ,) a v s(t sponge g ov] ! surface ) a ?9 coat+ ( gum-arabic wat]4 ,! pr9t is n[ ready = ink+1 :i* is done exactly z 9 li?ograph+1 ) a roll] & pr9t]s' or li?ograph]s' ink1 cut ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,suitable pap] is !n laid on & roll$ ) a dry roll]4 ,?is gives a rev]se image ( ! pr9t1 :i* is !n appli$ to a z9c plate or a li?ograph]s' /one1 & z _m pr9ts z desir$ pull$ (f 9 ! usual li?ograph+ me?od4 ,:5 c>efully done & ! "r k9d ( pap] us$1 x is said t ! imitation ( ! orig9al is p]fect 9 e detail4 ,to ,copy ,old ,lett]s1 ,manuscripts1 etc4--,if writt5 9 ! comm]cial ink ( ! p]iod f #ahfj to #ahfd1 :i* 0 almo/ univ]sally an iron & tann9 or gallic-acid ink1 ! foll[+ process may succe$3 ,make a ?9 solution ( glucose1 or honey1 9 wat]1 & ) ?is wet ! pap] 9 ! usually obs]v$ way 9 copy+ rec5t docum5ts 9 ! lett] book1 put 9 ! press1 & screw d[n tightly4 ,let x rema9 9 ! press some:at long] ?an 9 copy+ rec5t docum5ts4 ,:5 remov$1 be=e attempt+ to sep>ate ! pap]s1 expose to ! fumes ( /rong wat] ( ammonia1 copy side d[nw>d4 ,,cordage3 ,see also ,ropes4 ,/rong ,tw9e4--,an extraord9>ily /rong pack ?read or cord1 /rong] ev5 ?an ! s-call$ 8,zuck]s*nur10 may be obta9$ by lay+ ! ?read ( fib]s 9 a /rong solution ( alum1 & !n c>efully dry+ !m4 ,pres]vation ( ,fi%+ ,nets4--,! foll[+ recipe = ! pres]vation ( fi%+ nets is also applicable to ropes1 etc41 9 contact ) wat]4 ,"s h be5 subject$ to long te/4 ,= #dj p>ts ( cord1 hemp1 or cotton1 #c p>ts ( kut*1 #a "p ( blue vitriol1 #a_/b "p ( potassium *romate1 & #b #a_/b p>ts ( wood t> are requir$4 ,! kut* is boil$ ) #aej p>ts ( wat] until dissolv$1 & !n ! blue vitriol is add$4 ,next1 ! net is ent]$ & ! t> add$4 ,! :ole %\ld be /irr$ well1 & ! cordage mu/ boil #e to #h m9utes4 ,n[ take out ! nett+1 lay x 9 ano!r vessel1 cov] up well1 & leave alone = #ab h\rs4 ,aft] t x is dri$ well1 spread out 9 a clean place1 & coat$ ) l9se$ oil4 ,n be=e #f h\rs h elaps$ %\ld x be fold$ toge!r & put into ! wat]4 ,! treatm5t ) l9se$ oil may be omitt$4 ,,cordage ,,lubricant3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,cordage ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,cordials3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,corks3 ,imp]vi\s ,corks4--,corks :i* h be5 /eep$ 9 petrolatum are said to be an excell5t sub/itute = glass /opp]s4 ,acid 9 no way affects !m & *emical fumes d n cause decay 9 !m1 nei!r d !y become fix$ by a bl[ or long disuse4 #bbd ,non-,por\s ,corks4--,= b5z9e1 turp5t9e1 & v>ni% cans1 imm]se ! corks 9 hot melt$ p>aff9e4 ,keep !m "u ab\t #e m9utes2 hold !m d[n ) a piece ( wire scre5 cut to fit ! di% 9 :i* y melt ! p>aff9e4 ,:5 tak5 out lay !m on a scre5 till cool4 ,*eap corks c 9 ?is way be made gas- & air-tight1 & c be cut & bor$ ) ease4 ,sub/itute = ,cork4--,wood pulp or o!r ligne\s mat]ial may be treat$ to imitate cork4 ,= ! success ( ! composition x is necess>y t ! con/itu5ts be m+l$ & treat$ "u special conditions4 ,! volumetric proportions 9 :i* ^! con/itu5ts comb9e ) ! be/ results are ! foll[+3 ,wood pulp1 #c p>ts2 corn/alk pi?1 #a "p2 gelat91 #a "p2 glyc]9e1 #a "p2 wat]1 #d p>ts2 #bj p] c5t =mic-aldehyde solution1 #a "p2 b ! proportions may be v>i$4 ,aft] dis9tegrat+ ! ligne\s sub/ances1 & :ile ^! are 9 a moi/ & hot condition !y are m+l$ ) ! solution ( gelat91 glyc]9e1 & wat]4 ,! mass is /irr$ ?or\ghly s z to obta9 a homog5e\s mixture4 ,! excess ( moi/ure is remov$4 ,z a la/ op]ation ! =mic aldehyde is introduc$1 & ! mass is left to coagulate 9 ?is solution4 ,! =mic aldehyde r5d]s ! product insoluble 9 ne>ly all liquids4 ,s x is 9 ?is la/ op]ation t x is necess>y to be c>eful 9 produc+ ! composition prop]ly4 ,:5 ! op]ation is t]m9at$ ! sub/ance is submitt$ to pressure dur+ its coagulation1 ei!r by mold+ x at once into a desir$ =m1 or into a mass :i* is aft]w>ds conv]t$ into ! f9i%$ product4 ,,corks1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods4 ,,cork ,,to ,,metal1 ,,fa/5+3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,pa/es4 ,,cork ,,z ,a ,,pres]vative3 ,see ,pres]v+4 ,,corks1 ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,corn ,,cures3 ,i4--,salicylic-,acid ,corn ,cure4--,extract cannabis indica1 #a "p1 by measure2 salicylic acid1 #aj p>ts1 by measure2 oil ( turp5t9e1 #e p>ts1 by measure2 acetic acid1 glacial1 #b p>ts1 by measure2 coca9e1 alkaloidal1 #b p>ts1 by measure2 collodion1 ela/ic1 suffici5t to make #ajj p>ts4 ,apply a ?9 coat+ e night1 putt+ ea* lay] directly on ! prec$+ "o4 ,aft] a few applications1 ! mass drops (f1 br++ ! indurat$ portion1 & frequ5tly ! :ole ( ! corn1 (f ) x4 ,,ii4--,comp\nd ,salicylat$ ,collodion ,corn ,cure4--,salicylic acid1 #aa p>ts1 by weight2 extract ( ,indian hemp1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 alcohol1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 flexible collodion1 ,u4 ,s4 ,p41 a suffici5t quantity to make #ajj p>ts1 by weight4 ,! extract is dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol & ! acid 9 ab\t #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( collodion1 ! solutions mix$1 & ! liquid made up to ! requir$ am\nt4 ,! ,indian hemp is presumably int5d$ to prev5t pa92 :e!r x s]ves ?is or any o!r useful purpose seems a matt] ( d\bt4 ,! acid is frequ5tly us$ )\t ?is addition4 ,,iii4--,extract ( cannabis indica1 #ij gra9s2 salicylic acid1 #a ounce2 alcohol1 #a ounce2 collodion en\gh to make #aj ounces4 ,s(t5 ! extract ) ! alcohol1 !n add ! collodion1 & la/ly ! acid4 ,,iv4--,resorc91 #a "p1 by weight2 salicylic acid1 #a "p1 by weight2 lactic acid1 #a "p1 by weight2 collodion ela/icum1 #aj p>ts1 by weight4 ,pa9t ! corn daily = #e or #f days ) ! above solution & take a foot ba? 9 v hot wat]4 ,! corn w readily come (f4 ,corn ,pla/]4--,yell[ wax1 #bd p>ts1 by weight2 ,v5ice turp5t9e1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 ros91 #b p>ts1 by weight2 salicylic acid1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 balsam ( ,p]u1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 lanol91 #d p>ts1 by weight4 ,corn ,cure4--,melt soap pla/]1 #he p>ts1 by weight1 & yell[ wax1 #e p>ts by weight1 9 a vapor ba?1 & /ir f9ely gr\nd salicylic acid1 #aj p>ts1 by weight1 into x4 ,removal ( ,corns4--,! liquid us$ by *iropodi/s ) pumice /one = ! removal ( corns & callosities is usually no?+ m ?an a solution ( potassa or conc5trat$ lye1 ! pumice /one be+ dipp$ into ! solution by ! op]ator j be=e us+4 ,treatm5t ( ,bunions4--,we> "r & left /ock+s & %oes1 ! inn] edges ( ! sole ( :i* are p]fectly /raight4 ,! bunion is ba!d night & morn+ 9 a #d p] c5t solution ( c>bolic acid = a few m9utes1 foll[$ by pla9 wat]4 ,if1 aft] sev]al weeks1 ! bursa is /ill di/5d$ ) fluid1 x is aspirat$4 ,if ! bunion is due to flatfoot1 ! ar* ( ! foot mu/ be re/or$ by a plate4 ,:5 ! jo9ts are enl>g$ because ( g\t or #bbe rheumatism1 ! con/itutional conditions mu/ be treat$4 ,9 o!r cases1 o/eotomy & t5otomy are requir$4 ,! ,treatm5t ( ,corns4--,any corn may be spe$ily & p]man5tly cur$4 ,! treatm5t is ( ?ree k9ds--prev5tive1 palliative1 & curative4 ,i4--,! prev5tive treatm5t lies 9 adopt+ su* measures z w secure fre$om f pressure & friction = ! p>ts mo/ liable to corns4 ,to ?is end a well-fitt+ %oe is ess5tial4 ,! %oes %\ld be ( well-season$ lea!r1 s(t & ela/ic1 & %\ld be cut to a prop] model4 ,,ii4--,! palliative treatm5t is g5]ally c>ri$ out ) *emical sub/ances4 ,! be/ me?od1 is1 briefly1 z foll[s3 ,a r+ ( glyc]9e jelly is pa9t$ ar\nd ! circumf]5ce ( ! corn1 to =m a rais$ ramp>t4 ,a piece ( salicylic pla/] mull is !n cut to ! size & %ape ( ! c5tral depression1 & appli$ to ! surface ( ! corn4 ,?is is !n cov]$ ) a lay] ( glyc]9e jelly1 & be=e x sets a pad ( cotton wool is appli$ to ! surface4 ,?is process is repeat$ z (t5 z is necess>y1 until ! horny lay] sep>ates & is ca/ (f4 ,if ! po9t ( a %>p1 ?9-blad$ knife be introduc$ at ! groove :i* runs ar\nd ! m>g9 ( ! corn1 & be made to p5etrate t[>d its c5tral axis1 by ! ex]cise ( a little manual dext]ity ! horny "p ( ! corn c be easily made to sep>ate f ! p>ts b5ea?4 ,,iii4--,any me?od ( treatm5t to be curative mu/ secure ! removal ( ! entire corn1 toge!r ) ! und]ly+ bursa4 ,x is ma9ly 9 connection ) ! latt] /ructure t complications1 :i* alone make a corn a matt] ( s]i\s import1 are likely to arise4 ,freel& confid5tly advises ! full & complete excision ( corns1 on ! basis ( 8 exp]i5ce 9 upw>d ( #fj cases4 ,e precaution hav+ be5 tak5 to r5d] ! op]ation aseptic1 a spot is select$ = ! injection ( ! an/hetic solution4 ,! sk9 is r5d]$ ins5sitive ) e?yl *loride1 & #e m9ims ( a #d p] c5t solution ( coca9e is inject$ into ! subcutane\s tissue b5ea? ! corn4 ,aft] a wait ( a few m9utes ! sup]ficial p>ts ( ! site ( ! incision are r5d]$ ins5sitive ) e?yl *loride4 ,an/hesia is n[ complete4 ,two semielliptical incisions meet+ at _! extremities are made ?r\gh ! sk9 ab\nd ! circumf]5ce ( ! gr[?1 c>e be+ tak5 t !y p5etrate well into ! subcutane\s tissue4 ,seiz+ ! p>ts includ$ 9 ! incision ) a pair ( dissect+ =ceps1 a w$ge-%ap$ piece ( tissue--includ+ ! corn1 a lay] ( sk9 & subcutane\s tissue1 & ! bursa if pres5t--is dissect$ out4 ,! ooz+ is pretty free1 & x is sometimes necess>y to torsion a small vessel2 b ! hemorrhage is nev] sev]e4 ,! edges ( ! w\nd are br\ght toge!r by "o or two f9e sutures2 an antiseptic dress+ is appli$1 & ! w\nd is left to heal--prim>y union 9 a few days be+ ! rule4 ,! rapidity ( ! heal+ is (t5 ph5om5al4 ,!re is produc$ a sc> tissue at ! site ( ! corn1 b ?is leads to no unt[>d results4 ,cosmetics ,,cold ,,cream4 ,i4--,oil ( almonds #dbe p>ts ,lanol9 #ahe p>ts ,:ite wax #fb p>ts ,sp]maceti #fb p>ts ,borax #d4e p>ts ,rose wat] #cjj "p ,melt toge!r ! fir/ f\r +r$i5ts1 !n incorporate ! solution ( borax 9 ! rose wat]4 ,,ii4--,tragacan? #abe p>ts ,boric acid #ajj p>ts ,glyc]9e #adj p>ts ,express$ oil ( almonds #ej p>ts ,glycon9e #ej p>ts ,oil ( lav5d] #j4e p>ts ,wat] en\gh to make #a1jjj p>ts ,mix ! tragacan? & ! boric acid ) ! glyc]9e2 add ! almond oil1 lav5d] oil1 & egg glyc]ite1 :i* h be5 previ\sly well incorporat$1 &1 la/ly1 add ! wat] 9 divid$ portions until a cle> jelly ( ! desir$ consi/5cy is obta9$4 ,,iii4--,oil ( almonds #bf ounces ,ca/or oil 7odorless7 #f ounces ,l>d 7b5zoat$7 #h ounces ,:ite wax #h ounces ,rose wat] 79 w9t] less1 9 summ] m1 ?an quantity nam$7 #ab ounces ,orange-fl[] wat] #h ounces ,oil ( rose #ae m9ims ,extract ( jasm9e #f dra*ms ,extract ( cassia #d dra*ms ,borax #b ounces ,glyc]9e #d ounces #bbf ,melt ! oil ( sweet almonds1 wax1 & l>d toge!r1 & /ir 9 ! ca/or oil2 make a solution ( ! borax 9 ! glyc]9e & rose & orange-fl[] wat]s2 add ?is solution1 a little at a "t1 to ! melt$ fat1 /irr+ con/antly to insure ?or\gh incorporation2 f9ally add ! oil ( rose dissolv$ 9 ! extracts1 & beat ! o9tm5t until cold4 ,,iv4--,sp]maceti 7pure71 #a_/d ounce2 :ite wax 7pure71 #a_/d ounce2 almond oil1 #a_/d p\nd2 butt] ( cocoa1 #a_/d p\nd2 lanol91 #b ounces4 ,melt & /ir 9 #a dra*m ( balsam ( ,p]u4 ,aft] settl+1 p\r (f ! cle> portion & add #b fluidra*ms ( orange-fl[] wat] & /ir briskly until x concretes4 ,camphorat$ ,cold ,cream4-- ,oil ( sweet almonds #h fluid\nces ,:ite wax #a ounce ,sp]maceti #a ounce ,camphor #a ounce ,rose wat] #e fluid\nces ,borax 79 f9e p[d]7 #d dra*ms ,oil ( rose #aj drops ,melt ! wax & sp]maceti1 add ! oil ( sweet almonds1 9 :i* ! camphor has be5 dissolv$ ) v g5tle heat2 !n gradually add ! rose wat]1 9 :i* ! borax has previ\sly be5 dissolv$1 beat+ or agitat+ con/antly ) a wood5 spatula until cold4 ,la/ly add ! oil ( rose4 ,petrolatum ,cold ,cream4-- ,petrolatum 7:ite7 #g ounces ,p>aff9e #a_/b ounce ,lanol9 #b ounces ,wat] #c ounces ,oil ( rose #c drops ,alcohol #a dra*m ,a small quantity ( borax may be add$1 if desirable1 & ! p]fume may be v>i$ to suit ! ta/e4 ,,lip ,,salves3 ,pomades = ! ,lips4--,lip pomatum :i* is said always to reta9 a h&some r$ color & nev] to gr[ rancid is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,i4--,p>aff9e #hj4j p>ts ,vasel9e #hj4j p>ts ,an*us9e #j4e p>ts ,b]gamot oil #a4j "p ,lemon peel #a4j "p ,,ii4--,vasel9e ,pomade4-- ,vasel9e oil1 :ite #a1jjj p>ts ,wax1 :ite #cjj "p ,g]anium oil1 ,african4 #dj p>ts ,lemon oil4 #bj p>ts ,,iii4--,rose ,pomade4-- ,almond oil #a1jjj p>ts ,wax1 :ite #cjj p>ts ,alkann9 #c p>ts ,g]anium oil #bj p>ts ,,iv4--,yell[ ,pomade4-- ,vasel9e oil1 :ite4 #a1jjj p>ts ,wax1 :ite #bjj p>ts ,sp]maceti #bjj p>ts ,saffron surrogate4 #aj p>ts ,clove oil4 #bj p>ts ,v4--,:ite ,pomade4-- ,vasel9e oil1 :ite #a1jjj p>ts ,wax1 :ite4 #cjj p>ts ,bitt] almond oil1 g5u9e4 #aj p>ts ,lemon oil #b p>ts ,,vi4--,p>aff9e #di4j p>ts ,vasel9e4 #di4j p>ts ,oil ( lemon4 #j4ge p>ts ,oil ( violet #j4ge p>ts ,c>m9e1 quantity suffici5t4 ,lipol4--,= treat+ sore1 r\gh1 or inflam$ lips1 apply ! foll[+ night & morn+1 rubb+ 9 well ) ! f+] tips3 ,camphor1 #a_/b ounce2 m5?ol1 #a_/b ounce2 eucalyptol1 #a dra*m2 petrolatum 7:ite71 #a p\nd2 p>aff9e1 #a_/b p\nd2 alkanet root1 #a_/b ounce2 oil ( bitt] almonds1 #ae drops2 oil ( cloves1 #aj drops2 oil ( cassia1 #e drops4 ,dige/ ! root 9 ! melt$ p>aff9e & petrolatum1 /ra91 add ! o!r +r$i5ts & p\r into lip j>s1 hot4 ,,manicure ,,prep>ations3 ,p[d]$ ,nail ,poli%es4-- ,i4--,t9 oxide #h dra*ms ,c>m9e #a_/d dra*m ,rose oil4 #f drops ,n]oli oil4 #e drops ,,ii4--,c9nab>4 #a dra*m ,infusorial e>?4 #h dra*ms ,,iii4--,putty p[d] 7f9e74 #d dra*ms ,c>m9e4 #b gra9s ,oil ( rose4 #a drop ,,iv4--,:ite ca/ile soap4 #a "p ,hot wat] #af p>ts ,z9c *loride solution1 #aj p] c5t1 quantity suffici5t4 ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat] & to ! solution add ! z9c-*loride solution until no fur!r precipitation occurs4 ,let /& ov] night2 p\r (f ! sup]natant fluid1 wa% ! precipitate #bbg well ) wat]1 & dry at ! ord9>y temp]ature4 ,c>m9e may be add$ if desir$4 ,poli%+ ,pa/es = ! ,nails4-- ,i4--,talcum4 #e dra*ms ,/ann\s oxide4 #c dra*ms ,p[d]$ tragacan? #e gra9s ,glyc]9e #a dra*m ,rose wat]1 quantity suffici5t4 ,solution ( c>m9e suffici5t to t9t4 ,make pa/e4 ,= s(t5+ ! nails1 cur+ hangnails1 etc41 an o9tm5t is sometimes us$ consi/+ ( :ite petrolatum1 #h p>ts2 p[d]$ ca/ile soap1 #a "p2 & p]fume to suit4 ,,ii4--,eos9e #aj gra9s ,:ite wax #a_/b dra*m ,sp]maceti #a_/b dra*m ,s(t p>aff9e #a ounce ,alcohol1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! eos9e 9 z little alcohol z w suffice1 melt ! o!r +r$i5ts toge!r1 add ! solution1 & /ir until cool4 ,nail-,clean+ ,wa%es4-- ,i4--,t>t>ic acid #a dra*m ,t9cture ( myrrh #a dra*m ,cologne wat] #b dra*ms ,wat] #c ounces ,dissolve ! acid 9 ! wat]2 mix ! t9cture ( myrrh & cologne1 & add to ! acid solution4 ,dip ! nails 9 ?is solution1 wipe1 & poli% ) *amois sk94 ,,ii4--,oxalic acid #cj gra9s ,rose wat] #a ounce ,nail ,v>ni%4-- ,p>aff9e wax #fj gra9s ,*lor(orm #b ounces ,oil ( rose #c drops ,,pomades3 ,i4--,beef-,m>r[ ,pomade4-- ,vasel9e oil1 yell[ #bj1jjj p>ts ,c]es9e1 yell[ #c1jjj p>ts ,beef m>r[ #b1jjj p>ts ,saffron sub/itute #ae p>ts ,lemon oil #ej p>ts ,b]gamot oil #bj p>ts ,clove oil #e p>ts ,lav5d] oil4 #aj p>ts ,,ii4--,*9a ,pomade4-- ,vasel9e oil1 yell[ #bj1jjj p>ts ,c]es9e1 yell[ #e1jjj p>ts ,brilliant1 br[n #ab p>ts ,p]u balsam #ej p>ts ,lemon oil #e p>ts ,b]gamot oil #e p>ts ,clove oil #e p>ts ,lav5d] oil #e p>ts ,,iii4--,cry/all9e ,honey ,pomade4--,nut oil1 #abe dra*ms2 sp]maceti1 #ae dra*ms2 gamboge1 #b dra*ms2 v]va9 oil1 #aj drops2 c9namon oil1 #bj drops2 b]gamot oil1 #cj drops2 rose oil1 #c drops4 ,! sp]maceti is melt$ 9 ! nut oil on a wat] ba? & dige/$ ) ! gamboge = #bj m9utes2 x is next /ra9$1 sc5t$1 & p\r$ into cans :i* are /&+ 9 wat]4 ,! cool+ mu/ take place v sl[ly4 ,in/ead ( gamboge1 butt] color may be us$4 ,any desir$ sc5t mixture may be employ$4 ,,iv4--,h]b ,pomade4-- ,vasel9e oil1 yell[ #bj1jjj p>ts ,c]es9e1 yell[ #e1jjj p>ts ,*lorophyll #bj p>ts ,lemon oil #ej p>ts ,clove oil #bj p>ts ,g]anium oil1 ,african #ab p>ts ,curl$ m9t oil4 #d p>ts ,v4--,rose ,pomade4-- ,vasel9e oil1 :ite #bj1jjj p>ts ,c]es9e1 :ite #e1jjj p>ts ,alkann9 #ae p>ts ,g]anium oil1 ,african #ej p>ts ,palm>osa oil #cj p>ts ,lemon oil #bj p>ts ,,vi4--,/rawb]ry ,pomade4--,:5 ! /rawb]ry season is on1 & b]ries are pl5ty & *eap1 ! foll[+ is timely3 ,/rawb]ries1 ripe & fre% #d p>ts ,l>d1 sweet & fre% #be p>ts ,tall[1 fre% #e p>ts ,alkanet t9cture1 quantity suffici5t4 ,ess5tial oil1 quantity suffici5t to p]fume4 ,melt l>d & tall[ toge!r on ! wat] ba? at ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat]4 ,h ! /rawb]ries arrang$ on a /ra9+ clo?4 ,add ! alkanet t9cture to ! melt$ grease1 /ir 91 & !n p\r ! mixture ov] ! b]ries4 ,/ir ! /ra9$ fats until ! mass #bbh beg9s to set1 !n add ! p]fume & /ir 94 ,a little artificial ess5ce ( /rawb]ries may be add$4 ,! odor usually employ$ is rose1 ab\t #a drop to e #b p\nds4 ,,vii4--,/ick ,pomade4-- ,tall[ #ejj p>ts ,c]es9e #aej p>ts ,wax1 yell[ #ej p>ts ,ros91 light #bjj p>ts ,p>aff9e oil 7?ick7 #cjj p>ts ,oil ( cassia4 #e p>ts ,oil ( b]gamot #e p>ts ,oil ( clove #b p>ts ,,viii4--,vasel9e ,pomade4--,melt #bej p>ts ( fre%ly r5d]$ l>d & #be p>ts ( :ite wax at mod]ate heat & mix well ) #bjj p>ts ( vasel9e4 ,add #ae p>ts ( b]gamot oil1 #c p>ts ( lav5d] oil1 #b p>ts ( g]anium oil1 & #b p>ts ( lemon oil1 mix+ well4 ,,ix4--,wit*-,hazel ,jelly4-- ,oil ( sweet almonds #bef p>ts ,extract ( wit*-hazel fluid #aj p>ts ,glyc]9e #cb p>ts (t soap #bj p>ts ,t9cture ( musk1 quantity suffici5t to p]fume4 ,mix 9 a l>ge mort> ! glyc]9e & s(t soap & /ir until incorporat$4 ,add & rub 9 ! wit*-hazel1 & !n add ! oil1 sl[ly1 lett+ x fall 9 a v ?91 small /ream1 "u con/ant agitation2 add ! p]fume1 keep+ up ! agitation until complete incorporation is atta9$4 ,t5 drops ( musk to a qu>t ( jelly is suffici5t4 ,any o!r p]fume may be us$4 ,colors = ,pomade4--,pomade may be color$ r$ by infus+ alkanet 9 ! grease2 yell[ may be obta9$ by us+ annotto 9 ! same way2 an oil-soluble *lorophyll w give a gre5 color by admixture4 ,9 color+ grease by means ( alkanet or annotto x is be/ to tie ! drug up 9 a piece ( co>se clo?1 place 9 a small portion ( ! grease1 heat g5tly1 squeez+ well ) a rod f "t to "t2 & !n add+ ?is /rongly color$ grease to ! rema9d]4 ,?is proc$ure obviates expos+ ! entire mass to heat1 & nei!r decantation nor /ra9+ is ne$$4 ,brocq's ,pomade = ,it*+4-- ,acid ph5ic #a "p ,acid salicylic #b p>ts ,acid t>t>ic #c p>ts ,glyc]ole ( />* #fj to #ajj p>ts ,mix & make a pomade4 ,:ite ,cosmetique4-- ,jasm9e pomade #b ounces ,tub]ose pomade #b ounces ,:ite wax #b ounces ,ref9$ suet #d ounces ,rose oil #ae m9ims ,melt ! wax & suet ov] a wat] ba?1 !n add ! pomades1 & f9ally ! otto4 ,glyc]9e & ,cucumb] ,jelly4-- ,gelat9 #afj to #bdj gra9s ,boric acid #bdj gra9s ,glyc]9e #f fluid\nces ,wat] #aj fluid\nces ,p]fume to suit4 ,! p]fume mu/ be "o t mixes )\t opalesc5ce1 o!rwise x m>s ! beauty ( ! prep>ation4 ,orange-fl[] wat] or rose wat] c\ld be sub/itut$ = ! wat] if desir$1 or ano!r p]fume consi/+ ( ,_s ( vanill9 7#ae gra9s p] ounce7 #b fluidra*ms ,_s ( c\m>9 7#ae gra9s p] ounce7 #b fluidra*ms ,_s ( bitt] almonds 7#a_/h7 #h m9ims to ! quantities giv5 above w\ld prove agreeable4 ,cucumb] ,pomade4-- ,cucumb] pomade #b ounces ,p[d]$ :ite soap #a_/b ounce ,p[d]$ borax #b dra*ms ,*]ry-laurel wat] #c ounces ,rectifi$ _s #c ounces ,di/ill$ wat] to make #dh ounces ,rub ! pomade ) ! soap & borax until intimately mix$1 !n add ! di/ill$ wat] 7:i* may be w>m$ to blood heat71 ounce by ounce1 to =m a smoo? & uni=m cream4 ,:5 #dj ounces ( wat] h be5 s incorporat$1 dissolve any ess5tial oils desir$ z p]fume 9 ! _s1 & add ! *]ry-laurel wat]1 mak+ up to #dh ounces ) pla9 wat]4 ,,r\ges ,,& ,,pa9ts3 ,grease ,pa9ts4--,!atrical face pa9ts are sold 9 /icks1 & !re are _m v>ieties ( color4 ,yell[s are obta9$ ) o*]2 br[ns ) burnt umb]2 & blue is made ) ultram>9e4 ,^! colors %\ld 9 ea* case be levigat$ f9ely along ) _! own weight #bbi ( equal p>ts ( precipitat$ *alk & oxide ( z9c & dilut$ ) ! same to ! t9t requir$1 !n made into /icks ) mutton suet 7or vasel9e or p>aff9e1 equal p>ts7 well p]fum$4 ,by bl5d+ ^! colors1 o!r t9ts may ?us be obta9$4 ,:ite ,grease ,pa9ts4-- ,i4--,prep>$ *alk #d av4 ounces ,z9c oxide #d av4 ounces ,bismu? subnitrate #d av4 ounces ,asbe/os p[d] #d av4 ounces ,sweet almond oil1 ab\t #b #a_/b fluid\nces ,camphor #dj gra9s ,oil pepp]m9t #c fluidra*ms ,esob\quet extract #c fluidra*ms ,suffici5t almond oil %\ld be us$ to =m a mass ( prop] consi/5ce4 ,,ii4--,z9c oxide4 #h p>ts ,bismu? subnitrate #h p>ts ,alum9um oxy*loride #h p>ts ,almond oil1 quantity suffici5t1 or #e-f p>ts4 ,p]fume1 quantity suffici5t4 ,mix ! z9c1 bismu?1 & alum9um oxy*loride ?or\ghly2 make into a pa/e ) ! oil4 ,any p]fume may be add$1 b t g5]ally us$ is compos$ ( #a dra*m ( ess5ce ( b\quet1 #ab gra9s ( camphor1 & #ab m9ims ( oil ( pepp]m9t = e #c #a_/b ounces ( pa/e4 ,bright ,r$4-- ,z9c oxide #aj p>ts ,bismu? subnitrate #aj p>ts ,alum9um oxy*loride #aj p>ts ,almond oil1 quantity suffici5t4 ,mix ! z9c1 bismu?1 & alum9um salts1 & to e #d ounces ( ! mixture add #b #a_/d gra9s ( eos9e dissolv$ 9 a dra*m ( ess5ce ( b\quet1 #ab m9ims oil ( pepp]m9t1 & #ab gra9s ( camphor4 ,make ! :ole into a pa/e ) almond oil4 ,r$4-- ,cacao butt] #d av4 ounces ,:ite wax #d av4 ounces ,olive oil #b fluid\nces ,oil ( rose #h drops ,oil ( b]gamot #c drops ,oil ( n]oli #b drops ,t9cture musk #b drops ,c>m9e #ij gra9s ,ammonia wat] #c fluidra*ms ,deep1 or ,bordeaux1 ,r$4-- ,z9c oxide #cj p>ts ,bismu? subnitrate #cj p>ts ,alum9um oxy*loride #cj p>ts ,c>m9e #a "p ,ammonia wat] #e p>ts ,ess5ce b\quet #c p>ts ,pepp]m9t1 camphor1 etc41 quantity suffici5t4 ,mix ! z9c1 bismu?1 & alum9um salts4 ,dissolve ! c>m9e 9 ! ammonia & add solution to ! mixture4 ,add #bd gra9s ( camphor1 & #bd m9ims ( oil ( pepp]m9t dissolv$ 9 ! ess5ce b\quet1 & make ! :ole into a pa/e ) oil ( sweet almonds4 ,v]milion4-- ,v]milion #ah p>ts ,t9cture ( saffron #ab p>ts ,orris root1 p[d]$ #cj p>ts ,*alk1 precipitat$ #abj p>ts ,z9c oxide #abj p>ts ,camphor #b p>ts ,ess5ce b\quet #i p>ts ,oil ( pepp]m9t #b p>ts ,almond oil1 quantity suffici5t4 ,mix z be=e4 ,p9k4-- ,z9c c>bonate #bej p>ts ,bismu? subnitrate #bej p>ts ,asbe/os #bej p>ts ,express$ oil ( almonds #ajj p>ts ,camphor #ee p>ts ,oil ( pepp]m9t #ee p>ts ,p]fume #be p>ts ,eos9e #a "p ,d>k ,r$4--,l ! prec$+1 b color$ ) a solution ( c>m9e4 ,r\ge4-- ,z9c oxide4 #b #a_/b ounces ,bismu? subnitrate #b #a_/b ounces ,alum9um plumbate #b #a_/b ounces ,eos9e #a dra*m ,ess5ce b\quet #b dra*ms ,camphor #f dra*ms ,oil ( pepp]m9t #bj m9ims ,almond oil1 quantity suffici5t4 ,dissolve ! eos9e 9 ! ess5ce b\quet1 & mix ) ! camphor & pepp]m9t2 add ! p[d] & make into a pa/e ) almond oil4 ,black ,grease ,pa9ts4-- ,i4--,soot #b av4 ounces ,sweet almond oil #b fluid\nces ,cacao butt] #f av4 ounces ,p]fume1 suffici5t4 #bcj ,! soot %\ld be d]iv$ f burn+ camphor & repeat$ly wa%$ ) alcohol4 ,x %\ld be triturat$ to a smoo? mixture ) ! oil2 !n add to ! melt$ cacao butt]2 add ! p]fume1 & =m into /icks4 ,br[n or o!r colors may be obta9$ by add+ appropriate pigm5ts1 su* z f9ely levigat$ burn$ umb]1 si5na1 o*]1 jewel]'s r\ge1 etc41 to ! =ego+ base in/ead ( lampblack4 ,,ii4--,be/ lampblack #a dra*m ,cacao butt] #c dra*ms ,olive oil #c dra*ms ,oil ( n]oli #b drops ,melt ! cacao butt] & oil1 add ! lampblack1 & /ir con/antly z ! mixture cools1 add+ ! p]fume t[>d ! end4 ,,iii4--,lampblack #a "p ,cacao butt] #f p>ts ,oil n]oli1 suffici5t4 ,melt ! cacao butt] & ! lampblack1 & :ile cool+ make an intimate mixture1 add+ ! p]fume t[>d ! la/4 ,,iv4--,lampblack4 #a "p ,express$ oil ( almonds #a "p ,oil cocoanut #a "p ,p]fume1 suffici5t4 ,beat ! lampblack into a /iff pa/e ) glyc]9e4 ,apply ) a sponge2 if necess>y1 mix a little wat] ) x :5 us+4 ,v4--,beat ! f9e/ lampblack into a /iff pa/e ) glyc]9e & apply ) a sponge2 if necess>y1 add a little wat] to ! mixture :5 us+4 ,or y c make a grease pa9t z foll[s3 ,drop black1 #b dra*ms2 almond oil1 #b dra*ms2 cocoanut oil1 #f dra*ms2 oil ( lemon1 #e m9ims2 oil ( n]oli1 #a m9im4 ,mix4 ,fatty ,face ,p[d]s4--,^! h a small p]c5tage ( fat mix$ ) !m 9 ord] to make ! p[d] adh]e to ! sk94 ,dissolve #a dra*m anhydr\s lanol9 9 #b dra*ms ( e!r 9 a mort>4 ,add #c dra*ms ( light magnesia4 ,mix well1 dry1 & !n add ! foll[+3 ,fr5* *alk1 #b ounces2 p[d]$ />*1 #a #a_/b ounces2 boric acid1 #a dra*m2 p]fume1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,a good p]fume is c\m>91 #b gra9s1 & att> ( rose1 #b m9ims4 ,nose ,putty4--,i4--,mix #a ounce :eat fl\r ) #b dra*ms ( p[d]$ tragacan? & t9t ) c>m9e4 ,take z mu* ( ! p[d] z necess>y1 knead into a /iff pa/e ) a little wat] & apply to ! nose1 hav+ previ\sly pa9t$ x ) _s gum4 ,,ii4--,:ite wax1 #h p>ts2 ros91 :ite1 #h p>ts2 mutton suet1 #d p>ts2 color to suit4 ,melt toge!r4 ,rose ,p[d]4--,z a base take #bjj p>ts ( p[d]$ iris root1 add #fjj p>ts ( rose petals1 #ajj p>ts ( s&alwood1 #ajj p>ts ( pat*\li1 #c p>ts ( oil ( g]anium1 & #b p>ts ( true rose oil4 ,r\ge ,tablets4--,!re are two di/9ct classes ( ^! tablets3 ^? 9 :i* ! color+ matt] is c>m9e1 & ^? 9 :i* ! anil9e colors are us$4 ,! be/ are ^? prep>$ ) c>m9e1 or ammonium c>m9ate1 to speak m correctly4 ,! foll[+ is an excell5t =mula3 ,ammonium c>m9ate #aj p>ts ,talc1 9 p[d] #be p>ts ,dextr9 #h p>ts ,simple syrup1 suffici5t4 ,p]fume1 to ta/e1 suffici5t4 ,mix ! talc & dextr9 & add ! p]fume1 pref]ably 9 ! %ape ( an ess5tial oil 7att> ( rose1 syn!tic oil ( jasm9e1 or violet1 etc471 us+ #f to #h drops to e #d ounces ( o!r +r$i5ts4 ,incorporate ! ammonium c>m9ate & add j en\gh simple syrup to make a mass easily roll$ out4 ,cut into tablets ( ! desir$ size4 ,! ammonium c>m9ate is made by add+ #a "p ( c>m9e to #b #a_/b p>ts ( /rong ammonia wat]4 ,mix 9 a vial1 cork tightly1 & set aside until a solution is =m$1 %ak+ occasionally4 ,! ammonium c>m9ate is made by dissolv+ c>m9e 9 ammonia wat] to saturation4 ,r\ge ,palettes4--,to prep>e r\ge palettes rub up toge!r3 ,c>m9e #i p>ts ,fr5* *alk #ej p>ts ,almond oil #ab p>ts ,add en\gh tragacan? mucilage to make ! mass adh]e & spread ! :ole ev5ly on ! porcela9 palette4 ,liquid ,r\ge4-- ,i4--,c>m9e #d p>ts ,/rong] ammonia wat] #d p>ts ,ess5ce ( rose #af p>ts ,rose wat] to make4 #ejj p>ts ,mix4 ,a v delightful violet odor1 if ?is is pref]r$1 is obta9$ by us+ ionone 9 place ( rose ess5ce4 ,a *eap] prep>ation may be made z foll[s3 #bca ,,ii4--,eos9e #a "p ,di/ill$ wat] #bj p>ts ,glyc]9e #e p>ts ,cologne wat] #ge p>ts ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,mix4 ,rub toge!r ) #aj p>ts ( almond oil & add suffici5t mucilage ( tragacan? to make ! mass adh]e to ! porcela9 palette4 ,,iii4--,c>m9e #a "p ,/rong] ammonia wat] #a "p ,att> ( rose #d p>ts ,rose wat] #abe p>ts ,mix4 ,any o!r color may be us$ 9 place ( rose1 violet 7ionone71 = in/ance1 or heliotrope4 ,a *eap] prep>ation may be made by sub/itut+ eos9e = ! c>m9e1 z foll[s3 ,,iv4--,eos9e #a "p ,di/ill$ wat] #bj p>ts ,glyc]9e #e p>ts ,cologne wat] #ge p>ts ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,mix4 ,pea* ,t9t4-- a4--,buffalo eos9e #d dra*ms ,di/ill$ wat] #af fluid\nces ,mix4 b4--,pure hydro*loric acid #b #a_/b dra*ms ,di/ill$ wat] #fd fluid\nces ,mix4 ,p\r a into b1 %ake1 & set aside = a few h\rs2 !n p\r (f ! cle> portion & collect ! precipitate on a filt]4 ,wa% ) ! same am\nt ( b & imm$iately ?r[ ! precipitate into a glass measure1 /irr+ 9 ) a glass rod suffici5t ( b to measure #af ounces 9 all4 ,pass ?r\gh a hair sieve to get out any filt]+ pap]4 ,to e #af ounces add #h ounces ( glyc]9e4 ,!at] ,r\ge4--,base3 ,corn/>* #d dra*ms ,p[d]$ :ite talcum #f dra*ms ,mix4 a4--,c>m9ol9e #aj gra9s ,base #f dra*ms ,wat] #d dra*ms ,dissolve ! c>m9ol9e 9 ! wat]1 mix ) ! base & dry4 b4--,g]anium r$ #aj gra9s ,base #f dra*ms ,wat] #d dra*ms ,mix z above & dry4 ,,sk9 ,,foods4 ,wr9kles on ! face yield to a wa% consi/+ ( #ej p>ts milk ( almonds 7made ) rose wat]7 & #d p>ts alum9um sulphate4 ,use morn+ & night4 ,r\gh sk9 is to be wa%$ con/antly 9 ,vi*y wat]4 ,besides ?is1 r\gh places are to h ! foll[+ application twice daily--ei!r a few drops (3 ,i4--,rose wat] #ajj p>ts ,glyc]9e #be p>ts ,tann9 #c_/d "p ,mix4 ,or use3 ,,ii4--,orange-fl[] wat] #ajj p>ts ,glyc]9e #aj p>ts ,borax #b p>ts ,mix4 ,sig43 ,apply twice daily4 8,beauty ,cream40--,?is =mula gives ! sk9 a beautiful1 smoo?1 & fre% appe>ance1 &1 at ! same "t1 s]ves to protect & pres]ve x3 ,alum1 p[d]$ #aj grams ,:ites ( #b eggs ,boric acid #c grams ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #dj drops ,olive oil #dj drops ,mucilage ( acacia #e drops ,rice fl\r1 quantity suffici5t4 ,p]fume1 quantity suffici5t4 ,mix ! alum & ! :ite ( eggs1 )\t any addition ( wat] :atev]1 9 an e>!n vessel1 & dissolve ! alum by ! aid ( v g5tle heat 7d]iv$ f a lamp1 or gaslight1 regulat$ to a v small flame71 & con/ant1 ev51 /irr+4 ,?is mu/ cont9ue until ! aque\s cont5t ( ! album5 is completely driv5 (f4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid coagulation ( ! album5 7:i* occurs v easily1 z all "k74 ,let ! mass obta9$ 9 ?is mann] get completely cold1 !n ?r[ into a ,w$gwood mort>1 add ! boric acid1 t9cture ( b5zo91 oil1 mucilage 7in/ead ( :i* a solution ( f9e gelat9 may be us$71 etc41 & rub up toge!r1 ?ick5+ x ) ! addition ( suffici5t rice fl\r to give ! desir$ consi/5ce1 & p]fum+ at w4 ,in/ead ( olive oil any pure fat1 or fatty oil1 may be us$1 ev5 vasel9e or glyc]9e4 ,face ,blea* or ,beautifi]4-- ,syrupy lactic acid #dj ounces ,glyc]9e #hj ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #e gallons ,mix4 ,gradually add ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #c ounces ,color by add+ #bcb ,c>m9e ,no4 #dj #dj gra9s ,glyc]9e #a ounce ,ammonia solution #a_/b ounce ,wat] to #c ounces ,heat ?is to drive (f ! ammonia1 & mix all4 ,%ake1 set aside2 !n filt]1 & add ,solution ( ionone #a dra*m ,add a few dra*ms ( kaol9 & filt] until bright4 ,,blackhead ,,rem$ies4 ,i4--,lactic acid #a dra*m ,boric acid #a dra*m ,c]es9e #a dra*m ,p>aff9e oil #f dra*ms ,hydr\s wool fat #a #a_/b ounces ,ca/or oil #f dra*ms ,,ii4--,unna advises hydrog5 dioxide 9 ! treatm5t ( blackheads1 8 prescription be+3 ,hydrog5 dioxide #bj to #dj p>ts ,hydr\s wool fat #aj p>ts ,petrolatum #cj p>ts ,,iii4--,?ymol #a "p ,boric acid #b p>ts ,t9cture ( wit*-hazel #ah p>ts ,rose wat] suffici5t to make #bjj p>ts ,mix4 ,apply to ! face night & morn+ ) a sponge1 fir/ wa%+ ! face ) hot wat] & ca/ile soap1 & dry+ x ) a co>se t[el1 us+ =ce en\gh to />t ! dri$ secretions4 ,an excell5t plan is to /eam ! face by hold+ x ov] a bas9 ( hot wat]1 keep+ ! head cov]$ ) a clo?4 ,,iv4--,i*?yol #a dra*m ,z9c oxide #b dra*ms ,/>* #b dra*ms ,petrolatum #c dra*ms ,?is pa/e %\ld be appli$ at night4 ,! face %\ld fir/ be ?or\ghly /eam$ or wa%$ 9 wat] z hot z c be com=tably borne4 ,all pu/ules %\ld !n be op5$ & blackheads empti$ ) z little viol5ce z possible4 ,aft] c>eful dry+ ! pa/e %\ld be ?or\ghly rubb$ into ! affect$ areas4 ,9 ! morn+1 aft] remov+ ! pa/e ) a bl& soap1 ba! ) cool wat] & dry ) little friction4 ,,h& ,,creams ,,& ,,lotions3 ,*app$ ,sk94-- ,i4--,glyc]9e #h p>ts ,bay rum #d p>ts ,ammonia wat] #d p>ts ,rose wat] #d p>ts ,mix ! bay rum & glyc]9e1 add ! ammonia wat]1 & f9ally ! rose wat]4 ,x is especially efficaci\s aft] %av+4 ,,ii4--,z glyc]9e is bad = ! sk9 ( _m p1 "h is a recipe :i* w be f\nd m g5]ally satisfactory z x conta9s less glyc]9e3 ,bay rum1 #c ounces2 glyc]9e1 #a ounce2 c>bolic acid1 #a_/b dra*m 7#cj drops74 ,wa% ! h&s well & apply :ile h&s are s(t1 pref]ably j be=e go+ to b$4 ,rub 9 ?or\ghly4 ,?is r>ely fails to cure ! wor/ 8*aps0 9 two nights4 ,,iii4--,a sure rem$y = *app$ h&s consi/s 9 keep+ !m c>efully dry & greas+ !m n[ & !n ) an anhydr\s fat 7n cold cream74 ,! be/ sub/ances = ! purpose are ungu5tum c]eum or oleum oliv>um4 ,if ! sk9 ( ! h&s is already crack$ ! foll[+ prep>ation w heal x3 ,f9ely gr\nd z9c oxide1 #e4j p>ts2 bismu? oxy*loride1 #b4j p>ts2 ) fat oil1 #ab4j p>ts2 next add glyc]9e1 #e4j p>ts2 lanol91 #cj4j p>ts2 & sc5t ) rose wat]1 #aj4j p>ts4 ,,iv4--,wax salve 7olive oil #g p>ts1 & yell[ wax #c p>ts71 or pure olive oil4 ,h&-,clean+ ,pa/e4--,clean+ pa/es are compos$ ( soap & grit1 ei!r ) or )\t "s free alkali4 ,any soap may be us$1 b a :ite soap is pref]r$4 ,ca/ile soap does n make z firm a pa/e z soap made f animal fats1 & ! latt] also la!r bett]4 ,= grit1 any?+ may be us$1 f p[d]$ pumice to f9e s&4 ,a good pa/e may be made by dissolv+ soap 9 ! lea/ possible quantity ( hot wat]1 & z x cools & sets /irr+ 9 ! grit4 ,a good =mula is3 ,:ite soap #b #a_/b p\nds ,f9e s& #a p\nd ,wat] #e #a_/b p9ts ,lotion = ! ,h&s4-- ,boric acid #a dra*m ,glyc]9e #f dra*ms ,dissolve by heat & mix ) ,lanol9 #f dra*ms ,vasel9e #a ounce ,add any p]fume desir$4 ,! borat$ glyc]9e %\ld be cool$ be=e mix+ x ) ! lanol94 ,cosmetic ,jelly4-- ,tragacan? 7:ite ribbon7 #fj gra9s ,rose wat] #ad ounces ,mac]ate = two days & /ra9 =cibly ?r\gh co>se musl9 or *eese #bcc clo?4 ,add glyc]9e & alcohol1 ( ea* #a ounce4 ,p]fume to suit4 ,use imm$iately aft] ba?+1 rubb+ 9 well until dry4 ,p]spir+ ,h&s4--,i4--,take rectifi$ eau de cologne1 #ej p>ts 7by weight72 belladonna dye1 #h p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #c p>ts2 rub g5tly twice or ?ree times a day ) half a tablespoonful ( ?is mixture4 ,"o may also employ *alk1 c>bonate ( magnesia1 rice />*1 hot & cold ba?s ( ! h&s 7z hot & z cold z c be borne71 dur+ #f m9utes1 foll[$ by a solution ( #d p>ts ( tann9 9 #cb ( glyc]9e4 ,,ii4--,rub ! h&s sev]al times p] day ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,by weight ,rose wat] #abe p>ts ,borax #aj p>ts ,glyc]9e #h p>ts ,h& ,blea*4--,lanol91 #cj p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #bj p>ts2 borax1 #aj p>ts2 eucalyptol1 #b p>ts2 ess5tial oil ( almonds1 #a "p4 ,aft] rubb+ ! h&s ) ?is mixture1 cov] !m ) gloves dur+ ! night4 ,= ! removal ( develop+ /a9s1 see ,photography4 ,,massage ,,creams3 ,massage ,application4-- ,:ite pota% soap1 %av$ #bj p>ts ,glyc]9e #cj p>ts ,wat] #cj p>ts ,alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 #aj p>ts ,dissolve ! soap by heat+ x ) ! glyc]9e & wat]1 mix$4 ,add ! alcohol1 & = e #cj ounces ( ! solution add #e or #f drops ( ! mi/ura oleoso balsamica1 ,g]man ,ph>macopia4 ,filt] :ile hot4 ,m$icat$ ,massage ,balls4--,!y are ! balls ( p>aff9e wax mold$ ) a smoo? or r\gh surface ) m5?ol1 camphor1 oil ( w9t]gre51 oil ( pepp]m9t1 etc41 add$ be=e %ap+4 ,specially useful 9 heada*es1 neuralgias1 & rheumatic affections1 & _m o!r afflictions ( ! sk9 & bones4 ,! me?od ( us+ !m is to roll ! ball ov] ! affect$ "p by ! aid ( ! palm ( ! h& ) pressure4 ,cont9ue until relief is obta9$ or a s5sation ( w>m?4 ,! only ext]nal me?od = ! treatm5t ( all k9ds ( heada*es is ! m5?ol m$icat$ massage ball4 ,?is may be made ) smoo? or corrugat$ surfaces4 ,keep wrapp$ 9 foil 9 cool places4 ,case9 ,massage ,cream4--,! basis ( ! mod]n massage cream is case94 ,case9 is n[ produc$ v *eaply 9 ! p[d]$ =m1 & by treatm5t ) glyc]9e & p]fumes x is possible to turn out a satisfactory cream4 ,! foll[+ =mula is sugge/$3 ,skimm$ milk #a gallon ,wat] ( ammonia #a ounce ,acetic acid #a ounce ,oil ( rose g]anium #a dra*m ,oil ( bitt] almond #a dra*m ,oil ( anise #b dra*ms ,cold cream 7see bel[71 en\gh4 ,c>m9e en\gh to color4 ,add ! wat] ( ammonia to ! milk & let x /& #bd h\rs4 ,!n add ! acetic acid & let x /& ano!r #bd h\rs4 ,!n /ra9 ?r\gh *eese clo? & add ! oils4 ,"w ?is ?or\ghly 9 a ,w$gwood mort>1 add+ en\gh c>m9e to color x a delicate p9k4 ,to ! product ?us obta9$ add an equal am\nt ( cold cream made by ! =mula h]e) giv53 ,:ite wax #d ounces ,sp]maceti #d ounces ,:ite petrolatum #ab ounces ,rose wat] #ad ounces ,borax #hj gra9s ,melt ! wax1 sp]maceti1 & petrolatum toge!r ov] a wat] ba?2 dissolve ! borax 9 ! rose wat] & add to ! melt$ mass at "o "t4 ,agitate viol5tly4 ,presumably ! borax solution %\ld be ( ! same temp]ature z ! melt$ mass4 ,massage ,sk9 ,foods4-- ,?is prep>ation is us$ 9 massage = remov+ wr9kles3 ,i4--,:ite wax #a_/b ounce ,sp]maceti #a_/b ounce ,cocoanut oil #a ounce ,lanol9 #a ounce ,oil ( sweet almonds #b ounces ,melt 9 a porcela9 di%1 remove f ! fire1 & add ,orange-fl[] wat] #a ounce ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #c drops ,beat briskly until creamy4 ,,ii4--,sn[-:ite cold cream #d ounces ,lanol9 #d ounces ,oil ( ,!obroma #d ounces ,:ite petrolatum oil #d ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #d ounces ,9 hot wea!r add ,sp]maceti #a #a_/b dra*ms ,:ite wax #b #a_/b dra*ms #bcd ,9 w9t] ! two latt] are left out & ! proportion ( cocoa butt] is modifi$4 ,prep>$ & p]fum$ 9 proportion same z cold cream4 ,,iii4--,:ite petrolatum #g av4 ounces ,p>aff9e wax #a_/b ounce ,lanol9 #b av4 ounces ,wat] #c fluid\nces ,oil ( rose #c drops ,vanill9 #b gra9s ,alcohol #a fluidra*m ,melt ! p>aff9e1 add ! lanol9 & petrolatum1 & :5 ^! h melt$ p\r ! mixture into a w>m mort>1 &1 ) con/ant /irr+1 incorporate ! wat]4 ,:5 ne>ly cold add ! oil & vanill91 dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol4 ,prep>ations ( ?is k9d %\ld be rubb$ into ! sk9 vigor\sly1 z friction assi/s ! absorb$ fat 9 develop+ ! muscles1 & also imp>ts s(tness & fullness to ! sk94 ,,sk9 ,,blea*es1 ,,balms1 ,,lotions1 ,,etc43 ,see also ,clean+ ,me?ods & ,photography = removal ( /a9s caus$ by photographic develop]s4 ,a/r+5t ,wa% = ,flabby ,sk94--,?is is us$ to correct co>se pores1 & to rem$y an oily or flabby sk94 ,apply ) sponge night & morn+3 ,cucumb] juice #a #a_/b ounces ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #a_/b ounce ,cologne #a ounce ,eld]-fl[] wat] #e ounces ,put ! t9cture ( b5zo9 9 an #h-ounce bottle1 add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 previ\sly mix$1 & %ake slightly4 ,!re w be "s precipitation ( b5zo9 9 ?is mixture1 b x w settle out1 or x may be /ra9$ out ?r\gh *eese clo?4 ,blea*+ ,sk9 ,salves4--,a sk9-blea*+ action1 due to ! pres5ce ( hydrog5 p]oxide1 is possess$ by ! foll[+ mixtures3 ,i4--,lanol9 #cj p>ts ,bitt] almond oil #aj p>ts ,mix & /ir ) ?is salve base a solution ( ,borax #a "p ,glyc]9e #ae p>ts ,hydrog5 p]oxide #ae p>ts ,= impure sk9 ! foll[+ composition is recomm5d$3 ,,ii4--,:ite m]curial o9tm5t #e grams ,z9c o9tm5t #e grams ,lanol9 #cj grams ,bitt] almond oil #aj grams ,& gradually /ir into ?is a solution ( ,borax #b grams ,glyc]9e #cj grams ,rose wat] #aj grams ,conc5trat$ nitric acid #e drops ,,iii4--,lanol9 #cj grams ,oil sweet almond #aj grams ,borax #a gram ,glyc]9e #ae grams ,solution hydrog5 p]oxide #ae grams ,mix ! lanol9 & oil1 !n incorporate ! borax previ\sly dissolv$ 9 ! mixture ( glyc]9e & p]oxide solution4 ,,iv4--,o9tm5t ammoniac m]cury #e grams ,o9tm5t z9c oxide #e grams ,lanol9 #cj grams ,oil sweet almond #aj grams ,borax #b grams ,glyc]9e #cj grams ,rose wat] #aj grams ,nitric acid1 ,c4 ,p4 #e drops ,prep>e 9 a simil> mann] z ! =ego+4 ,rose oil 9 ei!r o9tm5t makes a good p]fume4 ,bo? o9tm5ts may1 ( c\rse1 be employ$ z a g5]al sk9 blea*1 :i*1 9 fact1 is _! real (fice--cosmetic creams4 ,emolli5t ,sk9 ,balm4-- ,qu9ce se$ #a ounce ,wat] #g ounces ,glyc]9e #a #a_/b ounces ,alcohol #d #a_/b ounces ,salicylic acid #f gra9s ,c>bolic acid #aj gra9s ,oil ( bay #aj drops ,oil ( cloves #e drops ,oil ( orange peel #aj drops ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #h drops ,oil ( rose #b drops ,dige/ ! qu9ce se$ 9 ! wat] = #bd h\rs1 & !n press ?r\gh a clo?2 dissolve ! salicylic acid 9 ! alcohol2 add ! c>bolic acid to ! glyc]9e2 put all toge!r1 %ake well1 & bottle4 ,sk9 ,lotion4-- ,z9c sulphoc>bolate #cj gra9s ,alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 #d fluidra*ms ,glyc]9e #b fluidra*ms ,t9cture ( co*9eal #a fluidra*m ,orange-fl[] wat] #a #a_/b fluid\nces ,rose wat] 7triple7 to make #f fluid\nces #bce ,sk9 ,discoloration4--,discoloration ( ! neck may be remov$ by ! use ( acids1 ! simple/ ( :i* is t 9 butt]milk1 b if ! action ( ?is is too sl[ try #d ounces ( lactic acid1 #b ( glyc]9e1 & #a ( rose wat]4 ,^! w mix )\t heat+4 ,apply sev]al times daily ) a s(t l95 rag2 p\r a small quantity into a sauc] & dip ! clo? into ?is4 ,if ! sk9 becomes sore use less ( ! rem$y & allay ! r$ness & sm>t+ ) a good cold cream4 ,x is always an acid t removes freckles & discolorations1 by burn+ !m (f4 ,x is well to be sl[ 9 its use until y f9d h[ sev]e its action is4 ,x is n wise to try = home mak+ any ( ! prescriptions :i* include corrosive sublimate or any o!r deadly poison4 ,p]oxide ( hydrog5 dilut$ ) #e times z mu* wat]1 also w blea* discolorations4 ,d n try any ( ^! blea*es on a sk9 fre%ly sunburn$4 ,= t1 wa% 9 hot wat]1 or add to ! hot wat] application en\gh wit*-hazel to sc5t ! wat]1 & aft] t has dri$ into ! sk9 x w be soon en\gh to try o!r applications4 ,det]g5t = ,sk9 ,/a9s4--,moritz ,weiss has introduc$ a det]g5t pa/e :i* w remove /a9s f ! sk9 )\t attack+ x1 is non-poison\s1 & c be us$ )\t hot wat]4 ,moi/5 ! h&s ) a little cold wat]1 apply a small quantity ( ! pa/e to ! /a9$ sk91 rub ! h&s toge!r = a few m9utes1 & r9se ) cold wat]4 ,! prep>ation is a mixture ( s(t soap & h>d tall[1 melt$ toge!r ov] ! fire & incorporat$ ) a little em]y p[d]1 fl9t1 glass1 s&1 qu>tz1 pumice /one1 etc41 ) a little ess5tial oil to mask ! smell ( ! soap4 ,! mixture sets to a mass l putty1 b does n dry h>d4 ,! approximate proportions ( ! +r$i5ts are3 ,s(t soap1 #cj p] c5t2 tall[1 #ae p] c5t2 em]y p[d]1 #ee p] c5t1 & a few drops ( ess5tial oil4 ,if an extra det]g5t quality is desir$1 #d ounces ( sodium c>bonate may be add$1 & ! quantity ( soap may be r$uc$4 ,pa/e ?us made w attack grease1 etc41 m readily1 b x is h>d] on ! sk94 ,remov+ ,+r\nd ,dirt4-- ,egg album5 #h p>ts ,boric acid #a "p ,glyc]9e #cb p>ts ,p]fume to suit4 ,di/ill$ wat] to make #ej p>ts ,dissolve ! boric acid 9 a suffici5t quantity ( wat]2 mix ! album5 & glyc]9e & pass ?r\gh a silk /ra9]4 ,f9ally1 mix ! two fluids & add ! residue ( wat]4 ,e "t ! h&s are wa%$1 dry on a t[el1 & !n moi/5 !m lightly b ?or\ghly ) ! liquid1 & dry on a s(t t[el )\t rubb+4 ,at night1 on retir+1 apply ! mixture & wipe slightly or j en\gh to take up sup]flu\s liquid2 or1 bett] /ill1 sleep 9 a pair ( cotton gloves4 ,,toilet ,,creams3 ,almond ,cold ,creams4--,a liquid almond cream may be made by ! app5d$ =mula4 ,x has be5 kn[n z milk ( almond3 ,i4--,sweet almonds #e ounces ,:ite ca/ile soap #b dra*ms ,:ite wax #b dra*ms ,sp]maceti #b dra*ms ,oil ( bitt] almonds #aj m9ims ,oil ( b]gamot #bj m9ims ,alcohol #f fluid\nces ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,beat ! almonds 9 a smoo? mort> until z mu* divid$ z _! nature w admit2 !n gradually add wat] 9 v small quantities1 cont9u+ ! beat+ until a smoo? pa/e is obta9$2 add to ?is1 gradually1 "o p9t ( wat]1 /irr+ well all ! "t4 ,/ra9 ! result+ emulsion )\t pressure ?r\gh a cotton clo? previ\sly well wa%$ to remove all =eign matt]4 ,if new1 ! clo? w conta9 />*1 etc41 :i* mu/ be remov$4 ,add1 ?r\gh ! /ra9]1 en\gh wat] to br+ ! measure ( ! /ra9$ liquid to #a p9t4 ,:ile ?is op]ation is go+ on let ! soap be %av$ into ?9 ribbons1 & melt$1 ) en\gh wat] to cov] x1 ov] a v g5tle fire or on a wat] ba?4 ,:5 fluid add ! wax & sp]maceti 9 l>ge pieces1 s z to all[ !m to melt sl[ly1 & !reby bett] effect union ) ! soap4 ,/ir occasionally4 ,:5 all is melt$ place ! soapy mixture 9 a mort>1 run into x sl[ly ! emulsion1 bl5d+ ! two all ! :ile ) ! pe/le4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to add ! emulsion fa/] ?an x c be incorporat$ ) ! soap4 ,la/ly add ! alcohol 9 :i* ! p]fumes h be5 previ\sly dissolv$1 9 ! same mann]1 us+ great c>e4 ,?is prep>ation is tr\blesome to make & r exp5sive1 & x is p]haps no bett] = ! purpose ?an glyc]9e4 ,! mi/ake is (t5 made ( apply+ ! latt] too freely1 its 8/ick9ess0 be+ unpleasant1 & x is #bcf be/ to dilute x l>gely ) wat]4 ,su* a lotion may be made by mix+ ,glyc]9e #a "p ,rose wat] #i p>ts ,pla9 wat] may1 ( c\rse1 be us$ z ! dilu5t1 b a slightly p]fum$ prep>ation is g5]ally consid]$ m desirable4 ,! p]fume may easily be obta9$ by dissolv+ a v small proportion ( h&k]*ief 8extract0 or "s ess5tial oil 9 ! glyc]9e1 & !n mix+ ) pla9 wat]4 ,,ii4--,:ite wax #a_/d ounce ,sp]maceti #b #a_/b ounces ,oil ( sweet almonds #b #a_/b ounces ,melt1 remove f ! fire1 & add ,rose wat] #a #a_/b ounces ,beat until creamy3 n until cold4 ,:5 ! cream beg9s to ?ick5 add a few drops ( oil ( rose4 ,only ! f9e/ almond oil %\ld be us$4 ,be c>eful 9 weigh+ ! wax & sp]maceti4 ,^! precautions w insure a good product4 ,,iii4--,:ite wax #d ounces ,sp]maceti #c ounces ,sweet almond oil #f fluid\nces ,glyc]9e #d fluid\nces ,oil ( rose g]anium #a fluidra*m ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #d fluidra*ms ,melt ! wax & sp]maceti1 add ! oil ( sweet almonds1 !n beat 9 ! glyc]9e1 t9cture ( b5zo91 & oil ( rose g]anium4 ,:5 all are incorporat$ to a smoo?1 creamy mass1 p\r into molds4 ,,iv4--,sweet almonds1 blan*$ #e ounces ,ca/ile soap1 :ite #abj gra9s ,:ite wax #abj gra9s ,sp]maceti #abj gra9s ,oil ( bitt] almonds #aj drops ,oil ( b]gamot #bj drops ,alcohol #f fluid\nces ,wat]1 suffici5t4 ,make an emulsion ( ! almonds ) wat] s z to obta9 #af fluid\nces ( product1 /ra9+ ?r\gh cotton :i* has previ\sly be5 wa%$ to remove />*4 ,dissolve ! soap ) ! aid ( heat 9 ! necess>y am\nt ( wat] to =m a liquid1 add ! wax & sp]maceti1 cont9ue ! heat until ! latt] is melt$1 transf] to a mort>1 & incorporate ! almond emulsion sl[ly ) con/ant /irr+ until all has be5 add$ & a smoo? cream has be5 =m$4 ,f9ally1 add ! two volatile oils4 ,v4--,melt1 at mod]ate heat1 ,by weight4 ,:ite wax #ajj p>ts ,sp]maceti #a1jjj p>ts ,!n /ir 9 ,by weight4 ,almond oil #ejj p>ts ,rose wat] #bfj p>ts ,& sc5t ) ,by weight4 ,b]gamot oil #aj p>ts ,g]anium oil #e p>ts ,lemon oil #d p>ts ,by weight4 ,,vi4--,ca/or oil #ejj p>ts ,:ite wax #ajj p>ts ,almond oil #aej p>ts ,melt at mod]ate heat & sc5t ) ,by weight4 ,g]anium oil #f p>ts ,lemon oil #e p>ts ,b]gamot oil #aj p>ts ,by weight4 ,,vii4--,almond oil #djj p>ts ,lanol9e #bjj p>ts ,:ite wax #fj p>ts ,sp]maceti #fj p>ts ,rose wat] #cjj p>ts ,by weight4 ,,viii4--,:ite wax #f p>ts ,tall[1 fre%ly tri$ out #d p>ts ,sp]maceti #b p>ts ,oil ( sweet almonds #f p>ts ,melt toge!r & :ile /ill hot add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 #a "p ( sodium c>bonate dissolv$ 9 #gi p>ts ( hot wat]4 ,/ir until cold4 ,p]fume to ! ta/e4 ,,ix4--,o9tm5t ( rose wat] #a ounce ,oil ( sweet almonds4 #a fluid\nce ,glyc]9e #a fluid\nce ,boric acid #ajj gra9s ,solution ( soda #b #a_/d fluid\nces ,mucilage ( qu9ce se$4 #d fluid\nces ,wat] en\gh to make #dj fluid\nces ,oil ( rose1 oil ( bitt] almonds1 ( ea* suffici5t to p]fume4 ,heat ! o9tm5t1 oil1 & solution ( soda toge!r1 /irr+ con/antly until an emulsion or saponace\s mixture is #bcg =m$4 ,!n w>m toge!r ! glyc]9e1 acid1 & mucilage & ab\t #cj fluid\nces ( wat]2 mix ) ! emulsion1 /ir until cold1 & add ! rema9d] ( ! wat]4 ,la/ly1 add ! volatile oils4 ,! rose-wat] o9tm5t us$ %\ld be ! 8cold cream0 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopia4 ,x4--,sp]maceti #b ounces ,:ite wax #b ounces ,sweet almond oil #ad fluid\nces ,wat]1 di/ill$ #g fluid\nces ,borax1 p[d] #fj gra9s ,c\m>9 #a_/b gra9 ,oil ( b]gamot #bd drops ,oil ( rose #f drops ,oil ( bitt] almonds #h drops ,t9cture ( amb]gris #e drops ,melt ! sp]maceti & wax1 add ! sweet almond oil1 incorporate ! wat] 9 :i* ! borax has previ\sly be5 dissolv$1 & f9ally add ! oils ( b]gamot1 rose1 & bitt] almond4 ,,xi4--,honey #b av4 ounces ,ca/ile soap1 :ite p[d] #a av4 ounce ,oil sweet almonds #bf fluid\nces ,oil bitt] almonds #a fluidra*m ,oil b]gamot #a_/b fluidra*m ,oil cloves #ae drops ,p]u balsam #a fluidra*m ,liquor potassa4 ,solution c>m9e1 ( ea* suffici5t4 ,mix ! honey ) ! soap 9 a mort>1 & add en\gh liquor potassa 7ab\t #a fluidra*m7 to produce a nice cream4 ,mix ! volatile oils & balsam ) ! sweet almond oil1 mix ?is ) ! cream1 & cont9ue ! trituration until ?or\ghly mix$4 ,f9ally add1 if desir$1 en\gh c>m9e solution to imp>t a rose t9t4 ,,xii4--,:ite wax #hjj p>ts ,sp]maceti #hjj p>ts ,sweet almond oil #e1fjj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #b1hjj p>ts ,borax #ej p>ts ,b]gamot oil #bj p>ts ,att> ( rose #e p>ts ,c\m>9 #j4a "p ,add = ea* p\nd ( ! cream #e drops ( e!ric oil ( bitt] almonds1 & #c drops t9cture ( ambra4 ,proce$ z 9 mak+ cold cream4 ,! foll[+ also makes a f9e cream3 ,,xiii4--,sp]maceti #c p>ts ,:ite wax #b p>ts ,oil ( almonds1 fre% #ab p>ts ,rose wat]1 d\ble #a "p ,glyc]9e1 pure #a "p ,melt on a wat] ba? ! sp]maceti & wax1 add ! oil 7:i* %\ld be fre%71 & p\r ! :ole into a slightly w>m$ mort>1 "u con/ant & lively /irr+1 to prev5t granulation4 ,cont9ue ! trituration until ! mass has a :ite1 creamy appe>ance1 & is ab\t ! consi/5ce ( butt] at ord9>y temp]ature4 ,add1 little by little1 "u con/ant /irr+1 ! orange-fl[] wat] & glyc]9e mix$1 & f9ally ! p]fume z be=e4 ,cont9ue ! /irr+ = #ae or #bj m9utes1 !n imm$iately put into conta9]s4 ,*app9e ,cream4-- ,qu9ce se$ #b dra*ms ,glyc]9e #a #a_/b ounces ,wat] #a #a_/b ounces ,lead acetate #aj gra9s ,flavor+1 suffici5t4 ,mac]ate ! qu9ce se$ 9 wat]1 /ra91 add ! glyc]9e & lead acetate1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 suffici5t wat]2 flavor ) jockey club or orange ess5ce4 ,cucumb] ,creams4-- ,i4--,:ite wax #c ounces ,sp]maceti #c ounces ,b5zo9at$ l>d #h ounces ,cucumb]s #c ounces ,melt toge!r ! wax1 sp]maceti1 & l>d1 & infuse 9 ! liquid ! cucumb]s previ\sly grat$4 ,all[ to cool1 /irr+ well2 let /& a day1 remelt1 /ra9 & aga9 /ir ! 8cream0 until cold4 ,,ii4--,b5zo9at$ l>d #e ounces ,suet #c ounces ,cucumb] juice #aj ounces ,proce$ z 9 mak+ cold cream4 ,glyc]9e ,creams4-- ,i4--,oil ( sweet almonds #ajj p>ts ,:ite wax #ac p>ts ,glyc]9e1 pure #be p>ts ,add a suffici5t quantity ( any suitable p]fume4 ,melt1 on ! wat] ba?1 ! oil1 wax1 & glyc]9e toge!r1 remove & z ! mass cools d[n add ! p]fume 9 suffici5t quantity to make a creamy mass4 #bch ,,ii4--,qu9ce se$ #a ounce ,boric acid #af gra9s ,/>* #a ounce ,glyc]9e #af ounces ,c>bolic acid #cj m9ims ,alcohol #ab ounces ,oil ( lav5d] #cj m9ims ,oil ( rose #aj drops ,extract ( :ite rose #a ounce ,wat] en\gh to make #fd ounces ,dissolve ! boric acid 9 a qu>t ( wat] & 9 ?is solution mac]ate ! qu9ce se$ = #c h\rs2 !n /ra94 ,heat toge!r ! />* & ! glyc]9e until ! />* granules are brok51 & mix ) ?is ! c>bolic acid4 ,dissolve ! oils & ! extract ( rose 9 ! alcohol1 & add to ! qu9ce-se$ mucilage2 !n mix all toge!r1 /ra91 & add wat] en\gh to make ! product weigh #fd ounces4 ,,iii4--,glyc]9e #a ounce ,borax #b dra*ms ,boracic acid #a dra*m ,oil rose g]anium #cj drops ,oil bitt] almond #ae drops ,milk #a gallon ,heat ! milk until x curdles & all[ x to /& #ab h\rs4 ,/ra9 x ?r\gh *eese clo? & all[ x to /& aga9 = #ab h\rs4 ,mix 9 ! salts & glyc]9e & triturate 9 a mort>1 f9ally add+ ! odors & color+ if want$4 ,! curdl$ milk mu/ be entirely free f wat] to avoid sep>ation4 ,if ! milk w n curdle fa/ en\gh ! addition ( #a ounce ( wat] ammonia to a gallon w ha/5 x4 ,take a gallon ( milk1 add #a ounce ammonia wat]1 heat 7n boil71 all[ to /& #bd h\rs1 & no tr\ble w be f\nd 9 =m+ a good base = ! cream4 ,,iv4--,?is is (f]$ z a sub/itute = cucumb] cream = toilet uses4 ,melt #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( gelat9 9 hot wat] conta9+ #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( boracic acid z well z #aej p>ts1 by weight1 ( glyc]9e2 ! total am\nt ( wat] us$ %\ld n exce$ #cjj p>ts1 by weight4 ,x may be p]fum$ or n4 ,lanol9 ,creams4-- ,i4--,anhydr\s lanol9 #fej p>ts ,pea*-k]nel oil #bjj p>ts ,wat] #aej p>ts ,p]fume ) ab\t #ae drops ( ionone or #bj drops ( syn!tic ylang-ylang4 ,,ii4--,lanol9 #dj p>ts ,olive oil #ae p>ts ,p>aff9e o9tm5t #aj p>ts ,aqua naph #aj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ae p>ts ,glyc]9e #e p>ts ,boric acid #d p>ts ,borax #d p>ts ,g]anium oil1 suffici5t4 ,extract1 triple1 ( ylang-ylang1 quantity suffici5t4 ,,iii4--,anhydr\s lanol9 #fej dra*ms ,almond oil #bjj dra*ms ,wat] #aej dra*ms ,oil ( ylang-ylang #e drops ,prep>ations :i* h be5 introduc$ ye>s ago = ! c>e ( ! sk9 & complexion are ! glyc]9e geles1 :i* h ! advantage ov] lanol9 t !y g fur!r1 b pres5t ! drawback ( n be+ s quickly absorb$ by ! sk94 ,^! products are fill$ ei!r into glasses or into tubes4 ,! latt] way is pref]able & is m & m adopt$1 ow+ to ! conv5i5ce ( h&l+4 ,a good recipe = su* a gele is ! foll[+3 ,moi/5 :ite tragacan? p[d]1 #ej p>ts1 ) glyc]9e1 #bjj p>ts1 & _s ( w9e1 #ajj p>ts1 & %ake ) a suitable am\nt ( p]fume2 !n quickly mix & %ake ) w>m di/ill$ wat]1 #fej p>ts4 ,a transp>5t slime w =m imm$iately :i* c be drawn (f at once4 ,mucilage ,creams4-- ,i4--,/>* #cj p>ts ,c>rage5 mucilage #dhj p>ts ,boric acid #ae p>ts ,glyc]9e #bdj p>ts ,cologne wat] #bdj p>ts ,boil ! />* 9 ! c>rage5 mucilage1 add ! boric acid & ! glyc]9e4 ,let cool1 & add ! cologne wat]4 ,,ii4--,l9se$ mucilage #bdj p>ts ,boric acid #b p>ts ,salicylic acid #a4c p>ts ,glyc]9e #fj p>ts ,cologne wat] #abj p>ts ,rose wat] #abj p>ts ,in/ead ( ! cologne wat] any extracts may be us$4 ,lilac & ylang-ylang are recomm5d$4 ,wit*-,hazel ,creams4-- ,i4--,qu9ce se$ #ij gra9s ,boric acid #h gra9s ,glyc]9e #d fluid\nces ,alcohol #f fluid\nces ,c>bolic acid #f dra*ms ,cologne wat] #d fluid\nces ,oil lav5d] fl[]s #dj drops #bci ,glyc]ite />* #d av4 ounces ,di/ill$ wit*-hazel extract en\gh to make #cb fluid\nces4 ,dissolve ! boric acid 9 #af ounces ( ! wit*-hazel extract1 mac]ate ! qu9ce se$ 9 ! solution = #c h\rs1 /ra91 add ! glyc]9e1 c>bolic acid1 & glyc]ite1 & mix well4 ,mix ! alcohol1 cologne wat]1 lav5d] oil1 & mucilages1 incorporate ) ! previ\s mixture1 & add en\gh wit*-hazel extract to br+ to ! measure ( #cb fluid\nces4 ,,ii4--,qu9ce se$ #d ounces ,hot wat] #af ounces ,glyc]9e #cb ounces ,wit*-hazel wat] #abh ounces ,boric acid #f ounces ,rose extract #b ounces ,violet extract #a ounce ,mac]ate ! qu9ce se$ 9 ! hot wat]2 add ! glyc]9e & wit*-hazel1 9 :i* ! boric acid has be5 previ\sly dissolv$2 let ! mixture /& = #b days1 /irr+ occasionally2 /ra9 & add ! p]fume4 ,sk9 ,cream = ,collapsible ,tubes4-- ,i4--,:ite vasel9e #f ounces ,:ite wax #a ounce ,sp]maceti #e dra*ms ,sub*loride bismu? #f dra*ms ,att> ( rose #f m9ims ,oil ( bitt] almonds #a m9im ,rectifi$ _s #a_/b ounce ,melt ! vasel9e1 wax1 & sp]maceti toge!r1 & :ile cool+ incorporate ! sub*loride ( bismu? 79 w>m mort>74 ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol1 & add to ! fatty mixture1 /irr+ all until uni=m & cold4 ,9 cold wea!r ! quantities ( wax & sp]maceti may be r$uc$4 ,,ii4--,lanol9 #a ounce ,almond oil #a ounce ,oleate ( z9c 7p[d]7 #c dra*ms ,extract ( :ite rose #a #a_/b dra*ms ,glyc]9e #b dra*ms ,rose wat] #b dra*ms ,face ,cream ,)\t ,grease4-- ,qu9ce se$ #aj p>ts ,boil+ wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,borax #e p>ts ,boric acid #e p>ts ,glyc]9e #ajj p>ts ,alcohol1 #id p] c5t #abe p>ts ,att> ( rose1 quantity suffici5t to p]fume4 ,mac]ate ! qu9ce se$ 9 half ( ! boil+ wat]1 ) frequ5t agitations1 = #b h\rs & #cj m9utes1 !n /ra9 (f4 ,9 ! residue ( ! boil+ wat] dissolve ! borax & boric acid1 add ! glyc]9e & ! p]fume1 ! latt] dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol4 ,n[ add1 little by little1 ! colate ( qu9ce se$1 "u con/ant agitation1 :i* %\ld be kept up = #e m9utes aft] ! la/ portion ( ! colate is add$4 ,,toilet ,,milks3 ,cucumb] ,milk4-- ,simple c]ate #b p\nds ,p[d]$ borax #aa #a_/b ounces ,p[d]$ ca/ile soap #aj ounces ,glyc]9e #bf ounces ,alcohol #bd ounces ,cucumb] juice #cb ounces ,wat] to #e gallons ,ionone #a dra*m ,jasm9e #a_/b dra*m ,n]oli #a_/b dra*m ,rhod9ol #ae m9ims ,to ! melt$ c]ate 9 a hot wat] ba? add ! soap & /ir well1 keep+ up ! heat until p]fectly mix$4 ,add #h ounces ( borax to #a gallon ( boil+ wat]1 & p\r gradually into ! hot melt$ soap & c]ate2 add ! rema9d] ( ! borax & hot wat]1 !n ! heat$ juice & glyc]9e1 & la/ly ! alcohol4 ,%ake well :ile cool+1 set aside = #dh h\rs1 & siphon (f any wat] t may sep>ate4 ,%ake well1 & repeat aft] /&+ aga9 if necess>y2 !n p]fume4 ,cucumb] ,juice4--,x is well to make a l>ge quantity1 z x keeps indef9itely4 ,wa%$ unpeel$ cucumb]s are grat$ & press$2 ! juice is heat$1 skimm$ & boil$ = #e m9utes1 !n cool$ & filt]$4 ,add #a "p ( alcohol to #b p>ts ( juice1 let /& = #ab h\rs or m1 & filt] until cle>4 ,glyc]9e ,milk4-- ,glyc]9e #a1aej p>ts ,/>*1 p[d]$ #afj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #djj p>ts ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #bj p>ts ,rub up #hj p>ts ( ! />* ) ! glyc]9e1 !n put ! mixture on ! /eam ba? & heat1 "u cont9u\s /irr+1 until x =ms a jellylike mass4 ,remove f ! ba? & /ir 9 ! rema9d] ( ! />*4 ,f9ally1 add ! wat] & t9cture & /ir till homog5e\s4 ,lanol9 ,toilet ,milk4-- ,:ite ca/ile soap1 p[d]$ #bb gra9s ,lanol9 #a ounce ,t9cture b5zo9 #ab dra*ms ,wat]1 en\gh4 #bdj ,dissolve ! soap 9 #b fluid\nces ( w>m wat]1 also mix ! lanol9 ) #b fluid\nces ( w>m wat]2 !n incorporate ! two ) ea* o!r1 f9ally add+ ! t9cture4 ,! latt] may be replac$ by #ij gra9s ( p[d]$ borax4 ,jasm9e ,milk4--,to #be p>ts ( wat] add gradually1 ) con/ant /irr+1 #a "p ( z9c :ite1 #b qu>ts ( gra9 _s1 & #j4ae to #j4be "p ( glyc]9e2 f9ally /ir 9 #j4jg to #j4aj "p ( jasm9e ess5ce4 ,filt] ! mixture & fill into glass bottles4 ,= use z a cosmetic1 rub on ! raspb]ry pa/e on retir+ at night1 & 9 ! morn+ use ! jasm9e milk to remove ! pa/e f ! sk94 ,! two "w toge!r 9 _! effect4 ,,sunburn ,,& ,,freckle ,,rem$ies4 ,i4--,apply ov] ! affect$ sk9 a solution ( corrosive sublimate1 #a 9 #ejj1 or1 if ! pati5t c /& x1 #a 9 #cjj1 morn+ & ev5+1 & = ! night apply empla/rum hydr>gyri compositum to ! spots4 ,9 ! morn+ remove ! pla/] & all remnants ( x by rubb+ fre% butt] or cold cream ov] ! spots4 ,= r$ness ( ! sk9 apply ea* o!r day z9c oxide o9tm5t or o9tm5t ( bismu? subnitrate4 ,,ii4--,besni] recomm5ds removal ( ! m]curial o9tm5t ) gre5 soap1 & ! use1 at night1 ( an o9tm5t compos$ ( vasel9e & ,vigo's pla/] 7empla/rum hydr>gyri compositum71 9 equal p>ts4 ,9 ! morn+ wa% (f ) soap & w>m wat]1 & apply ! foll[+3 ,vasel9e1 :ite #bj p>ts ,bismu? c>bonate #e p>ts ,kaol9 #e p>ts ,mix1 & make an o9tm5t4 ,,iii4--,leloir has f\nd ! foll[+ ( s]vice4 ,clean ! affect$ "p ) gre5 soap or ) alcohol1 & !n apply sev]al coats ( ! foll[+3 ,acid *rysophanic #ae p>ts ,*lor(orm #ajj p>ts ,mix4 ,apply ) a camel's-hair p5cil4 ,:5 ! application dries ?or\ghly1 g ov] x ) a lay] ( traumatic9e4 ,?is application w loos5 itself 9 sev]al days1 :5 ! process %\ld be repeat$4 ,,iv4--,:5 ! sk9 is only slightly discolor$ use a pomade ( salicylic acid1 or apply ! foll[+3 ,acid *rysophanic1 f #a to #d p>ts ,acid salicylic #a to #b p>ts ,collodion #dj p>ts ,v4--,:5 !re is ne$ = a m complicat$ treatm5t1 ! foll[+ is us$3 7a7 ,corrosive sublimate #a "p ,orange-fl[] wat] #g1ejj p>ts ,acid1 hydro*loric1 dilute #ejj p>ts 7b7 ,bitt] almonds #d1ejj p>ts ,glyc]9e #b1ejj p>ts ,orange-fl[] wat] #be1jjj p>ts ,rub up to an emulsion 9 a porcela9 capsule4 ,filt] & add1 drop by drop1 & "u con/ant /irr+1 #e grams ( t9cture ( b5zo94 ,f9ally mix ! two solutions1 add+ ! second to ! fir/4 ,?is prep>ation is appli$ ) a sponge1 on retir+1 to ! affect$ places1 & all[$ to dry on4 ,,vi4--,accord+ to ,brocq ! foll[+ %\ld be p5cil$ ov] ! affect$ spots3 ,fre% pure milk #ej p>ts ,glyc]9e #cj p>ts ,acid1 hydro*loric1 conc5trat$ #e p>ts ,ammonium *lorate #c p>ts ,,vii4--,o!r ext]nal rem$ies t may be us$ are lactic acid dilut$ ) #c volumes ( wat]1 appli$ ) a glass rod2 dilute nitric acid1 &1 f9ally1 p]oxide ( hydrog51 :i* la/ is a v p[]ful ag5t4 ,%\ld x cause too mu* inflammation1 ! latt] may be assuag$ by us+ an o9tm5t ( z9c oxide or bismu? subnitrate--or "o may use ! foll[+3 ,kaol9 #d p>ts ,vasel9e #aj p>ts ,glyc]9e #d p>ts ,magnesium c>bonate #b p>ts ,z9c oxide #b p>ts ,freckle ,rem$ies4-- ,i4--,poppy oil #a "p ,lead acetate #b p>ts ,t9cture b5zo9 #a "p ,t9cture quillaia #e p>ts ,_s nitr\s e!r #a "p ,rose wat] #ie p>ts ,saponify ! oil ) ! lead acetate2 add ! rose wat]1 & foll[ ) ! t9ctures4 ,,ii4--,*loral hydrate #b dra*ms ,c>bolic acid #a dra*m #bda ,t9cture iod9e #fj drops ,glyc]9e #a ounce ,mix & dissolve4 ,apply ) a camel's-hair p5cil at night4 ,,iii4--,di/ill$ v9eg> #ffj p>ts ,lemons1 cut 9 small pieces #ace p>ts ,alcohol1 #he p] c5t #hh p>ts ,lav5d] oil #bc p>ts ,wat] #hh p>ts ,citron oil #f p>ts ,?is mixture is all[$ to /& = #c or #d days 9 ! sun & filt]$4 ,coat1 by means ( a sponge be=e retir+1 ! places ( ! sk9 :]e ! freckles are & all[ to dry4 ,freckles & ,liv] ,spots4--,mod]n d]matological me?ods ( treat+ freckles & liv] spots are bas$ p>tly on rem$ies t cause desquamation & ^? t depigm5tate 7or de/roy or neutralize pigm5tation74 ,bo? me?ods may be di/+ui%$ 9 respect to _! effects & mode ( us+ into ! foll[+3 ,! active +r$i5ts ( ! desquamative pa/es are r$uctives :i* promote ! =mation ( epi!lium & h5ce exp$ite desquamation4 ,!re are _m su* me?ods1 & especially to be m5tion$ is t ( ,unna1 :o uses resorc9 = ! purpose4 ,lass> makes use ( a pa/e ( naph?ol & sulphur4 ,sunburn ,rem$ies4-- ,i4--,z9c sulphoc>bolate #a "p ,glyc]9e4 #bj p>ts ,rose wat] #gj p>ts ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #h p>ts ,cologne wat] #a "p ,_s ( camphor #a "p ,,ii4--,borax #d p>ts ,potassium *lorate #b p>ts ,glyc]9e #aj p>ts ,alcohol #d p>ts ,rose wat] to make #ij p>ts ,,iii4--,citric acid #b dra*ms ,f]r\s sulphate 7cry/47 #ah gra9s ,camphor #b gra9s ,eld]-fl[] wat] #c fluid\nces ,,iv4--,potassium c>bonate #c p>ts ,sodium *loride #b p>ts ,orange-fl[] wat] #ae p>ts ,rose wat] #fe p>ts ,v4--,boroglyc]9e1 #ej p] c5t #a "p ,o9tm5t ( rose wat] #i p>ts ,,vi4--,sodium bic>bonate #a "p ,o9tm5t ( rose wat] #g p>ts ,,vii4--,bic>bonate ( soda #b dra*ms ,p[d]$ borax #a dra*m ,comp\nd t9cture ( lav5d] #a #a_/b dra*ms ,glyc]9e #a ounce ,rose wat] #d ounces ,dissolve ! soda & borax 9 ! glyc]9e & rose wat]1 & add ! t9cture4 ,apply ) a small piece ( sponge #b or #c times a day4 ,!n g5tly dry by dabb+ ) a s(t t[el4 ,,viii4--,qu9ce se$s #b dra*ms ,di/ill$ wat] #aj ounces ,glyc]9e #b ounces ,alcohol1 #id p] c5t #a ounce ,rose wat] #b ounces ,boil ! se$s 9 ! wat] = #aj m9utes1 !n /ra9 (f ! liquid1 & :5 cold add to x ! glyc]9e1 alcohol1 & rose wat]4 ,,ix4--,:ite s(t soap #b #a_/b dra*ms ,glyc]9e #a #a_/b dra*ms ,almond oil #aa dra*ms ,well mix ! glyc]9e & soap 9 a mort>1 & v gradually add ! oil1 /irr+ con/antly until p]fectly mix$4 ,x4--,subnitrate ( bismu? #a #a_/b dra*ms ,p[d]$ ,fr5* *alk #cj gra9s ,glyc]9e #b dra*ms ,rose wat] #a #a_/b ounces ,mix ! p[d]s1 & rub d[n c>efully ) ! glyc]9e2 !n add ! rose wat]4 ,%ake ! bottle be=e use4 ,,xi4--,glyc]9e cream #b dra*ms ,jordan almonds #d dra*ms ,rose wat] #e ounces ,ess5tial oil ( almonds #c drops ,blan* ! almonds1 & !n dry & beat !m up into a p]fectly smoo? pa/e2 !n mix 9 ! glyc]9e cream & ess5tial oil4 ,gradually add ! rose wat]1 /irr+ well aft] ea* addition2 !n /ra9 ?r\gh musl94 ,tan & ,freckle ,lotion4-- ,solution ,a3 ,potassium iodide1 iod9e1 glyc]9e1 & infusion rose4 ,dissolve ! potassium iodide 9 a #bdb small quantity ( ! infusion & a dra*m ( ! glyc]9e2 ) ?is fluid moi/5 ! iod9e 9 a glass ( wat] & rub x d[n1 gradually add+ m liquid1 until complete solution has be5 obta9$2 !n /ir 9 ! rema9d] ( ! +r$i5ts1 & bottle ! mixture4 ,solution ,b3 ,sodium ?iosulphate & rose wat]4 ,) a small camel's-hair p5cil or piece ( f9e sponge apply a little ( solution ,a to ! tann$ or freckl$ surface1 until a slight or tol]ably uni=m br[ni% yell[ sk9 has be5 produc$4 ,at ! expiration ( #ae or #bj m9utes moi/5 a piece ( cambric1 l9t1 or s(t rag ) ,b & lay x ^u ! affect$ "p1 remov+1 squeez+ away ! liquid1 soak+ x afre%1 & aga9 apply+ until ! iod9e /a9 has disappe>$4 ,repeat ! process ?rice daily1 b dim9i% ! frequ5cy ( application if t5d]ness be produc$4 ,a ,cure = ,tan4--,bi*loride ( m]cury1 9 co>se p[d]1 #aj gra9s2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a p9t4 ,agitate ! two toge!r until a complete solution is obta9$4 ,add #a_/b ounce ( glyc]9e4 ,apply ) a small sponge z (t5 z agreeable4 ,?is is n /rong en\gh to bli/] & sk9 ! face 9 av]age cases4 ,x may be increas$ or r$uc$ 9 /r5g? by add+ to or tak+ f ! am\nt ( bi*loride ( m]cury4 ,d n =get t ?is la/ +r$i5t is a p[]ful poison & %\ld be kept out ( ! rea* ( *ildr5 & ignorant p]sons4 ,improv$ ,c>ron ,oil4--,sup]ior to ! old & m suitable4 ,a desirable prep>ation = burns1 tan1 freckle1 sunburn1 scalds1 abrasions1 or lung affections4 ,does n oxidize s quickly or dry up s rapidly & less liable to rancidity4 ,l9se$ oil #b ounces ,limewat] #b ounces ,p>aff9e1 liquid #a ounce ,mix ! l9se$ oil & wat]1 & add ! p>aff9e4 ,%ake well be=e us+4 ,,liv] ,,spots4 ,i4--,corrosive sublimate #a "p ,:ite sug> #aij p>ts ,:ite ( egg #cd p>ts ,lemon juice #bge p>ts ,wat] to make #b1ejj p>ts ,mix ! sublimate1 sug>1 & album5 intimately1 !n add ! lemon juice & wat]4 ,dissolve1 %ake well1 & aft] /&+ an h\r1 filt]4 ,apply 9 ! morn+ aft] ! usual ablutions1 & let dry on ! face4 ,,ii4--,bi*loride ( m]cury1 9 co>se p[d]1 #h gra9s2 wit*-hazel1 #b ounces2 rose wat]1 #b ounces4 ,agitate until a solution is obta9$4 ,mop ov] ! affect$ p>ts4 ,keep out ( ! way ( ignorant p]sons & *ildr54 ,,toilet ,,p[d]s3 ,almond ,p[d]s = ! ,toilet4-- ,i4--,almond meal #f1jjj p>ts ,bran meal #c1jjj p>ts ,soap p[d] #fjj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #ej p>ts ,lemon oil #ae p>ts ,clove oil #ae p>ts ,n]oli oil #f p>ts ,,ii4--,almond meal #g1jjj p>ts ,bran meal #b1jjj p>ts ,violet root #ijj p>ts ,borax #cej p>ts ,bitt] almond oil #ah p>ts ,palm>osa oil #cf p>ts ,b]gamot oil #aj p>ts ,,iii4--,almond meal #c1jjj p>ts ,bran meal #c1jjj p>ts ,:eat fl\r #c1jjj p>ts ,s& #ajj p>ts ,lemon oil #dj p>ts ,bitt] almond oil #aj p>ts ,ba? ,p[d]4-- ,borax #d ounces ,salicylic acid #a dra*m ,extract ( cassia #a dra*m ,extract ( jasm9e #a dra*m ,oil ( lav5d] #bj m9ims ,rub ! oil & extracts ) ! borax & salicylic acid until ! alcohol has evaporat$4 ,use a heap+ teaspoonful to ! body ba?4 ,brunette or ,ra*elle4-- ,base #i p\nds ,p[d]$ ,flor5t9e orris #a p\nd ,p]fume ! same4 ,p[d]$ yell[ o*] 7av47 #c ounces #abj gra9s ,c>m9e ,no4 #dj #fj gra9s ,rub d[n ! c>m9e & o*] ) alcohol 9 a mort>1 & spread on glass to dry2 !n mix & sift4 ,violet ,p\dre de ,riz4-- ,i4--,corn/>* #g p\nds ,rice fl\r #a p\nd ,p[d]$ talc #a p\nd ,p[d]$ orris root #a p\nd ,extract ( cassia #c ounces ,extract ( jasm9e #a ounce #bdc ,,ii4--,*eap]4 ,potato />* #h p\nds ,p[d]$ talc #a p\nd ,p[d]$ orris #a p\nd ,extract ( cassia #c ounces ,b>b]'s ,p[d]4-- ,corn/>* #e p\nds ,precipitat$ *alk #c p\nds ,p[d]$ talc #b p\nds ,oil ( n]oli #a dra*m ,oil ( c$rat #a dra*m ,oil ( orange #b dra*ms ,extract ( jasm9e #a ounce ,rose ,p\dre de ,riz4-- ,i4--,corn/>* #i p\nds ,p[d]$ talc #a p\nd ,oil ( rose #a #a_/d dra*ms ,extract ( jasm9e #f dra*ms ,,ii4--,potato />* #i p\nds ,p[d]$ talc #a p\nd ,oil ( rose #a_/b dra*m ,extract ( jasm9e #a_/b ounce ,ideal ,cosmetic ,p[d]4--,! foll[+ comb9es ! be/ qualities t a p[d] = ! sk9 %\ld h3 ,z9c1 :ite #ej p>ts ,calcium c>bonate1 precipitat$ #cjj p>ts ,/eatite1 be/ :ite #ej p>ts ,/>*1 :eat1 or rice #ajj p>ts ,extract :ite rose1 triple #c p>ts ,extract jasm9e1 triple #c p>ts ,extract orange fl[]1 triple #c p>ts ,extract ( cassia1 triple #c p>ts ,t9cture ( myrrh #a "p ,p[d] ! solids & mix ?or\ghly by repeat$ sift+s4 ,fle% ,face ,p[d]4-- ,base #i p\nds ,p[d]$ ,flor5t9e orris #a p\nd ,c>m9e ,no4 #dj #bej gra9s ,extract ( jasm9e #ajj m9ims ,oil ( n]oli #bj m9ims ,vanill9 #e gra9s ,artificial musk #cj gra9s ,:ite heliotrop9 #cj gra9s ,c\m>9 #a gra9 ,rub ! c>m9e ) a portion ( ! base & alcohol 9 a mort>1 mix+ ! p]fume ! same way 9 ano!r l>ge mort>1 & add+ ! orris4 ,mix & sift all until specks ( c>m9e disappe> on rubb+4 ,:ite ,face ,p[d]4-- ,base #i p\nds ,p[d]$ ,flor5t9e orris #a p\nd ,p]fume ! same4 ,mix & sift4 ,talcum ,p[d]s4--,talc1 :5 us$ z a toilet p[d] %\ld be 9 a /ate ( v f9e division4 ,antiseptics are sometimes add$ 9 small proportion1 b ^! are presumably ( little or no value 9 ! quantity all[able1 & may prove irritat+4 ,= g5]al use1 at all ev5ts1 ! talcum alone is ! be/ & ! safe/4 ,z a p]fume1 rose oil may be employ$1 b on acc\nt ( its co/1 rose g]anium oil is probably m frequ5tly us$4 ,a satisfactory proportion is #a_/b dra*m ( ! oil to a p\nd ( ! p[d]4 ,9 ord] t ! p]fume may be ?or\ghly dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! p[d]1 ! oil %\ld be triturat$ fir/ ) a small portion ( x2 ?is %\ld !n be fur!r triturat$ ) a l>g] portion1 &1 if ! quantity op]at$ on be l>ge1 ! f9al mix+ may be effect$ by sift+4 ,_m odors besides t ( rose w\ld be suitable = a toilet p[d]4 ,ylang-ylang w\ld d\btless prove v attractive1 b exp5sive4 ,! foll[+ =mulas = o!r v>ieties ( ! p[d] may prove useful3 ,violet ,talc4-- ,i4--,p[d]$ talc #ad ounces ,p[d]$ orris root #b ounces ,extract ( cassia #a_/b ounce ,extract ( jasm9e #a_/d ounce ,rose ,talc4-- ,,ii4--,p[d]$ talc #e p\nds ,oil ( rose #a_/b dra*m ,extract ( jasm9e #d ounces ,tea-,rose ,talc4-- ,,iii4--,p[d]$ talc #e p\nds ,oil ( rose #ej drops ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #d drops ,extract ( jasm9e #b ounces ,borat$ ,apple ,blossom4-- ,,iv4--,p[d]$ talc #bb p\nds ,magnesium c>bonate #b #c_/d p\nds ,p[d]$ boric acid #a p\nd ,mix4 ,c>nation p9k blossom 7,s*immel's7 #b ounces ,extract ( trefle #b dra*ms ,to #ab dra*ms ( ?is mixture add3 ,n]oli #a dra*m ,vanill9 #a_/b dra*m ,alcohol to #c ounces ,suffici5t = #be p\nds4 #bdd ,v4--,talcum #h ounces ,/>* #h ounces ,oil ( n]oli #aj drops ,oil ( ylang-ylang #e drops ,,vi4--,talcum #ab ounces ,/>* #d ounces ,orris root #b ounces ,oil ( b]gamot #ab drops ,,vii4--,talcum #ad ounces ,/>* #b ounces ,lanol9 #a_/b ounce ,oil ( rose #aj drops ,oil ( n]oli #e drops ,,toilet ,,v9eg>s3 ,pumillo ,toilet ,v9eg>4-- ,alcohol1 #hj p] c5t #a1fjj p>ts ,v9eg>1 #aj p] c5t #hdj p>ts ,oil ( p9u spumillo #dd p>ts ,oil ( lav5d] #d p>ts ,oil ( lemon #b p>ts ,oil ( b]gamot #b p>ts ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol1 add ! v9eg>1 let /& = a week & filt]4 ,v9aigre ,r\ge4-- ,acetic acid #bd p>ts ,alum #c p>ts ,p]u balsam #a "p ,c>m9e1 ,no4 #dj #ab p>ts ,ammonia wat] #f p>ts ,rose wat]1 di/ill$ #ege p>ts ,alcohol #a1bej p>ts ,dissolve ! balsam ( ,p]u 9 ! alcohol1 & ! alum 9 ! rose wat]4 ,mix ! two solutions1 add ! acetic acid1 & let /& ov]night4 ,dissolve ! c>m9e 9 ! ammonia wat] & add to mixture4 ,%ake ?or\ghly1 let /& = a few m9utes1 !n decant4 ,,toilet ,,wat]s3 8,beauty ,wat]40-- ,fre% egg album5 #ejj p>ts ,alcohol #abe p>ts ,lemon oil #b p>ts ,lav5d] oil #b p>ts ,oil ( ?yme #b p>ts ,mix ! +r$i5ts well toge!r4 ,:5 fir/ mix$ ! liquid becomes floccul5t1 b aft] /&+ = #b or #c days cle>s up--sometimes becomes p]fectly cle>1 & may be decant$4 ,x =ms a light1 amb]-color$ liquid t rema9s cle> = mon?s4 ,at night1 be=e retir+1 p\r ab\t a teaspoonful ( ! wat] 9 ! palm ( ! h&1 & rub x ov] ! face & neck1 lett+ x dry on4 ,9 ! morn+1 ab\t an h\r be=e ! ba?1 repeat ! op]ation1 also lett+ ! liquid dry on ! sk94 ,! regul> use ( ?is prep>ation = #d weeks w give ! sk9 an extraord9>y f95ess1 cle>ness1 & fre%ness4 ,rottmann]'s ,beauty ,wat]4--,koll] says t ?is prep>ation consi/s ( #a "p ( camphor1 #e p>ts ( milk ( sulphur1 & #ej p>ts ( rose wat]4 ,bir* ,wat]s4--,bir* wat]1 :i* has _m cosmetic applications1 especially z a hair wa%1 or an +r$i5t 9 hair wa%es1 may be prep>$ z foll[s3 ,i4--,alcohol1 #if p] c5t #c1ejj p>ts ,wat] #gjj p>ts ,pota% soap #bjj p>ts ,glyc]9e #aej p>ts ,oil ( bir* buds #ej p>ts ,ess5ce ( spr+ fl[]s #ajj p>ts ,*lorophyll1 quantity suffici5t to color4 ,mix ! wat] ) #gjj p>ts ( ! alcohol1 & 9 ! mixture dissolve ! soap4 ,add ! ess5ce ( spr+ fl[]s & bir* oil to ! rema9d] ( ! alcohol1 mix well1 & to ! mixture add1 little by little1 & ) con/ant agitation1 ! soap mixture4 ,f9ally1 add ! glyc]9e1 mix ?or\ghly1 & set aside = #h days1 filt] & color ! filtrate ) *lorophyll1 to :i* is add$ a little t9cture ( saffron4 ,to use1 add an equal volume ( wat] to produce a la!r4 ,,ii4--,alcohol1 #if p] c5t #b1jjj p>ts ,wat] #ejj p>ts ,t9cture ( can?>ides #be p>ts ,salicylic acid #be p>ts ,glyc]9e #ajj p>ts ,oil ( bir* buds #dj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #cj p>ts ,g]anium oil #e p>ts ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol1 add ! acid & t9cture ( can?>ides2 mix ! wat] & glyc]9e & add1 &1 f9ally1 color z be=e4 ,,iii4--,alcohol #cj1jjj p>ts ,bir* juice #c1jjj p>ts ,glyc]9e #a1jjj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #ij p>ts ,vanill9 #aj p>ts ,g]anium oil #ej p>ts ,wat] #ad1jjj p>ts ,,iv4--,alcohol #dj1jjj p>ts ,oil ( bir* #aej p>ts ,b]gamot oil #ajj p>ts ,lemon oil #ej p>ts #bde ,palm>osa oil #ajj p>ts ,glyc]9e #b1jjj p>ts ,borax #aej p>ts ,wat] #bj1jjj p>ts ,violet ,ammonia ,wat]4--,mo/ prep>ations ( ?is "* consi/ ( ei!r co>sely p[d]$ ammonium c>bonate1 ) or )\t ! addition ( ammonia wat]1 or ( a co>sely p[d]$ mixture1 :i* sl[ly evolves ! odor ( ammonia1 ! :ole be+ p]fum$ by ! addition ( volatile oil1 pomade ess5ces1 or h&k]*ief extract4 ,! foll[+ are typical =mulas3 ,i4--,moi/5 co>sely p[d]$ ammonium c>bonate1 conta9$ 9 a suitable bottle1 ) a mixture ( conc5trat$ t9cture ( orris root1 #b #a_/b ounces2 aromatic _s ( ammonia1 #a dra*m2 violet extract1 #c dra*ms4 ,,ii4--,fill suitable bottles ) co>sely p[d]$ ammonium c>bonate & add to ! salt z mu* ( ! foll[+ solution z x w absorb3 ,oil ( orris1 #e m9ims2 oil ( lav5d] fl[]s1 #aj m9ims2 violet extract1 #cj m9ims2 /rong] wat] ( ammonia1 #b fluid\nces4 ,,iii4--,! foll[+ is a =mula = a liquid prep>ation3 ,extract violet1 #h fluidra*ms2 extract cassia1 #h fluidra*ms2 _s ( rose1 #d fluidra*ms2 t9cture ( orris1 #d fluidra*ms2 cologne _s1 #a p9t2 _s ( ammonia1 #a ounce4 ,_s ( ionone may be us$ in/ead ( extract ( violet4 ,violet ,wit*-,hazel4-- ,_s ( ionone #a_/b dra*m ,rose wat] #f ounces ,di/ill$ extract ( wit*-hazel en\gh to make #af ounces ,cotton ,,blea*+ ,,( ,,cotton3 ,i4--,blea*+ by ,/eam+4--,! s+$ & wa%$ cotton goods are pass$ ?r\gh hydro*loric acid ( #b ,b4 ,leave !m 9 heaps dur+ #a h\r1 wa%1 pass ?r\gh sodium hypo*lorite ( #aj ,b4 dilut$ ) #aj times ! volume ( wat]4 ,let ! pieces lie 9 heaps = #a h\r1 wa%1 pass ?r\gh cau/ic soda lye ( #ch ,b4 dilut$ ) #h times its volume ( wat]1 /eam1 put aga9 ?r\gh sodium *loride1 wa%1 acidulate slightly ) hydro*loric acid1 wa% & dry4 ,%\ld ! :it5ess n be suffici5t1 repeat ! op]ations4 ,,ii4--,blea*+ ) ,calcium ,sulphite4--,! cotton goods are impregnat$ ) #a "p1 by weight1 ( wat]1 #a "p ( cau/ic lime1 & #a_/b "p ( bisulphite ( #dj ,b42 next /eam$ dur+ #a-b h\rs at a pressure ( #a_/b atmosph]e1 wa%$1 acidulat$1 wa%$ & dri$4 ,! result is z :ite a fabric z by ! old me?od ) cau/ic lime1 soda1 & calcium *loride4 ,! bisulphite may also be replac$ by calcium hydrosulphite1 &1 in/ead ( /eam+1 ! fabric may be boil$ = sev]al h\rs ) calcium sulphite4 ,,iii4--,blea*+ ( ,vegetable ,fib]s ) ,hydrog5 ,p]oxide4--,pass ! pieces ?r\gh a solution conta9+ cau/ic soda1 soap1 hydrog5 p]oxide1 & burnt magnesia4 ,! pieces are pil$ 9 heaps on c>riages2 ! latt] are %ov$ into ! well-kn[n app>atus ( ,ma!r ,platt 7ki]71 & ! liquid is pump$ on = #f h\rs1 at a pressure ( #b_/c atmosph]e4 ,next wa%1 acidulate1 wa% & dry4 ,! blea*+ may also be done on an ord9>y reel+ vat4 ,= #e pieces are ne$$ ab\t #a1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]2 #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( solid cau/ic soda2 #a "p ( burnt magnesia2 #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ( hydrog5 p]oxide4 ,aft] #c-d h\rs' boil+1 wa%1 acidulate1 wa% & dry4 ,! blea*+ may also be p]=m$ by pass+ ?r\gh b>ium p]oxide1 !n ?r\gh sulphuric acid or hydro*loric acid1 & next ?r\gh soda lye4 ,x is practicable also to comm5ce ) ! latt] & f9ally give a treatm5t ) hydrog5 p]oxide4 ,! :it5ess obta9$ by ! above process is h&som] ?an t produc$ by ! old me?od ) hypo*lorites1 & ! fabric is weak5$ to a less ext5t4 ,,te/s ,,= ,,cotton4 ,i4--,cotton1 :5 fre$ f extrane\s matt] by boil+ ) pota%1 & aft]w>ds ) hydro*loric acid1 yields pure cellulose or absorb5t cotton1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,u4 ,s4 ,p41 is soluble 9 copp] ammonium sulphate solution4 ,! ,b4 ,p4 is m specific & /ates t cotton is soluble 9 a conc5trat$ solution ( copp] ammonium sulphate4 ,! /&>d te/ solution 7,b4 ,p47 is made by dissolv+ #aj p>ts ( copp] sulphate 9 #afj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 & cauti\sly add+ solution ( ammonia to ! liquid until ! precipitate fir/ =m$ is ne>ly dissolv$4 ,! product is !n filt]$ & ! filtrate made up to #bjj p>ts ) di/ill$ #bdf wat]4 ,! conc5trat$ solution is prep>$ by us+ a small] quantity ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,,ii4--,s*weitz]'s reag5t = textile fib]s & cellulose is made by dissolv+ #aj p>ts ( copp] sulphate 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat] & add+ a solution ( #e p>ts ( potassium hydrate 9 #ej p>ts ( wat]2 !n wa% ! precipitate & dissolve 9 #bj p] c5t ammonia until saturat$4 ,?is solution dissolves cotton1 l951 & silk1 b n wool4 ,! reag5t is said to be especially useful 9 microscopy1 z x rapidly dissolves cellulose1 b has no action on lign94 ,,iii4--,j&ri]'s ,te/ = ,cotton 9 ,wool5 ,fabrics4--,wa% ! sample ( fabric & treat ) sulphuric acid 7#bj ,b47 = half an h\r on ! wat] ba?4 ,to #ajj to #bjj p>ts ( ?is solution add #a "p resorc91 & ov]lay on conc5trat$ sulphuric acid free f nitr\s products4 ,! heat develop$ is suffici5t to give a color at ! contact po9t ( ! liquids1 b int5sity ( color may be increas$ by slightly heat+4 ,if ! product result+ f treat+ ! cotton is made up #a 9 #a1jjj1 resorc9 w give an orange color2 alphanaphtol a purple2 gallic acid a gre5 gradually becom+ violet d[n 9 ! acid2 hydroqu9one or pyrogallol a br[n2 morph9e or code9e1 a lav5d]2 ?ymol or m5?ol a p9k4 ,cotton may be detect$ 9 color$ goods1 us+ boneblack to decolorize ! solution1 if necess>y4 ,,iv4--,ov]beck's te/ = cotton 9 wool5 consi/s 9 soak+ ! fabric 9 an aque\s solution ( alloxant9e 7#a 9 #aj71 & aft] dry+ expose to ammonia vapor & r9se 9 wat]4 ,wool5 mat]ial is color$ crimson1 cotton rema9s blue4 ,v4--,lieb]mann's ,te/4--,dye ! fabric = half an h\r 9 fu*s9e solution r5d]$ light yell[ by cau/ic soda solution & !n wa%$ ) wat]--silk is color$ d>k r$2 wool1 light r$2 flax1 p9k2 & cotton rema9s colorless4 ,to ,di/+ui% ,cotton f ,l954--,take a sample ab\t an in* & a half squ>e ( ! clo? to be te/$ & plunge x into a tepid alcoholic solution ( cyan9e4 ,aft] ! color+ matt] has be5 absorb$ by ! fib]1 r9se x 9 wat] & !n plunge into dilute sulphuric acid4 ,if x is ( cotton ! sample w be almo/ completely blea*$1 :ile l95 pres]ves ! blue color almo/ un*ang$4 ,if ! sample be !n plung$ 9 ammonia1 ! blue w be /rongly re9=c$4 ,aromatic ,cotton4--,aromatic cotton is produc$ z foll[s3 ,mix camphor1 #e p>ts2 p9e-leaf oil1 #e p>ts2 clove oil1 #e p>ts2 _s ( w9e 7#ij p] c5t71 #hj p>ts2 & di/ribute ev5ly on cotton1 #ejj p>ts1 by means ( an atomiz]4 ,! cotton is left press$ toge!r 9 a tightly clos$ t9 vessel = a few days4 ,cotton ,degreas+4--,cotton wa/e1 9 a greasy condition1 is plac$ 9 an acid-pro( app>atus1 :]e x is simultane\sly fre$ f grease1 etc41 & prep>$ = blea*+ by ! foll[+ process1 :i* is p]=m$ )\t ! wa/e be+ remov$ f ! app>atus3 7#a7 treatm5t ) a solv5t1 su* z b5z9e2 7#b7 /eam+1 = ! purpose ( vaporiz+ & expell+ f ! cotton wa/e ! solv5t /ill rema9+ 9 x aft] z mu* z possible ( ?is has be5 recov]$ by dra9+2 7#c7 treatm5t ) a m9]al acid2 7#d7 boil+ ) an alkali lye2 7#e7 wa%+ ) wat]4 ,,cottonse$ ,,hulls ,,z ,,/ock ,,food4 ,cottonse$ hulls or o!r mat]ial conta9+ fib] difficult ( dige/ion are ?or\ghly mix$ ) ab\t #e p] c5t ( _! weight ( hydro*loric acid 7specific gravity1 #a4af71 & heat$ 9 a clos$ vessel1 provid$ ) a /irr]1 to a temp]ature ( #bab to #cjj ,f4 ,! am\nt ( acid to be add$ dep5ds on ! mat]ial employ$ & on ! duration ( ! heat+4 ,by heat+ = #cj m9utes ! above p]c5tage ( acid is requir$1 b ! quantity may be r$uc$ if ! heat+ is prolong$4 ,aft] heat+1 ! sub/ance is gr\nd & at ! same "t mix$ ) "s basic sub/ances su* z sodium c>bonate1 *alk1 cottonse$ k]nel meal1 etc41 to neutralize ! acid4 ,dur+ ! heat+1 ! acid vapors com+ f ! mixture may be l$ into a second quantity ( mat]ial conta9$ 9 a sep>ate vessel1 air be+ drawn ?r\gh bo? vessels to facilitate ! removal ( ! acid vapors4 ,,cottonse$ ,,oil3 ,see ,oil4 ,,cottonse$ ,,oil ,,9 ,,food1 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,cottonse$ ,,oil ,,9 ,,l>d1 ,,detection ,,(3 ,see ,foods & ,l>d4 ,,c\gh ,,c&y3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,c\gh ,,mixtures ,,= ,,cattle3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 #bdg ,,c\gh ,,mixtures ,,& ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,cold & ,c\gh ,mixtures4 ,c\rt ,pla/]s 7,see also ,pla/]s47 ,liquid ,c\rt ,pla/]4--,i4--,if soluble guncotton is dissolv$ 9 acetone 9 ! proportion ( ab\t #a "p1 by weight1 ( ! =m] to #ce or #dj p>ts1 by volume1 ( ! latt]1 & half a "p ea* ( ca/or oil & glyc]9e be add$1 a colorless1 ela/ic1 & flexible film w =m on ! sk9 :]ev] x is appli$4 ,unlike ord9>y collodion x w n be likely to dry & peel (f4 ,if t9t$ v slightly ) alkanet & saffron x c be made to assume ! color ( ! sk9 s t :5 appli$ x is sc>cely obs]vable4 ,a mixture ( w>m solution ( sodium silicate & case91 ab\t #i p>ts ( ! =m] to #a "p ( ! latt]1 gelat9izes & =ms a sort ( liquid c\rt pla/]4 ,,ii4--,9 ord] to make liquid c\rt pla/] flexible1 collodion1 ,u4 ,s4 ,p41 is ! be/ liquid t c possibly be recomm5d$4 ,x may be made by weigh+ successively into a t>r$ bottle3 ,collodion #d av4 ounces ,canada turp5t9e #ie gra9s ,ca/or oil #eg gra9s ,be=e apply+1 ! sk9 %\ld be p]fectly dry2 ea* application or lay] %\ld be p]mitt$ to h>d54 ,?ree or f\r coats are usually suffici5t4 ,,iii4--,procure an ounce bottle & fill x ?ree-f\r?s full ( flexible collodion1 & fill up ) e!r4 ,apply to cuts1 bruises1 etc41 & x protects !m & w n wa% (f4 ,if ! e!r evaporates1 leav+ x too ?ick = use1 h m e!r put 9 to liquefy x4 ,x is a good ?+ to h 9 ! h\se & 9 ! tool *e/4 ,,c[ ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,crayons3 ,see ,p5cils4 ,,crayons ,,= ,,gra9+ ,,& ,,m>bl+4 ,heat #d p>ts ( wat] & #a "p ( :ite wax ov] a fire until ! wax has completely dissolv$4 ,/ir 9 #a "p ( purifi$ pota%4 ,:5 an intimate comb9ation has tak5 place1 all[ to cool & add a proportionate quantity ( gum arabic4 ,) ?is mixture ! desir$ colors are gr\nd ?ick en\gh s t !y c be conv5i5tly roll$ into a p5cil ) *alk4 ,! desir$ %ades mu/ be compos$ on ! gr9d+ slab z !y are want$1 & mu/ n be simply left 9 _! natural tone4 ,use1 = in/ance1 umb]1 ,v&yke br[n1 & :ite lead = oak2 umb] alone w\ld be too d>k = walnut use4 ,all ! e>? colors c be conv5i5tly work$ up4 ,x is be/ to prep>e #b or #c crayons ( ea* set1 mix+ ! fir/ a little light] by ! addition ( :ite lead & leav+ ! o!rs a little d>k]4 ,! p5cils %\ld be kept 9 a dry place & are m suitable = gra9+ & m>bl+ ?an bru%es1 s9ce !y c be us$ ) ei!r oil or wat]4 ,,crayons ,,= ,,writ+ ,,on ,,glass3 ,see ,et*+1 & ,glass4 ,cream 7,see also ,milk47 ,:ipp$ ,cream4--,!re are _m ways to :ip cream4 ,! foll[+ is v highly indors$3 ,keep ! cream on ice until ready to :ip4 ,take #b e>!n vessels ab\t #f in*es 9 diamet]4 ,into #a b[l put #a p9t ( ri* sweet cream1 #b teaspoonfuls p[d]$ sug>1 & #e drops ( be/ vanilla extract4 ,add ! :ite ( #a egg & beat ) l>ge egg beat] or use :ipp+ app>atus until #b in*es ( fro? has =m$2 skim (f ! fro? into ! o!r vessel & s proce$ :ipp+ & skimm+ until all ! cream 9 ! fir/ vessel has be5 exhau/$4 ,! :ipp$ cream w /& up all day & %\ld be let /& 9 ! vessel on ice4 ,special ma*9es h be5 con/ruct$ = :ipp+ cream1 b mo/ disp5s]s prep>e x ) an ord9>y egg beat]4 ,g5u9e :ipp$ cream is no?+ o!r ?an pure cream into :i* air has be5 =c$ by ! action ( ! diff]5t app>atus manufactur$ = ! purpose2 c>e mu/1 h[ev]1 be ex]cis$ 9 ord] t butt] is n produc$ in/ead ( :ipp$ cream4 ,to avoid ?is ! temp]ature ( ! cream mu/ be kept at a l[ degree & ! :ipp+ mu/ n be too viol5t or prolong$2 h5ce ! foll[+ rules mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ord] to produce ! desir$ result3 #bdh #a4 ,secure pure cream & z fre% z possible4 #b4 ,surr\nd ! b[l 9 :i* ! cream is be+ :ipp$ ) crack$ ice1 & p]=m ! op]ation 9 a cool place4 #c4 ,z rapidly z ! :ipp$ cream arises1 skim x (f & place x 9 ano!r b[l1 likewise surr\nd$ ) ice4 #d4 ,d n :ip ! cream too long or too viol5tly4 #e4 ,! d[nw>d motion ( ! beat] %\ld be m =cible ?an ! upw>d1 z ! fir/ has a t5d5cy to =ce ! air into ! cream1 :ile ! second1 on ! contr>y1 t5ds to expel x4 #f4 ,a little p[d]$ sug> %\ld be add$ to ! cream aft] x is :ipp$1 9 ord] to sweet5 x4 #g4 ,make :ipp$ cream 9 small quantities & keep x on ice4 ,i4--,cumm9s's ,:ipp$ ,cream4--,place #ab ounces ( ri* cream on ! ice = ab\t #a h\r2 !n ) a :ipp] beat to a consi/5cy t w )/& its own weight4 ,,ii4--,eb]le's ,:ipp$ ,cream4--,take a p9t ( fre%1 sweet cream1 :i* has be5 *ill$ by be+ plac$ on ! ice1 add to x a heap+ tablespoonful ( p[d]$ sug> & #b ounces ( a solution ( gelat9 7a spoonful dissolv$ 9 #b ounces ( wat]71 :ip sl[ly = a m9ute or two until a heavy fro? ga!rs on top4 ,skim (f ! d5se fro?1 & put 9 conta9] = c\nt] use2 cont9ue ?is until y h fro!d all t is possible4 ,,iii4--,foy's ,:ipp$ ,cream4--,use only pure cream2 h x ice cold1 & 9 a conv5i5t di% = :ipp+ ) a wire :ipp]4 ,a cle>1 easy1 quick1 & conv5i5t way is to use a beat]4 ,fill ab\t "o-half full ( cream1 & beat vigor\sly = #b or #c m9utes2 a little p[d]$ sug> may be add$ be=e beat+4 ,! cream may be left 9 ! beat]1 & plac$ on ice4 ,,iv4--,am]ican ,soda ,f\nta9 ,company's ,:ipp$ ,cream4--,take #b e>!n b[ls & #b t9 pans1 ea* #f or #h in*es great] 9 diamet] ?an ! b[ls2 place a b[l 9 ea* pan1 surr\nd x ) brok5 ice1 put ! cream to be :ipp$ 9 #a b[l1 & :ip x ) a :ipp$ cream *urn4 ,! cream %\ld be pure & ri*1 & nei!r sug> nor gelat9 %\ld be add$ to x4 ,z ! :ipp$ cream rises & fills ! b[l1 remove ! *urn1 & skim (f ! :ipp$ cream into ! o!r b[l4 ,! philosophy ( ! process is t ! *urn drives air into ! cream1 & bl[s an inf9ity ( t9y bubbles1 :i* =ms ! :ipp$ cream2 !re=e1 9 *urn+1 raise ! da%] g5tly & sl[ly1 & br+ x d[n quickly & =cibly4 ,:5 ! second b[l is full ( :ipp$ cream1 p\r (f ! liquid cream1 :i* has settl$ to ! bottom1 into ! fir/ b[l1 & :ip x aga94 ,keep ! :ipp$ cream on ice4 ,! addition ( an ev5 teaspoonful ( salt to #a qu>t ( sweet cream1 be=e :ipp+1 w make x :ip up v readily & /iff1 & /& up mu* long] & bett]4 ,,cresol ,,emulsion4 ,"o ( ! be/ />t+ po9ts = ! prep>ation is ! 8creosote0 obta9$ f bla/ furnaces1 :i* is ri* 9 cresols & conta9s comp>atively little ph5ols4 ,! proportions us$ are3 ,creosote1 #cj p>ts2 s(t soap1 #aj p>ts2 & solution ( soda 7#aj p] c5t71 #cj p>ts4 ,boil ! +r$i5ts toge!r = an h\r1 !n place aside to settle4 ,! d>k fluid is aft]w>ds dra9$ f any oily portion float+ ^u ! top4 ,,cream1 ,,cold3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,creams ,,= ,,! ,,face ,,& ,,sk93 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,creosote ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,crock]y3 ,see ,c]amics4 ,,crock]y ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,crocus4 ,! sub/ance kn[n z 8crocus10 :i* is s exce$+ly useful z a poli%+ m$ium = /eel1 etc41 may be v g5]ally obta9$ 9 ! c9d]s produc$ f coal conta9+ iron4 ,x w be easily recogniz$ by its ru/y color1 & %\ld be collect$ & r$uc$ to a p[d] = future use4 ,/eel burni%]s may be br\ght to a high /ate ( poli% ) ?is sub/ance by rubb+ !m ^u a buff made ( soldi]s' belt or h>d wood4 ,aft] ?is op]ation1 ! burni%] %\ld be rubb$ on a second buff *>g$ ) jewel]s' r\ge4 ,,cry/al ,,cem5ts ,,= ,,reunit+ ,,brok5 ,,pieces3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,cem5ts4 #bdi ,,cry/allization1 ,,ornam5tal3 ,see ,g>d5s1 ,*emical4 ,,cucumb] ,,ess5ce3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,cucumb] ,,jelly1 ,,juice1 ,,& ,,milk3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,cura,,oa ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,curta9s1 ,,color+ ,,(3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,curry ,,p[d]3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,,cu/>d ,,p[d]3 ,corn fl\r #g p\nds ,arr[root #h p\nds ,oil ( almond #bj drops ,oil ( nutmegs #aj drops ,t9cture ( saffron to color4 ,mix ! t9cture ) a little ( ! mix$ fl\rs2 !n add ! ess5tial oils & make into a pa/e2 dry ?is until x c be r$uc$ to a p[d]1 & !n mix all ! +r$i5ts by sift+ sev]al times ?r\gh a f9e hair sieve4 ,,cutl]y ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,cyl9d] ,,oil3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,cymbal ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,damaske5+ ,damaske5+1 practic$ f mo/ anci5t times1 consi/s 9 ornam5tally inlay+ "o metal ) ano!r1 foll[$ usually by poli%+4 ,g5]ally gold or silv] is employ$ = inlay+4 ,! article to be decorat$ by damaske5+ is usually ( iron 7/eel7 or copp]2 9 ,ori5tal 7especially ,japanese7 "w1 also frequ5tly ( bronze1 :i* has be5 black5$1 or1 at lea/1 d>k5$1 s t ! damaske5+ is effectively set (f f ! gr\nd4 ,if ! design consi/s ( l9es1 ! grooves are dug out ) ! grav] 9 su* a mann] t !y are wid] at ! bottom1 s z to hold ! metal =c$ 94 ,next1 ! gold or silv] pieces suitably =m$ are laid on top & hamm]$ 9 s z to fill up ! op5+4 ,f9ally ! surface is gone ov] aga91 s t ! surface ( ! inlay is p]fectly ev5 ) ! re/4 ,if ! inlays1 h[ev]1 are n 9 ! =m ( l9es1 b are compos$ ( l>g] pieces ( c]ta9 outl9es1 !y are sometimes all[$ to project beyond ! surface ( ! metal decorat$4 ,at times !re are inlays aga9 9 ! rais$ portions ( ano!r metal2 ?us1 ,japanese bronze articles (t5 conta9 figures ( rais$ gold inlaid ) silv]4 ,ow+ to ! high value :i* damaske5+ imp>ts to articles arti/ically decorat$1 _m attempts h be5 made to obta9 simil> effects 9 a *eap] mann]4 ,"o is electro-et*+1 describ$ fur!r on4 ,ano!r process = ! :olesale manufacture ( objects closely resembl+ damaske5$ "w is ! foll[+3 ,by means ( a /eel pun*1 on :i* ! decorations to be produc$ project 9 relief1 ! designs are /amp$ by means ( a drop hamm] or a /amp+ press into gold plat$ or silv] plat$ %eet metal on ! side :i* is to %[ ! damaske5+1 f9ally gr9d+ (f ! surface1 s t ! sunk5 portions are aga9 level4 ,naturally1 ! /amp$ portion1 z long z ! dep? ( ! /amp+ is at lea/ equal to ! ?ickness ( ! preci\s metal on top1 w appe> inlaid4 ,x is believ$ t mu* ( ! e>ly damaske5+ 0 done by weld+ toge!r iron & ei!r a /eel or an impure or alloy$ iron1 & treat+ ! surface ) a corrod+ acid t affect$ ! /eel or alloy )\t *ang+ ! iron4 ,! v>iety or damaske5+ kn[n z k(tg>i or kuft-"w1 practic$ 9 ,india1 0 produc$ by r\gh-et*+ a metallic surface & lay+ on gold-leaf1 :i* 0 imb$d$ s t x adh]$ only to ! et*$ p>ts ( ! design4 ,damaske5+ by ,electrolysis4--,damaske5+ ( metallic plates may be done by electrolysis4 ,a copp] plate is cov]$ ) an isolat+ lay] ( feeble ?ickness1 su* z wax1 & ! desir$ design is scrat*$ 9 x by ! use ( a po9t$ tool4 ,! plate is susp5d$ 9 a ba? ( sulphate ( copp]1 connect+ x ) ! positive pole ( a batt]y1 :ile a second copp] plate is connect$ ) ! negative pole4 ,! curr5t et*es grooves :]ev] ! wax has be5 remov$4 ,:5 en\gh has #bej be5 eat5 away1 remove ! plate f ! ba?1 cleanse x ) a little hydro*loric acid to remove any traces ( oxide ( copp] :i* might appe> on ! l9es ( ! design2 !n wa% x 9 pl5ty ( wat] & place x 9 a ba? ( silv] or nickel1 connect+ x n[ ) ! negative pole1 ! positive pole be+ repres5t$ by a leaf ( plat9um4 ,aft] a c]ta9 "t ! holl[s are completely fill$ ) a deposit ( silv] or nickel1 & x only rema9s to poli% ! plate1 :i* has ! appe>ance ( a piece damaske5$ by h&4 ,damaske5+ on ,enamel ,dials4--,dip ! dial into molt5 yell[ wax1 trace on ! dial ! designs desir$1 p5etrat+ d[n to ! enamel4 ,dip ! dial 9 a fluorhydric acid a suffici5t l5g? ( "t t x may eat to ! desir$ dep?4 ,next1 wa% 9 sev]al wat]s1 remove ! wax by means ( turp5t9e1 i4 e41 leave ! piece cov]$ ) wax imm]s$ 9 ess5ce ( turp5t9e4 ,by fill+ up ! holl[s ?us obta9$ ) enamel v pretty effects are produc$4 ,,d&ruff ,,cure3 ,see ,hair ,prep>ations4 ,,decalcomania ,,processes3 ,see also ,*romos1 ,copy+ ,processes1 & ,transf] ,processes4 ,! decalcomania process ( transf]r+ pictures requires t ! pr9t 7usually 9 colors7 be made on a specially prep>$ pap]4 ,pr9ts made on decalcomania pap] may be transf]r$ 9 ! rev]se to *9a w>e1 wood1 celluloid1 metal1 or any h>d smoo? surface1 & be+ v>ni%$ aft] transf] 7or burnt 91 9 ! case ( pott]y7 acquire a fair degree ( p]man5ce4 ,! orig9al pr9t is de/roy$ by ! transf]4 ,apply+ ,decalcomania ,pictures on ,c]amic ,products "u a ,glaze4--,a biscuit-bak$ object is fir/ coat$ ) a mixture ( alcohol1 %ellac1 v>ni%1 & liquid glue4 ,!n ! prep>$ picture pr9t is transf]r$ on to ?is adhesive lay] 9 ! cu/om>y mann]4 ,! glaze1 h[ev]1 does n adh]e to ?is coat+ & w\ld1 !re=e1 n cov] ! picture :5 fus$ on4 ,to atta9 ?is1 ! lay] be>+ ! transf] picture1 z well z ! latt]1 are simultane\sly coat$ ) a dextr9 solution ( ab\t #aj p] c5t4 ,:5 ?is dextr9 coat+ is dry1 ! picture is glaz$4 ,! mix+ proportions ( ! two solutions employ$1 z well z ( ! adhesive & ! dextr9 solutions1 v>y some:at accord+ to ! physical conditions ( ! porcela91 its porosity1 etc4 ,! foll[+ may s]ve = an example3 ,dissolve #e p>ts ( %ellac or equival5t gum 9 #be p>ts ( _s & emulsify ?is liquid ) #bj p>ts ( v>ni% & #h p>ts ( liquid glue4 ,aft] dry+1 ! glaze is put on & ! w>e ?us prep>$ is plac$ 9 ! grate fire4 ,! process describ$ is especially adapt$ = film pictures1 i4 e41 = su* z be> ! picture on a coh]+ lay]1 usually consi/+ ( collodion4 ,x _c be employ$ outright = gum pictures1 i4 e41 = su* pictures z are compos$ ( diff]5t press$ surfaces1 consi/+ ma9ly ( gum or simil> mat]ial4 ,if ?is process is to be adapt$ to ^! pictures z well1 ! w>e1 :i* has be5 giv5 ! biscuit bak+1 is fir/ provid$ ) a crude glaze coat+1 :]eupon ! details ( ! process are c>ri$ out z describ$ above ) ! exception t !re is ano!r glaze coat+ betwe5 ! adhesive coat & ! biscuit-bak$ w>e4 ,9 ?is case ! article is also imm$iately plac$ 9 ! grate fire4 ,x is immat]ial :i* ( ! two k9ds ( meta*romatypes 7transf] pictures7 is us$1 9 e case ! bak+ 9 ! muffle1 etc41 is dropp$4 ,! transf] pictures may also be produc$ 9 all colors = ! grate fire4 ,decalcomania ,pap]4--,smoo? unsiz$ pap]1 n too ?ick1 is coat$ ) ! foll[+ solutions3 ,i4--,gelat91 #aj p>ts1 dissolv$ 9 #cjj p>ts w>m wat]4 ,?is solution is appli$ ) a sponge4 ,! pap] %\ld be dri$ flat4 ,,ii4--,/>*1 #ej p>ts2 gum tragacan?1 dissolv$ 9 #fjj p>ts ( wat]4 7,! gum tragacan? is soak$ 9 #cjj p>ts ( wat]2 9 ! o!r #cjj p>ts ! />* is boil$ to a pa/e2 ! two are !n p\r$ toge!r & boil$47 ,! dri$ pap] is bru%$ ) ?is pa/e uni=mly1 a fairly ?ick coat be+ appli$4 ,! pap] is !n all[$ to dry aga94 ,,iii4--,"o "p blood album5 is soak$ 9 #c p>ts wat] = #bd h\rs4 ,a small quantity ( sal ammoniac is add$4 ,! pap]1 aft] hav+ be5 coat$ ) ^! ?ree solutions & dri$1 is run ?r\gh ! pr9t+ press1 ! pictures1 h[ev]1 be+ pr9t$ rev]s$ s t x may appe> 9 its true position :5 transf]r$4 ,any color$ inks may be us$4 #bea ,,iv4--,a transf] pap]1 kn[n z 8dcalque rapide10 inv5t$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,duramy1 consi/s ( a pap] ( ! k9d g5]ally us$ = mak+ pott]y transf]s1 b coat$ ) a mixture ( gum & arr[root solutions 9 ! proportion ( #b #a_/b p>ts ( ! latt] to #ajj ( ! =m]4 ,! coat+ is appli$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 b ! pap] is only semi-glaz$4 ,fur!rmore1 to decorate pott]y w>e by means ( ?is new transf] pap]1 !re is no ne$ to imm]se ! w>e 9 a ba? 9 ord] to get ! pap] to draw (f1 z x w come away :5 moi/5$ ) a damp sponge1 aft] hav+ be5 9 position = less ?an #e m9utes1 :]eas ! ord9>y pap]s require a mu* long] "t4 ,picture ,transf]r]4--,a v weak solution ( s(t soap & pe>la%es is us$ to transf] rec5t pr9ts1 su* z illu/rations f pap]s1 magaz9es1 etc41 to unglaz$ pap]1 on ! decalcomania pr9ciple4 ,su* a solution is3 ,i4--,s(t soap #a_/b ounce ,pe>la% #b dra*ms ,di/ill$ wat] #af fluid\nces ,! pr9t is laid ^u a flat surface1 su* z a draw+ bo>d1 & moi/5$ ) ! liquid4 ,! pap] on :i* ! reproduction is requir$ is laid ov] ?is1 & !n a %eet ( ?ick] pap] plac$ on ! top1 & ! :ole rubb$ ev5ly & h>d ) a blunt in/rum5t1 su* z ! b[l ( a spoon1 until ! desir$ dep? ( color 9 ! transf]r] is obta9$4 ,ano!r & m arti/ic process is to cov] ! pr9t ) a transp>5t %eet ( mat]ial coat$ ) wax1 to trace out ! pictures ) a po9t & to take rubb+s ( ! same aft] p[d]+ ) plumbago4 ,,ii4--,h>d soap #a dra*m ,glyc]9e #cj gra9s ,alcohol #d fluidra*ms ,wat] #a fluid\nce ,damp5 ! pr9t$ matt] ) ! solution by spong+1 & proce$ z ) ,i4 ,,dehorn]s3 ,see ,horn4 ,,delta ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,demon ,,b[ls ,,( ,,fire3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,d5tal ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,cem5ts4 ,d5tifrices ,,too? ,,p[d]s3 ,a p]fect too? p[d] t w clean ! tee? & m\? ) ?or\ghness ne$ conta9 b few +r$i5ts & is easily made4 ,= ! base !re is no?+ bett] ?an precipitat$ *alk2 x possesses all ! det]g5t & poli%+ prop]ties necess>y = ! ?or\gh cleans+ ( ! tee?1 & x is too s(t to d any injury to s(t or to defective or ?9ly enamel$ tee?4 ,?is _c be said ( pumice1 cuttlebone1 *>coal1 kieselguhr1 & simil> abradants t are us$ 9 too? p[d]s4 ,_! use is repreh5sible 9 a too? p[d]4 ,! use ( pumice or o!r active abradant is well en\gh occasionally1 by p]sons afflict$ ) a gr[? ( t>t> on ! tee?1 b ev5 !n x is be/ appli$ by a compet5t d5ti/4 ,abrad+ p[d]s h mu* to answ] = 9 ha/5+ ! day ( ! too?less race4 ,next 9 value comes soap4 ,p[d]$ :ite ca/ile soap is usually an +r$i5t ( too? p[d]s4 ,!re is no?+ s effective = remov+ sordes or ?ick5$ mucus f ! gums or m\?4 ,b us$ alone or 9 too l>ge proportions1 ! ta/e is unpleasant4 ,orris possesses no cleans+ prop]ties1 b is us$ = its flavor & because x is mo/ effective = mask+ ! ta/e ( ! soap4 ,sug> or sac*>9e may be us$ = sweet5+1 & = flavor+ almo/ any?+ c be us$4 ,flavors %\ld1 9 ! ma91 be us$ s+ly1 ?\gh mix$ flavors lack ! clean ta/e ( simple flavors4 ,! mo/ popul> too? p[d] sold is ! :ite1 saponace\s1 w9t]gre5-flavor$ p[d]1 & "h is a =mula = ?is type3 ,i4--,precipitat$ *alk #a p\nd ,:ite ca/ile soap #a ounce ,flor5t9e orris #b ounces ,sug> 7or sac*>9e1 #b gra9s7 #a ounce ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #a_/d ounce ,! fir/ f\r +r$i5ts %\ld be 9 ! f9e/ possible p[d] & well dri$4 ,triturate ! oil ( w9t]gre5 ) "p ( ! *alk1 & mix ?is ) ! balance ( ! *alk4 ,sift ea* +r$i5t sep>ately ?r\gh a sieve 7,no4 #hj or f9]71 & mix well toge!r1 aft]w>ds sift+ ! mixture #e or #f times4 ,! f9] ! sieve & ! m ! mixture is sift$1 ! f9] & light] ! p[d] w be4 #beb ,?is p[d] w co/ ab\t #ae c5ts a p\nd4 ,p9k1 rose-flavor$ p[d] ( ! ,caswell & ,haz>d1 ,hudnut1 or ,mc,mahan type1 once s popul> 9 ,new ,york4 ,x 0 made 9 two /yles1 ) & )\t soap4 ,,ii4--,precipitat$ *alk #a p\nd ,flor5t9e orris #b ounces ,sug> #a #a_/b ounces ,:ite ca/ile soap #a ounce ,no4 #dj c>m9e #ae gra9s ,oil ( rose #ab drops ,oil ( cloves #d drops ,dissolve ! c>m9e 9 an ounce ( wat] ( ammonia & triturate ?is ) "p ( ! *alk until ! *alk is uni=mly dy$4 ,!n spread x 9 a ?9 lay] on a %eet ( pap] & all[ ! ammonia to evaporate4 ,:5 !re is no ammoniacal odor left1 mix ?is dy$ *alk ) ! re/ ( ! *alk & sift ! :ole sev]al times until ?or\ghly mix$4 ,!n proce$ to make up ! p[d] z 9 ! previ\s =mula1 fir/ sift+ ea* +r$i5t sep>ately & !n toge!r1 be+ c>eful ?or\ghly to triturate ! oils ( rose & cloves ) ! orris aft] x is sift$ & be=e x is add$ to ! o!r p[d]s4 ,! oil ( cloves is us$ to back up ! oil ( rose4 ,x /r5g!ns & acc5tuates ! rose odor4 ,be c>eful n to get a drop too mu*1 or x w pr$om9ate ov] ! rose4 ,violet ,too? ,p[d]4-- ,precipitat$ *alk #a p\nd ,flor5t9e orris #d ounces ,ca/ile soap #a ounce ,sug> #a #a_/b ounces ,extract ( violet #a_/d ounce ,ev]gre5 color+1 ,r4 ,f41 quantity suffici5t4 ,proce$ z 9 ! second =mula1 dye+ ! *alk ) ! ev]gre5 color+ to ! desir$ %ade be=e mix+4 ,,iii4--,precipitat$ *alk #af p\nds ,p[d]$ orris #d p\nds ,p[d]$ cuttlefi% bone #b p\nds ,ultram>9e #i #a_/b ounces ,g]anium lake #cdj gra9s ,jasm9e #aaj m9ims ,oil ( n]oli #aaj m9ims ,oil ( bitt] almonds #ce m9ims ,vanill9 #ej gra9s ,artificial musk 7,lauti]'s7 #fj gra9s ,sac*>9e #adj gra9s ,rub up ! p]fumes ) #b ounces ( alcohol1 dissolve ! sac*>9e 9 w>m wat]1 add all to ! orris1 & set aside to dry4 ,rub ! colors up ) wat] & "s *alk1 & :5 dry pass all ?r\gh a mix] & sift] twice to br+ out ! color4 ,camphorat$ & ,c>bolat$ ,p[d]s4--,a camphorat$ too? p[d] may be made by leav+ out ! oil ( w9t]gre5 9 ! fir/ =mula & add+ #a #a_/b ounces ( p[d]$ camphor4 ,c>bolat$ too? p[d] may likewise be made ) ! fir/ =mula by sub/itut+ #b dra*ms ( liquefi$ c>bolic acid = ! oil ( w9t]gre54 ,b ! too? p[d] gradually loses ! odor & ta/e ( ! acid4 ,x is n ( mu* utility anyway1 z ! ca/ile soap 9 ! p[d] is ( f> great] antiseptic p[] ?an ! small am\nt ( c>bolic acid t c safely be comb9$ 9 a too? p[d]4 ,soap is "o ( ! be/ antiseptics4 ,alkal9e salts1 borax1 sodium bic>bonate1 etc41 are sup]flu\s 9 a p[d] already conta9+ soap4 ,! only useful purpose !y might s]ve is to correct acidity ( ! m\?1 & t end c be rea*$ mu* bett] by r9s+ ! m\? ) a solution ( sodium bic>bonate4 ,acids h no place 9 too? p[d]s1 ! ,fr5* ,codex to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,pepp]m9t z a ,flavor4--,9 ,france & all ov] ,europe pepp]m9t is ! popul> flavor1 z w9t]gre5 is 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,engli% apo!c>ies use sug> ( milk & heavy calc9$ magnesia 9 _m ( _! too? p[d]s4 ,nei!r has any p>ticul> virtue z a too? cleans]1 b bo? are h>mless4 ,cane sug> is pref]able to milk sug> z a sweet5]1 & sac*>9e is m effici5t1 ?\gh object$ to by "s2 x %\ld be us$ 9 ! proportion ( #b to #e gra9s to ! p\nd ( p[d]1 & great c>e tak5 to h x ?or\ghly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t4 ,an antiseptic too? p[d]1 conta9+ ! antiseptic +r$i5ts ( li/]9e1 is popul> 9 "s localities4 ,,iv4--,precipitat$ *alk #a p\nd ,ca/ile soap #e dra*ms ,borax #c dra*ms ,?ymol #bj gra9s ,m5?ol #bj gra9s ,eucalyptol #bj gra9s ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #bj gra9s ,alcohol #a_/b ounce ,dissolve ! ?ymol & oils 9 ! alcohol1 & triturate ) ! *alk1 & proce$ z 9 ! fir/ =mula4 #bec ,"o fault ) ?is p[d] is ! disagreeable ta/e ( ! ?ymol4 ,?is may be omitt$ & ! oil ( w9t]gre5 increas$ to ! improvem5t ( ! ta/e1 b ) "s loss ( antiseptic p[]4 ,antiseptic ,p[d]4-- ,v4--,boric acid #ej p>ts ,salicylic acid #ej p>ts ,dragon's blood #bj p>ts ,calcium c>bonate #a1jjj p>ts ,ess5ce spe>m9t #ab p>ts ,r$uce ! dragon's blood & calcium c>bonate to ! f9e/ p[d]1 & mix ! +r$i5ts ?or\ghly4 ,! p[d] %\ld be us$ twice a day1 or ev5 (t5]1 9 bad cases4 ,x is especially recomm5d$ 9 cases :]e ! enamel has become erod$ f ! effects ( iron4 ,m5?ol ,too? ,p[d]4--,m5?ol leaves a cool & pleasant s5sation 9 ! m\?1 & is excell5t = fetid brea?4 ,x may be add$ to mo/ =mulas by tak+ an equal quantity ( oil ( w9t]gre5 & dissolv+ 9 alcohol4 ,m5?ol #a "p ,salol #h p>ts ,soap1 grat$ f9e #bj p>ts ,calcium c>bonate #bj p>ts ,magnesia c>bonate #fj p>ts ,ess5tial oil ( m9t #b p>ts ,p[d] f9ely & mix4 ,if !re is mu* t>t> on ! tee? x w be well to add to ?is =mula f #aj to #bj p>ts ( pumice1 p[d]$ v f9ely4 ,too? ,p[d]s & ,pa/es4--,al?\gh ! direct object ( ^! is to keep ! tee? clean & :ite1 !y also prev5t decay1 if x is only by =ce ( m]e cleanl9ess1 & 9 ?is way 7& also by remov+ decompos+ p>ticles ( food7 t5d to keep ! brea? sweet & :olesome4 ,! necess>y prop]ties ( a too? p[d] are cleans+ p[] unaccompani$ by any abrad+ or *emical action on ! tee? !mselves1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( antiseptic p[] to enable x to deal ) p>ticles ( /ale food1 & a complete abs5ce ( any disagreeable ta/e or smell4 ,^! conditions are easy to realize 9 practice1 & !re is a v l>ge numb] ( effici5t & good p[d]s1 z well z n a few :i* are apt to injure ! tee? if c>e is n tak5 to r9se out ! m\? v ?or\ghly aft] us+4 ,^! p[d]s include "s ( ! be/ cleans]s1 & h h5ce be5 admitt$ 9 ! foll[+ recipes1 mo/ly tak5 f ,engli% collections4 ,i4--,*>coal & sug>1 equal weights4 ,mix & flavor ) clove oil4 ,,ii4--,*>coal #aef p>ts ,r$ k9o #aef p>ts ,sug> #f p>ts ,flavor ) pepp]m9t oil ,,iii4--,*>coal #bgj p>ts ,sulphate ( qu99e #a "p ,magnesia #a "p ,sc5t to lik+4 ,,iv4--,*>coal #cj p>ts ,cream ( t>t> #h p>ts ,yell[ c9*ona b>k #d p>ts ,sug> #ae p>ts ,sc5t ) oil ( cloves4 ,v4--,sug> #abj p>ts ,alum #aj p>ts ,cream ( t>t> #bj p>ts ,co*9eal #c p>ts ,,vi4--,cream ( ,t>t> #a1jjj p>ts ,alum #aij p>ts ,c>bonate ( magnesia #cge p>ts ,sug> #cge p>ts ,co*9eal #ge p>ts ,ess5ce ,ceylon c9namon #ij p>ts ,ess5ce cloves #ge p>ts ,ess5ce ,engli% pepp]m9t #de p>ts ,,vii4--,sug> #bjj p>ts ,cream ( t>t> #djj p>ts ,magnesia #djj p>ts ,/>* #djj p>ts ,c9namon #cb p>ts ,mace #aa p>ts ,sulphate ( qu99e #af p>ts ,c>m9e #ag p>ts ,sc5t ) oil ( pepp]m9t & oil ( rose4 ,,viii4--,blea*+ p[d] #aa p>ts ,r$ coral #ab p>ts ,,ix4--,r$ c9*ona b>k #ab p>ts ,magnesia #ej p>ts ,co*9eal #i p>ts ,alum #f p>ts ,cream ( t>t> #ajj p>ts #bed ,engli% pepp]m9t oil #d p>ts ,c9namon oil #b p>ts ,gr9d ! fir/ five +r$i5ts sep>ately1 !n mix ! alum ) ! co*9eal1 & !n add to x ! cream ( t>t> & ! b>k4 ,9 ! meantime ! magnesia is mix$ ) ! ess5tial oils1 & f9ally ! :ole mass is mix$ ?r\gh a v f9e silk sieve4 ,x4--,:itewood *>coal #bej p>ts ,c9*ona b>k #abe p>ts ,sug> #bej p>ts ,pepp]m9t oil #ab p>ts ,c9namon oil #h p>ts ,,xi4--,precipitat$ *alk #gej p>ts ,cream ( t>t> #bej p>ts ,flor5ce orris root #bej p>ts ,sal ammoniac #fj p>ts ,amb]gris #d p>ts ,c9namon #d p>ts ,cori&] #d p>ts ,cloves #d p>ts ,rosewood #d p>ts ,,xii4--,dragon's blood #bej p>ts ,cream ( t>t> #cj p>ts ,flor5ce orris root #cj p>ts ,c9namon #af p>ts ,cloves #h p>ts ,,xiii4--,precipitat$ *alk #ejj p>ts ,dragon's blood #bej p>ts ,r$ s&alwood #abe p>ts ,alum #abe p>ts ,orris root #bej p>ts ,cloves #ae p>ts ,c9namon #ae p>ts ,vanilla #h p>ts ,rosewood #ae p>ts ,c>m9e lake #bej p>ts ,c>m9e #h p>ts ,,xiv4--,cream ( t>t> #aej p>ts ,alum #be p>ts ,co*9eal #ab p>ts ,cloves #be p>ts ,c9namon #be p>ts ,rosewood #f p>ts ,sc5t ) ess5ce ( rose4 ,,xv4--,coral #bj p>ts ,sug> #bj p>ts ,wood *>coal #f p>ts ,ess5ce ( v]va9 #a "p ,,xvi4--,precipitat$ *alk #ejj p>ts ,orris root #ejj p>ts ,c>m9e #a "p ,sug> #a "p ,ess5ce ( rose #d p>ts ,ess5ce ( n]oli #d p>ts ,,xvii4--,c9*ona b>k #ej p>ts ,*alk #ajj p>ts ,myrrh #ej p>ts ,orris root #ajj p>ts ,c9namon #ej p>ts ,c>bonate ( ammonia #ajj p>ts ,oil ( cloves4 #b p>ts ,,xviii4--,gum arabic #cj p>ts ,cut* #hj p>ts ,licorice juice #eej p>ts ,casc>illa #bj p>ts ,ma/ic #bj p>ts ,orris root #bj p>ts ,oil ( cloves #e p>ts ,oil ( pepp]m9t #ae p>ts ,extract ( amb] #e p>ts ,extract ( musk #e p>ts ,,xix4--,*alk #bjj p>ts ,cuttlebone #ajj p>ts ,orris root #ajj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #b p>ts ,lemon oil #d p>ts ,n]oli oil #a "p ,portugal oil #b p>ts ,,xx4--,borax #ej p>ts ,*alk #ajj p>ts ,myrrh #be p>ts ,orris root #bb p>ts ,c9namon #be p>ts ,,xxi4--,wood *>coal #cj p>ts ,:ite honey #cj p>ts ,vanilla sug> #cj p>ts ,c9*ona b>k #af p>ts ,flavor ) oil ( pepp]m9t4 ,,xxii4--,syrup ( #cc ,b4 #ch p>ts ,cuttlebone #bjj p>ts ,c>m9e lake #cj p>ts ,engli% oil ( pepp]m9t #e p>ts #bee ,,xxiii4--,r$ coral #ej p>ts ,c9namon #ab p>ts ,co*9eal #f p>ts ,alum #b #a_/h p>ts ,honey #abe p>ts ,wat] #f p>ts ,triturate ! co*9eal & ! alum ) ! wat]4 ,!n1 aft] all[+ !m to /& = #bd h\rs1 put 9 ! honey1 ! coral1 & ! c9namon4 ,:5 ! eff]vesc5ce has ceas$1 :i* happ5s 9 ab\t #dh h\rs1 flavor ) ess5tial oils to ta/e4 ,,xxiv4--,well-skimm$ honey #ej p>ts ,syrup ( pepp]m9t #ej p>ts ,orris root #ab p>ts ,sal ammoniac #ab p>ts ,cream ( t>t> #ab p>ts ,t9cture ( c9namon #c p>ts ,t9cture ( cloves #c p>ts ,t9cture ( vanilla #c p>ts ,oil ( cloves #a "p ,,xxv4--,cream ( t>t> #abj p>ts ,pumice #abj p>ts ,alum #cj p>ts ,co*9eal #cj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #c p>ts ,clove #c p>ts ,make to a ?ick pa/e ) honey or sug>4 ,,xxvi4--,honey #bej p>ts ,precipitat$ *alk #bej p>ts ,orris root #bej p>ts ,t9cture ( opium #g p>ts ,t9cture ( myrrh #g p>ts ,oil ( rose #b p>ts ,oil ( cloves #b p>ts ,oil ( nutmeg #b p>ts ,,xxvii4--,flor5t9e orris #f p>ts ,magnesium c>bonate #b p>ts ,almond soap #ab p>ts ,calcium c>bonate #fj p>ts ,?ymol #a "p ,alcohol1 quantity suffici5t4 ,p[d] ! solids & mix4 ,dissolve ! ?ymol 9 z little alcohol z possible1 & add p]fume 9 a mixture 9 equal p>ts ( oil ( pepp]m9t1 oil ( clove1 oil ( lemon1 & oil ( eucalyptus4 ,ab\t #a m9im ( ea* to e ounce ( p[d] w be suffici5t4 ,,xxviii4--,myrrh1 #aj p>ts2 sodium *loride1 #aj p>ts2 soot1 #e p>ts2 soap1 #e p>ts2 lime c>bonate1 #ejj p>ts4 ,,xxix4--,camphor1 #e p>ts2 soap1 #aj p>ts2 sac*>9e1 #j4be p>ts2 ?ymol1 #j4e p>ts2 lime c>bonate1 #ejj p>ts4 ,sc5t1 z desir$1 ) rose oil1 sassafras oil1 w9t]gre5 oil1 or pepp]m9t oil4 ,,xxx4--,p[d]$ camphor1 #f p>ts2 myrrh1 #ae p>ts2 p[d]$ ,p]uvian b>k1 #f p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #ab p>ts2 alcohol ( #hj ,f41 #ej p>ts4 ,mac]ate ! p[d]s 9 ! alcohol = a week & !n filt]4 ,,xxxi4--,soap1 #a2 sac*>9e4 #j4jbe2 ?ymol1 #j4je2 lime c>bonate1 #ej2 sassafras ess5ce1 en\gh to p]fume4 ,,xxxii4--,camphor1 #j4e2 soap1 #a2 sac*>9e1 #j4jbe2 calcium c>bonate1 #ej2 oil ( sassafras1 or cassia1 or ( gaul!ria1 en\gh to p]fume4 ,,xxxiii4--,myrrh1 #a2 sodium *loride1 #a2 soap1 #ej2 lime c>bonate1 #ej2 rose oil z requir$4 ,,xxxiv4--,precipitat$ calcium c>bonate1 #fj p>ts2 qu99e sulphate1 #b p>ts2 sapon9e1 #j4a "p2 sac*>9e1 #j4a "p2 c>m9e z requir$2 oil ( pepp]m9t1 suffici5t4 ,,xxxv4--,boracic acid1 #ajj p>ts2 p[d]$ />*1 #ej p>ts2 qu99e hydro*lorate1 #aj p>ts2 sac*>9e1 #a "p2 vanill9 7dissolv$ 9 alcohol71 #a4e p>ts4 ,neutral ,too? ,p[d]4--,potassium *lorate1 #bjj p>ts2 />*1 #bjj p>ts2 c>m9e lake1 #dj p>ts2 sac*>9e 79 alcoholic solution71 #a "p2 vanill9 7dissolv$ 9 alcohol71 #a "p4 ,too? ,p[d] = ,*ildr54-- ,magnesia c>bonate #aj p>ts ,m$ic9al soap #aj p>ts ,sepia p[d] #hj p>ts ,pepp]m9t oil1 quantity suffici5t to flavor4 ,flavor+s = ,d5tifrice4-- ,i4--,sassafras oil1 true #a dra*m ,p9us pumilio oil #bj m9ims ,bitt] orange oil #bj m9ims ,w9t]gre5 oil #b m9ims ,anise oil #d m9ims ,rose g]anium oil #a m9im ,alcohol #a ounce ,use accord+ to ta/e4 ,,ii4--,oil ( pepp]m9t1 ,engli% #d p>ts ,oil ( anise$ #f p>ts #bef ,oil ( clove #a "p ,oil ( c9namon #a "p ,saffron #a "p ,deodoriz$ alcohol #cej p>ts ,wat] #cjj p>ts ,or1 cassia1 #d p>ts1 & vanilla1 #a_/b "p1 may be sub/itut$ = ! saffron4 ,,liquid ,,d5tifrices ,,& ,,too? ,,wa%es3 ,a ,fr5* ,d5tifrice4--,i4--,a prep>ation :i* has a reputation 9 ,france z a liquid d5tifrice is compos$ ( alcohol1 #if p] c5t1 #a1jjj p>ts2 ,mit*am pepp]m9t oil1 #cj p>ts2 anise$ oil1 #e p>ts2 oil ( ,acorus calamus1 #j4e p>ts4 ,f9ely p[d]$ co*9eal & cream ( t>t>1 #e p>ts ea*1 are us$ to t9t ! solution4 ,! mix$ +r$i5ts are set aside = #ad days be=e filt]+4 ,sozodont4-- ,,ii4--,! liquid too? prep>ation 8,sozodont0 is said to conta93 ,soap p[d]1 #fj p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #fj p>ts2 alcohol1 #cfj p>ts2 wat]1 #bbj p>ts2 oils ( pepp]m9t1 ( anise$1 ( clov]1 & ( c9namon1 #a "p ea*2 oil ( w9t]gre51 #a-bjj "p4 ,,iii4--,?ymol #b gra9s ,b5zoic acid #bd gra9s ,t9cture eucalyptus #b dra*ms ,alcohol quantity suffici5t to make #b ounces4 ,mix4 ,sig43 ,a teaspoonful dilut$ ) half a w9eglassful ( wat]4 ,,iv4--,c>bolic acid1 pure #b ounces ,glyc]9e1 #a1bfj #a ounce ,oil w9t]gre5 #f dra*ms ,oil c9namon #c dra*ms ,p[d]$ co*9eal #a_/b dra*m ,s4 ,v4 ,r #dj ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #dj ounces ,dissolve ! acid 9 ! glyc]9e ) ! aid ( a g5tle heat & ! ess5tial oils 9 ! _s2 mix toge!r1 & add ! wat] & co*9eal2 !n let ! prep>ation /& = a week & filt]4 ,a mixture ( c>amel & co*9eal color+1 ,n4 ,f41 gives an agreeable r$ color = saponace\s too? wa%es4 ,x is n p]man5t1 h[ev]4 ,v>iations ( ?is =mula foll[3 ,v4--,:ite ca/ile soap #a ounce ,t9cture ( as>um #b dra*ms ,oil ( pepp]m9t #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( cloves #e drops ,oil ( cassia #e drops ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,alcohol #ad ounces ,wat] #ad ounces ,,vi4--,:ite ca/ile soap #a #a_/b ounces ,oil ( orange #aj m9ims ,oil ( cassia #e m9ims ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #ae m9ims ,glyc]9e #c ounces ,alcohol #h ounces ,wat] en\gh to make #a qu>t4 ,,vii4--,:ite ca/ile soap #c ounces ,glyc]9e #e ounces ,wat] #bj ounces ,alcohol #cj ounces ,oil ( pepp]m9t #a dra*m ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #a dra*m ,oil ( orange peel #a dra*m ,oil ( anise #a dra*m ,oil ( cassia #a dra*m ,beat up ! soap ) ! glyc]9e2 dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol & add to ! soap & glyc]9e4 ,/ir well until ! soap is completely dissolv$4 ,,viii4--,:ite ca/ile soap #a ounce ,orris root #d ounces ,rose leaves #d ounces ,oil ( rose #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( n]oli #a_/b dra*m ,co*9eal #a_/b ounce ,dilut$ alcohol #b qu>ts ,if ! wa% is int5d$ simply z an elixir = sweet5+ ! brea?1 ! foll[+ prep>ation1 resembl+ ! celebrat$ eau de botot1 w be f\nd v desirable3 ,,ix4--,oil ( pepp]m9t #cj m9ims ,oil ( spe>m9t #ae m9ims ,oil ( cloves #e m9ims ,oil ( r$ c$> wood #fj m9ims ,t9cture ( myrrh #a ounce ,alcohol #a p9t ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to conf\nd ! oil ( c$> tops ) ! oil ( c$> wood4 ,! =m] has an odor l turp5t9e2 ! latt] has ! fragrance ( ! r$ c$> wood4 ,= a cleans+ wa%1 a solution ( soap is to be recomm5d$4 ,x may be made aft] ! foll[+ =mula3 ,x4--,:ite ca/ile soap #a ounce ,alcohol #f ounces ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,hot wat] #f ounces ,oil ( pepp]m9t #ae m9ims ,oil ( w9t]gre5 #bj m9ims ,oil ( cloves #e m9ims ,extract ( vanilla #a_/b ounce ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! hot wat] & add ! glyc]9e & extract ( vanilla4 ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol1 mix ! solutions1 & aft] #bd h\rs filt] ?r\gh pap]4 #beg ,x is cu/om>y to color su* prep>ations4 ,an agreeable br[n-yell[ t9t may be giv5 by ! addition ( a small quantity ( c>amel4 ,a r$ color may be giv5 by co*9eal4 ,! color w fade1 b w be f\nd reasonably p]man5t :5 kept f /rong light4 ,,too? ,,soaps ,,& ,,pa/es3 ,too? ,soaps4-- ,i4--,:ite ca/ile soap #bbe p>ts ,precipitat$ *alk #bbe p>ts ,orris root #bbe p>ts ,oil ( pepp]m9t #g p>ts ,oil ( cloves #d p>ts ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,,ii4--,ca/ile soap #ajj dra*ms ,precipitat$ *alk #ajj dra*ms ,p[d]$ orris root #ajj dra*ms ,:ite sug> #ej dra*ms ,rose wat] #ej dra*ms ,oil ( cloves #ajj drops ,oil ( pepp]m9t #c dra*ms ,dissolve ! soap 9 wat]1 add ! rose wat]1 !n rub up ) ! sug> ) :i* ! oils h be5 previ\sly triturat$1 ! orris root & ! precipitat$ *alk4 ,,iii4--,potassium *lorate1 #bj dra*ms2 p[d]$ :ite soap1 #aj dra*ms2 precipitat$ *alk1 #bj dra*ms2 pepp]m9t oil1 #ae drops2 clove oil1 #e drops2 glyc]9e1 suffici5t to mass4 ,use ) a s(t bru%4 ,saponace\s ,too? ,pa/es4-- ,i4--,precipitat$ c>bonate ( lime #ij p>ts ,soap p[d] #cj p>ts ,ossa sepia1 p[d]$ #ae p>ts ,t9cture ( coca9e #de p>ts ,oil ( pepp]m9t #f p>ts ,oil ( ylang-ylang #j4c p>ts ,glyc]9e #cj p>ts ,rose wat] to cause liquefaction4 ,c>m9e solution to color4 ,,ii4--,precipitat$ c>bonate ( lime #aej p>ts ,soap p[d] #de p>ts ,arr[root #de p>ts ,oil ( eucalyptus #b p>ts ,oil ( pepp]m9t #a "p ,oil ( g]anium #a "p ,oil ( cloves #j4be p>ts ,oil ( anise$ #j4be p>ts ,glyc]9e #de p>ts ,*lor(orm wat] to cause liquefaction4 ,c>m9e solution to color4 ,*]ry ,too? ,pa/e4-- ,,iii4--,cl>ifi$ honey #ajj dra*ms ,precipitat$ *alk #ajj dra*ms ,p[d]$ orris root #ajj dra*ms ,p[d]$ rose leaves #fj drops ,oil ( cloves #ee drops ,oil ( mace #ee drops ,oil ( g]anium #ee drops ,*9ese ,too? ,pa/e4-- ,,iv4--,p[d]$ pumice #ajj dra*ms ,/>* #bj dra*ms ,oil ( pepp]m9t #dj drops ,c>m9e #a_/d dra*m ,eucalyptus ,pa/e4--,=ty dra*ms precipitat$ *alk1 #aa dra*ms soap p[d]1 #aa dra*ms :eat5 />*1 #a_/d dra*m c>m9e1 #cj drops oil ( pepp]m9t1 #cj drops oil ( g]anium1 #fj drops eucalyptus oil1 #b drops oil ( cloves1 #ab drops oil ( anise mix$ toge!r & incorporat$ to a pa/e1 ) a mixture ( equal p>ts ( glyc]9e & _s4 ,myrrh ,too? ,pa/e4-- ,precipitat$ *alk #h ounces ,orris #h ounces ,:ite ca/ile soap #b ounces ,borax #b ounces ,myrrh #a ounce ,glyc]9e1 quantity suffici5t4 ,color & p]fume to suit4 ,a ?\s& grams ( levigat$ p[d]$ oy/] %ells are rubb$ up ) #ab dra*ms ( co*9eal to a homog5e\s p[d]4 ,to ?is is add$ #a dra*m ( potassium p]manganate & #a dra*m boric acid & rubb$ well up4 ,foam up #bjj dra*ms ca/ile soap & #e dra*ms *emically pure glyc]9e & mix x ) ! =ego+ mass1 add+ by teaspoonful #aej grams ( boil+ /ra9$ honey4 ,! :ole mass is aga9 ?or\ghly rubb$ up1 add+ :ile do+ s #bjj drops honey4 ,f9ally ! mass %\ld be put into a mort> & p\nd$ = an h\r & !n knead$ ) ! h&s = #b h\rs4 ,too? ,pa/e to be put 9 ,collapsible ,tubes4-- ,calcium c>bonate1 levigat$ #ajj p>ts ,cuttlefi% bone1 9 f9e p[d] #be p>ts ,ca/ile soap1 old :ite1 p[d]$ #be p>ts ,t9cture ( c>m9e1 ammoniat$ #d p>ts ,simple syrup #be p>ts #beh ,m5?ol #b p>ts ,alcohol #e p>ts ,att> ( rose or o!r p]fume1 quantity suffici5t4 ,rose wat] suffici5t to make a pa/e4 ,beat ! soap ) a little rose wat]1 !n w>m until s(t5$1 add syrup & t9cture ( c>m9e4 ,dissolve ! p]fume & m5?ol 9 ! alcohol & add to soap mixture4 ,add ! solids & incorporate ?or\ghly4 ,f9ally1 "w to a prop] consi/5cy = fill+ into collapsible tubes1 add+ wat]1 if necess>y4 ,,m\? ,,wa%es4 ,i4--,quillaia b>k #abe p>ts ,glyc]9e #ie p>ts ,alcohol #aee p>ts ,mac]ate = #d days & add3 ,acid4 c>bol4 cry/ #d p>ts ,ol4 g]anii #j4f p>ts ,ol4 c>yophyll #j4f p>ts ,ol4 ros #j4f p>ts ,ol4 c9nam #j4f p>ts ,t9ct4 ratanh #de p>ts ,aqua ros #ijj p>ts ,mac]ate aga9 = #d days & filt]4 ,?ymol #bj p>ts ,pepp]m9t oil #aj p>ts ,clove oil #e p>ts ,sage oil #e p>ts ,m>joram oil #c p>ts ,sassafras oil #c p>ts ,w9t]gre5 oil #j4e p>ts ,c\m>9 #j4e p>ts ,alcohol1 dil4 #a1jjj p>ts ,a teaspoonful 9 a glass ( wat]4 ,,ii4--,t9cture orris 7#a 9 #d7 #a #a_/b p>ts ,lav5d] wat] #a_/b "p ,t9ct4 c9namon 7#a 9 #h7 #a "p ,t9ct4 yell[ c9* b>k #a "p ,eau de cologne #b p>ts ,orris & ,rose4-- ,,iii4--,orris root #cj dra*ms ,rose leaves #h dra*ms ,soap b>k #h dra*ms ,co*9eal #c #a_/b dra*ms ,dilut$ alcohol #dge dra*ms ,oil rose #cj drops ,oil n]oli #dj drops ,myrrh ,a/r+5t4-- ,,iv4--,t9cture myrrh #abe dra*ms ,t9cture b5zo9 #ej dra*ms ,t9cture c9*ona #h dra*ms ,alcohol #bbe dra*ms ,oil ( rose #cj drops ,borotonic4-- ,v4--,acid boric #bj p>ts ,oil w9t]gre5 #aj p>ts ,glyc]9e #aaj p>ts ,alcohol #aej p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] en\gh to make #fjj p>ts ,sweet ,salicyl4-- ,,vi4--,acid salicylic #d p>ts ,sac*>9e #a "p ,sodium bic>bonate #a "p ,alcohol #bjj p>ts ,foam+ ,orange4-- ,,vii4--,ca/ile soap #bi dra*ms ,oil orange #aj drops ,oil c9namon #e drops ,di/ill$ wat] #cj dra*ms ,alcohol #ij dra*ms ,au/ralian ,m9t4-- ,,viii4--,?ymol #j4be p>ts ,acid b5zoic #c p>ts ,t9cture eucalyptus #ae p>ts ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,oil pepp]m9t #j4ge p>ts ,fragrant ,d5t9e4-- ,,ix4--,soap b>k #abe p>ts ,glyc]9e #ie p>ts ,alcohol #aee p>ts ,rose wat] #dej p>ts ,mac]ate = #d days & add3 ,c>bolic acid1 cry/ #d p>ts ,oil g]anium #j4f p>ts ,oil cloves #j4f p>ts ,oil rose #j4f p>ts ,oil c9namon #j4f p>ts ,t9cture rhatany #de p>ts ,rose wat] #dej p>ts ,all[ to /& #d days2 !n filt]4 ,aromantiseptic4-- ,x4--,?ymol #bj p>ts ,oil pepp]m9t #aj p>ts ,oil cloves #e p>ts ,oil sage #e p>ts ,oil m>joram #c p>ts ,oil sassafras #c p>ts ,oil w9t]gre5 #j4e p>ts ,c\m>9 #j4e p>ts ,dilut$ alcohol #a1jjj p>ts ,! products ( ! =ego+ =mulas are us$ 9 ! proportion ( #a teaspoonful 9 a half glassful ( wat]4 ,foam+4-- ,,xi4--,soap b>k1 p[d] #b ounces ,co*9eal p[d] #fj gra9s ,glyc]9e #c ounces #bei ,alcohol #aj ounces ,wat] suffici5t to make #cb ounces ,mix ! soap1 co*9eal1 glyc]9e alcohol1 & wat] toge!r2 let mac]ate = sev]al days2 filt] & flavor2 if same produces turbidity1 %ake up ! mixture ) magnesium c>bonate1 & filt] ?r\gh pap]4 ,odont]4-- ,,xii4--,soap b>k1 p[d] #b ounces ,cudbe>1 p[d] #d dra*ms ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,alcohol #ad ounces ,wat] suffici5t to make #cb ounces ,mix1 & let mac]ate ) frequ5t agitation1 = sev]al days2 filt]2 add flavor2 if necess>y filt] aga9 ?r\gh magnesium c>bonate or pap] pulp4 ,sweet ,anise4-- ,,xiii4--,soap b>k #b ounces ,anise$ #d dra*ms ,cloves #d dra*ms ,c9namon #d dra*ms ,co*9eal #fj gra9s ,vanilla #fj gra9s ,oil ( pepp]m9t #a dra*m ,alcohol #af ounces ,wat] suffici5t to make #cb ounces ,r$uce ! drugs to co>se p[d]1 dissolve ! oil ( pepp]m9t 9 ! alcohol1 add equal p>ts ( wat]1 & mac]ate !re9 ! p[d]s = #e to #f days1 ) frequ5t agitation2 place 9 p]colator & p]colate until #cb fluid\nces h be5 obta9$4 ,let /& = a week & filt] ?r\gh pap]2 if necess>y to make x p]fectly bright & cle>1 %ake up ) "s magnesia1 & aga9 filt]4 ,saponace\s4-- ,,xiv4--,:ite ca/ile soap #b ounces ,glyc]9e #b ounces ,alcohol #h ounces ,wat] #d ounces ,oil pepp]m9t #bj drops ,oil w9t]gre5 #cj drops ,solution ( c>m9e ,n4 ,f4 suffici5t to color4 ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! alcohol & wat]1 add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 & filt]4 ,,xv4--,cry/alliz$ c>bolic acid #d p>ts ,eucalyptol #a "p ,salol #b p>ts ,m5?ol #j4be p>ts ,?ymol #j4a "p ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,dye ) co*9eal 7#a #a_/b p] c5t74 ,jackson's ,m\? ,wa%4--,fre% lemon peel1 #aj p>ts2 fre% sweet orange peel1 #aj p>ts2 angelica root1 #aj p>ts2 guaiacum wood1 #cj p>ts2 balsam ( ,tolu1 #ab p>ts2 b5zo91 #ab p>ts2 ,p]uvian balsam1 #d p>ts2 myrrh1 #c p>ts2 alcohol 7#ij p] c5t71 #ejj p>ts4 ,tablets = ,antiseptic ,m\? ,wa%4--,heliotrop9e1 #j4ja "p2 sac*>9e1 #j4ja "p2 salicylic acid1 #j4ja "p2 m5?ol1 #a "p2 milk sug>1 #e p>ts4 ,^! tablets may be dy$ gre51 r$1 or blue1 ) *lorophyll1 eos9e1 & indigo c>m9e1 respectively4 ,depilatories ,depilatory ,cream4--,! depilatory cream l>gely us$ 9 ,new ,york hospitals = ! removal ( hair f ! sk9 previ\s to op]ations3 ,i4--,b>ium sulphide #c p>ts ,/>* #a "p ,wat]1 suffici5t quantity4 ,! mix$ p[d]s are to be made into a pa/e ) wat]1 & appli$ 9 a mod]ately ?ick lay] to ! p>ts to be d5ud$ ( hair1 ! excess ( ! latt] hav+ be5 previ\sly trimm$ (f ) a pair ( scissors4 ,f "t to "t a small "p ( ! surface %\ld be exam9$1 & :5 x is se5 t ! hair c be remov$1 ! mass %\ld be wa%$ (f4 ,! b>ium sulphide %\ld be q fre%4 ,x c be prep>$ by mak+ b>ium sulphate & its own weight ( *>coal into a pa/e ) l9se$ oil1 roll+ ! pa/e into ! %ape ( a sausage1 & plac+ x ^u a bright fire to inc9]ate4 ,:5 x has ceas$ to burn1 & is a :ite hot mass1 remove f ! fire1 cool1 & p[d]4 ,! =mula is giv5 ) "s res]ve1 = prep>ations ( ?is k9d are usually unsafe unless us$ ) great c>e4 ,x %\ld be remov$ promptly :5 ! sk9 beg9s to burn4 ,,ii4--,b>ium sulphide #be p>ts ,soap #e p>ts ,talc #ce p>ts ,/>* #ce p>ts ,b5zaldehyde suffici5t to make #abj p>ts ,p[d] ! solids & mix4 ,to use1 to a "p ( ?is mixture add #c p>ts ( wat]1 at ! "t ( its application1 & ) a camel's-hair p5cil pa9t ! mixture ev5ly ov] ! spot to be fre$ ( hair4 ,let rema9 9 contact ) ! #bfj sk9 = #e m9utes1 !n wa% (f ) a sponge1 & 9 ! c\rse ( #e m9utes long] ! hair w come (f on slight friction ) ! sponge4 ,/rontium sulphide is an effici5t depilatory4 ,a conv5i5t =m ( apply+ x is z foll[s3 ,,iii4--,/rontium sulphide #b p>ts ,z9c oxide #c p>ts ,p[d]$ />* #c p>ts ,mix well & keep 9 ! dry /ate until want$ = use1 tak+ !n a suffici5t quantity1 =m+ into a pa/e ) w>m wat] & apply+ to ! surface to be depriv$ ( hair4 ,all[ to rema9 f #a to #e m9utes1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! hair & sk92 x is n advisable to cont9ue ! application long] ?an ! la/ nam$ p]iod4 ,remove 9 all cases at once :5 any cau/ic action is felt4 ,aft] ! removal ( ! pa/e1 scrape ! sk9 g5tly b firmly ) a blunt-edg$ blade 7a pap] knife1 = in/ance7 until ! loos5$ hair is remov$4 ,!n imm$iately wa% ! d5ud$ surface well ) w>m wat]1 & apply cold cream or "s simil> emolli5t z a dress+4 ,by weight ,,iv4--,alcohol #ab p>ts ,collodion #ce p>ts ,iod9e #j4ge p>ts ,ess5ce ( turp5t9e #a4e p>ts ,ca/or oil #b p>ts ,apply ) a bru% on ! affect$ p>ts = #c or #d days 9 ?ick coats4 ,:5 ! collodion pla/] ?us =m$ is pull$ (f1 ! hairs adh]e to its inn] surface4 ,v4--,ros9 /icks are int5d$ = ! removal ( hairs & are made f colophony ) an admixture ( #aj p] c5t ( yell[ wax4 ,! /icks are heat$ l a /ick ( seal+ wax until s(t or semi-liquid 7#adb ,f471 & lightly appli$ on ! place f :i* ! hair is to be remov$1 & ! mass is all[$ to cool4 ,^! ros9 /icks are said to give good satisfaction4 ,,dep?+s1 ,,v]ification ,,(3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,desilv]+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,det]g5ts3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,develop]s ,,= ,,photographic ,,purposes3 ,see ,photography4 ,,dextr9 ,,pa/es ,,& ,,mucilages3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,dial ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,jewel]s' ,cem5ts4 ,,dial ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,dial ,,repair+3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,diamalt3 ,see ,milk4 ,,diamond ,,te/s3 ,see also ,gems & ,jewel]s' ,=mulas4 ,to ,di/+ui% ,g5u9e ,diamonds4--,if *>act]s or m>ks ( any k9d are drawn ) an alum9um p5cil on glass1 porcela91 or any sub/ance conta9+ silex1 ! m>ks _c be eras$ by rubb+1 h[ev] en]getic ! friction1 & ev5 acids w n cause !m to disappe> entirely1 unless ! surface is entirely fre$ f greasy matt]1 :i* c be accompli%$ by rubb+ ) :it+ & pass+ a moi/5$ clo? ov] ! surface at ! "t ( writ+4 ,s1 9 ord] to di/+ui% ! true diamond f ! false1 x is necess>y only to wipe ! /one c>efully & trace a l9e on x ) an alum9um p5cil1 & !n rub x briskly ) a moi/5$ clo?4 ,if ! l9e cont9ues visible1 ! /one is surely false4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! /one is a true diamond1 ! l9e w disappe> )\t leav+ a trace1 & )\t injury to ! /one4 ,! common te/ = recogniz+ ! diamond is ! file1 :i* does n cut x1 ?\gh x readily attacks imitations4 ,!re are o!r /ones n affect$ by ! file1 b !y h *>act]i/ics ( color & o!r effects by :i* !y are readily di/+ui%$4 ,?is te/ %\ld be confirm$ by o!rs4 ,f ! foll[+ ! read] c select ! mo/ conv5i5t3 ,a piece ( glass on :i* ! edge ( a diamond is drawn1 w be cut )\t mu* pressure2 a slight bl[ is suffici5t to sep>ate ! glass4 ,an imitation may scrat* ! glass1 b ?is w n be cut z ) ! diamond4 #bfa ,if a small drop ( wat] is plac$ ^u ! face ( a diamond & mov$ ab\t by means ( ! po9t ( a p91 x w pres]ve its globul> =m1 provid$ ! /one is clean & dry4 ,if ! attempt is made on glass1 ! drop w spread4 ,a diamond imm]s$ 9 a glass ( wat] w be di/9ctly visible1 & w %9e cle>ly ?r\gh ! liquid4 ,! imitation /one w be conf\nd$ ) ! wat] & w be ne>ly invisible4 ,by look+ ?r\gh a diamond ) a glass at a black po9t on a %eet ( :ite pap]1 a s+le di/9ct po9t w be se54 ,sev]al po9ts1 or a foggy po9t w appe> if ! /one is spuri\s4 ,hydr(luoric acid dissolves all imitations1 b has no effect on true diamonds4 ,?is acid is kept 9 gutta-p]*a bottles4 ,= an eye practic$ 9 comp>isons x is n difficult to disc]n t ! facets 9 ! cut ( a true diamond are n z regul> z are ^? ( ! imitation2 = 9 cutt+ & poli%+ ! real /one an ef=t is made to pres]ve ! orig9al z mu* z possible1 pref]r+ "s slight irregul>ities 9 ! planes & edges to ! loss 9 ! weight1 = we all "k t diamonds are sold by weight4 ,9 an imitation1 h[ev]1 :e!r ( pa/e or ano!r less valuable /one1 !re is always an abundance ( *eap mat]ial :i* may be cut away & !reby =m a p]fect-appe>+ /one4 ,take a piece ( a fabric1 /rip$ r$ & :ite1 & draw ! /one to be te/$ ov] ! colors4 ,if x is an imitation1 ! colors w be se5 ?r\gh x1 :ile a diamond w n all[ !m to be se54 ,a g5u9e diamond1 rubb$ on wood or metal1 aft] hav+ be5 previ\sly expos$ to ! light ( ! electric arc1 becomes phosphoresc5t 9 d>kness1 :i* does n occur ) imitations4 ,heat ! /one to be te/$1 aft] giv+ x a coat+ ( borax1 & let x fall into cold wat]4 ,a diamond w und]go ! te/ )\t ! slighte/ damage2 ! glass w be brok5 9 pieces4 ,f9ally1 try ) ! f+]s to cru% an imitation & a g5u9e diamond betwe5 two co9s1 & y w soon see ! diff]5ce4 ,,diamond ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,jewel]s' ,cem5ts4 ,,di>rhea ,,9 ,,birds3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,di>rhea ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,*ol]a ,rem$ies4 ,die ,v5t+4--,_m pressm5 h sp5t h\rs & days 9 ! endeavor to produce %>p & full impressions on figur$ patt]ns4 ,if all ! deep recesses 9 deep-figur$ dies are v5t$ to all[ ! air to escape :5 ! bl[ is /ruck1 x w d mu* to obta9 p]fect impressions1 & requires only half ! =ce t is necess>y 9 unv5t$ dies4 ,?is is n kn[n 9 _m %ops & consequ5tly ?is little air co/s mu* 9 p[] & worry4 ,,dige/ive ,,p[d]s ,,& ,,tablets4 ,i4--,sodium bic>bonate #ic p>ts ,sodium *lorate #d p>ts ,calcium c>bonate #c p>ts ,peps9 #e p>ts ,ammonium c>bonate #a "p ,,ii4--,sodium bic>bonate #abj p>ts ,sodium *lorate #e p>ts ,sal physiologic 7see bel[7 #d p>ts ,magnesium c>bonate #aj p>ts ,,iii4--,peps91 sac*>at$ 7,u4 ,s4 ,p47 #aj dra*ms ,pancreat9 #aj dra*ms ,dia/ase #ej dra*ms ,acid1 lactic #dj drops ,sug> ( milk #dj dra*ms ,,iv4--,pancreat9 #c p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #ae p>ts ,milk sug> #b p>ts ,sal ,physiologicum4--,! =mula = ?is +r$i5t1 ! s-call$ nutritive salt 7,nahrsalz71 is z foll[s3 ,calcium phosphate #dj p>ts ,potassium sulphate #b p>ts ,sodium phosphate #bj p>ts ,sulphuric1 precipitat$ #e p>ts ,sodium *lorate #fj p>ts ,magnesium phosphate #e p>ts ,c>lsbad salts1 artificial #fj p>ts ,silicic acid #aj p>ts ,calcium fluoride #b #a_/b p>ts ,dige/ive ,tablets4-- ,p[d]$ d\ble ref9$ sug> #cjj p>ts ,subnitrate bismu? #fj p>ts ,sac*>at$ peps9 #de p>ts ,pancreat9 #de p>ts ,mucilage #ce p>ts ,g+] #cj p>ts ,mix & divide into suitable sizes4 #bfb ,,diog5 ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,dip ,,= ,,brass3 ,see ,plat+ & ,brass4 ,,dips3 ,see ,metals4 ,,dips ,,= ,,cattle3 ,see ,dis9fectants & ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,di% ,,wa%+3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas ,dis9fectants ,dis9fect+ ,fluids4-- ,i4--,creosote #dj gallons ,ros91 p[d]$ #ef p\nds ,cau/ic soda lye1 #ch ,tw #i gallons ,boil+ wat] #ab gallons ,me?ylat$ _s #a gallon ,black treacle #ad p\nds ,melt ! ros9 & add ! creosote2 run 9 ! lyes2 !n add ! matt] & me?ylat$ _s mix$ toge!r1 & add ! treacle2 boil all till dissolv$ & mix well toge!r4 ,,ii4--,hot wat] #abj p\nds ,cau/ic soda lye1 #ch ,b #abj p\nds ,ros9 #cjj p\nds ,creosote #dej p\nds ,boil toge!r ! wat]1 lye1 & ros91 till dissolv$2 turn (f /eam & /ir 9 ! creosote2 keep on /eam to ne>ly boil+ all ! "t1 b s z n to boil ov]1 until ?or\ghly incorporat$4 ,,iii4--,fre%-made soap 7h>d yell[7 #g p\nds ,gas t> #ba p\nds ,wat]1 ) #b p\nds soda #ba p\nds ,dissolve soap 7cut 9 f9e %av+s7 9 ! gas t>2 !n add sl[ly ! soda & wat] :i* has be5 dissolv$4 ,,iv4--,ros9 #a cwt4 ,cau/ic soda lye1 #ah ,b #af gallons ,black t> oil #a_/b gallon ,nitro-naph?al5e dissolv$ 9 boil+ wat] 7ab\t #a_/b gallon7 #b p\nds ,melt ! ros91 add ! cau/ic lye2 !n /ir 9 ! t> oil & add ! nitro-naph?al5e4 ,v4--,camphor #a ounce ,c>bolic acid 7#ge p] c5t7 #ab ounces ,aqua ammonia #aj dra*ms ,s(t salt wat] #h dra*ms ,to be dilut$ :5 requir$ = use4 ,,vi4--,heavy t> oil #aj gallons ,cau/ic soda dissolv$ 9 #e gallons wat] #fjj ,f #cj p\nds ,mix ! soda lyes ) ! oil1 & heat ! mixture g5tly ) con/ant /irr+2 add1 :5 j on ! boil1 #bj p\nds ( refuse fat or tall[ & #bj p\nds ( s(t soap2 cont9ue ! heat until ?or\ghly saponifi$1 & add wat] gradually to make up #dj gallons4 ,let x settle2 !n decant ! cle> liquid4 ,dis9fect+ ,fluids or ,we$-,kill]s4-- ,i4--,cold wat]1 #bj gallons2 p[d]$ ros91 #ef p\nds2 creosote oil1 #dj gallons2 sulphuric acid1 #a_/b gallon2 cau/ic soda lye1 #cj ,b41 #i gallons4 ,heat wat] & dissolve ! ros92 !n add creosote & boil to a br[n mass & %ut (f /eam2 next run 9 sulphuric acid & !n ! lyes4 ,,ii4--,wat] #dj gallons ,p[d]$ black ros9 #ef p\nds ,sulphuric acid #b #a_/b gallons ,creosote #aj gallons ,melt$ pit* #bd p\nds ,pe>la% boil$ 9 #aj gallons wat] #ef p\nds ,boil wat] & dissolve ros9 & acid2 !n add creosote & boil well aga92 add pit* & run 9 pe>la% solution 7boil+72 !n %ut (f /eam4 ,,iii4 7,:ite74--,wat]1 #dj gallons2 turp5t9e1 #b gallons2 ammonia1 #a_/b gallon2 c>bolic cry/als1 #ad p\nds2 cau/ic lyes1 #b gallons2 :ite sug>1 #fj p\nds1 dissolv$ 9 #dj p\nds wat]4 ,heat wat] to boil+1 & add fir/ turp5t9e1 next ammonia1 & !n c>bolic cry/als4 ,/ir well until ?or\ghly dissolv$1 & add lyes & sug> solution4 ,,dis9fect+ ,,p[d]s4 ,i4--,sulphate ( iron #ajj p>ts ,sulphate ( z9c #ej p>ts ,oak b>k1 p[d] #dj p>ts ,t> #e p>ts ,oil #e p>ts ,,ii4--,mix toge!r *loride ( lime & burnt umb]1 add wat]1 & set on plates4 #bfc ,blue ,sanit>y ,p[d]4-- ,p[d]$ alum #b p\nds ,oil ( eucalyptus #ab ounces ,rectifi$ spirits ( t> #f ounces ,rectifi$ _s ( turp5t9e #b ounces ,ultram>9e blue 7common7 #c_/d ounces ,common salt #ad p\nds ,mix alum ) ab\t #c p\nds ( salt 9 a l>ge mort>1 gradually add oil ( eucalyptus & spirits1 !n put 9 ! ultram>9e blue1 & la/ly rema9+ salt1 mix+ all well1 & pass+ ?r\gh a sieve4 ,c>bolic ,p[d]4 7,/rong74--,slak$ lime 9 f9e p[d]1 #a cwt42 c>bolic acid1 #ge p] c5t1 #b gallons4 ,color ) anil9e dye & !n pass ?r\gh a mod]ately f9e sieve & put into t9s or casks & keep air-tight4 ,p9k ,c>boliz$ ,sanit>y ,p[d]4-- ,p[d]$ alum #f ounces ,p[d]$ gre5 copp]as #e p\nds ,p[d]$ r$ lead #e p\nds ,calv]t's ,no4 #e c>bolic acid #ab #a_/b p\nds ,_s ( turp5t9e #a #a_/b p\nds ,calais s& #aj p\nds ,slak$ lime #fj p\nds ,mix c>bolic acid ) turp5t9e & s&1 !n add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 la/ly ! slak$ lime &1 aft] mix+1 pass ?r\gh a sieve4 ,x is advisable to use lime t has be5 slak$ "s "t4 ,cuspidor ,p[d]4--,peat rubble is gr\nd to a p[d]1 & #ajj p>ts put into a mix+ ma*9e1 :i* c be h]metically seal$4 ,!n #ae p>ts ( blue vitriol are add$ ei!r v f9ely pulv]iz$ or 9 a saturat$ aque\s solution4 ,next are add$ #b p>ts ( =mal91 & la/ly #a "p ( gr\nd cloves1 orange peel1 or a suffici5t quantity ( "s volatile oil1 to give ! desir$ p]fume4 ,! mix+ ma*9e is !n clos$1 & kept at "w until ! con/itu5ts are p]fectly mix$2 ! p[d] is !n ready to be put up = ! m>ket4 ,its purpose is to effect a rapid absorption ( ! sputum1 ) simultane\s de/ruction ( any microbes pres5t1 & to prev5t decomposition & consequ5t unpleasant odors4 ,deodorants = ,wat]-,closets4-- ,i4--,f]ric *loride #d p>ts ,z9c *loride #e p>ts ,alum9um *loride #e p>ts ,calcium *loride #d p>ts ,magnesium *loride #c p>ts ,wat] suffici5t to make #ij p>ts ,dissolve1 & add to ea* gallon #aj gra9s ?ymol & #a_/d ounce oil ( rosem>y1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 ab\t #f qu>ts ( alcohol1 & filt]4 ,,ii4--,sulphuric acid1 fum+ #ij p>ts ,potassium p]manganate #de p>ts ,wat] #d1bjj p>ts ,dissolve ! p]manganate 9 ! wat]1 & add "u ! acid4 ,?is is said to be a mo/ p[]ful dis9fectant1 deodoriz]1 & g]micide4 ,x %\ld n be us$ :]e !re are metal trimm+s4 ,=maldehyde = ,dis9fect+ ,books1 ,pap]s1 etc4--,! prop]ty ( =maldehyde ( p5etrat+ all k9ds ( pap]1 ev5 :5 fold$ toge!r 9 sev]al lay]s1 may be utiliz$ = a p]fect dis9fection ( books & lett]s1 especially at a temp]ature ( #hf to #abb ,f4 9 a clos$ room4 ,! degree ( p5etration z well z ! dis9fect+ p[] ( ! =maldehyde dep5d ^u ! me?od ( g5]at+ ! gas4 ,lett]s1 pap] 9 clos$ envelopes1 are completely dis9fect$ only 9 #ab h\rs1 books 9 #bd h\rs at a temp]ature ( #abb ,f4 :5 #gj cubic c5timet]s ( =mo-*loral--#ag4e g4 ( gas--p] cubic met] ( space are us$4 ,books mu/ be /ood up 9 su* a mann] t ! gas c ent] f ! sides4 ,bacilli ( typhoid pres]ve _! vitality long] ^u unsiz$ pap] & on filt]+ pap] ?an on o!r v>ieties4 ,!re is mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! dis9fect+ & deodoriz+ p[] ( =maldehyde :5 us$ to dis9fect wood5 ti]ces4 ,:ile "s h f\nd x to answ] well1 o!rs h got v>iable results1 or fail$ ( success4 ,! explanation seems to be t ^? :o h obta9$ poor results h n all[$ "t = ! dis9fectant to p5etrate ! pores ( ! wood1 ! me?od ( application be+ wrong4 ,! solution is ?r[n into ! ti]ce1 :i* is !n /eam$ out at once1 :]eby ! aldehyde is volatiliz$ be=e x has _h "t to d its "w4 ,if ! =mal & ! /eam1 in/ead ( be+ us$ 9 succession1 7 us$ toge!r1 ! /eam w\ld c>ry ! dis9fectant into ! pores ( ! wood4 ,b a /ill bett] plan is to give ! aldehyde m "t4 #bfd ,ano!r po9t to be rememb]$ 9 all cases ( dis9fection by =maldehyde is t a me*anical cleans+ mu/ prec$e ! action ( ! antiseptic4 ,if !re are ?ick deposits ( organic matt] :i* c be easily dislodg$ ) a scrubb+ bru%1 !y c only be dis9fect$ by ! use ( l>ge quantities ( =maldehyde us$ dur+ a long p]iod ( "t4 ,g5]al ,dis9fectants4-- ,i4--,alum #aj ounces ,sodium c>bonate #aj ounces ,ammonium *loride #b ounces ,z9c *loride #a ounce ,sodium *loride #b ounces ,hydro*loric acid1 quantity suffici5t4 ,wat] to make #a gallon4 ,dissolve ! alum 9 "o half gallon ( boil+ wat]1 & add ! sodium c>bonate2 !n add hydro*loric acid until ! precipitate =m$ is dissolv$4 ,dissolve ! o!r salt 9 wat] & add to ! previ\s solution4 ,f9ally add en\gh wat] to make ! :ole measure #a gallon1 & filt]4 ,9 use1 ?is is dilut$ ) #g p>ts ( wat]4 ,,ii4--,= ! ,sick ,room4--,9 us+ ?is v5tilate frequ5tly3 ,guaiac1 #aj p>ts2 eucalyptol1 #h p>ts2 ph5ol1 #f p>ts2 m5?ol1 #d p>ts2 ?ymol1 #b p>ts2 oil ( cloves1 #a "p2 alcohol ( #ij p] c5t1 #agj p>ts4 ,atomiz] ,liquid = ,sick ,rooms4-- ,,iii4--,eucalyptol #aj p>ts by weight ,?yme oil #e p>ts by weight ,lemon oil #e p>ts by weight ,lav5d] oil #e p>ts by weight ,_s1 #ij p] c5t #aaj p>ts by weight ,to a p9t ( wat] a teaspoonful = evaporation4 ,non-,poison\s ,%eep ,dips4--,pa/e4-- ,i4--,creosote 7conta9+ #ae p] c5t to #bj p] c5t ( c>bolic acid7 #b p>ts ,/e>9e or ,york%ire grease specific gravity1 #acdj #a "p ,black ros91 #e p] c5t to #aj p] c5t4 ,melt ! ros9 & add grease & soda lyes1 & !n add creosote cold4 ,,ii4--,creosote #a "p ,crude h>d ros9 oil #a "p ,put ros9 oil 9 copp] & heat to ab\t #bbj ,f41 & add z mu* cau/ic soda p[d]1 #ih p] c5t /r5g?1 z ! oil w take up4 ,! quantity dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( acetic acid 9 ! oil4 ,if too mu* soda is add$ x w rema9 at ! bottom4 ,:5 ! ros9 oil has tak5 up ! soda add creosote1 & let x /&4 ,odorless ,dis9fectants4-- ,i4--,f]ric *loride #d p>ts ,z9c *loride #e p>ts ,alum9um *loride #e p>ts ,calcium *loride #d p>ts ,manganese *loride #c p>ts ,wat] #fi p>ts ,if desir$1 #aj gra9s ?ymol & #b fluidra*ms oil ( rosem>y1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 ab\t #ab fluidra*ms ( alcohol1 may be add$ to ea* gallon4 ,,ii4--,alum #aj p>ts ,sodium c>bonate #aj p>ts ,ammonium *loride #b p>ts ,sodium *loride #b p>ts ,z9c *loride #a "p ,hydro*loric acid1 suffici5t4 ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,dissolve ! alum 9 ab\t #ej p>ts boil+ wat] & add ! sodium c>bonate4 ,! result+ precipitate ( alum9um hydrate dissolve ) ! aid ( j suffici5t hydro*loric acid1 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts previ\sly dissolv$ 9 ! rema9d] ( ! wat]4 ,,iii4--,m]curic *loride #a "p ,cupric sulphate #aj p>ts ,z9c sulphate #ej p>ts ,sodium *loride #fe p>ts ,wat] to make #a1jjj p>ts4 ,p>is ,salts4--,! dis9fectant kn[n by ?is "n is a mixture made f ! foll[+ recipe3 ,z9c sulphate #di p>ts ,ammonia alum #di p>ts ,pota% p]manganate #a "p ,lime #a "p ,! +r$i5ts are fus$ toge!r1 mix$ ) a little calcium *loride1 & p]fum$ ) ?ymol4 ,platt's ,*lorides4-- ,i4--,alum9um sulphate #f ounces ,z9c *loride #a #a_/b ounces ,sodium *loride #b ounces ,calcium *loride #c ounces ,wat] en\gh to make #b p9ts4 ,,ii4--,a m elaborate =mula = a prep>ation said to resemble ! propriet>y article is z foll[s3 #bfe ,z9c1 9 /rips #d ounces ,lead c>bonate #b ounces ,*lor9at$ lime #a ounce ,magnesium c>bonate #a_/b ounce ,alum9um hydrate #a #a_/b ounces ,potassium hydrate #a_/b ounce ,hydro*loric acid #af ounces ,wat] #af ounces ,:it+1 en\gh4 ,dissolve ! z9c 9 ! acid2 !n add ! o!r salts s+ly 9 ! ord] nam$1 lett+ ea* dissolve be=e ! next is add$4 ,:5 all are dissolv$ add ! wat] to ! solution1 & aft] a c\ple ( h\rs add a little :it+ to neutralize any excess ( acid2 !n filt]4 ,z9c *loride ranks v l[ among dis9fectants1 & ! use ( su* solutions z ^!1 by giv+ a false s5se ( security f disease g]ms1 may be ! means ( spread+ r ?an ( *eck+ ! spread ( sickness4 ,dis9fect+ ,coat+4--,c>bolic acid1 #b p>ts2 manganese1 #c p>ts2 calcium *loride1 #b p>ts2 *9a clay1 #aj p>ts2 infusorial e>?1 #d p>ts2 dextr91 #b p>ts2 & wat]1 #aj p>ts4 ,,di/emp] ,,9 ,,cattle3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,diuretic ,,ball3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,dog ,,applications3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,dog ,,biscuit4 ,! wa/e portions ( meat & tall[1 includ+ ! sk9 & fib]1 h = ye>s be5 import$ f ,s\? ,am]ican tall[ factories 9 ! =m ( blocks4 ,mo/ ( ! dog bread consi/s pr9cipally ( ^! remnants1 *opp$ & mix$ ) fl\r4 ,!y conta9 a good deal ( firm fibr\s tissue1 & a l>ge p]c5tage ( fat1 b are lack+ 9 nutritive salts1 :i* mu/ be add$ to make good dog bread1 j z 9 ! case ( ! meat fl\r made f ! wa/e ( meat extract factories4 ,! fle% ( dead animals is n us$ by any reputable manufactur]s1 = ! reason t x gives a d>k color to ! d\gh1 has an unpleasant odor1 & if n prop]ly /]iliz$ w\ld be injuri\s to dogs z a /eady diet4 ,:eat fl\r1 conta9+ z little bran z possible1 is g5]ally us$1 oats1 rye1 or ,indian meal be+ only mix$ 9 to make special v>ieties1 or1 z 9 ! case ( ,indian meal1 = *eapness4 ,rye fl\r w\ld give a good flavor1 b x dries sl[ly1 & ! biscuits w\ld h to g ?r\gh a special process ( dry+ aft] bak+1 else !y w\ld mold & spoil4 ,dog bread mu/ be made f good :eat fl\r1 ( a m$ium sort1 mix$ ) #ae or #af p] c5t ( sweet1 dry *opp$ meat1 well bak$ & dri$ l pilot bread or crack]s4 ,?is is ! rule = all ! /&>d dog bread on ! m>ket4 ,!re are admixtures :i* affect m or less its nutritive value1 su* z salt1 vegetables1 *opp$ bones1 or bone meal1 phosphate ( lime1 & o!r nutritive salts4 ,9 prep>+ ! d\gh & 9 bak+1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep x light & por\s4 ,,dog ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,dog ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,don>ite3 ,see ,explosives4 ,,doors1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,doses ,,= ,,adults ,,& ,,*ildr54 ,! usual me?od pursu$ by m$ical m5 9 calculat+ ! doses ( m$ic9e = *ildr5 is to av]age ! dose 9 proportion to _! approximate weight or to figure out a dose ^u ! assumption t at #ab ye>s ( age half ( an adult dose w be ab\t "r4 ,calculat$ on ?is basis ! doses = ^? "u #ab w be 9 direct proportion to ! age 9 ye>s plus #ab1 divid$ into ! age4 ,by ?is rule a *ild #a ye> old %\ld get #a plus #ab1 or #ac1 divid+ #a1 or #a_/ac ( an adult dose4 ,if ! *ild is #b ye>s old x %\ld get #b plus #ab1 or #ad1 divid+ #b1 or #a_/g ( an adult dose4 ,a *ild ( #c ye>s %\ld get #c plus #ab1 or #ae1 divid+ #c1 or #a_/e ( an adult dose4 ,a *ild ( #d %\ld get #d plus #ab1 or #af1 divid+ #d1 or #a_/d ( an adult dose4 ,z bo? *ildr5 & adults v>y mat]ially 9 size :5 ( ! same age ! calculation by approximate weights is ! m accurate way4 ,tak+ ! weight ( ! av]age adult z #aej p\nds1 !n a boy1 man1 or woman1 :atev] ! age1 weigh+ only #ge p\nds %\ld receive only "o-half ( an adult dose1 & a man ( #cjj p\nds1 provid$ 8 weight is ! result ( a prop]ly proportion$ body1 & n due to m]e adipose #bff tissue1 %\ld be d\ble t ( ! av]age adult4 ,if ! weight is due to m]e fat or to "s diseas$ condition ( ! body1 su* a calculation w\ld be entirely wrong4 ,! object ( ! calculation is to get z ne>ly z possible to ! am\nt ( dilution ! dose und]goes 9 ! blood or 9 ! inte/9al cont5ts ( ! pati5t4 ,ea* volume ( blood %\ld receive exactly ! same dose 9 ord] to give ! same results1 o!r conditions be+ equal4 ,,dose ,,table ,,= ,,vet]9>y ,,purposes3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,draw+s1 ,,pres]vation ,,(4 ,work+ designs & sket*es are easily soil$ & r5d]$ unsuitable = fur!r use4 ,?is c be easily avoid$ by coat+ !m ) collodion1 to :i* #bd p] c5t ( /e>9e f a good /e>9e c&le has be5 add$4 ,lay ! draw+ on a glass plate or a bo>d1 & p\r on ! collodion1 z ! photograph] treats 8 plates4 ,aft] #aj or #bj m9utes ! design w be dry & p]fectly :ite1 possess+ a dull lu/]1 & be+ s well protect$ t x may be wa%$ (f ) wat] )\t fe> ( spoil+ x4 ,,draw+s1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,dri]s3 ,see ,siccatives4 ,,drill+1 ,,lubricant ,,=3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,dr9ks ,,= ,,summ] ,,& ,,w9t]3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,drops1 ,,table ,,(3 ,see ,tables4 ,,dry+ ,,oils3 ,see ,oil4 ,,dry ,,rot3 ,see ,rot4 ,,dubb+ ,,= ,,lea!r3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,du/-,,lay+3 ,see ,oil4 ,,du/ ,,prev5t]s ,,& ,,du/ ,,clo?s3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,dyes ,9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts ( dy]s1 _m ( ! foll[+ recipes describe dyes = l>ge quantities ( goods1 b to make !m equally adapt$ = ! use ( private families !y are usually giv5 9 ev5 quantities1 s t x is an easy matt] to asc]ta9 ! quantity ( mat]ials requir$ = dye+1 :5 once ! weight ( ! goods is kn[n1 ! quantity ( mat]ials us$ be+ r$uc$ 9 proportion to ! small] quantity ( goods4 ,employ s(t wat] = all dye+ purposes1 if x c be procur$1 us+ #d gallons wat] to #a p\nd ( goods2 = l>g] quantities a little less wat] w d4 ,let all ! implem5ts us$ 9 dye+ be kept p]fectly clean4 ,prep>e ! goods by sc\r+ well ) soap & wat]1 wa%+ out ! soap well1 & dipp+ 9 w>m wat]1 be=e imm]sion 9 ! dye or mordant4 ,goods %\ld be well air$1 r9s$1 & prop]ly hung up aft] dye+4 ,silks & f9e goods %\ld be t5d]ly h&l$1 o!rwise injury to ! fabric w result4 ,anil9e ,black4--,wat]1 #bj to #cj p>ts2 *lorate ( potassa1 #a "p2 sal ammoniac1 #a "p2 *loride ( copp]1 #a "p2 anil9e & hydro*loric acid1 ea* #a "p1 previ\sly mix$ toge!r4 ,x is ess5tial t ! prep>ation %\ld be acid1 & ! m acid x is ! m rapid w be ! production ( ! blacks2 if too mu* s1 x may injure ! fabric4 ,! fabric or y>n is dri$ 9 age+ rooms at a l[ temp]ature = #bd h\rs1 & wa%$ aft]w>ds4 ,black on ,cotton4--,= #dj p\nds goods1 use sumac1 #cj p\nds2 boil #c_/d ( an h\r2 let ! goods /eep ov]night1 & imm]se !m 9 limewat]1 #dj m9utes1 remove1 & all[ !m to drip #c_/d ( an h\r2 add copp]as1 #d p\nds1 to ! sumac liquor1 & dip #a h\r m2 next "w !m ?r\gh limewat] = #bj m9utes2 !n make a new dye ( logwood1 #bj p\nds1 boil #b #a_/b h\rs1 & ent] ! goods #c h\rs2 !n add bi*romate ( pota%1 #a p\nd1 to ! new dye1 & dip #a h\r m4 ,"w 9 clean cold wat] & dry out ( ! sun4 ,black ,/raw ,hat ,v>ni%4--,be/ alcohol1 #d ounces2 pulv]iz$ black seal+ wax1 #a ounce4 ,place 9 a phial1 & put ! phial into a w>m place1 /irr+ or %ak+ occasionally until ! wax is dissolv$4 ,apply x :5 w>m be=e ! fire or 9 ! sun4 ,?is makes a beautiful gloss4 #bfg ,*rome ,black = ,wool4--,= #dj p\nds ( goods1 use blue vitriol1 #c p\nds2 boil a %ort "t1 !n dip ! wool or fabric #c_/d ( an h\r1 air+ frequ5tly4 ,take out ! goods1 & make a dye ) logwood1 #bd p\nds2 boil #a_/b h\r1 dip #c_/d ( an h\r1 air ! goods1 & dip #a_/d ( an h\r long]2 !n wa% 9 /rong soapsuds4 ,a good fa/ color4 ,black ,dye on ,wool1 = ,mixtures4--,= #ej p\nds ( wool1 take bi*romate ( pota%1 #a p\nd1 #d ounces2 gr\nd argal1 #ae ounces2 boil toge!r & put 9 ! fabric1 /irr+ well1 & let x rema9 9 ! dye #e h\rs4 ,take x out1 r9se slightly 9 clean wat]1 !n make a new dye1 into :i* put logwood1 #a #a_/b p\nds4 ,boil #a #a_/d h\rs1 add+ *amb] lye1 #e p9ts4 ,let ! fabric rema9 9 all night1 & wa% out 9 clean wat]4 ,bism>ck ,br[n4--,mix toge!r #a p\nd ,bism>ck1 #e gallons wat]1 & #c_/d p\nd sulphuric acid4 ,?is pa/e dissolves easily 9 hot wat] & may be us$ directly = dye+4 ,a liquid dye may be prep>$ by mak+ ! bulk ( ! above mixture to #b gallons ) alcohol4 ,to dye1 s\r ) sulphuric acid2 add a quantity ( sulphate ( soda1 imm]se ! wool1 & add ! color by small portions1 keep+ ! temp]ature "u #bab ,f4 ,v int]e/+ %ades may be develop$ by comb9+ ! color ) indigo pa/e or picric acid4 ,*e/nut ,br[n = ,/raw ,bonnets4--,= #be hats1 use gr\nd s&]s1 #a #a_/b p\nds2 gr\nd curcuma1 #b p\nds2 p[d]$ gallnuts or sumac1 #c_/d p\nd2 rasp$ logwood1 #a_/aj p\nd4 ,boil toge!r ) ! hats 9 a l>ge kettle 7s z n to cr[d71 = #b h\rs1 !n )draw ! hats1 r9se1 & let !m rema9 ov]night 9 a ba? ( nitrate ( #d ,b41 :5 !y are wa%$4 ,a d>k] br[n may be obta9$ by increas+ ! quantity ( s&]s4 ,to give ! hats ! desir$ lu/]1 !y are bru%$ ) a bru% ( c\*grass1 :5 dry4 ,c9namon or ,br[n = ,cotton & ,silk4--,give ! goods z mu* color1 f a solution ( blue vitriol1 #b ounces1 to wat]1 #a gallon1 z !y w take up 9 dipp+ #ae m9utes2 !n turn !m ?r\gh limewat]4 ,?is w make a beautiful sky blue ( mu* durability4 ,! fabric %\ld next be run ?r\gh a solution ( prussiate ( pota%1 #a ounce1 to wat]1 #a gallon4 ,br[n ,dye = ,cotton or ,l954--,give ! pieces a mix$ mordant ( acetate ( alum9a & acetate ( iron1 & !n dye !m 9 a ba? ( madd]1 or madd] & fu/ic4 ,:5 ! acetate ( alum9a pr$om9ates1 ! dye has an am>an? t9t4 ,a c9namon t9t is obta9$ by fir/ giv+ a mordant ( alum1 next a madd] ba?1 !n a ba? ( fu/ic1 to :i* a little gre5 copp]as has be5 add$4 ,br[n = ,silk4--,dissolve annatto1 #a p\nd2 pe>la%1 #d p\nds1 9 boil+ wat]1 & pass ! silk ?r\gh x = #b h\rs2 !n take x out1 squeeze well1 & dry4 ,next give x a mordant ( alum1 & pass ?r\gh a ba? ( brazil wood1 & aft]w>ds ?r\gh a ba? ( logwood1 to :i* a little gre5 copp]as has be5 add$2 wr+ x out & dry2 aft]w>ds r9se well4 ,br[n ,dye = ,wool4--,?is may be induc$ by a decoction ( oak b>k1 ) v>iety ( %ade accord+ to ! quantity employ$4 ,if ! goods be fir/ pass$ ?r\gh a mordant ( alum ! color w be bright5$4 ,br[n = ,cotton4--,cate*u or t]ra japonica gives cotton a br[n color2 blue vitriol turns x to ! bronze2 gre5 copp]as d>k5s x1 :5 appli$ z a mordant & ! /uff is boil$ 9 ! ba?4 ,acetate ( alum9a z a mordant bright5s x4 ,! ,fr5* color ,c>melite is giv5 ) cate*u1 #a p\nd2 v]digris1 #d ounces2 & sal ammoniac1 #e ounces4 ,d>k ,snuff ,br[n = ,wool4--,= #ej p\nds ( goods1 take camwood1 #aj p\nds1 boil = #bj m9utes1 !n dip ! goods = #c_/d ( an h\r2 take !m out1 & add to ! dye1 fu/ic1 #be p\nds1 boil #ab m9utes1 & dip ! goods #c_/d ( an h\r2 !n add blue vitriol1 #aj ounces1 copp]as1 #b p\nds1 #h ounces2 dip aga9 #dj m9utes4 ,add m copp]as if ! %ade is requir$ d>k]4 ,br[n = ,wool & ,silk4--,infusion or decoction ( walnut peels dyes wool & silk a br[n color1 :i* is bright5$ by alum4 ,horse-*e/nut peels also imp>t a br[n color2 a mordant ( muriate ( t9 turns x on ! bronze1 & sug> ( lead ! r$di% br[n4 ,alkali ,blue & ,ni*olson's ,blue4--,dissolve #a p\nd ( ! dye 9 #aj gallons boil+ wat]1 & add ?is by small portions to ! dye ba?1 :i* %\ld be r5d]$ alkal9e by borax4 ,! fabric %\ld be well work$ ab\t betwe5 ea* addition ( ! color4 ,! temp]ature mu/ be kept "u #bab ,f4 ,to develop ! color1 wa% ) wat] #bfh & pass ?r\gh a ba? conta9+ sulphuric acid4 ,anil9e ,blue4--,to #ajj p\nds ( fabric1 dissolve #a #a_/d p\nds anil9e blue 9 #c qu>ts hot alcohol1 /ra9 ?r\gh a filt]1 & add x to a ba? ( #acj ,f42 also #aj p\nds ,glaub]'s salts1 & #e p\nds acetic acid4 ,imm]se ! goods & h&le !m well = #bj m9utes4 ,next heat sl[ly to #bjj ,f42 !n add #e p\nds sulphuric acid dilut$ ) wat]4 ,let ! :ole boil #bj m9utes long]2 !n r9se & dry4 ,if ! anil9e be add$ 9 #b or #c proportions dur+ ! process ( color+1 x w facilitate ! ev5ness ( ! color4 ,blue on ,cotton4--,= #dj p\nds ( goods1 use copp]as1 #b p\nds2 boil & dip #bj m9utes2 dip 9 soapsuds1 & return to ! dye #c or #d times2 !n make a new ba? ) prussiate ( pota%1 #a_/b p\nd2 oil ( vitriol1 #a #a_/d p9ts2 boil #a_/b h\r1 r9se out & dry4 ,sky ,blue on ,cotton4--,= #fj p\nds ( goods1 blue vitriol1 #e p\nds4 ,boil a %ort "t1 !n ent] ! goods1 dip #c h\rs1 & transf] to a ba? ( /rong limewat]4 ,a f9e br[n color w be imp>t$ to ! goods if !y are !n put ?r\gh a solution ( prussiate ( pota%4 ,blue ,dye = ,hosi]y4--,"o hundr$ p\nds ( wool are color$ ) #d p\nds ,guatemala or #c p\nds ,b5gal indigo1 9 ! soda or wood vat4 ,!n boil 9 a kettle a few m9utes1 #e p\nds ( cudbe> or #h p\nds ( ar*il pa/e2 add #a p\nd ( soda1 or1 bett]1 #a pail ( ur9e2 !n cool ! dye to ab\t #agj ,f4 & ent] ! wool4 ,h&le well = ab\t #bj m9utes1 !n take x out1 cool1 r9se1 & dry4 ,x makes no diff]5ce :e!r ! cudbe> is put 9 be=e or aft] ! indigo4 ,?ree ounces ( anil9e purple dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 #a_/b p9t1 c be us$ in/ead ( ! cudbe>4 ,wood _s is *eap] ?an alcohol1 & is mu* us$ by dy]s = ! purpose ( dissolv+ anil9e colors4 ,x produces a v pretty %ade1 b %\ld nev] be us$ on mix$ goods :i* h to be blea*$4 ,d>k-,blue ,dye4--,?is dye is suitable = ?ibets & la/+s4 ,boil #ajj p\nds ( ! fabric = #a #a_/b h\rs 9 a solution ( alum1 #be p\nds2 t>t>1 #d p\nds2 mordant1 #f p\nds2 extract ( indigo1 #f p\nds2 cool z usual4 ,boil 9 fre% wat] f #h to #aj p\nds ( logwood1 9 a bag or o!rwise1 !n cool ! dye to #agj ,f4 ,reel ! fabric quickly at fir/1 !n let x boil /rongly = #a h\r4 ,?is is a v good imitation ( indigo blue4 ,saxon ,blue4--,= #ajj p\nds ?ibet or comb y>n1 use alum1 #bj p\nds2 cream ( t>t>1 #c p\nds2 mordant1 #b p\nds2 extract ( indigo1 #c p\nds2 or c>m9e1 #a p\nd1 makes a bett] color4 ,:5 all is dissolv$1 cool ! kettle to #ahj ,f42 ent] & h&le quickly at fir/1 !n let ! fabric boil #a_/b h\r1 or until ev54 ,long boil+ dims ! color4 ,zephyr wor/$ y>n ought to be prep>$1 fir/1 by boil+ x 9 a solution ( alum & sulphuric acid2 ! indigo is add$ aft]w>ds4 ,logwood & ,indigo ,blue4--,= #ajj p\nds ( clo?4 ,color ! clo? fir/ by "o or two dips 9 ! vat ( indigo blue1 & r9se x well1 & !n boil x 9 a solution ( #bj p\nds ( alum1 #b p\nds ( half-ref9$ t>t>1 & #e p\nds ( mordant1 = #b h\rs2 f9ally take x out & cool4 ,9 fre% wat] boil #aj p\nds ( good logwood = half an h\r 9 a bag or o!rwise2 cool (f to #agj ,f4 be=e ent]+4 ,h&le well ov] a reel1 let x boil = half an h\r2 !n take x out1 cool & r9se4 ,?is is a v firm blue4 ,blue ,purple = ,silk4--,= #dj p\nds ( goods1 take bi*romate ( pota%1 #h ounces2 alum1 #a p\nd2 dissolve all & br+ ! wat] to a boil1 & put 9 ! goods2 boil #a h\r4 ,!n empty ! dye1 & make a new dye ) logwood1 #h p\nds1 or extract ( logwood1 #a p\nd #d ounces1 & boil 9 ?is #a h\r long]4 ,grade ! color by us+ m or less logwood1 z d>k or light color is want$4 ,blue ,purple = ,wool4--,"o hundr$ p\nds ( wool are fir/ dipp$ 9 ! blue vat to a light %ade1 !n boil$ 9 a solution ( #ae p\nds ( alum & #c p\nds ( half-ref9$ t>t>1 = #a #a_/b h\rs1 ! wool tak5 out1 cool$1 & let /& #bd h\rs4 ,!n boil 9 fre% wat] #h p\nds ( p[d]$ co*9eal = a few m9utes1 cool ! kettle to #agj ,f4 ,h&le ! prep>$ wool 9 ?is = #a h\r1 :5 x is ready to cool1 r9se & dry4 ,by color+ fir/ ) co*9eal1 z a=esaid1 & f9i%+ 9 ! blue vat1 ! fa/ purple or dahlia1 s mu* admir$ 9 ,g]man broadclo?s1 w be produc$4 ,t9 acids mu/ n be us$ 9 ?is color4 ,to ,make ,extract ( ,indigo ,blue4--,take ( vitriol1 #b p\nds1 & /ir into x f9ely pulv]iz$ indigo1 #h ounces1 /irr+ briskly = ! fir/ half h\r2 !n #bfi cov] up1 & /ir #d or #e times daily = a few days4 ,add a little pulv]iz$ *alk1 /irr+ x up1 & keep add+ x z long z x foams2 x w neutralize ! acid4 ,keep x closely cork$4 ,light ,silv] ,drab4--,= #ej p\nds ( goods1 use logwood1 #a_/b p\nd2 alum1 ab\t ! same quantity2 boil well1 ent] ! goods1 & dip !m = #a h\r4 ,grade ! color to any desir$ %ade by us+ equal p>ts ( logwood & alum4 ,,gray ,,dyes3 ,slate ,dye = ,silk4--,= a small quantity1 take a pan ( w>m wat] & ab\t a teacupful ( logwood liquor1 pretty /rong1 & a piece ( pe>la% ! size ( a nut2 take gray-color$ goods & h&le a little 9 ?is liquid1 & x is f9i%$4 ,if too mu* logwood is us$1 ! color w be too d>k4 ,slate = ,/raw ,hats4--,fir/1 soak 9 r /rong w>m suds = #ae m9utes to remove siz+ or /iff5+2 !n r9se 9 w>m wat] to get out ! soap4 ,scald cudbe>1 #a ounce1 9 suffici5t wat] to cov] ! hat2 "w x 9 ?is dye at #ahj ,f41 until a light purple is obta9$4 ,h a vessel ( cold wat]1 blu$ ) ! extract ( indigo1 #a_/b ounce1 & "w or /ir ! bonnet 9 ?is until ! t9t pleases4 ,dry1 !n r9se out ) cold wat]1 & dry aga9 9 ! %ade4 ,if ! purple is too deep 9 %ade ! f9al slate w be too d>k4 ,silv] ,gray = ,/raw4--,= #be hats1 select ! :ite/ hats & s(t5 !m 9 a ba? ( cry/alliz$ soda to :i* "s clean limewat] has be5 add$4 ,boil = #b h\rs 9 a l>ge vessel1 us+ = a ba? a decoction ( ! foll[+3 ,alum1 #d p\nds2 t>t>ic acid1 #c_/h p\nd2 "s ammoniacal co*9eal1 & c>m9e ( indigo4 ,a little sulphuric acid may be necess>y 9 ord] to neutralize ! alkali ( ! co*9eal dye4 ,if ! la/-m5tion$ +r$i5ts are us$1 let ! hats rema9 = an h\r long] 9 ! boil+ ba?1 !n r9se 9 slightly acidulat$ wat]4 ,d>k ,/eel4--,mix black & :ite wool toge!r 9 ! proportion ( #ej p\nds ( black wool to #g #a_/b p\nds ( :ite4 ,= l>ge or small quantities1 keep ! same proportion1 mix+ c>efully & ?or\ghly4 ,,gre5 ,,dyes3 ,anil9e ,gre5 = ,silk4--,iod9e gre5 or night gre5 dissolves easily 9 w>m wat]4 ,= a liquid dye #a p\nd may be dissolv$ 9 #a gallon alcohol1 & mix$ ) #b gallons wat]1 conta9+ #a ounce sulphuric acid4 ,anil9e ,gre5 = ,wool4--,prep>e two ba?s1 "o conta9+ ! dissolv$ dye & a quantity ( c>bonate ( soda or borax4 ,9 ?is ! wool is plac$1 & ! temp]ature rais$ to #bab ,f4 ,a grayi% gre5 is produc$1 :i* mu/ be bright5$ & fix$ 9 a second ba? ( wat] #ajj ,f41 to :i* "s acetic acid has be5 add$4 ,cotton requires prep>ation by sumac4 ,gre5 = ,cotton4--,= #dj p\nds ( goods1 use fu/ic1 #aj p\nds2 blue vitriol1 #aj ounces2 s(t soap1 #b #a_/b qu>ts2 & logwood *ips1 #a p\nd #d ounces4 ,soak ! logwood ov]night 9 a brass vessel1 & put x on ! fire 9 ! morn+1 add+ ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,:5 q hot x is ready = dye+2 ent] ! goods at once1 & h&le well4 ,diff]5t %ades may be obta9$ by lett+ "p ( ! goods rema9 long] 9 ! dye4 ,gre5 = ,silk4--,boil gre5 ebony 9 wat]1 & let x settle4 ,take ! cle> liquor z hot z ! h&s c be>1 & h&le ! goods 9 x until ( a bright yell[4 ,take wat] & put 9 a little sulphate ( indigo2 h&le goods 9 ?is till ( ! %ade desir$4 ,! ebony may previ\sly be boil$ 9 a bag to prev5t x f /ick+ to ! silk4 ,gre5 = ,wool & ,silk4--,take equal quantities ( yell[ oak & hickory b>k1 make a /rong yell[ ba? by boil+1 & %ade to ! desir$ t9t by add+ a small quantity ( extract ( indigo4 ,gre5 ,fu/ic ,dye4--,= #ej p\nds ( goods1 use #ej p\nds ( fu/ic ) alum1 #aa p\nds4 ,soak 9 wat] until ! /r5g? is extract$1 put 9 ! goods until ( a good yell[ color1 remove ! *ips1 & add extract ( indigo 9 small quantities at a "t1 until ! color is satisfactory4 ,,purple ,,& ,,violet ,,dyes3 ,anil9e ,violet & ,purple4--,acidulate ! ba? by sulphuric acid1 or use sulphate ( soda2 bo? ^! sub/ances r5d] ! %ade blui%4 ,dye at #bab ,f4 ,to give a fair middle %ade to #aj p\nds ( wool1 a quantity ( solution equal to #a_/b to #c_/d ounces ( ! solid dye w be requir$4 ,! color ( ! dy$ fabric is improv$ by wa%+ 9 soap & wat]1 & !n pass+ ?r\gh a ba? s\r$ by sulphuric acid4 ,purple4--,= #dj p\nds ( goods1 use #bgj alum1 #c p\nds2 muriate ( t91 #d teacups2 pulv]iz$ co*9eal1 #a p\nd2 cream ( t>t>1 #b p\nds4 ,boil ! alum1 t91 & cream ( t>t>1 = #bj m9utes1 add ! co*9eal & boil #e m9utes2 imm]se ! goods #b h\rs2 remove & ent] !m 9 a new dye compos$ ( brazil wood1 #c p\nds2 logwood1 #g p\nds2 alum1 #d p\nds1 & muriate ( t91 #h cupfuls1 add+ a little extract ( indigo4 ,purple = ,cotton4--,get up a tub ( hot logwood liquor1 ent] #c pieces1 give !m #e ends1 & h$ge out4 ,ent] !m 9 a clean alum tub1 give !m #e ends1 & h$ge out4 ,get up ano!r tub ( logwood liquor1 ent]1 give !m #e ends1 & h$ge out2 r5ew ! alum tub1 give #e ends 9 t1 & f9i%4 ,purple = ,silk4--,= #aj p\nds ( goods1 ent] ! goods 9 a blue dye ba?1 & secure a light-blue color1 dry1 & dip 9 a w>m solution conta9+ alum1 #b #a_/b p\nds4 ,%\ld a deep] color be requir$1 add a little extract ( indigo4 ,solf]9o & ,mag5ta = ,wool51 ,silk1 or ,cotton4--,= #a p\nd ( wool5 goods1 mag5ta %ade1 #if gra9s1 apo!c>ies' weight1 ( anil9e r$1 w be requir$4 ,dissolve 9 a little w>m alcohol1 us+1 say1 #f fluid\nces1 or ab\t #f gills alcohol p] ounce ( anil9e4 ,_m dy]s use wood spirits because ( its *eapness4 ,= a solf]9o %ade1 use #fd gra9s anil9e r$1 & dissolve 9 #d ounces alcohol1 to ea* #a p\nd ( goods4 ,cold wat]1 #a qu>t1 w dissolve ^! small quantities ( anil9e r$1 b ! cleane/ & quicke/ way w be f\nd by us+ ! alcohol1 or wood spirits4 ,clean ! clo? & goods by /eep+ at a g5tle heat 9 weak soapsuds1 r9se 9 sev]al masses ( clean wat] & lay aside moi/4 ,! alcoholic solution ( anil9e is to be add$ f "t to "t to ! w>m or hot dye ba?1 till ! color on ! goods is ( ! desir$ %ade4 ,! goods are to be remov$ f ! dye ba? be=e ea* addition ( ! alcoholic solution1 & ! ba? is to be well /irr$ be=e ! goods are return$4 ,! alcoholic solution %\ld be fir/ dropp$ into a little wat]1 & well mix$1 & ! mixture %\ld !n be /ra9$ into ! dye ba?4 ,if ! color is n d>k en\gh aft] work+ f #bj to #cj m9utes1 repeat ! removal ( ! goods f ! ba?1 & ! addition ( ! solution1 & ! re-imm]sion ( ! goods f #ae to #cj m9utes m1 or until suit$1 !n remove f ! ba? & r9se 9 sev]al masses ( clean wat]1 & dry 9 ! %ade4 ,use ab\t #d gallons wat] = dye ba? = #a p\nd ( goods2 less wat] = l>g] quantities4 ,violet = ,silk or ,wool4--,a good violet dye may be giv5 by pass+ ! goods fir/ ?r\gh a solution ( v]digris1 !n ?r\gh a decoction ( logwood1 & la/ly ?r\gh alum wat]4 ,a fa/ violet may be giv5 by dye+ ! goods crimson ) co*9eal1 )\t alum or t>t>1 & aft] r9s+ pass+ !m ?r\gh ! indigo vat4 ,l95s or cottons are fir/ gall$ ) #ah p] c5t ( gallnuts1 next pass$ ?r\gh a mordant ( alum1 iron liquor1 & sulphate ( copp]1 work+ !m well1 !n work$ 9 a madd] ba? made ) an equal weight ( root1 & la/ly bright5$ ) soap or soda4 ,violet = ,/raw ,bonnets4--,take alum1 #d p\nds2 t>t>ic acid1 #a p\nd2 *loride ( t91 #a p\nd4 ,dissolve & boil1 all[+ ! hats to rema9 9 ! boil+ solution #b h\rs2 !n add en\gh decoction ( logwood1 c>m9e1 & indigo to induce ! desir$ %ade1 & r9se f9ally 9 wat] 9 :i* "s alum has be5 dissolv$4 ,w9e ,color4--,= #ej p\nds ( goods1 use camwood1 #aj p\nds1 & boil #bj m9utes2 dip ! goods #a_/b h\r1 boil aga91 & dip #dj m9utes2 !n d>k5 ) blue vitriol1 #ae ounces1 & #e p\nds ( copp]as4 ,lilac = ,silk4--,= #e p\nds ( silk1 use ar*il1 #g #a_/b p\nds1 & mix well ) ! liquor4 ,make x boil #a h\r1 & dip ! silk quickly2 !n let x cool1 & wa% 9 riv] wat]4 ,a f9e half violet1 or lilac1 m or less full1 w be obta9$4 ,,r$1 ,,crimson1 ,,& ,,p9k ,,dyes3 ,anil9e ,r$4--,inclose ! anil9e 9 a small musl9 bag4 ,h a kettle 7t9 or brass7 fill$ ) mod]ately hot wat] & rub ! sub/ance out4 ,!n imm]se ! goods to be color$1 & 9 a %ort "t !y are done4 ,x improves ! color to wr+ ! goods out ( /rong soapsuds be=e putt+ !m 9 ! dye4 ,?is is a p]man5t color on wool or silk4 ,r$ ,madd]4--,to #ajj p\nds ( fabric1 use #bj p\nds ( alum1 #e p\nds ( t>t>1 & #e p\nds ( muriate ( t94 ,:5 ^! are dissolv$1 ent] ! goods & let !m boil = #b h\rs1 !n take out1 let cool1 & lay ov]night4 ,into fre% wat]1 /ir #ge p\nds ( good #bga madd]1 & ent] ! fabric at #abj ,f4 & br+ x up to #bjj ,f4 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r4 ,h&le well to secure ev5ness1 !n r9se & dry4 ,r$ = ,wool4--,= #dj p\nds ( goods1 make a tol]ably ?ick pa/e ( lac dye & sulphuric acid1 & all[ x to /& = a day4 ,!n take t>t>1 #d p\nds1 t9 liquor1 #b p\nds #h ounces1 & #c p\nds ( ! pa/e2 make a hot ba? ) suffici5t wat]1 & ent] ! goods = #c_/d h\r2 aft]w>ds c>efully r9se & dry4 ,crimson = ,silk4--,= #a p\nd ( goods1 use alum1 #c ounces2 dip at h& heat #a h\r2 take out & dra91 :ile mak+ a new dye1 by boil+ = #aj m9utes1 co*9eal1 #c ounces2 bruis$ nutgalls1 #b ounces2 & cream ( t>t>1 #a_/b ounce1 9 #a pail ( wat]4 ,:5 a little cool beg9 to dip1 rais+ ! heat to a boil1 cont9u+ to dip #a h\r4 ,wa% & dry4 ,anil9e ,sc>let4--,= e #dj p\nds ( goods1 dissolve #e p\nds :ite vitriol 7sulphate ( z9c7 at #ahj ,f41 place ! goods 9 ?is ba? = #aj m9utes1 !n add ! color1 prep>$ by boil+ = a few m9utes1 #a p\nd anil9e sc>let 9 #c gallons wat]1 /irr+ ! same cont9ually4 ,?is solution has to be filt]$ be=e be+ add$ to ! ba?4 ,! goods rema9 9 ! latt] = #ae m9utes1 :5 !y h become br[n$ & mu/ be boil$ = ano!r half h\r 9 ! same ba? aft] ! solution ( sal ammoniac4 ,! m ( ?is is add$ ! deep] w be ! %ade4 ,sc>let ) ,co*9eal4--,= #ej p\nds ( wool1 y>n1 or clo?1 use cream ( t>t>1 #a p\nd #i ounces2 co*9eal1 pulv]iz$1 #ab #a_/b ounces2 muriate ( t9 or sc>let _s1 #h p\nds4 ,aft] boil+ ! dye1 ent] ! goods1 "w !m well = #ae m9utes1 !n boil !m #a #a_/b h\rs1 sl[ly agitat+ ! goods :ile boil+1 wa% 9 clean wat]1 & dry out ( ! sun4 ,sc>let ) ,lac ,dye4--,= #ajj p\nds ( flannel or y>n1 take #be p\nds ( gr\nd lac dye1 #ae p\nds ( sc>let _s 7made z p] directions bel[71 #e p\nds ( t>t>1 #a p\nd ( flav9e1 or accord+ to %ade1 #a p\nd ( t9 cry/als1 #e p\nds ( muriatic acid4 ,boil all = #ae m9utes1 !n cool ! dye to #agj ,f4 ,ent] ! goods1 & h&le !m quickly at fir/4 ,let boil #a h\r1 & r9se :ile yet hot1 be=e ! gum & impurities h>d54 ,?is color /&s sc\r+ ) soap bett] ?an co*9eal sc>let4 ,a small quantity ( sulphuric acid may be add$ to dissolve ! gum4 ,muriate ( ,t9 or ,sc>let ,_s4--,take #af p\nds muriatic acid1 #bb ,b42 #a p\nd fea!r$ t91 & wat]1 #b p\nds4 ,! acid %\ld be put 9 a /onew>e pot1 & ! t9 add$1 & all[$ to dissolve4 ,! mixture %\ld be kept a few days be=e us+4 ,! t9 is fea!r$ or granulat$ by melt+ 9 a suitable vessel1 & p\r+ x f a height ( ab\t #e feet into a pailful ( wat]4 ,?is is a mo/ p[]ful ag5t 9 c]ta9 colors1 su* z sc>lets1 oranges1 p9ks1 etc4 ,p9k = ,cotton4--,= #dj p\nds ( goods1 use r$wood1 #bj p\nds2 muriate ( t91 #b #a_/b p\nds4 ,boil ! r$wood #a h\r1 turn (f into a l>ge vessel1 add ! muriate ( t91 & put 9 ! goods4 ,let x /& #e or #aj m9utes1 & a good fa/ p9k w be produc$4 ,p9k = ,wool4--,= #fj p\nds ( goods1 take alum1 #e p\nds #ab ounces2 boil & imm]se ! goods #ej m9utes2 !n add to ! dye co*9eal well pulv]iz$1 #a p\nd1 #d ounces2 cream ( t>t>1 #e p\nds2 boil & ent] ! goods :ile boil+1 until ! color is satisfactory4 ,,yell[1 ,,orange1 ,,& ,,bronze ,,dyes3 ,anil9e ,yell[4--,?is color is slightly soluble 9 wat]1 & = dy]s' use may be us$ directly = ! prep>ation ( ! ba? dye1 b is be/ us$ by dissolv+ #a p\nd ( dye 9 #b gallons alcohol4 ,temp]ature ( ba? %\ld be "u #bjj ,f4 ,! color is mu* improv$ & bright5$ by a trace ( sulphuric acid4 ,yell[ = ,cotton4--,= #dj p\nds goods1 use sug> ( lead1 #c p\nds #h ounces2 dip ! goods #b h\rs4 ,make a new dye ) bi*romate ( pota%1 #b p\nds2 dip until ! color suits1 wr+ out & dry4 ,if n yell[ en\gh repeat ! op]ation4 ,yell[ = ,silk4--,= #aj p\nds ( goods1 use sug> ( lead1 ounces2 alum1 #b p\nds4 ,ent] ! goods1 & let !m rema9 #ab h\rs2 remove !m1 dra91 & make a new dye ) fu/ic1 #aj p\nds4 ,imm]se until ! color suits4 ,orange4--,i4--,= #ej p\nds ( goods1 use argal1 #c p\nds2 muriate ( t91 #a qu>t2 boil & dip #a h\r2 !n add to ! dye1 fu/ic1 #be p\nds2 madd]1 #b #a_/b #bgb qu>ts2 & dip aga9 #dj m9utes4 ,if pref]r$1 co*9eal1 #a p\nd #d ounces1 may be us$ in/ead ( ! madd]1 z a bett] color is induc$ by x4 ,,ii4--,= #dj p\nds ( goods1 use sug> ( lead1 #b p\nds1 & boil #ae m9utes4 ,:5 a little cool1 ent] ! goods1 & dip = #b h\rs1 wr+ !m out1 make a fre% dye ) bi*romate ( pota%1 #d p\nds2 madd]1 #a p\nd1 & imm]se until ! desir$ color is secur$4 ,! %ade may be v>i$ by dipp+ 9 limewat]4 ,bronze4--,sulphate or muriate ( manganese dissolv$ 9 wat] ) a little t>t>ic acid imp>ts a beautiful bronze t9t4 ,! /uff aft] be+ put ?r\gh ! solution mu/ be turn$ ?r\gh a weak lye ( pota%1 & aft]w>ds ?r\gh ano!r ( *loride ( lime1 to bright5 & fix x4 ,prussiate ( copp] gives a bronze or yell[i%-br[n color to silk4 ,! piece well mordant$ ) blue vitriol may be pass$ ?r\gh a solution ( prussiate ( pota%4 ,mulb]ry = ,silk4--,= #e p\nds ( silk1 use alum1 #a p\nd #d ounces2 dip #ej m9utes1 wa% out1 & make a dye ) brazil wood1 #e ounces1 & logwood1 #a #a_/d ounces1 by boil+ toge!r4 ,dip 9 ?is #a_/b h\r2 !n add m brazil wood & logwood1 equal p>ts1 until ! color suits4 ,,fea!r ,,dyes4 ,i4--,cut "s :ite curd soap 9 small pieces1 p\r boil+ wat] on !m1 & add a little pe>la%4 ,:5 ! soap is q dissolv$1 & ! mixture cool en\gh = ! h& to be>1 plunge ! fea!rs into x1 & draw !m ?r\gh ! h& till ! dirt appe>s squeez$ out ( !m2 pass !m ?r\gh a clean la!r ) "s blue 9 x2 !n r9se !m 9 cold wat] ) blue to give !m a good color4 ,beat !m aga9/ ! h& to %ake (f ! wat]1 & dry by %ak+ !m ne> a fire4 ,:5 p]fectly dry1 coil ea* fib] sep>ately ) a blunt knife or ivory fold]4 ,,ii4--,black4--,imm]se = #b or #c days 9 a ba?1 at fir/ hot1 ( logwood1 #h p>ts1 & copp]as or acetate ( iron1 #a "p4 ,,iii4--,blue4--,same z ,,ii1 b ) ! indigo vat4 ,,iv4--,br[n4--,by us+ any ( ! br[n dyes = silk or wool54 ,v4--,crimson4--,a mordant ( alum1 foll[$ by a hot ba? ( brazil wood1 aft]w>ds by a weak dye ( cudbe>4 ,,vi4--,p9k or ,rose4--,) saffl[] or lemon juice4 ,,vii4--,plum4--,) ! r$ dye1 foll[$ by an alkal9e ba?4 ,,viii4--,r$4--,a mordant ( alum1 foll[$ by a ba? ( brazil wood4 ,,ix4--,yell[4--,a mordant ( alum1 foll[$ by a ba? ( turm]ic or weld4 ,x4--,gre54--,take ( v]digris & v]dit]1 ( ea* #a ounce2 gum wat]1 #a p9t2 mix !m well & dip ! fea!rs1 !y hav+ be5 fir/ soak$ 9 hot wat]1 into ! said mixture4 ,,xi4--,purple4--,use lake & indigo4 ,,xii4--,c>nation4--,v]milion & smalt4 ,,dyes ,,= ,,artificial ,,fl[]s4 ,! ,fr5* employ velvet1 f9e cambric1 & kid = ! petals1 & taffeta = ! leaves4 ,v rec5tly ?9 plates ( blea*$ :alebone h be5 us$ = "s portions ( ! artificial fl[]s4 ,colors & ,/a9s4--,i4--,blue4--,indigo dissolv$ 9 oil ( vitriol1 & ! acid p>tly neutraliz$ ) salt ( t>t> or :it+4 ,,ii4--,gre54--,a solution ( di/ill$ v]digris4 ,,iii4--,lilac4--,liquid ar*il4 ,,iv4--,r$4--,c>m9e dissolv$ 9 a solution ( salt ( t>t>1 or 9 spirits ( h>t%orn4 ,v4--,violet4--,liquid ar*il mix$ ) a little salt ( t>t>4 ,,vi4--,yell[4--,t9cture ( turm]ic4 ,! colors are g5]ally appli$ ) ! f+]s4 ,,dyes ,,= ,,furs3 ,i4--,br[n4--,use t9cture ( logwood4 ,,ii4--,r$4--,use gr\nd brazil wood1 #a_/b p\nd2 wat]1 #a #a_/b qu>ts2 co*9eal1 #a_/b ounce2 boil ! brazil wood 9 ! wat] #a h\r2 /ra9 & add ! co*9eal2 boil #ae m9utes4 ,,iii4--,sc>let4--,boil #a_/b ounce saffron 9 #a_/b p9t ( wat]1 & pass ov] ! "w be=e apply+ ! r$4 ,,iv4--,blue4--,use logwood1 #g ounces2 blue vitriol1 #a ounce2 wat]1 #bb ounces2 boil4 ,v4--,purple4--,use logwood1 #aa ounces2 alum1 #f ounces2 wat]1 #bi ounces4 ,,vi4--,gre54--,use /rong v9eg>1 #a #a_/b p9ts2 be/ v]digris1 #b ounces1 gr\nd f9e2 sap gre51 #a_/d ounce2 mix all toge!r & boil4 #bgc ,,dyes ,,= ,,hats4 ,! hats %\ld be at fir/ /rongly gall$ by boil+ a long "t 9 a decoction ( galls ) a little logwood s t ! dye may p5etrate into _! sub/ance2 aft] :i* a prop] quantity ( vitriol & decoction ( logwood1 ) a little v]digris1 are add$1 & ! hats kept 9 ?is mixture = a consid]able "t4 ,!y are aft]w>ds put into a fre% liquor ( logwood1 galls1 vitriol1 & v]digris1 &1 :5 ! hats are co/ly1 or ( a hair :i* ) difficulty takes ! dye1 ! same process is repeat$ a ?ird "t4 ,= obta9+ ! mo/ p]fect color1 ! hair or wool is dy$ blue be=e x is =m$ into hats4 ,! ord9>y ba? = dye+ hats1 employ$ by ,london manufactur]s1 consi/s1 = #ab doz51 ( #add p\nds ( logwood2 #ab p\nds ( gre5 sulphate ( iron or copp]as2 #g #a_/b p\nds v]digris4 ,! logwood hav+ be5 introduc$ into ! copp] & dige/$ = "s "t1 ! copp]as & v]digris are add$ 9 successive quantities1 & 9 ! above proportions1 along ) e successive #b or #c doz5 ( hats susp5d$ ^u ! dripp+ ma*9e4 ,ea* set ( hats1 aft] be+ expos$ to ! ba? ) occasional air+s dur+ #dj m9utes1 is tak5 (f ! pegs1 & laid out ^u ! gr\nd to be m completely black5$ by ! p]oxydizem5t ( ! iron ) ! atmosph]ic oxyg54 ,9 #c or #d h\rs ! dye+ is complet$4 ,:5 fully dy$1 ! hats are well wa%$ 9 runn+ wat]4 ,/raw hats or bonnets may be dy$ black by boil+ !m #c or #d h\rs 9 a /rong liquor ( logwood1 add+ a little copp]as occasionally4 ,let ! bonnets rema9 9 ! liquor all night2 !n take out to dry 9 ! air4 ,if ! black is n satisfactory1 dye aga9 aft] dry+4 ,rub inside & out ) a sponge moi/5$ 9 f9e oil2 !n block4 ,i4--,r$ ,dye4--,boil gr\nd brazil wood 9 a lye ( pota%1 & boil y\r /raw hats 9 x4 ,,ii4--,blue ,dye4--,take a suffici5t quantity ( pota% lye1 #a p\nd ( litmus or lacmus1 gr\nd2 make a decoction & !n put 9 ! /raw1 & boil x4 ,,to ,,dye1 ,,/iff51 ,,& ,,blea* ,,felt ,,hats4 ,felt hats are dy$ by repeat$ imm]sion1 draw+ & dipp+ 9 a hot wat]y solution ( logwood1 #ch p>ts2 gre5 vitriol1 #c p>ts2 v]digris1 #b p>ts2 repeat ! imm]sions & draw+ ) exposure to ! air #ac or #ad times1 or until ! color suits1 ea* /ep 9 ! process la/+ f #aj to #ae m9utes4 ,anil9e colors may be advantage\sly us$ in/ead ( ! above4 ,= a /iff5+1 dissolve borax1 #aj p>ts2 c>bonate ( pota%1 #c p>ts1 9 hot wat]2 !n add %ellac1 #ej p>ts1 & boil until all is dissolv$2 apply ) a sponge or a bru%1 or by imm]s+ ! hat :5 x is cold1 & dip at once 9 v dilute sulphuric or acetic acid to neutralize ! alkali & fix ! %ellac4 ,felt hats c be blea*$ by ! use ( sulphuric acid gas4 ,,liquid ,,dye ,,colors4 ,^! colors1 ?ick5$ ) a little gum1 may be us$ z inks 9 writ+1 or z colors to t9t maps1 foils1 artificial fl[]s1 etc41 or to pa9t on velvet3 ,i4--,blue4--,dilute ,saxon blue or sulphate ( indigo ) wat]4 ,if requir$ = delicate "w1 neutralize ) *alk4 ,,ii4--,purple4--,add a little alum to a /ra9$ decoction ( logwood4 ,,iii4--,gre54--,dissolve sap gre5 9 wat] & add a little alum4 ,,iv4--,yell[4--,dissolve annatto 9 a weak lye ( subc>bonate ( soda or pota%4 ,v4--,gold5 ,color4--,/eep ,fr5* b]ries 9 hot wat]1 /ra91 & add a little gum & alum4 ,,vi4--,r$4--,dissolve c>m9e 9 ammonia1 or 9 weak c>bonate ( pota% wat]1 or infuse p[d]$ co*9eal 9 wat]1 /ra91 & add a little gum 9 wat]4 ,,unclassifi$ ,,dy]s' ,,recipes3 ,to ,cleanse ,wool4--,make a hot ba? compos$ ( wat]1 #d p>ts2 & ur9e1 #a "p2 ent] ! wool1 teas+ & op5+ x out to admit ! full action ( ! liquid4 ,aft] #bj m9utes' imm]sion1 remove f ! liquid & all[ x to dra92 !n r9se 9 clean runn+ wat]1 & spread out to dry4 ,! liquid is good = subsequ5t op]ations1 only keep up ! proportions1 & use no soap4 ,to ,extract ,oil ,spots f ,f9i%$ ,goods4--,saturate ! spot ) b5z9e2 !n place two pieces ( v s(t blott+ pap] "u & two ^u x1 press well ) a hot iron1 & ! grease w be absorb$4 ,new ,mordant = ,anil9e ,colors4--,imm]se ! goods = "s h\rs 9 a ba? ( cold wat] 9 :i* *loride or acetate ( z9c has be5 dissolv$ until ! solution %[s #b ,b4 ,= ! wool ! #bgd mordant+ ba? %\ld be at a boil+ heat1 & ! goods %\ld also be plac$ 9 a w>m ba? ( tann91 #ij ,f41 = half an h\r4 ,9 dye+1 a hot solution ( ! color mu/ be us$ to :i* %\ld be add$1 9 ! case ( ! cotton1 "s *loride ( z9c1 &1 9 ! case ( ! wool1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( tann9 solution4 ,to ,r5d] ,anil9e ,colors ,soluble 9 ,wat]4--,a solution ( gelat9 9 acetic acid ( almo/ ! consi/5ce ( syrups is fir/ made1 & ! anil9e 9 f9e is gradually add$1 /irr+ all ! "t s z to make a homog5e\s pa/e4 ,! mixture is !n to be heat$ ov] a wat] ba? to ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat] & kept at t heat = "s "t4 ,limewat] = ,dy]s' ,use4--,put "s lime1 #a p\nd1 & /rong limewat]1 #a #a_/b p\nds1 into a pail ( wat]2 rummage well = #g or #h m9utes4 ,!n let x re/ until ! lime is precipitat$ & ! wat] cle>2 add ?is quantity to a tubful ( cle> wat]4 ,to ,r5ew ,old ,silks4--,unravel & put !m 9 a tub1 cov] ) cold wat]1 & let !m rema9 #a h\r4 ,dip !m up & d[n1 b d n wr+2 hang up to dra91 & iron :ile v damp4 ,full]'s ,purifi] = ,clo?s4--,dry1 pulv]ize1 & sift ! foll[+ +r$i5ts3 ,full]'s e>?1 #f p\nds2 ,fr5* *alk1 #d ounces2 pipe clay1 #a p\nd4 ,make into a pa/e ) rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e1 #a ounce2 alcohol1 #b ounces2 melt$ oil soap1 #a #a_/b p\nds4 ,comp\nd ! mixture into cakes ( any desir$ size1 keep+ !m 9 wat]1 or small wood5 boxes4 ,to ,fix ,dyes4--,dissolve #bj ounces ( gelat9 9 wat]1 & add #c ounces ( bi*romate ( pota%4 ,?is is done 9 a d>k room4 ,! color+ matt] is !n add$ & ! goods submitt$ !reto1 aft] :i* !y are expos$ to ! action ( light4 ,! pigm5t ?us becomes insoluble 9 wat] & ! color is fa/4 ,,dyes ,,& ,,dye/uffs4 ,prom95t among natural dye/uffs is ! color+ matt] obta9$ f logwood & kn[n z 8hmate940 ,! color-=m+ sub/ance 7or *romog571 hmatoxyl91 exi/s 9 ! logwood p>tly free & p>tly z a glucoside4 ,:5 pure1 hmatoxyl9 =ms ne>ly colorless cry/als1 b on oxidation1 especially 9 ! pres5ce ( an alkali1 x is conv]t$ into ! color+ matt] hmate91 :i* =ms color$ lakes ) metallic bases1 yield+ violets1 blues1 & blacks ) v>i\s mordants4 ,logwood comes into comm]ce 9 ! =m ( logs1 *ips1 & extracts4 ,! *ips are moi/5$ ) wat] & expos$ 9 heaps s z to induce f]m5tation1 alkalies & oxidiz+ ag5ts be+ add$ to promote ! 8cur+0 or oxidation4 ,:5 complete & ! *ips h assum$ a deep r$di%-br[n color1 ! decoction is made :i* is employ$ 9 dye+4 ,! extract (f]s conv5i5ce 9 transportation1 /orage1 & use4 ,x is n[ usually made f logwood *ips t h n be5 cur$4 ,! *ips are treat$ 9 an extractor1 pressure (t5 be+ us$4 ,! extract is sometimes adult]at$ ) *e/nut1 hemlock1 & qu]citron extracts1 & ) glucose or molasses4 ,fu/ic is ! he>t-wood ( c]ta9 species ( trees indig5\s to ! ,we/ ,indies & tropical ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,x is sold z *ips & extract1 yields a color+ pr9ciple :i* =ms lemon-yell[ lakes ) alum9a & is *iefly us$ 9 dye+ wool4 ,"y fu/ic is ! he>t-wood ( a sumac native to ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 :i* yields an orange-color$ lake ) alum9a & t9 salts4 ,cut*1 or cate*u1 is obta9$ f ! wood & pods ( ! ,acacia cate*u1 & f ! betel nut1 bo? native 9 ,india4 ,cut* appe>s 9 comm]ce 9 d>k-br[n lumps1 :i* =m a d>k-br[n solution ) wat]4 ,x conta9s cate*u-tannic acid1 z tann9 & cate*91 & is ext5sively us$ 9 weight+ black silks1 z a mordant = c]ta9 basic coal-t> dyes1 z a br[n dye on cotton1 & = calico pr9t+4 ,indigo1 :i* is obta9$ f ! glucoside indican exi/+ 9 ! indigo plant & 9 woad1 is "o ( ! olde/ dye/uffs4 ,x is obta9$ f ! plant by a process ( f]m5tation & oxidation4 ,indigo appe>s 9 comm]ce 9 d>k-blue cubical cakes1 v>y+ v mu* 9 composition z !y (t5 conta9 indigo r$ & indigo br[n1 besides moi/ure1 m9]al matt]s1 & glut9\s sub/ances4 ,consequ5tly ! color v>ies4 ,p[d]$ indigo dissolves 9 conc5trat$ fum+ sulphuric acid1 =m+ monosulphonic & disulphonic acids4 ,on neutraliz+ ^! solutions ) sodium c>bonate & precipitat+ ! indigo c>m9e ) common salt !re is obta9$ ! indigo extract1 soluble indigo1 & indigo c>m9e ( comm]ce4 ,true indigo c>m9e is ! sodium salt ( ! disulphonic acid1 & :5 sold dry x is call$ 8indigot9e40 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ! rec5t #bge a*ievem5ts ( *emi/ry is ! syn!tic production ( indigo on a comm]cial scale4 ,artificial dye/uffs assum$ prepond]at+ importance ) ! discov]y ( ! lilac color mauve by ,p]k9 9 #ahef1 & fu*s9e or mag5ta by ,v]gu9 9 #ahie1 = ) ea* succe$+ ye> o!r colors h be5 discov]$1 until at ! pres5t "t !re are sev]al ?\s& artificial organic dyes or colors on ! m>ket4 ,s9ce ! fir/ ( ^! 7 prep>$ f anil9e or its d]ivatives ! colors 7 kn[n z 8anil9e dyes10 b z a l>ge numb] are n[ prep>$ f o!r con/itu5ts ( coal t> ?an anil9e !y are bett] call$ 8coal-t> dye/uffs40 ,!re are _m s*emes ( classification4 ,b5$ikt-,kne*t divides !m into ,i1 anil9e or am9e dyes2 ,,ii1 ph5ol dyes2 ,,iii1 azo dyes2 ,,iv1 qu9ol9e & acrid9e d]ivatives2 ,v1 an?rac5e dyes2 & ,,vi1 artificial indigo4 ,( ! an?rac5e dyes1 ! aliz>9e is ! mo/ important1 s9ce ?is is ! color+ pr9ciple ( ! madd]4 ,! syn!sis ( aliz>9e f an?rac5e 0 effect$ by ,grabe & ,lieb]mann 9 #ahfh4 ,?is discov]y produc$ a complete revolution 9 calico pr9t+1 turkey-r$ dye+1 & 9 ! manufacture ( madd] prep>ations4 ,madd] f9ds to-day only a v limit$ application 9 ! dye+ ( wool4 ,9 textile dye+ & pr9t+1 sub/ances call$ mordants are l>gely us$1 ei!r to fix or to develop ! color on ! fib]4 ,sub/ances ( m9]al orig91 su* z salts ( alum9um1 *romium1 iron1 copp]1 antimony1 & t91 pr9cipally1 & _m o!rs to a less ext5t & ( organic orig91 l acetic1 oxalic1 citric1 t>t>ic1 & lactic acid1 sulphonat$ oils1 & tann9s are employ$ z mordants4 ,iron liquor1 kn[n z black liquor or pyrolignite ( iron1 is made by dissolv+ scrap iron 9 pyroligne\s acid4 ,x is us$ z a mordant 9 dye+ silks & cotton & 9 calico pr9t+4 ,r$ liquor is a solution ( alum9um acetate 9 acetic acid1 & is produc$ by act+ on calcium or lead acetate solutions ) alum9um sulphate or ! d\ble alums1 ! sup]natant liquid =m+ ! r$ liquor4 ,! r$ liquor ( ! trade is (t5 ! sulpho-acetate ( alum9a result+ :5 ! quantity ( calcium or lead acetate is insuffici5t to completely decompose ! alum9um salt4 ,ord9>ily ! solutions h a d>k-br[n color & a /rong pyroligne\s odor4 ,x is call$ r$ liquor because x 0 fir/ us$ 9 dye+ r$s4 ,x is employ$ z a mordant by ! cotton dy] & l>gely by ! pr9t]4 ,non-,poison\s ,textile & ,egg ,dyes = ,h\sehold ,use4--,! prep>ation ( non-poison\s colors = dye+ fabrics & eggs at home con/itutes a sep>ate dep>tm5t 9 ! manufacture ( dye/uffs4 ,c]ta9 classes ( anil9e dyes may be prop]ly said to =m ! mat]ials4 ,! ess5ce ( ?is color prep>ation consi/s *iefly 9 dilut+ or weak5+ ! coal-t> dyes1 made 9 ! anil9e factories1 & br++ !m d[n to a c]ta9 desir$ %ade by ! addition ( c]ta9 *emicals suit$ to _! v>y+ *>act]i/ics1 :i*1 ?\gh weak5+ ! color1 act at ! same "t z ! s-call$ mordants4 ,! anil9es are divid$ ) ref]5ce to _! *>act]i/ic reactions into gr\ps ( basic1 acid1 mod]ately acid1 z well z dyes t are insoluble 9 wat]4 ,9 cases :]e comb9ations ( "o or m colors are ne$$1 only dyes ( simil> reaction c be comb9$1 t is1 basic ) basic1 & acid ) acid4 ,= ! purpose ( r$uc+ ! orig9al int5sity ( ! colors1 & also z mordants1 dextr91 ,glaub]'s salt1 alum1 or alum9um sulphate is press$ into s]vice4 ,:]e ,glaub]'s salt is us$1 ! neutral salt is exclusively employ$1 :i* c be _h *eaply & 9 imm5se quantities 9 ! *emical indu/ry4 ,s9ce x is cu/om>y to pack ! color mixtures 9 two pap] boxes1 "o /uck into ! o!r1 & moreov] s9ce c]ta9 coal-t> dyes are only us$ 9 l>ge cry/als1 x is only reasonable t ! mordants %\ld be calc9$ & n put up 9 ! %ape ( cry/alliz$ salts1 p>ticul>ly s9ce ^! latt] are prone to absorb ! moi/ure f ! air1 & :5 ?us wet likely to =m a compact mass v difficult to dissolve4 ,?is inconv5i5ce (t5 occurs ) ! l>ge cry/als ( fu*s9e & me?yl violet4 ,because ^! two colors are mo/ly us$ 9 comb9ation ) dextr9 to color eggs1 & s9ce dextr9 is also v hygroscopic1 x is bett] 9 ^! individual cases to employ calc9$ ,glaub]'s salt4 ,9 ! manufacture ( egg colors ! alkal9e color+ coal-t> dyes are mo/ly us$1 & !y are to be f\nd 9 a great v>iety ( %ades4 ,( ! non-poison\s egg dyes1 !re are "s t5 or a doz5 numb]s1 new r$1 c>m9e1 sc>let1 p9k1 violet1 blue1 yell[1 orange1 gre51 br[n1 black1 heliotrope1 etc41 :i* :5 mix$ w #bgf enable ! op]ator to =m %ades almo/ )\t numb]4 ,! manufacture ( ! egg dyes z c>ri$ on 9 ! factory consi/s 9 a me*anical mix+ ( basic coal-t> dye/uffs1 also "s direct color+ b5zid9e dye/uffs1 ) dextr9 9 ! ratio ( ab\t #a "p ( anil9e dye to #h p>ts ( dextr92 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 accord+ to ! conc5trat$ /ate ( ! dyes1 ! r$uc+ quantity ( ! dextr9 may be greatly increas$4 ,z r$uc+ ag5ts = ^! colors insoluble sub/ances may also be employ$4 ,a "p also ( ! egg dyes are treat$ ) ! neutral sulphate2 = in/ance1 light brilliant gre51 because ( its rubb+ (f1 is made ) dextr9 & ,glaub]'s salt 9 ! proportion ( #a3c3c4 ,= ! dye+ ( eggs su* color mixtures are pref]ably employ$ z conta9 along ) ! dye prop] a fix+ ag5t 7dextr97 z well z a m$ium = ! sup]ficial mordant+ ( ! egg%ell4 ,! colors w !n be v brilliant4 ,"h are "s recipes3 ,p>ts ,color ,dye/uff by ,cit4 ,dextr9 ,weight ,acid ,blue ,m>9e blue ,b4 ,n4 #c4e #ce4j #fj4j ,br[n ,vesuv9 ,s4 #cj4j #cg4e #cj4j ,gre5 ,brilliant gre5 ,o4 #ac4e #ah4j #fg4e ,orange ,orange ,,ii4 #i4j #ah4j #ge4j ,r$ ,diamond fu*s9e ,i4 #c4e #ah4j #ge4j ,p9k ,eos9 ,a4 #d4e -- #ij4j ,violet ,me?yl violet #f ,b4 #c4f #ah4j #ge4j ,yell[ ,naph?ol yell[ ,s4 #ac4e #cf4j #fg4e ,v little ( ^! mixtures suffices = dye+ five eggs4 ,! color+ matt] is dissolv$ 9 #fjj p>ts by weight ( boil+ wat]1 :ile ! eggs to be dy$ are boil$ h>d1 :]eupon !y are plac$ 9 ! dye solution until !y seem suffici5tly color$4 ,! dyes %\ld be put up 9 wax$ pap]4 ,fa/ ,/amp+ ,color4--,rub up sep>ately1 #bj p>ts ( cupric sulphate & #bj p>ts ( anilic hydro*lorate1 !n mix c>efully toge!r1 aft] add+ #aj p>ts ( dextr94 ,! mixture is next gr\nd ) #e p>ts ( glyc]9e & suffici5t wat] until a ?ick1 uni=m1 pa/e-l mass results1 adapt$ = use by means ( /5cil & bri/le-bru%4 ,anil9e black is =m$ !reby 9 & ^u ! fib]1 :i* is n de/roy$ by boil+4 ,new ,mordant+ ,process4--,! ord9>y me?od ( mordant+ wool ) a bi*romate & a r$uc+ ag5t always makes ! fib] m or less t5d]1 & ,am5d propos$ to sub/itute ! use ( a solution ( *romic acid conta9+ #a to #b p] c5t ( ! weight ( ! wool1 at a temp]ature n exce$+ #adh ,f41 & to treat x aft]w>ds ) a solution ( sodium bisulphite4 ,accord+ to a rec5t ,fr5* pat5t1 bett] results are obta9$ ) neutral or slightly basic *romium sulphocyanide4 ,?is salt1 if neutral or only slightly basic1 w mordant wool at #adh ,f4 ,! d\ble sulphocyanide ( *romium & ammonium1 got by dissolv+ *romic oxide 9 ammonium sulphocyanide1 c also be us$4 ,nev]!less1 9 ord] to precipitate *romium *romate on ! fib]1 x is advisable to h a soluble *romate & a nitrate pres5t1 z well z a soluble copp] salt & a free acid4 ,"o example ( ! process is z foll[s3 ,make ! ba? ) #b to #c p] c5t ( ammonio-*romium sulphocyanide1 "o-half ( #a p] c5t sodium bi*romate1 "o-?ird ( #a p] c5t sodium nitrite1 "o-?ird ( #a p] c5t sulphate ( copp]1 & #a4e p] c5t sulphuric acid--p]c5tages bas$ on ! weight ( ! wool4 ,ent] cold & sl[ly heat to ab\t #adj to #aej ,f4 ,!n "w = half an h\r1 lift & r9se4 ,! ba? does n exhau/ & c be re9=c$ & us$ aga94 ,process = ,dye+ 9 ,khaki ,colors4--,bi*romate ( pota% or ( soda1 *loride ( manganese1 & a solution ( acetate ( soda or =miate ( soda 7#ae ,b47 are dissolv$ successively 9 equal quantities4 ,! solution ?us compos$ ( ^! ?ree salts is aft]w>ds dilut$ at w1 accord+ to ! color desir$1 con/itut+ a range f a d>k br[n to a light olive gre5 %ade4 ,! proportions ( ! ?ree salts may be increas$ or dim9i%$1 9 ord] to obta9 %ades m or less bi/]4 ,cotton fre$ f its impurities by ! usual me?ods1 !n full$ z ord9>ily1 is imm]s$ 9 ! ba?4 ,aft] a p]iod1 v>y+ accord+ to ! results desir$1 ! cotton1 ?reads1 or fabrics ( cotton1 are wa%$ ?or\ghly & plung$1 /ill wet1 into an alkal9e solution1 ( :i* ! conc5tration ought nev] to be less ?an #ad ,b4 ,?is degree ( conc5tration is necess>y to take hold ( ! fib] :5 ! cotton comes 9 contact ) ! alkal9e ba?1 & by ! contraction :i* takes place ! oxides ( *rome & ( manganese rema9 fix$ 9 ! fib]s4 ,?is second op]ation is foll[$ by wa%+ 9 pl5ty ( wat]1 & !n ! cotton is dri$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,if ! color is judg$ to be too pale1 ! ?reads or fabrics are imm]s$ aga9 9 ! initial ba?1 left ! necess>y "t = obta9+ ! desir$ %ade1 & !n #bgg wa%$1 b )\t pass+ !m ?r\gh an alkal9e ba?4 ,?is process furni%es a s]ies ( khaki colors1 solid to light1 to full+ & to *lor9e4 ,,lakes3 ,sc>let ,lake4--,9 a vat hold+ #abj gallons provid$ ) good agitat+ app>atus1 dissolve #h p\nds pota% alum 9 #aj gallons hot wat] & add #ej gallons cold wat]4 ,prep>e a solution ( #b p\nds ammonia soda & add sl[ly to ! alum solution1 /irr+ all ! "t4 ,9 a second vessel dissolve #e p\nds ( brilliant sc>let anil9e1 by fir/ mak+ x into a pa/e ) cold wat] & aft]w>ds p\r+ boil+ wat] ov] x2 n[ let out /eam into ! vat until a temp]ature ( #aej to #afe ,f4 is obta9$4 ,next dissolve #aj p\nds b>ium *loride 9 #aj gallons hot wat] 9 a sep>ate vessel1 add ?is v sl[ly1 /ir at lea/ #c h\rs1 keep+ up temp]ature to ! same figures4 ,fill up vat ) cold wat] & leave ! prep>ation = ! night4 ,next morn+ ! liquor 7:i* %\ld be ( a bright r$ color7 is drawn (f1 & cold wat] aga9 add$4 ,wa% by decantation #c times1 filt]1 press g5tly1 & make into pulp4 ,x is v important to precipitate ! alum9um cold1 & heat up be=e add+ ! dye/uff4 ,! *emicals us$ = precipitat+ mu/ be add$ v sl[ly & :ile con/antly /irr+4 ,! quantity us$ = ! ?ree wa%+s is requir$ ea* "t to be d\ble ! quantity orig9ally us$4 ,i4--,madd] ,lakes4--,prep>e f ! root #a p\nd be/ madd]1 alum wat] 7#a p\nd alum ) #a #a_/b gallons ( wat]71 saturat$ solution ( c>bonate ( pota% 7#c_/d p\nd c>bonate ( pota% to #a_/b gallon ( wat]74 ,! madd] root is inclos$ 9 a l95 bag ( f9e texture1 & bruis$ ) a pe/le 9 a l>ge mort> ) #b gallons ( wat] 7free f lime7 add$ 9 small quantities at a "t1 until all ! color+ matt] is extract$4 ,make ?is liquor boil1 & gradually p\r into ! boil+ wat] solution4 ,add ! c>bonate ( pota% solution gradually1 /irr+ all ! "t4 ,let ! mixture /& = #ab h\rs & drop & dry z requir$4 ,,ii4--,g>anc9e ,process4--,?is is ! me?od usually employ$ 9 pref]5ce to t f ! root4 ,g>anc9e is prep>$ by /eep+ madd] root 9 sulphate ( soda & wa%+4 ,g>anc9e #b p\nds ,alum 7dissolv$ 9 a little wat]7 #b p\nds ,*loride ( t9 #a_/b ounce ,suffici5t c>bonate ( pota% or soda to precipitate ! alum4 ,boil ! g>anc9e 9 #d gallons ( pure wat]2 add ! alum1 & cont9ue boil+ f #a to #b h\rs4 ,all[ ! product to p>tially settle & filt] ?r\gh flannel be=e cool+4 ,add to ! filtrate ! *loride ( t91 & suffici5t ( ! pota% or soda solution to precipitate ! alum2 filt] ?r\gh flannel & wa% well4 ,! fir/ filtrate may be us$ = lake ( an inf]ior quality1 & ! g>anc9e orig9ally employ$ may also be treat$ z above1 :5 a lake slightly inf]ior to ! fir/ may be obta9$4 ,m>oon ,lake4--,take ( a mixture made (3 #b_/c ,sapan wood1 #a_/c ,lima wood #ef p>ts ,soda cry/als #db p>ts ,alum #ef p>ts ,extract ! color f ! woods z = rose p9k1 & next boil ! soda & alum toge!r & add to ! woods solution cold4 ,?is mu/ be wa%$ clean be=e add+ to ! wood liquor4 ,c>nation ,lake4-- ,wat] #db gallons ,co*9eal #ab p\nds ,salts ( t>t> #a #a_/b p\nds ,pota% alum #c_/d p\nd ,nitr\s acid1 nitromuriate ( t9 #dd p\nds ,muriatic acid1 nitromuriate ( t9 #fj p\nds ,pure block t91 nitromuriate ( t9 #bb p\nds ,%\ld give specific gravity #a4caj4 ,boil ! wat] ) close /eam1 tak+ c>e t no iron t\*es x2 add ! co*9eal & boil = n m ?an five m9utes2 !n turn (f ! /eam & add salts ( t>t> & aft]w>ds c>efully add ! alum4 ,if x %\ld n rise1 put on /eam until x does1 pass ?r\gh a #abj-me% sieve into a settl+ vat1 & let x /& = #dh h\rs 7n = precipitation74 ,add gradually nitromuriate ( t9 until ! te/ on blott+ pap] 7giv5 bel[7 %[s t ! sep>ation is complete4 ,draw (f cle> wat] aft] x has settl$1 & filt]4 ,to te/1 rub a little ( ! pa/e on blott+ pap]1 !n dry on /eam *e/ or on ! h&1 & if on b5d+ x cracks1 too mu* t9 has be5 us$4 ,to ,te/ ! ,color to ,see if x is ,precipitat+4--,put a drop ( color on :ite blott+ pap]1 & if ! color spreads1 x is n precipitat+4 ,if !re is a #bgh colorless r+ ar\nd ! spot ( color x %[s t precipitation is tak+ place2 if ! :ite r+ is too /rong1 too mu* has be5 us$4 ,,black ,,lakes ,,= ,,wall-,,pap] ,,manufacture3 ,blui%-,black ,lake4--,boil well #bbj p>ts ( ,dom+o logwood 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat] to :i* #b p>ts ( ammonia soda h be5 add$2 to ! boil+ logwood add next #be p>ts ( gre5 vitriol & !n #c4e p>ts ( sodium bi*romate4 ,! precipitat$ logwood lake is wa%$ out well twice & !n filt]$4 ,black ,lake ,,ai4--,logwood extract1 ,san=d1 #abj p>ts2 gre5 vitriol1 #cj p>ts2 acetic acid1 #g ,b41 #aj p>ts2 sodium bi*romate1 #af p>ts2 p[d]$ alum1 #bj p>ts4 ,! logwood extract is fir/ dissolv$ 9 boil+ wat] & br\ght to #be ,b4 by ! addition ( cold wat]4 ,!n ! rema9+ +r$i5ts are add$ 9 rotation1 ! salts 9 sub/ance1 f9ely p[d]$1 ) con/ant /irr+4 ,aft] ! precipitation1 wa% twice & filt]4 ,anil9e ,black ,lake4--,9 ! precipitat+ vat fill$ ) #bjj p>ts ( cold wat] ent] ) con/ant /irr+ 9 ! ord] m5tion$ ! foll[+ solutions kept 9 read9ess3 ,=ty p>ts ( alum dissolv$ 9 #hjj p>ts ( wat]2 #aj p>ts ( calc9$ soda dissolv$ 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]2 #cj p>ts ( azo black dissolv$ 9 #a1ejj p>ts ( wat]2 #j4f p>ts ( 8brilliant gre50 dissolv$ 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]2 #j4bd p>ts ( new fu*s9e dissolv$ 9 #fj p>ts ( wat]2 #fe p>ts ( b>ium *loride dissolv$ 9 #a1bej p>ts ( wat]4 ,all[ to settle = #bd h\rs1 wa% ! lake ?ree times & filt] x4 ,c>m9e ,lake = ,wall ,pap] & ,color$ ,pap]s4--,ammonia soda 7#ih p] c5t71 #eg4e p>ts by weight2 spirits 7#if p] c5t71 #dj p>ts by weight2 corall9 7d>k71 #aj p>ts by weight2 corall9 7pale71 #e p>ts by weight2 _s ( sal ammoniac 7#af ,b471 #h p>ts by weight2 sodium phosphate1 #cj p>ts by weight2 /annic *loride1 #e p>ts by weight2 b>ium *loride1 #ge p>ts by weight4 ,dissolve ! corall9 9 ! _s1 & filt] ! solution c>efully into eight bottles1 ea* conta9+ #a "p ( ! above quantity ( _s ( sal ammoniac1 & let /&4 ,! soda %\ld mean:ile be dissolv$ 9 hot wat] & ! solution run into ! /irr+ vat1 9 :i* !re is cold wat] to ! height ( #ag in*es4 ,add ! sodium phosphate1 :i* has be5 dissolv$ 9 a copp] vessel1 !n ! corall9 solution1 & next ! /annic *loride dilut$ ) #c pailfuls ( cold wat]4 ,la/ly ! b>ium *loride solution is add$4 ,! day previ\s b>ium *loride is dissolv$ 9 a cask 9 z little boil+ wat] z possible1 & ! receptacle is fill$ entirely ) cold wat]4 ,on ! day foll[+1 all[ ! same to run 9 sl[ly dur+ a p]iod ( ?ree-f\r?s ( an h\r1 /ir till ev5+1 all[ to settle = #b days1 draw (f & filt]4 ,engli% ,p9k4-- ,qu]citron b>k #bjj p>ts ,lime #aj p>ts ,alum #aj p>ts ,t]ra alba #cjj p>ts ,:it+ #bjj p>ts ,sug> ( lead #g p>ts ,put ! b>k into a tub1 slake lime 9 ano!r tub1 & add ! cle> limewat] to wa% ! b>k2 repeat ?is #c times1 lett+ ! b>k /& 9 ea* wat] #bd h\rs4 ,run liquor into ! tub bel[ & add ! t]ra alba & :it+2 wa% well 9 ! top tub & run into liquor bel[ ?r\gh a hair sieve1 /irr+ well4 ,dissolve ! sug> ( lead 9 w>m wat] & p\r g5tly into ! tub1 /irr+ all ! "t2 !n dissolve ! alum & run 9 :ile /irr+2 press slightly1 drop1 & dry z requir$4 ,dut* ,p9k4-- ,i4--,qu]citron b>k #bjj p>ts ,lime #bj p>ts ,alum #bj p>ts ,:it+ #ajj p>ts ,t]ra alba #bjj p>ts ,:ite sug> ( lead #aj p>ts ,,ii4--,qu]citron b>k #cjj p>ts ,lime #aj p>ts ,alum #aj p>ts ,t]ra alba #djj p>ts ,:it+ #ajj p>ts ,sug> ( lead #g p>ts ,put ! b>k into a tub ) cold wat]1 slake #bh p\nds ( lime1 & add ! limewat] to ! b>k4 7,?is draws all ! color out ( ! wood47 ,dissolve alum 9 wat] & run x into b>k liquor4 ,! alum solution mu/ be j w>m4 ,dissolve sug> ( lead & add x to above1 & aft]w>ds add ! t]ra alba & :it+4 ,! product %\ld n[ be 9 a pulp1 & mu/ be dropp$ & dri$ z requir$4 ,rose ,p9k4--,i4--,light4 ,sapan wood #ajj p>ts ,lima #ajj p>ts ,p>is :ite #bjj p>ts ,alum #baj p>ts #bgi ,,ii4--,deep4 ,sapan wood #cjj p>ts ,lima #cjj p>ts ,t]ra alba #djj p>ts ,p>is :ite #abj p>ts ,lime #ab p>ts ,alum #bjj p>ts ,,iii4--,sapan wood #bjj p>ts ,alum #ajd p>ts ,:it+ #abd p>ts ,boil ! woods toge!r 9 #d wat]s & let ! products /& until cold2 wa% 9 ! :it+ & t]ra alba ?r\gh a hair sieve1 & aft]w>ds run 9 ! alum4 ,if a deep color is requir$ slake #ab p\nds lime & run x 9 at ! la/ ?r\gh a hair sieve4 ,let ! alum be j w>m or x w %[ 9 ! p9k4 ,,dyes1 ,,colors1 ,,etc41 ,,= ,,textile ,,goods3 ,anil9e ,black4--,?is black is produc$ by c>efully oxidiz+ anil9e hydro*loride4 ,! exact /age ( oxidation mu/ be c>efully regulat$ or ! product w be a diff]5t body 7qu9one74 ,!re are sev]al suitable oxidiz+ ag5ts1 su* z *romic acid1 potassic bi*romate1 f]rocyanide ( potassium1 etc41 b "o ( ! easie/ to manipulate is potassic *lorate1 :i* by react+ on copp] sulphate produces potassic sulphate & copp] *lorate4 ,?is is easily decompos$1 its solution giv+ (f gases at #fj ,f4 :i* consi/ ess5tially ( *loride anhydrate4 ,b "o ( ! mo/ useful ag5ts = ! production ( anil9e black is vanadate ( ammonia1 #a "p ( :i* w d ! "w ( #d1jjj p>ts ( copp]4 ,_m o!r salts besides copp] may be us$ = produc+ anil9e black1 b ! foll[+ me?od is "o ( ! be/ to foll[ 9 mak+ ?is dye3 ,anil9e hydro*loride #dj p>ts ,potassic *lorate #bj p>ts ,copp] sulphate #dj p>ts ,*loride ( ammonia 7sal ammoniac7 #af p>ts ,w>m wat] at #fj ,f #ejj p>ts ,aft] w>m+ a few m9utes ! mass fro?s up4 ,! vapor %\ld n be inhal$4 ,!n set aside1 & if ! mass is n totally black 9 a few h\rs1 aga9 heat to #fj ,f41 & expose to ! air = a few days1 & f9ally wa% away all ! soluble salts & ! black is fit = use4 ,anil9e ,black ,sub/itutes4--,i4--,make a solution ( ,anil9e 7fluid measure7 #cj p>ts ,toluid9e 7by weight7 #aj p>ts ,pure hydro*loric acid1 ,b4 ,p4 7fluid measure7 #fj p>ts ,soluble gum arabic 7fluid measure7 #fj p>ts ,dissolve ! toluid9e 9 ! anil9e & add ! acid1 & f9ally ! mucilage4 ,,ii4--,mix toge!r at g5tle heat3 ,/>* pa/e #ac qu>ts ,potassic *lorate #cej scruples ,sulphate ( copp] #cjj scruples ,sal ammoniac #cjj scruples ,anil9e hydro*loride #hjj scruples ,add #e p] c5t ( aliz>9e oil1 & !n /eep x = #b h\rs 9 ! dye ba? ( r$ liquor ( #b #a_/b ,tw4 ,dye 9 a ba? made up ( #a_/b ounce ( rose b5gal & #a #a_/b ounces ( r$ liquor to e #gj ounces ( cotton fabric dy$1 fir/ ent]+ ! fabric at #aab ,f41 & rais+ x to #adj ,f41 work+ = #a h\r1 or until ! desirable %ade is obta9$2 !n r9se & dry4 ,blu% ,p9k on ,cotton ,textile4--,rose b5gal or fa/ p9k w give ?is %ade4 ,! mordant to use is a #e p] c5t solution ( /annate ( soda & ano!r #e p] c5t solution ( alum4 ,dissolve 9 a vessel 7a7 #h #a_/b p>ts ( *loride ( copp] 9 #cj p>ts ( wat]1 & !n add #aj p>ts *loride ( sodium & #i #a_/b p>ts liquid ammonia4 ,9 a second vessel dissolve 7b7 #cj p>ts anil9e hydro*lorate 9 #bj p>ts ( wat]1 & add #bj p>ts ( a solution ( gum arabic prep>$ by dissolv+ #a "p ( gum 9 #b p>ts ( wat]4 ,f9ally mix #a "p ( a ) #d p>ts ( b2 expose ! mixture to ! air = a few days to develop f a gre5i% to a black color4 ,dilute = use1 or else dry ! ?ick comp\nd to a p[d]4 ,if new liquor is us$ z ! mordant1 mix #a "p ( ?is ) #d p>ts ( wat]1 & aft] work+ ! fabric = #a to #b h\rs 9 ! cold liquor1 wr+ or squeeze x out & dry2 be=e work+ x 9 ! dye liquor1 ?or\ghly wet ! fabric by r9s+ x 9 hot wat] at a spr+ boil2 !n cool by wa%+ 9 ! dye ba? until ! %ade desir$ is atta9$1 & aga9 r9se & dry4 ,! r$ liquor or acetate ( alum9um may be made by dissolv+ #ac ounces ( alum 9 #fi ounces ( wat] & mix+ ?is ) a solution made by dissolv+ #g #a_/b ounces ( acetate ( lime1 also dissolv$ 9 #fi ounces ( wat]4 ,/ir well1 all[ x to settle1 & filt] or decant] #bhj (f ! cle> fluid = use1 & use ?is mixture #b #a_/b ,tw4 ,! fabric is fir/ put into ! /annate ( soda mordant = a few m9utes1 !n wrung out & put into ! alum mordant = ab\t ! same "t2 !n x is aga9 wrung out & ent]$ 9 ! dye ba? at #abj ,f4 & dy$ to %ade desir$1 & aft]w>ds r9s$ 9 cold wat] & dri$4 ,! dye ba? is made ( #a_/d ounce ( rose b5gal p] gallon ( wat]4 ,if fa/ p9k is ! dye us$1 ! mordant us$ w\ld be ,turkey r$ oil & r$ liquor4 ,use #h ounces ( ,turkey r$ oil p] gallon ( wat]4 ,put ! fabric into ?is1 !n wr+ out ! textile & "w 9 r$ liquor ( #g ,tw4 = ab\t #b h\rs1 !n wr+ out & dye 9 a sep>ate ba? made up ( eos9e1 or fa/ p9k1 9 wat] 9 :i* a little alum has be5 dissolv$4 ,to ,dye ,wool5 ,y>ns1 etc41 ,v>i\s ,%ades ( ,mag5ta4--,to prep>e ! dye ba? dissolve #a p\nd ( rose9e 9 #ae gallons ( wat]4 ,= a conc5trat$ solution use only #aj gallons ( wat]1 :ile if a v mu* conc5trat$ color is ne$$1 dissolve ! dye 9 me?ylat$ _s ( w9e1 & dilute ?is spiritu\s t9cture ) an equal quantity ( wat]4 ,no mordant is requir$ 9 us+ ?is color 9 dye+ wool5 goods4 ,! dye+ op]ation consi/s simply 9 putt+ ! goods into ! dye ba? at #aij ,f4 & work+ !m !re9 until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$1 !n r9s+ 9 cold wat] & dry+4 ,if ! wat] us$ 9 prep>+ ! dye is at all alkal9e1 make use ( ! acid rose9e dissolv$ 9 wat] 9 :i* a little sulphuric acid has be5 mix$1 & "w1 gradually rais+ to ! boil+ po9t1 & keep up ! temp]ature = #cj m9utes1 or accord+ to ! %ade desir$4 ,put ab\t #bj p] c5t sulphate ( soda into ! dye ba?4 ,m>oon ,dye = ,wool5s4--,to prep>e ! dye ba?1 dissolve ab\t #a p\nd ( m>oon dye 9 boil+ wat]1 ) or )\t ! addition ( me?ylat$ _s ( w9e4 ,= d>k %ades dissolve 9 boil+ wat]1 only slightly acidulat$ ) hydro*loric acid1 & filt] be=e use4 ,no mordant is requir$ ) ?is dye :5 dye+ wool1 b = ! bright %ade a little curd soap may be dissolv$ 9 ! dye ba? be=e proce$+ to dye ! wool1 :ile = ! d>k %ade x is be/ to put 9 a little acetate ( soda4 ,to use ! dye1 fir/ dye 9 a weak ba? & gradually /r5g!n x until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$1 at ! same "t gradually increas+ ! temp]ature until j bel[ ! boil+ po9t4 ,to ,dye ,wool5s ) ,blue de ,lyons4--,dissolve #h ounces ( blue dye 9 #a gallon ( me?ylat$ _s1 :i* has be5 slightly s\r$ ) sulphuric acid1 & boil ! solution ov] a wat] ba? until x is p]fectly cle>4 ,to prep>e ! dye ba?1 add m or less ( ! spiritu\s t9cture to a #aj- or #ae-;gallon dye ba? ( wat]1 :i* has be5 slightly s\r$ ) sulphuric acid4 ,ri* ,orange on ,wool54--,dissolve #a p\nd ( phosph9e 9 #ae gallons ( boil+ wat]1 & /ir ! fluid until ! acid has dissolv$4 ,no mordant is requir$ to dye wool4 ,fir/ "w ! goods ab\t 9 a weak solution1 & f9ally 9 "o ( full /r5g?1 to :i* a little acetate ( soda has be5 add$4 ,keep up ! temp]ature to j bel[ ! boil+ po9t :ile work+ ! goods 9 ! dye ba?4 ,,dye+ ,,silk ,,or ,,cotton ,,fabrics ,,) ,,anil9e ,,dyes3 ,anil9e ,blue on ,cotton4--,prep>e a dye ba? by dissolv+ #a p\nd ( anil9e blue 7soluble 9 _s7 9 #aj gallons ( wat]1 & set x aside to settle4 ,mean:ile prep>e a mordant :ile boil+ #ce ounces ( sumac 7or #e #a_/b ounces tannic acid 9 #cj gallons ( wat]7 & !n dissolve !re9 #ag ounces ( curd soap4 ,boil up & filt]4 ,put ! cotton goods 9 ! hot liquid & let !m rema9 !re9 = #ab h\rs4 ,!n wr+ !m out & make up a dye ba? ( #b #a_/b ,tw4 ) r$ liquor4 ,add dye color accord+ to ! %ade desir$4 ,put 9 ! goods & "w !m until ! color is correct1 keep+ ! temp]ature at ! boil+ po9t4 ,to ,dye ,silk a ,delicate ,gre5i% ,yell[4--,dissolve #b ounces ( citron9e 9 #a gallon ( me?ylat$ _s & keep ! solution hot ov] a wat] ba? until p]fectly cle>4 ,to prep>e silk fabrics1 wa% !m 9 a weak soap liquor t has be5 j sweet5$ 7i4 e41 its alkal9ity turn$ to a slight s\rness7 ) a little sulphuric acid4 ,"w ! goods until dy$ to %ade1 & !n r9se !m 9 cold wat] t has be5 slightly acidulat$ ) acetic1 t>t>ic1 or citric acid4 ,to ,dye ,cotton ,d>k ,br[n4--,prep>e a mordant ba? ( #aj p\nds ( cate*u1 #b p\nds ( logwood extract1 & #a_/d p\nd mag5ta 7rose9e71 & br+ to a boil2 "w ! goods !re9 = #c h\rs at t temp]ature2 !n put #bha into a fre% dye ba? made up ( #c p\nds ( bi*romate ( pota% & #b p\nds ( sal soda1 & dye to %ade4 ,^! proportions are = a dye ba? to dye #ajj p\nds ( cotton goods at a "t4 ,to ,dye ,silk ,peacock ,blue4--,make up a dye ba? by putt+ #a p9t ( sulphuric acid at #agj ,tw41 & #aj ounces ( me?yl9 blue cry/al dye liquor ( #abj to #afj ,tw41 ) a dye ba? t w hold #hj p\nds ( goods4 ,put 9 ! silk at #acj ,f41 & raise to #adj ,f41 & "w up to %ade requir$4 ,to ,dye ,felt ,goods4--,ow+ to ?is mat]ial be+ compos$ ( animal & vegetable fib] x is n an easy matt] always to produce ev5ness ( %ade4 ,! be/ process to insure success is to /eep well ! felt 9 an acid ba? ( f #f to #ab ,b41 & !n wa% away all traces ( acid4 ,"s dy]s make ! full+ /ock ! m$ium ( convey+ ! dye1 :ile o!rs p>tially dye be=e full+1 or else dye aft] t process4 ,! full+ /ock = #gb ounces ( beav] consi/s ( a mixture ( ,black lead or plumbago #af ounces ,v5etian r$ #dh ounces ,indigo extract 7fluid7 #e ounces ,ord9>y ,drab4-- ,common plumbago #ab ounces ,be/ plumbago #ab ounces ,ar*il extract 7fluid7 #ae ounces ,indigo extract #aj ounces ,mix into fluid pa/e ) wat] & add sulphuric acid at #cj ,tw4 ,= ! dye liquor make a boil+-hot solution ( ! anil9e dye & all[ x to cool2 !n put into an e>!nw>e vessel hold+ wat] & heat to #hc ,f41 & add suffici5t dye liquor to give ! quantity ( felt ! desir$ %ade4 ,fir/ moi/5 well ! felt$ matt] 7or ! hair1 if dy$ be=e felt+7 ) wat]1 & !n "w x ab\t 9 ! above dye ba? at #adj ,f4 ,to deep5 ! %ade1 add m dye liquor1 lift+ out ! mat]ial to be dy$ be=e add+ ! fre% dye liquor1 s t x c be well /irr$ up & ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! exhau/$ ba?4 ,br[n ,%ades4--,bism>ck br[n w give good results1 p>ticul>ly if ! dy$ goods are aft]w>ds /eep$ or pass$ ?r\gh a weak solution 7pale /raw color7 ( bi*romate ( pota%4 ,?is w give a sub/antial look to ! color4 ,any ( ! anil9e colors suitable = cotton or wool1 or ^? suit$ = mix$ cotton & wool goods may be us$4 ,blue4--,use ei!r ,*9a blue1 d5se f]ry blue1 or s]ge blue1 fir/ mak+ ! mat]ial acid be=e dye+4 ,gre54--,use brilliant gre5 & h ! mat]ial neutral1 i4 e41 nei!r acid nor alkali2 or else /eep 9 a ba? ( sumac be=e dye+4 ,plum ,color4--,use m>oon 7neutral or acid7 & "w 9 an acid ba? or else sumac4 ,black4--,use negros9 9 an acid ba?1 or else mordant 9 two salts & dye slightly acid4 ,soluble ,blue1 ,ball ,blue1 etc4--,a soluble blue has = _m ye>s be5 readily obta9able 9 comm]ce :i* is simil> 9 appe>ance to ,prussian blue1 b1 unlike ! latt]1 is freely soluble 9 wat]4 ,?is blue is said to be potassium f]ri-f]rocyanide4 ,to prep>e in/ead ( buy+ x ready made1 gradually add to a boil+ solution ( potassium f]ricyanide 7r$ prussiate ( pota%7 an equival5t quantity ( hot solution ( f]r\s sulphate1 boil+ = #b h\rs & wa%+ ! precipitate on a filt] until ! wa%+s assume a d>k-blue color4 ,! moi/ precipitate c at once be dissolv$ by ! fur!r addition ( a suffici5t quantity ( wat]4 ,ab\t #fd p>ts ( ! iron salt is necess>y to conv]t #ajj p>ts ( ! potassium salt into ! blue comp\nd4 ,if ! blue is to be s5t out 9 ! liquid =m1 x is desirable t ! solution %\ld be a p]fect "o4 ,to atta9 t end ! wat] employ$ %\ld be free f m9]al sub/ances1 & x is be/ to filt] ! solution ?r\gh sev]al ?icknesses ( f9e cotton clo? be=e bottl+2 or if made 9 l>ge quantities ?is me?od may be modifi$ by all[+ x to /& "s days to settle1 :5 ! top portion c be siphon$ (f = use1 ! bottom only requir+ filtration4 ,! ball blue sold = laundry use consi/s ( ultram>9e4 ,balls or tablets ( ?is sub/ance are =m$ by mix+ x ) glucose or glucose & dextr91 & press+ into %ape4 ,:5 glucose alone is us$1 ! product has a t5d5cy to become s(t on keep+1 :i* t5d5cy may be c\nt]act$ by a prop] proportion ( dextr94 ,bic>bonate ( sodium is add$ z a fill] to *eap5 ! product1 ! quantity us$ & ! quality ( ! ultram>9e employ$ be+ bo? regulat$ by ! price at :i* ! product is to sell4 ,new ,production ( ,indigo4--,=ty p>ts ( a fre%ly prep>$ ammonium sulphide solution conta9+ #aj p] c5t #bhb ( hydrog5 sulphide are made to fl[ quickly & ) con/ant /irr+ into a heat$ solution ( #bj p>ts ( isat9e anilide 9 #fj p>ts ( alcohol4 ,) spontane\s heat+ & tempor>y gre5 & blue coloration1 an imm$iate sep>ation ( indigo 9 small cry/all9e ne$les ( a fa9t copp] lu/] takes place4 ,boil = a %ort "t1 :]eupon ! indigo is filt]$ (f1 rewa%$ ) alcohol1 & dri$4 ,to ,dye ,fea!rs4--,a pr]equisite to ! dye+ ( fea!rs appe>s to be s(t5+ !m1 :i* is sometimes accompli%$ by soak+ !m 9 w>m wat]1 & sometimes an alkali1 su* z ammonium or sodium c>bonate1 is add$4 ,?is latt] me?od w\ld app>5tly be pref]able on acc\nt ( ! removal ( any greasy matt] t may be pres5t4 ,:5 s prep>$ ! fea!rs may be dy$ by imm]sion 9 any dye liquor4 ,an old-"t recipe = black is imm]sion 9 a ba? ( f]ric nitrate suitably dilut$ ) wat]1 & !n 9 an infusion ( equal p>ts ( logwood & qu]citron4 ,d\btless an anil9e dye w\ld prove equally effici5t & w\ld be less tr\blesome to use4 ,aft] dye+1 fea!rs are dipp$ 9 an emulsion =m$ by agitat+ any bl& fix$ oil ) wat] conta9+ a little potassium c>bonate1 & are !n dri$ by g5tly sw++ !m 9 w>m air4 ,?is op]ation gives ! gloss4 ,curl+ :]e requir$ is effect$ by slightly w>m+ ! fea!rs be=e a fire1 & !n /rok+ ) a blunt metallic edge1 z ! back ( a knife4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( manual dext]ity is necess>y to c>ry ! :ole process to a successful end+4 ,,dyes ,,= ,,food3 ,see ,foods4 ,,dyes ,,= ,,lea!r3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,dye ,,/a9s1 ,,_! ,,removal ,,f ,,! ,,sk93 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,dynamite3 ,see ,explosives4 ,,e>!nw>e3 ,see ,c]amics4 ,,eau ,,de ,,qu99e3 ,see ,hair ,prep>ations4 ,,ebony3 ,see ,wood4 ,,ebony ,,lacqu]3 ,see ,lacqu]s4 ,,eczema ,,du/+ ,,p[d] ,,= ,,*ildr54 ,/>*1 ,fr5* *alk1 lycopodium1 ( ea*1 #dj p>ts2 bismu? subnitrate1 #b p>ts2 salicylic acid1 #b p>ts2 m5?ol1 #a "p4 ,apply freely to ! affect$ p>ts4 ,eggs ,! age ( eggs may be approximately judg$ by tak+ advantage ( ! fact t z !y gr[ old _! d5sity decreases ?r\gh evaporation ( moi/ure4 ,accord+ to ,siebel1 a new-laid egg plac$ 9 a vessel ( br9e made 9 ! proportion ( #b ounces ( salt to #a p9t ( wat]1 w at once s9k to ! bottom4 ,an egg #a day old w s9k bel[ ! surface1 b n to ! bottom1 :ile "o #c days old w swim j imm]s$ 9 ! liquid4 ,if m ?an #c days old ! egg w float on ! surface1 ! am\nt ( %ell expos$ increas+ ) age2 & if #b weeks old1 only a little ( ! %ell w dip 9 ! liquid4 ,! ,new ,york ,/ate ,exp]im5t ,/ation /udi$ ! *anges 9 ! specific gravity ( ! eggs on keep+ & f\nd t on an av]age fre% eggs _h a specific gravity ( #a4jij2 aft] !y 7 #aj days old1 ( #a4jgb2 aft] #bj days1 ( #a4jec2 & aft] #cj days1 ( #a4jce4 ,! te/ 0 n cont9u$ fur!r4 ,! *anges 9 specific gravity correspond to ! *anges 9 wat] cont5t4 ,:5 eggs are kept !y cont9ually lose wat] by evaporation ?r\gh ! pores 9 ! %ell4 ,aft] #aj days ! av]age loss 0 f\nd to be #a4fj p] c5t ( ! total wat] pres5t 9 ! egg :5 p]fectly fre%2 aft] #bj days1 #c4af p] c5t2 & aft] #cj days1 #e p] c5t4 ,! av]age temp]ature ( ! room :]e ! eggs 7 kept 0 #fc4h ,f4 ,! evaporation 0 f\nd to increase some:at ) increas$ temp]ature4 ,none ( ! eggs us$ 9 ! #cj-;day te/ spoil$4 ,fre% eggs are pres]v$ 9 a numb] ( ways :i* may1 = conv5i5ce1 be gr\p$ "u two g5]al classes3 7#a7 ,use ( l[ temp]ature1 i4 e41 cold /orage2 & 7#b7 exclud+ ! air by coat+1 cov]+1 or imm]s+ ! eggs1 "s mat]ial or solution be+ us$ :i* may or may n be a g]micide4 ,! two me?ods are (t5 comb9$4 ,! #bhc fir/ me?od owes its value to ! fact t microrganisms1 l l>g] =ms ( plant life1 w n gr[ bel[ a c]ta9 temp]ature1 ! necess>y degree ( cold v>y+ ) ! species4 ,s f> z exp]im5t %[s1 x is impossible to kill ^! m9ute plants1 popul>ly call$ 8bact]ia0 or 8g]ms10 by any degree ( cold2 & s1 v l[ temp]ature is unnecess>y = pres]v+ eggs1 ev5 if x 7 n undesirable = o!r reasons1 su* z injury by freez+ & increas$ co/4 ,accord+ to a report ( ! ,canadian commission ( agriculture & dairy+3 ,eggs are sometimes remov$ f ! %ells & /or$ 9 bulk1 usually on a comm]cial scale1 9 cans conta9+ ab\t #ej p\nds ea*4 ,! temp]ature recomm5d$ is ab\t #cj ,f41 or a little bel[ freez+1 & x is said !y w keep any desir$ l5g? ( "t4 ,!y mu/ be us$ soon aft] !y h be5 remov$ f /orage & h be5 ?aw$4 ,wat] glass or soluble glass is ! popul> "n = potassium silicate1 or sodium silicate1 ! comm]cial article (t5 be+ a mixture ( ! two4 ,! comm]cial wat] glass is us$ = pres]v+ eggs1 z x is mu* *eap] ?an ! *emically pure article :i* is requir$ = _m sci5tific purposes4 ,wat] glass is commonly sold 9 two =ms1 a syrup-?ick liquid ( ab\t ! consi/5cy ( molasses1 & a p[d]4 ,! ?ick syrup1 ! =m p]haps mo/ usually se51 is sometimes sold :olesale z l[ z #a #c_/d c5ts p] p\nd 9 c>boy lots4 ,! retail price v>ies1 ?\gh #aj c5ts p] p\nd1 accord+ to ! ,nor? ,dakota ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 seems to be ! price commonly ask$4 ,accord+ to ! results obta9$ at ?is /ation a solution ( ! desir$ /r5g? = pres]v+ eggs may be made by dissolv+ #a "p ( ! syrup-?ick wat] glass 9 #aj p>ts1 by measure1 ( wat]4 ,if ! wat]-glass p[d] is us$1 less is requir$ = a giv5 quantity ( wat]4 ,mu* ( ! wat] glass (f]$ = sale is v alkal9e4 ,su* mat]ial %\ld n be us$1 z ! eggs pres]v$ 9 x w n keep well4 ,only pure wat] %\ld be us$ 9 mak+ ! solution1 & x is be/ to boil x & cool x be=e mix+ ) ! wat] glass4 ,! solution %\ld be c>efully p\r$ ov] ! eggs pack$ 9 a suitable vessel1 :i* mu/ be clean & sweet1 & if wood5 kegs or b>rels are us$ !y %\ld be ?or\ghly scald$ be=e pack+ ! eggs 9 !m4 ,! pack$ eggs %\ld be /or$ 9 a cool place4 ,if !y are plac$ :]e x is too w>m1 silicate deposits on ! %ell & ! eggs d n keep well4 ,! ,nor? ,dakota ,exp]im5t ,/ation f\nd x be/ n to wa% ! eggs be=e pack+1 z ?is removes ! natural mucilag9\s coat+ on ! outside ( ! %ell4 ,! /ation /ates t #a gallon ( ! solution is suffici5t = #ej doz5 eggs if !y are prop]ly pack$4 ,x is1 p]haps1 too mu* to expect t eggs pack$ 9 any way w be j z satisfactory = table use z ! fre% article4 ,! op9ion seems to be1 h[ev]1 t ^? pres]v$ ) wat] glass are sup]ior to mo/ ( ^? pres]v$ o!rwise4 ,! %ells ( eggs pres]v$ 9 wat] glass are apt to crack 9 boil+4 ,x is /at$ t ?is may be prev5t$ by punctur+ ! blunt end ( ! egg ) a p9 be=e putt+ x into ! wat]4 ,to ,discov] ! ,age ( ,eggs4--,! mo/ reliable me?od ( arriv+ at ! age ( h5s' eggs is t by specific gravity4 ,make a solution ( cook+ salt 7sodium *loride7 9 ra9 or di/ill$ wat]1 ( ab\t "o "p ( salt to two p>ts ( wat]1 & 9 ?is place ! eggs to be te/$4 ,a p]fectly fre% egg 7( f #a to #cf h\rs old7 w s9k completely1 ly+ horizontally on ! bottom ( ! vessel2 :5 f two to ?ree days old1 ! egg also s9ks1 b n to ! bottom1 rema9+ j bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]1 ) a slight t5d5cy ( ! l>ge end to rise4 ,9 eggs ( f\r or five days old ?is t5d5cy ( ! l>ge end to rise becomes m m>k$1 & x increases f day to day1 until at ! end ( ! fif? day ! long axis ( ! egg 7an imag9>y l9e drawn ?r\gh ! c5t] l5g?wise7 w /& at an angle ( #bj f ! p]p5dicul>4 ,?is angle is increas$ daily1 until at ! end ( ! eigh? day x is at ab\t #de2 on ! f\rte5? day x is #fj2 on ! tw5ty-fir/ day x is #ge1 :ile at ! end ( #d weeks ! egg /&s p]fectly upright 9 ! liquid1 ! po9t or small end d[nw>d4 ,?is action is bas$ on ! fact t ! air cavity 9 ! big end ( ! egg increases 9 size & capacity1 f day to day1 z ! egg gr[s old]4 ,an app>atus 7orig9ally devis$ by a ,g]man p\ltry fanci]7 bas$ on ?is pr9ciple1 & by means ( :i* ! age ( an egg ma9ta9$ at ord9>y temp]ature may be told approximately to )9 a day1 is made by plac+ a scale ( degrees1 drawn f ,o to #ij 7! latt] repres5t+ ! p]p5dicul>7 beh9d ! vessel #bhd conta9+ ! solution1 & obs]v+ ! angle made by ! axis ( ! egg ) ! p]p5dicul> l9e4 ,?is gives ! age ( ! egg ) great accuracy4 ,weights ( ,eggs4--,! foll[+ table %[s ! v>iation 9 weight betwe5 eggs ( ! same family ( *ick5s & ( ! comp>ative value ( ! product ( diff]5t k9ds ( f[ls3 ,weight ( ,:ole ,eggs1 ,%ell1 ,gra9s4 ,gra9s4 ,net4 ,common h51 small #fce4fj #hd4hf #eej4ed ,common h51 mean #gch4ce #ib4eh #fde4gg ,common h51 l>ge #hjb4cf #ic4be #gji4aa ,italian h5 #hdj4jj #ib4ej #gdg4ej ,h\dan #ief4fj #ic4ej #hec4aj ,la ,fles*e #ibf4ej #id4be #hce4be ,brahma #a1jbe4ej #aad4hf #iaj4fd ,f ?is x w be se5 t ! ,h\dans & ,brahmas are ! mo/ pr(itable produc]s1 z f> z food value ( ! product is conc]n$--provid$1 ( c\rse1 !y are equally prolific ) ! ord9>y f[l4 ,ano!r calculation is ! numb] ( eggs to ! p\nd1 ( ! v>i\s weights4 ,?is is z foll[s3 ,small ord9>y eggs 7#fce gra9s7 #ab4bj to p\nd ,l>ge ord9>y eggs 7#hjb gra9s7 #i4be to p\nd ,h\dan eggs #h4j to p\nd ,brahma1 mean #g4d to p\nd ,brahma1 l>ge #g4a to p\nd ,dri$ ,yolk ( ,egg4--,to prep>e ?is1 ! yolks ( eggs1 sep>at$ f ! :ites1 are ?or\ghly mix$ ) #a_/c _! weight ( wat]4 ,! result+ emulsion is /ra9$ & evaporat$ "u r$uc$ pressure at a temp]ature ( #hg to #abb ,f41 to a pa/e4 ,! latt] is fur!r dri$ ov] quicklime or a simil> absorb5t ( moi/ure1 at a temp]ature ( #gg to #hf ,f41 & gr\nd to a f9e p[d]4 ,egg ,oil4-- ,yolks ( eggs 7ab\t #bej7 #e4j p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #j4c p>ts ,beat ?is toge!r & heat ! mass ) con/ant /irr+ 9 a di% on ! wat] ba? until x ?ick5s & a sample exhibits oil ^u press+ betwe5 ! f+]s4 ,squeeze out betwe5 hot plates1 mix ! turbid oil obta9$ ) #j4je p>ts ( dehydrat$ ,glaub]'s salt1 %ake repeat$ly1 & f9ally all[ to settle4 ,! oil1 :i* mu/ be decant$ cle> f ! s$im5t1 gives a yield ( at lea/ #j4e p>ts ( egg oil4 ,artificial ,egg ,oil4-- ,yell[ beeswax #j4b p>ts ,cacao oil #j4e p>ts ,melt on ! wat] ba? & gradually add #i p>ts ( olive oil4 ,egg ,p[d]4-- ,sodium bic>bonate #h ounces ,t>t>ic acid #c ounces ,cream t>t> #e ounces ,turm]ic1 p[d]$ #c dra*ms ,gr\nd rice #af ounces ,mix & pass ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,"o teaspoonful to a dess]tspoonful 7accord+ to article to be made71 to be mix$ ) ea* half p\nd ( fl\r4 ,! ,pres]vation ( ,eggs4--,! spoil+ ( eggs is due to ! entrance ( air c>ry+ g]ms ?r\gh ! %ells4 ,normally ! %ell has a surface coat+ ( mucilag9\s matt]1 :i* prev5ts = a "t ! entrance ( ^! h>mful organisms into ! egg4 ,b if ?is coat+ is remov$ or s(t5$ by wa%+ or o!rwise ! keep+ quality ( ! egg is mu* r$uc$4 ,^! facts expla9 :y _m me?ods ( pres]vation h n be5 entirely successful1 & sugge/ t ! me?ods employ$ %\ld be bas$ ^u ! idea ( protect+ & r5d]+ m effective ! natural coat+ ( ! %ell1 s t air be>+ ! g]ms t cause decomposition may be completely exclud$4 ,eggs are (t5 pack$ 9 lime1 salt1 or o!r products1 or are put 9 cold /orage = w9t] use1 b su* eggs are v f> f be+ p]fect :5 !y come ^u ! m>ket4 ,g]man au?orities decl>e t wat] glass m closely con=ms to ! requirem5ts ( a good pres]vative ?an any ( ! sub/ances commonly employ$4 ,a #aj p] c5t solution ( wat] glass is said to pres]ve eggs s effectually t at ! end ( ?ree & "o-half mon?s eggs /ill appe>$ to be p]fectly fre%4 ,9 mo/ pack$ eggs ! yolk settles to "o side1 & ! egg is !n inf]ior 9 quality4 ,9 eggs pres]v$ 9 wat] glass ! yolk reta9$ its normal position 9 ! egg1 & 9 ta/e !y 7 n to be di/+ui%$ f fre%1 unpack$ /ore eggs4 ,( tw5ty me?ods te/$ 9 ,g]many1 ! ?ree :i* prov$ mo/ effective 7 coat+ ! eggs ) vasel9e1 pres]v+ !m 9 limewat]1 & pres]v+ !m 9 wat] glass4 ,! conclusion 0 rea*$ t ! la/ is pref]able1 because v>ni%+ ! eggs ) vasel9e takes consid]able "t1 & treat+ !m ) limewat] is likely to give ! eggs a limy flavor4 #bhe ,o!r me?ods foll[3 ,i4--,eggs c be pres]v$ = w9t] use by coat+ !m1 :5 p]fectly fre%1 ) p>aff9e4 ,z ! spores ( fungi get into eggs almo/ z soon z !y are laid1 x is necess>y to rub e egg ) *lor(orm or wrap x a few m9utes 9 a *lor(orm soak$ rag be=e dipp+ x into ! melt$ p>aff9e4 ,if only a trace ( ! *lor(orm ent]s ! %ell ! developm5t ( su* g]ms z may h ga9$ access to fre%ly laid eggs is prev5t$4 ,! p>aff9e coat+ excludes all future contam9ation f g]m-lad5 air1 & ) no fungi gr[+ )91 !y reta9 _! fre%ness & natural ta/e4 ,,ii4--,pres]v+ ) ,lime4--,dissolve 9 ea* gallon ( wat] #ab ounces ( quicklime1 #f ounces ( common salt1 #a dra*m ( soda1 #a_/b dra*m saltpet]1 #a_/b dra*m t>t>1 & #a #a_/b dra*ms ( borax4 ,! fluid is br\ght into a b>rel & suffici5t quicklime to cov] ! bottom is !n p\r$ 94 ,^u ?is is plac$ a lay] ( eggs1 quicklime is aga9 ?r[n 9 & s on until ! b>rel is fill$ s t ! liquor /&s ab\t #aj in*es deep ov] ! la/ lay] ( eggs4 ,! b>rel is !n cov]$ ) a clo?1 ^u :i* is scatt]$ "s lime4 ,,iii4--,melt #d ounces ( cle> beeswax 9 a porcela9 di% ov] a g5tle fire1 & /ir 9 #h ounces ( olive oil4 ,let ! solution ( wax 9 oil cool some:at1 !n dip ! fre% eggs "o by "o into x s z to coat e "p ( ! %ell4 ,a mom5t>y dip is suffici5t1 all excess ( ! mixture be+ wip$ (f ) a cotton clo?4 ,! oil is absorb$ 9 ! %ell1 ! wax h]metically clos+ all ! pores4 ,,iv4--,! ,re9h>d me?od is said to cause su* *emical *anges 9 ! surface ( ! egg%ell t x is clos$ up p]fectly air-tight & an admittance ( air is entirely exclud$1 ev5 9 case ( long-cont9u$ /or+4 ,! eggs are = a %ort "t expos$ to ! direct action ( sulphuric acid1 :]eby ! surface ( ! egg%ell1 :i* consi/s *iefly ( lime c>bonate1 is trans=m$ into lime sulphate4 ,! d5se texture ( ! surface ?us produc$ =ms a complete protection aga9/ ! access ( ! outside air1 :i* admits ( /or+ ! egg = a v long "t1 )\t ! cont5ts ( ! egg suff]+ any disadvantage\s *anges reg>d+ ta/e & odor4 ,! egg does n require any special treatm5t to prev5t crack+ on boil+1 etc4 ,"s object to ?is on ! gr\nd t sulphuric acid is a dang]\s poison1 t might1 on occasion1 p5etrate ! %ell4 ,v4--,take ab\t half a doz5 eggs & place !m 9 a nett+ 7n s _m z w\ld *ill ! wat] bel[ ! boil+ po9t1 ev5 = an in/ant71 into a boil+ solution ( boric acid1 )draw imm$iately1 & pack4 ,or put up1 9 oil1 c>ry+ #b p] c5t or #c p] c5t ( salicylic acid4 ,eggs treat$ 9 ?is way are said to ta/e1 aft] six mon?s1 absolutely z fre% z !y 7 :5 fir/ put up4 ,! eggs %\ld be z fre% z possible1 & %\ld be ?or\ghly clean be=e dipp+4 ,! philosophy ( ! process is t ! dipp+ 9 boil+ boric acid solution n only kills all bact]ia exi/+ on1 or 91 ! %ell & membrane1 b re9=ces ^! latt] by a v ?9 lay] ( coagulat$ album52 :ile ! pack+ 9 salicylat$ oil prev5ts ! admission ( fre% g]ms f ! atmosph]e4 ,salicylic acid is object$ to on ! same gr\nds z sulphuric acid4 ,,vi4--,dissolve sodium silicate 9 boil+ wat]1 to ab\t ! consi/5cy ( a syrup 7or ab\t #a "p ( ! silicate to #c p>ts wat]74 ,! eggs %\ld be z fre% z possible1 & mu/ be ?or\ghly clean4 ,!y %\ld be imm]s$ 9 ! solution 9 su* mann] t e "p ( ea* egg is cov]$ ) ! liquid1 !n remov$ & let dry4 ,if ! solution is kept at or ne> ! boil+ temp]ature1 ! pres]vative effect is said to be mu* m c]ta9 & to la/ long]4 ,,egg ,,*ocolate3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,egg ,,dyes3 ,see ,dyes4 ,,egg ,,lemonade3 ,see ,bev]ages1 "u ,lemonade4 ,,egg ,,phosphate3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,egg-,,/a9 ,,remov]3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,eggs1 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,eikonog5 ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,ektogan3 ,see ,antiseptics4 #bhf ,,ela9e ,,sub/itute4 ,a sub/itute = ela9e = wool5 y>ns is obta9$ by boil+ #d p\nds c>rage5 moss 9 #be gallons wat] = #c h\rs4 ,! soda is !n put 9 & ! boil+ cont9u$ = ano!r half h\r2 #b p\nds fleabane se$s are gradually add$1 & a little wat] to make up = ! evaporation4 ,aft] a fur!r #a #a_/b h\rs boil+1 ! extract is pass$ ?r\gh a f9e sieve & well mix$ ) #be p\nds cottonse$ oil1 #ab #a_/b p\nds sweet oil1 & #ab #a_/b p\nds ammonia solution ( #j4if specific gravity4 ,next day /ir 9 #be p\nds saponifi$ ela9e & #ac p\nds ( odorless petroleum ( #j4hhe specific gravity4 ,! result+ emulsion keeps well1 dissolves p]fectly 9 lukew>m wat]1 & answ]s its purpose excell5tly4 ,,electrodeposition ,,processes3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,electrolysis ,,9 ,,boil]s3 ,see ,boil] ,comp\nds4 ,electroplat+ & ,electrotyp+ 7,see also ,plat+47 ,,process ,,( ,,electroplat+4 ,fir/1 clean ! articles to be plat$4 ,to remove grease1 w>m ! pieces be=e a sl[ fire ( *>coal or coke1 or 9 a dull r$ /ove4 ,delicate or sold]$ articles %\ld be boil$ 9 a solution ( cau/ic pota%1 ! latt] be+ dissolv$ 9 #aj times its weight ( wat]4 ,! sc\r+ ba? is compos$ ( #ajj p>ts ( wat] to f #e to #bj p>ts ( sulphuric acid4 ,! articles may be put 9 hot & %\ld be left 9 ! ba? till ! surface turns to an o*] r$ t9t4 ,! articles1 aft] hav+ be5 cleans$ ( grease by ! pota% solution1 mu/ be wa%$ 9 wat] & r9s$ be=e be+ sc\r$4 ,copp] or glass tongs mu/ !n be us$ = mov+ ! articles1 z !y mu/ n aft]w>ds be h&l$4 ,= small pieces1 suitable e>!nw>e or porcela9 /ra9]s may be us$4 ,! next /age is ! sp5t nitric acid ba?4 ,?is consi/s ( nitric acid weak5$ by previ\s use4 ,! articles are left 9 until ! r$ color disappe>s1 s t aft] r9s+ !y %[ a uni=m metallic t9t4 ,! r9s+ %\ld be ?or\ghly c>ri$ out4 ,hav+ be5 well %ak5 & dra9$1 ! articles are next subject$ to ! /rong nitric acid ba?1 :i* is made up z foll[s3 ,nitric acid ( #cf ,b #ajj volumes ,*loride ( sodium 7common salt7 #a volume ,calc9$ soot 7lampblack7 #a volume ,! articles mu/ be imm]s$ 9 ?is ba? = only a few seconds4 ,avoid ov]heat+ or us+ too cold a ba?4 ,!y are next r9s$ ?or\ghly ) cold wat] & are aga9 subject$ to a /rong nitric acid ba? to give !m a bright or dull appe>ance z requir$4 ,to produce a bright f9i%1 plunge !m = a few seconds 7mov+ !m ab\t rapidly at ! same "t7 9 a cold ba? ( ! foll[+ composition3 ,nitric acid #ajj volumes ,sulphuric acid #ajj volumes ,*loride ( sodium #a volume ,aga9 r9se ?or\ghly 9 cold wat]4 ,! correspond+ ba? giv+ a dull or matt appe>ance is compos$ (3 ,nitric acid #bjj volumes ,sulphuric acid #ajj volumes ,sea salt #a volume ,sulphate ( z9c #a to #e volumes ,! duration ( imm]sion 9 ?is ba? v>ies f #e to #bj m9utes1 accord+ to ! dullness requir$4 ,wa% ) pl5ty ( wat]4 ,! articles w !n h an unpleasant appe>ance1 :i* w disappe> on plung+ !m = a mom5t into ! bright5+ ba? & r9s+ quickly4 ,! pieces are next treat$ ) ! nitrate ( m]cury ba? = a few seconds4 ,pla9 wat] #aj1jjj p>ts ,nitrate ( m]cury #aj p>ts ,sulphuric acid #bj p>ts ,x is necess>y to /ir ?is ba? be=e us+ x4 ,= l>ge articles ! proportion ( m]cury %\ld be great]4 ,an article badly clean$ w come out 9 v>i\s %ades & lack+ its metallic brightness4 ,x is bett] to ?r[ a sp5t ba? away ?an attempt to /r5g!n x4 ,! v>i\s pieces1 aft] hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ^! sev]al processes1 are !n ready = ! plat+ ba?4 ,a few words on ! subject ( gild+ may n be amiss4 ,small articles are gild$ hot1 l>ge ones cold4 ,! cold cyanide ( gold & potassium ba? is compos$ z foll[s3 ,di/ill$ wat] #aj1jjj p>ts ,pure cyanide ( potassium #bjj p>ts ,pure gold #ajj p>ts ,! gold1 trans=m$ into *loride1 is dissolv$ 9 #b1jjj p>ts ( wat] & #bhg ! cyanide 9 #h1jjj p>ts4 ,! two solutions are !n mix$ & boil$ = half an h\r4 ,! anode mu/ be entirely subm]g$ 9 ! ba?1 susp5d$ f plat9um wires & )drawn imm$iately ! ba? is out ( action4 ,hot ,gold ,ba?4--,z9c1 t91 lead1 antimony & ! alloys ( ^! metals are bett] if previ\sly cov]$ ) copp]4 ,! foll[+ are ! =mulas = ! o!r metals p] #aj1jjj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]3 ,cry/alliz$ phosphate ( soda1 #fjj p>ts2 alloys ri* 9 copp] ca/+s1 #ejj p>ts4 ,bisulphide ( soda1 #ajj p>ts2 alloys ri* 9 copp]1 #abe p>ts4 ,pure cyanide ( potassium1 #aj p>ts2 alloys ri* 9 copp]1 #e p>ts4 ,pure gold trans=m$ into *loride1 #aj p>ts2 alloys ri* 9 copp]1 #aj p>ts4 ,dissolve ! phosphate ( soda hot 9 #h1jjj p>ts wat]1 let ! *loride ( gold cool 9 #a1jjj p>ts wat]2 mix little by little ! second solution ) ! fir/2 dissolve ! cyanide & bisulphide 9 #a1jjj p>ts wat] & mix ?is la/ solution ) ! o!r two4 ,! temp]ature ( ! ba? may v>y betwe5 #abb & #age ,f4 ,silv]+4--,= amateurs a ba? ( #aj p>ts silv] p] #a1jjj is suffici5t4 ,dissolve #aej p>ts nitrate ( silv]1 equival5t to #ajj p>ts pure silv]1 9 #aj1jjj p>ts ( wat] & add #bej p>ts pure cyanide ( potassium4 ,/ir x up until completely dissolv$1 & !n filt] ! solution4 ,silv]+ is g5]ally effect$ cold1 except 9 ! case ( small articles4 ,iron1 /eel1 z9c1 lead1 & t9 are bett] if previ\sly copp]-plat$ & !n silv]$ hot4 ,! clean$ articles are fir/ treat$ 9 a nitrate ( m]cury ba?1 be+ kept cont9ually 9 motion4 ,) excess ( curr5t ! pieces become gray1 & black54 ,9 ! cold ba? anodes ( plat9um or silv] %\ld be employ$4 ,old ba?s are1 9 ?is case1 pref]able to new4 ,!y may1 if requir$1 be artificially ag$ by ! addition ( #a or #b p>ts 9 #a1jjj ( liquid ammonia4 ,if ! anode black5s1 ! ba? is too weak4 ,if x becomes :ite1 !re is too mu* curr5t1 & ! deposit1 be+ too rapid1 does n adh]e4 ,! deposit may be tak5 z normal & regul> :5 ! anode becomes gray dur+ ! passage ( ! curr5t & :ite aga9 :5 x ceases to fl[4 ,! nickel vat %\ld be ( glass1 porcela91 or e>!nw>e1 or a case l9$ ) imp]meable gum4 ,! be/ nickel ba? is prep>$ by dissolv+ to saturation1 9 hot di/ill$ wat]1 nickel sulphate & ammonium1 free f oxides or alkalies & alkal9e e>?y metals4 ,! proportion ( salt to dissolve is #a "p1 by weight1 to #aj ( wat]4 ,filt] aft] cool+ & ! ba? is !n ready = use4 ,:5 ! ba? is ready & ! batt]y set up1 ! wires f ! latt] are jo9$ by b9d+ screws to two metal b>s re/+ on ! edge ( ! vat4 ,! b> jo9$ to ! positive pole ( ! batt]y supports1 ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( a nickel-plat$ copp] hook1 a plate ( nickel1 con/itut+ ! soluble anode1 :i* re/ores to ! ba? ! metal deposit$ on ! ca?ode by ! electrolytic action4 ,f ! o!r b> are susp5d$ ! articles to be plat$4 ,^! latt] %\ld be well poli%$ be=e be+ put into ! ba?4 ,to remove all grease1 scrub !m ) bru%es soak$ 9 a hot solution ( :it+1 boil$ 9 wat] & c>bonate ( soda4 ,copp] & its alloys are clean$ well 9 a few seconds by imm]sion 9 a ba? compos$ ( #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]1 & #a "p ( nitric acid4 ,= r\gh articles1 #b p>ts wat]1 #a nitric acid1 & #a sulphuric acid4 ,= /eel & poli%$ ca/+s1 #ajj p>ts wat] to #a sulphuric acid4 ,! articles %\ld rema9 9 ! ba? until ! :ole surface is ( a uni=m gray t9t4 ,!y are !n rubb$ ) p[d]$ pumice /one till ! solid metal appe>s4 ,iron & /eel ca/+s are left 9 ! ba? = ?ree or f\r h\rs & !n scrubb$ ) well-sift$ s&4 ,if ! curr5t be too /rong1 ! nickel is deposit$ gray or ev5 black4 ,an h\r or s is "t en\gh to r5d] ! coat suffici5tly ?ick & 9 a condition to /& poli%+4 ,:5 ! articles are remov$ f ! ba? !y are wa%$ 9 wat] & dri$ 9 hot sawdu/4 ,to poli% ! articles !y %\ld be tak5 9 "o h& & rubb$ rapidly backw>d & =w>d on a /rip ( clo? soak$ 9 poli%+ p[d] boil$ 9 wat]1 ! clo? be+ firmly fix$ at "o end & held 9 ! o!r h&4 ,! holl[ p>ts are poli%$ by means ( clo? pads ( v>i\s sizes fix$ on /icks4 ,^! pads mu/ be dipp$ 9 ! poli%+ pa/e :5 us+ !m4 ,! articles1 :5 well bright5$1 are wa%$ 9 wat] to get rid ( ! pa/e & ! wool ?reads1 & f9ally dri$ 9 sawdu/4 #bhh ,,"s ,,notes ,,on ,,electrotyp+1 ,,plat+1 ,,& ,,gild+4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! process is ! prep>ation ( ! mold4 ,! sub/ance orig9ally us$ = ! con/ruction ( ?is 0 pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,?is sub/ance is1 h[ev]1 por\s & mu/ be r5d]$ imp]meable4 ,! mat]ials mo/ commonly us$ ( lat] ye>s are /e>9e1 wax1 m>9e glue1 gelat91 india rubb]1 & fusible alloys4 ,) holl[ molds x is a good plan to arrange an int]nal skeleton ( plat9um1 = ultimate connection ) ! anodes1 9 ord] to secure a good electrical contact ) all p>ts ( ! mold4 ,:5 cov]+ sev]al pieces at once1 x is z well to connect ea* ( !m ) ! negative pole by an iron or lead wire ( suitable dim5sions4 ,hav+ prep>$ ! molds 9 ! usual way--by obta9+ an impression 9 ! mat]ial :5 s(t1 & all[+ x to set--!y %\ld be giv5 a metallic coat+ on _! active surfaces ( pure p[d]$ plumbago appli$ ) a poli%+ bru%4 ,= delicate & intricate objects1 ! wet process is mo/ suitable4 ,x consi/s 9 pa9t+ ! object ) two or m coats ( nitrate ( silv] & ultimately r$uc+ x by a solution ( phosphorus 9 bisulphide ( c>bon4 ,! plat+ ba?s are prep>$ z foll[s3 ,a quantity ( wat] is put 9 a j> & to x is add$ f #h to #aj p>ts 9 #ajj ( sulphuric acid1 9 small quantities1 /irr+ cont9ually 9 ord] to dissipate ! heat g5]at$ by ! admixture ( acid & wat]4 ,sulphate ( copp] 7blue/one7 is !n dissolv$ 9 ! acidulat$ wat] at ! normal temp]ature until x w take up no m4 ,! solution is always us$ cold & mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 a saturat$ condition by ! addition ( copp] sulphate cry/als or suitable anodes4 ,= use x %\ld be p\r$ into vessels ( clay1 porcela91 glass1 h>d br[n e>!nw>e1 or india rubb]4 ,= l>ge ba?s wood may be us$1 l9$ on ! int]ior ) an imp]vi\s coat+ ( acid-pro( cem5t1 india rubb]1 m>9e glue1 or ev5 v>ni%$ lead %eets4 ,if ! solution be too weak & ! curr5t on ! o!r h& be too /rong1 ! result+ deposit w be ( a black color4 ,if too conc5trat$ a solution & too weak a curr5t be employ$1 a cry/all9e deposit is obta9$4 ,to insure a p]fect result1 a happy m$ium 9 all ?+s is necess>y4 ,dur+ ! process ( deposition1 ! pieces %\ld be mov$ ab\t 9 ! ba? z mu* z possible 9 ord] to pres]ve ! homog5eity ( ! liquid4 ,if ?is be n att5d$ to1 /ratification & circulation ( ! liquid is produc$ by ! decomposition ( ! anode1 & is r5d]$ visible by ! appe>ance ( long1 v]tical l9es on ! ca?ode4 ,= amateurs & o!rs p]=m+ small & occasional exp]im5ts1 ! foll[+ simple app>atus w be s]viceable4 ,place ! solution ( sulphate ( copp] 9 an e>!nw>e or porcela9 j>1 9 ! c5t] ( :i* is a por\s pot conta9+ amalgamat$ z9c & a solution ( sulphuric acid & wat]1 ab\t #b or #c p>ts 9 #ajj4 ,at ! top ( ! z9c a brass rod is fix$1 support+ a circle ( ! same metal1 ! diamet] ( :i* is betwe5 t ( ! conta9+ vessel & ! por\s pot4 ,f ?is metallic circle ! pieces are susp5d$ 9 su* a mann] t ! p>ts to be cov]$ are turn$ t[>d ! por\s pot4 ,two small horsehair bags fill$ ) copp] sulphate cry/als are susp5d$ 9 ! solution to ma9ta9 its saturation4 ,,elm ,,tea4 ,p[d]$ slipp]y elm b>k #b teaspoonfuls 7or ! equival5t 9 :ole b>7 ,boil+ wat] #a cup ,sug>1 en\gh4 ,lemon juice1 en\gh4 ,p\r ! wat] ^u ! b>k4 ,:5 cool1 /ra9 & flavor ) lemon juice & add sug>4 ,?is is soo?+ 9 case ( inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane4 ,,embalm+ ,,fluids4 ,success 9 ! use ( any embalm+ fluid dep5ds l>gely on manipulation1 an important "p ( ! process be+ ! ?or\gh removal ( fluid f ! circulatory sy/em be=e und]tak+ ! injection ( ! embalm+ liquid4 ,i4--,solution z9c *loride 7,u4 ,s4 ,p47 #a gallon ,solution sodium *loride #f ounces to p9t #f p9ts ,solution m]cury bi*loride1 #a ounce to p9t #d p9ts ,alcohol #d p9ts ,c>bolic acid 7pure7 #h ounces ,glyc]9e #bd fluid\nces #bhi ,mix ! glyc]9e & c>bolic acid1 !n all ! o!r +r$i5ts1 :5 a cle> solution ( #c gallons results1 :i* is ! prop] am\nt = a body weigh+ #aej p\nds4 ,,ii4--,ars5i\s acid #ajj p>ts ,sodium hydrate #ej p>ts ,c>bolic acid & wat]1 ( ea* a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! ars5i\s acid & ! soda 9 #adj p>ts ( wat] by ! aid ( heat4 ,:5 ! solution is cold1 drop c>bolic acid into x until x becomes opalesc5t1 & f9ally add wat] until ! f9i%$ product measures #gjj p>ts4 ,,iii4--,salicylic acid #d dra*ms ,boric acid #e dra*ms ,potassium c>bonate #a dra*m ,oil ( c9namon #c dra*ms ,oil ( cloves #c dra*ms ,glyc]9e #e ounces ,alcohol #ab ounces ,hot wat] #ab ounces ,dissolve ! fir/ #c +r$i5ts 9 ! wat] & glyc]9e1 ! oils 9 ! alcohol1 & mix ! solutions4 ,,iv4--,?ymol #ae gra9s ,alcohol #a_/b ounce ,glyc]9e #aj ounces ,wat] #e ounces ,v4--,cook+ salt #ejj p>ts ,alum #gej p>ts ,ars5i\s acid #cej p>ts ,z9c *loride #abj p>ts ,m]cury *loride #ij p>ts ,=maldehyde solution1 #dj p] c5t #f1jjj p>ts ,wat]1 up to #bd1jjj p>ts ,,vi4--,ars5i\s acid #cfj gra9s ,m]curic *loride #a #a_/d ounces ,alcohol #i ounces ,sol4 ac4 c>bolic1 #e p] c5t #abj ounces ,f #aj to #ab p9ts are inject$ into ! c>otid art]y--at fir/ sl[ly & aft]w>ds at int]vals ( f #ae to #cj m9utes4 ,,em]ald 7,,imitation73 ,see ,gems1 ,artificial4 ,,em]y3 ,em]y ,gr9d]4--,%ellac1 melt$ toge!r ) em]y & fix$ to a %ort metal rod1 =ms ! gr9d] us$ = op5+ ! holes 9 enamel$ wat* dials & simil> "w4 ,! gr9d] is g5]ally rotat$ ) ! ?umb & =ef+]1 & wat] is us$ to lubricate its cutt+ "p1 :i* soon we>s away4 ,! gr9d] is re%ap$ by heat+ ! %ellac & mold+ ! mass :ile x is 9 a pla/ic condition4 ,prep>+ ,em]y = ,lapp+4--,to prep>e em]y = lapp+ screw-gages1 plugs1 etc41 fill a half-p9t bottle ) ma*9e oil & fl\r em]y1 #g p>ts oil to #a "p em]y1 by bulk4 ,mix ?or\ghly & let /& = #bj m9utes to settle4 ,take ! bottle & p\r (f "o-half ! cont5ts )\t di/urb+ ! settl+s4 ,! portion p\r$ (f conta9s only ! f9e/ em]y & w nev] scrat* ! "w4 ,= surface lapp+ put "s fl\r em]y 9 a l95 bag & tie up closely ) a /r+4 ,du/ out ! em]y by /rik+ ! bag aga9/ ! surface plate2 use turp5t9e = r\gh lapp+ & ! dry surface plate = f9i%+4 ,remov+ ,glaze f ,em]y ,:eels4--,if ! :eel is n altoge!r too h>d1 x c sometimes be rem$i$ by r$uc+ ! face ( ! :eel to ab\t #a_/h in*1 or by r$uc+ ! spe$1 or by bo?4 ,em]y :eels %\ld be turn$ (f s t !y w run true be=e us+4 ,a :eel t glazes imm$iately aft] x has be5 turn$ (f1 c sometimes be correct$ by loos5+ ! nut1 & all[+ ! :eel to assume a slightly diff]5t position1 :5 x is aga9 tight5$4 ,em]y ,sub/itute4--,= mak+ artificial em]y1 #a1fcd p>ts ( ! foll[+ sub/ances may be employ$3 ,sev5 hundr$ & fifty-n9e p>ts ( bauxite1 #gjj p>ts ( coke1 & #if p>ts ( a flux1 :i* may be a c>bonate ( lime1 ( pota%1 or ( soda1 pref]ably c>bonate ( lime on acc\nt ( its l[ price4 ,^! mat]ials are arrang$ 9 alt]nate lay]s & fus$ 9 an ov5 hav+ a good draught4 ,!y are said to yield an artificial em]y simil> to ! natural em]y ( ,smyrna & ,naxos1 & at l[ co/4 ,,emulsifi]s3 ,ros9 ,soap z an ,emulsifi]4--,! soap %\ld be made by boil+ g5tly = #b h\rs1 9 an evaporat+ di%1 a mixture ( #a1hjj gra9s ros9 & #cjj cau/ic soda ) #bj fluid\nces wat]4 ,^u cool+1 ! soap sep>ates z a yell[ mass1 :i* is dra9$ f ! liquid1 squeez$1 !n heat$ on a wat] ba? until x is dry & friable4 ,fix$ oils may be emulsifi$ by add+ #a ounce #bij to a solution ( #aj gra9s soap 9 #a ounce wat]4 ,volatile oils require #aj gra9s ros9 soap1 #b #c_/d ounces wat]1 & #b dra*ms oil4 ,creosote requires d\ble ?is am\nt ( soap4 ,?ymol may be r5d]$ miscible ) wat] by dissolv+ #ah gra9s toge!r ) #bj gra9s soap 9 #c fluid\nces alcohol1 !n add+ en\gh wat] to make #f fluid\nces4 ,( c\rse _m o!r sub/ances may be emulsifi$ ) ! same emulsifi]4 ,yolk ( ,egg z an ,emulsifi]4--,! dome/ic o9tm5t ( ,unona1 consi/+ ( a mixture ( oil & yolk ( egg1 is miscible 9 all proportions ) wat]4 ,x is propos$ to utilize ?is fact by sub/itut+ a dilut$ o9tm5t = ! gum emulsions 9 g5]al use1 ! foll[+ be+ giv5 z a g5]al =mula3 ,yolk ( egg #aj p>ts ,balsam ,p]u #a to #b p>ts ,z9c oxide #e to #aj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ajj p>ts ,if desir$1 #cc p>ts ( v9eg> may be sub/itut$ = ! same am\nt ( wat]1 :ile oil ( cade1 oil ( bir*1 lian?ral or /orax may be sub/itut$ = ! balsam ,p]u1 & an equal quantity ( talc1 magnesium c>bonate1 sulphur ( bismu? subc>bonate1 may be introduc$ 9 place ( ! oxide ( z9c4 ,a fur!r v>iation 9 ! "* ( ! liquid may be introduc$ by ! use ( m$icat$ or p]fum$ wat]s in/ead ( ! pla9 di/ill$ wat]4 ,:]e s dilut$1 z 9 ! above =mula1 ! yolk ( egg sep>ates out aft] long /&+1 b ! mixture quickly remulsifies ^u %ak+4 ,t> & balsams c be emulsifi$ by mix+ ) d\ble _! quantity ( yolk ( egg1 !n dilut+ by ! addition ( small quantities ( wat] or milk4 ,emulg54--,?is emulsify+ ag5t has ! foll[+ composition3 ,glut51 #e2 gum acacia1 #e2 gum tragacan?1 #bj2 glyc]9e1 #bj2 wat]1 #ej2 alcohol1 #aj4 ,?is mixture =ms a cle> grayi% jelly4 ,,emulsions ,,( ,,petroleum3 ,see ,petroleum4 ,enamel+ 7,see also ,c]amics1 ,glazes1 ,pa9ts1 ,wat]pro(+1 & ,v>ni%es47 ,,comm]cial ,,enamel+4 ,comm]cial enamel+ includes3 7#a7 ,holl[ w>e enamel+ = dome/ic use2 7#b7 holl[ w>e enamel+ = *emical use2 7#c7 enamel+ locomotive & o!r tubes2 7#d7 enamel+ dra9 & wat] pipes2 7#e7 signbo>d enamel+4 ,!re is "o defect to :i* all enamel w>e is subject1 & t is *ipp+4 ,?is may be caus$ by 7#a7 imp]fect mix+ ( ! enamels2 7#b7 imp]fect fus+2 7#c7 imp]fect pickl+ ( ! iron2 7#d7 r\gh usage4 ,) ord9>y c>e a well-enamel$ article has be5 kn[n to la/ 9 daily use = #aj or #ab ye>s1 :]eas defective enamel+1 say1 on a sign tablet--:i* is exempt f r\gh usage--may n h a life exce$+ a few mon?s4 ,all enamel$ articles1 su* z holl[ w>e & sign tablets1 fir/ receive a coat+ ( a composition *iefly compos$ ( glass call$ 8gray10 & ?is is foll[$ by a deposit ( 8:ite10 any additional color requir$ be+ laid above ! :ite4 ,9 ! mix+ & deposit+ ( ^! mixtures lie ! secrets ( successful enamel+4 ,! 8gray0 has to be fus$ n only on b also into ! metal at a bright r$--almo/ :ite--heat1 & x is obvi\s t its con/itu5ts mu/ be arrang$ & proportion$ to exp& & contract 9 a some:at uni=m mann] ) ! iron itself4 ,! 8:ite0 has to be fus$ on ! surface ( ! gray1 b ! gray be+ mu* h>d] is n affect$ by ! second fir+4 ,if x 7 liquid x w\ld become mix$ ) ! :ite & de/roy its purity4 ,frequ5tly1 ow+ to inf]ior *emicals1 imp]fect mix+ or fus+1 a second coat+ ( :ite is necess>y1 9 ord] to produce a surface ( ! necess>y purity & lu/]4 ,! difficulties ( enamel+ are ?us easily und]/ood4 ,unless ! metals & *emicals are s arrang$ & manipulat$ t _! capacities ( expansion & contraction are approximately ! same1 inf]ior "w w be produc$4 ,oxide ( iron on ! surface ( ! plates1 inf]ior *emicals1 incorrect mix+s1 insuffici5t or ov]heat+ 9 ! process ( fus+1 prev5t t *emical comb9ation :i* is ess5tial to successful enamel+4 ,! coat+s w be laid on & n comb9$1 ) ! result t !re w be inequalities 9 expansion & contraction :i* w cause ! enamel to *ip (f imm$iately if submitt$ to any?+ approa*+ r\gh usage1 & 9 a v %ort "t if submitt$ to *emical or ord9>y atmosph]ic conditions4 ,! manufacture ( sign tablets is ! simple/ =m to :i* ?is important art is adapt$4 ,sign-tablet enamel+ is1 h[ev]1 kept z great a secret z any o!r type4 ,?is bran* ( ! indu/ry #bia is divid$ up z foll[s3 7#a7 ,sett+ ! plates2 7#b7 scal+ & pickl+ ! plates2 7#c7 mix+ ! enamel con/itu5ts2 7#d7 melt+ ! enamel con/itu5ts2 7#e7 gr9d+ ! enamel con/itu5ts2 7#f7 apply+ ! enamel2 7#g7 dry+ ! enamel coat+s2 7#h7 fus+ ! enamel on ! articles2 7#i7 lett]+--includ+ alphabetical & o!r draw+1 spac+1 & arti/ic art 9 arrangem5t2 7#aj7 /5cil cutt+ on pap] & /5cil metal2 7#aa7 bru%+2 7#ab7 refus+4 ,di/9ctive bran*es ( ?is "w h di/9ctive exp]ts1 ! arrangem5t be+ g5]ally z foll[s3 ,nos4 #a & #b may or may n be comb9$2 ,nos4 #c & #e may or may n be comb9$2 ,nos4 #d1 #g1 #h1 & #ab g5]ally comb9$2 ,no4 #f g5]ally ! "w ( girls2 ,nos4 #i & #aj g5]ally comb9$2 ,no4 #aa g5]ally ! "w ( girls & boys4 ,! twelve processes1 !re=e1 require six classes ( tra9$ workpeople1 & incompet5ce or c>elessness at any section c only result 9 imp]fect plates or 8wa/]s40 ,a brief description ( ^! processes w enable ! read] to und]/& ! m detail$ & te*nical description to foll[1 & is1 !re=e1 n out ( place4 ,ord9>y iron %eets w d = ! manufacture ( sign tablets2 b a specially prep>$ *>coal plate c be _h at a slightly increas$ price4 ,! latt] type is ! be/1 = 9 _m cases ! scal+ & pickl+ may1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 be disp5s$ )4 ,to make ?is article1 h[ev]1 z complete z possible1 we %all beg9 f ! l[e/ rung ( ! manufactur+ ladd]--i4 e41 f ! fir/ /eps 9 ! work+ ( suitable iron4 ,i4--,sett+4--,! plates may be receiv$ 9 %eets1 & cut to ! requir$ size at ! enamel+ factory1 or1 :at is m g5]al1 receiv$ 9 sizes accord+ to specification4 ,! =m] are m liable to h buckl$ slightly or become d5t$1 & h to be re/or$ to a smoo? & uni=m surface by hamm]+ on a flat plate4 ,! op]ation seems simple1 b an inexp]i5c$ op]ator may entirely fail to produce ! desir$ result1 &1 if he does succe$1 x is ) ! exp5diture ( a great am\nt ( "t4 ,an exp]t sett] ) comp>atively few & well-direct$ /rokes br+s an imp]fect plate into tru? & 9 read9ess = ! next op]ation4 ,,ii4--,scal+ & ,pickl+4--,! anneal+ ( ! %eets 9 special furnaces loos5s ! scale1 :i* c !n be easily remov$1 aft] :i* imm]sion = "s "t 9 dilut$ sulphuric or muriatic acid ?or\ghly cleans ! plate4 ,fir+ to a r$ heat foll[s1 & !n a g5]\s c\rse ( scrubb+1 & ! la/ traces ( acid are remov$ by dipp+ 9 boil+ soda solution4 ,sc\r+ ) s& & wa%+ 9 clean wat] may foll[1 & ! metal has !n a p]fect & *emically clean surface4 ,,iii4--,mix+ ! ,enamel ,con/itu5ts4--,gr\nd1 f\ndation1 or gray4--,all articles1 :e!r holl[ w>e or plates1 are op]at$ ^u 9 a v simil> mann]4 ,bo? require ! f\ndation coat+ g5]ally call$ 8gray40 ,! gray con/itu5ts v>y consid]ably 9 diff]5t manufactures2 b z reg>ds ! use ( lead1 x is univ]sally conc$$ t :ile x may 9 _m in/ances be us$ ) advantage 9 ! enamel+ ( sign tablets1 etc41 x %\ld "u no circum/ances be introduc$ into ! coat+ ( articles = cul9>y purposes1 or 9 :i* acids are to be us$4 ,! fir/ successful comm]cial composition ( ?is cov]+ 03 ,cullet 7brok5 glass71 c>bonate ( soda1 & boracic acid4 ,?is composition rema9$ con/ant = _m ye>s1 b ultimately gave place to ! foll[+3 ,cullet1 r$ lead1 borax1 nit]4 ,! borax & r$ lead =m ! fluxes1 :ile ! nit] is to 8purify0 ! mass4 ,"s ( ! lat] mix+s consi/ ( ! foll[+3 ,silica p[d]1 cry/alliz$ or calcium borax1 :ite lead1 fus$ toge!r4 ,?is w\ld be call$ a frit1 & ) x %\ld be pulv]iz$ p[d]$ silica1 clay1 magnesia4 ,?is recipe is "o requir+ a v high temp]ature = fus+3 ,silica p[d]1 borax1 fus$ & gr\nd ) silica1 clay1 magnesia4 ,?is requires a slightly l[] temp]ature3 ,frit ( silica p[d]1 borax1 feldsp>1 fus$ toge!r1 & !n gr\nd ) clay1 feldsp>1 & magnesia4 ,! approximate quantities ( ea* con/itu5t w be giv5 lat]1 b x mu/ always be rememb]$ t no h>d-&-fa/ l9e c be laid d[n4 ,*emicals v>y 9 purity1 ! furnaces v>y 9 temp]ature1 ! p\nd+1 gr9d+1 & mix+ are n always done alike1 & ea* ( ^! ex]ts a c]ta9 influ5ce on ! "* ( ! 8melt40 ,^! compositions may be appli$ to ! metal ei!r 9 ! =m ( a p[d] or ( a liquid4 ,"s few ye>s ago ! p[d] coat+ 0 9 g5]al use1 b at ! pres5t "t ! liquid =m is 9 favor1 z x is consid]$ easi] ( application1 capable ( giv+ a coat+ m uni=m 9 ?ickness & less co/ly4 ,9 us+ ! p[d] coat+ ! plate is rubb$ ) a clo? dipp$ 9 a gum #bib solution1 & ! p[d] !n c>efully du/$ ?r\gh a sieve ov] ! surface4 ,9 ?is condition ! plate is submitt$ to ! fus+ process4 ,9 us+ ! liquid mat]ial ! plate surface is dipp$ into or has ! liquid mix+ c>efully p\r$ ov] x1 any surplus be+ dra9$ (f1 & any p>ts :i* are n to be coat$ be+ wip$ clean by a clo?4 ,! coat+ is !n dri$ 9 suitable /oves1 aft] :i* x is ready = fus+ on to ! iron4 ,! gray coat+ %\ld be fairly uni=m & smoo?1 free f holes or bli/]s1 & ?or\ghly cov]+ e "p ( ! iron :i* is to be subject$ to any outside influ5ce4 ,cool+ sl[ly is important4 ,rapid cool+ frequ5tly causes *ipp+ ( ! coat+1 & 9 any case x w greatly r$uce ! t5acity ( ! connection exi/+ betwe5 ! glaze & ! metal4 ,g5]ally ! next surface is a :ite "o1 & x dep5ds ^u ! class ( article1 ! "* ( ! enamels1 & ! effici5cy ( application1 :e!r "o coat or two w be requir$4 ,r\ghly speak+1 ! coat+ is compos$ ( a glass to :i* is add$ oxide ( t91 oxide ( lead1 or "s o!r suitable opaque :ite *emical4 ,! mixture mu/ be s con/itut$ z to fuse at a l[] temp]ature ?an ! f\ndation cov]+4 ,if its temp]ature ( fusion 7 ! same ! result w\ld be t ! gray w\ld melt on ! iron & become incorporat$ ) ! :ite1 ?us loos5+ ! atta*m5t ( ! mass to ! iron & also de/roy+ ! purity ( ! :ite itself4 ,bone a% is sometimes us$1 z x becomes uni=mly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! melt1 & rema9s 9 susp5sion in/ead ( settl+4 ,bone a% & oxide ( lead are1 h[ev]1 9 mu* less dem& ?an oxide ( t94 ,! lead is especially fall+ into disfavor1 = ! foll[+ reasons3 ,fir/ly1 x requires special & labori\s treatm5t2 secondly1 x gives a yell[i%-:ite color2 ?irdly1 x _c resi/ ! action ( acids4 ,! foll[+ is a recipe :i* 0 9 v g5]al use = "s ye>s3 ,glass 7cullet71 p[d]$ fl9t1 lead1 soda 7cry/als71 nit]1 ars5ic4 ,ano!r consi/s ( ! foll[+3 ,borax1 glass1 silica p[d]1 oxide ( t91 nit]1 soda1 magnesia1 clay4 ,^! are fus$ toge!r1 & :5 be+ gr\nd a mixture ( ,nos4 #a1 #c1 #g1 & boracic acid is add$4 ,enamel mix+s conta9+ glass or *9a are n[ g5]ally 9 use1 al?\gh = sev]al ye>s ! exp]i5ce ( manufactur]s us+ glass 0 n satisfactory4 ,improv$ compositions & work+ n[ make ?is con/itu5t a mo/ useful1 &1 9 fact1 an almo/ ess5tial elem5t4 ,! glass %\ld be :ite brok5 glass1 & z uni=m 9 "* z possible1 z color$ glass w\ld imp>t a t+e ( its own color to ! mix+4 ,! foll[+ are two di/9ct glazes :i* d n conta9 glass or porcela93 ,feldsp>1 oxide ( t91 nit]1 soda4 ,?is is free f any poison\s body & requires no additions3 ,silica p[d]1 oxide ( t91 borax1 soda1 nit]1 c>bonate ( ammonia1 or magnesia4 ,alkalies4--,( ! alkalies :i* are necess>y to produce complete fusion ( & comb9ation ) ! qu>tz1 soda is *iefly appli$ 9 enamel manufactures1 z ! fus+ temp]ature is !n l[]4 ,bone ,a%4--,?is mat]ial w n add opacity1 b only semi-transp>5cy to ! enamel1 & is !re=e n mu* us$4 ,boracic ,acid4--,boracic acid is sometimes sub/itut$ = silicic acid1 b g5]ally ab\t #ae p] c5t ( ! =m] to #he p] c5t ( ! latt] is add$4 ,borax z a flux is1 h[ev]1 mu* m easily us$ & is !re=e l>gely employ$ 9 enamel factories4 ,borax4--,calc9$ borax1 t is1 borax f :i* a l>ge proportion ( ! natural moi/ure has be5 elim9at$1 is be/ = enamel purposes4 ,x is a flux t melts at m$ium heat1 & ent]s into ! =mation ( ! vitre\s basis4 ,borax has also ! prop]ty ( ?or\ghly di/ribut+ oxide colors 9 ! enamels4 ,clay4--,only a fairly pure clay c be us$ 9 enamel mix+s1 & ! v>ieties ( clay available are !re=e limit$4 ,! two be/ are pipe--or :ite--clay & *9a clay--kaol94 ,! latt] is pur] ?an ! =m]1 & 9 addition to act+ z a flux1 x is us$ to increase ! viscosity ( mix+s & !re=e ! opacity4 ,x is us$ 9 mu* ! same way z oxide ( t94 ,cryolite4--,gr\nd cryolite is a :ite m9]al1 easily fusible1 & sometimes us$ 9 enamel mix+s4 ,x is closely associat$ ) alum9um4 ,cullet4--,?is is ! g5]al mat]ial us$ z a basis4 ,cle> glass only %\ld be introduc$2 & z ! compositions ( glass v>y greatly1 small exp]im5tal frits %\ld always be made to arrive at ! correct quantity to be add$4 ,feldsp>4--,! introduction ( feldsp> into an enamel frit increases consi/5cy4 ,! common :ite v>iety is #bic g5]ally us$1 & its prelim9>y treatm5t by p\nd+ is simil> to t adopt$ ) qu>tz4 ,fluor-,sp>4--,9 ?is m9]al we h ano!r flux1 :i* fuses at a r$ heat4 ,fluxes4--,^! are = ! purpose ( regulat+ ! temp]ature ( fusion ( a mix+--frit--"s be+ bett] adapt$ = ?is purpose ?an o!rs4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! only consid]ation1 = ! "* ( ! flux dep5ds ^u ! composition or *emical *anges to :i* ! +r$i5ts are to be subject$4 ,! fluxes are borax1 clays1 cullet1 porcela91 feldsp>1 gypsum1 & fluorsp>4 ,glass4--,glass is compos$ ( lime1 silicic acid1 & soda or pota%4 ,! use ( ! glass is to =m ! h>d1 cry/al-l f\ndation4 ,gypsum4--,?is m9]al is sometimes us$ 9 conjunction ) b>yta & fluor-sp>4 ,lead4--,cry/alliz$ c>bonate ( lead1 or 8lead :ite10 is frequ5tly us$ 9 enamels :5 a l[ temp]ature = fusion is requir$4 ,x %\ld nev] be us$ on articles to be submitt$ to *emical action1 or = cul9>y use4 ,m9ium is a specially prep>$ oxide ( lead1 & suitable = enamel+ purposes1 b is exp5sive4 ,lime4--,lime is 9 ! =m ( c>bonate ( calcium :5 us$4 ,magnesium ,c>bonate is us$ only 9 small quantities 9 enamel mix+s4 ,x necessitates a high] temp]ature = fusion1 b does n affect ! color to ! slighte/ ext5t if pure4 ,manganese4--,z a decolorant1 ?is m9]al is v p[]ful1 & !re=e only small quantities mu/ be us$4 ,purity ( ! m9]al is ess5tial--i4 e41 x %\ld conta9 f #ie to #ih p] c5t ( b9oxide ( manganese4 ,nit]4--,at a c]ta9 temp]ature nit] %[s a *emical *ange1 :i*1 :5 affect$ by "s ( ! o!r con/itu5ts1 assi/s 9 ! =mation ( ! vitre\s base4 ,porcela94--,brok5 uncolor$ porcela9 is sometimes us$ 9 enamel manufacture4 ,its composition3 ,qu>tz1 *9a clay1 & feldsp>4 ,x increases viscosity4 ,r$ ,lead4--,?is decolorant is sometimes call$ purifi]4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 int]f]e ) c]ta9 color+ m$ia1 & :5 ?is is ! case its use %\ld at once be discont9u$4 ,silicic ,acid4--,qu>tz1 s&1 rock cry/al1 & fl9t /one are all =ms ( ?is acid 9 cry/alliz$ =m4 ,by itself x is practically infusible1 b x c be incorporat$ ) o!r mat]ials to =m mix+s requir+ v>y+ temp]atures = fusion4 ,soda4--,! soda 9 g5]al use is c>bonate ( soda--#eh p] c5t--or enamel+ soda4 ,! latt] is specially prep>$1 s z to free x almo/ entirely f iron1 & admit ( ! production ( a pure :ite enamel :5 su* is requir$4 ,t9 ,oxide4--,all enamels mu/ conta9 :ite +r$i5ts to produce opacity1 & ! mo/ g5]ally us$ is oxide ( t94 ,by itself x _c be fus$1 b ) prop] manipulation x becomes diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! enamel mass4 ,on ! quantity add$ dep5ds ! d5s5ess or degree ( opacity imp>t$ to ! enamel4 ,x w be und]/ood t ! enamel con/itu5ts are divid$ into f\r di/9ct gr\ps3 ,i4 ,fundam5tal m$ia4 ,,ii4 ,flux m$ia4 ,,iii4 ,decolorant m$ia4 ,,iv4 ,color+ m$ia4 ,we h briefly consid]$ ! ?ree fir/ nam$1 & we w n[ proce$ to ,no4 ,,iv4 ,! color+ mat]ial us$ is 9 e case a metallic oxide1 s t1 s f> z ?is goes1 ! color+ ( an enamel frit is easy en\gh4 ,great c>e is1 h[ev]1 necess>y1 & at times _m difficulties pres5t !mselves1 :i* c only be ov]come by exp]i5ce4 ,color+ oxides are v frequ5tly adult]at$1 & c]ta9 k9ds ( ! adult]ants are injuri\s to ! frit & to ! f9i% ( ! color4 ,comp>ison ( ,holl[ ,w>e & ,sign-,tablet ,enamel+4--,! enamel+ = sign tablets is mu* ! same z = holl[ w>e2 ! mix+s are practically alike1 b1 z a g5]al rule1 ! mix+ is appli$ 9 a mu* m liquid =m on ! latt]4 ,x is easy to und]/& t holl[ w>e 9 ev]yday use receives r\gh] usage ?an tablets4 ,by h&l+1 x is submitt$ to compression1 expansion1 & m or less viol5ce due to falls1 knocks1 etc41 & unless1 !re=e1 ! enamel coat+ foll[s ! *anges ( ! metal due to ^! causes1 ! connection betwe5 ! two w become loos5$ & *ipp+ w take place4 ,! enamel1 !re=e1 ?\gh mu* alike = bo? purposes1 %\ld be s prep>$ = holl[ w>e t x w be capable ( )/&+ ! *anges to :i* we h ref]r$4 ,9 all cases x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! ?9n] ! coat ( ! enamel ! bett] x w be #bid di/ribut$ ov] ! iron1 & ! great] w be its adh]5ce to ! iron4 ,any article heavily enamel$ is always liable to *ip1 especially if submitt$ to ! slighte/ b5d+ action1 & !re=e any excess ( mat]ial add$ to a plate means t x w always be readily liable to sep>ate f ! plate4 ,9 holl[-w>e enamel+ ! prep>ation ( ea* frit g5]ally receives some:at m att5tion ?an = plate enamel+4 ,! gr9d+ is m effectively c>ri$ out1 9 ord] to remove almo/ e possibility ( r\ghness on any "p ( ! surface1 especially ! inside surface4 ,! iron us$ 9 tablet & holl[-w>e manufacture is roll$ %eet iron4 ,x is suppli$ 9 a v>iety ( qualities4 ,*>coal iron is pur] ?an ord9>y plate iron1 m ductile1 & !re=e capable ( be+ driv5 out to v>i\s =ms & dep?s by /amp+ presses4 ,! surface ( ! *>coal iron is n s liable to become oxidiz$1 & !re=e c be m readily made *emically clean = ! reception ( ! enamels4 ,"s manufactur]s use *>coal plates = tablet "w1 b ^! are exp5sive2 ! ord9>y plates1 c>efully pickl$ & clean$1 adapt !mselves to ! "w satisfactorily4 ,! %eet irons g5]ally us$ = ! enamel+ purposes ref]r$ to v>y 9 gauge4 ,! f9] ! iron ! great] mu/ be ! c>e us$ 9 coat+ x ) enamel4 ,?9 iron w rapidly become hot or cool1 ! temp]atures *ang+ mu* m quickly ?an t ( ! mix+4 ,unless c>e1 !re=e1 is us$1 ! result ( fus+ w be t ! enamel mass w n h become ?or\ghly liquid1 & its adh]5ce to ! iron w be imp]fect4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! temp]ature is gradually rais$ to ! maximum1 & sympa!tic comb9ation takes place1 ! dang]s ( rapid cool+ are avoid$4 ,aga91 ! iron1 9 los+ its temp]ature m rapidly ?an ! enamel1 w contract1 ?us loos5+ its contact ) ! glaze1 & ! latt] w ei!r !n1 or aft] a %ort p]iod ( usage1 *ip (f4 ,we !n arrive at ! foll[+ h>d-&-fa/ rules3 7#a7 ,9 all classes ( enamel+1 b p>ticul>ly :]e ?9 iron %eets are us$1 ! temp]ature ( ! plate & its cov]+ mu/ be rais$ v gradually & v uni=mly4 7#b7 ,9 all cases a plate :i* has _h a glaze fus$ on its surface mu/ be cool$ v gradually & v uni=mly4 ,! importance ( ^! rules _c be ov]-e/imat$1 & w1 !re=e1 be ref]r$ to 9 a m practical way lat]4 ,9 enamel+ factories no causes are m prolific 9 ! production ( wa/e ?an ^!1 & 9 _m cases ! defects produc$ are errone\sly attribut$ to some?+ else4 ,ca/ iron is mu* easi] to enamel ?an wr\ght iron4 ,?is is due to ! granul> "* ( its composition4 ,x reta9s ! enamels 9 its small microscopic recesses1 & great] uni=mity c be arriv$ at ) great] ease4 ,ca/-iron enamel$ sign tablets & holl[ w>e 7 at "o "t made1 b _! great weight made x impossible = !m ev] to come into g5]al use4 ,wr\ght-iron plates1 if exam9$ microscopically1 w %[ t !y are ( a fibr\s /ructure1 ! fib]s runn+ 9 ! direction 9 :i* !y h be5 roll$4 ,! enamels1 !re=e1 w be m liable to fl[ longitud9ally ?an transv]sely1 & ?is t5d5cy w be m acc5tuat$ at "s places ?an at o!rs4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is prev5t$ by giv+ ! iron %eets :at might be describ$ z a ca/-iron f9i%4 ,! %eets to be enamel$ %\ld be ?or\ghly sc\r$ 9 all directions by qu>tz or fl9t s&1 no "p ( ! surface be+ neglect$4 ,?is ?or\gh scrubb+ w r\gh5 ! surface suffici5tly to make x uni=mly ret5tive ( enamel mixture1 & 9 no cases %\ld x be omitt$ or c>elessly c>ri$ out4 ,copp] ,enamel+4--,on a clean copp] surface ! enamel+ process is easy4 ,! f\ndation glaze is n ess5tial1 & :5 requir$ ! mo/ beautiful results ( bl5d$ colors c be obta9$ by v little additional exp]i5ce to ord9>y enamel+4 ,:5 ! vase or o!r article has be5 hamm]$ out to ! requir$ %ape 9 copp]1 x is pass$ on to ano!r class ( artisans1 :o prep>e x = ! h&s ( ! enamel]4 ,! design or designs are sket*$ c>efully4 ,! work+ appliances consi/ only ( a po9t$ tool1 two or ?ree small pun*es ( v>y+ sizes1 & a hamm]4 ,) ?is small equipm5t ! op]ator sets to "w4 ,! spaces betwe5 ea* divid+ l9e are gradually l[]$ by hamm]+1 & :5 ?is has be5 uni=mly complet$1 ea* little recess is ready to receive its allotm5t ( enamel4 ,m accurate "w ev5 ?an ?is c be obta9$ by ! introduction ( flat wire4 ,?is wire is sold]$ or fix$ on ! vase1 & =ms ! outl9e = ! entire design4 ,x may be ( brass1 copp]1 or gold1 b is fix$ & built r\nd e item ( ! :ole design ) ! mo/ #bie labori\s c>e4 ,x /&s above ! surface ( ! design on ! copp] articles1 b ! little recesses =m$ by x are !n gradually fill$ up by enamel 9 successive fus+s4 ,! :ole surface ( ! article is n[ gr\nd p]fectly smoo? & poli%$ until its lu/] is rais$ to ! highe/ po9t possible1 & :5 ?is /age has be5 rea*$ ! article is ready = ! m>ket4 ,f ! ,%eet to ! ,sign ,tablet4--,! plates are g5]ally 9 l5g?s ( #f feet by #b feet1 #f feet by #c feet1 etc41 ! gauge g5]ally be+ f #ad to #bb1 accord+ to ! size & class ( plates to be enamel$4 ,^! mu/ be cut1 b "s enamel]s pref] to ord] _! plates 9 specifi$ sizes1 :i* does away ) ! necessity ( cutt+ at ! enamel+ factory4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to make ?is article complete1 we w assume t a /ock ( l>ge plates is kept on h&1 ! sizes be+ #f feet by #c feet & #f feet by #b feet4 ,an ord] = sign tablets is giv52 p>ticul>s1 say z foll[s3 ,l5g?1 #b feet by #ab in*es1 :ite lett]s on blue gr\nd2 lett]+1 ,! ,eng9e]1 #cc ,norfolk ,/reet2 block lett]s1 no bord] l9e1 #b holes4 ,= ord9>y purposes ^! p>ticul>s w\ld be suffici5t = ! enamel]4 ,/age ,i4--,cutt+ ! plate is ! fir/ op]ation4 ,! plates #f feet by #b feet w\ld fir/ be cut d[n ! c5t] 9 a circul> cutt+ ma*9e1 ?us =m+ two /rips1 #f feet by #ab in*es4 ,ea* /rip w\ld !n be cut into ?ree l5g?s ( #b feet ea*4 ,if a guillot9e _h to be us$ in/ead ( a circul> cutt]1 ! plate w\ld be fir/ cut transv]sely at di/ances ( #b feet1 ?us =m+ ?ree squ>e pieces ( #b feet by #b feet4 ,^! w\ld !n be subdivid$ longitud9ally into two l5g?s ea*1 ! pieces be+ !n #b feet by #ab in*es4 ,ea* %eet w\ld ?us be cut into six plates4 ,/age ,,ii4--,! cut plates %\ld next h any r\ghness remov$ f ! edges1 !n pun*$ ) two holes--"o at ea* end1 foll[$ by level+ or sett+4 ,?is is done by hamm]+ c>efully on a true flat surface4 ,/age ,,iii4--,! plates %\ld !n be tak5 & dipp$ into a hydro*loric acid ba? made up ( equal quantities ( ! acid & wat]4 ,! plates are !n rais$ to a r$ heat 9 ! /oves1 & on removal x w be f\nd t ! scale--iron oxide--has become loos5$1 & w readily fall (f1 leav+ a clean metallic surface4 ,a second c\rse ( clean+ !n foll[s 9 dilut$ sulphuric acid--#a "p acid to #bj p>ts wat]4 ,9 ?is ba? ! iron may be kept = ab\t #ab h\rs4 ,9 "s cases a mu* /rong] ba? is us$1 & ! plates are left 9 only a v %ort "t4 ,! ba? is con/ruct$ ( h>d wood coat$ inside ) suitable v>ni%4 ,9 mix+ ! sulphuric acid ba? x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! acid %\ld be sl[ly p\r$ into ! wat] "u cont9u\s /irr+4 ,foll[+ ! ba?1 ! metal is r9s$ 9 wat]1 aft] :i* x is ?or\ghly sc\r$ ) f9e fl9ty s&4 ,r9s+ aga9 foll[s1 b 9 boil+ wat]1 & !n ! metal is all[$ to dry4 ,! enamel+ process %\ld imm$iately foll[ ! dry+1 = if kept = any l5g? ( "t ! surface ( ! metal aga9 becomes oxidiz$4 ,9 holl[-w>e enamel+ ! hydro*loric acid ba? may be omitt$4 ,/age ,,iv4--,! plates are n[ ready = ! reception ( ! f\ndation or gray coat+4 ,if p[d] is us$ ! plate is wip$ ov] ) a gum solution1 & !n ! p[d] is c>efully & uni=mly du/$ ?r\gh a f9e sieve ov] ! surface4 ,! plate is !n rev]s$ & ! op]ation repeat$ on ! o!r side4 ,if a liquid 8gray0 is to be us$ x %\ld h a consi/5cy ( cream1 & be p\r$ or bru%$ ) equal c>e ov] ! two surfaces 9 succession1 aft] ! plate has be5 heat$ to be only j be>able to ! t\*4 ,! plates are !n put on re/s1 or petits1 9 a dry+ /ove heat$ to ab\t #afj ,f41 & :5 ?or\ghly dry !y are ready = ! fus+ op]ation4 ,! petits1 ) ! plates1 are plac$ on a long =k fix$ on a wagon1 :i* c be mov$ backw>d & =w>d on rails2 ! door ( ! fus+ ov5 is !n rais$ & ! wagon mov$ =w>d4 ,! =k ent]s ! ov5 j above fire clay brick supports arrang$ to receive ! petits4 ,! =k is !n )drawn & ! door clos$4 ,! /ove has a *]ry-r$1 almo/ :ite1 heat & 9 a few m9utes ! enamel coat+ has be5 uni=mly melt$1 & ! plates are ready to be remov$ on ! petits & =k 9 ! same mann] z !y 7 ins]t$4 ,rapid cool+ mu/ n[ be c>efully avoid$1 o!rwise ! enamel & ! iron w be liable to sep>ate1 & *ipp+ w result4 ,! temp]ature ( fusion %\ld be ab\t #b1aib ,f4 ,:5 all ! plates h be5 ?us prep>$ !y are c>efully exam9$ & defective ones laid aside1 ! o!rs be+ n[ ready = ! next op]ation4 #bif ,melt+ a piece ( copp] w approximately repres5t ?is temp]ature4 ,/age ,v4--,! coat+ ( ! plate ) :ite is ! next /age4 ,! temp]ature ( fusion ( ! :ite glaze is l[] ?an t ( ! gray1 s t ! plate w rema9 a %ort] "t 9 ! /ove1 or be submitt$ to a some:at l[] temp]ature4 ,! latt] sy/em is to be /rongly recomm5d$ 9 ord] to prev5t any possibility ( fusion ( ! gr\nd mass4 ,! :ite %\ld be made z liquid z possible consi/5t ) good results4 ,! advantages ( ?9 coat+s h already be5 expla9$1 b if ! mix+ is too ?9 ! gr\nd coat+ w n only be irregul>ly cov]$4 b1 9 fusion1 bubbles w be produc$1 ow+ to ! /eam escap+1 & ^! are fatal to ! sale ( any k9d ( enamel$ w>e4 ,:5 ! plate has be5 ?or\ghly dri$ & fusion has tak5 place1 sl[ & /eady cool+ is absolutely ess5tial4 ,special muffles are frequ5tly built = ?is purpose1 & _! use is ! means ( prev5t+ a l>ge numb] ( wa/]s4 ,be=e putt+ on ! glaze1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to remove ! gray f any "p :i* is n to be coat$4 ,! temp]ature ( fusion %\ld be ab\t #a1hij ,f41 & ! "t tak5 is ab\t #e m9utes4 ,melt+ a piece ( brass w repres5t ?is temp]ature4 ,/age ,,vi4--,! /5cil mu/ be cut ) p]fect exactitude4 ,! lett]s %\ld be z cle> z possible1 proportion$1 & spac$ to obta9 ! be/ effects z reg>ds boldness & appe>ance4 ,/5cils may be cut ei!r f pap] or f specially prep>$ s(t metal1 call$ /5cil metal4 ,! =m] are satisfactory en\gh :5 only a few plates are requir$ f "o /5cil1 b :5 l>ge quantities are requir$1 say1 #fj upw>d1 metal /5cils %\ld be us$4 ,! pap] %\ld be ?ick1 t\gh1 & /rong1 & is prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,%ellac is dissolv$ 9 me?ylat$ spirits to ! ord9>y liquid gum =m1 & ?is is spread ov] bo? sides ( ! pap] ) a bru%4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dry a second protective coat+ is add$1 & ! pap] is !n ready = /5cil "w4 ,! /5cil cutt]'s outfit consi/s ( suitable knives1 /eel rule1 scales ( v>i\s fractions to an in*1 a l>ge %eet ( glass on :i* ! cutt+ is done1 & alphabets & num]als ( v>i\s *>act]s & types4 ,= ord9>y lett]+ "o /5cil is en\gh1 b = m intricate designs #b1 #c1 & ev5 #d /5cils may be requir$4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! plates ref]r$ to 9 ! p>agraph prec$+ ,/age ,i1 only #a /5cil w\ld be necess>y4 ,! pap] be=e prep>ation w\ld be measur$ out to ! exact size ( ! plate1 & ! lett]s w\ld be drawn 94 ,! cutt+ w\ld !n be done1 & ! result %[n at ,fig4 #a w\ld be obta9$1 ! black p>ts be+ cut out4 ,! l9es or corn]s ( ea* lett] or figure %\ld be p]fectly cle> & clean1 = any flaw 9 ! /5cil w be reproduc$ on ! plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,/age ,,vii4--,! next /age is ! application ( ! blue enamel4 ,! op]ation is almo/ id5tical ) t ( ! :ite1 b :5 ! coat+ has be5 appli$ & dri$1 ! lett]+ mu/ be bru%$ out be=e x is fus$4 ,! coat+ is g5]ally appli$ by a badg] bru% aft] a little gum wat] has be5 add$2 ! effect ( ?is is to make ! blue m compact4 ,/age ,,viii4--,! next op]ation is bru%+2 ! /5cil is c>efully plac$ ov] ! plate1 & held 9 position1 & ) a small h& bru% ) h>d bri/les ! /5cil is bru%$ ov]4 ,?is bru%+ removes all ! blue coat+1 :i* %[s ! lett]+ & leaves ! re/ ( ! :ite intact4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 ! /5cil is remov$ & ! connect+ ribs ( ! lett]+--"s ( :i* are m>k$ ,x 9 ,fig4 #b--;are !n remov$ by h&1 ! in/rum5t g5]ally be+ a po9t$ /ick ( box or o!r simil> wood4 ,/age ,,ix4--,fus+ foll[s z 9 ! case ( ! :ite glaze1 & ! plate is complete4 ,"o coat ( blue %\ld be suffici5t1 b if any defects are app>5t a second lay] is necess>y4 ,! :ite & blue glazes are appli$ only on ! front side ( ! plate1 ! back side be+ left coat$ ) gray only4 ,f ! ,%eet to ! ,holl[ ,w>e4--,9 holl[-w>e enamel+1 ! iron is receiv$ 9 squ>es1 circles1 or oblongs1 ( ! size requir$ = ! w>e to be turn$ out4 ,x is s(t & ductile1 & by means ( suitable pun*es & dies x is driv5 9 a /amp+ press to ! necess>y %ape4 ,= %all[ articles only "o op]ation is necess>y1 b = deep] articles f #b to #f op]ations may be #big requir$1 anneal+ 9 a specially con/ruct$ furnace tak+ place betwe5 ea*4 ,foll[+ ! 8draw+0 op]ations comes t ( trimm+2 ?is may be done 9 a press or sp9n+ la!1 ! object be+ to trim ! edges & remove all r\ghness4 ,! articles are n[ ready = enamel+4 ,= explanation1 let u suppose !y are tumbl]s1 to be :ite inside1 & blue outside4 ,! gray is fir/ laid on1 !n ! :ite1 & la/ly ! blue--t is1 aft] ! pickl+ & clean+ op]ations h be5 p]=m$4 ,! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! blue & :ite mu/ be cle>1 o!rwise ! appe>ance ( ! article w n be satisfactory4 ,! process ( enamel+ is exactly ! same z = sign-plate enamel+1 b m c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ord] to obta9 a smoo!r surface4 ,:ile ! liquid enamels are be+ appli$1 circul> articles %\ld be /eadily rotat$ 9 ord] to let ! coat+ fl[ uni=mly & prev5t ?ick & ?9 places4 ,! enamel+ ( 8:ole drawn0 ironw>e pres5ts no difficulty to ! ord9>y enamel]1 b ) articles :i* are seam$ or rivet$1 special c>e & exp]i5ce is necess>y4 ,seam$ or rivet$ p>ts are1 ( c\rse1 ?ick] ?an ! ord9>y plate1 w exp& & contract diff]5tly1 w take long] to heat & long] to cool1 & ! conclusion1 !re=e1 t mu/ be arriv$ at is t ! ?ickness %\ld be r$uc$ z mu* z possible1 & ! jo9ts be made z smoo? z possible4 ,unless special precautions are tak51 cracks w be se5 on articles ( ?is k9d runn+ 9 /raight l9es f ! rivets or seams4 ,to avoid ^!1 ! enamel liquid mu/ be r$uc$ to ! greate/ /age ( liquidity1 ! heat mu/ be rais$ sl[ly1 & 9 cool+ ! articles %\ld pass ?r\gh1 say1 #b or #c muffles1 ea* "o hav+ a l[] temp]ature ?an ! prec$+ "o4 ,x is n[ g5]ally conc$$ t ! sl[] & m uni=m ! cool+ process1 ! great] w be ! durability ( ! enamel4 ,feldsp> is an almo/ absolutely necess>y addition to ! gray 9 successful holl[-w>e enamel+1 & ! compositions ( bo? gray & :ite %\ld be su* z to dem& a high temp]ature = fusion4 ,! ut5sils ) ! gray coat+ %\ld fir/ be rais$ to almo/ a r$ heat 9 a muffle1 & !n plac$ 9 a furnace rais$ to a :ite heat4 ,! :ite %\ld be treat$ simil>ly1 & 9 ?is way ! "t tak5 = complete fusion at ! la/ /age w be ab\t #d m9utes4 ,! outside enamel on ut5sils is less visc\s ?an ! inside enamel1 & %\ld also be appli$ z ?9ly z possible4 ,/oves & ,furnaces4--,fritt+ & ,fus+4--,! be/ results are obta9$ 9 enamel+ :5 ! ?or\ghly gr\nd & mix$ con/itu5ts are fus$ toge!r1 regr\nd1 & !n appli$ to ! metal surface4 ,9 *eap enamels ! gray is sometimes appli$ )\t be+ previ\sly melt$1 b x lacks ! durability :i* is obta9$ by ?or\gh fusion & regr9d+4 ,9 smelt+ enamel "o ( two k9ds ( furnaces may be us$1 viz41 tank or crucible4 ,! =m] is bett] adapt$ to ! melt+ ( consid]able quantities ( ord9>y enamel1 :ile ! latt] is m suitable = small] quantities or = f9] enamels z ! mixture is protect$ f ! direct action ( ! flames by cov]s on ! crucibles4 ,! numb] ( tanks & crucibles 9 connection ) ea* furnace dep5ds ^u ! heat+ capacity ( ! furnace & ^u ! out-turn requir$4 ,!y are s arrang$ t all or any ( !m c be us$ or put out ( use readily by means ( valves & damp]s4 ,g5]ally1 !y are arrang$ 9 gr\ps ( f #f to #ab1 plac$ 9 a /raight or circul> l9e1 b ! object aim$ at is complete combu/ion ( ! fuel1 & ! utilization ( ! heat to ! fulle/ ext5t4 ,"o arrangem5t is to h ! flame pass along ! bottom & sides ( ! tank & !n ov] ! top to ! *imney4 ,! g5]al sy/em 9 use is1 h[ev]1 ! crucible sy/em4 ,! crucibles are made f ! be/ fire clay1 & ! mo/ satisfactory are sold "u ! "n ( 8,hessian crucibles40 ,! *ief objection to ! use ( ! crucibles is t ( co/4 ,!y are exp5sive1 & 9 _m factories ! life ( ! crucible is v %ort1 9 "s cases n ext5d+ beyond "o p]iod ( fusion4 ,:5 ?is1 h[ev]1 is ! rule r ?an ! exception1 ! results are due to c>elessness4 ,sudd5 heat+ or cool+ ( ! crucible w cause x to crack or fall to pieces1 b = ?is !re is no excuse4 ,runn+ ! molt5 mat]ial quickly out ( ! crucible & replac+ x hurri$ly ) a fre% cold mix+ is liable--9 fact1 almo/ c]ta9--to produce fracture1 n only caus+ ! de/ruction ( ! crucible1 b also ! loss ( ! mix+4 ,new crucibles %\ld be ?or\ghly dri$ 9 a g5tle heat = "s days & !n gradually rais$ to ! requisite temp]ature :i* !y #bih mu/ su/a9 = ! purposes ( fusion4 ,sometimes unglaz$ porcela9 crucibles specially prep>$ ) a l>ge proportion ( *9a clay are us$4 ,^! are1 h[ev]1 exp5sive & require special att5tion dur+ ! fir/ melt4 ,! life ( all crucibles c be l5g!n$ by3 7#a7 ,gradually heat+ !m be=e putt+ !m into ! fire2 7#b7 nev] replac+ a frit ) a cold mass = ! succe$+ "o2 x %\ld fir/ be heat$ 9 a /ove & !n introduc$ into ! crucible2 7#c7 c>efully protect+ ! hot crucibles f cold draughts or rapid cool+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c ,melt+ & ,melt+ ,furnaces4--,! arrangem5t ( ! melt+ furnace mu/ be su* z to protect ! :ole ( ! crucible f *ills4 ,! usual pit furnaces1 ) slight modifications1 are suitable = ?is purpose4 ,! crucible %[n at b 9 ,fig4 #c is ( ! type already describ$2 at ! top x is fitt$ ) a lid1 a1 h+$ at ! middle1 & at ! bottom x is pi]c$ by a #b-;in* conical hole4 ,! hole1 :ile melt+ is go+ on1 is plugg$ up ) a specially prep>$ /opp]4 ,! crucible /&s on a tubul> firepro( support1 c1 :i* all[s ! molt5 mass to be easily run (f into a tub ( wat]1 :i* is plac$ 9 ! *amb]1 d4 ,! fuel is ?r[n 9 f ! top1 & ! supply mu/ be kept uni=m4 ,f #d to #f ( ^! furnaces are connect$ ) ! same *imney2 b be=e pass+ to ! *imney ! hot gases are 9 "s cases us$ = heat+ purposes 9 connection ) ! dry+ /ove4 ,! plug us$ may be ei!r a p]man5t iron "o coat$ ) a v h>d enamel or made f a composition ( qu>tz p[d] & wat]4 ,an uncov]$ iron plug w\ld be unsuitable ow+ to ! action ( ! iron on ! +r$i5ts ( ! mix+4 ,two in*es = gray1 "o in* = glaze2 ! hole %\ld he wid] at ! top4 ,9 "s cases only a v small hole is made 9 ! crucible & no /opp] us$1 ! fusion ( ! mix+ automatically clos+ up ! hole4 ,9 "s o!r factories no hole is made 9 ! crucible1 & :5 fusion is complete ! crucible is remov$ & ! mix+ p\r$ out4 ,! two latt] sy/ems are bad2 9 ! fir/ !re is always "s wa/e ( mat]ial ?r\gh leakage1 & 9 ! latt] ! op]ation ( remov+ ! crucible is clumsy & difficult1 :ile ! exposure to ! cold] atmosph]e frequ5tly causes rupture4 ,! plug us$ %\ld be connect$ ) a rod1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c1 :i* passes ?r\gh a slot 9 "o-half ( ! h+$ lid1 a4 ,:5 fusion is complete ?is half is turn$ ov]1 & ! plug pull$ up1 ?us all[+ ! molt5 mass to fall ?r\gh into ! vat ( wat] plac$ und]nea?4 ,! mix+ 9 ! crucibles1 z x becomes molt51 settles d[n1 & m mat]ial c !n be add$ until ! crucible is ne>ly full4 ,if ! mix+ is correctly compos$1 & has be5 ?or\ghly fus$1 x %\ld fl[ freely f ! crucible :5 ! plug is )drawn4 ,fus+ g5]ally requires only to be done once1 b = f9e enamels ! op]ation may be repeat$4 ,! runn+ (f into ! wat] is necess>y 9 ord] to make ! mass brittle & easy to gr9d4 ,if ?is 0 n done x w\ld aga9 =m into h>d fl9ty lumps & require mu* "t & labor to r$uce to a p[d]4 ,a c>eful record %\ld be kept ( ! loss 9 weight ( ! dri$ mat]ial at ea* op]ation4 ,! weigh+s %\ld be made at ! foll[+ po9ts3 7#a7 ,be=e & aft] melt+2 7#b7 aft] cru%+4 ,! "t requir$ = melt+ v>ies greatly1 b f #f to #i h\rs may be consid]$ z ! extreme limits4 ,gas is mu* us$ = rais+ ! necess>y heat = melt+4 ,! g5]ator may be #bii plac$ 9 any conv5i5t position1 b a v good sy/em is to h x 9 ! c5t] ( a batt]y ( muffles1 any or all ( :i* c be br\ght into use4 ,:5 qu>tz /opp]s are us$ !re is consid]able tr\ble 9 _! prep>ation1 & z ea* new bat* ( mat]ial requires a fre% /opp]1 wr\ght-iron /opp]s h be5 introduc$ 9 _m factories4 ,^! are coat$ ) an enamel requir+ a mu* high] temp]ature ( fusion ?an ! fundam5tal sub/ance1 & ?is coat+ prev5ts ! iron hav+ any injuri\s action on ! frit4 ,fus+4--,= fus+ ! enamel muffle furnaces are us$2 ^! furnaces are simple 9 con/ruction1 be+ design$ specially =3 7#a7 ,m9imum consumption ( fuel2 7#b7 maximum heat 9 ! muffle2 7#c7 protection ( ! inside ( ! muffle f du/1 draughts1 etc4 ,! muffle furnaces may be ( any size1 b 9 ord] to economize fuel1 x is obvi\s t !y %\ld be no l>g] ?an is necess>y = ! class & quantity ( "w be+ turn$ out4 ,= sign-plate enamel+ ! int]ior ( ! muffle may be z mu* z #aj feet by #e feet wide by #c feet 9 height1 b a furnace ( ?is k9d w\ld be absolutely ru9\s = a conc]n :]e only ab\t a doz5 small holl[-w>e articles 7 enamel$ at a "t4 ,! be/ sy/em is to h #b or #c muffle furnaces ( diff]5t dim5sions1 z 9 ?is way all or any "o ( !m c be br\ght into use z ! "* & numb] ( ! articles may require4 ,! temp]ature ?r\gh\t ! muffle is n uni=m1 ! end next to ! furnace be+ hott] ?an t next to ! door4 ,9 plate enamel+ x is !re=e necess>y t ! plates %\ld be turn$ s t uni=m fusion ( ! enamel may take place4 ,9 ! work+ ( holl[ w>e ! articles %\ld be fir/ plac$ at ! front ( ! muffle & !n mov$ t[>d ! back4 ,! front ( ! furnace is clos$ 9 by a v]tically slid+ door or lid1 & 9 ?is an ap]ture is cut1 ?r\gh :i* ! process ( fusion c be inspect$4 ,all op5+s to ! muffle %\ld be us$ z little z possible2 o!rwise cold air is admitt$1 & ! inside temp]ature rapidly l[]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d ,fig4 #d %[s a simple arrangem5t ( a muffle furnace2 a is ! furnace itself1 ) an op5+1 e1 ?r\gh :i* ! fuel is f$2 b is ! muffle2 c %[s ! fireb>s1 & d ! c9d] box2 f is a re/ or plate on :i* is plac$ ! articles to be enamel$4 ,! plate or petits on :i* ! articles re/ :ile be+ put into ! muffle %\ld be almo/ r$ hot1 z ! :ole heat ( ! muffle 9 ?is way beg9s to act imm$iately on ! enamel coat+4 ,! articles inside ! muffles c be mov$ ab\t :5 necess>y1 ei!r by a hook or a pair ( tongs1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 t e "p ( ! vessel or plate is submitt$ to ! same am\nt ( heat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e ,9 ,figs4 #e1 #f1 & #g are giv5 draw+s ( an arrangem5t ( furnaces1 etc41 connect$ ) an enamel+ factory at #cjj pres5t work+4 ,! /oves %[n 9 ,fig4 #e are dry+ /oves fir$ f ! end by *>coal1 & hav+ a temp]ature ( ab\t #afj ,f4 ,fig4 #f %[s ! arrangem5t ( ! flues = ! passage ( ! gases r\nd ! fus+ ov54 ,! section ?r\gh ! l9e ,a ,b1 ,fig4 #e1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #g1 & ! section ?r\gh ! frit kilns1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h1 are suffici5tly explanatory4 ,! frit kilns & ! fus+ ov5 flues bo? lead to ! brick *imney1 b ! /oves are connect$ to a wr\ght-iron *imney %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,ano!r arrangem5t w\ld h be5 to s arrange ! /oves t ! gases f ! frit kilns c\ld h be5 utiliz$ = heat+ purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,?r\gh ,,fus+ ,,ov5 ,fig4 #f ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,on ,a4 ,b4 ,fig4 #g ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,?r\gh ,,frit ,,kilns ,fig4 #h ,fuel4--,! consumption ( fuel 9 an enamel+ factory is ! mo/ s]i\s item ( ! exp5diture4 ,ill-con/ruct$ or badly proportion$ /oves may repres5t any loss ( coal f a qu>t] to "o ton p] day1 & z great & uni=m temp]atures mu/ be ma9ta9$1 fuel ( l[ quality & price is n desirable4 ,9 ! melt+ /oves ei!r arrang$ z tank or crucible furnaces1 ! "* ( ! coal mu/ n be neglect$1 z light du/1 iron oxide1 or injuri\s gases w ent] into ! crucibles ?r\gh any op5+1 especially if ! draught is n v great4 ,almo/ any ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( fuel may be us$1 provid$ t ! sy/em ( combu/ion is specially arrang$ = 9 ! con/ruction ( ! furnaces4 ,*>coal is "o ( ! be/ fuels available1 its calorific value be+ s great2 b its co/ is 9 "s places almo/ prohibitive4 ,wood burns too quickly1 & is !re=e exp5sive1 & necessitates incessant fir+4 ,= practical purposes we are ?us (t5 left to a selection ( "s type ( coal4 ,a coal ) comp>atively little heat+ p[] at a *eap price w be f\nd m exp5sive 9 ! end ?an "o co/+ m1 b capable ( m rapid combu/ion & possess+ m heat yield+ gases4 ,*eap & h>d coals give ! fireman an am\nt ( labor :i* is excessive4 ,! prop] ma9t5ance ( ! temp]ature ( ! /ove is almo/ impossible4 ,an?racite is excell5t 9 e way1 z x consi/s ( ne>ly pure c>bon1 giv+ (f a high degree ( heat )\t smoke4 ,its use1 ( c\rse1 necessitates ! use ( a bl[]1 b to ?is !re c be no objection4 ,any coal :i* w burn freely & clean1 giv+ (f no excessive smoke1 & capable ( almo/ complete combu/ion1 w give satisfaction 9 enamel+2 b x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! consumption ( fuel is s l>ge t bo? price & quality mu/ be c>efully consid]$4 ,exp]im5tal te/s mu/ be made f "t to "t4 ,a *eap1 common coal w nev] give good results1 & a good exp5sive coal w make ! co/ ( manufacture s great t ! prices ( ! enamel$ articles w r5d] !m unsalable4 ,any ord9>y small factory w use f #b to #d tons p] day ( coal1 & x w ?us be se5 t ! f9ancial success ( a conc]n lies to a v great ext5t at ! m\? ( ! furnace4 ,coke is a good m$ium = obta9+ ! necess>y heat requir$ 9 enamel+ if x c be got at a reasonable price4 ,) a good draught a uni=m temp]ature c be easily kept up1 & ! use ( ?is by-product is1 !re=e1 to be recomm5d$4 #cja ,) good coal & a furnace con/ruct$ to utilize ! heat giv5 (f to ! fulle/ ext5t1 !re may /ill be unnecess>y wa/e4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! b>s %\ld only be made by ^? :o fully und]/& ! "* ( ! coal & ! objects 9 view4 ,! fireman 9 *>ge %\ld be ?or\ghly exp]i5c$ & reliable1 z mu* wa/e is frequ5tly trac$ to imp]fect fe$+ ( ! fuel4 ,ea* *>ge ( articles %\ld be z l>ge z possible1 z fus+ w take place equally z well on _m articles z on few4 ,! *>ges %\ld foll[ "o ano!r z rapidly z c be conv5i5tly c>ri$ out2 & :]e ?is is n done !re is a lack ( organization :i* %\ld be imm$iately rem$i$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr9d+ ,,mill ,fig4 #i ,mills4--,any h>d sub/ances mu/ fir/ be brok5 up & p\nd$ 9 a p\nd+ or /amp+ mill1 or 9 any o!r suitable mann]1 ?us r$uc+ ! lumps to a granul> condition4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 ! co>se is sep>at$ f ! f9e p>ts & ! =m] aga9 op]at$ on4 ,! next process is roll] gr9d+ = r$uc+ ! h>d fritt$ granul> p>ticles to a f9e p[d]4 ,^! mills v>y 9 con/ruction1 b a satisfactory type is %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,motion is convey$ by a belt to ! driv+ pulley1 & ?is is transmitt$ f ! p9ion to ! l>ge bevel1 :i* is connect$ by a %aft to ! gr\nd plate4 ,z ?is revolves ! mat]ial causes ! mill :eels to revolve1 & 9 ?is way ! mat]ial is r$uc$ to a p[d]4 ,! roll]s are ( r$uc$ diamet] on ! inn] side to prev5t slippage1 & :5 all ! p>ts are made ( iron1 ! metal mu/ be close gra9$ & ( v h>d /ructure1 s z to r$uce ! am\nt remov$ by we> to a m9imum4 ,:5 ! mat]ials are gr\nd wet1 ! p[d] %\ld be c>efully protect$ f du/ & ?or\ghly dri$ be=e pass+ to ! next op]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,glaz+ ,,mill ,fig4 #aj ,! glaz+ or enamel mills are %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,^! mills consi/ ( a /rong iron frame securely bolt$ to a /one f\ndation4 ,9 ! sket* %[n ! fram+ c>ries #b mills1 b #c or #d c be arrang$ =4 ,a common arrangem5t = small factories consi/s ( #b l>ge mills1 & #a small] mill1 driv5 f ! same %aft4 ,"o ( ! mills is us$ = f\ndation or gray mix+s1 ! second = :ite1 & ! smalle/ "o = color$ mix+s4 ,9 ^! mills x is ess5tial t ! con/ruction is su* z to prev5t any iron fitt+ com+ into contact ) ! mix+1 =1 z has already be5 expla9$1 ! iron w cause discoloration4 ,! gr\nd plate is compos$ ( qu>tz & is immovable4 ,x is surr\nd$ by a wood5 cas+--z %[n at a--& b\nd toge!r by iron hoops4 ,! mill/ones are heavy1 rectangul> blocks ( qu>tz1 call$ 8,fr5* burr /one10 & into ! c5t] ! sp9dle1 b1 is l$4 ,! p[d]$ mat]ial mix$ ) ab\t ?ree times its bulk ( wat] is p\r$ into ! vats1 a1 & ! gr9d+ /ones are !n set 9 motion4 ,:5 a condition ready = enamel+ has be5 rea*$ ! mixture is run (f ?r\gh ! valves1 c4 ,ea* mill c be ?r[n out ( ge> :5 requir$1 by means ( a clut* box1 )\t int]f]+ ) ! work+ ( ! o!rs4 ,! gr9d+ /ones we> rapidly & require to be refac$ f "t to "t4 ,to avoid /oppage ( ! "w1 !re=e1 x is advisable to always h a sp>e set 9 read9ess to replace ^? remov$ = refac+4 ,! composition ( ! /ones %\ld n be neglect$1 =1 9 _m cases1 faults 9 ! enamel h be5 trac$ to ! we>+ away ( /ones conta9+ e>?y or metallic matt]4 #cjb ,enamel ,mix+4--,all con/itu5ts ( :i* an enamel glaze is compos$ mu/ be intimately mix$ toge!r4 ,?is c only be done by r$uc+ ea* to a f9e p[d] & ?or\ghly /irr+ !m up toge!r4 ,?is "p ( ! "w is (t5 c>ri$ out 9 a v sup]ficial mann]1 "o mat]ial %[+ mu* l>g] lumps ?an ano!r4 ,"u circum/ances su* z ^! x is absurd to imag9e t 9 fusion equal di/ribution w take place4 ,:at really happ5s is t "s p>ts ( ! mass are insuffici5tly suppli$ ) c]ta9 prop]ties :ile o!rs h too mu*4 ,a mixture ( ?is class c produce only unsatisfactory results 9 e respect1 = ! v>iations ref]r$ to w produce v>iations 9 ! complet5ess ( fusion 9 ! visc\s "* ( ! mass1 & 9 ! color4 ,! mix+ c be done by ?or\ghly /irr+ ! v>i\s +r$i5ts toge!r1 & a mu* bett] & *eap] sy/em is mix+ 9 rotat+ b>rels or *urns4 ,^! are m\nt$ on axles :i* re/ 9 be>+s1 "o axle be+ long en\gh to c>ry a pulley4 ,f ! driv+ %aft a belt is l$ to ! cask1 :i* !n rotates at a spe$ ( f #dj to #fj revolutions p] m9ute1 & 9 ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r ! op]ation is complete4 ,! cask %\ld n exce$ ! #e-;gallon size1 & %\ld at no "t be m ?an two-?irds full4 ,two casks ( ?is k9d give bett] results ?an "o twice ! size4 ,! mat]ials are %ot into ! cask 9 _! correct proportions ?r\gh a l>ge bung hole1 :i* is !n clos$ ov] by a close-fitt+ lid4 ,mix+s4--,= gray or fundam5tal coat+s3 ,i4--,almo/ any k9d ( glass #di p] c5t ,oxide ( lead #dg p] c5t ,fus$ borax #d p] c5t ,,ii4--,glass 7any k9d7 #fa p] c5t ,r$ lead #bb p] c5t ,borax #af p] c5t ,nit] #a p] c5t ,,iii4--,qu>tz #fg4e p] c5t ,borax #bi4e p] c5t ,soda 7enamel+7 #c p] c5t ,! above is specially adapt$ = iron pipes4 ,,iv4--,frit ( silica p[d] #fj p] c5t ,borax #cc p] c5t ,:ite lead #g p] c5t ,fus$ & !n gr\nd )-- ,?ree-t5?s weight ( silica frit4 ,clay1 ?ree-t5?s weight ( silica frit4 ,magnesia1 "o-six? weight ( :ite lead4 ,v4--,silica #fe p] c5t ,borax #ad p] c5t ,oxide ( lead #d p] c5t ,clay #ae p] c5t ,magnesia #b p] c5t ,no4 ,v gives a fair av]age ( sev]al mix+s :i* are 9 use1 b x c be v>i$ slightly to suit diff]5t conditions ( "w4 ,defects 9 ! ,gray or ,gr\nd ,coat+4--,*ipp+ is ! mo/ disa/r\s4 ,?is may be prev5t$ by ! addition ( "s bitt] salt1 say f #c to #d p] c5t ( ! weight ( ! frit4 ,! addition ( magnesia :5 x has be5 omitt$ f ! frit may also act z a prev5tive1 b x %\ld only be add$ 9 v small quantities1 n exce$+ #b4e p] c5t1 o!rwise ! temp]ature requir$ = fusion w be v great4 ,coat+ & ,fusion4--,difficulties ( ei!r may g5]ally be done away ) by r$uc+ ! magnesia us$ 9 ! frit to a m9imum4 ,a s(t surface is always ! outcome ( a mix+ :i* c be fus$ at a l[ temp]ature4 ,x is due to too mu* lead or an insuffici5cy ( clay or silica p[d]4 ,a h>d surface is due to ! quantity ( lead 9 ! mix+ be+ too small4 ,increase ! quantity & introduce pota%1 say ab\t #b4e p] c5t4 ,! gray or fundam5tal mix+ %\ld be kept toge!r 9 a condition only j suffici5tly liquid to all[ ( be+ p\r$ out4 ,:5 requir$ to be appli$ to ! plate1 ! wat] necess>y to l[] x to ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream c !n be add$ gradually1 en]getic /irr+ ( ! mass tak+ place simultane\sly 9 ord] to obta9 uni=m di/ribution4 ,! "t requir$ = fusion may v>y f #ae m9utes to #be m9utes1 b %\ld nev] exce$ ! latt]4 ,if x does1 x %[s t ! mix+ is too visc\s1 & ! rem$y w\ld be ! addition & ?or\gh int]mixture ( calc9$ borax or boracic acid4 ,%\ld ?is fail1 !n remelt+ or a new frit is necess>y4 ,a highly glaz$ surface on leav+ ! muffle %[s t ! composition is too fluid & requires ! addition ( clay1 glass1 silica p[d] or o!r sub/ance to increase ! viscosity4 ,z has be5 already expla9$1 ! glaze is mu* m important ?an ! fundam5tal coat+4 ,discoloration or slight flaws :i* c\ld be tol]at$ 9 ! latt] w\ld be fatal to ! =m]4 #cjc ,9 glazes1 oxide ( lead ne$ n be us$4 ,x %\ld nev] be us$ 9 a coat+ = vessels :i* are to conta9 acids or be us$ z cook+ ut5sils4 ,x may be us$ 9 sign-tablet production4 ,= pipes ! foll[+ glaze gives good results3 ,i4--,feldsp> #cc p] c5t ,borax #bb4e p] c5t ,qu>tz #af4e p] c5t ,oxide ( t9 #ae p] c5t ,soda #h p] c5t ,fluorsp> #c4ge p] c5t ,saltpet] #b4be p] c5t ,= sign tablets ! foll[+ gives fair results1 al?\gh "s ( ! succe$+ ones are 9 m g5]al use3 ,,ii4--,cullet #bj p] c5t ,p[d]$ fl9t #ae p] c5t ,lead #eb p] c5t ,soda #d4e p] c5t ,ars5ic #d4e p] c5t ,nit] #d p] c5t ,,iii4--,frit ( silica p[d] #cj p] c5t ,oxide ( t9 #ah p] c5t ,borax #ag p] c5t ,soda #h4f p] c5t ,nit] #g4e p] c5t ,:ite lead #e4e p] c5t ,c>bonate ( ammonia #e4e p] c5t ,magnesia #d p] c5t ,silica p[d] #d p] c5t ,! foll[+ are useful = cul9>y ut5sils1 z !y d n conta9 lead3 ,,iv4--,frit ( silica p[d] #bf p] c5t ,oxide ( t9 #ba p] c5t ,borax #bj p] c5t ,soda #aj4be p] c5t ,nit] #g p] c5t ,c>bonate ( ammonia #e p] c5t ,magnesia #c4be p] c5t ,?is %\ld be gr\nd up ) ! foll[+3 ,silica p[d] #d4be p] c5t ,oxide ( t9 #b4be p] c5t ,soda #j4e p] c5t ,magnesia #j4e p] c5t ,v4--,feldsp> #da p] c5t ,borax #ce p] c5t ,oxide ( t9 #ag p] c5t ,nit] #g p] c5t ,,vi4--,borax #cj p] c5t ,feldsp> #bb p] c5t ,silicate p[d] #ag4e p] c5t ,oxide ( t9 #ae p] c5t ,soda #ac4e p] c5t ,nit] #b p] c5t ,borax w assi/ fusion4 ,qu>tz mix+s require m soda ?an feldsp> mix+s4 ,,vii4--,borax #bh p] c5t ,oxide ( t9 #ai4e p] c5t ,cullet 7p[d]$ :ite glass7 #ah p] c5t ,silica p[d] #ag4e p] c5t ,nit] #i4e p] c5t ,magnesia #e p] c5t ,clay #b4e p] c5t ,,viii4--,borax #bf4ge p] c5t ,cullet #ai p] c5t ,silica p[d] #ah4e p] c5t ,oxide ( t9 #ai p] c5t ,nit] #i4be p] c5t ,magnesia #d4e p] c5t ,soda #c p] c5t ,to ,no4 ,,vii mu/ be add$--:ile be+ gr\nd--! foll[+ p]c5tages ( ! weight ( ! frit3 ,silica p[d] #ah p] c5t ,borax #i p] c5t ,magnesia #e4be p] c5t ,boracic acid #a4e p] c5t ,to ,no4 ,,viii %\ld be simil>ly add$ ! foll[+ p]c5tages ( ! frit3 ,silica p[d] #a4ge p] c5t ,magnesia #a4ge p] c5t ,soda #a p] c5t ,?is mix+ is "o :i* is us$ 9 ! production ( "s ( ! be/ types ( holl[ w>e = cul9>y purposes4 ,! glaze %\ld be kept 9 tubs mix$ ) wat] until us$1 & x %\ld be c>efully protect$ f du/4 ,defects 9 ! ,glaze or ,:ite4--,a bad :ite may be due to its be+ insuffici5tly opaque4 ,m oxide ( t9 is requir$4 ,cracks may be prev5t$ by ! addition ( c>bonate ( ammonia4 ,insuffici5t lu/] c be avoid$ by add+ to ! quantity ( soda & r$uc+ ! borax4 ,if ! gray %[s ?r\gh ! :ite x proves t ! temp]ature ( fusion is too high or ! viscosity ( ! mix+ is too great4 ,if ! coat+ is n uni=mly spread x may be due to ! glaze be+ too ?92 add magnesia4 ,if ! glaze sep>ates f ! gray add "s bitt] salt4 ,viscosity w be increas$ by r$uc+ ! quantity ( borax4 ,immunity aga9/ *emical reaction is procur$ by increas+ ! quantity ( borax4 ,an improv$ lu/] w be obta9$ by add+ native c>bonate ( soda4 ,! great] ! quantity ( silicic acid ! great] mu/ be ! temp]ature = fusion4 ,to r$uce ! temp]ature add borax4 ,clay w increase ! difficulty #cjd ( fusion4 ,oxide ( lead w make a frit m easily fusible4 ,a pur] :ite c be obta9$ by add+ a small quantity ( smalt4 ,wat]4--,! "* ( ! wat] us$ 9 ! mix+ ( enamels is too frequ5tly tak5 = grant$1 = unsuitable wat] may r5d] a mix+ almo/ entirely useless4 ,clean wat]1 & ) little or no sulphur pres5t1 is ess5tial4 ,= v f9e enamels x is advisable to use c>efully filt]$ wat] :i* has %[n1 aft] analysis1 t x is free f any matt] :i* is injuri\s to any ( ! enamel con/itu5ts4 ,h[ to ,tell ! ,"* ( ,enamel4--,9 ! case ( sign tablets ! *>act]i/ics look$ to are appe>ance & ! adh]5ce ( ! coat+s to ! iron4 ,= ! latt] ! te/s are simple4 ,! plate if slightly b5t %\ld n crack ! coat+4 ,an enamel plate plac$ 9 boil+ wat] = "s "t & !n plung$ into v cold wat] %\ld n %[ any cracks1 h[ev] small1 ev5 aft] repeat$ treatm5t ( ?is k9d4 ,cul9>y ut5sils1 & ^? to hold *emicals1 %\ld n only look well1 b %\ld be capable ( resi/+ ! action ( acids4 ,lead %\ld nev] ent] into ! composition ( enamels ( ?is class1 z !y !n become easily act$ ^u1 & 9 ! case ( *ipp+ pres5t a m5ace to heal?4 ,! pres5ce ( lead is easily detect$4 ,de/roy ! outside coat+ ( ! enamel at "s spot by ! application ( /rong nitric acid4 ,wa% ! "p & apply a drop ( ammonium sulphide4 ,if lead is pres5t1 ! "p w become almo/ black1 b rema9s un*ang$ 9 color if x is abs5t4 ,ano!r simple te/ is to swit* up an egg 9 a vessel & all[ x to /& = ab\t #bd h\rs4 ,:5 p\r$ out & r9s$ ) wat] a d>k /a9 w rema9 if lead is pres5t 9 ! enamel4 ,to te/ ! p[] ( *emical resi/ance is equally simple4 ,boil dilut$ v9eg> 9 ! vessel = sev]al m9utes1 & if a s$im5t is =m$ & ! lu/] & smoo?ness ( ! glaze de/roy$ or p>tially de/roy$1 x foll[s t x is incapable ( resi/+ ! attacks ( acids = any l5g? ( "t4 ,!re are sev]al o!r te/s adopt$1 b ^? giv5 pres5t little difficulty 9 c>ry+ out1 & give reliable results4 ,wa/]s & ,seconds3 ,repair+ ,old ,articles4--,9 all enamel+ !re mu/ be c]ta9 articles turn$ out :i* are defective1 b ! p]c5tage %\ld nev] be v great4 ,! causes :i* mo/ frequ5tly t5d to ! production ( wa/]s are new mix+s & a temp]ature ( fusion :i* is ei!r too high or too l[4 ,!re are two ways ( dispos+ ( defective articles1 viz43 7#a7 ,*ipp+ (f ! bad spots1 pat*+ !m up & sell+ !m z 8seconds02 7#b7 ?r[+ ! articles into ! wa/e heap4 ,! be/ firms adopt ! latt] c\rse1 because ! recoat+ & fir+ ( defective p>ts practically means a repetition ( ! :ole process1 ?us add+ greatly to ! co/1 :ile ! sell+ price is r$uc$4 ,ov]heat+ 9 fusion is g5]ally %[n by bli/]s or by ! enamel be+ too ?9 9 v>i\s places4 ,*ipp+ may be also due to ?is cause1 ! excessive heat hav+ practically fus$ ! fundam5tal coat+4 ,at ?is /age ! defects may be rem$i$ by break+ (f ! faulty p>ts1 pat*+ !m up1 & !n recoat+ ! :ole4 ,) sign tablets !re is no objection to do+ s1 b ) holl[ w>e ! fact rema9s t ! article is faulty1 no matt] h[ c>efully defects may be hidd54 ,z :ite is ! mo/ g5]al coat+ us$1 & %[s up ! defects m ?an ! color$ coat+s1 ! greate/ c>e is necess>y at e /age ( ! manufacture4 ,:ile gl[+ on ! article1 x %\ld appe> uni=mly yell[1 b on cool+ x %\ld rev]t to a pure :ite %ade4 ,on exam9+ diff]5t makes ( :ite coat$ articles1 x w be f\nd t "s are m opaque ?an o!rs4 ,! =m] are less durable ?an ! latt]1 because !y conta9 a l>ge p]c5tage ( oxide ( t91 :i* r$uces ! ela/icity4 ,to ensure h>dness ! mix+ mu/ be v liquid1 & ?is _c be arriv$ at :5 a l>ge quantity ( oxide ( t9 is introduc$4 ,old ut5sils :i* h become brok5 or *ipp$ c be repair$1 al?\gh1 except 9 ! case ( l>ge articles1 ?is is r>ely done4 ,! op]ations necess>y are3 7#a7 ,! defective p>ts *ipp$ (f2 7#b7 submitt$ to a r$ heat = a few mom5ts2 7#c7 coat$ ) gray on ! expos$ iron2 7#d7 fus$2 7#e7 coat$ ) ! glaze on ! gray2 7#f7 fus$4 ,to ,repair ,enamel$ ,signs4-- ,copal #e p>ts ,dam> #e p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #d p>ts ,p[d] ! ros9s1 mix ) ! turp5t9e & add en\gh alcohol to =m a ?ick liquid4 ,to ?is add f9ely p[d]$ z9c :ite 9 suffici5t quantity to yield a pla/ic mass4 ,color+ #cje matt] may1 ( c\rse1 be add$ if desir$4 ,! mass aft] application is poli%$ :5 x has become suffici5tly h>d4 ,enamel = ,copp] ,cook+ ,vessels4--,:ite fluorsp> is gr\nd to a f9e p[d] & /rongly calc9$ ) an equal volume ( unburnt gypsum1 at a light gl[+ heat1 /irr+ dilig5tly4 ,gr9d ! mixture to a pa/e ) wat]1 pa9t ! vessel ) x1 us+ a bru%1 or p\r 9 ! pa/e l a glaze & dry ! same4 ,increase ! heat gradually & br+ ! vessels ) ! glass sub/ance quickly into /rong heat1 "u a suitable cov]+ or a mantle ( burnt clay4 ,! sub/ance soon =ms a :ite opaque enamel1 :i* adh]es firmly to ! copp]4 ,x c /& pretty h>d knocks )\t crack+1 is adapt$ = cook+ purposes & n attack$ by acid matt]s4 ,if ! glassy sub/ance is desir$ to cl+ well & firmly to ! copp]1 a sudd5 & sev]e heat mu/ be obs]v$4 ,to ,pickle ,black ,iron-,plate ,scrap ,be=e ,enamel+4--,! black iron-plate scraps are fir/ dipp$ clean 9 a mixture ( ab\t #a "p ( sulphuric acid & #bj to #bb p>ts ( wat] heat$ to #cj to #dj ,c4 7#hf to #ajd ,f471 & %>p qu>tz s& is !n us$ = sc\r+4 ,!y are !n plung$ = a few seconds 9 boil+ wat]1 tak5 out1 & all[$ to dry4 ,r9s+ ) cold wat] & all[+ to dry ?us may cause ru/4 ,! gra9s ( qu>tz cut grooves 9 ! fib]s ( ! iron2 ?is helps ! gr\nd+ to adh]e well4 ,) _m k9ds ( plate x is advisable to anneal aft] pickl+1 %utt+ (f ! air2 by ?is means ! plates w be ?or\ghly clean & free f oxidation4 ,mu* practice is requir$4--,! ,eng9e]4 ,,enamel$ ,,iron ,,recipes4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to produce a flux to fuse at a mod]ate heat1 :i*1 by fl[+ ^u ! plate1 =ms a uni=m surface = ! :ite or color$ enamels to "w ^u4 ,flux = ,enamel$ ,iron4-- ,:ite lead #aj p>ts ,ball clay #a "p ,fl9t glass #aj p>ts ,:it+ #a "p ,! plates may !n be coat$ ) any ( ! foll[+ mixtures1 :i* may ei!r be spread on z a p[d] ) a little gum1 z 9 ! case ( ! flux1 or ! colors may be mix$ ) oil & ! plates dipp$ !re9 :5 coat$2 ! plate requires heat+ suffici5tly to run ! enamels bright4 ,s(t ,enamels = ,iron1 ,:ite4-- ,fl9t glass #af p>ts ,oxide ( t9 #a #a_/b p>ts ,nit] #a #a_/b p>ts ,r$ lead #d p>ts ,fl9t or *9a clay #a "p ,black4-- ,r$ oxide ( iron #a #a_/d p>ts ,c>bonate ( cobalt #a #a_/d p>ts ,r$ lead #f p>ts ,borax #b p>ts ,lynn s& #b p>ts ,yell[ ,coral4-- ,*romate ( lead #a "p ,r$ lead #b #c_/d p>ts ,fl9t #a "p ,borax #a_/d "p ,can>y4-- ,oxide ( uranium #a "p ,r$ lead #d #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t #a #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t glass #a "p ,turquoise4-- ,r$ lead #dj p>ts ,fl9t glass #ab p>ts ,borax #af p>ts ,fl9t #ab p>ts ,enamel :ite #ad p>ts ,oxide ( copp] #g p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #a_/d "p ,r$ ,br[n4-- ,calc9$ sulphate ( iron #a "p ,flux ,no4 #h 7see page #cjg7 #c p>ts ,maz>9e ,blue4-- ,oxide ( cobalt #aj p>ts ,p>is :ite #i p>ts ,sulphate b>ytes #a "p ,fire ! above at an int5se heat & = use take ,above /a9 #a "p ,flux ,no4 #h 7see page #cjg7 #c p>ts ,sky ,blue4-- ,fl9t glass #cj p>ts ,:ite lead #aj p>ts ,pe>la% #b p>ts ,common salt #b p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #d p>ts ,enamel1 :ite #d p>ts ,*rome ,gre54-- ,borax #aj p>ts ,oxide ( *rome #d #a_/b p>ts ,:ite lead #i p>ts ,fl9t glass #i p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #b p>ts ,oxide ( t9 #a "p #cjf ,coral ,r$4-- ,bi*romate pota% #a "p ,r$ lead #d #a_/b p>ts ,sug> ( lead #a #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t #a #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t glass #a "p ,enamel ,:ite4--,s(t3 ,r$ lead #hj p>ts ,opal glass #ej p>ts ,fl9t #ej p>ts ,borax #bd p>ts ,ars5ic #h p>ts ,nit] #f p>ts ,enamel ,:ite4-- ,r$ lead #aj p>ts ,fl9t #f p>ts ,boracic acid #d p>ts ,nit] #a "p ,soda cry/als #a "p ,:]e ! enamel$ "w is int5d$ to be expos$ to ! wea!r d n use flux ,no4 #h1 b sub/itute ! foll[+3 ,:ite lead #a "p ,gr\nd fl9t glass #a "p ,all ! enamels %\ld1 aft] be+ mix$1 be melt$ 9 crucibles1 p\r$ out :5 9 liquid1 & p[d]$ or gr\nd = use4 ,,fusible ,,enamel ,,colors4 ,! foll[+ colors are fusible by heat1 & are all suitable = ! decoration ( *9a & glass4 ,9 ! foll[+ collection ( recipes c]ta9 t]ms are employ$ :i* may n be q und]/ood by p]sons :o are n connect$ ) ei!r ! glass or porcela9 indu/ries1 su* z 8glo/ fire0 & 8run d[n10 & 9 su* cases ref]5ce mu/ be made to ! foll[+ def9itions3 8,run d[n40 ,suffici5t heat to melt into liquid4 8,glo/ fire40 ,ord9>y glaze heat4 8,gr9d only40 ,no calc9ation requir$4 8,h>d fire40 ,highe/ heat atta9able4 8,frit40 ,! +r$i5ts p>tly compos+ a glaze1 :i* require calc9ation4 8,/one40 ,always be/ ,cornwall /one4 8,p>is :ite40 ,sup]ior quality ( :it+4 8,p>ts40 ,always s _m p>ts by weight1 unless o!rwise /at$4 8,d4 ,l4 ,z9c40 ,p>ticul> br& n ess5tial4 ,any good quality oxide ( z9c w d4 ,ruby & ,m>oon4--,prep>ation ( silv]3 ,nitric acid #a ounce ,wat] #a ounce ,dissolve ! silv] till saturat$1 !n put a plate ( copp] 9 ! solution to precipitate ! silv] 9 a metallic /ate4 ,wa% well ) wat] to remove ! acetate ( copp]4 ,flux = ,above4--,six dwts4 :ite lead to #a ounce prep>$ silv]4 ,t9 ,solution4--,put ! acid 7aqua regia7 9 a bottle1 add t9 9 small quantities until x becomes a d>k-r$ color2 let x /& ab\t #d days be=e use4 ,:5 ! acid becomes saturat$ x w turn r$ at ! bottom ( ! bottle1 !n %ake x up & add m t92 let x /& & x w become cle>4 ,aqua ,regia4-- ,nitric acid #b p>ts ,muriatic acid #a "p ,dissolve gra9 gold 9 ! aqua regia s z to make a saturat$ solution4 ,take a bas9 & fill x #c p>ts full ( wat]2 drop ! solution ( gold into x till x becomes an amb] color4 ,into ?is solution ( gold gradually drop ! solution ( t91 until ! precipitate is complete4 ,wa% ! precipitate until ! wat] becomes ta/eless1 !n dry sl[ly & flux z foll[s3 ,flux ,no4 ,i4-- ,borax #c p>ts ,r$ lead #c p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts ,run d[n4 ,rose ,mixture4-- ,purple ( ,cassius #a ounce ,flux ,no4 #a #f ounces ,prep>$ silv] #c dwts4 ,fl9t glass #b ounces ,gr9d4 ,purple ,mixture4-- ,purple ( ,cassius #a ounce ,flux ,no4 #h 7see page #cjg7 #b #a_/b ounces ,fl9t glass #b ounces ,gr9d4 ,ruby4-- ,purple mixture #b #a_/b p>ts ,rose mixture #a #a_/b p>ts ,gr9d4 ,m>oon4-- ,rose mixture #a "p ,purple mixture #b p>ts ,gr9d4 #cjg ,black--,extra quality4-- ,r$ oxide ( iron #ab p>ts ,c>bonate ( cobalt #ab p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #a "p ,black flux ,a 7see next =mula7 #hj p>ts ,glo/ fire4 ,black ,flux ,a4-- ,r$ lead #c p>ts ,calc9$ borax #a_/b "p ,lynn s& #a "p ,run d[n4 ,black ,no4 #b4-- ,oxide ( copp] #a "p ,c>bonate ( cobalt #a_/b "p ,flux ,no4 #h 7see next column7 #d p>ts ,gr9d only4 ,enamel ,:ite4-- ,ars5ic #b #a_/b p>ts ,nit] #a #a_/b p>ts ,borax #d p>ts ,fl9t #af p>ts ,glass #af p>ts ,r$ lead #cb p>ts ,glo/ fire4 ,turquoise4--,*9a3 ,calc9$ copp] #e p>ts ,:it+ #e p>ts ,phosphate ( soda #h p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #af p>ts ,soda cry/als #d p>ts ,magnesia #b p>ts ,r$ lead #h p>ts ,flux ,t 7see next =mula7 #eb p>ts ,glo/ fire4 ,flux ,t4-- ,borax #b p>ts ,s& #a "p ,run d[n4 ,orange4-- ,orange ,u4 ,g4 #a "p ,flux ,no4 #h 7see next column7 #c p>ts ,gr9d only4 ,blue ,gre54-- ,fl9t glass #h p>ts ,enamel :ite #be p>ts ,borax #h p>ts ,r$ lead #bd p>ts ,fl9t #f p>ts ,oxide ( copp] #b #a_/b p>ts ,glo/ heat4 ,coral ,r$4-- ,*romate ( pota% #a "p ,sug> ( lead #a #a_/b p>ts ,dissolve 9 hot wat]1 !n dry4 ,take #a "p ( above1 #c p>ts flux = coral4 ,gr9d4 ,flux = ,coral4-- ,r$ lead #d #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t #a #a_/b p>ts ,fl9t glass #a #a_/b p>ts ,run d[n4 ,turquoise4-- ,oxide ( copp] #e p>ts ,borax #aj p>ts ,fl9t #ab p>ts ,enamel :ite #ad p>ts ,r$ lead #dj p>ts ,glo/ fire4 ,flux ,no4 #h4-- ,r$ lead #f p>ts ,borax #d p>ts ,fl9t #b p>ts ,run d[n4 ,russian ,gre54-- ,mala*ite gre5 #aj p>ts ,enamel yell[ #e p>ts ,majolica :ite #e p>ts ,flux ,no4 #h 7see previ\s =mula7 #b p>ts ,gr9d only4 ,amb]4-- ,oxide ( uranium #a "p ,coral flux #h p>ts ,gr9d only4 ,gordon ,gre54-- ,yell[ ,u4 ,g4 #e p>ts ,flux ,no4 #h 7see above7 #ae p>ts ,mala*ite gre5 #aj p>ts ,gr9d only4 ,celadon4-- ,enamel light blue #a "p ,mala*ite gre5 #a "p ,flux ,no4 #h 7see above7 #ae p>ts ,gr9d only4 ,r$ ,br[n4-- ,sulphate ( iron1 fir$ #a "p ,flux ,no4 #h 7see above7 #c p>ts ,gr9d only4 ,matt ,blue4-- ,flux ,no4 #h 7see above7 #aj #a_/b p>ts ,oxide ( z9c #e p>ts ,oxide ( cobalt #d p>ts ,glo/ fire1 !n take ,( above base #a "p ,flux ,no4 #h 7see above7 #a #a_/h p>ts ,gr9d only4 #cjh ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,enamels4 ,! base ( enamel is glass1 color$ diff]5t %ades by ! addition ( metallic oxides mix$ & melt$ ) x4 ,! oxide ( cobalt produces blue2 r$ is obta9$ by ! ,cassius process4 ,! purple ( ,cassius1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ brilliant ( colors1 is us$ almo/ exclusively 9 enamel+ & m9iature pa9t+2 x is produc$ by add+ to a solution ( gold *loride a solution ( t9 *loride mix$ ) f]ric *loride until a gre5 color appe>s4 ,! oxide ( iron & ( copp] also produces r$1 b ( a less ri* tone2 *rome produces gre51 & manganese violet2 black is produc$ by ! mixture ( ^! oxides4 ,antimony & ars5ic also ent] into ! composition ( enamels4 ,enamels are ( two classes--opaque & transp>5t4 ,! opacity is caus$ by ! pres5ce ( t94 ,:5 ! m+l$ glass & oxides h be5 put 9 ! crucible1 ?is is plac$ 9 ! furnace1 heat$ to a temp]ature ( #a1hcb or #b1bjj ,f4 ,:5 ! mixture becomes fus$1 x is /irr$ ) a metal rod4 ,two or ?ree h\rs are necess>y = ! op]ation4 ,! enamel is !n p\r$ into wat]1 :i* divides x into gra9s1 or =m$ into cakes or masses1 :i* are left to cool4 ,= apply+ enamels to metals1 gold1 silv]1 or copp]1 x is necess>y to r$uce !m to p[d]1 :i* is effect$ 9 an agate mort> ) ! aid ( a pe/le ( ! same mat]ial4 ,dur+ ! op]ation ! enamel ought to be soak$ 9 wat]4 ,= dissolv+ ! impurities :i* may h be5 =m$ dur+ ! "w1 a few drops ( nitric acid are p\r$ 9 imm$iately aft]w>ds1 well mix$1 & !n got rid ( by repeat$ wa%+ ) filt]$ wat]4 ,?is %\ld be c>efully done1 /irr+ ! enamel p[d] ) a glass rod1 9 ord] to keep ! p>ticles 9 susp5sion4 ,! p[d] is all[$ to repose at ! bottom ( ! vessel1 aft] mak+ sure by ! ta/e ( ! wat] t x does n conta9 any trace ( acid2 only !n is ! enamel ready = use4 ,= enamel+ a jewel or o!r object x is necess>y1 fir/ to heat x /rongly1 9 ord] to burn (f any fatty matt]1 & aft]w>ds to cleanse x 9 a solution ( nitric acid dilut$ ) boil+ wat]4 ,aft] r9s+ ) pure wat] & wip+ ) a v clean clo?1 x is heat$ slightly & is !n ready to receive ! enamel4 ,enamels are appli$ ) a /eel tool 9 ! =m ( a spatula2 wat] is ! vehicle4 ,:5 ! lay]s ( enamel h be5 appli$1 ! conta9$ wat] is remov$ by means ( a f9e l95 rag1 press+ slightly on ! p>ts t h receiv$ ! enamel4 ,! tissue absorbs ! wat]1 & no?+ rema9s on ! object except ! enamel p[d]4 ,x is plac$ be=e ! fire to remove e trace ( moi/ure4 ,?us prep>$ & put on a fire-clap slab1 x is ready = its passage to ! heat :i* fixes ! enamel4 ,?is op]ation is conduct$ 9 a furnace1 ) a curr5t ( air ^: temp]ature is ab\t #a1hcb ,f4 ,9 ?is op]ation ! fire-*amb] ought n to conta9 any gas4 ,enamels are fus$ at a temp]ature ( #a1bib to #a1dgb ,f4 ,great att5tion is ne$$1 = exp]i5ce alone is ! guide1 & ! duration ( ! process is q %ort4 ,on com+ f ! fire1 ! molecules compos+ ! enamel p[d] h be5 fus$ toge!r & pres5t to ! eye a vitre\s surface cov]+ ! metal & adh]+ to x p]fectly4 ,"u ! action ( ! heat ! metallic oxides conta9$ 9 ! enamel h met ! oxide ( ! metal & =m$ "o body ) x1 ?us adh]+ completely4 ,,jewel]s' ,,enamels4 ,melt toge!r3 ,transp>5t ,r$4--,cassius gold purple1 #fe p>ts1 by weight2 cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #d p>ts1 by weight4 ,transp>5t ,blue4--,cry/al glass1 #cd p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #f p>ts1 by weight2 cobalt oxide1 #d p>ts1 by weight4 ,d>k ,blue4--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #f p>ts1 by weight2 cobalt oxide1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 bone black1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 ars5ic acid1 #b p>ts1 by weight4 ,transp>5t ,gre54--,cry/al glass1 #hj p>ts1 by weight2 cupric oxide1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #b p>ts1 by weight4 ,d>k ,gre54--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #h p>ts1 by weight2 cupric oxide1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 bone black1 #d p>ts by weight2 ars5ic acid1 #b p>ts1 by weight4 ,black4--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #h p>ts1 by weight2 cupric oxide1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 f]ric oxide1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 cobalt oxide1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 manganic oxide1 #d p>ts1 by weight4 ,:ite4--,i4--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 /annic oxide1 #f p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #f p>ts1 by weight2 ars5ic acid1 #b p>ts1 by weight4 ,,ii4--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 sodium antimonate1 #aj p>ts1 by weight4 #cji ,! f9ely pulv]iz$ color$ enamel is appli$ ) a bru% & lav5d] oil on ! :ite enamel already fus$ 9 & !n only heat$ until x melts4 ,= c]ta9 purposes1 ! color compositions may also be fus$ 9 )\t a :ite gr\nd4 ,! glass us$ = :ite1 ,no4 #b1 mu/ be free f lead1 o!rwise ! enamel w be unsightly4 ,v>i\s ,enamels = ,preci\s ,metals3 ,:ite4--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 oxide ( t91 #f p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #f p>ts1 by weight2 dioxide ( ars5ic1 #b p>ts1 by weight1 or silici\s s&1 #ej p>ts1 by weight2 p[d]1 consi/+ ( #ae ( t9 p] #ajj ( lead1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight2 c>bonate ( potassium1 #dj p>ts1 by weight4 ,fuse ! :ole ) a quantity ( manganese4 ,to take away ! accid5tal color+1 p\r x into wat]1 & aft] hav+ pulv]iz$ x1 melt aga9 #c or #d times4 ,opaque ,blue4--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #f p>ts1 by weight2 cobalt oxide1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 calc9$ bone1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 dioxide ( ars5ic1 #b p>ts1 by weight4 ,transp>5t ,gre54--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 blue v]dit]1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #b p>ts1 by weight4 ,opaque ,gre54--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #h p>ts1 by weight2 blue v]dit]1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 calc9$ bone1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 dioxide ( ars5ic1 #b p>ts1 by weight4 ,black4--,i4--,cry/al glass1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 borax1 #h p>ts1 by weight2 oxide ( copp]1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 oxide ( iron1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 oxide ( cobalt1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 oxide ( manganese1 #d p>ts1 by weight4 ,,ii4--,take #a_/b "p1 by weight1 ( silv]2 #b #a_/b p>ts ( copp]2 #c #a_/b p>ts ( lead1 & #b #a_/b p>ts ( muriate ( ammonia4 ,melt toge!r & p\r into a crucible ) twice z mu* pulv]iz$ sulphur2 ! crucible is !n to be imm$iately cov]$ t ! sulphur may n take fire1 & ! mixture is to be calc9$ ov] a smelt+ fire until ! sup]flu\s sulphur is burn$ away4 ,! comp\nd is !n to be co>sely p\nd$1 &1 ) a solution ( muriate ( ammonia1 to be =m$ into a pa/e :i* is to be plac$ ^u ! article x is design$ to enamel4 ,! article mu/ !n be held ov] a _s lamp till ! comp\nd ^u x melts & fl[s4 ,aft] ?is x may be smoo!d & poli%$ up 9 safety4 ,see also ,v>ni%es & ,c]amics = o!r enamel =mulas4 ,,enamel ,,colors1 ,,quick ,,dry+3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,enamel ,,remov]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,enamel+ ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,eng9es 7,,gasol9e71 ,,anti-,,freez+ ,,solution ,,=3 ,see ,freez+ ,prev5tives4 ,,engrav+ ,,spoon ,,h&les4 ,aft] ! fir/ monogram has be5 engrav$1 rub x ) a mixture ( #c p>ts ( beeswax1 #c ( tall[1 #a ( ,canada balsam1 & #a ( olive oil4 ,remove any sup]flu\s quantity1 !n moi/5 a piece ( pap] ) ! tongue1 & press x ev5ly ^u ! engrav+4 ,lay a dry piece ( pap] ov] x1 hold bo? firmly ) ?umb & =ef+] ( left h&1 & rub ov] ! surface ) a poli%+ tool ( /eel or bone4 ,! wet pap] is !reby press$ into ! engrav+1 &1 ) c>e1 a cle> impression is made4 ,remove ! pap] c>efully1 place x 9 ! same position on ano!r h&le1 & a cle> impression w be left4 ,! same pap] c be us$ #b doz5 times or m4 ,,engrav+ ,,on ,,/eel3 ,see ,/eel4 ,engrav+s3 ,_! ,pres]vation 7,see also ,pictures1 ,pr9ts1 & ,li?ographs47 ,clean+ ( ,copp]plate ,engrav+s4--,wa% ! %eet on bo? sides by means ( a s(t sponge or bru% ) wat] to :i* #dj p>ts ( ammonium c>bonate has be5 add$ p] #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 & r9se ! pap] ea* "t ) cle> wat]4 ,next moi/5 ) wat] 9 :i* a little w9e v9eg> has be5 admix$1 r9se ! %eet aga9 ) wat] conta9+ a little *loride ( lime1 & dry 9 ! air1 pref]ably 9 ! sun4 ,! pap] w become p]fectly cle> )\t ! pr9t be+ injur$4 ,re/oration ( ,old ,pr9ts4--,old engrav+s1 woodcuts1 or pr9t$ %eets t h turn$ yell[ may be r5d]$ :ite by fir/ wa%+ c>efully 9 wat] conta9+ a little hyposulphite ( soda1 & !n dipp+ = a m9ute 9 javelle wat]4 ,to prep>e ! latt]1 put #d p\nds ( bic>bonate ( soda 9 a pan1 p\r ov] x #a gallon ( boil+ wat]2 boil = #ae m9utes1 !n /ir 9 #a #caj p\nd ( *loride ( lime4 ,:5 cold1 p\r (f ! cle> liquid1 & keep 9 a jug ready = use4 ,surpris+ results are obta9$ f ! use ( hydrog5 p]oxide 9 ! re/oration ( old copp] or /eel engrav+s or li?ographs :i* h become soil$ or yell[1 & ?is )\t ! lea/ injury to ! picture4 ,! cellulose :i* makes ! sub/ance ( ! pap] resi/s ! action ( ozone1 & ! black c>bon color ( ^! pr9ts is inde/ructible4 ,to remove grease or o!r spots ( dirt be=e blea*+1 ! engrav+s are treat$ ) b5z9e4 ,?is is done by lay+ ea* "o out flat 9 a %all[ vessel & p\r+ ! b5z9e ov] x4 ,z b5z9e evaporates v rapidly1 ! vessel mu/ be kept well cov]$1 & s9ce its vapors are also exce$+ly inflammable1 no fire or smok+ %\ld be all[$ 9 ! room4 ,! picture is left = sev]al h\rs1 !n lift$ out & dri$ 9 ! air1 & f9ally bru%$ sev]al times ) a s(t bru%4 ,! du/ :i* 0 kept ^u ! pap] by ! grease n[ lies m loosely ^u x & c easily be remov$ by bru%+4 ,9 _m cases ! above treatm5t is suffici5t to improve ! appe>ance ( ! picture4 ,9 ! case ( v old or badly soil$ engrav+s1 x is foll[$ by a second1 consi/+ 9 ! imm]sion ( ! picture 9 a solution ( sodium c>bonate or a v dilute solution ( cau/ic soda1 x be+ left z be=e = sev]al h\rs4 ,aft] ! liquid has be5 p\r$ (f1 ! picture mu/ be repeat$ly r9s$ 9 cle> wat]1 to remove any remnant ( ! soda4 ,by ^! means ! pap] is s f> cleans$ t only spots ( mold or o!r discolorations rema94 ,^! may be remov$ by hydrog5 p]oxide1 9 a fairly /rong solution4 ,! comm]cial p]oxide may be dilut$ ) #b p>ts wat]4 ,! picture is laid 9 a %all[ vessel1 ! p]oxide p\r$ ov] x1 & ! vessel plac$ 9 a /rong light4 ,v soon ! discolorations w pale4 ,to ,r$uce ,engrav+s4--,pla/] ca/s1 z we "k1 c be p]ceptibly r$uc$ 9 size by treatm5t ) wat] or alcohol1 & if ?is is prop]ly done1 ! r$uction is s ev5 t ! ca/ loses no?+ ( its cle> outl9e1 b sometimes ev5 ga9s 9 ?is respect by contraction4 ,if x is desir$ to r$uce an engrav$ plate1 make a pla/] ca/ ( x1 treat ?is ) wat] or alcohol1 & fill ! new ca/ ) "s easily fusible metal4 ,?is model1 :i* w be consid]ably small] ?an ! orig9al1 is to be made aga9 9 pla/]1 & aga9 treat$1 until ! desir$ size is rea*$4 ,9 ?is way any?+ ( ! k9d1 ev5 m$allions1 c be reproduc$ on a small] scale4 ,,enl>gem5ts3 ,see ,photography4 ,,envelope ,,gum3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,mucilages4 ,,epizooty3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,ess5ces & ,extracts ( ,fruits ,pres]vation ( ,fruit ,juices4--,! juices ( pulpy fruits1 :5 fre%1 conta9 an active pr9ciple kn[n z pect91 :i* is ! coagulat+ sub/ance t =ms ! basis ( fruit jellies4 ,?is x is :i* prev5ts ! juice ( b]ries & simil> fruits f pass+ ?r\gh filt]+ m$ia4 ,pect9 may be precipitat$ by ! addition ( alcohol1 or by f]m5tation4 ,! latt] is ! be/1 z ! addition ( alcohol to ! fre% juices de/roys _! aroma & injures ! ta/e4 ,! induction ( a light f]m5tation is f> ! bett] me?od1 n only pres]v+1 :5 c>efully conduct$1 ! ta/e & aroma ( ! fruit1 b yield+ f> m juice4 ,! fruit is cru%$ & ! juice subsequ5tly c>efully b /rongly press$ out4 ,sometimes ! cru%$ fruit is all[$ to /& a:ile1 & to proce$ to a light f]m5tation be=e pressure is appli$2 b :ile a great] am\nt ( juice is ?us obta9$1 ! aroma & flavor ( ! product are v s5sibly injur$ by ! proc$ure4 ,to ! juice ?us obta9$1 add f #a to #b p] c5t ( sug>1 & put away 9 a cool place 7:]e ! temp]ature w n rise ov] #gj or #ge ,f474 ,f]m5tation soon beg9s1 & w proce$ = a few days4 ,z soon z ! developm5t ( c>bonic acid gas ceases1 ! juice beg9s to cle> itself1 f ! surface d[nw>d1 & 9 a %ort "t all solid matt] w lie 9 a mass at ! bottom1 leav+ ! liquid bright & cle>4 ,draw (f ! latt] ) a siphon1 v c>efully1 s z n to di/urb ! s$im5t>y matt]4 ,f]m5tation %\ld be induc$ 9 clos$ vessels only1 z :5 conduct$ 9 op5 conta9]s a fungoid gr[? is apt to =m on ! surface1 sometimes caus+ putrefactive1 & at o!rs1 an acetic1 f]m5tation1 9 ei!r ev5t spoil+ ! juice = #caa subsequ5t use1 except z a v9eg>4 ,! vessels1 to effect ! end desir$1 %\ld be fill$ only two-?irds or ?ree-f\r?s full1 & !n c>efully clos$ ) a tight-fitt+ cork1 ?r\gh :i* is pass$ a tube ( glass1 b5t at ! upp] end1 ! %ort end ( :i* passes bel[ ! surface ( a vessel fill$ ) wat]4 ,z soon z f]m5tation comm5ces ! c>bonic acid develop$ !reby escapes ?r\gh ! tube into ! wat]1 :5ce x passes (f into ! atmosph]e4 ,:5 bubbles no long] pass (f f ! tube ! op]ation %\ld be int]rupt$1 & decantation or siphon+1 ) subsequ5t filtration1 comm5c$4 ,by proce$+ 9 ?is mann] all ! aroma & flavor ( ! juices are reta9$4 ,if x is int5d$ = pres]vation = any l5g? ( "t ! juice %\ld be heat$ on a wat] ba? to ab\t #agf ,f4 & p\r$1 :ile hot1 into bottles :i* h be5 asepticiz$ by fill+ ) cold wat]1 & plac+ 9 a vessel simil>ly fill$1 br++ to a boil+ temp]ature1 & ma9ta9+ at ?is temp]ature until ! juice1 :ile /ill hot1 is p\r$ into !m4 ,if n[ clos$ ) corks simil>ly asepticiz$1 or by dipp+ into hot melt$ p>aff9e1 ! juice may be kept unalt]$ = ye>s4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to make ! juice at once into syrup1 us+ ! be/ ref9$ sug>1 & boil+ 9 a copp] kettle 7iron or t9 spoil ! color71 foll[+ ! usual precautions z to skimm+1 etc4 ,! syrup %\ld be p\r$ hot into ! bottles previ\sly heat$ z be=e describ$4 ,ripe fruit may be kept 9 suitable quantities = a consid]able "t if cov]$ ) a solution ( sac*>9e & left undi/urb$1 ?is1 too1 )\t det]iorat+ ! ta/e1 color1 or aroma ( ! fruit if pack$ ) c>e4 ,:ole fruit may be /or$ 9 bulk1 by c>efully & )\t fracture fill+ into conv5i5t-siz$ j>s or bottles1 & p\r+ !reon a solution conta9+ a qu>t] ( an ounce ( ref9$ sac*>9e to ! gallon ( wat]1 s fill+ ea* vessel t ! solution is )9 an in* ( ! cork :5 press$ into position4 ,! corks %\ld fir/ ( all be imm]s$ 9 melt$ p>aff9e wax1 !n dra9$1 & all[$ to cool4 ,:5 fruit juices alone are requir$ = /orage purposes !y are prep>$ by subject+ ! juicy fruits to consid]able pressure1 by :i* process ! juices are lib]at$4 ,! s\nd ripe fruits are cru%$ & pack$ into felt or flannel bags4 ,! fruit %\ld be c>efully select$1 rott5 or impair$ portions be+ c>efully remov$2 ?is is important1 or ! :ole /ock w\ld be spoil$4 ,sev]al me?ods are adopt$ = pres]v+ & cl>ify+ fruit juices4 ,a common way 9 :i* !y are kept f f]m5t+ is by ! use ( salicylic acid or o!r antiseptic sub/ance1 :i* de/roys ! f]m5tative g]m1 or o!rwise ret>ds its action = a consid]able "t4 ,! use ( ?is acid is s]i\sly object$ to by "s z injuri\s to ! consum]4 ,ab\t #b ounces ( salicylic acid1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 to #be gallons ( juice1 or #dj gra9s to ! gallon1 is g5]ally consid]$ ! prop] proportion4 ,ano!r me?od adopt$ is to fill ! fre%ly prep>$ cold juice into bottles until x rea*es ! necks1 & on ! top ( ?is fruit juice a little glyc]9e is plac$4 ,juices ?us pres]v$ w keep 9 an un*ang$ condition 9 any season4 ,probably "o ( ! be/ me?ods ( pres]v+ fruit juices is to add #ae p] c5t ( #ie p] c5t alcohol4 ,on su* an addition1 album5 & mucilag9\s matt] w be deposit$4 ,! juice may !n be /or$ 9 l>ge bottles1 j>s1 or b>rels1 if securely clos$1 & :5 cle>1 s t fur!r cl>ification is unnecess>y1 ! juice %\ld f9ally be decant$ or siphon$ (f4 ,a me?od applicable to mo/ b]ries is z foll[s3 ,take fre%1 ripe b]ries1 /em !m1 & rub ?r\gh a ,no4 #h sieve1 reject+ all s(t & gre5 fruit4 ,add to ea* gallon ( pulp ?us obta9$ #h p\nds ( granulat$ sug>4 ,put on ! fire & br+ j to a boil1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,j be=e remov+ f ! fire1 add to ea* gallon #a ounce ( a saturat$ alcoholic solution ( salicylic acid1 /irr+ well4 ,remove ! scum1 &1 :ile /ill hot1 put into j>s & h]metically seal4 ,put ! j>s 9 cold wat]1 & raise !m to ! boil+ po9t1 to prev5t !m f bur/+ by sudd5 expansion on p\r+ hot fruit into !m4 ,fill ! j>s entirely full1 s z to leave no air space :5 fruit cools & contracts4 ,prev5tion ( ,foam+ & ,p>tial ,c>amelization ( ,fruit ,juices4--,fre% fruit juices c>ry a notable am\nt ( free c>bonic acid1 :i* mu/ make its escape on heat+ ! liquid4 ,?is w d easily en\gh if ! juice be heat$ 9 its natural /ate1 b ! addition ( ! sug> s increases ! d5sity ( ! fluid t ! acid f9ds escape difficult1 & (t5 ! result is foam+4 ,z to ! burn+ or p>tial c>amelization ( #cab ! syrup1 t is easily acc\nt$ = 9 ! great] d5sity ( ! syrup at ! bottom ( ! kettle--! light] portion1 or t /ill c>ry+ imprison$ gases1 rema9+ on top until x is fre$ f !m4 ,con/ant /irr+ c prev5t ?is only p>tially1 s9ce x _c entirely ov]come ! results ( ! natural =ces 9 action4 ,! consequ5ce is m or less c>amelization4 ,! rem$y is v simple4 ,boil ! juices fir/1 add+ di/ill$ wat] to make up = ! loss by evaporation1 & add ! sug> aft]w>ds4 ,,ess5ces ,,& ,,extracts3 ,almond ,extracts4-- ,i4--,oil ( bitt] almonds #ij m9ims ,alcohol1 #id p] c5t1 quantity suffici5t to make #h ounces4 ,,ii4--,oil ( bitt] almonds #hj m9ims ,alcohol #g ounces ,di/ill$ wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #h ounces4 ,,iii4--,oil ( bitt] almonds1 depriv$ ( its hydrocyanic acid #a ounce ,alcohol #ae ounces ,9 ord] to remove ! hydrocyanic acid 9 oil ( bitt] almonds1 dissolve #b p>ts ( f]r\s sulphate 9 #af p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]2 9 ano!r vessel slake #a "p fre%ly burn$ quicklime 9 a simil> quantity ( di/ill$ wat]1 & to ?is add ! solution ( iron sulphate1 aft] ! same has cool$4 ,9 ! mixture put #d p>ts ( almond oil1 & ?or\ghly agitate ! liquids toge!r4 ,repeat ! agitation at an int]val ( #e m9utes1 !n filt]4 ,put ! filtrate into a glass retort & di/il until all ! oil has pass$ ov]4 ,remove any wat] t may be ) ! di/illate by decantation1 or o!rwise4 ,apricot ,extract4-- ,l9alyl =mate #ij m9ims ,glyc]9e #a ounce ,amyl val]ianate #d dra*ms ,alcohol #aa ounces ,fluid extract orris #a ounce ,wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #a p9t4 ,apple ,extract4-- ,glyc]9e #a ounce ,amyl val]ianate #d dra*ms ,l9alyl =mate #de m9ims ,fluid extract orris #a ounce ,alcohol #aa ounces ,wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #a p9t4 ,apple ,syrup4--,i4--,peel & remove ! cores (1 say1 #e p>ts ( apples & cut !m into little bits4 ,put 9 a suitable vessel & p\r ov] !m a mixture ( #e p>ts ea* ( common :ite w9e & wat]1 & let mac]ate toge!r = #e days at f #abe to #ace ,f41 ! vessel be+ clos$ dur+ ! "t4 ,!n /ra9 ! liquid ?r\gh a l95 clo?1 us+ g5tle pressure on ! solid matt]1 =c+ z mu* z possible ( x ?r\gh ! clo?4 ,boil #cj p>ts ( sug> & #bj p>ts ( wat] toge!r1 & :5 boil+ add to ! result+ syrup ! apple juice2 let x boil up = a m9ute or s1 & /ra9 ?r\gh flannel4 ,,ii4--,good ripe apples are cut into small pieces & p\nd$ to a pulp 9 a mort> ( any metal ) ! exception ( iron4 ,to #a "p ( ?is pulp add #aa p>ts ( wat]4 ,all[ ?is to /& = #ab h\rs4 ,colate4 ,to #aa p>ts ( ! colature add #a "p ( sug>4 ,boil = #e m9utes4 ,skim c>efully4 ,bottle slightly w>m4 ,a small quantity ( t>t>ic acid may be add$ to height5 ! flavor4 ,banana ,syrup4--,cut ! fruit 9 slices & place 9 a j>2 spr9kle ) sug> & cov] ! j>1 :i* is !n envelop$ 9 /raw & plac$ 9 cold wat] & ! latt] is heat$ to ! boil+ po9t4 ,! j> is !n remov$1 all[$ to cool1 & ! juice p\r$ into bottles4 ,c9namon ,ess5ce4-- ,oil ( c9namon #b dra*ms ,c9namon1 p[d]$ #d ounces ,alcohol1 deodoriz$ #af ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #af ounces ,dissolve ! oil 9 ! alcohol1 & add ! wat]1 an ounce at a "t1 ) agitation aft] ea* addition4 ,moi/5 ! c9namon ) a little ( ! wat]1 add1 & agitate4 ,cork tightly1 & put 9 a w>m place1 to mac]ate1 #b weeks1 giv+ ! flask a vigor\s agitation sev]al times a day4 ,f9ally1 filt] ?r\gh pap]1 & keep 9 small vials1 tightly /opp]$4 ,*ocolate ,extract4--,probably ! be/ =m ( *ocolate extract is made z foll[s3 ,curaao cocoa #djj p>ts ,vanilla1 *opp$ f9e #a "p ,alcohol ( #ee p] c5t #b1jjj p>ts ,mix & mac]ate toge!r = #ae days1 express & set aside4 ,pack ! residue 9 a p]colator1 & p\r on boil+ wat] 7s(t7 & p]colate until #ege p>ts pass ?r\gh4 ,put ! p]colate #cac 9 a flask1 cork1 & let cool1 !n mix ) ! alcoholic extract4 ,if x be desir$ to make a syrup1 be=e mix+ ! extract1 add #a1jjj p>ts ( sug> to ! p]colate1 & ) g5tle heat dissolve ! sug>4 ,mix ! syrup ?us =m$1 aft] cool+1 ) ! alcoholic extract4 ,c(fee ,extracts4--,9 mak+ c(fee extract1 c>e mu/ be us$ to avoid extract+ ! bitt] prop]ties ( ! c(fee1 z ?is is :]e mo/ manufactur]s fail2 9 try+ to get a /rong extract !y succe$ only 9 gett+ a bitt] "o4 ,i4--,! c(fee %\ld be a mixture ( ,mo*a1 #c p>ts2 ,old ,gov]nm5t ,java1 #e p>ts2 or1 z "s pref]1 ,mo*a1 #c p>ts2 ,java1 #c p>ts2 be/ old ,rio1 #b p>ts4 ,c(fee1 fre%ly roa/$ & pulv]iz$ #ajj p>ts ,boil+ wat] #fjj p>ts ,pack ! c(fee1 moi/5$ ) boil+ wat]1 9 a /ra9]1 or dipp]1 plac$ 9 a vessel /&+ 9 ! wat] ba? at boil+ po9t1 & let #djj p>ts ( ! wat]1 9 active ebullition1 pass sl[ly ?r\gh x4 ,draw (f ! liquid z quickly z possible 7be/ into a vessel previ\sly heat$ by boil+ wat] to ne>ly ! boil+ po9t71 add #bjj p>ts ( boil+ wat]1 & pass ! :ole aga9 ?r\gh ! /ra9] 7! conta9] rema9+ 9 ! wat] ba?74 ,remove f ! ba?2 add #edj p>ts ( sug>1 & dissolve by agitation :ile /ill hot4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ is bas$ ^u ,liebig's me?od ( mak+ c(fee = table use3 ,moi/5 #ej p>ts ( c(fee1 fre%ly roa/$ & p[d]$ z be=e1 ) cold wat]1 & add to x a little egg album5 & /ir 94 ,p\r ov] ! :ole #djj p>ts ( boil+ wat]1 set on ! fire1 & let come to a boil4 ,z ! liquid foams1 /ir d[n ) a spoon1 b let x come to a boil = a mom5t2 add a little cold wat]1 cov] tightly1 & set aside 9 a w>m place4 ,exhau/ ! residual c(fee ) #cjj p>ts ( boil+ wat]1 z detail$ 9 ! fir/ process1 & to ! filtrate add c>efully ! n[ cl>ifi$ extract1 up to #fjj p>ts1 by add+ boil+ wat]4 ,proce$ to make ! syrup by ! me?od detail$ above4 ,,iii4--,to make a m p]man5t extract ( c(fee saturate #fjj p>ts ( fre%ly roa/$ c(fee1 gr\nd mod]ately f9e1 ) any desir$ quantity ( a #a 9 #c mixture ( alcohol ( #id p] c5t & di/ill$ wat]1 & pack 9 a p]colator4 ,close ! faucet & let /&1 closely /opp]$1 = #bd h\rs2 !n p\r on ! residue ( ! alcohol & wat]1 & let run ?r\gh1 add+ suffici5t wat]1 at ! la/1 s z to comp5sate = :at boils away4 ,set ?is aside1 & cont9ue ! p]colation1 ) boil+ wat]1 until ! p[d] is exhau/$4 ,evaporate ! resultant p]colate d[n to ! consi/5cy ( ! alcoholic extract1 & mix ! two4 ,if desir$1 ! result may be evaporat$ d[n to condition ( an extract4 ,to dissolve1 add boil+ wat]4 ,,iv4--,?is ess5ce is expressly adapt$ to boil+ purposes4 ,take #c p\nds ( good c(fee1 #d ounces ( granulat$ sug>1 #d p9ts ( pure alcohol1 #f p9ts ( hot wat]4 ,h c(fee fre% roa/$ & ( a m$ium gr9d+4 ,pack 9 a glass p]colator1 & p]colate x ) a m5/ruum1 consi/+ ( ! wat] & ! alcohol4 ,repeat ! p]colation until ! desir$ /r5g? is obta9$1 or ! c(fee exhau/$2 !n add ! sug> & filt]4 ,v4--,mo*a c(fee #a p\nd ,java c(fee #a p\nd ,glyc]9e1 quantity suffici5t4 ,wat]1 quantity suffici5t4 ,gr9d ! two c(fees f9e1 & mix1 !n moi/5 ) a mixture ( #a "p ( glyc]9e & #c p>ts ( wat]1 & pack 9 a glass p]colator1 & p]colate sl[ly until #cj ounces ( ! p]colate is obta9$4 ,x is a m complete extraction if ! m5/ruum be p\r$ on 9 ! condition ( boil+1 & x be all[$ to mac]ate = #bj m9utes be=e p]colation comm5ces4 ,c(fee extract %\ld1 by pref]5ce1 be made 9 a glass p]colator4 ,a glyc]9e m5/ruum is pref]able to "o ( dilute alcohol1 giv+ a f9] product4 ,,vi4--,c(fee1 ,java1 roa/$1 ,no4 #bj p[d] #d ounces ,glyc]9e1 pure #d fluid\nces ,wat]1 quantity suffici5t4 ,boil+1 quantity suffici5t4 ,moi/5 ! c(fee slightly ) wat]1 & pack firmly 9 a t9 p]colator2 p\r on wat]1 gradually1 until #d fluid\nces are obta9$1 !n set aside4 ,place ! c(fee 9 a clean t9 vessel1 ) #h fluid\nces ( wat]1 & boil = #e m9utes4 ,aga9 place ! c(fee 9 ! p]colator ) ! wat] 7infusion71 & :5 ! liquid has pass$1 or dra9$ (f1 pack ! gr\nds firmly1 & p\r on boil+ wat] until #h fluid\nces are obta9$4 ,:5 cold1 mix ! fir/ product1 & add ! glyc]9e1 bottle1 & cork well4 ,! excell5ce ( ?is extract ( c(fee1 f ! mann] ( its prep>ation1 w be f\nd by exp]i5ce to be incomp>ably sup]ior to t made by ! #cad =mulas usually recomm5d$1 ! reason be+ app>5t 9 ! fir/ /ep 9 ! process4 ,c(fee ,ess5ce4-- ,be/ gr\nd ,mo*a c(fee #d p\nds ,be/ gr\nd *icory #b p\nds ,boil ) #b gallons ( wat] 9 a clos$ vessel & :5 cold1 /ra91 press1 & make up to #b gallons1 & to ?is add ,rectifi$ _s ( w9e #h ounces ,pure glyc]9e 7fluid7 #af ounces ,add syrup en\gh to make #d gallons1 & mix intimately4 ,cucumb] ,ess5ce4--,press ! juice f cucumb]s1 mix ) an equal volume ( alcohol & di/il4 ,if ! di/illate is n suffici5tly p]fum$1 m juice may be add$ & ! mixture di/ill$4 ,x is said t ! ess5ce ?us prep>$ w n spoil :5 mix$ ) fats 9 ! prep>ation ( cosmetics4 ,fruit ,jelly ,extract4--,fill into sep>ate pap] bags3 ,m$ium f9ely p[d]$ gelat9 #ah p>ts ,m$ium f9ely p[d]$ citric acid #c p>ts ,likewise into a glass bottle a mixture ( any desir$ ,fruit ess5ce #a "p ,_s ( w9e #a "p & dissolve 9 ! mixture = obta9+ ! desir$ color1 raspb]ry r$ or lemon yell[1 #a_/aj "p4 ,= use1 dissolve ! gelat9 & ! citric acid 9 boil+ wat]1 add+ ,sug> #abe p>ts & mix+ be=e cool+ ) ! fruit ess5ce mixture4 ,g+] ,extracts4--,! foll[+ is an excell5t me?od ( prep>+ a soluble ess5ce or extract ( g+]3 ,i4--,jamaica g+] #bd ounces ,rectifi$ spirits1 #fj p] c5t #de ounces ,wat] #ae ounces ,mix & let mac]ate toge!r ) frequ5t agitations = #aj days1 !n p]colate1 press (f1 & filt]4 ,! yield %\ld be #de ounces4 ,( ?is take #dj ounces & mix ) an equal am\nt ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,dissolve #f dra*ms ( sodium phosphate 9 #e ounces ( boil+ wat]2 let cool & add ! solution to ! filtrate & wat]1 mix+ well4 ,add #b dra*ms ( calcium *loride dissolv$ 9 #e ounces ( wat]1 ne>ly cold1 & aga9 ?or\ghly %ake ! :ole4 ,let /& = #ab h\rs2 !n filt]4 ,put ! filtrate 9 a /ill1 & di/il (f1 at z sl[ a temp]ature z possible1 #cj ounces4 ,set ?is di/illate to "o side1 & cont9ue ! di/illation till ano!r #dj ounces h pass$1 !n let ! /ill cool4 ,! residue 9 ! /ill1 "s #ah ounces1 is ! desir$ ess5ce4 ,p\r out all t is possible & wa% ! /ill ) ! #cj ounces ( di/illate fir/ set aside4 ,?is takes up all t is ess5tial4 ,f9ally1 filt] once m1 ?r\gh d\ble filt] pap] & pres]ve ! filtrate--ab\t #dj ounces1 ( an amb]-color$ liquid conta9+ all ( ! ess5tials ( ,jamaica g+]4 ,soluble ,ess5ce ( ,g+]4--,,ii4--,! foll[+ is ,h>rop's me?od ( proce$+3 ,fluid extract ( g+] 7,u4,s47 #d ounces ,pumice1 9 mod]ately f9e p[d] #a ounce ,wat] en\gh to make #ab ounces ,p\r ! fluid extract into a bottle1 add ! pumice & %ake ! mixture & repeat ! %ak+ 9 ! c\rse ( sev]al h\rs4 ,n[ add ! wat] 9 proportion ( ab\t #b ounces1 %ak+ well & frequ5tly aft] ea* addition4 ,:5 all is add$ repeat ! agitation occasionally dur+ #bd h\rs1 !n filt]1 return+ ! la/ portion ( ! filtrate until x comes ?r\gh cle>1 & if necess>y add suffici5t wat] to make #ab ounces4 ,,iii4--,jamaica g+]1 gr\nd #b p\nds ,pumice /one1 gr\nd #b ounces ,lime1 slak$ #b ounces ,alcohol1 dilute #d p9ts ,rub ! g+] ) ! pumice /one & lime until ?or\ghly mix$4 ,moi/5 ) ! dilute alcohol until saturat$ & place 9 a n>r[ p]colator1 be+ c>eful n to use =ce 9 pack+1 b simply putt+ x 9 to obta9 ! position ( a p[d] to be p]colat$1 s t ! m5/ruum w g ?r\gh uni=mly4 ,f9ally1 add ! dilute alcohol & proce$ until #d p9ts ( p]colate are obta9$4 ,all[ ! liquid to /& = #bd h\rs2 !n filt] if necess>y4 ,,iv4--,t9cture g+] #dhj p>ts ,t9cture capsicum #ab p>ts ,oleores9 g+] #h p>ts ,magnesium c>bonate #af p>ts ,rub ! oleores9 ) ! magnesia1 & add ! t9ctures2 add ab\t #djj #cae p>ts ( wat]1 9 divid$ portions1 /irr+ vigor\sly ! :ile4 ,transf] ! mixture to a bottle1 & all[ to /& #a week1 %ak+ frequ5tly2 !n filt]1 & make up #ifj p>ts ) wat]4 ,v4--,fluid extract ( g+] 7,u4 ,s4 ,p47 #d ounces ,pumice1 p[d]$ & wa%$ #a ounce ,wat] en\gh to make #ab ounces ,p\r ! fluid extract ( g+] into a bottle1 & add ! pumice1 %ake ?or\ghly1 set aside1 & repeat ! op]ation 9 ! c\rse ( sev]al h\rs4 ,add ! wat]1 9 ! proportion ( ab\t #b ounces at a "t1 agitat+ vigor\sly aft] ea* addition4 ,:5 all is add$1 repeat ! agitation occasionally dur+ #bd h\rs1 !n filt]1 return+ ! fir/ portion ( ! filtrate until x comes ?r\gh bright & cle>4 ,if necess>y1 pass wat] ?r\gh ! filt]1 en\gh to make #ab fluid\nces ( filtrate4 ,,vi4--,/ronge/ t9cture ( g+] #a p9t ,fre% slak$ lime4 #a #a_/b ounces ,salt ( t>t> #a_/d ounce ,,vii4--,jamaica g+]1 gr\nd #cb p>ts ,pumice /one1 p[d]$ #cb p>ts ,lime1 slak$ #b p>ts ,alcohol1 dilute1 suffici5t to make #cb p>ts ,rub ! g+] ) ! pumice /one & lime1 !n moi/5 ) alcohol until x is saturat$ ) x4 ,put 9 a n>r[ p]colator1 us+ no =ce 9 pack+4 ,all[ ! mass to /& = #bd h\rs1 !n let run ?r\gh4 ,filt] if necess>y4 ,,viii4--,! foll[+ is insoluble3 ,co*9 g+]1 cut f9e #a1jjj p>ts ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #b1ejj p>ts ,wat] #a1bej p>ts ,glyc]9e #bej p>ts ,dige/ toge!r = #h days 9 a v w>m1 n to say hot1 place4 ,decant1 press (f ! roots1 & add to ! colature1 !n filt] ?r\gh pap]4 ,?is makes a /rong1 natural ta/+ ess5ce4 ,,ix4--,gre5 ,g+] ,extract4--,! gre5 g+] root is fre$ f ! epid]mis & surface dri$ by exposure to ! air = a few h\rs4 ,x is !n cut into ?9 slices & mac]at$ = "s days ) an equal weight ( rectifi$ _s1 :i* :5 filt]$ w yield an ess5ce possess+ a v f9e aroma & =m+ an almo/ p]fectly cle> solution 9 wat]4 ,if ! g+] is all[$ to dry m ?an ! few h\rs m5tion$ x w n produce a soluble ess5ce4 ,x is us$ 9 "s ( ! import$ g+] ales z a flavor+ only1 & makes a lovely g+] flavor4 ,hop ,syrup4--,a palatable prep>ation n inf]ior to _m ( ! s-call$ hop bitt]s3 ,hops #b p>ts ,d&elion #b p>ts ,g5tian #b p>ts ,*amomile #b p>ts ,/ill+ia #b p>ts ,orange peel #b p>ts ,alcohol #ge p>ts ,wat] #ge p>ts ,syrup1 simple #ej p>ts ,co>sely p[d] ! drugs & exhau/ ) ! wat] & alcohol mix$4 ,decant1 press out & filt]1 & f9ally add ! syrup4 ,! dose is a w9eglassful #b or #c times daily4 ,lemon ,ess5ces4--,i4--,mac]ate ! cut-up fre% peel+s ( #dj lemons & #cj ,*9a oranges 9 #h qu>ts ( alcohol & #b qu>ts ( wat]1 = #b or #c days1 !n di/il (f #h qu>ts4 ,e #ajj p>ts ( ?is di/illate is mix$ ) #ge p>ts ( citric acid dissolv$ 9 #bjj p>ts ( wat]1 color$ ) a trace ( orange & filt]$ ?r\gh talc4 ,ea* #bjj p>ts ( ! filtrate is !n mix$ ) #b qu>ts ( syrup4 ,,ii4--,tw5ty-five middle-siz$ lemons are ?9ly peel$1 ! peel+s f9ely cut1 & ! :ole1 lemons & peels1 put to mac]ate 9 a mixture ( #c p9ts #ij p] c5t alcohol & #e qu>ts wat]4 ,let mac]ate = #bd h\rs4 ,add #aj drops lemon & #aj drops orange oil2 !n sl[ly di/il (f #d qu>ts4 ,! di/illate w be turbid1 b if left to /& 9 a cool1 d>k place = a week x w filt] (f cle>1 & %\ld make a cle> mixture ) equal p>ts ( wat] & simple syrup4 ,if x does n1 add ) a pipette1 drop by drop1 suffici5t alcohol to make x d s4 ,f9ally1 dissolve 9 ! mixture #d dra*ms ( vanill91 & color ) a few drops ( t9cture ( turm]ic & a little c>amel4 ,,iii4--,peel ?9ly & lightly1 #be m$ium-siz$ fre% lemons & #a orange1 & cut ! peel+s into v small pieces4 ,mac]ate 9 #ee dra*ms #if p] c5t alcohol1 = #f h\rs4 ,filt] (f ! mac]ate )\t press+4 ,dilute ! filtrate ) #c p9ts wat] & set aside = eight days1 %ak+ frequ5tly4 ,at #caf ! end ( ?is "t filt]4 ,! filtrate is usually cle>1 & if s1 add #d dra*ms ( vanill94 ,if n1 proce$ z 9 ! second =mula above4 ,,iv4--,oil ( lemon1 select1 #h fluid\nces2 oil ( lemon grass 7fre%71 #a fluidra*m2 peel1 fre%ly grat$1 ( #ab lemons2 alcohol1 #g p9ts2 boil$ wat]1 #a p9t4 ,mix & mac]ate = #g days4 ,if 9 a hurry = ! product1 p]colate ?r\gh ! lemon peel & filt]4 ,! addition ( any o!r sub/ance ?an ! oil & r9d ( ! lemon is n recomm5d$4 ,v4--,fre% oil ( lemon #fd p>ts ,lemon peel 7out] r9d7 fre%ly grat$ #cb p>ts ,oil ( lemon grass #a "p ,alcohol #ejj p>ts ,mix1 let mac]ate = #ad days1 & filt]4 ,,vi4--,ess5ce ( lemon #a #c_/d ounces ,rectifi$ _s ( w9e #f ounces ,pure glyc]9e #c ounces ,pure phosphate calcium #d ounces ,di/ill$ wat] to make #a p9t4 ,mix ess5ce ( lemon1 _s ( w9e1 glyc]9e1 & #h ounces ( di/ill$ wat]1 agitate briskly 9 a qu>t bottle = #aj m9utes1 & introduce phosphate ( calcium & aga9 %ake4 ,put 9 a filt] & let x pass ?r\gh twice4 ,dige/ 9 filtrate = #b or #c days1 add #a #a_/b ounces fre% lemon peel1 & aga9 filt]4 ,,vii4--,oil ( lemon #f p>ts ,lemon peel 7fre%ly grat$7 #d p>ts ,alcohol1 suffici5t4 ,dissolve ! oil ( lemon 9 #ij p>ts ( alcohol1 add ! lemon peel1 & mac]ate = #bd h\rs4 ,filt] ?r\gh pap]1 add+ ?r\gh ! filt] en\gh alcohol to make ! filtrate weigh #ajj p>ts4 ,,viii4--,ext]ior r9d ( lemon #b ounces ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t1 deodoriz$ #cb ounces ,oil ( lemon1 rec5t #c fluid\nces ,expose ! lemon r9d to ! air until p]fectly dry1 !n bruise 9 a w$gwood mort>1 & add x to ! alcohol1 agitat+ until ! color is extract$2 !n add ! lemon oil4 ,natural ,lemon ,juice4--,i4--,take #d4bj p>ts ( cry/alliz$ citric acid2 #b p>ts ess5ce ( lemons2 #c p>ts ( alcohol ( #if p] c5t2 #a_/b "p calcium c>bonate2 #ej #a_/bj p>ts sodium phosphate1 & #a_/bjj "p calcium citrate1 & dissolve ! :ole 9 suffici5t wat] to make #fj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,squeeze out ! lemon juice1 /ra9 x to get rid ( ! se$s & l>g] p>ticles ( pulp1 etc41 heat x to ! boil+ po9t1 let x cool d[n1 add talc1 %ake well toge!r & filt]4 ,if x is to be kept a long "t 7z on a sea voyage7 a little alcohol is add$4 ,limejuice4--,?is may be cl>ifi$ by heat+ x ei!r alone or mix$ ) a small quantity ( egg album51 9 a suitable vessel1 )\t /irr+1 to ne> ! boil+ po9t ( wat]1 until ! impurities h coagulat$ & ei!r ris5 to ! top or sunk to ! bottom4 ,x is !n filt]$ into clean bottles1 :i* %\ld be completely fill$ & clos$ 7) po9t$ corks71 s t ea* cork has to displace a portion ( ! liquid to be ins]t$4 ,! bottles are seal$ & kept at an ev5 temp]ature 79 a cell>74 ,9 ?is way ! juice may be satisfactorily pres]v$4 ,nutmeg ,ess5ce4--,oil ( nutmeg1 #b dra*ms2 mace1 9 p[d]1 #a ounce2 alcohol1 #ie p] c5t1 deodoriz$1 #cb ounces4 ,dissolve ! oil 9 ! alcohol by agitation1 add ! mace1 agitate1 !n /opp] tightly1 & mac]ate #ab h\rs4 ,filt] ?r\gh pap]4 ,orange ,extract4--,grat$ peel ( #bd oranges2 alcohol1 #a qu>t2 wat]1 #a qu>t2 oil ( orange1 #d dra*ms4 ,mac]ate ! orange peel & oil ( orange ) alcohol = #b weeks4 ,add di/ill$ wat] & filt]4 ,orange ,extract1 ,soluble4--,i4--,pure oil ( orange1 #a #a_/d fluid\nces2 c>bonate ( magnesium1 #b ounces2 alcohol1 #ab fluid\nces2 wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #b p9ts4 ,,ii4--,dissolve oil ( orange 9 ! alcohol1 & rub x ) ! c>bonate ( magnesium1 9 a mort>4 ,p\r ! mixture into a qu>t bottle1 & fill ! bottle ) wat]4 ,all[ to mac]ate = a week or m1 %ak+ e day4 ,!n filt] ?r\gh pap]1 add+ en\gh wat] ?r\gh ! pap] to make filtrate measure #b p9ts4 ,orange ,peel1 ,soluble ,extract4-- ,fre%ly grat$ orange r9d #a "p ,deodoriz$ alcohol #a "p ,mac]ate = #d days & express4 ,add ! express$ liquid to #aj p] c5t ( its weight ( p[d]$ magnesium c>bonate #cag 9 a mort>1 & rub ?or\ghly until a smoo?1 creamy mixture results2 !n gradually add ! wat]1 con/antly /irr+4 ,let /& = #dh h\rs1 !n filt] ?r\gh pap]4 ,keep 9 an amb] bottle & cool place4 ,to make syrup ( orange1 add #a "p ( ?is extract to #g p>ts ( heavy simple syrup4 ,pea* ,extract4-- ,l9alyl =mate #abj m9ims ,amyl val]ianate #h dra*ms ,fluid extract orris #b ounces ,o5an?ic e!r #b dra*ms ,oil rue 7pure ,g]man7 #cj m9ims ,*lor(orm #b dra*ms ,glyc]9e #b ounces ,alcohol1 #gj p] c5t1 to #c p9ts4 ,p9eapple ,ess5ce4--,a ripe1 b n too s(t1 p9eapple1 weigh+ ab\t1 say1 #a p\nd1 is ma%$ up 9 a mort> ) ,tokay w9e1 #f ounces4 ,! mass is !n br\ght into a flask ) #a p9t ( wat]1 & all[$ to /& #b h\rs4 ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t1 #c_/d p9t1 is !n add$ & ! mixture di/ill$ until #g qu>ts ( di/illate h be5 collect$4 ,cognac1 #i ounces1 is !n add$ to ! di/illation4 ,pi/a*io ,ess5ce4-- ,i4--,ess5ce ( almond #b fluid\nces ,t9cture ( vanilla #d fluid\nces ,oil ( n]oli #a drop ,,ii4--,oil ( orange peel #d fluidra*ms ,oil ( cassia #a fluidra*m ,oil ( bitt] almond #ae m9ims ,oil ( calamus #ae m9ims ,oil ( nutmeg #a #a_/b fluidra*ms ,oil ( clove #cj m9ims ,alcohol #ab fluid\nces ,wat] #d fluid\nces ,magnesium c>bonate #b dra*ms ,%ake toge!r1 all[ to /& #bd h\rs1 & filt]4 ,pomegranate ,ess5ce4-- ,oil ( sweet orange #c p>ts ,oil ( cloves #c p>ts ,t9cture ( vanilla #ae p>ts ,t9cture ( g+] #aj p>ts ,m>as*9o liqueur #aej p>ts ,t9cture ( coccionella #afe p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #aej p>ts ,phosphoric acid1 dilute #de p>ts ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t1 quantity suffici5t to make #ajjj p>ts4 ,mix & dissolve4 ,qu9ce ,extract4-- ,fluid extract orris #b ounces ,o5an?ic e!r #a #a_/b ounces ,l9alyl =mate #ij m9ims ,glyc]9e #b ounces ,alcohol1 #gj p] c5t1 to #c p9ts4 ,raspb]ry ,syrup1 )\t ,alcohol or ,antiseptics4--,! majority ( produc]s ( fruit juices are firmly conv9c$ t ! pres]vation ( ^! juices )\t ! addition ( alcohol1 salicylic acid1 etc41 is impossible4 ,h]r ,/e9]'s process to ! contr>y is "h reproduc$3 ,! fruit is cru%$ & press$2 ! juice1 ) #b p] c5t ( sug> add$1 is p\r$ into conta9]s to ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( _! capacity1 & !re all[$ to f]m5t4 ,! conta9]s are /opp]$ ) a cork ?r\gh :i* runs a tube1 ^: op5 end is protect$ by a bit ( gum tub+1 ! extremity ( :i* is imm]s$ 9 a glass fill$ ) wat]4 ,x %\ld n g deep] ?an #d_/aj ( an in* high4 ,! evolution ( c>bonic gas beg9s 9 ab\t #d h\rs & is s %>p t ! po9t ( ! tube mu/ n be imm]s$ any deep]4 ,ord9>ily f]m5tation ceases on ! t5? day1 a fact t may be asc]ta9$ by %ak+ ! conta9] %>ply1 :51 if x has ceas$1 no bubbles ( gas w appe> on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,! f]m5t$ juice is !n filt]$ to get rid ( ! pect9ic matt]s1 yea/1 etc41 & ! filtrate %\ld be p\r$ back on ! filt] sev]al times4 ,! juice filt]s quickly & comes (f v cle>4 ,! necess>y am\nt ( sug> to make a syrup is n[ add$ to ! liquid & all[$ to dissolve gradually = #ab h\rs4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t ! liquid is put on ! fire & all[$ to boil up at once1 by :i* op]ation ! solution ( ! sug> is made complete4 ,/ra9+ ?r\gh a t9 /ra9] & fill+ into heat$ bottles completes ! process4 ,! addition ( sug> to ! fre%ly press$ juice has ! advantage ( caus+ ! f]m5tation to progress to ! full limit1 & also to pres]ve1 by ! alcohol produc$ by f]m5tation1 ! beautiful r$ color ( ! juice4 ,any f]m5tation t may be p]mitt$ prior to ! press+ out ( ! juices is at ! exp5se ( aroma & flavor2 b :e!r f]m5tation occurs be=e or aft] pressure ( ! b]ry1 ! ord9>y alcohol te/ _c det]m9e :e!r ! juice has be5 completely f]m5t$ 7& consequ5tly :e!r ! pect9s h be5 completely sep>at$7 or n4 ,s9ce1 9 spite ( ! fact t ! liquid rema9s limpid aft] #d days' #cah f]m5tation1 ! production ( alcohol is progress+ all ! "t--a demon/ration t f]m5tation _c !n be complet$1 & t at lea/ #aj days w be requir$ = ?is purpose4 ,an abortive raspb]ry syrup is always due to an incomplete or faulty f]m5tation1 = too (t5 does x occur t incompletely f]m5t$ juices aft] a little "t lose color & become turbid4 ,! habit ( cl>ify+ juices by %ak+ up ) a bit ( pap]1 talc1 etc41 or boil+ ) album5 is a useless wa/e ( "t & labor4 ,by ! process indicat$ ! entire process ( cl>ification occurs automatically1 s to speak4 ,deep ,r$ ,raspb]ry ,syrup4--,a mu* deep] & ri*] color ?an t ord9>ily atta9$ may be secur$ by add+ to cru%$ raspb]ries1 be=e f]m5tation1 small quantities ( sug>1 sift$ ov] ! surface 9 lay]s4 ,! e?ylic alcohol produc$ by f]m5tation 9 ?is mann] aids 9 ! extraction ( ! r$ color+ matt] ( ! fruit4 ,moreov]1 ! f]m5t$ juice %\ld nev] be cook$ ov] a fire1 b by sup]heat$ /eam4 ,only 9 ?is way c c>amelization be completely avoid$4 ,only sug> free f ultram>9e & *alk %\ld be us$ 9 mak+ ! syrup1 z ^! impurities also h a bad influ5ce on ! color4 ,raspb]ry ,ess5ces4-- ,i4--,raspb]ries1 fre% #af ounces ,angelica 7,cali=nia7 #f fluid\nces ,br&y 7,cali=nia7 #f ounces ,alcohol #f ounces ,wat]1 quantity suffici5t4 ,ma% ! b]ries to a pulp 9 a mort> or b[l1 & transf] to a flask1 along ) ! ,angelica1 br&y1 alcohol1 & ab\t #h ounces ( wat]4 ,let mac]ate ov]night1 !n di/il (f until #cb ounces h pass$ ov]4 ,color r$4 ,! addition ( a trifle ( ess5ce ( vanilla improves ?is ess5ce4 ,,ii4--,fre% raspb]ries #bjj grams ,wat]1 di/ill$ #ajj grams ,vanilla ess5ce #b grams ,pulp ! raspb]ries1 let /& at a temp]ature ( ab\t #gj ,f4 = #dh h\rs1 & !n add #ajj grams ( wat]4 ,fifty grams are !n di/ill$ (f1 & alcohol1 #ij p] c5t1 #be grams1 9 :i* #j4ja vanill9 has be5 previ\sly dissolv$1 is add$ to ! di/illate4 ,s>sap>illa1 ,soluble ,extract4-- ,pure oil ( w9t]gre5 #e fluidra*ms ,pure oil ( sassafras #e fluidra*ms ,pure oil ( anise #e fluidra*ms ,c>bonate ( magnesium #b #a_/b ounces ,alcohol #a p9t ,wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #b p9ts4 ,dissolve ! v>i\s oils 9 ! alcohol1 & rub ) c>bonate ( magnesium 9 a mort>4 ,p\r ! mixture into a qu>t bottle1 & fill ! bottle ) wat]4 ,all[ to mac]ate = a week or m1 %ak+ e day4 ,!n filt] ?r\gh ! pap]1 add+ en\gh wat] ?r\gh ! pap] to make ! f9i%$ product measure #b p9ts4 ,/rawb]ry ,juice4--,put into ! wat] ba? #a1jjj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat] & #fjj p>ts ( sug> & boil1 ) con/ant skimm+1 until no m scum arises4 ,add #e p>ts ( citric acid & cont9ue ! boil+ until ab\t #a1bej p>ts are left4 ,/ir 91 little by little1 #ejj p>ts ( fre% /rawb]ries1 prop]ly /emm$1 & be p>ticul>ly c>eful n to cru% ! fruit4 ,:5 all ! b]ries are add$1 cov] ! vessel1 remove f ! fire1 put into a w>m place & let /&1 closely cov]$1 = #c h\rs1 or until ! mass has cool$ d[n to ! surr\nd+ temp]ature1 !n /ra9 (f ?r\gh flannel1 be+ c>eful n to cru% ! b]ries4 ,prep>e a suffici5t numb] ( p9t bottles by fill+ !m ) w>m wat]1 putt+ !m into a kettle ( ! same & heat+ !m to boil+1 !n rapidly empty+ & dra9+ z quickly z possible4 ,into ^! p\r ! hot juice1 cork & seal ! bottles z rapidly z possible4 ,juice ?us prep>$ reta9s all ! aroma & flavor ( ! fre% b]ry1 & if c>efully cork$ & seal$ up w reta9 its prop]ties a ye>4 ,/rawb]ry ,ess5ce4-- ,/rawb]ries1 fre% #af ounces ,angelica 7,cali=nia7 #f fluid\nces ,br&y 7,cali=nia7 #f ounces ,alcohol #h ounces ,wat]1 quantity suffici5t4 ,ma% ! b]ries to a pulp 9 a mort> or b[l1 & transf] to a flask1 along ) ! ,angelica1 br&y1 alcohol1 & ab\t #h ounces ( wat]4 ,let mac]ate ov]night1 !n di/il (f until #cb ounces h pass$ ov]4 ,color /rawb]ry r$4 ,! addition ( a little ess5ce ( vanilla & a h9t ( lemon improves ?is ess5ce4 #cai ,tea ,extract4-- ,i4--,be/ ,s\*ong tea #age p>ts ,c9namon #c p>ts ,cloves #c p>ts ,vanilla #a "p ,arrack #hjj p>ts ,rum #bjj p>ts ,co>sely p[d] ! c9namon1 clove1 etc41 mix ! +r$i5ts1 & let mac]ate = #c days1 !n filt]1 press (f1 & make up to #a1jjj p>ts1 if necess>y1 by add+ rum4 ,! ,s\*ong may be replac$ by any o!r br& ( tea1 & ! place ( ! arrack may be occupi$ by ,santa ,cruz1 or ,new ,engl& rum4 ,! addition ( fluid extract ( kola nut n only improves ! ta/e1 b gives ! dr9k a rem>kably /imulat+ prop]ty4 ,! prep>ation makes a cle> solution ) ei!r hot or cold wat] & keeps well4 ,,ii4--,tea1 any desirable v>iety1 #af ounces2 glyc]9e1 #d ounces2 hot wat]1 #d p9ts2 wat]1 suffici5t to make #a p9t4 ,r$uce ! tea to a p[d]1 moi/5 ) suffici5t ( ! glyc]9e & alcohol mix$1 ) #d ounces ( wat] add$1 pack 9 p]colator1 & p\r on ! alcohol 7dilut$ ) glyc]9e & wat]7 until #ab ounces ( p]colate h be5 obta9$4 ,set ?is aside1 & complete ! p]colation ) ! hot wat]4 ,:5 ?is has pass$ ?r\gh1 evaporate to #d ounces1 & add x to ! p]colate fir/ obta9$4 ,tonka ,extract4-- ,tonka beans #a ounce ,magnesium c>bonate1 quantity suffici5t4 ,balsam ( ,p]u #b dra*ms ,sug> #d ounces ,alcohol #h ounces ,wat] suffici5t to make #af ounces4 ,mix ! tonka1 balsam ( ,p]u1 & magnesia1 & rub toge!r1 gradually add+ ! sug> until a homog5e\s p[d] is obta9$4 ,pack 9 a p]colator2 mix ! alcohol ) an equal am\nt ( wat]1 & p\r ov] ! p[d]1 close ! exit ( ! p]colator1 & let mac]ate = #bd to #cf h\rs1 !n op5 ! p]colator1 & let pass ?r\gh1 gradually add+ wat] until #af ounces pass ?r\gh4 ,vanilla ,extracts4--,i4--,vanilla1 9 f9e bits1 #bej p>ts1 is put into #a1cej p>ts ( mixture1 ( #b1ejj p>ts #ie p] c5t alcohol1 & #a1ejj p>ts di/ill$ wat]4 ,cov] tightly1 put on ! wat] ba?1 & dige/ = #a h\r1 at #adj ,f4 ,p\r (f ! liquid & set aside4 ,to ! residue 9 ! ba?1 add half ! rema9+ wat]1 & treat 9 ! same mann]4 ,pack ! vanilla 9 an extraction app>atus1 & treat ) #bej p>ts ( alcohol & wat]1 mix$ 9 ! same proportions z be=e4 ,mix ! results ( ! ?ree infusions fir/ made1 filt]1 & wa% ! filt] pap] ) ! results ( ! p]colation1 all[+ ! filt]$ p]colate to m+le ) ! filtrate ( ! mix$ infusions4 ,,ii4--,take #fj p>ts ( ! be/ vanilla beans1 cut into little pieces1 & put into a deep vessel1 wrapp$ ) a clo? to reta9 ! heat z long z possible4 ,%ake ov] ! vanilla #a "p ( potassium c>bonate 9 p[d]1 & imm$iately add #bdj p>ts di/ill$ wat]1 9 an active /ate ( ebullition4 ,cov] ! vessel closely1 set aside until x is completely cold1 & !n add #gbj p>ts alcohol4 ,cov] closely1 & set aside 9 a mod]ately w>m place = #ae days1 :5 ! liquid is /ra9$ (f1 ! residue press$1 & ! :ole colate filt]$4 ,! addition ( #a "p musk to ! vanilla be=e p\r+ on ! hot wat] improves ?is ess5ce4 ,to prep>e vanilla f\nta9 syrup ) extracts ,i or ,,ii1 mix #be m9ims ( ! extract ) #a p9t simple syrup4 ,color ) c>amel4 ,,iii4--,vanilla beans1 cut f9e #a ounce ,sug> #c ounces ,alcohol1 #ej p] c5t #a p9t ,beat sug> & vanilla toge!r to a f9e p[d]4 ,p\r on ! dilute alcohol1 cork ! vessel1 & let /& = #b weeks1 %ak+ x up #b or #c times a day4 ,,iv4--,vanilla beans1 *opp$ f9e #cj p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #a "p ,boil+ wat] #a1dej p>ts ,alcohol #dej p>ts ,ess5ce ( musk #a "p ,dissolve ! potassium c>bonate 9 ! boil+ wat]1 add ! vanilla1 cov] ! vessel1 & let /& 9 a mod]ately w>m place until cold4 ,transf] to a wide-m\!d j>1 add ! alcohol1 cork1 & let mac]ate = #ae days2 !n decant ! cle> ess5ce & filt] ! rema9d]4 ,mix ! two liquids & add ! ess5ce ( musk4 ,v4--,cut #fj p>ts ( be/ vanilla beans into small bits2 put into a deep vessel1 :i* %\ld be well wrapp$ 9 a wool5 clo? to reta9 heat z long z possible4 ,%ake ov] ! beans #a "p ( potassium c>bonate1 9 p[d]1 !n p\r ov] ! mass #bdj p>ts di/ill$ wat]1 9 an #cbj active /ate ( ebullition1 cov] ! vessel closely1 & set aside 9 a mod]ately w>m place4 ,:5 q cold add #gbj p>ts alcohol1 close ! vessel tightly1 & set aside 9 a mod]ately w>m place1 to mac]ate = #ae days1 !n /ra9 (f1 press out1 & set aside = a day or two4 ,! liquid may !n be filt]$ & bottl$4 ,! addition ( a little musk to ! beans be=e p\r+ on ! hot wat]1 is ?\ght by _m to greatly improve ! product4 ,"o "p ( ?is extract add$ to #cjj p>ts simple syrup is excell5t = f\nta9 purposes4 ,,vi4--,vanilla beans #h ounces ,glyc]9e #f ounces ,granulat$ sug> #a p\nd ,wat] #d p9ts ,alcohol ( cologne spirits #d p9ts ,cut or gr9d ! beans v f9e2 rub ) ! glyc]9e & put 9 a wood5 keg2 dissolve ! sug> 9 ! wat]1 fir/ heat+ ! wat]1 if conv5i5t2 mix ! wat] & spirits1 & add to ! vanilla2 p\r 9 keg4 ,keep 9 a w>m place f #c to #f mon?s be=e us+4 ,%ake (t54 ,to cle>1 p]colate ?r\gh ! dregs4 ,if a d>k1 ri* color is desir$ add a little sug> color+4 ,,vii4--,vanilla beans1 good quality #af ounces ,alcohol #fd fluid\nces ,glyc]9e #bd fluid\nces ,wat] #aj fluid\nces ,dilute alcohol1 quantity suffici5t4 ,mix & mac]ate1 ) frequ5t agitation1 = #c weeks1 filt]1 & add dilute alcohol to make #a gallon4 ,,viii4--,vanilla beans1 good quality #h ounces ,pumice /one1 lump #a ounce ,rock c&y #h ounces ,alcohol & wat]1 ( ea* a suffici5cy4 ,cut ! beans to f9e %r$s & triturate well ) ! pumice /one & rock c&y4 ,place ! :ole 9 a p]colator & p]colate ) a m5/ruum compos$ ( #i p>ts alcohol & #g p>ts wat] until ! p]colate passes ?r\gh cle>4 ,br+ ! bulk up to #a gallon ) ! same m5/ruum & set aside to rip54 ,,ix4--,cut up1 z f9ely z possible1 #bj p>ts ( vanilla bean & ) #dj p>ts ( milk sug> 7r5d]$ z dry z possible by be+ kept 9 a dry+ closet until x no long] loses weight7 rub to a co>se p[d]4 ,moi/5 ) #aj p>ts ( dilute alcohol1 pack some:at loosely 9 a clos$ p]colator & let /& = #b h\rs4 ,add #dj p>ts ( dilute alcohol1 close ! p]colator1 & let /& #h days4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t add #aaj p>ts ( dilute alcohol1 & let pass ?r\gh4 ,! residue w repay work+ ov]4 ,dry x well1 add #e p>ts ( vanill91 & #aaj p>ts ( milk sug> & pass ?r\gh a sieve1 !n treat z be=e4 ,! foll[+ are *eap extracts3 ,x4--,vanilla beans1 *opp$ f9e #e p>ts ,tonka beans1 p[d]$ #aj p>ts ,sug>1 p[d]$ #ad p>ts ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #be p>ts ,wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #ajj p>ts4 ,rub ! sug> & vanilla to a f9e p[d]1 add ! tonka beans1 & incorporate4 ,pack into a filt]1 & p\r on #aj p>ts ( alcohol1 cut ) #ae p>ts ( wat]2 close ! faucet1 & let mac]ate ov]night4 ,9 ! morn+ p]colate ) ! rema9+ alcohol1 add$ to #hj p>ts ( wat]1 until #ajj p>ts ( p]colate pass ?r\gh4 ,,xi4--,vanilla beans #d ounces ,tonka beans #h ounces ,deodoriz$ alcohol #h p9ts ,simple syrup #b p9ts ,cut & bruise ! vanilla beans1 aft]w>ds bruis+ ! tonka beans4 ,mac]ate = #ad days 9 "o-half ( ! _s1 ) occasional agitation4 ,p\r (f ! cle> liquor & set aside2 p\r ! rema9+ spirits 9 ! magma1 & heat by means ( ! wat] ba? to ab\t #agj ,f4 9 a loosely cov]$ vessel4 ,keep at ?is temp]ature #b or #c h\rs1 & /ra9 ?r\gh flannel1 ) slight pressure4 ,mix ! two portions ( liquid1 & filt] ?r\gh felt4 ,add ! syrup4 ,:ite ,p9e & ,t> ,syrup4-- ,:ite p9e b>k #ge p>ts ,wild *]ry b>k #ge p>ts ,spik5>d root #aj p>ts ,balm ( ,gilead buds #aj p>ts ,sangu9>ia root #h p>ts ,sassafras b>k #g p>ts ,sug> #gej p>ts ,*lor(orm #f p>ts ,syrup ( t> #ge p>ts ,alcohol1 en\gh4 ,wat]1 en\gh4 ,syrup en\gh to make #a1jjj p>ts4 ,r$uce ! fir/ six +r$i5ts to a co>se p[d] & by us+ a m5/ruum compos$ ( #a 9 #c alcohol1 obta9 #ejj p>ts ( a t9cture f !m4 ,9 ?is #cba dissolve ! sug>1 add ! syrup ( t> & ! *lor(orm1 &1 f9ally1 en\gh syrup to br+ ! measure ( ! f9i%$ product up to #a1jjj p>ts4 ,wild ,*]ry ,extract4-- ,o5an?ic e!r #b fluidra*ms ,amyl acetate #b fluidra*ms ,oil ( bitt] almonds 7free f hydrocyanic acid7 #a fluidra*m ,fluid extract ( wild *]ry #c fluid\nces ,glyc]9e #b fluid\nces ,deodoriz$ alcohol en\gh to make #af fluid\nces4 ,,h>mless ,,colors ,,= ,,use ,,9 ,,syrups1 ,,etc43 ,r$4--,co*9eal syrup1 prep>$ z foll[s3 ,i4--,co*9eal 9 co>se p[d] #f p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #c p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ae p>ts ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #ab p>ts ,simple syrup to make #ejj p>ts4 ,rub ! co*9eal & potassium toge!r1 add+ ! wat] & alcohol little by little1 "u con/ant trituration4 ,let /& ov]night1 add ! syrup1 & filt]4 ,,ii4--,c>m9e1 9 f9e p[d] #a "p ,/rong] ammonia wat] #d p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] to make #bd p>ts4 ,rub up ! c>m9e & ammonia & to ! solution add ! wat]1 little by little1 "u con/ant trituration4 ,if 9 /&+ ?is %[s a t5d5cy to sep>ate1 a drop or two ( ammonia w correct ! tr\ble4 ,besides ^! !re is c>amel1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 y "k4 ,p9k4-- ,,iii4--,c>m9e #a "p ,liquor potass #f p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #dj p>ts ,mix4 ,if ! color is too high1 dilute ) di/ill$ wat] until ! requisite color is obta9$4 ,to ,te/ ,fruit ,juices & ,syrups = ,anil9e ,colors4--,add to a sample ( ! syrup or juice1 9 a te/ tube1 its own volume ( di/ill$ wat]1 & agitate to get a ?or\gh mixture1 !n add a few drops ( ! /&>d solution ( lead diacetate1 %ake1 & filt]4 ,if ! syrup is free f anil9e color+ matt] ! filtrate w be cle> z cry/al1 s9ce ! lead salt precipitates natural color+ matt]s1 b has no effect ^u ! anil9e colors4 ,to ,te/ ,fruit ,juices = ,salicylic ,acid4--,put a portion ( ! juice to be te/$ 9 a l>ge te/ tube1 add ! same volume ( e!r1 close ! m\? ( ! tube & %ake g5tly = #cj seconds4 ,set aside until ! liquid sep>ates into two lay]s4 ,draw (f ! sup]natant e!real portion & evaporate to dryness 9 a capsule4 ,dissolve ! residue 9 alcohol1 dilute ) #c volumes ( wat]1 & add #a drop ( t9cture ( iron *loride4 ,if salicylic acid be pres5t ! *>act]i/ic purple color w in/antly disappe>4 ,syrups ,select$ f ! ,=mul>y ( ! ,ph>maceutical ,society ( ,antw]p4-- ,dion9e ,syrup4--,dion9e1 #a "p2 di/ill$ wat]1 #ai p>ts2 simple syrup1 #a1ihj p>ts4 ,mix4 ,jabor&i ,syrup4--,t9cture ( jabor&i1 #a "p2 simple syrup1 #ai p>ts4 ,mix4 ,convall>ia ,syrup4--,extract ( convall>ia1 #a "p2 di/ill$ wat]1 #d p>ts2 simple syrup1 #ie p>ts4 ,dissolve ! extract 9 ! wat] & mix4 ,code9e ,phosphate ,syrup4--,code9e phosphate1 #c p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #ag p>ts2 simple syrup1 #ihj p>ts4 ,dissolve ! code9e 9 ! wat] & mix ) ! syrup4 ,licorice ,syrup4--,incis$ licorice root1 #d p>ts2 dilute solution ( ammonia1 #a "p2 wat]1 #bj p>ts4 ,mix & mac]ate = #ab h\rs at #eh to #ff ,f4 ) frequ5t agitation2 press1 heat ! liquid to boil+1 !n evaporate to two p>ts on ! wat] ba?2 add alcohol1 #b p>ts2 all[ to /& = #ab h\rs2 !n filt]4 ,add to ! filtrate en\gh simple syrup to br+ ! f9al weight to #bj p>ts4 ,maize ,/igma ,syrup4--,extract ( maize /igmas1 #a "p2 di/ill$ wat]1 #d p>ts2 simple syrup1 #ie p>ts4 ,dissolve ! extract 9 ! wat]1 filt]1 & add ! syrup4 ,ammonium ,val]ianate ,solution4--,ammonium val]ianate1 #b p>ts2 alcoholic extract ( val]ian1 #a "p2 di/ill$ wat]1 #dg p>ts4 ,kola ,t9cture4--,p[d]$ kola nuts1 #a "p2 alcohol1 #fj p] c5t1 #e p>ts4 ,mac]ate = #f days1 press1 & filt]4 ,bidet's ,liquid ,vesicant4--,t9cture ( can?>ides1 t9cture ( rosem>y1 *lor(orm1 equal p>ts4 ,peptone ,w9e4--,dri$ peptone1 #a "p2 ,malaga w9e1 #ai p>ts4 ,dissolve )\t heat & filt] aft] /&+ = sev]al days4 #cbb ,et*+ ,g5]al ,in/ructions = ,et*+4--,9 et*+1 two factors come into consid]ation1 7#a7 t :i* cov]s t "p ( ! metal n expos$ to ! et*+ fluid 7! resi/71 & 7#b7 ! et*+ fluid itself4 ,9 ! process1 a di/9ction is to be made betwe5 et*+ 9 relief & et*+ 9 intaglio4 ,9 relief et*+1 ! design is drawn or pa9t$ ^u ! surface ) ! liquid et*+-gr\nd1 s t aft] et*+ & removal ( ! et*+-gr\nd1 x appe>s rais$4 ,9 intaglio et*+1 ! :ole surface is cov]$ ) ! et*+-gr\nd1 & ! design put on ) a ne$le2 ! gr\nd be+ ?us remov$ at ! po9ts t\*$ by ! draw+1 ! latt]1 aft] et*+ & removal ( ! et*+-gr\nd1 is sunk54 ,cov]+ ,ag5ts or ,resi/s4--,! plate is enclos$ by a bord] made ( graft+ wax 7yell[ beeswax1 #h p>ts2 p9e ros91 #aj p>ts2 beef tall[1 #b p>ts2 turp5t9e1 #aj p>ts72 or a mixture ( yell[ wax1 #h p>ts2 l>d1 #c p>ts2 ,burgundy pit*1 #a_/b "p4 ,?is mixture is also us$ to cov] ! sides ( vessels to be et*$4 ,ano!r comp\nd consi/s ( wax1 #e p>ts2 cobbl]'s wax1 #b #a_/b p>ts2 turp5t9e1 #a "p4 ,et*+-,gr\nd4--,i4--,s(t3 ,wax1 #b p>ts2 asphalt1 #a "p2 ma/ic1 #a "p4 ,,ii4--,wax1 #c p>ts2 asphalt1 #d p>ts4 ,,iii4--,ma/ic1 #af p>ts2 ,burgundy pit*1 #ej p>ts2 melt$ wax1 #abe p>ts2 & melt$ asphalt1 #bjj p>ts add$ successively1 &1 aft] cool+1 turp5t9e oil1 #ejj p>ts4 ,if ! gr\nd %\ld be deep black1 lampblack is add$4 ,h>d3 ,burgundy pit*1 #abe p>ts2 ros91 #abe p>ts1 melt$2 & walnut oil1 #ajj p>ts1 add$1 ! :ole to be boil$ until x c be drawn out into long ?reads4 ,et*+-,gr\nd = ,copp] ,engrav+4--,:ite wax1 #abj p>ts2 ma/ic1 #ae p>ts2 ,burgundy pit*1 #fj p>ts2 ,syrian asphalt1 #abj p>ts1 melt$ toge!r2 & #e p>ts conc5trat$ solution ( rubb] 9 rubb] oil add$4 ,gr\nd = ,relief ,et*+4--,i4--,syrian asphalt1 #ejj p>ts1 dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e oil1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,asphalt1 ros91 & wax1 #bjj p>ts ( ea*1 are melt$1 & dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e oil1 #a1bjj p>ts4 ,! "u side ( ! metal plate is protect$ by a coat+ ( a spiritu\s %ellac solution1 or by a solution ( asphalt1 #cjj p>ts1 9 b5zol1 #fjj p>ts4 ,= ,/rongly ,acid ,solutions4--,i4--,black pit*1 #a "p2 ,japanese wax1 #b p>ts2 ros91 #a #a_/b p>ts2 ,dam> ros91 #a "p1 melt$ toge!r & mix$ ) turp5t9e oil1 #a "p4 ,,ii4--,heavy black pr9t]s' ink1 #c p>ts2 ros91 #a "p2 wax1 #a "p4 ,= electro-et*+1 ! foll[+ gr\nd is recomm5d$3 ,wax1 #d p>ts2 asphalt1 #d p>ts2 pit*1 #a "p4 ,if absolute surety is requir$ respect+ ! resi/ance ( ! et*+-gr\nd to ! action ( ! et*+ fluids1 sev]al et*+-gr\nds are put on1 "o ov] ! o!r2 fir/ 7= in/ance71 a solution ( rubb] 9 b5zol1 !n a spiritu\s %ellac solution1 & a ?ird /ratum ( asphalt dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e oil4 ,if ! et*+ is to be ( diff]5t degrees ( dep?1 ! places :]e x is to be fa9t are /opp$ out ) v>ni%1 aft] !y are deep en\gh1 & ! object is put back into ! ba? = fur!r et*+4 ,= putt+ on a design be=e ! et*+1 ! foll[+ me?od may be us$3 ,cov] ! metal plate1 t9 plate = example1 ) a color$ or colorless _s v>ni%2 aft] dry+1 cov] ?is1 9 a d>k room1 ) a solution ( gelat91 #e p>ts1 & r$ potassium *romate1 #a "p1 9 wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 or ) a solution ( album51 #b p>ts2 ammonium bi*romate1 #b p>ts1 9 wat]1 #bjj p>ts4 ,aft] dry+1 put ! plate1 cov]$ ) a /5cil1 9 a copy+ or pr9t+ frame1 & expose to light4 ,! s5sitive gelat9 /ratum w become insoluble at ! places expos$4 ,place 9 wat]1 & ! gelat9 w be dissolv$ at ! places cov]$ by ! /5cil2 dry1 & remove ! _s v>ni% f ! places ) _s1 !n put into ! et*+ fluid4 ,et*+ ,fluids4--,! et*+ fluid is usually p\r$ ov] ! metallic surface1 :i* is enclos$ 9 a bord]1 z describ$ be=e4 ,if ! :ole object is to be put into ! fluid1 x mu/ be entirely cov]$ ) ! et*+-gr\nd4 ,aft] et*+ x is wa%$ ) pure wat]1 dri$ ) a l95 clo?1 & ! et*+-gr\nd is !n wa%$ (f ) turp5t9e oil or a light volatile camphor oil4 ,! latt] is v good = ! purpose4 ,et*+ ,fluids = ,iron & ,/eel4--,i4--,pure nitric acid1 dilut$ = light et*+ ) #d to #h p>ts ( wat]1 = deep et*+ ) an equal weight ( wat]4 ,,ii4--,t>t>ic acid1 #a "p1 by weight2 m]curic *loride1 #ae p>ts1 by weight2 wat]1 #dbj p>ts2 nitric acid1 #af to #bj drops1 if #a "p equals #bh #a_/b gra9s4 #cbc ,,iii4--,_s1 #hj p] c5t1 #abj p>ts1 by weight2 pure nitric acid1 #h p>ts2 silv] nitrate1 #a "p4 ,,iv4--,pure acetic acid1 #cj p] c5t1 #dj p>ts1 by weight2 absolute alcohol1 #aj p>ts2 pure nitric acid1 #aj p>ts4 ,v4--,fum+ nitric acid1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 pure acetic acid1 #cj p] c5t1 #ej p>ts1 dilut$ ) wat] if necess>y or desir$4 ,,vi4--,a *romic acid solution4 ,,vii4--,brom9e1 #a "p2 wat]1 #ajj p>ts4 ,or--m]curic *loride1 #a "p2 wat]1 #cj p>ts4 ,,viii4--,antimonic *loride1 #a "p2 wat]1 #f p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #f p>ts4 ,= ,delicate ,et*+s on ,/eel4--,i4--,iod9e1 #b p>ts2 potassium iodide1 #d p>ts2 wat]1 #dj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,silv] acetate1 #h p>ts1 by weight2 alcohol1 #bej p>ts2 wat]1 #bej p>ts2 pure nitric acid1 #bfj p>ts2 e!r1 #fd p>ts2 oxalic acid1 #d p>ts4 ,,iii4--,a copp] *loride solution4 ,et*+ ,p[d] = ,iron & ,/eel4--,blue vitriol1 #ej p>ts2 common salt1 #ej p>ts2 mix$ & moi/5$ ) wat]4 ,= lu/r\s figures on a dull gr\nd1 z on sword blades1 ! :ole surface is poli%$1 ! portions :i* are to rema9 bright cov]$ ) /5cils & ! object expos$ to ! fumes ( nitric acid4 ,?is is be/ done by p\r+ sulphuric acid1 #bj p>ts1 ov] common salt1 #aj p>ts4 ,relief ,et*+ ( ,copp]1 ,/eel1 & ,brass4--,in/ead ( nitric acid1 :i* has a t5d5cy to lift up ! et*+-gr\nd1 by evolution ( gases1 x is bett] to use a mixture ( potassium bi*romate1 #aej p>ts2 wat]1 #hjj p>ts2 & conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 #bjj p>ts4 ,! et*+ is sl[1 b ev51 & !re is no odor4 ,= ,et*+ ,copp]1 ,brass1 & ,tombac4--,pure nitric acid dilut$ ) wat] to #ah ,b4 ,! bubbles ( gas giv5 out %\ld imm$iately be remov$ ) a fea!r t ! et*+ may be ev54 ,ano!r comp\nd consi/s ( a boil+ solution ( potassium *lorate1 #b p>ts1 9 wat]1 #bj p>ts1 p\r$ into a mixture ( nitric acid1 #aj p>ts1 & wat]1 #gj p>ts4 ,= delicate et*+s dilute /ill m ) #ajj to #bjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,et*+ ,fluid = ,copp]4--,weak3 ,a boil+ solution ( potassium *lorate1 #bj p>ts1 9 wat]1 #bjj p>ts1 p\r$ into a mixture ( pure hydro*loric acid1 #bj p>ts2 wat]1 #ejj p>ts4 ,/rong]3 ,a boil+ solution ( potassium *lorate1 #be p>ts1 9 wat]1 #bej p>ts1 p\r$ into a mixture ( pure hydro*loric acid1 #bej p>ts2 wat]1 #djj p>ts4 ,v /rong3 ,a boil+ solution ( potassium *lorate1 #cj p>ts1 9 wat]1 #cjj p>ts1 p\r$ into a mixture ( pure hydro*loric acid1 #cjj p>ts2 wat]1 #cjj p>ts4 ,= et*+ on copp] a saturat$ solution ( brom9e 9 dilute hydro*loric acid may also be us$2 or a mixture ( potassium bi*romate1 #a_/b "p2 wat]1 #a "p2 crude nitric acid1 #c p>ts4 ,! foll[+ are also mu* us$ = copp] & copp] alloys3 ,i4--,a copp] *loride solution acidifi$ ) hydro*loric acid4 ,,ii4--,copp] nitrate dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,,iii4--,a f]ric *loride solution ( #cj to #de ,b4 ,if *rome gelat9 or *rome album5 is us$ = ! et*+-gr\nd1 a spiritu\s f]ric *loride solution is employ$4 ,! et*+ process c be made sl[] by add+ common salt to ! f]ric *loride solution4 ,matt ,et*+ ( ,copp]4--,:ite vitriol1 #a to #e p>ts2 common salt1 #a "p2 conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 #ajj p>ts2 nitric acid 7#cf ,b471 #bjj p>ts1 mix$ toge!r4 ,! sulphuric acid is to be p\r$ c>efully into ! nitric acid1 n ! rev]se4 ,et*+ ,fluid = ,brass4--,nitric acid1 #h p>ts2 mix$ ) wat]1 #hj p>ts2 into ?is mixture p\r a hot solution ( potassium *lorate1 #c p>ts1 9 wat]1 #ej p>ts4 ,et*+ ,fluid = ,brass to ,make ,/5cils4--,mix nitric acid1 ( #a4c specific weight1 ) en\gh fum+ nitric acid to give a deep yell[ color4 ,?is mixture acts viol5tly1 & w eat ?r\gh ! /ronge/ %eet brass4 ,et*+ ,fluid = ,z9c4--,boil p\nd$ gallnuts1 #dj p>ts1 ) wat]1 #efj p>ts1 until ! :ole am\nts to #bjj p>ts2 filt]1 & add nitric acid1 #b p>ts1 & a few drops ( hydro*loric acid4 ,f]ric *loride & antimonic *loride solutions may also be us$ to et* z9c4 ,relief ,et*+ ( ,z9c4--,! design is to be drawn ) a solution ( plat9um *loride1 #a "p1 & rubb]1 #a "p1 9 wat]1 #ab p>ts4 ,! z9c plate is plac$ 9 dilute sulphuric acid 7#a 9 #af74 ,! black draw+ w rema9 z x is4 ,ano!r comp\nd = ! draw+ is made ( blue vitriol1 #b p>ts2 copp] *loride1 #c p>ts2 wat]1 #fd p>ts2 pure hydro*loric acid1 #a4a specific weight4 ,aft] ! draw+ is made1 lay ! plate 9 dilute nitric acid 7#a 9 #h74 #cbd ,et*+ ,fluid = ,alum9um4--,dilute hydro*loric acid s]ves ?is purpose4 ,alum9um conta9+ iron c be matt$ ) soda lye1 foll[$ by treatm5t ) nitric acid4 ,! lye dissolves ! alum9um1 & ! nitric acid dissolves ! iron4 ,alum9um bronze is et*$ ) nitric acid4 ,et*+ ,fluid = ,t9 or ,pewt]4--,f]ric *loride1 or highly dilut$ nitric acid4 ,et*+ ,fluids = ,silv]4--,i4--,dilute pure nitric acid4 ,,ii4--,nitric acid 7specific weight1 #a4ahe71 #agb p>ts2 wat]1 #cbj p>ts2 potassium bi*romate1 #cj p>ts4 ,et*+ ,fluid = ,gold4--,dilute aqua regia 7 nitric & sulphuric acids1 9 ! proportion ( #a 9 #c74 ,et*+ ,fluid = ,copp]1 ,z9c1 & ,/eel4--,a mixture ( #d p>ts ( acetic acid 7#cj p] c5t71 & alcohol1 #a "p2 to ?is is add$ gradually1 nitric acid1 #a "p4 ,et*+ ,fluid = ,lead1 ,antimony1 & ,britannia ,metal4--,dilute nitric acid4 ,et*+ ,p[d] = ,metals 7,t91 ,silv]1 ,iron1 ,g]man ,silv]1 ,copp]1 & ,z9c74--,blue vitriol1 #a "p2 f]ric oxide1 #d p>ts4 ,! p[d]1 moi/5$1 is appli$ to ! places to be et*$1 z1 = in/ance1 knife blades4 ,calc9$ gre5 vitriol c also be us$4 ,electro-,et*+4--,?is diff]s f ord9>y et*+ 9 ! use ( a ba?1 :i* does n ( itself affect ! metal1 b is made capable ( do+ s by ! galvanic curr5t4 ,ord9>y et*+1 se5 "u ! microscope1 consi/s ( a succession ( unev5 depressions1 :i* wid5 out consid]ably at a c]ta9 dep?4 ,9 electro-et*+1 ! l9e "u ! microscope appe>s z a p]fectly ev5 furr[1 n eat5 out b5ea?1 h[ev] deeply cut4 ,! "w is1 accord+ly1 f9] & %>p]2 ! fumes f ! acids are also avoid$1 & ! et*+ c be modifi$ by regulation ( ! curr5t4 ,! prep>ation ( ! surface1 by cov]+1 /opp+-out1 etc41 is ! same z 9 ord9>y et*+4 ,at "s uncov]$ place a conduct+ wire is sold]$ on ) s(t sold]1 & cov]$ ) a coat ( v>ni%4 ,! plate is !n susp5d$ 9 ! ba?1 & acts z ! anode1 ) ano!r simil> plate = ! ca?ode4 ,if gradations 9 et*+ are desir$1 ! plates are tak5 out aft] a "t1 r9s$1 & cov]$1 & return$ to ! ba?4 ,= ! ba? dilute acids are us$1 or sal9e solutions4 ,?us1 = copp]1 dilute sulphuric acid1 #a 9 #bj4 ,= copp] & brass1 a blue vitriol solution4 ,= z9c1 :ite vitriol or a z9c *loride solution4 ,= /eel & iron1 gre5 vitriol1 or an ammonium *loride solution4 ,= t91 a t9-salt solution4 ,= silv]1 a silv] nitrate or potassium cyanide solution4 ,= gold & plat9um1 gold *loride & plat9um *loride solutions1 or a potassium cyanide solution4 ,= electro-et*+ a ,leclau* or ,buns5 batt]y is to be recomm5d$4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! negative z9c pole is connect$ ) a plate ( ! same metal z t to be et*$1 & ! positive iron pole ) ! plate to be et*$4 ,9 ! ,buns5 batt]y1 ! c>bon pole is connect$ ) ! object to be et*$1 ! z9c pole ) ! metal plate4 ,et*+ ,ba? = ,brass4--#a4--,mix nitric acid 7specifi$ gravity1 #a4d71 #h p>ts1 ) wat]1 #hj p>ts4 #b4--;,*lorate ( pota%1 #c p>ts1 dissolv$ 9 #ej p>ts ( wat]4 ,mix #a & #b4 ,= protect+ ^? portions :i* are n to be et*$1 any suitable acid-pro( composition c be us$4 ,et*+ on ,copp]4--,i4--,9 ord] to d regul> & quick et*+ on copp] take a copp] plate silv]$ on ! et*+ side4 ,trace on ?is plate1 ei!r ) v>ni% or li?ographic ink1 ! design4 ,:5 ! trac+ is dry1 place ! plate 9 an iron ba?1 us+ a batt]y4 ,! designs trac$ ) ! v>ni% or ink are n attack$ by ! et*+ fluid4 ,:5 ! plate is tak5 f ! ba? & has be5 wa%$ & dri$1 remove ! v>ni% or ink ) ess5ce ( turp5t9e2 next p\r m]cury on ! places res]v$ by ! v>ni% or ink2 ! m]cury w attack ! silv]$ portions & ! et*+ is quickly made4 ,:5 ! m]cury has done its duty ga!r up ! excess & return to ! bottle ) a pap] funnel4 ,wa% ! plate 9 /rong alum wat]1 & heat4 ,,ii4--,! plate mu/ be fir/ poli%$ ei!r ) em]y or f9e pumice /one1 & aft] x has be5 dri$ ) c>e1 spread !reon a v>ni% compos$ ( equal p>ts ( yell[ wax & ess5ce ( turp5t9e4 ,! solution ( ! wax 9 ! ess5ce is accompli%$ 9 ! cold2 next a little oil ( turp5t9e & "s lampblack are add$4 ,?is v>ni% is all[$ to dry on1 away f du/ & humidity4 ,:5 dry1 trace ! design ) a v f9e po9t4 ,make a bord] ) model+ wax1 s z to prev5t ! acid f runn+ (f4 ,p\r on nitric acid if ! plate is ( copp]1 or #cbe hydro*loric acid dilut$ ) wat] if ! plate is ( z9c1 all[ ! acid to act accord+ to ! desir$ dep? ( ! engrav+2 wa% sev]al times & remove ! v>ni% by heat+ ! plate lightly4 ,wa% ) ess5ce ( turp5t9e & dry well 9 sawdu/ or 9 ! /ove4 ,= relief engrav+ ! designs are trac$ be=e ! engrav+ on ! plate ) ! resi/ v>ni% in/ead ( cov]+ ! plate entirely4 ,^! designs mu/ be delicately execut$ & )\t laps1 z ! acid eats away all ! p>ts n protect$ by ! v>ni%4 ,et*+ ,fluids = ,copp]4--,i4--,a new et*+ fluid = copp] plate is hydrog5 p]oxide1 to :i* a little dilute ammonia wat] is add$4 ,x is said to bite 9 v rapidly & ) great regul>ity & uni=mity4 ,,ii4--,ano!r fluid is fum+ hydro*loric acid 7specific gravity1 #a4ai71 #aj p>ts2 wat]1 #gj p>ts4 ,to ?is add a solution ( potassium *lorate1 #b p>ts1 dissolv$ 9 #bj p>ts ( hot wat]4 ,if ! articles to be et*$ are v delicate & f9e ?is %\ld be dilut$ ) f #ajj to #bjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,,et*+ ,,on ,,glass4 ,names1 designs1 etc41 c be et*$ on glass 9 ?ree ways3 ,fir/1 by means ( an engrav+ :eel1 a me?od :i* requires "s manual skill4 ,second1 by means ( a s& bla/1 mak+ a /5cil ( ! "n1 fix+ ?is on ! glass1 & !n1 by means ( a bla/ ( air1 bl[+ s& on ! glass4 ,?ird1 by ! use ( hydr(luoric acid4 ,! glass is cov]$ ) beeswax1 p>aff9e wax1 or "s acid resi/+ ink or v>ni%2 ! "n or device is !n et*$ out ( ! wax by means ( a knife1 & ! glass dipp$ 9 hydr(luoric acid1 :i* eats away ! glass at ^? p>ts :]e ! wax has be5 cut away4 ,fancy "w1 ornam5tal figures1 lett]+1 & monograms are mo/ easily & neatly cut into glass by ! s&-bla/ process4 ,l9es & figures on tubes1 j>s1 etc41 may be deeply et*$ by sme>+ ! surface ( ! glass ) beeswax1 draw+ ! l9es ) a /eel po9t1 & expos+ ! glass to ! fumes ( hydr(luoric acid4 ,?is acid is obta9$ by putt+ p[d]$ fluorsp> into a tray made ( %eet lead & p\r+ sulphuric acid on x1 aft] :i* ! tray is slightly w>m$4 ,! proportions w v>y ) ! purity ( ! mat]ials us$1 fluorsp> 7except :5 9 cry/als7 be+ g5]ally mix$ ) a l>ge quantity ( o!r matt]4 ,en\gh acid to make a ?9 pa/e ) ! p[d]$ sp> w be ab\t "r4 ,:]e a lead tray is n at h&1 ! p[d]$ sp> may be p\r$ on ! glass & ! acid p\r$ on x & left = "s "t4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! m>ks are opaque1 b sometimes !y are transp>5t4 ,9 ?is case cut !m deeply & fill up ) black v>ni%1 if !y are requir$ to be v pla91 z 9 ! case ( graduat$ vessels4 ,liquid hydr(luoric acid has be5 recomm5d$ = et*+1 b is n always suitable1 z x leaves ! surface on :i* x acts transp>5t4 ,!re are two me?ods ( m>k+ bottles--dry et*+1 or by /amp+ ) et*+ inks4 ,! fir/ process is usually foll[$ 9 glass factories4 ,a rubb] /amp is necess>y = ?is process1 & ! lett]s %\ld be made z l>ge & clean cut z possible )\t cr[d+ !m too mu*4 ,besides ?is1 an et*+ p[d] is requir$4 ,a small quantity ( ! p[d] is p\r$ into a porcela9 di%1 & ?is is plac$ on a s& ba? or ov] a g5tle fire1 & heat$ until x is absolutely dry1 s t x c be rubb$ d[n to an impalpable p[d]4 ,! bottle or o!r glass to be m>k$ mu/ be p]fectly clean & dry4 ,! et*+ p[d] takes bett] :5 ! vessel is some:at w>m4 ,! /amp %\ld be provid$ ) a roll] :i* is kept con/antly suppli$ ) a viscid oil :i* x di/ributes on ! /amp & :i* ! /amp transf]s to ! glass surface4 ,! p[d] is du/$ on ! impr9t ?us made1 by means ( a camel's-hair bru%4 ,any surplus fall+ on ! unoil$ surface may be remov$ ) a f9e long-hair$ p5cil4 ,! pr9t$ bottle is transf]r$ to a damp place & kept = sev]al m9utes1 ! dampness aid+ ! et*+ p[d] 9 its "w on ! glass surface4 ,! bottle is !n well wa%$ 9 pla9 wat]4 ,glass cyl9d]s1 l>ge flasks1 c>boys1 etc41 may be treat$ 9 a some:at diff]5t mann]4 ,! /amp "h is ins]t$1 face upw>d1 betwe5 two horizontal bo>ds1 9 su* a mann] t its face projects ab\t a qu>t] ( a millimet] 7say #j4ja in*7 above ! surface4 ,oil is appli$ to ! surface1 aft] :i* ! cyl9d]1 c>boy1 or :at n1 is roll$ along ! bo>d & ov] ! /amp4 ,! design is ?us neatly transf]r$ to ! glass surface1 & ! re/ ( ! op]ation is z 9 ! previ\s case4 ,= an et*+ ink = glassw>e ! foll[+ is recomm5d$3 ,ammonium fluoride #b dra*ms ,b>ium sulphate #b dra*ms ,r$uce to a f9e p[d] 9 a mort>1 #cbf !n transf] to a lead di% & make into a ?9 writ+-cream ) hydr(luoric acid or fum+ sulphuric acid4 ,use a piece ( lead to /ir ! mixture4 ,! ink may be put up 9 bottles coat$ ) p>aff9e1 :i* c be done by heat+ ! bottle1 p\r+ 9 "s melt$ p>aff9e1 & lett+ x fl[ all ar\nd4 ,! writ+ is done ) a quill1 & 9 ab\t half a m9ute ! ink is wa%$ (f4 ,extreme caution mu/ be obs]v$ 9 h&l+ ! acid1 s9ce :5 br\ght 9 contact ) ! sk9 x produces dang]\s sores v difficult to heal4 ,! vapor is also dang]\sly poison\s :5 inhal$4 ,hydr(luoric ,=mulas4--,i4--,dissolve ab\t #j4gb ounces fluoride ( soda ) #j4ad ounces sulphate ( pota% 9 #a_/b p9t ( wat]4 ,make ano!r solution ( #j4bh ounces *loride ( z9c & #a4cj ounces hydro*loric acid 9 an equal quantity ( wat]4 ,mix ! solutions & apply to ! glass vessel ) a p9 or bru%4 ,at ! end ( half an h\r ! design %\ld be suffici5tly et*$4 ,,ii4--,a mixture consi/+ ( ammonium fluoride1 common salt1 & c>bonate ( soda is prep>$1 & !n plac$ 9 a gutta-p]*a bottle conta9+ fum+ hydr(luoric acid & conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 ,9 a sep>ate vessel :i* is made ( lead1 potassium fluoride is mix$ ) hydro*loric acid1 & a little ( ?is solution is add$ to ! =m]1 along ) a small quantity ( sodium silicate & ammonia4 ,"s ( ! solution is dropp$ ^u a rubb] pad1 & by means ( a suitable rubb] /amp1 be>+ ! design :i* is to be reproduc$1 is transf]r$ to ! glass vessel t is to be et*$4 ,et*+ ) ,wax4--,spread wax or a pres]vative v>ni% on ! glass1 & trace on ?is wax or v>ni% ! lett]s or designs4 ,if lett]s are desir$1 trace !m by h& or by ! use ( lett]s cut out 9 t91 :i* apply on ! wax1 ! inside cont\rs be+ tak5 ) a f9e po9t4 ,:5 ?is is done1 remove ! excess ( wax f ! glass1 leav+ only ! full wax lett]s undi/urb$4 ,make an edge ( wax all along ! glass plate s z to prev5t ! acid f runn+ ov] :5 y p\r x on to attack ! glass4 ,at ! end ( #c to #d h\rs remove ! acid1 wa% ! glass well ) hot wat]1 next p\r on ess5ce ( turp5t9e or alcohol to take (f ! wax or ! pres]vative v>ni%4 ,pass aga9 ?r\gh clean wat]2 ! glass plate w h become dead :]ev] ! acid has eat5 91 only ! lett]s rema9+ poli%$4 ,= fancy designs x suffices to put on ! back ( ! plate a black or color$ v>ni%1 or t9 foil1 etc41 to obta9 a brilliant effect4 ,et*+ ,glass by ,means ( ,glue4--,x is necess>y only to cov] a piece ( ord9>y or fl9t glass ) a coat ( glue dissolv$ 9 wat] 9 ord] to see t ! lay] ( glue1 ^u contract+ ?r\gh ! effect ( dry+1 becomes deta*$ f ! glass & removes !refrom num]\s scales ( v>y+ ?ickness4 ,! glass ?us et*$ pres5ts a sort ( regul> & decorative design simil> to ! fl[]s ( fro/ deposit$ on w9d[panes 9 w9t]4 ,:5 salts t are readily cry/allizable & t ex]t no *emical action ^u ! gelat9 are dissolv$ 9 ! latt] ! figures et*$ ^u ! glass exhibit a cry/all9e appe>ance t recalls f]n fronds4 ,hyposulphite ( soda & *lorate & nitrate ( pota% produce ne>ly ! same effects4 ,a l>ge numb] ( m9]al sub/ances are attack$ by gelat94 ,t\gh5$ glass is easily et*$1 & ! same is ! case ) fluorsp> & poli%$ m>ble4 ,a piece ( rock cry/al1 cut at "r angles ) ! axis & coat$ ) is+lass1 ! action ( :i* seems to be p>ticul>ly en]getic1 is likewise attack$ at diff]5t po9ts1 & ! p>ts deta*$ pres5t a con*oidal appe>ance4 ,! contraction ( ! gelat9 may be r5d]$ visible by apply+ a coat+ ( glue to %eets ( c>dbo>d or lead1 :i* b5d backw>d 9 dry+ & assume ! =m ( an irregul> cyl9d]4 ,su* et*+ ( glass & diff]5t m9]al sub/ances by ! action ( gelat9 may be employ$ = ! decoration ( num]\s objects4 ,dissolve "s common glue 9 ord9>y wat]1 heat$ by a wat] ba?1 & add #f p] c5t ( its weight ( pota% alum4 ,aft] ! glue has become p]fectly melt$1 homog5e\s1 & ( ! consi/5cy ( syrup1 apply a lay]1 :ile x is /ill hot1 to a glass object by means ( a bru%4 ,if ! object is ( gr\nd glass ! action ( ! glue w be /ill m en]getic4 ,aft] half an h\r apply a second coat 9 su* a way z to obta9 a smoo?1 transp>5t surface de/itute ( air bubbles4 ,aft] ! glue has become s h>d t x no long] yields to ! pressure ( ! f+] nail 7say1 9 ab\t #bd h\rs71 put ! article 9 a w>m] place1 9 :i* ! temp]ature mu/ n exce$ #aje ,f4 ,:5 ! object is remov$ f ! ov51 aft] a few h\rs1 ! glue w deta* itself ) #cbg a noise & removes ) x num]\s flakes ( glass4 ,all t ! piece !n requires is to be c>efully wa%$ & dri$4 ,! designs ?us obta9$ are n always ! same1 ! ?ickness ( ! coat ( glue1 ! "t ( dry+1 & v>i\s o!r conditions seem+ to act to modify ! =m & numb] ( ! flakes deta*$4 ,x is indisp5sable to employ glass objects ( adequate ?ickness1 s9ce1 9 cov]+ m\ssel9e glass ) a lay] ( glue1 ! me*anical action t x has to support dur+ desiccation is s p[]ful t x w break ) an explosion4 ,glue1 !re=e1 mu/ n be all[$ to dry 9 glass vessels1 s9ce !y w\ld be corrod$ & brok5 9 a %ort "t4 ,indelible ,labels on ,bottles4--,to affix indelible labels on bottles an et*+ liquid is employ$ :i* is produc$ z foll[s3 ,liquid ,i1 9 "o bottle4--,dissolve #cf p>ts ( sodium fluoride 9 #ejj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat] & add #g p>ts ( potassium sulphate4 ,liquid ,,ii1 9 ano!r bottle4--,dissolve z9c *loride1 #ad p>ts1 9 #ejj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 & add #fe p>ts ( conc5trat$ hydro*loric acid4 ,= use mix equal p>ts toge!r & add a little dissolv$ ,india ink to r5d] ! writ+ m visible4 ,! mix+ _c1 h[ev]1 be conduct$ 9 a vessel4 ,x is be/ to use a cube ( p>aff9e :i* has be5 holl[$ out4 ,et*+ on ,m>ble or ,ivory 7see also ,ivory74--,cov] ! objects ) a coat ( wax dissolv$ 9 #ij p] c5t alcohol1 !n trace ! desir$ designs by remov+ ! wax ) a %>p tool & di/ribute on ! trac+ ! foll[+ mixture3 ,hydro*loric acid1 #a "p2 acetic acid1 #a "p4 ,repeat ?is op]ation sev]al times1 until ! desir$ dep? is atta9$4 ,!n take (f ! v>ni% ) alcohol4 ,! et*+ may be embelli%$1 fill+ up ! holl[s ) any color$ v>ni%1 by wip+ ! surface ) a piece ( l95 fix$ on a /ick1 to rub ! v>ni% into ! cavities aft] x has be5 appli$ ) a bru%4 ,! holl[s may be gild$ or silv]$ by sub/itut+ 8mixtion0 = ! v>ni% & apply+ on ?is mixtion a leaf ( gold or silv]1 cut 9 pieces a little l>g] ?an ! design to be cov]$2 press d[n ! gold by means ( a s(t bru% s z to cause x to p5etrate to ! bottom2 let dry & remove ! protrud+ edges4 ,et*+ on ,/eel4--,! pr9t %\ld be heavily ink$ & p[d]$ ) dragon's blood sev]al times4 ,aft] ea* p[d]+ heat slightly & additional p[d] w /ick1 =m+ a heavy coat+ 9 #b or #c op]ations4 ,be=e proce$+ to heat up1 ! plate %\ld receive a light et*+ 9 a weak solution ( ! acid describ$ lat] on4 ,! purpose ( ?is prelim9>y et*+ is to clean up ! pr9t1 s t ! l9es w n t5d to ?ick51 z w\ld be ! case o!rwise4 ,next a good /rong heat+ %\ld be giv54 ,on top ! dragon's blood plumbago may be us$ 9 addition4 ,= et*+ use nitric acid mix$ ) an ev5 am\nt ( acetic acid4 ,"s op]ators use v9eg>1 bas$ on ! same !ory4 ,:5 comm5c+ ! et*+1 />t ) a weak solution & increase z soon z ! plate is deep en\gh to all[ ano!r p[d]+4 ,if ! op]ator is famili> ) li?ography1 & und]/&s roll+ up ! pr9t ) a li?oroll]1 ! et*+ ( /eel is n h>d] ?an et*+ on z9c4 ,liquids = ,et*+ ,/eel4-- ,i4--,iod9e #b p>ts ,potassium iodide #e p>ts ,wat] #dj p>ts ,,ii4--,nitric acid #fj p>ts ,wat] #abj p>ts ,alcohol #bjj p>ts ,copp] nitrate #h p>ts ,,iii4--,glacial acetic acid #d p>ts ,nitric acid #a "p ,alcohol #a "p ,,iv4--,mix #a ounce sulphate ( copp]1 #a_/d ounce alum1 #a_/b teaspoonful ( salt 7r$uc$ to p[d]71 ) #a gill ( v9eg> & #bj drops ( nitric acid4 ,?is fluid c be us$ ei!r = et*+ deeply or = fro/+1 accord+ to ! "t x is all[$ to act4 ,! p>ts ( ! "w :i* are n to be et*$ %\ld be protect$ ) beeswax or "s simil> sub/ance4 ,v4--,nitric acid1 #fj p>ts2 wat]1 #abj p>ts2 alcohol1 #bjj p>ts2 & copp] nitrate1 #h p>ts4 ,keep 9 a glass-/opp]$ bottle4 ,to use ! fluid1 cov] ! surface to be m>k$ ) a ?9 ev5 coat ( wax & m>k ! l9es ) a ma*9i/'s scrib]4 ,wrap clean cotton wa/e ar\nd ! end ( ! scrib] or a /ick1 & dip 9 ! fluid1 apply+ x to ! m>k$ surface4 ,9 a few m9utes ! wax may be scrap$ (f1 :5 f9e l9es w appe> :]e ! scrib] m>k$ ! wax4 ,! dripp+s f a light$ wax c&le c be us$ = ! #cbh coat+1 & ?is may be ev5ly spread ) a knife heat$ 9 ! c&le flame4 ,,vi4--,= ,h>d5$ ,/eel4--,heat an iron or an old pill>-file ) a smoo? side1 & ) x spread a ?91 ev5 coat ( beeswax ov] ! bright5$ surface to be et*$4 ,) a %>p lead p5cil 7:i* is pref]able to a scrib]7 write or m>k z want$ ?r\gh ! wax s z to be sure to /rike ! /eel surface4 ,!n daub on ) a /ick et*+ acid made z foll[s3 ,nitric acid1 #c p>ts2 muriatic acid1 #a "p4 ,if a lead p5cil has be5 us$ ! acid w beg9 to bubble imm$iately4 ,two or ?ree m9utes ( ! bubbl+ or foam+ w be suffici5t = m>k+2 !n soak up ! acid ) a small piece ( blott+ pap] & remove ! beeswax ) a piece ( cotton wa/e wet ) b5z9e1 & if ! piece be small en\gh dip x into a saturat$ solution ( sal soda1 or if ! piece be l>ge swab ov] x ) a piece ( wa/e4 ,?is neutralizes ! rema9+ acid & prev5ts ru/+1 :i* oil w n d4 ,if x is desir$ to coat ! piece ) beeswax )\t heat+ x1 dissolve pure beeswax 9 b5z9e until ( ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream & p\r on to ! /eel1 & ev5 spread x by rock+ or bl[+1 & lay aside = x to h>d52 !n use ! lead p5cil1 etc41 z be=e4 ,?is me?od w take long]4 ,keep "w f ne> ! fire or an op5 flame4 ,,eucalyptus ,,bonbons ,,= ,,colds ,,& ,,c\ghs3 ,see ,cold & ,c\gh ,mixtures4 ,,expectorants3 ,see ,cold & ,c\gh ,mixtures4 ,explosives ,explosives may be divid$ into two great classes--me*anical mixtures & *emical comp\nds4 ,9 ! =m] ! combu/ible sub/ances are intimately mix$ ) "s oxyg5 supply+ mat]ial1 z 9 ! case ( gunp[d]1 :]e c>bon & sulphur are intimately mix$ ) potassium nitrate2 :ile gun cotton & nitro-glyc]9e are examples ( ! latt] class1 :]e ea* molecule ( ! sub/ance conta9s ! necess>y oxyg5 = ! oxidation ( ! c>bon & hydrog5 pres5t1 ! oxyg5 be+ 9 feeble comb9ation ) nitrog54 ,_m explosives are1 h[ev]1 me*anical mixtures ( comp\nds :i* are !mselves explosive1 e4 g41 cordite1 :i* is ma9ly compos$ ( gun cotton & nitro-glyc]9e4 ,! mo/ common & famili> ( explosives is und\bt$ly gunp[d]4 ,! mixture fir/ adopt$ appe>s to h consi/$ ( equal p>ts ( ! ?ree +r$i5ts--sulphur1 *>coal1 & nit]2 b "s "t lat] ! proportions1 ev5 n[ tak5 = all ord9>y purposes1 7 introduc$1 namely3 ,potassium nitrate #ge p>ts ,*>coal #ae p>ts ,sulphur #aj p>ts #ajj p>ts ,s9ce gunp[d] is a me*anical mixture1 x is cle> t ! fir/ aim ( ! mak] mu/ be to obta9 p]fect incorporation1 &1 necess>ily1 9 ord] to obta9 ?is1 ! mat]ials mu/ be 9 a v f9ely divid$ /ate4 ,moreov]1 9 ord] t uni=mity ( effect may be obta9$1 purity ( ! orig9al sub/ances1 ! p]c5tage ( moi/ure pres5t1 & ! d5sity ( ! f9i%$ p[d] are ( importance4 ,! weigh$ quantities ( ! +r$i5ts are fir/ mix$ 9 gun metal or copp] drums1 hav+ blades 9 ! int]ior capable ( work+ 9 ! opposite direction to t 9 :i* ! drum itself is travel+4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh a sieve1 ! mixture 7gre5 *>ge7 is pass$ on to ! incorporat+ mills1 :]e x is ?or\ghly gr\nd "u heavy metal roll]s1 a small quantity ( wat] be+ add$ to prev5t du/ & facilitat+ incorporation1 & dur+ ?is process ! risk ( explosion is great] possibly ?an at any o!r /age 9 ! manufacture4 ,!re are usually #f mills work+ 9 ! same build+1 ) p>titions betwe54 ,ov] ! b$ ( ea* mill is a horizontal bo>d1 ! 8fla% bo>d10 :i* is connect$ ) a tank ( wat] ov]head1 ! arrangem5t be+ su* t ! upsett+ ( "o tank dis*>ges ! cont5ts ( ! o!r tanks onto ! correspond+ mill b$s bel[1 s t 9 ! ev5t ( an accid5t ! *>ge is dr[n$ 9 ea* case4 ,! 8mill cake0 is n[ brok5 d[n betwe5 roll]s1 ! 8meal0 produc$ be+ plac$ 9 /rong oak boxes & subject$ to hydraulic pressure1 ?us increas+ its d5sity & h>dness1 at ! same "t br++ ! +r$i5ts into m intimate contact4 ,aft] once m break+ d[n ! mat]ial 7press cake71 ! p[d] only requires special treatm5t to adapt x = ! v>i\s purposes = :i* x is int5d$4 ,! products ( ! combu/ion ( p[d] & its mann] ( burn+ are #cbi l>gely influ5c$ by ! pressure1 a prop]ty well illu/rat$ by ! failure ( a r$-hot plat9um wire to ignite a mass ( p[d] 9 a vacuum1 only a few gra9s actually 9 contact ) ! plat9um und]go+ combu/ion4 ,nitro-glyc]9e is a sub/ance ( a simil> *emical nature to gun cotton1 ! pr9ciples ( its =mation & purification be+ v simil>1 only 9 ?is case ! mat]ials & product are liquids1 !reby r5d]+ ! op]ations ( manufacture & wa%+ mu* less difficult4 ,! glyc]9e is spray$ into ! acid mixture by compress$-air injectors1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! temp]ature dur+ nitration does n rise above #hf ,f4 ,! nitro-glyc]9e =m$ readily sep>ates f ! mix$ acids1 & be+ insoluble 9 cold wat]1 ! wa%+ is comp>atively simple4 ,nitro-glyc]9e is an oily liquid readily soluble 9 mo/ organic solv5ts1 b becomes solid at #c or #d above ! freez+ po9t ( wat]1 & 9 ?is condition is less s5sitive4 ,x detonates :5 heat$ to #ejj ,f41 or by a sudd5 bl[1 yield+ c>bon dioxide1 oxyg51 nitrog51 & wat]4 ,be+ a fluid "u ord9>y conditions1 its uses z an explosive 7 limit$1 & ,alfr$ ,nobel conceiv$ ! idea ( mix+ x ) o!r sub/ances :i* w\ld act z absorb5ts1 fir/ us+ *>coal & aft]w>ds an infusorial e>?1 8kieselguhr10 & obta9+ :at he t]m$ 8dynamite40 ,nobel f\nd t 8collodion cotton0--soluble gun cotton--c\ld be conv]t$ by treatm5t ) nitro-glyc]9e into a jellylike mass :i* 0 m tru/wor?y 9 action ?an ! compon5ts alone1 & f its nature ! sub/ance 0 *ri/5$ 8bla/+ gelat940 ,nobel took out a pat5t = a smokeless p[d] = use 9 guns1 9 :i* ^! +r$i5ts 7 adopt$ ) or )\t ! use ( ret>d+ ag5ts4 ,! p[d]s ( ?is class are balli/ite & filite1 ! =m] be+ 9 %eets1 ! latt] 9 ?reads4 ,orig9ally camphor 0 introduc$1 b its use has be5 ab&on$1 a small quantity ( anil9e tak+ its place4 ,sir ,fr$]ick ,abel & ,pr(4 ,dew> pat5t$ 9 #ahhi ! use ( tr9itro-cellulose & nitro-glyc]9e1 = al?\gh1 z is well kn[n1 ?is =m ( nitro-cellulose is n soluble 9 nitro-glyc]9e1 yet by dissolv+ ! bodies 9 a mutual solv5t1 p]fect incorporation c be atta9$4 ,acetone is ! solv5t us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( 8cordite10 & = all ammunition except blank *>ges a c]ta9 proportion ( vasel9e is also add$4 ,! combu/ion ( ! p[d] )\t vasel9e gives products s free f solid or liquid sub/ances t excessive friction ( ! projectile 9 ! gun causes rapid we>+ ( ! rifl+1 & x is *iefly to ov]come ?is t ! vasel9e is introduc$1 = on explosion a ?9 film ( solid matt] is deposit$ 9 ! gun1 & acts z a lubricant4 ,! proportion ( ! +r$i5ts are3 ,nitro-glyc]9e #eh p>ts ,gun-cotton #cg p>ts ,vasel9e #e p>ts ,gun cotton to be us$ = cordite is prep>$ z previ\sly describ$1 b ! alkali is omitt$1 & ! mass is n submitt$ to great pressure1 to avoid mak+ x s d5se t ready absorption ( nitro-glyc]9e w\ld n take place4 ,! nitro-glyc]9e is p\r$ ov] ! dri$ gun cotton & fir/ well mix$ by h&1 aft]w>ds 9 a knead+ ma*9e ) ! requisite quantity ( acetone = #c #a_/b h\rs4 ,a wat] jacket is provid$1 s9ce1 on mix+1 ! temp]ature rises4 ,! vasel9e is n[ add$1 & ! knead+ cont9u$ = a simil> p]iod4 ,! cordite pa/e is fir/ subject$ to a prelim9>y press+1 & is f9ally =c$ ?r\gh a hole ( ! prop] size 9 a plate ei!r by h& or by hydraulic pressure4 ,! small] sizes are w\nd on drums1 :ile ! l>g] cordite is cut (f 9 suitable l5g?s1 ! drums & cut mat]ial be+ dri$ at #ajj ,f41 ?us driv+ (f ! rema9d] ( ! acetone4 ,cordite v>ies f yell[ to d>k br[n 9 color1 accord+ to its ?ickness4 ,:5 ignit$ x burns ) a /rong flame1 :i* may be ext+ui%$ by a vigor\s puff ( air4 ,macnab & ,ri/ori give ! yield ( p]man5t gases f ,engli% cordite z #fdg cubic c5timet]s1 conta9+ a mu* high] p] c5t ( c>bon monoxide ?an ! gases evolv$ f ! old =m ( p[d]4 ,sir ,&rew ,noble fail$ 9 attempts to detonate ! sub/ance1 & a rifle bullet fir$ into ! mass only caus$ x to burn quietly4 ,dynamite4--,dynamite is ord9>ily made up ( #ge p] c5t nitro-glyc]9e1 #be p] c5t infusorial e>?2 dual9e conta9s #hj p] c5t nitro-glyc]9e1 #bj p] c5t nitro-cellulose2 r5d-rock has #dj p] c5t nitro-glyc]9e1 #dj p] c5t nitrate ( pota%1 #ac p] c5t cellulose1 #g p] c5t p>aff9e2 giant p[d]1 #cf p] c5t nitro-glyc]9e1 #dh p] c5t nitrate ( pota%1 #h p] c5t sulphur1 #h p] c5t ros9 or *>coal4 ,smokeless ,p[d]4--,! base ( smokeless p[d]s is nitrat$ cellulose1 #ccj :i* has be5 treat$ 9 "o ( v>i\s ways to make x burn sl[] ?an gun cotton1 & also to r5d] x less s5sitive to heat & %ocks4 ,z a rule1 ^! p[d]s are n only less inflammable ?an gun cotton1 b require /rong] detonators4 ,z metallic salts cause smoke1 !y are n us$ 9 ^! p[d]s4 ,! smokeless p[d]s n[ 9 use may be divid$ into ?ree gr\ps3 7#a7 ,^? consi/+ ( mixtures ( nitro-glyc]9e & nitrat$ cellulose1 :i* h be5 conv]t$ into a h>d1 hornlike mass1 ei!r ) or )\t ! aid ( a solv5t4 ,to ?is gr\p belongs balli/ite1 conta9+ #ej p] c5t ( nitro-glyc]9e1 #di p] c5t ( nitrat$ cellulose1 & #a p] c5t ( diph5ylam92 also cordite 7see fur!r on71 ,l5ord's p[d]1 & amb]ite4 ,?is la/ conta9s #dj p>ts ( nitro-glyc]9e & #ef p>ts ( nitrat$ cellulose4 7#b7 ,^? consi/+ ma9ly ( nitrat$ cellulose ( any k9d1 :i* has be5 r5d]$ h>d & horny by treatm5t ) "s solv5t :i* is aft]w>ds evaporat$4 ,^! are prep>$ by treat+ nitrat$ cellulose ) e!r or b5z9e1 :i* dissolves ! collodion1 & :5 evaporat$ leaves a h>d film ( collodion on ! surface ( ea* gra94 ,sometimes a little camphor is add$ to ! solv5t1 &1 rema9+ 9 ! p[d]1 greatly ret>ds its combu/ion4 7#c7 ,^? consi/+ ( nitro-d]ivatives ( ! aromatic hydroc>bons1 ei!r ) or )\t ! admixture ( nitrat$ cellulose2 to ?is gr\p belong ,dupont's p[d]1 consi/+ ( nitrat$ cellulose dissolv$ 9 nitro-b5z9e2 indurite1 consi/+ ( cellulose hexanitrate 7fre$ f collodion by extraction ) me?yl alcohol71 made into a pa/e ) nitro-b5z9e1 & h>d5$ by treatm5t ) /eam until ! excess ( nitro-b5z9e is remov$2 & pla/omeite1 consi/+ ( d9itrotolu5e & nitrat$ wood pulp4 ,cordite is ! specific "n ( a smokeless p[d] :i* has be5 adopt$ by ! ,engli% gov]nm5t z a milit>y explosive4 ,x conta9s nitro-glyc]9e1 #eh p>ts2 gun cotton1 #cg p>ts2 & petrolatum1 #e p>ts4 ,! nitro-glyc]9e & gun cotton are fir/ mix$1 #ai4b p>ts ( acetone add$1 & ! pa/y mass knead$ = sev]al h\rs4 ,! petrolatum is !n add$ & ! mixture aga9 knead$4 ,! pa/e is !n =c$ ?r\gh f9e op5+s to =m ?reads1 :i* are dri$ at ab\t #aje ,f4 until ! acetone evaporates4 ,! ?reads1 :i* resemble br[n tw9e1 are !n cut into %ort l5g?s = use4 ,ano!r process = ! manufacture ( smokeless p[d] is z foll[s3 ,/raw1 pref]ably oat-/raw1 is treat$ 9 ! usual way ) a mixture ( nitric acid & conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 & !n wa%$ 9 wat] to free x f ^!1 !n boil$ ) wat]1 & aga9 ) a solution ( potassium c>bonate4 ,x is next subject$1 = #b to #f h\rs1 to ! action ( a solution compos$ ( #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 #ab4e p>ts ( potassium nitrate1 #c4e p>ts ( potassium *lorate1 #ab4e p>ts ( z9c sulphate1 & #ab4e p>ts ( potassium p]manganate4 ,! excess ( solution is press$ out1 & ! mass is !n pulv]iz$1 granulat$1 & f9ally dri$4 ,! w>n+ z to ! dang] ( exp]im5t+ ) ! manufacture ( ord9>y gunp[d] applies ) r5ew$ =ce :5 nitro-glyc]9e is ! subject ( ! exp]im5t4 ,b]ge's ,bla/+ ,p[d]4--,?is is compos$ ( *lorate ( pota%1 #a "p2 *romate ( pota%1 #j4a "p2 sug>1 #j4de p>ts2 yell[ wax1 #j4ji p>ts4 ,! proportions indicat$ may v>y )9 c]ta9 limits1 accord+ to ! =ce desir$4 ,= ! prep>ation1 ! *lorate & ! *romate ( pota%1 z well z ! sug>1 are gr\nd sep>ately & v f9ely1 & sift$ s t ! gra9s ( ! diff]5t sub/ances may h ! same size4 ,at fir/ any two ( ! sub/ances are mix$ z ?or\ghly z possible1 !n ! ?ird is add$4 ,! yell[ wax1 cut 9 small pieces1 is f9ally add$1 & all ! sub/ances are work$ toge!r to produce a homog5e\s product4 ,! sug> may be replac$ ) *>coal or any o!r combu/ible body4 ,= comm]cial ne$s1 ! comp\nd may be color$ ) any in]t matt]1 also pulv]iz$4 ,safety 9 ,explosives4--,ammoniacal salts h be5 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( explosives to r5d] !m pro( aga9/ fir$amp1 b n ) ! full success desir$4 ,ammonium *loride has be5 utiliz$1 b inconv5i5ces are met )1 & ! vapor is q disagreeable4 ,9 cop]ation ) equival5t quantities ( soda & pota%1 its action is reg>d$ z favorable4 ,te/s employ+ b5z9e vapor & coal du/ 7 made1 & ! comp>ative security calculat$ to be z giv5 bel[4 ,i4--,don>ite1 compos$ z foll[s3 #hj p] c5t ( nitrate ( ammonia1 #ab ( tr9itrotoluol1 #d ( fl\r1 #c4h ( nitro-glyc]9e1 & #j4b p] c5t ( cotton collodion4 ,security3 ,don>ite alone1 #hg p>ts2 #ie p] c5t ( don>ite & #e p] #cca c5t ( ammonium *loride1 #abe p>ts2 #ij p] c5t ( don>ite & #aj p] c5t ( ammonium *loride1 #bej p>ts2 #hf p] c5t ( don>ite & #e4e p] c5t ( ammonium *loride1 ) #h4e p] c5t ( nitrate ( soda1 #dbe p>ts4 ,! =ce ( ! explosion is decreas$ ab\t #h p] c5t1 :ile ! security is qu9tupl$4 ,,ii4--,roburite1 ) ! foll[+ composition3 #gb4e p] c5t nitrate ( ammonia2 #ab b9itro-b5zol2 #aj nitrate ( pota%2 #e sulphate ( ammonia2 #j4e p] c5t p]manganate ( pota%4 ,security3 ,roburite only1 #cbe p>ts2 ammonium *loride1 tak+ ! place ( sulphate ( ammonia1 #djj p>ts4 ,"h an int5sification ( ! explosive =ce is simultane\sly produc$4 ,,iii4--,ammon c>bonite ,i1 compos$ ?us3 #d p] c5t nitro-glyc]9e2 #ge4e nitrate ( ammonia2 #i4e nitrate ( pota%2 #i4e coal du/2 #aj4e fl\r4 ,security3 ,ammon c>bonite ,i only1 #bej p>ts2 #ie p] c5t ,a4 ,c4 ,i4 & #e p] c5t ammonium *loride1 #djj p>ts2 #ib p] c5t ,a4 ,c4 ,i4 & #h p] c5t ammonium *loride1 #ejj p>ts4 ,! addition ( #e p] c5t ammonium *loride dim9i%es ! explosive =ce only #c p] c5t4 ,,iv4--,an explosive ( nitro-glyc]9e base compos$ ?us3 #cj p] c5t nitro-glyc]9e2 #a p] c5t cotton collodion2 #eb4f nitrate ( ammonia2 #ac nitrate ( pota%2 #c to #d p] c5t />*4 ,security ( ?is mixture1 #aej p>ts4 ,v4--,?irty p] c5t nitro-glyc]9e2 #a p] c5t cotton collodion2 #dg4c nitrate ( ammonia2 #aa4f nitrate ( pota%2 #c4a />*2 #g p] c5t ammonium *loride4 ,?is mixture has a security ( #cej p>ts4 ,inflammable ,explosive ) ,*lorate ( ,pota%4--,take z an ag5t promot+ combu/ion1 potassium *lorate2 z a combu/ible ag5t1 an oxidiz$1 nitrat$1 or natural ros94 ,if1 to su* a mixture1 ano!r body is add$ 9 ord] to r5d] x s(t & pla/ic1 su* z oil1 nitro-b5z9e1 glucose1 glyc]9e1 ! b5efit ( ! discov]y is lo/1 = ! mixture is r5d]$ combu/ible ) nitro-b5z9e1 fecula1 sulphur1 etc41 & inexplosive ) glyc]9e1 glucose1 & ! oil4 ,( all ! *lorates & p]*lorates1 potassium *lorate 7,k,cl,o#c7 responds ! be/ to :at is desir$4 ,z to ! ros9s1 !y may be v>i$1 or ev5 mix$4 ,to obta9 ! oxidation or nitration ( ! ros9s1 !y are heat$ ) nitric acid1 m or less conc5trat$1 & ) or )\t ! addition ( sulphuric acid4 ,an oxidation1 suffici5t & )\t dang]1 c be secur$ by a simple & practical means4 ,?is is boil+ !m = sev]al h\rs 9 wat] conta9+ nitric acid1 :i* is r5ew$ f "t to "t 9 correspond5ce ) its decomposition4 ,! ros9s recomm5d$ by ,m4 ,turp9 are ( ! t]eb9?9e gr\p1 hav+ = av]age =mula ,c#bj;,h#cj,o#b4 ,colophony is ! type4 ,! products1 ?us nitrat$1 are wa%$ ) boil+ wat]1 &1 on occasion1 by a solution slightly alkal9e1 ) a f9al wa%+ ) pure wat]1 & dri$ at a temp]ature ( #bcj ,f4 or 9 ! op5 air4 ,! mix+ ( ! con/itu5ts ( ?is explosive is pref]ably cold4 ,= ?is purpose !y are us$ 9 ! /ate ( f9e p[d]1 & :5 mix$ 9 ! tub1 #b #a_/b to #e p] c5t ( a volatile dissolv5t is add$1 z alcohol1 c>bon sulphide1 e!r1 or b5z9e4 ,z soon z ?or\ghly m+l$1 ! mass is put ei!r 9 an ord9>y gra9]1 or 9 a cyl9d] ( wire clo? revolv+ horizontally on its axis1 ) glass gobilles =m+ a scre51 by ! aid ( :i* ! gra9+ is rapidly accompli%$4 ,?us a p[d] m or less f9ely granulat$ is produc$ free f du/4 ,! proportions pref]ably employ$ are3 #a4 ,potassium *lorate #he p>ts ,natural ros9 #ae p>ts #b4 ,potassium *lorate #hj p>ts ,nitrat$ ros9 #bj p>ts ,= employm5t 9 fir$amp m9es1 !re is add$ to ^! comp\nds f #bj to #dj p] c5t ( "o ( ! foll[+ sub/ances3 ,ammonium oxalate1 ammonium c>bonate1 oxalic acid1 sodium bic>bonate1 calcium fluoride1 or o!r sub/ance ( ! nature to l[] suffici5tly ! temp]ature ( ! explosive flame4 ,gun ,cotton4--,= ! production ( a high-grade gun cotton1 x is important t ! cotton us$ %\ld approa* z ne> z possible pure cellulose4 ,! wa/e f cotton mills1 ?or\ghly purifi$1 is usually employ$4 ,aft] c>eful *emical exam9ation has be5 made to asc]ta9 its fre$om f grease & o!r impurities1 ! cotton wa/e is pick$ ov] by h& to remove su* impurities z wood1 c>dbo>d1 /r+1 etc4 ,! cotton is !n pass$ ?r\gh ! 8teas+ ma*9e10 :i* op5s out all knots & lumps1 !reby r$uc+ x to a /ate m suitable = ! acid treatm5t & expos+ to view any =eign sub/ances :i* may h escap$ notice 9 ! previ\s pick+4 ,! cotton is !n dri$4 ,:5 #ccb p]fectly dry1 x is remov$ to air-tight iron cases1 9 :i* x is all[$ to cool4 ,! iron cases are tak5 to ! dipp+ h\ses1 & ! cotton wa/e weigh$ into small portions1 :i* are !n transf]r$ z rapidly z possible to ! mix$ acids1 all[$ to rema9 a few m9utes1 !n remov$ to ! grat+ & ! excess ( acid squeez$ out4 ,! cotton n[ conta9+ ab\t t5 times its weight ( acid is plac$ 9 an e>!nw>e pot & transf]r$ to ! /eep+ pits1 :]e x is all[$ to rema9 = #bd h\rs1 a l[ temp]ature be+ ma9ta9$ by a /ream ( cold wat]4 ,! cotton is n[ :olly conv]t$ into nitro-cellulose4 ,! sup]flu\s acid is next remov$ by a c5trifugal extractor1 aft] :i* ! gun cotton is tak5 out ( ! ma*9e & imm$iately imm]s$ 9 a l>ge volume ( wat]1 & ?or\ghly wa%$ until x %[s no acid reaction4 ,! moi/ure is !n run out & ! gun cotton is convey$ by tramway to ! boil+ vats1 :]e x und]goes sev]al boil+s by means ( /eam4 ,:5 ! 8heat te/0 %[s t a suffici5t degree ( /ability has be5 obta9$1 ! gun cotton is remov$ to a beat+ eng9e1 & r$uc$ to a v f9e /ate ( division4 ,:5 ?is process is complet$ ! pulp is run by gravity along wood5 %oots1 provid$ ) 8grit traps0 & electromagnets1 :i* cat* any traces ( s&1 iron1 etc41 into l>ge 8poa*]s10 9 :i* ! gun cotton is cont9u\sly agitat$1 toge!r ) a l>ge quantity ( wat]4 ,9 ?is way x is ?or\ghly wa%$ & a bl5d made ( a l>ge quantity ( gun cotton4 ,soluble ,gun ,cotton4--,soluble gun cotton is made on ! same l9es1 except t great] att5tion has to be paid to ! physical condition ( ! cotton us$1 & to ! temp]ature & /r5g? ( acid mixture1 etc4 ,! t]m 8soluble0 usually implies t ! gun cotton is dissolv$ by a mixture ( e?yl-e!r & e?yl-alcohol1 #b p>ts ( ! =m] to #a ( ! latt] be+ ! proportions :i* yield ! be/ solv5t action4 ,! classification ( nitro-celluloses accord+ to _! solubility 9 e!r-alcohol is mislead+1 except :5 ! nitrog5 cont5ts are also quot$4 ,! numb] ( solv5ts = gun cotton :i* h at v>i\s times be5 propos$ is v l>ge4 ,among ! m important may be m5tion$ ! foll[+3 ,alcohols 7us$ *iefly 9 conjunction ) o!r solv5ts71 me?yl1 e?yl1 propyl1 & amyl1 me?yl-amyl e!r1 acetic e!r1 di-e?yl-ketone1 me?yl-e?yl ketone1 amyl nitrate & acetate1 nitro-b5zole1 nitro-toluol1 nitrat$ oils1 glacial acetic acid1 camphor dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 etc4 ,"s ( ! above may be call$ selective solv5ts1 i4 e41 !y dissolve "o p>ticul> v>iety ( gun cotton bett] ?an o!rs1 s t solubility 9 any giv5 solv5t mu/ n be us$ to indicate solubility 9 ano!r4 ,no nitro-cotton is entirely soluble 9 any solv5t4 ,! solution1 aft] /&+ "s "t1 always deposits a small am\nt ( insoluble matt]4 ,!re=e1 9 mak+ collodion solutions1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to place ! conta9+ bottles 9 a place free f vibration & %ock4 ,aft] /&+ a few weeks ! cle> sup]natant liquid may be decant$ (f4 ,on a l>g] scale collodion solutions are filt]$ "u pressure ?r\gh lay]s ( tightly pack$ cotton wool4 ,! /ate ( division is important4 ,:5 ! end 9 view is ! production ( a /rong film or ?read1 x is advisable to use unpulp$ or only slightly pulp$ nitro-cellulose4 ,9 ?is condition x also dissolves m easily ?an ! f9ely pulp$ mat]ial4 ,,fulm9ates3 ,fulm9at+ ,antimony4--,t>t> emetic 7dri$71 #ajj p>ts2 lampblack or *>coal p[d]1 #c p>ts4 ,triturate toge!r1 put into a crucible t x w ?ree-f\r?s fill 7previ\sly rubb$ inside ) *>coal p[d]74 ,cov] x ) a lay] ( dry *>coal p[d]1 & lute on ! cov]4 ,aft] #c h\rs' exposure to a /rong heat 9 a rev]b]atory furnace1 & #f or #g h\rs' cool+1 cauti\sly transf] ! solid cont5ts ( ! crucible1 z quickly z possible1 )\t break+1 to a wide-m\!d /opp]$ phial1 :]e1 aft] "s "t1 x w spontane\sly crumble to a p[d]4 ,:5 ! above process is prop]ly conduct$1 ! result+ p[d] conta9s potassium1 & fulm9ates viol5tly on contact ) wat]4 ,a piece ! size ( a pea introduc$ into a mass ( gunp[d] explodes x on be+ ?r[n into wat]1 or on its be+ moi/5$ 9 any o!r mann]4 ,fulm9at+ ,bismu?4--,take bismu?1 #abj p>ts2 c>buret$ cream ( t>t>1 #fj p>ts2 nit]1 #a "p4 ,fulm9at+ ,copp]4--,dige/ copp] 79 p[d] ( fil+s7 ) fulm9ate ( m]cury or ( silv]1 & a little wat]4 #ccc ,x =ms soluble gre5 cry/als t explode ) a gre5 flame4 ,fulm9at+ ,m]cury4--,take m]cury1 #ajj p>ts2 nitric acid 7specific gravity1 #a4d71 #a1jjj p>ts 7or #gdj p>ts1 by measure74 ,dissolve by a g5tle heat1 & :5 ! solution has acquir$ ! temp]ature ( #acj ,f41 sl[ly p\r x ?r\gh a glass funnel tube into alcohol 7specific gravity1 4#hcj71 #hcj p>ts 7or #a1jjj p>ts1 by measure74 ,z soon z ! eff]vesc5ce is ov]1 & :ite fumes cease to be evolv$1 filt] ?r\gh d\ble pap]1 wa% ) cold wat]1 & dry by /eam 7n hott] ?an #bab ,f47 or hot wat]4 ,! fulm9ate is !n to be pack$ 9 #ajj-;gra9 pap] p>cels1 & ^! /or$ 9 a tight box or cork$ bottle4 ,product #acj p] c5t ( ! weight ( m]cury employ$4 ,fulm9at+ ,p[d]4--,i4--,nit]1 #c p>ts2 c>bonate ( pota% 7dry71 #b p>ts2 fl[]s ( sulphur1 #a "p2 r$uce !m sep>ately to f9e p[d]1 be=e mix+ !m4 ,a little ( ?is comp\nd 7#bj to #cj gra9s71 sl[ly heat$ on a %ovel ov] ! fire1 fir/ fuses & becomes br[n1 & !n explodes ) a deaf5+ report4 ,,ii4--,sulphur1 #a "p2 *lorate ( potassa1 #c p>ts4 ,:5 triturat$1 ) /rong pressure1 9 a m>ble or w$gwood-w>e mort>1 x produces a s]ies ( l\d reports4 ,x also fulm9ates by p]cussion4 ,,iii4--,*lorate ( potassa1 #f p>ts2 pure lampblack1 #d p>ts2 sulphur1 #a "p4 ,a little plac$ on an anvil detonates ) a l\d report :5 /ruck ) a hamm]4 ,,exposures ,,9 ,,photograph+3 ,see ,photography4 ,,extracts3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,extracts1 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,eye ,,lotions3 8,black ,eye0 ,lotion4--8,black eyes0 or o!r tempor>y discolorations ( ! sk9 may be disguis$ by ! application ( p9k grease pa9t1 or collodion color$ by means ( a little c>m9e4 ,z lotions ! foll[+ h be5 recomm5d$3 ,i4--,ammonium *loride #a "p ,alcohol #a "p ,wat] #aj p>ts ,dilut$ acetic acid may be sub/itut$ = half ( ! wat]1 & ! alcohol may be replac$ by t9cture ( arnica1 ) advantage4 ,,ii4--,potassium nitrate #ae gra9s ,ammonium *loride #cj gra9s ,aromatic v9eg> #d dra*ms ,wat] to make #h ounces4 ,,iii4--,! foll[+ is to be appli$ ) camel's-hair p5cil e #a1 #b1 or #c h\rs4 ,be c>eful n to get x 9 ! eyes1 z x sm>ts4 ,x w remove ! black discoloration ov]night3 ,oxalic acid #ae gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #a ounce ,=eign ,matt] 9 ! ,eye4--,if a piece ( iron or o!r =eign matt] 9 ! eye irritates x1 & !re is no way ( remov+ x until morn+1 take a raw ,iri% potato1 grate x1 & use z a p\ltice on ! eye4 ,x w ease ! eye s "o c sleep1 & sometimes draws ! piece out4 ,drops ( ,lime 9 ! ,eye4--,if lime has dropp$ 9 ! eye1 ! p\r+-9 ( or ! wip+-out ) a few drops ( oil is ! be/ rem$y1 z ! cau/icity ( ! lime is ,arre/$ !reby4 ,poppy-se$ oil or olive oil is prescrib$1 b pure l9se$ oil ought to r5d] ! same s]vice1 z x is also us$ 9 ! h\sehold4 ,subsequ5tly1 ! eye may be r9s$ out ) syrup1 z ! sac*>9e sub/ance w h>d5 any rema9+ p>ticles ( lime & de/roy all cau/icity entirely4 ,,fabric ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods & also ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,fabrics1 ,,wat]pro(+ ,,(3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,face ,,black ,,& ,,face ,,p[d]3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,fats ,be> ,fat4--,fre% be>s' fat is :ite & v simil> to l>d 9 appe>ance4 ,! flank fat is s(t] & m transp>5t ?an ! kidney fat1 & its odor recalls t ( fre% bacon4 ,be>s' fat diff]s f ! fats ( ! dog1 fox1 & cat 9 hav+ a l[] specific gravity1 a v l[ melt+ po9t1 & a fairly high iod9e value4 ,blea*+ ,bone ,fat4--,bone fat1 :i* is pr9cipally obta9$ f horse bones1 is v d>k color$ 9 ! crude /ate1 & ( an extremely disagreeable smell4 ,to rem$y ^! defects x may be blea*$ by ! air or *emicals1 ! =m] me?od only giv+ good results #ccd :5 ! fat has be5 recov]$ by means ( /eam4 ,x consi/s 9 cutt+ up ! fat into small fragm5ts & expos+ x to ! air = sev]al days1 ! mass be+ turn$ ov] at int]vals ) a %ovel4 ,:5 suffici5tly blea*$ 9 ?is mann]1 ! fat is boil$ ) half its own weight ( wat]1 :i* done1 ab\t #c or #d p] c5t ( salt is add$1 & ! :ole is boil$ ov] aga94 ,?is treatm5t1 :i* takes #b or #c weeks1 sweet5s ! fat1 makes x ( ! consi/5cy ( butt]1 & r$uces ! color to a pale yell[4 ,light seems to play no "p 9 ! op]ation1 ! *ange be+ effect$ solely by ! oxyg5 ( ! air4 ,! *emical treatm5t has ! advantage ( be+ m rapid1 suffici5t decoloration be+ produc$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,! fat1 :i* %\ld be free f gelat91 phosphate ( lime1 & wat]1 is plac$ 9 an iron pan along ) an equal weight ( br9e ( #ad to #ae ,b4 /r5g?1 ) :i* x is boil$ = #c h\rs & left to re/ ov]night4 ,next day ! fat is drawn (f into a wood5 vessel1 :]e x is treat$ by degrees ) a mixture ( #b p>ts ( potassium bi*romate1 dissolv$ 9 #f ( boil+ wat]1 & #h p>ts ( hydro*loric acid 7d5sity #bb ,b471 ?is quantity be+ suffici5t = #djj p>ts ( fat4 ,decoloration proce$s gradually1 & :5 complete ! fat is wa%$ ) hot wat]4 ,blea*+ ,tall[s & ,fats4--,in/ead ( expos+ to ! sun1 :i* is always att5d$ ) dang] ( r5d]+ fats rancid1 x is bett] to liquefy ^! at a g5tle heat1 & !n add #a_/e 9 weight ( a mixture ( equal p>ts ( kaol9 & wat]4 ,! fatty matt] %\ld be work$ up = a "t & !n left to sep>ate4 ,kaol9 has ! advantage ( *eapness 9 price & ( be+ readily procur$4 ,fre%ly burn$ animal *>coal w\ld p]haps be a m satisfactory decoloriz] ?an kaol91 b x is m exp5sive to />t )1 & n s easy to reg5]ate4 ,exposure ( tall[ to ! action ( /eam "u high pressure 7a temp]ature ( #bej or #bfj ,f47 is also said to r5d] x :it] & h>d]4 ,color+ ,matt] 9 ,fats4--,a simple me?od = ! detection ( ! addition ( color+ matt] to fats is "h describ$4 ,t5 p>ts1 by measure1 ( ! melt$ fat are put into a small sep>at+ funnel & dissolv$ 9 #aj p>ts1 by measure1 ( petroleum e!r4 ,! solution is !n treat$ ) #ae p>ts1 by measure1 ( glacial acetic acid & ! :ole %ak5 ?or\ghly4 ,! addition ( color+ matt] is kn[n by ! r$ or yell[ coloration :i* appe>s 9 ! l[] lay] ( acetic acid aft] ! cont5ts ( ! funnel h be5 all[$ to settle4 ,if only a slight addition ( color+ matt] is suspect$1 ! acetic acid solution is run (f into a porcela9 bas9 & ! latt] heat$ on a wat] ba?1 :5 ! coloration w be se5 m readily4 ,?is te/ is int5d$ = butt] & m>g>9e1 b is also suitable = tall[1 l>d1 etc4 ,fatty ,acid ,f]m5tation ,process4--,! production ( fatty acids f fats & oils by f]m5tation is gr[+ 9 importance4 ,^! p>ticul>s1 :i* are ! actual results f rec5t exp]im5ts on a some:at ext5d$ scale1 are giv53 ,sev5 hundr$ & fifty p\nds ( cottonse$ oil are mix$ ) #de gallons ( wat] & #c #a_/b p\nds ( acetic acid2 ?is mixture is heat$ to a temp]ature ( #he ,f4 ,ca/or-oil se$s1 #ec p\nds1 decorticat$ & gr\nd1 are mix$ ?or\ghly ) #c gallons ( wat] & #d #a_/b gallons ( ! oil1 & ?is mixture is /irr$ into ! oil & wat]2 ! :ole mass is !n kept mix$ = #ab h\rs by bl[+ air ?r\gh1 aft] :i* x is all[$ to /& = ano!r #ab h\rs1 be+ giv5 a g5tle /ir by h& at ! end ( e h\r4 ,aft] #bd h\rs ! mass is heat$ to a temp]ature ( #ahj ,f41 :i* /ops ! f]m5tation & at ! same "t all[s ! fatty acids to sep>ate m freely4 ,to assi/ 9 ?is effect !re is add$ #a gallon ( sulphuric acid 7#a 9 #c7 solution4 ,aft] #b h\rs' /&+1 ! mass w h sep>at$ into ?ree lay]s--fatty acids on ! top1 glyc]9e wat] bel[1 & a middle1 undef9$ lay]4 ,! glyc]9e wat] is run away1 & ! :ole mass left to /& = #b h\rs4 ,! middle portion is run (f f ! sep>at$ fatty acids into ano!r vessel1 :]e x is mix$ ) #aj gallons ( hot wat]1 ?or\ghly /irr$1 & all[$ to /& = #af h\rs or m4 ,! wat]y lay] at ! bottom1 :i* conta9s "s glyc]9e1 is !n run (f1 :ile ! residue is mix$ ) a fur!r quantity ( #aj gallons ( wat]1 & aga9 all[$ to /&4 ,! wat] :i* sep>ates out1 also ! lay] ( fatty acids t =ms on ! top1 are run (f & mix$ ) ! portions previ\sly obta9$4 ,! v>i\s glyc]9e wat]s are treat$ to recov] ! glyc]9e1 :ile ! fatty acids are made m>ketable 9 any conv5i5t way4 #cce ,pres]vation ( ,fats4--,to produce fats & oils conta9+ bo? iod9e & sulphur1 :]eby !y are pres]v$ f go+ rancid1 & consequ5tly c be utiliz$ to m advantage = ! usual purposes1 su* z ! manufacture ( soaps1 c&les1 etc41 foll[+ is ! ,loebell me?od3 ,! ess5tial feature ( ! process is t ! iod9e is n m]ely held 9 solution by ! oil or fat1 b ent]s into *emical comb9ation ) ! same2 ! sulphur also comb9es *emically ) ! oil or fat1 & f _! reactions ! pres]v+ prop]ties are d]iv$4 ,! process consi/s ( heat+1 = example1 #f p>ts ( oil ) #a "p ( sulphur to a temp]ature v>y+ betwe5 #cjj & #djj ,f41 !n1 :5 at ab\t #aie ,f41 a solution ( iod9e & oil is add$ to ! mixture1 :i* is con/antly agitat$ until cool to prev5t lumps =m+4 ,a product is ?us obta9$ :i* acquires ! consi/5cy ( butt]1 & conta9s bo? iod9e & sulphur 9 comb9ation4 ,purify+ ,oils & ,fats4--,9 purify+ fatty oils & fats = edible purposes ! *ief ?+ is to remove ! free fatty acids1 :i* is done by ! aid ( solutions ( alkalies & alkal9e e>?s4 ,! subsequ5t precipitation ( ! result+ soapy emulsions1 especially :5 lime is us$1 entails prolong$ heat+ to temp]atures sometimes z high z ! boil+ po9t ( wat]4 ,fur!rmore1 ! am\nt ( alkalies tak5 is always great] ?an is *emically necess>y1 ! consequ5ce be+ t "s ( ! organic sub/ances pres5t are attack$1 & malodor\s products are =m$1 a condition necessitat+ ! employm5t ( animal *>coal1 etc41 z deodoriz]4 ,to prev5t ! =mation ( ^! unt[>d products1 :i* mu/ injuri\sly affect ! quality ( edible oils1 ,c4 ,fres5ius proposes to accel]ate ! disp]sion ( ! said emulsions by subject+ ! mixtures to an excess pressure ( #a to #a #a_/b atmosph]es & a correspond+ temp]ature ( ab\t #bbj ,f41 = a %ort "t1 ! =mation ( decomposition products1 & any injuri\s influ5ce on ! ta/e & smell ( ! sub/ance be+ prev5t$ by ! addition ( fre% *>coal1 etc41 be=eh&4 ,*>coal may1 & mu/ 9 c]ta9 cases1 be replac$ = ?is purpose by infusorial e>? or full]'s e>?4 ,:5 ?is process is appli$ to cottonse$ oil1 #ajj p>ts ( ! oil are mix$ ) #a_/aj "p ( fre%1 pure *>coal1 & #a_/b "p ( pure full]'s e>?4 ,! mixture is next neutraliz$ ) lime-wat]1 & plac$ 9 an autoclave1 :]e x is kept = an h\r "u pressure1 & at a temp]ature ( #bbj ,f4 ,"u ^! conditions ! emulsion soon sep>ates1 & :5 ?is is accompli%$ ! :ole is left to cool d[n 9 a clos$ vessel4 ,,fats1 ,,decomposition ,,(3 ,see ,oil4 ,,fea!r ,,blea*+ ,,& ,,color+3 ,see also ,dyes4 ,blea*+ & ,color+ ,fea!rs4--,fea!rs1 9 _! natural /ate1 are n adapt$ to und]go ! processes ( dye+ & blea*+2 !y mu/ be prep>$ by remov+ _! oil & dirt4 ,?is is usually done by wa%+ !m 9 mod]ately w>m soap & wat]1 & r9s+ 9 w>m & cold wat]2 or ! oil may be *emically remov$ by ! use ( b5z9e4 ,to remove x entirely1 ! fea!rs mu/ be left 9 ! cleans+ fluid f a half h\r to an h\r1 :5 !y may be subject$ to ! process ( blea*+4 ,blea*+ ,plumes4--,plumes may be almo/ entirely blea*$ by ! use ( hydrog5 p]oxide1 )\t injur+ _! texture4 ,9 specially con/ruct$ glass tr\ghs1 made ! l5g? ( an av]age o/ri* fea!r1 #ae or #bj ( ^! fea!rs c be treat$ at a "t4 ,! blea*+ fluid is made f a #cj p] c5t solution ( hydrog5 p]oxide1 ) en\gh ammonia add$ to make x neutral2 9 o!r words :5 neutral1 blue litmus pap] w n turn r$1 & r$ w take a pale violet t+e4 ,! previ\sly cleans$ fea!rs are entirely imm]s$ 9 ?is blea*+ ba?1 :i* may be dilut$ if desir$4 ,! tr\gh is cov]$ ) a glass plate & put 9 a d>k place4 ,f "t to "t ! fea!rs are /irr$ & turn$1 add+ m hydrog5 p]oxide4 ,?is process requires #aj to #ab h\rs & if necess>y %\ld be repeat$4 ,aft] blea*+ !y are r9s$ 9 di/ill$ wat] or ra9 wat]1 dri$ 9 ! air1 & kept 9 motion :ile dry+4 ,to insure success 9 color+ fea!rs 9 delicate t9ts1 !y mu/ be free f all impurities1 & ev5ly :ite4 ,x has be5 f\nd ( advantage to rub ! quill ( heavy o/ri* plumes :ile /ill moi/ ) c>bonate ( ammonia be=e ! dye+ is begun4 ,me?ods ( ,dye+ ,fea!rs4--,i4--,a boil+ hot neutral solution1 ! fea!rs to be dri$ 9 a rotat+ app>atus4 ,suitable dyes = ?is me?od are *rysoid91 #ccf ,a1 ,c2 cry/al vesuv91 #d ,b ,c2 phosph9 extra1 lea!r yell[1 ,o ,h2 lea!r r$1 ,o1 ,g ,b2 lea!r br[n1 ,o2 morocco r$1 ,o2 azophocph9e1 ,g ,o1 ,b ,r ,o2 fu*s9e1 c]ise1 ,g ,r2 gr5ad9e1 ,o2 safran9e1 ,o2 me?yl5e violet1 mala*ite gre51 cry/al brilliant gre51 me?yl5e gre51 me?yl5e gray1 coal black ,,ii4 ,,ii4--,a boil+ hot sulphuric solution4 ,dyes1 acid fu*s9e1 orseill9e1 ,r ,b2 acid c]ise1 ,o2 acid m>oon1 ,o2 opal blue1 blue de lyon1 ,r ,b2 cotton blue1 ,no4 #b1 ,*9a blue ,no4 #b1 naph?al5e gre51 ,o2 pat5t blue1 ,v ,a2 fa/ blue1 ,o ,r2 fa/ blue black1 ,o2 deep black1 ,g2 azo yell[1 victor9e yell[1 orange ,no4 #b1 fa/ br[n ,o1 ponceau ,g ,r ,r ,r1 fa/ r$ ,o1 ,bordeaux1 ,g ,b ,r4 ,,iii4--,an acetic solution4 ,dyes1 ,b5gal p9k ,g ,b1 phlox9e ,g ,o1 rosolan ,o ,b ,o ,f1 rhodam9e ,o #d ,g1 eos9e ,a ,g1 ery?ros9e4 ,by appropriate mixtures ( ! dyes ( any "o class1 plumes c be dy$ e possible color4 ,aft] dye+ !y are r9s$1 & dri$ 9 a rotat+ app>atus4 ,! f9al process is t ( curl+1 :i* is done by turn+ !m r\nd & r\nd ov] a g5tle heat4 ,= :ite fea!rs a little sulphur may be burn$ 9 ! fire2 = black or color$ ones a little sug>4 ,,iv4--,! spray me?od4 ,! solution ( ! dye to be us$ is put into an atomiz]1 & ! spray direct$ to t "p ( ! fea!r :i* x is desir$ to color4 ,by us+ diff]5t colors ! mo/ m>vel\s effects & mo/ delicate transitions f "o color to ano!r are obta9$4 ,any k9d ( an atomiz] c be us$1 ! rubb] bulb1 pump1 or bell[s2 ! result is ! same4 ,,felt ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,f]m5tation ,,process1 ,,fatty ,,acid3 ,see ,fats4 ,,f]m5tation1 ,,prev5tion ,,(3 ,see ,anti-,f]m5ts & ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,f]r\s ,,oxalate ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,f]tiliz]s 7,see also ,phosphate1 ,artificial47 ,plant ,f]tiliz]s4--,plants are z s5sitive to excessively m9ute quantities ( nutri5t sub/ances1 su* z salts ( potassium1 9 ! soil1 z !y are to m9ute quantities ( poison\s sub/ances4 ,poisons are said to be inf9itely m s5sitive reag5ts = ! pres5ce ( c]ta9 metallic salts ?an ! mo/ delicate *emical1 ! /atem5t hav+ be5 made t a trace ( copp] :i* might be obta9$ by di/ill+ 9 a copp] retort is fatal to ! :ite & yell[ lup91 ! ca/or-oil plant1 & spirogyra4 ,c\p9 has f\nd salts ( silv]1 m]cury1 copp]1 & cadmium especially fatal to plants4 ,) copp] sulphate ! limit ( s5sitiv5ess is plac$ at #a 9 #gjj1jjj1jjj4 ,devaux ass]ts t bo? phan]ogams & cryptogams are poison$ by solutions ( salts ( lead or copp] dilut$ to ! ext5t ( #a 9 #aj1jjj1jjj1 or less4 ,z a result ( a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 ,s*loes+ /at$ t ! nitrification ( ammonium salts is n = all plants a necess>y prelim9>y to ! absorption ( nitrog5 by ! plant4 ,:ile = "s plants1 z = example buck:eat1 ! pref]able =m ( ! food mat]ial is t ( a nitrate1 o!rs1 = in/ance1 tropeolum1 ?rive ev5 bett] :5 ! nitrog5 is pres5t$ to !m 9 an ammoniacal =m4 ,artificial ,f]tiliz]s = ,pot ,plants4--,exp]im5ts on vegetation h %[n t a plant w ?rive :5 ! lack+ sub/ances are suppli$ 9 a suitable =m1 e4 g41 9 ! foll[+ comb9ations3 ,i4--,calcium nitrate1 potassium nitrate1 potassium phosphate1 magnesium phosphate1 f]ric phosphate 7sodium *loride74 ,,ii4--,calcium nitrate1 ammonium nitrate1 potassium sulphate1 magnesium phosphate1 iron *loride 7or sulphate7 7sodium silicate74 ,x is well kn[n t 9 nature nitrates are =m$ :]ev] decomposition ( organic nitrog5\s sub/ances takes place 9 ! air1 ! ammonia =m$ by ! decomposition be+ oxidiz$ to nitric acid4 ,^! conditions = ! =mation ( nitrates are pres5t 9 ne>ly e cornfield1 & !y are also ! cause ( ! pres5ce ( nitrates 9 wat] t has its s\rce ne> /ables1 etc4 ,9 ,p]uvian guano nitrog5 is pres5t p>tly 9 ! =m ( potassium nitrate1 p>tly z ammonium phosphate & sulphate4 ,z a nitrate x acts m rapidly ?an 9 ! =m ( ammonia1 b 9 ! latt] case ! effect is m la/+4 ,phosphoric acid occurs 9 guano comb9$ ) ammonia1 pota%1 & *iefly ) lime1 ! la/ be+ sl[] & m la/+ 9 action ?an ! o!rs4 #ccg ,ne>ly all artificial f]tiliz]s con=m1 m or less1 to "o ( ! foll[+ g5]al =mulas3 ,i4--,artificial ,fl[] ,f]tiliz]4-- #a #b #c ,ammonium nitrate #j4dj #a4fj #dj4j p>ts ,ammonium phosphate #j4bj #j4hj #bj4j p>ts ,potassium nitrate #j4be #a4jj #be4j p>ts ,ammonium *loride #j4je #j4bj #e4j p>ts ,calcium sulphate #j4jf #j4bd #f4j p>ts ,f]r\s sulphate #j4jd #j4af #d4j p>ts #a4jj #d4jj #ajj4j p>ts ,dissolve #a "p 9 #a1jjj p>ts wat]1 & wat] ! fl[]s ) x #b or #c times weekly4 ,dissolve #d p>ts 9 #a1jjj p>ts wat]1 & wat] ) ?is quantity #aj or #ab pots ( m$ium size4 ,,ii4--,compo/ = ,indoor ,plants4-- #a #b #c ,ammonium sulphate #j4cj #a4bj #cj4j p>ts ,sodium *loride #j4cj #a4bj #cj4j p>ts ,potassium nitrate #j4ae #j4fj #ae4j p>ts ,magnesium sulphate #j4ae #j4fj #ae4j p>ts ,magnesium phosphate #j4jd #j4bj #d4j p>ts ,sodium phosphate #j4jf #j4bd #f4j p>ts #a4jj #d4jj #ajj4j p>ts ,"o "p to be dissolv$ 9 #a1jjj p>ts wat] & ! fl[]s wat]$ up to #c times daily4 ,dissolve #d p>ts 9 #a1jjj p>ts wat]1 & wat] ) ?is solution daily3 ,,iii4--,plant ,food ,solution4-- #a #b ,potassium *loride #j4af or #ab4e p>ts ,calcium nitrate #j4ga or #eh4j p>ts ,magnesium sulphate #j4abe or #ab4j p>ts ,potassium phosphate #j4acc or #ae4j p>ts ,iron phosphate1 rec5tly precipitat$ #j4jcb or #b4e p>ts #a4afj or #ajj4j p>ts ,?is turbid mixture 7#a "p 9 #a1jjj p>ts7 is us$ alt]nately ) wat] = wat]+ a pot ( ab\t #a qu>t capacity2 = small] or l>g] pots 9 proportion4 ,aft] us+ ! am\nt indicat$1 ! wat]+ is cont9u$ ) wat] alone4 ,,iv4--,f]tiliz] ) ,organic ,matt]1 = ,pot ,fl[]s4-- ,potassium nitrate #ajj4j p>ts ,ammonium phosphate #ajj4j p>ts ,phosphoric acid #b4e p>ts ,simple syrup #a1jjj p>ts ,add n m ?an #aj p>ts to #a1jjj p>ts wat]1 & wat] alt]nately ) ?is & ) wat] alone4 ,= cactace1 crassulace1 & simil> plants1 :i* d n assimilate organic matt] directly1 use di/ill$ wat] in/ead ( syrup4 ,*lorotic plants are pa9t$ ) a dilute iron solution or iron is add$ to ! soil1 :i* causes !m to assume _! natural gre5 color4 ,! iron is us$ 9 =m ( f]ric *loride or f]r\s sulphate4 ,v4--,sodium phosphate #d ounces ,sodium nitrate #d ounces ,ammonium sulphate #b ounces ,sug> #a ounce ,use #b teaspoonfuls to a gallon ( wat]4 ,,vi4--,ammonium phosphate #cj p>ts ,sodium nitrate #be p>ts ,potassium nitrate #be p>ts ,ammonium sulphate #bj p>ts ,wat] #ajj1jjj p>ts ,"o application ( ?is a week is en\gh = ! sl[] gr[+ plants1 & #b = ! m rapid gr[+ h]bace\s ones4 ,,vii4--,calcium phosphate #d ounces ,potassium nitrate #a ounce ,potassium phosphate #a ounce ,magnesium sulphate #a ounce ,iron 7f]ric7 phosphate #ajj gra9s ,,viii4--,pot plants1 especially fl[]+ plants kept ar\nd ! h\se1 %\ld be treat$ to an occasional dose ( ! foll[+3 ,ammonium *loride #b p>ts ,sodium phosphate #d p>ts ,sodium nitrate #c p>ts ,wat] #hj p>ts ,mix & dissolve4 ,to use1 add #be drops to ! qu>t ( wat]1 & use z 9 ord9>y wat]+4 ,,ix4--,sug> #a "p ,potassium nitrate #b p>ts ,ammonium sulphate #d p>ts ,x4--,f]ric phosphate #a "p ,magnesium sulphate #b p>ts ,potassium phosphate #b p>ts ,potassium nitrate #b p>ts ,calcium acid phosphate #h p>ts ,ab\t a teaspoonful ( ei!r ( ^! mixtures is add$ to a gallon ( wat]1 & ! plants spr9kl$ ) ! liquid4 ,= ha/5+ ! gr[? ( fl[]s1 ! foll[+ f]tiliz] is recomm5d$3 #cch ,,xi4--,potassium nitrate #cj p>ts ,potassium phosphate #be p>ts ,ammonium sulphate #aj p>ts ,ammonium nitrate #ce p>ts ,! foll[+ five are especially recomm5d$ = indoor use3 ,,xii4--,sodium *loride #aj p>ts ,potassium nitrate #e p>ts ,magnesium sulphate #e p>ts ,magnesia #a "p ,sodium phosphate #b p>ts ,mix$ & bottl$4 ,dissolve a teaspoonful daily 9 a qu>t ( wat] & wat] ! plants ) ! solution4 ,,xiii4--,ammonium nitrate #dj p>ts ,potassium nitrate #ij p>ts ,ammonium phosphate #ej p>ts ,two grams is suffici5t = a m$ium-siz$ fl[] pot4 ,,xiv4--,ammonium sulphate #aj p>ts ,sodium *loride #aj p>ts ,potassium nitrate #e p>ts ,magnesium sulphate #e p>ts ,magnesium c>bonate #a "p ,sodium phosphate #bj p>ts ,"o teaspoonful to #a qu>t ( wat]4 ,,xv4--,ammonium nitrate #dj p>ts ,ammonium phosphate #bj p>ts ,potassium nitrate #j4be p>ts ,ammonium *loride #e p>ts ,calcium sulphate #f p>ts ,f]r\s sulphate #d p>ts ,dissolve #b p>ts 9 #a1jjj ( wat]1 & wat] ! plants ) ! solution4 ,,xvi4--,potassium nitrate #bj p>ts ,potassium phosphate #be p>ts ,ammonium sulphate #aj p>ts ,ammonium nitrate #ce p>ts ,?is mixture produces a luxuriant foliage4 ,if blooms are desir$1 disp5se ) ! ammonium nitrate4 ,,xvii4--,saltpet]1 #e p>ts2 cook+ salt1 #aj p>ts2 bitt] salt1 #e p>ts2 magnesia1 #a "p2 sodium phosphate1 #b p>ts4 ,mix & fill 9 bottles4 ,dissolve a teaspoonful 9 #a #c_/d p9ts ( hot wat]1 & wat] ! fl[] pots ) x ea* day4 ,,xviii4--,ammonium sulphate1 #cj p>ts2 sodium *loride1 #cj p>ts2 pota% nit]1 #ae p>ts2 magnesium sulphate1 #ae p>ts2 magnesium phosphate1 #d p>ts2 sodium phosphate1 #f p>ts4 ,dissolve #a "p 9 #a1jjj p>ts wat]1 & apply #c times p] day4 ,,xix4--,calcium nitrate1 #ga p>ts2 potassium *lorate1 #ae p>ts2 magnesium sulphate1 #ab4e p>ts2 potassium phosphate1 #ac4c p>ts2 fre%ly precipitat$ f]ric phosphate1 #c4b p>ts4 ,a solution ( #a 9 #a1jjj ( ?is mixture is appli$1 alt]nat+ ) wat]1 to ! plants4 ,aft] us+ a c]ta9 quantity1 p\r on only wat]4 ,,xx4--,ammonium phosphate1 #cjj p>ts2 sodium nitrate1 #bej p>ts2 potassium nitrate1 #bej p>ts2 & ammonium sulphate1 #bjj p>ts1 are mix$ toge!r4 ,to e #a1jjj p>ts ( wat] dissolve #b p>ts ( ! mixture1 & wat] ! pott$ plants once a week ) ?is solution4 ,,xxi4--,pota% nit]1 #bj p>ts2 calcium c>bonate1 #bj p>ts2 sodium *lorate1 #bj p>ts2 calcium phosphate1 #bj p>ts2 sodium silicate1 #ad p>ts2 f]r\s sulphate1 #a4e p>ts4 ,dissolve #a "p ( ! mixture 9 #a1jjj p>ts wat]4 ,prep>+ ,bone = ,f]tiliz]4--,bone1 9 its v>i\s =ms1 is ! only "o ( ! insoluble phosphates t is n[ us$ directly ^u ! soil1 or )\t o!r *ange ?an is accompli%$ by me*anical action or gr9d+4 ,! t]ms us$ to indicate ! "* ( ! bone h ref]5ce r to _! me*anical =m ?an to ! relative availability ( ! phosphoric acid conta9$ 9 !m4 ,! t]ms raw bone1 f9e bone1 boil$ & /eam$ bone1 etc41 are us$ to indicate me?ods ( prep>ation1 & inasmu* z bone is a mat]ial :i* is useful l>gely 9 proportion to its rate ( decay1 its f95ess has an important be>+ ^u availability1 s9ce ! f9] ! bone ! m surface is expos$ to ! action ( ^? =ces :i* cause decay or solution1 & ! quick] w ! con/itu5ts become available4 ,9 ! process ( boil+ or /eam+1 n only is ! bone made f9] b its physical "* 9 o!r respects is also *ang$1 ! p>ticles1 :e!r f9e or co>se1 be+ made s(t & crumbly r ?an d5se or h>d2 h5ce x is m likely to act quickly ?an if ! same degree ( f95ess be obta9$ by simple gr9d+4 ,! phosphoric acid 9 f9e /eam$ bone may all become available 9 #a or #b ye>s1 :ile ! co>s] fatty raw bone sometimes resi/s f9al decay = #c or #d ye>s or ev5 long]4 #cci ,bone conta9s consid]able nitrog51 a fact :i* %\ld be rememb]$ 9 its use1 p>ticul>ly if us$ 9 comp>ison ) o!r phosphatic mat]ials :i* d n conta9 ?is elem5t4 ,pure raw bone conta9s on an av]age #bb p] c5t ( phosphoric acid & #d p] c5t ( nitrog54 ,by /eam+ or boil+1 a portion ( ! organic sub/ance conta9+ nitrog5 is extract$1 :i* has ! effect ( proportionately increas+ ! phosphoric acid 9 ! product2 h5ce a /eam$ bone may conta9 z high z #bh p] c5t ( phosphoric acid & z l[ z #a p] c5t ( nitrog54 ,/eam$ bone is usually1 !re=e1 mu* ri*] 9 phosphoric acid & has less nitrog5 ?an ! raw bone4 ,brew]s' ,yea/ & ,f]tiliz]s4--,a mixture is made ( ab\t #b p>ts ( yea/ ) #a "p ( sodium *loride & #e p>ts ( calcium sulphate1 by weight1 = use z a manure4 ,pure or impure yea/1 or yea/ previ\sly treat$ = ! extraction ( a portion ( its con/itu5ts1 may be us$1 & ! gypsum may be replac$ by o!r e>?y sub/ances ( a simil> non-corrosive nature4 ,au?orities seem to agree t lime is necess>y to ! plant1 & if x be :olly lack+ 9 ! soil1 ev5 ?\gh an abundance ( all ! o!r ess5tial elem5ts is pres5t1 x _c develop normally4 ,_m soils are well provid$ ) lime by nature & x is seldom or nev] necess>y = ^? :o cultivate !m to resort to lim+4 ,x w\ld be j z irrational to apply lime :]e x is n ne$$ z to omit x :]e x is requir$1 & h5ce arises ! necessity ( asc]ta9+ ! ne$s ( p>ticul> soils 9 ?is respect4 ,! me?od usually resort$ to = asc]ta9+ ! am\nt ( lime 9 soils is to treat !m ) "s /rong m9]al acid1 su* z hydro*loric acid1 & det]m9e ! am\nt ( lime :i* is ?us dissolv$4 ,! fact t beets ( all k9ds make a ready response to lim+ on soils :i* are defici5t 9 lime may be utiliz$ z ! basis ( te/+4 ,,fev] ,,9 ,,cattle3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,fig ,,squ>es3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,files ,composition ,files4--,^! files1 :i* are frequ5tly us$ by wat*mak]s & o!r metal work]s = gr9d+ & poli%+1 & ! color ( :i* resembles silv]1 are compos$ ( #h p>ts copp]1 #b p>ts t91 #a "p z9c1 #a "p lead4 ,!y are ca/ 9 =ms & treat$ ^u ! gr9d/one2 ! metal is v h>d1 & !re=e work$ ) difficulty ) ! file4 ,to ,keep ,files ,clean 7see also ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods74--,! unev5 work+ ( a file is usually due to ! fact t fil+s clog ! tee? ( ! file4 ,to obviate ?is evil1 scrat* bru% ! files be=e use1 & !n grease !m ) olive oil4 ,a file prep>$ 9 ?is mann] la/s = a long] "t1 does n become s quickly fill$ ) fil+s & c be conv5i5tly clean$ ) an ord9>y r\gh bru%4 ,recutt+ ,old ,files4--,old files may be r5d]$ useful aga9 by ! foll[+ process3 ,boil !m 9 a pota% ba?1 bru% !m ) a h>d bru% & wipe (f4 ,plunge = half a m9ute into nitric acid1 & pass ov] a clo? /ret*$ tightly on a flat piece ( wood4 ,! effect w be t ! acid rema9s 9 ! grooves1 & w take away ! /eel )\t attack+ ! top1 :i* has be5 wip$ dry4 ,! op]ation may be repeat$ accord+ to ! dep? to be obta9$4 ,be=e us+ ! files ?us treat$ !y %\ld be r9s$ 9 wat] & dri$4 ,,file ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,fill]s ,,= ,,lett]s3 ,see ,lett]+4 ,,fill]s ,,= ,,wood3 ,see ,wood4 ,,filt]s ,,= ,,wat]4 ,a filt] :i* possesses ! advantages ( be+ easily & *eaply clean$ :5 dirty1 & :i* frees wat] f me*anical impurities ) rapidity1 may be =m$ by plac+ a /ratum ( sponge betwe5 two p]=at$ metallic plates1 unit$ by a c5tral screw1 & arrang$ 9 su* a mann] z to p]mit ( ! sponge be+ compress$ z requir$4 ,wat]1 "u g5tle pressure1 fl[s ) su* rapidity ?r\gh ! pores ( compress$ sponge1 t x is said t a few squ>e feet ( ?is sub/ance w p]fectly filt] sev]al millions ( gallons ( wat] daily4 ,! sponges are clean$ ?or\ghly1 roll$ toge!r z mu* z possible1 & plac$ 9 ! escape pipe ( a p]colator 9 su* a mann] t ! l>g] portion ( ! sponge is 9 ! pipe :ile ! small] portion1 spread+ by itself1 protrudes ov] ! pipe t[>d ! int]ior #cdj ( ! p]colator1 ?us =m+ a flat filt] cov]+ x4 ,aft] a ?or\gh moi/5+ ( ! sponge x is said to admit ( a v quick & cle> filtration ( l>ge quantities ( t9ctures1 juices1 etc4 ,= filt]+ wat] on a small scale1 & = dome/ic use1 8alc>razas10 diaphragms ( por\s e>!nw>e & filt]+-/one & lay]s ( s& & *>coal1 etc41 are commonly employ$ z filt]+4 ,a *eap1 useful =m ( portable filt] is ! foll[+1 giv5 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,briti% ,association3 8,take any common vessel1 p]=at$ bel[1 su* z a fl[] pot1 fill ! l[] portion ) co>se pebbles1 ov] :i* place a lay] ( f9] ones1 & on ^! a lay] ( clean co>se s&4 ,on ! top ( ?is a piece ( burnt clay p]=at$ ) small holes %\ld be put1 & on ?is aga9 a /ratum ( #c or #d in*es ?ick ( well-burnt1 p\nd$ animal *>coal4 ,a filt] ?us =m$ w la/ a consid]able "t1 & w be f\nd p>ticul>ly useful 9 remov+ noxi\s & putresc5t sub/ances held 9 solution by wat]40 ,! 8portable filt]s10 9 /onew>e1 t are commonly sold 9 ! %ops1 conta9 a /ratum ( s&1 or co>sely p[d]$ *>coal2 be=e1 h[ev]1 hav+ access to ?is1 ! wat] has to pass ?r\gh a sponge1 to remove ! co>s] portion ( ! impurities4 ,alum ,process ( ,wat] ,purification4--,wat] may be filt]$ & purifi$ by precipitation1 by means ( alum1 by add+ a #d p] c5t solution to ! wat] to be cl>ifi$ until a precipitate is no long] produc$4 ,aft] all[+ ! turbid mixture to /& = #h h\rs1 ! cle> portion may be decant$ or be siphon$ (f4 ,ab\t #b gra9s ( alum is ord9>ily requir$ to purify a gallon ( wat]4 ,potassa alum only %\ld be us$1 z ammonia alum _c be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,! am\nt ( alum requir$ v>ies ) ! wat]1 s t an initial exp]im5t is requir$ :5ev] wat] f a new s\rce is be+ purifi$4 ,if ! purification is prop]ly done1 ! wat] w n conta9 any alum1 b only a trace ( potassium sulphate1 = ! alum9um ( ! d\ble sulphate unites ) ! v>i\s impurities to =m an insoluble comp\nd :i* gradually settles out1 me*anically c>ry+ ) x susp5d$ matt]1 :ile ! sulphuric acid radical unites ) ! calcium 9 ! wat] to =m insoluble calcium sulphate4 ,,filt] ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,film-,,/ripp+3 ,see ,photography4 ,,f+]-,,tips1 ,,sp>ks ,,f3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,fires1 ,,color$3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,fire>m ,,lubricants3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,fire ,,ext+ui%]s3 ,i4--,calcium *loride #ahd p>ts ,magnesium *loride #eg p>ts ,sodium *loride #ac p>ts ,potassium bromide #bb p>ts ,b>ium *loride #c p>ts ,wat] to make #a1jjj p>ts ,dissolve & fill into h& gr5ades4 ,,ii4--,iron sulphate #d p>ts ,ammonium sulphate #af p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,mix1 dissolve1 & fill into flasks4 ,,iii4--,sodium *loride #dcj p>ts ,alum #aie p>ts ,glaub] salts #ej p>ts ,sodium c>bonate1 impure #ce p>ts ,wat] glass #bff p>ts ,wat] #bcc p>ts ,mix1 etc4 ,,iv4--,sodium *loride #ij p>ts ,ammonium *loride #de p>ts ,wat] #cjj p>ts ,mix1 dissolve1 & put into qu>t flasks ( v ?9 glass1 :i* are to be kept conv5i5tly dispos$ 9 ! dwell+ rooms1 etc41 ( all public in/itutions4 ,v4--,make #f solutions z foll[s3 a4--,ammonium *loride #bj p>ts ,wat] #b1jjj p>ts b4--,alum1 calc9$ & p[d]$ #ce p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj p>ts c4--,ammonium sulphate1 p[d]$ #cj p>ts ,wat] #ejj p>ts d4--,sodium *loride #bj p>ts ,wat] #d1jjj p>ts e4--,sodium c>bonate #ce p>ts ,wat] #ejj p>ts f4--,liquid wat] glass #dej p>ts #cda ,mix ! solutions 9 ! ord] nam$ & to ! mixture1 :ile /ill yell[ & turbid1 add #b1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 & let /&4 ,:5 ! precipitate has subsid$ fill (f ! cle> liquid into ?9 glass 7pref]ably blue1 to det] decomposition7 conta9]s ea* ( #c p9ts to a half gallon capacity4 ,,vi4--,calcium *loride #cj p>ts ,magnesium *loride #aj p>ts ,wat] #fj p>ts ,,vii4--,sodium *loride #bj p>ts ,ammonium *loride #i p>ts ,wat] #ga p>ts ,,viii4--,sodium c>bonate #af p>ts ,sodium *loride #fd p>ts ,wat] #ibj p>ts ,! mo/ effective ( all ext+ui%]s is ammonia wat]4 ,x is almo/ in/antane\s 9 its effect1 & a small quantity only is requir$ to ext+ui% any fire4 ,next 9 value is c>bonic acid gas4 ,?is may be ?r[n f siphons or soda-wat] tanks4 ,! vessel conta9+ x %\ld be ?r[n into ! fire 9 su* a way z to insure its break+4 ,dry ,p[d] ,fire ,ext+ui%]s4--,! efficacy ( ^! is d\bt$ by good au?orities4 ,!y %\ld be te/$ be=e adoption4 ,i4--,alum #bd p>ts ,ammonium sulphate #eb p>ts ,f]r\s sulphate #d p>ts ,,ii4--,sodium *loride #h p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #f p>ts ,sodium sulphate #b p>ts ,calcium *loride #b p>ts ,sodium silicate #b p>ts ,,iii4--,sodium *loride #f p>ts ,ammonium *loride #f p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #h p>ts ,,iv4--,ammonium *loride #aj p>ts ,sodium sulphate #f p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #d p>ts ,oil ,ext+ui%]4--,to ext+ui% oils :i* h tak5 fire1 a f9e-me%$ wire net ( ! size ( a boil+ pan %\ld be kept on h& 9 e v>ni% factory1 etc4 ,9 ! same mom5t :5 ! nett+ is laid ^u ! burn+ surface1 ! flame is ext+ui%$ because x is a gl[+ mass ( gas1 :i* ! iron wire quickly cools (f s t x _c gl[ any m4 ,! use ( wat] is exclud$1 & t ( e>? & s& undesirable1 because bo? dirty ! oil4 ,sub/itute = ,fire ,gr5ades4--,a common qu>t bottle fill$ ) a saturat$ solution ( common salt makes a *eap & effici5t sub/itute = ! ord9>y h& gr5ade4 ,! salt =ms a coat+ on all t ! wat] t\*es & makes x ne>ly incombu/ible4 ,firepro(+ ,= ,textiles4--,i4--,up to ! pres5t ?is has g5]ally be5 accompli%$ by ! use ( a comb9ation ( wat] glass or soluble glass & tung/ate ( soda4 ,! foll[+ is *eap] & m suitable = ! purpose3 ,equal p>ts1 by weight1 ( comm]cial :ite copp]as1 ,epsom salt1 & sal ammoniac are m+l$ toge!r & mix$ ) ?ree times _! weight ( ammonia alum4 ,?is mixture soon *anges into a moi/ pulp or pa/e1 t mu/ be dri$ by a l[ heat4 ,:5 dress+ ! mat]ial1 add #a_/b "p ( ?is comb9ation to e #a "p ( />*4 ,,ii4--,good results are also obta9$ f ! foll[+ =mula3 ,sup]saturate a quantity ( sup]phosphate ( lime ) ammonia1 filt]1 & decolorize x ) animal *>coal4 ,conc5trate ! solution & mix ) x #e p] c5t ( gelat9\s silica1 evaporate ! wat]1 dry1 & pulv]ize4 ,= use mix #cj p>ts ( ?is p[d] ) #ce p>ts ( gum & #ce p>ts ( />* 9 suffici5t wat] to make ( suitable consi/5cy4 ,,iii4--,z a sample ( ! ,melunay process1 introduc$ 9 ,france1 ! foll[+ has be5 publi%$3 ,apply to a cotton fabric l flannellet1 or o!r cotton goods1 a solution ( /annate ( soda 7or a salt *emically equival5t7 ( ! /r5g? ( #e to #aj ,b41 !n dry ! fabric & saturate x aga91 ?is "t ) a solution ( a titanium salt2 any soluble titanium salt is suitable4 ,?is salt %\ld be s conc5trat$ t ea* #a1jjj p>ts may conta9 ab\t #fb p>ts ( titanium oxide4 ,! fabrics are aga9 dri$1 & ! titanium is ultimately fix$ by means ( a suitable alkal9e ba?4 ,x is advantage\s to employ = ?is purpose a solution ( silicate ( soda ( ab\t #ad ,b41 b a mix$ ba?1 compos$ ( tung/ate ( soda & ammonium *loride1 may be employ$4 ,! objects are aft]w>ds wa%$1 dri$1 & f9i%$ z necess>y = trade4 ,a v>iation consi/s 9 treat+ ! objects 9 a mix$ ba? conta9+ titanium1 tung/51 & a suitable solv5t4 ,,iv4--,boil toge!r1 ) con/ant #cdb /irr+1 ! foll[+ +r$i5ts until a homog5e\s mass results3 ,l9se$ oil #gg p>ts ,li?>ge #aj p>ts ,sug> ( lead #b p>ts ,lampblack #d p>ts ,oil turp5t9e #b p>ts ,umb] #j4d p>ts ,japanese wax #j4c p>ts ,soap p[d] #a4b p>ts ,manila copal #j4g p>ts ,ca\t*\c v>ni% #b p>ts ,v4--,= ,light ,wov5 ,fabrics4--,ammonium sulphate1 #h p>ts1 by weight2 ammonium c>bonate1 #b4e p>ts2 borax1 #b2 boracic acid1 #c2 />*1 #b2 or dextr91 #j4d1 or gelat91 #j4d2 wat]1 #ajj4 ,! fabric is to be saturat$ ) ! mixture1 previ\sly heat$ to #hf ,f41 & dri$2 x c !n be cal5d]$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! co/ is only #b or #c c5ts = #af y>ds or m ( mat]ial4 ,,vi4--,= ,rope & ,/raw ,matt+4--,ammonium *loride 7sal ammoniac71 #ae p>ts1 by weight2 boracic acid1 #f p>ts2 borax1 #c2 wat]1 #ajj4 ,! articles are to be left 9 ! solution1 heat$ to #bab ,f4 = ab\t #c h\rs1 !n squeez$ out & dri$4 ,! mixture co/s ab\t #e c5ts a qu>t4 ,,vii4--,= ,clo?+4--,! foll[+ />* is recomm5d$3 ,sodium tung/ate1 p]fectly neutral1 #cj p>ts2 borax1 #bj2 :eat or rice />*1 #fj4 ,! con/itu5ts are to be f9ely pulv]iz$1 %>ply dri$1 & mix$1 & ! />* us$ l any o!r4 ,articles /iff5$ ) x1 if set on fire1 w n bur/ into flame1 b only smold]4 ,,viii4--,= ,t5ts4-- ,wat] #ajj p>ts by weight ,ammonium sulphate1 *emically pure #ad p>ts by weight ,boracic acid #a p>ts by weight ,h>t%orn salt #a p>ts by weight ,borax #c p>ts by weight ,glue wat] #b p>ts by weight ,boil ! wat]1 put ammonium sulphate into a vat1 p\r a "p ( ! boil+ wat] on & !n add ! rema9+ mat]ials 9 rotation4 ,next foll[ ! re/ ( ! hot wat]4 ,! vat %\ld be kept cov]$ until ! solution is complete4 ,,ix4--,= ,/age ,decorations4--,mu* recomm5d$ & us$ z a firepro(+ composition is a *eap mixture ( borax1 bitt] salt1 & wat]2 likewise = canvas a mixture ( ammonium sulphate1 gypsum1 & wat]4 ,ammonium sulphate & sodium tung/ate are also nam$ = impregnat+ ! canvas be=e pa9t+4 ,x4--,= ,mosquito ,nett+4--,imm]se 9 a #bj p] c5t solution ( ammonium sulphate4 ,"o p\nd ( nett+ w require f #bj to #bd ounces ( ! solution to ?or\ghly saturate4 ,aft] )draw+ f ! ba?1 d n wr+ x out1 b spread x ov] a pole or "s su* object1 & let x get ab\t half dry1 !n iron x out ) a hot iron4 ,! mat]ial 7ammonium sulphate7 is in(f5sive4 ,firepro(+ ( ,wood4--,/rictly speak+1 x is impossible to r5d] wood completely incombu/ible1 b an almo/ absolute immunity aga9/ ! attacks ( fire c be imp>t$4 ,gay-,lussac 0 "o ( ! fir/ to lay d[n ! pr9cipal conditions indisp5sable = r5d]+ organic matt]s 9 g5]al1 & wood 9 p>ticul>1 un9flammable4 ,dur+ ! :ole duration ( ! action ( ! heat ! fib]s mu/ be kept f contact ) ! air1 :i* w\ld cause combu/ion4 ,! pres5ce ( borates1 silicates1 etc41 imp>ts ?is prop]ty to organic bodies4 ,combu/ible gases1 dis5gag$ by ! action ( ! heat1 mu/ be m+l$ 9 suffici5t proportion ) o!r gases difficult ( combu/ion 9 su* a way t ! disorganization ( bodies by heat w be r$uc$ to a simple calc9ation )\t production ( flame4 ,salts volatile or decomposable by heat & n combu/ible1 l c]ta9 ammoniacal salts1 af=d excell5t results4 ,num]\s processes h be5 recomm5d$ = combat+ ! inflammability ( organic tissues1 "s consi/+ 9 ext]nal applications1 o!rs 9 injection1 "u a c]ta9 pressure1 ( sal9e solutions4 ,by simple sup]ficial applications only illusory protection is atta9$1 = ^! cov]+s1 in/ead ( firepro(+ ! objects on :i* !y are appli$1 pres]ve !m only = ! mom5t f a slight flame4 ,resi/ance to ! fire be+ ( only %ort duration1 ^! coat+s scale (f or are rapidly r$uc$ to a%es & ! p>ts cov]$ are aga9 expos$4 ,x (t5 happ5s1 too1 t su* coat+s h disappe>$ be=e ! occurr5ce ( a fire1 s t ! s-call$ rem$y becomes injuri\s f ! false security occasion$4 #cdc ,"s =mulas recomm5d$ are z foll[s3 ,i4--,= imm]sion or imbibition ! foll[+ solution is advis$3 ,ammonium phosphate1 #ajj p>ts2 boracic acid1 #aj p>ts p] #a1jjj2 or ammonium sulphate1 #ace p>ts2 sodium borate1 #ae p>ts2 boracic acid1 #e p>ts p] #a1jjj4 ,= ea* ( ^! =mulas two coats are necess>y4 ,,ii4--,= application ) ! bru% ! foll[+ compositions are ! be/3 a4 ,apply hot1 sodium silicate1 #ajj p>ts2 ,spani% :ite1 #ej p>ts2 glue1 #ajj p>ts4 b4 ,apply successively & hot2 = fir/ application1 wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 alum9um sulphate1 #bj p>ts2 second application1 wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 liquid sodium silicate1 #ej p>ts4 c4 ,fir/ application1 #b coats1 hot2 wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 sodium silicate1 #ej p>ts2 second application1 #b coat+s2 boil+ wat]1 #ge p>ts2 gelat91 :ite1 #bjj p>ts2 "w up ) asbe/os1 #ej p>ts2 borax1 #cj p>ts2 & boracic acid1 #aj p>ts4 ,oil pa9ts r5d]$ un9flammable by ! addition ( phosphate ( ammonia & borax 9 ! =m ( impalpable p[d]s incorporat$ 9 ! mass1 mort> ( pla/] & asbe/os & asbe/os pa9t1 are /ill employ$ = pres]v+ tempor>ily f limit$ exposure to a fire4 ,,iii4--,sodium silicate1 solid #cej p>ts ,asbe/os1 p[d]$ #cej p>ts ,wat]1 boil+ #a1jjj p>ts ,mix4 ,give sev]al coat+s1 lett+ ea* dry be=e apply+ ! next4 ,,iv4--,asbe/os1 p[d]$ #ce p>ts ,sodium borate #bj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,gum lac #aj to #ae p>ts ,dissolve ! borax 9 ! wat] by ! aid ( heat1 & 9 ! hot solution dissolve ! lac4 ,:5 solution is complete incorporate ! asbe/os4 ,^! la/ solutions give a sup]ficial protection1 ! effici5cy ( :i* dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( coat+s giv54 ,v4--,prep>e a syrupy solution ( sodium silicate1 #a "p1 & wat]1 #c p>ts1 & coat ! wood #b to #c times1 ?us imp>t+ to x great h>dness4 ,aft] dry+1 x is giv5 a coat+ ( lime ( ! consi/5cy ( milk1 & :5 ?is is almo/ dry1 is fix$ by a /rong solution ( soluble glass1 #b p>ts ( ! syrupy mass to #c p>ts ( wat]4 ,if ! lime is appli$ ?ick1 repeat ! treatm5t ) ! soluble glass4 ,,vi4--,subject ! wood or wood5 objects = #f to #h h\rs to ! boil+ heat ( a solution ( #cc p>ts ( manganese *loride1 #bj p>ts ( or?ophosphoric acid1 #ab p>ts ( magnesium c>bonate1 #aj p>ts ( boracic acid1 & #be p>ts ( ammonium *loride 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,! wood ?us treat$ is said to be p]fectly incombu/ible ev5 at great heat1 &1 besides1 to be also protect$ by ?is me?od aga9/ decay1 injury by insects1 & putrefaction4 ,,vii4--,"o ( ! simple/ me?ods is to saturate ! timb] ) a solution ( tung/ate ( soda2 if ?is is done 9 a vacuum *amb]1 by means ( :i* ! wood is p>tly depriv$ ( ! air conta9$ 9 its cells1 a v satisfactory result w be obta9$4 ,payne's process consi/s 9 treat+ wood "u ^! conditions fir/ ) solution ( sulphate ( iron1 & !n ) *loride ( calcium2 calcium sulphate is ?us precipitat$ 9 ! tissues ( ! timb]1 :i* is r5d]$ incombu/ible & mu* m durable4 ,!re are sev]al o!r me?ods besides ^!1 phosphate ( ammonia & tung/ate be+ mo/ useful4 ,a coat ( common :itewa% is an excell5t means ( less5+ ! combu/ibility ( s(t wood4 ,firepro(+ ,wood ,pulp4--,! pulp is introduc$ into a boil] conta9+ a hot solution ( sulphate & phosphate ( ammonia & provid$ ) a /irr+ & mix+ app>atus1 z well z ) an arrangem5t = regulat+ ! temp]ature4 ,aft] treatm5t1 ! pulp is tak5 out & compress$ 9 ord] to free x f its humidity4 ,:5 dry1 x may be us$ = ! manufacture ( pap] or = analog\s purposes4 ,sawdu/ treat$ 9 ! same mann] may be us$ = pack+ goods1 = dead5+ walls1 & z a jacket+ = /eam pipes4 ,firepro(+ = ,wood1 ,/raw1 ,textiles1 etc4--,! mat]ial to be made firepro( is treat$ ) a solution ( #aj to #bj p>ts ( potassium c>bonate & #d to #h p>ts ( ammonium borate 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,:]ev] excessive heat occurs1 ?is comp\nd1 :i* cov]s ! sub/ance1 is =m$ into a glassy mass1 ?us protect+ ! /uff f burn+2 at ! same "t a consid]able am\nt ( c>bonic acid is giv5 (f1 :i* smo!rs ! flames4 #cdd ,,miscellane\s ,,=mulas ,,= ,,firepro(+4 ,i4--,9 coat+ /eel or o!r furnaces1 fir/ bru% ov] ! brickwork to be cov]$ a solution made by boil+ #a p\nd ea* ( silicate ( soda & alum 9 #d gallons ( wat]1 & foll[ imm$iately ) composition3 ,silica #ej p>ts ,pla/ic fire clay #aj p>ts ,ball clay #c p>ts ,mix well4 ,firepro( ,compositions4--,,ii4--,= furnaces1 etc43 ,pure silica 79 gra97 #fj p>ts ,gr\nd fl9t #h p>ts ,pla/] ( ,p>is #c p>ts ,ball clay #c p>ts ,mix well toge!r by pass+ once or m ?r\gh a f9e sieve1 & use 9 ! same way z cem5t4 ,firepro( ,pap]4--,pap] is r5d]$ firepro( by saturat+ x ) a solution ( ,ammonium sulphate #h p>ts ,boracic acid #c p>ts ,borax #b p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,= ! same purpose sodium tung/ate may also be employ$4 ,firepro( ,coat+4--,a firepro( coat+ 7s-call$7 consi/s ( wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 /rong glue1 #bj p>ts2 silicate ( soda1 #ch ,b41 #ej p>ts2 c>bonate ( soda1 #ce p>ts2 cork 9 pieces ( ! size ( a pea1 #ajj p>ts4 ,color$ ,firepro(+4--,i4--,ammonium sulphate1 #gj p>ts2 borax1 #ej p>ts2 glue1 #a "p2 & wat] up to #a1jjj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,solution ( glue1 #e p>ts1 z9c *loride1 #b p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #hj p>ts2 borax1 #eg p>ts2 & wat] up to #gjj p>ts4 ,if ! coat+ is to be made visible by coloration1 an addition ( #aj p>ts ( ,cassel br[n & #f p>ts ( soda p] #a1jjj p>ts is recomm5d$1 :i* may be dissolv$ sep>ately 9 a portion ( ! wat] us$4 ,,firepro(+ ,,celluloid3 ,see ,celluloid4 ,,firepro(+ ,,( ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,fireworks3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,filigree ,,gild+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,fi% ,,bait4 ,oil ( rhodium #c p>ts ,oil ( cum9 #b p>ts ,t9cture ( musk #a "p ,mix4 ,put a drop or two on ! bait1 or rub trigg] ( trap ) ! solution4 ,,fixatives ,,= ,,crayon ,,draw+s1 ,,etc4 ,i4--,%ellac #dj p>ts by weight ,s&>ac #bj p>ts by weight ,_s ( w9e #idj p>ts by weight ,,ii4--,dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 :5 bo? alcohol & %ellac (t5 7 n pur*asable1 & :]e1 9 ! field especially1 ink 0 almo/ unkn[n1 & siz$ pap]1 ( any description1 a r>ity1 m5 9 ! field 7 compell$ to use ! p5cil = correspond5ce ( all sorts4 ,:]e ! communication 0 ( a nature to make its p]man5cy desirable1 ! pap] 0 simply dipp$ 9 skim milk1 :i* effect$ ! purpose admirably4 ,su* docum5ts writt5 ) a p5cil on unsiz$ pap] h /ood ! we> & rubb+ ( upw>d ( #dj ye>s4 ,to ,fix ,p\nc$ ,designs4--,take be] or milk or alcohol1 9 :i* a little blea*$ %ellac has be5 dissolv$1 & bl[ "o ( ^! liquids ^u ! fre%ly p\nc$ design by means ( an atomiz]4 ,aft] dry+1 ! draw+ w h ! desir$ fix$ness4 ,,fix+ ,,ba?s ,,= ,,pap] ,,& ,,negatives3 ,see ,photography4 ,,flannels1 ,,:it5+ ,,(3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,fla%-,,light ,,app>atus ,,& ,,p[d]s3 ,see ,photography4 ,,flavor+s3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,,flea ,,de/roy]s3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,flies ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,flies ,,& ,,pa9t3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,floor ,dress+s 7,see also ,pa9t1 ,poli%es1 ,waxes1 & ,wood47 ,oil ,/a9s = ,h>d ,floors4--,i4--,burnt si5na1 slate br[n1 or w9e black1 is gr\nd ) /rong oil v>ni% 9 ! pa9t mill4 ,! glaz+ color obta9$ #cde is ?9n$ ) a mixture ( oil ( turp5t9e & appli$ ) a bru% on ! respective object4 ,! sup]flu\s /a9 is at once wip$ away ) a rag1 s t only ! absorb$ /a9 rema9s 9 ! wood4 ,if ?is is unev51 g ov] ! light places aga9 ) d>k /a94 ,9 a simil> mann] all o!rwise t9t$ & color$ oil /a9s are produc$ by m]ely gr9d+ ! respective color ) ! correspond+ addition ( oil4 ,?us1 gre51 r$1 & ev5 blue & violet %ades on wood c be obta9$1 x be+ necess>y only to make a previ\s exp]im5t ) ! /a9s on a piece ( suitable wood4 ,9 ! case ( s(t wood1 h[ev]1 x is advisable to /a9 ! :ole previ\sly ) ord9>y nut /a9 7n too d>k71 & only aft] dry+ to coat ) oil /a91 because ! autumn r+s ( ! wood take no color1 & w\ld appe> too light1 &1 !re=e1 di/urb ! effect4 ,,ii4--,boil #be p>ts1 by weight1 ( fu/ic & #ab p>ts ( ,brazil wood ) #b1djj p>ts ( soapmak]s' lye & #ab p>ts ( pota%1 until ! liquid measures ab\t #ab qu>ts4 ,dissolve 9 x1 :ile w>m1 #cj p>ts ( annatto & #ge ( wax1 & /ir until cold4 ,!re w be a suffici5t quantity ( ! br[ni%-r$ /a9 to keep ! floor ( a l>ge room 9 good ord] = a ye>4 ,! floor %\ld be swept ) a bru% broom daily1 & wip$ up twice a week ) a damp clo?1 apply+ ! /a91 :5 necess>y1 to places :]e !re is mu* we>1 & rubb+ x 9 ) a h>d bru%4 ,e #f weeks put ! /a9 all ov] ! floor1 & bru% x 9 well4 ,,iii4--,neatsfoot oil #a "p ,cottonse$ oil #a "p ,petroleum oil #a "p ,,iv4--,beeswax #h p>ts ,wat] #ef p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #d p>ts ,dissolve ! pota% 9 #ab p>ts ( wat]2 heat toge!r ! wax & ! rema9+ wat] till ! wax is liquefi$2 !n mix ! two & boil toge!r until a p]fect emulsion is effect$4 ,color1 if desir$1 ) a solution ( annatto4 ,v4--,p>aff9e oil #h p>ts ,k]os5e #a "p ,limewat] #a "p ,mix ?or\ghly4 ,a coat ( ! mixture is appli$ to ! floor ) a mop4 ,p>aff9+ ( ,floors4--,! cracks & jo9ts ( ! p>quet floor are fill$ ) a putty consi/+ ( ,spani% :ite1 #edj p>ts2 glue1 #ahj p>ts2 si5na1 #aej p>ts2 umb]1 #aaj p>ts2 & calc>e\s e>?1 #bj p>ts4 ,aft] #dh h\rs apply ! p>aff9e1 :i* is previ\sly dissolv$ 9 petroleum1 or pref]ably employ$ 9 a boil+ condition1 9 :i* case x w ent] slightly into ! floor4 ,:5 solidification sets 91 ! sup]flu\s p>aff9e is scrat*$ (f & an ev51 smoo? surface ( glossy color results1 :i* )/&s acids & alkalies4 ,ball-,room ,floor ,p[d]4-- ,h>d p>aff9e #a p\nd ,p[d]$ boric acid #g p\nds ,oil lav5d] #a dra*m ,oil n]oli #bj m9ims ,melt ! p>aff9e & add ! boric acid & ! p]fumes4 ,mix well1 & sift ?r\gh a #a_/af me% sieve4 ,r5ovat+ ,old ,p>quet ,floors4--,cau/ic soda lye1 prep>$ by boil+ = #de m9utes ) #a "p calc9$ soda1 & #a "p slak$ lime ) #ae p>ts wat]1 9 a ca/-iron pot1 is appli$ to ! p>quet to be r5ovat$ by means ( a clo? atta*$ to a /ick4 ,aft] a :ile rub (f ! floor ) a /iff bru%1 f9e s&1 & a suffici5t quantity ( wat]1 to remove ! dirt & old wax4 ,spread a mixture ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid & wat] 9 ! proportion ( #a to #h on ! floor4 ,! sulphuric acid w remove ! p>ticles ( dirt & wax :i* h ent]$ ! floor & enliv5 ! color ( ! wood4 ,f9ally1 wax ! p>quet aft] x has be5 wa%$ (f ) wat] & dri$ completely4 ,,floor ,,oil3 ,see ,oils4 ,,floor ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,floor ,,poli%3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,floor ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,floor ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,floor ,,wax3 ,see ,waxes4 ,,floric9 ,,oil3 ,see ,oil4 ,,fl[] ,,pres]vatives4 ,i4--,to pres]ve fl[]s !y %\ld be dipp$ 9 melt$ p>aff9e1 :i* %\ld be j hot en\gh to ma9ta9 its fluidity4 ,! fl[]s %\ld be dipp$ "o at a "t1 held by ! /alks & mov$ ab\t = an in/ant to get rid ( air bubbles4 ,fre% cut fl[]s1 free f moi/ure1 #cdf are said to make excell5t specim5s :5 treat$ 9 ?is way4 ,a solution 9 :i* cut fl[]s may be kept imm]s$ is made z foll[s3 ,salicylic acid #bj gra9s ,=maldehyde #aj m9ims ,alcohol #b fluid\nces ,di/ill$ wat] #a qu>t ,,ii4--,! ,engli% me?od ( pres]v+ fl[]s s z to reta9 _! =m & color is to imb$ ! plants 9 a mixture ( equal quantities ( pla/] ( ,p>is & lime1 & gradually heat !m to a temp]ature ( #ajj ,f4 ,aft] ?is ! fl[] looks du/y1 b if x is laid aside = an h\r s z to absorb suffici5t moi/ure to de/roy its brittl5ess1 x c be du/$ )\t injury4 ,to remove ! ho>y appe>ance :i* is (t5 left1 ev5 aft] du/+1 a v>ni% compos$ ( #e ounces ( damm> & #af ounces ( oil ( turp5t9e %\ld be us$ & a second coat giv5 if necess>y4 ,:5 ! gum has be5 dissolv$ 9 ! turp5t9e1 #af ounces ( b5zol9e %\ld be add$1 & ! :ole %\ld be /ra9$ ?r\gh f9e musl94 ,,iii4--,five hundr$ p>ts e!r1 #bj p>ts transp>5t copal1 & #bj p>ts s&4 ,! fl[]s %\ld be imm]s$ 9 ! v>ni% = #b m9utes1 !n all[$ to dry = #aj m9utes1 & ?is treatm5t %\ld be repeat$ #e or #f times4 ,,iv4--,place ! fl[]s 9 a solution ( #cj gra9s ( salicylic acid 9 #a qu>t ( wat]4 ,v4--,moi/5 #a1jjj p>ts ( f9e :ite s& t has be5 previ\sly well wa%$ & ?or\ghly dri$ & sift$1 ) a solution consi/+ ( #c p>ts ( /e>9e1 #c p>ts ( p>aff9e1 #c p>ts ( salicylic acid1 & #ajj p>ts ( alcohol4 ,"w ! s& up ?or\ghly s t e gra9 ( x is impregnat$ ) ! mixture1 & !n spread x out & let x become p]fectly dry4 ,to use1 place ! fl[]s 9 a suitable box1 ! bottom ( :i* has be5 cov]$ ) a portion ( ! prep>$ s&1 & !n du/ ! latt] ov] !m until all ! int]/ices h be5 completely fill$ ) x4 ,close ! box lightly & put x 9 a place :]e x c be ma9ta9$ at a temp]ature ( f #hf to #ajd ,f4 = #b or #c days4 ,at ! expiration ( ?is "t remove ! box & let ! s& escape4 ,! fl[]s c !n be put into suitable receptacles or glass cases )\t fe> ( det]ioration4 ,wilt$ or )]$ fl[]s %\ld be fre%5$ up by dipp+ into a suitable anil9e solution1 :i* w re/ore _! color4 ,,vi4--,/& ! fl[]s upright 9 a box ( prop] size & p\r ov] & ar\nd !m f9e dry s&1 until ! fl[]s are completely surr\nd$ 9 e direction4 ,leave !m 9 ?is way = #h or #aj days1 !n c>efully p\r (f ! s&4 ,! fl[]s reta9 _! color & %ape p]fectly1 b 9 v fle%y1 juicy specim5s ! s& mu/ be r5ew$4 ,to be effective ! s& mu/ be z ne>ly dry z possible4 ,,vii4--,a me?od ( pres]v+ cut fl[]s 9 a condition ( fre%ness is to dissolve small am\nts ( ammonium *loride1 potassium nitrate1 sodium c>bonate or camphor 9 ! wat] into :i* ! /ems are ins]t$4 ,! pres5ce ( "o or m ( ^! drugs keeps ! fl[]s f los+ _! turgidity by /imulat+ ! cells to action & by oppos+ g]m gr[?4 ,fl[]s t h already wilt$ are said to revive quickly if ! /ems are ins]t$ 9 a weak camphor wat]4 ,/ucco$ ,gypsum ,fl[]s4--,take natural fl[]s1 & coat ! l[] sides ( _! petals & /am5s ) p>aff9e or ) a mixture ( glue1 gypsum1 & lime1 :i* is appli$ lightly4 ,v f9e p>ts ( ! fl[]s1 su* z /am5s1 etc41 may be previ\sly support$ by special atta*m5ts ( textures1 wire1 etc4 ,aft] ! dry+ ( ! coat+ ! :ole is cov]$ ) %ellac solution or ) a mixture ( glue1 gypsum1 lime ) lead acetate1 oil1 mucilage1 glyc]9e1 colophony1 etc4 ,if desir$1 ! surface may be pa9t$ ) bronzes 9 v>i\s %ades4 ,su* fl[]s are mu* employ$ 9 ! %ape ( fe/oons = decorat+ walls1 etc4 ,artificial ,color+ ( ,fl[]s4--,a me?od employ$ by flori/s to imp>t a gre5 color to ! :ite petals ( 8c>nation p9ks0 consi/s 9 all[+ long-/emm$ fl[]s to /& 9 wat] conta9+ a gre5 anil9e dye4 ,:5 ! fl[]s are fre% !y absorb ! fluid readily1 & ! dye is c>ri$ to ! petals4 ,:]e ! orig9al color ( ! fl[] is :ite1 color$ /ripes c be produc$ ^u ! petals by putt+ ! cut ends into wat] impregnat$ ) a suitable anil9e dye4 ,"s dyes c ?us be tak5 up by ! capill>y action ( ! /em & deposit$ 9 ! tissue ( ! petal4 ,if fl[]s are plac$ ov] a bas9 ( wat] conta9+ a v small am\nt ( ammonia 9 a bell glass1 ! colors ( ! petals w g5]ally %[ "s m>k$ *ange4 ,_m violet-color$ fl[]s :5 s treat$ w become #cdg gre51 & if ! petals conta9 sev]al t9ts !y w %[ gre5s :]e r$s 71 yell[s :]e !y 7 :ite1 & deep c>m9e w become black4 ,:5 su* fl[]s are put into wat] !y w reta9 _! *ang$ colors = h\rs4 ,if violet a/]s are moi/5$ ) v dilute nitric acid1 ! ray florets become r$ & acquire an agreeable odor4 ,,fluid ,,measures3 ,see ,weights & ,measures4 ,,fluoresc5t ,,liquids4 scul9 gives pale blue by 7#a7 reflect$ light1 /raw color by 7#b7 transmitt$ light4 ,amido-ph?alic acid1 pale violet 7#a71 pale yell[ 7#b74 ,amido-t]eph?alic acid1 bright gre5 7#a71 pale gre5 7#b74 ,eos9e1 yell[ gre5 7#a71 orange 7#b74 ,fluoresce91 int5se gre5 7#a71 orange yell[ 7#b74 ,frax91 blue gre5 7#a71 pale gre5 7#b74 ,magdala r$1 opaque sc>let 7#a71 brilliant c>m9e 7#b74 ,qu99e1 pale blue 7#a71 no color 7#b74 ,safran9e1 yell[ r$ 7#a71 crimson 7#b74 ,,fluxes ,,us$ ,,9 ,,enamel+3 ,see ,enamel+4 ,,fluxes ,,= ,,sold]+3 ,see ,sold]+4 ,fly-,pap]s & ,fly-,poisons 7,see also ,insecticides47 ,/icky ,fly-,pap]s4--,! /icky mat]ial appli$ to ! pap] is ! foll[+3 ,i4--,boil$ l9se$ oil #e to #g p>ts ,gum ?us #b to #c p>ts ,non-dry+ oil #c to #g p>ts ,= ! non-dry+ oil1 cottonse$1 ca/or1 or neatsfoot w answ]--9 fact1 any ( ! *eap] oils t d n readily dry or h>d5 w answ]4 ,! prop] am\nt ( ea* +r$i5t dep5ds ^u ! condition ( ! boil$ oil4 ,if x is boil$ d[n v /iff1 m ( ! o!r +r$i5ts w be necess>y1 :ile if ?91 less w be requir$4 ,,ii4--,ros9 #h p>ts ,rapese$ oil #d p>ts ,honey #a "p ,melt ! ros9 & oil toge!r1 & incorporate ! honey4 ,two p>ts ( raw l9se$ oil & #b p>ts ( honey may be us$ along ) #h p>ts ( ros9 in/ead ( ! =ego+4 ,use pap] already siz$1 z x comes f ! mills1 on :i* to spread ! mixture4 ,,iii4--,ca/or oil #ab ounces ,ros9 #bg ounces ,melt toge!r & spread on pap] siz$ ) glue1 us+ #ab ounces glue to #d p9ts wat]4 ,,iv4--,ros9 #h ounces ,v5ice turp5t9e #b ounces ,ca/or oil #b ounces ,spread on pap] siz$ ) glue4 ,poison\s ,fly-,pap]s4-- ,i4--,quassia *ips #aej p>ts ,*loride ( cobalt #aj p>ts ,t>t> emetic #b p>ts ,t9cture ( long pepp] 7#a to #d7 #hj p>ts ,wat] #djj p>ts ,boil ! quassia 9 ! wat] until ! liquid is r$uc$ "o-half1 /ra91 add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 saturate common absorb5t pap] ) ! solution1 & dry4 ,! pap] is us$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,,ii4--,potassium bi*romate #aj ounces ,sug> #c dra*ms ,oil ( black pepp] #b dra*ms ,alcohol #b ounces ,wat] #ad ounces ,mix & let /& = sev]al days1 !n soak unsiz$ pap] ) ! solution4 ,,iii4--,cobalt *loride #d dra*ms ,hot wat] #af ounces ,br[n sug> #a ounce ,dissolve ! cobalt 9 ! wat] & add ! sug>1 saturate unsiz$ pap] 9 ! solution1 & hang up to dry4 ,,iv4--,quassia *ips #aej p>ts ,cobalt *loride #aj p>ts ,t>trate antimony #b p>ts ,t9cture ( pepp] #hj p>ts ,wat] #djj p>ts ,boil *ips 9 ! wat] until ! volume ( ! latt] is r$uc$ "o-half1 add o!r +r$i5ts & saturate pap] & dry4 ,fly-,poison4-- ,pepp] #d ounces ,quassia #d ounces ,sug> #h ounces ,dilut$ alcohol #d ounces ,mix dry & spr9kle ar\nd :]e ! flies c get x4 ,non-,poison\s ,fly-,pap]s4--,i4--,mix #be p>ts ( quassia decoction 7#a3aj7 ) #f p>ts ( br[n sug> & #c p>ts ( gr\nd pepp]1 & place on flat di%es4 ,,ii4--,mix #a "p ( gr\nd pepp] & #a "p ( br[n sug> ) #af p>ts milk #cdh or cream1 & put ! mixture on flat plates4 ,,iii4--,mac]ate #bj p>ts ( quassia wood ) #ajj p>ts ( wat] = #bd h\rs1 boil "o-half h\r1 & squeeze (f #bd h\rs4 ,! liquid is mix$ ) #c p>ts ( molasses1 & evaporat$ to #aj p>ts4 ,next add #a "p ( alcohol4 ,soak blott+ pap] ) ?is mixture1 & put on plates4 ,,iv4--,dissolve #e p>ts ( potassium bi*romate1 #ae p>ts ( sug>1 & #a "p ( ess5tial pepp] oil 9 #fj p>ts ( wat]1 & add #aj p>ts ( alcohol4 ,saturate unsiz$ pap] ) ?is solution & dry well4 ,v4--,boil toge!r = half an h\r ,gr\nd quassia wood #ah p\nds ,brok5 colocyn? #c p\nds ,gr\nd long pepp] #e p\nds ,wat] #hj p\nds ,!n p]colate & make up to #fj p\nds if necess>y ) m wat]4 ,!n add #d p\nds ( syrup4 ,unsiz$ pap] is soak$ 9 ?is1 & dri$ z quickly z possible to prev5t x f gett+ s\r4 ,,vi4--,mix toge!r ,ord9>y syrup #ajj ounces ,honey #cj ounces ,extract ( quassia wood #d ounces ,oil ( anise$1 a few drops4 ,remov+ ! ,gum ( ,/icky ,fly-,pap]4--,! 8gum0 ( /icky fly-pap] t has 8leak$0 ov] furniture & %elfw>e c be remov$ )\t caus+ injury to ei!r furniture or bottles4 ,! 8gum0 ( /icky fly-pap]1 :ile be+ q adhesive1 is easily dissolv$ ) alcohol 7gra9 or wood7 or oil ( turp5t9e4 ,alcohol w n injure ! %elfw>e1 b x %\ld n be us$ on v>ni%$ furniture2 9 ! latt] case turp5t9e %\ld be us$4 ,,fly ,,protectives ,,= ,,animals3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,foam ,,prep>ations4 ,a h>mless gum cream is ! foll[+3 ,i4--,dige/ #ajj p>ts ( ,panama wood = #h days ) #djj p>ts ( wat] & #ajj p>ts ( spirits ( w9e 7#ij p] c5t74 ,p\r (f )\t /rong pressure & filt]4 ,= e #e p>ts ( lemonade syrup take #e p>ts ( ?is extract1 :]eby a magnific5t1 always uni=m foam is obta9$ on ! lemonade4 ,,ii4--,heat #bjj p>ts ( quillaia b>k ) di/ill$ wat] dur+ an h\r 9 a vapor ba?1 ) frequ5t /irr+1 & squeeze out4 ,?9 ) wat] if necess>y & filt]4 ,,food ,,adult]ants1 ,,simple ,,te/s ,,= ,,_! ,,detection4 ,ab/ract ( a monograph by ,w4 ,d4 ,bigel[ & ,burton ,j4 ,h[>d1 publi%$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! me?ods ( *emical analysis employ$ 9 food laboratories c be manipulat$ only by "o :o has _h at lea/ ! usual college c\rse 9 *emi/ry1 & "s special tra9+ 9 ! exam9ation ( foods is almo/ z necess>y4 ,aga91 mo/ ( ! app>atus & *emicals necess>y are entirely beyond ! rea* ( ! home1 & ! "t consum$ by ! ord9>y exam9ation ( a food is 9 itself prohibitive4 ,yet !re are "s simple te/s :i* s]ve to po9t out c]ta9 =ms ( adult]ation & c be employ$ by ! c>eful h\sewife ) ! reag5ts 9 h] m$ic9e closet & ! app>atus 9 h] kit*54 ,! numb] may be greatly ext5d$ by ! pur*ase ( a v few articles t may be procur$ = a few c5ts at any drug /ore4 ,9 apply+ ^! te/s1 "o g5]al rule mu/ always be kept c>efully 9 m9d4 ,e "o1 :e!r layman or *emi/1 mu/ famili>ize himself ) a reaction be=e draw+ any conclusions f x4 ,= in/ance1 be=e te/+ a sample ( suppos$ c(fee = />*1 ! me?od %\ld be appli$ to a sample ( pure c(fee 7:i* c always be procur$ ungr\nd7 & to a mixture ( pure c(fee & />* prep>$ by ! op]ator4 ,_m manufactur]s & deal]s 9 foods h ! ord9>y s5ses s highly develop$ t by _! aid alone !y c =m an intellig5t op9ion ( ! nature ( a product1 or ( ! "*1 & sometimes ev5 ( ! proportion ( adult]ants pres5t4 ,?is is especially true ( su* articles z c(fee1 w9e1 salad oils1 flavor+ extracts1 butt]1 & milk4 ,! h\sewife f9ds h]self con/antly submitt+ h] pur*ases to ?is te/4 ,h] broad exp]i5ce develops h] s5ses ( ta/e & smell to a high degree1 & h] discrim9ation is (t5 %>p] & m accurate ?an %e h]self realizes4 ,! manufactur] :o has develop$ 8 natural s5ses mo/ #cdi highly appreciates be/ ! assi/ance or collaboration ( ! *emi/1 :o c (t5 come to 8 relief :5 8 own p[]s d n avail4 ,s ! h\sewife1 by a few simple *emical te/s1 c broad5 h] field ( vision & detect _m impurities t are n evid5t to ! s5ses4 ,!re are "h giv5 me?ods adapt$ to ?is purpose1 :i* may be appli$ to milk1 butt]1 c(fee1 spices1 olive oil1 v9eg>1 jams & jellies1 & flavor+ extracts4 ,9 addition to ?is "s g5]al me?ods = ! detection ( color+ matt] & pres]vatives w be giv54 ,all ( ! te/s "h describ$ may be p]=m$ ) ut5sils f\nd 9 any well-appo9t$ kit*54 ,x w be conv5i5t1 h[ev]1 to secure a small glass funnel1 ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet]1 s9ce filtration is direct$ 9 a numb] ( ! me?ods prescrib$4 ,filt] pap] c be/ be prep>$ = ! funnel by cutt+ a circul> piece ab\t ! prop] size & fold+ x once ?r\gh ! middle1 & !n aga9 at "r angles to ! fir/ fold4 ,! pap] may !n be op5$ )\t unfold+ 9 su* a way t ?ree ?icknesses lie toge!r on "o side & only "o ?ickness on ! o!r4 ,9 ?is way ! pap] may be made to fit nicely into ! funnel4 ,"s additional app>atus1 su* z te/ tubes1 racks = support+ !m1 & glass rods1 w be f\nd m conv5i5t = "o :o desires to d consid]able "w on ?is subject1 b c be disp5s$ )4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t size = te/ tubes is a diamet] ( f #a_/b to #e_/h in*1 & a l5g? ( f #e to #f in*es4 ,a graduat$ cyl9d] w also be f\nd v conv5i5t4 ,if ?is is graduat$ accord+ to ! metric sy/em1 a cyl9d] conta9+ ab\t #ajj cubic c5timet]s w be f\nd to be conv5i5t2 if ! ,engli% liquid measure is us$ x may be graduat$ to f #c to #h ounces4 ,*emical ,reag5ts4--,! ^w 8reag5t0 is appli$ to 8any sub/ance us$ to effect *emical *ange 9 ano!r sub/ance = ! purpose ( id5tify+ its compon5t p>ts or det]m9+ its p]c5tage composition40 ,! foll[+ reag5ts are requir$ 9 ! me?ods "h giv53 ,turm]ic pap]4 ,iron alum 7cry/al or p[d]$ =m74 ,hydro*loric acid 7muriatic acid71 conc5trat$4 ,iod9e t9cture4 ,potassium p]manganate1 #a p] c5t solution4 ,alcohol 7gra9 alcohol74 ,*lor(orm4 ,boric acid or borax4 ,ammonia wat]4 ,halph5's reag5t4 ,caution4--,all te/s 9 :i* hydro*loric acid is us$ %\ld be conduct$ 9 glass or e>!nw>e1 = ?is acid attacks & w injure metal vessels4 ,c>e mu/ also be tak5 n to br+ x into contact ) ! fle% or clo!s4 ,if1 by accid5t1 a drop ( x falls ^u ! clo!s1 ammonia1 or 9 its abs5ce a solution ( sal]atus or sal soda 7wa%+ soda71 9 wat]1 %\ld be appli$ promptly4 ,) ! exception ( ! la/ reag5t m5tion$1 ^! sub/ances may be obta9$ 9 any ph>macy4 ,! ,halph5 reag5t %\ld be prep>$ by a druggi/1 c]ta9ly n by an inexp]i5c$ p]son4 ,x is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,an approximately #a p] c5t solution ( sulphur is made by dissolv+ ab\t #a_/c ( a teaspoonful ( precipitat$ sulphur 9 #c or #d ounces ( c>bon bisulphide4 ,?is solution mix$ ) an equal volume ( amyl alcohol =ms ! reag5t requir$ by ! me?od4 ,a small] quantity ?an t indicat$ by ^! directions may1 ( c\rse1 be prep>$4 ,if turm]ic pap] be n available x may be made z foll[s3 ,place a bit ( turm]ic p[d] 7obta9able at any drug /ore7 9 alcohol1 all[ x to /& = a few m9utes1 /ir1 all[ x to /& aga9 until x settles1 dip a /rip ( filt] pap] into ! solution1 & dry x4 ,det]m9ation ( ,pres]vatives4--,! foll[+ me?ods cov] all ( ! m important comm]cial pres]vatives ) ! exception ( sulphites & fluorides4 ,^! are q frequ5tly us$ = pres]v+ foods--! =m] ) meat products & ! latt] ) fruit products--b1 un=tunately1 ! me?ods = _! detection are n suitable = h\sehold use4 ,detection ( ,salicylic ,acid4--,! det]m9ation ( salicylic acid c be/ be made ) liquids4 ,solid & semi-solid foods1 su* z jelly1 %\ld be dissolv$1 :5 soluble1 9 suffici5t wat] to make !m ?9ly liquid4 ,foods conta9+ insoluble matt]1 su* z jam1 m>malade1 & sausage1 may be mac]at$ ) wat] & /ra9$ ?r\gh a piece ( :ite cotton clo?4 ,! mac]ation may be p]=m$ by rubb+ 9 a teacup or o!r conv5i5t vessel ) a heavy spoon4 ,salicylic acid is us$ = pres]v+ #cej fruit products ( all k9ds1 includ+ bev]ages4 ,x is frequ5tly sold by drug /ores z fruit acid4 ,pres]v+ p[d]s consi/+ entirely ( salicylic acid are (t5 c>ri$ f h\se to h\se by ag5ts4 ,x may be detect$ z foll[s3 ,betwe5 #b & #c ounces ( ! liquid obta9$ f ! fruit products1 z describ$ above1 are plac$ 9 a n>r[ bottle hold+ #e ounces1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a teaspoonful ( cream ( t>t> 7or1 bett]1 a few drops ( sulphuric acid7 is add$1 ! mixture %ak5 = #b or #c m9utes1 & filt]$ into a second small bottle4 ,?ree or #d tablespoonfuls ( *lor(orm are add$ to ! cle> liquid 9 ! second bottle & ! liquids mix$ by a some:at vigor\s rot>y motion1 p\r$ into an ord9>y glass tumbl]1 & all[$ to /& till ! *lor(orm settles out 9 ! bottom4 ,%ak+ is avoid$1 z x causes an emulsion :i* is difficult to break up4 ,z mu* z possible ( ! *lor(orm lay] 7:i* n[ conta9s ! salicylic acid7 is remov$ 7)\t any admixture ( ! aque\s liquid7 by means ( a m$ic9e dropp] & plac$ 9 a te/ tube or small bottle ) ab\t an equal am\nt ( wat] & a small fragm5t--a little l>g] ?an a p9head--( iron alum4 ,! mixture is ?or\ghly %ak5 & all[$ to /& till ! *lor(orm aga9 settles to ! bottom4 ,! pres5ce ( salicylic acid is !n indicat$ by ! purple color ( ! upp] lay] ( liquid4 ,detection ( ,b5zoic ,acid4--,b5zoic acid is also us$ = pres]v+ fruit products4 ,extract ! sample ) *lor(orm z 9 ! case ( salicylic acid2 remove ! *lor(orm lay] & place x 9 a :ite sauc]1 or1 bett]1 9 a pla9 glass sauce di%4 ,set a bas9 ( wat]--z w>m z ! h& c be>--on ! outside w9d[ l$ge & place ! di% conta9+ ! *lor(orm extract 9 x1 clos+ ! w9d[ until ! *lor(orm has completely evaporat$4 ,9 ?is mann] ! op]ation may be conduct$ ) safety ev5 by "o :o is n accu/om$ to h&l+ *lor(orm4 ,9 w>m wea!r ! vessel ( w>m wat] may1 ( c\rse1 be omitt$4 ,b5zoic acid1 if pres5t 9 consid]able am\nt1 w n[ appe> 9 ! di% 9 *>act]i/ic flat cry/als4 ,on w>m+ ! di% ! unmi/akable irritat+ odor ( b5zoic acid may be obta9$4 ,?is me?od w detect b5zoic acid 9 tomato catsup or o!r articles 9 :i* x is us$ 9 l>ge quantities4 ,x is n suffici5tly delicate1 h[ev]1 = ! small] am\nt us$ ) "s articles1 su* z w9e4 ,x is (t5 conv5i5t to extract a l>g] quantity ( ! sample & divide ! *lor(orm lay] into two portions1 te/+ "o = salicylic acid & ! o!r = b5zoic acid4 ,detection ( ,boric ,acid & ,borax4--,boric acid 7also call$ boracic acid7 & its comp\nd ) sodium 7borax7 are (t5 us$ to pres]ve animal products1 su* z sausage1 butt]1 & sometimes milk4 ,= ! detection ( boric acid & borax1 solids %\ld be mac]at$ ) a small am\nt ( wat] & /ra9$ ?r\gh a :ite cotton clo?4 ,! liquid obta9$ by treat+ solids 9 ?is mann] is cl>ifi$ some:at by ?or\ghly *ill+ & filt]+ ?r\gh filt] pap]4 ,9 te/+ butt] place a heap+ teaspoonful ( ! sample 9 a teacup1 add a c\ple ( teaspoonfuls ( hot wat]1 & /& ! cup 9 a vessel conta9+ a little hot wat] until ! butt] is ?or\ghly melt$4 ,mix ! cont5ts ( ! cup well by /irr+ ) a teaspoon & set ! cup ) ! spoon 9 x 9 a cold place until ! butt] is solid4 ,! spoon ) ! butt] 7:i* adh]es to x7 is n[ remov$ f ! cup & ! turbid liquid rema9+ /ra9$ ?r\gh a :ite cotton clo?1 or1 bett]1 ?r\gh filt] pap]4 ,! liquid w n all pass ?r\gh ! clo? or filt] pap]1 b a suffici5t am\nt = ! te/ may be secur$ readily4 ,9 te/+ milk = boric acid #b or #c tablespoonfuls ( milk are plac$ 9 a bottle ) twice t am\nt ( a solution ( a teaspoonful ( alum 9 a p9t ( wat]1 %ak5 vigor\sly1 & filt]$ ?r\gh filt] pap]4 ,"h aga9 a cle> or only slightly turbid liquid passes ?r\gh ! pap]4 ,ab\t a teaspoonful ( ! liquid obta9$ by any "o ( ! me?ods m5tion$ above is plac$ 9 any di%1 n metal1 & #e drops ( hydro*loric 7muriatic7 acid add$4 ,a /rip ( turm]ic pap] is dipp$ into ! liquid & !n held 9 a w>m place--ne> a /ove or lamp--till dry4 ,if boric acid or borax 0 pres5t 9 ! sample ! turm]ic pap] becomes bright *]ry r$ :5 dry4 ,a drop ( h\sehold ammonia *anges ! r$ color to d>k gre5 or gre5i% black4 ,if too mu* hydro*loric acid is us$ ! turm]ic pap] may take on a br[ni%-r$ color ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( boric acid4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 ammonia *anges ! color to br[n j z x does turm]ic pap] :i* has n be5 dipp$ into ! acid solution4 #cea ,detection ( ,=maldehyde4--,=maldehyde is r>ely us$ ) o!r foods ?an milk4 ,! me?od = its detection 9 milk is giv5 lat]4 ,= its detection 9 o!r foods x is usually necess>y fir/ to sep>ate x by di/illation1 a process :i* is sc>cely available = ! av]age p]son )\t laboratory tra9+ & special app>atus4 ,= ?is reason no me?od is sugge/$ "h = ! detection ( =maldehyde 9 o!r foods ?an milk4 ,detection ( ,sac*>9e4--,sac*>9e has a c]ta9 pres]vative p[]1 b x is us$ n s mu* = ?is effect z because ( ! v sweet ta/e :i* x imp>ts4 ,x is extract$ by means ( *lor(orm1 z describ$ "u ! detection ( salicylic acid4 ,9 ! case ( solid & semi-solid foods1 ! sample mu/1 ( c\rse1 be prep>$ by extraction ) wat]1 z describ$ "u salicylic acid4 ,! residue left aft] ! evaporation ( ! *lor(orm1 if a consid]able am\nt ( sac*>9e is pres5t1 has a di/9ctly sweet ta/e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! only o!r sub/ance hav+ a sweet ta/e :i* may be pres5t 9 foods1 i4 e41 sug>1 is n soluble 9 *lor(orm1 & !re=e does n int]f]e ) ?is reaction4 ,c]ta9 o!r bodies 7tann9s7 :i* h an a/r+5t ta/e are pres5t1 & z !y are soluble 9 *lor(orm may sometimes mask ! te/ = sac*>9e1 b ) practice ?is difficulty is obviat$4 ,det]m9ation ( ,artificial ,colors3 ,detection ( ,coal-,t> ,dyes4--,color+ matt]s us$ ) foods are usually soluble 9 wat]4 ,if ! food "u exam9ation be a liquid1 x may !re=e be treat$ directly by ! me?od giv5 bel[4 ,if x be a solid or a pa/y sub/ance1 soluble 9 wat] ei!r 9 ! cold or aft] heat+1 x may be dissolv$ 9 suffici5t wat] to =m a ?9 liquid4 ,if x conta9s "s insoluble mat]ial1 x may be treat$ ) suffici5t wat] to dissolve ! soluble portion ) ! =mation ( a ?9 liquid & filt]$1 & !n /ra9$ ?r\gh a clean :ite cotton clo? to sep>ate ! insoluble portion4 ,ab\t a half teacupful ( ! liquid ?us describ$ is heat$ to boil+1 aft] add+ a few drops ( hydro*loric acid & a small piece ( :ite wool5 clo? or a few /r&s ( :ite wool5 y>n4 7,be=e us+1 ! wool %\ld be boil$ ) wat] conta9+ a little soda1 to remove any fat x may conta91 & !n wa%$ ) wat]47 ,! wool is aga9 wa%$1 fir/ ) hot & !n ) cold wat]1 ! wat] press$ out z completely z possible1 & ! color ( ! fabric not$4 ,if no m>k$ color is produc$1 ! te/ may be discont9u$ & ! product consid]$ free f artificial colors4 ,if ! fabric is color$1 x may h tak5 up coal-t> colors1 "s =eign vegetable colors1 & if a fruit product is be+ exam9$1 "s ( ! natural color+ matt] ( ! fruit4 ,r9se ! fabric 9 hot wat]1 & !n boil = #b or #c m9utes 9 ab\t "o-?ird ( a teacupful ( wat] & #b or #c teaspoonfuls ( h\sehold ammonia4 ,remove & free f z mu* ( ! liquid z possible by squeez+ or wr++4 ,usually ! fabric w reta9 ! great] "p ( ! natural fruit color1 :ile ! coal-t> color dissolves 9 dilute ammonia4 ,! liquid is !n /irr$ ) a spl9t] ( wood & hydro*loric acid add$1 a drop or two at a "t1 until !re is no long] any odor ( ammonia4 7,! atmosph]e ( ! vessel is sometimes *>g$ ) ! ammonia = sev]al m9utes aft] x has all be5 driv5 out ( ! liquid2 !re=e "o %\ld bl[ into ! di% to remove ?is air be=e decid+ :e!r ! ammonia odor has be5 remov$ or n47 ,:5 en\gh acid has be5 add$ ! liquid has a s\r ta/e1 z may be det]m9$ by t\*+ ! spl9t]1 us$ 9 /irr+1 to ! tongue4 ,a fre% piece ( :ite wool5 clo? is boil$ 9 ?is liquid & ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,if ?is piece ( clo? has a di/9ct color ! food "u exam9ation is artificially color$4 ,! color us$ may h be5 a coal-t> d]ivative1 commonly call$ an anil9e dye1 or an artificial color *emically prep>$ f "s vegetable color4 ,if ( ! fir/ class ! dy$ fabric is usually turn$ purple or blue by ammonia4 ,9 ei!r case1 if ! second fabric has a di/9ct color1 x is evid5t t ! product "u exam9ation is artificially color$4 ,( c\rse a dull1 fa9t t9t mu/ be disreg>d$4 ,detection ( ,copp]4--,! pres5ce ( copp]1 (t5 us$ to deep5 ! gre5 t9t ( import$ cann$ peas1 beans1 sp9a*1 etc41 may be detect$ z foll[s3 ,ma% "s ( ! sample 9 a di% ) a /iff kit*5 spoon4 ,place a teaspoonful ( ! pulp 9 a teacup ) #c teaspoonfuls ( wat] & add #cj drops ( /rong hydro*loric acid ) a m$ic9e dropp]4 ,set ! cup on ! /ove 9 a saucepan conta9+ boil+ wat]4 ,drop a bright iron brad or nail 7wire nails are ! be/ & t9 c>pet tacks #ceb w n answ] ! purpose7 into ! cup & keep ! wat] 9 ! saucepan boil+ = #bj m9utes1 /irr+ ! cont5ts ( ! cup frequ5tly ) a spl9t] ( wood4 ,p\r out ! cont5ts ( ! cup & exam9e ! nail4 ,if pres5t 9 an appreciable am\nt ! nail w be heavily plat$ ) copp]4 ,caution4--,be c>eful n to all[ ! hydro*loric acid to come 9 contact ) metals or ) ! fle% or clo?+4 ,detection ( ,turm]ic4--,9 yell[ spices1 especially mu/>d & mace1 turm]ic is (t5 employ$4 ,?is is especially true ( prep>$ mu/>d to :i* a suffici5t am\nt ( />* adult]ant has be5 add$ to r$uce ! natural color mat]ially4 ,if turm]ic be employ$ to re/ore ! normal %ade an indication ( t fact may sometimes be obta9$ by mix+ a half teaspoonful ( ! sample 9 a :ite *9a di% & mix+ ) x an equal am\nt ( wat]1 & a few drops 7#d to #aj7 ( h\sehold ammonia1 :5 a m>k$ br[n color1 :i* does n appe> 9 ! abs5ce ( turm]ic1 is =m$4 ,at ! pres5t "t turm]ic or a solution ( curcuma 7! color+ matt] ( turm]ic7 is sometimes add$ to adult]at$ mu/>d 9 suffici5t am\nt to increase its color1 b n to a suffici5t ext5t to give ! br[n appe>ance ) ammonia describ$ above4 ,9 su* cases a teaspoonful ( ! suspect$ sample may be ?or\ghly /irr$ ) a c\ple ( tablespoonfuls ( alcohol1 ! mixture all[$ to settle = #ae m9utes or m1 & ! upp] liquid p\r$ (f into a clean glass or bottle4 ,to ab\t #a tablespoonful ( ! liquid ?us prep>$ & plac$ 9 a small1 cle> di% 7a glass salt cell> s]ves excell5tly7 add #d or #e drops ( a conc5trat$ solution ( boric acid or borax & ab\t #aj drops ( hydro*loric acid1 & mix ! solution by /irr+ ) a spl9t] ( wood4 ,a w$ge-%ap$ /rip ( filt] pap]1 ab\t #b or #c in*es long1 #a in* wide at ! upp] end1 & #a_/d in* at ! l[] end1 is !n susp5d$ by p9n+1 s t its n>r[ end is imm]s$ 9 ! solution1 & is all[$ to /& = a c\ple ( h\rs4 ,! be/ results are obta9$ if ! pap] is s susp5d$ t air c circulate freely ar\nd x1 i4 e41 n all[+ x to t\* any?+ except ! p9 & ! liquid 9 ! di%4 ,if turm]ic be pres5t a *]ry-r$ color =ms on ! filt] pap] a %ort di/ance bel[ ! upp] limit to :i* ! liquid is absorb$ by ! pap]1 frequ5tly f #c_/d ( an in* to an in* above ! surface ( ! liquid itself4 ,a drop ( h\sehold ammonia *anges ?is r$ color to a d>k gre51 almo/ black4 ,if too mu* hydro*loric acid is us$ a dirty br[ni% color is produc$4 ,detection ( ,c>amel4--,a solution ( c>amel is us$ to color _m sub/ances1 su* z v9eg> & "s di/ill$ liquors4 ,to detect x two te/ tubes or small bottles ( ab\t equal size & %ape %\ld be employ$ & an equal am\nt 7#b or #c tablespoonfuls or m7 ( ! suspect$ sample plac$ 9 ea*4 ,to "o ( ^! bottles is add$ a teaspoonful ( full]'s e>?1 ! sample %ak5 vigor\sly = #b or #c m9utes1 & !n filt]$ ?r\gh filt] pap]1 ! fir/ portion ( ! filt]$ liquid be+ return$ to ! filt] pap] & ! sample f9ally collect$ into ! te/ tube or bottle 9 :i* x 0 orig9ally plac$1 or a simil> "o4 ,! filt]$ liquid is n[ comp>$ ) ! untreat$ sample4 ,if x is m>k$ly light] 9 color x may be tak5 = grant$ t ! color ( ! liquid is due to c>amel1 :i* is l>gely remov$ by full]'s e>?4 ,9 apply+ ?is te/1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t c>amel occurs naturally 9 malt v9eg>1 be+ =m$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! malt4 ,x is evid5t t ! te/s require practice & exp]i5ce be=e !y c be successfully p]=m$4 ,! h\sewife c use !m1 b mu/ repeat !m frequ5tly 9 ord] to become pr(ici5t 9 _! use4 ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,classes ,,( ,,foods3 ,cann$ ,vegetables4--,^! are relatively free f adult]ation by means ( =eign sub/ances4 ,! diff]5t grades ( products may ) c>e be readily detect$ by ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! sample4 ,! pur*as] is1 ( c\rse1 at ! disadvantage ( n be+ able to see ! product until ! c is op5$4 ,by a /udy ( ! diff]5t br&s available 9 ! vic9ity1 h[ev]1 he c readily select ^? :i* are pref]able4 ,z /at$ 9 an e>li] "p ( ?is article1 cann$ tomatoes sometimes conta9 an artificial color+ matt]1 :i* may be detect$ z describ$4 ,cann$ sweet corn is sometimes sweet5$ ) sac*>9e1 :i* may be detect$ z describ$4 ,x is believ$ t1 z a rule1 cann$ vegetables are free f pres]vatives1 al?\gh "s in/ances ( *emical pres]vation h rec5tly be5 report$ 9 ,nor? ,dakota1 & "s import$ #cec tomatoes h be5 f\nd to be artificially pres]v$4 ,! pres5ce ( copp]1 (t5 us$ = ! artificial gre5+ ( import$ cann$ peas1 beans1 sp9a*1 etc41 may be detect$ z describ$4 ,c(fee4--,!re are a numb] ( simple te/s = ! pres5ce ( ! adult]ants ( gr\nd c(fee4 ,^! are call$ simple because !y c be p]=m$ )\t ! facilities ( ! *emical laboratory1 & by "o :o has n _h ! exp]i5ce & tra9+ ( a *emi/4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t !y require c>eful obs]vation & /udy1 & t "o mu/ p]=m !m repeat$ly 9 ord] to obta9 reliable results4 ,be=e apply+ !m to ! exam9ation ( an unkn[n sample1 samples ( kn[n "* %\ld be secur$ & /udi$4 ,ungr\nd c(fee may be gr\nd 9 ! home & mix$ ) v>i\s k9ds ( adult]ants1 :i* c also be secur$ sep>ately4 ,?us ! articles !mselves 9 kn[n mixtures may be /udi$1 & :5 ! same results are obta9$ ) unkn[n samples !y c be correctly int]pret$4 ,^! te/s are well kn[n 9 ! laboratory & may be us$ 9 ! home ( ! c>eful h\sewife :o has ! "t & p]sev]ance to ma/] !m4 ,physical ,te/s4--,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! g5u9e gr\nd c(fee & ! adult]at$ article c (t5 be detect$ by simple inspection ) ! nak$ eye4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true if ! product be co>sely cru%$ r ?an f9ely gr\nd4 ,9 su* condition pure c(fee has a q uni=m appe>ance1 :]eas ! mixtures ( peas1 beans1 c]eals1 *icory1 etc41 (t5 disclose _! het]og5e\s nature to ! c>eful obs]v]4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true if a magnify+ glass be employ$4 ,! diff]5t articles compos+ ! mixture may !n be sep>at$ by ! po9t ( a p5-knife4 ,! d>k1 gummy-look+ *icory p>ticles /& out 9 /rong contra/ to ! o!r sub/ances us$1 & _! nature c be det]m9$ by "o :o is famili> ) !m by _! a/r+5t ta/e4 ,! appe>ance ( ! c(fee p>ticles is also q di/9ct f t ( _m ( ! c(fee sub/itutes employ$4 ,! c(fee has a dull surface1 :]eas "s ( its sub/itutes1 especially legum9\s products1 (t5 pres5t ! appe>ance ( hav+ a poli%$ surface4 ,aft] a c>eful inspection ( ! sample ) ! nak$ eye1 or1 bett]1 ) a magnify+ glass1 a portion ( x may be plac$ 9 a small bottle half full ( wat] & %ak54 ,! bottle is !n plac$ on ! table = a mom5t4 ,pure c(fee conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( oil1 by reason ( :i* ! great] portion ( ! sample w float4 ,all c(fee sub/itutes & "s p>ticles ( c(fee s9k to ! bottom ( ! liquid4 ,a fair idea ( ! purity ( ! sample c (t5 be det]m9$ by ! proportion ( ! sample :i* floats or s9ks4 ,*icory conta9s a sub/ance :i* dissolves 9 wat]1 imp>t+ a br[ni%-r$ color4 ,:5 ! suspect$ sample is dropp$ into a glass ( wat]1 ! gra9s ( *icory :i* x conta9s may be se5 sl[ly s9k+ to ! bottom1 leav+ a tra9 ( a d>k-br[n color$ liquid beh9d !m4 ,?is te/ appe>s to lead to m errors 9 ! h&s ( inexp]i5c$ op]ators ?an any o!r te/ "h giv54 ,wrong conclusions may be avoid$ by work+ fir/ ) kn[n samples ( c(fee & *icory z sugge/$ above4 ,_m c(fee sub/itutes are n[ sold z su* & are adv]tis$ z m :olesome ?an c(fee4 ,not)/&+ ! claims t are made = !m1 a few ( !m conta9 a consid]able p]c5tage ( c(fee4 ,?is may be det]m9$ by %ak+ a teaspoonful 9 a bottle half full ( wat]1 z describ$ above4 ,! bottle mu/ be ?or\ghly %ak5 s z to wet e p>ticle ( ! sample4 ,few p>ticles ( c(fee sub/itutes w float4 ,*emical ,te/s4--,c(fee conta9s no />*1 :ile all ( ! sub/ances1 except *icory1 us$ = its adult]ation & 9 ! prep>ation ( c(fee sub/itutes conta9 a consid]able am\nt ( />*4 ,! pres5ce ( su* sub/itutes may1 !re=e1 be detect$ by apply+ ! te/ = />*4 ,9 mak+ ?is te/ less ?an a qu>t] ( a teaspoonful ( gr\nd c(fee %\ld be us$1 or a portion ( ! ord9>y infusion prep>$ = ! table may be employ$ aft] dilution4 ,! am\nt ( wat] t %\ld be add$ c only be det]m9$ by exp]i5ce4 ,condim5tal ,sauces4--,tomato catsup & o!r condim5tal sauces are frequ5tly pres]v$ & color$ artificially4 ,! pres]vatives employ$ are usually salicylic acid & b5zoic acid or _! sodium salts4 ,^! products may be detect$ by ! me?ods giv54 ,coal-t> colors are frequ5tly employ$ ) ?is class ( goods1 especially ) ^? ( a r$di% t9t1 l tomato catsup4 ,!y may be detect$ by ! me?ods giv54 #ced ,,dairy ,,products3 ,butt]4--,me?ods are available :i*1 ) a little practice1 may be employ$ to di/+ui% betwe5 fre% butt]1 r5ovat$ or process butt]1 & oleom>g>9e4 ,^! me?ods are commonly us$ 9 food & dairy laboratories4 ,!y give reliable results4 ,at ! same "t consid]able practice is necess>y be=e we c int]pret correctly ! results obta9$4 ,"s process butt]s are on ! m>ket :i* c be di/+ui%$ f fre% butt] only ) extreme difficulty4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s consid]able progress has be5 made 9 ! attempt to r5ovate butt] 9 su* a way t x w appe> l fre% butt] 9 all respects4 ,a /udy mu/ be made ( ^! me?ods if we w\ld obta9 reliable results4 ,! 8spoon0 te/ has be5 sugge/$ z a h\sehold te/1 & is commonly us$ by analytical *emi/s = di/+ui%+ fre% butt] f r5ovat$ butt] & oleom>g>9e4 ,a lump ( butt]1 #b or #c times ! size ( a pea1 is plac$ 9 a l>ge spoon & heat$ ov] an alcohol or ,buns5 burn]4 ,if m conv5i5t ! spoon may be held above ! *imney ( an ord9>y k]os5e lamp1 or x may ev5 be held ov] an ord9>y illum9at+ gas burn]4 ,if ! sample 9 "q be fre% butt] x w boil quietly1 ) ! evolution ( _m small bubbles ?r\gh\t ! mass :i* produce a l>ge am\nt ( foam4 ,oleom>g>9e & process butt]1 on ! o!r h&1 sputt] & crackle1 mak+ a noise simil> to t he>d :5 a gre5 /ick is plac$ 9 a fire4 ,ano!r po9t ( di/9ction is not$ if a small portion ( ! sample be plac$ 9 a small bottle & set 9 a vessel ( wat] suffici5tly w>m to melt ! butt]4 ,! sample is kept melt$ f half an h\r to an h\r1 :5 x is exam9$4 ,if r5ovat$ butt] or oleom>g>9e1 ! fat w be turbid1 :ile if g5u9e fre% butt] ! fat w almo/ c]ta9ly be entirely cle>4 ,to manipulate :at is kn[n z ! 8,wat]h\se0 or 8milk0 te/1 ab\t #b ounces ( sweet milk are plac$ 9 a wide-m\!d bottle1 :i* is set 9 a vessel ( boil+ wat]4 ,:5 ! milk is ?or\ghly heat$1 a teaspoonful ( butt] is add$1 & ! mixture /irr$ ) a spl9t] ( wood until ! fat is melt$4 ,! bottle is !n plac$ 9 a di% ( ice wat] & ! /irr+ cont9u$ until ! fat solidifies4 ,if ! sample be butt]1 ei!r fre% or r5ovat$1 x w be solidifi$ 9 a granul> condition & di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! milk 9 small p>ticles4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! sample consi/ ( oleom>g>9e x solidifies practically 9 "o piece & may be lift$ by ! /irr] f ! milk4 ,by ^! two te/s1 ! fir/ ( :i* di/+ui%es fre% butt] f process or r5ovat$ butt] & oleom>g>9e1 & ! second ( :i* di/+ui%es oleom>g>9e f ei!r fre% butt] or r5ovat$ butt]1 ! nature ( ! sample "u exam9ation may be det]m9$4 ,milk4--,! olde/ & simple/ me?od ( adult]at+ milk is by dilution ) wat]4 ,?is de/roys ! natural yell[i%-:ite color & produces a blui% t9t1 :i* is sometimes correct$ by ! addition ( a small am\nt ( color+ matt]4 ,ano!r =m ( adult]ation is ! removal ( ! cream & ! sale z :ole milk ( skimm$ or p>tially skimm$ milk4 ,aga91 ! difficulty exp]i5c$ 9 ! pres]vation ( milk 9 w>m wea!r has l$ to ! widespread use ( *emical pres]vatives4 ,detection ( ,wat]4--,if a lactomet] or hydromet]1 :i* c be obta9$ ( deal]s 9 *emical app>atus1 be available1 ! specific gravity ( milk w af=d "s clew z to :e!r ! sample has be5 adult]at$ by dilution ) wat]4 ,:ole milk has a specific gravity betwe5 #a4jbg & #a4jcc4 ,! specific gravity ( skimm$ milk is high]1 & milk v ri* 9 cream is sometimes l[] ?an ^! figures4 ,x is und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 t by specific gravity is meant ! weight ( a sub/ance ) ref]5ce to ! weight ( an equal volume ( wat]4 ,! specific gravity ( wat] is #a4 ,x is obvi\s t if wat] be add$ to a milk ) ! specific gravity ( #a4jcj1 ! specific gravity ( ! mixture w be some:at bel[ ^? figures4 ,an indication by means ( a hydromet] or lactomet] bel[ ! figure #a4jbg !re=e indicates ei!r t ! sample 9 "q is a v ri* milk or t x is a milk 7p]haps normal1 p]haps skimm$7 t has be5 wat]$4 ,! diff]5ce 9 appe>ance & nature ( ^! two extremes is suffici5tly obvi\s to make use ( ! lactomet] or hydromet] ( value z a prelim9>y te/ ( ! purity ( milk4 ,detection ( ,color4--,z previ\sly /at$1 :5 milk is dilut$ by means ( wat] ! natural yell[i%-:ite color is *ang$ to a blui% t9t1 :i* is sometimes correct$ by ! addition #cee ( color+ matt]4 ,coal-t> colors are usually employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,a reaction = ^! colors is (t5 obta9$ 9 ! me?od giv5 bel[ = ! detection ( =maldehyde4 ,:5 /rong hydro*loric acid is add$ to ! milk 9 approximately equal proportions be=e ! mixture is heat$ a p9k t+e sometimes is evid5t if a coal-t> color has be5 add$4 ,detection ( ,=maldehyde4--,=maldehyde is ! sub/ance mo/ commonly us$ = pres]v+ milk & is r>ely1 if ev]1 add$ to any o!r food4 ,its use is inexcusable & especially objectionable 9 milk s]v$ to infants & invalids4 ,to detect =maldehyde 9 milk #c or #d tablespoonfuls ( ! sample are plac$ 9 a teacup ) at lea/ an equal am\nt ( /rong hydro*loric acid & a piece ( f]ric alum ab\t z l>ge z a p9head1 ! liquids be+ mix$ by a g5tle rot>y motion4 ,! cup is !n plac$ 9 a vessel ( boil+ wat]1 no fur!r heat be+ appli$1 & left = #e m9utes4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t1 if =maldehyde be pres5t1 ! mixture w be di/9ctly purple4 ,if too mu* heat is appli$1 a muddy appe>ance is imp>t$ to ! cont5ts ( ! cup4 ,caution4--,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 work+ ) hydro*loric acid1 z x is /rongly corrosive4 ,edible ,oils4--,) ! exception ( cottonse$ oil1 ! adult]ants ord9>ily us$ ) edible oils are ( su* a nature t ! exp]i5ce ( a *emi/ & ! facilities ( a *emical laboratory are ess5tial to _! detection4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a simple te/ = ! detection ( cottonse$ oil1 kn[n z ! ,halph5 te/1 :i* may be readily appli$4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 9 ! manipulation ( ?is te/1 z "o ( ! reag5ts employ$--c>bon bisulphide--is v inflammable4 ,! *emicals employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! reag5t us$ = ?is te/ are n h\sehold articles4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 be obta9$ 9 any ph>macy4 ,! mixture %\ld be prep>$ by a druggi/ r ?an by an inexp]i5c$ p]son :o desires to use x4 ,9 ord] to p]=m ! te/ #b or #c tablespoonfuls ( ?is reag5t are mix$ 9 a bottle ) an equal volume ( ! suspect$ sample ( oil & heat$ 9 a vessel ( boil+ salt solution 7prep>$ by dissolv+ #a tablespoonful ( salt 9 a p9t ( wat]7 = #aj or #ae m9utes4 ,at ! end ( t "t1 if ev5 a small p]c5tage ( cottonse$ oil be pres5t1 ! mixture w be ( a di/9ct r$di% color1 & if ! sample consi/s l>gely or entirely ( cottonse$ oil1 ! color w be deep r$4 ,eggs4--,!re is no bett] me?od = ! te/+ ( ! fre%ness ( an egg ?an ! famili> "o ( 8c&l+10 :i* has long be5 practic$ by deal]s4 ,! room is d>k5$ & ! egg held betwe5 ! eye & a light2 ! pres5ce ( d>k spots indicates t ! egg is n p]fectly fre%1 "o t is fre% pres5t+ a homog5e\s1 transluc5t appe>ance4 ,moreov]1 !re is f\nd 9 ! l>g] end ( a fre% egg1 betwe5 ! %ell & ! l9+ membrane1 a small air cell :i*1 ( c\rse1 is di/9ctly transp>5t4 ,9 an egg :i* is n p]fectly fre% ?is space is fill$ & h5ce pres5ts ! same appe>ance z ! re/ ( ! egg4 ,x is n[ a matt] ( consid]able importance to be able to di/+ui% betwe5 fre% eggs & ^? t h be5 pack$ = a consid]able "t4 ,until rec5tly t 0 n a difficult matt]4 ,all ( ! solutions t 7 =m]ly ext5sively us$ = t purpose gave ! %ell a smoo?1 gli/5+ appe>ance :i* is n f\nd 9 ! fre% egg4 ,?is *>act]i/ic1 h[ev]1 is ( less value n[ ?an =m]ly1 ow+ to ! fact t pack$ eggs are usually pres]v$ 9 cold /orage4 ,!re is n[ no means by :i* a fre% egg c be di/+ui%$ f a pack$ egg )\t break+ x4 ,usually 9 eggs t h be5 pack$ = a consid]able "t ! :ite & yolk slightly int]m+le along ! po9t ( contact1 & x is a difficult matt] to sep>ate !m4 ,pack$ eggs also h a t5d5cy to adh]e to ! %ell on "o side & :5 op5$ frequ5tly h a mu/y odor4 ,,flavor+ ,,extracts4 ,al?\gh a l>ge numb] ( flavor+ extracts are on ! m>ket1 vanilla & lemon extracts are us$ s mu* m commonly ?an o!r flavors t a k ( _! purity is ( ! greate/ importance4 ,only me?ods = ! exam9ation ( ^? two products w be consid]$4 ,vanilla ,extract4--,vanilla extract is made by extract+ vanilla beans ) alcohol4 ,x consi/s ( an alcoholic solution ( vanill9 7! *>act]i/ic flavor+ matt] ( ! vanilla bean7 & sev]al o!r products1 *iefly ros9s1 :i*1 ?\gh pres5t 9 b small am\nt & hav+ only a slight flavor 9 !mselves1 yet affect v mat]ially #cef ! flavor ( ! product4 ,vanilla extract is sometimes adult]at$ ) ! extract ( ! ,tonka bean4 ,?is extract1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 resembles vanilla extract4 ,! extract ( ! ,tonka bean1 h[ev]1 is f> inf]ior to t ( ! vanilla bean4 ,x has a relatively p5etrat+1 almo/ pung5t odor1 /&+ 9 %>p contra/ to ! flavor ( ! vanilla extract4 ,?is odor is s diff]5t t "o :o has giv5 ! matt] "s att5tion may readily di/+ui% ! two1 & ! quality ( ! vanilla extract may (t5 be judg$ ) a fair degree ( accuracy by means ( ! odor alone4 ,ano!r =m ( adult]ation1 & "o t is n[ q preval5t1 is ! use ( artificial vanill9 9 place ( ! extract ( ei!r vanilla or ,tonka beans4 ,artificial vanill9 has1 ( c\rse1 ! same composition & *>act]i/ics z ! natural vanill9 ( ! vanilla bean4 ,extracts made f x1 h[ev]1 are defici5t 9 ! ros9s & o!r products :i* are j z ess5tial to ! true vanilla1 z is vanill9 itself4 ,s9ce vanill9 is ?us obta9$ f ano!r s\rce s readily1 me?ods = ! det]m9ation ( ! purity ( vanilla extract mu/ dep5d ^u ! pres5ce ( o!r sub/ances ?an vanill94 ,detection ( ,c>amel4--,! color+ matt] ( vanilla extract is due to sub/ances naturally pres5t 9 ! vanilla bean & extract$ !refrom by alcohol4 ,artificial extracts made by dissolv+ artificial vanill9 9 alcohol conta9 no color ( !mselves1 & to supply x c>amel is commonly employ$4 ,c>amel may be detect$ 9 artificial extracts by %ak+ & obs]v+ ! color ( ! result+ foam aft] a mom5t's /&+4 ,! foam ( pure extracts is colorless4 ,if c>amel is pres5t a color p]si/s at ! po9ts ( contact betwe5 ! bubbles until ! la/ bubble has disappe>$4 ,! te/ ) full]'s e>? giv5 = c>amel 9 v9eg> is also v satisfactory1 b ( c\rse requires ! loss ( ! sample us$ = ! te/4 ,exam9ation ( ! ,ros94--,if pure vanilla extract be evaporat$ to ab\t "o-?ird its volume ! ros9s become insoluble & settle to ! bottom ( ! di%4 ,artificial extracts rema9 cle> "u ! same conditions4 ,9 exam9+ vanilla extract ! "* ( ^! ros9s is /udi$4 ,= ?is purpose a di% conta9+ ab\t an ounce ( ! extract is plac$ on a teakettle or o!r vessel ( boil+ wat] until ! liquid evaporates to ab\t "o-?ird or less ( its volume4 ,ow+ to ! evaporation ( ! alcohol ! ros9s w !n be insoluble4 ,wat] may be add$ to re/ore ! liquid to approximately its orig9al volume4 ,! ros9 w !n sep>ate out z a br[n floccul5t precipitate4 ,a few drops ( hydro*loric acid may be add$ & ! liquid /irr$ & ! insoluble matt] all[$ to settle4 ,x is !n filt]$ & ! ros9 on ! filt] pap] wa%$ ) wat]4 ,! ros9 is !n dissolv$ 9 a little alcohol1 & to #a portion ( ?is solution is add$ a small p>ticle ( f]ric alum1 & to ano!r portion a few drops ( hydro*loric acid1 ,if ! ros9 be t ( ! vanilla bean1 nei!r f]ric alum nor hydro*loric acid w produce m ?an a slight *ange ( color4 ,) ros9s f mo/ o!r s\rces1 h[ev]1 "o or bo? ( ^! sub/ances yield a di/9ct color *ange4 ,= filt]+1 a piece ( filt] pap] %\ld be fold$ once ?r\gh ! middle & aga9 at "r angles to ! fir/ fold4 ,x may n[ be op5$ ) "o fold on "o side & ?ree on ! o!r & fitt$ into a glass funnel4 ,:5 ! pap] is fold$ 9 ?is mann] ! precipitat$ ros9s may be readily wa%$ ) wat]4 ,:5 ! wa%+ is complet$ ! ros9s may be dissolv$ by p\r+ alcohol ?r\gh ! filt]4 ,?is "w ) ! ros9s w require "s practice be=e x c be successfully p]=m$4 ,x is ( consid]able value1 h[ev]1 9 judg+ ( ! purity ( vanilla extract4 ,lemon ,extract4--,by lemon extract is und]/ood a solution ( lemon oil 9 /rong alcohol4 ,9 ord] to conta9 z mu* lemon oil z is suppos$ to be f\nd 9 high-grade extracts ! alcohol %\ld con/itute ab\t #hj p] c5t ( ! sample4 ,! alcohol is !re=e ! mo/ valuable con/itu5t ( lemon extract1 & manufactur]s :o turn out a l[-grade product usually d s because ( _! economy ( alcohol r ?an ( lemon oil4 ,ow+ to ! fact t lemon extract is practically a saturat$ solution ( oil ( lemon 9 /rong alcohol ! sample may be exam9$ by simple dilution ) wat]4 ,a teaspoonful ( ! oil 9 "q may be plac$ 9 ! bottom ( an ord9>y glass tumbl] & #b or #c teaspoonfuls ( wat] add$4 ,if ! sample 9 "q be real lemon extract ! lemon oil %\ld be ?r[n out ( solution by reason ( its insolubility 9 ! alcohol aft] its dilution ) wat]4 ,! result is at fir/ a m>k$ turbidity & lat] ! sep>ation ( ! oil ( lemon on ! top #ceg ( ! aque\s liquid4 ,if ! sample rema9s p]fectly cle> aft] ! addition ( wat]1 or if a m>k$ turbidity is n produc$1 x is a l[-grade product & conta9s v little1 if any1 oil ( lemon4 ,fruit ,products4--,adult]ation ( fruit products is practically conf9$ to jellies & jams4 ,contr>y to ! g5]al belief1 gelat9 is nev] us$ 9 mak+ fruit jelly4 ,9 ! manufacture ( ! v *eape/ grade ( jellies />* is sometimes employ$4 ,jellies conta9+ />*1 h[ev]1 are s crude 9 _! appe>ance t ! mo/ sup]ficial inspection is suffici5t to demon/rate t !y are n pure fruit jellies4 ,f _! appe>ance no "o w\ld ?9k x wor? :ile to exam9e !m to det]m9e _! purity4 ,natural fruit jellies become liquid on be+ w>m$4 ,a spoonful dissolves readily 9 w>m wat]1 al?\gh consid]able "t is requir$ ) ^? t are especially firm4 ,! small fruits conta9 practically no />*1 z apples d1 & ! pres5ce ( />* 9 a jelly indicates t "s apple juice has probably be5 us$ 9 its prep>ation4 ,detection ( ,/>*4--,dissolve a teaspoonful ( jelly 9 a half teacupful ( hot wat]1 heat to boil+ & add1 drop by drop1 :ile /irr+ ) a teaspoon1 a solution ( potassium p]manganate until ! solution is almo/ colorless4 ,!n all[ ! solution to cool & te/ = />* ) t9cture ( iod9e1 z direct$ lat]4 ,artificially color$ jellies are sometimes n decoloriz$ by potassium p]manganate4 ,ev5 )\t decoloriz+1 h[ev]1 ! blue color c usually be se54 ,detection ( ,glucose4--,= ! detection ( glucose1 a teaspoonful ( ! jelly may be dissolv$ 9 a glass tumbl] or bottle 9 #b or #c tablespoonfuls ( wat]4 ,! vessel 9 :i* ! jelly is dissolv$ may be plac$ 9 hot wat] if necess>y to ha/5 ! solution4 ,9 case a jam or m>malade is be+ exam9$1 ! mixture is filt]$ to sep>ate ! insoluble matt]4 ,! solution is all[$ to cool1 & an equal volume or a little m ( /rong alcohol is add$4 ,if ! sample is a pure fruit product ! addition ( alcohol causes no precipitation1 except t a v slight am\nt ( proteid bodies is ?r[n d[n4 ,if glucose has be5 employ$ 9 its manufacture1 h[ev]1 a d5se :ite precipitate sep>ates &1 aft] a "t1 settles to ! bottom ( ! liquid4 ,detection ( ,=eign ,se$s4--,9 addition to ! =ms ( adult]ation to :i* jellies are subject1 jams are sometimes manufactur$ f ! exhau/$ fruit pulp left aft] remov+ ! juice = mak+ jelly4 ,:5 ?is is done residues f diff]5t fruits are sometimes mix$4 ,exhau/$ raspb]ry or blackb]ry pulp may be us$ 9 mak+ 8/rawb]ry0 jam & vice v]sa4 ,"s in/ances are report$ ( v>i\s small se$s1 su* z timo?y1 clov]1 & alfalfa se$1 hav+ be5 us$ ) jams made f se$less pulp4 ,) ! aid ( a small magnify+ glass su* =ms ( adult]ation may be detect$1 ! obs]v] famili>iz+ himself ) ! se$s ( ! ord9>y fruits4 ,detection ( ,pres]vatives & ,colors4--,) jellies & jams salicylic & b5zoic acids are sometimes employ$4 ,!y may be detect$ by ! me?ods giv54 ,artificial colors1 usually coal-t> d]ivatives1 are sometimes us$ & may be detect$ z describ$4 ,meat ,products4--,z 9 _m o!r classes ( foods1 c]ta9 que/ions important 9 ! judgm5t ( meats require practical exp]i5ce & close obs]vation r ?an *emical tra9+4 ,?is is especially true ( meat products4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! meat mu/ l>gely guide ! pur*as]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! meat has be5 treat$ ) pres]vatives & color+ matt] its appe>ance is s *ang$ z to deceive him4 ,! pres]vatives employ$ ) meat products are boric acid1 borax1 & sulphites4 ,! me?ods = ! detection ( sulphites are n suitable = h\sehold use4 ,detection ( ,boric ,acid & ,borax4--,to detect boric acid 7if borax has be5 us$ ! same reaction w be obta9$71 ab\t a tablespoonful ( ! *opp$ meat is ?or\ghly mac]at$ ) a little hot wat]1 press$ ?r\gh a bag1 & #b or #c tablespoonfuls ( ! liquid plac$ 9 a sauce di% ) #ae or #bj drops ( /rong hydro*loric acid = ea* tablespoonful4 ,! liquid is !n filt]$ ?r\gh filt] pap]1 & a piece ( turm]ic pap] dipp$ into x & dri$ ne> a lamp or /ove4 ,if boric acid or borax 7 us$ = pres]v+ ! sample1 ! turm]ic pap] %\ld be *ang$ to a bright *]ry-r$ color4 ,if too mu* hydro*loric acid has be5 employ$ a dirty br[ni%-r$ color is obta9$1 :i* int]f]es ) ! color due to ! pres5ce ( #ceh boric acid4 ,:5 a drop ( h\sehold ammonia is add$ to ! color$ turm]ic pap]1 x is turn$ a d>k gre51 almo/ black color1 if boric acid is pres5t4 ,if ! r$di% color1 h[ev]1 0 caus$ by ! use ( too mu* hydro*loric acid ?is gre5 color does n =m4 ,caution4--,! corrosive nature ( hydro*loric acid mu/ n be =gott54 ,x mu/ n be all[$ to t\* ! fle%1 clo!s1 or any metal4 ,detection ( ,colors4--,! detection ( color+ matt] 9 sausage is (t5 a difficult matt] )\t ! use ( a comp\nd microscope4 ,x may sometimes be sep>at$1 h[ev]1 by mac]at+ ! meat ) a mixture ( equal p>ts ( glyc]9e & wat] to :i* a few drops ( acetic or hydro*loric acid h be5 add$4 ,aft] mac]at+ = "s "t ! mixture is filt]$ & ! color+ matt] detect$ by means ( dye+ wool 9 ! liquid ?us obta9$4 ,spices4--,al?\gh gr\nd spices are v frequ5tly adult]at$1 !re are few me?ods t may be us$ by "o :o has n _h *emical tra9+1 & :o is n skill$ 9 ! use ( a comp\nd microscope1 = ! detection ( ! adult]ants employ$4 ,! majority ( ! sub/ances us$ = ! adult]ation ( spices are ( a />*y "*4 ,un=tunately = our purposes1 mo/ ( ! common spices also conta9 a consid]able am\nt ( />*4 ,cloves1 mu/>d1 & cay5ne1 h[ev]1 are practically free f />*1 & ! pres5ce ( />* 9 ! gr\nd article is pro( ( adult]ation4 ,detection ( ,/>* 9 ,cloves1 ,mu/>d1 & ,cay5ne4--,a half teaspoonful ( ! spice 9 "q is /irr$ into half a cupful ( boil+ wat]1 & ! boil+ cont9u$ = #b or #c m9utes4 ,! mixture is !n cool$4 ,if ( a d>k color1 x is dilut$ ) a suffici5t am\nt ( wat] to r$uce ! color to su* an ext5t t ! reaction =m$ by />* & iod9e may be cle>ly app>5t if />* be pres5t4 ,! am\nt ( dilution c only be det]m9$ by practice1 b usually ! liquid mu/ be dilut$ ) an equal volume ( wat]1 or only #a_/d ( a teaspoonful ( ! sample may be employ$ orig9ally4 ,a s+le drop ( t9cture ( iod9e is n[ add$4 ,if />* is pres5t1 a deep blue color1 :i* 9 ! pres5ce ( a l>ge am\nt ( />* appe>s black1 is =m$4 ,if no blue color appe>s1 ! addition ( ! iod9e t9cture %\ld be cont9u$1 drop by drop1 until ! liquid %[s by its color ! pres5ce ( iod9e 9 solution4 ,detection ( ,colors4--,spice sub/itutes are sometimes color$ ) coal-t> colors4 ,^! products may be detect$ by ! me?ods giv54 ,v9eg>4--,a p]son ?or\ghly famili> ) v9eg> c tell mu* reg>d+ ! s\rce ( ! article f its appe>ance1 color1 odor1 & ta/e4 ,if a glass be r9s$ out ) ! sample ( v9eg> & all[$ to /& = a numb] ( h\rs or ov]night1 ! odor ( ! residue rema9+ 9 ! glass is q diff]5t ) diff]5t k9ds ( v9eg>4 ,?us1 w9e v9eg> has ! odor *>act]i/ic ( w9e1 & cid] v9eg> has a peculi> fruity odor4 ,a small am\nt ( practice ) ?is te/ enables "o to di/+ui% ) a high degree ( accuracy betwe5 w9e & cid] v9eg>s & ! ord9>y sub/itutes4 ,if a sample ( v9eg> be plac$ 9 a %all[ di% on a w>m /ove or boil+ teakettle & heat$ to a temp]ature suffici5t = evaporation & n suffici5t to burn ! residue1 ! odor ( ! w>m residue is also *>act]i/ic ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( v9eg>4 ,?us1 ! residue f cid] v9eg> has ! odor ( bak$ apples & ! flavor is acid & some:at a/r+5t 9 ta/e1 & t f w9e v9eg> is equally *>act]i/ic4 ,! residue obta9$ by evaporat+ v9eg> made f sug>-h\se products & f _s & wood v9eg> color$ by means ( c>amel has ! peculi> bitt] ta/e *>act]i/ic ( c>amel4 ,if ! residue be heat$ until x beg9s to burn1 ! odor ( ! burn+ product also v>ies ) diff]5t k9ds ( v9eg>4 ,?us1 ! residue f cid] v9eg> has ! odor ( scor*$ apples1 :ile t ( v9eg>s made f sug>-h\se wa/es & ( di/ill$ & wood v9eg>s color$ ) a l>ge am\nt ( c>amel has ! odor ( burnt sug>4 ,9 not+ ^! *>act]i/ics1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t1 9 ord] to make !m con=m to ^! te/s1 di/ill$ & wood v9eg>s (t5 receive ! addition ( apple jelly4 ,! *eap] =ms ( v9eg>1 especially di/ill$ & wood v9eg>1 are commonly color$ ) c>amel1 :i* c be detect$ by ! me?od giv54 ,,food ,,colorants4 7,mo/1 if n all1 ( ^! colorants are injuri\s & %\ld !re=e be us$ ) extreme caution47 ,sausage ,color4--,to dye sausage r$1 c]ta9 t> dye/uffs are employ$1 #cei especially ! azo dyes1 pref]5ce be+ giv5 to ! s-call$ g5u9e r$4 ,= ?is purpose ab\t #ajj p>ts ( dye/uff are dissolv$ 9 #a1jjj to #b1jjj p>ts ( hot wat]2 :5 ! solution is complete1 add a likewise hot solution ( #de to #ej p>ts ( boracic acid1 :]eupon ! mixture %\ld be /irr$ well = "s "t2 !n filt]1 all[ to cool1 & pres]ve 9 tightly clos+ bottles4 ,x is absolutely necess>y 9 us+ anil9e colors to add a dis9fectant to ! dye/uff solution1 ! object ( :i* is1 9 case ! sausage %\ld comm5ce to decompose1 to prev5t ! decomposition azo dye/uff by ! dis5gag$ hydrog54 ,in/ead ( boracic acid1 =mal9 may be us$ z a dis9fectant4 ,( ?is =mal91 #ch p] c5t1 add ab\t #be to #cj p>ts to ! cool$ & filt]$ dye/uff solution4 ,?is sausage color is us$ by add+ ab\t #a #a_/b to #b tablespoonfuls ( x to ! pres]v+ salt measur$ out = #ajj kilos ( sausage mass1 /irr+ well4 ,! sausage turns nei!r gray nor yell[ on /or+4 ,*eese ,color4--,i4--,to produce a suitable1 pretty yell[ color1 boil #ajj p>ts ( orlean or annatto ) #ge p>ts ( potassium c>bonate 9 #a #a_/b to #b lit]s ( wat]1 all[ to cool1 & filt] aft] settl+1 :]eupon #ae to #ah p>ts ( boracic acid are add$ to give keep+ qualities to ! solution4 ,accord+ to ano!r me?od1 dige/ ab\t #bjj p>ts ( orlean1 #bjj p>ts ( potassium c>bonate1 & #ajj p>ts ( turm]ic = #aj to #ab days 9 #a1ejj to #b1jjj p>ts ( #fj p] c5t alcohol1 filt]1 & keep 9 bottles4 ,to #ajj1jjj p>ts ( milk to be made into *eese add #a #a_/b to #b small spoonfuls ( ?is dye1 :i* imp>ts to ! *eese a p]man5t & natural yell[ appe>ance4 ,,ii4--,to obta9 a h&some yell[ color = *eese1 su* z is dem&$ = c]ta9 sorts1 boil toge!r #ajj p>ts ( annatto & #ge p>ts ( potassium c>bonate 9 f #a1ejj to #b1jjj p>ts ( pure wat]2 let x cool1 /& x aside = a "t1 & filt]1 add+ f9ally f #ab to #ae p>ts ( boracic acid z a pres]vative4 ,= color+ butt]1 !re is 9 ! trade a mixture ( bic>bonate ( soda ) #ab p] c5t to #ae p] c5t ( sodium *loride1 to :i* is add$ f #a #a_/b p] c5t to #b p] c5t ( p[d]$ turm]ic4 ,butt] ,color4--,= ! color+ ( butt] !re is 9 ! m>ket "u ! "n ( butt] p[d] a mixture ( sodium bic>bonate ) #ab to #ae p] c5t ( sodium *loride & #a #a_/b to #b p] c5t ( p[d]$ turm]ic2 also a mixture ( sodium bic>bonate1 #a1ejj p>ts2 saffron surrogate1 #h p>ts2 & salicylic acid1 #b p>ts4 ,= ! prep>ation ( liquid butt] color use a uni=m solution ( olive oil1 #a1ejj p>ts2 p[d]$ turm]ic1 #cjj p>ts2 orlean1 #bjj p>ts4 ,! orlean is appli$ on a plate ( glass or t9 9 a ?9 lay] & all[$ to dry p]fectly1 :]eupon x is gr\nd v f9e & intimately mix$ ) ! p[d]$ turm]ic4 ,?is mixture is /irr$ into ! oil ) dige/ion = sev]al h\rs 9 ! wat] ba?4 ,:5 a uni=m1 liquid mass has result$1 x is filt]$ hot ?r\gh a l95 filt] ) wide me%es4 ,aft] cool+1 ! filtrate is fill$ into bottles4 ,fifty to #fj drops ( ?is liquid color to #a #a_/b kilos ( butt] imp>t to ! latt] a h&some gold5 yell[ %ade4 ,,infant ,,foods3 ,infants' 7,malt$7 ,food4-- ,i4--,p[d]$ malt #a ounce ,oatmeal 7f9e/ gr\nd7 #b ounces ,sug> ( milk #d ounces ,bak$ fl\r #a p\nd ,mix ?or\ghly4 ,,ii4--,infant9e is a ,g]man infant food :i* is /at$ to conta9 egg album51 #e4e p] c5t2 fat1 #j4jh p] c5t2 wat]1 #d4bb p] c5t2 c>bohydrates1 #hf4eh p] c5t 7( :i* #ed4jh p] c5t is soluble 9 wat]72 & a%1 #b4ha p] c5t 7consi/+ ( calcium1 #aj4aa p] c5t2 potassium1 #b4fd p] c5t2 sodium1 #be4bg p] c5t2 *lor9e1 #cf4fe p] c5t2 sulphuric acid1 #c4ac p] c5t2 & phosphoric acid1 #ah4ea p] c5t74 ,,meat ,,pres]vatives4 7,mo/ ( ^! are consid]$ injuri\s by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture & %\ld !re=e be us$ ) extreme caution47 ,! ,pres]vation ( ,meats4--,decomposition ( ! meat sets 9 z soon z ! blood ceases to pulse 9 ! ve9s1 & x is !re=e necess>y to prop]ly pres]ve x until ! "t ( its consumption4 ,! nature ( pres]vation mu/ be gov]n$ by circum/ances su* z ! k9d & quality ( ! article to be pres]v$1 l5g? ( "t & climatic condition1 etc4 ,:ile salt1 v9eg>1 & alcohol m]it recognition on ! /r5g? ( a long-cont9u$ usage z pres]vatives1 mod]n usage favors boric acid & borax1 & solutions conta9+ salicylic acid & sulphuric acid are common1 #cfj & h be5 ! subject ( sev]e criticism4 ,_m o!r me?ods ( pres]vation h be5 tri$ ) v>iable degrees ( success2 & ( ! m ?or\ghly te/$ ones ! foll[+ probably include all ( ^? des]v+ m ?an pass+ m5tion or consid]ation4 #a4 ,! exclusion ( ext]nal1 atmosph]ic electricity1 :i* has be5 obs]v$ to mat]ially r$uce ! decay+ ( meat1 milk1 butt]1 be]1 etc4 #b4 ,! ret5tion ( occlud$ electric curr5ts4 ,meats f v>i\s animals pack$ into ! same packages1 & surr\nd$ by a conduct+ m$ium1 su* z salt & wat]1 lib]ate electricity4 #c4 ,! removal ( ! n]ve c5t]s4 ,c>casses ) ! bra9s & sp9al cord left !re9 w be f\nd m prone to decomposition ?an ^? :]efrom ^! organs h be5 remov$4 #d4 ,desiccation4 ,dri$ beef is an excell5t example ( ?is me?od ( pres]vation4 ,o!r me?ods com+ "u ?is head+ are ! application ( spices ) e!real oils1 v>i\s h]bs1 cori&] se$ extract$ ) v9eg>1 etc4 #e4 ,r$uction ( temp]ature1 i4 e41 cold /orage4 #f4 ,expulsion ( air f ! meat & ! conta9]s4 ,app]t's1 ,willaumez's1 ,r$wood's1 & ,pr(4 ,a4 ,vogel's me?ods are repres5tative = ?is category ( pres]vation4 ,ph5yl pap]1 ,dr4 ,bus*'s1 ,georges's1 & ,m$lock & ,baily's processes are equally well kn[n4 #g4 ,! application ( gases4 ,"h may be m5tion$ ,dr4 ,gamgee's & ,b]t & ,reynoso's processes1 apply+ c>bon dioxide & o!r compress$ gases1 respectively4 ,air-dry+1 p[d]+ ( meat1 smok+1 pickl+1 sug> or v9eg> cur+ are too well kn[n to receive any fur!r att5tion "h4 ,:atev] process may be employ$1 pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to t :i* w secure ! pr9cipal objects s\ght =1 ! mo/ satisfactory be+ at ! same "t n delet]i\s to heal?1 & ( an easily applicable & inexp5sive nature4 ,to ,pres]ve ,beef1 etc41 9 ,hot ,wea!r4--,put ! meat into a hot ov5 & let x rema9 until ! surface is br[n$ all ov]1 ?us coagulat+ ! album5 ( ! surface & inclos+ ! body ( ! meat 9 an imp]meable envelope ( cook$ fle%4 ,p\r "s melt$ l>d or suet into a j> ( suffici5t size1 & roll ! latt] ar\nd until ! sides are ev5ly coat$ to ! dep? ( half an in* ) ! mat]ial4 ,put 9 ! meat1 tak+ c>e t x does n t\* ! sides ( ! j> 7?us scrap+ away ! envelope ( grease71 & fill up ) m suet or l>d1 be+ c>eful to completely cov] & envelop ! meat4 ,?us prep>$1 ! meat w rema9 absolutely fre% = a long "t1 ev5 9 ! hotte/ wea!r4 ,:5 requir$ = use ! out] portion may be left on or remov$4 ,! same fat may be us$ ov] & ov] aga9 by melt+ & reta9+ 9 ! melt$ /ate a few mom5ts ea* "t1 by :i* means n only all solid portions ( ! meat :i* h be5 reta9$ fall to ! bottom1 b all septic microbes are de/roy$4 ,meat ,pres]vatives4--,i4--,b>m5ite ,corn+ ,ag5t3 ,= e #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 take #be4b p>ts1 by weight1 ( saltpet]2 #df4h p>ts1 by weight1 sodium *loride2 #be4g p>ts1 by weight1 cane sug>2 #j4h p>ts1 by weight1 pla/] ( ,p>is or gypsum2 #j4a "p1 by weight1 ( "s moi/5+ mat]ial1 & a trace ( magnesia4 ,,ii4--,c>ni=m1 ,a3 ,= e #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 take #c4e p>ts1 by weight1 sodium diphosphate2 #c4a p>ts1 by weight1 wat] ( cry/allization2 #fh4d p>ts1 by weight1 sodium *loride2 #bd4i p>ts1 by weight1 saltpet]2 toge!r ) traces ( calcium phosphate1 magnesia1 & sulphuric acid4 ,,iii4--,c>ni=m1 ,b3 ,= e #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 take #bb4f p>ts1 by weight1 sodium diphosphate2 #ag4c p>ts1 by weight1 wat] ( cry/allization2 #ei4g p>ts1 by weight1 saltpet]2 #j4f p>ts1 by weight1 calcium phosphate2 ) traces ( sulphuric acid & magnesia4 ,,iv4--8,c]velatwur/0 7spice p[d]73 ,= #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 take #j4g p>ts1 by weight1 ( moi/5+2 #c4e p>ts1 by weight1 spices--mo/ly pepp]2 #hi p>ts1 by weight1 sodium *loride2 #e p>ts1 by weight1 saltpet]2 #j4g p>ts1 by weight1 gypsum2 & traces ( magnesia4 ,v4--,c]velatwur/ ,salt 7spice p[d]73 ,= #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 take #g4e p>ts1 by weight1 spices--mo/ly pepp]2 #a4f p>ts1 by weight1 moi/5]2 #ha4f p>ts1 by weight1 sodium *loride2 #b4e p>ts1 by weight1 saltpet]2 #f4b p>ts1 by weight1 cane sug>2 & traces ( magnesia4 ,,vi4--,rubrol9 ,sausage 7spice p[d]73 ,= #ajj p>ts by weight1 take #ec4e p>ts1 by weight1 sal ammoniac1 & #de4b p>ts1 by weight1 ( saltpet]4 ,,vii4--,s]vator ,special ,milk & ,butt] ,pres]v+ ,salt3 #hj4c p] c5t ( cry/alliz$ boracic acid2 #aj4g p] c5t #cfa sodium *loride2 & #i4e p] c5t ( b5zoic acid4 7,its use is1 h[ev]1 prohibit$ 9 ,g]many47 ,,viii4--,witt5b]g ,pickl+ ,salt3 ,= #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 take #eh4f p>ts1 by weight1 sodium *loride2 #dj4e p>ts1 by weight1 saltpet]2 #j4e p>ts1 by weight1 gypsum2 traces ( moi/ure & magnesia4 ,,ix4--,securo3 ,= a qu>t take #c4h p>ts1 by weight1 alum9um oxide1 & #h p>ts1 by weight1 acetic acid2 basic acetate ( alum9a1 #fb p>ts1 by weight2 sulphuric acid1 #j4h p>ts1 by weight2 sodium oxide1 ) sub/antially traces ( lime & magnesia4 ,x4--,mi*els ,cassala ,salt3 ,?is is p>tially dis9tegrat$4 #cj4gd p] c5t sodium *loride2 #ae4d p] c5t sodium phosphate2 #bc4c p] c5t potassio-sodic t>trate2 #af4i p] c5t wat] ( cry/allization2 #a4b p] c5t alum9um oxide2 & #b4a p] c5t acetic acid z basic acetate ( alum9a2 #h4d p] c5t sug>2 #j4ih p] c5t b5zoic acid2 #j4e p] c5t sulphuric acid2 & traces ( lime4 ,,xi4--,corn+ ,salt3 ,sodium nitrate1 #ej p>ts2 p[d]$ boracic acid1 #de p>ts2 salicylic acid1 #e p>ts4 ,,xii4--,pres]vative ,salt3 ,potassium nitrate1 #gj p>ts2 sodium bic>bonate1 #ae p>ts2 sodium *loride1 #ae p>ts4 ,,xiii4--,ano!r ,corn+ ,salt3 ,potassium nitrate1 #ej p>ts2 sodium *loride1 #bj p>ts2 p[d]$ boracic acid1 #bj p>ts2 sug>1 #aj p>ts4 ,,xiv4--,macil9e 7(f]$ z condim5t & b9d+ ag5t = sausages73 ,a mixture ( :eat fl\r & potato fl\r dy$ int5sely yell[ ) an azo dye/uff & impregnat$ ) oil ( mace4 ,,xv4--,borax #hj p>ts ,boric acid #ag p>ts ,sodium *loride #c p>ts ,r$uce ! +r$i5ts to a p[d] & mix ?or\ghly4 ,,xvi4--,sodium sulphite1 p[d]$ #hj p>ts ,sodium sulphate1 p[d]$ #bj p>ts ,,xvii4--,sodium *loride #hj p>ts ,borax #h p>ts ,potassium nitrate #ab p>ts ,r$uce to a p[d] & mix4 ,,xviii4--,sodium nitrate #ej p>ts ,salicylic acid #e p>ts ,boric acid #de p>ts ,,xix4--,potassium nitrate #gj p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #ae p>ts ,sodium *loride #ae p>ts ,,xx4--,potassium nitrate #ej p>ts ,sodium *loride #bj p>ts ,boric acid #bj p>ts ,sug> #aj p>ts ,a ,g]man ,me?od ( ,pres]v+ ,meat4--,entire unb[el$ cattle or l>ge1 suitably sev]$ pieces are spr9kl$ ) acetic acid & !n pack$ & transport$ 9 sawdu/ impregnat$ ) cook+ salt & /]iliz$4 ,extract ( ,meat ,conta9+ ,album54--,9 ! ord9>y production ( meat extract1 ! album5 is m or less lo/1 p>tly ?r\gh precipitation by ! acids or ! acid salts ( ! meat extract1 p>tly ?r\gh salt+ out by ! salts ( ! extract1 & p>tly by coagulation at a high] temp]ature4 ,a subsequ5t addition ( album5 is impracticable because ! album5 is likewise precipitat$1 insolubly1 by ! acids & salts conta9$ 9 ! extract4 ,?is precipitation c be prev5t$1 accord+ to a ,fr5* pat5t1 by neutraliz+ ! extract be=e mix+ ) album51 by ! aid ( sodium bic>bonate4 ,! dry+ ( ! mixture is accompli%$ 9 a c>bonic acid atmosph]e4 ,! prep>ation dissolves 9 cold or hot wat] into a :ite1 milky liquid & exhibits ! smell & ta/e ( meat extract1 if ! album5 add$ 0 ta/eless4 ,! ta/e :i* ! extract loses by ! neutralization returns 9 its orig9al /r5g? aft] ! mixture ) album54 ,9 ?is mann] a meat prep>ation is obta9$ :i* conta9s l>g] quantities ( album5 & is m nutriti\s & palatable ?an o!r prep>ations4 ,foot-,p[d]s & ,solutions ,! foll[+ foot-p[d]s h be5 recomm5d$ z du/+ p[d]s3 ,i4--,boric acid #b ounces ,z9c oleate #a ounce ,talcum #c ounces ,,ii4--,oleate ( z9c 7p[d]$7 #a_/b ounce ,boric acid #a ounce ,fr5* *alk #e ounces ,/>* #a #a_/b ounces #cfb ,,iii4--,dri$ alum #a dra*m ,salicylic acid #a_/b dra*m ,:eat />* #d dra*ms ,p[d]$ talc #a #a_/b ounces ,,iv4--,=maldehyde solution #a "p ,?ymol #a_/aj "p ,z9c oxide #ce p>ts ,p[d]$ />* #fe p>ts ,v4--,salicylic acid #g dra*ms ,boric acid #b ounces1 #ddj gra9s ,talcum #ch ounces ,slipp]y elm b>k #a ounce ,orris root #a ounce ,,vi4--,talc #ab ounces ,boric acid #aj ounces ,z9c oleate #a ounce ,salicylic acid #a ounce ,oil ( eucalyptus #b dra*ms ,,vii4--,salicylic acid #g dra*ms ,boric acid #c ounces ,talcum #ch ounces ,slipp]y elm1 p[d]$ #a ounce ,orris1 p[d]$ #a ounce ,salicylat$ ,talcum4-- ,i4--,salicylic acid #a dra*m ,talcum #f ounces ,lycopodium #f dra*ms ,/>* #c ounces ,z9c oxide #a ounce ,p]fume1 quantity suffici5t4 ,,ii4--,tann(orm #a dra*m ,talcum #b dra*ms ,lycopodium #cj gra9s ,use z a du/+ p[d]4 ,solutions = ,p]spir+ ,feet4-- ,i4--,balsam ,p]u #ae m9ims ,=mic acid #a dra*m ,*loral hydrate #a dra*m ,alcohol to make #c ounces4 ,apply by means ( absorb5t cotton4 ,,ii4--,boric acid #ae gra9s ,sodium borate #f dra*ms ,salicylic acid #f dra*ms ,glyc]9e #a #a_/b ounces ,alcohol to make #c ounces4 ,= local application4 ,,footsores ,,on ,,cattle3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,=maldehyde3 ,see also ,dis9fectants1 ,foods1 & ,milk4 ,comm]cial ,=maldehyde4--,?is extremely poison\s pres]vative is obta9$ by pass+ ! vapors ( wood _s1 9 ! pres5ce ( air1 ov] copp] heat$ to r$ness4 ,! ess5tial p>ts ( ! app>atus employ$ are a metal *amb] into :i* a fe$-tube ent]s1 & f :i* #d p>allel copp] tubes or oxidiz]s dis*>ge by a common exit tube4 ,?is *amb] is fitt$ ) inspection ap]tures1 ?r\gh :i* ! c\rse ( ! process may be wat*$ & controll$4 ,! wood _s1 /or$ 9 a res]voir1 falls into a mix] :]e x is volatiliz$ & intimately mix$ ) air f a *amb] :i* is connect$ ) a =ce pump4 ,! gases aft] trav]s+ ! oxidiz] are l$ into a cond5s+ coil1 & ! crude =maldehyde is dis*>g$ into ! receiv] b5ea?4 ,! small am\nt ( uncond5s$ gas is !n l$ ?r\gh a s]ies ( two wa%]s4 ,! 8=mol0 ?us obta9$ is a mixture ( wat]1 me?yl alcohol1 & #cj to #dj p] c5t ( =maldehyde4 ,x is rectifi$ 9 a /ill1 by :i* ! free me?yl alcohol is remov$ & pure =mol obta9$1 conta9+ #dj p] c5t ( =maldehyde1 *iefly 9 ! =m ( ! acetal4 ,rectification mu/ n be pu%$ too f>1 o!rwise ! =maldehyde may become polym]iz$ into trioxme?yl5e4 ,:5 once oxidation />ts1 ! heat g5]at$ is suffici5t to keep ! oxidiz]s r$ hot1 s t ! process works practically automatically4 ,det]m9ation ( ! ,pres5ce ( ,=maldehyde 9 ,solutions4--,lemme makes use1 = ?is purpose1 ( ! fact t =maldehyde1 9 neutral solutions ( sodium sulphite1 =ms normal bisulphite salts1 sett+ free a correspond+ quantity ( sodium hydrate1 t may be titrat$ ) sulphuric acid & ph5olph?ale94 ,! sodium sulphite solution has an alkal9e reaction t[>d ph5olph?ale91 & mu/ be exactly neutraliz$ ) sodium bisulphite4 ,!n to #ajj cubic c5timet]s ( ?is solution ( #bej grams ( sodium sulphite 7,na#b,,s#c #g ,h#b,o7 9 #gej grams wat]1 add #e cubic c5timet]s ( ! suspect$ =maldehyde solution4 ,a /rong r$ color is in/antly produc$4 ,titrate ) normal sulphuric acid until ! color disappe>s4 ,z ! exact disappe>ance ( ! color is n easily det]m9$1 a m>g9 ( f #j4a to #j4b cubic c5timet]s may be all[$ )\t ! exactness ( ! reaction be+ injur$1 s9ce #a cubic c5timet] ( normal acid answ]s to only #j4jc grams ( =maldehyde4 ,,=mal9 ,,= ,,gra9 ,,smut3 ,see ,gra94 #cfc ,,frames3 ,,_! ,,protection ,,f ,,flies4 ,s9ce !re is great risk ( damag+ ! gilt :5 try+ to remove flyspecks ) spirits ( w9e1 x has be5 f\nd s]viceable to cov] gild+ ) a copal v>ni%4 ,?is h>d5s & w /& r\gh treatm5t1 & may be r5ew$ :]ev] remov$4 ,,frame ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,frame ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,fram+1 ,,passe-,,p>t\t3 ,see ,passe-,p>t\t4 ,,freckle ,,lotions3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,freez+ ,,mixtures3 ,see also ,refrig]ation & ,refrig]ants4 ,freez+ ,prev5tives ,liquid = ,cool+ ,automobile ,eng9es4--,9 ord] to prev5t freez+ ( ! jacket wat]1 :5 ! eng9e is n 9 op]ation 9 cold wea!r1 solutions are us$1 notably ( glyc]9e & ( calcium *loride 7,ca,cl#b74 ,! proportions = ! =m] solution are equal p>ts ( wat] & glyc]9e1 by weight2 = ! latt]1 approximately #a_/b gallon ( wat] to #h p\nds ( ,ca,cl#b1 or a saturat$ solution at #fj ,f4 ,?is solution 7,ca,cl#b #f ,h#b,o7 is !n mix$ ) equal p>ts ( wat]1 gallon = gallon4 ,_m p]sons compla9 t ,ca,cl#b corrodes ! metal p>ts1 b ?is w>n+ ne$ d no m ?an urge ! automobili/ to use only ! *emically pure salt1 c>efully avoid+ ! 8*loride ( lime0 7,ca,o,cl#b74 ,a practical manufactur+ *emi/ ( wide exp]i5ce gives ?is3 ,a saturat$ solution ( common salt is "o ( ! be/ ?+s to use4 ,x does n affect ! metal ( ! eng9e1 z _m o!r salts w\ld1 & is easily r5ew$4 ,x w rema9 fluid d[n to #j ,f41 or a little bel[4 ,equal p>ts ( glyc]9e & wat] is also good1 & has ! advantage t x w n cry/allize 9 ! *amb]s1 or evaporate readily4 ,x is ! mo/ conv5i5t solution to use on ?is acc\nt1 & may repay ! increas$ co/ ov] br9e1 9 ! com=t ( its use4 ,x ne$s only ! occasional addition ( a little wat] to make x la/ all w9t] & leave ! ma*9]y clean :5 x is drawn (f4 ,) br9e an incru/ation ( salt z ! wat] evaporates is b\nd to occur :i* r$uces ! effici5cy ( ! solution until x is remov$4 ,wat] frequ5tly mu/ be add$ to keep ! orig9al volume1 & to hold ! salt 9 solution4 ,a solution ( calcium *loride is less tr\blesome s f> z cry/alliz+ is conc]n$1 b is said to h a t5d5cy to corrode ! metals4 ,anti-,freez+ ,solution = ,automobili/s4--,mix & filt] #d #a_/b p\nds pure calcium *loride & a gallon ( w>m wat] & put ! solution 9 ! radiator or tank4 ,replace evaporation ) clean wat]1 & leakage ) solution4 ,pure calcium *loride retails at ab\t #h c5ts p] p\nd1 or c be procur$ f any :olesale drug /ore at #e c5ts4 ,anti-,freez+1 ,non-,corrosive ,solution4--,a solution = wat]-jackets on gas eng9es t w n freeze at any temp]ature above #bj bel[ z]o 7,f47 may be made by comb9+ #ajj p>ts ( wat]1 by weight1 ) #ge p>ts ( c>bonate pota% & #ej p>ts ( glyc]9e4 ,?is solution is non-corrosive & w rema9 p]fectly liquid at all temp]atures above its congeal+ po9t4 ,anti-,fro/ ,solution4--,z an excell5t rem$y aga9/ ! freez+ ( %op w9d[s1 apply a mixture consi/+ ( #ee p>ts ( glyc]9e dissolv$ 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( #fb p] c5t alcohol1 conta9+1 to improve ! odor1 "s oil ( amb]4 ,z soon z ! mixture cl>ifies1 x is rubb$ ov] ! inn] surface ( ! glass4 ,?is treatm5t1 x is claim$1 n only prev5ts ! =mation ( fro/1 b also /ops sweat+4 ,protection ( ,acetyl5e ,app>atus f ,fro/4--,alcohol1 glyc]9e1 & calcium *loride h be5 recomm5d$ = ! protection ( acetyl5e g5]ators f fro/4 ,! employm5t ( calcium *loride1 :i* mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) *loride ( lime1 appe>s pref]able 9 all po9ts ( view4 ,a solution ( #bj p>ts ( calcium *loride 9 #hj p>ts ( wat] congeals only at #e ,f4 above z]o4 ,b z ?is temp]ature does n g5]ally p5etrate ! g5]ators1 x w answ] to use #aj or #ae p>ts ( ! *loride = #ajj p>ts ( wat]1 :i* w almo/ always be suffici5t to avoid congelation4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to use sea salt or o!r alkal9e or metallic salts1 :i* det]iorate ! metal ( ! app>atus4 ,,fro/ ,,bite4 ,:5 ! sk9 is z yet unbrok51 ,hugo ,kuhl advises ! foll[+3 #cfd ,i4--,c>boliz$ wat] #d dra*ms ,nitric acid #a drop ,oil ( g]anium #a drop ,mix4 ,p5cil ov] ! sk9 & !n hold ! p5cil$ place ne> ! fire until ! sk9 is q dry4 ,if ! sk9 is already brok51 use ! foll[+ o9tm5t3 ,,ii4--,hebra's o9tm5t #ejj p>ts ,glyc]9e #ajj p>ts ,liquefi$ c>bolic acid #ae p>ts ,mix4 ,apply to ! brok5 sk9 occasionally4 ,,iii4--,camphor #be p>ts ,iod9e1 pure #ej p>ts ,olive oil #ejj p>ts ,p>aff9e1 solid #dej p>ts ,alcohol1 en\gh4 ,dissolve ! camphor 9 ! oil & ! iod9e 9 ! lea/ possible am\nt ( alcohol4 ,melt ! p>aff9e & add ! mix$ solutions4 ,:5 homog5e\s p\r into suitable molds4 ,wrap ! p5cils 9 p>aff9e pap] or t9 foil1 & pack 9 wood5 boxes4 ,by us+ m or less olive oil ! p5cils may be made ( any desir$ consi/5cy4 ,,iv4--,dissolve #e p>ts ( camphor 9 a mixture consi/+ ( #e p>ts ( e!r & #e p>ts ( alcohol2 !n add collodion suffici5t to make #ajj p>ts4 ,v4--,dissolve #a "p ( ?ymol 9 #e p>ts ( a mixture ( e!r & alcohol1 !n add collodion suffici5t to make #ajj p>ts4 ,,vi4--,c>bolic acid #b p>ts ,lead o9tm5t #dj p>ts ,lanol9 #dj p>ts ,olive oil #bj p>ts ,lav5d] oil #a #a_/b p>ts ,,vii4--,tannic acid #ae p>ts ,lycopodium #ae p>ts ,l>d #cj p>ts ,,viii4--,z9c oxide #ae p>ts ,glyc]9e #de p>ts ,lanol9 #dj p>ts ,,ix4--,i*?yol #aj p>ts ,resorc9 #aj p>ts ,tannic acid #aj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ej p>ts ,any ( ^! is to be appli$ ab\t twice a day4 ,,fro/$ ,,glass3 ,see ,glass4 ,,fro/ ,,prev5tive3 ,see ,freez+ ,prev5tives4 ,,fro/ ,,remov]s3 ,see ,glass4 ,,fruit ,,ess5ces ,,& ,,extracts3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,fruit ,pres]v+ 7,see also ,ess5ces1 ,extracts1 & ,pres]ves47 ,h[ to ,keep ,fruit4--,accord+ to exp]im5ts ( ,max de ,nans\ty1 fruit c>efully wrapp$ 9 silk pap] & !n buri$ 9 dry s& w pres]ve a fre% appe>ance ) a fre% odor or flavor1 almo/ indef9itely4 ,x may also be pres]v$ 9 dry excelsior1 b n ne>ly s well4 ,9 /ubble or /raw fruit rots v quickly1 :ile 9 %av+s x mildews quickly4 ,9 %ort1 :eat-/raw fruit (t5 takes on a mu/y ta/e & odor1 ev5 :5 p]fectly dry4 ,f9ally1 :5 plac$ on wood5 tablets & expos$ to ! air1 mo/ fruit decays rapidly4 ,i4--,cru%$ ,/rawb]ry4--,put up by ! foll[+ process1 ! fruit reta9s its natural color & ta/e1 & may be expos$ to ! air = mon?s1 )\t f]m5t+3 ,take fre%1 ripe b]ries1 /em !m1 & rub ?r\gh a ,no4 #h sieve1 reject+ all s(t & gre5 fruit4 ,add to ea* gallon ( pulp ?us obta9$1 #h p\nds ( granulat$ sug>4 ,put on ! fire & br+ j to a boil1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,j be=e remov+ f ! fire1 add to ea* gallon #a ounce ( a saturat$ alcoholic solution ( salicylic acid1 /irr+ well4 ,remove ! scum1 &1 :ile /ill hot1 put into j>s1 & h]metically seal4 ,put ! j>s 9 cold wat]1 & raise !m to ! boil+ po9t1 to prev5t !m f bur/+ by sudd5 expansion on p\r+ hot fruit into !m4 ,fill ! j>s entirely full1 s z to leave no air space :5 fruit cools & contracts4 ,,ii4--,cru%$ ,raspb]ry4--,prep>e 9 ! same mann] z = cru%$ /rawb]ry1 us+ #a_/b r$ raspb]ries & #a_/b black1 to give a nice color1 & us+ #g p\nds ( sug> to ea* gallon ( pulp4 ,,iii4--,cru%$ ,p9eapple4--,secure a good br& ( cann$ grat$ p9eapple1 & dra9 (f ab\t "o-half ( ! liquor1 by plac+ on a /ra9]4 ,add to ea* p\nd ( p9eapple #a p\nd ( granulat$ sug>4 ,place on ! fire1 & br+ to boil+ po9t1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,j be=e remov+ f ! fire1 add to ea* gallon ( pulp #a ounce saturat$ alcoholic solution ( salicylic acid4 #cfe ,put into air-tight j>s until want$ = use4 ,,iv4--,cru%$ ,pea*4--,take a good br& ( cann$ yell[ pea*es1 dra9 (f liquor1 & rub ?r\gh a ,no4 #h sieve4 ,add sug>1 br+ to ! boil+ po9t1 & :5 ready to remove f fire add to ea* gallon #a ounce saturat$ alcoholic solution ( salicylic acid4 ,put into j>s & seal h]metically4 ,v4--,cru%$ ,apricot4--,prep>$ 9 simil> mann] to cru%$ pea*1 us+ cann$ apricots4 ,,vi4--,cru%$ ,orange4--,secure oranges ) a ?9 peel1 & conta9+ pl5ty ( juice4 ,remove ! out]1 or yell[ peel1 fir/1 tak+ c>e n to include any ( ! bitt] peel4 7,! out] peel may be us$ 9 mak+ orange phosphate1 or t9cture ( sweet orange peel47 ,next remove ! inn]1 bitt] peel1 qu>t]1 & remove ! se$s4 ,extract "p ( ! juice1 & gr9d ! pulp ?r\gh an ord9>y meat gr9d]4 ,add sug>1 place on ! fire1 & br+ to ! boil+ po9t4 ,:5 ready to remove1 add to ea* gallon #a ounce ( saturat$ alcoholic solution ( salicylic acid & #a ounce ( glyc]9e4 ,put into air-tight j>s4 ,,vii4--,cru%$ ,*]ries4--,/one ! *]ries & gr9d !m to a pulp4 ,add sug>1 & place on ! fire1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,be=e remov+1 add to ea* gallon #a ounce ( ! saturat$ solution ( salicylic acid4 ,put into j>s & seal4 ,,viii4--,fre% ,cru%$ ,fruits 9 ,season4--,9 _! v>i\s seasons b]ries & fruits may be prep>$ 9 fre% lots = ! soda f\nta9 ea* morn+1 by r$uc+ ! fruit to a pulp1 & mix+ ?is pulp ) an equal quantity ( heavy simple syrup4 ,b]ries %\ld be rubb$ ?r\gh a sieve4 ,9 select+ b]ries1 x is bett] to use ! m$ium-siz$ b]ries = ! pulp1 res]v+ ! extra l>ge specim5s = g>ni%+ & decorative effects4 ,ma% ! b]ries ) a wood5 ma%]1 nev] us+ iron or copp] ut5sils1 :i* may discolor ! fruit4 ,p9eapple may be prep>$ by remov+ ! r\gh out] sk9 & grat+ ! pulp ^u an ord9>y t9 kit*5 grat]4 ,! grat] %\ld be scrupul\sly clean1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 n to grate (f any ( ! co>se1 fibr\s matt] compris+ ! fruit's core4 ,all cru%$ fruits are s]v$ z foll[s3 ,mix equal quantities ( pulp & simple syrup 9 ! c\nt] b[l2 use #a #a_/b to #b ounces to ea* glass1 add+ ! usual quantity ( cream1 or ice cream4 ,draw soda1 us+ a f9e /ream freely4 ,,ix4--,glacs4--,cru%$ fruits1 s]v$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 make a delici\s & refre%+ dr9k3 ,cru%$ fruit #ab dra*ms ,juice ( half a lemon4 ,%av$ ice4 ,put ! ice into a small glass1 add ! fruit & lemon juice1 /ir well1 & s]ve ) a spoon & /raws4 ,,fruit ,,products1 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,fruit ,,syrups3 ,see ,syrups4 ,,fruit ,,v9eg>3 ,see ,v9eg>4 ,fumigants 7,see also ,dis9fectants47 ,fumigat+ ,c&les4--,i4--,lime wood *>coal1 #f1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 saturat$ ) wat] 7conta9+ saltpet]1 #aej p>ts1 by weight1 9 solution71 & dri$ aga91 is mix$ ) b5zo91 #gej p>ts1 by weight2 /yrax1 #gjj p>ts1 by weight2 ma/ic1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight2 casc>illa1 #dej p>ts1 by weight2 ,p]uvian balsam1 #dj p>ts1 by weight2 ,mit*am oil1 lav5d] oil1 lemon oil1 & b]gamot oil1 #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ea*2 & n]oli oil1 #c p>ts1 by weight4 ,,ii4--,*>coal1 #g1ejj p>ts1 by weight2 saltpet]1 #aej p>ts1 by weight2 ,tolu balsam1 #ejj p>ts1 by weight2 musk1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 rose oil1 #a "p4 ,! mixtures are cru%$ ) ?ick tragacan? to a solid mass4 ,,iii4--,s&al wood1 #dh p>ts1 by weight2 clove1 #f p>ts1 by weight2 b5zo91 #f p>ts1 by weight2 licorice juice1 #d p>ts1 by weight2 pota% saltpet]1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 casc>illa b>k1 #a4e p>ts1 by weight2 c9namon b>k1 #a4e p>ts1 by weight2 musk1 #j4je p>ts1 by weight4 ,all ^! sub/ances are p[d]$ & mix$1 :]eupon ! foll[+ are add$3 ,/yrax 7liquid71 #e p>ts1 by weight2 c9namon oil1 #j4je p>ts1 by weight2 clove oil1 #j4je p>ts1 by weight2 g]anium oil1 #j4e p>ts1 by weight2 lav5d] oil1 #j4b p>ts1 by weight2 ,p]uvian balsam1 #j4b p>ts1 by weight4 ,! solid +r$i5ts are ea* p[d]$ sep>ately1 !n plac$ 9 ! respective proportion 9 a #cff spaci\s porcela9 di% & intimately mix$ by means ( a flat spatula4 ,! di% mu/ be cov]$ up ) a clo? 9 ?is op]ation4 ,aft] ! mixture has be5 accompli%$1 add ! ess5tial oils & j en\gh solution ( gum arabic s t by subsequ5t knead+ ) ! pe/le a moldable d\gh results :i* possesses suffici5t solidity aft] dry+4 ,! mass is press$ into metallic molds 9 ! %ape ( cones n m ?an #c_/d ( an in* 9 height4 ,,iv4--,r$ ,fumigat+ ,c&les4--,s&al wood1 #a "p2 gum b5zo91 #a4e p>ts2 ,tolu balsam1 #j4bej p>ts2 s&al oil1 4#jbe p>ts2 cassia oil1 4#jbe p>ts2 clove oil1 #be p>ts2 saltpet]1 4#jij p>ts4 ,! p[d] is mix$ intimately1 saturat$ ) _s ( w9e1 9 :i* ! oils are dissolv$1 & %ap$ into cones4 ,v4--,w9t]gre5 oil #a "p ,tragacan? #bj p>ts ,saltpet] #ej p>ts ,ph5ol1 cry/alliz$ #ajj p>ts ,*>coal1 p[d]$ #hcj p>ts ,wat]4 ,dissolve ! saltpet] 9 ! wat]1 /ir ! solution toge!r ) ! p[d]$ *>coal & dry4 ,!n add ! tragacan? p[d]1 also ! w9t]gre5 oil & ! ph5ol1 & prep>e f ! mixture1 by means ( a tragacan? solution conta9+ #b p] c5t ( saltpet]1 a mass :i* c be %ap$ into c&les4 ,fumigat+ ,p]fumes4--,^! are us$ = quickly putt+ d[n bad odors 9 ! sick room1 etc4 ,!y are decid$ly antiseptic1 & fulfil _! purpose admirably4 ,i4--,select good :ite blott+ pap]1 & cut ea* l>ge %eet l5g?wise into #c equal pieces4 ,make a solution ( #a ounce ( potassium nitrate 9 #ab ounces ( boil+ wat]2 place ?is solution 9 a l>ge plate1 & draw ea* /rip ( pap] ov] ! solution s z to saturate x4 ,!n dry by hang+ up4 ,! dri$ pap] is to be saturat$ 9 a simil> mann] ) ei!r ( ! foll[+ solutions3 7#a7 ,siam b5zo9 #a ounce ,/orax #c dra*ms ,olibanum #b scruples ,ma/ic #b scruples ,casc>illa #b dra*ms ,vanilla #a dra*m ,rectifi$ _s #h ounces ,bruise ! solids & mac]ate 9 ! _s #e days1 filt]1 & add ,oil ( c9namon #h p>ts ,oil ( cloves #h p>ts ,oil ( b]gamot #e p>ts ,oil ( n]oli #e p>ts ,mix4 7#b7 ,b5zo9 #a #a_/b ounces ,s&al wood #a ounce ,_s #h ounces ,mac]ate z ,no4 #a1 & add ,ess5ce ( vetiv] #c ounces ,oil ( lemon grass #dj drops ,mix4 ,aft] ! pap] is dry1 cut up into suitable siz$ pieces to g into comm]cial envelopes4 ,,ii4--,b5zo9 #a av4 ounce ,/orax #a av4 ounce ,fumigat+ ess5ce #b fluid\nces ,e!r #a fluid\nce ,acetic acid1 glacial #bj drops ,alcohol #b fluid\nces ,dissolve ! b5zo9 & /orax 9 a mixture ( ! alcohol & e!r1 filt] & add ! fumigat+ & ! acetic acid4 ,spread ! mixture ^u filt]+ or bibul\s pap] & all[ x to dry4 ,to prev5t /ick+1 du/ ! surface ) talcum & pres]ve 9 wax pap]4 ,:5 us$ ! pap] is simply w>m$1 or held ov] a lamp4 ,,iii4--,musk #j4b p>ts ,oil ( rose #a "p ,b5zo9 #ajj p>ts ,myrrh #ab p>ts ,orris root #bej p>ts ,alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 #ejj p>ts ,,iv4--,b5zo9 #hj p>ts ,balsam ,tolu #bj p>ts ,/orax #bj p>ts ,s&al wood #bj p>ts ,myrrh #aj p>ts ,casc>illa b>k #bj p>ts ,musk #j4b p>ts ,alcohol #bej p>ts ,fumigat+ ,ribbon4--,i4--,take #a_/b-;in* cotton tape & saturate x ) nit]2 :5 dry1 saturate ) ! foll[+ t9cture3 ,b5zo9 #a ounce ,orris root #a ounce ,myrrh #b dra*ms ,tolu balsam #b dra*ms ,musk #aj gra9s ,rectifi$ _s #aj ounces ,mac]ate = a week1 filt]1 & add #aj m9ims ( att> ( rose4 ,,ii4--,ano!r good =mula :i* may also be us$ = fumigat+ pap]1 is3 #cfg ,olibanum #b ounces ,/orax #a ounce ,b5zo9 #f dra*ms ,p]uvian balsam #a_/b ounce ,tolu balsam #c dra*ms ,rectifi$ _s #aj ounces ,mac]ate #aj days1 & filt]4 ,p]fum$ ,fumigat+ ,pa/illes4-- ,i4--,vegetable *>coal #f ounces ,b5zo9 #a ounce ,nitrate ( pota% #a_/b ounce ,tolu balsam #b dra*ms ,s&al wood #b dra*ms ,mucilage ( tragacan?1 a suffici5cy4 ,r$uce ! solids to f9e p[d]1 mix1 & make into a /iff pa/e ) ! mucilage4 ,divide ?is into cones #be gra9s 9 weight1 & dry ) a g5tle heat4 ,,ii4--,p[d]$ will[ *>coal #h ounces ,b5zoic acid #f ounces ,nitrate ( pota% #f dra*ms ,oil ( ?yme #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( s&al wood #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( c>away #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( cloves #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( lav5d] #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( rose #a_/b dra*m ,rose wat] #aj ounces ,proce$ z 9 ,i1 b ?is recipe is bett] = ! addition ( #bj gra9s ( p[d]$ tragacan?4 ,,iii4--,b5zo9 #aj av4 ounces ,*>coal #bd av4 ounces ,potassium nitrate #a av4 ounce ,sassafras #b av4 ounces ,mucilage ( acacia1 suffici5t4 ,mix ! fir/ f\r 9 f9e p[d]1 add ! mucilage1 =m a mass1 & make into conical pa/illes4 ,,iv4--,potassium nitrate #cge gra9s ,wat] #be fluid\nces ,*>coal wood1 p[d] #cj av4 ounces ,tragacan?1 p[d] #cge gra9s ,/orax #cjj gra9s ,b5zo9 #cjj gra9s ,vanill9 #h gra9s ,c\m>9 #c gra9s ,musk #c gra9s ,civet #a #a_/b gra9s ,oil ( rose #bj drops ,oil ( b]gamot #ae drops ,oil ( ylang-ylang #aj drops ,oil ( rhodium #aj drops ,oil ( s&al wood #e drops ,oil ( c9namon #e drops ,oil ( orris #a drop ,oil ( casc>illa #a drop ,saturate ! *>coal ) ! potassium nitrate dissolv$ 9 ! wat]1 dry ! mass1 p[d]1 add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 & mix ?or\ghly4 ,beat ! mixture to a pla/ic mass ) ! addition ( suffici5t mucilage ( tragacan? conta9+ #b p] c5t ( saltpet] 9 solution1 & =m into cone-%ap$ pa/illes4 ,9 ord] to ev5ly di/ribute ! /orax ?r\gh\t ! mass1 x may be previ\sly dissolv$ 9 a small am\nt ( acetic e!r4 ,v4--,b5zo9 #b av4 ounces ,casc>illa #a av4 ounce ,myrrh #a av4 ounce ,potassium nitrate #a_/b av4 ounce ,potassium *lorate #fj gra9s ,*>coal1 wood #d av4 ounces ,oil ( cloves #a fluidra*m ,oil ( c9namon #a fluidra*m ,oil ( lav5d] #a fluidra*m ,mucilage ( tragacan?1 suffici5t4 ,mix ! fir/ six +r$i5ts previ\sly r$uc$ to f9e p[d]1 add ! oils1 & !n incorporate en\gh mucilage to =m a mass4 ,divide ?is into pa/illes weigh+ ab\t #fj gra9s & dry4 ,,vi4--,*>coal1 p[d] #cj av4 ounces ,potassium nitrate #a_/b av4 ounce ,wat] #cc fluid\nces ,tragacan?1 p[d] #cjj gra9s ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #a #a_/b fluid\nces ,p]u balsam #cjj gra9s ,/orax1 crude #cjj gra9s ,tolu balsam #cjj gra9s ,oleo-balsamic mixture #b #a_/b fluidra*ms ,c\m>9 #h gra9s ,saturate ! *>coal ) ! potassium nitrate dissolv$ 9 ! wat]1 !n dry1 r$uce to p[d]1 & incorporate ! tragacan? & !n ! rema9+ +r$i5ts4 ,=m a mass by ! addition ( suffici5t mucilage ( tragacan? conta9+ #b p] c5t ( potassium nitrate 9 solution & divide into pa/illes4 ,,vii4--,p[d]$ nitrate ( potassium #a_/b ounce ,p[d]$ gum arabic #a_/b ounce ,p[d]$ casc>illa b>k 7fre%7 #a_/b ounce ,p[d]$ b5zo9 7fre%7 #d ounces #cfh ,p[d]$ *>coal #g ounces ,oil ( eucalyptus #be drops ,oil ( cloves #be drops ,wat]1 a suffici5cy4 ,make a smoo? pa/e1 press into molds & dry4 ,,furs3 ,to ,clean ,furs4--,= d>k furs1 w>m a quantity ( new bran 9 a pan1 tak+ c>e t x does n burn1 to prev5t :i* x mu/ be briskly /irr$4 ,:5 well w>m$ rub x ?or\ghly into ! fur ) ! h&4 ,repeat ?is #b or #c times1 !n %ake ! fur1 & give x ano!r %>p rubb+ until free f du/4 ,= :ite furs3 ,lay !m on a table1 & rub well ) bran made moi/ ) w>m wat]2 rub until q dry1 & aft]w>ds ) dry bran4 ,! wet bran %\ld be put on ) flannel1 !n dry ) book musl94 ,light furs1 9 addition to ! above1 %\ld be well rubb$ ) magnesia or a piece ( book musl91 aft] ! bran process1 aga9/ ! way ( ! fur4 ,to ,pres]ve ,furs4--,i4--,furs may be pres]v$ f mo?s & o!r insects by plac+ a little colocyn? pulp 7bitt] apple71 or spice 7cloves1 pim5to1 etc471 wrapp$ 9 musl91 among !m2 or !y may be wa%$ 9 a v weak solution ( corrosive sublimate 9 w>m wat] 7#aj to #ae gra9s to ! p9t71 & aft]w>ds c>efully dri$4 ,z well z e o!r species ( clo?+1 !y %\ld be kept 9 a clean1 dry place1 f :i* !y %\ld be tak5 out occasionally1 well beat51 expos$ to ! air1 & return$4 ,,ii4--,spr9kle ! furs or wool5 /uffs1 z well z ! draw]s or boxes 9 :i* !y are kept1 ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 ! unpleasant sc5t ( :i* w spe$ily evaporate on exposure ( ! /uffs to ! air4 ,"s p]sons place %eets ( pap] moi/5$ ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 ov]1 "u1 or betwe5 pieces ( clo?1 etc41 & f9d x a v effectual me?od4 ,_m wool5 drap]s put bits ( camphor1 ! size ( a nutmeg1 9 pap]s1 on diff]5t p>ts ( ! %elves 9 _! %ops1 & z !y bru% _! clo?s e #b1 #c1 or #d mon?s1 ?is keeps !m free f mo?s2 & ?is %\ld be done 9 boxes :]e ! furs1 etc41 are put4 ,a tall[ c&le is frequ5tly put )9 ea* muff :5 laid by4 ,snuff or pepp] is also good4 ,,furnace ,,jacket4 ,a piece ( asbe/os millbo>d--#aj in*es by #d in*es by #c_/h in*--is p]=at$ 9 ab\t a doz5 or m places ) glyc]9$ cork bor]s1 !n nick$ ab\t an in* f ea* %ort end & imm]s$ 9 wat] until saturat$2 next ! bo>d is b5t f ! nicks at "r angles & ! p]=at$ portion %ap$ by b5d+ x ov] a bottle ) z little =ce z possible4 ,! result %\ld be a p]=at$ ar*$ tunnel1 re/+ on n>r[ horizontal l$ges at ea* side4 ,dry ?is cov] 9 ! furnace1 aft] sett+ x 9 position1 & press+ x well to ! supports4 ,?ree su* cov]s1 weigh+ #a p\nd1 replac$ #bd fire clay tiles1 weigh+ #ac p\nds1 & a high] temp]ature 0 obta9$ ?an ) ! latt]4 ,,furniture ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,furniture1 ,,its ,,decoration3 ,see ,wood4 ,,furniture ,,enamel3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,furniture ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,furniture ,,wax3 ,see ,waxes4 ,,fuses3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,fuses ,,= ,,electrical ,,circuits3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,funnels1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,galvaniz$ ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]1 ,metallic4 ,,gamboge ,,/a93 ,see ,lacqu]s4 ,,gapes ,,9 ,,p\ltry3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,g>anc9e ,,process3 ,see ,dyes4 ,,g>d5s1 ,,*emical3 ,see also ,sponges4 ,i4--,put "s s& into a fi%-globe or o!r suitable glass vessel to ! dep? ( #b or #c in*es2 9 ?is place a few pieces ( sulphate ( copp]1 alum9um1 & iron2 p\r ov] ! :ole a solution ( sodium silicate 7wat] glass71 #a "p1 & wat]1 #c p>ts1 c>e be+ tak5 n to dis>range ! *emicals4 ,let ?is /& a week or s1 :5 a d5se gr[? ( ! silicates ( ! v>i\s bases us$ w be se5 9 v>i\s colors4 ,n[ displace #cfi ! solution ( ! sodium silicate ) cle> wat]1 by convey+ a /ream ( wat] ?r\gh a v small rubb] tube into ! vessel4 ,! wat] w gradually displace ! sodium silicate solution4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to dis>range or break d[n ! gr[? ) ! /ream ( wat]4 ,a little exp]im5t+1 exp]i5ce & exp]tness w enable ! op]ator to produce a v pretty g>d54 ,,ii4--,?is is a p]man5t *emical g>d51 :i* may be susp5d$ by brass *a9s ) a lamp beh9d4 ,prep>e a small beak] or j> full ( cold saturat$ solution ( ,glaub]'s salt1 & into ! solution susp5d by means ( ?reads a kidney bean & a non-por\s body1 su* z a m>ble1 /one1 glass1 etc4 ,cov] ! j>1 & 9 a %ort "t !re w be se5 radiat+ f ! bean small cry/als ( sulphate ( sodium :i* w increase & give ! bean ! aspect ( a sea ur*91 :ile ! non-por\s body rema9s unt\*$4 ,! bean appe>s to h a special p>tiality = ! cry/als1 :i* is due to ! absorption ( wat] by ! bean1 b n ( ! salt4 ,9 ?is way a sup]saturat$ solution is =m$ 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ! bean1 & ! cry/als1 9 =m+1 atta* !mselves to its surface4 ,,iii4--,a popul> =m ( ornam5tal cry/allization is t obta9$ by imm]s+ a z9c rod 9 a solution ( a lead salt1 ?us obta9+ ! 8lead tree40 ,to prep>e ?is1 dissolve lead acetate 9 wat]1 add a few drops ( nitric acid1 & !n susp5d ! z9c rod 9 ! solution4 ,! lead is precipitat$ 9 l>ge & beautiful plates until ! solution is exhau/$ or ! z9c dissolv$4 ,9 ?is case ! action is electro-*emical1 ! fir/ portions ( ! lead precipitat$ =m+ ) ! z9c a voltaic arrangem5t ( suffici5t p[] to decompose ! salt4 ,x is said t by sub/itut+ *loride ( t9 = ! lead salt a 8t9 tree0 may be produc$1 :ile nitrate ( silv] "u ! same conditions w\ld produce a 8silv] tree40 ,9 ! latt] case di/ill$ wat] %\ld be us$ to prev5t precipitation ( ! silv] by possible impurities conta9$ 9 ord9>y wat]4 ,,gas ,,fixtures3 ,see ,brass4 ,,gas ,,fixtures1 ,,bronz+ ,,(3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,gas ,,sold]+3 ,see ,sold]+4 ,,gas-,,/oves1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,gas ,,trick3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,ge> ,,lubricant3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,gelat93 ,fr5* ,gelat94--,gelat9 is d]iv$ f two s\rces1 ! p>+s ( sk9s1 hides1 etc41 & f bones4 ,! latt] are submitt$ to ! action ( dilute hydro*loric acid = sev]al days1 :i* attacks ! inorganic matt]s--c>bonates1 phosphates1 etc41 & leaves ! osse91 :i* is1 s to say1 an isom] ( ! sk9 sub/ance4 ,! sk91 p>+s ( hide1 etc41 ga!r$ f ! %ambles1 but*] %ops1 etc41 are br\ght into ! factory1 & if n ready = imm$iate use are ?r[n into quicklime1 :i* pres]ves !m = ! "t be+4 ,f ! lime1 aft] wa%+1 !y pass into dilute acid1 :i* removes ! la/ traces ( lime1 & are n[ ready = ! treatm5t t is to furni% ! pure gelat94 ,! osse9 f bones goes ?r\gh ! same /ages ( treatm5t1 into lime1 wa%$ & laid 9 dilute acid aga94 ,f ! acid ba? ! mat]ial goes into ba?s ( wat] ma9ta9$ at a temp]ature n high] ?an f #age to #aie ,f4 ,! gelat9 manufactur] buys f ! button-mak]s & manufactur]s ( knife h&les & bone articles g5]ally1 ^? p>ts ( ! bone t !y _c use1 "s ( :i* are pieces #h in*es long by a half in* ?ick4 ,bones ga!r$ by ! ragpick]s furni% ! /ronge/ glue4 ,! p>+s ( sk91 hide1 etc41 are f ^? portions ( bullock hides1 calf sk9s1 etc41 t _c be made use ( by ! tann]1 ! heads1 legs1 etc4 ,! gelat9 made by ,coignet = ! ,ph>macie ,c5trale de ,france is made f sk9s procur$ f ! taw]s ( ,p>is1 :o get x directly f ! abattoirs1 :i* is z mu* z to say t ! mat]ial is gu>ante$ fre% & heal?y1 s9ce ^! in/itutions are "u rigid inspection & surveillance ( gov]nm5t inspectors & m$ical m54 ,!re is a gelat9 or glue1 us$ exclusively = jo9]s1 inside c>p5t]s1 & ceil+ mak]s 7plafonneurs71 call$ rabbit v]micelli1 & d]iv$ f rabbit sk9s4 ,z ! fir/ treatm5t ( ^! sk9s is to saturate !m ) m]cury bi*loride1 x is ne$less to say ! product is n employ$ 9 ph>macy4 #cgj ,to ,cl>ify ,solutions ( ,gelat91 ,glues1 etc4--,if #a p] c5t ( ammonium fluoride be add$ to turbid solutions ( gelat9 or common glue1 or1 9 fact1 ( any gums1 x quickly cl>ifies !m4 ,x causes a deposition ( ligne\s matt]1 & also v mat]ially increases ! adhesive p[] ( su* solutions4 ,air ,bubbles 9 ,gelat94--,! pres5ce ( m9ute air bubbles 9 cakes ( comm]cial gelat9 (t5 imp>ts to !m an unpleasant cl\dy appe>ance4 ,^! m9ute air bubbles are ! result ( ! rapid1 cont9u\s process ( dry+ ! %eets ( gelat9 by a c\nt]-curr5t ( hot air4 ,ow+ to ! rapid dry+ a h>d sk9 is =m$ on ! outside ( ! cake1 leav+ a c5tral lay] f :i* ! moi/ure escapes only ) difficulty1 & 9 :i* ! air bubbles rema9 beh9d4 ,s9ce ! be/ qualities ( gelat9 dry mo/ rapidly1 ! pres5ce ( ^! m9ute bubbles is1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 an indication ( sup]iority1 & !y r>ely occur 9 ! poor] qualities ( gelat94 ,if dri$ sl[ly 9 ! old way gelat9 is liable to be damag$ by f]m5tation2 9 su* cases l>ge bubbles ( gas are =m$ 9 ! %eets1 & are a sign ( bad quality4 ,,gems1 ,,artificial3 ,see also ,diamonds4 ,! raw mat]ials = ! production ( artificial gems are ! f9e/ silica &1 z a rule1 f9ely gr\nd rock cry/als2 :ite s& & qu>tz1 :i* rema9 pure :ite ev5 at a high] temp]ature1 may also be us$4 ,artificial borax is giv5 ! pref]5ce1 s9ce ! native v>iety frequ5tly conta9s sub/ances :i* color ! glass4 ,lead c>bonate or r$ lead mu/ be p]fectly pure & n conta9 any protoxide1 s9ce ! latt] gives ! glass a dull1 gre5i% hue4 ,:ite lead & r$ lead h to dissolve completely 9 dilute nitric acid or )\t leav+ a residue2 ! solution1 neutraliz$ z mu* z possible1 mu/ n be r$d5$ by prussiate ( pota%4 ,9 ! =m] case t9 is pres5t1 9 ! latt] copp]4 ,ars5i\s acid & saltpet] mu/ be p]fectly pure2 !y s]ve = ! de/ruction ( ! organic sub/ances4 ,! mat]ials1 )\t ! color+ oxide1 furni% ! />t+ quantity = ! production ( artificial gems2 su* glass pa/es are nam$ 8/rass40 ,! em]ald1 a preci\s /one ( gre5 color1 is imitat$ by melt+ #a1jjj p>ts ( /rass & #h p>ts ( *romic oxide4 ,artificial em]alds are also obta9$ ) cupric acid & f]ric oxides1 consi/+ ( #dc4hd p>ts ( rock cry/al2 #ba4ib p>ts ( dry sodium c>bonate2 #g4b p>ts ( calc9$ & p[d]$ borax2 #g4b p>ts ( r$ lead2 #c4fe p>ts ( saltpet]2 #a4ba p>ts ( r$ f]ric oxide1 & #j4f p>ts ( gre5 copp] c>bonate4 ,agates are imitat$ by all[+ fragm5ts ( v>i\sly color$ pa/es to fl[ toge!r1 & /irr+ dur+ ! deliquation4 ,! ame?y/ is imitat$ by mix+ #cjj p>ts ( a glass frit ) #j4f p>ts ( gray manganese ore1 or f #cjj p>ts ( frit conta9+ #j4h p] c5t ( manganic oxide1 #cf4e p>ts ( saltpet]1 #ae p>ts ( borax1 & #ae p>ts ( m9ium 7r$ lead74 ,a h&some ame?y/ is obta9$ by melt+ toge!r #a1jjj p>ts ( /rass1 #h p>ts ( manganese oxide1 #e p>ts ( cobalt oxide1 & #b p>ts ( gold purple4 ,latt]ly1 attempts h also be5 made to produce v h>d glasses = imitation /ones f alum9a & borax ) ! requisite color+ ag5ts4 ,besides imitation /ones !re are also produc$ opaque glass pa/es be>+ ! "n ( ! /ones !y resemble1 e4 g41 av5tur9e1 azure-/one 7lapis lazuli71 *rysoprase1 turquoise1 obsidian1 etc4 ,= ^!1 especially pure mat]ials1 z belong+ to ! mo/ important +r$i5ts ( glassy bodies1 are us$1 & c]ta9 quantities ( r$ lead & borax are also add$4 ,,gem ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,jewel]s' ,cem5ts4 ,,g]man ,,silv]3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,g]man ,,silv] ,,sold]s3 ,see ,sold]s4 ,,gild+3 ,see ,pa9ts1 ,plat+1 & ,v>ni%es4 ,,gild+ ,,glass3 ,see ,glass4 ,,gild+1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,gild+1 ,,r5ovation ,,(3 ,see ,clean+ ,comp\nds4 ,,gild+ ,,sub/itute3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,gilt1 ,,te/ ,,=3 ,see ,gold4 ,,gilt ,,"w1 ,,to ,,burni%3 ,see ,gold4 #cga ,,g+]ade3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,g+] ,,ale ,,& ,,g+] ,,be]3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,g+] ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,g+] ,,extracts3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,glass ,b5t ,glass4--,?is 0 =m]ly us$ = %[ cases2 its use 9 /ore fronts is becom+ m & m famili>1 l>ge plates be+ b5t = ?is purpose4 ,x is mu* us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( dwell+s1 9 w9d[s1 or r\nd$ corn]s1 & 9 t[]s2 9 coa* fronts & 9 r\nd$ front *9a closets4 ,ei!r pla9 glass or bevel$ glass may be b5t1 & to any curve4 ,! numb] ( molds requir$ 9 a glass-b5d+ e/abli%m5t is l>ge4 ,! b5d+ is done 9 a kiln4 ,glass melts at #b1cjj ,f42 ! heat employ$ 9 b5d+ is #a1hjj ,f4 ,no pyromet] w\ld /& long 9 t heat1 s ! heat ( ! kiln is judg$ f ! color ( ! flame & o!r indications4 ,small] pieces ( glass are put into ! molds 9 ! kilns ) =ks made = ! purpose4 ,! great molds us$ = b5d+ l>ge %eets ( glass are m\nt$ on c>s1 t may be roll$ 9 & out ( kilns4 ,! glass is laid ^u ! top ( ! mold or cavity1 & is b5t by its own weight4 ,z x is s(t5$ by ! heat x s9ks into ! mold & s is b5t4 ,x may take an h\r or two to b5d ! glass1 :i* is !n left 9 ! kiln f #bd to #cf h\rs to anneal & cool4 ,glass ( any k9d or size is put into ! kilns 9 its f9i%$ /ate2 ! great heat to :i* x is subject$ does n di/urb ! poli%$ surface4 ,despite e precaution m or less glass is brok5 9 b5d+4 ,b5t glass co/s ab\t #ej p] c5t m ?an ! flat4 ,! use ( b5t glass is increas+1 & !re are #d or #e glass-b5d+ e/abli%m5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ( :i* "o is 9 ! ,ea/4 ,color$ ,glass4--,r4 ,zsigmondy has made "s int]e/+ exp]im5ts 9 color+ glass ) metallic sulphides1 su* z molybd5ite1 & sulphides ( antimony1 copp]1 bismu?1 & nickel4 ,te/s made ) bat*es ( #bj to #dj p\nds & ) a heat n too great1 give good results z foll[s3 ,s&1 #fe p>ts2 pota%1 #ae p>ts2 soda1 #e p>ts2 lime1 #i p>ts2 molybd5ite1 #c p>ts2 sulphide ( sodium1 #b p>ts1 gave a d>k r$di%-br[n glass4 ,9 ?9n] lay]s ?is glass appe>$ light br[ni% yell[4 ,fla%$ ) opal1 x became a smutty black br[n4 ,s&1 #ej p>ts2 pota%1 #ae p>ts2 soda1 #e p>ts2 lime1 #i p>ts2 molybd5ite1 #a "p2 sulphide ( sodium1 #b p>ts1 gave a yell[ glass4 ,s&1 #aj p>ts2 pota%1 #c4c p>ts2 soda1 #j4bg p>ts2 lime1 #a4fd p>ts2 molybd5ite1 #j4jc p>ts1 gave a r$di%-yell[ glass ) a f9e t+e ( r$4 ,s&1 #ajj p>ts2 pota%1 #bf p>ts2 soda1 #ajh p>ts2 lime1 #ab p>ts2 sulphide ( copp]1 #a4g p>ts2 sulphide ( sodium1 #b4c p>ts1 gave a d>k-br[n color1 v>y+ f sepia to si5na4 ,9 ?ick lay]s x 0 no long] transp>5t1 b /ill cle> & uncl\d$4 ,:5 heat$ ?is glass became smutty black br[n & cl\d$4 ,a f9e copp] r$ 0 obta9$ f s&1 #aj p>ts2 pota%1 #c p>ts2 lime1 #a4b p>ts2 soda1 #j4be p>ts2 sulphide ( copp]1 #g4e p>ts2 sulphide ( sodium1 #aj4e p>ts2 borax1 #i4e p>ts4 ,attempts to color ) sulphides ( antimony & bismu? fail$4 ,b ! addition ( #g p] c5t ( sulphide ( nickel to an ord9>y bat* gave a glass ( f9e ame?y/ color4 ,color+ ,electric-,light ,bulbs & ,globes4--,two sub/ances sugge/ !mselves z excell5t vehicles ( color1 & bo? wat] soluble--wat] glass 7potassium or sodium silicate7 & gelat94 ,= t9t+1 wat]-soluble anil9e colors %\ld be tri$4 ,! ?ickness ( ! solution mu/ be a matt] ( exp]im5tation4 ,prior to dipp+ ! globes !y %\ld be made z free z possible f all grease1 dirt1 etc4 ,! gelat9 solution %\ld n be s ?ick t any appreciable lay] ( x w =m on ! surface ( ! glass1 & to prev5t crack+1 "s non-dry+ mat]ial %\ld be add$ to x1 say glyc]9e4 ,rose-,t9t ,glass4--,sel5ium is n[ us$ = color+ glass4 ,rose-t9t$ glass is made by add+ sel5ium directly to ! +r$i5ts 9 ! melt+ pot4 ,by mix+ fir/ ) cadmium sulphide1 orange r$ is produc$4 ,?is process is /at$ n to require ! reheat+ ( ! glass & its imm]sion 9 ! color+ mixture1 z 9 ! ord9>y process ( mak+ r$ glass4 ,,cutt+1 ,,drill+1 ,,gr9d+1 ,,& ,,%ap+ ,,glass3 ,to ,cut ,glass4--,i4--,glass may be cut )\t a diamond4 ,dip a piece ( #cgb common /r+ 9 alcohol & squeeze x reasonably dry4 ,!n tie ! /r+ tightly ar\nd ! glass on ! l9e ( cutt+4 ,t\* a mat* to ! /r+ & let x burn (f4 ,! heat ( ! burn+ /r+ w weak5 ! glass 9 ?is p>ticul> place4 ,:ile x is hot plunge ! glass "u wat]1 lett+ ! arm g well "u to ! elb[1 s !re w be no vibration :5 ! glass is /ruck4 ,) ! free h& /rike ! glass outside ! l9e ( cutt+1 giv+ a quick1 %>p /roke ) a /ick ( wood1 a long-blad$ knife1 or ! l1 & ! cut w be z clean & /raight z if made by a regul> glass cutt]4 ,! same pr9ciple may be employ$ to cut bottles into vases1 & to =m all sorts ( pretty ?+s1 su* z jewelry boxes1 picture panes1 trays1 small tablets1 w9d[s = a doll h\se1 etc4 ,,ii4--,scrat* ! glass ar\nd ! %ape y desire ) ! corn] ( a file or grav]2 !n1 hav+ b5t a piece ( wire into ! same %ape1 heat x r$ hot & lay x ^u ! scrat* & s9k ! glass into cold wat] j deep en\gh = ! wat] to come almo/ on a level ) its upp] surface4 ,x w r>ely fail to break p]fectly true4 ,to ,cut ,glass ,"u ,wat]4--,x is possible to cut a %eet ( glass r\ghly to any desir$ %ape ) an ord9>y pair ( scissors1 if ! op]ation be p]=m$ "u wat]4 ,( c\rse1 a smoo? edge _c be obta9$ by su* means1 b x w be f\nd satisfactory4 ,drill+1 ,%ap+1 & ,fil+ ,glass4--,take any good piece ( /eel wire1 file to ! %ape ( a drill1 & !n hold x 9 a flame till x is at a dull r$ heat2 !n qu5* 9 metallic m]cury4 ,a piece ( good /eel1 ?us treat$1 w bore ?r\gh glass almo/ z easily z ?r\gh s(t brass4 ,9 use1 lubricate ) oil ( turp5t9e 9 :i* camphor has be5 dissolv$4 ,:5 ! po9t ( ! drill has t\*$ ! o!r side put ! glass 9 wat]1 & proce$ ) ! drill+ v sl[ly4 ,if n possible to d ?is1 rev]se ! "w--turn ! glass ov] & drill1 v c>efully1 f ! opposite side4 ,by proce$+ ) c>e y c easily drill ?ree holes ?r\gh glass #c_/af in* ?ick #a_/d ( an in* ap>t4 ,9 mak+ ! drill be c>eful n to make ! po9t & ! cutt+ edges too acute4 ,! drill cuts m sl[ly1 b m safely1 :5 ! po9t & cutt+ edges are at a l[ angle4 ,to ,make ,holes 9 ,?9 ,glass4--,to produce holes 9 panes ( ?9 or weak glass1 provide ! places to be p]=at$ ) a r+ ( moi/ loam1 ^: c5t] leaves free a portion ( glass exactly ! size ( ! desir$ hole4 ,p\r molt5 lead into ! r+1 & ! glass & lead w fall ?r\gh at once4 ,?is process is bas$ ^u ! rapid heat+ ( ! glass4 ,to ,gr9d ,glass4--,= ! gr9d+ ( glass1 iron1 or /eel laps & f9e s& are fir/ us$2 aft] t1 ! s& is replac$ by em]y4 ,!n ! poli%+ is />t$ ) pure lead or pure t9 laps1 & f9i%$ ) will[ wood laps4 ,! poli%+ p[d] is t9 putty1 b p]oxide ( iron or dioxide ( t9 is a good poli%+ m$ium4 ,pohl ass]ts t if glass is poli%$ ) crocus 7,p>is r$7 x appe>s ( a d>k or a yell[i%-br[n t9t4 ,he cont5ds t ! crocus ent]s ! pores ( ! glass1 &1 to prev5t ?is1 he uses z9c :ite ) ! mo/ satisfactory results4 ,a ,home-,made ,outfit = ,gr9d+ ,glass4--,provide two pieces ( cork1 "o concave & "o convex 7:i* may be cut to %ape aft] fitt+ to ! la!74 ,take a copp] c5t or o!r suitable article & s(t-sold] a screw to fit ! la!1 & !n wax x to ! cork2 get a *eap em]y :eel1 su* z is us$ on sew+ ma*9es4 ,poli% ! edge on ! z9c coll> ( ! em]y :eel 7or use a piece ( z9c74 ,! o!r cork %\ld be wax$ to a p5ny & c5t]$4 ,spectacle l5ses may be cut on ! same em]y :eel if ! :eel is atta*$ to ! la! s z to revolve4 ,ano!r me?od is to take a common piece ( w9d[ glass 7gre5 glass is ! be/7 & make a gr9d/one ( t1 us+ ! flat surface = gr9d+4 ,cem5t x on a l>ge *uck1 ! glass be+ f #b to #b #a_/b in*es 9 diamet]4 ,to ,drill ,optical ,glass4--,a grav] %>p5$ to a long po9t is twi/$ betwe5 ! f+]s1 & press$ aga9/ ! glass1 ! po9t be+ moi/5$ f "t to "t ) turp5t9e4 ,:5 ! hole is f9i%$ half way1 ! drill+ %\ld be comm5c$ f ! o!r side4 ,! />t+ %\ld be begun ) c>e1 z o!rwise ! grav] is likely to slide out & scrat* ! l5s4 ,x is advisable to m>k ! po9t ( drill+ ) a diamond1 & n to apply too great a pressure :5 twi/+ ! grav]4 ,lubricants = ,glass ,drill+4--,i4--,put g>lic1 *opp$ 9 small pieces1 into _s ( turp5t9e & agitate ! #cgc mixture f "t to "t4 ,filt] at ! end ( a =tnight1 & :5 y desire to pi]ce ! glass dip y\r bit or drill into ?is liquid1 tak+ c>e to moi/5 x con/antly to prev5t ! drill1 etc41 f becom+ heat$4 ,,ii4--,place a little alum 9 acetic acid1 dip y\r drill into ?is & put a drop ( x on ! spot :]e ! glass is to be pi]c$4 ,,gild+ ,,glass4 ,:5 x is desir$ to gild glass = decorative purposes use a solution ( gelat9 9 hot wat]1 to :i* an equal quantity ( alcohol has be5 add$4 ,! glass to be gild$ is cov]$ ) ?is solution & ! gold leaf put on :ile wet4 ,a %eet ( s(t cotton mu/ be press$ & smoo!d ov] ! leaf until ! gelat9 bel[ is ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,?is prev5ts spots 9 gild+4 ,c>eful apportionm5t ( ! gelat9 is necess>y4 ,if too mu* be us$1 ! gold may become spott$2 if too little1 ! b9d+ may be too weak to all[ ! gold to be poli%$4 ,! glass %\ld be clean$ ?or\ghly be=e gild+4 ,aft] ! gold leaf is put on ! :ole is all[$ to dry = #aj or #bj m9utes1 :5 ! lu/] ( ! gold c be rais$ by a cauti\s rubb+ ) cotton4 ,!n ano!r lay] ( gelat9 is spread on ) "o /roke ( a s(t bru%1 &1 if especially good "w be requir$1 a second lay] ( gold is put on & cov]$ z be=e4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 ! gelat9 is us$ hot4 ,aft] ! gild+ has become p]fectly dry ! lett]s or ornam5tation are drawn & ! surplus gold ar\nd ! edges is tak5 (f4 ,! gild+ does n become ?or\ghly fix$ until aft] sev]al mon?s1 & until !n r\gh h&l+1 wa%+1 etc41 %\ld be avoid$4 ,! be/ back+ = glass gild+ is asphaltum1 ) a little lampblack1 ?is to be mix$ up ) ela/ic v>ni%2 outside f9i%+ v>ni% is ! be/1 z ! addition ( ?is mat]ial gives durability4 ,,glass ,,manufactur+3 ,see also ,c]amics4 ,! blue t9t ( ! common poison bottle is got by ! addition ( black oxide ( cobalt to ! molt5 glass2 ! gre5 t9t ( ! act9ic glass bottle is obta9$ 9 ! same way by ! addition ( potassium bi*romate1 :i* is r$uc$ to ! basyl\s condition1 & ! amb] t9t is produc$ by ! addition ( impure manganese dioxide1 a sup]ior t9t be+ produc$ by suphur 9 "o =m or ano!r4 ,! =mulas = v>i\s k9ds ( bottle glass1 :i* indicate ! g5]al composition ( almo/ all glasses1 are3 ,:ite ,glass = ,ord9>y ,mold$ ,bottles4-- ,s& #fd p>ts by weight ,lime #f p>ts by weight ,c>bonate ( sodium #bc p>ts by weight ,nitrate ( sodium #e p>ts by weight ,:ite ,fl9t ,glass ,conta9+ ,lead4-- ,s& #fc p>ts by weight ,lime #e p>ts by weight ,c>bonate ( sodium #ba p>ts by weight ,nitrate ( sodium #c p>ts by weight ,r$ lead #h p>ts by weight ,ord9>y ,gre5 ,glass = ,disp5s+ ,bottles4-- ,s& #fc p>ts by weight ,c>bonate ( sodium #bf p>ts by weight ,lime #aa p>ts by weight ,amixture = produc+ a good gre5 fl9t glass is mu* ! same z t = ! ord9>y :ite fl9t glass1 except t ! lime1 in/ead ( be+ ! pure/1 is ord9>y slak$ lime1 & ! sodium nitrate is omitt$4 ,s&1 lime1 & sodium c>bonate are ! ord9>y bases ( glass1 :ile ! sodium nitrate is ! decoloriz+ ag5t4 ,glass ,refractory to ,heat4--,f9e s&1 #gj p>ts2 pota%1 #cj p>ts2 kaol91 #be p>ts4 ,transp>5t ,gr\nd ,glass4--,take hold ( ! glass by "o corn] ) an ord9>y pair ( fire tongs4 ,hold x 9 front ( a cle> fire1 & heat to ab\t #ih ,f41 or j hot en\gh to be held com=tably 9 ! h&4 ,!n hold ! glass horizontally1 gr\nd side upp]mo/1 & p\r 9 ! c5t] a little photograph]'s dry-plate negative v>ni%4 ,tilt ! glass s t ! v>ni% spreads ov] x ev5ly1 !n dra9 back ! surplus v>ni% into ! bottle f "o corn] ( ! glass4 ,hold ! glass 9 front ( ! fire aga9 = a few m9utes & ! v>ni% w cry/allize on its surface1 mak+ x transp>5t4 ,! glass %\ld n be made too hot be=e ! v>ni% is put on1 or ! v>ni% w n run ev5ly4 ,?is me?od answ]s v well = self-made magic-lant]n slides4 ,gr\nd glass may be made tempor>ily transp>5t by wip+ ) a sponge dipp$ 9 p>aff9e or glyc]9e4 ,,wat]-,,tight ,,glass3 ,wat]-,tight ,glass ,ro(s4--,glass ro(s1 ! skeletons ( :i* are con/ruct$ #cgd ( iron1 are extremely difficult to keep wat]-tight1 z ! iron exp&s & contracts ) atmosph]ic *anges4 ,to meet ?is evil1 x is necess>y to use an ela/ic putty1 :i* foll[s ! v>iations ( ! iron4 ,a good =mula is3 ,two p>ts ros9 & "o "p tall[1 melt$ toge!r & /irr$ toge!r ?or\ghly ) a little m9ium4 ,?is putty is appli$ hot ^u /rips ( l95 or cotton clo?1 on top & bel[1 & ^! are pa/$ :ile ! putty is /ill w>m1 ) "o edge on ! iron ribs & ! o!r1 ab\t "o-f\r? in* broad1 ov] ! glass4 ,tight5+ ,ag5t = ,acid ,receptacles4--,crack$ vessels ( glass or porcela91 = use 9 keep+ acids1 c be made tight by apply+ a cem5t prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,take f9ely sift$ s&1 "s asbe/os ) %ort fib]1 a little magnesia & add en\gh conc5trat$ wat] glass to obta9 a readily kneadable mass4 ,! acid r5d]s ! putty firm & wat]pro(4 ,,p5cils ,,= ,,m>k+ ,,glass3 ,see also ,et*+ & ,fro/$ ,glass4 ,crayons = ,writ+ on ,glass4--,i4--,! foll[+ is a good =mula3 ,sp]maceti #d p>ts ,tall[ #c p>ts ,wax #b p>ts ,r$ lead #f p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #a "p ,melt ! sp]maceti1 tall[1 & wax toge!r ov] a sl[ fire1 & :5 melt$ /ir 91 a little at a "t1 ! potassium c>bonate & r$ lead1 previ\sly well mix$4 ,cont9ue ! heat = #bj or #cj m9utes1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,)draw f ! s\rce ( heat1 & let cool d[n some:at1 "u con/ant /irr+1 at ! temp]ature ( ab\t #ahj ,f42 be=e ! mixture comm5ces to set1 p\r (f into molds & let cool4 ,! latt] may be made ( bits ( glass tub+ ( conv5i5t diamet] & l5g?4 ,aft] ! mixture cools1 drive ! crayons out by means ( a rod t closely fits ! diamet] ( ! tubes4 ,,ii4--,take sulphate ( copp]1 #a "p1 & :it+1 #a "p4 ,r$uce ^! to a f9e p[d] & mix ) wat]2 next roll ?is pa/e into ! %ape ( crayons & let dry4 ,:5 x is desir$ to write on ! glass use "o ( ^! crayons & wipe ! trac$ designs4 ,to make !m reappe> brea! on ! glass4 ,,iii4--,melt toge!r1 sp]maceti1 #c p>ts2 talc1 #c p>ts1 & wax1 #b p>ts4 ,:5 melt$ /ir 9 #f p>ts ( m9ium & #a "p ( cau/ic pota%4 ,cont9ue heat+ = #cj m9utes1 !n ca/ 9 suitable molds4 ,:5 =m$ & ready to be put away du/ !m ) talc p[d]1 or roll ea* p5cil 9 p>aff9e p[d]4 ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,fogg+1 ,,dimm+1 ,,& ,,cl\d+4 ,i4--,place a few flat glass or porcela9 di%es ) calcium *loride 9 ea* w9d[4 ,?is sub/ance eag]ly absorbs all moi/ure f ! air4 ,! cont5ts ( ! di%es h to be r5ew$ e #b or #c days1 & ! moi/ calcium *loride rigor\sly dri$1 :]eupon x may be us$ ov] aga94 ,,ii4--,apply to ! inside face ( ! glass a ?9 lay] ( glyc]9e1 :i* does n p]mit ! vapor to deposit 9 f9e drops & ?us ob/ruct ! light4 ,d\ble glass may also be us$4 ,9 ?is way ! heat ( ! inside is n 9 direct contact ) ! cold outside4 ,,iii4--,by means ( ! f+] slightly moi/5$1 apply a film ( soap ( any br& or k9d to ! mirror2 !n rub ?is (f ) a clean1 dry clo?2 ! mirror w be z bright & cle> z ev]2 brea?+ on x w n affect its cle>ness4 ,,iv4--,w9d[ glass becomes dull dur+ /orage by reason ( ! pres5ce ( mu* alkali4 ,?is c be avoid$ by tak+ s&1 #afj p>ts2 calc9$ sodium sulphate1 #ge2 p[d]$ m>ble1 #ej2 & coke1 #d to #e p>ts4 ,ab\t #c p>ts ( ! sodium sulphate may be replac$ by an equal quantity ( pota%4 ,,fro/$ ,,glass4 ,i4--,a fro/$ appe>ance may be giv5 to glass by cov]+ x ) a mixture ( ,magnesium sulphate #f ounces ,dextr9 #b ounces ,wat] #bj ounces ,:5 ?is solution dries1 ! magnesium sulphate cry/allizes 9 f9e ne$les4 ,,ii4--,ano!r =mula directs a /rong solution ( sodium or magnesium sulphate1 appli$ w>m1 & aft]w>ds coat$ ) a ?9 solution ( acacia4 ,,iii4--,a m p]man5t 8fro/0 may be put on ! glass by pa9t+ ) :ite lead & oil1 ei!r smoo? or 9 /ipple effect4 ,! use ( lead acetate ) oil gives a m pleas+ effect1 p]haps1 ?an ! pla9 :ite lead4 ,,iv4--,if /ill great] p]man5cy is desir$1 ! glass may be gr\nd by rubb+ ) "s gritty sub/ance4 #cge ,v4--,= a tempor>y fro/+1 dip a piece ( flat m>ble into glass cutt]'s %>p s&1 moi/5$ ) wat]2 rub ov] ! glass1 dipp+ frequ5tly 9 s& & wat]4 ,if ! fro/+ is requir$ v f9e1 f9i% (f ) em]y & wat]4 ,mix toge!r a /rong1 hot solution ( ,epsom salt & a cle> solution ( gum arabic2 apply w>m4 ,or use a /rong solution ( sodium sulphate1 w>m1 & :5 cool1 wa% ) gum wat]4 ,or daub ! glass ) a lump ( glazi]'s putty1 c>efully & uni=mly1 until ! surface is equally cov]$4 ,?is is an excell5t imitation ( gr\nd glass1 & is n di/urb$ by ra9 or damp4 ,,vi4--,?is imitates gr\nd glass3 ,s&>ac #b #a_/b ounces ,ma/ic #a_/b ounce ,e!r #bd ounces ,b5z9e #af to #ah ounces ,,vii4--,take :ite lead gr\nd 9 a mixture ( #c_/d v>ni% & #a_/d oil ( turp5t9e1 to :i* burnt :ite vitriol & :ite sug> ( lead are add$ = dri]4 ,! pa9t mu/ be prep>$ exce$+ly ?9 & appli$ to ! glass ev5ly1 us+ a broad bru%4 ,if ! w9d[s require a new coat1 ! old "o is fir/ remov$ by ! use ( a /rong lye1 or else apply a mixture ( hydro*loric acid1 #b p>ts2 vitriol1 #b p>ts2 copp] sulphate1 #a "p2 & gum arabic #a "p1 by means ( a bru%4 ,! production ( ?is imitation fro/+ entails little exp5se & is ( special advantage :5 a tempor>y use ( ! glass is desir$4 ,,viii4--,a little ,epsom salt 7sulphate ( magnesia7 /irr$ 9 be] ) a small dose ( dextr9 & appli$ on ! panes by means ( a sponge or a bru% p]mits ( obta9+ mat panes4 ,ho>fro/ ,glass4--,! fea!ry foams trac$ by fro/ on ! inside ( ! w9d[s 9 cold wea!r may be imitat$ z foll[s3 ,! surface is fir/ gr\nd ei!r by s&-bla/ or ! ord9>y me?od1 & is !n cov]$ ) a sort ( v>ni%4 ,on be+ dri$ ei!r 9 ! sun or by artificial heat1 ! v>ni% contracts /rongly1 tak+ ) x ! p>ticles ( glass to :i* x adh]es2 & z ! contraction takes places along def9ite l9es1 ! patt]n giv5 by ! removal ( ! p>ticles ( glass resembles v closely ! bran*+ cry/als ( fro/work4 ,a s+le coat gives a small1 delicate effect1 :ile a ?ick film1 =m$ by putt+ on #b1 #c or m coats1 contracts s /rongly z to produce a l>ge & bold design4 ,by us+ color$ glass1 a patt]n 9 half-t9t may be made on ! color$ gr\nd1 & aft] decorat+ :ite glass1 ! back may be silv]$ or gild$4 ,engrav+1 ,matt+1 & ,fro/+4--,cov] ! glass ) a lay] ( wax or ( v>ni% on :i* ! designs are trac$ ) a grav] or p5-po9t2 next1 hydr(luoric acid is p\r$ on ! trac+s4 ,?is acid is v dang]\s to h&le1 :ile ! foll[+ process1 ?\gh furni%+ ! same results1 does n pres5t ?is drawback3 ,take p[d]$ fluoride ( lime1 #a "p1 & sulphuric acid1 #b p>ts4 ,make a homog5e\s pa/e1 :i* is spread on ! p>ts res]v$ = ! engrav+ or fro/+4 ,at ! end ( #c or #d h\rs wa% ) wat] to remove ! acid1 next ) alcohol to take (f ! v>ni%1 or ) ess5ce ( turp5t9e if wax has be5 employ$ = /opp+ (f4 ,to ,r5d] ,w9d[ ,panes ,opaque4--,i4--,panes may be r5d]$ mat & non-transp>5t by pa9t+ !m on "o side ) a liquid prep>$ by gr9d+ :it+ ) pota% wat]-glass solution4 ,aft] "o or two applications1 ! panes are p]fectly opaque1 :ile admitt+ ! light4 ,,ii4--,pa9t ! panes ) a solution ( ,dextr9 #bjj p>ts by weight ,z9c vitriol #hjj p>ts by weight ,bitt] salt #cjj p>ts by weight ,9 wat] #b1jjj p>ts by weight ,,iii4--,= dead5+ panes already set 9 frames ! foll[+ is suitable3 ,dissolve #a "p ( wax 9 #aj p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e1 add+ #a "p ( v>ni% & #a "p ( siccative4 ,) ?is mixture coat ! panes on ! outside & dab1 :ile /ill wet1 ) a pad ( cotton wadd+4 ,if desir$ small quantities ( ,p>is blue1 madd] lake1 etc41 may be add$ to ! wax solution4 ,,iv4--,= dead5+ w9d[ panes 9 factories & work%ops3 ,to beeswax dissolv$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e1 add "s dry] & v>ni% to obta9 a quick] dry+ & h>d5+4 ,aft] ! w9d[ pane has be5 coat$ ) ?is mixture on ! outside1 x is dabb$ uni=mly ) a pad ( wadd+4 ,! wax may be t9t$ ) glaz+ colors4 ,fro/$ ,mirrors4--,i4--,cov] ) a solution ( ,epsom salts 9 /ale be]2 apply ) a sponge to ! mirror1 fir/ wip+ x clean & dry4 ,on dry+1 ! ,epsom salt cry/allizes1 giv+ v h&some fro/$ effects1 b ! solution mu/ n be appli$ on humid days #cgf :5 ! glass is liable to be damp1 = 9 t case ! effect w be a blurr$ "o4 ,:5 x is desirable to remove ! coat+1 lukew>m wat] w s]ve ! purpose )\t damage to ! lu/] ( ! mirror4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ mixture1 :5 appli$ to a mirror & left to dry1 w =m 9 _m %apes1 all radiat+ f a focus1 ?is focus =m+ any:]e on ! glass1 & :5 all dry t5ds to =m a mo/ pleas+ object to ! eye4 ,s\r ale #d ounces ,magnesium sulphate #a ounce ,put on ! mirror ) a small1 clean sponge & let dry4 ,x is n[ ready = ! arti/1 & he may *oose 8 own colors & subject4 ,cry/all9e ,coat+s or ,fro/work on ,glass or ,pap]4--,dissolve a small quantity ( dextr9 7gum arabic & tragacan? are n s suitable7 9 aque\s salt solution z conc5trat$ z possible1 = in/ance1 9 sulphate ( magnesia 7bitt] salt71 sulphate ( z9c or any o!r readily cry/alliz+ salt2 filt] ! solution ?r\gh :ite blott+ pap] & coat glass panes uni=mly ?9 ) ! cle> filtrate1 us+ a f9e1 broad badg] bru%2 leave !m ly+ at an ord9>y m$ium temp]ature ab\t "o-qu>t] h\r 9 a horizontal position4 ,z ! wat] sl[ly evaporates dur+ ?is %ort "t1 h&some cry/all9e patt]ns1 closely resembl+ fro/work1 w develop gradually on ! glass panes1 :i* adh]e s firmly to ! glass or ! pap] 7if well-siz$ glaz$ pap] _h be5 us$7 t !y w n rub (f easily4 ,!y c be p]man5tly fix$ by a subsequ5t coat ( alcoholic %ellac solution4 ,especially h&some effects are produc$ ) color$ glass panes ?us treat$1 & 9 ! case ( reflect$ light by color$ pap]4 ,= te/+ cry/als z reg>ds _! optical behavior1 among o!rs _! behavior to pol>iz$ light1 x is suffici5t to p\r a solution ( collodion wool 7soluble p]oxide lime = ! prep>ation ( collodion7 ov] ! surface ( glass ) ! cry/all9e designs1 & to pull (f ! dry collodion film c>efully4 ,if ?is is done cauti\sly x is n difficult to lift ! :ole cry/all9e gr\p f ! glass plate & to incorporate x ) ! glass-l1 ?9 collodion film4 ,,remov+ ,,w9d[ ,,fro/4 ,"h are f\rte5 me?ods ( prev5t+ fro/ on w9d[s1 arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( _! efficacy3 #a1 ,flame ( an alcohol lamp2 #b1 sulphuric acid2 #c1 aqua ammonia2 #d1 glyc]9e2 #e1 aqua regia2 #f1 hydro*loric acid2 #g1 b5z9e2 #h1 hydriodic acid2 #i1 boric acid2 #aj1 alcohol2 #aa1 nitric acid2 #ab1 cobalt nitrate2 #ac1 infusion ( nutgalls2 #ad1 t9cture ( f]r\s sulphate4 ,by ! use ( an alcohol lamp 7:i*1 ( c\rse1 has to be h&l$ ) great c>e7 ! results are imm$iate1 & ! effect m ne>ly p]man5t ?an by any o!r me?ods4 ,! sulphuric acid application is made ) a cotton clo? swab1 c>e be+ tak5 n to all[ any dripp+1 & s ) all o!r acids4 ,! effect ( ! aqua ammonia is almo/ in/antane\s1 b ! w9d[ is fro/$ aga9 9 a %ort "t4 ,) ! glyc]9e !re are v good results--b slight /a9s on ! w9d[ :i* may be easily remov$4 ,! in/ructions = glyc]9e are3 ,dissolve #b ounces ( glyc]9e 9 #a qu>t ( #fb p] c5t alcohol conta9+1 to improve ! odor1 "s oil ( amb]4 ,:5 ! mixture cl>ifies x is rubb$ ov] ! inn] surface ( ! glass4 ,?is1 x is claim$1 n only prev5ts ! =mation ( fro/1 b also prev5ts sweat+4 ,to ,prev5t ,dimm+ ( ,eyeglasses1 etc4--,mix ole9-pota% soap ) ab\t #c p] c5t ( glyc]9e & a little oil turp5t9e4 ,simil> mixtures h also be5 recomm5d$ = poli%+ physicians' reflectors1 %[-w9d[s1 etc41 to prev5t dimm+4 ,,writ+ ,,on ,,glass3 ,see also ,et*+ & ,inks4 ,composition = ,writ+ on ,glass4--,to obta9 mat designs on glass1 take sodium fluoride1 #ce p>ts2 potassium sulphate1 #g p>ts2 z9c *loride1 #ae p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #fe p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,dissolve ! sodium fluoride & ! potassium sulphate 9 half ! wat]2 dissolve ! z9c *loride 9 ! rema9+ wat] & add ! hydro*loric acid4 ,pres]ve ^! two solutions sep>ately4 ,= use1 mix a little ( ea* solution & write on ! glass ) a p5 or bru%4 ,ink = ,writ+ on ,glass4-- ,%ellac #bj p>ts ,alcohol #aej p>ts ,borax #ce p>ts ,wat] #bej p>ts ,wat]-soluble dye suffici5t to color4 ,dissolve ! %ellac 9 ! alcohol1 ! borax 9 ! wat]1 & p\r ! %ellac #cgg solution sl[ly into t ( ! borax4 ,!n add ! color+ matt] previ\sly dissolv$ 9 a little wat]4 ,,glass ,,& ,,glassw>e ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives & ,amalgams4 ,,glass ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,glass1 ,,copp]+1 ,,gild+1 ,,& ,,plat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,glass ,,et*+3 ,see ,et*+4 ,,glass1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,affix ,,sign-,,lett]s ,,on3 ,see ,adhesives "u ,sign-,lett] ,cem5ts4 ,,glass1 ,,fa/5+ ,,metals ,,on3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,glass ,,lett]+3 ,see ,lett]+4 ,,glass ,,lubricants3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,glass1 ,,p]c5tage ,,( ,,light ,,absorb$ ,,by3 ,see ,light4 ,,glass ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,glass1 ,,silv]+ ,,(3 ,see ,mirrors4 ,,glass ,,sold]s3 ,see ,sold]s4 ,,glass1 ,,soluble1 ,,z ,a ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,glass1 ,,to ,,affix ,,pap] ,,on3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,wat]-,glass ,cem5ts4 ,,glass1 ,,to ,,silv]3 ,see ,silv]4 ,glazes 7,see also ,c]amics1 ,enamels1 ,pa9ts1 & ,v>ni%es47 ,glazes = ,cook+ ,vessels4--,melt a frit ( r$ lead1 #bb4i p>ts 7by weight72 cry/alliz$ boracic acid1 #ca p>ts2 enamel soda1 #db4d p>ts2 cook+ salt1 #aj p>ts2 gravel1 #ab p>ts2 feldsp>1 #h p>ts4 ,accord+ to ! "* ( ! clay1 ?is frit is mix$ ) v>y+ quantities ( s&1 feldsp> & kaol91 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,frit #hd #hd #hd #hd ,r$ lead #a4e #a4e #a4e #a4e ,gravel #h #f #c ,feldsp> #b #e #h ,kaol91 burnt #f4e #f4e #f4e #f4e ,glazes :i* are produc$ )\t addition ( r$ lead to ! frit1 are prep>$ z foll[s4 ,melt a frit ( ! foll[+ composition3 ,r$ lead1 #bb4i p>ts 7by weight72 boracic acid 9 cry/als1 #bd4h p>ts2 enamel soda1 #cg4a p>ts2 calc9$ pota%1 #f4i p>ts2 cook+ salt1 #aj p>ts2 *alk1 #aj p>ts2 gravel1 #ab p>ts2 feldsp>1 #h p>ts4 ,f ! frit ! foll[+ glazes are prep>$3 ,frit #hf4e #hf4e #hf4e #hf4e ,gravel #g #d4e #c ,feldsp> #b4e #d #g ,kaol91 burnt #f4e #f4e #f4e #f4e ,glaz+ on ,size ,colors4--,! ess5tial condition = ?is "w is a well-siz$ f\ndation4 ,= ! glaz+ pa9t1 size is likewise us$ z a b9d]1 b a little dissolv$ soap is add$1 ( ab\t ! /r5g? employ$ = coat+ ceil+s4 ,good ve9+ c be done ) ?is1 & a bett] effect c be produc$ 9 execut+ pieces :i* are to appe> 9 relief1 su* z c>-t\*es1 masks1 knobs1 etc41 ?an ) ! ord9>y means4 ,a skillful gra9] may also imp>t to ! "w ! pleasant lu/] ( natural wood4 ,! same glaz+ me?od is applicable to color$ pa9t+s4 ,if ! glaz+ colors are prep>$ ) wax1 dissolv$ 9 ,fr5* turp5t9e1 "o may likewise glaze ) !m on a size-pa9t gr\nd4 ,glaz+ tube-oil colors ?9n$ ) turp5t9e & siccative1 are also useful = ?is purpose4 ,= ! %ad[s1 asphalt & ,van ,dyke br[n are recomm5d$1 :ile ! cont\r may be pa9t$ ) size-pa9t4 ,coat+ ,metallic ,surfaces ) ,glass4--,metallic surfaces may be coat$ ) glass by melt+ toge!r #abe p>ts 7by weight7 ( fl9t-glass fragm5ts1 #bj p>ts ( sodium c>bonate1 & #ab p>ts ( boracic acid4 ,! molt5 mass is next p\r$ on a h>d & cold surface1 /one or metal4 ,aft] x has cool$1 x is p[d]$4 ,make a mixture ( #ej ,b4 ( ?is p[d] & sodium silicate 7wat] glass74 ,! metal to be glaz$ is coat$ ) ?is & heat$ 9 a muffle or any o!r ov5 until ! mixture melts & c be ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,?is glass coat+ adh]es firmly to iron & /eel4 ,glaze = ,bricks4--,a glaz+ color = bricks pat5t$ 9 ,g]many is a #cgh composition ( #ab p>ts 7by weight7 lead2 #d p>ts li?>ge2 #c p>ts qu>tzose s&2 #d p>ts :ite argillace\s e>?2 #b p>ts kit*5 salt2 #b p>ts f9ely cru%$ glass1 & #a "p saltpet]4 ,^! +r$i5ts are all r$uc$ to a p[d] & !n mix$ ) a suitable quantity ( wat]4 ,! color prep>$ 9 ?is mann] is said to possess great durability1 & to imp>t a f9e lu/] to ! bricks4 ,,glazes ,,= ,,laundry3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,globes1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,color3 ,see ,glass-,color+4 ,,globes1 ,,p]c5tage ,,( ,,light ,,absorb$ ,,by3 ,see ,light4 ,,globes1 ,,silv]+ ,,(3 ,see ,mirrors4 ,,gloss ,,= ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,glove-,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,comp\nds4 ,,gloves1 ,,sub/itute ,,= ,,rubb]3 ,see ,antiseptics4 ,,gloves1 ,,te/+3 ,see ,rubb]4 ,,glucose ,,9 ,,jelly3 ,see ,foods4 ,glue 7,=mulas = ,glues & me?ods ( manufactur+ ,glue w be f\nd "u ,adhesives47 ,r5d]+ ,glue ,insoluble 9 ,wat]4--,/uebl+ f9ds t ! usual mixture ( bi*romate & glue :5 us$ 9 ! ord9>y way does n possess ! wat]pro( prop]ties ) :i* x is g5]ally cr$it$4 ,if mix$ 9 ! daylight1 x sets h>d be=e x c be appli$ to ! surfaces to be glu$1 & if mix$ & appli$ 9 ! d>k room x rema9s j z soluble z ord9>y glue1 ! light be+ unable to p5etrate ! int]ior ( ! jo9ts4 ,nei!r is a mixture ( l9se$ oil & glue ( any use = ?is purpose4 ,happ5+ to upset a /rong solution ( alum--prep>$ = wood /a9+--into an adjac5t glue pot1 he /irr$ up ! two toge!r out ( curiosity & left !m4 ,wi%+ to use ! glue a few days lat]1 he tri$ to ?9 x d[n ) wat]1 b unsuccessfully1 ! glue hav+ set to a wat]pro( mass4 ,fre% glue 0 !n mix$ ) alum solution & us$ to jo9 two pieces ( wood1 ^! resi/+ ! action ( ! wat] completely4 ,to ,blea* ,glue4--,dissolve ! glue 9 wat]1 by heat1 & :ile hot1 add a mixture 9 equal p>ts ( oxalic acid & z9c oxide1 to an am\nt equal to ab\t #a p] c5t ( ! glue4 ,aft] ! color has be5 remov$1 /ra9 ?r\gh musl94 ,me?od ( ,purify+ ,glue4--,! glue is soak$ 9 cold wat] & dissolv$ 9 a hot #be p] c5t solution ( magnesium sulphate4 ,! hot solution is filt]$1 & to ! filtrate is add$ a #be p] c5t solution ( magnesium sulphate conta9+ #j4e p] c5t ( hydro*loric acid 7or1 if necess>y1 sulphuric acid74 ,a :ite floccul5t precipitate is obta9$ :i* is difficult to filt]4 ,! rema9d] ( ! glue 9 ! sal9e solution is extract$ by treatm5t ) magnesium sulphate4 ,! visc\s matt] is wa%$1 !n dissolv$ 9 hot wat]1 & all[$ to cool1 a quantity ( weak alcohol acidulat$ by #a p] c5t ( hydro*loric acid be+ add$ j be=e ! mass solidifies4 ,f #b to #c p>ts1 by volume1 ( /rong alcohol 7me?yl or e?yl7 are !n add$ & ! solution filt]$1 *>coal be+ us$ if necess>y4 ,! glue is f9ally precipitat$ f ?is solution by neutraliz+ ) ammonia & wa%+ ) alcohol or wat]4 ,to ,di/+ui% ,glue & ,o!r ,adhesive ,ag5ts4--,! product to be exam9$ is heat$ ) hydr(luoric acid 7#ej p] c5t74 ,if bone glue is pres5t 9 any reasonable quantity1 an int5se odor ( butyric acid arises at once1 simil> to t ( ,limburg] *eese4 ,b if dextr9 or gum arabic is pres5t1 only an odor ( dextr9e or fluorhydric acid w be p]ceptible4 ,conduct ! reaction ) small quantities2 o!rwise ! smell w be s /rong t x is h>d to remove f ! room4 ,,glue ,,cl>ifi]3 ,see ,gelat94 ,glyc]9e ,recov]+ ,glyc]9e f ,soap ,boil]'s ,lye4--,i4--,glyc]9e is obta9$ z a by-product 9 mak+ soap4 ,= _m ye>s ! lyes 7 ?r[n away z wa/e1 b n[ consid]able quantities ( glyc]9e are recov]$1 :i* are mu* us$ 9 mak+ explosive comp\nds4 ,:5 a metallic salt or "o ( ! alkalies1 z cau/ic soda1 is add$ to tall[1 a /e>ite ( ! metal 7common soap is /e>ite ( sodium7 is =m$1 :]eby ! glyc]9e is elim9at$4 #cgi ,?is valuable by-product is conta9$ 9 ! wa/e lye1 & has =m$ ! subject ( sev]al pat5ts4 ,draw ! lye (f f ! soap-pans2 ?is conta9s a l>ge quantity ( wat]1 "s salt & soap & a small quantity ( glyc]9e1 & ! great tr\ble is to conc5trate ! lye s t ! l>ge quantity ( wat] is elim9at$1 sometimes #aj to #ab days be+ occupi$ 9 do+ ?is4 ,! soap & salt are easily remov$4 ,to remove ! soap1 run ! lye into a s]ies ( tanks alt]nat+ 9 size /ep-l1 s t z ! fir/1 :i* %\ld be ! l>ge/1 becomes full1 ! liquor w fl[ into ! second1 f t into ! ?ird1 & s on2 by ?is arrangem5t ! ros9\s & album9\s matt]s w settle1 & ! soap /ill conta9$ 9 ! lyes w float on ! surface1 f :i* x is remov$ by skimm+4 ,aft] ?us free+ ! lye ( ! solid impurities1 convey ! purifi$ lye to ! glyc]9e recov]+ dep>tm5t 7wood5 tr\ghs or pipes may be us$ to d ?is71 & aft] conc5trat+ by heat+ x 9 a /eam-jacket$ boil]1 & all[+ x to cool some:at1 ladle out ! solid salt t sep>ates1 & aft]w>ds conc5trate ! lye by all[+ x to fl[ into a tank1 b be=e do+ s let ! fluid come 9 contact ) a hot bla/ ( air or sup]heat$ /eam1 :]eby ! crude discolor$ glyc]9e is obta9$4 ,?is is fur!r purifi$ by heat+ ) animal *>coal to decolorize x1 !n di/ill+ sev]al times 9 copp] /ills ) sup]heat$ /eam4 ,! *ief po9ts to att5d to are3 7#a7 ,! neutraliz+ & conc5trat+ ! lye z mu* z possible & !n sep>at+ ! salts & solid matt]s2 7#b7 conc5trat+ ! purifi$ lye1 & mix+ ?is fluid ) oleic acid1 oil1 tall[1 or l>d1 & heat+ ! mixture to #cch ,f41 9 a /ill1 by /eam1 & gradually raise ! heat to #cgb ,f42 7#c7 /irr+ ! liquor :ile be+ heat$1 & all[+ ! aque\s vapor to escape1 & :5 ?us conc5trat$1 saponify+ ! liquid ) lime to elim9ate ! glyc]9e2 wat] is at ! same "t expell$1 b ?is is remov$ f ! glyc]9e by evaporat+ ! mixture4 ,,ii4--,9 ,w4 ,e4 ,g>rigues's pat5t = ! recov]+ ( glyc]9e f sp5t soap lyes1 ! liquid is neutraliz$ ) a m9]al acid1 & aft] sep>ation ( ! insoluble fatty acids x is conc5trat$ & !n fre$ f m9]al salts & volatile fatty acids1 & ! conc5trat$ glyc]9e solution treat$ ) an alkal9e sub/ance & di/ill$4 ,?us ! soap lye may be neutraliz$ ) sulphuric acid1 & alum9um sulphate add$ to precipitate ! insoluble fatty acids4 ,! filtrate f ^! is conc5trat$ & ! sep>at$ m9]al salts remov$1 aft] :i* b>ium *loride is add$ & !n suffici5t sulphuric acid to lib]ate ! volatile fatty acids comb9$ ) ! alkali4 ,^! acids are p>tially envelop$ 9 ! b>ium sulphate1 ) :i* !y c be sep>at$ f ! liquid by filtration1 :ile ! rema9+ portion c be expell$ by evaporat+ ! liquid 9 a vacuum evaporator4 ,f9ally1 ! solution is treat$ ) sodium c>bonate1 & ! glyc]9e di/ill$4 ,glyc]9e ,lotion4-- ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,ess5ce b\quet #a_/d ounce ,wat] #d ounces ,co*9eal color+1 a suffici5t quantity4 7,see also ,cosmetics = ,glyc]9e ,lotions47 ,,glyc]9e ,,applications3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,glyc]9e ,,z ,a ,,det]g5t3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,glyc]9e ,,process3 ,see ,photography4 ,,glyc]9e ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,glyc]9e ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,gold 7,see also ,jewel]s' ,=mulas47 ,gold ,pr9t+ on ,oilclo? & ,imitation ,lea!r4--,oilclo? c v easily be gilt if ! "r degree ( heat is obs]v$4 ,aft] ! engrav+ has be5 put 9 ! press1 ! latt] is heat$ slightly1 s t x is /ill possible to lay ! palm ( ! h& on ! heat$ plate )\t any unpleasant s5sation4 ,g ov] ! oilclo? ) a rag 9 :i* a drop ( olive oil has be5 rubb$ up1 :i* gives a greasy film4 ,no prim+ ) :ite ( egg or any o!r prim+ ag5t %\ld be done1 s9ce ! gold leaf w\ld /ick4 ,avoid spr9kl+ on gild+ p[d]4 ,! gold leaf is appli$ directly on ! oilclo?2 !n place 9 ! lukew>m press1 squeez+ x d[n ) #chj a quick j]ky motion & op5+ x at once4 ,if ! w>m plate rema9s too long on ! oilclo?1 ! gold leaf w /ick4 ,:5 ! impression is done1 ! gold leaf is n swept (f at once1 b ! oilclo? is fir/ all[$ to cool completely = sev]al m9utes1 s9ce !re is a possibility t x has become slightly s(t5$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! heat1 especially at ! bord]s ( ! press$ figures1 & ! gold w\ld /ick !re if swept (f imm$iately4 ,! pr9t+ %\ld be %>p & neat & ! gold glossy4 ,= bronze pr9t+ on oilclo?1 a prelim9>y treatm5t ( pr9t+ ) v>ni% gr\nd %\ld be giv54 ,! bronze is du/$ on ?is v>ni%4 ,imitation lea!r is g5]ally treat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! t\gh pap] sub/ance is made to imitate lea!r p]fectly z reg>ds color & press+1 especially ! v>i\s sorts ( calf1 b ! treatm5t 9 press gild+ diff]s entirely f t ( g5u9e lea!r4 ,! /uff does n possess ! por\s1 spongy nature ( lea!r1 b on ! contr>y is v h>d1 & 9 ! c\rse ( manufacture 9 /a9$-pap] factories is giv5 an almo/ wat]pro( coat+ ( color & v>ni%4 ,h5ce ! appli$ gr\nd ( :ite ( egg p5etrates b slightly into ?is sub/ance1 & a ?9 lay] ( :ite ( egg rema9s on ! surface4 ,! consequ5ce is t 9 gild+ ! gold leaf is prone to become atta*$1 ! gr\nd ( album5 be+ quickly dissolv$ "u ! action ( ! heat & put 9 a s(t /icky /ate ev5 9 places :]e !re is no engrav+4 ,9 ord] to avoid ?is ! gr\nd is ei!r pr9t$ only lukew>m1 or ?is imitation lea!r is n prim$ at all1 b ! gold is appli$ imm$iately ^u go+ ov] ! surface ) ! oily rag4 ,pr9t ) a r hot press1 ) ab\t ! same am\nt ( heat z is employ$ = pr9t+ %agre5 & title pap]4 ,a quick j]ky pr9t+1 avoid+ a long pressure ( ! plate1 is necess>y4 ,liquid ,gold4--,take an evaporat+ di%1 put into x #hhj p>ts1 by weight1 ( pure gold2 !n #d1djj p>ts1 by weight1 ( muriatic acid1 & #c1ebj p>ts1 by weight1 nitric acid2 place ov] a gas flame until ! gold is dissolv$1 & !n add to x #bb p>ts1 by weight1 ( pure t92 :5 ! t9 is dissolv$ add #db p>ts1 by weight1 ( butt] ( antimony4 ,let all rema9 ov] ! gas until ! mixture beg9s to ?ick54 ,n[ put into a glass & te/ ) ! hydromet]1 :i* %\ld give ab\t #a1hjj specific gravity4 ,p\r into a l>ge glass & fill up ) wat] until ! hydromet] %[s #ajij2 p\r all ! solution into a *emical pot & add to x #a1gfj p>ts1 by weight1 balsam ( sulphur1 /irr+ well all ! :ile1 & put x ov] ! gas aga92 9 an h\r x %\ld give1 on te/+1 #abe ,f42 gradually increase ! heat up to #ahe ,f41 :5 x %\ld be well /irr$ & !n left to cool ab\t #ab h\rs4 ,p\r ! wat]y fluid into a l>ge vessel & wa% ! d>k-look+ mass #e or #f times ) hot wat]2 save ea* lot ( wat] z x conta9s "s portion ( gold4 ,remove all moi/ure f ! d>k mass by roll+ on a slab & w>m+ be=e ! fire occasionally s z to keep x s(t4 ,:5 q dry add #b #a_/d times its weight ( turp5t9e & put x ov] a small flame = ab\t #b h\rs2 !n slightly increase ! heat = ano!r h\r & a half4 ,all[ ?is to /& ab\t #bd h\rs1 & !n take a glaz$ b[l & spread ov] ! bottom ( x #a1gfj p>ts1 by weight1 ( f9ely p[d]$ bismu?2 p\r ! prep>$ gold ov] x 9 sev]al places4 ,n[ take a vessel conta9+ wat] & place inside ! o!r vessel conta9+ ! gold1 & heat x s z to cause ! wat] to boil = #c h\rs2 all[ x to rema9 until settl$ & p\r (f ! gold f ! settl+s ( ! bismu?1 & try x2 if n q "r cont9ue ! la/ process ) bismu? until good2 ! bismu? causes ! gold to adh]e4 ,prep>ation ( ,balsam ( ,sulphur4--,take #af p>ts oil ( turp5t9e2 #b #a_/b p>ts spirits ( turp5t9e2 #h p>ts fl\r ( sulphur4 ,place all 9 a *emical pot & heat until x boils2 cont9ue ! boil+ until no sulphur c be se5 9 x2 n[ remove f ! heat & ?9 x ) turp5t9e until ab\t ! ?ickness ( treacle1 !n w>m x aga91 /irr+ well2 all[ x to cool until x rea*es #de ,f41 !n te/ x ) ! hydromet]1 & if specific gravity is n #iie cont9ue ! addition ( turp5t9e & w>m+ until correct1 let x ?or\ghly cool1 !n bottle1 keep+ x air-tight4 ,to ,purify ,bismu?4--,take #f p>ts bismu? metal1 #c_/d "p saltpet]4 ,melt toge!r 9 a biscuit cup1 p\r out on to a slab1 & take away all dirt1 !n gr9d into a f9e p[d]4 ,to ,recov] ! ,gold f ! ,rema9s ( ! ,=ego+ ,process4--,put all ! 8wat]y0 solutions into a l>ge vessel & mix ) a filt]$ saturat$ solution ( copp]as2 ?is w cause #cha a precipitate ( pure metallic gold to gradually subside2 wa% x ) cold wat] & dry 9 an evaporat+ di%4 ,all rags & settl+s t are ?ick %\ld be burnt 9 a crucible until a yell[ mass is se52 !n take ?is & dissolve x 9 #b p>ts muriatic acid & #a "p nitric acid4 ,let x rema9 9 a porcela9 di% until x beg9s to ?ick51 & cry/als =m on ! sides4 ,add a little nitric acid1 & heat until cry/als aga9 =m4 ,n[ take ?is & mix ) cold wat]1 add a solution ( copp]as to x & all[ x to settle2 p\r (f ! wat]1 & ) fre% wat] wa% till q free f acid4 ,! gold may !n be us$ aga91 & if great c>e is ex]cis$ almo/ "o-half ! orig9al quantity may be recov]$4 ,! quantities giv5 9 ! recipe %\ld produce ab\t #ac to #ae p>ts ( ! liquid gold4 ,x does n 9 use require any burni%+1 & %\ld be fir$ at rose-color heat4 ,if desir$ x c be flux$ ) ,v5ice turp5t9e1 oil ( lav5d]1 or almonds4 ,treatm5t ( ,brittle ,gold4--,i4--,add to e #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 #e to #h p>ts1 by weight1 ( cupric *loride & melt until ! oily lay] :i* =ms has disappe>$4 ,!n p\r out1 & 9 mo/ cases a p]fectly pliable gold w h be5 obta9$4 ,if ?is %\ld n be ! case aft] ! fir/ fusion1 repeat ! op]ation ) ! same quantity ( cupric *loride4 ,! cupric *loride mu/ be kept 9 a well-clos$ bottle1 made tight ) p>aff9e1 & 9 a dry place4 ,,ii4--,pass *lor9e gas ?r\gh ! molt5 gold1 by :i* treatm5t mo/ ( ! gold :i* has o!rwise be5 set aside z unfit = c]ta9 k9ds ( "w may be r$eem$4 ,assay+ ( ,gold4--,to det]m9e ! pres5ce ( gold 9 ores1 etc41 mix a small quantity ( ! f9ely p[d]$ ore 9 a flask ) an equal volume ( t9cture ( iod9e1 %ake repeat$ly & well1 & leave 9 contact ab\t #a h\r1 ) repeat$ %ak+4 ,next all[ ! mixture to deposit & dip a n>r[ /rip ( filt]+ pap] into ! solution4 ,all[ ! pap] to absorb1 next to dry2 !n dip x aga9 into ! solution1 repeat+ ?is #e to #f times1 s t ! filt]+ pap] is well saturat$ & impregnat$4 ,! /rip is n[ calc9$1 z x 71 & ! a%es1 if gold is pres5t1 %[ a purple color4 ,! color+ disappe>s imm$iately if ! a%es are moi/5$ ) brom9e wat]4 ,! same te/ may also be modifi$ z foll[s3 ,cov] ! f9ely pulv]iz$ ore ) brom9e wat]1 %ake well & repeat$ly dur+ ab\t #a h\r ( ! contact1 & filt]4 ,n[ add to ! solution /annic proto*loride 9 solution1 :]eby1 9 case gold is pres5t1 a purple color 7gold purple ( ,cassius7 w at once appe>4 ,9 case ! ore to be assay$ conta9s sulphides1 x is well to roa/ ! ore previ\sly1 & %\ld x conta9 lime c>bonate1 x is advisable to calc9e ! ore be=e 9 ! pres5ce ( ammonium c>bonate4 ,gold ,weld+4--,gold may be weld$ toge!r ) any metal1 if ! "r me?ods are employ$1 b be/ ) copp]4 ,"s recipes = weld+ ag5ts are "h giv54 ,i4--,two p>ts by weight 7#af ounces equal #a p\nd7 ( gre5 vitriol2 #a "p by weight 7#af ounces equal #a p\nd7 ( saltpet]2 #f p>ts by weight 7#af ounces equal #a p\nd7 ( common salt2 #a "p by weight 7#af ounces equal #a p\nd7 ( black manganic oxide or pulv]iz$1 & mix$ ) #dh p>ts by weight 7#af ounces equal #a p\nd7 ( good weld+ s&4 ,,ii4--,fil+s ( ! metal to be us$ 9 weld+ are mix$ ) melt$ borax 9 ! usual proportion4 ,to be appli$ 9 ! ?ickness desir$4 ,,iii4--,a mixture ( #cch p>ts ( sodium phosphate & #abd p>ts ( boracic acid is us$ :5 ! metal is at d>k-r$ heat4 ,! metal is !n to be br\ght to a bright-r$ heat1 & hamm]$ at ! same "t4 ,! metal easily s(t5s at a high temp]ature1 & a wood5 mallet is be/4 ,all sub/ances conta9+ c>bon %\ld be remov$ f ! surface1 z success dep5ds ^u ! =mation ( a fusible copp] phosphate1 :i* dissolves a ?9 lay] ( oxide on ! surface1 & keeps ! latt] 9 good condition = weld+4 ,to ,recov] ,gold-,leaf ,wa/e4--,to recov] ! gold f color wa/e1 gold bru%es1 rags1 etc41 !y are burn$ up to a%es4 ,! a%es are lea*$ ) boil+ wat] conta9+ hydro*loric acid4 ,! aurif]\s residuum is !n boil$ ) aqua regia 7#a "p nitric acid & #c p>ts hydro*loric acid71 :]eby ! gold is dissolv$ & gold *loride results4 ,aft] filtration & evaporation to dryness ! product is dissolv$ 9 wat] & precipitat$ ) sulphate ( protoxide ( iron4 ,! precipitat$ gold p[d] is purifi$ ) hydro*loric acid4 ,gold f ,acid ,color+ ,ba?s4--,i4--,diff]5t lots are to be p\r$ toge!r #chb & ! gold 9 !m recov]$4 ,! foll[+ me?od is recomm5d$3 ,dissolve a h&ful ( phosphate ( iron 9 boil+ wat]1 to :i* liquor add ! color+ ba?s1 :]eby small p>ticles ( gold are precipitat$4 ,!n draw (f ! wat]1 be+ c>eful n to dissolve ! aurif]\s s$im5t at ! bottom4 ,free ?is f all traces ( acid by wa%+ ) pl5ty ( boil+ wat]2 x w require #c or #d sep>ate wa%+s1 ) suffici5t "t betwe5 ea* to all[ ! wat] to cool & ! s$im5t to settle be=e p\r+ (f ! wat]4 ,!n dry 9 an iron vessel by ! fire & fuse 9 a cov]$ skittlepot ) a flux4 ,,ii4--,! collect$ old color+ ba?s are p\r$ into a suffici5tly l>ge pot1 an optional quantity ( nitro-muriatic acid is add$1 & ! pot is plac$ ov] ! fire1 dur+ :i* "t ! fluid is /irr$ ) a wood5 /ick4 ,x is tak5 f ! fire aft] a :ile1 dilut$ l>gely ) ra9 wat] & filt]$ ?r\gh co>se pap]4 ,! gold is recov]$ f ! filt]$ solution ) a solution ( gre5 vitriol :i* is /or$ 9 air-tight bottles1 !n fre%5$ ) hot wat]1 & f9ally smelt$ ) borax & a little saltpet]4 ,p>t+ ) ,conc5trat$ ,sulphuric ,acid4--,x is n necess>y scrupul\sly to obs]ve ! exact proportion ( ! gold to ! silv]4 ,aft] hav+ prep>$ ! aurif]\s silv]1 place x 9 a quantity ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid conta9$ 9 a porcela9 vessel1 & let x come to a viol5t boil4 ,:5 ! acid has ei!r become saturat$ & w dissolve no m1 or :5 solution is complete1 remove ! dissolv+ vessel f ! fire1 let x cool1 &1 = ! purpose ( cl>ify+1 p\r dilute sulphuric acid into ! solution4 ,! dissolv$ silv] is next c>efully decant$ f ! gold s$im5t ^u ! bottom1 ano!r portion ( conc5trat$ acid is p\r$ 91 & ! gold is well boil$ aga91 z x w /ill conta9 traces ( silv]2 ?is op]ation may be repeat$ z (t5 z is deem$ necess>y4 ,! solution1 p\r$ into ! glass j>s1 is well dilut$ ) wat]1 & ! silv] is !n precipitat$ by plac+ a %eet ( copp] 9 ! solution4 ,! precipitate is !n fre%5$ ) hot wat]1 :i* may also be done by wa%+ ^u ! filt]2 ! granulat$ silv] 7sulphate ( silv]7 is press$ out 9 l951 dri$ & smelt$4 ,! fre%5$ gold1 aft] dry+1 is fir/ smelt$ ) bisulphate ( soda1 9 ord] to conv]t ! la/ traces ( silv] into sulphate1 & !n smelt$ ) borax & a little saltpet]4 ,to ,remove ,gold f ,silv]4--,i4--,gold is tak5 f ! surface ( silv] by spread+ ov] x a pa/e1 made ( p[d]$ sal ammoniac ) aqua =tis & heat+ x till ! matt] smokes & is ne>ly dry1 :5 ! gold may be sep>at$ by rubb+ x ) ! scrat* bru%4 ,,ii4--,! alloy is to be melt$ & p\r$ f a height into a vessel ( cold wat]1 to :i* a rot>y motion is imp>t$1 or else x is to be p\r$ ?r\gh a broom4 ,by ?is means ! metal is r$uc$ to a f9e granul> condition4 ,! metallic sub/ance is !n treat$ ) nitric acid1 & g5tly heat$4 ,nitrate ( silv] is produc$1 :i* c be r$uc$ by any ( ! ord9>y me?ods2 :ile metallic gold rema9s z a black s$im5t1 :i* mu/ be wa%$ & melt$4 ,simple ,specific ,gravity ,te/4--,a c]ta9 quantity ( ! metal is tak5 & drawn out into a wire1 :i* is to be exactly ( ! same l5g? z "o f f9e silv]2 ( c\rse1 bo? mu/ h be5 drawn ?r\gh ! same hole1 silv] be+ ne>ly #a_/b light] ?an gold1 x is natural t ! "o ( f9e silv] mu/ be light]1 & ! increas$ weight ( ! wire "u te/ corresponds to ! p]c5tage ( gold conta9$ 9 x4 ,to ,make ,fat ,oil ,gold ,size4--,fir/ ?9 up ! fat oil ) turp5t9e to workable condition2 !n mix a little v f9ely gr\nd pigm5t ) ! gold size1 ab\t z mu* z 9 a ?9 prim+ coat4 ,make ! size z ne>ly gold color z is conv5i5t2 *rome yell[ t9t$ ) v]milion is z good z any?+ = ?is purpose4 ,!n ?9 ready = ! bru% ) turp5t9e1 & x w next be 9 ord] to run ! size ?r\gh a v f9e /ra9]4 ,add japan1 z exp]i5ce or exp]im5t may tea*1 to make x dry tacky ab\t ! "t ! leaf is to be laid4 ,dry sl[ly1 because ! sl[] ! size dries1 ! long] x w hold its prop] tack9ess :5 x is once 9 t condition4 ,to ,dissolve ,copp] f ,gold ,articles4--,take #b ounces ( proto-sulphate ( iron & dissolve x 9 #a_/b a p9t ( wat]1 !n add to x 9 p[d] #b ounces ( nitrate ( pota%2 boil ! mixture = "s "t1 & aft]w>ds p\r x into a %all[ vessel to cool & cry/allize2 !n to e "p ( ! cry/alliz$ salt add #h ounces ( muriatic acid1 & pres]ve 9 a bottle = use4 ,equal p>ts ( ! above prep>ation & ( boil+ wat] is a good proportion to use 9 dissolv+ copp]1 or #a "p by weight #chc ( nitric acid may be us$ to #d p>ts by weight ( boil+ wat] z a sub/itute4 ,,gold ,,purple4 ,i4--,! solution ( /ann\s *loride necess>y = ! prep>ation ( gold purple is produc$ by dissolv+ pure t9 9 pure hydro*loric acid 7free f iron71 9 su* a mann] t "s ( ! t9 rema9s undissolv$1 & evaporat+ ! solution1 into :i* a piece ( t9 is laid1 to cry/allization4 ,,ii4--,recipe = ,pale ,purple4--,dissolve #b p>ts by weight ( t9 9 boil+ aqua regia1 evaporate ! solution at a mod]ate heat until x becomes solid1 dissolve 9 di/ill$ wat] & add #b p>ts by weight ( a solution ( /ann\s *loride 7specific gravity #a4g7 dilute ) #i1hef p>ts by weight ( wat]1 /ir into ! liquid a solution ( gold *loride prep>$ f #j4e p>ts by weight ( gold & conta9+ no excess ( acid 7! latt] be+ br\ght ab\t by evaporat+ ! solution ( gold *loride to dryness & heat+ = "s "t to ab\t #cbj ,f474 ,?is liquid is dimm$ by ! admixture ( #ej p>ts by weight ( liquid ammonia :i* elim9ates ! purple4 ,! latt] is quickly filt]$ (f1 wa%$ out & :ile /ill moi/ rubb$ up ) ! glass pa/e4 ,?is consi/s ( enamel ( lead #bj p>ts by weight2 qu>tzose s&1 #a "p by weight2 r$ lead1 #b p>ts by weight2 & calc9$ borax1 #a "p by weight1 ) silv] c>bonate1 #c p>ts by weight4 ,,iii4--,recipe = ,d>k ,gold ,purple4--,gold solution ( #j4e p>ts by weight ( gold1 solution ( /ann\s *loride 7specific gravity #a4g7 #g4e p>ts by weight2 ?9 ) #i1hef p>ts by weight ( wat]1 sep>ate ! purple by a few drops ( sulphuric acid1 wa% out ! purple & mix same ) enamel ( lead #aj p>ts by weight & silv] c>bonate1 #j4e p>ts by weight4 ,,iv4--,recipe = ,p9k ,purple4--,gold solution ( #a "p by weight ( gold2 solution ( #ej p>ts by weight ( alum 9 #ai1gab p>ts by weight ( wat]2 add #a4e p>ts by weight ( /ann\s *loride solution 7specific gravity #a4g7 & en\gh ammonia until no m precipitate is =m$2 mix ! wa%$ out precipitate1 :ile /ill moi/1 ) #gj p>ts by weight ( enamel ( lead & #b4e p>ts by weight ( silv] c>bonate4 ,accord+ to ! composition ( ! purple v>i\s r$s are obta9$ 9 fus+ x on2 ! latt] may /ill be bright5$ up by a suitable increase ( ! flux4 ,to ,r5d] ,pale ,gold ,d>k]4--,take v]digris1 #ej p>ts by weight & v /rong v9eg>1 #ajj p>ts by weight4 ,dissolve ! v]digris 9 ! v9eg>1 rub ! pieces ) x well1 heat !m & dip !m 9 liquid ammonia dilut$ ) wat]4 ,repeat ! op]ation if ! desir$ %ade does n appe> ! fir/ "t4 ,r9se ) clean wat] & dry4 ,to ,color ,gold4--,gilt objects are improv$ by boil+ 9 ! foll[+ solution3 ,saltpet]1 #b p>ts by weight2 cook+ salt1 #a "p by weight2 alum1 #a "p by weight2 wat]1 #bd p>ts by weight2 hydro*loric acid1 #a "p by weight 7#a4ab specific gravity74 ,9 ord] to imp>t a ri* appe>ance to gilt articles1 ! foll[+ pa/e is appli$3 ,alum1 #c p>ts by weight2 saltpet]1 #b p>ts by weight2 z9c vitriol1 #a "p by weight2 cook+ salt1 #a "p by weight2 made into a pa/e ) wat]4 ,next1 heat until black1 on a hot iron plate1 wa% ) wat]1 scrat* ) v9eg> & dry aft] wa%+4 ,gold-,leaf ,/rip+4--,to secure a good job ( gild+ dep5ds l>gely = its beauty ^u ! siz+4 ,take tube *rome yell[ gr\nd 9 oil1 ?9 ) we>+ body v>ni%1 & temp] x ready = use ) turp5t9e4 ,apply 9 ! ev5+ ) an ox-tail /rip]1 & let x /& until ! next morn+1 :51 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 x w be ready = ! gold leaf1 etc4 ,aft] ! gild+ is done1 let ! job /& #bd h\rs be=e v>ni%+4 ,composition ( ,aqua ,=tis = ! ,t\*-,/one4--,foll[+ are ! ?ree compositions mo/ly 9 use3 ,i4--,nitric acid1 #cj p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #c p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #bj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,nitric acid1 #ihj p>ts by weight2 hydro*loric acid1 #bj p>ts by weight4 ,,iii4--,nitric acid1 #abc p>ts by weight2 hydro*loric acid1 #b p>ts by weight4 ,to ,remove ,s(t ,sold] f ,gold4--,place ! "w 9 spirits ( salts 7hydro*loric acid7 or remove z mu* z possible ) ! scrap]1 us+ a g5tle heat to remove ! sold] m easily4 ,tipp+ ,gold ,p5s4--,gold p5s are usually tipp$ ) iridium4 ,?is is done by sold]+ v small pieces to ! po9ts & fil+ to ! prop] %ape4 ,to ,recognize ,:e!r an ,article is ,gilt4--,simply t\* ! object ) a glass rod previ\sly dipp$ into a solution ( bi*loride ( copp]4 ,if ! article has be5 gilt ! spot t\*$ %\ld rema9 intact1 :ile x pres5ts a #chd br[n /a9 if no gold has be5 deposit$ on its surface4 ,to ,burni% ,gilt ,"w4--,ale has prov$ a v good sub/itute = soap & wat] 9 burni%+ gilt z x increases ! ease & smoo?ness ) :i* x is accompli%$4 ,v9eg> is a some:at poor] sub/itute = ale4 ,:ite-,gold ,plates ,)\t ,sold]4--,! gold s]v+ z a backgr\nd = :ite-gold is roll$ 9 ! desir$ dim5sions & !n made p]fectly ev5 "u a p[]ful press4 ,x is !n c>efully treat$ ) a file until a p]fectly smoo? surface is obta9$4 ,aft] a :ite-gold plate ( ! requir$ ?ickness has be5 produc$ 9 ! same mann]1 ! surfaces ( ! two plates to be unit$ are coat$ ) borax & !n press$ toge!r by ma*9e1 :i* causes ! h>d] metal to be squeez$ slightly into ! surface ( ! o!r1 furni%+ a m solid & compact mass4 ,! metals1 n[ p>tially unit$1 are firmly fa/5$ toge!r by means ( /rong iron wire & a little m borax solution is put on ! edges4 ,!n heat to ! temp]ature necess>y = a complete adhesion1 b ! heat mu/ n be s great z to cause an alloyage by fus+4 ,! :ole is f9ally roll$ out into ! requir$ ?ickness4 ,to ,fuse ,gold ,du/4--,use su* a crucible z is g5]ally us$ = melt+ brass2 heat v hot2 !n add ! gold du/ mix$ ) p[d]$ borax2 aft] "s "t a scum or slag w be on top1 :i* may be ?ick5$ by ! addition ( a little lime or bone a%4 ,if ! du/ conta9s any ( ! m oxidizable metals1 add a little nit]1 & skim (f ! slag or scum v c>efully2 :5 melt$1 grasp ! crucible ) /rong iron tongs1 & p\r (f imm$iately into molds1 slightly greas$4 ,! slag & crucibles may be aft]w>ds pulv]iz$1 & ! aurif]\s matt] recov]$ f ! mass ?r\gh cupellation by means ( lead4 ,,gold ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,gold1 ,,extraction ,,(1 ,,by ,,amalgamation3 ,see ,amalgams4 ,,gold ,,lett]s ,,on ,,glass1 ,,cem5ts ,,= ,,affix+3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,sign-,lett] ,cem5ts4 ,,gold1 ,,r$uction ,,( ,,old ,,photographic3 ,see ,photography4 ,,gold ,,foil ,,sub/itutes ,,& ,,gold ,,leaf3 ,see ,metal ,foil4 ,,gold-,,leaf ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,gold ,,leaf ,,& ,,its ,,application3 ,see ,pa9ts4 ,,gold ,,plat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,gold1 ,,recov]y ,,( ,,wa/e3 ,see ,jewel]s' ,=mulas4 ,,gold ,,r5ovator3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,gold1 ,,sep>ation ,,( ,,plat9um ,,f3 ,see ,plat9um4 ,,gold ,,sold]s3 ,see ,sold]s4 ,,gold ,,te/+3 ,see ,jewel]s' ,=mulas4 ,,gold ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,goldwass]3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,gong ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,gra94 ,=mal9 ,treatm5t ( ,se$ ,gra9 = ,smut4--,smut is a p>asitic fungus1 & spr+s f a spore 7:i* corresponds to a se$ 9 high] plants74 ,?is g]m9ates :5 ! gra9 is se$$ &1 p5etrat+ ! little gra9 plant :5 b a few days old1 gr[s up )9 ! gra9 /em4 ,aft] ent]+ ! /em !re is no evid5ce ( its pres5ce until ! gra9 beg9s to head4 ,at ?is "t ! smut plant robs ! develop+ k]nels ( _! n\ri%m5t & rip5s a mass ( smut spores4 ,^! spores usually rip5 be=e ! gra91 & are bl[n ab\t ! field1 _m spores becom+ lodg$ on ! rip5+ gra9 k]nels4 ,! :olesale ag5t ( infection is ! ?re%+ ma*9e4 ,= ?is reason ! safe/ plan is to treat all se$ :eat & oats ea* ye>4 ,secure a #dj p] c5t solution ( =mal9 7! comm]cial "n = =maldehyde gas held 9 a wat] solution74 ,ab\t #a ounce is requir$ = e #e bu%els ( gra9 to be treat$4 #che ,clean (f a space on ! b>n floor or sweep a clean space on ! h>d level gr\nd & lay a good-siz$ canvas d[n1 on :i* to spread out ! :eat4 ,see t ! place :]e ! gra9 is to be treat$ is swept clean & ?or\ghly spr9kl$ ) ! =mal9 solution be=e plac+ ! se$ gra9 !re4 ,prep>e ! =mal9 solution imm$iately be=e use1 z x is volatile1 & if kept may disappe> by evaporation4 ,use #d ounces ( =mal9 = #aj gallons ( wat]4 ,?is is suffici5t = #fjj p\nds ( gra94 ,put ! solution 9 a b>rel or tub1 ?or\ghly mix+4 ,! solution c be appli$ ) ! g>d5 spr9kl]4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to moi/5 ! gra9 ?or\ghly4 ,spr9kle1 /ir ! gra9 up ?or\ghly & spr9kle aga91 until e k]nel is wet4 ,aft] spr9kl+1 place ! gra9 9 a conical pile & cov] ) horse-blankets1 gunny sacks1 etc4 ,! smut t does ! damage lies j "u ! glume ( ! oats or on ! basal hairs ( ! :eat4 ,cov]+ ! treat$ gra9 holds ! gas f ! =mal9 )9 ! pile1 :]e x comes 9 contact ) ! k]nels1 kill+ su* smut spores z may h surviv$ ! previ\s treatm5t4 ,aft] ! gra9 has rema9$ 9 a cov]$ pile #b to #d h\rs1 spread x out aga9 :]e ! w9d c bl[ ov] x1 to air & dry4 ,z soon z ! gra9 c be tak5 9 ! h& )\t ! k]nels /ick+ toge!r1 x c be s[n 9 ! field4 ,! gra9 may be treat$ 9 ! =5oon & se$$ 9 ! aft]noon4 ,s9ce ?is treatm5t swells ! k]nels x ha/5s g]m9ation & %\ld be done 9 ! spr+ j be=e se$+ "t4 ,:ile ! copp] sulphate or blue/one treatm5t is valuable 9 kill+ smut1 ! =mal9 treatm5t c be giv5 9 less "t1 is appli$ s easily & is s effectual t x is recomm5d$ z a sure & ready means ( kill+ smut 9 :eat & oats4 ,,gra9+ ,,crayons3 ,see ,crayons4 ,,gra9+ ,,colors3 ,see ,pigm5ts4 ,,gra9+ ,,) ,,pa9t3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,gra9+1 ,,palis&]3 ,see ,palis&]4 ,,grape ,,juice1 ,,pres]vation ,,(3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,graphite ,,z ,a ,,lubricant3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,gravel ,,walks4 ,= clean+ gravel walks any ( ! foll[+ may be us$3 ,i4--,gas-t> liquor4 ,,ii4--,rock salt 7cattle salt74 ,,iii4--,hydro*loric acid4 ,,iv4--,sulphuric acid4 ,v4--,fre% limewat]4 ,! gas-t> liquor mu/ be p\r$ out a few times 9 succession1 & mu/ n t\* ! tree roots & bord]s ( ! pa?s4 ,?is m$ium is *eap4 ,cattle salt mu/ likewise be ?r[n out repeat$ly4 ,! use ( hydro*loric & sulphuric acids is some:at exp5sive4 ,mix #fj p>ts ( wat] ) #aj p>ts ( unslak$ lime & #a "p ( sulphuric acid 9 a kettle1 & spr9kle ! hot or cold mixture on ! walks by means ( a wat]+ pot4 ,if limewat] is us$ alone x mu/ be fre%--#a "p ( unslak$ lime 9 #aj p>ts ( wat]4 ,,grav]s3 ,to ,prep>e ,grav]s = ,bright-,cutt+4--,set ! grav]s aft] ! %>p5+ on ! oil/one on high-grade em]y 7tripoli7 pap]4 ,next1 hone !m fur!r on ! r\ge lea!r1 b )\t te>+ ?reads f x4 ,9 ?is mann] ! silv] & alum9um engrav]s gr9d _! grav]s4 ,a subsequ5t :ett+ ( ! grav] on ! t\*/one is n advisable1 s9ce x is too easily injur$ !reby4 ,a grav] prep>$ z describ$ gives excell5t bright engrav+ & nev] fails4 ,9 all bright-cutt+ ! grav] mu/ be highly poli%$2 b :5 bright-cutt+ alum9um a lubricant l coal-oil or vasel9e is g5]ally employ$ ) ! poli%$ tool2 a mixture ( vasel9e & b5z9e is also us$ = ?is purpose4 ,ano!r =mula :i* may be recomm5d$ = bright-cutt+ alum9um is compos$ ( ! foll[+ +r$i5ts3 ,mix #d p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e & #a "p ( rum ) #a ounce ( /e>9e4 ,imm]se ! grav] 9 any ( ! mixtures be=e mak+ ! bright-cut4 ,,greases3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,grease ,,eradicators3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 #chf ,,grease ,,pa9ts3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,gre51 ,,to ,,di/+ui% ,,blue ,,f1 ,,at ,,night3 ,see ,blue4 ,,gre5 ,,gild+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,gr5ades3 ,see ,fire ,ext+ui%]s4 ,,gr9d+3 ,see ,tool ,sett+4 ,,gr9d] ,,disk ,,cem5t1 ,,sub/itute ,,=3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,gr9d/ones3 ,to ,m5d ,gr9d/ones4--,! m5d+ ( defective places 9 gr9d/ones is be/ done ) a mass consi/+ ( e>?-wax 7s-call$ /one-pit*71 #e p>ts1 by weight2 t>1 #a "p2 & p[d]$ s&/one or cem5t1 #c p>ts1 :i* is heat$ to ! boil+ po9t & well /irr$ toge!r4 ,be=e p\r+ 9 ! mass ! places to be m5d$ mu/ be heat$ by lay+ r$-hot pieces ( iron on !m4 ,! sub/ance is1 9 a t\gh /ate1 p\r$ into ! holl[s ( ! /one1 & ! p\r+ mu/ be cont9u$1 :5 x comm5ces to solidify1 until ev5 ) ! surface4 ,treatm5t ( ! ,gr9d/one4--,! /one %\ld n be left ) ! l[] "p 9 ! wat]4 ,?is w r5d] x brittle at ?is spot1 caus+ x to we> (f m quickly & ?us lose its circul>ity4 ,x is be/ to moi/5 ! /one only :5 9 use1 drop by drop f a vessel fix$ above x & to keep x q dry o!rwise4 ,if ! /one is no long] r\nd1 x %\ld be made s aga9 by turn+ by means ( a piece ( gas pipe or c>eful trimm+1 o!rwise x w comm5ce to jump1 ?us becom+ useless4 ,x is important to clean all tools & articles be=e gr9d+1 c>efully remov+ all grease1 fat1 etc41 z ! pores ( ! /one become clogg$ ) ^! impurities1 :i* de/roy its gra9 & dim9i% its /r5g?4 ,%\ld "o side ( ! gr9d/one be light]1 ?is irregul>ity c be equaliz$ by affix+ pieces ( lead1 s z to obta9 a uni=m motion ( ! /one4 ,x is ess5tial t ! /one %\ld be firm on ! axis & n move to & fro 9 ! be>+s4 ,gr9d/one ,oil4--,compla9ts are (t5 he>d t gr9d/ones are occasionally h>d] on "o side ?an ! o!r1 ! s(t] p>ts we>+ away 9 holl[s1 :i* r5d] gr9d+ difficult1 & soon make ! /one useless4 ,?is defect c be rem$i$ completely by means ( boil$ l9se$ oil4 ,:5 ! /one is ?or\ghly dry1 ! s(t side is turn$ upp]mo/1 & bru%$ ov] ) boil$ oil1 :i* s9ks into ! /one1 until ! latt] is saturat$4 ,! op]ation takes ab\t #c to #d h\rs 9 summ]4 ,z soon z ! oil has dri$1 ! /one may be damp$1 & us$ )\t any fur!r delay4 ,unlike o!r simil> rem$ies1 ?is "o does n prev5t ! /one f bit+ prop]ly 9 ! oil$ p>ts1 & ! life ( ! /one is consid]ably l5g!n$1 s9ce x does n h to be dress$ s (t54 ,,gr\nds ,,= ,,gra9+ ,,colors3 ,see ,pigm5ts4 ,,gums3 7,see also ,adhesives1 "u ,mucilages47 ,gums1 _! ,solubility 9 ,alcohol4--,! foll[+ table %[s ! great range ( solubility ( ! v>i\s gums1 & ( v>i\s specim5s ( ! same gum1 9 #fj p] c5t alcohol3 ,acajon #f4id to #db4ib ,ad5 #j4fj to #bf4ij ,egyptian #df4cd ,yell[ ,amrad #bf4ij to #cb4af ,:ite ,amrad #j4ed to #a4ej ,kord(an #a4dj to #f4jf ,au/ralian #aj4fg to #bj4he ,bombay #bb4jf to #df4ad ,cape #a4fg to #a4hh ,embavi #be4ib ,g$da #a4bd to #a4cj ,ghatti #ca4fj to #gj4cb ,ghezi]eh #a4ej to #ab4af ,halebi #c4gj to #bb4fj ,la ,plata #i4fe ,mogadore #bg4ff ,ea/ ,indian #c4bd to #gd4hd ,p]sian #a4gd to #ag4cd ,s5egal #j4ef to #ad4cj ,sub/itute = ,gum ,arabic4--,dissolve #bej p>ts ( glue 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( boil+ wat] & heat ?is glue solution on ! wat] ba? ) a mixture ( ab\t #aj p>ts ( b>ium p]oxide ( #ge p] c5t ,ba,o#b & #e p>ts ( sulphuric acid 7#ff7 mix$ ) #aae p>ts ( wat]1 = ab\t #bd h\rs4 ,aft] ! "t has elaps$1 p\r (f f ! b>ium sulphate1 :]eby a little sulphur\s acid results ow+ to r$uction ( ! sulphuric acid1 :i* has a blea*+ action & makes ! glue some:at pal]4 ,if ?is solution is mix$1 ) /irr+1 & dri$ ^u glass plates 9 ! dry+-room1 a product :i* c h>dly be #chg di/+ui%$ f gum arabic is obta9$4 ,an envelope seal$ ) ?is mucilage _c be op5$ by moi/5+ ! envelope4 ,! traces ( free acid :i* x conta9s prev5t ! invasion ( bact]ia1 h5ce all putrefaction4 ,! adhesive p[] ( ! artificial gum is s enorm\s t ! use ( cork /opp]s is q exclud$1 s9ce !y crumble (f e "t ! bottle is op5$1 s t f9ally a p]fect wrea? ar\nd ! inn] neck ( ! bottle is =m$4 ,only metallic or porcela9 /opp]s %\ld be us$4 ,,gum ,,arabic1 ,,increas+ ,,adhesion ,,(3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,mucilages4 ,,gum ,,bi*romate ,,process3 ,see ,photography4 ,,gum ,,drops3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,gum-,,lac3 ,see ,oil4 ,,gums ,,us$ ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,gun ,,b>rels1 ,,to ,,blue3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,gun ,,bronze3 ,see ,alloys1 "u ,phosphor ,bronze4 ,,gun ,,cotton3 ,see ,explosives4 ,,gun ,,lubricants3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,gunp[d]3 ,see ,explosives4 ,,gunp[d] ,,/a9s4 ,a /a9 produc$ by ! emb$d+ ( gra9s ( gunp[d] 9 ! sk9 is practically ! same ?+ z a tattoo m>k4 ,! *>coal ( ! gunp[d] rema9s unaffect$ by ! fluids ( ! tissues1 & no way is kn[n ( br++ x into solution !re4 ,! only me?od ( oblit]at+ su* m>ks is to take away ) !m ! sk9 9 :i* !y are emb$d$4 ,?is has be5 accompli%$ by ! application ( an electric curr5t1 & by ! use ( cau/ics4 ,:5 ! de/ruction ( ! true sk9 has be5 accompli%$1 x becomes a =eign body1 & if ! de/ruction has ext5d$ to a suffici5t dep?1 ! o!r =eign body1 ! color+ matt] :i* has be5 tattoo$ 91 may be expect$ to be ca/ (f ) x4 ,rec5tly peps9 & papa9 h be5 propos$ z applications to remove ! cuticle4 ,a glyc]ole ( ei!r is tattoo$ into ! sk9 ov] ! disfigur$ "p2 & x is said t ! op]ation has prov$ successful4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to say t suppuration is likely to foll[ su* treatm5t1 & t !re is risk ( sc>r+4 ,9 view ( ?is x becomes app>5t t any su* op]ation %\ld be und]tak5 only by a surgeon skill$ 9 d]matological practice4 ,an amateur might n only cause ! pati5t suff]+ )\t success 9 removal1 b add ano!r disfigurem5t to ! tattoo+4 ,c>bolic acid has be5 appli$ to small portions ( ! affect$ area at a "t1 ) ! result t ! p[d] & sk9 7 remov$ simultane\sly &1 accord+ to ! physician report+ ! case1 ) little discom=t to ! pati5t4 ,rubb+ ! affect$ "p ) moi/5$ ammonium *loride once or twice a day has be5 report$ z a sl[ b sure cure4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a4 ,gutta-,p]*a ,sub/itute4--,i4--,a decoction ( bir* b>k is fir/ prep>$1 ! ext]nal b>k by pref]5ce1 be+ evaporat$4 ,! ?ick1 black residue h>d5s on exposure to ! air1 & is said to possess ! prop]ties ( gutta-p]*a )\t develop+ any cracks4 ,x c be mix$ ) #ej p] c5t ( ,india rubb] or gutta-p]*a4 ,! comp\nd is said to be *eap1 & a good non-conductor ( electricity4 ,:e!r x possesses all ! good qualities ( gutta-p]*a is n kn[n4 ,,ii4--,a new me?od ( mak+ gutta-p]*a consi/s ( ca\t*\c & a ros9 soap1 ! latt] comp\nd$ ( #ajj p>ts ( ros91 #ajj p>ts ( ,c>nauba wax1 & #dj p>ts ( gas-t>1 melt$ toge!r & pass$ ?r\gh a sieve4 ,!y are heat$ to ab\t #cee to #cdj ,f41 & sl[ly saponifi$ by /irr+ ) #ge p>ts ( limewat] ( specific gravity #a4jf4 ,! product is next put into a knead+ ma*9e along ) an equal quantity ( ca\t*\c cutt+s1 & work$ 9 ?is ma*9e at a temp]ature ( #aie ,f4 or ov]4 ,:5 suffici5tly knead$1 ! mass c be roll$ to r5d] x m uni=m4 ,,gutt] ,,cem5t3 ,see ,cem5t & ,putty4 ,,gypsum3 ,see also ,pla/]4 ,me?od ( ,h>d5+ ,gypsum & ,r5d]+ x ,wea!r-,pro(4--,gypsum possesses only a mod]ate degree ( /r5g? ev5 aft] complete h>d5+1 #chh & pieces are v liable to be brok5 (f4 ,v>i\s me?ods h be5 tri$1 ) a view to remov+ ?is defect & increas+ ! h>dness ( gypsum4 ,( ^! me?ods1 t ( ,wa*smu?1 = h>d5+ articles made ( gypsum & r5d]+ !m wea!r-pro(1 des]ves special notice4 ,all me?ods ( h>d5+ articles made ( gypsum h ?is 9 common3 ! gypsum is fir/ depriv$ ( its moi/ure1 & !n imm]s$ 9 a solution ( c]ta9 salts1 su* z alum1 gre5 vitriol1 etc4 ,articles treat$ by ! me?ods hi!rto 9 vogue c]ta9ly acquire consid]able h>dness1 b are no m capable ( resi/ance to ! effects ( wat] ?an crude gypsum4 ,! object ( ,wa*smu?'s process is n m]ely to h>d5 ! gypsum1 b to trans=m x on ! surface into insoluble comb9ations4 ,! process is z foll[s3 ,! article is fir/ put into ! requir$ %ape by me*anical means1 & !n depriv$ ( its moi/ure by heat+ to #bab to #cjb ,f4 ,x is !n plung$ into a heat$ solution ( b>ium hydrate1 9 :i* x is all[$ to rema9 = a long] or %ort] "t1 accord+ to its /r5g?4 ,:5 ?is "p ( ! process is complete1 ! article is smoo!d by gr9d+1 etc41 & !n plac$ 9 a solution ( ab\t #aj p] c5t ( oxalic acid 9 wat]4 ,9 a few h\rs x is tak5 out1 dri$1 & poli%$4 ,x !n possesses a h>dness surpass+ t ( m>ble1 & is imp]vi\s to ! action ( wat]4 ,nor does ! poli% su/a9 any injury f contact ) wat]1 :]eas gypsum articles h>d5$ by ! usual me?ods lose _! poli% aft] a few m9utes' imm]sion 9 wat]4 ,articles treat$ by ! me?od describ$ h ! natural color ( gypsum1 b x is possible to add a color to ! gypsum dur+ ! h>d5+ process4 ,?is is done by plung+ ! gypsum1 aft] x has be5 depriv$ ( its moi/ure1 & be=e ! treatm5t ) ! b>ium solution1 into a solution ( a color$ metallic sulphate1 su* z iron1 copp]1 or *rome sulphate1 or into a solution ( "s color+ matt]4 ,pigm5ts soluble 9 ! b>ium or oxalic-acid solutions may also be add$ to ! latt]4 ,gypsum may be h>d5$ & r5d]$ insoluble by ammonium borate z foll[s3 ,dissolve boric acid 9 hot wat] & add suffici5t ammonia wat] to ! solution t ! borate at fir/ sep>at$ is r$issolv$4 ,! gypsum to be ca/ is /irr$ 9 ) ?is liquid1 & ! mass treat$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,articles already ca/ are simply wa%$ ) ! liquid1 :i* is quickly absorb$4 ,! articles )/& ! wea!r z well z ?\gh !y 7 ( /one4 ,,gypsum ,,fl[]s3 ,see ,fl[]s4 ,,gypsum1 ,,pa9t ,,=3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,hair ,,= ,,m\nt+4 ,! microscopi/ or amateur1 :o %aves himself1 ne$ nev] resort to ! tr\ble ( emb$d+ & cutt+ hairs 9 ! microtome 9 ord] to secure v ?9 sections ( ! hair ( ! face4 ,if he w fir/ %ave himself closely 8) ! hair10 z ! b>b]s say 7i4 e41 9 ! direction ( ! natural gr[? ( ! hair71 & aft]w>ds lightly 8aga9/ ! hair0 79 ! opposite direction to above71 he w f9d 9 ! 8scrap+s0 a multitude ( exce$+ly ?9 sections4 ,! te*nique is v simple4 ,! la!r & 8scrap+s0 are put into a sauc] or l>ge wat*-glass & c>efully wa%$ ) clean wat]4 ,?is breaks d[n & dissolves ! la!r1 leav+ ! hair sections ly+ on ! bottom ( ! glass4 ,! aft]-treatm5t is t usually employ$ 9 m\nt+ simil> objects4 ,hair ,prep>ations ,,d&ruff ,,cures4 ,! treatm5t ( t condition ( ! scalp :i* is productive ( d&ruff prop]ly falls to ! physician1 b un=tunately ! subject has n be5 mu* /udi$4 ,"o cure is said to be a sulphur lotion made by plac+ a little sublim$ sulphur 9 wat]1 %ak+ well1 !n all[+ to settle1 & wa%+ ! head e morn+ ) ! cle> liquid4 ,sulphur is said to be insoluble 9 wat]2 yet a sulphur wat] made z above indicat$ has long be5 9 use z a hair wa%4 ,a little glyc]9e improves ! prep>ation1 prev5t+ ! hair f becom+ h>% by repeat$ wa%+s4 ,! exfoliat$ p>ticles ( sk9 or 8scales0 %\ld be remov$ only :5 entirely deta*$ f ! cuticle4 ,!y result f an irritation :i* is increas$ by =cible removal1 & h5ce endeavors to clean ! hair f !m by comb+ or bru%+ x 9 su* a way z to scrape ! scalp are liable to be worse ?an useless4 ,x foll[s t g5tle h&l+ ( ! hair is important :5 d&ruff is pres5t4 #chi ,i4--,*loral hydrate #b ounces ,resorc9 #a ounce ,tann9 #a ounce ,alcohol #h ounces ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,rose wat] to make #d p9ts ,,ii4--,:ite wax #c #a_/b dra*ms ,liquid petrolatum #b #a_/b ounces ,rose wat] #a ounce ,borax #ae gra9s ,precipitat$ sulphur #c #a_/b dra*ms ,p9e-,t> ,d&ruff ,%ampoo4-- ,p9e t> #d p>ts ,l9se$ oil #dj p>ts ,heat ^! to #adj ,f42 make solution ( potassa1 ,u4 ,s4 ,p41 #aj p>ts1 & wat]1 #de p>ts2 add alcohol1 #e p>ts1 & gradually add to ! heat$ oils1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,cont9ue ! heat until saponifi$ ?or\ghly2 & make up ) wat] to #abh p>ts4 ,:5 almo/ cool1 add ol4 lav5d]1 ol4 orange1 & ol4 b]gamot1 ( ea* #b p>ts4 ,,hair-,,curl+ ,,liquids4 ,x is impossible to r5d] /raight hair curly )\t ! aid ( ! iron or pap] & o!r curl]s4 ,b x is possible1 on ! o!r h&1 to make artificial curls m durable & pro( aga9/ outside influ5ces1 su* z especially dampness ( ! air4 ,bel[ are tru/wor?y recipes3 ,i ,,ii ,wat] #gj #hj ,_s ( w9e #cj #bj ,borax #b -- ,t9cture ( b5zo9 -- #c ,p]fume ad4 lib4 ad4 lib4 ,,hair ,,dress+s ,,& ,,wa%es3 ,dress+s = ! ,hair4-- ,i4--,oil ( w9t]gre54 #bj drops ,oil ( almond1 ess5tial #ce drops ,oil ( rose1 e!real #a drop ,oil ( violets #cj drops ,t9cture ( can?>ides #ej drops ,almond oil #b1jjj drops ,mix4 ,hair ,embrocation4-- ,,ii4--,almond oil1 sweet #bhj p>ts ,_s ( sal ammoniac #bhj p>ts ,_s ( rosem>y #hdj p>ts ,honey wat] #hdj p>ts ,mix4 ,rub ! scalp ) x e morn+ by means ( a sponge4 ,hair ,re/or]4-- ,,iii4--,t9cture ( can?>ides #g p>ts ,gall t9cture #g p>ts ,musk ess5ce #a "p ,c>m9e #j4e "p ,rectifi$ _s ( w9e #bh p>ts ,rose wat] #adj p>ts ,to be us$ at night4 ,rosem>y ,wat]4-- ,,iv4--,rosem>y oil #a #a_/b p>ts ,rectifi$ _s ( w9e #g p>ts ,magnesia #g p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,mix ! oil ) ! _s ( w9e & rub up ) ! magnesia 9 a mort>2 gradually add ! wat] & f9ally filt]4 ,foamy ,scalp ,wa%4--,mix #b p>ts ( soap _s1 #a "p ( borax-glyc]9e 7#ab71 #f p>ts ( b>ium1 & #g p>ts ( orange-fl[] wat]4 ,lanol9 ,hair ,wa%4--,extract #d p>ts quillaia b>k ) #cf p>ts wat] = sev]al days1 mix ! p]colate ) #d p>ts alcohol1 & filt] aft] hav+ settl$4 ,agitate #dj p>ts ( ! filtrate at a temp]ature at :i* wool grease becomes liquid1 ) #ab p>ts anhydr\s lanol91 & fill up ) wat] to :i* #ae p] c5t _s ( w9e has be5 add$1 to #cjj p>ts4 ,admixture1 su* z c9*ona extract1 ,p]u balsam1 qu99e1 t9cture ( can?>ides1 bay-oil1 ammonium c>bonate1 m5?ol1 etc41 may be made4 ,! result is a yell[i%-:ite1 milky liquid1 ) a cream-l fat lay] float+ on ! top1 :i* is f9ely di/ribut$ by agitat+4 ,bir* ,wat]4--,bir* wat]1 :i* has _m cosmetic applications1 especially z a hair wa% or an +r$i5t 9 hair wa%es1 may be prep>$ z foll[s3 ,alcohol1 #if p] c5t #c1ejj p>ts ,wat] #gjj p>ts ,pota% soap #bjj p>ts ,glyc]9e #aej p>ts ,oil ( bir* buds #ej p>ts ,ess5ce ( spr+ fl[]s #ajj p>ts ,*lorophyll1 q4 s4 to color4 ,mix ! wat] ) #gjj p>ts ( ! alcohol1 & 9 ! mixture dissolve ! soap4 ,add ! ess5ce ( spr+ fl[]s & bir* oil to ! rema9d] ( ! alcohol1 mix well1 & to ! mixture add1 little by little1 & ) con/ant agitation1 ! soap mixture4 ,f9ally #cij add ! glyc]9e1 mix ?or\ghly1 & set aside = #h days1 filt] & color ! filtrate ) *lorophyll1 to :i* add a little t9cture ( saffron4 ,to use1 add an equal volume ( wat] to produce a la!r4 ,petroleum ,hair ,wa%es4--,i4--,deodoriz$ pale petroleum1 #aj p>ts2 citronella oil1 #aj p>ts2 ca/or oil1 #e p>ts2 _s ( w9e1 #ij p] c5t1 #ej p>ts2 wat]1 #ge p>ts4 ,,ii4--,qu99e sulphate1 #aj p>ts2 acetic acid1 #d p>ts2 t9cture ( can?>ides1 #cj p>ts2 t9cture ( qu99e1 #c p>ts2 _s ( rosem>y1 #fj p>ts2 balm wat]1 #ij p>ts2 b>ium1 #abj p>ts2 _s ( w9e1 #aej p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,,iii4--,v pure petroleum1 #a "p2 almond oil1 #b p>ts4 ,brilliant9e4--,i4--,olive oil1 #d p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #c p>ts2 alcohol1 #c p>ts2 sc5t z desir$4 ,%ake be=e use4 ,,ii4--,ca/or oil1 #a "p2 alcohol1 #b p>ts2 saffron to dye yell[4 ,sc5t z desir$4 ,,iii4--,l>d1 #g p>ts2 sp]maceti1 #g p>ts2 almond oil1 #g p>ts2 :ite wax1 #a "p4 ,a ,*eap ,hair ,oil4--,i4--,sesame oil or sunfl[] oil1 #a1jjj p>ts2 lav5d] oil1 #ae p>ts2 b]gamot oil1 #aj p>ts2 & g]anium oil1 #e p>ts4 ,,ii4--,sesame oil or sunfl[] oil1 #a1jjj p>ts2 lav5d] oil1 #ab p>ts2 lemon oil1 #bj p>ts2 rosem>y oil1 #e p>ts2 & g]anium oil1 #b p>ts4 ,,hair ,,dyes4 ,!re is no hair dye :i* produces a durable coloration2 ! color becomes gradually weak] 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,"h are "s typical =mulas 9 :i* a mordant is employ$3 ,i4--,nitrate ( silv] #a_/b ounce ,di/ill$ wat] #c ounces ,mordant3 ,sulphuret ( potassium #a_/b ounce ,di/ill$ wat] #c ounces ,,ii4-- 7a7 ,nitrate ( silv] 7cry/al7 #a #a_/b ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #ab ounces ,ammonia wat] suffici5t to make a cle> solution4 ,dissolve ! nitrate ( silv] 9 ! wat] & add ! ammonia wat] until ! precipitate is r$issolv$4 7b7 ,pyrogallic acid #b dra*ms ,gallic acid #b dra*ms ,cologne wat] #b ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #d ounces ,,iii4--,nitrate ( silv] #bj gra9s ,sulphate ( copp] #b gra9s ,ammonia1 quantity suffici5t4 ,dissolve ! salts 9 #a_/b ounce ( wat] & add ammonia until ! precipitate :i* is =m$ is r$issolv$1 ,!n make up to #a ounce ) wat]4 ,apply to ! hair ) a bru%4 ,?is solution sl[ly gives a br[n %ade4 ,= d>k] %ades1 apply a second solution1 compos$ (3 ,,iv4--,yell[ sulphide ammonium #b dra*ms ,solution ( ammonia #a dra*m ,di/ill$ wat] #a ounce ,black ,hair ,dye )\t ,silv]4-- ,v4--,pyrogallic acid #c4e p>ts ,citric acid #j4c p>ts ,boro-glyc]9e #aa p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,if ! dye does n imp>t ! desir$ int5sity ( color1 ! am\nt ( pyrogallic acid may be increas$4 ,! wa% is appli$ ev5+s1 foll[$ 9 ! morn+ by a weak ammoniacal wa%4 ,"o ,bottle ,prep>ation4-- ,,vi4--,nitrate ( copp] #cfj gra9s ,nitrate ( silv] #g ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #fj ounces ,wat] ( ammonia1 a suffici5cy4 ,dissolve ! salts 9 ! wat] & add ! wat] ( ammonia c>efully until ! precipitate is all r$issolv$4 ,?is solution1 prop]ly appli$1 is said to produce a v black color2 a light] %ade is secur$ by dilut+ ! solution4 ,copp] sulphate may be us$ in/ead ( ! nitrate4 ,br[n ,hair ,dyes4--,a l>ge excess ( ammonia t5ds to produce a br[ni% dye4 ,v>i\s %ades ( br[n may be produc$ by increas+ ! am\nt ( wat] 9 ! silv] solution4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! hair mu/1 previ\sly to treatm5t1 be wa%$ ) w>m wat] conta9+ sodium c>bonate1 well r9s$ ) cle> wat]1 & dri$4 ,i4--,silv] nitrate #dhj gra9s ,copp] nitrate #ij gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #h fluid\nces ,ammonia wat]1 suffici5t4 ,dissolve ! two salts 9 ! di/ill$ wat] & add ! ammonia wat] until ! liquid becomes a cle> fluid4 ,9 us+ apply to ! hair c>efully #cia ) a too?-bru%1 aft] ?or\ghly cleans+ ! hair1 & expose ! latt] to ! rays ( ! sun4 ,,ii4--,silv] nitrate #cj p>ts ,copp] sulphate1 cry/als #bj p>ts ,citric acid #bj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #iej p>ts ,ammonia wat]1 quantity suffici5t to dissolve ! precipitate fir/ =m$4 ,v>i\s %ades ( br[n may be produc$ by prop]ly dilut+ ! solution be=e x be appli$4 ,bismu? subnitrate #bjj gra9s ,wat] #b fluid\nces ,nitric acid1 suffici5t to dissolve1 or ab\t #dbj gra9s ,use heat to effect solution4 ,also3 ,t>t>ic acid #aej gra9s ,sodium bic>bonate #afh gra9s ,wat] #cb fluid\nces ,:5 eff]vesc5ce ( ! latt] has ceas$1 mix ! cold liquids by p\r+ ! latt] into ! =m] ) con/ant /irr+4 ,all[ ! precipitate to subside2 transf] x to a filt] or /ra9]1 & wa% ) wat] until free f ! sodium nitrate =m$4 ,*e/nut ,hair ,dye4-- ,bismu? nitrate #bcj gra9s ,t>t>ic acid #ge gra9s ,wat] #ajj m9ims ,dissolve ! acid 9 ! wat]1 & to ! solution add ! bismu? nitrate & /ir until dissolv$4 ,p\r ! result+ solution into #a p9t ( wat] & collect ! magma on a filt]4 ,remove all traces ( acid f ! magma by repeat$ wa%+s ) wat]2 !n dissolve x 93 ,ammonia wat] #b fluidra*ms ,& add3 ,glyc]9e #bj m9ims ,sodium hyposulphite #ge gra9s ,wat]1 en\gh to make #d fluid\nces4 ,,hair ,,re/or]s ,,& ,,tonics3 ,fall+ ( ! ,hair4--,aft] ! scalp has be5 ?or\ghly cleans$ by ! %ampoo1 ! foll[+ =mula is to be us$3 ,salicylic acid #a "p ,precipitate ( sulphur #b #a_/b p>ts ,rose wat] #be p>ts ,! pati5t is direct$ to "p ! hair1 & !n to rub 9 a small portion ( ! o9tm5t along ! "p1 work+ x well into ! scalp4 ,!n ano!r "p is made p>allel to ! fir/1 & m o9tm5t rubb$ 94 ,?us a s]ies ( fir/1 longitud9al1 & !n transv]se p>ts are made1 until ! :ole scalp has be5 well ano9t$4 ,done 9 ?is way1 x is n necess>y to sme> up ! :ole %aft ( ! hair1 b only to rea* ! hair roots & ! sebace\s gl&s1 :]e ! tr\ble is locat$4 ,?is process is ?or\ghly p]=m$ = six successive nights1 & ! sev5? night ano!r %ampoo is tak54 ,! eigh? night ! inunctions are comm5c$ aga91 & ?is is cont9u$ = six weeks4 ,9 almo/ e case ! production ( d&ruff is *eck$ completely aft] six weeks' treatm5t1 & ! hair1 :i* may h be5 fall+ out rapidly be=e1 beg9s to take firm] root4 ,to be sure1 _m hairs :i* are on ! po9t ( fall+ :5 treatm5t is begun w fall anyway1 & x may ev5 seem = a "t z if ! treatm5t 7 increas+ ! hair-fall1 on acc\nt ( ! me*anical dislodgm5t ( su* hairs1 b ?is ne$ nev] al>m "o4 ,aft] six weeks ( su* treatm5t ! %ampoo may be tak5 less frequ5tly4 ,next to d&ruff1 p]haps1 ! mo/ common cause ( e>ly loss ( hair is h]$ity4 ,9 "s families all ( ! male memb]s1 or all :o resemble "o p>ticul> ance/or1 lose _! hair e>ly4 ,d>k-hair$ families & races1 z a rule1 become bald e>li] ?an ^? ) light hair4 ,at fir/ ?\ght x w\ld seem z ?\gh no?+ c\ld be done to prev5t premature baldness :5 h]$ity is ! cause1 b ?is is a mi/ake4 ,c>eful hygi5e ( ! scalp w (t5 c\nt]balance h]$it>y pr$isposition = a numb] ( ye>s1 & ev5 aft] ! hair has actually begun to fall prop] /imulation w1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 & = a limit$ "t1 (t5 re/ore to ! hair its pri/9e ?ickness & /r5g?4 ,any ( ! rubefaci5ts may be prescrib$ = ?is purpose = daily use1 su* z croton oil1 #a #a_/b p] c5t2 t9cture ( can?>ides1 #ae p] c5t2 oil ( c9namon1 #dj p] c5t2 t9cture ( capsicum1 #ae p] c5t2 oil ( mu/>d1 #a p] c5t2 or any "o ( a doz5 o!rs4 ,t9cture ( capsicum is "o ( ! be/1 & = a r\t9e prescription ! foll[+ has s]v$ well3 ,resorc9 #e p>ts ,t9cture capsicum #ae p>ts ,ca/or oil #aj p>ts ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,oil ( roses1 suffici5t4 #cib ,x is to be recomm5d$ t ! /imulant be *ang$ f "t to "t1 s z n to rely on any "o to ! exclusion ( o!rs4 ,jabor&i1 oxyg5 gas1 qu99e1 & o!r ag5ts h enjoy$ a great reputation z hair-produc]s = a "t1 & h !n tak5 _! prop] position z aids1 b n specifics1 9 re/or+ ! hair4 ,x is well kn[n t aft] _m fev]s1 especially ^? accompani$ by great depression1 su* z pneumonia1 typhoid1 pu]p]al1 or sc>let fev]1 ! hair is liable to fall out4 ,?is is br\ght ab\t 9 a v>iety ( ways3 ,9 sc>lat9a1 ! hair papilla %>es 9 ! g5]al desquamation2 9 typhoid & ! o!r fev]s ! baldness may be ! result ei!r ( ! excessive seborrhea1 :i* (t5 accompanies ^! diseases1 or may be caus$ by ! g5]al l[]+ ( nutrition ( ! body4 ,unless ! hair-fall be accompani$ by consid]able d&ruff 79 :i* case ! above-m5tion$ treatm5t %\ld be vigor\sly employ$71 ! ord9>y hygi5e ( ! scalp w result 9 a re/oration ( ! hair 9 mo/ cases1 b ! employm5t ( mod]ate local /imulation1 ) ! use ( good g5]al tonics1 w ha/5 ?is end4 ,x seems unwise to cut ! hair ( wom5 %ort 9 ^! cases1 because ! baldness is practically nev] complete1 & a c]ta9 proportion ( ! hairs w reta9 firm root4 ,^! may be augm5t$ by a swit* made ( ! hair :i* has fall5 out1 until ! new hair %all h gr[n long en\gh to d up well4 ,9 ?is way all ( t (t5times mo/ annoy+ %ort-hair p]iod is avoid$4 ,= ,fall+ ,hair4-- ,i4--,hydro*loric acid #ge p>ts ,alcohol #b1bej p>ts ,! lotion is to be appli$ to ! scalp e ev5+ at b$time4 ,,ii4--,t9cture ( c9*ona #a "p ,t9cture ( rosem>y #a "p ,t9cture ( jabor&i #a "p ,ca/or oil #b p>ts ,rum #aj p>ts ,mix4 ,jabor&i ,scalp ,wat]s = ,increas+ ! ,gr[? ( ,hair4--,fir/ prep>e a jabor&i t9cture f jabor&i leaves1 #bjj p>ts2 _s1 #ie p] c5t1 #gjj p>ts2 & wat]1 #cjj p>ts4 ,aft] dige/+ = a week1 squeeze out ! leaves & filt] ! liquid4 ,! hair wa% is n[ prep>$ z foll[s3 ,i4--,jabor&i t9cture1 #a1jjj p>ts3 _s1 #ie p] c5t1 #gjj p>ts2 wat]1 #cjj p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #aej p>ts2 sc5t ess5ce1 #ajj p>ts2 color ) sug> color4 ,,ii4--,jabor&i t9cture1 #a1jjj p>ts3 _s1 #ie p] c5t1 #a1ejj p>ts2 qu99e tannate1 #d p>ts2 ,p]u balsam1 #bj p>ts2 ess5ce heliotrope1 #ej p>ts4 ,dissolve ! qu99e & ! ,p]u balsam 9 ! _s & !n add ! jabor&i t9cture & ! heliotrope ess5ce4 ,filt] aft] a week4 ,rub into ! scalp twice a week be=e retir+4 ,,pomades3 ,i4--,c9*ona ,pomade4-- ,ox m>r[ #ajj dra*ms ,l>d #gj dra*ms ,sweet almond oil #ag dra*ms ,p]u balsam #a dra*m ,qu99e sulphate #a dra*m ,clov] oil #b dra*ms ,rose ess5ce #be drops ,,ii4--,can?>ides ,pomade4-- ,ox m>r[ #cjj dra*ms ,:ite wax #cj dra*ms ,mace oil #a dra*m ,clove oil #a dra*m ,rose ess5ce or g]anium oil #be drops ,t9cture ( can?>ides #h dra*ms ,p9aud ,eau de ,qu99e4--,! composition ( ?is no/rum is n kn[n4 ,dr4 ,t%eppe fail$ to f9d 9 x any con/itu5t ( c9*ona b>k4 ,! abs5ce ( qu99e f ! mixture probably w\ld n hurt x1 z ! 8tonic0 effect ( qu99e on ! hair is g5]ally reg>d$ z a my?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x has be5 /at$ t ?is prep>ation conta9s3 ,qu99e sulphate #b p>ts ,t9cture ( kram]ia #d p>ts ,t9cture ( can?>ides #b p>ts ,_s ( lav5d] #aj p>ts ,glyc]9e #ae p>ts ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,,%ampoos3 ,a ,hair ,%ampoo is usually a t9cture ( odorless s(t soap4 ,x is mo/ly p]fum$ ) lav5d] & color$ ) gre5 anil9e4 ,prep>$ ! same z tr4 sapon4 virid4 7,u4 ,s4 ,p471 us+ an inexp5sive s(t soap1 t is a good foam produc]4 ,directions3 ,wet ! hair well 9 w>m wat] & rub 9 a few teaspoonfuls ( ! foll[+ =mulas4 ,no4 ,i is consid]$ ! be/3 #cic ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,p>ts us$ ,cottonse$ oil -- #bd #bf #ad ,l9se$ oil #bj -- -- -- ,malaga olive oil #bj -- -- -- ,cau/ic pota% #i #a_/b #h #f #c ,alcohol #e #d #a_/b #e #b ,wat] #cj #bf #cd #af #a_/b ,w>m ! mix$ oils on a l>ge wat] ba?1 !n ! pota% & wat] 9 ano!r vessel1 heat+ bo? to #aeh ,f41 & add+ ! latt] hot solution to ! hot oil :ile /irr+ briskly4 ,n[ add & ?or\ghly mix ! alcohol4 ,/op /irr+1 keep+ ! heat at #aeh ,f41 until ! mass becomes cle> & a small quantity dissolves 9 boil+ wat] )\t globules ( oil sep>at+4 ,if /irr$ aft] ! alcohol has be5 mix$ ! soap w be opaque4 ,set aside = a few days 9 a w>m place be=e us+ to make liquid %ampoo4 ,liquid ,%ampoos4-- ,i4--,fluid extract ( soap-b>k #aj p>ts ,glyc]9e #e p>ts ,cologne wat] #aj p>ts ,alcohol #bj p>ts ,rose wat] #cj p>ts ,,ii4--,s(t soap #bd p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #e p>ts ,alcohol #dh p>ts ,wat] en\gh to make #djj p>ts ,%ampoo ,pa/es4-- ,i4--,:ite ca/ile soap1 9 %av+s #b ounces ,ammonia wat] #b fluid\nces ,bay rum1 or cologne wat] #a fluid\nce ,glyc]9e #a fluid\nce ,wat] #ab fluid\nces ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat] by means ( heat2 :5 ne>ly cold /ir 9 ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,,ii4--,ca/ile soap1 :ite #d ounces ,potassium c>bonate #a ounce ,wat] #f fluid\nces ,glyc]9e #b fluid\nces ,oil ( lav5d] fl[]s #e drops ,oil ( b]gamot #aj drops ,to ! wat] add ! soap1 9 %av+s1 & ! potassium c>bonate1 & heat on a wat] ba? until ?or\ghly s(t5$2 add ! glyc]9e & oils4 ,if necess>y to r$uce to prop] consi/5cy1 m wat] may be add$4 ,egg ,%ampoo4-- ,:ites ( #b eggs ,wat] #e fluid\nces ,wat] ( ammonia #c fluid\nces ,cologne wat] #a_/c fluid\nce ,alcohol #d fluid\nces ,beat ! egg :ites to a fro?1 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are nam$1 ) a ?or\gh mix+ aft] ea* addition4 ,imitation ,egg ,%ampoos4--,_m ( ! egg %ampoos are s call$ f _! appe>ance4 ,!y usually conta9 no egg & are m]ely prep>ations ( p]fum$ s(t soap4 ,"h are "s =mulas3 ,i4--,:ite ca/ile soap #d ounces ,p[d]$ curd soap #b ounces ,potassium c>bonate #a ounce ,honey #a ounce ,make a homog5e\s pa/e by heat+ ) wat]4 ,,ii4--,melt #c #a_/b p\nds ( l>d ov] a salt-wat] ba? & run into x a lye =m$ by dissolv+ #h ounces ( cau/ic potassa 9 #a #a_/b p9ts ( wat]4 ,/ir well until saponification is effect$ & p]fume z desir$4 ,,hair ,,remov]s3 ,see ,depilatories4 ,,hamburg ,,bitt]s3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,hamm] ,,h>d5+3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,h& ,,creams3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,h&s1 ,,to ,,remove ,,/a9s ,,f ,,!3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations4 ,,h>e-,,lip ,,op]ation1 ,,antiseptic ,,pa/e ,,=3 ,see ,antiseptics4 ,,h>ness ,,dress+s ,,& ,,prep>ations3 ,see ,lea!r ,dress+s4 ,,h>ness ,,wax3 ,see ,waxes4 ,,hat-,,clean+ ,,comp\nds3 ,see ,clean+ ,comp\nds4 ,,hat ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 #cid ,,hats3 ,dye+ ,/raw ,hats4--,! plan g5]ally foll[$ is t ( coat+ ! hats ) a solution ( v>ni% 9 :i* a suitable anil9e dye has dissolv$4 ,! foll[+ prep>ations are 9 use3 ,i4--,= d>k v>ni%es prep>e a basis consi/+ ( orange %ellac1 #ijj p>ts2 s&>ac1 #bbe p>ts2 ,manila copal1 #bbe p>ts2 ca/or oil1 #ee p>ts2 & wood-_s1 #i1jjj p>ts4 ,to color1 add to ! =ego+ am\nt alcohol-soluble1 coal-t> dyes z foll[s3 ,black1 #ee p>ts ( soluble ivory-black 7modifi$ by blue or gre574 ,olive-br[n1 #ae p>ts ( brilliant-gre51 #ee p>ts ( ,bism>ck br[n ,r1 #h p>ts ( _s blue4 ,olive-gre51 #bh p>ts ( brilliant-gre51 #bh p>ts ( ,bism>ck-br[n ,r4 ,walnut1 #ee p>ts ( ,bism>ck-br[n ,r1 #ae p>ts ( nigros94 ,mahogany1 #bh p>ts ( ,bism>ck-br[n ,r1 :i* may be deep5$ by a little nigros94 ,,ii4--,= light colors prep>e a v>ni% z foll[s3 ,s&>ac1 #a1cej p>ts2 elemi1 #dej p>ts2 ros91 #dej p>ts2 ca/or oil1 #aaj p>ts2 wood-_s1 #i1jjj p>ts4 ,= ?is am\nt use dyes z foll[s3 ,gold1 #ee p>ts ( *rysoid91 #ee p>ts ( anil9e-yell[4 ,light gre51 #ee p>ts ( brilliant-gre51 #g p>ts ( anil9e-yell[4 ,blue1 #ee p>ts ( _s blue4 ,deep blue1 #ee p>ts ( _s blue1 #ee p>ts ( indul94 ,violet1 #bh p>ts ( me?yl-violet1 #c ,b4 ,crimson1 #ee p>ts ( safran94 ,*e/nut1 #ee p>ts ( safran91 #ae p>ts ( indul94 ,,iii4--,%ellac #d ounces ,s&>ac #a ounce ,gum ?us #a ounce ,me?yl _s #a p9t ,9 ?is dissolve anil9e dyes ( ! requisite color1 & apply4 ,= :ite /raw1 :ite %ellac mu/ be us$4 ,to ,extract ,%ellac f ,fur ,hats4-- ,use ! common solv5ts1 z c>bon bisulphide1 b5z9e1 wood alcohol1 turp5t9e1 & s =?1 reclaim+ ! _s & %ellac by a suitable /ill4 ,,heada*e ,,rem$ies3 ,see also ,pa9 ,kill]s4 ,heada*e ,cologne4--,z a mitigant ( heada*e1 cologne wat] ( ! f>9a type is refre%+4 ,oil ( n]oli #f dra*ms ,oil ( rosem>y #c dra*ms ,oil ( b]gamot #c dra*ms ,oil ( c$rat #g dra*ms ,oil ( orange peel #g dra*ms ,deodoriz$ alcohol #a gallon ,to secure a satisfactory product f ! =ego+ =mula x is necess>y to look c>efully to ! quality ( ! oils4 ,oil ( c$rat is prone to *ange1 & oil ( orange peel1 if expos$ to ! atmosph]e = a %ort "t1 becomes wor?less1 & w spoil ! o!r mat]ials4 ,a delightful comb9ation ( ! acetic odor ) t ( cologne wat] may be _h by add+ to a p9t ( ! =ego+1 #b dra*ms ( glacial acetic acid4 ,! odor s produc$ may be m grateful to "s invalids ?an ! n]oli & lemon b\quet4 ,/ill ano!r /rik+ v>iation ( ! cologne odor1 suitable = ! use indicat$1 may be made by add+ to a p9t ( cologne wat] an ounce ( ammoniat$ alcohol4 ,liquid ,heada*e ,rem$ies4-- ,acetanilid #fj gra9s ,alcohol #d fluidra*ms ,ammonium c>bonate #cj gra9s ,wat] #b fluidra*ms ,simple elixir to make #b fluid\nces ,dissolve ! acetanilid 9 ! alcohol1 ! ammonium c>bonate 9 ! wat]1 mix ea* solution ) a portion ( ! simple elixir1 & mix ! :ole toge!r4 ,,heat-,,indicat+ ,,pa9t3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,heat ,,insulation3 ,see ,insulation4 ,,heat1 ,,prickly3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,heat-,,resi/ant ,,lacqu]s3 ,see ,lacqu]s4 ,,heaves3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,h$ge ,,mu/>d4 ,h$ge mu/>d 7erysimum7 0 at "o "t a popul> rem$y 9 ,france = ho>s5ess1 & is /ill us$ 9 c\ntry di/ricts1 b is n (t5 prescrib$4 ,liquid ammonia #aj drops ,syrup ( erysimum #a #a_/b ounces ,infusion ( lime fl[]s #c ounces ,to be tak5 at "o dose4 ,,h]b>ium ,,specim5s1 ,,m\nt+4 ,a matt] ( fir/ importance1 aft] dry+ ! h]b>ium specim5s1 is to poison !m1 to prev5t ! attacks ( insects4 ,?is is done by bru%+ !m ov] on bo? sides1 us+ a camel's-hair p5cil1 ) a solution ( #b gra9s ( #cie corrosive sublimate to an ounce ( me?ylat$ _s4 ,9 tropical climates ! solution is g5]ally us$ ( twice ?is /r5g?4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods ( m\nt+ !m4 ,leaves ) a waxy surface & coriace\s texture are be/ /it*$ ?r\gh ! middle aft] !y h be5 fa/5$ on ) an adhesive mixture4 ,twigs ( legum9\s trees w (t5 ?r[ (f _! leaflets 9 dry+4 ,?is may1 9 "s measure1 be prev5t$ by dipp+ !m 9 boil+ wat] be=e dry+1 or if ! leaves are n v rigid1 by us+ /rong pressure at fir/1 )\t ! use ( hot wat]4 ,if ! specim5s h to be frequ5tly h&l$1 ! mo/ satisfactory prep>ation is ,lepage's fi% glue1 b a mixture ( glue & pa/e1 ) c>bolic acid add$1 is us$ 9 "s l>ge h]b>ia4 ,! disadvantage ( us+ glue1 gum1 or pa/e is t x is necess>y to h "s ( ! leaves turn$ ov] s z to %[ ! "u surface ( ! leaf1 & "s ( ! fl[]s & se$s plac$ loose 9 envelopes on ! same %eet = purposes ( comp>ison or microscopic exam9ation4 ,ano!r plan is to use n>r[ slips ( gumm$ /iff b ?9 pap]1 su* z v ?9 p>*m5t pap]4 ,^! /rips are ei!r gumm$ ov] ! /ems1 etc41 & p9*$ 9 r\nd ! /em ) =ceps1 or pass$ ?r\gh slits made 9 ! %eet & fa/5$ at ! back4 ,if ! specim5s are m\nt$ on c>ds & protect$ 9 glass frames1 /it*+ 9 ! pr9cipal p>ts ) gray ?read produces a v satisfactory appe>ance4 ,hectograph ,pads & ,inks ,! hectograph is a gelat9 pad us$ = duplicat+ lett]s1 etc41 by transf]4 ,! pad %\ld h a t\gh ela/ic consi/5cy1 simil> to t ( a pr9t]'s roll]4 ,! lett] or sket* to be duplicat$ is writt5 or trac$ on a %eet ( heavy pap] ) an anil9e ink 7:i* has great t9ctorial qualities74 ,:5 dry ?is is laid1 ink$ side d[n1 on ! pad & subject$ to mod]ate & uni=m pressure = a few m9utes4 ,x may !n be remov$1 :5 a copy ( ! orig9al w be f\nd on ! pad :i* has absorb$ a l>ge quantity ( ! ink4 ,! blank %eets are laid "o by "o on ! pad1 subject$ to mod]ate pressure ov] ! :ole surface ) a wood5 or rubb] roll]1 or ) ! h&1 & lift$ (f by tak+ hold ( ! corn]s & /ripp+ !m g5tly ) an ev5 movem5t4 ,if ?is is done too quickly ! composition may be torn4 ,ea* succe$+ copy ?us made w be a little fa9t] ?an its pr$ecessor4 ,f #dj to #fj legible copies may be made4 ,:5 ! op]ation is f9i%$ ! surface ( ! pad %\ld be gone ov] g5tly ) a wet sponge & ! rema9+ ink soak$ out4 ,! sup]flu\s moi/ure is !n c>efully wip$ (f1 :5 ! pad w be ready = ano!r op]ation4 ,! pad or hectograph is ess5tially a mixture ( glue 7gelat97 & glyc]9e4 ,?is mixture has ! prop]ty ( rema9+ s(t yet firm = a long "t & ( absorb+ & hold+ c]ta9 color+ matt]s 9 su* a way z to give !m up sl[ly or 9 lay]s1 s to speak1 on pressure4 ,su* a pad may be made by melt+ toge!r #a "p ( glue1 #b p>ts ( wat] & #d p>ts ( glyc]9e 7all by weight1 ( c\rse71 evaporat+ "s ( ! wat] & temp]+ ! mixture ) m glue or glyc]9e if ! season or climate require4 ,! mass :5 ( prop] consi/5cy1 :i* c be asc]ta9$ by cool+ a small portion1 is p\r$ into a %all[ pan & all[$ to set4 ,clean glue mu/ be us$ or ! mixture /ra9$2 & air bubbles %\ld be remov$ by skimm+ ! surface ) a piece ( c>d-bo>d or simil> appliance4 ,v>iations ( ?is =mula h be5 propos$1 "s ( :i* are app5d$3 ,i4--,glyc]9e #ab ounces ,gelat9 #b ounces ,wat] #g #a_/b ounces ,sug> #b ounces ,,ii4--,wat] #aj ounces ,dextr9 #a #a_/b ounces ,sug> #b ounces ,gelat9 #ae ounces ,glyc]9e #ae ounces ,z9c oxide #a #a_/b ounces ,,iii4--,gelat9 #aj ounces ,wat] #dj ounces ,glyc]9e #abj ounces ,b>ium sulphate #h ounces ,! ,tokacs pat5t composition1 besides ! usual +r$i5ts1 su* z gelat91 glyc]9e1 sug>1 & gum1 conta9s soap1 & c !re=e be wa%$ (f mu* easi] = new use4 ,! smoo?ness ( ! surface is also increas$1 )\t %[+ m /ick+ capacity ) ! fir/ impressions4 ,hectograph ,inks 7see also ,inks74--,! writ+ to be copi$ by means ( ! hectograph is done on good pap] ) an anil9e ink4 ,=mulas = suitable ones are app5d$4 ,x is said t m copies c be obta9$ f writ+ ) ! purple ink ?an ) o!r k9ds3 #cif ,purple4-- ,i4--,me?yl violet #b p>ts ,alcohol #b p>ts ,sug> #a "p ,glyc]9e #d p>ts ,wat] #bd p>ts ,dissolve ! violet 9 ! alcohol mix$ ) ! glyc]9e2 dissolve ! sug> 9 ! wat]2 mix bo? solutions4 ,,ii4--,a good purple hectograph ink is made z foll[s3 ,dissolve #a "p me?yl violet 9 #h p>ts ( wat] & add #a "p ( glyc]9e4 ,g5tly w>m ! solution = an h\r1 & add1 :5 cool1 #a_/d "p alcohol4 ,or take me?yl violet1 #a "p2 wat]1 #g p>ts2 & glyc]9e1 #b p>ts4 ,black4-- ,me?yl violet #aj p>ts ,nigros9 #bj p>ts ,glyc]9e #cj p>ts ,gum arabic #e p>ts ,alcohol #fj p>ts ,blue4-- ,resorc9 blue ,m #aj p>ts ,dilute acetic acid #a "p ,wat] #he p>ts ,glyc]9e #d p>ts ,alcohol #aj p>ts ,dissolve by heat4 ,r$4-- ,fu*s9 #aj p>ts ,alcohol #aj p>ts ,glyc]9e #aj p>ts ,wat] #ej p>ts ,gre54-- ,anil9e gre51 wat] soluble #ae p>ts ,glyc]9e #aj p>ts ,wat] #ej p>ts ,alcohol #aj p>ts ,repair+ ,hectographs4--,in/ead ( remelt+ ! hectograph composition1 :i* is n always successful1 x is recomm5d$ to p\r alcohol ov] ! surface ( ! clean$ mass & to light x4 ,aft] solidify+1 ! surface w be aga9 ready = use4 ,,hemorrhoids3 ,see ,piles4 ,,h]b ,,v9eg>3 ,see ,v9eg>4 ,,hides3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,hide ,,b\nd3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,hide-,,clean+ ,,processes3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,ho>h\nd ,,c&y3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,ho>s5ess1 ,,cream ,,bon-,,bons ,,=3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,ho>s5ess1 ,,rem$y ,,=3 ,see ,c\gh & ,cold ,mixtures & ,turp5t9e4 ,,honey3 ,honey ,cl>ifi]4--,= #c1jjj p>ts ( fre% honey1 take #hge p>ts ( wat]1 #aej p>ts ( wa%$1 dri$1 & pulv]iz$ *>coal1 #gj p>ts ( p[d]$ *alk1 & ! :ites ( #c eggs beat5 9 #ij p>ts ( wat]4 ,put ! honey & ! *alk 9 a vessel capable ( conta9+ #a_/c m ?an ! mixture & boil = #c m9utes2 !n introduce ! *>coal & /ir up ! :ole4 ,add ! :ites ( ! eggs :ile cont9u+ to /ir1 & boil aga9 = #c m9utes4 ,take f ! fire1 & aft] all[+ ! liquid to cool = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 filt]1 & to secure a p]fectly cle> liquid refilt] on flannel4 ,detect+ ,dy$ ,honey4--,= ! detection ( artificial yell[ dye/uff 9 honey1 treat ! aque\s yell[ solution ) hydro*loric acid1 z well z ) ammonia2 also extract ! dye/uff f ! acid or ammoniacal solution by solv5ts1 su* z alcohol or e!r1 or conduct ! ,arata wool te/ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,dissolve #aj p>ts ( honey 9 #ej p>ts ( wat]1 mix ) #aj p>ts ( a #aj p] c5t potassium-bisulphate solution & boil ! wool5 ?read 9 ?is liquid = #aj m9utes4 ,,honey ,,w9e3 ,see ,mead4 ,,hon+3 ,see ,:et/ones4 ,,ho( ,,sores3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,hop ,,bitt] ,,be]3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,hop ,,syrup3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,horn3 ,artificial ,horn4--,to prep>e artificial horn f comp\nds ( nitro-cellulose & case91 by h>d5+ !m & remov+ _! odor ( camphor1 ! comp\nds are /eep$ 9 =maldehyde f sev]al h\rs to z _m days1 #cig accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! object treat$4 ,:5 ! =maldehyde has p5etrat$ ?r\gh ! mass & dissolv$ ! camphor1 ! object is tak5 out ( ! liquid & dri$4 ,bo? ! camphor extract$ & ! =maldehyde us$ c be recov]$ by di/illation1 & us$ ov] aga91 ?us *eap5+ ! op]ation4 ,dehorn]s or ,horn ,de/roy]s4--,! foll[+ are recomm5d$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture ( ,great ,brita93 ,clip ! hair f ! top ( ! horn :5 ! calf is f #b to #e days old4 ,slightly moi/5 ! end ( a /ick ( cau/ic pota% ) wat] or saliva 7or moi/5 ! top ( ! horn bud7 & rub ! tip ( ea* horn firmly ) ! pota% = ab\t a qu>t] ( a m9ute1 or until a slight impression has be5 made on ! c5t] ( ! horn4 ,! horns %\ld be treat$ 9 ?is way f #b to #d times at int]vals ( #e m9utes4 ,if1 dur+ ! int]val ( #e m9utes aft] "o or m applications1 a little blood appe>s 9 ! c5t] ( ! horn1 x w !n only be necess>y to give ano!r v slight rubb+ ) ! pota%4 ,! foll[+ directions %\ld be c>efully obs]v$3 ,! op]ation is be/ p]=m$ :5 ! calf is "u #e days old1 & %\ld n be attempt$ aft] ! n9? day4 ,:5 n 9 use ! cau/ic pota% %\ld be kept 9 a /opp]$ glass bottle 9 a dry place1 z x rapidly det]iorates :5 expos$ to ! air4 ,"o man %\ld hold ! calf :ile an assi/ant uses ! cau/ic4 ,roll a piece ( t9 foil or br[n pap] r\nd ! end ( ! /ick ( cau/ic pota%1 :i* is held by ! f+]s1 s z n to injure ! h& ( ! op]ator4 ,d n moi/5 ! /ick too mu*1 or ! cau/ic may spread to ! sk9 ar\nd ! horn & de/roy ! fle%4 ,= ! same reason keep ! calf f gett+ wet = "s days aft] ! op]ation4 ,be c>eful to rub on ! c5t] ( ! horn & n ar\nd ! side ( x4 ,/a9+ ,horns4--,a br[n /a9 is giv5 to horns by cov]+ !m fir/ ) an aque\s solution ( potassium f]rocyanide1 dry+ !m1 & !n treat+ ) a hot dilute solution ( copp] sulphate4 ,a black /a9 c be produc$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,aft] hav+ f9ely s&pap]$ ! horns1 dissolve #ej to #fj gra9s ( nitrate ( silv] 9 #a ounce ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,x w be colorless4 ,dip a small bru% 91 & pa9t ! horns :]e !y are to be black4 ,:5 dry1 put !m :]e ! sun c %9e on !m1 & y w f9d t !y w turn jet black1 & may !n be poli%$4 ,to ,s(t5 ,horn4--,lay ! horn = #aj days 9 a solution ( wat]1 #a "p2 nitric acid1 #c p>ts2 wood v9eg>1 #b p>ts2 tann91 #e p>ts2 t>t>1 #b p>ts2 & z9c vitriol1 #b4e p>ts4 ,,horn ,,blea*es3 ,see ,bone & ,ivory4 ,,horn1 ,,unit+ ,,glass ,,)3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,horses1 ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,_! ,,diseases3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,h\sehold ,=mulas ,h[ to ,lay ,galvaniz$ ,iron ,ro(+4--,! use ( galvaniz$ iron = g5]al ro(+ "w has increas$ greatly dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s4 ,x has _m features :i* comm5d x z a ro(+ mat]ial1 b difficulties h be5 exp]i5c$ by beg9n]s z to ! prop] me?od ( apply+ x to ! ro(4 ,! weight ( mat]ial us$ is r heavy to p]mit ( d\ble seam+1 b a me?od has be5 evolv$ t is satisfactory4 ,galvaniz$ iron ro(+ c be put on at l[ co/1 s z to be wat]-tight & free f buckl+ at ! jo9ts4 ,! me?od does away ) d\ble seam+1 & is consid]$ m suitable ?an ! latt] = ro(+ purposes :]ev] x c be laid on a ro( /eep] ?an #a to #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f ,galvaniz$ iron ( ,no4 #bh & heavi] gauges is us$1 ! %eets be+ lap-seam$ & sold]$ toge!r 9 /rips 9 ! %op ! prop] l5g? to apply to ! ro(4 ,aft] ! %eets are fa/5$ toge!r a #a #a_/d-;in* edge is turn$ up ! entire l5g? ( "o side ( ! %eet1 z indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,?is op]ation is done ) tongs hav+ gauge p9s set at ! prop] po9t4 ,! second #cih op]ation consi/s 9 turn+ a /rip #a_/d in* wide t[>d ! %eet1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,?is %eet is !n laid on ! ro(1 & a cleat ab\t #h in*es long & #a in* wide1 made ( galvaniz$ iron1 is nail$ to ! ro( close to ! %eet & b5t ov] x1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,a second %eet hav+ #a #a_/b in*es turn$ up is n[ br\ght aga9/ ! fir/ %eet & b5t ov] bo? %eet & cleat1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,! cleat is !n b5t backw>d ov] ! second %eet & cut (f close to ! ro(1 z 9 ,fig4 #e1 aft] :i* ! seams are drawn toge!r by d\ble seam+ tools1 z ! occasion dem&s1 & slightly hamm]$ ) a wood5 mallet4 ,! f9i%$ seam is %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,x w be se5 t ! second %eet ( galvaniz$ iron1 cut #a_/d in* long] ?an ! fir/1 laps ov] ! =m]1 mak+ a sort ( bead :i* prev5ts wat] f driv+ 94 ,cleats hold bo? %eets firmly to ! ro( & are nail$ ab\t #ab in*es ap>t4 ,ro(s ( ?is "*1 :5 laid ) ,no4 #bh gauge iron1 co/ v little m ?an ! *eap] grades ( t91 & d n h to be pa9t$4 ,applications = ,prickly ,heat4--,_m applications = ?is extremely annoy+ =m ( urtic>ia h be5 sugge/$ & _! efficacy /rongly urg$ by ! v>i\s correspond5ts ( ! m$ical press :o propose !m1 b none ( !m seem to be g5]ally efficaci\s4 ,?us1 sodium bic>bonate 9 /rong1 aque\s solution1 has long be5 a dome/ic rem$y 9 g5]al use1 b x fails probably z (t5 z x succe$s4 ,a weak solution ( copp] sulphate has also be5 highly extoll$1 only to disappo9t a v l>ge proportion ( ^? :o resort to x4 ,& s we might g on cit+ rem$ies :i* may sometimes give relief1 b fail 9 ! l>ge proportion ( cases4 ,9 ?is tr\ble1 z 9 almo/ e o!r1 ! idiosyncrasies ( ! pati5t play a great "p 9 ! effects produc$ by any rem$y4 ,x is caus$1 prim>ily by conge/ion ( ! capill>y vessels ( ! sk91 & any?+ t t5ds to relieve ?is conge/ion w give relief1 at lea/ tempor>ily4 ,among ! new] sugge/ions are ! foll[+3 ,alcohol #ccc p>ts ,e!r #ccc p>ts ,*lor(orm #ccc p>ts ,m5?ol #a "p ,mix4 ,directions3 ,apply occasionally ) a sponge4 ,among ^? ?+s :i* at lea/ assi/ "o 9 be>+ ! affliction is frequ5t *ange ( und]we>4 ,! und]g>m5ts worn dur+ ! day %\ld nev] be worn at night4 ,scrat*+ or rubb+ %\ld be avoid$ :]e possible4 ,avoid /imulat+ food & dr9ks1 especially alcohol1 & by all means keep ! b[els 9 a soluble condition4 ,clean+ & ,poli%+ ,l9oleum4--,wa% ! l9oleum ) a mixture ( equal p>ts ( milk & wat]1 wipe dry1 & rub 9 ! foll[+ mixture by means ( a clo? rag3 ,yell[ wax1 #e p>ts2 turp5t9e oil1 #aa p>ts2 v>ni%1 #e p>ts4 ,z a glaz+ ag5t1 a solution ( a little yell[ wax 9 turp5t9e oil is also recomm5d$4 ,o!r poli%+ ag5ts are3 ,i4--,palm oil1 #a "p2 p>aff9e1 #ah2 k]os5e1 #d4 ,,ii4--,yell[ wax1 #a "p2 c>nauba wax1 #b2 turp5t9e oil1 #aj2 b5z9e1 #e4 ,lavatory ,deodorant4-- ,sodium bic>bonate #e ounces ,alum #e #a_/b ounces ,potassium bromide #d ounces ,hydro*loric acid en\gh ,wat] en\gh to make #d p9ts4 ,to #c p>ts ( boil+ wat] add ! alum & !n ! bic>bonate4 ,introduce en\gh hydro*loric acid to dissolve ! precipitate ( alum9um hydrate :i* =ms & !n add ! potassium bromide4 ,add en\gh wat] to br+ ! measure ( ! f9i%$ product up to #d p9ts4 ,removal ( ,odors f ,wood5 ,boxes1 ,*e/s1 ,draw]s1 etc4--,?is is done by v>ni%+ !m ) a solution ( %ellac1 aft] ! foll[+ mann]3 ,make a solution ( %ellac1 #a1jjj p>ts2 alcohol1 #ij p] c5t to #ie p] c5t1 #a1jjj p>ts2 boric acid1 #ej p>ts2 ca/or oil1 #ej p>ts4 ,! %ellac is fir/ dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol & ! acid & oil add$ aft]w>ds4 ,= ! fir/ coat+ use #a "p ( ! solution cut ) f #a to #b p>ts ( alcohol1 accord+ to ! porosity ( ! wood--! m por\s ! less necessity = cutt+4 ,:5 ! fir/ coat is absorb$ & dri$ 91 repeat ! application1 if ! wood is v por\s1 ) ! dilut$ %ellac1 b if ( h>d1 d5se wood1 ! f9al coat+ may be n[ put on1 us+ ! solution )\t addition ( alcohol4 ,if desir$1 ! solution may be color$ ) any ( ! alcohol soluble anil9e colors4 ,! %ellac solution1 by ! way1 may be appli$ to ! outside ( *e/s1 etc41 & f9i%$ (f aft] ! fa%ion ( 8,fr5* poli%40 #cii ,:5 us$ ?is way1 a prior application ( #b coats ( l9se$ oil is advisable4 ,/5cil ,m>k+ ,ink t w ,wa% ,out4--,triturate toge!r #a "p ( f9e soot & #b p>ts ( ,prussian blue1 ) a little glyc]9e2 !n add #c p>ts ( gum arabic & en\gh glyc]9e to =m a ?9 pa/e4 ,wa%+ ,fluid4--,take #a p\nd sal soda1 #a_/b p\nd good /one lime1 & #e qu>ts ( wat]2 boil a %ort "t1 let x settle1 & p\r (f ! cle> fluid into a /one jug1 & cork = use2 soak ! :ite clo!s ov]night 9 simple wat]1 wr+ out & soap wri/b&s1 coll>s1 & dirty or /a9$ places4 ,h ! boil] half fill$ ) wat] j beg9n+ to boil1 !n put 9 #a common teacupful ( fluid1 /ir & put 9 y\r clo!s1 & boil = half an h\r1 !n rub lightly ?r\gh "o suds only1 & all is complete4 ,/>* ,lu/]4--,a portion ( /e>9e1 ! size ( an old-fa%ion$ c5t1 add$ to />*1 #a_/b p\nd1 & boil$ ) x = #b or #c m9utes1 w add greatly to ! beauty ( l951 to :i* x may be appli$4 ,to ,make ,loose ,nails 9 ,walls ,rigid4--,z soon z a nail driv5 9 ! wall becomes loose & ! pla/]+ beg9s to break1 x c be made solid & firm by ! foll[+ process3 ,saturate a bit ( wadd+ ) ?ick dextr9 or glue2 wrap z mu* ( x ar\nd ! nail z possible & re9s]t ! latt] 9 ! hole1 press+ x home z /rongly z possible4 ,remove ! excess ( glue or dextr91 wip+ x cleanly (f ) a rag dipp$ 9 clean wat]2 !n let dry4 ,! nail w !n be firmly fa/5$ 9 place4 ,if ! loose pla/]+ be t\*$ ) ! glue & replac$1 x w adh]e & rema9 firm4 ,h[ to ,keep ,lamp ,burn]s 9 ,ord]4--,9 ! combu/ion ( coal oil a c>bonace\s residue is left1 :i* atta*es itself v firmly to ! metal along ! edge ( ! burn] next ! flame4 ,?is is especially true ( r\nd burn]s1 :]e ! heat ( ! flame is m int5se ?an 9 flat ones1 & ! deposit ( c>bon1 :]e n frequ5tly remov$1 soon gets suffici5tly heavy to int]f]e s]i\sly ) ! movem5t ( ! wick up or d[n4 ,! deposit may be scrap$ (f ) a knife blade1 b a mu* m satisfactory process ( gett+ rid ( x is z foll[s3 ,dissolve sodium c>bonate1 #a "p1 9 #e or #f p>ts ( wat]1 & 9 ?is boil ! burn] = #e m9utes or s4 ,:5 tak5 out ! burn] w look l a new "o1 & acts l "o1 provid$ t ! app>atus = rais+ & l[]+ ! wick has n previ\sly be5 b5t & twi/$ by attempt+ to =ce ! wick pa/ r\gh deposits4 ,to ,remove ! ,odor f ,pa/ebo>d4--,draw ! pa/ebo>d ?r\gh a #c p] c5t solution ( viscose 9 wat]4 ,! pa/ebo>d mu/ be cal5d]$ aft] dry+4 ,to ,remove ,woody ,odor4--,to get rid ( t frequ5tly disagreeable smell 9 old *e/s1 draw]s1 etc41 pa9t ! surface ov] ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,acetic e!r #ajj p>ts ,=maldehyde #f p>ts ,acid1 c>bolic #d p>ts ,t9cture ( eucalyptus leaves #fj p>ts ,mix4 ,aft] apply+ ! mixture expose ! article to ! op5 air 9 ! sunlight4 ,to ,keep ,flies ,out ( a ,h\se4--,nev] all[ a speck ( food to rema9 uncov]$ 9 d9+ room or pantry any l5g? ( "t aft] meals4 ,nev] leave remnants ( food expos$ t y int5d = cat or h5s4 ,fe$ at once or cov] _! food up a di/ance f ! h\se4 ,let no?+ decay ne> ! h\se4 ,keep y\r d9+ room & pantry w9d[s op5 a few in*es mo/ ( ! "t4 ,d>k5 y\r room & pantry :5 n 9 use4 ,if !re %\ld be any flies !y w g to ! w9d[ :5 ! room is d>k5$1 :]e !y are easily caught1 kill$1 or bru%$ out4 ,an ,easy ,way to ,wa% a ,heavy ,com=table4--,exam9e ! com=table1 & if y f9d soil$ spots soap !m & scrub ) a small bru%4 ,hang ! com=table on a /rong l9e & turn ! hose on4 ,:5 "o side is wa%$ turn & wa% ! o!r4 ,! wat] =ces its way ?r\gh cotton & cov]+1 mak+ ! com=table z light & fluffy z :5 new4 ,squeeze ! corn]s & ends z dry z possible4 ,pres]vation ( ,c>pets4--,lay %eets ( br[n pap] "u ! c>pet4 ,?is gives a s(t feel+ to ! foot1 & by dim9i%+ ! we> adds long] life to ! c>pet2 at ! same "t x t5ds to keep away ! air & r5d]s ! ap>tm5ts w>m4 ,to ,d ,away ) ,wip+ ,di%es4--,make a rack by putt+ a %elf ov] ! kit*5 s9k1 slant+ x s t ! wat] #djj w dra9 (f into ! s9k4 ,put a lattice rail+ ab\t #f in*es high at ! front & ends ( ! %elf s t di%es c be set aga9/ x on _! edges )\t fall+ out4 ,h #b pans ( hot wat]4 ,wa% ! di%es 9 "o & r9se !m 9 ! o!r4 ,set !m on edge 9 ! rack & leave until dry4 ,a ,conv5i5t ,table4-- ,t5 common-siz$ eggs weigh #a p\nd4 ,s(t butt]1 ! size ( an egg1 weighs #a ounce4 ,"o p9t ( c(fee & ( sug> weighs #ab ounces4 ,"o qu>t ( sift$ fl\r 7well heap$7 weighs #a p\nd4 ,"o p9t ( be/ br[n sug> weighs #ab ounces4 ,h[ to ,make a ,cell> ,wat]pro(4--,! old wall surface %\ld be r\gh5$ & p]fectly clean$ be=e pla/]+ is comm5c$4 ,x may be advisable to put ! fir/ coat on n ?ick] ?an #a_/d in*1 & aft] ?is has set x may be cut & r\gh5$ by a po9t+ tr[el4 ,!n apply a second #a_/d-;in* coat & f9i% ?is to an ev5 & smoo? surface4 ,proportion ( pla/]3 ,"o-half "p slak$ lime1 #a "p ,portl& cem5t1 "p f9e1 %>p s&1 to be mix$ well & appli$ in/antly4 ,remov+ ,old ,wall ,pap]4--,"s pap] hang]s remove old pap] f walls by fir/ damp5+ x ) wat] 9 :i* a little bak+ soda has be5 dissolv$1 ! surface be+ !n gone ov] ) a 8scrap]0 or o!r tool4 ,h[ev]1 ! pr9ciple object ( any me?od is to s(t5 ! old pa/e4 ,?is may be readily accompli%$ by fir/ wett+ a section ( ! old pap] ) cold or tepid wat]1 us+ a bru%1 repeat+ ! wett+ until ! pap] & pa/e are soak$ ?r\gh1 :5 ! pap] may easily be pull$ (f1 or1 if too t5d]1 may be scrap$ ) any in/rum5t ( a *isel =m %ov$ betwe5 ! pap] & ! wall4 ,! wall %\ld !n be wa%$ ) clean wat]1 ?is op]ation be+ mat]ially assi/$ by wett+ ! wall ahead ( ! wa%+4 ,/a9$ ,ceil+s4--,take unslak$ :ite lime1 dilute ) alcohol1 & pa9t ! spots ) x4 ,:5 ! spots are dry--:i* w be soon1 z ! alcohol evaporates & ! lime =ms a sort ( insulat+ lay]--"o c proce$ pa9t+ ) size color1 & ! spots w n %[ ?r\gh aga94 ,to ,ov]come ,odors 9 ,fre%ly ,pap]$ ,rooms4--,aft] ! w9d[s & doors ( su* rooms h be5 clos$1 br+ 9 r$-hot coal & /rew on ?is sev]al h&fuls ( junip] b]ries4 ,ab\t #ab h\rs lat] op5 all w9d[s & doors1 s z to admit fre% air1 & x w be f\nd t ! bad smell has entirely disappe>$4 ,treatm5t ( ,damp ,walls4--,i4--,a good & simple rem$y to obviate ?is evil is ca\t*\c glue1 :i* is prep>$ f rubb] hose4 ,! walls to be laid dry are fir/ to be ?or\ghly clean$ by bru%+ & rubb+ (f2 !n ! ca\t*\c size1 :i* has be5 previ\sly made liquid by heat+1 is appli$ ) a broad bru% 9 a uni=m lay]--ab\t #h to #ab in*es high] ?an ! wall appe>s damp--& f9ally pap] is pa/$ ov] ! glue :5 ! latt] is /ill /icky4 ,! pap] w at once adh]e v firmly4 ,or else1 apply ! liquefi$ glue 9 a uni=m lay] ^u pap] 7wall pap]1 ca\t*\c pap]1 etc474 ,^u ?is1 size pa9t may be appli$1 or x may be cov]$ ) wall pap] or pla/]4 ,if ! ca\t*\c size is put on ) ! necess>y c>e--i4 e41 if all damp spots are cov]$ ) x--! wall is laid dry = ! future1 & no peel+ (f ( ! pa9t or ! wall pap] ne$s to be appreh5d$4 ,9 cell>s1 protection f dampness c be _h 9 a l mann]1 z ! ca\t*\c glue adh]es equally well to all surfaces1 :e!r /one1 glass1 metal1 or wood4 ,,ii4--,! walls mu/ be well clean$ be=e pa9t+4 ,if ! pla/] %\ld be worn & p]meat$ ) saltpet] 9 places x %\ld be r5ew$ & smoo!d4 ,^! clean surfaces are coat$ twice ) a wat]-glass solution1 #a4a1 us+ a bru% & all[$ to dry well4 ,!n !y are pa9t$ #c times ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,dissolve #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( ma/ic 9 #aj p>ts ( absolute alcohol2 p\r #a1jjj p>ts ( wat] ov] #bjj p>ts ( is+lass2 all[ to soak = #f h\rs2 heat to solution & add #ajj p>ts ( alcohol 7#ej p] c5t74 ,into ?is mixture p\r a hot solution ( #ej p>ts ( ammonia 9 #bej p>ts ( alcohol 7#ej p] c5t71 /ir well1 & subsequ5tly add ! ma/ic solution & /& aside w>m1 /irr+ dilig5tly4 ,aft] #e m9utes take away f ! fire & pa9t+ may be comm5c$4 ,be=e a fre% application1 h[ev]1 ! solution %\ld be remov$4 ,:5 ?is coat+ has dri$ completely x is cov]$ ) oil or v>ni% pa9t1 pref]ably ! latt]4 ,9 ! same mann] ! exudation ( s-call$ saltpet] #dja 9 fre% masonry or on ! ext]ior ( faades1 etc41 may be prev5t$1 size pa9t or lime pa9t be+ employ$ in/ead ( ! oil-v>ni% pa9t4 ,new walls :i* are to be pa9t$ w give (f no m saltpet] aft] #b or #c applications ( ! is+lass solution1 s t ! colors ( ! wall pap] w n be injur$ ei!r4 ,/a9s caus$ by smoke1 soot1 etc41 on ceil+s ( rooms1 kit*5s1 or corridors :i* are difficult to cov] up ) size pa9t1 may also be completely isolat$ by apply+ ! w>m is+lass solution #b or #c times4 ,! size pa9t is1 ( c\rse1 put on only aft] complete dry+ ( ! ceil+s4 ,to ,protect ,pap]$ ,walls f ,v]m94--,x is n infrequ5t t :5 ! wall pap] becomes defective or loose 9 pap]$ rooms1 v]m91 b$ bugs1 ants1 etc41 w bre$ beh9d x4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ?is evil a little colocyn? p[d] %\ld be add$ to ! pa/e us$ = hang+ ! pap]1 9 ! proportion ( #ej or #fj p>ts = #c1jjj p>ts4 ,c>e ( ,refrig]ators4--,see t ! sides or walls ( all refrig]ators are occasionally sc\r$ ) soap1 or soap & slak$ lime4 ,du/ ,prev5t]s4--,aga9/ ! b5eficial effects to be obs]v$ 9 ! use ( mo/ prep>ations we mu/ place ! foll[+ bad effects3 ,! great smoo?ness & slipp]9ess ( ! bo>ds dur+ ! fir/ few days aft] e application ( ! dress+1 :i* =bids ! use ( ! latt] on /eps1 floors ( gymnasia1 danc+ floors1 etc4 ,! fact t ! oil or grease p5etrates ! soles ( ! boots or %oes1 ! hems ( ladies' dresses1 & ?+s accid5tally fall+ to ! floor are soil$ & spott$4 ,besides ^! !re is1 especially dur+ ! fir/ few days aft] application1 ! dirty d>k coloration :i* ! bo>ds take on aft] protract$ use ( ! oils4 ,f9ally1 !re is ! consid]able co/ ( any process1 especially = small] rooms & ap>tm5ts4 ,9 s*oolrooms & railroad wait+ rooms & o!r places mu* frequ5t$ by *ildr5 & o!rs we>+ %oes set ) iron1 ! bo>ds soon become smoo? f we>1 & = su* places ! process is n suit$4 ,accord+ to o!r s\rces ( in=mation1 ^! evil t5d5cies ( ! application vani% altoge!r1 or are r$uc$ to a m9imum1 if 7#a7 entirely fre%1 or at lea/1 n rancid oils be us$2 7#b7 if1 aft] ea* oil+1 a few days be all[$ to elapse be=e us+ ! *amb] or hall1 & f9ally 7#c71 if resort is n _h to co/ly =eign special prep>ations1 b ,g]man goods1 procurable at :olesale 9 any quantity1 & at v l[ figures4 ,! la/ advice 7to use l[-pric$ prep>ations7 seems s5sible s9ce accord+ to rec5t exp]im5ts1 none ( ! oils exp]im5t$ ^u possess any especial advantages ov] ! o!rs4 ,an ov]:elm+ majority ( ! laboratories = exam9ation h giv5 a v]dict 9 favor ( oil z a du/-suppress+ application = floors1 & h express$ a desire to see x 9 univ]sal use4 ,! foll[+ is a sugge/ion put =? = ! use ( v>i\s prep>ations3 ,?is du/-absorb+ ag5t has = its object to take up ! du/ 9 sweep+ floors1 etc41 & to prev5t its developm5t4 ,! production is z foll[s3 ,mix 9 an intimate mann] #ab p>ts1 by weight1 ( m9]al sp]m oil ) #hh p>ts1 by weight1 ( ,roman or ,portl& cem5t1 add+ a few drops ( mirbane oil4 ,^u /irr+ a uni=m pa/e =ms at fir/1 :i* !n passes into a greasy1 s&y mass4 ,?is mass is spr9kl$ ^u ! surface to be swept & clean$ ( du/1 next go+ ov] x ) a broom or simil> object 9 ! cu/om>y mann]1 at :i* op]ation ! du/ w mix ) ! mass4 ,! prep>ation c be us$ repeat$ly4 ,,hunyadi ,,wat]3 ,see ,wat]4 ,,hydro*9on ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,hydrog51 ,,amalgams ,,z ,a ,,s\rce ,,( ,,nasc5t3 ,see ,amalgams4 ,,hydrog5 ,,p]oxide ,,z ,a ,,pres]vative3 ,see ,pres]v+4 ,,hydromet] ,,& ,,its ,,use4 ,fill ! tall cyl9d] or te/ glass ) ! _s to be te/$ & see t x is ( ! prop] temp]ature 7#fj ,f474 ,%\ld ! !rmomet] indicate a high] temp]ature wrap ! cyl9d] 9 clo?s :i* h be5 dipp$ 9 cold wat] until ! temp]ature falls to ! requir$ degree4 ,if too l[ a temp]ature is indicat$1 rev]se ! process1 us+ w>m in/ead ( cold applications4 ,:5 #fj is rea*$ note ! specific gravity on ! float+ hydromet]4 ,h ! cyl9d] fill$ to ! top & look across ! top ( ! liquid at ! m>k on ! hydromet]4 ,?is is to preclude an #djb incorrect read+ by possible refraction 9 ! glass cyl9d]4 ,,hygromet]s ,,& ,,hygroscopes3 ,pap] ,hygromet]s4--,pap] hygromet]s are made by saturat+ :ite blott+ pap] ) ! foll[+ liquid & !n hang+ up to dry3 ,cobalt *loride #a ounce ,sodium *loride #a_/b ounce ,calcium *loride #ge gra9s ,acacia #a_/d ounce ,wat] #c ounces ,! am\nt ( moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e is r\ghly indicat$ by ! *ang+ color ( ! pap]s1 z foll[s3 ,rose r$ ra9 ,pale r$ v moi/ ,blui% r$ moi/ ,lav5d] blue ne>ly dry ,blue v dry ,color$ ,hygroscopes4--,^! in/rum5ts are (t5 compos$ ( a fl[] or a figure1 ( light musl9 or pap]1 imm]s$ 9 "o ( ! foll[+ solutions3 ,i4--,cobalt *loride #a "p ,gelat9 #aj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,! normal color+ is p9k2 ?is color *anges into violet 9 m$ium humid wea!r & into blue 9 v dry wea!r4 ,,ii4--,cupric *loride #a "p ,gelat9 #aj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,! color is yell[ 9 dry wea!r4 ,,iii4--,cobalt *loride #a "p ,gelat9 #bj p>ts ,nickel oxide #ge p>ts ,cupric *loride #be p>ts ,wat] #bjj p>ts ,! color is gre5 9 dry wea!r4 ,,hyoscyamus1 ,,antidote ,,to3 ,see ,atrop9e4 ,,ice3 ,see also ,refrig]ation4 ,measur+ ! ,weight ( ,ice4--,a close e/imate ( ! weight ( ice c be rea*$ by multiply+ toge!r ! l5g?1 bread?1 & ?ickness ( ! block 9 in*es1 & divid+ ! product by #cj4 ,?is w be v closely ! weight 9 p\nds4 ,?us1 if a block is #aj x #aj x #i1 ! product is #ijj1 & ?is divid$ by #cj gives #cj p\nds z correct weight4 ,a block #aj x #aj x #f weighs #bj p\nds4 ,?is simple me?od c be easily appli$1 & x may s]ve to remove unju/ suspicions1 or to detect %ort weight4 ,to ,keep ,ice 9 ,small ,quantities4--,to keep ice f melt+1 att5tion is call$ to an old pres]v+ me?od4 ,! ice is crack$ ) a hamm] betwe5 #b lay]s ( a /rong clo?4 ,tie ov] a common unglaz$ fl[]-pot1 hold+ ab\t #b to #d qu>ts & plac$ ^u a porcela9 di%1 a piece ( :ite flannel 9 su* a mann] t x is turn$ d[n funnel-l into ! int]ior ( ! pot )\t t\*+ ! bottom4 ,plac$ 9 ?is flannel funnel ! crack$ ice keeps = days4 ,,ice ,,fl[]s4 ,make a #b p] c5t solution ( ! be/ cle> gelat9 9 di/ill$ wat]1 filt]1 & flood ! filtrate ov] any surface :i* x is desir$ to ornam5t4 ,dra9 (f slightly1 & if ! wea!r is suffici5tly cold1 put ! plate1 z ne>ly level z possible1 out into ! cold air to freeze4 ,9 freez+1 wat] is ab/ract$ f ! colloidal portion1 :i* latt] !n assumes an effloresc5t =m1 little fl[]s1 ) exub]ant1 graceful curves ( cry/als1 %[+ up z foliage1 f all ov] ! surface4 ,to pres]ve 9 p]man5t =m all t is necess>y is to flood !m ) absolute alcohol4 ,?is treatm5t removes ! ice1 ?us leav+ a la/+ framework ( gelat9 :i* may be pres]v$ indef9itely4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 z soon z ! gelat9 has become q dry x %\ld be ei!r v>ni%$1 fl[$ ) an alcoholic solution ( cle> %ellac1 or ! gelat9 may be r5d]$ insoluble by contact1 = a few mom5ts1 ) a solution ( potassium bi*romate1 & subsequ5t exposure to sunlight4 ,,imog5 ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,inc5se3 ,see ,fumigants4 ,,incru/ation1 ,,prev5tion ,,(3 ,see ,boil] ,comp\nds4 ,,indigo3 ,see ,dyes4 ,,infant ,,foods3 ,see ,foods4 ,,influ5za ,,9 ,,cattle3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 #djc ,,ink ,,eradicators3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,ignit+ ,,composition4 ,eight p>ts ( p[d]$ manganese1 #aj p>ts ( amorph\s phosphorus1 & #e p>ts ( glue4 ,! glue is soak$ 9 wat]1 dissolv$ 9 ! heat1 & ! manganese & ! phosphorus /irr$ 91 s t a ?9ly liquid pa/e results1 :i* is appli$ by means ( a bru%4 ,all[ to dry well4 ,?is1 be+ free f sulphur1 c be appli$ on mat*-boxes4 ,inks ,,bluepr9t ,,inks4 ,i4--,= r$-writ+ fluids = bluepr9ts1 take a piece ( common wa%+ soda ! size ( an ord9>y bean1 & dissolve x 9 #d tablespoonfuls ( ord9>y r$-writ+ ink1 to make a r$ fluid4 ,to keep x f spread+ too mu*1 use a f9e p5 to apply x )1 & write fa/ s z n to all[ too mu* ( ! fluid to get on ! pap]1 = x w cont9ue eat+ until x is dry4 ,,ii4--,= r$ & :ite solutions = writ+ on bluepr9ts1 dissolve a cry/al ( oxalate ( pota% ab\t ! size ( a pea 9 an ink-bottle full ( wat]4 ,?is w give :ite l9es on bluepr9ts2 o!r pota% solutions are yell[i%4 ,if ?is %[s a t5d5cy to run1 ow+ to too great /r5g?1 add m wat] & ?ick5 slightly ) mucilage4 ,mix ?is ) r$ or any o!r color$ ink ab\t half & half1 & writ+ may be done on ! bluepr9ts 9 colors correspond+ to ! inks us$4 ,,iii4--,add to a small bottle ( wat] en\gh wa%+ soda to make a cle> :ite l9e1 !n add en\gh gum arabic to x to prev5t spread+ & mak+ ragg$ l9es4 ,to make r$ l9es dip ! p5 9 r$ ink & !n add a little ( ! solution by means ( ! quill4 ,,iv4--,= :ite ink1 gr9d z9c oxide f9e on m>ble & incorporate ) x a mucilage made ) gum tragacan?4 ,?9 a little = use4 ,add a little oil ( cloves to prev5t mold1 & %ake f "t to "t4 ,v4--,a fluid :i* is z good z any = writ+ :ite on bluepr9ts is made ( equal p>ts ( sal soda & wat]4 ,,vi4--,mix equal p>ts ( borax & wat]4 ,bo? ^! fluids1 ,v & ,,vi1 mu/ be us$ ) a f9e-po9t$ p52 a p5 ) a blunt po9t w n "w well4 ,,draw+ ,,inks3 ,blue ,rul+ ,ink4--,good vitriol1 #d ounces2 indigo1 #a ounce4 ,pulv]ize ! indigo1 add x to ! vitriol1 & let x /& expos$ to ! air = #f days1 or until dissolv$2 !n fill ! pots ) *alk1 add fre% gall1 #a_/b gill1 boil+ x be=e use4 ,black ,rul+ ,ink4--,take good black ink1 & add gall z = blue4 ,d n cork x1 z ?is prev5ts x f turn+ black4 ,c>bon ,ink4--,dissolve real ,india ink 9 common black ink1 or add a small quantity ( lampblack previ\sly heat$ to r$ness1 & gr\nd p]fectly smoo?1 ) a small portion ( ! ink4 ,c>m9e4--,! ord9>y solution ( c>m9e 9 ammonia wat]1 aft] a %ort "t 9 contact ) /eel1 becomes blacki% r$1 b an ink may be made t w reta9 its brilliant c>m9e color to ! la/ by ! foll[+ process1 giv5 by ,d+l]3 ,triturate #a "p ( pure c>m9e ) #ae p>ts ( acetate ( ammonia solution1 ) an equal quantity ( di/ill$ wat] 9 a porcela9 mort>1 & all[ ! :ole to /& = "s "t4 ,9 ?is way1 a portion ( ! alum9a1 :i* is comb9$ ) ! c>m9e dye1 is tak5 up by ! acetic acid ( ! ammonia salt1 & sep>ates z a precipitate1 :ile ! pure pigm5t ( ! co*9eal rema9s dissolv$ 9 ! half-saturat$ ammonia4 ,x is n[ filt]$ & a few drops ( pure :ite sug> syrup add$ to ?ick5 x4 ,a solution ( gum arabic _c be us$ to ?ick5 x1 s9ce ! ink /ill conta9s "s acetic acid1 :i* w\ld coagulate ! bassor9e1 "o ( ! con/itu5ts ( ! gum4 ,liquid ,indelible ,draw+ ,ink4--,dissolve1 by boil+1 #b p>ts ( blond 7gold5 yell[7 %ellac 9 #a4f p>ts1 by weight1 ( sal ammoniac1 #af1 ) #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( di/ill$ wat]1 & filt] ! solution ?r\gh a wool5 clo?4 ,n[ dissolve or gr9d #j4e p>ts1 by weight1 ( %ellac solution ) #j4ja "p1 by weight1 ( c>bon black4 ,also dissolve 4#jc p>ts ( nigros9 9 #j4d p>ts ( di/ill$ wat] & p\r bo? solutions toge!r4 ,! mixture is all[$ to settle = #b days & ! ready ink is drawn (f f ! s$im5t4 ,,glass1 ,,celluloid1 ,,& ,,metal ,,inks3 ,see also ,et*+4 ,mo/ inks = glass w also write on celluloid & ! metals4 ,! foll[+ #djd ,i & ,,ii are ! mo/ widely kn[n recipes3 ,i4--,9 #ejj p>ts ( wat] dissolve #cf p>ts ( sodium fluoride & #g p>ts ( sodium sulphate4 ,9 ano!r vessel dissolve 9 ! same am\nt ( wat] #ad p>ts ( z9c *loride & to ! solution add #ef p>ts ( conc5trat$ hydro*loric acid4 ,to use1 mix equal volumes ( ! two solutions & add a little ,india ink2 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( ?is1 rub up a little lampblack ) x4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to say t ! mixture %\ld n be put 9 glass conta9]s1 unless !y are well coat$ int]nally ) p>aff9e1 wax1 gutta-p]*a1 or "s simil> mat]ial4 ,to avoid ! inconv5i5ce ( keep+ ! solutions 9 sep>ate bottles1 mix !m & pres]ve 9 a rubb] bottle4 ,a quill p5 is be/ to use 9 writ+ ) ?is prep>ation1 b metallic p5s may be us$1 if q clean & new4 ,,ii4--,9 #aej p>ts ( alcohol dissolve #bj p>ts ( ros91 & add to ?is1 drop by drop1 /irr+ cont9u\sly1 a solution ( #ce p>ts ( borax 9 #bej p>ts ( wat]4 ,?is be+ accompli%$1 dissolve 9 ! solution suffici5t me?yl5e blue to give x ! desir$ t9t4 ,ink = ,writ+ on ,glaz$ ,c>dbo>d4--,! foll[+ are especially recomm5d$ = use on celluloid3 ,i4--,dissolve #d dra*ms ( br[n %ellac 9 #d ounces ( alcohol4 ,dissolve #g dra*ms ( borax 9 #f ounces ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,p\r ! fir/ solution sl[ly into ! second & c>efully mix !m1 aft] :i* add #ab gra9s ( anil9e dye ( ! desir$ color4 ,violet1 blue1 gre51 r$1 yell[1 orange1 or black anil9e dyes c be us$4 ,su* inks may be us$ = writ+ on bottles1 & ! glass may be clean$ ) wat] )\t ! inscription be+ impair$4 ,,ii4--,f]ric *loride #aj p>ts ,tann9 #ae p>ts ,acetone #ajj p>ts ,dissolve ! f]ric *loride 9 a portion ( ! acetone & ! tann9 9 ! residue1 & mix ! solutions4 ,,iii4--,dissolve a t> dye/uff ( ! desir$ color 9 anhydr\s acetic acid4 ,indelible ,inks = ,glass or ,metal4--,s*obel recomm5ds ! foll[+ inks = m>k+ articles ( glass1 glass slips = microscopy1 reag5t flasks1 etc41 9 black3 ,i4--,sodium silicate #a to #b p>ts ,liquid ,india ink #a "p ,= :ite3 ,,ii4--,sodium wat] glass #c to #d p>ts ,*9ese :ite #a "p ,in/ead ( ,*9ese :ite1 a suffici5t am\nt ( ! s-call$ p]man5t :ite 7b>ium sulphate7 may be us$4 ,! conta9]s = ^! inks %\ld be kept air-tight4 ,! writ+ 9 ei!r case is n attack$ by any reag5t us$ 9 microscopical te*nique b may be readily scrap$ away ) a knife4 ,! slips or o!r articles %\ld be z ne> *emically clean z possible1 be=e attempt+ to write on !m4 ,accord+ to ,s*uh1 a mixture ( a %ellac solution & :it+ or precipitat$ *alk answ]s v well = m>k+ glass4 ,any color may be mix$ ) ! *alk4 ,if ! glass is ?or\ghly clean$ ) alcohol or e!r1 ei!r a quill p5 or a camel's-hair p5cil 7or a fre%1 clean /eel p57 may be us$4 ,ink on ,m>ble4--,ink m>ks on m>ble may be remov$ ) a pa/e made by dissolv+ an ounce ( oxalic acid & half an ounce ( butt] ( antimony 9 a p9t ( ra9 wat]1 & add+ suffici5t fl\r to =m a ?9 pa/e4 ,apply ?is to ! /a9s ) a bru%2 all[ x to rema9 on #c or #d days & !n wa% x (f4 ,make a second application1 if necess>y4 ,p]petual ,ink4--,i4--,pit*1 #c p\nds2 melt ov] ! fire1 & add ( lampblack1 #c_/d p\nd2 mix well4 ,,ii4--,tr9idad asphaltum & oil ( turp5t9e1 equal p>ts4 ,us$ 9 a melt$ /ate to fill 9 ! lett]s on tomb/ones1 m>bles1 etc4 ,)\t actual viol5ce1 x w endure z long z ! /one itself4 ,ink = ,/eel ,tools4--,h a rubb] /amp made ) :ite lett]s on a black gr\nd4 ,make up an ink to use ) ?is /amp1 z foll[s3 ,ord9>y ros91 #a_/b p\nd2 l>d oil1 #a tablespoonful2 lampblack1 #b tablespoonfuls2 turp5t9e1 #b tablespoonfuls4 ,melt ! ros91 & /ir 9 ! o!r +r$i5ts 9 ! ord] giv54 ,:5 ! ink is cold x %\ld look l ord9>y pr9t]s' ink4 ,spread a little ( ?is ink ov] ! pad & ink ! rubb] /amp z usual1 & press x on ! clean /eel--saw blade1 = in/ance4 ,h a rope ( s(t putty1 & make a bord] ( putty ar\nd ! /amp$ design z close up to ! lett]+ z possible1 s t no portion ( ! /eel inside ! r+ ( putty is expos$ b ! lett]+4 ,!n p\r into ! putty r+ ! et*+ mixture1 compos$ ( #a ounce ( nitric acid1 #a ounce ( #dje muriatic acid1 & #ab ounces ( wat]4 ,all[ x to re/ = only a m9ute1 draw (f ! acid ) a glass or rubb] syr+e1 & soak up ! la/ trace ( acid ) a moi/ sponge4 ,take (f ! putty1 & wipe (f ! design ) pota% solution fir/1 & !n ) turp5t9e1 & ! job is done4 ,writ+ on ,ivory1 ,glass1 etc4--,nitrate ( silv]1 #c p>ts2 gum arabic1 #bj p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #cj p>ts4 ,dissolve ! gum arabic 9 two-?irds ( ! wat]1 & ! nitrate ( silv] 9 ! o!r ?ird4 ,mix & add ! desir$ color4 ,writ+ on ,z9c 7see also ,horticultural ,inks74--,take #a "p sulphate ( copp] 7copp] vitriol71 #a "p *loride ( potassium1 bo? dissolv$ 9 #ce p>ts wat]4 ,) ?is blue liquid1 writ+ or draw+ may be done ) a common /eel p5 ^u z9c :i* has be5 poli%$ bright ) em]y pap]4 ,aft] ! writ+ is done ! plates are put 9 wat] & left 9 x = "s "t1 !n tak5 out & dri$4 ,! writ+ w rema9 intact z long z ! z9c4 ,if ! writ+ or draw+ %\ld be br[n1 #a "p sulphate ( iron 7gre5 vitriol7 is add$ to ! above solution4 ,! *emicals are dissolv$ 9 w>m wat] & ! latt] mu/ be cold be=e x c be us$4 ,,gold ,,ink4 ,i4--,! be/ gold ink is made by rubb+ up gold leaf z ?or\ghly z possible ) a little honey4 ,! honey is !n wa%$ away ) wat]1 & ! f9ely p[d]$ gold leaf left is mix$ to ! consi/5cy ( a writ+ ink ) weak gum wat]4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! f95ess ( ! gold p[d]1 i4 e41 ^u ! dilig5ce ) :i* x has be5 work$ ) ! honey4 ,precipitat$ gold is f9] ?an c be got by any rubb+1 b its color is wrong1 be+ d>k br[n4 ,! above gold ink %\ld be us$ ) a quill p54 ,,ii4--,an imitation gold or bronze ink is compos$ by gr9d+ #a1jjj p>ts ( p[d]$ bronze ( h&some color ) a v>ni% prep>$ by boil+ toge!r #ejj p>ts ( nut oil1 #bjj p>ts ( g>lic1 #ejj p>ts ( cocoanut oil1 #ajj p>ts ( ,naples yell[1 & z mu* ( si5na4 ,,horticultural ,,ink4 ,i4--,*lorate ( plat9um1 #a_/d ounce2 s(t wat]1 #a p9t4 ,dissolve & pres]ve x 9 glass4 ,us$ ) a clean quill to write on z9c labels4 ,x almo/ imm$iately turns black1 & _c be remov$ by wa%+4 ,! addition ( gum & lampblack1 z recomm5d$ 9 c]ta9 books1 is unnecess>y1 & ev5 prejudicial to ! quality ( ! ink4 ,,ii4--,v]digris & sal ammoniac1 ( ea* #a_/b ounce2 levigat$ lampblack1 #a_/b ounce2 common v9eg>1 #a_/d p9t2 mix ?or\ghly4 ,us$ z ! la/1 = ei!r z9c1 iron1 or /eel4 ,,iii4--,blue vitriol1 #a ounce2 sal ammoniac1 #a_/b ounce 7bo? 9 p[d]72 v9eg>1 #a_/d p9t2 dissolve4 ,a little lampblack or v]milion may be add$1 b x is n necess>y4 ,use ,no4 ,i1 = iron1 t91 or /eel plate4 ,,indelible ,,inks4 ,^! are also frequ5tly call$ wat]pro(1 incorrodible1 or inde/ructible inks4 ,!y are employ$ = writ+ labels on bottles conta9+ /rong acids & alkal9e solutions4 ,!y may be employ$ ) /amps1 types or /5cil plates1 by :i* great] neatness w be secur$ ?an c be obta9$ ) ei!r a bru% or p54 ,! foll[+ is a sup]ior prep>ation = laundry use3 ,anil9e oil #he p>ts ,potassium *lorate #e p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #dd p>ts ,hydro*loric acid1 pure 7specific gravity1 #a4abd7 #fh p>ts ,copp] *loride1 pure #f p>ts ,mix ! anil9e oil1 potassium *lorate1 & #bf p>ts ( ! wat] & heat 9 a capaci\s vessel1 on ! wat] ba?1 at a temp]ature ( f #age to #aie ,f41 until ! *lorate is entirely dissolv$1 !n add "o-half ( ! hydro*loric & cont9ue ! heat until ! mixture beg9s to take on a d>k] color4 ,dissolve ! copp] *loride 9 ! residue ( ! wat]1 add ! rema9+ hydro*loric acid to ! solution1 & add ! :ole to ! liquid on ! wat] ba?1 & heat ! mixture until x acquires a f9e r$-violet color4 ,p\r into a flask ) a well-fitt+ gr\nd-glass /opp]1 close tightly & set aside = sev]al days1 or until x ceases to ?r[ d[n a precipitate4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 p\r (f ! cle> liquid into small] 7"o dra*m or a dra*m & a half7 conta9]s4 ,?is ink mu/ be us$ ) a quill p51 & is especially good = l95 or cotton fabrics1 b does n answ] s well = silk or wool5 goods4 ,:5 fir/ us$1 x appe>s z a pale r$1 b on wa%+ ) soap or alkalies1 or on exposure to #djf ! air1 becomes a deep1 dead black4 ,! foll[+ is a modification ( ! =ego+3 ,blue ,indelible ,ink4--,?is ink has ! reputation ( resi/+ n only wat] & oil1 b alcohol1 oxalic acid1 alkalies1 ! *lorides1 etc4 ,x is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,dissolve #d p>ts ( gum lac 9 #cf p>ts ( boil+ wat] c>ry+ #b p>ts ( borax4 ,filt] & set aside4 ,n[ dissolve #b p>ts ( gum arabic 9 #d p>ts ( wat] & add ! solution to ! filtrate4 ,f9ally1 aft] ! solution is q cold1 add #b p>ts ( p[d]$ indigo & dissolve by agitation4 ,let /& = sev]al h\rs1 !n decant1 & put 9 small bottles4 ,r$ ,indelible ,inks4--,by proce$+ accord+ to ! foll[+ =mula1 an int5se purple-r$ color may be produc$ on fabrics1 :i* is indelible 9 ! cu/om>y s5se ( ! ^w3 #a4--,sodium c>bonate #c dra*ms ,gum arabic #c dra*ms ,wat] #ab dra*ms #b4--,plat9ic *loride #a dra*m ,di/ill$ wat] #b ounces #c4--,/ann\s *loride #a dra*m ,di/ill$ wat] #d dra*ms ,moi/5 ! place to be writt5 ^u ) ,no4 #a & rub a w>m iron ov] x until dry2 !n write ) ,no4 #b1 &1 :5 dry1 moi/5 ) ,no4 #c4 ,an int5se & beautiful purple-r$ color is produc$ 9 ?is way4 ,a v ri* purple color--! purple ( ,cassius--may be produc$ by sub/itut+ a solution ( gold *loride = ! plat9ic *loride 9 ! above =mula4 ,crimson ,indelible ,ink4-- ,! foll[+ =mula makes an indelible crimson ink3 ,silv] nitrate #ej p>ts ,sodium c>bonate1 cry/al #ge p>ts ,t>t>ic acid #af p>ts ,c>m9e #a "p ,ammonia wat]1 /ronge/ #bhh p>ts ,sug>1 :ite1 cry/alliz$ #cf p>ts ,gum arabic1 p[d]$ #fj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #djj p>ts ,dissolve ! silv] nitrate & ! sodium c>bonate sep>ately1 ea* 9 a portion ( ! di/ill$ wat]1 mix ! solutions1 collect ! precipitate on a filt]1 wa%1 & put ! wa%$ precipitate1 /ill moi/1 into a mort>4 ,to ?is add ! t>t>ic acid1 & rub toge!r until eff]vesc5ce ceases4 ,n[1 dissolve ! c>m9e 9 ! ammonia wat] 7:i* latt] %\ld be ( specific gravity 4#hhb1 or conta9 #cd p] c5t ( ammonia71 filt]1 & add ! filtrate to ! silv] t>trate magma 9 ! mort>4 ,add ! sug> & gum arabic1 rub up toge!r1 & add gradually1 ) con/ant agitation1 suffici5t di/ill$ wat] to make #djj p>ts4 ,gold ,indelible ,ink4--,make two solutions z foll[s3 #a4--;,*loride ( gold & sodium #a "p ,wat] #aj p>ts ,gum #b p>ts #b4--,oxalic acid #a "p ,wat] #e p>ts ,gum #b p>ts ,! clo? or /uff to be writt5 on %\ld be moi/5$ ) liquid ,no4 #b4 ,let dry1 & !n write ^u ! prep>$ place ) liquid ,no4 #a1 us+ pref]ably a quill p54 ,pass a hot iron ov] ! m>k1 press+ heavily4 ,,india1 ,,*9a1 ,,or ,,japan ,,ink4 ,ink by ^! names is bas$ on lampblack1 & prep>$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,_m makes fl[ less easily f ! p5 ?an o!r inks1 & are less durable ?an ink t writes pal] & aft]w>ds turns black4 ,! ink is usually unfitt$ = /eel p5s1 b applies well ) a bru%4 ,i4--,lampblack 7f9e/7 is gr\nd to a pa/e ) v weak liquor ( potassa1 & ?is pa/e is !n diffus$ ?r\gh wat] slightly alkaliz$ ) potassa1 aft] :i* x is collect$1 wa%$ ) clean wat]1 & dri$2 ! dry p[d] is next levigat$ to a smoo?1 /iff pa/e1 ) a /rong filt]$ decoction ( c>rage5 or ,iri% moss1 or ( qu9ce se$1 a few drops ( ess5ce ( musk1 & ab\t half z mu* ess5ce ( amb]gris be+ add$1 by way ( p]fume1 t[>d ! end ( ! process2 ! mass is1 la/ly1 mold$ into cakes1 :i* are ornam5t$ ) ,*9ese *>act]s & devices1 z soon z !y are dry & h>d4 ,,ii4--,a weak solution ( f9e gelat9 is boil$ at a high temp]ature 9 a dige/] = #b h\rs1 & !n 9 an op5 vessel = #a h\r m4 ,! liquid is next filt]$ & evaporat$ to a prop] consi/5cy1 ei!r 9 a /eam- or #djg salt-wat] ba?4 ,x is1 la/ly1 made into a pa/e1 z be=e1 ) lampblack :i* has be5 previ\sly heat$ to dull r$ness 9 a well-clos$ crucible4 ,nei!r ( ! above gelat9izes 9 cold wea!r1 l ! ord9>y imitations4 ,to ,keep ,india ,ink ,liquid4--,if "o has to "w ) ! ink = "s "t1 a small piece %\ld be dissolv$ 9 w>m wat] & ! t5? "p ( glyc]9e add$1 :i* mixes intimately ) ! ink aft] %ak+ = a %ort "t4 ,india ink ?us prep>$ w keep v well 9 a cork$ bottle1 & if a black jelly %\ld =m 9 ! cold1 x is quickly dissolv$ by heat+4 ,! ink fl[s well f ! p5 & does n wipe4 ,,ink ,,p[d]s ,,& ,,loz5ges4 ,any ( ^! p[d]s may1 by ! addition ( mucilage ( gum arabic1 be made into loz5ges or buttons--! 8ink buttons0 or 8ink /ones0 9 use abroad & mu* affect$ by travel]s4 ,! foll[+ makes a good s]viceable black ink1 on mac]at+ ! p[d] 9 #ajj times its weight ( ra9 or di/ill$ wat] = a few days3 ,i4--,p[d]$ gallnuts #af p>ts ,gum arabic #h p>ts ,cloves #a "p ,iron sulphate #aj p>ts ,put into an e>!nw>e or glass vessel1 cov] ) #ajj p>ts ( ra9 or di/ill$ wat]1 & set aside = #aj days or #b weeks1 giv+ an occasional %ake ! fir/ #c or #d days4 ,decant & bottle = use4 ,! foll[+ is ready = use in/antly on be+ dissolv$ 9 wat]3 ,,ii4--,aleppo gallnuts #hd p>ts ,dut* ,madd] #f p>ts ,p[d]1 mix1 moi/51 & pack into ! p]colator4 ,extract ) hot wat]1 filt]1 & press out4 ,to ! filtrate add #d p>ts ( iron acetate 7or pyroacetate7 & #b #a_/b p>ts ( t9cture ( indigo4 ,put into ! wat] ba? & evaporate to dryness & p[d] ! dry residue4 ,,li?ographic ,,inks4 ,^! are = writ+ on li?ographic /ones or plates3 ,i4--,ma/ic 79 te>s71 #h ounces2 %ellac1 #ab ounces2 ,v5ice turp5t9e1 #a ounce4 ,melt toge!r1 add wax1 #a p\nd2 tall[1 #f ounces4 ,:5 dissolv$1 add h>d tall[ soap 79 %av+s71 #f ounces2 & :5 ! :ole is p]fectly comb9$1 add lampblack1 #d ounces4 ,mix well1 cool a little1 & !n p\r x into molds1 or ^u a slab1 & :5 cold cut x into squ>e pieces4 ,,ii4 7,la/eyrie74--,dry tall[ soap1 ma/ic 79 te>s71 & common soda 79 f9e p[d]71 ( ea*1 #cj p>ts2 %ellac1 #aej p>ts2 lampblack1 #ab p>ts4 ,mix z indicat$ 9 ,=mula ,i4 ,,m>k+ ,,or ,,label+ ,,inks3 ,black ,m>k+ ,inks4-- ,i4--,borax #fj p>ts ,%ellac #ahj p>ts ,boil+ wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,lampblack1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! borax 9 ! wat]1 add ! %ellac to ! solution & /ir until dissolv$4 ,rub up a little lampblack ) suffici5t ( ! liquid to =m a pa/e1 & add ! re/ ( ! solution a little at a "t & ) con/ant rubb+4 ,te/1 & if n black en\gh1 repeat ! op]ation4 ,to get ! be/ effect--a pure jet-black--! lampblack %\ld be purifi$ & fre$ f ! calcium phosphate always pres5t 9 ! comm]cial article to ! ext5t1 frequ5tly1 ( #he to #hg p] c5t1 by treat+ ) hydro*loric acid & wa%+ ) wat]4 ,,ii4--,an ink t no?+ w blea* is made by mix+ pyrogallic acid & sulphate ( iron 9 equal p>ts4 ,p>ticul>ly useful = m>k+ labels on bottles conta9+ acids4 ,v>ni% ! label aft] ! ink is dry s t moi/ure w n affect x4 ,,color$ ,,m>k+ ,,inks3 ,eos9e ,r$4-- ,eos9e ,b #a dra*m ,solution ( m]curic *loride #b dra*ms ,mucilage ( acacia #b dra*ms ,rectifi$ _s #d ounces ,oil ( lav5d] #a drop ,di/ill$ wat] #h ounces ,dissolve ! eos9e 9 ! solution & #b ounces ( wat]1 add ! mucilage1 & mix1 !n ! oil dissolv$ 9 ! _s1 & f9ally make up4 ,orange4-- ,anil9e orange #a dra*m ,sug> #b dra*ms ,di/ill$ wat] to #d ounces ,blue4-- ,i4--,resorc9 blue #a dra*m ,di/ill$ wat] #f dra*ms ,mix & agitate occasionally = #b h\rs1 !n add3 #djh ,hot di/ill$ wat] #bd ounces ,oxalic acid #aj gra9s ,sug> #a_/b ounce ,%ake well4 ,?is & o!r anil9e inks c be p]fum$ by rubb+ up a drop ( att> ( rose ) ! sug> be=e dissolv+ x 9 ! hot wat]4 ,,ii4--,a solid blue ink1 or m>k+ pa/e1 to be us$ ) a bru% = /5cil+1 is made z foll[s3 ,%ellac1 #b ounces2 borax1 #b ounces2 wat]1 #be ounces2 gum arabic1 #b ounces2 & ultram>9e1 suffici5t4 ,boil ! borax & %ellac 9 "s ( ! wat] till !y are dissolv$1 & )draw f ! fire4 ,:5 ! solution has become cold1 add ! re/ ( ! #be ounces ( wat]1 & ! ultram>9e4 ,:5 x is to be us$ ) ! /5cil1 x mu/ be made ?ick] ?an :5 x is to be appli$ ) a m>k+ bru%4 ,,iii4--,9 a suitable kettle mix well1 /irr+ con/antly1 #ej p>ts ( liquid logwood extract 7#hj p] c5t7 ) #c p>ts ( _s previ\sly m+l$ ) #a "p ( hydro*loric acid1 ma9ta9+ a temp]ature ( #fh ,f4 ,dissolve #e p>ts ( potassium *romate 9 #ae p>ts ( boil+ wat]2 to ?is add #aj p>ts ( hydro*loric acid1 & p\r ?is mixture1 aft] rais+ ! temp]ature to ab\t #hf ,f41 v sl[ly & ) con/ant /irr+ into ! kettle4 ,!n heat ! :ole to #ahe ,f4 ,?is mass1 :i* has n[ assum$ ! nature ( an extract1 is /irr$ a little long]1 & next #ae p>ts ( dextr9 mix$ ) #aj p>ts ( f9e :ite e>? 7:ite bole7 are add$4 ,! :ole is well /irr$ ?r\gh\t4 ,transf] ! mass f ! kettle into a cru%]1 :]e x is ?or\ghly work$ ?r\gh4 ,,pr9t+ ,,inks4 ,black pr9t+ inks owe _! color to f9ely divid$ c>bon made f lampblack1 p9e-wood1 ros9 oil1 etc41 accord+ to ! quality ( ! ink desir$4 ,! f9e/ inks are made f flame-lampblack4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 requirem5ts made ( all pr9t+ inks alike1 & ^! are z foll[s3 ,! ink mu/ be a ?ick & homog5e\s liquid1 x mu/ conta9 no solid matt] b f9ely divid$ c>bon1 & e drop :5 exam9$ microscopically mu/ appe> z a cle> liquid conta9+ black gra9s uni=mly di/ribut$4 ,! consi/5cy ( a pr9t+ ink mu/ be su* t x passes on to ! pr9t+ roll]s at ! prop] rate4 ,x w be obvi\s t v>i\s consi/5cies are dem&$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! ma*9e us$ by ! pr9t]4 ,= a rot>y ma*9e :i* pr9ts _m ?\s&s ( copies an h\r a mu* ?9n] ink w be necess>y ?an t requir$ = art pr9t+ or = sl[ presses4 ,z reg>ds color1 ord9>y pr9t+ ink %\ld be a pure black4 ,= economy's sake1 h[ev]1 newspap] pr9t]s (t5 use an ink s dilut$ t x does n look deep black1 b a grayi% black1 especially 9 l>ge type4 ,! "q ( ! "t t ! ink takes to dry on ! pap] is a v important "o1 especially ) ink us$ = pr9t+ newspap]s :i* are fold$ & pil$ at "o op]ation4 ,if !n ! ink does n dry v quickly1 ! :ole impression smudges & 8sets (f0 s mu* t x becomes illegible 9 places4 ,al?\gh x is ess5tial to h a quick dry+ ink = ?is purpose1 x is dang]\s to g too f>1 = a too quickly dry+ ink w\ld make ! pap] /ick to ! =ms & te> x4 ,a la/ condition :i* mu/ be fulfill$ by a good pr9t+ ink is t x mu/ be easy ( removal f ! type1 :i* has to be us$ aga94 ,no "o composition w answ] e purpose & a numb] ( diff]5t inks are requir$4 ,mak]s ( pr9t+ inks are oblig$1 !re=e1 to "w f def9ite recipes s z to be able to turn out exactly ! same ink aga9 & aga94 ,!y make newspap] ink = rot>y presses1 book-pr9t+ inks1 half-tone inks1 art inks1 etc4 ,z ! recipes h be5 atta9$ only by long1 labori\s1 & co/ly exp]im5ts1 x is obvi\s t ! mak]s are n dispos$ to communicate !m1 & ! recipes t are (f]$ & publi%$ mu/ be look$ ^u ) caution1 z _m ( !m are ( little or no value4 ,9 ! recipes giv5 bel[ = pr9t+ inks1 ! only int5tion is to give h9ts ( ! g5]al composition1 & ! practical man w easily discov] :at1 if any1 alt]ations h to be made 9 ! recipe = 8 special purpose4 ,_m diff]5t mat]ials = ?is manufacture are giv5 9 recipes1 s _m1 9 fact1 t x is impossible to discov] :at use !y are 9 ! ink4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! articles commonly 9 use = ! manufacture ( pr9t+ ink3 ,boil$ l9se$ oil1 boil$ )\t dri]s4 ,ros9 oil f ! dry di/illation ( ros94 ,ros9 itself1 especially ,am]ican p9e ros94 #dji ,soap1 usually ros9-soap1 b occasionally ord9>y soap4 ,lampblack & v>i\s o!r pigm5ts4 ,by ! mo/ "t-honor$ me?od1 l9se$ oil 0 v sl[ly heat$ ov] an op5 fire until x ignit$4 ,x 0 all[$ to burn = a "t & !n ext+ui%$ by putt+ a lid on ! pot4 ,9 ?is way a liquid 0 obta9$ ( a d>k br[n or black color ) p>ticles ( c>bon1 & ) a consi/5cy v>y+ ) ! p]iod ( heat+1 be+ ?ick]1 ! long] ! heat+ 0 cont9u$4 ,if necess>y1 ! liquid 0 !n ?9n$ ) unboil$1 or only v slightly boil$1 l9se$ oil4 ,lampblack 9 ! prop] quantity 0 add$ & ! mixture 0 f9ally rubb$ up on a /one 9 small quantities at a "t to make x uni=m4 ,boil+ ! ,l9se$ ,oil4--,?is process1 al?\gh x goes by ! "n ( boil+1 is n s 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 b a heat+ hav+ = its object an initial oxidation ( ! oil1 s t x w dry bett]4 ,l9se$ oil is a type ( ! dry+ oils1 ^? :i* :5 expos$ 9 ?9 coats to ! air absorb l>ge quantities ( oxyg5 & are !reby conv]t$ into t\gh1 solid %eets hav+ prop]ties v simil> to ^? ( s(t ,india rubb]4 ,! process goes on mu* fa/] ) ! aid ( heat ?an at ! ord9>y temp]ature1 & ! rate at :i* ! boil$ oil w dry 9 ! ink c be exactly regulat$ by heat+ x = a long] or %ort] "t4 ,prolong$ heat+ gives an oil :i* w dry v quickly on exposure 9 ?9 coats to ! air1 ! %ort] ! heat+ ! m sl[ly w ! ink aft]w>ds made ) ! oil dry4 ,l9se$ oil mu/ always be boil$ 9 vessels :]e x has pl5ty ( room1 z ! oil soon swells up & x beg9s to decompose s en]getically at a p>ticul> temp]ature t !re is consid]able risk ( its boil+ ov] & cat*+ fire4 ,v>i\s contrivances h be5 ?\ght out = boil+ l>ge quantities ( ! oil ) safety1 su* z pans ) an outlet pipe 9 ! side1 ?r\gh :i* ! oil escapes :5 x rises too high in/ead ( ov] ! edge ( ! pan1 & fires built on a trolley runn+ on rails1 s t !y c at once be mov$ f "u ! pan if !re is any probability ( ! latt] boil+ ov]4 ,! be/ app>atus = prep>+ ?ick5$ l9se$ oil is und\bt$ly "o 9 :i* ! oil (f]s a v l>ge surface to ! air1 & on t acc\nt requires to be mod]ately heat$ only4 ,! oil soon becomes v ?ick "u ^! conditions & if necess>y c be dilut$ to any requir$ consi/5cy ) unboil$ oil4 ,9 boil+ l9se$ oil d[n to ! prop] ?ickness by ! old me?od !re are two po9ts dem&+ special att5tion4 ,"o is ! liability ( ! oil to boil ov]1 & ! o!r consi/s 9 ! developm5t ( l>ge quantities ( vapor1 mo/ly ( acrole9e1 :i* h a mo/ p[]ful & disagreeable smell1 & an int5se action ^u ! eyes4 ,! att5dant mu/ be protect$ f ^! fumes1 & ! boil+ mu/ !re=e be done :]e !re is a /rong draught to take ! fumes z fa/ z !y are produc$4 ,!re are v>i\s contrivances to cope ) boil+ ov]4 ,savage's ,pr9t+ ,ink4--,pure balsam ( copaiba1 #i ounces2 lampblack1 #c ounces2 indigo & ,prussian blue1 ea* #e dra*ms2 ,indian r$1 #c_/d ounce2 yell[ soap1 #c ounces4 ,mix1 & gr9d to ! utmo/ smoo?ness4 ,ton+ ,black ,inks4--,pr9t]s' inks consi/+ solely ( purifi$ lampblack & vehicle give1 ( c\rse1 impressions :i* are pure black4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 well kn[n t a black :i* has to a practic$ eye a t+e ( blue 9 x looks mu* bett] ?an a pure black4 ,to make su* an ink _m mak]s mix ! lampblack ) a blue pigm5t1 :i* is add$ 9 v f9e p[d] be=e ! fir/ gr9d+4 ,prussian blue is ! pigm5t usually *os5 & gives v attractive results4 ,prussian blue is1 h[ev]1 n a rem>kable /able sub/ance1 & is v apt to turn br[n f ! =mation ( f]ric oxide4 ,h5ce an ink made ) ,prussian blue1 al?\gh x may look v f9e at fir/1 (t5 assumes a dull br[n hue 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,excell5t sub/itutes = ,prussian blue are to be f\nd 9 ! ,indul9e blues4 ,^! are v fa/ dyes1 & inks t9t$ ) !m d n *ange color4 ,z pure indigo is n[ made artificially & sold at a reasonable price1 ?is extremely fa/ dye c also be us$ = t9t+ inks made ) purifi$ lampblack4 ,to ,give ,d>k ,inks a ,bronze or ,*angeable ,hue4--,dissolve #a #a_/b p\nds gum %ellac 9 #a gallon #fe p] c5t alcohol or cologne spirits = #bd h\rs4 ,!n add #ad ounces anil9e r$4 ,let x /& a few h\rs long]1 :5 x w be ready = use4 ,add ?is to good blue1 black1 or o!r d>k ink1 z ne$$ 9 quantities to suit1 :5 if c>efully done #daj !y w be f\nd to h a ri* bronze or *angeable hue4 ,quick ,dry] = ,inks ,us$ on ,bookb9d]s' ,cases4--,beeswax1 #a ounce2 gum arabic 7dissolv$ 9 suffici5t acetic acid to make a ?9 mucilage71 #a_/d ounce2 br[n japan1 #a_/d ounce4 ,incorporate ) #a p\nd ( good cut ink4 ,,inks ,,= ,,/amp ,,pads4 ,! ink us$ on vulcaniz$ rubb] /amps %\ld be su* t :5 appli$ to a suitable pad x rema9s suffici5tly fluid to adh]e to ! /amp4 ,at ! same "t ! fluidity %\ld cease by ! "t ! /amp is press$ ^u an absorb+ surface su* z pap]4 ,=m]ly ^! inks 7 made by rubb+ up pigm5ts 9 fat to a pa/e4 ,su* inks c h>dly be prev5t$1 h[ev]1 f mak+ impressions surr\nd$ by a greasy m>k caus$ by ! fat spread+ 9 ! pores ( ! pap]4 ,n[1 mo/ /amp+ inks are made )\t grease & a prop]ly prep>$ /amp+ ink conta9s no?+ b glyc]9e & coal-t> dye4 ,z ne>ly all ^! dyes dissolve 9 hot glyc]9e ! process ( manufacture is simple en\gh4 ,! dye1 fu*s9e1 me?yl violet1 wat] blue1 em]ald gre51 etc41 is put into a ?9 porcela9 di% ov] :i* conc5trat$ glyc]9e is p\r$1 & ! :ole is heat$ to ne>ly #bab ,f4 ) con/ant /irr+4 ,x is important to use no m glyc]9e ?an is necess>y to keep ! dye dissolv$ :5 ! ink is cold4 ,if ! mass turns gritty on cool+ x mu/ be heat$ up ) m glyc]9e till solution is p]fect4 ,9 deal+ ) coal-t> dyes insoluble 9 glyc]9e1 or ne>ly s1 dissolve !m fir/ 9 ! lea/ possible quantity ( /rong1 hot alcohol4 ,!n add ! glyc]9e & heat till ! _s is evaporat$4 ,to see :e!r ! ink is prop]ly made spread "s ( x on a /rip ( clo? & try x ) a rubb] /amp4 ,on pap]1 ! sep>ate lett]s mu/ be q %>p & di/9ct4 ,if !y run at ! edges !re is too mu* glyc]9e 9 ! ink & m dye mu/ be add$ to x4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! impression is indi/9ct & weak1 ! ink is too ?ick & mu/ be dilut$ by c>efully add+ glyc]9e4 ,anil9e colors are usually employ$ z ! t9t+ ag5ts4 ,! foll[+ is a typical =mula1 ! product be+ a black ink3 ,i4--,nigros9 #c p>ts ,wat] #ae p>ts ,alcohol #ae p>ts ,glyc]9e #gj p>ts ,dissolve ! nigros9 9 ! alcohol1 add ! glyc]9e previ\sly mix$ ) ! wat]1 & rub well toge!r4 ,nigros9 is a t]m appli$ to sev]al comp\nds ( ! same s]ies :i* diff] 9 solubility4 ,9 ! place ( ^! comp\nds x is probable t a mixture w\ld answ] to produce black z sugge/$ by ,hans ,wild] = mak+ writ+ ink4 ,8 =mula = ! mixture is3 ,,ii4--,me?yl violet #c p>ts ,b5gal gre5 #e p>ts ,bism>ck gre5 #d p>ts ,a quantity ( ?is mixture %\ld be tak5 equival5t to ! am\nt ( nigros9 direct$4 ,^! colors are freely soluble 9 wat]1 & yield a deep gre5i%-black solution4 ,! anil9e comp\nd kn[n z brilliant gre5 answ]s 9 place ( ,b5gal gre54 ,z to ! p]man5cy ( color ( ?is or any anil9e ink1 no gu>antee is (f]$4 ,!re are comp>atively few color+ sub/ances t c be consid]$ p]man5t ev5 9 a qualifi$ s5se4 ,among ^!1 *>coal takes a =emo/ place4 ,lampblack rema9s indef9itely unalt]$4 ,?is1 gr\nd v f9ely ) glyc]9e1 w\ld yield an ink :i* w\ld p]haps prove s]viceable 9 /amp+2 b x w\ld be liable to rub (f to a great] ext5t ?an soluble colors :i* p5etrate ! pap] m or less4 ,p]haps ca/or oil w\ld prove a bett] vehicle = insoluble color+ matt]s4 ,almo/ any anil9e color may be sub/itut$ = nigros9 9 ! =ego+ =mula1 & blue1 gre51 r$1 purple1 & o!r inks obta9$4 ,insoluble pigm5ts might also be made to answ] z sugge/$ = lampblack4 ,! foll[+ is said to be a cu%ion t w give color p]man5tly4 ,x consi/s ( a box fill$ ) an ela/ic composition1 saturat$ ) a suitable color4 ,! cu%ion fulfils its purpose = ye>s )\t be+ r5ew$1 always conta9s suffici5t moi/ure1 :i* is drawn f ! atmosph]e1 & cont9ues to act z a color /amp cu%ion s long z a remnant ( ! mass or composition rema9s 9 ! box or receptacle4 ,?is cu%ion or pad is too s(t to be self-support+1 b %\ld be held 9 a l[1 flat pan1 & h a p]man5t clo? cov]4 ,,iii4--,! composition consi/s pref]ably ( #a "p gelat91 #a "p wat]1 #f p>ts glyc]9e1 & #f p>ts color+ matt]4 ,a suitable black color c be #daa made f ! foll[+ mat]ials3 ,"o "p gelat9 glue1 #c p>ts lampblack1 anil9e black1 or a suitable quantity ( logwood extract1 #aj p>ts ( glyc]9e1 #a "p absolute alcohol1 #b p>ts wat]1 #a "p ,v5etian soap1 #a_/e "p salicylic acid4 ,= r$1 blue1 or violet3 ,"o "p gelat9 glue1 #b p>ts anil9e ( desir$ color1 #a "p absolute alcohol1 #aj p>ts glyc]9e1 ,i "p ,v5etian soap1 & #a_/e "p salicylic acid4 ,! foll[+ are additional recipes us$ = ?is purpose3 ,,iv4--,mix & dissolve #b to #d dra*ms anil9e violet1 #ae ounces alcohol1 #ae ounces glyc]9e4 ,! solution is p\r$ on ! cu%ion & rubb$ 9 ) a bru%4 ,! g5]al me?od ( prep>+ ! pad is to swell ! gelat9 ) cold wat]1 !n boil & add ! glyc]9e1 etc4 ,v4--,mix well #af p\nds ( hot l9se$ oil1 #c ounces ( p[d]$ indigo1 or a l quantity ( ,b]l9 blue1 & #h p\nds ( lampblack4 ,= ord9>y sign-/amp+ an ink )\t ! indigo might be us$4 ,by sub/itut+ ultram>9e or ,prussian blue = ! lampblack1 a blue 8ink0 or pa9t w\ld result4 ,inks = ,h& ,/amps4--,z an excipi5t = oily inks1 a mixture ( ca/or oil & crude oleic acid1 9 p>ts v>y+ accord+ to ! color+ mat]ial us$1 is admirable4 ,! foll[+ are examples3 ,black4--,oil soluble nigros9 & crude oleic acid 9 equal p>ts4 ,add #g to #h p>ts ( ca/or oil4 ,r$4--,oil soluble anil9e r$1 #b p>ts2 crude oleic acid1 #c p>ts2 ca/or oil1 f #cj to #fj p>ts1 accord+ to ! int5sity ( color desir$4 ,r$4--,dissolve #a_/d ounce ( c>m9e 9 #b ounces /rong wat] ( ammonia1 & add #a dra*m ( glyc]9e & #c_/d ounce dextr94 ,blue4--,rub #a ounce ,prussian blue ) en\gh wat] to make a p]fectly smoo? pa/e2 !n add #a ounce dextr91 incorporate x well1 & f9ally add suffici5t wat] to br+ x to ! prop] consi/5cy4 ,blue4--,oil soluble anil9e blue1 #a "p2 crude oleic acid1 #b p>ts2 ca/or oil1 #cj to #cb p>ts4 ,violet4--,alcohol1 #ae ounces2 glyc]9e1 #ae ounces2 anil9e violet1 #b to #d dra*ms4 ,mix1 dissolve1 p\r ! solution on ! cu%ion1 & dab on ) a bru%4 ,color ,/amps = ,r\gh ,pap]4--,x has hi!rto be5 impossible to get a satisfactory application = pr9t+ ) rubb] /amps on r\gh pap]4 ,fatty vehicles are necess>y = su* pap]1 & !y injure ! ,india rubb]4 ,x is said1 h[ev]1 t if ! rubb] is fir/ soak$ 9 a solution ( glue1 & !n 9 "o ( tann91 or bi*romate ( pota%1 x becomes imp]vi\s to ! oils or fats4 ,gum arabic c be sub/itut$ = ! glue4 ,indelible ,h&-,/amp ,ink4-- ,i4--,copp] sulphate #bj p>ts ,anil9e *lorate #bj p>ts ,rub up sep>ately to a f9e p[d]1 !n c>efully mix1 & add #aj p>ts ( dextr9 & incorporate4 ,add #e p>ts ( glyc]9e & rub up1 add+ wat]1 a little at a "t1 until a homog5e\s viscid mass is obta9$4 ,an anil9e color is produc$ 9 ! mat]ial1 :i* boil+ does n de/roy4 ,,ii4--,sodium c>bonate #bb p>ts ,glyc]9e #he p>ts ,gum arabic1 9 p[d] #bj p>ts ,silv] nitrate #aa p>ts ,ammonia wat] #bj p>ts ,v5etian turp5t9e #aj p>ts ,triturate ! c>bonate ( sodium1 gum arabic1 & glyc]9e toge!r4 ,9 a sep>ate flask dissolve ! silv] nitrate 9 ! ammonia wat]1 mix ! solution ) ! triturate1 & heat to boil+1 :5 ! turp5t9e is to be add$1 ) con/ant /irr+4 ,aft] /amp+1 expose to ! sunlight or use a hot iron4 ,! quantity ( glyc]9e may be v>i$ to suit circum/ances4 ,:ite ,/amp+ ,ink = ,embroid]y4-- ,z9c :ite #b dra*ms ,mucilage #a dra*m ,wat] #f dra*ms ,triturate ! z9c :ite ) a small quantity ( wat] till q smoo?1 !n add ! mucilage & ! rema9d] ( ! wat]4 ,,/5cil ,,inks4 ,i4--,dissolve #a ounce ( gum arabic 9 #f ounces wat]1 & /ra94 ,?is is ! mucilage4 ,= ,black ,color use drop black1 p[d]$1 & gr\nd ) ! mucilage to extreme f95ess2 = ,blue1 ultram>9e is us$ 9 ! same mann]2 = ,gre51 em]ald gre52 = ,:ite1 flake :ite2 = ,r$1 v]milion1 lake1 or c>m9e2 = ,yell[1 *rome yell[4 ,:5 gr\nd too ?ick !y are ?9n$ #dab ) a little wat]4 ,apply ) a small bru%4 ,,ii4--,triturate toge!r #a p9t p9e soot & #b p9ts ,prussian blue ) a little glyc]9e1 !n add #c p9ts gum arabic & suffici5t glyc]9e to =m a ?9 pa/e4 ,blue ,/5cil ,inks4--,! basis ( ! /5cil inks commonly us$ v>ies to "s ext5t1 "s pref]r+ a mixture ( pigm5ts ) oils1 & o!rs a wat]y %ellac basis4 ,! basis3 ,i4--,%ellac #b ounces ,borax #a #a_/b ounces ,wat] #aj ounces ,boil toge!r until #aj ounces ( solution is obta9$4 ,! color+3 ,prussian blue #a ounce ,*9a clay #a_/b ounce ,p[d]$ acacia #a_/b ounce ,mix ?or\ghly & gradually incorporate ! %ellac solution4 ,,ii4--,prussian blue #b ounces ,lampblack #a ounce ,gum arabic #c ounces ,glyc]9e1 suffici5t4 ,triturate toge!r ! dry p[d]s & !n make into a suitable pa/e ) glyc]9e4 ,indelible ,/5cil ,inks4--,i4--,v>ni% su* z is us$ = ord9>y pr9t+ ink1 #a p\nd2 black sulphuret ( m]cury1 #a p\nd2 nitrate ( silv]1 #a ounce2 sulphate ( iron1 #a ounce2 lampblack1 #b tablespoonfuls4 ,gr9d all well toge!r2 ?9 ) spirits turp5t9e z desir$4 ,,ii4--,sulphate ( manganese1 #b p>ts2 lampblack1 #a "p2 sug>1 #d p>ts2 all 9 f9e p[d] & triturat$ to a pa/e 9 a little wat]4 ,,iii4--,nitrate ( silv]1 #a_/d ounce2 wat]1 #c_/d ounce4 ,dissolve1 add z mu* ( ! /ronge/ liquor ( ammonia z w dissolve ! precipitate =m$ on its fir/ addition4 ,!n add ( mucilage1 #a #a_/b dra*ms1 & a little sap gre51 syrup ( buck?orn1 or f9ely p[d]$ indigo1 to color4 ,?is turns black on be+ held ne> ! fire1 or t\*$ ) a hot iron4 ,,sympa!tic ,,inks3 ,table ( ,sub/ances ,us$ 9 ,mak+ ,sympa!tic ,inks4-- ,= writ+ & = br++ out ! writ+3 ,cobalt *loride1 heat4 ,cobalt acetate & a little saltpet]1 heat4 ,cobalt *loride & nickel *loride mix$1 heat4 ,nitric acid1 heat4 ,sulphuric acid1 heat4 ,sodium *loride1 heat4 ,saltpet]1 heat4 ,copp] sulphate & ammonium *loride1 heat4 ,silv] nitrate1 sunlight4 ,gold tri*loride1 sunlight4 ,f]ric sulphate1 infusion ( gallnuts or f]rocyanide ( potassium4 ,copp] sulphate1 f]rocyanide ( potassium4 ,lead v9eg>1 hydrog5 sulphide4 ,m]curic nitrate1 hydrog5 sulphide4 ,/>* wat]1 t9cture ( iod9e or iod9e vapors4 ,cobalt nitrate1 oxalic acid4 ,f[l]'s solution1 copp] nitrate4 ,soda lye or sodium c>bonate1 ph5olph?ale9e4 ,a sympa!tic ink is "o t is invisible :5 writt51 b :i* c be made visible by "s treatm5t4 ,common milk c be us$ = writ+1 & exposure to /rong heat w scor* & r5d] ! dri$ milk *>act]s visible4 ,! foll[+ inks are develop$ by exposure to ! action ( reag5ts3 ,i4--,^u writ+ ) a v cle> solution ( />* on pap] t conta9s b little siz+1 & submitt+ ! dry *>act]s to ! vapor ( iod9e 7or pass+ ov] !m a weak solution ( potassium iodide71 ! writ+ becomes blue1 & disappe>s "u ! action ( a solution ( hyposulphite ( soda 7#a 9 #a1jjj74 ,,ii4--,*>act]s writt5 ) a weak solution ( ! soluble *loride ( plat9um or iridium become black :5 ! pap] is submitt$ to m]curial vapor4 ,?is ink may be us$ = m>k+ l951 z x is indelible4 ,,iii4--,sulphate ( copp] 9 v dilute solution w produce an invisible writ+1 :i* may be turn$ light blue by vapors ( ammonia4 ,,iv4--,soluble comp\nds ( antimony w become r$ by hydrog5 sulphide vapor4 ,v4--,soluble comp\nds ( ars5ic & ( p]oxide ( t9 w become yell[ by ! same vapor4 ,,vi4--,an acid solution ( iron *loride is dilut$ until ! writ+ is invisible :5 dry4 ,?is writ+ has ! prop]ty ( becom+ r$ by sulphocyanide vapors 7aris+ f ! action ( sulphuric acid on potassium sulphocyanide 9 a long-neck$ flask71 & x disappe>s #dac by ammonia1 & may alt]nately be made to appe> & disappe> by ^! two vapors4 ,,vii4--,write ) a solution ( p>aff9e 9 b5zol4 ,:5 ! solv5t has evaporat$1 ! p>aff9e is invisible1 b becomes visible on be+ du/$ ) lampblack or p[d]$ graphite or smok+ ov] a c&le flame4 ,,viii4--,dissolve #a "p ( a lead salt1 #j4a "p ( uranium acetate1 & ! same quantity ( bismu? citrate 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,!n add1 drop by drop1 a solution ( sal ammoniac until ! :ole becomes transp>5t4 ,aft]w>ds1 mix ) a few drops ( gum arabic4 ,to reveal ! *>act]s trac$ ) ?is ink1 expose !m to ! fumes ( sulphuric acid1 :i* turns !m imm$iately to a d>k br[n4 ,! *>act]s fade away 9 a few m9utes1 b c be r5ew$ by a slight wa%+ ) v dilute nitric acid4 ,,typewrit] ,,ribbon ,,inks4 ,i4--,take vasel9e 7petrolatum7 ( high boil+ po9t1 melt x on a wat] ba? or sl[ fire1 & incorporate by con/ant /irr+ z mu* lamp or p[d]$ drop black z x w take up )\t becom+ granul>4 ,if ! vasel9e rema9s 9 excess1 ! pr9t is liable to h a greasy outl9e2 if ! color is 9 excess1 ! pr9t w n be cle>4 ,remove ! mixture f ! fire1 & :ile x is cool+ mix equal p>ts ( petroleum1 b5z9e1 & rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e1 9 :i* dissolve ! fatty ink1 introduc$ 9 small portions1 by con/ant agitation4 ,! volatile solv5ts %\ld be 9 su* quantity t ! fluid ink is ( ! consi/5ce ( fre% oil pa9t4 ,"o secret ( success lies 9 ! prop] application ( ! ink to ! ribbon4 ,w9d ! ribbon on a piece ( c>dbo>d1 spread on a table sev]al lay]s ( newspap]1 !n unw9d ! ribbon 9 su* l5g?s z may be mo/ conv5i5t1 & lay x flat on ! pap]4 ,apply ! ink1 aft] agitation1 by means ( a s(t bru%1 & rub x well into ! int]/ices ( ! ribbon ) a too?bru%4 ,h>dly any ink %\ld rema9 visible on ! surface4 ,= color$ inks use ,prussian blue1 r$ lead1 etc41 & especially ! anil9e colors4 ,,ii4--,anil9e black #a_/b ounce ,pure alcohol #ae ounces ,conc5trat$ glyc]9e #ae ounces ,dissolve ! anil9e black 9 ! alcohol1 & add ! glyc]9e4 ,ink z be=e4 ,! anil9e inks conta9+ glyc]9e are copy+ inks4 ,,iii4--,alcohol #b ounces ,anil9e color #a_/d ounce ,wat] #b ounces ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,dissolve ! anil9e 9 ! alcohol & add ! wat] & glyc]9e4 ,,iv4--,ca/or oil #b ounces ,cassia oil #a_/b ounce ,c>bolic acid #a_/b ounce ,w>m !m toge!r & add #a ounce ( anil9e color4 ,indelible typewrit] inks may be made by us+ lampblack 9 place ( ! anil9e1 mix+ x ) s(t petrolatum & dissolv+ ! cool$ mass 9 a mixture ( equal p>ts ( b5z9e & turp5t9e4 ,,color+ ,,ag5ts3 ,r$4-- ,i4--,bordeaux r$1 ,o4 ,s4 #ae p>ts ,anil9e r$1 ,o4 ,s4 #ae p>ts ,crude oleic acid #de p>ts ,ca/or oil en\gh to make #a1jjj p>ts ,rub ! colors up ) ! oleic acid1 add ! oil1 w>m+ ! :ole to #ajj to #aaj ,f4 7n high]71 "u con/ant /irr+4 ,if ! color is n suffici5tly int5se = y\r purposes1 rub up a trifle m ( x ) oleic acid1 & add x to ! ink4 ,by a little exp]im5tation y c get an ink exactly to y\r desire 9 ! matt]4 ,blue-,black4-- ,,ii4--,anil9e black1 ,o4 ,s4 #e p>ts ,oleic acid1 crude #e p>ts ,ca/or oil1 quantity suffici5t to #ajj p>ts4 ,violet4-- ,,iii4--,anil9e violet1 ,o4 ,s4 #c p>ts ,crude oleic acid #e p>ts ,ca/or oil1 quantity suffici5t to #ajj p>ts4 ,! p5etration ( ! ink may be increas$ ad libitum by ! addition ( a few drops ( absolute alcohol1 or1 bett]1 ( b5zol4 ,re9k+4--,= re9k+ ribbons use ! foll[+ recipe = black3 ,"o ounce anil9e black2 #ae ounces pure gra9 alcohol2 #ae ounces conc5trat$ glyc]9e4 ,dissolve ! anil9e black 9 ! alcohol & !n add ! glyc]9e4 ,= blue use ,prussian blue1 & = r$ use r$ lead in/ead ( ! anil9e black4 ,?is ink is also good = rubb] /amp pads4 #dad ,,writ+ ,,inks4 ,! common writ+ fluids dep5d mo/ly ^u galls1 logwood1 or anil9e = color+4 ,!re are lit]ally ?\s&s ( =mulas4 ,a few ( ! mo/ reliable h be5 ga!r$ toge!r "h3 ,i4--,aleppo galls 7well bruis$71 #d ounces2 clean s(t wat]1 ,i qu>t2 mac]ate 9 a clean cork$ bottle = #aj days or a =tnight or long]1 ) frequ5t agitation2 !n add ( gum arabic 7dissolv$ 9 a w9eglassful ( wat]71 #a #a_/b ounces2 lump sug>1 #a_/b ounce4 ,mix well1 & aft]w>ds fur!r add ( sulphate ( iron 7gre5 copp]as cru%$ small71 #a #a_/b ounces4 ,agitate occasionally = #b or #c days1 :5 ! ink may be decant$ = use1 b is bett] if ! :ole is left to dige/ toge!r = #b or #c weeks4 ,:5 "t is an object1 ! :ole ( ! +r$i5ts may at once be put into a bottle1 & ! latt] agitat$ daily until ! ink is made2 & boil+ wat] in/ead ( cold wat] may be employ$4 ,product1 #a qu>t ( excell5t ink1 writ+ pale at fir/1 b soon turn+ int5sely black4 ,,ii4--,aleppo galls 7bruis$71 #ab p\nds2 s(t wat]1 #f gallons4 ,boil 9 a copp] vessel = #a h\r1 add+ m wat] to make up = ! portion lo/ by evaporation2 /ra91 & aga9 boil ! galls ) wat]1 #d gallons1 = #a_/b h\r2 /ra9 (f ! liquor1 & boil a ?ird "t ) wat]1 #b #a_/b gallons1 & /ra94 ,mix ! sev]al liquors1 & :ile /ill hot add ( gre5 copp]as 7co>sely p[d]$71 #d #a_/b p\nds2 gum arabic 7bruis$ small71 #d p\nds4 ,agitate until dissolv$1 & aft] defecation /ra9 ?r\gh a hair sieve1 & keep 9 a bung$ cask = use4 ,product1 #ab gallons4 ,,iii4--,aleppo galls 7bruis$71 #ad p\nds2 gum1 #e p\nds4 ,put !m 9 a small cask1 & add boil+ s(t wat]1 #ae gallons4 ,all[ ! :ole to mac]ate1 ) frequ5t agitation1 = a =tnight1 !n fur!r add ( gre5 copp]as1 #e p\nds1 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 #g p9ts4 ,aga9 mix well1 & agitate ! :ole once daily = #b or #c weeks4 ,product1 #ae gallons4 ,br[n ,ink4--,i4--,to make br[n ink1 use = color+ a /rong decoction ( cate*u2 ! %ade may be v>i$ by ! cauti\s addition ( a little weak solution ( bi*romate ( pota%4 ,,ii4--,a /rong decoction ( logwood1 ) a v little bi*romate ( pota%4 ,blue ,ink4--,to make blue ink1 sub/itute = ! black color+ sulphate ( indigo & dilute x ) wat] till x produces ! requir$ color4 ,anticorrosive or ,asiatic ,ink4--,i4--,galls1 #d p\nds2 logwood1 #b p\nds2 pomegranate peel1 #b p\nds2 s(t wat]1 #e gallons4 ,boil z usual2 !n add to ! /ra9$1 decant$ cold liquor1 #a p\nd ( gum arabic1 lump sug> or sug> c&y1 #a_/d p\nd2 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 #c p9ts4 ,product1 #d #a_/b gallons4 ,writes pale1 b fl[s well f ! p51 & soon d>k5s4 ,,ii4--,bruis$ galls1 #ad p\nds2 gum1 #e p\nds4 ,put !m 9 a small cask1 & add ( boil+ wat]1 #ae gallons4 ,all[ ! :ole to mac]ate1 ) frequ5t agitation1 = #b weeks1 !n fur!r add gre5 copp]as1 #e p\nds1 dissolv$ 9 #g p9ts wat]4 ,aga9 mix well1 & agitate ! :ole daily = #b or #c weeks4 ,blue-,black ,ink4--,blue ,aleppo galls 7free f insect p]=ations71 #d #a_/b ounces2 bruis$ cloves1 #a dra*m2 cold wat]1 #dj ounces2 purifi$ sulphate ( iron1 #a #a_/b ounces2 pure sulphuric acid 7by measure71 #ce m9ims2 sulphate ( indigo 79 ! =m ( a pa/e71 :i* %\ld be neutral1 or ne>ly s1 #a ounce4 ,! weights us$ are avoirdupois1 & ! measures apo!c>ies'4 ,place ! galls1 !n bruis$ ) ! cloves1 9 a #ej-ounce bottle1 p\r ^u !m ! wat]1 & dige/1 (t5 daily %ak+ = a =tnight4 ,!n filt] ?r\gh pap] 9 ano!r #ej-ounce bottle4 ,get out also ! refuse galls1 & wr+ out ( x ! rema9+ liquid ?r\gh a /rong1 clean l95 or cotton clo?1 into ! filt]1 9 ord] t z little z possible may be lo/4 ,next put 9 ! iron1 dissolve completely1 & filt] ?r\gh pap]4 ,!n ! acid1 & agitate briskly4 ,la/ly1 ! indigo1 & ?or\ghly mix by %ak+4 ,pass ! :ole ?r\gh pap]2 j filt] out ( "o bottle into ano!r until ! op]ation is f9i%$4 ,,note4--,no gum or sug> is prop] & on no acc\nt mu/ ! acid be omitt$4 ,:5 int5d$ = copy+1 #e #a_/b ounces ( galls is ! quantity4 ,on ! l>ge scale ?is f9e ink is made by p]colation4 ,color$ ,inks4--,inks ( v>i\s colors may be made f a /rong decoction ( ! +r$i5ts us$ 9 dye+1 mix$ ) a little alum or o!r sub/ance us$ z a mordant1 & gum arabic4 ,any ( ! ord9>y wat]-color cakes employ$ 9 draw+ diffus$ ?r\gh wat] may also be us$ = color$ ink4 #dae ,,copy+ ,,ink4 ,?is is usually prep>$ by add+ a little sug> to ord9>y black ink1 :i* = ?is purpose %\ld be v ri* 9 color1 & pref]ably made galls prep>$ by heat4 ,writ+ execut$ ) ?is ink may be copi$ )9 ! space ( #e or #f h\rs1 by pass+ x ?r\gh a copy+ press 9 contact ) ?91 unsiz$ pap]1 slightly damp$1 enclos$ betwe5 #b %eets ( ?ick oil$ or wax$ pap]1 :5 a rev]s$ transcript w be obta9$1 :i* w read 9 prop] ord] :5 ! back ( ! copy is turn$ upw>ds4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a press a copy may be tak51 :5 ! ink is good & ! writ+ v rec5t1 by roll+ ! %eets1 duly arrang$ on a rul]1 ov] ! surface ( a flat1 smoo? table1 employ+ z mu* =ce z possible1 & avoid+ any slipp+ or crumbl+ ( ! pap]4 ,ano!r me?od is to pass a w>m flatiron ov] ! pap] laid ^u ! writ+4 ,! foll[+ proportions are employ$3 ,i4--,sug> c&y or lump sug>1 #a ounce2 or molasses or moi/ sug>1 #a #a_/d ounces2 ri* black ink1 #a #a_/b p9ts2 dissolve4 ,,ii4--,malt wort1 #a p9t2 evaporate x to ! consi/5ce ( a syrup1 & !n dissolve x 9 good black ink1 #a #a_/d p9ts4 ,,iii4--,solazza juice1 #b ounces2 mild ale1 #a_/b p9t2 dissolve1 /ra91 & triturate ) lampblack 7previ\sly heat$ to dull r$ness 9 a cov]$ vessel71 #a_/d ounce2 :5 ! mixture is complete1 add ( /rong black1 #a #a_/b p9ts2 mix well1 & 9 #b or #c h\rs decant ! cle>4 ,aft] mak+ ! above mixtures1 !y mu/ be tri$ ) a common /eel p51 & if !y d n fl[ freely1 "s m unprep>$ ink %\ld be add$ until !y are f\nd to d s4 ,aliz>9e ,blue4--,9 #bj p>ts ( fum+ sulphuric acid dissolve #e p>ts ( indigo1 & to ! solution add #ajj p>ts ( extract ( aque\s myrobal\s & #aj4e p>ts iron fil+s or turn+ %av+s4 ,f9ally add3 ,gum arabic #a4e p>ts ,sug> #g4e p>ts ,sulphuric acid1 #ff ,b #aj4e p>ts ,anil9e blue #a4e p>ts ,c>bolic acid #j4e p>ts ,mirobalan extract to make #a1jjj p>ts4 ,?is ink :5 fir/ us$ has a blui% t9t1 aft]w>ds becom+ black4 ,aliz>9e ,gre54--,9 #ajj p>ts ( aque\s extract ( gall apples dissolve3 ,iron sulphate #cj p>ts ,copp] sulphate #j4e p>ts ,sulphuric acid #b p>ts ,sug> #h p>ts ,wood v9eg>1 rectifi$ #ej p>ts ,indigo c>m9e #cj p>ts ,copy+ ,ink = ,copy+ ,)\t a ,press4--,an ord9>y ?9-pap] copy+ book may be us$1 & ! copy+ done by transf]5ce4 ,x is only necess>y to place ! page ( writ+ 9 ! lett] book1 j z "o w\ld use a leaf ( blott+ pap]4 ,! sup]flu\s ink t w\ld g into ! blott+ pap] goes on to ! leaf ( ! lett] book1 & %[+ ?r\gh ! ?9 pap] gives on ! o!r side ( ! leaf a p]fect transcript ( ! lett]4 ,any excess ( ink on ! page1 ei!r ( ! lett] or ( ! copy+ pap]1 is remov$ by plac+ a %eet ( blott+ pap] betwe5 !m1 & runn+ "o's h& firmly ov] ! :ole 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,?is ready transcription is accompli%$ by us+ ink :i* dries sl[ly4 ,obvi\sly ! ink mu/ dry suffici5tly sl[ly = ! *>act]s at ! top ( a page ( writ+ to rema9 wet :5 ! la/ l9e is be+ writt51 :ile x mu/ dry suffici5tly to preclude any *ance ( ! copi$ page be+ sme>$ :ile subsequ5t pages are be+ cov]$4 ,! dry+ mu/ also be suffici5tly rapid to prev5t ! *>act]s 8sett+ (f10 z pr9t]s t]m x1 f "o page on to ano!r aft] fold+4 ,! =mula = ! requisite ink is v simple3 ,r$uce by evaporation #aj volumes ( any good ink to #f1 !n add #d volumes ( glyc]9e4 ,or manufacture "s ink ( ne>ly d\ble /r5g?1 & add to any quantity ( x ne>ly an equal volume ( glyc]9e4 ,gold ,ink4--,mosaic gold1 #b p>ts2 gum arabic1 #a "p2 rubb$ up to a prop] condition4 ,gre5 ,ink4--,a good1 bright gre51 anil9e ink may be made z foll[s3 ,anil9e gre5 7soluble7 #b p>ts ,glyc]9e #af p>ts ,alcohol #aab p>ts ,mucilage ( gum arabic #d p>ts ,dissolve ! anil9e 9 ! alcohol1 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,mo/ ( ! gum arabic precipitates1 b accord+ to ! au?or ( ! =mula 7,nelson7 x has ! effect ( r5d]+ ! ink sl[-fl[+ en\gh to write )4 ,filt]4 #daf ,hectograph ,inks 7see also ,hectograph74--,i4--,black4--,me?yl violet1 #aj p>ts2 nigros91 #bj p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #cj p>ts2 gum arabic1 #e p>ts2 alcohol1 #fj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,blue4--,resorc9 blue ,m1 #aj p>ts4 ,dissolve by means ( heat 9 a mixture (3 ,dilute acetic acid #a "p ,di/ill$ wat] #he p>ts ,glyc]9e #d p>ts ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #aj p>ts ,,iii4--,gre54--,anil9e gre51 wat] solution1 #ae p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #aj p>ts2 ,wat]1 #ej p>ts2 alcohol1 #aj p>ts4 ,pa/e ,ink to ,write ) ,wat]4--,i4--,black4--,take #d p>ts ( bi*romate ( pota%1 pulv]iz$1 & mix$ ) #be p>ts ( acetic acid2 #ej p>ts ( liquid extract ( logwood2 #a_/d "p ( picric acid2 #aj p>ts ( pulv]iz$ sal sorrel2 #aj p>ts ( mucilage2 & #a_/d "p ( citrate ( iron1 & mix well4 ,! liquid extract ( logwood is prep>$ by mix+ #c p>ts ( an extract ( common comm]cial quality ) #b p>ts ( wat]4 ,,ii4--,r$4--,take #a "p ( r$ anil9e mix$ ) #aj p>ts ( acetic acid2 #e p>ts ( citric acid1 & #be p>ts ( mucilage1 all well mix$4 ,= use1 mix #a "p ( ! pa/e ) #af p>ts ( wat]4 ,,iii4--,blue4--,take #b p>ts ( anil9e blue mix$ ) #aj p>ts ( acetic acid2 #e p>ts ( citric acid1 & #dj p>ts ( mucilage1 all well mix$4 ,= use1 mix #a "p ( ! pa/e ) #h p>ts ( wat]4 ,,iv4--,violet4--,use ! same +r$i5ts 9 ! same proportions z blue1 ) ! diff]5ce t violet anil9e is us$ in/ead ( blue anil9e4 ,v4--,gre54--,take #a "p ( anil9e blue2 #c p>ts ( picric acid1 mix$ ) #aj p>ts ( acetic acid2 #c p>ts ( citric acid1 & #hj p>ts ( mucilage4 ,= use1 #a "p ( ?is pa/e is mix$ ) #h p>ts ( wat]4 ,,vi4--,copy+4--,take #f p>ts ( pulv]iz$ bi*romate ( pota%1 mix$ ) #aj p>ts ( acetic acid & #bdj p>ts ( liquid extract ( logwood1 & add a pulv]iz$ mixture ( #ce p>ts ( alum1 #bj p>ts ( sal sorrel1 & #bj p>ts mucilage4 ,mix well4 ,= use1 #a "p ( ?is pa/e is mix$ ) #d p>ts ( hot wat]4 ,purple ,ink4--,i4--,a /rong decoction ( logwood1 to :i* a little alum or *loride ( t9 has be5 add$4 ,,ii4 7,norm&y74--,to #ab p\nds ( ,campea*y wood add z _m gallons ( boil+ wat]4 ,p\r ! solution ?r\gh a funnel ) a /ra9] made ( co>se flannel1 or #a p\nd ( hydrate1 or acetate ( deutoxide ( copp] f9ely p[d]$ 7hav+ at ! bottom ( ! funnel a piece ( sponge72 !n add imm$iately #ad p\nds ( alum1 & = e #cdj gallons ( liquid add #hj p\nds ( gum arabic or gum s5egal4 ,let ^! rema9 = #c or #d days1 & a beautiful purple color w be produc$4 ,r$ ,ink4--,brazil wood1 gr\nd1 #d ounces2 :ite w9e v9eg>1 hot1 #a #a_/d p9ts4 ,dige/ 9 a glass or a well-t9n$ copp] or enamel saucepan1 until ! next day2 !n g5tly simm] = half an h\r1 add+ t[>d ! end gum arabic & alum1 ( ea*1 #a_/b ounce4 ,inks = ,%ad+ ,p54--,! ess5tial feature 9 ! ink = use ) a %ad+ p5 is simply ! addition ( a suffici5t quantity ( acacia or o!r mucilag9\s sub/ance to imp>t a prop] degree ( consi/5cy to ! ink4 ,a mixture ( #b p>ts ( mucilage ( acacia ) #h ( ink gives ab\t ! requir$ consi/5cy4 ,! foll[+ =mulas w probably be f\nd useful3 ,i4--,wat]-soluble nigros9 #a "p ,wat] #i p>ts ,mucilage acacia #a "p ,,ii4--,p>is violet #b p>ts ,wat] #f p>ts ,mucilage acacia #b p>ts ,,iii4--,me?yl violet #a "p ,di/ill$ wat] #g p>ts ,mucilage acacia #b p>ts ,,iv4--,bordeaux r$ #c p>ts ,alcohol #b p>ts ,wat] #bj p>ts ,mucilage acacia #b p>ts ,v4--,rosanil9e acetate #b p>ts ,alcohol #a "p ,wat] #aj p>ts ,mucilage acacia #b p>ts ,silv] ,ink4--,i4--,triturate 9 a mort> equal p>ts ( silv] foil & sulphate ( potassa1 until r$uc$ to a f9e p[d]2 !n wa% ! salt out1 & mix ! residue ) a mucilage ( equal p>ts ( gum arabic wat]4 ,,ii4--,make z gold ink1 b use silv] leaf or silv] bronze p[d]4 ,,iii4--,oxide ( z9c #cj gra9s ,mucilage #a ounce ,_s ( w9e #dj drops ,silv] bronze #c dra*ms ,rub toge!r1 until p]fectly smoo?1 #dag ! z9c & mucilage1 !n add ! _s ( w9e & silv] bronze & make up ! quantity to #b ounces ) wat]4 ,violet ,ink4--,i4--,= #b gallons1 heat #b gills ( alcohol on a wat] ba?4 ,add to ! alcohol #b ounces ( violet anil9e1 & /ir till dissolv$2 !n add ! mixture to #b gallons ( boil+ wat]2 mix well1 & x is ready = use4 ,small] quantities 9 proportion4 ,,ii4--,ano!r good violet ink is made by dissolv+ "s violet anil9e 9 wat] to :i* "s alcohol has be5 add$4 ,x takes v little anil9e to make a l>ge quantity ( ! ink4 ,:ite ,ink 7= o!r ,:ite ,inks see ,bluepr9t ,inks74--,s-call$ :ite inks are1 prop]ly speak+1 :ite pa9ts1 z a :ite solution _c be made4 ,a pa9t suitable = use z an 8ink0 may be made by gr9d+ z9c oxide v f9e on a slab ) a little tragacan? mucilage1 & !n ?9n+ to ! requir$ consi/5cy to fl[ f ! p54 ,! mixture requires %ak+ or /irr+ f "t to "t to keep ! pigm5t f sep>at+4 ,! 8ink0 may be pres]v$ by add+ a little oil ( cloves or o!r antiseptic to prev5t decomposition ( ! mucilage4 ,:ite m>ks may sometimes be made on color$ pap]s by ! application ( acids or alkalies4 ,! result1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds on ! nature ( ! color+ matt] 9 ea* in/ance1 & any 8ink0 ( ?is k9d w\ld be efficaci\s or o!rwise1 accord+ to ! color+ pres5t 9 ! pap]4 ,yell[ ,ink4--,i4--,gamboge 79 co>se p[d]71 #a ounce2 hot wat]1 #e ounces4 ,dissolve1 & :5 cold1 add ( _s1 #c_/d ounce4 ,,ii4--,boil ,fr5* b]ries1 #a_/b p\nd1 & alum1 #a ounce1 9 ra9 wat]1 #a qu>t1 = #a_/b an h\r1 or long]1 !n /ra9 & dissolve 9 ! hot liquor gum arabic1 #a ounce4 ,wat]pro( ,ink 7see also ,indelible ,inks74--,any ord9>y ink may be made wat]pro( by mix+ ) x a little ord9>y glue4 ,aft] wat]pro(+ ink 9 ?is way x is possible to wa% draw+s ) soap & wat]1 if necess>y1 )\t ! ink runn+ at all4 ,:ite ,/amp+ ,ink4-- ,z9c :ite #b dra*ms ,:ite precipitate #e gra9s ,mucilage #a dra*m ,wat] #f dra*ms ,triturate ! z9c :ite ) a small quantity ( wat] till q smoo?1 !n add ! mucilage & ! rema9d] ( ! wat]4 ,,ink ,,= ,,! ,,laundry3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,ink ,,= ,,lea!r ,,f9i%]s3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,inks ,,= ,,typewrit]s3 ,see ,typewrit] ,ribbons4 ,,ink ,,= ,,writ+ ,,on ,,glass3 ,see ,et*+ & ,glass4 ,,inlay+ ,,by ,,electrolysis4 ,see also ,electro-et*+1 "u ,et*+4 ,! process consi/s 9 engrav+ ! design by means ( ! s&-bla/ & /5cils on ! surface ( ! article4 ,! design or patt]n is r5d]$ conductive & ^u ?is conductive surface a precipitate ( gold1 silv]1 plat9um1 etc41 is appli$1 & fills up ! holl[s4 ,subsequ5tly ! surface is gr\nd smoo?4 ,insect ,bites ,,rem$ies ,,= ,,insect ,,bites4 ,i4--,c>bolic acid #ae gra9s ,glyc]9e #b dra*ms ,rose wat] #d ounces ,,ii4--,salicylic acid #ae gra9s ,collodion #b #a_/b dra*ms ,_s ( ammonia #e #a_/b dra*ms ,,iii4--,fluid extract rhus toxicod5dron #a dra*m ,wat] #h ounces ,,iv4--,ipecac1 9 p[d] #a dra*m ,alcohol #a ounce ,e!r #a ounce ,v4--,betanaph?ol #cj gra9s ,camphor #cj gra9s ,lanol9 cold cream #a ounce ,,vi4--,_s ( sal ammoniac1 ^: favorable action ^u fre% insect bites is univ]sally kn[n1 is (t5 unavailable4 ,a simple means to alleviate ! pa9 & swell+ due to su* bites1 :5 /ill fre%1 is cig> a%es4 ,place a little a%es ^u ! "p /ung1 add a drop ( wat]--9 case ( ne$ be]1 w9e1 or c(fee may be us$ in/ead--& rub ! result+ pa/e ?or\ghly into ! sk94 ,x is pref]able to use fre% a%es ( tobacco1 because ! rec5t heat (f]s suffici5t gu>antee = absolute fre$om f impurities4 ,! action ( ! tobacco a%es is due to ! pres5ce ( #dah potassium c>bonate1 :i*1 l _s ( sal ammoniac1 dead5s ! effect ( ! small quantities ( acid 7=mic acid1 etc47 :i* h be5 introduc$ into ! small w\nd by ! bit+ insect4 ,insecticides 7,see also ,petroleum47 ,! ,use ( ,hydrocyanic ,acid ,gas = ,ext]m9at+ ,h\sehold ,insects4--,rec5t successful applications ( hydrocyanic acid gas = ! ext]m9ation ( insects infect+ gre5h\se plants h sugge/$ ! use ( ! same rem$y = h\sehold pe/s4 ,x is n[ an e/abli%$ fact t #a #a_/b gra9s ( #ih p] c5t pure cyanide ( potassium volatiliz$ 9 a cubic foot ( space1 w1 if all[$ to rema9 = a p]iod ( n less ?an #c h\rs1 kill all roa*es & simil> insects4 ,x may be /at$ t a dwell+1 (fice1 w>eh\se1 or any build+ may be economically cle>$ ( all pe/s1 provid$ t ! local conditions w p]mit ! use ( ?is gas4 ,x probably w\ld be dang]\s to fumigate a build+ :]e groc]ies1 dri$ fruits1 meats1 or prep>$ food mat]ials ( any k9d are /or$4 ,air conta9+ m ?an #be p] c5t ( ! gas is inflammable2 !re=e x w\ld be well to put out all fire 9 an inclosure be=e fumigat+4 ,hydrocyanic acid1 9 all its =ms1 is "o ( ! mo/ viol5t poisons kn[n1 & no neglect %\ld att5d its use4 ,!re is probably no sure rem$y = its effects aft] x has once ent]$ ! blood ( any ( ! high] animals4 ,:5 cyanide ( potassium is be+ us$ x %\ld nev] be all[$ to come 9 contact ) ! sk91 & ev5 a slight odor ( ! gas %\ld be avoid$4 ,%\ld ! op]ator h any cut or break 9 ! sk9 ( ! h&s or face x %\ld be c>efully cov]$ ) c\rt-pla/] to prev5t ! gas com+ 9 contact ) ! fle%1 or a small p>ticle ( ! solid comp\nd gett+ into ! cut might cause dea? by poison+ 9 a few m9utes' "t4 ,hydrocyanic acid gas %\ld n be us$ 9 closely built ap>tm5ts ) s+le walls betwe51 z m or less ( ! gas w p5etrate a brick wall4 ,an inexp]i5c$ p]son %\ld nev] use cyanide ( potassium = any purpose1 & if x be f\nd practicable to treat build+s 9 g5]al = ! ext]m9ation ( insects1 ! "w %\ld be done only "u ! direction ( compet5t (ficials4 ,exp]im5ts h %[n t a small] dose & a %ort] p]iod ( exposure are requir$ to kill mice ?an = roa*es & h\sehold insects g5]ally1 & x readily foll[s t ! l>g] animals & human be+s w\ld be m quickly ov]come ?an mice1 s9ce a small] supply ( pure air w\ld be requir$ to su/a9 life 9 mice1 & small op5+s are m num]\s ?an l>ge ones4 ,! mat]ials employ$ & ! me?od ( proc$ure are z foll[s3 ,aft] asc]ta9+ ! cubic cont5t ( ! inclosure1 provide a glass or /onew>e 7n metal7 vessel ( #b to #d gallons capacity = ea* #e1jjj cubic feet ( space to be fumigat$4 ,di/ribute ! j>s accord+ to ! space1 & run a smoo? cord f ea* j> to a common po9t ne> an outside door :]e !y may all be fa/5$2 support ! cord above ! j> by means ( ! back ( a *air or o!r conv5i5t object 9 su* a position t :5 ! load ( cyanide ( potassium is atta*$ x w hang directly ov] ! c5t] ( ! j>4 ,next weigh out ^u a piece ( s(t pap] ab\t #ag ounces ( #ih p] c5t pure cyanide ( potassium1 us+ a l>ge pair ( =ceps = h&l+ ! lumps2 wrap up & place 9 a pap] bag & tie to ! end ( ! cord ov] ! j>4 ,aft] ! load = ea* j> has be5 simil>ly provid$1 x is well to te/ ! work+ ( ! cords to see t !y d n cat* or b9d4 ,!n remove ! j> a %ort di/ance f "u ! load ( cyanide & place 9 x a little m ?an a qu>t ( wat]1 to :i* sl[ly add #a #a_/b p9ts ( comm]cial sulphuric acid1 /irr+ freely4 ,! action ( ! acid w br+ ! temp]ature ( ! comb9ation almo/ to ! boil+ po9t4 ,replace ! j>s b5ea? ! bags ( cyanide1 spread+ a l>ge %eet ( heavy pap] on ! floor to cat* any acid t may possibly fly ov] ! edge ( ! j> :5 ! cyanide is dropp$1 or z a result ( ! viol5t *emical action :i* foll[s4 ,close all outside op5+s & op5 up ! int]ior ( ! ap>tm5t z mu* z possible1 9 ord] t ! full /r5g? ( ! gas may rea* ! hid+ places ( ! insects4 ,see t all entrances are lock$ or gu>d$ on ! outside to prev5t p]sons ent]+2 !n leave ! build+1 releas+ ! cords z y g4 ,! gas w all be giv5 (f 9 a few m9utes1 & %\ld rema9 9 ! build+ at lea/ #c h\rs4 ,:5 ! sulphuric acid comes 9 contact ) ! cyanide ( potassium ! result is ! =mation ( sulphate ( pota%1 :i* rema9s 9 ! j>1 & ! hydrocyanic acid is lib]at$ & #dai escapes into ! air4 ,! *emical action is s viol5t z to cause a sputt]+1 & frequ5tly p>ticles ( ! acid are ?r[n ov] ! sides ( ! j>2 ?is may be prev5t$ by support+ a %eet ( /iff pap] ov] ! j> by means ( a hole 9 ! c5t]1 ?r\gh :i* ! cord support+ ! cyanide ( potassium is pass$1 s t :5 ! cord is releas$ ! pap] w desc5d ) ! cyanide & rema9 at re/ on ! top ( ! j>1 b w n prev5t ! easy desc5t ( ! cyanide into ! acid4 ,! weight ( ?is pap] w 9 no way int]f]e ) ! escape ( ! gas4 ,at ! end ( ! "t requir$ = fumigation1 ! w9d[s & doors %\ld be op5$ f ! outside & ! gas all[$ to escape be=e anyone ent]s ! build+4 ,a g5]al clean+ %\ld foll[1 z ! insects leave _! hid+ places &1 dy+ on ! floors1 are easily swept up & burn$4 ,! sulphate ( pota% rema9+ 9 ! j>s is poison\s & %\ld be imm$iately buri$ & ! j>s !mselves fill$ ) e>? or a%es4 ,no food t has rema9$ dur+ fumigation %\ld be us$1 & ?or\gh v5tilation %\ld be ma9ta9$ = sev]al h\rs4 ,aft] "o ( ^! exp]im5ts x 0 not$ t ice wat] :i* _h rema9$ 9 a clos$ cool] _h tak5 up ! gas1 & _h bo? ! odor & ta/e ( cyanide4 ,= dwell+s "o fumigation ea* ye> w\ld be suffici5t1 b = /orage h\ses x may be necess>y to make an application e #c or #d mon?s to keep !m entirely free f insect pe/s4 ,! co/ ( mat]ials = "o application is ab\t #ej c5ts = ea* #e1jjj cubic feet ( space to be treat$4 ,! cyanide ( potassium c be pur*as$ at ab\t #ce c5ts p] p\nd1 & ! comm]cial sulphuric acid at ab\t #d c5ts p] p\nd4 ,! /r5g? ( ! dose may be increas$ & ! "t ( exposure some:at %ort5$1 b ?is increases ! co/ & does n d ! "w s ?or\ghly4 ,9 no case1 h[ev]1 %\ld ! dose rema9 less ?an #a h\r4 ,! application ( ?is me?od ( controll+ h\sehold insects & pe/s g5]ally is to be f\nd 9 *eck+ ! advance ( great numb]s ( "s p>ticul> insect1 or 9 eradicat+ !m :]e !y h become ?or\ghly e/abli%$4 ,?is me?od w be f\nd v advantage\s 9 cle>+ old build+s & %ips ( cockroa*es4 ,,applications ,,= ,,cattle1 ,,p\ltry1 ,,etc43 ,see also ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,fly ,protectives = ,animals4-- ,i4--,oil ( cloves #c p>ts ,bay oil #e p>ts ,eucalyptus t9cture #e p>ts ,alcohol #aej p>ts ,wat] #bjj p>ts ,,ii4--,t> well dilut$ ) grease ( any k9d is z effective an ag5t z any = keep+ flies f cattle4 ,! mixture indicat$ has ! advantage ( be+ *eap4 ,apply+ to ! legs1 neck1 & e>s w usually be suffici5t4 ,cattle ,dip = ,ticks4--,dr4 ,noorg>d ( ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry f9ds ! foll[+ dip useful1 imm]sion la/+ "o m9ute3 ,sulphur #hf p\nds ,extra dynamo oil #a1jjj gallons ,insecticides = ,animals4-- ,i4--,bay oil #ejj p>ts by weight ,naph?al5e #ajj p>ts by weight ,camphor #fj p>ts by weight ,animal oil #be p>ts by weight ,,ii4--,bay oil1 press$ #djj p>ts by weight ,naph?al5e #ajj p>ts by weight ,crude c>bolic acid #aj p>ts by weight ,= ,dogs1 ,cats1 etc4--,! foll[+ is an excell5t p[d] = ! removal ( fleas f cats or dogs3 ,naph?al5e #d av4 ounces ,/>* #ab av4 ounces ,r$uce to f9e p[d]4 ,a few gra9s ( lampblack add$ w imp>t a light gray color1 & if desirable a few drops ( oil ( p5nyroyal or eucalyptus w disguise ! naph?al5e odor4 ,rub into ! sk9 ( ! animal & let ! p[d] rema9 = a day or two1 :5 ! same c be remov$ by comb+ or giv+ a ba?1 to :i* "s infusion ( quassia or quassia *ips has be5 add$4 ,?is treatm5t is equally effici5t = lice & ticks4 ,p\ltry ,lice ,de/roy]4--,i4--,tw5ty p\nds sublim$ sulphur2 #h p\nds full]'s e>?2 #b p\nds p[d]$ naph?al5e2 #a_/b ounce liquid c>bolic acid4 ,mix ?or\ghly & put up 9 half-p\nd t9s or boxes4 ,spr9kle ab\t ! ne/ = use4 ,,ii4--,oil ( eucalyptus sme>$ ab\t ! coop w cause ! p>asites to leave4 ,to drive !m out ( ! ne/s ( sitt+ h5s1 place 9 ! ne/ an egg t has be5 empti$1 & into :i* has be5 ins]t$ a bit ( sponge imbib$ 9 ess5ce ( eucalyptus4 ,!re may be us$ also a conc5trat$ solution ( extract ( tobacco1 to :i* ph5ol has be5 add$4 #dbj ,,iii4--,cov] ! floor or soil ( ! h\se ) gr\nd or p[d]$ pla/]1 tak5 f old walls1 etc4 ,,ant ,,de/roy]s3 ,a mo/ efficaci\s means ( gett+ rid ( ants is spray+ _! resorts ) petroleum4 ,! common oil is wor? m = ?is purpose ?an ! ref9$4 ,two ?or\gh spray+s usually suffice4 ,9 armoires1 dress+ cases1 etc41 oil ( turp5t9e %\ld be employ$4 ,p\r x 9 a l>ge plate1 & let x evaporate freely4 ,tobacco juice is ano!r effective ag5t1 b bo? sub/ances h ! drawback ( a v p5etrat+ & disagreeable odor4 ,boil+ wat] is deadly to ants :]ev] x c be us$ 7z 9 ! g>d51 or y>d ar\nd ! h\se74 ,s is c>bon disulphide inject$ into ! ne/s by aid ( a good1 big syr+e4 ,an emulsion ( petroleum & wat] 7oil1 #a "p2 wat]1 #c p>ts7 p\r$ on ! e>? has prov5 v efficaci\s1 :5 pl5tifully us$ 7say f #a ounce to #c ounces to ! squ>e y>d74 ,a simil> mixture ( calcium sulphide & wat] 7calcium sulphide1 #ajj p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts2 & ! :ite ( #a egg to e qu>t ( wat]7 p\r$ into _! holes is also effective4 ,a weak solution ( corrosive sublimate is v deadly to ants4 ,n only does x kill !m ev5tually1 b x seems to craze !m be=e dea?1 s t ants ( ! same ne/1 aft] com+ into contact ) ! poison1 w attack ea* o!r ) ! greate/ f]ocity4 ,:]e ants select a p>ticul> po9t = _! incursions x is a good plan to surr\nd x ) a 8=tification0 ( obnoxi\s sub/ance4 ,sulphur has be5 us$ successfully 9 ?is way1 & s has coal oil4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 is n a desirable ag5t1 leav+ a p]si/5t /a9 & odor4 ,! use ( c>bon disulphide is recomm5d$ to de/roy ants' ne/s on lawns4 ,a little ( ! disulphide is p\r$ into ! op5+s ( ! hills1 /epp+ on ea* z x is treat$ to close x up4 ,! volatile vapors ( ! disulphide w p5etrate ! *amb]s ( ! ne/ 9 e direction1 & if suffici5t has be5 us$ w kill n only ! adult insects b ! l>v z well4 ,a s+le treatm5t is g5]ally suffici5t4 ,=mulas to ,drive ,ants ,away4-- ,i4--,wat] #a qu>t ,cape aloes #d ounces ,boil toge!r & add3 ,camphor 9 small pieces #a #a_/b ounces ,,ii4--,p[d]$ cloves #a ounce ,insect p[d] #a ounce ,scatt] ar\nd :]e ants infe/4 ,,iii4--,cape aloes #a_/b p\nd ,wat] #d p9ts ,boil toge!r & add camphor gum1 #c ounces4 ,spr9kle ar\nd :]e ! ants infe/4 ,,b$bug ,,de/roy]s4 ,a good bug kill] is b5z9e1 pure & simple1 or mix$ ) a little oil ( mirbane4 ,x evaporates quickly & leaves no /a94 ,! only tr\ble is ! inflammability ( its vapor4 ,! foll[+ is a popul> prep>ation3 ,to half a gallon ( k]os5e oil add a qu>t ( _s ( turp5t9e & an ounce ( oil ( p5nyroyal4 ,?is mixture is f> less dang]\s ?an b5z9e4 ,! p5nyroyal z well z ! turp5t9e are n only poison\s b exce$+ly di/a/eful to insects ( all k9ds4 ,! k]os5e :ile less quickly fatal to bugs ?an b5z9e is *eap] & saf]1 & :5 comb9$ ) ! o!r +r$i5ts becomes z effici5t4 ,:]e ! wall pap] & wood "w ( a room h become invad$1 ! usual rem$y is burn+ sulphur4 ,to be effici5t ! room mu/ h e door1 w9d[1 crevice1 & crack clos$4 ,! floor %\ld be wet 9 advance s z to moi/5 ! air4 ,a rubb] tube %\ld lead f ! burn+ sulphur to a key-hole or aug]-hole & ?r\gh x1 & by aid ( a pair ( bell[s air %\ld be bl[n to facilitate ! combu/ion ( ! sulphur4 ,pa/es4--,"s h\sewives are p>tial to corrosive sublimate = b$bugs2 b x is effective only if ! bug eats ! poison4 ,! corrosive sublimate _c p5etrate ! waxy coat ( ! insect4 ,b inasmu* z p insi/ on hav+ ?is a few =mulas are giv54 ,i4--,common soap #a av4 ounce ,ammonium *loride #c av4 ounces ,corrosive sublimate #c av4 ounces ,wat] en\gh to make #cb fluid\nces4 ,dissolve ! salts 9 ! wat] & add ! soap4 ,?is w make a pa/e t c be pa9t$ ) a bru% ar\nd 9 ! cracks & crevices4 ,besides1 x w make an excell5t fill+ to keep ! cracks ( ! wall & wa9scot+ free f bugs ( all k9ds4 ,! =mula c\ld be modifi$ s z to p]mit ! use #dba ( ,p>is gre5 or ,london purple1 if desir$4 ,a decoction ( quassia c\ld be us$ to dissolve ! soap4 ,! latt] pa/e w\ld1 ( c\rse1 n be poison\s1 & 9 _m in/ances x w\ld be pref]r$4 ,x is possible to make a cold infusion ( :ite hellebore ( #be p] c5t /r5g?1 & 9 #a qu>t ( infusion dissolve #a ounce ( common soap4 ,! advantage ( ! soap pa/e is simply to keep ! poison\s sub/ance ?or\ghly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! mass at all times4 ,! d5sity ( ! pa/e c be v>i$ to suit4 ,k]os5e oil or turp5t9e c\ld replace #f ounces or #h ounces ( ! wat] 9 mak+ ! pa/e1 & ei!r ( ^! w\ld make a valuable addition4 ,ano!r pa/e prep>ation :i* w meet ) he>ty recomm5dation is blue o9tm5t4 ,?is o9tm5t1 mix$ ) turp5t9e or k]os5e oil1 c be us$ to good advantage2 especially s z ! turp5t9e is s p5etrat+ t bo? x & ! m]cury h a *ance to act m effectually4 ,x c be said t turp5t9e w kill ! b$bug if ! two come 9 contact2 & k]os5e is n f> beh9dh& 9 its deadly "w4 ,,ii4--,blue o9tm5t #a ounce ,turp5t9e #c ounces ,/ir well toge!r4 ,liquid ,b$bug ,prep>ations4--,!re is no d\bt t ! liquid =m is ! be/ to use2 unlike a p[d]1 or ev5 a pa/e1 x w foll[ d[n a crack into remote places :]e bugs hide1 & w prev5t _! escape1 & x w also kill ! eggs & nits4 ,! foll[+ sub/ances are ! mo/ employ$1 & are probably ! be/3 ,k]os5e1 turp5t9e1 b5z9e1 c>bolic acid1 corrosive sublimate solution1 oil p5nyroyal1 & /rong solution ( soap4 ,"h are sev]al good =mulas t c be dep5d$ ^u3 ,i4--,oil ( p5nyroyal #a dra*m ,turp5t9e #h ounces ,k]os5e oil1 en\gh to make #a gallon4 ,put up 9 #h-ounce bottles z a b$bug ext]m9ator4 ,,ii4--,oil ( eucalyptus #a dra*m ,eucalyptus leaves #a ounce ,b5z9e #b ounces ,turp5t9e #b ounces ,k]os5e en\gh to make #af ounces4 ,mix ! turp5t9e1 b5z9e1 & k]os5e oil1 & mac]ate ! eucalyptus leaves 9 x = #bd h\rs2 !n /ra9 & make up ! measure to #a p9t1 hav+ fir/ add$ ! oil ( eucalyptus4 ,,fly-,,kill]s4 ,a fly poison t is h>mless to man may be made f quassia wood z foll[s3 ,quassia #a1jjj p>ts ,molasses #aej p>ts ,alcohol #ej p>ts ,wat] #e1gej p>ts ,mac]ate ! quassia 9 #ejj p>ts ( wat] = #bd h\rs1 boil = half an h\r1 set aside = #bd h\rs1 !n press out ! liquid4 ,mix ?is ) ! molasses & evaporate to #bjj p>ts4 ,add ! alcohol & ! rema9+ #gej p>ts ( wat]1 & )\t filt]+1 saturate absorb5t pap] ) x4 ,?is be+ set out on a plate ) a little wat] attracts ! flies1 :i* are kill$ by p>tak+ ( ! liquid4 ,/icky ,prep>ations4-- ,i4--,ros9 #aej p>ts ,l9se$ oil #ej p>ts ,honey #ah p>ts ,melt ! ros9 & oil toge!r & /ir 9 ! honey4 ,,ii4--,rapese$ oil #gj p>ts ,ros9 #cj p>ts ,mix & melt toge!r4 ,,iii4--,ros9 #fj p>ts ,l9se$ oil #ch p>ts ,yell[ wax #b p>ts ,,iv4--,ros9 #aj p>ts ,turp5t9e #e p>ts ,rapese$ oil #e p>ts ,honey #a "p ,spr9kl+ ,p[d]s = ,flies4-- ,i4--,long pepp]s1 p[d]$ #e p>ts ,quassia wood1 p[d]$ #e p>ts ,sug>1 p[d]$ #aj p>ts ,mix1 moi/5 ! mixture ) #d p>ts ( alcohol1 dry1 & aga9 p[d]4 ,keep ! p[d] 9 closely /opp]$ j>s1 tak+ out a suffici5t quantity z desir$4 ,,ii4--,orris root1 p[d]$ #d p>ts ,/>*1 p[d]$ #ae p>ts ,eucalyptol #a "p ,mix4 ,keep 9 a closely /opp]$ j> or box4 ,/rew 9 places affect$ by flies4 ,fly ,ess5ces4-- ,i4--,eucalyptol #aj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #c p>ts ,acetic e!r #aj p>ts ,cologne wat] #ej p>ts ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #ajj p>ts ,mix4 ,"o "p ( ?is 8ess5ce0 is #dbb to be add$ to #aj p>ts ( wat] & spray$ ar\nd ! rooms frequ5tly4 ,,ii4--,eucalyptol #aj p>ts ,acetic e!r #e p>ts ,cologne wat] #dj p>ts ,t9cture ( insect p[d] 7#a3e7 #ej p>ts ,,rem$ies ,,aga9/ ,,human ,,p>asites3 ,by weight ,i4--,yell[ wax #he p>ts ,sp]maceti #fj p>ts ,sweet oil #ejj p>ts ,melt & add3 ,boil+ di/ill$ wat] #aej p>ts ,aft] cool+ add3 ,clove oil #b p>ts ,?yme oil #c p>ts ,eucalyptus oil #d p>ts ,,ii4--,bay oil1 press$ #ajj p>ts ,acetic e!r #ab p>ts ,clove oil #d p>ts ,eucalyptus oil #c p>ts ,= ,head ,lice 9 ,*ildr54--,"o ( ! be/ rem$ies is a v9eg> ( sabadilla4 ,?is is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,sabadilla se$1 #e p>ts2 alcohol1 #e p>ts2 acetic acid1 #i p>ts2 & wat]1 #cf p>ts4 ,mac]ate = #c days1 express & filt]4 ,! directions are3 ,moi/5 ! scalp & hair ?or\ghly at b$time1 b9d+ a clo? ar\nd ! head1 & let rema9 ov]night4 ,if !re are any sore spots on ! scalp1 ^! %\ld be well greas$ be=e apply+ ! v9eg>4 ,to ,ext]m9ate ,mites4--,mix toge!r #aj p>ts ( naph?al5e1 #aj p>ts ( ph5ic acid1 #e p>ts ( camphor1 #e p>ts ( lemon oil1 #b p>ts ( ?yme oil1 #b p>ts ( oil ( lav5d]1 & #b p>ts ( ! oil ( junip]1 9 #ejj p>ts ( pure alcohol4 ,v]m9 ,kill]4-- ,sabadilla1 p[d] #b av4 ounces ,acetic acid #a_/b fluid\nce ,wood alcohol #b fluid\nces ,wat] suffici5t to make #af fluid ounces4 ,mix ! acetic acid ) #ad fluid\nces ( wat] & boil ! sabadilla 9 ?is mixture = #e to #aj m9utes1 & :5 ne>ly cold add ! alcohol1 let /&1 & decant ! cle> solution & bottle4 ,directions3 ,%ake ! bottle & apply to ! affect$ p>ts night & morn+4 ,,insecticides ,,= ,,plants4 ,two =mulas = insecticides ) especial ref]5ce to v]m9 :i* attack plants3 ,i4--,k]os5e #b gallons ,common soap #a_/b p\nd ,wat] #a gallon ,heat ! solution ( soap1 add x boil+ hot to ! k]os5e & *urn until x =ms a p]fect emulsion4 ,= use ^u scale insects x is dilut$ ) #i p>ts ( wat]2 ^u o!r ord9>y insects ) #ae p>ts ( wat]1 & ^u s(t insects1 l plant lice1 ) f #bj to #be p>ts ( wat]4 ,= lice1 etc41 :i* attack ! roots ( v9es & trees ! foll[+ is recomm5d$3 ,,ii4--,cau/ic soda #e p\nds ,ros9 #dj p\nds ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! soda 9 #d gallons ( wat]1 by ! aid ( heat1 add ! ros9 & aft] x is dissolv$ & :ile boil+ add1 sl[ly1 en\gh wat] to make #ej gallons4 ,= use1 #a "p ( ?is mixture is dilut$ ) #aj p>ts ( wat] & ab\t #e gallons ( ! product p\r$ into a depression ne> ! root ( ! v9e or tree4 ,= ,co*9eal ,insects4--,an emulsion = fumag9e 7malady ( orange trees caus$ by ! co*9eal insect7 & o!r diseases caus$ by insects is z foll[s3 ,dissolve1 hot1 #d p>ts ( black soap 9 #ae p>ts ( hot wat]4 ,let cool to #ajd ,f41 & p\r 9 #aj p>ts ( ord9>y petroleum1 %ak+ vigor\sly4 ,?us an emulsion ( caf au lait color is obta9$1 :i* may be pres]v$ indef9itely4 ,= employm5t1 ea* "p ( ! emulsion is dilut$1 accord+ to circum/ances1 ) f #aj to #bj p>ts ( wat]4 ,= ,locu/s4--,mu* tr\ble is exp]i5c$ 9 ! ,transvaal & ,natal ) locu/ pe/s1 ! rem$ies us$ be+ ei!r a soap spray1 conta9+ #a p\nd ord9>y h\sehold soap 9 #e gallons ( wat]1 or ars5ite ( soda1 ! latt] be+ issu$ by ! gov]nm5t = ! purpose1 & also us$ = ! de/ruction ( prickly pe>1 & z a basis ( tick dips4 ,a solution ( #a p\nd 9 #aj gallons ( wat] is employ$ = full-gr[n insects1 & ( #a p\nd 9 #bj gallons ( wat] = newly hat*$ ones1 #a p\nd ( sug> be+ add$ to ea* p\nd ( ars5ite dissolv$4 ,! solution sometimes causes sores on ! sk91 & ! natives employ$ 9 its use are giv5 grease to rub ov] !mselves z a measure ( protection4 ,an advantage ( ! ars5ite solution ov] soap is t mu* less liquid ne$ be us$4 ,a composition = ! de/ruction ( pe> blight1 :i* has be5 pat5t$ 9 #dbc ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is z foll[s3 ,pepp]m9t oil1 #af p>ts2 ammonia wat]1 #fj p>ts2 calomel1 #cj p>ts2 & l9se$ oil1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,= ,mo?s & ,cat]pill>s4-- ,i4--,v5ice turp5t9e #bjj p>ts ,ros9 #a1jjj p>ts ,turp5t9e #adj p>ts ,t> #hj p>ts ,l>d #ejj p>ts ,rape oil #bdj p>ts ,tall[ #bjj p>ts ,,ii4--,ros9 #ej p>ts ,l>d #dj p>ts ,/e>9e oil #dj p>ts ,= ,non-,ma/icat+ ,insects4--,= protection aga9/ all non-ma/icat+ & _m m&ibulate insects1 k]os5e oil is mu* us$4 ,x is exhibit$ 9 ! =m ( emulsion1 :i* may be made z foll[s3 ,k]os5e #b gallons ,common soap #h ounces ,wat] #a gallon ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat] by ! aid ( heat1 br+ to ! boil+ po9t1 & add ! k]os5e 9 portions1 agitat+ well aft] ea* addition4 ,?is is conv5i5tly done by means ( ! pump to be us$ = spray+ ! mixture4 ,= ,scale ,insects4--,= de/roy+ scale insects dilute ! co*9eal emulsion 7see above7 ) #i times its volume ( wat]2 9 ! case ( mo/ o!rs1 except lice1 dilute ) #ad volumes1 & = ! latt] ) #bj to #be volumes4 ,= ! ext]m9ation ( scale insects1 res9\s prep>ations are also employ$1 :i* kill by cov]+ !m ) an imp]vi\s coat+4 ,su* a wa% may be made z foll[s3 ,ros9 #c #a_/b p\nds ,cau/ic soda #a p\nd ,fi% oil #h ounces ,wat] #bj gallons ,boil ! ros91 soda1 & oil ) a small portion ( ! wat]1 add+ ! rema9d] z solution is effect$4 ,= ! ,san ,jos scale a /rong] prep>ation is requir$1 ! proportion ( wat] be+ decreas$ by half1 b su* a solution is appli$ only :5 ! tree is dormant4 ,scale ,insects on ,orange ,trees4--,scale insect enemies ( orange trees are directly controll$ 9 two ways3 7#a7 ,by spray+ ! infe/$ trees ) "s liquid insecticide1 & 7#b7 by subject+ !m to ! fumes ( hydrocyanic acid gas1 commonly designat$ z 8gass+40 ,! latt] me?od is claim$ to be ! mo/ effective means kn[n ( de/roy+ scale insects4 ,9 practice ! me?od consi/s 9 clos+ a tree at night ) a t5t & fill+ ! latt] ) ! poison\s fumes g5]at$ by treat+ ref9$ potassium cyanide 7#ih p] c5t7 ) comm]cial sulphuric acid 7#ff p] c5t7 & wat]4 ,! treatm5t %\ld cont9ue f #cj to #dj m9utes1 ! long] "t be+ pref]able4 ,! "w is done at night to avoid ! scald+ :i* foll[s day applications1 at lea/ 9 bright sun%9e4 ,! oily wa%es are said to be ! be/ = ! use by ! spray+ me?od4 8,k]os5e emulsion0 is a type ( ^! wa%es4 ,a =mula publi%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture foll[s3 ,k]os5e1 #b gallons2 :ale-oil soap1 #a_/b p\nd2 wat]1 #a gallon4 ,! soap is dissolv$ 9 hot wat]1 ! k]os5e add$1 & ! :ole ?or\ghly emulsifi$ by means ( a p[] pump until a r heavy1 creamy emulsion is produc$4 ,! quantity ( soap may be increas$ if desir$4 ,! insecticide is appli$ by spray+ ! infect$ tree ) an ord9>y =ce pump ) spray+ nozzle4 ,coat+ ,aga9/ ! ,plant ,l\se4--7a7--,mix #ge p>ts ( gre5 soap1 #ej p>ts ( l9se$ oil1 & #be p>ts ( c>bolic acid4 ,aft]w>ds mix ! mass ) #ae1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 7b7 ,mix #d p>ts ( c>bolic acid ) #ajj p>ts wat] glass4 ,l\se ,wa%es4-- ,unslak$ lime #ah p>ts ,sulphur #i p>ts ,salt #f4ge p>ts ,mix z foll[s3 ,a f\r? "p ( ! lime is slak$ & boil$ = #b_/c ( an h\r ) ! sulphur 9 #bb4f p>ts ( wat]4 ,! rema9d] ( ! lime is !n slak$ & add$ ) ! salt to ! hot mixture4 ,! :ole is burn$ = ano!r half h\r or an h\r1 & !n dilut$ to #cec p>ts4 ,! fluid is appli$ lukew>m :5 ! plants are n 9 active gr[?4 ,= ,slugs on ,roses4-- ,p[d]$ pyre?rum #h ounces ,p[d]$ colocyn? #d ounces ,p[d]$ hellebore #af ounces ,flea ,p[d]4-- ,naph?al5e #d ounces ,talcum #aj ounces ,tobacco du/ #b ounces #dbd ,to ,keep ,flaxse$ ,free f ,bugs4--,z a conta9] use a t9 c ) a close-fitt+ top4 ,at ! bottom ( ! c place a small vial ( *lor(orm ) a loose-fitt+ cork /opp]4 ,!n p\r ! flaxse$1 :ole or gr\nd1 into ! c1 cov]+ ! vial4 ,en\gh ( ! *lor(orm w escape f ! vial to kill su* insects z infe/ ! flaxse$4 ,,insect ,,p[d]s4 ,pyre?rum1 :ale oil 79 ! =m ( soap71 fi% oil 79 ! =m ( soap71 s(t soap1 p>aff9e1 ,prussic acid1 ,p>is gre51 :ite lead1 sulphur1 c>bon bisulphide1 acorus calamus1 camphor1 ,cay5ne pepp]1 tobacco1 snuff1 asafetida1 :ite hellebore1 eucalyptol1 quassia1 borax1 acetic e!r are mo/ important sub/ances us$ z insecticides1 alone1 or 9 comb9ation ( two or m ( !m4 ,! ,prussic acid & ,p>is gre5 are dang]\s poisons & require to be us$ ) extreme c>e3 ,insect p[d] is us$ = all small insects & z a de/roy] ( roa*es4 ,! obs]vations ( "s exp]im5t]s seem to %[ t ! poison\s pr9ciple ( ^! fl[]s is non-volatile1 b ! mo/ favorable conditions "u :i* to use !m are 9 a room tightly clos$ & well w>m$4 ,!re may be two poison\s pr9ciples1 "o ( :i* is volatile4 ,disappo9tm5t sometimes arises 9 _! use f gett+ p[d] ei!r adult]at$1 or :i* has be5 expos$ to ! air & consequ5tly lo/ "s ( its effici5cy4 ,! du/ result+ f ! use ( insect p[d] sometimes proves irritat+ to ! muc\s membranes ( ! "o apply+ ! p[d]4 ,?is is be/ avoid$ by ! use ( a spray atomiz]4 ,p]si/5ce 9 ! use ( any means is an important elem5t 9 ! "w ( de/roy+ insects4 ,a giv5 poison may be employ$ & no visible result foll[ at fir/1 :5 9 reality _m may h be5 de/roy$1 en\gh be+ left to deceive ! obs]v] z to numb]s4 ,!y multiply v rapidly1 too1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 & vigor\s "w is requir$ to combat ?is increase4 ,:]e !y c easily migrate f "o h\sehold]'s premises to ^? ( ano!r1 z 9 city 8flats10 x requires con/ant vigilance to keep !m d[n1 & entire ext]m9ation is sc>cely to be expect$4 ,! ord9>y insect p[d] on ! m>ket is made f pyre?rum c>neum1 pyre?rum roseum1 & pyre?rum c9]>i-folium4 ,! fir/ two are g5]ally gr\nd toge!r & are comm]cially call$ ,p]sian insect p[d]2 :ile ! ?ird is commonly call$ ,dalmatian insect p[d]4 ,^! p[d]s are sold 9 ! /ores "u _m names & 9 comb9ation ) o!r p[d]s "u propriet>y names4 ,! p[d] is obta9$ by cru%+ ! dri$ fl[]s ( ! pellitory 7pyre?rum74 ,! leaves1 too1 are (t5 us$4 ,!y are cultivat$ 9 ! ,caucasus1 :5ce ! specific "n ,caucasicum sometimes us$4 ,pyre?rum belongs to ! natural ord] composit1 & is closely alli$ to ! *rysan!mum4 ,! active pr9ciple is n a volatile oil1 z /at$ by "s writ]s1 b a ros91 :i* c be dissolv$ out f ! dry fl[]s by means ( e!r4 ,! leaves also conta9 ?is ros9 b 9 small] proportions ?an ! fl[]s4 ,t9cture ( pyre?rum is made by infus+ ! dri$ fl[]s 9 five times _! weight ( rectifi$ _s ( w9e4 ,dilut$ ) wat] x is us$ z a lotion4 ,borax p[d] also makes a v good insectifuge4 ,x appe>s to be p>ticul>ly effective aga9/ ! common or kit*5 cockroa*4 ,camphor is sometimes us$1 & ! p[d]$ dri$ root ( acorus calamus1 ! sweet flag4 ,a mixture ( :ite lead ) f\r times its weight ( *alk is also highly recomm5d$4 ,! fi%-oil soaps us$ 9 a p[d]$ =m are made f v>i\s recipes2 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a typical example3 ,p[d]$ ros9 #b p\nds ,cau/ic soda #h ounces ,fi% or :ale oil #d ounces ,boil toge!r 9 a gallon ( wat] = at lea/ an h\r1 replac+ "s ( ! wat] if requir$4 ,! foll[+ insect-p[d] =mulas are p]fectly safe to use4 ,9 ea* in/ance insect p[d] relates to ei!r "o ( ! pyre?rum plants p[d]$1 or to a mixture3 ,i4--,insect p[d] #h ounces av4 ,p[d]$ borax #h ounces av4 ,oil ( p5nyroyal #b fluidra*ms ,,ii4--,insect p[d] #h ounces av4 ,borax #h ounces av4 ,sulphur #d ounces av4 ,oil ( eucalyptus #b fluidra*ms ,?is =mula is especially good = cockroa*es3 ,,iii4--,insect p[d] #ad ounces av4 ,quassia 9 f9e p[d] #f ounces av4 ,:ite hellebore1 p[d]$ #b ounces av4 #dbe ,beetle ,p[d]4-- ,cocoa p[d] #d ounces ,/>* #h ounces ,borax #cg ounces ,mix ?or\ghly4 ,rem$ies ,aga9/ ,mosquitoes4--,a rem$y to keep (f mosquitoes1 etc41 is compos$ z foll[s3 ,c9namon oil1 #a "p2 pat*\li oil1 #a "p2 s&al oil1 #d p>ts2 alcohol1 #djj p>ts4 ,?is has a pleasant odor4 ,oil ( p5nyroyal is commonly us$ to keep mosquitoes away4 ,"s =m ( petroleum rubb$ on ! sk9 is ev5 m effici5t1 b unpleasant to use1 & if left on long en\gh w burn ! sk94 ,a #dj p] c5t solution ( =maldehyde = mosquito bites gives rem>kably quick & good results4 ,x %\ld be appli$ to ! bites z soon z possible ) ! cork ( ! bottle1 & all[$ to dry on4 ,dilut$ ammonia is also us$ to rub on ! bites4 ,roa* ,ext]m9ators4--,borax1 />*1 & cocoa are said to be ! pr9cipal +r$i5ts ( "s ( ! roa* foods on ! m>ket4 ,a =mula = a poison ( ?is class is z foll[s3 ,borax #cg ounces ,/>* #i ounces ,cocoa #d ounces ,mo? ,ext]m9ators4--,cold /orage is ! mo/ effective means ( avoid+ ! ravages ( mo?s4 ,:]e ?is is impracticable1 z 9 bureau draw]s1 camphor balls may be scatt]$ ab\t ) satisfactory result4 ,! foll[+ is also effective3 ,spani% pepp] #ajj p>ts ,turp5t9e oil #ej p>ts ,camphor #be p>ts ,clove oil #aj p>ts ,alcohol1 #if p] c5t #ijj p>ts ,cut ! ,spani% pepp] into little bits1 & p\r ov] !m ! alcohol & oil ( turp5t9e4 ,let /& #b or #c days1 !n decant1 & press out4 ,to ! liquid ?us obta9$ add ! camphor & clove oil1 let /& a few days1 !n filt] & fill into suitable bottles4 ,to use1 imbibe bits ( bibul\s pap] 9 ! liquid & put !m 9 ! folds ( clo?+ to be protect$4 ,protect+ ,/uff$ ,furniture f ,mo?s4--,! /uff+1 no matt] :e!r consi/+ ( t[1 hair1 or fib]1 z well z ! cov]+1 %\ld be coat$ ) a #aj p] c5t solution ( sulphur 9 c>bon sulphide4 ,! c>bon sulphide dissolves ! sulphur s z to cause a v f9e division & to p5etrate ! fib]s completely4 ,p[d] to ,keep ,mo?s ,away4-- ,cloves #b ounces ,c9namon #b ounces ,mace #b ounces ,black pepp] #b ounces ,orris root #b ounces ,p[d] co>sely & mix well toge!r4 ,book-,worms4--,:5 ^! insects infe/ books !y are mo/ difficult to deal )1 z ! ord9>y de/ructive ag5ts injuri\sly affect ! pap] ( ! book4 ,! books %\ld be well beat5 & expos$ to ! sun1 & a rag moi/5$ ) =mal9 pass$ ?r\gh ! b9d+ & ! cov]s :]e possible4 ,9 o!r cases ! bottom edge ( ! b9d+ %\ld be moi/5$ ) =mal9 be=e putt+ on ! %elves1 s t =maldehyde vapor c be diffus$4 ,,insect ,,p[d]s3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,insect ,,trap4 ,into a *9a wa%-bas91 half fill$ ) wat]1 p\r a glass ( be]2 cov] ! bas9 ) a newspap]1 9 ! c5t] ( :i* a small r\nd hole is cut4 ,place x s t ! edges ( ! pap] lie on ! floor & ! hole is ov] ! c5t] ( ! bas94 ,at night beetles & o!r insects1 attract$ by ! smell ( be]1 climb ! pap] & fall ?r\gh ! hole into ! liquid4 ,,in/rum5t ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,in/rum5t ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,in/rum5t ,,lacqu]3 ,see ,lacqu]s4 ,insulation ,,electric ,,insulation3 ,insulat+ ,v>ni%es4--,= e>? cables & expos$ /rong curr5t wires3 ,i4--,melt #b p>ts ( asphalt toge!r ) #j4d p>ts ( sulphur1 add #e p>ts ( l9se$-oil v>ni%1 l9se$ oil or cottonse$ oil1 keep at #cbj ,f4 = #f h\rs2 next p\r 9 oil ( turp5t9e z requir$4 ,,ii4--,ma9ta9 #c p>ts ( elat]ite ) #b p>ts ( l9se$-oil v>ni% at #cib ,f4 = #e to #f h\rs2 next melt #c p>ts ( asphalt1 p\r bo? sub/ances toge!r1 & aga9 ma9ta9 ! temp]ature ( #dbf #cib ,f4 = #c to #d h\rs1 & !n add #a "p ( l9se$-oil v>ni% & oil ( turp5t9e z requir$4 ,,iii4--,insulat+ ,v>ni% = ,dynamos & ,conduits ) ,l[ ,t5sion4--,%ellac1 #d p>ts2 s&>ac1 #b p>ts2 l9oleic acid1 #b p>ts2 alcohol1 #ae p>ts4 ,,iv4--,an insulat+ mat]ial :i* conta9s no ca\t*\c is made by dissolv+ natural or coal-t> asphalt 9 wood oil1 add+ sulphur & vulcaniz+ at #egb ,f4 ,! mixture ( asphalt & wood oil may also be vulcaniz$ ) *loride ( sulphur by ! ord9>y process us$ = ca\t*\c4 ,be=e vulcaniz+1 a solution ( rubb] scraps 9 naph?al5e is sometimes add$ & ! naph?al5e expell$ by a curr5t ( /eam4 ,sub/itutes = h>d rubb] are made ( natural or artificial asphalt comb9$ ) heavy oil ( t> & talc or infusorial e>?4 ,mo/ ( ! insulat+ mat]ials adv]tis$ "u allur+ names consi/ ( asphalt comb9$ ) ros91 t>1 & an in]t p[d] su* z clay or asbe/os4 ,"s conta9 graphite1 :i* is a good conductor & !re=e a v undesirable +r$i5t 9 an insulator4 ,,insulation ,,aga9/ ,,heat4 ,an asbe/os jacket is ! usual insulator = boil]s1 /eampipes1 etc4 ,! ?ick] ! cov]+ ar\nd ! /eampipe1 ! m heat is reta9$4 ,a *ief requirem5t = su* protective mass is t x conta9s air 9 f9e *annels1 s t !re is no connection ) ! clos$-9 air4 ,mo/ sub/ances suitable = insulat+ are su* t !y c only ) difficulty be us$ = a protective mass4 ,! mo/ ord9>y way is to mix infusorial e>?1 kieselguhr1 slag-wool1 hair1 gr\nd cork1 etc41 ) loam or clay1 s t ?is pla/ic mass may be appli$ moi/ on ! pipes4 ,9 us+ su* sub/ances c>e %\ld be tak5 c>efully to clean & heat ! surfaces to be cov]$4 ,! mass = ! fir/ coat+ is made into a pa/e by gradual addition ( wat] & put on ?ick ) a bru%4 ,aft] dry+ ea* "t a fur!r coat+ is appli$4 ,?is is repeat$ until ! desir$ ?ickness is rea*$4 ,! la/ lay] put on is rubb$ smoo? ) ! flat h&4 ,f9ally1 /rips ( l95 are w\nd ar\nd1 :i* is coat$ ) t> or oil pa9t z a protection aga9/ outside injuries4 ,cork /ones consi/ ( cru%$ cork ) a m9]al b9d+ ag5t1 & are sold press$ into v>i\s %apes4 ,lea!r ,wa/e ,insulation4--,portions ( lea!r1 su* z ! fib]s ( sole lea!r ( any size & =m1 are fir/ r5d]$ s(t4 ,! surface is !n c>d$ or ! surface fib]s scrat*$ or rais$ 9 su* a mann] t :5 sev]al pieces are press$ toge!r _! surface fib]s adh]e1 & a compact1 durable piece ( lea!r is produc$4 ,! c>d+ c be done by an ord9>y batt+ ma*9e1 ! action ( :i* is s regulat$ t n only are ! pieces ( lea!r s(t5$1 b ! fib]s on _! surfaces rais$4 ,! /ructure ( ! sep>ate pieces ( lea!r rema9s ess5tially unalt]$4 ,! rais$ fib]s give ! appe>ance ( a furry sub/ance to ! lea!r4 ,! batt$ pieces ( lea!r are well mix$ ) pa/e or "s suitable gum1 ei!r 9 or outside ( ! ma*9e1 & are !n put into specially %ap$ tr\ghs1 :]e !y are press$ toge!r into lay]s ( ! requir$ size & ?ickness4 ,! sep>ate pieces ( lea!r adh]e & are matt$ toge!r4 ,an agglut9ant1 if accessible1 w contribute mat]ially to ! /r5g? & durability ( ! product4 ,! lay]s are dri$1 roll$1 & are !n ready = use4 ,! pieces ne$ n be pack$ toge!r promiscu\sly4 ,if l>g] portions ( wa/e c be secur$1 ! sep>ate pieces c be arrang$ "o ^u ano!r 9 r[s4 ,! l>g] pieces c also be us$ = ! top & bottom ( a lea!r pad1 ! middle portion ( :i* consi/s ( small] pieces4 ,,insulation ,,aga9/ ,,moi/ure1 ,,wea!r1 ,,etc4 ,exp]im5ts h %[n t ) ! aid ( r$ lead a v s]viceable1 resi/ive1 & wea!rpro( insulation mat]ial may be produc$ f inf]ior fib]s1 to take ! place1 9 _m cases1 ( gutta-p]*a & o!r sub/ances employ$ = insulat+ purposes1 & p>ticul>ly to effect ! p]man5t insulation ( a]ial conductors expos$ to ! action ( ! wea!r4 ,hacke?al us$ = ! purpose any vegetable fib] :i* is wrapp$ ar\nd ! conductors to be insulat$4 ,! fib] is !n saturat$ ) liquid r$ lead4 ,! latt] is accompli%$ 9 ! proportion ( #d to #e p>ts ( r$ lead1 by weight1 to #a "p1 by weight1 ( l9se$ oil1 by ! hot or cold process1 by m]e imm]sion or "u pressure4 ,all ! ?ree sub/ances1 fib]1 oil1 & r$ lead1 possess 9 !mselves a c]ta9 insulat+ capacity1 b none ( !m is alone ( utility = su* purposes4 ,ev5 ! r$ lead mix$ ) l9se$ oil does n possess 9 ! liquid /ate a high degree ( insulat+ p[]4 #dbg ,only :5 bo? sub/ances1 ! +r$i5ts ( ! l9se$ oil capable ( absorb+ oxyg5 & ! lead oxide ri* 9 oxyg51 oxidize 9 ! air1 a new gummy product ( great insulat+ capacity results4 ,,int5sifi]s3 ,see ,photography4 ,,iod9e ,,solv5t4 ,iod9e is quickly dissolv$ 9 oils by fir/ rubb+ up ! iod9e ) "o-f\r? ( its weight ( potassium iodide & a few drops ( glyc]9e1 !n add+ a little oil & rubb+ up aga94 ,! addition ( ! resultant liquid to ! re/ ( ! oil & a %>p agitation f9i%es ! process4 ,,iod9e ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,iod(orm ,,deodoriz]4 ,rub ! "p ) ab\t a teaspoonful ( w9e v9eg>1 aft] a previ\s ?or\gh wa%+ ) soap4 ,iron 7,see also ,metals & ,/eel47 ,to ,color ,iron ,blue4--,"o hundr$ & =ty p>ts ( hyposulphite ( soda are dissolv$ 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]2 #ce p>ts ( acetate ( lead are dissolv$ 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]2 ! two solutions are mix$1 boil$1 & ! iron is imm]s$ !re94 ,! metal takes a blue color1 su* z is obta9$ by heat+4 ,to ,di/+ui% ,iron f ,/eel4--,! piece ( metal to be te/$ is wa%$ & !n plung$ into a solution ( bi*romate ( pota%1 ) ! addition ( consid]able sulphuric acid4 ,9 half a m9ute or a m9ute ! metal c be tak5 out1 wa%$1 & wip$4 ,s(t /eels & ca/ iron assume "u ?is treatm5t an a%-gray t9t4 ,temp]$ /eels become almo/ black1 )\t any metallic reflection4 ,puddl$ & ref9$ irons rema9 ne>ly :ite & always h metallic reflections on ! "p ( _! surface previ\sly fil$1 ! rema9d] ( ! surface pres5t+ irregul> blacki% spots4 ,ano!r me?od is to apply a magnet4 ,/eel responds mu* m quickly & actively to ! magnetic influ5ce ?an does iron4 ,p[d] = ,h>d5+ ,iron & ,/eel4--,= wr\ght iron place 9 ! *>ge #bj p>ts1 by weight1 ( common salt2 #b p>ts1 by weight1 ( potassium cyanide2 #j4c p>ts1 by weight1 ( potassium bi*romate2 #j4ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( brok5 glass2 & #j4a "p1 by weight1 ( potassium nitrate = case-h>d5+4 ,= cool+ & h>d5+ ca/ iron3 ,to #fj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat] add #b4e p>ts1 by weight1 ( v9eg>2 #c p>ts1 by weight1 ( common salt2 & #j4be p>ts1 by weight1 ( hydro*loric acid4 ,prev5t+ ! ,peel+ ( ,coat+s = ,iron4--,to obviate ! scal+ ( coat+s on iron1 if expos$ to ! attacks ( ! wea!r1 x is advisable to wa% ! iron ?or\ghly & to pa9t x next ) a lay] ( boil+ l9se$ oil4 ,if ?us treat$1 ! pa9t nev] cracks (f4 ,if ! iron objects are small & c be heat$1 x is advantage\s to heat !m previ\sly & to dip !m into l9se$ oil4 ,! boil+ oil ent]s all ! pores ( ! metal & drives out ! moi/ure4 ,! coat+ adh]es s firmly t fro/1 ra91 nor w9d c injure x4 ,to ,s(t5 ,iron ,ca/+s4--,to s(t5 h>d iron ca/+s1 heat ! object to a high temp]ature1 cov] x ov] ) f9e coal du/ or "s simil> sub/ance1 & all[ x to cool gradually4 ,:5 ! articles are ( small size1 a numb] ( !m are pack$ 9 a crucible ) sub/ances yield+ c>bon to iron at a gl[+ heat4 ,! crucible is !n tightly clos$1 & plac$ 9 a /ove or on an op5 fire4 ,x is gradually heat$ & kept at a r$ heat = sev]al h\rs1 & !n all[$ to cool sl[ly4 ,ca/-iron turn+s1 c>bonate ( soda1 & unref9$ sug> are recomm5d$ z sub/ances suitable = pack+ 9 ! crucible ) ! ca/+s4 ,if unref9$ sug> alone is add$1 ! quantity mu/ n be too small4 ,by ?is process ! iron may be r5d]$ extremely s(t4 ,to ,:it5 ,iron4--,mix ammoniacal salt 9 p[d] ) an equal volume ( m]cury4 ,?is is dissolv$ 9 cold wat] & mix$ ?or\ghly4 ,imm]se ! metal1 heat$ to r$ness1 9 ?is ba? & x w come out possess+ ! :it5ess & beauty ( silv]4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to ov]heat ! article & ?us burn x4 ,,iron1 ,,bit+ ,,(f ,,r$ ,,hot3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,iron1 ,,cem5ts ,,=3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,iron1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,iron ,,to ,,clo?1 ,,glu+3 ,see ,adhesives4 #dbh ,,iron1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,atta* ,,rubb] ,,to3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,rubb] ,cem5ts4 ,,iron ,,oxalate ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,iron ,,sold]s3 ,see ,sold]s4 ,,iron+ ,,wax3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,iron ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,it*1 ,,b>b]s'3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,ivory 7,see also ,bones1 ,%ell1 & ,horn47 ,,to ,,color ,,ivory3 ,r$4--,! article is plac$ = #bd h\rs 9 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts ( :i* c>ry #ajj p>ts ( v9eg> 7acetic acid1 #f p] c5t71 & f #a to #e p>ts ( anil9e r$4 ,z soon z x acquires ! desir$ color p\r (f ! liquid1 let ! ivory dry1 & poli% ) ,vi5na lime4 ,black4--,wa% ! article fir/ 9 pota% or soda lye & !n put into a neutral solution ( silv] nitrate4 ,dra9 (f ! liquid & lay 9 ! direct sun%9e4 ,r$-,purple4--,put ! article 9 a weak solution ( triple gold *loride & !n into direct sun%9e4 ,r$4--,= a diff]5t %ade ( r$ 7f ! fir/ giv571 place ! article = a %ort "t 9 wat] weakly acidifi$ ) nitric acid & !n 9 a solution ( co*9eal 9 ammonia4 ,yell[4--,leave = sev]al h\rs 9 a solution ( lead acetate1 r9se & dry4 ,:5 q dry place 9 a solution ( potassium *romate4 ,to ,color ,billi>d ,balls ,r$4-- ,fi]y ,r$4--,wa% ! article fir/ 9 a solution ( c>bonate ( soda1 !n plunge = a few seconds 9 a ba? ( equal p>ts ( wat] & nitric acid4 ,remove1 r9se 9 runn+ wat]2 !n put 9 an alcoholic solution ( fu*s9e & let x rema9 until x is ! requir$ color4 ,*]ry ,r$4--,clean by wa%+ 9 ! sodium c>bonate solution1 r9se & lay 9 a #b p] c5t solution ( t9 *loride1 = a few mom5ts1 !n boil 9 a solution ( logwood4 ,f9ally lay 9 a solution ( potassium c>bonate until x assumes ! desir$ color4 ,pale ,r$4--,wa% 9 soda solution1 r9se & lay = #be m9utes 9 a #e p] c5t solution ( nitric acid1 r9se1 !n lay = sev]al m9utes 9 a weak solution ( t9 *loride4 ,f9ally boil 9 ! foll[+ solution3 ,c>m9e1 #b p>ts2 sodium c>bonate1 #ab p>ts2 wat]1 #bjj p>ts2 acetic acid en\gh to saturate4 ,br[n4--,apply sev]al coats ( an ammoniacal solution ( potassium p]manganate4 ,simil> results are obta9$ if ! solution is dilut$ ) v9eg>1 & ! ivory article all[$ to rema9 9 ! liquid = "s "t4 ,et*+ on ,ivory 7see also ,et*+74--,al?\gh decorations on ivory articles1 su* z umbrella h&les1 cuff-buttons1 fans1 book-cov]s1 boxes1 etc41 are g5]ally engrav$1 ! "w is frequ5tly done by et*+4 ,! patt]ns mu/ be v delicate1 & are execut$ 9 l9es only4 ,! simple/ way is to cov] ! surface ) a ?9 ros9 v>ni%4 ,!n transf] ! patt]n & scrat* x out accurately ) a po9t$ ne$le4 ,o!rwise proce$ same z 9 et*+ on metal & /one1 mak+ an edge ( model+ wax ar\nd ! surface to be et*$ & p\r+ on ! acid1 :i* consi/s1 9 ?is case1 ( sulphuric acid1 #a "p1 to :i* #e to #f p>ts ( wat] are add$4 ,x acts v quickly4 ,! l9es turn a deep black4 ,if br[n l9es are desir$1 dissolve #a "p ( silv] nitrate 9 #e p>ts ( wat]1 et* = a %ort "t1 & expose ! article = a few h\rs to ! light1 until ! design turns br[n4 ,v (t5 et*+s 9 ivory are gild$4 ,= ?is purpose1 fill ! et*$ patt]ns accurately ) siccatives1 us+ a writ+ p51 dry1 & dab on gold leaf4 ,aft] a few h\rs remove ! sup]flu\s gold ) wadd+1 & ! design w be nicely gild$4 ,et*$ ivory articles pres5t a v h&some appe>ance if !y are fir/ cov]$ ) a silv]y gloss1 ! design be+ gild$ aft]w>ds4 ,= ! =m] purpose ! et*$ object is laid 9 ! above describ$ solution ( silv] nitrate until x has acquir$ a d>k yell[ color4 ,!n r9se x (f 9 clean wat] &1 :ile /ill moi/1 expose to direct sunlight4 ,aft] #c to #d h\rs ! surface becomes entirely black1 b w take on a f9e silv]y lu/] if rubb$ ) s(t lea!r4 ,flexible ,ivory4--,to s(t5 ivory & r5d] x flexible put pure phosphoric acid 7specific gravity1 #a4ac7 into a wide-m\!d bottle or j> t c be cov]$1 & /eep ! ivory 9 ?is until x p>tially loses its opacity2 !n wa% ! ivory 9 cold1 s(t wat] & dry1 :5 ! ivory w be f\nd s(t & flexible4 #dbi ,x rega9s its h>dness 9 c\rse ( "t :5 freely expos$ to air1 al?\gh its flexibility c be re/or$ by imm]s+ ! ivory 9 hot wat]4 ,ano!r s(t5+ fluid is prep>$ by mix+ #a ounce ( _s ( nit] ) #e ounces ( wat] & /eep+ ! ivory 9 ! fluid = #d or #e days4 ,h>d5$ ,ivory4--,to re/ore ! h>dness to ivory t has be5 s(t5$ by ! above me?ods1 wrap x 9 a %eet ( :ite writ+ pap]1 cov] x ) dry decrepitat$ salt1 & let x rema9 ?us cov]$ = #bd h\rs4 ,! decrepitat$ salt is prep>$ by /rew+ common kit*5 salt on a plate or di% & /&+ same be=e a fi]ce fire1 :5 ! salt loses its cry/all9e appe>ance & assumes a d5se opaque :it5ess4 ,,imitation ,,ivory3 ,see also ,case9 & ,pla/]4 ,manufacture ( ,comp\nds ,imitat+ ,ivory1 ,%ell1 etc4--,case91 z kn[n1 may act ! "p ( an acid & comb9e ) bases to =m case9ates or caseates2 among ^! comp\nds1 case9ates ( pota%1 ( soda1 & ( ammonia are ! only ones soluble 9 wat]2 all ! o!rs are insoluble & may be readily prep>$ by d\ble decomposition4 ,?us1 = example1 to obta9 case9ate ( alum9a1 x is suffici5t to add to a solution ( case9 9 cau/ic soda a solution ( sulphate ( alum9a2 an insoluble precipitate ( case91 or case9ate ( alum9a1 is in/antly =m$4 ,?is precipitate ought to be fre$ f ! sulphate ( soda 7=m$ by d\ble decomposition7 by means ( prolong$ wa%+4 ,:5 pure1 ord9>y cellulose may be incorporat$ ) x by ?is process1 produc+ a new comp\nd1 *eap] ?an pure cellulose1 al?\gh possess+ ! same prop]ties1 & capable ( replac+ x 9 all its applications4 ,accord+ to ! results desir$1 9 transp>5cy1 color1 h>dness1 etc41 ! mo/ suitable case9ate %\ld be select$4 ,?us1 if a transluc5t comp\nd is to be obta9$1 ! case9ate ( alum9a yields ! be/4 ,if a :ite comp\nd is desir$1 ! case9ate ( z9c or ( magnesia %\ld be *os52 & = color$ products ! case9ates ( iron1 copp]1 & nickel w give v>i$ t9ts4 ,! process employ$ = ! new products1 ) a base ( celluloid & case9ate1 is z foll[s3 ,on "o h& case9 is dissolv$ 9 a solution ( cau/ic soda 7#ajj ( wat] = #aj to #be ( soda71 & ?is liquid is filt]$1 to sep>ate ! matt]s n dissolv$ & ! impurities4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a salt 7( ! base ( :i* ! case9ate is desir$7 is dissolv$1 & ! solution filt]$4 ,x is well n to op]ate on too conc5trat$ a solution4 ,! two solutions are mix$ 9 a res]voir furni%$ ) a me*anical /irr]1 9 ord] to obta9 ! insoluble case9ate precipitate 9 z f9ely divid$ a /ate z possible4 ,?is precipitate %\ld be wa%$ ?or\ghly s z to free x f ! soda salt =m$ by d\ble decomposition1 b on acc\nt ( its gummy or pa/y /ate1 ?is wa%+ pres5ts c]ta9 difficulties1 & %\ld be done c>efully4 ,aft] ! wa%+ x %\ld be fre$ f ! great] "p ( wat] conta9$ by dra9+1 foll[$ by dry+1 or en]getic press+2 !n x is wa%$ 9 alcohol1 dri$ or press$ aga91 & is ready to be incorporat$ 9 ! mass ( ! celluloid4 ,= ! latt] imm]sion & wa%+1 x has be5 f\nd t an addition ( #a to #e p] c5t ( borax is advantage\s1 = x r5d]s ! mass m pla/ic1 & facilitates ! op]ation ( mix+4 ,?is may be conduct$ 9 a mix+ app>atus2 b1 9 practice1 x is f\nd pref]able to effect x ) a roll+ mill1 op]at$ z foll[s3 ,! nitro-cellulose is introduc$ 9 ! pla/ic /ate1 & moi/5$ ) a solution ( camphor 9 alcohol 7#dj to #ej p>ts ( camphor 9 #ej to #gj p>ts ( alcohol = #ajj p>ts ( nitro-cellulose7 z x is practic$ 9 celluloid factories4 ,?is pla/ic mass ( nitro-cellulose is plac$ 9 a roll+ mill1 ! cyl9d]s ( :i* are slightly heat$ at ! same "t z ! case9ate1 prep>$ z above2 !n ! :ole mass is work$ by ! cyl9d]s until ! mixture ( ! two is p]fectly homog5e\s1 & ! f9al mass is suffici5tly h>d to be drawn out 9 leaves 9 ! same way z practic$ = pure celluloid4 ,^! leaves are plac$ 9 hydraulic presses1 :]e !y are compress$1 fir/ hot1 !n cold1 & ! block ?us =m$ is aft]w>ds cut into leaves ( ! ?ickness desir$4 ,^! leaves are dri$ 9 an app>atus 9 ! same way z ord9>y celluloid4 ,! product resembles celluloid1 & has all its prop]ties4 ,at #aie to #bae ,f4 x becomes q pla/ic1 & is easily mold$4 ,x may be saw$1 fil$1 turn$1 & c>v$ )\t difficulty1 & takes on a sup]b poli%4 ,x burns less readily ?an celluloid1 & its combu/ibility dim9i%es 9 proportion z ! p]c5tage ( case9ate increases2 f9ally1 ! co/ price is less ?an t ( celluloid1 #dcj & by us+ a l>ge proportion ( case9ate1 products may be manufactur$ at an extremely l[ co/4 ,,ivory ,,& ,,bone ,,blea*es4 ,if simply dirty1 scrub ) soap & tepid wat]1 us+ an old too? or nail bru% = ! purpose4 ,grease /a9s may be sometimes remov$ by apply+ a pa/e ( *alk or :it+ & b5zol1 cov]+ ! article s t ! b5zol may n dry too rapidly4 ,c>bon disulphide 7! purifi$ article7 may be us$ 9 place ( b5zol4 ,:5 dry1 rub (f ) a /iff bru%4 ,if n remov$ ) ! fir/ application1 repeat ! process4 ,delicately c>v$ articles t %[ a t5d5cy to brittl5ess %\ld be soak$ = a %ort "t 9 dilute phosphoric acid be=e any attempt to clean !m is made4 ,?is r5d]s ! m9ut] portions almo/ ductile1 & prev5ts _! break+ "u clean+4 ,! l>ge scrat*$ bru% %\ld be treat$ z foll[s3 ,if ! scrat*es are deep1 ! surface may be c>efully rubb$ d[n to ! dep? ( ! scrat*1 us+ ! f9e/ em]y clo?1 until ! dep? is ne>ly rea*$1 !n sub/itut+ crocus clo?4 ,to re/ore ! poli% no?+ is sup]ior to ! g5u9e ,g]man putz pomade1 foll[+ by rubb+ fir/ ) *amois & f9i%+ (f ) s(t old silk4 ,! m 8elb[ grease0 put into ! rubb+ ! easi] ! task1 z ! heat g5]at$ by friction seems to l5d a sort ( ductility to ! surface4 ,to remove ! yell[ hue due to age1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,make a little tripod ) wire1 to hold ! object a few in*es above a little vessel conta9+ lime *loride moi/5$ ) hydro*loric acid2 put ! object on ! /&1 cov] ! :ole ) a bell glass1 & expose to direct sunlight4 ,:5 blea*$1 remove & wa% 9 a solution ( sodium bic>bonate1 r9se 9 cle> wat] & dry4 ,l "m-(-pe>l1 ivory is readily clean$ by dipp+ 9 a ba? ( oxyg5iz$ wat] or imm]s+ = #ae m9utes 9 spirits ( turp5t9e1 & subsequ5tly expos+ to ! sun = #c or #d days4 ,= a simple clean+ ( smoo? articles1 wa% !m 9 hot wat]1 9 :i* !re has be5 previ\sly dissolv$ #ajj p>ts 7by weight7 ( bic>bonate ( soda p] #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,to clean c>v$ ivory make a pa/e ( v f9e1 damp sawdu/1 & put on ?is ! juice ( #a or #b lemons1 accord+ to ! article to be treat$4 ,n[ apply a lay] ( ?is sawdu/ on ! ivory1 & :5 dry bru% x (f & rub ! object ) a *amois4 ,,ivory ,,te/s4 ,_m ye>s ago an article 0 introduc$ 9 ! indu/rial _w :i* 9 contradi/9ction to ! g5u9e animal ivory1 has its orig9 9 ! vegetable k+dom1 be+ d]iv$ f ! nut ( a palm-l %rub call$ phytelephasmacroc>pa1 ^: fruit rea*es ! size ( an apple4 ,?is fruit has a v :ite1 exce$+ly h>d k]nel :i* c be work$ l ivory4 ,a hundr$ ( ^! fruits only co/+ ab\t #a1 _! use (f]s great advantages4 ,work$ on ! la! ?is ivory c be pass$ (f z ! g5u9e article1 x be+ s mu* l x t x is (t5 sold at ! same price4 ,x c also be color$ j l g5u9e ivory4 ,to di/+ui% ! two v>ieties ( ivory1 ! foll[+ me?od may be employ$3 ,conc5trat$ sulphuric acid appli$ to vegetable ivory w cause a p9k color+ 9 ab\t #aj or #ab m9utes1 :i* c be remov$ aga9 by wa%+ ) wat]4 ,appli$ on g5u9e ivory1 ?is acid does n affect x 9 any mann]4 ,,ivory ,,black3 ,see ,bone ,black4 ,,ivory ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,ivory ,,gild+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,ivory ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,japan ,,black3 ,see ,pa9ts4 ,,japann+ ,,& ,,japan ,,t9n+3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,jasm9e ,,milk3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,jelly 7,,fruit7 ,,extract3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,jewel]s' ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,jewel]s' ,,clean+ ,,processes3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,jewel]s' ,=mulas 7,see also ,gems1 ,gold1 & ,wat*mak]s' ,recipes47 ,color+ ,gold ,jewelry4--,foll[+ are sev]al recipes = color+3 ,saltpet]1 #dj p>ts2 alum1 #cj p>ts2 sea salt1 #cj p>ts2 or1 liquid ammonia1 #ajj p>ts2 sea salt1 #c p>ts2 wat]1 #ajj p>ts4 ,heat )\t all[+ to boil & plunge #dca ! objects into x = #b or #c m9utes1 /irr+ con/antly2 r9se 9 alum wat] & !n 9 clean wat]4 ,ano!r recipe3 ,calcium bromide1 #ajj p>ts2 brom9e1 #e p>ts4 ,place ! articles 9 ?is solution1 ) /irr+1 = #b to #c m9utes2 next wa% 9 a solution ( hyposulphite ( sodium & r9se 9 clean wat]4 ,ano!r3 ,v]digris1 #cj p>ts2 sea salt1 #cj p>ts2 blood /one1 #cj p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #cj p>ts2 alum1 #e p>ts4 ,gr9d all & /ir ) /rong v9eg>2 or1 v]digris1 #ajj p>ts2 hydro*lorate ( ammonia1 #ajj p>ts2 saltpet]1 #fe p>ts2 copp] fil+s1 #dj p>ts4 ,bray all & mix ) /rong v9eg>4 ,to ,wid5 a ,jewel ,hole4--,*uck ! hole 9 a la! ) cem5t4 ,place a _s lamp und]nea? to prev5t ! cem5t f h>d5+4 ,hold ! po9t$ bit aga9/ ! hole1 :ile ! la! is runn+1 until ! hole is true1 :5 ! lamp %\ld be remov$4 ,! broa* to wid5 ! hole %\ld be made ( copp]1 ( ! requir$ size & %ape1 & ! po9t1 aft] be+ oil$1 %\ld be roll$ 9 diamond du/ until x is entirely cov]$4 ,! diamond du/ %\ld !n be beat5 9 ) a burni%]1 us+ v light bl[s s z n to bruise ! broa*4 ,aft] ! hole is wid5$ z desir$1 x requires poli%+ ) a broa* made ( ivory & us$ ) oil & ! f9e/ diamond du/1 loose1 n driv5 into ! broa*4 ,to ,clean ,jet ,jewelry4--,r$uce bread crumbs into small p>ticles1 & introduce into all ! curves & holl[s ( ! jewelry1 :ile rubb+ ) a flannel4 ,color+ ,common ,gold4--,9 color+ gold bel[ #ah c>at1 ! foll[+ mixture may be us$ ) success1 & if c>efully employ$1 ev5 #ab c>at gold may be color$ by x3 ,take nitrate ( potassa 7saltpet]71 #d p>ts1 by weight2 alum1 #b p>ts2 & common salt1 #b p>ts4 ,add suffici5t w>m wat] to mix ! +r$i5ts into a ?9 pa/e2 place ! mixture 9 a small pipk9 or crucible & all[ to boil4 ,! article to be color$ %\ld be susp5d$ by a wire & dipp$ into ! mixture1 :]e x %\ld rema9 f #aj to #bj m9utes4 ,! article %\ld !n be remov$ & well r9s$ 9 hot wat]1 :5 x mu/ be scrat* bru%$1 aga9 r9s$ & return$ to ! color+ salts = a few m9utes2 x is !n to be aga9 r9s$ 9 hot wat]1 scrat* bru%$1 & f9ally bru%$ ) soap & hot wat]1 r9s$ 9 hot wat]1 & plac$ 9 boxwood sawdu/4 ,! object be+ m]ely to remove ! alloy1 z soon z ! article has acquir$ ! prop] color ( f9e gold x may be consid]$ suffici5tly act$ ^u by ! above mixture4 ,! color+ salts %\ld n be us$ = gold ( a l[] /&>d ?an #ab c>at1 &1 ev5 = ?is quality ( gold1 "s c>e mu/ be tak5 :5 ! articles are ( a v slight make4 ,%ades ( ,r$1 etc41 on ,matt ,gold ,bij\t]ie4--,= ! production ( ! r$ & o!r %ades on matt gold articles1 ! s-call$ gold v>ni%es are employ$1 :i* consi/ ( %ellac dissolv$ 9 alcohol & are color$ ) gum ros9s4 ,?us a h&some gold5 yell[ is obta9$ f %ellac1 #ce p>ts2 se$-lac1 #ce p>ts2 dragon's blood1 #ej p>ts2 gamboge1 #ej p>ts2 dissolv$ 9 #djj p>ts ( alcohol2 ! cle> solution is decant$ & mix$ ) #ge p>ts ( ,v5ice turp5t9e4 ,by *ang+ ! am\nts ( ! color+ ros9s1 %ades f bright gold yell[ to copp] color are obta9$4 ,! v>ni% is appli$ ev5ly & aft] dry+ is wip$ (f f ! rais$ portions ( ! article by means ( a pad ( wadd+ dipp$ into alcohol1 :]eby a h&some pat9ation effect is produc$1 s9ce ! lacqu] rema9s 9 ! cavities4 ,*as$ articles are simply rubb$ ) e>? colors gr\nd into a pa/e ) turp5t9e oil1 = :i* purpose burnt si5na1 f9e o*]s ( a gold5 color1 gold5 yell[1 & v>i\s %ades ( gre5 are employ$4 ,i4--,yell[ wax #cb p>ts ,r$ bole #c p>ts ,cry/alliz$ v]digris #b p>ts ,alum #b p>ts ,,ii4--,yell[ wax #ie p>ts ,r$ bole #fd p>ts ,colco?> #b p>ts ,cry/alliz$ v]digris #cb p>ts ,copp] a%es #bj p>ts ,z9c vitriol #cb p>ts ,gre5 vitriol #af p>ts ,borax #a "p ,! wax is melt$ & ! f9ely p[d]$ *emicals are /irr$ 91 9 rotation4 ,if ! gilt bronze goods are to obta9 a lu/r\s orange %ade1 apply a mixture ( f]ric oxide1 alum1 cook+ salt1 & v9eg> 9 ! heat$ articles by means ( a bru%1 heat+ to ab\t #bff ,f4 until ! %ade comm5ces to turn black & wat] spr9kl$ on w evaporate ) a hiss+ s\nd1 !n cool 9 wat]1 dip 9 a mixture ( #a "p ( nitric acid ) #dj p>ts ( wat]1 r9se #dcb ?or\ghly1 dry1 & poli%4 ,= ! production ( a pale-gold %ade use a wax prep>ation consi/+ (3 ,,iii4--,yell[ wax #ai p>ts ,z9c vitriol #aj p>ts ,burnt borax #c p>ts ,gre5-gold color is produc$ by a mixture (3 ,,iv4--,saltpet] #f p>ts ,gre5 vitriol #b p>ts ,z9c vitriol #a "p ,alum #a "p ,to ,matt ,gilt ,articles4--,if x is desir$ to matt gilt articles p>tly or entirely1 ! portions :i* are to rema9 burni%$ are cov]$ ) a mixture ( *alk1 sug>1 & mucilage1 heat+ until ?is 8/opp+-(f0 cov]+ %[s a black color4 ,on ! places n cov]$ apply a matt+ p[d] consi/+ (3 ,saltpet] #dj p>ts ,alum #be p>ts ,cook+ salt #ce p>ts ,heat ! objects to ab\t #fjh ,f41 :]eby ! p[d] is melt$ & acquires ! consi/5cy ( a ?9 pa/e4 ,9 case ( too high a temp]ature decomposition w set 94 ,to ,f9d ! ,numb] ( ,c>ats4--,to f9d ! numb] ( c>ats ( gold 9 an object1 fir/ weigh ! gold & mix ) sev5 times its weight 9 silv]4 ,?is alloy is beat5 into ?9 leaves1 & nitric acid is add$2 ?is dissolves ! silv] & copp]4 ,! rema9d] 7gold7 is !n fus$ & weigh$2 by comp>+ ! fir/ & la/ weights ! numb] ( c>ats ( pure gold is f\nd4 ,to *eck repeat sev]al times4 ,acid ,te/ = ,gold4--,! ord9>y ready me?od ( asc]ta9+ :e!r a piece ( jewelry is made ( gold consi/s 9 t\*+ x ) a glass /opp] wett$ ) nitric acid1 :i* leaves gold unt\*$1 b colors base alloys blue f ! =mation ( nitrate ( copp]4 ,imitation ,diamonds4--,i4--,m9ium1 #ge p>ts 7by weight72 wa%$ :ite s&1 #ej p>ts2 calc9$ pota%1 #ah p>ts2 calc9$ borax1 #f p>ts2 bioxide ( ars5ic1 #a "p4 ,! s& mu/ be wa%$ 9 hydro*loric acid & !n sev]al times 9 clean wat]4 ,! specific gravity ( ?is cry/al glass is almo/ ! same z t ( ! diamond4 ,,ii4--,wa%$ :ite s&1 #ajj p>ts 7by weight73 m9ium1 #ce p>ts2 calc9$ pota%1 #be p>ts2 calc9$ borax1 #bj p>ts2 nitrate ( pota% 7cry/als71 #aj p>ts2 p]oxide ( manganese1 #e p>ts4 ,! s& mu/ be wa%$ z above /at$4 ,diamant9e4--,?is sub/ance consi/s ( cry/alliz$ boron1 ! basis ( borax4 ,by melt+ #ajj p>ts ( boracic acid & #hj p>ts ( alum9um cry/als is obta9$ ! s-call$ bort1 :i* ev5 attacks diamond4 ,! diamant9e ( comm]ce is n s h>d4 ,to ,ref9e ,bo>d ,sweep+s4--,! residue result+ f a jobb+ jewel]'s bus9ess1 su* z bo>d sweep+s & o!r residuum1 :i* is cont9ually accumulat+ & :i* inv>iably consi/s ( all mix$ qualities ( /&>d1 may h ! preci\s metals recov]$ !refrom 9 a v simple mann]1 z foll[s3 ,collect ! residue & burn x 9 an iron ladle or pan1 until all grease or o!r organic matt] is de/roy$4 ,:5 cool mix ) #a_/e "p soda-a%1 & melt 9 a clay crucible4 ,:5 ! metal is ?or\ghly melt$ x w leave ! flux & s9k to ! bottom ( ! crucible2 at ?is /age ! flux assumes ! appe>ance ( a ?9 fluid1 & !n is ! "t to )draw ! pot f ! fire4 ,! metal 9 ! crucible--b n ! flux--may n[ be p\r$ into a vessel ( wat]1 /irr+ ! wat] 9 a circul> direction :ile ! metal is be+ p\r$ 91 :i* causes x to =m into small gra9s1 & s prep>es x = ! next process4 ,dissolve ! gra9s 9 a mixture ( nitric acid & wat] 9 equal quantities4 ,x takes ab\t f\r times ! quantity ( liquid z metal to dissolve4 ,! gold rema9s undissolv$ 9 ?is mixture1 & may be recov]$ by filt]+ or decant+ ! liquid above x 9 ! dissolv+ vessel2 x is !n dri$1 mix$ ) a little flux1 & melt$ 9 ! usual mann]1 :]eupon pure gold w be obta9$4 ,to recov] ! silv]1 dilute ! solution :i* has be5 )drawn f ! gold ) six times its bulk ( wat]1 & add by degrees small quantities ( f9ely p[d]$ common salt1 & ?is w ?r[ d[n ! silv] into a :ite1 curdy p[d] ( *loride ( silv]4 ,cont9ue to add salt until no cl\d9ess is obs]v$ 9 ! solution1 :5 ! wat] above ! s$im5t may be p\r$ (f2 ! s$im5t is next well wa%$ ) w>m wat] sev]al times1 !n dri$ & melt$ 9 ! same mann] z ! gold1 & y w h a lump ( pure silv]4 ,re/oration ( ! ,color ( ,turquoises4--,aft] a c]ta9 "t turquoises lose a "p ( _! f9e color4 ,x is easy to re/ore ! color by imm]s+ !m 9 a solution ( c>bonate ( soda4 ,b x seems t ! blue _c be re/or$ anew aft] ?is op]ation1 if x aga9 becomes dull4 ,! above applies to #dcc common turquoises1 & n to ^? ( ! ,ori5t1 ( :i* ! color does n *ange4 ,color+s = ,jewel]s' ,"w4--,i4--,take #dj p>ts ( saltpet]2 #cj p>ts ( alum2 #cj p>ts ( sea salt2 or #ajj grams ( liquid ammonia2 #c p>ts sea salt2 & #ajj p>ts wat]4 ,?is is heat$ )\t br++ x to a boil1 & ! articles dipp$ into x = f #b to #c m9utes1 /irr+ ! liquid con/antly2 aft] ?is ba? !y are dipp$ 9 alum wat] & !n ?or\ghly r9s$ 9 clean wat]4 ,,ii4--,"o hundr$ p>ts ( calcium bromide & #b p>ts ( bromium4 ,! objects are all[$ to rema9 9 ?is solution 7:i* mu/ be also con/antly /irr$7 = f #b to #c m9utes1 !n wa%$ 9 a solution ( sodium hyposulphite1 aft] :i* !y mu/ be r9s$ 9 clean wat]4 ,,iii4--,?irty p>ts ( v]digris2 #cj p>ts ( sea salt2 #cj p>ts ( hematite2 #cj p>ts ( sal ammoniac1 & #e p>ts ( alum4 ,?is mu/ be all gr\nd up toge!r & mix$ ) /rong v9eg>2 or we may also use #ajj p>ts ( v]digris2 #ajj p>ts ( hydro*lorate ( ammonia2 #fe p>ts ( saltpet]1 & #dj p>ts ( copp] fil+s1 all ( :i* are to be well mix$ ) /rong v9eg>4 #bb-;,c>at ,sold]4--,sold]+ is a process :i*1 by means ( a m fusible comp\nd1 ! connect+ surfaces ( metals are firmly secur$ to ea* o!r1 b1 = _m practical purposes1 x is advisable to h ! fus+ po9t ( ! metal & sold] z ne> ea* o!r z possible1 :i*1 9 ! majority ( cases1 pres]ves a union m la/+1 & ! jo9t less di/+ui%able1 9 consequ5ce ( ! simil>ity ( ! metal & sold] 9 color1 :i* age does n de/roy1 & ?is is n ! case ) sold]s ! fusible po9ts ( :i* are v l[4 ,! metal to be sold]$ toge!r mu/ h an aff9ity = ! sold]1 o!rwise ! union w be imp]fect2 & ! sold] %\ld likewise act ^u ! metal1 p>tly by ?is aff9ity or *emical attraction1 & p>tly by cohesive =ce1 to unite ! connections s\ndly & firmly toge!r4 ,sold]s %\ld !re=e be prep>$ suitable to ! "w 9 h&1 if a good & la/+ job is to be made4 ,x %\ld always be borne 9 m9d t ! high] ! fus+ po9t ( ! gold alloy--& ?is c be made to v>y consid]ably1 ev5 ) any specifi$ quality--! h>d] sold] mu/ be us$1 =1 9 ! case ( a m fusible mixture ( gold1 ! latt] w\ld melt be=e ! sold] & cause ! "w to be de/roy$4 ,a v good =mula = ! fir/1 or ord9>y1 #bb-;c>at alloy is ?is3 dwts4 grs4 ,f9e gold #a #j ,f9e silv] #j #c ,f9e copp] #j #b #a #e ,?is mixture w answ] all ! _m purposes ( ! jobb]2 = sold]+ high quality gold w>es t come = repairs1 p>ticul>ly w$d+ r+s1 x w be f\nd admirably suit$4 ,if an easi] sold] is want$1 & su* is v (t5 ! case ) jobb+ jewel]s1 especially :]e sev]al sold]+s h to be accompli%$1 x is z well to h at h& a sold] :i* w n di/urb ! previ\s sold]+ places1 = if ?is is n prev5t$ a v simple job is made v difficult1 & a lot ( "t & pati5ce :olly wa/$4 ,to gu>d aga9/ a ?+ ( ?is k9d ! foll[+ sold] may be employ$ on ! top ( ! previ\s "o3 dwts4 grs4 ,f9e gold #a #j ,f9e silv] #j #c ,yell[ brass #j #b #a #e ,?is sold] is ( ! same value z ! previ\s "o1 b its melt+ po9t is l[]1 & x w be f\nd useful = _m purposes t c be turn$ to good acc\nt 9 a jobb+ jewel]'s bus9ess4 ,,jewel]s' ,,alloys3 ,see also ,alloys & ,sold]s4 #ah-;,c>at ,gold = ,r+s4--,gold co91 #ai #a_/b gra9s2 pure copp]1 #c gra9s2 pure silv]1 #a #a_/b gra9s4 ,*eap ,gold1 #ab ,c>at4--,gold co91 #be gra9s2 pure copp]1 #ac #a_/b gra9s2 pure silv]1 #g #a_/c gra9s4 ,v ,*eap #d-;,c>at ,gold4--,copp]1 #ah p>ts2 gold1 #d p>ts2 silv]1 #b p>ts4 ,imitations ( ,gold4--,i4--,plat9a1 #d p5nyweights2 pure copp]1 #b #a_/d p5nyweights2 %eet z9c1 #a p5nyweight2 block t91 #a #c_/d p5nyweights2 pure lead1 #a #a_/b p5nyweight4 ,if ?is %\ld be f\nd too h>d or brittle = practical use1 remelt+ ! composition ) a little sal ammoniac w g5]ally r5d] x malleable z desir$4 ,,ii4--,plat9a1 #b p>ts2 silv]1 #a "p2 copp]1 #c p>ts4 ,^! compositions1 :5 prop]ly prep>$1 s ne>ly resemble pure gold t x is v difficult to #dcd di/+ui% !m !refrom4 ,a little p[d]$ *>coal1 mix$ ) metals :ile melt+1 w be f\nd ( s]vice4 ,be/ ,oreide ( ,gold4--,pure copp]1 #d ounces2 %eet z9c1 #a #c_/d ounces2 magnesia1 #e_/h ounce2 sal ammoniac1 #aa_/cb ounce2 quicklime1 #i_/cb ounce2 cream t>t>1 #g_/h ounce4 ,fir/ melt ! copp] at z l[ a temp]ature z x w melt2 !n add ! z9c1 & aft]w>ds ! o!r articles 9 p[d]1 9 ! ord] nam$4 ,use a *>coal fire to melt ^! metals4 ,bu%+ ,alloy = ,pivot ,holes1 etc4--,gold co91 #c p5nyweights2 silv]1 #a p5nyweight1 #bj gra9s2 copp]1 #c p5nyweights1 #bj gra9s2 palladium1 #a p5nyweight4 ,! be/ composition kn[n = ! purpose nam$4 ,gold ,sold] = #ad- to #af-;,c>at ,"w4--,gold co91 #a p5nyweight2 pure silv]1 #i gra9s2 pure copp]1 #f gra9s2 brass1 #c gra9s4 ,d>k] ,sold]4--,gold co91 #a p5nyweight2 pure copp]1 #h gra9s2 pure silv]1 #e gra9s2 brass1 #b gra9s4 ,melt toge!r 9 *>coal fire4 ,sold] = ,gold4--,gold1 #f p5nyweights2 silv]1 #a p5nyweight2 copp]1 #b p5nyweights4 ,s(t ,gold ,sold]4--,gold1 #d p>ts2 silv]1 #a "p2 copp]1 #a "p4 ,sold]s = ,silv] 7= ! use ( jewel]s74--,f9e silv]1 #ai p5nyweights2 copp]1 #a p5nyweight2 %eet brass1 #aj p5nyweights4 ,:ite ,sold] = ,silv]4--,silv]1 #a ounce2 t91 #a ounce4 ,silv] ,sold] = ,plat$ ,metal4--,f9e silv]1 #a ounce2 brass1 #aj p5nyweights4 ,sold]s = ,gold4--,i4--,silv]1 #g p>ts2 copp]1 #a "p2 ) borax4 ,,ii4--,gold1 #b p>ts2 silv]1 #a "p2 copp]1 #a "p4 ,,iii4--,gold1 #c p>ts2 silv]1 #c p>ts2 copp]1 #a "p2 z9c1 #a_/b "p4 ,= ,silv]4--,silv]1 #b p>ts2 brass1 #a "p2 ) borax2 or1 silv]1 #d p>ts2 brass1 #c p>ts2 z9c1 #a_/ah "p2 ) borax4 ,gold ,sold]s 7see also ,sold]s74--,i4--,copp]1 #bd4bd p>ts2 silv]1 #bg4eg p>ts2 gold1 #dh4ai p>ts4 ,,ii4--,enamel ,sold]4--,copp]1 #be p>ts2 silv]1 #g4jg p>ts2 gold1 #fg4ic p>ts4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #bf4ee p>ts2 z9c1 #f4be p>ts2 silv]1 #ca4be p>ts2 gold1 #cf p>ts4 ,,iv4--,enamel ,sold]4--,silv]1 #ai4eg p>ts2 gold1 #hj4dc p>ts4 ,sold] = #bb-;,c>at ,gold4--,gold ( #bb c>ats1 #a p5nyweight2 silv]1 #b gra9s2 copp]1 #a gra94 ,= #ah-;,c>at ,gold4--,gold ( #ah c>ats1 #a p5nyweight2 silv]1 #b gra9s2 copp]1 #a gra94 ,= ,*eap] ,gold4--,i4--,gold1 #a p5nyweight2 silv]1 #aj gra9s2 copp]1 #h gra9s4 ,,ii4--,f9e gold1 #a p5nyweight2 silv]1 #a p5nyweight2 copp]1 #a p5nyweight4 ,silv] ,sold]s 7see also ,sold]s74--,i4 7,h>d47--,copp]1 #cj p>ts2 z9c1 #ab4he p>ts2 silv]1 #eg4ae p>ts4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #bc4cc p>ts2 z9c1 #aj p>ts2 silv]1 #ff4fg p>ts4 ,,iii4--,copp]1 #bf4ff p>ts2 z9c1 #aj p>ts2 silv]1 #fc4cd p>ts4 ,,iv4 7,s(t47--,copp]1 #ad4ge p>ts2 z9c1 #h4ej p>ts2 silv]1 #gg4je p>ts4 ,v4--,copp]1 #bb4cd p>ts2 z9c1 #aj4dh p>ts2 silv]1 #fg4ah p>ts4 ,,vi4--,t91 #fc p>ts2 lead1 #cg p>ts4 ,,= ,,silv]smi?s3 ,i4--,/]l+ ,silv]4--,f9e silv]1 #aa ounces1 #b p5nyweights2 f9e copp]1 #ah p5nyweights4 ,,ii4--,equal to ,/]l+4--,f9e silv]1 #a ounce2 f9e copp]1 #a p5nyweight1 #ab gra9s4 ,,iii4--,f9e silv]1 #a ounce2 f9e copp]1 #e p5nyweights4 ,,iv4--,common ,silv] = ,*a9s4--,f9e silv]1 #f p5nyweights2 f9e copp]1 #d p5nyweights4 ,v4--,sold]4--,f9e silv]1 #af p5nyweights2 f9e copp]1 #ab gra9s2 p9 brass1 #c p5nyweights1 #ab gra9s4 ,,vi4--,alloy = ,plat+4--,f9e silv]1 #a ounce2 f9e copp]1 #aj p5nyweights4 ,,vii4--,silv] ,sold]4--,f9e silv]1 #a ounce2 p9 brass1 #aj p5nyweights2 pure spelt]1 #b p5nyweights4 ,,viii4--,copp] ,sold] = ,plat+4--,f9e silv]1 #aj p5nyweights2 f9e copp]1 #aj p5nyweights4 ,,ix4--,common ,silv] ,sold]4--,f9e silv]1 #aj ounces2 p9 brass1 #f ounces1 #ab p5nyweights2 spelt]1 #ab p5nyweights4 ,x4--,silv] ,sold] = ,enamel+4--,f9e silv]1 #ad p5nyweights2 f9e copp]1 #h p5nyweights4 ,,xi4--,= ,fill+ ,signet ,r+s4--,f9e silv]1 #aj ounces2 f9e copp]1 #a ounce1 #af p5nyweights2 f9e p9 brass1 #f ounces1 #ab p5nyweights2 spelt]1 #ab p5nyweights4 #dce ,,xii4--,silv] ,sold] = ,gold ,plat+4--,f9e silv]1 #a ounce2 f9e copp]1 #e p5nyweights2 p9 brass1 #e p5nyweights4 ,,xiii4--,m]cury ,sold]4--,f9e silv]1 #a ounce2 p9 brass1 #aj p5nyweights2 b> t91 #b p5nyweights4 ,,xiv4--,imitation ,silv]4--,f9e silv]1 #a ounce2 nickel1 #a ounce1 #aa gra9s2 f9e copp]1 #b ounces1 #i gra9s4 ,,xv4--,f9e silv]1 #c ounces2 nickel1 #a ounce1 #aa p5nyweights2 f9e copp]1 #b ounces1 #i gra9s2 spelt]1 #aj p5nyweights4 ,,xvi4--,f9e ,silv] ,sold] = ,filigree ,"w4--,f9e silv]1 #d p5nyweights1 #f gra9s2 p9 brass1 #a p5nyweight4 ,bismu? ,sold]4--,bismu?1 #c ounces2 lead1 #c ounces1 #ah p5nyweights2 t91 #e ounces1 #f p5nyweights4 ,,brass3 ,i4--,yell[ ,brass = ,turn+4--7,common article47--,copp]1 #bj p\nds2 z9c1 #aj p\nds2 lead1 #d ounces4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #cb p\nds2 z9c1 #aj p\nds2 lead1 #a p\nd4 ,,iii4--,r$ ,brass ,free1 = ,turn+4--,copp]1 #ajj p\nds2 z9c1 #ej p\nds2 lead1 #aj p\nds2 antimony1 #dd ounces4 ,,iv4--,be/ ,r$ ,brass = ,f9e ,ca/+s4--,copp]1 #bd p\nds2 z9c1 #e p\nds2 bismu?1 #a ounce4 ,v4--,r$ ,tombac4--,copp]1 #aj p\nds2 z9c1 #a p\nd4 ,,vi4--,tombac4--,copp]1 #af p\nds2 t91 #a p\nd2 z9c1 #a p\nd4 ,,vii4--,brass = ,heavy ,ca/+s4--,copp]1 #f to #g p>ts2 t91 #a "p2 z9c1 #a "p4 ,,viii4--,malleable ,brass4--,copp]1 #gj4aj p>ts2 z9c1 #bi4ij p>ts4 ,,ix4--,sup]ior ,malleable ,brass4--,copp]1 #fj p>ts2 z9c1 #dj p>ts4 ,x4--,brass4--,copp]1 #gc p>ts2 z9c1 #bg p>ts4 ,,xi4--,copp]1 #fe p>ts2 z9c1 #ce p>ts4 ,,xii4--,copp]1 #gj p>ts2 z9c1 #cj p>ts4 ,,xiii4--,g]man ,brass4--,copp]1 #a p\nd2 z9c1 #a p\nd4 ,,xiv4--,wat*mak]s' ,brass4--,copp]1 #a "p2 z9c1 #b p>ts4 ,,xv4--,brass = ,wire4--,copp]1 #cd p>ts2 calam9e1 #ef p>ts4 ,,xvi4--,brass = ,tubes4--,copp]1 #b p>ts2 z9c1 #a "p4 ,,xvii4--,brass = ,heavy ,"w4--,copp]1 #ajj p>ts2 t91 #ae p>ts2 z9c1 #ae p>ts4 ,,xviii4--,copp]1 #aab p>ts2 t91 #ac p>ts2 z9c1 #a "p4 ,,xix4--,tombac or ,r$ ,brass4--,copp]1 #h p>ts2 z9c1 #a "p4 ,,xx4--,brass4--,copp]1 #c p>ts2 melt1 !n add z9c1 #a "p4 ,,xxi4--,buttonmak]s' ,f9e ,brass4--,brass1 #h p>ts2 z9c1 #e p>ts4 ,,xxii4--,buttonmak]s' ,common ,brass4--,button brass1 #f p>ts2 t91 #a "p2 lead1 #a "p4 ,mix4 ,,xxiii4--,mallet's ,brass4--,copp]1 #be4d p>ts2 z9c1 #gd4f p>ts4 ,us$ to pres]ve iron f oxidiz+4 ,,xxiv4--,be/ ,brass = ,clocks4--,rose copp]1 #he p>ts2 z9c1 #ad p>ts2 lead1 #a "p4 ,,gold ,,alloys3 ,see also ,gold ,alloys1 "u ,alloys4 ,gold ( #bb c>ats f9e be+ s little us$ is int5tionally omitt$4 ,i4--,gold ( #ah ,c>ats1 ,yell[ ,t9t4--,gold1 #ae p5nyweights2 silv]1 #b p5nyweights1 #ah gra9s2 copp]1 #b p5nyweights1 #f gra9s4 ,,ii4--,gold ( #ah ,c>ats1 ,r$ ,t9t4--,gold1 #ae p5nyweights2 silv]1 #a p5nyweight1 #ah gra9s2 copp]1 #c p5nyweights1 #f gra9s4 ,,iii4--,spr+ ,gold ( #af ,c>ats4--,gold1 #a ounce1 #af p5nyweights2 silv]1 #f p5nyweights2 copp]1 #ab p5nyweights4 ,?is :5 drawn or roll$ v h>d makes spr+s little inf]ior to /eel4 ,,iv4--,jewel]s' ,f9e ,gold1 ,yell[ ,t9t1 #af ,c>ats ,ne>ly4--,gold1 #a ounce2 silv]1 #g p5nyweights2 copp]1 #e p5nyweights4 ,v4--,gold ( ,r$ ,t9t1 #af ,c>ats4--,gold1 #a ounce2 silv]1 #b p5nyweights2 copp]1 #h p5nyweights4 ,/]l+ ,gold ,alloys4--,i4--,f9e gold1 #ah p5nyweights1 #ab gra9s2 f9e silv]1 #a p5nyweight2 f9e copp]1 #ab gra9s4 ,,ii4--,dry ,color$ ,gold ,alloys1 #ag ,c>at4--,f9e gold1 #ae p5nyweights2 f9e silv]1 #a p5nyweight1 #aj gra9s2 f9e copp]1 #d p5nyweights1 #ag gra9s4 ,,iii4--#ah ,c>at4--,f9e gold1 #a ounce2 f9e silv]1 #d p5nyweights1 #aj gra9s2 f9e copp]1 #b p5nyweights1 #e gra9s4 ,,iv4--#ah ,c>at4--,f9e gold1 #ae p5nyweights2 f9e silv]1 #b p5nyweights1 #d gra9s2 f9e copp]1 #b p5nyweights1 #ai gra9s4 ,v4--#ah ,c>at4--,f9e gold1 #ah p5nyweights2 f9e silv]1 #b p5nyweights1 #ah #dcf gra9s2 f9e copp]1 #c p5nyweights1 #ah gra9s4 ,,vi4--#ai ,c>at4--,f9e gold1 #a ounce2 f9e silv]1 #b p5nyweights1 #f gra9s2 f9e copp]1 #c p5nyweights1 #ab gra9s4 ,,vii4--#bj ,c>at4--,f9e gold1 #a ounce2 f9e silv]1 #b p5nyweights2 f9e copp]1 #b p5nyweights1 #d gra9s4 ,,viii4--#bb ,c>at4--,f9e gold1 #ah p5nyweights2 f9e silv]1 #ab gra9s2 f9e copp]1 #a p5nyweight1 #c gra9s4 ,,ix4--,gold ,sold] = ! ,=ego+ ,alloys4--,take ( ! alloy$ gold y are us+1 #a p5nyweight2 f9e silv]1 #f gra9s4 ,x4--,alloy = ,dry ,color$ ,r+s4--,f9e gold1 #a ounce2 f9e silv]1 #d p5nyweights1 #f gra9s2 f9e copp]1 #d p5nyweights1 #f gra9s4 ,,xi4--,sold]4--,scrap gold1 #b ounces2 f9e silv]1 #c p5nyweights2 f9e copp]1 #c p5nyweights4 ,,xii4--,dry ,color$ ,scrap ,r$uc$ to #ces4 ,gold4--,color$ scrap1 #a ounce1 #i p5nyweights1 #ab gra9s2 f9e silv]1 #b p5nyweights2 f9e copp]1 #ag p5nyweights1 #ab gra9s2 spelt]1 #d p5nyweights4 ,to ,quickly ,remove a ,r+ f a ,swoll5 ,f+]4--,if ! r+ is ( gold1 pull ! folds ( ! swoll5 muscles ap>t1 s t x c be se51 !n drop on x a little absolute alcohol & place ! f+] 9 a b[l ( metallic m]cury4 ,9 a v few m9utes ! r+ w snap ap>t4 ,if ! r+ is ( brass1 scrape ! surface slightly1 or put on a few drops ( a solution ( oxalic acid1 or ev5 /rong v9eg>1 let rema9 9 contact = a mom5t or two1 !n put into ! m]cury1 & ! result w be z be=e4 ,sold]+ a ,jewel$ ,r+4--,9 ord] to prev5t ! bur/+ ( ! jewels ( a r+ :ile ! latt] is be+ sold]$1 cut a juicy potato into halves & make a holl[ 9 bo? portions 9 :i* ! "p ( ! r+ hav+ jewels may fit exactly4 ,wrap ! jewel$ portion 9 s(t pap]1 place x 9 ! holl[1 & b9d up ! clos$ potato ) b9d+ wire4 ,n[ sold] ) easy-fl[+ gold sold]1 ! potato be+ held 9 ! h&4 ,ano!r me?od is to fill a small crucible ) wet s&1 bury ! jewel$ portion 9 ! s&1 & sold] 9 ! usual way4 ,,jewelry1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,kalsom9e ,sodium c>bonate #h p>ts ,l9se$ oil #cb p>ts ,hot wat] #h p>ts ,:ite glue #ab p>ts ,:it+ #afj p>ts ,dissolve ! sodium c>bonate 9 ! hot wat]1 add ! oil & saponify by heat+ & agitation4 ,cov] ! glue1 brok5 into small pieces1 ) cold wat] & let soak ov]night4 ,9 ! morn+ p\r ! :ole on a /\t piece ( /uff & let ! residual wat] dra9 (f1 gett+ rid ( z mu* z possible by slightly twi/+ ! clo?4 ,?r[ ! swell$ glue into a capsule1 put on ! wat] ba?1 & heat g5tly until x is melt$4 ,add ! saponifi$ oil & mix well2 remove f ! ba?1 & /ir 9 ! :it+1 a little at a "t1 add+ hot wat] z x becomes necess>y4 ,:5 ! :it+ is all /irr$ 91 cont9ue add+ hot wat]1 until a liquid is obta9$ t fl[s freely f ! kalsom9+ bru%4 ,! addition ( a little soluble blue to ! mixture increases ! int5sity ( ! :ite4 ,siz+ ,walls = ,kalsom9e4--,a size to coat ov] 8hot walls0 = ! reception ( ! kalsom9e is made by us+ %ellac1 #a "p2 sal soda1 #a_/b "p4 ,put ^! +r$i5ts 9 #a_/b gallon ( wat] & dissolve by /eady heat4 ,ano!r size is made ( glue size prep>$ 9 ! usual way1 & alum4 ,to #a_/b p\nd ( :ite glue add #c_/d p\nd ( alum1 dissolv+ ! alum 9 hot wat] be=e add+ x to ! glue size4 ,,k>ats1 ,,to ,,f9d ,,numb] ,,(3 ,see ,jewel]s' ,=mulas4 ,,k]amics3 ,see ,c]amics4 ,,k]it3 ,see ,rubb]4 ,,k]oclean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,k]os5e ,,deodoriz]3 ,see also ,b5z9e1 ,oils1 & ,petroleum4 ,v>i\s processes h be5 recomm5d$ = mask+ ! odor ( k]os5e su* z ! addition ( v>i\s ess5tial #dcg oils1 artificial oil ( mirbane1 etc41 b none ( !m seems entirely satisfactory4 ,! addition ( amyl acetate 9 ! proportion ( #aj grams to ! lit] 7#a p] c5t7 has also be5 sugge/$1 sev]al exp]im5t]s report+ v successful results !refrom4 ,"s ye>s ago ,b]+] propos$ a process = remov+ sulphur comp\nds f b5z9e1 :i* w\ld presumably be equally applicable to k]os5e4 ,?is process is z foll[s3 ,potassium p]manganate #a ounce ,sulphuric acid #a_/b p9t ,wat] #c #a_/b p9ts ,mix ! acid & wat]1 & :5 ! mixture has become cold p\r x into a #b-;gallon bottle4 ,add ! p]manganate & agitate until x is dissolv$4 ,!n add b5z9e1 #a gallon1 & ?or\ghly agitate4 ,all[ ! liquids to rema9 9 contact = #bd h\rs1 frequ5tly agitat+ ! mixture4 ,sep>ate ! b5z9e & wa% 9 a simil> bottle ) a mixture ( ,potassium p]manganate #a_/d ounce ,cau/ic soda #a_/b ounce ,wat] #b p9ts ,agitate ! mixture frequ5tly dur+ sev]al h\rs2 !n sep>ate ! b5z9e & wa% x ?or\ghly ) wat]4 ,on agitat+ ! b5z9e ) ! acid p]manganate solution an emulsion-l mixture is produc$1 :i* sep>ates 9 a few seconds1 ! p]manganate sl[ly subsid+ & %[+ consid]able r$uction4 ,9 ! above process x is q probable t ! "t specifi$ 7#bd h\rs7 is greatly 9 excess ( :at is necess>y1 z ! r$uction takes place almo/ entirely 9 a v %ort "t4 ,x has also be5 sugge/$ t if ! process 7 adopt$ on a manufactur+ scale1 ) me*anical agitation1 ! "t c\ld be r$uc$ to an h\r or two4 ,,k]os5e-,,clean+ ,,comp\nds3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods4 ,,k]os5e ,,emulsions3 ,see ,petroleum4 ,,ket*up 7,,adult]at$71 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,khaki ,,colors3 ,see ,dyes4 ,,kid3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,kiss+5 ,,salts3 ,see ,salts 7,eff]vesc5t74 ,,kiss+5 ,,wat]3 ,see ,wat]s4 ,,knife-,,%>p5+ ,,pa/es3 ,see ,razor ,pa/es4 ,,knock5plombe3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,knots3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,kola ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,k\miss ,,sub/itute3 ,see also ,bev]ages4 ,to prep>e a sub/itute = k\miss f c['s milk3 ,dissolve #a_/b ounce grape sug> 9 #c fluid ounces wat]4 ,mix #ah gra9s well wa%$ & press$ be] yea/ ) #b fluid ounces ( c['s milk4 ,mix ! two liquids 9 a *ampagne bottle1 fill ) milk1 /opp] securely1 & keep = #c to #d days at a temp]ature n exce$+ #ej ,f41 %ak+ frequ5tly4 ,! prep>ation does n keep long] ?an #d to #e days4 ,k,,mmel3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,kwass3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,label ,,pa/es1 ,,glues1 ,,& ,,mucilages3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,label ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,lace ,,lea!r3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,lace1 ,,to ,,clean ,,gold ,,& ,,silv]3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,laces1 ,,wa%+ ,,& ,,color+ ,,(3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,lacqu]s 7,see also ,enamels1 ,glazes1 ,pa9ts1 ,v>ni%es1 & ,wat]pro(+47 ,,lac ,,& ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,lacqu]+4 ,! art ( lacqu]+ includes v>i\s /eps1 :i* are divulg$ z little z possible4 ,)\t !m no?+ b a v>ni% ( good quality w\ld be realiz$4 ,?us 9 ,tonk91 :]e ! abundant #dch production is ! object ( an important trade ) ! ,*9ese1 x is s us$ only = v>ni%+1 :ile 9 ,*9a ! same product f ! same s\rces contributes to mo/ arti/ic applications4 ,:5 ! ,annamites propose to lacqu] an object1 a box1 = example1 !y fir/ /op up ! holes & crevices1 cov]+ all ! imp]fections ) a coat+ ( dilut$ lac1 by means ( a flat1 close1 %ort bru%4 ,!n !y cov] ! :ole ) a ?ick coat+ ( lac & :ite clay4 ,?is clay1 oily to ! t\*1 is f\nd at ! bottom ( c]ta9 lakes 9 ,tonk92 x is dri$1 pulv]iz$1 & sift$ ) a piece ( f9e silk be=e be+ embodi$ ) ! lac4 ,?is op]ation is design$ to conceal ! inequalities ( ! wood & produce a uni=m surface :i*1 :5 completely dry1 is r5d]$ smoo? ) pumice /one4 ,if ! object has portions cut or sunk ! clayey mixture is n appli$1 = x w\ld make ! details clammy1 b 9 its place a s+le1 uni=m lay] ( pure lac4 ,9 any case1 aft] ! pumic+1 a ?ird coat+1 n[ pure lac1 is pass$ ov] ! piece1 :i* at ?is "t has a m\se-gray color4 ,?is lay]1 kn[n "u ! "n ( s\ lot1 colors ! piece a brilliant black4 ,z ! lac possesses ! rem>kable prop]ty ( n dry+ 9 dry air1 ! object is left 9 a damp place4 ,:5 p]fectly dri$ ! piece is v>ni%$1 & ! desir$ color imp>t$ by a s+le op]ation4 ,if ! metallic applications are except$1 ! lac is color$ only black1 br[n1 or r$4 ,! foll[+ =mulas are 9 use3 ,black4--,"o "p ( turp5t9e is w>m$ = #bj m9utes beyond ! fus+ po9t2 !n p\r$ into #c p>ts ( lac2 at ! same "t pheu deu 7copp]as7 is add$4 ,! mixture is /irr$ = at lea/ a day1 sometimes m1 by means ( a l>ge paddle4 ,m>oon4--,?is is prep>$ by a process simil> to ! prec$+1 replac+ half ( ! copp]as by an equal quantity ( ,*9a v]milion4 ,r$4--,! lac1 previ\sly /irr$ = #f h\rs1 is mix$ ) hot oil ( trau1 & ! :ole is /irr$ = a day1 aft] :i* v]milion is add$4 ,! latt] %\ld be ( good quality1 s z to h x brilliant & un*angeable4 ,! op]ation ( lacqu]+ is !n end$1 b !re are p>ts to be gild$4 ,^! are aga9 cov]$ ) a mixture ( lac & oil ( trau4 ,:5 ?is lay] is dry ! metallic leaves are appli$1 :i* are !mselves protect$ by a coat+1 compos$ also ( lac & oil ( trau4 ,all ^! lac & oil ( trau mixtures are c>efully filt]$1 :i* ! natives effect by press+ ! liquid on a d\ble filt]+ surface =m$ ( wadd+ & ( a tissue on :i* x re/s4 ,x c only be appli$ aft] sev]al mon?s :5 ! metallic leaf is ( gold4 ,9 ! case ( silv] or t9 ! protect+ coat c be laid on 9 a few days4 ,x favorably modifies ! :ite t9ts ( ^! two metals by communicat+ a gold5 color4 ,! hue1 at fir/ r$di%1 gradually improves & acquires its full brilliancy 9 a few mon?s4 ,little in=mation is procurable conc]n+ ! processes employ$ by ! ,*9ese4 ,! wood to be lacqu]$ %\ld be absolutely dry4 ,x receives successive applications1 ( :i* ! numb] is n less ?an #cc = p]fect "w4 ,:5 ! lac coat+ atta9s ! ?ickness ( #a_/d ( an in* x is ready = ! engrav]s4 ,! ,*9ese1 l ! inhabitants ( ,tonk91 make use ( oil ( trau to mix ) ! lac1 or oil ( aleurites1 & ! greate/ c>e is ex]cis$ 9 ! dry+ ( ! diff]5t lay]s4 ,! op]ation is conduct$ 9 dim-light$ rooms specially fitt$ up = ! purpose2 ! moi/ure is ma9ta9$ to a suitable ext5t by sy/ematically wat]+ ! e>? :i* cov]s ! walls ( ?is 8cold /ove40 ,lacqu] = ,alum9um4--,dissolve #ajj p>ts ( gum lac 9 #cjj p>ts ( ammonia1 & heat ! solution = ab\t #a h\r mod]ately on ! wat] ba?4 ,aft] cool+1 ! mixture is ready = use4 ,! alum9um to be coat$ is clean$ 9 ! cu/om>y mann]4 ,aft] x has be5 pa9t$ ) ! v>ni%1 x is heat$ 9 ! ov5 to ab\t #egb ,f4 ,! coat+ & heat+ may be repeat$4 ,lacqu] = ,brass4-- ,annatto #a_/d ounce ,saffron #a_/d ounce ,turm]ic #a ounce ,se$ lac 9 co>se p[d] #c ounces ,alcohol #a p9t ,dige/ ! annatto1 saffron1 & turm]ic 9 ! alcohol = sev]al days1 !n /ra9 into a bottle conta9+ ! se$ lac2 cork & %ake until dissolv$4 ,lacqu] = ,bronze4--,i4--,! foll[+ process yields a protective v>ni% = bronze articles & o!r metallic objects 9 v>i\s %ad+s1 ! lacqu] produc$ excell+ 9 high lu/] & p]man5cy3 ,fill #dj p>ts ( be/ pale %ellac2 #ab p>ts ( pulv]iz$ ,flor5t9e #dci lake2 #cj p>ts gamboge2 & #f p>ts ( dragon's blood1 likewise p[d]$1 into a bottle & add #djj p>ts ( _s4 ,all[ ?is mixture to =m a solution pref]ably by heat+ ! flask on ! wat] ba?1 to ne>ly ! boil+ po9t ( ! wat]1 & %ak+ n[ & !n until all has dissolv$4 ,aft] ! cool+ p\r (f ! liquid f ! s$im5t1 if any is pres5t2 ?is liquid con/itutes a lacqu] ( d>k-r$ color4 ,9 a second bottle dissolve 9 ! same mann] #bd p>ts ( gamboge 9 #djj p>ts ( _s1 :i* af=ds a lacqu] ( gold5 yell[ color4 ,accord+ to ! desir$ %ade1 ! r$ lacqu] is n[ mix$ ) ! yell[ "o1 ?us produc+ any hue requir$ f ! deepe/ r$ to a gold5 tone4 ,if necess>y1 ?9 ) _s ( w9e4 ,! v>ni% is appli$1 z usual1 on ! some:at w>m$ article1 a c]ta9 temp]ature hav+ to be adh]$ to1 :i* c be asc]ta9$ by trials & is easily regulat$ by feel+4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ is equally suitable = boots & lea!r goods z = application on iron1 /one1 glass1 pap]1 clo?1 & o!r surfaces4 ,! inexp]i5c$ %\ld note be=e mak+ ?is liquid t x does n give a yell[i% bronze l gold pa9t1 b a d>ki% iridesc5t "o1 & z x is a pleas+ v>iation 9 aids to home decoration1 x w\ld d\btless sell well4 ,"s pretty effects are obta9$ by us+ a little phlox9e in/ead ( "p ( ! violet anil9e1 or phlox9e alone w produce a ri* r$di% bronze1 & a lu/r\s peacock gre5 is obta9$ ) brilliant anil9e gre5 cry/als4 ,quantities3 ,flexile me?ylat$ collodion1 #a gallon2 pure violet anil9e1 #a p\nd4 ,mix1 /& away = a few days to all[ ! anil9e to dissolve & /ir frequ5tly1 tak+ c>e to bung d[n securely1 z ! collodion is a volatile liquid1 !n /ra9 & bottle (f4 ,x is appli$ ) a bru%1 dries rapidly1 & does n rub (f or peal4 ,celluloid ,lacqu]4--,dissolve uncolor$ celluloid 9 a mixture ( /rong alcohol & e!r4 ,! celluloid fir/ swells up 9 ! solv5t1 & aft] vigor\s %ak+1 ! bottle is all[$ to /& quietly = ! undissolv$ portion to settle1 :5 ! cle>1 sup]natant fluid is p\r$ (f4 ,! latt] may be imm$iately us$2 x yields a colorless glossy lacqu]1 or may be color$1 z desir$1 ) anil9e colors4 ,color$ ,lacqu]4--,make a /rong solution ( any color+ matt] :i* is soluble 9 me?ylat$ _s1 su* z co*9eal1 saffron1 ! anil9e dyes1 etc4 ,filt] ?r\gh f9e cambric1 & to ?is filt]$ solution add br[n %ellac 9 flakes 9 ! proportion ( #d to #e ounces ( %ellac to ea* p9t ( me?ylat$ _s4 ,%ake once a day = ab\t #h days4 ,if too ?ick x may be ?9n$ by add+ m color$ _s or pla9 _s z requir$1 & any light] %ade c be obta9$ by mix+ ) pla9 lacqu] mix$ 9 ! above proportions4 ,lacqu] works be/ 9 a w>m1 dry place1 & ! process is improv$ by slightly w>m+ ! articles1 :i* mu/ be absolutely free f grease1 dirt1 or moi/ure4 ,! be/ results are obta9$ by apply+ _m coats ( ?91 light-color$ lacqu]1 ea* coat to be ?or\ghly dry be=e apply+ ! next4 ,apply ) a s(t camel's-hair bru%2 x is bett] to use too small a bru% ?an too l>ge4 ,:5 complete1 w>m ! articles = a few seconds be=e a cle> fire2 ! hott] ! bett]2 if too hot1 h[ev]1 ! colors w fade4 ,?is makes ! lacqu] adh]e firmly1 especially to metallic surfaces4 ,anil9e gre5 works v well4 ,lacqu] = ,copp]4--,a lacqu] :i* to a c]ta9 degree resi/s heat & acid liquids1 b n alkal9e ones1 is obta9$ by heat+ f9e1 ?ickly liquid amb] v>ni%1 :]eby x is r5d]$ suffici5tly liquid to be appli$ ) ! bru%4 ,! copp] article is coat$ ) ?is & left to /& until ! lacqu] has dri$ p]fectly4 ,next1 ! object is heat$ until ! lacqu] comm5ces to smoke & turns br[n4 ,if ! op]ation is repeat$ twice1 a coat+ is f9ally obta9$1 :i*1 z reg>ds resi/+ qualities to acid bodies1 excels ev5 enamel1 b :i* is /rongly attack$ ev5 by weakly alkal9e liquids4 ,ebony ,lacqu]4--,! ebony lacqu] recomm5d$ by ! well-kn[n ,engli% au?ority1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,/&age1 consi/s ( #a_/c ounce anil9e hydro*loride1 #a_/c ounce alcohol1 #a "p sulphate ( copp]1 #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,! anil9e dye is dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol & ! copp] sulphate 9 ! wat]4 ,! wood is fir/ coat$ ) ! copp] sulphate solution1 & aft] ?is coat+ has be5 giv5 pl5ty ( "t to dry ! anil9e salt t9cture is appli$4 ,%ortly ! copp] salt absorb$ by ! wood w react on ! anil9e hydro*loride1 develop+ a deep1 ri* black :i* acids or alkalies are p[]less to de/roy4 ,coat ) %ellac & give a ,fr5* poli%1 ?us br++ ! ebony f9i% up to a durable & unsurpass$ lu/]4 #ddj ,,gold ,,lacqu]s3 ,i4--,= ,brassw>e4--,a gold lacqu] to improve ! natural color ( brassw>e is prep>$ f #af p>ts gum lac1 #d p>ts dragon's blood1 & #a "p curcuma p[d] dissolv$ 9 #cbj p>ts spirits ( w9e 9 ! w>m? & filt]$ well4 ,! articles mu/ be ?or\ghly clean$ by burn+1 gr9d+1 or turn+ ei!r dull or burni%$1 & !n coat$ ) a ?9 lay] ( ! above mixture1 appli$ ) a s(t hair bru% or a pad ( wadd+4 ,if ! objects are color$ ! lacqu] mu/ be laid on by /ippl+4 ,%\ld ! color be too d>k1 x may be light5$ by r$uction ) a little _s until ! correct %ade is produc$4 ,! mo/ suitable temp]ature = ! metal dur+ ! "w is ab\t ! w>m? ( ! h&2 if too hot or too cold1 ! lacqu] may sme>1 & w !n h to be tak5 (f aga9 ) _s or hot pota% lye1 ! goods be+ dri$ 9 sawdu/ or reclean$ z at fir/1 be=e apply+ ! lacqu] aga94 ,r\nd articles may be fix$ 9 ! la! & ! lacqu] laid on ) a pad ( wadd+4 ,9 ord] to color brassw>e1 a solution ( #cj p>ts cau/ic soda2 #aj p>ts cupric c>bonate2 #bjj p>ts wat] 7or #bjj p>ts ammonia neutraliz$ by acetic acid72 #ajj p>ts v]digris1 & #fj p>ts sal ammoniac is employ$1 into :i* ! w>m$ articles are dipp$4 ,aft] hav+ dri$ !y are coat$ ) colorless %ellac v>ni%4 ,,ii4--,= ,t94--,transp>5t gold lacqu] = t9 7all colors7 may be made z foll[s3 ,take #a_/b p9t ( alcohol1 add #a ounce gum %ellac2 #a_/b ounce turm]ic2 #a #a_/d ounce r$ s&]s4 ,set ! vessel 9 a w>m place & %ake frequ5tly = half a day4 ,!n /ra9 (f ! liquor1 r9se ! bottle & return x1 cork+ tightly = use4 ,:5 ?is is us$1 x mu/ be appli$ to ! "w freely & fl[$ on full1 or if ! "w admits x1 x may be dipp$4 ,"o or m coats may be giv5 z ! color is requir$ light or d>k4 ,= rose color sub/itute #a_/d ounce ( f9ely gr\nd lake 9 place ( ! turm]ic4 ,= blue1 sub/itute ,prussian blue4 ,= purple1 add a little ( ! blue to ! turm]ic4 ,= ,bottle ,caps1 etc4-- ,i4--,gum gutta #aj p>ts ,%ellac #ajj p>ts ,turp5t9e #aj p>ts ,alcohol #dej p>ts ,,ii4--,gum gutta #dj p>ts ,dragon's blood #e p>ts ,alcoholic extract ( s&alwood #e p>ts ,s&>ac #ge p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #be p>ts ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #ijj p>ts ,mix & dissolve by ! aid ( a g5tle heat4 ,liquid ,bottle ,lac4--,into a half-gallon bottle put #h ounces ( %ellac1 & p\r ov] x #a #a_/b p9ts ( alcohol ( #id p] c5t1 & #b #a_/b ounces ( sulphuric e!r4 ,let /&1 ) occasional %ak+1 until ! %ellac is melt$1 & !n add #d ounces ( ?ick turp5t9e & #a_/b ounce ( boric acid4 ,%ake until dissolv$4 ,to color1 use ! anil9e colors soluble 9 alcohol--= r$1 eos9e2 blue1 ph5ol blue2 black1 negros92 gre51 anil9e gre52 violet1 me?yl violet1 etc4 ,if x is desir$ to h ! lac opaque1 add #h ounces ( pulv]iz$ /eatite1 b rememb] to keep ! lac con/antly /irr$ :ile us+1 z o!rwise ! /eatite falls to ! bottom4 ,li?ographic ,lacqu]4--,dissolve #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( r$ li?ol ,r or ,g 9 pa/e ( #ag p] c5t1 9 #aej p>ts1 by weight1 ( hot wat]4 ,boil = #b m9utes1 %ak+ ) #b4e p>ts1 by weight1 ( b>ium *loride4 ,dissolve 9 #be p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,add to ! mixture #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( alum9um hydrate ( ab\t #d p] c5t4 ,cool1 filt]1 & dry4 ,lacqu] = ,microscopes1 ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts1 etc4--,pulv]ize #afj p>ts1 by weight1 turm]ic root1 cov] x ) #a1gjj p>ts alcohol1 dige/ 9 a w>m place = #bd h\rs1 & !n filt]4 ,dissolve #hj p>ts dragon's blood1 #hj p>ts s&>ac1 #hj p>ts gum elemi1 #ej p>ts gum gutta1 & #gj p>ts se$ lac1 put 9 a retort ) #bej p>ts p[d]$ glass1 p\r ov] !m ! color$ alcohol fir/ made1 & ha/5 solution by w>m+ 9 ! s& or wat] ba?4 ,:5 completely dissolv$1 filt]4 ,to ,fix ,alcoholic ,lacqu]s on ,metallic ,surfaces4--,dissolve #j4e p>ts ( cry/alliz$ boracic acid 9 #ajj p>ts ( ! respective _s v>ni% :]eby ! latt] aft] be+ appli$ =ms s h>d a coat+ ^u a smoo? t9 surface t x _c be scrat*$ (f ev5 ) ! f+]-nails4 ,! a=em5tion$ p]c5tage ( boracic acid %\ld n be exce$$ 9 prep>+ ! solution2 o!rwise ! v>ni% w lose 9 int5sity ( color4 ,lacqu] = ,oil ,pa9t+s4--,dilute #ajj p>ts ( sulphate ( b>yta ) #fjj p>ts ( wat] conta9+ 9 solution #fj p>ts ( r$ li?ol ,r or ,g 9 pa/e ( #ag #dda p] c5t4 ,boil ! mixture = sev]al m9utes 9 a solution ( #aj p>ts ( b>ium *loride 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,aft] cool+1 filt] & dry4 ,lacqu]s = ,pap]s4--,i4--,) base ( b>yta3 ,dissolve #cj p>ts ( r$ li?ol ,r or ,g 9 pa/e ( #ag p] c5t1 9 #cjj p>ts ( hot wat]4 ,add an emulsion obta9$ by mix+ #aj p>ts ( sulphate ( alum9a 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat] & #e p>ts ( calc9$ soda dissolv$ 9 #ej p>ts ( wat]4 ,precipitate ) a solution ( #ag4e p>ts ( b>ium *loride 9 #abe p>ts ( wat]4 ,cool & filt]4 ,,ii4--,) base ( lime3 ,dissolve #cj p>ts r$ li?ol ,r or ,g 9 pa/e ( #ag p] c5t1 9 #cjj p>ts ( hot wat]4 ,boil = a few m9utes ) an emulsion prep>$ by mix+ #aj p>ts sulphate ( alum9a ) #ajj p>ts ( wat] & #b4e p>ts ( slak$ lime 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,filt] aft] cool+4 ,lacqu] = ,/oves & o!r ,articles to ,)/& ,heat4--,?is is n alt]$ by heat1 & does n give (f disagreeable odors on heat+3 ,?9 #a "p ( sodium wat] glass ) #b p>ts ( wat] 9 ord] to make ! vehicle4 ,?is is to be ?ick5$ ) ! foll[+ mat]ials 9 ord] to get ! desir$ color3 ,:ite1 b>ium sulphate or :ite lead2 yell[1 b>yta *romate1 o*]1 or uranium yell[2 gre51 *romium oxide or ultram>9e gre52 br[n1 cadmium oxide1 manganese oxide1 or si5na br[n2 r$1 ei!r iron or *rome r$4 ,! color+ mat]ials mu/ be free f lumps1 & well gr\nd 9 ) ! vehicle4 ,bronze p[d]s may also be us$ ei!r alone or mix$ ) o!r color+ /uffs1 b c>e mu/ be tak51 9 ei!r in/ance1 to secure a suffici5t quantity4 ,! colors %\ld be made up z want$1 & no m ?an c conv5i5tly be appli$ at ! "t %\ld be prep>$4 ,an excell5t way to use ! bronze p[d]s is to lay on ! color+ matt]1 & !n to du/ on ! p[d] be=e ! glass sets4 ,l9es or ornam5tation ( any sort may be put on by all[+ ! coat+ ( enamel to dry1 & !n draw+ ! l9es or any desir$ design ) a fre% solution ( ! wat] glass color$ to suit ! ta/e1 or du/$ ov] ) bronze4 ,,miscellane\s ,,recipes3 ,russian ,poli%+ ,lac4-- ,i4--,/icklac #ibe p>ts ,s&>ac #hge p>ts ,l>* turp5t9e #bgj p>ts ,alcohol1 #if p] c5t #c1ejj p>ts ,! /icklac is brok5 up & mix$ ) ! s&>ac1 put into a suitable conta9] ) a wide m\?1 ! _s p\r$ ov] x & set aside4 ,aft] /&+ = a week 9 a w>m place1 frequ5tly /irr+ 9 ! meantime 7be/ ) a glass rod7 & fully dissolv+1 /ir 9 ! turp5t9e4 ,let /& #b or #c days long]1 !n filt] ?r\gh glass wool4 ,! s&>ac dissolves completely 9 ! _s1 b ! /ick leaves a slight residue :i* may be add$ to ! next lot ( lac made up & ?us be treat$ to a fre% portion ( _s4 ,! l>* turp5t9e %\ld be ( ! be/ quality4 ,?is lac is us$ by woodc>v]s & turn]s & is v mu* priz$ by !m4 ,ma/ic ,lac4-- ,,ii4--,ma/ic1 select #aej p>ts ,s&>ac #djj p>ts ,camphor #ae p>ts ,alcohol1 #if p] c5t #a1jjj p>ts ,prep>e z direct$ 9 ! fir/ recipe4 ,lea!r ,poli% ,lac4-- ,,iii4--,%ellac #af p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #h p>ts ,s&>ac #d p>ts ,lampblack1 ,sw$i% #b p>ts ,turp5t9e oil #d p>ts ,alcohol1 #if p] c5t #ifj p>ts ,! alcohol & turp5t9e oil are mix$ & w>m$ "u con/ant /irr+ 9 ! s& or wat] ba?4 ,! %ellac & s&>ac are n[ /irr$ 91 ! /irr+ be+ ma9ta9$ until bo? are dissolv$4 ,f9ally add ! turp5t9e & dissolve4 ,/ir ! lampblack ) a little v9eg> & !n add & /ir 94 ,in/ead ( lampblack #abe to #aej p>ts ( nigros9 may be us$4 ,?is lac %\ld be well %ak5 be=e application4 ,,lacqu]$ ,,w>e1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,lakes3 ,see ,dyes4 ,,lampblack3 ,production ( ,lampblack4--,! la/ oil obta9$ 9 ! di/illation ( coal t>1 & fre$ f naph?al5e z f> z possible1 viz41 soot oil1 is burn$ 9 a special furnace = ! production ( v>i\s grades ( lampblack4 ,9 ?is furnace is an iron plate1 :i* mu/ always be kept gl[+2 ^u ?is plate ! soot oil trickles ?r\gh a small tube fix$ above x4 ,x is decompos$ & #ddb ! smoke 7soot7 rises into f\r *amb]s ?r\gh small ap]tures4 ,:5 ! quantity ( oil de/9$ = decomposition has be5 us$ up1 ! furnace is all[$ to /& undi/urb$ = a few days1 & only aft] ?is "t has elaps$ are ! *amb]s op5$ by w9d[s provid$ = t purpose4 ,9 ! f\r? *amb] is ! v f9e/ lampblack1 :i* ! li?ograph]s use1 & 9 ! ?ird ! f9e grade employ$ by manufactur]s ( pr9t]s' ink1 :ile ! fir/ & second conta9 ! co>s] soot1 :i*1 well sift$1 is sold z flame lampblack4 ,f grade ,no4 #a ! calc9$ lampblack = pap] mak]s is also produc$4 ,= prep>+ ?is black capsules ( iron plate ) clos+ lid are fill$1 ! /uff is /amp$ firmly into !m & ! cov] sme>$ up ) f9e loam4 ,! capsules are next plac$ 9 a well draw+ /ove & calc9$1 :]eby ! empyreumatic oils evaporate & ! rema9+ lampblack becomes odorless4 ,all[ ! capsules to cool = a few days be=e op5+ !m1 z ! soot dries v sl[ly1 & easily ignites aga9 z soon z air is admitt$ if ! capsules are op5$ be=e4 ,?is is semi-calc9$ lampblack4 ,= ! purpose ( prep>+ completely calc9$ lampblack1 ! semi-calc9$ article is aga9 jamm$ into fre% capsules1 clos+ !m up well & calc9+ ?or\ghly once m4 ,aft] #b days ! capsules are op5$ conta9+ ! all-calc9$ lampblack 9 compact pieces4 ,= ! manufacture ( coal soot ano!r furnace is employ$4 ,asphalt or pit* is burn$ 9 x ) exclusion ( air z f> z practicable4 ,x is ?r[n 9 ?r\gh ! doors1 & ! smoke escapes ?r\gh ! *imney to ! soot *amb]s1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 & #e1 assort+ itself !re4 ,:5 ! am\nt ( asphalt pit* de/9$ = combu/ion has burn$ up completely1 ! furnace is left alone = sev]al days )\t op5+ x4 ,aft] ?is "t has elaps$ ! outside doors are sl[ly op5$ & "s air is admitt$4 ,lat] on !y c be op5$ altoge!r aft] "o is satisfi$ t ! soot has cool$ completely4 ,*amb] #d conta9s ! f9e/ soot black1 de/9$ = ! manufacture ( lea!r clo? & oil clo?4 ,9 ! o!r *amb]s is f9e & ord9>y flame black1 :i* is sift$ & pack$ 9 suitable b>rels4 ,calc9$ lampblack may also be produc$ f x1 ! op]ation be+ ! same z = oil black4 ,,lamp ,,burn]s ,,& ,,_! ,,c>e3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,lamps3 ,color+ ,inc&esc5t ,lamps4--,inc&esc5t light globes are color$ by dipp+ ! bulbs into a ?9 solution ( collodion previ\sly color$ to suit ) anil9es soluble 9 collodion4 ,dip & rotate quickly1 bulb d[n1 till dry4 ,= (fice desks1 room lights1 & 9 *ur*es1 x appe>s (t5 desirable to modify ! gl>+ yell[i% rays ( ! inc&esc5t light4 ,a slight collodion film ( a delicate blui%1 gre5i%1 or p9k %ade w d t4 ,= adv]tis+ purposes ! bulbs are (t5 color$ 9 two or m colors4 ,x is also easy ) a little practice to pa9t words or pictures1 etc41 on ! bulbs ) color$ collodion ) a bru%4 ,ano!r use ( color$ collodion 9 ph>macy is to color ! %[ globes on _! inside1 ?us avoid+ freez+ & ! additional weight ( ! n[ us$ color$ liquids4 ,p\r a quantity ( color$ collodion into ! clean1 dry globe1 close ! m\? & quickly let ! collodion cov] all p>ts ( ! inside4 ,remove ! balance ( ! collodion at once1 & keep x to color electric bulbs = y\r trade4 ,,lanol9e ,,creams3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,lanol9e ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,lant]n ,,slides3 ,see ,photography4 ,,l>d3 ,detection ( ,cottonse$ ,oil 9 ,l>d4--,make a #b p] c5t solution ( silv] nitrate 9 di/ill$ wat]1 & acidify x by add+ #a p] c5t ( nitrate acid1 ,c4 ,p4 ,into a te/ tube put a sample ( ! suspect$ l>d & heat g5tly until x liquefies4 ,n[ add an equal quantity ( ! silv] nitrate solution1 agitate a little1 & br+ to a boil4 ,cont9ue ! boil+ vigor\sly = ab\t #h m9utes4 ,if ! l>d rema9 cle> & colorless1 x may be accept$ z pure4 ,! pres5ce ( cottonse$ oil or fat w make itself kn[n by a coloration1 v>y+ f yell[1 grayi% gre5 to br[n1 accord+ to ! am\nt pres5t4 ,,la! ,,lubricant3 ,see ,lubricants4 #ddc ,,laundry ,,inks3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,laundry ,prep>ations ,,blu+ ,,comp\nds3 ,laundry ,blue4--,! soluble blue ( comm]ce1 :5 prop]ly made1 dissolves freely 9 wat]1 & solutions s made are put up z liquid laundry blue4 ,! wat] employ$ 9 mak+ ! solution %\ld be free f m9]al sub/ances1 especially lime1 or precipitation may occur4 ,if ra9 wat] or di/ill$ wat] & a good article ( blue be us$1 a /aple prep>ation ought app>5tly to result2 b :e!r "t alone affects ! matt] ( solubility x is impossible to /ate4 ,z x is ess5tial t ! solution %\ld be a p]fect "o1 x is be/ to filt] x ?r\gh sev]al ?icknesses ( f9e cotton clo? be=e bottl+2 or if made 9 l>ge quantities ?is me?od may be modifi$ by all[+ x to /& "s days to settle1 :5 ! top portion c be siphon$ (f = use1 ! bottom only requir+ filtration4 ,?is soluble blue is said to be potassium f]ri-f]rocyanide1 & is prep>$ by gradually add+ to a boil+ solution ( potassium f]ricyanide 7r$ prussiate ( pota%7 an equival5t quantity ( hot solution ( f]r\s sulphate1 boil+ = #b h\rs & wa%+ ! precipitate on a filt] until ! wa%+s assume a d>k-blue color2 ! moi/ precipitate c !n at once be dissolv$ by ! fur!r addition ( a suffici5t quantity ( wat]4 ,ab\t #fd p>ts ( ! iron salt are necess>y to conv]t #ajj p>ts ( ! potassium salt into ! blue comp\nd4 ,leaf blu+ = laundry use may be prep>$ by coat+ ?ick siz$ pap] ) soluble blue =m$ into a pa/e ) a mixture ( dextr9 mucilage & glyc]9e4 ,dissolve a giv5 quantity ( dextr9e 9 wat] en\gh to make a solution ab\t z d5se z ord9>y syrup1 add ab\t z mu* glyc]9e z !re 0 dextr9e1 rub ! blue smoo? ) a suffici5t quantity ( ?is vehicle & coat ! %eets ) ! pa9t4 ,! am\nt ( blue to be us$ w dep5d ( c\rse on ! int5d$ co/ ( ! product1 & ! am\nt ( glyc]9e w require adju/m5t s z to give a mixture :i* w n 8sme>0 aft] ! wat] has dri$ out & yet rema9 readily soluble4 ,ultram>9e is n[ v g5]ally us$ z a laundry blue :]e ! insoluble or 8bag blue0 is desir$4 ,x is mix$ ) glucose1 or glucose & dextr9e1 & press$ into balls or cakes4 ,:5 glucose alone is us$1 ! product has a t5d5cy1 x is said1 to become s(t on keep+1 :i* t5d5cy may be c\nt]act$ by a prop] proportion ( dextr94 ,bic>bonate ( sodium is add$ z a 8fill]0 to *eap5 ! product1 ! quantity us$ & ! quality ( ! ultram>9e employ$ be+ bo? regulat$ by ! price at :i* ! product is to sell4 ,! coal-t> or anil9e blues are n (f]$ to ! g5]al public z laundry blues1 b laundry proprietors h !m frequ5tly br\ght "u _! notice1 *iefly 9 ! =m ( solutions1 usually #a to #a #a_/b p] c5t /rong4 ,^! dyes are /rong blu+ mat]ials1 &1 be+ 9 ! =m ( solution1 are n liable to speck ! clo!s4 ,naturally _! prop]ties dep5d ^u ! p>ticul> dye us$2 "s are fa/ to acids & alkalies1 o!rs are fa/ to "o b n to ano!r2 "s w n /& iron+1 :ile o!rs aga9 are n affect$ by ! op]ation2 g5]ally !y are n fa/ to light1 b ?is is only ( m9or importance4 ,! soluble1 or cotton1 blues are ^? mo/ favor$2 ^! are made 9 a great v>iety ( t9ts1 v>y+ f a r$di% blue to a pure blue 9 hue1 di/+ui%$ by su* br&s z #c,r1 #f;,b1 etc4 ,occasionally ! me?yl violets are us$1 especially ! blue t9ts4 ,blackley blue is v l>gely us$ = ?is purpose1 be+ r fa/] ?an ! soluble blues4 ,x may be m5tion$ t a #a p] c5t solution ( ?is dye is usually /rong en\gh4 ,unless c>e is tak5 9 dissolv+ ^! dyes !y are apt to produce specks4 ,! heat to :i* ! pure blues are expos$ 9 iron+ ! clo!s causes "s k9ds to assume a purple t+e4 ,! *eape/ anil9e blue co/s ab\t ?ree times z mu* z soluble blue1 yet ! t9ctorial p[] ( ! anil9e colors is s great t possibly !y might be *eap5$4 ,soluble ,blue4--,i4--,dissolve #bag p>ts ( prussiate ( pota% 9 #hjj p>ts ( hot wat] & br+ ! :ole to #a1jjj p>ts4 ,likewise dissolve #ajj p>ts ( f]ric *loride 9 wat] & br+ ! solution also to #a1jjj p>ts4 ,to ea* ( ^! solutions add #b1jjj p>ts ( cook+ salt or ,glaub]'s salt solution saturat$ 9 ! cold & mix well4 ,! solutions ?us prep>$ ( prussiate ( pota% & f]ric *loride are n[ mix$ toge!r ) /irr+4 ,all[ to settle & remove by suction ! cle> liquid conta9+ undecompos$ f]rocyanide ( #ddd potassium & ,glaub]'s salt2 ?is is kept & us$ = ! next manufacture by boil+ x d[n & all[+ ! salts to cry/allize out4 ,! p]c5tage ( f]rocyanide ( potassium is e/imat$ by analysis1 & = ! next production proportionally less is us$1 employ+ t obta9$ by conc5tration4 ,aft] siphon+ (f ! solution ! precipitate is wa%$ ) w>m wat]1 plac$ on a filt] & wa%$ out on ! latt] by p\r+ on cold wat] until ! wat] runn+ (f comm5ces to assume a /rong blue color4 ,! precipitate is !n squeez$ out & dri$ at a mod]ate heat 7#ajd ,f474 ,! ,p>is blue ?us obta9$ dissolves readily 9 wat] & c be ext5sively employ$ 9 a simil> mann] z indigo c>m9e4 ,,ii4--,make ord9>y ,prussian blue 7t :i* has be5 purifi$ by acids1 *lor9e1 or ! hypo*lorites7 into a ?ick pa/e ) di/ill$ or ra9 wat]1 & add a saturat$ solution ( oxalic acid suffici5t to dissolve4 ,if "t be ( no consequ5ce1 by leav+ ?is solution expos$ to ! atmosph]e1 9 ! c\rse ( #fj days ! blue w be entirely precipitat$ 9 soluble =m4 ,wa% ) weak alcohol & dry at ab\t #ajj ,f4 ,! resultant mass dissolves 9 pure wat] & rema9s 9 solution indef9itely4 ,x gives a deep1 brilliant blue1 & is n injuri\s to ! clo?+ or ! h&s ( ! wa%woman4 ,! same result may be obta9$ by precipitat+ ! soluble blue f its oxide solution by ! addition ( alcohol ( #ie p] c5t1 or ) a conc5trat$ solution ( sodium sulphate4 ,p\r (f ! "m liquid & wa% ) v dilute alcohol2 or ?r[ on a filt] & wa% ) wat] until ! latt] beg9s to come (f color$ a deep blue4 ,liquid ,laundry ,blue4--,?is may be prep>$ ei!r ) liquid ,prussian blue or indigo c>m9e4 ,make a solution ( gum dragon 7gum tragacan?7 by dissolv+ #a to #b ounces ( ! p[d]$ gum 9 #a gallon ( cold wat] 9 :i* #a_/b ounce oxalic acid has be5 dissolv$4 ,! gum w take sev]al days to dissolve1 & w require frequ5t /irr+ & /ra9+ be=e use4 ,to ! /ra9$ portion add z mu* ,prussian blue 9 f9e p[d] z ! liquid w dissolve )\t precipitat+1 & ! comp\nd is ready = use4 ,in/ead ( p[d]$ ,prussian blue1 soluble ,prussian blue may be us$4 ,?is is made by dissolv+ solid ,prussian blue 9 a solution ( oxalic acid1 b z ! use ( oxalic acid is to be deprecat$ = ! use ( laundresses1 z x w\ld set up blood poison+ %\ld x get into any cuts 9 ! fle%1 x is be/ to prep>e liquid blue by mak+ a solution ( yell[ prussiate ( pota% 7f]rocyanide ( potassium7 ) wat]1 & !n by add+ a suffici5t quantity ( *loride ( iron to produce a blue1 b n en\gh to be precipitat$4 ,ball ,blue4--,! ball sold = laundry use consi/s usually1 if n always1 ( ultram>9e4 ,! balls are =m$ by compression1 />* or "s o!r excipi5t ( l "* be+ add$ to r5d] ! mass cohesive4 ,blocks ( blue c1 ( c\rse1 be made by ! same process4 ,! manufactur]s ( ultram>9e prep>e balls & cubes ( ! pigm5t on a l>ge scale1 & x does n seem likely t !re w\ld be a suffici5t m>g9 ( pr(it to ju/ify ! mak+ ( !m 9 a small way f ! p[d]$ pigm5t4 ,c>eful exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 w\ld be necess>y to det]m9e ?is positively4 ,ultram>9e is ( _m qualities1 & x may be expect$ t ! balls w v>y also 9 ! am\nt ( 8fill+0 accord+ to ! price at :i* !y are to be sold4 ,bel[ is a 8fill$0 =mula3 ,ultram>9e #f ounces ,sodium c>bonate #d ounces ,glucose #a ounce ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,make a ?ick pa/e1 roll into %eets1 & cut into tablets4 ,! balls 9 bulk c be obta9$ only 9 l>ge packages ( ! manufactur]s1 say b>rels ( #bjj p\nds2 b put up 9 #a-p\nd boxes !y c be b\ght 9 cases z small z #bh p\nds4 ,laundry ,blue ,tablets4-- ,ultram>9e #f ounces ,sodium c>bonate #d ounces ,glucose #a ounce ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,make a ?ick pa/e1 roll into %eets1 & cut into tablets4 ,poli%es or ,glazes = ,laundry ,"w4--,i4--,to a mixture ( #bjj p>ts ea* ( ,japan wax & p>aff9e1 add #ajj p>ts ( /e>ic acid1 melt toge!r1 & ca/ 9 molds4 ,if ! heat$ smoo?+ iron be rubb$ ) ?is wax ! iron w n m]ely get ov] ! surface mu* m rapidly1 b w leave a h&some poli%4 ,laundry ,gloss ,dress+4-- ,,ii4--,dissolve :ite wax1 #e4j p>ts1 9 e!r1 #bj4e p>ts1 & add _s1 #ge4j p>ts4 ,%ake be=e use4 ,heat until melt$1 9 a pot1 #a1jjj p>ts #dde ( wax & #a1jjj p>ts ( /e>9e1 z well z a few drops ( an ess5tial oil4 ,to ! hot liquid add ) c>eful /irr+ #bej p>ts ( ammonia lye ( #aj p] c5t1 :]eby a ?ick1 s(t mass results imm$iately4 ,^u fur!r heat+ same turns ?9 aga91 :]eupon x is dilut$ ) #bj1jjj p>ts ( boil+ wat]1 mix$ ) #ajj p>ts ( />* & p\r$ into molds4 ,,/>*es4 ,mo/ laundry />*es n[ conta9 "s poli%+ mixture = giv+ a high lu/]4 ,i4--,dissolve 9 a vessel ( suffici5t capacity1 #db p>ts ( cry/alliz$ magnesium *loride 9 #cj p>ts ( wat]4 ,9 ano!r vessel /ir #ab p>ts ( />* 9 #bj p>ts ( wat] to a smoo? pa/e4 ,mix ! two & heat "u pressure until ! />* is fluidifi$4 ,,ii4--,p\r #bej p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]1 ov] #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( p[d]$ gum tragacan? until ! p[d] swells uni=mly2 !n add #gej p>ts1 by weight1 ( boil+ wat]1 dissolve #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( borax 9 x1 & /ir #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( /e>9e & #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( talcum into ! :ole4 ,( ?is fluid add #bej p>ts to #a1jjj p>ts ( boil$ />*1 or else ! iron+ oil is appli$ by means ( a sponge on ! />*$ wa%1 :i* is !n iron$4 ,by weight ,,iii4--,/>* #a1jdd p>ts ,borax #i p>ts ,common salt #a "p ,gum arabic #h p>ts ,/e>9e #bj p>ts ,,wa%+ ,,fluids1 ,,bricks ,,& ,,p[d]s3 ,wa%+ ,fluids4--,rub up #ge p>ts ( milk ( sulphur ) #abe p>ts ( glyc]9e 9 a mort>1 next add #ej p>ts ( camphorat$ _s & #a "p ( lav5d] oil1 & f9ally /ir 9 #bej p>ts ( rose wat] & #a1jjj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,! liquid mu/ be /irr$ con/antly :5 fill+ x into bottles1 s9ce ! sulphur settles rapidly & w\ld ?us be unev5ly di/ribut$4 ,gross]'s ,wa%+ ,brick4-- ,wat] #ed p>ts ,sodium hydrate #ch4ba p>ts ,sodium biborate #f4fa p>ts ,sodium silicate #a4gj p>ts ,ha5kel's ,blea*+ ,solution4-- ,wat] #cf4ae p>ts ,sodium hydrate #dj4bb p>ts ,sodium silicate #bc4ad p>ts ,luhn's ,wa%+ ,extract4-- ,wat] #cd4ej p>ts ,sodium hydrate #be4cc p>ts ,soap #ci4dj p>ts ,wa%+ ,p[d]s4-- ,i4--,sodium c>bonate1 p>tly effloresc$ #b p>ts ,soda a% #a "p ,,ii4--,sodium c>bonate1 p>tly effloresc$ #f p>ts ,soda a% #c p>ts ,yell[ soap #a "p ,,iii4--,sodium c>bonate1 p>tly effloresc$ #c p>ts ,soap b>k #a "p ,,iv4--,sodium c>bonate1 p>tly effloresc$ #a "p ,borax #a "p ,yell[ soap #a "p ,v4--,a good p[d] c be made f #ajj p>ts ( cry/al soda1 #be p>ts ( d>k-yell[ ros9-cur$ soap1 & #e p>ts ( s(t soap4 ,! two latt] are plac$ 9 a pan1 along ) "o-half ! soda 7! curd soap be+ cut into small lumps71 & sl[ly heat$1 ) cont9ual crut*+1 until !y are ?or\ghly melt$--)\t1 h[ev]1 beg9n+ to boil4 ,! fire is !n drawn & ! rema9+ soda crut*$ 9 until x1 too1 is melt$1 ?is be+ effect$ by ! residual heat ( ! mass & ! pan4 ,! mass w be fairly ?ick by ! "t ! soda is all absorb$4 ,aft] leav+ a little long]1 ) occasional /irr+1 ! cont5ts are spread out on sev]al ?9 %eets ( iron 9 a cool room1 to be !n turn$ ov] by ! %ovel at %ort int]vals1 9 ord] to fur!r cool & break d[n ! mixture4 ,! soap w !n be 9 a friable condition1 & c be rubb$ ?r\gh ! sieve1 ! be/ results be+ obta9$ by pass+ ?r\gh a co>se sieve fir/1 & "o ( f9] me% aft]w>ds4 ,) ^! +r$i5ts a f9e yell[-color$ p[d] w be obta9$4 ,:ite /ock soap may also be us$1 &1 if desir$1 color$ ) palm oil & ! same color+s z are us$ = toilet soaps4 ,! object ( add+ s(t soap is to increase ! solubility & s(tness ( ! p[d]1 b ! proportion us$ %\ld n exce$ "o-?ird ( ! h>d soap1 or ! p[d] w be sme>y & h&le moi/4 ,! quality ( ! =ego+ product is good1 ! p[d] be+ /able & n liable to ball1 ev5 aft] prolong$ /orage2 nei!r does x wet ! pap] 9 :i* x is pack$1 nor swell up1 & !re=e ! packets reta9 _! appe>ance4 #ddf ,9 mak+ ammonia-turp5t9e soap p[d] ! ammonia & oil ( turp5t9e are crut*$ into ! mass %ortly be=e remov+ x f ! pan1 & if ! p[d] is sc5t$--= :i* purpose oil ( mirbane is mo/ly us$--! p]fume is add$ at ! same /age4 ,to ,:it5 ,flannels4--,dissolve1 by ! aid ( heat1 #dj p>ts ( :ite ca/ile soap1 %av$ f9e1 9 #a1bjj p>ts ( s(t wat]1 & to ! solution1 :5 cold1 gradually add1 "u con/ant /irr+1 #a "p ( ! /ronge/ wat] ( ammonia4 ,soak ! goods 9 ?is solution = #b h\rs1 !n let !m be wa%$ z usual = f9e flannels4 ,a bett] process1 9 ! h&s ( exp]ts1 is to soak ! goods = an h\r or s 9 a dilute solution ( sodium hyposulphite1 remove1 add to ! solution suffici5t dilute hydro*loric acid to decompose ! hyposulphite4 ,replace ! goods1 cov] ! tub closely1 & let rema9 = #ae m9utes long]4 ,!n remove ! runn+ wat]1 if conv5i5t1 & if n1 wr+ out quickly1 & r9se 9 cle> wat]4 ,"o n an exp]t at su* "w mu/ be v c>eful 9 ! r9s+1 z c>e mu/ be tak5 to get out e trace ( *emical4 ,?is is be/ done by a second r9s+4 ,ink = ! ,laundry4--,! foll[+ is said to make a f9e1 jet-black laundry ink3 a4 ,copp] *loride1 cry/als #he p>ts ,sodium *lorate #ajf p>ts ,ammonium *loride #ec p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #fjj p>ts b4 ,glyc]9e #ajj p>ts ,mucilage gum arabic 7gum1 #a "p2 wat]1 #b p>ts7 #bjj p>ts ,anil9e hydro*lorate #bjj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #cjj p>ts ,make solutions a & b & pres]ve 9 sep>ate bottles4 ,:5 want$ = use1 mix #a "p ( solution a ) #d p>ts ( solution b4 ,laces1 ,curta9s1 etc4--,i4--,to give lace curta9s1 etc41 a cream color1 take #a "p ( *rysoid9 & mix ) #b p>ts ( dextr9 & dissolve 9 #bej p>ts ( wat]4 ,! articles to be wa%$ clean are plung$ 9 ?is solution4 ,ab\t an ounce ( *rysoid9 is suffici5t = #e curta9s4 ,,ii4--,wa%+ curta9s 9 c(fee w give !m an ecru color1 b ! simple/ way to color curta9s is ) 8,philadelphia yell[0 7,g4 or ,r4 ( ! ,b]l9 ,akti5gesells*aft's scale74 ,,laundry ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,lavatory ,,deodorant3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,laxatives ,,= ,,cattle ,,& ,,horses3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,lead3 ,see also ,metals4 ,simple ,te/ = ,r$ ,lead & ,orange ,lead4--,take a little ( ! sample 9 a te/ tube1 add pure1 /rong nitric acid & heat by a ,buns5 burn] until a :ite1 solid residue is obta9$4 ,!n add wat]1 :5 a cle>1 colorless solution w be obta9$4 ,a :ite residue w\ld indicate adult]ation ) b>ytes1 a r$ residue or a yell[ solution ) oxide ( iron4 ,! pres5ce ( iron may be asc]ta9$ by add+ a few drops ( a solution ( potassium f]rocyanide 7yell[ prussiate ( pota%7 to ! solution1 :5 a blue precipitate w be obta9$ if !re be ! lea/ trace ( iron pres5t4 ,,lead1 ,,to ,,take ,,boil+1 ,,9 ,,! ,,m\?3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,lead ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,lead ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,lead ,,plate1 ,,t9n$3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,leaks1 ,,9 ,,boil]s1 ,,/opp+3 ,see ,putties4 ,,leaks3 ,to ,/op ,leakage 9 ,iron ,hot-,wat] ,pipes4--,take "s f9e iron bor+s or fil+s & mix ) !m suffici5t v9eg> to =m a sort ( pa/e1 ?\gh ! mixture is n adhesive4 ,) ?is mixture fill up ! cracks :]e ! leakage is f\nd1 hav+ previ\sly dri$ ! pipe4 ,x mu/ be kept dry until ! pa/e has become q h>d4 ,if an iron pipe %\ld bur/1 or !re %\ld be a hole brok5 into x by accid5t1 a piece ( iron may be securely fa/5$ ov] x1 by b$d+ x on 9 pa/e made ( ! bor+s & v9eg> z above1 b ! pipe %\ld n be di/urb$ until x has become p]fectly dry4 ,to ,prev5t ,wood5 ,vessels f ,leak+4 7,see also ,casks47--,wood5 #ddg vessels1 su* z pails1 b>rels1 etc41 (t5 become s dry t ! jo9ts d n meet1 ?us caus+ leakage4 ,9 ord] to obviate ?is evil /ir toge!r #fj p>ts hog's l>d1 #dj p>ts salt1 & #cc p>ts wax1 & all[ ! mixture to dissolve sl[ly ov] a fire4 ,!n add #dj p>ts *>coal to ! liquid mass4 ,! leaks 9 ! vessels are dri$ (f well & fill$ up ) putty :ile /ill w>m4 ,:5 ! latt] has become dry1 ! b>rels1 etc41 w be p]fectly tight4 ,if any putty is left1 keep 9 a dry place & heat x to be us$ aga94 ,lea!r 7,see also ,%oes47 ,artificial ,lea!r4--,pure ,italian hemp is cut up f9e2 #a "p ( ?is & #a_/b "p ( co>se1 clean$ wool are c>d$ toge!r & =m$ into wadd+4 ,?is wadd+ is pack$ 9 l95 & felt$ by treatm5t ) hot acid vapors4 ,! result+ felt is wa%$ out1 dri$1 & impregnat$ ) a sub/ance ^: composition v>ies accord+ to ! lea!r to be produc$4 ,?us1 good sole lea!r1 = in/ance1 is produc$ accord+ to a ,dani% pat5t1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,mix toge!r #ej p>ts ( boil$ l9se$ oil2 #bj p>ts ( colophony2 #be p>ts ( ,fr5* turp5t9e2 #aj p>ts ( glyc]9e1 & #aj p>ts ( vegetable wax1 & heat ov] a wat] ba? ) "s ammonia wat]4 ,:5 ! mass has become homog5e\s1 add #be p>ts ( glue1 soak$ 9 wat]1 z well z a case9 solution1 :i* latt] is produc$ by dissolv+ #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( moi/1 fre%ly precipitat$ case9 9 a saturat$ solution ( #af p>ts ( borax & add+ #aj p>ts ( potassium bi*romate1 ! la/ two also by weight4 ,f9ally1 m9]al dye/uffs z well z antiseptic sub/ances may be add$ to ! mass4 ,! :ole mixture is n[ boil$ until x becomes /icky & ! felt is impregnat$ ) x by imm]sion4 ,! impregnat$ felt is dri$ = #bd h\rs at an ord9>y temp]ature2 next laid into a solution ( alum9um acetate & f9ally dri$ completely1 dy$1 & press$ betwe5 hot roll]s4 ,black ,dye = ,tann$ ,lea!r4--,?is recipe takes ! place ( ! ill-smell+ iron black+1 & is n injuri\s to ! lea!r4 ,gallnuts1 pulv]iz$1 #aej p>ts2 vitriol1 gre5 or black1 #aj p>ts2 rock c&y1 #fj p>ts2 alum1 #ae p>ts2 v9eg>1 #bej p>ts2 cook+ salt1 #bj p>ts4 ,dissolve ) #d1jjj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,boil ?is solution sl[ly & ! black+ is done4 ,:5 x has cool$ & settl$1 p\r ?r\gh l951 ?us obta9+ a pure1 good lea!r black+4 ,bronze ,lea!r4--,all sorts ( sk9s--%eepsk9s1 goatsk9s1 coltsk9s1 & light calfsk9s--are adapt$ = ! prep>ation ( bronze lea!r4 ,9 ?is prep>ation ! advantage lies n only 9 ! use ( ! faultless sk9s1 b sc>ifi$ sk9s & ^? ( inf]ior quality may also be employ$4 ,! dress+ ( ! previ\sly tann$ sk9 mu/ be c>ri$ out ) ! greate/ c>e1 to prev5t ! appe>ance ( spots & o!r faults4 ,aft] tann+1 ! pelts are well wa%$1 scrap$1 & dri$4 ,!n !y are blea*$4 ,= color+1 x is cu/om>y to employ me?yl violet :i* has previ\sly be5 dissolv$ 9 hot wat]1 tak+ #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( ! anil9e color to #h1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,if 9 ! lea!r-dress+ e/abli%m5t a l9e ( /eam pip+ be conv5i5t1 x is advisable to boil up all ! color+ dyes1 r ?an simply to dissolve !m2 = 9 ?is way complete solution is effect$4 ,:]e /eam is us$ no special appliance is requir$ = boil+ up ! dyes1 = ?is may take place )\t inconv5i5ce 9 ! sep>ate dye vats4 ,a l5g? ( /eam hose & a brass nozzle ) a valve is all t is ne$$4 ,x may be z well to add "h t ! violet color = dye+ may be made *eap] ?an z above describ$4 ,to #c1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( pretty /rong logwood decoction add #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( alum & #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( me?yl violet4 ,?is comp\nd is almo/ z /rong z ! pure violet solution1 & in/ead ( #h1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 we n[ h #cj1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( color4 ,! color is appli$ & well work$ 9 ) a /iff bru%1 & ! sk9s all[$ to /& = a %ort "t1 suffici5t to all[ ! dye to p5etrate ! pores1 :5 x is full$4 ,z = ! %ade ( ! bronze1 x may be made r$di%1 blui%1 or br[ni%1 accord+ to ta/e4 ,= a r$di% or br[ni% gr\nd ! sk9s are simply full$ 9 w>m wat]1 plani%$1 full$ aga91 & !n dy$4 ,accord+ to ! color desir$1 ! sk9s are treat$ ) cotton blue & me?yl violet ,r1 :]eupon ! application ( ! bronze foll[s4 ,! bronze is dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 & x is usual to take #bjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( bronze to #a1jjj ( alcohol4 ,by means ( ?is mixture ! peculi> compon5t p>ts ( ! bronze are dissolv$4 ,= a fundam5tal or ?or\gh #ddh solution a =tnight is requir$4 ,all bronze mixtures are to be well %ak5 or agitat$ be=e us+4 ,sk9s may be bronz$1 h[ev]1 )\t ! use ( ! bronze colors1 = x is well kn[n t all ! anil9e dyes pres5t a bronze appe>ance :5 highly conc5trat$1 & ?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) ! violet & r$ dyes4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! violet be appli$ 9 v /rong solutions1 ! effect w be mu* ! same z :5 ! regul> bronze color is employ$4 ,bronze color on a br[n gr\nd is ! mo/ beautiful ( all1 & is us$ to ! greate/ advantage :5 x is desirable to cov] up defects4 ,in/ead ( w>m cle> wat] 9 su* a case1 use a decoction ( logwood to :i* a small quantity ( alum has be5 add$1 & ?us1 dur+ ! full+1 imp>t to ! sk9s a prop] basic t9t1 :i* may1 by ! application ( a little violet or bronze color1 be conv]t$ into a mo/ brilliant bronze4 ,by no means is x to be =gott5 t too mu* color+ matt] w nev] produce ! desir$ results1 = "h1 z ) ! o!r colors1 too mu* w br+ out a gre5i% t9t1 nor w ! gloss turn out s beautiful & cle>4 ,next r9se ! sk9s well 9 clean wat]1 & air !m1 aft] :i* !y may be dri$ ) artificial heat4 ,ord9>y z well z damag$ sk9s :i* are n suitable = *evreaux 7kid7 & :i* x is desirable to provide ) a v high poli%1 9 ord] ! m readily to conceal ! defects 9 ! gra91 & o!r imp]fections1 are1 aft] ! dry+1 coat$ ) a mixture1 comp\nd$ accord+ to ! foll[+ simple =mula3 ,/ir well #a p9t ( ox blood & #a p9t ( unboil$ milk 9 #aj qu>ts ( wat]1 & ) a s(t sponge apply ?is to ! surface ( ! sk94 ,! blood has no damag+ effect ^u ! color4 ,sk9s ?us moi/5$ mu/ n be laid "o ^u ano!r1 b mu/ be plac$ sep>ately 9 a ?or\ghly well-w>m$ *amb] to dry4 ,:5 dry !y are gloss$1 & may !n be press$ into %agre5 or pebbl$4 ,! ?9 light goatsk9s are work$ into kid or *evreaux4 ,prop]ly speak+1 !y are only imitation *evreaux 7kid71 = al?\gh !y are truly goatsk9s1 "u ! t]m *evreaux "o und]/&s only su* sk9s z h be5 cur$ 9 alum & treat$ ) album5 & fl\r4 ,aft] dry+1 ^! sk9s are drawn ov] ! p]*+ /ick ) ! r\nd knife1 !n gloss$1 /ret*$1 gloss$ aga91 & f9ally vigor\sly bru%$ ^u ! fle% side ) a /iff bru%4 ,! bru%+ %\ld be done pref]ably by h&1 = ! bru%+ ma*9es commonly pull ! sk9s out ( all %ape4 ,bru%+ is int5d$ only to give ! fle% side m ( a flaky appe>ance4 ,dur+ ! second gloss+ c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! pressure is light1 = ! object is m]ely to br+ ! sk9 back into its prop] %ape1 lo/ 9 ! /ret*+2 ! gloss+ prop] %\ld h be5 accompli%$ dur+ ! fir/ op]ation4 ,crack$ ,lea!r4--,! badly crack$ & fissur$ c>riage surface greets ! pa9t] on e h&4 ,! foll[+ is ! recipe = fill+ up & fac+ ov] su* a surface3 ,f9e/ pumice /one1 #f p>ts2 lampblack 79 bulk71 #a "p2 common r\gh/uff fill]1 #c p>ts4 ,mix to /iff pa/e 9 good coa* japan1 #e p>ts2 h>d dry+ rubb+ v>ni%1 #a "p4 ,?9 to a bru%+ consi/5cy ) turp5t9e1 & apply #a coat p] day4 ,put on #b coats ( ?is fill] & !n #b coats ( ord9>y r\gh/uff4 ,rub ) lump pumice /one & wat]4 ,?is process does n equal burn+ (f 9 gett+ p]man5tly rid ( ! cracks1 b :5 ! price ( pa9t+ =bids burn+ (f1 x s]ves z an effective sub/itute4 ,^u a job t is well c>$ =1 & n subject$ to too exact+ s]vice1 ?is fill] w secrete ! cracks & fissures = f #c to #e mon?s4 ,,dress+s ,,= ,,lea!r3 ,= ,c>riage ,tops4--,i4--,"h is an inexp5sive & quickly prep>$ dress+ = c>riage tops or ! l3 ,take #b p>ts ( common glue2 soak & liquefy x ov] a fire4 ,?ree p>ts ( ca/ile soap are !n dissolv$ ov] a mod]ate heat4 ,( wat]1 #abj p>ts are add$ to dissolve ! soap & glue1 aft] :i* an intimate mixture ( ! +r$i5ts is effect$4 ,!n #d p>ts ( _s v>ni% are add$2 next1 #b p>ts ( :eat />*1 previ\sly mix$ 9 wat]1 are ?r[n 94 ,lampblack 9 a suffici5t quantity to give ! mixture a good color+ p[]1 )\t kill+ ! gloss1 is n[ add$4 ,?is prep>ation may be us$ z above prep>$1 or x may be plac$ ov] a g5tle fire & ! liquid +r$i5ts sl[ly evaporat$4 ,! evaporat$ mass is !n liquefi$ ) be] z %op ne$s dem&4 ,,ii4--,%abby d>k lea!r w look l new if rubb$ ov] ) ei!r l9se$ oil or ! well-beat5 :ite ( an egg mix$ ) a little black ink4 ,poli% ) s(t du/]s until q dry & glossy4 ,poli%es4--,i4--,dissolve /icklac1 #be #ddi p>ts2 %ellac1 #bj p>ts2 & gum b5zo91 #d p>ts1 all f9ely p[d]$1 9 a roll+ cask conta9+ #ajj p>ts ( #if p] c5t alcohol2 p]fume ) #a "p ( oil ( rosem>y4 ,^u lett+ /& = sev]al days1 filt] ! solution1 :]eupon a good glossy poli% = lea!r1 etc41 w be obta9$4 ,,ii4--,dissolve #b p\nds ( borax 9 #d gallons ( wat] & add #e p\nds ( %ellac to ! boil+ liquid 9 portions1 till all is dissolv$4 ,!n boil half an h\r1 & f9ally /ir 9 #e p\nds ( sug>1 #b #a_/b p\nds ( glyc]9e1 & #a #a_/b p\nds ( soluble nigros94 ,:5 cold add #d p\nds ( #ie p] c5t me?ylat$ _s4 ,,iii4--,ox blood1 fre%1 clean #a1jjj p>ts ,comm]cial glyc]9e #bjj p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #cjj p>ts ,p9e oil 7ros9 oil7 #e1jjj p>ts ,ox gall #bjj p>ts ,=mal9 #ae p>ts ,mix 9 ! ord] nam$1 /irr+ 9 ea* +r$i5t4 ,:5 mix$ /ra9 ?r\gh l954 ,kid ,lea!r ,dress+s4--,creams = greas+ f9e v>ieties ( lea!r1 su* z kid1 pat5t lea!r1 etc41 are produc$ z foll[s1 accord+ to tri$ recipes3 ,:ite ,cream4-- ,l>d #ge p>ts ,glyc]9e1 te*nical #be p>ts ,mirbane oil1 ad libitum4 ,black ,cream4-- ,l>d #ajj p>ts ,yell[ vasel9e #bj p>ts ,glyc]9e1 te*nical #aj p>ts ,ca/or oil1 te*nical #aj p>ts ,dye black ) lampblack & p]fume ) oil ( mirbane4 ,color$ ,cream4-- ,l>d #ajj p>ts ,ca/or oil #bj p>ts ,yell[ wax #be p>ts ,:ite vasel9e #cj p>ts ,dye ) any desir$ dye/uff1 e4 g41 r$ ) an*us9e1 gre5 ) *lorophyl4 ,9 summ] x is well to add "s wax to ! fir/ & second prescriptions4 ,^! are = ei!r ,morocco or kid3 ,i4--,%ellac #b p>ts ,b5zo9 #b p>ts ,yell[ wax #e p>ts ,soap l9im5t #g p>ts ,alcohol #fjj p>ts ,dige/ until solution is effect$1 !n all[ ! liquid to /& 9 a cool place = #ab h\rs & /ra94 ,apply ) a bit ( sponge or s(t rag2 spread ?9ly & ev5ly ov] ! surface1 )\t rubb+ mu*4 ,if dirty1 ! lea!r %\ld fir/ be wa%$ ) a little s(t soap & w>m wat]1 wip$ well1 & all[$ to dry ?or\ghly be=e ! dress+ is put on4 ,,ii4--,oil ( turp5t9e #h ounces ,suet #b p\nds ,s(t soap #h ounces ,wat] #af ounces ,lampblack #d ounces ,pat5t ,lea!r ,dress+s4-- ,i4--,wax #bb p>ts ,olive oil #fj p>ts ,oil turp5t9e1 be/ #bj p>ts ,lav5d] oil #aj p>ts ,) g5tle heat1 melt ! wax 9 ! oil1 & z soon z melt$ remove f ! fire4 ,add ! turp5t9e oil1 incorporate1 & :5 ne>ly cold1 add & incorporate ! lav5d] oil4 ,,ii4--,wax #bb p>ts ,olive oil #fj p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #cj p>ts ,) g5tle heat1 melt ! wax 9 ! olive oil1 & z soon z melt$ remove f ! fire4 ,:5 ne>ly cold /ir 9 ! turp5t9e4 ,r$ ,russia ,lea!r ,v>ni%4-- ,%ellac #a4bj p>ts ,damm> ros91 p[d]$ #j4ae p>ts ,turp5t9e1 ,v5ice #j4fj p>ts ,dissolve ) frequ5t %ak+ 9 #ab p>ts ( alcohol 7#ie p] c5t71 add #a4h p>ts ( p[d]$ r$ s&]s wood1 let /& = #c days & filt]4 ,! object ( ?is v>ni% is to re/ore ! orig9al color to worn ,russia lea!r boots1 previ\sly clean$ ) b5z9e4 ,russet ,lea!r ,dress+4--,! foll[+ =mulas are said to yield effici5t prep>ations t are at once det]sive & poli%+1 ?us r5d]+ ! use ( an extra clean+ liquid unnecess>y4 ,i4--,s(t soap #b p>ts ,l9se$ oil #c p>ts ,annatto solution 79 oil7 #h p>ts ,beeswax #c p>ts ,turp5t9e #h p>ts ,wat] #h p>ts ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat]1 & add ! annatto2 melt ! wax 9 ! oil & turp5t9e1 & gradually /ir 9 ! soap solution1 /irr+ until cold4 #dej ,,ii4--,palm oil #af p>ts ,common soap #dh p>ts ,oleic acid #cb p>ts ,glyc]9e #aj p>ts ,tannic acid #a "p ,melt ! soap & palm oil toge!r at a g5tle heat1 & add ! oleic acid2 dissolve ! tannic acid 9 ! glyc]9e1 add to ! hot soap & oil mixture1 & /ir until p]fectly cold4 ,%oe ,lea!r ,dress+4--,ov] a wat] ba? melt #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( oil ( turp5t9e2 #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( olive oil2 #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( tra9 oil2 #dj p>ts1 by weight1 ( c>nauba wax2 #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( asphaltum2 & #b p>ts1 by weight1 ( oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,,dye+ ,,lea!r4 ,9 dye+ lea!r1 anil9e or coal-t> colors are g5]ally us$4 ,^! dyes1 ow+ to _! extremely rapid action on organic sub/ances1 su* z lea!r1 d n readily adapt !mselves to ! /a9+ process1 because a full bru%ful ( dye liquor w\ld give a mu* deep] coloration ?an a half-exhau/$ bru% w\ld give4 ,consequ5tly1 to alt] & to color lea!r by ! /a9+ process results 9 a pat*y coloration ( ! sk94 ,9 ! dye+ op]ation a z9c %all[ tr\gh1 #d to #f in*es deep1 is us$1 into :i* ! dye liquor is put1 & to produce ! be/ results ! cont5ts ( ! tr\gh are kept at a uni=m temp]ature by means ( a heat+ app>atus b5ea? ! tr\gh1 su* z a gas jet or two1 :i* readily all[s ( a heat be+ regulat$4 ,! sk9s to be dy$ are spread out flat 9 ! dye tr\gh1 "o at a "t1 ea* sk9 rema9+ 9 ! dye liquor ! "t prescrib$ by ! recipe4 ,! be/ coloration ( ! sk9 is produc$ by us+ #c dye tr\ghs ( ! same dye liquor1 ea* ( diff]5t /r5g?1 ! sk9 be+ put 9 ! weake/ liquor fir/1 !n pass$ into ! second1 & f !re into ! ?ird dye liquor1 :]e x is all[$ to rema9 until its full dep? ( color is obta9$4 ,v great skill is requir$ 9 ! employm5t ( anil9e dyes1 z if ! heat be too great1 or ! sk9s rema9 too long 9 ! f9al ba?1 8bronz+0 ( ! color occurs4 ,! only rem$y = ?is 7& t n always effectual7 is to sponge ! sk9 ) pl5ty ( cold1 clean wat]1 directly x is tak5 out ( ! f9al dye ba?4 ,! dy$ sk9s are dri$ & f9i%$ z be=e4 ,lea!r ,br[n4-- ,extract ( fu/ic #e ounces ,extract ( hyp]nic #a ounce ,extract ( logwood #a_/b ounce ,wat] #b gallons ,boil all ^! +r$i5ts = #ae m9utes1 & !n dilute ) wat] to make #aj gallons ( dye liquor4 ,use ! dye liquor at a temp]ature ( #aaj ,f4 ,mordant4--,dissolve #c ounces ( :ite t>t> & #d ounces ( alum 9 #aj gallons ( wat]4 ,fa/ ,br[n4--,prep>e a dye liquor by dissolv+ #a #a_/b ounces fa/ br[n 9 #a gallon ( wat]1 & make a #aj-;gallon bulk ( ?is4 ,use at a temp]ature ( #aaj ,f41 & employ ! same mordant+ liquor z 9 la/ recipe4 ,bism>ck ,br[n4-- ,extract ( fu/ic #d ounces ,extract ( hyp]nic #a ounce ,extract ( logwood #a_/b ounce ,wat] #b gallons ,prep>ation4--,boil all toge!r = #ae m9utes4 ,me?od ( ,dye+4--,fir/ mordant ! sk9s ) a mordant+ fluid made by dissolv+ #c ounces t>t> & #a_/b ounce borax 9 #aj gallons ( wat]4 ,!n put ! sk9s into ! above f\ndation ba? at a temp]ature ( #ajj ,f4 ,take !m out1 & !n put 9 #a ounce ( ,bism>ck br[n1 dissolv$ 9 boil+ wat]4 ,put ! sk9s 9 aga9 until color$ deep en\gh1 !n lift out1 drip & dry4 ,,h>ness ,,prep>ations3 ,black+ = ,h>ness4--,i4--,9 a wat] ba? dissolve #ij p>ts ( yell[ wax 9 #ijj p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e2 aside f ?is mix well toge!r1 all ! +r$i5ts be+ f9ely p[d]$1 #aj p>ts ( ,prussian blue1 #e p>ts ( indigo1 #ej p>ts ( bone black1 & "w ?is into a portion ( ! above-m5tion$ waxy solution4 ,n[ ?r[ ?is into ! orig9al solution1 :i* /ill rema9s 9 ! wat] ba?1 & /ir x vigor\sly until ! mass becomes homog5e\s1 aft] :i* p\r x into any conv5i5t e>!nw>e receptacle4 ,,ii4--,be/ glue1 #d ounces2 good v9eg>1 #a #a_/b p9ts2 be/ gum arabic1 #b ounces2 good black ink1 #a_/b p9t2 be/ is+lass1 #b dra*ms4 ,dissolve ! gum 9 ! ink1 & melt ! is+lass 9 ano!r vessel 9 z mu* hot wat] z w cov] x4 ,hav+ fir/ /eep$ ! glue 9 ! v9eg> until s(t1 dissolve x completely by ! aid ( heat1 /irr+ to prev5t burn+4 ,! heat %\ld n exce$ #ahj ,f4 ,add ! gum & ink1 & all[ ! mixture to rise aga9 to ! same temp]ature4 ,la/ly mix ! solution 9 is+lass1 & remove f fire4 ,:5 #dea us$1 a small portion mu/ be heat$ until fluid1 & !n appli$ ) a sponge & all[$ to dry on4 ,dress+s = ,h>ness4-- ,i4--,ox blood1 fre% & well purifi$ #ajj p>ts ,glyc]9e1 te*nical #bj p>ts ,turp5t9e oil #cj p>ts ,p9e oil #ej p>ts ,ox gall #bj p>ts ,=mal9 #a #a_/b p>ts ,! raw mat]ials are /irr$ toge!r cold 9 ! ord] nam$4 ,p\r ! mixture ?r\gh ?9 l954 ,x imp>ts a wond]ful mild1 p]man5t gloss4 ,,ii4--,a ,fr5* h>ness dress+ ( good quality consi/s ( oil ( turp5t9e1 #ijj p>ts2 yell[ wax1 #ij p>ts2 ,b]l9 blue1 #aj p>ts2 indigo1 #e p>ts2 & bone black1 #ej p>ts4 ,dissolve ! yell[ wax 9 ! oil ( turp5t9e ) ! aid ( mod]ate heat 9 a wat] ba?1 mix ! rema9+ sub/ances1 :i* %\ld previ\sly be well pulv]iz$1 & "w !m ) a small portion ( ! wax solution4 ,f9ally1 add ! re/ ( ! wax solution1 & mix ! :ole well 9 ! wat] ba?4 ,:5 a homog5e\s liquid has result$1 p\r x into e>!n receptacles4 ,h>ness ,oils4-- ,i4--,neatsfoot oil #aj ounces ,oil ( turp5t9e #b ounces ,petrolatum #d ounces ,lampblack #a_/b ounce ,mix ! lampblack ) ! turp5t9e & ! neatsfoot oil1 melt ! petrolatum & mix by %ak+ toge!r4 ,,ii4--,black anil9e #ce gra9s ,muriatic acid #ej m9ims ,bone black #age gra9s ,lampblack #ah gra9s ,yell[ wax #b #a_/b av4 ounces ,oil ( turp5t9e #bb fluid\nces ,,iii4--,oil ( turp5t9e #h fluid\nces ,yell[ wax #b av4 ounces ,prussian blue #a_/b av4 ounce ,lampblack #a_/d av4 ounce ,melt ! wax1 add ! turp5t9e1 a portion fir/ to ! f9ely p[d]$ ,prussian blue & lampblack1 & ?9 ) neatsfoot oil4 ,h>ness ,pa/es4-- ,i4--,c]es9e1 natural yell[ #a4e p>ts ,yell[ beeswax #a4e p>ts ,japan wax #a4e p>ts ,melt on ! wat] ba?1 & :5 half cool$ /ir 9 #h p>ts ( turp5t9e oil4 ,h>ness ,grease4-- ,by weight ,,ii4--,c]es9e1 natural yell[ #b4e p>ts ,beeswax1 yell[ #j4h p>ts ,fr5* colophony1 pale #j4d p>ts ,,iii4--,fr5* oil turp5t9e #b4j p>ts ,intimately mix$ 9 ! cold ) ,am]ican lampblack #a4e p>ts ,put mixture ,i 9 a kettle & melt ov] a fire4 ,remove f ! fire & /ir 9 mixture ,,ii 9 small portions4 ,!n p\r ?r\gh a f9e sieve into a second vessel1 & cont9ue p\r+ f "o kettle into ! o!r until ! mass is r ?icki%4 ,next fill 9 cans4 ,%\ld ! mixture h become too cold dur+ ! fill+ ( ! cans1 ! vessel conta9+ ! grease ne$ only be plac$ 9 hot wat]1 :]eby ! cont5ts are r5d]$ liquid aga91 s t p\r+ out is practicable4 ,= p]fum+1 use c9namon oil z requir$4 ,?is h>ness grease is appli$ by means ( a rag & bru%$4 ,wat]pro( ,h>ness ,composition4-- ,see also ,wat]pro(+4 ,by weight ,ros9 _s #bg #a_/d p>ts ,d>k m9]al oil #ac #a_/b p>ts ,p>aff9e scales #af4chj p>ts ,lampblack #g4idj p>ts ,d>k ros9 #e4dej p>ts ,d>k syrup #e4dej p>ts ,naph?al5e black #b4ejj p>ts ,b]l9 blue #j4fhj p>ts ,mirbane oil #j4agj p>ts ,melt ! p>aff9e & ! ros91 add ! m9]al oil & ! ros9 _s1 /ir ! syrup & ! pigm5ts into ?is1 & la/ly add ! mirbane oil4 ,,pat5t ,,& ,,enamel$ ,,lea!r4 ,pat5t lea!r = boots & %oes is prep>$ f sealsk9s1 enamel$ lea!r = h>ness f heavy bullock's hides4 ,! process ( tann+ is :at is call$ 8union tannage0 7a mixture ( oak & hemlock b>ks74 ,^! tann$ sk9s are subject$ to ! process ( soak+1 unhair+1 lim+1 etc41 & are !n subject$ to ! tann+ process4 ,:5 ab\t "o-?ird tann$ a buff+ is tak5 (f 7if ! hides are heavy71 & ! hide is split into ?ree lay]s4 ,! top or gra9 side is res]v$ = enamel+ 9 fancy colors = use on tops ( c>riages2 ! middle lay] is f9i%$ = splatt] #deb bo>ds & c>riage trimm+s1 & "s p>ts ( h>ness2 ! und]nea? lay]1 or fle% side is us$ = %oe upp]s & o!r purposes4 ,! tann+ ( ! splits is complet$ by subject+ !m to a gambi] liquor in/ead ( a b>k liquor4 ,:5 ! splits are fully tann$ !y are laid on a table & scor$1 & !n /ret*$ 9 frames & dri$1 aft] :i* ea* "o is cov]$ on "o side ) ! foll[+ comp\nd1 s z to close ! pores ( ! lea!r t x may pres5t a suitable surface = receiv+ ! v>ni%3 ,into #ad p>ts ( raw l9se$ oil put #a "p dry :ite lead & #a "p silv] li?>ge1 & boil1 /irr+ con/antly until ! comp\nd is ?ick en\gh to dry 9 #ae or #bj m9utes 7:5 spread on a %eet ( iron or *9a7 into a t\gh1 ela/ic mass1 l ca\t*\c4 ,?is comp\nd is laid on "o side ( ! lea!r :ile x is /ill /ret*$ 9 ! frame4 ,if = enamel$ lea!r 7i4 e41 n ! be/ pat5t71 *alk or yell[ o*] may be mix$ 9 ! above comp\nd :ile boil+1 or aft]w>ds1 b be=e spread+ x on ! lea!r4 ,! frames are !n put into a rack 9 a dry+ closet1 & ! coat$ lea!r dri$ by /eam heat at #hj to #afj ,f41 ! heat be+ rais$ gradually4 ,aft] removal f ! dry+ closet1 ! gr\nd+ coat previ\sly laid on is pumic$1 to smoo? out ! surface1 & !n giv5 #b or #c coats ( ! enamel+ v>ni%1 :i* consi/s ( ,prussian blue & lampblack boil$ ) l9se$ oil & dilut$ ) turp5t9e1 s z to enable x to fl[ ev5ly ov] ! surface ( ! coat$ lea!r4 ,:5 spread on ) a bru%1 ea* coat+ ( ! enamel is dri$ be=e apply+ ! next1 & pumic$ or rubb$ ) tripoli p[d] on a piece ( flannel 7! coat la/ laid on is n subject$ to ?is rubb+71 :5 ! lea!r is ready = m>ket4 ,to prep>e ! enamel+ composition1 boil #a "p asphaltum ) #bj p>ts raw l9se$ oil until ?or\ghly comb9$2 !n add #aj p>ts ?ick copal v>ni%1 & :5 ?is mixture is homog5e\s dilute ) #bj p>ts _s ( turp5t9e4 ,in/ead ( ! =ego+ enamel+ v>ni% ! foll[+ is us$ = sup]ior articles3 ,prussian blue #ah ounces ,vegetable black #d ounces ,raw l9se$ oil #afj fluid\nces ,boil toge!r z previ\sly direct$1 & dilute ) turp5t9e z occasion requires4 ,^! enamel+ v>ni%es %\ld be made & kept sev]al weeks 9 ! same room z ! v>ni%+ is c>ri$ on1 s t !y are always subject$ to ! same temp]ature4 ,,/a9s ,,= ,,pat5t ,,lea!r3 ,black ,/a94-- ,v9eg> #a gallon ,ivory black #ad ounces ,gr\nd iron scales #f p\nds ,mix well & all[ to /& a few days4 ,r$ ,/a94--,wat]1 #a qu>t2 _s ( h>t%orn1 #a qu>t2 co*9eal1 #a_/d p\nd4 ,heat ! wat] to ne> ! boil+ po9t1 & !n dissolve 9 x ! co*9eal1 aft]w>ds add+ ! _s ( h>t%orn4 ,/ir well to incorporate4 ,liquid ,co*9eal ,/a94-- ,good ,fr5* c>m9e #b #a_/b dra*ms ,solution ( pota% #a_/b ounce ,rectifi$ _s ( w9e #b ounces ,pure glyc]9e #d ounces ,di/ill$ wat] to make #a p9t4 ,to ! c>m9e 9 a #bj-ounce bottle add #ad ounces ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,!n gradually introduce solution ( pota%1 %ak+ n[ & aga9 until dissolv$4 ,add glyc]9e & _s ( w9e1 mak+ up to #bj ounces ) di/ill$ wat]1 & filt]4 ,blue ,black4--,ale dropp+s1 #b gallons2 bruis$ galls1 #a_/b p\nd2 logwood extract1 #a_/d p\nd2 indigo extract1 #b ounces2 sulphate ( iron1 #c #a_/b ounces4 ,heat toge!r & /ra94 ,f9i%]s' ,ink4--,s(t wat]1 #a gallon2 logwood extract1 #a #a_/d ounces2 gre5 vitriol1 #b #a_/b ounces2 potassium bi*romate1 #a_/b ounce2 gum arabic1 #a_/b ounce4 ,gr9d ! gum & potassium bi*romate to p[d] & !n add all ! color+ +r$i5ts to ! wat] & boil4 ,to ,re/ore ,pat5t ,lea!r ,da%4--,take raw l9se$ oil1 #a "p2 cid] v9eg>1 #d ounces2 alcohol1 #b ounces2 butt] ( antimony1 #a ounce2 aqua ammonia1 #a_/b ounce2 spirits ( camphor1 #a_/b ounce2 lav5d]1 #a_/b ounce4 ,%ake well toge!r2 apply ) a s(t bru%4 ,,pres]vatives ,,= ,,lea!r4 ,i4--,mutton suet #ej p>ts ,sweet oil #ej p>ts ,turp5t9e #a "p ,melt toge!r4 ,! application %\ld be made on ! dry lea!r w>m$ to ! po9t :]e x w liquefy & absorb ! fat4 ,,ii4--,equal p>ts ( mutton fat & l9se$ oil1 mix$ ) "o-t5? _! #dec weight ( ,v5ice turp5t9e1 & melt$ toge!r 9 an e>!n pipk91 w produce a 8dubb90 :i* is v efficaci\s 9 pres]v+ lea!r :5 expos$ to wet or sn[1 etc4 ,! mixture %\ld be appli$ :5 ! lea!r is q dry & w>m4 ,,iii4--,a solution ( #a ounce ( solid p>aff9e 9 #a p9t light naph?a1 to :i* #f drops ( sweet oil h be5 add$1 is put cold on ! soles1 until !y w absorb no m4 ,"o dress+ w d = ! upp]s4 ,?is process is claim$ to va/ly increase ! t5sile /r5g?4 ,pat5t ,lea!r ,pres]v]4-- ,c>nauba wax #a4j "p ,turp5t9e oil #i4e p>ts ,anil9e black1 soluble 9 fat #j4jf p>ts ,melt ! wax1 /ir 9 ! turp5t9e oil & ! dye & sc5t ) a little mirbane oil or lav5d] oil4 ,! pa/e is rubb$ out on ! pat5t lea!r by means ( a s(t rag1 & :5 dry %\ld be poli%$ ) a s(t bru%4 ,,reviv]s ,,& ,,reg5]ators4 ,by weight4 ,i4--,me?ylic alcohol #bb #a_/b p>ts ,gr\nd ruby %ellac #b4bej p>ts ,d>k ros9 #j4iaj p>ts ,gum ros9 #j4aae p>ts ,s&>ac #j4aae p>ts ,lampblack #j4aae p>ts ,anil9e black1 _s-soluble #j4aae p>ts ,! gums are dissolv$ 9 _s & next ! anil9e black soluble 9 _s is add$2 ! lampblack is gr\nd ) a little liquid to a pa/e1 :i* is add$ to ! :ole1 & filt]+ foll[s4 ,kid ,reviv]4-- ,by weight4 ,,ii4--,cle> *loride ( lime solution #c4e p>ts ,_s ( sal ammoniac #j4e p>ts ,scrap$ ,m>seilles soap #d4e p>ts ,wat] #f4j p>ts ,mix *loride ( lime solution & _s ( sal ammoniac & /ir 9 ! soap dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,revive ! gloves ) ! pulpy mass obta9$1 by means ( a flannel rag4 ,,tann+ ,,lea!r4 ,pickl+ ,process4--,eitn] & ,/iazny h made a sy/ematic s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) mixtures ( salt & v>i\s acids = pickl+ sk9s prep>atory to tann+4 ,exp]im5ts ) hydro*loric acid1 acetic & lactic acids %[$ t ^! (f]$ no advantages ov] sulphuric acid = use 9 pickl+1 ! pickl$ pelts & ! lea!r produc$ f !m be+ simil> 9 appe>ance & quality4 ,by v>y+ ! conc5tration ( ! pickle liquors1 x 0 f\nd t ! am\nt ( salt absorb$ by ! pelt f ! pickle liquor 0 controll$ by ! conc5tration ( ! solution1 #bc to #be p] c5t ( ! total am\nt us$ be+ tak5 up by ! pelt1 & t ! absorption capacity ( ! pelt = acid 0 limit$4 ,! goods pickl$ ) ! l>ge/ am\nt ( acid possess$ a m lea!ry feel & aft] dry+ 7 full] & /ret*$ mu* bett] ?an ^? 9 :i* small] am\nts ( acids 7 employ$4 ,dri$1 pickl$ pieces1 conta9+ z mu* z #c p] c5t ( sulphuric acid1 %[$ no det]ioration or t5d]+ ( fib]4 ,! pickl$ sk9s aft] *rome tann+ /ill reta9$ ^! *>act]i/ics4 ,an analysis ( ! lea!r produc$ by tann+ ) sumac %[$ t no free acid 0 reta9$ 9 ! f9i%$ lea!r4 ,an ,au/ralian pickl$ pelt 0 f\nd to conta9 #ai4b p] c5t ( salt & #b4h p] c5t ( sulphuric acid4 ,f a v l>ge numb] ( exp]im5ts ! foll[+ conclusions 7 drawn3 #a4 ,t sulphuric acid is q equal 9 effici5cy to o!r acids = ! purpose4 #b4 ,to a c]ta9 limit increas+ s(tness is produc$ by increas+ ! quantity ( acid us$4 #c4 ,= naturally s(t sk9s & :5 a lea!r n v s(t is requir$ ! be/ results are obta9$ by us+ #bb p\nds ( salt1 #b4b p\nds ( sulphuric acid1 & #be gallons ( wat] = #aaj p\nds ( pelt 9 ! drum4 #d4 ,= mat]ial :i* is naturally h>d & :5 a s(t lea!r is requir$1 ! am\nt ( acid %\ld be increas$ to #d4d p\nds1 us+ simil> am\nts z ^? giv5 above ( pelt1 salt1 & wat]4 ,fr5* ,hide ,tann+ ,process4--,i4--,! prep>$ pelts are submitt$ to a #c to #d h\rs' imm]sion 9 a solution ( ros9 soap1 conta9+ #e to #aj p] c5t ( cau/ic soda4 ,! goods are aft]w>ds plac$ 9 a #f to #ab p] c5t solution ( a salt ( *romium1 iron1 copp]1 or alum9um 7pref]ably alum9um sulphate7 = #c to #d h\rs4 ,,ii4--,! hides are soak$ 9 a solution ( sodium c>bonate ( #aj ,b4 = #c to #f h\rs4 ,aft] wa%+ ) wat] !y are all[$ to rema9 = #e h\rs 9 #ded a ba? ( cau/ic soda1 ! /r5g? ( :i* may v>y f #b to #cj ,b4 ,f ?is !y are transf]r$ to a ba? ( hydro*loric acid 7#a to #e ,b47 9 :i* !y rema9 = #b h\rs4 ,f9ally ! hides are wa%$ & ! beam-"w f9i%$ 9 ! usual way4 ,! tannage consi/s ( a special ba? ( sodium or ammonium sulphoric9oleate 7#b to #cj p] c5t7 & sumac extract1 or simil> tann+ mat]ial 7#b to #ej p] c5t74 ,! /r5g? ( ?is ba? is gradually rais$ f #d to #cj or #dj ,b4 ,tann+ ,hides = ,robes4--,! hides %\ld be v ?or\ghly soak$ 9 ord] to s(t5 !m completely4 ,= dry hides ?is w require a long] "t ?an = salt$4 ,a heavy hide requires long] soak+ ?an a sk94 ,?us x is impossible to fix a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t4 ,aft] soak+1 ! hide is fle%$ clean1 & is n[ ready to g into ! tan liquor1 :i* is made up z foll[s3 ,"o "p alum2 #a "p salt2 #a_/d to #a_/b "p japonica4 ,^! are dissolv$ 9 hot wat] 9 suffici5t quantity to make a #ce liquor4 ,! hide1 accord+ to ! ?ickness1 is left 9 ! tan f #e to #aj days4 ,sk9s are f9i%$ 9 ab\t #b or #c days4 ,! hide %\ld be run 9 a drum = ab\t #b h\rs be=e go+ into tan1 & aga9 aft] t process4 ,9 tann+ hides = robes1 %av+ !m d[n is a ma9 requisite = success1 z x is impossible to get s(t lea!r o!rwise4 ,aft] %av+ put back into ! tan liquor aga9 = a day or two & hang up to dry4 ,:5 good & h>d1 %ave aga9 & lay away 9 moi/ sawdu/ & give a heavy coat ( oil4 ,:5 dry1 apply a solution ( s(t soap2 roll up & lay away 9 moi/ sawdu/ aga94 ,run ! hides on a drum or :eel until ?or\ghly s(t4 ,! composition ( ! tan liquor may be *ang$ consid]ably4 ,if ! br[ni% t+e ( ! japonica be objectionable1 t article may be left out entirely4 ,! japonica has ! effect ( mak+ ! robe m able to resi/ wat]1 z ! alum & salt alone are readily soak$ out by ra94 ,lace ,lea!r4--,take c[ hides av]ag+ f #be to #cj p\nds ea*2 #ce hides w make a conv5i5t soak = a vat conta9+ #a1jjj gallons ( wat]1 or #be hides to a soak ( #gjj gallons4 ,soak #b days or m1 z requir$4 ,*ange wat] e #bd h\rs4 ,split & fle%2 resoak if necess>y4 ,:5 ?or\ghly s(t put 9 limes4 ,h&le & /r5g!n once a day1 = #e or #f days4 ,unhair & wa%4 ,ba! 9 h5 manure1 #ij ,f4 ,"w out ( dr5*1 wa% well1 dra9 #d ( #e h\rs4 ,!n process1 us+ #de p\nds vitriol & #fjj p\nds ( s(t wat] to #gjj gallons ( wat]4 ,9 r5ew+ process = second or consecutive packs1 use #ae p\nds vitriol & #bjj p\nds salt1 always keep+ /ock con/antly 9 motion dur+ "t ( process+4 ,aft] process+1 dra9 ov] night1 !n put 9 tan 9 agitat$ liquors1 keep+ ! /ock 9 motion dur+ ! :ole "t ( tann+4 ,pack d[n ov]night4 ,use #bjj p\nds dry lea!r to ea* mill 9 /uff+4 ,= /uff+1 use #c gallons curri]s' h>d grease & #c gallons ,am]ican cod oil4 ,/rike out f mill1 on fle%4 ,set out on gra94 ,dry sl[ly4 ,trim & bo>d1 l5g? & cross4 ,! /ock is !n ready to cut4 ,! "t = soak+ ! hides may be r$uc$ "o-half by putt+ ! /ock into a rapidly revolv+ reel pit1 ) a good infl[ ( wat]1 s t ! dirty wat] wa%es ov] & runs (f4 ,aft] #aj h\rs 9 ! soak1 put ! /ock into a drum1 & keep x tumbl+ #e h\rs4 ,?is produces s(t /ock4 ,9 lim+1 :]e ! sav+ ( ! hair is no object1 s(t] lea!r is obta9able by us+ #ce p\nds sulphide ( sodium ) #fj p\nds lime4 ,!n1 :5 ! /ock comes f ! limes1 ! hair is dissolv$ & imm$iately wa%es (f1 & saves ! labor ( unhair+ & c>+ = ! hair1 :i* 9 "s cases does n pay4 ,,miscellane\s ,,recipes3 ,russian ,lea!r4--,?is lea!r owes its "n to ! c\ntry ( its orig94 ,! sk9s us$ = its production are goat1 l>ge %eep1 calfsk91 & c[ or /e] hide4 ,! prelim9>y op]ations ( soak+1 unhair+1 & fle%+ are done 9 ! usual mann]1 & !n ! hides are p]mitt$ to swell 9 a mixture ( rye fl\r1 oat fl\r1 yea/1 & salt4 ,?is comp\nd is made into a pa/e ) wat]1 & is !n ?9n$ ) suffici5t wat] to /eep a hundr$ hides 9 ! mixture4 ,! proportions ( +r$i5ts us$ = ?is mixture are #bb p\nds rye fl\r1 #aj p\nds oat fl\r1 a little salt1 & suffici5t yea/ to set up f]m5tation4 ,! hides are /eep$ 9 ?is comp\nd = #b days1 until swell$ up1 & !n put into a solution ( will[ & popl> b>ks1 9 :i* !y are all[$ to rema9 #h days1 be+ frequ5tly turn$ ab\t4 ,! tann+ process is !n complet$ by putt+ !m into a tann+ liquor compos$ ( p9e & will[ b>ks1 equal p>ts4 ,!y are /eep$ #h days 9 ?is liquor1 & !n a #dee fre% liquor ( ! same +r$i5ts & proportions is made up4 ,! hides are h>d5$ & split1 & !n /eep$ 9 ! fre%ly made liquor = ano!r #h days1 :5 !y are suffici5tly tann$4 ,! hides are !n cut d[n ! middle 7f head to tail7 into sides1 & sc\r$1 r9s$1 & dri$ by dripp+1 & !n pass$ on to ! curri]1 :o slightly damp5s ! dry sides & puts !m 9 a heap or folds !m toge!r = a c\ple ( days to temp]1 & !n impregnates !m ) a comp\nd consi/+ ( #b_/c p>ts bir* oil & #a_/c p>ts seal oil4 ,?is is appli$ on ! fle% side = light lea!r1 & on ! gra9 side also = heavy lea!r4 ,! lea!r is !n 8set out10 8:it5$10 & well bo>d$ & dri$ be=e dye+4 ,a decoction ( s&alwood1 alone or mix$ ) co*9eal1 is us$ = produc+ ! ,russian r$ color1 & ?is dye liquor is appli$ sev]al times1 all[+ ea* application to dry be=e apply+ ! foll[+ "o4 ,a bru% is us$1 & ! dye liquor is spread on ! gra9 side4 ,a solution ( t9 *loride is us$ 9 ,russia z a mordant = ! lea!r be=e lay+ on ! dye4 ,! dye liquor is prep>$ by boil+ #ah ounces ( s&alwood 9 #ac p9ts ( wat] = #a h\r1 & !n filt]+ ! liquid & dissolv+ 9 ! filt]+ fluid #a ounce ( prep>$ t>t> & soda1 :i* is !n giv5 an h\r's boil+ & set aside = a few days be=e use4 ,aft] dye+1 ! lea!r is aga9 impregnat$ ) ! mixture ( bir* & seal oils 7appli$ to ! gra9 side on a piece ( flannel7 & :5 ! dy$ lea!r has dri$1 a ?9 sme> ( gum-dragon mucilage is giv5 to ! dy$ side to protect ! color f fad+1 :ile ! fle% side is sme>$ ) b>k-tan juice & ! dy$ lea!r !n gra9$ = m>ket4 ,t\gh5+ ,lea!r4--,lea!r is t\gh5$ & also r5d]$ imp]vi\s by impregnat+ ) a solution ( #a "p ( ca\t*\c or gutta-p]*a 9 #af p>ts ( b5z5e or o!r solv5t1 to :i* is add$ #aj p>ts ( l9se$ oil4 ,wax & ros9 may be add$ to ?ick5 ! solution4 ,pa9t+ on ,lea!r4--,:5 ! lea!r is f9i%$ 9 ! tann]ies x is at ! same "t provid$ ) ! necess>y greasy p>ticles to give x ! requir$ pliancy & prev5t x f crack+4 ,x is claim$ t "s tann]s /rive to obta9 a great] weight !reby1 ?us increas+ _! pr(it1 s9ce a p\nd ( fat is only "o-eigh? z de> z a p\nd ( lea!r4 ,if su* lea!r1 s call$ kips1 :i* are mu* us$ = c>riage cov]s & knee caps1 is to be prep>$ = pa9t+ purposes1 x is above all necess>y to close up ! pores ( ! lea!r1 s t ! said fat p>ticles _c /rike ?r\gh4 ,!y w\ld comb9e ) ! appli$ pa9t & prev5t ! latt] f dry+1 z ! grease consi/s ma9ly ( fi% oil4 ,= ?is reason an ela/ic _s lea!r v>ni% is employ$1 :i* protects ! succe$+ pa9t coat suffici5tly f ! fat4 ,= fur!r treatm5t take a good coa* v>ni% to :i* #a_/d ( /& oil 7l9se$ oil :i* has ?ick5$ by /&+7 has be5 add$ & all[ ! mixture to /& = a few days4 ,) ?is v>ni% gr9d ! desir$ colors1 ?9n+ !m only ) turp5t9e oil4 ,put on #b coats4 ,9 ?is mann] ! mo/ delicate colors may be appli$ to ! lea!r1 only x is ne$ful to put on pale & delicate %ades sev]al times4 ,9 "s c\ntries ! legs or tops ( boots are pa9t$ yell[1 r$1 gre51 or blue 9 ?is mann]4 ,inf]ior lea!r1 su* z %eepsk9 & goat lea!r1 :i* is treat$ ) alum by ! tann]1 may likewise be provid$ ) color 9 ! mann] /at$4 ,subsequ5tly x c be pa9t$1 gild$1 or bronz$4 ,/a9s = ,oak ,lea!r4--,i4--,apply an intimate mixture ( #d ounces ( umb] 7burnt or raw72 #a_/b ounce ( lampblack1 & #ag fluid\nces ox gall4 ,,ii4--,! moi/5$ lea!r is prim$ ) a solution ( #a "p1 by weight1 ( copp] acetate 9 #ej p>ts ( wat]1 slick$ out & !n pa9t$ ) solution ( yell[ prussiate pota% 9 feebly acid wat]4 ,,lea!r ,,z ,,an ,,insulator3 ,see ,insulation4 ,,lea!r ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,cem5ts4 ,,lea!r-,,clean+ ,,processes3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,lea!r1 ,,glues ,,=3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,lea!r ,,lac3 ,see ,lacqu]s4 ,,lea!r ,,lubricants3 ,see ,lubricants4 #def ,,lea!r ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%4 ,,lea!r ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,lemons3 ,see also ,ess5ces1 ,extracts1 & ,fruits4 ,pres]vation ( ,fre% ,lemon ,juice4--,! fre% juice is cle>$ by g5tly heat+ x ) a little egg album51 )\t /irr+ ! mixture4 ,?is causes all solid matt] to s9k ) ! coagulat$ :ite1 or to make its way to ! surface4 ,! juice is !n filt]$ ?r\gh a wool5 clo? & put into bottles1 fill$ z full z possible1 & clos$ ) a cork /opp]1 9 su* a way t ! cork may be directly 9 contact ) ! liquid4 ,seal at once & keep 9 a cool place4 ,! bottles %\ld be asepticiz$ ) boil+ wat] j be=e us+4 ,,lemon ,,extract 7,,adult]at$71 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,lemon ,,%]bet ,,p[d]3 ,see ,salts1 ,eff]vesc5t4 ,,lemonades1 ,,lemonade ,,p[d]s1 ,,& ,,lemonade ,,drops3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,lemonade ,,p[d]3 ,see ,salts1 ,eff]vesc5t4 ,,l5ses ,,& ,,_! ,,c>e3 ,unclean ,l5ses 7see also ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods74--,if 9 ei!r objective or eyepiece ! l5ses are n clean1 ! def9ition may be s]i\sly impair$ or de/roy$4 ,uncleanl9ess may be due to f+] m>ks ^u ! front l5s ( ! objective1 or ^u ! eyepiece l5ses2 du/ :i* 9 "t may settle ^u ! re> l5s ( ! objective or on ! eye l5s2 a film :i* =ms ^u "o or ! o!r l5s1 due occasionally to ! fact t glass is hygroscopic1 b g5]ally to ! exhalation f ! int]ior f9i% ( ! m\nt+s1 &1 9 imm]sion objectives1 because ! front l5s is n prop]ly clean$2 or oil t has leak$ on to its re> surface1 or air bubbles t h =m$ 9 ! oil betwe5 ! cov] glass & front l5s4 ,rem$y4--,keep all l5ses scrupul\sly clean4 ,= clean+1 use well-wa%$ l95 7an old h&k]*ief7 or ,japanese l5s pap]4 ,eyepieces4--,to f9d impurities1 revolve ! eyepieces dur+ ! obs]vation2 brea! ^u ! l5ses1 & wipe g5tly ) a circul> motion & bl[ (f any p>ticles :i* may adh]e4 ,dry ,objectives4--,clean ! front l5s z describ$4 ,to exam9e ! re> & int]ior l5ses use a #b-;in* magnifi]1 look+ ?r\gh ! re>4 ,remove ! du/ f ! re> l5s ) a camel's-hair bru%4 ,oil ,imm]sion ,objectives4--,inv>iably clean ! front l5s aft] use ) moi/5$ l95 or pap]1 & wipe dry4 ,9 apply+ oil exam9e ! front ( ! objective ) a magnifi]1 & if !re are any air bubbles1 remove !m ) a po9t$ quill1 or remove ! oil entirely & apply a fre% quantity4 ,,lett]s1 ,,to ,,remove ,,f ,,*9a3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods4 ,,lett]-,,head ,,s5sitiz]s3 ,see ,photography1 "u ,pap]-,s5sitiz+ ,processes4 ,lett]+ ,,cem5ts ,,= ,,atta*+ ,,lett]s ,,on ,,glass3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,sign-,lett] ,cem5ts4 ,gold ,lett]+4--,?is is usually done by fir/ draw+ ! lett]+1 !n cov]+ ) an adhesive mixture1 su* z size1 & f9ally apply+ gold bronze p[d] or real gold leaf4 ,a good me?od = amateurs to foll[ 9 m>k+ lett]s on glass is to apply fir/ a coat ( :it+1 mix$ simply ) wat]1 & !n to m>k out ! lett]s on ?is surface1 us+ a po9t$ /ick or ! l4 ,aft] ?is has be5 done ! lett]s may easily be pa9t$ or gild$ on ! rev]se side ( ! glass4 ,:5 done1 wa% (f ! :it+ f ! o!r side1 & ! "w is complete4 ,bronze ,lett]+4--,! foll[+ is ! be/ me?od = c>d "w3 ,write ) asphaltum ?9n$ ) turp5t9e until x fl[s easily1 &1 :5 ne>ly dry1 du/ bronze p[d] ov] ! lett]s4 ,:5 ! lett]s are p]fectly dry tap ! c>d to take (f ! extra bronze1 & x w leave ! lett]s clean & %>p4 ,! lett]s %\ld be made ) a camel's-hair bru% & n ) ! automatic p51 z oil pa9ts d n "w satisfactorily ) ^! p5s4 ,= bronz$ lett]s made ) ! p51 use black lett]9e or any wat] color4 #deg ,if a wat] color is us$ add consid]able gum arabic4 ,ea* lett] %\ld be bronz$ z x is made1 z ! wat] color dries mu* m quickly ?an ! asphaltum4 ,ano!r me?od is to mix ! bronze p[d] ) bronze siz+ to ab\t ! consi/5cy ( ! asphaltum4 ,make ! lett] ) a camel's-hair bru%1 us+ ! bronze pa9t z "o w\ld any oil pa9t4 ,?is me?od requires mu* skill1 z ! gold pa9t spreads quickly & is apt to flood ov] ! edge ( ! lett]4 ,= use on oilclo? ?is is ! mo/ practical me?od4 ,bronzes may be pur*as$ at any h>dw>e /ore4 ,!y are made 9 copp]1 r$1 gre51 silv]1 gold1 & copp] %ades4 ,lett]+ on ,glass4--,:ite lett]+ on glass & mirrors produces a ri* effect4 ,dry z9c1 *emically pure1 %\ld be us$4 ,x c be obta9$ 9 any fir/-class pa9t /ore & is inexp5sive4 ,to e teaspoonful ( z9c1 #aj drops ( mucilage %\ld be add$4 ,! two %\ld be work$ up into a ?ick pa/e1 wat] be+ gradually add$ until ! mixture is ab\t ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream4 ,! pa9t %\ld !n be appli$ ) a camel's-hair bru%4 ,ano!r useful pa9t = ?is purpose is ,*emnitz :ite4 ,if ?is di/emp] color is obta9$ 9 a j>1 c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to keep wat] /&+ above ! color to prev5t dry+4 ,by us+ mucilage z a siz+ ^! colors w adh]e to ! glass until x is wa%$ (f4 ,bo? mixtures are equally desirable = lett]+ on block c>d-bo>d4 ,any di/emp] color may be employ$ on glass )\t 9 any way injur+ x4 ,an attractive comb9ation is--fir/ to lett] ! sign ) ,turkey r$1 & !n to outl9e ! lett]s ) a v n>r[ :ite /ripe4 ,! lett] c be r5d]$ /ill m attractive by %ad+ "o side 9 black4 ,signs on ,%[ ,cases4--,mo/ %[ cases h mirrors at ! back1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( slid+ panels or spr+ doors4 ,lett]+ 9 di/emp] colors on ^! mirrors c easily be read ?r\gh ! fronts or tops ( cases4 ,if ! mirror is on a slid+ panel1 x w be necess>y to deta* x f ! case 9 ord] to lett] x4 ,:5 ! mirror is on a spr+ door ! sign c be lett]$ ) less tr\ble4 ,by trac+ lett]s 9 *alk on ! outside ( ! glass1 & !n pa9t+ !m on ! inside1 attractive signs c be produc$ on all %[ cases2 b pa9t+ lett]s on ! inside ( a %[ case glass is m or less difficult1 & x is n advisable to attempt x 9 v %all[ cases4 8,spatt]0 ,"w4--,"s lett]+ :i* appe>s v difficult to ! un9itiat$ is1 9 fact1 easily produc$4 ,! beautiful effect ( lett]+ & ornam5tation 9 ! =m ( foliage or conv5tional scrolls 9 a speckl$ gr\nd is simple & c be produc$ ) little ef=t4 ,press$ leaves & lett]s or designs cut f newspap]s or magaz9es may be tack$ or pa/$ on c>dbo>d or a mat ) fl\r pa/e4 ,z little pa/e z possible %\ld be us$--only en\gh to hold ! design 9 place4 ,:5 all ! designs are 9 ! positions desir$1 a too?bru% %\ld be dipp$ 9 ! ink or pa9t to be employ$4 ,a too?pick or o!r small piece ( wood is drawn to & fro ov] ! bri/les1 :i* are held t[>d ! sign1 ! entire surface ( :i* %\ld be spatt]$ or spr9kl$ ) ! color4 ,:5 ! color is dry ! designs pa/$ on %\ld be c>efully remov$ & ! pa/e :i* held !m 9 place %\ld be scrap$ (f4 ,?is leaves ! lett]s & o!r designs clean cut & :ite aga9/ ! 8spatt]0 backgr\nd4 ,! beg9n] %\ld exp]im5t fir/ ) a few simple designs4 ,aft] he is able to produce attractive "w ) a few figures or lett]s he may confid5tly und]take m elaborate comb9ations4 ,lett]+ on ,mirrors4--,f a b> ( fre% common br[n soap cut (f a "o-in*-wide /rip across its end4 ,cut ?is into #b or #c /rips4 ,take "o /rip & ) a table-knife cut f two opposite sides a w$ge-%ap$ po9t resembl+ t ( a %ad+ p51 b all[ ! edge to be fully #a_/h in* ?ick4 ,clean ! mirror ?or\ghly & proce$ to lett] 9 exactly ! same mann] z ) a %ad+ p54 ,to ,fill ,engrav$ ,lett]s on ,metal ,signs4--,lett]s engrav$ on metal may be fill$ 9 ) a mixture ( asphaltum1 br[n japan1 & lampblack1 ! mixture be+ s made z to be a putty-l mass4 ,x %\ld be well press$ d[n ) a spatula4 ,any ( ! mass adh]+ to ! plate ab\t ! edges ( ! lett]s is remov$ ) turp5t9e1 & :5 ! cem5t is ?or\ghly dri$ ! plate may be poli%$4 ,if :ite lett]s are desir$1 make a putty ( dry :ite lead1 ) equal p>ts ( coa* japan & rubb+ v>ni%4 ,fill ! lett]s ne>ly level ) ! #deh surface1 & :5 h>d1 apply a /\t coat ( flake :ite 9 japan ?9n$ ) turp5t9e4 ,?is w give a clean :ite f9i% t may be poli%$4 ,! :ite cem5t may be t9t$ to any desir$ %ade1 us+ coa* colors gr\nd 9 japan4 ,t9sel$ ,lett]s1 or ,*9ese ,pa9t+ on ,glass4--,?is is done by pa9t+ ! gr\ndwork ) any color1 leav+ ! lett] or figure nak$4 ,:5 dry1 place t9 foil or any ( ! v>i\s color$ copp] foils ov] ! lett]s on ! back ( ! glass1 aft] crumpl+ !m 9 ! h&1 & !n p>tially /raight5+ !m out4 ,,lice ,,kill]s3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,li*5 ,,remov]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods & ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,licorice3 ,/able ,solutions ( ,licorice ,juice4--,a p]colator1 ) alt]nate lay]s ( brok5 glass1 :i* h be5 well wa%$1 fir/ ) hydro*loric acid & pl5tifully r9s$ ) di/ill$ wat]1 is ! fir/ requisite4 ,?is is *>g$ ) pieces ( crude licorice juice1 f ! size ( a hazel nut to t ( a walnut1 :i* are weight$ d[n ) well-wa%$ pebbles4 ,! p]colate is kept = #c days 9 well cork$ flasks :i* h be5 r9s$ out ) alcohol be=eh&4 ,decant & filt] & evaporate d[n rapidly1 "u con/ant /irr+1 or 9 vacuo4 ,! extract %\ld be kept 9 vessels fir/ wa%$ ) alcohol & clos$ ) p>*m5t pap]1 9 a dry place--nev] 9 ! cell>4 ,to dissolve ?is extract1 use wat]1 fir/ boil$ = #ae m9utes4 ,! solution %\ld be kept 9 small flasks1 fir/ r9s$ ) alcohol & well cork$4 ,if to be kept = a long "t1 ! flasks %\ld be subject$ = #c consecutive days1 a half h\r ea* day1 to a /ream ( /eam1 & ! corks p>aff9$4 ,!re is frequ5tly met ) 9 comm]ce a purifi$ juice t rema9s cle> 9 ! mixtura solv5s4 ,x is usually obta9$ by sup]saturation ) pure ammonia1 all[+ to /& = #c days1 decant+1 filt]+ ! decant$ liquor1 & quick evaporation4 ,s9ce solutions ) wat] alone rapidly spoil1 x is well to obs]ve ) !m ! precautions common = n>cotic extracts4 ,to ,te/ ,extract ( ,licorice4--,m]e solubility is no te/ = ! purity ( extract ( licorice4 ,x is1 !re=e1 propos$ to make ! glycyrrhiz9 cont5t & ! nature ( ! a% ! det]m9+ te/4 ,to det]m9e ! glycyrrhiz9 quantitatively proce$ z foll[s3 ,mac]ate #a_/aj ounce ( ! extract1 9 co>se p[d]1 9 #aj fluid\nces di/ill$ wat] = sev]al h\rs1 ) m or less frequ5t agitation4 ,:5 solution is complete1 add #aj fluid\nces alcohol ( #ij p] c5t1 filt] & wa% ! filt] ) alcohol ( #dj p] c5t until ! latt] comes (f colorless4 ,drive (f ! alcohol1 :i* 0 add$ m]ely to facilitate filtration1 by evaporation 9 ! wat] ba?2 let ! residue cool d[n & precipitate ! glycyrrhiz9 by addition ( sulphuric acid4 ,filt] ! liquid & wa% ! precipitate on ! filt] ) di/ill$ wat] until ! wa% wat] comes (f neutral4 ,dissolve ! glycyrrhiz9 f ! filt] by ! addition ( ammonia wat]1 drop by drop1 collect+ ! filt]$ solution 9 a t>$ capsule4 ,evaporate 9 ! wat] ba?1 dry ! residual glycyrrhiz9 at #bab ,f41 & weigh4 ,repeat$ exam9ations ( kn[n pure extracts h yield$ a range ( p]c5tage ( glycyrrhiz9 runn+ f #h4jf p] c5t to #aa4ij p] c5t4 ,! a% %\ld be acid 9 reaction & a total p]c5tage ( f #e4fd to #h4fd ( ! extract4 ,,light1 ,,inact9ic3 ,see ,photography4 ,,lignaloe ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,limeade3 ,see ,bev]ages1 "u ,lemonades4 ,,lime ,,z ,a ,,f]tiliz]3 ,see ,f]tiliz]s4 ,,lime1 ,,bird4 ,bird lime is a ?ick1 s(t1 t\gh1 & /icky mass ( a gre5i% color1 has an unpleasant smell & bitt] ta/e1 melts easily on heat+1 & h>d5s :5 expos$ 9 ?9 lay]s to ! air4 ,x is difficult to dissolve 9 alcohol1 b easily soluble 9 hot alcohol1 oil ( turp5t9e1 fat oils1 & also some:at 9 v9eg>4 ,! be/ quality is prep>$ f ! inn] gre5 b>k ( ! holly 7,ilex aquifolium71 :i* is boil$1 !n put 9 b>rels1 & submitt$ = #ad days to slight f]m5tation until x becomes /icky4 ,ano!r process ( prep>+ x is to mix ! boil$ b>k ) juice ( mi/letoe b]ries & bury+ x 9 ! gr\nd until #dei f]m5t$4 ,! b>k is !n pulv]iz$1 boil$1 & wa%$4 ,artificial bird lime is prep>$ by boil+ & !n ignit+ l9se$ oil1 or boil+ pr9t+ v>ni% until x is v t\gh & /icky4 ,x is also prep>$ by dissolv+ cab9etmak]s' glue 9 wat] & add+ a conc5trat$ solution ( *loride ( z9c4 ,! mixture is v /icky1 does n dry on exposure to ! air1 & has ! advantage t x c be easily wa%$ (f ! fea!rs ( ! birds4 ,,lime ,,juice3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,lime-,,juice ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,lime ,,waf]s3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,l951 ,,to ,,di/+ui% ,,cotton ,,f3 ,see ,cotton4 ,,l95 ,,dress+3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,l9im5ts3 ,see also ,o9tm5ts4 ,= ext]nal use only4--,i4--,! foll[+ p5etrat+ oily l9im5t r$uces all k9ds ( inflammatory processes3 ,p>aff9e oil #d ounces ,capsicum p[d] #a_/b ounce ,dige/ on a s& ba? & filt]4 ,to ?is may be add$ directly ! foll[+3 ,oil ( w9t]gre5 or pepp]m9t1 ph5ol1 ?ymol1 camphor or eucalyptol1 etc4 ,,ii4--,camphor #b ounces ,m5?ol #a ounce ,oil ( ?yme #a ounce ,oil ( sassafras #a ounce ,t9cture ( myrrh #a ounce ,t9cture ( capsicum #a ounce ,*lor(orm #a ounce ,alcohol #b p9ts ,,l9im5ts ,,= ,,horses3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,l9oleum3 ,see also ,oilclo?4 ,composition = ,l9oleum1 ,oilclo?1 etc4--,?is is compos$ ( :it+1 dri$ l9se$ oil1 & any ord9>y dry]1 su* z li?>ge1 to :i* +r$i5ts a proportion ( gum tragacan? is to be add$1 replac+ a "p ( ! oil & s]v+ to imp>t flexibility to ! fabric1 & to ! composition a pa/y mass ! prop]ty ( dry+ m rapidly4 ,9 ! production ( l9oleum1 ! :it+ is replac$ 9 :ole or 9 "p by pulv]iz$ cork4 ,! proportions are approximately ! foll[+ by weight3 ,:it+ or p[d]$ cork1 #ac p>ts2 gum tragacan?1 #e p>ts2 dri$ l9se$ oil1 #e #a_/b p>ts2 siccative1 #a_/b "p4 ,dress+s = ,l9oleum4--,a weak solution ( beeswax 9 spirits ( turp5t9e has be5 recomm5d$ = bright5+ ! appe>ance ( l9oleum4 ,"h are "s o!r =mulas3 ,i4--,palm oil #a ounce ,p>aff9e #ah ounces ,k]os5e #d ounces ,melt ! p>aff9e & oil1 remove f ! fire & incorporate ! k]os5e4 ,,ii4--,yell[ wax #e ounces ,oil turp5t9e #aa ounces ,amb] v>ni% #e ounces ,melt ! wax1 add ! oil1 & !n ! v>ni%4 ,apply ) a rag4 ,treatm5t ( ,newly ,laid ,l9oleum4--,! prop] way to cleanse a l9oleum floor+ is fir/ to sweep (f ! du/ & !n wipe up ) a damp clo?4 ,sev]al times a ye> ! surface %\ld be well rubb$ ) floor wax4 ,c>e mu/ be _h t ! mass is well pulv]iz$ & free f grit4 ,granite l9oleum & figur$ cov]+s are cleans$ )\t ! application ( wat]4 ,a floor cov]+ :i* has be5 treat$ f ! beg9n+ ) floor wax ne$ only be wip$ (f daily ) a dry clo?1 ei!r wool5 or felt1 & aft]w>ds rubb$ well ) a clo? fill$ ) ! mass4 ,x w improve its appe>ance1 too1 if x be wa%$ sev]al times a ye> ) w>m wat] & a neutral soap4 ,,l9oleum1 ,,clean+ ,,& ,,poli%+3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,l9oleum ,,on ,,iron ,,/airs ,,or ,,cem5t ,,floors1 ,,to ,,glue3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,glues4 ,,l9se$ ,,oil3 ,see also ,oils4 ,blea*+ ( ,l9se$ ,oil & ,poppyse$ ,oil4--,9 ord] to blea* l9se$ oil & poppyse$ oil = pa9t+ purposes1 ?or\ghly %ake #b4e p>ts ( x 9 a glass vessel ) a solution ( potassium p]manganate1 #ej p>ts1 9 #a1bej p>ts ( wat]2 let /& = #bd h\rs 9 a w>m temp]ature1 & !n mix ) #ge p>ts ( pulv]iz$ sodium sulphite4 ,n[ %ake until ! latt] has dissolv$ & add #ajj p>ts ( crude hydro*loric acid1 #bj4 ,agitate frequ5tly & wa%1 aft] ! previ\sly br[n mass has become light color$1 ) wat]1 9 :i* a little #dfj *alk has be5 f9ely di/ribut$1 until ! wat] is neutral4 ,f9ally filt] ov] calc9$ ,glaub]'s salt4 ,adult]ation ( ,l9se$ ,oil4--,?is is common1 & a simple & *eap me?od ( te/+ is by nitric acid4 ,p\r equal p>ts ( ! l9se$ oil & nitric acid into a flask1 %ake vigor\sly1 & let x /& = #bj m9utes4 ,if ! oil is pure1 ! upp] /ratum is ( /raw yell[ color & ! l[] "o colorless4 ,if impure1 ! =m] is d>k br[n or black1 ! latt] pale orange or d>k yell[1 accord+ to ! admixtures to ! oil4 ,! addition ( ros9 oil to l9se$ oil or o!r pa9t oils c be readily detect$ by ! increase 9 specific gravity1 ! l[ fla% po9t1 & ! odor ( ros9 on heat+2 :ile ! am\nt may be approximately asc]ta9$ f ! am\nt ( unsaponifiable oil left aft] boil+ ) cau/ic soda4 ,,lip ,,salves ,,& ,,lipol3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,lip[itz ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,liqueurs3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,liquor ,,ammonii ,,anisatus3 ,see ,ammonia4 ,,liquors3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,li?ograph]s' ,,lacqu]3 ,see ,lacqu]s4 ,,li?ographs3 ,see ,pictures & ,engrav+s4 ,,liv]-,,spot ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,locksmi?',s ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,locomotive ,,lubricants3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,locu/ ,,kill]3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,l\se ,,wa%3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,lubricants ,oil = ,fire>ms4--,ei!r pure vasel9e oil1 :ite1 #j4hgj1 or else pure :ite-bone oil1 pro( to cold1 is employ$ = ?is purpose1 s9ce ^! two oils are n only free f acid1 b d n oxidize or res9ify4 ,lea!r ,lubricants4--,russian tall[1 #a p\nd2 beeswax1 #f ounces2 black pit*1 #d ounces2 common ca/or oil1 #c p\nds2 s(t p>aff9e1 #a_/b p\nd2 oil ( citronella1 #a_/b ounce4 ,melt all toge!r 9 a saucepan1 except ! citronella1 :i* add on cool+4 ,/ir occasionally4 ,ma*9]y ,oils4--,i4--,! solid fat1 call$ bak\r9e1 a heavy lubricant :i* possesses extraord9>y lubricat+ qualities has a neutral reaction & melts only at ab\t #agf to #ahh ,f4 ,x is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,a mixture is made ( #ajj p>ts ( ,bi5ne petroleum or crude naph?a1 ) #be p>ts ( ca/or oil or "s m9]al oil1 & subject$ to ! action ( #fj or #gj p>ts ( sulphuric acid ( #ff ,b4 ,! acid is p\r$ 9 a small /ream into ! oil1 :ile c>efully /irr+4 ,! agitation is cont9u$ until a ?ick & blacki%-br[n mass is obta9$ free f non-incorporat$ petroleum4 ,v cold wat] ( #b or #c times ! weight ( ! mass is !n add$1 & ! :ole is /irr$ until ! mass turns :ite & becomes homog5e\s4 ,x is left at re/ = #bd h\rs1 aft] :i* ! wat]y liquid1 on ! surface ( :i* ! fat is float+1 mu/ be p\r$ (f4 ,aft] re/+ aga9 f #c to #d days1 ! product is drawn (f1 c>efully neutraliz$ ) cau/ic pota%1 & plac$ 9 b>rels ready = %ipp+4 ,,ii4--,melt 9 a kettle hold+ #b to #d times z mu* z ! volume ( ! mass :i* is to be boil$ !re91 #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( tall[ 9 #bj p>ts ( rape oil on a mod]ate fire2 add #aj p>ts ( fre%ly & well burnt lime1 slak$ 9 #cj or #dj p>ts ( wat]2 increase ! fire some:at1 & boil ) con/ant /irr+ until a ?ick fro? =ms & ! mass /icks to ! bottom ( ! kettle4 ,burn+ %\ld be prev5t$ by dilig5t /irr+4 ,!n add 9 portions ( #aj p>ts ea*1 gradually1 #gj p>ts ( rape oil & boil ) a mod]ate fire1 until ! little lumps gradually =m+ h unit$ to a :ole uni=m mass4 ,) ?is op]ation x is ( importance to be able to regulate ! fire quickly4 ,samples are n[ cont9ually tak51 :i* are all[$ to cool quickly on glass plates4 ,! boil+ d[n mu/ n be c>ri$ s f> t ! samples h>d5 on cool+2 !y mu/ sp9 long1 f9e ?reads1 :5 t\*$ ) ! f+]4 ,:5 ?is po9t is rea*$ add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 :5 ! heat has abat$ suffici5tly 7:i* may be te/$ by p\r+ 9 a few drops ( wat]71 #be to #cj p>ts ( wat]4 ,n[ raise ! fire1 )\t #dfa ceas+ to /ir1 until ! mass comes to a feeble1 uni=m boil4 ,9 ord] to be able to act quickly 9 case ( a sudd5 boil+ ov]1 ! fire mu/ be su* t x c be remov$ quickly1 & a little cold wat] mu/ always be kept on h&4 ,next1 gradually add 9 small portions1 s z n to di/urb ! boil+ ( ! mass1 #ejj p>ts ( p>aff9e oil 7if v ?ick1 #hjj to #ijj p>ts may be add$71 remove f ! fire1 all[ ! cont5ts ( ! kettle to cl>ify1 & skim (f ! w>m grease f ! s$im5t into a /irr+ app>atus4 ,agitate until ! mass beg9s to ?ick5 & cool2 if ! grease %\ld /ill be too solid1 /ir 9 a little p>aff9e oil ! second "t4 ,! odor ( ! p>aff9e oil may be disguis$ by ! admixture ( a little mirbane oil4 ,= ,cutt+ ,tools4--,! proportion ( +r$i5ts ( a lubricat+ mixture = cutt+ tools is #f gallons ( wat]1 #c #a_/b p\nds ( s(t soap1 & #a_/b gallon ( clean refuse oil4 ,heat ! wat] & mix ) ! soap1 pref]ably 9 a me*anical mix]2 aft]w>ds add ! oil4 ,a ca/-iron circul> tank to hold #ab gallons1 fitt$ ) a tap at ! bottom & hav+ ?ree revolv+ arms fitt$ to a v]tical %aft driv5 by bevels & a fa/ & loose pulley1 answ]s all requirem5ts = a mix]4 ,?is %\ld be kept runn+ all ?r\gh ! work+ day4 ,= ,highspe$ ,be>+s4--,to prev5t heat+ & /ick+ ( be>+s on heavy ma*9e tools due to runn+ cont9u\sly at high spe$s1 take ab\t #a_/h ( flake graphite1 & ! rema9d] k]os5e oil4 ,z soon z ! be>+ %[s ! slighte/ indication ( heat+ or /ick+1 ?is mixture %\ld be =cibly squirt$ ?r\gh ! oil hole until x fl[s out betwe5 ! %aft & be>+1 :5 a small quantity ( ?9 ma*9e oil may be appli$4 ,= ,heavy ,be>+s4--,an excell5t lubricant = heavy be>+s c be made f ei!r ( ! foll[+ recipes3 ,i4--,p>aff9e #f p\nds ,palm oil #ab p\nds ,oleonaph?a #h p\nds ,,ii4--,p>aff9e #h p\nds ,palm oil #bj p\nds ,oleonaph?a #ab p\nds ,! oleonaph?a %\ld h a d5sity ( #j4i4 ,fir/ dissolve ! p>aff9e 9 ! oleonaph?a at a temp]ature ( ab\t #aeh ,f4 ,!n gradually /ir 9 ! palm oil a little at a "t4 ,! proportions w %[ t ,no4 ,,ii gives a less liquid product ?an ,no4 ,i4 ,quicklime may be add$ if desir$4 ,= ,la! ,c5t]s4--,an excell5t lubricant = la! c5t]s is made by us+ #a "p graphite & #d p>ts tall[ ?or\ghly mix$4 ,sew+ ,ma*9e ,oil4--,i4--,petroleum oils are bett] adapt$ = ! lubrication ( sew+ ma*9es ?an any ( ! animal oils4 ,sp]m oil has = a long "t be5 consid]$ ! /&>d oil = ?is purpose1 b x is really n well adapt$ to ! conditions to :i* a sew+ ma*9e is subject$4 ,if ! ma*9e 7 op]at$ con/antly or regul>ly e day1 probably sp]m oil c\ld n be improv$ on4 ,! difficulty is1 h[ev]1 t a family sew+ ma*9e w frequ5tly be all[$ to /& unt\*$ = weeks at a "t & w !n be expect$ to run z smoo?ly z ?\gh j oil$4 ,"u ?is k9d ( treatm5t almo/ any oil o!r ?an petroleum oil w become gummy4 ,:at is kn[n 9 ! trade z a 8neutral0 oil1 ( high viscosity1 w\ld probably answ] bett] = ?is purpose ?an any?+ else4 ,a mixture ( #a "p ( petrolatum & #g p>ts ( p>aff9e oil has also be5 recomm5d$4 ,,ii4--,pale oil ( almonds #i ounces ,rectifi$ b5zol9e #c ounces ,=eign oil ( lav5d] #a ounce ,,petroleum ,,jellies ,,& ,,solidifi$ ,,lubricants4 ,petroleum jelly1 vasel9e1 & petrolatum are diff]5t names = ! same ?+4 ,! pure qualities are made f ,am]ican /ock ?ick5$ ) hot air until ! desir$ melt+ po9t is atta9$4 ,?ree colors are made3 :ite1 yell[1 & black ( v>i\s qualities4 ,*eap] qualities are made by us+ c]es9e wax 9 conjunction ) ! g5u9e article & pale m9]al oil4 ,?is is ! ,g]man me?od & is approv$ ( by _! ph>macopia4 ,ma*9]y qualities are made ) cyl9d] oils1 pale m9]al oils1 & c]es9e wax4 ,i4--,yell[ c]es9e wax #aa p>ts ,:ite c]es9e wax #f p>ts ,am]ican m9]al oil1 #ijc_/ijg #aea p>ts ,melt ! waxes & /ir 9 ! oil4 ,to make :ite1 use all :ite c]es9e wax4 ,to color1 use anil9e dyes soluble 9 oil to any %ade requir$4 ,,ii4--,c]es9e wax #a p\nd ,bloomless m9]al oil1 ,sq4 #iaj #a gallon #dfb ,melt ! wax & add ! oil1 v>y+ accord+ to ! consi/5cy requir$4 ,to color black1 add #bh p\nds lampblack to #bj gallons oil4 ,any wax w d1 accord+ to quality ( product desir$4 ,:ite ,petroleum ,jelly4-- ,:ite ta/eless oil #d p>ts ,:ite c]es9e wax #a "p ,solidifi$ ,lubricants4-- ,i4--,ref9$ cotton oil #b p>ts ,am]ican m9]al oil1 #ijc_/ijg #b p>ts ,oleate ( alum9a #a "p ,g5tly heat toge!r4 ,,ii4--,petroleum jelly #abj p>ts ,c]es9e wax #e p>ts ,slak$ lime #a_/b "p ,wat] #d #a_/b p>ts ,heat ! wax & ! petroleum jelly g5tly until liquid2 !n mix toge!r ! wat] & lime4 ,decant ! =m] into pack+ receptacles1 & add lime & wat]1 /irr+ until x sets4 ,= *eap] qualities use cream cyl9d] oil in/ead ( petroleum jelly4 ,,wagon ,,& ,,axle ,,greases3 ,= ,axles ( ,heavy ,vehicles4--,i4--,tall[ 7free f acid71 #ai #a_/b p>ts2 palm oil1 #ad p>ts2 sal soda1 #e #a_/b p>ts2 wat]1 #c p>ts1 by weight4 ,dissolve ! soda 9 ! wat] & sep>ately melt ! tall[1 !n /ir 9 ! palm oil4 ,?is may be g5tly w>m$ be=e add+1 z x greatly facilitates its incorporation ) ! tall[1 unless ! latt] be made boil+ hot1 :5 x readily melts ! semi-solid palm oil4 ,:5 ^! two greases are ?or\ghly incorporat$1 p\r ! mixture sl[ly into ! cold lye 7or soda solution71 & /ir well until ! mass is homog5e\s4 ,?is lubricant c be made less solid by decreas+ ! tall[ or increas+ ! palm oil4 ,,ii4--,slak$ lime 79 p[d]71 #h p>ts1 is sl[ly sift$ into ros9 oil1 #aj p>ts4 ,/ir x cont9u\sly to incorporate x ?or\ghly1 & g5tly heat ! mixture until ( a syrupy consi/5cy4 ,color ) lampblack1 or a solution ( turm]ic 9 a /rong solution ( sal soda4 ,= blue grease1 #bge p>ts ( ros9 oil are heat$ ) #a "p ( slak$ lime & !n all[$ to cool4 ,! sup]natant oil is remov$ f ! precipitat$ matt]1 & #e or #f p>ts ( ! =ego+ ros9-oil soap are /irr$ 9 until all is a s(t1 unctu\s mass4 ,= ,axles ( ,ord9>y ,vehicles4--,i4--,mix #hj p>ts ( fat & #bj p>ts ( v f9e black lead2 melt ! fat 9 a v>ni%$ e>!n vessel2 add ! black lead :ile con/antly /irr+ until x is cold1 = o!rwise ! black lead1 on acc\nt ( its d5sity1 w\ld n rema9 9 susp5sion 9 ! melt$ fat4 ,axles lubricat$ ) ?is mixture c make #hj miles )\t ! necessity ( r5ew+ ! grease4 ,,ii4--,mix equal p>ts ( r$ ,am]ican ros91 melt$ tall[1 l9se$ oil1 & cau/ic soda lye 7( #a4e d5sity74 ,,iii4--,melt #bj p>ts ( ros9 oil 9 #ej p>ts ( yell[ palm oil1 saponify ?is ) #be p>ts ( cau/ic soda lye ( #ae ,b41 & add #be p>ts ( m9]al oil or p>aff9e4 ,,iv4--,mix residue ( ! di/illation ( petroleum1 #fj to #hj p>ts2 tall[1 #aj p>ts2 colophony1 #aj p>ts2 & cau/ic soda solution ( #dj ,b41 #ae p>ts4 ,a ,grease = ,locomotive ,axles4--,saponify a mixture ( #ej p>ts tall[1 #bh p>ts palm oil1 #b p>ts sp]m oil4 ,mix 9 soda lye made by dissolv+ #ab p>ts ( soda 9 #acg p>ts ( wat]4 ,,miscellane\s ,,lubricants3 ,= ,cotton ,belts4--,c>efully melt ov] a sl[ fire 9 a clos$ iron or self-regulat+ boil] #bej p>ts ( ca\t*\c or gum ela/ic1 cut up 9 small pieces2 !n add #bjj p>ts ( colophony2 :5 ! :ole is well melt$ & mix$1 incorporate1 :ile c>efully /irr+1 #bjj p>ts ( yell[ wax4 ,!n heat #hej p>ts ( tra9 oil1 mix+ ) x #bej p>ts ( talc1 & unite ! two prep>ations1 con/antly /irr+1 until completely cold4 ,*lorid+ ,m9]al ,lubricat+ ,oils4--,a process has be5 introduc$ = produc+ indu/rial vasel9es & m9]al oils = lubrication1 bas$ on ! treatm5t ( naph?as1 petroleums1 & simil> hydroc>bides1 by means ( *lor9e or mixtures ( *lorides & hypo*lorides1 kn[n "u ! "n ( decolor+ *lorides4 ,mix & /ir ?or\ghly #a1jjj p>ts ( naph?a ( ab\t #ijh d5sity2 #ee p>ts ( *loride ( lime1 & #ejj p>ts ( wat]4 ,decant & wa%4 ,glass ,/op ,cock ,lubricant4--7,see also ,/opp]s74 ,pure rubb] #ad p>ts ,sp]maceti #e p>ts ,petroleum #a "p ,melt ! rubb] 9 a cov]$ vessel & !n /ir 9 ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,a little m petroleum w be requir$ :5 ! comp\nd is = w9t] use4 #dfc ,h>d ,metal ,drill+ ,lubricant4--,= drill+ 9 h>d metal x is recomm5d$ to use c>bolic acid in/ead ( ano!r fatty sub/ance z a lubricant1 s9ce ! latt]1 by decreas+ ! friction1 dim9i%es ! 8bit+0 ( ! drill1 :]eas ! c>bolic acid has an et*+ action4 ,pla/] ,model ,lubricant4--,take l9se$ oil1 #a1jjj p>ts2 calc9$ lead1 #ej p>ts2 li?>ge1 #fj p>ts2 umb]1 #cj p>ts2 talc1 #be p>ts4 ,boil = #b h\rs on a mod]ate fire2 skim frequ5tly & keep 9 well-clos$ flasks4 ,graphite ,lubricat+ ,comp\nd4--,graphite mix$ ) tall[ gives a good lubricat+ comp\nd t is free f any oxidiz+ if ! tall[ be r5d]$ free f rancidity4 ,! proportions are3 ,plumbago1 #a "p2 tall[1 #d p>ts4 ,! plumbago be+ /irr$ into ! melt$ tall[ & incorporat$ by pass+ x ?r\gh a mix+ mill1 add a few p\nds p] hundr$weight ( camphor 9 p[d] to ! hot comp\nd4 ,lubricants = ,r$raw+ ,%ells4--,z9c %ells %\ld be clean & free f all grit & %\ld be imm]s$ 9 boil+ hot soap wat]4 ,!y mu/ be r$rawn :ile hot to get ! be/ results4 ,on "s %ells hot oil is us$ 9 pref]5ce to soap wat]4 ,= r$raw+ alum9um %ells use a *eap grade ( vasel9e4 ,x may n be amiss to add t ! draw "p ( ! r$raw+ die %\ld n be made too long1 s z to prev5t too mu* friction1 :i* causes ! %ells to split & %rivel up4 ,= r$raw+ copp] %ells use good ?ick soap wat] z a lubricant4 ,! soap us$ %\ld be ( a k9d t w produce pl5ty ( 8slip40 ,if none su* is to be _h1 mix a quantity ( l>d oil ) ! soap wat] on h& & boil ! two toge!r4 ,spr9kl+ graphite ov] ! %ells j be=e r$raw+ sometimes helps out on a mean job4 ,rope ,grease4--,= hemp ropes1 fuse toge!r #bj p\nds ( tall[ & #cj p\nds ( l9se$ oil4 ,!n add #bj p\nds ( p>aff9e1 #cj p\nds ( vasel9e1 & #fj p\nds ( ros94 ,f9ally mix ) #aj p\nds ( graphite1 fir/ rubb$ up ) #ej p\nds ( boil$ oil4 ,= wire ropes fuse #ajj p\nds ( su9t ) #bj p\nds ( d>k colophony 7ros974 ,!n /ir 9 #cj p\nds ( ros9 oil & #aj p\nds ( d>k petroleum4 ,%eet ,metal ,lubricant4--,mix #a qu>t ( :ale oil1 #a p\nd ( :ite lead1 #a p9t ( wat]1 & #c ounces ( ! f9e/ graphite4 ,?is is appli$ to ! metal ) a bru% be=e x ent]s ! dies4 ,/eam ,cyl9d] ,lubricant4--,to obta9 a v visc\s oil t does n decompose 9 ! pres5ce ( /eam ev5 at a high temp]ature1 x is necess>y to expose neutral wool fats1 t h be5 fre$ f wool-fatty acids1 su* z crude lanol9 or wool wax1 ei!r q alone or 9 comb9ation ) m9]al oils1 to a high heat4 ,?is is be/ accompli%$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ord9>y /eam or sup]heat$ /eam at a heat ( #egb ,f41 & a pressure ( #ej atmosph]es1 correspond+ ) ! conditions 9 ! cyl9d] 9 :i* x is to be us$4 ,in/ead ( sep>at+ any slight quantities ( acid t may arise1 !y may be dissolv$ out z neutral salts4 ,wood5 ,ge>s4--,an excell5t lubricat+ ag5t = wood5 ge>s consi/s ( tall[1 #cj p>ts 7by weight72 palm oil1 #bj p>ts2 fi% oil1 #aj p>ts2 & graphite1 #bj p>ts4 ,! fats are melt$ at mod]ate heat1 & ! f9ely p[d]$ & wa%$ graphite mix$ ) !m intimately by long-cont9u$ /irr+4 ,! tee? ( wood5 combs are kept 9 a p]fectly s]viceable condition = a mu* long] "t if to ! ord9>y tall[ or graphite grease "o-t5? "p ( _! weight ( p[d]$ glass is add$4 ,,te/s ,,= ,,lubricants4 ,9 te/+ lubricants 9 g5]al1 a great deal dep5ds ^u ! class ( "w 9 :i* !y are to be employ$4 ,9 deal+ ) lubricat+ greases ! specific gravity %\ld always be det]m9$4 ,! viscosity is1 ( c\rse1 also a matt] ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,if possible ! viscosity %\ld be tak5 at ! temp]ature at :i* ! grease is to be subject$ :5 us$1 b ?is _c always be done2 #cjj ,f4 w be f\nd to be a v suitable temp]ature = ! det]m9ation ( ! viscosity ( heavy lubricants4 ,al?\gh "o ( ! /&>d viscosimet]s is ! mo/ satisfactory in/rum5t ) :i* to c>ry out ! te/1 yet x is n a necessity4 ,provid$ ! te/ be always conduct$ 9 exactly ! same mann]1 & at a fix$ temp]ature1 us+ a /&>d sample = comp>ison1 ! =m ( app>atus us$ is n ( great importance4 ,mo/ deal]s 9 sci5tific app>atus w provide a simple & *eap in/rum5t1 ! results obta9$ ) :i* w be f\nd reliable4 ,) ! ex]cise ( a little +5uity any "o c fit up a viscosimet] = himself at a v small outlay4 ,acidity is ano!r important po9t to #dfd note 9 deal+ ) lubricat+ greases4 ,calculat$ z sulphuric acid1 ! free acid %\ld n exce$ 4#ja p] c5t1 & free fatty acids %\ld n be pres5t to any ext5t4 ,cyl9d] oil %\ld dissolve completely 9 petroleum b5z9e 7specific gravity1 4#gjj71 giv+ a cle> solution4 ,9 deal+ ) ma*9e oils ! conditions are some:at diff]5t4 ,fatty oils 9 mixture ) m9]al oils are v useful1 z !y give bett] lubrication & driv+ p[]1 especially = heavy axles1 = :i* ^! mixtures %\ld always be us$4 ,! specific gravity %\ld be f 4#ijj to 4#iae & ! freez+ po9t %\ld n be above #eh ,f4 ,! fla% po9t ( heavy ma*9e oils is n a matt] ( great importance4 ,! viscosity ( dynamo oils1 tak5 9 ,engl]'s app>atus1 %\ld be #ae-af at #fh ,f4 & #c #a_/b-d at #abb ,f4 ,9 deal+ ) wagon oils & greases x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! be/ k9ds are ^? :i* are free f ros9 & ros9 products1 & _! fla% po9t %\ld be above #bab ,f4 ,to ,te/ ,grease4--,to be assur$ ( ! purity ( grease1 its d5sity is exam9$ z comp>$ ) wat]2 a piece ( fat ( ! size ( a pea is plac$ 9 a glass ( wat]4 ,if x rema9s on ! surface or s9ks v sl[ly ! fat is pure2 if x s9ks rapidly to ! bottom ! fat is mix$ ) heavy matt]s & coom is ! result4 ,,lubricants ,,= ,,wat*mak]s3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,lupul9e ,,bitt]s3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,lu/] ,,pa/e4 ,?is is us$ = plate glass1 picture frames1 & metal4 ,five p>ts ( v f9ely wa%$ & pulv]iz$ *alk2 #e p>ts ( ,vi5na lime1 p[d]$2 #e p>ts ( bolus1 p[d]$2 #e p>ts ( wood a%es1 p[d]$2 #e p>ts ( ,engli% r$1 p[d]$2 #e p>ts ( soap p[d]4 ,"w all toge!r 9 a knead+ ma*9e1 to make a smoo?1 ev5 pa/e1 add+ _s4 ,! consi/5cy ( ! pa/e c be v>i$1 by v>y+ ! am\nt ( _s1 f a solid to a s(t mass4 ,,lutes3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,ma*9e ,,oil3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,ma*9]y1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,magic3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,magnesium ,,citrate4 ,magnesium c>bonate #aj ounces ,citric acid #bj ounces ,sug> #ba ounces ,oil ( lemon #a_/b dra*m ,wat] en\gh to make #bdj ounces ,introduce ! magnesium c>bonate into a wide-m\!d #b-;gallon bottle1 drop ! oil ( lemon on x1 /ir ) a wood5 /ick3 !n add ! citric acid1 ! sug>1 & wat] en\gh to come up to a m>k on ! bottle indicat+ #bdj ounces4 ,= ?is purpose use cold wat]1 add+ ab\t half ( ! quantity fir/1 & ! rema9d] :5 ! sub/ances are mo/ly dissolv$4 ,by all[+ ! solution to /& = a half to a :ole day1 x w filt] bett] & m quickly ?an :5 hot wat] is us$4 ,,magnesium ,,orgeat ,,p[d]3 ,see ,salts1 ,eff]vesc5t4 ,,magnesium ,,fla%-,,light ,,p[d]s3 ,see ,photography4 ,,magnetic ,,curves ,,( ,,iron ,,fil+s1 ,,_! ,,fixation4 ,"o ( ! exp]im5ts made 9 e physical laboratory 9 tea*+ ! elem5ts ( magnetism & electricity is ! production ( ! magnetic curves by spr9kl+ iron fil+s ov] a glass plate1 aft] ! well-kn[n me?od4 ,= fix+ ^! curves s t !y may be pres]v$ indef9itely1 a plate ( glass is w>m$ on ! smoo? upp] surface ( a %all[ iron *e/ conta9+ wat] rais$ to a suitable temp]ature by means ( a _s-lamp4 ,a piece ( p>aff9e is plac$ on ! glass1 & 9 ! c\rse ( #c or #d m9utes spreads itself ev5ly 9 a ?9 lay] ov] ! surface4 ,! glass plate is remov$1 ! surplus p>aff9e runn+ (f4 ,! image is =m$ ) iron fil+s on ! cool$ p>aff9e1 :i* does n adh]e to ! iron1 s t if ! image is unsatisfactory ! fil+s may be remov$ & a new figure tak54 ,to fix ! curves1 ! plate ( glass is aga9 plac$ on ! w>m+ /ove4 ,f9ally1 ! surface ( ! p>aff9e is cov]$ ) :ite pa9t1 s t ! curves appe> black on a :ite gr\nd4 ,v well-def9$ figures may ?us be obta9$4 ,a simil> ?\gh mu* simpl] process consi/s 9 cov]+ "o surface ( /iff :ite pap] ) a lay] ( p>aff9e1 by w>m+ #dfe ov] an iron plate1 spread+ ! fil+s ov] ! cool$ surface1 & fix+ !m ) a hot iron or a gas flame4 ,,magnolia ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,mahogany3 ,see ,wood4 ,,malt$ ,,food3 ,see ,foods4 ,,malt$ ,,milk3 ,see ,milk4 ,,malt1 ,,hot3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,manganese ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,manganese ,,/eel3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,mange ,,cures3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,manicure ,,prep>ations3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,mantles4 ,^! are prep>$ aft] processes diff]+ slightly f "o ano!r1 b all bas$ on ! orig9al =mula ( ,welsba*--! impregnation ( vegetable fib]s ) c]ta9 m9]al oxides 9 solution1 dry+ out1 & arrang+ on plat9um wire4 ,lan?anum oxide #cj p>ts ,yttrium oxide #bj p>ts ,burnt magnesia #ej p>ts ,acetic acid #ej p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #ajj p>ts ,! salts are dissolv$ 9 ! wat]1 & to ! solution ano!r #aej p>ts ( di/ill$ wat] are add$ & ! :ole filt]$4 ,! vegetable fib] 79 its knitt$ or wov5 =m7 is impregnat$ ) ?is solution dri$1 & arrang$ on plat9um wire4 ,9 ! =mula ! acetic acid may be replac$ ) dilute nitric acid4 ,! latt] seems to h "s advantages ov] ! =m]1 among :i* is ! fact t ! residual a% :]e acetic acid is us$ has a t5d5cy to ball up & make a vitre\s residue1 :ile t ( ! nitric acid rema9s 9 p[d]y =m4 ,self-,ignit+ ,mantles4--,a fabric ( plat9um wire & cotton ?read is sew$ or wov5 into ! tissue ( ! inc&esc5t body2 next x is impregnat$ ) a solution ( ?orium salts & dri$4 ,! ?orium nitrate 9 gl[+ gives a v loose b nev]!less firepro( residue4 ,a mixture ( ?orium nitrate ) plat9ic *loride leaves aft] inc&esc5ce a fire-resi/+ sponge possess+ to a great ext5t ! prop]ty ( ignit+ gas mixtures conta9+ oxyg54 ,employ a mixture ( #a "p ( ?orium nitrate to #b #a_/b p>ts ( plat9ic *loride4 ,,manures3 ,see ,f]tiliz]s4 ,,manuscript ,,copy+3 ,see ,copy+4 ,,maple3 ,see ,wood4 ,,m>as*9o3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,m>ble ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,m>ble ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,m>ble ,,colors3 ,see ,/one4 ,,m>ble ,,et*+3 ,see ,et*+4 ,,m>ble1 ,,imitation3 ,see ,pla/]4 ,,m>ble1 ,,pa9t+ ,,on3 ,see ,pa9t+4 ,,m>ble ,,poli%+3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,m>bl+ ,,crayons3 ,see ,crayons4 ,,m>g]9e3 ,see ,butt]4 ,,m>k+ ,,fluid3 ,see also ,inks & ,et*+4 ,= lay+ out "w on /ructural iron or ca/+s a bett] way ?an *alk+ ! surface is to mix :it+ ) b5z9e or gasol9e to ! consi/5cy ( pa9t1 & !n apply x ) a bru%2 9 a few m9utes ! b5z9e or gasol9e w evaporate1 leav+ a :ite surface ready = scrib+ l9es4 ,,massage ,,applications3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,massage ,,soaps3 ,see ,soaps4 ,mat*es 7,see also ,phosphorus47 ,manufacture ( ,mat*es4--,ea* factory uses its own me?ods & *emical mixtures1 ?\gh1 9 a g5]al way ! latt] d n v>y greatly4 ,x is #dff impossible "h to give a full acc\nt ( ! diff]5t /eps ( manufacture1 & ( all ! precautions necess>y to turn out good1 m>ketable mat*es4 ,9 ! manufacture ( ! ord9>y safety mat*1 ! wood is fir/ comm9ut$ & r$uc$ to ! f9al %ape & !n /eep$ 9 a solution ( ammonium phosphate 7#b p] c5t ( ?is salt ) #a or #a #a_/b p] c5t ( phosphoric acid71 or 9 a solution ( ammonium sulphate 7#b #a_/b p] c5t71 !n dra9$ & dri$4 ,! object ( ?is application is to prev5t ! mat* f cont9u+ to gl[ aft] x has be5 burn$ out4 ,next ! mat*es are dipp$ into a p>aff9e or /e>9e ba?1 & aft] t into ! mat* ba? prop]1 :i* is be/ done by ma*9es con/ruct$ = ! purpose4 ,"h are a few =mulas3 ,i4--,potassium *lorate #b1jjj p>ts ,lead b9oxide #a1aej p>ts ,r$ lead #b1ejj p>ts ,antimony trisulphide #a1bej p>ts ,gum arabic #fgj p>ts ,p>aff9e #bej p>ts ,potassium bi*romate #a1cah p>ts ,directions3 ,see ,no4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4--,potassium *lorate #b1jjj p>ts ,lead b9oxide #b1aej p>ts ,r$ lead #b1ejj p>ts ,antimony trisulphide #a1bej p>ts ,gum arabic #fgj p>ts ,p>aff9e #bej p>ts ,rub ! p>aff9e & antimony trisulphide toge!r1 & !n add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,en\gh wat] is add$ to br+ ! mass to a prop] consi/5cy :5 heat$4 ,conduct heat+ op]ations on a wat] ba?4 ,! /icks are fir/ dipp$ 9 a solution ( p>aff9e 9 b5z9e & !n are dri$4 ,= /rik+ surfaces1 mix r$ phosphorus1 #i p>ts2 pulv]iz$ iron pyrites1 #g p>ts2 pulv]iz$ glass1 #c p>ts2 & gum arabic or glue1 #a "p1 ) wat]1 quantity suffici5t4 ,to make ! mat*es wat] or damp pro(1 employ glue in/ead ( gum arable 9 ! above =mula1 & conduct ! op]ations 9 a d>k5$ room4 ,= p>lor mat*es dry ! spl9ts & imm]se ! ends 9 melt$ /e>9e4 ,!n dip 9 ! foll[+ mixture & dry3 ,r$ phosphorus #c4j p>ts ,gum arabic or tragacan? #j4e p>ts ,wat] #c4j p>ts ,s& 7f9ely gr\nd7 #b4j p>ts ,lead b9oxide #b4j p>ts ,p]fume by dipp+ 9 a solution ( b5zoic acid4 ,,iii4--,m4 ,o4 ,l9dn]1 ( ,p>is1 has pat5t$ a mat* :i* may be light$ by friction ^u any surface :atev]1 & :i* possesses ! advantages ( be+ free f dang] & ( emitt+ no unpleasant odor4 ,! mixture into :i* ! spl9ts are fir/ dipp$ consi/s ( ,*lorate ( pota% #f p>ts ,sulphide ( antimony #b p>ts ,gum #a #a_/b p>ts ,p[d]$ clay #a #a_/b p>ts ,! inflammable comp\nd consi/s ( ,*lorate ( pota% #b to #c p>ts ,amorph\s phosphorus #f p>ts ,gum #a #a_/b p>ts ,anil9e #a #a_/b p>ts ,r$ or amorph\s is sub/itut$ = yell[ phosphorus 9 ! mat* heads4 ,! composition ( ! ignit+ pa/e is giv5 z foll[s3 ,by weight ,soak$ glue 7#a to #e ( wat]7 #cg4j p>ts ,p[d]$ glass #g4e p>ts ,:it+ #g4e p>ts ,amorph\s phosphorus 7pure7 #aj4j p>ts ,p>aff9e wax #d4j p>ts ,*lorate ( pota% #bg4j p>ts ,sug> or lampblack #g4j p>ts ,silicate ( soda may be sub/itut$ = ! glue1 bi*romate ( pota% add$ = damp climates1 & sulphur = l>ge mat*es4 ,! diff]5t compositions = tipp+ ! mat*es 9 use 9 diff]5t c\ntries & factories all consi/ ess5tially ( emulsions ( phosphorus 9 a solution ( glue or gum1 ) or )\t o!r matt]s = increas+ ! combu/ibility1 = color+1 etc4 ,i4--,engli%4--,f9e glue1 #b p>ts1 brok5 into small pieces1 & soak$ 9 wat] till q s(t1 is add$ to wat]1 #d p>ts1 & heat$ by means ( a wat] ba? until x is q fluid1 & at a temp]ature ( #bjj to #bab ,f4 ,! vessel is !n remov$ f ! fire1 & phosphorus1 #a #a_/b to #b p>ts1 is gradually add$1 ! mixture be+ agitat$ briskly & cont9ually ) a /irr] hav+ wood5 pegs or bri/les project+ at its l[] end4 ,:5 a uni=m emulsion is obta9$1 *lorate ( potassa1 #d to #e #dfg p>ts2 p[d]$ glass1 #c to #d p>ts2 & r$ lead1 smalt1 or o!r color+ matt]1 a suffici5t quantity 7all 9 a /ate ( v f9e p[d]71 are add$1 "o at a "t1 to prev5t accid5ts1 & ! /irr+ cont9u$ until ! mixture is comp>atively cool4 ,! above proportions are ^? ( ! be/ quality ( ,engli% composition4 ,! mat*es tipp$ ) x deflagrate ) a snapp+ noise4 ,,ii4--,g]man 7,bttg]74--,dissolve gum arabic1 #af p>ts1 9 ! lea/ possible quantity ( wat]2 add ( phosphorus 79 p[d]71 #i p>ts1 & mix by trituration4 ,!n add nit]1 #ad p>ts2 v]milion or b9oxide ( manganese1 #af p>ts1 & =m ! :ole into a pa/e z direct$ above4 ,into ?is ! mat*es are to be dipp$1 & !n expos$ to dry4 ,z soon z !y are q dry !y are to be dipp$ into v dilute copal v>ni% or lac v>ni%1 & aga9 expos$ to dry1 by :i* means !y are r5d]$ wat]pro(1 or at lea/ less likely to suff] f exposure 9 damp wea!r4 ,,iii4 7,bttg]47--,glue1 #f p>ts1 is soak$ 9 a little cold wat] = #bd h\rs1 aft] :i* x is liquefi$ by trituration 9 a heat$ mort>2 phosphorus1 #d p>ts1 is add$1 & rubb$ d[n at a heat n exce$+ #aej ,f42 nit] 79 f9e p[d]71 #aj p>ts1 is next mix$ 91 & aft]w>ds r$ o*]1 #e p>ts1 & smalt1 #b p>ts1 are fur!r add$1 & ! :ole =m$ into a uni=m pa/e1 into :i* ! mat*es are dipp$1 z be=e4 ,?is is *eap] ?an ! previ\s "o4 ,,iv4 7,diesel47--,phosphorus1 #ag p>ts2 glue1 #ba p>ts2 r$ lead1 #bd p>ts2 nit]1 #ch p>ts4 ,proce$ z above4 ,mat*es tipp$ ) ,,ii1 ,,iii1 or ,,iv1 inflame )\t fulm9ation :5 rubb$ aga9/ a r\gh surface1 & are h5ce t]m$ noiseless mat*es by ! mak]s4 ,safety ,pa/e = ,mat*es4--,! dang] ( explosion dur+ ! prep>ation ( mat* composition may be m9imiz$ by addition to ! pa/e ( ! foll[+ mixture3 ,f9ely p[d]$ cork1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 oxide ( iron1 #ae p>ts2 fl\r1 #bc p>ts2 & wat]1 ab\t #dj p>ts4 ,9 practice1 #cj p>ts ( gum arabic are dissolv$ 9 wat]1 #dj p>ts1 & to ! solution are add$ p[d]$ potassium *lorate1 #eg p>ts1 & :5 ?is is well di/ribut$1 amorph\s phosphorus1 #g p>ts1 & p[d]$ glass1 #ae p>ts1 are /irr$ 94 ,! above mixture is !n imm$iately introduc$1 & :5 mix+ is complete1 ! composition c be appli$ to wood5 /icks :i* ne$ n h be5 previ\sly dri$ or p>aff9$4 ,! head ( ! mat* is f9ally coat$ ) tall[1 :i* prev5ts atmosph]ic action & also spontane\s ignition4 ,mo/ *emi/s agree t ! greate/ improvem5t ( note 9 ! manufacture ( mat*es is t ( ,l&/rom1 ( ,jonkop+1 9 ,sw$54 ,x consi/s 9 divid+ ! +r$i5t ( ! mat* mixture into two sep>ate compositions1 "o be+ plac$ on ! ends ( ! spl9ts1 z usual1 & ! o!r1 :i* conta9s ! phosphorus1 be+ spread 9 a ?9 lay] ^u ! end or lid ( ! box4 ,! foll[+ are ! compositions us$3 7a7 ,= ! spl9ts3 ,*lorate ( potassa1 #f p>ts2 sulphuret ( antimony1 #b to #c p>ts2 glue1 #a "p4 7b7 ,= ! friction surface3 ,amorph\s phosphorus1 #aj p>ts2 sulphuret ( antimony or p]oxide ( manganese1 #h p>ts2 glue1 #c to #f p>ts2 spread ?9ly ^u ! surface1 :i* has be5 previ\sly made r\gh by a coat+ ( glue & s&4 ,by ?us divid+ ! composition ! dang] ( fire aris+ f ignition ( ! mat*es by accid5tal friction is avoid$1 z nei!r ! portion on ! spl9t nor t on ! box c be ignit$ by rubb+ aga9/ an unprep>$ surface4 ,aga91 by us+ ! innocu\s r$ or amorph\s phosphorus1 ! dang] ( poison+ is entirely prev5t$4 ,,mat* ,,m>ks ,,on ,,pa9t1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,mat* ,,phosphorus1 ,,sub/itute ,,=3 ,see ,phosphorus ,sub/itute4 ,matrix ,masses ,matrix = ,m$als1 ,co9s1 etc4--,i4--,%>p impressions ( co9s1 m$als1 etc41 are obta9$1 accord+ to ,bttg]1 ) ! foll[+3 ,mix molt51 ?9ly liquid sulphur ) an equal quantity ( infusorial e>?1 add+ "s graphite4 ,if a suffici5t quantity ( ?is mass1 made liquid ov] a flame1 is quickly appli$ ) a spatula or spoon on ! co91 etc41 an impression ( great %>pness is obta9$ aft] cool+1 :i* usually takes place promptly4 ,ow+ to ! addition ( graphite ! articles d n become dull or unsightly4 ,,ii4--,bronze & silv] m$als %\ld always be coat$ ) a sep>at+ grease lay]4 ,! :ole co9 is greas$ slightly & !n c>efully wip$ (f aga9 ) a little wadd+1 b 9 su* a mann] #dfh t a ?9 film ( grease rema9s on ! surface4 ,next1 a r+ ( /rong c>dbo>d or ?9 pa/ebo>d is plac$ ar\nd ! edge1 & ! ends are seal$ toge!r4 ,n[ /ir up a little gypsum 9 a small di% & put a teaspoonful ( x on ! surface ( :i* ! mold is to be tak51 di/ribut+ x c>efully ) a badg]'s-hair bru%1 ent]+ ! f9e/ cavities1 :i* op]ation w be assi/$ by bl[+ on x4 ,:5 ! object is cov]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( pla/] ( ,p>is1 ! pla/]1 :i* has mean:ile become some:at /iff]1 is p\r$ on1 s t ! ?ickness ( ! mold w be ab\t #a_/bj ( an in*4 ,! removal ( ! ca/ c be effect$ only aft] a "t1 :5 ! pla/] has become w>m1 has cool$ aga91 & has ?or\ghly h>d5$4 ,if x be attempt$ to remove ! ca/ f ! metal too e>ly & by ! use ( =ce1 f9e pieces are liable to break (f & rema9 adh]+ to ! model4 ,9 ord] to obta9 a positive mold f ! concave "o1 x is laid 9 wat] = a %ort "t1 s t x becomes saturat$ ) ! wat] x absorbs4 ,! dripp+1 wet mold is aga9 provid$ ) an edge1 & pla/] ( ,p>is is p\r$ on4 ,! latt] readily fl[s out on ! wet surface1 & only 9 r>e cases bli/]s w =m4 ,naturally ?is ca/+ me?od w furni% a surface ( pure gypsum1 :i* is n ! case if ! pla/] is p\r$ into a greas$ mold4 ,9 ?is case ! surface ( ! ca/ conta9s a soapy lay]1 = ! liquid pla/] =ms ) oil a subsequ5tly r h>d lime soap4 ,! fre%ly ca/ pla/] mu/ likewise be tak5 (f only :5 a qu>t] ( an h\r has elaps$1 aft] x has become heat$ & has cool$ aga94 ,,mats ,,= ,,metals3 ,see ,metals4 ,,matzoon4 ,add #b tablespoonfuls ( bak]s' yea/ to #a p9t ( ri* milk1 :i* has be5 slightly w>m$1 /irr+ well toge!r & sett+ aside 9 a w>m room 9 a pit*] cov]$ ) a wet clo? = a "t v>y+ f #f to #ab h\rs1 accord+ to ! season or temp]ature ( ! room4 ,take f ?is1 :5 curdl$1 #f tablespoonfuls1 add to ano!r p9t ( milk1 & aga9 f]m5t z be=e1 & cont9ue = five successive f]m5tations 9 all1 :5 ! product w h become free f ! ta/e ( ! yea/4 ,z soon z ! milk ?ick5s1 :i* is f9ally to be kept = use1 x %\ld be /irr$ aga9 & !n put into a refrig]ator to prev5t fur!r f]m5tation4 ,x %\ld be smoo?1 ( ! consi/5ce ( ?ick cream1 & ( a slightly acid ta/e4 ,! milk %\ld be prep>$ fre% e day1 & ! new supply is made by add+ #f tablespoonfuls ( ! previ\s day's lot to a p9t ( milk & proce$+ z be=e4 ,! curd is to be eat5 ) a spoon1 n drunk1 & pref]ably ) "s bread brok5 into x4 ,x is also sometimes eat5 ) sug>1 :i* is said n to impair its dige/ibility4 ,,may ,,w9e3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,mead4 ,9 its be/ =m ,mead is made z foll[s3 #ab gallons ( pure1 s(t wat] 7clean ra9 wat] is1 next to di/ill$ wat]1 be/7 are mix$ ) #cj gallons ( express$ honey 9 a big caldron1 #d ounces ( hops add$1 & ! :ole br\ght to a boil4 ,! boil+ is cont9u$ ) dilig5t skimm+1 = at lea/ an h\r & a half4 ,! fire is !n drawn1 & ! liquid all[$ to cool d[n sl[ly4 ,:5 cold1 x is drawn (f into a clean b>rel1 :i* x %\ld fill to ! bung1 ) a little ov]4 ,a p9t ( fre% w9e yea/ or f]m5t is add$1 & ! b>rel put 9 a mod]ately w>m place1 ) ! bung left out1 to f]m5t = f #h to #ad days1 accord+ to ! wea!r 7! w>m] x is ! %ort] ! p]iod occupi$ 9 ! prim>y or *ief f]m5tation74 ,e day ! foam escap+ f ! bung %\ld be c>efully skimm$ (f1 & e #b or #c days !re %\ld be add$ a little honey & wat] to keep ! b>rel q full1 & 9 ! meantime a pan or cup %\ld be inv]t$ ov] ! hole1 to keep out du/1 insects1 etc4 ,:5 f]m5tation ceases1 ! proc$ure v>ies4 ,"s m]ely drive 9 ! bung securely & let ! liquor /& = a few weeks1 !n bottle2 b ! be/ ,g]man mak]s proce$ z foll[s1 ?is be+ a f> sup]ior process3 ,! liquor is remov$ f ! b>rel 9 :i* x f]m5t$ to ano!r1 clean1 b>rel1 be+ /ra9$ ?r\gh a hairclo? sieve to prev5t ! admission ( ! old yea/4 ,a second portion ( yea/ is add$1 & ! liquid all[$ to pass ?r\gh ! second>y f]m5tation1 la/+ usually z long z ! fir/4 ,! bung is driv5 into ! b>rel1 ! liquid all[$ to /& a few days to settle ?or\ghly & !n drawn (f into bottles & /or$ 9 ! usual way4 ,"s add nutmeg1 c9namon1 etc41 prior to ! la/ f]m5tation4 #dfi ,,measures3 ,see ,weights & ,measures4 ,,measures1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,meat ,,extract ,,conta9+ ,,album53 ,see ,foods4 ,,meat ,,peptonoids3 ,see ,peptonoids4 ,,meat ,,pres]vatives3 ,see ,foods4 ,,meat ,,products 7,,adult]at$73 ,see ,foods4 ,,m$al ,,impressions3 ,see ,matrix ,mass4 ,,m$als1 ,,clean+ ,,& ,,pres]v+3 ,see ,clean+ ,comp\nds4 ,,m$allion ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,m$ic9e ,,doses3 ,see ,doses4 ,,me]s*aum3 ,to ,color a ,me]s*aum ,pipe4--,i4--,fill ! pipe & smoke d[n ab\t "o-?ird1 or to ! height to :i* y wi% to color4 ,leave ! rema9d] ( ! tobacco 9 ! pipe1 & d n empty or di/urb x = sev]al weeks1 or until ! desir$ color is obta9$4 ,:5 smok+ put fre% tobacco on ! top & smoke to ! same level4 ,a new pipe %\ld nev] be smok$ outdoors 9 extremely cold wea!r4 ,,ii4--,! pipe is boil$ 9 a prep>ation ( wax1 #h p>ts2 olive oil1 #b p>ts2 & nicot9e1 #a "p1 = #aj or #ae m9utes4 ,! pipe absorbs ?is1 & a ?9 coat+ ( wax is held on ! surface ( ! pipe1 & made to take a high poli%4 ,"u ! wax is reta9$ ! oil ( tobacco1 :i* is absorb$ by ! pipe2 & its hue gr[s d>k] 9 proportion to ! tobacco us$4 ,a me]s*aum pipe at fir/ %\ld be smok$ v sl[ly1 & be=e a second b[lful is light$ ! pipe %\ld cool (f4 ,?is is to keep ! wax z f> up on ! b[l z possible2 rapid smok+ w ov]heat1 driv+ ! wax (f & leav+ ! pipe dry & raw4 ,to ,repair ,me]s*aum ,pipes4--,to cem5t me]s*aum pipes1 make a glue ( f9ely p[d]$ & sift$ *alk & :ite ( egg4 ,put a little ( ?is glue on ! p>ts to be repair$ & hold !m press$ toge!r = a mom5t4 ,see also ,adhesives "u ,cem5ts4 ,to ,tell ,g5u9e ,me]s*aum4--,= ! purpose ( di/+ui%+ imitation me]s*aum f ! true article1 rub ) silv]4 ,if ! silv] leaves lead p5cil-l m>ks on ! mass1 x is n g5u9e b artificial me]s*aum4 ,if no su* l9es are produc$1 ! article is g5u9e4 ,,m5?ol ,,c\gh ,,drops3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,m5?ol ,,too? ,,p[d]3 ,see ,d5tifrices4 ,,m]cury ,,salves3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,m]cury ,,/a9s1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,metac>bol ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,metals & ,_! ,treatm5t ,,metal ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives & ,lutes4 ,,metal ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,metal ,,inlay+3 ,see ,damaske5+4 ,,metal ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,metal ,,protectives3 ,see ,ru/ ,prev5tives4 ,,metal ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,metals1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,atta* ,,to ,,rubb]3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,rubb] ,cem5ts4 ,,metals1 ,,secur+ ,,wood ,,to3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,metals1 ,,bright5+ ,,& ,,dead5+1 ,,by ,,dipp+3 ,bright5+ ,pickle4--,to bright5 articles by dipp+1 ! dipp+ liquid mu/ n be too hot1 o!rwise ! pickl$ surface turns dull2 nei!r mu/ x be prep>$ too ?91 nor mu/ wet articles be ent]$1 else only t>ni%$ surfaces w be obta9$4 ,= a burni%-dip any aqua =tis ov] #cc ,b41 i4 e41 possess+ a specific gravity ( #a4cj1 may be employ$4 ,x is advisable n to use highly conc5trat$ aqua =tis1 to r$uce ! dang] ( obta9+ matt "w4 ,x is important t ! quantity ( oil ( vitriol1 :i* is add$1 #dgj is correct4 ,x is add$ because ! action ( ! aqua =tis is v unc]ta94 ,)9 a %ort "t x becomes s heat$ 9 act+ on ! metals t x turns out only dull "w1 & pores or ev5 holes are apt to be ! result ( ! viol5t *emical action4 ,if ! aqua =tis is dilut$ ) wat] ! articles d n become bright1 b t>ni%4 ,= ?is reason sulphuric acid %\ld be us$4 ,?is does n attack ! metals2 x only dilutes ! aqua =tis & di/ributes ! heat g5]at$ 9 pickl+ ov] a l>g] space4 ,x is also mu* *eap]1 & x absorbs wat] f ! aqua =tis &1 !re=e1 keeps x 9 a conc5trat$ /ate & yet di/ribut$ ov] ! space4 ,9 ! case ( too mu* oil ( vitriol ! dilution becomes too great & ! goods are t>ni%$2 if too little is add$1 ! mixture soon ceases to turn out bright articles1 because ( ov]heat+4 ,on ?is exp]i5ce are bas$ ! =mulas giv5 bel[4 ,dip ! articles1 :i* mu/ be free f grease1 into ! pickle1 aft] !y h be5 ei!r anneal$ & qu5*$ 9 dilut$ sulphuric acid or wa%$ out ) b5z9e4 ,leave !m 9 ! dipp+ mixture until !y become cov]$ ) a gre5i% fro?4 ,!n quickly imm]se !m 9 a vessel conta9+ pl5ty ( wat]1 & wa% !m out well ) runn+ wat]4 ,be=e ent]+ ! dipp$ articles 9 ! ba?s x is well to remove all traces ( acid1 by pass+ !m ?r\gh a weak soda or potassium cyanide solution & wa%+ !m out aga94 ,if ! brightly dipp$ goods are to rema9 bright !y mu/ be coat$ ) a ?9 _s or zapon lacqu]4 ,foll[+ are two =mulas = ! pickle3 ,i4--,aqua =tis1 #cf ,b41 by weight #ajj p>ts ,oil ( vitriol 7sulphuric acid71 #ff ,b41 by weight #gj p>ts ,cook+ salt1 by volume #a #a_/b p>ts ,%9+ soot 7lampblack71 by volume #a #a_/b p>ts ,,ii4--,aqua =tis1 #dj ,b41 by weight #ajj p>ts ,oil ( vitriol1 #ff ,b41 by weight #ajj p>ts ,cook+ salt1 by volume #b p>ts ,%9+ soot1 by volume #b p>ts ,matt+ or ,dead5+ ,pickle4--,:51 in/ead ( brilliancy1 a matt$ appe>ance is desir$ = metals1 ! article is corrod$ ei!r me*anically or *emically4 ,9 ! fir/ case x is pi]c$ ) f9e holes ne> toge!r1 rubb$ ) em]y p[d] or pumice /one & tamponn$4 ,9 ! o!r case ! corrosion is effect$ 9 acid ba?s ?us compos$3 ,nitric acid ( #cf ,b41 #bjj p>ts1 by volume2 sulphuric acid ( #ef ,b41 #bjj p>ts1 by volume2 sea salt1 #a "p1 by volume2 z9c sulphate1 #a to #e p>ts1 by volume4 ,) ?is proportion ( acids ! articles c rema9 f #e to #bj m9utes 9 ! mixture cold2 ! prom95ce ( ! matt dep5ds on ! l5g? ( "t ( ! imm]sion4 ,! pieces on be+ tak5 f ! ba? h an e>?y appe>ance :i* is light5$ by dipp+ !m quickly 9 a bright5+ acid4 ,if left too long ! matt$ appe>ance is de/roy$4 ,cotton ,matt4--,?is matt1 ?us call$ on acc\nt ( its s(t %ade1 is r>ely employ$ except = articles ( /amp$ brass1 /atuettes1 or small objects4 ,z mu* z9c is dissolv$ 9 ! ba? z x w take4 ,! pieces are left 9 x f #ae to #cj m9utes4 ,on com+ f ! ba? !y are dull1 & to bright5 !m some:at !y are g5]ally dipp$ into acids z be=e describ$4 ,silv] ,matt4--,articles ( value = :i* gild+ is desir$ are matt$ by cov]+ !m ) a light coat+ ( silv] by ! batt]y4 ,x is kn[n t ?is deposit is always matt1 unless ! ba? conta9s too l>ge a quantity ( potassium cyanide4 ,a brilliant silv]+ c be regul>ly obta9$ ) electric ba?s only by add+ c>bon sulphide4 ,f\r dra*ms are put 9 an em]y flask conta9+ a qu>t ( ! ba? fluid & all[$ to re/ = #bd h\rs1 at ! end ( :i* a blacki% precipitate is =m$4 ,aft] decant+1 a qu>t is p\r$ into ! electric ba? = ea* qu>t be=e e op]ation ( silv]+4 ,dang]s ( ,dipp+4--,! op]ation ( dipp+ %\ld be c>ri$ out only 9 a place :]e ! escap+ fumes ( hyponitric acid & *lor9e c pass (f )\t mole/+ ! workm51 e4 g41 "u a well-draw+ *imney1 pref]ably 9 a vapor *amb]4 ,if su* an arrangem5t is n pres5t ! op]ator %\ld *oose a draughty place & protect himself f ! fumes by ty+ a wet sponge "u 8 nose4 ,! vapors are liable to produce v viol5t & dang]\s inflammations ( ! respiratory organs1 com+ on 9 a surpris+ly #dga quick mann] aft] "o has felt no previ\s injuri\s effect at all4 ,,color+ ,,metals3 ,see also ,plat+4 ,processes by ,oxidation4--,by heat3--,coloration ( ,/eel4--,! /eel1 heat$ uni=mly1 is cov]$ 9 ! air ) a pellicle ( oxide & has successively ! foll[+ colors3 ,/raw yell[1 blue 7#dhj to #egj ,f471 violet1 purple1 wat]-gre51 disappe>ance ( ! color2 la/ly ! /eel r$d5s4 ,= produc+ ! blue readily1 plunge ! object into a ba? ( #be p>ts ( lead & #a "p ( t92 its temp]ature is suffici5t = blu+ small pieces4 ,bronz+ ( ,/eel4--,i4--,! piece to be bronz$ is wet by ! use ( a sponge ) a solution =m$ ( iron p]*loride1 cupric sulphate1 & a nitric acid4 ,x is dri$ 9 a /ove at #hf ,f41 !n kept = #bj m9utes ov] boil+ wat]4 ,x is dri$ aga9 at #hf ,f41 & rubb$ ) a scrat* bru%4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ sev]al times4 ,bronz+ ( ,/eel4--,,ii4--,ru/ & grease are remov$ f ! objects ) a pa/e ( :it+ & soda4 ,!y are imm]s$ 9 a ba? ( dilute sulphuric acid1 & rubb$ ) v f9e pumice-/one p[d]4 ,!y are !n expos$ f #b to #c m9utes to ! vapor ( a mixture ( equal p>ts ( conc5trat$ *lorhydric & nitric acids4 ,! object is heat$ to #egj to #ffj ,f4 until ! bronze color appe>s4 ,:5 cool$1 x is cov]$ ) p>aff9e or vasel9e :ile rubb+1 & heat$ a second "t until ! vasel9e or p>aff9e comm5ces to decompose4 ,! op]ation is repeat$4 ,! %ades obta9$ are beautiful1 & ! bronz+ is n *angeable4 ,by subject+ ! object to ! vapors ( ! mixture ( *lorhydric & nitric acids1 %ades ( a light r$di% br[n are obta9$4 ,by add+ to ^! two acids acetic acid1 beautiful yell[ bronze t9ts are procur$4 ,by v>y+ ! proportion ( ^! ?ree acids1 all ! colors f light r$di% br[n to deep br[n1 or f light yell[ bronze to deep yell[ bronze1 are produc$ at w4 ,bronz+4--,,iii4--,"u ! "n ( ,tuk] bronze1 a color$ metal is f\nd 9 trade :i* imitates ornam5tal bronze p]fectly4 ,x is obta9$ by deoxidiz+ or1 if pref]r$1 by burni%+ ca/ iron4 ,a ?9 lay] ( l9se$ oil or ( l9se$-oil v>ni% is spread on4 ,x is heat$ at a temp]ature suffici5t = produc+ 9 ! op5 air ! oxidation ( ! metal4 ,! temp]ature is rais$ m or less1 accord+ z a simple yell[ coloration or a deep br[n is desir$4 ,lu/r\s ,black4--,9 a quantity ( oil ( turp5t9e1 sulphuric acid is p\r$ drop by drop1 /irr+ cont9ually until a precipitate is no long] =m$4 ,!n ! :ole is p\r$ into wat]1 %ak51 decant$1 & ! wa%+ ( ! precipitate comm5c$ aga9 until blue litmus pap] imm]s$ 9 ! wat] is no long] r$d5$4 ,! precipitate w ?us be completely fre$ f acid4 ,aft] hav+ dra9$ x on a clo?1 x is ready = use4 ,x is spread on ! iron & burn$ at ! fire4 ,if ! precipitate spreads ) difficulty ov] ! metal1 a little turp5t9e c be add$4 ,x is aft]w>ds rubb$ ) a l95 rag1 soak$ ) l9se$ oil1 until ! surface assumes a beautiful lu/r\s black4 ,?is cov]+ is n liable to be deta*$4 ,blui% ,black4--,make a solution compos$ ( nitric acid1 #ae p>ts2 cupric sulphate1 #h p>ts2 alcohol1 #bj p>ts2 & wat]1 #abe p>ts4 ,spread ov] ! metal :5 well clean$ & grease remov$4 ,dry & rub ) l95 rag4 ,black4--,make a solution compos$ ( cupric sulphate1 #hj p>ts2 alcohol1 #dj p>ts2 f]ric *loride1 #cj p>ts2 nitric acid1 #bj p>ts2 e!r1 #bj p>ts2 wat]1 #djj to #ejj p>ts1 & pass ov] ! object to be black5$4 ,magnetic ,oxide4--,i4--,a coat+ ( magnetic oxide pres]ves f ru/4 ,to obta9 x1 heat ! object 9 a furnace to a temp]ature suffici5t to decompose /eam4 ,!n inject f #d to #f h\rs sup]heat$ /eam at #a1ajj ,f4 ,! ?ickness ( ! lay] ( oxide =m$ v>ies ) ! duration ( ! op]ation4 ,?is process may replace z9ck+1 enamel+1 or t9n+4 ,,ii4--,a deposit ( magnetic oxide may be obta9$ by electrolysis4 ,! iron object is plac$ at ! anode 9 a ba? ( di/ill$ wat] heat$ to #agf ,f4 ,! ca?ode is a plate ( copp]1 or ! vessel itself if x is ( iron or copp]4 ,by electrolysis a lay] ( magnetic oxide is =m$4 ,9 ! same way o!r p]oxides may be deposit$4 ,) an alkal9e solution ( li?>ge a brilliant black deposit ( lead p]oxide1 v adh]5t1 is obta9$4 ,! employm5t ( too /rong a curr5t mu/ be avoid$4 ,x w produce a pulv]ul5t deposit4 ,to obta9 a good coat+1 x is necess>y aft] leav+ ! objects = a mom5t at ! opposite #dgb pole1 to place !m at ! o!r pole until ! outside is completely r$uc$1 !n br+ !m back to ! fir/ place4 ,processes by ,sulphuration4--,oxidiz$ ,br[n ,color4--,! object is plung$ into "s melt$ sulphur m+l$ ) lampblack1 or into a liquid conta9+ ! fl[]s ( sulphur m+l$ ) lampblack4 ,x is dra9$ & dri$4 ,! bronz+ obta9$ resi/s acids1 & may acquire a beautiful poli% :i* has ! appe>ance ( oxidiz$ bronze1 due p]haps to ! =mation ( f]ric sulphide1 a sort ( pyrites rem>kable = its beautiful metallic reflections & its resi/ance to *emical ag5ts4 ,brilliant ,black4--,boil #a "p ( sulphur & #aj p>ts turp5t9e oil4 ,a sulphur\s oil is obta9$ ( disagreeable odor4 ,spread ?is oil ) ! bru% z lightly z possible1 & heat ! object 9 ! flame ( an alcohol lamp until ! pat9a takes ! t9t desir$4 ,?is process produces on iron & /eel a brilliant black pat9a1 :i* is extremely solid4 ,blue4--,dissolve #ejj dra*ms ( hyposulphite ( soda 9 #a qu>t ( wat]1 & #ce gra9s ( lead acetate 9 #a qu>t ( wat]4 ,! two solutions m+l$ are heat$ to ! boil+ po9t4 ,! iron is imm]s$1 & assumes a blue coloration simil> to t obta9$ by anneal+4 ,deposit ( a ,metal or ( a ,non-,oxidizable ,comp\nd4--,bronze ,color4--,rub ! iron sm>tly ) *loride ( antimony4 ,a s+le op]ation is n suffici5t4 ,x is necess>y to repeat x1 heat+ ! object slightly4 ,black4--,i4--,make a pa/e compos$ ( equal p>ts ( *loride ( antimony & l9se$ oil4 ,spread on ! object1 previ\sly heat$1 ) a bru% or rag2 !n pass ov] x a coat+ ( wax & bru% x4 ,f9ally v>ni% ) gum lac4 ,,ii4--,prep>e a solution ( bismu? *loride1 #aj p>ts2 m]cury *loride1 #bj p>ts2 cupric *loride1 #aj p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #fj p>ts2 alcohol1 #ej p>ts2 wat]1 #ejj p>ts4 ,add fu*s9e 9 suffici5t quantity to mask ! color4 ,! m]cury *loride is p\r$ into ! hydro*loric acid1 & ! bismu? *loride & cupric *loride add$2 !n ! alcohol4 ,employ ?is mixture ) a bru% or a rag = sme>+ ! object4 ,! object may also be imm]s$ 9 ! liquid if x is well clean$ & free f grease4 ,x is dri$ & aft]w>ds submitt$ to boil+ wat] = half an h\r4 ,! op]ation is repeat$ until ! wi%$-= t9t is obta9$2 !n ! object is pass$ into ! oil ba? & tak5 to ! fire )\t wip+4 ,! object may also be plac$ = #aj m9utes 9 boil+ l9se$ oil4 ,br[n ,t9t4--,a solution is made ( *loride ( m]cury1 #bj p>ts2 cupric *loride1 #aj p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #fj p>ts2 alcohol1 #ej p>ts2 wat]1 #ejj p>ts4 ,! object is plung$ into ?is solution aft] be+ well clean$4 ,! solution may also be appli$ ) a bru%1 giv+ two coats4 ,x is aft]w>ds put into hot wat]4 ,! surface ( ! object is cov]$ ) a uni=m lay] ( vegetable oil4 ,x is plac$ 9 a furnace at a high temp]ature1 b n suffici5t = c>boniz+ ! oil4 ,! iron is cov]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( br[n oxide1 :i* adh]es /rongly to ! metal1 & :i* c be beautifully burni%$1 produc+ ! appe>ance ( bronze4 ,brilliant ,black4--,! process beg9s by deposit+ on ! object1 p]fectly clean & free f grease1 a lay] ( metallic copp]4 ,= ?is purpose ! foll[+ solutions are prep>$3 7a7 ,cupric sulphate1 #a "p2 wat]1 #af p>ts4 ,add ammonia until complete dissolution4 7b7 ,*loride ( t91 #a "p2 wat]1 #b p>ts2 & *lorhydric acid1 #b p>ts4 ,! object is imm]s$ 9 solution b1 & aft]w>ds 9 solution a4 ,9 ?is way !re is deposit$ on ! iron a v adh]5t coat+ ( copp]4 ,! object1 wa%$ ) wat]1 is aft]w>ds rubb$ ) sulphur1 or imm]s$ 9 a solution ( ammonium sulphhydrate4 ,a dull black coat+ ( cupric sulphide is produc$1 :i* becomes a brilliant black by burni%+4 ,blue ,black4--,! iron object is fir/ heat$ accord+ to ! previ\s recipe1 b ! copp] is conv]t$ into cupric sulphide1 n by a sulphhydrate1 b by a hyposulphite4 ,x is suffici5t to dip ! copp]$ object into a solution ( sodium hyposulphite1 acidulat$ ) *lorhydric acid1 & rais$ to ! temp]ature ( #age to #aie ,f4 ,?us a blue-black coat+ is obta9$1 un*angeable 9 air & 9 wat]4 ,aft] poli%+1 x has ! color ( blue /eel4 ,x adh]es /rongly en\gh to resi/ ! action ( ! scrat* bru%4 ,deposition ( ,molybd5um4--,iron is pres]v$ f ru/ by cov]+ x ) a coat+ ( molybd5um1 z foll[s3 ,wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts2 ammonium molybdate1 #a "p2 ammonium nitrate1 #ae to #bj p>ts4 ,susp5d ! object at ! negative pole ( a batt]y4 ,! curr5t ought to h a /r5g? ( #b to #e amp]es p] cubic decimet]4 ,deposit ( ,manganese ,p]oxide4--,! #dgc iron or /eel is fir/ cov]$ ) a coat+ ( manganese p]oxide by imm]s+ z an anode 9 a ba? conta9+ ab\t #j4je p] c5t ( *loride or sulphate ( manganese & f #e to #be p] c5t ( ammonium nitrate4 ,! ba? is electrolyz$ cold1 mak+ use ( a ca?ode ( *>coal4 ,feeble curr5ts 7#a or #b amp]es7 produce an adh]5t & un*angeable deposit4 ,bronz+ ( ,cannon4--,prep>e a solution ( f]ric *loride ( d5sity #a4bha1 #ad p>ts2 m]cury *loride1 #c p>ts2 fum+ nitric acid1 #c p>ts2 cupric sulphate1 #c p>ts2 wat]1 #hj p>ts4 ,give to ! piece ( ordnance #b or #c coat+s ( ! solution1 tak+ c>e always to scrat* ! prec$+ lay] ) a /eel bru% be=e spread+ ! second4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! object is plung$ 9 a solution ( potassium sulphide 9 #ijj p>ts ( wat]4 ,x is left 9 ?is = #aj days4 ,x is remov$ by wa%+ ) soap & hot wat]4 ,! object is r9s$1 dri$1 & f9ally bru%$ ) l9se$-oil v>ni%4 ,gre5 ,bronz+4--,dissolve #a "p ( acetate ( silv] 9 #bj p>ts ( ess5ce ( lav5d]2 coat ! surface ( iron ) ?is liquid by means ( a bru% & raise ! temp]ature to #bib ,f4 ,a brilliant gre5 color is develop$ on ! surface4 ,coat+ on ,/eel ,imitat+ ,gild+4--,! object is fir/ cov]$ by ! galvanic me?od by means ( a solution ( cyanide ( copp] & potassium1 !n cov]$ electrolytically ) a ?9 deposit ( z9c4 ,x is dri$ & clean$ ) a little wa%$ *alk & f9ally imm]s$ 9 boil+ l9se$ oil4 ,! surface ( ! piece aft] a few seconds1 at a temp]ature ( #caj ,f41 appe>s z if !re _h be5 a real p5etration ( copp] & z9c2 t is to say1 z ?\gh !re 7 a =mation ( tombac4 ,bronz+ ( ,ca/ ,iron4--,! piece1 :5 scrap$1 is copp]$ ) ! foll[+ ba?3 ,cupric *loride1 #aj p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #hj p>ts2 nitric acid1 #aj p>ts4 ,x is rubb$ ) a rag & wa%$ ) pure wat]1 & !n rubb$ ) ! foll[+ solution3 ,ammonium *lorhydrate1 #d p>ts2 oxalic acid1 #a "p2 wat]1 #cj p>ts4 ,gild+ ( ,iron & ,/eel4--,*loride ( gold is dissolv$ ei!r 9 oil ( turp5t9e or 9 e!r1 & ?is solution is appli$ ) ! bru% on ! metallic surface1 aft] be+ p]fectly scrap$4 ,x is all[$ to dry1 & !n heat$ m or less /rongly = obta9+ ! necess>y adh]5ce4 ,:5 x is dry ! gild+ is burni%$4 ,process by ,deposit ( a ,color or ,v>ni%4--,beautiful colorations1 resi/ive to light1 may be giv5 to metals by ! foll[+ me?od3 ,! metallic objects are imm]s$ 9 a colorless v>ni% ) pyroxyl9e1 & dri$ 9 a curr5t ( hot air at #agf ,f4 ,:5 ! v>ni% is suffici5tly dry1 ! objects are ba!d = a few m9utes 9 a #b p] c5t alcoholic solution ( aliz>9e or ( a color ( ! same gr\p4 ,by wa%+ ) wat] ! yell[i% color cov]+ ! object on com+ f ! color+ ba? passes to ! gold5 r$4 ,color+ ,copp]4--,to r$d5 copp] hang x f a few m9utes to an h\r1 accord+ to ! %ade want$1 9 a #e to #aj p] c5t solution ( f]rocyanide ( potassium 9 wat]4 ,by add+ a little hydro*loric acid to ! solution ! color giv5 to ! copp] may be made to assume a purple %ade4 ,on remov+ ! copp]1 dry x 9 ! air or 9 f9e sawdu/1 r9se1 & poli% ) a bru% or *amois lea!r1 aft] dry+ x aga94 ,color+ ,brass4--,to r$d5 brass1 dip 9 solution ( #e ounces ( sulphate ( copp] & #f to #g ounces ( p]manganate ( pota% 9 #ejj ounces ( wat]4 ,to blue copp] or brass any "o ( ! foll[+ recipes may be us$3 ,i4--,dip ! article 9 a solution ( #b ounces ( liv] ( sulphur & #b ounces ( *lorate soda 9 #a1jjj ounces ( wat]4 ,,ii4--,dip ! article 9 a solution ( f]rocyanide ( potassium v /rongly acidulat$ ) hydro*loric acid4 ,,iii4--,/ir ! article ab\t con/antly 9 a solution ( liv] ( sulphur 9 #ej times its weight ( wat]4 ,fusion ,po9t ( ,metals4--,! po9t ( fusion ( common metals is z foll[s3 ,antimony1 #hjh ,f42 alum9um1 #a1afj ,f42 bismu?1 #eag ,f42 copp]1 #a1ica ,f42 gold1 #a1iac ,f42 iron1 #b1iab ,f42 lead1 #hej ,f42 nickel1 #b1fdb ,f42 plat9um1 #c1bbe ,f42 silv]1 #a1gej ,f42 t91 #eea ,f42 z9c1 #hab ,f4 ,m]cury1 :i* is normally fluid1 congeals at #ch bel[ z]o1 ,f41 ?is be+ its po9t ( fusion4 ,to ,produce ,f9e ,leaves ( ,metal4--,! metal plate is laid betwe5 p>*m5t leaves & beat5 out ) hamm]s4 ,al?\gh films obta9$ 9 ?is mann] rea* a high degree ( f95ess1 yet ! me*anical production has its limit4 ,if v f9e films are desir$ ! galvano-pla/ic precipitation is employ$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,a ?9 %eet ( poli%$ copp] is ent]$ 9 ! ba? & connect$ ) ! #dgd electric conduit4 ,! curr5t precipitates gold on x4 ,9 ord] to loos5 x1 ! gilt copp] plate is plac$ 9 a solution ( f]ric *loride1 :i* dissolves ! copp] & leaves ! gold beh9d4 ,9 ?is mann] gold leaf c be hamm]$ out to almo/ incr$ible ?9ness4 ,,metal ,,foil4 ,t9 foil is ! mo/ common foil us$1 be+ a comb9ation ( t91 lead1 & copp]1 sometimes ) prop]ties ( o!r metals4 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,t9 #ig4fj #ih4dg #if4ba ,copp] #b4aa #j4ch #j4ie ,lead #j4jd #j4hd #b4da ,iron #j4aa #j4ab #j4ji ,nickel -- -- #j4cj ,i is a mirror foil2 ,,iii is a t9 foil4 ,t9 ,foils = ,capsules4-- ,i ,,ii ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,t9 #bj #bb ,lead #hj #gg ,copp] -- #a ,t9 ,foils = ,wrapp+ ,*eese1 etc4-- ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,t9 #ig #ij #ib ,lead #b4e #g4h #g ,copp] #j4e #j4b #a ,t9 ,foils1 = ,f9e ,wrapp+1 ,i & ,,ii2 = ,tea ,boxes1 ,,iii4-- ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,t9 #fj #fe #dj ,lead #dj #ce #eh4e ,copp] -- -- #a4e ,imitation ,gold ,foils4-- ,deep gold ,pure gold ,pale gold ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,copp] #hd4e #gh #gf ,z9c #ae4e #bb #ad ,deep gold ,deep gold ,gold ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,p] c5t ,copp] #ia #hf #hc ,z9c #i #ad #ag d>k pale r$di% yell[ yell[ ,imitation ,silv] ,foil4--,alloy ( t9 & z9c3 h>d] ?an t9 & s(t] ?an z9c3 ,z9c1 #a "p2 t91 #aa p>ts4 ,to ,atta* ,gold ,leaf ,p]man5tly4--,dissolve f9ely cut is+lass 9 a little wat]1 ) mod]ate heat1 :i* mu/ n be increas$ to a boil1 & add z mu* nitric acid z has be5 us$ ( ! is+lass4 ,! adhesive w n p5etrate ! c>dbo>d or pap]4 ,,me?3 ,see ,mead4 ,,me!gl93 ,see ,mead4 ,,me?yl ,,salicylate1 ,,to ,,di/+ui% ,,f ,,oil ,,( ,,w9t]gre53 ,see ,w9t]gre54 ,,metol ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,metric ,,weights3 ,see ,weights & ,measures4 ,,mice ,,poison3 ,see ,rat ,poison4 ,,microphotographs3 ,see ,photography4 ,,milk3 ,see also ,foods4 ,det]m9+ ,cream4--,an app>atus = det]m9+ cream 9 milk consi/s ( a glass cyl9d] hav+ a m>k ab\t half its height1 & a second m>k a little above ! fir/4 ,! milk is add$ up to ! l[] m>k1 & wat] up to ! second4 ,! am\nt ( wat] ?us add$ is ab\t "o-f\r? ! volume ( ! milk1 & causes ! cream to rise m quickly4 ,! tube is graduat$ betwe5 ! two m>ks 9 p]c5tages ( cream on ! undilut$ milk4 ,a v]tical blue /rip 9 ! side ( ! cyl9d] aids ! read+ ( ! m5iscus4 ,=maldehyde 9 ,milk1 ,detection (4--,to #aj p>ts ( milk add #a "p ( fu*s9e sulphur\s acid4 ,all[ to /& #e m9utes1 !n add #b p>ts ( pure hydro*loric acid & %ake4 ,if =maldehyde is n pres5t1 ! mixture rema9s yell[i% :ite1 :ile if pres5t a blue-violet color is produc$4 ,?is te/ w detect #a gra9 ( anhydr\s =maldehyde 9 #a qu>t ( milk4 ,malt$ ,milk4--,to malt milk1 add ! foll[+3 ,p[d]$ malt #a ounce ,p[d]$ oat meal #b ounces ,sug> ( milk #d ounces ,roa/$ fl\r #a p\nd ,milk ,extracts4--,^! are made f skimm$ milk fre$ f case91 sug> & album51 & resemble meat extracts4 ,! milk is slightly acidulat$ ) phosphoric or hydro*loric acid1 & evaporat$ 9 vacuo to ! #dge consi/5cy ( ?ick syrup4 ,dur+ ! cry/allization ( ! sug>1 ! liquid is /]iliz$4 ,modification ( ,milk = ,infants4--,= an ill *ild note ! p]c5tages ( milk tak52 decide1 if indige/ion is pres5t1 :i* +r$i5t ( ! milk1 fat or proteid1 or bo?1 is at fault1 & make =mula accord+ly4 ,aft] all[+ ! milk to /& #h h\rs1 remove ! top #h ounces f a qu>t j> ( #d p] c5t fat milk by means ( a dipp]1 & c\nt ?is z #ab p] c5t fat cream4 ,c\nt ! l[e/ #h ounces ( ! qu>t fat-free milk4 ,f ^! ! foll[+ =mula may be obta9$1 cov]+ fairly well ! diff]5t p]c5tages requir$ = ! diff]5t p]iods ( life4 ,fir/ ,week4 #ab p] c5t cream4 ,fat-free milk4 ,fat #b4jj ,cream #c #a_/d oz4 ,sug> #e4jj ,milk #a #a_/b oz4 ,proteids #j4ge ,milk sug> #b meas4 ,second ,week4 ,fat #b4ej ,cream #d #a_/d oz4 ,sug> #f4jj ,milk #a #a_/d oz4 ,proteids #a4jj ,milk sug> #b #a_/b meas4 ,?ird ,week4 ,fat #c4jj ,cream #e oz4 ,sug> #f4jj ,milk #a oz4 ,proteids #a4jj ,milk sug> #b #a_/b meas4 ,f\r to ,six ,weeks4 ,fat #c4ej ,cream #e #c_/d oz4 ,sug> #f4ej ,milk #a #c_/d oz4 ,proteids #a4jj ,milk sug> #b #a_/b meas4 ,six to ,eight ,weeks4 ,fat #c4ej ,cream #e #c_/d oz4 ,sug> #f4ej ,milk #c #a_/d oz4 ,proteids #a4ej ,milk sug> #b #a_/d meas4 ,two to ,f\r ,mon?s4 ,fat #d4jj ,cream #f #c_/d oz4 ,sug> #g4jj ,milk #b #a_/d oz4 ,proteids #a4ej ,milk sug> #b #a_/b meas4 ,f\r to ,eight ,mon?s4 ,fat #d4jj ,cream #f #c_/d oz4 ,sug> #g4jj ,milk #d #c_/d oz4 ,proteids #b4jj ,milk sug> #b #a_/d meas4 ,eight to ,n9e ,mon?s4 ,fat #d4jj ,cream #f #c_/d oz4 ,sug> #g4jj ,milk #g #a_/b oz4 ,proteids #b4ej ,milk sug> #b meas4 ,n9e to ,t5 ,mon?s4 ,fat #d4jj ,cream #f #c_/d oz4 ,sug> #g4jj ,milk #aj #a_/b oz4 ,proteids #c4jj ,milk sug> #a #a_/b meas4 ,t5 to ,twelve ,mon?s4 ,fat #d4jj ,cream #f #c_/d oz4 ,sug> #e4jj ,milk #aa #c_/d oz4 ,proteids #c4ej ,milk sug> #a_/b meas4 ,aft] ,twelve ,mon?s4 ,unmodifi$ c['s milk4 ,pres]vation ( ,milk 7see also ,foods74--,i4--,%ortly aft] ! milk is /ra9$ add to x f #a p] c5t to #b p] c5t ( a #ab-volume solution ( hydrog5 p]oxide1 & set x aside = #aj to #ab h\rs4 ,x ?us acquires ! prop]ty ( keep+ p]fectly sweet & fre% = #c or #d days1 & is f> pref]able to milk /]iliz$ by heat4 ,two po9ts are wor?y ( notice 9 ! process4 ,! addition ( oxyg5at$ wat] %\ld be made z soon aft] x is tak5 f ! c[1 /ra9$1 etc41 z possible2 ! p]oxide appe>s to de/roy in/antly all anarobic microbes 7su* z ! bacillus ( gre5 di>rhea ( *ildhood71 b has no effect ^u ! bacillus ( tub]culosis4 ,?is process is to be especially recomm5d$ 9 ! heat ( summ]1 & at all times 9 ! milk ( cattle kn[n to be free ( tub]culosis4 ,,ii4--,fre% milk 9 bottles has be5 treat$ ) oxyg5 & c>bonic acid "u pressure ( "s atmosph]es4 ,by ?is me?od x is said to be possible to pres]ve milk fre% #ej to #fj days4 ,! con/ruction ( ! bottle is siphon-l4 ,milk ,sub/itute4--,diamalt is a ?ick syrupy mass ( pleasant1 /rong1 some:at s\ri% odor & sweeti% ta/e1 :i* is (f]$ z a sub/itute = milk4 ,! prep>ation has be5 analyz$4 ,its specific gravity is #a4dhbf2 ! p]c5tage ( wat] fluctuates betwe5 #bd & #bh p] c5t2 ! am\nt ( a% is #a4c p] c5t4 ,!re are pres5t3 ,lactic acid1 #j4gah to #a4ea2 nitrog5\s matt]1 #d4fh to #e4jf p] c5t2 & con/itu5ts ri* 9 nitrog51 ab\t #fh p] c5t4 ,! latt] consi/ pr9cipally ( maltose4 ,dissolv$ 9 wat] x =ms a gre5i%-yell[ mixture4 ,turbidness is caus$ by />* gra9s1 yea/ cells1 bact]ia1 & a %apeless coagulum4 ,,milk ,,z ,a ,,sub/itute ,,= ,,celluloid1 ,,bone1 ,,& ,,ivory3 ,see ,case94 ,,milk1 ,,cucumb]3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,milk ,,( ,,soap3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods4 ,,m9>g5t3 ,see ,alloys4 #dgf ,,m9]al ,,wat]s3 ,see ,wat]s4 ,,m9(or ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,m9t ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,mirrors 7,see also ,glass47 ,mirror ,silv]+4--,mirror silv]+ is sometimes a misnom]1 inasmu* z ! coat+ appli$ to glass 9 ! manufacture ( mirrors does n always conta9 silv]4 ,9 =mula ,i x is an amalgam ( m]cury & t94 ,i4--,a %eet ( pure t9 foil1 slightly l>g] ?an ! glass plate to be silv]$1 is spread ev5ly on a p]fectly plane /one table hav+ a rais$ edge1 & is well clean$ f all du/ & impurity4 ,! foil mu/ be free f ! slighte/ flaw or crack4 ,! t9 is next cov]$ uni=mly to a dep? ( #a_/h ( an in* ) m]cury1 pref]5ce be+ giv5 by "s to t conta9+ a small proportion ( t9 f a previ\s op]ation4 ,! glass plate1 fre$ f all du/ or grease1 & repoli%$ if necess>y1 is !n c>efully slid ov] ! m]cury4 ,?is "p ( ! "w requires skill & exp]i5ce to exclude all air bubbles1 & ev5 ! be/ workm5 are n successful e "t4 ,if !re is a s+le bubble or scrat* ! op]ation mu/ be repeat$ & ! t9 foil is lo/2 n a small exp5se = l>ge sizes4 ,:5 ?is /ep has be5 satisfactorily accompli%$ ! rema9d] is easy4 ,! glass plate is load$ ) heavy weights to press out ! excess ( m]cury :i* is collect$ & is us$ aga94 ,aft] #bd h\rs ! mirror is lift$ f ! table & plac$ on edge aga9/ a wall1 :]e x is left to dra9 well4 ,,ii4--,solution ,no4 #a is compos$ z foll[s3 ,to #h ounces ( di/ill$ wat]1 br\ght to a boil1 add #ab gra9s ( silv] nitrate & #ab gra9s ( ,ro*elle salts4 ,let x come to a boil = #f to #g m9utes2 !n cool & filt]4 ,solution ,no4 #b is made z foll[s3 ,take #h ounces ( di/ill$ wat]1 & into a small quantity p\r$ into a tumbl] put #ai gra9s ( silv] nitrate4 ,/ir well until dissolv$4 ,!n add sev]al drops ( #bf ammonia until ! solution becomes cle>4 ,add #af gra9s m ( nitrate ( silv]1 /irr+ well until dissolv$4 ,add balance ( di/ill$ wat] & filt]4 ,! filt]+ mu/ be done ?r\gh a glass funnel1 9 :i* ! filt] pap] is plac$4 ,! solution mu/ be /irr$ ) a glass rod4 ,keep ! solutions 9 sep>ate bottles m>k$ ,no4 #a & ,no4 #b4 ,directions = ,silv]+3 ,clean ! glass ) ammonia & wipe ) a wet *amois4 ,!n take half & half ( ! two solutions 9 a graduat+ glass1 /irr+ well ) a glass rod4 ,p\r ! cont5ts on ! middle ( ! glass to be silv]$4 ,x w spread ov] ! surface ( itself if ! glass is laid flat4 ,leave x until ! solution precipitates4 ,silv]+ ,globes4--,! insides ( globes may be silv]$1 x is said1 by ! foll[+ me?ods3 ,i4--,take #a_/c ounce ( clean lead1 & melt x ) an equal weight ( pure t92 !n imm$iately add #a_/b ounce ( bismu?1 & c>efully skim (f ! dross2 remove ! alloy f ! fire1 & be=e x gr[s cold add #e ounces ( m]cury1 & /ir ! :ole well toge!r2 !n put ! fluid amalgam into a clean glass1 & x is fit = use4 ,:5 ?is amalgam is us$ = silv]+1 x %\ld be fir/ /ra9$ ?r\gh a l95 rag2 !n g5tly p\r "s ounces ( x into ! globe int5d$ to be silv]$2 ! alloy %\ld be p\r$ into ! globe by means ( a pap] or glass funnel rea*+ almo/ to ! bottom ( ! globe1 to prev5t x spla%+ ! sides2 ! globe %\ld be turn$ e way v sl[ly1 to fa/5 ! silv]+4 ,,ii4--,make an alloy ( #c ounces ( lead1 #b ounces ( t91 & #e ounces ( bismu?4 ,put a portion ( ?is alloy into ! globe & expose x to a g5tle heat until ! comp\nd is melt$2 x melts at #aig ,f42 !n by turn+ ! globe sl[ly r\nd1 an equal coat+ may be laid on1 :i*1 :5 cold1 h>d5s & firmly adh]es4 ,resilv]+ ,mirrors--,if mirrors coat$ ) amalgam become damag$ !y may sometimes be successfully repair$ by "o ( ! foll[+ processes3 ,i4--,place ! old mirror 9 a weak solution ( nitric acid--say #e p] c5t--:i* imm$iately removes ! silv]4 ,r9se x a little1 & !n clean v ?or\ghly ) a pl$get ( cotton-wool & a mixture ( :it+ & ammonia4 ,r\ge w answ] 9 place ( :it+1 or1 z a la/ extreme1 f9e/ levigat$ pumice1 fir/ appli$ to a wa/e glass to cru% d[n any possible grit4 ,?is clean+ is ( ! utmo/ importance1 z ^u its ?or\ghness dep5ds ev5tual success4 ,front1 back1 & edges mu/ alike be left 9 a /ate above suspicion4 ,! #dgg plate is !n aga9 fl[$ ) weak acid1 r9s$ "u ! tap1 !n fl[$ back & front ) di/ill$ wat]1 & kept imm]s$ 9 a glass-cov]$ di% ( di/ill$ wat] until ! solutions are ready4 ,! deposit+ vessel is ! next consid]ation1 & x %\ld be realiz$ t unless mo/ ( ! silv] 9 ! solution f9ds its way on to ! face ( ! mirror x 7 *eap] t ! glass %\ld be s5t to ! pr(essional mirror-mak]4 ,! be/ plan is to use a glass di% all[+ a #a_/af in* m>g9 all r\nd ! mirror1 inside4 ,b su* a glass di% is exp5sive1 hav+ to be made specially1 !re be+ no regul> sizes ne> en\gh to #d x #g or #h x #e 7usual mirror sizes74 ,if too l>ge1 a di% mu/ p]=ce be us$1 ! sides or ends ( :i* %\ld be fill$ up ) seal+ wax4 ,f\r /rips ( glass are tempor>ily b\nd toge!r ) #b or #c turns ( /r+1 s z to =m a holl[ squ>e4 ,! side pieces are #a_/h in* long] outside1 & ! end pieces #a_/h in* wid] ?an ! mirror glass4 ,?is frame is plac$ 9 ab\t ! c5t] ( ! di%1 moi/5$ ) glyc]9e1 & ! molt5 wax fl[$ outside ( x to a dep? ( ab\t #c_/d ( an in* or m4 ,= economy's sake1 good 8p>cel wax0 may be us$1 b be/ r$ seal+ wax is saf]4 ,?is wax frame may be us$ repeat$ly1 be+ clean$ prior to ea* silv]+ op]ation4 ,x is ! only special appliance necess>y1 & half an h\r is a lib]al "t all[ance = mak+ x4 ,use a /ock solution ( silv] nitrate ( ! /r5g? ( #be gra9s to #a ounce ( di/ill$ wat]3 ,take #b dra*ms ( silv] nitrate /ock solution & conv]t x to ammonia nitrate1 by add+ ammonia drop by drop until ! precipitate is r$issolv$4 ,add #c #a_/b ounces ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,9 ano!r measure take #hj drops 7approximately #gd m9ims7 ( #dj p] c5t =mal94 ,p\r ! solution ( ammonio nitrate ( silv] into ! measure conta9+ ! =mal91 !n back into ! orig9al measure1 & f9ally into ! di% conta9+ ! glass to be silv]$4 ,?is %\ld be done rapidly1 & ! di% conta9+ ! mirror well rock$ until ! silv]+ is complete1 :i* may be asc]ta9$ by ! precipitation ( a black1 floccul5t deposit1 & ! cle>+ ( ! solution4 ,! actual process ( silv]+ takes ab\t #b m9utes4 ,cleanl9ess ?r\gh\t is ( ! greate/ importance4 ,! vessels 9 :i* ! solutions are mix$ %\ld be well r9s$ ) a solution ( bi*romate ( pota% & sulphuric acid1 !n wa%$ out ?ree or f\r times "u ! tap1 & f9ally ) di/ill$ wat]4 ,= cleans+1 dip ! glass = a %ort "t 9 a solution ( bi*romate ( pota%1 to :i* a little sulphuric acid is add$4 ,! glass is aft]w>ds well r9s$ = a m9ute or two "u ! tap1 flood$ ) di/ill$ wat]1 & dri$ ) a clean l95 clo?4 ,a little absolute alcohol is !n rubb$ on ) a s(t l95 h&k]*ief1 :i* is imm$iately roll$ into a pad & us$ = well poli%+ ! surface4 ,! clean+ ) alcohol is repeat$ to avoid risk ( failure4 ,aft] ! mirror has be5 silv]$1 hold x "u ! tap & all[ wat] to fl[ ov] x = ab\t #c m9utes4 ,r9se x ) di/ill$ wat]1 & /& x up on edge on blott+ pap]4 ,:5 x is q dry take a pad ( v s(t wa%-lea!r1 spread a small quantity ( f9e/ opticians' r\ge on a %eet ( clean glass1 & well coat ! pad ) r\ge by poli%+ ! %eet ( glass4 ,a m9ute quantity ( r\ge is suffici5t4 ,aft]w>ds poli% ! mirror by g5tly rubb+ ! surface ) ! pad1 us+ a circul> /roke4 ,x w be se5 t ) ?is process x is unnecess>y to susp5d ! mirror 9 ! silv]+ solution1 z usually recomm5d$4 ,! mirror is laid 9 ! di%1 :i* is a di/9ct advantage1 z ! progress ( ! silv]+ may be wat*$ until complete4 ,! film also is mu* m robu/ ?an t obta9$ by ! old] me?ods4 ,,ii4--,clean ! b>e portion ( ! glass by rubb+ x g5tly ) f9e cotton1 tak+ c>e to remove any trace ( du/ & grease4 ,if ?is clean+ be n done v c>efully1 defects w appe> ar\nd ! place repair$4 ,) ! po9t ( a p5knife cut ^u ! back ( ano!r look+ glass ar\nd a portion ( ! silv]+ ( ! requir$ =m1 b a little l>g]4 ,^u x place a small drop ( m]cury2 a drop ! size ( a p9's head w be suffici5t = a surface equal to ! size ( ! nail4 ,! m]cury spreads imm$iately1 p5etrates ! amalgam to :]e x 0 cut (f ) ! knife1 & ! requir$ piece may be n[ lift$ & remov$ to ! place to be repair$4 ,?is is ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! op]ation4 ,!n press lightly ! r5ew$ portion ) cotton2 x h>d5s almo/ imm$iately1 & ! glass pres5ts ! same appe>ance4 ,cl\d+ ( ,m\? ,mirrors4--,by means ( ! f+]1 slightly moi/5$1 apply a film ( soap ( any br& or k9d to ! mirror2 !n rub ?is (f ) a clean1 dry clo?2 ! mirror w be z #dgh bright & cle> z ev]4 ,brea?+ on x w n affect its cle>ness & ! mirror does n suff] f ! op]ation4 ,magic ,mirrors4--,among ! _m amus+ & curi\s articles :i* ! amateur me*anic c turn out1 metallic mirrors hav+ conceal$ designs on !m1 & :i* c be br\ght into view by brea?+ on ! poli%$ surface1 are bo? funny & easy to produce4 ,to produce /eel mirrors ei!r t\gh bronze or good ca/ mottl$ iron discs %\ld be us$1 & ! design %\ld be on ! bottom ( ! ca/ disc1 z ?is is ! s\nde/ & d5se/ "p ( ! metal4 ,! me?od ( work+ is diff]5t ) bronze & iron1 & bronze w be dealt ) fir/4 ,! ca/ disk ( bronze %\ld be turn$ up level on bo? sides1 & ! edges %\ld be turn$ or %ap$ up1 ! metal be+ ab\t half an in* ?ick4 ,on ! side :i* 0 at ! bottom 9 ca/+1 a l9e %\ld be drawn to all[ = work+ up ! bord] or frame ( ! mirror1 & on ! re/ ( ! smoo? surface ! design %\ld be drawn1 n hav+ too mu* detail4 ,x is be/ to m>k ! l9es ) a %>p scrib]1 to prev5t _! effacem5t dur+ work+4 ,:5 ! disk is m>k$ out1 x %\ld be laid on a smoo?ly plan$ iron block1 & ! l9es pun*$ to a dep? ( ab\t #a_/d in*1 a pun* ) r\nd edges be+ us$4 ,!n ! disk %\ld be turn$ d[n to j bel[ ! surface ( ! pun*$-9 metal1 & ! bord] or edge =m$1 f9i%+ smoo?ly1 b )\t burni%+4 ,! back c be turn$ d[n &1 ) ! out] edge1 burni%$2 b ! inside ( ! edge & ! face ( ! mirror %\ld be poli%$ ) f9e abrasive p[d]1 & f9i%$ ) f9e r\ge4 ,:5 dry1 ! mirror w appe> equally bright all ov]2 b :5 brea!d on ! design w %[1 aga9 disappe>+ z ! moi/ure is remov$4 ,! metal pun*$ 9 w be m d5se ?an ! re/ ( ! surface1 & w also be v slightly rais$1 ?is be+ imp]ceptible unless ! poli%+ has be5 too long cont9u$4 ,) iron mirrors a good mottl$ iron mu/ be us$1 select+ hematite = pref]5ce2 b 9 any case x mu/ be *illable metal4 ,pref]ably x %\ld be melt$ 9 a crucible1 z ?is causes ! lea/ *ange 9 ! metallic cont5t1 & z ! metal c be made hot & fluid1 x works well4 ,! design mu/ be work$ out 9 iron ( ab\t #a_/h in* 9 ?ickness1 & mu/ be level1 z x has to t\* ! molt5 metal 9 ! bottom ( ! mold4 ,if pref]r$1 ! design may be ca/ & gr\nd flat1 b ?is dep5ds l>gely on ! design4 ,! *ill patt]n %\ld be coat$ ) plumbago1 & 9 mold+ ! disk patt]n ( ab\t #a_/d in* 9 ?ickness %\ld be laid on a bo>d1 & on ?is ! design--*ill--%\ld be plac$1 & ! mold %\ld be ramm$ up f ! back 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,! ca/+ %\ld be all[$ to get cold 9 ! mold1 & %\ld !n be remov$ & dress$ 9 ! usual way4 ,x %\ld !n be gr\nd bright all ov] on em]y :eels ( successively f9] grades1 & ! mirror surface %\ld be buff$ & poli%$ until a /eely mirror surface is produc$4 ,) a good mottl$ iron ! *ill$ design w n %[ until ! surface is brea!d on or rubb$ ) a greasy rag1 b w !n %[ cle>ly4 ,,mirror ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,mirrors1 ,,fro/$3 ,see ,glass4 ,,mirror-,,lett]+3 ,see ,lett]+4 ,,mirror ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,mirrors1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,mirrors1 ,,to ,,prev5t ,,dimm+ ,,(3 ,see ,glass4 ,,mirror ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,mite ,,kill]3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,mix+ ,,/icks ,,= ,,pa9t3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,model+ ,,wax3 ,see ,wax1 ,model+4 ,,moi/ure3 ,see ,insulation4 ,,molds3 ,see also ,ca/+ & ,matrix4 ,mold+ ,s&4--,a high grade ( mold+ s& %\ld be fat1 i4 e41 /rongly mix$ ) clay4 ,naturally ! molds ( ?is s& %\ld be employ$ only 9 a p]fectly dry /ate4 ,! fat mold+ s& is prep>$ artificially f qu>tz s& 7f9e spr9kl+ s&71 fat clay1 free #dgi f lime & f]ric oxide 7r$ o*]74 ,! mold+ s& is fix$ by break+ up ! loose pieces 9 :i* x is p>tly dug2 next x is pass$ ?r\gh a f9e sieve & mix$ up to "o-?ird ( its volume ) *>coal du/1 or1 bett] /ill1 ) lampblack1 :i*1 ow+ to its loos5ess & fatness1 does n detract s mu* f ! b9d+ qualities ( ! s&4 ,! utility ( ! s& may be te/$ by press+ ! f+] into x1 :]eupon ! f9e l9es ( ! sk9 %\ld appe> %>ply def9$2 its b9d+ p[] is asc]ta9$ by dropp+ a lump press$ toge!r ) ! h& f a height1 :i* is increas$ until x breaks4 ,,molds ,,( ,,pla/]3 ,see ,pla/]4 ,,moles3 ,see also ,w>ts4 ,lun> cau/ic is frequ5tly us$ to remove w>ts & moles4 ,x %\ld be wrapp$ 9 t9 foil or plac$ 9 a quill s t x w n t\* ! b>e fle%4 ,moi/5 ! rais$ surface & t\* ) ! cau/ic night & morn+4 ,successive lay]s ( sk9 w dry up & peel (f4 ,:5 on a level ) ! surr\nd+ fle% apply a heal+ o9tm5t4 ,let ! la/ cru/ =m$ drop )\t t\*+ x4 ,unless c>efully done ?is process may leave a :ite sc>4 ,a simple rem$y = w>ts consi/s 9 wett+ & rubb+ !m sev]al times a day 9 a /rong solution ( common wa%+ soda4 ,! electric treatm5t1 h[ev]1 is n[ ! mo/ popul>4 ,,mordants3 ,see also ,dyes4 ,mordant = ,cem5t ,surfaces4--,take gre5 vitriol & dissolve x 9 hot wat]4 ,if ! cem5t is r fre% add #a "p ( v9eg> = ea* "p ( gre5 vitriol4 ,be/ suit$1 h[ev]1 is triple v9eg> 7v9eg> conta9+ #aa_/ac p] c5t ( acetic acid71 :i* is alone suffici5t = well-dri$ places4 ,= su* surfaces t h be5 smoo!d ) a /eel tool & h h>dly any pores1 take alcohol1 #a "p1 & gre5 vitriol1 #aj p>ts1 & apply ?is twice until ! iron has acquir$ a yell[i% color4 ,?is mordant =ms a neutral lay] betwe5 cem5t & pa9t1 & causes ! latt] to dry well4 ,mordant = ,gold ,size4--,a mordant = gold size gild+ t has be5 ?or\ghly te/$ & f\nd to be (t5 pref]able to ! %ellac-mix$ article1 is prep>$ f yolk ( egg & glyc]9e1 ,! yolk ( an egg is twirl$ 9 a cup & up to #cj drops ( glyc]9e are add$ to x4 ,! m glyc]9e add$1 ! long] ! mordant w take to dry4 ,or else an equal portion ( ord9>y syrup is mix$ ) ! yolk ( egg4 ,same mu/ be ?9ly liquid4 ,if ! mass becomes too t\gh x is w>m$ a little or ?9n$ ) a few drops ( w>m wat]4 ,a s+le application is suffici5t4 ,naturally1 ?is /yle ( gild+ is only practicable indoors2 x _c )/& ! influ5ce ( moi/ure4 ,,mort>1 ,,asbe/os4 ,asbe/os mort> consi/s ( a mixture ( asbe/os ) #aj p] c5t ( :ite lime4 ,canadian asbe/os is g5]ally us$1 :i* is compos$ ( #hj p] c5t ( asbe/os & #bj p] c5t ( s]p5t9e4 ,! asbe/os is gr\nd & ! co>se p[d] us$ = ! fir/ r\gh ca/1 :ile ! f9] mat]ial is employ$ = ! second top-pla/]+4 ,?is mort> is highly fire-resi/+ & wat]pro(1 is only half z heavy z cem5t mort>1 & t\gh en\gh to admit ( nails be+ driv5 9 )\t break+ x4 ,,mosquito ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,moss ,,remov]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods4 ,,mo?s3 ,see ,turp5t9e4 ,,mo? ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,mo? ,,traps ,,& ,,mo? ,,kill]s3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,"m-,,(-,,pe>l3 ,see ,pe>l4 ,,motors1 ,,anti-,,freez+ ,,solution ,,=3 ,see ,freez+ ,prev5tives4 ,,m\ntants3 ,see also ,adhesives & ,photography4 ,m\nt+ ,draw+s1 ,photos1 etc41 ^u ,f9e ,pa/ebo>d4--,x frequ5tly happ5s t ! pa/ebo>d w w>p t[>d ! face ( ! picture1 ev5 if left 9 a press till ! glu+ m$ium is p]fectly dry4 ,?is fault c be #dhj obviat$ by moi/5+ ! back ( ! pa/ebo>d mod]ately ) a sponge1 &1 :ile ?is is /ill wet1 pa/+ ! picture on ) good1 ?9 glue4 ,if moi/5+ ! pa/ebo>d is impracticable 7) s5sitive draw+s1 pa9t+s1 etc471 pa/e :i* has be5 press$ ?r\gh a f9e clo? is rubb$ on1 always 9 ! same direction1 & ! picture is c>efully & ev5ly press$ on4 ,!n b5d ! pa/ebo>d backw>d 9 a wide semicircle1 & place x betwe5 two heavy objects on ! table4 ,aft] a few h\rs1 :5 ! pa/e is completely dry1 put ! picture d[n flat & load proportionately4 ,pap]s ( l>ge size1 :i* _c conv5i5tly be plac$ betwe5 two objects1 are wrapp$ up1 & tw9e is /ret*$ ar\nd1 ?us keep+ !m b5t4 ,m\nt+ ,pr9ts on ,glass4--,take #d ounces ( gelat92 soak #a_/b h\r 9 cold wat]2 !n place 9 a glass j>1 add+ #af ounces ( wat]2 put ! j> 9 a l>ge di% ( w>m wat] & dissolve ! gelat94 ,:5 dissolv$ p\r 9 a %all[ tray2 h ! pr9ts roll$ on a roll]1 album5 side up2 take ! pr9t by ! corn]s & pass rapidly ?r\gh ! gelat91 us+ great c>e to avoid air bubbles4 ,squeeze c>efully onto ! glass4 ,! bett] ! quality ( glass1 ! f9] ! effect4 ,,m\? ,,antiseptics3 ,see ,antiseptics4 ,,m\? ,,wa%es3 ,see ,d5tifrices4 ,,mov+ ,,objects ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,photograph ,,!m3 ,see ,photography4 ,,mucilage3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,music ,,boxes4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 tak+ ap>t1 = if ! box is w\nd up & ! fly is remov$1 ! cyl9d] is ru9$4 ,! spr+ relaxes at a b\nd1 caus+ ! cyl9d] to turn ) su* rapidity t ! p9s _c resi/ ! tee?1 ^: =ce is int5sifi$ by ! velocity ( ! cyl9d]4 ,! p9s orig9ally b5t =w>d are brok51 or press$ backw>ds2 z !y are h>d5$1 !y _c be b5t =w>d aga9 )\t break+4 ,?is accid5t involves ! co/ ( a new cyl9d]1 ! mo/ exp5sive "p ( ! app>atus4 ,besides1 ! comb almo/ always loses "s tee? & ! :eel-"w also suff]s 9 its turn4 ,to avoid su* mi%aps ! c>eful op]ator w take ! p>ts asund] 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 #a4 ,remove ! comb4 #b4 ,take ! app>atus f ! box & completely dis>m ! spr+4 #c4 ,remove ! b>rel4 #d4 ,remove ! escapem5t4 #e4 ,remove ! cyl9d]4 ,! b>rel & ! :eels are clean$ l ^? ( a wat*4 ,! cyl9d] %\ld be h&l$ c>efully4 ,! holes %\ld be well clean$4 ,oil %\ld be put only on ! pivots1 especially none on ! "p ( ! arbor to :i* ! cyl9d] is atta*$4 ,x is ! fir/ piece to be replac$1 c>e be+ tak5 to see t ! arbor turns freely1 b )\t play1 betwe5 ! bridges4 ,:5 x is 9 position1 put 9 ! escapem5t1 !n ! b>rel1 & f9ally ! comb4 ,! comb1 repres5t+ ! musical "p ( a simple box1 _c receive too mu* c>e4 ,be=e replac+ x exam9e ! spr+s closely1 & 9 supply+ ! ones t are lack+1 take = ! model ( size & =m ^? resembl+ !m ! mo/4 ,if ! p>ts h be5 put toge!r prop]ly1 !n1 z soon z ! comb is screw$ 9 its place1 ^! %\ld be f\nd 9 good work+ ord]3 ! leve 7lift7--t is1 t ! p9s d n lift ! tee? too mu* or too little2 ! tombe 7fall7--t is1 t ! *ords1 ! bass1 ! m$ium1 & ! treble1 fall toge!r2 & ! vise 7po9t+7--t ! p9s cat* at ! c5t] ( ! ends ( ! tee?4 ,,musl91 ,,pa9t+ ,,on3 ,see ,pa9t+4 ,,mu/a*e ,,fix+ ,,fluid4 ,balsam ( ,tolu #a "p ,rectifi$ _s #c p>ts ,jockey club #a "p ,dissolve ! balsam 9 ! liquids4 ,apply a few drops to ! mu/a*e ) a bru%1 !n twi/ into ! desir$ %ape4 ,,mu/>d ,,pap]4 ,i4--,india rubb] #a "p ,b5zol #di p>ts ,black mu/>d 9 p[d]1 a suffici5cy4 ,dissolve ! ,india rubb] 9 ! b5zol1 !n /ir 9 ! mu/>d until ! mixture is ( a suitable consi/5ce = spread+4 ,x 0 fur!r recomm5d$ to remove ! fix$ oil f ! mu/>d by p]colation ) b5zol4 ,mu/>d pap] ?us made is ( good quality1 v active1 & keeps well4 #dha ,,ii4--,black & :ite mu/>d1 9 ,no4 #fj p[d]1 depriv$ ( fix$ oil #a "p ,b5zol solution ( ,india rubb] 7#a 9 #dj7 #d p>ts ,mix to a smoo? mass1 & spread ! same ov] "o side ( a suitable pap] by means ( a pla/]-spread+ ma*9e1 or pass+ ! pap] ov] ! mass conta9$ 9 a suitable %all[ vessel4 ,expose to w>m air = a %ort "t to dry4 ,pres]ve ! dry pap] 9 well-clos$ boxes4 ,x may be useful to "k t mu/>d pap]1 aft] spread+1 %\ld n be long expos$ to light & air4 ,by s do+ n only does ! mu/>d blea* b ! rubb] soon p]i%es4 ,moreov]1 mu/>d pap] is hygroscopic1 s t 9 a moi/ atmosph]e x soon loses its virtue4 ,x is1 !re=e1 highly important t mu/>d pap] %\ld be rapidly dri$ 9 a w>m atmosph]e ) free v5tilation1 !n at once /or$ 9 well-clos$ packets4 ,?us prep>$ !y keep well & rema9 active = _m ye>s4 ,,mu/>ds3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,,myrrh ,,a/r+5t3 ,see ,d5tifrices4 ,,nail1 ,,+r[+4 ,copi\s applications ( dri$ p[d]$ alum are suffici5t to cure e case ( +r[+ nail 9 ab\t #e days4 ,! applications are n pa9ful 9 ! lea/1 & ! de/ruction ( ! pa?ologic tissue results 9 ! =mation ( a h>d1 resi/ant1 & non-s5sitive b$ = ! nail1 a p]fect cure = ! +r[+ t5d5cy4 ,apply a fom5tation ( soap & wat] = #bd h\rs be=eh& & !n p\r ! alum into ! space betwe5 ! nail & its b$1 tampon+ ) cotton to keep ! alum 9 place1 & repeat+ ! application daily4 ,! suppuration rapidly dries up1 & pa9 & discom=t are reliev$ almo/ at once4 ,,nail ,,poli%es3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,napoleon ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,naph?ol ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,neatsfoot ,,oil4 ,crude neatsfoot oil #e1jjj p>ts ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #b1ejj p>ts ,tann9 #e p>ts ,place 9 a cle>+ flask1 agitate vigor\sly & all[ to /& = #h days 9 a w>m room ) daily repetition ( ! %ak+4 ,!n draw (f ! _s ( w9e on top1 r9se aga9 ) #a1jjj p>ts ( _s ( w9e 7#ij p] c5t7 & place ! oil 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #ec #a_/b ,f4 ,all[ to /& 9 ?is temp]ature = at lea/ #f weeks1 protect$ f ! light1 & !n filt]4 ,,ne$les1 ,,anti-,,ru/ ,,pap] ,,=3 ,see ,ru/ ,prev5tives4 ,,negatives1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,spoil$3 ,see ,photography4 ,,n]ve ,,pa/e3 ,see also ,d5tal ,cem5ts1 "u ,cem5ts4 ,ars5i\s acid #d p>ts ,morph9e sulphate #b p>ts ,clove oil #a "p ,creosote1 quantity suffici5t to make a pa/e4 ,aft] ! n]ve is de/roy$ ! foll[+ pa/e is to be put 9 ! cavity3 ,alum #a "p ,?ymol #a "p ,z9c oxide #a "p ,glyc]9e #a "p ,,n]v9e ,,o9tm5t3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,nesselrode ,,pudd+3 ,see ,ice ,creams4 ,,nets3 ,see ,cordage4 ,,nickel-,,te/+4 ,pure nickel w rema9 ne>ly :ite1 :ile 8pat5t nickel10 or nickel-copp] w n reta9 its primitive brilliancy1 b soon becomes slightly oxidiz$ & grayi% 9 color4 ,! magnet furni%es a good means ( te/+4 ,! unadult]at$ nickel is di/9ctly s5sitive to magnetism1 :ile t mu* alloy$ is de/itute ( ?is prop]ty4 ,,nickel ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,nickel1 ,,to ,,remove ,,ru/ ,,f3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,nickel-,,plat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,nickel ,,/eel3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,nickel+1 ,,te/ ,,=3 ,see ,plat+4 #dhb ,,niello3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,nitroglyc]9e3 ,see ,explosives4 ,,noyaux ,,liqueur3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,nut ,,c&y ,,/icks3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,nutmeg ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,nutmeg ,,ess5ce3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,oak3 ,see ,wood4 ,,odont]3 ,see ,d5tifrices4 ,oils ,clock ,oil4--,put #b1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( virg9 oil 9 a decant+ vessel1 add a solution ( #dj p>ts ( e!r tann9 9 #djj p>ts ( wat] & %ake until completely emulsifi$4 ,let /& = #h days1 ) frequ5t %ak+2 next1 add #ajj p>ts ( talcum &1 :5 ?is has also be5 well %ak51 #a1fjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,all[ to settle = #bd h\rs1 & !n run (f ! l[] wat] lay]1 repeat+ ! wa%+ z long z ! wa% wat] /ill %[s a coloration ) f]ric *loride4 ,p\r ! cont5ts ( ! decant+ vessel into an evaporat+ di%2 !n add #bjj p>ts ( ?or\ghly dri$ & f9ely gr\nd cook+ salt2 let /& = #bd h\rs & filt] ?r\gh pap]4 ,! clock oil is n[ ready1 & %\ld be fill$ 9 br[n glass bottles1 hold+ #bj to #be p>ts 7ab\t #a ounce71 :i* mu/ be cork$ up well & kept at a cool temp]ature4 ,,cod-,,liv] ,,oil3 ,aromatic ,cod-,liv] ,oil4-- ,c\m>9 #j4ja p>ts ,sac*>9e #j4ej p>ts ,vanill9 #j4aj p>ts ,alcohol1 absolute #e4dj p>ts ,oil ( lemon #e4jj p>ts ,oil ( pepp]m9t #a4jj "p ,oil ( n]oli #a4jj "p ,cod-liv] oil to make #a1jjj p>ts ,deodoriz$ ,cod-,liv] ,oil4--,mix #djj p>ts ( cod-liv] oil ) #bj p>ts ( gr\nd c(fee & #aj p>ts ( bone black1 w>m ! mixture 9 an op5 vessel to #adj ,f41 let x /& #e days1 %ak+ occasionally1 & /ra9 ?r\gh l954 ,! oil acquires ! ta/e ( c(fee4 ,cod-,liv] ,oil ,emulsions4-- ,i4--,calcium hypophosphite #hj gra9s ,sodium hypophosphite #abj gra9s ,sodium *loride #fj gra9s ,gum acacia1 9 p[d] #b ounces ,elixir ( glucoside #bj m9ims ,ess5tial oil ( almonds #ae m9ims ,glyc]9e #b fluid\nces ,cod-liv] oil #h fluid\nces ,di/ill$ wat]1 a suffici5t quantity to produce #af fluid\nces4 ,,ii4--,mix #aij p>ts ( p[d]$ sug> ) #e p>ts ( acacia & #ejj p>ts ( tragacan? 9 a mort>4 ,mix 9 a l>ge bottle & %ake ?or\ghly toge!r #ejj p>ts ( cod-liv] oil & #bjj p>ts ( a cold infusion ( c(fee4 ,gradually add a "p ( ?is mixture to ! p[d] 9 ! mort> & triturate until emulsifi$4 ,to ! rema9+ liquid mixture add #ajj p>ts ( rum1 !n gradually incorporate ) ! cont5ts ( ! mort> by trituration4 ,extract+ ,oil f ,cottonse$4--,claim is made = a process ( extraction1 9 an ,engli% pat5t1 9 :i* ! se$s are plac$ 9 a rotable vessel m\nt$ on a holl[ %aft divid$ into comp>tm5ts by means ( a p>tition4 ,! solv5t is introduc$ at "o end ( ?is %aft & passes into ! vessel1 :i* is !n made to rotate4 ,aft] ! extraction ! bulk ( ! solv5t & ! extract$ oil pass away ?r\gh an exit pipe1 & /eam is !n introduc$ ?r\gh ! same op5+ z ! solv5t1 9 ord] to cook ! se$s & expel ! residual solv5t4 ,! /eam & ! vapors pass ?r\gh p]=ations 9 a scrap] fix$ to ! %aft & !nce ?r\gh connect$ pipes into ! o!r comp>tm5t ( ! %aft1 ! end ( :i* is atta*$ to a cond5s]4 ,silv] ,nitrate ,te/ = ,cottonse$ ,oil4--,inve/igations ( ,*>ab\t & ,m>* ?r[ "s light on ! value ( ?is te/ 9 pres5ce ( olive oil4 ,! free-fat acids obta9$ f cottonse$ oil by saponification 7 treat$ 9 accordance ) ! me?od ( ,milliau on a wat] ba? ) a #c p] c5t solution ( silv] nitrate1 & ! br[n precipitate ?us =m$ subject$ to a *emical exam9ation4 ,x 0 f\nd to consi/ *iefly ( a br[n silv] salt compos$ ( a fat acid melt+ at #eb ,f41 & #dhc congeal+ at #abj to #abb ,f41 & ( sulphide ( silv]4 ,olive oil1 :i* conta9s a sulphur comp\nd ( an analog\s composition1 is also capable ( =m+ a m or less di/9ct precipitate ( a d>k color$ silv] sulphide ) nitrate ( silv]4 ,x is important to be> ?is fact 9 m9d :5 exam9+ olive oil = cottonse$ oil4 ,floral ,hair ,oil4-- ,:ite vasel9e #e1jjj p>ts ,floric91 pure #hjj p>ts ,l9alool ros #fj p>ts ,t]p9eol #ej p>ts ,aubep9e 7haw?orne71 liquid #ab p>ts ,floral ,hair ,pomade4-- ,:ite c]es9e #bej p>ts ,floric91 pure #a1fjj p>ts ,vanill9 #c p>ts ,g]anium oil #e p>ts ,isoeug5ol #d p>ts ,floric9 ,brilliant9e4-- ,floric9 oil #b1ajj p>ts ,:ite c]es9e #bej p>ts ,ylang-ylang oil #b p>ts ,kananga oil #e p>ts ,oil ( rose1 artificial #a "p ,*eirantia #e p>ts ,solid ,l9se$ ,oil4--,cem5ts = ! manufacture ( l9oleum & o!r simil> sub/ances are compos$ to a l>ge ext5t ( l9se$ oil1 oxidiz$ or polym]iz$ until x has become solid4 ,! old process ( prep>+ ?is solid oil is t$i\s1 co/ly1 & invites dang] f fire4 ,x consi/s 9 runn+ l9se$ oil ov] %eets ( ?9 clo? hung f ! top ( a high build+4 ,! ?9 lay] ( oil ^u ! clo? dries1 & !n a second lay] is obta9$ 9 ! same way4 ,?is is cont9u$ until a ?ick sk9 ( solid oil is =m$ on ei!r side ( ! clo?4 ,a new me?od ( solidify+ l9se$ oil is by means ( alkalies4 ,! dry+ oils1 :5 heat$ ) basic sub/ances su* z ! alkalies1 polym]ize & become solid4 ,h]tkorn makes use ( ! oxides ( ! alkal9e e>?s1 or _! salts ) weak acids1 su* z _! soaps4 ,:5 *alk or lime is add$ to ! oil dur+ ! process ( oxidation1 ei!r dur+ ! liquid or ! pla/ic /age1 x =ms a calcium soap1 & causes polym]ization to set 9 9 ! p>tially oxidiz$ oil4 ,simil>ly1 if cau/ic soda or cau/ic pota% be add$1 ! action is n caus$ by !m 9 ! free /ate1 b by ! soaps :i* !y =m4 ,oxidiz$ oil is m readily saponifi$ ?an raw oil1 & ! great] ! oxidation1 ! m readily does saponification take place4 ,lime soaps are n soluble 9 wat]1 :]eas soda & pota% soaps are4 ,consequ5tly a cem5t made ) ! latt]1 if expos$ to ! wea!r1 w be act$ ^u by ra9 & moi/ure1 ow+ to ! soluble soap conta9$ 9 x1 :ile a cem5t made ) lime w n be act$ ^u4 ,x is sugge/$ t ! action ( ! bases on l9se$ oil is simply due to _! neutralization ( ! free acid4 ,! acidity ( l9se$ oil increases z x becomes oxidiz$4 ,:5 ! basic matt] is add$ "p ( ! free acid is neutraliz$1 & polym]ization sets 94 ,! pres5ce ( a l>ge am\nt ( free acid mu/ !re=e h9d] polym]ization4 ,f #e to #aj p] c5t ( *alk or lime is consid]$ to be ! am\nt :i* gives ! be/ result 9 practice4 ,decoloriz+ or ,blea*+ ,l9se$ ,oil4--,l9se$ oil may be blea*$ by ! aid ( *emical bodies1 ! process ( oxidiz+ or blea*+ be+ be/ p]=m$ by means ( p]oxide ( hydrog54 ,= ?is purpose1 ! l9se$ oil to be blea*$ is mix$ ) #e p] c5t p]oxide ( hydrog5 9 a t9 or glass bottle1 & ! mixture is %ak5 repeat$ly4 ,aft] a few days h elaps$ ! l9se$ oil is entirely blea*$ & cl>ifi$1 s t x c be p\r$ (f f ! p]oxide ( hydrog51 :i* has be5 r$uc$ to oxide ( hydrog51 i4 e41 wat]1 by ! process ( oxidation4 ,! use ( ano!r oxidiz+ m$ium1 su* z *loride ( lime & hydro*loric acid or bi*romate ( calcium & sulphuric acid1 etc41 _c be recomm5d$ to ! layman1 z ! op]ation requires m c>e & is n )\t dang]4 ,if !re is no hurry ab\t ! prep>ation ( blea*$ l9se$ oil1 sun blea*+ seems to be ! mo/ recomm5dable me?od4 ,= ?is only a glass bottle is requir$1 or1 bett] /ill1 a flat glass di%1 ( any %ape1 :i* c be cov]$ ) a protrud+ piece ( glass4 ,= ! admission ( air1 lay "s /icks ( wood ov] ! di% & ! glass on top4 ,! ?9n] ! lay] ( l9se$ oil1 ! quick] w be ! oxidation process4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y to place ! vessel 9 su* a mann] t x is expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun = _m h\rs daily4 ,l9se$ ,oil = ,v>ni%-,mak+4--,heat 9 a copp] vessel #ej gallons ,baltic oil to #bhj ,f41 add #b #a_/b p\nds calc9$ :ite vitriol1 & /ir well toge!r4 ,keep ! oil at ! above temp]ature = half an h\r1 !n draw ! fire1 & 9 #bd h\rs decant ! cle> oil4 ,x %\ld /& = at lea/ #d weeks4 #dhd ,ref9+ ,l9se$ ,oil4--,put #bcf gallons ( oil into a copp] boil]1 p\r 9 #f p\nds ( oil ( vitriol1 & /ir !m toge!r = #c h\rs1 !n add #f p\nds full]'s e>? well mix$ ) #ad p\nds hot lime1 & /ir = #c h\rs4 ,! oil mu/ be put 9 a copp] vessel ) an equal quantity ( wat]4 ,n[ boil = #c h\rs1 !n ext+ui% ! fire4 ,:5 cold draw (f ! wat]4 ,let ! mixture settle = a few weeks4 ,,m9]al ,,oil3 ,see also ,petroleum4 ,production ( ,consi/5t ,m9]al ,oils4-- ,by weight ,i4--,m9]al oil #ajj p>ts ,l9se$ oil #be p>ts ,gr\nd nut oil #be p>ts ,lime #aj p>ts ,,ii4--,m9]al oil #ajj p>ts ,ros9 oil #ajj p>ts ,rape se$ oil #ej p>ts ,l9se$ oil #ge p>ts ,lime #be p>ts ,mix+ ,ca/or ,oil ) ,m9]al ,oils4--,ca/or oil is heat$ = #f h\rs 9 an autoclave at a temp]ature ( #ejj to #ege ,f41 & "u a pressure ( #d to #f atmosph]es4 ,:5 cold ! result+ product mixes 9 all proportions ) m9]al oils4 ,,blea*+ ,,oils3 ,l9se$ ,oil or ,poppy ,oil4--,agitate 9 a glass balloon #be1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( oil ) a solution ( #ej p>ts1 by weight1 potassium p]manganate 9 #a1bej p>ts1 by volume1 ( wat]4 ,let /& = #bd h\rs at a g5tle w>m? & add #ge p>ts1 by weight1 ( p[d]$ sodium sulphite4 ,agitate /rongly & add #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( hydro*loric acid & aga9 agitate4 ,let /& until decolorization takes place1 !n wa% ! oil ) a suffici5cy ( wat]1 c>ry+ 9 susp5sion *alk1 f9ely p[d]$1 until ! liquid no long] has an acid reaction4 ,f9ally filt] (f ov] anhydr\s sodium sulphate4 ,boil$ ,oil4--,! foll[+ is especially adapt$ = z9c pa9t+1 b w also answ] = any pa9t3 ,mix #a "p b9oxide ( manganese1 9 co>se p[d]1 b n du/y1 ) #aj p>ts nut or l9se$ oil4 ,keep x g5tly heat$ & frequ5tly /irr$ = ab\t #cj h\rs1 or until ! oil beg9s to turn r$di%4 ,briti% ,oil4-- ,i4--,oil ( turp5t9e #dj p>ts ,b>badoes pit* #bf p>ts ,oil ( rosem>y #a "p ,oil ( origanum #a "p ,,ii4--,oil ( turp5t9e #b p>ts ,rape oil #bj p>ts ,_s ( t> #b p>ts ,alkanet root1 quantity suffici5t4 ,mac]ate ! alkanet root 9 ! rape oil until ! latt] is color$ deep r$2 !n /ra9 (f & add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,decoloriz+ & ,deodoriz+ ,oils4--,i4--,"o may p>tially or completely deodorize & decolorize rank fi% & o!r oils by s5d+ a curr5t ( hot air or ( /eam ?r\gh !m1 aft] hav+ heat$ !m f #age to #bjj ,f4 ,to decolorize palm oil pass ?r\gh x a curr5t ( /eam "u pressure correspond+ to a temp]ature ( #bcj ,f41 agitat+ ! oil con/antly4 ,! vapor is !n pass$ ?r\gh lead5 tuy]es ( ab\t #b in*es diamet]1 #aj h\rs be+ suffici5t = deodoriz+ #d tons ( oil4 ,,ii4--,ano!r me?od t may be appli$ to almo/ all k9ds ( fats & oils ) excell5t results is ! foll[+3 ,melt say #aab p>ts1 by weight1 ( palm oil 9 a boil]4 ,:5 ! mass is entirely liquefi$ add to x a solution ( calcium *loride1 made by dissolv+ #g p>ts1 by weight1 ( lime *loride = e #hd p>ts1 by weight1 ( oil 9 wat]1 & mix intimately4 ,aft] cool+1 ! mass h>d5s & is cut into small bits & expos$ to ! air = a few weeks4 ,aft] ?is exposure ! mat]ial is reassembl$ 9 a boil] ( iron1 jacket$ on ! inside ) lead2 a quantity ( sulphuric acid dilut$ to #e p] c5t1 equal 9 am\nt to ! lime *loride previ\sly us$1 is add$1 & heat is appli$ until ! oil melts & sep>ates f ! o!r sub/ances4 ,x is !n left to cool (f & solidify4 ,decomposition ( ,oils1 ,fats1 etc4--,9 _m ( ! processes at pres5t 9 use1 :]eby oils & fats are decompos$ by /eam at a high pressure1 ! "t dur+ :i* ! oil or fat has to be expos$ to high pressure & temp]ature has ! effect ( consid]ably d>k5+ ! result+ product4 ,hannig's process claims to %ort5 ! "t requir$1 by br++ ! /eam & oil into m intimate contact4 ,! oil to be treat$ is project$ 9 f9e /reams into ! *amb] conta9+ /eam at #h to #aj atmosph]es pressure4 ,! /reams ( oil are project$ ) suffici5t =ce to cause !m to /rike aga9/ ! walls ( ! *amb]1 & !y are ?us brok5 up into m9ute globules :i* mix intimately ) ! /eam4 ,9 ?is way ! mo/ satisfactory conditions = ! decomposition ( ! oil are obta9$4 #dhe ,driffield ,oils4-- ,b>badoes t> #a ounce ,l9se$ oil #af ounces ,oil turp5t9e #c ounces ,oil vitriol #a_/b ounce ,add ! oil ( vitriol to ! o!r +r$i5ts v gradually1 ) con/ant /irr+4 ,dry+ ,oils4--,to dry oils = v>ni%es1 pa9t+s1 etc41 ! mo/ economical means is to boil !m ) %ot1 to leave !m = "s "t 9 contact ) %ot1 or else to boil !m ) li?>ge4 ,ano!r me?od consi/s 9 boil+ ! oils ) equal p>ts ( lead1 t91 & sulphate ( z9c 9 ! ratio ( #a_/aj "p 7weight7 ( ! unit$ metals to #a "p ( oil to be treat$4 ,^! metals mu/ be granulat$1 :i* is easily accompli%$ by melt+ !m sep>ately & putt+ !m 9 cold wat]4 ,!y w be f\nd at ! bottom ( ! wat] 9 ! %ape ( small balls4 ,x is 9 ?is mann]1 by ! way1 t %ot is produc$4 ,du/-,lay+ ,oil4--,a process has be5 pat5t$ = r5d]+ m9]al oils miscible 9 all proportions ( wat]4 ,! me?od consi/s ( =m+ an intimate mixture ( ! oil ) a soap :i* is soluble 9 wat]4 ,! mo/ simple me?od is z foll[s3 ,! oil is plac$ 9 a tank provid$ ) an agitator4 ,! latt] is set 9 motion & ! fatty oil or free fatty acid f :i* ! soap is to be =m$ is add$1 & mix$ intimately ) ! m9]al oil4 ,:5 ! mixture is se5 to be ?or\ghly homog5e\s1 ! alkali1 9 solution 9 wat]1 is add$ little by little & ! /irr+ cont9u$ until a ?or\gh emulsion is obta9$1 ( :i* ! con/itu5ts d n sep>ate1 ev5 aft] prolong$ /&+ at ord9>y temp]atures4 ,! agitation may be produc$ ei!r by a me*anical app>atus or by =c+ air 9 "u pressure4 ,z a rule1 ! op]ation c be c>ri$ out 9 ! cold1 b 9 c]ta9 cases ! solution ( ! fatty body & its saponification requires ! application ( mod]ate heat4 ,?is may be obta9$ by us+ ei!r a /eam-jacket$ pan1 or by hav+ ! /eam coil )9 ! pan1 or live /eam may be bl[n ?r\gh ! mixture1 s]v+ at ! same "t bo? z a heat+ & /irr+ ag5t4 ,any fatty matt] or fatty acid suitable = soap-mak+ may be us$1 & ! base may be any "o capable ( =m+ a soluble soap1 mo/ commonly ! alkal9e hydroxides1 cau/ic soda1 & cau/ic pota%1 z also ammonia4 ,! raw mat]ials are *os5 accord+ to ! use to :i* ! f9i%$ product is to be appli$4 ,a good =mula1 suitable = prep>+ an oily liquid = wat]+ du/y roads1 is z foll[s3 ,by weight ,heavy m9]al oil #ge p>ts ,comm]cial ole9 #b p>ts ,comm]cial ammonia #a4e p>ts ,wat] #ba4e p>ts ,floor ,oils4-- ,i4--,neatsfoot oil #a "p ,cottonse$ oil #a "p ,petroleum oil #a "p ,,ii4--,beeswax #h p>ts ,wat] #ef p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #d p>ts ,dissolve ! pota% 9 #ab p>ts ( wat]2 heat toge!r ! wax & ! rema9+ wat] till ! wax is liquefi$2 !n mix ! two & boil toge!r until a p]fect emulsion is effect$4 ,color1 if desir$1 ) a solution ( annatto4 ,gr\nd-,lay+ ,oil = ,c]amics4--,boil toge!r until ?or\ghly incorporat$ #a p9t ( l9se$ oil1 #a p9t ( dissolv$ gum ma/ic1 #a_/b ounce ( r$ lead1 #a_/b ounce ( ros94 ,9 us+ mix ) ,v5ice turp5t9e4 ,oil ,suitable = ,use ) ,gold4--,heat & incorporate l9se$ oil1 #a qu>t2 rape oil1 #a p9t2 ,canadian balsam1 #c p9ts2 rectifi$ spirits ( t>1 #a qu>t4 ,wool ,oil4--,^! are usually produc$ by ! di/illation 9 retorts ( ,york%ire grease & o!r greases4 ,! di/ill$ oil is te/$ = quality1 & is br\ght d[n to #gj p] c5t or #ej p] c5t grades by ! addition ( a suitable quantity ( m9]al oil4 ,! l[] ! quality ( ! grease us$ ! l[] is ! grade ( ! result+ wool oil4 ,,oil1 ,,ca/or3 ,see ,ca/or ,oil4 ,,oil ,,= ,,=m+ ,a ,,bead ,,on ,,liquors3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,oils ,,= ,,h>ness3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,oils 7,,edible71 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,oil1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,p\r ,,out3 ,see ,ca/or ,oil4 ,,oil1 ,,lubricat+3 ,see ,lubricants4 #dhf ,,oils1 ,,purification ,,(3 ,see ,fats4 ,,oilclo?3 ,see ,l9oleum4 ,,oilclo? ,,adhesives3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,oilclo? ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,oil+ ,,fib]s ,,& ,,fabrics3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,oilsk9s3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,oil ,,remov]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,oil1 ,,solidifi$3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,o9tm5ts ,arnica ,salve4-- ,solid extract ( arnica #b p>ts ,ros9 o9tm5t #af p>ts ,petrolatum #d p>ts ,sultanas #af p>ts ,f9e cut tobacco #a "p ,boil ! rais9s & ! tobacco 9 #dj ounces ( wat] until exhau/$1 express ! liquid1 & evaporate d[n to #h ounces4 ,s(t5 ! arnica extract 9 a little hot wat] & mix 9 ! liquid4 ,melt ! ros9 o9tm5t & petrolatum toge!r1 & add ! liquid to ! melt$ mass & incorporate ?or\ghly4 ,b>b]s' ,it*4-- ,i*?yol #cj gra9s ,salicylic acid #ab gra9s ,m]cury oleate 7#aj p] c5t7 #c dra*ms ,lanol9 #a ounce ,mix4 ,to be kept con/antly appli$ to ! affect$ p>ts4 ,br[n ,o9tm5t4-- ,ros9 #a ounce ,lead pla/] #d ounces ,soap c]ate #h ounces ,yell[ beeswax #a ounce ,olive oil #g #a_/b fluid\nces ,*ilbla9s4--,! foll[+ are = unbrok5 *ilbla9s3 ,i4--,sulphur\s acid #c p>ts ,glyc]9e #a "p ,wat] #a "p ,,ii4--,balsam ,p]u #a "p ,alcohol #bd p>ts ,hydro*loric acid #a "p ,t9cture b5zo9 comp\nd #h p>ts ,dissolve ! balsam 9 ! alcohol1 & add ! acid & t9cture4 ,apply morn+ & ev5+4 ,dome/ic ,o9tm5ts4-- ,i4--,vasel9e #hj p>ts ,dia*ylon o9tm5t #cj p>ts ,c>bolic acid #d p>ts ,camphor #e p>ts ,,ii4--,butt]1 fre% 7unsalt$7 #gej p>ts ,wax1 yell[ #abe p>ts ,ros91 :ite #ajj p>ts ,nutmeg oil #ae p>ts ,p]u balsam #a "p ,,iii4--,lead pla/]1 simple #f1jij p>ts ,vasel9e1 yell[ #a1jjj p>ts ,camphor #fe p>ts ,c>bolic acid #ej p>ts ,mix4 ,gre5 ,salve4-- ,:ite p9e turp5t9e #h ounces ,l>d1 fre% #h ounces ,honey #d ounces ,beeswax1 yell[ #d ounces ,melt1 /ir well1 & add ,v]digris1 p[d]$ #d dra*ms ,apply locally4 ,?is _c be surpass$ :5 us$ = deep w\nds1 z x prev5ts ! =mation ( pr\d fle% & keeps up a heal?y dis*>ge4 ,salve = all ,w\nds4-- ,l>d1 fre% #af ounces ,:ite lead1 dry #c ounces ,r$ lead1 dry #a ounce ,beeswax1 yell[ #c ounces ,black ros9 #b ounces ,mix1 melt1 & boil = #de m9utes1 !n add ,common turp5t9e #d ounces ,boil = #c m9utes & cool4 ,apply locally to cuts1 burns1 sores1 ulc]s1 etc4 ,x fir/ draws1 !n heals4 ,irritat+ ,pla/]4-- ,t>1 purifi$ #af ounces ,burgundy pit* #a ounce ,:ite p9e turp5t9e #a ounce ,ros91 common #b ounces ,melt & add ,m&rake root1 p[d]$ #a dra*m ,bloodroot1 p[d]$ #a ounce ,poke root1 p[d]$ #a ounce ,indian turnip root1 p[d]$ #a ounce ,apply to ! sk9 9 ! =m ( a #dhg pla/] 7spread on musl97 & r5ew x daily4 ,?is salve w raise a sore :i* is to be wip$ ) a dry clo? to remove matt]1 etc4 ,! sore mu/ n be wett$4 ,?is is a p[]ful c\nt]-irritant = remov+ int]nal pa9s1 & 9 o!r cases :]e an irritat+ pla/] is necess>y4 ,m]cury ,salves4--,i4--,r$ ,salve4--,r$ m]cury oxide1 #a "p2 melt$ l>d1 #i p>ts4 ,,ii4--,:ite ,salve4--,m]cury precipitate1 #a "p2 melt$ l>d1 #i p>ts4 ,p9k salve4 ,ammoniat$ m]cury #a ounce ,m]curic oxide1 precipitat$ #b #a_/b ounces ,r$ m]curic sulphide 7v]milion7 #fj gra9s ,p]fume #a_/b fluid\nce ,l>d #a #a_/b p\nds ,prep>$ suet #a_/b p\nd ,antiseptic ,n]v9e ,o9tm5t4-- ,iod(orm #b p>ts ,salol #d p>ts ,boric acid #e p>ts ,antipyr9e #e p>ts ,vasel9e #hj p>ts ,photograph]s' ,o9tm5t4--,! foll[+ protects ! h&s f photographic *emicals3 ,be/ ca/ile soap1 9 f9e %av+s #a ounce ,wat] #a ounce ,wax #a ounce ,ammonia #de m9ims ,lanol9 #a ounce ,! soap is dissolv$ 9 ! wat] heat$ = t purpose1 ! wax mix$ 9 ) mu* /irr+1 &1 :5 all is 9 solution1 ! ammonia is add$4 ,:5 cle>1 ! lanol9 is put 91 & !n1 if ! mixture is v ?ick1 wat] is add$ until ! :ole has ! consi/5cy ( honey4 ,keep 9 a cov]$ /onew>e j>4 ,! h&s %\ld be fir/ wa%$ ) ord9>y soap1 & !n1 :ile ! la!r is /ill on !m1 a bit ( ! mixture ab\t ! size ( a hazel nut is rubb$ 9 until all is absorb$1 & ! h&s are dry4 ,at ! close ( ! "w1 ! film ( wax is wa%$ (f 9 w>m wat] & a little lanol9 rubb$ into ! h&s4 ,pa9-,subdu+ ,o9tm5t4--,! foll[+ is an excell5t =mula3 ,t9cture ( capsicum #e p>ts ,t9cture ( camphor #a "p ,ammonia wat] #b p>ts ,alcohol #b p>ts ,soap l9im5t #b p>ts ,sk9 ,o9tm5t4--,i4--,add ab\t #b p] c5t ( ph5ol to petrolatum1 p]fum+ x ) oil ( b]gamot & color a dull gre54 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t a mixture ( ,prussian blue & yell[ o*] w\ld answ] z ! color+ ag5t4 ,,ii4--,ph5ol #dj gra9s ,boric acid #b dra*ms ,oil ( b]gamot #ij m9ims ,petrolatum #a p\nd ,color ) *lorophyll4 ,,o9tm5ts ,,= ,,vet]9>y ,,purposes3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,ole9 ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,oleom>g>9e3 ,see ,butt]4 ,,olive-,,oil ,,pa/e3 ,see ,butt] ,sub/itutes4 ,,onyx ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,orangeade3 ,see ,bev]ages1 "u ,lemonades4 ,,orange ,,bitt]s ,,& ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,orange ,,drops3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,orange ,,extract3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,orange ,,frapp3 ,see ,bev]ages1 "u ,lemonades4 ,,orange ,,phosphate3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,orgeat ,,pun*3 ,see ,bev]ages1 "u ,lemonades4 ,,ortol ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,oxidiz+3 ,see ,bronz+1 ,plat+1 ,pa9t+4 ,,oxide1 ,,magnetic3 ,see ,ru/ ,prev5tives4 ,,oxol93 ,see ,rubb]4 ,,ozonat9e3 ,see ,air ,purify+4 ,,package ,,pop3 ,see ,bev]ages1 "u ,g+] ,ale4 ,,package ,,wax3 ,see ,waxes4 #dhh ,,pack+s3 ,pack+ = ,/uff+ ,boxes4-- ,tall[ #aj p>ts ,b>rel soap1 non-fill$ #cj p>ts ,cyl9d] oil #aj p>ts ,talcum ,v5etian1 f9ely p[d]$ #bj p>ts ,graphite1 f9ely wa%$ #f p>ts ,p[d]$ asbe/os #f p>ts ,melt ! tall[ & b>rel soap toge!r1 add ! o!r mat]ials 9 rotation1 mix intimately 9 a mix+ ma*9e1 & fill 9 #d-p\nd cans4 ,pack+ = ,gasol9e ,pumps4--,= pack+ pumps on gasol9e eng9es use asbe/os wick-pack+ rubb$ full ( regul> laundry soap2 x w "w )\t undue friction & w pack tightly4 ,common rubb] pack+ is n z good1 z ! gasol9e cuts x out4 ,,pads ,,( ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap] ,pads4 ,,pa9-,,subdu+ ,,o9tm5t3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,pa9t+ ,,processes3 ,pa9t+ ,ornam5ts or ,lett]s on ,clo? & ,pap]4--,dissolve gum %ellac 9 #ie p] c5t alcohol at ! rate ( #a p\nd ( %ellac to #c p9ts ( alcohol1 & mix ) x any dry color desir$4 ,if x becomes too ?ick1 ?9 ) m alcohol4 ,?is works free1 does n ble$ out1 imp>ts brilliancy to ! color1 & we>s well4 ,! prep>ation c be us$ also on pap]4 ,pa9t+ on ,m>ble4--,to pa9t m>ble 9 wat] colors1 x mu/ be fir/ ?or\ghly clean$ & all grease completely remov$4 ,! slab is wa%$ well1 & !n rubb$ (f ) b5z9e by means ( a rag or sponge4 ,9 ord] to be q sure1 add a little ox gall or aguol9e to ! colors4 ,aft] m>ble has be5 pa9t$ ) wat] colors x _c be poli%$ any m4 ,pa9t+ on ,musl94--,to pa9t on musl9 requires consid]able skill4 ,select a smoo? wall or p>tition1 ^u :i* tack ! musl91 draw+ ! fabric taut & firm4 ,!n make a solution ( />* & wat]1 add+ "o-f\r? />* to ?ree-f\r?s wat]1 & apply a glaze ( ?is to ! musl94 ,to gu>d aga9/ ! /rik+ 9 ( ! pa9t1 & to hold x m securely 9 place & texture1 mix ! pigm5t ) rubb+ v>ni% to ! consi/5cy ( a /iff pa/e1 & !n ?9 ) turp5t9e to a free work+ condition4 ,a d\ble ?ick camel's-hair bru%1 ( a wid? to correspond prop]ly ) ! size ( ! surface to be coat$1 is ! be/ tool ) :i* to coat f9e musl94 ,a fit*-hair tool is probably be/ suit$ to ! co>s] musl94 ,_m pa9t]s1 :5 ab\t to lett] on musl91 wet ! mat]ial ) wat]2 b ?is me?od is n s reliable z siz+ ) />* & wat]4 ,wett+ canvas or duck op]ates v successfully 9 hold+ ! pa9t or color 9 *eck1 b ^! mat]ials %\ld n be conf\nd$ ) musl91 :i* is ( an entirely diff]5t texture4 ,,pa9t+ ,,on ,,lea!r3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,pa9t+s3 ,protection = ,oil ,pa9t+s4--,oil pa9t+s %\ld "u no circum/ances be v>ni%$ ov] be=e ! colors are surely & unmi/akably dry1 o!rwise ! fissur+ & e>ly decay ( ! surface may be anticipat$4 ,! cont5tion ( "s p t oil pa9t+s ne$ ! protection ( a coat ( v>ni% is bas$ ^u ! claim t ! picture1 unv>ni%$1 looks dead & lu/]less 9 p>ts & glossy 9 /ill o!rs1 ! value & real beauty ( ! color be+ ?us unequally manife/$4 ,x is n to be inf]r$1 h[ev]1 t a heavy coat+ ( v>ni% is requir$4 ,:5 x is deem$ advisable to v>ni% ov] an oil pa9t+ ! v>ni% %\ld be ma/ic1 ) p]haps #c or #d drops ( ref9$ l9se$ oil add$ to insure aga9/ crack+4 ,a heavy body ( v>ni% us$ ov] pa9t+s mu/ be /rictly prohibit$1 inasmu* z ! v>ni%1 z x gr[s 9 age1 naturally d>k5s 9 color1 & 9 s do+ c>ries ) x a decid$ cl\d+ & discoloration ( ! delicate pigm5ts4 ,a ?9ly appli$ coat ( ma/ic v>ni% af=ds ! requir$ protection f all sorts & conditions ( atmosph]ic impurities1 besides fulfill+ its mission 9 o!r directions4 ,oil pa9t+s1 aqu>elles1 etc41 may be also coat$ ) a ?9 lay] ( ,canada balsam1 & plac$ smoo?ly on a pane ( glass likewise coat$ ) ,canada balsam1 s t bo? lay]s ( balsam come toge!r4 ,!n ! pictures are press$ d[n f ! back1 to remove all air bubbles4 ,to ,r5ovate ,old ,oil ,pa9t+s4--,:5 old oil pa9t+s h become d>k & crack$1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,p\r alcohol 9 a di% & put ! picture ov] x1 face d[nw>d4 ,! fumes ( ! alcohol dissolve ! pa9t ( ! picture1 ! fissures close up aga91 & #dhi ! color assumes a fre%ness :i* is surpris+4 ,great caution is absolutely necess>y1 & "o mu/ look at ! pa9t+ v (t51 o!rwise x may happ5 t ! colors w run toge!r or ev5 run (f 9 drops4 ,,pa9t+s1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,pa9ts 7,see also ,acid-,pro(+1 ,c]amics1 ,enamels1 ,firepro(+1 ,glaz+1 ,pa9t+ ,processes1 ,pigm5ts1 ,ru/ ,prev5tives1 ,v>ni%es1 & ,wat]pro(+47 ,,pa9t ,,bases3 ,dry ,bases = ,pa9ts4--,! foll[+ colors & m9]als1 mix$ 9 ! proportions giv5 & !n gr\nd to f9e p[d]1 make excell5t dry pa9ts1 & may be ?9n$ ) turp5t9e oil1 & a small p]c5tage ( *eap v>ni% to consi/5cy requir$4 ,buff4-- ,yell[ o*] #dd p\nds ,:it+ #f p\nds ,oxide ( z9c #e p\nds ,pla/] ( ,p>is #a_/b p\nd ,brick ,br[n4-- ,yell[ o*] #bf p\nds ,calc9$ copp]as #d p\nds ,r$ hematite #a #a_/d p\nds ,be/ silica #g p\nds ,:it+ #ah p\nds ,gray4-- ,oxide ( z9c #cj p\nds ,:ite lead #f p\nds ,:it+ #ab p\nds ,bone black #a_/d p\nd ,yell[ o*] #b p\nds ,crimson4-- ,indian r$ #be p\nds ,crocus m>tis #g p\nds ,oxide ( z9c #f p\nds ,:it+ #f p\nds ,v&yke ,br[n4-- ,yell[ o*] #be p\nds ,:it+ #ah p\nds ,umb] #d p\nds ,oxide ( z9c #g p\nds ,purple oxide ( iron #a p\nd ,blood ,r$4-- ,crocus m>tis #cj p\nds ,:it+ #bj p\nds ,hematite #c p\nds ,silica #f p\nds ,v5etian r$ #b p\nds ,drab4-- ,yell[ o*] #dj p\nds ,:it+ #aj p\nds ,oxide ( z9c #h #a_/b p\nds ,sulphate ( b>ytes #a p\nd ,pa9t = ,blackbo>ds4-- ,%ellac #a p\nd ,alcohol #a gallon ,lampblack 7f9e quality7 #d ounces ,p[d]$ em]y #d ounces ,ultram>9e blue #d ounces ,dissolve ! %ellac 9 ! alcohol4 ,place ! lampblack1 em]y1 & ultram>9e blue on a *eese-clo? /ra9]1 p\r on "p ( ! %ellac solution1 /irr+ con/antly & gradually add+ ! solution until all ( ! p[d]s h pass$ ?r\gh ! /ra9]4 ,d>k-,gre5 ,pa9t = ,blackbo>ds4--,mix #a "p ,prussian blue & #a "p *rome gre5 ) equal p>ts ( gild]s' size & alcohol to a ?9 cream consi/5cy4 ,apply ) a l>ge1 /iff bru% & aft] an h\r a second coat is giv54 ,aft] #bd to #dh h\rs smoo? ! surface ) a felt clo?4 ,?is r5d]s x ri* & velvety4 ,! %ade mu/ be a deep black gre5 & ! quantities ( ! colors h to be modifi$ accord+ly if necess>y4 ,old blackbo>ds %\ld be previ\sly ?or\ghly clean$ ) soda4 ,,bronz+ ,,solutions ,,= ,,pa9ts4 ,i4--,! s-call$ 8banana solution0 7! "n be+ d]iv$ f its odor7 :i* is us$ 9 apply+ bronzes ( v>i\s k9ds1 is usually a mixture ( equal p>ts ( amyl acetate1 acetone1 & b5z9e1 ) j en\gh pyroxyl9e dissolv$ !re9 to give x body4 ,p[d]$ bronze is put into a bottle conta9+ ?is mixture & ! pa9t s =m$ appli$ ) a bru%4 ,! ?9 cov]+ ( pyroxyl9e t is left aft] ! evaporation ( ! liquid protects ! bronze f ! air & keeps x f be+ wip$ (f by ! cleanly h\semaid4 ,t>ni%$ picture frames & t>ni%$ *&eli]s to :i* a gold bronze has be5 appli$ f su* a solution w look fre% & new = a long "t4 ,copp] bronze z well z gold bronze & ! v>i\s color$ bronze p[d]s c be us$ 9 ! 8banana solution0 = mak+ v pretty adv]tis+ signs = use 9 ! drug /ore4 ,lett]+ & bord]+ "w ^u ! signs c be done ) x4 ,sev]al v small1 /iff pa9t]s' bru%es are ne$$ = su* "w & !y mu/ #dij be ei!r kept 9 ! solution :5 n 9 use1 or1 bett] /ill1 wa%$ 9 b5z9e or acetone imm$iately aft] use & put away = future s]vice4 ,z ! 8banana solution0 is volatile1 x mu/ be kept well cork$4 ,,ii4--,a good bronz+ solution = pa9t t9s1 appli$ by dipp+1 is made by dissolv+ ,syrian asphaltum 9 spirits ( turp5t9e1 etc41 & ?9n+ x d[n ) ^! solv5ts to ! prop] bronze color & consi/5cy4 ,a little good boil$ oil w increase ! adh]5ce4 ,pa9t ,bru%es4--,to s(t5 a h>d pa9t bru%1 /& ! bru% ov]night 9 a pot ( s(t soap & clean 9 w>m wat]4 ,aft]w>ds clean 9 b5z9e4 ,if ! bru% is wrapp$ ) a /r+ d n let ! /r+ t\* ! soap4 ,pa9t bru%es :i* h dri$ up z h>d z /one c be clean$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,dissolve #a "p soda 9 #c p>ts wat]2 p\r ! solution 9 a cyl9d] glass1 & susp5d 9 x ! bru%es to be clean$1 s t !y are ab\t #b in*es f ! bottom ( ! vessel4 ,let x rema9 undi/urb$ at a temp]ature ( #adj to #aeh ,f41 #ab to #bd h\rs1 aft] :i* ! mo/ indurat$ bru%es w h become s(t1 s t !y c be readily clean$ ) soap4 ,x is ess5tial1 h[ev]1 to obs]ve ! temp]ature1 z bri/le bru%es w be injur$ & spoil$ if ! heat is great]4 ,black4--,a ,p]man5t ,black ( ,ri* ,lu/] = ,metal ,boxes4--,dissolve *lorate ( potassium & blue vitriol1 equal p>ts1 9 #cf times z mu* wat]1 & all[ ! solution to cool4 ,! p>ts to be black$ may be ei!r dipp$ 9 ! solution1 or ! solution may be fl[$ on & all[$ to rema9 until ! metal becomes black1 aft] :i* ! fixtures %\ld be r9s$ 9 clean wat] & all[$ to dry4 ,^? p>ts ( ! surface :i* %[ imp]fections 9 ! black %\ld be recoat$4 ,dead ,:ite on ,silv] ,"w1 etc4--,bruise *>coal v f9ely & mix x ) calc9$ borax 9 ! proportion ( #d p>ts ( *>coal to #a ( borax4 ,( ?is make a pa/e ) wat]2 apply ?is pa/e on ! p>ts to be dead5$2 next expose ! piece to ! fire ( well-lit coal until x acquires a *]ry-r$ %ade2 all[ to cool & !n place x 9 wat] slightly acidulat$ ) sulphuric acid4 ,! ba? mu/ n be m ?an #e ,b4 ,leave ! piece 9 ! ba? ab\t #b h\rs1 !n r9se (f sev]al times4 ,:ite ,coat+ = ,signs1 etc4--,a :ite color = signs & articles expos$ to ! air is prep>$ z foll[s = ! la/ coat3 ,?9 s-call$ ,dut* 8/&0 oil ) oil ( turp5t9e to work+ consi/5cy1 & gr9d 9 x equal p>ts ( z9c :ite & :ite lead1 n add+ mu* siccative1 z ! :ite lead assi/s ! dry+ consid]ably4 ,if ! pa9t is smoo!d well ) a badg] bru%1 a v durable :ite color ( great gloss is obta9$4 ,l9se$ oil1 or v>ni% :i* has ?ick5$ l 8/&0 oil by long op5 /or+1 w answ] equally well4 ,to ,prev5t ,crawl+ ( ,pa9ts4--,probably ! be/ me?od to pursue w be to take an ord9>y flannel rag & c>efully rub x ov] ! "w previ\s to v>ni%+1 /rip+1 or pa9t+4 ,?is simple op]ation w obviate ! possibility ( crawl+4 ,9 "s in/ances1 h[ev]1 crawl+ may be trac$ to a defective v>ni%4 ,! latt]1 aft] dry+ ev5ly on a well-prep>$ pa9t surface w at times crawl1 leav+ small pitm>ks4 ,= ?is1 ! simple rem$y consi/s 9 pur*as+ v>ni% f a reputable manufactur]4 ,,firepro( ,,pa9ts3 ,see also ,firepro(+4 ,firepro(+ pa9ts ( effective quality are prep>$ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,naturally no oily or greasy sub/ances ent] into _! composition1 ! bl5d+ ag5t be+ simply wat]4 ,i4--,"o ( ! /&+ pa9ts consi/s ( #dj p\nds ( p[d]$ asbe/os1 #aj p\nds ( alum9ate ( soda1 #aj p\nds ( lime1 & #cj p\nds ( silicate ( soda1 ) ! addition ( any non-ros9\s color+ matt] desir$4 ,! :ole is ?or\ghly mix$ ) en\gh wat] to produce a p]fect bl5d & r5d] an easy application4 ,two or m coats ( ?is is ! rule 9 apply+ x to any wood surface1 inside or outside ( build+4 ,,ii4--,ano!r =mula involves ! use ( #dj p\nds ( f9ely gr\nd glass1 a l am\nt ( gr\nd porcela91 & simil>ly ( ,*9a clay or ! same quantity ( p[d]$ asbe/os1 & #bj p\nds ( quicklime4 ,^! mat]ials are gr\nd v f9e & !n mix$ 9 #fj p\nds ( liquid silicate ( soda ) wat]1 z 9 ! prec$+ =mula4 ,two or m coats1 if necess>y1 are giv54 ,ea* ( ^! pa9ts is appli$ ) a bru% 9 ! ord9>y way1 ! dry+ be+ accompli%$ 9 a few h\rs1 &1 if color+ matt] is desir$1 ! above proportions are v>i$ accord+ly4 ,,iii4--,a surface coat$ ) #c coats ( wat] glass1 ^! #c coats be+ #dia subsequ5tly coat$ ) wat] glass conta9+ en\gh :it+ or gr\nd *alk to make x a trifle ?ick] ?an ord9>y pa9t1 is practically non-inflammable1 only yield+ to fi]ce consum+ flames aft] a some:at protract$ exposure4 ,,iv4--,z9c :ite1 #gj p\nds2 air-slak$ lime1 #ci p\nds2 :ite lead1 #ej p\nds2 sulphate ( z9c1 #aj p\nds2 silicate ( soda1 #g gallons4 ,! z9c :ite & lime are mix$ toge!r1 !n gr\nd 9 ela/ic oil1 aft] :i* ! silicate ( soda is add$1 ?is addition be+ foll[$ by ! :ite lead & sulphate ( z9c4 ,?is :ite pa9t c be color$ to meet any desir$ %ade & x may be class$ z a good work+ pa9t & probably firepro( to ! same ext5t t mo/ ( ! pret5ti\sly s\nd$ pigm5ts on ! m>kets are4 ,firepro( & ,wat]pro( ,pa9ts4--,! foll[+ recipes are claim$ to resi/ bo? fire & wat]3 ,a prep>ation = protect+ wood aga9/ ! action ( fire & ( moi/ure1 & also = produc+ on ! surface ( wood & metal a coat1 insulat+ ) ref]5ce to electricity & pres]vative f corrosion1 has be5 introduc$ 9 ,france by ,l\is ,be?isy & ,myr?il ,rose4 ,! bases or fundam5tal raw mat]ials q di/9ct f ^? hi!rto employ$ = ! same purpose1 are #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( nitro-cellulose & #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ( *loride ( lime1 dissolv$ 9 #ej p] c5t alcohol4 ,prep>ation ( ! ,bases4--,! cellulose 7( wood1 pap]1 cotton1 l951 ramie1 or hemp7 is put 9 contact ) two-?irds "p ( sulphuric acid ( #ff ,b4 & "o-?ird "p ( nitric acid ( #db ,b4 = "s #bj or #cj m9utes1 wa%$ ) pl5ty ( wat]1 & kept = #bd h\rs 9 a tank ( wat] suppli$ ) an en]getic curr5t4 ,! nitro-cellulose ?us obta9$ is blea*$ = ?is purpose2 a d\ble hypo*lorite ( alum9um & magnesium is employ$4 ,?is is obta9$ by gr9d+ toge!r #ajj p>ts ( *loride ( lime1 #fj p>ts ( alum9um sulphate1 #bc p>ts ( magnesium sulphate1 ) #bjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,:5 ! nitro-cellulose is blea*$ & rewa%$1 x is r$uc$ to p[d] & dri$ z ?or\ghly z possible4 ,x is !n plac$ 9 a vat h]metically clos$ & put 9 contact ) ! indicat$ proportion ( calcium *loride dissolv$ 9 alcohol4 ,?is solution ( calcium *loride %\ld be prep>$ at lea/ #bd h\rs 9 advance & filt]$4 ,composition ( ! ,coat+4--,?is has ! foll[+ con/itu5ts3 ,bases 7nitro-cellulose & solution ( calcium *loride71 #a "p2 amyl acetate 7solv5t ( ! bases71 #e p>ts1 by weight2 sulphuric e!r ( #fe1 #a4fej p>ts1 by weight2 alcohol1 #j4hej p>ts1 by weight2 "o ( ^! p[d]s1 alum1 talc1 asbe/os1 or mica1 #j4ajj p>ts4 ,o!r solv5ts may be employ$ in/ead ( amyl acetate2 = example1 acetone1 acetic acid1 e!r alcohol1 or me?ylic alcohol4 ,! e!r alcohol furni%es a product dry+ v quickly4 ,if a v pliant coat+ is desir$1 ! amyl acetate is employ$ pref]ably1 ) addition ( vasel9e oil1 #j4bj p>ts1 & lav5d] oil1 #j4jaj p>ts4 ,me?od ( ,op]at+4--,! sulphuric acid is mix$ ) ! alcohol1 & left = an h\r 9 contact1 %ak+ f "t to "t4 ,aft]w>ds ! amyl acetate is add$1 & left 9 contact = ano!r h\r "u simil> agitation4 ,9 case ( ! employm5t ( vasel9e oil & lav5d] oil1 ^! two are m+l$ 9 e!r alcohol4 ,! base is introduc$ & left 9 contact = #bd h\rs1 ) frequ5t agitation4 ,! fluidity ( ! product is augm5t$ by increas+ ! quantity ( ! solv5t4 ,prop]ties4--,wood cov]$ ) ?is coat+ is firepro(1 non-hygrometric1 & refractory to ! electric curr5t4 ,x also resi/s ! action ( acids & alkalies4 ,metals cov]$ ) x are %elt]$ f oxidation1 & effectually insulat$ on _! surface f ! electric curr5t4 ,! coat+ is liquid 9 =m1 & appli$ l collodions1 ei!r by ! bru% or by imm]sion or o!r suitable me?od4 ,pa9t ,dead5+4--,9 ord] to obta9 an ev5 dullness ( l>ge walls1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,aft] all ! dirt has be5 c>efully swept (f1 oil ) #b p>ts l9se$ oil & #a "p turp5t9e & rub d[n ! smoo? places 9 ! wet oil ) pumice /one4 ,:5 ! oil coat+ is dry1 mix ! gr\nd pa9t1 consi/+ ( :it+1 #b p>ts2 & :ite lead1 #a "p2 bo? f9ely gr\nd & dilut$ z above4 ,d n apply ! gr\nd+ too ?91 because ! *alk 9 itself possesses little cov]+ p[]4 ,x is n ! mission ( ! *alk1 h[ev]1 to adult]ate ! mat]ial1 b to af=d a h>d f\ndation = ! subsequ5t coats4 ,= ! ?ird coat+ take :ite lead1 #a "p2 & z9c :ite1 #a "p2 ?9 z above & bl5d ) a s(t hair p5cil4 ,= ! f9al application use only z9c :ite1 gr\nd /iff 9 oil ) any desir$ mix+ color & ?9n$ ) turp5t9e & ra9 wat]4 ,mix ! #dib wat] & ! turp5t9e ) ! color at ! same "t1 & ?is coat may be dabb$ in/ead ( bl5d$4 ,by ! addition ( wat] ! pa9t becomes dull m sl[ly & is a little m difficult to lay on2 b x does n %[ a trace ( gloss aft] a few days & nev] turns yell[1 ev5 9 places less expos$ to ! air1 & besides excels by great p]man5cy4 ,ano!r way is to add :ite wax in/ead ( wat] to ! la/ coat+4 ,?is wax pa9t also gives a h&some dullness b is m difficult ( treatm5t4 ,a nice matt coat+ is also obta9$ by addition ( ,v5etian soap1 dissolv$ 9 wat] in/ead ( ! wax4 ,?is is v desirable = *ur* decorations :]e exceptionally l>ge surfaces are to be dead5$4 ,,pa9t ,,dry]s3 ,i4--,ord9>y b>ytes #be p\nds ,:it+ #d p\nds ,li?>ge #b p\nds ,sulphate ( z9c #b p\nds ,sug> ( lead #b p\nds ,boil$ l9se$ oil #e p\nds ,pla/] ( ,p>is #a_/b p\nd ,,ii4--,:it+ #af p\nds ,b>ytes #af p\nds ,:ite lead #c p\nds ,boil$ l9se$ oil #c_/d gallon ,,pa9ts ,,= ,,gold ,,& ,,gild+3 ,gold ,pa9ts4--,! =mulas ( ! v>i\s gold pa9ts on ! m>ket are c>efully gu>d$ trade secrets4 ,ess5tially !y consi/ ( a bronze p[d] mix$ ) a v>ni%4 ,! be/ bronze p[d] = ! purpose is :at is kn[n 9 ! trade z 8,fr5* flake10 a deep gold bronze4 ,?is bronze1 z se5 "u ! microscope1 consi/s ( t9y flakes or spangles ( ! bronze metal4 ,z ea* m9ute flake =ms a facet = ! reflection ( color1 ! pa9t made ) x is mu* m brilliant ?an t prep>$ f f9ely p[d]$ bronze4 ,= mak+ gold pa9t l ! s-call$ 8wa%able gold enamel0 t is sold by ! manufactur]s at ! pres5t "t1 x is necess>y to mix a celluloid v>ni% ) ! ,fr5* flake bronze p[d]4 ,?is v>ni% is made by dissolv+ transp>5t celluloid 9 amyl acetate 9 ! proportion ( ab\t #e p] c5t ( celluloid4 ,transp>5t celluloid1 f9ely %r$d$ #a ounce ,acetone1 suffici5t quantity4 ,amyl acetate to make #bj ounces4 ,dige/ ! celluloid 9 ! acetone until dissolv$ & add ! amyl acetate4 ,f #a to #d ounces ( flake bronze is to be mix$ ) ?is quantity ( v>ni%4 ,= silv] pa9t or 8alum9um enamel10 flake alum9um bronze p[d] %\ld be us$ 9 place ( ! gold4 ,! celluloid v>ni% incloses ! bronze p>ticles 9 an imp]vi\s coat+1 air-tight & wat]-tight4 ,z x conta9s no?+ t w act ^u ! bronze1 ! latt] reta9s its lu/] = a long p]iod1 until ! v>ni%$ surface becomes worn or abrad$ & ! bronze ?us expos$ to atmosph]ic action4 ,all ( ! 8gold0 or1 m prop]ly1 gilt furniture t is sold s *eaply by ! furniture & dep>tm5t /ores is gild$ ) a pa9t ( ?is k9d1 & = t reason su* furniture c be (f]$ at a mod]ate price4 ,! f9i% is surpris+ly durable1 & 9 color & lu/] is a v close imitation ( real gold-leaf "w4 ,?is pa9t is also us$ on picture frames ( *eap & m$ium grades1 tak+ ! place ( gold leaf or ! lacqu]$ silv] leaf =m]ly us$ on articles ( ! bett] grades2 x is also sub/itut$ = 8,dut* metal10 or imitation gold leaf1 on ! *eape/ class ( "w4 ,a *eap] gold pa9t is made by us+ an inexp5sive v>ni% compos$ ( gutta p]*a1 gum damm>1 or "s o!r v>ni% gum1 dissolv$ 9 b5zole1 or 9 a mixture ( b5zole & b5z9e4 ,! pa9ts made ) a celluloid-amyl-acetate v>ni% give (f a /rong banana-l odor :5 appli$1 & may be readily recogniz$ by ?is *>act]i/ic4 ,! impalpably p[d]$ bronzes are call$ 8l9+0 bronzes4 ,!y are *iefly us$ = /rip+ or l9+ by c>riage pa9t]s2 9 bronz+ gas fixtures & metal "w2 9 fresco & o!r int]ior decoration1 & 9 pr9t+2 ! use ( a v f9e p[d] 9 inks or pa9ts admits ( ! draw+ or pr9t+ ( v delicate l9es4 ,l9+ bronze is also us$ on picture frames or o!r pla/ic ornam5tal "w4 ,mix$ ) a ?9 weak glue siz+ x is appli$ ov] 8burni%+ clay10 & :5 dry is poli%$ ) agate burni%]s4 ,! object ?us treat$1 aft] receiv+ a f9i%+ coat ( a ?9 transp>5t v>ni%1 imitates v closely 9 appe>ance a piece ( f9ely ca/ antique bronze4 ,to add /ill m to ?is effect ! burni%+ clay is color$ ! gre5i% black t is se5 9 ! deep p>ts ( real antique bronzes1 & ! bronze p[d]1 mix$ ) size1 is appli$ only to ! mo/ prom95t p>ts or 8high lights0 ( ! ornam5t4 #dic ,s9ce ! discov]y ( ! celluloid-amyl-acetate v>ni%1 or bronze liquid1 & its pres]vative prop]ties on bronze p[d]s1 manufactur]s h discont9u$ ! use ( liquids conta9+ oils1 turp5t9e1 or gums1 s9ce _! con/itu5ts corrode ! bronze metal1 caus+ ! pa9t f9ally to turn black4 ,gild+ 9 ,size4--,! old pa9t]s & gild]s us$ to prep>e ! gold size !mselves1 b n[adays x is usually b\ght ready made1 b>r+ ! :ite ( egg additional4 ,! be/ & mo/ reliable1 & especially suit$ = f9e "w1 is und\bt$ly ! r$ ,fr5* gold size4 ,x is clean$1 z f> z possible1 ( all impurities1 & p[d]$4 ,= #bdf gra9s take #a :ite ( egg2 put x into a glass1 tak+ c>e to exclude ! yolk entirely--o!rwise ! burni% w %[ black spots4 ,beat ! :ite ( egg to a fro? ) a long1 well-clean$ bri/le bru%2 add ! fro? to ! size & gr9d f9ely toge!r1 :i* is soon done4 ,:5 gr9d+1 a little wat] & r$ size1 if necess>y1 may be add$ 7use only wat] = ?9n+74 ,aft] be+ gr\nd1 ! size is =c$ ?r\gh a v f9e hair sieve into a p]fectly clean vessel1 & cov]$ up well1 = imm$iate or subsequ5t use4 ,! raw /uff ( ! r$ size is bolus1 :i* is dug 9 ,france & ,arm5ia 9 excell5t quality4 ,besides ! r$ size !re are yell[1 :ite 7pipe clay71 blue1 & gray 7alum9a71 :i* are us$ = c]ta9 purposes1 to enum]ate :i* "h w\ld lead too f>4 ,= burni% gold1 always take yell[ size = gr\nd "w4 ,dip a f9ely gr\nd bri/le bru% 9 ! gold size prep>$ = use2 fill a well-clean$ glass 7hold+ #a p9t7 half full ( wat]1 & add ! size conta9$ 9 ! bru%1 also ab\t #d to #e spoonfuls ( pure alcohol4 ,x is advisable n to take too mu* size2 ! liquid1 :5 appli$1 mu/ h>dly h a yell[ t9t4 ,:5 ?is is dry soon aft]1 comm5ce apply+ ! size1 = :i* a hair p5cil is us$4 ,! ess5tials are to pa9t ev5ly & n too ?ickly1 s t ! tone rema9s uni=m4 ,apply ?ree coats ( size4 ,:5 ! size is laid on correctly & has become dry1 bru% ! :ole ) a special bru%1 or rub ) a flannel rag1 s z to obta9 ! highe/ possible lu/]4 ,! size mu/ n /& too long2 o!rwise no gloss c be develop$4 ,aft] bru%+1 coat ! "w ) weak glue wat] & wrap x up 9 tissue pap] if ! gild+ is n to be done at once4 ,! /ricte/ cleanl9ess is ess5tial1 z ! r$ gold size is v s5sitive4 ,! p>ts :]e ! size has be5 appli$ mu/ n be t\*$ ) ! h&1 else grease spots w ensue1 :i* w make a flawless gloss 9 gild+ impossible4 ,! lea/ relaxation ( ! necess>y att5tion may spoil ! :ole job1 s t ev]y?+ has to be gr\nd (f aga94 ,! necess>y tools = ! application ( gold leaf are3 ,hair p5cils ( v>i\s sizes1 tip1 cu%ion1 & gild+ knife1 z ) oil-gild+4 ,take pure alcohol or gra9 br&y1 & dilute ) two-?irds wat]4 ,:5 ready to apply ! gold leaf1 dip a hair p5cil ( suitable size into ! fluid1 b d n h x full en\gh t ! alcohol w run on ! size gr\nd4 ,moi/5 a portion ( ! gr\nd surface z l>ge z ! gold leaf1 :i* is laid on imm$iately aft]4 ,proce$ 9 ! same mann]1 fir/ moi/5+1 !n apply+ ! ready-cut gold leaf4 ,! latt] mu/ n be press$ on1 b m]ely laid d[n lightly1 "o leaf a little ov] ! edge ( ! previ\s "o1 )\t us+ up too mu* gold4 ,te*nical practice 9 gold-leaf gild+ is presuppos$2 ?r\gh ?is alone c any skill be acquir$1 read+ be+ ( no avail4 ,! leaf ( gold be+ appli$1 all du/ mu/ be swept (f by means ( a light1 f9e hair p5cil 7b nev] aga9/ ! ov]lapp+ edges71 & ! burni%+ is comm5c$4 ,= ?is purpose !re are special agate tools ( ! %ape ( a horn4 ,fl9t /one1 blood /one1 & wolf's tee? are sometimes1 b gradually m seldom1 employ$4 ,burni% till a full1 f9e lu/] appe>s2 b v c>efully avoid d5ts & l9es1 n to speak ( scrat*es1 :i* w\ld be v h>d to m5d4 ,gold ,enamel ,pa9ts4-- ,i4--,pure turps #f p9ts ,copal v>ni% #a p9t ,good gold bronze #f #a_/b p\nds ,calcis hydrate 7dry-slak$ lime7 #a_/b ounce ,mix ! v>ni% & turps at a g5tle heat1 !n slake well ) ! lime1 & settle = a few days1 !n p\r (f ! clean portion & mix ) ! p[d]4 ,,ii4--,:ite h>d v>ni% #a gallon ,me?ylat$ _s #c_/d gallon ,gold bronze #ab p\nds ,f9ely p[d]$ mica #c ounces ,mix ! v>ni% & ! _s1 r$uce ! mica to an impalpable p[d]1 mix ) ! gold1 !n add to ! liquid4 ,_m bronze p[d]s conta9 a goodly #did proportion ( mica1 z x imp>ts brilliancy4 ,p[d]$ "m-(-pe>l is us$ also4 ,,gra9+ ,,) ,,pa9t3 ,see also ,wood4 ,oak ,gra9+4--,prep>e a pa9t ( two-?irds ( :ite lead & "o-?ird ( gold5 o*] ) ! requisite am\nt ( boil$ l9se$ oil & a little dri]1 & cov] ! floor twice ) ?is mixture1 :i* possesses great cov]+ p[]4 ,:5 ! la/ coat+ is dry1 pa9t ! floor ) a ?9ly liquid pa9t consi/+ ( v>ni% & si5na1 apply+ ! same 9 ! longitud9al direction ( ! bo>ds4 ,treat a /rip ab\t #bj in*es wide at a "t1 & draw at once a broad pa9t bru% or1 9 ! abs5ce ( su*1 an ord9>y bru% or goose fea!r along ! planks ?r\gh ! wet pa9t1 :]eupon ! floor w acquire a nicely gra9$ appe>ance4 ,! pa9t requires sev]al days to dry4 ,a subsequ5t coat+ ( v>ni% w cause ! gra9+ to /& out /ill m prom95tly4 ,bir*4--,imitations ( bir* are usefully employ$ = furniture4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be a light1 clean buff1 made f :ite lead1 /a9$ ) ei!r yell[ o*] or raw si5na 9 oil4 ,9 gra9+1 bru% ov] ! surface ) a ?9 wa% ( w>m br[n1 mak+ ! panel ( #b or #c broad color %ades4 ,!n take a l>ge mottl] & mottle ! d>k] p>ts into ! light1 work+ slantwise1 z = maple1 b leav+ a broad & /iff m>k4 ,:ile ?is is /ill wet s(t5 ! panel & !n slightly mottle across ! previ\s "w to break x up4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dry1 c>efully wet ! "w ov] ) clean wat] & clean mottl]1 & put 9 d>k] ov]gra9 ) a ?9 oak ov]gra9] or ov]gra9] 9 tubes4 ,maple4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #a ounce deep v]milion2 #a ounce lemon *rome4 ,a%4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #a ounce deep v]milion2 #a ounce lemon *rome4 ,m$ium ,oak4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #b p\nds ,fr5* o*]2 #a ounce burnt umb]4 ,light ,oak4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #a ounce lemon *rome2 #a_/b p\nd ,fr5* o*]4 ,d>k ,oak4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #aj p\nds burnt umb]2 #a #a_/b p\nds m$ium ,v5etian r$4 ,sat9 ,wood4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #a ounce deep v]milion2 #a #a_/b p\nds lemon *rome4 ,poll>d ,oak4--,sev5ty-five p\nds :ite lead2 #bj p\nds ,fr5* o*]2 #c p\nds burnt umb]2 #b #a_/b p\nds m$ium ,v5etian r$4 ,pit* ,p9e4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #a_/d p\nd ,fr5* o*]2 #a_/b p\nd m$ium ,v5etian r$4 ,knott$ ,oak4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #i p\nds ,fr5* o*]2 #c #a_/b p\nds burnt umb]4 ,italian ,walnut4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #f p\nds ,fr5* o*]2 #a #a_/b p\nds burnt umb]2 #a #a_/d p\nds m$ium ,v5etian r$4 ,rosewood4--,n9e & "o-half p\nds burnt umb]2 #dj p\nds m$ium ,v5etian r$2 #aj p\nds orange *rome4 ,d>k ,mahogany4--,n9e & "o-half p\nds burnt umb]2 #dj p\nds m$ium ,v5etian r$2 #aj p\nds orange *rome4 ,light ,mahogany4--,sixty p\nds :ite lead2 #c p\nds burnt umb]2 #aj p\nds m$ium ,v5etian r$4 ,am]ican ,walnut4--,?irty p\nds :ite lead2 #i p\nds ,fr5* o*]2 #d p\nds burnt umb]2 #a p\nd m$ium ,v5etian r$4 ,,lum9\s ,,pa9ts4 ,! illum9at+ p[] ( ! phosphoresc5t masses obta9$ by heat+ /rontium ?iosulphate or b>ium ?iosulphate is consid]ably increas$ by ! addition1 be=e heat+1 ( small quantities ( ! nitrates ( uranium1 bismu?1 or ?orium4 ,add$ to calcium ?iosulphate1 ^! nitrates d n height5 ! lum9osity or phosphoresc5ce4 ,! product f /rontium ?iosulphate is m lum9\s ?an t ( ! b>ium comp\nd4 ,among ! be/ lum9\s pa9ts are ! foll[+3 ,i4--,l5nord's4--,"o hundr$ p>ts1 by weight1 ( /rontium c>bonate2 #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( sulphur2 #j4e p>ts1 by weight1 ( potassium *loride2 #j4e p>ts1 by weight1 ( sodium *loride2 #j4d p>ts1 by weight1 ( manganese *loride4 ,! mat]ials are heat$ = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r to "o h\r1 to ab\t #b1cgb ,f4 ,! product gives a violet light4 ,,ii4--,m\rel's4--,"o hundr$ p>ts1 by weight1 ( /rontium c>bonate2 #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ( sulphur2 #b p>ts1 by weight1 ( sodium c>bonate2 #j4e p>ts1 by weight1 ( sodium *loride2 #j4b p>ts1 by weight1 ( manganese sulphate4 ,! me?od ( treatm5t is ! same z 9 ! fir/1 ! phosphoresc5ce deep yell[4 #die ,,iii4--,van9o's4--,sixty p>ts1 by weight1 ( /rontium ?iosulphate2 #ab p>ts1 by weight1 ( a #j4e p] c5t acidifi$ alcoholic solution ( bismu? nitrate2 #f p>ts1 by weight1 ( a #j4e p] c5t alcoholic solution ( uranium nitrate4 ,! mat]ials are mix$1 dri$1 br\ght gradually to a temp]ature ( #b1cgb ,f41 & heat$ = ab\t an h\r4 ,! phosphoresc5ce is em]ald gre54 ,,iv4--,balma9's4--,tw5ty p>ts1 by weight1 ( calcium oxide 7burnt lime71 free f iron2 #f p>ts1 by weight1 ( sulphur2 #b p>ts1 by weight1 ( />*2 #a "p1 by weight1 ( a #j4e p] c5t solution ( bismu? nitrate2 #j4ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( potassium *loride2 #j4ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( sodium *loride4 ,! mat]ials are mix$1 dri$1 & heat$ to #a1cjj ,c4 7#b1cgb ,f474 ,! product gives a violet light4 ,to make ^! phosphoresc5t sub/ances effective1 !y are expos$ = a "t to direct sunlight2 or a m]cury lamp may be us$4 ,p[]ful inc&esc5t gas light also does well1 b requires m "t4 ,,pa9ts ,,= ,,metal ,,surfaces3 ,black5+ ,ornam5ts ( ,iron4--,i4--,to give iron ornam5ts a black-br[n to black color1 proce$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! articles are treat$ ) corrosives1 clean$ ( all adh]+ grease1 & plac$ 9 a #aj p] c5t solution ( potassium bi*romate1 dri$ 9 ! air1 & f9ally held ov] an op51 well-gl[+1 non-soot+ fire = #b m9utes4 ,! fir/ color+ is usually black br[n1 b if ?is process is repeat$ sev]al times1 a pure black %ade is obta9$4 ,special att5tion has to be paid to remov+ all grease1 o!rwise ! greasy spots w n be t\*$ by ! liquid1 & ! color+ produc$ w become irregul>4 ,b5z9e is employ$ = t purpose & ! articles mu/ n be t\*$ ) ! f+]s aft]w>ds4 ,,ii4--,?is process protects ! iron f ru/ = a long "t4 ,! treatm5t consi/s 9 coat+ ! objects v uni=mly ) a ?9 lay] ( l9se$-oil v>ni%1 & burn+ x (f ov] a *>coal fire4 ,dur+ ! deflagration ! draught mu/ be /opp$4 ,! v>ni% w fir/ g up 9 smoke ) a /rong =mation ( soot1 & f9ally burn up entirely4 ,! process is repeat$1 i4 e41 aft] "o coat+ is burn$ (f a new "o is appli$1 until ! p>ts exhibit a uni=mly h&some1 deep-black color4 ,next1 wipe (f ! cov]+ ) a dry rag & heat aga91 b only mod]ately4 ,f9ally1 ! articles are tak5 f ! fire & rubb$ ) a rag well saturat$ ) l9se$-oil v>ni%4 ,! black turns completely dull1 & =ms a real durable cov]+ = ! objects4 ,black = ,poli%$ ,iron ,pieces4--,apply successive lay]s ( a v conc5trat$ solution ( nitrate ( manganese dissolv$ 9 alcohol ov] a g5tle fire & ! wat] ba?4 ,! surfaces to be black5$ %\ld be previ\sly heat$4 ,by repeat+ ! lay]s all ! t9ts betwe5 br[ni% black & blui% black may be obta9$4 ,glossy ,black = ,bicycles1 etc4-- ,amb] #h ounces ,l9se$ oil #d ounces ,asphaltum #a #a_/b ounces ,ros9 #a #a_/b ounces ,oil turp5t9e #h ounces ,heat ! l9se$ oil to boil+ po9t1 add ! amb]1 asphaltum1 & ros91 & :5 all melt$ remove f ! fire & gradually add ! turp5t9e4 ,japan ,black4--,! foll[+ is a good japan black = metal surfaces3 ,take #ab ounces ( amb] & #b ounces ( asphaltum4 ,fuse by heat1 & add #a_/b p9t boil$ oil & #b ounces ( ros94 ,:5 cool+ add #af ounces ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,brass & ,bronze ,protective ,pa9t4--,z a protective cov]+1 especially = brass & bronze objects1 a colorless celluloid solution is recomm5d$1 su* z is f\nd 9 trade "u ! "n ( 8,zapon0 7q4 v474 ,pa9t = ,copp]4--,dissolve #a ounce ( alum 9 #a qu>t ( w>m s(t wat]4 ,:5 cold add fl\r to make x ab\t ! consi/5cy ( cream1 !n add #a_/b ?imble ( ros9 & #a_/b ounce ( sug> ( lead4 ,prim+ ,iron4--,! foll[+1 if c>efully c>ri$ out1 gives ! be/ satisfaction3 ,! fir/ /ep consi/s 9 ?or\ghly clean+ ! surface ( ! iron1 remov+ all adhesions 9 ! way ( dirt1 ru/1 etc41 be=e ! "q ( prim+ is consid]$4 ,z pa9t 9 ?is in/ance is appli$ m ) a view ( protect+ ! iron f atmosph]ic influ5ces1 r ?an = a decorative effect1 c>eful att5tion %\ld be devot$ = secur+ a base or surface :i* is calculat$ to produce a ?or\gh & p]man5t application4 ,a great deal dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! metal to be pa9t$4 ,common ca/ iron1 = in/ance1 possess+ a r\gh ext]ior1 #dif ) ord9>y precautions c be m readily pa9t$ ) ! prospect ( a p]man5t adhesion ( ! pa9t1 ?an a plan$ /eel or wr\ght-iron surface4 ,) ! latt] x has be5 demon/rat$ t a h>d & ela/ic pa9t is ne$$1 :ile ) reg>d to ca/ iron1 o!r pa9ts conta9+ iron oxides are m suitable4 ,= good dry+ & cov]+ prop]ties1 z well z ela/icity1 a good boil$ oil to :i* has be5 add$ an adequate proportion ( r$ lead w be f\nd to =m an excell5t pa9t = smoo? metal surfaces4 ,! prim>y object is to protect ! surface ( ! iron f moi/ure = ! purpose ( avoid+ ru/4 ,! prim+ mu/ !re=e be c>ri$ out s t x w /ick1 aft] :i* subsequ5t coats may be add$ if desir$4 ,x is advisable t articles made ( iron %\ld fir/ be coat$ ) l9se$-oil v>ni%4 ,x dries sl[ly1 h>d5s1 & enables ! op]ator aft]w>ds to ex]cise an effective control ov] ! condition ( 8 mat]ial4 ,iron mu/ be absolutely dry & free f ru/ :5 x is to be pa9t$4 ,x is be/ to apply next a coat+ ( hot l9se$ oil2 :5 dry ?is %\ld be foll[$ by a prim+ ( pure r$ lead 9 good l9se$ oil1 & ! iron %\ld !n be pa9t$ z desir$1 us+ gr\nd oil pa9ts & leav+ an int]val ( a week betwe5 ea* coat+4 ,cem5t+ %\ld be done aft] ! r$ lead prim+1 b ! la/ coat mu/ n be giv5 until ! :ole is ?or\ghly dry4 ,bright oil pa9ts & an upp] coat+ ) pl5ty ( oil resi/ ! effects ( heat bett] ?an ?9 coat+s2 moreov]1 ru/ c be detect$ 9 its e>ly /ages ) ! =m]4 ,coat+s ( t> & asphalt 7asphalt dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e7 are practicable = und]gr\nd pipes1 b are n adapt$ = pipes expos$ to ! air1 z !y are quickly spoil$4 ,asphalt v>ni%1 us$ = coat+ coal scuttles1 fire scre5s1 etc41 consi/s ( asphalt dissolv$ 9 l9se$-oil v>ni%4 ,iron /oves & /ovepipes are be/ coat$ ) graphite4 ,galvaniz$ ,iron4--,= galvaniz$ iron !re has be5 recomm5d$ a wa% consi/+ simply ( dilute hydro*loric acid1 :i* produces *loride ( z9c1 t 9 comb9ation ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air is said to produce a film ^u :i* oil color takes z good a hold z x w\ld ^u ord9>y %eet iron4 ,ano!r me?od :i* has be5 te/$ & f\nd effective is to make a solution z foll[s3 ,"o ounce ( *loride ( copp]2 #a ounce nitrate ( copp]2 #a ounce sal ammoniac1 dissolv$ 9 #b qu>ts ( s(t wat]1 to :i* is add$ #a ounce ( crude or comm]cial hydro*loric acid4 ,?is solution %\ld be made 9 an e>!nw>e di% or pot1 or 9 glass or /onew>e1 z t9 w precipitate ! copp] salts & make ! solution imp]fect4 ,to l>ge surfaces ?is solution is appli$ ) a broad bru%1 :5 ! surface assumes a deep black color1 :i* 9 dry+ out 9 f #ab to #bd h\rs becomes a gray :ite1 ^u :i* ! prop]ly prep>$ prim] w take a p]man5t grip4 ,on ! film s produc$ a mu* ?9n] pa9t w cov] v mu* bett] ?an a /\t] pa9t w\ld on ! untreat$ galvaniz$ or ord9>y iron surface4 ,a s+le trial w conv9ce ! craftsman t ?is treatm5t is a me?od t w give la/+ results1 provid$ he tries ! same prim+ pa9t on ! treat$ & untreat$ surface4 ,to ,pa9t ,wr\ght ,iron ) ,graphite4--,9 ord] to make wr\ght iron look l new mix f9e graphite ) equal p>ts ( v>ni% & turp5t9e oil1 add+ a little siccative4 ,pa9t ! iron p>ts ) ?is twice1 all[+ to dry ea* "t4 ,especially ! second coat+ mu/ be p]fectly dry be=e fur!r treatm5t4 ,! latt] consi/s 9 prep>+ graphite ) _s & apply+ x v ?9ly ov] ! fir/ coat4 ,aft] ! dry+ or evaporation ( ! _s ! graphite la/ appli$ is bru%$ vigor\sly1 :]eby a h&some1 durable gloss is produc$4 ,pa9t = ,iron ,bodies ,expos$ to ,heat4--,dilute #a "p soda wat] glass ) #b p>ts wat] & mix intimately ) ! foll[+ pigm5ts3 ,:ite4--,:ite lead or sulphate ( b>ium4 ,yell[4--,*romate ( b>ium1 o*]1 or uranium yell[4 ,gre54--,*romic oxide or ultram>9e gre54 ,blue4--,ultram>9e4 ,br[n4--,oxide ( cadmium1 oxide ( manganese or t]ra di si5na4 ,r$4--,engli% r$ or *rome r$4 ,bronze p[d] 9 a suitable quantity may be add$ to ! mixture1 b n m pa9t %\ld be prep>$ ?an c be us$ up 9 a few h\rs4 ,! bronze p[d] may also be /rewn on ! fre% pa9t1 or appli$ ) a dry bru%1 to enhance ! gloss4 ,?is pa9t is n affect$ by heat1 & is inodor\s4 ,protective ,coat+ = ,bright ,iron ,articles4--,z9c :ite1 #cj p>ts2 #dig lampblack1 #b p>ts2 tall[1 #g p>ts2 vasel9e1 #a "p2 olive oil1 #c p>ts2 v>ni%1 #a "p4 ,boil toge!r #a_/d h\r & add #a_/b "p ( b5z9e & #a_/d "p ( turp5t9e1 /irr+ ! mass c>efully & boil+ = "s "t4 ,! f9i%$ pa/e-l sub/ance c be readily remov$ ) a rag )\t ! use ( solv5ts4 ,ru/ ,pa9ts4--,i4--,a new ru/ pa9t is produc$ by ! foll[+ process3 ,mix #ajj p>ts dry iron sulphate & #hg p>ts sodium *lorate & heat to #a1ejj to #a1hjj ,f4 ,! *lor9e set free seems to h a v favorable action on ! color ( ! simultane\sly =m+ iron oxide4 ,9 ord] to avoid1 h[ev]1 too f>-rea*+ an effect ( ! *lor9e gas1 ab\t #ah p\nds ( a sub/ance :i* absorbs ! same me*anically1 su* z kaol91 gr\nd pumice /one1 o*]1 etc41 are add$ to ! mixture4 ,,ii4--,a mat]ial kn[n "u ! names ( l>dite1 /eatite1 agalmatolite1 pagodite1 is excell5tly adapt$ z a sub/itute = ! ord9>y metallic protective ag5t ( ! pigm5ts & has ! prop]ty ( protect+ iron f ru/ 9 an effective mann]4 ,9 ,*9a1 l>dite is us$ = protect+ edifices ( s&/one1 :i* crumbles "u ! action ( ! atmosph]e4 ,likewise a ?9 lay] ( p[d]$ /eatite1 appli$ 9 ! =m ( pa9t1 has be5 f\nd valuable !re z a protector aga9/ ! decay ( obelisks1 /atues1 etc4 ,l>dite1 besides1 possesses ! quality ( be+ exce$+ly f9e-gra9$1 :i* r5d]s ?is mat]ial valuable = use 9 %ip pa9t+4 ,gr\nd /eatite is "o ( ! f9e/ mat]ials :i* c be produc$1 & no o!r s quickly & firmly adh]es to ! fib]s ( iron & /eel4 ,fur!rmore1 /eatite is light] ?an metallic cov]+ ag5ts1 & cov]s1 mix$ 9 pa9t1 a l>g] surface ?an z9c :ite1 r$ lead1 or iron oxide4 ,/eatite z x occurs 9 ,switz]l& is us$ !re & 9 ! ,tyrol = /oves1 s9ce x is firepro(4 ,/eel4--,an excell5t coat+ = /eel1 imitat+ ! blue color ( natural /eel1 is compos$ ( :ite %ellac1 #e p>ts2 borax1 #a "p2 alcohol1 #e p>ts2 wat]1 #d p>ts2 & a suffici5t quantity ( me?yl5e blue4 ,! borax is dissolv$ 9 wat]1 ! %ellac 9 alcohol4 ,! aque\s solution ( ! borax is heat$ to a boil & ! alcoholic solution ( ! %ellac is add$ ) con/ant /irr+4 ,next add ! blue color1 cont9u+ to /ir4 ,be=e ?is coat+ is appli$ to ! /eel1 e4 g41 ! spokes ( a bicycle1 ! latt] are fir/ rubb$ (f ) f9e em]y pap]4 ,! coat is put on ) a s(t rag4 ,! quantity ( pigm5t to be add$ is v small4 ,by v>y+ ! quantity a pal] or d>k] color+ ( ! /eel c be produc$4 ,,pa9ts ,,= ,,ro(s ,,& ,,ro( ,,pap]3 ,c>bol9eum4--,?is ,g]man prep>ation is made 9 ?ree colors4 ,i4--,pale4--,melt toge!r 9 an iron kettle1 ov] a nak$ fire1 #cj p>ts ( ,am]ican ros9 ,f & #aej p>ts ( pale p>aff9e oil & /ir 9 #aj p>ts ( s+le rectifi$ ros9 oil4 ,,ii4--,d>k4--,melt #ajj p>ts ( an?rac5e oil & #bj p>ts ( ,am]ican ros9 ,f on a sl[ fire4 ,next /ir 9 #b p>ts ( ,p>a rubb] solution 7or solution ( ca\t*\c wa/e7 & keep on boil+ until all is dissolv$4 ,:5 ?is is done !re %\ld be /ill add$ #e p>ts ( crude conc5trat$ c>bolic acid & #e p>ts ( z9c *loride lye1 #ej ,b41 /irr+ until cool4 ,! la/-nam$ admixture is n absolutely necess>y1 b highly advisable1 ow+ to its extraord9>y pres]vative & bact]icidal prop]ties4 ,,iii4--,color$4--,= r$1 melt #ajj p>ts ( coal-t> oil1 !n /ir 9 #ej p>ts ( pale p>aff9e oil1 & f9ally #ge p>ts ( bole or iron m9ium1 & pass ?r\gh ! pa9t mill4 ,al?\gh ! addition ( iron m9ium is v desirable1 x is consid]ably m exp5sive4 ,= gray1 proce$ z above1 ) ! exception t metallic gray is us$ 9 place ( ! bole4 ,= gre51 metallic gre5 is employ$4 ,! colors are id5tical ) ^? us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ro( v>ni%4 ,to increase ! antiseptic prop]ties ( ! color$ c>bol9eum1 any desir$ additions ( ph5ol or z9c *loride solutions may be made1 b ! *ief requirem5t 9 ! case ( color$ c>bol9eum is good cov]+ p[] ( ! coat+4 ,pa9ts = ,ro(s ,cov]$ ) ,t> ,pap]1 = ,ro(+ ,pap]1 etc4-- ,i4--,di/ill$ coal t> #gj p>ts ,heavy m9]al oil 7lubricat+ oil7 #aj p>ts ,am]ican ros9 #bj p>ts ,,ii4--,di/ill$ coal t> #ej p>ts ,tr9idad asphalt #ae p>ts ,m9]al oil1 conta9+ p>aff9e #aj p>ts ,dry clay1 f9ely gr\nd #be p>ts ,imitation ,oil ,pa9t4--,s*ulz's ,g]man pat5t pa9t is *eap1 & claim$ to be #dih durable1 wea!rpro(1 & glossy1 l oil pa9t4 ,! application consi/s ( a gr\nd coat1 ^u :i* ! surface coat prop] is appli$ aft] ! =m] is dry4 ,= ! prep>ation ( ! gr\nd+ dissolve #a1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( ,m>seilles soap 9 #aj1jjj p>ts ( boil+ wat] & /ir4 ,9 a sep>ate vessel dissolve #b1jjj p>ts ( glue 9 #aj1jjj p>ts ( boil+ wat]1 add+ #ag1ejj p>ts ( _s ( sal ammoniac4 ,^! two solutions are p\r$ toge!r & well /irr$4 ,!n dissolve #djj p>ts ( *rome alum 9 #e1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 & p\r into ! above mixture4 ,to ?is mixture add #aj1jjj p>ts ( pipe clay1 /irr+ ! :ole well & t9t+ ) e>? colors1 o*]1 ,v&yke br[n1 etc4 ,! solid +r$i5ts mu/ be dissolv$ 9 boil+ hot wat]1 & sift$ s z to obta9 a f9ely divid$ gr\nd color4 ,?is prim+ is appli$ 9 a w>m /ate4 ,! coat+ prop] is put on ! gr\nd coat aft] x is dry1 9 ab\t "o-half to "o h\r4 ,= ?is coat dissolve #b1jjj p>ts ( cry/alliz$ alum 9 #aj1jjj p>ts ( boil+ wat] & add to ?is liquid a solution ( #b1jjj p>ts ( glue 9 #aj1jjj p>ts ( wat]2 9 a special vessel prep>e soapsuds ( #a1jjj p>ts ( ,m>seilles soap 9 #ab1jjj p>ts ( boil+ wat]2 dissolve #abj p>ts ( *rome alum 9 #a1ejj p>ts ( boil+ wat]1 & mix ! ?ree solutions toge!r ) dilig5t /irr+4 ,?is pa9t or liquid %\ld also be put on hot1 & assures a durable ext]ior pa9t4 ,,pa9ts1 ,,/a9s1 ,,etc41 ,,= ,,%ips4 ,anti-,f\l+ ,composition4--,make an agglut9ant by heat+ toge!r ,by weight ,:ite lead1 gr\nd 9 oil #b p>ts ,r$ lead1 dry #a "p ,raw l9se$ oil #ad p>ts ,:ile hot /ir 9 yell[ o*]1 kaol91 bak$ clay 9 p[d]1 or any in]t body1 su* z silica1 b>ytes1 gypsum1 etc41 to =m a /iff d\gh1 &1 )\t all[+ ?is comp\nd to become cold 7! vessel %\ld n be remov$ f ! s\rce ( heat71 dilute ) m or less manganese l9oleate to ! requir$ consi/5cy4 ,m>9e ,pa9t to ,resi/ ,sea ,wat]4--,fir/ prep>e ! wat]-resi/+ agglut9ant by heat+ toge!r ,dry :ite lead1 c>bonate only #a "p ,li?>ge #a "p ,l9se$ oil 7fluid measure7 #ad p>ts ,heat ^! & /ir until ( ! consi/5cy ( ?ick glue1 & = e #cf p>ts1 by weight1 ( ?is comp\nd add #c p>ts1 by weight1 ( turp5t9e1 & #a "p1 by weight1 ( ma/ic v>ni% 7ma/ic ros9 dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e72 reheat ! :ole1 & = e #cb p>ts1 by weight1 /ir 9 & mix ! foll[+3 ,bak$ & p[d]$ clay #d p>ts ,portl& cem5t #af p>ts ,z9c :ite #a "p ,r$ lead #a "p ,aft] well mix+1 dilute ) m or less turp5t9e 7n exce$+ #be p] c5t ( ! :ole71 or l9oleate ( manganese1 ! latt] be+ pref]able1 z x has great] b9d+ p[]4 ,= color$ pa9ts use r$ oxide ( iron or gre5 oxide ( *rome1 b d n use *rome gre5 or lead1 z !y w n /& ! action ( ! sea wat]4 ,compositions = ,%ips' ,bottoms4-- ,gre54 ,pale ros9 #be p\nds ,prep>$ m9]al gre5 #h p\nds ,d4 ,l4 z9c #ac p\nds ,boil$ oil #b p\nds ,m9]al naph?a #a gallon ,petroleum _s #a #a_/b gallons ,prep>$ ,m9]al ,gre54 ,dry levigat$ m9]al gre5 #bh p\nds ,turp5t9e #g p\nds ,turp5t9e v>ni% #g p\nds ,ref9$ l9se$ oil #g p\nds ,copp] ,color4 ,pale ros9 #be p\nds ,light ,italian o*] #ae p\nds ,d4 ,l4 z9c #e p\nds ,turkey r$ pa9t #a_/b p\nd ,petroleum _s #a #a_/b p\nds ,m9]al naph?a #a p\nd ,p9k4 ,pale ros9 #be p\nds ,d4 ,l4 z9c #af p\nds ,deep v]milion #g p\nds ,m9]al naph?a #a gallon ,petroleum _s #a #a_/b gallons ,,pa9ts ,,= ,,walls ,,( ,,cem5t1 ,,pla/]1 ,,h>d ,,f9i%1 ,,etc4 ,coat+ = ,ba?rooms4--,z a rule cem5t pla/]+1 z well z oil pa9t1 suffices = ! protection ( walls & ceil+s 9 ba?rooms1 b att5tion mu/ be call$ to ! de/ructive action ( m$ic9al admixtures4 ,= su* rooms z well z = laboratories1 an #dii application ( ,sw$i% wood t>1 made into a fl[+ consi/5cy ) a little oil ( turp5t9e & put on hot1 has be5 f\nd v excell5t4 ,x is ( advantage previ\sly to w>m ! wall slightly4 ,to ! second coat add "s wax4 ,a v durable coat+ is obta9$1 :i* looks s pleas+ t x is only necess>y to draw "s /ripes ) a d>k] pa9t s z to divide ! surface into fields4 ,cem5t1 to ,pa9t ,ov] ,fre%4--,! wall %\ld be wa%$ ) dilute sulphuric acid sev]al days be=e pa9t+4 ,?is w *ange ! surplus cau/ic lime to sulphate ( lime or gypsum4 ,! acid %\ld be ab\t "o-half *amb] acid & "o-half wat]4 ,?is %\ld be repeat$ be=e pa9t+1 & a coat ( raw l9se$ oil fl[$ on freely %\ld be giv5 = ! fir/ coat4 ,:ile ?is _c be always gu>ante$ z effectual = mak+ ! pa9t hold1 x is ! be/ me?od our correspond5t has he>d ( = ! purpose1 & is wor? try+ :5 x is absolutely necess>y to pa9t ov] fre% cem5t4 ,damp ,walls1 ,coat+ =4--,?irty p>ts ( t9 are dissolv$ 9 #dj p>ts ( hydro*loric acid1 & #cj p>ts ( sal ammoniac are add$4 ,a p[d] compos$ ( free/one1 #ej p>ts2 z9c oxide1 #bj p>ts2 p\nd$ glass1 #ae p>ts2 p[d]$ m>ble1 #aj p>ts2 & calc9$ magnesia1 #e p>ts1 is prep>$1 & made into a pa/e ) ! liquid above m5tion$4 ,color+ matt] may be add$4 ,! composition may be us$ z a damp-pro( coat+ = walls1 or = repair+ /onework1 or = mold+ /atues or ornam5ts4 ,facade ,pa9t4--,= ?is z9c oxide is especially adapt$1 prep>$ ) size or case94 ,any desir$ e>? colors may also be add$4 ,! surfaces are coat$ #c times ) ?is mass4 ,aft] ! ?ird application is dry1 put on a s+le coat+ ( z9c *loride solution ( #cj ,b4 to :i* #c p] c5t borax is add$4 ,?is coat+ is v solid1 c be wa%$1 & is n injur$ by hydrog5 sulphide4 ,h>d-,f9i%$ ,walls4--,! treatm5t = h>d-f9i%$ walls :i* are to be pa9t$ 9 flat colors is to prime ) a ?9 coat ( lead & oil well bru%$ into ! wall4 ,next put on a ?9 coat ( glue size2 next a coat mix$ ) #a_/c oil & #b_/c turp5t9e2 next a coat ( flat pa9t mix$ ) turp5t9e4 ,if y use any dry pigm5t mix x /iff 9 oil & ?9 ) turps4 ,if 9 ei!r case ! pa9t dries too fa/1 & is liable to %[ laps1 put a little glyc]9e 91 to ret>d ! dry+4 ,,pa9ts1 ,,wat]pro( ,,& ,,wea!rpro(3 ,see also ,firepro( ,pa9t4 ,! foll[+ are claim$ to be bo? wat]pro( & wea!rpro(3 ,i4--,9 #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( _s ( #if p] c5t1 dissolve #af p>ts1 by weight1 ( %ellac1 orange1 f9ely p[d]$2 #c p>ts1 by weight1 ( silv] lake1 f9ely p[d]$2 & #j4f p>ts1 by weight1 ( gamboge1 f9ely p[d]$4 ,?is pa9t may be employ$ )\t admixture ( any siccative1 & is excell5tly adapt$ = pa9t+ objects :i* are expos$ to ! inclem5cies ( ! wea!r1 z x is p]fectly wea!rpro(4 ,,ii4--,mix glue wat] ) z9c oxide 7z9c :ite7 & pa9t ! respective object ) ?is mixture4 ,:5 ?is is dry 7aft] ab\t #b h\rs7 x is foll[$ up ) a coat+ ( glue wat] & z9c *loride 9 a highly dilut$ /ate4 ,z9c oxide ent]s into a *emical comb9ation ) z9c *loride1 :i* acquires ! h>dness ( glass & a mirror-l bright surface4 ,any desir$ colors c be prep>$ ) ! glue wat] 7size7 & are practically imp]i%able4 ,?is z9c coat+ is v durable1 dries quickly1 & is #ej p] c5t *eap] ?an oil pa9t4 ,wat]- & ,acid-,resi/+ ,pa9t4--,ca\t*\c is melt$ ) colophony at a l[ temp]ature1 aft] ! ca\t*\c has be5 dri$ 9 a dry+ closet 7/ove7 at #aeh to #agf ,f41 until no m consid]able increase 9 weight is p]ceptible1 :ile ! colophony has completely lo/ its moi/ure by repeat$ melt+4 ,! raw products ?us prep>$ w readily melt ^u slight heat+4 ,to ! melt$ colophony & ca\t*\c add 9 a hot liquid /ate z9c :ite or any simil> pigm5t4 ,?9 ) a v>ni% consi/+ ( #ej p>ts ( p]fectly anhydr\s colophony1 #dj p>ts ( absolute alcohol1 & #dj p>ts ( b5z9e4 ,! :ole syrupy mass is work$ ?r\gh 9 a pa9t mill to obta9 a uni=m product1 at :i* op]ation m or less colophony v>ni% is add$ accord+ to ! desir$ consi/5cy4 ,wat]- & ,air-,pro( ,pa9t4--,an air-pro( & wat]pro( pa9t1 ! subject ( a rec5t ,fr5* pat5t1 is a comp\nd ( #cj p>ts1 by weight1 acetone2 #ajj p>ts acetic e!r2 #ej p>ts sulphuric e!r2 #ajj p>ts camphor2 #ej p>ts gum lac2 #bjj p>ts cotton2 #ajj p>ts pap] #ejj 7dissolv$ 9 sulphuric acid72 #ajj p>ts ma/ic 9 drops4 ,^! proportions may fluctuate accord+ to ne$4 ,! pap] is r$uc$ well & dissolv$ )\t heat ) suffici5t sulphuric e!r2 ! cotton is dissolv$ 9 ! acetone & ! :ole is mix$ toge!r ) ! o!r +r$i5ts & /irr$ well4 ,! application is p]=m$ z ) any o!r v>ni%4 ,! coat+ is said n to crack or %r9k & to be p>ticul>ly useful z a protection aga9/ moi/ure = all /uffs4 ,,pa9ts ,,= ,,wood3 ,see also ,wood4 ,floor ,coat+4--,a new pa9t = floors1 especially ^? ( s(t wood3 ,mix toge!r #b4b p\nds jo9]s' glue2 a little ov] #a ounce p[d]$ bi*romate ( pota%2 #c #a_/b ounces anil9e br[n2 & #aj #a_/b qu>ts wat] 9 a t9 vessel4 ,aft] #f h\rs h elaps$ 7:5 ! glue is completely soak$71 heat gradually to ! boil+ po9t4 ,! coat+ becomes p]fectly wat]-tight aft] #b or #c days2 x is n opaque1 z ! e>?y body is lack+4 ,! glue causes ! wood fib]s to be firmly unit$4 ,x becomes insoluble by ! addition ( bi*romate ( pota%1 "u ! influ5ce ( light4 ,)\t ?is admixture a simple glue coat has =m]ly n be5 f\nd satisfactory1 z x dissolves if clean$ ) wat]4 ,durable ,h\se ,pa9t4--,i4--,new h\ses %\ld be prim$ once ) pure l9se$ oil1 !n pa9t$ ) a ?9 pa9t f :ite lead & *alk1 & ?us gradually cov]$4 ,! la/ coat is prep>$ ( well-boil$ v>ni%1 :ite lead1 & *alk4 ,! *alk has ! mission to mod]ate ! saponification ( ! l9se$ oil by ! :ite lead4 ,mix+ colors su* z o*] & black1 :i* take up pl5ty ( oil1 mat]ially assi/ 9 produc+ a durable cov]+4 ,,ii4--,prime ) z9c :ite & let ?is be succe$$ by a coat+ ) z9c *loride 9 glue wat] 7size74 ,! z9c oxide =ms ) ! z9c *loride an oxy-*loride ( great h>dness & glossy surface4 ,by admixture ( pigm5ts any desir$ %ade may be produc$4 ,! z9c coat+ is inde/ructible1 dries quickly1 does n peel1 is free f ! smell ( fre% oil pa9t1 & m ?an #e p] c5t *eap]4 ,ivory ,coat+ = ,smoo?1 ,light ,wood4--,9 ord] to cov] ! articles1 :i* may be flat or r\nd1 ) ?is coat+1 !y mu/ fir/ be poli%$ q smoo? & clean2 !n !y are coat$ ) ?91 hot1 :ite glue4 ,:5 ! coat is ?or\ghly dry1 ! glue is rubb$ (f aga9 ) f9e glass pap]4 ,! mass is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,take #c p\nds 7m or less1 accord+ to ! numb] ( articles7 ( ! pure/ & be/ collodion2 gr9d ^u a clean gr9d+ /one twice ! quantity t c be tak5 up ) ! po9t ( a knife ( ,krems :ite1 ) en\gh good pale l9se$ oil z is necess>y to gr9d ! :ite smoo? & f9e4 ,take a clean bottle1 into :i* "o-half ( ! collodion is p\r$2 to ?is add ! gr\nd :ite1 :i* c be remov$ clean f ! /one by means ( a good spatula & put 9 ! bottle4 ,add ab\t #ajj drops ( l9se$ oil1 & %ake ! mass till x looks l milk4 ,n[ pa9t+ ) ?is milky sub/ance may be comm5c$1 us+ a f9e hair p5cil ( excell5t quality4 ,! p5cil is n dipp$ 9 ! l>ge bottle2 b a glass is kept at h& ) an op5+ ( ab\t #a in*1 s z to be able to imm]se ! p5cil quickly4 ,! sub/ance is n fl[+ l ! alcohol lacqu]s1 = :i* reason x may be put on ?ick1 = ! e!r1 *iefly con/itut+ ! mass1 evaporates at once & leaves b a v ?9 film :i* becomes noticeable only aft] ab\t #aj su* applications h be5 made4 ,%ake ! bottle well ea* "t be=e fill+ ! small glass1 z ! heavy ,krems :ite is v apt to s9k to ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,if x is obs]v$ t ! sub/ance becomes too ?ick1 :i* may easily occur on acc\nt ( ! evaporation1 a "p ( ! rema9+ e!r is add$1 to :i* 9 turn #cj to #dj drops ( oil are add$1 %ak+ x till ! oil appe>s to be completely dissolv$4 ,! op]ator mu/ put on ! mass 9 quick succession & r ?ick4 ,aft] ab\t #aj coats h be5 appli$ ! "w is all[$ to re/ sev]al h\rs2 !n #c or #d coats ( pure collodion1 to :i* likewise sev]al drops ( oil h be5 add$1 are giv54 ,ano!r pause ( sev]al h\rs hav+ be5 all[$ to int]v5e1 application ( ! mass is once m begun4 ,:5 x is notic$ t a lay] ( ! ?ickness ( pap] has =m$1 ! articles1 aft] dry+ ?or\ghly1 %\ld be s(tly rubb$ (f ) v f9e glass pap]1 aft] :i* !y require to be wip$ (f well ) a clean l95 rag1 s t no du/ rema9s4 ,!n coat+ is cont9u$ till ! "w seems s]viceable4 ,a few applications ( pure collodion %\ld be made1 & :5 ?is has become p]fectly h>d1 aft] a few h\rs1 x c be rubb$ d[n ) a rag1 #eja tripoli1 & oil1 & poli%$ by h&1 l horn or ivory4 ,?is "w c be done only 9 a room :i* is entirely free f du/4 ,! greate/ cleanl9ess mu/ be obs]v$4 ,,miscellane\s ,,recipes1 ,,pa9ts1 ,,etc43 ,ba?tub ,pa9t4--,take :ite keg lead1 t9t to any desir$ color & !n add1 say1 #a_/h boil$ oil 7pure l9se$7 to #g_/h h>d dry+ durable body v>ni%4 ,clean ! surface ( ! tub ?or\ghly be=e apply+ ! pa9t4 ,b5z9e or lime wa% are good clean+ ag5ts4 ,coat up until a satisfactorily /rong1 pure color is rea*$4 ,?is w give good gloss & w also we> durably4 ,coat+ = ,"n ,plates4--,a durable coat+ = "n plates 9 nurs]ies is produc$ z foll[s3 ,take a wool5 rag1 saturate x ) jo9]s' poli%1 lay x into a l95 "o1 & rub ! wood5 surface ) ?is = "s "t4 ,rub d[n ) s&pap] & x c be writt5 on almo/ l pap]4 ,:5 all is dry1 coat ) damm> lacqu] = bett] protection4 ,if ! wood is to receive a color x is plac$ 9 ! wool5 rag be=e rubb+ d[n1 9 ?is case *rome yell[4 ,to ,keep ,flies f ,fre% ,pa9t4--,= ! purpose ( keep+ flies & o!r insects away f fre%ly pa9t$ surfaces mix a little bay oil 7laurel oil7 ) ! oil pa9t1 or place a receptacle conta9+ same 9 ! vic9ity ( ! pa9t$ objects4 ,! pung5t odor keeps (f ! flies4 ,heat-,indicat+ ,pa9t4--,a heat-indicat+ pa9t compos$ ( a d\ble iodide ( copp] & m]cury 0 fir/ discov]$ ye>s ago by a ,g]man physici/4 ,at ord9>y temp]atures ! pa9t is r$1 b :5 heat$ to #bjf ,f4 x turns black4 ,pap] pa9t$ ) ?is composition & w>m$ at a /ove exhibits ! *ange 9 a few seconds4 ,a yell[ d\ble iodide ( silv] & m]cury is ev5 m s5sitive to heat1 *ang+ f yell[ to d>k r$4 ,to ,keep ,liquid ,pa9t 9 ,workable ,condition4--,to prev5t liquid pa9t :i*1 = conv5i5ce sake1 is kept 9 small quantities & flat receptacles1 f evaporat+ & dry+1 give ! vessels su* a %ape t !y c be plac$ "o on top ( ! o!r )\t dang] ( fall+ ov]1 & provide ! "u side ) a por\s mass--felt or v por\s clay1 etc4--:i*1 if moi/5$1 w reta9 ! wat] = a long "t4 ,?us1 9 plac+ ! di%es "o on top ( ! o!r1 a moi/ atmosph]e is creat$ ar\nd !m1 :i* w inhibit evaporation & dry+ ( ! pa9t4 ,a simil> idea consi/s 9 produc+ cov]s ) a tight outside & por\s inside1 = ! purpose ( cov]+ up1 dur+ int]mission 9 ! "w1 clay models & l objects :i* x is desir$ to keep s(t4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! =mation ( fung\s gr[? on ! con/antly wet bottom1 x may be saturat$ ) non-volatile dis9fectants1 or ) volatile ones if _! vapors are calculat$ to act ^u ! objects kept und]nea? ! cov]4 ,if ! cov] is us$ to cov] up oil pa9ts1 x is moi/5$ on ! inside ) volatile oil1 su* z oil ( turp5t9e1 oil ( lav5d]1 or ) alcohol4 ,peel+ ( ,pa9ts4--,= ! prev5tion ( peel+ ( new coat+s on old oil pa9t+s or lakes1 ! latt] %\ld be rubb$ ) r\ghly gr\nd pumice /one1 wet by means ( felt rags1 & to ! fir/ new coat !re %\ld be add$ f9e _s 9 ! proportion ( ab\t #a_/aj ( ! ?9n+ necess>y = /irr+ 7turp5t9e1 oil1 etc474 ,?is pa9t dries well & has giv5 good results1 ev5 9 ! mo/ difficult cases4 ,! subsequ5t coat+s are put on ) ! cu/om>y pa9t4 ,fat oil glazes = gra9+ are likewise mix$ ) _s1 :]eby ! crack+ ( ! v>ni% coat+ is usually entirely obviat$4 ,poly*rom+ ( ,figures4--,?is pa9t consi/s ( :ite wax1 #a "p1 & p[d]$ ma/ic1 #a "p1 melt$ toge!r ^u ! wat] ba? & mix$ ) rectifi$ turp5t9e4 ,! colors to be us$ are fir/ gr\nd /iffly 9 turp5t9e on ! gr9d+ slab1 & work$ into consi/5cy ) ! above solution4 ,prim+ ,coat = ,wat] ,spots4--,a v simple way to remove ra9 spots1 or su* caus$ by wat] soak+ ?r\gh ceil+s1 has be5 employ$ ) good results4 ,take unslak$ :ite lime1 dilute ) alcohol1 & pa9t ! spots ) x4 ,:5 ! spots are dry--:i* ensues quickly1 z ! alcohol evaporates & ! lime =ms a sort ( insulat+ lay]--"o c proce$ pa9t+ ) size color1 & ! spots w n %[ ?r\gh aga94 ,,pa9t ,,= ,,protect+ ,,cem5t ,,aga9/ ,,acid3 ,see ,acid-,pro(+4 ,,pa9t1 ,,grease3 ,see ,cosmetics4 #ejb ,,pa9t ,,remov]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,comp\nds4 ,,palladium ,,alloys3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,palladiumiz+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,palms1 ,,_! ,,c>e4 ,in/ead ( wa%+ ! leaves ( palms ) wat]1 _m flori/s employ a mixture ( milk & wat]1 ! object be+ to prev5t ! =mation ( disfigur+ br[n /a9s4 ,pap] ,pap] ,pads 7see also ,adhesives1 "u ,glue74 ,i4--,glue #c #a_/b ounces ,glyc]9e #h ounces ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,p\r ^u ! glue m ?an en\gh wat] to cov] x & let /& = sev]al h\rs1 !n decant ! great] portion ( ! wat]2 apply heat until ! glue is dissolv$1 & add ! glyc]9e4 ,if ! mixture is too ?ick1 add m wat]4 ,,ii4--,glue #f ounces ,alum #cj gra9s ,acetic acid #a_/b ounce ,alcohol #a #a_/b ounces ,wat] #f #a_/b ounces ,mix all b ! alcohol1 dige/ on a wat] ba? till ! glue is dissolv$1 all[ to cool1 & add ! alcohol4 ,papi] ,ma*4--,! foll[+ are ! +r$i5ts necess>y to make a lump ( papi] ma* a little l>g] ?an an ord9>y baseball & weigh+ #ag ounces3 ,wet pap] pulp1 dry pap]1 #a ounce2 wat]1 #c ounces2 #d ounces 7avoirdupois72 dry pla/] ,p>is1 #h ounces 7avoirdupois72 hot glue1 #a_/b gill1 or #d #a_/b tablespoonfuls4 ,:ile ! pap] pulp is be+ prep>$1 melt "s be/ ,iri% glue 9 ! glue pot & make x ( ! same ?ickness & g5]al consi/5cy z t us$ by cab9et mak]s4 ,on tak+ ! pap] pulp f ! wat] squeeze x g5tly1 b d n try to dry x4 ,put 9 a b[l1 add ab\t #c tablespoonfuls ( ! hot glue1 & /ir ! mass up into a s(t & v /icky pa/e4 ,add ! pla/] ( ,p>is & mix ?or\ghly4 ,by ! "t ab\t #c ounces ( ! pla/] h be5 us$1 ! mass is s dry & ?ick t x c h>dly be work$4 ,add ! rema9d] ( ! glue1 "w x up aga9 until x becomes /icky once m1 & !n add ! rema9d] ( ! pla/]4 ,squeeze x vigor\sly ?r\gh ! f+]s to ?or\ghly mix ! mass1 & "w x until free f lumps1 f9ely knead$ & /icky en\gh to adh]e to ! surface ( a plan$ bo>d4 ,if x is too dry to /ick fa/ add a few drops ( ei!r glue or wat]1 & "w x up aga94 ,:5 ! pap] pulp is poor & ! ma* is incl9$ to be lumpy1 lay ! mass ^u a smoo? bo>d1 take a hamm] & p\nd x h>d to gr9d x up f9e4 ,if ! papi] ma* is n /icky en\gh to adh]e firmly to :atev] x is rubb$ ^u1 x is a failure1 & requires m glue4 ,9 us+ x ! mass %\ld be kept 9 a lump & us$ z soon z possible aft] mak+4 ,keep ! surface ( ! lump moi/ by means ( a wet clo? laid ov] x1 = if y d n1 ! surface w dry rapidly4 ,if x is to be kept ov]night1 or long]1 wrap x up 9 sev]al ?icknesses ( wet cotton clo?1 & put "u an inv]t$ b[l4 ,if x is desir$ to keep a lump = a week1 to use daily1 add a few drops ( glyc]9e :5 mak+1 s t x w dry m sl[ly4 ,! papi] ma* made accord+ to ?is =mula has ! foll[+ qualities3 ,:5 te/$ by rubb+ betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]1 x 0 /icky & cov]$ ! ?umb ) a f9e coat+4 7,_h x left ! ?umb clean1 x w\ld h be5 because x conta9$ too mu* wat]47 ,:5 rubb$ ^u a pane ( glass x /icks tightly & dries h>d 9 #c h\rs )\t crack+1 & c only be remov$ ) a knife4 ,:5 spread 9 a lay] z ?9 z writ+ pap] x dries 9 half an h\r4 ,a mass actually us$ dri$ h>d en\gh to coat ) wax 9 #ah h\rs1 &1 )\t crack+1 became z h>d z wood2 yet a simil> quantity wrapp$ 9 a wet clo? & plac$ "u an inv]t$ b[l kept s(t & fit = use = an entire week4 ,p>*m5t ,pap]4--,i4--,dip :ite unsiz$ pap] = half a m9ute 9 /rong sulphuric acid1 specific gravity1 #a4hdb1 & aft]w>ds 9 wat] conta9+ a little ammonia4 ,,ii4--,plunge unsiz$ pap] = a few seconds into sulphuric acid dilut$ ) half to a qu>t] its bulk ( wat] 7?is solution be+ ( ! same temp]ature z ! air71 & aft]w>ds wa% ) weak ammonia4 ,razor ,pap]4--,i4--,smoo? unsiz$ pap]1 "o ( ! surfaces ( :i*1 :ile 9 a slightly damp /ate1 has be5 rubb$ ov] ) a mixture ( calc9$ p]oxide ( iron & em]y1 bo? 9 impalpable p[d]4 ,x is cut up into #ejc pieces 7ab\t #e x #c in*es71 & sold 9 packets4 ,us$ to wipe ! razor on1 :i* ?us does n require /ropp+4 ,,ii4--,f em]y & qu>tz 7bo? 9 impalpable p[d]71 & pap] pulp 7e/imat$ 9 ! dry /ate71 equal p>ts1 made into %eets ( ! ?ickness ( draw+ pap]1 by ! ord9>y process4 ,= use1 a piece is pa/$ on ! /rop & moi/5$ ) a little oil4 ,safety ,pap]4--,:ite pap] pulp mix$ ) an equal quantity ( pulp t+$ ) any /a9 easily affect$ by *lor9e1 acids1 alkalies1 etc41 & made into %eets z usual1 s]ves z a safety pap] on :i* to write *ecks or ! l4 ,any attempt to wa% out ! writ+ affects ! :ole surface1 %[+ pla9ly t x has be5 tamp]$ )4 ,trac+ ,pap]4--,op5 a quire ( smoo?1 unsiz$ :ite pap]1 & place x flat ^u a table4 ,apply1 ) a clean sa% tool to ! upp] surface ( ! fir/ %eet1 a coat ( v>ni% made ( equal p>ts ( ,canada balsam & oil ( turp5t9e1 & hang ! prep>$ %eet across ! l9e to dry2 repeat ! op]ation on fre% %eets until ! prop] quantity is f9i%$4 ,if n suffici5tly transp>5t1 a second coat ( v>ni% may be appli$ z soon z ! fir/ has become q dry4 ,/r5g!n$ ,filt] ,pap]4--,:5 ord9>y filt] pap] is dipp$ into nitric acid 7specific gravity1 #a4db71 ?or\ghly wa%$ & dri$1 x becomes a tissue ( rem>kable prop]ties1 & "o t des]ves to be bett] kn[n by *emi/s & ph>maci/s4 ,x %r9ks some:at 9 size & 9 weight1 & gives1 on burn+1 a dim9i%$ a%4 ,x yields no nitrog51 nor does x 9 ! slighte/ mann] affect liquids4 ,x rema9s p]fectly p]vi\s to liquids1 its filt]+ prop]ties be+ 9 no wise affect$1 :i*1 x is ne$less to say1 is v diff]5t f ! behavior ( ! same pap] 8p>*m5t$0 by sulphuric acid4 ,x is z supple z a rag1 yet may be v r\ghly h&l$1 ev5 :5 wet1 )\t te>+ or giv+ way4 ,^! qualities make x v valuable = use 9 filtration "u pressure or exhau/4 ,x fits closely to ! funnel1 ^u :i* x may be us$ direct1 )\t any supports1 & x ?us prev5ts undue access ( air4 ,z to /r5g?1 x is increas$ upw>d ( #aj times4 ,a /rip ( ord9>y :ite ,sw$i% pap]1 #a_/e ( an in* wide1 w su/a9 a load ( f #a_/b to #c_/d ( a p\nd avoirdupois1 accord+ to ! quality ( ! pap]4 ,a simil> /rip ( ! t\gh5$ pap] broke1 9 #c trials1 ) #e p\nds1 #g ounces1 & #c dra*ms2 #e p\nds1 #d ounces1 & #cf gra9s2 & #e p\nds1 #aj ounces respectively4 ,^! are facts t des]ve to be bett] kn[n ?an !y seem to be to ! pr(ession at l>ge4 ,blott+ ,pap]4--,a new blott+ pap] :i* w completely remove wet z well z dry ink spots1 aft] moi/5+ ! pap] ) wat]1 is produc$ z foll[s3 ,dissolve #ajj p>ts ( oxalic acid 9 #djj p>ts ( alcohol1 & imm]se por\s :ite pap] 9 ?is solution until x is completely saturat$4 ,next hang ! %eets up sep>ately to dry ov] ?reads4 ,su* pap] af=ds great advantages1 b 9 its *>act]i/ic application is s]viceable = f]ric inks only1 :ile anil9e ink spots _c be remov$ ) x1 aft] dry+4 ,c>bon ,pap]4--,_m copy+ pap]s act by virtue ( a deta*able pigm5t1 :i*1 :5 ! pigm5t$ pap] is plac$ betwe5 two %eets ( :ite pap]1 & :5 ! upp]mo/ pap] is writt5 on1 transf]s its pigm5t to ! l[] :ite %eet along l9es :i* correspond to ^? trac$ on ! upp] pap]1 & !re=e gives an exact copy ( !m on ! l[] pap]4 ,! pigm5ts us$ are f9e soot or ivory black1 indigo c>m9e1 ultram>9e1 & ,p>is blue1 or mixtures ( !m4 ,! pigm5t is intimately mix$ ) gra9 soap1 & !n rubb$ on to ?9 b /rong pap] ) a /iff bru%4 ,fatty oils1 su* z l9se$ or ca/or oil1 may be us$1 b ! gra9 soap is pref]able4 ,graphite is frequ5tly us$ = black copy+ pap]4 ,x is rubb$ into ! pap] ) a cotton pad until a uni=m light-gray color results4 ,all sup]flu\s graphite is !n c>efully bru%$ (f4 ,x is sometimes desir$ to make a copy+ pap] :i* w produce at ! same "t a positive copy1 :i* is n requir$ to be reproduc$1 & a negative or rev]s$ copy f :i* a numb] ( direct copies c be tak54 ,su* pap] is cov]$ on "o side ) a manifold+ composition1 & on ! o!r ) a simple copy+ composition1 & is us$ betwe5 #b %eets ( pap] ) ! manifold+ side und]mo/4 ,! manifold+ composition is made by mix+ #e ounces ( pr9t]s' ink ) #dj ( spirits ( turp5t9e1 & !n mix+ x ) a fus$ mixture ( #dj ounces ( tall[ & #e ounces ( /e>9e4 ,:5 ! mass is homog5e\s1 #cj ounces ( ! f9e/ p[d]$ protoxide ( iron1 fir/ mix$ ) #ae ounces ( pyrogallic #ejd acid & #e ounces ( gallic acid1 are /irr$ 9 till a p]fect mixture is obta9$4 ,?is mass w give at lea/ #ej copies on damp pap] 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! copy+ composition = ! o!r side ( ! prep>$ pap] consi/s ( ! foll[+ +r$i5ts3 ,pr9t]s' ink #e p>ts ,spirits ( turp5t9e #dj p>ts ,fus$ tall[ #cj p>ts ,fus$ wax #c p>ts ,fus$ ros9 #b p>ts ,soot #bj p>ts ,x goes )\t say+ t roll]s or /ones or o!r h>d mat]ials may be us$ = ! purpose "u consid]ation z well z pap]4 ,! manifold+ mass may be made blue ) indigot91 r$ ) mag5ta1 or violet ) me?yl violet1 add+ #cj ounces ( ! *os5 dye to ! above quantities ( pigm5t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y are us$1 ! oxide ( iron & gallic acids mu/ be replac$ by #bj ounces ( c>bonate ( magnesia4 ,celloid9 ,pap]4--,ord9>y poli%$ celluloid & celloid9 pap] are difficult to write ^u ) p5 & ink4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! face is rubb$ ov] ) a *alk crayon1 & ! du/ wip$ (f ) a clean rag1 writ+ becomes easy4 ,clo? ,pap]4--,?is is prep>$ by cov]+ gauze1 calico1 canvas1 etc41 ) a surface ( pap] pulp 9 a ,f\dr9i] ma*9e1 & !n f9i%+ ! comp\nd %eet 9 a ne>ly simil> mann] to t adopt$ = ord9>y pap]4 ,draw+ ,pap]4--,! blue draw+ pap] ( comm]ce1 :i* is frequ5tly employ$ = te*nical draw+s1 is n v durable4 ,= ! production ( a s]viceable & /rong draw+ pap]1 ! foll[+ process is recomm5d$4 ,mix a solution ( ,gum arabic #b p>ts ,ammonia iron citrate #c p>ts ,t>t>ic acid #b p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #bj p>ts ,aft] /ill add+ #d p>ts ( solution ( ammonia ) a solution ( ,potassium f]ricyanide #b4e p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #aj4j p>ts all[ ! mixture to /& 9 ! d>k half an h\r4 ,apply ! prep>ation on ! pap] by means ( a s(t bru%1 9 artificial light1 & dry 9 ! d>k4 ,next1 expose ! pap] to light until x appe>s d>k violet1 place 9 wat] = #aj seconds1 air a %ort "t1 wa% ) wat]1 & f9ally dip 9 a solution ( ,eau de javelle #ej p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #a1jjj p>ts until x turns d>k blue4 ,filt] ,pap]4--,?is process consi/s 9 dipp+ ! pap] 9 nitric acid ( #a4dcc specific gravity1 subsequ5tly wa%+ x well & dry+ x4 ,! pap] !reby acquires advantage\s qualities4 ,x %r9ks a little & loses 9 weight1 :ile on burn+ only a small quantity ( a% rema9s4 ,x possesses no traces ( nitrog5 & does n 9 any way attack ! liquid to be filt]$4 ,)al1 ?is pap] rema9s p]fectly p]vi\s = ! mo/ v>y+ liquids1 & its filt]+ capacity is 9 no wise impair$4 ,x is difficult to te>1 & /ill ela/ic & flexible l l954 ,x cl+s completely to ! funnel4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t ! /r5g? ( ! filt]+ pap] ?us treat$ increases #ajj p] c5t4 ,firepro( ,pap]s4--,i4--,ammonium sulphate1 #h p>ts1 by weight2 boracic acid1 #c p>ts2 borax1 #b p>ts2 wat]1 #ajj p>ts4 ,! temp]ature %\ld be ab\t #abb ,f4 ,,ii4--,= pap]1 ei!r pr9t$ or unpr9t$1 bills ( ex*ange1 de$s1 books1 etc41 ! foll[+ solution is recomm5d$3 ,ammonium sulphate1 #h p>ts2 boracic acid1 #c p>ts2 sodium borate1 #a4g p>ts2 wat]1 #aj1jjj p>ts4 ,! solution is heat$ to #abb ,f41 & may be us$ :5 ! pap] is manufactur$4 ,z soon z ! pap] leaves ! ma*9e x is pass$ ?r\gh ?is solution1 !n roll$ ov] a w>m cyl9d] & dri$4 ,if pr9t$ or 9 %eets1 x is simply imm]s$ 9 ! solution1 at a temp]ature ( #abb ,f41 & spread out to dry1 f9ally press$ to re/ore ! lu/]4 ,hydrographic ,pap]4--,?is is pap] :i* may be writt5 on ) simple wat] or ) "s colorless liquid hav+ ! appe>ance ( wat]4 ,i4--,a mixture ( nut galls1 #d p>ts1 & calc9$ sulphate ( iron1 #a "p 7bo? p]fectly dry & r$uc$ to v f9e p[d]71 is rubb$ ov] ! surface ( ! pap]1 & is !n =c$ into its pores by p[]ful pressure1 aft] :i* ! loose portion is bru%$ (f4 ,! writ+ %[s black :5 a p5 dipp$ 9 wat] is us$4 ,,ii4--,a mixture ( p]sulphate ( iron & f]rocyanide ( potassium may be employ$ z 9 =mula ,i4 ,?is writes blue4 ,iridesc5t ,pap]4--,sal ammoniac & sulphate ( indigo1 ( ea* #a "p2 sulphate ( iron1 #e p>ts2 nut galls1 #h p>ts2 gum arabic1 #a_/h "p4 ,boil !m 9 wat]1 & expose ! pap] wa%$ ) ! liquid to 7! fumes (7 ammonia4 #eje ,li?ographic ,pap]4--,i4--,/>*1 #f ounces2 gum arabic1 #b ounces2 alum1 #a ounce4 ,make a /rong solution ( ea* sep>ately1 9 hot wat]1 mix1 /ra9 ?r\gh gauze1 & apply x :ile /ill w>m to "o side ( leaves ( pap]1 ) a clean pa9t+ bru% or sponge2 a second & a ?ird coat mu/ be giv5 z ! prec$+ "o becomes dry4 ,! pap] mu/ be1 la/ly1 press$1 to make x smoo?4 ,,ii4--,give ! pap] #c coats ( ?9 size1 #a coat ( good :ite />*1 & #a coat ( a solution ( gamboge 9 wat]1 ! :ole to be appli$ cold1 ) a sponge1 & ea* coat to be all[$ to dry be=e ! o!r is appli$4 ,! solutions %\ld be fre%ly made4 ,li?ographic pap] is writt5 on ) li?ographic ink4 ,! writ+ is transf]r$ simply by moi/5+ ! back ( ! pap]1 plac+ x ev5ly on ! /one1 & !n apply+ pressure4 ,a rev]s$ copy is obta9$1 :i*1 :5 pr9t$ f1 yields correct$ copies resembl+ ! orig9al writ+ or draw+4 ,9 ?is way ! necessity ( execut+ ! writ+ or draw+ 9 a rev]s$ direction is obviat$4 ,,m>bl+ ,,pap] ,,= ,,books4 ,provide a wood5 tr\gh #b in*es deep & ! l5g? & wid? ( any desir$ %eet2 boil 9 a brass or copp] pan a quantity ( l9se$ & wat] until a ?ick mucilage is =m$2 /ra9 x into a tr\gh1 & let cool2 !n gr9d on a m>ble slab any ( ! foll[+ colors 9 small be]3 ,= ,blue4--,prussian blue or indigo4 ,r$4--,rose p9k1 v]milion1 or drop lake4 ,yell[4--,k+'s yell[1 yell[ o*]1 etc4 ,:ite4--,flake :ite4 ,black4--,burnt ivory or lampblack4 ,br[n4--,umb]1 burnt2 t]ra di si5na1 burnt4 ,black mix$ ) yell[ or r$ also makes br[n4 ,gre54--,blue & yell[ mix$4 ,orange4--,r$ & yell[ mix$4 ,purple4--,r$ & blue mix$4 ,= ea* color h two cups1 "o = ! color aft] gr9d+1 ! o!r to mix x ) ox gall1 :i* mu/ be us$ to ?9 ! colors at discretion4 ,if too mu* gall is us$1 ! colors w spread4 ,:5 !y keep _! place on ! surface ( ! tr\gh1 :5 mov$ ) a quill1 !y are fit = use4 ,all ?+s 9 read9ess1 ! colors are successively spr9kl$ on ! surface ( ! mucilage 9 ! tr\gh ) a bru%1 & are wav$ or drawn ab\t ) a quill or a /ick1 accord+ to ta/e4 ,:5 ! design is j =m$1 ! book1 ti$ tightly betwe5 cutt+ bo>ds ( ! same size1 is lightly press$ ) its edge on ! surface ( ! liquid patt]n1 & !n )drawn & dri$4 ,! cov]s may be m>bl$ 9 ! same way1 only lett+ ! liquid colors run ov] !m4 ,9 m>bl+ pap] ! sides ( ! pap] are g5tly appli$ to ! colors 9 ! tr\gh4 ,! film ( color 9 ! tr\gh may be z ?9 z possible1 & if any rema9s aft] ! m>bl+ x may be tak5 (f by apply+ pap] to x be=e y prep>e = m>bl+ aga94 ,to div]sify ! effects1 colors are (t5 mix$ ) a little sweet oil be=e spr9kl+ !m on1 by :i* means a light halo or circle appe>s ar\nd ea* spot4 ,,wat]pro( ,,pap]s4 ,i4--,wall pap]s may be easily r5d]$ wa%able1 ei!r be=e or aft] !y are hung1 by prep>+ !m 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,dissolve #b p>ts ( borax & #b p>ts ( %ellac 9 #bd p>ts ( wat]1 & /ra9 ?r\gh a f9e clo?4 ,) a bru% or a sponge apply ?is to ! surface ( ! pap]1 & :5 x is dry1 poli% x to a nigh gloss ) a s(t bru%4 ,?us treat$ ! pap] may be wa%$ )\t fe> ( remov+ ! colors or ev5 sme>+ or blurr+ !m4 ,,ii4--,?is is recomm5d$ = draw+ pap]4 ,any k9d ( pap] is lightly prim$ ) glue or a suitable b9d]1 to :i* a f9ely p[d]$ inorganic body1 su* z z9c :ite1 *alk1 lime1 or heavy sp>1 z well z ! desir$ color+ matt] = ! pap]1 are add$4 ,next ! pap] ?us treat$ is coat$ ) soluble glass--silicate ( pota% or ( soda--to :i* small am\nts ( magnesia h be5 admix$1 or else x is dipp$ into ?is mixture1 & dri$ = ab\t #aj days 9 a temp]ature ( #gg ,f4 ,pap] ?us prep>$ c be writt5 or drawn ^u ) lead p5cil1 *alk1 color$ crayons1 *>coal1 ,india ink1 & li?ographic crayon1 & ! writ+ or draw+ may be wa%$ (f #bj or m times1 entirely or p>tly1 )\t *ang+ ! pap] mat]ially4 ,x (f]s ! conv5i5ce t any?+ may be readily & quickly remov$ ) a moi/ sponge & imm$iately correct$1 s9ce ! wa%$ places c be work$ on aga9 at once4 ,wax ,pap]4--,i4--,place c>tridge pap] or /rong writ+ pap]1 on a hot iron #ejf plate1 & rub x well ) a lump ( beeswax4 ,us$ to =m extemporane\s /eam or gas pipes1 to cov] ! jo9ts ( vessels1 & to tie ov] pots1 etc4 ,,ii4--,= ! production ( wax$ or c]es9e pap]1 saturate ord9>y pap] ) equal p>ts ( /e>9e & tall[ or c]es9e4 ,if x is desir$ to apply a bus9ess /amp on ! pap] be=e saturation & aft] /amp+1 x %\ld be dri$ well = #bd h\rs1 s z to prev5t ! anil9e color f spread+4 ,wrapp+ ,pap] = ,silv]w>e4--,make a solution ( #f p>ts ( sodium hydrate 9 suffici5t wat] to make x %[ ab\t #bj ,b4 7specific gravity1 #a4fj74 ,to x add #d p>ts z9c oxide1 & boil toge!r until ! latt] is dissolv$4 ,n[ add suffici5t wat] to r$uce ! specific gravity ( ! solution to #a4jge 7#aj ,b474 ,! ba? is n[ ready = use4 ,dip ea* %eet sep>ately1 & hang on ?reads /ret*$ across ! room1 to dry4 ,be on y\r gu>d aga9/ du/1 z p>ticles ( s& adh]+ to ! pap] w scrat* ! w>e wrapp$ 9 x4 ,w>e1 ei!r plat$ or silv]1 wrapp$ 9 ?is pap]1 w n black54 ,v>ni%$ ,pap]4--,be=e proce$+ to v>ni% pap]1 c>d-"w1 pa/ebo>d1 etc41 x is necess>y to give x #b or #c coats ( size1 to prev5t ! absorption ( ! v>ni%1 & any injury to ! color or design4 ,! size may be made by dissolv+ a little is+lass 9 boil+ wat]1 or by boil+ "s clean p>*m5t cutt+s until !y =m a cle> solution4 ,?is1 aft] be+ /ra9$ ?r\gh a piece ( clean musl91 or1 = v nice purposes1 cl>ifi$ ) a little :ite ( egg1 is appli$ by means ( a small clean bru% call$ by pa9t]s a sa% tool4 ,a light1 delicate t\* mu/ be adopt$1 especially = ! fir/ coat1 le/ ! ink or colors be />t$ or smo!r$4 ,:5 ! prep>$ surface is q dry x may be v>ni%$4 ,impregnation ( ,pap]s ) ,zapon ,v>ni%4--,= ! protection ( important pap]s aga9/ ! de/ructive influ5ces ( ! atmosph]e1 ( wat] fungi1 & light1 b especially aga9/ ! consequ5ces ( ! process ( mold+1 a process has be5 introduc$ "u ! "n ( zapon impregnation4 ,! zaponiz+ may be c>ri$ out by dipp+ ! pap]s 9 zapon or by coat+ !m ) x by means ( a bru% or p5cil4 ,sometimes ! purpose may also be rea*$ by dripp+ or spr9kl+ x on1 b 9 ! majority ( cases a pa9t+ ( ! %eets w be ! simple/ me?od4 ,zapon 9 a liquid /ate is highly inflammable1 = :i* reason dur+ ! application until ! evaporation ( ! solv5t1 op5 flames & fires %\ld be kept away f ! vic9ity4 ,:5 ! dry+ is f9i%$1 :i* usually takes a few h\rs :]e bo? sides are coat$1 ! zaponiz$ pap] does n s easily ignite at an op5 flame any m or at lea/ n m readily ?an non-impregnat$ pap]4 ,= coat+ ) & especially = dipp+ 9 zapon1 a contrivance :i* effects a conv5i5t susp5sion & dripp+ (f ) collection ( ! excess is ( advantage4 ,! zapon %\ld be ?9n$ accord+ to ! mat]ial to be treat$4 ,feebly siz$ pap]s are coat$ ) ord9>y1 i4 e41 undilut$ zapon4 ,= dipp+ purposes1 ! zapon %\ld be mix$ ) a dilu5t1 if ! pap] is h>d & well siz$4 ,! weak] ! siz+1 ! m c>eful %\ld be ! selection ( ! zapon4 ,zapon to be us$ = coat+ purposes %\ld be p>ticul>ly ?ick1 s t x c be ?9n$ z desir$4 ,unsiz$ pap]s require an undilut$ coat+4 ,! ?ick v>iety also furni%es an excell5t adhesive ag5t z cem5t = wood1 glass1 porcela91 & metals :i* is insoluble 9 cold & hot wat]1 & b9ds v firmly4 ,metallic surfaces coat$ ) zapon d n oxidize or alt] _! appe>ance1 s9ce ! coat+ is l glass & only =ms a v ?9 b firmly adh]+ film1 :i*1 if appli$ on pliable %eet metal1 does n crack on b5d+4 ,= ! prep>ation ( zapon ! foll[+ directions are giv53 ,p\r #bj p>ts ( acetone ov] #b p>ts ( colorless celluloid wa/e--obta9able at ! celluloid factories--& let /& sev]al days 9 a clos$ vessel1 %ak+ frequ5tly1 until ! :ole has dissolv$ into a cle>1 ?ick mass4 ,next admix #gh p>ts ( amyl acetate & completely cl>ify ! zapon v>ni% by all[+ to settle =weeks4 ,slate ,p>*m5t4--,soak good pap] ) l9se$-oil v>ni% 7boil$ oil7 & apply ! foll[+ mass1 m5tion$ bel[1 sev]al times 9 succession3 ,copal v>ni%1 #a "p1 by weight2 turp5t9e oil1 #b p>ts2 f9e/ spr9kl+ s&1 #a "p2 p[d]$ glass1 #a "p2 gr\nd slate z us$ = slates1 #b p>ts2 & lampblack1 #a "p1 intimately mix$ toge!r1 & repeat$ly gr\nd v f9e4 ,aft] dry+ & h>d5+1 ! plates c be writt5 ^u ) lead or slate p5cils4 ,pap] ,floor ,cov]+4--,! floor is c>efully clean$1 & all holes & #ejg cracks are fill$ up ) a mass :i* is prep>$ by saturat+ newspap]s ) a pa/e t is made by mix+ ?or\ghly #ag #e_/h ounces :eat fl\r1 #c4ag qu>ts wat]1 & #a spoonful ( pulv]iz$ alum4 ,! floor is coat$ ) ?is pa/e ?r\gh\t1 & cov]$ ) a lay] ( manilla pap]1 or o!r /rong hemp pap]4 ,if some?+ v durable is desir$1 pa9t ! pap] lay] ) ! same pa/e & put on ano!r lay] ( pap]1 leav+ x to dry ?or\ghly4 ,!n apply ano!r coat ( pa/e1 & ^u ?is place wall pap] ( any desir$ k9d4 ,9 ord] to protect ! wall pap] f we>1 give x #b or m coats ( a solution ( #h #d_/e ounces :ite glue 9 #b4aa qu>ts hot wat]1 all[ !m to dry1 & f9i% ! job ) a coat+ ( h>d oil v>ni%4 ,,metallic ,,pap]4 ,?is pap]1 made by transf]r+1 pa/+1 or pa9t+ a coat+ ( metal on ord9>y pap]1 reta9s a comp>atively dull & dead appe>ance ev5 aft] glaz+ or poli%+ ) ! burni%] or agate4 ,galvaniz$ or electroplat$ metal pap]1 on ! o!r h&1 9 :i* ! metal has p5etrat$ into ! mo/ m9ute pores ( ! pap]1 possesses an extraord9>ily brilliant poli%1 fully equal to t ( a piece ( compact poli%$ metal4 ,x is mu* m ext5sively us$ ?an ! k9d fir/ m5tion$4 ,! foll[+ solutions are recomm5d$ = mak+ 8galvaniz$0 metal pap]3 ,i4--,= silv] pap]3 ,tw5ty p>ts arg5to-cyanide ( potassium2 #ac p>ts cyanide ( potassium2 #ihj p>ts wat]4 ,,ii4--,= gold pap]3 ,f\r p>ts auro-cyanide ( potassium2 #i p>ts cyanide ( potassium2 #ijj p>ts wat]4 ,mo? ,pap]4-- ,naph?al5e #d ounces ,p>aff9e wax #h ounces ,melt toge!r & :ile w>m pa9t unsiz$ pap] & pack away ) ! goods4 ,lead ,pap]4--,lay r\gh draw+ pap] 7su* z conta9s />*7 on an #h p] c5t potassium iodide solution4 ,aft] a mom5t take x out & dry4 ,next1 9 a d>k room1 float ! pap] face d[nw>d on an #h p] c5t lead nitrate solution4 ,?is s5sitizes ! pap]4 ,dry aga94 ,! pap] is n[ ready = pr9t+4 ,?is process %\ld be c>ri$ on till all ! detail is out 9 a grayi% color4 ,!n develop 9 a #aj p] c5t ammonium *loride solution4 ,! tones obta9$ are ( a f9e blue black4 ,alum9um ,pap]4--,alum9um pap] is n leaf alum9um1 b real pap] glaz$ ) alum9um p[d]4 ,x is said to keep food mat]ials fre%4 ,! basic mat]ial is artificial p>*m5t1 coat$ ) a solution ( ros9 9 alcohol or e!r4 ,aft] dry+1 ! pap] is w>m$ until ! ros9 has aga9 s(t5$ to a slight degree4 ,! alum9um p[d] is du/$ on & ! pap] !n plac$ "u heavy pressure to =ce ! p[d] firmly into x4 ,! metallic coat+ ?us =m$ is n affect$ by air or greasy sub/ances4 ,,pap] 7,,anti-,,ru/7 ,,= ,,ne$les3 ,see ,ru/ ,prev5tives4 ,,pap] ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,pap] ,,dis9fectant3 ,see ,dis9fectants4 ,,pap]1 ,,firepro(3 ,see ,firepro(+4 ,,pap]1 ,,fro/$3 ,see ,glass 7,fro/$74 ,,pap] ,,on ,,glass1 ,,to ,,affix3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,wat]-,glass ,cem5ts4 ,,pap]s1 ,,ignit+3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,pap] ,,on ,,metallic ,,surfaces1 ,,pa/+3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,pap] ,,z ,,protection ,,= ,,iron ,,& ,,/eel3 ,see ,ru/ ,prev5tives4 ,,pap]hang]s' ,,pa/es3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,pap]1 ,,photographic3 ,see ,photography4 ,,pap] ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,pap] ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,papi] ,,ma*3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,p>aff9e3 ,r5d]+ ,p>aff9e ,transp>5t4--,a process = r5d]+ p>aff9e & its mixtures ) o!r bodies 7c]es9e1 etc47 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( transp>5t c&les consi/s ess5tially 9 add+ a #ejh naph?ol1 p>ticul>ly beta-naph?ol1 to ! mat]ial :i* is us$ = ! manufacture ( ! c&les1 tap]s1 etc4 ,! quantity add$ v>ies accord+ to ! mat]ial & ! desir$ effect4 ,"o suitable mixture is made by heat+ #ajj p>ts ( p>aff9e & #b p>ts ( beta-naph?ol at #age to #aie ,f4 ,! mat]ial c be color$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,removal ( ,dirt f ,p>aff9e4--,filtration ?r\gh felt w usually remove p>ticles ( =eign matt] f p>aff9e4 ,x may be necess>y to use a lay] ( f9e s& or ( infusorial e>?4 ,if discolor$ by any soluble matt]1 try fre%ly heat$ animal *>coal4 ,to keep ! p>aff9e fluid1 if a l>ge quantity is to be h&l$1 a jacket$ funnel w be requir$1 ei!r /eam or hot wat] be+ kept 9 circulation 9 ! jacket4 ,p>aff9e ,sc5t$ ,cakes4 ,p>aff9e1 #a ounce2 :ite petrolatum1 #b ounces2 heliotrop91 #aj gra9s2 oil ( b]gamot1 #e drops2 oil ( lav5d]1 #e drops2 oil ( cloves1 #b drops4 ,melt ! fir/ two sub/ances1 !n add ! next1 ! oils la/1 & /ir all until cool4 ,aft] settl+ cut into blocks & wrap 9 t9 foil4 ,?is is a dissem9ator ( p]fume4 ,x p]fumes :]e x is rubb$4 ,x kills mo?s & p]fumes ! w>drobe4 ,x is us$ by rubb+ on clo?1 clo!s1 & ! h&k]*ief4 ,,p>*m5t ,,& ,,p>*m5t ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,p>*m5t ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,p>*m5t ,,pa/e3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,p>faits3 ,see ,ice ,creams4 ,,p>fait ,d',,am\r ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,p>is ,,gre53 ,see ,pigm5ts4 ,,p>is ,,r$3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,p>is ,,salts3 ,see ,dis9fectants4 ,,p>isian ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,passe-,,p>t\t ,,fram+4 ,x is h>dly correct to call ! passe-p>t\t a frame1 z x is m]ely a b9d+ toge!r ( ! pr9t1 ! glass1 & ! back+ ) a n>r[ edge ( pap]4 ,?is simple arrangem5t l5ds to ! picture :5 complete a mu* great] f9i% & a m important appe>ance ?an might be anticipat$4 ,9 reg>d to ! mak+ ( a passe-p>t\t frame1 ! fir/ ?+ is to decide z to ! wid? ( ! m\nt or matt to be us$4 ,9 "s cases1 ( c\rse1 ! pr9t is fram$ ) no m\nt be+ visible2 b1 unless ! picture is ( l>ge size1 x w usually be f\nd m becom+ to h "o1 especially %\ld ! wall pap] be ( an obtrusive design4 ,:5 ! pr9t & m\nt are bo? neatly trimm$ to ! desir$ size1 procure a piece ( cle> :ite picture glass--mo/ amateur fram]s w h discov]$ t !re is a v>iance 9 ! quality ( ?is--& a piece ( /\t c>dbo>d1 bo? ( exactly ! same dim5sions z ! picture4 ,next prep>e or buy ! pap] to be us$ = b9d+ ! edges toge!r4 ,?is may n[ be b\ght at mo/ all /ation]y /ores 9 a great v>iety ( colors4 ,if x is prep>$ at home a great] *oice ( colors is available1 & x is by no means a difficult task ) c>e & %>p scissors4 ,! t9t %\ld be *os5 to h>monize ) ! pr9t & ! m\nt1 tak+ also into consid]ation ! probable surr\nd+s--br[n = photographs ( br[n tone1 d>k gray = black1 pale gray = light] tones2 d>k gre5 is also a good color4 ,all /ation]s keep color$ pap]s suitable = ! purpose1 :ile pla9 wall pap]s or ?9 br[n pap] answ]s equally well4 ,cut ! pap]1 rul+ x c>efully1 into ev5 /rips an in* wide1 & !n into f\r pieces1 two ( !m ! exact l5g? ( ! top & bottom ( ! frame1 & ! o!r two half an in* long] ?an ! two sides4 ,make sure t ! pr9t is ev5ly s&wi*$ betwe5 ! glass & ! back4 ,cut "s t9y /rips ( ?9 c\rt-pla/]1 & ) ^! b9d ! corn]s tightly toge!r4 ,bru% ov] ! two l>g] pieces ( pap] ) m\ntant1 & ) !m b9d tightly toge!r ! ?ree ?icknesses--pr9t1 glass1 & c>dbo>d--all[+ ! pap] to project ov] ab\t a ?ird ( an in* on ! face side1 & ! ends :i* 7 left a little long] mu/ be neatly turn$ ov] & /uck at ! back4 ,!n1 9 ! same mann]1 b9d ! top & bottom edges toge!r1 mit]+ ! corn]s neatly4 ,x %\ld n be =gott51 be=e b9d+ ! edges toge!r1 to make two slits 9 ! c>dbo>d back = ! #eji purpose ( ins]t+ little brass hang]s1 hav+ flat ends l pap] fa/5]s1 :i* may be b\ght = ! purpose2 or1 :]e ^! are n available1 two n>r[ loops ( tape may be us$ in/ead1 /ick+ ! ends firmly on ! inside ( ! c>dbo>d by means ( a little /rong glue4 ,^! are ! few manipulations necess>y = ! mak+ ( a simple passe-p>t\t frame1 b !re are numb]less v>iations ( ! idea1 & a great deal ( v>iety may be obta9$ by means ( us+ diff]5t m\nts4 ,br[n pap] answ]s admirably z a m\nt = "s subjects1 us+ /rips ( pap] ( a d>k] %ade z b9d+4 ,a n too obtrusive design 9 p5 & ink is occasionally drawn on ! m\nt1 :ile a m ambiti\s s*eme is to use pa9t & bru%es 9 ! same way4 ,an +5i\s idea :i* suits "s subjects is to use a piece ( h&-block$ wall pap] z a m\nt4 ,,p>quet ,,poli%3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,pa/es3 ,see ,adhesives = ,adhesive ,purposes4 ,pa/es1 ,razor4--,i4--,f jewel]s' r\ge1 plumbago1 & suet1 equal p>ts1 melt$ toge!r & /irr$ until cold4 ,,ii4--,f prep>$ putty p[d] 7levigat$ oxide ( t971 #c p>ts2 l>d1 #b p>ts2 crocus m>tis1 #a "p2 triturat$ toge!r4 ,,iii4--,prep>$ putty p[d]1 #a ounce2 p[d]$ oxalic acid1 #a_/d ounce2 p[d]$ gum1 #bj gra9s2 make a /iff pa/e ) wat]1 quantity suffici5t1 & ev5ly & ?9ly spread x ov] ! /rop1 ! o!r side ( :i* %\ld be cov]$ ) any ( ! common greasy mixtures4 ,) v little friction ?is pa/e gives a f9e edge to ! razor1 & its action is /ill fur!r increas$ by slightly moi/5+ x1 or ev5 brea?+ on x4 ,imm$iately aft] its use1 ! razor %\ld receive a few turns on ! o!r side ( ! /rop4 ,,pa/e ,,= ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,pa/es ,,= ,,poli%+ ,,metals3 ,see ,soaps4 ,,pa/ebo>d ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,pa/ebo>d ,,deodoriz]s3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,pa/illes1 ,,fumigat+3 ,see ,fumigants4 ,,pat9as3 ,see ,bronz+ & ,plat+4 ,,pat5t ,,lea!r3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,pea* ,,extract3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,pe>ls1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,pegamoid4 ,camphor1 #ajj p>ts2 ma/ic1 #ajj p>ts2 blea*$ %ellac1 #ej p>ts2 gun cotton1 #bjj p>ts2 acetone1 #bjj p>ts2 acetic e!r1 #ajj p>ts2 e?ylic e!r1 #ej p>ts4 ,,p5 ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,p5cils1 ,,antiseptic3 ,see ,antiseptics4 ,,p5cils ,,= ,,m>k+ ,,glass3 ,see ,et*+1 ,fro/$ ,glass1 & ,glass4 ,,p5s1 ,,gold3 ,see ,gold4 ,,peony ,,roots1 ,,_! ,,pres]vation3 ,see ,roots4 ,,p]c5tage ,,solution4 ,multiply ! p]c5tage by #e2 ! product is ! numb] ( gra9s to be add$ to an ounce ( wat] to make a solution ( ! desir$ p]c5tage4 ,?is is correct = any?+ less ?an #ae p] c5t4 ,p]fumes ,,dry ,,p]fumes3 ,sa*et ,p[d]s4-- ,i4--,orris root #f ounces ,lav5d] fl[]s #b ounces ,talcum #d dra*ms ,musk #bj gra9s ,t]p9ol #fj gra9s ,,ii4--,orange peel #b ounces ,orris root #a ounce ,s&alwood #d dra*ms ,tonka #b dra*ms ,musk #f gra9s #eaj ,lav5d] ,sa*ets4-- ,i4--,lav5d] fl[]s #af ounces ,gum b5zo9 #d ounces ,oil lav5d] #b dra*ms ,,ii4--,lav5d] fl[]s1 #aej p>ts2 orris root1 #aej p>ts2 b5zo91 #aej p>ts2 ,tonka beans1 #aej p>ts2 cloves1 #ajj p>ts2 8,neug5w]z10 #ej p>ts2 s&alwood1 #ej p>ts2 c9namon1 #ej p>ts2 vanilla1 #ej p>ts2 & musk1 #a_/b "p4 ,all is bruis$ f9ely & mix$4 ,violet ,sa*et4-- ,p[d]$ orris root #ejj p>ts ,rice fl\r #bej p>ts ,ess5ce b\quet #aj p>ts ,spr+ fl[]s extract #aj p>ts ,violet extract #bj p>ts ,oil ( b]gamot #d p>ts ,oil ( rose #b p>ts ,borat$ ,talcum4-- ,i4--,purifi$ talcum1 ,n4 ,f4 #b p\nds ,p[d]$ boric acid #a ounce ,to p]fume add ! foll[+3 ,p[d]$ orris root #a #a_/b ounces ,extract jasm9e #b dra*ms ,extract musk #a dra*m ,,ii4--,a p[d] sometimes disp5s$ "u ?is "n is ! salicylat$ p[d] ( talcum ( ! ,national ,=mul>y1 :i* conta9s 9 e #a1jjj p>ts #cj p>ts ( salicylic acid & #ajj p>ts ( boric acid4 ,rose4-- ,i4--,corn/>* #i p\nds ,p[d]$ talc #a p\nd ,oil ( rose #hj drops ,extract musk #b dra*ms ,extract jasm9e #f dra*ms ,,ii4--,potato />* #i p\nds ,p[d]$ talc #a p\nd ,oil rose #de drops ,extract jasm9e #a_/b ounce ,rose ,talc4-- ,i4--,p[d]$ talc #e p\nds ,oil rose #ej drops ,oil w9t]gre5 #d drops ,extract jasm9e #b ounces ,,ii4--,p[d]$ talc #e p\nds ,oil rose #cb drops ,oil jasm9e #d ounces ,extract musk #a ounce ,violet ,talc4-- ,i4--,p[d]$ talc #ad ounces ,p[d]$ orris root #b ounces ,extract cassie #a_/b ounce ,extract jasm9e #a_/d ounce ,extract musk #a dra*m ,,ii4--,/>* #e1jjj p>ts ,orris root #a1jjj p>ts ,oil ( lemon #ad p>ts ,oil ( b]gamot #ad p>ts ,oil ( clove #d p>ts ,smell+ ,salts4--,i4--,fill small glasses hav+ gr\nd /opp] ) pieces ( sponge free f s& & saturate ) a mixture ( _s ( sal ammoniac 7#j4iaj71 #i p>ts1 & oil ( lav5d]1 #a "p4 ,or else fill ! bottles ) small dice ( ammonium sesquic>bonate & p\r ! above mixture ov] !m4 ,,ii4--,ess5tial oil ( lav5d] #ah p>ts ,att> ( rose #b p>ts ,ammonium c>bonate #dhj p>ts ,violet ,smell+ ,salts4--,i4--,moi/5 co>sely p[d]$ ammonia c>bonate1 conta9$ 9 a suitable bottle1 ) a mixture ( conc5trat$ t9cture ( orris root1 #b #a_/b ounces2 aromatic _s ( ammonia1 #a dra*m2 violet extract1 #c dra*ms4 ,,ii4--,moi/5 ! c>bonate1 & add z mu* ( ! foll[+ solution z x w absorb3 ,oil ( orris1 #e m9ims2 oil ( lav5d] fl[]s1 #aj m9ims2 violet extract1 #cj m9ims2 /rong] wat] ( ammonia1 #b fluid\nces4 ,to ,sc5t ,adv]tis+ ,matt]1 etc4--,! simple/ way ( p]fum+ pr9t$ matt]1 su* z cal5d>s1 c>ds1 etc41 is to /ick !m 9 /rongly odor\s sa*et p[d]4 ,al?\gh ! effect ( a /rong p]fume is obta9$ !reby1 !re is a l>ge loss ( p[d]1 :i* cl+s to ! pr9t$ matt]4 ,aga91 !re are (t5 little spots :i* are due to ! ess5tial oils add$ to ! p[d]4 ,ano!r way ( p]fum+1 :i* is us$ especially 9 ,france = sc5t+ c>ds & o!r articles1 is to dip !m 9 v /rong 8extraits d'odeur10 leav+ !m !re9 = a few days4 ,!n ! c>ds are tak5 out & laid betwe5 filt]+ pap]1 :]eupon !y are press$ vigor\sly1 :i* causes !m n only to dry1 b also to rema9 /raight4 ,!y rema9 "u /rong pressure until completely dry4 ,n all c>dbo>d1 h[ev]1 c be subject$ to ?is process1 & 9 its *oice "o %\ld consid] ! p]fum+ op]ation to be conduct$4 ,nor c ! c>ds be glaz$1 s9ce _s dissolves ! glaze4 ,x is also pref]able to h li?ograph$ text on !m1 s9ce 9 ! case ( ord9>y pr9t+ ! lett]s (t5 p>tly disappe> or ! colors are *ang$4 #eaa ,= pocket cal5d>s1 price li/s1 & volum9\s matt] conta9+ m leaves ?an "o1 ano!r process is recomm5d$4 ,9 a tight closet1 :i* %\ld be l9$ ) t91 s t little air c ent]1 tables compos$ ( la?s are plac$ on :i* nets /ret*$ on frames are laid4 ,cov] ^! nets ) tissue pap]1 & proce$ z foll[s3 ,on ! bottom ( ! closet spr9kle a /rongly odor\s & rep]fum$ p[d]2 !n cov] "o net ) ! pr9t$ matt] to be p]fum$ & %ove x to ! closet on ! la?4 ,! next net aga9 receives p[d]1 ! foll[+ "o pr9t$ matt]1 & s on until ! closet is fill$4 ,aft] tightly clos+ ! doors1 ! :ole arrangem5t is left to itself4 ,?is process pres5ts ano!r advantage 9 t all sorts ( residues may be employ$ = sc5t+1 su* z ! filt]s ( ! odors & infusions1 residues ( musk1 etc4 ,^! are simply laid on ! nets1 & w ?us imp>t _! p]fume to ! pr9t$ matt]4 ,su* a sc5t+ p[d] is produc$ z foll[s3 ,by weight ,iris p[d]1 f9ely gr\nd #e1jjj p>ts ,residues ( musk #a1jjj p>ts ,ylang-ylang oil #aj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #ej p>ts ,artificial musk #b p>ts ,ionone #b to #e p>ts ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #ajj p>ts ,! p[d] may subsequ5tly be employ$ = fill+ *eap sa*ets1 etc4 ,,liquid ,,p]fumes3 ,color+ ,p]fumes4--,*lorophyll is a suitable ag5t = color+ liquid p]fumes gre54 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to procure an article freely soluble 9 ! m5/ruum4 ,z f\nd 9 ! m>ket x is prep>$ 79 =m ( solutions7 = use 9 liquids /rongly alcoholic2 9 wat] or weak alcohol2 & 9 oils4 ,anil9e gre5s ( v>i\s k9ds w answ] ! same purpose1 b 9 a trial ( any "o ( ^! x mu/ be not$ t v small quantities %\ld be us$1 z _! t9ctorial p[] is s great t liquids 9 :i* !y are incauti\sly us$ may /a9 ! h&k]*ief4 ,color imp>t$ by *lorophyll w be f\nd fairly p]man5t2 ?is t]m is a relative "o1 & n too mu* mu/ be expect$4 ,colors :i* may suff] b little *ange by long exposure to diffus$ light may fade p]ceptibly by %ort exposure to ! direct light ( ! sun4 ,*lorophyll may be pur*as$ or x may be prep>$ z foll[s3 ,dige/ leaves ( grass1 nettles1 sp9a*1 or o!r gre5 h]b 9 w>m wat] until s(t2 p\r (f ! wat] & cru% ! h]b to a pulp4 ,boil ! pulp = a %ort "t ) a half p] c5t solution ( cau/ic soda1 & aft]w>ds precipitate ! *lorophyll by means ( dilute hydro*loric acid2 wa% ! precipitate ?or\ghly ) wat]1 press & dry x1 & use z mu* = ! solution z may be necess>y4 ,or a t9cture made f grass z foll[s may be employ$3 ,lawn grass1 cut f9e #b ounces ,alcohol #af ounces ,put ! grass 9 a wide-m\!d bottle1 & p\r ! alcohol ^u x4 ,aft] /&+ a few days1 agitat+ occasionally1 p\r (f ! liquid4 ,! t9cture may be us$ ) bo? alcoholic & aque\s prep>ations4 ,among ! anil9es1 _s soluble mala*ite gre5 has be5 recomm5d$4 ,a purple or violet t9t may be produc$ by us+ t9cture ( litmus or ammoniat$ co*9eal color+4 ,! =m] is made z foll[s3 ,litmus #b #a_/b ounces ,boil+ wat] #af ounces ,alcohol #c ounces ,p\r ! wat] ^u ! litmus1 /ir well1 all[ to /& = ab\t an h\r1 /irr+ occasionally1 filt]1 & to ! filtrate add ! alcohol4 ,! anil9e colors 8,p>is violet0 or me?yl violet ,b may be simil>ly employ$4 ,! am\nt necess>y to produce a desir$ t9t mu/ be work$ out by exp]im5t4 ,yell[ t9ts may be/ be imp>t$ by ! use ( t9cture ( turm]ic or saffron1 fu/ic1 qu]citron1 etc4 ,if a p]fum$ _s1 z1 = in/ance1 a m\? wa%1 is p\r$ into a w9eglassful ( wat]1 ! oils w sep>ate at once & spread ov] ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,?is liquid be+ all[$ to /& uncov]$1 "o oil aft] ano!r w evaporate1 accord+ to ! degree ( its volatility1 until at la/ ! lea/ volatile rema9s beh9d4 ,?is process sometimes requires weeks1 & 9 ord] to be able to wat* ! sep>ate phases ( ?is evaporation correctly1 x is necess>y to use sev]al glasses & to conduct ! mixtures at c]ta9 int]vals4 ,! glasses mu/ be numb]$ accord+ to ! day :5 set up1 s t !y may be readily id5tifi$4 ,if we assume1 = example1 t a m\? wa% is to be exam9$1 we may probably prep>e e day = "o week a mixture ( ab\t #ajj grams ( wat] & #aj drops ( ! respective liquid4 ,h5ce1 aft] a lapse ( #g days #eab we w h be=e u #g b\quets1 ( diff]5t odor1 accord+ to ! volatility ( ! oils conta9$ 9 !m4 ,f ^! diff]5t b\quets ! qualitative composition ( ! liquid may be readily recogniz$1 provid$ t "o is famili> en\gh ) ! "* ( ! diff]5t oils to be able to tell !m by _! odors4 ,! pr$om9ance ( pepp]m9t oil--to cont9ue ) ! above example--w soon be lo/ & o!r oils w rise "o aft] ! o!r1 to disappe> aga9 aft] a %ort "t1 s t ! #g glasses af=d an entire scale ( *>act]i/ic odors1 until at la/ only ! mo/ la/+ are p]ceptible4 ,?us x is possible ) "s practice to tell a b\quet pretty accurately 9 its sep>ate odors4 ,9 ?is mann] int]e/+ results are (t5 rea*$1 & ) "s p]sev]ance ev5 complicat$ mixtures c be analyz$ & recogniz$ 9 _! di/9ctiv5ess4 ,naturally ! difficulty 9 recogniz+ ea* oil is increas$ 9 ! case ( oils ^: volatility is approximately ! same4 ,b ev5 9 ?is case *anges1 ?\gh n q s m>k$1 c be det]m9$ 9 ! b\quet4 ,9 a quantitative respect ?is me?od also furni%es a c]ta9 result z f> z ! comp>ison ( p]fum$ liquids is conc]n$4 ,accord+ to ! quantity ( ! oils pres5t ! dim zone on ! wat] is broad] or n>r[]1 & al?\gh ! size ( ?is lay] may be *ang$ by ! admixture ( o!r sub/ances1 "o ga9s an idea reg>d+ ! quantity ( ! oils by m]e smell+4 ,x is necess>y1 ( c\rse1 to *oose glasses ) equally l>ge op5+s & to c\nt out ! drops ( ! ess5ce c>efully by means ( a dropp]4 ,:5 x is ?\ght t all ! odors h be5 plac$1 a te/ is made by prep>+ a mixture accord+ to ! recipe result+ f ! trial4 ,n pure oils1 always alcoholic dilutions 9 a c]ta9 ratio %\ld be us$1 9 ord] n to di/urb ! task by a surplus ( ! diff]5t v>ieties1 s9ce x is easy to add m1 b impossible to take away4 ,x is true ?is me?od requires pati5ce1 p]sev]ance1 & a f9e s5se ( smell4 ,"o smell+ te/ %\ld n be consid]$ suffici5t1 b ! glasses %\ld be c>ri$ to ! nose z (t5 z possible4 ,fix+ ,ag5ts 9 ,p]fumes4--,! secret ( mak+ p]fum]y lies ma9ly 9 ! *oice ( ! fix+ ag5ts--i4 e41 ^? bodies :i* int5sify & hold ! floral odors4 ,! ag5ts =m]ly employ$ 7 musk1 civet1 & amb]gris1 all hav+ a heavy & dull animal odor1 :i* is ! direct anti!sis ( a floral fragrance4 ,a free use ( ^! bodies mu/ inevitably mean a p]fume :i* requires a label to tell :at x is int5d$ =1 to say no?+ ( :at x is4 ,to-day !re is no evid5ce t ! la/ ( ^! 7amb]gris7 is be+ us$ at all 9 ! new] p]fumes1 & ! o!r two are employ$ v sp>+ly1 if at all4 ,! result is t ! new] p]fumes possess a fragrance & a fidelity to ! fl[]s t !y imitate :i* is f> sup]ior to ! old] p]fumes4 ,yet ! new] p]fume is q z prom95t & la/+ z ! old1 :ile x is m pleas+4 ,x conta9s ! syn!tic odors1 ) balsams or ros9\s bodies z fixatives1 & employs musk & civet only 9 ! mo/ sp>+ mann] 9 "s ( ! m s5sitive odors4 ,z a fix+ ag5t b5zo9 is to be recomm5d$4 ,only ! be/ v>iety %\ld be us$1 ! ,siamese1 :i* co/s #e or #f times z mu* z t f ,sumatra4 ,! latt] has a co>se pung5t odor4 ,musk is depress+1 & its use 9 cologne 9 ev5 ! m9ute/ quantity w spoil ! cologne4 ,! musk l+]s aft] ! light] odors h disappe>$1 & a sick p]son is pretty sure to feel its effects4 ,p]sons 9 vigor\s heal? w n notice ! depress+ effects ( musk1 b :5 lassitude prevails ^! are v unpleasant4 ,moreov]1 x is n a necessity 9 ^! toilet accessories1 ei!r z a bl5d+ or z a fix+ ag5t4 ,its place is bett] suppli$ by b5zo9 = bo? purposes4 ,z to alcohol1 a lot ( nons5se has be5 writt5 ab\t ! necessity ( extreme c>e 9 select+ x1 su* z c]ta9 k9ds requir+ alcohol made f grapes & o!rs dem&+ extreme purification1 etc4 ,a reasonable att5tion to a good quality ( alcohol1 ev5 at a slight increase 9 co/1 w always pay1 b1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 a good quality ( oils 9 a poor quality ( alcohol w give f> bett] satisfaction ?an ! opposite comb9ation4 ,! public is n compos$ ( exact+ connoisseurs1 & x does n appreciate extreme c>e or exp5se 9 ei!r p>ticul>4 ,a good grade ( alcohol1 reasonably free f heavy & l+]+ =eign odors1 w answ] practically all ! requirem5ts4 ,g5]al ,directions = ,mak+ ,p]fumes4--,x is absolutely ess5tial = obta9+ ! be/ results to see t all vessels are p]fectly clean4 ,always employ alcohol1 #ij p] c5t1 deodoriz$ by #eac means ( *>coal4 ,:5 gra9 musk is us$ z an +r$i5t 9 liquid p]fumes1 fir/ rub d[n ) pumice /one1 !n dige/ 9 a little hot wat] = #b or #c h\rs2 f9ally add to alcohol4 ,! addition ( #b or #c m9ims ( acetic acid w improve ! odor & also prev5t accumulation ( ,,nh#c4 ,civet & amb]gris %\ld also be ?or\ghly rubb$ d[n ) "s co>se p[d]1 & transf]r$ directly to alcohol4 ,se$s1 pods1 b>k rhizomes1 etc41 %\ld be cut up 9 small pieces or p[d]$4 ,p]fumes improve by /or+4 ,x is a good plan to tie ov] ! m\? ( ! conta9+ vessel "s fairly ?ick por\s mat]ial1 & to all[ ! vessel to /& = a week or two 9 a cool place1 in/ead ( cork+ at once4 ,x is p]haps unnecess>y to add t z l>ge a quantity z possible %\ld be decant$1 & !n ! residue filt]$4 ,?is obvi\sly prev5ts loss by evaporation4 ,talc or kieselguhr 7amorph\s ,si,o#b7 are p]haps ! be/ sub/ances to add to ! filt] 9 ord] to r5d] liquid p]fumes bright & cle>1 & m especially necess>y 9 ! case ( aromatic v9eg>s4 ,! op]ations involv$ 9 mak+ p]fumes are simple2 ! *ief ?+ to be le>n$1 p]haps1 is to judge ( ! quality ( mat]ials4 ,! t]m 8extract10 :5 us$ 9 mo/ =mulas1 means an alcoholic solution ( ! odor\s pr9ciples ( c]ta9 fl[]s obta9$ by enflu]age2 t is1 ! fl[]s are plac$ 9 contact ) prep>$ grease :i* absorbs ! odor\s matt]1 & ?is grease is 9 turn mac]at$ ) alcohol :i* dissolves out ! odor4 ,a small portion ( ! grease is tak5 up also at ord9>y temp]atures2 ?is is remov$ by filt]+ ! 8extract0 :ile 8*ill$0 by a freez+ mixture4 ,! extracts c be ei!r pur*as$ or made directly f ! pomade 7z ! grease is call$74 ,to employ ! latt] me?od successfully "s exp]i5ce may be necess>y4 ,! t9ctures are made ) #ie p] c5t deodoriz$ alcohol1 en\gh m5/ruum be+ add$ ?r\gh ! m>c :5 filt]+ to br+ ! f9i%$ prep>ation to ! measure ( ! m5/ruum orig9ally tak54 ,! glyc]9e is int5d$ to act z a 8fix+0 ag5t--t is1 to less5 ! volatility ( ! p]fumes4 ,t9ctures = ,p]fumes4-- a4 ,amb]gris1 #a "p2 alcohol1 #if p] c5t1 #ae p>ts4 b4 ,b5zo91 ,sumatra1 #a "p2 alcohol1 #if p] c5t1 #f p>ts4 c4 ,musk1 #a "p2 di/ill$ wat]1 #be p>ts2 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #be p>ts4 d4 ,musk1 #a "p2 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #ej p>ts2 = v oleif]\s compositions4 e4 ,p]u balsam1 #a "p 9 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #g p>ts2 %ake vigor\sly4 f4 ,/orax1 #a "p 9 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #ae p>ts4 g4 ,p[d]$ ,tolu balsam1 #a "p2 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #f p>ts4 h4 ,*opp$ ,tonka beans1 #a "p2 _s1 #fj p] c5t1 #f p>ts2 = compositions conta9+ little oil4 i4 ,*opp$ ,tonka beans1 #a "p2 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #f p>ts2 = compositions conta9+ mu* oil4 j4 ,vanilla1 #a "p2 _s1 #fj p] c5t1 #f p>ts2 = compositions conta9+ little oil4 k4 ,vanilla1 #a "p2 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #f p>ts2 = compositions conta9+ mu* oil4 l4 ,vanill91 #bj p>ts2 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #d1ejj p>ts4 m4 ,p[d]$ orris root1 #a "p2 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #e p>ts4 n4 ,grat$ civet1 #a "p 9 _s1 #if p] c5t1 #aj p>ts4 ,bay ,rum4--,bay rum1 or m prop]ly bay _s1 may be made f ! oil ) weak alcohol z "h direct$3 ,i4--,oil ( bay leaves #c dra*ms ,oil ( orange peel #a_/b dra*m ,t9cture ( orange peel #b ounces ,magnesium c>bonate #a_/b ounce ,alcohol #d p9ts ,wat] #d p9ts ,triturate ! oils ) ! magnesium c>bonate1 gradually add+ ! o!r +r$i5ts previ\sly mix$1 & filt]4 ,! t9cture ( orange peel is us$ *iefly z a color+ = ! mixture4 ,oil ( bay leaves z f\nd 9 ! m>ket v>ies 9 quality4 ,! mo/ co/ly w presumably be f\nd ! be/1 & its use w n make ! product exp5sive4 ,x c be made f ! be/ oil & deodoriz$ alcohol & /ill sold at a mod]ate price ) a good pr(it4 ,especial c>e %\ld be tak5 to use only p]fectly fre% oil ( orange peel4 ,z is well kn[n1 ?is oil det]iorates rapidly on exposure to ! air1 acquir+ an odor simil> to t ( turp5t9e4 ,! oil %\ld be kept 9 bottles ( su* size t :5 op5$ ! cont5ts c be all us$ 9 a %ort "t4 #ead ,,ii4--,bay oil1 #ae p>ts2 sweet orange oil1 #a "p2 pim5to oil1 #a "p2 _s ( w9e1 #a1jjj p>ts2 wat]1 #gej p>ts2 soap _s or quillaia b>k1 ad libitum4 ,,iii4--,bay oil1 #ab4e p>ts2 sweet orange oil1 #j4e "p2 pim5to oil1 #j4e "p2 _s ( w9e1 #bjj p>ts2 wat]1 #b1hjj p>ts2 ,jamaica rum ess5ce1 #ge p>ts2 soap p[d]1 #bj p>ts2 quillaia extract1 #e p>ts2 borax1 #aj p>ts2 use sug> color4 ,colognes4--,9 mak+ cologne wat]1 ! alcohol us$ %\ld be t obta9$ f ! di/illation ( w9e1 provid$ a fir/-class article is desir$4 ,x is possible1 ( c\rse1 to make a good cologne ) v highly rectifi$ & deodoriz$ corn or potato spirits1 b ! product nev] equals t made f w9e spirits4 ,possibly ! reason = ?is lies 9 ! fact t ! latt] always conta9s a v>y+ am\nt ( o5an?ic e!r4 ,i4--,oil ( b]gamot #aj p>ts ,oil ( n]oli #ae p>ts ,oil ( citron #e p>ts ,oil ( c$rat #e p>ts ,oil ( rosem>y #a "p ,t9cture ( amb]gris #e p>ts ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #e p>ts ,alcohol #a1jjj p>ts ,,ii4--,! foll[+ is /at$ to be ! 8orig9al0 =mula3 ,oil ( b]gamot #if p>ts ,oil ( citron #if p>ts ,oil ( c$rat #if p>ts ,oil ( rosem>y #dh p>ts ,oil ( n]oli #dh p>ts ,oil ( lav5d] #dh p>ts ,oil ( cavella #bd p>ts ,absolute alcohol #a1jjj p>ts ,_s ( rosem>y #be1jjj p>ts ,,iii4--,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #e1jjj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #bbj p>ts ,lemon oil #ge p>ts ,n]oli oil #bj p>ts ,rosem>y oil #e p>ts ,lav5d] oil ,fr5* #e p>ts ,! oils are well dissolv$ 9 _s & left alone = a few days ) frequ5t %ak+4 ,next add ab\t #dj p>ts ( acetic acid & filt] aft] a :ile4 ,,iv4--,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #e1jjj p>ts ,lav5d] oil1 ,fr5* #ce p>ts ,lemon oil #cj p>ts ,portugallo oil #cj p>ts ,n]oli oil #ae p>ts ,b]gamot oil #ae p>ts ,petit gra9 oil #d p>ts ,rosem>y oil #d p>ts ,orange wat] #gjj p>ts ,cologne ,spirits or ,deodoriz$ ,alcohol4--,?is is us$ 9 all toilet prep>ations & p]fumes4 ,x is made ?us3 ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #a gallon ,p[d]$ unslak$ lime #d dra*ms ,p[d]$ alum #b dra*ms ,_s ( nitr\s e!r #a dra*m ,mix ! lime & alum1 & add !m to ! alcohol1 %ak+ ! mixture well toge!r2 !n add ! sweet _s ( nit] & set aside = #g days1 %ak+ occasionally2 f9ally filt]4 ,florida ,wat]s4-- ,oil ( b]gamot #c fluid\nces ,oil ( lav5d] #a fluid\nce ,oil ( cloves #a #a_/d fluidra*ms ,oil ( c9namon #b #a_/b fluidra*ms ,oil ( n]oli #a_/b fluidra*m ,oil ( lemon #a fluid\nce ,ess5ce ( jasm9e #f fluid\nces ,ess5ce ( musk #b fluid\nces ,rose wat] #a p9t ,alcohol #h p9ts ,mix1 & if cl\dy1 filt] ?r\gh magnesium c>bonate4 ,lav5d] ,wat]4--,?is1 ! mo/ fam\s ( all ! p]fum$ wat]s1 0 orig9ally a di/illate f a mixture ( _s & lav5d] fl[]s4 ,?is 0 ! p]fume4 ,!n came a comp\nd wat]1 or 8palsy wat]10 :i* 0 int5d$ /rictly = use z a m$ic9e1 b sometimes conta9+ amb]gris & musk1 z well z r$ s&]s wood4 ,only ! odor ( ! old comp\nd rema9s to u z a p]fume1 & ?is is ! odor :i* all p]fume comp\nd]s endeavor to hit4 ,! mo/ important precaution 9 mak+ lav5d] wat] is to use well-matur$ oil ( lav5d]4 ,"s :o take pride 9 ?is p]fume use no oil :i* is less ?an #e ye>s old1 & :i* has _h #a ounce ( rectifi$ _s add$ to ea* p\nd ( oil be=e be+ set aside to mature4 ,aft] mix+1 ! p]fume %\ld /& = at lea/ a mon? be=e filt]+ ?r\gh gray filt]+ pap]4 ,?is may be tak5 z a g5]al in/ruction3 ,i4--,oil ( lav5d] #a #a_/b ounces ,oil ( b]gamot #d dra*ms ,ess5ce amb]gris #d dra*ms ,pro( _s #c p9ts #eae ,,ii4--,engli% oil ( lav5d] #a ounce ,oil ( b]gamot #a #a_/b dra*ms ,ess5ce ( musk 7,no4 #b7 #a_/b ounce ,ess5ce ( amb]gris #a_/b ounce ,pro( _s #b p9ts ,,iii4--,engli% oil ( lav5d] #a_/b ounce ,oil ( b]gamot #b dra*ms ,ess5ce ( amb]gris #a dra*m ,ess5ce ( musk 7,no4 #a7 #c dra*ms ,oil ( angelica #b m9ims ,att> ( rose #f m9ims ,pro( _s #a p9t ,,iv4--,oil ( lav5d] #d ounces ,gra9 musk #ae gra9s ,oil ( b]gamot #b #a_/b ounces ,att> ( rose #a #a_/b dra*ms ,oil ( n]oli #a_/b dra*m ,_s ( nitr\s e!r #b #a_/b ounces ,triple rose wat] #ab ounces ,pro( _s #e p9ts ,all[ to /& #e weeks be=e filt]+4 ,,liquid ,,p]fumes ,,= ,,! ,,h&k]*ief1 ,,p]son1 ,,etc43 ,acacia ,extract4-- ,fr5* acacia #djj p>ts ,t9cture ( amb] 7#a 9 #aj7 #c p>ts ,eucalyptus oil #j4e p>ts ,lav5d] oil #a "p ,b]gamot oil #a "p ,t9cture ( musk #b p>ts ,t9cture ( orris root #aej p>ts ,_s ( w9e1 #hj p] c5t #ejj p>ts ,bi%op ,ess5ce4-- ,fre% gre5 peel ( unripe oranges #fj4j grams ,curaao orange peel #ahj4j grams ,malaga orange peel #ij4j grams ,ceylon c9namon #b4j grams ,cloves #g4e grams ,vanilla #aa4j grams ,orange fl[] oil #d drops ,_s ( w9e #a1ejj4j grams ,hung>ian w9e #gbj4j grams ,a d>k-br[n t9cture ( pleasant ta/e & smell4 ,c>ol9e ,b\quet4-- ,oil ( lemon #ae m9ims ,oil ( b]gamot #a dra*m ,ess5ce ( rose #d ounces ,ess5ce ( tub]ose #d ounces ,ess5ce ( violet #d ounces ,t9cture ( orris #b ounces ,alex&ra ,b\quet4-- ,oil ( b]gamot #c #a_/b dra*ms ,oil ( rose g]anium #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( rose #a_/b dra*m ,oil ( cassia #ae m9ims ,deodoriz$ alcohol #a p9t ,navy ,b\quet4-- ,_s ( s&alwood #aj ounces ,extract ( pat*\li #aj ounces ,_s ( rose #aj ounces ,_s ( vetiv]t #aj ounces ,extract ( v]b5a #ab ounces ,bridal ,b\quet4--,s&al oil1 #cj m9ims2 rose extract1 #d fluid\nces2 jasm9e extract1 #d fluid\nces2 orange fl[] extract1 #af fluid\nces2 ess5ce ( vanilla1 #a fluid\nce2 ess5ce ( musk1 #b fluid\nces2 t9cture ( /orax1 #b fluid\nces4 7,! t9cture ( /orax is prep>$ ) liquid /orax & alcohol #ij p] c5t1 #a3bj1 by mac]at+ = #g days47 ,iri% ,b\quet4-- ,:ite rose ess5ce #e1jjj p>ts ,vanilla ess5ce #dej p>ts ,rose oil #e p>ts ,_s #ajj p>ts ,ess5ce ,b\quet4-- ,i4--,_s #h1jjj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #b1jjj p>ts ,iris t9cture #bej p>ts ,vanilla h]b t9cture #ajj p>ts ,b5zo9 t9cture #dj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #ej p>ts ,/orax t9cture #ej p>ts ,clove oil #ae p>ts ,palm>osa oil #ab p>ts ,lemon-grass oil #ae p>ts ,,ii4--,extract ( rose 7#b;d7 #fd ounces ,extract ( jasm9e 7#b;d7 #ab ounces ,extract ( cassie 7#b;d7 #h ounces ,t9cture ( orris 7#a to #d7 #fd ounces ,oil ( b]gamot #a_/b ounce ,oil ( cloves #a dra*m ,oil ( ylang-ylang #a_/b dra*m ,t9cture ( b5zo9 7#a to #h7 #b ounces ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,b\quet ,canang4-- ,ylang-ylang oil #de m9ims ,gra9 musk #c gra9s ,rose oil #ae m9ims ,tonka beans #c ,cassie oil #e m9ims ,t9cture orris rhizome #a fluid\nce #eaf ,civet #a gra9 ,almond oil #a_/b m9im ,/orax t9cture #c fluidra*ms ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #i fluid\nces ,mix1 & dige/ #a mon?4 ,! above is a v delici\s p]fume4 ,cassie oil or otto is d]iv$ f ! fl[]s ( ,acacia f>nesiana ,mimosa f>nesiana1 ,l4 7,n4 ,o4 ,legum9os1 subord] ,mimose74 ,x mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) cassia otto1 ! ess5tial oil obta9$ f ,c9namomum cassia4 ,ca%m]e ,nosegay4-- ,i4--,ess5ce ( violet1 f pomade #a p9t ,ess5ce ( rose1 f pomade #a #a_/b p9ts ,t9cture ( b5zo91 7#a to #d7 #a_/b p9t ,t9cture ( civet 7#a to #fd7 #a_/d p9t ,t9cture ( ,tonka 7#a to #d7 #a_/d p9t ,b5zoic acid #a_/b ounce ,oil ( pat*\li #a_/d ounce ,oil ( s&al #a_/b ounce ,rose wat] #a_/b p9t ,,ii4--,ess5ce violet #abj ounces ,ess5ce rose #ahj ounces ,t9cture b5jam9 7#a 9 #d7 #fj ounces ,t9cture civet 7#a 9 #fb7 #cj ounces ,t9cture ,tonka 7#a 9 #d7 #cj ounces ,oil pat*\li #c ounces ,oil s&alwood #f ounces ,rose wat] #fj ounces ,clove ,p9k4-- ,i4--,ess5ce ( rose #b ounces ,ess5ce ( orange fl[] #f ounces ,t9cture ( vanilla #c #a_/b ounces ,oil ( cloves #bj m9ims ,,ii4--,ess5ce ( cassie #e ounces ,ess5ce ( orange fl[] #e ounces ,ess5ce ( rose #aj ounces ,_s ( rose #g ounces ,t9cture ( vanilla #c ounces ,oil ( cloves #ab m9ims ,frangipanni4-- ,i4--,gra9 musk #aj gra9s ,s&al otto #be m9ims ,rose otto #be m9ims ,orange fl[] otto 7n]oli7 #cj m9ims ,vetiv]t otto #e m9ims ,p[d]$ orris rhizome #a_/b ounce ,vanilla #cj gra9s ,alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 #aj fluid\nces ,mix & dige/ = #a mon?4 ,?is is a la/+ & favorite p]fume4 ,,ii4--,oil ( rose #b dra*ms ,oil ( n]oli #b dra*ms ,oil ( s&alwood #b dra*ms ,oil ( g]anium 7,fr5*7 #b dra*ms ,t9cture ( vetiv]t 7#a #a_/d to #h7 #if ounces ,t9cture ( ,tonka 7#a to #h7 #af ounces ,t9cture ( orris 7#a to #d7 #fd ounces ,glyc]9e #f ounces ,alcohol #fd ounces ,h&k]*ief ,p]fumes4-- ,i4--,lav5d] oil #aj p>ts ,n]oli oil #aj p>ts ,bitt] almond oil #b p>ts ,orris root #bjj p>ts ,rose oil #e p>ts ,clove oil #e p>ts ,lemon oil #a "p ,c9namon oil #b p>ts ,mix ) #b1ejj p>ts ( be/ alcohol1 & aft] a re/ ( #c days heat mod]ately on ! wat] ba?1 & filt]4 ,,ii4--,b]gamot oil #aj p>ts ,orange peel oil #aj p>ts ,c9namon oil #b p>ts ,rose g]anium oil #a "p ,lemon oil #d p>ts ,lav5d] oil #d p>ts ,rose oil #a "p ,vanilla ess5ce #e p>ts ,mix ) #b1jjj p>ts ( be/ _s1 & aft] leav+ undi/urb$ = #c days1 heat mod]ately on ! wat] ba?1 & filt]4 ,honeysuckle4-- ,oil ( n]oli #ab m9ims ,oil ( rose #aj m9ims ,oil ( bitt] almond #h m9ims ,t9cture ( /orax #d ounces ,t9cture ( vanilla #f ounces ,ess5ce ( cassie #af ounces ,ess5ce ( rose #af ounces ,ess5ce ( tub]ose #af ounces ,ess5ce ( violet #af ounces ,iridia4-- ,c\m>9 #aj gra9s ,conc5trat$ rose wat] 7#a to #dj7 #b ounces ,n]oli oil #e m9ims ,vanilla bean #a dra*m ,bitt] almond oil #e m9ims ,orris root #a dra*m ,alcohol #aj ounces ,mac]ate = a mon?4 #eag ,javanese ,b\quet4-- ,rose oil #ae m9ims ,pim5to oil #bj m9ims ,cassia oil #c m9ims ,n]oli oil #c m9ims ,clove oil #b m9ims ,lav5d] oil #fj m9ims ,s&alwood oil #aj m9ims ,alcohol #aj ounces ,wat] #a #a_/b ounces ,mac]ate = #ad days4 ,lily ,p]fume4-- ,ess5ce ( jasm9e #a ounce ,ess5ce ( orange fl[]s #a ounce ,ess5ce ( rose #b ounces ,ess5ce ( cassie #b ounces ,ess5ce ( tub]ose #h ounces ,_s ( rose #a ounce ,t9cture ( vanilla #a ounce ,oil ( bitt] almond #b m9ims ,lily ( ! ,valley4-- ,i4--,acacia ess5ce #gej p>ts ,jasm9e ess5ce #gej p>ts ,orange fl[] ess5ce #hjj p>ts ,rose fl[] ess5ce #hjj p>ts ,vanilla fl[] ess5ce #a1ejj p>ts ,bitt] almond oil #ae p>ts ,,ii4--,oil ( bitt] almond #aj m9ims ,t9cture ( vanilla #b ounces ,ess5ce ( rose #b ounces ,ess5ce ( orange fl[] #b ounces ,ess5ce ( jasm9e #b #a_/b ounces ,ess5ce ( tub]ose #b #a_/b ounces ,_s ( rose #b #a_/b ounces ,,iii4--,extract rose #bjj p>ts ,extract vanilla #bjj p>ts ,extract orange #hjj p>ts ,extract jasm9e #fjj p>ts ,extract musk t9cture #aej p>ts ,n]oli oil #aj p>ts ,rose oil #f p>ts ,bitt] almond oil #d p>ts ,cassia oil #e p>ts ,b]gamot oil #f p>ts ,tonka beans ess5ce #aej p>ts ,l9aloa oil #ab p>ts ,_s ( w9e 7#ij p] c5t7 #c1jjj p>ts ,,iv4--,n]oli extract #djj p>ts ,orris root extract #fjj p>ts ,vanilla extract #djj p>ts ,rose extract #ijj p>ts ,musk extract #bjj p>ts ,orange extract #ejj p>ts ,clove oil #f p>ts ,b]gamot oil #e p>ts ,rose g]anium oil #ae p>ts ,m>*al ,niel ,rose4--,9 ! g5us ( roses1 outside ( ! hundr$-leav$ or cabbage rose1 ! ,m>*al ,niel rose 7,rosa ,noisetteana ,r$71 also call$ ,noisette rose & (t51 errone\sly1 tea rose1 is especially conspicu\s4 ,its f9e1 piquant odor delights all lov]s ( preci\s p]fumes4 ,9 ord] to reproduce ! f9e sc5t ( ?is fl[] artificially at p]iods :5 x _c be _h )\t mu* exp5diture1 ! foll[+ recipes w be f\nd useful3 ,i4--,infusion rose ,i 7f pomades7 #a1jjj p>ts ,g5u9e rose oil #aj p>ts ,infusion ,tolu balsam #aej p>ts ,infusion g5u9e musk ,i #dj p>ts ,n]oli oil #cj p>ts ,clove oil #b p>ts ,infusion tub]euse ,i 7f pomades7 #a1jjj p>ts ,vanill9 #a "p ,c\m>9 #j4e p>ts ,,ii4--,triple rose ess5ce #ej grams ,simple rose ess5ce #fj grams ,n]oli ess5ce #cj grams ,civet ess5ce #bj grams ,iris ess5ce #cj grams ,tonka beans ess5ce #bj grams ,rose oil #e drops ,jasm9e ess5ce #fj grams ,violet ess5ce #ej grams ,cassia ess5ce #ej grams ,vanilla ess5ce #de grams ,clove oil #bj drops ,b]gamot oil #aj drops ,rose g]anium oil #bj drops ,may ,fl[]s4-- ,ess5ce ( rose #aj ounces ,ess5ce ( jasm9e #aj ounces ,ess5ce ( orange fl[]s #aj ounces ,ess5ce ( cassie #aj ounces ,t9cture ( vanilla #bj ounces ,oil ( bitt] almond #a_/b dra*m ,n>cissus4-- ,c>yophyll9 #aj m9ims ,extract ( tub]ose #af ounces ,extract ( jasm9e #d ounces ,oil ( n]oli #bj m9ims ,oil ( ylang-ylang #bj m9ims ,oil ( clove #e m9ims ,glyc]9e #cj m9ims #eah ,almond ,blossom4-- ,extract ( heliotrope #cj p>ts ,extract ( orange fl[] #aj p>ts ,extract ( jasm9e #aj p>ts ,extract ( rose #c p>ts ,oil ( lemon #a "p ,_s ( bitt] almond1 #aj p] c5t #f p>ts ,deodoriz$ alcohol #dj p>ts ,artificial ,violet4--,ionone is an artificial p]fume :i* smells exactly l fre% violets1 & is !re=e an extremely important product4 ,al?\gh be=e x 0 discov]$ compositions 7 kn[n :i* gave fair imitations ( ! violet p]fume1 !y 7 want+ 9 ! *>act]i/ic tang :i* di/+ui%es all violet prep>ations4 ,ionone has ev5 ! curi\s prop]ty possess$ by violets ( los+ its sc5t occasionally = a %ort "t4 ,x occasionally happ5s t an obs]v]1 on tak+ ! /opp] out ( a bottle ( ionone1 p]ceives no special odor1 b a few seconds aft] ! /opp] has be5 put back 9 ! bottle1 ! :ole room beg9s to smell ( fre% violets4 ,x seems to be a "q ( dilution4 ,x is impossible1 h[ev]1 to make a usable extract by m]e dilution ( a #aj p] c5t solution ( ionone4 ,x is advisable to make ^! prep>ations 9 some:at l>ge quantities1 say #cj to #ej p\nds at a "t4 ,?is enables !m to be /ock$ = "s "t1 :]eby !y improve greatly4 ,:5 all ! +r$i5ts are mix$1 #aj days or a =tnight1 ) frequ5t %ak+s1 %\ld elapse be=e filtration4 ,! filt]$ product mu/ be kept 9 well-fill$ & well-cork$ bottles 9 a dry1 d>k1 cool place1 su* z a well-v5tilat$ cell>4 ,aft] #e or #f weeks ! prep>ation is ready = use4 ,quadruple ,extract4-- ,by weight ,jasm9e extract1 #a/ pomade #ajj p>ts ,rose extract1 #a/ pomade #ajj p>ts ,cassia extract1 #a/ pomade #bjj p>ts ,violet extract1 #a/ pomade #bjj p>ts ,oil ( g]anium1 ,spani% #b p>ts ,solution ( vanill91 #aj p] c5t #aj p>ts ,solution ( orris1 #aj p] c5t #ajj p>ts ,solution ( ionone1 #aj p] c5t #bj p>ts ,infusion ( musk #aj p>ts ,infusion ( orris f co>sely gr\nd root #bfj p>ts ,triple ,extract4-- ,by weight ,cassia extract1 #b;d pomade #ajj p>ts ,violet extract1 #b;d pomade #cjj p>ts ,jasm9e extract1 #b;d pomade #ajj p>ts ,rose extract1 #b;d pomade #ajj p>ts ,oil ( g]anium1 ,african #a "p ,ionone1 #aj p] c5t #ae p>ts ,solution ( vanill91 #aj p] c5t #e p>ts ,infusion ( orris f co>se gr\nd root #bgj p>ts ,infusion ( musk #aj p>ts ,d\ble ,extract4-- ,by weight ,cassia extract1 #b;d pomade #ajj p>ts ,violet extract1 #b;d pomade #aej p>ts ,jasm9e extract1 #b;d pomade #ajj p>ts ,rose extract1 #b;d pomade #ajj p>ts ,oil ( g]anium1 reunion #b p>ts ,ionone1 #aj p] c5t #aj p>ts ,solution ( vanill91 #aj p] c5t #aj p>ts ,infusion ( ambrette #bj p>ts ,infusion ( orris f co>se gr\nd root #cjj p>ts ,_s #baj p>ts ,:ite ,rose4-- ,rose oil #be m9ims ,rose g]anium oil #bj m9ims ,pat*\li oil #e m9ims ,ionone #c m9ims ,jasm9e oil 7syn!tic7 #e m9ims ,alcohol #aj ounces ,ylang-,ylang ,p]fume4-- ,i4--,ylang-ylang oil #aj m9ims ,n]oli oil #e m9ims ,rose oil #e m9ims ,b]gamot oil #c m9ims ,alcohol #aj ounces ,"o gra9 ( musk may be add$4 ,,ii4--,extract ( cassie 7#b;d7 #if ounces ,extract ( jasm9e 7#b;d7 #bd ounces #eai ,extract ( rose #bd ounces ,t9cture ( orris #d ounces ,oil ( ylang-ylang #f dra*ms ,glyc]9e #f ounces ,,toilet ,,wat]s4 ,toilet wat]s prop] are p]fum$ liquids design$ m especially z refre%+ applications to ! p]son--accessories to ! ba? & to ! op]ations ( ! b>b]4 ,!y are us$ sp>+ly on ! h&k]*ief also1 b %\ld n be ( s p]si/5t a "* z ! 8extracts0 commonly us$ = t purpose1 z !y w\ld !n be unsuitable z lotions4 ,ammonia ,wat]4--,fill a #f-ounce gr\nd glass /opp]$ bottle ) a r wide m\? ) pieces ( ammonium c>bonate z l>ge z a m>ble1 !n drop 9 ! foll[+ ess5tial oils3 ,oil ( lav5d] #cj drops ,oil ( b]gamot #cj drops ,oil ( rose #aj drops ,oil ( c9namon #aj drops ,oil ( clove #aj drops ,f9ally fill ! bottle ) /rong] wat] ( ammonia1 put 9 ! /opp] & let /& ov]night4 ,bir*-,bud ,wat]4--,alcohol 7#if p] c5t71 #cej p>ts2 wat]1 #gj p>ts2 s(t soap1 #bj p>ts2 glyc]9e1 #ae p>ts2 ess5tial oil ( bir* buds1 #e p>ts2 ess5ce ( spr+ fl[]s1 #aj p>ts2 *lorophyll1 quantity suffici5t to t9t4 ,mix ! wat] ) an equal volume ( _s & dissolve ! soap 9 ! mixture4 ,mix ! oil & o!r +r$i5ts ) ! rema9d] ( ! _s1 add ! soap solution gradually1 agitate well1 all[ to /& = #h days & filt]4 ,= use1 dilute ) an equal volume ( wat]4 ,c>melite ,balm ,wat]4-- ,melissa oil #cj m9ims ,sweet m>joram oil #c m9ims ,c9namon oil #aj m9ims ,angelica oil #c m9ims ,citron oil #cj m9ims ,clove oil #ae m9ims ,cori&] oil #e m9ims ,nutmeg oil #e m9ims ,alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 #aj fluid\nces ,angelica oil is obta9$ pr9cipally f ! aromatic root ( ,angelica ar*angelica1 ,l4 7,n4 ,o4 ,umbellif]71 :i* is commonly cultivat$ = ! sake ( ! volatile oil :i* x yields4 ,cypress ,wat]4-- ,ess5ce ( amb]gris #a_/b ounce ,spirits ( w9e #a gallon ,wat] #b qu>ts ,di/ill a gallon4 ,eau de ,botot4-- ,anise$ #hj p>ts ,clov] #bj p>ts ,c9namon cassia #bj p>ts ,co*9eal #e p>ts ,ref9$ _s #hjj p>ts ,rose wat] #bjj p>ts ,dige/ = #h days & add ,t9cture ( amb]gris #a "p ,pepp]m9t oil #aj p>ts ,eau de ,lais4-- ,eau de cologne #a "p ,jasm9e extract #j4e p>ts ,lemon ess5ce #j4e p>ts ,balm wat] #j4e p>ts ,vetiv] ess5ce #j4e p>ts ,triple rose wat] #j4e p>ts ,eau de ,m]veilleuse4-- ,alcohol #c qu>ts ,orange fl[] wat] #d qu>ts ,p]u balsam #b ounces ,clove oil #d ounces ,civet #a #a_/d ounces ,rose g]anium oil #a_/b ounce ,rose oil #d dra*ms ,n]oli oil #d dra*ms ,edelweiss4-- ,b]gamot oil #aj grams ,t9cture ( amb]gris #b grams ,t9cture ( vetiv] 7#a 9 #aj7 #be grams ,heliotrop9 #e grams ,rose oil _s 7#a 9 #ajj7 #be grams ,t9cture ( musk #e drops ,t9cture ( angelica #ab drops ,n]oli oil1 artificial #aj drops ,hyac9?1 artificial #ae drops ,jasm9e1 artificial #a gram ,_s ( w9e1 #hj p] c5t #a1jjj grams ,honey ,wat]4-- ,i4--,be/ honey #a p\nd ,cori&] se$ #a p\nd ,cloves #a #a_/b ounces ,nutmegs #a ounce ,gum b5jam9 #a ounce ,vanilloes1 ,no4 #d #a dra*m ,! yell[ r9d ( #c l>ge lemons4 #ebj ,bruise ! cloves1 nutmegs1 cori&] se$1 & b5jam91 cut ! vanilloes 9 pieces1 & put all into a glass alembic ) #a gallon ( clean rectifi$ _s1 &1 aft] dige/+ #dh h\rs1 draw (f ! _s by di/illation4 ,to #a gallon ( ! di/ill$ _s add ,damask rose wat] #a #a_/b p\nds ,orange fl[] wat] #a #a_/b p\nds ,musk #e gra9s ,amb]gris #e gra9s ,gr9d ! musk & amb]gris 9 a glass mort>1 & aft]w>ds put all toge!r into a dige/+ vessel1 & let !m circulate #c days & #c nights 9 a g5tle heat2 !n let all cool4 ,filt]1 & keep ! wat] 9 bottles well /opp]$4 ,,ii4--,oil ( cloves #b #a_/b dra*ms ,oil ( b]gamot #aj dra*ms ,engli% oil ( lav5d] #b #a_/b dra*ms ,musk #d gra9s ,yell[ s&alwood #b #a_/b dra*ms ,rectifi$ _s #cb ounces ,rose wat] #h ounces ,orange fl[] wat] #h ounces ,engli% honey #b ounces ,mac]ate ! musk & s&alwood 9 ! _s #g days1 filt]1 dissolve ! oils 9 ! filtrate1 add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 %ake well1 & d s occasionally1 keep+ z long z possible be=e filt]+4 ,lilac ,wat]4-- ,t]p9eol #b dra*ms ,heliotrop9 #h gra9s ,b]gamot oil #a dra*m ,n]oli oil #h m9ims ,alcohol #ab ounces ,wat] #d ounces ,orange ,fl[] ,wat]4-- ,orange fl[] ess5ce #h ounces ,magnesium c>bonate #a ounce ,wat] #h p9ts ,triturate ! ess5ce ) ! magnesium c>bonate1 add ! wat]1 & filt]4 ,to ,cl>ify ,turbid ,orange ,fl[] ,wat]4--,%ake #a qu>t ( x ) #a_/d p\nd ( s& :i* has previ\sly be5 boil$ out ) hydro*loric acid1 wa%$ ) wat]1 & dri$ at r$ heat4 ,?is process d\btless w\ld prove valuable = _m o!r purposes4 ,violet ,wat]s4-- ,i4--,_s ( ionone1 #aj p] c5t #a_/b dra*m ,di/ill$ wat] #e ounces ,orange fl[] wat] #a ounce ,rose wat] #a ounce ,cologne _s #h ounces ,add ! _s ( ionone to ! alcohol & !n add ! wat]s4 ,let /& & filt]4 ,,ii4--,violet extract #b ounces ,cassie extract #a ounce ,_s ( rose #a_/b ounce ,t9cture ( orris #a_/b ounce ,gre5 color+1 a suffici5cy4 ,alcohol to #bj ounces4 ,,p]fum$ ,,pa/illes4 ,^! sc5t tablets consi/ ( a compress$ mixture ( rice />*1 magnesium c>bonate1 & p[d]$ orris root1 saturat$ ) heliotrope1 violet1 or lilac p]fume4 ,violet4-- ,ionone #ej p>ts ,ylang-ylang oil #ej p>ts ,t9cture ( musk1 extra /rong #bjj p>ts ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #bjj p>ts ,heliotrope4-- ,heliotrop9 #bjj p>ts ,vanill9 #ej p>ts ,t9cture ( musk #ajj p>ts ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #bjj p>ts ,lilac4-- ,t]p9eol #bjj p>ts ,muguet #bjj p>ts ,t9cture ( musk #bjj p>ts ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #bjj p>ts ,s&alwood #b dra*ms ,vetiv]t #b dra*ms ,lav5d] fl[]s #d dra*ms ,oil ( ?yme #a_/b dra*m ,*>coal #b ounces ,potassium nitrate #a_/b ounce ,mucilage ( tragacan?1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,p]fumes = ,hair ,oils4-- ,i4--,heliotrop9 #h gra9s ,c\m>9 #a gra9 ,oil ( orris #a drop ,oil ( rose #ae m9ims ,oil ( b]gamot #cj m9ims ,,ii4--,c\m>9 #b gra9s ,oil ( cloves #d drops ,oil ( cassia #d drops ,oil ( lav5d] fl[]s #ae m9ims ,oil ( lemon #de m9ims ,oil ( b]gamot #ge m9ims ,soap ,p]fumes4-- ,see also ,soap4 ,i4--,oil ( lav5d] #a_/b ounce ,oil ( cassia #cj m9ims ,add #e p\nds ( soap /ock4 #eba #a #a_/b dra*ms ( ea*3 ,,ii4--,oil ( c>away ,oil ( clove ,oil ( :ite ?yme ,oil ( cassia ,oil ( orange leaf 7n]oli petit gra97 ,oil ( lav5d] ,add to #e p\nds ( soap /ock4 ,,p]fumes 7,,fumigants73 ,see ,fumigants4 ,,p]spiration ,,rem$y3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,petroleum 7,see also ,oils47 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,emulsions ( ,crude ,petroleum4--,k]os5e has long be5 recogniz$ z a mo/ effici5t insecticide1 b its irritat+ action1 z well z ! v consid]able co/ involv$1 has prev5t$ ! use ( ! pure oil z a local application 9 ! v>i\s p>asitic sk9 diseases ( animals4 ,9 ord] to ov]come ^! objections v>i\s exp$i5ts h be5 resort$ to1 all ( :i* h = _! object ! dilution or emulsification ( ! k]os5e4 ,probably ! be/ kn[n & mo/ g5]ally employ$ me?od = accompli%+ ?is result is t :i* is bas$ ^u ! use ( soap z an emulsify+ ag5t4 ,! =mula :i* is us$ almo/ univ]sally = mak+ ! k]os5e soap emulsion is z foll[s3 ,k]os5e #b gallons ,wat] #a gallon ,h>d soap #a_/b p\nd ,! soap is dissolv$ 9 ! wat] ) ! aid ( heat1 & :ile ?is solution is /ill hot ! k]os5e is add$ & ! :ole agitat$ vigor\sly4 ,! smoo? :ite mixture :i* is obta9$ 9 ?is way is dilut$ be=e use ) suffici5t wat] to make a total volume ( #bj gallons1 & is usually appli$ to ! sk9 ( animals or to trees or o!r plants by means ( a spray pump4 ,?is me?od ( application is us$ because ! dilut$ emulsion sep>ates q rapidly1 & "s me*anical device1 su* z a self-mix+ spray pump1 is requir$ to keep ! oil 9 susp5sion4 ,x w be readily und]/ood t ?is emulsion w\ld n be well adapt$ ei!r = use z a dip or = application by h&1 = 9 ! "o case ! oil1 :i* rapidly rises to ! surface1 w\ld adh]e to ! animals :5 !y em]g$ f ! dipp+ tank & ! irritat+ effect w\ld be sc>cely less ?an t produc$ by ! pla9 oil1 & 9 ! second case ! same sep>ation ( ! k]os5e w\ld take place & necess>ily result 9 an unev5 di/ribution ( ! oil on ! bodies ( ! animals :i* 7 be+ treat$4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s x has be5 f\nd t a c]ta9 crude petroleum f ! ,beaumont oil fields is q effective = de/roy+ ! ,texas fev] cattle ticks4 ,?is crude petroleum conta9s f #dj to #ej p] c5t ( oils boil+ bel[ #cjj ,c4 7#egb ,f471 & f #a to #a4e p] c5t ( sulphur4 ,aft] a numb] ( trials ( diff]5t comb9ations ( crude oil1 soap1 & wat]1 ! foll[+ =mula 0 decid$ ^u z ! "o be/ suit$ to ! uses 9 view3 ,crude petroleum #b gallons ,wat] #a_/b gallon ,h>d soap #a_/b p\nd ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat] ) ! aid ( heat2 to ?is solution add ! crude petroleum1 mix ) a spray pump or %ake vigor\sly1 & dilute ) ! desir$ am\nt ( wat]4 ,s(t wat] %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be us$4 ,v>i\s =ms ( h>d & s(t soaps h be5 tri$1 b soap ) an am\nt ( free alkali equival5t to #j4i p] c5t ( sodium hydroxide gives ! be/ emulsion4 ,all ! ord9>y laundry soaps are q satisfactory1 b toilet soaps 9 ! ma9 are n suitable4 ,an emulsion ( crude petroleum made accord+ to ?is modifi$ =mula rema9s fluid & c be easily p\r$2 x w /& indef9itely )\t any t5d5cy t[>d a sep>ation ( ! oil & wat] & c be dilut$ 9 any proportion ) cold s(t wat]4 ,aft] suffici5t dilution to produce a #aj p] c5t emulsion1 a numb] ( h\rs are requir$ = all ! oil to rise to ! surface1 b if ! mixture is agitat$ occasionally1 no sep>ation takes place4 ,aft] long /&+ ! oil sep>ates 9 ! =m ( a creamlike lay] :i* is easily mix$ ) ! wat] aga9 by /irr+4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t = produc+ an emulsion :i* w hold ! oil 9 susp5sion aft] dilution1 ! modifi$ =mula meets ! desir$ requirem5ts4 ,9 prep>+ ?is emulsion = use 9 ! field1 a l>ge spray pump capable ( mix+ #be gallons may be us$ ) p]fect success4 ,9 us+ ! =mula h]e) giv51 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t x is recomm5d$ especially = ! crude #ebb petroleum obta9$ f ! ,beaumont oil fields1 ! composition ( :i* has already be5 giv54 ,z crude petroleums f diff]5t s\rces v>y greatly 9 _! composition1 x is impracticable to give a =mula t c be us$ ) all crude oils4 ,nev]!less1 crude petroleum f o!r s\rces ?an ! ,beaumont wells may be emulsifi$ by modify+ ! =mula giv5 above4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e :at modification ( ?is =mula is necess>y = ! emulsification ( a giv5 oil1 ! foll[+ me?od may be us$3 ,dissolve #a_/b p\nd ( soap 9 #a_/b gallon ( hot wat]2 to #a measure ( ?is soap solution add #d measures ( ! crude petroleum to be te/$ & %ake well 9 a /opp]$ bottle or flask = sev]al m9utes4 ,if1 aft] dilution1 !re is a sep>ation ( a lay] ( pure oil )9 half an h\r ! emulsion is imp]fect1 & a modification ( ! =mula w be requir$4 ,to accompli% ?is ! proportion ( oil %\ld be v>i$ until a good result is obta9$4 ,petroleum = ,sp9n+4--,9 ord] to be able to wa% out ! petroleum or r5d] x 8saponifiable10 ! foll[+ process is recomm5d$3 ,heat ! m9]al oil ) #e to #aj p] c5t ( ole91 add ! prop] am\nt ( alcoholic lye & cont9ue heat+ until ! solv5t 7wat] alcohol7 evaporates4 ,a practical way is to introduce an aque\s lye at #bcj ,f4 9 small portions & to heat until ! fro? disappe>s4 ,= cle>ness x is necess>y m]ely to evaporate all ! wat]4 ,9 ! same mann]1 m ole9 may be add$ z desir$ if ! admixture ( lye is kept d[n s t n too mu* soap is =m$ or ! petroleum becomes too ?ick4 ,aft] cool+1 a uni=m gelat9\s mass results4 ,?is is liquefi$ me*anically1 dur+ or aft] ! cool+1 by pass+ x ?r\gh f9e sieves4 ,soap is s f9ely & intimately di/ribut$ 9 ! petroleum t ! f9e/ p>ticles ( oil are isolat$ by soap1 z x 74 ,:5 a quantity ( oil is intimately /irr$ into ! wat] an emulsion results s t ! diff]5t p>ts _c be di/+ui%$4 ,! same process takes place 9 wa%+1 ! soap conta9$ 9 ! oil swell+ betwe5 ! fib]s & ! oil p>ticles ^u mixture ) wat]1 isolat+ ! oil & lift+ x f ! fib]4 ,deodoriz$ ,petroleum4--,petroleum may be deodoriz$ by %ak+ x fir/ ) #ajj p>ts ( *lor9at$ lime = e #d1ejj p>ts1 add+ a little hydro*loric acid1 !n transf]r+ ! liquid to a vessel conta9+ lime1 & aga9 %ak+ until all ! *lor9e is remov$4 ,aft] /&+1 ! petroleum is decant$4 ,petroleum ,briquettes4--,mix ) #a1jjj p>ts ( petroleum oil #aej p>ts ( gr\nd soap1 #aej p>ts ( ros91 & #cjj p>ts ( cau/ic soda lye4 ,heat ?is mixture :ile /irr+4 ,:5 solidification comm5ces1 :i* w be 9 ab\t #dj m9utes1 ! op]ation mu/ be wat*$4 ,if ! mixture t5ds to ov]fl[1 p\r into ! receiv] a few drops ( soda1 & cont9ue to /ir until ! solidification is complete4 ,:5 ! op]ation is end$1 fl[ ! matt] into molds = mak+ ! briquettes1 & place !m = #aj or #ae m9utes 9 a /ove2 !n !y may be all[$ to cool4 ,! briquettes c be employ$ a few h\rs aft] !y are made4 ,to ! ?ree elem5ts con/itut+ ! mixture x is useful to add p] #a1jjj p>ts by weight ( ! briquettes to be obta9$1 #abj p>ts ( sawdu/ & #abj p>ts ( clay or s&1 to r5d] ! briquettes m solid4 ,exp]im5ts 9 ! heat+ ( ^! briquettes h demon/rat$ t !y w furni% ?ree times z mu* heat z briquettes ( ord9>y *>coal1 )\t leav+ any residue4 ,,petroleum ,,emulsion3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,petroleum ,,jellies3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,petroleum ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,pewt]3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,pewt]1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,pewt]1 ,,age+3 ,if x is desir$ to imp>t to mod]n articles ( pewt] ! appe>ance ( antique objects1 plunge ! pieces = sev]al mom5ts into a solution ( alum to :i* sev]al drops ( hydro*loric or sulphuric acid h be5 add$4 ,,pictures1 ,,gl[4 ,^! c be easily produc$ by draw+ ! outl9es ( a picture1 writ+1 etc41 on a piece ( :ite pap] ) a solution ( #dj p>ts ( saltpet] & #bj p>ts ( gum arabic 9 #dj p>ts ( w>m wat]1 us+ a writ+ p5 = ?is purpose4 ,all ! l9es mu/ connect & "o ( !m #ebc mu/ run to ! edge ( ! pap]1 :]e x %\ld be m>k$ ) a f9e lead-p5cil l9e4 ,:5 a burn+ mat* is held to ?is spot1 ! l9e imm$iately gl[s on1 spread+ ov] ! :ole design1 & ! design =m]ly invisible f9ally appe>s entirely s+$4 ,?is little trick is n dang]\s4 ,,phosphate ,,sub/itute4 ,an artificial phosphate is ?us prep>$3 ,melt 9 an ov5 a mixture ( #ajj p>ts ( phosphorite1 gr\nd co>sely1 #gj p>ts ( acid sulphate ( soda2 #bj p>ts ( c>bonate ( lime2 #bb p>ts ( s&1 & #fjg p>ts ( *>coal4 ,run ! molt5 matt] into a receiv] fill$ ) wat]2 on cool+ x w become granul>4 ,rake out ! granul> mass f ! wat]1 & aft] dry+1 gr9d to a f9e p[d]4 ,! phosphate c be kept = a long "t )\t los+ its quality1 = x is nei!r cau/ic nor hygroscopic4 ,wagn] has1 9 collaboration ) ,dors*1 conduct$ f]tiliz+ exp]im5ts = det]m9+ its value1 z comp>$ ) sup]phosphate or ) ,?omas slag4 ,! phosphate decomposes m rapidly 9 ! soil ?an ,?omas slag1 & s f> z ! exp]im5ts h gone1 x appe>s t ! phosphoric acid ( ! new phosphate ex]cises almo/ z rapid an action z ! phosphoric acid ( ! sup]phosphate soluble 9 wat]4 ,,phosphoresc5t ,,mass4 ,see also ,lum9\s ,bodies & ,pa9ts4 ,mix #b p>ts ( dehydrat$ sodium c>bonate1 #j4e p>ts ( sodium *loride1 & #j4b p>ts ( manganic sulphate ) #ajj p>ts ( /rontium c>bonate & #cj p>ts ( sulphur & heat #c h\rs to a :ite heat ) exclusion ( air4 ,,phosphor ,,bronze3 ,see ,alloys1 "u ,bronzes4 ,,phosphorus ,,sub/itute4 ,g4 ,grav]i recomm5ds p]sulfocyanic acid ,h#b7;,,cn7#b,s#c z meet+ all ! requirem5ts ( phosphorus on mat*es4 ,x resi/s %ock & friction1 x is readily friable1 & w mix ) o!r sub/ances2 moreov]1 x is non-poison\s & *eap] ?an phosphorus4 ,photography ,,develop]s ,,& ,,develop+ ,,( ,,plates4 ,no light is p]fectly safe or non-act9ic1 ev5 t com+ ?r\gh a comb9$ ruby & orange w9d[ or lamp4 ,!re=e use great c>e 9 develop+4 ,a light may be te/$ ?is way3 ,place a dry plate 9 ! plate hold] 9 total d>kness1 draw ! slide suffici5tly to expose "o-half ( ! plate1 & all[ ! light f ! w9d[ or lamp1 #ab to #ah in*es di/ant1 to fall on ?is expos$ half = #c or #d m9utes4 ,!n develop ! plate ! usual l5g? ( "t 9 total d>kness4 ,if ! light is safe1 !re w be no d>k5+ ( ! expos$ "p4 ,if n safe1 ! rem$y is obvi\s4 ,! develop+ room mu/ be a p]fectly d>k room1 save = ! light f a ruby- or orange-color$ w9d[ 7or comb9ation ( ^! two colors74 ,h pl5ty ( pure runn+ wat] & good v5tilation4 ,plates %\ld always be kept 9 a dry room4 ,! d>k room is seldom a safe place = /orage1 because x is apt to be damp4 ,v>i\s develop+ ag5ts give diff]5t results4 ,pyrogallic acid 9 comb9ation ) c>bonate ( sodium or c>bonate ( potassium gives /rong1 vigor\s negatives4 ,eikonog5 & metol yield s(t1 delicate negatives4 ,hydro*9on add$ to eikonog5 or metol produces m contra/ or great] /r5g?4 ,x is ess5tial to h a bottle ( bromide ( potassium solution1 #aj p] c5t1 9 ! d>k room4 7,"o ounce ( bromide ( potassium1 wat] to #aj ounces47 ,ov]tim$ plates may be mu* improv$ by add+ a few drops ( bromide solution to ! develop] z soon z ! ov]tim$ condition is app>5t 7a plate is ov]tim$ :5 ! image appe>s almo/ imm$iately1 & !n black5s all ov]74 ,und]tim$ plates %\ld be tak5 out ( ! develop] & plac$ 9 a tray ( wat] :]e no light c rea* !m4 ,if ! detail 9 ! %ad[s beg9s to appe> aft] half an h\r or s1 ! plate c be replac$ 9 ! develop] & developm5t br\ght to a f9i%4 ,quick developm5t1 ) /rong solutions1 means a lack ( gradation or half-tones4 ,a develop] too w>m or conta9+ too mu* alkali 7c>bonate ( sodium or potassium7 w yield flat1 foggy negatives4 ,a develop] too cold is ret>d$ 9 its action1 & causes ?9 negatives4 ,uni=m temp]ature is necess>y = uni=m results4 ,if developm5t is cont9u$ too long1 ! negative w be too d5se4 ,9 w>m wea!r1 ! develop] %\ld be dilut$2 9 cold wea!r1 x %\ld be /rong]4 #ebd ,! negative %\ld n be expos$ to :ite light until fixation is complete4 ,! negative %\ld be left fully #e m9utes long] 9 ! fix+ ba? ?an is necess>y to dissolve out ! :ite bromide ( silv]4 ,9 hot wea!r a *rome alum fix+ ba? %\ld be us$ to prev5t frill+4 ,always use a fre% hypo or fix+ ba?4 ,hypo is *eap4 ,plates & plate hold]s mu/ be kept free f du/1 or p9holes w result4 ,aft] ! negative is fix$1 an h\r's wa%+ is none too mu*4 ,! plate %\ld be dri$ quickly 9 w>m wea!r else ! film w become d5se & co>se-gra9$4 ,d n expect clean1 faultless negatives to come out ( dirty develop+ & fix+ solutions & trays4 ,pyro & ,soda ,develop]4-- ,i4--,pure wat] #cj ounces ,sulphite soda1 cry/als #e ounces ,c>bonate soda1 cry/als #b #a_/b ounces ,,ii4--,pure wat] #bd ounces ,oxalic acid #ae gra9s ,pyrogallic acid #a ounce ,to develop1 take ( ,solution ,no4 ,i4 #a ounce ,solution ,no4 ,,ii4 #a_/b ounce ,pure wat] #c ounces ,m wat] may be us$ 9 w>m wea!r & less 9 cool wea!r4 ,if solution ,no4 ,i is made by hydromet] te/1 use equal p>ts ( ! foll[+3 ,sulphite soda te/+1 #hj4 ,c>bonate soda te/+1 #dj4 ,"o ounce ( ?is mixture w be equival5t to #a ounce ( solution ,no4 ,i4 ,pyro & ,potassium ,develop]4-- ,i4--,pure wat] #cb ounces ,sulphite soda1 cry/als #h ounces ,c>bonate potassium1 dry #a ounce ,,ii4--,pure wat] #bd ounces ,oxalic acid #ae ounces ,pyrogallic acid #a ounce ,to develop1 take ( ,solution ,no4 ,i4 #a ounce ,solution ,no4 ,,ii4 #a_/b ounce ,pure wat] #c ounces ,:5 ! plate is fully develop$1 if ! lights are too ?91 use less wat] 9 ! develop]2 if too d5se1 use m wat]4 ,pyro & ,metol ,develop]4--,good = %ort exposures3 ,i4--,pure wat] #eg ounces ,sulphite soda1 cry/als #b #a_/b ounces ,metol #a ounce ,,ii4--,pure wat] #eg ounces ,sulphite soda1 cry/als #b #a_/b ounces ,pyrogallic acid #a_/d ounce ,,iii4--,pure wat] #eg ounces ,c>bonate potassium #b #a_/b ounces ,to develop1 take ( ,pure wat] #c ounces ,solution ,no4 ,i4 #a ounce ,solution ,no4 ,,ii4 #a ounce ,solution ,no4 ,,iii4 #a ounce ,?is develop] may be us$ repeat$ly by add+ a little fre% develop] z requir$4 ,keep ! us$ develop] 9 a sep>ate bottle4 ,rod9al ,develop]4--,"o "p rod9al to #cj p>ts pure wat]4 ,use repeat$ly1 add+ fre% z requir$4 ,bromo-,hydro*9on ,develop]4--,= produc+ great contra/ & int5sity1 also = develop+ ov]-expos$ plates4 ,i4--,di/ill$ or ice wat] #be ounces ,sulphite ( soda1 cry/als #c ounces ,hydro*9on #a_/b ounce ,bromide ( potassium #a_/d ounce ,dissolve by w>m+1 & let cool be=e use4 ,,ii4--,wat] #be ounces ,c>bonate ( soda1 cry/als #f ounces ,mix ,nos4 ,i & ,,ii1 equal p>ts1 = use4 ,eikonog5 ,hydro*9on ,develop]4-- ,i4--,di/ill$ or pure well wat] #cb ounces ,sodium sulphite1 cry/als #d ounces ,eikonog5 #bdj gra9s ,hydro*9on #fj gra9s ,,ii4--,wat] #cb ounces ,c>bonate ( pota% #d ounces ,to develop1 take ,no4 ,i4 #b ounces ,no4 ,,ii4 #a ounce ,wat] #a ounce ,= d\ble-coat$ plates use #e ounces ( wat]4 #ebe ,by hydromet]3 ,i4--,sodium sulphite1 solution to te/ #cj #cd ounces ,eikonog5 #bdj gra9s ,hydro*9on #fj gra9s ,,ii4--,c>bonate ( pota% solution to te/ #ej ,to develop1 take ,no4 ,i4 #b ounces ,no4 ,,ii4 #a ounce ,wat] #a ounce ,= d\ble-coat$ plates use #e ounces ( wat]4 ,hydro*9on ,develop]4-- ,i4--,hydro*9on #a ounce ,sulphite ( soda1 cry/als #e ounces ,bromide ( potassium #aj gra9s ,wat] 7ice or di/ill$7 #ee ounces ,,ii4--,cau/ic pota% #ahj gra9s ,wat] #aj ounces ,to develop3 ,take ( ,i1 #d ounces2 ,,ii1 #a_/b ounce4 ,aft] use p\r into a sep>ate bottle4 ,?is c be us$ repeat$ly1 & ) uni=mity ( results1 by ! addition ( #a dra*m ( ,i & #aj drops ( ,,ii to e #h ounces ( old develop]4 ,9 us+ ?is develop] x is important to notice ! temp]ature ( ! room1 z a slight v>iation 9 ?is respect causes a v m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! "t x takes to develop1 mu* m s ?an ) pyro4 ,! temp]ature ( room %\ld be f #gj to #ge ,f4 ,metol ,develop]4-- ,i4--,wat] #h ounces ,metol #ajj gra9s ,sulphite ( soda1 cry/als #a ounce ,,ii4--,wat] #aj ounces ,potassium c>bonate #a ounce ,take equal p>ts ( ,i & ,,ii & #f p>ts ( wat]4 ,if m contra/ is ne$$1 take equal p>ts ( ,i & ,,ii & #c p>ts ( wat]1 ) #e drops to ! ounce ( a #a_/aj solution ( bromide ( potassium4 ,metol & ,hydro*9on ,develop]4-- ,i4--,pure hot wat] #hj ounces ,metol #a ounce ,hydro*9on #a_/h ounce ,sulphite soda1 cry/als #f ounces ,,ii4--,pure wat] #hj ounces ,c>bonate soda1 cry/als #e ounces ,to develop1 take ( ,pure wat] #b ounces ,solution ,no4 ,i #a ounce ,solution ,no4 ,,ii #a ounce ,metol-,bic>bonate ,develop]4--,?or\ghly dissolve ,metol #a ounce ,9 wat] #fj ounces ,!n add ,sulphite ( soda1 cry/als #f ounces ,bic>bonate ( soda #c ounces ,to prep>e ) hydromet]1 mix ,sulphite ( soda solution1 te/+ #ge #cj ounces ,bic>bonate ( soda solution1 te/+ #ej #cj ounces ,metol #a ounce ,dissolv$ 9 #ab ounces wat]4 ,f]r\s-,oxalate ,develop]4--,= transp>5cies & opals4 ,i4--,oxalate ( pota% #h ounces ,wat] #cj ounces ,citric acid #fj gra9s ,citrate ( ammonia solution #b ounces ,,ii4--,sulphate ( iron #d ounces ,wat] #cb ounces ,sulphuric acid #af drops ,,iii4--,citrate ( ammonia solution saturat$4 ,dissolve #a ounce citric acid 9 #e ounces di/ill$ wat]1 add liquor ammonia until a slip ( litmus pap] j loses ! r$ color1 !n add wat] to make ! :ole measure #h ounces4 ,add #a ounce ( ,,ii to #b ( ,i1 & #a_/b ounce ( wat]1 & #c to #f drops ( #aj p] c5t solution bromide potassium4 ,to develop1 fir/ r9se develop+ di% ) wat]1 lay film or plate d[n1 & fl[ ) suffici5t develop] to well cov]4 ,c>eful att5tion mu/ be giv5 to its action1 & :5 detail is j %[+ 9 ! face1 or half-tone lights 9 a view1 p\r (f develop]1 & well wa% ! film be=e plac+ 9 ! fix+ ba?4 ,tolidol ,develop]4--,/&>d =mula = dry plates & films3 ,wat] #af ounces ,tolidol #bd gra9s ,sodium sulphite #gb 7#add7 gra9s ,sodium c>bonate #if 7#bdj7 gra9s ,! figures 9 p>5!sis are = cry/als4 ,x w be se5 t 9 e case #ebf ! weight ( sulphite requir$ 9 cry/als is d\ble t ( dry sulphite1 :ile ! weight ( c>bonate cry/als is #b #a_/b times z mu* z dry c>bonate4 ,= tank developm5t ,dr4 ,john ,m4 ,nicol recomm5ds ! /&>d =mula dilut$ ) #f times ! am\nt ( wat]1 & ! addition ( #a drop ( ret>d] to e ounce aft] dilution4 ,to obta9 v /rong negatives3 ,wat] #af ounces ,tolidol #ej to #fe gra9s ,sodium sulphite #hj 7#afj7 gra9s ,sodium c>bonate #abj 7#cjj7 gra9s ,on "s br&s ( plates ! addition ( a little ret>d] w be necess>y4 ,if /ock solutions are pref]r$1 !y may be made z foll[s3 ,solution ,a ,wat] #cb ounces ,tolidol #a ounce ,sodium sulphite #a 7#b7 ounce ,solution ,b ,wat] #cb ounces ,sodium sulphite #b 7#d7 ounces ,solution ,c ,wat] #cb ounces ,sodium c>bonate #d 7#aj7 ounces ,if pref]r$1 /ock solutions ,b & ,c c be made by hydromet]1 in/ead ( by weight z above4 ,! solutions w !n %[3 ,solution ,b ,sodium sulphite #dj ,solution ,c ,sodium c>bonate #ge ,or if potassium c>bonate is pref]r$ in/ead ( sodium3 ,solution ,c ,potassium c>bonate #fj ,= /&>d =mula = dry plates & films1 mix ,solution ,a #a "p ,solution ,b #a "p ,solution ,c #a "p ,wat] #g p>ts ,= /rong negatives 7= ari/o-plat9o73 ,solution ,a #a #a_/b to #b p>ts ,solution ,b #a "p ,solution ,c #a "p ,wat] #d to #d #a_/b p>ts ,= tank developm5t3 ,solution ,a #a "p ,solution ,b #a "p ,solution ,c #a "p ,wat] #ce p>ts ,= develop+ pap]3 ,solution ,a #b p>ts ,solution ,b #b p>ts ,solution ,c #a "p ,! read+ ( ! hydromet] = /ock solutions is ! same :e!r dri$ *emicals or cry/als are us$4 ,no wat] is us$4 ,pyrocate*9-,phosphate ,develop]4-- ,solution ,a ,cry/alliz$ sulphite ( soda #chf gra9s ,pyrocate*9 #gg gra9s ,wat] #h ounces ,solution ,b ,ord9>y cry/al phosphate ( sodium #gbe gra9s ,cau/ic soda 7purifi$ 9 /icks7 #gg gra9s ,wat] #h ounces ,mix #a "p ( ,a ) #a "p ( ,b & f #a to #c p>ts ( wat]4 ,if ! exposure is n absolutely normal we recomm5d to add to ! above develop] a few drops ( a solution ( bromide ( potassium 7#a4aj74 ,pyrocate*9 ,develop] 7,"o ,solution74--,dissolve 9 ! foll[+ range3 ,sulphite ( soda cry/alliz$ #be #a_/b dra*ms ,cau/ic soda 7purifi$ 9 /icks7 #c #a_/b dra*ms ,di/ill$ wat] #ad ounces ,pyrocate*9 #cjh gra9s ,! pyrocate*9 mu/ n be add$ until ! sulphite & cau/ic soda are entirely dissolv$4 ,= use ! conc5trat$ develop] is to be dilut$ ) f #aj to #bj times z mu* wat]4 ,! normal proportion is #a "p ( develop] 9 #ae p>ts ( wat]4 ,vogel's ,pyrocate*9 ,comb9$ ,develop] & ,fix+ ,solution4-- ,sulphite ( soda cry/alliz$ #dfh gra9s ,wat] #b #e_/h ounces ,cau/ic pota% 7purifi$ 9 /icks7 #ajh gra9s ,pyrocate*9 #ajh gra9s ,mix = a =mally fix+ plate ( #e x #g in*es4 ,develop] #c dra*ms ,fix+ soda solution 7#a3e7 #e #a_/b dra*ms ,wat] #a ounce ,! process ( develop+ & fix+ ) ?is solution is accompli%$ 9 a #ebg few m9utes4 ,! picture fir/ appe>s usually1 /r5g!ns v quickly1 & %ortly aft] ! fix+ is entirely done4 ,ellon's ,pyrocate*9 ,develop]4--,pyrocate*91 #b p] c5t solution 7#b grams pyrocate*9 9 #ajj cubic c5timet]s ( wat]74 ,c>bonate ( potassium1 #aj p] c5t solution 7#aj grams c>bonate 9 #ajj cubic c5timet]s ( wat]74 ,= use take equal p>ts & add wat] z desir$4 ,imp]ial ,/&>d ,pyro ,develop]4-- ,i4--,metabisulphite ( potassium #abj gra9s ,pyrogallic acid #ee gra9s ,bromide ( potassium #bj gra9s ,metol #de gra9s ,wat] #bj ounces ,,ii4--,c>bonate ( soda #d ounces ,wat] #bj ounces ,= use mix equal p>ts ,i & ,,ii4 ,b>dwell's ,pyro-,acetone ,develop]4-- ,wat] #d ounces ,sulphite ( sodium 7saturat$ solution7 #d dra*ms ,acetone #b dra*ms ,pyro #aj grams ,hauff's ,adurol ,develop]4--,"o solution4 ,wat] #aj ounces ,sulphide ( sodium1 cry/als #d ounces ,c>bonate ( potassium #c ounces ,adurol #a_/b ounce ,= /udio "w & snap %ots take #a "p ) #c p>ts wat]4 ,= "t exposures out-door take #a "p ) #e p>ts wat]4 ,glyc9 ,develop]4-- ,i4--,hot wat] #aj ounces ,sulphite ( sodium1 cry/als #a #a_/d ounces ,c>bonate ( sodium #a_/d ounce ,glyc9 #a_/b ounce ,add to wat] 9 ord] giv5 ,,ii4--,wat] #aj ounces ,c>bonate ( pota% #a #a_/d ounces ,= normal exposure take ,i1 #a ounce2 ,,ii1 #b ounces2 wat]1 #a ounce4 ,imog5 ,develop]4-- ,i4--,hot wat] #i ounces ,sulphite ( sodium1 cry/als #che gra9s ,imog5 #abc gra9s ,,ii4--,hot wat] #d #a_/b ounces ,c>bonate ( sodium #b ounces ,= use take #b ounces ( ,i & #a ounce ( ,,ii4 ,diog5 ,develop]4-- ,wat] #i ounces ,sulphite ( sodium #c #a_/b ounces ,diog5 #g dra*ms ,c>bonate ( potassium #d #a_/b ounces ,= normal exposure take #d dra*ms ( ?is solution2 dilute ) #b ounces1 #a dra*m ( wat]1 & add #b drops bromide ( potassium1 #aj p] c5t solution4 ,ortol ,develop]4--,=mula by ,p5tl>ge4 ,i4--,wat] #a ounce ,metabisulphite ( potassium #d gra9s ,ortol #h gra9s ,,ii4--,wat] #a ounce ,sulphite ( sodium #dh gra9s ,c>bonate ( potassium #af gra9s ,c>bonate ( sodium #cb gra9s ,= use take equal p>ts ,i & ,,ii1 & an equal bulk ( wat]4 ,metac>bol ,develop]4-- ,metac>bol #be gra9s ,sulphite ( soda1 cry/als #ajj gra9s ,cau/ic soda #ej gra9s ,wat] #aj ounces ,dissolve ! metac>bol 9 wat]1 !n add ! sulphite1 & :5 dissolv$ add ! cau/ic soda & filt]4 ,,develop+ ,,p[d]s4 ,by weight ,i4--,pyrogallol #j4c p>ts ,sodium bisulphite #a4b p>ts ,sodium c>bonate #a4b p>ts ,,ii4--,eikonog5 #a4a p>ts ,sodium sulphite #b4d p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #a4e p>ts ,,iii4--,hydroqu9one #j4f p>ts ,sodium sulphite #c4d p>ts ,potassium bromide #j4c p>ts ,sodium c>bonate #g4j p>ts ,^! ?ree =mulas ea* yield "o p[d]4 ,! p[d]s %\ld be put up 9 oil$ pap]1 & c>efully inclos$1 besides1 9 a wrapp] ( black pap]4 ,= use1 "o p[d] is dissolv$ 9 ab\t #fj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,,develop+ ,,pap]s4 ,light4--,! pap] c be safely h&l$ #h feet f ! s\rce ( light1 #ebh :i* may be ,welsba* gas light1 cov]$ ) po/-(fice pap]1 inc&esc5t light1 ord9>y gas light1 k]os5e light1 or r$uc$ daylight1 ! latt] produc$ by cov]+ a w9d[ ) "o or m ?icknesses ( orange po/-(fice pap]1 z necessitat$ by /r5g? ( light4 ,expose by hold+ ! pr9t+ frame close to gas1 lamp1 or inc&esc5t light1 or to subdu$ daylight4 ,artificial light is recomm5d$ 9 pref]5ce to daylight because ( uni=mity1 & x be+ 9 consequ5ce easi] to judge ! prop] l5g? ( "t to expose4 ,exposure4--,! am\nt ( exposure requir$ v>ies ) ! /r5g? ( ! light2 x takes ab\t ! same "t ) an ord9>y gas burn] & an inc&esc5t light2 a ,welsba* gas light requires only ab\t "o-half z mu* "t z ! ord9>y gas burn]1 & a k]os5e light ( ord9>y size ab\t ?ree times z mu* z an ord9>y gas burn]4 ,if daylight is to be us$ ! w9d[ %\ld be cov]$ ) po/-(fice pap]1 9 :i* a sub-w9d[ ab\t #a foot squ>e = mak+ ! exposure may be made4 ,cov] ?is w9d[ fir/ ) a piece ( :ite tissue pap]1 !n ) a piece ( black clo? or po/-(fice pap] to exclude ! :ite light :5 n want$4 ,make exposure accord+ to /r5g? ( light at f #a to #b feet away f ! tissue pap]4 ,keep ! pr9t+ frame :5 artificial light is us$ con/antly 9 motion dur+ exposure4 ,tim+ ! ,exposure4--,! "t necess>y = expos+ is regulat$ by d5sity ( negative & /r5g? ( light4 ,! fur!r away ! negative is f ! s\rce ( light at ! "t ( exposure ! weak] ! light2 h5ce1 9 ord] to secure uni=mity 9 exposure x is desirable always to make ! exposure at a giv5 di/ance f ! light us$4 ,) a negative ( m$ium d5sity expos$ #a foot f an ord9>y gas burn]1 f #a to #aj m9utes' exposure is requir$4 ,a te/ to asc]ta9 ! l5g? ( exposure %\ld be made4 ,once ! prop] am\nt ( exposure is asc]ta9$ ) a giv5 light1 ! am\nt ( exposure requir$ c be easily approximat$ by mak+ subsequ5t exposures at ! same di/ance f ! same light2 ! only diff]5ce t x w\ld !n be necess>y to make w\ld be to all[ = v>iation 9 d5sity ( diff]5t negatives4 ,fix+4--,all[ ! pr9ts to rema9 9 ! fix+ solution #aj to #bj m9utes1 :5 !y %\ld be remov$ to a tray conta9+ cle> wat]4 ,wa%+4--,wa% #a h\r 9 runn+ wat]1 or 9 #aj or #ab *anges ( cle> wat]1 all[+ pr9ts to soak #b to #c m9utes 9 ea* *ange4 ,pyrocate*9 ,=mula4-- ,solution ,a ,pyrocate*9 #b p>ts ,sulphite ( soda1 cry/als #b4e p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,solution ,b ,c>bonate ( soda #aj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,be=e us+ mix #bj p>ts ( ,solution ,a1 & #a_/b "p ( ,solution ,b4 ,metol ,qu9ol4-- ,wat] #aj ounces ,metol #g gra9s ,sodium sulphite1 cry/als1 pure #a_/b ounce ,hydroqu9one #cj gra9s ,sodium c>bonate1 dessicat$ 7or #djj gra9s ( cry/alliz$ c>bonate74 #bjj gra9s ,t5 p] c5t bromide ( potassium solution1 ab\t #aj drops ,amidol ,=mula4-- ,wat] #d ounces ,sodium sulphite1 cry/als1 pure #bjj gra9s ,amidol1 ab\t #bj gra9s ,t5 p] c5t bromide ( potassium solution1 ab\t #e drops ,if ! blacks are gre5i%1 add m amidol2 if :ites are grayi%1 add m bromide ( potassium4 ,hypo-,acid ,fix+ ,ba?4-- ,hypo #af ounces ,wat] #fd ounces ,!n add ! foll[+ h>d5+ solution3 ,wat] #e ounces ,sodium sulphite1 cry/als #a_/b ounce ,comm]cial acetic acid 7conta9+ #be p] c5t pure acid7 #c ounces ,p[d]$ alum #a_/b ounce ,amidol ,develop]4-- ,amidol #b gra9s ,sodium sulphite #cj gra9s ,potassium bromide #a gra9 ,wat] #a ounce #ebi ,) a fairly correct exposure ?is w be f\nd to produce pr9ts ( a ri* black tone1 & ( good quality4 ,! :ole secret ( successful bromide pr9t+ lies 9 correctness ( exposure4 ,x is g5]ally tak5 = grant$ t any poor1 flat negative is good en\gh to yield a bromide pr9t1 b ?is is n s4 ,a negative ( good pr9t+ quality on pr9t+-out pap] w also yield a good pr9t on bromide pap]1 b consid]able c>e & skill are necess>y to obta9 a good result f a poor negative4 ,! above develop] w n keep 9 solution1 & %\ld be fre%ly prep>$ z requir$4 ,! same =mula w also be f\nd useful = ! developm5t ( lant]n plates1 b w only yield black-ton$ slides4 ,,plat9um ,,pap]s3 ,g5]al ,in/ructions4--,to secure ! mo/ brilliant results ! s5sitiz$ pap]1 be=e1 dur+1 & aft] its exposure to light1 mu/ be kept z dry z possible4 ,! pap] is expos$ to daylight1 9 ! pr9t+ frame1 = ab\t "o-?ird ( ! "t necess>y = ord9>y silv] pap]4 ,! pr9t is !n imm]s$ 9 ! develop] = ab\t #cj seconds1 !n cle>$ 9 #c acid ba?s conta9+ #a "p ( muriatic acid ,c4 ,p4 to #fj p>ts ( wat]1 wa%$ = a %ort "t 9 runn+ wat]1 ! :ole op]ation ( pr9t+1 cle>+1 & wa%+ be+ complete 9 ab\t half an h\r4 ,z a g5]al rule all p>ts ( ! picture except ! highe/ lights %\ld be visible :5 ! exposure is complete4 ,:5 exam9+ ! pr9ts 9 ! pr9t+ frames1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to expose !m unduly to light2 = ! degradation ( ! :ites ( ! pap] due to slight action ( light is n visible until aft] developm5t4 ,ansco ,plat9um ,pap]4--,pr9t until a trace ( ! detail desir$ is slightly visible 9 ! high lights4 ,developm5t4--,be/ results are obta9$ ) ! temp]ature ( ! develop] f #fj to #hj ,f4 ,imm]se ! pr9t 9 ! develop] ) a quick sweep+ motion to prev5t air bells4 ,develop 9 artificial or weak daylight4 ,! developm5t ( a pr9t f a normal negative w require #dj seconds or m4 ,=mula = ,develop]4-- ,wat] #ej ounces ,neutral oxalate ( pota% #h ounces ,potassium phosphate 7monobasic7 #a ounce ,c>e mu/ be us$ to obta9 ! monobasic potassium phosphate4 ,imm$iately aft] pr9ts are develop$1 place !m face d[n 9 ! fir/ acid ba?1 compos$ ( ,muriatic acid1 ,c4 ,p4 #a ounce ,wat] #fj ounces ,aft] rema9+ 9 ?is ba? = a p]iod ( ab\t #e m9utes1 transf] to ! second acid ba? ( ! same /r5g?4 ,! pr9ts %\ld pass ?r\gh at lea/ #c & pref]ably #d acid ba?s1 to remove all traces ( iron t may rema9 9 ! pores ( ! pap]4 ,:5 ?or\ghly cle>$1 ! pr9t %\ld be wa%$ f #aj to #bj m9utes 9 runn+ wat]4 ,if runn+ wat] is n available1 sev]al *anges ( wat] 9 ! tray w be necess>y4 8,wat] ,tone0 ,plat9um ,pap]4--8,wat] tone0 plat9um pap] is v easily affect$ by moi/ure2 x w1 !re=e1 be notic$ :5 pr9t+ 9 w>m1 damp wea!r t ! pr9t w %[ q a t5d5cy to pr9t out black 9 ! deep %ad[s4 ,?is mu/ n be tak5 into consid]ation1 z ! same am\nt ( exposure is necess>y z 9 dry days4 ,pr9t by direct light 7sunlight pref]r$7 until ! %ad[s are cle>ly outl9$ 9 a deep can>y color4 ,at ?is /age ! same detail w be obs]v$ 9 ! half tones t ! f9i%$ pr9t w %[4 ,= develop+1 use pla9 wat]1 heat$ to #abj ,f4 7:i* w be z hot z !y c be>74 ,! developm5t w be practically in/antane\s1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid air bubbles =m+ ^u ! surface ( ! pr9ts4 ,place pr9ts1 aft] develop+1 directly into a cle>+ ba? ( muriatic acid1 #a dra*m to #ab ounces ( wat]1 & let !m rema9 9 ?is ba? ab\t #aj m9utes1 :5 !y are ready = ! f9al wa%+ ( #ae m9utes 9 runn+ wat]1 or #e *anges ( ab\t #c m9utes ea*4 ,lay out betwe5 blott]s to dry1 & m\nt by atta*+ ! corn]s4 ,bradley ,plat9um ,pap]4--,develop]4 ,a4--,= black tones3 ,neutral oxalate potassium #h ounces ,potassium phosphate #a ounce ,wat] #cj ounces ,b4--,= sepia tones3 ,( above mix$ solution #h ounces ,saturat$ bi*loride m]cury solution #a ounce ,citrate soda #e gra9s #ecj ,if deep r$ tones are desir$ add to ,b ,nitrate uranium #aj gra9s ,!n filt] & use z a develop]4 ,w4 ,c4 ,plat9otype4--,developm5t4--,! :ole cont5ts ( ! box ( ! ,w4 ,c4 develop+ salts mu/ be dissolv$ at "o "t1 z ! salts are mix$2 & if ?is be n done1 too l>ge a proportion ( "o ( ! +r$i5ts may be us$4 ,developm5t %\ld be conduct$ 9 a feeble :ite light1 simil> to t us$ :5 cutt+ up ! pap]1 or by gas light4 ,x may take place imm$iately aft] ! pr9t is expos$1 or at ! end ( ! day's pr9t+4 ,develop by float+ ! pr9t1 expos$ side d[nw>ds1 on ! develop+ solution4 ,developm5t may take #cj seconds or m4 ,dur+ ! hot summ] days x is n advisable to unduly delay ! developm5t ( expos$ pr9ts4 ,if possible develop )9 #a h\r aft] pr9t+4 ,ei!r porcela9 or agate--pref]ably porcela9--di%es are necess>y to hold ! develop+ solution4 ,to cle> ! develop$ pr9ts3 ,^! mu/ be wa%$ 9 a s]ies ( ba?s 7n less ?an ?ree7 ( a weak solution ( muriatic acid ,c4 ,p4 ,?is solution is made by mix+ #a "p ( acid 9 #fj p>ts ( wat]4 ,z soon z ! pr9t has be5 remov$ f ! develop+ di% x mu/ be imm]s$ face d[nw>ds 9 ! fir/ ba? ( ?is acid1 conta9$ 9 a porcela9 di%1 9 :i* x %\ld rema9 ab\t #e m9utes2 mean:ile o!r pr9ts foll[ until all are develop$4 ,! pr9ts mu/ !n be remov$ to a second acid ba? = ab\t #aj m9utes2 aft]w>ds to ! ?ird ba? = ab\t #ae m9utes4 ,:ile ! pr9ts rema9 9 ^! acid ba?s !y %\ld be mov$ s t ! solution has free access to _! surfaces1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 n to abrade !m by undue friction4 ,pure muriatic acid mu/ be us$4 ,if comm]cial muriatic acid be us$1 ! pr9ts w be discolor$ & turn yell[4 ,= ea* bat* ( pr9ts fre% acid ba?s mu/ be us$4 ,aft] ! pr9ts h pass$ ?r\gh ! acid ba?s !y %\ld be well wa%$ 9 ?ree *anges ( wat] dur+ ab\t a half h\r4 ,x is advisable to add a p9* ( wa%+ soda to ! second wa%+ wat] to neutralize any acid rema9+ 9 ! pr9t4 ,d n use wat] t conta9s iron1 z x t5ds to turn pap] yell[4 ,s(t wat] is ! be/ = ?is purpose4 ,w4 ,c4 ,sepia ,pap]4--,) a few exceptions ! me?od ( c>ry+ out ! op]ations is ! same z = ! 8black0 k9ds ( plat9otype pap]4 ,! foll[+ po9ts %\ld be att5d$ to3 ,! 8sepia0 pap] is m easily affect$ by fa9t light1 &1 !re=e1 increas$ c>e mu/ be tak5 :5 pr9t+4 ,to develop1 add to ea* ounce ( ! develop+ solution #a #a_/b dra*ms ( sepia solution suppli$ = ?is purpose1 & proce$ z describ$ = black pap]4 ,! solution mu/ be heat$ to a temp]ature ( #aej to #afj ,f41 to obta9 ! greate/ am\nt ( brilliance & ! w>me/ color1 b v good results c be obta9$ by us+ a cool] develop]4 ,v>iations ( ! ,sepia ,develop]4--,prim>ily ! object ( ! sepia solution 9 ! develop] is to increase ! brightness ( ! pr9ts1 z1 = example1 :5 ! negative is ?9 & flat1 or d5se & flat1 ! addition ( ! sepia solution to ! develop] cle>s up1 to "s ext5t1 ! flatness ( ! pr9t by tak+ out traces ( ! f9] detail 9 ! high] lights1 :i* is (t5 a decid$ improvem5t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! negative be d5se1 ) cle> %ad[s1 ! sepia solution may be disc>d$ altoge!r4 ,?is w prev5t ! loss ( any ( ! f9] detail & greatly r$uce h>%ness 9 ! pr9ts4 ,sometimes a half1 or ev5 a qu>t]1 ( ! quantity ( ! sepia solution recomm5d$ z an addition to ! develop] w be suffici5t1 dep5d+ altoge!r ^u ! /r5g? ( ! negatives4 ,pr9ts develop$ )\t ! solution h less ( ! sepia quality b are v agreeable nev]!less4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! sepia pap] is totally diff]5t f ! black1 & w develop sepia tones on a develop] to :i* no sepia solution has be5 add$4 ,! sepia solution cle>s up & bright5s ! flat1 muddy 7to "s ext5t1 n totally7 effects f ! ?9n] class ( negatives4 ,! ,glyc]9e ,process4--,! 8glyc]9e process10 or ! process ( develop+ plat9otype pr9ts by application ( ! develop+ ag5t ) ! bru%1 is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & fasc9at+ ( photographic processes1 ow+ to its f>-rea*+ possibilities4 #eca ,by ?is me?od ( develop+ plat9otype pap]1 _m negatives :i* h be5 disc>d$ on acc\nt ( ! dim1 flat1 non-contra/y results :i* !y yield1 9 ! h&s ( "o possess+ a little arti/ic skill1 produce snappy1 animat$ pictures4 ,on ! o!r h&1 f ! %>p & h>d negative1 s(t1 sket*y effects may be secur$4 ,!re are requir$ = ?is process3 ,"s glass j>s2 "s s(t bru%es1 v>y+ f ! f9e spott] & ! ,japanese bru% to ! #a #a_/b-;in* du/]1 & sev]al pieces ( special blott+ pap]4 ,manipulation4--,pr9t ! pap] a trifle deep] ?an = ! ord9>y me?od ( develop+4 ,place ! pr9t face up on a piece ( clean glass 7%\ld ! pr9t curl s t x is unmanageable1 moi/5 ! glass ) glyc]9e71 &1 ) ! broad camel's-hair bru%1 ?9ly coat ! entire pr9t ) pure glyc]9e1 blott+ same (f 9 #c or #d seconds2 !n recoat m ?ickly su* portions z are desir$ especially re/ra9$1 or ! details p>tly or entirely elim9at$4 ,n[ bru% or pa9t su* portion ( ! pr9t z is fir/ desir$ ) solution ( #a "p glyc]9e & #d p>ts normal develop]1 blott+ ! portion be+ develop$ f "t to "t to avoid develop+ too f>4 ,full /r5g? develop] 7)\t glyc]9e7 is employ$ :]e a pron\nc$ or deep %ade is want$4 ,:5 any "p ( ! pr9t has rea*$ ! full developm5t desir$1 blot t portion c>efully ) ! blott] & coat ) pure glyc]9e4 ,a br[n effect may be obta9$ by us+ saturat$ solution ( m]cury 9 ! develop] 7#a "p m]cury to #h p>ts develop]74 ,by ! use ( dilut$ m]cury ! 8fle% tones0 are produc$ 9 portraits1 etc4 ,:5 pr9t has rea*$ complete developm5t1 place 9 hydro*loric 7muriatic7 acid & wa% z usual4 ,ea/man's ,sepia ,pap]4--,?is pap] is ab\t #c times z rapid z blue pap]4 ,x %\ld be "u r ?an ov] pr9t$1 & is develop$ by wa%+ 9 pla9 wat]4 ,aft] #b or #c *anges ( wat] fix #e m9utes 9 a solution ( hypo 7#a #a_/b gra9s to ! ounce ( wat]71 & aft]w>ds wa% ?or\ghly4 ,%ort fix+ gives r$ tones4 ,long] fix+ produces a br[n tone4 ,developm5t ( ,plat9um ,pr9ts4--,9 ! developm5t ( plat9otype pr9ts by ! hot ba? process1 di/9ctly w>m] tones are obta9$ by us+ a ba? :i* has be5 sev]al times heat$1 cold] blacks result+ f ! use ( a fre%ly prep>$ solution1 & cold] tones /ill if ! develop+ solution be fa9tly acidifi$4 ,! repeat$ heat+ ( ! solution ( ! neutral salt app>5tly has ! effect ( r5d]+ ! ba? slightly alkal9e by ! conv]sion ( a m9ute proportion ( ! oxalate into potassium c>bonate4 ,if ?is be ! case1 x all[s a little latitude 9 *oice ( tone :i* may be useful4 ,"s photograph]s recomm5d ! use ( potassium phosphate ) ! neutral oxalate1 /at+ t ! solution %\ld be r5d]$ acid by ! addition ( a small proportion ( oxalic acid4 ,:5 ! potassium phosphate 0 fir/ recomm5d$ = ?is purpose1 probably ! acid salt1 ,,kh#b,,po#d1 0 int5d$1 by ! use ( :i* cold /eely black tones 7 obta9$4 ,! use ( ! oxalic acid ) ! ord9>y phosphate ,k#b;,,hpo#d1 is probably int5d$ to produce ! same result4 ,,! ,,c>bon ,,process4 ,! pap] us$ is coat$ on "o surface ) a mixture ( gelat9 & "s pigm5t 7! color ( :i* dep5ds ^u ! color ! requir$ pr9t is to be71 & !n all[$ to dry4 ,:5 requir$ = pr9t+ x is s5sitiz$ by float+ ^u a solution ( bi*romate ( potassium1 & !n aga9 dry+1 9 ! d>k ?is "t4 ,! process is bas$ ^u ! action ( light ^u ?is film ( *romatiz$ gelat92 :]ev] ! light rea*es1 ! gelat9 is r5d]$ insoluble1 ev5 9 hot wat]4 ,! pap] is expos$ 9 ! usual way4 ,b z ! appe>ance ( ! pap] be=e & aft] pr9t+ is precisely ! same1 x is impossible to tell :5 x is pr9t$ by exam9+ ! pr9t4 ,?is is usually accompli%$ by expos+ a piece ( gelat9o-*loride pap] "u a negative ( ab\t ! same d5sity1 & plac+ x alongside ( ! c>bon pr9t4 ,:5 ! gelat9o-*loride pap] is pr9t$1 ! c>bon w be f9i%$4 ,! pap] is !n remov$ f ! pr9t+ frame & imm]s$ 9 cold wat]1 :i* removes a great deal ( ! bi*romate ( potassium1 & also makes ! pr9t lie out flat4 ,x is !n float$ on to :at is kn[n z a support1 & press$ firmly ^u x1 face d[nw>ds1 & all[$ to rema9 = #e or #aj m9utes4 ,!n ! support1 toge!r ) ! pr9t1 is plac$ 9 hot wat] = a %ort "t1 & :5 ! gelat9 comm5ces to ooze out at ! edges ! pr9t is remov$ by /ripp+ f ! support1 ?is process leav+ ! great] quantity ( ! gelat9 & pigm5t #ecb ^u ! support4 ,! gelat9 & pigm5t are !n treat$ ) hot wat] by runn+ ! hot wat] ov] ! face ( ! support by means ( a sponge4 ,?is removes ! soluble gelat91 & leaves ! gelat91 toge!r ) ! pigm5t x conta9s1 :i* 0 act$ ^u by light2 ?is !n con/itutes ! picture4 ,! reason = transf]r+ ! gelat9 film is q app>5t1 s9ce ! great] portion ( ! unact$-^u gelat9 w be at ! back ( ! film1 & 9 ord] to get at x to remove x1 x is necess>y to transf] x to a support4 ,9 ?is condition ! pr9t c be dri$ & m\nt$1 b on consid]ation x w be se5 t ! picture is 9 a rev]s$ position1 t is to say1 t ! "r-h& side ( ! orig9al has become ! left1 & vice v]sa4 ,if ! picture be f9i%$ 9 ?is condition1 x is said to h be5 done by ! s+le transf] me?od4 ,9 "s in/ances ?is rev]sal w\ld be ( no consequ5ce1 su* z "s portraits1 b ) views :i* are kn[n ?is w\ld nev] d4 ,9 ord] to rem$y ?is /ate ( affairs1 ! picture is transf]r$ once m1 by press+1 :ile wet1 ^u ano!r support1 & all[$ to dry ^u x2 :5 sep>at$1 ! picture rema9s ^u ! latt] support1 & is 9 its "r position4 ,?is is :at is kn[n z ! d\ble transf] me?od4 ,:5 ! d\ble transf] me?od is us$1 ! fir/ support consi/s ( a specially prep>$ support1 :i* has be5 wax$ 9 ord] to prev5t ! pictures f adh]+ p]man5tly to x2 ?is is !n kn[n z a tempor>y support4 ,! pap] ^u :i* ! pr9t is f9ally receiv$ is prep>$ ) a coat+ ( gelat91 & is kn[n z ! f9al support4 ,,lant]n ,,slides4 ,! mak+ ( a good slide beg9s ) ! mak+ ( ! negative1 ! op]ations 9 bo? cases be+ closely alli$1 & he :o has ma/]$ ! fir/1 :i* is ! corn] /one to all successful results 9 any bran* ( photography1 may well be expect$ to be able to make a good lant]n slide4 ,a slide is judg$ n by :at x appe>s to be :5 held 9 ! h&1 b by its appe>ance :5 magnifi$ two to five ?\s& times on ! scre51 :]e a small defect 9 ! slide w %[ up z a gross fault4 ,pati5ce & cleanl9ess are absolutely necess>y4 ,! greate/ caution %\ld be obs]v$ to keep ! lant]n plates free f du/1 bo? be=e & aft] exposure & developm5t1 = small p9holes & du/ spots1 h>dly noticeable on ! slide1 assume huge proportions on ! scre5 & detract mat]ially f ! slide's beauty4 ,! high lights 9 a slide %\ld1 9 r>e cases only1 be repres5t$ by cle> glass1 & ! %ad[s %\ld always be transp>5t1 ev5 9 ! deepe/ "p4 ,! balance betwe5 ^! extremes %\ld be a delicate gradation ( tone f "o to ! o!r4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! /ronge/ high light & ! deepe/ %ad[ %\ld be en\gh to give brilliancy )\t h>dness & delicacy or s(tness )\t be+ flat4 ,?is is controll$ also1 to "s ext5t1 by ! subject summ] sun%9e requir+ a m vigor\s r5d]+ ?an hazy autumn effects1 & h]e9 ea* individual mu/ decide = himself :at is mo/ necess>y to give ! correct portrayal ( ! subject4 ,x is a good idea to procure a slide1 z ne> te*nically p]fect z possible1 f "s slide-mak+ fri5d1 or deal]1 to use x z a /&>d1 & to make slide aft] slide f ! same negative until a satisfactory result is rea*$4 ,a black tone ( good quality is usually satisfactory = mo/ slides1 b x is v agreeable to see int]sp]s$ a v>iety ( tone1 & beautiful slides c be made1 :]e ! subject w>rants1 9 blue1 br[n1 purple1 & ev5 r$ & gre51 by v>y+ ! exposure & developm5t & by us+ gold or uranium ton+ ba?s & o!r solutions = t purpose1 ! =mulas & mat]ials = :i* are easily obta9able f ! magaz9es & f /ock deal]s1 respectively4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t ^! ton+ solutions g5]ally act z int5sifi]s1 & t if ton+ is contemplat$1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d at ! "t ( develop+ ! slide1 s t x may n f9ally appe> too d5se4 ,ton+ w improve o!rwise weak slides1 b w n help "u-expos$ ones1 z its t5d5cy w be 9 su* case to increase ! contra/1 :i* 9 su* slides is already too great4 ,ano!r me?od ( gett+ a f9e quality ( slides is to make r /rong exposures to ov]-develop1 & !n to r$uce ) p]sulphate ( ammonium4 ,! popul> me?ods ( mak+ ! exposure are3 ,fir/1 by contact 9 ! pr9t+ frame1 j z pr9ts are made on velox or o!r develop+ pap]1 provid$ ! subject on ! negative is ( ! "r size = a lant]n slide2 & ! o!r & bett] me?od is ! cam]a #ecc me?od1 by :i* ! subject ( any negative1 l>ge or small1 or any "p !re(1 c be r$uc$ or enl>g$1 & ?us br\ght to ! prop] size desir$ = ! slide4 ,?is is q a knack1 & %\ld be consid]$ & /udi$ by ! slide mak] v c>efully4 ,h>d & inflexible rules _c be laid d[n 9 ?is relation4 ,portrait /udies ( bu/ or ?ree-f\r?s figures or baby figures ne$ n be made = a l>g] op5+ ?an #a #a_/b by #b in*es1 & (t5 appe> to good advantage if made q a bit small]4 ,figure or gr\p compositions1 ) consid]able backgr\nd or accessories1 may1 ( c\rse1 h a l>g] op5+ to suit ! p>ticul> circum/ances4 ,monum5ts1 tall build+s1 & ! l %\ld h ! b5efit ( ! :ole height ( mat op5+ ( #b #c_/d in*es1 & %\ld be made ( a size to fill x out prop]ly1 provid+1 h[ev]1 = suffici5t =egr\nd & a prop] sky l9e4 ,l&scapes & m>9e views g5]ally c be made to fill out ! full l5g? ( mat op5+1 :i*1 h[ev]1 %\ld n exce$ #b #g_/h in*es1 & may be ( any height to suit ! subject1 up to #b #c_/d in*es4 ,! subject %\ld be well c5t]$ on ! plate & ! "p int5d$ to be %[n z ! picture %\ld be well )9 ! size ( ! mat op5+ decid$ ^u1 s t ) a slight v>iation ( ! plac+ ( ! mat no "p ( ! picture w be cut (f by ! c>ri] 9 ! /]eopticon4 ,! horizon l9e 9 a l&scape1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 a m>9e view1 %\ld always be 9 prop] position1 ei!r bel[ or above ! c5t] l9e ( ! slide1 z may suit ! subject1 b %\ld nev] divide ! picture 9 ! middle & %\ld n appe> to be runn+ ei!r up or d[n hill4 ,& ! v]tical l9es 9 ! pictures %\ld n be lean+1 b %\ld run p>allel ) ! side l9es ( ! mat2 ?is ref]s especially to ! v]tical l9es 9 ar*itecture1 except1 h[ev]1 ! ,t[] ( ,pisa & k9dr$ subjects1 :i* %\ld 9 e case be %[n ) _! natural incl9ations4 ,z to "t ( exposure1 v little c be said4 ,t v>ies ) ! diff]5t makes ( plates1 ) ! quality ( ! light1 & ! nature & d5sity ( ea* individual negative4 ,!re=e e "o mu/ be a judge unto himself & make z good a guess z he c = ! fir/ trial f ea* negative & gauge fur!r exposures f ! results ?us obta9$2 b ?is mu* may be said1 t a negative /rong 9 contra/ %\ld be giv5 a long exposure1 close to ! light1 if artificial light is us$1 or 9 /rong daylight1 & develop$ ) a weak or v mu* dilut$ develop] to make a s(t slide ) full tone values4 ,& a flat1 weak negative w yield bett] results if expos$ f>!r f ! light or to a weak] light1 & develop$ by a normal or m aggressive develop]4 ,ov] exposure & "u exposure %[ ! same results 9 slide plates z 9 negative plates1 & ! treatm5t %\ld be simil> 9 bo? k9ds ( plates except t1 p]haps1 9 cases ( "u exposure ( slide plates1 ! bett] plan w\ld be to ca/ !m aside & make !m ov]1 z v little c be done ) !m4 ,= gett+ bright & cle> effects x is n[ well und]/ood t bett] & m satisfactory results are obta9$ by back+ ! slide plates z well z by back+ negative plates4 ,?is is accompli%$ by coat+ ! back or glass side ( ! plate ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,gum arabic #a_/b ounce ,c>amel #a ounce ,burnt si5na #b ounces ,alcohol #b ounces ,mix & apply ) small sponge or wad ( absorb5t cotton4 ,x %\ld coat ?9 & smoo? & dry h>d en\gh s x w n rub (f :5 h&l$4 ,if ! plates are put into a light-pro( groov$ box z fa/ z back$1 !y c be us$ ab\t half an h\r aft] be+ coat$4 ,be=e develop+1 ?is back+ %\ld be remov$2 ?is is be/ done by fir/ wett+ ! film side ( ! plate "u ! tap1 :i* w prev5t /a9+ x1 & !n lett+ ! wat] run on ! back+1 &1 ) a little rubb+1 x w disappe> 9 a few mom5ts1 :5 developm5t may proce$4 ,o!r prep>ations = ?is purpose1 ready = use1 may be f\nd at ! /ock h\ses4 ,! mat %\ld be c>efully select$ or cut ( a size & %ape to %[ up ! subject to be/ advantage1 & %\ld cov] ev]y?+ n want$ 9 ! picture4 ,! op5+ %\ld n exce$ #b #c_/d x #b #g_/h in*es 9 any case1 & mu/ n be ragg$ or fuzzy1 b clean cut & symmetrical4 ,! l9es ( ! op5+ ( squ>e mats %\ld be p>allel ) ! outside l9es ( ! plate4 ,oval1 or r\nd1 or o!r v>i\sly %ap$ mats1 %\ld be us$ sp>+ly1 & 9 special cases only :]e ! nature ( ! subject w w>rant _! use4 ,/atu>y %[s up to be/ advantage :5 ! backgr\nd is block$ out4 #ecd ,?is is easily done ) a small camel's-hair arti/'s bru% & opaque or india ink1 9 a ret\*+ frame1 a good eye & a /eady h& be+ ! only additional requirem5ts4 ,?is treatm5t may also be appli$ to "s fl[] /udies & o!r botanical subjects4 ,b9d+ may be p]=m$ ) ! aid ( a /ation]'s spr+ clamp1 su* z is us$ = hold+ pap]s toge!r1 & c be pur*as$ = #aj c5ts4 ,cut ! b9d+ /rips ! l5g? ( ! sides & ends ( ! slide1 & gum !m on sep>ately1 rubb+ !m firmly 9 contact ) ! glass ) a piece ( clo? or an old h&k]*ief1 :i* might be kept h&y = t purpose1 s t ! b9d+ may n loos5 or peel (f aft] ! slides are h&l$ b half a doz5 times4 ,be=e /or+ ! slides away = future use !y %\ld be prop]ly label$ & nam$4 ,! "n label %\ld be affix$ on ! "r end ( ! face ( ! slide z y look at x 9 its prop] position1 & %\ld conta9 ! mak]'s "n & ! title ( ! slide4 ,! ?umb label %\ld be affix$ to ! l[] left-h& corn] ( ! face ( ! slide1 & may %[ ! numb] ( ! slide4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,utilize ,,wa/e ,,mat]ial4 ,und\bt$ly spoil$ negatives =m ! greate/ wa/e4 ,! uses to :i* a ru9$ negative may be put are manifold4 ,cut d[n to #c #a_/d in*es squ>e & ! films clean$ (f1 !y make excell5t cov] glasses = lant]n slides4 ,ano!r use = !m 9 ! same popul> bran* ( photography is ! foll[+3 ,if1 dur+ developm5t1 y see t y\r negative is spoil$ ?r\gh unev5 d5sity1 ov] exposure1 or :at n1 expose x to ! light & all[ x to black5 all ov]4 ,n[ ) seal+ wax fa/5 a ne$le to a p5hold]1 & by means ( ?is little tool "o c easily manufacture diagram slides f ! d>k5$ film 7:ite l9es on black gr\nd74 ,take a spoil$ negative1 dissolve out all ! silv] ) a solution ( potassium f]ricyanide & hypo4 ,r9se1 dry1 rub ) s&pap]1 & y w h a spl5did sub/itute = gr\nd glass4 ,remove ! silv] 9 a simil> mann] f ano!r negative1 b ?is "t wa% ?or\ghly4 ,squeegee d[n on ?is a pr9t1 & an opal9e w be y\r rew>d4 ,f su* an opal9e1 by cem5t+ on a few m glasses1 a ta/eful lett] weight may soon be made4 ,ano!r way 9 :i* v ?9 negatives may be us$ is ?is3 ,blea* !m 9 bi*loride ( m]cury1 back !m ) black pap]1 & positives w result4 ,old negatives also make good trimm+ bo>ds1 ! film prev5t+ a rapid blunt+ ( ! knife1 & !y may be successfully us$ z m\nt+ tables4 ,clean (f ! films1 poli% ) ,fr5* *alk1 & squeegee y\r pr9ts !reto4 ,:5 dry !y may be remov$ & w h a f9e enamel$1 if h>dly arti/ic1 appe>ance4 ,_m o!r uses = !m may also be f\nd if ! amateur is at all +5i\s4 ,us]s ( pyro1 in/ead ( ?r[+ ! old develop] away1 %\ld keep "s ( x & all[ x to oxidize4 ,a ?9 negative1 if imm]s$ 9 ?is = a few m9utes1 w be /a9$ a deep yell[ all ov]1 & its pr9t+ quality w be mu* improv$4 ,old hypo ba?s %\ld be sav$1 &1 :5 a suffici5t quantity ( silv] is ?\ght to be 9 solution1 r$uc$ to recov] ! metal4 ,pr9t+ pap] ( any sort is ano!r great s\rce ( wa/e1 especially to ! inexp]i5c$ photograph]4 ,pr9ts are too d>k or n d>k en\gh successfully to und]go ! subsequ5t op]ations4 ,spoil$ mat]ial ( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 is n )\t its uses 9 photography4 ,^? :o swe> by ! 8comb9$ ba?10 w f9d t scraps ( pr9t+-out pap]1 or any silv] pap]1 are necess>y to />t ! ton+ action4 ,spoil$ mat surface1 pr9t+-out pap]1 bromide pap]1 or plat9otype %\ld be all[$ to black5 all ov]4 ,"h we h a dead-black surface useful = _m purposes4 ,a leak 9 ! bell[s :5 out 9 ! field may be repair$ tempor>ily by moi/5+ a piece ( mat pr9t+-out pap] & /ick+ x on ! leak2 ! gelat9 w cause x to adh]e4 ,^! pap]s may also be us$ to back plates1 plat9otypes1 ( c\rse1 requir+ "s adhesive mixture to make !m /ick4 ,9 e photograph]'s possession !re w be f\nd a small p]c5tage ( /a9$ pr9ts4 ,in/ead ( ?r[+ ^! away1 !y may (t5 be turn$ to good acc\nt 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,take a l>ge piece ( c>dbo>d1 "s m\ntant1 & ! pr9ts4 ,n[ proce$ to m\nt !m ta/efully s t ! corn]s ( "s ov]lap1 arrang+ 9 e case to hide ! /a94 ,if y h gone prop]ly to "w1 y w h an arti/ic mosaic4 ,n[ wa% r\nd ) india ink1 or pa9t a bord] ( leaves1 & ! :ole ?+ w =m a v neat 8tit bit40 ,keep ! /iff bits ( c>dbo>d #ece betwe5 :i* pr9t+ pap] is pack$4 ,!y are useful 9 _m ways--f opaque c>ds 9 ! d>k slide to p>titions betwe5 negatives 9 ! /or+ boxes4 ,9 reclaim+ old gold solutions1 all liquids conta9+ gold1 ) ! exception ( ba?s ( :i* cyanide =ms a "p1 mu/ be /rongly acidulat$ ) *lorhydric or sulphuric acid1 if !y are n already acid 9 _! nature4 ,!y are aft]w>ds dilut$ ) a l>ge proportion ( ord9>y wat]1 & a solution ( sulphate ( f]roprotoxide 7gre5 vitriol7 is p\r$ 9 9 excess4 ,x is recogniz$ t ! filt]$ liquid no long] conta9s gold :5 ! addition ( a new quantity ( f]ric sulphate does n occasion any cl\d9ess4 ,gold precipitat$ 9 ! =m ( a r$di% or blacki% p[d] is collect$ on a filt] & dri$ 9 an ov5 ) weights equal to its own ( borax1 saltpet]1 & c>bonate ( pota%4 ,! mass is aft]w>ds introduc$ gradually into a firepro( crucible & c>ri$ to a :ite-r$ heat 9 a furnace4 ,:5 all ! matt] has be5 introduc$1 a /rong] bla/ is giv5 by clos+ ! furnace1 s t all ! metal collects at ! bottom ( ! crucible4 ,on cool+1 a gold +ot1 *emically pure1 w be obta9$4 ,?is mode ( r$uction is also suitable = impure *loride ( gold1 & = ! removal ( gild+1 b n = solutions conta9+ cyanides1 :i* nev] give up all ! gold !y conta92 ! be/ means ( treat+ ! latt] consi/s 9 evaporat+ !m to dryness 9 a ca/-iron boil]1 & 9 calc9+ ! residue 9 an e>!n crucible at ! :ite r$4 ,a small quantity ( borax or saltpet] may be add$ = facilitat+ ! fusion1 b x is n g5]ally necess>y4 ,! gold sep>at$ collects at ! bottom ( ! crucible4 ,x is r$1 if saltpet] is employ$2 & gre51 if x is borax4 ,to reclaim silv] place ! old films1 plates1 pap]1 etc41 9 a porcela9 di%1 s arrang$ t !y w burn readily4 ,to facilitate combu/ion1 a little k]os5e or d5atur$ alcohol p\r$ ov] ! cont5ts w be f\nd s]viceable4 ,be=e bl[+ (f ! burnt pap]1 place ! residue 9 an agatew>e di%1 ! bottom ( :i* is cov]$ ) a solution ( saltpet] & wat]4 ,place ! :ole on ! fire1 & heat x until ! silv] is sep>at$ z a nitrate4 ,! solution be+ complete1 add to ! mass a little wat] & hydro*loric acid1 :5 9 a %ort "t ! s]viceable silv] *loride w be obta9$4 ,if ! films %\ld n give up _! silv] z freely z ! plates1 !n add a little m hydro*loric acid or "w !m up sep>ately4 ,silv] reclaim$ 9 ?is way is em95tly suitable = silv]-plat+ all sorts ( objects4 ,,fix+ ,,& ,,cle>+ ,,ba?s3 ,! ,acid ,fix+ & ,cle>+ ,ba?4--,add #b ounces ( ,s4 ,p4 ,c4 cl>ifi] 7acid bisulphite ( sodium7 solution to #a qu>t ( hypo solution #a 9 #e4 ,comb9$ ,alum & ,hypo ,ba?4--,add saturat$ solution ( sulphite ( sodium to saturat$ solution ( alum till ! :ite precipitate =m$ rema9s undissolv$1 & :5 ! odor ( sulphur\s acid becomes p]ceptible4 ,mix ?is solution ) an equal bulk ( fre%ly prep>$ hypo solution #a 9 #e1 & filt]4 ,?is ba? w rema9 cle>4 ,cle>+ ,solution 7,edw>d's74-- ,alum #a ounce avoirdupois ,citric acid #a ounce avoirdupois ,sulphate ( iron1 cry/als #c ounces avoirdupois ,wat] #a imp]ial p9t ,?is %\ld be fre%ly mix$4 ,cle>+ ,solution4-- ,saturat$ solution ( alum #bj ounces ,hydro*loric acid #a ounce ,imm]se negative aft] fix+ & wa%+4 ,wa% well aft] removal4 ,r$uc] = ,gelat9 ,dry-,plate ,negatives4-- ,i4--,saturat$ solution ( f]ricyanide ( potassium #a "p ,hyposulphite ( sodium solution 7#a 9 #aj7 #aj p>ts ,,ii4--,p]*loride ( iron #cj gra9s ,citric acid #fj gra9s ,wat] #a p9t ,belitski's ,acid ,f]ric-,oxalate ,r$uc] = ,gelat9 ,plates4-- ,wat] #g ounces ,potassium f]ric oxalate #b #a_/b dra*ms ,cry/alliz$ neutral sulphite ( sodium #b dra*ms ,p[d]$ oxalic acid1 f #cj to #de gra9s ,hyposulphite ( soda #a #a_/b ounces ,! solution mu/ be made 9 ?is ord]1 filt]$1 & be kept 9 tightly clos$ bottles2 & z "u ! influ5ce ( light ! f]ric salt is r$uc$ to #ecf f]r\s1 ! prep>ation mu/ be kept 9 subdu$ light1 9 non-act9ic glass bottles4 ,or?o*romatic ,dry ,plates--,ery?ros9e ,ba? 7,mallman & ,scolik74--,prelim9>y ba?3 ,wat] #bjj cubic c5timet]s ,/rong] ammonia #b cubic c5timet]s ,soak a plate = #b m9utes4 ,color ba?3 ,ery?ros9e solution 7#a 9 #a1jjj7 #be cubic c5timet]s ,/rong] ammonia 7#j4ijj7 #d cubic c5timet]s ,wat] #age cubic c5timet]s ,! plate %\ld n rema9 long] 9 ! ba? ?an #a #a_/d m9utes4 ,,pap]-,,s5sitiz+ ,,processes3 ,bluepr9t ,pap]4--,i4--,! ord9>y blue photographic pr9t 9 :i* :ite l9es appe> on a blue gr\nd may be made on pap] prep>$ z foll[s3 ,a4--,potassium f]ricyanide #aj dra*ms ,di/ill$ wat] #d ounces ,b4--,iron ammonia citrate #ae dra*ms ,di/ill$ wat] #d ounces ,mix :5 want$ = use1 filt]1 & apply to ! surface ( ! pap]4 ,) ?is mixture no develop] is requir$4 ,! pap] aft] exposure is simply wa%$ 9 wat] to remove ! unalt]$ iron salts4 ,! pr9t is improv$ by imm]sion 9 dilute hydro*loric acid1 aft] :i* x mu/ be aga9 well wa%$ 9 wat]4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ process1 cr$it$ to ,capta9 ,abney1 yields a photographic pap] giv+ blue l9es on a :ite gr\nd3 ,common salt #c ounces ,f]ric *loride #h ounces ,t>t>ic acid #c #a_/d ounces ,acacia #be ounces ,wat] #ajj ounces ,dissolve ! acacia 9 half ! wat] & dissolve ! o!r +r$i5ts 9 ! o!r half2 !n mix4 ,! liquid is appli$ ) a bru% to /rongly siz$ & well roll$ pap] 9 a subdu$ light4 ,! coat+ %\ld be z ev5 z possible4 ,! pap] %\ld be dri$ rapidly to prev5t ! solution s9k+ into its pores4 ,:5 dry1 ! pap] is ready = exposure4 ,9 sunlight1 #a or #b m9utes is g5]ally suffici5t to give an image2 :ile 9 a dull light z mu* z an h\r is necess>y4 ,to develop ! pr9t1 x is float$ imm$iately aft] leav+ ! pr9t+ frame ^u a saturat$ solution ( potassium f]rocyanide4 ,none ( ! develop+ solution %\ld be all[$ to rea* ! back4 ,! developm5t is usually complete 9 less ?an a m9ute4 ,! pap] may be lift$ (f ! solution :5 ! face is wett$1 ! developm5t proce$+ ) t :i* adh]es to ! pr9t4 ,:5 ! developm5t is complete1 ! pr9t is float$ on clean wat]1 & aft] #b or #c m9utes is plac$ 9 a ba?1 made z foll[s3 ,sulphuric acid #c ounces ,hydro*loric acid #h ounces ,wat] #ajj ounces ,9 ab\t #aj m9utes ! acid w h remov$ all iron salts n turn$ into ! blue comp\nd4 ,x is next ?or\ghly wa%$ & dri$4 ,blue spots may be remov$ by a #d p] c5t solution ( cau/ic pota%4 ,! back ( ! trac+ mu/ be plac$ 9 contact ) ! s5sitive surface4 ,,iii4--,dissolve #c #c_/d ounces ( ammonia citrate ( iron 9 #ah ounces ( wat]1 & put 9 a bottle4 ,!n dissolve #b #e_/h ounces ( r$ prussiate ( pota% 9 #ah ounces ( wat]1 & put 9 ano!r bottle4 ,:5 ready to prep>e ! pap]1 h ! %eets pil$ "o on top ( ! o!r1 coat+ b "o at a "t4 ,d>k5 ! room1 & light a ruby lamp4 ,n[1 mix ?or\ghly equal p>ts ( bo? solutions & apply ! mixture ) a sponge 9 long p>allel sweeps1 keep+ ! application z ev5 z possible4 ,hang ! pap] 9 ! d>k room to dry & keep x d>k until us$4 ,any ( ! mixture left f s5sitiz+ ! pap] %\ld be ?r[n away1 z x det]iorates rapidly4 ,(t51 9 mak+ bluepr9ts by sunlight1 ! exposure is too long1 & :5 ! frame is op5$ ! :ite l9es ( ! pr9t are fa9t or obscure4 ,usually ^! pr9ts are relegat$ to ! wa/e basket2 b if1 aft] be+ wa%$ z usual1 !y are spong$ ) a weak solution ( *loride ( iron1 _! reclamation is almo/ c]ta94 ,:5 ! l9es reappe>1 ! pr9t %\ld be ?or\ghly r9s$ 9 cle> wat]4 ,(t5 a draw+1 f :i* pr9ts h already be5 made1 requires *ang+4 ,! bluepr9ts !n on h& are wor?less1 requir+ m "t to correct #ecg ?an x w\ld take to make a new pr9t4 ,an economical way ( us+ ! wor?less pr9ts is to cancel ! draw+ already !reon1 s5sitize ! rev]se side1 & use ! pap] aga94 ,h[ to ,make ,picture ,po/al ,c>ds & ,photographic ,lett] ,heads4--,i4--,well-siz$ pap] is employ$4 ,if ! siz+ %\ld be insuffici5t1 resiz+ c be done ) a #aj p] c5t gelat9 solution1 ) a #b p] c5t arr[root pa/e1 or ) a #ej p] c5t decoction ( c>rage54 ,?is size is appli$ on ! crude pap] ) a bru% & all[$ to dry4 ,! well-siz$ or resiz$ pap]s are sup]ior & ! picture becomes /rong] on !m ?an on insuffici5tly siz$ pap]4 ,coat ?is pap] uni=mly ) a solution ( #aed gra9s ( f]ric oxalate 9 #c #a_/b fluid\nces ( di/ill$ wat]1 us+ a bru%1 & all[ to dry4 ,next1 apply ! solution ( #ae #a_/b gra9s ( silv] nitrate 9 #c #a_/b fluid\nces ( wat] ) a second bru%1 & dry aga94 ,coat+ & dry+ mu/ be conduct$ ) ruby light or 9 ! d>k4 ,! f9i%$ pap] keeps sev]al days4 ,pr9t deep s z to obta9 a /rong picture & develop 9 ! foll[+ ba?3 ,di/ill$ wat] #c #a_/b fluid\nces ,potassium oxalate 7neutral7 #cdj gra9s ,oxalic acid #d gra9s ,aft] develop+ ! well-wa%$ pr9ts1 fix !m pref]ably 9 ! foll[+ ba?3 ,di/ill$ wat] #c #a_/b fluid\nces ,sodium ?iosulphate #ge gra9s ,gold *loride solution 7#a 9 #ajj7 #hj m9ims ,any o!r good ba? may be employ$4 ,,ii4--,/>* is dissolv$ 9 wat] & ! solution is boil$ until x =ms a ?9 pa/e4 ,c>m9e p[d] is add$1 & ! mixture is rapidly & assidu\sly /irr$ until x is homog5e\s ?r\gh\t4 ,x is n[ p\r$ ?r\gh musl9 & spread by means ( a suitable p5cil on ! pap] to be s5sitiz$4 ,let dry1 !n float x1 prep>$ side d[n on a solution ( potassium *romate1 #cj p>ts 9 #ebj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 be+ c>eful to prev5t any ( ! liquid f gett+ on ! back or rev]se side4 ,dry 9 ! d>k room1 & pres]ve 9 d>kness4 ,:5 desir$ = use lay ! negative on ! face ( ! pap]1 & expose to ! full sunlight = #e or #f m9utes 7or ab\t an h\r 9 diffus$ light74 ,wa%+ 9 pl5ty ( wat] completes ! process4 ,a ,simple ,emulsion = ,mat or ,pr9t+-,out ,pap]4--,"o ( ! v be/ surfaces to "w ^u = color+ 9 wat] color is ! c>bon pr9t4 ,ap>t f its absolute p]man5cy z a base1 ! surface possesses ! "r too? = ! adh]+ ( ! pigm5t4 ,x is j su* a surface z ?is t is requir$ ^u o!r pr9ts ?an c>bon1 bo? = f9i%$ mat surfaces & = ! purposes ( color+4 ,! way to obta9 ?is surface ^u almo/ any k9d ( pap]1 & to pr9t x out s t ! correct dep? is asc]ta9$ on sight1 w be describ$4 ,"s ( ! crayon draw+ pap]s c be utiliz$1 z well z _m o!r pla9 photographic pap]s t may meet ! desires ( ! photograph]4 ,if a glossy pap] is desir$1 ! emulsion %\ld be coat$ on a b>yta-coat$ /ock4 ,!re w be requir$1 9 ! fir/ place1 #b half-gallon /onew>e crocks ) lids4 ,! be/ %ape to employ is a crock ) ! sides runn+ /raight1 ) no depress$ ridge at ! top4 ,"o ( ^! crocks is = ! prep>ation ( ! emulsion1 ! o!r to receive ! emulsion :5 filt]$4 ,an enamel$ iron saucepan ( ab\t #b gallons capacity w be requir$ 9 :i* to /& ! crock = prep>+ ! emulsion1 & also to remelt ! emulsion aft] x has become set4 ,! foll[+ is ! =mula = ! emulsion1 :i* mu/ be prep>$ & mix$ 9 ! ord] giv54 ,failure w be impossible if ^! details are scrupul\sly att5d$ to4 ,hav+ procur$ #b half-gallon /onew>e crocks ) lids1 clean !m out well ) hot & cold wat]1 & place into "o ( ^! ! foll[+3 ,di/ill$ wat] #aj ounces ,gelat9 7,he9ri*'s1 h>d7 #d ounces ,cut ! gelat9 into %r$s ) a clean pair ( scissors4 ,press ^! %r$s b5ea? ! wat] ) a clean /rip ( glass & all[ to soak = #a h\r4 ,n[ proce$ to melt ! wat]-soak$ gelat9 by plac+ ! crock into hot wat] 9 ! enamel$ saucepan1 ! wat] /&+ ab\t half way up on ! outside ( ! crock4 ,br+ ! wat] to boil+ po9t1 & keep ! gelat9 occasionally /irr$ until x is completely dissolv$4 ,!n remove ! crock to all[ ! cont5ts to cool d[n to #abj ,f4 ,n[ prep>e ! foll[+1 :i* c be done :ile ! gelat9 is melt+3 #ech ,no4 #a ,ro*elle salts #ij gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #a ounce ,no4 #b ,*loride ( ammonia #de gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #a ounce ,no4 #c ,nitrate ( silv]1 #a ounce & #ge gra9s ,citric acid 7cru%$ cry/als7 #ie gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #aj ounces ,no4 #d ,p[d]$ :ite alum #ij gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] 7hot7 #e ounces ,! latt] solution may be made ) boil+ wat]4 ,:5 ^! solutions are prep>$1 p\r into ! hot gelat9 solution ,no4 #a1 /irr+ all ! :ile ) a clean glass rod4 ,!n add ,no4 #b4 ,r9se ! vessel ) a little di/ill$ wat]1 & add to ! gelat94 ,n[1 :ile /irr+ gradually1 add ,no4 #c1 & la/ly add ,no4 #d1 :i* may be v hot4 ,?is w cause a decid$ *ange 9 ! color ( ! emulsion4 ,la/ly add #b ounces ( pure alcohol 7photographic74 ,?is mu/ be add$ v gradually ) vigor\s /irr+1 because if add$ too quickly x w coagulate ! gelat9 & =m insoluble lumps4 ,! emulsion mu/1 ( c\rse1 be mix$ "u a light n /rong] ?an an ord9>y small gas-jet1 or "u a yell[ light obta9$ by cov]+ ! w9d[s ) yell[ pap]4 ,! cov] may n[ be plac$ ^u ! crock1 & ! emulsion put aside = #b or #c days to rip54 ,at ! end ( ?is "t ! cont5ts ( ! crock1 n[ =m$ into a /iff emulsion1 may be remelt$ 9 hot wat] by plac+ ! crock 9 ! enamel$ saucepan ov] a gas /ove4 ,! emulsion may be brok5 up by cutt+ x ) a clean bone or h>d-rubb] pap] cutt] to facilitate ! melt+4 ,/ir ! mixture occasionally until ?or\ghly dissolv$1 & add ! foll[+ z soon z ! emulsion has rea*$ a temp]ature ( ab\t #aej ,f43 ,di/ill$ wat] #d ounces ,pure alcohol #a ounce ,! emulsion mu/ n[ be filt]$ into ! second crock4 ,! filt]+ is be/ accompli%$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,take an ord9>y pla9-top k]os5e lamp *imney1 tie ov] ! small end two ?icknesses ( wa%$ *eese clo?4 ,inv]t ! *imney & ins]t a tuft ( absorb5t cotton ab\t ! size ( an ord9>y egg4 ,press x c>efully d[n ^u ! *eese clo?4 ,fix ! *imney 9 ! r+ ( a retort /& 7or cut a hole ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet] 9 a wood5 %elf71 s t ! crock may /& conv5i5tly b5ea?4 ,9 ! *imney place a /rip ( glass1 re/+ ^u ! cotton1 to prev5t ! cotton f lift+4 ,n[ p\r 9 ! hot emulsion & all[ ! :ole ( x to filt] ?r\gh ! absorb5t cotton4 ,?is accompli%$1 we are n[ ready = coat+ ! pap]1 :i* is be/ done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,cut ! pap] into /rips or %eets1 say #ab in*es wide & ! full l5g? ( ! %eet4 ,?is w be1 let u suppose1 #ab x #bf in*es4 ,atta*1 by means ( ! well-kn[n photographic clips1 a /rip ( wood at ea* end ( ! pap] ^u ! back4 ,?ree clips at ea* end w be requir$4 ,hav+ a numb] ( %eets ?us prep>$1 ! emulsion %\ld be p\r$ into a porcela9 pan or tray1 kept hot by /&+ )9 ano!r tray conta9+ hot wat]4 ,! emulsion tray be+1 say1 #aa x #ad size1 ! pap] n[ is easily coat$ by hold+ ! clipp$ ends 9 ea* h&1 !n hold+ ! left end ( ! pap] up1 & ! "r-h& end l[]$ s t ! curve ( ! pap] j t\*es ! emulsion4 ,!n raise ! "r h&1 at ! same "t l[]+ ! left h& at ! same rate4 ,!n l[] ! "r h&1 lift+ ! left4 ,repeat ?is op]ation once m2 !n dra9 ! excess ( emulsion at "o corn] ( ! tray1 say1 ! left-h& corn]4 ,j z soon z ! emulsion has dra9$1 ! coat$ %eet ( pap] may be hung up to dry1 by ! hooks atta*$ to ! clips1 ^u a piece ( copp] wire /ret*$ f side to side ( a sp>e closet or room t c be kept d>k5$ until ! pap] is dry4 ,9 ?is way coat z mu* pap] z may be requir$4 ,:5 x is dry x may be roll$ up tight or kept flat "u pressure until ne$$4 ,if any emulsion rema9s x may be kept 9 a cool place = #b weeks1 & /ill be good = coat+4 ,be sure to clean out all ! vessels us$ be=e ! emulsion sets1 o!rwise ?is w pres5t a difficult task1 s9ce ! emulsion sets into an almo/ insoluble condition4 ,?is emulsion is s made t x does n require to be wa%$4 ,if x is wa%$ x w become spoil$4 ,x is easy to make & easy to use4 ,if x is desir$ t only small %eets ( pap] are to be coat$1 !y may be float$ on ! emulsion1 b 9 ?is case ! pap] mu/ be damp1 :i* is easily accompli%$ by #eci wett+ a %eet ( blott+ pap]1 !n cov]+ ?is ) two dry %eets ( blott+ pap]4 ,place ! %eets to be coat$ ^u ^!1 & place "u pressure dur+ ! night4 ,next day !y w be 9 good condition = float+4 ,:5 ! coat$ pap] is dry x may be pr9t$ & ton$ j ! same z any o!r pr9t+-out pap]1 ) any ton+ ba?1 & fix$ 9 hyposulphite ( soda z usual4 ,ton+ may be c>ri$ to a ri* blue black1 or if n c>ri$ too f> w rema9 a beautiful sepia color4 ,aft] well wa%+ & dry+1 x w be obs]v$ t ! surface corresponds ) t ( a c>bon pr9t2 if ! pap] has be5 ( a some:at absorb5t "*1 ! surface w be entirely mat1 & w give an excell5t too? = color+ or f9i%+ 9 sepia1 black & :ite1 etc4 ,h[ to ,s5sitize ,photographic ,pr9t+ ,pap]s4--,i4--,! old] =m ( pap] is "o 9 :i* ! *emicals are held by album54 ,silv] is said to comb9e ) ?is1 =m+ an album9ate4 ,pictures pr9t$ on ?is w\ld be too %>p 9 _! contra/s1 & consequ5tly 8h>d02 ?is is avoid$ by introduc+ silv] *loride4 ,to prep>e ?is =m ( pap]1 beat #ae ounces ( fre% egg album5 ) #e ounces ( di/ill$ wat]1 dissolve 9 x #cjj gra9s ( ammonium *loride1 set aside = a "t1 & decant or filt]4 ,suitable pap] is coat$ ) ?is solution by float+1 & !n dri$4 ,! pap] is 8s5sitiz$0 by float+ x on a solution ( silv] nitrate 9 di/ill$ wat]1 ab\t #hj gra9s to ! ounce1 ) a drop ( acetic acid4 ,! pap] is dri$ z be=e1 & is !n ready = pr9t+4 ,! s5sitiz+ mu/1 ( c\rse1 be done 9 ! d>k room4 ,! reaction betwe5 ! ammonium *loride pres5t 9 ! album5 coat+ produces a c]ta9 quantity ( silv] *loride1 ! purpose ( :i* is %[n above4 ,( c\rse1 v>iations 9 ! proportions ( ?is +r$i5t w give diff]5t degrees ( s(tness to ! picture4 ,,ii4--,! bromide & *loride pap]s :i* are n[ popul> consi/ ( ! ord9>y photographic pap] s5sitiz$ by means ( a ?9 coat+ ( bromide or *loride emulsion4 ,9 8,photographic ,pr9t+ ,me?ods10 by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,burbank1 ! foll[+ me?od is giv5 = bromide pap]3 ,a4--,gelat9 7s(t7 #db #a_/b gra9s ,bromide ( potassium #bf gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #a ounce ,b4--,nitrate ( silv] #cc #a_/c gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #a ounce ,dissolve ! bromide fir/1 !n add ! gelat9 & dissolve by g5tle heat 7#ie to #ajj ,f474 ,br+ ! silv] solution to ! same temp]ature1 & add 9 a small /ream to ! gelat9 solution1 /irr+ vigor\sly1 ( c\rse 9 non-act9ic light4 ,keep ! mix$ emulsion at a temp]ature ( #aje ,f4 = half an h\r1 or accord+ to ! degree ( s5sitiv5ess requir$1 previ\sly add+ #a drop ( nitric acid to e #e ounces ( ! emulsion4 ,all[ x to set1 squeeze ?r\gh work+ canvas1 & wa% #b h\rs 9 runn+ wat]4 ,9 8 own practice he manages ! wa%+ easily en\gh by break+ ! emulsion up into an e>!n j> fill$ ) cold wat]1 & plac$ 9 ! d>k room s9k4 ,a tall lamp *imney /&+ 9 ! j> imm$iately "u ! tap conducts fre% wat] to ! bottom ( ! j>1 & keeps ! f9ely divid$ emulsion 9 con/ant motion2 a piece ( musl91 laid ov] ! top ( ! j> to prev5t any ( ! emulsion runn+ out1 completes ?is simple1 inexp5sive1 b effici5t wa%+ app>atus4 ,next melt ! emulsion & add "o-t5? ( ! :ole volume ( glyc]9e & alcohol2 ! fir/ to prev5t tr\blesome cockl+ ( ! pap] z x dries1 ! second to prev5t air bubbles & ha/5 dry+4 ,!n filt]4 ,) ! emulsion ! pap] may be coat$ j z x comes f ! /ock deal]1 pla91 or1 bett] /ill1 giv5 a sub/ratum ( insoluble gelat91 made z foll[s3 ,gelat9 #a #c_/e gra9s ,wat] #a ounce ,dissolve & filt]2 !n add #aa drops ( a #a 9 #ej filt]$ *rome alum solution4 ,! pap] is to be float$ = half a m9ute on ?is solution1 avoid+ air bubbles1 & !n hung up to dry 9 a room free f du/4 ,! purpose ( ?is sub/ratum is to secure additional brilliancy 9 ! f9i%$ pr9ts by keep+ ! emulsion isolat$ f ! surface ( ! pap]4 ,! pap] %\ld n[ be cut to ! size desir$4 ,we d n "k ( ^! processes hav+ be5 appli$ to po/al c>ds1 b unless !re is "s sub/ance 9 ! siz+ ( ! c>d :i* w\ld int]f]e1 !re is no reason :y x %\ld n be4 ,( c\rse1 h[ev]1 a novice w n get ! results by us+ x t an exp]i5c$ h& w\ld4 ,f]ro-,prussiate ,pap]4--,! foll[+ anil9e process ( prep>+ s5sitive pap] is employ$ by ! ,prussian & ,hessian railway adm9i/rations4 ,! #edj ord9>y pap] on reels is us$ = ! purpose1 & s5sitiz$ z foll[s3 ,two hundr$ & fifty p>ts1 by weight1 ( p[d]$ potassium bi*romate are dissolv$ 9 wat]2 ! solution %\ld be completely saturat$2 #aj p>ts ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 #aj p>ts ( alcohol 7#ifb71 & #cj p>ts ( phosphoric acid1 are add$ successively1 & ! :ole /irr$ toge!r4 ,! solution is spong$ ov] ! pap]4 ,x is n necess>y to h ! room absolutely d>k1 or to "w by a r$ light1 /ill ! light %\ld be obscur$4 ,! dry+ ( ! pap]1 9 ! same place1 takes ab\t #aj m9utes1 aft] :i* ! trac+ to be reproduc$ & ! pap] are plac$ 9 a frame1 z usual1 & expos$ to daylight4 ,on a sunny day1 an exposure ( #ce seconds is en\gh2 9 cl\dy wea!r1 #fj to #gj seconds2 on a v d>k day1 z mu* z #e m9utes4 ,aft] exposure1 ! pap] is fix$ by susp5d+ x = #bj m9utes ^u a b> 9 a clos$ wood5 box1 on ! bottom ( :i* are laid "s %eets ( blott+ pap]1 spr9kl$ ) #dj drops ( b5z9e & #bj ( crude anil9e oil4 ,! vapors giv5 (f w develop ! design4 ,sev]al impressions may be tak5 at ! same "t4 ,= fix+1 crude anil9e oil is to be us$ 7anil9um purum71 n ref9$ 7purissimum71 = ! reason t ! =m] alone conta9s ! sub/ances necess>y = ! op]ation4 ,! reproduc$ design is plac$ 9 wat] = a few m9utes1 & hung up to dry4 ,pigm5t ,pap] = ,imm$iate ,use4--,pigm5t pap] is usually s5sitiz$ 9 ! bi*romate solution on ! ev5+ be=e x is desir$ = use4 ,if x is n !n us$ x w spoil4 ,by proce$+ z foll[s ! pap] may be us$ )9 a qu>t] ( an h\r aft] treat+ x 9 ! bi*romate ba?4 ,make a solution ( ,ammonium bi*romate #ge gra9s ,wat] #c #a_/b fluid\nces ,sodium c>bonate #ae gra9s ,mix #j4ce ounces ( ?is solution ) #j4g ounces alcohol1 & ) a broad bru% apply to surface ( ! pigm5t pap]1 z ev5ly z possible4 ,dry ?is pap] z quickly z possible 9 a pa/ebo>d box ( suitable size1 #ae m9utes be+ usually long en\gh = ! purpose4 ,x may !n be us$ at once4 ,photograph+ on ,silk4--,*9a silk is ?or\ghly & c>efully wa%$ to free x f dress+1 & !n imm]s$ 9 ! foll[+ solution3 ,sodium *loride #d p>ts ,arr[root #d p>ts ,acetic acid #ae p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ajj p>ts ,dissolve ! arr[root 9 ! wat] by w>m+ g5tly1 !n add ! rema9+ +r$i5ts4 ,dissolve #d p>ts ( tann9 9 #ajj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat] & mix ! solutions4 ,let ! silk rema9 9 ! ba? = #c m9utes1 !n hang x c>efully on a cord /ret*$ across ! room to dry4 ,! s5sitiz+ mixture is z foll[s3 ,silv] nitrate #ij p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #gej p>ts ,nitric acid #a "p ,dissolve4 ,on ! surface ( ?is solution ! silk is to be float$ = #a m9ute1 !n hung up till sup]ficially dry1 !n p9n$ out c>efully on a flat bo>d until completely dry4 ,?is mu/1 ( c\rse1 be done 9 ! d>k room4 ,pr9t1 wa%1 & tone 9 ! usual mann]4 ,,ton+ ,,ba?s ,,= ,,pap]4 ,! *ief compla9ts made aga9/ sep>ate ba?s are 7#a7 ! possibility ( d\ble tones1 & 7#b7 t ! pr9ts sometimes turn yell[ & rema9 s4 ,su* ob/acles may easily be remov$ by ex]cis+ a little c>e4 ,d\ble tones may be prev5t$ by soak+ ! pr9ts 9 a #aj p] c5t solution ( common salt be=e ! prelim9>y wa%+1 & by n t\*+ ! films ) ! f+]s2 & ! second objection c\ld n be rais$ provid$ fre% solution 7 us$1 ) no excess ( sulphocyanide1 if ?is be ! ba? adopt$4 ,a v satisfactory solution may be made z foll[s3 ,sodium phosphate #bj gra9s ,gold *loride #a #a_/b gra9s ,di/ill$ 7or boil$7 wat] #aj ounces ,?is tones v quickly & ev5ly1 & ! pr9t w be1 :5 fix$1 exactly ! color x is :5 remov$ f ! ba?4 ,good *ocolate t9ts may be obta9$1 turn+ to purple gray on prolong$ imm]sion4 ,next to ?is1 z reg>ds ease ( manipulation1 ! tung/ate ba? may be plac$1 ! foll[+ be+ a good =mula3 ,sodium tung/ate #dj gra9s ,gold *loride #b gra9s ,wat] #ab ounces ,! pr9ts %\ld be ton$ a little fur!r ?an requir$1 z !y *ange color1 ?\gh only slightly1 9 ! hypo4 #eda ,provid$ t ord9>y c>e be ex]cis$1 ! sulphocyanide ba? _c well be improv$ ^u4 ,! =mulas giv5 by ! v>i\s mak]s = _! respective pap]s are all satisfactory1 & diff] v little4 ,"o t always acts well is ,ammonium sulphocyanide #bh gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #af ounces ,gold *loride #b #a_/b gra9s ,= ^? :o c>e to try ! v>i\s ba?s1 & to comp>e _! results1 "h is a table %[+ ! quantities ( diff]5t ag5ts t may be us$ ) suffici5t wat] to make up #aj ounces3 ,gold *loride1 #a gr4 to #a oz4 wat] #ab dr4 #af dr4 #af dr4 #aa dr4 #aa dr4 #ad dr4 ,borax #fj gr4 ,sod4 bic>bonate #aj gr4 ,sod4 c>bonate #bj gr4 ,sod4 phosphate #bj gr4 ,sod4 tung/ate #dj gr4 ,amm4 sulphocyanide #ag4e gr4 ,we may take x t any ( ^! sub/ances r$uce gold tri*loride1 ,au,cl#c to ,au,cl2 ?is ,au,cl app>5tly acts z an electrolyte1 f :i* gold is deposit$ on ! silv] ( ! image1 & at ! same "t a small quantity ( silv] comb9es ) ! *lor9e ( ! gold *loride ?us3 ,au,cl ,ag ,ag,cl ,au ,:5 ton+ has be5 complet$1 ! pr9ts are wa%$ & plac$ 9 ! fix+ ba?1 :5 ! sodium ?iosulphate pres5t dissolves any silv] *loride t has n be5 affect$ by light4 ,besides ! well-kn[n1 e-day tones we see1 :i* nev] out/ep ! n>r[ range betwe5 *ocolate br[n & purple1 a practically inf9ite v>iety ( color1 f *alk r$ to black1 may be obta9$ by a little c>eful /udy ( ton+ ba?s in/ead ( reg>d+ !m z m]e unalt]able ma*9es4 ,mo/ *>m+ t9ts are produc$ ) plat9um ba?s1 a good =mula be+ ,/rong nitric acid #e drops ,wat] #d ounces ,*loro-plat9ite ( potassium #a gra9 ,! f9al tone ( a pr9t _c be judg$ f its appe>ance 9 ! ba?1 b "s idea ( x may be got by hold+ x up to ! light & look+ ?r\gh x4 ,a %ort imm]sion gives v>i\s r$s1 :ile prolong$ ton+ gives s(t grays4 ,results v simil> to plat9otype may be obta9$ ) ! foll[+ comb9$ gold & plat9um ba?3 ,a4--,sodium acetate #a dra*m ,wat] #d ounces ,gold *loride #a gra9 ,b4--,*loro-plat9ite ( potassium #a gra9 ,wat] #d ounces ,mix ,a & ,b & neutralize ) nitric acid4 7,! solution w be neutral :5 x j ceases to turn r$ litmus pap] blue47 ,ano!r ton+ ag5t is /ann\s *loride4 ,two or ?ree gra9s ( t9 foil are dissolv$ 9 /rong hydro*loric acid ) ! aid ( heat4 ,! :ole is !n made up to ab\t #d ounces ) wat]4 ,ton+ ,ba?s = ,silv] ,bromide ,pap]4--,! picture1 :i* has be5 expos$ at a di/ance ( #a #a_/b feet = ab\t #h to #aj seconds1 is develop$ 9 ! cu/om>y mann] & fix$ 9 an acid fix+ ba? compos$ ( ,di/ill$ wat] #a1jjj cubic c5timet]s ,hyposulphite ( soda #ajj grams ,sodium sulphite #bj grams ,sulphuric acid #d to #e grams ,fir/ dissolve ! sodium sulphite1 !n add ! sulphuric acid1 & f9ally ! hyposulphite1 & dissolve4 ,blue t9ts are obta9$ by lay+ ! picture 9 a ba? compos$ z foll[s3 ,a4--,uranium nitrate #b grams ,wat] #bjj cubic c5timet]s ,b4--,r$ prussiate ( pota% #b grams ,wat] #bjj cubic c5timet]s ,c4--,ammonia-iron-alum #aj grams ,wat] #ajj cubic c5timet]s ,pure hydro*loric acid #ae cubic c5timet]s ,imm$iately be=e ! ton+1 mix ,solution ,a #bjj cubic c5timet]s ,glacial acetic acid #bj cubic c5timet]s ,solution ,b #bjj cubic c5timet]s ,solution ,c #cj to #dj cubic c5timet]s ,br[n t9ts4 ,use ! foll[+ solutions3 #edb ,a4--,uranium nitrate #ab grams ,wat] #a1jjj cubic c5timet]s ,b4--,r$ prussiate ( pota% #i grams ,wat] #a1jjj cubic c5timet]s ,& mix imm$iately be=e use ,solution ,a #ajj cubic c5timet]s ,solution ,b #ajj cubic c5timet]s ,glacial acetic acid #aj cubic c5timet]s ,pictures ton$ 9 ?is ba? are !n laid into ! foll[+ solution3 ,wat] #a1ejj cubic c5timet]s ,pure hydro*loric acid #e cubic c5timet]s ,citric acid #bj grams ,to ,turn ,bluepr9ts ,br[n4--,a piece ( cau/ic soda ab\t ! size ( a bean is dissolv$ 9 #e ounces ( wat] & ! bluepr9t imm]s$ 9 x1 on :i* x w take on an orange-yell[ color4 ,:5 ! blue has entirely left ! pr9t x %\ld be wa%$ ?or\ghly & imm]s$ 9 a ba? compos$ ( #h ounces ( wat] 9 :i* has be5 dissolv$ a heap+ teaspoonful ( tannic acid4 ,! pr9ts 9 ?is ba? w assume a br[n color t may be c>ri$ to almo/ any tone1 aft] :i* !y mu/ aga9 be ?or\ghly wa%$ & all[$ to dry4 ,,comb9$ ,,ton+ ,,& ,,fix+ ,,ba?s4 ,! comb9$ ton+ & fix+ ba? consi/s ess5tially ( five p>ts--7#a7 wat]1 ! solv5t2 7#b7 a soluble salt ( gold1 su* z gold *loride2 7#c7 ! fix+ ag5t1 sodium ?iosulphate2 7#d7 a comp\nd :i* w readily comb9e ) 8nasc5t0 sulphur--i4 e41 sulphur z x is lib]at$--?is is usually a soluble lead salt1 su* z ! acetate or nitrate1 & 7#e7 an auxili>y1 su* z a sulphocyanide4 ,! simple/ ba? 0 recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,john ,nicol1 & is z foll[s3 ,sodium ?iosulphate #c ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #af ounces ,:5 dissolv$1 add ,gold *loride #d gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #d fluidra*ms ,a ba? :i* conta9s lead is due to ,dr4 ,vogel1 ^: "n alone is suffici5t to w>rant confid5ce 9 ! =mula3 ,sodium ?iosulphate #g ounces ,ammonium sulphocyanide #a ounce ,lead acetate #fg gra9s ,alum #a ounce ,gold *loride #ab gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #ce fluid\nces ,a ba? :i* conta9s no lead is "o :i* has produc$ excell5t results & is due to ! exp]im5tal rese>* ( ,dr4 ,liesegang4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,ammonium sulphocyanide #a_/d ounce ,sodium *loride #a ounce ,alum #a_/b ounce ,sodium ?iosulphate #d ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #bd fluid\nces ,all[ ?is solution to /& = #bd h\rs1 dur+ :i* "t ! precipitat$ sulphur s9ks to ! bottom ( ! vessel2 decant or filt]1 & add ,gold *loride #h gra9s ,di/ill$ wat] #a fluid\nce ,x is curi\s t1 ) ! two ba?s la/ describ$1 ! addition to !m ( "s old1 exhau/$ solution makes !m "w all ! bett]4 ,,enl>gem5ts4 ,,times ,,( ,,enl>gem5t ,,& ,,r$uction ,focus ( #a in* #b in*es#c in*es#d in*es#e in*es#f in*es#g in*es#h in*es ,l5s4 ,94 #b #d #f #h #aj #ab #ad #af #ah #d #c #b #b_/c #b #a_/b #b #b_/e #b #a_/c #b #b_/g #b #a_/d #b #a_/b #e #g #a_/b #aj #ab #a_/b #ae #ag #a_/b #bj #bb #a_/b #e #c #c_/d #c #a_/c #c #a_/h #c #b #i_/aj #b #f_/g #b #c_/af #c #f #i #ab #ae #ah #ba #bd #bg #f #d #a_/b #d #c #c_/d #c #c_/e #c #a_/b #c #c_/g #c #c_/h #c #a_/b #g #aj #a_/b #ad #ag #a_/b #ba #bd #a_/b #bh #ca #a_/b #g #e #a_/d #d #b_/c #d #c_/d #d #a_/e #d #a_/ab #d #c #i_/aj #d #h #ab #af #bj #bd #bh #cb #cf #h #f #e #a_/c #e #d #d_/e #d #b_/c #d #d_/g #d #a_/b #d #a_/b #i #ac #a_/b #ah #bb #a_/b #bg #ca #a_/b #cf #dj #a_/b #i #f #c_/d #f #e #c_/e #e #b_/e #e #a_/d #e #a_/g #e #a_/af #e #aj #ae #bj #be #cj #ce #dj #de #aj #g #a_/b #f #b_/c #f #a_/d #f #e #e_/f #e #e_/g #e #e_/h #e #a_/b #aa #af #a_/b #bb #bg #a_/b #cc #ch #a_/b #dd #di #a_/b #aa #h #a_/d #g #a_/c #f #d_/e #f #a_/b #f #e_/ab #f #b_/g #f #c_/af #f #ab #ah #bd #cj #cf #db #dh #ed #ab #i #h #g #a_/b #g #a_/e #g #f #f_/g #f #c_/d #g #ad #ba #bh #ce #db #di #ef #fc #ad #aj #a_/b #i #a_/c #h #c_/d #h #b_/e #h #a_/f #h #g #g_/h #h #af #bd #cb #dj #dh #ef #fd #gb #af #ab #aj #b_/c #aj #i #c_/e #i #a_/c #i #a_/g #i #i #ah #bg #cf #de #ed #fc #gb #ha #ah #ac #a_/b #ab #aa #a_/d #aj #d_/e #aj #a_/b #aj #b_/g #aj #a_/h #edc ,! object ( ?is table is to enable any manipulator :o is ab\t to enl>ge 7or r$uce7 a copy any giv5 numb] ( times to d s )\t tr\blesome calculation4 ,x is assum$ t ! photograph] kn[s exactly :at ! focus ( 8 l5s is1 & t he is able to measure accurately f its optical c5t]4 ,! use ( ! table w be se5 f ! foll[+ illu/ration3 ,a photograph] has a c>te to enl>ge to f\r times its size1 & ! l5s he int5ds employ+ is "o ( #f in*es equival5t focus4 ,he mu/ !re=e look = #d on ! upp] horizontal l9e & = #f 9 ! fir/ v]tical column1 & c>ry 8 eye to :]e ^! two jo91 :i* w be at #cj-g #a_/b4 ,! great] ( ^! is ! di/ance ! s5sitive plate mu/ be f ! c5t] ( ! l5s2 & ! less]1 ! di/ance ( ! picture to be copi$4 ,to r$uce a picture any giv5 numb] ( times1 ! same me?od mu/ be foll[$2 b 9 ?is case ! great] numb] w repres5t ! di/ance betwe5 ! l5s & ! picture to be copi$1 ! latt] t betwe5 ! l5s & ! s5sitive plate4 ,?is explanation w be suffici5t = e case ( enl>gem5t or r$uction4 ,if ! focus ( ! l5s be #ab in*es1 z ?is numb] is n 9 ! column ( focal l5g?s1 look out = #f 9 ?is column & multiply by #b1 & s on ) any o!r numb]s4 ,to make a good enl>gem5t five po9ts %\ld be kept con/antly 9 view1 viz43 #a4 ,mo/ c>eful treatm5t ( ! orig9al negative4 #b4 ,mak+ a diapositive complete 9 all its p>ts4 #c4 ,scrupul\s consid]ation ( ! size ( ! enl>gem5t4 #d4 ,correct exposure dur+ ! process ( enl>gem5t4 #e4 ,! mo/ m9ute att5tion to ! details ( developm5t1 includ+ ! *emical treatm5t ( ! enl>g$ negative4 ,! orig9al negative %\ld n be too d5se1 nor1 on ! contr>y1 %\ld x be too ?94 ,if necess>y1 x %\ld be wa%$ (f1 or /r5g!n$1 z ! case may be4 ,too /rong a negative is usually weak5$ ) ammonium p]sulphate1 or ! fix+ hypo solution is q suffici5t4 ,all spots1 po9ts1 etc41 %\ld be ret\*$ ) ! p5cil & c>m9e4 ,! diapositive %\ld be produc$ by contact 9 ! copy+ app>atus4 ,a bord] ( black pap] %\ld be us$ to prev5t ! entry ( light f ! side4 ,! correct p]iod ( exposure dep5ds ^u ! ?ickness ( ! negative1 ! s\rce ( ! light1 its di/ance1 etc4 ,"h !re is no rule1 exp]i5ce alone mu/ tea*4 ,= develop+ "o %\ld use n too /rong a develop]4 ,! metol-soda develop] is well suit$ to ?is "w1 z x gives especially s(t lights & half tones4 ,avoid too %ort a developm5t4 ,:5 ! f+] laid beh9d ! ?icke/ spot1 & held t[>d ! light1 c no long] be detect$1 ! negative is d5se en\gh4 ,! d5s] negatives %\ld be expos$ long]1 & ! developm5t %\ld be quick1 :ile ) ?91 light negatives ! rev]se is true2 ! exposure %\ld be brief] & ! developm5t long1 us+ a /rong develop]1 & if necess>y ) an addition ( potassium bromide4 ,! silv] *loro-bromide diapositive plates1 f\nd 9 ! %ops1 are totally unsuit$ = enl>gem5ts1 z !y give ov]done1 h>d pictures4 ,to produce good arti/ic results 9 enl>g+1 ! diapositive %\ld be kept s(t1 ev5 some:at too ?94 ,x %\ld und]go1 also1 a ?or\gh ret\*+4 ,all improvem5ts are easily c>ri$ out on ! small] positive or negative pictures4 ,lat] on1 aft] ! same h be5 enl>g$1 corrections are mu* m difficult & tr\blesome4 ,,v>ni%es3 ,cold ,v>ni%4-- ,i4--,pyroxyl9 #aj gra9s ,amyl alcohol #a ounce ,amyl acetate #a ounce ,all[ to /&1 %ak+ frequ5tly till dissolv$4 ,label3 ,! negative %\ld be ?or\ghly dri$ be=e ?is solution is appli$1 :i* may be done ei!r by fl[+ x ov] ! solution or ) a flat bru%4 ,! negative %\ld be plac$ 9 a w>m place = at lea/ #ab h\rs to ?or\ghly dry4 ,,ii4--,japanese gold size #a "p ,b5zol #a "p ,label3 ,9 apply+ ?is v>ni% great c>e %\ld be tak5 n to use x ne> a light or op5 fire4 ,x c be fl[$ ov] or bru%$ on ! negative4 ,black ,v>ni%4-- ,brunswick black #a #a_/b ounces ,b5zol #a ounce ,label3 ,! v>ni% %\ld be appli$ ) a bru%1 c>e be+ tak5 n to use x ne> a light or op5 fire4 #edd ,dead ,black ,v>ni%4-- ,borax #cj gra9s ,%ellac #fj gra9s ,glyc]9e #cj m9ims ,wat] #b ounces ,boil till dissolv$1 filt]1 & add anil9e black1 #abj gra9s4 ,label3 ,apply ! solution ) a bru%1 & repeat :5 dry if necess>y4 ,ord9>y ,negative ,v>ni%4-- ,gum s&>ac #a ounce ,orange %ellac #a_/b ounce ,ca/or oil #ij m9ims ,me?yl alcohol #a p9t ,all[ to /& ) occasional agitation till dissolv$1 & !n filt]4 ,label3 ,! negative %\ld be heat$ be=e a fire till x c be com=tably borne on ! back ( ! h&1 & !n ! v>ni% fl[$ ov]1 any excess be+ dra9$ (f1 & ! negative %\ld !n be aga9 plac$ ne> ! fire to dry4 ,wat] ,v>ni%4--,x is n only 9 connection ) its application to a wet collodion film t wat] v>ni% =ms a valuable addition to ! /ock ( *emicals 9 all-r\nd photography2 x is almo/ invaluable 9 ! case ( gelat9 z ) wet collodion films4 ,9 ! case ( gelat9 negatives ! wat] v>ni% is appli$ 9 ! %ape ( a wa% directly aft] ! negatives h be5 wa%$ to free _! films f all traces ( hypo1 or 9 o!r words1 at t /age :5 ! usual dry+ op]ation w\ld beg94 ,aft] ! v>ni% has be5 appli$ ! films are dri$ 9 ! usual mann]1 & its application w soon conv9ce anyone t has exp]i5c$ ! difficulty ( ret\*+ by reason ( ! want ( a too? 9 ! film to make a lead-p5cil bite1 z ! say+ goes1 t 7 ?is ! only b5efit accru+ f its application x is well wor?y ( be+ employ$4 ,! use ( wat] v>ni%1 h[ev]1 does away ) ! necessity ( employ+ collodion z an additional protection to a negative1 & is1 p]haps1 ! be/ kn[n rem$y aga9/ damage f silv] /a9+ t exp]i5c$ work]s are acqua9t$ )4 ,z a v>ni% x is n co/ly1 nei!r is x difficult to make 9 reasonably small quantities1 :ile its application is simplicity itself4 ,! foll[+ =mula is an excell5t sample ( wat] v>ni%3 ,place 9 a clean1 enamel$ pan #a p9t ( wat]1 into :i* ins]t #d ounces ( %ellac 9 ?9 flakes1 & place ! vessel on a fire or gas /ove until ! wat] is rais$ to #bab ,f4 ,:5 ?is temp]ature is rea*$ a few drops ( hot1 saturat$ solution ( borax is dropp$ into ! boil+ pan conta9+ ! %ellac & wat]1 tak+ c>e to /ir vigor\sly ) a long /rip ( glass until ! %ellac is all dissolv$4 ,too mu* borax %\ld n be add$1 only j suffici5t to cause ! %ellac to dissolve1 & x is bett] to /op %ort1 if any?+1 be=e all ! flakes dissolve out ?an to add too mu* borax4 ,! solution is !n filt]$ c>efully &1 :5 cold1 ! wat] v>ni% is ready = use4 ,,fad$ ,,photographs ,,& ,,_! ,,treatm5t3 ,re/or+ ,fad$ ,photographs4--,i4--,z a precaution aga9/ a disa/] fir/ copy ! old pr9t 9 ! same size4 ,soak ! fad$ photograph = sev]al h\rs 9 clean wat] &1 aft] sep>at+ pr9t f m\nt1 imm]se ! =m] 9 nitric acid1 highly dilute 7#a p] c5t71 = a few m9utes4 ,!n ! pr9t is kept 9 a m]cury int5sifi] 7m]curic *loride1 #a_/b ounce2 common salt1 #a_/b ounce2 hot wat]1 #af ounces1 us$ cold71 until blea*$ z mu* z possible4 ,aft] half an h\r's r9s+1 a v weak ammonia solution w re/ore ! photograph1 ) increas$ vigor1 ! upp] tones be+ mu* improv$1 ?\gh ! %ad[s w %[ "s t5d5cy to clog4 ,! net result w be a decid$ improvem5t 9 appe>ance2 b1 at ?is /age1 any simil>ly re/or$ photographs %\ld be recopi$ if _! importance w>rants x1 z m]cury int5sifi] results are n p]man5t4 ,x may be sugge/$ t m]ely rephotograph+ & pr9t+ 9 plat9otype w probably answ]4 ,,ii4--,c>efully remove ! picture f its m\nt1 & put x 9 a solution ( ! foll[+ composition3 ,by weight ,hydro*loric acid #b p>ts ,sodium *loride #h p>ts ,potassium bi*romate #h p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #bej p>ts ,! fluid blea*es ! picture1 b photographs t h be5 ton$ ) gold d n q vani%4 ,r9se ) pl5ty ( wat]1 & develop aga9 ) v dilute alkal9e develop]4 ,,m\ntants3 ,see also ,adhesives4 ,i4--,if buckl+ ( ! m\nt is to be cur$1 ! pr9ts mu/ be m\nt$ 9 a dry /ate1 & ! film ( m\ntant borne by ! pr9t mu/ be j suffici5t to atta* x firmly to ! m\nt & no m4 ,! great virtue ( ! me?od #ede "h describ$ consi/s ( ! m>vel\sly ?9 film ( t5aci\s m\ntant appli$ to ! pr9t 9 its dry condition1 %r9kage by ?is means be+ entirely obviat$4 ,a draw+ bo>d ) a p]fectly smoo? surface & ( fair dim5sions1 an ivory or bone burni%] atta*$ to a %ort h&le1 ) "s common glue1 are ! pr9cipal requisites4 ,take1 say1 a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( ! glue brok5 into small pieces & cov] x ) wat] 9 a clean gallipot1 l>ge en\gh to all[ = ! subsequ5t swell+ ( ! glue4 ,place on "o side until ! glue has become ?or\ghly p]meat$ by ! wat]1 !n p\r (f ! excess & dissolve ! glue 9 ! wat] x has absorb$1 by plac+ ! gallipot 9 a vessel ( hot wat]4 ,! solution te/$ ) a piece ( blue litmus pap] w %[ a di/9ctly acid reaction1 :i* mu/ be c>efully neutraliz$ by add+ "s solution ( c>bonate ( soda4 ,! am\nt ( wat] absorb$ by ! glue w probably be too little to give x ! be/ work+ consi/5cy1 &1 if ?is is ! case1 suffici5t %\ld be add$ to make x ab\t ! ?ickness ( ord9>y molasses4 ,c>eful filtration ?r\gh a cambric h&k]*ief1 & ! addition ( ab\t #aj gra9s ( ?ymol1 completes ! prep>ation ( ! m\nt+ solution4 ,z glue det]iorates by frequ5t & prolong$ heat+1 x is pref]able to make up a /ock solution1 f :i* suffici5t = ! "w 9 h& c be tak5 9 ! =m ( jelly1 melt$1 & us$ up at once4 ,! f9i%$ pr9ts1 dri$ & trimm$ to ! requir$ size1 are plac$ on ! bo>ds !y are to occupy :5 m\nt$1 &1 z x is impossible to remove a pr9t = readju/m5t once x is laid d[n = f9al m\nt+1 ! wise/ c\rse is to indicate by fa9t p5cil m>ks on ! m\nt ! exact position ! pr9t is to occupy2 !n x may be laid d[n accurately & )\t any indecision4 ,a small gas or oil /ove is requir$ on ! m\nt+ table to keep ! glue liquid1 b ma9ta9+ ! solution 9 a con/ant /ate ( ebullition ?r\gh\t ! op]ation is unnecess>y & h>mful to ! glue2 ! flame %\ld be regulat$ s t ! m\ntant is kept j at ! melt+ po9t4 ,place ! draw+ bo>d beside ! gas /ove & ) a h\se-pa9t]'s bru% ( good quality & size spread ! glue ov] an area consid]ably exce$+ ! dim5sions ( ! pr9t to be m\nt$4 ,a ?9 coat+ ( glue ev5ly appli$ to ! bo>d is ! end to aim at1 to accompli% :i* ! bru% %\ld be work$ 9 horizontal /rokes1 cross+ ^! ) o!rs at "r angles4 ,h at h& a small pile ( pap] cut into pieces some:at l>g] ?an ! pr9t to be m\nt$ 7old newspap] answ]s admirably = ^! pieces71 lay "o d[n on ! glu$ pat* & press x well into contact by pass+ ! clos$ h& across x 9 all directions4 ,raise "o corn] ( ! pap]1 & sl[ly b firmly /rip x f ! bo>d4 ,repeat ! op]ations ( glu+ ! bo>d 79 ! same place7 & /ripp+ ! newspap] #b or #c times1 :5 a beautifully ev5 cu%ion ( glue w rema9 on ! bo>d4 ,m\nt+ ! pr9ts is ! next /ep4 ,! cu%ion ( glue obta9$ on ! bo>d has to be coat$ ) glue =1 say1 e second pr9t1 b ! am\nt appli$ mu/ be z small z possible4 ,aft] apply+ ! glue ! pr9t is laid d[n ^u x1 a squ>e ( ! wa/e newspap] laid ov] ! pr9t1 :i* has !n to be rubb$ well into contact ) ! glue4 ,raise a corn] ( ! pr9t ) ! po9t ( a p5knife & /rip x f ! bo>d1 z 9 ! case ( ! newspap]4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 :5 h&l+ ! pr9t 9 its glu$ condition to keep ! f+]s well beyond ! edges ( ! pr9t1 9 ord] t no glue may be ab/ract$ f ! edges4 ,lay ! pr9t quickly d[n ^u its m\nt2 ) a clean1 s(t l95 du/] smoo? x ev]y:]e into contact1 place ^u x a squ>e ( photographic dry+ bo>d1 & ) ! bone burni%] g ov] x 9 all directions1 us+ consid]able pressure4 ,! f9i%$ result is a m\nt$ pr9t t %[s no signs ( buckl+1 & :i* adh]es to ! m\nt ) p]fect t5acity4 ,,ii4--,gelat9 #b p>ts ,wat] #d p>ts ,alcohol #h p>ts ,! alcohol is add$ sl[ly z soon z ! gelat9 is well dissolv$ 9 ! wat]1 & ! vessel turn$ cont9ually to obta9 a homog5e\s mixture4 ,! solution mu/ be kept hot dur+ ! op]ation on a wat] ba?1 & %\ld be appli$ quickly1 z x soon dries2 ! pr9t mu/ be plac$ exactly ! fir/ "t1 z x adh]es at once4 ,! solution keeps = a long "t 9 well-cork$ bottles4 ,,transp>5t ,,photographs3 ,i4--,! foll[+ mixture may be employ$ at #agf ,f41 to r5d] photographs transp>5t4 ,x consi/s ( #d p>ts p>aff9e & #a "p l9se$ oil4 ,aft] imm]sion ! photographs are at once #edf dri$ betwe5 blott+ pap]4 ,= fa/5+ ^! photographs to glass1 glue or gelat9 solution alone _c be employ$4 ,?is is possible only :5 "o-f\r? ( its weight ( sug> has be5 add$ to ! glue be=e dissolv+4 ,! glasses = apply+ ! photographs mu/ be p]fect1 because ! slighte/ defects are visible aft]w>ds4 ,,ii4--,if on album5 pap]1 soak ! pr9t ov]night 9 a mixture ( #h ounces ( ca/or oil & #a ounce ( ,canada balsam4 ,pla9 pap] requires a mu* %ort] "t4 ,:5 ! pr9t is ?or\ghly soak$1 take x f ! oil1 dra9 well1 & lay x on ! glass face d[nw>d1 & squeeze till all is driv5 out & ! pr9t adh]es4 ,if a curv$ glass is us$1 prep>e a squeegee ) edge p>allel ) ! curvature ( ! glass4 ,x w take sev]al h\rs be=e ! pr9t is dry en\gh to apply color to x4 ,,! ,,gum - ,,bi*romate ,,photo-,,pr9t+ ,,process4 ,gum bi*romate is n a univ]sal pr9t+ me?od4 ,x is n suit$ = all subjects or = all negatives1 b :]e !re is simplicity & bread? 9 sizes ( #h #a_/b x #f #a_/b & upw>d1 direct or enl>g$ pr9ts by x h a *>m altoge!r _! own1 & af=d an opportunity = individuality great] ?an any o!r me?od4 ,:ile almo/ any k9d ( pap] w d1 !re are c]ta9 qualities t ! beg9n] at lea/ %\ld endeavor to secure4 ,x %\ld be t\gh en\gh to /& ! necess>y h&l+1 :i* is consid]ably m ?an 9 ei!r ! pr9t+-out or develop+ me?ods4 ,x mu/ n be s h>d or smoo? z to make coat+ difficult1 nor s por\s z to absorb or let ! coat+ s9k 9 too mu*2 b a few trials w %[ j :at surface is be/4 ,till t exp]i5ce is acquir$ x may be said t mo/ ( ,:atman's or ,mi*allet's draw+ pap]s1 to be _h at any arti/'s mat]ials /ore1 w be f\nd all t c be desir$2 or1 fail+ ^!1 ! siz+ ( almo/ any good pap] w make x almo/ z suitable4 ,= siz+1 a weak solution ( gelat9 is g5]ally employ$1 b arr[root is bett]2 half an ounce to a p9t ( wat]4 ,x %\ld be beat5 into a cream ) a little ( ! wat]1 ! re/ add$1 & br\ght to ! boil4 ,:5 cold x may be appli$ ) a sponge or tuft ( cotton1 go+ sev]al times1 fir/ 9 "o direction & !n 9 ! o!r1 & x saves a little future tr\ble to p5cil m>k ! non-siz$ side4 ,! quality ( ! gum is ( less importance ?an is g5]ally suppos$1 s long z x is ! g5u9e gum arabic1 & 9 r\nd1 clean 8te>s40 ,to make ! solution select an #h-ounce1 wide-m\!d bottle1 ( ! tall r ?an ! squat v>iety1 & place 9 x #f ounces ( wat]4 ,two ounces ( ! gum are !n ti$ loosely 9 a piece ( ?9 musl9 & susp5d$ 9 ! bottle s z to be ab\t two-?irds cov]$ by ! wat]4 ,solution beg9s at once1 z may be se5 by ! heavi] liquid desc5d+1 & if kept at ! ord9>y temp]ature ( ! room may n be complete = #bd or ev5 #dh h\rs2 b ! keep+ qualities ( ! solution w be great] ?an if ! "t _h be5 %ort5$ by heat4 ,:5 all t w has be5 dissolv$1 !re w /ill be a quantity ( gelat9\s matt] 9 ! musl91 b on no acc\nt mu/ x be squeez$ out1 z ! semi-soluble matt] ?us add$ to ! solution w\ld be injuri\s4 ,) ! addition ( a few drops ( c>bolic acid & a good cork ! gum solution w keep = mon?s4 ,! selection ( ! pigm5ts is n su* a s]i\s matt] z "s ( ! writ]s w\ld lead u to believe4 ,tube wat] colors are conv5i5t & save ! tr\ble ( gr9d+1 b ! *eap colors 9 p[d] take a bett] grip & give ri*] images4 ,! be/ pr9ts are made ) mixtures ( common lampblack1 r$ o*]1 si5na1 umb]1 & ,v&yke br[n1 ! only objection to _! employm5t be+ ! necessity ( r c>efully gr9d+4 ,?is may be done ) a /iffi% spatula & a %eet ( f9ely gr\nd glass1 ! p[d] mix$ ) a little gum solution & rubb$ ) ! spatula till smoo?1 b bett] /ill is a glass pap] weight 9 ! %ape ( a cone ) a base ( ab\t #a #a_/b in*es 9 diamet]1 b\ght 9 ! /ation]'s = #be c5ts4 ,! s5sitiz] is a #aj p] c5t solution ( potassium bi*romate1 & :atev] be ! pigm5t or :atev] ! me?od ( prep>+ ! coat+1 x may be useful to keep 9 m9d t ! "r /r5g? or proportion1 or at lea/ a /r5g? ( coat+ t answ]s v well1 is equal p>ts ( t & ! gum solution4 ,9 prep>+ ! coat+ measure ! gum solution 9 a cup f a toy tea set t holds exactly #a ounce1 x be+ easi] to get x all out ( ?is ?an out ( a conical graduate4 ,f #bj to #cj gra9s ( ! color or mixture ( colors 9 p[d] is plac$ on ! slab--! gr\nd surface ( an 8opal0 answ]s well--& en\gh ( ! gum add$ to moi/5 x1 & "w ! pap] weight 8mull]10 aid$ by ! #edg spatula1 z long z any gritt9ess rema9s1 or till x is p]fectly smoo?1 add+ m & m gum till x is l a ?ick cream4 ,x is !n transf]r$ to a squat teacup & #a ounce ( ! bi*romate solution gradually add$1 work+ x 9 ) "o ( ! bru%es to p]fect homog5eity4 ,( c\rse1 x w be und]/ood t ?is mixture %\ld be us$ all at once1 or r only z mu* z is to be us$ at once %\ld be made1 z not)/&+ :at has be5 said to ! contr>y1 x w n keep4 ,aft] ea* op]ation1 bo? or all ( ! bru%es %\ld be ?or\ghly clean$ be=e putt+ !m away4 ,n ! lea/ important are ! bru%es2 "o ab\t #b in*es wide & s(t = lay+ on ! coat+1 ! o!r1 unless = small "w1 twice t bread? & ( :at is kn[n z 8badg]0 or a good imitation !re(1 = s(t5+4 ,! pap] c be b\ght 9 %eets ( ab\t #ag x #bb in*es4 ,cut ^! 9 two1 coat+ pieces ( ab\t #ag x #aa4 ,! %eet is fa/5$ to a draw+ bo>d by draw+ p9s1 "o at ea* corn]4 ,! coat+ bru%--( camel's hair1 b x is said t hog's is bett]--is fill$ ) ! creamy mixture1 :i* has be5 transf]r$ to a sauc] z m conv5i5t1 & ) ev5 /rokes1 fir/ "o way & !n ! o!r1 drawn all ov] ! pap]4 ,x is easi] to d ?an to describe1 b all ?ree jo9ts1 wri/1 elb[1 & %\ld] take "p1 & unless ! surface ( ! pap] is too smoo?1 !re is really no difficulty to speak (4 ,by ! "t ! :ole surface has be5 cov]$ ! pap] w h exp&$ to an ext5t t makes x necess>y to remove ?ree ( ! p9s & tight5 x1 & !n comes ! mo/ important & ! only really difficult "p ( ! "w1 ! s(t5+4 ,! s(t5] is held exactly z "o holds ! p5 9 writ+1 & ! motion conf9$ altoge!r to ! wri/1 br++ only ! po9ts ( ! hair 9 contact ) ! coat+1 m l /ippl+ ?an pa9t+4 ,if mu* ( ! coat+ has be5 laid on1 & too mu* is less ( an evil ?an too little1 ! s(t5] w soon h tak5 up s mu* z to require wa%+4 ,?is is done at ! tap1 dry+ on a s(t clo?1 & repeat ! op]ation1 ! /rokes or t\*es gradually becom+ light] & light]1 till ! surface is z smoo? & free f m>k+s z if x _h be5 float$4 ,j h[ ?ick ! coat+ %\ld be is mo/ easily le>n$ by exp]i5ce1 b z1 unlike ord9>y c>bon1 developm5t beg9s f ! expos$ surface1 x mu/ be z deep2 t is1 z d>k on ! pap] z ! deepe/ %ad[ on ! int5d$ pr9t1 & x %\ld n be deep]4 ,:ile x is true t ! bi*romate colloid is n s5sitive :ile wet1 ! coat+ is be/ done 9 subdu$ light1 inde$1 g5]ally at night4 ,hang ! %eets to dry 9 ! d>k room4 ,exposure %\ld be made ) "s =m ( act9o-met]4 ,developm5t may be conduct$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & is modifi$ accord+ to ! ext5t ( ! exposure4 ,float ! expos$ %eet on wat] at ! ord9>y temp]ature f ! tap4 ,! exposure %\ld admit ( complete1 or ne>ly complete1 developm5t 9 t position 9 f #e to #aj m9utes2 al?\gh x %\ld n g5]ally be all[$ to g s f>4 ,by turn+ up a corn] f "t to "t "o may see h[ x goes1 & at ! suitable /age dep5d+ on :at "o really wants to d1 ! o!rwise pla9 outcome ( ! negative is modifi$1 g5tly )drawn f ! wat]1 & p9n$ up to dry4 ,! modify+ op]ation may be done at once1 :]e ! exposure has be5 long en\gh to admit x1 b g5]ally1 & especially :5 x has be5 su* z to admit ( ! be/ result1 ! image is too s(t1 too easily wa%$ (f to make x safe4 ,b aft] hav+ be5 dri$ & aga9 moi/5$ by imm]sion 9 wat]1 ! desir$ modification may be made ) safety4 ,! moi/5$ pr9t is n[ plac$ on a %eet ( glass1 ! l[] end ( :i* re/s on ! bottom ( ! develop+ tray1 & support$ by ! left h& at a suitable angle2 or1 bett] /ill1 9 "s o!r way s z to leave bo? h&s free4 ,9 ?is position1 & ) wat] at v>i\s temp]atures1 camel's-hair bru%es ( v>i\s sizes1 & a rubb] syr+e1 x is possible to d practically any?+4 ,,tables ,,& ,,scales3 ,comp>ative ,exposures ( ,v>i\s ,subjects4-- ,seconds ,op5 panorama1 ) fields & trees #a ,sn[1 ice1 m>9e views #a ,panorama1 ) h\ses1 etc4 #b ,banks ( riv]s #c ,gr\ps & portraits 9 op5 air 7diffus$ light7 #f ,und]nea? op5 trees #f ,gr\ps "u cov] #aj ,b5ea? d5se trees #aj ,rav9es1 excavations #aj ,portraits 9 light int]iors #aj ,portraits tak5 #d feet f a w9d[1 indoors1 diffus$ light #cj #edh ,,table ,,%[+ ,,displacem5t ,,on ,,gr\nd ,,glass ,,( ,,objects ,,9 ,,motion ,by ,h5ry ,l4 ,tolman ,f ! ,photographic ,times ,l5s #f-;in* ,equival5t ,focus1 ,gr\nd ,glass at ,pr9cipal ,focus ( ,l5s ,miles ,feet ,di/ance on ,same ,same p] p] ,second4 ,gr\nd ,glass1 ) ) ,h\r4 9 in*es1 ) ,object ,object ,object #cj ,feet #fj ,feet #abj ,feet away4 away4 away4 #a #a #a_/b 4#bi 4#ae 4#jgc #b #c 4#ei 4#bi 4#adg #c #d #a_/b 4#hh 4#da 4#bbj #d #f #a4ag 4#ei 4#bic #e #g #a_/b #a4dg 4#gc 4#cfg #f #i #a4gf 4#hh 4#ddj #g #aj #a_/b #b4je #a4jc 4#eac #h #ab #b4ce #a4ag 4#ehg #i #ac #b4fd #a4cb 4#ffj #aj #ad #a_/b #b4ic #a4dg 4#gcc #aa #af #c4bc #a4fa 4#hjg #ab #ag #a_/b #c4eb #a4gf 4#hhj #ac #ai #c4ha #a4ia 4#iec #ad #bj #a_/b #d4aa #b4je #a4jbg #ae #bb #d4dj #b4bj #a4ajj #bj #bi #e4hg #b4ic #a4dfg #be #cg #g4cc #c4fg #a4hcc #cj #dd #h4hj #d4dj #b4bjj #ce #ea #aj4bg #e4ac #b4efg #dj #ei #aa4gc #e4ig #b4icc ,w4 ,d4 ,kilbey1 9 ! ,am]ican ,annual ( ,photography1 gives /ill ano!r table = ! exposure t %\ld be giv5 to objects 9 motion4 ,accord+ to 8 me?od ! table is made out = a di/ance f ! cam]a #ajj times t ( ! focus ( ! l5s2 t is1 = a #f-;in* focus l5s at #ej feet1 a #g-;in* at #eh feet1 an #h-;in* at #fg feet1 a #i-;in* at #ge feet1 or a #ab-;in* at #ajj feet4 ,t[>d ,at ,"r ! ,angles to ,cam]a4 ! ,cam]a4 ,man walk+ sl[ly1 /reet sc5es #a_/ae sec4 #a_/de sec4 ,cattle graz+ #a_/ae sec4 #a_/de sec4 ,boat+ #a_/bj sec4 #a_/fj sec4 ,man walk+1 *ildr5 play+1 etc4 #a_/dj sec4 #a_/abj sec4 ,pony & trap1 trott+ #a_/ajj sec4 #a_/cjj sec4 ,cycl+1 ord9>y #a_/ajj sec4 #a_/cjj sec4 ,man runn+ a race & jump+ #a_/aej sec4 #a_/dej sec4 ,cycle rac+ #a_/bjj sec4 #a_/fjj sec4 ,horses gallop+ #a_/bjj sec4 #a_/fjj sec4 ,if ! object is twice ! di/ance1 ! l5g? ( all[able exposure is d\bl$1 & vice v]sa4 ,to ,r$uce ,photographs4--,:5 "o wi%es to copy a draw+ or photograph he is usually at a loss to "k h[ high ! plate w be :5 any p>ticul> base is select$4 ,a plan :i* has ! m]it ( be+ simple & reliable has be5 9 use 9 engrav]s' (fices = ye>s4 ,"h are ! details3 ,illu/ration3 ,r$uc+ ,scale = ,copy+ ,photographs4 ,turn ! draw+ face d[n & rule a diagonal l9e f ! left bottom to ! "r top corn]4 ,!n measure f ! left1 on ! bottom l9e1 ! wid? requir$4 ,rule a v]tical l9e f t po9t until x meets ! diagonal4 ,rule f t po9t to ! left1 & ! result+ figure w h ! exact proportions ( ! r$uction4 ,if ! dep? want$ is kn[n1 & ! wid? is requir$1 ! =m] %\ld be measur$ on ! left upright l9e1 c>ri$ to ! diagonal1 & !nce to ! l[] horizon4 ,! accompany+ diagram expla9s ! matt] simply4 ,,color ,,photography3 ,a ,?ree-,color ,process4--,prep>e #g solutions1 #d ( :i* are us$ = color scre5s1 ! rema9+ #c s]v+ z dyes = ! plates4 ,a4--,scre5 ,solutions4-- ,blue violet4 ,by weight ,me?yl5e blue #e p>ts ,tetrae?yldiamidooxytriph5yl c>b9ol #b p>ts ,or3 ,by weight ,me?yl violet #e p>ts ,alcohol #bjj p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #cjj p>ts ,gre54 ,by weight ,mala*ite gre5 #aj p>ts ,alcohol #bjj p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #cjj p>ts #edi ,yell[4 ,by weight ,acrid9 yell[ ,n4 ,o4 #aj p>ts ,alcohol #bjj p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #cjj p>ts ,r$4 ,by weight ,congo rub9 #aj p>ts ,alcohol #bjj p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #cjj p>ts ,b4--,dyes 7,/ock ,solutions74-- ,by weight ,i4--,acrid9 yell[ or acrid9 orange1 ,n4 ,o4 #a "p ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #djj p>ts ,by weight ,,ii4--,congo rub9 #a "p ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #djj p>ts ,by weight ,,iii4--,tetrae?yldiamidooxytriph5yl c>b9ol #a "p ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #djj p>ts ,! scre5 solutions1 aft] be+ filt]$ ?r\gh pap] filt]s into clean di%es1 are utiliz$ to ba! #f clean glass plates previ\sly coat$ ) #b p] c5t raw collodion2 we require #a plate = blue violet1 #b plates = r$1 #b plates = yell[1 & #a plate = gre51 :i* 9 ord] to obta9 ! scre5s are comb9$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,yell[ & r$ plate1 yell[ & gre5 plate4 ,= special purposes ! o!r r$ plate may be comb9$ ) ! blue violet4 ,ano!r me?od ( prep>+ ! scre5s is to add ! saturat$ solutions drop by drop to a mixture ( ,canada balsam & #b p] c5t ca/or oil & cem5t ! glasses toge!r4 ,^? :o consid] ! scre5s by ! fir/ me?od too transp>5t1 coat ! glass plates ) a mixture ( #b to #c p] c5t raw collodion & #a p] c5t color solution4 ,o!rs pref] gelat9 scre5s1 us+ ,by weight ,h>d gelat9 7,nelson's7 #h p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,absolute alcohol #aj p>ts ,pigm5t #a "p ,?is is p\r$ ov] ! c>efully level$ & heat$ plate aft] hav+ be5 filt]$ ?r\gh flannel4 ,! collodion scre5s are cem5t$ toge!r by moi/5+ ! edges ) ,canada balsam 7conta9+ ca/or oil7 & press+ ! plates toge!r 9 a pr9t+ frame1 sometimes also b9d+ ! edges ) /rips ( ,japanese pap]4 ,on ! ev5+ be=e ! day ( "w1 good dry plates ( ab\t #ah to #bd ,w4 are dy$ 9 ! foll[+ solution3 ,by weight ,/ock solution1 ,no4 #a #af p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ajj p>ts ,alcohol #e p>ts ,nitrate ( silv] 7#a4ejj7 #ej p>ts ,ammonia #a-b p>ts ,?is ba? s5sitizes almo/ un9t]rupt$ly to l9e ,a4 ,! total s5sitiv5ess is high1 & ! plate develops cleanly & f9e4 ,blue s5sitiv5ess is v mu* r$uc$1 & ! blue scre5 is us$ = exposure4 ,z f> z ! au?or's recollection goes1 ! plate = ! yell[ color has nev] be5 color-s5sitiz$1 _m op]ators us+ ! comm]cial ,vogel-,ob]nett] eos9 silv] plates made by ,p]utz1 ( ,muni*2 o!rs aga9 only use ord9>y dry plates ) a blue-violet scre54 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 a decid$ mi/ake1 necessitat+ an imm5se am\nt ( ret\*+1 z o!rwise x produces a gre5 %ade on diff]5tly color$ objects ( ! pr9t4 ,= ! r$ color plate ! dry plate is dy$ 9 ,by weight ,/ock solution1 ,no4 #b #aj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #ajj p>ts ,nitrate ( silv] 7#a4ejj7 #ajj p>ts ,ammonia #b p>ts ,! result+ absorption b& is clos$ until ,e1 rea*+ f violet to r$ 7ov] ,c74 ,?is r$ pigm5t 0 exam9$ by ,ed]1 :o obta9$ v good results1 us+ ammonia 9 ! solution4 ,! correspond+ scre5 is a comb9ation ( mala*ite gre5 ) acrid9 yell[ or acrid9 orange ,n4 #j4 ,= ! blue color plate ! dye is made up z foll[s3 ,by weight ,/ock solution1 ,no4 #c #j4e-a "p ,di/ill$ wat] #ajj p>ts ,nitrate ( silv] 7#a4ejj7 #ajj p>ts ,ammonia #a-b p>ts ,?is dye yields a /rong b&1 comm5c+ at ,b1 rea*+ to ,c #c_/d ,d2 s9ce ! orange scre5 us$ h]e) necessitates a long exposure1 ! action seems to ext5d into ! infra-r$ 7beyond ,a74 ,z a rule1 cyan9e is us$ in/ead ( ! tetrae?yldiamidooxytriph5yl c>b9ol #eej 7,h,cl salt71 b ! =m] is apt to produce fogg$ plates4 ,me?yl violet or cry/al violet has also be5 sugge/$4 ,exposures %\ld be made 9 direct sunlight or ) artificial pure :ite light 7acetyl5e72 electric light is too v>iable4 ,! mo/ suitable me?ods ( reproduction are half-tone1 & ! prototype me?ods2 also ,turati's ,isotypie4 ,! greate/ difficulty 9 #c-;color pr9t+ n[adays is pres5t$ by ! want ( accurate pr9t+4 ,we mu/ use ! prop] pap] & pure fa/ colors2 ! ink+ roll]s %\ld be smoo?1 n too s(t1 & free f pores or weals4 ,! blocks mu/ be firmly fix$ typehigh1 o!rwise !y take color irregul>ly4 ,a good pr9t+ ma*9e is1 ( c\rse1 mo/ ess5tial4 ,to supplem5t ! above work+ directions3 ,aft] hav+ kept ! plates = #b or #c m9utes 7con/antly mov+ ! di%7 9 ! dyes1 !y are remov$ into a di% conta9+ filt]$ alcohol1 :i* extracts ! sup]flu\s pigm5t4 ,plates ?us treat$ dry mu* m rapidly1 develop clean]1 & %[ no fogg+4 ,mo/ ( ! above dyes may be obta9$ f ! 8,b]l9] ,acti5gesells*aft fr ,anil9fabrikation10 ! acrid9 only f ! 8,f>bw]k ,mhlheim1 a_/,ma91 vorm4 ,a4 ,leonh>d ,company40 ,solution = ,prep>+ ,color ,s5sitive ,plates4--,h4 ,voll5bru* ma9ta9s t plates s5sitiz$ ) ery?ros9 silv] citrate are n only m s5sitive to color impressions1 b also h bett] keep+ qualities ?an ord9>y ery?ros9 ba!d plates4 ,= depression ( ! ov]-active blue rays he recomm5ds ! addition ( picric acid to ! color+ solution4 ,! picric acid ery?ros9 silv] citrate ammonia solution is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,solution ,i ,citrate ( potassa #a gram ,di/ill$ wat] #aj cubic c5timet]s ,solution ,,ii ,silv] nitrate #a gram ,di/ill$ wat] #aj cubic c5timet]s ,bo? solutions are mix$ & a :ite precipitate is =m$ :i* is all[$ to subside4 ,! cle> sup]natant liquid is p\r$ (f c>efully1 precipitate wa%$ ) wat]1 all[$ aga9 to subside1 & ! wa% wat] aga9 decant$4 ,?is process is repeat$ two or ?ree times4 ,f9ally a l>ge bulk ( wat] 7#bj cubic c5timet]s7 is add$ to ! precipitate & well %ak52 #e cubic c5timet]s ( ?is is res]v$1 ! rema9d] is treat$ to ammonia1 drop by drop1 until ! precipitate is r$issolv$4 ,n[ add ! #e cubic c5timet]s ( res]v$ solution & %ake ! :ole until e p>ticle is dissolv$4 ,!n make up ! solution to #ej cubic c5timet]s & filt]2 ?is =ms ,solution ,,iii4 ,solution ,,iv ,di/ill$ wat] #cjj cubic c5timet]s ,pure ery?ros9 #a gra9 ,"u lamplight ! #ej cubic c5timet]s ( ,solution ,,iii are p\r$ sl[ly ) repeat$ %ak+ 9 ,solution ,,iv1 by :i* ! orig9ally beautiful r$ is conv]t$ into a dirty turbid blui% r$ some:at viscid fluid2 add-- ,solution ,v ,picric acid #d grams ,absolute alcohol #cj cubic c5timet]s ,%ake well1 & add to ! :ole #cc cubic c5timet]s ammonia 7specific gravity1 #j4ia71 :]e) ! beautiful r$ color is re/or$4 ,aft] ! filtration call ?is ,solution ,,vi4 ,?is solution keeps well4 ,! slight deposit =m$ is r$issolv$ on %ak+4 ,! plates are s5sitiz$ z foll[s3 ,! plate to be s5sitiz$ is fir/ laid 9 a tray ( di/ill$ wat] = #b or #c m9utes1 !n ba!d 9 a mixture ( #a cubic c5timet] ammonia = #a m9ute & f9ally = #b m9utes 9 a ba? compos$ ( ! foll[+3 ,color ,solution ,,vi #aj cubic c5timet]s ,di/ill$ wat] #cjj cubic c5timet]s ,! plate is well dra9$ & dri$ 9 a p]fectly d>k room4 ,^! plates keep well = sev]al mon?s4 ,,microphotographs4 ,! in/rum5ts us$ are an objective ( v %ort focus & a small cam]a ) a movable hold]4 ,?is cam]a & ! orig9al negative to be r$uc$ are fa/5$ to ! opposite ends ( a long1 heavy bo>d1 simil> to ! arrangem5t 9 use = ! mak+ ( lant]n slides4 ,! cam]a mu/ be movable 9 ! direction ( ! objective axis1 & ! negative mu/ be fa/5$ to a v]tically /ation>y /&4 ,x is !n uni=mly light$ f ! rev]s$ side by ei!r daylight or artificial light4 ,"s difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ a %>p focus ( ! picture4 ,! ord9>y gr\nd glass _c be us$1 n #eea be+ f9e en\gh1 & ! be/ m$ium = ?is purpose is a p]fectly pla9 piece ( glass1 coat$ ) pretty /rongly iodiz$ collodion1 & s5sitiz$ 9 ! silv] ba?1 ! same way z 9 ! wet process4 ,! focus+ is done ) a small l5s or ev5 ) a microscope4 ,! plate int5d$ = ! picture has1 ( c\rse1 to lie 9 exactly ! same plane z ! plate us$ = focus+4 ,to be c]ta9 on ?is po9t1 x is be/ to focus ^u ! picture plate1 ins]t+ = ?is purpose a yell[ glass betwe5 objective & plate4 ,if satisfactory %>pness has be5 obta9$1 ! app>atus is once = all 9 ord] = ^! di/ances4 ,bromide ( silv] gelat9 plates1 on acc\nt ( _! comp>atively co>se gra91 are n suitable = ^! small pictures1 & ! collodion process has to come to ! rescue4 ,dagron1 9 ,p>is1 a prom95t speciali/ 9 ?is bran*1 gives ! foll[+ directions3 ,a glass plate is well rubb$ on bo? sides ) a mixture ( #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 #ej p>ts p[d]$ *alk1 & #bjj p>ts ( alcohol1 appli$ ) a cotton tuft1 aft] :i* x is gone ov] ) a dry cotton tuft1 & !reaft] clean$ ) a f9e *amois lea!r4 ,! side us$ = tak+ ! picture is !n f9ally clean$ ) old collodion4 ,! collodion mu/ be a little ?9n] ?an ord9>ily us$ = wet plates4 ,dissolve ,e!r #djj p>ts ,alcohol #ajj p>ts ,collodion cotton #c p>ts ,iodide ammonia #d p>ts ,bromide ammonia #a "p ,! plate coat$ h]e) is silv]$ 9 a silv] ba? ( #g or #h p] c5t4 ,f #ab to #ae seconds are suffici5t = ?is4 ,! plate is !n wa%$ 9 a tray or "u a faucet ) di/ill$ wat]1 to lib]ate x f ! free nitrate ( silv] & is aft]w>ds plac$ ^u blott+ pap] to drip (f4 ,! /ill moi/ plate is !n coat$ ) ! album5 mixture3 ,album5 #aej cubic c5timet]s ,add ,wat] #ae cubic c5timet]s ,iodide potassium #c grams ,ammonia #e grams ,:ite sug> #b grams ,iod9e1 a small cake4 ,) a wood5 quirl ?is is beat5 to sn[ 7foam7 = ab\t #aj m9utes1 aft] :i* x mu/ /& = #ad h\rs to settle4 ,! album5 is p\r$ on to ! plate ! same z collodion1 & ! surplus filt]$ back4 ,aft] dry+1 ! plate is laid = #ae seconds 9 a silv] ba?1 consi/+ ( #ajj p>ts ( wat]1 #aj p>ts nitrate ( silv]1 & #aj cubic c5timet]s ( acetic acid4 ,! plate is !n c>efully wa%$ & left to dry4 ,if c>efully kept1 x w reta9 its prop]ties = ye>s4 ,to ! second silv] ba?1 :5 x assumes a dirty coloration1 is add$ #be p>ts kaol9 to ea* #ajj p>ts1 by %ak+ ! same well1 & ! ba? is !n filt]$1 aft] :i* a little nitrate ( silv] & acetic acid is add$4 ,aft] ea* exposure ! plate hold] is mov$ a c]ta9 l5g?1 s t #aj or m reproductions are obta9$ ^u "o & ! same plate4 ,! "t ( exposure dep5ds ^u ! d5sity ( ! negative & diff]s accord+ to light4 ,x v>ies betwe5 a second & a m9ute4 ,! develop] is compos$ z foll[s3 ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,gallic acid #j4c p>ts ,pyro #j4a "p ,alcohol #b4e p>ts ,! expos$ plate is imm]s$ 9 ?is ba?1 & aft] #aj to #bj seconds1 f #a to #b drops ( a #b p] c5t nitrate ( silv] solution are add$ to ea* #ajj cubic c5timet]s ( ! solution1 :]eby ! picture becomes visible4 ,to foll[ ! process exactly1 ! plate has to be laid--9 yell[ light--"u a weakly enl>g+ microscope1 & only a few drops ( ! develop] are put ^u ! same4 ,z soon z ! picture has rea*$ ! desir$ /r5g?1 x is r9s$ & fix$ 9 a fix+ soda solution1 #a to #e4 ,t5 to #ae seconds are suffici5t g5]ally4 ,f9ally x is wa%$ well4 ,aft] ! dry+ ( ! plate1 ! sev]al small pictures are cut ) a diamond & fa/5$ to ! small enl>g+ l5ses4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! latt] are laid ^u a metal plate heat$ f und]nea?1 a drop ( ,canada balsam is put to "o end ( ! same1 &1 aft] x has become s(t1 ! small diapositive is tak5 up ) a pair ( f9e p9c]s1 & is gradually put 9 contact ) ! fa/5]4 ,bo? glasses are !n all[$ to lie until ! fa/5] has become h>d4 ,if bubbles appe>1 ! :ole me?od ( fa/5+ ! picture has to be repeat$4 ,photographs on ,broo*es4--,^! may be produc$ by means ( a pap] 7celuid9 pap]7 ^: upp] lay] aft] exposure by means ( ord9>y negative c be deta*$ 9 lukew>m wat]4 ,! picture copi$ on ?is pap] is fir/ laid 9 tepid wat]4 ,aft] a few m9utes x is tak5 out & plac$ on ! article 9 "q1 naturally ) ! face ^u x4 ,! enamel surface ^u :i* ! #eeb picture is laid is previ\sly coat$ ) gelat9 solution to insure a safe adhesion4 ,:5 dry1 ! article is plac$ 9 wat] 9 :i* ! pap] is loos5$ & ! photographic image n[ adh]es firmly to ! object4 ,x may n[ be color$ fur!r & f9ally is coat$ ) a good v>ni%4 ,,fla%light ,,p[d]s ,,& ,,app>atus4 ,fla% p[d]s to be ignit$ by simply apply+ ! flame ( a mat* or lay+ on an oil$ pap] & ignit+ t1 may be made by ! foll[+ =mulas3 ,i4--,magnesium #f p>ts ,potassium *lorate #ab p>ts ,,ii4--,alum9um #d p>ts ,potassium *lorate #aj p>ts ,sug> #a "p ,! +r$i5ts 9 ea* case are to be p[d]$ sep>ately1 & !n lightly mix$ ) a wood5 spatula1 z ! comp\nd may be ignit$ by friction & burn ) explosive viol5ce4 ,x is be/ to make only su* quantity z may be ne$$ = use at ! "t1 :i* is #aj or #ae gra9s4 ,to ,prev5t ,smoke f ,fla%light4--,support ov] ! po9t :]e ! ignition is to take place a l>ge flat pad ( damp wool l9t4 ,?is may be done by tack+ ! l9t to ! und]side ( a bo>d support$ on legs4 ,:5 ignition takes place ! products ( combu/ion = ! mo/ "p w become absorb$ by ! wool4 ,a ,fla%light ,app>atus ) ,smoke ,trap4--,a light box1 n too l>ge to be conv5i5tly c>ri$ out into ! op5 air1 is ! fir/ ess5tial1 & to ! op5 front ( ?is grooves mu/ be fitt$1 9 :i* grooves a lid w slide v easily1 a l>ge %eet ( millbo>d be+ conv5i5t z a slid+ lid4 ,! box be+ s plac$ t ! slid+ lid c be drawn out upw>d1 a ?read is atta*$ to ! l[] edge ( ! lid1 aft] :i* ! ?read is pass$ ov] a pulley fix$ inside ! box ne> ! top1 :5 ! end is atta*$ to ! bottom ( ! box1 s t ! ?read holds ! slid+ lid up4 ,! lid w !n slide d[n ! grooves quickly1 & close ! box1 if ! ?read is sev]$1 ! ?read be+ cut at ! "r in/ant by plac+ ! l[] "p across ! spot :]e ! fla% is to be produc$4 ,s small is ! cl\d ( smoke at ! fir/ in/ant t practically ! :ole ( x c be caught 9 a drop trap ( ! above-m5tion$ k9d4 ,if ! app>atus is n requir$ aga9 = imm$iate use1 ! smoke may be all[$ to settle d[n 9 ! box2 b 9 o!r cases ! box may be tak5 out into ! op5 air1 & ! smoke buffet$ out ) a clo?4 ,9 ! ev5t ( sev]al exposures be+ requir$ 9 imm$iate succession1 ! requir$ numb] ( app>atus might be set up1 z ea* ne$ n co/ mu* to con/ruct4 ,,int5sifi]s ,,& ,,r$uc]s3 ,int5sifi] 7,m]curic7 ) ,sodium ,sulphite1 = ,gelat9 ,dry ,plates4--,:it5 ! negative 9 ! saturat$ solution ( m]curic *loride1 wa% & black5 ) a solution ( sulphite ( sodium1 #a 9 #e4 ,wa% well4 ,! r$uction is p]fect1 ) a positive black tone4 ,int5sifi] ) ,iodide ( ,m]cury4--,dissolve #a dra*m ( bi*loride ( m]cury 9 #g ounces ( wat] & #c dra*ms ( iodide ( potassium 9 #c ounces ( wat]1 & p\r ! iodide solution into ! m]cury till ! r$ precipitate =m$ is completely dissolv$4 ,= use1 dilute ) wat]1 fl[ ov] ! negative till ! prop] d5sity is rea*$1 & wa%1 :5 ! deposit w turn yell[4 ,remove ! yell[ color by fl[+ a #e p] c5t solution ( hypo ov] ! plate1 & give x ! f9al wa%+4 ,agfa ,int5sifi]4--,"o "p ( agfa solution 9 #i p>ts wat] 7#aj p] c5t solution74 ,imm]se negative f #d to #f m9utes4 ,int5sify+ ,negatives ,)\t ,m]cury4--,dissolve #a "p ( iod9e & #b p>ts ( potassium iodide 9 #aj p>ts ( wat]4 ,:5 requir$ = use1 dilute #a "p ( ?is solution ) #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,wa% ! negative well & place 9 ?is ba?1 all[+ x to rema9 until x has become entirely yell[1 & ! image appe>s purely d>k yell[ on a light-yell[ gr\nd4 ,! negative %\ld !n be wa%$ 9 wat] until ! latt] runs (f cle>ly1 :5 x is float$ ) ! foll[+ solution until ! :ole ( ! image has become uni=mly br[n3 ,s*lippe's salt #fj gra9s ,wat] #a ounce ,cau/ic soda solution1 #aj p] c5t #f drops ,f9ally ! negative is aga9 ?or\ghly wa%$ & dri$4 ,! addition ( ! small quantity ( cau/ic soda is to prev5t surface cry/allization4 ,x is claim$ t ) ?is int5sifi] ! op]ation may be c>ri$ out to a great] #eec ext5t ?an ) bi*loride ( m]cury2 t x gives cle> %ad[s1 & t x possesses ! special advantage ( remov+ entirely any yell[ /a9 ! negative may h acquir$ dur+ developm5t & fix+4 ,fur!rmore1 ) ?is int5sify+ me?od x is n necess>y to wa% ! negative1 ev5 aft] fix+1 z c>efully z 9 ! case ( ! int5sify+ processes ) m]cury1 because small traces ( hypo :i* may h be5 left 9 ! film w be r5d]$ innocu\s by ! free iod9e4 ,! iod9e solution may be employ$ repeat$ly if its /r5g? is kept up by ! addition ( conc5trat$ /ock solution4 ,uranium ,int5sifi]4-- ,potassium f]ricyanide 7wa%$7 #dh gra9s ,uranium nitrate #dh gra9s ,sodium acetate #dh gra9s ,glacial acetic acid #a ounce ,di/ill$ wat] to #aj ounces4 ,label3 ,poison4 ,imm]se ! well-wa%$ negative till ! desir$ int5sification is rea*$1 r9se = #e m9utes & dry4 ,?is int5sifi] acts v /rongly & %\ld n !re=e be all[$ to act too long4 ,,miscellane\s ,,=mulas3 ,r5ovat+ a ,cam]a4--,! foll[+ =mula %\ld be appli$ to ! mahogany ( ! cam]a by means ( a s(t rag1 rubb+ x well 91 f9ally poli%+ lightly ) a clean s(t clo?3 ,raw l9se$ oil #f ounces ,:ite w9e v9eg> #c ounces ,me?ylat$ _s #c ounces ,butt] ( antimony #a_/b ounce ,mix ! oil ) v9eg> by degrees1 %ak+ well to prev5t sep>ation aft] ea* addition1 !n add ! _s & antimony1 & mix ?or\ghly4 ,%ake be=e us+4 ,exclusion ( ,air f ,solutions4--,wat] is free f air only :5 x has be5 ma9ta9$ = sev]al m9utes 9 bubbl+ ebullition4 ,9 ord] to keep out ! air f ! bottle1 :5 us+ ! cont5ts1 ! air-pressure contrivances are v conv5i5t2 "o glass tube rea*+ ?r\gh ! rubb] /opp] into ! bottle to ! bottom1 :ile ! second tube1 provid$ ) a rubb] press+-ball1 only runs into ! flask above4 ,if ! long b5t tube is fitt$ ) a rubb] tube1 a s+le pressure suffices to draw (f ! desir$ quantity ( ! develop]4 ,x is /ill m conv5i5t to p\r a ?9 lay] ( good sweet oil on top ( ! develop] besides4 ,! develop] is n injur$ !reby1 & ! exclusion ( air is p]fect4 ,bottle ,wax4--,_m ready-prep>$ solutions1 su* z develop]s & o!r prep>ations f :i* light has to be exclud$1 %\ld be pack$ 9 bottles ^: neck1 aft] complete dry+ ( ! /opp]1 is dipp$ 9 a pot ) molt5 seal+ wax4 ,a good recipe is ! foll[+1 pigm5ts be+ add$ if desir$3 ,= black take3 ,colophony1 #f p>ts2 p>aff9e1 #c p>ts4 ,melt toge!r & add #bj p>ts ( black4 ,= yell[1 only #g p>ts ( *rome yell[4 ,= blue1 #g p>ts ( ultram>9e4 ,blea*+ ,photographic ,pr9ts ,:ite4--,to make a salt pr9t1 ink ov] x ) wat]pro( ink1 !n blea* out :ite all b ! black l9es4 ,s5sitize ,clemon's mat surface pap] on a #dj-;gra9 ba? ( nitrate ( silv]4 ,aft] fum+ & pr9t+1 ! pr9t is ?or\ghly fix$ 9 hyposulphite ( soda solution1 & wa%$ 9 runn+ wat] until e trace ( ! hypo is out ( ! pr9t4 ,on ?is ! p]man5cy ( ! blea*+ op]ation dep5ds4 ,! blea*+ ba? is3 ,bi*loride ( m]cury #a ounce ,wat] #e ounces ,alcohol #a ounce ,hydro*loric acid #a dra*m ,if ! draw+ has be5 made ) non-wat]pro( ink1 !n alcohol is sub/itut$ = ! wat] 9 ! =mula4 ,= safety1 use an alcoholic solution ( m]cury4 ,! blea*+ solution is p\r$ on & (f ! draw+1 &1 :5 ! pr9t is blea*$ :ite1 ! m]cury is wa%$ (f ! draw+ by hold+ x = a few mom5ts "u runn+ wat]4 ,photographs blea*$ 9 ?is way w keep :ite = ye>s4 ,to ,r5d] ,negatives ,p]man5t4--,a f9e negative1 "o t we w\ld l to pres]ve1 may be r5d]$ p]man5t by plac+ x1 aft] x has be5 fix$1 9 a #aj p] c5t solution ( alum1 & lett+ x rema9 a few m9utes4 ,?is makes ! plate wond]fully cle> & clean1 & absolutely unalt]able4 ,! alum acts ^u ! gelat91 r5d]+ x insoluble4 ,/ripp+ ,photograph ,films4--,?is is g5]ally done by imm]s+ ! plate 9 =maldehyde solution until ! film has become almo/ insoluble & imp]meable4 ,!n x is plac$ 9 a solution ( sodium c>bonate until ! gelat9 has absorb$ a suffici5t quantity ( x4 ,:5 ! negative is imm]s$ 9 weak hydro*loric acid1 c>bon #eed dioxide is lib]at$1 & ! little bubbles ( gas :i* lodge !mselves betwe5 ! film & ! glass cause a sep>ation ( ! two1 s t ! film may be /ripp$ (f4 ,aft] hav+ h>d5$ ! film ) =maldehyde1 x is a l5g?y process to get x saturat$ ) sodium c>bonate4 ,x is advisable to use a comb9$ ba? ( #a "p ( c>bonate1 #c ( #dj p] c5t =maldehyde1 & #bj ( wat]2 its tann+ action is enhanc$ by ! alkal9e reaction1 & two op]ations are sup]s$$ by "o4 ,aft] #aj m9utes' soak+1 ! surface ( ! film mu/ be wip$ & ! plate dri$4 ,a %>p knife is !n us$ to cut all ar\nd ! film a slight di/ance f ! edge1 & :5 ?is is done ! negative is put into a #e p] c5t solution ( hydro*loric acid1 :5 ! film w probably float (f unaid$2 b1 if necess>y1 may be assi/$ by g5tly rais+ "o corn]4 ,phosphoresc5t ,photographs4--,! necess>y *emicals belong to ! class ( phosphoresc5t bodies1 among o!rs1 calcium sulphite1 /rontium sulphite1 b>ium sulphide1 calc>e\s sp>1 fluorsp>4 ,^! plac$ 9 ! magnesium light or sunlight1 acquire ! prop]ty ( giv+ =?1 = a %ort] or long] "t1 a light ( _! own4 ,! be/ examples ( ^! sub/ances are ! well-kn[n 8,balma9s light colors10 :i* yield a v cle> & /rong light aft] exposure4 ,!y consi/ ( calcium sulphide1 #aj1jjj p>ts2 bismu? oxide1 #ac p>ts2 sodium hyposulphite1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,s*nauss1 plates = phosphorographs are prep>$ z foll[s3 ,dissolve #aj p>ts ( pure gelat9 9 #ej p>ts ( hot wat]1 add & dissolve #cj p>ts ( 8light0 color 7z above71 & #a "p ( glyc]9e4 ,if a plate or a pap]1 prep>$ z above detail$1 be plac$ "u a diapositive1 9 a copy+ app>atus1 & submitt$ to ! action ( sunlight = a few m9utes1 :5 tak5 out 9 a d>k room a phosphoresc5t picture ( ! diapositive w be f\nd4 ,x is also a kn[n fact t duplicate negatives or positives may be made ) ?is phosphorograph by simply br++ ! latt] 9 contact 9 a copy+ app>atus1 ) ! ord9>y silv] bromide plate = #cj seconds1 9 ! d>k room1 & !n develop+ ! same4 ,pr9t+ ,names on ,photographs4--,! "n or o!r matt] to be pr9t$ on ! photograph is set up 9 type1 & pr9t$ on c>dbo>d2 f ?is make an exposure on a transp>5cy plate1 develop+ x /rongly4 ,aft] ! pr9t has be5 made f ! regul> pr9t+ negative1 x is plac$ "u ! d5se transp>5cy ( ! regul> negative1 & ! "n pr9t$ 94 ,! only precaution necess>y is to "t ! transp>5cy negative prop]ly1 & develop /rongly1 s z to get good contra/4 ,photograph]s w f9d ?is a mu* easi] & quick] me?od ?an ! old "o ( pr9t+ on tissue pap] & fa/5+ ! pap] to ! negative by means ( v>ni%2 moreov]1 ! result is black in/ead ( :ite1 usually mu* m pleas+4 ,spots on ,photographic ,plates4--,spots on photographic plates may be caus$ by du/ or by m9ute bubbles 9 ! emulsion1 bo? ( :i* are easily prev5table1 b "s spots _c be ascrib$ to ei!r ( ^! causes4 ,on inve/igat+ ?is tr\ble1 ,mum=d f\nd t x is due to ! pres5ce on ! surface ( ! film ( small colonies ( microorganisms :i*1 "u conditions favorable to _! gr[?1 are capable ( produc+ l>ge mold colonies1 f :i* ! organisms c easily be sep>at$4 ,exp]im5ts 7 in/itut$ 9 ord] to f9d :e!r ^! gr[?s c be produc$ on ! plate by artificial means1 by inoculat+ ! surface ) a fluid culture ( "o ( ^! organisms1 ) affirmative results1 b ) "o slight diff]5ce1 namely1 t 9 ! inoculat$ film1 on microscopic exam9ation1 no du/ p>ticle 0 visible 9 ! c5t] ( ea* spot1 :i* _h =m]ly be5 ! case4 ,z ^! microorganisms d n exi/ 9 ! air z isolat$ units1 b travel ^u small or l>ge du/ p>ticles 9 ! case "u consid]ation1 ! c>ry+ m$ium mo/ probably is ! f9e impalpable du/ f :i* x is practically impossible to free ! air ( a build+4 ,9 ord] t ^! organisms may gr[ into colonies ( suffici5t size to cause spots1 !y mu/ be able to gr[ rapidly1 !re be+ only ab\t #ab h\rs be=e ! plate is dry 9 :i* !y c gr[2 & !y mu/ also be capable ( gr[+ at ! r high temp]ature ( #gj ,f4 ,on te/+ "s ( ! organisms caus+ ! spots x 0 f\nd t !y grew be/ "u exactly su* conditions4 ,a bact]iological exam9ation ( "s ( ! gelat9 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( plates1 bo? 9 ! raw /ate & 9 ! =m ( emulsion1 also reveal$ ! fact t !re 7 num]\s organisms pres5t4 ,no means = ! prev5tion ( ?is tr\blesome defect is sugge/$2 #eee mo/ dry-plate manufactur]s use ! precaution to add a small quantity ( a *emical antiseptic to ! emulsion1 b x is n possible to employ a suffici5t quantity to de/roy any organisms t may be pres5t )\t damag+ ! plate = photographic purposes4 ,to ,remove ,pyro ,/a9s f ! ,f+]s4--,make a /rong solution ( *lor9at$ lime2 dip ! f+]s :i* are /a9$ 9 ?is1 & rub ! /a9s ) a l>ge cry/al ( citric acid4 ,apply ! lime solution & acid alt]nately until ! /a9 is remov$2 !n r9se ) wat]4 ,to ,remove ,pyro ,/a9 f ,negatives4--,imm]se 9 a cle>+ ba? z foll[s3 ,protosulphate ( iron #c ounces ,alum #a ounce ,citric acid #a ounce ,wat] #bj ounces ,prev5tion is bett] ?an cure1 h[ev]2 !re=e imm]se ! negatives 9 ! above directly !y are tak5 f ! fix+ ba?4 ,aft] cle>+ ! negatives1 !y %\ld be well wa%$4 ,,photography ,,)\t ,,light3 ,see ,catatypy4 ,,piano ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,pickle ,,= ,,brass3 ,see ,brass & ,plat+4 ,,pickle ,,= ,,bronze3 ,see ,bronze ,color+4 ,,pickle ,,= ,,copp]3 ,see ,copp] & ,plat+4 ,,pickle ,,v9eg>3 ,see ,v9eg>4 ,,pickl+ ,,( ,,g]man-,,silv] ,,articles3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,pickl+ ,,iron ,,scrap ,,be=e ,,enamel+3 ,see ,enamel+4 ,,picric ,,acid ,,/a9s1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,picture ,,copy+3 ,see ,copy+4 ,,picture ,,frames1 ,,repair+3 ,see ,adhesives & ,lutes4 ,,picture ,,po/al ,,c>ds3 ,see ,photography4 ,pigm5ts 7,see also ,pa9ts47 ,nature1 ,s\rce1 & ,manufacture ( ,pigm5ts4--,a pigm5t is a dry e>?y or clayey sub/ance t1 :5 mix$ ) oil1 wat]1 etc41 =ms a pa9t4 ,mo/ pigm5ts are ( m9]al orig91 b !re are vegetable pigm5ts1 z logwood1 & animal pigm5ts1 z co*9eal4 ,9 mod]n practice ! colors are produc$ ma9ly by dye+ c]ta9 clays1 :i* excel 9 a l>ge p]c5tage ( silicic acid1 ) anil9e dye/uffs4 ,! color+ matt]s be/ adapt$ = ?is purpose are ^? ( a basic "*4 ,! colors obta9$ 9 ?is mann] excel 9 a vivid hue1 & fa/ness to light & wat]4 ,foll[+ is a g5]al outl9e ( _! manufacture3 ,"o hundr$ p>ts1 by weight1 ( wa%$ clay 9 pa/e =m are f9ely susp5d$ 9 #f to #h times ! volume ( wat] & acidulat$ ) ab\t #a #a_/b p>ts1 by volume1 ( #e p] c5t hydro*loric or acetic acid1 & heat$ by means ( /eam almo/ to ! boil+ temp]ature4 ,!re is next introduc$1 accord+ to ! %ade desir$1 #a to #b p>ts1 by weight1 ( ! dye/uff1 su* z auram91 diamond gre51 ,victoria blue1 etc41 ) simultane\s /irr+ & heat+1 = #a to #b h\rs1 or until a sample filt]$ (f f ! liquor %[s no dye/uff4 ,next ! clay dy$ 9 ?is mann] is isolat$ by filtration & wa%$ ) hot wat] & dri$4 ,! colors ?us obta9$ may be us$ z sub/itutes = m9]al colors ( all description4 ,! me?od ( manufacture v>ies greatly4 ,accord+ to ! ,b5nett & ,ma/9 ,engli% pat5t ! proc$ure is z foll[s3 ,gr9d toge!r to a pa/e 9 wat]1 sub/ances ( a clayey1 /ony1 e>?y1 or vitre\s nature1 & c]ta9 metallic oxides1 or 8prep>$ oxides10 su* z are commonly us$ 9 ! pott]y trades2 dry & p[d] ! pa/e1 & subject ! p[d] to ! heat ( a furnace1 ( su* a temp]ature t ! requisite color is obta9$1 & = su* l5g? ( "t t ! color /rikes ?r\gh ! :ole sub/ance4 ,= example1 #h p>ts ( black oxide ( cobalt1 #ab p>ts ( oxide ( z9c1 & #cf p>ts ( alum9a1 :5 incorporat$ ) #bj times _! comb9$ bulk ( clay & treat$ z describ$1 yield a ri* blue pigm5t 9 ! case ( a :ite clay1 & a ri* gre5 9 ! case ( a yell[ clay4 ,long-cont9u$ fir+ 9 ?is case improves ! color4 ,_m m9]als includ$ 9 =mulas = pigm5ts h little or no color+ p[] 9 !mselves2 nev]!less !y #eef are requir$ 9 produc+ ! mo/ beautiful %ades ( color :5 bl5d$ "o ) ano!r1 ! color be+ br\ght out by calc9ation4 ,mix+ ,oil ,colors & ,t9ts4--,x mu/ n be expect$ t ! =mulas giv5 w produce ! exact effect desir$1 because ! /r5g? ( ! v>i\s br&s ( colors v>y to a great ext5t1 & !re=e ! pa9t] mu/ ex]cise 8 own judgm5t4 ,! table simply gives an idea ( :at c be produc$ by foll[+ ! =mulas giv51 :5 *emically pure mat]ial is employ$ 9 ! mix+4 ,x is also recomm5d$ t ! p>ts m5tion$ be weigh$ out 9 pa/e =m1 & ! :ite or black & ea* color sep>ately ?9n$ & /ra9$ be=e mix+ !m toge!r1 because ! arriv+ at ! prop] hue ( color or dep? & tone ( t9t w be simplifi$ by us+ t precaution4 ,by ?9n+ x is n meant t !y %\ld be q ready = application1 b ( su* consi/5cy t !y w pass an ord9>y /ra9] ) ! aid ( a bru%4 ,unless o!rwise indicat$1 ! mat]ials are und]/ood to be gr\nd f9e 9 pa/e =m4 ,,note4--,! majority ( ! foll[+ are by ,joseph ,griggs1 9 ! ,pa9t]s' ,magaz9e3 ,,gr\nds ,,= ,,gra9+ ,,colors3 ,a% ,gr\nd4--,f\r hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #d p>ts ,fr5* o*]2 #a "p raw ,turkey umb]4 ,a%4--,raw umb]2 raw si5na2 & a little black or ,v&yke br[n4 ,hung>ian ,a%4--,raw si5na & raw & burnt umb]4 ,bun ,a%4--,raw si5na2 burnt umb]2 & ,v&yke br[n4 ,*]ry ,gr\nd4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #e p>ts burnt si5na2 #a "p raw si5na4 ,natural ,*]ry4--,raw & burnt si5na & raw umb]4 ,/a9$ ,*]ry4--,burnt si5na2 burnt umb]2 & ,v&yke br[n4 ,*e/nut4--,raw si5na2 burnt umb]2 ,v&yke br[n2 & a little burnt si5na4 ,maple4--,raw si5na & raw umb]4 ,silv] ,maple4--,ivory black ov] a ne>ly :ite gr\nd4 ,light ,maple ,gr\nd4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ,fr5* o*]4 ,d>k ,maple ,gr\nd4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p d>k gold5 o*]4 ,oak4--,raw si5na2 burnt umb]2 a little black4 ,poll>d ,oak4--,raw & burnt si5na1 or burnt umb] & ,v&yke br[n4 ,light ,oak ,gr\nd4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ,fr5* o*]4 ,d>k ,oak ,gr\nd4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p d>k gold5 o*]4 ,sat9wood4--,add a little ivory black to maple color4 ,mahogany4--,burnt si5na2 burnt umb]2 & ,v&yke br[n4 ,mahogany ,gr\nd4--,t5 p>ts :ite lead2 #e p>ts orange *rome2 & #a "p burnt si5na4 ,rosewood4--,v&yke br[n & a little ivory black4 ,rosewood ,gr\nd4--,drop black4 ,walnut ,gr\nd4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #c p>ts d>k gold5 o*]2 #a "p d>k ,v5etian r$2 & #a "p drop black4 ,black ,walnut4--,burnt umb] ) a little ,v&yke br[n = d>k p>ts4 ,fr5* ,burl ,walnut4--,same z black walnut4 ,h>d ,p9e4--,raw & burnt si5na2 add a little burnt umb]4 ,cypress4--,raw & burnt si5na & burnt umb]4 ,:itewood4--,gr\nd same z = light a%2 gra9+ color1 yell[ o*]1 add+ raw umb] & black = d>k /reaks4 ,,positive ,,colors3 ,blue4--,twelve p>ts borate ( lime2 #f p>ts oxide ( z9c2 #aj p>ts li?>ge2 #i p>ts feldsp>2 #d p>ts oxide ( cobalt4 ,blue ,black ,a4--,n9e p>ts lampblack2 #a "p ,*9ese or ,prussian blue4 ,blue ,black ,b4--,n9ete5 p>ts drop black2 #a "p ,prussian blue4 ,bright ,m9]al4--,n9e p>ts light ,v5etian r$2 #a "p r$ lead4 ,brilliant ,gre54--,n9e p>ts ,p>is gre52 #a "p ,c4 ,c4 *rome gre51 light4 ,bronze ,gre51 ,light4--,?ree p>ts raw ,turkey umb]2 #a "p m$ium *rome yell[4 ,bronze ,gre51 ,m$ium4--,five p>ts m$ium *rome yell[2 #c p>ts burnt ,turkey umb]2 #a "p lampblack4 ,bronze ,gre51 ,d>k4--,tw5ty p>ts drop black2 #b p>ts m$ium *rome yell[2 & #a "p d>k orange *rome4 #eeg ,bottle ,gre54--,five p>ts comm]cial *rome gre51 m$ium1 & #a "p drop black4 ,br[n4--,t5 p>ts crude antimony2 #ab p>ts li?>ge2 #b p>ts manganese2 #a "p oxide ( iron4 ,br[n ,/one4--,eighte5 p>ts burnt umb]2 #b p>ts d>k gold5 o*]2 & #a "p burnt si5na4 ,*]ry ,r$4--,equal p>ts ( be/ imitation v]milion & ,no4 #dj c>m9e4 ,citron ,a4--,?ree p>ts m$ium *rome yell[ & #b p>ts raw umb]4 ,citron ,b4--,six p>ts comm]cial *rome gre51 light1 & #a "p m$ium *rome yell[4 ,c(fee ,br[n4--,six p>ts burnt ,turkey umb]2 #b p>ts ,fr5* o*]2 & #a "p burnt si5na4 ,em]ald ,gre54--,use ,p>is gre54 ,gre54--,tw5ty p>ts li?>ge2 #ab p>ts fl9t2 #b p>ts oxide ( copp]2 #b #a_/b p>ts gr\nd glass2 #b #a_/b p>ts :it+2 #a #a_/b p>ts oxide ( *rome4 ,fle% ,color4--,n9ete5 p>ts ,fr5* o*]2 #a "p deep ,engli% v]milion4 ,f]n ,gre54--,five p>ts lemon *rome yell[ & #a "p ea* ( light *rome gre5 & drop black4 ,foliage ,gre54--,?ree p>ts m$ium *rome yell[ & #a "p ( ivory or drop black4 ,foliage ,br[n4--,equal p>ts ( ,v&yke br[n & orange *rome yell[4 ,gold5 ,o*]4--,f\rte5 p>ts ,fr5* yell[ o*] & #a "p m$ium *rome yell[ = ! light %ade1 & #i p>ts ,ox=d o*] & #a "p orange *rome yell[ = ! d>k %ade4 ,gold ,russet4--,five p>ts lemon *rome yell[ & #a "p light ,v5etian r$4 ,gold ,orange4--,equal p>ts ( dry orange m9]al & light gold5 o*] 9 oil4 ,indian ,br[n4--,equal p>ts ( light ,indian r$1 ,fr5* o*]1 & lamp black ,mahogany1 ,*eap4--,?ree p>ts d>k gold5 o*] & #a "p ( d>k ,v5etian r$4 ,m>oon1 ,light4--,five p>ts d>k ,v5etian r$2 #a "p drop black4 ,m>oon1 ,d>k4--,n9e p>ts d>k ,indian r$2 #a "p lampblack4 ,olive ,gre54--,sev5 p>ts light gold5 o*]2 #a "p drop black4 ,o*r\s ,olive4--,n9e p>ts ,fr5* o*]2 #a "p raw umb]4 ,orange-,br[n4--,equal p>ts burnt si5na & orange *rome yell[4 ,ori5tal ,r$4--,two p>ts ,indian r$1 light1 9 oil2 #a "p dry r$ lead4 ,purple ,a4--,eight p>ts crocus m>tis2 #b p>ts r$ hematite2 #a "p oxide ( iron4 ,purple ,b4--,two p>ts rose p9k2 #a "p ultram>9e blue4 ,purple ,black4--,?ree p>ts lampblack & #a "p rose p9k1 or #i p>ts drop black & #a "p rose p9k4 ,purple ,br[n4--,five p>ts ,indian r$1 d>k1 & #a "p ea* ( ultram>9e blue & lampblack4 ,roman ,o*]4--,tw5ty-?ree p>ts ,fr5* o*] & #a "p ea* burnt si5na & burnt umb]4 ,royal ,blue1 ,d>k4--,eighte5 p>ts ultram>9e blue & #b p>ts ,prussian blue4 ,to light5 use z mu* :ite lead or z9c :ite z is requir$4 ,royal ,purple4--,two p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #a "p ,no4 #dj c>m9e or c>m9e lake4 ,russet4--,f\rte5 p>ts orange *rome yell[ & #a "p ,c4 ,p4 *rome gre51 m$ium4 ,seal ,br[n4--,t5 p>ts burnt umb]2 #b p>ts gold5 o*]1 light2 #a "p burnt si5na4 ,snuff ,br[n4--,equal p>ts burnt umb] & gold5 o*]1 light4 ,t]ra ,cotta4--,two p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p burnt si5na2 also #b p>ts ,fr5* o*] to #a "p ,v5etian r$4 ,turkey ,r$4--,/rong ,v5etian r$ or r$ oxide4 ,tuscan ,r$4 ,ord9>y4--,n9e p>ts ,indian r$ to #a "p rose p9k4 ,brilliant4--,f\r p>ts ,indian r$ to #a "p r$ madd] lake4 ,violet4--,?ree p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #b p>ts rose lake2 #a "p be/ ivory black4 ,yell[4--,f\r & "o-half p>ts t9 a%es2 #a "p crude antimony2 #a "p li?>ge2 & #a "p r$ o*]4 ,yell[1 ,amb]4--,t5 p>ts m$ium *rome yell[2 #g p>ts burnt umb]2 #c p>ts burnt si5na4 ,yell[1 ,can>y4--,five p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts p]man5t yell[2 #a "p lemon *rome yell[4 ,yell[1 ,gold54--,t5 p>ts lemon *rome yell[2 #c p>ts orange *rome1 d>k2 #e p>ts :ite lead4 ,yell[1 ,brim/one4--,?ree p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p lemon *rome yell[2 #a "p p]man5t yell[4 #eeh ,azure ,blue4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ultram>9e blue4 ,blue ,gray4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #c p>ts ,prussian blue2 #a "p lampblack4 ,bright ,blue4--,tw5ty p>ts z9c :ite2 #a "p imitation cobalt blue4 ,blue ,grass4--,sev5 p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts ,p>is gre52 #a "p ,prussian blue4 ,deep ,blue4--,fifte5 p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ,prussian blue or ,antw]p blue4 ,fr5* ,blue4--,five p>ts imitation cobalt blue2 #b p>ts ,fr5* z9c :ite4 ,gre5 ,blue4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #e p>ts lemon *rome yell[2 #c p>ts ultram>9e blue4 ,hazy ,blue4--,sixty p>ts :ite lead2 #af p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #a "p burnt si5na4 ,m9]al ,blue4--,five p>ts :ite lead2 #d p>ts imitation cobalt blue2 #b p>ts r$ madd] lake2 #a "p be/ ivory or drop black4 ,ori5t ,blue4--,tw5ty-five p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts ,prussian blue2 #a "p lemon *rome yell[4 ,royal ,blue4--,?irty-f\r p>ts :ite lead2 #ai p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #b p>ts ,prussian blue2 #a "p rose madd] or rose lake4 ,sapphire ,blue4--,two p>ts ,fr5* z9c :ite & #a "p be/ ,*9ese blue4 ,sky ,blue4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ,prussian blue4 ,solid ,blue4--,five p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ultram>9e blue4 ,turquoise ,blue4--,tw5ty p>ts :ite lead2 #c p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #a "p lemon *rome yell[4 ,,r$ ,,t9ts3 ,c>d9al ,r$4--,equal p>ts ( :ite lead & sc>let lake4 ,c>nation ,r$4--,fifte5 p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p sc>let lake4 ,cl>et4--,tw5ty-"o p>ts oxide ( z9c2 #d p>ts crocus m>tis2 #d p>ts oxide ( *rome2 #c p>ts r$ lead2 #c p>ts boracic acid4 ,coral ,p9k4--,fifte5 p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts bright v]milion2 #a "p deep orange *rome4 ,deep ,rose4--,t5 p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p r$ lake4 ,deep ,purple4--,five p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ultram>9e blue2 #a "p rose p9k4 ,deep ,sc>let4--,fifte5 p>ts bright v]milion2 #b p>ts r$ lake2 #e p>ts :ite lead4 ,fle% ,p9k4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p orange *rome yell[2 #a "p r$ lake4 ,indian ,p9k4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p light ,indian r$4 ,lav5d]4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #a "p r$ lake4 ,light ,p9k4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p bright v]milion4 ,lilac4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p be/ rose p9k4 ,mauve4--,fifte5 p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #a "p c>m9e lake or r$ lake4 ,orange ,p9k4--,two p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p d>k orange *rome or ,am]ican v]milion4 ,purple4--,five p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #a "p r$ madd] lake4 ,royal ,p9k4--,five p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p c>m9e lake or r$ madd] lake4 ,royal ,rose4--,tw5ty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ri* rose lake4 ,r$ ,brick4--,t5 p>ts :ite lead2 #c p>ts light ,v5etian r$2 #a "p yell[ o*]4 ,r$di% ,t]ra ,cotta4--,two p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ri* burnt si5na4 ,salmon4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #e p>ts deep orange *rome4 ,%ell ,p9k4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts bright v]milion2 #a "p orange *rome2 #a "p burnt si5na4 ,violet4--,fifte5 p>ts :ite lead2 #d p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #c p>ts rose lake2 #a "p drop black4 ,,gre5 ,,t9ts3 ,apple ,gre54--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p *rome gre51 light or m$ium %ade4 ,citr9e ,gre54--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts m$ium *rome yell[2 #a "p drop black4 ,citron ,gre54--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #c p>ts m$ium *rome yell[2 #a "p lampblack4 ,em]ald ,gre54--,t5 p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ,p>is 7em]ald7 gre54 ,grass ,gre5 ,a4--,five p>ts :ite lead2 #g p>ts ,p>is gre54 ,grass ,gre5 ,b4--,t5 p>ts oxide ( *rome2 #b p>ts t9 a%es2 #e p>ts :it+2 #a "p crocus m>tis2 #a "p bi*romate pota%4 ,gray ,gre54--,five p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ,v]ona gre54 #eei ,m>9e ,gre54--,t5 p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ultram>9e gre54 ,nile ,gre54--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #f p>ts m$ium *rome gre52 #a "p ,prussian blue4 ,olive ,gre54--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts m$ium *rome yell[2 #c p>ts raw umb]2 #a "p drop black4 ,olive ,drab4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #h p>ts raw umb]2 #e p>ts m$ium *rome gre52 #a "p drop black4 ,pea ,gre54--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p light *rome gre54 ,sat9 ,gre54--,?ree p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ,milori gre54 ,sage ,gre54--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #c p>ts m$ium *rome gre52 #a "p raw umb]4 ,sea ,gre54--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p d>k *rome gre54 ,/one ,gre54--,tw5ty-five p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts d>k *rome gre52 #c p>ts raw umb]4 ,velvet ,gre54--,tw5ty p>ts :ite lead2 #g p>ts m$ium *rome gre52 #b p>ts burnt si5na4 ,wat] ,gre54--,fifte5 p>ts :ite lead2 #aj p>ts ,fr5* o*]2 #a "p d>k *rome gre54 ,,br[n ,,t9ts3 ,*ocolate4--,tw5ty-five p>ts :ite lead2 #c p>ts burnt umb]4 ,cocoanut4--,equal p>ts :ite lead & burnt umb]4 ,c9namon4--,t5 p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts burnt si5na2 #a "p ,fr5* o*]4 ,d>k ,drab4--,=ty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p burnt umb]4 ,d>k ,/one4--,tw5ty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p raw umb]4 ,fawn4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #c p>ts burnt umb]2 #b p>ts ,fr5* o*]4 ,gold5 ,br[n4--,tw5ty-five p>ts :ite lead2 #d p>ts ,fr5* o*]2 #a "p burnt si5na4 ,hazel ,nut ,br[n4--,tw5ty p>ts :ite lead2 #e p>ts burnt umb]2 #a "p m$ium *rome yell[4 ,mulb]ry4--,t5 p>ts manganese2 #b p>ts cobalt blue2 #b p>ts saltpet]4 ,purple ,br[n4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #f p>ts ,indian r$2 #b p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #a "p lampblack4 ,r$ ,br[n4--,twelve p>ts hematite ore2 #c p>ts manganese2 #g p>ts li?>ge2 #b p>ts yell[ o*]4 ,seal ,br[n4--,?irty p>ts :ite lead2 #e p>ts burnt umb]2 #a "p m$ium *rome yell[4 ,snuff ,br[n4--,tw5ty-five p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p burnt umb]2 #a "p ,ox=d o*]4 ,,gray ,,t9ts3 ,a% ,gray4--,?irty p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #a "p burnt si5na4 ,cold ,gray4--,five hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #f p>ts lampblack2 #a "p ,antw]p blue4 ,dove ,color4--,twelve p>ts manganese2 #e p>ts /eel fil+s2 #c p>ts :it+2 #a "p oxide ( cobalt4 ,dove ,gray4--,two hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #e p>ts ultram>9e blue2 #b p>ts drop black4 ,fr5* ,gray4--,"o hundr$ & fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts lampblack2 #a "p orange *rome yell[2 #a "p *rome r$ 7,am]ican v]milion74 ,lead ,color4--,fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p lampblack 7increase proportion ( :ite lead = light t9ts74 ,lu/r\s ,gray4--,t5 p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p graphite 7plumbago74 ,olive ,gray4--,two hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts lampblack2 #a "p m$ium *rome gre54 ,pure ,gray4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p drop black4 ,pe>l ,gray4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #a "p ultram>9e blue2 #a "p drop black4 ,silv] ,gray4--,"o hundr$ & fifty p>ts :ite lead2 #b p>ts lampblack2 #c p>ts ,ox=d o*]4 ,w>m ,gray4--,"o hundr$ p>ts :ite lead2 #c p>ts drop black2 #b p>ts ,fr5* o*]2 #a "p light ,v5etian r$4 ,,note4--,= inside "w & :5ev] desirable1 ! :ite lead may be replac$ by z9c :ite or a mixture ( ! two :ite pigm5ts may be us$4 ,be x also rememb]$ t pure colors1 z a rule1 w produce ! cleane/ t9ts & t f95ess ( gr9d+ is an important factor4 ,x w n be amiss to call att5tion to ! fact t ! excessive use ( dri]s1 especially ( d>k japans or liquid dri]s1 ) delicate t9ts is bad practice1 & liable to ru9 o!rwise good effects 9 t9ts or delicate solid colors4 ,,color ,,te/+4 ,exp5se & tr\ble det] _m a pa9t] f hav+ a color exam9$1 #efj al?\gh su* an exam9ation is (t5 v necess>y4 ,= ! practical man x is less important to "k :at p]c5tage ( =eign matt] a pa9t conta9s1 b :e!r sub/ances are conta9$ !re91 :i* may act injuri\sly 9 "s way or o!r4 ,if a pigm5t is to be te/$ = ars5ic1 p\r purifi$ hydro*loric acid into a te/ tube or a ,u-%ap$ glass vessel :i* )/&s heat1 add a little ( ! pigm5t or ! color$ fabric1 wall pap]1 etc4 7( pigm5t take only en\gh to /rongly color ! hydro*loric acid simply 9 ! fir/ mom5t71 & f9ally a small quantity ( /ann\s *loride4 ,n[ heat ! te/ tube ) its cont5ts mod]ately ov] a common _s lamp4 ,if ! liquid or mass has assum$ a br[n or br[ni% color aft] be+ heat$1 ars5ic is pres5t 9 ! pigm5t or fabric1 etc4 ,an effective b simple te/ = ! durability ( a color is to pa9t /rips ( ?ick pap] & nail !m on ! wall 9 ! /ronge/ light possible4 ,a /rip ( pap] %\ld !n be nail$ ov] "o-half ( ! samples ( color s z to protect !m f ! light4 ,on remov+ ?is ! diff]5ce 9 %ade betwe5 ! expos$ & unexpos$ portions w be v app>5t4 ,"s colors1 su* z ! v]milionettes1 w %[ a m>k$ diff]5ce aft] ev5 a few weeks4 ,te/+ ,body ,colors = ,gritty ,admixtures4--,! f95ess ( ! p[d]$ pigm5t is n a gu>antee ( ! abs5ce ( gritty admixtures4 ,! latt] diff] f ! pigm5t prop] 9 _! specific gravity4 ,if consi/+ ( metallic oxides or metallic sulphides ! s&y admixtures are light] ?an ! pigm5ts & rise to ! surface ^u a sy/ematic %ak+ ( ! sample4 ,9 ! case ( o!r pigm5ts1 e4 g41 alum9as & iron v>ni% colors1 !y collect at ! bottom4 ,= c>ry+ out ! te/1 a smoo?ly bor$ metallic tube ab\t #a_/b to #c_/d in* 9 diamet] & #f to #g in*es long is us$4 ,bo? ends are clos$ ) screw caps & at "o side ( ! tube "s holes ab\t #a_/f ( an in* 9 diamet] are bor$1 clos$ by pieces ( a rubb] hose pu%$ on4 ,! tube is fill$ ) ! pigm5t p[d]1 screw$ up & feebly %ak5 = "s "t 9 a v]tical position 7! l5g? ( "t v>y+ accord+ to ! f95ess ( ! p[d]74 ,samples may n[ be tak5 f all p>ts ( ! tube4 ,p]haps glass tubes w\ld be pref]able1 b lat]al ap]tures _c be s readily made4 ,aft] ! necess>y samples h be5 collect$ 9 ?is mann]1 !y mu/ be prep>$ ) a /&>d sample1 :i* is accompli%$ ei!r by feel+ ! p[d] betwe5 ! f+]s or by inspect+ x "u a microscope1 or else by means ( ! scrat*+ te/1 :i* la/ nam$ is ! usual way4 ,! requisites = ^! scrat* te/s consi/ ( two s(t1 well-poli%$ glass plates 7#b #a_/b x #b #a_/d in*es7 :i* are fix$ by means ( cem5t 9 two /rong] plates ( h>d wood suitably holl[$ out4 ,! surface ( ! glass mu/ project ab\t #a_/b in* ov] ! wood5 frame4 ,if a sample ( ! pigm5t p[d] is plac$ on su* a glass plate1 ano!r plate is laid on top & bo? are rubb$ sl[ly toge!r2 ?is motion w reta9 a s(t1 velvety "* 9 case ! pigm5t is free f gritty admixtures2 if o!rwise1 ! glass is injur$ & a correspond+ s\nd becomes audible4 ,next ! p[d] is remov$ f ! plate1 rubb+ ! latt] ) a s(t rag1 & exam9+ ! surface ) a microscope4 ,f ! nature ( ! scrat*es on ! plate ! k9d ( gritty +r$i5ts c be readily det]m9$4 ,! human f+] is suffici5tly s5sitive to detect ! pres5ce ( gritty sub/ances1 yet x is n capable ( di/+ui%+ :e!r !y consi/ ( imp]fectly r$uc$ or badly sift$ gra9s ( pigm5t or real gritty admixtures4 ,to ,det]m9e ! ,cov]+ ,p[] ( ,pigm5ts4--,to det]m9e ! cov]+ p[] ( :ite lead1 or any o!r pigm5t1 take equal quantities ( sev]al v>ieties ( :ite lead & mix !m ) a d>k] pigm5t1 black1 blue1 etc41 ! latt] also 9 equal proportions4 ,! :ite lead :i* reta9s ! lighte/ color is naturally ! mo/ opaque4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 on ! o!r h&1 ! mix+ p[] ( ! d>k pigm5ts c be asc]ta9$4 ,if exp]im5ts are made ) a v>iety ( :ite lead or z9c :ite1 by ! admixture ( d>k pigm5ts1 ! color :i* t9ts ! :ite lead or z9c :ite mo/1 also possesses ! greate/ cov]+ or mix+ p[]4 ,to ,detect ! ,pres5ce ( ,anil9e 9 a ,pigm5t4--,lay a little ( ! color ^u lett] pap] & p\r a drop ( _s on x4 ,if x is mix$ ) anil9e ! pap] is color$ "r ?r\gh !reby1 :ile a pure pigm5t does n alt] ! %ade ( ! pap] & w nev] p5etrate x4 ,vehicle = ,oil ,colors4--,petroleum1 #bj to #cj p\nds2 tall[1 #c to #e p\nds2 cotton-se$ oil1 #e to #g p\nds2 colophony1 #e to #g p\nds4 ,! pigm5ts #efa hav+ be5 gr\nd up ) ?is mixture1 ! mix$ pa9t c be made /ill bett] by add+ to x ab\t a six? ( its weight ( ! foll[+ mixture3 ,vegetable oil1 #h to #bj p\nds2 saponifi$ ros91 #f to #af p\nds2 turp5t9e1 #d to #cj ounces4 ,frank=t ,black4--,frank=t black1 also kn[n z ,g]man black1 is a "n appli$ to a sup]ior grade ( lampblack4 ,9 "s di/ricts ( ,g]many x is said to be made by calc9+ w9e lees & t>t>4 ,! mat]ial is heat$ 9 l>ge cyl9drical vessels hav+ a v5t 9 ! cov] = ! escape ( smoke & vapors t are evolv$ dur+ ! process4 ,:5 no m smoke is obs]v$1 ! op]ation is f9i%$4 ,! residuum 9 ! vessels is !n wa%$ sev]al times 9 boil+ wat] to extract ! salts conta9$ !re9 & f9ally is r$uc$ to ! prop] degree ( f95ess by gr9d+ on a porphyry4 ,p>is ,gre54--,em]ald or ,p>is gre5 is r p]man5t to light1 b mu/ n be mix$ ) pigm5ts conta9+ sulphur1 because ( ! t5d5cy to black5 :5 s mix$4 ,x w n resi/ acids1 ammonia1 & cau/ics4 ,,pigm5t ,,pap]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,pile ,,o9tm5ts4 ,i4--8,extract0 wit*-hazel #b fluid\nces ,lanum #b ounces ,petrolatum #f ounces ,glyc]9e #d fluid\nces ,tannic acid #a dra*m ,p[d]$ opium #a dra*m ,,ii4--,tannic acid #bj gra9s ,bismu? subnitrate #a dra*m ,p[d]$ opium #aj gra9s ,lanum #c dra*ms ,petrolatum #e dra*ms ,,p9e ,,syrup3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,p9eapple ,,ess5ce3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,p9eapple ,,lemonade3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,p+ ,,pong ,,frapp3 ,see ,bev]ages1 "u ,lemonades4 ,,p9s ,,( ,,wat*es3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,p9ion ,,alloy3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,p9k ,,salve3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,p9keye3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,pipe-,,jo9t ,,cem5t3 ,see ,cem5t4 ,,pipe ,,leaks3 ,see ,leaks4 ,,pipes1 ,,ru/-,,prev5tive ,,=3 ,see ,ru/ ,prev5tives4 ,,pi/a*io ,,ess5ce3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,plants3 ,temp]ature ( ,wat] = ,wat]+ ,plants4--,exp]im5ts 7 made sev]al ye>s ago at ! ,wiscons9 ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation to det]m9e :e!r cold wat] 0 detrim5tal to plants4 ,plants 7 gr[n "u glass & 9 ! op5 field1 & 9 all cases ! results 7 simil>4 ,?us1 coleus plant$ 9 lots ( equal size & vigor 7 wat]$ ) wat] at #ce1 #ej1 #fe1 & #hf ,f4 ,at ! end ( #fj days x 0 impossible to note any diff]5ce1 & :5 ! exp]im5t 0 repeat$ ) wat] at #cb1 #dj1 #gj1 & #ajj ,f41 ! result 0 ! same4 ,beans wat]$ ) wat] at #cb1 #dj1 #gj1 & #ajj ,f41 7 equally vigor\s2 9 fact1 wat] at #cb & #dj ,f4 gave ! be/ results4 ,lettuce wat]$ ) wat] at #cb ,f4 yield$ slightly m ?an ! o!r lots4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts x 0 conclud$ t = vegetable & fl[]+ plants commonly gr[n "u glass1 ord9>y well or spr+ wat] may be us$ freely at any "t ( ! ye> )\t w>m+4 ,,plant ,,pres]vatives3 ,see ,fl[]s4 ,pla/] 7,see also ,gypsum47 ,!rapeutic ,gr\p+ ( ,m$ic9al ,pla/]s4--,! vehicle = m$icat$ pla/]s requires "s o!r attribute ?an simply adhesiv5ess4 ,f a /udy ( ! !rapy ( pla/]s !y may be put 9 ?ree gr\ps1 simil>ly to ! o9tm5ts ) ref]5ce to _! g5]al !rapeutic uses1 :i* also gov]ns ! selection ( ! respective vehicles4 #a4--;,epid]matic3 ,supportive1 protective1 antiseptic1 c\nt]-irritant1 vesicant4 ,vehicle3 ,rubb] or any suitable #efb adhesive4 ,(ficial pla/]s3 ,emp4 adhesivum1 ,e4 capsici4 #b4--;,end]matic3 ,anodyne1 a/r+5t1 alt]ative1 resolv5t1 s$ative1 /imulant4 ,vehicle3 ,oleates or lead pla/]1 sometimes ) ros9s or gum ros9s4 ,(ficial pla/]s3 ,emp4 ,belladonn1 ,e4 opii1 ,e4 plumbi1 ,e4 saponis4 #c4--;,diad]matic3 ,= con/itutional or sy/emic effects4 ,vehicle3 ,lanol9 or pla/]-mull4 ,(ficial pla/]s3 ,emp4 hydr>gyri4 ,me?ods ( ,prep>+ ,rubb] ,pla/]s4--,me*anic ,roll] ,pressure ,me?od4--,?is me?od ( incorporat+ ! rubb] ) c]ta9 sub/ances to give x ! necess>y body to s]ve z a vehicle is at pres5t ! only "o employ$4 ,b s9ce x requires ! use ( ! heavie/ ma*9]y--"s ( ! app>atus weigh+ _m tons--& enorm\s /eam p[]1 its application = ph>maceutical purposes is out ( ! "q4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! process consi/s 93 #a4 ,purification ( ! rubb] by masc]at+ & press+ x & remov+ =eign impurities by elutriat+ x ) wat]4 #b4 ,=m+ a homog5e\s mass ( ! dri$ purifi$ rubb] by work+ x on heat$ revolv+ roll]s & incorporat+ suffici5t quantities ( orris p[d] & oleores9s4 #c4 ,incorporat+ ! m$ic9al ag5t1 i4 e41 belladonna extract1 ) ! rubb] mass by work+ x on w>m$ revolv+ roll]s4 #d4 ,spread+ ! prep>$ pia/]4 ,solution 9 ,volatile ,solv5ts4--,?is process has be5 recomm5d$ f "t to "t1 ! pr9cipal objection be+ ! use ( s relatively l>ge quantities ( inflammable solv5ts4 ,! ,g]man ,ph>macopia ,me?od4--,! foll[+ is ! =mula ( 8,arzneibu* fur das ,deuts*e ,rei*10 #aijj3 ,empla/rum adhesivum3 ,lead pla/]1 wat]free1 #dj p>ts2 petrolatum1 #b4e p>ts2 liquid petrolatum1 #b4e p>ts1 are melt$ toge!r1 & to ! mixture add ros91 #ce p>ts2 damm>1 #aj p>ts1 previ\sly melt$4 ,to ! w>m mixture is add$ ca\t*\c1 #aj p>ts2 dissolv$ 9 b5z9e1 #ge p>ts1 & ! mixture /irr$ on ! wat]-ba? until all ! b5z9e is lo/ by evaporation4 ,! ,colepla/rum adhesivum ( ! ,au/rian ,society is /ill m complex1 ! =mula conta9+ ! foll[+3 ,ros9 oil1 empyreumatic1 #aej p>ts2 copaiba1 #ajj p>ts2 ros91 #ajj p>ts2 l>d1 #ej p>ts2 wax1 #cj p>ts2 dissolv$ 9 e!r1 #a1bjj p>ts1 9 :i* ca\t*\c1 #bej p>ts1 has be5 previ\sly dissolv$2 to ?is is !n add$ orris p[d]1 #bbj p>ts2 s&>ac1 #ej p>ts2 e!r1 #djj p>ts4 ,! mixture1 :5 uni=m1 is spread on clo?4 ,solution ( ,rubb] 9 ,fix$ ,solv5t3 ,petrolatum & ,incorporation ) ,lead ,acetate4--,india rubb] dissolves1 ?\gh ) difficulty1 9 petrolatum4 ,! heat requir$ to melt ! rubb] be+ comp>atively high1 usually consid]ably m ?an #bab ,f41 z /at$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,p41 x is necess>y to melt ! rubb] fir/ & !n add ! petrolatum1 9 ord] to avoid subject+ ! latt] to ! high] temp]ature4 ,! mixture ( equal p>ts ( rubb] & petrolatum is ( a s(t jelly consi/5ce1 n especially adhesive1 b :5 incorporat$ ) ! lead oleate furni%es a v adhesive pla/]4 ,:ile at fir/ #e p] c5t ( ea* rubb] & petrolatum 0 us$1 x has be5 f\nd t ! petrolatum w\ld melt & exude ar\nd ! edges ( ! pla/] :5 appli$ to ! sk91 & ! quantity 0 !re=e r$uc$ to #b p] c5t ( ea*4 ,?is mass af=ds a pla/] :i* is readily adhesive to ! body1 does n run nor become too s(t4 ,pla/]s spread on clo? h be5 kept = mon?s expos$ to ! sun 9 ! summ] wea!r )\t los+ _! /ability or p]man5cy4 ,! lead oleate made by ! int]action ( hot solution ( soap & lead acetate1 ?or\ghly wa%$ ) hot wat]1 & fre$ f wat] by work+ ! precipitat$ oleate on a hot tile1 is mu* to be pref]r$ to ! lead pla/] made by ! pres5t (ficial process4 ,! "t-honor$ me?od ( boil+ li?>ge1 olive oil1 & wat] is = ! requirem5ts ( ! ph>maci/s mo/ t$i\s & unsatisfactory4 ,s9ce 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! process1 at lea/1 a temp]ature high] ?an t ( #bab ,f4 is requir$1 ! wat] ba? _c be employ$1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( ?is limit+ device ! product is usually 8scor*$40 ,:5 ! /eam ba? "u pressure c be us$ ?is objection does n apply4 ,b ! boil+ process requires f #c to #d h\rs1 ) m or less att5tion1 :ile ! precipitation me?od does n take ov] half an h\r4 ,besides1 true li?>ge is difficult to obta91 & any o!r k9d w produce unsatisfactory results4 ,! foll[+ is ! process employ$3 ,lead oleate 7,empla/rum plumbi73 ,soap1 granul> & dri$ #ajj p>ts ,lead acetate #fj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 #efc ,dissolve ! soap 9 #cej p>ts hot di/ill$ wat] & /ra9 ! solution4 ,dissolve ! lead acetate 9 #bej p>ts hot di/ill$ wat] & filt] ! solution :ile hot into ! w>m soap solution1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,:5 ! precipitate :i* has =m$ has sep>at$1 decant ! liquid & wa% ! precipitate ?or\ghly ) hot wat]4 ,remove ! precipitate1 let x dra91 free f wat] completely by knead+ x on a w>m slab1 =m x into rolls1 wrap 9 p>aff9e pap]1 & pres]ve 9 tightly clos$ conta9]s4 ,empla/rum adhesivum3 ,rubb]1 cut 9 small pieces #bj p>ts ,petrolatum #bj p>ts ,lead pla/] #ifj p>ts ,melt ! rubb] at a temp]ature n exce$+ #cjb ,f41 add ! petrolatum1 & cont9ue ! heat until ! rubb] is dissolv$4 ,add ! lead pla/] to ! hot mixture1 cont9ue ! heat until x becomes liquid2 !n let x cool & /ir until x /iff5s4 ,c\rt ,pla/] or ,/ick+ ,pla/]4--,i4--,bru% silk ov] ) a solution ( is+lass1 9 spirits or w>m wat]1 dry & repeat sev]al times4 ,= ! la/ application apply sev]al coats ( balsam ( ,p]u4 ,?is is us$ to close cuts or w\nds1 by w>m+ & apply+ x4 ,x does n wa% (f until ! sk9 p>tially heals4 ,,ii4--,is+lass1 #a "p2 wat]1 #aj p>ts2 dissolve1 /ra9 ! solution1 & gradually add to x ( t9cture ( b5zo91 #b p>ts2 apply ?is mixture g5tly w>m$1 by means ( a camel's-hair bru%1 to ! surface ( silk or s>c5et1 /ret*$ on a frame1 & all[ ea* coat+ to dry be=e apply+ ! next "o1 ! application be+ repeat$ z (t5 z necess>y2 la/ly1 give ! prep>$ surface a coat+ ( t9cture ( b5zo9 or t9cture ( balsam ( ,p]u4 ,"s manufactur]s apply ?is to ! unprep>$ side ( ! pla/]1 & o!rs add to ! t9cture a few drops ( ess5ce ( amb]gris or ess5ce ( musk4 ,,iii4 7,des*amps74--,a piece ( f9e musl91 l951 or silk is fa/5$ to a flat bo>d1 & a ?9 coat+ ( smoo?1 /ra9$ fl\r pa/e is giv5 to x2 ov] ?is1 :5 dry1 two coats ( colorless gelat91 made into size ) wat]1 quantity suffici5t1 are appli$ w>m4 ,said to be sup]ior to ! ord9>y c\rt pla/]4 ,color+ ( ,model+ ,pla/]4--,i4--,if burnt gypsum is /irr$ up ) wat] conta9+ =maldehyde & ) a little alkali1 & ! quantity ( wat] necess>y = ! induration ( ! pla/] conta9+ 9 solution a r$ucible metallic salt is add$ !reto1 a pla/] mass ( p]fectly uni=m color+ is obta9$4 ,! h>d5+ ( ! pla/] is n affect$ !reby4 ,accord+ to ! conc5tration ( ! metallic salt solutions & ! *oice ( ! salts1 ! mo/ v>y+ %ades ( color1 z black1 r$1 br[n1 violet1 pe>l gray1 & bronze may be produc$4 ,! color effect may be enhanc$ by ! addition ( c]ta9 colors4 ,= ! production ( a gray-color$ gypsum mass1 = example1 ! mode ( proc$ure is z foll[s3 ,/ir #ae dra*ms ( pla/] ) "o-f\r? its weight ( wat]1 conta9+ a few drops ( =maldehyde & a little soda lye & add #aj drops ( a "o-t5? normal silv] solution1 :i* has previ\sly be5 mix$ ) ! am\nt ( wat] necess>y = h>d5+ ! gypsum4 ,! mass w imm$iately ^u mix+ assume a pe>l-gray %ade1 uni=m ?r\gh\t4 ,9 ord] to produce r$ or copp]-l1 black or bronze-l %ades1 gold salts1 copp] salts or silv] salts1 bismu? salts or lead salts1 s+ly or mix$1 are us$4 ,naturally1 ^! color+s admit ( a l>ge numb] ( modifications4 ,9 lieu ( =maldehyde o!r r$uc+ ag5ts may be employ$1 su* z solutions ( sulphur\s acid or hydrog5 p]oxide ) a little alkali4 ,metals 9 ! elem5t>y /ate may likewise be made use (1 e4 g41 iron1 :i*1 /irr$ ) a little copp] solution & pla/]1 produces a br[n mass excell+ 9 special h>dness1 etc4 ,?is process ( color+ pla/] is di/+ui%$ f ! =m] me?ods 9 t ! coloration is caus$ by metals 9 ! nasc5t /ate & t a v f9e division is obta9$4 ,! advantage ( ! dye+ me?od consi/s 9 t color+s c be produc$ ) slight quantities ( a salt2 besides1 ! f9e cont\rs ( ! figures are 9 no way affect$ by ?is mann] ( color+1 & ano!r notable advantage lies 9 ! mass be+ color$ ?r\gh\t1 :]eby a great durability ( ! color aga9/ outside actions is assur$4 ,?us a peel+ (f ( ! color or o!r way ( becom+ deta*$1 su* z by rubb+ (f1 is entirely exclud$4 ,,ii4--,frequ5tly1 9 ord] to obta9 color$ pla/] objects1 o*] or p[d]$ colors are mix$ ) ! pla/]4 ,?is me?od leaves mu* to be desir$1 because ! mixture is n always p]fect1 & in/ead ( ! expect$ uni=m color1 blot*es appe>4 ,"h is a m #efd c]ta9 recipe3 ,boil brazil wood1 logwood1 or yell[ wood1 9 wat]1 accord+ to ! desir$ color1 or use extracts ( ! woods4 ,:5 ! dye is cold mix x ) ! pla/]4 ,! dye mu/ be pass$ ?r\gh a clo? be=e use4 ,"o may also imm]se ! pla/] articles1 m$als1 etc41 9 ?is dye1 b 9 ?is case !y mu/ be left = "s "t & ! op]ation repeat$ sev]al times4 ,treatm5t ( ,fre% ,pla/]4--,fre%ly pla/]$ cem5t surfaces on walls may be treat$ z foll[s3 ,! fre%ly pla/]$ surface fir/ rema9s )\t any coat+ = ab\t #ad days2 !n x is coat$ ) a mixture ( #ej p>ts wat] & #aj p>ts ammonia c>bonate dissolv$ 9 hot wat]2 leave ?is coat alone = a day1 pa9t x aga9 & wait until ! cem5t has tak5 on a uni=m gray color1 :i* takes place z a rule 9 #ab to #ad days4 ,!n prime ! surface ?us obta9$ ) pure v>ni% & f9i% ! coat+1 aft] dry+1 ) ord9>y v>ni% pa9t or turp5t9e pa9t4 ,pla/] = ,f\ndry ,models4--,gum lac1 #a "p2 wood _s1 #b p>ts2 lampblack 9 suffici5t quantity to dye4 ,pla/] f ,sp5t ,gas ,lime4--,sp5t lime f gas purifi]s1 9 :i* ! sulphur has be5 conv]t$ into calcium sulphate1 by exposure to wea!r1 if necess>y1 is mix$ ) clay ri* 9 alum9a4 ,! mixture is p[d]$1 =m$ into balls or blocks ) wat]1 & calc9$ at a temp]ature bel[ t at :i* ! sett+ qualities ( calcium sulphate are de/roy$4 ,slak$ lime1 clay1 & s& are add$ to ! calc9$ product1 & ! :ole is f9ely p[d]$4 ,pla/] ,mold4--,ne>ly all f9e grades ( metals c be ca/ 9 pla/] molds1 provid$ only a few pieces ( ! ca/+s are want$4 ,d5tal pla/] %\ld be us$1 ) ab\t "o-half ( %ort asbe/os4 ,mix ! two well toge!r1 & :5 ! mold is complete let x dry 9 a w>m place = sev]al days1 or until all ! moi/ure is exclud$4 ,if ! mold is ( consid]able ?ickness x w answ] ! purpose bett]4 ,:5 ready = ca/+1 ! pla/] mold %\ld be w>m$1 & smok$ ov] a gas light2 !n ! metal %\ld be p\r$ 91 9 z cool a /ate z x w run4 ,clean+ ( ,/atuettes & ,o!r ,pla/] ,objects4--,no?+ takes ! du/ m freely ?an pla/] objects1 m or less arti/ic1 :i* are ! mode/ ornam5ts ( our dwell+s4 ,!y rapidly contract a yell[-gray color1 ( unpleasant appe>ance4 ,"h is a practical me?od = re/or+ ! :it5ess3 ,take f9ely p[d]$ />*1 q :ite1 & make a ?ick pa/e ) hot wat]4 ,apply1 :5 /ill hot1 ) a flexible spatula or a bru% on ! pla/] object4 ,! lay] %\ld be q ?ick4 ,let x dry sl[ly4 ,on dry+1 ! />* w split & scale (f4 ,all ! soil$ p>ts ( ! pla/] w adh]e1 & be drawn (f ) ! scales4 ,?is me?od ( clean+ does n detract f ! f95ess ( ! model4 ,h>d5+ & ,t\gh5+ ,pla/] ( ,p>is4--,i4--,pla/] ( ,p>is at times sets too rapidly2 !re=e ! foll[+ recipe = t\gh5+ & delay+ dry+ w be useful4 ,to calc9$ pla/] ( ,p>is add #d p] c5t ( its weight ( p[d]$ m>%mall[ root1 :i* w keep x f sett+ = ab\t an h\r1 & augm5t its h>dness :5 set1 or d\ble ! quantity ( m>%mall[ root p[d]1 & ! pla/] w become v firm1 & may be work$ #b or #c h\rs aft] mix+1 & may be c>v$ & poli%$ :5 h>d4 ,x is ess5tial t ^! p[d]s1 :i* are ( diff]5t d5sities & specific gravities1 %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$1 & ! pla/] ( ,p>is be q fre%1 & x mu/ be pass$ ?r\gh f9e hair sieves to ensure its be+ an impalpable p[d]4 ,to ensure ?or\gh mix+1 pass ! comb9$ p[d]s ?r\gh ! hair sieve ?ree times4 ,make up ) wat] suffici5t = ! requir$ model or models4 ,%\ld any ( ! p[d] be left ov] x may be kept by be+ put 9 an air-tight box & plac$ 9 a w>m room4 ,! m>%mall[ root p[d] may be replac$ by dextr91 gum arabic1 or glue4 ,! mat]ial treat$ is suitable :ile yet 9 a s(t /ate1 = roll+1 glass-tube develop+1 mak+ plates1 etc4 ,,ii4--,pla/] ( ,p>is may be caus$ to set m quickly if "s alum be dissolv$ 9 ! wat] us$ = r5d]+ x pla/ic4 ,if ! gypsum is fir/ moi/5$ ) a solution ( alum & !n aga9 burn$1 ! result+ comp\nd sets v quickly & becomes z h>d z m>ble4 ,borax may be simil>ly employ$4 ,! objects may also be be treat$ ) a solution ( cau/ic b>yta4 ,b x has be5 f\nd t no matt] h[ deep ?is p5etrates1 ! b>yta is aga9 drawn t[>d ! surface :5 ! wat] evaporates1 a portion effloresc+ on ! outside1 & only a ?9 lay] rema9+ 9 ! out] %ell1 :]e x is conv]t$ into c>bonate4 ,?is at ! same "t #efe /ops up ! pores1 r5d]+ x impossible to repeat ! op]ation4 ,x 0 lat] f\nd t ! :ole mass ( ! ca/ might be h>d5$ by apply+ to x ) a bru% made ( glass bri/les1 a hot solution ( b>yta4 ,to prev5t sep>ation ( ! cry/alliz$ b>yta at ! surface1 ! object mu/ be rais$ to a temp]ature ( #adj to #age ,f4 ,to produce good results1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to add to ! pla/] be=e ca/+ c]ta9 sub/ances ) :i* ! b>yta c comb9e4 ,^! are silicic acid 9 "s =m1 or ! sulphates ( z9c1 magnesium1 copp]1 iron1 alum9um1 etc4 ,) "s ( ^! ! result+ object may be color$4 ,z x is1 h[ev]1 difficult to insure ! production ( uni=m t9t1 x is bett] :5 employ+ salts produc+ color1 to mix ! pla/] ) ab\t #e p] c5t ( quicklime1 or1 bett]1 to r5d] x pla/ic ) milk ( lime1 & !n to soak ! object 9 a solution ( metallic sulphate4 ,pres]vation ( ,pla/] ,ca/s4--,^u complete dry+1 small objects are laid = a %ort :ile 9 celluloid v>ni% ( #d p] c5t1 :ile l>ge articles are pa9t$ ) x1 f ! top d[nw>d1 us+ a s(t bru%4 ,articles set up outside & expos$ to ! wea!r are n protect$ by ?is treatm5t1 :ile o!rs c be readily wa%$ (f & clean$ ) wat]4 ,to cov] #ajj squ>e feet ( surface1 #a #c_/d p9ts ( celluloid v>ni% are requir$4 ,to ,arre/ ! ,sett+ ( ,pla/] ( ,p>is4--,citric acid w delay ! sett+ ( pla/] ( ,p>is = sev]al h\rs4 ,"o ounce ( acid1 at a co/ ( ab\t #e c5ts1 w be suffici5t to delay ! sett+ ( #ajj p\nds ( pla/] ( ,p>is = #b or #c h\rs4 ,dissolve ! acid 9 ! wat] be=e mix+ ! pla/]4 ,wea!rpro(+ ,ca/s4--,i4--,bre?au]'s me?od ( prep>+ pla/] ( ,p>is ca/s = resi/+ ! action ( ! wea!r is z foll[s3 ,slake #a "p ( f9ely pulv]iz$ lime to a pa/e1 !n mix gypsum ) limewat] & intimately mix bo?4 ,f ! comp\nd ?us prep>$ ! figures are ca/4 ,:5 p]fectly dry !y are pa9t$ ) hot l9se$ oil1 repeat+ ! op]ation sev]al times1 !n ) l9se$-oil v>ni%1 & f9ally ) :ite oil pa9t4 ,/atues1 etc41 prep>$ 9 ?is way h be5 con/antly expos$ to ! action ( ! wea!r = #d ye>s )\t suff]+ any *ange4 ,,ii4--,jacobs5 prep>es ca/s :i* reta9 no du/1 & c be wa%$ ) lukew>m soap wat] by imm]s+ !m or ?r[+ ^u !m 9 a f9e spray a hot solution ( a soap prep>$ f /e>ic acid & soda lye 9 t5 times its quantity1 by weight1 ( hot wat]4 ,reproduction ( ,pla/] ,orig9als4--,?is new process consi/s 9 mak+ a pla/] mold ov] ! orig9al 9 ! usual mann]4 ,aft] ! solidification ( ! pla/] ! mass ( ! orig9al is remov$1 z usual1 by cutt+ out & r9s+ out4 ,! ca/+ mold ?us obta9$ is next fill$ out ) a c]amic mass consi/+ ( gypsum1 #a "p2 p[d]$ porcela91 #e p>ts2 & flux1 #a "p4 ,aft] ! mass has h>d5$ x is bak$ 9 ! mold4 ,?is r5d]s ! latt] brittle & x falls ap>t on moi/5+ ) wat] :ile ! infusion rema9s z a firm body1 :i* pres5ts all ! details ( ! orig9al 9 a true mann]4 ,,pla/] ,,articles1 ,,repair+ ,,(3 ,see ,adhesives & ,lutes4 ,,pla/] ,,grease3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,pla/]1 ,,pa9ts ,,=3 ,see ,pa9ts4 ,,pla/] ,,( ,,p>is1 ,,molds ,,= ,,ca/+3 ,see ,ca/+4 ,,pla/ic ,,compositions3 ,see ,celluloid & ,matrix ,mass4 ,,pla/]1 ,,irritat+3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,plates1 ,,c>e ,,( ,,photographic3 ,see ,photography4 ,,plat9a1 ,,birm+ham3 ,see ,alloys1 "u ,brass4 ,plat+ ,! plat+ ( metal surfaces is accompli%$ 9 f\r diff]5t ways3 7#a7 ,by oxidation1 usually involv+ dipp+ 9 an acid ba?2 7#b7 by electrodeposition1 involv+ susp5sion 9 a metallic solution1 ?r\gh :i* an electric curr5t is pass$2 7#c7 by apply+ a pa/e t is fix$1 z by burn+ 92 7#d7 by p\r+ on molt5 plat+ metal & roll+4 ,= conv5i5ce ! me?ods ( plat+ are arbitr>ily classifi$ bel[ "u ! foll[+ head+s3 #a4 ,bronz+4 #b4 ,color+ ( ,metals4 #c4 ,electrodeposition ,processes4 #d4 ,gild+ & ,gold-,plat+4 #eff #e4 ,oxidiz+ ,processes4 #f4 ,pat9a ,oxidiz+ ,processes4 #g4 ,plat9iz+4 #h4 ,silv]+ & ,silv]-,plat+4 #i4 ,t9n$ ,lead-,plat+4 #aj4 ,v>i\s ,recipes4 ,,bronz+3 ,art ,bronzes4--,^! are bronzes ( diff]5t t9ts1 %[+ a great v>iety accord+ to ! ta/e & fancy ( ! op]ator4 ,i4--,aft] imp>t+ to an object a coat+ ( v]t antique1 x is bru%$ to remove ! v]digris1 & ano!r coat is appli$ ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,v9eg>1 #a1jjj p>ts1 by weight2 p[d]$ blood/one1 #abe p>ts1 by weight2 plumbago1 #be p>ts1 by weight4 ,f9i% ) a wax$ bru% & a coat ( :ite v>ni%4 ,,ii4--,cov] ! object ) a mixture ( v9eg>1 #a1jjj p>ts1 by weight2 p[d]$ blood/one1 #abe p>ts1 by weight2 plumbago1 #be p>ts1 by weight2 sal ammoniac1 #cb p>ts1 by weight2 ammonia1 #cb p>ts1 by weight2 sea salt1 #cb p>ts1 by weight4 ,f9i% z above4 ,antique ,bronzes4--,9 ord] to give new bronze ca/+s ! appe>ance & pat9a ( old bronze1 v>i\s compositions are employ$1 ( :i* ! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal ones3 ,i4--,v]t ,antique3 ,v9eg>1 #a1jjj p>ts1 by weight2 copp] sulphate1 #af p>ts1 by weight2 sea salt1 #cb p>ts1 by weight2 sal ammoniac1 #cb p>ts1 by weight2 m\nta9 gre5 7,s&]s gre571 #gj p>ts1 by weight2 *rome yell[1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 ammonia1 #cb p>ts1 by weight4 ,,ii4--,v]t ,antique3 ,v9eg>1 #a1jjj p>ts1 by weight2 copp] sulphate1 #af p>ts1 by weight2 sea salt1 #cb p>ts1 by weight2 sal ammoniac1 #cb p>ts1 by weight2 m\nta9 gre51 #gj p>ts1 by weight2 ammonia1 #cb p>ts1 by weight4 ,,iii4--,d>k ,v]t ,antique3 ,to obta9 d>k] v]t antique1 add a little plumbago to ! prec$+ mixtures4 ,,iv4--,v9eg>1 #a1jjj p>ts1 by weight2 sal ammoniac1 #h p>ts1 by weight2 potassium bioxalate1 #a "p1 by weight4 ,brass ,bronz+4--,i4--,imm]se ! articles1 fre$ f dirt & grease1 into a cold solution ( #aj p>ts ( potassium p]manganate1 #ej p>ts ( iron sulphate1 #e p>ts ( hydro*loric acid1 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,let rema9 #cj seconds2 !n )draw1 r9se (f1 & dry 9 f9e1 s(t sawdu/4 ,if ! articles h become too d>k1 or if a r$di%-br[n color be desir$1 imm]se = ab\t #a m9ute into a w>m 7#fj ,c4 or #adj ,f47 solution ( *romic acid1 #aj p>ts2 hydro*loric acid1 #aj p>ts2 potassium p]manganate1 #aj p>ts2 iron sulphate1 #ej p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,treat z be=e4 ,if ! latt] solution alone be us$ ! product w be a bright] d>k yell[ or r$di%-br[n color4 ,by heat+ 9 a dry+ ov5 ! tone ( ! colors is improv$4 ,,ii4--,r\ge1 ) a little *loride ( plat9um & wat]1 w =m a *ocolate br[n ( consid]able dep? ( tone & is exce$+ly applicable to brass surfaces :i* are to resemble a copp] bronze4 ,copp] ,bronz+4--,i4--,aft] clean+ ! pieces1 a mixture made z foll[s is pass$ ov] !m ) a bru%3 ,ca/or oil1 #bj p>ts2 alcohol1 #hj p>ts2 s(t soap1 #dj p>ts2 wat]1 #dj p>ts4 ,! day aft] application1 ! piece has become bronz$2 & if ! "t is prolong$1 ! t9t w *ange4 ,?us1 an aff9ity ( %ades agreeable to ! eye c be procur$4 ,! piece is dri$ 9 hot sawdu/1 & colorless v>ni% ) l>ge addition ( alcohol is pass$ ov] x4 ,?is =mula = bronz+ galvanic app>atus imp>ts any %ade desir$1 f ,b>bodi5ne bronze to antique gre51 provid$ ! liquid rema9s = "s "t 9 contact ) ! copp]4 ,,ii4--,acetate ( copp]1 #f p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #g p>ts2 acetic acid1 #a "p2 di/ill$ wat]1 #ajj p>ts4 ,dissolve all 9 wat] 9 an e>!n or porcela9 vessel4 ,place on ! fire & heat slightly2 next1 ) a bru% give ! objects to be bronz$ #b or #c coats1 accord+ to ! %ade desir$4 ,x is necess>y t ea* coat be ?or\ghly dry be=e apply+ ano!r4 ,bronz+ ( ,gas ,fixtures4--,gas fixtures :i* h become dirty or t>ni%$ f use may be improv$ 9 appe>ance by pa9t+ ) bronze pa9t & !n1 if a /ill bett] f9i% is requir$1 v>ni%+ aft] ! pa9t is ?or\ghly dry ) "s light-color$ v>ni% t w give a h>d & brilliant coat+4 ,if ! bronze pa9t is made up ) ord9>y v>ni% x is liable to become discolor$ f acid :i* may be pres5t 9 ! v>ni%4 ,"o me?od propos$ = obviat+ ?is is to mix ! v>ni% ) ab\t #e times its volume ( _s ( turp5t9e1 add to ! mixture dri$ slak$ lime 9 ! proportion ( ab\t #dj gra9s to ! p9t1 agitate well1 #efg repeat+ ! agitation sev]al times1 & f9ally all[+ ! susp5d$ matt] to settle & decant+ ! cle> liquid4 ,! object ( ?is is1 ( c\rse1 to neutralize any acid :i* may be pres5t4 ,to det]m9e h[ effectively ?is has be5 done1 ! v>ni% may be *emically te/$4 ,iron ,bronz+4--,i4--,! surface ( a ca/+ previ\sly clean$ & poli%$ is ev5ly pa9t$ ) a vegetable oil1 e4 g41 olive oil1 & !n well heat$1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! temp]ature does n rise to a po9t at :i* ! oil w burn4 ,! ca/ iron absorbs oxyg5 at ! mom5t :5 ! decomposition ( ! oil beg9s1 & a br[n lay] ( oxide is =m$ :i* adh]es firmly to ! surface & :i* may be vigor\sly poli%$1 giv+ a bronze-l appe>ance to ! surface ( ! iron4 ,,ii4--,to give poli%$ iron ! appe>ance ( bronze comm5ce by clean+ ! objects1 !n subject !m = ab\t #e m9utes to ! vapor ( a mixture ( conc5trat$ hydro*loric & nitric acids2 !n sme> !m ) ,vasel9e & heat !m until ! vasel9e beg9s to decompose4 ,! result is a f9e bronz+4 ,liquid = ,bronze ,p[d]4--,take #b ounces gum animi & dissolve 9 #a_/b p9t l9se$ oil by add+ gradually :ile ! oil is be+ heat$4 ,boil1 /ra91 & dilute ) turp5t9e4 ,bronz+ ,metals4--,i4--,! foll[+ composition is recomm5d$ = bronz+ metal objects expos$ to ! air3 ,mix ab\t equal p>ts ( siccative1 rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e1 ca\t*\c oil1 & damm> v>ni%1 & apply ?is composition on ! objects1 us+ a bru%4 ,?is bronze has be5 f\nd to resi/ ! influ5ces ( ! wea!r4 ,,ii4--,cov] ! objects ) a light lay] ( l9se$ oil1 & !n heat ov] a coal fire1 prolong+ ! heat until ! desir$ %ade is rea*$4 ,,iii4--,expose ! objects to be bronz$ = ab\t #e m9utes to ! vapors ( a ba? compos$ ( #ej p>ts ( nitric acid & #ej p>ts ( conc5trat$ hydro*loric acid4 ,!n rub ! articles ) vasel9e & heat until ! vasel9e is decompos$4 ,! objects to be bronz$ mu/ always be p]fectly poli%$4 ,,iv4--,to bronze iron articles !y %\ld be laid 9 highly heat$ coal du/2 ! articles mu/ be cov]$ up 9 ! gl[+ du/1 & ! heat mu/ be ! same ?r\gh\t4 ,! iron turns at fir/ yell[1 !n blue1 & f9ally r black4 ,)draw ! objects :5 !y h atta9$ ! blue %ade or ! black color2 !n :ile !y are /ill hot1 rub !m ) a wad *>g$ ) tall[4 ,v4--,= electrolytic bronz+ ( metals ! ba?s employ$ diff] f ! brass ba?s only 9 t !y conta9 t9 9 solution in/ead ( z9c4 ,accord+ to ,elsn]1 dissolve #gj p>ts1 by weight1 ( cupric sulphate 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat] & add a solution ( #h p>ts ( /annic *loride 9 cau/ic lye4 ,= a positive pole plate put 9 a bronze plate4 ,! ba? works at ord9>y temp]ature4 ,,vi4--,a good ba? consi/s ( #aj p>ts ( pota%1 #b p>ts ( cupric *loride1 #a "p ( t9 salt1 #a "p ( cyanide ( potassium dissolv$ 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,,vii4--,mix a solution ( #cb p>ts ( copp] sulphate 9 #ejj p>ts ( wat] ) #fd p>ts ( cyanide ( potassium4 ,aft] ! solution has become cle>1 add #d to #e p>ts ( /annic *loride dissolv$ 9 pota% lye4 ,,viii4--,precipitate all soda f a solution ( blue vitriol by phosphate ( sodium1 wa% ! precipitate well1 & dissolve 9 a conc5trat$ solution ( pyrophosphate ( copp]4 ,also1 saturate a solution ( ! same salt ) t9 salt4 ,( bo? solutions add en\gh 9 su* proportion to a solution ( #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( pyrophosphate ( sodium 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat] until ! solution appe>s cle> & ( ! desir$ color4 ,a ca/ bronze plate s]ves z an anode4 ,f "t to "t a little soda1 or if ! precipitate turns out too pale1 copp] solution %\ld be add$4 ,t9 ,bronz+4--,! pieces are well wa%$ & all grease remov$2 next plung$ into a solution ( copp]as 7gre5 vitriol71 #a "p2 sulphate1 #a "p2 wat]1 #bj p>ts4 ,:5 dry !y are plung$ aga9 into a ba? compos$ ( v]digris1 #d p>ts2 dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ w9e v9eg>1 #aa p>ts4 ,wa%1 dry1 & poli% ) ,engli% r$4 ,z9c ,bronz+4--,! z9c article mu/ be fir/ electro-copp]$ be=e proce$+ to ! bronz+4 ,! process us$ is always ! same2 ! diff]5t %ades are1 h[ev]1 too num]\s to cov] all ( !m 9 "o explanation4 ,! bronz+ ( z9c clocks is mo/ frequ5tly done on a br[n gr\nd1 by mix+ graphite1 lampblack1 & sangu9e /irr$ 9 wat] 9 :i* a little ,fl&]s ,dut* glue is dissolv$4 ,! application is made by means ( a bru%4 ,:5 x is dry a #efh _s v>ni% is appli$2 next1 be=e ! v>ni% is p]fectly dry1 a little p[d]$ bronze or sangu9e or p[d]$ bronze mix$ ) sangu9e or ) graphite1 accord+ to ! desir$ %ades4 ,= gre5 bronze1 mix gre5 s&]s ) *rome yell[ /irr$ ) _s 9 :i* a little v>ni% is put4 ,:5 ! bronz+ is dry1 put on ! v>ni% & ! p[d]$ bronze z above describ$4 ,aft] all has dri$1 pass ! bru% ov] a piece ( wax1 !n ov] ! bronz$ article1 be+ c>eful to *>ge ! bru% frequ5tly ) wax4 ,,color+ ,,( ,,metals3 ,direct ,coloration ( ,iron & ,/eel by ,cupric ,sel5ite4--,iron precipitates copp] & sel5ium f _! salts4 ,imm]s$ 9 a solution ( cupric sel5ite1 acidulat$ ) a few drops ( nitric acid1 x precipitates ^! two metals on its surface 9 ! =m ( a dull black deposit1 b slightly adh]5t4 ,b1 if ! object is wa%$ ) wat]1 !n ) alcohol1 & rapidly dri$ ov] a gas burn]1 ! deposit becomes adh]5t4 ,if rubb$ ) a clo?1 ?is deposit turns a blue black or a brilliant black1 accord+ to ! composition ( ! ba?4 ,! sel5ite ( copp] is a gre5i% salt insoluble 9 wat]1 & b slightly soluble 9 wat] acidulat$ ) nitric or sulphuric acid4 ,x is pref]able to mix a solution ( cupric sulphate ) a solution ( sel5i\s acid1 & to acidulate ) nitric acid1 9 ord] to prev5t ! precipitation ( ! sel5ite ( copp]4 ,?is process1 orig9at$ by ,paul ,malh]be1 is q conv5i5t = black5+ or blu+ small objects ( iron or /eel1 su* z metallic p5s or o!r small pieces4 ,x does n succe$ s well = objects ( ca/ iron2 & ! sel5i\s acid is co/ly1 :i* is an ob/acle to its employm5t on l>ge metallic surfaces4 ,! ba?s are quickly impov]i%$1 = insoluble yell[ sel5ite ( iron is deposit$4 ,brilliant ,black ,coloration4--,sel5i\s acid1 #f p>ts2 cupric sulphate1 #aj p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts2 nitric acid1 #d to #f p>ts4 ,blue-,black ,coloration4--,sel5i\s acid1 #aj p>ts2 cupric sulphate1 #aj p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts2 nitric acid1 #d to #f p>ts4 ,by imm]s+ ! object = a %ort "t ! surface ( ! metal c be color$ 9 succession yell[1 rose1 purple1 violet & blue4 ,coloration ( ,copp] & ,brass ) ,cupric ,sel5ite4--,:5 an object ( copp] or brass is imm]s$ 9 a solution ( sel5ite ( copp] acidulat$ ) nitric acid1 ! foll[+ colors are obta9$1 accord+ to ! "t ( ! imm]sion3 ,yell[1 orange1 rose1 purple1 violet1 & blue1 :i* is ! la/ color :i* c be obta9$4 ,9 g5]al1 ! solution %\ld be slightly acid2 o!rwise ! color is fugaci\s & punctate4 a4 b4 ,sel5i\s acid #f4e #b4i p>ts ,sulphate ( copp] #ab4e #bj4j p>ts ,nitric acid #b4j #b4e p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj4j #a1jjj4j p>ts ,production ( ,ra9b[ ,colors on ,metals 7iron1 copp]1 brass1 z9c1 etc47--,i4--,! foll[+ process ( irisation is due to ,pus*]4 ,x all[s ( cov]+ ! metals ) a ?ick lay] ( metallic sulphide1 simil> to t met ) 9 nature--9 gal5a1 = example4 ,^! comp\nds are q solid & are n attack$ by conc5trat$ acids & alkalies1 :ile dilute reag5ts are )\t action4 ,9 #e m9utes ?\s&s ( objects ( brass c be color$ ) ! brighte/ hues4 ,if !y h be5 previ\sly clean$ *emically1 ! colors deposit$ on ! surface adh]e ) su* /r5g? t !y c be work$ ) ! burni%]4 ,=ty-five p>ts ( sodium hyposulphite are dissolv$ 9 #ejj p>ts ( wat]2 a solution ( #ae p>ts ( neutral acetate ( lead 9 #ejj p>ts ( wat] is p\r$ 94 ,! cle> mixture1 :i* is compos$ ( a d\ble salt ( hyposulphite ( lead & ( sodium1 possesses1 :5 heat$ to #bab ,f41 ! prop]ty ( decompos+ sl[ly & ( deposit+ br[n flakes ( lead sulphide4 ,if an article ( gold1 silv]1 copp]1 brass1 tombac1 iron1 or z9c is put into ?is ba? :ile ! precipitation is tak+ place1 ! object w be cov]$ ) a film ( lead sulphide1 :i* w give v>i$ & brilliant colors1 accord+ to its ?ickness4 ,= a uni=m coloration1 x is necess>y t ! pieces %\ld be heat$ q uni=mly4 ,h[ev]1 iron assumes "u ?is treatm5t only a blue color1 & z9c a bronze color4 ,on articles ( copp] ! fir/ gold color :i* appe>s is defective4 ,lead & t9 are n color$4 ,by sub/itut+ = ! neutral acetate ( lead an equal quantity ( cupric sulphate & proce$+ 9 a simil> way1 brass or imitation gold is cov]$ ) a v beautiful r$1 succe$$ by an imp]fect gre51 & f9ally a magnific5t br[n1 ) iridesc5t po9ts ( gre5i% r$4 ,! latt] coat+ is fairly p]man5t4 ,z9c is n color$ 9 ?is solution1 & #efi precipitates 9 x a quantity ( flakes ( gre5i% br[n 7cupric sulphide71 b if ab\t "o-?ird ( ! prec$+ solution ( lead acetate is add$1 a solid black color is develop$1 :i*1 :5 cov]$ ) a light coat+ ( wax1 ga9s mu* 9 int5sity & solidity4 ,x is also useful to apply a slight coat+ ( wax to ! o!r colors4 ,,ii4--,beautiful designs may be obta9$1 imitat+ m>ble1 ) %eets ( copp] plung$ into a solution ( lead1 ?ick5$ by ! addition ( gum tragacan?1 & heat$ to #bab ,f4 ,aft]w>ds !y are treat$ ) ! ord9>y lead solution4 ,! comp\nds ( antimony1 = example ! t>trate ( antimony & pota%1 af=d simil> colorations1 b require a long] "t = _! developm5t4 ,! solutions m5tion$ d n *ange1 ev5 aft] a long p]iod1 & may be employ$ sev]al times4 ,,iii4--,by mix+ a solution ( cupric sulphate ) a solution ( sodium hyposulphite1 a d\ble hyposulphite ( sodium & ( copp] is obta9$4 ,if 9 ! solution ( ?is d\ble salt an article ( nickel or ( copp]1 clean$ ) nitric acid1 !n ) soda1 is imm]s$1 ! foll[+ colors w appe> 9 a few seconds3 ,brilliant r$1 gre51 rose1 blue1 & violet4 ,to isolate a color1 x is suffici5t to take out ! object & wa% x ) wat]4 ,! colors obta9$ on nickel pres5t a moir appe>ance1 simil> to t ( silk fabrics4 ,,iv4--,t9 sulphate af=ds ) sodium hyposulphite a d\ble salt1 :i* is r$uc$ by heat1 ) production ( t9 sulphide4 ,! action ( ?is d\ble salt on metallic surfaces is ! same z t ( ! d\ble salts ( copp] & lead4 ,mix$ ) a solution ( cupric sulphate1 all ! colors ( ! spectrum w be readily obta9$4 ,v4--,coloration ( ,silv]4--,! objects ( copp] or brass are fir/ cov]$ ) a lay] ( silv]1 :5 !y are dipp$ 9 ! foll[+ solution at ! temp]ature ( #bje to #bab ,f43 ,wat]1 #c1jjj p>ts2 sodium hyposulphite1 #cjj p>ts2 lead acetate1 #ajj p>ts4 ,,vi4--,iron precipitates bismu? f its *lorhydric solution4 ,on heat+ ?is deposit1 ! colors ( ! ra9b[ are obta9$4 ,coloration by ,electrolysis4--,i4--,color$ ,r+s by ,electrolysis 7,nobili1 ,becqu]el74--,9 ord] to obta9 ! ,nobili r+s x is necess>y to conc5trate ! curr5t com+ f "o ( ! poles ( ! batt]y ?r\gh a plat9um wire1 ^: po9t alone is imm]s$ 9 ! liquid to be decompos$1 :ile ! o!r pole is connect$ ) a plate ( metal 9 ! same liquid4 ,?is plate is plac$ p]p5dicul>ly to ! direction ( ! wire1 & at ab\t #j4jd in*es f ! po9t4 ,solutions ( sulphate ( copp]1 sulphate ( z9c1 sulphate ( manganese1 acetate ( lead1 acetate ( copp]1 acetate ( potassium1 t>trate ( antimony & pota%1 phosphoric acid1 oxalic acid1 c>bonate ( soda1 *loride ( manganese1 & mangan\s acetate1 may be employ$4 ,,ii4--,a process1 due to ,m4 ,o4 ,ma!y1 all[s ( color+ metals by precipitat+ on _! surface a transp>5t metallic p]oxide4 ,! ph5om5on ( electro-*emical coloration on metals is ! same z t :i* takes place :5 an object ( poli%$ /eel is expos$ to heat4 ,x fir/ assumes a yell[ color1 f a v ?9 coat+ ( f]ric oxide =m$ on its surface4 ,by cont9u+ ! heat+1 ?is coat+ ( oxide increases 9 ?ickness1 & appe>s r$1 !n violet1 !n blue4 ,"h1 ! coloration is due to ! increase 9 ! ?ickness ( a ?9 coat+ ( a metallic oxide precipitat$ by an alkal9e solution4 ,! oxides ( lead1 t91 z9c1 *romium1 alum9um1 molybd5um1 tung/51 etc41 dissolv$ 9 pota%1 may be employ$2 also protoxide ( iron1 z9c1 cadmium1 cobalt1 dissolv$ 9 ammonia4 ,lead ,solution4--,pota%1 #djj p>ts2 li?>ge or massicot1 #abe p>ts4 ,boil #aj m9utes1 filt]1 dilute until ! solution m>ks #be ,b4 ,iron ,solution4--,dissolve f]r\s sulphate 9 boil+ wat]1 & pres]ve %elt]$ f air4 ,:5 desir$ = use1 p\r a quantity into a vessel & add ammonia until ! precipitate is r$issolv$4 ,?is solution1 oxidiz+ rapidly 9 ! air1 _c be us$ = m ?an an h\r4 ,,iii4--,electro-*emical coloration succe$s v well on metals :i* are n oxidizable1 su* z gold & plat9um1 b n well on silv]4 ,?is process is employ$ = color+ wat* h&s & screws4 ,! object is plac$ at ! positive pole1 "u a ?ickness ( #a #a_/d in*es ( ! liquid1 & ! negative electrode is br\ght to ! surface ( ! ba?4 ,9 a few seconds all ! colors possible are obta9$4 ,g5]ally1 a ruby-r$ t9t is s\ght =4 ,,iv4--,coloration ( ,nickel4--,! nickel piece is plac$ at ! positive pole 9 a solution ( lead acetate4 ,a nett+ #egj ( copp] wires is arrang$ at ! negative pole accord+ to ! cont\rs ( ! design1 & at a %ort di/ance f ! object4 ,! coloration obta9$ is uni=m if ! di/ance ( ! copp] wires f ! object is equal at all po9ts4 ,color+ ( ,brass4--,i4--7a7 ,br[n bronze3 ,acid solution ( nitrate ( silv] & bismu? or nitric acid4 7b7 ,light bronze3 ,acid solution ( nitrate ( silv] & ( copp]1 7c7 ,black3 ,solution ( nitrate ( copp]4 ,9 all cases1 h[ev]1 ! brass is color$ black1 if aft] hav+ be5 treat$ ) ! acid solution1 x is plac$ = a v %ort "t 9 a solution ( potassium sulphide1 ( ammonium sulphydrate1 or ( hydrog5 sulphide4 ,,ii4--,! brass is imm]s$ 9 a dilute solution ( m]cur\s nitrate2 ! lay] ( m]cury =m$ on ! brass is conv]t$ into black sulphide1 if wa%$ sev]al times 9 potassium sulphide4 ,by sub/itut+ = ! potassium sulphide ! sulphide ( antimony or t ( ars5ic1 beautiful bronze colors are obta9$1 v>y+ f light br[n to d>k br[n4 ,,iii4--,clean ! brass p]fectly4 ,aft]w>ds rub ) sal ammoniac dissolv$ 9 v9eg>4 ,/rong v9eg>1 #a1jjj p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #cj p>ts2 alum1 #ae p>ts2 ars5i\s anhydride1 #h p>ts4 ,,iv4--,a solution ( *loride ( plat9um is employ$1 :i* leaves a v light coat+ ( plat9um on ! metal1 & ! surface is bronz$4 ,a /eel t9t or gray color is obta9$1 ( :i* ! %ade dep5ds on ! metal4 ,if ?is is burni%$1 x takes a blue or /eel gray %ade1 :i* v>ies ) ! duration ( ! *emical action1 ! conc5tration1 & ! temp]ature ( ! ba?4 ,a dilute solution ( plat9um is prep>$ ?us3 ,*loride ( plat9um1 #a "p2 wat]1 #e1jjj p>ts4 ,ano!r solution1 m conc5trat$ at ! temp]ature ( #ajd ,f41 is kept ready4 ,! objects to be bronz$ are atta*$ to a copp] wire & imm]s$ = a few seconds 9 a hot solution ( t>t>1 #cj p>ts to #e1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,on com+ f ?is ba? !y are wa%$ #b or #c times ) ord9>y wat]1 & a la/ "t ) di/ill$ wat]1 & !n put 9 ! solution ( plat9um *loride1 /irr+ !m f "t to "t4 ,:5 a suitable *ange ( color has be5 secur$1 ! objects are pass$ to ! conc5trat$ solution ( plat9um *loride 7#dj74 ,!y are /irr$1 & tak5 out :5 ! wi%$-= color has be5 rea*$4 ,!y are !n wa%$ #b or #c times1 & dri$ 9 wood sawdu/4 ,v4--,to give to brass a dull black color1 z t us$ = optical in/rum5ts1 ! metal is clean$ c>efully at fir/1 & cov]$ ) a v dilute mixture ( neutral nitrate ( t91 #a "p2 *loride ( gold1 #b p>ts4 ,at ! end ( #aj m9utes ?is cov]+ is remov$ ) a moi/ bru%4 ,if an excess ( acid has n be5 employ$1 ! surface ( ! metal w be f\nd to be ( a f9e dull black4 ,! nitrate ( t9 is prep>$ by decompos+ ! *loride ( ?is metal ) ammonia & aft]w>ds dissolv+ 9 nitric acid ! oxide ( t9 =m$4 ,,vi4--,= obta9+ a deposit ( bismu? ! brass is imm]s$ 9 a boil+ ba?1 prep>$ by add+ #ej to #fj p>ts ( bismu? to nitric acid dilut$ ) #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 & conta9+ #cb p>ts ( t>t>ic acid4 ,,vii4--,! electrolysis ( a cold solution ( #be to #cj p>ts p] #a1jjj p>ts ( ! d\ble *loride ( bismu? & ammonium produces on brass or on copp] a brilliant adh]5t deposit ( bismu?1 ^: appe>ance resembles t ( old silv]4 ,production ( ,ra9b[ ,hues4--,v>i\s colors4--,i4--,dissolve t>trate ( antimony & ( pota%1 #cj p>ts2 t>t>ic acid1 #cj p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,add hydro*loric acid1 #ij to #abj p>ts2 pulv]iz$ antimony1 #ij to #abj p>ts4 ,imm]se ! object ( brass 9 ?is boil+ liquid1 & x w be cov]$ ) a film1 :i*1 z x ?ick5s1 reflects q a s]ies ( beautiful t9ts1 fir/ appe>+ iridesc5t1 !n ! color ( gold1 copp]1 or violet1 & f9ally ( a grayi% blue4 ,^! colors are adh]5t1 & d n *ange 9 ! air4 ,,ii4--,! sulphide ( t9 may be deposit$ on metallic surfaces1 especially on brass1 communicat+ %ades v>y+ ) ! ?ickness ( ! deposit4 ,= ?is purpose1 ,pus*] prep>es ! foll[+ solutions3 ,dissolve t>t>ic acid1 #bj p>ts1 9 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts2 add a salt ( t91 #bj p>ts2 wat]1 #abe p>ts4 ,boil ! mixture1 all[ x to repose1 & filt]4 ,aft]w>ds p\r ! cle> portion a little at a "t1 %ak+ cont9ually1 into a solution ( hyposulphite ( soda1 #hj p>ts2 wat]1 #bej p>ts4 ,on boil+1 sulphide ( t9 is =m$1 ) precipitation ( sulphur4 ,on plung+ ! pieces ( brass 9 ! liquid1 !y are cov]$1 accord+ to ! p]iod ( imm]sion1 ) v>i$ %ades1 pass+ f gold yell[ to r$1 to crimson1 to blue1 & f9ally to light br[n4 ,,iii4--,! metal is treat$ ) ! #ega foll[+ composition3 ,solution ,a4--,cotton1 well wa%$1 #ej p>ts2 salicylic acid1 #b p>ts1 dissolv$ 9 sulphuric acid1 #a1jjj p>ts1 & bi*romate ( pota%1 #ajj p>ts4 ,solution ,b4--,brass1 #bj p>ts2 nitric acid1 d5sity #a4ea1 #cej p>ts2 nitrate ( soda1 #aj p>ts4 ,mix ! two solutions1 & dilute ) #a1ejj p>ts ( wat]4 ,^! proportions may be modifi$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! brass to be treat$4 ,?is prep>ation is spread on ! metal1 :i* imm$iately *anges color4 ,:5 ! desir$ t9t is obta9$1 ! piece is quickly plung$ 9 an alkal9e solution2 a soda salt1 #ej p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,! article is aft]w>ds wa%$1 & dri$ ) a piece ( clo?4 ,beautiful r$ t9ts are obta9$ by plac+ ! objects betwe5 #b plates1 or bett] yet1 #b pieces ( iron wire-clo?4 ,,iv4--,put 9 a flask #ajj p>ts ( cupric c>bonate & #gej p>ts ( ammonia & %ake4 ,?is liquid %\ld be kept 9 well-/opp]$ bottles4 ,:5 x has lo/ its /r5g?1 ?is may be r5ew$ by p\r+ 9 a little ammonia4 ,! objects to be color$ %\ld be well clean$4 ,!y are susp5d$ 9 ! liquid & mov$ back & =?4 ,aft] a few m9utes ( imm]sion1 !y are wa%$ ) wat] & dri$ 9 wood sawdu/4 ,g5]ally1 a deep-blue color is obta9$4 ,v4--,plunge a %eet ( p]fectly clean brass 9 a dilute solution ( neutral acetate ( copp]1 & at ! ord9>y temp]ature1 & 9 a %ort "t x w be f\nd cov]$ ) a f9e gold yell[4 ,,vi4--,imm]se ! brass sev]al times 9 a v dilute solution ( cupric *loride1 & ! color w be dead5$ & bronz$ a gre5i% gray4 ,a plate ( brass heat$ to #cjb ,f4 is color$ violet by rubb+ its surface g5tly ) cotton soak$ ) cupric *loride4 ,,vii4--,on heat+ brass1 p]fectly poli%$1 until x c be no long] held 9 ! h&1 & !n cov]+ x rapidly & uni=mly ) a solution ( antimony *loride by means ( a wad ( cotton1 a f9e violet t9t is communicat$4 ,,viii4--,= gre5i% %ades1 a ba? may be made use (1 compos$ ( wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 cupric sulphate1 #h p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #b p>ts4 ,,ix4--,= orange-br[n & c9namon-br[n %ades3 ,wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts2 potassium *lorate1 #aj p>ts2 cupric sulphate1 #aj p>ts4 ,x4--,= obta9+ rose-color$ hues1 !n violet1 !n blue3 ,wat]1 #djj p>ts2 cupric sulphate1 #cj p>ts2 sodium hyposulphite1 #bj p>ts2 cream ( t>t>1 #aj p>ts4 ,,xi4--,= yell[1 orange1 or rose-color$ %ades1 !n blue1 imm]se ! objects = a long] or %ort] "t 9 ! foll[+ ba?3 ,wat]1 #djj p>ts1 ammoniacal f]r\s sulphate1 #bj p>ts2 sodium hyposulphite1 #dj p>ts2 cupric sulphite1 #cj p>ts2 cream ( t>t>1 #aj p>ts4 ,by prolong+ ! boil+1 ! blue t9t gives place to yell[1 & f9ally to a f9e gray4 ,,xii4--,a yell[i% br[n may be obta9$ ) wat]1 #ej p>ts2 potassium *lorate1 #e p>ts2 nickel c>bonate1 #b p>ts2 sal nickel1 #e p>ts4 ,,xiii4--,a d>k br[n is obta9$ ) wat]1 #ej p>ts2 sal nickel1 #aj p>ts2 potassium *lorate1 #e p>ts4 ,,xiv4--,a yell[i% br[n is obta9$ ) wat]1 #cej p>ts2 a cry/alliz$ sodium salt1 #aj p>ts2 orpim5t1 #e p>ts4 ,,xv4--,metallic moire is obta9$ by mix+ two liquids3 7a7 ,cream ( t>t>1 #e p>ts2 cupric sulphate1 #e p>ts2 wat]1 #bej p>ts4 7b7 ,wat]1 #abe p>ts2 sodium hyposulphite1 #ae p>ts4 ,,xvi4--,a beautiful color is =m$ ) "o ( ! foll[+ ba?s3 7a7 ,wat]1 #adj p>ts2 ammonia1 #e p>ts2 potassium sulphide1 #a "p4 7b7 ,wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 ammonium sulphydrate1 #b p>ts4 ,bronz+ ( ,brass4--,! object is boil$ ) z9c gra9s & wat] saturat$ ) ammoniacal *lorhydrate4 ,a little z9c *loride may be add$ to facilitate ! op]ation1 :i* is complet$ z above4 ,x may also be t]m9at$ by plung+ ! object 9 ! foll[+ solution3 ,wat]1 #b1jjj p>ts2 v9eg>1 #ajj p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #dge p>ts2 pulv]iz$ v]digris1 #ejj p>ts4 ,,electrodeposition ,,processes4 ,! electrodeposition process is t us$ 9 electroplat+ & electrotyp+4 ,x consi/s 9 prep>+ a ba? 9 :i* a metal salt is 9 solution1 ! articles to be plat$ be+ susp5d$ s t !y hang 9 ! solution1 b are insulat$4 ,! ba? be+ provid$ ) an anode & ca?ode = ! pass+ ( an electric curr5t1 & ! article be+ connect$ ) ! ca?ode or negative pole1 ! salts are deposit$ on its surface 7on ! unprotect$ p>ts ( its surface71 & ?us receive a coat+ or plat+ ( ! metal 9 solution4 #egb ,:5 a s(t metal is deposit$ ^u a h>d metal or ! latt] ^u a metal s(t] ?an itself1 ! ext]ior metal %\ld be poli%$ & n burni%$1 & = ?is reason3 ,if silv] is deposit$ ^u lead1 = in/ance1 ! great pressure :i* is requir$ 9 burni%+ to produce ! necess>y poli% w\ld cause ! s(t] metal to exp&1 & consequ5tly a sep>ation ( ! two metals w\ld result4 ,on ! o!r h&1 silv] be+ s(t] ?an /eel1 if ! burni%] is appli$ to silv]-coat$ /eel ! ext]ior metal w exp& & sep>ate f ! subjac5t metal4 ,_m articles :i* are to receive deposits require to h portions ( _! surfaces topp$ (f1 to prev5t ! deposit spread+ ov] ^? p>ts2 = in/ance1 9 tak+ a copy ( "o side ( a bronze m$allion1 ! opposite side mu/ be coat$ ) "s k9d ( v>ni%1 wax1 or fat1 to prev5t deposition2 or1 9 gild+ ! inside ( a cream jug :i* has be5 silv]$ on ! outside1 v>ni% mu/ be appli$ all ar\nd ! out] side ( ! edge1 = ! same reason4 ,= gild+ & o!r hot solutions1 copal v>ni% is g5]ally us$2 b = cold liquids & common "w1 an ord9>y v>ni%1 su* z engrav]s use = simil> purposes1 w d v well4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( o!r sub/ances1 a solution ( seal+ wax1 dissolv$ 9 naph?a1 may be employ$4 ,plat+ ( ,alum9um4--,! light metal may be plat$ ) almo/ any o!r metal1 b copp] is mo/ commonly employ$4 ,two =mulas = copp]+ alum9um foll[3 ,i4--,make a ba? ( cupric sulphate1 #cj p>ts2 cream ( t>t>1 #cj p>ts2 soda1 #be p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,aft] well sc\r+ ! objects to be copp]$1 imm]se 9 ! ba?4 ,! copp]+ may also be effect$ by means ( ! batt]y ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,sodium phosphate1 #ej p>ts2 potassium cyanide1 #ej p>ts2 copp] cyanide1 #ej p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,fir/ clean ! alum9um 9 a w>m solution ( an alkal9e c>bonate1 ?us mak+ its surface r\gh & por\s2 next wa% x ?or\ghly 9 runn+ wat]1 & dip x into a hot solution ( hydro*loric acid ( ab\t #e p] c5t /r5g?4 ,wa% x aga9 9 clean wat]1 & !n place x 9 a some:at conc5trat$ acid solution ( copp] sulphate1 until a uni=m metallic deposit is =m$2 x is !n aga9 ?or\ghly wa%$ & return$ to ! copp] sulphate ba?1 :5 an electric curr5t is pass$ until a coat+ ( copp] ( ! requir$ ?ickness is obta9$4 ,brass+4--,! foll[+ recipe is recomm5d$ = ! ba?3 ,copp] acetate1 #ej p>ts1 by weight2 dry z9c *loride1 #be p>ts1 by weight2 cry/alliz$ sodium sulphite1 #bej p>ts1 by weight2 ammonium c>bonate1 #ce p>ts1 by weight2 potassium cyanide1 #aaj p>ts1 by weight4 ,dissolve 9 #c1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,copp]+4--,i4--,?is is ! ,dessolle process = ! galvanic application ( copp]4 ,! special advantage claim$ is t /rong curr5ts c be us$1 & a deposit obta9$ ( #j4jjd in* 9 #a #a_/b h\rs4 ,aft] hav+ clean$ ! object to be copp]$1 ) s& or 9 an acid ba?1 a fir/ coat is deposit$ 9 an ord9>y electrolytic ba?2 !n ! object is plac$ 9 a f9al ba?1 9 :i* ! electrolyte is project$ on ! electrode1 s z to remove all bubbles ( gas or o!r impurities t5d+ to atta* !mselves to ! surface4 ,! electrolyte employ$ is simply a solution ( cupric sulphate 9 v dilute sulphuric acid4 ,= ! prelim9>y ba? ! d\ble cyanide ( potassium & copp] is made use (4 ,,ii4--,^? ba?s :i* conta9 cyanide "w be/1 & may be us$ = all metals4 ,! am\nt ( ! latt] mu/ n =m too l>ge an excess4 ,! addition ( a sulphide is v dang]\s4 ,x is ( advantage t ! f9al ba? conta9 an excess ( alkali1 b only z ammonia or ammonium c>bonate4 ,= a copp] salt ! acetate is pref]able4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! solution ,a is prep>$ 9 ! w>m1 & solution ,b is add$ ) heat+4 ,solution ,a3 ,neutral copp] acetate1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 cry/alliz$ sodium sulphite1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 ammonium c>bonate1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 wat]1 #ejj p>ts1 by weight4 ,solution ,b3 ,potassium cyanide 7#ih to #ii p] c5t71 #ce p>ts1 by weight2 & wat]1 #ejj p>ts1 by weight4 ,copp]+ ,glass4--,i4--,glass vessels may be coat$ ) copp] by electrolytic process1 by simply v>ni%+ ! out] surface ( ! vessel1 & :5 ! v>ni% is ne>ly dry1 bru%+ plumbago well ov] x4 ,a conduct+ wire is !n atta*$ to ! v>ni%$ surface1 :i* may be conv5i5tly done by employ+ a small piece ( s(t5$ gutta p]*a or beeswax1 tak+ c>e to employ ! plumbago to ! "p :i* unites ! wire to ! plumbago$ surface4 ,,ii4--,dissolve gutta p]*a 9 ess5ce ( turp5t9e or b5z9e2 apply a coat ( ! solution on ! glass 9 ! places to #egc be copp]$ & all[ to dry2 next rub x ) graphite & place 9 ! electric ba?4 ,! rubb] solution is spread ) a bru%4 ,copp]+ ,pla/] ,models1 etc4--,bu/s & simil> objects may be coat$ by saturat+ !m ) l9se$ oil1 or bett]1 ) beeswax1 !n well blacklead+1 or treat+ !m ) phosphor\s1 silv] & gold solutions1 atta*+ a numb] ( guid+ wires1 connect$ ) all ! mo/ holl[ & di/ant p>ts1 & !n imm]s+ !m 9 ! sulphate ( copp] solution & caus+ j suffici5t copp] to be deposit$ ^u !m1 by ! batt]y process1 to protect !m1 b n to oblit]ate ! f9e l9es or features4 ,copp]+ ,z9c ,plate4--,! z9c plate %\ld fir/ be clean$ ) highly dilut$ hydro*loric acid & ! acid completely remov$ ) wat]4 ,!n prep>e an ammoniacal copp] solution f #c p>ts copp] sulphate1 #c p>ts spirits ( sal ammoniac1 & #ej p>ts wat]4 ,if possible ! z9c articles are dipp$ into ?is solution or else ! surface is coat$ a few times quickly & uni=mly ) a flat1 s(t bru%1 leav+ to dry betwe5 ! coats4 ,:5 suffici5t copp] has precipitat$ on ! z9c1 bru% (f ! object sup]ficially4 ,cobaltiz+ ( ,metals4--,foll[+ are v>i\s processes = cobaltiz+ on copp] or o!r metals previ\sly copp]$3 ,i4--,cobalt1 #ej p>ts1 by weight2 sal ammoniac1 #be p>ts2 liquid ammonia1 #ae p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,dissolve ! cobalt & ! sal ammoniac 9 ! di/ill$ wat]1 & add ! liquid ammonia4 ,,ii4--,pure pota% 9 alcohol1 #ej p>ts1 by weight2 cobalt *loride1 #aj p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,dissolve ! cobalt 9 half ! di/ill$ wat] & ! pota% 9 ! o!r half & unite ! two4 ,,iii4--,potassium sulphocyanide1 #ac p>ts1 by weight2 cobalt *loride1 #aj p>ts2 pure pota% 9 alcohol1 #b p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,proce$ z describ$ above4 ,all ^! ba?s are us$ hot & require a /rong curr5t4 ,nickel ,plat+ ) ! ,batt]y4--,! nickel ba? is prep>$ accord+ to ! foll[+ =mula3 ,i4--,nickel & ammonium sulphate #aj p>ts ,boracic acid #d p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #age p>ts ,a %eet ( nickel is us$ z an anode4 ,p]fect cleanl9ess ( ! surface to be coat$ is ess5tial to success4 ,) nickel especially is ?is ! case1 z traces ( oxide w cause x to %[ d>k /reaks4 ,f+] m>ks w 9 any case r5d] ! deposit liable to peel (f4 ,cleans+ is g5]ally accompli%$ ei!r by boil+ 9 /rong solution ( potassium hydrate1 or1 :5 possible1 by heat+ to r$ness 9 a bl[-pipe flame to burn (f any adhesive grease1 & !n soak+ 9 a pickle ( dilute sulphuric acid to remove any oxide =m$ dur+ ! heat+4 ,9 ei!r case x is necess>y to subject ! article to a process ( scrat* bru%+ aft]w>ds2 t is1 long-cont9u$ friction ) wire bru%es "u wat]1 :i* n only removes any /ill adh]+ oxide1 b r5d]s ! surface bright4 ,to c]ta9 metals1 z iron1 nickel1 & z9c1 metallic deposits d n readily adh]e4 ,?is difficulty is ov]come by fir/ coat+ !m ) copp] 9 a ba? compos$ z foll[s3 ,,ii4--,potassium cyanide #b p>ts ,copp] acetate1 9 cry/als #b p>ts ,sodium c>bonate1 9 cry/als #b p>ts ,sodium bisulphite #b p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,moi/5 ! copp] acetate ) a small quantity ( wat] & add ! sodium c>bonate dissolv$ 9 #bj p>ts ( wat]4 ,:5 reaction is complete1 all ! copp] acetate be+ conv]t$ into c>bonate1 add ! sodium bisulphite1 dissolv$ 9 ano!r #bj p>ts ( wat]2 la/ly1 add ! potassium cyanide1 dissolv$ 9 ! rema9d] ( ! wat]4 ,! f9i%$ product %\ld be a colorless liquid4 ,if a dynamo is n available = ! production ( a curr5t1 a ,daniell's batt]y is to be recomm5d$1 & ! 8tank0 = a small op]ation may be a glass j>4 ,! j> is cross$ by copp] rods 9 connection ) ! batt]y2 ! metal to be deposit$ is susp5d$ f ! rod 9 connection ) ! positive pole1 & is call$ ! anode4 ,! articles to be coat$ are susp5d$ by ?9 copp] wires f ! rod 9 connection ) ! negative pole2 ^! =m ! ca?ode4 ,! work] %\ld be> 9 m9d t x is v difficult to apply a ?ick coat+ ( nickel )\t its peel+4 ,replat+ ) ,batt]y4--,x is well kn[n to electro-metallurgi/s t metals deposit$ by electricity d n adh]e s firmly to _! k9d z to o!r metals4 ,?us gold w adh]e m t5aci\sly #egd to silv]1 copp]1 or brass1 ?an x w to gold or to a gilt surface1 & silv] w atta* itself m closely to copp] or brass ?an to a silv]-plat$ surface4 ,consequ5tly1 x is ! practice to remove1 by /ripp+ or poli%+ ! silv] f old plat$ articles be=e electroplat+ !m4 ,if ?is 7 n done1 ! deposit$ coat+ w\ld 9 all probability 8/rip10 z x is t]m$1 :5 ! burni%] is appli$ to x--t is1 ! newly deposit$ metal w\ld peel (f ! und]ly+ silv]4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ^! rem>ks apply to cases 9 :i* a good1 heavy deposit ( silv] is requir$1 =1 ( c\rse1 ! m]e film w\ld n pres5t any rem>kable peculi>ity4 ,silv] ,plat+4--,! t]m silv] deposit designates a coat+ ( silv] :i* is deposit$ ^u glass1 porcela91 *9a1 or o!r sub/ances4 ,?is deposit may be made to take ! =m ( any desir$ design1 & to ! obs]v] x has ! appe>ance 79 ! case ( glass7 ( hav+ be5 melt$ on4 ,practically all ( ! plat$ articles are made by pa9t+ ! design ^u ! glass or o!r surface by means ( a mixture ( p[d]$ silv]1 a flux & a liquid to make ! mixture 9 ! =m ( a pa9t s t x may be readily spread ov] ! surface4 ,?is design is !n fir$ 9 a muffle until ! flux melts & causes ! silv] to become firmly atta*$ to ! glass4 ,a ?9 silv] deposit is ?us produc$1 :i* is a conductor ( electricity1 & ^u :i* any ?ickness ( silv] deposit may be produc$ by electroplat+ 9 ! usual cyanide silv]-plat+ ba?4 ,to be successful 9 secur+ a la/+ deposit a suitable flux mu/ be us$4 ,?is flux mu/ melt at a l[] temp]ature ?an ! glass ^u :i* x is put1 9 ord] to prev5t ! s(t5+ ( ! articles by ! necess>y heat & ! accompany+ di/ortion4 ,second1 a suitable muffle mu/ be _h = fir+ ! glass articles ^u :i* ! design has be5 pa9t$4 ,n only mu/ a muffle be us$ 9 :i* ! heat c be absolutely controll$1 b "o :i* all[s ! sl[ cool+ ( ! articles4 ,if ?is is n done !y are apt to crack :ile cool+4 ,! manufacture ( ! flux is ! mo/ critical "p ( ! silv] deposit process4 ,)\t a good flux ! op]ation w n be a success4 ,?is flux is frequ5tly call$ an enamel or frit4 ,aft] a s]ies ( exp]im5ts x 0 f\nd t ! mo/ suitable flux is a borate ( lead4 ,?is is easily prep>$1 fuses be=e ! glass s(t5s1 & adh]es t5aci\sly to ! glass surface4 ,to make x1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,dissolve #a_/d p\nd ( acetate ( lead 7sug> ( lead7 9 #a qu>t ( wat] & heat to boil+4 ,dissolve #a_/d p\nd ( borax 9 #a qu>t ( hot wat] & add to ! sug> ( lead solution4 ,borate ( lead foll[s z a :ite precipitate4 ,?is is filt]$ out & wa%$ until free f impurities4 ,x is !n dri$4 ,! precipitat$ borate ( lead is !n melt$ 9 a porcela9 or clay crucible4 ,:5 9 ! melt$ condition x %\ld be p\r$ into a bas9 ( cold wat]4 ,?is s]ves to granulate & r5d] x easily pulv]iz$4 ,aft] x has be5 p\r$ into wat] x is remov$ & dri$4 ,be=e us+ 9 ! pa9t x is necess>y t ?is fus$ borate ( lead be gr\nd 9 a mort> z f9e z possible4 ,unless ?is is done ! deposit w n be smoo?4 ,! silv] to be us$ %\ld be f9ely p[d]$ silv]1 :i* c be pur*as$ 9 ! same mann] z bronze p[d]s4 ,! mixture us$ = pa9t+ ! design ^u ! glass is compos$ ( #b p>ts ( ! p[d]$ silv]1 & #a "p ( ! fus$ borate ( lead4 ,place ! p>ts 9 a mort> & add j en\gh oil ( lav5d] to make ! mass ( a pa9t-l consi/5cy4 ,! :ole is !n gr\nd ) ! pe/le until x is z f9e z possible4 ,! am\nt ( oil ( lav5d] :i* is us$ mu/ n be too great1 z x w !n be f\nd t a ?ick lay] _c be obta9$ ^u ! glass4 ,! glass to be treat$ mu/ be clean$ by sc\r+ ) wet pumice /one & wa%+ soda4 ,! glass %\ld be r9s$ & dri$4 ,! design is !n pa9t$ on ! glass ) a bru%1 pa9t+ z ?ick z possible & yet leav+ a smoo?1 ev5 surface4 ,! glass %\ld be all[$ to dry = #bd h\rs1 :5 x is ready = fir+4 ,:5 plac$ 9 ! gas muffle1 ! glass %\ld be subject$ to a temp]ature ( a v l[ r$ heat4 ,! borate ( lead w melt at ?is temp]ature1 & aft] hold+ ?is heat a %ort "t to enable ! borate ( lead to melt & atta* itself1 ! muffle is all[$ to cool4 ,aft] cool+1 ! articles are remov$ & scrat* bru%$ & plac$ 9 a silv] ba? = an electro deposit ( silv] ( a ?ickness desir$4 ,be=e ! plat+ ! glass article is dipp$ into a cyanide dip1 or1 if f\nd necess>y1 sc\r$ lightly ) pumice #ege /one & cyanide1 & !n giv5 a dip 9 ! cu/om>y blue dip or m]cury solution1 s z to quickly cov] all p>ts ( ! surface4 ,x next passes to ! regul> cyanide silv] solution1 & is all[$ to rema9 until ! desir$ deposit is obta9$4 ,a little potassium cyanide & "s mono-basic potassium citrate 9 p[d] =m is add$ f "t to "t to ! ba? g5]ally us$1 :i* is prep>$ by dissolv+ fre%ly precipitat$ silv] cyanide 9 a potassium cyanide solution4 ,aft] ?is ! glass is r9s$ & dri$1 & may be f9i%$ by buff+4 ,/eel ,plat+4--,! foll[+ is a solution = dipp+ /eel articles be=e electroplat+3 ,nitrate ( silv]1 #a "p2 nitrate ( m]cury1 #a "p2 nitric acid 7specific gravity1 #a4chd71 #d p>ts2 wat]1 #abj p>ts4 ,! article1 free f grease1 is dipp$ 9 ! pickle = a second or two4 ,! foll[+ electroplat+ ba? is us$3 ,pure cry/alliz$ f]r\s sulphate1 #dj p>ts1 by weight1 & ammonium *loride1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 9 #a1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,x is ( advantage to add to ?is #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( ammonium citrate1 9 ord] to prev5t ! precipitation ( basic iron salts1 especially at ! anode4 ,t9 ,plat+ by ,electric ,ba?4--,mo/ solutions give a dead-:ite film ( t91 & ?is has to be bright5$ by friction ( "s sort1 ei!r by scrat* bru%+1 burni%+1 poli%+1 or rubb+ ) :it+4 ,! bright t9 plates are made bright by roll+ ) poli%$ /eel roll]s4 ,small articles may be bright-t9n$ by imm]sion 9 melt$ t91 aft] _! surfaces h be5 made *emically clean & bright1 all ( :i* processes entail mu* "t & labor4 ,b5zoic acid1 boric acid1 or gelat9 may be tri$ ) a well-regulat$ curr5t & ! solution 9 good work+ ord]1 b all w dep5d ^u ! exact work+ ( ! solution1 ! same conditions be+ set up z are pres5t 9 ! deposition ( o!r metals4 ,^! sub/ances may be sep>ately tri$1 9 ! proportion ( #a ounce to ea* gallon ( ! t9 solution1 by boil+ ! latt] & add+ ei!r "o dur+ ! boil+1 z !y dissolve mu* easi] ) ! t9 salts ?an 9 wat] sep>ately4 ,t9 articles are usually bright5$ & poli%$ ) ,vi5na lime or :it+1 ! fir/ be+ us$ ) l95 rags & ! latt] ) *amois lea!r4 ,t9 ba?s mu/ be us$ hot1 n bel[ #ge ,f41 ) a suitable curr5t accord+ to _! composition4 ,too /rong a curr5t produces a bad color1 & ! deposit does n adh]e well4 ,a curr5t ( f #b to #f volts w be suffici5t4 ,small t9n$ articles are bright5$ by be+ %ak5 9 a lea!r bag conta9+ a quantity ( bran or by revolv+ 9 a b>rel ) ! same sub/ance2 b l>ge objects h to be bright5$ by o!r means1 su* z scrat* bru%+ & mopp+ to give an acceptable f9i% to ! deposit$ metal4 ,,gild+ ,,& ,,gold ,,plat+3 ,g5u9e gild+ readily takes up m]cury1 :ile imitation gild+ does n or only v sl[ly4 ,any coat+ ( v>ni% pres5t %\ld1 h[ev]1 be remov$ be=e conduct+ ! te/4 ,m]cur\s nitrate has no action on g5u9e gold1 b on spuri\s gild+ a :ite spot w =m :i* quickly turns d>k4 ,a solution ( neutral copp] *loride does n act ^u g5u9e gold1 b on alloys conta9+ copp] a black spot w result4 ,gold fr+e1 etc41 reta9s its lu/] 9 _s ( w9e1 if ! gild+ is g5u9e2 if n1 ! gild+ w burn & oxidize4 ,imitation gild+ might be t]m$ 8snuff gild+10 z 9 ,g]many x consi/s ( dissolv$ brass1 snuff1 saltpet]1 hydro*loric acid1 etc41 & is us$ = t9 toys4 ,an exp]t w imm$iately see ! diff]5ce1 z g5u9e gild+ has a diff]5t1 m compact pore =mation & a bett] color4 ,!re are also "s gold v>ni%es :i* are j z good4 ,! effect ( motion :ile an article is receiv+ ! deposit is mo/ cle>ly se5 dur+ ! op]ation ( gild+4 ,if a wat* dial1 = in/ance1 be plac$ 9 ! gild+ ba? & all[$ to rema9 = a few mom5ts undi/urb$ & ! solution ( gold has be5 mu* work$1 x is probable t ! dial w acquire a d>k fox-r$ color2 b if x be quickly mov$ ab\t1 x in/antly *anges color & w sometimes ev5 assume a pale /raw color4 ,9 fact1 ! color ( a deposit may be regulat$ greatly by motion ( ! article 9 ! ba?--a fact :i* ! op]ator %\ld /udy ) mu* att5tion1 :5 gild+4 ,! inside ( a vessel is gild$ by fill+ ! vessel ) ! gild+ solution1 susp5d+ a gold anode 9 ! liquid1 & pass+ ! curr5t4 ,! lips ( cream jugs & ! upp] p>ts ( vessels ( irregul> outl9e are gild$ by pass+ ! curr5t f a gold anode ?r\gh a rag wett$ ) ! gild+ solution & laid ^u ! "p4 ,sometimes1 :5 gild+ ! insides ( mugs1 tank>ds1 etc41 :i* are ri*ly #egf *as$ or emboss$1 x w be f\nd t ! holl[ p>ts d n receive ! deposit at all1 or v p>tially4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! article mu/ be r9s$ & well scrat* bru%$1 & a little m cyanide add$ to ! solution4 ,! anode mu/ be slightly kept 9 motion & ! batt]y p[] increas$ until ! holl[ surfaces are coat$4 ,frequ5t scrat* bru%+ aids ! deposit to a great ext5t by imp>t+ a slight film ( brass to ! surface4 ,9 gild+ *a9s1 broo*es1 p9s1 r+s1 & o!r articles :i* h be5 repair$1 i4 e41 h>d sold]$1 sometimes1 x is f\nd t ! gold w n deposit freely ^u ! sold]$ p>ts2 :5 su* is ! case1 a little extra scrat* bru%+ appli$ to ! "p w assi/ ! op]ation greatly & x has sometimes be5 f\nd t dry scrat* bru%+ = an in/ant--t is1 )\t ! /ream ( be] usually employ$--r5d]s ! surface a bett] & m uni=m conductor & consequ5tly x w m readily receive ! deposit4 ,9 fact1 dry scrat* bru%+ is v useful 9 _m cases 9 :i* x is desirable to imp>t an artificial coat+ ( brass ^u an article to :i* silv] or gold w n readily adh]e4 ,9 scrat* bru%+ )\t ! employm5t ( be] or "s o!r liquid1 h[ev]1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to cont9ue ! op]ation too long1 z ! m9ute p>ticles ( metal giv5 (f by ! scrat* bru% w\ld be likely to prove prejudicial to ! heal? ( ! op]ator1 7 he to inhale !m to any great ext5t4 ,! foll[+ solutions are = gild+ )\t a batt]y3 ,i4--,9 #a1jjj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat] dissolve 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,cry/all9e sodium pyrophosphate #hj p>ts ,twelve p] c5t solution ( hydrocyanic acid #h p>ts ,cry/all9e gold *loride #b p>ts ,heat to a boil+ temp]ature1 & dip ! article1 previ\sly ?or\ghly clean$1 !re94 ,,ii4--,dissolve 9 boil+ di/ill$ wat]1 #a "p ( *loride ( gold & #d p>ts ( cyanide ( potassium4 ,plunge ! objects into ?is solution1 :ile /ill hot1 & leave !m !re9 = sev]al h\rs1 keep+ !m atta*$ to a copp] wire or a v clean /rip ( z9c4 ,!y w become cov]$ ) a h&some gold coat+4 ,alum9um ,gild+4--,i4--,dissolve #f p>ts ( gold 9 aqua regia & dilute ! solution ) di/ill$ wat]2 on ! o!r h&1 put #cj p>ts ( lime 9 #aej p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]2 at ! end ( #b h\rs add ! gold solution to ! lime1 %ake all & all[ to settle = #e to #f h\rs1 decant & wa% ! precipitate1 :i* is lime aurate4 ,place ?is aurate ( lime 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 ) #bj p>ts ( hyposulphite ( soda2 put all on ! fire = #h to #aj m9utes1 )\t all[+ to boil2 remove & filt]4 ,! filt]$ liquor s]ves = gild+ 9 ! cold1 by plung+ into ?is ba? ! alum9um articles previ\sly pickl$ by pass+ ?r\gh cau/ic pota% & nitric acid4 ,?is gild+ is obta9$ )\t ! aid ( ! batt]y4 ,,ii4--,! gold ba? is prep>$ ) gold dissolv$ 9 ! usual way1 & ! addition ( salts1 z foll[s3 ,gold1 #bj p>ts1 by weight2 sulphate ( soda1 #bj p>ts2 phosphate ( soda1 #ffj p>ts2 cyanuret ( potassium1 #dj p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,! ba? ought to be ( ! temp]ature ( #fh to #gg ,f4 ,amalgam ,gold ,plat+4--,gold amalgam is *iefly us$ z a plat+ = silv]1 copp]1 or brass4 ,! article to be plat$ is wa%$ ov] ) dilut$ nitric acid or pota% lye & prep>$ *alk1 to remove any t>ni% or ru/ t might prev5t ! amalgam f adh]+4 ,aft] hav+ be5 poli%$ p]fectly bright1 ! amalgam is appli$ z ev5ly z possible1 usually ) a f9e scrat* bru%4 ,x is !n set ^u a grate ov] a *>coal fire1 or plac$ into an ov5 & heat$ to t degree at :i* m]cury exhales4 ,! gold1 :5 ! m]cury has evaporat$1 pres5ts a dull yell[ color4 ,cov] x ) a coat+ ( pulv]iz$ nit] & alum 9 equal p>ts1 mix$ to a pa/e ) wat]1 & heat aga9 till x is melt$1 !n plunge into wat]4 ,burni% up ) a /eel or blood/one burni%]4 ,brass ,gild+4--,on brass1 :i* is an electropositive metal1 an electromagnetic metal1 su* z gold1 c be deposit$ v *eaply f ! dilute solutions ( its salts4 ,! deposit is naturally v ?91 b /ill q adhesive4 ,9 prep>+ x1 ! proportions /at$ bel[ h to be accurately obs]v$1 o!rwise no uni=m1 coh]5t coat+ w result1 b "o t is unev5 & spott$4 ,i4--,9 #gej p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat] dissolve3 ,phosphate ( soda1 #e p>ts1 & cau/ic pota%1 #c p>ts1 & 9 #bej p>ts ( wat]1 gold *loride1 #a "p1 & potassium cyanide1 #af p>ts4 ,mix bo? #egg solutions well & cause ! mixture to boil1 :]eupon ! brass articles to be gild$ are imm]s$4 ,! gold 9 ! mixture c be utiliz$ almo/ entirely4 ,:5 ! solution does n gild well any m a little potassium cyanide is add$1 & x is us$ = pre-gild+ ! articles1 :i* c !n be gild$ aga9 9 a fre% solution4 ,?is solution is v weak4 ,a /rong] "o c be prep>$ me*anically by dissolv+ #b to #c p>ts ( gold *loride 9 v little wat] to :i* #a "p ( saltpet] is add$4 ,into ?is solution dip l95 rags1 let !m dry 9 a d>k place1 & cause !m to *> into t9d]1 :i* is rubb$ up 9 a porcela9 di%4 ,into ! p[d] s made1 dip a s(t1 slightly *>r$ cork1 moi/5$ ) a little v9eg>1 or else use only ! f+]1 & rub ! gold p[d] ^u ! brass articles4 ,,ii4--,to ,give ,brass a ,gold5 ,color1 x is dipp$ until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$ into a solution ( ab\t #age ,f41 produc$ z foll[s3 ,boil #d p>ts ( cau/ic soda1 #d p>ts ( milk sug>1 & #ajj p>ts ( wat] = #ae m9utes2 next add #d p>ts ( blue vitriol1 dissolv$ 9 z little wat] z possible4 ,copp] & ,brass ,gild+4--,! solutions us$ to gild copp] c be g5]ally us$ also = brass articles4 ,copp] gild+ acquires importance because 9 ord] to gild iron1 /eel1 t91 & z9c1 !y mu/ fir/ be coat$ ) copp]1 if ! boil+ me?od is to be employ$4 ,foll[+ is ,langbe9's ba? = copp] & brass3 ,dissolve #a "p1 by weight1 ( *loride ( gold & #af p>ts1 by weight1 ( potassium cyanide 9 #bej p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]2 dissolve also & sep>ately1 #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( sodium phosphate & #c p>ts1 by weight1 ( cau/ic pota% 9 #gej p>ts1 by weight1 ( cold wat]4 ,mix ^! solutions & br+ !m to a boil4 ,if ! action subsides1 add f #c to #e p>ts1 by weight1 m potassium cyanide4 ,! poli%$ iron & /eel objects mu/ fir/ be copp]-plat$ by dipp+ !m into a solution ( #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( blue vitriol & #b p>ts1 by weight1 ( sulphuric acid 9 #a1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,!y may n[ be dipp$ into a hot solution conta9+ #f p>ts1 by weight1 ( gold *loride & #bb #a_/b p>ts1 by weight1 ( soda cry/als 9 #ge p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,?is coat+ ( gold may be poli%$4 ,cold ,*emical ,gild+4--,! *emical gild+ by ! wet process is accompli%$ by ,e4 ,e4 ,/ahl ) ! aid ( ?ree ba?s3 ,a gold ba?1 a neutralization ba?1 & a r$uction ba?4 ,! gold ba? is prep>$ f pure hydro*loric acid1 #bjj p>ts2 nitric acid1 #ajj p>ts2 & pure gold4 ,! gold solution evaporat$ to cry/allization is made to conta9 #a #a_/b p] c5t ( gold by dilut+ ) wat]4 ,! neutralization ba? consi/s ( soda lye ( #f1 ( pure sodium hydroxide1 & di/ill$ wat]4 ,! r$uction ba? conta9s a mixture ( equal p>ts ( #ij p] c5t alcohol & di/ill$ wat]1 :]e9 pure hydrog5 has be5 dissolv$4 ,! gild+ prop] is conduct$ by fir/ ent]+ ! article 9 ! gold ba?1 next briskly mov+ x ab\t 9 ! neutralization ba?1 & f9ally add+ ! r$uc+ ba? ) fur!r /rong agitation ( ! liquid4 ,! residues f ! gild+ are melt$ ) #c p>ts ea* ( pota%1 p[d]$ borax1 & pota% nit]1 ?us recov]+ ! sup]flu\s gold4 ,! gild+ or silv]+ respectively produces a deposit ( gold or silv] ( v slight ?ickness & ( ! lu/] ( poli%+ gold4 ,besides ! metal solution an 8anti-r$uc]0 is ne$$1 consi/+ ( #ej grams ( rectifi$ & ros9ifi$ turp5t9e oil & #aj grams ( p[d]$ roll sulphur4 ,f ?is is obta9$1 by boil+1 a syrupy balsam1 to :i* is add$1 be=e use1 lav5d] oil1 well-gr\nd basic bismu? nitrate1 & ! solution = gild+ or silv]+4 ,! la/ takes place by a hydro*loric solution ( alum9um ) ! above balsam4 ,color$ ,gild+4--,a v>iety ( %ades ( gre5 & r$ gold c be obta9$ by ! electro-*emical process1 :i* me?od may be employ$ = ! decoration ( v>i\s objects ( art4 ,9 ord] to produce r$ gold 9 ! diff]5t %ades1 a plate ( pure copp] is hung into a r conc5trat$ gold ba? 7#e to #f p>ts1 by weight1 p] #a1jjj p>ts ( liquid71 :i* is connect$ ) ! batt]y 9 su* a mann] t gold is deposit$ on ! article imm]s$ 9 ! ba?4 ,by ! action ( ! electric curr5t copp] is dissolv$ z well f ! copp] plate & is sep>at$ simultane\sly ) ! gold1 s t1 aft] a c]ta9 "t1 a deposit conta9+ a gold copp] alloy1 con=m+ 9 color to ! quantities ( gold & copp] conta9$ 9 x1 is obta9$ by ! electric process4 ,:5 ! desir$ %ade ( color ( ! deposit is rea*$ ! copp] plate is tak5 out & replac$ by ano!r consi/+ ( ! copp] gold alloy1 likewise produc$ by electrodeposition1 & ! articles are n[ gilt 9 ?is liquid4 ,9 "s l>ge manufactories ( gold articles ?is la/ color+ is us$ ev5 = pure #egh gold articles1 to give !m a popul> color4 ,to produce gre5 gold 7alloy ( gold & silv]71 a silv] plate is fir/ employ$1 :i* is dipp$ into ! gold ba? & f :i* en\gh silv] is dissolv$ until ! sep>at+ alloy %[s ! desir$ %ade4 ,! silv] plate is !n ex*ang$ = a gold-silv] plate ( ! respective color1 & ! articles are gilt ) gre5 gold4 ,gild+ ,g]man ,silv]4--,9 gild+ ,g]man silv] ! solution may be work$ at a l[ temp]ature1 ! solution be+ weak5$ & a small surface ( anode expos$4 ,g]man silv] has ! p[] ( r$uc+ gold f its solution 9 cyanide 7especially if ! solution be /rong7 )\t ! aid ( ! batt]y2 !re=e1 ! solution %\ld be weak]1 9 fact1 s weak t ! ,g]man silv] w n deposit ! gold p] se2 o!rwise ! deposit w take place s rapidly t ! gold w peel (f :5 be+ burni%$ or ev5 scrat* bru%$4 ,gild+ ( ,glass4--,i4--,9 ord] to produce a good gild+ on glass1 ! gold salt employ$ mu/ be free f acid4 ,prep>e ?ree solutions1 viz43 a4 #bj p>ts acid-free gold *loride 9 #aej p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 b4 #e p>ts dry sodium hydrate 9 #hj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 c4 #b #a_/b p>ts ( />* sug> 9 #cj p>ts di/ill$ wat]2 _s ( w9e1 #bj p>ts2 & comm]cial pure #dj p] c5t aldehyde1 #bj p>ts4 ,^! liquids are quickly mix$ toge!r 9 ! proportion ( #bjj1 #ej1 & #e p>ts1 :]eupon ! mixture is p\r$ on ! glass previ\sly clean$ ) soda solution1 & ! gild+ w be effect$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,! gold coat+ is said to keep intact = ye>s4 ,,ii4--,coat ! places to be gild$ ?9ly ) a saturat$ borax solution1 lay ! gold leaf on ?is & press d[n well & uni=mly ) cotton-wool4 ,heat ! glass ov] a _s flame1 until ! borax melts1 & all[ to cool (f4 ,if ! glass is to be decorat$ ) gilt lett]s or designs1 pa9t ! places to be gild$ ) wat]-glass solution ( #dj ,b42 lay on ! gold leaf1 & press d[n uni=mly4 ,!n heat ! object to #hf ,f41 s t x dries a little1 sket* ! lett]s or figures on ) a lead p5cil1 erase ! sup]flu\s gold1 & all[ ! articles to dry completely at a high] temp]ature4 ,gre5 ,gild+4--,?is c be obta9$ conv5i5tly by ! galvanic process1 by means ( anodes ( %eet plat9um ) ! foll[+ composition3 ,wat]1 #aj1jjj p>ts1 by weight2 sodium phosphate1 #bjj p>ts2 sodium sulphate1 #ce p>ts2 potassium c>bonate1 #aj p>ts2 #a ducat gold f gold *loride1 potassium cyanide 7#ajj p] c5t71 #bj p>ts4 ,dissolve ! fir/ ?ree salts 9 #aj1jjj p>ts ( cold wat] & add1 ) /irr+1 ! gold *loride & potassium cyanide4 ,be=e ! fir/ use boil d[n ! solution ?or\ghly ab\t "o-half1 replac+ ! evaporat+ wat] & filt] aft] cool+1 9 case a s$im5t %\ld appe>4 ,to ?is gold ba? v c>efully add "s silv] ba?4 ,! plat9um %eets :i* are to s]ve z anodes are employ$ #a #c_/d in*es long1 #a_/c in* broad1 & #a_/ajj ( an in* ?ick4 ,) ^! anodes ! gold tone c be some:at regulat$ by hang+ m or less deeply into ! solution dur+ ! gild+4 ,! curr5t %\ld h a t5sion ( #c to #d volts4 ,9 ! case ( batt]ies ?ree ,bus5 elem5ts are connect$ = curr5t t5sion4 ,x is difficult to produce old gold on silv]1 especially if ! rais$ portions are to appe> gre54 ,x is mo/ advantage\s fir/ to lightly copp] ! silv] goods1 tak+ ! copp] (f aga9 on ! high places by bru%+ ) pumice /one4 ,aft] t hang at once 9 ! above gold ba?4 ,if ! emboss$ portions %\ld be too mat1 bright5 slightly by scrat*+ ) a v f9e brass wire bru%4 ,9 ?is mann] a h&some br[n %ade is obta9$ 9 ! deep places & a gre5 color on ! rais$ portions4 ,?is process requires practice4 ,s9ce ?is me?od w produce only a v light gild+1 a coat+ ( :ite v>ni% w protect ! articles f t>ni%+4 ,incru/+ ) ,gold4--,! article is fir/ made p]fectly bright1 & ^? places :i* are to be gilt are cov]$ ) a matt consi/+ ( :ite lead gr\nd ) gum wat]1 made into a pa/e :i* c be appli$ l a ?ick pa9t by means ( a p5 or bru%4 ,^? places ( ! metal surface n cov]$ by ! pa9t are coat$ ) asphalt v>ni%--a solution ( asphaltum 9 b5z9e to :i* oil ( turp5t9e is add$ to r5d] x less volatile4 ,aft] ?is is done lay ! article 9 wat]1 s t ! :ite lead pa9t comes (f1 & put x into a gild+ ba?4 ,by ! electric curr5t gold is precipitat$ on ! bright p>ts ( ! metal4 ,:5 ! lay] ( gold is ?ick en\gh lift ! object f ! ba?1 wa%1 let dry & lay x into a vessel fill$ ) b5zol4 ,! asphalt dissolves 9 ! b5zol1 & ! #egi desir$ design appe>s 9 gold on ! bronze or silv] gr\nd4 ,?is op]ation may also be p]=m$ by coat+ ! :ole article ) asphalt v>ni% & execut+ ! design by means ( a blunt grav] :i* only takes away ! v>ni% cov]+ )\t scrat*+ ! metal itself4 ,on ! p>ts ?us b>$ gold is deposit$ by ! electric curr5t & ! v>ni% coat+ is !n remov$4 ,ivory ,gild+4--,i4--,! patt]n is pa9t$ ) a f9e camel's-hair p5cil1 moi/5$ ) gold *loride4 ,hold ! ivory ov] ! m\? ( a bottle 9 :i* hydrog5 gas is g5]at$ 7by ! action ( dilute sulphuric acid on z9c wa/e74 ,! hydrog5 r$uces ! auric *loride 9 ! pa9t$ places into metallic gold1 & ! gold film precipitat$ 9 ?is mann] w quickly obta9 a consid]able lu/]4 ,! gold film is v ?91 b durable4 ,,ii4--,?is is especially suitable = monograms4 ,take gold bronze & place z mu* z c be tak5 up ) ! po9t ( a knife 9 a color-cup1 moi/5+ ) a few drops ( g5u9e ,engli% gold pa9t4 ,coat ! rais$ portions sp>+ly ) gold1 us+ a f9e p5cil2 next1 coat ! out] & inn] bord]s ( ! design4 ,:5 ! "w is done1 & if ! /a9+ & gild+ h be5 unsuccessful1 :i* occurs frequ5tly at ! outset1 lay ! "w = #e or #aj m9utes 9 w>m$ lead wat] & bru% (f ) pumice /one4 ,by ?is process v f9e %ades are (t5 obta9$ :i* _c be produc$ by m]e /a9+4 ,s9ce ! gold readily we>s (f on ! high places ( ! "w1 x is well to lightly coat ^! portions ) a ?9 %ellac solution be=e gild+4 ,?is w cause ! gild+ to be m p]man5t4 ,mat ,gild+4--,to obta9 a h&some mat gild+ ! article1 aft] hav+ be5 neatly poli%$1 is pass$ ?r\gh a s&-bla/1 su* z is f\nd 9 glass-gr9d+ & et*+ e/abli%m5ts2 next1 ! object is c>efully cleans$ ( f9e s& 7if possible1 by anneal+ & decoct+71 :]eupon x is gilt & subsequ5tly bru%$ mat ) ! brass bru%4 ,:]e !re is no s&-bla/1 ! article is dead5$ ) ! /eel wire bru%1 :i* w produce a satisfactory result1 aft] "s practice4 ,aft] t1 treatm5t is z above4 ,! above-m5tion$ applies 9 g5]al only to silv] articles4 ,9 case ( articles ( gold1 brass1 or tombac1 x is bett] to previ\sly silv] !m /rongly1 s9ce !y are too h>d = direct treatm5t ) ! /eel wire bru%1 & a really correct mat _c be atta9$4 ,! bru%es ref]r$ to are1 ( c\rse1 circul> bru%es = ! la!4 ,dead-,gild+ ( an ,alloy ( ,copp] & ,z9c4--,! p>ts :i* are to be dead5$ mu/ be isolat$ f ^? :i* are to be poli%$1 & also f ^? :i* are to be conceal$1 & :i* !re=e are n to be gild$4 ,= ?is purpose !y are coat$ ) a pa/e made ( ,spani% :ite mix$ ) wat]4 ,! articles prep>$ 9 ?is mann] are !n atta*$ by means ( iron wire to an iron rod & susp5d$ 9 a furnace con/ruct$ = ?is process4 ,! floor ( ?is furnace is cov]$ on f\r sides ) plates ( enamel$ e>!nw>e = receiv+ ! portions spatt]$ ab\t ( ! salt mixture giv5 (f lat]4 ,9 ! middle is an ov5 con/ruct$ l a cook+ /ove1 on :i* is an iron tripod = c>ry+ ! dead5+ pan2 ?is latt] is cem5t$ into a second pan ( ca/ iron1 ! int]v5+ space be+ fill$ up ) /ove cem5t4 ,9 ! middle ( ! pan is ! bottom or sill1 provid$ ) a ?ick ca/-iron plate1 =m+ ! he>?4 ,on all f\r sides ( ! latt] are l[ brick walls1 connect+ ) ! floor ( ! furnace1 & ! :ole is cov]$ ) ?ick %eet metal4 ,on ! side ( ! furnace opposite ! side arrang$ = c>ry+ ! pans1 is a boil] 9 :i* boil+ wat] is kept4 ,on ! same side ( ! furnace1 b outside x1 is a l>ge oval tub ( a capacity ( ab\t #gjj or #hjj qu>ts1 :i* is kept fill$ ) wat]4 ,! upp] portions ( ! /aves ( ?is tub are cov]$ ) l95 to absorb all p>ts t are spatt]$ ab\t4 ,p[d] = ,gild+ ,metals4--,i4--,9 a solution ( p]*loride ( gold soak small pieces ( l95 :i* are dri$ ov] ! solution s t ! drops fall+ !refrom are sav$4 ,:5 ! rags are dry burn !m1 c>efully ga!r+ ! a%es1 :i* a%es1 /irr$ ) a little wat]1 are us$ = gild+ ei!r ) pumice /one or ) a cork4 ,= ! holl[s1 use a small piece ( s(t wood1 l9d51 or popl>4 ,,ii4--,dissolve ! pure gold or ! leaf 9 nitro-muriatic acid & !n precipitate x by a piece ( copp] or by a solution ( iron sulphate4 ,! precipitate1 if by copp]1 mu/ be dige/$ ) di/ill$ v9eg> & !n wa%$ by p\r+ wat] ov] x repeat$ly & dri$4 ,?is precipitate w be 9 ! =m ( v f9e p[d]2 x works bett] & is #ehj m easily burni%$ ?an gold leaf gr\nd ) honey4 ,gild+ ,pa/es4--,i4--,a good gild+ pa/e is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,sl[ly melt an ounce ( pure l>d ov] ! fire1 add #a_/b a teaspoonful ( juice ( squills1 & /ir up ! mixture well1 subsequ5tly add+ #aj drops ( _s ( sal ammoniac4 ,if ! mixture is n /iff en\gh aft] cool+1 ! firmness may be enhanc$ by an admixture ( #a_/c to #a_/b ounce ( pure melt$ beef-tall[4 ,a l>g] addition ( tall[ is necess>y if ! :ite ( an egg is add$4 ,aft] ea* addition ! mixture %\ld be /irr$ up well & ! :ite ( egg %\ld be add$1 n to ! w>m1 b almo/ cold1 mixture4 ,,ii4--,alum1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 saltpet]1 #f p>ts2 sulphate ( z9c1 #c p>ts2 common salt1 #c p>ts4 ,mix all into a ?ick pa/e1 dip ! articles into x1 & heat !m1 until ne>ly black1 on a piece ( %eet iron ov] a cle> coke or *>coal fire2 !n plunge !m into cold wat]4 ,r$ ,gild+4--,?is is obta9$ by ! use ( a mixture ( equal p>ts ( v]digris & p[d]$ t>t>1 ) :i* ! article is coat$2 subsequ5tly burn+ x (f on a mod]ate coal fire4 ,cool 9 wat]1 dip ! article 9 a pickle ( t>t>1 scrat* x1 & a h&some r$ %ade w be ! result1 :i* has n attack$ ! gild+ 9 any way4 ,regild+ ,mat ,articles4--,9 ord] to reg5]ate dead gold tr9kets )\t hav+ to color !m aga9--:i* is1 z a rule1 impossible1 because ! gold is too weak to /& a second color+--x is advisable to copp] ^! articles ov] be=e gild+ !m4 ,aft] ! copp] has deposit$ all ov]1 ! object1 well clean$ & scrat*$1 is hung 9 ! gild+4 ,by ?is manipulation mu* "t & vexation is sav$1 su* z e jewel] w h exp]i5c$ 9 gild+ mat gold articles4 ,! article also acquires a faultless new appe>ance4 ,"h are two recipes = ! prep>ation ( copp] ba?s3 ,i4--,di/ill$ boil+ wat]1 #b1jjj p>ts1 by weight2 sodium sulphate1 #aj p>ts2 potassium cyanide1 #ae p>ts2 cupric acetate1 #ae p>ts2 sodium c>bonate1 #bj p>ts2 ammonia1 #ab p>ts4 ,,ii4--,dissolve cry/alliz$ v]digris1 #bj p>ts1 by weight1 & potassium cyanide1 #db p>ts1 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( boil+ wat]4 ,silk ,gild+4--,?is c only be accompli%$ by ! electric process4 ,! fib] is fir/ r5d]$ conductive by impregnation ) silv] nitrate solution & r$uction ( same ) grape sug> & dilut$ alkali1 or1 be/ ( all1 ) ,ras*ig's r$uction salt4 ,9 place ( ! silv] nitrate1 a solution ( lead acetate or copp] acetate may be employ$4 ,! silk ?us impregnat$ is treat$ 9 ! solution ( an alkal9e sulphide1 e4 g41 sodium sulphide1 ammonium sulphide1 or else ) hydrog5 sulphide1 ?us produc+ a conductive coat+ ( metallic sulphide4 ,^u ?is gold c be precipitat$ by electrodeposition 9 ! usual way4 ,spot ,gild+4--,gild+ 9 spots1 produc+ a v f9e appe>ance1 is done by putt+ a ?9 coat ( oil on ^? p>ts ( ! metal :]e ! gild+ is n to appe>2 ! gold w !n be deposit$ 9 ^? spots only :]e !re is no oil1 & ! oil is easily remov$ :5 ! "w is f9i%$4 ,gild+ ,/eel4--,pure gold is dissolv$ 9 aqua regia2 ! solution is all[$ to evaporate until ! acid 9 excess has gone4 ,! precipitate is plac$ 9 clean wat]1 #c times ! quantity ( sulphuric acid is add$ & ! :ole left to /& = #bd h\rs 9 a well-clos$ flask1 until ! e!real gold solution floats on top4 ,by moi/5+ poli%$ /eel ) ! solution a v h&some gild+ is obta9$4 ,by ! application ( designs ) any desir$ v>ni% ! appe>ance ( a mixture ( gold & /eel may be imp>t$ to ! article4 ,wood ,gild+4--,i4--,! mold+s1 l$ges1 etc41 to be gild$ are pa9t$ ) a /rong solution ( jo9]s' glue1 :i* is left to h>d5 well1 :]eupon #h to #aj coat+s ( glue mix$ ) :it5+ are giv54 ,ea* coat mu/1 ( c\rse1 be ?or\ghly dry1 be=e comm5c+ ! next4 ,aft] ?is has be5 done1 pa9t ) a /rong mixture ( glue & m9ium1 & :ile ?is is /ill wet1 put on ! gold leaflets & press !m d[n ) cotton4 ,to imp>t ! f9e gloss1 poli% ) a burni%+ agate aft] ! sup]flu\s gold has be5 remov$4 ,,ii4--,proce$ z above1 b take silv] leaf in/ead ( gold leaf1 & aft] all is ?or\ghly dry & ! sup]flu\s silv] has be5 remov$1 apply a coat+ ( good gold lacqu]4 ,! effect w be equally satisfactory4 ,z9c ,gild+4--,i4--,gild+ by means ( z9c contact may be accompli%$ ) ! foll[+ =mula3 ,two p>ts1 by weight1 ( gold *loride2 #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( potassium cyanide2 #aj p>ts1 #eha by weight1 ( sulphite ( soda2 & #fj p>ts1 by weight1 ( sodium phosphate are dissolv$ 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,:5 us$ ! ba? mu/ be hot4 ,a cold ba? )\t ! addition ( potassium cyanide may also be us$ = gild+1 & ?is consi/s ( #g p>ts1 by weight1 ( gold *loride2 #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ( yell[ prussiate ( pota%2 #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ( pota%2 #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ( common salt 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,,ii4--,to gild z9c articles1 dissolve #bj p>ts ( gold *loride 9 #bj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 & #hj p>ts ( potassium cyanide 9 #hj p>ts ( wat]1 mix ! solutions1 /ir a few times1 filt]1 & add t>t>1 #e p>ts1 & f9e *alk1 #ajj p>ts4 ,! result+ pa/e is appli$ ) a bru%4 ,objects ( copp] & brass are previ\sly coat$ ) z9c4 ,?is is done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,heat a conc5trat$ sal ammoniac solution to ! boil+ po9t ) addition ( z9c du/ & imm]se ! ?or\ghly clean$ objects until a uni=m z9c coat+ has =m$4 ,or boil ! articles 9 a conc5trat$ cau/ic soda solution ) z9c du/4 ,,oxidiz+ ,,processes3 ,alum9um ,plat+4--,i4--,to plate iron & o!r metals ) pure alum9um1 deoxidize ! pieces ) a solution ( borax & place !m 9 an enamel+ ov51 fitt$ = receiv+ metallic vapors4 ,raise ! temp]ature to #a1hcb to #b1gcb ,f4 ,introduce ! alum9um vapors g5]at$ by heat+ a quantity ( ! metal on ! s& ba?4 ,:5 ! vapors come 9 contact ) ! metallic surfaces1 ! alum9um is deposit$4 ,! vapors t h n be5 us$ or are exhau/$ may be conduct$ into a vessel ( wat]4 ,to ,copp] ,alum9um1 take ,,ii4--,sulphate ( copp] #cj p>ts ,cream ( t>t> #cj p>ts ,soda #be p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,! articles to be copp]$ are m]ely dipp$ 9 ?is ba?1 b !y mu/ be well clean$ previ\sly4 ,antimony ,ba?s4--,i4--,by dissolv+ #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( t>t> emetic & #ae p>ts ( prep>$ t>t> 9 #ejj p>ts ( hot wat] & add+ #de-fj p>ts ( hydro*loric acid & #de-fj p>ts ( p[d]$ antimony1 brass becomes coat$ 9 ! boil+ liquid ) beautiful antimony colors4 ,9 ?is mann] x is possible to imp>t to brass gold51 copp]-r$1 violet1 or blui%-gray %ades1 accord+ to a %ort] or long] /ay ( ! objects 9 ! liquid4 ,^! antimony colors possess a h&some lu/]1 are p]man5t1 & nev] *ange 9 ! air4 ,,ii4--,c>bonate ( soda1 #bjj p>ts1 by weight2 sulphide ( antimony1 #ej p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,heat ! :ole 9 a porcela9 capsule = #a h\r1 keep+ con/antly 9 ebullition2 next1 filt] ! solution1 :i*1 on cool+1 leaves a precipitate1 :i* boil aga9 ) ! liquid = "o-half h\r1 :]eupon ! ba? is ready = use4 ,to ,coat ,brass ,articles ) ,antimony ,colors4--,dissolve #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( t>t> emetic & #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( p[d]$ t>t> 9 #ejj p>ts1 by weight1 ( hot wat] & add #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( hydro*loric acid1 & #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( p[d]$ antimony4 ,into ?is mixture1 heat$ to a boil1 ! imm]s$ articles become cov]$ ) lu/] colors1 a gold5 %ade appe>+ at fir/1 :i* is succe$$ by "o ( copp] r$4 ,if ! objects rema9 long] 9 ! liquid1 ! color passes into violet & f9ally into blui% gray4 ,brass+4--,i4--,to brass small articles ( iron or /eel drop !m into a qu>t ( wat] & #a_/b ounce ea* ( sulphate ( copp] & proto*loride ( t94 ,/ir ! articles 9 ?is solution until desir$ color is obta9$4 ,,ii4--,brass+ ,z9c1 ,/eel1 ,ca/ ,iron1 etc4--,acetate ( copp]1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight2 cyanide ( potassium1 #bej p>ts2 bisulphite ( soda1 #bjj p>ts2 liquid ammonia1 #ajj p>ts2 proto*loride ( z9c1 #hj p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #aj1jjj p>ts4 ,dissolve ! cyanide ( potassium & ! bisulphite ( soda4 ,on ! o!r h&1 dissolve ! ammonia 9 ?ree-f\r?s ( ! wat] & ! proto*loride ( z9c 9 ! rema9+ wat]2 next1 mix ! two solutions4 ,?is ba? is excell5t = brass+ z9c & is us$ cold4 ,,iii4--,acetate ( copp]1 #abe p>ts1 by weight2 cyanide ( potassium1 #djj p>ts2 proto*loride ( z9c1 #ajj p>ts2 liquid ammonia1 #ajj p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #h1jjj to #aj1jjj p>ts4 ,proce$ z above describ$4 ,,iv4--,acetate ( copp]1 #aej p>ts1 by weight2 c>bonate ( soda1 #a1jjj p>ts2 cyanide ( potassium1 #eej p>ts2 bisulphite ( soda1 #bjj p>ts2 proto*loride ( z9c1 #ajj p>ts4 ,proce$ z above4 ,?is ba? s]ves = iron1 ca/ iron1 & /eel1 & is us$ cold4 #ehb ,color$ ,r+s on ,metal4--,dissolve #bjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( cau/ic pota% 9 #b1jjj p>ts ( wat] & add #ej p>ts ( li?>ge4 ,boil ?is solution = half an h\r1 tak+ c>e t a little ( ! li?>ge rema9s undissolv$4 ,:5 cold1 p\r (f ! cle> fluid2 x is !n ready = use4 ,move ! object to & fro 9 ! solution2 a yell[-br[n color appe>s1 becom+ 9 turn :ite1 yell[1 r$1 & f9ally a beautiful violet & blue4 ,z soon z ! desir$ color is obta9$1 remove ! article quickly f ! solution1 r9se 9 clean wat]1 & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,gre5 or ,gold ,color = ,brass4--,fr5* articles ( brass1 bo? ca/ & made ( %eet brass1 mo/ly exhibit a gold5 color1 :i* is produc$ by a copp] coat+4 ,?is color is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,dissolve #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( cau/ic soda & #dj p>ts ( milk sug> 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat] & boil a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,! solution f9ally acquires a d>k-yell[ color4 ,n[ add to ! mixture1 :i* is remov$ f ! fire1 #dj p>ts ( conc5trat$ cold blue vitriol solution4 ,a r$ precipitate is obta9$ f ! vitriol1 :i* falls to ! bottom at #afg ,f4 ,next a wood5 sieve1 fitt$ to ! vessel1 is put into ! liquid ) ! poli%$ brass articles4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! second m9ute ! gold5 color is usually d>k en\gh4 ,! sieve ) ! articles is tak5 out & ! latt] are wa%$ & dri$ 9 sawdu/4 ,if !y rema9 9 ! copp] solution !y soon assume a gre5 color1 :i* 9 a %ort "t passes into yell[ & blui% gre51 & f9ally into ! iridesc5t colors4 ,^! %ades mu/ be produc$ sl[ly at a temp]ature ( #acc to #ace ,f4 ,to ,give a ,gre5 ,color to ,gold ,jewelry4--,take v]digris1 #abj p>ts1 by weight2 sal ammoniac1 #abj p>ts2 nitrate ( potassium1 #de p>ts2 sulphate ( z9c1 #af p>ts4 ,gr9d ! :ole & mix ) /rong v9eg>4 ,place on ! fire & boil 9 x ! articles to be color$4 ,nickel+ by ,oxidation4--,i4--,nickel+ may be p]=m$ on all metals cold1 by means ( nickel5e by ! ,mitressey process1 )\t employ+ electrical app>atus1 & any desir$ ?ickness deposit$4 ,x is said to be m solid ?an nickel4 ,fir/ ,ba?4--,clean ! objects & take #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( ,am]ican pota% p] #be p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,if ! pieces are q ru/$1 take #b p>ts1 by weight1 ( *lorhydric acid p] #a "p1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,! ba? is employ$ cold4 ,second ,ba?4--,put #bej p>ts1 by weight1 ( sulphate ( copp] 9 #be1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,aft] dissolution add a few drops ( sulphuric acid1 drop by drop1 /irr+ ! liquid ) a wood5 /ick until x becomes z cle> z spr+ wat]4 ,take out ! pieces ?us clean$ & place !m 9 :at is call$ ! copp] ba?1 atta*+ to !m leaves ( z9c2 !y w assume a r$ t9t4 ,!n pass !m into ! nickel+ ba?1 :i* is ?us compos$3 ,by weight ,cream ( t>t> #bj p>ts ,sal ammoniac1 9 p[d] #aj p>ts ,kit*5 salt #e p>ts ,oxy*lorhydrate ( t9 #bj p>ts ,sulphate ( nickel1 s+le #cj p>ts ,sulphate ( nickel1 d\ble #ej p>ts ,remove ! pieces f ! ba? 9 a few m9utes & rub !m ) f9e s& on a moi/ rag4 ,brilliancy w ?us be obta9$4 ,to improve ! appe>ance1 apply a brass wire bru%4 ,! nickel+ is said to be m solid & beautiful ?an t obta9$ by ! electrical me?od4 ,brilliancy may be also imp>t$ by means ( a piece ( buff glu$ on a wood5 :eel & sme>$ ) ,engli% r$ /uff4 ,?is w give a glaz$ appe>ance4 ,,ii4--,prep>e a ba? ( neutral z9c *loride & a neutral solution ( a nickel salt4 ,! objects are imm]s$ 9 ! ba? ) small pieces ( z9c & kept boil+ = "s "t4 ,?is process has giv5 satisfactory results4 ,x is easy to prep>e ! z9c *loride by dissolv+ x 9 hydro*loric acid1 z well z a saturat$ solution ( ammoniacal nickel sulphate 9 ! proportion ( two volumes ( ! latt] to "o ( ! z9c *loride4 ,! objects %\ld be boil$ = #ae m9utes 9 ! ba?4 ,nickel salt may also be employ$1 pref]ably 9 ! /ate ( *loride4 ,pickl+ ,solutions4--,oxidiz$ copp]1 brass1 & ,g]man silv] articles mu/ be cleans$ by acid solutions4 ,9 ! case ( brass alloys1 ?is process1 ?r\gh :i* ! object acquires a dull yell[ surface1 is kn[n z dipp+ or yell[+4 ,! treatm5t consi/s ( #ehc sev]al successive op]ations4 ,! article is fir/ boil$ 9 a lye compos$ ( #a "p cau/ic soda & #aj p>ts wat]1 or 9 a solution ( pota% or soda or 9 limewat]2 small objects may be plac$ 9 alcohol or b5z9e4 ,:5 all ! grease has be5 remov$1 ! article is well r9s$ ) wat]1 & is !n ready = ! next pickl+4 ,x is fir/ plung$ into a mixture ( #a "p sulphuric acid & #aj p>ts wat]1 & all[$ to rema9 9 x till x acquires a r$di% t+e4 ,x is !n imm]s$ 9 #dj ,b4 nitric acid1 = ! purpose ( remov+ ! r$ t+e1 & !n = a few seconds into a ba? ( #a "p nitric acid1 #a4be p>ts sulphuric acid ( #ff ,b41 #j4ja "p common salt1 & #j4jb p>ts lampblack4 ,! article mu/ !n be imm$iately & c>efully wa%$ ) wat] till no trace ( acid rema9s4 ,x is !n ready = galvaniz+ or dry+ 9 bran or bee* sawdu/4 ,:5 articles unit$ ) s(t sold] are pickl$ 9 nitric acid1 ! sold] receives a gray-black color4 ,palladiumiz+ ,wat* ,movem5ts4--,palladium is successfully employ$ = coat+ p>ts ( timepieces & o!r pieces ( metals to pres]ve !m aga9/ oxidation4 ,to prep>e a palladium ba? use ! foll[+ +r$i5ts3 ,*loride ( palladium1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 phosphate ( ammonia1 #ajj p>ts2 phosphate ( soda1 #cjj p>ts2 b5zoic acid1 #h p>ts2 wat]1 #b1jjj p>ts4 ,metal ,br[n+ by ,oxidation4--,! article ought fir/ to be clean$ ) ei!r nitric acid or muriatic acid1 !n imm]s$ 9 an acid affect+ ! metal & dri$ 9 a w>m place4 ,a light coat+ is ?us =m$4 ,= a second coat+ acetic or =mic acid is us$ pref]ably = alum9um1 nickel1 & copp]2 b = iron & /eel1 muriatic or nitric acid4 ,aft] clean+1 ! article is plac$ 9 a solution ( tann9 or gallic acid1 & is !n dri$ 9 a w>m place z be=e4 ,! second coat+ is ( a yell[i%-br[n color4 ,on plac+ x ne> ! fire1 ! color c be deep5$ until x becomes completely black2 c>e mu/ be tak5 to )draw x :5 ! desir$ %ade is produc$4 ,in/ead ( ! acids employ$ = ! fir/ coat+1 ammonia may be us$4 ,silv]+ by ,oxidation4--,! oxidiz+ ( silv] d>k5s x1 & gives an antique appe>ance t is highly priz$4 ,i4--,! salts ( silv] are colorless :5 ! acids1 ! elem5ts ( :i* ent] into _! composition1 are n color$1 b !y g5]ally black5 on exposure to light4 ,x is easy1 !re=e1 to black5 silv] & obta9 its oxide2 x is suffici5t to place x 9 contact ) a sulphide1 vapor ( sulphur1 sulphohydric acids1 su* z ! sulphides or polysulphides ( pota%1 soda1 dissolv$ 9 wat] & call$ eau de b>ge4 ,! *lorides play ! same "p1 & ! *loride ( lime 9 solution or simply ,javelle wat] may be us$4 ,x is us$ hot 9 ord] to accel]ate its action4 ,! ba? mu/ be prep>$ new = ea* op]ation = two reasons3 7#a7 ,x is ( little value2 7#b7 ! sulphides precipitate rapidly & give be/ effects only at ! "t ( _! direct precipitations4 ,! quantity ( ! reag5t 9 solution1 =m+ ! ba?1 dep5ds ^u ! ?ickness ( ! deposit ( silv]4 ,:5 ?is is trifl+1 ! oxidation p5etrates ! entire deposit & ! silv] exfoliates 9 small] scales1 leav+ ! copp] b>e4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 9 ?is case to op]ate ) dilute ba?s inclos+ only ab\t #de gra9s ( oxidizant at mo/ p] qu>t4 ,! op]ation is simple3 ,heat ! necess>y quantity ( wat]1 add ! sulphide or *loride & agitate to effect ! solution ( ! mixture1 & !n at once plunge 9 ! silv]-plat$ articles1 leav+ !m imm]s$ only = a few seconds1 :i* exposure is suffici5t to cov] x ) a pellicle ( deep black-blue silv]4 ,aft] )draw+ !y are plung$ 9 clean cold wat]1 r9s$ & dri$1 & ei!r left mat or else poli%$1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! articles4 ,%\ld ! result n be satisfactory1 ! articles are bright5$ by imm]s+ !m 9 a lukew>m solution ( cyanide ( potassium4 ,! oxide1 ! true "n ( :i* w\ld be ! sulphuret or *loruret1 c be rais$ only on an object ei!r entirely ( silv] or silv] plat$4 ,,ii4--,rub ! article ) a mixture ( graphite1 #f p>ts1 & p[d]$ blood/one1 #a "p1 moi/5$ ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,all[ to dry & bru% ) s(t bru%es pass$ ov] wax4 ,or else1 bru% ) a s(t bru% wet ) alcoholic or aque\s plat9ic *loride solution ( #a 9 #bj4 ,,iii4--,sulphuriz+ is effect$ ) ! foll[+ me?ods3 ,dip 9 a solution heat$ to ab\t #age ,f41 ( potassium sulphide1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 ammonium c>bonate1 #aj p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts2 or1 calcium sulphide1 #a to #b p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #d p>ts2 wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 #ehd ,,iv4--,9 ! foll[+ solution articles ( silv] obta9 a w>m br[n tone3 ,copp] sulphate1 #bj p>ts1 by weight2 potassium nitrate1 #aj p>ts2 ammonium *loride1 #bj p>ts4 ,by means ( brom9e1 silv] & silv] alloys receive a black color+4 ,on engrav$ surfaces a niello-l effect may be produc$ !reby4 ,oxidiz$ ,/eel4--,i4--,mix toge!r bismu? *loride1 #a "p2 m]cury bi*loride1 #b p>ts2 copp] *loride1 #a "p2 hydro*loric acid1 #f p>ts2 alcohol1 #e p>ts2 & wat]1 #e p>ts4 ,to use ?is mixture successfully ! articles to be oxidiz$ mu/ be clean$ p]fectly & fre$ f all grease1 :i* is be/ accompli%$ by boil+ !m 9 a soda solution or by wa%+ 9 _s ( w9e4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to t\* ! article ) ! f+]s aga9 aft] ?is clean+4 ,h[ev] clean ! h& may be1 x always has grease on x & leaves spots aft] t\*+1 especially on /eel4 ,next ! object is dipp$ into ! liquid1 or if ?is is n possible ! solution is appli$ ?9 b ev5ly ) a bru%1 p5cil1 or rabbit's foot4 ,:5 ! liquid has dri$1 ! article is plac$ = a half h\r 9 simple boil+ wat]4 ,if a v d>k %ade is desir$ ! process is repeat$ until ! requir$ color is atta9$4 ,,ii4--,apply1 by means ( a sponge1 a solution ( cry/alliz$ iron *loride1 #b p>ts2 solid butt] ( antimony1 #b p>ts2 & gallic acid1 #a "p 9 #e p>ts ( wat]4 ,dry ! article 9 ! air & repeat ! treatm5t until ! desir$ %ade is rea*$4 ,f9ally r9se ) wat]1 dry1 & rub ) l9se$-oil v>ni%4 ,t9n+ by ,oxidation4--,a dipp+ ba? = t9n+ iron is prep>$ by dissolv+ #cjj p>ts1 by weight1 ammonia alum 7sulphate ( alum9a & sulphate ( ammonia7 & #aj p>ts ( melt$ /ann\s *loride 7t9 salt7 9 #bj1jjj p>ts ( w>m wat]4 ,z soon z ! solution boils1 ! iron articles1 previ\sly pickl$ & r9s$ 9 fre% wat]1 are plung$ into ! fluid2 !y are imm$iately cov]$ ) a lay] ( t9 ( a beautiful dull-:ite color1 :i* c be made bright by treatm5t 9 a tub or sack4 ,small quantities ( t9 salt are add$ f "t to "t z may be requir$ to replace ! t9 deposit$ on ! iron4 ,?is ba? is also well adapt$ = t9n+ z9c1 b "h also1 z ) iron1 ! deposit is n suffici5t to prev5t oxidation ( ! metal bel[4 ,l>g] articles t9n$ 9 ?is way are poli%$ by scrat* bru%+4 ,9 t9n+ z9c by ?is process1 ! ammonia alum may be replac$ by any o!r k9d ( alum1 or alum9um sulphate may be us$ alone2 exp]i5ce has %[n1 h[ev]1 t ?is _c be done ) iron1 ca/ iron1 or /eel4 ,if x is desir$ to t9 o!r metals besides iron & z9c 9 ! solution :i* we h describ$1 ! batt]y mu/ be resort$ to2 if ! latt] is us$1 ! above solution %\ld be appli$ 9 pref]5ce to any o!r4 ,,pat9a ,,oxidiz+ ,,processes3 ,pat9a ( ,art ,bronzes4--,= all pat9as1 :e!r ! ord9>y br[n ( comm]ce1 ! gre5 ( ! ,b>ye bronzes1 or ! d>k-orange t9t ( ! ,flor5t9e bronzes1 a bru% is us$ ) pigm5ts v>y+ accord+ to ! %ade desir$ & appli$ to ! metal aft] x is w>m$4 ,recipes are to be met ) on e h& t h n be5 pat5t$4 ,b ! details ( ! op]ation are ! important ?+1 & (t5 ! effect is produc$ by a h&icraft :i* x is difficult to p5etrate4 ,i4--,a d>k t9t may be obta9$ by clean+ ! object & apply+ a coat ( hydrosulphate ( ammonia2 !n1 aft] dry+ x1 by rubb+ ) a bru% sme>$ ) r$ *alk & plumbago4 ,! copp] may also be moi/5$ ) a dilute solution ( *loride ( plat9a & w>m$ slightly1 or /ill by plung+ x 9 a w>m solution ( ! hydro*lorate ( antimony4 ,= ! v]de antique a solution is recomm5d$ compos$ ( #bjj grams ( acetic acid ( #h /r5g?1 ! same quantity ( common v9eg>1 #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ( c>bonate ( ammonia2 #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( sea salt2 ) ! same quantities ( cream ( t>t> & acetate ( copp] & a little wat]4 ,to obta9 ! bronze ( m$als sev]al processes af=d a selection3 ,= example1 ! piece may be dipp$ 9 a ba? consi/+ ( equal p>ts ( ! p]*loride & ! sesquiazotate ( iron1 w>m+ to ! evaporation ( ! liquid1 & rubb+ ) a wax$ bru%4 ,,ii4--,dissolve copp] nitrate1 #aj p>ts1 by weight1 & kit*5 salt1 #b p>ts1 9 #ejj p>ts ( wat] & add a solution ( ammonium acetate obta9$ by neutralization ( #aj p>ts ( (fic9al _s ( sal ammoniac ) acetic acid to a fa9tly acid reaction1 & fill+ up ) wat] to #ejj p>ts4 ,imm]se ! bronze1 all[ to dry1 bru% (f sup]ficially & repeat ?is until ! desir$ %ade ( color has be5 obta9$4 #ehe ,a ,p]man5t ,pat9a = ,copp]4-- ,gre54-- ,i4--,sodium *loride #cg p>ts ,ammonia wat] #ge p>ts ,ammonium *loride #cg p>ts ,/rong w9e v9eg> #e1jjj p>ts ,mix & dissolve4 ,apply to object to be treat$1 ) a camel's-hair p5cil4 ,repeat ! op]ation until ! desir$ %ade ( gre5 is rea*$4 ,yell[ ,gre54-- ,,ii4--,oxalic acid #e p>ts ,ammonium *loride #aj p>ts ,acetic acid1 #cj p] c5t dilution #ejj p>ts ,mix & dissolve4 ,use z above indicat$4 ,! foll[+ w produce ! same result3 ,,iii4--,potassium oxalate1 acid #d p>ts ,ammonium *loride #af-ag p>ts ,v9eg> conta9+ #f p] c5t ( acetic acid #a1jjj p>ts ,,iv4--,blui% ,gre54--,aft] us+ ! fir/ =mula 7= gre57 p5cil ov] ) ! foll[+ solution3 ,ammonium *loride #dj p>ts ,ammonium c>bonate #abj p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,mix & dissolve4 ,gre5i% ,br[n4-- ,v4--,potassium sulphuret #e p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,mix & dissolve4 ,) ?is1 p5cil ov] object to be treat$1 let dry1 !n p5cil ov] ) #aj p>ts a mixture ( a saturat$ solution ( ammonia wat] & acetic acid & #e p>ts ( ammonium *loride ?9n$ ) #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,let dry aga91 !n bru% (f well4 ,repeat1 if necess>y1 until ! desir$ hue is atta9$4 ,ano!r ,blue ,gre54-- ,,vi4--,corrosive sublimate #be p>ts ,potassium nitrate #hf p>ts ,borax #ef p>ts ,z9c oxide #aac p>ts ,copp] acetate #bbj-bbe p>ts ,mix & heat toge!r on ! surface ( ! object "u treatm5t4 ,,vii4--,br[n4--,! foll[+ is a ,p>isian me?od ( produc+ a beautiful deep br[n3 ,potassium oxalate1 acid #c p>ts ,ammonium *loride #ae p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #bhj p>ts ,mix & dissolve4 ,! object is p5cil$ ov] ) ?is sev]al times1 ea* "t all[+ ! solution to dry be=e putt+ on any m4 ,! process is sl[1 b makes an elegant f9i%4 ,gre5 ,pat9a ,^u ,copp]4--,to produce a gre5 pat9a ^u copp] take t>t>ic acid1 dilute x half & half ) boil+ wat]2 coat ! copp] ) ?is2 all[ to dry = "o day & rub ! appli$ lay] (f aga9 ! next day ) oakum4 ,! coat+ mu/ be done 9 dry wea!r1 else no success w be obta9$4 ,take hydro*loric acid & dilute x half & half ) boil+ wat]1 b ! hydro*loric acid %\ld be p\r$ 9 ! wat]1 n vice-v]sa1 :i* is dang]\s4 ,9 ?is hydro*loric acid wat] dissolve z mu* z9c z x c solve & all[ to settle4 ,! cle> liquid is aga9 dilut$ half ) boil+ wat] & ! copp] is coat$ ) ?is a few times4 ,black ,pat9a4--,black pat9a is obta9$ by coat+ ) tall[ ! pieces to be oxidiz$ & light+ ) a ros9 tor*4 ,f9ally1 wipe ! reliefs & let dry4 ,blue-,black ,pat9a4--,use a dilute solution ( *loride ( antimony 9 wat] & add a little free hydro*loric acid4 ,apply ) a s(t bru%1 all[ ! article to dry & rub ) a flannel4 ,if exp5se is no object1 employ a solution ( *loride ( palladium1 :i* gives a magnific5t blue black4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to previ\sly clean ! articles ?or\ghly 9 a hot solution ( c>bonate ( soda1 9 ord] to remove ! dirt & greasy matt]1 :i* w\ld prev5t ! pat9a f becom+ fix$4 ,r$ ,pat9a4--,! foll[+ is a new me?od ( mak+ a r$ pat9a1 ! s-call$ blood bronze1 on copp] & copp] alloys4 ,! metallic object is fir/ made r$ hot1 :]eby x becomes cov]$ ) a coat+ consi/+ ( cupric oxide on ! surface & cupr\s oxide b5ea?4 ,aft] cool+1 x is work$ ^u ) a poli%+ plate until ! black cupric oxide coat+ is remov$ & ! cupr\s oxide appe>s4 ,! metal n[ %[s an int5se r$ color1 #ehf ) a consid]able degree ( lu/]1 bo? ( :i* are s p]man5t t x c be treat$ ) *emicals1 su* z blue vitriol1 = in/ance1 )\t be+ 9 ! lea/ affect$4 ,if x is desir$ to produce a m>bl$ surface1 in/ead ( an ev5 r$ color1 borax or "s *emical hav+ a simil> action is spr9kl$ ^u ! metal dur+ ! process ( heat+4 ,on ! places cov]$ by ! borax1 oxidation is prev5t$1 & aft] poli%+1 spots ( ! orig9al metallic color w appe> 9 ! r$ surface4 ,^! c be color$ by well-kn[n processes1 s z to give ! desir$ m>bl$ appe>ance4 ,,plat9iz+3 ,plat9iz+ ,alum9um4--,alum9um vessels coat$ ) a lay] ( plat9um are recomm5d$ 9 place ( plat9um vessels1 :5 n expos$ to v high temp]atures4 ,! process ( plat9iz+ is simple1 consi/+ 9 rubb+ ! alum9um surface1 previ\sly poli%$1 ) plat9ic *loride1 r5d]$ slightly alkal9e4 ,! lay] ( plat9um is made ?ick] by repeat$ application4 ,pota% lye is c>efully add$ to a solution ( #e to #aj p] c5t ( plat9ic *loride 9 wat] till a slightly alkal9e reaction is produc$ on filt]+ pap] or a porcela9 plate by means ( ph5olph?ale94 ,?is solution mu/ always be fre%ly prep>$1 & is ! be/ = ! purpose4 ,nei!r galvaniz+ nor amalgamat+ w produce ! desir$ result4 ,special c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! alum9um is free f iron1 o!rwise black pat*es w arise :i* _c be remov$4 ,vessels plat9iz$ 9 ?is way mu/ n be clean$ ) sub/ances su* z sea-s&1 b ) a #e to #aj p] c5t solution ( oxalic acid 9 wat]1 foll[$ by ?or\gh r9s+ 9 wat]4 ,^! vessles are said to be specially suitable = evaporat+ purposes4 ,plat9iz+ ,copp] & ,brass4--,i4--,! articles are coat$ ) a ?9 lay] ( plat9um 9 a boil+ solution ( plat9um sal ammoniac1 #a "p2 sal ammoniac1 #h p>ts2 & wat]1 #dj p>ts1 & next poli%$ ) *alk4 ,a mixture ( equal p>ts ( plat9um sal ammoniac & t>t> may also be rubb$ on ! objects4 ,/eel & iron articles c be plat9iz$ ) an e!real solution ( plat9ic *loride4 ,= small jewelry ! boil+ solution ( plat9ic *loride1 #aj p>ts2 cook+ salt1 #bjj p>ts2 & wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts1 is employ$1 :i* is r5d]$ alkal9e ) soda lye4 ,9 ?is1 "o may also "w ) z9c contact4 ,,ii4--,heat #hjj p>ts ( sal ammoniac & #aj p>ts ( plat9um sal ammoniac to ! boil+ po9t ) #djj p>ts ( wat]1 9 a porcela9 di%1 & place ! articles to be plat9iz$ into ?is1 :]eby !y soon become cov]$ ) a coat+ ( plat9um4 ,!y are !n remov$ f ! liquid1 dri$ & poli%$ ) :it+4 ,plat9iz+ on ,glass or ,porcela94--,fir/ dissolve ! plat9um at a mod]ate temp]ature 9 aqua regia1 & next evaporate ! solution to dryness1 obs]v+ ! foll[+ rules3 ,:5 ! solution comm5ces to turn ?ick x is necess>y to dim9i% ! fire1 :ile c>ry+ ! evaporation s f> t ! salt becomes dry1 b ! solution %\ld n be all[$ to acquire a br[n color1 :i* occurs if ! heat is too /rong4 ,! result ( ?is fir/ op]ation is *loride ( plat9a4 ,:5 ! latt] has cool$ (f x %\ld be dissolv$ 9 alcohol 7#ie p] c5t74 ,! dissolution accompli%$1 :i* takes place at ! end ( #a or #b h\rs1 ?r[ ! solution gradually into f\r times its weight ( ess5ce ( lav5d]1 !n put into a well-clos$ flask4 ,= use1 dip a bru% into ! solution & apply x ^u ! objects to be plat9iz$1 let dry & place 9 ! muffle1 leav+ !m 9 ! ov5 = ab\t "o-half h\r4 ,9 ?is op]ation "o %\ld be guid$ z reg>ds ! duration ( ! bak+ by ! h>dness or fusibility ( ! objects treat$4 ,! plat9ization accompli%$1 take a cotton clo?1 dipp$ into :it+ 9 ! /ate ( pulp1 & rub ! plat9at$ articles ) ?is1 r9s+ ) wat] aft]w>ds4 ,plat9iz+ ,metals4--,foll[+ are sev]al processes ( plat9iz+ on metals3 ,x is und]/ood t ! metals to be cov]$ ) plat9um mu/ be copp] or copp]$4 ,all ^! ba?s require /rong batt]ies4 ,i4--,take borate ( pota%1 #cjj p>ts1 by weight2 *loride ( plat9a1 #ab p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,c>bonate ( soda1 #bej p>ts1 by weight2 *loride ( plat9a1 #aj p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,,iii4--,sulphocyanide ( pota%1 #ab p>ts1 by weight2 *loride ( plat9a1 #ab p>ts2 c>bonate ( soda1 #ab p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,,iv4--,borate ( soda1 #ejj p>ts1 by weight2 *loride ( plat9a1 #ab p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 #ehg ,,silv]+1 ,,silv]-,,plat+1 ,,& ,,desilv]+3 ,see also ,silv]+ by ,oxidation1 "u ,oxidation ,processes1 "u ,plat+4 ,antique ,silv]4--,!re are v>i\s processes = produc+ antique silv]1 ei!r fat or oxidiz$3 ,to a little copal v>ni% add "s f9ely p[d]$ ivory black or graphite4 ,?9 ) spirits ( turp5t9e & rub ) a bru% dipp$ into ?is v>ni% ! objects to be treat$4 ,all[ to dry = an h\r & wipe (f ! top ( ! articles ) "s rag1 s t ! black rema9s only 9 ! holl[s4 ,if a s(t] t9t is desir$1 apply aga9 ) a dry bru% & wipe z ! fir/ "t4 ,! coat+ ( black w be weak] & ! %ade h&som]4 ,britannia ,silv]-,plat+4--,i4--,! article %\ld fir/ be clean$ & !n rubb$ by means ( a wet clo? ) a p9* ( p[d] obta9$ by mix+ toge!r3 ,nitrate ( silv]1 #a "p2 cyanide ( potassium1 #b p>ts2 *alk1 #e p>ts4 ,!n wipe ) a dry clo?1 & poli% well ) r\ge to give brilliancy4 ,,ii4--,by ! electric me?od ! metal is simply plung$ into a hot saturat$ solution ( crude potassium c>bonate1 & ! plat+ is !n done directly1 us+ a /rong electrical curr5t4 ,! potassium c>bonate solution dissolves ! surface ( ! britannia metal & ?us enables ! silv] to take a /rong hold on ! article4 ,to ,silv] ,brass1 ,bronze1 ,copp]1 etc4--,i4--,9 ord] to silv] copp]1 brass1 bronze1 or copp]$ metallic articles1 dissolve #aj p>ts ( lun> cau/ic 9 #ejj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 & #ce p>ts ( potassium cyanide 7#ih p] c5t7 9 #ejj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]2 mix bo? solutions ) /irr+1 heat to #agf to #aid ,f4 9 an enamel$ vessel1 & ent] ! articles1 well cleans$ ( fat & impurities1 until a uni=m coat+ has =m$4 ,,ii4--,z9c1 brass1 & copp] are silv]$ by apply+ a pa/e ( ! foll[+ composition3 ,t5 p>ts ( silv] nitrate dissolv$ 9 #ej p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 & #be p>ts ( potassium cyanide dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat]2 mix1 /ir1 & filt]4 ,moi/5 #ajj p>ts ( :it+ & #djj p>ts ( p[d]$ t>t> ) en\gh ( ! above solution to make a pa/e-l mass1 :i* is appli$ by means ( a bru% on ! well-clean$ objects4 ,aft] ! dry+ ( ?is coat+1 r9se (f1 & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,,iii4--,to silv] brass & copp] by friction1 rub on ! articles1 previ\sly clean$ ( grease1 a pa/e ( silv] *loride1 #aj p>ts2 cook+ salt1 #bj p>ts2 p[d]$ t>t>1 #bj p>ts2 & ! necess>y wat]1 us+ a rag4 ,desilv]+4--,i4--,x (t5 happ5s 9 plat+ t1 not)/&+ all precautions1 "s pieces h fail$ & x is necess>y to comm5ce ! "w aga94 ,= remov+ ! silv] t has be5 appli$1 a rapid me?od is to take sulphuric acid1 #ajj p>ts1 & nitrate ( pota%1 #aj p>ts4 ,put ! sulphuric acid & ! nitrate ( pota% 7saltpet]7 9 a vessel ( /onew>e or porcela91 heat$ on ! wat] ba?4 ,:5 ! silv] has be5 remov$ f ! copp]1 r9se ! object sev]al times & recomm5ce ! silv]+4 ,?is ba? may be us$ repeat$ly1 tak+ c>e ea* "t to put x 9 a /opp]$ bottle4 ,:5 x has be5 saturat$ ) silv] & has no m /r5g?1 decant ! deposit1 boil ! liquor to dryness1 add ! residue to ! deposit1 & melt 9 a crucible to reg5]ate ! metal4 ,,ii4--,to dissolve ! silv] cov]+ ( a metallic object1 a ba? is made use (1 compos$ ( #ff p] c5t sulphuric acid1 #c p>ts1 & #dj p] c5t nitric acid1 #a "p4 ,?is mixture is heat$ to ab\t #agf ,f41 & ! objects to be desilv]$ are susp5d$ 9 x by means ( a copp] wire4 ,! op]ation is accompli%$ 9 a few seconds4 ,! objects are wa%$ & !n dri$ 9 sawdu/4 ,to ,silv] ,glass ,balls & ,plate ,glass4--,! foll[+ is a me?od = silv]+ ! glass balls :i* are us$ z ornam5ts 9 g>d5s1 glass panes1 & concave mirrors3 ,dissolve #cjj p>ts ( nitrate ( silv] & #bjj p>ts ( ammonia 9 #a1cjj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,add #ce p>ts ( t>t>ic acid dissolv$ 9 #d times its weight ( wat]4 ,dilute ! :ole ) #ae1jjj to #ag1jjj p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,prep>e a second solution conta9+ twice ! am\nt ( t>t>ic acid z ! prec$+ "o4 ,apply ea* ( ^! solutions successively = #ae to #bj m9utes on ! glass to be silv]$1 :i* mu/ previ\sly h be5 clean$ & dri$4 ,:5 ! silv]+ is suffici5t1 wa% ! object ) hot wat]1 let dry1 & cov] ) a br[n v>ni%4 ,iron ,silv]-,plat+4--,i4--,iron articles are plat$ ) quicksilv] 9 a solution ( nitrate ( m]cury be=e be+ silv]$4 ,! quicksilv] is !n remov$ by heat+ to #egb ,f4 ,! articles may also be fir/ t9n$ to economize ! silv]4 ,/eel is dipp$ 9 a mixture ( #ehh nitrate ( silv] & m]cury1 ea* dissolv$ sep>ately 9 ! proportion ( #e p>ts1 by weight1 to #cjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]1 !n wip$ to remove ! black film ( c>bon1 & silv]$ till a sample dipp$ 9 a solution ( blue vitriol ceases to turn r$4 ,accord+ to ,h4 ,krupp1 articles made ( an alloy ( nickel1 copp]1 & z9c1 su* z knives1 =ks1 spoons1 etc41 %\ld be coat$ electrically ) nickel1 put into a solution ( copp] l t us$ = galvanic copp]+1 & !n electroplat$4 ,,ii4--,a brilliant silv] color may be imp>t$ to iron 7f :i* all grease has be5 previ\sly remov$7 by treat+ x ) ! foll[+ solution3 ,=ty p>ts1 by weight1 *loride ( antimony2 #aj p>ts1 by weight1 p[d]$ ars5i\s acid2 & #hj p>ts levigat$ hematite are mix$ ) #a1jjj p>ts ( #ij p] c5t alcohol & g5tly heat$ = half an h\r on a wat] ba?4 ,a p>tial solution takes place1 & a small cotton pad is !n dipp$ 9 ! liquid & appli$ ) a g5tle pressure to ! iron4 ,a ?9 film consi/+ ( ars5ic & antimony is precipitat$1 z describ$ by ,dr4 ,langbe91 9 8 8,h&bu* d] galv4 ,metallni$]s*lge40 ,! brilliancy ( ! effect dep5ds ^u ! c>e ) :i* ! iron has previ\sly be5 poli%$4 ,to ,silv]-,plate ,metals4--,i4--,nitrate ( silv]1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 cau/ic pota%1 #cj p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #ajj p>ts4 ,put ! nitrate ( silv] into ! wat]2 "o-qu>t] h\r aft]w>ds add ! pota%1 &1 :5 ! solution is done1 filt]4 ,x is suffici5t to dip ! objects to be silv]$ into ?is ba?1 mov+ !m ab\t 9 x = #a or #b m9utes at mo/2 !n r9s+ & dry+ 9 sawdu/4 ,x is necess>y to pickle ! pieces be=e us+ ! ba?4 ,to make ! nitrate ( silv] "o's self1 take #cj p>ts ( pure silv] & #fj p>ts ( nitric acid1 & :5 ! metal is dissolv$ add ! cau/ic pota% & ! wat]4 ,,ii4--,kays]'s silv]+ liquid1 :i* is excell5t = all k9ds ( metals1 is prep>$ f lun> cau/ic1 #aa p>ts2 sodium hyposulphite1 #bj p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #ab p>ts2 :it+1 #bj p>ts2 & di/ill$ wat]1 #bjj p>ts4 ,! articles mu/ be clean$ well4 ,mosaic ,silv]4--,?is comp\nd consi/s ( t91 #c p>ts1 by weight2 bismu?1 #c p>ts2 & m]cury1 #a #a_/b p>ts4 ,! alloy ( ^! metals is p[d]$ f9ely1 ?us =m+ a silv]y mass us$ = imitation silv]+ ( metals1 pap]1 wood1 etc4 ,9 ord] to imp>t to metals1 especially articles ( copp] & brass1 an appe>ance simil> to silv]1 !y are made p]fectly bright4 ,! p[d] ( ! mosaic silv] is mix$ ) six times ! volume ( bone a%es1 add+ en\gh wat] to cause a pa/e & rubb+ ?is on ! metallic surface by means ( a cork ( suitable %ape4 ,9 ord] to silv] pap] by means ( ?is prep>ation x is gr\nd ) :ite ( egg1 dilut$ mucilage1 or v>ni%1 & treat$ l a pa9t4 ,pa/es = ,silv]+4--,i4--,c>bonate ( lime1 #fe p>ts2 sea salt1 #fj p>ts2 cream ( t>t>1 #ce p>ts2 nitrate ( silv]1 #bj p>ts4 ,bray all 9 a mort>1 n add+ ! c>bonate ( lime until ! o!r sub/ances are r$uc$ to a f9e p[d]4 ,next1 add a little wat] to =m a homog5e\s pa/e1 :i* is pres]v$ 9 blue bottles away f ! light4 ,= use1 put a little ( ?is pa/e on a small pad & rub ! article ) x4 ,,ii4--,articles ( z9c1 brass1 or copp] may also be silv]-plat$ by apply+ to !m a pa/y mass ( ! foll[+ composition3 ,fir/ dissolve #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( nitrate ( silv] 9 #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( di/ill$ wat]2 also #be p>ts1 by weight1 ( potassium cyanide 9 suffici5t di/ill$ wat] to dissolve x4 ,p\r ! two toge!r1 /ir well1 & filt]4 ,n[ #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( :it+ or levigat$ *alk & #djj p>ts1 by weight1 ( potassium bit>trate1 f9ely p[d]$1 are moi/5$ ) ! above solution suffici5tly to =m a s(t pa/e1 :i* may be appli$ to ! objects1 previ\sly well cleans$1 ) a bru%4 ,aft] ?is coat+ has dri$ well1 r9se x (f1 & dry ! object 9 clean sawdu/4 ,resilv]+4--,i4--,take #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( di/ill$ wat] & divide x into two equal portions4 ,9 ! "o dissolve #aj p>ts ( silv] nitrate & 9 ! o!r #be p>ts ( potassium cyanide4 ,! two solutions are reunit$ 9 a s+le vessel z soon z complet$4 ,next prep>e a mixture ( #ajj p>ts ( ,spani% :ite1 pass$ ?r\gh a f9e sieve1 #aj p>ts ( cream ( t>t>1 pulv]iz$1 & #a "p ( m]cury4 ,?is p[d] is /irr$ 9 a portion ( ! above liquid s z to =m a r ?ick pa/e4 ,! composition is appli$ by means ( ! f+]1 cov]$ ) a rag1 on ! object to be silv]$4 ,! application mu/ be z ev5 z possible4 ,let ! object dry & wa% 9 pure wat]4 ,! excess ( p[d] is remov$ ) a bru%4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ is a process us$ :5 ! jewel] has to repair c]ta9 pieces f :i* silv]+ has come (f #ehi 9 places1 & :i* he w\ld l to repair )\t hav+ rec\rse to ! batt]y1 & specially )\t hav+ to take out ! /ones or pe>ls3 ,take nitrate ( silv]1 #be p>ts1 by weight2 cyanide ( potassium1 #ej p>ts2 cream ( t>t>1 #bj p>ts2 ,p>is :ite1 #bjj p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #bjj p>ts2 m]cury1 #b p>ts4 ,dissolve ! nitrate ( silv] 9 half ( ! di/ill$ wat] & ! cyanide 9 ! o!r half2 mix ! two liquids2 next bray well 9 a mort> ! m]cury1 ,p>is :ite1 & cream ( t>t>4 ,pres]ve ! products ( ^! two op]ations sep>ately1 & :5 y wi% to use !m make a r s(t pa/e ( ! two1 :i* apply ) a little cotton or a bru% on ! portion to be silv]$4 ,let dry & subsequ5tly rub ) a s(t bru%4 ,t9 ,silv]-,plat+4--,prep>e a solution ( #c p>ts1 by weight1 ( bismu? subnitrate 9 #aj p>ts ( nitric acid ( #a4d specific gravity1 to :i* add a solution ( #aj p>ts ( t>t> & #dj p>ts ( hydro*loric acid 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,9 ! mixture ( ^! solutions imm]se ! t9 articles fre$ f grease & oxide4 ,! pulv]\s bismu? precipitat$ on ! surface is rubb$ (f1 :]eupon ! objects appe> d>k /eel gray4 ,= silv]+ prep>e a mixture ( #aj p>ts ( silv] *loride2 #cj p>ts ( cook+ salt2 #bj p>ts ( t>t>1 & #ajj p>ts ( p[d]$ *alk1 :i* is rubb$ 9 a slightly moi/ /ate on ! bismu? surface ( ! t9 articles1 us+ a flannel rag4 ,! silv] sep>ates only 9 a v ?9 lay]1 & mu/ be protect$ aga9/ p[] & light be=e t>ni%+ by a coat+ ( pres]vative or celluloid v>ni%4 ,z9c ,contact ,silv]-,plat+4--,accord+ to ,bu*n]1 #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( silv] nitrate is dissolv$ 9 wat] & precipitat$ by ! addition ( hydro*loric acid 9 ! =m ( silv] *loride1 :i* is wa%$ sev]al times 9 clean wat]2 n[ dissolve #gj p>ts1 by weight1 ( _s ( sal ammoniac 9 wat]1 & add to x #dj p>ts1 by weight1 ( soda cry/als1 #dj p>ts1 by weight1 ( pure potassium cyanide1 & #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( common salt4 ,n[ ?9 d[n ! comp\nd ) suffici5t di/ill$ wat] to make a total ( #a1jjj p>ts4 ,t9 ,plat+ ( ,lead4--,lead plates are be/ t9n$ by plat+4 ,= ?is purpose a table ) a p]fectly ev5 iron surface & provid$ ) v]tical rais$ edges to prev5t ! melt$ metal f fl[+ away1 is employ$4 ,! lead is p\r$ on ?is table1 & cov]$ ) grease to prev5t oxidation ( ! surface4 ,z soon z ! lead is congeal$1 melt$ t9 is p\r$ ov] x1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! t9 is suffici5tly heat$ to remelt ! surface ( ! lead & comb9e ?or\ghly ) x4 ,:5 ! plate is suffici5tly cool$1 x is turn$ ov]1 & ! l[] surface treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,! plate1 ?us t9n$ on bo? sides1 is !n plac$ betwe5 roll]s1 & c be roll$ into v ?9 %eets )\t injury to ! t9 coat+4 ,^! %eets1 d\bly coat$ ) t9 by ?is process1 are specially adapt$ = l9+ cases int5d$ = ! transport ( biscuits1 *ocolate1 c&ies1 tea1 snuff1 etc4 ,if lead plates are only to be t9n$ sup]ficially1 !y are heat$ to a tol]ably high temp]ature1 & spr9kl$ ) p[d]$ ros92 melt$ t9 is !n rubb$ on ! surface ( ! plate ) a ball ( t[4 ,x is advisable to give ! lead a fairly ?ick coat+ ( t91 z ! latt] is r5d]$ ?9n] by ! subsequ5t roll+4 ,,v>i\s ,,recipes3 ,to ,asc]ta9 :e!r an ,article is ,nickel$1 ,t9n$1 or ,silv]$4--,:5 necess>y to asc]ta9 quickly & accurately ! nature ( ! :ite metal cov]+ an object1 ! foll[+ process w be f\nd to give excell5t results3 ,nickel$ ,surface4--,if ! article has a nickel coat+1 a drop ( hydro*loric acid1 deposit$ on a spot clean & free f grease1 w quickly develop a gre5i% t9t4 ,if ! object is kept = #e or #aj m9utes 9 a solution compos$ ( #fj p>ts ( sea salt & #aaj p>ts ( wat]1 x w receive a v *>act]i/ic r$di% t9t4 ,a drop ( sulphuret ( sodium does n *ange a nickel$ surface4 ,t9n$ ,surface4--,a t9n$ object may be recogniz$ readily by apply+ hydro*loric acid1 :i*1 ev5 dilut$1 w remove ! t94 ,! salt solution1 us$ z previ\sly describ$1 produces a gray t9t1 fa9t 9 c]ta9 cases4 ,! sulphuret ( sodium dissolves t94 ,silv]$ ,surface4--,9 ! case ( a silv]$ article a drop ( nitric acid w remove ! silv]1 :ile hydro*loric acid w sc>cely attack x4 ,! salt solution w produce no effect4 ,! sulphuret ( sodium w black5 x rapidly4 ,,plat9iz+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,plat9otype ,,pap]3 ,see ,photography4 #eij ,,plat9um ,,pap]s ,,& ,,_! ,,developm5t3 ,see ,photography1 "u ,develop+ ,pap]s4 ,,plat9um ,,wa/e1 ,,to ,,sep>ate ,,silv] ,,f3 ,see ,silv]4 ,,plumbago3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,plumes3 ,see ,fea!rs4 ,,plu%3 ,to ,make ,plu% ,adh]e to ,metal4--,wa% (f ) ord9>y soda wat] ! bottom ( a t9 box1 wip+ x dry ) clo?4 ,coat ! t9 ) ! juice ( onion & press on ?is space a piece ( /rong pap]1 smoo?+ x out s t !re w be no bli/]s4 ,:5 ?is has dri$1 ! pap] w adh]e1 s t x c be remov$ only by scrap+ ) a %>p in/rum5t4 ,!n give a coat ( hot glue to ! pap] & press ! plu% d[n into ! glue1 & :5 dry & h>d1 ! plu% c be remov$ only by plac+ ! t9 box 9 boil+ wat]4 ,,plu%1 ,,to ,,remove ,,grease ,,spots ,,f3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,poisons1 ,,antidotes ,,=3 ,see ,antidotes4 ,poli%es h#d,poli%es = ,alum9um4--,i4--,m4 ,m\ray recomm5ds ! use ( an emulsion ( equal p>ts ( rum & olive oil1 made by %ak+ ^! liquids toge!r 9 a bottle4 ,:5 a burni%+ /one is us$1 ! peculi> black /reaks fir/ appe>+ %\ld n cause vexation1 s9ce !y d n injure ! metal 9 ! lea/1 & may be remov$ ) a wool5 rag4 ,! object 9 "q may also be bright5$ 9 pota% lye1 9 :i* case1 h[ev]1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to h ! lye too /rong4 ,= clean+ purposes b5zol has be5 f\nd be/4 ,,ii4--,alum9um is susceptible ( tak+ a beautiful poli%1 b x is n :ite l t ( silv] or nickel1 r slightly blui%1 l t94 ,! %ade c be improv$4 ,fir/1 ! grease is to be remov$ f ! object ) pumice /one4 ,!n1 = poli%+1 use is made ( an em]y pa/e m+l$ ) tall[1 =m+ cakes :i* are rubb$ on ! poli%+ bru%es4 ,f9ally1 r\ge p[d] is employ$ ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,poli%es = ,b>s1 ,c\nt]s1 etc4 ,i4--,l9se$ oil #h ounces ,/ale ale #h ounces ,hydro*loric acid #a ounce ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #a ounce ,:ite ( #a egg4 ,mix4 ,%ake be=e us+4 ,clean out ! du/1 dirt1 etc41 us+ an appropriate bru%1 or a bit ( clo? wrapp$ ar\nd a /ick1 !n apply ! above1 ) a s(t bru%1 or a bit ( cotton wrapp$ 9 a bit ( silk--or1 9 fact1 any conv5i5t me?od ( apply+ x4 ,,ii4--,japan wax #a av4 ounce ,oil ( turp5t9e #c fluid\nces ,l9se$ oil #af fluid\nces ,alcohol #c fluid\nces ,solution ( pota% #a #a_/b fluid\nces ,wat] to make #cb fluid\nces4 ,dissolve ! wax 9 ! turp5t9e1 add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 dilut+ ! pota% solution ) ! wat] be=e add+ to ! o!r +r$i5ts1 & /ir briskly until well mix$4 ,,poli%es ,,= ,,brass1 ,,bronze1 ,,copp]1 ,,etc4 ,objects ( poli%$ copp]1 bronze1 brass1 & o!r alloys ( copp] t>ni% ?r\gh wat] & x is sometimes necess>y to give !m aga9 _! bright appe>ance4 ,pickle ! articles 9 an acid ba?2 wa% !m next 9 a neutral ba?2 dry !m1 & subsequ5tly rub !m ) a poli%+ p[d]4 ,su* is ! g5]al =mula2 ! processes indicat$ bel[ are b v>iants adapt$ to div]s cases & recomm5d$ by dis9t]e/$ exp]im5t]s3 ,%>p ,poli%es4--,! foll[+ ?ree may be us$ on dirty brasses1 copp] articles1 etc41 :]e scrat*+ is n objectionable3 ,i4--,qu>tz s&1 p[d]$ & levigat$ #bj p>ts ,p>is r$ #cj p>ts ,vasel9e #ej p>ts ,mix intimately & make a pomade4 ,,ii4--,em]y fl\r1 f9e/ levigat$ #ej p>ts ,p>is r$ #ej p>ts ,mutton suet #dj p>ts ,oleic acid #dj p>ts ,,iii4--,levigat$ em]y p[d] #ajj p>ts ,anhydr\s sodium c>bonate #e p>ts ,tall[ soap #bj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts #eia ,copp] ,articles4--,make a mixture ( p[d]$ *>coal1 v f9e1 #d p>ts2 _s ( w9e1 #c p>ts2 & ess5ce ( turp5t9e1 #b p>ts4 ,to ?is add wat] 9 :i* "o-?ird ( its weight ( sorrel salt or oxalic acid has be5 /irr$1 & rub ! objects ) ?is mixture4 ,bronze ,articles4--,boil ! objects 9 soap lye1 wa% 9 pl5ty ( wat]1 & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,highly ,oxidiz$ ,bronzes4--,fir/ dip 9 /rong soda lye1 !n 9 a ba? conta9+ #a "p ( sulphuric acid to #ab p>ts ( wat]4 ,r9se 9 clean wat]1 & next 9 wat] conta9+ a little ammonia4 ,dry & rub ) a poli%+ p[d] or pa/e4 ,,poli%es ,,= ,,floors4 ,i4--,?r[ a h&ful ( p]manganate pota% cry/als into a pail ( boil+ wat]1 & apply ! mixture z hot z possible to ! floor ) a l>ge flat bru%4 ,if ! /a9 produc$ is n d>k en\gh1 apply "o or two m coats z desir$1 leav+ ea* wa% to dry ?or\ghly be=e apply+ ano!r4 ,if x is desir$ to poli% ! surface ) beeswax1 a coat ( size %\ld be appli$ to ! bo>ds be=e /a9+1 z ?is gives dep? & ri*ness to ! color4 ,aft] #c or #d days1 poli% well ) a mixture ( turp5t9e & beeswax4 ,a few c5ts w cov] ! co/ ( bo? size & p]manganate ( pota%4 ,,ii4--,pota% #a "p ,wat] #d p>ts ,yell[ beeswax #e p>ts ,hot wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,emulsify ! wax by boil+ x 9 ! wat] 9 :i* ! pota% has be5 dissolv$2 /ir ! :ole "t4 ,! exact am\nt ( boil+ is det]m9$ by ! abs5ce ( any free wat] 9 ! mass4 ,!n remove ! vessel f ! fire1 & g5tly p\r 9 a little boil+ wat]1 & /ir ! mixture c>efully4 ,if a fat-l mass appe>s )\t traces ( wat]y p>ticles1 "o may "k ! mass is 9 a fit condition to be liquefi$ by ! addition ( m hot wat] )\t ! wat] sep>at+4 ,!n put 9 ! wat] to ! ext5t ( #bjj to #bbe p>ts1 & reheat ! comp\nd = #e to #aj m9utes1 )\t all[+ x to rea* ! boil+ po9t4 ,/ir con/antly until ! mixture is cool1 s z to prev5t ! sep>ation ( ! wax1 :5 a cream-l mass results :i* gives a quick & brilliant poli% on woodwork1 if appli$ 9 ! usual way1 on a piece ( flannel rag1 & poli%$ by rubb+ ) ano!r piece ( flannel4 ,color$ ,floor ,poli%es4--,yell[3 ,cau/ic soda solution1 #g #a_/b p>ts1 mix$ ) #a #a_/b to #b p>ts ( f9ely p[d]$ o*]1 heat$ ) #b #a_/b p>ts ( yell[ wax1 & /irr$ until uni=mly mix$4 ,a r$di%-br[n color may be obta9$ by add+ #b p>ts ( p[d]$ umb] to ! above mixture4 ,nut ,br[n4--,i4--,natural umb]1 #a_/b "p2 burnt umb]1 #a "p2 & yell[ o*]1 #a "p1 gives a f9e r$-br[n color :5 incorporat$ ) ! same wax & soda mixture4 ,,ii4--,treat #e p\nds ( wax ) #ae p\nds ( cau/ic soda lye ( #c ,b4 s t a uni=m wax milk results2 boil ) #a_/b p\nd ( annatto1 #c p\nds ( yell[ o*]1 & #b p\nds ( burnt umb]4 ,mahogany ,br[n4--,boil #e p\nds ( wax ) #ae p\nds ( cau/ic soda lye z above4 ,!n add #g p\nds ( burnt umb] v f9ely p[d]$1 mak+ x into a uni=m mass by boil+ aga94 ,yell[ ,o*]4--,! wax milk obta9$ z above is boil$ ) #e p\nds ( yell[ o*]4 ,! mass on cool+ has ! consi/5cy ( a salve4 ,if x is to be us$ = rubb+ ! floor x is /irr$ ) suffici5t boil+ wat] s z to =m a fluid ( ! consi/5cy ( ?9 syrup or oil4 ,?is is appli$ v ?9 on ! floor1 us+ a bru%2 !n x is all[$ to dry only half way1 & is rubb$ ) a /iff floor bru%4 ,! poli%+ is cont9u$ ) a wool5 rag until a mirror-l gloss is obta9$4 ,x is be/ n to pa9t ! :ole room & !n bru%1 b ! deals %\ld be tak5 "o aft] ! o!r1 o!rwise ! coat+ w\ld become too dry & give too dull a lu/]4 ,! floors ?us treat$ ) gloss pa/e are v beautiful4 ,to keep !m 9 ?is condition !y %\ld be once 9 a :ile rubb$ ) a wool5 rag1 & if necess>y ! color has to be r5ew$ 9 places4 ,if !re are p>quet floors ^: patt]ns are n to be cov]$ up1 ! o*] 7yell[7 pa/e or1 bett] /ill1 ! pure wax milk is us$4 ,fr5* ,poli%4--,! wood to be poli%$ mu/ be made p]fectly smoo? & all irregul>ities remov$ f ! surface ) glass pap]2 next oil ! "w ) l9se$ oil1 tak+ c>e to rub (f all sup]flu\s oil4 7,if ! wood is :ite no oil %\ld be us$1 z x imp>ts a slight color47 ,!n prep>e a wad or rubb] ( wadd+1 tak+ c>e !re are no h>d lumps 9 x4 ,aft] ! rubb] is prep>$ p\r on x a small quantity ( poli%4 ,!n cov] x ) a piece ( old cotton rag 7new w #eib n answ]74 ,put a small drop ( oil ) ! f+] on ! surface ( ! rubb]1 & !n proce$ to poli%1 mov+ ! rubb] 9 l9es1 mak+ a k9d ( figure ( eight ov] ! "w4 ,be v c>eful t ! rubb] is n all[$ to /ick or ! "w w be spoilt4 ,a little l9se$ oil facilitates ! process4 ,:5 ! rubb] requires m poli%1 turn back ! rag cov]1 p\r on ! poli%1 replace ! cov]1 oil & "w z be=e4 ,aft] ?is rubb+ has proce$$ = a little "t & ! :ole surface has be5 gone ov]1 ! "w mu/ be all[$ to /& = a few h\rs to h>d51 & !n be rubb$ d[n smoo? ) v f9e em]y pap]4 ,!n give ano!r coat ( poli%4 ,if n smoo? en\gh1 em]y pap] aga94 ,?is process mu/ cont9ue until ! gra9 is fill$ up4 ,f9i% (f ) a clean rubb] ) only _s on x 7no poli%71 :5 a cle> bright surface %\ld be ! result4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to put ! poli% on too freely1 or y w get a r\gh surface4 ,aft] a little practice all difficulties w vani%4 ,! be/ ,fr5* poli% w be f\nd to be "o made only f good pale orange %ellac & _s1 us+ #c p\nds ( %ellac = ea* gallon ( _s4 ,! latt] %\ld be ( #fc to #fd ov]-pro(4 ,a weak _s is n suitable & does n make a good poli%4 ,a few drops ( pure l9se$ oil make ! poli% "w m freely4 ,,poli%es ,,= ,,furniture4 ,fir/ make a pa/e to fill cracks z foll[s3 ,:it+1 pla/] ( ,p>is1 pumice /one1 li?>ge1 equal p>ts2 japan dry]1 boil$ l9se$ oil1 turp5t9e1 color+ matt] ( suffici5t quantity4 ,rub ! solids intimately ) a mixture ( #a "p ( ! japan1 #b p>ts ( ! l9se$ oil1 & #c p>ts ( turp5t9e1 color+ to suit ) ,v&yke br[n or si5na4 ,lay ! fill+ on ) a bru%1 let x set = ab\t #bj m9utes1 & !n rub (f clean except :]e x is to rema94 ,9 #b or #c days x w be h>d en\gh to poli%4 ,aft] ! surface has be5 ?us prep>$1 ! application ( a coat ( fir/-class copal v>ni% is 9 ord]4 ,x is recomm5d$ t ! v>ni% be appli$ 9 a mod]ately w>m room1 z x is injur$ by becom+ *ill$ 9 dry+4 ,to get ! be/ results 9 v>ni%+1 "s skill & exp]i5ce are requir$4 ,! v>ni% mu/ be kept 9 an ev5ly w>m temp]ature1 & put on nei!r too pl5tifully nor too g+]ly4 ,aft] a satisfactorily smoo? & regul> surface has be5 obta9$1 ! poli%+ prop] may be done4 ,?is may be accompli%$ by manual labor & dext]ity1 or consi/ 9 ! application ( a v ?91 ev5 coat ( a v f9e1 transp>5t v>ni%4 ,if ! h&-poli%+ me?od be pref]r$1 x may be pursu$ by rubb+ briskly & ?or\ghly ) ! foll[+ f9i%+ poli%3 ,i4--,alcohol #h ounces ,%ellac #b dra*ms ,gum b5zo9 #b dra*ms ,be/ poppy oil #b dra*ms ,dissolve ! %ellac & gum 9 ! alcohol 9 a w>m place1 ) frequ5t agitation1 &1 :5 cold1 add ! poppy oil4 ,?is may be appli$ on ! end ( a cyl9drical rubb] made by tightly roll+ a piece ( flannel :i* has be5 torn1 n cut1 into /rips #d to #f in*es wide4 ,a c]ta9 8oily sweat+0 ( articles ( poli%$ wood occurs :i* has be5 ascrib$ to ! oil us$ 9 poli%+1 b has be5 f\nd to be due to a waxy sub/ance pres5t 9 %ellac1 :i* is (t5 us$ 9 poli%+4 ,dur+ ! op]ation ( poli%+1 ?is wax ent]s into close comb9ation ) ! oil1 =m+ a s(t1 greasy mass1 :i* prev5ts ! v>ni% f ev] becom+ really h>d4 ,?is greasy matt] exudes 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,! rem$y is to use only %ellac f :i* ! vegetable wax has be5 completely remov$4 ,?is is accompli%$ by mak+ a /rong solution ( ! %ellac 9 alcohol & !n %ak+ x up ) fre% se$ lac or filt]+ x ?r\gh se$ lac4 ,9 ?is way ! readily soluble ros9s 9 ! se$ lac are dissolv$1 & ) !m traces ( color+ matt]4 ,at ! same "t ! vegetable wax1 :i* is only slightly soluble1 is deposit$4 ,! %ellac solution :i* has ex*ang$ its vegetable wax = ros9 is n yet suitable = f9e furniture poli%+4 ,x is n suffici5tly tak5 up by ! wood1 & an ess5tial oil mu/ be add$ to give x ! necess>y prop]ties1 "o ( ! be/ oils to employ = ?is purpose be+ t ( rosem>y4 ,! foll[+ recipe is giv53 ,,ii4--,tw5ty p\nds ( %ellac & #d p\nds ( b5zo9 are dissolv$ 9 ! smalle/ possible quantity ( alcohol1 toge!r ) #a p\nd ( rosem>y oil4 ,! solution !n obta9$ is filt]$ ?r\gh se$ lac s z to remove :atev] vegetable wax may be pres5t4 ,r$ ,furniture ,pa/e4-- ,s(t wat] #f p9ts ,turp5t9e #f p9ts #eic ,beeswax #c p\nds ,:ite wax #a #a_/b ounces ,:ite soap #ah ounces ,r$ lead #ab ounces ,cut up soap & dissolve 9 wat] by aid ( heat2 !n evaporate to #f p\nds4 ,melt ! waxes & add turp5t9e 9 :i* r$ lead has be5 /irr$1 p\r into ?is ! soap solution1 & /ir until x is ne>ly cold4 ,if a d>k] color is want$ add m r$ lead1 #d to #f ounces4 ,bee*wood ,furniture4--,! wood ( ! r$ bee* is kn[n to acquire1 by ! use ( ord9>y %ellac poli%1 a dirty yell[ color1 & by ! use ( :ite poli%1 prep>$ f blea*$ %ellac1 an unsightly gray-:ite color4 ,!re=e1 :]e light colors are desir$1 only filt]$ %ellac poli% %\ld be employ$1 & 9 ord] to imp>t "s fire to ! naturally dull color ( ! bee*wood ! admixture ( a solution ( dragon's blood 9 alcohol = a r$ %ade1 or turm]ic 9 alcohol = yell[ may be us$4 ,a comp\nd ( ! r$ & yell[ liquids gives a good orange %ade4 ,a few trials w soon %[ h[ mu* color+ matt] may be add$ to ! poli%4 ,poli%es = ,glass4--,i4--,mix calc9$ magnesia ) purifi$ b5z9e to a semi-liquid pa/e4 ,rub ! glass ) ?is mixture by means ( a cotton wad1 until x is bright4 ,,ii4--,cru% to p[d] cologne *alk1 #fj p>ts1 by weight2 tripoli1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 bole1 #ae p>ts1 by weight4 ,= use moi/5 ! glass a little1 dip a l95 rag into ! p[d] & rub ! glass until x is clean4 ,,iii4--,t9 a%es may be employ$ ) advantage4 ,! glass is rubb$ ) ?is sub/ance & !n wa%$ (f ) a piece ( s(t felt4 ,9 ?is mann] a v h&some poli% is obta9$4 ,poli%es = ,ivory1 ,bone1 etc4--,i4--,fir/ rub ) a piece ( l95 soak$ ) a pa/e made ( ,arm5ian bole & oleic acid4 ,wa% ) ,m>seilles soap1 dry1 rub ) a *amois sk91 & f9ally r5d] x bright ) an old piece ( silk4 ,if ! ivory is scrat*$1 x may be smoo!d by means ( ,engli% r$ /uff on a clo?1 or ev5 ) a piece ( glass if ! scrat*es are r deep4 ,9 ! holl[ p>ts ( ivory objects ! pa/e c be made to p5etrate by means ( an old too?bru%4 ,,ii4--,tortoise-%ell articles h a way ( gett+ dull & d+y look+4 ,to repoli% dip ! f+] 9 l9se$ oil & rub ov] ! :ole surface4 ,v little oil %\ld be us$1 & if ! article is a patt]n$ "o x may be necess>y to use a s(t bru% to get x into ! crevices4 ,!n rub ) ! palm ( ! h& until all oil has disappe>$1 & ! %ell feels hot & looks bright & %9y4 ,m>ble ,poli%+4--,poli%+ includes five op]ations4 ,smoo?+ ! r\ghness left on ! surface is done by rubb+ ! m>ble ) a piece ( moi/ s&/one2 = mold+s ei!r wood5 or iron mull]s are us$1 cru%$1 & wet s&/one1 or s&1 m or less f9e1 accord+ to ! degree ( poli% requir$1 be+ ?r[n "u !m4 ,! second process is cont9u$ rubb+ ) pieces ( pott]y )\t enamel1 :i* h only be5 bak$ once1 also wet4 ,if a brilliant poli% is requir$1 ,go?l& /one in/ead ( pott]y is us$1 & pott]'s clay or full]'s e>? is plac$ b5ea? ! mull]4 ,?is op]ation is p]=m$ ^u granites & porphyry ) em]y & a lead mull]1 ! upp] "p ( :i* is incru/$ ) ! mixture until r$uc$ by friction to clay or impalpable p[d]4 ,z ! poli% dep5ds almo/ entirely ^u ^! two op]ations1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t !y are p]=m$ ) a regul> & /eady movem5t4 ,:5 ! m>ble has receiv$ ! fir/ poli%1 ! flaws1 cavities1 & s(t spots are s\ght out & fill$ ) ma/ic ( a suitable color4 ,?is ma/ic is usually compos$ ( a mixture ( yell[ wax1 ros91 & ,burgundy pit*1 mix$ ) a little sulphur & pla/] pass$ ?r\gh a f9e sieve1 :i* gives x ! consi/5cy ( a ?ick pa/e2 to color ?is pa/e to a tone analog\s to ! gr\nd t9ts or natural cem5t ( ! mat]ial ^u :i* x is plac$1 lampblack & r\ge1 ) a little ( ! prevail+ color ( ! mat]ial1 are add$4 ,= gre5 & r$ m>bles1 ?is ma/ic is sometimes made ( gum lac1 mix$ ) ,spani% seal+ wax ( ! color ( ! m>ble4 ,x is appli$ ) p9c]s1 & ^! p>ts are poli%$ ) ! re/4 ,sometimes cru%$ fragm5ts ( m>ble are introduc$ into ! cem5t1 b = f9e m>bles ! same colors are employ$ :i* are us$ 9 pa9t+1 & :i* w produce ! same tone z ! gr\nd2 ! gum lac is add$ to give x body & brilliancy4 ,! ?ird op]ation 9 poli%+ consi/s 9 rubb+ x aga9 ) a h>d pumice /one1 "u :i* wat] is be+ con/antly p\r$1 unmix$ ) s&4 ,= ! f\r? process1 call$ #eid s(t5+ ! gr\nd1 lead fil+s are mix$ ) ! em]y mud produc$ by ! poli%+ ( mirrors or ! work+ ( preci\s /ones1 & ! m>ble is rubb$ by a compact l95 cu%ion well saturat$ ) ?is mixture2 r\ge is also us$ = ?is poli%4 ,= "s outside works1 & = he>?s & pav+ tiles1 m>ble work]s conf9e !mselves to ?is poli%4 ,:5 ! m>bles h holes or gra9s1 a lead mull] is sub/itut$ = ! l95 cu%ion4 ,9 ord] to give a p]fect brilliancy to ! poli%1 ! gloss is appli$4 ,wa% well ! prep>$ surfaces & leave !m until p]fectly dry1 !n take a l95 cu%ion1 moi/5$ only ) wat]1 & a little p[d] ( calc9$ t9 ( ! fir/ quality4 ,aft] rubb+ ) ?is = "s "t take ano!r cu%ion ( dry rags1 rub ) x lightly1 bru% away any =eign sub/ance :i* might scrat* ! m>ble1 & a p]fect poli% w be obta9$4 ,a little alum mix$ ) ! wat] us$ p5etrates ! pores ( ! m>ble1 & gives x a spe$i] poli%4 ,?is poli% spots v easily & is soon t>ni%$ & de/roy$ by dampness4 ,x is necess>y :5 pur*as+ articles ( poli%$ m>bles to subject !m to ! te/ ( wat]2 if !re is too mu* alum1 ! m>ble absorbs ! wat] & a :iti% spot is left4 ,,poli%+ ,,p[d]s4 ,poli%+ p[d]s are advantage\sly prep>$ accord+ to ! foll[+ recipes3 ,i4--,f\r p\nds magnesium c>bonate1 #d p\nds *alk1 & #d p\nds r\ge are intimately mix$4 ,,ii4--,f\r p\nds magnesium c>bonate are mix$ ) #a_/d p\nd f9e r\ge4 ,,iii4--,five p\nds f9e levigat$ :it+ & #b p\nds ,v5etian r$ are gr\nd toge!r4 ,,iv4--,kieselguhr #db p\nds ,putty p[d] #ad p\nds ,pipe clay #ad p\nds ,t>t>ic acid #a #a_/b p\nds ,p[d] ! acid1 mix well ) ! o!rs4 ,?is is /yl$ 8free f m]cury1 poison\s m9]al acids1 alkalies1 or grit40 ,x may be t9t$ ) #ab ounces ( oxide ( iron if desir$4 ,liquid ,poli%es4-- ,i4--,malt v9eg> #d gallons ,lemon juice #a gallon ,p>aff9e oil #a gallon ,kieselguhr #g p\nds ,p[d]$ ba? brick #c p\nds ,oil lemon #b ounces ,,ii4--,kieselguhr #ef p\nds ,p>aff9e oil #c gallons ,me?ylat$ _s #a #a_/b gallons ,camphorat$ _s #a_/b gallon ,turp5t9e oil #a_/b gallon ,liquid ammonia =t #c p9ts ,,iii4--,rott5 /one #af av4 ounces ,p>aff9e #h av4 ounces ,k]os5e 7coal oil7 #af fluid\nces ,oil ( mirbane en\gh to p]fume4 ,melt ! p>aff9e1 incorporate ! rott5 /one1 add ! k]os5e1 & ! oil ( mirbane :5 cold4 ,,iv4--,oxalic acid #a_/b av4 ounce ,rott5 /one #aj av4 ounces ,k]os5e 7coal oil7 #cj fluid\nces ,p>aff9e #b av4 ounces ,pulv]ize ! oxalic acid & mix x ) rott5 /one2 melt ! p>aff9e1 add to x ! k]os5e1 & incorporate ! p[d]2 :5 cool1 add oil ( mirbane or lav5d] to p]fume4 ,p\r ! ammonia into ! oil1 me?ylat$ spirits1 & turp5t9e1 add ! camphorat$ _s & mix ) ! kieselguhr4 ,to prev5t sett+1 keep well agitat$ dur+ fill+4 ,! color may be turn$ r$ by us+ a little sesquioxide ( iron & less kieselguhr4 ,apply ) a clo?1 & :5 dry use ano!r clean clo? or a bru%4 ,poli%+ ,soaps4-- ,i4--,p[d]$ pipe clay #aab p\nds ,tall[ soap #af p\nds ,t>t>ic acid #a #a_/d p\nds ,gr9d until pa/y1 aft]w>ds press into blocks by ! ma*9e4 ,,ii4--,levigat$ fl9t #fj p\nds ,:it+ #eb p\nds ,tall[ #bj p\nds ,cau/ic soda #e p\nds ,wat] #b gallons ,dissolve ! soda 9 wat] & add to ! tall[2 :5 saponifi$1 /ir 9 ! o!rs1 press+ z be=e4 ,,iii4--,saponifi$ cocoanut oil #ef p\nds ,kieselguhr #ab p\nds ,alum #e #a_/b p\nds ,flake :ite #e #a_/b p\nds ,t>t>ic acid #a #c_/d p\nds ,make z be=e4 ,,iv4--,tall[ soap #ih p\nds ,liquid glyc]9e soap #ad p\nds ,:it+ #ah p\nds ,levigat$ fl9t #ad p\nds ,p[d]$ pipe clay #ad p\nds #eie ,,metal ,,poli%es3 ,poli%+ ,pa/es4-- ,i4--,:ite petroleum jelly #ij p\nds ,kieselguhr #cj p\nds ,ref9$ p>aff9e wax #aj p\nds ,ref9$ *alk or :it+ #aj p\nds ,sodium hyposulphite #h p\nds ,melt wax & jelly1 /ir 9 o!rs & gr9d4 ,x is an undecid$ po9t z to :e!r a sc5t$ pa/e is bett] ?an "o )\t p]fume4 ,! latt] is add$ m]ely to hide ! na/y smell ( "s ( ! greases us$1 & x is n v nice to h spoons1 etc41 smell+1 ev5 ta/+1 ( mirbane1 s p]haps citronelle is be/ = ?is purpose4 ,x is likely to be m pure4 ,! dose ( sc5t is usually at ! rate ( #d ounces to ! hundr$weight4 ,,ii4--,dehydrat$ soda #e p>ts ,curd soap #bj p>ts ,em]y fl\r #ajj p>ts ,to be /irr$ toge!r on a wat] ba? ) wat]1 #ajj p>ts1 until s(t4 ,,iii4--,turp5t9e #a "p ,em]y fl\r #a "p ,p>is r$ #b p>ts ,vasel9e #b p>ts ,mix well & p]fume4 ,,iv4--,/e>9e #h to #i p>ts ,mutton suet #cb to #ch p>ts ,/e>9e oil #b to #b4e p>ts ,melt toge!r & mix ) ,vi5na *alk1 9 f9e p[d]1 #dh to #fj p>ts2 ,p>is r$1 #bj p>ts4 ,v4--,rott5 /one #a "p ,iron subc>bonate #c p>ts ,l>d oil1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,,vi4--,iron oxide #aj p>ts ,pumice /one #cb p>ts ,oleic acid1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,,vii4--,soap1 cut f9e #af p>ts ,precipitat$ *alk #b p>ts ,jewel]s' r\ge #a "p ,cream ( t>t> #a "p ,magnesium c>bonate #a "p ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! smalle/ quantity ( wat] ov] a wat] ba?4 ,add ! o!r +r$i5ts to ! solution :ile /ill hot1 /irr+ all ! "t to make sure ( complete homog5eity4 ,p\r ! mass into a box ) %all[ sides1 & aft]w>ds cut into cubes4 ,non-,explosive ,liquid ,metal ,poli%4--,al?\gh 9 a liquid =m1 x does n necess>ily foll[ t a liquid poli% is less economical ?an pa/es1 because ! effici5cy ( bo? is dep5d5t ^u ! am\nt ( /e>ic or oleic acid !y conta91 & a liquid su* z t giv5 bel[ is z ri* 9 ?is respect z mo/ ( ! pa/es1 especially ^? conta9+ mu* m9]al jelly & e>?y matt]s :i* are practically in]t1 & c only be consid]$ z fill+ mat]ial4 ,?us x is a fact t an ounce ( fluid poli% may possess m poli%+ pot5cy ?an an equal weight ( ! pa/e4 ,proportions are3 ,sixte5 p\nds crude oleic acid2 #d p\nds ta/eless m9]al oil2 #e p\nds kieselguhr2 #a #a_/b ounces lemon oil4 ,make ! e>?y matt] into a pa/e ) ! mix$ fluids & gradually ?9 out1 avoid+ lumps4 ,apply ) "o rag1 & f9i% ) ano!r4 ,miscellane\s ,metal ,poli%es4--,i4--,articles ( poli%$ copp]1 su* z clocks1 /ove ornam5ts1 etc41 become t>ni%$ v quickly4 ,to re/ore _! brilliancy dip a bru% 9 /rong v9eg> & bru% ! objects to be clean$4 ,next pass ?r\gh wat] & dry 9 sawdu/4 ,a soap wat]1 9 :i* "s c>bonate ( soda has be5 dissolv$1 w d ! same s]vice4 ,,ii4--,?is is recomm5d$ = ma*9]y by ! *emical laboratory ( ! indu/rial museum ( ,batavia3 ,oil ( turp5t9e #ae p>ts ,oil ( /e>9e #be p>ts ,jewel]s' r$ #be p>ts ,animal *>coal1 ( sup]ior quality #de p>ts ,alcohol is add$ to t mixture 9 su* a quantity z to r5d] x almo/ liquid1 !n by means ( a bru% x is put on ^? p>ts t are to be poli%$4 ,:5 ! alcohol has dri$1 ! rema9+ cov] is rubb$ ) a mixture ( #de p>ts ( animal *>coal & #be p>ts jewel]s' r$4 ,! rubb$ p>ts w become q clean & bright4 ,,iii4--,! ugly spots :i* frequ5tly %[ !mselves on nickel-plat$ objects may be easily remov$ ) a mixture ( #a "p sulphuric acid & #ej p>ts alcohol4 ,coat ! spots ) ?is solution1 wipe (f aft] a few seconds1 r9se (f ?or\ghly ) clean wat]1 & rub dry ) sawdu/4 ,,iv4--,crocus1 dri$ & p[d]$1 :5 appli$ ) *amois lea!r to nickel-plat$ goods1 w re/ore _! brilliancy )\t injur+ _! surface4 ,v4--,articles ( t9 %\ld be gr\nd #eif & poli%$ ) ,vi5na lime or ,spani% :ite4 ,! =m] may be spread on l95 rags1 ! latt] on wa% lea!r4 ,good results may be obta9$ by a mixture ( ab\t equal p>ts ( ,vi5na lime1 *alk1 & tripoli4 ,x %\ld be moi/5$ ) alcohol1 & appli$ ) a bru%4 ,subsequ5t rubb+ ) roe sk9 7*amois7 w produce a fir/-rate poli%4 ,t9 be+ a s(t metal1 ! above poli%+ sub/ances may be v f9e4 ,,vi4--,to poli% wat* cases1 take two glasses ) l>ge op5+s1 pref]ably two pres]v+ j>s ) gr\nd glass cov]s4 ,into "o ( ! glass vessels p\r #a "p ( _s ( sal ammoniac & #c p>ts wat]1 add+ a little ord9>y b>rel soap & /irr+ ev]y?+ well4 ,fill ! o!r glass "o half ) alcohol4 ,n[ lay ! case to be clean$1 ) spr+s & all1 into ! fir/-nam$ liquid & all[ to rema9 !re9 = ab\t #aj to #bj seconds4 ,aft] protract$ use ?is "t may be ext5d$ to sev]al m9utes4 ,n[ remove ! case1 quickly bru% x ) wat] & soap & lay = a mom5t into ! alcohol 9 ! second vessel4 ,aft] dry+ (f ) a clean clo? heat ov] a sold]+ flame = quick dry+ & ! case w n[ look almo/ z clean & neat z a new "o4 ,! only ?+ t may occur is t a poli%$ metal dome may become t>ni%$1 b ?is w only happ5 if ei!r ! mixture is too /rong or ! case rema9s 9 x too long1 bo? ( :i* c be easily avoid$ ) a little practice4 ,%ake be=e us+4 ,,vii4--,?is is a cleans] z well z poli%]3 ,prep>$ *alk #b p>ts ,wat] ( ammonia #b p>ts ,wat] suffici5t to make #h p>ts ,! ammonia saponifies ! grease usually pres5t4 ,x mu/ be po9t$ out t ! alkali pres5t makes ?is prep>ation some:at undesirable to h&le1 z x w affect ! sk9 if all[$ too free contact4 ,! d5sity ( ! liquid might be increas$ by ! addition ( soap2 ! solid w\ld1 ( c\rse1 !n rema9 long] 9 susp5sion4 ,,viii4--,s]viettes ,magiques4--,^! fabrics = poli%+ articles ( metal consi/ ( pure wool saturat$ ) soap & tripoli1 & dy$ ) a little corall9e4 ,!y are produc$ by dissolv+ #d p>ts ( ,m>seilles soap 9 #bj p>ts ( wat]1 add+ #b p>ts ( tripoli & saturat+ a piece ( clo? #c in*es long & #d in*es wide ) x1 all[+ to dry4 ,,ix4--,9 ord] to easily produce a mat poli% on small /eel articles use f9e p[d]$ oil /one1 gr\nd ) turp5t9e4 ,poli%es = ,pianos4-- ,i4--,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #cjj p>ts ,b5zol #gjj p>ts ,gum b5zo9 #h p>ts ,s&>ac #af p>ts ,mix & dissolve4 ,use z ,fr5* poli%4 ,,ii4--,beeswax #b1ejj p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #be p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #d1jjj p>ts ,wat]1 ra9 or di/ill$ #d1ejj p>ts ,dissolve ! potassium c>bonate 9 #a1ejj p>ts ( ! wat] & 9 ! solution boil ! wax1 %av$ up1 until ! latt] is p>tially saponifi$1 replac+ ! wat] z x is driv5 (f by evaporation4 ,:5 ?is occurs remove f ! fire & /ir until cold4 ,n[ add ! turp5t9e little by little1 & "u con/ant agitation1 /irr+ until a smoo?1 homog5e\s emulsion is =m$4 ,:5 ?is occurs add ! rema9d] ( ! wat] "u con/ant /irr+4 ,if a color is want$ use alkanet root1 lett+ x mac]ate 9 ! oil ( turp5t9e be=e us+ ! latt] 7ab\t an ounce to ! qu>t is suffici5t74 ,?is prep>ation is said to be "o ( ! be/ poli%es kn[n4 ,! directions are v simple3 ,fir/ wa% ! surface to be poli%$1 r9se1 & dry4 ,apply ! pa/e z ev5ly & ?9ly z possible ov] a portion ( ! surface1 !n rub (f well ) a s(t wool5 clo?4 ,poli%es = ,silv]w>e4--,! be/ poli% = silv]w>e--t is1 ! poli% t1 :ile x cleans1 does n too rapidly abrade ! surface--is levigat$ *alk1 ei!r alone or ) "s vegetable acid1 l t>t>ic1 or ) alum4 ,! usual metal poli%es1 su* z tripoli 7diatomace\s e>?71 f9ely gr\nd pumice /one1 etc41 cut away ! surface s rapidly t a few clean+s we> ?r\gh ord9>y plat+4 ,i4--,:ite lead #e p>ts ,*alk1 levigat$ #bj p>ts ,magnesium c>bonate #b p>ts ,alum9um oxide #e p>ts ,silica #c p>ts ,jewel]s' r\ge #b p>ts ,ea* ( ! +r$i5ts mu/ be r$uc$ to an impalpable p[d]1 mix$ c>efully1 & sift$ ?r\gh silk sev]al #eig times to secure a p]fect mixture1 & to avoid any possibility ( leav+ 9 ! p[d] any?+ t might scrat* ! silv] or gold surface4 ,?is may be left 9 ! p[d] =m1 or incorporat$ ) soap1 made into a pa/e ) glyc]9e1 or o!r simil> mat]ial4 ,! objection to mixtures ) vasel9e or greasy sub/ances is t aft] clean+ ! object mu/ be scrubb$ ) soap & wat]1 :ile ) glyc]9e simple r9s+ & runn+ wat] in/antly cleans ! object4 ,! foll[+ is also a good =mula3 ,,ii4--,*alk1 levigat$ #b p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #d p>ts ,/rong] ammonia wat] #d p>ts ,wat] #aj p>ts ,mix ! ammonia & oil ( turp5t9e by agitation1 & rub up ! *alk 9 ! mixture4 ,f9ally rub 9 ! wat] gradually or mix by agitation4 ,?ree p>ts ea* ( p[d]$ t>t>ic acid & *alk ) #a "p ( p[d]$ alum make a *eap & quick silv] clean+ p[d]4 ,,iii4--,mix #b p>ts ( bee*wood a%es ) #d_/ajj ( a "p ( ,v5etian soap & #b p>ts ( common salt 9 #h p>ts ( ra9 wat]4 ,bru% ! silv] ) ?is1 us+ a pretty /iff bru%4 ,a solution ( cry/alliz$ p]manganate ( pota% is (t5 recomm5d$1 or ev5 ! spirits ( h>t%orn1 = remov+ ! grayi% violet film :i* =ms ^u ! surface ( ! silv]4 ,f9ally1 :5 !re are well-det]m9$ blemi%es ^u ! surface ( ! silv]1 !y may be soak$ #d h\rs 9 soapmak]s' lye1 !n cov] !m ) f9ely p[d]$ gypsum :i* has be5 previ\sly moi/5$ ) v9eg>1 dry+ well be=e a fire2 n[ rub !m ) some?+ to remove ! p[d]4 ,f9ally1 !y are to be rubb$ aga9 ) v dry bran4 ,,poli%es ,,= ,,/eel ,,& ,,iron4 ,! poli%+ ( /eel mu/ always be prec$$ by a ?or\gh smoo?+1 ei!r ) oil/one du/1 f9e em]y1 or co>se r\ge4 ,if any l9es are left to be eras$ by means ( f9e r\ge1 ! op]ation becomes t$i\s & is r>ely successful4 ,! oil/one du/ is appli$ on an iron or copp] poli%]4 ,:5 x is desir$ to pres]ve ! angles %>p1 at a %\ld]1 = in/ance1 ! poli%] %\ld be ( /eel4 ,:5 us+ diamant9e an iron poli%]1 drawn out & flatt5$ ) a hamm]1 answ]s v well4 ,) f9e r\ge1 a bronze or bell-metal poli%] is pref]able = %\ld]s2 & = flat surfaces1 discs or l>ge z9c or t9 poli%]s1 al?\gh glass is pref]able to ei!r ( ^!4 ,aft] ea* op]ation ) oil/one du/1 co>se r\ge1 etc41 ! poli%]1 cork1 etc41 mu/ be *ang$1 & ! object %\ld be clean$ well1 pref]ably by soap+1 p]fect cleanl9ess be+ ess5tial to success4 ,f9e r\ge or diamant9e %\ld be made into a ?ick pa/e ) oil2 a little is !n tak5 on ! poli%] or glass & work$ until q dry4 ,z ! object is ?us n sme>$ ov]1 a black poli% is m readily obta9$1 & ! process gets on bett] if ! surface be clean$ f "t to "t4 ,= ,f9e ,/eel4--,take equal p>ts 7by weight7 ( f]r\s sulphate--gre5 vitriol--& sodium *loride--cook+ salt--mix bo? well toge!r by gr9d+ 9 a mort> & subject ! mixture to r$ heat 9 a mort> or a di%4 ,/rong fumes w develop1 & ! mass beg9 to fl[4 ,:5 no m fumes arise1 ! vessel is remov$ f ! fire & all[$ to cool4 ,a br[n sub/ance is obta9$ ) %imm]+ scales1 resembl+ mica4 ,! mass is n[ treat$ ) wat]1 p>tly 9 ord] to remove ! soluble salt1 p>tly 9 ord] to wa% out ! light] portions ( ! non-cry/alliz$ oxide1 :i* yield an excell5t poli%+ p[d]4 ,! fire mu/ be nei!r too /rong nor too long cont9u$1 o!rwise ! p[d] turns black & v h>d1 los+ its good qualities4 ,! m di/9ct ! violet-br[n color1 ! bett] is ! p[d]4 ,= poli%+ & clean+ f5d]s1 fireirons1 horses' bits1 & simil> articles3 ,fifty-six p\nds ,bridgewat] /one2 #bh p\nds fl\r em]y2 #bj p\nds rott5 /one2 #h p\nds :it+4 ,gr9d & mix well4 ,to make iron take a bright poli% l /eel1 pulv]ize & dissolve 9 #a qu>t ( hot wat]1 #a ounce ( blue vitriol2 #a ounce ( borax2 #a ounce ( prussiate ( pota%2 #a ounce ( *>coal2 #a_/b p9t ( salt1 all ( :i* is to be add$ to "o gallon ( l9se$ oil & ?or\ghly mix$4 ,to apply1 br+ ! iron or /eel to ! prop] heat & cool 9 ! solution4 ,/ove ,poli%4--,! foll[+ makes an excell5t graphite poli%3 ,i4--,c]es9e #ab p>ts ,japan wax #aj p>ts ,turp5t9e oil #ajj p>ts ,lampblack1 be/ #ab p>ts ,graphite1 levigat$ #aj p>ts ,melt ! c]es9e & wax toge!r1 remove f ! fire1 & :5 half #eih cool$ (f add & /ir 9 ! graphite & lampblack1 previ\sly mix$ ) ! turp5t9e4 ,,ii4--,c]es9e #bc p>ts ,c>nauba wax #e p>ts ,turp5t9e oil #bbj p>ts ,lampblack #cjj p>ts ,graphite1 f9e/ levigat$ #be p>ts ,mix z above4 ,,iii4--,make a mixture ( wat] glass & lampblack ( ab\t ! consi/5cy ( ?9 syrup1 & ano!r ( f9ely levigat$ plumbago & mucilage ( ,s\dan gum 7or o!r *eap sub/itute = gum arabic71 ( a simil> consi/5cy4 ,aft] gett+ rid ( du/1 etc41 g ov] ! /ove ) mixture ,no4 #a & let x dry on1 :i* x w d 9 ab\t #bd h\rs4 ,n[ g ov] ! /ove ) ! second mixture1 a portion ( ! surface at a "t1 & z ?is dries1 ) an old black+ bru% give x a poli%4 ,if c>efully done ! /ove w h a poli% resembl+ closely t ( new ,russian iron4 ,a v>iant ( ?is =mula is z foll[s3 ,mix ! graphite ) ! wat] glass to a smoo? pa/e2 add1 = ea* p\nd ( pa/e1 #a ounce ( glyc]9e & a few gra9s ( anil9e black4 ,apply to ! /ove ) a /iff bru%4 ,,poli%es ,,= ,,wood3 ,see also ,poli%es = ,furniture1 ,floors & ,pianos4 ,9 ! usual me?od ( ,fr5* poli%+1 ! pad mu/ be appli$ along curv$ l9es1 & ) v slight pressure1 if ! result is to be uni=m4 ,to d ?is requires mu* practice & ! "w is necess>ily sl[4 ,ano!r disadvantage is t ! oil is apt to sweat out aft]w>ds1 necessitat+ fur!r treatm5t4 ,accord+ to a ,g]man pat5t all difficulty c be avoid$ by plac+ betwe5 ! rubb] & its cov]+ a p[d] compos$ ( clay or loam1 or bett]1 ! p[d] obta9$ by gr9d+ fragm5ts ( t]ra cotta or ( yell[ bricks4 ,! p[d] is moi/5$ ) oil = use4 ,! rubb] w !n give a f9e poli%1 )\t any special delicacy ( manipulation & ) m]e backw>d & =w>d rubb+ 9 /raight l9es1 & ! oil w n sweat out subsequ5tly4 ,ano!r advantage is t no prim+ is want$1 z ! p[d] fills up ! pores4 ,! pres5ce ( ! p[d] also makes ! poli% adh]e m firmly to ! wood4 ,oak ,wood ,poli%4--,! wood is fir/ c>efully smoo!d1 !n pa9t$ ) ! foll[+ r ?ickly liquid mass1 us+ a bru%1 viz43 ,mix #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight1 ( f9ely wa%$ *alk 7:it+71 #a_/b "p ( dry]1 & #a "p ( boil$ l9se$ oil ) b5z9e & t9t 7umb] ) a little lampblack1 burnt si5na74 ,aft] ! appli$ mixture has become dry1 rub x d[n1 poli% ) glass p[d]1 & once m coat ) ! same mixture4 ,aft] ?is fill+ & aft] rubb+ (f ) /ickwood *ips or f9e sea grass1 "o or two coats ( %ellac are put on 7:ite %ellac ) wood alcohol = oak1 br[n %ellac = *]ry & walnut74 ,?is coat+ is cut d[n ) s&pap] & giv5 a coat ( v>ni%1 ei!r poli%+ v>ni%1 :i* is poli%$ (f ) ! ball ( ! h& or a s(t bru%1 or ) int]ior v>ni%1 :i* is rubb$ d[n ) oil & pumice /one4 ,?is poli% is glass h>d1 transp>5t1 ( f9] lu/]1 & resi/ive4 ,h>d ,wood ,poli%4--,9 f9i%+ h>d wood ) a wax poli% ! wood is fir/ coat$ ) a 8fill]10 :i* is omitt$ 9 ! case ( s(t wood4 ,! fill] is made f "s h>d sub/ance1 v f9ely gr\nd2 s& is us$ by "s manufactures4 ,! poli% is ! same z = s(t wood4 ,! simple/ me?od ( apply+ wax is by a heat$ iron1 scrap+ (f ! surplus1 & !n rubb+ ) a clo?4 ,x is evid5t t ?is me?od is especially labori\s2 & = t reason solution ( ! wax is desirable4 ,x may be dissolv$ r freely 9 turp5t9e _s1 & is said to be soluble also 9 k]os5e oil4 ,! foll[+ recipes give v>ni%-l poli%es3 ,i4--,dissolve #ae p>ts ( %ellac & #ae p>ts ( s&>ac 9 #ahj p>ts ( _s ( w9e4 ,( ?is liquid put "s on a ball ( clo? wa/e & cov] ) :ite l95 moi/5$ ) raw l9se$ oil4 ,! wood to be poli%$ is rubb$ ) ?is by ! well-kn[n circul> motion4 ,:5 ! wood has absorb$ suffici5t poli%1 a little _s ( w9e is add$ to ! poli%1 & ! rubb+ is cont9u$4 ,! poli%$ articles are said to su/a9 no damage by wat]1 nor %[ spots or cracks4 ,,ii4--,orange %ellac1 #c p>ts2 s&>ac1 #a "p2 dissolv$ 9 #cj p>ts ( alcohol4 ,= mahogany add a little dragon's blood4 ,,iii4--,fifte5 p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e1 dy$ ) an*us9e1 or undy$1 & #d p>ts ( scrap$ yell[ wax are /irr$ into a uni=m mass by heat+ on ! wat] ba?4 #eii ,,iv4--,melt #a "p ( :ite wax on ! wat] ba?1 & add #h p>ts ( petroleum4 ,! mixture is appli$ hot4 ,! petroleum evaporates & leaves beh9d a ?9 lay] ( wax1 :i* is subsequ5tly rubb$ out lightly ) a dry clo? rag4 ,v4--,/e>9e #ajj p>ts ,yell[ wax #be p>ts ,cau/ic pota% #fj p>ts ,yell[ laundry soap #aj p>ts ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,heat toge!r until a homog5e\s mixture is =m$4 ,,vi4--,yell[ wax #be p>ts ,yell[ laundry soap #f p>ts ,glue #ab p>ts ,soda a% #be p>ts ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! soda 9 #djj p>ts ( wat]1 add ! wax1 & boil d[n to #bej p>ts1 !n add ! soap4 ,dissolve ! glue 9 #ajj p>ts ( hot wat]1 & mix ! :ole ) ! saponifi$ wax4 ,,vii4--,?is is wat]pro(4 ,put into a /opp]$ bottle #a p9t alcohol2 #b ounces gum b5zo92 #a_/d ounce gum s&>ac1 & #a_/d ounce gum anime4 ,put ! bottle 9 a s& ba? or 9 hot wat] till ! solids are dissolv$1 !n /ra9 ! solution1 & add #a_/d gill be/ cle> poppy oil4 ,%ake well & ! poli% is ready = use4 ,,viii4--,a :ite poli% = wood is made z foll[s3 ,:ite lac #a #a_/b p\nds ,p[d]$ borax #a ounce ,alcohol #c p9ts ,! lac %\ld be ?or\ghly dri$1 especially if x has be5 kept "u wat]1 &1 9 any case1 aft] be+ cru%$1 x %\ld be left 9 a w>m place = a few h\rs1 9 ord] to remove e trace ( moi/ure4 ,! cru%$ lac & borax are !n add$ to ! _s1 & ! mixture is /irr$ frequ5tly until solution is effect$1 aft] :i* ! poli% %\ld be /ra9$ ?r\gh musl94 ,,ix4--,to re/ore ! gloss ( poli%$ wood :i* has sweat$1 prep>e a mixture ( #ajj p>ts ( l9se$ oil1 #gej p>ts ( e!r1 #a1jjj p>ts ( rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e1 & #a1jjj p>ts ( petroleum b5z9e1 p]fum$1 if desir$1 ) a /rongly odor\s ess5tial oil1 & color$1 if requir$1 ) cuicuma1 orlean1 or alkanna4 ,! objects to be treat$ are rubb$ ?or\ghly ) ?is mixture1 us+ a wool5 rag4 ,,miscellane\s ,,poli%+ ,,ag5ts3 ,poli%+ ,ag5t :i* may also be us$ = ,gild+ & ,silv]+4--,! foll[+ m$iums hi!rto kn[n z possess+ ! a=5am$ prop]ties1 lose ^! qualities ^u hav+ be5 kept = "s "t1 z ! metal salt is p>tly r$uc$4 ,fur!rmore1 x has n be5 possible to admix r$uc+ sub/ances su* z z9c to ^! =m] poli%+ ag5ts1 s9ce moi/ure causes ! metal to precipitate4 ,! pres5t inv5tion obviates ^! evils4 ,! silv] or gold salt is mix$ ) *alk1 = in/ance1 9 a dry =m4 ,to ?is mixture1 f9e dry p[d]s ( "o or m salts 7e4 g41 ammonia comp\nds7 9 ^: solutions ! metal salt c ent] are add$2 if requir$1 a r$uc+ body1 su* z z9c1 may be add$ at ! same "t4 ,! composition is press$ firmly toge!r & =ms briquettes1 9 :i* condition ! mass keeps well4 ,= use1 all t is necess>y is to scrape (f a little ( ! sub/ance & to prep>e x ) wat]4 ,silv] ,poli%+ ,balls4--,?is poli%+ ag5t is a p[d] made into balls by means ( a b9d+ m$ium & enjoys mu* popul>ity 9 ,g]many4 ,x is prep>$ by add+ #e p>ts ( levigat$ *alk to #b p>ts ( yell[ tripoli1 mix+ ! two p[d]s well & mak+ into a /iff pa/e ) v weak gum wat]--#a "p gum arabic to #ab p>ts ( wat]4 ,?is d\gh is f9ally %ap$ by h& into balls ( ! size ( a pigeon's egg4 ,! balls are put aside to dry on bo>ds 9 a mod]ately w>m room1 & :5 completely h>d are wrapp$ 9 t9-foil pap]4 ,to ,prep>e ,poli%+ ,clo?s4--,! /uff mu/ be pure wool51 color$ ) anil9e r$1 & !n put 9 ! foll[+3 ,ca/ile soap1 :ite #d p>ts ,jewel]s' r$ #b p>ts ,wat] #bj p>ts ,mix4 ,"o ounce ( ?is mixture w answ] = a clo? #ab in*es squ>e1 :]e sev]al ( !m are saturat$ at ! same "t4 ,= ! work%op1 a bit ( *amois sk9 ( ! same size 7a foot squ>e71 is pref]able to wool1 on acc\nt ( its durability4 ,aft] impregnation ) ! soap solution1 x %\ld be dri$ 9 ! air1 be+ manipulat$ :ile dry+ to pres]ve its s(tness & suppl5ess4 ,to ,poli% ,delicate ,objects4--,rub ! objects ) a sponge *>g$ ) a mixture ( #bh p>ts ( alcohol1 #ad p>ts ( wat]1 & #d p>ts ( lav5d] oil4 #fjj ,poli% = ,gilt ,frames4--,mix & beat ! :ites ( #c eggs ) "o-?ird1 by weight1 ( javelle wat]1 & apply to ! gilt "w4 ,/eel ,du/ z a ,poli%+ ,ag5t4--,/eel du/ is well adapt$ = poli%+ preci\s /ones & c replace em]y ) advantage4 ,x is obta9$ by spray+ wat] on a b> ( /eel br\ght to a high temp]ature4 ,! metal becomes friable & c be readily r$uc$ to p[d] 9 a mort>4 ,?is p[d] is di/+ui%$ f em]y by its mordant+ prop]ties & its l[] price4 ,besides1 x produces a f9]1 & consequ5tly1 a m durable poli%4 ,poli%+ ,bricks4--,/ir into a ?ick pulp ) wat] #aj p>ts ( f9ely p[d]$ & wa%$ *alk1 #a "p ( ,engli% r$1 & #b p>ts ( p[d]$ gypsum2 give x a squ>e %ape & dry4 ,poli%+ ,cream4-- ,d5aturiz$ alcohol #djj p>ts ,_s ( sal ammoniac #ge p>ts ,wat] #aej p>ts ,petroleum e!r #hj p>ts ,infusorial e>? #ajj p>ts ,r$ bole or :ite bole #ej p>ts ,calcium c>bonate #ajj p>ts ,add z mu* ( ! p[d]s z desir$4 ,mirbane oil may be us$ = sc5t+4 ,poli%+ ,pa/e4-- ,infusorial e>? 7,kieselguhr7 #h ounces ,p>aff9e #b ounces ,lubricat+ oil #f fluid\nces ,oleic acid #a fluid\nce ,oil mirbane #cj m9ims ,melt ! p>aff9e ) ! lubricat+ oil1 & mix ) ! infusorial e>?1 !n add ! oleic acid & oil ( mirbane4 ,to ,poli% ,pa9t+s on ,wood4--,accord+ to ! /atem5ts ( able cab9et mak]s :o frequ5tly _h occasion to cov] decorations on wood1 especially aqu>elle pa9t+1 ) a poli%1 a good coat+ ( f9e :ite v>ni% is ! fir/ necessity1 damm> v>ni% be+ employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,?is coat is prim>ily necess>y z a protective lay] s z to pres]ve ! pa9t$ "w f de/ructive attacks dur+ ! rubb+ = ! production ( a smoo? surface & ! subsequ5t poli%+4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! pure/ :ite poli%+ v>ni% mu/ be us$ = ! poli% s z to prev5t a p]ceptible subsequ5t d>k5+ ( ! :ite pa9t+ colors4 ,naturally ! success "h is also dep5d5t ^u ! skill ( ! poli%]4 ,to poli% pa9t+ execut$ on wood x is necess>y to *oose a :ite1 d5se1 f9e gra9$ wood1 :i* mu/ pres5t a well-smoo!d surface be=e ! pa9t+4 ,aft] ! pa9t+ ! surface is fa9tly coat$ ) a f9e1 quickly dry+1 limpid v>ni%4 ,:5 ! coat+ has dri$ well1 x is c>efully rubb$ d[n ) f9ely pulv]iz$ pumice /one1 ) tall[ or :ite l>d1 & n[ ?is surface is poli%$ 9 ! usual mann] ) a good solution prep>$ f ! be/ :ite %ellac4 ,poli%+ ,m$iums4--,= iron & /eel1 /annic oxide or ,vi5na lime or iron oxide & sometimes /eel p[d] is employ$4 ,9 us+ ! burni%]1 fir/ oil is tak51 !n soap wat]1 & next ,vi5na lime4 ,= copp]1 brass1 ,g]man silv]1 & tombac1 /e>9e oil & ,vi5na lime are us$4 ,articles ( brass c be poli%$1 aft] ! pickl+1 9 ! la! ) employm5t ( a poli% consi/+ ( %ellac1 dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 #a1jjj p>ts2 p[d]$ turm]ic1 #a1jjj p>ts2 t>t>1 #b1jjj p>ts2 ox gall1 #ej p>ts2 wat]1 #c1jjj p>ts4 ,gold is poli%$ ) f]ric oxide 7r$ /uff71 :i*1 moi/5$ ) alcohol1 is appli$ to lea!r4 ,= poli%+ silv]1 ! burni%] or blood/one is employ$1 us+ soap wat]1 ?9 be]1 or a decoction ( soap wort4 ,silv]-plat$ articles are also poli%$ ) ,vi5na lime4 ,to produce a dull lu/] on gold & silv] w>e1 glass bru%es1 i4 e41 scrat* bru%es ( f9ely spun glass ?reads1 are made use (4 ,pewt] articles are poli%$ ) ,vi5na lime or :it+2 ! =m] on a l95 rag1 ! latt] on lea!r4 ,if emboss$ articles are to be poli%$1 use ! burni%]1 & = poli%1 soap wat]1 soap-wort decoction1 ox gall ) wat]4 ,antimony-lead alloys are poli%$ ) burnt magnesia on s(t lea!r or ) f9e jewel]s' r$4 ,z9c is bright5$ ) ,vi5na lime or p[d]$ *>coal4 ,vi5na lime gives a light-color$ poli% on brass1 :ile f]ric oxide imp>ts a d>k lu/]4 ,r\ge or ,p>is ,r$4--,?is appe>s 9 comm]ce 9 _m %ades1 v>y+ f brick r$ to *ocolate br[n4 ,! color1 h[ev]1 is 9 no wise indicative ( its purity or good quality1 b x c be accept$ z a crit]ion by :i* to #fja det]m9e ! h>dness ( ! p[d]4 ,! d>k] ! p[d]1 ! great] is its degree ( h>dness2 ! r$ or r$di% is always v s(t1 :]e=e ! =m] is us$ = poli%+ /eel & ! latt] = s(t] metals4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ,p>is r$ consi/s ( f]ric oxide or f]r\s oxide4 ,9 its production advantage is tak5 ( a peculi>ity common to mo/ salts ( iron1 t :5 heat$ to a r$ heat !y sep>ate ! iron oxide f ! acid comb9ation4 ,9 its manufacture x is usual to take comm]cial gre5 vitriol1 copp]as cry/als1 & subject !m to a mod]ate heat to drive (f ! wat] ( cry/allization4 ,:5 ?is is ne>ly accompli%$ !y w settle d[n 9 a :ite p[d]1 :i* is n[ plac$ 9 a crucible & rais$ to a gl[+ r$ heat till no m vapor arises1 :5 ! residue w be f\nd a s(t smoo? r$ p[d]4 ,z ! temp]ature is rais$ 9 ! crucible1 ! d>k] w become ! color ( ! p[d] & ! h>d] ! abrasive4 ,%\ld an especially pure r\ge be desir$1 x may be made s by boil+ ! p[d] we h j made 9 a weak solution ( soda & aft]w>ds wa%+ x out repeat$ly & ?or\ghly ) clean wat]4 ,if treat$ 9 ?is way1 all ! impurities t may *ance to /ick to ! iron oxide w be sep>at$ f x4 ,%\ld a r\ge be ne$$ to put a specially brilliant poli% ^u any object its manufacture ought to be conduct$ accord+ to ! foll[+ =mula3 ,dissolve comm]cial gre5 vitriol 9 wat]2 dissolve also a l weight ( sorrel salt 9 wat]2 filt] bo? solutions2 mix !m well1 & w>m to #adj ,f42 a yell[ precipitate1 :i* on acc\nt ( its weight1 w settle imm$iately2 decant ! fluid1 dry out ! residue1 & aft]w>ds heat x z be=e 9 an iron di% 9 a mod]ately hot furnace till x gl[s r$4 ,by ?is process an exceptionally smoo?1 deep-r$ p[d] is obta9$1 :i*1 if prop] c>e has be5 ex]cis$ 9 ! v>i\s /eps1 w ne$ no elutriation1 b c be us$ = poli%+ at once4 ,) p[d]s prep>$ 9 ?is wise our optical glasses & l5ses ( f9e/ quality are poli%$4 ,,poli%es ,,= ,,! ,,laundry3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,pomade1 ,,putz3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,pomades3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,pomegranate ,,ess5ce3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,porcela93 ,see also ,c]amics4 ,m5d+ ,porcela9 by ,rivet+ 7see ,adhesives = me?ods ( m5d+ ,porcela9 by means ( cem5ts74--,porcela9 & glass c be readily pi]c$ ) /eel tools4 ,be/ suit$ are h>d5$ drills ( ord9>y %ape1 moi/5$ ) oil ( turp5t9e1 if ! glaz$ or vitre\s body is to be pi]c$4 ,9 ! case ( majolica & glass )\t enamel ! purpose is be/ rea*$ if ! drill+ is done "u wat]4 ,?us1 ! vessel %\ld previ\sly be fill$ ) wat]1 & plac$ 9 a receptacle conta9+ wat]1 s t ! drill is us$ "u wat]1 &1 aft] pi]c+ ! clay body1 rea*es ! wat] aga94 ,9 ! case ( objects glaz$ on ! inside1 in/ead ( fill+ !m ) wat]1 ! spot :]e ! drill mu/ come ?r\gh may be und]laid ) cork4 ,! pressure ) :i* ! drill is work$ is det]m9$ by ! h>dness ( ! mat]ial1 b :5 ! tool is ab\t to rea* ! o!r side x %\ld gradually decrease & f9ally cease almo/ altoge!r1 s z to avoid *ipp+4 ,9 ord] to enl>ge small bore holes already exi/+1 ?ree-corn]$ or f\r-squ>e broa*es1 gr\nd & poli%$1 are be/ adapt$4 ,^! are likewise employ$ "u wat] or1 if ! mat]ial is too h>d 7glass or enamel71 moi/5$ ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,! simultane\s use ( oil ( turp5t9e & wat] is mo/ advisable 9 all cases1 ev5 :]e ! nature ( ! article to be pi]c$ does n admit ! use ( oil alone1 z 9 ! case ( majolica & non-glaz$ porcela91 :i* absorb ! oil1 )\t ! use ( wat]4 ,porcela9 ,decoration4--,a brilliant yell[ color1 kn[n z 8gold lu/]10 may be produc$ on porcela9 by ! use ( pa9t prep>$ z foll[s3 ,melt ov] a s& ba? #cj p>ts ( ros91 add #aj p>ts ( uranic nitrate1 &1 :ile con/antly /irr+1 incorporate ) ! liquid #ce to #dj p>ts ( oil ( lav5d]4 ,aft] ! mixture has become entirely homog5e\s1 remove ! s\rce ( heat1 & add #cj to #dj p>ts m ( oil ( lav5d]4 ,intimately mix ! mass ?us obta9$ ) a l quantity ( bismu? glass prep>$ by fus+ toge!r equal p>ts ( oxide ( bismu? & cry/alliz$ boric acid4 ,! pa9t is to be burn$ 9 9 ! usual mann]4 ,,porcela91 ,,h[ ,,to ,,tell ,,pott]y ,,& ,,porcela93 ,see ,c]amics4 #fjb ,,portl& ,,cem5t3 ,see ,cem5t4 ,,portl& ,,cem5t1 ,,size ,,ov]3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,po/al ,,c>ds1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,s5sitiz$3 ,see ,photography1 "u ,pap]-,s5sitiz+ ,processes4 ,,potassium ,,silicate ,,z ,a ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,wat]-,glass ,cem5ts4 ,,potato ,,/>*3 ,see ,/>*4 ,,pott]y3 ,see ,c]amics4 ,,p\ltry ,,applications3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,p\ltry ,,foods ,,& ,,p\ltry ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,p\ltry ,,w9e3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,p\nce3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,ink ,eradicators4 ,,p[d] ,,= ,,color$ ,,fires3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,p[d]1 ,,face3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,p[d]1 ,,r\p3 ,see ,r\p ,p[d]4 ,,p[d]s ,,= ,,/amp+3 ,see ,/amp+4 ,,p[d]s ,,= ,,! ,,toilet3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,pres]vatives 7,see also ,foods47 ,pres]vative ,fluid = ,museums4-- ,=maldehyde solution #f p>ts ,glyc]9e #ab p>ts ,alcohol #c p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,! addition ( glyc]9e becomes necess>y only if x is desir$ to keep ! pieces 9 a s(t /ate4 ,filt]+ ?r\gh animal *>coal r5d]s ! liquid p]fectly colorless4 ,= d5se objects1 su* z lungs & liv]1 x is be/ to make incisions s z to facilitate ! p5etration ( ! fluid4 ,9 ! case ( v ?ick pieces1 x is be/ to take #hj to #ajj p>ts ( =maldehyde solution = above quantities4 ,pres]vative = ,/one1 etc4--,a new composition1 or pa9t1 = protect+ /one1 wood1 cem5t1 etc41 f ! effects ( damp or o!r delet]i\s influ5ces consi/s ( quicklime1 *alk1 m9]al colors1 turp5t9e1 boil$ oil1 galipot1 ros91 & b5z9e4 ,! lime1 *alk1 colors1 & turp5t9e are fir/ fix$ & !n made into a pa/e ) ! boil$ oil4 ,! pa/e is f9ely gr\nd & mix$ ) ! ros9s previ\sly dissolv$ 9 ! b5z9e4 ,pres]vative = ,/uff$ ,animals4--,= ! ext]ior pres]vation use ,ars5ic #j4g p>ts ,alum #ae4j p>ts ,wat] #ajj4j p>ts ,= spr9kl+ ! inside sk9 z well z fill+ bones1 ! foll[+ is employ$3 ,camphor #b p>ts ,insect p[d] #b p>ts ,black pepp] #a "p ,fl[]s ( sulphur #d p>ts ,alum #c p>ts ,calc9$ soda #c p>ts ,tobacco p[d] #c p>ts ,pres]vatives = ,zoological & ,anatomical ,specim5s4--,! prep>ations are fir/ plac$ 9 a solution or mixture ( ,sodium fluoride #e p>ts ,=maldehyde 7#dj p] c5t7 #b p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,aft] leav+ ?is fix+ liquid !y are put 9 ! foll[+ pres]vative solution3 ,glyc]9e 7#bh ,b47 #e p>ts ,wat] #aj p>ts ,magnesium *loride #a "p ,sodium fluoride #j4b p>ts ,9 ?is liquid zoological prep>ations1 especially reptiles1 reta9 _! natural color+4 ,mo/ anatomical prep>ations likewise rema9 un*ang$ !re94 ,,pres]vatives ,,= ,,wood3 ,see ,wood4 ,pres]v+ ,cann+4--,!re %\ld be no tr\ble 9 hav+ cann$ fruit keep well if p]fect or 8*emical cleanl9ess0 is obs]v$ 9 reg>d to j>s1 lids1 etc41 & if ! fruit or vegetables are 9 good ord]1 n ov]ripe or beg9n+ to f]m5t :]e bruis$ or cru%$4 ,fruit w #fjc nev] come out ( j>s bett] ?an x goes 94 ,x is bett] to put up a little fruit at a "t :5 x is j ripe ?an to wait = a l>ge am\nt to rip51 :5 ! fir/ may be ov]ripe & f]m5t+ & likely to spoil ! :ole lot4 ,use only ! f9e/ flavor$ fruit4 ,h ev]y?+ ready be=e beg9n+ cann+4 ,put wat] 9 ea* j>1 fit on rubb]s & tops1 & inv]t ! j> on ! table4 ,if any wat] oozes out try ano!r top & rubb] until sure ! j> is air-tight4 ,wa% j>s & tops1 put !m 9 cold wat] & br+ to a boil4 ,:5 ! fruit is cook$ ready take a j> f ! boil+ wat]1 set x on a damp clo? laid 9 a s\p plate1 dip a rubb] 9 boil+ wat]1 & fit x on firmly4 ,fill ! j> to ov]fl[+1 wipe ! brim1 screw on ! top1 & turn x upside d[n on a table4 ,if any syrup oozes out empty ! j> back into ! kettle & fit on a tight] rubb]4 ,let x /& upside d[n till cold1 wipe clean1 wrap 9 ?ick pap]1 & keep 9 a cool1 dry place4 ,^! g5]al directions are = all fruits & vegetables t are cook$ be=e putt+ 9 ! j>s4 ,fruit keeps its %ape bett] if cook$ 9 ! j>s1 :i* %\ld be prep>$ z above1 ! fruit c>efully look$ ov] & fill$ into ! j>s4 ,if a juicy fruit1 l blackb]ries or raspb]ries1 put ! sug> 9 ) x 9 alt]nate lay]s4 ,= *]ries ! am\nt ( sug> dep5ds on ! acidity ( ! fruit & is be/ made into a syrup ) a little wat] & p\r$ d[n ?r\gh !m4 ,pea*es & pe>s aft] p>+1 are pack$ into ! j>s & a syrup ( ab\t a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( sug> to a p\nd ( fruit p\r$ ov] !m4 ,mo/ fruits ne$ to be cook$ f #aj to #ae m9utes aft] ! wat] ar\nd !m beg9s to boil4 ,r$ raspb]ries ought n to be boil$4 ,put !m into j>s z g5tly z possible2 !y are ! t5d]e/ ( all fruits & w be> ! slighte/ h&l+4 ,drop !m 9 loosely1 fold a sauc] into a clean clo?1 & lay ov] ! top1 set on a p]=at$ bo>d 9 a boil]1 p\r wat] to two-?irds1 cov] & set ov] a sl[ fire4 ,z ! fruit settles add m until full4 ,:5 x is cook$ s(t lift ! j> out & fill to ! top ) boil+ syrup ( equal p>ts ( sug> & wat]1 & seal4 ,d n c all ! fruit1 = jams & jellies are a welcome *ange & also easi] to keep4 ,raspb]ries & currants mix$ make delici\s jam4 ,use ! juice ( a ?ird z _m currants & #c_/d ( a p\nd ( sug> to a p\nd ( fruit4 ,! flavor ( all k9ds ( fruit is injur$ by cook+ x long ) ! sug>1 s heat ! latt] 9 ! ov5 & add :5 ! fruit is ne>ly done4 ,jelly is be/ made on a cle> day1 = small fruits absorb moi/ure1 & if pick$ aft] a ra9 require long] boil+1 & e m9ute ( unnecess>y boil+ gives jelly a less delicate color & flavor4 ,:5 jelly is syrupy1 x has be5 boil$ too long2 if x drops f ! spoon ) a spr+1 or wr9kles z y pu% x ) ! spoon 9 a sauc] :ile cool+1 x is done en\gh4 ,try x aft] #e m9utes' boil4 ,cook ! fruit only until ! sk9 is brok5 & pulp s(t5$4 ,/ra9 )\t squeez+ = jelly1 & use ! la/ juice y squeeze out = jam4 ,measure ! juice & boil uncov]$1 skimm+ (f4 ,= sweet fruits #c_/d ( a p\nd ( sug> is en\gh to a p9t ( juice4 ,heat ! sug> 9 ! ov51 add to ! boil+ juice2 /ir till dissolv$4 ,:5 x boils up1 draw to ! back ( ! /ove4 ,scald ! jelly glasses1 fill & let /& 9 a clean1 cool place till next day2 !n cov]4 ,blackb]ries make jelly ( a delici\s flavor & jelly easily :5 a little und]ripe4 ,currants %\ld be b>ely ripe2 ! ends ( ! bun*es may be r gre54 ,a highly priz$ way ( cann+ *]ries3 ,/one & let !m /& ov]night4 ,9 ! morn+ p\r (f ! juice1 add sug> to ta/e1 & "s wat] if !re is n mu* juice1 & boil & skim till x is a ri* syrup4 ,if ! *]ries are sweet a p9t ( juice & #c_/d ( a p9t ( sug> w be "r4 ,heat ! j>s1 put 9 ! uncook$ *]ries till !y are ne>ly full2 !n p\r ov] !m ! boil+ syrup & fa/5 on ! cov]s4 ,set ! j>s 9 a wa%boil]1 fill x ) v hot wat] & let x /& all night4 ,! heat ( ! syrup & ( ! wat] w cook ! fruit1 b ! flavor & color w be t ( fre% & uncook$ *]ries4 ,cann+ )\t ,sug>4--,i4--,9 ord] to pres]ve ! juices ( fruit m]ely by /]ilization1 put ! juice into ! bottles 9 :i* x is to be kept1 fill+ !m v ne>ly full2 place ! bottles1 un/opp]$1 9 a kettle fill$ ) cold wat]1 s arrang+ !m on a wood5 p]=at$ 8false bottom10 or o!r l contrivance1 z to prev5t _! imm$iate contact ) ! metal1 ?us prev5t+ unequal heat+ & possible fracture4 ,n[ heat ! wat]1 gradually rais+ ! temp]ature to ! boil+ po9t1 & ma9ta9 at t until ! juice atta9s a boil+ temp]ature2 !n close ! bottles ) p]fectly fitt+ corks1 :i* #fjd h be5 kept imm]s$ 9 boil+ wat] = a %ort "t be=e use4 ,! corks %\ld n be fa/5$ 9 any way1 = if ! /]ilization is n complete1 f]m5tation & consequ5t explosion ( ! bottle might occur1 unless ! cork %\ld be =c$ out4 ,! addition ( sug> is n necess>y to secure ! success ( ! op]ation2 9 fact a small proportion w\ld h no antiseptic effect4 ,if ! juice is to be us$ = syrup z = use at ! soda f\nta91 ! be/ me?od is to make a conc5trat$ syrup at once1 us+ ab\t #b p\nds ( ref9$ sug> to #a p9t ( juice1 dissolv+ by a g5tle heat4 ,! syrup may be made by simple agitation )\t heat & a f9] flavor ?us results1 b its keep+ quality w\ld be unc]ta94 ,,ii4--,fruit juices may be pres]v$ by g5tle heat+ & aft] protection f ! air 9 /]iliz$ conta9]s4 ,! heat requir$ is mu* bel[ ! boil+ po9t4 ,pr(essor ,mll] f9ds t a temp]ature ( f #adj to #aeh ,f41 ma9ta9$ = #ae m9utes1 is suffici5t to r5d] ! f]m5t+ ag5ts pres5t inactive4 ,! bottles mu/ also be heat$ to de/roy any adh]5t g]ms4 ,! juices may be plac$ 9 !m z express$ & ! conta9] !n plac$ 9 a wat] ba?4 ,z soon z ! heat+ is f9i%$ ! bottles mu/ be securely clos$4 ,! heat+ process w1 9 consequ5ce ( coagulat+ c]ta9 sub/ances1 produce turbidity1 & if cle> liquid is requir$1 filtration is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y4 ,9 ?is case x is bett] to heat ! juice 9 bulk 9 a kettle1 filt] ?r\gh felt1 fill ! bottles1 & !n heat aga9 9 ! conta9]s z 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,x is said t grape juice prep>$ 9 ?is mann] has be5 f\nd unalt]$ aft] keep+ = _m ye>s4 ,v>i\s antiseptics h be5 propos$ z pres]vatives = fruit juices & o!r articles ( food1 b all su* ag5ts are objectionable bo? on acc\nt ( _! direct action on ! sy/em & _! effect 9 r5d]+ food less dige/ible4 ,:ile small quantities ( su* drugs occasionally tak5 may ex]t no appreciable effect1 cont9u\s use is liable to be m or less h>mful4 ,,cru%$ ,,fruit ,,pres]v+3 ,cru%$ ,p9eapples4--,secure a good br& ( cann$ grat$ p9eapple & dra9 (f ab\t "o-half ( ! liquor by plac+ on a /ra9]4 ,add to ea* p\nd ( p9eapple #a p\nd ( granulat$ sug>4 ,place on ! fire & br+ to boil+ po9t1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,j be=e remov+ f ! fire1 add to ea* gallon ( pulp #a ounce saturat$ alcoholic solution salicylic acid4 ,put into air-tight j>s until want$ = use4 ,cru%$ ,pea*4--,take a good br& ( cann$ yell[ pea*es1 dra9 (f liquor1 & rub ?r\gh a ,no4 #h sieve4 ,add sug>1 br+ to ! boil+ po9t1 & :5 ready to remove f fire add to ea* gallon #a ounce saturat$ alcoholic solution ( salicylic acid4 ,put into j>s & seal h]metically4 ,cru%$ ,apricots4--,prep>$ 9 simil> mann] to cru%$ pea*1 us+ cann$ apricots4 ,cru%$ ,orange4--,secure oranges ) a ?9 peel & conta9+ pl5ty ( juice4 ,remove ! out] or yell[ peel fir/1 tak+ c>e n to include any ( bitt] peel4 ,! out] peel may be us$ 9 mak+ orange phosphate or t9cture sweet orange peel4 ,aft] remov+ ! out] peel1 remove ! inn]1 bitt] peel1 qu>t] & remove ! se$s4 ,extract "p ( ! juice & gr9d ! pulp ?r\gh an ord9>y meat gr9d]4 ,add sug>1 place on ! fire1 & br+ to ! boil+ po9t4 ,:5 ready to remove1 add to ea* gallon #a ounce saturat$ alcoholic solution ( salicylic acid & #a ounce glyc]9e4 ,put into j>s & seal4 ,cru%$ ,*]ries4--,if obta9able1 ! l>ge1 d>k ,cali=nia *]ry %\ld be us$4 ,/one ! *]ries1 & gr9d to a pulp4 ,add sug>1 & place on ! fire1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,be=e remov+1 add to ea* gallon #a ounce ( ! saturat$ solution ( salicylic acid4 ,put into j>s & seal4 ,dry ,sug> ,pres]v+4--,! fruits are emb$d$ 9 a ?ick lay] ( dry1 p[d]$ sug> to :i* !y give up ! great] "p ( ! wat] conta9$ 9 !m4 ,at ! same "t1 a quantity ( sug> passes ?r\gh ! sk9s into ! int]ior ( ! fruits4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! fruits are wa%$ once1 wip$1 & completely dri$4 ,fruit ,pres]v+4--,express ! juice & filt] at once1 ?r\gh two ?icknesses ( be/ :ite ,sw$i% pap]1 into a conta9] t has be5 /]iliz$ imm$iately be=e lett+ ! juice run into x1 by boil+ wat]4 ,! bett] plan is to take out ( wat] 9 active ebullition at ! mom5t y desire to use x4 ,h ready "s long-neck$1 #h-ounce vials1 :i* %\ld also be kept 9 boil+ wat] until ne$$4 ,p\r ! juice into ^!1 leav+ room 9 ! upp] "p ( ! body ( ! vial to #fje receive a teaspoonful ( ! be/ olive oil4 ,p\r ! latt] 9 s t x w trickle d[n ! neck & =m a lay] on top ( ! juice1 & close ! neck ) a wad ( antiseptic cotton ?ru/ into x 9 su* mann] t x does n t\* ! oil1 & leaves room = ! cork to be put 9 )\t t\*+ x4 ,cork & cap or seal ! vial1 & put 9 a cool1 d>k place1 & keep /&+ upright4 ,if c>ri$ out fai?fully ) due att5tion to cleanl9ess1 ?is process w keep ! juice 9 a p]fectly natural condition = a v long "t4 ,! two ess5tials are ! c>eful & rapid filtration1 & ! complete asepticization ( ! conta9]s4 ,ano!r process1 9 use 9 ! ,fr5* ,navy1 dep5ds ^u ! rapid & c>eful filt]+ ( ! juice1 & ! addition ( f #h to #aj p] c5t ( alcohol4 ,raspb]ry ,juice4--,a d>k juice is obta9$ by add+ to ! cru%$ raspb]ries1 be=e ! f]m5tation1 slight quantities ( sug> 9 lay]s4 ,! e?yl-alcohol =m+ dur+ ! f]m5tation is said to cause a bett] extraction ( ! raspb]ry r$4 ,fur!rmore1 ! boil+ %\ld n be conduct$ on a nak$ fire1 b by means ( sup]heat$ /eam1 s z to avoid =mation ( c>amel4 ,f9ally1 ! sug> us$ %\ld be p]fectly free f ultram>9e & lime1 s9ce bo? impurities detract f ! r$ color ( ! raspb]ries4 ,spice = ,fruit ,compote4--,?is is greatly 9 dem& 9 neighborhoods :]e _m plums & pe>s are pres]v$4 ,p>ts ,p>ts ,lemon peel #ae or -- ,c9namon1 ord9>y #ae or #ej ,/> anise$ #aj or #ae ,cori&] #c or #ajj ,c>ob pods #e or -- ,g+] root1 peel$ #b or #bjj ,pim5to -- or #ajj ,licorice -- or #ajj ,cloves1 )\t /ems -- or #cj ,spani% pepp]s -- or #b ,oil ( lemon -- or #d ,oil ( c9namon -- or #b ,oil ( cloves -- or #b ,all ! solid con/itu5ts are p[d]$ mod]ately f9e & ?or\ghly mix$2 ! oils dropp$ 9 la/1 & rubb$ into ! p[d]4 ,/rawb]ries4--,c>efully remove ! /ems & calyxes1 place ! /rawb]ries on a sieve1 & move ! latt] ab\t 9 a tub ( wat] = a few mom5ts1 to remove any dirt cl++ to !m4 ,dra9 & p>tially dry spontane\sly1 !n remove f ! sieve & put into a porcela9-l9$ kettle provid$ ) a tight cov]4 ,to e p\nd ( b]ries take a half p\nd ( sug> & #b ounces ( wat] & put ! same 9 a kettle ov] ! fire4 ,let rema9 until ! sug> has dissolv$ or become liquid1 & !n p\r ! same1 :ile /ill hot1 ov] ! b]ries1 cov] ! kettle tightly & let x /& ov]night4 ,! next morn+ put ! kettle ov] ! fire1 remov+ ! cov] :5 ! b]ries beg9 to boil1 & let boil g5tly = #f to #h m9utes 7accord+ to ! mass71 remov+ all scum z x arises4 ,remove f ! fire1 & ) a p]=at$ spoon or dipp] take ! fruit f ! syrup1 & fill into any suitable vessel4 ,replace ! syrup on ! fire & boil = ab\t ! same l5g? ( "t z be=e1 !n p\r1 all hot1 ov] ! b]ries4 ,! next day empty out ! cont5ts ( ! vessel on a sieve1 & let ! b]ries dra9 (f2 remove ! syrup t dra9s (f1 add wat]1 put on ! fire1 & boil until y obta9 a syrup :i* fl[s b sl[ly f ! /irr+ spoon4 ,at ?is po9t add ! b]ries1 & let boil g5tly = a few mom5ts4 ,h y\r pres]ve j>s z hot z possible1 by putt+ !m into a pot ( cold wat] & br++ ! latt] to a boil1 & into !m fill ! b]ries1 hot f ! kettle4 ,cool d[n1 cov] ) butt]$ pap]1 & imm$iately close ! j>s h]metically4 ,if corks are us$1 !y %\ld be protect$ bel[ ) p>*m5t pap]1 & aft]w>ds cov]$ ) wet bladd] /ret*$ ov] ! top1 securely ti$ & wax$4 ,! process seems v tr\blesome & t$i\s1 b all ( ! c>e exp5d$ is repaid by ! ri*ness & pur5ess ( ! flavor ( ! pres]ve1 :i* ma9ta9s ! odor & ta/e ( ! fre% b]ry 9 p]fection4 ,hydrog5 ,p]oxide z a ,pres]vative4--,hydrog5 p]oxide is "o ( ! be/1 lea/ h>mful1 & mo/ conv5i5t ag5ts = pres]v+ syrups1 w9e1 be]1 cid]1 & v9eg>4 ,= ?is purpose #b #a_/b fluidra*ms ( ! comm]cial p]oxide ( hydrog5 may be add$ to ea* qu>t ( ! article to be pres]v$4 ,hydrog5 p]oxide also af=ds an easy te/ = bact]ia 9 wat]4 ,:5 hydrog5 p]oxide is add$ to wat] t conta9s bact]ia1 ^! organisms decompose x1 & consequ5tly oxyg5 gas is giv5 (f4 ,if ! wat] be mu* contam9at$ ! dis5gagem5t ( gas may be q brisk4 #fjf ,to ,pres]ve ,milk 7:i* %\ld be z fre% z possible7 !re %\ld be add$ en\gh hydrog5 p]oxide to cause x to be completely decompos$ by ! enzymes ( ! milk4 ,= ?is purpose #a4c p] c5t1 by volume1 ( a #c p] c5t hydrog5 p]oxide solution is requir$4 ,! milk is well %ak5 & kept = #e h\rs at #abb to #abe ,f4 9 well-clos$ vessels4 ,^u cool+1 x may keep fre% = ab\t a mon? & also to reta9 its natural fre% ta/e4 ,) ?is process1 if pure milk is us$1 ! ord9>y disease g]ms are kill$ (f soon aft] milk+ & ! milk /]iliz$4 ,p[d]$ ,cork z a ,pres]vative4--,te/s h %[n t p[d]$ cork is v efficaci\s = pack+ & pres]v+ fruits & vegetables4 ,a b$ ( cork is plac$ at ! bottom ( ! case1 & ! fruits or vegetables & ! cork are !n dispos$ 9 alt]nate lay]s1 ) a f9al "o ( cork at ! top4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to fill up ! int]/ices1 9 ord] to prev5t friction4 ,fruit may ?us be kept fre% a ye>1 provid$ any uns\nd p>ts h be5 remov$ prelim9>ily4 ,:5 unpack+ = sale1 x suffices to plunge ! fruit into wat]4 ,g5]ally speak+1 #ej p\nds ( cork g ) #a1jjj or #a1bjj p\nds ( fruit4 ,! cork s]ves z a protection aga9/ cold1 heat1 & humidity4 ,v>i\s fruits1 su* z grapes1 m&>9es1 tomatoes1 & e>ly vegetables1 are successfully pack$ 9 ?is way4 ,,pressure ,,table3 ,see ,tables4 ,,pr9t ,,copy+3 ,see ,copy+4 ,,pr9t]s' ,,oil3 ,see ,oil4 ,,pr9t+ ,,on ,,photographs3 ,see ,photography4 ,,pr9ts1 ,,re/oration ,,(3 ,see ,engrav+s4 ,,pr9ts1 ,,_! ,,pres]vation3 ,see ,engrav+s4 ,,pr9t+ ,,oilclo? ,,& ,,lea!r ,,9 ,,gold3 ,see ,gold4 ,,pr9t+-,,out ,,pap]1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,s5sitize3 ,see ,photography1 "u ,pap]-,s5sitiz+ ,processes4 ,,pr9t+-,,roll] ,,compositions3 ,see ,roll] ,compositions = ,pr9t]s4 ,,prussic ,,acid3 ,see ,poisons4 ,,pumice ,,/one4 ,:ile em]y is us$ = poli%+ tools1 poli%+ s& = /ones & glass1 f]ric oxide = f9e glassw>e1 & lime & felt = metals1 pumice /one is m frequ5tly employ$ = poli%+ s(t] objects4 ,natural pumice /one pres5ts b little firmness1 & ! se>* has !re=e be5 made to replace ! natural product ) an artificial "o4 ,an artificial /one has be5 produc$ by means ( s&/one & clay1 design$ to be us$ = a v>iety ( purposes4 ,no4 #a1 h>d or s(t1 ) co>se gra91 is design$ = lea!r & wat]pro( g>m5ts1 & = ! indu/ries ( felt & wool2 ,no4 #b1 h>d & s(t1 ( av]age gra91 is design$ = "w 9 /ucco & sculptors' use1 & = rubb+ d[n wood be=e pa9t+2 ,no4 #c1 s(t1 ) f9e gra91 is us$ = poli%+ wood & t9 articles2 ,no4 #d1 ( av]age h>dness1 ) f9e gra91 is us$ = giv+ to wood a surface previ\s to poli%+ ) oil2 ,no4 #e1 h>d1 ) f9e gra91 is employ$ = metal "w & /ones1 especially li?ographic /ones4 ,^! artificial products are utiliz$ 9 ! same mann] z ! volcanic products4 ,= giv+ a smoo? surface to wood1 ! op]ation is dry2 b = f9i%+1 ! product is dilut$ ) oil4 ,,pumice-,,/one ,,soap3 ,see ,soaps4 ,,pun*es3 ,see ,ice ,creams4 ,,puncture ,,cem5t3 ,see ,cem5t4 ,,purple ,,( ,,cassius3 ,see ,gold4 ,putty 7,see also ,lutes1 "u ,adhesives & ,cem5ts47 ,common putty1 z us$ by c>p5t]s1 pa9t]s1 & glazi]s1 is :it+ mix$ ) l9se$ oil to ! consi/5cy ( d\gh4 ,pla/]]s use a f9e lime mort> t is call$ putty4 ,jewel]s use a t9 oxide = poli%+1 call$ putty p[d] or putz p[d]4 7,see ,putz ,p[d]1 "u ,jewel]s' ,poli%es1 "u ,poli%es47 #fjg ,acid-,pro( ,putty4--,i4--,melt #a "p ( gum ela/ic ) #b p>ts ( l9se$ oil & mix ) ! necess>y quantity ( :ite bole by cont9u$ knead+ to ! desir$ consi/5cy4 ,hydro*loric acid & nitric acid d n attack ?is putty1 x s(t5s some:at 9 ! w>m & does n dry readily on ! surface4 ,! dry+ & h>d5+ is effect$ by an admixture ( #a_/b "p ( li?>ge or r$ lead4 ,,ii4--,a putty :i* w ev5 resi/ boil+ sulphuric acid is prep>$ by melt+ ca\t*\c at a mod]ate heat1 !n add+ #h p] c5t ( tall[1 /irr+ con/antly1 :]eupon suffici5tly slak$ lime is add$ until ! :ole has ! consi/5cy ( s(t d\gh4 ,f9ally ab\t #bj p] c5t ( r$ lead is /ill add$1 :i* causes ! mass to set imm$iately & to h>d5 & dry4 ,a solution ( ca\t*\c 9 d\ble its weight ( l9se$ oil1 add$ by means ( heat & ) ! l quantity 7weight7 ( pipe clay1 gives a pla/ic mass :i* likewise resi/s mo/ acids4 ,black ,putty4--,mix :it+ & antimony sulphide1 ! latt] f9ely p[d]$1 ) soluble glass4 ,?is putty1 x is claim$1 c be poli%$1 aft] h>d5+1 by means ( a burni%+ agate4 ,durable ,putty4--,accord+ to ! 8,gew]bes*au10 mix a h&ful ( burnt lime ) #d #a_/d ounces ( l9se$ oil2 all[ ?is mixture to boil d[n to ! consi/5cy ( common putty1 & dry ! ext5sible mass receiv$1 9 a place n accessible to ! rays ( ! sun4 ,:5 ! putty1 :i* has become v h>d ?r\gh ! dry+1 is to be us$1 x is w>m$4 ,ov] ! flame x w become s(t & pliable1 b aft] hav+ be5 appli$ & become cold1 x b9ds ! v>i\s mat]ials v firmly4 ,glazi]s' ,putty4--,i4--,= putty+ panes or look+ glasses into picture frames a mixture prep>$ z foll[s is well adapt$3 ,make a solution ( gum ela/ic 9 b5z9e1 /rong en\gh s t a syrup-l fluid results4 ,if ! solution be too ?91 wait until ! b5z9e evaporates4 ,!n gr9d :ite lead 9 l9se$-oil v>ni% to a /iff pa/e & add ! gum solution4 ,?is putty may be us$1 besides ! above purposes1 = ! tight putty+-9 ( w9d[ panes into _! frames4 ,! putty is appli$ on ! glass lap ( ! frames & ! panes are firmly press$ into x4 ,! glass plates !reby obta9 a good1 firm support & /ick to ! wood1 z ! putty adh]es bo? to ! glass & to ! wood4 ,,ii4--,a useful putty = mirrors1 etc41 is prep>$ by dissolv+ gummi ela/icum 7ca\t*\c7 9 b5zol to a syrupy solution1 & incorporat+ ?is latt] ) a mixture ( :ite lead & l9se$ oil to make a /iff pulp4 ,! putty adh]es /rongly to bo? glass & wood1 & may !re=e be appli$ to ! framework ( ! w9d[1 mirror1 etc41 to be glaz$1 ! glass be+ !n press$ firmly on ! cem5t+ lay] ?us =m$4 ,h>d ,putty4--,?is is us$ by c>riage pa9t]s & jewel]s4 ,boil #d p\nds br[n umb] & #g p\nds l9se$ oil = #b h\rs2 /ir 9 #b ounces beeswax2 take f ! fire & mix 9 #e #a_/b p\nds *alk & #aa p\nds :ite lead2 ! mix+ mu/ be done v ?or\ghly4 ,pa9t]s' ,putty & ,r\gh ,/uff4--,gradually knead sift$ dry *alk 7:it+7 or else rye fl\r1 p[d]$ :ite lead1 z9c :ite1 or li?opone :ite ) good l9se$-oil v>ni%4 ,! be/ putty is produc$ f v>ni% ) pl5ty ( *alk & "s z9c :ite4 ,?is mixture c be t9t$ ) e>? colors4 ,^! oil putties mu/ be well knead$ toge!r & r compact 7l glazi]s' putty74 ,if fl\r pa/e is boil$ 7?is is be/ produc$ by scald+ ) hot wat]1 p\r+ 91 gradually1 ! rye fl\r :i* has be5 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 a little cold wat] & /irr+ con/antly until ! prop] consi/5cy is atta9$7 & dry sift$ *alk & a little v>ni% are add$1 a good r\gh /uff = wood or iron is obta9$1 :i* c be rubb$4 ,?is may also be produc$ f glazi]s' oil putty by gradually knead+ into x fl\r pa/e & a little m sift$ dry *alk4 ,to ,s(t5 ,glazi]s' ,putty4--,i4--,glazi]s' putty :i* has become h>d c be s(t5$ ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,mix c>efully equal p>ts ( crude p[d]$ pota% & fre%ly burnt lime & make x into a pa/e ) a little wat]4 ,?is d\gh1 to :i* ab\t #a_/d "p ( s(t soap is /ill add$1 is appli$ on ! putty to be s(t5$1 b c>e has to be tak5 n to cov] o!r pa9t1 z x w\ld be surely de/roy$ !reby4 ,aft] a few h\rs ! h>de/ putty w be s(t5$ by ?is cau/ic mass & c be remov$ f glass & wood4 ,,ii4--,a good way to make ! putty s(t & pla/ic en\gh 9 a few h\rs s t x c be tak5 (f l fre% putty1 is by ! use ( k]os5e1 :i* entirely dissolves ! l9se$ oil ( ! putty1 #fjh trans=m$ into ros91 & quickly p5etrates x4 ,sub/itute = ,putty4--,a *eap & effective sub/itute = putty to /op cracks 9 woodwork is made by soak+ newspap]s 9 a pa/e made by boil+ a p\nd ( fl\r 9 #c qu>ts ( wat]1 & add+ a teaspoonful ( alum4 ,?is mixture %\ld be ( ab\t ! same consi/5cy z putty1 & %\ld be =c$ into ! cracks ) a blunt knife4 ,x w h>d51 l papi] ma*1 & :5 dry may be pa9t$ or /a9$ to mat* ! bo>ds1 :5 x w be almo/ imp]ceptible4 ,wat]pro( ,putties4--,i4--,gr9d p[d]$ :ite lead or m9ium 7r$ lead7 ) ?ick l9se$-oil v>ni% to a /iff pa/e4 ,?is putty is us$ ext5sively = tight5+ wr\ght-iron gas pipes1 = tight5+ rivet seams on gas met]s1 hot-wat] furnaces1 ca/-iron flange pipes = hot-wat] heat+1 etc4 ,! putty made ) m9ium dries v sl[ly1 b becomes tight ev5 be=e x is q h>d1 & holds v firmly aft] solidification4 ,sometimes a little gr\nd gypsum is add$ to x4 ,! two foll[+ putties are *eap] ?an ! above-m5tion$ r$ lead putty3 ,,ii4--,"o "p :ite lead1 #a "p manganese1 "o "p :ite pipe clay1 prep>$ ) l9se$-oil v>ni%4 ,,iii4--,two p>ts r$ lead1 #e p>ts :ite lead1 #d p>ts clay1 gr\nd 9 or prep>$ ) l9se$-oil v>ni%4 ,,iv4--,excell5t putty1 :i* has be5 f\nd invaluable :]e wat]pro( clos+ & p]man5t adhesion are desir$1 is made f li?>ge & glyc]9e4 ,! li?>ge mu/ be f9ely pulv]iz$ & ! glyc]9e v conc5trat$1 ?ickly liquid1 & cle> z wat]4 ,bo? sub/ances are mix$ into a viscid1 ?ickly liquid pulp4 ,! pegs ( k]os5e lamps1 = in/ance1 c be fix$ 9 s firmly ) ?is putty t !y c only be remov$ by *isel+ x out4 ,= putty+ 9 ! glass panes ( aqu>iums x is equally valuable4 ,z x c )/& high] temp]atures x may be successfully us$ = fix+ tools1 curl+ irons1 =ks1 etc41 9 ! wood5 h&les4 ,! ?icki% putty mass is rubb$ into ! hole1 & ! "p to be fix$ is ins]t$4 ,z ?is putty h>d5s v quickly x _c be prep>$ 9 l>ge quantities1 & only en\gh = imm$iate use mu/ be comp\nd$ 9 ea* case4 ,v4--,five p>ts ( hydraulic lime1 #j4c p>ts ( t>1 #j4c p>ts ( ros91 #a "p ( horn wat] 7! decoction result+ f boil+ horn 9 wat] & decant+ ! latt]74 ,! mat]ials are to be mix$ & boil$4 ,aft] cool+1 ! putty is ready = use4 ,?is is an excell5t cem5t = glass1 & may be us$ also = res]voirs & any vessels = hold+ wat]1 to cem5t ! cracks2 also = _m o!r purposes4 ,x w n give way1 & is equally good = glass1 wood1 & metal4 ,,vi4--,?is is especially recomm5d$ = boil] leaks3 ,mix well toge!r #f p>ts ( p[d]$ graphite1 #c p>ts ( slak$ lime1 #h p>ts ( heavy sp> 7b>ytes71 & #h p>ts ( ?ick l9se$-oil v>ni%1 & apply 9 ! ord9>y way to ! spots4 ,,putty ,,= ,,atta*+ ,,sign-,,lett]s ,,to ,,glass3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,sign-,lett] ,cem5ts4 ,,putty1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,putz ,,pomade3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,pyrogallic ,,acid3 ,see ,photography4 ,,pyrogallic ,,acid ,,/a9s1 ,,to ,,remove1 ,,f ,,! ,,sk93 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods & ,photography4 ,,pyrocate*9 ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,pyrote*nics ,,fireworks4 ,! *ief *emical process is1 ( c\rse1 oxidation4 ,oxidation may be produc$ by ! atmosph]e1 b 9 _m cases ?is is n en\gh1 & !n ! pyrote*ni/ mu/ employ 8 k ( *emi/ry 9 select+ oxidiz+ ag5ts4 ,! *ief ( ^! oxidiz+ ag5ts are *lorates & nitrates1 ! effect ( :i* is to promote ! cont9uance ( combu/ion :5 x is once />t$4 ,!y are specially useful1 ow+ to _! solid non-hygroscopic nature4 ,!n +r$i5ts are ne$$ to prev5t ! too spe$y action ( ! oxidiz+ ag5ts1 to regulate ! process ( combu/ion1 su* z calomel1 s&1 & sulphate ( pota%4 ,?irdly1 !re are ! active +r$i5ts t produce ! desir$ effect1 prom95t among :i* are sub/ances t 9 contact ) flame imp>t "s special color to x4 ,brilliancy & brightness are imp>t$ by /eel1 z9c1 & copp] #fji fil+s4 ,o!r sub/ances employ$ are lampblack ) gunp[d]1 &1 = !atre purposes1 lycopodium4 ,fireworks may be classifi$ "u f\r heads1 viz43 #a4 ,s+le fireworks4 #b4 ,t]re/rial fireworks1 :i* are plac$ ^u ! gr\nd & ! fire issues direct f ! surface4 #c4 ,atmosph]ic fireworks1 :i* beg9 _! display 9 ! air4 #d4 ,aquatic fireworks1 9 :i* oxidation is s int5se t !y produce a flame "u wat]4 ,rockets4--,fir/ & =emo/ among atmosph]ic fireworks are rockets1 made 9 diff]5t sizes1 ea* requir+ a slightly diff]5t p]c5tage composition4 ,a good =mula is ,sulphur #a "p ,c>bon1 wood #b p>ts ,nit] #d p>ts ,meal p[d] #a "p ,meal p[d] is a f9e black or br[n du/1 :i* acts z a dilu5t4 ,roman ,c&les4--,roman c&les are some:at aft] ! same pr9ciple4 ,an av]age =mula is3 ,sulphur #d p>ts ,c>bon #c p>ts ,nit] #h p>ts ,p9 ,:eels4--,^! are also simil> 9 composition to ! prec$+4 ,! =mula = ! basis is ,sulphur #e p>ts ,nit] #i p>ts ,meal p[d] #ae p>ts ,color z desir$4 ,b5gal ,lights4--,b5gal lights h ! disadvantage ( be+ poison\s4 ,a typical prep>ation c be made accord+ to ?is =mula3 ,realg> #a "p ,black antimony #e p>ts ,r$ lead #a "p ,sulphur #c p>ts ,nit] #ad p>ts ,,color$ ,,fires4 ,! comp\nds %\ld be ignit$ 9 a small pill box re/+ on a plate4 ,all ! +r$i5ts mu/ be dri$ & p[d]$ sep>ately1 & !n lightly mix$ on a %eet ( pap]4 ,always be> 9 m9d t sulphur & *lorate ( potassium explode viol5tly if rubb$ toge!r4 ,smokeless ,v>i-,color$ ,fire4--,fir/ take b>ytes or /rontium1 & br+ to a gl[+ heat 9 a suitable di%1 remove f ! fire1 & add ! %ellac4 ,! latt] 7unp[d]$7 w melt at once1 & c !n be intimately mix$ ) ! b>ytes or /rontium by means ( a spatula4 ,aft] cool+1 pulv]ize4 ,"o may also add ab\t #b #a_/b p] c5t ( p[d]$ magnesium to increase ! effect4 ,take = in/ance #d p>ts ( b>ytes or /rontium & #a "p ( %ellac4 ,! foll[+ salts1 if f9ely p[d]$ & burn$ 9 an iron ladle ) a little spirits1 w communicate to ! flame _! peculi> colors4 ,potassium nitrate or sodium *lorate1 yell[4 ,potassium *lorate1 violet4 ,calcium *loride1 orange4 ,/rontium nitrate1 r$4 ,b>ium nitrate1 apple gre54 ,copp] nitrate1 em]ald gre54 ,borax1 gre54 ,li?ium *loride1 purple4 ,! color$ fires are us$ l>gely 9 ! production ( v>i\s !atrical effects4 ,blue ,fire4-- ,i4--,t]-sulphuret ( antimony #a "p ,sulphur #b p>ts ,nitrate ( potassium #f p>ts ,,ii4--,sulphur #ae p>ts ,potassium sulphate #ae p>ts ,ammonio-cupric sulphate #ae p>ts ,potassium nitrate #bg p>ts ,potassium *lorate #bh p>ts ,,iii4--,*lorate ( pota% #h p>ts ,calomel #d p>ts ,copp] sulphate #e p>ts ,%ellac #c p>ts ,,iv4--,ore pigm5t #b p>ts ,*>coal #c p>ts ,potassium *loride #e p>ts ,sulphur #ac p>ts ,potassium nitrate #gg p>ts ,v4--,potassium *lorate #aj p>ts ,copp] *lorate #bj p>ts ,alcohol #bj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,,vi4--,copp] *lorate #ajj p>ts ,copp] nitrate #ej p>ts ,b>ium *lorate #be p>ts ,potassium *lorate #ajj p>ts ,alcohol #ejj p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,gre54-- ,i4--,b>ium *lorate #bj p>ts ,alcohol #bj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,,ii4--,b>ium nitrate #aj p>ts ,potassium *lorate #aj p>ts ,alcohol #bj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts #faj ,,iii4--,%ellac #e p>ts ,b>ium nitrate #a #a_/d p>ts ,p\nd aft] cool+1 & add ,b>ium *lorate1 #b to #e p] c5t4 ,r$4-- ,i4--,%ellac #e p>ts ,/rontium nitrate #a to #a4b p>ts ,prep>ation z 9 gre5 f>e4 ,9 damp wea!r add #b to #d p] c5t ( potassium *lorate to ! r$ flame2 ! latt] causes a little m smoke4 ,,ii4--,/rontium nitrate #bj p>ts ,potassium *lorate #aj p>ts ,alcohol #bj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,yell[4-- ,i4--,sulphur #af p>ts ,dri$ c>bonate ( soda #bc p>ts ,*lorate ( potassium #fa p>ts ,,ii4--,sodium *lorate #bj p>ts ,potassium oxalate #aj p>ts ,alcohol #bj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,violet4-- ,i4--,/rontium *lorate #ae p>ts ,copp] *lorate #ae p>ts ,potassium *lorate #ae p>ts ,alcohol #ej p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,,ii4--,potassium *lorate #bj p>ts ,/rontium *lorate #bj p>ts ,copp] *lorate #aj p>ts ,alcohol #ej p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,lilac4-- ,potassium *lorate #bj p>ts ,copp] *lorate #aj p>ts ,/rontium *loride #aj p>ts ,alcohol #ej p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,mauve4-- ,*lorate ( pota% #bh p>ts ,calomel #ab p>ts ,%ellac #d p>ts ,/rontium nitrate #d p>ts ,cupric sulphate #b p>ts ,fat #a "p ,purple4-- ,copp] sulphide #h p>ts ,calomel #g p>ts ,sulphur #b p>ts ,*lorate ( pota% #af p>ts ,:ite4-- ,i4--,gunp[d] #ae p>ts ,sulphur #bb p>ts ,nitrate ( potassium #fd p>ts ,,ii4--,potassium nitrate #cj p>ts ,sulphur #aj p>ts ,antimony sulphide 7black7 #e p>ts ,fl\r #c p>ts ,p[d]$ camphor #b p>ts ,,iii4--,*>coal #a "p ,sulphur #aa p>ts ,potassium sulphide #ch p>ts ,,iv4--,/e>9e #a "p ,b>ium c>bonate #a "p ,milk sug> #d p>ts ,potassium nitrate #d p>ts ,potassium *lorate #ab p>ts ,z a g5]al rule1 a correspond+ quantity ( %ellac may be tak5 in/ead ( ! sulphur = inside fireworks4 ,! directions = us+ ^! solutions are simply to imbibe bibul\s pap]s 9 !m1 !n c>efully dry & roll tightly into rolls ( suitable l5g?1 accord+ to ! l5g? ( "t !y are to burn4 ,fuses4--,= fuses or ignit+ pap]s1 ! foll[+ is us$3 ,potassium nitrate #b p>ts ,lead acetate #dj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,mix & dissolve1 & 9 ! solution place unsiz$ pap]2 raise to ne>ly a boil & keep at ?is temp]ature = #bj m9utes4 ,if ! pap] is to be 8sl[10 x may n[ be tak5 out1 dri$1 cut into /rips1 & roll$4 ,if to be 8fa/]10 ! heat is to be cont9u$ long]1 accord+ to ! quickness desir$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid boil+1 :i* might dis9tegrate ! pap]4 ,9 prep>+ ^! pap]s1 e precaution aga9/ fire %\ld be tak51 & _! prep>ation 9 ! %op or h\se %\ld n be ?\ght (4 ,9 mak+ ! solutions1 etc41 :]e heat is necess>y1 ! wat] ba? %\ld inv>iably be us$4 ,,pyrote*nic ,,magic4 ,caution4--,:5 ab\t to place any light$ mat]ial 9 ! m\? be sure t ! m\? is well coat$ ) saliva1 & t y are exhal+ ! brea? cont9u\sly1 ) great] or less =ce1 accord+ to ! am\nt ( heat y c be>4 ,if ! light$ mat]ial %[s a t5d5cy to burn ! m\?1 d n attempt to drag x out quickly1 b simply %ut ! lips tight1 & brea! ?r\gh ! nose1 & ! fire mu/ g out in/antly4 ,9 ! ,human ,gas ,trick1 :]e a flame #aj to #ae in*es long is bl[n f ! m\?1 be c>eful aft] light+ ! #faa gas1 to cont9ue to exhale ! brea?4 ,:5 y desire ! gas to g out1 simply %ut ! lips tight & hold ! brea? = a few seconds4 ,9 ?is trick1 until ! gas is well out1 any inhalation is likely to be att5d$ ) ! mo/ s]i\s results4 ,! sev]al cautions above giv5 may be exam9$ ) a light$ mat*1 fir/ remov+1 aft] light+ ! mat*1 any brim/one or phosphorus f its end4 ,to ,fire ,pap]1 etc41 by ,brea?+ on x4--,?is secret seems little kn[n to conjur]s4 ,pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! caution conc]n+ phosphorus at ! head ( ?is article1 & ! caution respect+ ! dang]\s nature ( ! prep>$ fluid giv54 ,half fill a half-ounce bottle ) c>bon disulphide1 & drop 9 #a or #b fragm5ts ( phosphorus1 ea* ! size ( a pea1 :i* w quickly dissolve4 ,%ake up ! liquid1 & p\r out a small teaspoonful onto a piece ( blott+ pap]4 ,! c>bon disulphide w quickly evaporate1 leav+ a film ( phosphorus on ! pap]1 :i* w quickly emit fumes & bur/ into flame4 ,! once-popul> t]m ,f5ian fire 0 d]iv$ f ! suppos$ use ( ?is liquid by ! ,f5ians = ! purpose ( sett+ fire to h\ses by ?r[+ a bottle d[n a *imney or ?r\gh a w9d[1 ! bottle to break & its cont5ts to spe$ily set fire to ! place4 ,= ! purpose ( exp]im5t ?is liquid %\ld only be prep>$ 9 small quantities z above1 & any left ov] %\ld be p\r$ away onto ! soil 9 ! op5 air1 s z to obviate ! risk ( fire4 ,?9 pap] may be fir$ 9 a simil> mann] ) ! acid bulbs & p[d] already m5tion$4 ,! p[d] %\ld be =m$ into a pa/e1 laid on ! pap]1 & all[$ to dry4 ,!n ! acid bulb is pa/$ ov] ! p[d]4 ,burn+ ,brim/one4--,wrap cotton ar\nd two small pieces ( brim/one & wet x ) gasol9e2 take betwe5 ! f+]s1 squeez+ ! surplus liquid out1 light x ) a c&le1 ?r[ back ! head well1 & put x on ! tongue blaz+4 ,bl[ fire f m\?1 & obs]ve t a fre%ly bl[n-out c&le may be light$ f ! flame1 :i* makes x m effective4 ,aft] light+ c&le *ew up brim/one & pret5d to swall[4 ,blaz+ ,sponge ,trick4--,take #b or #c small sponges1 place !m 9 a ladle2 p\r j en\gh oil or gasol9e ov] !m to wet !m4 ,be v c>eful n to h en\gh oil on !m to cause !m to drip4 ,set fire to ! sponges & take "o ( !m up ) ! tongs1 & ?r[ ! head back & drop ! blaz+ sponge 9 ! m\?1 expell+ ! brea? all ! "t4 ,n[ close y\r m\? quickly2 ?is cuts (f ! air f ! flame & x imm$iately goes out4 ,be c>eful n to drop ! sponge on ! face or *94 ,remove sponge "u cov] ( a h&k]*ief be=e plac+ ! second "o 9 ! m\?4 ,burn+ ,seal+ ,wax4--,take a /ick ( common seal+ wax 9 "o h& & a c&le 9 ! o!r1 melt ! wax ov] ! c&le1 & put on y\r tongue :ile blaz+4 ,! moi/ure ( ! m\? cools x almo/ in/antly4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to get any on ! lips1 *91 or h&s4 ,demon ,b[ls ( ,fire4--,! p]=m] has ?ree #f #a_/b-;in* brass b[ls on a table1 & op5ly p\rs ord9>y clean wat] 7may be drunk7 into b[ls1 until ea* is ab\t half full4 ,!n by simply pass+ ! h& ov] b[ls !y ea* take fire & produce a flame #ab to #bj in*es high4 ,ea* b[l conta9s ab\t #b teaspoonfuls ( e!r1 ^u :i* is plac$ a small piece ( ! metal potassium1 ab\t ! size ( a pea4 ,if ! e!r be pure ! potassium w n be act$ ^u4 ,:5 ! wat] is p\r$ into ! b[l ! e!r & potassium float up1 ! latt] act+ vigor\sly on ! wat]1 evolv+ hydrog5 & sett+ fire !reto1 & to ! e!r z well4 ,! wat] may be p\r$ into ! b[l & light$ at comm&4 ,9 ?is case ! potassium & e!r are kept sep>at$ 9 ! b[l1 ! =m] 9 a little cup on "o side1 & ! latt] 9 ! body ( ! b[l4 ,! wat] is p\r$ 91 & on rock+ ! b[l x is caus$ to wa% into ! little cup1 ! potassium floats up1 & ! fire is produc$4 ,n4 ,b4--,! above tricks are n safe 9 any b specially made b[ls1 i4 e41 b[ls ) ! wide flange r\nd edge to prev5t ! accid5tal spill+ ( any portion ( ! burn+ e!r4 ,! ,burn+ ,banana4--,place "s alcohol 9 a ladle & set fire to x4 ,dip a banana 9 ! blaz+ alcohol & eat x :ile x is blaz+4 ,z soon z x is plac$ 9 ! m\? ! fire goes out4 ,sp>ks f ! ,f+] ,tips4--,take a small piece ( t9 ab\t #a_/b in* wide & #a #a_/b in*es long4 ,b5d ?is 9 ! %ape ( a r+4 ,to ! c5t] ( ?is piece sold] ano!r small piece ( t9 b5t 9 ! %ape ( a lett] ,u2 betwe5 ! #fab ends ( ?is ,u place a small piece ( wax tape ab\t #a_/b in* long4 ,take a piece ( small rubb] tub+ ab\t #b feet 9 l5g? & to "o end ( ?is atta* a holl[ rubb] ball1 :i* y mu/ p>tly fill ) iron fil+s4 ,place ! rubb] ball conta9+ ! iron fil+s "u ! arm & pass ! rubb] tube d[n ?r\gh ! sleeve ( ! coat to ! palm ( ! h&2 n[ place ! t9 r+ ^u ! middle f+]1 ) ! wax tap] inside ( ! h&4 ,light ?is tap]4 ,by press+ ! arm d[n %>ply on ! rubb] ball1 ! =ce ( ! air w drive "s ( ! iron fil+s ?r\gh ! rubb] tube & out ?r\gh ! flame ( ! burn+ tap]1 :5 !y w ignite & cause a beautiful %[] ( sp>ks to appe> to ra9 f ! f+] tips4 ,to ,take ,boil+ ,lead 9 ! ,m\?4--,! metal us$1 :ile n unlike lead 9 appe>ance1 is n ! ord9>y metal1 b is really an alloy compos$ ( ! foll[+ sub/ances3 ,bismu? #h p>ts ,lead #e p>ts ,t9 #b p>ts ,to prep>e x1 fir/ melt ! lead 9 a crucible1 !n add ! bismu? & f9ally ! t91 & /ir well toge!r ) a piece ( tobacco pipe /em4 ,?is 8fusible metal0 w melt 9 boil+ wat]1 & a teaspoon ca/ f ! alloy w melt if v hot wat] be p\r$ into x1 or if boil+ wat] be /irr$ ) x4 ,if ! wat] be n q boil+1 z is pretty sure to be ! case if tea f a teapot is us$1 9 all probability ! heat w be insuffici5t to melt ! spoon4 ,b by melt+ ! alloy & add+ to x a small quantity ( quicksilv] a comp\nd w be produc$1 :i*1 ?\gh solid at ! ord9>y temp]ature1 w melt 9 wat] v mu* bel[ ! boil+ po9t4 ,ano!r v>iety ( easily fusible alloy is made by melt+ toge!r ,bismu? #g to #h p>ts ,lead #d p>ts ,t9 #b p>ts ,cadmium #a to #b p>ts ,?is mixture melts at #aeh1 t giv5 above at #bjh ,f4 ,ei!r "o ( ! sev]al alloys above giv5 w conta9 consid]ably less heat ?an lead1 & 9 consequ5ce be ! m suitable = ! purposes ( a 8,fire ,k+40 ,:5 a body is melt$ x is rais$ to a c]ta9 temp]ature & !n gets no hott]1 n ev5 if ! fire be increas$--all ! extra heat goes to melt ! rema9d] ( ! sub/ance4 ,second ,me?od4--,?is is done ) a ladle con/ruct$ simil>ly to ! t9 cup 9 a previ\s trick4 ,! lead1 g5u9e 9 ?is case1 is1 app>5tly1 drunk f ! ladle1 :i* is !n tilt$1 t x may be se5 to be empty4 ,! lead is conceal$ 9 ! secret int]ior ( ! ladle1 & a solid piece ( lead is 9 conclusion dropp$ f ! m\?1 z congeal$ metal4 ,to ,eat ,burn+ ,coals4--,9 ! fir/ place make a good *>coal fire 9 ! furnace4 ,j be=e comm5c+ ! act ?r[ 9 ?ree or f\r pieces ( s(t p9e4 ,:5 burnt to a coal "o _c tell ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is & *>coal1 except by /ick+ a =k into x4 ,?is w n burn 9 ! lea/1 :ile ! g5u9e *>coal w4 ,y c /ick y\r =k into ^! coals )\t any difficulty1 b ! *>coal is brittle & h>d2 x breaks be=e ! =k goes into x4 ,*a9 ( ,fire4--,take a piece ( c&le wick #h or #aj in*es long1 saturat$ ) k]os5e oil1 squeeze out surplus oil4 ,take hold ( "o end ) y\r fire tongs1 light by furnace1 ?r[ back y\r head1 & l[] x into y\r m\? :ile exhal+ ! brea? freely4 ,:5 all 91 close y\r lips & remove 9 h&k]*ief4 ,,note4--,h a good hold ( ! end ) ! tongs1 = if x %\ld fall x w\ld probably inflict a s]i\s burn2 = ?is reason also no burn+ oil mu/ drop f ! cotton4 ,bit+ ,(f ,r$-,hot ,iron4--,take a piece ( hoop iron ab\t #b feet long1 place x 9 a vise & b5d x backw>ds & =w>ds1 ab\t an in* f ! end1 until x is ne>ly brok5 (f4 ,put ?is 9 a furnace until x becomes r$ hot1 !n take x 9 y\r "r h&1 grasp ! brok5 end 9 y\r tee?1 be+ c>eful n to let x t\* y\r lips or y\r tongue1 make a 8face0 z ?\gh x 0 t]ribly h>d to bite (f1 & let ! brok5 end drop f betwe5 y\r tee? into a pail ( wat] 7:i* y %\ld always h at h& 9 case ( fire71 :5 ! hiss+ w induce ! belief t ! portion bitt5 (f is /ill 8r$ hot0--x may be1 = t matt]1 if ! iron be ne>ly brok5 (f 9 ! fir/ place & if y h good tee? & are n afraid to injure !m4 ,wat] ,/irr$ ,yell[1 ,sc>let1 & ,colorless4--,obta9 a glass tube ) "o end h]metically seal$ & drawn into a f9e po9t t w break easily4 ,into an ale glass put a solution ( m]cury #fac bi*loride 7corrosive sublimate1 a deadly poison7 & into ! tube a /rong solution ( potassium iodide s adju/$ 9 /r5g? t x w r$issolve ! sc>let precipitate =m$ by ! union ( ! two liquids4 ,:ile /irr+ ! solution 9 ! glass ! bottom ( ! tube 7app>5tly a glass rod7 is brok5 & a small portion ( its cont5ts all[$ to escape1 :i* produces a beautiful sc>let4 ,! balance ( ! fluid 9 ! tube is reta9$ !re by simply keep+ ! ?umb on ! op5 top end4 ,cont9ue ! /irr+1 all[+ ! balance ( ! cont5ts ( ! tube to escape1 & ! sc>let fluid aga9 becomes colorless4 ,be=e ! sc>let appe>s ! liquid is yell[4 ,to height5 ! effect1 ano!r ale glass1 conta9+ only clean wat] & a solid glass /irr+-rod1 may be h&$ to "o ( ! company1 ) in/ructions to d ! same z ! p]=m]2 ! result is amus+4 ,,quick-,,wat]3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,quilts1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,qu9ce ,,extract3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,rags ,,= ,,clean+ ,,& ,,poli%+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,raspb]ryade ,,p[d]3 ,see ,salts1 ,eff]vesc5t4 ,,raspb]ry ,,syrup3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,rat ,poisons 7,see also ,turp5t9e47 ,poisons = rats may be divid$ into two classes1 quick & sl[4 ,potassium cyanide & /ry*n9e belong to ! fir/1 & phosphorus & ars5ic to ! second4 ,bo? %\ld be kept away f *ildr51 dogs1 & cats1 & ?is is be/ done by putt+ !m 9 places too n>r[ = any?+ l>g] ?an a rat to squeeze into4 ,if ! poison is too quick1 ! effect ( x is visible to ! same rats :i* saw ! cause1 & ^? :i* h n eat5 ( ! bait w leave x alone4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x is too sl[1 ! poison$ rat may spread x to edible ?+s 9 ! pantry1 by vomit+4 ,sl[ poisons g5]ally cause ! rat to seek wat]1 & :5 !y are us$ wat] %\ld n be left ab\t promiscu\sly4 ,! sub/ances mo/ useful z rat poisons1 & :i* are )\t dang] to ! l>g] dome/ic animals1 are pla/] ( ,p>is & fre% squills4 ,less dang]\s ?an /ry*n9e & ars5ic are ! b>yta prep>ations1 ( :i* ! mo/ valuable is b>ium c>bonate4 ,l pla/] ( ,p>is1 ?is sub/ance1 :5 us$ = ! purpose1 mu/ be mix$ ) sug> & meal1 or fl\r1 & z a decoy "s /rong-smell+ *eese %\ld be add$4 ,9 clos$ places !re %\ld be left vessels conta9+ wat] easily accessible to ! creatures4 ,"o advantage ov] ^! sub/ances possess$ by ! squill is t x is gre$ily eat5 by rats & mice4 ,:5 x is us$1 h[ev]1 ! same precaution z to wat]1 not$ above1 is necess>y1 a circum/ance too frequ5tly =gott54 ,9 prep>+ ! squill = ?is purpose1 by ! addition ( bacon1 or fat meat ( any k9d1 ! use ( a decoy l *eese is unnecess>y1 z ! fats are suffici5tly appetiz+ to ! rod5ts4 ,x is to be not$ t only fre% squills %\ld be us$ = ?is purpose1 z 9 keep+ ! bulb ! poison\s pr9ciple is de/roy$1 or1 at lea/1 is s modifi$ z to s]i\sly injure its value4 ,squill ,poisons4--,! prep>ation ( ! squill z a rat poison c be effect$ 9 sev]al diff]5t ways4 ,usually1 aft] ! removal ( ! out] peel1 ! bulb is cut up into little slices & mix$ ) milk & fl\r2 ^! are /irr$ into a d\gh or pa/e1 :i*1 ) bits ( bacon r9d1 is put into ! ov5 & bak$4 ,ano!r plan is to grate ! squill on a grat] & m+le ! grat+s ) ma%$1 boil$1 or roa/$ potato4 ,?is me?od ( prep>+ !m necessitates ! imm$iate use ( ! poison4 ,! foll[+ is1 h[ev]1 a /able prep>ation t keeps well3 ,i4--,hog's l>d #ejj grams ,acid salicylic #e grams ,squill #a bulb ,beef suet #ej to #ajj grams ,b>ium c>bonate #ejj grams ,solution ( ammonium copp] acetate1 #bj p] c5t #ej grams ,cut or grate ! squill into v small pieces1 & fry x 9 ! l>d & suet until x has acquir$ a d>k-br[n color & #fad ! fats h tak5 up ! *>act]i/ic squill odor2 !n to ! mess add ! o!r sub/ances1 & /ir well toge!r4 ,,ii4--,squill1 bruis$ #d ounces ,bacon1 *opp$ f9e #f ounces ,fl\r or meal1 en\gh4 ,wat]1 en\gh4 ,make into a /iff mass1 divide into small cakes1 & bake4 ,phosphorus ,poisons4--,next to ! squill 9 value z a poison comes phosphorus 9 ! %ape ( an electu>y1 or 9 pills4 ,= readily prep>+ ! electu>y1 :5 ne$$ or ord]$1 x is a good plan to keep on h& a phosphorat$ syrup made z foll[s3 ,to #bjj p>ts ( simple syrup1 9 a /rong flask1 add #ej p>ts ( phosphorus & #aj p>ts ( talc p[d]2 place ! conta9] 9 a suitable vessel & surr\nd x ) wat] heat$ to #abj to #acj ,f41 & let x /& until ! phosphorus is melt$4 ,n[1 cork ! flask well1 tie d[n ! cork1 & agitate until ! mixture is completely cold4 ,z a measure ( precaution1 ! flask %\ld be wrapp$ ) a clo?4 ,to make ! poison take #ej p>ts ( rye fl\r & mix ) x #aj p>ts ( p[d]$ sug>4 ,to ! mixture add ab\t #dj p>ts ( wat] & f #cj to #dj p>ts ( ! phosphorat$ syrup1 & mix ! mass ?or\ghly4 ,:ile x is be/ to make ! phosphorat$ syrup fre% e "t t x is requir$1 a /able syrup c be made z foll[s3 ,heat toge!r v c>efully 9 a wat] ba? #e p>ts ( phosphorus1 #c p>ts ( sublim$ sulphur1 & #cj p>ts ( wat]1 until ! phosphorus is completely melt$ & tak5 up2 !n add #cj p>ts ( :eat fl\r & #f p>ts ( gr\nd mu/>d se$1 & "w up1 ) ! addition ( w>m wat] f "t to "t1 if necess>y1 into a /iff pa/e1 f9ally add+ & work+ 9 f #a to #b p>ts ( oil ( anise4 ,borax 9 p[d]1 x may be notic$1 is also useful z a pres]vative ( phosphorat$ pa/e or ! electu>y4 ,mhsam gives ! foll[+ =mula = an electu>y ( phosphorus = ?is purpose3 ,i4--,phosphorus1 granulat$ #a "p ,rye fl\r #cj p>ts ,simple syrup #aj p>ts ,mu/>d se$1 p[d]$ #a "p ,sublim$ sulphur #a "p ,wat] #aj p>ts ,proce$ z indicat$ above4 ,hag]'s =mula = 8,phosphorus globules0 is z foll[s3 ,,ii4--,phosphorus1 amorph\s #aj p>ts ,glyc]9e #bj p>ts ,l9se$1 p[d]$ #ajj p>ts ,meat extract #ae p>ts ,qu>k1 rec5tly coagulat$1 quantity suffici5t4 ,mix1 & make a mass1 & divide into #bjj globules1 weigh+ ab\t #ae gra9s ea*4 ,roll 9 :eat fl\r1 9 :i* a little p[d]$ sug> has be5 mix$4 ,phosphorus electu>y1 made z indicat$ above1 may be sme>$ ^u bits ( fri$ bacon1 :i* %\ld be tack$ firmly to a bit ( bo>d or to ! floor4 ,x is ess5tial t ei!r fl\r or sug>1 or bo?1 be /rewn ov] ! surface ( ! phosphorus4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t 9 practice1 on ! :ole1 are ! phosphorus globules1 ei!r made aft] ,hag]'s =mula1 or1 m readily1 by add+ rye fl\r & sug> to ! electu>y & work+ up to a pill mass1 or b>ium c>bonate & pla/] may be add$4 ,ars5ical ,poisons4--,! foll[+ are "s ( ! =mulas giv5 by ,hag] = prep>+ globules1 or pills1 ( ars5ic3 ,i4--,ars5ic1 :ite1 p[d]$ #ajj p>ts ,soot f ! kit*5 #e p>ts ,oil ( anise #a "p ,l>d1 suffici5t4 ,:eat fl\r1 suffici5t4 ,make into #djj globules4 ,,ii4--,beef suet #ejj p>ts ,rye fl\r #ejj p>ts ,ars5ic1 :ite1 p[d]$ #ej p>ts ,ultram>9e #aj p>ts ,oil ( anise #a "p ,melt ! suet1 & add to ! fl\r1 mix 9 ! o!r +r$i5ts1 & "w up :ile hot1 beat+ ! mass ) a roll]4 ,make #a1jjj globules4 ,/ry*n9e ,poisons4--,! /ry*n9e prep>ations are also valuable 9 ! de/ruction ( rats & mice4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 9 po9t ( usefulness is /ry*n9e-:eat1 or /ry*n9e-oats 7,/ry*n9weiz5 or ,/ry*n9haf]71 9 ! proportion ( #a "p ( /ry*n9e to #ajj or #aej p>ts ( :eat or oat fl\r1 prep>$ by dissolv+ #a "p ( /ry*n9e 9 #dj to #ej p>ts ( hot wat]1 mix+ well up ) ! fl\r1 & dry+ 9 ! wat] #fae ba?4 ,/ry*n9e may also be us$ on fre% or salt$ meat1 sausage1 etc41 by ins]tion ( ! p[d]1 or ! heads ( fri$ fi% are op5$ & ! p[d] /rewn on ! inside4 ,! latt] is an especially deadly me?od1 s9ce ! odor ( ! fi% acts z a p[]ful lure1 z also d ! bits ( bacon or o!r fats us$ 9 fry+ fi%4 ,/rong *eese is also a good vehicle = /ry*n9e1 act+ z a p[]ful lure = ! rod5ts4 ,/ry*n9e sulph #a dra*m ,sug> milk #c dra*ms ,prussian blue #e gra9s ,sug> #a_/b ounce ,oat fl\r #a_/b ounce ,nux ,vomica ,poison4-- ,oatmeal #a p\nd ,p[d]$ nux vomica #a ounce ,oil ( anise #e drops ,t9cture ( asafetida #e drops ,b>ium ,poison4-- ,b>ium c>bonate #d ounces ,sug> #f ounces ,oatmeal #f ounces ,oil ( anise #d drops ,oil ( c>away #d drops ,,razor ,,pap]3 ,see ,pap]4 ,,razor ,,pa/es3 ,see also ,pa/es4 ,! razor pa/es1 razor creams1 etc41 on ! m>ket1 h = _! cutt+1 or %>p5+1 ag5t jewel]s' r\ge1 or r\ge & em]y4 ,:5 em]y is us$ x %\ld be gr\nd to an impalpable p[d] & levigat$4 ,i4--,! simple/ =mula is a mixture 9 equal p>ts ( r\ge & em]y p[d]1 rubb$ up ) sp]maceti o9tm5t4 ,coke is also us$ z a cutt+ ag5t4 ,suet1 prep>$ l>d1 9 fact1 any greasy or soapy sub/ance1 w answ] = ! vehicle4 ,,ii4--,melt #a1jjj p>ts ( beef tall[ & p\r #bej p>ts ( oil to x4 ,to ?is mixture1 :i* is uni=mly comb9$ by ?or\gh /irr+1 add 9 ! same mann] #aej p>ts ( wa%$ em]y1 #ajj p>ts ( t9 a%es1 & #ej p>ts ( iron oxide4 ,! /irr+ ( ^! +r$i5ts mu/ be cont9u$ until ! mass is cool1 z o!rwise !y w\ld be unev5ly di/ribut$4 ,! lea!r ( ! /rop %\ld be rubb$ ) ?is grease1 apply+ only small quantities at a "t4 ,?is r5d]s x possible to produce a v uni=m coat+1 s9ce little quantities p5etrate ! fib]s ( ! lea!r m easily4 ,,iii4--,t9 putty 7t9 a%es7 #b p>ts ,colco?> #b p>ts ,=g$ iron scales or fil+s #a "p ,pure levant9e hon+ /one f9ely p[d]$ #g p>ts ,beef suet #c p>ts ,all ! +r$i5ts ) ! exception ( ! suet %\ld be f9ely p[d]$4 ,! suet is melt$1 ! +r$i5ts p\r$ 91 & ! :ole ?or\ghly mix$ to =m a d\ghy mass4 ,,iv4--,colco?> #a #a_/b p>ts ,pumice /one #a #a_/b p>ts ,graphite #d #a_/b p>ts ,blood/one 7r$ hematite7 #b p>ts ,iron fil+s #a "p ,^! +r$i5ts are f9ely p[d]$1 wa%$1 & mix$ ) ! foll[+3 ,graft+ wax #b p>ts ,soap #b p>ts ,l>d #b p>ts ,olive oil #b p>ts ,naturally ! fatty +r$i5ts are to be heat$ be=e ! solid sub/ances are comm+l$ ) !m4 ,! side ( ! blade to be poli%$ %\ld be treat$ ) ! foll[+ compositions3 a4 ,t9 a%es 7t9 putty7 rubb$ d[n to a f9e p[d] on a hon+ /one & mix$ ) axle grease4 b4 ,wa%$ graphite m+l$ ) olive oil4 ,,r$uc]s3 ,see ,photography4 ,,r$uc+ ,,photographs1 ,,scale ,,=3 ,see ,photography4 ,,reflector ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,refrig]ants4 ,i4--,potassium nitrate #b p\nds ,ammonium *loride #b p\nds ,wat] #e p9ts ,,ii4--,potassium nitrate #b #a_/b p\nds ,ammonium *loride #b #a_/b p\nds ,sodium sulphate #d p\nds ,wat] #i p9ts ,,iii4--,ammonia nitrate #d p\nds ,wat] #d p9ts ,,iv4--,sodium sulphate #h p>ts ,dilute hydro*loric acid #e p>ts #faf ,v4--,sn[ #a "p ,wat] #a "p ,sulphuric acid #d p>ts ,,vi4--,sn[ #c p>ts ,calcium *loride #d p>ts ,refrig]ation ,if wat] to be froz5 is plac$ 9 a t9 bucket or o!r receptacle x c be readily congeal$ by putt+ x 9 a pail conta9+ a weak dilution ( sulphuric acid & wat]4 ,into ?is ?r[ a h&ful ( common ,glaub] salts1 & ! result+ cold is s great t wat] imm]s$ 9 ! mixture w be froz5 solid 9 a few m9utes1 & ice cream or ices may be quickly & easily prep>$4 ,! co/ is only a few c5ts4 ,! same process 9 an ice-cream freez] w d ! trick = ice cream4 ,home-,made ,refrig]ators4--,i4--,p>tly fill ) wat] a %all[ granite-w>e pan4 ,place x 9 an op51 %ady w9d[ :]e !re is a good draught ( air4 ,9 ?is put bottles ( wat]1 milk1 & cream 7seal$71 wrapp$ ) wet clo?s rea*+ into ! wat]4 ,put butt] 9 an e>!n di% deep en\gh to prev5t wat] gett+ 94 ,ov] ?is turn an e>!n fl[]-pot wrapp$ ) a wet clo? rea*+ into ! wat]4 ,! pan %\ld be fix$ e morn+ & ev5+4 ,) sev]al ( ^! pans "o c keep h\se v com=tably )\t ice4 ,,ii4--,procure a wire meat-safe--t is1 a box cov]$ by wire nett+ on ?ree sides1 ) a fly-pro( door4 ,on top place a deep pan fill$ ) wat]4 ,take a piece ( burlap ! height ( ! pan & safe1 & ( suffici5t l5g? to rea* ar\nd ! entire safe4 ,tack x fa/ :]e ! door op5s & closes4 ,tuck ! upp] edge 9 ! wat]4 ,place x :]e !re is a draught & :]e ! dripp+ w d no damage4 ,?is con/itutes a well-v5tilat$ refrig]ator t co/s no?+ b wat] to ma9ta94 ,,iii4--,take a /ore box1 any conv5i5t size1 & place 9 ?is a small] box1 hav+ ! bottom & space ar\nd ! sides pack$ ) sawdu/4 ,h a galvaniz$ iron pan made1 ! size ( ! inside box & half z deep1 to hold ! ice4 ,h ! pan made ) a sp\t #f in*es long to dra9 (f ! wat] z ! ice melts4 ,bore a hole ! size ( ! sp\t ?r\gh ! d\ble bottom & sawdu/ pack+ to admit ! sp\t4 ,%ort legs may be nail$ on ! sides ( ! box & a vessel set und]nea? to cat* ! dripp+s4 ,put on a tight bo>d cov]4 ,a %elf may be plac$ 9 ! box above ! ice4 ,?is box w keep ice = ?ree days4 ,,iv4--,select a l>ge crack] box ) a h+$ cov]4 ,knock out ! bottom & cut w9d[s 9 ea* side1 leav+ a #c-;in* frame1 ov] :i* tack wire gauze4 ,9 ! coole/ "p ( ! cell> dig away ! e>? to a level dep? ( #c in*es & fit ! box into ! space4 ,mix pla/] ( ,p>is to a consi/5cy ( ?ick cream & p\r into ! box = a #a_/b-;in* ?ick bottom4 ,tw5ty-f\r h\rs w h>d5 x suffici5tly4 ,put a hook & cat* on ! lid4 ,a box ( ?is sort c be clean$ easily1 & insects _c p5etrate x4 ,to ,dra9 a ,refrig]ator4--,i4--,h a /\t t9 funnel made1 #g in*es 9 diamet] at ! top4 ,! tube portion %\ld be at lea/ #h in*es long & ( uni=m diamet]4 ,bore a hole ?r\gh ! floor directly "u ! dra9-pipe ( ! refrig]ator2 ins]t ! funnel1 !n =ce a piece ( rubb] tub+ 7a tight fit7 ov] ! funnel f ! cell> side4 ,pass ! tub+ ?r\gh a hole cut 9 ! scre5 frame ( a cell> w9d[1 & dra9 into any conv5i5t place4 ,?is avoids ! necessity ( cont9ually empty+ ! dra9-pan1 & prev5ts ! ov]fl[ t frequ5tly occurs :5 x is =gott54 ,,ii4--,?is simple device saves ! inconv5i5ce ( hav+ a drip-pan "u ! refrig]ator3 ,if ! refrig]ator is plac$ ne> ! out] wall get a piece ( rubb] hose long en\gh to rea* f ! wa/e pipe to ! outside ( ! wall4 ,bore a hole ?r\gh ! wall "u ! refrig]ator1 :]e basebo>d & floor meet4 ,atta* ! hose to ! wa/e-pipe & pass ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! wall4 ,a small tr\gh outside %\ld c>ry ! wat] away f ! h\se4 ,,refrig]ators1 ,,_! ,,c>e3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,replat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,resilv]+ ,,( ,,mirrors3 ,see ,mirrors4 ,,revolv] ,,lubricants3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,rhub>b ,,z ,a ,,rem$y ,,= ,,*ol]a3 ,see ,*ol]a ,rem$ies4 #fag ,,ribbons ,,= ,,typewrit]s3 ,see ,typewrit] ,ribbons4 ,,rice ,,pa/e3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,rice ,,p[d]3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,rifle ,,lubricants3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,r+1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,sold] ,a ,,jewel$3 ,see ,sold]s4 ,,r+s ,,on ,,metal1 ,,produc+ ,,color$3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,roa* ,,ext]m9ators3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,roburite3 ,see ,explosives4 ,,rod9al ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,roll] ,,compositions ,,= ,,pr9t]s4 ,roll]s = transf]r+ ink to types h to possess special prop]ties1 :i* h ref]5ce bo? to ! nature ( ! ink & t ( ! types to :i* x is to be transf]r$4 ,!y mu/ be z little liable z possible to *anges ( temp]ature4 ,!y mu/ be /icky1 b only j /icky en\gh1 & mu/ h ela/icity en\gh to ex]t a uni=m pressure ov] ! v>y+ surface ) :i* !y meet 9 ! =m4 ,orig9ally1 ! composition 0 "o ( glue & molasses 9 v>y+ proportions1 & ! only practical improvem5t t has be5 made is ! addition ( glyc]9e4 ,?is be+ slightly hygroscopic1 helps to keep ! roll] at ! "r degree ( s(tness1 & be+ practically unfreezable1 x is a great assi/ance 9 keep+ ! roll]s f h>d5+ 9 cold wea!r4 ,! recipes giv5 9 te*nical works = pr9t+ roll] compositions are num]\s & v diff]5t4 ,all conta9 glue & molasses1 & x is ! practice to put a l>g] proportion ( glue 9 roll]s to be us$ 9 ! summ] ?an 9 ^? int5d$ = w9t] use4 ,! foll[+ is a selection ( recipes3 ,i4--,soak #h p\nds ( glue 9 z mu* wat] z x w absorb4 ,:5 !re is no visible wat]1 treat ! glue till melt$1 & add #g p\nds ( hot molasses4 ,,ii4--,glue 7summ]7 #h p\nds ,glue 7w9t]7 #d p\nds ,molasses #a gallon ,,iii4--,molasses #ab p\nds ,glue #d p\nds ,,iv4--,molasses #bd p\nds ,glue #af p\nds ,p>is :ite #b p\nds ,v4--,glue or gelat9 #fd p\nds ,wat] #dh p\nds ,l9se$ oil #if p\nds ,molasses or sug> #fd to #if p\nds ,*loride ( calcium #c p\nds ,p[d]$ ros9 #h p\nds ,soak ! glue 9 ! wat] & !n liquefy by heat4 ,!n /ir 9 ! oil1 fir/ heat$ to #aej ,f4 ,!n add ! molasses & ! *loride ( calcium1 & f9ally ! fus$ ros94 ,! latt] +r$i5t is only to be add$ :5 v t\gh roll]s are requir$4 ,?is recipe is int]e/+ f ! inclusion 9 x ( ! hygroscopic salt1 *loride ( calcium1 ! object ( :i* is obvi\sly to keep ! roll]s moi/4 ,,ro(s1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,lay ,,galvaniz$3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,ro(s1 ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,leakage3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,ro( ,,pa9ts3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,room ,,deodoriz]3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,ropes4 ,to protect ropes1 cordage1 & clo?s made ( flax & hemp aga9/ rot1 x has be5 recomm5d$ to leave !m = #d days 9 a solution ( copp] sulphate1 #bj p>ts by weight to a lit]1 !n all[ !m to dry1 & !n1 to prev5t ! copp] sulphate be+ wa%$ away by ! wat]1 place 9 t> or a solution ( soap--#a to #aj4 ,9 ! latt] case an insoluble copp] soap is =m$4 ,to secure ! same result ) tw9e1 ! foll[+ process has be5 recomm5d$3 ,place ! /r+ = an h\r 9 a solution ( glue1 !n all[ to dry1 & place 9 a solution ( tann94 ,aft] removal f ! tann91 aga9 dry1 & soak 9 oil4 ,! process fir/ describ$ has be5 %[n by exp]i5ce to be v effective2 b to prev5t ! wa%+ away ( ! copp] sulphate1 x is advisable to use ! solution ( soap 9 pref]5ce to ! t>1 z articles /eep$ 9 ! latt] sub/ance are apt to become /iff1 & consequ5tly brittle4 ,! #fah treatm5t ) glue & tann9 9 ! second process has ! drawback t x t5ds to make ! /r+ too /iff & inflexible1 & ?us impair its usefulness4 ,,rope ,,lubricants3 ,see ,lubricant4 ,,ropes1 ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,rose ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,rosewood3 ,see ,wood4 ,,rose ,,p[d]s3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,ros91 ,,te/s ,,=1 ,,9 ,,extracts3 ,see ,foods4 ,,ros9 ,,oil3 ,see ,oil4 ,,ros9 ,,/icks3 ,see ,depilatories4 ,,rot3 ,rem$ies = ,dry ,rot4--,a good rem$y = dry rot is petroleum4 ,! sick p>ts ( ! wood are pa9t$ ) x1 :i* causes ! fungi to die1 turn black1 & f9ally drop (f4 ,! be/ prev5tive ( dry rot is pl5ty ( draught4 ,if ! portions are already affect$ s badly t !y mu/ be remov$ & r5ew$1 ! fre%ly ins]t$ wood is coat$ ) 8c>bol9eum0 to prev5t a fre% appe>ance ( dry rot4 ,ano!r rem$y is ord9>y salt1 :i* is kn[n to h a highly hygroscopic action4 ,x absorbs ! moi/ure ( ! wood1 :]eby x is itself dissolv$1 ?us gradually impregnat+ ! planks1 etc4 ,9 ord] to combat dry rot ) salt1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,?r[ salt into boil+ wat] until a p]fectly saturat$ solution is obta9$4 ,) ?is repeat$ly wa% ! wood & masonry afflict$ ) dry rot4 ,:]ev] practicable ! salt may be spr9kl$ direct ^u ! affect$ place4 ,,r\ge3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,r\ge ,,= ,,buff ,,:eels4 ,! r\ge employ$ by ma*9i/s1 wat*mak]s1 & jewel]s1 is obta9$ by directly subject+ cry/als ( sulphate ( iron or copp]as to a high heat by :i* ! sulphuric acid is expell$ & ! oxide ( iron rema9s4 ,^? portions lea/ calc9$1 :5 gr\nd1 are us$ = poli%+ gold & silv]4 ,^! are ( bright crimson color4 ,! d>k] & m calc9$ portions are kn[n z 8crocus10 & are us$ = poli%+ brass & /eel4 ,o!rs pref] = ! production ( r\ge ! p]oxide ( iron precipitat$ by ammonia f a dilute solution ( sulphate ( iron1 :i* is wa%$1 compress$ until dry1 !n expos$ to a l[ r$ heat & gr\nd to p[d]4 ,( c\rse1 !re are o!r sub/ances besides r\ge :i* are employ$ 9 poli%+1 z p[d]$ em]y1 kieselguhr1 c>borundum1 rott5 /one1 etc4 ,,r\ge ,,p[d]3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,r\gh ,,/uff3 ,see ,wood4 ,,r\p ,,cures3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,rubb] ,,artificial ,,rubb]4 ,au/9 ,g4 ,day tri$ hundr$s ( exp]im5ts & took out _m pat5ts = rubb] sub/itutes4 ,he 0 9 a measure successful1 8 8,k]ite0 comp\nd prov+ ( great value & be+ a result ( 8 seek+ = some?+ t w\ld :olly supplant rubb]4 ,z f> back z #ahff he made public ! results ( "s ( 8 "w1 giv+ z =mulas = rubb] sub/itutes ! foll[+ comp\nds3 ,i4--,l9se$ oil #b p\nds ,cottonse$ oil #a p\nd ,petroleum #b p\nds ,raw turp5t9e #b p\nds ,sulphur #b p\nds ,boil #b h\rs4 ,,ii4--,l9se$ oil #b p\nds ,cottonse$ oil #a p\nd ,petroleum #a p\nd ,raw turp5t9e #b p\nds ,ca/or oil #a p\nd ,sulphur #b p\nds ,boil #a_/b h\r4 ,,iii4--,l9se$ oil #b p\nds ,cottonse$ oil #a p\nd ,petroleum #a p\nd ,raw turp5t9e #a_/b p\nd ,liquid coal t> #c p\nds ,peanut oil #a p\nd ,spirits turp5t9e #a p\nd ,sulphur #d p\nds ,boil #ce m9utes4 ,,iv4--,l9se$ oil #b p\nds ,cottonse$ oil #a p\nd ,petroleum #b p\nds ,raw turp5t9e #a_/b p\nd ,liquid coal t> #b p\nds #fai ,spirits turp5t9e #a p\nd ,rubb] p\nd ,sulphur #b p\nds ,boil #a h\r4 ,9 #ahga ,mr4 ,day _h br\ght 8 exp]im5t+ d[n to ! foll[+ =mula3 ,v4--,cottonse$ oil #ad p\nds ,l9se$ oil #ad p\nds ,asphaltum #h p\nds ,coal t> #h p\nds ,sulphur #aj p\nds ,camphor #a_/b p\nd ,9 ?is ! t> & asphaltum 7 fir/ mix$ ) ! cottonse$ oil1 aft] :i* 0 add$ ! l9se$ oil & camphor1 &1 la/ ( all1 ! sulphur1 :5 ! temp]ature 0 ab\t #bgj ,f4 ,a sub/itute design$ to be us$ 9 rubb] comp\nd+ 9 place1 say1 ( reclaim$ rubb]1 0 made z foll[s3 ,,vi4--,cottonse$ oil #bg p\nds ,coal t> #cj p\nds ,e>?y matt] #e p\nds ,to be mix$ & heat$ to #cjj ,f41 & !n /ra9$ & cool$ to #bjj ,f4 ,!n 7 add$ #bg p\nds l9se$ oil1 ! heat rais$ to #bbj ,f41 & #ae to #ah p\nds ( sulphur add$1 ! heat be+ cont9ually rais$ until ! mass 0 sulphuriz$4 ,:5 ! heat rea*$ #bdj ,f41 #a to #a #a_/b ounces ( nitric acid 7 add$1 & at #bgj to #bhj ,f41 f #a to #c ounces camphor 7 add$ to help ! sulphurization4 ,! resultant comp\nd 0 us$ on ! foll[+ basis3 ,,vii4--,p>a rubb] #bj p\nds ,li?>ge #e p\nds ,sulphur #a p\nd ,above comp\nd #bj to #dj p\nds ,mr4 ,day did n insi/ on ! comp\nd quot$1 b advis$ t ! proportions be v>i$ z widely z ! exig5cies ( ! case might dem&4 ,:it+1 b>ytes1 infusorial e>?1 :ite lead1 blacks1 9 fact almo/ any ( ! oxides1 c>bonates1 or e>?y mat]ials commonly us$ 9 comp\nd+1 7 us$ 9 connection ) 8 sub/itute1 z also 7 any grades ( crude rubb]4 ,among o!r +r$i5ts t he f\nd ( use 9 mak+ 8 sub/itutes 7 vegetable & animal waxes1 toge!r ) ozok]ite & p>aff9e4 ,^! 7 only us$ 9 small quantities1 & always 9 connection ) ! l9se$ & cottonse$ oils1 & g5]ally asphaltum or coal t>4 ,"o ( 8 comp\nds also call$ = a quantity ( gold5 sulphuret ( antimony1 presumably to assi/ 9 ! sulphurization1 & a small am\nt ( tannic acid4 ,ano!r l9e ( exp]im5t+ t is int]e/+1 & t w yet produce good results1 al?\gh s f> x has n am\nt$ to mu*1 is 9 ! use ( cellulose4 ,a v simple =mula is ( ,fr5* orig9 & calls = ! treat+ ( cellulose ) sulphuric acid1 wa%+1 dry+1 granulat+1 treat+ ) res9ate ( soda--:i* is aft]w>ds precipitat$ by sulphate ( alum9a--!n dry+ & mold+ "u pressure4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! resultant mass w\ld n be mi/ak5 = rubb]4 ,an ,engli% =mula is m l x4 ,?is consi/s ( ,,viii4--,cellulose #ae p\nds ,pit* #be p\nds ,asphalt #bj p\nds ,silica #bj p\nds ,ma/ic #e p\nds ,bitum5 #e p\nds ,ros9 #aj p\nds ,coal t> #ab p\nds ,?is makes a ?ick gummy v>ni% :i* is ( little use except z = its wat]pro( qualities4 ,all5's =mula = a cellulose sub/itute might h a value if x 7 c>ri$ fur!r4 ,x is made up ( #ajj p\nds ( ros9\s wood pulp treat$ ) animal gelat91 #ajj p\nds asphalt1 & #aj p\nds asphalt oil1 all heat$ & mold$4 ,! ,gre5+ process1 :i* is ,engli%1 is m elaborate ?an ,all5's1 b seems a bit labori\s & co/ly4 ,?is process calls = ! treatm5t ( ! cellulose by a mixture ( sulphuric acid & nitrate ( pota%1 &1 aft] dry+1 a treatm5t to a ba? ( liquid c>bonic acid4 ,:5 dry aga91 x is mix$ 9 a retort ) ref9$ ros91 gum b5zo91 ca/or oil1 & me?ylat$ alcohol4 ,! di/illate f ?is is dri$ by r$i/ill+ ov] anhydr\s lime4 ,ano!r curi\s l9e ( sub/itutes is t bas$ ^u ! use ( glue & glyc]9e4 ,"s ( ^! h uses1 :ile o!rs1 t look v attractive1 are ( no use at all1 = ! simple reason t !y w absorb wat] almo/ z readily z a dry sponge4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is m ?an #cj ye>s old & is said to be ( ,fr5* orig94 ,! =mula is3 ,,ix4--,glue #d p\nds ,glyc]9e #h ounces ,nutgall #c ounces ,acetic acid1 #a p\nd 9 #e p\nds ( wat]4 ,t5 ye>s lat] ?is 0 approa*$ by an ,engli% =mula 9 :i* 9 place ( #fbj ! nutgall & acetic acid1 *romic & tannic acids 7 sub/itut$1 & a modicum ( gr\nd cork 0 add$ z a *eap5] probably4 ,"s f\r ye>s lat] an +5i\s ,prussian gave out a =mula 9 :i* to ! glue & glyc]9e & tannic acid 7 add$ ,m>seilles soap & l9se$ oil4 ,none ( ! above h ev] _h a comm]cial value1 ! ne>e/ approa* be+ ! glue & glyc]9e comp\nd us$ z a cov] = gas tub+4 ,! sub/itutes t h really come into use g5]ally are made ei!r f l9se$1 cottonse$1 or maize oil4 ,scores ( ^! h be5 produc$ & ?\s&s ( doll>s h be5 sp5t by promot]s & own]s 9 try+ to make ^! gums d j :at crude rubb] w4 ,a ,g]man =mula :i* 0 p>tially successful is ,x4--,l9se$ oil1 9 solution #hj p\nds ,lime-h>d5$ ros91 9 solution #ej p\nds ,add to above ,sulphur #h p\nds ,l9se$ oil #db p\nds ,add #bj p\nds sulphur & heat to #cge ,f4 ,rubb] & ,rubb] ,articles4--,z reg>ds ! action ( coal gas on rubb] tubes1 x has be5 obs]v$ t x is weake/ on ord9>y gray rubb] :i* )/&s x ! longe/1 & gives (f no odor4 ,r$ rubb] is m readily affect$1 & ! black k9d /ill m s4 ,to prev5t rubb] tubes f dry+ up & becom+ brittle1 !y %\ld be coat$ ) a #c p] c5t aque\s solution ( c>bolic acid1 :i* pres]ves !m4 ,if !y h already turn$ /iff & brittle1 !y c be r5d]$ s(t & pliant aga9 by be+ plac$ 9 ammonia :i* has be5 made liquid ) d\ble ! am\nt ( wat]4 ,9 ,france rubb] tubes are us$ z a core = ca/+ pipes f cem5t & s&4 ,9 ord] to con/ruct a connect$ pipe conduit 9 ! gr\nd1 a groove is dug & a lay] ( cem5t mort> spread out4 ,^u ?is ! rubb] tube is laid1 :i* is wrapp$ up 9 canvas & inflat$4 ,! rema9+ portion ( ! *annel is !n fill$ up ) cem5t mort>1 & z soon z x has set1 ! air is let out ( ! rubb] hose & ! latt] is pull$ out & us$ z be=e4 ,to cov] clo? ) rubb]1 !re are *iefly employ$ = dissolv+ ! rubb]1 naph?a1 alcohol1 & b5zol4 ,!y are mix$ ) purifi$ solid p>aff9e1 & gr\nd toge!r4 ,rubb] boots & %oes are r5d]$ wat]pro( by melt+ #d p>ts ( sp]maceti & #a "p ( rubb] on a mod]ate fire1 add+ tall[ or fat1 #aj p>ts1 & la/ly #e p>ts ( copal v>ni% or amb] v>ni%4 ,?is mixture is appli$ on ! %oes ) a bru%4 ,x %\ld be /at$ t ! rubb] us$ = ?is purpose mu/ be cut up v small & all[$ #d to #e h\rs to dissolve4 ,to rid rubb] articles ( unpleasant odor1 cov] bo? sides ) a lay] ( animal *>coal & heat to ab\t #adj ,f4 ,to prev5t gas f escap+ ?r\gh rubb] hose1 cov] x ) a mixture prep>$ z foll[s3 ,dissolve #e p>ts ( gum arabic & #c p>ts ( molasses 9 #ae p>ts ( :ite w9e & add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 #f p>ts ( alcohol 9 small quantities4 ,/irr+ is necess>y to prev5t ! alcohol f precipitat+ ! gum arabic4 ,repair+ ,rubb] ,goods4--,fir/1 clean (f all adh]5t matt]1 & dry ?or\ghly4 ,v>ni% or lacqu]1 z = in/ance on rubb] %oes1 may be remov$ ) s& or em]y pap]1 or ev5 ) a file1 9 ! abs5ce ( "o ( ^!4 ,! surface ?us produc$ is !n rubb$ ) b5z9e4 ,a solution ( ,p>a rubb] 9 b5z9e is !n pa9t$ ov] ! surface ar\nd ! break or te>1 & a /rip ( natural rubb] fitt$ ov] x4 ,!n prep>e a vulcaniz+ solution z foll[s3 ,sulphur *loride #ah p>ts ,b5z9e #djj p>ts ,c>bon disulphide #cjj p>ts ,?is is appli$ to ! edges ( ! jo9t by means ( a pl$get ( cotton wrapp$ on ! end ( a little /ick1 & press ! jo9t$ p>ts well toge!r4 ,"o may repair rubb] bulbs by ! foll[+ me?od3 ,put "s pure gum 9 ?ree times its bulk ( b5z9e1 & cork tightly4 ,let /& sev]al days4 ,get "s rubb] 9 %eet =m2 x w be bett] if x is back$ ) clo?4 ,to make a pat*1 damp5 "s little di/ance ar\nd ! hole to be m5d$ ) b5z9e4 ,aft] a mom5t1 scrape ) a knife2 repeat ! process sev]al times till ! site to be pat*$ is ?or\ghly clean4 ,cut a pat* f %eet ( rubb] a little l>g] ?an ! hole to be m5d$1 & apply to its surface sev]al coats ( ! b5z9e solution4 ,!n apply a good coat ( ! solution to bo? pat* & ab\t ! hole1 & press ! pat* firmly 9 place4 ,aga9 apply ! solution to make coat+ ov] ! pat*1 & all[ to dry till x w n /ick to ! f+]4 ,d n use = sev]al days4 ,crack$ rubb] goods may be #fba successfully m5d$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,be=e pat*+1 ! crack$ surfaces to unite well mu/ be dri$1 entirely fre$ f all dirt & du/ & greas$ well1 o!rwise ! surfaces w n comb9e4 ,9 case ( a cov]1 wat]pro( coat1 or rubb] boots1 etc41 take a mod]ately ?ick piece ( india rubb]1 suit$ to size ( ! object1 cut (f ! edges obliquely ) a %>p knife moi/5$ 9 wat]1 coat ! defective places z well z ! cut pieces ( rubb] ) oil ( turp5t9e1 lay ! coat$ p>ts toge!r & subject !m = #bd h\rs to a mod]ate pressure4 ,! m5d$ portions w be j z wat]pro( z ! :ole "o4 ,rubb] cu%ions or articles conta9+ air are repair$ 9 a v simple mann]1 aft] be+ clean$ z a=esaid4 ,!n take colophony1 dissolve x 9 alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 s t a ?ick pa/e =ms1 sme> up ! holes1 all[ all to h>d5 well1 & ! rubb] article1 pill[1 ball1 knee caps1 etc41 may be us$ aga94 ,s(t5+ ,rubb]4--,! h>d5+ ( gum articles is g5]ally ref]able to ^! hav+ be5 kept = a long "t 9 "s w>m1 dry place1 ?\gh keep+ !m 9 ! cold w produce ! same effect4 ,h>dness & brittl5ess1 "u any reasonable c>e & conditions1 are usually signs ( an inf]ior article ( goods4 ,articles ( ,p>a rubb]1 ( good workman%ip1 usually ma9ta9 _! ela/icity = a v long "t4 ,be=e attempt+ to s(t5 holl[ rubb] w>e1 su* z flasks1 wat] bags1 or bottles1 etc41 !y %\ld be well scrubb$ ) a wire bru% 7bottle clean]7 & w>m wat]1 s z to remove all dirt & du/4 ,?is scrubb+ %\ld be cont9u$ until ! wa% wat] comes away clean & bright4 ,= s(t5+1 ! be/ ag5t is dilute wat] ( ammonia1 prep>$ by mix+ ph>macopial ammonia wat]1 #a "p1 & wat]1 #b p>ts4 ,!re %\ld be en\gh ( ?is to cov] ! articles1 inside & out4 ,let !m rema9 9 ! mixture until ! ammonia has evaporat$4 ,w>m wat] works bett] ?an cold4 ,f #a to #b h\rs w be long en\gh1 z a usual ?+4 ,?ick & massive articles su* z l>ge rubb] tub+1 require m en]getic treatm5t1 & ! j\rnal recomm5ds = ! treatm5t ( ^! t !y be fill$ ne>ly full ) ! ammonia mixture1 cork$ at bo? ends1 & coil$ up 9 a kettle1 or o!r vessel1 ( suffici5t size1 w>m wat] p\r$ 9 suffici5t to cov] ! coil completely1 & lightly boil$ = f #a to #b h\rs4 ,! wat] lo/ by evaporation %\ld be replac$ f "t to "t1 & ! vessel %\ld nev] be all[$ to boil viol5tly4 ,:5 ! prop] "t has arriv$ 7& ?is mu/ be le>n$1 x appe>s1 by exp]i5ce1 z ! article quot$ gives no directions save ^? translat$71 remove f ! fire1 & all[ to cool gradually4 ,glyc]9e has be5 also recomm5d$1 & x may be us$ ) advantage 9 c]ta9 cases4 ,! articles mu/ fir/ be clean$ ) ! bru% & w>m wat]1 z above detail$4 ,heat !m 9 wat] & rub !m ) a wad ( cotton soak$ 9 glyc]9e1 draw+ ! wad ov] !m1 backw>ds & =w>ds4 ,?is wad %\ld be wrapp$ ) good /\t wire1 ! ends ( :i* are prolong$1 to s]ve z a h&le4 ,:]e possible ! articles %\ld be /rick5 ) ! glyc]9e inside & out1 ! article be+1 naturally1 held out ( ! boil+ wat]1 suffici5tly1 at lea/1 to make b>e ! "p be+ rubb$ at ! "t4 ,let re/ = #bd h\rs1 & repeat ?is process4 ,) goods kept 9 /ock1 t %[ a t5d5cy to gr[ brittle1 ?is treatm5t %\ld be repeat$ e #f mon?s or (t5]4 ,nev] put away tub+1 etc41 treat$ 9 ?is mann] until e p>ticle ( moi/ure has dra9$ (f or evaporat$4 ,ano!r au?ority1 ,zeigl]1 has ! foll[+ on ?is subject3 ,tub+1 b&s1 & o!r articles ( vulcaniz$ ca\t*\c t h become brittle & useless1 may be re/or$ to usefulness1 inde$1 to _! pri/9e ela/icity1 by treat+ !m z foll[s3 ,fir/1 put !m 9 a hot aque\s solution ( tannic acid & t>t> emetic4 ,next1 transf] !m to a cold aque\s solution ( tannic acid & calcium sulphate4 ,mix ! two solutions & heat to ab\t ! boil+ po9t1 & transf] ! articles to ! hot solution4 ,?is treatm5t %\ld be ma9ta9$ f #a day to #c or #d1 accord+ to ! nature & condition ( ! articles4 ,to re/ore rubb] /opp]s t h become too h>d = usefulness1 dige/ !m 9 #e p] c5t soda lye = ab\t #aj days at #hf to #ajd ,f41 replac+ ! lye repeat$ly4 ,next1 wa% ! /opp]s 9 wat] & scrape (f ! s(t5$ out] lay] ) a knife1 until no m c be remov$4 ,! /opp]s 7:i* h become q s(t & ela/ic aga97 are next r9s$ 9 w>m wat] to remove ! cau/ic soda4 ,if x is desir$ to trim !m x %\ld be done ) a knife moi/5$ ) soap _s4 ,treatm5t & ,utilization ( ,rubb] ,scraps4--,! scraps1 assort$ accord+ #fbb to _! composition1 are fir/ clean$ by boil+ to remove ! adh]+ dirt1 absorb$ & adh]+ acids1 salts1 etc41 z well z to elim9ate ! free sulphur4 ,next1 ! wa/e is gr\nd betwe5 roll]s & r$uc$ to p[d] 9 em]y gr9d]s ) automatic fe$+4 ,9 _m cases ! mat]ial obta9$ may be add$ at once dry to ! mixture1 b g5]ally x fir/ receives a *emical treatm5t4 ,?is is c>ri$ out by boil+ 9 cau/ic soda solution1 or sulphuric or hydro*loric acid respectively1 & /eam+ = ab\t #bj h\rs ) #d atmosph]es pressure4 ,accord+ to ano!r me?od1 ! gr\nd scraps are /eam$ ) soda lye "u pressure1 wa%$ twice ?or\ghly = ! elim9ation ( ! lye1 & dri$ 9 ! vacuum4 ,subsequ5tly mix betwe5 cold roll]s ) #e to #aj p] c5t ( b5zol or m9]al oil & /eam = "s h\rs "u hydraulic pressure at #d atmosph]es4 ,! product ?us obta9$ is roll$ 9 plates & add$ to ! mixture4 ,! f9ely gr\nd dry wa/e mu/ n be /or$ = a long "t 9 l>ge quantities1 z x h>d5s v easily & takes fire4 ,old articles ( vulcaniz$ rubb] are fir/ 8devulcaniz$0 by gr9d+1 boil+ ) cau/ic soda1 & wa%+ ?or\ghly4 ,aft] dry+1 ! scraps are heat$ to #cjb ,f4 ) l9se$ oil 9 a kettle provid$ ) /irr+ me*anism :i* is kept 9 cont9ual motion4 ,:5 ! rubb] has dissolv$1 a quantity ( natural or coal-t> asphalt is add$1 & z soon z ! cont5ts ( ! kettle h become well mix$1 ! temp]ature is rais$ s high t d5se fumes beg9 to rise & air is =c$ ?r\gh ! mass until a cool$ sample %[s ! desir$ consi/5ce4 ,?is composition be+ v t\gh & flexible1 =ms an excell5t cov]+ = electric cables4 ,x f9ds _m o!r uses1 ! proportions ( rubb]1 asphalt1 & oil be+ v>i$ 9 accordance ) ! purpose = :i* x is design$4 ,vulcanization4--,besides ! ,goodye>1 ,mason1 & o!r pat5t$ processes1 ! process n[ usually foll[$ 9 vulcaniz+ rubb] /amps & simil> small objects ( rubb]1 is z foll[s3 ,sulphur *loride is dissolv$ 9 c>bon disulphide 9 v>i\s proportions1 accord+ to ! degree ( h>dness ! vulcaniz$ object is to receive2 ! rubb] ca/ is plung$ 9 ! solution & left !re f #fj to #gj seconds4 ,on remov+1 x is plac$ 9 a box or space w>m$ to #hj ,f41 & left long en\gh = ! c>bon disulphide to evaporate1 or ab\t #ij to #ajj seconds4 ,x is !n wa%$ 9 a weakly alkal9e ba? ( wat]1 & dri$4 ,ano!r me?od 7recomm5d$ by ,g]>d7 dep5ds ^u lett+ ! rubb] lie 9 a solution ( potassium t] or p5ta sulphide1 ( #be ,b41 heat$ to ab\t #bhj ,f4 = #c h\rs4 ,te/+ ,rubb] ,gloves4--,9 te/+ rubb] gloves x is be/ to inflate !m ) air1 & !n put !m "u wat]4 ,?us "o may discov] _m small holes 9 new ones :i* o!rwise w\ld h be5 impossible to f9d4 ,dissolv+ ,old ,rubb]4--,! mat]ial is %r$d$ f9ely & !n heat$1 "u pressure1 = sev]al h\rs1 ) a /rong solution ( cau/ic soda4 ,all clo?1 pa9t1 glue1 fill]s1 etc41 9 ! rubb] are dis9tegrat$1 b ! rubb] is n affect$4 ,! mass is !n wa%$ repeat$ly ) wat]1 to remove all alkali1 & ! resultant pure rubb] may !n be =m$ into %eets4 ,rubb] ,/amps4--,set up ! desir$ "n & address 9 common type1 oil ! type & place a gu>d ab\t #a_/b in* high ar\nd ! =m4 ,mix pla/] ( ,p>is to ! prop] consi/5ce1 p\r 9 & all[ x to set4 ,h ! vulcaniz$ rubb] all ready1 z made 9 long /rips #c in*es wide & #a_/h ( an in* ?ick1 cut (f ! size ( ! int5d$ /amp1 remove ! pla/] ca/ f ! type1 & place bo? ! ca/ & ! rubb] 9 a screw press1 apply+ suffici5t heat to ?or\ghly s(t5 ! rubb]4 ,!n turn d[n ! screw h>d & let x rema9 until ! rubb] receives ! exact impression ( ! ca/ & becomes cold1 :5 x is remov$1 neatly trimm$ ) a %>p knife1 & cem5t$ to ! h&le ready = use4 ,,rubb] ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,rubb] ,,gloves1 ,,sub/itute ,,=3 ,see ,antiseptics4 ,,rubb]1 ,,its ,,prop]ties ,,& ,,uses ,,9 ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,rubb] ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,ruby ,,sett+s3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,ruoltz ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,rum1 ,,bay3 ,see ,bay ,rum4 #fbc ,ru/ ,prev5tives 7,see also ,enamels1 ,glazes1 ,pa9ts1 ,v>ni%es1 ,wat]pro(+47 ,9 spite ( ! num]\s endeavors to protect metal objects f oxidation1 a ?or\ghly satisfactory process has n yet be5 f\nd1 & we /ill h to resort to coat+s & embrocations4 ,by cov]+ ! metals ) a pale1 colorless l9se$-oil v>ni%1 a fat or _s lacqu]1 an unfail+ protection aga9/ oxidation is obta9$4 ,?is me?od1 ?\gh frequ5tly employ$1 h[ev]1 is too labori\s & exp5sive to admit ( g5]al use1 & in/ead we frequ5tly see employ$ ord9>y or specially compos$ greases1 especially = scy!s1 /raw-knives1 & _m o!r bright iron goods4 ,^! greases are n suit$ to ret>d oxidation1 = !y are )\t exception acid-react+ bodies1 :i* absorb oxyg5 9 ! air & "u ! action ( light1 ?us r assi/+ oxidation ?an ret>d+ x4 ,a cov]+ ( wax dissolv$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e w\ld be m recomm5dable1 because wax is an imp]vi\s body1 & a firm & r h>d lay] rema9s aft] evaporation ( ! oil ( turp5t9e1 :i* excludes ! air4 ,if ! treatm5t ) ! wax salve is c>efully att5d$ to no o!r objection c be urg$ aga9/ ?is pres]v+ ag5t ?an t x is likewise comp>atively exp5sive if us$ 9 l>ge quantities4 ,z reg>ds ! greases1 & treatm5t ) petroleum or vasel9e1 ! easy attrition ( ^! sub/ances is ano!r drawback1 :i* makes a la/+ protection impossible4 ,accord+ to ,%$lok1 ca/-iron articles are treat$ ) acids1 !n expos$ to ! action ( /eam1 hot or cold wat]1 & dri$4 ,! receptacle is exhau/$ ( air & a solution ( pit*1 ros91 rubb]1 or ca\t*\c1 appli$ "u pressure4 ,objects prep>$ 9 ?is mann] are said to be imp]vi\s ev5 to weak acids4 ,! inoxidiz+ process ( ,w>d is f\nd$ on ! simultane\s employm5t ( silicates & heat4 ,! ca/ iron or wr\ght iron are coat$ ) a silice\s mass by means ( a bru% or by imm]sion4 ,?is cov]+ dries quickly1 becomes liquid :5 ! articles are expos$ to a suitable heat1 & soaks into ! pores ( ! metal1 =m+ a d5se & uni=m coat ( dull black color aft] cool+1 :i* is n *ang$ by long-cont9u$ influ5ce ( ! atmosph]e1 & :i* nei!r scales nor peels f ! object4 ,by ! admixture ( glass color+ matt]s to ! silice\s mass1 decorat$ surfaces may be produc$4 ,ano!r inoxidation process = ca/ iron is ! foll[+3 ,! ca/-iron objects1 su* z :ole gas *&eli]s1 wat] pipes1 ornam5ts1 balcony rail+s1 cook+ vessels1 etc41 are laid ^u an iron slid+ c>riage #c4e met]s long & are expos$ 9 a flame furnace ( special con/ruction fir/ #ae m9utes to ! influ5ce ( gas g5]ators ) oxidiz+ action1 !n #bj m9utes to su* ) r$uc+ action4 ,aft] be+ drawn out & cool$ (f ! inoxidiz$ pieces take on a uni=m slate-blue %ade ( color1 b c be enamel$ & ornam5t$ 9 any mann] desir$4 ,9 apply+ ! enamel ! corrod+ ) acid is obviat$1 = :i* reason ! enamel /&s exce$+ly well4 ,a bronze-color$ oxide coat+ :i* )/&s outw>d influ5ces fairly well1 is produc$ z foll[s3 ,! brightly poli%$ & degreas$ objects are expos$ f #b to #e m9utes to ! vapors ( a heat$ mixture ( conc5trat$ hydro*loric acid & nitric acid 7#a3a7 until ! bronze color becomes visible on ! articles4 ,aft] ^! h be5 rubb$ well ) vasel9e1 heat once m until ! vasel9e comm5ces to decompose4 ,aft] cool+1 ! object is sme>$ well ) vasel9e4 ,if vapors ( a mixture ( conc5trat$ hydro*loric acid & nitric acid are all[$ to act on ! iron object1 light r$di%-br[n %ades are obta9$1 b if acetic acid is add$ to ! above nam$ two acids1 oxide coat+s ( a bronze-yell[ color c be obta9$ by ! means ( ! vapors4 ,by ! use ( diff]5t mixtures ( acids any numb] ( diff]5t color+s c be produc$4 8,emaille de f] contre-oxide0 is ! "n ( an enamel :i* is said to protect iron pipes *eaply4 ,! enamel is compos$ z foll[s3 ,"o hundr$ & ?irty p>ts p[d]$ cry/al glass1 #bj4e p>ts soda1 #ab p>ts boracic acid4 ,^! sub/ances mix$ 9 ! mo/ c>eful mann] are melt$ toge!r 9 crucibles1 ! mass is *ill$ & trans=m$ into a f9e p[d] by cru%+ & gr9d+4 ,! iron pipes & o!r objects ( iron are fir/ clean$ 9 ! usual mann] by corrod+1 dri$ & !n coat$ ) a v dilute gum arabic solution or any o!r glu+ ag5t1 & ! p[d]$ mass is spread ov] !m by means ( a sieve4 ,! objects ?us p[d]$ are put 9 a room :i* is heat$ to #afj ,c4 to drive out all moi/ure & are heat$ #fbd to d>k r$ness1 at :i* temp]ature ! oxide coat+ melts4 ,^? processes1 :i* produce a black protoxide lay] on ! iron by heat+ iron objects 9 sup]saturat$ aque\s vapor1 h n /ood ! te/1 z ! lay] =m$ w drop (f or peel (f aft] a %ort "t1 ?us op5+ ! way = ru/ aft] all4 ,! anti-ru/ composition call$ rubb] oil is prep>$ z foll[s1 accord+ to ! specification ( ! pat5t3 ,! crude oil obta9$ by ! dry di/illation ( br[n oil1 peat & o!r e>?y sub/ances is subject$ to a fur!r di/illation4 ,?9ly roll$ ,india rubb]1 cut 9 n>r[ /rips1 is saturat$ ) f\r times ! bulk ( ! oil & left alone = a week or s4 ,! mass ?us compos$ is !n subject$ to ! action ( m9]al sp]m oil or a simil> sub/ance1 until an entirely uni=m cle> sub/ance has =m$4 ,?is sub/ance1 :i* is appli$ on ! metallic surfaces 9 z ?9 a lay] z possible1 =ms a sort ( film aft] sl[ly dry+1 :i* is p]fectly pro( aga9/ atmosph]ic influ5ces4 ,! ru/-prev5tive composition ( ,jones ,co41 ,%effield1 is a composition ( wax1 fat1 turp5t9e1 & small quantities ( iron oxide4 ,accord+ to a process pat5t$ by ,a4 ,bu*n] 9 ,g]many1 ! iron objects are fir/ pa9t$ ) a mixture ( an alkal9e glue solution & ros9 soap4 ,! alkal9e mass ent]s all ! pores & fissures & prev5ts ! ru/ f ext5d+ "u ! coat+4 ,aft] ! fir/ coat is dry a second "o is appli$ ( ! foll[+ composition3 ,five p>ts l9se$ oil boil$ ) p]oxide ( manganese2 #b4be p>ts turp5t9e2 #j4be p>ts b5zol2 #bj p>ts z9c du/1 c>bonate ( calcium1 lead oxide1 or p]oxide ( manganese4 ,! mix+ ( ! liquid ) ! p[d]s mu/ be done imm$iately be=e use1 z ! mass solidifies aft] #aj h\rs1 & is !n no long] ( work+ consi/5cy4 ,! second coat+1 :i* %\ld only be ?91 h>d5s quickly4 ,! pa9t is wea!rpro(1 does n peel (f or bli/]1 & adh]es s firmly t x c only be remov$ ) me*anical means4 ,a pat5t$ process to prev5t ru/+ ( wr\ght or ca/ iron consi/s 9 apply+ ) a bru% a /rong solution ( potassium di*romate & dry+ 9 a /ove or ov] an op5 fire4 ,dry+ at ord9>y temp]ature is n suffici5t4 ,to asc]ta9 if ! heat is /rong en\gh ! iron is moi/5$ ) a little wat]4 ,s long z ?is takes up any color ! heat mu/ be increas$4 ,:5 ! prop] degree ( heat is rea*$ a f9e deep black lay] results1 :i* is n act$ ^u by wat]1 & protects ! surface f ! action ( ! atmosph]e4 ,a p]man5t lu/r\s ru/ prev5tive is secur$ z foll[s3 ,! well-clean$ iron p>ts are susp5d$ = a few m9utes 9 a blue vitriol solution1 s t a delicate sk9 ( copp] =ms on ! surface2 if ! pieces r9s$ (f ) wat] are !n mov$ ab\t = a few m9utes 9 a solution ( sodium hyposulphite fa9tly acidulat$ ) hydro*loric acid1 !y assume a blue-black coat+ ( copp] sulphide1 :i* is equally p]man5t 9 air & 9 wat]4 ,! black surface may be imm$iately r9s$ ) wat]1 dri$ ) a rag or blott+ pap]1 & poli%$ at once4 ,x possesses a /eel-blue lu/]1 adh]es well to ! iron1 w /& treatm5t ) ! scrat* bru%1 & protects aga9/ ru/ 9 a mo/ satisfactory mann]4 ,black ,%eet ,ru/ ,prev5tive4--,be=e black plate is ready to receive a ru/ protective coat+1 x is necess>y to r5d] ! surface free f grease & scales1 = :i* purpose ! %eet iron is plac$ = "s "t into a w>m$ solution ( #aj p>ts ( sulphuric acid 9 #ajj p>ts ( wat]1 :]eby ! impurities become deta*$1 a process :i* may be assi/$ & accel]at$ by sc\r+ ) s&4 ,!n r9se 9 clean wat] & rub dry 9 sawdu/4 ,! %eets ?us prep>$ are plac$ = a %ort :ile into a feeble solution ( blue vitriol1 :]e !y assume a r$di% color+4 ,next1 !y are r9s$ 9 wat]1 & aft] t mov$ to & fro1 = a %ort "t1 9 a feeble solution ( hyposulphite ( soda acidulat$ ) a little hydro*loric acid4 ,! result is a d>k-blue coat+ on ! %eets1 :i* prev5ts all oxidation4 ,to ,keep ,ma*9]y ,bright4--,i4--,9 ord] to keep ma*9]y f ru/+ take #a ounce ( camphor1 dissolve x 9 #a p\nd ( melt$ l>d2 take (f ! scum1 & mix z mu* f9e black lead z w give x iron color4 ,clean ! ma*9]y & sme> x ) ?is mixture4 ,aft] #bd h\rs1 rub clean ) s(t l95 clo?4 ,x w keep clean = mon?s "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,,ii4--,ma/ic1 transp>5t gra9s #aj p>ts ,camphor #e p>ts ,s&>ac #e p>ts ,gum elemi #e p>ts ,alcohol1 wood1 quantity suffici5t to dissolve4 #fbe ,mix & cov] ! articles ) ! solution4 ,! latt] w take ! lacqu] bett] if w>m$ slightly1 b may be easily cov]$ 9 ! cold1 if necess>y4 ,magnetic ,oxide4--,a lay] ( magnetic oxide is a good pres]vative f ru/4 ,to obta9 x ! objects are plac$ 9 ! furnace at a temp]ature suffici5t = decompos+ /eam4 ,/eam sup]heat$ to #a1jdj ,f4 is !n inject$ = f #d to #f h\rs4 ,! ?ickness ( ! lay] ( oxide =m$ v>ies ) ! duration ( ! op]ation4 ,?is process c replace z9c+1 enamel+1 & t9n+4 ,! deposit ( magnetic oxide may also be obta9$ by electrolysis4 ,! iron object is plac$ at ! anode 9 a ba? ( di/ill$ wat] heat$ to #agf ,f4 ,! ca?ode is a copp] plate1 or ! vessel itself1 if x is ( iron or copp]4 ,by electrolysis a lay] ( magnetic oxide is =m$4 ,o!r p]oxides may be deposit$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,) an alkal9e solution ( li?>ge1 a v adh]5t1 brilliant1 black deposit ( p]oxide ( lead is secur$4 ,too en]getic a curr5t mu/ be avoid$1 z x w\ld cause a pulv]ul5t deposit4 ,to obta9 a good coat+ x is necess>y1 aft] putt+ ! objects = a mom5t at ! positive pole1 to place !m at ! o!r pole until ! oxide is completely r$uc$1 & !n br+ !m back to _! fir/ position4 ,pap] z ,protection = ,iron & ,/eel4--,t p>aff9e pap] is a v good protector ( iron & /eel has be5 prov5 by te/s conduct$ by ,l\is ,h4 ,b>k] = ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad4 ,! mode ( apply+ ! p>aff9e pap] is z foll[s3 ,aft] ! ru/ is c>efully clean$ (f by means ( /iff wire bru%es1 a tacky pa9t is appli$4 ,! pap] is !n cov]$ ov] & tightly press$ ^u ! pa9t$ surface1 ! jo9ts ( ! pap] slightly lapp+4 ,z soon z ! pap] is 9 place x is ready = ! outside coat ( pa9t4 ,iron & /eel gird]s & beams subject$ to ! action ( smoke & gases may ?us be admirably protect$ f decomposition4 ,anti-,ru/ ,pap] = ,ne$les4--,?is is pap] cov]$ ) logwood1 & prep>$ f a mat]ial to :i* f9e graphite p[d] has be5 add$1 & :i* has be5 siz$ ) glue & alum4 ,x is us$ = wrapp+ ar\nd /eel goods1 su* z sew+ ne$les1 etc41 & protect+ !m aga9/ ru/4 ,accord+ to ,lake1 ! pap] is treat$ ) sulphuric acid1 l vegetable p>*m5t1 ! graphite be+ spr9kl$ on be=e ! pap] is put into ! wat]4 ,ru/ ,pap]4--,ru/ pap] is produc$ by coat+ /rong pack+ pap] ) l9se$-oil v>ni%1 size1 or any o!r b9d]1 & spr9kl+ on ! p[d] giv5 9 previ\s =mula4 ,= use ! pap] mu/ be moi/5$ ) petroleum4 ,anti-,ru/ ,pa/es4--,i4--,?is prep>ation s]ves = remov+ ru/ already pres5t1 z well z = prev5t+ same1 by greas+ ! article ) x3 ,melt #e p>ts ( crude vasel9e on ! wat] ba?1 & mix ) #e p>ts ( f9ely levigat$ p[d]$ pumice /one into a uni=m mass4 ,to ! half-way cool$ mass add #a_/b "p ( crude acid oxalate ( potassium 7sorrel salt7 9 a f9ely p[d]$ /ate & gr9d into complete homog5eity4 ,,ii4--,dry tall[1 #be p>ts2 :ite wax1 #bc p>ts2 olive oil1 #bb p>ts2 oil ( turp5t9e1 #be p>ts2 m9]al oil1 #aj p>ts4 ,apply ) a bru% at ! fus+ temp]ature ( ! mixture4 ,ru/ ,prev5tion = ,iron ,pipes4--,! pieces ( pipe are coat$ ) t> & fill$ ) light wood sawdu/1 :i* is set afire4 ,?is me?od w fully protect ! iron f ru/ = an unlimit$ p]iod1 r5d]+ a subsequ5t coat altoge!r sup]flu\s4 ,ru/ ,prev5tive = ,tools1 etc4--,i4--,to pres]ve tools1 dies1 etc41 f ru/1 !y %\ld be greas$ well ) yell[ vasel9e4 ,to use oil is n advisable1 s9ce all oils1 except ! de> ones1 :i* are too exp5sive = ?is purpose1 conta9 a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( acid t has an injuri\s effect ^u ! /eel & iron articles4 ,= greas+ ! cavities use a h>d bru%4 ,,ii4--,c>efully heat b5z9e & add half its weight ( :ite wax1 :i* dissolves completely 9 ?is ratio4 ,?is solution is appli$ to ! tools by means ( a bru%4 ,x is also said to protect aga9/ ! action ( acidif]\s fumes4 ,,iii4--,take a p\nd ( vasel9e & melt ) x #b ounces ( blue o9tm5t--:at druggi/s call "o-?ird--& add1 to give x a pleasant odor1 a few drops ( oil ( w9t]gre51 c9namon1 or sassafras4 ,:5 ?or\ghly mix$ p\r into a t9 c--an old bak+-p[d] c w d4 ,keep a rag saturat$ ) ! prev5tive to wipe tools t are liable to ru/4 ,to ,sep>ate ,ru/y ,pieces4--,by boil+ ! objects 9 petroleum1 success is #fbf c]ta94 ,x is necess>y to treat !m ) alcohol or _s to avoid subsequ5t oxidation1 petroleum be+ 9 itself an oxidant4 ,to ,protect ,z9c ,ro(+ f ,ru/4--,z9c %eets = ro(+ c easily be protect$ aga9/ ru/ by ! foll[+ simple process4 ,clean ! plates by imm]s+ !m 9 wat] to :i* #e p] c5t ( sulphuric acid has be5 add$1 !n wa% ) pure wat]1 all[ to dry & coat ) asphalt v>ni%4 ,asphalt v>ni% is prep>$ by dissolv+ #a to #b p>ts asphalt 9 #aj p>ts b5z9e2 ! solution %\ld be p\r$ ev5ly ov] ! plates1 & ! latt] plac$ 9 an upright position to dry4 ,,ru/ ,,spot ,,remov]3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,sac*>9e ,,9 ,,food3 ,see ,food4 ,,saddle ,,galls3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,saddle ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,salam&r9e ,,dess]t3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,salicyl 7,,sweet73 ,see ,d5tifrices4 ,,salicylic ,,acid ,,9 ,,food3 ,see ,foods4 ,,salicylic ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,salts1 ,eff]vesc5t ,granulat$ eff]vesc5t salts are produc$ by heat+ mixtures ( p[d]$ citric acid1 t>t>ic acid1 sodium bic>bonate1 & sug> to a c]ta9 temp]ature1 until !y assume ! consi/5cy ( a pa/e1 :i* is !n granulat$ & dri$4 ,if eff]vesc5t caffe9e citrate1 anti-pyr91 li?ium citrate1 etc41 are to be prep>$1 ! p[d] ne$ n be dri$ be=e effect+ ! mixture1 b if sodium phosphate1 sodium sulphate1 or magnesium sulphate are to be granulat$1 ! wat] ( cry/allization mu/ fir/ be remov$ by dry+1 o!rwise a h>d1 insoluble & absolutely non-granulable mass w be obta9$4 ,sodium phosphate mu/ lose #fj p] c5t ( its weight 9 dry+1 sodium sulphate #ef p] c5t1 & magnesium sulphate #bc p] c5t4 ,naturally1 wat] & c>bonic acid escape on heat+1 & ! loss w increase ) ! rise ( temp]ature4 ,= ! production ( ! granulation mass x mu/ n exce$ #aeh ,f41 & = dry+ ! gra9s a temp]ature ( #abb ,f4 is suffici5t4 ,! f95ess ( ! me% %\ld v>y accord+ to ! necess>y admixture ( sug> & ! size ( ! gra9s4 ,if ! +r$i5ts %\ld h a t5d5cy to cl+ to ! w>m bottom1 an ef=t %\ld be made imm$iately ^u ! comm5cem5t ( ! reaction to cause a new portion ( ! surface to come 9 contact ) ! hot walls4 ,:5 ! mass is ( ! consi/5cy ( pa/e x is press$ ?r\gh a wire sieve1 pap] or a fabric be+ plac$ und]nea?4 ,aft]w>ds dry at suffici5t heat4 ,= :olesale manufacture1 surfaces ( l>ge size are employ$1 :i* are heat$ by /eam4 ,9 ! production ( sub/ances conta9+ alkaloids1 antipyr91 etc41 c>e mu/ be tak5 t !y d n become color$4 ,x is well1 !re=e1 n to use heat1 b to all[ ! mixture to /& 9 a moi/ condition = #ab h\rs1 add+ ! m$ic9al sub/ances aft]w>ds & knead+ ! :ole 9 a clay receptacle4 ,aft] ano!r #ab h\rs ! mass w h become suffici5tly pa/e-l1 s t x c be granulat$ z above4 ,accord+ to ano!r mu* employ$ me?od1 ! mass is cru%$ ) alcohol1 !n rubb$ ?r\gh a sieve1 & dri$ rapidly4 ,?is process is some:at de>]1 ow+ to ! great loss ( alcohol1 b pres5ts ! advantage ( furni%+ a bett] product ?an any o!r recipe4 ,eff]vesc5t magnesium citrate _c be v well made2 = ?is reason ! sulphate 0 us$ 9 lieu ( ! citrate4 ,a "p ( ! cu/om>y admixture ( sulphate is replac$ by sug> & aromatiz$ ) lemon or simil> sub/ances4 ,an excell5t granulation mass is obta9$ f ! foll[+ mixture by addition ( alcohol3 ,p>ts by weight ,sodium bic>bonate #cj ,t>t>ic acid #ae ,citric acid #ac ,sug> #cj ,! total loss ( ?is mass ?r\gh granulation am\nts to f #aj to #ae p] c5t4 ,to ?is mass1 m$ic9al sub/ances1 su* z antipyr91 caffe9e citrate1 li?ium citrate1 li?ium salicylate1 ph5acet91 pip]ac91 f]ric c>bonate1 & peps9 may be add$1 z desir$4 #fbg ,9 ord] to produce a qu99e prep>ation1 use t9cture ( qu99e in/ead ( alcohol = moi/5+2 ! qu99e t9cture is prep>$ ) alcohol ( #if p] c5t4 ,basis = ,eff]vesc5t ,salts4-- ,sodium bic>bonate1 dri$ & p[d]$ #ec p>ts ,t>t>ic acid1 dri$ & p[d]$ #bh p>ts ,citric acid1 uneffloresc$ cry/als #ah p>ts ,p[d] ! citric acid & add ! t>t>ic acid & sodium bic>bonate4 ,?is basis may be mix$ ) _m ( ! m$icam5ts commonly us$ 9 ! =m ( granul> eff]vesc5t salts1 9 ! proportion :i* w prop]ly repres5t _! doses & su* sub/ances z sodium phosphate1 magnesium sulphate1 citrat$ caffe9e1 potassium bromide1 li?ium citrate1 potassium citrate1 & o!rs1 w produce satisfactory products4 ,a typical =mula = eff]vesc5t sodium phosphate w\ld be z foll[s3 ,sodium phosphate1 uneffloresc$ cry/als #ejj p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate1 dri$ & p[d]$ #dgg p>ts ,t>t>ic acid1 dri$ & p[d]$ #beb p>ts ,citric acid1 uneffloresc$ cry/als #afb p>ts ,dry ! sodium phosphate on a wat] ba? until x ceases to lose weight2 aft] p[d]+ ! dri$ salt1 mix x intimately ) ! citric acid & t>t>ic acid1 !n ?or\ghly incorporate ! sodium bic>bonate4 ,! mix$ p[d]s are n[ ready = granulation4 ,! *ange 9 manipulation :i* is sugge/$ to replace t usually foll[$1 requires ei!r a gas /ove or a blue-flame coal-oil /ove1 & "o ( ! small t9 or %eet-iron ov5s :i* are s l>gely us$ ) ^! /oves4 ,! /ove itself w be f\nd 9 almo/ e drug /ore2 ! ov5 co/s f #a to #b4 ,! ov5 is heat$ to ab\t #bjj ,f4 7! use ( a !rmomet] is desirable at fir/1 b "o w quickly le>n h[ to regulate ! flame to produce ! desir$ temp]ature71 & ! previ\sly mix$ p[d]s are plac$ on1 pref]ably1 a glass plate1 :i* has be5 heat$ ) ! ov51 ab\t #a_/b p\nd be+ tak5 at a "t1 dep5d5t ^u ! size ( ! ov54 ,! door ( ! ov5 is n[ clos$ = ab\t "o m9ute1 &1 :5 op5$1 ! :ole mass w be f\nd to be uni=mly moi/ & ready to pass ?r\gh a suitable sieve1 ! be/ k9d & size be+ a t9n$ iron1 ,no4 #f4 ,?is moi/1 granul> p[d] may !n be plac$ ^u ! top ( ! ov51 :]e ! heat is q suffici5t to ?or\ghly dry ! granules1 & ! op]ator may proce$ imm$iately ) ! next lot ( mix$ p[d]1 easily granulat+ #aj or m p\nds )9 an h\r4 ,sug> has (t5 be5 propos$ z an addition to ^! salts1 b exp]i5ce has %[n t ! slight improvem5t 9 ta/e1 :i* is sometimes que/ion$1 does n (fset ! likelihood ( d>k5+1 :i* is apt to occur :5 ! salt is be+ heat$1 or ! *ange 9 color aft] x has be5 made sev]al mon?s4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t 9 mak+ a granul> eff]vesc5t salt by ! me?od :i* dep5ds ^u ! lib]ation ( wat] ( cry/allization1 a loss 9 weight1 am\nt+ to ab\t #aj p] c5t1 w be exp]i5c$4 ,?is is due1 9 "p1 to ! loss ( wat] :i* is driv5 (f1 & also to a trifl+ loss ( c>bon dioxide :5 ! p[d] is moi/5$4 ,,eff]vesc5t ,,p[d]s3 ,magnesian ,lemonade ,p[d]4-- ,f9e :ite sug> #b p\nds ,magnesium c>bonate #f ounces ,citric acid #d ounces ,ess5ce ( lemon #b dra*ms ,rub ! ess5ce into ! dry +r$i5ts1 "w well toge!r1 sift1 & bottle4 ,magnesian ,orgeat ,p[d]4-- ,f9e sug> #a p\nd ,c>bonate ( magnesia #c ounces ,citric acid #a ounce ,oil ( bitt] almonds #c drops ,vanilla flavor+1 quantity suffici5t4 ,?or\ghly amalgamate ! dry +r$i5ts4 ,rub 9 ! oil ( almonds & suffici5t ess5ce ( vanilla to give a slight flavor4 ,"w all well toge!r1 sift1 & bottle4 ,raspb]ryade ,p[d]4-- ,f9e sug> #b p\nds ,c>bonate ( soda #b ounces ,t>t>ic acid #b ounces ,ess5ce ( raspb]ry #d dra*ms ,c>m9e color+1 quantity suffici5t4 ,rub ! ess5ce well into ! sug>1 & mix ?is ) ! soda & acid4 ,!n "w 9 suffici5t liquid c>m9e to make ! p[d] pale r$1 sift ?r\gh a f9e sieve1 & pack 9 air-tight bottles4 #fbh ,ambrosia ,p[d]4-- ,f9e sug> #b p\nds ,c>bonate ( soda #ab dra*ms ,citric acid #aj dra*ms ,ess5ce ( ambrosia #bj drops ,amalgamate ! :ole ( ! above1 & aft]w>ds sift & bottle 9 ! usual mann]4 ,noyeau ,p[d]4-- ,f9e sug> #b p\nds ,c>bonate ( soda #ab dra*ms ,t>t>ic acid #aj dra*ms ,ess5ce ( ,noyeau #f drops ,aft] ! dry +r$i5ts h be5 mix$1 & ! ess5ce rubb$ into !m1 sift & bottle ! p[d]4 ,lemon ,%]bet4-- ,f9e sug> #i p\nds ,t>t>ic acid #dj ounces ,c>bonate ( soda #cf ounces ,oil ( lemon #b dra*ms ,hav+ ?or\ghly mix$ ! dry +r$i5ts1 add ! lemon1 rubb+ x well 9 betwe5 ! h&s2 !n sift ! :ole ?rice ?r\gh a f9e sieve1 & cork d[n tight4 ,z oil ( lemon is us$ 9 ?is recipe1 ! bl5d+ mu/ be q p]fect1 o!rwise :5 ! p[d] is put 9 wat] ! oil ( lemon w float4 ,any o!r flavor+ may be sub/itut$ = lemon1 & ! %]bet nam$ accord+ly4 ,cream ,soda ,p[d]4-- ,f9e sug> #cj p>ts ,t>t>ic acid #g p>ts ,c>bonate ( soda #f p>ts ,f9ely p[d]$ gum arabic #a "p ,vanilla flavor+1 quantity suffici5t4 ,proce$ exactly z = lemon %]bet4 ,kiss+5 ,salt4-- ,potassium *loride #ag p>ts ,sodium *loride #cfg p>ts ,magnesium sulphate 7dry7 #ei p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #ajg p>ts ,= ! prep>ation ( ,kiss+5 wat]1 dissolve #a4e grams 9 #ahj grams ( wat]4 ,vi*y ,salt4-- ,sodium bic>bonate #hdf p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #ch p>ts ,magnesium sulphate 7dry7 #ch p>ts ,sodium *loride #gg p>ts ,= mak+ ,vi*y wat] dissolve #a "p 9 #bjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,seidlitz ,salt4--,?is is "o ( ! _m old names = magnesium sulphate4 ,x has at v>i\s times be5 kn[n z ,seidlitz salt1 ,egra salt1 canal salt1 bitt] salt1 ca?>tic salt1 ,engli% salt1 & ,epsom salt4 ,its e>lie/ s\rce 0 f ! salt spr+s ( ,epsom 9 ,engl& & f ?is fact x took its la/ two names4 ,= a long "t sea-salt mak]s suppli$ ! m>kets ( ! _w4 ,!y procur$ x z a by-product 9 ! mak+ ( salt4 ,! bitt] wat] t rema9$ aft] ! table salt _h be5 cry/alliz$ out 0 f\nd to conta9 x4 ,n[ x is *iefly procur$ f su* m9]als z dolomite1 silice\s magnesium hydrate1 & s*i/ose rock conta9+ ! sulphide ( magnesia4 ,_m m$ical m5 deem x our be/ sal9e ca?>tic4 ,,salts1 ,,smell+4 ,i4--,moi/5 co>sely p[d]$ ammonium c>bonate ) a mixture ( ,/rong t9cture ( orris root #b #a_/b ounces ,extract ( violet #c dra*ms ,_s ( ammonia #a dra*m ,,ii4--,fill suitable bottles ) co>sely p[d]$ ammonium c>bonate1 & add to ! salt z mu* ( ! foll[+ solution z x w absorb3 ,oil ( orris #e m9ims ,oil ( lav5d] fl[]s #aj m9ims ,extract ( violet #cj m9ims ,/rong] wat] ( ammonia #b ounces ,,salves3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,s&3 ,color$ ,s&4--,sift f9e :ite s& f ! co>s] p>ticles & color x z foll[s3 ,i4--,blue4--,boil #ajf p>ts ( s& & #d ( ,b]l9 blue ) a small quantity ( wat]1 /irr+ con/antly1 & dry z soon z ! s& is ?or\ghly color$4 ,,ii4--,black ,s&4--,heat v f9e qu>tz s&1 previ\sly fre$ f du/ by sift+1 & add to e #a_/d p\nd ( x #f to #h spoonfuls ( fat4 ,cont9ue ! heat+ z long z smoke or a flame is obs]v$ on /irr+4 ,! s& is f9ally wa%$ & dri$4 ,?is black s& w n rub (f4 ,,iii4--,d>k-,br[n ,s&4--,boil :ite s& 9 a decoction ( brazil wood & dry x ov] a fire4 ,,iv4--,rose-color$ s& is obta9$ by mix+ #ajj p>ts ( :ite s& ) #d p>ts ( v]milion4 #fbi ,lawn ,s&4--,lawn s& may be prep>$ by mix+ crude ammonium sulphate1 #fe p>ts1 ) f9e s&1 #ce p>ts4 ,?is mixture w kill daisies & planta9s1 b does n p]man5tly injure ! grass ( lawns4 ,a mo/ effective me?od ( kill+ planta9s is to put1 dur+ dry wea!r1 a full teaspoonful ( common salt 9 ! head ( ea*4 ,,s& ,,holes ,,9 ,,brass3 ,see ,ca/+s4 ,,s& ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,s&/one ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,s&/one ,,coat+3 ,see ,acid-,pro(+4 ,,s&/ones1 ,,to ,,remove ,,oil ,,spots ,,f3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,s&1 ,,to ,,prev5t ,,adhesion ,,( ,,s& ,,to ,,ca/+s3 ,see ,ca/+s4 ,,s>sap>illa4 ,ea* fluid\nce ( ,ay]'s s>sap>illa repres5ts ,s>sap>illa root #aj p>ts ,yell[ dock root #h p>ts ,licorice root #h p>ts ,buck?orn b>k #d p>ts ,burdock root #c p>ts ,s5na leaves #b p>ts ,black coho% root #b p>ts ,/ill+ia root #d p>ts ,poke root #a "p ,c9*ona r$ b>k #b p>ts ,potassium iodide #d p>ts ,solv5t4--,alcohol1 #aj #a_/b m9ims to ea* fluidra*m2 glyc]91 syrup1 wat]4 ,?is is ! =mula z giv5 by ,dr4 ,*>les ,h4 ,/[ell1 ( ! ,ay] ,company1 to ! daily pap]s1 = adv]tis+ purposes4 ,s>sap>illa ,flavor+4-- ,oil w9t]gre5 #f p>ts ,oil sassafras #b p>ts ,oil cassia #a #a_/b p>ts ,oil clove #a #a_/b p>ts ,oil anise #a #a_/b p>ts ,alcohol #fj p>ts ,s>sap>illa ,syrup4-- ,simple syrup #dj ounces ,s>sap>illa flavor+ #a dra*m ,c>amel to color4 ,,s>sap>illa ,,extract3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,sauces1 ,,table3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,,sat9wood3 ,see ,wood4 ,,sausage ,,color3 ,see ,foods4 ,,sawdu/ ,,9 ,,bran3 ,see ,bran4 ,,sawdu/ ,,= ,,jewel]s ,,& ,,wat*mak]s3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,scald ,,head1 ,,soap ,,=3 ,see ,soap4 ,,scald ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,scale ,,= ,,photographic ,,r$uction3 ,see ,photography4 ,,scale ,,pan ,,clean]3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,scale ,,9 ,,boil]s3 ,see ,boil] ,comp\nds4 ,,scale ,,insects1 ,,ext]m9ation ,,(3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,scalp ,,wa%es3 ,see ,hair ,prep>ations4 ,,scissors ,,h>d5+3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,sc\r+ ,,liquids3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,scrat* ,,bru%+3 ,see ,plat+1 "u ,gild+4 ,,screws3 ,to ,prev5t ,screws f ,ru/+ & ,becom+ ,fa/4--,screws w sometimes ru/ 9 _! seats1 ev5 :5 c>efully oil$ be=e driv+ !m to _! seats1 b if !y are ano9t$ ) a mixture ( graphite & s(t tall[ !y w rema9 unru/$ & unalt]$ = ye>s4 ,a screw ru/$ 9 may also be remov$ by plac+ ! flat extremity ( a r$-hot rod ( iron on x = #b or #c m9utes4 ,:5 ! screw is heat$1 x w be f\nd to turn q easily4 ,,screws1 ,,blue+3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,screws ,,9 ,,wat*es3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 #fcj ,,seal+ 7,,burn+7 ,,trick3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,seal+ ,,wax3 ,see ,waxes4 ,,sea ,,sickness4 ,i4--,to prev5t sea sickness1 take #b or #c grams ( potassium bromide dissolv$ 9 pla9 or c>bonat$ wat] e ev5+ ei!r ) supp] or j be=e retir+ = sev]al weeks be=e go+ on ! voyage4 ,dur+ ! voyage1 brea?+ %\ld be deep & a tight b&age %\ld be worn ar\nd ! abdom54 ,,ii4--,m5?ol #j4a "p ,coca9e hydro*loride #j4b p>ts ,alcohol #fj4j p>ts ,syrup #cj4j p>ts ,a dess]tspoonful to be tak5 at int]vals ( half an h\r4 ,,season+s3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,,se$1 ,,bird3 ,see ,bird ,foods4 ,,se$s1 ,,te/s ,,= ,,=eign3 ,see ,foods4 ,,seidlitz ,,p[d]s3 ,see ,salts 7,eff]vesc5t74 ,,seltz] ,,wat]3 ,see ,wat]4 ,,s]p5ts1 ,,ph>aoh',s4 ,an old =m consi/$ ( pellets ( a v poison\s m]curial comp\nd :i* gave (f dang]\s fumes :5 heat$4 ,! 8eggs0 may be made ( comp>atively safe mat]ial by ! foll[+ =mula3 ,potassium bi*romate #b p>ts ,potassium nitrate #a "p ,:ite sug> #b p>ts ,p[d] ea* +r$i5t sep>ately1 mix1 & press into small pap] cones4 ,^! mu/ be kept f light & moi/ure4 ,( c\rse1 nei!r ?is nor o!r *emical toys conta9+ sub/ances 9 ! slighte/ degree h>mful if swall[$ %\ld be plac$ 9 ! h&s ( *ildr5 n old en\gh fully to und]/& ! dang] ( eat+ or ev5 ta/+ unkn[n ?+s4 ,,s]viettes ,,magiques3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,sett+ ,,( ,,tools3 ,see ,tool ,sett+4 ,,sew+-,,ma*9e ,,oil3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,%ampoo ,,lotions ,,& ,,pa/es3 ,see ,hair ,re/or]s & ,soaps4 ,,%>p5+ ,,pa/es3 ,see ,razor ,pa/es4 ,,%>p5+ ,,/ones3 ,see ,:et/ones4 ,,%av+ ,,pa/e4 ,an emulsion ( p>aff9e wax1 melt+ at #aca ,f41 %\ld be us$4 ,?is is prep>$ ) #be p] c5t ( wax & #b p] c5t ( tragacan?1 ! wax be+ melt$ & mix$ ) ! tragacan? previ\sly made into a mucilage ) "s ( ! wat]4 ,! addition ( a little /e>9e or l>d r5d]s ! emulsification ( ! wax easi]1 :ile ab\t #aj p] c5t ( alcohol makes ! prep>ation m agreeable to use4 ,! fatty odor ( ! prep>ation may be cov]$ by ! addition ( #a_/b to #a p] c5t ( lav5d] oil1 & ! f9i%$ product !n appe>s z a ?ick :ite cream4 ,9 use a small quantity is rubb$ ov] ! area to be %av$ & ! razor imm$iately appli$4 ,z ! wat] 9 ! emulsion evaporates1 ! p>ticles ( wax previ\sly di/ribut$ 9 ! emulsion become coh]5t & fill up ! depressions 9 ! surface ( ! sk9 f :i* ! hairs arise1 ?us =m+ a me*anical support dur+ ! passage ( ! razor4 ,! quantity requir$ is v small1 #a ounce be+ suffici5t = %av+ ! face ab\t #f times4 ,,%av+ ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,%eep-,,dips3 ,see ,dis9fectants4 ,,%eep ,,diseases3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,%ell ,,cameos4 ,if %ell cameos & corals h become too hot 9 cem5t+ & cracks h appe>$ 9 consequ5ce1 olive oil is appli$ & all[$ to soak 9 by heat+4 ,! same process is employ$ = %ell cameos :i* h develop$ :ite fissures1 ow+ to be+ fil$ small]4 ,,%ell1 ,,imitation ,,(3 ,see ,case9 ,comp\nds4 ,,%ells1 ,,lubricants ,,= ,,r$raw+3 ,see ,lubricants4 #fca ,,%ell ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,%ellac3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,%ellac ,,blea*+4 ,9 blea*+1 %ellac is br\ght into contact ) an acidifi$ solution ( *loride ( lime = "s "t1 !n wa%$1 knead$ 9 hot wat]1 plac$ back into ! *loride ( lime solution1 & bru%$4 ,?r\gh ?is treatm5t ) ! *loride ( lime solution ! blea*$ %ellac sometimes loses its solubility 9 alcohol1 :i*1 h[ev]1 c be re/or$ if ! %ellac is melt$ 9 boil+ wat]1 or if x is moi/5$ ) a little e!r 9 a well-clos$ vessel4 ,a quantity ( e!r 9 ! proportion ( #a "p to #bj p>ts %ellac is suffici5t4 ,great caution is recomm5d$ 9 ! h&l+ ( e!r4 ,! e!r vapors easily ignite :5 9 proximity to a burn+ light & a mixture ( e!r vapor & atmosph]ic air may cause mo/ vehem5t explosions4 ,aft] an action ( ! e!r ^u ! %ellac = sev]al h\rs1 ! alcohol necess>y to dissolve x may ei!r be add$ directly or ! %ellac moi/5$ ) e!r is plac$ 9 ! op5 air = half an h\r 9 a di%1 aft] :i* "t ! e!r w h evaporat$ & ! %ellac c !n be dissolv$ by ! use ( alcohol4 ,blea*$ %ellac is kn[n to lose its solubility 9 alcohol1 especially if treat$ ) *lor9e 9 blea*+4 ,?is solubility c be readily re/or$1 h[ev]1 by fir/ moi/5+ ! ros9 ) #a_/bj its weight ( e!r1 plac+ x 9 a clos$ vessel & all[+ x to swell !re4 ,%ellac ?us treat$ becomes p]fectly soluble aga94 ,,%ims ,,9 ,,eng9e ,,brasses4 ,9 tak+ up ! we> ( eng9e brasses on wri/ p9 or cros%ead p9 :5 ! key is driv5 cle> d[n1 back out ! key & in/ead ( putt+ 9 %eet-iron %ims1 put 9 a small piece ( p9e wood ( j ! "r ?ickness to all[ ! key to come ev5 ) ! "u side ( ! /rap1 !n p\r 9 melt$ babbitt4 ,a hole mu/ be drill$ ?r\gh ! flange ( ! brasses to all[ = p\r+ ! babbitt4 ,e eng9e] kn[s ! tr\ble x is to put sev]al %ims betwe5 ! brass box & ! end ( ! /rap1 especially if ! box is a r\nd-end "o1 z _m are4 ,by us+ ! me?od describ$1 brasses may be worn up mu* clos]1 ev5 if worn ?r\gh2 ! babbitt w =m "p ( ! be>+4 ,%oe ,dress+s 7,see also ,lea!r47 ,acid-,free ,black+4-- ,lampblack #bg-cf p>ts ,bone black #c p>ts ,syrup #fj-gj p>ts ,put 9 a kettle & "u g5tle heat /ir toge!r until a smoo?1 homog5e\s mass has be5 atta9$4 ,9 ano!r kettle put #c p>ts ( f9ely %r$d$ gutta p]*a & w>m ov] an op5 fire until x beg9s to run1 !n add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 #e p>ts ( olive oil1 cont9u+ ! heat until ! gum is completely dissolv$4 ,:5 ?is occurs dissolve 9 #a "p ( /e>9e1 & add ! :ole :ile /ill hot 9 a sl[ /ream1 & "u dilig5t & con/ant /irr+1 to ! mixture ( syrup & blacks4 ,cont9ue ! agitation ( ! mass until x is completely homog5e\s4 ,n[ dissolve #d p>ts ( ,s5egal gum 9 #ab p>ts ( wat]1 & add ! solution to ! =ego+ mass4 ,/ir well 9 & f9ally add suffici5t mirbane 7ab\t #a_/e "p7 to p]fume4 ,black+ ,pa/es4--,:ile %ellac is n soluble 9 wat] alone1 x is soluble 9 wat] c>ry+ borax1 ! alkal9e c>bonates1 etc4 ,9 pa/e black+ ! object ( ! sulphuric acid is to remove f ! bone black ! residual calcium phosphate4 ,! ord9>y bone black ( comm]ce consi/s ( only ab\t #aj p] c5t ( c>bon1 ! residue be+ *iefly calcium phosphate4 ,?is is ! reason t we _c obta9 a pure black color f x1 b a dirty br[n4 ,to make a good black+1 "o t is ( a black 9 color1 ei!r use purifi$ bone black1 or a m9]al acid 7sulphuric or hydro*loric acid7 ) crude bone black4 ,! residual acid is entirely neutraliz$ by ! sodium c>bonate & has no bad effect on ! lea!r4 ,! foll[+ =mula conta9s no acid & makes a good pa/e3 ,i4--,m>seilles soap #abb p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #fa p>ts ,beeswax #ejj p>ts ,wat] #b1jjj p>ts ,mix & boil toge!r ) occasional /irr+ until a smoo?1 homog5e\s pa/e is obta9$1 !n add1 a little at a "t1 & "u con/ant /irr+1 ! foll[+3 #fcb ,rock c&y1 p[d]$ #aec p>ts ,gum arabic1 p[d]$ #fa p>ts ,ivory black #a1jjj p>ts ,/ir until homog5e\s1 !n p\r1 :ile /ill hot1 into boxes4 ,! foll[+ makes a v brilliant & durable black poli% = %oes3 ,,ii4--,bone black #dj p>ts ,sulphuric acid #aj p>ts ,fi% oil #aj p>ts ,sodium c>bonate cry/al #ah p>ts ,sug>1 common br[n1 or molasses #bj p>ts ,liquid glue1 prep>$ z bel[ #bj p>ts ,wat]1 suffici5t4 ,soak #aj p>ts ( good :ite glue 9 #dj p>ts ( cold wat] = #d h\rs1 !n dissolve by ! application ( g5tle heat1 & add #a4h p>ts ( glyc]9e 7comm]cial74 ,set aside4 ,dissolve ! sodium c>bonate 9 suffici5t wat] to make a cold saturat$ solution 7ab\t #c p>ts ( wat] at #fj ,f471 & set aside4 ,9 an e>!nw>e vessel moi/5 ! bone black ) a v little wat]1 & /irr+ x ab\t ) a /ick1 add ! sulphuric acid1 sl[ly4 ,agitate until a ?ick d\gh-l mass is obta9$1 !n add & incorporate ! fi% oil4 ,any sort ( animal oil1 or ev5 colza w answ]1 b x is be/ to avoid high-smell+ oils4 ,add a little at a "t1 & "u vigor\s /irr+1 suffici5t ( ! saturat$ sodium c>bonate solution to cause eff]vesc5ce4 ,be c>eful n to add s freely z to liquefy ! mass4 ,/ir until eff]vesc5ce ceases1 !n add ! molasses or sug>1 ! fir/1 if a s(t1 damp pa/e is desir$1 & ! latt] if a dry] "o is want$4 ,f9ally1 add1 a little at a "t1 & "u con/ant /irr+1 suffici5t ( ! solution ( glue to make a pa/e ( ! desir$ consi/5cy4 ,! exact am\nt ( ?is la/ +r$i5t t is necess>y mu/ be le>n$ by exp]i5ce4 ,x is a v important factor1 z x gives ! f9i%$ product a dep? & brilliancy t x c\ld n o!rwise h1 z well z a c]ta9 durability1 9 :i* mo/ ( ! black+s n[ on ! m>ket are defici5t4 ,,iii4--,soap #abb p>ts ,potassium c>bonate #fa p>ts ,beeswax #ejj p>ts ,wat] #b1jjj p>ts ,mix & boil toge!r until a smoo?1 homog5e\s pa/e is obta9$1 !n add ,bone black #a1jjj p>ts ,p[d]$ sug> #aec p>ts ,p[d]$ gum arabic #fa p>ts ,mix ?or\ghly1 remove f ! fire1 & p\r :ile /ill hot into boxes4 ,boot-,top ,liquid4-- ,solution ( muriate ( t9 #c dra*ms ,fr5* *alk 79 p[d]7 #a ounce ,salt ( sorrel #a_/b ounce ,flake :ite #a ounce ,burnt alum #a_/b ounce ,cuttle-fi% bones 7p[d]$7 #a ounce ,:ite ars5ic #a ounce ,boil+ wat] #a qu>t ,br[n ,dress+ = ,untann$ ,%oes4-- ,yell[ wax #cj p>ts ,soap #ab p>ts ,nank9 yell[ #ae p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #ajj p>ts ,alcohol #ab p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,dissolve 9 ! wat] ba? ! wax 9 ! oil ( turp5t9e2 dissolve1 also by ! aid ( heat1 ! soap 9 ! wat]1 & ! ,nank9 yell[ 7or 9 place ( t any ( ! yell[ coal-t> colors7 9 ! alcohol4 ,mix ! solutions :ile hot1 & /ir con/antly until cold4 ,! prep>ation is sme>$ ov] ! %oes 9 ! usual way1 rubb$ ) a bru% until ev5ly di/ribut$1 & f9ally poli%$ ) an old silk or l95 clo?4 ,heel ,poli%4-- ,i4--,c>nauba wax #e p>ts ,japanese wax #e p>ts ,p>aff9e #e p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #ej p>ts ,lampblack #a "p ,w9e black #b p>ts ,melt ! wax & ! p>aff9e1 & :5 ?is has become lukew>m1 add ! turp5t9e oil1 & f9ally ! lampblack & ! w9e black4 ,:5 ! black color has become ev5ly di/ribut$1 p\r1 :ile /ill lukew>m1 into t9 cans4 ,,ii4--,melt toge!r ,japanese wax1 #ajj p>ts2 c>nauba wax1 #ajj p>ts2 p>aff9e1 #ajj p>ts2 & mix ) turp5t9e oil1 #ejj p>ts1 z well z a trituration ( lampblack1 #aj p>ts2 w9e black1 #bj p>ts2 turp5t9e oil1 #gj p>ts4 #fcc ,,liquid ,,black+s4 ,! foll[+ =mulas make a product ( excell5t quality3 ,i4--,ivory black #abj p>ts ,br[n sug> #ij p>ts ,olive oil #ae p>ts ,/ale be] #ejj p>ts ,mix ! black1 sug> & olive oil into a smoo? pa/e1 add+ ! be]1 a little at a "t1 "u con/ant /irr+4 ,let /& = #bd h\rs1 !n put into flasks1 lightly /opp]$4 ,,ii4--,ivory black #bjj p>ts ,molasses #bjj p>ts ,gallnuts1 bruis$ #ab p>ts ,iron sulphate #ab p>ts ,sulphuric acid #dj p>ts ,boil+ wat] #gjj p>ts ,mix ! molasses & ivory black 9 an e>!n vessel4 ,9 an iron vessel let ! gallnuts infuse 9 #ajj p>ts ( boil+ wat] = #a h\r1 !n /ra9 & set aside4 ,9 ano!r vessel dissolve ! iron sulphate2 9 ano!r1 #ajj p>ts ( ! boil+ wat]4 ,"o-half ( ?is solution is add$ at once to ! molasses mixture4 ,to ! rema9+ half add ! sulphuric acid1 & p\r ! mixture1 a little at a "t1 "u con/ant /irr+1 into ! e>!n vessel conta9+ ! molasses mixture4 ,! mass w swell up & ?ick51 b z soon z x comm5ces to subside1 add ! infusion ( gallnuts1 also "u vigor\s /irr+4 ,if a pa/e black+ is desir$ ! prep>ation is n[ complete4 ,= a liquid black add ! rema9+ portion ( ! boil+ wat] 7#ejj p>ts71 /ir ?or\ghly & bottle4 ,pat5t-,lea!r ,poli%4-- ,yell[ wax or c]es9e #c ounces ,sp]maceti #a ounce ,oil ( turp5t9e #aa ounces ,asphaltum v>ni% #a ounce ,borax #hj gra9s ,frank=t black #a ounce ,prussian blue #aej gra9s ,melt ! wax1 add ! borax1 & /ir until an emulsion has be5 =m$4 ,9 ano!r pan melt ! sp]maceti2 add ! v>ni%1 previ\sly mix$ ) ! turp5t9e2 /ir well & add to ! wax2 la/ly add ! colors4 ,pres]vatives = ,%oe ,soles4--,i4--,?is prep>ation1 de/9$ = impregnat+ lea!r %oe soles1 is produc$ z foll[s3 ,gr9d #ej p>ts ( l9se$ oil ) #a "p ( li?>ge2 next heat = #b h\rs to ! boil+ po9t ) #a_/d "p ( z9c vitriol1 :i* is previ\sly calc9$ 7dehydrat$74 ,! composition obta9$ 9 ?is mann]1 :5 p]fectly cold1 is mix$ ) #h p>ts ( b5z9e & fill$ 9 bottles or o!r receptacles4 ,to r5d] ?is pres]vative effective1 ! soles mu/ be coat$ ) x until ! lea!r absorbs x4 ,,ii4--,dissolve ord9>y h\sehold soap 9 wat]2 on ! o!r h&1 dissolve an alum9um salt--! *eape/ is ! comm]cial alum9um sulphate--9 wat] & all[ bo? solutions to cool4 ,n[ p\r ! alum9um salt solution1 ) con/ant /irr+1 into ! soap solution1 !reby obta9+ a v f9e precipitate ( alum9um oleate4 ,! wa%$-out residue is dri$ ) mod]ate heat4 ,by add+ #aj to #cj p] c5t to petroleum ) slight heat+1 a solid petroleum ( vasel9e-l consi/5cy is receiv$1 :i* may be /ill fur!r solidifi$ by additional admixture4 ,a #aj p] c5t solution ( alum9um oleate 9 petroleum is a v excell5t ag5t = pres]v+ ! soles1 a s+le saturation ( ! soles suffic+ =ev]4 ,! sole w la/ ab\t #a ye>4 ,,iii4--,! foll[+ mixture is prep>$ by melt+ toge!r ov] ! fire 9 an enamel$ iron vessel3 ,vasel9e1 #djj p>ts2 c]es9e1 #ajj p>ts4 ,! melt$ mass1 :i* is us$ z a grease1 is fill$ 9 wood5 boxes or t9 cans4 ,,iv4--,! oleic acid ( ! /e>9e factories is heat$ ) /rong alcohol & sulphuric acid4 ,take #af p>ts ( oleic acid1 #b p>ts ( alcohol 7#ij p] c5t71 & #a "p ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 ,! oleic-acid e!r =m$ sep>ates z a ?9 br[ni% oil4 ,x is lib]at$ f free sulphuric acid & ! alcohol 9 excess by agitation ) w>m wat] & all[+ to settle4 ,?is oleic-acid e!r is mix$ ) ! same weight ( fi% oil1 & #d to #h p>ts ( nitro-b5zol are add$ p] #a1jjj p>ts to disguise ! odor4 ,,tan ,,& ,,russet ,,%oe ,,poli%es3 ,to ,r5ovate & ,bright5 ,russet & ,yell[ ,%oes4--,fir/1 clean (f all dirt & du/ ) a good /iff bru%1 !n ) a sponge dipp$ 9 b5z9e g ov] ! lea!r1 repeat+ ! process z soon z ! b5z9e evaporates4 ,a few wip+s w br+ back ! orig9al color4 ,!n use a light-yell[ dress+ & bru% well4 ,! liquid application consi/s usually ( a solution ( yell[ wax & soap 9 oil ( turp5t9e1 & x %\ld be a matt] ( no difficulty :atev] to comp\nd a mixture ( ?is "* at lea/ equal #fcd to ! prep>ations on ! m>ket4 ,z a type ( ! mixture occasionally recomm5d$ we may quote ! foll[+3 ,i4--,yell[ wax #d ounces ,pe>l a% #d dra*ms ,yell[ soap #a dra*m ,_s ( turp5t9e #g ounces ,phosph9e 7anil9e7 #d gra9s ,alcohol #d dra*ms ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,scrape ! wax f9e & add x1 toge!r ) ! a% & soap1 to #ab ounces ( wat]4 ,boil all toge!r until a smoo?1 creamy mass is obta9$2 remove ! heat & add ! turp5t9e & ! anil9e 7previ\sly dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol74 ,mix ?or\ghly1 & add suffici5t wat] to br+ ! f9i%$ product up to #a #a_/b p9ts4 ,,ii4--,wat] #ah p>ts ,ros9 oil #d #a_/b p>ts ,_s ( sal ammoniac1 conc5trat$ #a #a_/e p>ts ,:ite gra9 soap #a4ic p>ts ,russian glue #a4ei p>ts ,br[n rock c&y #j4eg p>ts ,bism>ck br[n #j4jg p>ts ,boil all ! +r$i5ts toge!r1 except+ ! pigm5t2 aft] all has be5 dissolv$1 add ! ,bism>ck br[n & filt]4 ,! dress+ is appli$ ) a sponge4 ,,iii4--,beeswax1 yell[ #b ounces ,l9se$ oil #c ounces ,oil turp5t9e #aj ounces ,dissolve by heat ( a wat] ba?1 & add #a #a_/d ounces soap %av+s1 h>d yell[4 ,dissolve ?is 9 #ad ounces ( hot wat]4 ,,iv4--,a simpl] =m ( liquid mixture consi/s ( equal p>ts ( yell[ wax & palm oil dissolv$ ) ! aid ( heat 9 #c p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,v4--,s(t or gre5 soap #a ounce ,l9se$ oil1 raw #b ounces ,annatto solution 79 oil7 #g ounces ,yell[ wax #b ounces ,gum turp5t9e #g ounces ,wat] #g ounces ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat] & add ! solution ( annatto2 melt ! wax 9 ! oil ( turp5t9e1 & gradually /ir 9 ! soap solution1 /irr+ until cold4 ,! pa/e to accompany ! =ego+ mixtures is compos$ ( yell[ wax & ros9 ?9n$ ) petrolatum1 say #d p>ts ( wax1 #a "p ( ros91 & #ab p>ts ( petrolatum4 ,pa/e ,dress+s = ,russet ,%oes4--,! pa/e dress+s us$ on russet lea!r consi/ ( mixtures ( wax ) oil & o!r vehicles :i* give a mixture ( prop] work+ quality4 ,a simple =mula is3 ,i4--,yell[ wax #i p>ts ,oil ( turp5t9e #bj p>ts ,soap #a "p ,boil+ wat] #bj p>ts ,dissolve ! wax 9 ! turp5t9e on a wat] ba? & ! soap 9 ! wat] & /ir ! two liquids toge!r until ! mixture becomes suffici5tly cold to rema9 homog5e\s4 ,ano!r =mula 9 :i* /e>9e is us$ is app5d$3 ,,ii4--,wax #a "p ,/e>9e #b p>ts ,l9se$ oil #a "p ,oil ( turp5t9e #f p>ts ,soap #a "p ,wat] #aj p>ts ,proce$ z above4 ,c>nauba wax is (t5 us$ by manufactur]s ( su* dress+s in/ead ( beeswax1 z x is h>d] & takes a high] poli%4 ,^! dress+s are sometimes color$ ) f9ely gr\nd yell[ o*] or burnt umb]4 ,if ! lea!r be badly worn1 h[ev]1 x is be/ to apply a /a9 fir/1 & aft]w>ds ! waxy dress+4 ,suitable /a9s are made by boil+ saffl[] 9 wat]1 & annatto is also us$ 9 ! same way1 ! two be+ sometimes mix$ toge!r4 ,oxalic acid d>k5s ! color ( ! saffl[]4 ,anil9e colors w\ld also d\btless yield good results ) less tr\ble & exp5se4 ,by add+ f9ely gr\nd lampblack to ! waxy mixture in/ead ( o*]1 x w\ld answ] z a dress+ = black lea!r4 ,,wat]pro( ,,%oe ,,dress+s4 ,i4--,ca\t*\c #aj p>ts ,petroleum #aj p>ts ,c>bon disulphide #aj p>ts ,%ellac #dj p>ts ,lampblack #bj p>ts ,oil lav5d] #a "p ,alcohol #bjj p>ts ,^u ! ca\t*\c 9 a bottle p\r ! c>bon disulphide1 cork well1 & let /& a few days1 or until ! ca\t*\c has become ?or\ghly gelat9iz$ or p>tly dissolv$4 ,!n add ! petroleum1 oil ( lav5d]1 & alcohol1 next ! %ellac 9 f9e p[d]1 & heat x to ab\t #abj ,f41 tak+ c>e t z little z possible is lo/ by evaporation4 ,:5 ! sub/ances are all dissolv$ & ! liquid is tol]ably cle>1 add ! #fce lampblack1 mix ?or\ghly1 & fill at once into small bottles4 ,,ii4--,a wat]pro( black+ :i* w give a f9e poli% )\t rubb+1 & w n injure ! lea!r3 ,beeswax #ah p>ts ,sp]maceti #f p>ts ,turp5t9e oil #ff p>ts ,asphalt v>ni% #e p>ts ,p[d]$ borax #a "p ,frank=t black #e p>ts ,prussian blue #b p>ts ,nitro-b5zol #a "p ,melt ! wax1 add ! p[d]$ borax & /ir till a k9d ( jelly has =m$4 ,9 ano!r pan melt ! sp]maceti1 add ! asphalt v>ni%1 previ\sly mix$ ) ! oil ( turp5t9e1 /ir well1 & add to ! wax4 ,la/ly add ! color previ\sly rubb$ smoo? ) a little ( ! mass4 ,! nitro-b5zol gives fragrance4 ,wat]pro( ,v>ni% = ,bea* ,%oes4-- ,yell[4-- ,wat] #aej p>ts ,borax #e p>ts ,glyc]9e #c p>ts ,_s ( ammonia #a "p ,:ite %ellac #be p>ts ,yell[ pigm5t1 wat] soluble #a "p ,=mal91 a few drops4 ,orange4-- ,wat] #aej p>ts ,borax #e p>ts ,glyc]9e #b p>ts ,_s ( ammonia #a "p ,ruby %ellac #bb p>ts ,orange1 wat] soluble #a "p ,br[n #j4c p>ts ,=mal9 #j4a "p ,pale ,br[n4-- ,wat] #aej p>ts ,borax #e p>ts ,glyc]9e #b p>ts ,_s ( ammonia #j4be p>ts ,:ite %ellac #be p>ts ,yell[1 wat] soluble #h p>ts ,orange #j4c p>ts ,=mal9 #j4a "p ,/ir ! glyc]9e & ! _s ( ammonia toge!r 9 a special vessel be=e putt+ bo? into ! kettle4 ,x is also advisable1 be=e ! wat] boils1 to p\r a little ( ! ne>ly boil+ wat] into a clean vessel & to dissolve ! colors !re9 ) good /irr+1 add+ ?is solution to ! kettle aft] ! %ellac has be5 dissolv$4 ,:ite ,%oe ,dress+4-- ,i4--,cream ( t>t> #c ounces ,oxalic acid #a ounce ,alum #a ounce ,milk #c p9ts ,mix & rub on ! %oes4 ,:5 !y are ?or\ghly dry1 rub !m ) a mixture ( prep>$ *alk & magnesium c>bonate4 ,,ii4--,wat] #acf p>ts ,f9e pipe clay #ded p>ts ,%ellac1 blea*$ #acf p>ts ,borax1 p[d]$ #fh p>ts ,s(t soap #h p>ts ,ultram>9e blue #e p>ts ,boil ! %ellac 9 ! wat]1 add+ ! borax1 & keep+ up ! boil+ until a p]fect solution is obta9$1 !n /ir 9 ! soap 7#e or #f p>ts ( 8ivory0 soap1 %av$ up1 & melt$ ) #b or #c p>ts ( wat]1 is bett] ?an common s(t soap71 pipe clay1 & ultram>9e4 ,f9ally /ra9 ?r\gh a hair-clo? sieve4 ,?is prep>ation1 x is said1 leaves absolutely no?+ to be desir$4 ,a good deal ( /iffness may be imp>t$ to ! lea!r by x4 ,! addition ( a little glyc]9e w\ld rem$y ?is4 ,! old application %\ld be wip$ away be=e a new "o is put on4 ,?is prep>ation is suitable = milit>y %oes1 gloves1 belts1 & uni=ms requir+ a :ite dress+4 ,,%oes1 ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,%io ,,liao3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,cem5ts4 ,,%ip ,,compositions ,,& ,,pa9ts3 ,see ,pa9ts4 ,,%[ ,,bottles ,,= ,,druggi/s3 ,see ,bottles4 ,,%[ ,,cases4 ,d5ts 9 %[ cases & c\nt]s1 &1 inde$1 almo/ all =ms ( 8bruises0 on %op & o!r furniture1 may be remov$ by ! ex]cise ( a little pati5ce1 & proce$+ z foll[s3 ,sponge ! place ) wat] z w>m z c be borne by ! h&4 ,take a piece ( filt]+ or o!r bibul\s pap] l>ge en\gh to fold #f or #h times & yet cov] ! bruise1 wet 9 w>m wat] & place ov] ! spot4 ,take a w>m 7n hot7 smoo?+ iron & hold x on ! pap] until ! moi/ure is evaporat$ 7r5ew+ its heat1 if necess>y74 ,if ! bruise does n yield to ! fir/ trial1 repeat ! process4 ,a d5t z l>ge z a #fcf doll> & #a_/d in* deep 9 ! c5t]1 9 black walnut ( tol]ably close texture1 0 br\ght up smoo? & level ) ! surr\nd+ surface by two applications ( ! pap] & iron z describ$4 ,if ! bruise be small1 a sponge dipp$ 9 w>m wat] plac$ ^u x1 r5ew+ ! w>m? f "t to "t1 w be all-suffici5t4 ,:5 ! d5t is remov$ & ! wood dry1 ! poli% c be re/or$ by any ( ! usual processes4 ,if ! wood 0 orig9ally f9i%$ 9 oil1 rub ) a little boil$ l9se$ cut ) acetic acid 7oil1 #h p>ts2 acid1 #a "p74 ,if x 0 8,fr5* poli%$10 apply an alcoholic solution ( %ellac1 & let dry2 repeat if necess>y1 & :5 completely dry proce$ z foll[s3 ,rub ! "p cov]$ ) %ellac1 fir/ ) crocus clo? & a few drops ( olive oil1 until ! ridges1 :]e ! new & old poli% come toge!r1 disappe>2 wipe ) a slightly greas$ b o!rwise clean rag & f9i% ) putz pomade4 ,,%[-,,case ,,signs3 ,see ,lett]+4 ,,%[-,,cases1 ,,to ,,prev5t ,,dimm+ ,,(3 ,see ,glass4 ,siccatives ,! olde/ dri] is probably li?>ge1 a r$di%-yell[ p[d]1 consi/+ ( lead & oxyg54 ,=m]ly x 0 gr\nd f9ely 9 oil1 ei!r pure or ) admixture ( :ite vitriol & add$ to ! d>k oil pa9ts4 ,li?>ge & sug> ( lead are us$ to-day only r>ely z dry+ ag5ts1 hav+ be5 displac$ by ! liquid manganese siccatives1 :i* are easy to h&le4 ,e4 ,ebel91 h[ev]1 is ( ! op9ion t ! neglect ( ! lead comp\nds has n be5 b5eficial to decorative pa9t+4 ,:]e ^! m$iums 7 us$ 9 suitable quantities h>d-dry+ coat+s 7 almo/ always obta9$4 ,ebel9 believes t =m]ly !re us$ to be less lam5tation on acc\nt ( tacky floors1 pews1 etc41 ?an at ! pres5t "t4 ,d\btless a proposition to gr9d li?>ge into ! oil aga9 w n be favorably receiv$1 al?\gh "s old ma/] pa9t]s h by no means disc>d$ ?is me?od4 ,sug> ( lead 7lead acetate7 is likewise us$ z a dri] = oil pa9t4 ,:ile we may presume 9 g5]al t a siccative acts by imp>t+ its oxyg5 to ! l9se$ oil or else prep>es ! l9se$ oil 9 su* a mann] z to r5d] x capable ( readily absorb+ ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 x is especially sug> ( lead :i* /r5g!ns u 9 ?is belief4 ,if1 accord+ to ,leu*s1 a piece ( *>coal is saturat$ ) lead acetate1 ! *>coal c be ignit$ ev5 ) a burn+ sponge1 & burns entirely to a%es4 7,:oev] desires to make ! exp]im5t %\ld take #b to #c p>ts1 by weight1 ( sug> ( lead p] #ajj p>ts ( *>coal47 ,?is demon/rates t ! sug> ( lead readily p>ts ) its oxyg51 :i* ?\gh n burn+ itself1 supports ! combu/ion4 ,h5ce1 x may be assum$ t x w also z a siccative freely give (f its oxyg54 ,torm9 reports on a siccative1 ( :i* he says t x has be5 f\nd valuable = floor coat+s4 ,its production is z foll[s3 ,p\r #a "p ( :ite lead & #a #a_/b p>ts ea* ( li?>ge1 sug> ( lead & r$ lead to #ab #a_/b p>ts ( l9se$ oil1 & all[ ?is mixture to boil = #h to #aj h\rs4 ,!n remove ! kettle f ! fire & add to ! mixture #bj p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,dur+ ! boil+1 z well z dur+ & aft] ! p\r+ 9 ( ! oil turp5t9e1 dilig5t /irr+ is necess>y1 p>tly to prev5t any?+ f /ick+ to ! kettle 7:i* w\ld r5d] ! dri] impure7 & p>tly to cause ! liquid mass to cool (f soon]4 ,aft] t1 x is all[$ to /& = a few days1 :]eby ! :ole w cl>ify4 ,! upp] lay] is !n p\r$ (f & add$ to ! light t9ts1 :ile ! s$im5t may be us$ = ! d>k] %ades4 ,if :ite vitriol 7z9c sulphate or z9c vitriol7 has be5 introduc$ among ! dry+ ag5ts1 ?is is done 9 ! endeavor to create a non-color+ admixture = ! :ite pigm5ts & also n to be compell$ to add lead comp\nds1 :i*1 z exp]i5ce has %[n1 cause a yell[+ ( :ite coat+s to z9c :ite4 ,= ord9>y purposes1 ,dr4 ,koll] recomm5ds to add to ! l9se$ oil #b p] c5t 7by weight7 ( li?>ge & #a_/b p] c5t ( z9c vitriol1 :]eupon ! mixture is freely boil$4 ,if ! :ite vitriol is to be add$ 9 p[d] =m1 x mu/ be depriv$ ( its con/itutional wat]4 ,?is is done 9 ! simple/ mann] by calc9+4 ,! p[d]1 :i* feels moi/1 is subject$ to ! action ( fire on a %eet-iron plate1 :]eby ! :ite vitriol is trans=m$ into a vesicul>1 crumbly mass4 ,at "o "t x 0 gr\nd 9 oil = pure z9c :ite coat+s only1 :ile = ! o!r pigm5ts li?>ge is add$ besides1 z /at$ above4 ,z reg>ds ! manganese prep>ations :i* are employ$ = siccatives1 x mu/ be /at$ t !y d n possess #fcg c]ta9 disadvantages ( ! lead prep>ations z1 = in/ance1 t ( be+ act$ ^u by hydrog5 sulphide gas4 ,! ord9>y br[n manganese dri]s1 h[ev]1 are v liable to r5d] ! pa9t yell[i%1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is n desirable = pure :ite coat+s4 ,9 case ( too l>ge an addition ( ! said siccative1 a /rong subsequ5t yell[+ is p]ceptible1 ev5 if1 = in/ance1 z9c :ite has be5 consid]ably 8brok50 by blue or black4 ,b !re are also manganese siccatives or dry+ prep>ations (f]$ = sale :i* are colorless or :ite1 & !re=e may unhesitat+ly be us$ 9 comp>atively l>ge quantities = :ite coat+s4 ,a pulv]ul5t dry+ mat]ial ( ?is k9d consi/s1 = example1 ( equal p>ts ( calc9$ 7i4 e41 anhydr\s7 manganese vitriol1 mangan\s acetate1 & calc9$ z9c vitriol4 ,( ?is mixture #c p] c5t is add$ to ! z9c :ite4 ,( ! o!r manganese comp\nds1 especially t conta9+ mo/ oxyg51 viz41 manganic p]oxide1 is ext5sively employ$4 ,?is body is treat$ z foll[s3 ,x is fir/ co>sely p[d]$1 feebly calc9$1 & sift$4 ,next1 ! sub/ance is put into wire gauze & susp5d$ 9 l9se$ oil1 :i* %\ld be boil$ slightly4 ,! weight ( ! l9se$ oil %\ld be #aj times t ( ! manganese p]oxide4 ,accord+ to ano!r recipe a pure pulv]\s prep>ation may be produc$ by treat+ ! manganic p]oxide ) hydro*loric acid1 next filt]+1 precipitat+ ) hot borax solution1 all[+ to deposit1 wa%+ out & f9ally dry+4 ,fur!r recipes w probably be unnecess>y1 s9ce ! pa9t] w h>dly prep>e 8 own dri]s4 ,unless = special cases dri]s %\ld be us$ b sp>+ly4 ,z a rule #c to #e p] c5t ( siccative suffices2 9 o!r words1 #c to #e p\nds ( siccative %\ld be add$ to #ajj p\nds ( gr\nd oil pa9t ready = use4 ,z a /&>d x may be propos$ to endeavor to h ! coat+ dry 9 #bd h\rs4 ,= lead colors a slight addition ( dri] is advisable2 = r$ lead1 x may be omitt$ altoge!r4 ,:]e non-tacky coat+s are desir$1 z = floors1 *airs1 etc41 z well z a prim+ = wood imitations1 lead color %\ld always be employ$ z f\ndation1 & z a dri] also a lead prep>ation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 no lead comp\nds %\ld be us$ = pure z9c-:ite coats & :ite lacqu]+4 ,te/+ ,siccatives4--,s9ce x 0 discov]$ t ! lead & manganese comp\nds ( ros9 acids _h a bett] & m rapid action on l9se$ oil ?an ! old] =m ( dri]s1 su* z r$ lead1 li?>ge1 manganese dioxide1 etc41 ! numb] ( prep>ations ( ! =m] class has increas$ enorm\sly4 ,manufactur]s are cont9ually at "w endeavor+ to improve ! quality ( ^! comp\nds1 & to obta9 a prep>ation :i* w be peculi>ly _! own4 ,consequ5tly1 ) su* a l>ge v>iety ( sub/ances to deal )1 x becomes a matt] ( "s difficulty to di/+ui% ! good f ! bad4 ,9 addition to ! g5]al appe>ance1 color1 h>dness1 & a few o!r su* physical prop]ties1 !re is no means ( asc]ta9+ ! quality ( ^! sub/ances except practical te/+ ( _! dry+ prop]ties1 t is1 "o mu/ mix ! dri]s ) oil & prove _! value = oneself4 ,ev5 ! discov]y ( an app>5tly satisfactory v>iety does n end ! matt]1 = exp]i5ce has %[n t su* prep>ations1 ev5 :5 !y appe> ! same1 d n give simil> results4 ,a great deal dep5ds ^u _! prep>ation2 = example1 manganese res9ate obta9$ f successive consignm5ts1 & conta9+ ! same p]c5tage ( manganese1 does n always give id5tical results ) oil4 ,9 fact1 v>iation is ! greate/ drawback to ^! comp\nds4 ,) "o prep>ation ! oil d>k5s1 ) ano!r x rema9s pale1 or sometimes decomposition ( ! oil takes place 9 "p4 ,! addition ( a small proportion ( dri] has be5 kn[n to cause ! sep>ation ( #ej p] c5t ( ! oil z a d>k visc\s mass4 ,"o dri] w act well1 & ! oil w rema9 ?91 :ile ) ano!r1 ! same oil w 9 ! c\rse ( a few mon?s ?ick5 to ! consi/5cy ( /& oil4 ,^! v>i\s actions may all be obta9$ f ! same comp\nd ( ros9 ) a metal1 ! s\rce only ( ! dri] v>y+4 ,! liquid siccatives d]iv$ f ^! comp\nds by solution 9 turp5t9e or b5z9e also give widely div]g5t results4 ,sometimes a slight foot w sep>ate1 or z mu* z #ej p] c5t may g to ! bottom ( ! pan1 & at times ! :ole cont5ts ( ! pan w settle to a ?ick1 jelly-l mass4 ,by increas+ ! temp]ature1 ?is mass w become ?9 & cle> once m1 & di/illation w drive ov] pure unalt]$ turp5t9e or b5z9e1 leav+ beh9d ! metallic comp\nd ( ros9 9 its orig9al /ate4 ,! comp\nds ( metals ) fatty acids :i*1 9 solution 9 turp5t9e1 h be5 us$ = _m ye>s by #fch v>ni%-mak]s1 %[ ev5 great] v>iation4 ,at ! same "t1 a great] dry+ p[] is obta9$ f !m ?an f ros9 acids1 quantities be+ equal4 ,z ^! comp\nds leave ! factory1 !y are (t5 9 solution 9 l9se$ oil or turp5t9e1 & und\bt$ly _m ( ! products ( ?is nature on ! m>ket are ( v inf]ior quality4 ,! exam9ation ( ^! bodies may be set ab\t 9 two ways3 ,a4--,by dissolv+ 9 l9se$ oil ) or )\t heat4 ,b4--,by fir/ dissolv+ ! dri] 9 turp5t9e & mix+ ! cool$ solution 7liquid siccatives7 ) l9se$ oil4 ,be=e proce$+ to describe ! me?od ( c>ry+ out ! =ego+ te/s1 x is necess>y to emphasize ! important "p :i* ! l9se$ oil plays 9 ! exam9ation ( ! dri]s4 ,z "p ( ! in=mation to be ga9$ by ^! te/s dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( solid matt] :i* sep>ates out1 x is ess5tial t ! l9se$ oil %\ld be uni=m4 ,to atta9 ?is end1 ! oil us$ mu/ always be fre$ f mucilage be=e be+ us$ = ! te/4 ,if ?is _c readily be obta9$1 ord9>y l9se$ oil %\ld be heat$ to a temp]ature ( f #eah to #egb ,f41 s t x breaks1 & %\ld !n be cool$ & filt]$4 ,) ! ord9>y m>ket l9se$ oil1 ! am\nt ( solid matt] :i* sep>ates v>ies )9 wide limits1 s t if ?is 7 n remov$1 no idea ( ! sep>ation ( foot caus$ by ! dri]s w\ld be obta9$4 ,x is n to be und]/ood f ?is t unbrok5 l9se$ oil is nev] to be us$ = ord9>y pa9t or v>ni%1 ! w>n+ be+ only giv5 = ! sake ( arriv+ at reliable values = ! quality ( ! dri]s to be te/$4 ,a4--,solution ( ,dri] 9 ,l9se$ ,oil4--,! precipitat$ metallic comp\nds ( ros9 7lead res9ate1 manganese res9ate & lead manganese res9ate7 dissolve readily 9 l9se$ oil ( ord9>y temp]ature 7#fj to #gj ,f474 ,! oil is mix$ ) #a #a_/b p] c5t ( ! dri] & subject$ to /irr+ or %ak+ = #bd h\rs1 ! agitation be+ appli$ at int]vals ( an h\r4 ,fus$ metallic res9ates are n soluble 9 l9se$ oil at ord9>y temp]atures1 s diff]5t treatm5t is requir$ = !m4 ,! oil is heat$ 9 an enamel$ pan toge!r ) ! f9ely p[d]$ dri]1 until ! latt] is completely 9 solution1 c>e be+ tak5 n to all[ ! temp]ature to rise above #cij ,f4 ,! pan is !n remov$ f ! fire & its cont5ts all[$ to settle4 ,! quantity ( dri] us$ %\ld n exce$ #a #a_/b to #c p] c5t4 ,9 ! case ( metallic l9oleates 7lead l9oleate1 manganese l9oleate & lead-manganese l9oleate71 ! temp]ature mu/ be rais$ above #bij ,f4 be=e !y w g into solution4 ,9 _! case also ! addition %\ld n be great] ?an #c p] c5t4 ,note1 aft] all ! te/s h settl$1 ! am\nt ( undissolv$ matt] :i* is left at ! bottom1 z ?is is "o ( ! data ^u :i* an idea ( ! value ( ! dri] mu/ be =m$4 ,b4--,solution ( ,dri] 9 ,turp5t9e or ,b5z9e4--,= ! prep>ation ( ^! liquid siccatives #a to #a4d p>ts ( ! metallic res9ate or l9oleate are add$ to ! b5z9e or turp5t9e & dissolv$ at a g5tle heat1 or ! dri] may fir/ be melt$ ov] a fire & add$ to ! solv5t :ile 9 ! liquid /ate4 ,! proportion ( matt] :i* does n g into solution mu/ be c>efully not$ z a factor 9 ! valuation ( ! dri]4 ,f #e to #aj p] c5t ( ! liquid siccative is n[ add$ to ! l9se$ oil1 & ! mixture %ak5 well1 at int]vals dur+ #bd h\rs4 ,samples ( all ! oils prep>$ z above %\ld be plac$ 9 small cle> bottles1 :i* are v n>r[ inside1 s t a ?9 lay] ( ! oil may be obs]v$4 ,! bottles are all[$ to /& = #c or #d days 9 a temp]ate room1 )\t be+ t\*$4 ,:5 suffici5t "t has be5 all[$ = ?or\gh settl+1 ! color1 transp>5cy1 & consi/5cy ( ! samples are c>efully obs]v$1 & also ! quantity & nature ( any precipitate :i* may h settl$ out4 ,a note %\ld also be made ( ! date = future ref]5ce4 ,naturally ! dri] :i* has color$ ! oil lea/ & left x mo/ clean & ?91 & :i* %[s ! smalle/ precipitate1 is ! mo/ suitable = g5]al use4 ,! next important te/ is t ( dry+ p[]1 & is c>ri$ out z foll[s3 ,a few drops ( ! sample are plac$ on a cle>1 clean glass plate1 #d x #f in*es1 & rubb$ ev5ly ov] ) ! f+]s4 ,! plate is !n plac$1 clean side up1 9 a slop+ position ) ! upp] edge re/+ aga9/ a wall4 ,9 ?is way any excess ( oil is run (f & a v ?9 equal lay] is obta9$4 ,x is be/ to />t ! te/ e>ly 9 ! morn+ z x c !n be wat*$ ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,x %\ld be rem>k$ t ! "t f ! 8tacky0 /age to complete dryness is usually v %ort1 s t ! obs]v] mu/ be con/antly on ! wat*4 ,if a good dri] has be5 us$1 ! "t may be f #d to #e h\rs1 & %\ld n be m ?an #ab or at ! v highe/ #fci #ae4 ,! blea*+ ( ! lay] %\ld also be not$4 ,_m ( ! lay]s1 ev5 aft] !y h become z dry z !y seem capable ( becom+1 %[ a slight /ick9ess4 ,^! te/s %\ld be set aside 9 a du/-free place = ab\t #h days1 & !n te/$ ) ! f+]4 ,,sign ,,lett]s3 ,to ,remove ,black ,lett]s f ,:ite ,enamel$ ,signs4--,x frequ5tly happ5s t a *ange has to be made on su* signs1 "o "n hav+ to be tak5 (f & ano!r sub/itut$4 ,prim+ ) :ite lead foll[$ by dull & glossy z9c :ite pa9t always looks l a daub & /&s out l a pad4 ,lye1 glass pap] or /eel *ips w n attack ! burn$-9 metallic enamel4 ,! quicke/ plan is to gr9d d[n c>efully ) a good gr9d/one4 ,,sign-,,lett] ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,cem5ts4 ,,signs1 ,,to ,,repair ,,enamel$3 ,see ,enamels4 ,,silk3 ,artificial 8,rubb]$0 ,silk4--,a solution ( ca\t*\c or simil> gum 9 acetone is add$1 9 any desir$ proportion1 to a solution ( nitro-cellulose 9 acetone1 & ! mixture is made into ?reads by pass+ x into wat] or o!r suitable liquid4 ,! result+ ?reads are /at$ to be v brilliant 9 appe>ance1 extremely ela/ic1 & v resi/ant to ! atmosph]e & to wat]4 ,! product is n m inflammable ?an natural silk4 ,artificial ,age+ ( ,silk ,fabrics4--,to give silk goods ! appe>ance ( age1 exposure to ! sun is ! simple/ way1 b z ?is requires "t x _c always be employ$4 ,a quick] me?od consi/s 9 prep>+ a dirty-gre5i% liquor ( weak soap wat]1 ) addition ( a little black+ & gamboge solution4 ,wa% ! silk fabric 9 ?is liquor & dry z usual1 )\t r9s+ 9 clean wat]1 & cal5d]4 ,blea*+ ,silk4--,! ,lyons process ( blea*+ ske9s ( silk is to draw !m rapidly ?r\gh a sort ( aqua regia ba?4 ,?is ba? is prep>$ by mix+ #e p>ts ( hydro*loric acid ) #a ( nitric1 leav+ ! mixture = #d or #e days at a g5tle heat ( ab\t #gg ,f41 & !n dilut+ ) ab\t #ae times its volume ( wat]4 ,?is dilution is effect$ 9 l>ge tanks cut f /one4 ,! temp]ature ( ! ba? %\ld be f #fh to #he ,f41 & ! ske9s %\ld n be 9 x ov] #ae m9utes1 & frequ5tly n s long z t2 !y mu/ be kept 9 motion dur+ all t "t4 ,:5 tak5 out1 ! silk is imm$iately imm]s$ successively 9 #b tr\ghs ( wat]1 to remove e trace ( ! acid1 aft] :i* !y are dri$4 ,hydrog5 p]oxide is us$ z a silk blea*1 ! silk be+ fir/ ?or\ghly wa%$ ) an alkal9e soap & ammonium c>bonate to free x ( its gummy matt]4 ,aft] repeat$ wa%+s 9 ! p]oxide 7pref]ably r5d]$ alkal9e ) ammonia & soda71 ! silk is 8blu$0 ) a solution ( blue anil9e 9 alcohol4 ,wa%+ ( ,light ,silk ,goods4--,! be/ soap may *ange delicate t9ts4 ,! foll[+ me?od is !re=e pref]able3 ,fir/ wa% ! silk tissue 9 w>m milk4 ,prep>e a light bran infusion1 :i* is to be decant$1 & aft] re/+ = a "t1 pass$ ov] ! fabric4 ,x is !n r9s$ 9 ?is wat]1 almo/ cold4 ,x is mov$ ab\t 9 all directions1 & aft]w>ds dri$ on a napk94 ,,silk ,,s5sitiz]s ,,= ,,photographic ,,purposes3 ,see ,photography1 "u ,pap]-,s5sitiz+ ,processes4 ,silv] ,antique ,silv] 7see also ,plat+74--,coat ! poli%$ silv] articles ) a ?9 pa/e ( p[d]$ graphite1 #f p>ts2 p[d]$ blood/one1 #a "p2 & oil ( turp5t9e4 ,aft] ! dry+ take (f ! sup]flu\s p[d] ) a s(t bru% & rub ! rais$ portions bright ) a l95 rag dipp$ 9 _s4 ,by treatm5t ) v>i\s sulphides an old appe>ance is likewise imp>t$ to silv]4 ,if1 = example1 a solution ( #e p>ts ( liv] ( sulphur & #aj p>ts ( ammonium c>bonate are heat$ 9 #a qu>t ( di/ill$ wat] to #ahj ,f41 plac+ ! silv] articles !re91 ! latt] fir/ turn pale gray1 !n d>k gray1 & f9ally assume a deep black-blue4 ,9 ! case ( plat$ w>e1 ! silv]+ mu/ n be too ?92 9 ! case ( ?ick silv] plat+ or solid silv] #a qu>t ( wat] is suffici5t4 ,! colors w !n appe> m quickly4 ,if ! color+ is spott$ or o!rwise imp]fect dip ! objects into a w>m potassium cyanide solution1 :]eby ! silv] sulphide =m$ is imm$iately #fdj dissolv$4 ,! ba? mu/ be r5ew$ aft] a :ile4 ,silv] conta9+ mu* copp] is subject$1 previ\s to ! color+1 to a blan*+ process1 :i* is accompli%$ 9 a boil+ solution ( #ae p>ts ( p[d]$ t>t> & #cj p>ts ( cook+ salt 9 #b p9ts ( wat]4 ,objects :i* are to be mat are coat$ ) a pa/e ( pota% & wat] aft] ! blan*+1 !n dry1 anneal1 cool 9 wat]1 & boil aga94 ,imitation ( ,antique ,silv]4--,plat$ articles may be color$ to resemble old objects ( art made ( solid silv]4 ,= ?is purpose ! deep-ly+ p>ts1 ^? n expos$ to friction1 are provid$ ) a blacki%1 e>?y coat+1 ! prom95t p>ts reta9+ a lead5 b bright color4 ,! process is simple4 ,a ?9 pa/e is made ( f9ely p[d]$ graphite & oil ( turp5t9e 7a little blood/one or r$ o*] may be add$1 to imitate ! copp] t+e 9 articles ( old silv]7 & spread ov] ! :ole ( ! previ\sly plat$ article4 ,x is !n all[$ to dry1 & ! p>ticles n adh]+ to ! surface remov$ ) a s(t bru%4 ,! black coat+ %\ld !n be c>efully wip$ (f ! expos$ p>ts by means ( a l95 rag dipp$ 9 alcohol4 ,?is process is v effective 9 mak+ imitations ( objects ( antique art1 su* z goblets1 c&le/icks1 vessels ( e description1 /atues1 etc4 ,if x is desir$ to re/ore ! orig9al brightness to ! object1 ?is c be done by wa%+ ) cau/ic soda or a solution ( cyanide ( potassium4 ,b5z9e c also be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,blan*+ ,silv]4--,i4--,mix p[d]$ *>coal1 #c p>ts1 & calc9$ borax1 #a "p1 & /ir ) wat] s z to make a homog5e\s pa/e4 ,apply ?is pa/e on ! pieces to be blan*$4 ,put ! pieces on a *>coal fire1 tak+ c>e to cov] !m up well2 :5 !y h acquir$ a *]ry r$1 )draw !m f ! fire & leave to cool (f4 ,next place !m 9 a hot ba? compos$ ( #i p>ts ( wat] & #a "p ( sulphuric acid1 )\t caus+ ! ba? to boil4 ,leave ! articles 9 = ab\t #a h\r4 ,remove !m1 r9se 9 clean wat]1 & dry4 ,,ii4--,if ! coat ( t>ni% on ! surface ( ! silv] is b light & sup]ficial1 x suffices to rub ! piece well ) gre5 soap to wa% x ?or\ghly 9 hot wat]2 !n dry x 9 hot sawdu/ & pass x ?r\gh alcohol1 f9ally rubb+ ) a f9e clo? or bru%4 ,%\ld ! coat resi/ ?is treatm5t1 bru% ) ,spani% :ite1 !n wa%1 dry1 & pass ?r\gh alcohol4 ,! employm5t ( ,spani% :ite has ! drawback ( %9+ ! silv] if ! application is /rong & prolong$4 ,if ! oxidation has )/ood ^! means & if x is desir$ to imp>t to ! *a9 ! h&some mat appe>ance ( new goods1 x %\ld be anneal$ 9 *>coal du/ & pass$ ?r\gh vitriol1 b ?is op]ation1 = ^? unus$ to x1 is v dang]\s to ! sold]+ & consequ5tly may spoil ! piece4 ,color+ ,silv]4--,a ri* gold t9t may be imp>t$ to silv] articles by plung+ !m into dilute sulphuric acid1 saturat$ ) iron ru/4 ,fro/+ ,poli%$ ,silv]4--,articles ( poli%$ silv] may be fro/$ by putt+ !m into a ba? ( nitric acid dilut$ ) an equal volume ( di/ill$ wat] & lett+ !m rema9 a few m9utes4 ,a bett] effect may be giv5 by dipp+ ! article frequ5tly into ! ba? until ! requisite degree ( fro/+ has be5 atta9$4 ,!n r9se & place = a few mom5ts 9 a /rong ba? ( potassium cyanide2 remove & r9se4 ,! f+]s mu/ n be all[$ to t\* ! article dur+ ei!r process4 ,x %\ld be held ) wood5 =ceps or clamps4 ,fulm9at+ ,silv]4--,dissolve #a "p ( f9e silv] 9 #aj p>ts ( nitric acid ( #a4cf specific gravity at a mod]ate heat2 p\r ! solution into #bj p>ts ( _s ( w9e 7#he to #ij p] c5t7 & heat ! liquid4 ,z soon z ! mixture beg9s to boil1 x is remov$ f ! fire & left alone until cool$ (f4 ,! fulm9ic silv] cry/allizes on cool+ 9 v f9e ne$les ( dazzl+ :it5ess1 :i* are edulcorat$ ) wat] & dri$ c>efully 9 ! air4 ,holl[ ,silv]w>e4--,a good process = mak+ holl[ figures consi/s 9 cov]+ models ( ! figures1 made ( a base or easily soluble metal1 ) a ?9 & uni=m coat+ ( a nobl] metal1 by means ( ! electric curr5t 9 su* a way t ?is coat+ takes approximately ! %ape ( ! model1 ! latt] be+ !n remov$ by dissolv+ x ) acid4 ,! model is ca/ f z9c 9 "o or m pieces1 a well-*as$ brass mold be+ us$ = ?is purpose1 & ! sep>ate p>ts are !n sold]$ toge!r ) an easily fusible sold]4 ,! figure is !n cov]$ ) a galvaniz$ coat+ ( silv]1 copp]1 or o!r metal4 ,be=e receiv+ ! coat+ ( silv]1 ! figure is fir/ cov]$ ) a ?9 deposit ( copp]1 ! silv] be+ add$ aft]w>ds 9 ! requir$ ?ickness4 ,b 9 ord] #fda t ! deposit ( silv] may be ( ! same ?ickness ?r\gh\t 7?is is ess5tial if ! figure is to keep ! "r %ape71 silv] anodes1 s con/ruct$ & arrang$ z to correspond z closely z possible to ! outl9es ( ! figure1 %\ld be susp5d$ 9 ! solution ( silv] & cyanide ( potassium on bo? sides ( ! figure1 & at equal di/ances f x4 ,z soon z ! deposit is suffici5tly ?ick1 ! figure is remov$ f ! ba?1 wa%$1 & put into a ba? ( dilute sulphuric or hydro*loric acid1 :]e x is all[$ to rema9 till ! z9c core is dissolv$4 ,! decomposition ( ! z9c c be accel]at$ by add+ a p9 ( copp]4 ,! figure n[ requires only boil+ 9 soda & potassic t>trate to acquire a :ite color4 ,if ! figure is to be made ( copp]1 ! z9c model mu/ be cov]$ fir/ ) a ?9 lay] ( silv]1 !n ) ! copp] coat+1 & !n once m ) a ?9 lay] ( silv]1 s t :ile ! z9c is be+ dissolv$1 ! copp] may be protect$ on ei!r side by ! silv]4 ,simil> precautions mu/ be tak5 ) o!r metals1 reg>d be+ paid to _! peculi> prop]ties4 ,ano!r me?od is to ca/ ! figures1 entire or 9 sep>ate p>ts1 out ( "s easily fusible alloy 9 *as$ metal molds4 ,! sep>ate portions are sold]$ ) ! same sold]1 & ! figure is !n provid$ ) a coat+ ( copp]1 silv]1 etc41 by means ( ! galvanic curr5t4 ,x is !n plac$ 9 boil+ wat] or /eam1 & ! inn] alloys melt$ by ! introduction ( ! wat] or /eam ?r\gh holes bor$ = ?is purpose4 ,lu/r\s ,oxide on ,silv] 7see also ,plat+ & ,silv]1 "u ,poli%es74--,"s exp]i5ce is necess>y to reproduce a h&some black lu/]4 ,into a cup fill$ ) wat] ?r[ a little liv] ( sulphur & mix well4 ,scrat* ! silv] article z bright z possible ) ! scrat* bru% & dip into ! w>m liquid4 ,remove ! object aft] #b m9utes & r9se (f 9 wat]4 ,!n scrat* x up aga9 & return x into ! liquid4 ,! process %\ld be repeat$ #b or #c times1 :]eby a wond]ful glossy black is obta9$4 ,ornam5tal ,designs on ,silv]4--,select a smoo? "p ( ! silv]1 & sket* on x a monogram or any o!r design ) a %>p lead p5cil4 ,place ! article 9 a gold solution1 ) ! batt]y 9 good work+ ord]1 & 9 a %ort "t all ! p>ts n sket*$ ) ! lead p5cil w be cov]$ ) a coat ( gold4 ,aft] clean+ ! article ! black lead is easily remov$ ) ! f+]1 :]eupon ! silv] ornam5t is disclos$4 ,a gold ornam5t may be produc$ by rev]s+ ! process4 ,sep>at+ ,silv] f ,plat9um ,wa/e4--,cut ! wa/e into small pieces1 make r$ hot to de/roy grease & organic sub/ances1 & dissolve 9 aqua regia 7hydro*loric acid1 #c p>ts1 & nitric acid1 #a "p74 ,plat9um & all o!r metals comb9$ ) x are ?us dissolv$1 :ile silv] settles on ! bottom z *loride 9 ! %ape ( a gray1 spongy p[d]4 ,! solution is !n drawn (f & te/$ by oxalic acid = gold1 :i* is precipitat$ z a f9e yell[i% p[d]4 ,! o!r metals rema9 unt\*$ !reby4 ,! plat9um /ill pres5t 9 ! solution is n[ obta9$ by a gradual addition ( sal ammoniac z a yell[i%-gray p[d]4 ,^! diff]5t precipitates are wa%$ ) w>m wat]1 dri$1 & trans=m$ into ! metallic /ate by suitable fluxes4 ,plat9um fil+s1 h[ev]1 h to be previ\sly ref9$4 ,!y are also fir/ anneal$4 ,all /eel or iron fil+s are remov$ ) a magnet & ! re/ is dipp$ into conc5trat$ sulphuric acid & heat$ ) ?is to ! boil+ po9t4 ,?is process is cont9u$ z long z an action ( ! acid is noticeable4 ,! rema9+ p[d] is pure plat9um4 ,hot sulphuric acid dissolves silv] )\t t\*+ ! plat9um4 ,! liquid us$ = ! sep>ation ( ! plat9um is n[ dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( wat] & ! silv] expell$ f x by means ( a saturat$ cook+ salt solution4 ,! latt] is add$ gradually until no m action1 i4 e41 sep>ation1 is p]ceptible4 ,! liquid is c>efully drawn (f1 ! residue wa%$ 9 w>m wat]1 dri$ & melt$ ) a little soda a%es z flux1 :i* yields pure metallic silv]4 ,! old process = sep>at+ silv] f wa/e 0 z foll[s3 ,! refuse 0 mix$ ) an equal quantity ( *>coal1 plac$ 9 a crucible1 & subject$ to a bright-r$ heat1 & 9 a %ort "t a silv] button =m$ at ! bottom4 ,c>bonate ( soda is ano!r good flux4 ,silv]+ ,glass ,globes4--,take #a_/c ounce ( clean lead1 & melt x ) an equal weight ( pure t92 !n imm$iately add #a_/b ounce ( bismu?1 & c>efully skim (f ! dross2 remove ! alloy f ! fire & be=e x gr[s cold add #e ounces ( m]cury1 & /ir ! :ole well toge!r2 !n put ! fluid amalgam into a clean glass1 & x is fit = use4 ,:5 ?is amalgam is us$ = silv]+ #fdb let x be fir/ /ra9$ ?r\gh a l95 rag2 !n g5tly p\r "s ounces !re( into ! globe int5d$ to be silv]$2 ! alloy %\ld be p\r$ into ! globe by means ( a pap] or glass funnel rea*+ almo/ to ! bottom ( ! globe1 to prev5t x spla%+ ! sides2 ! globe %\ld be turn$ e way v sl[ly1 to fa/5 ! silv]+4 ,silv]+ ,p[d] = ,metals4--,copp]1 brass1 & "s o!r metals may be silv]$ by rubb+ well ) ! foll[+ p[d]3 ,potassium cyanide1 #ab p>ts2 silv] nitrate1 #f p>ts2 calcium c>bonate1 #cj p>ts4 ,mix & keep 9 a well-clos$ bottle4 ,x mu/ be appli$ ) h>d rubb+1 ! bright surface be+ aft]w>ds r9s$ ) wat]1 dri$1 & poli%$4 ,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ! use ( ! p[d] on acc\nt ( its poison\s nature4 ,x %\ld n be all[$ to come 9 contact ) ! h&s4 ,silv] ,te/+4--,= ?is purpose a cold saturat$ solution ( potassium bi*romate 9 pure nitric acid ( #a4b specific gravity is employ$4 ,aft] ! article to be te/$ has be5 treat$ ) _s ( w9e = ! removal ( any v>ni% coat+ :i* might be pres5t1 a drop ( ! above te/ liquor is appli$ by means ( a glass rod & ! resultant spot rubb$ (f ) a little wat]4 ,a te/+ solution ( potassium bi*romate1 #a ounce1 pure nitric acid1 #f ounces1 & wat]1 #b ounces1 gives ! foll[+ results on surfaces ( ! metals nam$3 ,metal4 ,color 9 "o ,color ( m>k m9ute4 left4 ,pure silv] ,bright blood-r$ ,grayi% :ite 4#ibe silv] ,d>k r$ ,d>k br[n 4#hjj silv] ,*ocolate ,d>k br[n 4#ejj silv] ,gre5 ,d>k br[n ,g]man silv] ,d>k blue ,light gray ,nickel ,turquoise blue ,sc>cely any ,copp] ,v d>k blue ,clean$ copp] ,brass ,d>k br[n ,light br[n ,lead ,nut br[n ,lead5 ,t9 ,r$di% br[n ,d>k ,z9c ,light *ocolate ,/eel gray ,alum9um ,yell[ ,no /a9 ,plat9um ,v&yke br[n ,no /a9 ,iron ,v>i\s ,black #i-;c>at gold ,un*ang$ ,no /a9 ,! second column 9 ! table %[s su* *ange ( color z ! liquid--n ! metal--und]goes dur+ its action = ! p]iod ( #a m9ute4 ,! te/ liquid be+ !n wa%$ (f ) cold wat]1 ! ?ird column %[s ! nature ( ! /a9 t is left4 ,9 ! case ( fa9tly silv]$ goods1 su* z buttons1 ?is te/ fails1 s9ce ! slight quantity ( result+ silv] *romate does n become visible or dissolves 9 ! nitric acid pres5t4 ,b ev5 su* a ?9 coat ( silv] c be recogniz$ ) ! above te/ liquor1 if ! bi*romate solution is us$1 dilut$ ) ! equal volume ( wat]1 or if a small drop ( wat] is fir/ put on ! article & aft]w>ds a little drop ( ! undilut$ solution is appli$ by means ( a capill>y tube4 ,9 ?is mann] a di/9ct r$ spot 0 obta9$ 9 ! case ( v slight silv]+4 ,a simpl] me?od is z foll[s3 ,rub ! piece to be te/$ on ! t\*/one & moi/5 ! m>k ) nitric acid1 :]eupon x disappe>s4 ,add a little hydro*loric acid ) a glass rod4 ,if a :ite turbidness 7silv] *loride7 appe>s :i* does n vani% ^u addition ( wat]1 or1 9 case ( fa9t silv]+ or an alloy poor 9 silv]1 a weak opalesc5ce1 ! pres5ce ( silv] is c]ta94 ,ev5 alloys conta9+ v little silv] give ?is reaction q di/9ctly4 ,p9k ,color on ,silv]4--,to produce a beautiful p9k color ^u silv]1 dip ! clean article = a few seconds into a hot & /rong solution ( cupric *loride1 swill x 9 wat] & !n dry x or dip x into _s ( w9e & ignite ! _s4 ,,silv]1 ,,imitation3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,silv]+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,silv]+ ,,( ,,mirrors3 ,see ,mirrors4 ,,silv]+1 ,,te/ ,,=3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,silv] ,,foil ,,sub/itute3 ,see ,metal ,foil4 ,,silv] ,,nitrate ,,spots1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,silv]-,,plat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,silv]1 ,,recov]y ,,( ,,photographic3 ,see ,photography4 ,,silv] ,,sold]s3 ,see ,sold]s4 #fdc ,,silv]1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,silv]1 ,,to ,,recov] ,,gold ,,f3 ,see ,gold4 ,,silv]w>e ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,similor3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,s9ews1 ,,treatm5t ,,(1 ,,9 ,,manufactur+ ,,glue3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,syrup 7,,raspb]ry73 ,see ,raspb]ry4 ,,syrups3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,siz+3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,siz+ ,,walls ,,= ,,kalsom9e3 ,see ,kalsom9e4 ,,sk9-,,clean+ ,,prep>ations3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,sk9 ,,o9tm5ts3 ,see ,o9tm5ts4 ,,sk9 ,,foods3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,sk9 ,,tr\bles3 ,see ,soap4 ,,slate3 ,artificial ,slate4--,! artificial slate coat+ on t9 consi/s ( a mixture ( f9ely gr\nd slate1 lampblack1 & a wat]-glass solution ( equal p>ts ( pota% & soda wat] glass 7#a4be specific gravity74 ,! process is z foll[s3 ,i4--,fir/ prep>e ! wat]-glass solution by f9ely cru%+ equal p>ts ( solid pota% & soda wat] glass & p\r+ ov] ?is #f to #h times ! quantity ( s(t riv] wat]1 :i* is kept boil+ ab\t #a #a_/b h\rs1 :]eby ! wat] glass is completely dissolv$4 ,add #g p>ts f9ely cru%$ slate f9ely gr\nd ) a little wat] into impalpable du/1 #a "p lampblack1 :i* is gr\nd ) x1 & gr9d en\gh ( ?is mass ) ! previ\sly prep>$ wat]-glass solution z is necess>y = a ?ick or ?9 coat+4 ,) ?is comp\nd ! r\gh5$ t9 plates are pa9t$ z uni=mly z possible4 ,= ro(+1 z9c plate may be color$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! coat+ protects ! z9c f oxidation & consequ5tly f de/ruction4 ,= pa9t+ z9c plate1 h[ev]1 only pure pota% wat] glass mu/ be add$ to ! mixture1 z ! pa9t w\ld loos5 or peel (f f ! z9c if soda wat] glass 7 us$4 ,,ii4--,good heavy pap] or o!r sub/ance is saturat$ ) l9se$-oil v>ni% & !n pa9t$1 sev]al coats1 "o aft] ano!r ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,copal v>ni% #a "p ,oil ( turp5t9e #b p>ts ,f9e1 dry s&1 p[d]$ #a "p ,p[d]$ glass #a "p ,gr\nd slate #b p>ts ,lampblack #a "p ,,slides ,,= ,,lant]ns3 ,see ,photography4 ,,slugs ,,on ,,roses3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,sm>agd9e3 ,see ,alcohol 7,solid74 ,,smut1 ,,treatm5t ,,=3 ,see ,gra94 ,,snake ,,bites4 ,ab\t #be ye>s ago1 ,dr4 ,s4 ,weir ,mit*ell & ,dr4 ,rei*]t publi%$ results ( _! inve/igations ( snake v5om :i* indicat$ t p]manganate ( potassium may prove ( mat]ial value z an antidote to ?is le?al sub/ance4 ,s9ce t "t p]manganate has be5 l>gely us$ all ov] ! _w z a rem$y :5 m5 & animals 7 bitt5 by poison\s snakes1 & ,sir ,laud] ,brunton devis$ an in/rum5t by means ( :i* ! p]manganate may be readily c>ri$ 9 ! pocket1 & imm$iately inject$ into1 or into ! neighborhood (1 ! w\nd4 ,capta9 ,rodg]s1 ( ! ,indian ,m$ical ,s]vice1 rec5tly report$ sev]al cases treat$ by ?is me?od1 ! w\nds be+ due to ! bites ( ! cobra4 ,aft] mak+ free crucial incisions ( ! bitt5 "p1 ! w\nd 0 ?or\ghly flu%$ ) a hot solution ( p]manganate ( potassium1 & !n b&ag$4 ,recov]y occurr$ 9 ea* in/ance1 al?\gh ! caut]ant action ( ! hot solution ( p]manganate ( potassium delay$ heal+ s long t ! "p 0 n well = ab\t #c weeks4 ,ab\t #ab or #ac ye>s ago1 ,dr4 ,amos ,b>b]1 ( ,*ey5ne1 ,wyom+1 report$ cases 9 :i* excell5t results _h foll[$ ?is me?od ( treatm5t4 #fdd ,soaps 7,see also ,clean+ ,comp\nds & ,poli%es47 ,,antiseptic ,,soap4 ,i4--,v>i\s attempts h be5 made to incorporate antiseptics & cosmetics ) soap1 b = ! mo/ "p unsuccessfully1 ow+ to ! unfavorable action ( ! add$ compon5ts1 a good in/ance ( ?is k9d be+ sodium p]oxide1 :i*1 ?\gh a p[]ful antiseptic1 soon decomposes 9 ! soap & loses its prop]ties1 :ile ! cau/ic "* ( ! oxide r5d]s its use prec>i\s1 ev5 :5 ! soap is fre%1 unless great c>e is tak54 ,h[ev]1 accord+ to a ,g]man pat5t1 z9c p]oxide is free f ^! defects1 s9ce x reta9s its /ability & has no corrosive action on ! sk91 :ile possess+ p[]ful antiseptic & cosmetic prop]ties1 & has a direct curative influ5ce :5 appli$ to cuts or w\nds4 ,,ii4--,! soap is prep>$ by melt+ #hj p>ts ( h\sehold soap 9 a jacket$ pan1 & gradually add+ #bj p>ts ( moi/ z9c p]oxide 7#ej p] c5t /r5g?71 ! :ole be+ kept well /irr$ all ! "t4 ,! f9i%$ mixture w be ab\t z /iff z d\gh1 & is easily %ap$ into tablets ( conv5i5t size4 ,,iii4--,take #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( cau/ic soda ( #gj p] c5t1 & free f c>bonic acid1 if possible2 #bjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( sweet almond oil2 #afj p>ts1 by weight1 ( glyc]9e ( #cj ,b42 & suffici5t di/ill$ wat] to make up #a1jjj p>ts by weight4 ,fir/1 dissolve ! alkali 9 d\ble its weight ( wat]1 !n add ! glyc]9e & oil & /ir toge!r4 ,aft]w>ds1 add ! rema9d] ( ! wat] & keep ! :ole on ! wat] ba? at a temp]ature ( #adj to #aeh ,f41 = #bd to #cf h\rs2 remove ! oil n saponifi$1 :i* gives a gelat9\s mass4 ,mix #ijj p>ts1 by weight1 ( x ) #gj p>ts1 by weight1 ( #ij p] c5t alcohol & #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( lemon oil1 & z mu* ( ! oil ( b]gamot & ! oil ( v]va94 ,heat = "s h\rs at #adj ,f41 !n all[ to cool & filt] on wadd+ to elim9ate ! ne$les ( /e>ate ( pota%4 ,! liquid aft] filt]+ rema9s cle>4 ,c>pet ,soap4-- ,full]'s e>? #d ounces ,spirits ( turp5t9e #a ounce ,pe>la% #h ounces ,rub smoo? & make into a /iff pa/e ) a suffici5cy ( s(t soap4 ,to ,cut ,ca/ile ,soap4--,a ?9 spatula mu/ be us$4 ,to cut /raight1 a tr\gh ) op5 ends made ) #a_/b-;in* bo>ds %\ld be tak51 ! inside dim5sions be+ #b #g_/h in*es wide1 #c #c_/d in*es deep1 & ab\t #ad in*es long4 ,ne> ! end a p]p5dicul> slit is saw$ ?r\gh ! side pieces4 ,pass+ ! spatula d[n ?r\gh ?is slit ! b> is cut neatly & /raight4 ,= trimm+ (f ! corn]s a c>p5t]'s small iron plane works well4 ,,color+ ,,soap4 ,! fir/ po9t to be obs]v$ is to select ! prop] %ade ( fl[] correspond+ ) ! p]fume us$1 = in/ance1 an almond soap is left :ite2 rose soap is color$ p9k or r$2 mignonette1 gre51 etc4 ,! colors f :i* ! soapmak] may select are num]\s2 n only are mo/ ( ! coal-t> colors adapt$ = 8 purpose1 b also a v great numb] ( m9]al colors4 ,until rec5tly1 ! latt] 7 almo/ exclusively employ$1 b ! great advance 9 ! t>-color indu/ry has br\ght ab\t a *ange4 ,a prom95t advantage ( ! m9]al colors is _! /ability2 !y are n *ang$ or 9 any way affect$ by exposure to light4 ,?is advantage1 h[ev]1 is (fset 9 _m cases by ! m difficult me?od ( application1 ! difficulty ( gett+ uni=m %ades4 ,! coal-t> colors give brilliant %ades & t9ts1 are easy to use1 & produce uni=m t9ts4 ,! specific gravity ( m9]al colors be+ r high1 9 mo/ cases !y w naturally t5d to settle t[>d ! bottom ( soap1 & _! use necessitates crut*+ ( ! soap until x is too ?ick to all[ ! color to settle4 ,= mottl$ soap1 h[ev]1 v]milion1 r$ oxide1 & ultram>9e are /ill l>gely employ$4 ,= transp>5t soap m9]al colors are n applicable1 z !y w\ld detract f _! transp>5cy2 = mill$ toilet soap1 on ! o!r h&1 !y are v well adapt$1 z also = cold-made soaps :i* require crut*+ anyway until a suffici5t consi/5cy is obta9$ to keep ! color+ mat]ial susp5d$4 ,a notable disadvantage 9 ! use ( anil9e colors1 besides _! s5sitiv5ess to ! action ( light1 is ! fact t _m ( !m are affect$ & p>tly de/roy$ by ! action ( alkali4 ,a few ( !m are pro( aga9/ a small excess ( lye1 & ^! may be us$ ) good effect4 ,c]ta9 firms h made a specialty ( manufactur+ colors answ]+ ! peculi> requirem5ts ( soap1 be+ v easy ( #fde application1 z !y are simply dissolv$ 9 boil+ wat] & ! solution /irr$ into ! soap4 ,to "s colors a little weak lye is add$2 o!rs are mix$ ) a little oil be=e !y are add$ to ! soap4 ,= a soluble r$ color !re 7 =m]ly us$ alkanet & co*9eal2 at pres5t ^! h be5 displac$ to a great ext5t1 on acc\nt ( _! high co/1 by mag5ta1 :i* is v *eap & ( rem>kable beauty4 ,a v small am\nt suffices = an int5se color1 nor is a l>ge proportion desirable1 z ! soap w\ld !n /a94 ,delicate t9ts are also produc$ by ! eos9e colors1 ( :i* rose b5gal1 phlox9e1 rhodam9e1 & eos9e are mo/ commonly us$4 ,^! colors1 :5 dissolv$1 h a brilliant fluoresc5ce :i* height5s _! beautiful effect4 ,! foll[+ m9]als1 aft] be+ gr\nd & wa%$ sev]al times 9 boil+ wat]1 w produce ! colors /at$3 ,hematite produces deep r$4 ,purple oxide iron produces purple4 ,oxide ( manganese produces br[n4 ,yell[ o*] produces yell[4 ,yell[ o*] calc9$ produces orange4 ,umb] produces fawn4 ,c9nab> produces m$ium r$4 ,!re are also a numb] ( ! azo dyes1 :i* are suitable = soaps1 & ^!1 z well z ! eos9e colors1 are us$ pr9cipally = transp>5t soaps4 ,= opaque soaps bo? anil9e & m9]al r$s are us$1 among ! latt] be+ v]milion1 *rome r$1 & iron oxide4 ,*rome r$ is a basic *romate ( lead1 :i* is n[ mu* us$ 9 place ( v]milion1 b1 z x becomes black on exposure to an atmosph]e conta9+ ev5 traces only ( sulphuret$ hydrog51 x is n ess5tially adapt$ = soap4 ,v]milion gives a bright color1 b its price is high4 ,iron oxide1 kn[n 9 ! trade z colco?>1 r\ge1 etc41 is us$ = *eap soaps only4 ,among ! natural colors = yell[ are saffron1 gamboge1 turm]ic1 & c>amel 7sug> color72 ! fir/ nam$ ( ^! is n[ h>dly us$1 ow+ to its high co/4 ,( ! yell[ anil9e colors special m5tion mu/ be made ( picric acid 7tr9itroph5ol71 m>tius yell[1 naph?ol yell[1 acid yell[1 & auram9e4 ,if an orange t9t is want$1 a trace ( mag5ta or safran9e may be add$ to ! yell[ colors nam$4 ,! use ( "s unblea*$ palm oil ) ! /ock answ]s a simil> purpose1 b ! color fades on exposure4 ,a m9]al yell[ is *rome yell[ 7*romate ( lead71 :i* has ! same advantages & disadvantages z *rome r$4 ,( ! blue anil9e colors1 !re may be us$ alkali blue1 pat5t blue1 & indigo extract4 ,alkali or anil9e blue is soluble only 9 alkal9e liquids2 :ile pat5t blue is soluble 9 wat] & 9 alcohol4 ,bo? blues c be _h 9 diff]5t br&s1 produc+ f gre5 blues to violet blues4 ,indigo extract1 :i* %\ld be class$ among ! natural colors r ?an among ! t> colors1 is add$ to ! soap 9 aque\s solution4 ,( ultram>9e !re are two modifications1 ! sulphate & ! soda4 ,bo? ( ^! are pro( aga9/ ! action ( alkali1 b are decompos$ by acids or salts hav+ an acid reaction4 ,! =m] is mu* pal] ?an ! latt]2 ! soda ultram>9e is be/ adapt$ = color+ soda soaps blue4 ,! ultram>9e is add$ to ! soap 9 ! =m ( a f9e p[d]4 ,smalt is unsuitable1 al?\gh x gives soap a color ( wond]ful beauty because a consid]able quantity ( x is requir$ to produce a deep color1 &1 fur!rmore1 x makes ! soap r\gh1 ow+ to ! gritty nature :i* smalt has ev5 :5 9 ! f9e/ p[d]4 ,by mix+ ! blue & yell[ colors nam$1 a great v>iety ( gre5s are obta9$4 ,bo? compon5t colors mu/ be entirely free f any r$di% t9t1 = ! latt] w\ld cause ! mixture to =m a dirty-gre5 color4 ,( ! colors produc+ gre5 directly ! two t> colors1 ,victoria & brilliant gre51 are to be not$2 ^! give a bright color1 b fade rapidly2 !reby ! soap acquires an unsightly appe>ance4 ,= opaque soap ( ! bett] grades1 gre5 ultram>9e or *rome gre5 are us$4 ,gray & black are produc$ by lampblack4 ,= br[n1 !re is ,bism>ck br[n among ! anil9e colors & umb] among ! e>?y pigm5ts4 ,g>m5t-,clean+ ,soap4--,! foll[+ is excell5t3 ,i4--,:ite soap1 rasp$ or %av$ #ab p>ts ,ammonia wat] #c p>ts ,boil+ wat] #ah p>ts ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat] & :5 x cools d[n some:at1 add to ! solution ! ammonia wat]4 ,p\r ! solution into a flask ( suffici5t capacity 7or hold+ ab\t ?ree times z mu* z ! mixture7 & add en\gh wat] to fill x ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s full4 ,%ake & add1 a little at a "t1 "u active agitation1 en\gh b5z9e to make #ajj p>ts4 ,?is con/itutes ! /ock #fdf bottle4 ,to make up ! mass or pa/e put a teaspoonful 9 an #h-ounce bottle & add1 a little at a "t1 ) con/ant agitation1 b5z9e to ab\t fill ! bottle4 ,?is prep>ation is a rapid clean] & does n injure ! mo/ delicate colors4 ,,ii4--,good b> soap1 %av$ up #afe p>ts ,ammonia wat] #de p>ts ,b5z9e #aij p>ts ,wat] suffici5t to make #a1jjj p>ts ,dissolve ! soap 9 #fjj p>ts ( wat] by heat+ on ! wat] ba?1 remove1 & add ! ammonia "u con/ant /irr+4 ,f9ally add ! b5z9e1 & /ir until homog5e\s1 & q cold4 ,! directions to g ) ?is pa/e are3 ,rub ! soap well into ! spot & lay ! g>m5t aside = a half h\r4 ,!n us+ a /iff bru%1 rub ) w>m wat] & r9se4 ,?is is especially useful 9 spots made by ros9s1 oils1 grease1 etc4 ,%\ld ! spot be only p>tially remov$ by ! fir/ application1 repeat4 ,glyc]9e ,soaps4--,dr4 ,s>g's liquid glyc]9e soap consi/s ( #ccd p>ts ( pota% soda soap1 & #fff p>ts ( glyc]9e free f lime1 ! mixture be+ sc5t$ ) ,turki% rose oil & orange blossom oil 9 equal proportions1 ! actual am\nt us$ be+ v>i$ accord+ to ta/e4 ,! soap %\ld be p]fectly free f alkali2 b z ?is is a condition difficult ( atta9m5t 9 ! case ( ord9>y pota% soaps1 x is presuppos$ t ! soap us$ has be5 salt$ out ) potassium *loride1 ?is be+ ! only way to obta9 a soap free f alkali4 ,ano!r v>iety ( liquid glyc]9e soap is prep>$ f purifi$ m$ic9al s(t soap1 #cjj p>ts2 glyc]9e free f lime1 #cjj p>ts2 :ite sug> syrup1 #cjj p>ts2 d\bly rectifi$ _s 7#if p] c5t71 #cjj p>ts4 ,! mixture is sc5t$ ) oil ( c9namon1 #a "p2 oil ( sassafras1 #b p>ts2 oil ( citronella1 #a_/b "p2 oil ( w9t]gre51 #a "p2 ,african g]anium oil1 #a "p2 clove oil1 #a_/b "p2 oil ( b]gamot1 #c p>ts2 pure t9cture ( musk1 #a_/b "p4 ,^! oils are dissolv$ 9 _s1 & %ak5 up ) ! o!r +r$i5ts2 !n left = #h days ) frequ5t %ak+1 & #c days 9 absolute quiet1 aft] :i* ! :ole is filt]$1 & is !n ready = pack+4 ,iod9e ,soaps4--,9 ,briti% hospitals1 pref]5ce is giv5 to oleic acid ov] alcoholic prep>ations = iod9e soaps1 z ! =m] d n /a9 & c be wa%$ (f ) soap & wat]4 ,! foll[+ =mula is giv53 ,i4--,iod9e #a av4 ounce ,oleic acid #a fluid\nce ,alcohol #f fluidra*ms ,/rong] wat] ( ammonia #b fluidra*ms ,?is makes a soapy pa/e soluble 9 all liquids1 except fix$ oils4 ,,ii4--,iod9e #a av4 ounce ,oleic acid #b fluid\nces ,/rong] wat] ( ammonia #c fluidra*ms ,p>aff9e oil1 colorless1 to make #bj fluid\nces ,,iii4--,iod9e #a av4 ounce ,alcohol #e fluid\nces ,solution ( ammonium oleate #a fluid\nce ,glyc]9e to make #bj fluid\nces ,! solution ( ammonium oleate is made f oleic acid & _s ( ammonia4 ,liquid ,soaps4--,liquid soaps1 or1 z !y are sometimes call$1 soap ess5ces1 are made f pure olive-oil soap by dissolv+ x 9 alcohol & add+ "s potassium c>bonate4 ,tall[ or l>d soaps _c be us$1 z !y w n make a transp>5t prep>ation4 ,! soap is f9ely %av$ & plac$ ) ! alcohol & potassium c>bonate 9 a vessel ov] a wat] ba?1 ! temp]ature sl[ly & gradually rais$1 :ile ! mixture is kept 9 con/ant agitation by /irr+4 ,! soap %\ld be ( a pure :ite color & ! alcohol gives ! be/ product :5 x is ab\t #hj p] c5t /r5g?4 ,aft] ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r to "o h\r1 solution w be complete & a p]fectly transp>5t article obta9$4 ,?is c be sc5t$ z desir$ by add+ ! prop] ess5tial oil z soon z ! mixture is remov$ f ! wat] ba?4 ,if an antiseptic soap is want$ ! addition ( a small am\nt ( b5zoic acid1 =maldehyde1 or corrosive sublimate w give ! desir$ product4 ,liquid soaps %\ld conta9 f #bj to #dj p] c5t ( g5u9e :ite ca/ile soap & ab\t #b to #b #a_/d p] c5t ( potassium c>bonate4 ,?is is a common =mula3 ,by weight ,i4--,olive or cottonse$ oil #fj p>ts ,cau/ic pota%1 ,u4,s4,p4 #ae p>ts ,alcohol & wat]1 suffici5t ( ea*4 #fdg ,dissolve ! pota% 9 #a ounce ( wat]1 heat ! oil on a wat] ba?1 add ! solution ( pota% previ\sly w>m$1 & /ir briskly4 ,cont9ue ! heat until saponification is complete4 ,if oil globules sep>ate out & refuse to saponify1 ! pota% is n ( prop] /r5g?1 & m mu/ be add$--#a or #b p>ts dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,if desir$ transp>5t add a little alcohol1 & cont9ue ! heat )\t /irr+ until a drop plac$ 9 cold wat] fir/ solidifies & !n dissolves4 ,comm]cial pota% may be us$1 b ! /r5g? mu/ be asc]ta9$ & adju/$ by exp]im5t4 ,! soap ?us made w be l jelly2 x is dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 #d to #f ounces ( soap to #b ( alcohol1 & aft] /&+ a day or two is filt]$ & p]fum$ z desir$4 ,a rancid oil w\ld be easi] to saponify1 b ! soap w\ld likely be rancid or n z good4 ,,ii4--,ammonium sulphoi*?yolate1 #aj p>ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 #ae p>ts2 hebra's soap _s 7a solution ( pota% soap1 #abj p>ts1 9 #ij p] c5t _s1 #fj p>ts2 & _s ( lav5d]1 #e p>ts71 #ge p>ts4 ,,m$icat$ ,,soaps4 ,fir/ make up a suitable soap body & aft]w>ds add ! m$icam5t4 ,= in/ance1 c>bolic soaps may be made z foll[s3 ,i4--,cocoanut oil #bj p\nds ,tall[ #d p\nds ,soda lye 7#ch to #dj;,b47 #ab p\nds ,ph5ol #a p\nd ,prep>e ! body soap by /irr+ ! liquefi$ fat into ! lye at #aac ,f41 & :5 comb9ation has set 91 incorporate ! ph5ol & quickly p\r into molds4 ,cov] ! latt] well4 ,in/ead ( ! ph5ol #b p\nds ( sulphur may be us$1 & a sulphur soap made4 ,p>ts by weight ,,ii4--,cotton oil #bjj ,alcohol1 #ia p] c5t #cjj ,wat] #cbe ,cau/ic soda #de ,potassium c>bonate #aj ,e!r #ae ,c>bolic acid #be ,! oil is mix$ 9 a l>ge bottle ) wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 alcohol1 #bjj p>ts2 & cau/ic soda1 #de p>ts1 & aft] saponification ! rema9+ alcohol & ! potassium c>bonate dissolv$ 9 ! re/ ( ! wat]1 & f9ally ! c>bolic acid & ! e!r are add$ & ! :ole well %ak54 ,! mixture is fill$ 9 tightly clos$ bottles & /or$ at m$ium temp]ature4 ,! prep>ation may be sc5t$ z desir$1 & ! c>bolic acid replac$ ) o!r antiseptics4 ,liquid ,t> ,soap4--,mix #bjj p>ts ( t> ) #djj p>ts ( oleic acid1 w>m lightly & filt]4 ,9 ?is way ! aque\s cont5t produces no tr\ble4 ,n[ w>m ! filtrate on ! wat] ba?1 neutralize by /irr+ 9 an alcoholic pota% solution4 ,to ! soap ?us produc$1 add #ajj p>ts ( alcohol1 & fur!r a little olive oil1 9 ord] to avoid a sep>ation ( any ov]plus ( alkal9e matt]4 ,f9ally1 br+ up to #a1jjj p>ts ) glyc]9e4 ,?is soap1 conta9+ #bb p] c5t ( t>1 answ]s all possible dem&s t may be made ^u x4 ,mix$ ) #b p>ts ( di/ill$ wat] x leaves no deposit on ! walls ( ! conta9]4 ,liquid ,/yrax ,soap4--,! process is id5tical ) ! =ego+4 ,= dige/ion ) oleic acid1 ! crude balsam w answ]1 s9ce filtration deprives ! product ( all contam9at+ sub/ances4 ,:ile ?is soap w sep>ate1 x is easily aga9 r5d]$ homog5e\s ) a vigor\s %ake4 ,prep>ations made ) x %\ld be accompani$ ) a 8%ake0 label4 ,sup]fatt$ ,liquid ,lanol9-,glyc]9e ,soap4--,dissolve ab\t #aj p] c5t ( lanol9 9 oleic acid1 saponify z 9 ! t> soap1 & p]fume 7= :i* a solution ( c\m>9 9 g]anium oil is probably ! mo/ suitable ag5t74 ,! prep>$ soap is improv$ by ! addition ( a little t9cture ( b5zo94 ,massage ,soaps4--,i4--,an excell5t recipe = a massage soap is3 ,special cocoanut oil gr\nd soap1 #b1ejj p\nds2 lanol91 #ej p\nds2 p9e-ne$le oil1 #bj p\nds2 spike oil1 #c p\nds4 ,o!r massage soaps are made f olive oil gr\nd soap1 to :i* 9 special cases1 z 9 ! treatm5t ( c]ta9 rheumatic affections1 i*?yol is add$4 ,massage soaps are always want$ :ite1 s t ,co*9 cocoanut oil %\ld be pref]r$ to o!r k9ds4 ,,ii4--,cocoanut oil1 #a1jjj p\nds2 cau/ic soda lye1 #cg ,b41 #ejj p\nds2 p9e-ne$le oil1 #d p\nds2 artificial bitt] almond oil1 #b p\nds4 ,!re is also a 8massage cream10 :i* diff]s f ! ord9>y massage soaps 9 be+ made ) a s(t pota% soap z a gr\nd soap4 ,! oils1 etc41 incorporat$ ) ! gr\nd mass are exactly ! same 9 ! 8cream0 z 9 ! soap4 #fdh ,metallic ,soaps4--,metallic soaps are obta9$ by means ( d\ble decomposition4 ,fir/ a soap solution is produc$ :i* is br\ght to a boil4 ,on ! o!r h&1 an equally /rong solution ( ! metallic salt ( :i* ! comb9ation is to be made 7*lorides & sulphides are employ$ ) pref]5ce7 is prep>$1 ! boil+ solutions are mix$ toge!r1 & ! metallic soap obta9$ is ga!r$ on a l95 clo?4 ,?is is !n put on enamel$ plates & dri$1 fir/ at #ajd ,f41 lat] at #adj ,f4 ,alum9um soap is ! mo/ important4 ,dissolv$ 9 b5z9e or oil ( turp5t9e1 x furni%es an excell5t v>ni%4 ,x has be5 propos$ to use ^! solutions = ! v>ni%+ ( lea!r2 !y fur!rmore s]ve = ! production ( wat]pro( l95 & clo?s1 pap]1 etc4 ,j>ry recomm5d$ ?is comp\nd = impregnat+ railroad ties to r5d] !m wea!rpro(4 ,manganese soap is us$ z a siccative 9 ! prep>ation ( l9se$-oil v>ni%1 z well z = a dri] to be add$ to pa9ts4 ,z9c soap is us$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,copp] soap ent]s into ! composition ( gild+ wax1 & is also employ$ = bronz+ pla/] ( ,p>is articles4 ,= ! same purpose1 a mixture is made use ( consi/+ ( copp] soap & iron soap melt$ 9 :ite lead v>ni% & wax4 ,iron soap is us$ ) alum9um soap = wat]pro(+ purposes & = ! production ( a wat]pro( v>ni%4 ,by us+ wax in/ead ( a soap1 insoluble metallic soaps are obta9$1 :i*1 melt$ 9 oils or wax1 imp>t brilliant color+s to !m2 b color$ wat]pro( & wea!r-resi/+ v>ni%es may also be produc$ ) !m4 ,metallic ros9 soaps may be produc$ by d\ble decomposition ( pota% ros9 soaps & a soluble metal salt4 ,f ^!1 good v>ni%es are obta9$ to r5d] pap] c>riage cov]s1 etc41 wat]pro(2 !y may also be employ$ = floor wax or lacqu]s4 ,petroleum ,soap4-- ,i4--,beeswax1 ref9$ #d p>ts ,alcohol #e p>ts ,ca/ile soap1 f9ely grat$ #aj p>ts ,petroleum #e p>ts ,put ! petroleum into a suitable vessel along ) ! wax & alcohol & cauti\sly heat on ! wat] ba?1 ) an occasional agitation1 until complete solution is effect$4 ,add ! soap & cont9ue ! heat until x is dissolv$4 ,:5 ?is occurs remove f ! ba? & /ir until ! soap beg9s to set1 !n p\r into molds4 ,,ii4--,! hydroc>bons 7z petroleum1 vasel9e1 etc47 are boil$ ) a suffici5t quantity ( alkali to =m a soap1 dur+ :i* process !y absorb oxyg5 & unite ) ! alkali to =m fatty acid salts4 ,! result+ soap is dissolv$ 9 wat] conta9+ alkali1 & ! solution is heat$ along ) alkali & salt4 ,! mass ( soap sep>ates out 9 ?ree lay]s1 ! c5tral "o be+ ! pure/2 & f ?is product ! fatty acids may be recov]$ by treatm5t ) sulphuric acid4 ,p]fumes = ,soap4--,f #a to #b ounces ( ! foll[+ mixtures are to be us$ to #aj p\nds ( soap3 ,i4--,oil ( rose g]anium #b ounces ,oil ( pat*\li #a_/b ounce ,oil ( cloves #a_/b ounce ,oil ( lav5d] fl[]s #a ounce ,oil ( b]gamot #a ounce ,oil ( s&alwood #a ounce ,,ii4--,oil ( b]gamot #b ounces ,oil ( orange fl[]s #b ounces ,oil ( sassafras #b ounces ,oil ( :ite ?yme #c ounces ,oil ( cassia #c ounces ,oil ( cloves #c ounces ,,iii4--,oil ( citronella #a ounce ,oil ( cloves #a ounce ,oil ( bitt] almonds #b ounces ,pumice-,/one ,soaps4--,^! soaps are always produc$ by ! cold process1 ei!r f cocoanut oil alone or 9 conjunction ) tall[1 cotton oil1 blea*$ palm oil1 etc4 ,! oil is melt$ & ! lye /irr$ 9 at ab\t #ij ,f42 next1 ! p[d]$ pumice /one is sift$ into ! soap & ! latt] is sc5t$4 ,foll[+ are "s recipes3 ,i4--,cocoanut oil #dj1jjj p>ts ,cotton oil #aj1jjj p>ts ,cau/ic soda lye1 #ch ,b #bd1jjj p>ts ,cau/ic pota% lye1 #cj ,b #a1jjj p>ts ,p[d]$ pumice /one #be1jjj p>ts ,cassia oil #aej p>ts ,rosem>y oil #ajj p>ts ,lav5d] oil #ej p>ts ,safrol #ej p>ts ,clove oil #aj p>ts ,,ii4--,cocoanut oil #ej1jjj p>ts ,cau/ic soda lye1 #dj ,b #be1jjj p>ts #fdi ,p[d]$ pumice /one #ej1jjj p>ts ,lav5d] oil #bej p>ts ,c>away oil #hj p>ts ,%av+ ,soaps4 ,i4--,palm oil soap #e p\nds ,oil ( c9namon #aj dra*ms ,oil ( c>away #b dra*ms ,oil ( lav5d] #b dra*ms ,oil ( ?yme #a dra*m ,oil ( pepp]m9t #de m9ims ,oil ( b]gamot #b #a_/b dra*ms ,melt ! soap1 color if desir$1 & incorporate ! oils4 ,,ii4--,soap #aj p\nds ,alcohol #a ounce ,oil ( bitt] almonds #a #a_/d ounces ,oil ( b]gamot #c_/d ounce ,oil ( mace #c dra*ms ,oil ( cloves #a_/b ounce ,melt ! soap ) j en\gh wat] to conv]t x into a s(t pa/e :5 cold2 dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol1 mix ) ! pa/e1 & rub up 9 a mort>1 or pass sev]al times ?r\gh a knead+ ma*9e4 ,,iii4--,:ite ca/ile soap #e p>ts ,alcohol #ae p>ts ,rose wat] #ae p>ts ,,soap ,,p[d]s4 ,! raw mat]ials ( :i* soap p[d] is made are soap & soda1 to :i* +r$i5ts an addition ( talcum or wat] glass c be made1 if desir$1 ^! mat]ials prov+ v useful z a fill+4 ,an excell5t soap p[d] has be5 made ( #bj p>ts ( cry/alliz$ soda1 #e p>ts ( d>k-yell[ soap 7ros9 curd71 & #a "p ( ord9>y s(t soap4 ,at fir/ ! two la/ m5tion$ are plac$ 9 a pan1 !n half ! requir$ quantity ( soda is add$1 & ! :ole is treat$4 ,"h x mu/ be m5tion$ t ! d>k-yell[ curd soap1 :i* is v ros9\s1 has to be cut 9 small pieces be=e plac+ ! quantity into ! pan4 ,! heat+ process mu/ cont9ue v sl[ly1 & ! mat]ial has to be crut*$ cont9ually until ! :ole ( ! sub/ance has be5 ?or\ghly melt$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! heat+ process does n rea* ! boil+ po9t4 ,! fire und]nea? ! pan mu/ n[ be ext+ui%$1 & !n ! rema9+ half ( ! cry/alliz$ soda is add$ to be crut*$ ) ! molt5 +r$i5ts1 until ! :ole sub/ance has become liquid4 ,! liquefaction is assi/$ by ! residual heat ( ! fir/ heat$ mat]ial & ! pan4 ,! sl[ cool+ facilitates ! productive process by ?ick5+ ! mass1 & :5 ! soda has be5 absorb$1 ! :ole has become fairly ?ick4 ,) occasional /irr+ ( ! ?ick5$ liquid ! mass is left = a little :ile long]1 & :5 ! prop] mom5t has arriv$ ! mat]ial conta9$ 9 ! pan is spread on %eets ( ?9 iron1 & ^! are remov$ to a cool room1 :]e1 aft] ! fir/ cool+1 !y mu/ be turn$ ov] by means ( a %ovel1 & ! turn+ process has to be repeat$ at %ort int]vals until ! mat]ial has q cool$ d[n & ! mixture is ?or\ghly brok54 ,! soap is n[ 9 a v friable condition1 & ! "t has n[ come to make x into p[d]1 = :i* purpose x is rubb$ ?r\gh ! wire nett+ or ! p]=at$ sieves4 ,g5]ally ! soap is fir/ rubb$ ?r\gh a co>se sieve1 & !n ?r\gh f9] ones1 until x has rea*$ ! requir$ conditions ( ! p[d]4 ,"s ( ! be/ soap p[d]s are co>se1 b o!r manufactur]s mak+ an equally good article pref] ! f9] p[d]1 :i* requires a little m "w1 s9ce x has to g ?r\gh ?ree sieves1 :]eas ! co>se p[d] c d ) "o or at mo/ two treatm5ts4 ,b ?is is1 aft] all1 a matt] ( local requirem5ts or p]sonal ta/e4 ,! p[d] obta9$ f ! above-m5tion$ +r$i5ts is f9e & yell[ color$1 & x has all ! qualities ne$$ = a good sale4 ,in/ead ( ! d>k-yell[ soap1 :ite /ock soap c also be us$1 & ?is makes only a little diff]5ce 9 ! color+4 ,b aga9 :ite /ock soap c be us$1 & ! same color obta9$ by ! use ( palm oil1 or o!r color+ +r$i5ts1 z ^! mat]ials are us$ = giv+ ! toilet soaps _! manifold diff]5t hues4 ,_m mak]s /ate t ?is process is too exp5sive1 & n only swall[s up all ! pr(it1 b "s ( ! color mat]ials influ5ce ! soap & n to its advantage4 ,s(t soap is us$ only to make ! p[d] s(t] & easi] soluble1 & = ?is reason ! quantity to be us$ v>ies a little & diff]5t manufactur]s believe to h a secret by add+ diff]5t quantities ( ?is mat]ial4 ,z a g5]al /atem5t x may be giv5 t ! quantity ( s(t soap = ! mak+ ( soap p[d] %\ld n ov]/ep ! proportion ( "o to ?ree1 comp>$ ) ! quantity ( h>d soap2 any excess 9 ?is direction w\ld fru/rate ! desires ( ! mak]1 & l& him ) a product :i* has become sme>y & moi/1 =m+ into balls & lump+ toge!r #fej 9 bags or cases1 to become discolor$ & useless4 ,x is be/ to /ick to ! proportion z giv51 #e p>ts ( h>d & #a "p ( s(t soap1 :5 ! produc$ p[d] w be reliable & /able & n =m into balls ev5 if ! mat]ial is kept = a long :ile4 ,?is po9t is ( special importance1 s9ce soap p[d] is sold mo/ly 9 weigh$-out packages ( "o & a half p\nds4 ,mo/ manufactur]s w admit t loose soap p[d] =ms only a small "p ( ! quantities produc$1 z only big laundries & in/itutions pur*ase same 9 bags or cases4 ,! retail trade requires ! soap p[d] wrapp$ up 9 pap]1 & if ?is has to be done ! p[d] mu/ n be too moi/1 z ! pap] o!rwise w fall to pieces4 ,?is spoils ! appe>ance ( ! package1 & likely a "p ( ! quantity may be lo/4 ,:5 ! p[d] is too moi/ or absorbs easily ext]nal moi/ure1 ! pap] packages swell v easily & bur/ op54 ,! be/ fill+ mat]ial to be employ$ :5 x is desir$ to produce a *eap] article is talcum1 & 9 mo/ cases ?is is pref]r$ to wat] glass4 ,! sup]iority ( ! =m] ov] ! latt] is t wat] glass h>d5s ! p[d]1 & ?is is sometimes done to su* an ext5t1 :5 a l>ge quantity ( fill+ mat]ial is ne$$1 t x becomes v difficult to rub ! soap ?r\gh ! sieves4 ,9 case ?is difficulty arises1 only "o ?+ c be done to light5 ! task1 & t is to p[d]ize ! soap :5 ! mix$ mat]ials are /ill w>m1 & ?is facilitates ! "w v mu*4 ,x is self-evid5t t friction "u ^! conditions leaves a quantity ( ! soap p[d] mat]ial on ! sieves1 & ?is _c be lo/4 ,g5]ally x is scrap$ toge!r & return$ to ! pan to be includ$ 9 ! next bat*1 :5 x is work$ up1 & s becomes useful1 a ne$ :i* does n arise :5 talcum has be5 us$ z a fill+ mat]ial4 ,aga91 ! soap p[d] made ) ! addition ( wat] glass is n s soluble1 & at ! same "t mu* d5s] ?an :5 ! prep>ation has be5 made )\t ?is mat]ial4 ,x is ?us t ! pur*as] receives by equal weight a small]-look+ quantity1 & z ! eye has g5]ally a great influ5ce :5 ! consum] det]m9es a pur*ase1 ! small-siz$ p>cels w impress him unfavorably4 ,?is second quality ( soap p[d] is made ( ! same +r$i5ts z ! o!r1 except t an addition ( ab\t #f p>ts ( talcum is made1 & ?is is /irr$ up ) ! o!r mat]ial aft] all ! soda has be5 dissolv$4 ,"s mak]s *eap5 ! products also by r$uc+ ! quantity ( h>d soap f #e to #c p>ts & !y avoid ! fill+2 ! same quantity ( soda is us$ 9 all cases4 ,on ! same pr9ciple a bett] quality is made by alt]+ ! proportions ( soda & soap ! o!r way4 ,exp]im5ts w soon %[ :i* proportions are mo/ suitable = ! purpose4 ,s-call$ ammonia-turp5t9e soap p[d] has be5 made by crut*+ oil ( turp5t9e & ammonia ) ! mat]ials j ab\t ! "t be=e ! :ole is tak5 out ( ! heat+ pan4 ,"s ( ! p[d] is also sc5t$1 & ! p]fume is add$ at ! same "t & n be=e4 ,9 mo/ ( ! latt] cases mirbane oil is us$ = ! purpose4 ,^! p[d]s are adaptable to h>d wat]1 z _! excess ( alkali neutralizes ! lime t !y conta93 ,i4--,curd 7h>d7 soap1 p[d]$ #d p>ts ,sal soda #c p>ts ,silicate ( soda #b p>ts ,make z dry z possible1 & mix intimately4 ,borax ,soap ,p[d]4-- ,,ii4--,curd 7h>d7 soap1 9 p[d] #e p>ts ,soda a% #c p>ts ,silicate ( soda #b p>ts ,borax 7crude7 #a "p ,ea* +r$i5t is ?or\ghly dri$1 & all mix$ toge!r by siev+4 ,london ,soap ,p[d]4-- ,,iii4--,yell[ soap #f p>ts ,soda cry/als #c p>ts ,pe>l a% #a #a_/b p>ts ,sulphate ( soda #a #a_/b p>ts ,palm oil #a "p ,,toilet ,,soaps4 ,! "q z to ! qualities ( toilet soaps has a high !rapeutical significance4 ,impurity ( complexion & morbid anomalies ( ! sk9 are produc$ by ! use ( poor & unsuitable soaps4 ,! latt]1 *emically reg>d$1 are salts ( fatty acids1 & are prep>$ f fats & a lye1 ! two sub/ances be+ mix$ 9 a vessel & br\ght to a boil1 soda lye be+ us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( toilet soaps4 ,9 boil+ toge!r a fat & a lye1 ! =m] is resolv$ into its compon5t p>ts1 a fatty acid & glyc]9e4 ,! #fea acid unites ) ! soda lye1 =m+ a salt1 :i* is reg>d$ z soap4 ,by ! addition ( sodium *loride1 ?is 7! soap7 is sep>at$ & swims on ! residual liquid z 8k]n10 or granulat$ soap4 ,good soaps 7 =m]ly made only f animal fats1 b "s ( ! vegetable oils or fats h be5 f\nd to also make excell5t soap4 ,among !m ! be/ is cacao butt]4 ,f a hygi5ic /&po9t x mu/ be accept$ z a law t a good toilet soap mu/ conta9 no free 7uncomb9$7 alkali1 e p>ticle ( x mu/ be *emically b\nd up ) fatty acid to ! condition ( a salt1 & ! resultant soap %\ld be neutral 9 reaction4 ,_m ( ! soaps f\nd 9 comm]ce to-day conta9 free alkali1 & ex]t a h>mful effect ^u ! sk9 ( ^? :o use !m4 ,su* soaps may readily be detect$ by br++ !m into contact ) ! tongue4 ,if free alkali be pres5t x w make itself kn[n by caus+ a burn+ s5sation--some?+ t a good toilet soap %\ld nev] d4 ,! effici5cy ( soap dep5ds ^u ! fact t 9 ! pres5ce ( an abundance ( wat] ! saponifi$ fat is decompos$ into acid & basic salts1 9 :i* ! impurities ( ! sk9 are dissolv$ & are wa%$ away by ! fur!r application ( wat]4 ,good soap ex]ts its effects on ! out] lay] ( ! sk91 ! s-call$ horny 7epi!lial7 lay]1 :i* 9 soapy wat] swells up & is1 9 fact1 p>tially dissolv$ 9 ! m$ium & wa%$ away4 ,?is fact1 h[ev]1 is unimportant1 s9ce ! sup]ficial sk9 cells are reproduc$ ) extraord9>y rapidity & ease4 ,:5 a soap conta9s or c>ries free alkali1 ! cau/ic effects ( ! latt] are c>ri$ fur!r & deep]1 rea*+ bel[ ! epi!lial cells & attack+ ! true sk91 9 :i* x causes m9ute rifts & splits & r5d]s x sore & pa9ful4 ,good soap1 on ! contr>y1 makes ! sk9 smoo? & s(t4 ,s9ce ! employm5t ( poor soaps works s injuri\sly ^u ! sk91 _m p]sons nev]1 or r>ely ev]1 use soap1 b wa% ! face 9 wat] alone1 or ) a little almond bran add$4 ,_! sk9s _c be> ! regul> application ( poor soap4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 applies only to poor1 free-alkali conta9+ soaps4 ,any sk9 c be> )\t injury any am\nt ( a good toilet soap1 free f uncomb9$ alkali & o!r impurities4 ,! habit ( wa%+ ! face ) wat] only1 )\t ! use ( soap1 mu/ be reg>d$ z "o altoge!r bad1 s9ce ! deposits on ! sk91 mo/ly du/-p>ticles & dead epi!lial cells1 m+l+ ) ! oily or greasy matt] exud$ f ! fat gl&s ( ! sk9--excell5t nutri5t m$ia = colonies ( bact]ia--_c be got rid ( by wat] alone4 ,rubb+ only =ces ! mass into ! op5+s 9 ! sk9 7! sweat gl&s1 fat gl&s1 etc471 & /ops !m up4 ,9 ?is way are produc$ ! s-call$ 8black heads0 & o!r spots & blot*es on ! sk9 usually ref]r$ to by ! un$ucat$1 or p>tially educat$1 z 8p>asites40 ,! complexion is 9 ?is mann] injur$ q z mu* by ! failure to use good soap z by ! use ( a poor or bad article4 ,all ( ! sk9 tr\bles ref]r$ to may be totally avoid$ by ! daily use ( a neutral1 alkali-free soap1 & ! complexion ?us kept fre% & pure4 ,completely neutral soaps1 h[ev]1 are m difficult to manufacture--requir+ m skill & c>e ?an ^? 9 :i* no att5tion is paid to excess ( alkali--& consequ5tly co/ m ?an ! g5]al public are accu/om$1 or1 9 fact1 c>e to pay = soaps4 ,:ile ?is is true1 "o mu/ n judge ! quality ( a soap by ! price dem&$ = x4 ,"s ( ! manufactur]s ( mis]able soaps *>ge ! public "s ( ! mo/ outrage\s prices4 ,nei!r c a soap be judg$ by its odor or its /yle ( package & putt+ on ! m>ket4 ,to give a soap an agreeable odor ! manufactur]s add to x1 j :5 x comm5ces to cool (f1 an e!ric oil 7su* z att> ( rose1 oil ( violets1 b]gamot oil1 etc471 or "s balsamic mat]ial 7su* z t9cture ( b5zo91 = in/ance74 ,x %\ld be kn[n1 h[ev]1 t :ile grateful to ! olfactory n]ves1 ^! sub/ances d n add "o p>ticle to ! value ( ! soap1 ei!r z a det]g5t or z a pres]v] ( ! sk9 or complexion4 ,especially h>mful to ! sk9 are soaps conta9+ =eign sub/ances1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! />*es1 gelat91 clay1 *alk1 gums1 or ros9s1 potato fl\r1 etc41 :i* are g5]ally add$ to increase ! weight ( soap4 ,su* soaps are designat$1 v significantly1 8fill$ soaps10 &1 z a class1 are to be avoid$1 if = no o!r reason1 on acc\nt ( _! lack ( true soap cont5t4 ,! use ( ^! fill]s %\ld be reg>d$ z a crim9al falsification "u ! laws reg>d+ articles ( dome/ic use1 s9ce !y are sold at a relatively high price1 yet conta9 =eign matt]1 h>mful to heal?4 #feb ,,recipes ,,= ,,cold-,,/irr$ ,,toilet ,,soaps4 ,p>ts by weight ,i4--,cocoanut oil #cj ,ca/or oil #c ,cau/ic soda lye 7#ch ,b7 #ag #a_/b ,p9k ,soap4-- ,p>ts by weight ,,ii4--,p9k ,no4 #aad #aj ,lemon oil #fj ,c$>-wood oil #fj ,citronella oil #ej ,w9t]gre5 oil #ae ,pale-,yell[ ,soap4-- ,p>ts by weight ,,iii4--,orange ,no4 #daj #aj ,citronella oil #fj ,sassafras oil #fj ,lav5d] oil #de ,w9t]gre5 oil #ae ,anise$ oil #be ,toilet ,soap ,p[d]4-- ,m>seilles soap1 p[d]$ #ajj p>ts ,bran ( almonds #ej p>ts ,lav5d] oil #e p>ts ,?yme oil #c p>ts ,spike oil #b p>ts ,citronella oil #b p>ts ,s(t ,toilet ,soaps4--,s(t toilet soaps or creams may be prep>$ f fre% l>d ) a small addition ( cocoanut oil & cau/ic pota% solution1 by ! cold process or by boil+4 ,= ! cold process1 #bc p>ts ( fre% l>d & #b p>ts ( ,co*9 cocoanut oil are w>m$ 9 a jacket$ pan1 & :5 ! temp]ature rea*es #aac ,f4 are treat$ ) #i p>ts ( cau/ic pota% & #b #a_/b p>ts ( cau/ic soda solution1 bo? ( #ch ,b4 /r5g?1 ! :ole be+ /irr$ until saponification is complete4 ,! soap is transf]r$ to a l>ge m>ble mort> & p\nd$ along ) ! foll[+ sc5t+ +r$i5ts3 #j4ae p>ts ( oil ( bitt] almonds & #j4jb p>ts ( oil ( g]anium rose1 or #j4a "p ( ! latt]1 & #j4je p>ts ( lemon oil4 ,! w>m process is pref]able1 exp]i5ce hav+ %[n t boil+ is ess5tial to ! prop] saponification ( ! fats4 ,9 ?is me?od1 #hj p>ts ( l>d & #bj p>ts ( ,co*9 cocoanut oil are melt$ toge!r 9 a l>ge pan1 #ajj p>ts ( pota% lye 7#bj ,b47 be+ !n crut*$ 9 by degrees1 & ! mass rais$ to boil+ po9t4 ,! comb9$ influ5ce ( ! heat & crut*+ vaporizes "p ( ! wat] 9 ! lye1 & ! soap ?ick5s4 ,:5 ! soap has comb9$1 ! fire is made up1 & ano!r #hj p>ts ( ! same pota% lye are crut*$ 9 gradually4 ,! soap gets ?ick] & ?ick] z ! wat] is expell$ & f9ally ?r[s up 8roses0 on ! surface1 indicat+ t x is ne>ly f9i%$4 ,at ?is /age x mu/ be crut*$ vigor\sly1 to prev5t scor*+ aga9/ ! bottom ( ! pan & ! result+ m or less d>k coloration4 ,! evaporation p]iod may be %ort5$ by us+ only #ej to #fj p>ts ( lye at fir/1 & fitt+ ) lye ( #be to #cj /r5g?4 ,= work+ on ! l>ge scale iron pans heat$ by /eam are us$1 a few mak]s employ+ silv]-l9$ vessels1 :i* h ! advantage t !y are n attack$ by ! alkali4 ,t9n$ copp] pans are also useful4 ,! process takes f #g to #h h\rs1 & :5 ! soap is f9i%$ x is transf]r$ into /onew>e vessels = /orage4 ,cle> vegetable oils 7ca/or oil7 may be us$1 b ! soaps lack ! requisite nacre\s lu/] requir$4 ,,transp>5t ,,soaps4 ,! mode ( production is ! same = all4 ,! fats are melt$ toge!r1 sift$ into a d\ble boil]1 & ! lye is /irr$ 9 at #aaa ,f4 ,cov] up = an h\r1 /eam be+ all[$ to ent] sl[ly4 ,!re is n[ a cle>1 gra9-l soap 9 ! kettle1 into :i* ! sug> solution & ! alcohol are crut*$1 :]eupon ! kettle is cov]$ up4 ,if cutt+s are to be us$1 !y are n[ add$4 ,:5 same are melt$1 ! kettle w conta9 a ?91 cle> soap1 :i* is color$ & sc5t$ z p] directions1 & subsequ5tly fill$ into little iron molds & cool$4 ,rose-,glyc]9e ,soap4-- ,i4--,co*9 cocoanut oil #gj1jjj p>ts ,compress$ tall[ #dj1jjj p>ts ,ca/or oil #cj1jjj p>ts ,cau/ic soda lye1 #ch ,b #gi1jjj p>ts ,sug> #ed1jjj p>ts ,dissolv$ 9 ,wat] #fj1jjj p>ts ,alcohol #dj1jjj p>ts ,g]anium oil 7,african7 #bej p>ts ,lemon oil #bjj p>ts ,palm>osa oil #a1bjj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #hj p>ts ,b5zo9-,glyc]9e ,soap4-- ,,ii4--,co*9 cocoanut oil #ff1jjj p>ts ,compress$ tall[ #ca1jjj p>ts #fec ,ca/or oil #ce1jjj p>ts ,cau/ic soda lye1 #ch ,b #ff1jjj p>ts ,sug> #ce1jjj p>ts ,dissolv$ 9 ,wat] #dj1jjj p>ts ,alcohol #ce1jjj p>ts ,br[n1 ,no4 #abj #bjj p>ts ,p[d]$ b5zo9 7,siam7 #d1bjj p>ts ,/yrax liquid #a1gej p>ts ,t9cture ( b5zo9 #a1djj p>ts ,p]u balsam #gjj p>ts ,lemon oil #bjj p>ts ,clove oil #gj p>ts ,sunfl[]-,glyc]9e ,soap4-- ,,iii4--,co*9 cocoanut oil #gj1jjj p>ts ,compress$ tall[ #ej1jjj p>ts ,ca/or oil #bc1jjj p>ts ,cau/ic soda lye1 #ci ,b #ga1jjj p>ts ,sug> #dj1jjj p>ts ,dissolv$ 9 ,wat] #cj1jjj p>ts ,alcohol #dj1jjj p>ts ,br[n1 ,no4 #ee #bej p>ts ,g]anium oil #gbj p>ts ,b]gamot oil #cjj p>ts ,c$>-wood oil #abj p>ts ,palm>osa oil #djj p>ts ,vanill9 #aj p>ts ,tonka t9cture #djj p>ts ,,miscellane\s ,,=mulas3 ,szeg$9 ,soap4--,tall[1 #abj p>ts2 palm k]nel oil1 #hj p>ts4 ,saponify well ) ab\t #bjj p>ts ( lye ( #bd ,b4 & add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 ! foll[+ fill+s 9 rotation1 viz41 pota% solution1 #bj ,b41 #aej p>ts1 & cool+ salt solution #bj ,b41 #chj p>ts4 ,in/rum5t ,soap4--,a soap = clean+ surgical in/rum5ts1 & o!r articles ( poli%$ /eel1 :i* h become speck$ ) ru/ by exposure1 is made by add+ precipitat$ *alk to a /rong solution ( cyanide ( potassium 9 wat]1 until a cream-l pa/e is obta9$4 ,add to ?is :ite ca/ile soap 9 f9e %av+s1 & rub ! :ole toge!r 9 a mort>1 until ?or\ghly incorporat$4 ,! article to be clean$ %\ld be fir/ imm]s$1 if possible1 9 a solution ( #a "p ( cyanide ( pota% 9 #d p>ts ( wat]1 & kept !re until ! surface dirt & ru/ disappe>s4 ,x %\ld !n be poli%$ ) ! soap1 made z above direct$4 ,/a9-,remov+ ,soaps4--,^! are prep>$ 9 two ways1 ei!r by mak+ a special soap1 or by mix+ ord9>y soap ) special det]g5ts4 ,a good recipe is z foll[s3 ,i4--,ceylon cocoanut or palm se$ oil #cbj p\nds ,cau/ic soda lye1 #ch ,b #afj p\nds ,c>bonate ( pota%1 #bj ,b #ef p\nds ,oil ( turp5t9e #i p\nds ,f9ely p[d]$ kieselguhr #bhj p\nds ,brilliant gre5 #b p\nds ,! oil hav+ be5 fus$1 ! dye is mix$ ) "s ( x & /irr$ into ! cont5ts ( ! pan4 ,! kieselguhr is !n crut*$ 9 f a sieve1 !n ! lye1 & !n ! c>bonate ( pota%4 ,^! liquids are p\r$ 9 9 a ?9 /ream4 ,:5 ! soap beg9s to ?ick51 add ! turp5t9e1 mold1 & cov] up ! molds4 ,,ii4--,ros9 gra9 soap #a1jjj p\nds ,talc 7made to a pa/e ) weak c>bonate ( pota%7 #ajj p\nds ,oil ( turp5t9e #d p\nds ,b5z9e #c p\nds ,mix ! talc & soap by heat1 & :5 cool en\gh add ! turp5t9e & b5z9e1 & mold4 ,,iii4--,cocoanut oil #fjj p\nds ,tall[ #djj p\nds ,cau/ic soda lye #ejj p\nds ,fre% ox gall #bjj p\nds ,oil ( turp5t9e #ab p\nds ,ammonia 7sp4 gr41 #j4ia7 #f p\nds ,b5z9e #e p\nds ,saponify by heat1 cool1 add ! gall & ! volatile liquids1 & mold4 ,soap ,sub/itutes4-- ,i4--,l9se$ oil #bh p\nds ,sulphur #h p\nds ,alum9um soap #bh p\nds ,oil ( turp5t9e #d p\nds ,,ii4--,alum9um soap #ae p\nds ,almad9a #be p\nds ,ca\t*\c #ej p\nds ,sulphur #f p\nds ,oleum succ9i #d p\nds ,%ampoo ,soap4-- ,l9se$ oil #bj p>ts ,malaga olive oil #bj p>ts ,cau/ic pota% #i #a_/b p>ts ,alcohol #a "p ,wat] #cj p>ts #fed ,w>m ! mix$ oils on a l>ge wat] ba?1 !n ! pota% & wat] 9 ano!r vessel1 heat+ bo? to #aeh ,f41 & add+ ! latt] hot solution to ! hot oil :ile /irr+ briskly4 ,n[ add & ?or\ghly mix ! alcohol4 ,/op /irr+1 keep ! heat at #aeh ,f4 until ! mass becomes cle> & a small quantity dissolves 9 boil+ wat] )\t globules ( oil sep>at+4 ,set aside = a few days be=e us+ to make ! liquid soap4 ,! alcohol may be omitt$ if a transp>5t product is immat]ial4 ,sapo ,durus4-- ,olive oil #ajj p>ts ,soda lye1 sp4 gr41 #a4cc #ej p>ts ,alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 #cj p>ts ,heat on a /eam ba? until saponification is complete4 ,! soap ?us =m$ is dissolv$ 9 #cjj p>ts ( hot di/ill$ wat]1 & salt$ out by add+ a filt]$ solution ( #be p>ts ( sodium *loride & #e p>ts ( cry/alliz$ sodium c>bonate 9 #hj p>ts ( wat]4 ,sapo ,mollis4-- ,olive oil #ajj p>ts ,solid potassium hydroxide #ba p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 #bj p>ts ,boil by means ( a /eam ba? until ! oil is saponifi$1 add+1 if necess>y1 a little m _s to assi/ ! saponification4 ,s& ,soap4--,cocoa oil1 #bd p>ts2 soda lye1 #ch ,b41 #ab p>ts2 s&1 f9ely sift$1 #bh p>ts2 cassia oil1 4#jajj p>ts2 sassafras oil1 4#jajj p>ts4 ,salicylic ,soap4--,:5 salicylic acid is us$ 9 soap x decomposes1 z a rule1 & an alkali salicylate is =m$ :i* ! sk9 does n absorb4 ,a ,g]man *emi/ claims to h ov]come ?is defect by ?or\ghly elim9at+ all wat] f pota% or soda soap1 !n mix+ x ) vasel9e1 heat+ ! mixture1 & incorporat+ free salicylic acid ) ! result+ mass4 ,! abs5ce ( moi/ure prev5ts any decomposition ( ! salicylic acid4 ,ole9 ,soap ,sub/itute4--,fi% oil or o!r animal oil is /irr$ up ) sulphuric acid1 & !n treat$ ) wat]4 ,aft] ano!r /irr+1 ! :ole is left to settle1 & sep>ate into lay]s1 :]eupon ! acid & wat] are drawn (f1 & cau/ic soda solution is /irr$ 9 ) ! oil4 ,! f9i%+ /age consi/s 9 /irr+ 9 ref9$ m9]al oil1 magnesium *loride1 borium *loride1 & pure seal or :ale oil1 9 succession4 ,mottl$ ,soap4--,tall[1 #cj p>ts2 palm k]nel oil1 #bgj p>ts2 lye1 #bj1 #cdg #a_/b p>ts2 potassium *loride solution1 #bj1 #cg #a_/b p>ts4 ,aft] ev]y?+ has be5 boil$ into a soap1 crut* ! foll[+ dye solution into x3 ,wat]1 #e #a_/b p>ts2 blue1 r$1 or black1 4#jcae p>ts2 wat] glass1 #ch1 #aj p>ts2 & lye1 #ch1 #a #a_/b p>ts4 ,laundry ,soap4--,a good1 common h>d soap may be made f clean tall[ or l>d & cau/ic soda1 )\t any v special skill 9 manipulation4 ,! cau/ic soda indicat$ is a crude article :i* may n[ be obta9$ f :olesale druggi/s 9 quantities to suit1 at a v mod]ate price4 ,a lye ( av]age /r5g? is made by dissolv+ x 9 wat] 9 ! proportion ( ab\t #b p\nds to ! gallon4 ,= ! saponification ( l>d1 a giv5 quantity ( ! grease is melt$ at a l[ heat1 & #a_/d its weight ( lye is !n add$ 9 small portions ) con/ant /irr+2 :5 incorporation has be5 ?or\ghly effect$1 ano!r portion ( lye equal to ! fir/ is add$1 z be=e1 & ! mixture kept at a g5tle heat until saponification appe>s to be complete4 ,if ! soap does n readily sep>ate f ! liquid1 m lye %\ld be add$1 ! soap be+ insoluble 9 /rong lye4 ,:5 sep>ation has occurr$1 p\r (f ! lye1 add wat] to ! mass1 heat until dissolv$1 & aga9 sep>ate by ! use ( m /rong lye or a /rong solution ( common salt4 ,! latt] "p ( ! process is design$ to purify ! soap & may be omitt$ :]e only a crud] article is requir$4 ,! soap is f9ally remelt$ on a wat] ba?1 kept at a g5tle heat until z mu* wat] z possible is expell$1 & !n p\r$ into frames or molds to set4 ,dog ,soap4-- ,petroleum #e p>ts by weight ,wax #d p>ts by weight ,alcohol #e p>ts by weight ,good laundry soap4 #ae p>ts by weight ,heat ! petroleum1 wax1 & alcohol on a wat] ba? until !y are well mix$1 & dissolve 9 ! mixture ! soap cut 9 f9e %av+s4 ,?is may be us$ on man or bea/ = driv+ away v]m94 ,liquid ,t> ,soap 7,sapo ,picis liquidus74-- ,wood t> #be p>ts ,hebra's soap _s #ge p>ts ,ox-,gall ,soap = ,cleans+ ,silk ,/uffs4--,to wa% f9e silk /uffs1 su* z #fee piece goods1 ribbons1 etc41 employ a soap conta9+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( ox gall1 a product t is n surpass$ = ! purpose4 ,9 mak+ ?is soap ! foll[+ directions w be f\nd ( advantage3 ,heat #a p\nd ( cocoanut oil to #ajj ,f4 9 a copp] kettle4 ,:ile /irr+ vigor\sly add #a_/b p\nd ( cau/ic soda lye ( #cj ,baum4 ,9 a sep>ate vessel heat #a_/b p\nd ( :ite ,v5ice turp5t9e1 & /ir ?is 9 ! soap 9 ! copp] kettle4 ,cov] ! kettle well1 & let x /&1 mildly w>m$ = #d h\rs1 :5 ! temp]ature c be aga9 rais$ until ! mass is q hot & fl[s cle>2 !n add ! p\nd ( ox gall to x4 ,n[ pulv]ize "s good1 p]fectly dry gra9 soap1 & /ir 9 z mu* ( x z w make ! cont5ts ( ! copp] kettle s h>d t x w yield slightly to ! pressure ( ! f+]s4 ,f #a to #b p\nds is all ! gra9 soap requir$ = ! above quantity ( gall soap4 ,:5 cool$1 cut out ! soap & %ape into b>s4 ,?is is an indisp5sable adjunct to ! dy] & clean]1 z x w n injure ! mo/ delicate color4 ,,soap-,,bubble ,,liquids4 ,i4--,:ite h>d soap #be p>ts ,glyc]9e #ae p>ts ,wat] #a1jjj p>ts ,,ii4--,dry ca/ile soap #b p>ts ,glyc]9e #cj p>ts ,wat] #dj p>ts ,,soap ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,soap1 ,,too?3 ,see ,d5tifrice4 ,,soda ,,pa9t3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,soda ,,wat]3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,sodium ,,hyposulphite3 ,see ,photography4 ,,sodium ,,silicate ,,z ,a ,,cem5t3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,wat]-,glass ,cem5ts4 ,,sodium ,,salts1 ,,eff]vesc5t3 ,see ,salts4 ,sold]s ,,sold]+ ,,( ,,metals ,,& ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,sold]s4 ,! object ( sold]+ is to unite two portions ( ! same metal or ( diff]5t metals by means ( a m fusible metal or metallic alloy1 appli$ :5 melt$1 & kn[n by ! "n ( sold]4 ,z ! /r5g? ( ! sold]+ dep5ds on ! nature ( ! sold] us$1 ! degree ( /r5g? requir$ = ! jo9t mu/ be kept 9 view 9 *oos+ a sold]4 ,! p>ts to be jo9$ mu/ be free f oxide & ?or\ghly clean2 ?is c be secur$ by fil+1 sc\r+1 scrap+1 or pickl+ ) acids4 ,! edges mu/ fit exactly1 & be heat$ to ! melt+ po9t ( ! sold]4 ,! latt] mu/ h a l[] melt+ po9t ?an ei!r ( ! portions ( metal t require to be jo9$1 & if possible only ^? metals %\ld be *os5 = sold] :i* =m alloys ) !m4 ,! sold] %\ld also z f> z possible h ! same color & approximately ! same /r5g? z ! article ^: edges are to be unit$4 ,to remove ! lay]s ( oxide :i* =m dur+ ! process ( sold]+1 v>i\s s-call$ 8fluxes0 are employ$4 ,^! fluxes are melt$ & appli$ to ! jo9t1 & act p>tly by keep+ (f ! air1 ?us prev5t+ oxidation1 & p>tly by r$uc+ & dissolv+ ! oxides !mselves4 ,! *oice ( a flux dep5ds on ! quantity ( heat requir$ = sold]+4 ,sold]s are class$ z s(t & h>d sold]s4 ,s(t sold]s1 also call$ t9 sold]s or :ite sold]s1 consi/ ( s(t1 readily fusible metals or alloys1 & d n possess mu* /r5g?2 !y are easy to h&le on acc\nt ( _! great fusibility4 ,t91 lead-t91 & alloys ( t91 lead1 & bismu? are us$ = s(t sold]s1 pure t9 be+ employ$ only = articles made ( ! same metal 7pure t974 ,! addition ( "s lead makes ! sold] less fusible b *eap]1 :ile t ( bismu? l[]s ! melt+ po9t4 ,s(t sold]s are us$ = sold]+ easily fusible metals su* z ,britannia metal1 etc41 also = sold]+ t9 plate4 ,to prep>e sold]1 ! metals are melt$ toge!r 9 a graphite crucible at z l[ a temp]ature z possible1 well /irr$ ) an iron rod1 & ca/ into +ots 9 an iron mold4 ,to melt ! sold] :5 requir$ = sold]+1 ! sold]+ iron is us$2 ! latt] %\ld be kept z free f oxidation z possible1 & ! "p appli$ %\ld be t9n$ ov]4 ,to make s-call$ 8,sick]0 sold]1 equal p>ts ( lead & t9 are melt$ toge!r1 well mix$1 & all[$ to /& till ! mixture beg9s to set1 ! "p /ill 9 a liquid condition be+ !n p\r$ (f4 ,?is mixture c1 h[ev]1 #fef be m easily made by melt+ toge!r #cg p>ts ( lead & #fc p>ts ( t9 7exactly measur$74 ,sold]+ irons are usually made ( copp]1 z copp] is easily heat$ & easily gives up its heat to ! sold]4 ,! po9t ( ! iron mu/ be 8t9n$40 ,to d ?is prop]ly1 ! iron %\ld be heat$ hot en\gh easily to melt ! sold]2 ! po9t %\ld !n be quickly dress$ ) a smoo? flat file to remove ! oxide1 & rubb$ on a piece ( t9 ?r\gh sold] & sal ammoniac4 ,! latt] causes ! sold] to adh]e 9 a ?91 ev5 coat to ! po9t ( ! iron4 ,a gas or gasol9e bl[ tor* or a *>coal furnace is be/ = heat+ ! iron1 b a good1 clean coal fire1 well cok$1 w answ] ! purpose4 ,:5 9 use1 ! iron %\ld be hot en\gh to melt ! sold] readily4 ,a cold iron produces r\gh "w4 ,?is is :]e ! beg9n] usually fails4 ,if possible1 x is well to w>m ! pieces be=e apply+ ! iron4 ,! iron mu/ n be heat$ too hot1 h[ev]1 or ! t9 on ! po9t w be oxidiz$4 ,! surfaces to be sold]$ mu/ be clean4 ,poli% !m ) s&pap]1 em]y clo?1 a file1 or a scrap]4 ,grease or oil w prev5t sold] f /ick+4 ,"s good sold]+ fluid %\ld be us$4 ,a v good fluid is made by dissolv+ granulat$ z9c 9 muriatic acid4 ,dissolve z mu* z9c z possible 9 ! acid4 ,! gas giv5 (f w explode if ignit$4 ,to granulate ! z9c1 melt x 9 a ladle1 & p\r x sl[ly into a b>rel ( wat]4 ,a bru% or swab %\ld be us$ to spread ! fluid on ! surfaces to be sold]$4 ,if ! po9t ( ! sold]+ iron becomes dirty1 x %\ld be wip$ on a clo? or piece ( wa/e t has be5 damp5$ ) ! sold]+ fluid4 ,sold]+ ( ,metallic ,articles4--,9 a rec5tly inv5t$ process ! p>ts to be unit$ are cov]$1 on ! surfaces n to be sold]$1 ) a protective mass1 :i* prev5ts an imm$iate contact ( ! sold] ) ! surfaces 9 "q1 & mu/ be bru%$ (f only aft] ! sold]$ pieces h cool$ p]fectly1 :]eby ! possibility ( a *ange ( position ( ^! pieces seems preclud$4 ,= ! execution ( ?is process ! objects to be sold]$1 aft] ! surfaces to be unit$ h be5 provid$ ) a wat]-glass solution z ! sold]+ ag5t & plac$ toge!r z closely z possible or unit$ by wires or rivets1 are coat$ 9 ! places :]e no sold] is desir$ ) a protective mass1 consi/+ ess5tially ( c>bon 7graphite1 coke1 or *>coal71 p[d]$ talc or asbe/os1 f]ric hydrate 7) or )\t f]r\s hydrate71 &1 if desir$1 a little alum9um oxide1 toge!r ) a b9d+ ag5t ( ! cu/om>y k9d 7glue solution1 be]74 ,foll[+ are "s examples ( ! composition ( ^! prep>ations3 ,i4--,graphite1 #ej p>ts2 p[d]$ coke1 #e p>ts2 p[d]$ *>coal1 #e p>ts2 p[d]$ talc1 #aj p>ts2 glue solution1 #b4e p>ts2 drop be]1 #b4e p>ts2 f]ric hydrate1 #aj p>ts2 alum9um oxide1 #e p>ts4 ,,ii4--,graphite1 burnt1 #d p>ts2 graphite1 unburnt1 #f p>ts2 p[d]$ *>coal1 #c p>ts2 p[d]$ asbe/os1 #a "p2 f]ric hydrate1 #c p>ts2 f]r\s hydrate1 #b p>ts2 glue solution1 #a "p4 ,! article ?us prep>$ is plung$1 aft] ! dry+ ( ! protective lay] appli$1 9 ! metal ba? s]v+ z sold] 7molt5 brass1 copp]1 etc471 & left to rema9 !re9 until ! "p to be sold]$ has become r$ hot1 :i* g5]ally requires ab\t #ej to #fj seconds1 accord+ to ! size ( ! object4 ,9 ord] to avoid1 9 introduc+ ! article into ! metal ba?1 ! scatt]+ ( ! molt5 metal1 x is well previ\sly to w>m ! article & to dip x w>m4 ,aft] )drawal f ! metal ba? ! sold]$ articles are all[$ to cool1 & are clean$ ) wire bru%es1 s z to cause ! bright surfaces to reappe>4 ,! process is especially useful = unit+ iron or /eel p>ts1 su* z ma*9]y1 arms1 & bicycle p>ts 9 a durable mann]4 ,sold]+ ,acid4--,a v satisfactory sold]+ acid may be made by ! use ( ! ord9>y sold]+ acid = ! base & introduc+ a c]ta9 proportion ( *loride ( t9 & sal ammoniac4 ,?is gives an acid :i* is sup]ior 9 e way to ! old =m4 ,to make #a gallon ( ?is sold]+ fluid take #c qu>ts ( common muriatic acid & all[ x to dissolve z mu* z9c z x w take up4 ,?is me?od1 ( c\rse1 is ! usual "o foll[$ 9 ! manufacture ( ord9>y sold]+ acid4 ,! acid1 z is well kn[n1 mu/ be plac$ 9 an e>!nw>e or glass vessel4 ,! z9c may be %eet clipp+s or common plate spelt] brok5 into small pieces4 ,place ! acid 9 ! vessel & add ! z9c 9 small portions s z to prev5t ! :ole f boil+ ov]4 ,:5 all ! z9c has be5 add$ & ! action has /opp$1 x indicates t en\gh has be5 tak5 up4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to see t !re is a little z9c left 9 ! bottom1 z #feg o!rwise ! acid w be 9 excess4 ,! idea is to h ! acid take up z mu* z9c z x c4 ,aft] ?is has be5 done !re w rema9 "s residue 9 ! =m ( a black precipitate4 ,?is is ! lead :i* all z9c conta9s1 & :i* is n dissolv$ by ! muriatic acid4 ,?is lead may be remov$ by filt]+ ?r\gh a funnel 9 ! bottom ( :i* !re is a little absorb5t cotton1 or ! solution may be all[$ to rema9 ov]night until ! lead has settl$ & ! cle> solution c !n be p\r$ (f4 ,?is lead precipitate is n p>ticul>ly injuri\s to ! sold]+ fluid1 b x is bett] to get rid ( x s t a good1 cle> solution may be obta9$4 ,next1 dissolve #f ounces ( sal ammoniac 9 a p9t ( w>m wat]4 ,9 ano!r p9t dissolve #d ounces ( *loride ( t94 ,! *loride ( t9 solution w usually be cl\dy1 b ?is w n matt]4 ,n[ mix ! #c solutions toge!r4 ,! solution w be slightly cl\dy :5 ! #c h be5 mix$1 & ! addition ( a few drops ( muriatic acid w r5d] x p]fectly cle>4 ,d n add any m acid ?an is necess>y to d ?is1 z ! solution w\ld !n conta9 too mu* ( ?is +r$i5t & ! results w\ld be injuri\s4 ,?is sold]+ acid w n spatt] :5 ! iron is appli$ to x4 ,x has also be5 f\nd t a poor] grade ( sold] may be us$ ) x ?an ) ! usual sold]+ acid4 ,,alum9um ,,sold]s4 ,to sold] alum9um x is necess>y previ\sly to t9 ! p>ts to be sold]$4 ,?is t9n+ is done ) ! iron1 us+ a composition ( alum9um & t94 ,replace ! ord9>y sold]+ iron by an iron ( pure alum9um4 ,prep>ation ( alum9um sold]3 ,comm5ce by fus+ ! copp]2 !n add ! alum9um 9 sev]al in/allm5ts1 /ir ! mixture well ) a piece ( iron2 next add ! z9c & a little tall[ or b5z9e at ! same "t4 ,once ! z9c is add$ d n heat too /rongly1 to avoid ! volatilization ( ! z9c4 ,i4--,take #e p>ts ( t9 & #a "p ( alum9um4 ,sold] ) ! iron or ) ! bl[pipe1 accord+ to ! article 9 "q4 ,,ii4--,! pieces to be sold]$ are to be t9n$1 b in/ead ( us+ pure t91 alloys ( t9 ) o!r metals are employ$1 pref]ably ^? ( t9 & alum9um4 ,= articles to be work$ aft] sold]+1 #de p>ts ( t9 & #aj p>ts ( alum9um af=d a good alloy1 malleable en\gh to be hamm]$1 cut1 or turn$4 ,if !y are n to be work$1 ! alloy requires less alum9um & may be appli$ 9 ! usual mann] z 9 sold]+ iron4 ,alum9um ,bronze4--,i4--,/rong sold]3 ,gold1 #hi p>ts2 f9e silv]1 #e p>ts2 copp]1 #f p>ts4 ,,ii4--,m$ium sold]3 ,gold1 #ed p>ts2 f9e silv]1 #bg p>ts2 copp]1 #ai p>ts4 ,,iii4--,weak sold]3 ,gold1 #ad p>ts2 silv]1 #eg p>ts2 copp]1 #ae p>ts2 brass1 #ad p>ts4 ,,brass ,,sold]s4 ,brass sold] consi/s ( brass fusible at a l[ temp]ature1 & is made by melt+ toge!r copp] & z9c1 ! latt] be+ 9 excess4 ,a small quantity ( t9 is (t5 add$ to r5d] ! sold] m fusible4 ,h>d sold]s are usually sold 9 ! =m ( granules4 ,al?\gh _m work]s 9 metals make _! own sold]1 x is advisable to use h>d sold] made 9 factories1 z complete uni=mity ( quality is m easily secur$ :]e l>ge quantities are manufactur$4 ,9 mak+ h>d sold] ! melt$ metal is p\r$ ?r\gh bir* twigs 9 ord] to granulate x4 ,! granules are aft]w>ds sort$ by pass+ !m ?r\gh sieves4 ,:5 brass articles are s(t-sold]$1 ! :ite color ( ! sold] contra/s unpleasantly ) ! brass4 ,if ?is is object$ to1 ! sold]$ "p c be color$ yell[ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,dissolve #aj p>ts ( copp] sulphate 9 #ce p>ts ( wat]2 apply ! solution to ! sold]1 & /ir ) a clean iron wire4 ,?is gives ! "p ! appe>ance ( copp]4 ,to produce ! yell[ color1 pa9t ! "p ) a mixture consi/+ ( #a "p ( a solution ( equal p>ts ( z9c & wat] 7#a "p ea*7 & #b p>ts ( a solution ( #aj to #ce p>ts respectively ( copp] sulphate & wat] & rub on ) a z9c rod4 ,! result+ yell[ color c1 if desir$1 be improv$ by c>eful poli%+4 ,! quality ( s(t sold] is always judg$ 9 ! trade f ! appe>ance ( ! surface ( ! ca/+s1 & x is consid]$ important t ?is surface %\ld be radiant & cry/all9e1 %[+ ! s-call$ 8fl[]s40 ,^! %\ld be m brilliant ?an ! dull backgr\nd1 ! latt] be+ l mat silv] 9 appe>ance4 ,if ! ca/+ has a uni=m :iti%-gray color1 ?is is an indication t ! alloy conta9s an insuffici5t quantity ( t94 ,9 ?is case #feh ! alloy %\ld be remelt$ & t9 add$1 sold] too poor 9 t9 be+ extremely viscid4 ,mo/ ( ! v>ieties ( brass us$ 9 ! arts are compos$ ( f #fh to #gj p] c5t copp] & f #cb to #cj p] c5t z9c4 ,fur!rmore1 !re are "s k9ds ( brass :i* conta9 f #bd to #dj p] c5t z9c4 ,! great] ! quantity ( z9c ! great] w be ! resemblance ( ! alloy to copp]4 ,consequ5tly1 ! m cry/all9e w ! /ructure become4 ,= h>d sold]+ only alloys c be employ$ :i*1 z a g5]al rule1 conta9 no m ?an #cd p] c5t ( z9c4 ,) an increase 9 copp] !re foll[s a rise 9 ! melt+ po9t ( ! brass4 ,an alloy conta9+ #ij p] c5t ( copp] w melt at #a1idj ,f42 #hj p] c5t copp]1 at #a1hfh ,f42 #gj p] c5t copp]1 at #a1gif ,f42 #fj p] c5t copp]1 at #a1gdb ,f4 ,because an increase 9 z9c causes a *ange 9 color1 x is sometimes advisable to use t9 = z9c1 at lea/ 9 "p1 s t ! alloy becomes m bronze-l 9 its prop]ties4 ,! durability ( ! sold] is n s]i\sly affect$1 b its fusibility is l[]$4 ,if m ?an a c]ta9 proportion ( t9 be add$1 ?9 & v fluid sold]s are obta9$ ( grayi%-:ite color1 & v brittle--inde$1 s brittle t ! sold]+ jo9ts are apt to op5 if ! object is b5t4 ,because too great an addition ( t9 is injuri\s1 ! utmo/ caution mu/ be ex]cis$4 ,if v refractory metals are to be sold]$1 brass alone c be us$4 ,9 "s cases1 a sold] c be produc$ m]ely by melt+ brass & add+ copp]4 ,! foll[+ h>d sold]s h be5 practically te/$ & f\nd ( value4 ,,yell[ ,,h>d ,,sold]s3 ,applebaum's ,compositions4-- ,i4--,copp] #eh p>ts ,z9c #db p>ts ,,ii4--,%eet brass #he4db p>ts ,z9c #ac4eh p>ts ,k>m>s*'s ,composition4-- ,,iii4--,brass #g p>ts ,z9c #a "p ,,iv4--,z9c #di p>ts ,copp] #dd p>ts ,t9 #d p>ts ,lead #b p>ts ,pre*tl's ,composition4-- ,v4--,copp] #ec4c p>ts ,z9c #dc4a p>ts ,t9 #a4c p>ts ,lead #j4c p>ts ,all ^! h>d-sold] compositions h ! f9e yell[ color ( brass1 are v h>d1 & c be fus$ only at high temp]atures4 ,!y are well adapt$ = all k9ds ( iron1 /eel1 copp]1 & bronze4 ,sold]s :i* fuse at some:at l[] temp]atures &1 !re=e1 well adapt$ = ! work+ ( brass1 are ! foll[+3 ,,vi4--,%eet brass #ha4ab p>ts ,z9c #ah4hh p>ts ,,vii4--,copp] #ed4jh p>ts ,z9c #de4bi p>ts ,,viii4--,brass #c to #d p>ts ,z9c #a "p ,a sold] :i* is valuable because x c be wr\ght ) ! hamm]1 roll$ out1 or drawn into wire1 & because x is t\gh & ductile1 is ! foll[+3 ,,ix4--,brass #gh4bf p>ts ,z9c #ag4da p>ts ,silv] #d4cc p>ts ,fusible ,:ite ,sold]4-- ,x4--,copp] #eg4d p>ts ,z9c #bh p>ts ,t9 #ad4f p>ts ,easily ,fusible ,sold]s4-- ,,xi4--,brass #e p>ts ,z9c #b4e p>ts ,,xii4--,brass #e p>ts ,z9c #e p>ts ,semi-,:ite ,h>d ,sold]s4-- ,,xiii4--,copp] #ec4c p>ts ,z9c #df4g p>ts ,,xiv4--,brass #ab p>ts ,z9c #d to #g p>ts ,t9 #a "p ,,xv4--,brass #bb p>ts ,z9c #aj p>ts ,t9 #a "p ,,xvi4--,copp] #dd p>ts ,z9c #di p>ts ,t9 #c4bj p>ts ,lead #a4bj p>ts ,=mulas ,,xiii & ,,xvi are fairly fusible4 ,:ite ,h>d ,sold]s4-- ,,xvii4--,brass #bj p>ts ,z9c #a "p ,t9 #d p>ts ,,xviii4--,copp] #eh p>ts ,z9c #ag p>ts ,t9 #ae p>ts ,,xix4--,brass #aa p>ts ,z9c #a "p ,t9 #b p>ts #fei ,,xx4--,brass #f p>ts ,z9c #d p>ts ,t9 #aj p>ts ,,xxi4--,copp] #eg4dd p>ts ,z9c #bg4ih p>ts ,t9 #ad4eh p>ts ,= ,brass ,tubes4--,i4--,copp]1 #ajj p>ts2 lead1 #be p>ts4 ,,ii4--,a v /rong sold] = sold]+ brass tubes to be drawn1 etc41 is compos$ ( #ah p>ts brass1 #d p>ts z9c1 & #a "p f9e silv]4 ,= ,fa/5+ ,brass to ,t94--,to #bj p>ts ( f9e1 r$uc$ copp]1 add suffici5t sulphuric acid to make a /iff pa/e4 ,to ?is add #gj p>ts ( metallic m]cury1 & "w 91 at ! same "t apply+ heat until ! mass assumes a wax-l consi/5cy4 ,w>m or heat ! plates to be unit$1 to ab\t ! same temp]ature1 apply ! mixture1 hot1 to ea*1 !n press toge!r1 & let cool4 ,,copp] ,,sold]s4 ,! copp] sold]s :i* are us$ = sold]+ copp] z well z bronze are mixtures ( copp] & lead4 ,by increas+ ! quantity ( lead ! fusibility is increas$1 b ! mixture dep>ts f ! color & t\ghness ( copp]4 ,! mo/ commonly employ$ copp] sold] is ! foll[+3 ,i4--,copp] #e p>ts ,lead #a "p ,,ii4--,copp] #hj p>ts ,lead #ae p>ts ,t9 #e p>ts ,= ,r$ ,copp]4--,i4--,copp]1 #c p>ts2 z9c1 #a "p4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #g p>ts2 z9c1 #c p>ts2 t91 #b p>ts4 ,,fats ,,= ,,sold]+4 ,i4--,sold]+ fat or grease is commonly a mixture ( ros9 & tall[ ) ! addition ( a small quantity ( sal ammoniac4 ,x is p>ticul>ly adapt$ to ! sold]+ ( t9n$ w>e1 because x is easily wip$ (f ! surface aft] ! jo9t is made1 :]eas if ros9 7 us$ alone1 ! scrap+ away might remove "s ( ! t9 & spoil ! object4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ is a well-tri$ recipe = a sold]+ grease3 ,9 a pot ( suffici5t size & ov] a sl[ fire melt toge!r #ejj p>ts ( olive oil & #djj p>ts ( tall[2 !n /ir 9 sl[ly #bej p>ts ( ros9 9 p[d]1 & let ! :ole boil up once4 ,n[ let x cool d[n1 & add #abe p>ts ( saturat$ solution ( sal ammoniac1 /irr+ ! :ile4 ,:5 cold1 ?is prep>ation w be ready = use4 ,,fluids ,,= ,,sold]+4 ,i4--,to ! ord9>y z9c *loride1 prep>$ by dige/+ *ips ( z9c 9 /rong hydro*loric acid to saturation1 add #a_/c spirits ( sal ammoniac & #a_/c "p ra9 wat]1 & filt] ! mixture4 ,?is sold]+ liquid is especially adapt$ to ! s(t sold]+ ( iron & /eel1 because x does n make ru/ spots4 ,to sold] z9c1 ! z9c *loride may be us$ )\t any _s sal ammoniac4 ,,ii4--,mix phosphoric acid ) /rong spirits ( w9e 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 ,phosphoric acid solution #a qu>t ,spirits ( w9e 7#hj p] c5t7 #a #a_/b qu>ts ,m or less ( ! spirits ( w9e is us$ dep5d+ ^u ! conc5tration ( ! phosphoric acid solution4 ,:5 ?is sold]+ liquid is appli$ to ! metal to be sold]$1 ! phosphoric acid imm$iately dissolves ! oxide4 ,! hot sold]+ iron vaporizes ! spirits ( w9e v quickly & causes ! oxide releas$ by ! phosphoric acid to =m a glaz$ mass ) ! surplus phosphoric acid1 :i* mass c be easily remov$4 ,,iii4--,dissolve 9 hydro*loric acid3 ,z9c1 #ej p>ts 7by weight72 sal ammoniac1 #ej p>ts4 ,,iv4--,hydro*loric acid1 #fjj p>ts 7by weight72 sal ammoniac1 #ajj p>ts4 ,put z9c *ips into ! acid to saturation1 next add ! sal ammoniac4 ,filt] :5 dissolv$ & pres]ve 9 flasks4 ,v4--,eight hundr$ p>ts ( wat] ) #ajj p>ts ( lactic acid & #ajj p>ts ( glyc]9e4 ,?is disp5ses ) ! use ( *loride ( z9c4 ,acid-,free ,sold]+ ,fluid4--,i4--,five p>ts ( z9c *loride dissolv$ 9 #be p>ts ( boil+ wat]4 ,or1 #bj p>ts ( z9c *loride1 #aj p>ts ( ammonia *loride1 dissolv$ 9 #ajj p>ts ( boil+ wat] & put into glass c>boys4 ,,ii4--,*loride z9c #a dra*m ,alcohol #a ounce ,sub/itute = ,sold]+ ,fluid4--,z a sub/itute = ! cu/om>y sold]+ fluid & sold]+ m$iums an ammonia soap is recomm5d$1 :i* is obta9$ by ! mixture ( a f9ely p[d]$ ros9 ) /rong ammonia solution4 ,( ?is soap only ! f9ely divid$ #ffj ros9 rema9s on ! sold]$ place aft] ! sold]+4 ,?is sold]+ process is well adapt$ = sold]+ toge!r copp] wires = electrical conduits1 s9ce ! ros9 at ! same "t s]ves z an insulator4 ,,fluxes ,,= ,,sold]+4 ,! fluxes g5]ally us$ 9 ! s(t-sold]+ ( metals are p[d]$ ros9 or a solution ( *loride ( z9c1 alone or comb9$ ) sal ammoniac4 ,a neutral sold]+ liquid c be prep>$ by mix+ #bg p>ts neutral z9c *loride1 #aa p>ts sal ammoniac1 & #fb p>ts wat]2 or1 #a "p sug> ( milk1 #a "p glyc]9e1 & #h p>ts wat]4 ,a sold]+ fat = t9-plate1 pref]able to ord9>y ros91 z x c be m easily remov$ aft] sold]+1 is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,"o hundr$ & fifty p>ts beef tall[1 #bej p>ts ros91 & #aej p>ts olive oil are melt$ toge!r 9 a crucible & well /irr$1 #ej p>ts p[d]$ sal ammoniac dissolv$ 9 z little wat] z possible be+ add$4 ,sold]+ fat = iron is compos$ ( #ej p>ts olive oil & #ej p>ts p[d]$ sal ammoniac4 ,sold]+ fat = alum9um is made by melt+ toge!r equal p>ts ( ros9 & tall[1 half ! quantity ( z9c *loride be+ add$ to ! mixture4 ,sold]+ pa/e consi/s ( neutral sold]+ liquid ?ick5$ ) />* pa/e4 ,?is pa/e mu/ be appli$ m lightly ?an ! sold]+ liquid4 ,sold]+ salt is prep>$ by mix+ equal p>ts ( neutral z9c *loride1 free f iron1 & p[d]$ sal ammoniac4 ,:5 requir$ = use1 #a "p ( ! salt %\ld be dissolv$ 9 #c or #d p>ts wat]4 ,borax is ! flux mo/ frequ5tly us$ = h>d-sold]+2 x %\ld be appli$ to ! sold]+ seam ei!r dry or /irr$ to a pa/e ) wat]4 ,x is advisable to use calc9$ borax1 i4 e41 borax f :i* ! wat] ( cry/allization has be5 driv5 out by heat1 z x does n become s inflat$ z ord9>y borax4 ,borax dissolves ! metallic oxides =m+ on ! jo9t4 ,f9ely p[d]$ cryolite1 or a mixture ( #b p>ts p[d]$ cryolite & #a "p phosphoric acid1 is also us$ = h>d-sold]+ copp] & copp] alloys4 ,mull]'s h>d-sold]+ liquid consi/s ( equal p>ts ( phosphoric acid & alcohol 7#hj p] c5t74 ,a mixture ( equal p>ts ( cryolite & b>ium *loride is us$ z a flux 9 h>d-sold]+ alum9um bronze4 ,a v good dry-sold]+ prep>ation consi/s ( two vials1 "o ( :i* is fill$ ) z9c *loride1 & ! o!r ) ammonium *loride4 ,to use1 dissolve a little ( ea* salt 9 wat]1 apply ! ammonium *loride to ! object to be sold]$ & heat ! latt] until x beg9s to give (f vapor ( ammonium1 !n apply ! o!r1 & imm$iately !reaft] ! sold]1 ma9ta9+ ! heat 9 ! meantime4 ,?is answ]s = v s(t sold]4 ,= a h>d] sold] dissolve ! z9c 9 a v small portion ( ! ammonium *loride solution 7f #a_/d to #a_/b p9t74 ,:5 /eel is to be sold]$ on /eel1 or iron on /eel1 x is necess>y to remove e trace ( oxide ( iron betwe5 ! surfaces 9 contact4 ,melt 9 an e>!n vessel3 ,borax1 #c p>ts2 colophony1 #b p>ts2 pulv]iz$ glass1 #c p>ts2 /eel fil+s1 #b p>ts2 c>bonate ( pota%1 #a "p2 h>d soap1 p[d]$1 #a "p4 ,fl[ ! melt$ mass on a cold plate ( %eet iron1 & aft] cool+ break up ! pieces & pulv]ize !m4 ,?is p[d] is ?r[n on ! surfaces a few m9utes be=e ! pieces to be sold]$ are br\ght toge!r4 ,! borax & glass conta9$ 9 ! composition dissolve1 & consequ5tly liquefy all ( ! impurities1 :i*1 if !y 7 %ut up betwe5 ! pieces sold]$1 might =m scales1 at times dang]\s1 or int]f]+ ) ! resi/ance ( ! piece4 ,to prep>e ros9 = sold]+ bright t91 mix #a #a_/b p\nds ( olive oil1 #a #a_/b p\nds ( tall[1 & #ab ounces ( pulv]iz$ ros91 & let !m boil up4 ,:5 ?is mixture has become cool1 add #a #c_/h p9ts ( wat] saturat$ ) pulv]iz$ sal ammoniac1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,,gas ,,sold]+4 ,! sold]+ ( small metallic articles :]e ! production is a :olesale "o1 is almo/ exclusively done by ! use ( gas1 a po9t$ flame be+ produc$ by air pressure4 ,! air pressure is obta9$ by ! workman :o does ! sold]+ sett+ 9 motion a treadle ) 8 foot1 :i*1 re/+ on rubb] bell[s1 drives by pressure on ! same ! aspirat$ air into w9d bell[s4 ,f "h x is s5t into ! sold]+ pipe1 :]e x is connect$ ) ! gas & a po9t$ flame is produc$4 ,9 ord] to obta9 a r uni=m heat ! workman has to tread cont9ually1 :i*1 h[ev]1 r5d]s x almo/ impossible to hold ! article to be sold]$ /eady1 al?\gh ?is is necess>y if ! "w is to proce$ quickly4 ,h5ce1 absolutely skillful & exp5sive h&s are requir$1 on :om ! employ] is (t5 entirely dep5d5t4 ,to improve #ffa ?is me?od ( sold]+ & obviate its drawbacks1 ! sold]+ may be conduct$ ) good success 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,= ! production ( ! air curr5t a small v5tilator is set up4 ,! w9d is conduct$ ?r\gh two ma9 conduits to ! "w tables4 ,f\r or six tables may1 = in/ance1 be plac$ toge!r1 ! w9d & ! gas pipe end+ 9 ! c5t]4 ,! gas is admitt$ z =m]ly1 ! w9d is conduct$ into w9d bell[s by means ( jo9t & hose to obta9 a con/ant pressure & f "h into ! sold]+ pipe4 ,9 ?is mann] any desir$ flame may be produc$1 ! workman op]ates quietly & )\t ex]tion1 :i* admits ( employ+ y\?ful h&s & consequ5tly ( a sav+ 9 wages4 ,! equipm5t is consid]ably *eap]1 s9ce ! rubb] bell[s "u ! treadle are done away )4 ,,g]man-,,silv] ,,sold]s4 ,because ( its peculi> composition ,g]man-silv] sold] is relat$ to ! ord9>y h>d sold]s4 ,j z h>d sold]s may be reg>d$ z v>ieties ( brass to :i* z9c has be5 add$1 ,g]man-silv] sold]s may be reg>d$ z ,g]man silv] to :i* z9c has be5 add$4 ,! ,g]man-silv] sold] becomes m easily fus$ ) an increase 9 z9c1 & vice v]sa4 ,if ! quantity ( z9c be increas$ beyond a c]ta9 proportion1 ! resultant sold] becomes too brittle4 ,g]man-silv] sold]s are *>act]iz$ by rem>kable /r5g?1 & are !re=e us$ n only 9 sold]+ ,g]man silv]1 b 9 _m cases :]e special /r5g? is requir$4 ,z ,g]man silv] c be made ( ! color ( /eel1 x is frequ5tly us$ = sold]+ f9e /eel articles4 ,sold] = ord9>y ,g]man silv] c be made ( #a1jjj p>ts ,g]man-silv] *ips1 #abe p>ts %eet brass *ips1 #adb p>ts z9c1 & #cc p>ts t92 or1 ( #h p>ts ,g]man silv] & #b to #c p>ts z9c4 ,s(t ,g]man-,silv] ,sold]4-- ,i4--,copp] #d4e p>ts ,z9c #g p>ts ,nickel #a "p ,,ii4--,copp] #ce p>ts ,z9c #ef4e p>ts ,nickel #h4e p>ts ,,iii4--,g]man silv] #e p>ts ,z9c #e p>ts ,compositions ,i & ,,ii h analog\s prop]ties4 ,9 composition ,,iii 8,g]man silv]0 is to be consid]$ z a mixture ( copp]1 z9c1 & nickel1 = :i* reason x is necess>y to "k ! exact composition ( ! ,g]man silv] to be us$4 ,o!rwise x is advisable to exp]im5t fir/ ) small quantities 9 ord] to asc]ta9 h[ mu* z9c is to be add$4 ,! prop] proportion ( ,g]man silv] to z9c is rea*$ :5 ! mixture reveals a brilliancy & condition :i* r5d]s x possible to b>ely pulv]ize x :ile hot4 ,a small quantity :5 br\ght 9 contact ) ! sold]+ iron %\ld j fuse4 ,h>d ,g]man-,silv] or ,/eel ,sold]4-- ,i4--,copp] #ce p>ts ,z9c #ef4e p>ts ,nickel #i4e p>ts ,,ii4--,copp] #ch p>ts ,z9c #ej p>ts ,nickel #ab p>ts ,composition ,i requires a fairly high temp]ature 9 ord] to be melt$4 ,composition ,,ii requires a bl[ pipe4 ,,gold ,,sold]s3 ,h>d ,sold] = ,gold4--,! h>d sold] or gold sold] :i* ! jewel] frequ5tly requires = ! execution ( v>i\s works1 n only s]ves = sold]+ gold w>e1 b is also (t5 employ$ = sold]+ f9e /eel goods1 su* z spectacles1 etc4 ,f9e gold is only us$ = sold]+ articles ( plat9um4 ,! /rong] ! alloy ( ! gold1 ! m fusible mu/ be ! sold]4 ,g5]ally ! gold sold] is a composition ( gold1 silv]1 & copp]4 ,if x is to be v easily fusible1 a little z9c may be add$1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ev5 ! copp] is sometimes left out & a mixture consi/+ only ( gold & silv] 7e4 g41 equal p>ts ( bo?7 is us$4 ,! %ade ( ! sold] also requires att5tion1 :i* mu/ be regulat$ by v>y+ proportions ( silv] & copp]1 s t x may be z ne>ly z possible ! same z t ( ! gold to be sold]$4 ,i4--,= #bd-;c>at gold3 ,tw5ty-two p>ts gold 7#bd c>at71 #b p>ts silv]1 & #a "p copp]2 refractory4 ,,ii4--,= #ah-;c>at gold3 ,n9e p>ts gold 7#ah c>at71 #b p>ts silv]1 & #a "p copp]2 refractory4 ,,iii4--,= #af-;c>at gold3 ,tw5ty-f\r p>ts gold 7#af c>at71 #aj p>ts silv]1 & #h p>ts copp]2 refractory4 ,,iv4--,= #ad-;c>at gold3 ,?ree p>ts gold 7#ad c>at71 #b p>ts silv]1 & #a "p copp]2 m fusible4 ,v4--,gold sold] = alloys conta9+ small] quantities ( gold is compos$ #ffb ( #h p>ts gold1 #aj4e p>ts silv]1 & #e4e p>ts copp]1 or1 ,,vi4--,t5 p>ts gold 7#ac4e c>at71 #e p>ts silv]1 & #a "p z9c4 ,,vii4--,! foll[+ easily fusible sold] is us$ = ord9>y gold articles3 ,two p>ts gold1 #i p>ts silv]1 #a "p copp]1 & #a "p z9c4 ,articles sold]$ ) ?is sold] _c be subject$ to ! usual process ( color+ ! gold1 z ! sold] w\ld become black4 ,,viii4--,a refractory enamel sold] = articles made ( #bj-;c>at & f9] gold1 :i* c be> ! high temp]ature requir$ 9 enamel+1 consi/s ( #cg p>ts gold & #i p>ts silv]1 or #af p>ts gold 7#ah c>at71 #c p>ts silv]1 & #a "p copp]4 ,:i* ( ^! compositions %\ld be employ$ dep5ds ^u ! degree ( ! fusibility ( ! enamel to be appli$4 ,if x is v difficult ( fusion only ! fir/ nam$ c be us$2 o!rwise x may happ5 t dur+ ! melt+ on ( ! enamel ! sold]+ spots are s /rongly heat$ t ! sold] itself melts4 ,= ord9>y articles1 z a rule1 only readily fusible enamels are employ$1 & consequ5tly ! readily fusible enamel+ sold] may "h be made use (4 ,sold]+ ) ! latt] is readily accompli%$ ) ! aid ( ! sold]+ pipe4 ,al?\gh ! m h>dly fusible gold sold]s may also be melt$ by ! use ( ! ord9>y sold]+ pipe1 ! employm5t ( a special small bl[+ app>atus is recomm5d$ on acc\nt ( ! result+ ease & rapidity ( ! "w4 ,,sold]s ,,= ,,glass4 ,i4--,melt t91 & add to ! melt$ mass en\gh copp]1 ) con/ant /irr+1 until ! melt$ metal consi/s ( #ie p] c5t ( t9 & #e p] c5t ( copp]4 ,9 ord] to r5d] ! mixture m or less h>d1 add #a_/b to #a p] c5t ( z9c or lead4 ,,ii4--,a comp\nd ( t9 7#ie p>ts7 & z9c 7#e p>ts7 melts at #cib ,f41 & c !n be firmly unit$ to glass4 ,an alloy ( #ij p>ts ( t9 & #aj p>ts ( alum9um melts at #gcd ,f41 adh]es1 l ! prec$+1 to glass1 & is equally brilliant4 ,) ei!r ( ^! alloys glass may be sold]$ z easily z metal1 9 two ways4 ,9 "o1 heat ! pieces ( glass 9 a furnace & rub a /ick ( sold]+ alloy ov] _! surfaces4 ,! alloy w melt1 & c be easily spread by means ( a roll ( pap] or a slip ( alum9um4 ,press ! pieces firmly toge!r1 & keep s until cool4 ,9 ! o!r me?od a common sold]+ iron1 or a rod ( alum9um1 is heat$ ov] a coal fire1 a gas jet1 or a flame suppli$ by petroleum4 ,! hot iron is pass$ ov] ! alloy & !n ov] ! pieces to be sold]$1 )\t ! use ( a dissolv5t4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t nei!r ! sold]+ irons nor ! glass be br\ght to a temp]ature above ! melt+ po9t ( ! alloy1 le/ ! latt] %\ld be oxidiz$1 & prev5t$ f adh]+4 ,,h>d ,,sold]s4 ,h>d sold]s are di/+ui%$ z brass1 ,g]man silv]1 copp]1 gold1 silv]1 etc41 accord+ to ! alloys us$ 7see ,brass ,sold]s1 ,copp] ,sold]s1 etc41 = o!r h>d sold]s74 ,! designation 8h>d sold]0 is us$ to di/+ui% x f ! easily runn+ & s(t] sold] us$ by t9smi?s1 & x applies solely to a composition t w n fl[ "u a r$ heat4 ,= ! purposes ( ! jewel] sold] may be classifi$ accord+ to its composition & purpose1 into gold or silv] sold]1 :i* means a sold] consi/+ ( an alloy ( gold ) silv]1 copp]1 t91 or z9c-l metal or an alloy ( silv] ) copp]1 t91 or z9c-l metal4 ,accord+ to ! uses1 ! sold] is made h>d or s(t2 ?us 9 gold sold]s !re is add$ a great] am\nt ( silv]1 :]eas = silv] sold]s !re is add$ m t9 or z9c-l metal4 ,9 ! production ( sold] = ! enamel]'s use1 t is = comb9+ gold ) gold1 gold ) silv]1 or gold ) copp]1 :i* mu/ be enamel$ aft]w>ds1 x is necess>y always to keep 9 m9d t no sold] c be us$ effectually t conta9s any t91 z9c1 z9c alloys1 or t9 or z9c-l metals 9 any great quantities1 s9ce x is ^! v metals t contribute to ! crack+ ( ! enamel4 ,yet x is n possible to d )\t su* an addition entirely1 o!rwise ! sold] w\ld n fl[ "u ! melt+ po9t ( ! preci\s metals !mselves & we %\ld be unable to effect a union ( ! p>ts4 ,x is !re=e absolutely necess>y to conf9e ^! additions to ! l[e/ possible p]c5tage1 s t only a trace is app>5t4 ,moreov]1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to use = enamel+ purposes no base alloy1 because ! t5acity or durability ( ! comp\nd w be affect$ !reby2 9 o!r words1 x mu/ come up to ! /&>d4 ,9 h>d sold]+ ) borax1 direct1 sev]al ob/acles are enc\nt]$ t make ! process some:at difficult4 ,9 #ffc ! fir/ place ! salt =ms great bubbles 9 contact ) ! sold]+ iron1 & easily scales away f ! surface ( ! p>ts to be sold]$4 ,besides ?is1 ! p>ts mu/ be c>efully clean$ ea* "t prior to apply+ ! salt4 ,all ^! difficulties vani% if in/ead ( borax we use its compon5t p>ts1 boric acid & sodium c>bonate4 ,! heat ( ! sold]+ iron act+ on ^! causes !m to comb9e 9 su* a way z to produce an excell5t flux1 free f ! difficulties m5tion$4 ,composition ( ,v>i\s ,h>d ,sold]s4--,yell[ sold]s = brass1 bronze1 copp]1 & iron3 ,i4--,%eet-brass *ips1 #e p>ts1 & z9c1 #c to #e p>ts1 easily fusible4 ,,ii4--,%eet brass *ips1 #c p>ts1 & z9c1 #a "p2 refractory4 ,,iii4--,%eet-brass *ips1 #g p>ts1 & z9c1 #a "p2 v refractory & firm4 ,semi-:ite sold]s1 conta9+ t9 & consequ5tly h>d]3 ,i4--,%eet brass1 #ab p>ts2 z9c1 #d to #g p>ts1 & t91 #a "p4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #af p>ts2 z9c1 #af p>ts1 & t91 #a "p4 ,,iii4--,yell[ sold]1 #bj to #cj p>ts1 & t91 #a "p4 ,:ite sold]s3 ,i4--,%eet brass1 #bj p>ts2 z9c1 #a "p1 & t91 #d p>ts4 ,,ii4--,copp]1 #c p>ts2 z9c1 #a "p1 & t91 #a "p4 ,to ,h>d-,sold] ,p>ts ,=m]ly ,sold]$ ) ,t9 ,sold]4--,to repair gold or silv] articles :i* h be5 spoil$ ) t9 sold] proce$ z foll[s3 ,heat+ ! object c>efully by means ( a small _s lamp1 bru% ! t9 (f z mu* z possible ) a *alk bru%2 place ! article 9 a dilut$ solution ( hydro*loric acid = ab\t #h to #aj h\rs1 z requir$4 ,if mu* t9 rema9s1 p]haps #ab h\rs may be necess>y4 ,next )draw x1 r9se (f & dry2 :]eupon x is c>efully anneal$ & f9ally put 9 a pickle ( dilute sulphuric acid1 to remove ! anneal+ film4 ,:5 ! article has be5 dipp$1 x may be h>d sold]$ aga94 ,,silv] ,,sold]s4 ,silv] sold] is ca/ 9 ! =m ( +ots1 :i* are hamm]$ or roll$ into ?9 %eets4 ,f ^! small *ips or 8l9ks10 z !y are call$1 are cut (f4 ,! melt$ sold] c also be p\r$1 :5 slightly cool$1 into a dry iron mort> & pulv]iz$ :ile /ill w>m4 ,! sold] c also be fil$ & ! fil+s us$ = sold]+4 ,silv] sold]s are us$ n only = sold]+ silv] objects1 b also = sold]+ metals ( :i* great resi/ance is expect$4 ,a di/9ction mu/ be drawn betwe5 silv] sold] consi/+ ei!r ( copp] & silv] alone1 & silv] sold] to :i* t9 has be5 add$4 ,v ,h>d ,silv] ,sold] = ,f9e ,silv]w>e4-- ,i4--,copp] #a "p ,silv] #d p>ts ,h>d silv] sold]4 ,,ii4--,copp] #a "p ,silv] #bj p>ts ,brass #i p>ts ,,iii4--,copp] #b p>ts ,silv] #bh p>ts ,brass #aj p>ts ,s(t silv] sold]4 ,,iv4--,silv] #b p>ts ,brass #a "p ,v4--,silv] #c p>ts ,copp] #b p>ts ,z9c #a "p ,,vi4--,silv] #aj p>ts ,brass #aj p>ts ,t9 #a "p ,^! sold]s are pref]ably to be employ$ = ! completion ( "w begun ) h>d silv] sold]s1 defective p>ts alone be+ treat$4 ,= ?is purpose x is sometimes advisable to use copp]-silv] alloys mix$ ) z9c1 z = example3 ,,vii4--,silv] #ab p>ts ,copp] #d p>ts ,z9c #a "p ,,viii4--,silv] #e p>ts ,brass #f p>ts ,z9c #b p>ts ,?is la/ =mula 7,,viii7 is mo/ commonly us$ = ord9>y silv]w>e4 ,silv] ,sold]s = ,sold]+ ,iron1 ,/eel1 ,ca/ ,iron1 & ,copp]4-- ,i4--,silv] #aj p>ts ,brass #aj p>ts ,,ii4--,silv] #j p>ts ,copp] #cj p>ts ,z9c #aj p>ts ,,iii4--,silv] #cj p>ts ,copp] #aj p>ts ,t9 #j4e p>ts ,,iv4--,silv] #fj p>ts ,brass #fj p>ts ,z9c #e p>ts #ffd ,9 ^? sold]s 9 :i* brass is us$ c>e %\ld be tak5 t none ( ! metals employ$ conta9s iron4 ,ev5 an inappreciable am\nt ( iron delet]i\sly affects ! sold]4 ,v4--,copp]1 #cj p>ts2 z9c1 #ab4he p>ts2 silv]1 #eg4ae p>ts4 ,,vi4--,copp]1 #bc4cc p>ts2 z9c1 #aj p>ts2 silv]1 #ff4fg p>ts4 ,,vii4--,copp]1 #bf4ff p>ts2 z9c1 #aj p>ts2 silv]1 #fc4cd p>ts4 ,,viii4--,silv]1 #ff p>ts2 copp]1 #bd p>ts1 & z9c1 #aj p>ts4 ,?is v /rong sold] is frequ5tly us$ = sold]+ silv] articles1 b c also be us$ = sold]+ o!r metals1 su* z brass1 copp]1 iron1 /eel b&-saw blades1 etc4 ,,ix4--,silv]1 #d p>ts1 & brass1 #c p>ts4 ,x4--,a v refractory silv] sold]1 :i*1 unlike ! silv] sold] conta9+ z9c1 is ( great ductility & does n break :5 hamm]$1 is compos$ ( #c p>ts silv] & #a "p copp]4 ,s(t ,silv] ,sold]s4--,i4--,a s(t silv] sold] = resold]+ p>ts already sold]$ is made ( silv]1 #c p>ts2 copp]1 #b p>ts1 & z9c1 #a "p4 ,,ii4--,silv]1 #a "p1 & brass1 #a "p2 or1 silv]1 #g p>ts2 copp]1 #c p>ts1 & z9c1 #b p>ts4 ,,iii4--,a readily fusible silv] sold] = ord9>y "w3 ,silv]1 #e p>ts2 copp]1 #f p>ts1 & z9c1 #b p>ts4 ,,iv4--7,s(t47 ,copp]1 #ad4ge p>ts2 z9c1 #h4bj p>ts2 silv]1 #gg4je p>ts4 ,v4--,copp]1 #bb4cd p>ts2 z9c1 #aj4dh p>ts2 silv]1 #fg4ah p>ts4 ,,vi4--,t91 #fc p>ts2 lead1 #cg p>ts4 ,fr5* ,sold]s = ,silv]4--,i4--,= f9e silv] "w3 ,f9e silv]1 #hg p>ts2 brass1 #ac p>ts4 ,,ii4--,= "w #gib f9e3 ,f9e silv]1 #hc p>ts2 brass1 #ag p>ts4 ,,iii4--,= "w #gab f9e3 ,f9e silv]1 #ge p>ts2 brass1 #be p>ts4 ,,iv4--,= "w #fcc f9e3 ,f9e silv]1 #ff p>ts2 brass1 #cd p>ts4 ,v4--,= "w #egb f9e3 ,f9e silv]1 #ee p>ts2 brass1 #de p>ts4 ,sold] = ,silv]smi?s1 etc4--,gold1 #aj p>ts2 silv]1 #ee p>ts2 copp]1 #bi p>ts2 z9c1 #f p>ts4 ,h>d ,sold]4--,silv]1 #fj p>ts2 bronze1 #ci p>ts2 ars5ic1 #a "p4 ,s(t ,sold]4--,p[d]$ copp]1 #cj p>ts2 sulphate ( z9c1 #aj p>ts2 m]cury1 #fj p>ts2 sulphuric acid4 ,put ! copp] & ! z9c sulphate 9 a porcela9 mort>1 & !n ! sulphuric acid4 ,en\gh acid is requir$ to cov] ! composition2 next add ! m]cury :ile /irr+ con/antly4 ,:5 ! amalgamation is effect$1 wa% sev]al times ) hot wat] to remove ! acid1 !n all[ to cool4 ,= use1 x is suffici5t to heat ! amalgam until x takes ! consi/5cy ( wax4 ,apply on ! p>ts to be sold]$ & let cool4 ,sold] = ,silv]-,plat$ ,"w4--,i4--,f9e silv]1 #b p>ts2 bronze1 #a "p4 ,,ii4--,silv]1 #fh p>ts2 copp]1 #bd p>ts2 z9c1 #ag p>ts4 ,sold] = ,silv] ,*a9s4--,i4--,f9e silv]1 #gd p>ts2 copp]1 #bd p>ts2 orpim5t1 #b p>ts4 ,,ii4--,f9e silv]1 #dj p>ts2 orpim5t1 #bj p>ts2 copp]1 #dj p>ts4 ,,s(t ,,sold]s3 ,see also ,brass ,sold]s1 ,copp] ,sold]s1 ,gold ,sold]s4 ,i4--,fifty p>ts bismu?1 #be p>ts t91 & #be p>ts lead4 ,?is mixture melts at #cib ,f4 ,,ii4--,fifty p>ts bismu?1 #cj p>ts lead1 & #bj p>ts t94 ,?is w melt at #cgd ,f4 ,,iii4--,! sold] t is us$ 9 sold]+ ,britannia metal & block t9 pipes is compos$ ( #b p>ts t9 & #a "p lead4 ,?is melts 9 ! bl[-pipe flame at _m degrees l[] temp]ature ?an ei!r t9 or ,britannia metal1 & x is ne>ly ( ! same color4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 9 mix+ ^! sold]s to keep !m well /irr$ :5 p\r+ into molds4 ,c>e %\ld also be tak5 t ! metal :i* melts at a high] temp]ature be melt$ fir/ & !n all[$ to cool to ! melt+ temp]ature ( ! next metal to be add$1 & s on4 ,articles to be sold]$ ) ^! sold]s %\ld be jo9$ ) a bl[ pipe to get ! be/ results1 b if a copp] is us$ x mu/ be drawn out to a long1 ?9 po9t4 ,= a flux use p[d]$ ros9 or sweet oil4 ,t9 sold]s = sold]+ lead1 z9c1 t91 t9-plate1 also copp] & brass :5 special /r5g? is n requir$1 are prep>$ z foll[s3 ,i4--,t91 #aj p>ts2 lead1 #d p>ts2 melt+ po9t1 #cef ,f4 ,,ii4--,t91 #aj p>ts2 lead1 #e p>ts2 melt+ po9t1 #cfe ,f4 ,,iii4--,t91 #aj p>ts2 lead1 #f p>ts2 melt+ po9t1 #cgd ,f4 #ffe ,,iv4--,t91 #aj p>ts2 lead1 #aj p>ts2 melt+ po9t1 #cib ,f4 ,v4--,t91 #aj p>ts2 lead1 #ae p>ts2 melt+ po9t1 #dcb ,f4 ,,vi4--,t91 #aj p>ts2 lead1 #bj p>ts2 melt+ po9t1 #dfd ,f4 ,! la/ ( ! above mixtures is ! *eape/1 on acc\nt ( ! l>ge quantity ( lead4 ,bismu? sold] or pewt]]'s sold] fusible at a l[ temp]ature is prep>$ by melt+ toge!r3 ,i4--,t91 #b p>ts2 lead1 #a "p2 bismu?1 #a "p2 melt+ po9t1 #bff ,f4 ,,ii4--,t91 #c p>ts2 lead1 #d p>ts2 bismu?1 #b p>ts2 melt+ po9t1 #big ,f4 ,,iii4--,t91 #b p>ts2 lead1 #b p>ts2 bismu?1 #a "p2 melt+ po9t1 #cbj ,f4 ,,/eel ,,sold]+4 ,dissolve scraps ( ca/ /eel 9 z small a quantity z possible ( nitric acid1 add f9ely pulv]iz$ borax & /ir vigor\sly until a fluid pa/e is =m$1 !n dilute by means ( sal ammoniac & put 9 a bottle4 ,:5 sold]+ is to be done1 apply a ?9 lay] ( ! solution to ! two p>ts to be sold]$1 & :5 ^! h be5 c>ri$ to ord9>y r$ness1 & ! mass is consequ5tly pla/ic1 beat lightly on ! anvil ) a flat hamm]4 ,?is recipe is useful = cases :5 ! /eel is n to be sold]$ at an elevation ( temp]ature to ! bright r$4 ,to ,sold] a ,piece ( ,h>d5$ ,/eel4--,to h>d-sold] a piece ( h>d5$ /eel su* z index 7regulator71 /op spr+ 79 ! "p :i* is n ela/ic71 click1 etc41 take a v flat *>coal if ! piece is difficult to atta*2 h>d-sold] & z soon z ! sold]+ has be5 done1 plunge ! piece into oil4 ,all t rema9s to be done is to blue x aga91 & to poli%4 ,sold]+ ,p[d] = ,/eel4--,melt 9 an e>!n pot #c p>ts ( borax1 #b ( colophony1 #a ( potassium c>bonate1 z mu* p[d]$ h>d soap1 to :i* mu/ be add$ #c p>ts ( f9ely p[d]$ glass & #b p>ts ( /eel fil+s4 ,! melt$ mass is run out ^u a cold plate ( %eet iron1 & :5 x is completely *ill$ x is brok5 into small bits or f9ely p[d]$4 ,to sold]1 x is necess>y to spr9kle ! p[d] on ! surfaces to be jo9$ sev]al m9utes be=e br++ !m toge!r4 ,sold]+ ,solution = ,/eel4--,a sold]+ solution = /eel t w n ru/ or black5 ! "w is made ( #f ounces alcohol1 #b ounces glyc]9e1 & #a ounce oxide ( z9c4 ,,plat9um ,,sold]s4 ,!re are _m plat9um sold]s 9 exi/5ce1 b ! ma9 pr9ciple to be borne 9 m9d 9 jewelry "w is t ! sold]+ seam %\ld be z little p]ceptible z possible2 ! sold]1 !re=e1 %\ld h ! same color z ! alloy4 ,i4--,a plat9um sold] :i* meets ^! requirem5ts v satisfactorily is compos$ ( #i p>ts gold & #a "p palladium2 or1 #h p>ts gold & #b p>ts palladium4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ is a readily fusible plat9um sold]3 ,f9e silv]1 #a4eee p>ts1 & pure plat9um1 #j4ehc p>ts4 ,?is melts easily 9 ! ord9>y draught furnace1 z well z be=e ! sold]+ pipe on a piece ( *>coal4 ,( simil> action is a sold] ( ! foll[+ composition1 :i* is v useful = places n expos$ to ! view3 ,,iii4--,f9e gold1 #a4eee p>ts2 f9e silv]1 #j4fe p>ts2 & pure copp]1 #j4cbd p>ts4 ,,sold] ,,= ,,iron3 ,see also "u ,silv] ,sold]s4 ,copp]1 #fg p>ts2 z9c1 #cc p>ts2 or1 copp]1 #fj p>ts2 z9c1 #dj p>ts4 ,,t9 ,,sold]s3 ,see also ,s(t ,sold]s4 ,gold jewelry :i* has be5 r5d]$ unsightly by t9 sold] may be fre$ f t9 entirely by dipp+ ! article = a few m9utes into ! foll[+ solution & !n bru%+ (f ! t93 ,pulv]ize #b p>ts ( gre5 vitriol & #a "p ( saltpet] & boil 9 a ca/-iron pot ) #aj p>ts ( wat] until ! l>g] "p ( ! latt] has evaporat$4 ,! cry/als =m+ ^u cool+ are dissolv$ 9 hydro*loric acid 7#h p>ts ( hydro*loric acid to #a "p ( cry/als74 ,if ! articles 9 "q h to be left 9 ! liquid = "s "t1 x is well to dilute x ) #c or #d p>ts ( wat]4 ,! t9 sold] is dissolv$ by ?is solution )\t attack+ or damag+ ! article 9 ! lea/4 ,,v>i\s ,,recipes ,,= ,,sold]+3 ,to ,conceal ,sold]+4--,visible sold]+ may be obviat$ by ! foll[+ me?ods3 ,= copp] goods a conc5trat$ solution ( blue vitriol is prep>$ & appli$ to ! places by means ( an iron rod or iron wire4 ,! ?ickness ( #fff ! lay] may be increas$ by a repetition ( ! process4 ,9 ord] to give ! places ?us copp]$ ! appe>ance ( ! o!rs1 use a saturat$ solution ( z9c vitriol1 #a "p1 & blue vitriol1 #b p>ts1 & f9i% rubb+ ) a piece ( z9c4 ,by spr9kl+ on gold p[d] & subsequ5tly poli%+1 ! color is r5d]$ deep]4 ,9 ! case ( gold articles ! places are fir/ copp]$ ov]1 !n cov]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( fi% glue1 aft] :i* bronze fil+s are ?r[n on4 ,:5 ! glue is dry rub (f quickly to produce a f9e poli%4 ,! places c1 ( c\rse1 also be electro-gilt1 :]eby a great] uni=mity ( ! %ade is obta9$4 ,9 silv] objects1 ! sold]+ seams1 etc41 are likewise copp]$ 9 ! above-describ$ mann]2 next !y are rubb$ ) a bru% dipp$ into silv] p[d] & fre%ly poli%$4 ,sold] = ,articles :i* w n ,be> a ,high ,temp]ature4--,take p[d]$ copp]1 ! precipitate ( a solution ( ! sulphate by means ( z9c1 & mix x ) conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 ,accord+ to ! degree ( h>dness requir$1 take f #bj to #cj or #cf p>ts ( copp]4 ,add1 :ile con/antly %ak+1 #gj p>ts ( quicksilv]1 & :5 ! amalgam is complete1 wa% ) w>m wat] to remove ! acid2 !n all[ x to cool4 ,9 #aj or #ab h\rs ! composition w be h>d en\gh to scrat* t94 ,= use1 w>m x until x rea*es ! consi/5cy ( wax1 & spread x :]e ne$$4 ,:5 cold x w adh]e ) great t5acity4 ,sold]+ a ,r+ ,conta9+ a ,jewel4--,i4--,fill a small crucible ) wet s& & bury ! "p ) ! jewel 9 ! s&4 ,n[ sold] ) s(t gold sold]1 hold+ ! crucible 9 ! h&4 ,! /one w rema9 un9jur$4 ,,ii4--,take tissue pap]1 te> x into /rips ab\t #c in*es 9 wid?1 & make !m into ropes2 wet !m ?or\ghly & wrap ! /one 9 !m1 pass+ ar\nd ! /one & ?r\gh ! r+ until ! c5t] ( ! latt] is slightly m ?an half fill$ ) pap]1 closely w\nd ar\nd4 ,n[ fix on *>coal1 p]mitt+ ! /one to protrude ov] ! edge ( ! *>coal1 & sold] rapidly4 ,! pap] w n only protect ! /one1 b also prev5t oxidation ( ! portion ( ! r+ :i* is cov]$4 ,sold]+ )\t ,heat4--,= sold]+ objects )\t heat+1 take a l>ge copp] wire fil$ to a po9t2 dip into sold]+ wat] & rub ! p>ts to be sold]$4 ,!n heat ! copp] wire & apply ! sold]1 :i* melts on contact4 ,x may !n be appli$ to ! desir$ spot )\t heat+ ! object4 ,,cold ,,sold]+3 ,see also ,adhesives & ,cem5ts4 ,= sold]+ articles :i* _c /& a high temp]ature1 ! foll[+ process may be employ$3 ,i4--,take p[d]$ copp] precipitat$ f a solution ( sulphate by means ( z9c & mix x 9 a ca/-iron or porcela9 mort> ) conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 ,! numb] ( p>ts ( copp] v>ies accord+ to ! degree ( h>dness :i* x is wi%$ to obta94 ,next add1 /irr+ con/antly1 #gj p>ts ( m]cury1 & :5 ! amalgam is f9i%$1 all[ to cool4 ,at ! end ( #aj to #ab h\rs ! composition is suffici5tly h>d4 ,= use1 heat until x acquires ! consi/5cy ( wax4 ,apply to ! surface4 ,:5 cool x w adh]e ) great t5acity4 ,,ii4--,cru% & mix #f p>ts ( sulphur1 #f p>ts ( :ite lead1 & #a "p ( borax4 ,make a r ?ick cem5t ( ?is p[d] by triturat+ x ) sulphuric acid4 ,! pa/e is spread on ! surfaces to be weld$1 & ! articles press$ firmly toge!r4 ,9 #f or #g days ! sold]+ is s /rong t ! two pieces _c be sep>at$1 ev5 by /rik+ !m ) a hamm]4 ,ca/-,iron ,sold]+4--,a new process consi/s 9 dec>boniz+ ! surfaces ( ! ca/ iron to be sold]$1 ! molt5 h>d sold] be+ at ! same "t br\ght into contact ) ! r$-hot metallic surfaces4 ,! admission ( air1 h[ev]1 %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/4 ,fir/ pickle ! surfaces ( ! pieces to be sold]$1 z usual1 ) acid & fa/5 ! two pieces toge!r4 ,! place to be sold]$ is n[ cov]$ ) a metallic oxyg5 comp\nd & any "o ( ! cu/om>y fluxes & heat$ until r$ hot4 ,! prep>ation be/ suit$ = ?is purpose is a pa/e made by intimately m+l+ toge!r cupr\s oxide & borax4 ,! latt] melts 9 sold]+ & protects ! pickl$ surfaces z well z ! cupr\s oxide f oxidation ?r\gh ! action ( ! air4 ,dur+ ! heat+ ! cupr\s oxide imp>ts its oxyg5 to ! c>bon conta9$ 9 ! ca/ iron & burns x4 ,metallic copp] sep>ates 9 f9e subdivision4 ,n[ apply h>d sold] to ! place to be unit$1 :i* 9 melt+ =ms an alloy ) ! elim9at$ copp]1 ! alloy comb9+ ) ! dec>buriz$ surfaces ( ! ca/ iron4 #ffg ,sold]+ ,block4--,?is "n is giv5 to a v useful support = h>d sold]+ & c be readily made4 ,! +r$i5ts are3 ,*>coal1 asbe/os1 & pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,^! are p[d]$ 9 equal p>ts1 made into a ?ick pa/e ) wat]1 & p\r$ into a suitable mold4 ,?us a sort ( ?ick plate is obta9$4 ,:5 ?is mass has dri$ x is remov$ f ! mold & a v ?9 cork plate is affix$ on "o surface by means ( ?9 glue4 ,! mission ( ?is plate is to receive ! po9ts ( ! wire clamps ) :i* ! articles to be sold]$ are atta*$ to ! sold]+ block1 ! asbe/os n af=d+ suffici5t hold = !m4 ,,sold]s ,,= ,,jewel]s3 ,see ,jewel]s' ,=mulas4 ,,sold] ,,f ,,gold1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,gold4 ,,sold]+ ,,pa/e4 ,! semi-liquid mass t]m$ sold]+ pa/e is produc$ by mix+ z9c *loride solution or t ( ammonia-z9c *loride ) />* pa/e4 ,= prep>+ ?is composition1 ord9>y potato />* is made ) wat] into a milky liquid1 ! latt] is heat$ to a boil ) con/ant /irr+1 & en\gh ( ?is mass1 :i* becomes gelat9\s aft] cool+1 is add$ to ! above-m5tion$ solutions z to cause a liquid resembl+ ?9 syrup to result4 ,! use ( all z9c prep>ations = sold]+ pres5ts ! drawback t vapors ( a /rongly acid odor are g5]at$ by ! heat ( ! sold]+ iron1 b ?is evil is (fset by ! extraord9>y conv5i5ce af=d$ :5 work+ ) ^! prep>ations4 ,x is n necess>y to subject ! places to be sold]$ to any special clean+ or prep>ation4 ,all t is requir$ is to coat !m ) ! sold]+ m$ium1 to apply ! sold] to ! seam1 etc41 & to wipe ! places ) a sponge or moi/5$ rag aft] ! sold] has cool$4 ,s9ce ! sold] adh]es readily ) ! use ( ^! sub/ances1 a skillful workman c soon rea* su* p]fection t he has no1 or v little1 subsequ5t poli%+ to d on ! sold]+ seams4 ,s(t ,sold]+ ,pa/e4--,small articles ( any metals t w\ld be v delicate to sold] ) a /ick ( sold]1 especially :]e p>ts fit into ano!r & only require a little sold] to hold !m toge!r1 c be/ be jo9$ ) a sold]+ pa/e4 ,?is pa/e conta9s ! sold] & flux comb9$1 & is easily appli$ to seams1 or a little appli$ be=e ! p>ts are put toge!r4 ,! sold]+ flame w cause ! t9 9 ! pa/e to amalgamate quickly4 ,! pa/e is made out ( />* pa/e mix$ ) a solution ( *loride ( t9 to ! consi/5cy ( syrup4 ,,solutions1 ,,p]c5tage3 ,see ,tables4 ,,soo?+ ,,syrup3 ,see ,pa9 ,kill]s4 ,,s\p ,,h]b ,,extract3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,,sozodont3 ,see ,d5tifrices4 ,,sp>ks ,,f ,,! ,,f+] ,,tips3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,spatt] ,,"w3 ,see ,lett]+4 ,,spav9 ,,cures3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,speculum ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,spices1 ,,adult]at$3 ,see ,foods4 ,,spices ,,= ,,flavor+3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,_s ,,indu/rial ,,& ,,potable ,,alcohol3 ,,s\rces ,,& ,,manufacture4 ,ab/ract ( a ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 prep>$ = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture by ,dr4 ,h>vey ,w4 ,wiley4 ,! t]m 8indu/rial alcohol10 or _s1 is us$ = brevity1 & also because x diff]5tiates %>ply betwe5 alcohol us$ = bev]ages or = m$ic9e & alcohol us$ = te*nical purposes 9 ! arts4 ,alcohol ,def9$4--,! t]m 8alcohol0 z "h us$ & z g5]ally us$ means t p>ticul> product :i* is obta9$ by ! f]m5tation ( a sug>1 or a />* conv]t$ into sug>1 & :i*1 f a *emical po9t ( view1 is a comp\nd ( ! hypo!tical sub/ance 8e?yl0 ) wat]1 or ) t "p ( wat] rema9+ aft] ! sep>ation ( "o ( ! atoms ( hydrog54 ,?is is a r te*nical expression1 b x is v difficult1 )\t us+ te*nical language1 to give a def9ition ( alcohol f ! *emical po9t ( view4 ,!re are ?ree elem5t>y sub/ances repres5t$ 9 alcohol3 ,c>bon1 ! *emical symbol ( :i* is ,c2 hydrog51 symbol #ffh ,h2 & oxyg51 symbol ,o4 ,^! atoms are put toge!r to =m common alcohol1 or1 z x is call$1 e?yl alcohol1 9 :i* prep>ation #b atoms ( c>bon & #e atoms ( hydrog5 =m ! hypo!tical sub/ance 8e?yl10 & #a atom ( oxyg5 & #a atom ( hydrog5 =m ! hydroxyl d]iv$ f wat]4 ,! *emical symbol ( alcohol !re=e is ,c#b;,h#e,,oh4 ,absolutely pure e?yl alcohol is made only ) great difficulty1 & ! pure/ comm]cial =ms /ill h associat$ ) !m traces ( o!r volatile products =m$ at ! "t ( ! di/illation1 *ief among :i* is t gr\p ( alcohols to :i* ! "n 8fus$ oil0 is appli$4 ,s f> z indu/rial purposes are conc]n$1 h[ev]1 e?yl alcohol is ! only compon5t ( any consequ5ce1 j z 9 reg>d to ! "* ( bev]ages ! e?yl alcohol is ! compon5t ( lea/ consequ5ce4 ,s\rces ( ,potable ,alcohol4--,! raw mat]ials f :i* alcohol is made consi/ ( ^? crops :i* conta9 sug>1 />*1 gum1 & cellulose 7woody fib]7 capable ( be+ easily conv]t$ into a f]m5table sug>4 ,alcohol z su* is n us$ z a bev]age4 ,! alcohol occurr+ 9 di/ill$ bev]ages is pr9cipally d]iv$ f ,indian corn1 rye1 b>ley1 & molasses4 ,alcohol is also produc$ = dr9k+ purposes f f]m5t$ fruit juices su* z ! juice ( grapes1 apples1 pea*es1 etc4 ,9 ! production ( alcoholic bev]ages a c>eful selection ( ! mat]ials is requir$ 9 ord] t ! desir$ "* ( dr9k may be secur$4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! production ( rum1 ! molasses d]iv$ f ! manufacture ( sug> f sug> cane is ! pr9cipal raw mat]ial4 ,9 ! f]m5tation ( molasses a p>ticul> product is =m$ :i* by di/illation gives ! alcohol comp\nd possess+ ! aroma & flavor ( rum4 ,9 ! mak+ ( br&y1 only s\nd w9e c be us$ z ! raw mat]ial1 & ?is s\nd w9e1 :5 subject$ to di/illation1 gives a product conta9+ ! same k9d ( alcohol z t f\nd 9 rum1 b associat$ ) ! products ( f]m5tation :i* give to ! di/illate a "* entirely di/9ct & sep>ate f t ( rum4 ,aga91 :5 b>ley malt or a mixture ( b>ley malt & rye is prop]ly ma%$1 f]m5t$1 & subject$ to di/illation1 a product is obta9$ :i*1 :5 prop]ly conc5trat$ & ag$1 becomes potable malt or rye :isky4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 if ,indian corn & b>ley malt are prop]ly ma%$1 ) a small portion ( rye1 ! ma% f]m5t$ & subject$ to di/illation1 & ! di/illate prop]ly prep>$ & ag$1 ! product is kn[n z ,b\rbon :isky4 ,?us1 e k9d ( alcoholic bev]age gets its real "*1 ta/e1 & aroma1 n f ! alcohol :i* x conta9s b f ! products ( f]m5tation :i* are obta9$ at ! same "t ! alcohol is made & :i* are c>ri$ ov] ) ! alcohol at ! "t ( di/illation4 ,agricultural ,s\rces ( ,indu/rial ,alcohol4--,! *ief alcohol-yield+ mat]ial produc$ 9 f>m crops is />*1 ! second important mat]ial is sug>1 & ! ?ird & lea/ important raw mat]ial is cellulose1 or woody fib]4 ,! quantity ( alcohol produc$ f cellulose is s small z to be ( no importance at ! pres5t "t1 & !re=e ?is s\rce ( alcohol w only be discuss$ "u ! head+s 8,utilization ( ,wa/e ,mat]ial or ,by-,products0 & 8,wood ,pulp & ,sawdu/40 ,/>*-,produc+ ,plants4--,/>* is a comp\nd :i*1 f ! *emical po9t ( view1 belongs to ! class kn[n z c>bohydrates1 t is1 comp\nds 9 :i* ! elem5t c>bon is associat$ by a *emical union ) wat]4 ,/>* is !re=e a comp\nd made ( c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg51 exi/+ 9 ! proportion ( #b atoms ( hydrog5 to #a atom ( oxyg54 ,ea* molecule ( />* conta9s at lea/ #f atoms ( c>bon1 #aj atoms ( hydrog51 & #e atoms ( oxyg54 ,! simple/ expression = />* is !re=e ,c#f;,h#aj,o#e4 ,inasmu* z ?is is ! simple/ expression = :at ! *emi/ kn[s z a molecule ( />*1 & x is v probable t v _m1 p]haps a hundr$ or m1 ( ^! molecules exi/ toge!r1 ! prop] expression = />* f a *emical po9t ( view w\ld be 7,c#f;,h#aj,o#e7x4 ,! pr9cipal />*-produc+ plants are ! c]eals1 ! potato1 & cassava4 ,) ! potato may be class$1 ?\gh n botanically relat$ !reto1 ! sweet potato & ! yam4 ,among c]eals rice has ! l>ge/ p]c5tage ( />* & oats ! smalle/4 ,! potato1 z gr[n = ! table1 has an av]age cont5t ( ab\t #ae p] c5t ( />*4 ,:5 a potato is gr[n specifically = ! production ( alcohol x conta9s a l>g] quantity1 or ne>ly #bj p] c5t4 ,cassava conta9s a l>g] p]c5tage ( />* ?an ! potato1 v>y+ f #bj to #cj p] c5t4 ,sug>-,produc+ ,plants4--,sug> cane1 #ffi etc4 ,:ile sug> is pres5t 9 "s degree 9 all vegetable gr[?s1 !re are "s plants :i* produce x 9 l>g] quantities ?an are requir$ = imm$iate ne$s1 & ?is sug> is /or$ 9 "s "p ( ! plant4 ,two plants are prem95tly kn[n = _! ri*ness 9 sug>1 namely1 ! sug> cane & ! sug> beet4 ,9 ,l\isiana ! sug> canes conta9 f #i to #ad p] c5t ( sug>1 & tropical canes conta9 a /ill l>g] am\nt4 ,! juices ( ! sug> beet conta9 f #ab to #ah p] c5t ( sug>4 ,!re are o!r plants :i* produce l>ge quantities ( sug>1 b :i* are less available = sug>-mak+ purposes ?an ^? j m5tion$4 ,among ^!1 ! sorghum mu/ be fir/ m5tion$1 conta9+ 9 ! /alk at ! "t ! se$ is j mature & ! />* h>d5$ f #i to #ae p] c5t ( sug>4 ,sorghum se$ w also yield z mu* alcohol z equal weights ( ,indian corn4 ,! juices ( ! /alks ( ,indian corn conta9 at ! "t ! gra9 is h>d5+ & = "s "t !reaft] l>ge quantities ( sug>1 v>y+ f #h to #ae p] c5t4 ,9 ! case ( ! sorghum & ! ,indian-corn /alk a l>ge "p ( ! sug> pres5t is n cane sug> or sucrose z x is commonly kn[n1 b ! inv]t sug> d]iv$ !refrom4 ,= ! purposes ( mak+ alcohol ! inv]t sug> is ev5 m suitable ?an cane sug>4 ,_m o!r plants conta9 notable quantities ( sug>1 b1 ) ! exception ( fruits1 discuss$ "u ! foll[+ caption1 n 9 suffici5t quantities to be able to compete ) ^? j m5tion$ = mak+ ei!r sug> or alcohol4 ,cane sug> is n directly susceptible to f]m5tation4 ,*emically consid]$1 x has ! =mula express$ by ! symbols3 ,c#ab;,h#bb,o#aa4 ,:5 cane sug> hav+ ! above composition becomes inv]t$1 x is due to a process kn[n z hydrolysis1 :i* consi/s 9 ! molecule ( cane sug> tak+ up #a molecule ( wat] & splitt+ (f into #b molecules ( sug> hav+ ! same =mula b diff]5t physical & *emical prop]ties4 ,?us ! process may be repres5t$ z foll[s3 ,c#ab;,h#bb,o#aa 7cane sug>7 ,h#b,o 7wat]7 ,c#f;,h#ab,o#f 7dextrose7 ,c#f;,h#ab,o#f 7levulose74 ,^! two sug>s 7dextrose & levulose7 tak5 toge!r are kn[n z inv]t sug> & are directly susceptible to f]m5tation4 ,all cane sug> assumes ! =m ( inv]t sug> be=e x becomes f]m5t$4 ,fruits4--,ne>ly all fruit juices are ri* 9 sug>1 v>y+ 9 cont5t f #e to #cj p] c5t4 ,! sug> 9 fruits is compos$ ( bo? cane sug> & its inv]t products 7dextrose & levulose71 9 "s fruits pr9cipally ! latt]4 ,( ! common fruits ! grape yields ! l>ge/ p]c5tage ( sug>4 ,! normal grape us$ = w9e mak+ conta9s f #af to #cj p] c5t ( sug>1 ! usual am\nt be+ ab\t #bj p] c5t4 ,fruit juices are n usually employ$ 9 any c\ntry = mak+ indu/rial alcohol1 because ( _! v mu* great] value = ! production ( bev]ages4 ,composition & ,yield ( ,alcohol-,produc+ ,crops4--,! weight ( alcohol t may be produc$ f a giv5 crop is e/imat$ at a little less ?an "o-half ( ! am\nt ( f]m5table sub/ance pres5t1 x be+ und]/ood t ! f]m5table sub/ance is express$ 9 t]ms ( sug>4 ,pa/eur 0 ! fir/ to po9t out ! fact t :5 sug> 0 f]m5t$ x yield$ !oretically a little ov] "o-half ( its weight ( alcohol4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! production ( alcohol a process ( hydrolysis is tak+ place :i* adds a c]ta9 quantity ( alcohol to ! products :i* are =m$4 ,= ?is reason #ajj p>ts ( sug> yield m ?an #ajj p>ts ( f]m5table products4 ,! di/ribution ( ! weights produc$1 z !oretically calculat$ by ,pa/eur1 is z foll[s3 ,"o hundr$ p>ts ( sug> yield ! foll[+ quantities ( ! products ( f]m5tation3 ,alcohol #ea4aj p>ts ,c>bonic acid #di4bj p>ts ,glyc]9e #c4dj p>ts ,organic acids1 *iefly succ9ic 4#fe p>ts ,e!rs1 aldehydes1 furfural1 fat1 etc4 #a4cj p>ts ,total weight f]m5tation products produc$ #aje4fe p>ts ,arti*okes4--,! arti*oke has be5 highly recomm5d$ = ! manufacture ( alcohol4 ,! f]m5table mat]ial 9 ! arti*oke is nei!r />* nor sug>1 b consi/s ( a mixture ( a numb] ( c>bohydrates ( :i* inul9 & levul9 are ! pr9cipal con/itu5ts4 ,:5 ^! c>bohydrate mat]ials are hydroliz$ into sug>s !y produce levulose in/ead ( dextrose4 ,! levulose is equally z valuable z dextrose = ! production ( alcohol4 ,arti*okes may be h>ve/$ ei!r 9 ! autumn or 9 ! spr+4 ,z !y keep well dur+ ! w9t]1 & 9 a few places #fgj may be kept 9 hot wea!r1 !y =m a raw mat]ial :i* c be /or$ = a long p]iod & /ill be valuable = f]m5tation purposes4 ,"u ! t]m 8inul90 are includ$ all ! f]m5table c>bohydrates4 ,! above data %[1 9 r\nd numb]s1 #ag p] c5t ( f]m5table matt]4 ,!oretically1 !re=e1 #ajj p\nds ( arti*okes w\ld yield approximately #h #a_/b p\nds ( indu/rial alcohol1 or ab\t #a #a_/d gallons4 ,bananas4--,! banana is a crop :i* gr[s 9 luxuri\s abundance 9 tropical c\ntries1 especially ,guatemala & ,nic>agua4 ,! fruit conta9s l>ge quantities ( />* & sug> suitable = alcohol mak+4 ,f #bj to #be p] c5t ( ! weight ( ! banana consi/s ( f]m5table mat]ial4 ,x is evid5t t 9 ! c\ntries :]e ! banana gr[s 9 su* luxuriance x w\ld be a *eap s\rce ( indu/rial alcohol4 ,b>ley & ! ,manufacture ( ,malt4--,a v important c]eal 9 connection ) ! manufacture ( alcohol is b>ley :i* is q univ]sally employ$ = mak+ malt1 ! malt 9 its turn be+ us$ = ! conv]sion ( ! />* ( o!r c]eals into sug> 9 _! prep>ation = f]m5tation4 ,malt is made by ! spr\t+ ( b>ley at a l[ temp]ature 7f #ej to #fj ,f47 until ! small roots are =m$ & ! g]m has gr[n to ! l5g? ( #a_/b an in* or m4 ,! be/ malts are made at a l[ temp]ature requir+ f #aj to #ad days = ! gr[? ( ! b>ley4 ,! b>ley is moi/5$ & spread ^u a floor1 usually ( cem5t1 to ! dep? ( #a foot or #ah in*es4 ,z ! b>ley becomes w>m by ! process ( g]m9ation1 x is turn$ f "t to "t & ! room is kept well v5tilat$ & cool4 ,x is bett] at ?is po9t 9 ! manufacture ( malt to keep ! temp]ature bel[ #fj ,f4 ,aft] ! spr\t+ has be5 cont9u$ z above not$ = ! prop] l5g? ( "t1 ! b>ley is transf]r$ to a dri]1 :]e x is subject$ to a l[ temp]ature at fir/ & f9ally to a temp]ature n to exce$ #adj or #aeh ,f41 until all ! wat] is driv5 (f1 except #b or #c p] c5t4 ,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 dry+ ! b>ley n to raise ! temp]ature too high1 le/ ! dia/ase :i* is =m$ be depriv$ ( its active qualities4 ,! malt has a sweeti% ta/e1 ! pr9cipal portion ( ! />* hav+ be5 conv]t$ into sug>1 :i* is kn[n *emically z 8maltose40 ,?is sug> is1 ( c\rse1 utiliz$ 9 ! f]m5tation = ! production ( alcohol4 ,malt is *iefly valuable1 h[ev]1 n because ( ! am\nt ( alcohol t may be produc$ !refrom1 b f ! fact t 9 quantities ( ab\t #aj p] c5t x is capable ( conv]t+ ! />* ( ! :ole ( ! unmalt$ gra9s1 :atev] _! orig9 may be1 into maltose1 ?us prep>+ ! />* = f]m5tation4 ,b>ley is n itself us$ 9 ?is c\ntry z a s\rce ( indu/rial alcohol1 b x is employ$ = produc+ ! highe/ grades ( :isky1 made ( pure b>ley malt1 :i*1 aft] f]m5tation1 is di/ill$ 9 a pot /ill1 conc5trat$ 9 ano!r pot /ill to ! prop] /r5g?1 plac$ 9 wood1 & /or$ = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,b>ley malt is too exp5sive a s\rce ( alcohol to ju/ify its use = indu/rial purposes4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! *eape/ & be/ me?ods ( conv]t+ ! />* ( o!r c]eals into sug> prep>atory to f]m5tation4 ,b>ley has1 9 r\nd numb]s1 ab\t #fh p] c5t ( f]m5table matt]4 ,! weight ( a bu%el ( b>ley 7#dh p\nds7 multipli$ by #j4fh gives #cb p\nds ( f]m5table matt] 9 a bu%el ( b>ley4 ,cassava4--,cassava is gr[n ov] a l>ge area ( ! ,s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates ( ?is c\ntry4 ,( all ! sub/ances :i* h be5 m5tion$1 except ! c]eals1 cassava conta9s ! l>ge/ am\nt ( alcoholic or f]m5table sub/ances4 ,! root1 depriv$ ( its out] envelope1 conta9s a little ov] #cj p] c5t ( />*1 :ile ! undet]m9$ matt] 9 ! analyses is pr9cipally sug>4 ,if ?is be add$ to ! />*1 x is se5 t approximately #ce p] c5t ( ! fre% root is f]m5table4 ,?is ( c\rse repres5ts a v high grade ( cassava1 ! ord9>y roots conta9+ v mu* less f]m5table matt]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is assum$ t ! f]m5table matt] ( cassava root w av]age #be p] c5t1 ?is am\nt is mu* great] ?an ! av]age ( ! potato1 or ev5 ( ! sweet potato & ! yam4 ,tw5ty-five p] c5t is und\bt$ly a l[ av]age cont5t ( f]m5table matt]4 ,9 ! dry root !re is f\nd ne>ly #gb p] c5t ( />* & #ag p] c5t ( extract1 pr9cipally sug>4 ,assum+ t #ae p] c5t ( ?is is f]m5table1 & add+ ?is to ! #gb p] c5t1 x is se5 t #hg p] c5t ( ! dry matt] ( ! cassava is f]m5table4 ,?is appe>s to be a v high figure1 b x d\btless repres5ts almo/ exactly ! conditions :i* exi/4 ,x w\ld be p]fectly safe to say1 disc\nt+ any exceptional qualities ( ! samples exam9$1 t #hj p] c5t ( ! dry matt] ( ! cassava root is #fga capable ( be+ conv]t$ into alcohol4 ,x ?us becomes 9 a dry /ate a s\rce ( alcohol almo/ z valuable1 p\nd = p\nd1 z rice4 ,c>eful exam9ations1 h[ev]1 ( actual conditions %[ t if #e tons p] acre ( roots are obta9$ x is an av]age yield4 ,9 v _m cases1 :]e no f]tiliz] is us$ & :]e ! roots are gr[n 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 ! yield is f> less ?an ?is1 :ile ) improv$ me?ods ( agriculture x is great]4 ,! b>k ( ! root1 has v little f]m5table matt] 9 x4 ,if ! :ole root be consid]$1 ! p]c5tage ( />* is less ?an x w\ld be = ! peel$ root4 ,if cassava yields #d tons1 or #h1jjj p\nds1 p] acre & conta9s #be p] c5t ( f]m5table matt]1 ! total weight ( f]m5table matt] is #b1jjj p\nds1 yield+ approximately #a1jjj p\nds ( #ie p] c5t alcohol1 or #adc gallons ( #ie p] c5t alcohol p] acre4 ,corn 7,indian ,corn or ,maize74--,! crop :i* at ! pres5t "t is ! s\rce ( almo/ all ( ! alcohol made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ,indian corn4 ,! f]m5table matt] 9 ,indian corn--t is1 ! "p :i* is capable ( be+ conv]t$ into alcohol--am\nts to ne>ly #gj p] c5t ( ! total weight1 s9ce ! unf]m5table cellulose & p5tosans includ$ 9 c>bohydrates d n exce$ #b p] c5t4 ,inasmu* z a bu%el ( ,indian corn weighs #ef p\nds1 ! total weight ( f]m5table matt] !re91 9 r\nd numb]s1 is #ci p\nds4 ,! weight ( ! alcohol :i* is produc$ "u ! be/ conditions is little less ?an "o-half ( ! f]m5table matt]4 ,!re=e ! total weight ( alcohol :i* w\ld be yield$ by a bu%el ( av]age ,indian corn w\ld be1 9 r\nd numb]s1 ab\t #ai p\nds4 ,! weight ( a gallon ( #ie p] c5t alcohol is ne>ly #g p\nds4 ,h5ce #a bu%el ( corn w\ld produce #b4g gallons4 ,if ! av]age price ( ,indian corn be plac$1 9 r\nd numb]s1 at #dj c5ts a bu%el1 ! co/ ( ! raw mat]ial--t is1 ( ! ,indian corn--= manufactur+ #ie p] c5t indu/rial alcohol is ab\t #ae c5ts a gallon4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ ! co/ ( manufacture1 /orage1 etc41 :i* is p]haps z mu* m1 mak+ ! e/imat$ actual co/ ( indu/rial alcohol ( #ie p] c5t /r5g? made f ,indian corn ab\t #cj c5ts p] gallon4 ,if to ?is be add$ ! pr(its ( ! manufactur] & deal]1 x appe>s t "u ! conditions cit$1 indu/rial alcohol1 untax$1 %\ld be sold = ab\t #dj c5ts p] gallon4 ,potatoes4--,! weight ( a bu%el ( potatoes is #fj p\nds4 ,z ! av]age am\nt ( f]m5table matt] 9 potatoes gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is #bj p] c5t1 ! total weight ( f]m5table matt] 9 a bu%el ( potatoes is #ab p\nds1 :i* w\ld yield approximately #f p\nds or #c4f qu>ts ( alcohol4 ,! quantity ( />* 9 ,am]ican-gr[n potatoes v>ies f #ae to #bj p] c5t4 ,probably #ah p] c5t might be /at$ z ! g5]al av]age ( ! be/ grades ( potatoes4 ,"u ! microscope ! granules ( potato />* h a di/9ctive appe>ance4 ,!y appe> z egg-%ap$ bodies on :i*1 especially ! l>g] ones1 v>i\s r+-l l9es are se54 ,) a modifi$ light "u c]ta9 conditions ( obs]vation a black cross is develop$ ^u ! granule4 ,x is n difficult = an exp]t microscopi/ to di/+ui% potato f o!r =ms ( />* by ?is appe>ance4 ,! potato conta9s v little mat]ial :i* is capable ( f]m5tation aside f />* & sug>s4 ,al?\gh ! potato is n sweet to ! ta/e 9 a fre% /ate1 x conta9s notable quantities ( sug>4 ,?is sug> is lo/ :5ev] ! potato is us$ = />*-mak+ purposes1 b is utiliz$ :5 x is us$ = ! manufacture ( indu/rial alcohol4 ,! p]c5tage ( sug> ( all k9ds 9 ! potato r>ely goes above #a p] c5t4 ,! av]age quantity is probably n f> f #j4ce p] c5t1 includ+ sug>1 r$uc+ sug>1 & dextr91 all ( :i* are soluble 9 wat]4 ,9 ! treatm5t ( potatoes = />* mak+1 !re=e1 x may be e/imat$ t #j4ce p] c5t ( f]m5table matt] is lo/ 9 ! wa% wat]4 ,av]age ,composition4--,! av]age composition ( potatoes is3 ,wat] #ge4jj p] c5t ,/>* #ai4hg p] c5t ,sug>s & dextr9 4#gg p] c5t ,fat 4#jh p] c5t ,cellulose 4#cc p] c5t ,a% #a4jj p] c5t ,accord+ to ,ma]ck]1 ! sug> cont5t1 includ+ all =ms ( sug>1 v>ies greatly4 ,p]fectly ripe potatoes conta9 g5]ally no sug> or only a fractional p] c5t4 ,:5 potatoes are /or$ "u unfavorable conditions1 l>ge quantities ( sug> may be develop$1 am\nt+ to z high z #e p] c5t altoge!r4 ,9 g5]al1 x may be /at$ t ! cont5t ( sug> ( all k9ds w v>y f #j4d p] c5t to #c4d p] c5t1 accord+ to conditions4 #fgb ,! lib]al application ( nitrog5\s f]tiliz]s increases ! yield p] acre ( tub]s & ( />* to a v m>k$ ext5t1 al?\gh ! av]age p]c5tage ( />* pres5t is increas$ v little4 ,( all ! common root crops1 ! potatoes1 includ+ ! yam & ! sweet potato1 are ! mo/ valuable = ! production ( alcohol1 mean+ by ?is t]m t !y conta9 m f]m5table matt] p] #ajj p\nds ?an o!r root crops4 ,:ile sug> beets1 c>rots1 & p>snips conta9 relatively l>ge am\nts ( f]m5table matt]1 ^! roots c\ld n compete ) potatoes ev5 if !y c\ld all be produc$ at ! same price p] #ajj p\nds4 ,a g5]al review ( all ! data indicates t "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances & ) potatoes :i* h be5 gr[n especially = ! purpose an av]age cont5t ( f]m5table matt] ( ab\t #bj p] c5t may be reasonably expect$4 ,x is ?us se5 t approximately #aj p\nds ( indu/rial alcohol c be made f #ajj p\nds ( potatoes4 ,if #fj p\nds be tak5 z ! av]age weight ( a bu%el ( potatoes1 !re are f\nd !re9 #ab p\nds ( f]m5table matt]1 f :i* #f p\nds ( indu/rial alcohol c be produc$1 or #f_/g ( a gallon4 ,x has also be5 %[n t ! am\nt ( ,indian corn necess>y = ! production ( a gallon ( indu/rial alcohol co/s n less ?an #ae c5ts4 ,f ?is x is evid5t t ! potatoes = alcohol mak+ w h to be produc$ at a co/ n to exce$ #ae c5ts p] bu%el1 be=e !y c compete ) ,indian corn = ! manufacture ( indu/rial alcohol4 ,rice4--,rice is n us$ to any great ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry = mak+ alcohol1 b x is ext5sively us$ = ?is purpose 9 ,japan & "s o!r c\ntries1 & has ! l>ge/ p]c5tage ( f]m5table matt] ( all ! c]eals4 ,! p]c5tage ( f]m5table matt] 9 rice is ne>ly #gh p] c5t4 ,a bu%el ( rice weighs1 unhull$1 #de p\nds1 hull$1 #ef p\nds1 & x !re=e has ab\t #cd & #dc p\nds1 respectively1 ( f]m5table matt] = ! unhull$ & ! hull$ rice4 ,x is n probable t rice w ev] be us$ to any ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry z a s\rce ( indu/rial alcohol1 al?\gh x is us$ to a l>ge ext5t 9 ! manufacture ( bev]ages1 z = in/ance 9 be]s1 :i* are (t5 made p>tly ( rice4 ,rye4--,l>ge quantities ( alcohol1 *iefly 9 ! =m ( alcoholic bev]ages1 are manufactur$ f rye4 ,x is1 9 connection ) ,indian corn1 ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! :iskies made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,rye1 h[ev]1 is n us$ to any ext5t 9 ?is or o!r c\ntries = mak+ indu/rial alcohol4 ,rye conta9s almo/ z mu* f]m5table matt] z ,indian corn4 ,a bu%el ( rye weighs #ef p\nds4 ,:eat & o!r c]eals1 n m5tion$ above1 are n us$ 9 ?is c\ntry to any appreciable ext5t 9 ! manufacture ( alcohol4 ,spelt4--,?is gra91 :i* is botanically a v>iety ( :eat1 m closely resembles b>ley4 ,"u favorable conditions z mu* z #gc bu%els p] acre h be5 report$1 & analyses %[ #gj p] c5t ( f]m5table c>bohydrates4 ,! weight p] bu%el is ab\t ! same z t ( oats4 ,x w\ld appe> t ?is crop might be wor?y ( consid]ation z a pr(itable s\rce ( indu/rial alcohol4 ,sug> ,beets4--,! sug> beet is (t5 us$ directly z a s\rce ( alcohol4 ,work+ on a practical scale 9 ,france1 x has be5 f\nd t f #aj1dcj tons ( beets !re 7 produc$ #ahc1fbd gallons ( crude alcohol ( #ajj p] c5t /r5g?4 ,! beets conta9 #aa4cc p] c5t ( sug>4 ,f #bbj p\nds ( sug> #ae4fd gallons ( alcohol 7 produc$4 ,! weight ( pure alcohol obta9$ is a little less ?an "o-half ! weight ( ! dry f]m5table matt] calculat$ z sug> subject$ to f]m5tation4 ,ab\t #ah gallons ( alcohol are produc$ = ea* ton ( sug> beets employ$4 ,sweet ,potatoes4--,exp]im5ts %[ t z mu* z #aa1jjj p\nds ( sweet potatoes c be gr[n p] acre4 ,! av]age yield ( sweet potatoes1 ( c\rse1 is v mu* less4 ,on plots to :i* no f]tiliz] is add$ ! yield is ab\t #h1jjj p\nds ( sweet potatoes p] acre1 yield+ 9 r\nd numb]s #a1ijj p\nds ( />*4 ,! quantity ( sug> 9 ! #h1jjj p\nds is ab\t #cej p\nds1 :i* add$ to ! />*1 makes #b1bej p\nds ( f]m5table matt] p] acre4 ,?is w yield #a1abe p\nds ( indu/rial alcohol ( #ie p] c5t /r5g?1 or approximately #afj gallons p] acre4 ,! p]c5tage ( />* is m>k$ly great] ?an 9 ! :ite or ,iri% potato4 ,9 all cases ov] #bj p] c5t ( />* 0 obta9$ 9 ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a sweet potatoes1 & 9 "o in/ance ov] #bd p] c5t4 ,z mu* z #b1fjj p\nds ( />* 7 produc$ p] acre4 ,9 addition to />*1 ! sweet potato conta9s notable quantities ( sug>1 sometimes z high z #f p] c5t be+ pres5t1 s t ! total f]m5table matt] 9 ! sweet potato may be #fgc reckon$ at ! m9imum at #be p] c5t4 ,a bu%el ( sweet potatoes weighs #ee p\nds1 & "o-qu>t] ( ?is is f]m5table matt]1 or ne>ly #ad p\nds4 ,?is w\ld yield1 approximately1 #g p\nds1 or a little ov] #a gallon ( #ie p] c5t alcohol4 ,x may be fairly /at$1 !re=e1 9 a g5]al way1 t a bu%el ( sweet potatoes w yield #a gallon ( indu/rial alcohol4 ,exp]im5ts h %[n t ! quantity ( />* dim9i%es & ! quantity ( sug> increases on /or+4 ,fur!r1 x may be /at$ t 9 ! v>ieties ( sweet potatoes :i* are mo/ e/eem$ = table use !re is less />* & p]haps m sug> ?an /at$ above4 ,! total quantity ( f]m5table matt]1 h[ev]1 does n greatly *ange1 al?\gh !re is probably a slight loss4 ,utilization ( ,wa/e ,mat]ial or ,by-,products4--,molasses4--,! utilization ( ! wa/e mat]ials f ! sug> factories & sug> ref9]ies = ! purpose ( mak+ alcohol is a well-e/abli%$ indu/ry4 ,! use ( ^! s\rces ( supply dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! co/ ( ! molasses4 ,:5 ! sug> has be5 exhau/$ z fully z possible f ! molasses ! latt] consi/s ( a sac*>9e product1 conta9+ a consid]able quantity ( unf]m5table c>bohydrate matt]1 l>ge quantities ( m9]al salts1 & wat]4 ,9 molasses ( ?is k9d !re is probably n m ?an #ej p\nds ( f]m5table matt] to #ajj p\nds ( ! product4 ,assum+ t a gallon ( su* molasses weighs #aa p\nds1 x is se5 t x conta9s #e #a_/b p\nds ( f]m5table matt]1 yield+ #b #a_/d p\nds ( indu/rial alcohol ( #ie p] c5t /r5g?4 ,x requires ab\t #c gallons ( su* molasses to make #a gallon ( indu/rial alcohol4 ,:5 ! price ( molasses deliv]$ to ! ref9]ies falls z l[ z #e or #f c5ts a gallon x may be consid]$ a pr(itable s\rce ( alcohol4 ,wood ,pulp & ,sawdu/4--,_m attempts h be5 made to produce alcohol = indu/rial purposes f sawdu/1 wood pulp1 or wa/e wood mat]ial4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! process re/s ^u ! fact t ! woody sub/ance is compos$ ( cellulose & k9dr$ matt]s :i*1 "u ! action ( dilute acid 7pref]ably sulphuric or sulphur\s7 & heat1 ) or )\t pressure1 und]go hydrolysis & are *ang$ into sug>s4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! sug> :i* is =m$ is non-f]m5table1 consi/+ ( a sub/ance kn[n z xylose4 ,ano!r "p ( ! sug> produc$ is dextrose1 made f ! true cellulose :i* ! wood conta9s4 ,! yield ( alcohol 9 _m ( ! exp]im5ts :i* h be5 made has n be5 v satisfactory4 ,x is claim$1 h[ev]1 by "s au?ors t pay+ quantities ( alcohol are secur$4 ,9 ,simmons5's process = ! manufacture ( alcohol #a_/b p] c5t sulphuric acid is employ$ & f #d to #e p>ts ( ! liquid heat$ ) #a "p ( ! f9ely comm9ut$ wood = a qu>t] ( an h\r "u a pressure ( #i atmosph]es4 ,x is claim$ by ,simmons5 t he obta9$ a yield ( #f qu>ts ( alcohol f #aaj p\nds ( air-dri$ %av+s4 ,ano!r process :i* has be5 tri$ 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries = conv]t+ comm9ut$ wood into alcohol is kn[n z ,class5's4 ,! comm9ut$ wood is heat$ = #ae m9utes 9 a clos$ app>atus at a temp]ature ( f #bdh to #bic ,f4 9 ! pres5ce ( sulphur\s acid 7fumes ( burn+ sulphur7 in/ead ( sulphuric acid4 ,x is claim$ by ! inv5tor t he has made z mu* z #ab qu>ts ( alcohol f #aaj p\nds ( ! air-dri$ %av+s4 ,!re is reason to d\bt ! possibility ( secur+ su* high yields 9 actual practice z are claim$ 9 ! above processes4 ,t alcohol c be made f sawdu/ & wood %av+s is und\bt$ly true1 b :e!r or n x c be made pr(itably mu/ be det]m9$ by actual manufactur+ op]ations4 ,wa/e ,products ( ,cann]ies1 etc4--,! pr9cipal wa/e mat]ials :i* may be consid]$ 9 ?is connection are ! refuse ( w9e mak+1 fruit evaporat+1 & cann+ indu/ries1 especially ! wa/e ( factories devot$ to ! cann+ ( tomatoes & ,indian corn4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! wa/e fruit products !mselves1 :i* are n utiliz$ at all1 z1 = in/ance1 ! imp]fect & rott5 apples1 tomatoes1 grapes1 etc41 may be favorably consid]$4 ,! quantity ( wa/e products v>ies greatly 9 diff]5t mat]ials4 ,! quantities ( wa/e mat]ial 9 grapes & apples1 z %[n by ,laz5by1 are z foll[s3 ,ab\t #be p] c5t ( ! total weight 9 grapes1 ) ! exception ( ! wild grape1 :]e x is ab\t #fj p] c5t2 ) apples ! av]age p]c5tage ( wa/e 0 f\nd to be #bc4h p] c5t f #be v>ieties4 ,?is includ$ ! wa/e 9 ! core1 sk91 & ! defective apples caus$ by insects1 fungi1 bruises1 etc4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t 9 ! prep>ation ( fruits = #fgd pres]v+ purposes ab\t #be p] c5t ( _! weight is wa/e1 & ?is1 x is evid5t1 c\ld be utiliz$ = ! manufacture ( alcohol4 ,if apples be tak5 z a type ( fruits1 we may assume t ! wa/e portions conta9 #aj p] c5t ( f]m5table matt]s1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is p]haps r a high e/imate4 ,five p] c5t ( ?is might be recov]$ z indu/rial alcohol4 ,?us1 ea* #ajj p\nds ( fruit wa/e 9 ! mo/ favorable circum/ances might be expect$ to produce #e p\nds ( indu/rial alcohol4 ,! quantity ( wa/e :i* c\ld be utiliz$ = ?is purpose w\ld h>dly r5d] x pr(itable to engage 9 ! manufacture4 ,a small] p]c5tage c\ld be expect$ f ! wa/e ( ! tomato1 :]e ! quantity ( sug> is n s great4 ,9 ! wa/e ( ! sweet-corn factory ! am\nt ( f]m5table matt] w\ld dep5d l>gely on ! c>e ) :i* ! gra9 0 remov$4 ,!re is usually a consid]able quantity ( />*y mat]ial left on ! cobs1 & ?is1 ) ! natural sug>s :i* ! gr[n cobs conta91 might yield q l>ge quantities ( f]m5table matt]4 ,x w\ld n be pr(itable to erect di/ill]ies simply = ! utilization ( wa/e ( ?is k9d1 b if ^! wa/es c\ld be utiliz$ 9 di/ill]ies already e/abli%$ x might be pr(itable to devote !m to ?is purpose4 ,manufacture ( ,alcohol4--,! ?ree pr9cipal /eps 9 ! manufacture ( alcohol are 7#a7 ! prep>ation ( ! ma% or wort1 7#b7 ! f]m5tation ( ! ma% or wort drawn (f f ! ma% tun1 & 7#c7 ! di/illation ( ! dilute alcohol =m$ 9 ! be] or wa% f ! f]m5tation tanks4 ,! prep>ation ( ! ma% includes 7#a7 ! treatm5t ( ! mat]ial us$ ) hot wat] to =m a pa/e ( ! />* or ! sug>1 & 7#b7 ! action ( ! malt or f]m5t on ! pa/e to conv]t ! />* into f]m5table sug>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,,ma% ,,tun ,,9 ,,an ,,iri% ,,di/ill]y4 ,ma%+4--,figs4 #a & #b %[ two views ( ! ma%+ tun or tank1 ! fir/ figure giv+ ! g5]al appe>ance1 & ! second a view ( ! int]ior ( ! tun1 %[+ ! ma*9]y by :i* ! /irr+ is effect$ & ! s]ies ( pipes = cool+ ! f9i%$ product d[n to ! prop] temp]ature = ! application ( ! malt4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--,,ma%+ ,,& ,,cool+ ,,app>atus1 ,,cross ,,section4 ,! object ( ! ma% tun is to r$uce ! />* 9 ! gr\nd gra9 to a pa/y1 gummy mass1 9 ord] t ! f]m5t ( ! malt may act ^u x vigor\sly & conv]t x into sug>4 ,if ! ma%+ be done be=e ! addition #fgf ( ! malt ! temp]ature may be rais$ to t ( boil+ wat]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! malt be add$ be=e ! ma%+ beg9s1 ! temp]ature %\ld n rise mu*1 if any1 above #adj ,f41 s9ce ! f]m5t+ p[] is ret>d$ & di/urb$ at high] temp]atures4 ,! ma%+ is simply a me*anical process by means ( :i* ! />* is r$uc$ to a =m ( pa/e & ! temp]ature ma9ta9$ at t po9t :i* is be/ suit$ to ! conv]sion ( ! />* into sug>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--;,,f]m5tation ,,tanks ,,9 ,,an ,,iri% ,,di/ill]y4 ,f]m5tation4--,! ma%1 aft] ! />* has all be5 conv]t$ into sug>1 goes into f]m5t+ tanks1 :i* 9 ,scotl& are call$ 8wa% backs10 :5 ! yea/ is add$4 ,a view ( ! typical wa% back is %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,!y (t5 h a /irr+ app>atus1 z indicat$ 9 ! figure2 :]eby ! cont5ts c be ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! yea/ & kept 9 motion4 ,?is is n necess>y aft] ! f]m5tation is once well e/abli%$1 b x is advisable1 especially 9 ! e>ly /ages1 to keep ! yea/ well di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! mass4 ,9 ^! tanks ! f]m5tations are conduct$1 ! temp]ature be+ v>i$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! product to be made4 ,= indu/rial alcohol ! sole purpose %\ld be to secure ! l>ge/ possible p]c5tage ( alcohol )\t ref]5ce to its palatable prop]ties4 ,an organism belong+ to ! vegetable family & to :i* ! "n 8yea/0 has be5 giv5 is ! active ag5t 9 f]m5tation4 ,! organism itself does n take a direct "p 9 ! process1 b x secretes ano!r f]m5t ( an unorganiz$ "* kn[n z an 8enzym0 or a 8dia/ase40 ,?is enzym has ! prop]ty1 "u prop] conditions ( food1 temp]ature1 & dilution1 ( act+ ^u sug> & conv]t+ x into alcohol & c>bonic acid4 ,anyone :o has ev] se5 a f]m5t+ vat 9 full op]ation & notic$ ! viol5t boil+ or ebullition ( ! liquor1 c und]/& h[ rapidly ! gas 8c>bon dioxide0 or 8c>bonic acid10 z x is usually call$1 may be =m$1 z x is ! escape ( ?is gas :i* gives ! appe>ance to ! tank ( be+ 9 a viol5t /ate ( ebullition4 ,! yea/ :i* produces ! f]m5tation belongs to ! same g5]al family z ! ord9>y yea/ :i* is us$ 9 ! leav5+ ( bread4 ,! leav5+ ( bread "u ! action ( yea/ is due to ! conv]sion ( ! sug> 9 ! d\gh into alcohol & c>bon dioxide or c>bonic acid4 ,! gas ?us =m$ becomes entangl$ 9 ! p>ticles ( ! glut51 & ^! exp&+ cause ! :ole mass to swell or 8rise10 z x is commonly express$4 ,/>* _c be directly f]m5t$1 b mu/ be fir/ conv]t$ into sug>1 ei!r by ! action ( a *emical l an acid1 or a f]m5t or enzym1 kn[n z dia/ase1 :i* is "o ( ! abundant con/itu5ts ( malt1 especially ( b>ley malt4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( a c]eal1 = in/ance1 = f]m5tation1 x is prop]ly s(t5$ & gr\nd1 & !n usually heat$ ) wat] to ! boil+ po9t or above 9 ord] t ! />* may be diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! wat]4 ,aft] cool+1 x is treat$ ) b>ley malt1 ! dia/ase ( :i* acts vigor\sly ^u ! />*1 conv]t+ x into a =m ( sug>1 namely1 maltose1 :i* l5ds itself readily to ! activities ( ! yea/ f]m5tation4 7,fig4 #d47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,,yea/ ,,f ,,be] ,,s$im5t ,,%[+ ,,budd+ 7 #abgj74 ,:5 ord9>y sug> 7cane sug>1 beet sug>1 & sucrose7 is subject$ to f]m5tation x is necess>y t ! yea/1 :i* also ex]ts an activity simil> to t ( malt1 %\ld fir/ conv]t ! cane sug> into inv]t sug> 7equal mixtures ( dextrose & levulose7 be=e ! alcoholic f]m5tation is set up4 ,! cane sug> is also easily inv]t$ by heat+ ) an acid4 ,:5 diff]5t k9ds ( sug>s & />*es are f]m5t$ = ! purpose ( mak+ a bev]age x is important t ! temp]ature ( f]m5tation be c>efully controll$1 s9ce ! "* ( ! product dep5ds l>gely ^u ! temp]ature at :i* ! f]m5tation takes place4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 indu/rial alcohol is made1 ! sole object is to get z l>ge a yield z possible1 & = ?is reason t temp]ature %\ld be employ$ :i* produces ! mo/ alcohol & ! lea/ by-products1 irrespective ( ! flavor or "* ( ! product made4 ,also1 9 ! mak+ ( alcoholic bev]ages1 x is important t ! malt be ( ! v be/ quality 9 #fgg ord] t ! result+ product may h ! prop] flavor4 ,9 ! production ( alcohol = indu/rial purposes ?is is ( no consequ5ce1 & ! sole purpose "h %\ld be to produce ! l>ge/ possible yield4 ,= ?is reason !re is no objection to ! use ( acids = conv]t+ ! />*1 cane sug>1 & cellulose into f]m5table sug>s4 ,!re=e1 ! heat+ ( ! raw mat]ials "u pressure ) dilute acids 9 ord] to procure ! l>ge/ quantity ( sug> is a p]fectly legitimate me?od ( proc$ure 9 ! manufacture ( indu/rial alcohols4 ,sug>s & />*es are usually associat$ 9 nature ) ano!r v>iety ( c>bohydrates kn[n z cellulose1 & ?is cellulose itself1 :5 act$ ^u by an acid1 is conv]t$ v l>gely into sug>s1 :i*1 on f]m5tation1 yield alcohol4 ,= indu/rial purposes1 ! alcohol produc$ 9 ?is mann] is j z valuable z t made f sug> & />*4 ,:e!r ! dia/atic me?od ( conv]t+ ! />* & sug> into f]m5table sug>s be us$1 or ! acid me?od1 is simply a "q ( economy & yield4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 alcoholic bev]ages are to be made1 ^? processes mu/ be employ$1 irrespective ( ! magnitude ( ! yield1 :i* give ! f9e/ & be/ flavors to ! products4 ,di/illation4--,! object ( di/illation is to sep>ate ! alcohol :i* has be5 =m$ f ! non-volatile sub/ances ) :i* x is mix$4 ,a typical =m ( di/ill+ app>atus = ! conc5tration ( ! dilute alcohol :i* is =m$ 9 ! be] or wa% f ! f]m5tation tanks1 is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--;,,cont9u\s ,,di/ill+ ,,app>atus4 ,?is app>atus is ( ! cont9u\s type common to ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,x consi/s ( a 8be] /ill0 provid$ ) a numb] ( *amb]s fitt$ ) p]=at$ plates & suitable ov]fl[ pipes4 ,x is op]at$ z foll[s3 ,! syrup & alcohol are pump$ into ! top ( ! be] /ill ?r\gh a pipe ,g2 ! tank ,g may also be plac$ above ! c5t] ( ! /ill & ! cont5ts all[$ to fl[ into ! /ill by gravity2 /eam is admitt$ ?r\gh an op5 pipe into ! kettle ,a at ! bottom ( ! column or is produc$ by heat+ ! sp5t liquor by means ( a coil4 ,! /eam asc5ds ?r\gh ! p]=ations 9 ! plates1 becom+ ri*] & ri*] 9 alcohol z x passes ?r\gh ea* lay] ( liquor1 :ile ! latt] gradually desc5ds by means ( ! ov]fl[ pipes to ! bottom ( ! column ,b & f9ally rea*es ! kettle completely exhau/$ ( alcohol1 :5ce x is remov$ by means ( a pump connect$ ) ! pipe l9e ,h4 ,on rea*+ ! top ( ! be] /ill ,b ! vapors ( ! alcohol & ! /eam cont9ue to rise & pass into ! alcohol column ,c4 ,?is column is also divid$ into *amb]s1 b by solid in/ead ( p]=at$ plates1 z %[n at ,k4 ,ea* *amb] is provid$ ) a return or ov]fl[ pipe & an op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! vapors asc5d4 ,9 ! alcohol column ! vapors are s direct$ z to pass ?r\gh a lay] ( #fgh liquid m or less ri* 9 alcohol :i* is reta9$ by ! plate sep>at+ ! comp>tm5ts4 ,an excess ( liquids 9 ^! comp>tm5ts ov]fl[s ?r\gh ! d[n pipes1 gradually works its way into ! be] /ill1 & !nce to ! kettle4 ,on rea*+ ! top ( ! column ! vapors1 :i* h n[ become q ri* 9 alcohol1 are pass$ into a coil provid$ ) an outlet at ! l[e/ "p ( ea* b5d4 ,^! outlets lead into ! return pipe ,p1 :i* connects ) ! top *amb] ( ! alcohol column4 ,?is coil is te*nically t]m$ ! 8goose0 & is imm]s$ 9 a tank call$ ! 8goose tub40 ,a suitable arrangem5t is provid$ = controll+ ! temp]ature ( ! wat] 9 ! tub by means ( outlet & inlet wat] pipes4 ,:5 ! /ill is 9 op]ation ! temp]ature ( ! 8goose0 is regulat$ accord+ to ! requir$ d5sity ( ! alcohol4 ,! object ( ! 8goose0 is ! return to ! column ( all l[ products :i* cond5se at a temp]ature bel[ ! boil+ po9t ( e?yl alcohol ( ! desir$ /r5g?4 ,on leav+ ! 8goose0 ! vapors ent] a cond5s] ,e1 :5ce ! liquid alcohol is conduct$ into a sep>ator ,f4 ,?is sep>ator consi/s simply ( a glass box provid$ ) a cyl9d] ?r\gh :i* a curr5t ( alcohol is con/antly fl[+4 ,an alcohol sp9dle is ins]t$ 9 ?is cyl9d] & %[s ! d5sity ( ! _s at all times4 ,a pipe1 ) a funnel-%ap$ op5+ at its upp] extremity1 connects ) ! pipe lead+ f ! cond5s] & gives v5t to any objectionable fumes4 ,! sep>ator is connect$ by means ( a pipe ) ! alcohol /orage tank4 ,! pipe ,o is = empty+ ! upp] *amb]s :5 necess>y4 ,! valves ,n1 communicat+ by means ( a small pipe ) a cond5s] ,m1 are = te/+ ! vapors 9 ! l[] *amb]s = alcohol4 ,sub/ances ,us$ = ,d5atur+ ,alcohol4--,! process ( r5d]+ alcohol unsuitable = dr9k+ is call$ 8d5atur+10 & consi/s1 ess5tially1 9 add+ to ! alcohol a sub/ance soluble !re9 ( a bad ta/e or odor1 or bo?1 ( an int5sity :i* w\ld r5d] x impossible or impracticable to use ! mixture z a dr9k4 ,among ! d5atur+ sub/ances :i* h be5 propos$ are ! foll[+3 ,gum %ellac 7) or )\t ! addition ( camphor1 turp5t9e1 wood _s1 etc471 colophonium1 copal ros91 ,manila gum1 camphor1 turp5t9e1 acetic acid1 acetic e!r1 e?ylic e!r1 me?yl alcohol 7wood alcohol71 pyrid9e1 acetone1 me?yl acetate1 me?yl violet1 me?yl5e blue1 anil9e blue1 eos91 fluoresce91 naph?al5e1 ca/or oil1 b5z9e1 c>bolic acid1 cau/ic soda1 musk1 animal oils1 etc4 ,me?yl 7wood7 alcohol & b5z9e are ! d5atur+ ag5ts au?oriz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 ,to #ajj p>ts1 by volume1 ( e?yl alcohol 7n less ?an #ij p] c5t /r5g?7 add #aj p>ts ( approv$ me?yl 7wood7 alcohol & #a_/b ( #a "p ( approv$ b5z9e4 ,su* alcohol is class$ z completely d5atur$4 ,=mulas = special d5aturation may be submitt$ = approval by manufactur]s to ! ,commission] ( ,int]nal ,rev5ue1 :o w det]m9e :e!r !y may be us$ or n1 & only "o special d5aturant w be au?oriz$ = ! same class ( indu/ries unless x %all be %[n t !re is good reason = additional special d5aturants4 ,n less ?an #cjj w9e gallons c be )drawn f a bond$ w>eh\se at "o "t = d5atur+ purposes4 ,_s4--,pro( _s is a t]m us$ by ! rev5ue dep>tm5t 9 assess+ ! tax on alcoholic liquors4 ,x means a liquid 9 :i* !re is #ej p] c5t 7by volume7 ( absolute alcohol4 ,z x is ! actual alcohol 9 ! :isky1 br&y1 dilute alcohol1 etc41 :i* is tax$1 & z ?is v>ies s widely1 x is necess>y t ! actual w9e gallons be conv]t$ into pro( gallons be=e ! tax rate c be fix$4 ,a sample t is half alcohol & half wat] 7let u say = conv5i5ce7 is 8#ajj pro(40 ,a sample t is #c_/d alcohol & #a_/d wat] is #aej pro(1 & ! tax on e gallon ( x is #a #a_/b times ! regul> gov]nm5t rate p] pro( gallon4 ,absolute alcohol is #bjj pro( & has to pay a d\ble tax4 ,! legal def9ition ( pro( _s is1 8t alcoholic liquor :i* conta9s "o-half its volume ( alcohol ( a specific gravity ( #j4gici at #fj ,f40 ,,sponges3 ,blea*+ ,sponges4--,i4--,soak 9 dilute hydro*loric acid to remove ! lime1 !n wa% 9 wat]1 & place = #aj m9utes 9 a #b p] c5t solution ( potassium p]manganate4 ,! br[n color on removal f ?is solution is due to ! deposition ( mangan\s oxide1 & ?is may be remov$ by /eep+ = a few m9utes 9 v dilute sulphuric acid4 ,z soon z ! sponges appe> :ite1 !y are wa%$ out 9 wat] to remove ! acid4 ,,ii4--,a sponge t has be5 us$ 9 #fgi surgical op]ations or = o!r purposes1 %\ld fir/ be wa%$ 9 w>m wat]1 to e qu>t ( :i* #bj drops ( liquor ( soda h be5 add$2 aft]w>ds wa%$ 9 pure wat]1 wrung or press$ out & put into a j> ( brom9e wat]1 :]e x is left until blea*$4 ,blea*+ is accel]at$ by expos+ ! vessel conta9+ ! brom9e wat] to ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,:5 ! sponge is blea*$ x is remov$ f ! brom9e wat]1 & put = a few m9utes 9 ! wat] conta9+ soda lye4 ,f9ally x is r9s$ 9 runn+ wat] until ! odor ( brom9e disappe>s4 ,x %\ld be dri$ z rapidly z possible by hang+ x 9 ! direct sunlight4 ,/]ilization ( ,sponges4--,i4--,all[ ! sponges to lie = #bd h\rs 9 an #h p] c5t hydro*loric acid solution1 to elim9ate lime & co>se impurities2 wa% 9 clean wat]1 & place ! sponges 9 a solution ( cau/ic pota%1 #aj p>ts2 tann91 #aj p>ts2 & wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts4 ,aft] !y h be5 saturat$ = #e to #bj m9utes ) ?is liquid1 !y are wa%$ out 9 /]iliz$ wat] or a solution ( c>bolic acid or corrosive sublimate1 until !y h entirely lo/ ! br[n color+ acquir$ by ! treatm5t ) tann94 ,! sponges ?us /]iliz$ are kept 9 a #b p] c5t or #ae p] c5t c>bolic solution4 ,sponge ,w9d[ ,display4--,soak a l>ge piece ( co>se sponge 9 wat]1 squeeze half dry1 !n spr9kle 9 ! op5+s r$ clov] se$1 millet1 b>ley1 lawn grass1 oats1 rice1 etc4 ,hang ?is 9 ! w9d[1 :]e ! sun %9es a portion ( ! day1 & spr9kle lightly ) wat] daily4 ,x w soon =m a mass ( liv+ gre5 vegetation v refre%+ to ! eyes4 ,:ile ! w9d[s are kept w>m ?is may be done at any season4 ,! se$s us$ may be v>i$1 accord+ to fancy4 ,,sponges ,,z ,,filt]s3 ,see ,filt]s4 ,,sponge ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 "u ,miscellane\s ,me?ods4 ,,sponge-,,trick1 ,,burn+3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,spot ,,eradicators3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods & ,soaps4 ,,spot ,,gild+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,spray ,,solution3 ,see ,balsams4 ,,spe>m9t ,,cordial3 ,see ,w9es & ,liquors4 ,,spra9 ,,wa%es3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,spr+ ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,spr+ ,,h>d5+3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,spr+s ,,( ,,wat*es3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,spruce ,,be]3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,/a9 ,,remov]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,/a9s3 ,see ,pa9ts1 ,v>ni%es & ,wood ,/a9s4 ,,/a9s ,,= ,,lacqu]s3 ,see ,lacqu]s4 ,/amp+ 7,see also ,dyes47 ,/amp+ ,colors = ,use ) ,rubb] ,/amps4--,blue3 #j4c p>ts ( wat]-blue #a ,b1 #a4e p>ts ( dextr91 #a4e p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,dissolve ! anil9e dye & ! dextr9 9 ! di/ill$ wat]1 ov] a wat] ba?1 & add #g p>ts ( ref9$ glyc]9e1 #bh ,b4 ,o!r colors may be made accord+ to ! same =mula1 sub/itut+ ! foll[+ quantities ( dyes = ! wat]-blue3 ,me?yl violet #c ,b1 #j4jb p>ts2 diamond fu*s9e ,i1 #j4jb p>ts2 anil9e gre5 ,d1 #j4jd p>ts2 vesuv9e ,b1 #j4je p>ts2 ph5ol black1 #j4jc p>ts4 ,oleag9\s colors are mo/ly us$ = metallic /amps1 b glyc]9e colors c be us$ 9 case ( necessity4 ,oleag9\s ,/amp+ ,colors4--,mix #j4h p>ts ( indigo1 gr\nd f9e ) #b4e p>ts ( l9se$-oil v>ni%1 & #j4e p>ts ( ole94 ,add #b p>ts ( ca/or oil & #e p>ts ( l9se$ oil4 ,= o!r colors accord+ to ! same =mula1 use ! foll[+ quantities3 ,c9nab>1 #b #a_/b p>ts2 v]digris1 #b #a_/b p>ts2 lampblack1 #a4b p>ts2 oil-soluble anil9e blue ,a1 #j4ce p>ts2 oil-soluble anil9e sc>let ,b1 #j4c p>ts2 anil9e yell[ 7oil-soluble71 #j4de p>ts2 oil-soluble anil9e black ,l1 #j4f p>ts4 ,/amp+ ,liquids & ,p[d]s4--,dissolve #a dra*m ea* ( ros9 & copal #fhj 9 #d fluid\nces ( b5z9e & ) a little ( ?is liquid triturate #a_/b dra*m ( ,prussian blue & f9ally mix ?or\ghly ) ! rema9d]4 ,ultram>9e1 to :i* has be5 add$ a small proportion ( p[d]$ ros91 is g5]ally us$ = /amp+ embroid]y patt]ns on :ite goods4 ,! p[d] is du/$ ?r\gh ! p]=at$ patt]n1 :i* is !n cov]$ ) a pap] & a hot iron pass$ ov] x to melt ! ros9 & cause ! p[d] to adh]e to ! clo?4 ,! foll[+ are said to be excell5t p[d]s3 ,i4--,:ite4--,"o "p ea* ( ros91 copal1 dam>1 ma/ic1 s&>ac1 borax1 & bronze p[d]1 & #b p>ts :ite lead4 ,,ii4--,black4--,equal p>ts ( ros91 dam>1 copal1 s&>ac1 ,prussian blue1 ivory black1 & bronze p[d]4 ,,iii4--,blue4--,equal p>ts ( ros91 dam>1 copal1 s&>ac1 ,prussian blue1 ultram>9e1 & bronze p[d]4 ,9 all ^! p[d]s ! gums are fir/ to be ?or\ghly triturat$ & mix$ by pass+ ?r\gh a sieve1 & ! o!r +r$i5ts c>efully add$4 ,o!r colors may be made by us+ *rome yell[1 burnt or raw si5na1 raw or burnt umb]1 ,v&yke br[n1 etc4 ,= /amp+ fabrics liable to be injur$ by heat1 ! /amp+ is done by moi/5+ a suitable p[d] ) alcohol & us+ x l a /5cil ink4 ,/amp+ ,p[d] = ,embroid]ies4--8,/amp+ p[d]s0 us$ = outl9+ embroid]y patt]ns are made by mix+ a little f9ely p[d]$ ros9 ) a suitable pigm5t4 ,aft] du/+ ! p[d] ?r\gh ! p]=at$ patt]n x is fix$ on ! fabric by lay+ ov] x a piece ( pap] & !n pass+ a hot iron c>efully ov] ! pap]4 ,by ?is means ! ros9 is melt$ & ! mixture adh]es4 ,:5 :ite goods are to be 8/amp$10 ultram>9e is commonly us$ z ! pigm5t2 = d>k goods1 z9c :ite may be sub/itut$4 ,especial c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid lead comp\nds & o!r poison\s pigm5ts1 z !y may d mis*ief by du/+ (f4 ,on velvets or o!r mat]ials likely to be injur$ by heat1 /amp+ is said to be done by moi/5+ a suitable p[d] ) alcohol & us+ x z /5cil pa9t4 ,a small addition ( ros9\s matt] w\ld seem requir$ "h also4 ,/>* ,black ,/>*4--,add to ! />* a c]ta9 am\nt ( logwood extract be=e ! />* mixture is boil$4 ,! quantity v>ies accord+ to ! dep? ( ! black & ! am\nt ( />*4 ,a small quantity ( potassium bi*romate dissolv$ 9 hot wat] is us$ to br+ out ! prop] %ade ( black4 ,9 place ( bi*romate1 black iron liquor may be us$4 ,?is comes ready prep>$4 ,/>* ,gloss4--,i4--,melt #b #a_/b p\nds ( ! be/ p>aff9e wax ov] a sl[ fire4 ,:5 liquefi$ remove f ! fire to /ir 9 #ajj drops ( oil ( citronella4 ,place sev]al new pie t9s on a level table1 coat !m slightly ) sweet oil1 & p\r ab\t #f tablespoonfuls ( ! melt$ p>aff9e wax into ea* t94 ,! pan may be float$ 9 wat] suffici5tly to p]mit ! mixture to be cut or /amp$ out ) a t9 cutt] into small cakes ab\t ! size ( a pepp]m9t loz5ge4 ,two ( ^! cakes add$ to ea* p9t ( />* w cause ! smoo?+ iron to imp>t ! f9e/ possible f9i% to musl9 or l951 besides p]fum+ ! clo!s4 ,,ii4--,gum arabic1 p[d]$ #c p>ts ,sp]maceti wax #f p>ts ,borax1 p[d]$ #d p>ts ,:ite corn/>* #h p>ts ,all ^! are to be intimately mix$ 9 ! p[d] =m by sift+ ?r\gh a sieve sev]al times4 ,z ! wax is 9 a solid =m & does n readily become r$uc$ to p[d] by p\nd+ 9 a mort>1 ! be/ me?od ( r$uc+ x to su* a condition is to put ! wax into a bottle ) "s sulphuric or rectifi$ e!r & !n all[ ! fluid to evaporate4 ,aft] x has dissolv$ ! wax1 z ! evaporation proce$s1 ! wax w be deposit$ aga9 9 ! solid =m1 b 9 f9e ?9 flakes1 :i* w easily break d[n to a p[d] =m :5 rubb$ up ) ! o!r +r$i5ts 9 a cold mort>4 ,pack 9 pap] or 9 c>dbo>d boxes4 ,to use1 #d teaspoonfuls p] p\nd ( dry />* are to be add$ to all dry />*1 & !n ! />* made 9 ! usual way z boil$ />*4 ,ref9+ ( ,potato ,/>*4--,a suitable quantity ( *loride ( lime1 fluctuat+ accord+ to its quality betwe5 #a_/b to #a "p p] #ajj p>ts ( />*1 is made ) little wat] into a ?ick pa/e4 ,to ?is pa/e add gradually ) con/ant /irr+ #aj to #ae times ! quantity ( wat]1 & filt]4 ,! filtrate is n[ add$ to ! />* /irr$ up ) wat]2 #a_/b "p ( ord9>y #fha hydro*loric acid ( #bj ,b4 previ\sly dilut$ ) f\r times ! quantity ( wat] is mix$ 91 = e "p ( *loride ( lime1 ! :ole is /irr$ ?or\ghly1 & ! />* all[$ to /&4 ,:5 ! />* has settl$1 ! sup]natant wat] is let (f & ! />* is wa%$ ) fre% wat] until all odor ( *lor9e has entirely disappe>$4 ,! />* n[ obta9$ is ! result+ f9al product4 ,if ! />* ?us treat$ is to be work$ up into dextr91 x is treat$ 9 ! usual mann] ) hydro*loric acid or nitric acid & w !n furni% a dextr9 p]fectly free f ta/e & smell4 ,9 case ! />* is to be turn$ into 8soluble0 />* proce$ z usual1 9 a simil> mann] z 9 ! production ( dextr91 ) ! s+le diff]5ce t ! />* treat$ ) hydro*loric or nitric acid rema9s expos$ to a temp]ature ( #bab ,f41 only until a te/ ) t9cture ( iod9e gives a blui%-violet reaction4 ,! soluble />* ?us produc$1 :i* is cle>ly soluble 9 boil+ wat]1 is odorless & ta/eless4 ,/>* ,p[d]4--,f9ely p[d]$ />* is a v desirable absorb5t1 accord+ to ,snively1 :o says t = toilet prep>ations x is usually sc5t$ by a little otto or sa*et p[d]4 ,frangipan9 p[d]1 us$ 9 ! proportion ( #a "p to #cj ( ! />*1 he adds1 gives a satisfactory odor4 ,,/>*es3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,/>* ,,9 ,,jelly1 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,/>* ,,pa/e3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,/atue ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,/atuettes1 ,,clean+ ,,(3 ,see ,pla/]4 ,,/atuettes ,,( ,,lip[itz ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,/eel 7,see also ,iron & ,metals47 ,,anneal+ ,,/eel3 ,see also ,h>d5+ ,/eel & ,temp]+ ,/eel4 ,?is "w requires ! use ( sub/ances :i* yield _! c>bon readily & quickly to ! tools on contact at a high temp]ature4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t ! be/ results are obta9$ by ! use ( yell[ blood-lye salt 7yell[ prussiate ( pota%71 :i*1 :5 br\ght 9 contact ) ! tool at a *]ry-r$ heat1 becomes fluid1 & 9 ?is condition has a /rong cem5t+ effect4 ,! anneal+ process is z foll[s3 ,! tool is heat$ to a *]ry r$ & ! blood-lye salt spr9kl$ ov] ! surface :i* is to be anneal$4 ,a f9e sieve %\ld be us$1 to secure an ev5 di/ribution ( ! sub/ance4 ,! tool is !n put back into ! fire1 heat$ to ! prop] temp]ature = temp]+1 & temp]$4 ,if x is desir$ to give a high] or m ?or\gh temp]+ to iron or s(t /eel1 ! anneal+ process is repeat$ #b or #c times4 ,! surface ( ! tool mu/1 ( c\rse1 be entirely free f scale4 ,small tools to :i* x is desir$ to imp>t a consid]able degree ( h>dness by anneal+ ) blood-lye salt are temp]$ z foll[s3 ,blood-lye salt is melt$ 9 an iron vessel ov] a mod]ate fire1 & ! tool1 heat$ to a br[n-r$ heat1 plac$ 9 ! melt$ salt1 :]e x is all[$ to rema9 = ab\t #ae m9utes4 ,x is !n heat$ to ! h>d5+ temp]ature & h>d5$4 ,a simil> b mild] effect is produc$ 9 small1 ?9 tools by mak+ !m repeat$ly r$ hot1 imm]s+ !m sl[ly 9 oil or grease1 reheat+ !m1 & f9ally temp]+ !m 9 wat]4 ,to increase ! effect1 soot or p[d]$ *>coal is add$ to ! oil or grease 7tra9 oil7 till a ?ick pa/e is =m$1 into :i* ! r$-hot tool is plung$4 ,by ?is means ! tool is cov]$ ) a ?ick1 n v combu/ible1 coat+1 :i* produces a p[]ful cem5tation at ! next heat+4 ,by mix+ fl\r1 yell[ blood-lye salt1 saltpet]1 horn %av+s1 or gr\nd ho(s1 grease1 & wax1 a pa/e is =m$ :i* s]ves ! same purpose4 ,a *oice may be made ( any ( ! prep>ations sold z a 8h>d5+ pa/e02 !y are all m or less ( ! same composition4 ,?is is a sample3 ,melt #ejj gra9s ( wax1 #ejj gra9s tall[1 #ajj gra9s ros91 add a mixture ( lea!r-coal1 horn %av+s1 & gr\nd ho(s 9 equal p>ts till a pa/e is =m$1 !n add #aj gra9s saltpet] & #ej to #ajj gra9s p[d]$ yell[ blood-lye salt1 & /ir well4 ,! tools are put into ?is pa/e :ile r$ hot1 all[$ to cool 9 x1 !n reheat$ & temp]$4 ,m /eel is injur$1 & sometimes spoil$1 by ov]-anneal+ ?an 9 any o!r way4 ,/eel heat$ too hot 9 anneal+ w %r9k badly :5 be+ h>d5$2 besides1 x takes ! life out ( x4 ,x %\ld nev] be heat$ above a #fhb l[ *]ry r$1 & x %\ld be a l[] heat ?an x is :5 be+ h>d5$4 ,x %\ld be heat$ sl[ly & giv5 a uni=m heat all ov] & ?r\gh ! piece4 ,?is is difficult to d 9 long b>s & 9 an ord9>y furnace4 ,! be/ way to heat a piece ( /eel1 ei!r = anneal+ or h>d5+1 is 9 r$-hot1 pure lead4 ,by ?is me?od x is done uni=mly1 & "o c see ! color all ! "t4 ,"s heat+ = anneal+ is done 9 ?is way3 ,simply cov] up ! piece 9 sawdu/1 & let x cool !re1 & good results w be obta9$4 ,good screw ?reads _c be cut 9 /eel t is too s(t4 ,s(t anneal+ produces a mu* great] %r9kage & spoils ! lead ( ! ?read4 ,?is mixture protects ! appe>ance ( poli%$ or matt$ /eel objects on heat+ to r$ness3 ,mix #a "p ( :ite soap1 #f p>ts ( *emically pure boracic acid1 & #d p>ts ( phosphate ( soda1 aft] pulv]iz+1 & make ) wat] into a pa/e4 ,= use1 apply ?is to ! article be=e ! anneal+4 ,,color+ ,,/eel3 ,black4--,i4--,oil or wax may be employ$ on h>d /eel tools2 ) bo? me?ods ! tool loses m or less ( its h>dness & ! black+ process !re=e is suit$ only = tools :i* are us$ = work+ wood or at lea/ ne$ n be v h>d1 at any rate n = tools :i* are employ$ = work+ /eel or ca/ iron4 ,! h&some/ glossy black color is obta9$ by fir/ poli%+ ! tool neatly aga9 aft] x z be5 h>d5$ 9 wat]1 next caus+ x to assume on a grate or a hot plate ! necess>y temp]+ color1 yell[1 violet blue1 etc41 !n dipp+ x 9 molt51 n too hot1 yell[ wax & burn+ (f ! adh]+ wax1 aft] )drawal1 at a fire1 )\t1 h[ev]1 fur!r heat+ ! tool4 ,f9ally dip ! tool aga9 into ! wax & repeat ! burn+ (f at ! flame until ! %ade is a nice lu/r\s black1 :]eupon ! tool may be cool$ (f 9 wat]4 ,! wax is suppos$ to imp>t great] t\ghness to ! tool4 ,x is advisable = all tools to h a tr\gh ( fat ready1 :i* has be5 heat$ to ! necess>y temp]+ degree1 & ! tools aft] h>d5+ 9 wat] are susp5d$ 9 ! fat until !y h acquir$ ! temp]ature ( ! fat ba?4 ,:5 ! p>ts are tak5 out & sl[ly all[$ to cool1 !y w be a nice1 b n lu/r\s1 black4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ has be5 sugge/$ = ei!r /eel or iron3 ,bismu? *loride #a "p ,m]cury bi*loride #b p>ts ,copp] *loride #a "p ,hydro*loric acid #f p>ts ,alcohol #e p>ts ,wat] suffici5t to make #fd p>ts4 ,mix4 ,z 9 all su* processes a great deal dep5ds ^u hav+ ! article to be treat$ absolutely clean & free f grease4 ,unless ?is is ! case uni=m results are impossible4 ,! liquid may be appli$ ) a swab1 or a bru%1 b if ! object is small en\gh to dip into ! liquid bett] results may ?us be obta9$ ?an 9 any o!r way4 ,! cov]+ ?us put on is said to be v la/+1 & a sure protection aga9/ oxidation4 ,blue4--,i4--,heat an iron b> to r$ness & lay x on a receptacle fill$ ) wat]4 ,on ?is b> place ! objects to be blu$1 ) ! poli%$ side up4 ,z soon z ! article has acquir$ ! desir$ color cause x to fall quickly into ! wat]4 ,! pieces to be blu$ mu/ always previ\sly be poli%$ ) pumice /one or f9e em]y4 ,,ii4--,= screws3 ,take an old wat* b>rel & drill z _m holes into ! head ( x z ! numb] ( screws to be blu$4 ,fill x ab\t "o-f\r? full ( brass or iron fil+s1 put 9 ! head1 & !n fit a wire long en\gh to b5d ov] = a h&le1 into ! arbor holes--head ( ! b>rel upw>d4 ,bright5 ! heads ( ! screws1 set !m1 po9t d[nw>d1 into ! holes already drill$1 & expose ! bottom ( ! b>rel to ! lamp1 until ! screws assume ! color y wi%4 ,,iii4--,to blue gun-b>rels1 etc41 dissolve #b p>ts ( cry/alliz$ *loride ( iron2 #b p>ts solid *loride ( antimony2 #a "p gallic acid 9 #d or #e p>ts ( wat]2 apply ) a small sponge1 & let dry 9 ! air4 ,repeat ?is two or ?ree times1 !n wa% ) wat]1 & dry4 ,rub ) boil$ l9se$ oil to deep5 ! %ade4 ,repeat ?is until satisfi$ ) ! result4 ,,iv4--,! blu+ ( gun b>rels is effect$ by heat+ ev5ly 9 a muffle until ! desir$ blue color is rais$1 ! b>rel be+ fir/ made clean & bright ) em]y clo?1 leav+ no m>ks ( grease or dirt ^u ! metal :5 ! blu+ takes place1 & !n all[ to cool 9 ! air4 ,x requires consid]able exp]i5ce to obta9 an ev5 cle> blue4 ,br[n4--,i4--,! foll[+ recipe = br[n+ is f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ordnance ,manual3 ,spirits ( w9e1 #a #a_/b #fhc ounces2 t9cture ( iron1 #a #a_/b ounces2 corrosive sublimate1 #a #a_/b ounces2 sweet spirits ( nit]1 #a #a_/b ounces2 blue vitriol1 #a ounce2 nitric acid1 #c_/d ounce4 ,mix & dissolve 9 #a qu>t ( w>m wat] & keep 9 a glass j>4 ,clean ! b>rel well ) cau/ic soda wat] to remove grease or oil4 ,!n clean ! surface ( all /a9s & m>ks ) em]y pap] or clo?1 s z to produce an ev51 bright surface = ! acid to act ^u1 & "o )\t f+] m>ks4 ,/op ! bore & v5t ) wood5 plugs4 ,!n apply ! mixture to e "p ) a sponge or rag1 & expose to ! air = #bd h\rs1 :5 ! loose ru/ %\ld be rubb$ (f ) a /eel scrat* bru%4 ,use ! mixture & ! scrat* bru% twice1 & m if necess>y1 & f9ally wa% 9 boil+ wat]1 dry quickly1 & wipe ) l9se$ oil or v>ni% ) %ellac4 ,,ii4--,apply f\r coats ( ! foll[+ solution1 all[+ ea* sev]al h\rs to dry4 ,bru% aft] ea* coat if necess>y4 ,aft] ! la/ coat is dry1 rub d[n h>d4 ,sulphate ( copp] #a ounce ,sweet spirits ( nit] #a ounce ,di/ill$ wat] #a p9t ,niello4--,?is is a brightly poli%$ metal1 :i* is provid$ ) a black or blue-black f\ndation by heat+1 is cov]$ ) a design by ! use ( a suitable matrix & !n treat$ ) hydro*loric acid 9 su* a mann] t only ! black gr\nd is attack$1 ! metal und]nea? rema9+ unt\*$4 ,next1 ! acid is r9s$ (f & ! res]ve is remov$ ) suitable solv5ts4 ,! p>ts ( ! metal b>$ by ! acid may also be provid$ ) a galvanic coat+ ( silv] or o!r metal4 ,ano!r me?od is to plunge ! articles = a few m9utes into a solution ( oxalic acid & to clean !m by pass+ !m ?r\gh alcohol4 ,9 ?is way ! poli% c ev5 be br\ght back )\t ! use ( r\ge or diamant9e4 ,:it5+ or ,blan*+4--,if dissatisfi$ ) ! color acquir$ 9 temp]+1 dip ! article into an acid ba?1 :i* :it5s x1 aft] :i* ! blu+ op]ation is repeat$4 ,?is me?od is ( great s]vice1 b x is important to rememb] always ?or\ghly to wa% aft] ! use ( acid & !n all[ ! object to rema9 = a few m9utes 9 alcohol4 ,sulphuric acid does n :it5 well1 (t5 leav+ d>k %ades on ! surface4 ,hydro*loric acid gives bett] results4 ,small pieces ( /eel are also :it5$ ) a piece ( pi? moi/5$ ) dilute sulphuric acid1 else ! f9e /eel "w1 su* z a wat* h&1 is fix$ ) lacqu] on a plate & :it5$ by means ( pi? & poli%+ r\ge1 or a small /iff bru% is *>g$ ) ! same mat]ial4 ,x is !n deta*$ by heat+ & clean$ 9 hot alcohol4 ,,temp]+ ,,/eel4 ,! be/ temp]ature at :i* to qu5* 9 ! temp]+ ( tool /eel is ! "o j above ! trans=mation po9t ( ! /eel1 & ?is temp]ature may be accurately det]m9$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 )\t ! use ( a pyromet]4 ,! pieces ( /eel are introduc$ successively at equal int]vals ( "t into a muffle heat$ to a temp]ature a little above ! trans=mation po9t ( ! /eel4 ,if1 aft] a c]ta9 "t1 ! pieces be tak5 out 9 ! rev]se ord] !y w at fir/ %[ progressively increas+ degrees ( brightness1 ^! pieces be+ at ! trans=mation po9t4 ,:5 ?is po9t is pass$ ! pieces aga9 rapidly acquire a brightness sup]ior to t ( _! neighbors1 & %\ld !n be imm$iately qu5*$4 ,i4--,heat r$ hot & dip 9 an ungu5t made ( m]cury & ! fat ( bacon4 ,?is produces a rem>kable degree ( h>dness & ! /eel pres]ves its t5acity & an ela/icity :i* _c be obta9$ by o!r means4 ,,ii4--,heat to ! r$ :ite & ?ru/ quickly into a /ick ( seal+ wax4 ,leave x a second1 & !n *ange x to ano!r place1 & s cont9ue until ! metal is too cool to p5etrate ! wax4 ,to pi]ce ) drills h>d5$ 9 ?is way1 moi/5 !m ) ess5ce ( turp5t9e4 ,to ,temp] ,small ,coil ,spr+s & ,tools4--,to temp] small coil spr+s 9 a furnace burn+ wood ! spr+s are expos$ to ! heat ( ! flame & are qu5*$ 9 a composition ( ! foll[+ prep>ation3 ,to a b>rel ( fi% oil1 #aj qu>ts ( ros9 & #ab qu>ts ( tall[ are add$4 ,if ! spr+s temp]$ 9 ?is mixture break1 m tall[ is add$1 b if ! break indicates brittl5ess ( ! /eel r ?an excessive h>dness1 a ball ( yell[ beeswax ab\t #f in*es 9 diamet] is add$4 ,! spr+s are drawn to a r$di% purple by be+ plac$ on a frame hav+ horizontally radiat+ arms l a /> :i* is m\nt$ on ! end ( a v]tical rod4 ,! spr+s are laid on ! /> & are l[]$ into a pot ( melt$ lead1 be+ held !re = su* "t z is requir$ to draw to ! desir$ color4 ,x is well kn[n t ! addition ( #fhd c]ta9 soluble sub/ances p[]fully affects ! action ( temp]+ wat]4 ,?is action is /r5g!n$ if ! heat-conduct+ p[] ( ! wat] is rais$ by means ( ^! sub/ances2 x is ret>d$ if ?is p[] is r$uc$1 or ! boil+ po9t sub/antially l[]$4 ,! sub/ance mo/ frequ5tly us$ = ! purpose ( increas+ ! heat-conduct+ p[] ( temp]+ wat] is common salt4 ,?is is dissolv$ 9 v>y+ proportions ( weight1 a saturat$ solution be+ g5]ally us$ z a qu5*+ mixture4 ,! use ( ?is solution is always advisable :5 tools ( complicat$ %ape1 = :i* a consid]able degree ( h>dness is necess>y1 are to be temp]$ 9 l>ge quantities or 9 frequ5t succession4 ,9 us+ ^! cool+ fluids1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t a suffici5t quantity is add$ to ! wat] to prev5t any great rise ( temp]ature :5 ! temp]+ process is protract$4 ,= ?is reason ! l>ge/ possible vessels %\ld be us$1 wide & %all[1 r ?an n>r[ & deep1 vessels be+ select$4 ,c>bonate ( soda & sal ammoniac d n increase ! temp]+ action to ! same ext5t z common salt1 & are !re=e n s frequ5tly employ$1 ?\gh !y =m excell5t additions to temp]+ wat] 9 c]ta9 cases4 ,tools ( v complicat$ con/ruction1 su* z fraises1 :]e ! dang] ( fracture ( sup]ficial p>ts has always to be kept 9 view1 c ) advantage be temp]$ 9 a solution ( soda or sal ammoniac4 ,acids increase ! action ( temp]+ wat] consid]ably1 & to a f> great] ext5t ?an common salt4 ,!y are add$ 9 quantities up to #b p] c5t1 & frequ5tly 9 comb9ation ) salts4 ,organic acids 7e4 g41 acetic or citric7 h a mild] action ?an m9]al acids 7e4 g41 hydro*loric1 nitric1 or sulphuric74 ,acidul\s wat] is employ$ 9 temp]+ tools = :i* ! utmo/ degree ( h>dness is necess>y1 su* z in/rum5ts = cutt+ exceptionally h>d objects1 or :5 a suffici5tly h>d surface has to be giv5 to a k9d ( /eel n capable ( mu* h>d5+4 ,alcohol l[]s ! boil+ po9t ( wat]1 & causes s vigor\s an evaporation :5 ! wat] comes 9 contact ) ! r$-hot metal1 t ! temp]+ is greatly ret>d$ 79 proportion to ! am\nt ( alcohol 9 ! mixture74 ,wat] conta9+ a l>ge quantity ( alcohol w n temp]4 ,soap & soap suds w n temp] /eel2 ?is prop]ty is made use ( 9 ! rapid cool+ ( /eel = :i* a great degree ( h>dness is n desirable4 ,:5 c]ta9 p>ts ( completely temp]$ /eel h to be r5d]$ s(t1 ^! p>ts are heat$ to a r$ heat & !n cool$ 9 soap suds4 ,?is is done ) ! tangs ( files1 knives1 swords1 saws1 etc4 ,soluble organic sub/ances ret>d ! temp]+ process 9 proportion to ! quantity us$1 & ?us less5 ! effect ( pure wat]4 ,su* sub/ances 7e4 g41 milk1 s\r be]1 etc47 are employ$ only to a limit$ ext5t4 ,to ,caseh>d5 ,locally4--,9 caseh>d5+ c]ta9 articles x is sometimes necess>y1 or desirable1 to leave spots or sections 9 ! orig9al s(t unc>boniz$ condition :ile ! rema9d] is c>boniz$ & h>d5$4 ,?is may be effect$ by fir/ cov]+ ! p>ts to be h>d5$ ) a protect+ coat ( japan1 & all[+ x to dry4 ,!n put ! piece 9 an electroplat+ ba? & deposit a heavy coat ( nickel ov] ! p>ts n protect$ by ! japan4 ,! piece ?us prep>$ may be treat$ 9 ! usual mann] 9 caseh>d5+4 ,! coat ( nickel prev5ts ! metal b5ea? be+ c>boniz$1 s x does n h>d5 :5 dipp$ 9 ! ba?4 ,a plat+ ( copp] answ]s ! same purpose z nickel & is (t5 us$4 ,a simpl] plan1 :]e ! %ape ( ! piece p]mits1 is to protect x f ! action ( ! c>boniz+ mat]ial ) an iron pipe or plate closely fitt$ or lut$ ) clay4 ,ano!r s*eme is to ma*9e ! p>ts want$ s(t aft] c>boniz+ b be=e h>d5+4 ,by ?is proc$ure ! c>boniz$ mat]ial is remov$ :]e ! metal is desir$ s(t1 & :5 heat$ & dipp$ ^! p>ts d n h>d54 ,to ,h>d5 a ,hamm]4--,to avoid ! dang] ( 8*eck+0 a hamm] at ! eye1 heat ! hamm] to a good uni=m h>d5+ heat & !n dip ! small end almo/ up to ! eye & cool z quickly z possible by mov+ ab\t 9 ! h>d5+ ba?2 !n dip ! l>ge end4 ,to h>d5 a hamm] successfully by ?is me?od "o mu/ "w quickly & cool ! end dipp$ fir/ en\gh to h>d5 be=e ! heat is lo/ on ! o!r end4 ,draw ! temp] f ! heat left ab\t ! eye4 ,! result is a hamm] h>d only :]e x %\ld be & free f 8*ecks40 ,h>d5+ ,/eel ,wire4--,pass ! /eel wire ?r\gh a lead ba? heat$ to a temp]ature ( #a1bjj to #a1ejj ,f4 aft] x has previ\sly be5 coat$ ) a pa/e ( *alk1 s z to prev5t ! =mation #fhe ( oxides4 ,! wire is ?us heat$ 9 a uni=m mann] &1 accord+ to :e!r x is desir$ h>d or ela/ic1 x is cool$ 9 wat] or 9 oil4 ,h>d5+ ( ,spr+s4--,a v>iety ( /eel mu/ be *os5 :i* is suitable = ! production ( spr+s1 a v t\gh quality ) ab\t #j4h p] c5t ( c>bon be+ probably ! be/4 ,any /eel works ( good reputation w\ld no d\bt recomm5d a c]ta9 k9d ( /eel4 ,9 %ap+ a spr+1 =g+ & hamm]+ %\ld be avoid$ if possible4 ,9 =g+1 an unev5 treatm5t c sc>cely be avoid$2 "o portion is work$ m ?an ! o!r1 caus+ t5sions :i*1 especially 9 spr+s1 mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,x is mo/ advantage\s if a mat]ial ( ! ?ickness & %ape ( ! spr+ c be obta9$1 :i*1 by b5d+ & press+ ?r\gh1 is %ap$ into ! desir$ spr+4 ,s9ce ?is also entails slight t5sion1 a c>eful anneal+ is advisable1 s z to prev5t crack+ or di/ort+ 9 h>d5+4 ,! anneal+ is be/ conduct$ ) exclusion ( ! air1 by plac+ ! spr+s 9 a %eet-iron box provid$ ) a cov]1 sme>+ all ! jo9ts well up ) loam4 ,! heat+ may be done 9 a muffl$ furnace2 ! box1 ) cont5ts1 is1 n too sl[ly1 heat$ to *]ry r$ & !n all[$ to cool gradually1 toge!r ) ! /ove4 ,! spr+s mu/ only be tak5 out :5 !y h cool$ (f en\gh t !y w give (f no hiss+ s\nd :5 t\*$ by wat]4 ,9 ord] to uni=mly heat ! spr+s = h>d5+1 a muffle furnace is likewise employ$1 :]e9 !y are heat$ to *]ry-r$ heat4 ,= cool+ liquid1 a mixture ( oil1 tall[1 & petroleum is employ$4 ,a mass consi/+ ( fi% oil1 tall[1 & wax also r5d]s good s]vice1 b "o %\ld see to x t !re is a suffici5t quantity ( ^! cool+ liquids1 s t ! spr+s may be mov$ ab\t1 same z :5 cool$ 9 wat]1 )\t caus+ an appreciable increase 9 ! temp]ature ( ! liquid4 ,9 mo/ cases too small a quantity ( ! liquid is responsible = ! _m failures 9 h>d5+4 ,:5 ! spr+s h cool$ 9 ! h>d5+ liquid1 !y are tak5 out1 dri$ (f sup]ficially1 & ! oil /ill adh]+ is burn$ (f ov] a *>coal fire4 ,?is enables "o to mod]ate ! temp] accord+ to ! duration ( ! burn+ (f & to produce ! desir$ ela/icity4 ,an ev5 heat+ be+ ( great importance 9 h>d5+ spr+s1 ! electric curr5t has ( late be5 successfully employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,to ,temp] a ,tap4--,aft] ! tap has be5 cut & f9i%$ heat x 9 a pair ( tongs to a blood-r$ heat ov] a *>coal fire or ! blue flame ( a ,buns5 burn] or bl[ pipe1 turn+ x ar\nd s t "o po9t does n get heat$ be=e ano!r4 ,h ready a pail ( clean1 cold wat]1 into :i* a h&ful ( common salt has be5 put4 ,/ir ! wat] 9 ! pail s t a :irlpool is set up4 ,!n plunge ! tap1 po9t fir/ & v]tically1 into ! vortex to cool4 ,! turn+ ( ! tap dur+ heat+1 z well z ! swirl ( ! qu5*+ wat]1 prev5ts di/ortion4 ,9 temp]+1 ! temp] ( ! tap requires to be drawn to a light /raw color1 & ?is may be done z foll[s3 ,get a piece ( ca/-iron tube ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet] & heat x to a dull-r$ heat = ab\t #d in*es ( its l5g?4 ,!n hold ! tap1 ) ! tongs1 up ! c5t] ( ! tube1 mean:ile turn+ ! tap ar\nd until ! /raw color appe>s all ov] x4 ,!n dip ! tap 9 ! wat]1 :5 x w be f\nd p]fectly h>d4 ,! dep? ( ! color1 :e!r light or d>k /raw1 mu/ be det]m9$ by ! nature ( ! ca/ /eel be+ us$1 :i* c be ga9$ only f exp]i5ce ( ! /eel4 ,scissors ,h>d5+4--,! unit$ legs ( ! scissors are uni=mly heat$ to a d>k *]ry r$1 ext5d+ f ! po9t to ! screw or rivet hole4 ,?is may be done 9 ! nak$ fire1 a feeble curr5t ( air be+ admitt$ until ! /eel comm5ces to gl[4 ,!n ! fire is left to itself & ! scissor p>ts are drawn to & fro 9 ! fire1 until all ! p>ts to be h>d5$ %[ a uni=m d>k *]ry r$4 ,! two legs are h>d5$ toge!r 9 wat] & !n temp]$ purple r$ to violet4 ,! simultane\s heat+1 h>d5+1 & temp]+ ( ! p>ts belong+ toge!r is necess>y1 s t ! degree ( heat is ! same & ! h>d] "p does n cut ! s(t] "o4 ,9 accordance ) well-kn[n rules1 ! imm]sion 9 ! h>d5+ ba? %\ld be done ) ! po9t fir/1 sl[ly & v]tically up to above ! rivet+ hole4 ,h>d5+ )\t ,scal+4--,articles made ( tool /eel & poli%$ may be h>d5$ )\t rais+ a scale1 !reby de/roy+ ! poli%1 by ! foll[+ me?od3 ,prep>e equal p>ts 9 bulk ( common salt & 7f9e7 corn meal1 well mix$4 ,dip ! article to be h>d5$ fir/ into wat]1 !n into ! mixture & place x c>efully into ! fire4 ,:5 hot en\gh to melt ! mixture1 take f #fhf ! fire & dip or roll 9 ! salt & meal1 replace 9 ! fire & br+ to ! requir$ heat = h>d5+4 ,wat* ! piece closely & if any "p ( x %[s signs ( gett+ dry1 spr9kle "s ( ! mixture on x4 ,! mixture1 :5 expos$ to heat1 =ms a flux ov] ! surface ( ! /eel :i* excludes ! air & prev5ts oxidation1 & :5 cool$ 9 wat] or oil comes (f easily1 leav+ ! surface z smoo? z be=e heat+4 ,borax w\ld possibly give ! same result1 b is sometimes difficult to remove :5 cold4 ,h>d5+ ) ,glyc]9e4--,i4--,! glyc]9e employ$ mu/ be ( ! d5sity ( #a4jh to #a4bf tak5 at ! temp]ature ( #cjb ,f4 ,its weight mu/ be equal to ab\t #f times ! weight ( ! pieces to be temp]$4 ,= h>d temp] add to ! glyc]9e #a_/d to #d p] c5t ( sulphate ( pota% or ( manganese1 & = s(t temp] #a to #aj p] c5t ( *loride ( manganese1 or #a to #d p] c5t ( *loride ( potassium4 ,! temp]ature ( ! temp]+ ba? is v>i$ accord+ to ! results desir$4 ,,ii4--,glyc]9e1 #h1jjj p>ts1 by weight2 cook+ salt1 #ejj p>ts1 by weight2 sal ammoniac1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight2 conc5trat$ hydro*loric acid1 #ej p>ts2 & wat]1 #aj1jjj p>ts1 by weight4 ,into ?is liquid ! /eel1 heat$1 = example1 to a *]ry r$1 is dipp$4 ,a reheat+ ( ! /eel is n necess>y4 ,to ,remove ,burnt ,oil f ,h>d5$ ,/eel4--,to remove excess oil f p>ts t h be5 h>d5$ 9 oil1 place ! articles 9 a small tank ( gasol9e1 :i*1 :5 expos$ to ! air1 w dry (f imm$iately1 all[+ ! "p to be poli%$ & temp]$ )\t ! confus+ & unsightly m>ks ( burnt oil4 ,,v>i\s ,,recipes3 ,to ,put an ,edge on ,/eel ,tools4--,alum9um w put an edge on f9e cutt+ in/rum5ts su* z surgical knives1 razors1 etc4 ,x acts exactly l a razor-hone ( ! f9e/ quality4 ,:5 /eel is rubb$ on ! alum9um1 z1 = in/ance1 9 hon+ a knife blade1 ! metal dis9tegrates1 =m+ an inf9itely m9ute p[d] ( a greasy unctu\s quality t cl+s to /eel ) great t5acity & ?us assi/s 9 cutt+ away ! surface ( ! h>d] metal4 ,s f9e is ! edge produc$ t x c 9 no wise be made f9] by ! /rop1 :i* us$ 9 ! ord9>y way m]ely t5ds to r\nd ! edge4 ,to ,re/ore ,burnt ,/eel4--,to re/ore burnt ca/ /eel heat ! piece to a r$ heat & spr9kle ov] x a mixture ( #h p>ts r$ *romate ( potassium2 #d p>ts saltpet]2 #a_/h "p aloes2 #a_/h "p gum arabic2 & #a_/d "p ros94 ,to ,remove ,/ra9s 9 ,metal by ,heat+4--,9 mak+ spr+s ( piano wire1 or1 9 fact1 any wire1 if ! metal is heat$ to a mod]ate degree ! spr+ w be improv$4 ,piano or any /eel wire %\ld be heat$ to a blue1 brass wire to a degree suffici5t to cause tall[ to smoke4 ,heat+ makes ! metal homog5e\s2 be=e heat+1 x is full ( /ra9s4 ,if a piece ( metal ( any k9d is /raight5$ cold & !n put into a la! & a *ip turn$ (f1 x w be f> f true4 ,be=e turn+1 x 0 held true by ! /ra9 ( ! p>ticles on ! outside1 !y hav+ *ang$ position1 :ile ! p>ticles ne> ! axis are only sprung4 ,! outside p>ticles be+ remov$ by ! la! tool1 ! sprung p>ticles at ! c5t] return to _! old positions4 ,if1 aft] /raight5+1 ! metal is heat$ to a temp]ature ( #djj ,f41 ! p>ticles settle toge!r & ! /ra9s are remov$4 ,?is is ! case 9 ! manufacture ( saws4 ,! saw is fir/ h>d5$ & temp]$ & !n /raight5$ on an anvil by means ( a hamm]4 ,aft] x is hamm]$ true1 x is gr\nd & poli%$ a little1 !n blu$ to /iff5 x & !n is subject$ to ! gr9d+ process4 ,be=e blu+1 ! metal is full ( /ra9s2 ^! are entirely remov$ by ! heat requir$ to produce ! blue color4 ,(t5 a piano-wire spr+ w n /& long we> if us$ )\t heat+1 :ile if heat$ x w la/ = ye>s4 ,to ,r5d] ,f9e ,cracks 9 ,tools ,visible4--,x is (t5 ( importance to recognize small cracks :i* appe> 9 ! metal ( ! tools4 ,= ?is purpose x is recomm5d$ to moi/5 ! fissur$ surface ) petroleum2 next rub & dry ) a rag & rub aga91 b ?is "t ) *alk4 ,! petroleum :i* has ent]$ ! cracks soon comes out aga9 & ! trace is pla9ly %[n by ! *alk4 ,to ,utilize ,drill ,*ips4--,!re is "o mod]n ma*9+ process t produces a %av+ t has m value ?an t ( m]e scrap1 & t is drill+ rifle b>rels ) ! oil-tube drill4 ,! cutt+ edge ( ?is drill is brok5 up into /eps & ! *ips produc$ are lit]ally %av+s1 be+ long hair-l ?reads ( /eel4 ,^! %av+s are consid]ably us$ 9 woodwork+ factories = smoo?+ purposes4 #fhg ,to ,remove ,fragm5ts ( ,/eel f ,o!r ,metals4--,! removal ( brok5 spiral drills & taps is an op]ation :i* ev5 ! mo/ skillful ma*9i/ has to p]=m at times4 ,a practical process = remov+ su* brok5 /eel pieces consi/s 9 prep>+ 9 a suitable kettle 7n iron7 a solution ( #a "p1 by weight1 ( comm]cial alum 9 #d to #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat] & boil+ ! object 9 ?is solution until ! piece :i* is /uck works itself out4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to place ! piece 9 su* a position t ! evolv+ gas bubbles may rise & n adh]e to ! /eel to protect x f ! action ( ! alum solution4 ,te/+ ,/eel4--,a b> ( ! /eel to be te/$ is provid$ ) ab\t n9e not*es runn+ ar\nd x 9 di/ances ( ab\t #e_/h ( an in*4 ,next1 ! =emo/ not*$ piece is heat$ 9 a =ge 9 su* a mann] t ! rema9+ portion ( ! b> is heat$ less by ! fire prop] ?an by ! transmitt$ heat4 ,:5 ! =emo/ piece is heat$ to burn+1 i4 e41 to combu/ion1 & ! color ( ! succe$+ pieces gradually passes to d>k-br[ni% r$ness1 ! :ole rod is h>d5$4 ,a te/ ) ! file w n[ %[ t ! =emo/ burn$ piece possesses ! greate/ h>dness1 t sev]al s(t] pieces w foll[1 & t aga9 a piece ord9>ily situat$ 9 ! second ?ird1 ^: temp]ature 0 ! "r "o = h>d5+1 is almo/ z h>d z ! fir/ "o4 ,if ! diff]5t pieces are knock$ (f1 ! fracture ( ! piece h>d5$ at ! correct temp]ature exhibits ! f9e/ gra94 ,?is w give "o an idea ( ! temp]ature to be employ$ = h>d5+ ! /eel 9 "q & its behavior 9 g5]al4 ,v h>d /eel w readily crack 9 ?is process4 ,weld+ ,comp\nd4--,boracic acid1 #da #a_/b p>ts2 common salt #ce p>ts2 f]rocyanide ( potassium1 #bj p>ts2 ros91 #g #a_/b p>ts2 c>bonate ( sodium1 #d p>ts4 ,heat ! pieces to be weld$ to a light-r$ heat & apply ! comp\nd2 !n heat to a /rong yell[ heat & ! weld+ may be accompli%$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! precaution %\ld be obs]v$1 ! same z ) any ( ! cyanides1 to avoid brea?+ ! poison\s fumes4 ,s(t5+ ,/eel4--,heat ! /eel to a br[n r$ & plunge into s(t wat]1 riv] wat] be+ ! be/4 ,c>e %\ld be tak51 h[ev]1 n to heat ov] br[n r$1 o!rwise x w be h>d :5 imm]s$4 ,! /eel w be s(t en\gh to be cut ) ease if x is plung$ 9 ! wat] z soon z x turns r$4 ,draw-,temp]+ ,ca/ ,/eel4--,fir/ heat ! /eel lightly by means ( *>coal until ( a *]ry-r$ %ade1 :]eupon x is )drawn to be put quickly into a%es or dry *>coal du/ until completely cool$4 ,! /eel may also be heat$ 9 ! =ge to a r$ *]ry color1 !n hamm]$ until x turns blue & !n plung$ into wat]4 ,drill+ ,h>d ,/eel4--,to accompli% ! object quickly1 a drill ( ca/ /eel %\ld be made1 ! po9t gradually heat$ to ! r$1 ! scales tak5 (f1 & ! extremity ( ! po9t imm]s$ at once 9 quicksilv]2 !n ! :ole qu5*$ 9 cold wat]4 ,?us prep>$1 ! drill is equal to any em]g5cy2 x w bore ?r\gh ! h>de/ pieces4 ,! quantity ( quicksilv] ne$$ is trifl+4 ,engrav+ or ,et*+ on ,/eel4--,dissolve 9 #aej p>ts ( v9eg>1 sulphate ( copp]1 #cj p>ts2 alum1 #h p>ts2 kit*5 salt1 #aa p>ts4 ,add a few drops ( nitric acid4 ,accord+ to :e!r ?is liquid is all[$ to act a long] or %ort] "t1 ! /eel may be engrav$ ^u deeply or ! surface may be giv5 a v ornam5tal1 fro/$ appe>ance4 ,to ,di/+ui% ,/eel f ,iron4--,take a v clean file & file ov] ! flame ( an alcohol lamp4 ,if ! fil$ piece is made ( /eel1 little burn+ & crackl+ sp>ks w be se54 ,if x consi/s ( iron1 ! sp>ks w n crackle4 ,,/eel1 ,,br[n+ ,,(3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,/eel1 ,,di/+ui%+ ,,iron ,,f3 ,see ,iron4 ,,/eel ,,et*+3 ,see ,et*+4 ,,/eel-,,h>d5+ ,,p[d]3 ,see ,iron4 ,,/eel1 ,,oxidiz$3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,/eel ,,plat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,/eel ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,/eel1 ,,to ,,clean3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 #fhh ,,/5cils ,,= ,,plott+ ,,lett]s ,,( ,,sign ,,plates3 ,see ,enamel+4 ,,/5cil ,,inks3 ,see ,inks4 ,,/]eo*romy4 ,/]eo*romatic colors c be b\ght gr\nd 9 a ?ickly liquid wat]-glass solution4 ,!y are only dilut$ ) wat]-glass solution be=e application on ! walls4 ,! two solutions are g5]ally slightly dissimil> 9 _! composition1 ! =m] conta9+ less silicic acid1 b m alkali1 ?an ! latt]1 :i* is necess>y = ! bett] pres]vation ( ! pa9t4 ,suitable pigm5ts are z9c :ite1 o*] ) its diff]5t %ades ( light yell[1 r$1 & d>k br[n1 black consi/+ ( a mixture ( manganese & lampblack1 etc41 etc4 ,:ite lead _c be us$1 z x coagulates ) ! wat] glass1 nor v]milion1 because x fades greatly "u ! action ( ! light4 ,! pla/]+ to be coat$ mu/ be por\s1 n fre%1 b some:at h>d5$4 ,o!rwise ! cau/ic lime ( ! pla/] w quickly decompose ! wat] glass4 ,?is circum/ance may acc\nt = ! unsatisfactory results :i* h frequ5tly be5 obta9$ ) wat]-glass coat+s4 ,be=e apply+ ! pa9t ! wall %\ld fir/ be impregnat$ ) a wat]-glass solution4 ,! colors may be kept on h& gr\nd1 b mu/ be protect$ f contact ) ! air4 ,if air is admitt$ a p>tial sep>ation ( silica 9 ! =m ( a jelly takes place4 ,only pure pota% wat] glass1 or1 at lea/1 su* z only conta9s little soda1 %\ld be us$1 z soda w cause effloresc5ce4 ,,/]eopticon ,,slides3 ,see ,photography4 ,,/]eotype ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,/one1 ,,artificial4 ,! foll[+ is a process ( manufacture 9 :i* ! alkal9e silicates prep>$ indu/rially are employ$4 ,! function ( ! alkal9e silicates1 or soluble glass1 z con/itu5ts ( artificial /one1 is to act z a cem5t1 =m+ ) ! alkal9e e>?s1 alum9a1 & oxide ( lead1 insoluble silicates1 :i* weld toge!r ! mat]ials 7qu>tz s&1 pebbles1 granite1 fluorsp>1 & ! wa/e ( clay bricks74 ,! mass may be color$ black by ! addition ( a quantity ( *>coal or graphite to ! ext5t ( #aj p] c5t at ! maximum1 b9oxide ( manganese1 or o*]2 r$1 by #f p] c5t ( colco?>2 brick r$1 by #d to #g p] c5t ( c9nab>2 orange1 by #f to #h p] c5t ( r$ lead2 yell[1 by #f p] c5t ( yell[ o*]1 or #e p] c5t ( *rome yell[2 gre51 by #h p] c5t ( *rome gre52 blue1 by #f to #aj p] c5t ( ,neuwi$ blue1 ,brem5 blue1 ,cassel blue1 or ,napoleon blue2 & :ite1 by #bj p] c5t1 at ! maximum1 ( z9c :ite4 ,*rome gre5 & z9c oxide produce an imitation ( mala*ite4 ,an imitation ( lapis lazuli is obta9$ by ! simultane\s employm5t ( ,cassel blue & pyrites 9 gra9s4 ,! metallic oxides yield ! correspond+ silicates1 & z9c oxide1 mix$ ) cleans$ *alk1 yields a brilliant m>ble4 ,! +r$i5ts are mix$ 9 a k9d ( me*anical knead+ tr\gh1 furni%$ ) /irr]s1 9 v>iable proportions1 accord+ to ! p]c5tage ( ! solution ( alkal9e silicate4 ,! :ole is aft]w>ds mold$ or compress$ by ! ord9>y processes4 ,! imitation ( granite is obta9$ by mix+ lime1 #ajj p>ts2 sodium silicate 7#db ,b471 #ce p>ts2 f9e qu>tz s&1 #abj to #ahj p>ts2 & co>se s&1 #ahj to #bej p>ts4 ,artificial basalt may be prep>$ by add+ potassium sulphite & lead acetate1 or equal p>ts ( antimony ore & iron fil+s4 ,to obta9 artificial m>ble1 #ajj p\nds ( m>ble du/ or levigat$ *alk are mix$ ) #bj p>ts ( gr\nd glass & #h p>ts ( f9e lime & sodium silicate4 ,! color+ matt] is mix$ 9 proportion dep5d+ on ! effect to be produc$4 ,a f9e product = mold+ is obta9$ by mix+ alkal9e silicate1 #ajj p>ts2 wa%$ *alk1 #ajj p>ts2 slak$ lime1 #dj p>ts2 quick lime1 #dj p>ts1 f9e qu>tz s&1 #bjj p>ts2 p\nd$ glass1 #hj p>ts2 infusorial e>?s1 #hj p>ts2 fluorsp>1 #aej p>ts4 ,on h>d5+1 !re is mu* contraction4 ,o!r k9ds ( artificial /one are prep>$ by mix+ hydraulic lime or cem5t1 #ej p>ts2 s&1 #bjj p>ts2 sodium silicate1 9 dry p[d]1 #ej p>ts2 ! :ole is moi/5$ ) #aj p] c5t ( wat] & mold$4 ,a hydraulic cem5t may be employ$1 to :i* an alkal9e silicate is add$4 ,! /one or object mold$ ought to be cov]$ ) a lay] ( fluosilicate4 #fhi ,a wea!r-pro( wat]-resi/+ /one is manufactur$ f sea mud1 to :i* #e p] c5t ( calcic hydrate is add$4 ,! mass is !n dri$1 lixiviat$1 & dri$ once m at #bab ,f41 :]eupon ! /ones are burn$4 ,by an admixture ( cry/alliz$ iron sulphate ! firmness ( ^! /ones is /ill increas$4 ,s&-,lime ,brick4--,9 a ,fr5* pat5t = mak+ bricks f pit* & coal t>1 p[d]$ coke & sea s& are g5tly heat$ 9 a suitable vessel1 & #bj p] c5t ( pit* & #aj p] c5t ( coal t> add$1 ) /irr+4 ,! pa/y mass obta9$ is !n mold$ "u pressure4 ,! product obta9$ may be employ$ alone1 or toge!r ) a framework ( iron1 or ) hydraulic lime or cem5t4 ,accord+ to a ,fr5* pat5t = ve9+ m>ble1 etc41 9 "o or m colors1 color+ matt]s ( all k9ds are mix$ ) a /icky liquid1 :i* is !n spread 9 a v ?9 lay] on ! surface ( ano!r immiscible & heavi] liquid4 ,by agitat+ ! surface1 color$ ve9s1 etc41 are obta9$1 :i* are !n transf]r$ to ! object to be decorat$ 7:i* may be ( mo/ v>i$ k9d7 by apply+ x to ! surface ( ! heavy liquid4 ,a suitable composition ) :i* ! colors may be mix$ consi/s (3 ,oil ( turp5t9e1 #ajj p>ts2 colophony1 #aj p>ts2 l9se$ oil1 #aj p>ts2 siccatif soleil1 #e p>ts4 ,! heavy liquid may be wat]1 m]cury1 etc42 & any colors1 organic or m9]al1 may be us$4 ,,concrete4 ,concrete is ! "n appli$ to an artificial comb9ation ( v>i\s m9]al sub/ances :i* "u *emical action become incorporat$ into a solid mass4 ,!re are "o or two compositions ( comp>atively trifl+ importance :i* receive ! same "n1 ?\gh diff]+ fundam5tally f true concrete1 _! solidification be+ indep5d5t ( *emical influ5ce4 ,^! compositions only call = pass+ m5tion2 !y are3 ,t> concrete1 made ( brok5 /ones 7macadam7 & t>2 iron concrete1 compos$ ( iron turn+s1 asphalt1 bitum51 & pit*2 & lead concrete1 consi/+ ( brok5 bricks set 9 molt5 lead4 ,! la/ two v>ieties1 ) r>e exceptions1 are only us$ 9 connection ) milit>y eng9e]+1 su* z = =tifications4 ,concrete prop] consi/s ess5tially ( two gr\ps or classes ( +r$i5ts4 ,! fir/1 t]m$ ! aggregate1 is a het]og5e\s mass1 9 itself inactive1 ( m9]al mat]ial1 su* z %+le1 brok5 /one1 brok5 brick1 gravel1 & s&4 ,^! are ! sub/ances mo/ commonly 9 evid5ce1 b o!r +r$i5ts are also occasionally employ$1 su* z slag f iron furnaces4 ,burnt clay1 9 any =m1 & e>!nw>e1 make admirable mat]ial = incorporation4 ,! second class con/itutes ! active ag5cy :i* produces adhesion & solidification4 ,x is t]m$ ! matrix1 & consi/s ( hydraulic lime or cem5t1 comb9$ ) wat]4 ,"o ( ! ess5tial features 9 good concrete is cleanl9ess & an entire abs5ce ( dirt1 du/1 greasy matt]1 & impurities ( any description4 ,! mat]ial w pref]ably be %>p & angul>1 ) a r\gh1 por\s surface1 to :i* ! matrix w m readily adh]e ?an to smoo?1 vitre\s sub/ances4 ,! specific gravity ( ! aggregate w dep5d ^u ! purpose = :i* ! concrete is to be us$4 ,= beams & l9tels1 a light aggregate1 su* z coke breeze f gasworks1 is p]missible1 especially :5 ! "w is design$ to receive nails4 ,on ! o!r h&1 = reta9+ walls1 ! heavie/ possible aggregate is desirable on ! gr\nd ( /ability4 ,! aggregate by no means %\ld be uni=m 9 size4 ,fragm5ts ( diff]5t dim5sions are mo/ ess5tial1 s t ! small] mat]ial may fill up ! int]/ices ( ! l>g]4 ,x is n infrequ5tly /ipulat$ by eng9e]s t no individual fragm5t %all be m ?an #d in*es across1 & ! mat]ial is (t5 specifi$ to pass ?r\gh a r+ #a #a_/b to #b in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! absolute limits to size = ! aggregate1 h[ev]1 are det]m9able by a numb] ( consid]ations1 n ! lea/ important ( :i* is ! magnitude & bulk ( ! "w 9 :i* x is to be employ$4 ,! p>ticles ( s& %\ld also be ( v>y+ degrees ( co>s5ess4 ,a f9e1 du/-l s& is objectionable2 its m9ute subdivision prev5ts complete contact ) ! cem5t on all its faces4 ,ano!r desid]atum is t ! p>ticles %\ld n be too sph]ical1 a condition br\ght ab\t by cont9u$ attrition4 ,h5ce1 pit s& is bett] 9 _m cases ?an riv] s& or %ore s&4 ,! matrix is almo/ univ]sally ,portl& cem5t4 ,x %\ld n be us$ 9 too hot a condition1 to :i* end x is usually spread ov] a wood5 floor to a dep? ( a few in*es1 = a few days prior to use4 ,by ?is means1 ! alum9ate ( lime becomes p>tially hydrat$1 & its activity is !reby modifi$4 #fij ,roman cem5t & hydraulic lime may also be us$ z matrices4 ,portl& cem5t w take a l>g] proportion ( s& ?an ei!r ,roman cem5t or hydraulic lime2 b ) ! l>g] ratios ( s&1 its t5acity is1 ( c\rse1 correspond+ly r$uc$4 ,"o "p ( cem5t to #d p>ts ( s& %\ld !re=e be look$ ^u z ! upp] limit1 :ile = ! /ronge/ mort> ! proportion ne$ h>dly exce$ #a "p ( cem5t to #a #a_/b or #b p>ts ( s&4 ,9 ! ensu+ calculations !re is assum$ a ratio ( #a to #c4 ,= imp]meability1 ! proportion ( #a to #b %\ld be obs]v$1 & = ,roman cem5t ?is proportion %\ld nev] be exce$$4 ,! ratio w ev5 advantage\sly be limit$ to #b to #c4 ,= hydraulic lime equal p>ts ( s& & cem5t are suitable1 ?\gh #b p>ts ( s& to #a "p ( cem5t may be us$4 ,! quantity ( mort> requir$ 9 ref]5ce to ! aggregate is bas$ on ! vacuities 9 ! latt]4 ,= any p>ticul> aggregate ! am\nt ( empty space may be det]m9$ by fill+ a tank ( kn[n volume ) ! m9]als & !n add+ suffici5t wat] to br+ to a level surface4 ,! volume ( wat] add$ 7provid$1 ( c\rse1 ! aggregate be imp]vi\s or previ\sly saturat$7 gives ! net volume ( mort> requir$4 ,to ?is x is necess>y to make "s addition 7say #aj p] c5t ( ! :ole71 9 ord] to insure ! ?or\gh flu%+ ( e "p ( ! "w4 ,assum+ t ! proportion ( int]/ices is #cj p] c5t & add+ #aj = ! reason j /at$1 we d]ive #dj p>ts z ! quantity ( mort> to #ajj #aj #ij p>ts ( ! aggregate4 ,an all[ance ( #a_/d volume = %r9kage br+s ! volume ( ! dry mat]ials 7s& & cem5t7 ( ! mort> to #dj #dj_/c #ec #a_/c p>ts1 :i*1 divid$ 9 ! ratio ( #a to #c1 yields3 ,cem5t 7#ec #a_/c7_/d #ac #a_/c p>ts ,s&1 #c_/d x #ec #a_/c #dj p>ts ,aggregate #ij p>ts ,total #adc #a_/c p>ts ,z ! resultant concrete is #ajj p>ts1 ! total %r9kage is #cj p] c5t4 ,express$ 9 t]ms ( ! cem5t1 ! concrete w\ld h a composition ( #a "p cem5t1 #c p>ts s&1 #g p>ts gravel & brok5 /one1 & x w\ld =m1 approximately1 :at is commonly kn[n z #g to #a concrete4 ,!re are o!r ratios dep5d+ on ! proportion ( s&4 ,?us we h3 ,cem5t ,s& ,aggregate #a #a #a_/b #d #a_/c #a #b #e #a #b #a_/b #f #a #c #g #a #c #a_/b #g #a_/b #a #d #h #a_/d ,! co/ ( concrete may be mat]ially r$uc$ )\t affect+ ! /r5g? or efficacy ( ! "w1 by a pl5tiful use ( /one 8plums0 or 8burrs40 ,^! are b$d$ 9 ! fluid concrete dur+ its deposition 9 situ1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 to see t !y are ?or\ghly surr\nd$ by mort> & n 9 contact ) ea* o!r4 ,fur!rmore1 if !y are ( a por\s nature1 !y %\ld be well wett$ be=e use4 ,! mix+ ( concrete is important4 ,if done by h&1 ! mat]ials =m+ ! aggregate w be laid out on a plat=m & cov]$ by ! cem5t 9 a ?9 lay]4 ,! :ole %\ld be turn$ ov] ?rice 9 ! dry /ate1 & z _m times wet1 be=e deposit+1 9 ord] to br+ ab\t ?or\gh & complete amalgamation4 ,once mix$1 ! concrete is to be deposit$ imm$iately & all[$ to rema9 undi/urb$ until ! action ( sett+ is f9i%$4 ,deposition %\ld be effect$1 :]ev] possible1 )\t tipp+ f a height ( m ?an ab\t #f feet1 z 9 great] falls !re is a likelihood ( ! heavi] portions ( ! aggregate sep>at+ f ! light]4 ,9 ext5sive und]tak+s1 concrete is m economically mix$ by me*anical appliances4 ,! wat] us$ = mix+ may be ei!r salt or fre%1 s f> z ! /r5g? ( ! concrete is conc]n$4 ,= surface "w above ! gr\nd level1 sal9ity 9 any ( ! +r$i5ts is objectionable1 s9ce x t5ds to produce effloresc5ce--an unsightly1 fl\ry deposit1 difficult to get rid (4 ,! quantity ( wat] requir$ _c be /at$ ) exactitude2 x w dep5d ^u ! proportion ( ! aggregate & its porosity4 ,x is be/ det]m9$ by exp]im5t 9 ea* p>ticul> case4 ,)\t be+ pr(use en\gh to 8dr[n0 ! concrete1 x %\ld be pl5tiful en\gh to act z an effici5t int]m$i>y betwe5 e p>ticle ( ! aggregate & e p>ticle ( ! matrix4 ,insuffici5t moi/ure is1 9 fact1 z delet]i\s z an excess4 ,voids4--,! /r5g? ( concrete dep5ds greatly ^u its d5sity1 & ?is is secur$ by us+ co>se mat]ial :i* conta9s ! smalle/ am\nt ( voids or empty spaces4 ,diff]5t k9ds ( s&1 #fia gravel1 & /one v>y greatly 9 ! am\nt ( voids !y conta91 & by judici\sly mix+ co>se & f9e mat]ial ! voids may be mu* r$uc$ & ! d5sity increas$4 ,! d5sity & p]c5tage ( voids 9 concrete mat]ial may be det]m9$ by fill+ a box ( #a cubic foot capacity & weigh+ x4 ,"o cubic foot ( solid qu>tz or lime/one1 entirely free f voids1 w\ld weigh #afe p\nds1 & ! am\nt by :i* a cubic foot ( any loose mat]ial falls %ort ( ?is weight repres5ts ! proportion ( voids conta9$ 9 x4 ,= example1 if a cubic foot ( s& weighs #aae #a_/b p\nds1 ! voids w\ld be #di #a_/b-afe?s ( ! total volume1 or #cj p] c5t4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! p] c5t ( voids & weight p] cubic foot ( "s common concrete mat]ials3 ,p] ,c5t ,wt4 p] ,voids ,cu4 ,ft4 ,s&usky ,bay s& #cb4c #aaa4g p\nds ,same ?r\gh #bj-me% scre5 #ch4e #aja4e p\nds ,gravel1 #a_/h to #a_/d in* #db4d #ie4j p\nds ,brok5 lime/one1 egg-size #dg4j #hg4d p\nds ,lime/one scre5+s1 du/ to #a_/b in* #bf4j #abb4b p\nds ,x w be not$ t scre5+ ! s& ?r\gh a #bj-me% sieve1 & ?us tak+ out ! co>se gra9s1 consid]ably increas$ ! voids & r$uc$ ! weight2 ?us decid$ly injur+ ! s& = mak+ concrete4 ,! foll[+ figures %[ h[ weight c be increas$ & voids r$uc$ by mix+ f9e & co>se mat]ial3 ,p] ,c5t ,wt4 p] ,voids ,cu4 ,ft4 ,pebbles1 ab\t #a in* #ch4g #aja4b p\nds ,s&1 #cj to #dj me% #ce4i #aje4h p\nds ,pebbles plus #ch4g p] c5t s&1 by vol4 #ai4b #acc4e p\nds ,exp]im5ts h %[n t ! /r5g? ( concrete increases greatly ) its d5sity2 9 fact1 a slight increase 9 weight p] cubic foot adds v decid$ly to ! /r5g?4 ,! ga9 9 /r5g? obta9$ by add+ co>se mat]ial to mixtures ( cem5t & s& is %[n 9 ! foll[+ table ( results ( exp]im5ts made 9 ,g]many by ,r4 ,dyk]h(f4 ,! blocks te/$ 7 #b #a_/b-;in* cubes1 #a day 9 air & #bg days 9 wat]4 ,proportions by ,measure4 ,p] ,compression ,c5t4 ,/r5g?4 ,cem5t4 ,cem5t4 ,s&4 ,gravel4 ,by ,lbs4 p] ,volume4 ,sq4 ,94 #a #b -- #cc4j #b1abe #a #b #e #ab4e #b1chg #a #c -- #be4j #a1chc #a #c #f #a_/b #i4e #a1eae #a #d -- #bj4j #a1jec #a #d #h #a_/b #g4d #a1bjd ,^! figures %[ h[ greatly ! /r5g? is improv$ by add+ co>se mat]ial1 ev5 ?\gh ! proportion ( cem5t is !reby r$uc$4 ,a mixture ( #a to #ab #a_/b ( prop]ly proportion$ s& & gravel is1 9 fact1 /rong] ?an #a to #d1 & ne>ly z /rong z #a to #c1 ( cem5t & s& only4 ,9 select+ mat]ials = concrete1 ^? %\ld be *os5 :i* give ! greate/ d5sity4 ,if x is practicable to mix two mat]ials1 z s& & gravel1 ! proportion :i* gives ! greate/ d5sity %\ld be det]m9$ by exp]im5t1 & rigidly adh]$ to 9 mak+ concrete1 :atev] proportion ( cem5t x is decid$ to use4 ,well-proportion$ dry s& & gravel or s& & brok5 /one1 well %ak5 d[n1 %\ld weigh at lea/ #abe p\nds p] cubic foot4 ,lime/one scre5+s1 ow+ to m9ute pores 9 ! /one itself1 are some:at light]1 ?\gh giv+ equally /rong concrete4 ,!y %\ld weigh at lea/ #abj p\nds p] cubic foot4 ,if ! weight is less1 !re is probably too mu* f9e du/ 9 ! mixture4 ,! d5sity & /r5g? ( concrete are also greatly improv$ by use ( a lib]al am\nt ( wat]4 ,en\gh wat] mu/ be us$ to make ! concrete ?or\ghly s(t & pla/ic1 s z to quake /rongly :5 ramm$4 ,if mix$ too dry x w nev] h>d5 prop]ly1 & w be light1 por\s1 & crumbl+4 ,?or\gh mix+ ( concrete mat]ials is ess5tial1 to increase ! d5sity & give ! cem5t us$ a *ance to produce its full /r5g?4 ,! cem5t1 s&1 & gravel %\ld be intimately mix$ dry1 !n ! wat] add$ & ! mix+ cont9u$4 ,if /one or co>se gravel is add$1 ?is %\ld be well wett$ & ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! mort>4 ,mat]ials = ,concrete ,build+ ,blocks4--,9 ! mak+ ( build+ blocks ! spaces to be fill$ ) concrete are g5]ally too n>r[ to p]mit ! use ( v co>se mat]ial1 & ! #fib blockmak] is limit$ to gravel or /one n exce$+ #a_/b or #c_/d in* 9 size4 ,a consid]able proportion ( co>se mat]ial is1 h[ev]1 j z necess>y z 9 o!r k9ds ( concrete "w1 & gravel or scre5+s %\ld be *os5 :i* w give ! greate/ possible d5sity4 ,= good results1 at lea/ "o-?ird ( ! mat]ial1 by weight1 %\ld be co>s] ?an #a_/h in*4 ,blocks made f su* gravel or scre5+s1 #a to #e1 w be f\nd z good z #a to #c ) s& only4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t ! co>se fragm5ts w %[ on ! surface2 if ! mix+ is ?or\gh ?is w n be ! case4 ,a mod]ate degree ( r\ghness or v>iety 9 ! surface ( blocks is1 9 fact1 desirable1 & w\ld g f> to ov]come ! prejudice :i* _m ar*itects hold aga9/ ! smoo?1 lifeless surface ( cem5t "w4 ,s& & gravel are1 9 mo/ cases1 ! *eape/ mat]ial to use = block "w4 ,! pres5ce ( a few p] c5t ( clay or loam is n h>mful provid$ ! mix+ is ?or\gh4 ,/one scre5+s1 if ( good quality1 give fully z /rong concrete z s& & gravel1 & usually yield blocks ( some:at light] color4 ,scre5+s f s(t /one %\ld be avoid$1 also su* z conta9 too mu* du/4 ,?is c be det]m9$ f ! weight p] cubic foot1 & by a sift+ te/4 ,if m ?an two-?irds pass #a_/h in*1 & ! weight 7well j>r$ d[n7 is less ?an #abj p\nds1 ! mat]ial is n ! be/4 ,c9d]s are sometimes us$ = block "w2 !y v>y greatly 9 quality1 b if clean & ( m$ium co>s5ess w give fair results4 ,c9d] concrete nev] develops great /r5g?1 ow+ to ! por\s "* & cru%ability ( ! c9d]s !mselves4 ,c9d] blocks may1 h[ev]1 be /rong en\gh = _m purposes1 & suitable = "w 9 :i* great /r5g? is n requir$4 ,lime4--,x is well kn[n t slak$ lime is a valuable addition to cem5t mort>1 especially = use 9 air4 ,9 s& mixtures1 #a to #d or #a to #e1 at lea/ "o-?ird ( ! cem5t may be replac$ by slak$ lime )\t loss ( /r5g?4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t =m ( lime = use 9 block-mak+ is ! dry-slak$ or hydrate lime1 n[ a common article ( comm]ce4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 ab\t z exp5sive z ,portl& cem5t1 & !re is no great sav+ 9 its use4 ,add$ to block concrete1 9 ! proportion ( #a_/d to #a_/b ! cem5t us$1 x w be f\nd to make ! blocks light] 9 color1 d5s]1 & decid$ly less p]meable by wat]4 ,cem5t4--,portl& cem5t is ! only hydraulic mat]ial to be s]i\sly consid]$ by ! blockmak]4 ,natural & slag cem5ts & hydraulic lime are useful = "w :i* rema9s con/antly wet1 b greatly inf]ior 9 /r5g? & durability :5 expos$ to dry air4 ,a fur!r advantage ( ,portl& cem5t is ! promptness ) :i* x h>d5s & develops its full /r5g?2 ?is quality alone is suffici5t to put all o!r cem5ts out ( consid]ation = block "w4 ,proportions4--,!re are ?ree important consid]ations to be kept 9 view 9 adju/+ ! proportions ( mat]ials = block concrete--/r5g?1 p]meability1 & co/4 ,s f> z /r5g? goes1 x may easily be %[n t concretes v poor 9 cem5t1 z #a to #h or #a to #aj1 w h a cru%+ resi/ance f> beyond any load t !y may be call$ ^u to su/a94 ,su* concretes are1 h[ev]1 extremely por\s1 & absorb wat] l a sponge4 ,! blocks mu/ be> a c]ta9 am\nt ( r\gh h&l+ at ! factory & :ile be+ c>t$ to "w & set up 9 ! wall4 ,safety 9 ?is respect calls = a mu* great] degree ( h>dness ?an w\ld be ne$$ to be> ! weight ( ! build+4 ,aga91 /r5g? & h>dness1 ) a giv5 proportion ( cem5t1 dep5d greatly on ! "* ( ! o!r mat]ials us$2 blocks made ( cem5t & s&1 #a to #c1 w n be s /rong or s imp]meable to wat] z ^? made f a good mix$ s& & gravel1 #a to #e4 ,on ! :ole1 x is d\btful :e!r blocks ( satisfactory quality c be made1 by h& mix+ & tamp+1 "u ord9>y factory conditions1 f a poor] mixture ?an #a to #e4 ,ev5 ?is proportion requires = good results ! use ( prop]ly grad$ s& & gravel or scre5+s1 a lib]al am\nt ( wat]1 & ?or\gh mix+ & tamp+4 ,:5 suitable gravel is n obta9able1 & co>se mix$ s& only is us$1 ! proportion %\ld n be less ?an #a to #d4 ,f9e s& alone is a v bad mat]ial1 & good blocks _c be made f x except by ! use ( an am\nt ( cem5t :i* w\ld make ! co/ v high4 ,! mixtures above recomm5d$1 #a to #d & #a to #e1 w necess>ily be some:at por\s1 & may be decid$ly s if ! gravel or scre5+s us$ is n prop]ly grad$4 ,! wat]-resi/+ qualities may be greatly improv$1 )\t loss ( /r5g?1 by replac+ a "p ( ! cem5t by hydrate lime4 ,?is is a light1 extremely f9e mat]ial1 & a giv5 weight ( x goes mu* fur!r ?an ! #fic same am\nt ( cem5t 9 fill+ ! pores ( ! concrete4 ,x has also ! effect ( mak+ ! wet mixture m pla/ic & m easily compact$ by ramm+1 & gives ! f9i%$ blocks a light] color4 ,! foll[+ mixtures1 !n1 are to be recomm5d$ = concrete blocks4 ,by 8gravel0 is meant a suitable mixture ( s& & gravel1 or /one scre5+s1 conta9+ gra9s ( all sizes1 f f9e to #a_/b in*4 #a to #d ,mixtures1 by ,weight4 ,cem5t1 #aej p>ts2 gravel1 #fjj p>ts4 ,cem5t1 #abe p>ts2 hydrat$ lime1 #be p>ts2 gravel1 #fjj p>ts4 ,cem5t1 #ajj p>ts2 hydrat$ lime1 #ej p>ts2 gravel1 #fjj p>ts4 #a to #e ,mixtures1 by ,weight4 ,cem5t1 #abj p>ts2 gravel1 #fjj p>ts4 ,cem5t1 #ajj p>ts2 hydrat$ lime1 #bj p>ts2 gravel1 #fjj p>ts4 ,proportion ( ,wat]4--,?is is a matt] ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce1 & has m effect on ! quality ( ! "w ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,blocks made f too dry concrete w always rema9 s(t & weak1 no matt] h[ ?or\ghly spr9kl$ aft]w>ds4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if blocks are to be remov$ f ! ma*9e z soon z made1 too mu* wat] w cause !m to /ick to ! plates & sag out ( %ape4 ,x is p]fectly possible1 h[ev]1 to give ! concrete en\gh wat] = maximum d5sity & fir/-class h>d5+ prop]ties1 & /ill to remove ! blocks at once f ! mold4 ,a good proportion ( co>se mat]ial all[s ! mixture to be made wett] )\t /ick+ or sagg+4 ,use ( pl5ty ( wat] va/ly improves ! /r5g?1 h>dness1 & wat]pro( qualities ( blocks1 & makes !m decid$ly light] 9 color4 ,! rule %\ld be3 ,use z mu* wat] z possible )\t caus+ ! blocks to /ick to ! plates or to sag out ( %ape on remov+ f ! ma*9e4 ,! am\nt ( wat] requir$ to produce ?is result v>ies ) ! mat]ials us$1 b is g5]ally f #h to #i p] c5t ( ! weight ( ! dry mixture4 ,a practic$ blockmak] c judge closely :5 ! "r am\nt ( wat] has be5 add$1 by squeez+ "s ( ! mixture 9 ! h&4 ,v slight v>iations 9 proportion ( wat] make su* a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! quality & color ( ! blocks t ! wat]1 :5 ! prop] quantity = ! mat]ials us$ has be5 det]m9$1 %\ld always be accurately measur$ out = ea* bat*4 ,9 ?is way mu* "t is sav$ & unc]ta9ty avoid$4 ,fac+4--,"s blockmak]s put on a fac+ ( ri*] & f9] mixture1 mak+ ! body ( ! block ( poor] & co>s] mat]ial4 ,z w be expla9$ lat]1 ! advantage ( ! practice is1 9 mo/ cases1 que/ionable1 b fac+s may s]ve a good purpose 9 case a color$ or specially wat]pro( surface is requir$4 ,fac+s are g5]ally made ( cem5t & s&1 or f9e scre5+s1 pass+ a #a_/h-;in* sieve4 ,to get ! same h>dness & /r5g? z a #a to #e gravel mixture1 at lea/ z ri* a fac+ z #a to #c w be f\nd necess>y4 ,probably #a to #b w be f\nd bett]1 & if "o-?ird ! cem5t be replac$ by hydrate lime ! wat]pro( qualities & appe>ance ( ! blocks w be improv$4 ,a ri*] fac+ ?an #a to #b is liable to %[ great] %r9kage ?an ! body ( ! block1 & to adh]e imp]fectly or develop hair-cracks 9 consequ5ce4 ,p\r$ ,"w4--,! above sugge/ions on ! "q ( proportions ( cem5t1 s&1 & gravel = tamp$ blocks apply equally to concrete made v wet1 p\r$ into ! mold1 & all[$ to h>d5 a day or long] be=e remov+4 ,ca/+s 9 a s& mold are made by ! use ( v liquid concrete2 s& & gravel settle out too rapidly f su* ?9 mixtures1 & r f9e lime/one scre5+s are g5]ally us$4 ,mix+4--,to get ! full b5efit ( ! cem5t us$ x is necess>y t all ! mat]ials %all be v ?or\ghly mix$ toge!r4 ,! /r5g? ( ! block z a :ole w be only z great z t ( its weake/ "p1 & x is ! height ( folly1 aft] putt+ a lib]al measure ( cem5t1 to s slight ! mix+ z to get no bett] result ?an half z mu* cem5t1 prop]ly mix$1 w\ld h giv54 ,! poor1 %oddy1 & crumbly blocks turn$ out by _m small-scale mak]s owe _! faults *iefly to c>eless mix+ & use ( too little wat]1 r ?an to too small proportion ( cem5t4 ,! mat]ials %\ld be mix$ dry1 until ! cem5t is uni=mly di/ribut$ & p]fectly m+l$ ) ! s& & gravel or scre5+s2 !n ! wat] is to be add$ & ! mix+ cont9u$ until all p>ts ( ! mass are equally moi/ & e p>ticle is coat$ ) ! cem5t pa/e4 ,concrete ,mix]s4--,h& mix+ is always imp]fect1 labori\s1 & sl[1 #fid & x is impossible by ?is me?od to secure ! ?or\gh /irr+ & knead+ action :i* a good mix+ ma*9e gives4 ,if a ma*9e tak+ #e or #aj horse-p[] requires #e m9utes to mix "o-?ird ( a y>d ( concrete1 x is ( c\rse absurd to expect t two m5 w d ! same "w by h& 9 ! same "t4 ,& ! ma*9e nev] gets tir$ or %irks if n con/antly urg$1 z x is ! nature ( m5 to d4 ,x is h>d to see h[ ! manufacture ( concrete blocks c be successfully c>ri$ on )\t a concrete mix]4 ,ev5 = a small bus9ess x w pay well 9 economy ( labor & excell5ce ( "w to in/all su* a ma*9e1 :i* may be driv5 by a small electric motor or gasol9e eng9e4 ,9 "w necess>ily s exact z ?is1 requir+ p]fectly uni=m mixtures & use ( a con/ant p]c5tage ( wat]1 bat* mix]s1 :i* take a measur$ quantity ( mat]ial1 mix x1 & dis*>ge x1 at ea* op]ation1 are ! only satisfactory type1 & cont9u\s mix]s are unsuitable4 ,^? ( ! pug-mill type1 consi/+ ( an op5 tr\gh ) revolv+ paddles & bottom dis*>ge1 are positive & ?or\gh 9 _! action1 & p]mit ! :ole op]ation to be wat*$ & controll$4 ,!y %\ld be provid$ ) ext5sible arms ( *ill$ iron1 :i* c be l5g!n$ z ! ends become worn4 ,concrete ,block ,sy/ems4--,= small] & less co/ly build+s1 sep>ate blocks1 made at ! factory & built up into ! walls 9 ! same mann] z brick or blocks ( /one1 are simpl]1 less exp5sive1 & mu* m rapid 9 con/ruction ?an monoli?ic "w4 ,!y also avoid "s ( ! faults to :i* solid concrete "w1 unless skillfully done1 is subject1 su* z ! =mation ( %r9kage cracks4 ,!re are two sy/ems ( block mak+1 diff]+ 9 ! consi/5cy ( ! concrete us$3 #a4 ,blocks tamp$ or press$ f semi-wet concrete1 & remov$ at once f ! mold4 #b4 ,blocks p\r$ or tamp$ f wet concrete1 & all[$ to rema9 9 ! mold until h>d5$4 ,tamp$ ,blocks f ,semi-,wet ,mixture4--,^! are practically always made on a block ma*9e1 s arrang$ t z soon z a block is =m$ ! cores & side plates are remov$ & ! block lift$ f ! ma*9e4 ,by f> ! l>g] "p ( ! blocks on ! m>ket are made 9 ?is way4 ,usually ^! are ( ! "o-piece type1 9 :i* a s+le block1 provid$ ) holl[ cores1 makes ! :ole ?ickness ( ! wall4 ,ano!r plan is ! two-piece sy/em1 9 :i* ! face & back ( ! wall are made up ( diff]5t blocks1 s lapp+ ov] ea* o!r z to give a bond & hold ! wall toge!r4 ,blocks ( ! two-piece type are g5]ally =m$ 9 a h& or hydraulic press4 ,v>i\s %apes & sizes ( blocks are commonly made2 ! build]s ( ! mo/ popul> ma*9es h1 h[ev]1 adopt$ ! /&>d l5g? ( #cb in*es & height ( #i in*es = ! full-siz$ block1 ) ?ickness ( #h1 #aj1 & #ab in*es4 ,l5g?s ( #bd1 #af1 & #h in*es are also obta9$ on ! same ma*9es by ! use ( p>t+ plates & suitably divid$ face plates2 any int]m$iate l5g?s & any desir$ heights may be produc$ by simple adju/m5ts or block+ (f4 ,blocks are commonly made pla91 rock-fac$1 tool-fac$1 panel$1 & ( v>i\s ornam5tal patt]ns4 ,new designs ( face plates are con/antly be+ add$ by ! mo/ progressive ma*9e mak]s4 ,block ,ma*9es4--,!re are _m good ma*9es on ! m>ket1 mo/ ( :i* are ( ! same g5]al type1 & diff] only 9 me*anical details4 ,!y may be divid$ into two classes3 ^? ) v]tical & ^? ) horizontal face4 ,9 ! =m] ! face plate /&s v]tically1 & ! block is simply lift$ f ! ma*9e on its base plate z soon z tamp$4 ,9 ! o!r type ! face plate =ms ! bottom ( ! mold2 ! cores are )drawn horizontally1 & by ! motion ( a lev] ! block ) its face plate is tipp$ up into a v]tical position = removal4 ,9 case x is desir$ to put a fac+ on ! blocks1 ma*9es ( ! horizontal-face type are consid]$ ! m conv5i5t1 ?\gh a fac+ may easily be put on ) ! v]tical-face ma*9e by ! use ( a p>t+ plate4 ,blocks ,p\r$ f ,wet ,concrete4--,z already /at$1 concrete made too dry is practically wor?less1 & an excess ( wat] is bett] ?an a defici5cy4 ,! above-describ$ ma*9e process1 9 :i* blocks are tamp$ f damp concrete & at once remov$1 gives blocks ( admirable h>dness & quality if ! maximum ( wat] is us$4 ,a me?od ( mak+ blocks f v wet concrete1 by ! use ( a l>ge numb] ( sep>able molds ( %eet /eel1 into :i* ! wet concrete is p\r$ & 9 :i* ! blocks are left to h>d5 = #bd #fie h\rs or long]1 has come into consid]able use4 ,by ?is me?od blocks ( excell5t h>d5+ & resi/ance to wat] are c]ta9ly obta9$4 ,:e!r ! process is ! equal ( ! ord9>y ma*9e me?od 9 respect ( economy & beauty ( product mu/ be left to ! decision ( ^? :o h _h actual exp]i5ce ) x4 ,! well-kn[n ca/-/one process consi/s 9 p\r+ liquid concrete mixture into a s& mold made f a patt]n 9 a mann] simil> to t 9 :i* molds = iron ca/+s are produc$4 ,! s& absorbs ! surplus wat] f ! liquid mixture1 & ! ca/+ is left 9 ! mold = #bd h\rs or long] until ?or\ghly set4 ,?is process necessitates ! mak+ ( a new s& mold = e ca/+1 & is necess>ily mu* less rapid ?an ! ma*9e me?od4 ,x is less ext5sively us$ = build+ blocks ?an = special ornam5tal ar*itectural "w1 sills1 l9tels1 columns1 capitals1 etc41 & = purposes ( ?is k9d x turns out products ( ! highe/ quality & beauty4 ,tamp+ ( ,concrete ,blocks4--,?is is g5]ally done by means ( h& ramm]s4 ,pneumatic tamp]s1 op]at$ by an air compressor1 are 9 use at a few plants1 app>5tly ) consid]able sav+ 9 "t & labor & improvem5ts 9 quality ( "w4 ,h& tamp+ mu/ be consci5ti\s & ?or\gh1 or poor "w w result4 ,x is important t ! mold %\ld be fill$ a little at a "t1 tamp+ aft] ea* addition2 at lea/ f\r fill+s & tamp+s %\ld be giv5 to ea* block4 ,if ! mixture is wet en\gh no noticeable lay]s w be =m$ by ?is process4 ,h>d5+ & ,/orage4--,triple-deck$ c>s to receive ! blocks f ! ma*9es w be f\nd a great sav+ ( labor1 & are ess5tial 9 factories ( consid]able size4 ,blocks w g5]ally require to be left on ! plates = at lea/ #bd h\rs1 & mu/ !n be kept "u ro(1 9 a well-w>m$ room1 ) frequ5t spr9kl+1 = n less ?an #e days m4 ,!y may !n be pil$ up out ( doors1 & 9 dry wea!r %\ld be wett$ daily ) a hose4 ,alt]nate wett+ & dry+ is especially favorable = ! h>d5+ ( cem5t1 & concrete s treat$ ga9s mu* great] /r5g? ?an if kept cont9u\sly 9 wat] or dry air4 ,blocks %\ld n be us$ 9 build+ until at lea/ #d weeks f ! "t !y are made4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( season+1 blocks w be f\nd to %r9k at lea/ #a_/af in* 9 l5g?1 & if built up 9 a wall :5 fre%ly made1 %r9kage cracks 9 ! jo9ts or across ! blocks w surely appe>4 ,effloresc5ce1 or ! appe>ance ( a :ite coat+ on ! surfaces1 sometimes takes place :5 blocks are repeat$ly saturat$ ) wat] & !n dri$ out2 blocks laid on ! gr\nd are m liable to %[ ?is defect4 ,x results f diffusion ( soluble sulphates ( lime & alkalies to ! surface4 ,x t5ds to disappe> 9 "t1 & r>ely is suffici5t 9 am\nt to cause any compla9t4 ,prop]ties ( ,concrete ,blocks--,/r5g?4--,9 ! use ( concrete blocks = ! walls ( build+s1 ! /ress to :i* !y are subject$ is almo/ entirely "o ( compression4 ,9 compressive /r5g? well-made concrete does n diff] greatly f ord9>y build+ /one4 ,x is difficult to f9d reliable records ( te/s ( s& & gravel concrete1 #a to #d & #a to #e1 su* z is us$ 9 mak+ blocks2 ! foll[+ figures %[ /r5g? ( concrete ( approximately ?is ri*ness1 also ! av]age ( sev]al samples ea* ( well-kn[n build+ /ones1 z /at$ by ! au?orities nam$3 ,lime/one1 ,b$=d1 ,ind4 7,indiana ,geographical ,survey7 #g1gib p\nds ,lime/one1 ,m>blehead1 ,ohio 7,q4 ,a4 ,gillmore7 #g1cic p\nds ,s&/one1 ,n4 ,amh]/1 ,ohio 7,q4 ,a4 ,gillmore7 #e1hca p\nds ,gravel concrete1 #a3a4f3b4h1 at #a ye> 7,c&lot7 #e1ejj p\nds ,gravel concrete1 #a3a4f3c4g1 at #a ye> 7,c&lot7 #e1jej p\nds ,/one concrete1 #a3b3d at #a ye> 7,bo/on ,el4 ,r4 ,r47 #c1ijd p\nds ,actual te/s ( compression /r5g? ( holl[ concrete blocks are difficult to make1 because x is almo/ impossible to apply ! load uni=mly ov] ! :ole surface1 & also because a block #af in*es long & #h in*es wide w be> a load ( #aej1jjj to #bjj1jjj p\nds1 or m ?an ! capacity ( any b ! l>ge/ te/+ ma*9es4 ,?ree "o-qu>t] blocks1 #h in*es long1 #h in*es wide1 & #i in*es high1 ) holl[ space equal to "o-?ird ( ! surface1 te/$ at ! ,case ,s*ool ( ,sci5ce1 %[$ /r5g?s ( #a1hje1 #b1jjj1 & #fif #a1ecj p\nds p] squ>e in*1 respectively1 :5 #aj weeks old4 ,two blocks #f x #h x #i in*es1 #bb mon?s old1 %[$ cru%+ /r5g? ( #b1ecj & #b1faj p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,^! blocks 7 made ( cem5t #a #a_/d p>ts1 lime #a_/b "p1 s& & gravel #f p>ts1 & 7 tamp$ f damp mixture4 ,x is probably safe to assume t ! m9imum cru%+ /r5g? ( well-made blocks1 #a to #e1 is #a1jjj p\nds p] squ>e in* at #a mon? & #b1jjj p\nds at #a ye>4 ,a block #ab in*es wide & #bd in*es long has a total surface ( #bhh squ>e in*es1 or1 d$uct+ #a_/c = op5+s1 a net area ( #aib in*es4 ,su* a block1 #i in*es high1 weighs #acj p\nds4 ,assum+ a /r5g? ( #a1jjj p\nds & a factor ( safety ( #e1 ! safe load w\ld be #bjj p\nds p] squ>e in*1 or #bjj #aib #ch1djj p\nds = ! :ole surface ( ! block4 ,divid+ ?is by ! weight ( ! block1 #acj p\nds1 we f9d t #bie su* blocks c\ld be plac$ "o ^u ano!r1 mak+ a total height ( wall ( #bbb feet1 & /ill ! pressure on ! l[e/ block w\ld be less ?an "o-fif? ( :at x w\ld actually be>4 ,?is %[s h[ greatly ! /r5g? ( concrete blocks exce$s any dem&s t are ev] made ^u x 9 ord9>y build+ con/ruction4 ,! safe load above assum$1 #bjj p\nds1 seems l[ en\gh to gu>d aga9/ any possible failure4 ,9 ,taylor & ,?ompson's "w on concrete1 a safe load ( #dej p\nds = concrete #a to #b to #d is recomm5d$2 ?is all[s a factor ( safety ( #e #a_/b4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,build+ ,code ( ! city ( ,clevel& p]mits concrete to be load$ only to #aej p\nds p] squ>e in*1 & limits ! height ( walls ( #ab-;in* blocks to #dd feet4 ,! pressure ( su* a wall w\ld be only #dj p\nds p] squ>e in*2 add+ ! weight ( two floors at #be p\nds p] squ>e foot ea*1 & ro( ) sn[ & w9d pressure1 #dj p\nds p] squ>e foot1 we f9d t ) a span ( #be feet ! total weight on ! l[e/ blocks w\ld be only #eb p\nds p] squ>e in*1 or ab\t "o-tw5tie? ( _! m9imum compression /r5g?4 ,blocks ) op5+s equal to only "o-?ird ! surface1 z requir$ 9 _m city regulations1 are heavy to h&le1 especially = walls #ab in*es & m 9 ?ickness1 &1 z ! above figures %[1 are enorm\sly /rong] ?an !re is any ne$ (4 ,blocks ) op5+s ( #ej p] c5t w\ld be f> m acceptable to ! build+ trade1 & if us$ 9 walls n ov] #dd feet high1 ) floors & ro( calculat$ z above = #be feet span1 w\ld be load$ only to #ef p\nds p] squ>e in* ( actual surface4 ,?is w\ld give a factor ( safety ( #ah1 assum+ a m9imum compression /r5g? ( #a1jjj p\nds4 ,!re is no d\bt t blocks ) "o-?ird op5+ are inconv5i5tly & unnecess>ily heavy4 ,su* a block1 #cb in*es long1 #ab in*es wide1 & #i in*es high1 has walls ab\t #c #a_/b in*es ?ick1 & weighs #ahj p\nds4 ,a block ) #ej p] c5t op5 space w\ld h walls & p>titions #b in*es 9 ?ickness1 & w\ld weigh ab\t #acj p\nds4 ,) prop] c>e 9 manufacture1 especially by us+ z mu* wat] z possible1 blocks ) ?is ?ickness ( walls may be made ?or\ghly /rong1 s\nd1 & durable4 ,x is c]ta9ly bett] = /r5g? & wat]-resi/+ qualities to make ?9-wall$ blocks ( ri* mixture1 r ?an heavy blocks ( poor & por\s mat]ial4 ,fill+ ! voids ) cem5t is a r exp5sive me?od ( secur+ wat]pro( qualities1 & gives /rong] concretes ?an are ne$$4 ,! same may be accompli%$ m *eaply by replac+ "p ( ! cem5t by slak$ lime1 :i* is an extremely f9e-gra9$ mat]ial1 & !re=e v effective 9 clos+ pores4 ,hydrate lime is ! mo/ conv5i5t mat]ial to use1 b ne>ly z co/ly z ,portl& cem5t at pres5t prices4 ,a #a to #d mixture 9 :i* "o-?ird ! cem5t is replac$ by hydrate lime w be f\nd equal to a #a to #c mixture )\t ! lime4 ,a #a to #d concrete made f cem5t1 #a2 hydrate lime1 #a_/b2 s& & gravel1 #f 7by weight71 w be f\nd fairly wat]-tight1 & mu* sup]ior 9 ?is respect to "o ( ! same ri*ness consi/+ ( cem5t1 #a #a_/b2 s& & gravel1 #f4 ,! co/ ( lime may be greatly r$uc$ by us+ ord9>y lump lime slak$ to a pa/e4 ,! lime mu/1 h[ev]1 be v ?or\ghly hydrat$1 s t no unslak$ fragm5ts may rema9 to make tr\ble by subsequ5t expansion4 ,lime pa/e is also v difficult to mix1 & c be us$ successfully only 9 a concrete mix] ( ! pug-mill type4 ,ord9>y /iff lime pa/e conta9s ab\t #ej p] c5t wat]2 twice z mu* ( x1 by weight1 %\ld !re=e be us$ z ( dry hydrate lime4 ,wat]pro( ,qualities4--,! *ief fault ( concrete build+ blocks1 z ord9>ily made1 is _! t5d5cy to absorb wat]4 ,9 ?is respect !y are g5]ally no #fig worse ?an s&/one or common brick2 x is well kn[n t /one or brick walls are too p]meable to all[ pla/]+ directly on ! inside surface1 & mu/ be furr$ & la!d be=e pla/]+1 to avoid dampness4 ,?is practice is g5]ally foll[$ ) concrete blocks1 b _! use & popul>ity w\ld be greatly increas$ if !y 7 made suffici5tly wat]pro( to all[ pla/]+ directly on ! inside surface4 ,= ?is purpose x is n necess>y t blocks %\ld be p]fectly wat]pro(1 b only t ! absorption ( wat] %all be sl[1 s t x may p5etrate only "p way ?r\gh ! wall dur+ a long-cont9u$ ra94 ,walls made entirely wat]-tight are1 9 fact1 objectionable1 ow+ to _! t5d5cy to 8sweat0 f cond5sation ( moi/ure on ! inside surface4 ,= heal? & com=t1 walls mu/ be slightly por\s1 s t any moi/ure =m$ on ! inside may be gradually absorb$ & c>ri$ away4 ,excessive wat] absorption may be avoid$ 9 ! foll[+ ways3 #a4 ,use ( ,prop]ly ,grad$ ,mat]ials4--,x has be5 %[n by ,f]et & o!rs t porosity & p]meability are two diff]5t ?+s2 porosity is ! total proportion ( voids or op5 spaces 9 ! mass1 :ile p]meability is ! rate at :i* wat]1 "u a giv5 pressure1 w pass ?r\gh x4 ,p]meability dep5ds on ! size ( ! op5+s z well z on _! total am\nt4 ,9 two masses ( ! same porosity or p]c5tage ( voids1 "o consi/+ ( co>se & ! o!r ( f9e p>ticles1 ! p]meability w be great] 9 ! case ( ! co>se mat]ial4 ,! lea/ p]meability1 & also ! lea/ porosity1 are1 h[ev]1 obta9$ by use ( a suitable mixture ( co>se & f9e p>ticles4 ,prop]ly grad$ gravel or scre5+s1 conta9+ pl5ty ( co>se fragm5ts & also en\gh f9e mat]ial to fill up ! pores1 w be f\nd to give a mu* less p]meable concrete ?an f9e or co>se s& us$ alone4 #b4 ,use ( ,ri* ,mixtures4--,all concretes are some:at p]meable by wat] "u suffici5t pressure4 ,mixtures ri* 9 cem5t are ( c\rse mu* less p]meable ?an poor] mixtures4 ,if ! am\nt ( cem5t us$ is m ?an suffici5t to fill ! voids 9 ! s& & gravel1 a v d5se concrete is obta9$1 into :i* ! p5etration ( wat] is extremely sl[4 ,! p]meability also decreases consid]ably ) age1 ow+ to ! gradual cry/allization ( ! cem5t 9 ! pores1 s t concrete :i* is at fir/ q absorb5t may become practically imp]meable aft] exposure to wea!r = a few weeks or mon?s4 ,!re appe>s to be a v decid$ increase 9 p]meability :5 ! cem5t is r$uc$ bel[ ! am\nt necess>y to fill ! voids4 ,= example1 a well-mix$ s& & gravel weigh+ #abc p\nds p] cubic foot1 & !re=e conta9+ #be p] c5t voids1 w give a fairly imp]meable concrete 9 mixtures up to #a to #d1 b ) less cem5t w be f\nd q absorb5t4 ,a gravel ) only #bj p] c5t voids w\ld give ab\t equally good results ) a #a to #e mixture2 su* gravel is1 h[ev]1 r>ely met ) 9 practice4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! be/ s&1 mix$ f9e & co>se1 seldom conta9s less ?an #cc p] c5t voids1 & concrete made f su* mat]ial w prove p]meable if poor] ?an #a to #c4 #c4 ,use ( a ,fac+4--,p5etration ( wat] may be effectively prev5t$ by giv+ ! blocks a fac+ ( ri*] mixture ?an ! body4 ,= ! sake ( smoo? appe>ance1 fac+s are g5]ally made ( cem5t & f9e s&1 & x is (t5 notic$ t ^! d n h>d5 well4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t a #a to #c s& mixture is no /rong] & little if any bett] 9 wat] absorption ?an a #a to #e mixture ( well-grad$ s& & gravel4 ,to secure good h>dness & resi/ance to moi/ure a fac+ z ri* z #a to #b %\ld be us$4 #d4 ,use ( an ,imp]vi\s ,p>tition4--,:5 blocks are made on a horizontal-face ma*9e1 x is a simple matt]1 aft] ! face is tamp$ & cores pu%$ into place1 to ?r[ into ea* op5+ a small am\nt ( ri* & r wet mort>1 spread ?is fairly ev5ly1 & !n g on tamp+ 9 ! ord9>y mixture until ! mold is fill$4 ,a d5se lay] across ea* ( ! cross walls is ?us obta9$1 :i* effectually prev5ts moi/ure f pass+ beyond x4 ,a me?od ( accompli%+ ! same result ) v]tical-face ma*9es1 by ins]t+ tap]$ wood5 blocks 9 ! middle ( ! cross walls1 )draw+ ^! blocks aft] tamp+1 & fill+ ! spaces ) ri* mort>1 has be5 pat5t$4 ,9 ! two-piece sy/em ! p5etration ( moi/ure ?r\gh ! wall is prev5t$ by leav+ an empty space betwe5 ! web ( ! block & ! inside face1 or by fill+ ?is space ) ri* mort>4 #e4 ,use ( ,wat]pro( ,comp\nds4--,!re are comp\nds on ! m>ket1 ( a fatty or waxy nature1 :i*1 :5 mix$ ) cem5t to ! am\nt ( #fih only #a or #b p] c5t ( its weight1 increase its wat]-resi/+ qualities 9 a rem>kable degree4 ,by ?or\ghly mix+ #a to #b p\nds ( suitable comp\nd ) ea* sack ( cem5t us$1 blocks :i* are practically wat]pro( may be made1 at v small additional co/1 f #a to #d or #a to #e mixtures4 ,9 pur*as+ wat]pro( comp\nd1 h[ev]1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to select su* z has be5 prov$ to be p]man5t 9 its effect1 & "s ( ! mat]ials us$ = ?is purpose lose _! effect aft] a few days' exposure to wea!r1 & are entirely wor?less4 #f4 ,application to ,surface aft] ,erect+4--,v>i\s wa%es1 to make concrete & /one imp]vi\s to wat]1 h be5 us$ ) "s success4 ,among ^! ! be/ kn[n is ! ,sylve/] wa% ( alum & soap solution4 ,x is /at$ t ?is requires frequ5t r5ewal1 & x is h>dly likely to prove ( any value 9 ! concrete indu/ry4 ,! writ]'s exp]i5ce has be5 t ! mo/ effective rem$y1 9 case a concrete build+ proves damp1 is to give ! outside walls a v ?9 wa% ( cem5t susp5d$ 9 wat]4 ,"o or two coats w be f\nd suffici5t4 ,if too ?ick a coat+ is =m$ x w %[ hair cracks4 ,! effect ( ! cem5t wa% is to make ! walls appe> light] 9 color1 & if ! coat+ is ?9 ! appe>ance is 9 no way injur$4 ,g5]al ,h9ts on ,wat]pro( ,qualities4--,to obta9 good wat]-resi/+ prop]ties ! fir/ precaution is to make ! concrete suffici5tly wet4 ,dry-tamp$ backs1 ev5 f ri* mixture1 w always be por\s & absorb5t1 :ile ! same mixture 9 pla/ic condition w give blocks :i* are d5se1 /rong1 & wat]-tight4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ?is respect is %[n by ! foll[+ te/s ( small concrete blocks1 made by ! writ]4 ,! concrete us$ 0 made ( #a "p cem5t & #e p>ts mix$ f9e & co>se s&1 by weight4 ,no4 #a4 ,) #h p] c5t wat]1 r dry] ?an ord9>y block concrete1 tamp$ 9 mold4 ,no4 #b4 ,) #aj p] c5t wat]1 tamp$ 9 ! mold1 & ! mold remov$ at once4 ,no4 #c4 ,) #be p] c5t wat]1 p\r$ into a mold re/+ on a flat surface ( dry s&2 aft] #a h\r ! surface 0 tr[el$ smoo?2 mold n remov$ until set4 ,^! blocks 7 all[$ to h>d5 a week 9 moi/ air1 !n dri$4 ,! weights1 voids1 & wat] absorption 7 z foll[s3 #a #b #c ,damp- ,wet- ,p\r$ tamp$ tamp$ ,weight1 p] cubic foot1 p\nds #abb4b #abc4i #aaj4j ,voids1 calculat$1 p] c5t ( volume #be4i #bd4i #cc4c ,wat] requir$ to fill voids1 p] c5t ( weight #i4h #i4d #ab4e ,wat] absorb$1 aft] #b h\rs1 p] c5t ( weight #h4h #f4d #aj4e ,! rate at :i* ^! blocks absorb$ wat] 0 !n det]m9$ by dry+ !m ?or\ghly1 !n plac+ !m 9 a tray conta9+ wat] #a_/d in* 9 dep?1 & weigh+ !m at int]vals4 #a #b #c ,damp- ,wet- ,p\r$ tamp$ tamp$ #a_/b h\r #b4j #j4i #a4h #a h\r #c4b #a4a #b4e #b h\rs #d4a #a4f #c4b #d h\rs #e4b #b4j #c4h #bd h\rs #f4a #c4d #g4j #dh h\rs #f4d #d4c #g4e ,^! figures %[ t concrete :i* is suffici5tly wet to be ?or\ghly pla/ic absorbs wat] mu* m sl[ly ?an dry] concrete1 & prove ! importance ( us+ z mu* wat] z possible 9 ! damp-tamp+ process4 ,co/4--,concrete blocks c be sold & laid up at a good pr(it at #be c5ts p] cubic foot ( wall4 ,common r$ brick co/s 7at ?is writ+7 g5]ally ab\t #ab p] ?\s&1 laid4 ,at #bd to ! cubic foot1 a ?\s& brick are equal to #da4g cubic foot ( wall2 or1 #ab1 #bi c5ts p] cubic foot4 ,brick walls ) press$ brick fac+ co/ f #dj c5ts to #ej c5ts p] cubic foot1 & dress$ /one f #a to #a4ej p] foot4 ,! factory co/ ( concrete blocks v>ies accord+ to ! co/ ( mat]ials4 ,let u assume cem5t to be #a4ej p] b>rel ( #chj p\nds1 & s& & gravel #be c5ts p] ton4 ,) a #a to #d mixture1 #a b>rel cem5t w make #a1ijj p\nds ( solid concrete1 or at #acj p\nds p] cubic foot1 #ad4f cubic feet4 ,! co/ ( mat]ials w !n be3 ,cem5t1 #chj p\nds #a4ej ,s& & gravel1 #a1ejj p\nds #j4ai ,total #a4fi or #aa4e c5ts p] cubic foot solid concrete4 ,n[1 blocks #i in*es high & #cb in*es long make #b squ>e feet ( face ( wall1 ea*4 ,blocks ( ?is height #fii & l5g?1 #h in*es ?ick1 make #a #a_/c cubic feet ( wall2 & blocks #ab in*es ?ick make #b cubic feet ( wall4 ,f ^! figures we may calculate ! co/ ( mat]ials = ^! blocks1 ) cores or op5+s equal to #a_/c or #a_/b ! total volume1 z foll[s3 ,p] cubic foot ( block1 #a_/c op5+ #g4g cts4 ,p] cubic foot ( block1 #a_/b op5+ #e4h cts4 ,block #h x #i x #cb in*es1 #a_/c op5+ #aj4c cts4 ,block #h x #i x #cb in*es1 #a_/b op5+ #g4g cts4 ,block #ab x #i x #cb in*es1 #a_/c op5+ #ae4d cts4 ,block #ab x #i x #cb in*es1 #a_/b op5+ #aa4f cts4 ,if "o-?ird ( ! cem5t is replac$ by hydrate lime ! quality ( ! blocks w be improv$1 & ! co/ ( mat]ial r$uc$ ab\t #aj p] c5t4 ,! co/ ( labor requir$ 9 manufactur+1 h&l+1 & deliv]+ blocks w v>y ) ! locality & ! size & equipm5t ( factory4 ,) h& mix+1 #c m5 at an av]age ( #a4ge ea* w easily make #ge #h-;in* or #ej #ab-;in* blocks1 ) #a_/c op5+s1 p] day4 ,! labor co/ = ^! sizes ( blocks w !re=e be #g c5ts & #aj #a_/b c5ts respectively4 ,at a factory equipp$ ) p[] concrete mix] & c>s = transport+ blocks1 9 :i* a numb] ( ma*9es are kept busy1 ! labor co/ w be consid]ably less4 ,an ext5sive indu/ry locat$ 9 a l>ge city is1 h[ev]1 subject to _m exp5ses :i* are avoid$ 9 a small c\ntry plant1 su* z high wages1 managem5t1 (fice r5t1 adv]tis+1 etc41 s t ! total co/ ( production is likely to be ab\t ! same 9 bo? cases4 ,a fair e/imate ( total factory co/ is z foll[s3 ,mat]ial ,labor ,total #h x #cb in*1 #a_/c space #aj4c #g #ag4c cts4 #h x #cb in*1 #a_/b space #g4g #f #ac4g cts4 #ab x #cb in*1 #a_/c space #ae4d #aj4e #be4i cts4 #ab x #cb in*1 #a_/b space #aa4f #i #bj4f cts4 ,) fair all[ance = outside exp5ses & pr(it1 #h-;in* blocks may be sold at #cj c5ts & #ab-;in* at #dj c5ts ea*4 ,= lay+ #ab-;in* blocks 9 ! wall1 contractors g5]ally figure ab\t #aj c5ts ea*4 ,add+ #e c5ts = team+1 ! blocks w co/ #ee c5ts ea*1 erect$1 or #bg #a_/b c5ts p] cubic foot ( wall4 ,?is is less ?an ! co/ ( common brick1 & ! above figures %[ t ?is price c\ld be %ad$ some:at1 if necess>y1 to meet competition4--,s4 ,b4 ,newb]ry 9 a monograph issu$ by ! ,am]ican ,association ( ,portl& ,cem5t ,manufactur]s4 ,artificial ,m>bles4--,i4--,! mass us$ by ,beaumel consi/s ( alum & heavy sp> 7b>ium sulphate7 ) addition ( wat] & ! requisite pigm5ts4 ,! foll[+ proportions h be5 f\nd to be s]viceable3 ,alum1 #a1jjj p>ts2 heavy sp>1 #aj to #ajj p>ts2 wat]1 #ajj p>ts2 ! am\nt ( heavy sp> be+ gov]n$ by ! degree ( transluc5ce desir$4 ,! alum is dissolv$ 9 wat] ) ! use ( heat4 ,z soon z ! solution boils ! heavy sp> is mix$ 91 /irr$ ) wat] & ! pigm5t2 ?is is !n boil$ d[n until ! mixture has lo/ ab\t #c p] c5t ( its weight1 at :i* mom5t ! mass exhibits a d5sity ( #cd ,b4 at a temp]ature ( #bab ,f4 ,! mixture is all[$ to cool ) con/ant /irr+ until ! sub/ance is semi-liquid4 ,! resultant mass is p\r$ into a mold cov]$ on ! inside ) sev]al lay]s ( collodion & ! ca/ p]mitt$ to cool completely 9 ! mold1 :]eupon x is tak5 out & dri$ entirely 9 an airy room4 ,subsequ5tly ! object may be poli%$1 pat9iz$1 or f9i%$ 9 "s o!r way4 ,,ii4--,imitation ,black ,m>ble4--,a black m>ble ( simil> "* to t export$ f ,belgium--! latt] product be+ simply prep>$ slate--may be produc$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! slate suitable = ! purpose is fir/ smoo?ly poli%$ ) a s&/one1 s t no visible impression is made on x ) a *isel--?is be+ r\gh--aft] :i* x is poli%$ f9ely ) artificial pumice /one1 & la/ly f9i%$ ) extremely light natural pumice /one1 ! surface !n pres5t+ a s(t1 velvet-l appe>ance4 ,aft] dry+ & ?or\ghly heat+ ! f9ely poli%$ surface is impregnat$ ) a heat$ mixture ( oil & f9e lampblack4 ,?is is all[$ to rema9 #ab h\rs2 &1 accord+ to :e!r ! slate us$ is m or less gray1 ! process is repeat$ until ! gray appe>ance is lo/4 ,poli%+ ?or\ghly ) em]y on a l95 rag foll[s1 & ! f9i%+ poli% is done ) t9 a%es1 to :i* is add$ "s lampblack4 ,a f9i% be+ made ?us1 wax dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e1 ) "s lampblack1 is spread on ! poli%$ plate & w>m$ aga91 :i* aft] a :ile is rubb$ (f vigor\sly ) a #gjj clean l95 rag4 ,treat$ ?us1 ! slate has ! appe>ance ( black m>ble4 ,,/one ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,/one ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,/ones ,,= ,,%>p5+3 ,see ,tool ,sett+ & ,:et/ones4 ,,/ones 7,,preci\s71 ,,imitation ,,(3 ,see ,gems1 ,artificial4 ,,/onew>e3 ,see ,c]amics4 ,,/onew>e ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives & ,lutes4 ,,/opp]s4 ,i4--,to make an anti-leak & lubricat+ mixture = plug-cocks use #b p>ts ( tri$ suet & #a "p ( beeswax melt$ toge!r2 /ir ?or\ghly1 /ra91 & cool4 ,,ii4--,a mixture = mak+ glass /opp]s tight is made by melt+ toge!r equal p>ts ( glyc]9e & p>aff9e4 ,to ,loos5 a ,glass ,/opp]4--,i4--,make a mixture ( ,alcohol #b dra*ms ,glyc]9e #a dra*m ,sodium *loride #a dra*m ,let a portion ( ?is /& 9 ! space above ! /opp] = a few h\rs1 :5 a slight tap w loos5 ! /opp]4 ,,ii4--,a circul> adju/able clamp1 to :i* is atta*$ a /rip ( asbe/os 9 :i* coils ( plat9um wire are imb$d$1 is obta9$4 ,by plac+ ?is on ! neck ( ! bottle1 & pass+ a curr5t ( electricity ?r\gh ! coils ( wire1 suffici5t heat w be g5]at$ to exp& ! neck & lib]ate ! /opp]4 ,heat may also be g5]at$ by pass+ a y>d ( cord once ar\nd ! bottle neck &1 by tak+ "o end ( ! cord 9 ea* h&1 draw+ x rapidly back & =?4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! cont5ts ( ! bottle are n spill$ on ! h& or ?r[n into ! face :5 ! /opp] does come out--or :5 ! bottle breaks4 ,,/opp] ,,lubricants3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,/ove ,,poli%3 ,see also ,poli%es4 ,! foll[+ =mula gives a liquid /ove black+3 ,graphite1 9 f9e p[d] #a p\nd ,lampblack #a ounce ,ros9 #d ounces ,turp5t9e #a gallon ,! mixture mu/ be well %ak5 :5 us$1 & mu/ n be appli$ :5 !re is a fire or light ne> on acc\nt ( ! inflammability ( ! vapor4 ,?is =m may be e/eem$ a conv5i5ce by "s1 b ! ros9 & turp5t9e w1 ( c\rse1 give rise to "s disagreeable odor on fir/ heat+ ! /ove1 aft] ! liquid is appli$4 ,graphite is ! f\ndation +r$i5t 9 _m /ove poli%es2 lampblack1 :i* is sometimes add$1 z 9 ! =ego+ =mula1 deep5s ! color1 b ! latt] =m ( c>bon is ( c\rse mu* m readily burn$ (f ?an ! =m]4 ,graphite may be appli$ by m]ely mix+ ) wat]1 & !n no odor foll[s ! heat+ ( ! iron4 ,! coat+ mu/ be well rubb$ ) a bru% to obta9 a good lu/]4 ,! solid cakes ( /ove poli% f\nd 9 ! m>ket are made by subject+ ! p[d]$ graphite1 mix$ ) _s ( turp5t9e1 to great pressure4 ,!y h to be r$uc$ to p[d] & mix$ ) wat] be=e be+ appli$4 ,any ( !m mu/ be well rubb$ ) a bru% aft] application to give a h&some f9i%4 ,,/ove ,,cem5t3 ,see ,cem5t4 ,,/ove ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,comp\nds4 ,,/ove ,,lacqu]3 ,see ,lacqu]s4 ,,/ove ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,/ramonium1 ,,antidote ,,=3 ,see ,atrop9e4 ,,/rap ,,lubricant3 ,see ,lubricant4 ,,/raw ,,firepro(+3 ,see ,firepro(+4 ,,/rawb]ries1 ,,froz53 ,see ,ice ,creams4 ,,/rawb]ry ,,juice3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,/raw-,,hat ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,/raw-,,hat ,,dyes3 ,see ,hats4 #gja ,,/ropp+ ,,pa/es3 ,see ,razor ,pa/es4 ,,/yptics4 ,/yptics are sub/ances :i* arre/ local ble$+4 ,creosote1 tannic acid1 alcohol1 alum1 & mo/ ( ! a/r+5t salts belong to ?is class4 ,broc*i]i's ,/yptic4--,a no/rum consi/+ ( ! wat] di/ill$ f p9e tops4 ,helvetius's ,/yptic4--,iron fil+s 7f9e7 & cream ( t>t> mix$ to a prop] consi/5ce ) ,fr5* br&y4 ,eaton's ,/yptic4--,a solution ( sulphate disguis$ by ! addition ( "s unimportant sub/ances4 ,helvetius's /yptic 0 = a long "t employ$ "u ?is title4 ,/yptic ,pa/e ( ,gutta ,p]*a4--,gutta p]*a1 #a ounce2 ,/ockholm t>1 #a #a_/b or #b ounces2 creosote1 #a dra*m2 %ellac1 #a ounce2 or quantity suffici5t to r5d] x suffici5tly h>d4 ,to be boil$ toge!r ) con/ant /irr+1 till x =ms a homog5e\s mass4 ,= alveol> hemorrhage1 & z a /yptic 9 too?a*e4 ,to be s(t5$ by mold+ ) ! f+]s4 ,,sulphate ,,/a9s1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,sultana ,,roll3 ,see ,ice ,creams4 ,,sunburn ,,rem$ies3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,sutures ,,( ,,catgut1 ,,_! ,,prep>ation3 ,see ,catgut4 ,,syndeticon3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,syrups 7,see also ,ess5ces & ,extracts47 ,! syrups %\ld ei!r be made f ! be/ granulat$ sug>1 free f ultram>9e1 or else rock-c&y syrup4 ,if ! =m]1 pure di/ill$ wat] %\ld be us$ 9 mak+ ! syrup1 z only 9 ?is mann] c a syrup be obta9$ t w be free f impurities & odor4 ,!re are two me?ods by :i* syrup c be made1 namely1 by ! cold process1 or by boil+4 ,! advantage ( ! =m] is its conv5i5ce2 ( ! latt]1 t x has bett] keep+ qualities4 ,9 ! cold process1 ! sug> is ei!r /irr$ up 9 ! wat] until x is dissolv$1 or wat] is p]colat$ or filt]$ ?r\gh ! sug>1 ?us =m+ a solution4 ,9 ! hot process1 ! sug> is simply dissolv$ 9 ! wat] by ! aid ( heat1 /irr+ until solution is effect$4 ,! /r5g? ( ! syrup = f\nta9 use %\ld be ab\t #f p\nds 9 ! gallon ( f9i%$ syrup2 x is be/1 h[ev]1 to make ! /ock syrup heavi]1 z x w keep mu* bett]1 us+ #ae p\nds ( granulat$ sug>1 & #a gallon ( wat]4 ,:5 want$ = use x c be dilut$ to ! prop] d5sity ) wat]4 ,! syrups ( ! m>ket are ( ?is conc5trat$ v>iety4 ,unless ! ap>tm5ts ( ! disp5s] are l>g] ?an is usual1 x is (t5 be/ to buy ! syrup1 ! diff]5ce 9 co/ be+ s small t :5 ! "t is tak5 into consid]ation ! pr(it is entirely lo/4 ,foam$ syrups %\ld1 h[ev]1 nev] be pur*as$2 !y are ei!r contam9at$ ) =eign flavor1 or are m prone to f]m5tation ?an pla9 syrup4 ,fruit ,syrups4--,^! may be prep>$ f fruit juices1 & ! desir$ quantity ( syrup1 !n add+ soda foam1 color1 & g5]ally a small am\nt ( fruit-acid solution4 ,!y may also be made by r$uc+ ! conc5trat$ fruit syrups ( ! m>ket ) syrup1 o!rwise proce$+ z above4 ,z ! fruit juices & conc5trat$ syrups always h a tri$ =mula atta*$1 x is ne$less to use space = ?is purpose4 ,:5 a flavor is weak x may be =tifi$ by add+ a small am\nt ( flavor+ extract1 b "u no condition %\ld a syrup flavor$ entirely ) an ess5ce be h&$ out to ! consum] z a fruit syrup1 = !re is really no great resemblance betwe5 ! two4 ,fruit syrups may be disp5s$ solid by add+ ! syrup to ! soda wat] & /irr+ ) a spoon4 ,use no?+ b ! be/ +r$i5ts 9 mak+ syrups4 ,pres]vation ( ,syrups4--,! pres]vation ( syrups is purely a ph>maceutical "q4 ,!y mu/ be made "r 9 ord] to keep "r4 ,syrups1 p>ticul>ly fruit syrups1 mu/ be kept aseptic1 especially :5 made )\t heat4 ,! conta9]s %\ld be made ( glass1 porcela91 or pure block t91 s t !y may be /]iliz$1 & %\ld be easily & quickly remov$1 s t ! op]ation may be effect$ ) promptness & facility4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! op]ation ( /]ilization is #gjb v simple1 consi/+ 9 scald+ ! article ) boil+ wat]4 ,no syrup %\ld ev] be fill$ into a conta9] )\t fir/ /]iliz+ ! conta9]4 ,! fruit acids1 9 ! pres5ce ( sug>1 s]ve z a m$ia = ! gr[? & developm5t ( g]m life ^u exposure to ! air4 ,h5ce ! employm5t ( heat z pa/eurization & /]ilization 9 ! pres]v+ ( fruits1 etc4 ,a pure fruit syrup1 fill$ into a glass bottle1 porcela9 j>1 or block-t9 c1 :i* has be5 r5d]$ /]ile ) boil+ wat]1 ma9ta9$ at a cool temp]ature1 w keep = any reasonable l5g? ( "t4 ,all dang] ( fractur+ ! glass1 by p\r+ wat] into x1 may be obviat$ by fir/ wett+ ! int]ior ( ! bottle ) cold wat]4 ,! fruits = syrups mu/ n only be fully ripe1 b !y mu/ be us$ imm$iately aft] ga!r+4 ,! fruit mu/ be fre$ f /ems1 se$s1 etc41 fill$ into lightly ti$ l95 sacks1 & ?us subject$ to pressure1 to obta9 _! juices4 ,imm$iately aft] pressure ! juice %\ld be heat$ quickly to #afg ,f41 & filt]$ ?r\gh a felt bag4 ,! filtrate %\ld fall directly ^u ! sug> necess>y to make x a syrup4 ,! heat+ s]ves ! purpose ( coagulat+ ! album9\s bodies pres5t 9 ! juices1 & ?us to purify ! latt]4 ,syrups ?us prep>$ h n only a mo/ agreeable1 fre% ta/e1 b are v /able1 rema9+ 9 a good condition = ye>s4 ,h9ts on ,prep>ation ( ,syrups4--,keep ! extracts 9 a cool1 d>k place4 ,nev] add flavor+ extracts to hot syrup4 ,x w cause !m to evaporate1 & weak5 ! flavor4 ,keep all ! mix+ ut5sils scrupul\sly clean4 ,nev] mix fruit syrups1 nor let !m /& 9 ! same vessels 9 :i* s>sap>illa1 g+]1 & simil> extract flavors are mix$ & kept4 ,if possible1 always use di/ill$ wat] 9 mak+ syrup4 ,nev] all[ a syrup conta9+ acid to come 9 contact ) any metal except pure block t94 ,clean ! syrup j>s ea* "t be=e refill+4 ,keep all packages ( conc5trat$ syrups & cru%$ fruits tightly cork$4 ,mix only a small quantity ( cru%$ fruit 9 ! b[l at a "t1 s z to h x always fre%4 ,h[ to ,make ,simple ,syrups--,hot ,process4--,put #be p\nds granulat$ sug> 9 a l>ge pail1 or kettle1 & p\r on & /ir hot wat] en\gh to make #d gallons1 m or less dep5d+ on h[ ?ick ! syrup is desir$4 ,!n /ra9 :ile hot ?r\gh f9e *eese clo?4 ,cold ,process4--,by agitation4 ,sug>1 #be p\nds2 wat]1 #b gallons4 ,put ! sug> 9 a conta9]1 add ! wat]1 & agitate ) a wood5 paddle until ! sug> is dissolv$4 ,an e>!nw>e j> ) a cov] & a faucet at ! bottom makes a v conv5i5t conta9]4 ,cold ,process4--,by p]colation4 ,a good1 easy way to keep syrup on h& all ! "t3 ,h made a galvaniz$ iron p]colator1 #b feet long1 #h in*es across top1 & #d in*es at base1 ) a #d-;in* wire sieve 9 bottom4 ,f9i% ! bottom 9 %ape ( a funnel4 ,put a syrup faucet 9 a b>rel1 & set on a box1 s t ! syrup c be drawn into a gallon measure4 ,bore a hole 9 ! b>rel head1 & ins]t ! p]colator4 ,fill ?ree-f\r?s full ( sug>1 & fill ) wat]4 ,z fa/ z ! syrup runs into ! b>rel fill ! p]colator1 always putt+ 9 pl5ty ( sug>4 ,by ?is me?od #bj to #be gallons heavy syrup c be made 9 a day4 ,rock-,c&y ,syrup4--,sug>1 #cb p\nds2 wat]1 #b gallons4 ,put ! sug> & wat] 9 a suitable conta9]1 set on /ove1 & keep /irr+ until ! mixture boils up once4 ,/ra9 & all[ to cool4 ,:5 cool !re w be on top a cru/1 or film1 ( cry/alliz$ sug>4 ,/ra9 aga9 to remove ?is film1 & ! product w be :at is commonly kn[n z rock-c&y syrup4 ,?is may be r$uc$ ) "o-fif? ( its bulk ( wat] :5 want$ = use4 ,,colors ,,= ,,syrups3 ,c>amel4--,place #c p\nds ( cru%$ sug> 9 a kettle ) #a p9t ( wat]1 & heat4 ,! sug> w at fir/ dissolve1 b z ! wat] evaporates a solid mass w be =m$4 ,?is mu/ be brok5 up4 ,cont9ue to heat1 ) con/ant /irr+1 until ! mass has aga9 become liquefi$4 ,keep on a sl[ fire until ! mass becomes v d>k2 !n remove ! kettle f ! fire & p\r 9 sl[ly #c p9ts ( boil+ wat]4 ,set ! kettle back on ! fire & p]mit cont5ts to boil = a %ort "t1 !n remove1 & cool4 ,add simple syrup to produce any requir$ consi/5cy4 ,blue4-- ,i4--,indigo c>m9e #a "p ,wat] #bj p>ts ,indigo c>m9e may usually be obta9$ comm]cially2 ,,ii4--,t9cture ( indigo also makes a h>mless blue4 #gjc ,sap ,blue4-- ,d>k blue #c p>ts ,grape sug> #a "p ,wat] #f p>ts ,gre54--,! addition ( indigo-c>m9e solution to any yell[ solution w give v>i\s %ades ( gre54 ,indigo c>m9e add$ to a mixture ( t9cture ( crocus & glyc]9e w give a f9e gre5 color4 ,a solution ( comm]cial *lorophyll yields grass-gre5 %ades4 ,p9k4-- ,i4--,c>m9e #a "p ,liquor potass #f p>ts ,rose wat] to make #dh p>ts ,mix4 ,if ! color is too high1 dilute ) di/ill$ wat] until ! requir$ t9t is obta9$4 ,,ii4--,soak r$-apple p>+s 9 ,cali=nia br&y4 ,! addition ( rose leaves makes a f9e flavor+ z well z color+ ag5t4 ,r$4-- ,c>m9e1 ,no4 #dj #a "p ,/rong ammonia wat] #d p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] to make #bd p>ts ,rub up ! c>m9e & ammonia wat] & to ! solution add ! wat] "u trituration4 ,if1 9 /&+1 ?is %[s a t5d5cy to sep>ate1 a drop or two ( wat] ( ammonia w correct ! tr\ble4 ,?is /atem5t %\ld be put on ! label ( ! bottle z ! volatile ammonia soon escapes ev5 9 glass-/opp]$ vials4 ,v>i\s %ades ( r$ may be obta9$ by us+ fruit juices1 su* z black *]ry1 raspb]ry1 etc41 & also ! t9ctures ( sudbe>1 alkanet1 r$ saund]s1 ery?roxylon1 etc4 ,orange4-- ,t9cture ( r$ s&alwood #a "p ,e!real t9cture ( ,orlean1 q4 s4 ,add ! orlean t9cture to ! s&alwood gradually until ! desir$ t9t is obta9$4 ,a r$ color add$ to a yell[ "o gives an orange color4 ,purple4--,a mixture ( t9cture ( indigo1 or a solution ( indigo c>m9e1 add$ to co*9eal r$ gives a f9e purple4 ,yell[4--,v>i\s %ades ( yell[ may be obta9$ by ! mac]ation ( saffron or turm]ic 9 alcohol until a /rong t9cture is obta9$4 ,dilute ) wat] until ! desir$ t9t is rea*$4 ,,syrup1 ,,table3 ,see ,tables4 ,tables ,,alcohol ,,dilution4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! p]c5tage1 by weight1 ( alcohol ( #ie p] c5t & ( di/ill$ wat] to make #a lit] 7ab\t #a qu>t71 or #a kilogram 7#b4b p\nds71 ( alcohol ( v>i\s dilutions4 ,,table ,,= ,,! ,,dilution ,,( ,,alcohol4 #a ,lit] #a ,kilogram conta9s ,specific conta9s ,p]c5tage ,p]c5tage ,gravity by ,weight4 by ,volume4,alcohol ,di/ill$ at #fj ,f4 ,alcohol ,di/ill$ #ie4 ,wat]4 #ie4 ,wat]4 ,gms4 ,gms4 ,gms4 ,gms4 #e #db4hg #iej4ac #j4iic #dc4ag #ief4hc #c4ii #aj #he4hi #ijj4aa #j4ihf #hg4aa #iab4hi #h4je #ae #abh4hg #heb4ac #j4iha #aca4cg #hfh4fc #ab4ad #bj #aga4hc #hjd4ag #j4igf #agf4jf #hbc4id #af4bg #be #bad4gg #gef4bc #j4iga #bba4ah #ggh4hb #bj4dd #cj #beg4ic #gjg4jg #j4ife #bfg4bh #gcb4gb #bd4gj #ce #cjj4gd #feh4bf #j4iei #cac4fj #fhf4dj #bh4ih #dj #cdc4gg #fjh4bc #j4ieb #cfa4aj #fch4ij #cc4cg #de #chf4ge #eeg4be #j4idd #dji4fi #eij4ca #cg4hf #ej #dbi4fe #ejd4ce #j4icd #dfj4ja #eci4ii #db4ea #ee #dgb4fd #dea4cf #j4ibd #eaa4eb #dhh4dh #dg4bg #fj #eae4fj #cih4dj #j4iad #efd4aa #dce4hi #eb4ac #fe #eeh4fa #cdc4ci #j4ijb #fai4cj #chj4gj #eg4bc #gj #fja4ee #bhh4de #j4hij #fge4ij #cbd4aj #fb4df #ge #fdd4eh #bcb4db #j4hgg #gcd4ih #bfe4jb #fg4ib #hj #fhg4eg #agf4dc #j4hfd #gie4hj #bjd4bj #gc4ed #he #gcj4ea #ai4di #j4hej #hei4dc #adj4eg #gi4db #ij #ggc4ec #j4dg #j4hcd #ibg4di #gb4ea #he4ga ,capacities ( ,common ,ut5sils4--,= ord9>y measur+ purposes a w9eglass may be said to hold #b ounces4 ,a tablespoon1 #a_/b ounce4 ,a dess]tspoon1 #a_/d ounce4 ,a teaspoon1 #a_/h ounce1 or #a dra*m4 ,a teacupful ( sug> weighs #a_/b p\nd4 ,?ree tablespoonfuls weigh #a_/d p\nd4 ,cook's ,table4--,two teacupfuls 7well heap$7 ( c(fee & ( sug> weigh #a p\nd4 ,two teacupfuls 7level7 ( granulat$ sug> weigh #a p\nd4 ,two teacupfuls s(t butt] 7well pack$7 weigh #a p\nd4 ,"o & "o-?ird p9ts ( p[d]$ sug> weigh #a p\nd4 ,two tablespoonfuls ( p[d]$ sug> or fl\r weigh #a p\nd4 ,f\r teaspoonfuls are equal to #a tablespoon4 ,two & "o-half teacupfuls 7level7 ( ! be/ br[n sug> weigh #a p\nd4 ,two & ?ree-f\r?s teacupfuls 7level7 ( p[d]$ sug> weigh #a p\nd4 ,"o tablespoonful 7well heap$7 ( granulat$ or be/ br[n sug> equals #a ounce4 #gjd ,"o g5]\s p9t ( liquid1 or #a p9t f9ely *opp$ meat1 pack$ solidly1 weighs #a p\nd4 ,table ( ,drops4--,us$ 9 e/imat+ ! am\nt ( a flavor+ extract necess>y to flavor a gallon ( syrup4 ,bas$ on ! assumption ( #dej drops be+ equal to #a ounce4 ,"o drop ( extract to an ounce ( syrup is equal to #b dra*ms to a gallon4 ,two drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #d #a_/b dra*ms to a gallon4 ,?ree drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #f #a_/b dra*ms to a gallon4 ,f\r drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #a ounce & #a dra*m to a gallon4 ,five drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #a ounce & #c #a_/h dra*ms to a gallon4 ,six drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #a ounce & #e #a_/b dra*ms to a gallon4 ,sev5 drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #b ounces to ! gallon4 ,eight drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #b ounces & #b #a_/b dra*ms to a gallon4 ,n9e drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #b ounces & #d #a_/b dra*ms to a gallon4 ,t5 drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #b ounces & #f #c_/d dra*ms to a gallon4 ,twelve drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #c ounces & #c #a_/d dra*ms to a gallon4 ,f\rte5 drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #d ounces to a gallon4 ,sixte5 drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #d ounces & #d #a_/h dra*ms to a gallon4 ,eighte5 drops ( extract to an ounce ( syrup are equal to #e ounces & #a dra*m to a gallon4 ,,note4--,! e/imate #dej drops to ! ounce1 :ile accurate & reliable en\gh 9 ?is p>ticul> relation1 mu/ n be reli$ ^u = v exact purposes1 9 :i*1 z has frequ5tly be5 demon/rat$1 ! drop v>ies )9 a v wide range1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! liquid1 its consi/5cy1 specific gravity1 temp]ature2 ! size & %ape ( ! ap]ture f :i* x is all[$ to escape1 etc4 ,fluid ,measure4--,u4 ,s4 ,/&>d1 or ,w9e ,measure4--,sixty m9ims are equal to #a fluidra*m4 ,eight fluidra*ms are equal to #a fluid\nce4 ,sixte5 fluid\nces are equal to #a p9t4 ,two p9ts are equal to #a qu>t4 ,f\r qu>ts are equal to #a gallon4 ,"o p9t ( di/ill$ wat] weighs ab\t #a p\nd4 ,p]c5tage ,solutions4--,to prep>e ! foll[+ approximately correct solutions1 dissolve ! am\nt ( m$icam5t indicat$ 9 suffici5t wat] to make "o imp]ial p9t4 ,= #a_/ej p] c5t1 or #a 9 #e1jjj solution1 use #a #c_/d gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,= #a_/bj p] c5t1 or #a 9 #b1jjj solution1 use #d #c_/h gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,= #a_/aj p] c5t1 or #a 9 #a1jjj solution1 use #h #c_/d gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,= #a_/d p] c5t1 or #a 9 #djj solution1 use #ba #g_/h gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,= #a_/b p] c5t1 or #a 9 #bjj solution1 use #dc #c_/d gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,= #a p] c5t1 or #a 9 #ajj solution1 use #hg #a_/b gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,= #b p] c5t1 or #a 9 #ej solution1 use #age gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,= #d p] c5t1 or #a 9 #be solution1 use #cej gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,= #e p] c5t1 or #a 9 #bj solution1 use #dcg #a_/b gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,= #aj p] c5t1 or #a 9 #aj solution1 use #hge gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,to make small] quantities ( any solution1 use less wat] & r$uce ! m$icam5t 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( wat] employ$2 ?us #a_/b imp]ial p9t ( a #a p] c5t solution w require #dc #c_/d gra9s ( ! m$icam5t4 ,pressure ,table4--,?is table %[s ! am\nt ( comm]cial sulphuric acid 7,h#b,,s#d7 & sodium bic>bonate necess>y to produce a giv5 pressure3 #abj ,p\nds ,pressure4 ,wat]1 ,soda ,bic>41 ,acid ,sulph41 gallons ,av4 ounces ,av4 ounces #aj #hf #ej #bj #abc #ga #cj #afa #ic #dj #aih #aah #ej #bcf #ach #ace ,p\nds ,pressure4 ,wat]1 ,soda ,bic>41 ,acid ,sulph41 gallons ,av4 ounces ,av4 ounces4 #aj #if #ef #bj #acd #gc #cj #aga #ajj #dj #bji #abb #ej #bdf #add ,if m>ble du/ be us$1 reckon at ! rate ( #ah ounces hot wat] = use4 ,syrup ,table4--,! foll[+ table %[s ! am\nt ( syrup obta9$ f #a4 ,! addition ( p\nds ( sug> to #a gallon ( wat]2 & ! #gje #b4 ,am\nt ( sug> 9 ea* gallon ( syrup result+ !refrom3 ,p\nds ,quantity ( syrup actually ,p\nds ( sug> obta9$4 ( sug> add$ to 9 "o "o gallon gallon ( ( cold ,gallons4 ,p9ts4 ,fluid\nces4 syrup4 wat]4 #a #a -- #aj 4#ic #b #a #a #d #a4gc #c #a #a #ad #b4dc #d #a #b #c #c4je #e #a #c #b #c4f #f #a #c #ab #d4ji #g #a #d #f #d4eb #h #a #e -- #d4ib #i #a #e #aj #e4bh #aj #a #f #d #e4fb #aa #a #f #ad #e4ib #ab #a #g #h #f4ah #ac #b -- #b #f4ch #ad #b -- #ab #f4g #ae #b #a #f #f4ia ,,table-,,tops1 ,,acid-,,pro(3 ,see ,acid-,pro(+4 ,,tables ,,= ,,photograph]s3 ,see ,photography4 ,,taffy3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,talcum ,,p[d]3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,tall[3 ,see ,fats4 ,,talmi ,,gold3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,tampr+3 ,see ,tampr+1 "u ,/eel4 ,,tan ,,rem$y3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,tank3 ,to ,e/imate ,cont5ts ( a ,circul> ,tank4--,! capacity ( a circul> tank may be det]m9$ by multiply+ ! diamet] 9 in*es by itself & by 4#ghed & by ! l5g? 7or dep?7 9 in*es1 :i* gives ! capacity ( ! tank 9 in*es1 & !n divid+ by #bca1 ! numb] ( cubic in*es 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates gallon4 ,,tann+3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,taps1 ,,to ,,remove ,,brok54 ,fir/ clean ! hole by means ( a small squirt gun fill$ ) k]os5e4 ,all brok5 pieces ( ! tap c be remov$ ) a pair ( tweez]s1 :i* %\ld be z l>ge z possible4 ,!n ins]t ! tweez]s betwe5 ! hole & flutes ( ! tap4 ,by sl[ly work+ back & =? & occasionally bl[+ out ) k]os5e1 ! brok5 piece is easily releas$4 ,,t> ,,pa9ts3 ,see ,wood4 ,,t>-,,spots ,,on ,,woodwork3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,t>-,,sulphur ,,soap3 ,see ,soap4 ,,t> ,,syrup3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,tattoo ,,m>ks1 ,,removal ,,(4 ,apply a highly conc5trat$ tann9 solution on ! tattoo$ places & treat !m ) ! tattoo+ ne$le z ! tattoo] does4 ,next vigor\sly rub ! places ) a lun> cau/ic /ick & all[ ! silv] nitrate to act = "s "t1 until ! tattoo$ portions h turn$ entirely black4 ,!n take (f by dabb+4 ,at fir/ a silv] tannate =ms on ! upp] lay]s ( ! sk91 :i* dyes ! tattoo+ black2 ) slight symptoms ( inflammation a scurf ensues :i* comes (f aft] #ad to #af days1 leav+ beh9d a r$di% sc>4 ,! latt] assumes ! natural color ( ! sk9 aft] "s "t4 ,! process is said to h giv5 good results4 ,,taw+3 ,see ,lea!r4 ,,tea ,,extract3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,tee?1 ,,to ,,:it5 ,,discolor$4 ,moi/5 ! corn] ( a l95 h&k]*ief ) hydrog5 p]oxide1 & ) x rub ! tee?1 repeat+ ! rubb+ occasionally4 ,use "s exce$+ly f9ely pulv]iz$ infusorial e>?1 or pumice gr\nd to an impalpable p[d]1 9 connection ) ! hydrog5 p]oxide1 & ! job w be quick] ?an ) ! p]oxide alone4 ,,temp]+ ,,( ,,/eel3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,t]ra ,,cotta ,,sub/itute4 ,a sub/ance1 "u ?is "n1 design$ to take ! place ( t]ra cotta & pla/] ( ,p>is 9 ! manufacture ( small ornam5tal objects1 consi/s ( #gjf ,album5 #aj p>ts ,magnesium sulphate #d p>ts ,alum #i p>ts ,calcium sulphate1 calc9$ #de p>ts ,borax #b p>ts ,wat] #cj p>ts ,! album5 & alum are dissolv$ 9 ! wat] & ) ! solution s obta9$ ! o!r +r$i5ts are made into a pa/e4 ,?is pa/e is mold$ at once 9 ! usual way & :5 set ! articles are expos$ 9 an ov5 to a heat ( #adj ,f4 ,,t]ra ,,cotta ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,textile ,,clean+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods & ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,!rmomet]s ,table ,%[+ ! ,comp>ison ( ! ,read+s ( ,!rmomet]s4 ,,celsius1 ,,or ,,c5tigrade 7,c74 ,r,,aumur 7,r74 ,,fahr5heit 7,f74 ,c4 ,r4 ,f4 #cj #bd4j #bb4j #be #bj4j #ac4j #bj #af4j #d4j #ae #ab4j #e4j #aj #h4j #ad4j #e #d4j #bc4j #d #c4b #bd4h #c #b4d #bf4f #b #a4f #bh4d #a #j4h #cj4b #j #j4j #cb4j ,freez+ po9t ( wat]4 #a #j4h #cc4h #b #a4f #ce4f #c #b4d #cg4d #d #c4b #ci4b #e #d4j #da4j #f #d4h #db4h #g #e4f #dd4f #h #f4d #df4d #i #g4b #dh4b #aj #h4j #ej4j #aa #h4h #ea4h #ab #i4f #ec4f #ac #aj4d #ee4d #ad #aa4b #eg4b #ae #ab4j #ei4j #af #ab4h #fj4h #ag #ac4f #fb4f #ah #ad4d #fd4d #ai #ae4b #ff4b #bj #af4j #fh4j #ba #af4h #fi4h #bb #ag4f #ga4f #bc #ah4d #gc4d #bd #ai4b #ge4b #be #bj4j #gg4j #bf #bj4h #gh4h #bg #ba4f #hj4f #bh #bb4d #hb4d #bi #bc4b #hd4b #cj #bd4j #hf4j #ca #bd4h #hg4h #cb #be4f #hi4f #cc #bf4d #ia4d #cd #bg4b #ic4b #ce #bh4j #ie4j #cf #bh4h #if4h #cg #bi4f #ih4f #ch #cj4d #ajj4d #ci #ca4b #ajb4b #dj #cb4j #ajd4j #da #cb4h #aje4h #db #cc4f #ajg4f #dc #cd4d #aji4d #dd #ce4b #aaa4b #de #cf4j #aac4j #ej #dj4j #abb4j #ee #dd4j #aca4j #fj #dh4j #adj4j #fe #eb4j #adi4j #gj #ef4j #aeh4j #ge #fj4j #afg4j #hj #fd4j #agf4j #he #fh4j #ahe4j #ij #gb4j #aid4j #ie #gf4j #bjc4j #ajj #hj4j #bab4j ,boil+ po9t ( wat]4 ,read+s on "o scale c be *ang$ into ano!r by ! foll[+ =mulas1 9 :i* t indicates degrees ( temp]ature3 ,rau4 to ,fahr4 #i_/dt ,r #cb t ,f ,rau4 to ,c5t4 #e_/dt ,r t ,c ,c5t4 to ,fahr4 #i_/et ,c #cb t ,f ,c5t4 to ,rau4 #d_/et ,c t ,r ,fahr4 to ,c5t4 #e_/i7t ,f #cb7 t ,c ,fahr4 to ,rau4 #d_/i7t ,f #cb7 t ,r ,,?read3 ,see also ,cordage4 ,dress+ = ,sew+ ,?read4--,= color$ ?read3 ,iri% moss1 #c p\nds2 gum arabic1 #b #a_/b p\nds2 ,japan wax1 #a_/b p\nd2 /e>9e1 #ahe grams2 borax1 #ie grams2 boil toge!r = #a_/d h\r4 ,= :ite ?read3 ,iri% moss1 #b p\nds2 tapioca1 #a #a_/b p\nds2 sp]maceti1 #c_/d p\nd2 /e>9e1 #aaj grams2 borax1 #ie grams2 boil toge!r = #bj m9utes4 ,= black ?read3 ,iri% moss1 #c p\nds2 gum ,s5egal1 #b #a_/b p\nds2 c]es91 #a p\nd2 borax1 #ie grams2 logwood extract1 #ie grams2 blue vitriol1 #cj grams2 boil toge!r = #bj m9utes4 ,soak ! ,iri% moss 9 ea* case ov]night 9 #de lit]s ( wat]1 !n boil = #a h\r1 /ra9 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts to ! result+ solution4 ,x is ( advantage to add ! borax to ! ,iri% moss be=e ! boil+4 ,,?roat ,,loz5ges3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,?ymol3 ,see ,antiseptics4 ,,ticks1 ,,cattle ,,dip ,,=3 ,see ,insecticides4 ,,ti]ces3 ,see ,dis9fectants4 ,,tilemak]s' ,,notes3 ,see ,c]amics4 ,t9 ,et*+ ,ba? = ,t94--,! design is ei!r freely drawn ^u ! metal ) a ne$le or a lead p5cil1 or prick$ into ! metal ?r\gh trac+ pap] ) a ne$le4 ,! outl9es are fill$ ) a v>ni% 7wax1 colophony1 asphalt74 ,! v>ni% is r5d]$ fluid ) turp5t9e & appli$ ) a bru%4 ,! article aft] hav+ dri$ is laid 9 a #a_/b solution ( nitric acid = #a #a_/b to #b h\rs4 ,x is !n wa%$ & dri$ ) blott+ #gjg pap]4 ,! protective coat+ ( asphalt is remov$ by heat+4 ,! z9c oxide 9 ! deep] portions is clean$ away ) a silv] soap & bru%4 ,recov]y ( ,t9 & ,iron 9 ,t9n$-,plate ,clipp+s4--,! process ( utiliz+ t9n$-plate scrap consi/s ess5tially 9 ! removal ( ! t94 ,?is mu/ be v completely c>ri$ out if ! rema9+ iron is to be available = ca/+4 ,! removal ( ! out] lay] ( pure t9 f ! t9n$ plate is an easy matt]4 ,b5ea? ?is1 h[ev]1 is ano!r cry/all9e lay] consi/+ ( an alloy ( t9 & iron1 :i* is m difficult ( treatm5t4 ,x r5d]s ! iron unavailable = ca/+1 z ev5 #j4b p] c5t ( t9 causes brittl5ess4 ,its removal is be/ accompli%$ by electrolysis4 ,if dilute sulphuric acid is us$ z an electrolyte1 ! deposit is spongy at fir/1 & aft]w>ds1 :5 ! acid has be5 p>tly neutraliz$1 cry/all9e4 ,aft] #f h\rs ! clipp+s are tak5 out & ! iron completely dissolv$ 9 dilute sulphuric acid2 ! residue ( t9 is !n comb9$ ) ! t9 obta9$ by ! electrolysis4 ,gre5 vitriol is !re=e a by-product 9 ?is process4 ,gut5sohn's process has two objects3 ,to obta9 t9 & to r5d] ! iron fit = use4 ,! t9 is obta9$ by treat+ ! t9n$ plate repeat$ly ) hydro*loric acid4 ,! t9 is !n remov$ f ! solution by means ( ! electric curr5t4 ,! t9n$ plate z ! positive pole is plac$ 9 a tank made ( "s insulat+ mat]ial imp]vi\s to ! action ( acids1 su* z slate4 ,a copp] plate =ms ! ca?ode4 ,! bi*loride ( t9 solution1 fre$ f acid1 is put r\nd ! c>bon cyl9d] 9 ! ,buns5 elem5t4 ,ano!r innovation 9 ?is process is t ! tank ) ! t9n$-plate clipp+s is itself turn$ into an electric batt]y ) ! aid ( ! t94 ,a /ill bett] s\rce ( electricity is1 h[ev]1 obta9$ dur+ ! treatm5t ( ! unt9n$ iron :i* w be describ$ pres5tly4 ,! f9al elim9ation ( ! t9 takes place 9 ! clay cup ( ! ,buns5 elem5ts4 ,besides ! *loride ( t9 solution 7free f acid71 ano!r t9 solution1 pref]ably *romate ( t91 nitrate ( t91 or sulphate ( t91 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t desir$1 may be us$4 ,to r5d] ! iron ( ! t9n$ plate s]viceable ! acid is drawn (f z long z ! iron is cov]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( an alloy ( iron & t94 ,! latt] makes ! iron unfit = use 9 roll+ mills or = ! precipitation ( copp]4 ,fre% hydro*loric acid or sulphuric acid is !re=e p\r$ ov] ! plate to remove ! alloy1 aft] ! treatm5t ) ! bi*loride ( t9 solution4 ,?is acid is also sy/ematically us$ 9 diff]5t vats to ! po9t ( approximate saturation4 ,?is solution =ms ! mo/ suitable s\rce ( electricity1 a z9c-iron elem5t be+ =m$ by means ( a clay cell & a z9c cyl9d]4 ,! electrical =ce develop$ s]ves to accel]ate ! solution 9 ! next tank1 :i* conta9s t9n$ plate1 ei!r fre% or treat$ ) hydro*loric acid4 ,f]r\s oxide1 or spongy metallic iron if ! curr5t is v /rong1 is lib]at$ 9 ! iron batt]y4 ,bo? sub/ances are easily oxidiz$1 & =m r$ oxide ( iron :5 heat$4 ,! rema9+ solution c be cry/alliz$ by evaporation1 s t f]r\s sulphate 7gre5 vitriol7 or f]ric *loride c be obta9$1 or x c be treat$ to =m r$ oxide ( iron4 ,t9 9 ,p[d] ,=m4--,to obta9 t9 9 p[d] =m ! metal is fir/ melt$2 next p\r x into a box ^: sides1 etc41 are coat$ ) p[d]$ *alk4 ,agitate ! box vigor\sly & )\t discont9u+1 until ! metal is entirely cold4 ,n[ pass ?is p[d] ?r\gh a sieve & keep 9 a clos$ flask4 ,?is t9 p[d] is eligible = v>i\s uses & makes a h&some effect1 especially 9 bronz+4 ,x c be br[n$4 ,,t9foil3 ,see also ,metal ,foil4 ,by p\r+ t9 f a funnel ) a v long & n>r[ m\? ^u a l95 surface1 ! latt] be+ tightly /ret*$1 cov]$ ) a mixture ( *alk & :ite ( egg1 & plac$ 9 a slop+ position1 v ?9 %eets c be produc$1 & capable ( be+ easily trans=m$ into ?9 foil4 ,pure t9 %\ld nev] be us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( foil int5d$ = pack+ tobacco1 *ocolate1 etc41 b an alloy conta9+ #e to #dj p] c5t ( lead4 ,lead has also be5 rec5tly plat$ on bo? sides ) t9 by ! foll[+ me?od3 ,a lead %eet f #j4fd to 4#hj in*es ?ick is p\r$ on a ca/+ table z long z x is hot1 a lay] ( t9 f #j4af to #j4bj in*es 9 ?ickness add$1 ! %eet !n turn$ ov] & coat$ on ! o!r side ) t9 9 ! same mann]4 ,! %eet is !n /ret*$ betwe5 roll]s4 ,v ?9 %eet t9 c also be made 9 ! same way z %eet lead1 by cutt+ up a t9 cyl9d] into spiral sections4 ,color$ t9foil is prep>$ by mak+ ! foil ?or\ghly bright by rubb+ ) purifi$ *alk #gjh & cotton1 !n add+ a coat ( gelat91 color$ z requir$1 & cov]+ ! :ole f9ally ) a transp>5t _s v>ni%4 ,9 place ( ?is some:at tr\blesome process1 ! foll[+ mu* simpl] me?od has lately be5 introduc$3 ,anil9e dyes dissolv$ 9 alcohol are appli$ on ! purifi$ foil1 & ! coat1 :5 dry1 cov]$ ) a v ?9 lay] ( a colorless v>ni%4 ,?is is done by p\r+ ! v>ni% on ! surface & !n incl9+ ! latt] s t ! v>ni% may rea* e "p & fl[ (f4 ,,t91 ,,silv]-,,plat+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,t9 ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,t9n+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,tire3 ,anti-,leak ,rubb] ,tire4--,pneumatic tires c be made q safe f punctures by us+ a lib]al am\nt ( ! foll[+ *eap mixture3 ,"o p\nd ( %eet glue dissolv$ 9 hot wat] 9 ! usual mann]1 & #c p9ts ( molasses4 ,?is mixture inject$ into ! tire ?r\gh ! valve /em1 semi-h>d5s into an ela/ic jelly1 be+1 9 fact1 ab\t ! same z ! well-kn[n ink roll] composition us$ = ! roll]s ( pr9t+ presses4 ,?is treatm5t w usually be f\nd to effectually /op leaks 9 punctur$ or por\s tires4 ,,tire ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,rubb] ,cem5ts4 ,,tissi]',s ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,titanium ,,/eel3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,toddy1 ,,hot ,,soda3 ,see ,bev]ages4 ,,toilet ,,creams1 ,,milks1 ,,p[d]s1 ,,etc43 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,tolidol ,,develop]3 ,see ,photography4 ,,tomato ,,b\illon ,,extract3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,,tomback3 ,see ,jewel]s' ,=mulas4 ,,ton+ ,,ba?s3 ,see ,photography4 ,,tonka ,,extract3 ,see ,ess5ces & ,extracts4 ,,tonka1 ,,its ,,detection ,,9 ,,vanilla ,,extracts3 ,see ,vanilla4 ,,tool ,,sett+4 ,! t]m 8sett+0 7gr9d+7 is appli$ to ! op]ation ( giv+ an edge to ! tools design$ = cutt+1 scrap+1 or saw+4 ,cutt+ tools are rubb$ ei!r on flat s&/ones or on rapidly turn$ gr9d/ones4 ,! we> on ! faces ( ! tools dim9i%es _! ?ickness & r5d]s ! cutt+ angle %>p]4 ,good edges _c be obta9$ except ) ! aid ( ! gr9d/one2 x is !re=e important to select ?is in/rum5t ) c>e4 ,x %\ld be s(t1 r ?an h>d1 ( f9e1 smoo? gra91 p]fectly free f seams or flaws4 ,! la/ condition is ess5tial1 = x (t5 happ5s t1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! revolv+ motion1 a defective /one sudd5ly yields to ! c5trifugal =ce1 bur/s & scatt]s its pieces ) su* viol5ce z to w\nd ! op]ator4 ,?is accid5t may also happ5 ) p]fectly =m$ /ones4 ,on ?is acc\nt artificial /ones h be5 sub/itut$1 m homog5e\s & coh]5t ?an ! natural ones4 ,:atev] may be ! /one select$1 x ought to be kept con/antly moi/ dur+ ! op]ation4 ,if n1 ! tools w soon get heat$ & _! temp] w be impair$4 ,:5 a tool has = a c]ta9 "t und]gone ! erosive action ( ! /one1 ! cutt+ angle becomes too acute1 too ?91 & b5ds ov] on itself1 con/itut+ :at is call$ 8! fea!r edge40 ,?is condition r5d]s a new sett+ necess>y1 :i* is usually effect$ by b5d+ back ! fea!r edge1 if x is long1 & :ett+ ! blade on a /one call$ a 8sett]40 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( /ones us$ = ?is purpose1 ?\gh !y are mo/ly compos$ ( calc>e\s or argilace\s matt]1 mix$ ) a c]ta9 proportion ( silica4 ,! scy!/one1 ( v f9e gra91 s]ves = gr9d+ (f ! fea!r edge ( scy!s1 knives1 & o!r l>ge tools4 ,! ,lorra9e /one1 ( *ocolate color & f9e gra91 is employ$ ) oil = c>p5t]s' tools4 ,am]ican c>borundum is v erosive4 ,x is us$ ) wat] & ) oil to obta9 a f9e edge4 ,! lancet /one is n inf]ior to any ( ! prec$+4 ,z its "n indicates1 x is us$ = %>p5+ surgical in/rum5ts1 & only ) oil4 ,! ,levant /one 7,turki% s&/one7 is ! be/ ( all = :ett+4 ,x is gray & semitransp>5t2 :5 ( inf]ior quality1 x #gji is some:at spott$ ) r$4 ,x is usually q s(t4 ,to re/ore /ones & efface ! inequalities & holl[s caus$ by ! friction ( ! tools1 !y are laid flat on a m>ble or level /one1 spread ov] ) f9e1 well-pulv]iz$ s&/one1 & rubb$ briskly4 ,:5 tools h a curv$ edge1 !y are subject$ to a composition =m$ ( pulv]iz$ /one1 mold$ into a =m conv5i5t = ! concavity or convexity4 ,tools are also :ett$ ) slabs ( walnut or asp5 wood coat$ ) em]y ( diff]5t numb]s1 :i* produces an excell5t sett+4 ,,tool ,,lubricant3 ,see ,lubricant4 ,too?a*e ,,too?a*e ,,gums3 ,see also ,pa9 ,kill]s4 ,i4--,p>aff9e #id gra9s ,burgundy pit* #hjj gra9s ,oil ( cloves #a_/b fluidra*m ,creosote #a_/b fluidra*m ,melt ! fir/ two +r$i5ts1 &1 :5 ne>ly cool1 add ! re/1 /irr+ well4 ,may be made into small pills or turn$ out 9 =m ( small cones or cyl9d]s4 ,,ii4--,melt :ite wax or sp]maceti1 #b p>ts1 & :5 melt$ add c>bolic-acid cry/als1 #a "p1 & *loral-hydrate cry/als1 #b p>ts2 /ir well until dissolv$4 ,:ile /ill liquid1 imm]se ?9 lay]s ( c>boliz$ absorb5t cotton wool & all[ !m to dry4 ,:5 requir$ = use a small piece may be snipp$ (f & slightly w>m$1 :5 x c be ins]t$ into ! holl[ too?1 :]e x w solidify4 ,too?a*e ,rem$y4-- ,camphor #d dra*ms ,*loral hydrate #d dra*ms ,oil ( cloves #b dra*ms ,oil ( cajeput #b dra*ms ,*lor(orm #ab dra*ms ,t9cture ( capsicum #bd dra*ms ,,too? ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,cem5ts4 ,,too? ,,pa/es1 ,,p[d]s1 ,,soaps1 ,,& ,,wa%es3 ,see ,d5tifrices4 ,,tortoise-,,%ell ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,too? ,,/raight5+3 ,see ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas4 ,,t\*/one1 ,,aqua=tis ,,= ,,!3 ,see ,aqua=tis4 ,,toy ,,pa9t3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,trac+-,,clo? ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,tragacan?1 ,,mucilage ,,(3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,mucilages4 ,,transp>5cies3 ,see also ,photography4 ,a good me?od ( prep>+ h&some ,london transp>5cies is z foll[s3 ,:ite pap] is coat$ ) a liquid ^: *ief con/itu5t is ,icel& moss /rongly boil$ d[n 9 wat] to :i* a slight quantity ( previ\sly dissolv$ gelat9 is add$4 ,9 apply+ ! mass1 :i* %\ld always be kept 9 a hot condition1 ! pap] %\ld be cov]$ uni=mly ?r\gh\t4 ,aft] x has be5 dri$ well x is smoo!d on ! coat$ side & us$ = a pro(4 ,! transp>5t colors to be us$ mu/ be gr\nd 9 /rong] v>ni% ?an ! opaque ones4 ,9 ord] to produce a h&some r$1 yell[ lake & r$ si5na are us$2 ! tone ( ! latt] is consid]ably w>m] ?an t ( ! yell[ lake4 ,:]e ! co/ is no consid]ation1 aurosol9 may also be employ$4 ,= pale r$1 madd] lakes %\ld be employ$1 b = d>k] %ades1 crimson lakes & sc>let co*9eal lakes4 ,! vivid g]anium lake gives a magnific5t %ade1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n at all fa/ 9 sunlight4 ,! mo/ transluc5t blue w always be ,b]l9 blue4 ,= purple1 madd] purple is ! mo/ reliable color1 b possesses little gloss4 ,lum9\s effects c be obta9$ ) ! assi/ance ( anil9e colors1 b ^! are only ( little p]man5ce 9 transp>5cies4 ,light1 transp>5t gre5 is h>dly available4 ,rec\rse has to be tak5 to mix+ ,b]l9 blue ) yell[ lake1 or r$ si5na4 ,gre5 *romic oxide may be us$ if its sob]1 cool tone has no di/urb+ influ5ce4 ,almo/ all br[n color+ bodies give transp>5t colors1 b ! mo/ useful are madd] lakes & burnt umb]4 ,gray is produc$ by mix+ purple tone colors ) suitable br[n1 b a gray color h>dly ev] #gaj occurs 9 transp>5t pr9ts4 ,liquid siccative mu/ always be add$ to ! colors1 o!rwise ! dry+ w occupy too mu* "t4 ,aft] ! dry+1 ! pr9ts are v>ni%$ on bo? sides4 ,= ?is purpose1 a well-cov]+1 quickly dry+1 colorless1 n too ?ick v>ni% mu/ be us$1 :i* is ela/ic en\gh n to crack nor to break 9 b5d+4 ,frequ5tly ! v>ni%+ ( ! plac>ds is done ) gelat94 ,?is imp>ts to ! picture an especially h&some1 lum9\s lu/]4 ,aft] an equal quantity ( alcohol has be5 add$ to a readily fl[+ solution ( gelat91 kept = use 9 a z9c vessel1 ! gelat9 solution is p\r$ on ! glass plates de/9$ = ! transp>5cies4 ,aft] a qu>t] ( an h\r1 take ! plac>d1 moi/5 its back uni=mly1 & lay x ^u a gelat9 film :i* has mean:ile =m$ on ! glass plate1 :]e x rema9s #b to #c days4 ,:5 x is to be remov$ f ! plate1 ! edge ( ! gelat9 film protrud+ ov] ! edge ( ! plac>d is lift$ up ) a dull knife1 & x is ?us drawn (f4 ,a f9e1 transp>5t gloss rema9s on ! plac>d prop]4 ,9 ord] to r5d] ! cov]+ wat]pro( & pliable1 x is giv5 a coat+ ( collodion1 :i* does n detract f ! transp>5ce4 ,! glass plates & _! frames mu/ be clean$ ( adh]+ gelat9 p>ticles be=e r5ew$ use4 ,,transf] ,,processes3 ,to ,transf] ,designs4--,designs c be transf]r$ on pa9t$ surfaces1 clo?1 lea!r1 velvet1 oil clo?1 & l95 %>ply & 9 all ! details ) little tr\ble4 ,take ! orig9al design1 lay x on a lay] ( pap]1 & trace ! l9es ( design accurately ) a pack+ ne$le1 ! eye ( :i* is held by a piece ( wood = a h&le4 ,x is necess>y to press d[n well4 ,! design becomes visible on ! back by an elevation4 ,:5 ev]y?+ has be5 accurately press$ ?r\gh1 take1 e4 g41 = d>k objects1 :it+ 7=m$ 9 pieces71 lay ! design face d[nw>d on ! knee & pass mildly ) ! :it+ ov] ! elevations2 on e elevation a *alk l9e w appe>4 ,!n du/ (f ! sup]flu\s :it+ ) ! f+]s1 lay ! :it+ side on ! clo? to hold x s t x _c slide1 & pass ov] x ) a s(t bru%4 ,= light articles take p[d]$ lead p5cil1 :i* is rubb$ on ) ! f+]1 or limewood *>coal4 ,= trac+ use oil pa9t on clo? & ,india ink on l954 ,to ,copy ,engrav+s4--,to make a facsimile ( an engrav+ expose x 9 a w>m1 clos$ box to ! vapor ( iod9e1 !n place x1 inkside d[nw>d1 on a smoo?1 dry %eet ( clean :ite pap]1 :i* has be5 bru%$ ) />* wat]4 ,aft] ! two prep>$ surfaces h be5 9 contact = a %ort "t a facsimile ( ! engrav+ w be reproduc$ m or less accurately1 accord+ to ! skill ( ! op]ator4 ,to ,transf] ,engrav+s4--,! be/ way to transf] engrav+ f "o piece to ano!r is to rub transf] wax into ! engrav$ lett]s4 ,?is wax is made ( beeswax1 #c p>ts2 tall[1 #c p>ts2 ,canada balsam1 #a "p2 olive oil1 #a "p4 ,if ! wax becomes too h>d1 add a few drops ( olive oil1 & if too s(t1 a little m beeswax4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! wax does n rema9 on ! surface ab\t ! engrav+1 o!rwise ! impression w\ld be blurr$4 ,!n moi/5 a piece ( pap] by draw+ x ov] ! tongue & lay x on ! engrav+4 ,^u ?is is laid ano!r piece ( dry pap]1 & secur+ bo? ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! left h&1 s !y w n be mov$1 g ov] ! entire surface ) a burni%] made ( /eel or bone1 ) a po9t$ end4 ,?is w press ! l[] pap] into ! engrav+ & cause ! wax to adh]e to x4 ,!n ! top pap] is remov$ & ! corn] ( ! l[] "o g5tly rais$4 ,! :ole is !n c>efully peel$ (f1 & und]nea? w be f\nd a rev]s$1 %>p impression ( ! engrav+4 ,! edges ( ! pap] are !n cut s x c be fitt$ 9 a position on ! o!r articles simil> to t on ! orig9al "o4 ,:5 ?is is done lay ! pap] 9 ! prop] position & rub ! index f+] lightly ov] x1 :i* w transf] a cle> lik5ess ( ! orig9al engrav+4 ,if due c>e is tak5 two doz5 or m transf]s c be made f a s+le impression4 ,,tricks ,,) ,,fire3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,tub]s1 ,,_! ,,pres]vation3 ,see ,roots4 ,,tubs3 ,,to ,,r5d] ,,%runk5 ,,tubs ,,wat]-,,tight3 ,see ,casks4 ,,tung/5 ,,/eel3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,turm]ic ,,9 ,,food3 ,see ,foods4 ,,turp5t9e ,,/a9s3 ,see ,wood4 #gaa ,,turtle 7,,mock7 ,,extract3 ,see ,condim5ts4 ,,tw9e3 ,see also ,?read & ,cordage4 ,t\gh tw9e may be greatly /r5g!n$ by dissolv+ pl5ty ( alum 9 wat] & lay+ ! tw9e 9 ?is solution4 ,aft] dry+1 ! tw9e w h mu* increas$ t5sile /r5g?4 ,typewrit] ,ribbons 7,see also ,inks47 ,! con/itu5ts ( an ink = typewrit] ribbons may be broadly divid$ into f\r elem5ts3 #a1 ! pigm5t2 #b1 ! vehicle2 #c1 ! corrig5t2 #d1 ! solv5t4 ,! elem5ts w diff] ) ! k9d ( ink desir$1 :e!r p]man5t or copy+4 ,p]man5t 7,record7 ,ink4--,any f9ely divid$1 non-fad+ color may be us$ z ! pigm5t2 vasel9e is ! be/ vehicle & wax ! be/ corrig5t4 ,9 ord] to make ! ribbon la/ a long "t ) "o ink+1 z mu* pigm5t z feasible %\ld be us$4 ,to make black record ink3 ,take "s vasel9e1 melt x on a sl[ fire or wat] ba?1 & incorporate by con/ant /irr+ z mu* lampblack z x w take up )\t becom+ granul>4 ,take f ! fire & all[ x to cool4 ,! ink is n[ practically f9i%$1 except1 if n entirely suitable on trial1 x may be improv$ by add+ ! corrig5t wax 9 small quantity4 ,! ribbon %\ld be *>g$ ) a v ?91 ev5ly divid$ am\nt ( ink4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( a solv5t--9 ?is in/ance a mixture ( equal p>ts ( petroleum b5z9e & rectifi$ _s ( turp5t9e4 ,9 ?is mixture dissolve a suffici5t am\nt ( ! solid ink by vigor\s agitation to make a ?9 pa9t4 ,try ! ink on "o extremity ( ! ribbon2 if too s(t1 add a little wax to make x h>d]2 if too pale1 add m color+ matt]2 if too h>d1 add m vasel9e4 ,if c>efully appli$ to ! ribbon1 & ! excess bru%$ (f1 ! result w be satisfactory4 ,on ! same pr9ciple1 o!r colors may be made into ink2 b = delicate colors1 albol5e & blea*$ wax %\ld be ! vehicle & corrig5t1 respectively4 ,! v>i\s pr9t+ inks may be us$ if prop]ly correct$4 ,!y require ! addition ( vasel9e to make !m non-dry+ on ! ribbon1 & ( "s wax if f\nd too s(t4 ,:]e pr9t+ inks are available1 !y w be f\nd to give excell5t results if ?us modifi$1 z ! pigm5t is well mill$ & f9ely divid$4 ,ev5 black cosmetic may be made to answ]1 by ! addition ( "s lampblack to ! solution 9 ! mixture ( b5z9e & turp5t9e4 ,aft] ?us hav+ expla9$ ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ! manufacture ( p]man5t inks1 we c pass m rapidly ov] ! subject ( copy+ inks1 :i* is gov]n$ by ! same g5]al rules4 ,= copy+ inks1 anil9e colors =m ! pigm5t2 a mixture ( ab\t #c p>ts ( wat] & #a "p ( glyc]9e1 ! vehicle2 transp>5t soap 7ab\t #a_/d "p71 ! corrig5t2 /rong] alcohol 7ab\t #f p>ts71 ! solv5t4 ,! desir$ anil9e color w easily dissolve 9 ! hot vehicle1 soap w give ! ink ! necess>y body & c\nt]act ! hygroscopic t5d5cy ( ! glyc]9e1 & 9 ! /rong] alcohol ! ink w readily dissolve1 s t x c be appli$ 9 a f9ely divid$ /ate to ! ribbon1 :]e ! evaporation ( ! alcohol w leave x 9 a ?9 film4 ,!re is little m to add4 ,aft] ! ink is made & tri$--if too s(t1 add a little m soap2 if too h>d1 a little m glyc]9e2 if too pale1 a little m pigm5t4 ,pr9t]'s copy+ ink c be utiliz$ "h likewise4 ,us]s ( ! typewrit] %\ld s set a fre% ribbon z to />t at ! edge ne>e/ ! op]ator1 all[+ x to run back & =? ) ! same adju/m5t until exhau/$ along t /rip2 !n %ift ! ribbon =w>d ! wid? ( "o lett]1 runn+ until exhau/$1 & s on4 ,f9ally1 :5 ! :ole ribbon is exhau/$1 ! color w h be5 equably us$ up1 & on re9k+1 ! "w w appe> ev5 9 color1 :ile x w look pat*y if "s ( ! old ink has be5 left "h & !re & fre% ink appli$ ov] x4 ,,udd] ,,inflammation3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,valves4 ,! manufactur]s ( valves te/ ea* valve "u hydraulic pressure be=e x is s5t out f ! factory1 yet !y frequ5tly leak :5 erect$ 9 ! pipe l9es4 ,?is is due to ! misuse ( ! erector 9 mo/ cases4 ,! foll[+ are ! mo/ notewor?y bad practices to be avoid$ :5 fitt+ 9 valves3 ,i4--,screw+ a valve on a pipe v tightly1 )\t fir/ clos+ ! valve4 ,clos+ ! valve makes ! body mu* #gab m rigid & able to )/& great] /ra9s & also keeps ! iron *ips f lodg+ "u ! seats1 or 9 ! work+ p>ts ( ! valves4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 does n apply to *eck valves4 ,,ii4--,screw+ a long mill ?read into a valve4 ,! ?reads on comm]cial pipes are v long & %\ld nev] be screw$ into a valve4 ,an elb[ or tee w /& ! l5g? ( ?read v well1 b a suitable l5g? ?read %\ld be cut 9 e case on ! pipe1 :5 us$ to screw into a valve4 ,if n1 ! end ( pipe w %\ld] aga9/ ! seat ( valve & s di/ort x t ! valve w leak v badly4 ,,iii4--,! application ( a pipe wr5* on ! opposite end ( ! valve f ! end :i* is be+ screw$ on ! pipe4 ,?is %\ld nev] be done1 z x inv>iably spr+s or =ces ! valve seats f _! true orig9al be>+ ) ! disks4 ,,iv4--,nev] place ! body ( a valve 9 ! vise to remove ! bonnet or c5t]piece f a valve1 z x w squeeze toge!r ! s(t brass body & ?r[ all p>ts out ( alignm5t4 ,prop]ly to remove ! bonnet or c5t]piece f a valve1 ei!r screw into ea* end ( ! valve a %ort piece ( pipe & place "o piece ( ! pipe 9 ! vise1 us+ a wr5* on ! squ>e ( bonnet2 or if ! vise is prop]ly con/ruct$1 place ! squ>e ( ! bonnet 9 same & use ! %ort piece ( pipe screw$ 9 ea* end z a lev]4 ,:5 us+ a wr5* on squ>e ( bonnet or c5t]piece1 use a ,/illson or ,trimo wr5* ) a piece ( t9 betwe5 ! tee? ( ! jaws & ! f9i%$ brass4 ,x may m>k ! brass slightly1 b ?is is pref]able to r\nd+ (f all ! corn]s ) an old monkey wr5* :i* is worn out & sprung4 ,z ! ?reads on all bonnets or c5t]pieces are dop$ ) li?>ge or cem5t1 a %>p j]k or j> on ! wr5* w />t ! bonnet mu* m quickly ?an a /eady pull4 ,"u no circum/ances try to replace or remove ! bonnet or c5t]piece ( a valve )\t fir/ op5+ x wide4 ,?is w prev5t ! b5d+ ( ! /em1 =c+ ! disk d[n ?r\gh ! seat or /ripp+ ! ?reads on bonnet :]e x screws into body4 ,if x is impossible to remove bonnet or c5t]piece by ord9>y me?ods1 heat ! body ( ! valve j outside ! ?read4 ,!n tap lightly all ar\nd ! ?read ) a s(t hamm]4 ,?is me?od nev] fails1 z ! heat exp&s ! body r+ & breaks ! jo9t made by ! li?>ge or cem5t4 ,v4--,! application ( a l>ge monkey wr5* to ! /uff+ box ( valve4 ,_m valves are return$ ) ! /uff+ boxes split1 or ! ?reads 9 same /ripp$4 ,?is is due to ! fact t ! fitt] or eng9e] has us$ a l>ge-siz$ monkey wr5* on ?is small "p4 ,,vi4--,! screw+ into a valve ( a long l5g? ( unsupport$ pipe4 ,= example1 if ! fitt] is do+ "s repair "w & />ts out ) a run ( #b-;in* horizontal pipe f a #b-;in* valve connect$ to ma9 /eam head]1 ! pipe be+ ab\t #ah feet long1 aft] he has screw$ ! pipe tightly into ! valve1 he leaves ! help] to support ! pipe at ! o!r end1 :ile he gets ! hang] ready4 ,! help] 9 ! meantime has become tir$ & drops 8 %\ld] on :i* ! pipe re/s ab\t #c in*es & 9 consequ5ce ! full weight ( ?is #ah-;foot l5g? ( pipe be>s on ! valve4 ,! valve is badly sprung & :5 ! eng9e] raises /eam ! next morn+ ! valve leaks4 ,:5 a valve is plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( a long run ( pipe1 ! pipe on ea* side1 & close to ! valve1 %\ld be well support$4 ,,vii4--,! use ( pipe cem5t 9 valves4 ,:5 x is necess>y to use pipe cem5t 9 jo9ts1 ?is mixture %\ld always be plac$ on ! pipe ?read :i* screws into ! valve1 & nev] 9 ! valve itself4 ,if ! cem5t is plac$ 9 ! valve1 z ! pipe is screw$ into ! valve x =ces ! cem5t betwe5 ! seats & disks1 :]e x w soon h>d5 & ?us prev5t ! valve f seat+ prop]ly4 ,,viii4--,?read *ips & scale 9 pipe4 ,be=e a pipe is screw$ into a valve x %\ld be /ood 9 a v]tical position & /ruck %>ply ) a hamm]4 ,?is w release ! *ips f ! ?read cutt+1 & loos5 ! scale inside ( pipe4 ,:5 a pipe l9e conta9+ valves is connect$ up1 ! valves %\ld all be op5$ wide & ! pipe well bl[n out be=e !y are aga9 clos$4 ,?is w remove =eign sub/ances :i* are liable to cut & scrat* ! seats & disks4 ,,ix4--,expansion & contraction4 ,ample all[ance mu/ be provid$ = expansion & contraction 9 all /eam l9es1 especially :5 brass valves are includ$4 ,! pipe & fitt+s are mu* m rigid & /iff ?an ! brass valves & 9 consequ5ce ! expansion /ra9s w relieve !mselves at ! weake/ po9t1 unless o!rwise provid$ =4 #gac ,x4--,! use ( wr5*es or b>s on valve :eels to close ! valves tightly4 ,?is %\ld nev] be done1 z x spr+s ! entire valve & ?r[s all p>ts out ( alignm5t1 ?us mak+ ! valve leak4 ,! manufactur] furni%es a :eel suffici5tly l>ge prop]ly to close aga9/ any pressure = :i* x is suitable4 ,if ! valves _c be clos$ tightly by ?is means1 !re is some?+ betwe5 ! disks & seats or !y h be5 cut or scrat*$ by =eign sub/ances4 ,vanilla 7,see also ,ess5ces & ,extracts47 ,! be/ ,mexican vanilla yields only 9 ! neighborhood ( #a4g p] c5t ( vanill92 t f ,reunion & ,guadel\pe ab\t #b4e p] c5t2 & t f ,java #b4ge p] c5t4 ,!re seems to be b little connection betwe5 ! quantity ( vanill9 conta9$ 9 vanilla pods & _! quality z a flavor produc]4 ,mexican beans are e/eem$ ! be/ & yet !y conta9 f> less ?an ! ,java4 ,^? f ,brazil & ,p]u conta9 mu* less ?an ^? f ,mexico1 & yet !y are consid]$ inf]ior 9 quality to mo/ o!rs4 ,! vanill9 ( ! m>ket is *iefly1 if n entirely1 artificial & is made f ! conif]9 ( su* p9es & firs z abies excelsa1 a4 pect9ata1 p9us cembra1 & p4 /robus1 z well z f ! eug5ol ( cloves & allspice4 ,vanill9 also exi/s 9 asp>agus1 lup9e se$s1 ! se$s ( ! common wild rose1 asafetida1 & gum b5zo94 ,a good =mula = a vanilla extract is ! foll[+3 ,vanilla #a ounce ,tonka #b ounces ,alcohol1 deodoriz$ #cb fluid\nces ,syrup #h fluid\nces ,cut & bruise ! vanilla1 aft]w>ds add+ & bruis+ ! ,tonka2 mac]ate = #ad days 9 #af fluid\nces ( ! alcohol1 ) occasional agitation2 p\r (f ! cle> liquid & set aside2 p\r ! rema9+ alcohol on ! magma1 & heat by means ( a wat] ba? to ab\t #afh ,f41 9 a closely cov]$ vessel4 ,keep x at t temp]ature = #b or #c h\rs1 !n /ra9 ?r\gh flannel ) slight pressure2 mix ! two portions ( liquid & filt] ?r\gh felt4 ,la/ly1 add ! syrup4 ,to r5d] ?is t9cture p]fectly cle> x may be treat$ ) pulv]iz$ magnesium c>bonate1 us+ f #a_/b to #a dra*m to ea* p9t4 ,to ,detect ,artificial ,vanill9 9 ,vanilla ,extracts 7see also ,foods74-,!re is no well-def9$ te/ = vanill91 b "o c get at x 9 a negative way4 ,! artificial vanill9 conta9s vanill9 id5tical ) ! vanill9 conta9$ 9 ! vanilla bean2 b ! vanilla bean1 z ! vanilla extract1 conta9s among its _m 8extractive matt]s0 :i* ent] into ! food & fragrant value ( vanilla extract1 c]ta9 ros9s :i* c be id5tifi$ ) c]ta9ty 9 analysis by a numb] ( det]m9+ reactions4 ,extract made )\t true vanilla c be detect$ by negative results 9 all ^! reactions4 ,vanilla beans conta9 #d to #aa p] c5t ( ?is ros94 ,x is ( a d>k r$ to br[n color & furni%es ab\t "o-half ! color ( ! extract ( vanilla4 ,?is ros9 is soluble 9 #ej p] c5t alcohol1 s t 9 extracts ( high grade1 :]e suffici5t alcohol is us$1 all ros9 is kept 9 solution4 ,9 *eap extracts1 :]e z little z #bj p] c5t ( alcohol by volume is sometimes us$1 an alkali--usually potassium bic>bonate--is add$ to aid 9 gett+ ros91 gums1 etc41 9 solution1 & to prev5t subsequ5t turpidity4 ,?is treatm5t deep5s ! color v mat]ially4 ,place "s ( ! extract to be exam9$ 9 a glass evaporat+ di% & evaporate ! alcohol on ! wat] ba?4 ,:5 alcohol is remov$1 make up ab\t ! orig9al volume ) hot wat]4 ,if alkali has n be5 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! extract1 ! ros9 w appe> z a floccul5t r$ to br[n residue4 ,acidify ) acetic acid to free ros9 f bases1 sep>at+ ! :ole ( ! ros9 & leav+ a p>tly decoloriz$1 cle> sup]natant liquid aft] /&+ a %ort "t4 ,collect ! ros9 on a filt]1 wa% ) wat]1 & res]ve ! filtrate = fur!r te/s4 ,place a portion ( ! filt] ) ! atta*$ ros9 9 a few cubic c5timet]s ( dilute cau/ic pota%4 ,! ros9 is dissolv$ to a deep-r$ solution4 ,acidify4 ,! ros9 is !reby precipitat$4 ,dissolve a portion ( ! ros9 9 alcohol2 to "o fraction add a few drops ( f]ric *loride2 no /rik+ coloration is produc$4 ,to ano!r portion add hydro*loric acid2 aga9 !re is little *ange 9 color4 ,9 alcoholic solution mo/ ros9s give color reactions ) f]ric *loride or hydro*loric acid4 ,to a portion ( ! filtrate obta9$ above add a few drops ( basic lead acetate4 ,! precipitate is s bulky z to almo/ #gad solidify1 due to ! excessive am\nt ( organic acids1 gums1 & o!r extractive matt]4 ,! filtrate f ?is precipitate is ne>ly1 b n q1 colorless4 ,te/ ano!r portion ( ! filtrate f ! ros9 = tann9 ) a solution ( gelat94 ,tann9 is pres5t 9 v>y+ b small quantities4 ,x %\ld n be pres5t 9 great excess4 ,to ,detect ,tonka 9 ,vanilla ,extract4--,! foll[+ te/ dep5ds on ! *emical diff]5ce betwe5 c\m>9 & vanill91 ! odor\s pr9ciples ( ! two beans4 ,c\m>9 is ! anhydride ( c\m>ic acid1 & on fusion ) a cau/ic alkali yields acetic & salicylic acids1 :ile vanill9 is me?yl protocate*9 aldehyde1 & :5 treat$ simil>ly yields protocate*uic acid4 ,! te/ is p]=m$ by evaporat+ a small quantity ( ! extract to dryness1 & melt+ ! residue ) cau/ic pota%4 ,transf] ! fus$ mass to a te/ tube1 neutralize ) hydro*loric acid1 & add a few drops ( f]ric *loride solution4 ,if ,tonka be pres5t 9 ! extract1 ! beautiful violet coloration *>act]i/ic ( salicylic acid w at once become evid5t4 ,vanilla ,sub/itute4--,a sub/itute = vanilla extract is made f syn!tic vanill94 ,! vanill9 is simply dissolv$ 9 dilut$ alcohol & ! solution color$ ) a little c>amel & sweet5$ p]haps ) syrup4 ,! foll[+ is a typical =mula3 ,vanill9 #a ounce ,alcohol #f qu>ts ,wat] #e qu>ts ,syrup #a qu>t ,c>amel suffici5t to color4 ,an extract s made does n :olly repres5t ! flavor ( ! bean2 :ile vanill9 is ! *ief flavor+ con/itu5t ( ! bean1 !re are pres5t o!r sub/ances :i* contribute to ! flavor2 & connoisseurs pref] ?is comb9ation1 ! rema9+ memb]s ( :i* h n yet be5 made artificially4 ,,vanill93 ,see ,vanilla4 ,v>ni%es 7,see also ,enamels1 ,glazes1 ,oils1 ,pa9ts1 ,ru/ ,prev5tives1 ,/a9s1 & ,wat]pro(+47 ,v>ni% is a solution ( res9\s matt] =m+ a cle>1 limpid fluid capable ( h>d5+ )\t los+ its transp>5cy4 ,x is us$ to give a %9+1 transp>5t1 h>d1 & pres]vative cov]+ to ! f9i%$ surface ( woodwork1 capable ( resi/+ 9 a great] or less degree ! influ5ce ( ! air & moi/ure4 ,?is coat+1 :5 appli$ to metal or m9]al surfaces1 takes ! "n ( lacqu]1 & mu/ be prep>$ f ros9s at once m adhesive & t5aci\s ?an ^? ent]+ into v>ni%4 ,! ros9s1 commonly call$ gums1 suitable = v>ni% are ( two k9ds--! h>d & ! s(t4 ,! h>d v>ieties are copal1 amb]1 & ! lac ros9s4 ,! dry s(t ros9s are junip] gum 7commonly call$ s&>ac71 ma/ic1 & damm>4 ,! ela/ic s(t ros9s are b5zo91 elemi1 anime1 & turp5t9e4 ,! sci5ce ( prep>+ v>ni% consi/s 9 comb9+ ^! classes ( ros9s 9 a suitable solv5t1 s t ea* conveys its good qualities & c\nt]acts ! bad ones ( ! o!rs1 & 9 giv+ ! desir$ color to ?is solution )\t affect+ ! susp5sion ( ! ros9s1 or detract+ f ! dry+ & h>d5+ prop]ties ( ! v>ni%4 ,9 _s v>ni% 7t made ) alcohol7 ! h>d & ! ela/ic gums mu/ be mix$ to insure t5d]ness & solidity1 z ! alcohol evaporates at once aft] apply+1 leav+ ! v>ni% :olly dep5d5t on ! gums = ! t5aci\s & adhesive prop]ties2 & if ! s(t ros9s pr$om9ate1 ! v>ni% w rema91 8tacky0 = a long "t4 ,_s v>ni%1 h[ev] good & conv5i5t to "w )1 mu/ always be inf]ior to oil v>ni%1 z ! latt] is at ! same "t m t5d] & m solid1 = ! oil 9 oxidiz+ & evaporat+ ?ick5s & =ms ros9 :i* cont9ues its s(t5+ & b9d+ pres5ce1 :]eas 9 a _s v>ni% ! alcohol is promptly dissipat$1 & leaves ! gums on ! surface ( ! "w 9 a m or less granul> & brittle precipitate :i* *ips readily & peels (f4 ,v>ni% mu/ be t5d] & 9 a mann] s(t4 ,x mu/ yield to ! movem5ts ( ! wood 9 exp&+ or contract+ ) ! heat or cold1 & mu/ n inclose ! wood l a %eet ( glass4 ,?is is :y oil v>ni% is sup]ior to _s v>ni%4 ,to obta9 ?is suppl5ess ! gums mu/ be dissolv$ 9 "s liquid n highly volatile l _s1 b "o :i* mixes ) !m 9 sub/ance p]man5tly to c\nt]act _! extreme friability4 ,su* solv5ts are ! oils ( lav5d]1 spike1 rosem>y1 & turp5t9e1 comb9$ ) l9se$ oil4 ,! vehicle 9 :i* ! ros9s are dissolv$ mu/ be s(t & rema9 s 9 ord] to #gae keep ! ros9s s(t :i* are ( !mselves naturally h>d4 ,any v>ni% f :i* ! solv5t has completely dri$ out mu/ ( necessity become h>d & glassy & *ip (f4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if ! v>ni% rema9s too s(t & 8tacky10 x w 8cake0 9 "t & de/roy ! effect desir$4 ,aside f ?is1 close obs]v]s if n *emi/s w agree t = ?is "w x is mu* m desirable to dissolve ^! ros9s 9 a liquid closely relat$ to !m 9 *emical composition1 r ?an 9 a liquid ( no *emical relation & :i* no d\bt *anges c]ta9 prop]ties ( ! ros9s1 & cuts !m into solution m %>ply ?an does turp5t9e or l9se$ oil4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ea* "t glue is liquefi$ x loses "s ( its adhesive prop]ties4 ,on ?is same pr9ciple x is n desirable to dissolve v>ni% ros9s 9 a liquid v unlike !m1 nor 9 "o 9 :i* !y are quickly & highly soluble4 ,mod]n ef=t has be5 b5t on inv5t+ a *eap v>ni%1 easily prep>$1 t w take ! place ( oil v>ni%1 & ! m>ket is flood$ ) b5z9e1 c>bon bisulphide1 & v>i\s e!r products :i* are next to wor?less :]e we>+ & durable prop]ties are desir$4 ,alcohol w hold 9 solution only ab\t "o-?ird ( its weight 9 ros9s4 ,turp5t9e mu/ be add$ always la/ to _s v>ni%4 ,turp5t9e 9 its cle> rec5tly di/ill$ /ate w n mix ) alcohol1 b mu/ fir/ be oxidiz$ by expos+ x to ! air 9 an uncork$ bottle until a small quantity tak5 !refrom mixes p]fectly ) alcohol4 ,?is usually takes f a mon? to six weeks4 ,ma/ic mu/ be add$ la/ ( all to ! +r$i5ts ( _s v>ni%1 z x is n :olly soluble 9 alcohol b entirely s 9 a solution ( ros9s 9 alcohol4 ,_s v>ni%es t prove too h>d & brittle may be improv$ by ! addition ( ei!r ( ! oils ( turp5t9e1 ca/or se$1 lav5d]1 rosem>y1 or spike1 9 ! proportion requir$ to br+ ! v>ni% to ! prop] temp]4 ,color+ 8,_s0 ,v>ni%es4--,9 mod]n works ! foll[+ color+ sub/ances are us$1 sep>ately & 9 bl5ds3 ,saffron 7brilliant gold5 yell[71 dragon's blood 7deep r$di% br[n71 gamboge 7bright yell[71 ,socotr9e or ,bombay aloes 7liv] br[n71 asphalt1 ivory1 & bone black 7black71 s&alwood1 pt]oc>pus santal9us1 ! he>twood 7d>k r$71 ,indian s&alwood1 pt]oc>pus indica1 ! he>twood 7orange r$71 brazil wood 7d>k yell[71 myrrh 7yell[i% to r$di% br[n2 d>k5s on exposure71 madd] 7r$di% br[n71 logwood 7br[n71 r$ scammony ros9 7light r$71 turm]ic 7orange yell[71 & _m o!rs accord+ to ! v>i\s %ades desir$4 ,manufactur+ ,h9ts4--,glass1 co>sely p[d]$1 is (t5 add$ to v>ni% :5 mix$ 9 l>ge quantities = ! purpose ( cutt+ ! ros9s & prev5t+ !m f adh]+ to ! bottom & sides ( ! conta9]4 ,:5 possible1 v>ni% %\ld always be comp\nd$ )\t ! use ( heat1 z ?is c>bonizes & o!rwise *anges ! con/itu5ts1 &1 besides1 dang] always ensues f ! highly inflammable nature ( ! mat]ial employ$4 ,h[ev]1 :5 heat is necess>y1 a wat] ba? %\ld always be us$2 ! v>ni% %\ld nev] fill ! vessel ov] a half to ?ree-f\r?s ( its capacity4 ,! ,gums ,us$ 9 ,mak+ ,v>ni%4--,junip] gum or true s&>ac comes 9 long1 yell[i%1 du/y te>s1 & requires a high temp]ature = its manipulation 9 oil4 ,! oil mu/ be s hot z to scor* a fea!r dipp$ into x1 be=e ?is gum is add$2 o!rwise ! gum is burn$4 ,because ( ?is1 junip] gum is usually displac$ 9 oil v>ni% by gum damm>4 ,bo? ( ^! gums1 by _! dryness1 c\nt]act ! ela/icity ( oil z well z ( o!r gums4 ,! usual s&>ac ( comm]ce is a brittle1 yell[1 transp>5t ros9 f ,africa1 m soluble 9 turp5t9e ?an 9 alcohol4 ,its excess r5d]s v>ni% h>d & brittle4 ,comm]cial s&>ac is also (t5 a mixture ( ! ,african ros9 ) damm> or h>d ,indian copal1 ! place ( ! ,african ros9 be+ sometimes tak5 by true junip] gum4 ,?is mixture is ! p\nce ( ! %ops1 & is almo/ insoluble 9 alcohol or turp5t9e4 ,damm> also l>gely takes ! place ( t5d] copal1 gum anime1 :ite amb]1 :ite inc5se1 & :ite ros94 ,! latt] ?ree names are also (t5 appli$ to a mixture ( oil & ,grecian wax1 sometimes us$ 9 v>ni%4 ,:5 gum damm> is us$ z ! ma9 ros9 9 a v>ni%1 x %\ld be fir/ fus$ & br\ght to a boil+ po9t1 b n ?aw$4 ,?is elim9ates ! prop]ty t r5d]s damm> v>ni% s(t & 8tacky0 if n treat$ z above4 ,v5etian turp5t9e has a t5d5cy to r5d] v>ni% 8tacky0 & mu/ be skillfully c\nt]act$ if ?is effect is to be avoid$4 ,b5zo9 9 v>ni% expos$ to any degree ( dampness has a #gaf t5d5cy to swell1 & mu/ 9 su* cases be avoid$4 ,elemi1 a fragrant ros9 f ,egypt1 9 "t gr[s h>d & brittle1 & is n s soluble 9 alcohol z anime1 :i* is highly e/eem$ = its m t5d] qualities4 ,copal is a "n giv5 r indiscrim9ately to v>i\s gums & ros9s4 ,! ,ea/ ,indian or ,african is ! t5d] copal1 & is s(t] & m transp>5t ?an ! o!r v>ieties2 :5 pure x is freely soluble 9 oil ( turp5t9e or rosem>y4 ,h>d copal comes 9 its be/ =m f ,mexico1 & is n readily soluble 9 oil unless fir/ fus$4 ,! brilliant1 deep-r$ color ( old v>ni% is said to be bas$ on dragon's blood1 b n ! k9d t comes 9 /icks1 cones1 etc4 7:i* is always adult]at$71 b ! cle>1 pure te>1 deep] 9 color ?an a c>buncle1 & z cry/al z a ruby4 ,?is is seldom se5 9 ! m>ket1 z is also ! te> ( gamboge1 :i*1 mix$ ) ! te> ( dragon's blood1 is said to be ! basis ( ! brilliant orange & gold v>ni% ( ! anci5ts4 ,( all applications us$ to adorn & protect ! surface ( objects1 oil v>ni%es or lacqu]s conta9+ h>d ros9s are ! be/1 z !y furni% a h>d1 glossy coat+ :i* does n crack & is v durable ev5 :5 expos$ to w9d & ra94 ,to obta9 a v>ni% ( ^! desirable qualities ! be/ old l9se$ oil1 or v>ni% made f x1 mu/ be comb9$ ) ! residue left by ! dry di/illation ( amb] or v h>d copal4 ,?is di/illation removes a quantity ( volatile oil am\nt+ to "o-f\r? or "o-fif? ( ! orig9al weight4 ,! residue is pulv]iz$ & dissolv$ 9 hot l9se$-oil v>ni%1 =m+ a ?ick1 visc\s1 yell[-br[n liquid1 :i*1 z a rule1 mu/ be ?9n$ ) oil ( turp5t9e be=e be+ appli$4 ,h>d ros9 oil v>ni% ( ?is sort may conv5i5tly be mix$ ) ! solution ( asphalt 9 ! oil ( turp5t9e ) ! aid ( ! simple app>atus describ$ bel[1 z ! /iffness ( ! two liquids makes h& /irr+ sl[ & labori\s4 ,a cask is m\nt$ on an axle :i* projects ?r\gh bo? heads1 b is incl9$ to ! axis ( ! cask1 s t :5 ! ends ( ! axle are set 9 be>+s & ! cask is revolv$1 ea* end ( ! cask w rise & fall alt]nately1 & any liquid :i* only p>tly fills ! cask w be ?or\ghly mix$ & *urn$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,! cask is two-?irds fill$ ) ! two ?ick v>ni%es 7h>d ros9 9 l9se$ oil & asphalt 9 ! oil ( turp5t9e7 9 ! desir$ proportion1 & aft] ^! h be5 intimately mix$ by turn+ ! cask1 a suffici5t quantity ( rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e to give prop] consi/5ce is add$ & ! rotation is cont9u$ until ! mixture is p]fectly uni=m4 ,to obta9 ! be/ & mo/ durable result ) ?is mix$ oil1 ros91 & asphalt v>ni% x is advisable to dilute x freely ) oil ( turp5t9e & to apply #b or #c coats1 all[+ ea* coat to dry be=e ! next is put on4 ,9 ?is way a deep black & v glossy surface is obta9$ :i* _c be di/+ui%$ f g5u9e ,japanese lacqu]4 ,_m =mulas = mak+ ^! mix$ asphalt v>ni%es conta9 ros9--usually ,am]ican ros94 ,! result is ! production ( a *eap] b inf]ior v>ni%4 ,! addition ( su* s(t ros9s z elemi & copaiba1 h[ev]1 is made = ano!r reason1 & x improves ! quality ( ! v>ni% = c]ta9 purposes4 ,?\gh ^! ros9s s(t5 ! lacqu]1 !y also make x m ela/ic1 & !re=e m suitable = coat+ lea!r & textile fabrics1 z x does n crack 9 consequ5ce ( repeat$ b5d+1 roll+1 & fold+4 ,9 color+ _s v>ni% ! alcohol %\ld always be color$ fir/ to ! desir$ %ade be=e mix+ ) ! ros91 except :]e ivory or bone black is us$4 ,if ! color is tak5 f a gum1 due all[ance = ! same mu/ be made 9 ! ros9s ( ! v>ni%4 ,= in/ance1 9 a v>ni% bas$ on ma/ic1 #aj p>ts1 & t5d] copal1 #e p>ts1 9 #ajj p>ts1 if ?is is to be color$ )1 say1 #h p>ts ( dragon's blood 7or any o!r color gum71 ! ros9s mu/ be r$uc$ to ma/ic1 #h p>ts1 & t5d] copal1 #d p>ts4 ,eight p>ts ( color gum are "h equival5t to #c p>ts ( v>ni% ros94 ,?is holds true ) gamboge1 aloes1 myrrh1 & ! o!r gum ros9s us$ = _! color4 ,?is seem+ disproportion is due to ! in]t matt] & gum insoluble 9 alcohol1 always pres5t 9 ^! gum ros9s4 ,%ellac ,v>ni%4--,?is is made 9 ! g5]al proportion ( #c p\nds ( %ellac to a gallon ( alcohol1 ! color1 temp]1 etc41 to be det]m9$ by ! requirem5ts ( ! pur*as]1 & ! nature ( ! wood to :i* ! v>ni% is to be appli$4 ,%ellac v>ni% is usually temp]$ ) s&>ac1 elemi1 damm>1 & ! oil ( l9se$1 turp5t9e1 spike1 or rosem>y4 ,v>i\s impurities held 9 susp5sion 9 %ellac v>ni% may be entirely precipitat$ by ! gradual addition ( "s #gag cry/als ( oxalic acid1 /irr+ ! v>ni% to aid _! solution1 & !n sett+ x aside ov]night to p]mit ! impurities to settle4 ,no m acid %\ld be us$ ?an is really necess>y4 ,rules = ,v>ni%+4--#a4 ,avoid z f> z possible all manipulations ) ! v>ni%es2 d n dilute !m ) oil ( turp5t9e1 & lea/ ( all ) siccative1 to exp$ite ! dry+4 ,if ! v>ni% has become too ?ick 9 consequ5ce ( faulty /or+1 x %\ld be heat$ & receive an addition ( hot1 well-boil$ l9se$-oil v>ni% & oil ( turp5t9e4 ,l9se$-oil v>ni% or oil ( turp5t9e add$ to ! v>ni% at a common temp]ature r5d]s x /reaky 7flaccul5t7 & dim & has an unfavorable influ5ce on ! dry+2 oil ( turp5t9e takes away ! gloss ( v>ni%4 #b4 ,v>ni%+ mu/ be done only on smoo?1 clean surfaces1 if a f9e1 mirror-l gloss is desir$4 #c4 ,v>ni% mu/ be p\r$ only into clean vessels1 & f ^! nev] back into ! /ation>y vessels1 if x has be5 9 contact ) ! bru%4 ,use only dry bru%es = v>ni%+1 :i* are n moi/ ) oil ( turp5t9e or l9se$ oil or v>ni%4 #d4 ,apply v>ni%es ( all k9ds z uni=mly z possible2 spread !m out ev5ly on ! surfaces s t !y =m nei!r too ?ick nor too ?9 a lay]4 ,if ! v>ni% is put on too ?9 ! coat+ %[s no gloss2 if appli$ too ?ick x does n get ev5 & does n =m a smoo? surface1 b a wavy "o4 #e4 ,l all oil-pa9t coat+s1 e coat ( v>ni% mu/ be p]fectly dry be=e a new "o is put on2 o!rwise x is likely t ! :ole "w w %[ cracks4 ,! consum] ( v>ni% is only too apt to blame ! v>ni% = all defects :i* appe> 9 8 "w or develop aft] "s "t1 al?\gh ?is c only be prov5 9 r>e cases4 ,z a rule1 ! gr\nd 0 n prep>$ "r & ! diff]5t lay]s ( pa9t 7 n suffici5tly dry1 if ! surfaces crack aft] a comp>atively %ort "t & h ! appe>ance ( maps4 ,! crack+ ( pa9t mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! crack+ ( ! v>ni%1 = ! crack+ ( ! pa9t w cause ! v>ni% to crack prematurely4 ,! v>ni% has to /& m ?an ! pa9t2 x protects ! latt]1 & z x is transp>5t1 ! defects ( ! pa9t are visible ?r\gh ! v>ni%1 :i* frequ5tly causes "o to =m ! errone\s conclusion t ! v>ni% has crack$4 #f4 ,all v>ni% coat+s mu/ dry sl[ly1 & dur+ ! dry+ mu/ be absolutely protect$ f du/1 flies1 etc41 until !y h rea*$ t /age :5 we c pass ! back ( ! h& or a f+] ov] !m )\t /ick+ to x4 ,! production ( faultless v>ni%+ 9 mo/ cases dep5ds on ! accuracy ( ! v>ni%]1 on ! treatm5t ( 8 bru%1 8 v>ni% pot1 & all ! o!r accessories4 ,a bru% :i* /ill holds ! split po9ts ( ! bri/les nev] v>ni%es cle>2 !y are rubb$ (f easily & spoil ! v>ni%$ "w4 ,a bru% :i* has nev] be5 us$ does n produce clean "w2 x %\ld be tri$ sev]al times1 & :5 x is f\nd t ! v>ni%+ accompli%$ by its use is neat & satisfactory x %\ld be kept v c>efully4 ,! pres]vation ( ! bru% is ?us accompli%$3 ,fir/ ( all d n place x 9 oil or v>ni%1 = ?is w\ld =m a sk91 p>ts ( :i* w\ld adh]e to x1 r5d]+ ! v>ni%$ surface unclean & gra9y2 besides ^! sk9s !re are o!r p>ticles :i* accumulate 9 ! corn]s & _c be remov$ by du/+ (f2 ^! w also injure ! "w4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve ! bru% prop]ly1 ins]t x 9 a glass ( suitable size ?r\gh a cork 9 ! middle ( :i* a hole has be5 bor$ exactly fitt+ ! h&le4 ,into ! glass p\r a mixture ( equal p>ts ( alcohol & oil ( turp5t9e1 & all[ only ! po9t ( ! bru% to t\* ! mixture1 if at all4 ,if ! cork is air-tight ! bru% _c dry 9 ! vapor ( oil ( turp5t9e & _s4 ,f "t to "t ! liquids 9 ! glass %\ld be repl5i%$4 ,if ! v>ni% rema9s 9 ! v>ni% receptacle1 a little alcohol may be p\r$ on1 :i* c d ! v>ni% no h>m4 ,at all ev5ts ! v>ni% w be prev5t$ f dry+ on ! walls ( ! vessel & f becom+ cov]$ by a sk9 :i* is produc$ by ! l9se$ oil1 & :i* indicates t ! v>ni% is bo? fat & p]man5t4 ,no sk9 =ms on a meag] v>ni%1 ev5 :5 x drys ?ick4 ,aft] complete dry+ ( ! coat ( v>ni% x sometimes happ5s t ! v>ni% becomes :ite1 blue1 dim1 or bl9d4 ,if v>ni% turns :ite on exposure to ! air ! quality is at fault4 ,! v>ni% is ei!r n fat en\gh or x conta9s a ros9 unsuitable = ext]ior "w 7copal74 ,! :it5+ occurs a few days aft] ! dry+ ( ! v>ni% & c be remov$ only by rubb+ (f ! v>ni%4 ,prev5t+ ,v>ni% f ,crawl+4--,rub d[n ! surface to be v>ni%$ #gah ) %>p v9eg>4 ,coat+ ) /rongly dilut$ ox gall is also ( advantage4 ,amb] ,v>ni%4--,?is v>ni% is capable ( giv+ a v sup]ior poli% or surface1 & is especially valuable = coa* & o!r high-class "w4 ,! amb] is fir/ blea*$ by plac+ a quantity--say ab\t #g p\nds--( yell[ amb] 9 a suitable receptacle1 su* z an e>!nw>e crucible1 ( suffici5t /r5g?1 add+ #ad p\nds ( sal gemm 7rock or fossil salt71 & !n p\r+ 9 z mu* spr+ wat] z w dissolve ! sal gemm4 ,:5 ! latt] is dissolv$ m wat] is add$1 & ! crucible is plac$ ov] a fire until ! color ( ! amb] is *ang$ to a p]fect :ite4 ,! blea*$ amb] is !n plac$ 9 an iron pot & heat$ ov] a common fire until x is completely dissolv$1 aft] :i* ! melt+ pot is remov$ f ! fire1 & :5 suffici5tly cool ! amb] is tak5 f ! pot & imm]s$ 9 spr+ wat] to elim9ate ! sal gemm1 aft] :i* ! amb] is put back into ! pot & is aga9 heat$ ov] ! fire till ! amb] is dissolv$4 ,:5 ! op]ation is f9i%$ ! amb] is remov$ f ! pot & spread out ^u a clean m>ble slab to dry until all ! wat] has evaporat$1 & is aft]w>ds expos$ to a g5tle heat to entirely deprive x ( humidity4 ,asphalt ,v>ni%es4--,natural asphalt is n entirely soluble 9 any liquid4 ,alcohol dissolves only a small p]c5tage ( x1 e!r a mu* l>g] proportion4 ,! be/ solv5ts are b5zol1 b5z9e1 rectifi$ petroleum1 ! ess5tial oils1 & *lor(orm1 :i* leave only a small residue undissolv$4 ,! employm5t ( e!r z a solv5t is impracticable because ( its l[ boil+ po9t1 #ig ,f41 & great volatility4 ,! v>ni% w\ld dry almo/ "u ! bru%4 ,*lor(orm is n op5 to ?is objection1 b x is too exp5sive = ord9>y use4 ,rectifi$ petroleum is a good solv5t ( asphalt1 b x is n a desirable +r$i5t ( v>ni% because1 ?\gh ! great] "p ( x soon evaporates1 a small quantity ( less volatile sub/ances1 :i* is usually pres5t 9 ev5 ! mo/ ?or\ghly rectifi$ petroleum1 causes ! v>ni% to rema9 8tacky0 = a consid]able "t & to reta9 a disagreeable odor mu* long]4 ,common coal-t> b5z9e is also a good solv5t & has ! m]it ( *eapness1 b its great volatility makes ! v>ni% dry too quickly = conv5i5t use1 especially 9 summ]4 ,! be/ solv5t1 probably1 is oil ( turp5t9e1 :i* dissolves asphalt almo/ completely1 produc+ a v>ni% :i* dries quickly & =ms a p]fect coat+ if ! turp5t9e has be5 well rectifi$4 ,! turp5t9e %\ld be a 8wat] :ite10 or entirely colorless1 liquid ( /rong optical refractive p[] & agreeable odor1 )\t a trace ( smok9ess4 ,a lay] #a_/e ( an in* 9 dep? %\ld evaporate 9 a %ort "t s completely z to leave no /a9 on a glass di%4 ,b ev5 solutions ( ! be/ ,syrian asphalt 9 ! pure/ oil ( turp5t9e1 if !y are all[$ to /& undi/urb$ = a long "t 9 l>ge vessels1 deposit a ?ick1 semi-fluid precipitate :i* a l>ge addition ( oil ( turp5t9e fails to conv]t into a uni=m ?9 liquid4 ,x may be assum$ t ?is deposit consi/s ( an insoluble or ne>ly insoluble "p ( ! asphalt :i*1 p]haps1 has be5 depriv$ ( solubility by ! action ( light4 ,h5ce1 9 ord] to obta9 a uni=m solution1 ?is ?ick "p mu/ be remov$4 ,?is c be done1 ?\gh imp]fectly1 by c>efully decant+ ! solution aft] x has /ood = a long "t 9 l>ge vessels4 ,?is t$i\s & tr\blesome process may be avoid$ by filt]+ ! solution z x is made1 by ! foll[+ simple & q satisfactory me?od3 ,! solution is made 9 a l>ge cask1 ly+ on its side1 ) a r\nd hole ab\t #h in*es 9 diamet] 9 its upp] bilge4 ,?is op5+ is provid$ ) a well-fitt+ cov]1 to ! bottom ( :i* a hook is atta*$4 ,! asphalt is plac$ 9 a bag ( closely wov5 canvas1 :i* is inclos$ 9 a second bag ( ! same mat]ial4 ,! diamet] ( ! d\ble bag1 :5 fill$1 %\ld be su* z to all[ x to pass easily ?r\gh ! op5+ 9 ! cask1 & its l5g? su* t1 :5 x is hung on ! hook1 its l[] end is ab\t #h in*es above ! bottom ( ! cask4 ,! cask is !n fill$ ) rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e1 clos$1 & left undi/urb$ = sev]al days4 ,! oil ( turp5t9e p5etrates into ! bag & dissolves ! asphalt1 & ! solution1 :i* is heavi] ?an pure oil ( turp5t9e1 exudes ?r\gh ! canvas & s9ks to ! bottom ( ! cask4 ,^? p>ts ( ! asphalt :i* are q insoluble1 or m]ely swell 9 ! oil ( turp5t9e1 _c pass ?r\gh ! canvas1 & are remov$ ) ! bag1 leav+ a p]fect solution4 ,:5 all soluble portions h be5 dissolv$1 ! bag1 ) ! cov]1 is rais$ & hung ov] ! op5+ to dra94 ,if pulv]iz$ asphalt has #gai be5 us$ ! bag is f\nd to conta9 only a small quantity ( semi-fluid residue4 ,?is1 ?9n$ ) oil ( turp5t9e & appli$ ) a /iff bru% & consid]able =ce1 =ms a ?ick1 wea!r-resi/+1 & v durable coat+ = planks1 etc4 ,! proportion ( asphalt to oil ( turp5t9e is s *os5 z to produce1 9 ! cask1 a pretty ?ick v>ni%1 :i* may be ?9n$ to any desir$ degree by add+ m turp5t9e4 ,= use1 x %\ld be j ?ick en\gh to cov] bright t9 & entirely conceal ! metal ) a s+le coat4 ,:5 dry1 ?is coat is v ?91 b x adh]es v firmly1 & cont9ually increases 9 h>dness1 probably because ( ! effect ( light4 ,?is supposition is support$ by ! difficulty ( remov+ an old coat ( asphalt v>ni%1 :i* w n dissolve 9 turp5t9e ev5 aft] long imm]sion1 & usually mu/ be remov$ by me*anical means4 ,= a p]fect1 quick-dry+ asphalt v>ni% ! pure/ asphalt mu/ be us$1 su* z ,syrian1 or ! be/ ,tr9idad4 ,tr9idad seconds1 ?\gh bett] ?an "s o!r asphalts1 yield an inf]ior v>ni%1 ow+ to ! pres5ce ( impurities4 ,( artificial asphalt1 ! be/ = ?is purpose is ! sort kn[n z 8m9]al ca\t*\c10 :i* is especially suitable = ! manufacture ( ela/ic dress+s = lea!r & o!r flexible sub/ances4 ,= wood & metal x is less desirable1 z x nev] becomes z h>d z natural asphalt4 ,,=mulas3 ,i4--,a solution ( #a "p ( ca\t*\c 9 #af p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e or k]os5e is mix$ ) a solution ( #af p>ts ( copal 9 #h p>ts ( l9se$-oil v>ni%4 ,to ! mixture is add$ a solution ( #b p>ts ( asphalt 9 #c or #d p>ts ( l9se$-oil v>ni% dilut$ ) #h or #aj p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e1 & ! :ole is filt]$4 ,?is is a f9e ela/ic v>ni%4 ,,ii4--,coal-t> asphalt1 ,am]ican asphalt1 ros91 b5z9e1 ea* #bj p>ts2 l9se$-oil v>ni%1 oil ( turp5t9e1 coal-t> oil1 ea* #aj p>ts2 b9oxide ( manganese1 roa/$ lampblack1 ea* #b p>ts4 ,! solid +r$i5ts are melt$ toge!r & mix$ ) ! l9se$-oil v>ni%1 into :i* ! lampblack has be5 /irr$1 &1 f9ally1 ! o!r liquids are add$4 ,! v>ni% is /ra9$ ?r\gh t[4 ,bicycle ,v>ni%4--,?is is a _s v>ni%1 pref]ably made by a cold process1 & requires less te*nical k ?an ! prep>ation ( fatty v>ni%es4 ,! *ief dep5d5ce is ^u ! *oice ( ! raw mat]ials4 ,^! raw mat]ials1 copal1 %ellac1 etc41 are fir/ brok5 up small & plac$ 9 a b>rel adapt$ = turn+ ^u an axis1 ) a h& crank1 or ) a belt & pulley f a p[] %aft4 ,! b>rel is ( c\rse simply m\nt$ 9 a frame ( wood or iron1 :i*ev] is ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,aft] ! b>rel has receiv$ its raw mat]ial1 x may be />t$ & kept revolv+ = #bd h\rs4 ,long int]ruptions 9 ! turn+ mu/ be c>efully avoid$1 p>ticul>ly 9 summ]1 = ! mat]ial 9 ! b>rel1 :5 at re/1 w1 at ?is season1 soon =m a l>ge lump1 to dissolve :i* w consume mu* "t & labor4 ,to prev5t ! =mation ( a semi-solid mass1 z well z to facilitate ! dissolv+ ( ! gum1 x w\ld be well to put "s h>d1 smoo? /ones into ! b>rel ) ! v>ni% +r$i5ts4 ,bicycle ,dipp+ ,v>ni% 7,bak+ ,v>ni%74--,take #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( ,syrian asphalt2 #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( copal oil2 #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( ?ick v>ni% oil1 & #aje p>ts1 by weight1 turp5t9e oil1 to :i* add #g p>ts1 by weight1 ( dri]4 ,:5 ! asphalt is melt$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 add ! copal oil & heat x until ! wat] is driv5 (f1 z copal oil is seldom free f wat]4 ,n[ take x (f ! fire & all[ x to cool2 add fir/ ! siccative1 !n ! turp5t9e & l9se$ oil1 :i* h be5 previ\sly ?or\ghly mix$ toge!r4 ,?is bicycle v>ni% does n get completely black until x is bak$4 ,black ,v>ni%es4--,black _s lacqu]s are employ$ 9 ! wood & metal indu/ries4 ,diff]5t k9ds are produc$ accord+ to _! use4 ,!y are call$ black ,japanese v>ni%es1 or black brilliant v>ni%es4 ,black ,japanese ,v>ni%4--,i4--,sculpture v>ni%1 #e p>ts2 r$ ac>oid v>ni%1 #b p>ts2 anil9e black1 #a_/d "p2 ,lyons blue1 4#jjae p>ts4 ,if a sculpture v>ni% prep>$ ) heat$ copal is employ$1 a black lacqu] ( especially good quality is obta9$4 ,usually #a p] c5t ( oil ( lav5d] is add$4 ,,ii4--,%ellac #d p>ts ,borax #b p>ts ,glyc]9e #b p>ts ,anil9e black #e p>ts ,wat] #ej p>ts ,dissolve ! borax 9 ! wat]1 add #gbj ! %ellac1 & heat until solution is effect$2 !n add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,?is is a mat-black v>ni%4 ,= ,blackbo>ds4--,= black5+ ^! bo>ds mix #a_/b lit] 7#a4je p9ts7 good alcohol1 #gj grams 7#a1jhj gra9s7 %ellac1 #f grams 7#ib gra9s7 f9e lampblack1 #c grams 7#df gra9s7 f9e *alk free f s&4 ,if r$ l9es are to be drawn1 mix ! necess>y quantity ( r$ lead 9 alcohol & %ellac4 ,bookb9d]s' ,v>ni%es4-- ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,v ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,c5t ,c5t ,c5t ,c5t ,c5t ,%ellac #ad4e #f4e #ac4e #f4c #h4c ,ma/ic #f4j #b4j -- -- #a4a ,s&>ac #f4j #ac4j -- #a4c #a4a ,camphor #a4j -- #j4e #a4e -- ,b5zo9 -- -- -- -- #ac4g ,alcohol #gb4e #gh4e #hf4j #gi4b #ge4h ,sc5t ) oil ( b5zo91 ( lav5d]1 or ( rosem>y4 ,o!r au?ors give ! foll[+ recipes3 ,,vi ,,vii ,,viii ,,ix ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,c5t ,c5t ,c5t ,c5t ,blond %ellac #aa4e #ac4j #i4j -- ,:ite %ellac #aa4e -- -- -- ,camphor -- #j4g -- -- ,p[d]$ sug> -- #j4g -- -- ,s&>ac -- -- #ah4j #f4f ,ma/ic -- -- -- #ac4j ,v5ice turp5t9e -- -- #b4j #f4f ,alcohol #gg4j #he4f #ga4j #gc4h ,all solutions may be prep>$ 9 ! cold1 b ! fact t ma/ic does n dissolve entirely1 mu/ n be lo/ sight (4 ,bottle ,v>ni%4--,bottles may be made to exclude light pretty well by coat+ !m ) asphaltum lacqu] or v>ni%4 ,a =mula recomm5d$ = ?is purpose is z foll[s3 ,dissolve asphaltum1 #a "p1 9 light coal-t> oil1 #b p>ts1 & add to ! solution ab\t #a p] c5t ( ca/or oil4 ,?is lacqu] dries some:at sl[ly1 b adh]es v firmly to ! glass4 ,asphaltum lacqu] may also be r5d]$ less brittle by ! addition ( elemi4 ,melt toge!r asphaltum1 #aj p>ts1 & elemi1 #a "p1 & dissolve ! cold fus$ mass 9 light coal-t> oil1 #ab p>ts4 ,amb]-color$ bottles = sub/ances act$ ^u by ! act9ic rays ( light may be obta9$ f almo/ any manufactur] ( bottles4 ,c ,v>ni%4--,dissolve %ellac1 #ae p>ts1 by weight2 ,v5ice turp5t9e1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 & s&>ac1 #h p>ts1 by weight1 9 _s1 #ge p>ts1 by weight4 ,copal ,v>ni%4--,v f9e copal v>ni% = ^? p>ts ( c>riages :i* require ! highe/ poli%1 is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,i4--,melt #h p\nds be/ copal & mix ) #bj p\nds v cle> matur$ oil4 ,!n boil #d to #e h\rs at mod]ate heat until x draws ?reads2 n[ mix ) #ce p\nds oil ( turp5t9e1 /ra9 & keep = use4 ,?is v>ni% dries r sl[ly1 !re=e v>ni%]s g5]ally mix x "o-half ) ano!r v>ni%1 :i* is prep>$ by boil+ = #d h\rs1 #bj p\nds cle> l9se$ oil & #h p\nds v pure1 :ite anime ros91 to :i* is subsequ5tly add$ #ce p\nds oil ( turp5t9e4 ,,ii4--,mix ! foll[+ two v>ni%es3 7a7 ,eight p\nds copal1 #aj p\nds l9se$ oil1 #a_/b p\nd dri$ sug> ( lead1 #ce p\nds oil ( turp5t9e4 7b7 ,eight p\nds good anime ros91 #aj p\nds l9se$ oil1 #a_/d p\nd z9c vitriol1 #ce p\nds oil ( turp5t9e4 ,ea* ( ^! two sets is boil$ sep>ately into v>ni% & /ra9$1 & !n bo? are mix$4 ,?is v>ni% dries 9 #f h\rs 9 w9t]1 & 9 #d h\rs 9 summ]4 ,= old articles :i* are to be re-v>ni%$ black1 x is v suitable4 ,ela/ic ,limpid ,gum ,v>ni%es4--,i4--,9 ord] to obta9 a limpid rubb] v>ni%1 x is ess5tial to h ! rubb] entirely free f wat]4 ,?is c be obta9$ by cutt+ ! rubb] into ?9 /rips1 or bett]1 into %r$s z f9e z possible1 & dry+ !m1 at a temp]ature ( f #ajd to #abb ,f41 = sev]al days or until !y are wat] free1 !n proce$ z foll[s3 ,,ii4--,dissolve #a "p ( ! desiccat$ rubb] 9 #h p>ts ( petroleum e!r 7b5z9e7 & add #b p>ts ( fat copal v>ni% & /ir 94 ,or1 cov] #b p>ts ( dri$ rubb] ) #a "p ( e!r2 let /& = sev]al days1 or until ! rubb] has tak5 up z mu* ( ! e!r z x w1 !n liquefy by /&+ 9 a vessel ( mod]ately w>m wat]4 ,:ile /ill w>m1 /ir 9 #b p>ts ( l9se$ oil1 cut ) #b p>ts ( turp5t9e oil4 ,,enamel ,,v>ni%es3 ,antiseptic ,enamel4--,?is consi/s ( a solution ( spiritu\s gum lac1 ros91 & copal1 ) addition ( salicylic acid1 etc4 ,its purpose is ma9ly ! prev5tion or removal ( mold or fung\s =mation4 ,! salicylic acid conta9$ 9 ! mass acts z an antiseptic dur+ ! pa9t+1 & de/roys all fungi pres5t4 #gba ,ba?-,tub ,enamel ,unaffect$ by ,hot ,wat]4--,i4--,9 ord] to make pa9t hold on ! z9c or t9n$ copp] l9+ ( a ba? tub1 a wa% mu/ be us$ to produce a film to :i* oil pa9t w adh]e4 ,fir/ remove all grease1 etc41 ) a solution ( soda or ammonia & dry ! surface ?or\ghly2 !n apply ) a wide1 s(t bru% equal p>ts1 by weight1 ( *loride ( copp]1 nitrate ( copp]1 & sal ammoniac1 dissolv$ 9 #fd p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]4 ,:5 dissolv$ add #a "p1 by weight1 ( comm]cial muriatic acid4 ,?is solution mu/ be kept 9 glass or e>!nw>e4 ,x w dry 9 ab\t #ab h\rs1 giv+ a grayi%-black coat+ to :i* pa9t w firmly adh]e4 ,! prim+ coat %\ld be :ite lead ?9n$ ) turp5t9e1 ) only j suffici5t l9se$ oil to b9d x4 ,aft] ?is is ?or\ghly dry1 apply "o or m coats ( special ba?-tub enamel1 or a gloss pa9t made by mix+ coa* colors gr\nd 9 ,japan ) h>d-dry+ v>ni% ( ! be/ quality4 ,mo/ fir/-class manufactur]s h special grades t w /& hot wat]4 ,,ii4--,! foll[+ prep>ation produces a brilliant surface on metals & is v durable1 resi/+ ! effect ( bl[s )\t scal+ or *ipp+ (f1 & be+ !re=e highly suitable = cycles & any o!r articles expos$ to %ock3 ,= ! manufacture ( #dd gallons1 #aa p\nds ( r$ copp]1 #h4h p\nds ( yell[ copp]1 #d4d p\nds ( h>d /eel1 & #d4d p\nds ( s(t /eel1 all 9 a comm9ut$ condition1 are well wa%$ 9 petroleum or m9]al _s1 & are !n treat$ ) conc5trat$ sulphuric acid 9 a lead-l9$ vessel1 ) cont9u$ /irr+ = #b h\rs4 ,aft] #ab h\rs' re/ ! sulphuric acid is neutraliz$ ) ,javel extract1 & ! f9e p[d] left 9 ! vessel is pass$ ?r\gh a silk sieve to remove any fragm5ts ( metal1 !n gr\nd along ) l9se$ oil1 ivory black1 & petroleum1 ! f9ely divid$ mass be+ aft]w>ds filt]$ ?r\gh flannel & incorporat$ ) a mixture ( ,bombay gum1 #bb p\nds2 ,damascus gum1 #aa p\nds2 ,judea bitum51 #bb p\nds2 ,norwegian t> ros91 #aa p\nds2 & #aa p\nds ( ivory black gr\nd v f9e 9 ref9$ petroleum4 ,:5 p]fectly homog5e\s ! mass is aga9 filt]$1 & is !n ready = use4 ,x is laid on ) a bru%1 & !n fix$ by exposure to a temp]ature ( betwe5 #djj & #hjj ,f4 ,! ivory black may be replac$ by o!r color+ matt]s1 accord+ to requirem5ts4 ,a ,color ,enamel4--,on ! piece to be enamel$ apply oil v>ni% or :ite lead1 & add a p[d] giv+ brilliant reflections1 su* z diamant9e1 brilliant9e1 or arg5t9e4 ,dry 9 a /ove4 ,apply a new coat ( v>ni%4 ,apply ! p[d] aga91 & f9ally heat 9 ! ov54 ,aft]w>ds1 apply sev]al lay]s ( v>ni%2 dry ea* lay] 9 ! ov54 ,apply pumice /one 9 p[d] or tripoli1 & f9ally apply a lay] ( ,sw$i% v>ni%1 dry+ 9 ! ov54 ,?is enamel does n crack4 ,x adh]es p]fectly1 & is advantage\s = ! pieces ( cycles & o!r mobiles4 ,cold ,enamel+4--,?is /yle ( enamel+ is g5]ally employ$ = repair+ purposes4 ,! v>i\s colors are ei!r prep>$ ) copal v>ni% & a little oil ( turp5t9e1 or else !y are melt$ toge!r ) ma/ic & a trifle ( oil ( spike4 ,9 us+ ! =m]1 ! surface usually settles d[n on dry+1 & ord9>ily ! latt] is pref]r$1 :i* is run on ! crack$-(f spot by w>m+ ! article4 ,aft] ! cool+1 file ! cold enamel (f uni=mly1 & re/ore ! gloss by quickly draw+ x ?r\gh ! flame4 ,= black cold enamel melt ma/ic toge!r ) lampblack1 :i* is easily obta9$ by caus+ ! flame ( a wick dipp$ into l9se$ oil to t\* a piece ( t94 ,:ite4--,:ite lead or flake :ite4 ,r$4--,c>m9e or c9nab> 7v]milion74 ,blue4--,ultram>9e or ,prussian blue4 ,gre54--,s*eele's gre5 or ,s*we9furt gre54 ,br[n4--,umb]4 ,yell[4--,o*] or *rome yell[4 ,! diff]5t %ades are produc$ by mix+ ! colors4 ,enamel = ,vats1 etc4--,two diff]5t enamels are usually employ$1 viz41 "o = ! gr\nd & "o = ! top1 ! latt] be+ some:at h>d] ?an ! =m]4 ,gr\nd enamel is prep>$ by melt+ 9 an enamel$ iron kettle #fbe p>ts br[n %ellac1 #abe p>ts ,fr5* oil ( turp5t9e1 ) #hj p>ts colophony1 & w>m+ 9 ano!r vessel #d1ejj p>ts ( _s 7#ij p] c5t74 ,z soon z ! ros9s are melt$1 remove ! pot f ! fire & add ! _s 9 portions ( #bej p>ts at a "t1 see+ to x t ! _s add$ is completely comb9$ ) ! ros9s by /irr+ be=e add+ any m4 ,:5 all ! _s is add$1 w>m ! :ole aga9 = sev]al m9utes on ! wat] ba? 7free fire %\ld #gbb be avoid$1 on acc\nt ( dang] ( fire71 & all[ to settle4 ,if a yell[ color is desir$1 add yell[ o*]1 9 :i* case ! mixture may also be us$ z floor v>ni%4 ,! top enamel 7h>d7 consi/s ( #ejj p>ts %ellac1 #abe p>ts ,fr5* oil ( turp5t9e1 & #c1ejj p>ts _s 7#ij p] c5t74 ,boil+ 9 ! wat] ba? until ! solution appe>s cle> c only be ( advantage4 ,accord+ to ! ?ickness desir$1 "o may /ill dilute 9 ! cold ) high-/r5g? _s4 ,t9t+ may be done1 z desir$1 ) e>? colors1 viz41 c(fee br[n ) umb]1 r$ ) ,engli% r$1 yell[ ) o*]1 silv] gray ) e>?y c]ussite1 & "s lampblack4 ,be=e pa9t+1 dry out ! vats & putty up ! jo9ts ) a /rip ( d\gh :i* is prep>$ f gr\nd enamel & f9ely sift$ *>coal or br[n coal a%es1 & apply ! enamel aft] ! putty is dry4 ,! v>ni% dries quickly1 is odorless & ta/eless1 & extraord9>ily durable4 ,if a little anneal$ soot black is add$ to ?is vat enamel1 a f9e iron v>ni% is obta9$ :i* adh]es v firmly4 ,lea!r 7spatt]+ lea!r on c>riages7 c also be nicely v>ni%$ ) x4 ,f9i%+ ,enamel = ,:ite ,furniture4--,v>i\s me?ods are practic$ 9 f9i%+ furniture 9 :ite enamel1 & :ile num]\s prep>ations int5d$ = ! purpose nam$ are g5]ally pur*asable ( local deal]s 9 pa9t supplies1 x is (t5 really difficult1 & frequ5tly impossible1 to obta9 a fir/-class ready-made enamel4 ,to prep>e su* an article take #a_/b p9t ( :ite lead & add to x #a_/d p9t ( pure turp5t9e1 #a_/d gill ( pale coa* ,japan1 & #a_/b gill ( :ite damm> v>ni%4 ,mix all ! +r$i5ts toge!r ?or\ghly4 ,apply ) a camel's-hair bru%1 & = l>ge surfaces use a #b-;in* d\ble ?ick bru%4 ,!re %\ld be at lea/ ?ree coats = good "w1 appli$ aft] an int]val ( #bd h\rs betwe5 coats2 & = /rictly high-class "w f\r coats w be necess>y4 ,ea* coat %\ld be put on ?9 & entirely free f bru% m>ks1 s&pap]+ be+ c>efully done ^u ea* coat ( pigm5t4 ,"w t has be5 already pa9t$ or v>ni%$ ne$s to be cut d[n )1 say1 ,no4 #a_/b s&pap]1 & !n smoo!d f9e ) ,no4 #a_/b pap]4 ,!n ?9 :ite lead to a free work+ consi/5cy ) turp5t9e1 reta9+ only a weak b9d] ( oil 9 ! pigm5t1 & apply two coats ( x to ! surface4 ,give ea* coat pl5ty ( "t to h>d5 7#cf h\rs %\ld suffice71 aft] :i* s&pap]+ ) ,no4 #a #a_/b pap] _h be/ be done4 ,ord9>ily1 ^u two coats ( :ite lead1 ! enamel f9i%1 z above detail$1 may be successfully produc$4 ,= ! f9e1 ri* enamel f9i% adapt$ to r>e specim5s ( furniture & develop$ 9 ! mansions ( ! multimillionaires1 a m elaborate & complex process becomes necess>y4 ,quick-,dry+ ,enamel ,colors4--,enamel colors :i* dry quickly1 b rema9 ela/ic s t appli$ on t9 !y w /& /amp+ )\t crack+ (f1 c be produc$ z foll[s3 ,9 a clos$ /irr] or roll+ cask place #ba4e p>ts1 by weight1 ( f9ely p[d]$ pale ,fr5* ros91 #bd #a_/b p>ts1 by weight1 ( ,manila copal1 z well z #ce p>ts1 by weight1 ( d5aturiz$ _s 7#ie p] c5t71 caus+ ! cask or ! /irr] to rotate until all ! gum has completely dissolv$1 :i*1 accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! room 9 :i* ! /irr] is & ! h>dness ( ! gums1 requires #bd to #dh h\rs4 ,:5 ! gums are entirely dissolv$ add to ! mixture a solution ( #ba #a_/b p>ts1 by weight1 ( ,v5ice oil turp5t9e 9 #j4jbe p>ts1 by weight1 ( d5aturiz$ _s ( #ie p] c5t1 all[+ ! /irr] to run ano!r #b to #c h\rs4 ,= ! purpose ( remov+ any impurities pres5t or any undissolv$ ros9 f ! v>ni%1 x is p\r$ ?r\gh a hair sieve or ?r\gh a ?reefold lay] ( f9e musl9 7org&ie7 into suitable t9 vessels or z9c-l9$ b>rels = fur!r cl>ification4 ,aft] #aj to #ad days ! v>ni% is ready = use4 ,by gr9d+ ?is v>ni% ) ! correspond+ dry pigm5ts ! desir$ %ades ( color may be obta9$2 b x is well to rem>k t *emically pure z9c :ite _c be us$ ) advantage because x ?ick5s & loses its cov]+ p[]4 ,! gr9d+ is be/ c>ri$ out twice on an ord9>y funnel mill4 ,foll[+ are "s recipes3 ,i4--,enamel ,:ite4--,li?opone1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 :ite lead1 pure/1 #a_/b "p1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #bj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,ii4--,enamel ,black4--,ivory black1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 ,p>is blue1 #j4ja "p1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #bc p>ts1 by weight4 ,,iii4--,pale ,gray4--,graphite1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 ultram>9e1 #j4ja "p1 by weight2 li?opone1 #dj p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,iv4--,d>k ,gray4--,graphite1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 ivory black1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 li?opone1 #dj p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #aaj p>ts1 by weight4 #gbc ,v4--,*rome ,yell[1 ,pale4--,*rome yell[1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 li?opone1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #dj p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight4 ,,vi4--,*rome ,yell[1 ,d>k4--,*rome yell[1 d>k1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 *rome orange1 #a_/h "p1 by weight2 li?opone1 #a "p1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #ce p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a "p1 by weight4 ,,vii4--,p9k1 ,pale4--,c>m9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight2 li?opone1 #ae p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #dj p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight4 ,,viii4--,p9k1 ,d>k4--,c>m9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight2 ,turkey r$1 #a "p1 by weight2 li?opone1 #ae p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #dj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,ix4--,turkey ,r$4--,turkey r$1 pale1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 li?opone1 #a "p1 by weight2 ,turkey r$1 d>k1 #a "p1 by weight2 :ite lead1 pure1 #a_/b "p1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #ah p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight4 ,x4--,fle% ,t9t4--,*rome yell[1 pale1 #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight2 graphite1 #a_/h "p1 by weight2 li?opone1 #ae p>ts1 by weight2 ,turkey r$1 pale1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #db p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight4 ,,xi4--,c>m9e ,r$4--,lead sulphate1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 ,turkey r$1 pale1 #f p>ts1 by weight2 c>m9e1 #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight2 orange m9ium1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 v]milion1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #ej p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight4 ,,xii4--,sky ,blue4--,ultram>9e1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 li?opone1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 ultram>9e gre51 #j4je p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a "p1 by weight4 ,,xiii4--,ultram>9e4--,ultra blue1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #ab p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight4 ,,xiv4--,violet4--,ultram>9e1 ) r$ t+e1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 c>m9e1 #j4e p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #be p>ts1 by weight4 ,,xv4--,azure4--,p>is blue1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 li?opone1 #ajj p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #cjj p>ts1 by weight4 ,,xvi4--,leaf ,gre54--,*rome gre51 pale1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #be p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight4 ,,xvii4--,silk ,gre54--,silk gre51 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 *rome yell[1 pale1 #a_/b "p1 by weight2 lead sulphate1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight4 ,,xviii4--,br[n4--,engli% r$1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 o*]1 light1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight4 ,,xix4--,o*]4--,fr5* o*]1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 *rome yell[1 d>k1 #a_/b "p1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight4 ,,xx4--,*ocolate4--,umb]1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 ,flor5t9e lake1 #a_/h "p1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #be p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a_/b "p1 by weight4 ,,xxi4--,t]ra ,cotta4--,*rome yell[1 pale1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 ,turkey r$1 d>k1 #c p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #ce p>ts1 by weight4 ,,xxii4--,olive1 ,gre5i%4--,fr5* o*]1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 ,p>is blue1 #a_/b "p1 by weight2 graphite1 #a_/b "p1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #be p>ts1 by weight2 li?opone1 #e p>ts1 by weight4 ,,xxiii4--,olive1 ,br[ni%4--,*rome orange1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 ,p>is blue1 #b p>ts1 by weight2 lead sulphate1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 ,engli% r$1 #a "p1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #dj p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight4 ,,xxiv4--,olive1 ,r$di%4--,turkey r$1 d>k1 #ge p>ts1 by weight2 sap gre51 #ge p>ts1 by weight2 o*]1 pale1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 v>ni%1 #cjj p>ts1 by weight2 b5z9e1 #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight4 ,,engrav]s' ,,v>ni%es4 ,9 copp]-plate engrav+ ! plate mu/ be cov]$ ) a d>k-color$ coat+ :i*1 ?\gh entirely unaffect$ by ! et*+ fluid1 mu/ be s(t en\gh to all[ ! f9e/ l9es to be drawn ) ! ne$le & mu/ also be susceptible ( complete & easy removal :5 ! et*+ is f9i%$4 ,v>ni%es :i* possess ^! prop]ties are call$ 8et*+ gr\nds40 ,!y are made accord+ to v>i\s =mulas1 b 9 all cases ! pr9cipal +r$i5t is asphalt1 ( :i* only ! be/ natural v>ieties are suitable = ?is purpose4 ,ano!r common +r$i5t is beeswax1 or tall[4 ,et*+ gr\nds are usually made 9 small quantities1 at a s+le op]ation1 by melt+ & /irr+ ! solid +r$i5ts toge!r & all[+ ! mass to cool 9 ?9 %eets1 :i* are !n dissolv$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e4 ,! plate is coat$ uni=mly ) ?is v>ni% ?r\gh :i* ! engrav]'s tool readily p5etrates1 lay+ b>e ! metal b5ea?4 ,aft] ! l9es ?us drawn h be5 et*$ by imm]s+ ! plate 9 acid1 ! v>ni% is wa%$ (f ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,! foll[+ =mulas = et*+ gr\nds h be5 ext5sively us$ by engrav]s3 #gbd ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,yell[ wax #ej #cj #aaj #dj p>ts ,syrian asphalt #bj #bj #be #dj p>ts ,ros9 -- -- -- #bj p>ts ,amb] -- -- #bj -- p>ts ,ma/ic #be #be #be -- p>ts ,tall[ -- -- -- #b p>ts ,b]gundy pit* -- -- -- #aj p>ts ,,floor ,,v>ni%es4 ,i4--,manila copal1 _s-soluble #ab p>ts ,ruby %ellac1 p[d]$ #fb p>ts ,v5ice1 turp5t9e #ab p>ts ,_s1 #if p] c5t #bej p>ts ,! mat]ials are dissolv$ cold 9 a cov]$ vat ) con/ant /irr+1 or bett] /ill1 9 a /irr+ ma*9e1 & filt]$4 ,= ! pale %ades take light o*]2 = d>k ones1 ,amb]g e>?1 :i* are well gr\nd ) ! v>ni% 9 a pa9t mill4 ,,ii4--,%ellac1 ,a ,c leaf1 #a4b p>ts2 s&>ac1 #h p>ts2 ,manila copal1 #b p>ts2 ros91 #e p>ts2 ca/or or l9oleic acid or wood oil acid1 #a4ej p>ts2 _s 7#if p] c5t71 #fe p>ts4 ,fr5* ,v>ni%4--,s-call$ ,fr5* v>ni% is made by dissolv+ ,i "p ( blea*$ or orange %ellac 9 #e p>ts ( alcohol1 ! solution be+ all[$ to /& & ! cle> portion !n be+ decant$4 ,! v>ni% may be color$ by mat]ials :i* are soluble 9 alcohol4 ,= r$1 use #a "p ( eos9 to #di p>ts ( ! blea*$ %ellac solution4 ,= blue1 use #a "p ( anil9e blue to #bd p>ts ( ! blea*$ %ellac solution1 z ! orange %ellac solution w\ld imp>t a gre5i% ca/4 ,= gre51 use #a "p ( anil9e gre5 7brilliant gre57 to #di p>ts ( ! orange %ellac solution4 ,= yell[1 use ei!r #b p>ts ( extract ( turm]ic or #a "p ( gamboge to #bd p>ts ( ! solution1 or #a "p ( anil9e yell[ to #di p>ts ( ! solution4 ,= gold5 yell[1 use #b p>ts ( gamboge & #a "p ( dragon's blood to #dg p>ts ( ! orange %ellac solution4 ,! gamboge & dragon's blood %\ld be dissolv$ fir/ 9 a little alcohol4 ,gold5 ,v>ni%es4-- ,i4--,p[d]$ b5zo9 #a "p ,alcohol en\gh to make #aj p>ts4 ,pure saffron1 r\ghly brok5 up1 ab\t #f ?reads to ! ounce4 ,mac]ate #c days & filt]4 ,v>y ! quantity ( saffron accord+ to ! %ade desir$4 ,ma/ic & junip] gum may be add$ to ?is v>ni% if a heavi] body is desir$4 ,,ii4--,b5zo91 junip] gum1 gum ma/ic1 equal p>ts4 ,dissolve ! gums 9 #i times _! weight ( alcohol 7v>i$ m or less accord+ to ! consi/5cy want$71 & color to ! desir$ %ade ) ?reads ( pure saffron4 ,?is v>ni% is v brilliant & dries at once4 ,india-,rubb] ,v>ni%es4--,i4--,dissolve #aj p\nds ( ,india rubb] 9 a mixture ( #aj p\nds ( turp5t9e & #bj p\nds ( petroleum by treat+ same on a wat] ba?4 ,:5 ! solution is complet$ add #de p\nds ( dry+ oil & #e p\nds ( lampblack & mix ?or\ghly4 ,,ii4--,dissolve #g p\nds ( ,india rubb] 9 #be p\nds ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,by cont9u$ heat+ dissolve #ad p\nds ( ros9 9 ! mixture4 ,color :ile hot ) #c p\nds ( lampblack4 ,inlay ,v>ni%4-- ,ozok]ite #ag p>ts ,c>nauba wax #c p>ts ,turp5t9e oil #ae p>ts ,melt ! ozok]ite & ,c>nauba wax1 !n /ir 9 ! turp5t9e oil4 ,?is v>ni% is appli$ l a poli% & imp>ts to ! wood a d>k natural color & a dull lu/]4 ,japann+ ,t94--,! fir/ ?+ to be done :5 a vessel is to be japann$1 is to free x f all grease & oil1 by rubb+ x ) turp5t9e4 ,%\ld ! oil1 h[ev]1 be l9se$1 x may be all[$ to rema9 on ! vessel1 :i* mu/ 9 t case be put 9 an ov5 & heat$ till ! oil becomes q h>d4 ,aft] ^! prelim9>ies1 a pa9t ( ! %ade desir$1 gr\nd 9 l9se$ oil1 is appli$4 ,= br[n1 umb] may be us$4 ,:5 ! pa9t has be5 satisfactorily appli$ x %\ld be h>d5$ by heat+1 & !n smoo!d d[n by rubb+ ) gr\nd pumice /one appli$ g5tly by means ( a piece ( felt moi/5$ ) wat]4 ,to be done well1 ?is requires c>e & pati5ce1 &1 x might be add$1 "s exp]i5ce4 ,! vessel is next coat$ ) a v>ni%1 made by ! foll[+ =mula3 ,turp5t9e _s #h ounces ,oil ( lav5d] #f ounces ,camphor #a dra*m ,bruis$ copal #b ounces ,p]haps "s o!r good v>ni% w\ld give equally satisfactory results4 ,aft] ?is ! vessel is put 9 an ov5 & heat$ to z high a temp]ature z x w be> )\t caus+ ! v>ni% to #gbe bli/] or run4 ,:5 ! v>ni% has become h>d1 ! vessel is tak5 out & ano!r coat is put on1 :i* is submitt$ to heat z be=e4 ,?is process may be repeat$ till ! judgm5t ( ! op]ator tells him t x is no long] advisable4 ,"s op]ators mix ! color+ matt] directly ) ! v>ni%2 :5 ?is is done1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! pigm5t is fir/ r$uc$ to an impalpable p[d]1 & !n ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! liquid4 ,,label ,,v>ni%es4 ,i4--,s&>ac #c ounces av4 ,ma/ic #c_/d ounce av4 ,v5ice turp5t9e #aej gra9s ,alcohol #af fluid\nces ,mac]ate ) repeat$ /irr+ until solution is effect$1 & !n filt]4 ,! pap] labels are fir/ siz$ ) dilut$ mucilage1 !n dri$1 & !n coat$ ) ?is v>ni%4 ,if ! labels h be5 writt5 ) wat]-soluble inks or color1 !y are fir/ coat$ ) #b coats ( collodion1 & !n v>ni%$4 ,,ii4--,! v>ni%$ labels ( /ock vessels (t5 suff] damage f ! spill+ ( ! cont5ts & ! dripp+ aft] mu* p\r+4 ,=mal9 gelat9 is capable ( )/&+ ! baneful influ5ce ( e!r1 b5z9e1 wat]1 _s ( w9e1 oil1 & mo/ sub/ances4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( apply+ ! pres]vative is recomm5d$3 ,hav+ ?or\ghly clean$ ! surface ( ! vessel1 pa/e ! label on & all[ x to dry well4 ,give x a coat ( ?9 collodion to protect ! lett]s f be+ dissolv$ out or caus$ to run1 !n aft] a few m9utes pa9t ov] x a coat ( gelat9 w>m$ to fluidity--#e to #be--;be+ c>eful to cov] 9 all ! edges4 ,j be=e x solidifies g ov] x ) a tuft ( cotton dipp$ into a #dj p] c5t =mal9 solution4 ,x soon dries & becomes z glossy z v>ni%1 & may be coat$ aga9 & aga9 )\t dang] ( impair+ ! cle> :ite ( ! label or decreas+ its transp>5cy4 ,lea!r ,v>ni%es4--,i4--,an excell5t v>ni% = lea!r c be made f ! foll[+ recipe3 ,heat #djj p\nds ( boil$ oil to #bab ,f41 & add little by little #b p\nds ( bi*romate ( pota%1 keep+ ! same temp]ature4 ,! addition ( ! bi*romate %\ld take ab\t #ae m9utes4 ,raise to #caj ,f41 & add gradually dur+ #a h\r at t temp]ature1 #dj p\nds ,prussian blue4 ,heat = #c h\rs m1 gradually rais+ to #dhb to #egb ,f41 ) con/ant /irr+4 ,9 ! meantime1 heat toge!r at #cib ,f41 = #a_/b an h\r1 #be p\nds l9se$ oil1 #ce p\nds copal1 #ge p\nds turp5t9e1 & #g p\nds c]es9e4 ,mix ! two v>ni%es1 & dilute1 if necess>y1 :5 cold ) turp5t9e4 ,! v>ni% %\ld require to be w>m$ = easy application ) ! bru%4 ,,ii4--,ca\t*\c1 #a "p2 petroleum1 #a "p2 c>bon bisulphide1 #a "p2 %ellac1 #d p>ts2 bone black1 #b p>ts2 alcohol1 #bj p>ts4 ,fir/ ! ca\t*\c is br\ght toge!r ) c>bon bisulphide 9 a well-clos$ bottle & /ood aside = a few days4 ,z soon z ! ca\t*\c is soak$ add ! petroleum & ! alcohol1 !n ! f9ely p[d]$ %ellac1 & heat to ab\t #abe ,f4 ,:5 ! liquid appe>s pretty cle>1 :i* indicates ! solution ( all sub/ances1 ! bone black is add$ by %ak+ ?or\ghly & ! v>ni% is at once fill$ 9 bottles :i* are well clos$4 ,?is p\* composition excels 9 dry+ quickly & produces ^u ! lea!r a smoo?1 deep black coat+1 :i* possesses a c]ta9 ela/icity4 ,,metal ,,v>ni%es4 ,! purpose ( ^! v>ni%es is to protect ! metals f oxidation & to r5d] !m glossy4 ,alum9um ,v>ni%4--,! foll[+ is a process giv+ a special v>ni% = alum9um1 b x may also be employ$ = o!r metals1 giv+ a coat+ unalt]able & inde/ructible by wat] or atmosph]ic influ5ces3 ,dissolve1 pref]ably 9 an enamel$ vessel1 #aj p>ts1 by weight1 ( gum lac 9 #cj p>ts ( liquid ammonia4 ,heat on ! wat] ba? = ab\t #a h\r & cool4 ,! alum9um to be cov]$ ) ?is v>ni% is c>efully clean$ 9 pota%1 &1 hav+ appli$ ! v>ni%1 ! article is plac$ 9 a /ove1 :]e x is heat$1 dur+ a c]ta9 "t1 at a suitable temp]ature 7ab\t #ajfb ,f474 ,brass ,v>ni%es ,imitat+ ,gold4--,i4--,an excell5t gold v>ni% = brass objects1 surgical or optical in/rum5ts1 etc41 is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,gum lac1 9 gra9s1 pulv]iz$1 #cj p>ts2 dragon's blood1 #a "p2 r$ s&]s wood1 #a "p2 p\nd$ glass1 #aj p>ts2 /rong alcohol1 #fjj p>ts2 aft] suffici5t mac]ation1 filt]4 ,! p[d]$ glass simply s]ves = accel]at+ ! dissolv+1 by int]pos+ betwe5 ! p>ticles ( gum lac & opal4 ,,ii4--,r$uce to p[d]1 #afj p>ts1 by weight1 ( turm]ic ( be/ quality1 & p\r ov] x #b p>ts1 by weight1 ( saffron1 #gbf & #a4gjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( _s2 dige/ 9 a w>m place #bd h\rs1 & filt]4 ,next dissolve #hj p>ts1 by weight1 ( dragon's blood2 #hj p>ts1 by weight1 ( s&>ac2 #hj p>ts1 by weight1 ( elemi gum2 #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( gamboge2 #gj p>ts1 by weight1 ( se$lac4 ,mix ^! sub/ances ) #bej p>ts1 by weight1 ( cru%$ glass1 place !m 9 a flask1 & p\r ov] ?is mixture ! alcohol color$ z above describ$4 ,assi/ ! solution by means ( a s& or wat] ba?1 & filt] at ! close ( ! op]ation4 ,?is is a f9e v>ni% = brass sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,bronze ,v>ni%es4--,i4--,! foll[+ process yields a top v>ni% = bronze goods & o!r metallic w>e 9 ! mo/ v>y+ %ades1 ! v>ni% excell+1 besides1 9 high gloss & durability4 ,fill 9 a bottle1 pale %ellac1 be/ quality1 #dj p>ts1 by weight2 p[d]$ ,flor5t9e lake1 #ab p>ts1 by weight2 gamboge1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 dragon's blood1 also p[d]$1 #f p>ts1 by weight2 & add #djj p>ts1 by weight1 ( _s ( w9e4 ,?is mixture is all[$ to dissolve1 ! be/ way be+ to heat ! bottle on ! wat] ba? until ! boil+ po9t ( wat] is almo/ rea*$1 %ak+ f "t to "t until all is dissolv$4 ,^u cool+1 decant ! liquid1 :i* con/itutes a v>ni% ( d>k-r$ color1 f any s$im5t t may be pres5t4 ,9 a second bottle dissolve 9 ! same mann] #bd p>ts1 by weight1 ( gamboge 9 #djj p>ts1 by weight1 ( _s ( w9e1 f :i* w result a v>ni% ( gold5-yell[ t9t4 ,accord+ to ! hue desir$1 mix ! r$ v>ni% ) ! yell[ v>iety1 produc+ 9 ?is way any %ade f ! deepe/ r$ to ! color ( gold4 ,if requir$1 dilute ) _s ( w9e4 ,! application ( ! v>ni% %\ld be conduct$ z usual1 t is1 ! article %\ld be slightly w>m1 x be+ necess>y to adh]e /rictly to a c]ta9 temp]ature1 :i* c be easily det]m9$ by trials & ma9ta9$ by exp]i5ce4 ,9 ord] to give ?is v>ni% a pale-yell[ to gre5i%-yell[ tone1 mix #aj drops ( picric acid ) ab\t #c p>ts1 by weight1 ( _s ( w9e1 & add to a small quantity ( ! v>ni% "s ( ?is mixture until ! desir$ %ade has be5 rea*$4 ,picric acid is poison\s1 & ! keep+ ( v>ni% mix$ ) ?is acid 9 a clos$ bottle is n advisable1 because !re is dang] ( an explosion4 ,!re=e1 x is be/ to prep>e only s mu* v>ni% at "o "t z is necess>y = ! imm$iate purpose4 ,br[n ,v>ni%4--,an excell5t & quickly dry+ br[n v>ni% = metals is made by dissolv+ #bj ounces ( gum k9o & #e ounces ( gum b5jam9 9 #fj ounces ( ! be/ cold alcohol2 #bj ounces ( common %ellac & #b ounces ( ?ick turp5t9e 9 #cf ounces ( alcohol also give a v good v>ni%4 ,if ! br[n is to h a r$di% t9t1 dissolve #ej ounces ( ruby %ellac1 #e ounces balsam ( copaiba1 & #b to #e ounces ( anil9e br[n1 ) or )\t #a_/b to #a ounce ( anil9e violet1 9 #aej ounces ( alcohol4 ,copp] ,v>ni%es4--,^! two are = poli%$ objects3 ,i4--,"o hundr$ & t5 p>ts ( s&>ac & #cj p>ts ( ros91 dissolv$ 9 suffici5t quantity ( alcohol2 #e p>ts ( glyc]9e are to be add$4 ,,ii4--,s&>ac #aj p>ts ,ros9 #c p>ts ,glyc]9e #a_/b "p ,alcohol1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,dissolve ! two ros9s 9 suffici5t alcohol & add ! glyc]9e4 ,decorative ,metal ,v>ni%es4-- ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,c5t ,c5t ,c5t ,c5t ,se$ lac #aa4e -- -- -- ,amb] #g4f -- -- #ac4e ,gamboge #g4f -- -- -- ,dragon's blood #j4ah -- -- -- ,saffron #j4af -- -- -- ,s&>ac -- #aa4b #ae4i #af4f ,ma/ic -- #f4e #ad4j #c4d ,elemi -- #c4c -- -- ,v5ice turp5t9e -- -- #a4j #c4d ,camphor -- #a4e -- -- ,aloe -- -- #g4j -- ,alcohol #gb4if #gg4e #ff4a #fc4b ,z w be se51 only natural colors are us$4 ,! s-call$ 8gold lacqu]0 is compos$ z foll[s3 ,s&>ac1 #f4be p>ts2 ma/ic1 #c p>ts2 %ellac1 #ab4e p>ts2 ,v5ice turp5t9e1 #b4e p>ts2 aloe1 #j4ge p>ts2 gamboge1 #c p>ts2 alcohol1 #gb p>ts4 ,! solution is filt]$4 ,appli$ 9 a ?9 coat+ ?is v>ni% %[s a h&some gold5 %ade4 ,o!r metal v>ni%es h ! foll[+ composition3 ,v ,,vi ,,vii ,p] ,p] ,p] ,c5t ,c5t ,c5t ,%ellac #ag4e -- #ah4j ,yell[ ac>oid gum #ac4a #be4j -- ,manila -- #h4j #i4j ,alcohol #fi4d #fg4j #fc4j #gbg ,gold ,v>ni%4--,i4--,a good gold v>ni% = coat+ mold+s :i* produces great brilliancy is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,dissolve #c p\nds ( %ellac 9 #cj qu>ts ( alcohol1 #e p\nds ( ma/ic 9 #e qu>ts ( alcohol1 #c p\nds ( s&>ac 9 #e qu>ts ( alcohol1 #e p\nds ( gamboge 9 #e qu>ts ( alcohol1 #a p\nd ( dragon's blood 9 #a qu>t ( alcohol1 #c p\nds ( saund]s 9 #e qu>ts ( alcohol1 #c p\nds ( turp5t9e 9 #c qu>ts ( alcohol4 ,aft] all ! +r$i5ts h be5 dissolv$ sep>ately 9 ! giv5 quantity ( absolute alcohol & filt]$1 ! solutions are mix$ at a mod]ate heat4 ,,ii4--,a v>ni% :i* w give a spl5did lu/]1 & any gold color f deep r$ to gold5 yell[1 is prep>$ by tak+ #ej ounces pale %ellac1 #ae p\nds ,flor5t9e lake 7precipitat$ f co*9eal or r$wood decoction by alum onto /ra*1 kaol91 or gypsum71 #be ounces ( s&alwood1 & #h ounces ( dragon's blood4 ,^! 9 f9e p[d] are dissolv$ on ! wat] ba?1 9 #ejj ounces rectifi$ _s4 ,! _s mu/ boil & rema91 ) occasional %ak+1 = #b to #c h\rs on ! ba?4 ,!n cool & decant4 ,9 ! meantime heat 9 ano!r flask on ! ba? #cj ounces ( gamboge 9 #ejj ounces ( ! same _s4 ,! two liquids are mix$ until ! "r color ne$$ = ! p>ticul> purpose 9 h& is obta9$4 ,dilute ) _s if too ?ick4 ,! addition ( a little picric acid gives a gre5i%-yell[ bronze b makes ! v>ni% v liable to explode4 ,^! v>ni%es are appli$ to g5tly w>m$ surfaces ) a s(t bri/le bru%4 ,gold ,v>ni% = ,t94--,?is is obta9$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,spread out #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( f9ely p[d]$ cry/alliz$ copp] acetate 9 a w>m spot1 all[+ x to lie = "s "t2 !n gr9d ! p[d]1 :i* w h acquir$ a light-br[n %ade1 ) oil ( turp5t9e & add1 ) /irr+1 #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( fat copal v>ni% heat$ to #adj ,f4 ,:5 ! copp] acetate has dissolv$ 79 ab\t #a_/d h\r71 ! mass is fill$ 9 a bottle & all[$ to /& w>m1 = sev]al days1 %ak+ frequ5tly4 ,! gold v>ni% is !n ready = use4 ,coat ! articles uni=mly ) x1 & heat 9 a dry+ *amb]1 :]eupon1 accord+ to ! degree ( temp]ature1 v>y+ colorations are obta9$1 *ang+ f gre5 to yell[1 !n gold5 yell[1 & f9ally orange to br[n4 ,:5 good copal v>ni% is employ$1 ! v>ni% w adh]e v firmly1 s t ! article c be press$ )\t damage4 ,iron ,v>ni%es4--,i4--,a v>ni% obta9$ by dissolv+ wax 9 turp5t9e is useful4 ,x gives a fairly h>d coat1 b has ! drawback ( fill+ up f9e grooves1 & s injur+ ! appe>ance ( _m metal ornam5ts4 ,,ii4--,%ellac1 #ae p\nds2 ,siam b5jam91 #ac p\nds2 alcohol1 #hj p\nds2 =myl*loride1 #bj p\nds4 ,,iii4--,si]ra ,leone copal1 #f p\nds2 damm>1 #ah p\nds2 oleic acid1 #c p\nds2 alcohol1 #dj p\nds2 oil ( turp5t9e1 #bj p\nds2 =myl*loride1 #ae p\nds4 ,! =myl*loride n only effects ! rapid dry+ necess>y to prev5t ! v>ni% gravitat+ into holl[s1 b enables ! alcohol to make a p]fect solution ( ! ros94 ,! v>ni%es are excessively volatile1 & mu/ be /or$ accord+ly4 ,/ove ,v>ni%es4-- ,%ellac #ab p>ts ,manila copal #ad p>ts ,ros9 #ab p>ts ,gallipot #b p>ts ,b5zo9 #a "p ,lampblack #e p>ts ,nigros91 _s-soluble #a #a_/b p>ts ,alcohol #bej p>ts ,t9 ,v>ni%es4--,i4--,= ,t9 ,boxes4-- ,9 #ge p>ts ( alcohol dissolve #ae p>ts ( %ellac1 #b p>ts ( ,v5ice turp5t9e1 & #h p>ts ( s&>ac4 ,,ii4--,= ,trays & ,o!r ,t9w>e4--,! gr\nd is prep>$ by add+ to ! :ite lead ! t9t+ colors gr\nd 9 good rubb+ v>ni% & half oil ( turp5t9e4 ,= dri] an admixture ( 8t]eb9e0 is recomm5d$4 ,) ?is lean & dull pa9t1 coat ! t9s #b or #c times & bl5d4 ,next1 gra9 ) wat] or v9eg> glaze1 & v>ni% ) pure ,zanzib> copal v>ni%1 or f9e/ amb] table-top v>ni%4 ,!re are o!r tri$ me?ods = v>ni%+ t91 :i* are applicable = new goods1 manufactur$ 9 l>ge quantities1 :ile !y are less advantage\s = ! re/oration ( old1 repeat$ly us$ articles4 ,,v>ni% ,,sub/itutes4 ,a sub/itute = v>ni% is produc$ by add+ to #ajj p>ts ( case9 #aj to #be p>ts ( a #a to #aj p] c5t soap solution & !n #bj to #be p>ts ( slak$ lime4 ,! mixture is c>efully knead$ until a p]fectly homog5e\s mass results4 ,!n gradually add #be to #dj p>ts ( turp5t9e oil & suffici5t #gbh wat] = ! mass to assume ! consi/5cy ( v>ni%4 ,if x is desir$ to pres]ve x = "s "t a little ammonia is add$ s t ! case9 lime does n sep>ate4 ,! surrogate is consid]ably *eap] ?an v>ni% & dries s quickly t pa9t gr\nd ) x may be appli$ twice 9 quick succession4 ,zapon ,v>ni%es4--,9 ! case ( _m articles :i* h be5 color$ me*anically or by ! batt]y1 p>ticul>ly ) l>ge pieces1 an opaque v>ni% is us$ z a protection aga9/ atmosph]ic influ5ces4 ,! s-call$ brassol9e1 ( a br[n color1 negrol9e1 black1 & zapon :i* is colorless1 are employ$1 accord+ to ! color ( ! article4 ,! la/-nam$ v>ni% is mo/ commonly us$1 & gives a f9e & durable coat+1 insoluble 9 almo/ all liquids :i* w\ld come into consid]ation "h1 except t x w wa% (f 9 soap & wat]4 ,zapon v>ni% is a solution ( collodion cotton & camphor 9 amyl acetate & amyl alcohol1 & 0 =m]ly us$ to pres]ve old manuscripts & legal docum5ts4 ,9 ! process ( zaponiz+1 ! article is slightly w>m$ & imm]s$ 9 ! v>ni%1 or ! latt] is appli$ ) a bru%4 ,! solution is v durable1 & has ! advantage t aft] dry+ x w n %[ edges1 r+s1 or spots4 ,zapon v>ni% :i* has become too ?ick mu/ be dilut$1 & ! bru%es mu/ be kept f becom+ dry4 ,if x is desir$ to give an especially w>m tone1 ! article is treat$ ) bru%es :i* h be5 drawn ov] beeswax or m9]al wax4 ,= ! production ( zapon or celluloid v>ni%1 p\r #bj p>ts ( acetone ov] #b p>ts ( colorless celluloid wa/e1 all[+ x to /& = sev]al days 9 a clos$ vessel1 /irr+ frequ5tly until ! :ole has dissolv$ into a cle>1 ?ick mass4 ,admix #gh p>ts ( amyl acetate & cl>ify ! zapon v>ni% by all[+ x to settle = weeks4 ,,v>ni%1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,p\r ,,out3 ,see ,ca/or ,oil4 ,,v>ni%es1 ,,insulat+3 ,see ,insulation4 ,,v>ni%es1 ,,photographic ,,ret\*+3 ,see ,photography4 ,,v>ni% ,,remov]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,vasel9e ,,/a9s1 ,,to ,,remove ,,f ,,clo?+3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,vasolim5tum4 ,?is ungu5t is ( two k9ds1 liquid & semi-solid4 ,! =m] is prep>$ by mix+ #ejj p>ts ( ole91 #bej p>ts ( alcoholic ammonia1 & #a1jjj p>ts ( liquid p>aff9e1 ! :ole be+ w>m$ until completely dissolv$1 & any loss 9 weight made up by addition ( _s4 ,! semi-solid prep>ation is made ( ! same +r$i5ts1 except ! p>aff9e salve is sub/itut$ = ! liquid4 ,! product is us$ z a basis = o9tm5ts 9 place ( vasog5e1 & c be incorporat$ ) a numb] ( m$icam5ts1 su* z #aj p] c5t ( naph?ol1 #bj p] c5t ( guaiacol1 #be p] c5t ( junip] t>1 #e p] c5t ( ?iol1 #f p] c5t ( iod9e1 #e p] c5t ( creosote1 #aj p] c5t ( i*?yol1 #e p] c5t ( creol91 #b p] c5t ( m5?ol1 etc4 ,,vat ,,enamels ,,& ,,v>ni%es3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,vegetables1 ,,te/s ,,= ,,cann$3 ,see ,foods4 ,,vegetable ,,p>*m5t3 ,see ,p>*m5t4 ,,vi*y3 ,see ,wat]s4 ,,vi*y ,,salt3 ,see ,salts 7,eff]vesc5t74 ,vet]9>y ,=mulas ,,= ,,birds3 ,a/hma 9 ,can>ies4-- ,t9cture capsicum #e dra*ms ,spirits *lor(orm #ij m9ims ,iron citrate1 soluble #de gra9s ,f5nel wat] #c #a_/b ounces ,give a few drops on lump ( sug> 9 ! cage once daily4 ,colas4-- ,t9cture f]ri p]*loride #a dra*m ,acid hydro*loric1 dil4 #a_/b dra*m ,glyc]9e #a #a_/b dra*ms ,aqua camphor1 q4 s4 #a ounce ,use #c to #f drops 9 dr9k+ wat]4 ,o9tm5t = ,heal+4-- ,p]u balsam #fj gra9s ,cola cream #a ounce ,apply4 #gbi ,con/ipation 9 ,birds4-- ,f4 ,e4 s5na #b dra*ms ,syrup manna #a ounce ,f5nel wat]1 q4 s4 #d ounces ,give a few drops on sug> 9 cage once daily4 ,di>rha4-- ,t9cture iron *loride #b dra*ms ,p>egoric #b dra*ms ,c>away wat] #c #a_/b ounces ,give few drops on lump ( sug> once daily4 ,mock+-,bird ,food4-- ,crack]s #h ounces ,corn #i ounces ,rice #b ounces ,hemp se$ #a ounce ,capsicum #aj gra9s ,mix & r$uce to a co>se p[d]4 ,foods = ,r$ ,birds4-- ,sunfl[] se$ #h ounces ,hemp se$ #af ounces ,can>y se$ #aj ounces ,crack$ :eat #h ounces ,un%ell$ rice #f ounces ,mix & gr9d to a co>se p[d]4 ,can>y-,bird ,food4-- ,yolk ( egg 7dry7 #b ounces ,poppy heads 7p[d]$7 #a ounce ,cuttlefi% bone 7p[d]$7 #a ounce ,sug> #b ounces ,p[d]$ crack]s #h ounces ,bird ,tonic4-- ,p[d]$ capsicum #bj gra9s ,p[d]$ g5tian #a dra*m ,f]ri p]oxide #a_/b ounce ,p[d]$ sug> #a_/b ounce ,syrup1 q4 s4 ,put a piece size ( pea 9 cage daily4 ,tonic4-- ,i4--,t9cture c9*ona #a_/b dra*m ,t9cture iron #b drops ,glyc]9e #a dra*m ,c>away wat] #a ounce ,put a few drops on lump ( sug> 9 cage daily4 ,,ii4--,comp\nd t9cture c9*ona #b dra*ms ,comp\nd t9cture g5tian #b dra*ms ,syrup orange #a ounce ,simple elixir #b #a_/b ounces ,put a few drops on lump ( sug> 9 ! cage daily4 ,antiseptic ,wa% = ,cage ,birds4-- ,*9osol1 ,f4 #b dra*ms ,sug> 7burnt7 #bj m9ims ,aqua c9namon #d ounces ,aqua #bj ounces ,add #a or #b teaspoonfuls to ! ba? wat] & all[ ! birds to use x1 :5 x w quickly de/roy all p>asites or g]ms 9 ! fea!rs4 ,to wa% out ! cages1 use a mixture ( #a tablespoonful 9 a p9t ( hot wat]4 ,mix$ ,bird ,se$4-- ,sicily can>y #aj ounces ,g]man rape #b ounces ,russian hemp #a ounce ,g]man millet #c ounces ,,= ,,horses ,,& ,,cattle3 ,bli/]+4--,t9cture can?>ides1 #a ounce2 camphorat$ oil1 #a_/b ounce4 ,apply a portion ) friction #c times a day until a bli/] %[s4 ,z x subsides apply aga94 ,horse-,colic ,rem$y4--,i4--,9 mak+ a horse-colic rem$y conta9+ t9cture ( opium1 e!r & *lor(orm1 to be giv5 9 tablespoonful doses1 apportion ! +r$i5ts ab\t equally1 & mix ! dose ) a p9t ( wat]4 ,o!r =mulas are3 ,,ii4--,*lor(orm anodyne #a ounce ,_s ( nitr\s e!r #b ounces ,l9se$ oil #ac ounces ,give 9 "o dose & repeat 9 an h\r if necess>y4 ,condition ,p[d]s4--,i4--,sulphur1 #b p\nds2 ,glaub] salts1 #a p\nd2 black antimony1 #a_/b p\nd2 p[d]$ bloodroot1 #d ounces2 copp]as1 #a_/b p\nd2 ros91 #a_/b p\nd2 asafetida1 #b ounces2 saltpet] #a_/b p\nd4 ,p[d] & mix well4 ,,ii4--,g5tian1 #d ounces2 potassium nitrate1 #a ounce2 sulphur1 #d ounces2 g+] 7,african71 #d ounces2 antimony1 #d ounces2 ros91 #b ounces2 ,fnugreek1 #b ounces2 capsicum1 #b ounces2 s]p5t>ia1 #b ounces2 sodium sulphate1 #i ounces2 flaxse$ meal1 #af ounces4 ,all +r$i5ts 9 f9e p[d]4 ,dose3 #a tablespoonful 9 fe$ twice a day4 ,vet]9>y ,dose ,table4--,= a colt #a mon? old give #a_/bd ( ! full dose2 #c mon?s old1 #a_/ab2 #f mon?s old1#a_/f2 #a ye> old1 #a_/c2 #b ye>s old1 #a_/b2 #c ye>s old1 #c_/d4 ,fluids = cattle usually ! same dose z = ! horse4 ,solids = cattle usually #a #a_/b times ! dose = ! horse4 #gcj ,drug4 ,horses4 ,cattle4 ,aloes #a to #h dr4 #a_/b to #b oz4 ,alum #a to #c dr4 #a to #c dr4 ,aqua ammonia #c to #e dr4 #c to #e dr4 ,ammonia bromide #a_/d to #b oz4 #a_/d to #b oz4 ,ammonia c>bonate #a to #c dr4 #b to #e dr4 ,ammonia iodide #a_/b to #c dr4 #a to #e dr4 ,antimony black #ae to #ej gr4 ---- ---- ,areca nut #c to #e dr4 ---- ---- ,ars5ic #e to #ab gr4 #e to #ab gr4 ,asafetida #a to #d dr4 #a_/b to #b oz4 ,belladonna leaves #a_/b to #b oz4 #a_/b to #b oz4 ,bu*u leaves #a_/b to #c oz4 #a_/b to #d oz4 ,calab] bean #d to #ab gr4 #d to #ab gr4 ,camphor #a_/b to #b dr4 #b to #c dr4 ,can?>ides #e to #be gr4 #ab to #cj gr4 ,capsicum #a to #b dr4 #a to #c dr4 ,cate*u #a to #b dr4 #b to #d dr4 ,*alk prep>ation #b to #c oz4 #b to #d oz4 ,*loral hydrate #a_/b to #a #a_/b oz4 #a_/b to #a #a_/b oz4 ,*lor(orm #a_/b to #a dr4 #a_/b to #b dr4 ,c9*ona #a to #c dr4 #a_/b to #b oz4 ,copp] sulphate #a_/b to #b dr4 #a_/b to #c dr4 ,creol9 #a to #e dr4 #b to #e dr4 ,creosote #ae to #cj m94 #a to #b dr4 ,digitalis leaves #aj to #bj gr4 #bj to #ej gr4 ,dov] p[d] #a_/b to #b dr4 #a_/b to #b dr4 ,ergot #a_/d to #a oz4 #a_/d to #a oz4 ,e!r #a_/b to #b #a_/b oz4 #a to #c oz4 ,ex4 belladonna fluid #a_/b to #b dr4 #b to #d dr4 ,extract bu*u fluid #a to #e dr4 ---- ---- ,extract cannabis indica #a_/d to #a_/b dr4 #a_/d to #a dr4 ,fnugreek #a_/b to #c oz4 #a to #c oz4 ,gallnuts #b to #d dr4 #a_/b to #a oz4 ,g5tian #b to #f dr4 #a_/b to #a oz4 ,g+] #c to #e dr4 #a_/b to #b oz4 ,ipecac #a_/b to #b dr4 #a_/b to #c dr4 ,iron c>bonate #a to #b dr4 ---- ---- ,iron sulphate #a_/b to #b dr4 #a to #c dr4 ,junip] b]ries #a to #b oz4 #a to #c oz4 ,limewat] #c to #f oz4 #c to #f oz4 ,magnesia sulphate #a_/b to #c lb4 #a_/b to #c lb4 ,mu/>d #b to #d dr4 #b to #f dr4 ,nux vomica #a_/b to #a dr4 #b to #c dr4 ,oil ca/or #a_/b to #a pt4 #a_/b to #a pt4 ,oil ,croton #aj to #bj m94 #a to #b dr4 ,oil junip] #a_/b to #b dr4 #a_/b to #b dr4 ,oil l9se$ #a_/b to #a pt4 #a_/b to #b pt4 ,oil olive #a_/b to #b pt4 #a to #b pt4 ,oil sav9 #a to #c dr4 #a to #c dr4 ,oil turp5t9e #a_/b to #b oz4 #a_/b to #b oz4 ,opium #a_/b to #b dr4 #a_/b to #b dr4 ,potassium iodide #b to #d dr4 #b to #f dr4 ,potassium nitrate #a to #b oz4 #a to #b oz4 ,potassium sulphide #a to #b dr4 #a to #b dr4 ,qu99e #aj to #cj gr4 #bj to #dj gr4 ,rhub>b #a_/b to #a oz4 #a to #b oz4 ,santon9e #ae to #dj gr4 #a_/b to #a dr4 ,sodium hyposulphite #a_/b to #a oz4 #a to #c oz4 ,sodium sulphate #a_/b to #b lb4 #a to #b lb4 ,sodium sulphite #a_/b to #a oz4 #a to #c oz4 ,spirits ammonia1 aromatic #a_/b to #b oz4 #a to #c oz4 ,spirits *lor(orm #a_/b to #a oz4 #a to #b oz4 ,spirits nitr\s e!r #a to #c oz4 #a to #c oz4 ,spirits pepp]m9t #a to #b oz4 #a to #b oz4 ,/ry*n9e sulphite #a_/b to #a gr4 #a to #c gr4 ,sulphur #b to #d oz4 #b to #d oz4 ,t9cture aconite #e to #cj m94 #e to #bj m94 ,t9cture asafetida #a to #d dr4 ---- ---- ,t9cture belladonna #a to #c dr4 #b to #d dr4 ,t9cture can?>ides #a to #b oz4 #a_/b to #a oz4 ,t9cture columbo #a_/b to #b oz4 #a to #b oz4 ,t9cture digitalis #a to #c dr4 #b to #d dr4 ,t9cture iron #a to #b oz4 #a to #b oz4 ,t9cture g+] #a_/b to #b oz4 #a to #b oz4 ,t9cture nux vomica #b to #d dr4 #a_/b to #a oz4 ,t9cture opium #a_/b to #c oz4 #a to #c oz4 ,tobacco #a_/b to #a dr4 #a_/b to #a dr4 ,v9eg> #a to #c oz4 #b to #f oz4 ,:isky #b to #aj oz4 ---- ---- ,:ite vitriol #e to #ae gr4 #e to #ae gr4 ,a/r+5t4-- ,i4--,opium #ab gra9s ,camphor #a_/b dra*m ,cate*u #a dra*m ,"o dose4 ,,ii4--,opium #ab gra9s ,camphor #a dra*m ,g+] #b dra*ms ,ca/ile soap #b dra*ms ,anise #c dra*ms ,licorice #b dra*ms ,contract$ ,ho( or ,sore ,feet4-- ,i4--,l>d #a "p ,yell[ wax #a "p ,l9se$ oil #a "p ,v5ice turp5t9e #a "p ,t> #a "p ,apply to ! edge ( ! hair once a day4 ,,ii4--,ros9 #d ounces ,l>d #h ounces ,melt & add ,p[d]$ v]tigris #a ounce ,/ir well2 :5 p>tly cool add ,turp5t9e #b ounces ,apply to ho( ab\t #a in* d[n f ! hair4 ,c\gh4-- ,i4--,sodii bromide #ahj gra9s ,creosote wat] #b ounces ,f5nel wat] #d ounces ,half tablespoonful #d times daily4 ,,ii4--,ammonia bromide #ahj gra9s ,f5nel wat] #d ounces ,syrup licorice #d ounces ,teaspoonful #d times daily4 ,c[ ,p[d]4-- ,p[d]$ cate*u #fj gra9s ,p[d]$ g+] #bdj gra9s ,p[d]$ g5tian #bdj gra9s ,p[d]$ opium #cj gra9s ,,cuts1 ,,w\nds1 ,,sores4 ,i4--,t9cture opium1 #b ounces2 tann91 #a_/d ounce4 ,,ii4--,t9cture aloes1 #a ounce2 t9cture ( myrrh1 #a_/b ounce2 t9cture ( opium1 #a_/b ounce2 wat]1 #d ounces4 ,apply night & morn+4 ,,iii4--,l>d1 #d ounces2 beeswax1 #d ounces2 ros91 #b ounces2 c>bolic acid1 #a_/d ounce4 ,di>rha4-- ,i4--,opium #ae gra9s ,pepp]m9t #a_/d ounce ,l9se$ meal #a ounce ,give half 9 morn+ & rema9d] 9 ev5+ 9 a p9t ( w>m wat]4 #gca ,,ii4--,prep>$ *alk #f ounces ,cate*u #c ounces ,opium #a #a_/b ounces ,g+] #c ounces ,g5tian #c ounces ,"o p[d] #c times a day 9 half a p9t ( w>m wat]4 ,"o-six? ( dose = calves4 ,diuretic ,ball4-- ,i4--,oil junip] #a_/b dra*m ,ros9 #b dra*ms ,saltpet] #b dra*ms ,camphor #a_/b dra*m ,ca/ile soap #a ounce ,flaxse$ meal #a ounce ,make #a pill4 ,,ii4--,ros9 #ij gra9s ,potassium nitrate #ij gra9s ,po bu*u leaves #de gra9s ,dose3 #a twice a day4 ,dry+ ,dr9k4-- ,p[d]$ alum #f ounces ,arm5ian bole #b ounces ,p[d]$ junip] b]ries #a_/b ounce ,once daily 9 #a qu>t ( w>m gruel4 ,epizooty or ,p9keye4-- ,sublim$ sulphur #a_/b ounce ,epsom salt #a ounce ,*>coal #a_/b ounce ,extract licorice #a ounce ,fev]4-- ,i4--,salicylic acid #c_/d ounce ,sodium bic>bonate #a_/b ounce ,magnesium sulphate #aj ounces ,give half 9 qu>t ( w>m bran wat] at night4 ,,ii4--,spirits nit] #c ounces ,t9cture aconite #b dra*ms ,fluid extract belladonna #a_/b ounce ,nitrate pota% #b ounces ,muriate ammonia #b ounces ,wat]1 q4s #a qu>t ,dose3 ,teaspoonful e #b or #c h\rs till bett]4 ,heaves4--,i4--,balsam copaiba1 #a ounce2 spirits ( turp5t9e1 #b ounces2 balsam fir1 #a ounce2 cid] v9eg>1 #af ounces4 ,tablespoonful once a day4 ,,ii4--,saltpet]1 #a ounce2 indigo1 #a_/b ounce2 ra9 or di/ill$ wat]1 #d p9ts4 ,dose3 #a p9t twice a day4 ,hide ,b\nd4-- ,elecampane #b ounces ,licorice root #b ounces ,fnugreek #b ounces ,ros9 #b ounces ,copp]as #a_/b ounce ,g+] #b dra*ms ,g5tian #a dra*m ,saltpet] #a dra*m ,val]ian #a dra*m ,l9se$ meal #c ounces ,sublim$ sulphur #a ounce ,black antimony #d dra*ms ,tablespoonful twice a day4 ,,horse ,,embrocations ,,& ,,l9im5ts4 ,i4--,camphor #a ounce ,acetic acid #ae ounces ,alcohol #ah ounces ,oil turp5t9e #ea ounces ,eggs #f ,di/ill$ wit* hazel #de ounces ,,ii4--,iod9e #ej gra9s ,pot iodide #abe gra9s ,soap l9im5t #f ounces ,,influ5za4 ,i4--,ammonia muriate #a #a_/b ounces ,gum camphor #a_/b ounce ,pot *loride #a ounce ,extract licorice1 p[d]$ #b ounces ,molasses1 q4s4 ,make a mass4 ,dose3 ,tablespoonful 9 =m ( pill night & morn+4 ,,ii4--,ammonium *loride #cj p>ts ,potassium nitrate #cj p>ts ,potassium sulphate 9 little cry/als #ajj p>ts ,licorice p[d] #fe p>ts ,mix4 ,dose3 ,a tablespoonful1 9 a w>m ma%1 #c times daily4 ,,inflammation ,,( ,,! ,,udd]4 ,i4--,salicylic acid #dj gra9s ,m]curial o9tm5t #a ounce ,l9im5t ( camphor #c #a_/d ounces ,apply & rub ! udd] c>efully twice a day4 ,,ii4--,belladonna root #a dra*m ,oil turp5t9e #a ounce ,camphor #a dra*m ,solution gre5 soap1 q4s4 #f ounces ,mix & make a l9im5t4 ,ba! ! udd] sev]al times ) hot wat]4 ,dry & apply above l9im5t4 ,,mange4 ,sulphur is a specific = mange2 ! tr\ble consi/s 9 its application4 ,! #gcb old-fa%ion$ lotion ( tra9 oil & black sulphur s]ves well en\gh1 b = /abl$ animals some?+ is want$ :i* w effectually de/roy ! p>asites 9 h>ness & saddl]y )\t injury to ^? exp5sive mat]ials4 ,! creosote emulsions & coal-t> d]ivatives g5]ally are fatal to ! s>copts if br\ght into actual contact1 b a h>ness pad ) ridges ( accumulat$ grease is a suffici5t retreat = a few pregnant females dur+ a p]functory dis9fection1 & b a few days w be ne$$ to reproduce a new & vigor\s /ock4 ,a *eap & effici5t application c be made by boil+ toge!r fl[]s ( sulphur & calcis hydras 9 ! proportion ( #d p>ts ( ! =m] to #a ( ! latt]1 & #ajj ( wat]1 = half an h\r4 ,x %\ld be appli$ w>m1 or imm$iately aft] wa%+ ) s(t soap4 ,milk ,p[d] = ,c[s4--,= increas+ ! fl[ ( milk1 9 c[s1 ,hag] recomm5ds ! foll[+ mixture3 ,potassium nitrate #a "p ,alum #a "p ,sublim$ sulphur #a "p ,prep>$ *alk #a "p ,:ite bole #b p>ts ,r$ clov] #e p>ts ,anise #aj p>ts ,f5nel #aj p>ts ,salt #aj p>ts ,all %\ld be 9 tol]ably f9e p[d] & %\ld be well mix$4 ,! directions are to give #a or #b h&fuls ) ! morn+ fe$4 ,,laxatives4 ,i4--,aloes #a dra*m ,soap #ab dra*ms ,c>away #d dra*ms ,g+] #d dra*ms ,treacle1 q4s4 ,make #d balls4 ,dose3 #a daily4 ,,ii4--,ro*elle salts #b ounces ,aloes1 p[d]$ #aej gra9s ,l9se$ meal #aej gra9s ,"o dose1 giv5 9 w>m wat]4 ,lice4-- ,crude oil #a ounce ,oil t> #a ounce ,oil c$> #a dra*m ,cottonse$ oil #e ounces ,apply to p>ts4 ,,dome/ic ,,pets4 ,! s>coptic it* ( ! dog1 z well z t ( ! cat1 is transmissible to man4 ,! ,t9ea tonsurans1 ! s-call$ b>b]s' it*1 due to a try*ophyton1 & affect+ bo? ! dog & cat1 is highly contagi\s to man4 ,favus1 ,t9ea favos1 caus$ by a*orion s*o5le9i1 ( bo? animals1 is readily transmissible to human be+s4 ,! dog c>ries 9 8 inte/9es _m k9ds ( tnia 7tapeworm71 among !m ,tnia e*9ococcus1 ! eggs ( :i* cause hydatic cy/s4 ,hydatic cy/s occur 9 p]sons :o are always surr\nd$ ) dogs1 or 9 con/ant contact ) !m4 ,avi> diph!ria 7i4e41 ! diph!ria ( birds71 caus$ by at lea/ two microbes 7bacillus ( ,klebs-,loeffl] & bacillus coli71 may easily be transmitt$ to man & cause 9 him symptoms analog\s to ^? ( true diph!ritic ang9a4 ,p>rots are subject to an infecti\s ent]itis :i* may be communicat$ to human be+s1 giv+ rise to ! s-call$ psittacosis 7f ! ,greek1 psitta1 a p>rot71 ( :i* !re h be5 a numb] ( epidemics 9 ,france4 ,x is det]m9$ by ! bacillus ( ,noc>d4 ,human tub]culosis is c]ta9ly transmitt$ to dogs1 cats1 & birds4 ,cadiot1 ,gib]t1 ,rog]1 ,b5jam91 ,petit1 & ,basset1 z well z o!r obs]v]s1 cite cases :]e dogs1 cats1 & p>rots1 pres5t+ all ! lesions ( tub]culosis1 7 %[n to h contract$ x f contact ) human be+s2 :ile !re are no record$ cases1 !re c sc>cely be a natural d\bt t man may1 9 a simil> mann]1 become atta9t$ ?r\gh !m1 & t _! tub]culosis con/itutes an actual dang] to man4 ,ne$ we recall "h ! extraord9>y facility ) :i* hydrophobia is communicat$ to man ?r\gh ! dog1 cat1 etc48 ,we may1 !re=e1 conclude t we %\ld n p]mit ^! animals to take up s mu* space 9 our ap>tm5ts1 nor %\ld !y be pett$ & c>ess$ ei!r by adults or *ildr5 9 ! reckless mann] common 9 _m h\seholds4 ,! disgu/+ habit ( tea*+ animals to take bits ( food1 lumps ( sug>1 etc41 f betwe5 ! lips ( memb]s ( ! family is also to be %unn$4 ,f9ally1 any or all ( !m %\ld be bani%$ f ! h\se ! mom5t t !y display c]ta9 morbid symptoms4 ,besides1 9 c]ta9 cases1 !re %\ld be a rigid prophylaxis aga9/ c]ta9 diseases--z e*9ococcus1 = in/ance4 ,worms4--,9 cats & dogs1 r\nd worms1 ( :i* asc>is my/ax is ! #gcc mo/ common 9 cats1 are f\nd *iefly 9 "y animals4 ,?is worm has hirsute app5dages some:at resembl+ a mu/a*e4 ,to treat an animal infect$ ) su* 8gue/s10 ! pati5t %\ld be made to fa/ = #bd h\rs4 ,= a small kitt5 #a_/b gra9 ( santon91 up to a gra9 or two = l>ge cats1 foll[$ 9 an h\r by a dose ( ca/or oil1 is recomm5d$4 ,to avoid spill+ ! oil on ! animal's coat ! 8doctor0 %\ld h x heat$ & :ipp$ ) w>m milk4 ,ano!r way to get cats to take x is to sme> x on ! bottoms ( _! front feet1 :5 !y w lick x (f4 ,areca nut1 fre%ly gr\nd by ! druggi/ himself & adm9i/]$ 9 lib]al doses1 say #cj to #fj gra9s1 w usually drive out any worms 9 ! alim5t>y canal4 ,x is important t animals successfully treat$ = worms once %\ld und]go ! treatm5t a second or ?ird "t1 z all ! p>asites may n h be5 kill$ or remov$ ! fir/ "t1 or _! prog5y may h develop$ 9 ! field vacat$ by ! p>5ts4 ,! foll[+ is an effective =mula3 ,g]man wormse$1 p[d]$ #a dra*m ,fluid extract ( spigelia #c dra*ms ,fluid extract ( s5na #a dra*m ,fluid extract ( val]ian #a dra*m ,syrup ( buck?orn #b ounces ,dose3 ,f #a_/b to #a teaspoonful night & morn+4 ,foot ,it*4--,! it* t affects ! feet ( p\ltry is contagi\s 9 a mo/ insidi\s way4 ,! v>i\s birds ( a p\ltry y>d 9 :i* ! disease is preval5t1 r>ely contract x until aft] a comp>atively long p]iod ( exposure1 b soon] or lat] e bird w contract x4 ,"o infect$ bird is en\gh to infect a :ole y>d full1 & once infect$1 x is exce$+ly difficult to get rid (4 ,! disease1 h[ev]1 affects birds only4 ,! treatm5t is simple4 ,hav+ s(t5$ ! feet by keep+ !m = "s m9utes 9 tepid wat]1 ! scabs t cov] !m are c>efully deta*$1 avoid+1 z f> z possible1 caus+ !m to ble$1 & tak+ ! precaution ( ?r[+ e scab into ! fire4 ,! feet are !n c>efully dri$1 ) a bit ( s(t cotton mat]ial1 :i* %\ld aft]w>ds be burn$2 !n ! entire surface is cov]$ ) o9tm5t 7,ungu5tum sulphuris kal9um74 ,an alcoholic solution ( ,canada balsam is pref]r$ by "s4 ,protect ! o9tm5t by a prop] appliance1 & all[ x to rema9 9 contact #b or #c days4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t remove ! applications & wa% (f ) tepid suds4 ,! bird w g5]ally be f\nd cur$1 b if n1 repeat ! treatm5t--remov+ ! rema9+ scabs1 :i* w be f\nd s(t en\gh )\t resort+ to soak+ 9 tepid wat]1 & apply ! o9tm5t directly4 ,!re is ano!r me?od ( treatm5t t has be5 f\nd successful1 :i* n only cures ! infect$ birds b prev5ts ! infection ( o!rs4 ,x is simply provid+ a s& ba? = ! birds1 "u a little %$1 :]e !y c indulge !mselves 9 roll+ & scrat*+1 ! ba? be+ compos$ ( equal p>ts f9e s&1 *>coal 9 f9e p[d]1 a%es1 & fl[]s ( sulphur1 sift$ toge!r4 ,! ba? %\ld be r5ew$ e week4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks ! cure is complete4 ,foods4-- ,i4--,p[d]$ egg %ell or phosphate ( lime #d ounces ,iron sulphate #d ounces ,p[d]$ capsicum #d ounces ,p[d]$ ,fnugreek #b ounces ,p[d]$ black pepp] #a ounce ,silv] s& #b ounces ,p[d]$ l5tils #f ounces ,a tablespoonful to be mix$ ) suffici5t fe$ = #bj h5s4 ,,ii4--,oy/] %ell1 gr\nd #e ounces ,magnesia #a ounce ,calcium c>bonate #c ounces ,bone1 gr\nd #a #a_/b ounces ,mu/>d bran #a #a_/b ounces ,capsicum #a ounce ,p[d]s4-- ,i4--,cay5ne pepp] #b p>ts ,allspice #d p>ts ,g+] #f p>ts ,p[d] & mix well toge!r4 ,a teaspoonful to be mix$ ) e p\nd ( food1 & f$ #b or #c times a week4 ,also fe$ fre% meat1 f9ely *opp$4 ,,ii4--,p[d]$ egg %ells #d p>ts ,p[d]$ capsicum #d p>ts ,sulphate ( iron #d p>ts ,p[d]$ ,fnugreek #b p>ts ,p[d]$ black pepp] #a "p ,s& #b p>ts ,p[d]$ dog biscuit #f p>ts ,a tablespoonful to be mix$ ) suffici5t meal or porridge to fe$ #bj h5s4 #gcd ,lice ,p[d]s4-- ,i4--,sulphur #d ounces ,tobacco du/ #f ounces ,c$> oil #a_/d ounce ,:ite hellebore #d ounces ,crude naph?ol #a ounce ,p[d]$ *alk1 q4s4 #b p\nds ,,ii4--,sulphur #a ounce ,c>bolic acid #a_/d ounce ,crude naph?ol #a ounce ,p[d]$ *alk #a p\nd ,r\p or ,gapes4--,r\p 9 p\ltry is caus$ by ! pres5ce ( p>asites or entozoa 9 ! w9dpipe4 ,"y birds are mo/ commonly affect$4 ,! be/ me?od ( treatm5t is to expose ! affect$ bird to ! fumes ( heat$ c>bolic acid until on ! po9t ( suffocation4 ,! bird may be plac$ 9 a box ) a hot brick1 & c>bolic acid plac$ !reon4 ,! f[ls soon recov] f ! incipi5t suffocation1 & are almo/ always fre$ f ! disease4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to burn ! p>asites c\gh$ out1 & ! bodies ( any birds :i* may die ( ! disease4 ,! foll[+ p[d]s = ! treatm5t ( 8r\p0 9 p\ltry h be5 recomm5d$3 ,i4--,potassium *lorate #a ounce ,p[d]$ cubebs #a ounce ,p[d]$ anise #a_/b ounce ,p[d]$ licorice #a #a_/b ounces ,mix a teaspoonful ) ! food = #bj h5s4 ,,ii4--,ammonium *loride #a ounce ,black antimony #a_/d ounce ,p[d]$ anise #a_/b ounce ,p[d]$ squill #a_/d ounce ,p[d]$ licorice #b ounces ,mix & use 9 ! =ego+4 ,,= ,,%eep3 ,dips4--,= ! prev5tion ( 8scab0 9 %eep1 :i* results f ! burr[+ ( an ac>us or ! de/ruction ( ! p>asite :5 pres5t1 v>i\s prep>ations ( a some:at simil> "* are us$4 ,! foll[+ =mulas = %eep dips are recomm5d$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture3 ,i4--,soap #a p\nd ,crude c>bolic acid #a p9t ,wat] #ej gallons ,dissolve ! soap 9 a gallon or m ( boil+ wat]1 add ! acid1 & /ir ?or\ghly4 ,,ii4--,fre% skimm$ milk #a gallon ,k]os5e #b gallons ,*urn toge!r until emulsifi$1 or mix & put into ! mixture a =ce pump & direct ! /ream f ! pump back into ! mixture4 ,! emulsification w take place m rapidly if ! milk be add$ :ile boil+ hot4 ,use #a gallon ( ?is emulsion to ea* #aj gallons ( wat] requir$4 ,con/ipation4-- ,i4--,gre5 soap #aej gra9s ,l9se$ oil #a #a_/b ounces ,wat] #ae ounces ,give #a_/e e #a_/b h\r till action takes place4 ,,ii4--,calomel #a #a_/b gra9s ,sug> #ae gra9s ,"o dose4 ,loss ( ,appetite4-- ,sodium sulphate1 dri$ #ij gra9s ,sodium bic>bonate #cj gra9s ,rhub>b #cj gra9s ,calamus #ij gra9s ,=m ! mass into #f pills4 ,give "o twice daily4 ,inflammation ( ! ,eyes4-- ,z9c sulphate #bj gra9s ,mucilage qu9ce se$ #d ounces ,di/ill$ wat] #d ounces ,ba! eyes twice daily4 ,v9eg> ,i4--,into a hog%ead ) a l>ge bunghole put #a1ejj p>ts1 by weight1 ( honey1 #abe p>ts ( c>ob-pods1 cut into pieces1 #ej p>ts ( p[d]$ r$ or :ite potassium bit>trate1 #abe p>ts ( p[d]$ t>t>ic acid1 #b1jjj p>ts ( rais9 /ems1 #djj p>ts ( ! be/ brew]s' yea/1 or #ejj ( leav5 rubb$ up 9 wat]2 add #af1jjj p>ts ( triple v9eg> & #cd1jjj p>ts ( #dj p] c5t _s1 conta9+ no fusel oil4 ,/ir all vigor\sly toge!r2 fill up ! hog%ead ) hot wat] 7#ajj ,f471 close ! bunghole ) gauze to keep out insects1 & let ! cont5ts ( ! cask /& = f #d to #f weeks or until !y h turn$ to v9eg>4 ,! temp]ature ( ! room %\ld be f #gg to #hh ,f4 ,draw (f half ! v9eg>1 & fill ! hog%ead up aga9 ) #ae p>ts ( s(t wat] & #a "p ( _s 7#dj p] c5t74 ,d ?is #d times1 !n draw (f all ! v9eg> & beg9 ! fir/ process ov] aga94 ,?is me?od ( mak+ v9eg> is suitable = h\seholds & small deal]s1 b w\ld n suffice = #gce :olesale manufactur]s1 s9ce x w\ld take too long to produce any l>ge am\nt4 ,,ii4--,put into an upright w9e cask op5 at ! top1 #ad1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( lukew>m wat]1 #b1ccc p>ts ( #fj p] c5t alcohol1 #ejj p>ts ( br[n sug>1 #abe p>ts ( p[d]$ r$ or :ite potassium bit>trate1 #bej p>ts ( good brew]s' yea/1 or #abe p>ts ( leav51 #a1abe p>ts ( triple v9eg>1 & /ir until ! sub/ances are dissolv$4 ,lay a clo? & a p]=at$ cov] ov] ! cask & let x /& 9 a temp]ature ( #gb to #gg ,f4 f #d to #f weeks2 !n draw (f ! v9eg>4 ,! ?ick deposit at ! bottom1 ! 8"m ( v9eg>10 s call$1 c be us$ 9 mak+ m v9eg>4 ,p\r ov] x ! same quantities ( wat] & alcohol us$ at fir/2 b aft] ! v9eg> has be5 drawn (f twice1 half ! fir/ quantity ( sug> & potassium bit>trate1 & ! :ole quantity ( yea/1 mu/ be add$4 ,?is makes excell5t v9eg>4 ,,iii4--,a good /rong v9eg> = h\sehold use may be made f apple or pe> peel+s4 ,put ! peel+s 9 a /one j> 7n glaz$ ) lead7 or 9 a cask1 & p\r ov] !m wat] & a little v9eg>1 f]m5t$ be]1 s\r$ w9e1 or beet juice4 ,/ir well1 cov] ) a l95 clo? & leave 9 a w>m room4 ,! v9eg> w be ready 9 #b or #c weeks4 ,,iv4--,two wood5 casks ( any desir$ size1 ) light cov]s1 are provid$4 ,!y may be call$ ,a & ,b4 ,a is fill$ ) v9eg>1 a t5? "p ( ?is is p\r$ (f into ,b1 & an equal am\nt ( f]m5t$ be]1 w9e1 or any o!r sweet or v9\s liquid1 or a mixture ( #a1abe p>ts1 by weight1 ( alcohol1 #aa1ejj to #ad1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 & #a1abe p>ts ( beet juice1 put into ,a4 ,:5 v9eg> is ne$$1 x is drawn out ( ,b1 an equal quantity is p\r$ f ,a into ,b & ! same quantity ( v9eg>-mak+ liquids put into ,a4 ,9 ?is way v9eg> is con/antly be+ made & ! process may g on = ye>s1 provid$ t ! casks are l>ge en\gh s t n m ?an a t5? ( ! cont5ts ( ,a is us$ 9 a week4 ,if too mu* is us$1 s t ! v9eg> 9 ! fir/ cask becomes weak1 ! c\rse ( ! v9eg> mak+ is di/urb$ = a long "t1 & ?is fact1 ^: importance has n be5 und]/ood1 prev5ts ?is me?od--9 its ess5tial pr9ciples ! be/--f be+ employ$ on a l>ge scale4 ,! surplus 9 ,a acts z a f]m5tative4 ,aromatic ,v9eg>4--,i4--,sixte5 ounces glacial acetic acid1 #dj drops oil ( cloves1 #dj drops oil ( rosem>y1 #dj drops oil ( b]gamot1 #af drops oil ( n]oli1 #cj drops oil ( lav5d]1 #a dra*m b5zoic acid1 #a_/b ounce camphor1 #cj to #dj drops comp\nd t9cture ( lav5d]1 #c ounces _s ( w9e4 ,dissolve ! oils1 ! b5zoic acid1 & ! camphor 9 ! _s ( w9e1 mix ) acetic acid & %ake until bright1 la/ly add+ ! t9cture ( lav5d] to color4 ,,ii4--,dri$ leaves ( rosem>y1 rue1 wormwood1 sage1 m9t1 & lav5d] fl[]s1 ea* #a_/b ounce2 bruis$ nutmegs1 cloves1 angelica root1 & camphor1 ea* #a_/d ( an ounce2 rectifi$ alcohol1 #d ounces2 conc5trat$ acetic acid1 #af ounces4 ,mac]ate ! mat]ials = a day 9 ! alcohol2 !n add ! acid & dige/ = #a week long] at a temp]ature ( #dij ,f4 ,f9ally press out ! n[ aromatis$ acid & filt] x4 ,cid] ,v9eg>4--,by 8artificial v9eg>0 is meant v9eg> made by ! quick me?od ) bee*wood %av+s4 ,?is _c be c>ri$ out ) any economy on a small scale1 & requires a plant4 ,a modification ( ! regul> plan is z foll[s3 ,remove ! head f a good tight :isky b>rel1 & put 9 a wood5 faucet ne> ! bottom4 ,fill ! b>rel ) corn cobs & lay an empty c(fee sack ov] !m4 ,moi/5 ! cobs by spr9kl+ !m ) "s good1 /rong1 natural v9eg>1 & let !m soak = a few h\rs4 ,aft] ! lapse ( #b or #c h\rs draw (f ! v9eg> & aga9 moi/5 ! cobs1 repeat+ ?is until !y are r5d]$ s\r ?r\gh\t1 add+ ea* "t #a qu>t ( high w9es to ! v9eg> be=e ?r[+ x back on ! cobs4 ,?is prev5ts ! v9eg> f becom+ flat1 by ! absorption ( its acetic acid by ! cobs4 ,mix a gallon ( molasses ) a gallon ( high w9e & #ad gallons ( wat] & p\r x on ! cobs4 ,soak = #h h\rs1 !n draw (f & p\r on ! cobs aga94 ,repeat ?is twice daily1 until ! v9eg> becomes s\r en\gh to suit4 ,by hav+ a batt]y ( b>rels1 say #d b>rels prep>$ z above1 ! manufacture may be made remun]ative1 especially if ! residue ( sug> casks 9 place ( molasses1 & ! remnants ( ale1 etc41 f ! b>-rooms ar\nd t[n are us$4 ,all sug>-conta9+ fruit may be utiliz$ = v9eg> mak+4 ,,v9eg>1 ,,te/s ,,=3 ,see ,foods4 ,,v9eg>1 ,,toilet3 ,see ,cosmetics4 #gcf ,,violet ,,ammonia3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,violet ,,wat]3 ,see ,p]fumes4 ,,viol9 ,,ros93 ,see ,ros94 ,,viol9 ,,v>ni%3 ,see ,v>ni%es4 ,,viscose3 ,see ,celluloid4 ,,voice ,,loz5ges3 ,see ,confection]y4 ,,vulcanization ,,( ,,rubb]3 ,see ,rubb]4 ,,wagon ,,grease3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,walls1 ,,damp3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,wall ,,& ,,wall-,,pap] ,,clean]s3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods1 also ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,wall-,,pap] ,,dyes3 ,see ,dyes4 ,,wall-,,pap] ,,pa/e3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,wall ,,pap]1 ,,removal ,,(3 ,see ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,wall ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+ & ,h\sehold ,=mulas4 ,,wall ,,prim+3 ,see ,pa9ts4 ,,walnut3 ,see ,wood4 ,,w>m+ ,,bottle3 ,see ,bottles4 ,,w>p+1 ,,prev5tion ,,(3 ,see ,wood4 ,w>ts ,w>t ,cure4--,! foll[+ is especially useful 9 cases :]e ! w>ts are v num]\s3 ,i4--,*loral hydrate #a "p ,acetic acid #a "p ,salicylic acid #d p>ts ,sulphuric e!r #d p>ts ,collodion #e p>ts ,mix4 ,directions3 ,e morn+ apply ! =ego+ to ! w>ts1 pa9t+ "o coat on ano!r4 ,%\ld ! mass fall (f )\t tak+ ! w>ts ) x1 repeat ! op]ation4 ,take1 int]nally #aj gra9s ( burnt magnesia daily4 ,,ii4--,sulphur #aj p>ts ,acetic acid #e p>ts ,glyc]9e #be p>ts ,keep ! w>ts cov]$ ) ?is mixture4 ,,wa%+ ,,fluids ,,& ,,p[d]s3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,wa/e1 ,,photographic1 ,,its ,,disposition3 ,see ,photography4 ,,wat*--,,dial ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives1 "u ,jewel]s' ,cem5ts4 ,,wat* ,,gild+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,wat*mak]s' ,=mulas ,,wat* ,,manufactur]s' ,,alloys4 ,"s v t5aci\s & h>d alloys1 = mak+ ! p>ts ( wat*es :i* are n s5sitive to magnetism1 are z foll[s3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,v ,,vi ,,vii ,plat9um #fb4ge #fb4ge #fb4ge #ed4cb #j4e #j4e -- ,copp] #ah #af4bj #af4bj #af #ah4e #ah4e #be ,nickel #ah #ah #af4ej #bd4gj -- #b #a ,cadmium #a4be #a4be #a4be #a4be -- -- -- ,cobalt -- -- #a4ej #a4if -- -- -- ,tung/5 -- #a4hj #a4hj #a4gg -- -- -- ,palladium -- -- -- -- #gb #gb #gj ,silv] -- -- -- -- #f4e #g #d ,rhodium -- -- -- -- #a -- -- ,gold -- -- -- -- #a4e -- -- ,a non-magnetic alloy = wat*-spr+s1 :eels1 etc43 ,gold1 #cj to #dj p>ts2 palladium1 #cj to #dj p>ts2 copp]1 #aj to #bj p>ts2 silv]1 #j4a to #e p] c5t2 cobalt1 #j4a to #b4e p] c5t2 tung/51 #j4a to #e p] c5t2 rhodium1 #j4a to #e p] c5t2 plat9um1 #j4a to #e p] c5t4 ,an ,alloy = ,wat* ,p9ion ,sockets4--,gold1 #ca p>ts2 silv]1 #ai p>ts2 copp]1 #ci p>ts2 palladium1 #a "p4 ,replac+ ,rubies ^: ,sett+s h ,det]iorat$4--,enl>ge1 ) ! squ>] 7/eel broo* = enl>g+ holes71 ! hole ( ! old sett+1 & adju/ x1 ) h>d rubb+1 to ! extremity ( a /em ( pi]c$ brass wire4 ,take ! /em 9 an ,am]ican nipp]s1 & set ! ruby at ! extremity 7! sett+ may be driv5 back by us+ a flat burni%+ tool1 v g5tly74 ,!n take (f ) a cleav+ file ! "p ( ! /em :]e ! ruby is set1 & dim9i% x to ! ?ickness desir$1 by fil+ on ! f+]1 or on cork4 ,^! op]ations f9i%$1 #gcg a set /opp] is obta9$ :i* n[ ne$s only to be solidly fix$ at ! suitable height1 9 ! hole prep>$4 ,to ,/raight5 ,b5t ,tee?4--,b5t tee? are /raight5$ by means ( ! screwdriv] us$ z a lev] aga9/ ! root ( ! adjac5t tee?1 & b5t pivots may be held 9 ! jaws ( ! pli]s & ! p9ion b5t ) ! f+]s 9 ! direction & to ! ext5t requir$4 ,= su* a purpose1 pli]s hav+ ! jaws l9$ ) brass are us$ s t ! pivot is n bruis$1 & ! b5d+ has to be done ) great c>e4 ,to ,r5ew a ,brok5 ,b>rel ,too?4--,frequ5tly1 9 consequ5ce ( ! break+ ( a spr+1 a too? ( a b>rel is brok54 ,sometimes x may only be b5t1 9 :i* case ! blade ( a p5knife may be us$ ) c>e4 ,if #b or #c successive tee? are lack+1 ! be/ way is to *ange ! b>rel1 b a s+le too? may be easily r5ew$ 9 ?is way3 ,drill a hole ?r\gh ! ?ickness ( ! too?1 tak+ c>e n to p5etrate ! drum2 !n fit 9 a piece ( metal tightly & give x1 z well z possible1 ! correct =m ( ! too?4 ,to assure solidity1 sold] x2 !n clean & r\nd ! edges4 ,prop]ly execut$ ! repair w sc>cely be notic$4 ,heat$ ,sawdu/4--,sawdu/ is kn[n to h be5 employ$ f "t immemorial by wat*mak]s & goldsmi?s = ! purpose ( dry+ r9s$ articles4 ,! process ( dry+ c be accel]at$ f\r-fold if ! sawdu/ is heat$ be=e use4 ,?is mu/1 h[ev]1 be done ) great caution & con/ant /irr+4 ,to ,repair a ,dial1 etc41 ) ,enamel ,appli$ ,cold4--,!re are two k9ds ( false enamel = application1 :5 cold1 to damag$ dials4 ,! fir/1 a mixture ( :ite ros9 & :ite lead1 melts l seal+ wax1 :i* x closely resembles4 ,x is advisable :5 ab\t to apply x to g5tly heat ! dial & ! blade ( a knife1 & ) ! knife cut ! piece ( enamel ( ! requisite size & lay x on ! dial4 ,! new enamel mu/ project some:at above ! old4 ,:5 cold ! surface is level$ by scrap+1 & a %9+ surface is at once produc$ by hold+ at a little di/ance f ! flame ( a _s lamp4 ,x is necess>y to be v c>eful 9 conduct+ ?is op]ation1 z ! lea/ excess ( heat w burn ! enamel & turn x yell[4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 pref]able to ! foll[+ al?\gh m difficult to apply1 z x is h>d] & does n become dirty s soon4 ,! second false enamel conta9s :ite lead mix$ ) melt$ :ite wax4 ,x is appli$ l cem5t1 neatly fill+ up ! space & aft]w>ds rubb+ ) tissue pap] to produce a %9+ surface4 ,if rubb$ ) a knife blade or o!r /eel implem5t its surface w be discolor$4 ,lett]+ a ,clock ,dial4--,pa9t+ ,roman *>act]s on a clock dial is n su* a difficult task z might at fir/ be imag9$4 ,if "o has a set ( draw+ in/rum5ts & prop]ly proportions ! lett]s1 x is really simple4 ,! lett]s %\ld be proportion$ z foll[s3 ,! bread? ( an 8,i0 & a space %\ld equal #a_/b ! bread? ( an 8,x10 t is1 if ! 8,x0 is #a_/b in* broad1 ! 8,i0 w be #c_/af in* broad & ! space betwe5 lett]s in*1 ?us mak+ ! 8,i0 plus "o space equal to #a_/d in* or half ! bread? ( an 8,x40 ,! 8,v's0 %\ld be ! same bread? z ! 8,x's40 ,aft] ! lett]s h be5 laid (f 9 p5cil1 outl9e !m ) a rul+ p5 & fill 9 ) a small camel's-hair bru%1 us+ gloss black pa9t ?9n$ to ! prop] consi/5cy to "w well 9 ! rul+ p54 ,us+ ! rul+ p5 to outl9e ! lett]s gives %>p /raight edges1 :i* x w\ld be impossible to obta9 ) a bru% 9 ! h&s ( an inexp]i5c$ p]son4 ,v]ification ( ! ,dep?+s4--,9 ! v]ge wat*es1 ! ,engli% wat*es1 & ^? ( analog\s calib]1 x is (t5 difficult to v]ify ! dep?+s1 except by ! t\*4 ,= ?is reason we (t5 f9d ! upp] plate pi]c$ ov] ea* dep?4 ,9 ! jewel$ places1 in/ead ( p]=at+ ! upp] plate1 x suffices to deposit a drop ( v limpid oil on ! ruby1 tak+ c>e t x does n scatt]4 ,9 ?is mann] a l5s is =m$ & "o may readily di/+ui% ! dep?+4 ,to ,make or ,enl>ge a ,dial ,hole4--,by wett+ ! grav] or ! file ) _s ( turp5t9e1 cracks may be avoid$ & ! "w w be accompli%$ mu* quick]4 ,to ,repair a ,repeat+ ,clock-,bell4--,:5 ! bell is brok51 :e!r %ort (f or at a di/ance1 file x away & pi]ce x1 & aft] hav+ %>p5$ a little ! /em ( ! spr+ :i* rema9s1 pu% by =ce1 9 ! hole j made1 a ?9 piece ( sold] 7pewt]74 ,! s\nd w n h *ang$ 9 any appreciable mann]4 ,a seconds p5dulum ( a regulator1 :i* has no comp5sation = temp]ature w cause ! clock to lose ab\t #gch #a second p] day = ea* #c degrees ( increase 9 heat4 ,a wat* )\t a comp5sation balance w lose #f4aa seconds 9 #bd h\rs = ea* increase ( #a ,f4 9 heat4 ,to ,rem$y ,worn ,p9ions4--,turn ! leaves or roll]s s t ! worn places ^u !m w be t[>d ! arbor or %aft & fa/5 !m 9 t position4 ,if !y are 8roll+ p9ions10 & !y _c be secur$ o!rwise1 a little s(t sold] %\ld be us$4 ,wat*mak]s' ,oil4--,i4--,put "s lead %av+s into neat's foot oil1 & all[ to /& = "s "t1 ! long] ! bett]4 ,! lead neutralizes ! acid1 & ! result is an oil t nev] corrodes or ?ick5s4 ,,ii4--,/ir up = "s "t be/ olive oil ) wat] kept at ! boil+ po9t2 !n aft] ! two fluids h sep>at$1 decant ! oil & %ake up ) a little fre%ly burn$ lime4 ,let ! mixture /& = "s weeks 9 a bottle expos$ to ! sunlight & air1 b protect$ f wet & dirt4 ,:5 filt]$1 ! oil w be ne>ly colorless1 p]fectly limpid1 & w nev] ?ick5 or become rancid4 ,to ,weak5 a ,balance ,spr+4--,a balance spr+ may ne$ weak5+2 ?is is effect$ by gr9d+ ! spr+ ?9n]4 ,remove ! spr+ f ! collet & place x ^u a piece ( pegwood cut to fit ! c5t] cod4 ,a piece ( s(t iron wire1 flatt5$ s z to pass freely betwe5 ! coils & *>g$ ) a little p[d]$ oil/one1 w s]ve z a gr9d]1 & ) x ! /r5g? ( ! spr+ may soon be r$uc$4 ,op]ations w be conf9$ to ! c5t] coil1 = no o!r "p ( ! spr+ w re/ suffici5tly aga9/ ! wood to enable x to be gr\nd1 b ?is w g5]ally suffice4 ,! effect w be r rapid2 !re=e c>e %\ld be tak5 or ! spr+ may be made too weak4 ,to ,make a ,clock ,/rike ,correctly4--,pry ! plates ap>t on ! /rik+ side1 slip ! pivots ( ! upp] :eels out1 & hav+ disconnect$ !m f ! tra91 turn !m p>tly ar\nd & put !m back4 ,if /ill incorrect1 repeat ! exp]im5t4 ,a few ef=ts at mo/ w get !m to "w prop]ly4 ,! s\nd 9 cuckoo clocks is caus$ by a wire act+ on a small bell[s :i* is connect$ ) two small pipes l organ pipes4 ,to ,reblack ,clock ,h&s4--,"o coat ( asphaltum v>ni% w make old ru/y h&s look z good z new1 & w dry 9 a few m9utes4 ,to ,tight5 a ,ruby ,p94--,set ! ruby p9 9 asphaltum v>ni%4 ,x w become h>d 9 a few m9utes & be mu* firm] & bett] ?an ! gum %ellac1 g5]ally us$4 ,to ,loos5 a ,ru/y ,screw 9 a ,wat* ,movem5t4--,put a little oil ar\nd ! screw2 heat ! head lightly by means ( a r$-hot iron rod1 apply+ ! same = #b or #c m9utes4 ,! ru/y screw may !n be remov$ z easily z ?\gh x _h j be5 put 94 ,gild+ ,wat* ,movem5ts4 7,see also ,gild+47--,9 gild+ wat* movem5ts1 ! greate/ c>e mu/ be obs]v$ ) reg>d to cleanl9ess4 ,! "w is fir/ to be plac$ into a weak solution ( cau/ic pota% = a few m9utes1 & !n r9s$ 9 cold wat]4 ,! movem5ts are n[ to be dipp$ into pickl+ acid 7nitr\s acid7 = an in/ant1 & !n plung$ imm$iately into cold wat]4 ,aft] be+ f9ally r9s$ 9 hot wat]1 !y may be plac$ 9 ! gild+ ba? & all[$ to rema9 !re9 until !y h receiv$ ! requir$ coat+4 ,a few seconds w g5]ally be suffici5t1 z ?is class ( "w does n require to be v /rongly gilt4 ,:5 gilt1 ! movem5ts are to be r9s$ 9 w>m wat]1 & scrat*-bru%$2 !y may !n be return$ to ! ba?1 = an in/ant1 to give !m a good color4 ,la/ly1 r9se 9 hot wat] & place ! movem5ts 9 clean box sawdu/4 ,an economical mode ( gild+ wat* movem5ts is to employ a copp] anode--work+ f ! solution1 add #aj p>ts ( cream ( t>t> & a correspond+ quantity ( elutriat$ *alk to obta9 a pulp t c be put on ) ! bru%4 ,! gild+ or silv]+ obta9$ 9 ?is mann] is pretty1 b ( slight durability4 ,at ! pres5t "t ?is me?od is only seldom employ$1 s9ce ! electroplat+ af=ds a means ( produc+ gild+ & silv]+ 9 a h&some & comp>atively *eap mann]1 ! metallic coat+ hav+ to be b v ?94 ,gold & silv] = ?is k9d ( "w are us$ 9 ! =m ( potassium cyanide ( gold or potassium cyanide ( silv] solutions1 x be+ a cu/om to copp] ! z9c articles previ\sly by ! aid ( a batt]y1 s9ce ! appe>ance w !n be mu* h&som] ?an on z9c alone4 ,gild+ or silv]+ ) leaf metal is done by poli%+ ! surface ( ! z9c bright & coat+ x ) a v t\gh l9se$-oil v>ni% dilut$ ) #aj times ! quantity ( b5zol4 ,! metallic leaf is !n laid on & poli%$ ) an agate4 #gci ,,wat*mak]s' ,,clean+ ,,prep>ations3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,wat* ,,movem5ts1 ,,palladium ,,plat+ ,,(3 ,see ,plat+4 ,wat]1 ,natural & ,artificial ,9 mak+ an artificial m9]al wat] x mu/ be rememb]$ t x is seldom possible to reproduce ! wat] by m]ely comb9+ its *emical compon5ts4 ,9 o!r words1 ! analysis ( ! wat] _c s]ve z a basis f :i* to prep>e x1 because ev5 ?\gh all ( ! compon5ts 7 put toge!r1 _m w\ld be f\nd insoluble1 & o!rs w\ld =m new *emical comb9ations1 s t ! result w\ld diff] widely f ! m9]al wat] imitat$4 ,= example1 c>bonate ( magnesia & c>bonate ( lime1 :i* are important +r$i5ts 9 mo/ m9]al wat]s1 w n make a cle> solution unless fre%ly precipitat$4 ,h5ce1 :5 ^! are to be reproduc$ 9 a m9]al wat] x is cu/om>y to employ o!r sub/ances1 :i* w dissolve at once1 & :i* w1 ^u comb9+1 produce ^! salts4 ,! ord] 9 :i* ! salts are add$ is also a v important matt]1 = by dissolv+ ! salts sep>ately & !n c>efully comb9+ !m1 solutions may be effect$ :i* w\ld be impossible 7 all ! salts add$ toge!r to ! wat] 9 ! portable f\nta94 ,9 ?is connection ! foll[+ table w be f\nd useful3 ,gr\p ,i ,ammonium c>bonate4 ,ammonium *loride4 ,sodium borate 7borax74 ,potassium c>bonate4 ,potassium *loride4 ,potassium nitrate4 ,potassium sulphate4 ,sodium bromide4 ,sodium c>bonate4 ,sodium *loride4 ,sodium fluoride4 ,sodium iodide4 ,sodium nitrate4 ,sodium phosphate4 ,sodium pyrophosphate4 ,sodium silicate4 ,sodium sulphate4 ,gr\p #b ,li?ium c>bonate4 ,gr\p #c ,alum9um *loride4 ,b>ium *loride4 ,calcium bromide4 ,calcium *loride4 ,calcium nitrate4 ,magnesium nitrate4 ,/rontium *loride4 ,li?ium *loride4 ,gr\p #d ,magnesium sulphate4 ,alum 7potassa or soda alum74 ,gr\p #e ,lime c>bonate4 ,magnesium c>bonate hydrate4 ,lime sulphate precipitate4 ,gr\p #f ,li?ium c>bonate4 ,acid hydro*loric4 ,acid sulphuric4 ,iron *loride4 ,iron pyrophosphate4 ,iron sulphate4 ,manganese *loride4 ,manganese sulphate4 ,gr\p #g ,sodium ars5iate1 or sodium sulphide1 or acid hydrosulphuric4 ,explanation ( ,gr\ps4--,! explanation ( ! use ( ^! gr\ps is simple4 ,:5 ab\t to prep>e an artificial m9]al wat]1 fir/ asc]ta9 f ! =mula :i* ( ! +r$i5ts belong to gr\p #a4 ,^! %\ld be dissolv$ 9 wat]1 & !n be filt]$ & add$ to di/ill$ wat]1 & ?or\ghly agitat$4 ,next ! sub/ance or sub/ances belong+ to gr\p #b %\ld be dissolv$ 9 wat]1 !n filt]$ & add$ to ! wat]1 :i* %\ld aga9 be agitat$4 ,& s ! op]ation %\ld proce$2 :atev] +r$i5ts are requir$ f ea* gr\p %\ld be tak5 9 turn1 a solution made1 & ?is solution1 aft] be+ filt]$1 %\ld be sep>ately add$ to ! f\nta91 & ! latt] be well agitat$ be=e ! foll[+ solution is add$4 ,= gr\ps #a1 #c1 & #d1 ! salts %\ld be dissolv$ 9 #e times _! weight ( boil+1 or #aj times _! weight ( cold1 wat]4 ,= gr\p #b 7li?ium c>bonate7 ! proportions %\ld be #a "p ( li?ium c>bonate to ab\t #acj p>ts ( cold or boil+ wat]4 ,! sub/ances m5tion$ 9 gr\p #e are add$ to ! portable f\nta9 9 _! solid /ate1 & dissolve be/ :5 fre%ly precipitat$4 ,z c>bonic acid gas aids _! solution1 x is be/ to *>ge ! f\nta9 aft] !y are add$1 & agitate ?or\ghly1 bl[+ (f ! *>ge aft]w>ds if necess>y4 ,9 gr\p #e ! li?ium c>bonate is dissolv$ 9 ! acids 7see also gr\p #b71 ! iron & manganese salts are dissolv$ 9 #e p>ts ( boil+1 or #aj p>ts ( cold1 wat]1 ! solution quickly filt]$1 ! acids add$ to x1 & ! :ole mixture add$ to ! f\nta9 already *>g$ ) gas1 ! cap be+ quickly tak5 (f1 & ! solution p\r$ 94 ,! iron & manganese salts easily oxidize & produce turbidity1 !re=e ! atmosph]ic air %\ld be c>efully #gdj bl[n (f "u high pressure sev]al times :ile *>g+ f\nta9s4 ,! sub/ances m5tion$ 9 gr\p #g are nev] put into ! f\nta91 except ! ars5iate ( sodium 9 ! case ( ,vi*y wat]1 :i* conta9s b a trifl+ am\nt ( ?is comp\nd4 ,mo/ ( ! solutions may be prep>$ be=eh& & be us$ :5 requir$1 ?us sav+ consid]able "t4 ,=mulas = v>i\s wat]s w be giv5 at ! end ( ?is article4 ,a "q :i* arises 9 prep>+ m9]al wat]s is3 ,:at is ! be/ *>g+ pressure8 ,z a g5]al rule1 !y are *>g$ to a l[] pressure ?an pla9 soda2 good au?orities ev5 recomm5d *>g+ c]ta9 m9]al wat]s z l[ z #cj p\nds pressure to ! squ>e in*1 b ?is seems mu* too l[ a pressure = ! disp5s+ c\nt]4 ,f #ej to #abj p\nds pressure w\ld be a good limit1 :ile pla9 soda may be s]v$ out z high z #ahj p\nds4 ,!re mu/ be en\gh pressure completely to empty ! f\nta91 :ile enabl+ suffici5t gas to be reta9$ by ! wat] to give x a ?or\gh pung5cy4 ,moreov]1 a high pressure to ! m9]al wat] enables a druggi/ at a p9*1 :5 he runs out ( pla9 soda1 to use 8 ,vi*y wat]1 in/ead1 ) ! syrup$ dr9ks4 ,! ta/e ( ! ,vi*y is n v p]ceptible :5 cov]$ by ! syrup1 & mo/ cu/om]s w n notice x4 ,apoll9>is ,wat]4-- ,sodium c>bonate #b1hce gra9s ,sodium sulphate #cce gra9s ,sodium silicate #aj gra9s ,magnesium *loride #aih gra9s ,calcium *loride #dj gra9s ,potassa alum #eg gra9s ,magnesium c>bonate hydrate #aeh gra9s ,iron sulphate #ba gra9s ,hunyadi ,wat]4-- ,magnesium sulphate #djj p>ts ,sodium sulphate #djj p>ts ,potassium sulphate #b p>ts ,sodium *loride #ca p>ts ,sodium bic>bonate #ab p>ts ,wat] #a qu>t ,li?ia ,wat]4-- ,li?ium c>bonate #abj gra9s ,sodium bic>bonate #a1ajj gra9s ,c>bonat$ wat] #aj gallons ,= 8/ill0 li?ia wat]1 sub/itute li?ium citrate = ! c>bonate 9 ! above =mula4 ,seltz] ,wat]4--,hydro*loric acid 7*emically pure71 #b1ebj gra9s2 pure wat]1 #dj ounces4 ,mix & add m>ble du/1 #bdj gra9s2 c>bonate ( magnesium1 #dbj gra9s4 ,dissolve1 & aft] #a h\r add bic>bonate ( sodium1 #b1edj gra9s4 ,dissolve1 !n add suffici5t pure wat] to make #aj gallons4 ,filt] & *>ge to #ajj p\nds pressure4 ,vi*y ,wat]4--,! foll[+ =mula1 bas$ on ! analysis ( ,bau]-,/ruve1 yields an imitation ( ,vi*y 7,gr&e ,grille74 ,sodium iodide #j4jaf p>ts ,sodium bromide #j4jh p>ts ,sodium phosphate #b p>ts ,sodium silicate #hj p>ts ,potassium sulphate #abe p>ts ,sodium *loride #aci p>ts ,sodium c>bonate #f1gib p>ts ,alum9um *loride #a "p ,/rontium *loride #a "p ,ammonium *loride #c p>ts ,magnesium *loride #bd p>ts ,calcium *loride #agj p>ts ,manganese sulphate #j4df p>ts ,iron sulphate #a "p ,sulphuric acid #dj p>ts ,wat] to make #aj gallons ,mix ! fir/ #g +r$i5ts ) ab\t #aj times _! weight ( wat] & filt]4 ,9 ! same mann]1 mix ! next #e +r$i5ts ) wat] & filt]2 & !n ! la/ #c +r$i5ts4 ,p\r ^! solutions into suffici5t wat] conta9$ 9 a f\nta9 to make #aj gallons1 & *>ge at once ) c>bon dioxide gas4 ,wat]s l ! above are m correctly nam$ 8imitation0 ?an 8artificial10 z ! acidic & basic radicals may be> diff]5t relations to "o ano!r 9 ! natural & ! o!r4 ,,purify+ ,,wat]4 ,see also ,filt]s4 ,if an emulsion ( clay is p\r$ into a soap solution1 ! clay gradually sep>ates out )\t cl>ify+ ! liquid4 ,:5 a few drops ( hydro*loric acid1 h[ev]1 are add$ to a soap solution & a small quantity--ab\t #a4e p] c5t--( a clay emulsion p\r$ 91 ! liquid cl>ifies at once1 ) =mation ( a pl5tiful s$im5t4 ,exactly ! same process takes place :5 ! wa/e wat]s f ! comb+ process 9 sp9n+ are treat$ ) clay4 ,! wat]s :i* rema9 turbid = sev]al days conta9 #ejj to #hjj grams ( fatty sub/ances p] cubic met]4 ,if to #a lit] ( ?is liquid #a gram ( clay is add$1 ) #ae to #bj p] c5t ( wat]1 ! liquid cl>ifies ) sep>ation ( a s$im5t & assumes a gold5-br[n #gda color4 ,besides ! fatty sub/ances1 ?is deposit also conta9s a c]ta9 quantity ( nitrog5\s bodies4 ,dri$ at 7#ajj ,c47 #bab ,f41 x weighs ab\t #a4f grams & conta9s #cj p] c5t ( fat4 ,! grease obta9$ f x is cle>1 ( good quality1 & deliquesces at #ie ,f4 ,aft] removal ( ?is fat1 ! mass /ill conta9s #a4ai p] c5t ( nitrog54 ,/]ilization ( ,wat] ) ,lime ,*loride4--,9 ord] to dis9fect & /]ilize #a1jjj p>ts ( dr9k+ wat]1 #j4ae p>ts ( dry *loride ( lime are suffici5t4 ,! lime is /irr$ ) a little wat] into a ?9 pa/e & introduc$1 ) /irr+1 into ! wat] to be dis9fect$ & a few drops ( (fic9al hydro*loric acid are add$4 ,aft] #a_/b h\r ! cl>ification & dis9fection is accompli%$1 :]eupon #j4c p>ts ( calcium sulphite are add$1 9 ord] to kill ! unpleasant smell & ta/e ( ! *lor9e4 ,cl>ify+ ,muddy ,wat]4--,! wat] supply f riv]s is s muddy at times t x w n g ?r\gh ! filt]4 ,:5 ?is happ5s agitate ea* b>rel ( wat] ) #b p\nds ( phosphate ( lime & all[ x to settle4 ,?is w take b a few m9utes1 & x w be f\nd t mo/ ( ! impurities h be5 c>ri$ d[n to ! bottom4 ,! wat] c !n be drawn (f c>efully & filt]$4 ,removal ( ,iron f ,dr9k+ ,wat]4--,! simple/ me?od = remov+ ! ta/e ( iron 9 spr+ wat] is to pass ! wat] ?r\gh a filt] conta9+ a lay] ( tricalcic phosphate ei!r 9 connection ) o!r filt]+ mat]ials or alone4 ,! phosphate is fir/ recov]$ 9 a gelat9\s =m1 !n dri$ & p[d]$4 ,= ,h>dness4--,a solution p]fectly adapt$ to ?is purpose1 & "o :i* may be kept a long "t1 is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,?irty-five p>ts ( almond oil are mix$ ) #ej p>ts ( glyc]9e ( #a4bf specific gravity & #h4e p>ts ( #ej p] c5t soda lye1 & boil$ to saponification4 ,to ?is mixture1 :5 x has cool$ to f #he to #ij ,c4 7#ahe to #aid ,f471 are add$ #ajj to #abe p>ts ( boil+ wat]4 ,aft] cool+ aga91 #ejj p>ts ( wat] are add$1 & ! solution is p\r$ into a qu>t flask1 ) #id p] c5t alcohol to make up a qu>t4 ,aft] /&+ #b mon?s x is filt]$4 ,tw5ty hydrolimet] degrees ( ?is solution make1 ) #dj p>ts ( a solution ( #j4ee grams ( b>ium *loride 9 #a qu>t ( wat]1 a d5se la!r #a c5timet] high4 ,,wat] 7,,copp]73 ,see ,copp]4 ,,wat] ,,ices3 ,see ,ice ,creams4 ,,wat]1 ,,to ,,freeze3 ,see ,refrig]ation4 ,,wat] ,,jackets1 ,,anti-,,freez+ ,,solutions ,,=3 ,see ,freez+ ,prev5tives4 ,,wat] ,,spots1 ,,prim+ ,,=3 ,see ,pa9t4 ,,wat] ,,/a9s3 ,see ,wood4 ,,wat]-,,lily ,,roots3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,wat]1 ,,/irr$ ,,yell[1 ,,sc>let ,,& ,,colorless3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,wat]s 7,,toilet73 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,,wat]-,,glass ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,wat] ,,glass ,,9 ,,/]eo*romatic ,,pa9t+3 ,see ,/]eo*romy4 ,wat]pro(+ 7,see also ,enamels1 ,glazes1 ,pa9ts1 ,pres]vatives1 ,v>ni%es47 ,wat]pro(+ ,brick ,ar*es4--,wat]pro(+ ( brick ar*es is done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! masonry is fir/ smoo!d ov] ) cem5t mort>4 ,?is is !n cov]$ ) a special comp\nd on :i* a lay] ( ,hydrex felt is laid s z to lap at lea/ #ab in*es on ! transv]se seams4 ,five lay]s ( comp\nd & #e ( felt are us$1 & special att5tion is paid to secur+ tightness ar\nd ! dra9 pipes & at ! sp&rel walls4 ,9 fact ! belt is c>ri$ up ! back ( ! latt] & turn$ into ! jo9t "u ! cop+ ab\t #b in*es1 :]e x is held ) cem5t mort>4 ,! wat]pro(+ on ! ar*es is protect$ ) #a in* ( cem5t mort> & t on ! walls ) a s+le c\rse ( brickwork4 ,wat]pro(+ ,blue ,pr9ts4--,use ref9$ p>aff9e1 & apply by imm]s+ ! pr9t 9 ! melt$ wax1 or m conv5i5tly z foll[s3 ,imm]se 9 melt$ p>aff9e until saturat$1 a numb] ( pieces ( an absorb5t clo? a foot or m squ>e4 ,:5 )drawn & cool$ !y are ready = use at any "t4 #gdb ,to apply to a blue pr9t1 spread "o ( ! saturat$ clo?s on a smoo? surface1 place ! dry pr9t on x ) a second wax$ clo? on top1 & iron ) a mod]ately hot flatiron4 ,! pap] imm$iately absorbs p>aff9e until saturat$1 & becomes transluc5t & highly wat]pro($4 ,! l9es ( ! pr9t are int5sifi$ by ! process1 & !re is no %r9k+ or di/ortion4 ,z ! wax is )drawn f ! clo?s1 m c be add$ by melt+ small pieces directly "u ! iron4 ,by imm]s+ ! pr9t 9 a ba? ( melt$ p>aff9e ! process is ha/5$1 b ! iron+ is necess>y to remove ! surplus wax f ! surface1 unless ! pap] is to be directly expos$ to ! wea!r & n to be h&l$4 ,! irons c be heat$ 9 mo/ (fices by gas or ov] a lamp1 & a supply ( saturat$ clo?s obviates ! necessity ( ! ba?4 ,?is process1 :i* 0 orig9ally appli$ to blue pr9ts to be c>ri$ by ! eng9e] corps 9 wet m9es1 is equally applicable to any k9d ( pap]1 & is conv5i5t = wat]pro(+ typewritt5 or o!r notices to be po/$ up & expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,wat]pro( ,coat+s4--,i4--,ros9 oil1 #ej p>ts2 ros91 #cj p>ts2 :ite soap1 #i p>ts4 ,apply hot on ! surfaces to be protect$4 ,,ii4--,x has be5 obs]v$ t :5 glut5 dri$ at an ord9>y temp]ature1 h5ce capable ( absorb+ wat]1 is mix$ ) glyc]9e & heat$1 x becomes wat]-repell+ & suitable = a wat]pro( pa9t4 ,"o "p ( glut5 is mix$ ) p>ts ( glyc]9e1 :]eby a slimy mass is obta9$ :i* is appli$ on fabrics subsequ5tly subject$ to a heat ( #bdh ,f4 ,! heat+ %\ld n la/ until all glyc]9e has evaporat$1 o!rwise ! coat+ becomes brittle & peels (f4 ,wat]pro(+ ,canvas4--,i4--,! canvas is coat$ ) a mixture ( ! ?ree solutions nam$ bel[3 #a4 ,gelat91 #ej p>ts2 by weight1 boil$ 9 #c1jjj p>ts ( wat] free f lime4 #b4 ,alum1 #ajj p>ts1 dissolv$ 9 #c1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 #c4 ,soda soap dissolv$ 9 #b1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,,ii4--,prep>e a z9c soap by entirely dissolv+ #ef p>ts ( s(t soap 9 #abe to #aej p>ts ( wat]4 ,to ! boil+ liquid add1 ) con/ant /irr+1 #bh to #cc p>ts ( z9c vitriol 7:ite vitriol74 ,! z9c soap floats on top & =ms1 aft] cool+1 a h>d :ite mass1 :i* is tak5 out4 ,9 ord] to clean x ( admix$ c>bonic alkali1 x mu/ be remelt$ 9 boil+ fre% wat]4 ,next place #bcb4e p>ts ( raw l9se$ oil 7free f mucus7 9 a kettle ) #b4e p>ts ( be/ pota%1 & #e p>ts ( wat]4 ,?is mass is boil$ until x has become :ite & opaque & =ms a liquid1 soap-l comp\nd4 ,n[1 add sug> ( lead1 #a4be p>ts2 li?>ge1 #a "p2 r$ lead1 #b p>ts2 & br[n ros91 #aj4e p>ts4 ,! :ole is boil$ toge!r ab\t #a h\r1 ! temp]ature n be+ all[$ to exce$ #bab ,f41 & /irr+ well f "t to "t4 ,aft] ?is add #ae p>ts ( z9c soap & /ir ! :ole until ! metal soap has comb9$ ) ! oil1 ! temp]ature n exce$+ #bab ,f4 ,:5 ! mixture is complete1 add a solution ( ca\t*\c1 #a4b p>ts1 & oil ( turp5t9e1 #h4ef p>ts1 :i* mu/ be well incorporat$ by /irr+4 ,! mat]ial is fir/ coat$ on "o side by means ( a bru% ) ?is composition1 :i* mu/ h a temp]ature ( #aeh ,f4 ,!reupon hang x up to dry1 !n apply a second lay] ( composition possess+ ! same temp]ature1 :i* is likewise all[$ to dry4 ,! fib] is n[ fill$ out1 s t ! canvas is wat]pro(4 ,wat]pro(+ ,corks4--,= ! purpose ( mak+ corks z imp]vi\s z possible1 :ile at ! same "t keep+ !m ela/ic1 saturate !m ) ca\t*\c solution4 ,dissolve ca\t*\c 9 b5z9e 9 ! ratio ( #a "p ( ca\t*\c to #ai p>ts ( b5z9e4 ,into ?is liquid lay ! corks to be impregnat$ & subject !m to a pressure ( #aej to #ahj p\nds by means ( a =ce pump1 s t ! liquid c ?or\ghly ent]4 ,! corks ?us treat$ mu/ next be expos$ to a /rong draught ( air until all trace ( b5z9e has entirely evaporat$ & no m smell is noticeable4 ,,wat]pro(+ ,,fabrics4 ,x w be conv5i5t to divide wat]pro( fabrics into two classes1 viz41 ^? :i* are imp]vi\s to wat]1 & ^? :i* are wat]-repell5t4 ,x is important to make ?is di/9ction1 =1 al?\gh all wat]pro( mat]ial is made = ! purpose ( resi/+ wat]1 !re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes4 ,! physical diff]5ce betwe5 !m c be briefly summ$ up z foll[s3 ,fabrics :i* are completely imp]vi\s to wat] comprise oil-sk9s1 mack9to%es1 & all mat]ials hav+ a wat]-resi/+ film on "o or bo? sides1 or 9 ! int]ior ( ! fabric4 ,^? com+ "u ! second head+ ( wat]-repell5t mat]ials d n possess #gdc ?is film1 b h _! fib]s s treat$ z to (f] less attraction to ! wat] ?an ! wat] molecules h = !mselves4 ,! pr9cipal memb]s ( ! fir/ gr\p are ! rubb]-pro($ goods2 9 ^! ! ag5t employ$ is rubb] 9 great] or less quantity1 toge!r ) o!r bodies ( v>y+ prop]ties4 ,be=e enl>g+ on ?is class1 x w be necess>y to give a %ort description ( ! *emical & physical prop]ties ( rubb]4 ,rubb]1 or ca\t*\c1 is a natural gum exud+ f a l>ge numb] ( plants1 ^? ( ! ,euphorbiace be+ ! *ief s\rce = ! comm]cial v>iety4 ,! raw mat]ial appe>s on ! m>ket 9 ! %ape ( blocks1 cakes1 or bottle-%ap$ masses1 accord+ to ! mann] 9 :i* x has be5 collect$4 ,x possesses a d>k-br[n--sometimes ne>ly black-ext]ior2 ! int]ior ( ! mass is ( a light] %ade1 & v>ies f a d+y br[n to a dirty :ite1 ! color dep5d+ on ! diff]5t br&s & s\rces4 ,9 ! raw /ate its prop]ties are v diff]5t f :at !y are aft] go+ ?r\gh ! v>i\s manufactur+ processes1 & x has only a few ( ! *>act]i/ics :i* are g5]ally associat$ ) ,india rubb]4 ,*emically x is a complex hydroc>bon ) ! =mula ,c#de;,h#cf1 & appe>s to consi/ ( a highly por\s network ( cells hav+ sev]al diff]5t ros9s 9 _! int]/ices4 ,x is p]fectly soluble 9 no s+le solv5t1 b w yield "s ( its con/itu5ts to _m diff]5t solv5ts4 ,at a temp]ature ( #aj ,c4 7#ej ,f47 raw ca\t*\c is a solid body & possesses v little ela/icity4 ,at #cf ,c4 7#ig ,f47 x is s(t & ela/ic to a high degree1 & is capable ( be+ /ret*$ #af times its l5g?4 ,fur!r increase ( temp]ature less5s its ela/ic prop]ties1 & at #abj ,c4 7#bdh ,f47 x melts4 ,:ile 9 ! raw condition x has sev]al peculi> prop]ties1 "o ( :i* is3 ,aft] /ret*+1 & cool+ sudd5ly :ile /ret*$1 x reta9s its new =m1 & only rega9s its =m] %ape on be+ w>m$4 ,ano!r /rik+ feature is its /rong adhesive capacity2 ?is prop]ty is s p[]ful t ! rubb] _c be cut ) a knife unless ! blade is wet2 & fre%ly cut portions1 if press$ toge!r1 w adh]e & =m a homog5e\s mass4 ,f ^! facts x w be se5 h[ x diff]s f rubb] 9 ! %ape ( a cycle tire or o!r manufactur$ =m4 ,! mo/ valuable prop]ty possess$ by raw ca\t*\c is t ( ent]+ into *emical comb9ation ) sulphur1 aft] :i* its ela/icity is mu* increas$2 x w !n be> f> great] gradations ( heat & cold4 ,?is *emical treatm5t ( ca\t*\c ) sulphur is kn[n z 8vulcaniz+10 &1 if prop]ly c>ri$ out1 w yield ei!r s(t vulcaniz$ rubb] or ! h>d v>iety kn[n z vulcanite4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ca\t*\c1 aft] vulcaniz+1 has lo/ its pla/ic nature1 & c no long] be mold$ into v>i\s %apes1 s t 9 ! production ( /amp$ or mold$ objects1 ! cu/om>y me?od is to =m !m 9 unvulcaniz$ rubb] & !n to vulcanize !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,raw ca\t*\c conta9s a numb] ( natural impurities1 su* z s&1 twigs1 soil1 etc42 ^! require remov+ be=e ! manufactur+ processes c be c>ri$ out4 ,! fir/ op]ation1 aft] r\gh wa%+1 is to %r$ ! raw mat]ial into small /rips1 s z to enable ! impurities to be wa%$ out4 ,?is process is c>ri$ out by press+ ! rubb] aga9/ ! surface ( a revolv+ drum 7,a1 ,fig4 #a71 c>ry+ a numb] ( diagonally arrang$ knives1 ,b1 on its surface4 ,a lev]1 ,c1 presses ! rubb] aga9/ ! knives2 ,d is ! fulcrum on :i* ,c works1 ,e be+ a weight :i* ?r[s back ! lev] on ! pressure be+ remov$4 ,dur+ #gdd ?is op]ation a jet ( wat] is kept play+ onto ! knives to cool & enable !m to cut4 ,foll[+ ?is comes ! passage betwe5 a pair ( corrugat$ /eel roll]s 7z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b74 ,^! roll]s h ea* a diff]5t spe$1 s t ! rubb] gets /ret*$ & squeez$ at ! same "t4 ,imm$iately ov] ! roll]s a wat] pipe is fix$1 s t a /eady /ream ( wat] wa%es out all ! s& & o!r extrane\s matt]4 ,9 ,fig4 #b1 ,,aa are ! /eel roll]s1 :ile ,b is a screw work+ spr+s :i* regulate ! pressure betwe5 ! roll]s4 ,! p[] is transmitt$ f bel[ f ! pulley1 ,c1 & !nce to ! ge>+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,! next op]ation1 aft] well dry+1 is to ?or\ghly ma/icate ! %r$d$ rubb] betwe5 hot /eel roll]s1 :i* resemble ^? already describ$1 b usually h a screw-?read cut on _! surfaces4 ,fig4 #c %[s ! front view ( ?is ma/icat+ ma*9e1 ,a be+ ! roll]s1 :ile ! /eam pipe = heat+ is %[n at ,b4 ,fig4 #c;a gives a top view ( ! same ma*9e1 %[+ ! two roll]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c;,a4 ,aft] pass+ sev]al times ?r\gh ^!1 ! rubb] w be 9 ! =m ( homog5e\s /rips1 & is !n ready ei!r = mold+ or dissolv+4 ,z we are deal+ solely ) wat]pro($ textiles1 ! next process :i* conc]ns u is ! dissolv+ ( ! rubb] 9 a suitable solv5t4 ,b5zol1 c>bon bisulphide1 oil ( turp5t9e1 e!r1 & absolute alcohol1 w ea* dissolve a c]ta9 am\nt ( rubb]1 b no "o ( !m us$ alone gives a ?or\gh solution4 ,! ag5t commonly employ$ is c>bon bisulphide1 toge!r ) #aj p] c5t ( absolute alcohol4 ,:atev] solv5t is us$1 aft] be+ /eep$ 9 x = "s h\rs ! ca\t*\c swells out enorm\sly1 & !n requires ! addition ( "s o!r solv5t to effect a complete solution4 ,a g5]al me?od is to place ! f9ely %r$d$ rubb] 9 a clos$ vessel1 to cov] x ) c>bon bisulphide1 & all[ to /& = "s h\rs4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! "t ! vessel is w>m$ by means ( a /eam coil or jacket1 & #aj p>ts absolute alcohol are add$ = e #ajj p>ts ( c>bon bisulphide4 ,! :ole is !n kept g5tly /irr$ = a few h\rs4 ,fig4 #d %[s a common type ( ! vessel us$ = dissolv+ rubb]4 ,9 ?is diagram ,a is ! int]ior ( ! vessel1 & ,b a revolv+ mix] 9 ! same4 ,! :ole vessel is surr\nd$ by a /eam jacket1 ,c1 ) a /eam inlet at ,d & a tap = cond5s$ wat] at ,e4 ,f is ! cock by :i* ! solution is drawn (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,aft] ! rubb] is dissolv$1 ab\t #ab to #bd p] c5t ( sulphur is add$1 & ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! solution4 ,! sulphur may be 9 ! =m ( *loride ( sulphur1 or z sulphur pure & simple4 ,a v small quantity ( sulphur is requir$ to give ! necess>y result1 #b to #c p] c5t be+ suffici5t to effect vulcanization2 b a l>ge quantity is always add$ to ha/5 ! op]ation4 ,ev5 aft] prolong$ treatm5t ) ! two solv5ts1 a solution ( uni=m consi/5cy is nev] obta9$3 clots ( a ?ick] nature w be f\nd float+ 9 ! solution1 & ! next op]ation is to knead x up s z to obta9 equal #gde d5sity ?r\gh\t4 ,fig4 #e w give an idea ( h[ ?is mix+ is done4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,at ! top ( a clos$ wood5 *amb] is a cov]$ res]voir1 ,a1 conta9+ ! solution ( rubb]4 ,a long slit at ! base ( ?is res]voir all[s ! solution to fall betwe5 sets ( metal roll]s1 ,,bbb bel[4 ,neighbor+ roll]s are revolv+ 9 opposite directions1 & at diff]5t spe$s1 s t1 aft] pass+ all ?ree sets ( roll]s1 & em]g+ at ! bottom1 ! solution %\ld be ( uni=m consi/5cy4 ,,ccc are ! guid+ funnels1 & ,,ee are scrap]s to cle> ! solution f ! roll]s4 ,d is a w$ge-%ap$ plug work$ by a rack & p9ion1 & regulates ! fl[ ( ! solution4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,x n[ rema9s to apply ! rubb] to ! fabric & vulcanize x4 ,up to ?is /age ! sulphur has only be5 me*anically mix$ ) ! rubb]2 ! aid ( heat is n[ requir$ to br+ ab\t *emical comb9ation betwe5 ! two4 ,?is process1 :i* is kn[n z 8burn+10 consi/s 9 subject+ ! rubb]-cov]$ fabric to a temp]ature ( ab\t #bdh ,f4 ,sulphur itself melts at #bci ,f41 & ! temp]ature at :i* comb9ation takes place mu/ be above ?is4 ,fig4 #f %[s "o ( ! me?ods ( spread+ ! rubb] on ! clo?4 ,a is ! tank conta9+ ! solution ) an outlet at ! bottom arrang$ s z to regulate ! fl[ ( solution4 ,! fabric passes sl[ly und]nea? ?is1 receiv+ z x travels a ?9 coat+ ( ! wat]pro(+4 ,! two roll]s at ,b press ! solution into ! fabric & di/ribute ! pro(+ ev5ly ov] ! entire surface4 ,aft] leav+ ! two squeez+ roll]s1 ! clo? travels sl[ly ?r\gh a cov]$ *amb]1 ,c1 hav+ a s]ies ( /eam pipes1 ,,ee1 und]nea?1 to evaporate ! solv5t2 ?is cond5ses on ! upp] portion ( ! *amb]1 :i* is kept cool$1 & fl[s d[n ! sides into suitable receptacles4 ,aft] ?is ! pro($ clo? is vulcaniz$ by pass+ r\nd metal cyl9d]s heat$ to ! necess>y temp]ature1 or by pass+ ?r\gh a heat$ *amb]4 ,fig4 #g %[s ! spread+ ( rubb] betwe5 two fabrics4 ,! two clo?s are w\nd ev5ly on ! roll]s1 ,,bb2 f ?is !y are drawn conjo9tly ?r\gh ! roll]s1 ,d1 ! /ream ( pro(+ solution fl[+ d[n betwe5 ! roll]s1 :i* !n press ! two fabrics toge!r ) ! rubb] inside4 ,! l[] roll]s m>k$ ,,cc are heat$ to ! necess>y degree1 & cause ! rubb] & sulphur to comb9e 9 *emical union4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,s f> ! op]ation ( pro(+ has be5 describ$ z ?\gh pure rubb] only 0 us$2 9 practice ! rubb] =ms only a small p]c5tage ( ! pro(+ mat]ial1 its place be+ tak5 by *eap] bodies4 ,"o ( ! common +r$i5ts ( pro(+ mixtures is boil$ l9se$ oil1 toge!r ) a small quantity ( li?>ge2 ?is dries v quickly1 & =ms a glassy flexible film4 ,coal t>1 %ellac1 colophony1 etc41 are all us$1 toge!r ) ,india-rubb] v>ni%1 to make #gdf diff]5t wat]pro( compositions4 ,oil ( turp5t9e & b5zol =m good solv5ts = rubb]1 b x is absolutely ess5tial t bo? rubb] & solv5t be p]fectly anhydr\s be=e mix+4 ,oil ( turp5t9e1 alcohol1 etc41 c be be/ depriv$ ( wat] by mix+ ) ei!r sulphuric acid or dehydrat$ copp] sulphate1 & all[+ to /&4 ,! acid or ! copp] salt w absorb ! wat] & s9k to ! bottom1 leav+ a sup]natant lay] ( dehydrat$ turp5t9e or :atev] solv5t is us$4 ,all ! sulphur 9 a rubb]-pro($ clo? is n 9 comb9ation ) ! rubb]2 x is frequ5tly f\nd t1 aft] a lapse ( "t1 rubb]-pro($ mat]ial %[s an effloresc5ce ( sulphur on ! surface1 due to excess ( sulphur1 & occasionally ! fabric becomes /iff & ! pro(+ scales (f4 ,:5ev] a l>ge proportion ( sulphur is pres5t1 !re is always ! dang] ( ! rubb]s =m+ sl[ly into ! h>d vulcanite /ate1 z ! sub/ance commonly call$ vulcanite consi/s only ( ord9>y vulcaniz$ rubb] c>ri$ a /age fur!r by m sulphur be+ us$ & extra heat appli$4 ,if aft] vulcaniz+1 rubb] is treat$ ) cau/ic soda1 all ?is sup]flu\s sulphur c be extract$2 if x is !n well wa%$ ! rubb] w reta9 its ela/icity = a long p]iod4 ,) ! old me?ods ( pro(+1 a %eet ( vulcaniz$ rubb] 0 cem5t$ to a fabric ) rubb] v>ni%1 & frequ5tly ?is desulphuriz+ 0 p]=m$ be=e cem5t+ toge!r4 ,! result 0 a flexible & durable clo?1 b ( great weight & ?ickness1 & exp5sive to produce4 ,! *emi/ry ( rubb] is v little und]/ood2 z m5tion$ previ\sly1 rubb] is a highly complex body1 liable to g ?r\gh _m *anges4 ,^! *anges are likely to be great] 9 rubb] v>ni%1 consi/+ ( half a doz5 or m +r$i5ts1 ?an 9 ! case ( rubb] alone4 ,! action ( sunlight has a p[]ful effect on rubb]1 mu* to its detrim5t1 & appe>s to increase its t5d5cy to oxidize4 ,vulcaniz$ rubb] keeps its prop]ties bett] "u wat] ?an :5 expos$ to ! air1 & *anges m sl[ly if kept away f ! light4 ,x appe>s z ?\gh a slight decomposition always takes place ev5 ) pure rubb]2 b ! pres5ce ( s _m diff]5tly con/itut$ sub/ances z sometimes occur 9 rubb] solutions no d\bt makes ?+s worse4 ,:5ev] a numb] ( diff]5t bodies ) v>y+ prop]ties are consolidat$ toge!r by heat1 z 9 ! case ( rubb] compositions1 x is only reasonable to expect !re w be "s molecul> re>rangem5t go+ on 9 ! mass2 & ?is c be assign$ z ! reason :y "s pro(+s la/ z long aga9 z o!rs4 ,"s metallic salts h a v injuri\s action on rubb]1 "o ( ! wor/ be+ copp] sulphate4 ,dy]s are frequ5tly w>n$ t goods = rubb]-pro(+ mu/ be free f ?is metal1 z its action on rubb] is v p[]ful1 ?\gh b little und]/ood4 ,z is g5]ally kn[n1 grease 9 any =m is exce$+ly de/ructive to rubb]1 & x %\ld nev] be all[$ 9 contact 9 ! smalle/ proportion4 ,"s compositions are made up by dissolv+ rubb] 9 turp5t9e & coal t>2 b 9 ?is case "s ( ! rubb]'s mo/ valuable prop]ties are de/roy$1 & x is d\btful if x c be prop]ly vulcaniz$4 ,ow+ to rubb] be+ a bad conductor ( heat1 x requires consid]able c>e to vulcanize x 9 any ?ickness4 ,a high degree ( heat appli$ dur+ a %ort p]iod w\ld t5d to =m a lay] ( h>d vulcanite on ! surface1 :ile t imm$iately bel[ w\ld be s(t] & w\ld gradually m]ge into raw rubb] 9 ! c5t]4 ,! diff]5t br&s ( rubb] v>y s mu*1 especially ) reg>d to solubility1 t x is always advisable to treat ea* br& by itself1 & n to make a solution ( two or m k9ds4 ,oilsk9s & t>paul9s1 etc41 are mo/ly pro($ by boil$ l9se$ oil1 ) or )\t ?ick5+ bodies add$4 ,!y are n ( suffici5t int]e/ to enl>ge ^u 9 ?is article1 s ! second1 or 8wat]-repell5t10 class has n[ to be dealt )4 ,all ! %[]-pro( fabrics come "u ?is head+1 z well z e clo? :i* is p]vi\s to air & repulsive to wat]4 ,! mo/ "t-honor$ recipe = pro(+ wooll5 goods is a mixture ( sug> ( lead & alum1 & dates back hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,! sy/em ( us+ ?is is z foll[s3 ,! two +r$i5ts are dissolv$ sep>ately1 & ! solutions mix$ toge!r4 ,a mutual decomposition results1 ! base ( ! lead salt unit+ ) ! sulphuric acid out ( ! alum to =m lead sulphate1 :i* precipitates to ! bottom4 ,! cle> solution conta9s alum9a 9 ! =m ( acetate1 & ?is supplies ! pro(+ quality to ! fabric4 ,x is appli$ 9 a =m ( ma*9e %[n 9 ,fig4 #h1 :i* w be se5 to consi/ ( a tr\gh conta9+ ! pro(+ solution1 ,c1 ) a pair ( squeez+ roll]s1 ,a1 ov] ! top4 ,! fabric is drawn d[n ?r\gh ! solution & up ?r\gh ! squeez]s 9 ! direction ( ! arr[s4 ,at ! #gdg back ( ! ma*9e ! clo? automatically w9ds itself onto a roll1 ,b1 & !n only requires dry+ to develop ! wat]-resi/+ p[]4 ,d is a weight act+ on a lev] :i* presses ! two roll]s1 ,a1 toge!r4 ,! wat]-repell+ prop]ty is ga9$ z foll[s3 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,dry+ ! fabric1 :i* is impregnat$ ) acetate ( alum9a1 drives (f "s ( ! volatile acetic acid1 leav+ a film ( basic acetate ( alum9a on ea* wool fib]4 ,?is basic salt is v difficult to wet1 & has s little attraction = moi/ure t 9 a %[] ( ra9 ! drops rema9 9 a sph]oidal /ate1 & fall (f4 ,9 a /rong w9d1 or "u pressure1 wat] ev5tually p5etrates ?r\gh fabrics pro($ 9 ?is mann]2 b !y w effectually resi/ a %>p %[]4 ,un=tunately1 %[]-pro($ goods1 ) we>1 gradually lose ?is prop]ty ( repell+ wat]4 ,! equation repres5t+ ! *ange betwe5 alum & sug> ( lead is giv5 bel[4 ,9 ! case ( common alum !re w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be potassium acetate 9 solution besides ! alum9a4 ,alum4 ,sug> ( lead4 ,al#b,k#b7,s#d7d #d ,pb7,c#b;,h#c,o#b7b ,lead ,potassium ,alum9um sulphate4 acetate4 acetate4 #d ,pb,so#d #b ,,kc#b;,h#c,o#b ,al#b7;,c#b;,h#c,o#b7f ,n[ t sulphate ( alum9a is 9 common use1 alum ne$ n be us$1 z ! pota% 9 x s]ves no purpose 9 pro(+4 ,!re are _m compositions conf]r+ wat] resi/+ p[]s ^u textiles1 b un=tunately !y ei!r affect ! g5]al h&le ( ! mat]ial & make x /iff1 or !y /a9 & discolor x1 :i* is equally bad4 ,a l>ge range ( wat]pro( compositions c be got by us+ /e>ates ( ! metals2 ^!1 9 ne>ly e case1 are insoluble bodies1 & :5 deposit$ 9 ! int]ior ( a fabric =m a wat]-resi/+ 8fill+0 :i* is v effective4 ,z a rule ^! /e>ates are deposit$ on ! mat]ial by means ( d\ble ba?s2 = example1 by pass+ ! fabric ?r\gh 7say7 a ba? ( alum9um acetate1 & !n1 aft] squeez+ out ! excess ( liquid1 pass+ x ?r\gh a ba? ( soap4 ,! alum9um salt on ! fabric decomposes ! soap1 result+ 9 a deposit ( insoluble /e>ate ( alum9a4 ,?is sy/em ( pro(+ 9 two ba?s is clean] & m economical ?an add+ all ! +r$i5ts toge!r1 z ! /e>ate =m$ is j :]e x is requir$ 8on ! fib]s10 & n at ! bottom ( ! ba?4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important pat5ts n[ work$ = wat]pro(+ purposes is on ! l9es ( ! old alum9a process4 ,9 ?is case ! factor us$ is ros91 dissolv$ 9 a v l>ge bulk ( petroleum _s4 ,! fabrics to be pro($ 7usually dress mat]ials7 are pass$ ?r\gh a ba? ( ?is solution1 & c>efully dri$ to drive (f ! solv5t4 ,foll[+ ?is1 ! goods are treat$ by press+ ) hot poli%$ metal roll]s4 ,?is la/ process melts ! small quantity ( ros91 :i* is deposit$ on ! clo?1 & leaves ea* s+le fib] ) an exce$+ly ?9 film ( ros9 on x4 ,x w be und]/ood t only a v att5uat$ solution ( ros9 is p]missible1 s t ! fib]s ( ! ?reads & n ! ?reads !mselves are coat$ ) x4 ,if ! solution conta9s too mu* ros9 ! fabric is /iff5$1 & ! ?reads cem5t$ toge!r2 :]eas if us$ at ! correct /r5g? 7or1 r1 weakness7 nei!r fabric nor dye suff]s1 & !re is no evid5ce ( /ick9ess ( any description4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,fig4 #i %[s a ma*9e us$ = spread+ a coat ( ei!r pro(+ or any o!r fluid on "o side ( ! fabric4 #gdh ,?is is done by means ( a roll]1 ,a1 runn+ 9 ! pro(+ solution1 ! mat]ial to be coat$ travel+ sl[ly ov] ! top & j 9 contact ) ! roll]1 ,a1 :i* transf]s ! pro(+ to x4 ,%\ld ! solution us$ be ( a ?ick nature1 !n a smoo? metal roll] w transf] suffici5t to ! fabric4 ,if ! rev]se is ! case1 & ! liquid us$ is v ?91 !n ! roll] is cov]$ ) felt1 :i* v mat]ially adds to its c>ry+ p[]4 ,z %[n 9 ,fig4 #i1 aft] leav+ ! two squeez+ roll]s1 ,,bb1 ! fabric passes sl[ly r\nd a l>ge /eam-heat$ cyl9d]1 ,c1 ) ! coat$ side upp]mo/4 ,?is dries ! pro(+ & fa/5s x1 & ! clo? is tak5 (f at ,d4 ,besides /e>ates ( ! metals1 glues & gelat9s h be5 us$ = pro(+ purposes1 b ow+ to _! /iff5+ effect1 !y are only ( use 9 "s few isolat$ cases4 ,) glue & gelat9 ! fix+ ag5t is ei!r tannic acid or "s metallic salt4 ,tannic acid conv]ts gelat9 into an insoluble lea!r-l body2 ?is c be deposit$ 9 ! int]/ices ( ! fabric by pass+ ! latt] ?r\gh a gelat9 ba? fir/1 & !n squeez+ & pass+ ?r\gh ! tannic acid4 ,bi*romate ( pota% also possesses ! prop]ty ( fix+ ! proteid bodies & r5d]+ !m insoluble4 ,! foll[+ are special processes us$ to advantage 9 ! manufacture ( wat]pro( fabrics3 ,i4--,ord9>y ,fabrics1 ,dress+ ,app>el1 etc4--,imm]se 9 a vat ( acetate ( alum9a 7#e ,b47 = #ab h\rs1 lift1 dry1 & let evaporate at a temp]ature ( f #adj to #adi ,f4 ,,ii4--,sailclo?1 ,awn+s1 ,?ick ,blankets1 etc4--,soak 9 a #g p] c5t solution ( gelat9 at #ajd ,f41 dry1 pass ?r\gh a #d p] c5t solution ( alum1 dry aga91 r9se 9 wat]1 & dry4 ,,iii4--,fabrics ( ,cotton1 ,l951 ,jute1 & ,hemp4--,put into a ba? ( ammoniacal cupric sulphate ( #aj ,b4 at a temp]ature ( #hg ,f42 let /eep ?or\ghly1 !n put 9 a ba? ( cau/ic soda 7#bj ,b47 & dry4 ,to increase ! imp]meability1 a ba? ( sulphate ( alum9a may be sub/itut$ = ! cau/ic-soda ba?4 ,,iv4--,saturate ! fabrics ) ! foll[+ odorless comp\nd1 subject+ !m sev]al times to a bru%+ ma*9e hav+ sev]al roll]s1 :]e ! w>p ?reads w be well smoo!d1 & a wat]pro( product ( f9e %e5 & sc>cely fad+ w be ! result4 ,! comp\nd is made ) #cj p>ts1 by weight1 ( ,japan wax1 #bb #a_/b p>ts1 by weight1 ( p>aff9e1 #ab p>ts1 by weight1 ( ros9 soap1 #ce p>ts1 by weight1 ( />*1 & #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( a #e p] c5t solution ( alum4 ,fabrics ?us prep>$ are p>ticul>ly adapt$ to ! manufacture ( hav]sacks1 %oes1 etc4 ,v4--,:ite or ,light ,fabrics4--,pass fir/ ?r\gh a ba? ( acetate ( alum9a ( #d to #e ,b4 at a temp]ature ( #ajd ,f41 !n ?r\gh ! roll]s to rid ( all liquid2 put into a w>m solution ( soap 7#e p>ts1 by weight1 ( olive-oil soap to #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( fre% wat]7 & f9ally pass ?r\gh a #b p] c5t solution ( alum1 dry = #b or #c days on ! dropp+ horse1 & bru% (f all p>ticles ( soap4 ,,vi4--,dissolve #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight1 ( gelat9 9 #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( boil+ wat]1 add #a #a_/b p>ts1 by weight1 ( scrap$ tall[ soap & #b #a_/b p>ts1 by weight1 ( alum1 ! latt] be+ put 9 gradually2 l[] ! temp]ature ( ! ba? to #abb ,f41 lift out ! fabric1 dry1 & cal5d]4 ,,vii4--,t5t ,clo?4--,soak 9 a w>m solution ( #a "p1 by weight1 ( gelat91 #a "p1 by weight1 ( glyc]9e1 & #a "p1 by weight1 ( tann9 9 #ab p>ts1 by weight1 ( wood v9eg> 7pyroligne\s acid7 ( #ab ,b4 ,! :ole is melt$ 9 a kettle & c>efully mix$4 ,! mass is p\r$ into ! receiv] ( ! bru%+ ma*9e1 c>e be+ tak5 to keep x liquid4 ,= a piece ( #ejj feet 9 l5g? & #bj in*es 9 wid?1 #ej to #hj p>ts1 by weight1 ( ?is comp\nd are ne$$4 ,,viii4--,to fre%5 worn wat]pro( mat]ial1 cov] ) ! foll[+3 ,fifty-five ?\s& p>ts1 by weight1 ( gelat92 #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( bi*romate ( pota%2 #ajj p>ts1 by weight1 ( acetic acid 7to keep glue f congeal+71 & f #c1jjj to #e1jjj p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]2 to ?is add #ejj p>ts1 by weight1 ( p]oxide ( ammoniacal copp]1 #ajj ,b4 ,?is comp\nd is put on ! fabric ) a bru% & !n expos$ to air & light4 ,,ix4--,s(t ,hats4--,! hats are /iff5$ z usual1 !n put ?r\gh ! foll[+ ?ree ba?s3 ,dissolve #a_/b "p1 by weight1 ( tall[ soap 9 f #dj to #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( w>m wat] 7#adj ,f474 ,put #c to #d doz5 hats into ?is solution1 leave !m 9 x = half an h\r1 !n take out & put !m z !y are into ano!r ba? prep>$ ) #dj to #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat] & #a_/b "p1 by weight1 ( alum & heat$ to #hf to #ajd ,f4 ,aft] #gdi hav+ be5 left 9 ! second ba? = #a_/d or #a_/b h\r1 take out z be=e1 put into ! ?ird ba? ( #dj to #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat]1 #a_/b "p1 by weight1 ( alum1 & ab\t #ac p>ts1 by weight1 ( fi% glue4 ,9 ?is cold ba? ! hats are left = ano!r #a_/b h\r or m until !y are completely saturat$ ) ! liquid1 !n dri$ & ! o!r op]ations cont9u$4 ,x4--,wool5 clo? may be soak$ 9 a vat fill$ ) alum9um acetate1 ( #e ,b41 = #ab h\rs1 !n remov$1 dri$1 & dri$ aga9 at a temp]ature ( #adj ,f4 ,,xi4--,wagon cov]s1 awn+s1 & sails are saturat$ ) a #g p] c5t gelat9 solution1 at a temp]ature ( #ajd ,f41 dri$ 9 ! air1 put ?r\gh a #d p] c5t solution ( alum1 dri$ aga9 9 ! air1 c>ri$ ?r\gh wat]1 & dri$ a ?ird "t4 ,,xii4--,cotton1 l951 jute1 & hemp fabrics are fir/ ?or\ghly saturat$ 9 a ba? ( ammonio-cupric sulphate1 ( #aj ,b41 at a temp]ature ( #gg ,f41 !n put into a solution ( cau/ic soda1 #b ,b41 & dri$4 ,!y may be made /ill m imp]vi\s to wat] by sub/itut+ a solution ( alum9um sulphate = ! cau/ic soda4 ,,xiii4--,:ite & light-color$ fabrics are fir/ put into a ba? ( alum9um acetate1 #d to #e ,b41 at a temp]ature ( #ajb ,f41 ! sup]flu\s liquid be+ remov$ f ! fabric by press roll]s4 ,! fabric is put into a soap solution 7#e p>ts ( good ,m>seilles soap 9 #ajj p>ts ( s(t wat]74 ,f9ally x is put ?r\gh a #b p] c5t alum solution1 & left to dry = #b or #c days on racks4 ,! adh]+ p>ticles ( soap are remov$ by bru%+ ) ma*9]y4 ,,xiv4--,dissolve #a4e p>ts ( gelat9 9 #ej p>ts ( boil+ wat]1 add #a4e p>ts ( %av+s ( tall[ gra9 soap1 & gradually1 #b4e p>ts ( alum4 ,let ?is cool to #abb ,f41 draw ! fabric ?r\gh x1 dry & cal5d]4 ,,xv4--,cellul> tissues are made wat]pro( by impregnat+ !m ) a w>m solution ( #a "p1 by weight1 ( gelat91 #a "p1 by weight1 ( glyc]9e1 & #a "p1 by weight1 ( tann91 9 #ab p>ts1 by weight1 ( wood v9eg>1 #ab ,b4 ,,xvi4--,l951 hemp1 jute1 cotton1 & o!r fabrics c be giv5 a good odorless wat]pro( f9i% by impregnat+ !m1 & aft]w>ds subject+ !m to ! action ( sev]al me*anical bru% roll]s4 ,by ?is process ! fabric is bru%$ dry1 ! fib]s are laid smoo?1 ! ?reads ( ! w>p br\ght out1 & a glossy1 odorless1 unfad+ wat]pro( /uff results4 ,fabrics manufactur$ 9 ! usual way f r\gh & color$ y>ns are put ?r\gh a ba? ( ?is wat]pro( f9i%1 ^: composition is z foll[s3 ,?irty p>ts1 by weight1 ( ,japanese wax2 #bb4e p>ts1 by weight1 ( p>aff9e2 #ae p>ts1 by weight1 ( ros9 soap2 #ce p>ts1 by weight1 ( />*1 & #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( a #e p] c5t alum solution4 ,! fir/ ?ree compon5ts are melt$ 9 a kettle1 ! />* &1 la/ly1 ! alum add$1 & ! :ole /irr$ vigor\sly4 ,,xvii4--,"o hundr$ p>ts1 by weight1 ( ca/or oil are heat$ to ne>ly #bjd ,f41 ) #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( cau/ic pota%1 ( #ej ,b41 to :i* #ej p>ts1 by weight1 ( wat] h previ\sly be5 add$4 ,=ty p>ts1 by weight1 ( cool] wat] are !n add$ sl[ly1 c>e be+ tak5 to keep ! temp]ature ( ! mixture con/ant4 ,z soon z ! liquor beg9s to rise1 #dj p>ts1 by weight1 ( cool] wat] are aga9 add$1 ) ! same precaution to keep ! temp]ature f fall+ bel[ #bjd ,f4 ,at ! same "t c>e mu/ be tak5 to prev5t ! liquor boil+1 z ?is w\ld produce too great saponification4 ,by ! prolong$ action ( heat bel[ ! boil+ po9t1 ! oil absorbs wat] & cau/ic pota% )\t be+ *ang$1 & ! :ole f9ally =ms a p]fectly limpid1 ne>ly black liquid4 ,?is is dilut$ ) #e times its weight ( hot or cold wat]1 & is !n ready = use )\t any fur!r prep>ation4 ,o!r vegetable oils may be employ$ besides ca/or oil1 & ! quantity ( unsaponifi$ oil pres5t may be increas$ by /irr+ ! prep>$ liquid ) a fre% quantity ( ca/or or o!r vegetable oil4 ,! product is slightly alkal9e1 b wool fib] is n injur$1 z ! oil+ may be done 9 ! cold4 ,! solution is cle> & limpid1 & w n sep>ate out on /&+ l an emulsion4 ,?is product 9 sp9n+ gives a #aj p] c5t bett] utilization ( ! raw mat]ial ow+ to ! great] ev5ness & regul>ity ) :i* ! fib]s are oil$2 9 weav+ less oil+ is requir$4 ,! product c be completely remov$ by wat]1 pref]ably by cold wat]1 & sc\r+ ( ! goods subsequ5tly ) soap1 soda1 or full]'s e>? c ?us be disp5s$ )4 ,,xviii4--,clo? may be r5d]$ wat]pro( by rubb+ ! "u side ) a lump ( beeswax until ! surface pres5ts a uni=m :ite or grayi% appe>ance4 ,?is me?od x is said r5d]s ! clo? #gej practically wat]pro(1 al?\gh /ill leav+ x por\s to air4 ,,xix4--,coat+ ! "u side ( ! clo? ) a solution ( is+lass & !n apply+ an infusion ( galls is ano!r me?od1 a comp\nd be+ ?us =m$ :i* is a v>iety ( lea!r4 ,,xx4--,an easy me?od is ! =mation ( alum9um /e>ate 9 ! fib] ( ! clo?1 :i* may readily be done by imm]s+ x 9 a solution ( alum9um sulphate 9 wat] 7#a 9 #aj7 & )\t all[+ x to dry pass+ ?r\gh a solution ( soap made f soda & tall[ or simil> fat1 9 hot wat]4 ,reaction betwe5 ! alum9um sulphate & ! soap produces alum9um /e>ate & sodium sulphate4 ,! =m] is insoluble & rema9s 9 ! fib]2 ! latt] is remov$ by subsequ5tly r9s+ ! fabric 9 wat]4 ,,xxi4--,a favorite me?od = clo? is z foll[s3 ,dissolve 9 a receptacle1 pref]ably ( copp]1 ov] a bright coal fire1 #a lit] 7#a4gf p9ts7 ( pure l9se$ oil1 #a lit] 7#a4gf p9ts7 ( petroleum1 #a_/b lit] 7#j4hh p9ts7 ( oil turp5t9e1 & #abe grams 7#d4cg ounces7 ( yell[ wax1 ! la/ nam$ 9 small bits4 ,z !re is dang] ( fire1 boil+ ( ?is mass %\ld be avoid$4 ,) ?is hot solution remov$ f ! fire1 ( c\rse ! felt mat]ial is impregnat$2 next x is hung up 9 a w>m1 dry room or spread out1 b 9 su* a mann] t ! uni=m temp]ature c act ^u all p>ts4 ,wat]pro(+ ,lea!r4--,i4--,t5n+'s process is z foll[s3 ,melt toge!r equal p>ts ( z9c & l9se$ oil1 at a temp]ature n above #bbe ,f4 ,put ! lea!r 9 ! molt5 mixture & let x rema9 until saturat$4 ,! 8z9c soap0 is made by dissolv+ #f p>ts ( :ite soap 9 #af p>ts ( wat]1 & /irr+ into ! solution #f p>ts ( z9c sulphate4 ,to make sure ( a homog5e\s mixture remelt ! :ole & /ir until x beg9s to cool4 ,! process1 includ+ ! saturation ( ! lea!r1 requires ab\t #dh h\rs4 ,in/ead ( z9c sulphate1 copp] or iron sulphate may be us$4 ,! philosophy ( ! process is t ! moi/ure & air conta9$ 9 ! pores ( ! lea!r are driv5 out by ! heat ( ! soap mixture1 & _! place is tak51 on cool+1 by ! mixture4 ,! surface ( ! lea!r is scrap$ aft] cool+1 & ! article is dri$1 ei!r by heat+ ov] an op5 fire or by hang+ 9 a dry+ room1 /rongly heat$4 ,,ii4--,prideaux' process consi/s 9 submitt+ ! lea!r to treatm5t ) a solution ( ca\t*\c until x is ?or\ghly saturat$ ) ! liquid4 ,! latt] consi/s ( #cj p>ts ( ca\t*\c 9 #ejj p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,complete impregnation ( ! lea!r requires sev]al days1 dur+ :i* ! solution mu/ be frequ5tly appli$ to ! surface ( ! lea!r & rubb$ 94 ,,iii4--,villon's process consi/s 9 apply+ a soap solution to ! lea!r1 ab\t z foll[s3 ,! lea!r is fir/ treat$ to a solution ( #fb p>ts ( soap1 #abd p>ts ( glue1 & #b1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,:5 x has become saturat$ ) ! solution1 x is treat$ to rubb+ ) a mixture ( #dfj p>ts ( common salt & #djj p>ts ( alum1 9 suffici5t wat] to dissolve ! same4 ,aft] ?is x is wa%$ ) tepid wat] & dri$4 ,?is process is mu* ! quicke/4 ,! application ( ! soap requires ab\t #b h\rs1 & ! subsequ5t treatm5t ab\t z mu* m1 or #d or #e h\rs 9 all4 ,oilsk9s4--,! art ( pa9t+ ov] textile fabrics ) oily prep>ations to make !m wat]pro( is probably ne>ly z old z textile manufacture itself1 an indu/ry ( prehi/oric1 nay1 geologic1 orig94 ,x is c]ta9ly m anci5t ?an ! craft ( ! arti/ic pa9t] 9 oils1 ^: canvases are no?+ m nor less ?an art oilsk9s1 & :5 out ( _! frames1 h s]v$ ! usual purpose ( ^? ?+s 9 protect+ goods or ! human body be=e n[4 ,! art ( wat]pro(+ has be5 ext5d$ beyond ! doma9 ( ! oilsk9 by *emical processes1 especially ^? 9 :i* alum or lead salts1 or tann91 are us$1 z well z by ! discov]y ( ,india rubb] & gutta p]*a4 ,^! two h revolutioniz$ ! wat]pro(+ indu/ry 9 q a special mann]1 & ! oilsk9 manufacture1 al?\gh x /ill exi/s & is 9 a fairly fl\ri%+ condition1 has f\nd its products to a v l>ge ext5t replac$ by rubb] goods4 ,! natural result has be5 t ! processes us$ 9 ! =m] indu/ry h rema9$ n[ un*ang$ = a good _m ye>s4 ,!y _h already be5 br\ght to a v p]fect /ate :5 ! rubb]-wat]pro(+ bus9ess sprang up1 s t improvem5ts 7 ev5 !n difficult to hit ^u 9 oilsk9 mak+1 & ! *eck put ^u ! trade by ,india rubb] made p less will+ to sp5d "t & money 9 exp]im5t+ ) a view to improv+ :at _m ye>s _h already made x difficult to bett]4 ,h5ce ! ?ree c>d9al defects ( ! oilsk93 its weight1 its /iffness1 & ! liability ( #gea its folds to /ick toge!r :5 x is wrapp$ up1 or 9 ! o!r extreme to crack1 /ill rema9s4 ,! weight1 ( c\rse1 is inevitable4 ,an oilsk9 mu/ be heavy1 comp>atively1 f ! v ess5ce ( ! process by :i* x is made1 b !re seems no reason :y x %\ld n 9 "t be made mu* m pliable 7an old-"t oilsk9 coat c\ld (t5 /& up on end :5 empty7 & free f ! dang] ( crack+ or be+ compact$ into a solid block :5 x has be5 /or$ fold$ on a %elf4 ,probably ! be/ oilsk9s ev] made are ^? prep>$ by comb9+ ,dr4 ,/5h\se's process 7pat5t$ 9 #ahfd7 ) ! ord9>y me?od1 :i* consi/s 9 ! ma9 ( pa9t+ ov] ! fabric ) two or m coats ( boil$ l9se$ oil1 all[+ ea* coat to dry be=e ! next is appli$4 ,?is1 ) a few v>iations 9 detail1 is ! :ole me?od ( mak+ oilsk9s4 ,dr4 ,/5h\se's wat]pro(+ me?od is to impregnate ! fabric ) a mixture ( h>d p>aff9e & boil$ oil 9 proportions v>y+ accord+ to circum/ances f #ie p] c5t ( p>aff9e & #e ( oil to #gj p] c5t ( ! =m] & #cj ( ! latt]4 ,! mo/ usual p]c5tages are #hj & #bj4 ,! mixture is made ) ! aid ( heat1 & is !n ca/ into blocks = /orage4 ,x is appli$ to ! clo? /ret*$ on a hot plate by rubb+ ! fabric ?or\ghly all ov] ) a block ( ! composition1 :i* may be appli$ on "o or bo? sides z may be wi%$4 ,! saturation is !n made complete1 & excess ( composition is remov$ by pass+ ! clo? betwe5 hot roll]s4 ,:5 ! clo? is q cold ! process is complete4 ,! p>aff9e & ! dry+ oil comb9e _! wat]pro(+ p[]s1 & ! p>aff9e prev5ts ! oil f ex]t+ any injuri\s action ^u ! mat]ial4 ,dry+ oil1 p>tly on acc\nt ( ! metallic comp\nds 9 x1 & p>tly on acc\nt ( its absorb+ oxyg5 f ! atmosph]e1 has a decid$ sl[ weak5+ effect ^u textile fib]s4 ,dr4 ,/5h\se po9ts out t ! inflammability ( oilsk9s may be mu* less5$ by ! use ( ! ord9>y firepro(+ salts1 su* z tung/ate ( soda1 or alum1 ei!r be=e or aft] ! wat]pro(+ process is c>ri$ out4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! be/ recomm5d$ recipes = mak+ oilsk9s3 ,i4--,dissolve #a ounce ( yell[ soap 9 #a #a_/b p9ts ( boil+ wat]4 ,!n /ir 9 #a qu>t ( boil$ oil4 ,:5 cold1 add #a_/d p9t ( gold size4 ,,ii4--,take f9e twill$ calico4 ,soak x 9 bullock's blood & dry x4 ,!n give x #b or #c coats ( boil$ oil1 mix$ ) a little li?>ge1 or ) an ounce ( gold size to e p9t ( ! oil4 ,,iii4--,make ord9>y pa9t ready to be appli$ ?9 ) a /rong solution ( soap4 ,,iv4--,make #if p\nds ( o*] to a ?9 pa/e ) boil$ oil1 & !n add #af p\nds ( ord9>y black pa9t mix$ ready = use4 ,apply ! fir/ coat ( ?is ) soap1 ! subsequ5t coats )\t soap4 ,v4--,dissolve ros9 9 hot boil$ oil till x beg9s to ?ick54 ,,vi4--,mix *alk or pipe clay 9 ! f9e/ p[d]1 & 9 ! pure/ /ate obta9able to a ?9 pa/e ) boil$ oil4 ,,vii4--,melt toge!r boil$ oil1 #a p9t2 beeswax & ros91 ea*1 #b ounces4 ,,viii4--,dissolve s(t soap 9 hot wat] & add solution ( protosulphate ( iron till no fur!r precipitate is produc$4 ,filt] (f1 wa%1 & dry1 & =m ! mass into a ?9 pa/e ) boil$ oil4 ,all ^! compositions are pa9t$ on ) an ord9>y pa9t]'s bru%4 ,! fabric %\ld be slightly /ret*$1 bo? to avoid folds & to facilitate ! p5etration ( ! wat]pro(+ mixture4 ,to aid ! p5etration /ill fur!r1 ! mixture %\ld be appli$ hot4 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance t ! fabric %\ld n be damp :5 ! composition is appli$ to x4 ,x is be/ to h x w>m z well z ! composition4 ,if m ?an "o coat is appli$1 :i* is practically always ! case1 ?ree be+ ! usual numb]1 x is ess5tial t ! la/ coat %\ld be p]fectly dry be=e ! next is appli$4 ,neglect ( ?is precaution is ! *ief cause ( /ick9ess1 :i* frequ5tly results 9 s]i\s damage to ! oilsk9s :5 !y h to be unfold$4 ,9 fact1 x is advisable to avoid fold+ an oilsk9 :5 x c be avoid$4 ,!y %\ld be hung up :5 n 9 use1 :5ev] practicable1 & be all[$ pl5ty ( room4 ,x goes )\t say+ t no attempt %\ld be made to sell or use ! oilsk91 :e!r g>m5t or t>paul91 until ! f9al coat ( composition is p]fectly dry & set4 ,x is unadvisable to use artificial heat 9 ! dry+ at any /age 9 ! manufacture4 ,wat]pro(+ ,pap]4--,any conv5i5t & appropriate ma*9]y or app>atus may be employ$2 b ! be/ me?od = wat]pro(+ pap] is z foll[s3 ,! treatm5t may be appli$ #geb :ile ! pulp is be+ =m$ into pap]1 or ! f9i%$ pap] may be treat$4 ,if ! mat]ial is to be treat$ :ile be+ =m$ into pap]1 !n ! bett] me?od is to beg9 ! treatm5t :5 ! web ( pulpy mat]ial leaves ! ,f\dr9i] wire or ! cyl9d]s1 x !n be+ 9 a damp condition1 b ) ! l>g] p]c5tage ( moi/ure remov$4 ,f ?is po9t ! treatm5t ( ! pap] is ! same :e!r x be pulp 9 a %eet1 z above /at$1 or f9i%$ pap]4 ,! treatm5t consi/s1 fir/1 9 saturat+ ! pap] ) glut9\s mat]ial1 pref]ably animal glue1 & by pref]5ce ! ba? ( glut9\s mat]ial %\ld be hot1 to effect ! m rapid absorption & m p]fect p]meation1 impregnation1 & deposit ( ! glut9\s mat]ial )9 all ! microscopic int]/ices ?r\gh\t ! body ( ! pap] be+ treat$4 ,by pref]5ce a suitable tank is provid$ 9 :i* ! glut9\s mat]ial is deposit$1 & 9 :i* x may be kept heat$ to a con/ant temp]ature1 ! pap] be+ pass$ ?r\gh ! tank & saturat$ dur+ its passage4 ,! mat]ial be+ treat$ %\ld pass 9 a cont9u\s %eet--t is1 be f$ f a roll & ! f9i%$ product be w\nd 9 a roll aft] f9al treatm5t4 ,?is saves "t & ! pat5tee f9ds t ! requisite p]meation or incorporation ( glut9\s matt] 9 ! fib] w ) "s pap]s--= in/ance1 lightly siz$ manila hemp--require b a few seconds4 ,z ! pap] passes f ! glut9 tank ! surplus ( ! glut9\s matt] is remov$ f ! surface by me*anical means1 z contradi/+ui%$ f simply all[+ x to pass (f by gravity1 & 9 mo/ in/ances x is pref]r$ to pass ! pap] betwe5 suitable pressure rolls to remove su* surplus4 ,! /r5g? & consi/5cy ( ! glut9\s ba? may be v>i$1 dep5d+ ^u ! mat]ial be+ treat$ & ! uses = :i* su* mat]ial is design$4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be /at$ t1 9 a majority ( cases1 a hot solution ( ab\t #a "p ( animal glue to ab\t #aj p>ts ( wat]1 by weight1 gives ! be/ results4 ,aft] leav+ ! ba? ( glut9\s mat]ial & hav+ ! surplus adh]+ to ! surfaces remov$1 ! pap] be=e dry+ is pass$ into or ?r\gh a solution ( =maldehyde & wat] to 8set0 ! glut9\s mat]ial4 ,! /r5g? ( ?is solution may also be v>iable1 dep5d+1 z h]et(ore /at$1 ^u ! pap] & uses = :i* x is design$4 ,9 ! majority ( cases1 h[ev]1 a solution ( #a "p ( =maldehyde 7#ce p] c5t solution7 to #e p>ts ( wat]1 by weight1 gives good results1 & ! be/ result is atta9$ if ?is ba? is cold in/ead ( hot1 ?\gh any p>ticul> temp]ature is n ess5tially necess>y4 ,! effect ( ! =maldehyde solution ^u ! glut9-saturat$ pap] is to precipitate ! glut9\s matt] & r5d] x insoluble4 ,z ! mat]ial comes f ! =maldehyde ba?1 ! surplus adh]+ to ! surfaces is remov$ by me*anical means1 pressure rolls be+ probably mo/ conv5i5t4 ,! pap] is !n dri$ 9 any conv5i5t mann]4 ,! be/ result 9 dry+ is atta9$ by ! air-bla/1 i4 e41 project+ bla/s ( air aga9/ bo? surfaces ( ! pap]4 ,?is dry+ removes all ! wat]y con/itu5ts & leaves ! pap] 9 a t\gh5$ or greatly /r5g!n$ condition1 b n 9 practical condition = comm]cial uses1 z x is brittle1 horny1 & /iff1 & has an objectionable odor & ta/e on acc\nt ( ! pres5ce ( ! aldehydes1 p>aldehydes1 =mic acid1 & o!r products1 ! result ( oxidation4 ,h5ce x ne$s to be 8temp]$40 ,n[ :ile ! glut9\s mat]ial is r5d]$ insoluble--t is1 x is s act$ ^u by =maldehyde & ! *emical action :i* takes place :ile ! unit$ solutions are giv+ (f _! wat]y con/itu5ts t x w n fully dissolve--x is1 h[ev]1 9 a condition to be act$ on by moi/ure1 z x w swell & absorb1 or take up p]man5tly by ei!r *emical or me*anical action a p]c5tage ( wat]1 & w also become improv$ 9 _m respects1 s t to temp] & r5d] ! pap] s(t & pliable & adapt x = mo/ comm]cial uses x is subject$ to moi/ure1 :i* p5etrates ! pap]1 caus+ a well+ 9 all directions1 fill+ ! int]/ices p]fectly & result+ 9 8hydration0 ?r\gh\t ! entire cellul> /ructure4 ,two actions1 me*anical & *emical1 appe> to take place1 ! me*anical action be+ ! tempor>y absorption ( wat] analog\s to ! absorption ( wat] by a dry sponge1 ! *emical action be+ ! p]man5t union ( wat] ) ! treat$ pap]1 analog\s to ! union ( wat] & tapioca1 caus+ swell+1 or l ! *emical comb9ation ( wat] ) lime or cem5t4 ,= ?is purpose x is pref]r$ to pass ! pap] into a ba? ( hot wat]1 saturat$ /eam or equival5t heat-&-moi/ure m$ium1 ?us caus+ ! fib]s & ! non-soluble glut9\s mat]ial fill+ ! int]/ices to exp& 9 all directions & =c+ #gec ! glut9\s mat]ial into all ! microscopic pores or op5+s & into ! masses ( fib]1 caus+ a comm+l+ or ?or\gh incorporation ( ! fib]s & ! glut9\s comp\nd4 ,at ! same "t1 z h]et(ore indicat$1 a *ange 7hydration7 takes place1 :]eby ! h>d5$ mass ( fib]1 glut9\s mat]ial1 & =maldehyde become temp]$ & s(t5$ & ! /r5g? imp>t$ by ! previ\s treatm5t increas$4 ,to height5 ! temp]+ & s(t5+ effect1 glyc]9e may1 9 "s in/ances1 be introduc$ 9 ! temp]+ ba?1 & 9 mo/ cases "o two-hundr$?s 9 volume ( glyc]9e gives ! be/ results4 ,! pap] may be dri$ 9 any conv5i5t mann] & is 9 condition = mo/ comm]cial uses1 x be+ greatly /r5g!n$1 m flexible1 m imp]vi\s to moi/ure1 acids1 grease1 or alkalies1 & is suitable = ! manufacture ( b9d+-tw9e1 c>pets1 & _m novelties1 = dry wrapp+s & l9+ pack+ cases1 etc41 b is liable to h a disagreeable ta/e & may c>ry traces ( acids1 r5d]+ x impracticable = "s uses--= in/ance1 wrapp+ butt]1 meats1 *eese1 etc41 aft] receiv+ ! alkali treatm5t4 ,! pap] is also valuable z a pack+ = jo9ts 9 /eam1 wat]1 & o!r pipes or connections4 ,= ! purpose1 !re=e1 ( r5d]+ ! mat]ial absolutely free f all traces ( acidity & all ta/e & odors &1 9 fact1 to r5d] x absolutely hygi5ic1 x is pass$ ?r\gh a ba? ( wat] & a volatile alkali 7ammonium hydrate71 ! proportion by pref]5ce 9 a majority ( cases be+ "o-hundr$? ( ammonium hydrate to n9ety-n9e "o-hundr$?s ( wat] by volume4 ,a small p]c5tage ( wood alcohol may be add$4 ,?is ba? is pref]ably cool1 b a v>iation 9 its temp]ature w n int]f]e to a s]i\s ext5t ) ! results4 ,! effect ( ?is ba? foll[$ by dry+ is to complete ! *emical reaction & de/roy all ta/e or odor1 remov+ all traces ( acids & r5d]+ ! pap] hygi5ic 9 all respects4 ,! mat]ial may be cal5d]$ or cut & us$ = any ( ! purposes desir$4 ,if ! mat]ial is to be subject$ to ! volatile alkali ba?1 x is n necess>y to dry x betwe5 ! temp]+ & volatile alkali ba?s4 ,! pap] made 9 accordance ) ! =ego+ w1 x is claim$1 be f\nd to be greatly /r5g!n$1 "s mat]ials be+ increas$ 9 /r5g? f #ajj to #gjj p] c5t4 ,x w be nonabsorb5t to acids1 greases1 & alkalies1 & sub/antially wat]pro(1 & ow+ to its compon5t integrate /ructure w be practically non-conductive to electricity1 adapt+ x z a sup]ior insulat+ mat]ial4 ,x may ) p]fect safety be employ$ = wrapp+ butt]1 meats1 spices1 groc]ies1 & all mat]ials1 :e!r unctu\s or o!rwise4 ,! t]m 8hydration0 means ! subject+ ( ! mat]ial 7aft] treatm5t ) glut9\s mat]ial & =maldehyde & dry+7 to moi/ure1 :]eby ! action describ$ takes place4 ,a %eet or web ( pap] c be treat$ by ! process z rapidly z x is manufactur$1 z ! "t = exposure to ! action ( ! glut9\s mat]ial ne$ n be long] ?an ! "t requir$ = x to become saturat$1 ?is1 ( c\rse1 v>y+ ) diff]5t ?icknesses & d5sities1 & ! l5g? ( "t ( exposure may be fix$ )\t *eck+ ! spe$ by mak+ ! tank ( su* l5g? t ! requisite "t w elapse :ile ! %eet is pass+ ?r\gh x & ! guides s arrang$ z to ma9ta9 ! %eet 9 position to be act$ on by su* solution ! requisite l5g? ( "t4 ,f\r seconds' exposure to ! action ( =maldehyde is f\nd suffici5t 9 mo/ cases4 ,wat]pro( ,ropes4--,= mak+ ropes & l9es imp]vi\s to wea!r1 ! process ( t>r+ is recomm5d$1 :i* c be done ei!r 9 ! sep>ate /r&s or aft] ! rope is twi/$4 ,an addition ( tall[ gives great] pliability4 ,wat]pro( ,wood4--,i4--,soak 9 a mixture ( boracic acid1 #f p>ts2 ammonium *loride1 #e p>ts2 sodium borate1 #c p>ts1 & wat]1 #ajj p>ts4 ,,ii4--,saturate 9 a solution ( z9c *loride4 ,wax ,adult]ation ( ,wax4--,wax is adult]at$ ) ! foll[+ among o!r sub/ances3 ,ros9s1 pit*1 fl[]s ( sulphur1 />*1 fecula1 /e>9e1 p>aff9e1 tall[1 palm oil1 calc9$ bones1 yell[ o*]1 wat]1 & wood sawdu/4 ,ros9s are detect$ by cold alcohol1 :i* dissolves all ros9\s sub/ances & ex]cises no action on ! wax4 ,! ros9s hav+ be5 extract$ f ! alcoholic solution by ! evaporation ( ! alcohol1 ! v>i\s k9ds may be di/+ui%$ by ! odors dis5gag$ by burn+ ! mass sev]al times on a plate ( heat$ iron4 ,all e>?y sub/ances may be readily #ged sep>at$ f wax by means ( oil ( turp5t9e1 :i* dissolves ! wax1 :ile ! e>?y matt]s =m a residue4 ,oil ( turp5t9e also completely sep>ates wax f />*y sub/ances1 :i*1 l e>?y matt]s1 d n dissolve1 b =m a residue4 ,a simpl] me?od consi/s 9 heat+ ! wax ) boil+ wat]2 ! gelat9\s consi/5cy assum$ by ! wat]1 & ! blue coloration 9 pres5ce ( iod9e1 indicate t ! wax conta9s />*y sub/ances4 ,adult]ation by means ( />* & fecula is q frequ5t4 ,^! sub/ances are sometimes add$ to ! wax 9 a proportion ( ne>ly #fj p] c5t4 ,to sep>ate ei!r1 ! suspect$ product is treat$ hot ) v dilute sulphuric acid 7#b p>ts ( acid p] #ajj p>ts ( wat]74 ,all amylace\s sub/ances1 conv]t$ into dextr91 rema9 dissolv$ 9 ! liquid1 :ile ! wax1 9 cool+1 =ms a cru/ on ! surface4 ,x is tak5 (f & weigh$2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 its weight & t ( ! product analyz$ w give ! quantity ( ! amylace\s sub/ances4 ,fl[]s ( sulphur are recogniz$ readily f ! odor ( sulphur\s acid dur+ combu/ion on r$-hot iron4 ,tall[ may be detect$ by ! ta/e & odor4 ,pure wax has an aromatic1 agreeable ta/e1 :ile t mix$ ) tall[ is repulsive bo? 9 ta/e & smell4 ,pure wax1 work$ betwe5 ! f+]s1 gr[s s(t1 pres]v+ a c]ta9 cohesion 9 all p>ts4 ,x divides into lumps1 :i* adh]e to ! f+]s1 if x is mix$ ) tall[4 ,! adult]ation may also be detect$ by ! ?ick & nauseat+ fumes produc$ :5 x is burn$ on heat$ iron4 ,/e>ic acid may be recogniz$ by means ( boil+ alcohol1 :i* dissolves x 9 ne>ly all proportions & causes x to deposit cry/als on cool+1 :ile x is )\t action on ! wax4 ,blue litmus pap]1 imm]s$ 9 alcohol solution1 r$d5s on dry+ 9 air1 & ?us s]ves = detect+ ! pres5ce ( /e>ic acid4 ,o*] is f\nd by treat+ ! wax ) boil+ wat]4 ,a lemon-yell[ deposit results1 :i*1 tak5 up ) *lorhydric acid1 yields ) ammonia a lemon-yell[ precipitate ( f]ric oxide4 ,! p[d] ( burnt bones sep>ates & =ms a residue1 :5 ! wax is heat$ ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,artificial ,beeswax4--,?is is obta9$ by mix+ ! foll[+ sub/ances1 9 approximately ! proportions /at$3 ,p>aff9e1 #de p>ts1 by weight2 :ite ,japan vegetable wax1 #cj p>ts1 by weight2 ros9s1 or colophonies1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 :ite pit*1 #aj p>ts1 by weight2 tall[1 #e p>ts1 by weight2 c]es9e1 colorant1 #j4jcj p>ts1 by weight2 wax p]fume1 #j4ajj p>ts1 by weight4 ,if desir$1 ! p>aff9e may be replac$ ) ozok]ite1 or by a mixture ( vasel9e & ozok]ite1 = ! purpose ( v>y+ ! fus+ temp]ature1 or r5d]+ x m advantage\s = ! v>i\s applications design$4 ,! foll[+ is ! me?od ( prep>ation3 ,melt on ! boil+ wat] ba?1 %ak+ con/antly1 ! p>aff9e1 ! ,japan wax1 ! ros9s1 ! pit*1 & ! tall[4 ,:5 ! fusion is complete1 add ! colorant & ! p]fume4 ,:5 ^! products are p]fectly m+l$1 remove f ! fire1 all[ ! mixture to cool1 & run x into suitable molds4 ,! wax ?us obta9$ may be employ$ specially = encau/ics = furniture & floors1 or = purposes :]e v>ni% is employ$4 ,waxes = ,floors1 ,furniture1 etc4-- ,i4--,:ite beeswax #af p>ts ,colophony #d p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #a "p ,melt ! articles toge!r ov] a g5tle fire1 & :5 completely melt$ & homog5e\s1 p\r into a sizable e>!nw>e vessel1 & /ir 91 :ile /ill w>m1 #f p>ts ( ! be/ ,fr5* turp5t9e4 ,cool = #bd h\rs1 by :i* "t ! mass has acquir$ ! consi/5ce ( s(t butt]1 & is ready = use4 ,its me?od ( use is v simple4 ,x is sme>$1 9 small quantities1 on wool5 clo?s1 & ) ^! is rubb$ into ! wood4 ,?is is ! be/ prep>ation1 b "o 9 :i* ! beeswax is m]ely dissolv$ 9 ! turp5t9e 9 su* a way z to h ! consi/5ce ( a n too ?9 oil color1 w answ]4 ,! wood is treat$ ) ?is1 tak+ c>e t ! surface is ev5ly cov]$ ) ! mixture1 & t x does n s9k too deeply 9 ! ornam5ts1 corn]s1 etc41 ( ! woodwork4 ,?is is be/ a*iev$ by tak+ c>e to scrape (f f ! clo?s all excess ( ! wax4 ,if1 9 ! c\rse ( #bd h\rs1 ! surface is h>d1 !n ) a /iff bru% g ov] x1 mu* aft] ! way ( poli%+ a boot4 ,= ! corn]s & angles small] bru%es are us$2 :5 necess>y1 /iff p5cils may be employ$4 ,f9ally1 ! :ole is poli%$ ) plu%1 or velvet rags1 9 ord] n to injure ! orig9al poli%4 ,give ! article a good coat ( l9se$ oil or a wa%+ ) petroleum be=e beg9n+ "w4 ,,ii4--,articles t are always expos$ to ! wat]1 floors1 doors1 especially ( oak1 %\ld1 f "t to "t1 be #gee saturat$ ) oil or wax4 ,a h\se door1 pl5tifully decorat$ ) wood c>v+1 w n %r9k or w>p1 ev5 :]e ! sun %9es hotte/ on x1 :5 x is frequ5tly treat$ to saturation ) wax & oil4 ,"h a pla9 dosage ) l9se$ oil is suffici5t4 ,v>ni%1 )\t ! addition ( turp5t9e1 %\ld nev] be us$1 or if us$ x %\ld be foll[$ by a coat ( wax4 ,,iii4--,a good floor wax is compos$ ( #b p>ts ( wax & #c p>ts ( ,v5ice turp5t9e1 melt$ on ! wat] ba?1 & ! mixture appli$ :ile /ill hot1 us+ a p5cil1 or bru%1 = ! application1 & :5 x has become solid & dry1 dilig5tly rubb$1 or poli%$ d[n ) a wool5 clo?1 or ) a floor bru%1 especially made = ! purpose4 ,,iv4--,an emulsion ( #e p>ts ( yell[ wax1 #b p>ts ( crude potassium c>bonate1 & #ab p>ts ( wat]1 boil$ toge!r until !y assume a milky color & ! solids are dissolv$1 us$ cold1 makes an excell5t composition = floors4 ,any desir$ color may be giv5 ?is dress+ by /irr+ 9 ! p[d]$ color+ matt]4 ,use x exactly z describ$ = ! fir/ mass4 ,gild]s' ,wax4--,= ! production ( v>i\s color+s ( gold 9 fire gild+1 ! respective places are frequ5tly cov]$ ) s-call$ gild]s' wax4 ,^! consi/ ( mixtures ( v>i\s *emicals :i* h an et*+ action 9 ! r$ heat ^u ! bronze mass1 ?us caus+ r\ghness ( unequal dep?1 z well z ?r\gh ! fact t ! composition ( ! bronze is *ang$ some:at on ! surface1 a relief ( ! gold color be+ effect$ 9 consequ5ce ( ^! two circum/ances4 ,! gild+ wax is prep>$ by melt+ toge!r ! f9ely p[d]$ *emicals ) wax accord+ to ! foll[+ recipes3 ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,v ,yell[ wax #cb #cb #cb #if #cf ,r$ *alk #c #bd #ah #dh #ah ,v]digris #b #d #ah #cb #ah ,burnt alum #b #d -- -- -- ,burnt borax -- -- #b #a #c ,copp] a% -- #d #f #bj #h ,z9c vitriol -- -- -- #cb #ah ,gre5 vitriol -- -- -- #a #f ,graft+ ,wax4-- ,i4--,beeswax #g p>ts ,purifi$ ros9 #ab p>ts ,turp5t9e #c p>ts ,rape oil #a "p ,v5ice turp5t9e #b4e p>ts ,z9c :ite #b4e p>ts ,color yell[ ) turm]ic4 ,,ii4--,japan wax #a "p ,yell[ wax #c p>ts ,ros9 #h p>ts ,turp5t9e #d p>ts ,h>d p>aff9e #a "p ,suet #c p>ts ,v5ice turp5t9e #f p>ts ,h>ness ,wax4-- ,oil ( turp5t9e #ij p>ts ,wax1 yell[ #i p>ts ,prussian blue #a "p ,indigo #j4e p>ts ,bone black #e p>ts ,dissolve ! wax 9 ! oil by aid ( a l[ heat1 on a wat] ba?4 ,mix ! rema9+ +r$i5ts1 :i* mu/ be well p[d]$1 & "w up ) a portion ( ! solution ( wax4 ,f9ally1 add ! mixture to ! solution1 & mix ?or\ghly on ! ba?4 ,:5 a homog5e\s liquid is obta9$1 p\r into e>!n boxes4 ,model+ ,wax4--,i4--,yell[ wax1 #a1jjj p>ts2 ,v5ice turp5t9e1 #acj p>ts2 l>d1 #fe p>ts2 bole1 #gbe p>ts4 ,! mixture :5 /ill liquid is p\r$ into tepid wat] & knead$ until a pla/ic mass is obta9$4 ,,ii4--,summ] ,model+ ,wax4--,:ite wax1 #bj p>ts2 ord9>y turp5t9e1 #d p>ts2 sesame oil1 #a "p2 v]milion1 #b p>ts4 ,,iii4--,w9t] ,model+ ,wax4--,:ite wax1 #bj p>ts2 ord9>y turp5t9e1 #f p>ts2 sesame oil1 #b p>ts2 v]milion1 #b p>ts4 ,prep>ation same z = ,=mula ,i4 ,seal+ ,waxes4--,! foll[+ =mulas may be foll[$ = mak+ seal+ wax3 ,take #d p\nds ( %ellac1 #a p\nd ( ,v5ice turp5t9e1 & #c p\nds ( v]milion4 ,melt ! lac 9 a copp] pan susp5d$ ov] a cle> *>coal fire1 !n add ! turp5t9e sl[ly to x1 & soon aft]w>ds add ! v]milion1 /irr+ briskly all ! "t ) a rod 9 ei!r h&4 ,9 =m+ ! r\nd /icks ( seal+ wax1 a c]ta9 portion ( ! mass %\ld be weigh$ :ile x is ductile1 divid$ into ! desir$ numb] ( pieces1 & !n roll$ out ^u a w>m m>ble slab by means ( a smoo? wood5 block l t us$ by apo!c>ies = roll+ a mass ( pills4 ,! oval & squ>e /icks ( seal+ wax are ca/ 9 molds1 ) ! above comp\nd1 9 a /ate ( fusion4 ,! m>ks ( ! l9es ( junction ( ! mold box may be aft]w>ds remov$ by hold+ ! /icks ov] a cle> fire1 or pass+ !m ov] a blue gas flame4 ,m>bl$ seal+ wax is made by mix+ #gef two1 ?ree1 or m color$ k9ds toge!r :ile !y are 9 a semi-fluid /ate4 ,f ! viscidity ( ! sev]al portions _! incorporation is left incomplete1 s z to produce ! appe>ance ( m>bl+4 ,gold seal+ wax is made simply by add+ gold *rome in/ead ( v]milion into ! melt$ ros9s4 ,wax may be sc5t$ by introduc+ a little ess5tial oil1 ess5ce ( musk1 or o!r p]fume4 ,if #a "p ( balsam ( ,p]u be melt$ along ) #ii p>ts ( ! seal+-wax composition1 an agreeable fragrance w be exhal$ 9 ! act ( seal+ ) x4 ,ei!r lampblack or ivory black s]ves = ! color+ matt] ( black wax4 ,seal+ wax is (t5 adult]at$ ) ros91 9 :i* case x runs into ?9 drops at ! flame ( a c&le4 ,! foll[+ mi/akes are sometimes made 9 ! manufacture ( seal+ wax3 ,i4--,use ( fill+ ag5ts :i* are too co>sely gr\nd4 ,,ii4--,excessive use ( fill+ ag5ts4 ,,iii4--,insuffici5t b9d+ ( ! pigm5ts & fill+s ) a suitable adhesive ag5t1 :i* causes ^! bodies to absorb ! adhesive p[] ( ! gums4 ,,iv4--,excessive heat+ ( ! mass1 caus$ by improp] melt+ or faulty admixture ( ! gummy bodies4 ,turp5t9e & ros9 mu/ be heat$ be=e ent]+ ! %ellac4 ,if ?is rule is inv]t$1 z is (t5 ! case1 ! %ellac /icks to ! bottom & burns p>tly4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to mix ! color+ matt] to a pa/e ) _s or oil ( turp5t9e be=e add+ to ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,unless ?is is done ! wax w n be ( a regul> t9t4 ,d>k ,blue ,wax4--,?ree ounces ,v5etian turp5t9e1 #d ounces %ellac1 #a ounce ros91 #a ounce ,prussian blue1 #a_/b ounce magnesia4 ,gre5 ,wax4--,two ounces ,v5etian turp5t9e1 #d ounces %ellac1 #a #a_/d ounces ros91 #a_/b ounce *rome yell[1 #a_/d ounce ,prussian blue1 #a ounce magnesia4 ,c>m9e ,r$ ,wax4--,"o ounce ,v5etian turp5t9e1 #d ounces %ellac1 #a ounce ros91 colophony1 #a #a_/d ounces ,*9ese r$1 #a dra*m magnesia1 ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,gold ,wax4--,f\r ounces ,v5etian turp5t9e1 #h ounces %ellac1 #ad %eets ( g5u9e leaf gold1 #a_/b ounce bronze1 #a_/b ounce magnesia1 ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,:ite ,wax4--,i4--,! wax is blea*$ by expos+ to moi/ air & to ! sun1 b x mu/ fir/ be prep>$ 9 ?9 %eets or ribbons or 9 gra9s4 ,= ?is purpose x is fir/ wa%$1 to free x f ! honey :i* may adh]e1 melt$1 & p\r$ into a t9 vessel1 ^: bottom is p]=at$ ) n>r[ slits4 ,! melt$ wax falls 9 a ?9 /ream on a wood5 cyl9d] arrang$ bel[ & half imm]s$ 9 cold wat]4 ,?is cyl9d] is turn$1 & ! wax1 roll+ r\nd 9 ?9 leaves1 aft]w>ds falls into ! wat]4 ,to melt x 9 gra9s1 a vessel is made use (1 p]=at$ ) small op5+s1 :i* c be rotat$4 ,! wax is project$ 9 gra9s into ! cold wat]4 ,x is spread on frames ( musl91 moi/5$ ) wat] sev]al times a day1 & expos$ to ! sun until ! wax assumes a f9e :ite4 ,?is :it5ess1 h[ev]1 is n p]fect4 ,! op]ation ( melt+ & sep>at+ into ribbons or gra9s mu/ be r5ew$4 ,f9ally1 x is melt$ & fl[$ into molds4 ,! duration ( ! blea*+ may be abridg$ by add+ to ! wax1 treat$ z above1 f #a4be to #a4ge p] c5t ( rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e1 free f ros94 ,9 #f or #h days a result w be secur$ :i* w\ld o!rwise require #e or #f weeks4 ,,ii4--,blea*$ %ellac #bh p>ts ,v5etian turp5t9e #ac p>ts ,pla/] ( ,p>is #cj p>ts ,,wax ,,= ,,bottles3 ,see ,photography4 ,,wax1 ,,burn+1 ,,trick3 ,see ,pyrote*nics4 ,,waxes1 ,,decomposition ,,(3 ,see ,oil4 ,,wax ,,= ,,iron+3 ,see ,laundry ,prep>ations4 ,,wax ,,= ,,l9oleum3 ,see ,l9oleum4 ,wea!r ,=eca/]s 7,see also ,hygromet]s & ,hygroscopes47 ,i4--,x is kn[n t a leaf ( blott+ pap] or a /rip ( fabric made to *ange color accord+ to ! hygrometric /ate ( ! atmosph]e has be5 employ$ = wea!r indications 9 place ( a b>omet]4 ,! foll[+ comp\nd is recomm5d$ = ?is purpose3 ,"o "p ( cobalt *loride1 #ge p>ts ( nickel oxide1 #bj p>ts ( gelat91 & #bjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,a /rip ( calico1 soak$ 9 ?is solution1 w appe> gre5 9 f9e wea!r1 b :5 moi/ure int]v5es ! color disappe>s4 #geg ,,ii4--,copp] *loride #a "p ,gelat9 #aj p>ts ,wat] #ajj p>ts ,,iii4--,?is is a me?od ( mak+ old-fa%ion$ wea!r glasses conta9+ a liquid t cl\ds or solidifies "u c]ta9 atmosph]ic conditions3 ,camphor #b #a_/b dra*ms ,alcohol #aa dra*ms ,wat] #i dra*ms ,saltpet] #ch gra9s ,sal ammoniac #ch gra9s ,dissolve ! camphor 9 ! alcohol & ! salts 9 ! wat] & mix ! solutions toge!r4 ,p\r 9 te/ tubes1 cov] ) wax aft] cork+ & make a hole ?r\gh ! cork ) a r$-hot ne$le1 or draw out ! tube until only a p9 hole rema9s4 ,:5 ! camphor1 etc41 appe> s(t & p[d]y1 & almo/ fill+ ! tube1 ra9 ) s\? or s\?we/ w9ds may be expect$2 :5 cry/all9e1 nor?1 nor!a/1 or nor?we/ w9ds1 ) f9e wea!r1 may be expect$2 :5 a portion cry/allizes on "o side ( ! tube1 w9d may be expect$ f t direction4 ,f9e wea!r3 ,! sub/ance rema9s entirely at bottom ( tube & ! liquid p]fectly cle>4 ,com+ ra93 ,sub/ance w rise gradually1 liquid w be v cle>1 ) a small /> 9 motion4 ,a com+ /orm or v high w9d3 ,sub/ance p>tly at top ( tube1 & ( a leaflike =m1 liquid v heavy & 9 a f]m5t+ /ate4 ,^! effects are noticeable #bd h\rs be=e ! *ange sets 94 ,9 w9t]3 ,g5]ally ! sub/ance lies high] 9 ! tube4 ,sn[ or :ite fro/3 ,sub/ance v :ite & small />s 9 motion4 ,summ] wea!r3 ,! sub/ance w lie q l[4 ,! sub/ance w lie clos] to ! tube on ! opposite side to ! qu>t] f :i* ! /orm is com+4 ,! in/rum5t is no?+ m ?an a sci5tific toy4 ,,wea!rpro(+3 ,see ,pa9ts4 ,,we$ ,,kill]s3 ,see ,dis9fectants4 ,weights & ,measures ,,int]national ,,atomic ,,weights4 ,! ,int]national ,committee on ,atomic ,weights h pres5t$ ?is table z correct$3 ,o#af ,h#a ,alum9um ,al #bg4a #bf4i ,antimony ,sb #abj4b #aai4c ,argon ,a #ci4i #ci4f ,ars5ic ,z #ge #gd4d ,b>ium ,ba #acg4d #acf4d ,bismu? ,bi #bjh4e #bjf4i ,boron ,b #aa #aj4i ,brom9e ,br #gi4if #gi4cf ,cadmium ,cd #aab4d #aaa4f ,csium ,cs #acb4i #aca4i ,calcium ,ca #dj4a #ci4g ,c>bon ,c #ab #aa4ia ,c]ium ,ce #adj4be #aci4b ,*lor9e ,cl #ce4de #ce4ah ,*romium ,cr #eb4a #ea4g ,cobalt ,co #ei #eh4ee ,columbium ,cb #id #ic4c ,copp] ,cu #fc4f #fc4a ,erbium ,er #aff #afd4h ,fluor9e ,f #ai #ah4i ,gadol9ium ,gd #aef #aed4h ,gallium ,ga #gj #fi4e ,g]manium ,ge #gb4e #gb ,gluc9um ,gl #i4a #i4jc ,gold ,au #aig4b #aie4g ,helium ,he #d #d ,hydrog5 ,h #a4jjh #a ,indium ,9 #aae #aad4a ,iod9e ,i #abf4ig #abf4ja ,iridium ,ir #aic #aia4e ,iron ,fe #ee4i #ee4e ,krypton ,kr #ha4h #ha4b ,lan?anum ,la #ach4i #acg4i ,lead ,pb #bjf4i #bje4ce ,li?ium ,li #g4jc #f4ih ,magnesium ,mg #bd4cf #bd4ah ,manganese ,mn #ee #ed4f ,m]cury ,hg #bjj #aih4e ,molybd5um ,mo #if #ie4c ,neodymium ,nd #adc4f #adb4e ,neon ,ne #bj #ai4i ,nickel ,ni #eh4g #eh4c ,nitrog5 ,n #ad4jd #ac4ic ,osmium ,os #aia #ahi4f ,oxyg5 ,o #af #ae4hh ,palladium ,pd #ajf4e #aje4g ,phosphorus ,p #ca #cj4gg ,plat9um ,pt #aid4h #aic4c ,potassium ,k #ci4ae #ch4he ,praseodymium ,pr #adj4e #aci4d ,radium ,ra #bbe #bbc4c ,rhodium ,rh #ajc #ajb4b ,rubidium ,rb #he4e #hd4i ,ru!nium ,ru #aja4g #ajj4i ,sam>ium ,sm #aej4c #adi4b ,sc&ium ,sc #dd4a #dc4h ,sel5ium ,se #gi4b #gh4f ,silicon ,si #bh4d #bh4b ,silv] ,ag #ajg4ic #ajg4aa ,sodium ,na #bc4je #bb4hh ,/rontium ,sr #hg4f #hf4id ,sulphur ,s #cb4jf #ca4hb ,tantalum ,ta #ahc #aha4f ,tellurium ,te #abg4f #abf4f ,t]bium ,? #afj #aeh4h ,?allium ,tl #bjd4a #bjb4f #geh ,?orium ,? #bcb4e #bcj4h ,?ulium ,tm #aga #afi4g ,t9 ,sn #aai #aah4a ,titanium ,ti #dh4a #dg4g ,tung/5 ,w #ahd #ahb4f ,uranium ,u #bch4e #bcf4g ,vanadium ,v #ea4b #ej4h ,x5on ,xe #abh #abg ,ytt]bium ,yb #agc #aga4g ,yttrium ,yt #hi #hh4c ,z9c ,zn #fe4d #fd4i ,zirconium ,zr #ij4f #hi4i ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,weights ,,& ,,measures 7,accord+ to exi/+ /&>ds7 ,,l9eal ,in*es4 ,feet4 ,y>ds4 ,rods4 ,fur's4 ,mile4 #ab in*es #a foot4 #ab #a #c feet #a y>d4 #cf #c #a #e4e y>ds #a rod4 #aih #af4e #e4e #a #dj rods #a furlong4 #g1ibj #ffj #bbj #dj #a #h furlongs #a mile4 #fc1cfj #e1bhj #a1gfj #cbj #h #a ,,surface--,,l& #add sq4 in*es #a squ>e foot4 ,feet4 ,y>ds4 ,rods4 ,roods4 ,acres4 #i squ>e feet #a squ>e y>d4 #i #a #cj4be squ>e y>ds #a squ>e rod4 #bgb4be #cj4be #a #dj squ>e rods #a squ>e rood4 #aj1hij #a1baj #dj #a #d squ>e roods #a acre4 #dc1efj #d1hdj #afj #d #a #fdj acres #a squ>e mile4 #bg1hgh1djj #c1jig1fjj #ajb1djj #b1efj #fdj ,,volume--,,liquid #d gills #a p9t4 ,gills4 ,p9ts4 ,gallon4 ,cub4 ,94 #b p9ts #a qu>t4 #cb #h #a #bca #d qu>ts #a gallon4 ,,fluid ,,measure ,gallon4 ,p9ts4 ,ounces4 ,dra*ms4 ,m9ims4 ,cubic ,c5timet]s4 #a #h #abh #a1jbd #fa1ddj #c1ghe4dce #a #af #abh #g1fhj #dgc4agi #a #h #dhj #bi4egd #a #fj #c4fig #af ounces1 or a p9t1 is sometimes call$ a fluidp\nd4 ,,troy ,,weight ,p\nd4 ,ounces4 ,p5nyweights4 ,gra9s4 ,grams4 #a #ab #bdj #e1gfj #cgc4bd #a #bj #dhj #ca4aj #a #bd #a4ef ,,apo!c>ies' ,,weight gr4 ,p\nd4 ,ounces4 ,dra*ms4 ,scruples4 ,gra9s4 ,grams4 #a #ab #if #bhh #e1gfj #cgc4bd #a #h #bd #dhj #ca4aj #a #c #fj #c4hi #a #bj #a4cj #a 4#jf ,! p\nd1 ounce1 & gra9 are ! same z 9 ,troy weight4 ,,avoirdupois ,,weight ,p\nd4 ,ounces4 ,dra*ms4 ,gra9s 7,troy7 ,grams4 #a #af #bef #g1jjj #dec4fj #a #af #dcg4e #bh4ce #a #bg4cd #a4gg ,,engli% ,,weights ,,& ,,measures ,,apo!c>ies' ,,weight #bj gra9s #a scruple #bj gra9s #c scruples #a dra*m #fj gra9s #h dra*ms #a ounce #dhj gra9s #ab ounces #a p\nd #e1gfj gra9s ,,fluid ,,measure #fj m9ims #a fluidra*m #h dra*ms #a fluid\nce #bj ounces #a p9t #h p9ts #a gallon ,! above weights are usually adopt$ 9 =mulas4 ,all *emicals are usually sold by ,,avoirdupois ,,weight #bg #aa_/cb gra9s #a dra*m #bg #aa_/cb gra9s #af dra*ms #a ounce #dcg #a_/b gra9s #af ounces #a p\nd #g1jjj gra9s ,preci\s metals are usually sold by ,,troy ,,weight #bd gra9s #a p5nyweight #bd gra9s #bj p5nyweights #a ounce #dhj gra9s #ab ounces #a p\nd #e1gfj gra9s ,,note4--,an ounce ( metallic silv] conta9s #dhj gra9s1 b an ounce ( nitrate ( silv] conta9s only #dcg #a_/b gra9s4 #gei ,,metric ,,sy/em ,,( ,,weights ,,& ,,measures ,,measures ,,( ,,l5g? ,,d5om9ations ,,& ,,values4 ,,equival5ts ,,9 ,,use4 ,myriamet] #aj1jjj met]s #f4bacg miles ,kilomet] #a1jjj met]s 4#fbacg miles1 or #c1bhj feet1 #aj in*es ,hectomet] #ajj met]s #cbh feet & #a in* ,dekamet] #aj met]s #cic4g in*es ,met] #a met] #ci4cg in*es ,decimet] #a-aj? ( a met] #c4icg in*es ,c5timet] #a-ajj? ( a met] 4#cicg in*es ,millimet] #a-a1jjj? ( a met] 4#jcid in*es ,,measures ,,( ,,surface ,,d5om9ations ,,& ,,values4 ,,equival5ts ,,9 ,,use4 ,hect>e #aj1jjj squ>e met]s #b4dga acres ,are #ajj squ>e met]s #aai4f squ>e y>ds ,c5t>e #a squ>e met] #a1eej squ>e in*es ,,measures ,,( ,,volume ,,d5om9ations ,,& ,,values4 ,,equival5ts ,,9 ,,use4 ,,names4 ,,no4 ,,( ,,cubic ,,measures4 ,,dry ,,measure4 ,,w9e ,,measure4 ,,lit]s4 ,kilolit] or /]e #a1jjj #a cubic met] #a4cjh cubic y>ds #bfd4ag gallons ,hectolit] #ajja-aj? cubic met] #b bu%els & #bf4dag gallons #c4ce pecks ,dekalit] #aj #aj cubic decimet]s #i4jh qu>ts #b4fdag gallons ,lit] #a #a cubic decimet] 4#ijh qu>ts #a4jefg qu>ts ,decilit] #a-aja-aj? cubic decimet] #f4ajbc cubic in*es 4#hde gills ,c5tilit] #a-ajj #aj cubic c5timet]s 4#fajb cubic in*es 4#cch fluid\nces ,millilit] #a-a1jjj #a cubic c5timet] 4#jfa cubic in*es 4#bg fluidra*ms ,,weights ,,d5om9ations ,,& ,,values4 ,,equival5ts ,,9 ,,use4 ,,names4 ,,numb] ,,weight ,,( ,,volume ,,( ,,wat] ,,avoirdupois ,,( ,,grams4 ,,at ,,its ,,maximum ,,d5sity4 ,,weight4 ,milli] or ,tonneau #a1jjj1jjj #a cubic met] #b1bjd4f p\nds ,qu9tal #ajj1jjj #a hectolit] #bbj4df p\nds ,myriagram #aj1jjj #aj lit]s #bb4jdf p\nds ,kilogram or ,kilo #a1jjj #a lit] #b4bjdf p\nds ,hectogram #ajj #a decilit] #c4ebgd ounces ,dekagram #aj #aj cubic c5timet]s 4#cebg ounces ,gram #a #a cubic c5timet] #ae4dcb gra9s ,decigram #a-aj #a-aj? ( a cubic c5timet] #a4edcb gra9s ,c5tigram #a-ajj #aj cubic millimet]s 4#aedc gra9s ,milligram #a-a1jjj #a cubic millimet] 4#jaed gra9s ,= measur+ surfaces1 ! squ>e dekamet] is us$ "u ! t]m ( ,,are2 ! hect>e1 or #ajj ares1 is equal to ab\t #b #a_/b acres4 ,! unit ( capacity is ! cubic decimet] or ,,lit]1 & ! s]ies ( measures is =m$ 9 ! same way z 9 ! case ( ! table ( l5g?s4 ,! cubic met] is ! unit ( measure = solid bodies1 & is t]m$ ,,/]e4 ,! unit ( weight is ! ,,gram1 :i* is ! weight ( "o cubic c5timet] ( pure wat] weigh$ 9 a vacuum at ! temp]ature ( #d ,c4 or #ci4b ,f41 :i* is ab\t its temp]ature ( maximum d5sity4 ,9 practice1 ! t]m cubic c5timet]1 abbreviat$ c4c41 is g5]ally us$ in/ead ( millilit]1 & cubic met] in/ead ( kilolit]4 #gfj ,,! ,,conv]sion ,,( ,,metric ,,into ,,engli% ,,weight ,! foll[+ table1 :i* conta9s no error great] ?an "o-t5? ( a gra91 w suffice = mo/ practical purposes3 #a gram #ae #b_/e gra9s #b grams #cj #d_/e gra9s #c grams #df #a_/e gra9s #d grams #fa #d_/e gra9s1 or #a dra*m1 #a #d_/e gra9s #e grams #gg #a_/e gra9s1 or #a dra*m1 #ag #a_/e gra9s #f grams #ib #c_/e gra9s1 or #a dra*m1 #cb #c_/e gra9s #g grams #ajh gra9s1 or #a dra*m1 #dh gra9s #h grams #abc #b_/e gra9s1 or #b dra*ms1 #c #b_/e gra9s #i grams #ach #d_/e gra9s1 or #b dra*ms1 #ah #d_/e gra9s #aj grams #aed #b_/e gra9s1 or #b dra*ms1 #cd #b_/e gra9s #aa grams #afi #d_/e gra9s1 or #b dra*ms1 #di #d_/e gra9s #ab grams #ahe #a_/e gra9s1 or #c dra*ms1 #bj #a_/e gra9s #ac grams #bjj #c_/e gra9s1 or #c dra*ms1 #bj #c_/e gra9s #ad grams #baf gra9s1 or #c dra*ms1 #cf gra9s #ae grams #bca #b_/e gra9s1 or #c dra*ms1 #ea #b_/e gra9s #af grams #bdg gra9s1 or #d dra*ms1 #g gra9s #ag grams #bfb #b_/e gra9s1 or #d dra*ms1 #bb #b_/e gra9s #ah grams #bgg #d_/e gra9s1 or #d dra*ms1 #cg #d_/e gra9s #ai grams #bic #a_/e gra9s1 or #d dra*ms1 #ec #a_/e gra9s #bj grams #cjh #c_/e gra9s1 or #e dra*ms1 #h #c_/e gra9s #cj grams #dfc gra9s1 or #g dra*ms1 #dc gra9s #dj grams #fag #a_/e gra9s1 or #aj dra*ms1 #ag #a_/e gra9s #ej grams #gga #c_/e gra9s1 or #ab dra*ms1 #ea #c_/e gra9s #fj grams #ibf gra9s1 or #ae dra*ms1 #bf gra9s #gj grams #a1jhj #a_/e gra9s1 or #ah dra*ms1 #j #a_/e gra9s #hj grams #a1bcd #c_/e gra9s1 or #bj dra*ms1 #cd #c_/e gra9s #ij grams #a1chi gra9s1 or #bc dra*ms1 #i gra9s #ajj grams #a1edc #a_/e gra9s1 or #be dra*ms1 #dc #a_/e gra9s #a1jjj grams #a kilogram #cb ounces1 #a dra*m1 #ab #b_/e gra9s ,,! ,,conv]sion ,,( ,,metric ,,into ,,engli% ,,measure #a cubic c5timet] #ag m9ims #b cubic c5timet]s #cd m9ims #c cubic c5timet]s #ea m9ims #d cubic c5timet]s #fh m9ims1 or #a dra*m1 #h m9ims #e cubic c5timet]s #he m9ims1 or #a dra*m1 #be m9ims #f cubic c5timet]s #aja m9ims1 or #a dra*m1 #da m9ims #g cubic c5timet]s #aah m9ims1 or #a dra*m1 #eh m9ims #h cubic c5timet]s #ace m9ims1 or #a dra*ms1 #ae m9ims #i cubic c5timet]s #aeb m9ims1 or #b dra*ms1 #cb m9ims #aj cubic c5timet]s #afi m9ims1 or #b dra*ms1 #di m9ims #bj cubic c5timet]s #cch m9ims1 or #e dra*ms1 #ch m9ims #cj cubic c5timet]s #ejg m9ims1 or #a ounce1 #j dra*m1 #bg m9ims #dj cubic c5timet]s #fgf m9ims1 or #a ounce1 #c dra*ms1 #af m9ims #ej cubic c5timet]s #hde m9ims1 or #a ounce1 #f dra*ms1 #e m9ims #fj cubic c5timet]s #a1jad m9ims1 or #b ounces1 #j dra*ms1 #ed m9ims #gj cubic c5timet]s #a1ahc m9ims1 or #b ounces1 #c dra*ms1 #dc m9ims #hj cubic c5timet]s #a1ceb m9ims1 or #b ounces1 #f dra*ms1 #cb m9ims #ij cubic c5timet]s #a1eba m9ims1 or #c ounces1 #a dra*m1 #ba m9ims #ajj cubic c5timet]s #a1fij m9ims1 or #c ounces1 #d dra*ms1 #aj m9ims #a1jjj cubic c5timet]s #a lit] #cd fluid\nces ne>ly1 or #b #a_/h p9ts4 #gfa ,,weld+ ,,p[d]s4 ,see also ,/eel4 ,p[d] to ,weld ,wr\ght ,iron at ,pale-r$ ,heat ) ,wr\ght ,iron4--,i4--,borax1 #a "p 7by weight72 sal ammoniac1 #a_/b "p2 wat]1 #a_/b "p4 ,^! +r$i5ts are boil$ ) con/ant /irr+ until ! mass is /iff2 !n x is all[$ to h>d5 ov] ! fire4 ,^u cool+1 ! mass is rubb$ up into a p[d] & mix$ ) "o-?ird wr\ght-iron fil+s free f ru/4 ,:5 ! iron has rea*$ r$ heat1 ?is p[d] is spr9kl$ on ! p>ts to be weld$1 & aft] x has liquefi$1 a few bl[s are suffici5t to unite ! pieces4 ,,ii4--,borax1 #b p>ts2 wr\ght-iron fil+s1 free f ru/1 #b p>ts2 sal ammoniac1 #a "p4 ,^! pulv]iz$ p>ts are moi/5$ ) copaiba balsam & made into a pa/e1 !n sl[ly dri$ ov] a fire & aga9 p[d]$4 ,! application is ! same z = ,=mula ,i4 ,weld+ ,p[d] to ,weld ,/eel on ,wr\ght ,iron at ,pale-r$ ,heat4--,borax1 #c p>ts2 potassium cyanide1 #b p>ts2 ,b]l9 blue1 #a-ajj "p4 ,^! sub/ances are p[d]$ well1 moi/5$ ) wat]2 next !y are boil$ ) con/ant /irr+ until /iff2 !n dry ov] a fire4 ,^u cool+1 ! mass is f9ely pulv]iz$ & mix$ ) #a "p ( wr\ght-iron fil+s1 free f ru/4 ,?is p[d] is spr9kl$ repeat$ly ^u ! hot pieces1 & aft] x has burn$ 9 ! weld+ is tak5 9 h&4 ,,:eel ,,grease3 ,see ,lubricants4 ,,:et/ones4 ,to make artificial :et/ones1 take gelat9 ( good quality1 dissolve x 9 equal weight ( wat]1 op]at+ 9 almo/ complete d>kness1 & add #a #a_/b p] c5t ( bi*romate ( pota%1 previ\sly dissolv$4 ,next take ab\t #i times ! weight ( ! gelat9 employ$ ( v f9e em]y or f9e p[d]$ gun /one1 :i* is mix$ intimately ) ! gelat9iz$ solution4 ,! pa/e ?us obta9$ is mold$ into ! desir$ %ape1 tak+ c>e to ex]cise an en]getic pressure 9 ord] to consolidate ! mass4 ,f9ally dry by exposure to ! sun4 ,,:it+3 ,to ,=m ,masses ( ,:it+4--,mix ! :it+ into a /iff pa/e ) wat]1 & ! mass w reta9 its coh]5ce :5 dry4 ,:itewa% 7,see also ,pa9t47 ,wa% ! ceil+ by wett+ x twice ) wat]1 lay+ on z mu* z c well be float$ on1 !n rub ! old color up ) a /umpy bru% & wipe (f ) a l>ge sponge4 ,/op all cracks ) :it+ & pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,:5 dry1 cl>icole ) size & a little ( ! :itewa% :5 ?is is dry4 ,if v mu* /a9$1 pa9t ^? p>ts ) turps1 color1 &1 if necess>y1 cl>icole aga94 ,to make ! :itewa%1 take a doz5 p\nds ( :it+ 79 l>ge balls71 break !m up 9 a pail1 & cov] ) wat] to soak4 ,dur+ ?is "t melt ov] a sl[ fire #d p\nds common size1 & at ! same "t1 ) a palette knife or small tr[el1 rub up f9e ab\t a dess]tspoonful ( blue-black ) wat] to a f9e pa/e2 !n p\r ! wat] (f ! top ( ! :it+ & ) a /ick /ir 9 ! black2 :5 well mix$1 /ir 9 ! melt$ size & /ra94 ,:5 cold1 x is fit = use4 ,if ! jelly is too /iff = use1 beat x up well & add a little cold wat]4 ,comm5ce :itewa%+ ov] ! w9d[ & s "w f ! light4 ,di/emp] color ( any t9t may be made by us+ any o!r color in/ead ( ! blue-black--z o*]1 *rome1 ,dut* p9k1 raw si5na = yell[s & buff2 ,v5etian r$1 burnt si5na1 ,indian r$ or purple br[n = r$s2 cele/ial blue1 ultram>9e1 indigo = blues2 r$ & blue = purple1 gray or lav5d]2 r$ lead & *rome = orange2 ,brunswick gre5 = gre5s4 ,ox blood 9 lime pa9t is an excell5t b9d+ ag5t = ! lime1 z x is *iefly compos$ ( album91 :i*1 l case9 or milk1 is capable ( trans=m+ ! lime into case9 pa9t4 ,b ! ox blood mu/ be mix$ 9 ! lime pa9t2 to use x sep>ately is useless1 if n h>mful4 ,:itewa%+ r\gh mort>-pla/]+ to saturation is v practical1 z x closes all ! pores & small holes4 ,a =mula us$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t 9 mak+ :itewa% = light-h\ses & o!r public build+s is z foll[s3 ,unslak$ lime #b pecks ,common salt #a peck ,rice fl\r #c p\nds ,spani% :it+ #a_/b p\nd ,glue 7clean & :ite7 #a p\nd ,wat]1 a suffici5t quantity4 ,slake ! lime 9 a vessel ( ab\t #aj gallons capacity2 cov] x1 /ra91 & add #gfb ! salt previ\sly dissolv$ 9 w>m wat]4 ,boil ! rice fl\r 9 wat]2 soak ! glue 9 wat] & dissolve on a wat] ba?1 & add bo?1 toge!r ) ! :it+ & #e gallons ( hot wat] to ! mixture1 /irr+ all well toge!r4 ,cov] to protect f dirt1 & let x /& = a few days1 :5 x w be ready = use4 ,x is to be appli$ hot1 & = t reason %\ld be us$ f a kettle ov] a portable furnace4 ,to ,s(t5 ,old ,:itewa%4--,wet ! :itewa% ?or\ghly ) a wa% made ( #a p\nd ( pota% dissolv$ 9 #aj qu>ts ( wat]4 ,,:itewa%1 ,,to ,,remove3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods4 ,,:ite ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,w9d[-,,clean+ ,,comp\nd3 ,see ,clean+ ,comp\nds4 ,,w9d[ ,,display3 ,see also ,sponges4 ,an attractive w9d[ display = /ores c be prep>$ z foll[s3 ,9 a wide-m\? j> put "s s&1 say1 ab\t #f in*es 9 dep?4 ,make a mixture ( equal p>ts ( alum9um sulphate1 copp] sulphate1 & iron sulphate1 co>sely p[d]$1 & /rew x ov] ! surface ( ! s&4 ,ov] ?is lay] g5tly p\r a solution ( sodium silicate1 dissolv$ 9 #c p>ts ( hot wat]1 tak+ c>e n to di/urb ! lay] ( sulphates4 ,9 ab\t a week or #aj days ! surface w be cov]$ ) cry/als ( diff]5t colors1 be+ silicates ( diff]5t metals employ$4 ,n[ take "s pure wat] & let x run into ! vessel by a small tube1 us+ a little m ( x ?an y us$ ( ! wat]-glass solution4 ,?is w displace ! wat]-glass solution1 & a fre% crop ( cry/als w come 9 ! silicates1 & makes1 :5 prop]ly done1 a pretty sc5e4 ,take c>e 9 p\r+ 9 ! wat] to let ! po9t ( ! tube be s arrang$ z n to di/urb ! crop ( silicates4 ,,w9d[ ,,p]fume4 ,9 ,p>is an app>atus has be5 introduc$ consi/+ ( a small tube :i* is atta*$ l5g?wise on ! ext]ior ( ! %op w9d[s4 ,?r\gh num]\s little holes a w>m1 lightly p]fum$ curr5t ( air is pass$1 :i* pleasantly tickles ! olfactory n]ves ( ! look]-on & at ! same "t keeps ! panes cle> & clean1 s t ! goods exhibit$ pres5t ! be/ possible appe>ance4 ,,w9d[ ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,w9d[s1 ,,fro/$3 ,see ,glass4 ,,w9d[s1 ,,to ,,prev5t ,,dimm+ ,,(3 ,see ,glass4 ,w9es & ,liquors ,,bitt]s4 ,bitt]s1 z ! "n indicates1 are m]ely t9ctures ( bitt] roots & b>ks1 ) ! addition ( spices to flavor1 & dep5d = _! effect ^u _! tonic action on ! /oma*4 ,tak5 too frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 !y may d h>m1 by ov]/imulat+ ! dige/ive organs4 ,! recipes = "s ( ^! prep>ations run to great l5g?s1 "o = ,ango/ura bitt]s conta9+ no few] ?an #bh +r$i5ts4 ,a v good article1 h[ev]1 may be made )\t all ?is elaboration4 ,! foll[+1 = in/ance1 make a v good prep>ation3 ,g5tian root 7slic$7 #ab ounces ,c9namon b>k #aj ounces ,c>away se$s #aj ounces ,junip] b]ries #b ounces ,cloves #a ounce ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #g p9ts ,mac]ate = a week2 /ra91 press out1 & filt]1 !n add ,capillaire #a #a_/d p9ts ,wat] to make up #b #a_/b gallons ,/r5g? ab\t #de u4 p4 ,/ill ano!r =mula calls = ,ango/ura b>k1 #b #a_/b ounces2 g5tian root1 #a ounce2 c>damom se$s1 #a_/b ounce2 ,turkey rhub>b1 #a_/b ounce2 orange peel1 #d ounces2 c>aways1 #a_/b ounce2 c9namon b>k1 #a_/b ounce2 cloves1 #a_/d ounce4 ,br&y ,bitt]s4-- ,slic$ g5tian root #c p\nds ,dri$ orange peel #b p\nds ,c>damom se$ #a p\nd ,bruis$ c9namon #a_/b p\nd ,co*9eal #b ounces ,br&y #aj p9ts ,mac]ate = #ad days & /ra94 ,ho/ett]'s ,bitt]s4-- ,calamus root #a p\nd ,orange peel #a p\nd ,p]uvian b>k #a p\nd ,g5tian root #a p\nd #gfc ,calumba root #a p\nd ,rhub>b root #d ounces ,c9namon b>k #b ounces ,cloves #a ounce ,dilut$ alcohol #b gallons ,wat] #a gallon ,sug> #a p\nd ,mac]ate toge!r = #b weeks4 ,,cordials4 ,cordials1 accord+ to ! ,spatula1 are flavor$ liquors conta9+ f #dj to #ej p] c5t ( alcohol 7f #eb to #fd fluid\nces to ea* gallon7 & f #bj to #be p] c5t ( sug> 7f #be to #cb ounces avoirdupois to ea* gallon74 ,cordials1 :ile us$ 9 ?is c\ntry to "s degree1 h _! greate/ consumption 9 =eign l&s1 especially 9 ,france & ,g]many4 ,usually su* mixtures z ^! are cl>ifi$ or 8f9$0 only ) consid]able difficulty1 z ! f9ally divid$ p>ticles ( oil pass easily ?r\gh ! pores ( ! filt] pap]4 ,purifi$ talcum w be f\nd to be an excell5t cl>ify+ m$ium2 x %\ld be agitat$ ) ! liquid & ! liquid !n pass$ ?r\gh a ?or\ghly wett$ filt]4 ,! filtrate %\ld be return$ aga9 & aga9 to ! filt] until x filt]s p]fectly bright4 ,purifi$ talcum be+ *emically in]t is sup]ior to magnesium c>bonate & o!r sub/ances :i* are recomm5d$ = ?is purpose4 ,:5 ! filt]+ process is complet$ ! liquids %\ld at once be put into suitable bottles :i* %\ld be fill$ & tightly cork$ & seal$4 ,wrap ! bottles 9 pap] & /ore away1 lay+ ! bottles on _! sides 9 a mod]ately w>m place4 ,a %elf ne> ! ceil+ is a good place4 ,w>m? & age improve ! bev]ages1 z x appe>s to m p]fectly bl5d ! flavors1 s t ! old] ! liquor becomes ! bett] x is4 ,^! liquids mu/ nev] be kept 9 a cold place1 z ! cold might cause ! volatile oils to sep>ate4 ,! foll[+ =mulas are = ! production ( cordials ( ! be/ quality1 & !re=e only ! v be/ ( mat]ials %\ld be us$2 ! ess5tial oils %\ld be ( unque/ionable quality & /rictly fre%1 :ile ! alcohol mu/ be free f fusel oil1 ! wat] di/ill$1 & ! sug> :ite1 free f blu+1 & if liquors ( any k9d %\ld be call$ = 9 any =mula only ! v be/ %\ld be us$4 ,! oils & o!r flavor+ sub/ances %\ld be dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol & ! sug> 9 ! wat]4 ,!n mix ! two solutions & filt] cle>4 ,alk]mes ,cordial4-- ,mace #a #a_/b avoirdupois ounces ,ceylon c9namon #a #a_/h avoirdupois ounces ,cloves #c_/d avoirdupois ounce ,rose wat] 7be/7 #f fluid\nces ,sug> #bh avoirdupois ounces ,deodoriz$ alcohol #eb fluid\nces ,di/ill$ wat]1 q4 s4 #a gallon ,r$uce ! mace1 c9namon1 & cloves to a co>se p[d] mac]ate ) ! alcohol = sev]al days1 agitat+ occasionally1 !n add ! rema9+ +r$i5ts1 & filt] cle>4 ,anise ,cordial4-- ,ane?ol #g fluidra*ms ,oil ( f5nel se$ #hj m9ims ,oil ( bitt] almonds #af drops ,deodoriz$ alcohol #h p9ts ,simple syrup #e p9ts ,di/ill$ wat]1 q4 s4 #af p9ts ,mix ! oils & ane?ol ) ! alcohol & ! syrup ) ! wat]2 mix ! two & filt] cle>1 z direct$4 ,blackb]ry ,cordial4--,?is bev]age is usually misnam$ 8blackb]ry br&y0 or 8blackb]ry w9e40 ,?is latt] belongs only to w9es obta9$ by ! f]m5tation ( ! blackb]ry juice4 ,:5 ?is is di/ill$ !n a true blackb]ry br&y is obta9$1 j z ord9>y br&y is obta9$ by di/ill+ ord9>y w9es4 ,! "n is frequ5tly appli$ to a prep>ation conta9+ blackb]ry root (t5 comb9$ ) o!r a/r+5ts1 b ! true blackb]ry cordial is made accord+ to ! =mulas giv5 h]e)4 ,mo/ ( ^! m5tion br&y1 & ?is article %\ld be good & fusel free1 or x may be replac$ by good :isky1 or ev5 by dilut$ alcohol1 dep5d+ on :e!r a high-pric$ or *eap cordial is desir$4 ,i4--,fre% blackb]ry juice1 #c p9ts2 sug>1 #g #a_/b ounces2 wat]1 #cj fluid\nces2 br&y1 #g #a_/b p9ts2 oil ( cloves1 #c drops2 oil ( c9namon1 #c drops2 alcohol1 #f fluidra*ms4 ,dissolve ! sug> 9 ! wat] & juice1 !n add ! liquor4 ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol & add #a_/b to ! fir/ solution1 & if n suffici5tly flavor$ add m ( ! second solution4 ,!n filt]4 ,,ii4--,fre% blackb]ry juice1 #d p9ts2 p[d]$ nutmeg 7fre%71 #a ounce2 p[d]$ c9namon 7fre%71 #a ounce2 p[d]$ pim5to 7fre%71 #a_/b ounce2 p[d]$ cloves #gfd 7fre%71 #a_/b ounce2 br&y1 #b #a_/b p9ts2 sug>1 #b #a_/b p\nds4 ,mac]ate ! spices 9 ! br&y = sev]al days4 ,dissolve ! sug> 9 ! juice & mix & filt] cle>4 ,*]ry ,cordials4-- ,i4--,oil ( bitt] almonds #h drops ,oil ( c9namon #a drop ,oil ( cloves #a drop ,acetic e!r #ab drops ,ceuan?ic e!r #a drop ,vanilla extract #a dra*m ,alcohol #c p9ts ,sug> #c p\nds ,*]ry juice #bj ounces ,di/ill$ wat]1 q4 s4 #a gallon ,! oils1 e!rs1 & extracts mu/ be dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol1 ! sug> 9 "p ( ! wat]1 !n mix1 add ! juice & filt] cle>4 ,:5 ! juice is n suffici5tly s\r1 add a small am\nt ( solution ( citric acid4 ,to color1 use c>amel4 ,,ii4--,vanilla extract #aj drops ,oil ( c9namon #aj drops ,oil ( bitt] almonds #aj drops ,oil ( cloves #c drops ,oil ( nutmeg #c drops ,alcohol #b #a_/b p9ts ,*]ry juice #b #a_/b p9ts ,simple syrup #c p9ts ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol1 !n add ! o!r +r$i5ts & filt] cle>4 ,x is bett] to make ?is cordial dur+ ! *]ry season s z to obta9 ! fre% express$ juice ( ! *]ry4 ,curacoa ,cordials4-- ,i4--,curacoa orange peel #f ounces ,c9namon #c_/d ounce ,mace #b #a_/b dra*ms ,alcohol #c #a_/b p9ts ,wat] #d #a_/b p9ts ,sug> #ab ounces ,mix ! fir/ ?ree +r$i5ts & r$uce !m to a co>se p[d]1 !n mix ) ! alcohol & #d p9ts ( wat] & mac]ate = #h days ) an occasional agitation1 express1 add ! sug> & en\gh wat] to make a gallon ( f9i%$ product4 ,filt] cle>4 ,,ii4--,curacoa or bitt] orange peel #b ounces ,cloves #hj gra9s ,c9namon #hj gra9s ,co*9eal #fj gra9s ,oil ( orange 7be/7 #a dra*m ,orange-fl[] wat] #a_/b p9t ,holl& g9 #a p9t ,alcohol #b p9ts ,sug> #c p9ts ,wat]1 q4 s4 #a gallon ,r$uce ! solids to a co>se p[d]1 add ! alcohol & mac]ate #c days4 ,!n add ! oil1 g91 & #c p9ts ( wat] & cont9ue ! mac]ation = #h days m1 agitat+ once a day1 /ra9 & add sug> dissolv$ 9 balance ( ! wat]4 ,!n add ! orange-fl[] wat] & filt]4 ,kola ,cordial4-- ,kola nuts1 roa/$ & p[d]$ #g ounces ,co*9eal p[d] #cj gra9s ,extract ( vanilla #c dra*ms ,arrac #c ounces ,sug> #g p\nds ,alcohol #f p9ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #f p9ts ,mac]ate kola & co*9eal ) alcohol = #aj days1 agitate daily1 add arrac1 vanilla1 & sug> dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,filt]4 ,kmmel ,cordials4-- ,i4--,oil ( c>away #cj drops ,oil ( pepp]m9t #c drops ,oil ( lemon #c drops ,acetic e!r #cj drops ,_s ( nitr\s e!r #cj drops ,sug> #gb ounces ,alcohol #if ounces ,wat] #if ounces ,dissolve ! oils & e!rs 9 ! alcohol1 & ! sug> 9 ! wat]4 ,mix & filt]4 ,,ii4--,oil ( c>away #bj drops ,oil ( sweet f5nel #b drops ,oil ( c9namon #a drop ,sug> #ad ounces ,alcohol #b p9ts ,wat] #d p9ts ,prep>e z 9 ,=mula ,i4 ,orange ,cordials4--,_m ( ! prep>ations sold "u ?is "n are n really orange cordials1 b are v>y+ mixtures ( unc]ta9 composition1 possibly flavor$ ) orange4 ,! foll[+ are made by ! use ( oranges3 ,i4--,sug> #h avoirdupois p\nds ,wat] #b #c_/d gallons ,oranges #ae ,dissolve ! sug> 9 ! wat] by ! aid ( a g5tle heat1 express ! oranges1 add ! juice & r9ds to ! syrup1 put ! mixture into a cask1 keep ! :ole 9 a w>m place = #c or #d days1 /irr+ frequ5tly1 !n close ! cask1 set aside 9 a cool cell> & draw (f ! cle> liquid4 ,,ii4--,express ! juice f sweet oranges1 add wat] equal to ! volume #gfe ( juice obta9$1 & mac]ate ! express$ oranges ) ! juice & wat] = ab\t #ab h\rs4 ,= ea* gallon ( juice1 add #a p\nd ( granulat$ sug>1 grape sug>1 or glucose1 put ! :ole into a suitable vessel1 cov]+ to exclude ! du/1 place 9 a w>m location until f]m5tation is complet$1 draw (f ! cle> liquid1 & pres]ve 9 well-/opp]$ /\t bottles 9 a cool place4 ,,iii4--,orange w9e suitable = 8soda0 purposes may be prep>$ by mix+ #c fluid\nces ( orange ess5ce ) #ac fluid\nces ( sweet ,catawba or o!r mild w9e4 ,"s syrup may be add$ to ?is if desir$4 ,rose ,cordial4-- ,oil ( rose1 v be/ #c drops ,palm>osa oil #c drops ,sug> #bh ounces ,alcohol #eb ounces ,di/ill$ wat]1 q4 s4 #h p9ts ,dissolve ! sug> 9 ! wat] & ! oils 9 ! alcohol2 mix ! solutions1 color a rose t9t1 & filt] cle>4 ,spe>m9t ,cordial4-- ,oil ( spe>m9t #cj drops ,sug> #bh ounces ,alcohol #eb ounces ,di/ill$ wat]1 q4 s4 #h p9ts ,dissolve ! sug> 9 ! wat] & ! oil 9 ! alcohol2 mix ! two solutions1 color gre51 & filt] cle>4 ,abs9!4-- ,i4--,oil ( wormwood #if drops ,oil ( /> anise #gb drops ,oil ( anise$ #dh drops ,oil ( cori&] #dh drops ,oil ( f5nel1 pure #dh drops ,oil ( angelica root #bd drops ,oil ( ?yme #bd drops ,alcohol 7pure7 #afb fluid\nces ,di/ill$ wat] #cj fluid\nces ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol1 add ! wat]1 color gre51 & filt] cle>4 ,,ii4--,oil ( wormwood #cf drops ,oil ( orange peel #cj drops ,oil ( /> anise #ab drops ,oil ( n]oli petate #e drops ,fre% oil ( lemon #i drops ,acetic e!r #bd drops ,sug> #cj avoirdupois ounces ,alcohol1 deodoriz$ #ij fluid\nces ,di/ill$ wat] #gh fluid\nces ,dissolve ! oils & e!r 9 ! alcohol & ! sug> 9 ! wat]2 !n mix ?or\ghly1 color gre51 & filt] cle>4 ,,detannat+ ,,w9e4 ,accord+ to ,casp>i1 ! pres5ce ( appreciable quantities ( tann9 9 w9e is decid$ly objectionable if ! w9e is to be us$ 9 connection ) iron & o!r metallic salts2 moreov]1 tann9 is incompatible ) alkaloids1 & h5ce w9e n depriv$ ( its tann9 %\ld nev] be us$ z a m5/ruum = alkaloidal drugs4 ,! process ( free+ w9es f tann9 is t]m$ detannation1 & is a v simple op]ation4 ,! easie/ plan is to add #a_/b ounce ( gelat9 9 numb] #dj or numb] #fj p[d] to #a gallon ( ! w9e1 to agitate occasionally dur+ #bd or #dh h\rs1 & !n to filt]4 ,! op]ation is pref]ably c>ri$ out dur+ cold wea!r or 9 a cold ap>tm5t1 z heat w cause ! gelat9 to dissolve1 & ! mac]ation mu/ be cont9u$ until a small portion ( ! w9e mix$ ) a few drops ( f]ric *loride solution %[s no d>k5+ ( color4 ,gelat9 9 l>ge pieces is n suitable1 especially ) w9es conta9+ mu* tann91 s9ce ! newly =m$ tannate ( gelat9 w be deposit$ on ! surface & prev5t fur!r intimate contact ( ! gelat9 ) ! w9e4 ,=m]ly fre%ly prep>$ f]ric hydroxide 0 mu* employ$ = detannat+ w9e1 b ! *ief objection to its use 0 due to ! fact t "s iron inv>iably 0 tak5 up by ! acid pres5t 9 ! w9e2 moreov]1 ! process 0 m t$i\s ?an 9 ! case ( gelat94 ,z ! removal ( tann9 f w9e 9 no way int]f]es ) its quality--alcoholic /r5g? & aroma rema9+ ! same1 & only color+ matt] be+ lo/--a supply ( detannat$ w9e %\ld be kept on h&1 = x requires v little m labor to detannate a gallon ?an a p9t4 ,if f]ric hydroxide is to be us$1 x mu/ be fre%ly prep>$1 & a conv5i5t quantity !n be add$ to ! w9e--ab\t #h ounces ( ! express$1 b moi/1 precipitate to a gallon4 ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,f]m5tation4 ,f]m5tation may be prev5t$ 9 ei!r ( two ways3 7#a7 ,by *emical me?ods1 :i* consi/ 9 ! addition ( g]m poisons or antiseptics1 :i* ei!r kill ! g]ms or prev5t _! gr[?4 ,( ^! ! pr9cipal ones us$ are salicylic1 sulphur\s1 boracic1 & b5zoic acids1 =mal91 fluorides1 & sac*>9e4 ,z ^! sub/ances are g5]ally reg>d$ z adult]ants & injuri\s1 _! use is n recomm5d$4 7#b7 ,! g]ms are ei!r remov$ by #gff "s me*anical means su* z a filt]+ or a c5trifugal app>atus1 or !y are de/roy$ by heat or electricity4 ,heat has s f> be5 f\nd ! mo/ practical4 ,:5 a liquid is heat$ to a suffici5tly high temp]ature all organisms 9 x are kill$4 ,! degree ( heat requir$1 h[ev]1 diff]s n only ) ! p>ticul> k9d ( organism1 b also ) ! liquid 9 :i* x is held4 ,"t is also a factor4 ,an organism may n be kill$ if heat$ to a high temp]ature & quickly cool$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! temp]ature is kept at ! same high degree = "s "t1 x w be kill$4 ,x mu/ also be borne 9 m9d t fungi1 includ+ yea/s1 exi/ 9 ! gr[+ & ! re/+ /ates1 ! latt] be+ mu* m resi/ant ?an ! =m]4 ,"o *>act]i/ic ( ! fungi & _! spores is _! great resi/ance to heat :5 dry4 ,9 ?is /ate !y c be heat$ to #bab ,f4 )\t be+ kill$4 ,! spores ( ! common mold are ev5 m resi/ant4 ,?is %\ld be well consid]$ 9 /]iliz+ bottles & corks1 :i* %\ld be /eam$ to #bdj ,f4 = at lea/ #ae m9utes4 ,practical te/s s f> made indicate t grape juice c be safely /]iliz$ at f #afe to #agf ,f4 ,at ?is temp]ature ! flavor is h>dly *ang$1 :ile at a temp]ature mu* above #bjj ,f4 x is4 ,?is is an important po9t1 z ! flavor & quality ( ! product dep5d on x4 ,use only clean1 s\nd1 well-rip5$1 b n ov]-ripe grapes4 ,if an ord9>y cid] mill is at h&1 x may be us$ = cru%+ & press+1 or ! grapes may be cru%$ & press$ ) ! h&s4 ,if a light-color$ juice is desir$1 put ! cru%$ grapes 9 a cleanly wa%$ clo? sack & tie up4 ,!n ei!r hang up securely & twi/ x or let two p]sons take hold1 "o on ea* end ( ! sack & twi/ until ! great] "p ( ! juice is express$4 ,next gradually heat ! juice 9 a d\ble boil] or a l>ge /one j> 9 a pan ( hot wat]1 s t ! juice does n come 9 direct contact ) ! fire at a temp]ature ( #ahj to #bjj ,f41 nev] above #bjj ,f4 ,x is be/ to use a !rmomet]1 b if !re be none at h& heat ! juice until x /eams1 b d n all[ x to boil4 ,put x 9 a glass or enamel$ vessel to settle = #bd h\rs2 c>efully dra9 ! juice f ! s$im5t1 & run x ?r\gh sev]al ?icknesses ( clean flannel1 or a conic filt] made f wool5 clo? or felt may be us$4 ,?is filt] is fix$ to a hoop ( iron1 :i* c be susp5d$ :]ev] necess>y4 ,aft] ?is fill into clean bottles4 ,d n fill entirely1 b leave room = ! liquid to exp& :5 aga9 heat$4 ,fit a ?9 bo>d ov] ! bottom ( an ord9>y wa% boil]1 set ! fill$ bottles 7ord9>y glass fruit j>s are j z good7 9 x1 fill 9 ) wat] ar\nd ! bottles to )9 ab\t an in* ( ! tops1 & gradually heat until x is ab\t to simm]4 ,!n take ! bottles out & cork or seal imm$iately4 ,x is a good idea to take ! fur!r precaution ( seal+ ! corks ov] ) seal+ wax or p>aff9e to prev5t mold g]ms f ent]+ ?r\gh ! corks4 ,%\ld x be desir$ to make r$ juice1 heat ! cru%$ grapes to n above #bjj ,f41 /ra9 ?r\gh a clean clo? or drip bag 7no pressure %\ld be us$71 set away to cool & settle1 & proce$ ! same z ) light-color$ juice4 ,_m p d n ev5 g to ! tr\ble ( lett+ ! juice settle aft] /ra9+ x1 b reheat & seal x up imm$iately1 simply sett+ ! vessel away 9 a cool place 9 an upright position :]e !y w be undi/urb$4 ,! juice is ?us all[$ to settle1 & :5 want$ = use ! cle> juice is simply tak5 (f ! s$im5t4 ,any p]son famili> ) ! process ( cann+ fruit c also pres]ve grape juice1 = ! pr9ciples involv$ are id5tical4 ,"o ( ! lead+ defects s f> f\nd 9 unf]m5t$ juice is t mu* ( x is n cle>1 a condition :i* v mu* detracts f its o!rwise attractive appe>ance1 & due to two causes already allud$ to4 ,ei!r ! f9al /]ilization 9 bottles has be5 at a high] temp]ature ?an ! prec$+ "o1 or ! juice has n be5 prop]ly filt]$ or has n be5 filt]$ at all4 ,9 o!r cases ! juice has be5 /]iliz$ at su* a high temp]ature t x has a disagreeable scor*$ ta/e4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t attempts to /]ilize at a temp]ature above #aie ,f4 are dang]\s s f> z ! flavor ( ! f9i%$ product is conc]n$4 ,ano!r s]i\s mi/ake is sometimes made by putt+ ! juice into bottles s l>ge t mu* ( x becomes spoil$ be=e x is us$ aft] ! bottles are op5$4 ,unf]m5t$ grape juice prop]ly made & bottl$ w keep indef9itely1 if x is n expos$ to ! atmosph]e or mold g]ms2 b :5 a bottle is once op5$ x %\ld1 l cann$ goods1 be us$ z soon z possible to keep f spoil+4 ,ano!r me?od ( mak+ unf]m5t$ grape juice1 :i* is (t5 #gfg resort$ to :]e a suffici5tly l>ge quantity is made at "o "t1 consi/s 9 ?is3 ,take a clean keg or b>rel 7"o t has previ\sly be5 made sweet74 ,lay ?is ^u a skid consi/+ ( two scantl+s or pieces ( timb] ( p]haps #bj feet long1 9 su* a mann] z to make a runway4 ,!n take a sulphur mat*1 made by dipp+ /rips ( clean musl9 ab\t #a in* wide & #aj in*es long into melt$ brim/one1 cool x & atta* x to a piece ( wire fa/5$ 9 ! l[] end ( a bung & b5t ov] at ! end1 s z to =m a hook4 ,light ! mat* & by means ( ! wire susp5d x 9 ! b>rel1 bung ! b>rel up tight1 & all[ x to burn z long z x w4 ,repeat ?is until fre% sulphur mat*es w no long] burn 9 ! b>rel4 ,!n take en\gh fre% grape juice to fill ! b>rel "o-?ird full1 bung up tight1 roll & agitate viol5tly on ! skid = a few m9utes4 ,next burn m sulphur mat*es 9 x until no m w burn1 fill 9 m juice until ! b>rel is ab\t two-?irds full2 agitate & roll aga94 ,repeat ! burn+ process z be=e1 aft] :i* fill ! b>rel completely ) grape juice & roll4 ,! b>rel %\ld !n be bung$ tightly & /or$ 9 a cool place ) ! bung up1 & s secur$ t ! package _c be %ak54 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks ! juice w h become cle> & c !n be rack$ (f & fill$ into bottles or j>s direct1 /]iliz$1 & cork$ or seal$ up ready = use4 ,by ?is me?od1 h[ev]1 unless skillfully h&l$1 ! juice is apt to h a slight ta/e ( ! sulphur4 ,! foll[+ are ! compon5t p>ts ( a ,cali=nia & a ,concord unf]m5t$ grape juice3 ,concord ,cali=nia ,p] ,p] ,c5t ,c5t ,solid cont5ts #bj4cg #bj4fj ,total acids 7z t>t>ic7 4#ffc 4#ec ,volatile acids 4#jbc 4#jc ,grape sug> #ah4ed #ai4ae ,free t>t>ic acids 4#jbe 4#jg ,a% 4#bee 4#ai ,phosphoric acids 4#jbg 4#jd ,cream ( t>t> 4#ee 4#ei ,?is table is int]e/+ 9 s f> t ! ,cali=nia unf]m5t$ grape juice 0 made f ,v9if]as or =eign v>ieties1 :]eas ! ,concord 0 a ,labruska or "o ( ! ,am]ican sorts4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ta/e & smell is ev5 m pron\nc$ ?an ! analysis w\ld indicate4 ,small quantities ( grape juice may be pres]v$ 9 bottles4 ,fruit is likely to be du/y & to be soil$ 9 o!r ways1 & grapes1 l o!r fruits1 %\ld be well wa%$ be=e us+4 ,leaves or o!r extrane\s matt] %\ld also be remov$4 ,! juice is obta9$ by mod]ate pressure 9 an ord9>y screw press1 & /ra9$ ?r\gh felt4 ,by g5tly heat+1 ! album9\s matt] is coagulat$ & may be skimm$ (f1 & fur!r cl>ification may be effect$ by filt]+ ?r\gh pap]1 b su* filtration mu/ be done z rapidly z possible1 us+ a numb] ( filt]s & exclud+ ! air z mu* z possible4 ,! juice s obta9$ may be pres]v$ by /]ilization1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,put ! juice 9 ! bottles 9 :i* x is to be kept1 fill+ !m v ne>ly full2 place ! bottles1 un/opp]$1 9 a kettle fill$ ) cold wat]1 s arrang+ !m on a wood5 p]=at$ 8false bottom0 or o!r l contrivance z to prev5t _! imm$iate contact ) ! metal1 ?is prev5t+ unequal heat+ & possible fracture4 ,n[ heat ! wat]1 gradually rais+ ! temp]ature to ! boil+ po9t1 & ma9ta9 at t until ! juice atta9s a boil+ temp]ature2 !n close ! bottles ) p]fectly fitt+ corks1 :i* h be5 kept imm]s$ 9 boil+ wat] = a %ort "t be=e use4 ,! corks %\ld n be fa/5$ 9 any way1 =1 if ! /]ilization is n complete1 f]m5tation & consequ5t explosion ( ! bottle may occur unless ! cork %\ld be =c$ out4 ,if ! juice is to be us$ = syrup1 z = use at ! soda f\nta91 ! be/ me?od is to make a conc5trat$ syrup at once1 us+ ab\t #b p\nds ( ref9$ sug> to #a p9t ( juice1 dissolv+ by a g5tle heat4 ,?is syrup may be made by simple agitation )\t heat2 & a f9] flavor ?us results1 b its keep+ quality w\ld be unc]ta94 ,! juices f\nd 9 ! m>ket are frequ5tly pres]v$ by means ( antiseptics1 b s f> none h be5 propos$ = ?is purpose :i* c be consid]$ entirely :olesome4 ,physiological exp]im5ts h %[n t :ile bodies suit$ = ?is purpose may be app>5tly )\t bad effect at fir/1 _! repeat$ +e/ion is likely to cause ga/ric di/urbance4 ,,sp>kl+ ,,w9es4 ,an app>atus = conv]t+ /ill into foam+ w9es1 & do+ ?is effici5tly1 simply1 & rapidly1 consi/s ( a v]tical /eel tube1 :i* turns on an axis1 & #gfh be>s sev]al adju/able glass globes t are 9 connection ) ea* o!r by means ( di/ribut+ valves1 ! latt] be+ ( silv]-plat$ bronze4 ,! glass globes s]ve z conta9]s = c>bonic acid1 & are kept suppli$ ) ?is gas f a cyl9d] connect$ !re)4 ,! w9e to be impregnat$ ) ! acid is tak5 f a cask1 ?r\gh a special tube1 :i* also produces a light pressure ( c>bonic acid on ! cask1 ! object ( :i* is to prev5t ! access ( atmosph]ic air to ! w9e )91 &1 besides1 to cause ! liquid to pass into ! bottle )\t j> or /roke4 ,! bottles /& "u ! di/ribut+ valves1 or lev]s1 plac$ above & bel[ !m4 ,n[1 if ! cock1 by means ( :i* ! glass bulbs & ! bottles are br\ght into connection1 is slightly op5$1 & ! desir$ lev] is put 9 action1 ! c>bonic acid at once =ces ! air out ( ! bottles1 & /]ilizes !m4 ,! upp] bottles are n[ gradually fill$4 ,! :ole app>atus1 includ+ ! fill$ bottles1 is n[ tilt$ ov]1 & ! w9e1 ( its own weight1 fl[s ?r\gh collectors fill$ ) c>bonic acid1 & passes1 impregnat$ ) ! gas1 into o!r bottles plac$ bel[4 ,ea* bottle is fill$ 9 c\rse1 ! "t requir$ = ea* be+ "s #de seconds4 ,! saturation ( ! liquid ) c>bonic acid is s complete & pl5tiful t !re is no ne$ ( hurry 9 cork+4 ,by means ( ?is app>atus any desir$ /ill w9e is at once conv]t$ into a sp>kl+ "o1 pres]v+ at ! same "t its own peculi>ities ( ta/e1 b\quet1 etc4 ,! app>atus may be us$ equally well ^u fruit juices1 milk1 &1 9 fact1 any k9d ( liquid1 its extreme simplicity p]mitt+ ( easy & rapid cleans+4 ,,artificial ,,fr5* ,,br&y4 ,i4--,! foll[+ is ,eug5e ,diet]i*'s =mula = ,spiritus v9i ,gallici artificialis3 ,t9cture ( gallapples #aj p>ts ,aromatic t9cture #e p>ts ,purifi$ wood v9eg> #e p>ts ,_s ( nitr\s e!r #aj p>ts ,acetic e!r #a "p ,alcohol1 #fh p] c5t #egj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat] #djj p>ts ,mix1 add+ ! wat] la/1 let /& = sev]al days1 !n filt]4 ,,ii4--,! ,mn*5] ,apo!k] ,v]e9 has adopt$ ! foll[+ =mula = ! same ?+3 ,acetic acid1 dilute1 #ij p] c5t #d p>ts ,acetic e!r #d p>ts ,t9cture aromatic #dj p>ts ,cognac ess5ce #dj p>ts ,_s ( nitr\s e!r #bj p>ts ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #e1jjj p>ts ,wat]1 di/ill$ #b1ejj p>ts ,add ! acids1 e!rs1 etc41 to ! alcohol1 & f9ally add ! wat]4 ,let /& sev]al days1 &1 if necess>y1 filt]4 ,,iii4--,! ,b]l9 ,apo!c>ies h adopt$ ! foll[+ z a magi/ral =mula3 ,aromatic t9cture #d p>ts ,_s ( nitr\s e!r #e p>ts ,alcohol1 #ij p] c5t #a1jjj p>ts ,di/ill$ wat]1 quantity suffici5t to make #b1jjj p>ts ,mix ! t9cture & e!r ) ! alcohol1 add ! wat] & = e ounce add "o drop ( t9cture ( rhatany4 ,( ^! =mulas ! fir/ is to be pref]r$ z a close imitation ( ! ta/e ( ! g5u9e article4 ,to imitate ! color use burnt sug>4 ,,liqueurs4 ,_m are famili> ) ! prop]ties ( liqueurs b believe !m to be v complex & ev5 my/]i\s comp\nds4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 due to ! fact t ! =mulas are ( =eign orig9 & _m ( !m h be5 kept m or less secret = "s "t4 ,ow+ to ! peculi> comb9ation ( ! b\quet oils & flavors1 x is impossible to make accurate analyses ( !m4 ,b by ! use ( =mulas n[ giv51 ^! products seem to be v ne>ly duplicat$4 ,x is necess>y to use ! be/ sug> & oils obta9able 9 ! prep>ation ( ! liqueurs4 ,z !re are s _m grades ( ess5tial oils on ! m>ket1 x is difficult to obta9 ! be/ indirectly4 ,! value ( ! cordials is enhanc$ by ! ri*ness & odor & flavor ( ! oils1 s only ! be/ qualities %\ld be us$4 ,= filt]+1 flannel or felt is valuable4 ,flannel is *eap] & m easily wa%$4 ,x is necess>y to return filtrate sev]al times ) any ( ! filt]+ m$ia4 ,z a cl>ify+ ag5t talcum all[$ to /& sev]al days acts well4 ,^! rules are common to all4 #gfi ,! op]ations are all simple3 ,fir/3 ,heat all mixtures4 ,second3 ,keep ! product 9 ! d>k4 ,?ird3 ,keep 9 w>m place4 ,! liqueurs are heat$ to rip5 ! b\quet flavor1 x hav+ effect simil> to age4 ,to protect ! e!real oils1 air & light are exclud$2 h5ce x is recomm5d$ t ! bottles be fill$ to ! /opp]4 ,! liqueurs ta/e be/ at a temp]ature n exce$+ #ee ,f4 ,!y are all improv$ ) age1 especially _m ( ! b\quet oils4 ,bndict9e4-- ,i4--,bitt] almonds #dj grams ,p[d]$ nutmeg #d4ejj grams ,extract vanilla #abj grams ,p[d]$ cloves #b grams ,lemons1 slic$ #b grams ,true saffron 4#fjj grams ,sug> #b1jjj grams ,boil+ milk #a1jjj c4c4 ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #b1jjj c4c4 ,di/ill$ wat] #b1ejj c4c4 ,mix4 ,let /& #i days ) occasional agitation4 ,filt] suffici5tly4 ,,ii4--,ess5ce ,bndict9e #ge c4c ,alcohol1 #ie p] c5t #a1gjj c4c4 ,mix4 ,sug> #a1gej grams ,wat]1 di/ill$ #a1fjj c4c4 ,mix toge!r1 :5 cle> solution ( sug> is obta9$4 ,color ) c>amel4 ,filt] suffici5tly4 ,,note4--,?is liqueur %\ld be at lea/ #a ye> old be=e us$4 ,ess5ce ,bndict9e = ,bndict9e ,no4 ,,ii4-- ,i4--,myrrh #a "p ,decorticat$ c>damom #a "p ,mace #a "p ,g+] #aj p>ts ,galanga root #aj p>ts ,orange peel 7cut7 #aj p>ts ,extract aloe #d p>ts ,alcohol #afj p>ts ,wat] #hj p>ts ,mix1 mac]ate #aj days & filt]4 ,,ii4--,extract licorice #bj p>ts ,sweet spirits nit] #bjj p>ts ,acetic e!r #cj p>ts ,spirits ammonia #a "p ,c\m>9 4#ab p>ts ,vanill9 #a "p ,,iii4--,oil lemon #c drops ,oil orange peel #c drops ,oil wormwood #b4e drops ,oil galanga #b drops ,oil g+] #a drop ,oil anise #ae drops ,oil casc>illa #ae drops ,oil bitt] almond #ab drops ,oil milfoil #aj drops ,oil sassafras #g drops ,oil angelica #f drops ,oil hyssop #d drops ,oil c>damom #b drops ,oil hops #b drops ,oil junip] #a drop ,oil rosem>y #a drop ,mix ,a1 ,b1 & ,c4 ,,note4--,?is ess5ce %\ld /& #b ye>s be=e be+ us$ = liqueurs4 ,*>treuse4--,i4--,elixir vgtal de la ,gr&e ,*>treuse4 ,fre% balm m9t h]bs #fd p>ts ,fre% hyssop h]bs #fd p>ts ,angelica h]bs & root1 fre%1 toge!r #cb p>ts ,c9namon #af p>ts ,saffron #d p>ts ,mace #d p>ts ,subject ! above +r$i5ts to mac]ation = a week ) alcohol 7#if p] c5t71 #a1jjj p>ts1 !n squeeze (f & di/ill ! liquid obta9$ ov] a c]ta9 quantity ( fre% h]bs ( balm & hyssop4 ,aft] #abe p>ts ( sug> h be5 add$ to ! resultant liqueur1 filt]4 ,! g5u9e ,*>treuse comes 9 ?ree diff]5t colors1 viz41 gre51 :ite1 & yell[4 ,! coloration1 h[ev]1 is n artificial1 b is det]m9$ by ! addition ( v>y+ quantities ( fre% h]bs 9 ! di/illation4 ,b s9ce x w\ld require long & t$i\s trials to produce ! "r color 9 a small manufacture1 ! yell[ %ade is be/ imp>t$ by a little t9cture ( saffron1 & ! gre5 "o by ! addition ( a few drops ( indigo solution4 ,,ii4--,eau des ,c>mes #c #a_/b ounces ,alcohol #a qu>t ,di/ill$ wat] #a qu>t ,sug> #a #a_/b p\nds ,t9cture ( saffron #a ounce ,mix4 ,dissolve sug> 9 w>m wat]1 cool1 /ra91 add rema9d] ( +r$i5ts1 & filt]4 ,?is is kn[n z yell[ ,*>treuse4 #ggj ,curaao ,liqueur4-- ,a4--,oil lemon1 q4 s4 #aj drops ,oil bitt] almond1 q4 s4 #e drops ,oil curaoa orange #ae p>ts ,oil sweet orange #a "p ,oil bitt] orange #a "p ,co*9eal #a "p ,fr5* br&y #ej p>ts ,b4--,alcohol #d1ejj p>ts ,c4--,sug> #c1ejj p>ts ,wat] 7di/ill$7 #d1jjj p>ts ,mix ,a1 ,b1 & ,c4 ,filt]4 ,color ) c>amel4 ,may ,b[l or ,may ,w9e4--,! pr9cipal +r$i5t ( ,may b[l1 or t :i* gives x its flavor & b\quet1 is fre% ,waldmei/]kraut 7,asp]ula odorata71 ! 8woodruff0 or 8sweet grass10 8/> grass10 & a doz5 o!r aliases1 ( a plant gr[+ wild all ov] ,europe1 bo? cont95tal & insul>1 & cultivat$ by "s g>d5]s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is accr$it$ ) be+ a diuretic1 deob/ru5t & hepatic /imulant1 ( no mean ord]1 ?\gh x has long be5 bani%$ f ! ph>macopia4 ,9 ,bad5 & 9 ,bav>ia 9 prep>+ ,maitrank ! practice 0 =m]ly to fir/ make an ess5ce--,maitrankess5z1 = ! prep>ation ( :i* e h\sewife _h a =mula ( h] own4 ,! foll[+ 0 t g5]ally us$ 9 ! s\? ( ,g]many3 ,i4--,fre%1 budd+ woodruff1 cut f9e #ejj p>ts ,alcohol1 comm]cial 7#ij p] c5t7 #a1jjj p>ts ,dige/ toge!r = #ad days1 !n filt] & press (f4 ,_m add to ?is "s flavor+ oil4 ,z c\m>9 has be5 f\nd to be ! pr9ciple to :i* ! ,waldmei/] owes its odor1 _m add to ! above ,tonka bean1 *opp$ f9e1 #a "p to ! ?\s&4 ,f ab\t #ab to #ae dra*ms ( ?is ess5ce is add$ to make a gallon ( ! w9e1 :i* has ab\t ! foll[+ =mula3 ,fr5* br&y1 say #d dra*ms ,oil ( unripe oranges #hj drops ,sug> #d to #h ounces ,ess5ce #ab dra*ms ,w9e to make #a gallon ,,ii4--,take en\gh good woodruff 7,waldmei/]7 ( f9e aroma & flavor4 ,remove all p>ts t w n add to ! excell5ce ( ! product1 su* z wilt$1 dead1 or imp]fect leaves1 /ems1 etc41 & wa% ! residue ?or\ghly 9 cold wat]1 & ) z little pressure z possible4 ,n[ *oose a flask ) a neck suffici5tly wide to receive ! /ems )\t press+ or bruis+ !m1 & let ! pieces fall into x4 ,p\r 9 suffici5t /rong alcohol 7#if p] c5t7 to cov] ! h]bs completely4 ,9 f #cj to #dj m9utes ! entire aroma is tak5 up by ! alcohol1 :i* takes on a beautiful gre5 color1 :i*1 un=tunately1 does n la/1 disappe>+ 9 a few days1 b )\t affect+ ! aroma 9 ! lea/4 ,! alcohol %\ld n[ be p\r$ (f1 = if left to mac]ate long]1 :ile x w\ld ga9 9 aroma1 x w also take up a c]ta9 bitt] pr9ciple t detracts f ! delicacy ( flavor & aroma4 ,! extract is n[ p\r$ on a fre% quantity ( ! h]b1 & cont9ue proce$+ 9 ?is mann] until a suffici5tly conc5trat$ extract is obta9$ to give aroma to #ajj times its weight ( w9e or cid]4 ,,iii4--,fre% woodruff1 9 bloom or fl[]1 is fre$ f ! l[] "p ( its /em & leaves1 & also ( all =eign or in]t matt]4 ,! h]b is !n lightly /uck into a wide-m\? bottle1 & cov]$ ) /rong alcohol4 ,aft] #cj m9utes p\r (f ! liquor on fre% woodruff4 ,9 ano!r half h\r ! ess5ce is ready1 ?\gh x %\ld n be us$ imm$iately4 ,x %\ld be kept at cell> heat 7ab\t #fj ,f47 = a few days1 or until ! gre5 color vani%es4 ,any addition to ! ess5ce ( aromatics1 su* z orange peel1 lemons1 spices1 etc41 is to be avoid$4 ,to prep>e ! ,maitrank1 add ! ess5ce to any good :ite w9e1 ta/+ & te/+1 until ! flavor suits4 ,! foll[+ are o!r =mulas = ! dr9k3 ,,iv4--,good :ite w9e or cid] #fe p>ts ,alcohol1 dilute #bj p>ts ,sug> #aj p>ts ,maitrankess5z #a "p ,mix4 ,m>as*9o ,liqueur4-- ,oil bitt] almonds #ae m9ims ,ess5ce vanilla #a dra*m ,jasm9e extract #b drops ,raspb]ry ess5ce #aj drops ,oil n]oli #aj drops ,oil lemon #ae m9ims ,spirits nitr\s e!r #b dra*ms ,alcohol #f p9ts ,sug> #h p\nds ,rose wat] #aj ounces ,wat] suffici5t to make #b gallons ,make a liquor 9 ! usual mann]4 ,to ,cl>ify ,liqueurs4--,= ! cl>ification ( turbid liqueurs1 burnt #gga p[d]$ alum is frequ5tly employ$4 ,make a trial ) #bjj p>ts ( ! dim liqueur1 to :i* #a4e p>ts ( burnt p[d]$ alum is add$2 %ake well & let /& until ! liquid is cle>4 ,!n decant & filt] ! la/ portion4 ,if ! trial is successful1 ! :ole /ock may be cl>ifi$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,,m$ic9al ,,w9es3 ,beef & ,iron4--,! foll[+ =mula is recomm5d$ by ! ,am]ican ,ph>maceutical ,association3 ,i4--,extract ( beef #ce grams ,t9cture ( citro-*loride ( iron #ce c4c4 ,comp\nd _s ( orange #a c4c4 ,hot wat] #fj c4c4 ,alcohol #abe c4c4 ,syrup #abe c4c4 ,%]ry w9e suffici5t to make #a1jjj c4c4 ,rub ! extract ( beef ) ! hot wat]1 & add1 :ile /irr+1 ! alcohol4 ,all[ to /& #c days or m1 !n filt] & di/ill (f ! alcohol4 ,add to ! residue #gej cubic c5timet]s ( ! w9e1 to :i* ! comp\nd _s ( orange has be5 previ\sly add$4 ,f9ally add ! t9cture ( citro-*loride ( iron1 syrup1 & en\gh w9e to make #a1jjj cubic c5timet]s4 ,filt] if necess>y4 ,,ii4--,= ,p\ltry & ,/ock4--,a good =mula = w9e ( beef & iron is z foll[s3 ,beef extract #bef gra9s ,t9cture ( iron citro-*loride #bef m9ims ,hot wat] #a fluid\nce ,%]ry w9e en\gh to make #a p9t ,p\r ! hot wat] 9 ! beef extract & triturate until a smoo? mixture is made4 ,to ?is add1 gradually & "u con/ant /irr+1 #ab ounces ( ! w9e4 ,add n[1 "u same conditions1 ! iron1 /ir 9 well1 & f9ally add ! rema9d] ( ! w9e4 ,c9*ona4--,i4--,mac]ate #ajj p>ts ( c9*ona succirubra 9 co>se p[d] = #cj m9utes 9 #ajj p>ts ( boil+ wat]4 ,/ra9 (f ! liquor & set aside4 ,mac]ate ! residuum 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( ,cali=nia ,malaga = #bd h\rs1 /ra9 (f ! liquid & set aside4 ,f9ally mac]ate ! magma 9 #ejj p>ts ( alcohol1 ( #ej p] c5t1 = #a h\r1 /ra9 (f & set aside4 ,wa% ! residue ) a little wat] to recov] all ! alcoholic t9cture2 !n unite all ! liquids1 let /& = #bd h\rs1 & filt]4 ,to ! filtrate add #hjj p>ts loaf sug> & dissolve by ! aid ( g5tle heat & aga9 filt]4 ,! product is all t c\ld be ask$ ( a w9e ( c9*ona4 ,to make a f]rat$ w9e ( ?is1 dissolve #a "p ( citro-ammoniacal pyrophosphate ( iron to e #a1jjj p>ts ( w9e4 ,,ii4--,yvon recomm5ds ! foll[+ =mula3 ,r$ c9*ona1 co>se p[d] #e p>ts ,alcohol1 #fj p] c5t #aj p>ts ,dilut$ hydro*loric acid #a "p ,bordeaux w9e #ajj p>ts ,mac]ate ! b>k ) ! acid & alcohol = #f days1 %ak+ f "t to "t1 add ! w9e1 mac]ate = #bd h\rs1 agitat+ frequ5tly1 !n filt]4 ,removal ( ,mu/y ,ta/e & ,smell f ,w9e4--,= ! removal ( ?is unpleasant quality1 ,kulis* recomm5ds ! use ( a piece ( *>coal ( ab\t ! size ( a hazel nut--#e to #aj p>ts p] #a1jjj p>ts ( w9e4 ,aft] ?is has rema9$ 9 ! cask = #f to #h weeks1 & dur+ ?is "t has be5 treat$ once a week ) a *a9 or ) a /irr+ rod1 ! w9e c be rack$ (f4 ,ob/9ate turbidness1 z well z /alk ta/e & pot flavor1 c also be obviat$ by ! use ( ! rem$y4 ,,w9t]gre51 ,,to ,,di/+ui% ,,me?yl ,,salicylate ,,f ,,oil ,,(4 ,a quantity ( ! sample is mix$ 9 a te/ tube ) an equal volume ( pure conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 ,"u ^! conditions ! artificial comp\nd %[s no rise 9 temp]ature & acquires only a slight yell[i% t9t1 :ile ) ! natural oil !re is a m>k$ rise 9 temp]ature & ! mixture assumes a rose-r$ color1 gradually pass+ into d>k] %ades4 ,,wire ,,rope4 ,see also ,/eel4 ,a valuable anti-friction & pres]vative comp\nd = m9e cables is z foll[s3 ,sev5 p>ts s(t tall[ & #c p>ts plumbago1 mix$ ?or\ghly2 make a long1 holl[ box or tr\gh1 g\ge out a #d by #f piece ( scantl+ ab\t #b feet long1 saw+ x d[n l5g?wise & holl[+ out ! box or tr\gh en\gh to hold sev]al p\nds ( ! comp\nd1 mak+ also a hole l5g?wise ( ! #ggb tr\gh = ! cable to run ?r\gh2 !n affix to rope & clamp securely1 hav+ ! box or tr\gh s fix$ t x _c play1 & lett+ ! cable pass ?r\gh x :ile go+ up or d[n1 s t x w get a ?or\gh coat+4 ,?is1 x is f\nd1 w pres]ve a r\nd cable v well1 & c be us$ at lea/ once a week4 ,= a flat /eel cable raw l9se$ oil c be us$ in/ead ( ! tall[1 9 ab\t ! proportion ( #f p>ts oil & #c plumbago4 ,if t> is us$1 l9se$ oil is to be add$ to keep ! t> f adh]+1 bo? +r$i5ts to be mix$ :ile w>m4 ,to pres]ve wire rope laid "u gr\nd1 or "u wat]1 coat x ) a mixture ( m9]al t> & fre% slak$ lime 9 ! proportion ( #a bu%el ( lime to #a b>rel ( t>4 ,! mixture is to be boil$1 & ! rope saturat$ ) x :ile hot2 sawdu/ is sometimes add$ to give ! mixture body4 ,wire rope expos$ to ! wea!r is coat$ ) raw l9se$ oil1 or ) a pa9t compos$ ( equal p>ts ( ,spani% br[n or lampblack ) l9se$ oil4 ,,wire ,,h>d5+3 ,see ,/eel4 ,,wit*-,,hazel ,,jelly3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,wood ,,decorative ,,wood-,,f9i%4 ,pa9t or /5cil wood ) :ite-lime pa9t4 ,:5 x has dri$ sl[ly 9 ! %ade1 bru% x (f & a h&some d>k-br[n tone w be imp>t$ to ! oakwood4 ,"s portions :i* may be desir$ d>k] & r$d] are /a9$ aga9 ) lime1 :]eby ^! places become deep]4 ,x is ess5tial t ! lime be appli$ 9 ev5 ?ickness & dri$ sl[ly1 = only !n ! /a9+ w be r$ & uni=m4 ,aft] ! /a9+ saturate ! wood ) a mixture ( v>ni%1 #b p>ts2 oil ( turp5t9e1 #a "p2 turp5t9e1 #a_/b "p4 ,:5 ! oil gr\nd is dry apply #b coat+s ( pale amb] v>ni%4 ,color$ decorations on p9ewood c be produc$ z foll[s3 ,! mo/ difficult "p ( ! "w is to remove ! ros9 accumulations )\t caus+ a spot to appe>4 ,burn out ! places c>efully ) a r$-hot iron4 ,great c>e is necess>y to prev5t ! iron f sett+ ! ros9 on fire1 ?us caus+ black smoke cl\ds4 ,! result+ holes are fill$ up ) pla/] to :i* a little light o*] is add$ to imitate ! %ade ( ! wood z p]fectly z possible4 ,pla/] up no m ?an is necess>y4 ,rub ! wood d[n ) v f9e s&pap]1 tak+ especial c>e to rub only ) ! gra9 ( ! wood1 s9ce all cross scrat*es w rema9 p]man5tly visible4 ,aft] ?is prelim9>y "w cov] ! wood ) a solution ( :ite %ellac1 9 ord] n to injure ! h&some gold5 portions ( ! wood & to pres]ve ! pure light tone ( ! wood 9 g5]al4 ,on ?is %ellac gr\nd pa9t & /5cil ) glaz+ colors1 gr\nd ) is+lass solution4 ,! small]1 m delicate portions1 su* z fl[]s & figures1 are simply work$ out 9 wa% /yle ) wat] colors1 us+ ! tone ( ! wood to rema9 z high lights1 surr\nd+ ! :ole ) a black cont\r4 ,aft] ?is treatm5t ! panels & decorat$ p>ts are twice v>ni%$ ) damm> v>ni%4 ,! friezes & pila/] /rips are glaz$ d>k] & set (f ) /ripes2 to v>ni% !m use amb] v>ni%4 ,! /yle j m5tion$ does n exclude any o!r4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 a v good effect is produc$ by decorat+ ! panels only ) a black cov]+ color or ) black & transp>5t r$ 7burnt si5na & a little c>m9e7 aft] ! fa%ion ( b\le "w 9 ri* ornam5ts1 9 su* a way t ! natural wood =ms ! ma9 "p & yet q a consid]able portion ( ! ornam5t4 ,int>sia imitation is likewise well adapt$1 s9ce ! use ( v>iegat$ cov]+ colors is 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! decoration ( natural wood4 ,h[ x %\ld be appli$1 & h[ mu* ( x1 dep5ds ^u "o's ta/e1 z well z ! purpose & k9d ( ! object4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ! l>ge pores ( oak always look r sme>y1 accord+ to :e!r ! work%op is m or less du/y4 ,if ?is is to be avoid$1 :i* is ess5tial = neat "w1 take good :eat />*1 p\nd x f9e ) a hamm] & /ir by means ( a wood5 spatula good /rong poli% ) ! :eat />* to a pa/e & "w ! pa/e into ! pores by pass+ x cross-wise ov] ! wood4 ,aft] ab\t #a_/b h\r1 rub d[n ! wood ?us treat$ 9 su* a mann] t ! pores are fill$4 ,9 case any op5 pores rema91 repeat ! process z be=e4 ,aft] t1 rub d[n1 poli% or dead54 ,if ?is op]ation is n p]=m$1 ! pores w always look some:at dirty1 despite all #ggc c>e4 ,e cab9etmak] w readily p]ceive t ?is fill+ ( ! pores w save bo? "t & poli% 9 ! subsequ5t f9i%+4 ,,wood ,,fill]s4 ,! novice 9 coa* pa9t+ is q z likely to get bewild]$ z to be aid$ by mu* ( ! in=mation giv5 ab\t r\gh/uff1 ! m s z ! me?ods diff] s widely4 ,"o au?ority tells u to use a l>ge proportion ( lead gr\nd 9 oil ) ! co>s] pigm5t1 :ile ano!r says use dry lead & b a small p]c5tage1 & /ill ano!r insi/s t lead mu/ be taboo$ altoge!r4 ,!re are )al a good _m moss-gr[n sup]/itions associat$ ) ! subject4 ,n ! lea/ ( ^! is ! rem>kably absorb5t nature :i* ! surface t has be5 r\gh/uff$ & 8sc\r$0 is suppos$ to possess4 ,by _m ?is p[] ( absorption is believ$ to be equal to swall[+ up1 n only all ! color appli$1 b at lea/ #c coats ( v>ni%1 & none ( ^! w\ld ?9k ( apply+ a coat ( color to a r\gh/uff$ surface )\t fir/ giv+ x a coat ( liquid fill] z a sort ( sacrificial oblation 9 recognition ( ?is absorb+ prop5sity4 ,ano!r au?ority on ! subject has laid d[n ! rule t 9 ! process ( sc\r+1 ! block ( pumice /one mu/ always be mov$ 9 "o direction1 presumably = ! reason t "s trace ( ! /one is likely to be visible aft] ! surface is f9i%$4 ,if ! block ( /one is scrat*+1 p]haps ! appe>ance ( ! f9i%$ panel may be less objectionable ) ! furr[s 9 p>allel l9es ?an 9 :at engrav]s call 8cross-hat*+10 b if ! rubb+ is prop]ly done x is n easy to discov] :at diff]5ce x c\ld make :e!r ! /one is mov$ 9 a /raight l9e or a circle4 ,z to absorption1 x _c be di/+ui%$ 9 ! f9i%$ panel betwe5 ! surface t 0 coat$ ) liquid fill] & t to :i* ! color 0 appli$ directly1 except t crack+ always occurs mu* soon] 9 ! =m]1 & ?is w be f\nd to be ! case ) surfaces t h be5 coat$ ) liquid fill] & f9i%$ )\t r\gh/uff4 ,among ! pigm5ts t may be us$ = r\gh/uff1 & !re are half a doz5 or m1 any ( :i* may be us$ ) success1 !re is no d\bt b t kn[n z 8,engli% fill]0 is be/1 b x is n always to be _h )\t delay & inconv5i5ces4 ,yell[ o*]1 ,r5o umb] & ,key/one fill] are all suitable = r\gh/uff1 ! o*] hav+ be5 us$ _m ye>s = ! purpose1 b1 z already rem>k$1 ! ,engli% fill] is be/4 ,?is is ! rule = mix+ giv5 by ,nobles & ,ho>e3 ,f\r p\nds fill]1 #a p\nd gr\nd :ite lead1 #a p9t gold size1 #a p9t v>ni% & #a #a_/d p9ts turp5t9e1 or #c_/d p9t good size & #a_/b p9t boil$ oil 9 lieu ( ! v>ni%4 ,9 reg>d to ! use ( :ite lead gr\nd 9 oil1 x makes ! rubb+ m labori\s1 increases ! liability to scrat*+1 & requires a mu* long] "t to h>d5 be=e ! sc\r+ c be done1 )\t 9 any appreciable mann] improv+ ! quality ( ! surface :5 f9i%$4 ,x may be rem>k$ "h t ! addition ( :ite lead1 :e!r gr\nd 9 oil or add$ dry to ! co>s] pigm5t1 increases ! labor ( sc\r+ j 9 proportion z x is us$ until suffici5t may be us$ to r5d] ! sc\r+ process impossible2 h5ce1 x foll[s t ! mix+ %\ld be gov]n$ by ! "* ( ! job 9 h&4 ,if ! job is ( a *eap class ! use ( v little or no lead at all is advisable1 & ! proportion ( ,japan & turp5t9e may also be increas$1 ) ! result t a fairly good surface may be obta9$ ) mu* less labor ?an 9 ! =mula giv54 ,! numb] ( coats ( fill] requir$ to effect ! purpose 9 any giv5 case mu/ dep5d ^u h[ well ! build] has done 8 "p ( ! "w4 ,if he has left ! surface v unev5 x foll[s1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 t m coats w be requir$ to make x level1 & m ( ! r\gh/uff w rema9 aft] ! level+ process ?an if ! woodwork _h be5 m p]fectly done4 ,:ile ! m]its ( a sy/em or me?od are n to be judg$ by its antiquity1 !re %\ld be a good reason to ju/ify ! sub/itution ( a new me?od = "o t has giv5 p]fect satisfaction = g5]ations & be5 us$ by ! be/ coa* pa9t]s :o ev] h&l$ a bru%4 ,a well-kn[n writ] on pa9ts says t ! effect ( a v>ni% is usually attribut$ to ! mann] ( its application & ! quantity ( ?9n]s us$ = dilut+ ! melt$ gums1 ) ! prep>$ oils & ! oxidiz+ ag5ts us$ 9 its manufacture4 ,:ile ?is has und\bt$ly mu* to d ) ! successful application ( v>ni%1 !re are o!r facts 9 ?is connection t %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,= example1 v>ni% is sometimes act$ on by ! break+ up1 or ! dis9tegration ( ! fill+ coats2 :i* 9 turn is evid5tly act$ on by ! wood itself1 accord+ to its nature4 #ggd ,) ! aid ( ! microscope 9 exam9+ ! compon5t p>ts ( wood a cellul> tissue is obs]v$ :i* v>ies 9 =m accord+ to ! species & ! p>ts :i* are inspect$4 ,?is cellul> tissue is made up ( small cavities call$ pores or cells1 :i* are fill$ ) a widely div]sifi$ matt] & are cov]$ ) a h>d & usually brittle sub/ance call$ lign94 ,?is div]sifi$ matt] consi/s ( m9]al salts & v>i\s organic sub/ances1 gelat9\s 9 _! nature & held 9 solution by a visc\s liquid & conta9+ nitrog5\s matt] 9 diff]5t comb9ations1 ! :ole be+ designat$ by ! g5]al "n ( album9\s sub/ances4 ,! old] ! wood ! m visc\s is ! matt]2 :ile wood ( rec5t gr[? 7sapwood7 conta9s less visc\s matt] hold+ ^! sub/ances 9 solution4 ,?is album5 9 wood acts on sub/ances l fill] & v>ni% 9 "o way or ! o!r1 good or bad4 ,! season+ ( wood does n dispose ( ^! sub/ances4 ,! wat] evaporates1 leav+ !m adh]+ to ! sides ( ! cells4 ,! dri] ^! sub/ances are ! less action !y ex]t on ! fill] or :atev] sub/ance is coat$ on ! surface4 ,if ! fill] dis9tegrates1 x affects ! v>ni%4 ,all album9\s sub/ances1 be !y dry or 9 liquid =m1 are subject1 m or less1 accord+ to ! prote9 !y conta9--:i* seems1 or r is1 ! ess5tial pr9ciple ( all album9\s matt]--to ! influ5ce ( cau/ic pota% & soda4 ,?us1 ! album5 ( an egg is exactly l t conta9$ 9 ! composition ( wood4 ,z album5 9 wood becomes solid by dry+1 x is easily dissolv$ aga91 & w !n be act$ on *emically by any extrane\s sub/ance ) :i* x comes 9 contact4 ,"s ( ! %ellacs1 sub/itutes = %ellacs1 & "s ( ! liquid fill]s are manufactur$ f "s ( ! foll[+ sub/ances3 ,old l9se$ oil1 old v>ni%1 old & h>d dri]s1 turp5t9e1 b5z9e1 (t5 gasol9e1 ros91 :it+1 corn/>* fl\r1 nulls1 pa9t sk9s1 silica1 & s on4 ,! li/ is long4 ,to ^! mu/ be add$ a l>ge volume ( pota%1 to br+ x to & hold x 9 solution4 ,!re mu/ be an excess ( pota% :i* is n comb9$ into a *emical comp\nd1 :i* if x did1 might mitigate its influ5ce on ! album5 ( ! wood4 ,b z !re is pota% 9 its pure /ate rema9+ 9 ! solution x necess>ily attacks ! album5 ( ! wood1 caus+ dis9tegration1 :i* releases x f ! wood1 caus+ :ite1 grayi% flakes1 & ! =mation ( a p[d]4 ,?is is n a conclusion drawn f an inf]5ce b an e/abli%$ sci5tific fact result+ f exp]im5ts ) fill]s ! v>i\s compositions ( :i* 7 kn[n4 ,all alkalies act on album54 ,no "o w\ld kn[+ly v>ni% ov] a surface su* z x w\ld be 7 ! :ite ( an egg appli$ to x & !n wa%$ ) an alkali solution2 b t is j :at is done :5 v>ni% is put ov] a wood surface fill$ ) a fill] :i* conta9s an alkali4 ,mo/ ( ! comb9ations ( mat]ial us$ 9 ! pa9t+ trade are mixtures2 t is1 ea* "p rema9s ! same--ex]t+ ! same *emical action on ano!r sub/ance1 or any o!r sub/ance com+ 9 contact ) a pa9t mixture w ex]t ! same *emical action on any "p1 or on any +r$i5t x conta9s1 ! same z if t "p 0 by itself4 ,we c n[ acc\nt = "s ( ! num]\s peculi>ities ( v>ni%4 ,we "k t any alkali :5 com+ 9 contact ) album5 =ms a comp\nd1 :i* on dry+ is a :ite1 brittle sub/ance easily dis9tegrat$4 ,?is is :y pota%1 sal soda1 & k9dr$ sub/ances w remove pa9t4 ,! alkali attacks ! album5 9 ! oil1 s(t5+ x1 caus+ easy removal1 :]eas if x 7 all[$ to dry1 ! album5 9 ! oil w\ld take on a grayi% color q brittle4 ,pota% or o!r alkalies 9 fill] n only attack ! album5 9 ! wood1 b also attack ! album5 9 ! oil by =m+ a comp\nd ) x4 ,probably ?is comp\nd is v slight1 only =m+ a comp\nd 9 "p1 en\gh1 nev]!less1 to />t a de/roy+ influ5ce1 :i* is demon/rat$ by ! foll[+ results ( exp]im5ts4 ,! read] has1 p]haps1 "s "t 9 8 c>e] appli$ a ros9 v>ni% ov] a pota% fill] & has be5 surpris$ by ! good results1 a m p]man5t effect be+ obta9$ ?an 9 o!r in/ances :]e ! be/ ( v>ni% 0 us$4 ,?is is acc\nt$ = by ! ros9 ( ! pota%4 ,aga91 ! read] may h _h occasion to remove v>ni% ) pota% & f\nd t pota% w\ld n t\* x4 ,?is is because ( its be+ a ros9 v>ni%4 ,pota% 9 fill] may be r5d]$ some:at in]t1 by reason ( its comp\nd+ ) o!r p>ts ( ! fill]1 b ow+ to ! quantity us$ 9 "s ( ! comm]cial fill]s x is n possible t all ! alkali is r5d]$ in]t4 ,h5ce x w attack ! album5 :]ev] f\nd1 z all album5 is id5tical 9 its *emical composition4 ,alkalies h b little effect on ! #gge high] classes ( gums1 because ( _! effect on ! album5 9 ! wood & oil4 ,all alcohol v>ni%es or v>ni%es made by ! aid ( heat /& well ov] an alkali fill]4 ,v>ni%es :i* conta9 little oil seem to /& well4 ,?is is acc\nt$ = by ! fact t alcohol r5d]s album5 insoluble4 ,alkalies ( all k9ds readily attack %ellac & sev]al o!r ( ! *eap gums1 =m+ un/able comp\nds on :i* oil has b little effect4 ,close-gra9$ wood conta9s less album5 & m lign9 ?an op5-gra9$ v>ieties1 & consequ5tly does n take s mu* fill]1 :i* acc\nts = ! f9i% inv>iably la/+ long] ?an ! same k9d us$ on an op5-gra9$ wood4 ,op5-gra9$ wood conta9s m sap ?an close gra9$2 consequ5tly !re is m album5 to adh]e to ! sides ( ! cells4 ,! m album51 ! m readily x is attack$ by ! pota%1 & ! m readily decompos$1 or r de/roy$4 ,alcohol r5d]s album5 insoluble imm$iately on application4 ,x prev5ts x f comp\nd+ ) any o!r sub/ance1 or any o!r sub/ance comp\nd+ ) x4 ,h5ce1 we mu/ conclude t an application ( alcohol to wood be=e ! fill] is appli$ is valuable1 :i* is prov5 to be a fact by exp]im5t4 ,wa% "o half ( a bo>d ) alcohol1 !n apply ! pota% fill] ov] all4 ,aga91 wa% ! portion ( ! bo>d on :i* is ! fill] & apply a heavy-bodi$ oil v>ni%4 ,expose to sunlight & air ! same z a f9i%$ door or ! l1 & wait = ! result4 ,at ! end ( a few mon?s a va/ diff]5ce w be f\nd 9 ! two p>ts ( ! surface4 ,! "o on :i* !re is no alcohol w %[ ! ravages ( "t & ! elem5ts mu* soon] ?an ! "o on :i* x is4 ,wood f9i%]s dem& a diff]5ce 9 ! composition ( fill]s1 pa/e & liquid1 = op5- & close-gra9$ wood1 respectively2 b un=tunately !y d n dem& a diff]5ce betwe5 ei!r k9d 9 !mselves1 accord+ to ! k9d ( wood4 ,pa/e fill]s are us$ indiscrim9ately = op5-gra9$ wood & liquid = close-gra9$ wood4 ,to f9d ! fill]s be/ adapt$ = a c]ta9 wood1 & to classify !m 9 ?is respect w require a l>ge am\nt ( *emical "w & practical exp]im5ts2 b t x %\ld be done is evid5c$ by ! fact t bo? success & failure result f ! use ( ! same fill] on diff]5t v>ieties ( wood4 ,aft] once be+ classifi$ 7ow+ to ! l>ge numb] n[ on ! m>ket71 !y w n numb] ne>ly s _m 9 ! aggregate z might be suppos$2 z x w be f\nd 9 _m in/ances t two entirely diff]5t v>ieties ( wood resemble ea* o!r m closely 9 _! vascul> =mation & cell *>act]i/ics ?an d two o!r specim5s ( ! same v>iety4 ,x is a recogniz$ fact t pa/e fill]s ^: base is />* or ! l "w bett] & give bett] results 9 c]ta9 in/ances1 :ile ^? ^: base is m9]al matt] seem to d bett] 9 o!r cases4 ,x is notic$ t rosewood z a f9i%+ v5e] is obsolete4 ,?is is n because ( its sc>city1 b because x is s h>d to f9i% )\t hav+ be5 season$ = a long "t4 ,9 ^! days1 manufactur]s _c wait4 ,x takes long] = ! sap ( rosewood to become inactive1 or 9 trade p>lance to 8die10 ?an any o!r wood4 ,?is is because x takes s long = ! album5 9 ! sap to coagulate4 ,rosewood has always be5 a s\rce ( tr\ble to piano mak]s1 on acc\nt ( ! action ( ! sap on ! v>ni%4 ,h[ev]1 if ?is wood1 previ\sly to fill+1 0 wa%$ ) a weak solution ( phosphoric acid1 & !n ) wood _s1 x might be m easily f9i%$4 ,! phosphoric acid w\ld coagulate ! album5 on ! surface ( ! wood imm$iately1 :ile alcohol w\ld r$uce x to an insoluble /ate4 ,! idea "h is to de/roy ! activity ( ! sap1 on ! same pr9ciple z sappy places & knot sap are de/roy$ by alcohol-%ellac be=e be+ pa9t$4 ,oak is ano!r wood :i* gives ! pa9t] tr\ble to f9i%4 ,?is may be acc\nt$ = z foll[s3 ,oak conta9s a s\r acid pr9ciple call$ tannic acid4 ,x is a v active prop]ty4 ,wood dur+ ! gr[+ season conta9s m album52 ?us 9 ! circulation ( ! sap a l>ge quantity ( s(t matt] is deposit$ on ! lign9 :i* l9es ! cells1 :i* lign91 if x conta9s any acid matt]1 acts on ! mat]ial ( ! fill]4 ,tannic acid has a delet]i\s effect on "s ( ! mat]ial ( :i* a numb] ( fill]s are made4 ,/>* & _m gums are susceptible to its influ5ce1 mak+ "s ( !m q s(t4 ,oak1 l mo/ o!r timb] cut at ! season :5 ! lea/ sap is 9 circulation1 is ! m easily f9i%$4 ,! vascul> =mation may1 & no d\bt has1 some?+ to d ) wood f9i%+4 ,diff]5t species ( wood diff] mat]ially 9 _! vascul> & cellul> =mation4 ,wood f9i%]s recognize a diff]5ce 9 treatm5t ( ,fr5* burl walnut & ! common ,am]ican #ggf v>iety4 ,circassian & ,italian walnut1 al?\gh ( ! same species1 dem& widely diff]5t treatm5t 9 f9i%+ to get ! be/ results4 ,! only way to f9d ! be/ mat]ials to use 9 c]ta9 cases is to /udy & exp]im5t ) t end 9 view4 ,if1 by aid ( a microscope1 a c]ta9 piece ( wood %[s ! same cellul> =mation t ano!r piece did :i* 0 successfully f9i%$ by a c]ta9 process1 x may be reg>d$ z safe to treat bo? alike4 ,if obs]vation on ?is l9e is indulg$ 91 x w n take ! f9i%] v long to le>n j :at treatm5t is be/ = ! "w 9 h&4 ,h[ (t5 x has be5 notic$ 9 some?+ ( two p>ts1 l a door1 t ! panels :5 f9i%$ w pit1 run1 or sag1 :ile ! sides w pres5t a surface 9 e way desirable & vice v]sa4 ,?is is due to ! diff]5ce 9 ! cellul> con/ruction ( ! wood & to ! cellulose1 & _c be o!rwise = ! p>ts h be5 season$ ! same "t & treat$ exactly alike4 ,! physiology ( wood is imp]fectly und]/ood1 b en\gh is kn[n to w>rant u 9 say+ ) a c]ta9ty t ! *emicals 9 fill]s d act ^u ! pr9ciples embodi$ 9 its =mation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s tri$ =mulas foll[3 ,i4--,make a pa/e to fill ! cracks z foll[s3 ,old furniture poli%3 ,:it+1 pla/] ( ,p>is1 pumice /one1 li?>ge1 equal p>ts1 ,japan dri]1 boil$ l9se$ oil1 turp5t9e1 color+ matt]1 ( ea* a suffici5t quantity4 ,rub ! solids intimately ) a mixture ( #a "p ( ! ,japan1 #b p>ts ( ! l9se$ oil1 & #c p>ts ( turp5t9e1 color+ to suit ) v&yke br[n or si5na4 ,lay ! fill+ on ) a bru%1 let x set = ab\t #bj m9utes1 & !n rub (f clean except :]e x is to rema94 ,9 #b days x w be h>d en\gh to poli%4 ,aft] ! surface has be5 ?us prep>$1 ! application ( a coat ( fir/-class copal v>ni% is 9 ord]4 ,x is recomm5d$ t ! v>ni% be appli$ 9 a mod]ately w>m room1 z x is injur$ by becom+ *ill$ 9 dry+4 ,to get ! be/ results 9 v>ni%+1 "s skill & exp]i5ce are requir$4 ,! v>ni% mu/ be kept 9 an ev5ly w>m temp]ature1 & put on nei!r too pl5tifully nor too g+]ly4 ,aft] a satisfactorily smoo? & regul> surface has be5 obta9$1 ! poli%+ prop] may be done4 ,?is may be accompli%$ by manual labor & dext]ity1 or by ! application ( a v ?91 ev5 coat ( a v f9e1 transp>5t v>ni%4 ,if ! h&-poli%+ me?od be pref]r$1 x may be pursu$ by rubb+ briskly & ?or\ghly ) ! foll[+ f9i%+ poli%3 ,alcohol #h ounces ,%ellac #b dra*ms ,gum b5zo9 #b dra*ms ,be/ poppy oil #b dra*ms ,dissolve ! %ellac & gum 9 ! alcohol 9 a w>m place1 ) frequ5t agitation1 &1 :5 cold1 add ! poppy oil4 ,?is may be appli$ on ! end ( a cyl9drical rubb] made by tightly roll+ a piece ( flannel1 :i* has be5 torn1 n cut1 into /rips #d to #f in*es wide4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! surface ( ! cab9et "w ( a piano is g5]ally v5e]$1 & ?is be+ s1 necessitates ! ex]cise ( mu* skill & caution 9 poli%+4 ,,ii4--,prep>e a pa/e f f9e />* fl\r & a ?ick solution ( br[n %ellac1 ) ! spatula ^u a gr9d+ /one1 & rub ! wood5 object ) ?is4 ,aft] ! dry+1 rub (f ) s&pap] & poli% lightly ) a rag moi/5$ ) a ?9 %ellac solution & a few drops ( oil4 ,! gr\nd ?us prep>$ v>ni% once or twice & a f9e lu/] w be obta9$4 ,?is me?od is well adapt$ = any wood ) l>ge pores1 su* z oak4 ,removal ( ,heat ,/a9s f ,poli%$ ,wood4--,fold a %eet ( blott+ pap] a c\ple ( times 7mak+ #d ?icknesses ( ! pap]71 cov] ! place ) x1 & put a hot smoo?+ iron !reon4 ,h ready at h& "s bits ( flannel1 also fold$ & made q hot4 ,z soon z ! iron has made ! surface ( ! wood q w>m1 remove ! pap]1 etc41 & g ov] ! spot ) a piece ( p>aff9e1 rubb+ x h>d en\gh to leave a coat+ ( ! sub/ance4 ,n[ ) "o ( ! hot pieces ( flannel rub ! injur$ surface4 ,cont9ue ! rubb+1 us+ fre%ly w>m$ clo?s until ! :it5ess leaves ! v>ni% or poli%4 ,! op]ation may h to be repeat$4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,wood4 ,i4--,an excell5t way ( pres]v+ wood is to cut x betwe5 ,augu/ & ,octob]4 ,! bran*es are remov$1 leav+ only ! leaves at ! top4 ,! trunks1 c>efully cut or sawn 7s t _! pores rema9 op571 are imm$iately plac$ upright1 ) ! l[] "p imm]s$ 9 tanks ?ree-qu>t]s fill$ ) wat]1 into :i* #c or #d kilograms ( p[d]$ cupric sulphate p] hectolit] h be5 introduc$4 ,! mass ( #ggg leaves left at ! extremity ( ea* trunk is suffici5t to cause ! asc5t ( ! liquid by means ( ! capill>y =ce & a res]ve ( en]gy 9 ! sap4 ,,ii4--,wood :i* c be well pres]v$ may be obta9$ by mak+ a circul> incision 9 ! b>k ( ! trees a c]ta9 "t be=e cutt+ !m d[n4 ,! woodcutt]s employ$ 9 ! imm5se teak =e/s ( ,siam h adopt$ 9 an empirical way a simil> process1 :i* has be5 productive ( good results4 ,! tree is bl$1 mak+ ar\nd ! trunk1 at ! height ( #d feet above gr\nd1 a circul> incision #h in*es wide & #d in*es deep1 at ! "t :5 x is 9 bloom & ! sap ris+4 ,sometimes ! tree is left /&+ = #c ye>s aft] ?is op]ation4 ,frequ5tly1 also1 a deep incision rea*+ ! he>t is made on two opposite sides1 & !n x takes sometimes only #f mon?s to extract ! sap4 ,x is probable t x is p>tly 9 consequ5ce ( ?is me?od t ! teakwood acquires its exceptional resi/ance to v>i\s de/ructive ag5ts4 ,,iii4--,a good pres]vation ( piles1 /akes1 & palisades is obta9$ by leav+ ! wood 9 a ba? ( cupric sulphate ( #d ( ! ord9>y acidimet] = a "t :i* may v>y f #h to #ae days1 accord+ to great] or less dryness ( ! wood & its size4 ,aft] !y are half dri$ !y are imm]s$ 9 a ba? ( lime wat]2 ?is =ms ) ! sulphate an insoluble comp\nd1 prev5t+ ! ra9 f dissolv+ ! sulphate :i* has p5etrat$ ! wood4 ,?is process is p>ticul>ly useful = v9e props & ! wood ( :ite popl>s4 ,a good way to prev5t ! decay ( /akes w\ld be to plant !m upside d[n2 t is1 to bury ! upp] extremity ( ! bran* 9 ! gr\nd4 ,9 ?is way1 ! capill>y tubes d n s easily absorb ! moi/ure :i* is ! cause ( decay4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t = "o or ano!r reason1 ! impregnation ( woods design$ to be plant$ 9 ! gr\nd1 su* z ma/s1 po/s1 & supports has be5 neglect$4 ,x w\ld be impracticable1 aft] !y are plac$1 to take up ^! pieces 9 ord] to coat !m ) c>bol9eum or t>1 especially if !y are fix$ 9 a wall1 masonry1 or o!r /ructure4 ,rec\rse mu/ be _h to o!r means4 ,ne> ! po9t :]e ! piece rises f ! gr\nd1 a hole ab\t "o c5timet] 9 wid? is made 9 a d[nw>d slant+ direction1 fill$ ) c>bol9eum1 & clos$ ) a wood5 plug4 ,x dep5ds ^u ! consi/5cy ( ! wood :e!r ! liquid w be absorb$ 9 #a or #b days4 ,! hole is fill$ aga9 = a week4 ,! c>bol9eum replaces by degrees ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! wood4 ,:5 x is well impregnat$1 ! hole is def9itely clos$ ) a plug ( wood1 :i* is sawn level ) ! op5+4 ,! wood w ?us be pres]v$ q z well z if x _h be5 previ\sly coat$ ) c>bol9eum4 ,,iv4--,wood5 objects rema9+ 9 ! op5 air may be effectually protect$ aga9/ ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r by means ( ! foll[+ coat+3 ,f9ely p[d]$ z9c oxide is work$ into a pa/e ) wat] & s]ves = :itewa%+ walls1 g>d5 f5ces1 b5*es1 & o!r wood5 objects4 ,aft] dry+1 probably at ! end ( #b or #c h\rs1 ! objects mu/ be :itewa%$ aga9 ) a v dilute solution ( z9c *loride 9 glue or wat]4 ,z9c oxide & z9c *loride =m a brilliant1 solid comp\nd1 :i* resi/s ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r4 ,z a pa9t = bo>ds1 planks = cov]+ gre5h\ses1 g>d5-frames1 etc41 ,inspector ,lucas1 ( ,reutl+5 7,wrtemb]g71 has recomm5d$ ! foll[+ coat+3 ,take fre% cem5t ( ! be/ quality1 :i* has be5 kept 9 a cool place1 "w x up ) milk on a /one until x is ( ! consi/5cy ( oil pa9t4 ,! wood design$ to receive x mu/ n be smoo?1 b left r\gh aft] saw+4 ,two or #c coats are also a protection f fire4 ,wood to be ?us treat$ mu/ be v dry4 ,v4--,wood treat$ ) creosote resi/s ! attacks ( m>9e animals1 su* z ! t]$o4 ,elm1 bee*1 & fir absorb creosote v readily1 provid$ ! wood is s\nd & dry4 ,bee*wood absorbs x ! be/4 ,9 fir ! p5etration is complete1 :5 ! wood is ( a species ( rapid gr[?1 & ( r compact gra94 ,besides1 ) ! aid ( pressure x is always possible to =ce ! creosote into ! wood4 ,pieces ( wood treat$ ) creosote h resi/$ = #aj or #aa ye>s "u conditions 9 :i* oak wood n treat$ 9 ?is way w\ld h be5 completely de/roy$4 ,! prep>$ wood mu/ rema9 9 /ore at lea/ #f mon?s be=e use4 ,! creosote becomes d5s] dur+ ?is "t & causes a great] cohesion 9 ! fib]s4 ,9 c]ta9 woods1 z pit* p9e1 ! injection is impossible1 ev5 "u pressure1 on acc\nt ( ! pres5ce ( ros9 9 ! capill>y vessels4 ,,vi4--,m4 ,zironi advises heat+ ! wood #ggh 9 vacuo4 ,! sap is elim9at$ 9 ?is way4 ,!n ! receiv] is fill$ ) ros9 9 solution ) a hydroc>bide4 ,! saturation takes place 9 two h\rs1 :5 ! liquid is all[$ to run (f1 & a jet ( vapor is introduc$1 :i* c>ries (f ! solv5t1 :ole ! ros9 rema9s 9 ! pores ( ! wood1 increas+ its weight consid]ably4 ,,vii4--,wood c be well pres]v$ by impregnat+ x ) a solution ( tannate ( f]ric protoxide4 ,?is me?od is due to ,hazfeld4 ,,viii4--,! ,hasselmann process 7xyloliz$ wood71 :i* consi/s 9 imm]s+ ! wood 9 a sal9e solution kept boil+ "u mod]ate pressure1 ! liquid conta9+ copp] & iron sulphates 7#bj p] c5t ( ! fir/ & #hj p] c5t ( ! second71 z well z alum9um & ka9it1 a sub/ance until rec5tly us$ only z a f]tiliz]1 is n[ mu* employ$ on ! railways 9 ,g]many4 ,,ix4--,rec5tly ! discov]y has be5 made t wood may be pres]v$ ) dissolv$ betul9e1 a vegetable product ( ! consi/5cy ( pa/e1 call$ also bir*wood ros94 ,betul9e mu/ fir/ be dissolv$4 ,x is procurable 9 ! crude /ate at a l[ price4 ,! wood is imm]s$ = ab\t #ab h\rs 9 ! solution1 at a temp]ature ( f #eg to #fj ,f4 ,aft] ! fir/ ba? ! wood is plung$ into a second1 =m$ ( a solution ( pectic acid ( #dj to #de ,b41 & ) a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( an alkal9e c>bonate--= in/ance1 potassium c>bonate ( comm]ce--9 ! proportion ( #a "p ( c>bonate to ab\t #d p>ts ( ! solution4 ,! wood rema9s imm]s$ 9 ?is composition = #ab h\rs2 !n x is tak5 out & dra9$ f #h to #ae h\rs1 ! "t v>y+ accord+ to ! nature ( ! wood & ! temp]ature4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is second ba?1 ! betul9 :i* 0 introduc$ ?r\gh ! fir/ imm]sion1 is fix$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! mass4 ,if x is desirable to make ! wood m durable & to give x special qualities ( d5sity1 h>dness1 & ela/icity1 x mu/ be submitt$ to /rong pressure4 ,9 ?us supplem5t+ ! *emical ) me*anical treatm5t1 ! be/ results are obta9$4 ,x4--,a receiv] ( any =m or dim5sions is fill$ ) a fluid ^: boil+ po9t is above #bab ,f41 su* z heavy t> oil1 sal9e solutions1 etc4 ,?is is kept at an int]m$iate temp]ature v>y+ betwe5 #bab ,f4 & ! boil+ po9t2 ! latt] w n be rea*$1 b if into ?is liquid a piece ( wood is plung$1 an agitation analog\s to boil+ is manife/$1 produc$ by ! wat] & sap conta9$ 9 ! pores ( ! wood4 ,^!1 "u ! action ( a temp]ature above #bab ,f41 are dissolv$ into vapor & trav]se ! ba?4 ,if ! wood is left imm]s$ & a con/ant temp]ature ma9ta9$ until e trace ( agitation has disappe>$1 ! wat] 9 ! pores ( ! wood w be expell$1 ) ! exception ( a slight quantity1 :i*1 be+ 9 ! =m ( vapor1 repres5ts only ! sev5te5-hundr$? "p ( ! orig9al weight ( ! wat] conta9$2 ! air :i* 0 pres5t 9 ! pores hav+ be5 likewise expell$4 ,if ! liquid is left to cool1 ?is vapor is cond5s$1 =m+ a vacuum1 :i* is imm$iately fill$ "u ! action ( ! atmosph]ic pressure4 ,9 ?is way ! wood is completely saturat$ by ! cont5ts ( ! ba?1 :atev] may be its =m1 proportions or cond5sation4 ,to atta9 ! desir$ effect x is n necess>y to employ heavy oils4 ,! latt] h1 h[ev]1 ! advantage ( leav+ on ! surface ( ! prep>$ pieces a k9d ( v>ni%1 :i* contributes to protect !m aga9/ mold1 worms1 moi/ure1 & dry rot4 ,! same ph5om5on ( p5etration is produc$ :51 )\t lett+ ! wood gr[ cold 9 ! ba?1 x is tak5 out & plung$ imm$iately into a cold ba? ( ! same or ( a diff]5t fluid4 ,?is po9t is important1 because x is possible to employ z fluids to be absorb$ matt]s hav+ a boil+ po9t bel[ #bab ,f41 & diff]+ 9 ?is respect f ! fir/ ba?1 :i* mu/ be compos$ ( a liquid hav+ a boil+ po9t above #bab ,f4 ,if1 in/ead ( a cold ba? ( a homog5e\s nature1 two liquids ( diff]5t d5sity sep>at$ 9 two lay]s1 are employ$1 ! wood c1 ) necess>y precautions1 be imm]s$ successively 9 !m1 s t x c be p5etrat$ ) giv5 quantities ( ea*4 ,su* liquids are heavy t> oil & a solution ( z9c *loride ( #b to #d ,b4 ,! fir/1 :i* is d5s]1 rema9s at ! bottom ( ! vessel1 & ! second above4 ,if ! wood is fir/ imm]s$ 9 a sal9e solution1 x p5etrates deep into ! pores1 & :5 f9ally ! heavy oil is absorb$1 ! latt] =ms a sup]ficial lay]1 :i* prev5ts ! wa%+ out ( ! sal9e solution 9 ! int]ior1 z well z ! p5etration ( moi/ure f ! outside4 #ggi ,,xi4--,num]\s exp]im5ts h be5 made ) all k9ds ( wood1 ev5 ) h>d oak4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( oak railway ties x 0 discov]$ t pieces subject$ to a temp]ature ( #bab ,f4 9 a ba? ( heavy t> oil = #d h\rs lo/ f #f to #g p] c5t ( _! weight1 repres5t$ by wat] & album9\s sub/ances1 & t !y absorb$ 9 heavy oil & z9c *loride en\gh to repres5t an increase ( f #b to #c p] c5t on _! natural orig9al weight4 ,! oak wood 9 "q _h be5 cut = m ?an a ye> & 0 ( a d5sity ( #a4jd to #a4jg4 ,?is sy/em (f]s ! advantage ( all[+ ! absorption ( antiseptic liquids )\t any de=mation ( ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( ! wood1 ! m z ! op]ation is p]=m$ altoge!r 9 op5 vessels4 ,ano!r advantage is ! great] resi/ance ( ! wood to w>p+ & b5d+1 & to ! extraction ( metallic pieces1 su* z nails1 cramp irons1 etc4 ,,xii4--,9 ! ,kyaniz+ process season$ timb] is soak$ 9 a solution ( bi*loride ( m]cury 7corrosive sublimate7 :i* coagulates ! album54 ,! solution is v poison\s & corrodes iron & /eel1 h5ce is unsuit$ = /ructural purposes 9 :i* metallic fa/5+s are us$4 ,! process is effective1 b dang]\s to ! heal? ( ! work]s employ$4 ,,xiii4--,! ,wellh\se process also uses z9c *loride1 b adds a small p]c5tage ( glue4 ,aft] ! timb] has be5 treat$ "u pressure ! z9c *loride solution is drawn (f & "o ( tann9 is sub/itut$4 ,! tann9 comb9es ) ! glue & =ms an insoluble sub/ance t effectually seals ! pores4 ,,xiv4--,! ,all>dyce process makes use ( z9c *loride & dead oil ( t>1 ! latt] be+ appli$ la/1 & ! mann] ( application be+ ess5tially ! same = bo? z expla9$ 9 ! o!r processes4 ,,xv4--,! timb] is boil$ 9 a solution ( copp]1 iron1 & alum9um sulphate1 to :i* a small quantity ( ka9it is add$4 ,,xvi4--,9 ! creo-ros9ate process ! timb] is fir/ subject$ to a /eam+ process at #bjj ,f4 to evaporate ! moi/ure 9 ! cells2 ! temp]ature is !n gradually increas$ to #cbj ,f4 & a pressure ( #hj p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,! pressure is sl[ly r$uc$ to #bf in*es vacuum1 & !n a solution ( dead oil ( t>1 melt$ ros91 & =maldehyde is inject$4 ,aft] ?is process ! timb] is plac$ 9 ano!r cyl9d] :]e a solution ( milk ( lime is appli$ at a temp]ature ( #aej ,f4 & a pressure ( #bjj p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,,xvii4--,! vulcaniz+ process ( treat+ timb] consi/s ess5tially 9 subject+ x to a bak+ process 9 hot air :i* is heat$ to a temp]ature ( ab\t #ejj ,f4 by pass+ ov] /eam coils4 ,! heat coagulates ! album51 expels ! wat] f ! cells1 kills ! organisms !re91 & seals ! cells by trans=m+ ! sap into a pres]vative comp\nd4 ,?is me?od is us$ ) success by ! elevat$ railway sy/ems ( sev]al cities4 ,,xviii4--,a durable coat+ = wood is obta9$ by extract+ petroleum asphalt1 ) light petroleum1 b5z9e1 or gasol9e4 ,= ?is purpose ! asphalt1 co>sely p[d]$1 is dige/$ = #a to #b days ) b5z9e 9 well-clos$ vessels1 at a mod]ately w>m spot4 ,petroleum asphalt results :5 ! di/illation ( petroleum cont9u$ until a glossy1 firm1 pulv]izable mass ( con*oidal fracture & resembl+ colophony 9 consi/5cy rema9s4 ,! b5z9e dissolves f ?is asphalt only a yell[i%-br[n dye/uff1 :i* deeply ent]s ! wood & protects x f ! action ( ! wea!r1 worms1 dry rot1 etc4 ,! pa9t is n opaque1 h5ce ! wood reta9s its natural fib]4 ,x is v pleasant to look at1 because ! wood treat$ ) x keeps its natural appe>ance4 ,! wood c be wa%$ (f ) soap1 & is especially suit$ = c\ntry & summ] h\ses4 ,,xix4--,a liquid to pres]ve wood f mold & dry rot :i* de/roys ! album9\s matt] ( ! wood & ! organisms :i* fe$ on x1 s !re are nei!r g]ms nor food = !m if !re 7 any1 is sold "u ! "n ( c>bol9eum4 ,! specific gravity ( a c>bol9eum %\ld exce$ #a4aje1 & %\ld give ! wood a f9e br[n color4 ,x %\ld1 too1 be p]fectly wat]pro(4 ,! ?ree foll[+ recipes c be absolutely reli$ on3 a4 ,heat toge!r & mix ?or\ghly #ie p\nds ( coal-t> oil & #e p\nds ( asphalt f coal t>4 b4 ,amalgamate toge!r #cj p\nds ( heavy coal-t> oil1 #fj p\nds ( crude wood-t> oil1 & #be p\nds ( heavy ros9 oil4 c4 ,mix ?or\ghly #c p\nds ( asphalt1 #be p\nds ( heavy coal-t> oil1 & #dj p\nds ( heavy ros9 oil4 ,,xx4--,(t5 ! wood5 portions ( ma*9es are s damag$ by dampness prevail+ 9 ! %ops t ! #ghj foll[+ comp\nd w be f\nd useful = _! protection3 ,melt #cge p>ts ( colophony 9 an iron vessel1 & add #aj1jjj p>ts ( t>1 & #ejj p>ts ( sulphur4 ,color ) br[n o*] or any o!r color+ matt] dilut$ ) l9se$ oil4 ,make a fir/ light application ( ?is mixture :ile w>m1 & aft] dry+ apply a second coat4 ,,xxi4--,= enamel+ vats1 etc41 #a1jjj p>ts ( br[n %ellac & #abe p>ts ( colophony are melt$ 9 a spaci\s kettle4 ,aft] ! mass has cool$ some:at1 b is /ill ?9ly liquid1 #f4a p>ts ( alcohol 7#ij p] c5t7 is gradually add$4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! ignition ( ! _s vapor1 ! admixture ( _s is made at a di/ance f ! /ove4 ,by ?is addition ! %ellac swells up into a semi-liquid mass1 & a l>g] am\nt ( enamel is obta9$ ?an by dissolv+ x cold4 ,! enamel may be us$ = wood or iron4 ,! wood mu/ be well dri$2 only !n w ! enamel p5etrate into ! pores4 ,two or ?ree coats suffice to close up ! pores ( ! wood ?or\ghly & to r5d] ! surface smoo? & glossy4 ,ea* coat+ w h>d5 p]fectly 9 sev]al h\rs4 ,! cov]+ endures a heat ( #adj to #aej ,f4 )\t injury4 ,?is glaze c also be mix$ ) e>? colors4 ,dry+ quickly & be+ ta/eless1 its applications are manifold4 ,mix$ ) o*]1 = in/ance1 x gives an elegant & durable floor v>ni%1 :i* may safely be wa%$ (f ) weak soda solution4 ,if x is n ess5tial t ! objects be provid$ ) a smoo? & glossy coat+1 only a pres]vation be+ aim$ at ! foll[+ coat is recomm5d$ by ! same s\rce3 ,?91 soluble glass 7wat] glass7 z x is f\nd 9 comm]ce1 ) ab\t #bd p] c5t ( wat]1 & pa9t ! dry vessel r hot ) ?is solution4 ,:5 ?is has be5 absorb$1 repeat ! application1 all[ to dry1 & coat ) a solution ( ab\t #a "p ( sodium bic>bonate 9 #h p>ts ( wat]4 ,9 ?is coat+ silicic acid is sep>at$ by ! c>bonic acid ( ! bic>bonate2 f ! wat] glass 7sodium silicate7 absorb$ by ! pores ( ! wood1 :i*1 z x 71 silicifies ! wood5 surfaces1 r5d]+ !m resi/ive aga9/ ! p5etration ( liquids4 ,! advantages claim$ = bo? processes are increas$ durability & facilitat$ clean+4 ,,xxii4--,t> pa9ts1 call$ also m9]al or metallic pa9ts1 are sold 9 b>rels or boxes1 at v>y+ prices4 ,"s deal]s color !m--yell[ o*]1 r$ o*]1 br[n1 gray1 etc4 ,!y are prep>$ by mix+ equal p>ts ( coal t> & oil ( turp5t9e or m9]al ess5ce 7gasol9e74 ,! product1 if x is n color$ artificially1 is ( a brilliant black1 ev5 :5 cold4 ,x dries 9 a few h\rs1 especially :5 prep>$ ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,! pa9ts ) m9]al ess5ce are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally pref]r$1 on acc\nt ( _! l[] co/4 ,ei!r %\ld be spread on ) a h>d bru%1 9 coats z ?9 z possible4 ,!y p5etrate s(t woods1 & ev5 semi-h>d woods suffici5tly deep1 & pres]ve !m completely4 ,!y adh]e p]fectly to metals4 ,_! employm5t c1 !re=e1 be confid5tly advis$1 s f> z conc]ns ! pres]vation directly ( iron cables1 res]voirs1 ! int]ior surface ( g5]ators1 etc4 ,h[ev]1 x has be5 %[n t atmosph]ic influ5ce or v>iations ( temp]ature cause ! =mation ( ammoniacal solutions1 :i* corrode ! metals4 ,sev]al companies = ! c>e & insurance ( /eam eng9es h = "s "t recomm5d$ ! ab&onm5t ( t> products = applications ( ?is k9d & ! sub/itution ( hot l9se$ oil4 ,,xxiii4--,coal-t> pa9ts are prep>$ accord+ to v>i\s =mulas4 ,"o 9 curr5t use has coal t> = a base1 ) ! addition ( gum ros94 ,x is v black4 ,two ?9 coats give a f9e brilliancy4 ,x is employ$ on metals1 iron1 %eet iron1 etc41 z well z on wood4 ,x dries mu* quick] ?an ! t>s us$ sep>ately4 ,its pres]v+ influ5ce aga9/ ru/ is v /rong4 ,! foll[+ ,tiss&i] =mula has af=d$ excell5t results4 ,its facility ( prep>ation & its l[ co/ are among its advantages4 ,mix #aj p>ts ( coal t>1 #a to #a4f p>ts ( slak$ lime1 #d1jjj p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e1 & #djj p>ts ( /rong v9eg>1 9 :i* #a_/e "p ( cupric sulphate has be5 previ\sly boil$4 ,! addition ( #b or #c cloves ( g>lic 9 ! solution ( cupric sulphate aids 9 produc+ a v>ni%1 brilliant z well z p]man5t4 ,! comp\nd c be color$ l ord9>y pa9ts4 ,,xxiv4--,rectifi$ ros9\s oil = pa9t+ mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) oils us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( lubricants = metallic surfaces expos$ to friction4 ,x conta9s a c]ta9 quantity ( ros9 9 solution1 :i*1 on dry+1 fills ! pores ( ! wood completely1 & prev5ts decomposition f ! action ( v>i\s saprophytic fungi4 ,x is well adapt$ to ! pres]vation ( pieces to be buri$ 9 ! gr\nd or expos$ to ! inclem5cy #gha ( ! wea!r4 ,pa9ts c also be prep>$ ) x by ! addition ( color+ p[d]s1 yell[1 br[n1 r$1 gre51 blue1 etc41 9 ! proportion ( #a kilo to #e lit]s ( oil4 ,! addition ought to take place sl[ly1 :ile %ak+1 9 ord] to obta9 q a homog5e\s mixture4 ,pa9ts ( ?is k9d are economical1 9 consequ5ce ( ! l[ price ( ros91 b !y _c be us$ 9 ! int]ior ( dwell+s by reason ( ! /rong & disagreeable odor dis5gag$1 ev5 a long "t aft] _! application4 ,z an (fset1 !y c be us$ l t> & c>bonyl1 = /alls1 /ables1 etc4 ,to ,prev5t ,w>p+4--,imm]se ! wood to be work$ ^u 9 a conc5trat$ solution ( sea salt = a week or s4 ,! wood ?us prep>$1 aft] hav+ be5 work$ ^u1 w resi/ all *anges ( temp]ature4 ,,/a9s ,,= ,,wood4 ,9 ! /a9+ ( wood x is n en\gh to "k m]ely h[ to prep>e & h[ to apply ! v>i\s /a9+ solutions2 a rational ex]cise ( ! art ( wood /a9+ dem&s r a c]ta9 acqua9tance ) ! v>ieties ( wood to be op]at$ ^u1 a k ( _! sep>ate relations to ! individual /a9s !mselves2 = ) "o & ! same /a9 v diff]5t effects are obta9$ :5 appli$ to ! v>y+ species ( wood4 ,su* a div]sity ( effects arises f ! v>y+ *emical composition ( wood4 ,no unimportant rle is play$ by ! pres5ce 9 great] or less] quantities ( tann91 :i* acts *emically ^u _m ( ! /a9s & =ms ) !m v>i\s color$ v>ni%es 9 ! fib]s4 ,two examples w suffice to make ?is cle>4 7#a7 ,let u take p9e or fir1 9 :i* b little ( ! tann+ pr9ciple is f\nd1 & /a9 x ) a solution ( #ej p>ts ( potassium *romate 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( pure wat]2 ! result w be a pla9 pale yell[ color1 correspond+ ) ! potassium *romate1 :i* is n fa/ & z a consequ5ce is ( no value4 ,if1 ) ! same solution1 on ! contr>y1 we /a9 oak1 9 :i* ! tann+ pr9ciple is v abundant1 we obta9 a beautiful yell[i%-br[n color :i* is capable ( )/&+ ! effects ( bo? light & air = "s "t2 = ! tann9 ( ! oak comb9es ) ! p5etrat+ potassium *romate to =m a br[n dye/uff :i* deposits 9 ! woody cells4 ,a simil> proc$ure occurs 9 ! /a9+ ( mahogany & walnut ) ! *romate because ^! v>ieties ( wood are v ri* 9 tann94 7#b7 ,take "s ( ! same p9e or fir & /a9 x ) a solution ( #bj p>ts ( sulphate ( iron 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( wat] & !re w be no p]ceptible color4 ,apply ?is /a91 h[ev]1 to ! oak & we get a beautiful light gray1 & if ! /a9 be pa9t$ ) a bru% on ! smoo!r oak5 bo>d1 9 a %ort "t a /rong blui%-gray t9t w appe>4 ,?is effect ( ! /a9 is ! result ( ! comb9ation ( ! gre5 vitriol ) ! tann92 ! m tann9 pres5t1 ! d>k] ! /a9 becomes4 ,! h>dness or d5sity ( ! wood1 too1 ex]ts a m>k$ influ5ce ^u ! result+ /a94 ,9 a s(t wood1 hav+ l>ge pores1 ! /a9 n only s9ks fur!r 91 b mu* m ( x is requir$ ?an 9 a h>d d5se wood2 h5ce 9 ! fir/ place a /rong]1 greasi] /a9 w be obta9$ ) ! same solution ?an 9 ! latt]4 ,f ?is we le>n t 9 s(t woods x is m advisable to use a ?9n] /a9 to arrive at a c]ta9 tone2 :ile ! solution may be made ?ick] or /rong] = h>d woods4 ,! same =mula or ! same /a9+ solution _c be reli$ ^u to give ! same results at all times ev5 :5 appli$ to ! same k9ds ( wood4 ,a great] or less] am\nt ( ros9 or sap 9 ! wood at ! "t ! tree is fell$1 w (f] m or less resi/ance to ! p]meat+ t5d5cies ( ! /a91 s t ! color may be at "o "t mu* light]1 at ano!r d>k]4 ,mu* aft] ! same mann] we f9d t ! am\nt ( ! tann+ pr9ciple is n always equal 9 ! same species ( wood4 ,"h mu* dep5ds ^u ! age ( ! tree z well z ^u ! climatic conditions surr\nd+ ! place :]e x grew4 ,moreov]1 ! fundam5tal color ( ! wood itself may v>y greatly 9 examples ( ! same species & ?us1 p>ticul>ly 9 light1 delicate %ades1 cause an important delay 9 ! realization ( ! f9al color tone4 ,because ( ?is div]sification1 n only 9 ! diff]5t species ( wood1 b ev5 9 sep>ate specim5s ( ! same species1 x is almo/ impossible always1 & at ! fir/ attempt1 to mat* a c]ta9 pr$et]m9$ color4 ,x is desirable t trials at /a9+ %\ld fir/ be made ^u pieces ( bo>d f ! same wood z ! object to be /a9$2 ! results ( su* exp]im5ts furni%+ exact data conc]n+ ! /r5g? & composition ( ! /a9 to be employ$ = ! exact reproduction ( a prescrib$ color4 #ghb ,_m cases occur 9 :i* ! color tone obta9$ by /a9+ _c always be judg$ directly aft] apply+ ! /a94 ,especially is ?is ! case :5 /a9 is employ$ :i* sl[ly develops "u ! action ( ! air or :5 ! dye/uff p5etrates only sl[ly into ! pores ( ! wood4 ,9 su* cases ! effect ( ! /a9+ may only be fully & completely appreciat$ aft] ! lapse ( #bd or #dh h\rs4 ,wood t has be5 /a9$ %\ld always be all[$ #bd or #dh h\rs to dry 9 ord9>y temp]atures1 be=e a coat ( v>ni%1 poli%1 or wax is appli$4 ,if any dampness be left 9 ! wood ?is w make itself app>5t ^u ! v>ni% or poli%4 ,x w become dull1 lose its glossy appe>ance1 & exhibit :ite spots :i* c only be remov$ ) difficulty4 ,if a c]ta9 effect dem& ! application ( two or m /a9s "o ^u ! o!r1 ?is may only be done by af=d+ ea* di/9ct coat "t to dry1 :i* requires at lea/ #bd h\rs4 ,n all ! dyes1 :i* are applicable to wood /a9+1 c be pr(itably us$ toge!r1 ei!r :5 sep>ately appli$ or mix$4 ,?is injunction is to be c>efully not$ 9 ! application ( coal t> or anil9e colors4 ,among ! anil9e dyes suitable = /a9+ woods are two gr\ps--! s-call$ acid dyes & ! basic dyes4 ,if a solution ( an acid dye be mix$ ) a basic dye ! effect ( _! antagoni/ic dispositions is %[n 9 ! cl\d+ up ( ! /a91 a f9e precipitate is visible & (t5 a ros9-l sep>ation is noticeable4 ,x is ne$less to say t su* a /a9+ solution is useless = any practical purpose4 ,x _c p5etrate ! wood fib]s & w\ld pres5t b an unseemly & = ! mo/ "p a flaky appe>ance4 ,9 prep>+ ! /a9s x is !re=e ( ! greate/ importance t !y rema9 la/+ly cle>4 ,x w\ld be consid]ably ( advantage1 be=e mix+ anil9e solutions ( :i* ! acid or basic *>act]i/ics are unkn[n1 to make a te/ on a small scale 9 a *ampagne glass & aft] /&+ a %ort "t c>efully exam9e ! solution4 ,if x has become cl\dy or want+ 9 transp>5cy x is a sign t a sep>ation ( ! color+ matt] has tak5 place4 ,! mix+ ( acid or basic dye/uffs ev5 9 dry p[d]$ =m is att5d$ ) ! same disadvantages z 9 ! /ate ( solubility1 = j z soon z !y are dissolv$ 9 wat] ! reactions comm5ce & ! natural process ( precipitation takes place ) all its att5d+ disagreeable consequ5ces4 ,,color ,,/a9s3 ,bronze4--,i4--,prep>e fir/ a ?9 glue size by soak+ good animal glue ov] night 9 cold wat] & melt+ x next morn+ 9 ! usual wat] ba?4 ,/ra9 x1 be=e us+1 ?r\gh old l95 or *eese clo? into a clean vessel4 ,s&pap] smoo? & du/ ! articles1 !n apply ) a s(t bri/le bru% #b or #c coats ( ! size1 all[+ suffici5t "t = ea* coat to h>d5 be=e apply+ ! next4 ,n[1 a gr\nd coat made by ?or\ghly mix+ f9ely bolt$ gild]s' :it+ & glue size is appli$1 & :5 ?is has become h>d x is rubb$ to a smoo?1 ev5 surface ) select$ f9e pumice1 & !n giv5 #a coat ( ?9 copal v>ni%4 ,:5 ?is is ne>ly b n q dry1 ! bronze p[d] is appli$ ) a suitable bru% or wad ( cotton1 & :5 dry ! surplus bronze is remov$ ) ! same tool4 ,if collect$ on clean pap]1 ! du/$-(f bronze p[d] may be us$ aga94 ,,ii4--,dilut$ wat]-glass solution makes a good gr\nd = bronze4 ,bronze p[d] is spr9kl$ on f a wide-neck$ glass ti$ up ) gauze1 & ! excess remov$ by g5tly knock+4 ,! bronze p[d] adh]es s firmly aft] dry+ t a poli% may be put on by means ( an agate4 ,! process is especially useful = repair+ worn-(f picture frames1 book ornam5tations1 etc4 ,! foll[+ bronze gr\nd also yields good results3 ,boil #aa1jjj p>ts ( l9se$ oil ) #be p>ts ( impure z9c c>bonate1 #ajj p>ts ( r$ lead1 #be p>ts ( li?>ge1 & #j4c p>ts ( m]curic *loride1 until a drop tak5 out w /& l a pea ^u a glass surface4 ,be=e complete cool+1 ! mass is dilut$ ) oil ( turp5t9e to a ?ick syrup4 ,ebony ,/a9s4--,i4--,to #a p9t ( boil+ wat] add #c_/d ounce ( copp]as & #a ounce logwood *ips4 ,apply ?is to ! wood hot4 ,:5 ! surface has dri$ ?or\ghly wet x ) a solution compos$ ( #g ounces /eel fil+s dissolv$ 9 #a_/d p9t ( v9eg>4 ,,ii4--,give ! wood sev]al applications ( a /\t decoction ( logwood *ips1 f9i%+ (f ) a free sme> ( v9eg> 9 :i* ru/y nails h be5 = "s "t subm]g$4 ,,iii4--,9 #a qu>t ( wat] boil #a_/d p\nd ( logwood *ips1 subsequ5tly add+ #a_/b ounce pe>l a%1 apply+ ! mixture #ghc hot4 ,!n aga9 boil ! same quantity ( logwood 9 ! same quantity ( wat]1 add+ #a_/d ounce ( v]digris & #a_/d ounce ( copp]as1 aft] :i* /ra9 & put 9 #a_/d p\nd ( ru/y /eel fil+s4 ,) ?is latt] mixture coat ! "w1 &1 %\ld ! wood n be suffici5tly black1 repeat ! application4 ,metallic ,lu/]4--,a valuable process to imp>t ! lu/] ( metal to ord9>y wood1 )\t injur+ its natural qualities1 is z foll[s3 ,! wood is laid1 accord+ to its weight1 = #c or #d days 9 a cau/ic alkal9e solution1 su* z1 = in/ance1 ( calc9$ soda1 at a temp]ature ( #agj ,f4 ,!n x is at once plac$ 9 a ba? ( calcium hydrosulphite1 to :i*1 aft] #bd to #cf h\rs1 a saturat$ solution ( sulphur 9 cau/ic pota% is add$4 ,9 ?is mixture ! wood is left = #dh h\rs at #ajj to #abj ,f4 ,! wood ?us prep>$1 aft] hav+ be5 dri$ at a mod]ate temp]ature1 is poli%$ by means ( a smoo?+ iron1 & ! surface assumes a v h&some metallic lu/]4 ,! effect ( ?is metallic gloss is /ill m pleas+ if ! wood is rubb$ ) a piece ( lead1 z9c1 or t94 ,if x is subsequ5tly poli%$ ) a burni%] ( glass or porcela91 ! wood ga9s ! brilliancy ( a metallic mirror4 ,nutwood4--,"o "p p]manganate ( potassium is dissolv$ 9 #cj p>ts cle> wat]2 ) ?is ! wood to be /a9$ is coat$ twice4 ,aft] an action ( #e m9utes1 r9se (f ) wat]1 dry1 oil1 & poli%4 ,x is be/ to prep>e a fre% solution ea* "t4 ,oak4--,i4--,wat]-color /a9s d n p5etrate deep en\gh into wood to make ! effect /rong en\gh1 h5ce solutions ( o!r mat]ial ?an color are be+ employ$ = ! purpose4 ,aqua ammonia alone1 appli$ ) a rag or bru% repeat$ly1 w d>k5 ! color ( oak to a wea!r$ effect1 b x is n v desirable1 because ( its t5d5cy to raise ! gra94 ,bi*romate ( pota%1 dissolv$ 9 cold wat]1 appli$ 9 a l mann]1 until ! desir$ dep? is obta9$1 w s]ve ! purpose4 ,^! wa%es or solutions1 h[ev]1 d n give ! d>k1 almo/ black1 effect t is at ! pres5t "t expect$ = wea!r$ oak1 & 9 ord] to produce ?is1 #d ounces ( logwood *ips & #c ounces ( gre5 copp]as %\ld be boil$ toge!r 9 #b qu>ts ( wat] = #dj m9utes & ! solution appli$ hot4 ,:5 ?is has dri$ x %\ld be gone ov] ) a wa% made f #d ounces /eel fil+s & #a p9t ( /rong v9eg>4 ,! /eel fil+s are previ\sly put into ! v9eg> & all[$ to /& = sev]al days4 ,?is w p5etrate into ! wood deeply1 & ! /a9 w be p]man5t4 ,picture-frame manufactur]s use a quick-dry+ /a91 made f anil9e blacks4 ,,ii4--,dissolve #a_/d "p ( p]manganate ( potassium 9 #a1jjj p>ts ( cold wat] & pa9t ! wood ) ! violet solution obta9$4 ,z soon z ! solution comes 9 contact ) ! wood x decomposes 9 consequ5ce ( *emical action1 & a h&some light-br[n precipitate is produc$ 9 ! wood4 ,! bru%es us$ mu/ be wa%$ out imm$iately1 z ! p]manganate ( potassium de/roys animal bri/les1 b x is pref]able to use sponges or bru%es ( glass ?reads = /a9+4 ,boil #b p>ts ( cut* 9 #f p>ts ( wat] = #a h\r1 /ir :ile boil+1 s t ! ros9if]\s cate*u _c burn on ! bottom ( ! vessel2 /ra9 ! liquid z soon z ! cut* is dissolv$1 ?r\gh l951 & br+ aga9 to a boil4 ,n[ dissolve !re9 #a_/e "p ( alum1 free f iron2 apply ! /a9 :ile hot1 & cov] aft] ! dry+1 ) a solution ( #a "p ( bi*romate ( potassium 9 #be p>ts ( wat]4 ,rosewood4--,fir/ procure #a_/b p\nd logwood1 boil+ x 9 #c p9ts wat]4 ,cont9ue ! boil+ until ! liquid assumes a v d>k color1 at :i* po9t add #a ounce salt ( t>t>4 ,:5 at ! boil+ po9t /a9 y\r wood ) #b or #c coats1 b n 9 quick succession1 z ! late/ coat mu/ be ne>ly dry be=e ! succe$+ "o is appli$4 ,! use ( a fiat gra9+ bru%1 deftly h&l$1 w produce a v excell5t imitation ( d>k rosewood4 ,silv] ,gray4--,?is /a9 is prep>$ by dissolv+ #a "p ( pyrogallic acid 9 #be p>ts ( w>m wat] & ! wood is coat$ ) ?is4 ,all[ ?is coat+ to dry & prep>e1 mean:ile1 a solution ( #b p>ts ( gre5 vitriol 9 #ej p>ts ( boil+ wat]1 ) :i* ! fir/ coat+ is cov]$ aga9 to obta9 ! silv]-gray %ade4 ,walnut4--,i4--,prep>e a solution ( #f ounces ( a solution ( p]manganate ( potassium1 & #f ounces ( sulphate ( magnesia 9 #b qu>ts ( hot wat]4 ,! solution is appli$ on ! wood ) a bru% & ! application %\ld be repeat$ once4 ,9 contact ) ! wood ! p]manganate decomposes1 & a h&some1 la/+ walnut color results4 ,if small pieces ( wood are to be ?us /a9$1 a v dilute ba? is prep>$ #ghd accord+ to ! above description1 !n ! wood5 pieces are imm]s$ & left !re9 f #a to #e m9utes1 accord+ to :e!r a light] or d>k] color+ is desir$4 ,,ii4--,"o hundr$weight ,v&yke br[n1 gr\nd f9e 9 wat]1 & #bh p\nds ( soda1 dissolv$ 9 hot wat]1 are mix$ :ile ! solutions are hot 9 a revolv+ mix]4 ,! mixture is !n dri$ 9 %eet-iron trays4 ,yell[4--,! wood is coat$ ) a hot conc5trat$ solution ( picric acid1 dri$1 & poli%$4 7,picric acid is poison\s47 ,,imitation ,,/a9s4 ,yell[1 gre51 blue1 or gray /a9+ on wood c be easily imitat$ ) a little glaz+ color 9 oil or v9eg>1 :i* w prove bett] & m p]man5t ?an ! /a9+4 ,if ! pores ( ! wood are op5$ by a lye or a salt1 almo/ any dilut$ color c be work$ into x4 ,) mo/ /a9s ! surface is ?us prep>$ previ\sly4 ,light-,fa/ ,/a9s4--,/a9s fa/ to light are obta9$ by saturat+ wood 9 a vacuum *amb]1 fir/ ) dilute sulphuric acid1 !n ) dilute alkali to neutralize ! acid1 & f9ally ) a solution ) or )\t ! addition ( a mordant4 ,! action ( ! acid is to increase ! aff9ity ( ! wood = dye v mat]ially4 ,z wood consi/s l>gely ( cellulose1 m]c]ization1 :i* always increases ! aff9ity ( t sub/ance = dyes1 may be caus$ to "s ext5t by ! acid4 ,,_s ,,/a9s3 ,black4-- ,i4--,:ite %ellac #ab ounces ,vegetable black #f ounces ,me?ylat$ _s #c p9ts ,,ii4--,lampblack #a p\nd ,gr\nd iron scale #e p\nds ,v9eg> #a gallon ,mahogany ,br[n4--,put into a vessel1 say #d p\nds ( bi*romate ( pota%1 & z _m ounces ( burnt umb]1 let x /& a day or two1 !n /ra9 or lawn = use4 ,v&yke ,br[n4-- ,_s ( w9e #b p9ts ,burnt umb] #c ounces ,v&yke br[n color #a ounce ,c>bonate ( soda #a ounce ,pota% #a_/b ounce ,mahogany4--,rub ! wood ) a solution ( nitr\s acid1 & !n apply ) a bru% ! foll[+3 ,i4--,dragon's blood #a ounce ,sodium c>bonate #f dra*ms ,alcohol #bj ounces ,filt] j be=e use4 ,,ii4--,rub ! wood ) a solution ( potassium c>bonate1 #a dra*m to a p9t ( wat]1 & !n apply a dye made by boil+ toge!r3 ,madd] #b ounces ,logwood *ips #a_/b ounce ,wat] #a qu>t ,maple4-- ,i4--,pale button lac #c p\nds ,bism>ck br[n #a_/h ounce ,v&yke br[n #a_/b ounce ,gamboge #d ounces ,me?ylat$ _s #a gallon ,,ii4--,use #a gallon ( me?ylat$ _s1 #d ounces gamboge 7p[d]$71 #a_/b ounce ,v&yke br[n1 #a dra*m ,bism>ck br[n1 #c p\nds %ellac4 ,m>oon4--,to produce a ri* m>oon or ruby1 /eep r$ ,j&]s wood 9 rectifi$ naph?a & /ir into ! solution a little co*9eal2 /ra9 or lawn = use4 ,turp5t9e ,/a9s4--,turp5t9e /a9s are *iefly solutions ( oil-soluble coal-t> dyes 9 turp5t9e oil1 ) small quantities ( wax also 9 solution4 ,!y d n r\gh5 ! wood1 mak+ a f9al poli%+ unnecess>y4 ,!y ent] ! wood sl[ly1 s t an ev5 /a91 especially on l>ge surfaces1 is secur$4 ,! disadvantages ( turp5t9e /a9s are ! lack ( p]man5ce ( ! color+1 :5 expos$ to light & air1 & _! high price4 ,v>ni% ,/a9s4--,%ellac is ! *ief article =m+ ! basis ( v>ni% /a9s ! color+ matt] be+ usually coal t> or anil9e dyes1 z !y give bett] results ?an dye wood t9cture4 ,to prev5t ! v>ni% /a9 be+ too brittle1 ! addition ( elemi ros9 is a mu* bett] "o ?an common ros91 z ! latt] ret>ds ! dry+ quality1 & if too mu* be us$1 r5d]s ! /a9 /icky4 ,wat] ,/a9s4--,wat] /a9s are solutions ( *emicals1 dye extracts1 a/r+5t sub/ances1 & coal-t> dyes 9 wat]4 ,!y r\gh5 ! wood1 a disadvantage1 h[ev]1 :i* c be rem$i$ to a l>ge ext5t by previ\s treatm5t1 z foll[s3 ,! wood is moi/5$ ) a wet sponge1 all[$ to dry1 #ghe & !n rubb$ ) s&pap]1 or made smoo? by o!r ag5cies4 ,?is almo/ entirely prev5ts r\gh5+ ( ! surface by ! /a94 ,ano!r disadvantage ( ^! /a9s is t !y are rapidly absorb$ by ! wood1 :i* makes an ev5 /a9+ ( l>ge surfaces difficult4 ,= ?is too !re is a rem$y4 ,! surface ( ! wood is rubb$ all ov] ev5ly ) raw l9se$ oil1 appli$ ) a wool5 clo?1 all[$ to dry1 & !n ?or\ghly smoo!d ) s&pap]4 ,! wat] /a91 appli$ ) a sponge1 n[ spreads ev5ly1 & is b slightly absorb$ by ! wood4 ,among good wat] /a9s are ! long-kn[n ,cassel br[n & nut br[n1 9 granules4 ,cate*9e is recomm5d$ = br[n %ades1 ) tann9 or pyrogallic acid & gre5 vitriol = gray4 ,= bright-color$ /a9s ! t>-dyes az9e gre51 croce9e sc>let1 ,p>isian r$1 t>traz9e1 wat]-soluble nigros91 walnut1 & oak br[n are v suitable4 ,) prop] mix+ ( ^! dyes1 all colors except blue & violet c be produc$1 & prove v fa/ to light & air1 & sup]ior to turp5t9e /a9s4 ,only ! blue & violet dyes1 me?yl blue1 naph?ol blue1 & pure violet1 d n come up to ! /&>d1 & require a second /a9+ ) tann94 ,a v simple me?od ( prep>+ wat] /a9s is z foll[s3 ,solutions are made ( ! dyes mo/ us$1 by dissolv+ #ejj p>ts ( ! dye 9 #aj1jjj p>ts ( hot wat]1 & ^! are kept 9 bottles or casks4 ,any desir$ /a9 c be prep>$ by mix+ prop] quantities ( ! solutions1 :i* c be dilut$ ) wat] to make light] /a9s4 ,/a9s = ,wood ,attack$ by ,alkalies or ,acids4-- ,solution ,a ,copp] sulphate #abe grams ,potassium *lorate #abe grams ,wat] #a1jjj cu4 cm4 ,boil until all is dissolv$4 ,solution ,b ,anil9e hydro*loride #aej grams ,wat] #a1jjj cu4 cm ,apply ,solution ,a twice by means ( a bru%1 all[+ "t to dry aft] ea* coat2 next1 put on ,solution ,b & let dry aga94 ,on ! day foll[+1 rub on a little oil ) a clo? & repeat ?is once a mon?4 ,,sub/itutes ,,= ,,wood4 ,i4--,acetic p>aldehyde or acetic aldehyde respectively1 or polym]iz$ =maldehyde is mix$ ) me?ylic alcohol & c>bolic acid1 z well z fusel oil saturat$ ) hydro*loric acid gas or sulphuric acid gas or me?ylic alcohol1 respectively1 are add$ to ! mixture4 ,! mass ?us obta9$ is treat$ ) p>aff9e4 ,! f9al product is useful z a sub/itute = ebonite & wood z well z = insulat+ purposes4 ,,ii4--8,c>ton ,pi]re0 is ! "n ( a mass :i* is us$ z a sub/itute = c>v$ wood4 ,x is prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,glue is dissolv$ & boil$2 to ?is1 tissue pap] 9 suitable quantity is add$1 :i* w readily g to pieces4 ,!n l9se$ oil is add$1 & f9ally *alk is /irr$ 94 ,! hot mass =ms a ?ick d\gh :i* crumbles 9 ! cold1 b s(t5s betwe5 ! f+]s & becomes kneadable1 s t x c be press$ into molds 7( glue1 gypsum1 & sulphur74 ,aft] a few days ! mass w become dry & almo/ z h>d z /one4 ,! pap] imp>ts to x a high degree ( firmness1 & x is less apt to be injur$ ?an wood4 ,x b9ds well & readily adh]es to wood4 ,,iii4--,wood ,pulp4--,! bo>ds = pa9t]s' ut5sils are manufactur$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! ord9>y wood fib] 7n ! *emical wood cellulose7 is well mix$ ) soluble glass ( #cc ,b41 !n spread l cake ^u an ev5 surface1 & beat5 or roll$ until smoo?4 ,be=e completely dry1 ! cake is remov$1 fa9tly sat9$ 7= v>i\s o!r purposes x is emboss$7 & f9ally dri$ ?or\ghly at a temp]ature ( ab\t #acc ,f41 :]eupon ! mass may be saw$1 c>v$1 poli%$1 etc41 l wood4 ,any desir$ wood color c be obta9$ by ! admixture ( ! correspond+ pulv]iz$ pigm5t to ! mass4 ,! wood ve9+ is produc$ by plac+ a bo>d ( ! species ( timb] to be imitat$1 9 v9eg>1 :i* causes ! s(t p>ts ( ! wood to deep51 & mak+ an impression ) ! orig9al bo>d ?us treat$ ^u ! wood pulp :5 ! latt] is n q h>d4 ,by means ( "o ( ^! orig9al bo>ds 7) ! ve9s emboss$71 impressions c be made ^u a l>ge numb] ( artificial wood plates4 ,! ve9s w %[ to a great] advantage if ! artificial wood is subsequ5tly saturat$ & treat$ ) color$ oil1 color$ /a9 & color$ poli%1 z is done ) palettes4 ,,wood1 ,,acid-,,pro(3 ,see ,acid-,pro(+4 ,,wood ,,cem5ts3 ,see ,adhesives4 #ghf ,,wood1 ,,*lor9e-,,pro(+3 ,see ,acid-,pro(+4 ,,wood1 ,,firepro(+3 ,see ,firepro(+4 ,,wood ,,gild+3 ,see ,plat+4 ,,wood1 ,,imitation3 ,see ,pla/]4 ,,wood ,,poli%es3 ,see ,poli%es4 ,,wood ,,r5ovators3 ,see ,clean+ ,prep>ations & ,me?ods "u ,pa9t1 ,v>ni%1 & ,enamel ,remov]s4 ,,wood1 ,,secur+ ,,metals ,,to3 ,see ,adhesives4 ,,wood1 ,,wat]pro(+3 ,see ,wat]pro(+4 ,,wood',s ,,metal3 ,see ,alloys4 ,,wool ,,fat3 ,see ,fats4 ,,worm ,,p[d] ,,= ,,/ock3 ,see ,vet]9>y ,=mulas4 ,,writ+1 ,,re/or+ ,,fad$3 ,writ+ on old manuscripts1 p>*m5ts1 & old lett]s t has fad$ into ne>ly or complete invisibility c be re/or$ by rubb+ ov] x a solution ( ammonium sulphide1 hydrog5 sulphide or ( 8liv] ( sulphur40 ,on p>*m5t ! re/or$ color is fairly p]man5t b on pap] x does n la/ long4 ,! lett]s h[ev] c\ld be easily retrac$1 aft] su* treatm5t1 by ! use ( ,india ink & ?us made p]man5t4 ,?is treatm5t w n re/ore fad$ anil9e ink4 ,x only works ) ink conta9+ a metal-l iron t =ms a black sulphide4 ,,wr9kles1 ,,removal ,,(3 ,see ,cosmetics4 ,yea/ ,,dry ,,yea/4 ,boil toge!r = #a_/b h\r1 #ie p>ts ( ! f9e/1 grat$ hops & #d1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,/ra94 ,add to ! w>m liquor #a1gej p>ts ( rye meal or fl\r4 ,:5 ! temp]ature has fall5 to t ( ! room add #afg p>ts ( good yea/4 ,on ! foll[+ day ! mass w be 9 a /ate ( f]m5tation4 ,:ile x is 9 ?is condition add #d1jjj p>ts ( b>ley fl\r1 s z to =m a d\gh4 ,?is d\gh is cut up into ?9 disks1 :i* are dri$ z rapidly z possible 9 ! op5 air or sun4 ,= use1 ! disks are brok5 into small pieces & soak$ ov]night 9 w>m wat]4 ,! yea/ c be us$ on ! foll[+ day z if x 7 ord9>y brew]s' yea/4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,yea/4 ,i4--,! yea/ is laid 9 a vessel ( cold wat] :i* is !reupon plac$ 9 a well-v5tilat$1 cool spot4 ,9 ?is mann] ! yea/ c be pres]v$ = sev]al weeks4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve ! yea/ = sev]al mon?s a diff]5t process mu/ be foll[$4 ,! yea/1 aft] hav+ be5 press$1 is ?or\ghly dri$4 ,= ?is purpose ! yea/ is cut up into small pieces :i* are roll$ out1 plac$ on blott+ pap]1 & all[$ to dry 9 a place :i* is n rea*$ by ! sun4 ,^! rolls are !n grat$1 aga9 dri$1 & f9ally plac$ 9 glass bottles4 ,= use1 ! yea/ is dissolv$1 :]eupon x imm$iately rega9s its fre%ness4 ,?is process is p>ticul>ly to be recomm5d$ because x pres]ves ! yea/ = a long p]iod4 ,,ii4--,= liquid yea/ add "o-eigh? ( its volume 9 glyc]9e4 ,9 ! case ( compress$ yea/1 ! cakes are to be cov]$ ) glyc]9e & kept 9 clos$ vessels4 ,ano!r me?od ( pres]v+ compress$ yea/ is to mix x intimately ) animal *>coal to a d\gh1 :i* is to be dri$ by exposure to sunlight4 ,:5 x is to be us$1 x is treat$ ) wat]1 :i* w take up ! f]m5t matt]1 :ile ! *>coal w be deposit$4 ,liquid & compress$ yea/ h be5 kept = a consid]able "t1 )\t alt]ation1 by saturat+ ! =m] ) *lor(orm & keep+ ! latt] "u *lor(orm wat]4 ,,yea/ ,,te/s4 ,i4--,p\r a few drops ( yea/ into boil+ wat]4 ,if ! yea/ s9ks1 x is spoil$2 if x floats1 x is good4 ,,ii4--,to #a p\nd yea/ add #a_/b tablespoonful ( corn :isky or br&y1 a p9* ( sug>1 & #b tablespoonfuls ( :eat fl\r4 ,mix ?or\ghly & all[ ! resultant comp\nd to /& 9 a w>m place4 ,if ! yea/ is good x w rise 9 ab\t an h\r4 ,,yea/ ,,& ,,f]tiliz]s3 ,see ,f]tiliz]s4 ,,yell[ 7,,*rome71 ,,te/ ,,=3 ,see ,pigm5ts4 #ghg ,,index ,a ,abs9!1 #gfe ,absolute ,alcohol1 #de ,abrasion ,rem$y1 #bbe1 #dhf ,acacia1 ,mucilage (1 #dc ,acid-free ,sold]+ ,fluid1 #fei ,acid-pro( ,alloy1 #fb ,cem5t1 #bf ,corks1 #aj ,glass1 #cgd ,acid-pro(+1 #i ,acid-pro( ,pa/es1 #ch ,putty1 #fjg ,table ,top1 #i ,acid ,receptacles1 ,l9+ =1 #aj ,acid-resi/+ ,pa9t1 #dii ,acids1 ,sold]+1 #fef ,acid ,/a9s ,remov$1 #ahd ,te/ = ,gold1 #dcb = ,v9eg>1 #ceh ,aconite-,monk%ood ,poison1 #ic ,adhesion1 #aje ,belt ,pa/es = ,increas+1 #aje ,adhesive ,pa/e1 #cg1 #ci ,adhesives1 #aj ,adv]tis+ ,matt]1 to ,sc5t1 #eaj ,adult]ants 9 ,foods1 #cdh ,adult]ation ( ,l9se$ ,oil1 #dfj ( ,wax1 #gec ,adurol ,develop]1 #ebg ,affix+ ,labels to ,glass1 #db ,ag> ,ag> ,pa/e1 #cg ,agate1 ,buttons ( ,artificial1 #dd ,agate 7,imitation71 #cgj ,age ( ,eggs1 #bhc ,ag+ ( ,silk1 #fci ,agricultural ,s\rces ( ,indu/rial ,alcohol1 #ffh ,air ,ba?1 #dd ,bubbles 9 ,gelat9e1 #cgj ,exclusion (1 #eec ,air-purify+1 #dd ,albata ,metal1 #fc ,album51 #cd 9 ,ur9e1 ,detection (1 #dd ,pa/e1 #cg ,alcohol1 #dd ,absolute1 #de ,def9$1 #ffg ,deodoriz$1 #de1 #ead ,dilution (1 #de1 #gjc 9 ,be]1 #de ,manufacture1 #ffg1 #fgd ,solid1 #de ,te/s = ,absolute1 #de ,ale1 #df ,g+]1 #ajg ,alf5ide ,metal1 #fc ,alkali ,blue & ,ni*olson's ,blue ,dye1 #bfg ,alkalis & ,_! ,salts ,poison1 #ic ,alkal9e ,glyc]9e ( ,?ymol1 #ajj ,alkaloids1 ,antidotes to1 #ajb ,alk]mes ,cordial1 #gfc ,alloy1 ,acid-pro(1 #fb = ,calip] & ,gage-rod ,ca/+s1 #hj = ,wat* ,p9ion ,sockets1 #gcf ,lip[itz's1 #fa ,m\ssets'1 #gf ,alloys1 #dg ,copp]1 ,silv]1 ,cadmium1 #gf = ,ca/+ ,co9s1 etc41 #fb = ,cem5t+ ,glass1 #eb = ,draw+ ,colors on ,/eel1 #hj = ,metal ,foil1 #dgd = ,small ,ca/+ ,molds1 #hj hav+ a ,d5sity1 #dh ,silv]1 ,nickel1 ,z9c1 #gf ,t91 #gg ,unclassifi$1 #hj ,almond ,blossom ,p]fum]y1 #eah ,cold ,cream1 #bce ,extracts1 #cab ,p[d]s = ! ,toilet1 #bdb ,alt>s1 to ,clean1 #ahe ,alum1 #hj ,bak+ ,p[d]1 #ajb ,ba?1 #ece ,process ( ,wat] ,purification1 #cdj ,alum9um ,alloys1 #dh ,electrical ,conductivity (1 #ej ,alum9um-brass1 #ej ,alum9um ,bronze1 #ef1 #feg ,ca/+s1 #aej ,alum9um-,copp]1 #ej ,alum9um ,gild+1 #egf ,gold1 #fh ,et*+ ,fluid =1 #cbd ,h[ to ,color1 #hj ,lacqu] =1 #dch ,pap]1 #ejg ,plat+1 #egb1 #eha ,poli%es1 #eij ,alum9um-,silv]1 #ej1 #ge ,alum9um ,sold]s1 #feg ,alum9um-,t91 #ej ,alum9um1 to ,clean1 #bjd ,t\ghness1 ,d5sity & ,t5acity1 #hc ,alum9um-,tung/51 #ej ,alum9um ,v>ni%1 #gbe ,work+ ( ,%eet1 #hc ,alum9um-,z9c1 #ej ,amalgam = ,cem5t+ ,glass1 etc41 #ij = ,pla/]1 #fe = ,silv]+ ,glass ,balls1 #ij = ! ,rubb] ( ,electric ,ma*9es1 #ij ,gold ,plat+1 #egf ,amalgams1 #fd1 #he = ,mirrors1 #gb ,amb]1 #ij ,cem5ts1 #bf ,v>ni%1 #gah ,ambrosia ,p[d]1 #fbh ,am]ican ,*ampagne1 #aah ,factory ,*eese1 #agf ,lemonade1 #aaj ,soda ,f\nta9 ,company's ,:ipp$ ,cream1 #bdh ,ame?y/ 7,imitation71 #cgj ,amidol ,develop]1 #ebh ,ammon-c>bonite1 #cca ,ammonia1 #ia = ,fix+ ,pr9ts1 #ecf ,h\sehold1 #ia ,poison1 #ic ,violet ,color =1 #ia ,wat]1 #bde1 #eai ,p]fum$1 #ia ,an*ovies1 ,ess5ce (1 #ih ,an*ovy ,pa/e1 #ih ,prep>ations1 #ih ,sauce1 ,extemporane\s1 #ih ,ango/ura ,bitt]s1 #gfb ,anise ,cordial1 #gfc ,anil9e1 #bff ,black ,dye1 #bff1 #bgi ,sub/itutes1 #bgi ,black ,lake ,dye1 #bgh ,blue ,dye1 #bfh ,gre5 ,dye = ,wool1 #bfi = ,silk1 #bfi 9 ,pigm5ts1 ,te/s =1 #efj ,sc>let ,dye1 #bga ,/a9s1 to ,remove1 #ahe ,yell[ ,dye1 #bga ,animals1 ,fly ,protection =1 #dai ,ank>a1 #adb ,anneal+ ,bronze1 #ef ,copp]1 #bai ,anneal+ ( ,/eel1 ,wire1 etc41 #fha ,anodynes1 #dhf ,ansco ,plat9um ,pap]1 #ebi ,ant ,de/roy]s1 #dbj ,anti-corrosive or ,asiatic ,ink1 #dad ,antidotes = ,belladonna1 #ic = ,poisons1 #ib ,anti-f]m5ts1 #ig ,anti-f\l+ ,compositions1 #dih ,anti-freez+ ,solution1 #cfb1 #cfc = ,automobili/s1 #cfc ,anti-friction ,be>+ or ,babbitt ,metals1 #ej ,metal1 #eh ,anti-fro/ ,solution1 #cfc ,anti-leak ,rubb] ,tire1 #gjh ,antimony ,poison1 #ic ,ba?s1 #eha ,antique ,bronzes1 #eff ,silv]1 #ehg1 #fci ,imitation (1 #fdj ,antiques1 to ,pres]ve1 #ih ,anti-ru/ ,compositions1 #fbe ,pap] = ,ne$les1 #fbe ,pa/es1 #fbe ,antiseptic ,brom9e ,solution1 #ajj ,enamel1 #gbj ,n]v9e ,o9tm5t1 #dhg ,oil ( ,c9namon1 #ajj ,pa/e 7,poison71 #ii ,p5cils1 #ii ,p[d]s1 #ih ,soap1 #fdd ,solution1 ,color+ =1 #ajj ,too? ,p[d]1 #bec ,antiseptics1 #ih = ,cag$ ,birds1 #gbi ,m\?1 #ii ,aphtite1 #gj ,apoll9>is ,lemonade1 #aaj ,wat]1 #gdj ,apple ,extract1 #cab ,syrup1 #cab ,applications = ,prickly ,heat1 #cih ( ,b>ium ,amalgams1 #hf ( ,bismu? ,amalgams1 #hh ( ,cadmium ,amalgams1 #hg ( ,copp] ,amalgams1 #hg ( ,gold ,amalgams1 #hi ( ,lead ,amalgams1 #hh ( ,manganese ,amalgams1 #hg ,applications ( ,potassium ,amalgams1 #hf ( ,silv] ,amalgams1 #hh ( ,sodium ,amalgams1 #hf ( ,/rontium ,amalgams1 #hf ( ,t9 ,amalgams1 #hg ( ,z9c ,amalgams1 #hg ,apply+ ,decalcomania ,pictures1 #bej ,apricot ,extract1 #cab ,aqu>ium ,putty1 #fjh ,arg5tan1 #fi ,arguzoid1 #gj ,arm5ian ,cem5t1 #bj ,arms1 ,oil =1 #dfj ,arnica ,salve1 #dhf ,aromatic ,cod-,liv] ,oil1 #dhb ,cotton1 #bdf ,rhub>b ,rem$y1 #ahj ,v9eg>1 #gce ,ars5ic ,alloys1 #fc1 #ge ,ars5ic ,poison1 #ic1 #fad ,art ,bronzes1 #eg1 #eef ( ,lacqu]+1 #dcg ,artificial ,ag+ ( ,fabrics1 #fci ,beeswax1 #ged ,butt]1 #adb ,cid]s1 #aha ,color+ ( ,fl[]s1 #cdf ,egg ,oil1 #bhd ,f]tiliz]s = ,pot ,plants1 #ccf ,fl[]s1 ,dyes =1 #bgb ,fl[] ,f]tiliz]1 #ccg ,horn1 #cif ,lea!r1 #ddg ,m>bles1 #fii ,rubb]1 #fah 8,rubb]$0 ,silk1 #fci ,slate1 #fdc ,violet ,p]fum]y1 #eah ,wat]1 #gci ,asbe/os ,cem5t1 #cj ,fabric1 #cdb ,asphalt & ,pit*1 #cc z ,+r$i5t ( ,rubb]1 #fai 9 ,pa9t+1 #gah ,v>ni%es1 #gah ,assay+ ( ,gold1 #cha ,a/hma ,cures1 #aja ,fumigat+ ,p[d]s1 #aja 9 ,can>ies1 #gbh ,pap]s1 #aja ,a/r+5t = ,horses1 #gcj ,wa% = ,flabby ,sk91 #bcd ,atomic ,weights1 #geh ,atomiz] ,liquid = ,sick ,rooms1 #bfd ,atta*+ ,enamel ,lett]s to ,glass1 #ai by ,cem5t1 #ag ,atrop9e1 ,antidote to1 #ajb ,aqua ,aromatica1 #ajb ,=tis = ! ,t\*/one1 #chc ,poison1 #ib ,regia1 #ajb ,aqu>ium ,cem5ts1 #ca ,automobile ,eng9es1 ,cool+1 #cfc ,automobiles1 ,anti-freez+ ,solution1 #cfc ,axle ,grease1 #dfb ,b ,babbitt-,metals1 #ej ,bak+ ,p[d]s1 #ajb ,balance ,spr+1 #gch ,baldness1 #cib ,balkan ,pa/e1 #ch ,ball ,blue1 #bha1 #ddd ,ball-,room ,floor ,p[d]1 #cde ,balsam1 ,bir*1 #ajc ( ,sulphur1 #chj ,spray ,solution1 #ajc ,balsam1 ,/a9s1 to ,remove1 #aid ,wild-*]ry1 #ajc ,balsams1 #ajb ,balsamic ,c\gh ,syrup1 #baa ,banana ,bronz+ ,solution1 #dhi ,cream1 #aae ,trick1 ! ,burn+1 #faa ,syrup1 #cab ,banjo ,s\r1 #aaj ,b>b]s' ,it*1 #dhf ,p[d]1 #bdc ,b>ium ,amalgams1 #hf ,poison1 #fae ,b>omet]s 7,pap]71 #djb ,ba?1 ,air1 #dd ,metal1 #fc ,p[d]1 #bdb ,tablets1 ,eff]vesc5t1 #ajc ,ba?-tub ,enamel1 #gba ,pa9t1 #eja ,batt]ies1 ,solution =1 #ajd ,basis = ,eff]vesc5t ,salts1 #fbg ,baudo9 ,metal1 #fc ,bav>oise au ,cognac1 #aah ,bay ,rum1 #ajd1 #eac ,be> ,fat1 #ccc ,be>+ ,lubricant1 #dfa ,metal1 #ej ,beauty ,cream1 #bca ,wat]1 #bdd ,b$bug ,de/roy]s1 #dbj ,bee*wood ,furniture ,poli%1 #eic ,beef & ,iron1 #gga ,iron1 & ,w9e1 #ajd ,beef-m>r[ ,pomade1 #bbg ,beef ,peptonoids1 #eji ,pres]vatives1 #cfj ,tea1 #aab ,be]1 #aah ,g+]1 #ajh ,lemon1 #ajh ,re/oration ( ,spoil$1 #aje ,spruce1 #aai ,treacle1 #aai ,weiss1 #aai ,be]s1 ,alcohol 91 #de ,beetle ,p[d]1 #dbe ,bees1 ,f\l ,brood 91 #aje ,beeswax1 ,artificial1 #ged ,belladonna1 ,antidotes to1 #ic ,bell ,metal1 #ea ,belt ,cem5t1 #ca ,glue1 #ae ,lubricant1 #dfb ,pa/es = ,increas+ ,adhesion1 #aje ,bndict9e1 #gfi ,b5gal ,lights1 #fji ,b5t ,glass1 #cga ,b5z9e1 #ajf ,clean+ )1 #bji ,purification (1 #ajf to ,color ,gre51 #ajf ,b5zoic ,acid1 ,detection (1 #cej 9 ,food1 #cej ,b5zoic-acid ,pa/illes1 #baa ,b5zo9-,glyc]9e ,soap1 #feb ,b5zop>al1 #ajg ,b]ge's ,bla/+ ,p[d]1 #ccj ,bev]ages1 #ajg ,yell[ ,color+ =1 #aai ,bibra ,alloy1 #ga ,bicycle ,dipp+ ,v>ni%1 #gai ,bicycle-tire ,cem5t1 #bc ,bicycle ,v>ni%es1 #gai ,bicycles1 ,black ,pa9t =1 #die ,bid]y ,metal1 #hj ,billi>d ,balls1 #adh1 #dbh ,bir* ,balsam1 #ajc ,bir*-,bud ,wat]1 #eai ,bir* ,wat]1 #bdd1 #chi ,bird ,diseases1 ,rem$ies1 #gbh ,foods1 #abj1 #gbi ,bird ,lime1 #deh ,pa/e1 #ade ,tonic1 #gbi ,birds1 ,antiseptic ,wa% =1 #gbi ,con/ipation 91 #gbi ,di>rha 91 #gbi ,biscuit1 ,dog1 #bfe ,bism>ck ,br[n ,dye1 #bfg ,bismu?1 #di ,alloys1 #eb ,amalgams1 ,applications (1 #hh ,bronze1 #gj ,purification (1 #chj to ,purify1 #chj ,bit+ ,(f ,r$-hot ,iron1 #fab ,bitt] ,almond ,oil ,poison1 #ic ,bitt]s1 #gfb ,blackb]ry ,*ol]a ,mixture1 #ahj ,cordial1 #gfc ,blackbo>d ,pa9t & ,v>ni%1 #dhi ,v>ni%1 #gbj ,black ,color on ,brass1 #abi ,dye = ,tann$ ,lea!r1 #ddg on ,cotton1 #bff on ,wool1 = ,mixtures1 #bfg ,black5+ ,iron1 #die 8,black ,eye0 ,lotion1 #ccc ,black ,f9i% = ,brass1 #abi ,grease ,pa9ts1 #bbi ,hair ,dye )\t ,silv]1 #cij ,blackhead ,rem$ies1 #bcb ,black+ ,copp]1 #bba = ,h>ness1 #dej = ,%oes1 #fca ,/ove1 #gjj ,black ,japanese ,v>ni%1 #gai ,lake ,dyes = ,wall-pap]1 #bgh ,m>ble1 ,imitation1 #fii ,m>k+ ,inks1 #djg ,pa9t = ,poli%$ ,iron1 #die ,pat9a1 #ehe ,putty1 #fjg ,rul+ ,ink1 #djc ,%eet ,ru/ ,prev5tive1 #fbd ,/>*1 #fhj ,/raw ,hat ,v>ni%1 #bff ,v>ni%1 #edc1 #edd1 #gai ,wa% = ,ca/+ ,molds1 #aej ,blan*+ ,silv]1 #fdj ,blanket ,wa%+1 #cii ,bla/+ ,p[d]1 #ccj ,blaz+ ,sponge ,trick1 #faa ,blea* = ,h&s1 #bcc ,blea*es1 ,bone1 #dcj ,blea*+1 #abj & ,color+ ,fea!rs1 #cce ,bone ,fat1 #ccc ,cotton by ,/eam+1 #bde ,cotton1 #bde ,fea!rs1 #aba1 #cce ,l951 #abj ( ,l9se$ ,oil1 #dei ( ,vegetable ,fib]s ) ,hydrog5 ,p]oxide1 #bde ,oils1 #dhd ,photographic ,pr9ts ,:ite1 #eec ,silk1 #abj1 #fci ,sk9 ,salves1 #bcd ,solution1 #aba = ,photographs1 #eec ,solutions = ! ,laundry1 #ddf ,sponges1 #fgh ,/raw1 #abj ,tall[s & ,fats1 #ccd ,wool1 #abj ,ble$+1 ,local1 #gja ,blight ,rem$ies1 #aba ,bli/]s1 = ,horses1 #gbi ,block = ,sold]+1 #ffg ,holl[ ,concrete ,build+1 #fia ,ma*9es1 #fid ,blocks ,p\r$ f ,wet ,concrete1 #fid ,blood-r$ ,brick ,/a91 #aff ,blott+ ,pap]1 #ejc ,blue1 ,ball1 #bha ,blue-black ,ink1 #dad ,pat9a1 #ehe ,blue ,bronze1 #ach ,dye = ,hosi]y1 #bfh f ,gre5 at ,night1 #aba ,indelible ,ink1 #djf ,pav+ ,bricks1 #aff ,bluepr9t ,inks1 #djc ,pap] ,mak+1 #ecf ,bluepr9ts1 to ,*ange1 #aba to ,turn ,br[n1 #edb ,wat]pro(+1 #gda ,blue ,rul+ ,ink1 #djc ,sanit>y ,p[d]1 #bfc ,vitriol ,poison1 #id ,blu+1 #ddc ,comp\nds1 #ddc ( ,/eel1 #fhb ,blui%-black ,lake ,dye1 #bgh ,blu% ,p9k ,dye on ,cotton ,textile1 #bgi ,bo>d-siz+1 #ch ,boil$ ,oil1 #dhd ,boil] ,comp\nds1 #aba ,plates1 ,protect+ f ,scales1 #abb ,pressure1 #abc ,scales1 ,prev5tion (1 #abb ,boil+ ! ,l9se$ ,oil1 #dji ,boil ,rem$y1 #aba ,bone ,black1 #abc ,blea*es1 #dcj ,fat1 #ccc ,f]tiliz]s1 #cch or ,ivory ,black1 #abc ,poli%es1 #cie ,unit+ ,glass ,)1 #ag ,bones1 ,a ,te/ = ,brok51 #abd ,treatm5t (1 9 ,manufactur+ ,glue1 #aj ,bookb9d]s' ,v>ni%1 #gbj ,book ,dis9fectant1 #bfc ,h[ to ,op51 #abe ,bookworms1 #dbe ,books1 _! ,pres]vation1 #abd to ,remove ,m>ks f1 #ahf ,boot ,dress+s1 #fca ,lubricant1 #dfj ,boot-top ,liquid1 #fcb ,boots1 ,wat]pro(+1 #gej ,borat$ ,apple ,blossom ,p[d]1 #bdc ,talcum1 #eaj ,borax 9 ,food1 #cej = ,spr9kl+1 #abe ,soap ,p[d]1 #fej ,boric ,acid1 ,detection (1 #cej ,borotonic1 #beh ,bottl+ ,sweet ,cid]1 #aha ,bottle-cap ,lacqu]1 #ddj ,bottle-,capp+ ,mixtures1 #abf ,bottle ,clean]s1 #baj ,deodoriz]1 #abg ,/opp]s1 #gjj ,v>ni%1 #gbj ,wax1 #eec ,bottles1 #abf ,:ite ,glass =1 #cgc ,b\illon1 #aac ,*ick51 #aab ,clam1 #aac ,hot ,egg1 #aab ,tomato ,extract1 #bab ,b[ls ( ,fire ,trick1 #faa ,box ,glue1 #ae ,bradley ,plat9um ,pap]1 #ebi 8,braga10 #aag ,bran1 ,sawdu/ 91 #abf ,br&y1 ,artificial ,fr5*1 #gfh & ,br&y ,bitt]s1 #gfb ,brass1 #abg1 #dce ,a ,bronze =1 #acf ,brass & ,bronze ,protective ,pa9t1 #die ,articles1 ,re/oration (1 #acb ,black ,color on1 #abi ,black ,f9i% =1 #abi ,bronz+1 #eff ,br[n ,color to1 #acj ,clean]s1 #bjb1 #bjc ,color+1 #abi1 #dgc ,colors = ,poli%$1 #abg ,et*+ ,ba? =1 #cbd ,fluid =1 #cbc ,fa/5+ ,porcela9 to1 #ag ,gild+1 #egf ,gra9+ (1 #acj ,brass-,iron 7,ai*'s ,metal71 #ec ,brass ,p>ts1 ,improv$1 #acb ,pickle =1 #acb ,plat9iz+1 #eff ,poli%es1 #eij ,s& ,holes 91 #aej ,sold]s1 #feg to ,ca/ ,yell[1 #ed ,tombac ,color on1 #acj ,unpoli%$ ,color+1 #abh ,v>ni%es ,imitat+ ,gold1 #gbe ,brass+1 #egb1 #eha ,z9c1 ,/eel1 ,ca/ ,iron1 #eha ,brassw>e1 ,gold ,lacqu]s =1 #ddj ,bread1 ,dog1 #bfe ,brea?1 ,fetid1 ,rem$ies =1 #acc ,p]fumes1 #beh ,brew]s' ,yea/1 #cci ,brick & ,tilemak]s' ,glaz$ ,bricks1 #afd ,ar*es1 ,wat]pro(+1 #gda ,brickbat1 ,*eese1 #agf ,brick1 ,blood-r$ ,/a91 #aff ,colors1 #afe ,brickmak]s' ,notes1 #afg ,brick ,poli%es1 #fjj ,/a91 #acc1 #aff ,walls1 to ,clean1 #aig to ,r5ovate1 #aij ,wat]pro(+1 #acd ,bricks1 #afd ,glaze =1 #cgg ( ,s&-lime1 #fhi ,poli% =1 #fjj ,brie1 ,*eese1 #agf ,bright5+ ,pickle1 #dfi ,bright ,r$ ,r\ge1 #bbi ,brilliant9e1 #cij ,florician1 #dhc ,brim/one 7,burn+71 #faa ,bri/ol ,brass 7,pr9ce's ,metal71 #ec ,britannia ,metal1 #ee to ,clean1 #bja ,silv]-plat+1 #ehg ,briti% ,*ampagne1 #aah ,oil1 #dhd ,broc*i]i's ,/yptic1 #gja ,brocq's ,pomade = ,it*+1 #bbh ,brok5 ,bones1 ,a ,te/ =1 #abd ,brom9e1 ,antiseptic1 #ajj ,brom(orm1 #acd ,rum1 #acd ,bronze1 ,alum9um1 #ef ,anneal+1 #ef ,articles1 ,poli% =1 #eia ,ca/+1 #aej ,clean+1 #bjb1 #bje ,color+1 #ach ,dye1 #bgb = ,brass1 #acf ,gild+1 #acg ,lea!r1 #ddg ,lett]+1 #def ,ma*9e1 #eh ,phosphor1 #eh ,poli%es1 #eia ,p[d]1 ,liquid =1 #efg ,bronze ,p[d]s1 #acd1 #aci ,prep>ations1 #ace ,bronze1 ,r5ovation (1 #bje ,silicon1 #fa ,/eel1 #fa ,sub/itutes1 #acg ,t9cture1 #ace1 #acg to ,r5ovate1 #bja ,v>ni%es1 #gbf ,bronzes1 #ee ,art1 #eg ,pickle =1 #ach ,/atu>y1 #eg ,bronz+1 #eff & ,pat9iz+ ( ,articles1 #acf ,engrav$ ,ornam5ts1 #acg ,g5]al ,directions =1 #ace ,liquid1 #acf ,metals1 #efg ( ,brass1 #ega ( ,gas ,fixtures1 #eff ( ,wood1 #ghb ( ,z9c1 #acg ,solutions = ,pa9ts1 #dhi ) ,soluble ,glass1 #aci ,broo*es1 ,photograph+ on1 #eea ,br[n ,dye = ,cotton1 #bfg = ,silk1 #bfg = ,wool1 #bfg & ,silk1 #bfg ,hair ,dye1 #cij ,br[n+ ( ,/eel1 #ehc ,br[n ,ink1 #dad ,o9tm5t1 #dhf ,oxidation on ,bronze1 #aci ,%oe ,dress+1 #fcb ,br[n/one1 ,imitation1 #acc ,br[n ,t9ts1 #eei ,v>ni%1 #gbf ,brunette or ,ra*elle ,p[d]1 #bdb ,bru%es1 #adj ,bubble 7,soap71 ,liquid1 #fee ,bubbles1 #ada 9 ,gelat9e1 #cgj ,buff ,t]ra-,cotta ,slip1 #aff ,:eels1 ,r\ge =1 #fah ,bug ,kill]s1 #dbj ,build+ ,blocks1 ,concrete1 #fia ,bunions1 #bbd ,burn+ ,banana ,trick1 #ajc ,brim/one1 #faa ,seal+ ,wax1 #faa ,burns1 #dhf ,c>bolic ,acid1 #adg ,mixture =1 #adb ,burnt ,alum1 #hj ,/eel1 to ,re/ore1 #fhf ,butt]1 #adb1 #ced ,artificial1 ,te/s =1 #ced ,color1 #adb1 #cei ,butt]milk1 ,artificial1 #adc ,buttons ( ,artificial ,agate1 #dd ,plat9e =1 #hj ,c ,cadmium ,alloy1 ab\t ! ,h>dness ( ,z9c1 #gg ,alloys1 #fa1 #fd ) ,gold1 ,silv]1 & ,copp]1 #fb ,amalgams1 ,applications (1 #hg ,calcium ,c>bide1 #add ,sulphide 7,lum9\s71 #did ,cam]a1 ,r5ovat+ a1 #eec ,camp*ello1 #aag ,camphor = ,*ol]a1 #ahj ,camphorat$ & ,c>bolat$ ,p[d]s1 #beb ,cold ,cream1 #bbf ,ice1 #ade ,pomade1 #ade ,prep>ations1 #add ,camphorat$ ,sub/itutes 9 ! ,prep>ation ( ,celluloid1 #aeg ,can>y-,bird ,food1 #gbi ,pa/e1 #ade ,can>y ,birds1 ,_! ,diseases1 #gbi ,concrete1 #fhi ,c&les1 #ade ,color+1 #ade1 #adf ,fumigat+1 #cfe ,transp>5t1 #ade ,c&y1 #baf ,colors & ,flavors1 #bah ,orange ,drops1 #baf ,cann$ ,vegetables1 #ceb ,cann+1 #fjb )\t ,sug>1 #fjc ,can?>ides & ,mod]n ,potato ,bug ,poison1 #id ,pomade1 #cib ,c ,v>ni%1 #gbj ,canvas ,wat]pro(+1 #gdb ,ca\t*\c1 #fah ,solution = ,pa9ts1 #gai ,capacities ( ,ut5sils1 #gjc ,capsule ,v>ni%1 #gbj ,capp+ ,mixtures = ,bottles1 #abf ,c>amels1 #adf1 #baf ,c>amel 9 ,food1 #ceb #ab-;,c>at1 #dcc #d-;,c>at ,gold1 #dcc #ah-;,c>at ,gold = ,r+s1 #dcc #bb-;,c>at ,sold]1 #dcc ,c>ats1 to ,f9d ! ,numb] (1 #dcb ,c>bolic ,acid1 #adg ,c>bolic-acid ,burns1 #adg ,decolorization (1 #adg ,disguis+ ,odor (1 #adg ,c>bolic ,p[d]1 #bfc ,soap1 #fdg ,c>bol9eum1 #dig ,c>bonat$ ,p9eapple ,*ampagne1 #aah ,c>bon ,ink1 #djc ,pap]1 #ejc ,pr9t+1 #eca ,process 9 ,photography1 #eca ,c>buncle ,rem$ies1 #aba ,c>dbo>d or ,lea!r ,glue1 #ae ,wat]pro(+1 #gea ,c>ds 7,play+71 to ,clean1 #bji ,c>e ( ,refrig]ators1 #dja ,c>melite ,balm ,wat]1 #eai ,c>m9e1 #djc ,lake ,dye = ,wall ,pap]1 #bgh ,c>nation ,lake ,dye1 #bgg ,c>pet ,pres]vation1 #cii ,soap1 #fdd ,c>pets1 ,h[ to ,pres]ve1 #cii ,c>riage-top ,dress+1 #ddh ,c>ron ,oil1 #bdb ,case ,h>d5+1 #fdh ,case91 #cd1 #adh ,album51 & ,glue1 #cd ,cem5ts1 #bj ,massage ,cream1 #bcc ,pa/e1 #ch ,v>ni%1 #cd ,ca%m]e ,p]fum]y1 #eaf ,casket ,trimm+s1 #aej ,casks1 #adi ,wat]tight1 #adi ,cassius1 ,purple (1 #chc ,ca/ ,brass1 #ec ,ca/-brass ,"w1 ,s& ,holes 91 #aej ,ca/ile ,soap1 to ,cut1 #fdd ,ca/+1 #adi ,copp]1 #fc 9 ,wax1 #gee ,molds1 ,alloys =1 #hj ( ,s(t ,metal ,ca/+s1 #aea ,ca/+s1 ,mak+ 9 ,alum9um1 #ha ,ca/+s ,out ( ,v>i\s ,metals1 #adi to ,s(t5 ,iron1 #dbg ,ca/-iron ,sold]+1 #fff ,ca/or ,oil1 #aec ,ca/or-oil ,*ocolate ,loz5ges1 #aed ,ca/or ,oil1 ,h[ to ,take1 #aed ,ta/eless1 #aec ,ca/s f ,wax ,models1 #gee 7,pla/]71 ,pres]vation (1 #efe ,repair+ ( ,brok51 #bf ,wat]pro(+1 #efe ,catatypy1 #aed ,cat ,diseases & ,rem$ies1 #gcb ,cat]pill> ,de/roy]s1 #dbc ,catgut1 #aee ,sutures1 ,prep>ation (1 #aee ,catsup1 ,adult]at$1 #cec ,cattle ,dips & ,applications1 #bfd ,cau/ic ,pota% ,poison1 #ic1 #id ,ceil+ ,clean]s1 #djj ,cel]y ,clam ,pun*1 #aab ,comp\nd1 #aee ,cell>s1 ,wat]pro(1 #djj ,celloid9 ,pap]1 #ejd ,cells1 ,solutions & ,fill]s = ,batt]y1 #ajd ,celluloid1 #aee ,cem5ts & ,glues1 #ag ,glue =1 #ab ,lacqu]1 #dci ( ,r$uc$ ,inflammability1 #aei ,putty1 #afa ,cem5t1 #fib ,arm5ian1 #bj ,asbe/os1 #cj ,*eap & ,excell5t1 #cj ,colors1 #fhh ,diamond ,glass1 #bi = ,belts1 #ca = ,*emical ,app>atus1 #ca = ,cracks 9 ,/oves1 #afb = ,enamel$ ,dials1 #bj = ,g5]al ,use1 #ca = ,glass1 #ba1 #be1 #bh = ,iron & ,m>ble1 #ag = ,ivory1 #ca = ,lea!r & ,iron1 #be = ,metals1 #ba1 #be = ,metal on ,h>d ,rubb]1 #bb = ,pallet ,/ones1 #afb = ,pa/ebo>d & ,pap]1 #ba = ,pat*+ ,boots1 #bc = ,pipe ,jo9ts1 #afb = ,porcela9 ,lett]s1 #ai = ,s&/ones1 #ag = ,/eam & ,wat] ,pipes1 #afa = ,wat*-lid1 #bj = ,wat]pipe1 #afb ,hydraulic1 #cc ,cem5t+ ,celluloid & ,h>d-rubb] ,articles1 #ah ,cem5t1 ,jewel]s1 #bj ,mordant =1 #dgi on ,m>ble ,slabs1 #af ,pa9ts =1 #dii ,p>isian1 #cj ,protection (1 ,aga9/ ,acid1 #i ,rubb] = ,clo?1 #bd to ,pa9t ,ov] ,fre%1 #dii ,transp>5t = ,glass1 #bi ,/rong1 #cj1 #cb ,univ]sal1 #ca ,"w1 ,protection =1 #afb ,cem5ts1 #af1 #afa ,amb]1 #bf ,aqu>ium1 #ca ,case91 #bj ,celluloid1 #ag = ,atta*+ ,lett]s on ,glass1 #ai = ,fa/5+ ,porcela9 to ,metal1 #be ,cem5ts1 = ,iron1 #bd = ,lea!r1 #bb1 #bc = ,metals1 #bd = ,rubb]1 #bb = ,/one1 #af = ,tires1 #bc = ,wat]-glass1 #ai ,me]s*aum1 #cj ,sign-lett]s1 #ah ,silicate ( ,oxy*loride1 #ce ,c]amics1 #afd ,*a9 ( ,fire1 #fab ,*a9s 7,wat*71 to ,clean1 #bjf ,*alk = ,tailors1 #afd ,*amois ,sk91 to ,clean1 #ahf ,*ampagne1 #aah ,cid]1 #aha ,*app$ ,sk91 #bcb ,*app9e ,cream1 #bcg ,*>ta ,s9apis1 #dhj ,*>treuse1 #gfi ,*$d> ,*eese1 #agf ,*eese1 #agd ,color1 #cei ,wrapp+1 ,t9 ,foil =1 #dgd ,*emical ,app>atus1 ,cem5t =1 #ca ,g>d5s1 #cfh ,reag5ts1 #cdi ,*]ry ,balsam1 #ajc ,cordial1 #gfd ,phosphate1 #aab ,too? ,pa/e1 #beg ,*ew+ ,c&y1 #bag ,gums1 #agh ,*e%ire ,*eese1 #agf ,*e/nut ,br[n ,dye = ,/raw ,bonnets1 #bfg ,hair ,dye1 #cia ,*ick5 ,b\illon1 #aab ,*ick5-coop ,application1 #dai ,*ick5 ,diseases1 #gcd ,*icory1 ,te/s =1 #cec ,*ilbla9s1 #dhf ,*ildr51 ,doses =1 #bfe ,*ildr5's ,too? ,p[d]1 #bee ,*9a1 #agc ,pomade1 #bbg ,repair+1 #fja ,rivet+1 #agi ,silv] ,alloy1 #ge to ,t\gh51 #agc ,*9ese ,too? ,pa/e1 #beg ,*lorides1 ,platt's1 #bfd ,*lorid+ ,m9]al ,lubricat+ ,oils1 #dfb ,*lor9e-pro(+1 #i ,*ocolate1 #agi & ,milk1 #aad ,ca/or-oil ,loz5ges1 #aed ,extracts1 #cab ,frapp1 #aad ,hot1 #aaa ,soda ,wat]1 #aaa ,*ol]a ,rem$ies1 #agi ,*[*[1 #bab ,*rome ,black ,dye = ,wool1 #bfg ,*romium ,glue1 #ae ,*romo ,mak+1 #ahj ,cid]1 #ahj ,pres]vative1 #aha ,v9eg>1 #gce ,cig>ettes1 ,a/hma1 #aja ,cig> ,flavor+1 #ahc ,sizes & ,colors1 #ahb ,spots1 #ahc ,cig>s1 #ahb ,c9namon ,ess5ce1 #cab ,oil z an ,antiseptic1 #ajj or ,br[n ,dye = ,cotton & ,silk1 #bfg ,c9*ona1 #gga ,pomade1 #cib ,citrate ( ,magnesium1 #dfd ,clam ,b\illon1 #aac ,cl>et ,lemonade1 #aaj ,pun*1 #aaj1 #aab ,cl>ification ( ,gelat9 & ,glue1 #cgj ,cl>ify+1 #ahd ,muddy ,wat]1 #gda ,clay1 #cc1 #ahd ,clay+ ,mixture = ,=ges1 #ahd ,clean ,bronze1 #bjb ,clean]1 ,univ]sal1 #bji ,clean+ ,l9oleum1 #cih ,m>ble1 #aif ,poli%$ ,woodwork1 #aid ,brass on ,clock1 #bjf ,bronze ,objects1 #bje ,clocks1 #bjg ,copp]1 #bjj ,copp] ,s9ks1 #bjb ,electro-plate ,goods1 #bje ,funnels & ,measures1 #bjd ,gild$ ,"w on ,alt>s1 #ahe ,gild$ ,articles1 #ahe ,gild$ ,bronzes1 #bje ,gilt ,bronze ,w>e1 #bja ,glass1 ,pa/e =1 #bjh ,inf]ior ,gold ,articles1 #bjg ,lamp ,globes1 #bji ,m>ble1 ,furniture1 etc41 #aig ,me?ods & ,processes1 #bji ( ,copp]plate ,engrav+s1 #cji ( ,/atuettes & ,pla/] ,objects1 #efd ( ,walls1 ,ceil+s1 & ,pap]1 #aij1 #cig ,oil ,/a9s on ,wall ,pap]1 #aij ,optical ,l5ses1 #bjh ,pa9t ,bru%es1 #adj ,pa9t$ & ,v>ni%$ ,surfaces1 #aid ,pa9t$ ,doors1 ,walls1 etc41 #aij ,pe>ls1 #bjh ,prep>ations1 #ahd1 #cig1 #eij1 #fdd ,prep>ation = ,glass ) ,metal ,decorations1 #bjh ,pewt] ,articles1 #bje ,p[d]1 #aid ,sk9s & ,lea!r1 #ahf ,silv]-plat$ ,w>e1 #bjj ,t]ra ,cotta1 #aig ,trac+s1 #aid ,v>ni% ,bru%es1 #ada ,wall ,pap]1 #aia ,:itewa%$ ,walls1 #aij ,w9d[ ,panes1 #bjh ,cleans+ ,fluids1 #ahe ,cle>+ ,ba?s1 #ece ,cle>y's ,a/hma ,fumigat+ ,p[d]1 #aja ,cli* ,metal1 #eb ,clock-bell ,repair+1 #gcg ,clock ,clean+1 #bjg ,clock-dial ,lett]+1 #gcg ,clock ,h&s1 to ,reblack1 #gch ,clockmak]s' ,clean+ ,processes1 #bjf ,clock ,oil1 #dhb ,repair+1 #gch ,clo!s & ,fabric ,clean]s1 #aia ,clean]s1 #aia ,clo!s-,clean+ ,fluids1 #aib ,clo? ,pap]1 #ejd ,/rips ,atta*$ to ,iron1 #ad to ,iron1 ,glu+1 #cg ,wat]pro(+1 #gdh ,clo?s = ,poli%+1 #eii ,cl\d+ ( ,m\? ,mirrors1 #dgg ,cl\dless ,c>amel ,color+1 #adf ,clove ,p9k ,p]fum]y1 #eaf ,coal ,oil1 #dhd ,coals1 to ,eat ,burn+1 #fab ,coat+ = ,ba?rooms1 #dih = ,damp ,walls1 #dii = ,"n ,plates1 #eja ,metallic ,surfaces ) ,glass1 #cgg ,tablets ) ,*ocolate1 #agi ,cobaltiz+ ( ,metals1 #egc ,cobalt1 or ,fly ,p[d] ,poison1 #id ,co*9eal ,insect ,rem$y1 #dbb ,cocoa ,m9t1 #aae ,syrup1 #aab ,cocoas1 #aab ,cod ,liv] ,oil & ,its ,emulsion1 #dhb ,c(fee1 #cec ,cocktail1 #aad ,cordial1 #gfc ,cream ,soda1 #aac ,ess5ce1 #cad ,extracts1 #cac = ! ,soda ,f\nta91 #aaa ,frapp1 #aad ,hot1 #aaa ,ic$1 #aad ,nogg1 #aad1 #aae ,sub/itutes =1 #baj ,syrups1 #cac ,coil ,spr+1 #fhc ,spr+s1 to ,temp]1 #fhc ,co9 ,clean+1 #bjj ,metal1 #fb ,co9s1 ,impressions (1 #dfg ,matrix =1 #dfg ,colas1 #gbh ,cold & ,c\gh ,mixtures1 #baa ,*emical ,gild+1 #egg ,cream1 #bbe ,enamel+1 #gba ,sold]+1 #fff ,v>ni%1 #edc ,colic 9 ,cattle1 #gbi ,collapsible ,tubes1 ,sk9 ,cream1 #bci ,too? ,pa/e =1 #beg ,collodion1 #bab ,cologne1 #ead = ,heada*es1 #cid ,spirits or ,deodoriz$ ,alcohol1 #ead ,coloration ( ,copp] & ,brass ) ,cupric ,sel5ite1 #efh ,color$ ,alloys = ,alum9um1 #ej ,celluloid1 #afa ,firepro(+1 #cdd ,fires1 #fji ,floor ,poli%es1 #eia ,gild+1 #egg ,glass1 #afe1 #cga ,gold ,alloys1 #ff ,hygroscopes1 #djb ,inks1 #dad ,lacqu]1 #dci ,m>k+ ,inks1 #djg ,r+s on ,metal1 #ehb ,s&1 #fbh ,color+ ,b5$9e ,gre51 #ajf ,brass1 #dgc ,c]es9e ,c&les = ! ,*ri/mas ,tree1 #ade ,common ,gold1 #dca ,copp]1 #dgc ,electric-light ,bulbs & ,globes1 #cga ,fluid = ,brass1 #abi ,gold ,jewelry1 #dcj ,inc&esc5t ,lamps1 #ddb ,matt] 9 ,fats1 #ccd ,metals1 #dga1 #efh ( ,brass1 #abh1 #egj ( ,model+ ,pla/]1 #efc ,p]fumes1 #eaa ,silv]1 #fdj ,soap1 #fdd 8,_s0 ,v>ni%es1 #gae ,/eel1 #fhb ,unpoli%$ ,brass1 #abh ,color+s = ,jewel]s' ,"w1 #dcc ,color ,enamel1 #gba ,photography1 #edh ,/a9s1 = ,wood1 #ghb ,color ,/amps = ,r\gh ,pap]1 #daa ,te/+1 #eei ,colors1 #bff & ,sizes ( ,cig>s1 #ahb = ,confection]y1 #bah = ,pa9ts1 #eee = ,poli%$ ,brass1 #abg = ,pomade1 #bbh = ,syrups1 #gjb ,fusible ,enamel1 #cjf ,comb9$ ,alum & ,hypo ,ba?1 #ece ,ton+ & ,fix+ ,ba?s1 #edb ,com=table1 ,wa%+1 #cii ,comm]cial ,enamel+1 #bij ,=maldehyde1 #cfb ,mucilage1 #dc ,common ,silv] = ,*a9s1 #dcd ,silv] ,sold]1 #dcd ,composition ,files1 #cci = ,clean+ ,copp]1 ,nickel1 & o!r ,metals1 #bjc = ,l9oleum1 ,oilclo?1 etc41 #dei = ,writ+ on ,glass1 #cgf ( ,v>i\s ,h>d ,sold]s1 #ffc ,compositions = ,%ips' ,bottoms1 #dih ,compo/ = ,indoor ,plants1 #ccg ,comp\nd = ,clean+ ,brass1 #bjc ,salicylat$ ,collodion ,corn ,cure1 #bbd ,solution ( ,?ymol1 #ajj ,conc5trat$ ,lye ,poison1 #ic ,concrete1 #fhi ,blocks1 ,prop]ties (1 #fie ,tamp+ (1 #fie ,concrete ,block ,sy/ems1 #fid ,build+ ,block1 #fia ,mix]s1 #fic ,condim5tal ,sauces1 #cec ,condim5ts1 #bab ,te/s = ,adult]at$1 #cdi ,condition ,p[d]s1 #gbi = ,cattle1 #gbi ,conductivity ( ,alum9um ,alloys1 #dh ,confection]y1 #baf ,colors1 #bah ,con/ipation 9 ,birds1 #gbi ,contract$ ,ho( or ,sore ,feet 9 ,cattle1 #gcj ,conv]sion ( ,metric into ,engli% ,measure1 #gfj ,cool+ ,scre51 #faf ,cook+ ,vessels1 ,glazes =1 #cgg ,cook's ,table1 #gjc ,coop]'s ,p5 ,metal1 #gd ,copal ,v>ni%1 #gbj ,copp]1 #bai ,alloys1 #ea1 #gf ,amalgam1 #ij ,amalgams1 ,applications (1 #hg & ,brass ,gild+1 #egg ,plat9iz+1 #ehf ,a ,p]man5t ,pat9a =1 #ehe ,ars5ic1 #fc ,articles1 ,poli% =1 #eia ,bronz+1 #eff ,clean+1 #bjj ,color+1 #bba1 #dgc ,enamel+1 #bid ,et*+1 #cbd 9 ,food1 #cea ,iron1 #fc ,lacqu]s1 #dci ,nickel1 #fc ,pa9t =1 #die ,pap]1 #ejg ,pat9iz+ & ,plat+1 #ehf ,poli%es1 #eij ,sep>ation ( ,gold f1 #chb ,copp]-,silv] ,alloy1 #ge ,copp]1 ,silv]1 & ,cadmium ,alloys1 #gf ,sold] = ,plat+1 #dcd ,sold]s1 #fei to ,bronze1 #acf ,v>ni%es1 #gbf ,copp]+1 #egb ,glass1 #egb ,pla/] ,models1 etc41 #egc ,z9c ,plate1 #egc ,copy+ ,ink1 #dae ,pr9t$ ,pictures1 #bbb ,process on ,wood1 #bbb ,cordage1 #bbc ,lubricant1 #dfc ,wat]pro(+1 #gec ,cordials1 #gfc ,cork z a ,pres]vative1 #fjf ,clean]1 #baj to ,metal1 ,fa/5+1 #cf ,corks1 #bbc ,imp]meable & ,acid-pro(1 #aj to ,clean1 #baj ,wat]pro(+1 #gdb ,corn ,pla/]1 #bbd ,cures1 #bbd ,corrosive ,sublimate ,poison1 #id ,cosmetic ,jelly1 #bcb ,cosmetics1 #bbe ,cott5ham ,*eese1 #agf ,cotton1 #bde ,belts1 ,lubrication1 #dfb ,degreas+1 #bdf ,cottonse$1 ,extract+ ,oil1 #dhb ,hulls z ,/ock ,food1 #bdf ,oil1 #dhb ,compress ,c\gh ,balsam ) ,icel& ,moss1 #baa ,drops1 #bag ,mixtures & ,rem$ies1 #baa = ,cattle1 #gcj ,syrup1 #baa ,c\nt] ,poli%es1 #eij ,c\rt ,pla/]s1 #bdg1 #efc ,c[ ,diseases--,rem$ies1 #gcj ,p[d]1 #gcj ,c['s ,milk1 ,p[d] =1 #gcb ,crack$ ,lea!r1 #ddh ,cracks 9 ,tools1 to ,r5d] ,visible1 #fhf ,crayons1 #cgd = ,gra9+ & ,m>bl+1 #bdg = ,writ+ on ,glass1 #cgd ,cream1 #bdg ,beef ,tea1 #aab ,bonbons = ,ho>s5ess1 #baf ,*eese1 #agf ,h[ to ,det]m9e1 #dgd ,soda ,p[d]1 #fbh ,creams = ! ,face & ,sk91 #bbe ,creosote-c>bolic ,acid ,poison1 #id ,cresol ,emulsion1 #bdh ,crimson ,dye = ,silk1 #bga ,indelible ,ink1 #djf ,cry/al ,cem5ts1 #bdh ,cry/all9e ,coat+s or ,fro/work on ,glass or ,pap]1 #cgf ,honey ,pomade1 #bbg ,cry/allization1 ,ornam5tal1 #cfh ,crock]y1 #afg ,pla/] & ,me]s*aum ,repair+1 #bg ,crocus1 #bdh ,crude ,petroleum1 ,emulsion (1 #eba ,cru%$ ,apricot1 #cfe1 #fjd ,*]ries1 #cfe1 #fjd ,fruit ,pres]v+1 #fjd ,orange1 #cfe1 #fjd ,pea*1 #cfe1 #fjd ,p9eapples1 #cfd1 #fjd ,raspb]ry1 #cfd ,/rawb]ry1 #cfd ,cucumb] ,creams1 #bcg ,cucumb] ,ess5ce1 #cad ,jelly1 ,juice1 & ,milk1 #bbh ,juice1 #bci ,milk1 #bci ,pomade1 #bbh ,cumm9s's ,:ipp$ ,cream1 #bdh ,curaoa ,cordial1 #gfd ,liqueur1 #ggj ,cure = ,b>b]'s ,it*1 #dhf = ,snake ,bites1 #if = ,tan1 #bdb = ,w>ts1 #gcf ,currant ,cream1 #aae ,curry ,p[d]1 #bac ,curta9s1 ,color+ (1 #ddf ,cutl]s' ,cem5ts = ,fix+ ,knife ,blades into ,h&les1 #af ,cutl]y ,cem5ts1 #af ,cutt+1 ,drill+1 ,gr9d+1 & ,%ap+ ,glass1 #cga ,cuspidor ,p[d]1 #bfc ,cu/>d ,p[d]1 #bdi ,cyanide ( ,potassium ,poison1 #ic ,cyl9d] ,oil1 #dfd ,cymbal ,metal1 #fd ,cypress ,wat]1 #eai ,d ,dairy ,products1 #ced ,damaske5+1 #bdi by ,electrolysis1 #bdi on ,enamel ,dials1 #bej ,damp ,walls1 ,coat+ =1 #djj1 #dii ,damson ,*eese1 #agf ,d&ruff ,cures1 #chh ,d>cet ,alloy1 #fd ,d>k-blue ,dye1 #bfh ,d>k ,gold ,purple1 #chc ,d>k-,gre5 ,blackbo>d ,pa9t1 #dhi ,d>k ,r$ ,grease ,pa9t1 #bbi ,snuff-,br[n ,dye = ,wool1 #bfg ,/eel ,dye1 #bfi ,dead5+ ,pa9t1 #dia ,dead-gild+ ( an ,alloy ( ,copp] & ,z9c1 #egi ,dead1 or ,matt1 ,dip = ,brass1 #aca ,deadly ,night%ade ,poison1 #id ,decalcomania ,processes1 #bej ,decolorization ( ,c>bolic ,acid1 #adg ,decoloriz+ & ,deodoriz+ ,oils1 #dhd or ,blea*+ ,l9se$ ,oil1 #dhc ,decomposition ( ,oils1 ,fats1 #dhd ,decorat+ ,alum9um1 #ha ,decorative ,metal ,v>ni%es1 #gbf ,wood-f9i%1 #ggb ,deep ,r$ ,grease ,pa9t1 #bbi ,r$ ,raspb]ry ,syrup1 #cah ,dehorn]s or ,horn ,de/roy]s1 #cig ,delta ,metal1 #fc ,demon ,b[ls ( ,fire1 #faa ,d5aturiz$ ,alcohol1 #de1 #fgh ,d5tal ,cem5ts1 #afc ,plat9um1 #gd ,d5trifices1 #bea ,deodorants = ,wat]-closets1 #bfc ,deodorization ( ,calcium ,c>bide1 #add ,deodoriz$ ,alcohol1 #ead ,cod ,liv] ,oil1 #dhb ,petroleum1 #ebb ,deodoriz+ ,b5z9e1 #ajf ,depilatory ,cream1 #bei ,dep?+s1 ,v]ification (1 #gcg ,d]by%ire ,*eese1 #agf ,desilv]+1 #ehg ,detannat+ ,w9e1 #gfe ,detect+ ,dy$ ,honey1 #cif ,detection ( ,album5 9 ,ur9e1 #dd ( ,=maldehyde 9 ,food1 #cea 9 ,milk1 #dgd ( ,copp] 9 ,food1 #cea ( ,cottonse$ ,oil 9 ,l>d1 #ddb ( ,glucose 9 ,food1 #ceg ( ,sac*>9e 9 ,food1 #cea ( ,salicylic ,acid 9 ,food1 #cdi ( ,/>* 9 ,food1 #ceg ,det]g5t = ,sk9 ,/a9s1 #bce ,det]g5ts1 #ahf ,det]m9ation ( ,artificial ,colors 9 ,food1 #cea ( ,pres]vatives1 #cdi ,det]m9+ ,cream1 #dgd ,develop]s = ,photographic ,purposes1 #ebc ,developm5t ( ,plat9um ,pr9ts1 #eca ,dextr9e ,pa/es1 #ce ,diabetics1 ,lemonade =1 #aji ,dial ,cem5ts1 #bj ,clean]s1 #bjg ,repair+1 #gcg ,diamalt1 #dge ,diamant9e1 #dcb ,diamond ,cem5t1 #bj ,glass ,cem5t1 #bi ,te/s1 #bfj ,di>rha 9 ,birds1 #gbi ,rem$ies1 #agi ,die ,v5t+1 #bfa ,dige/ive ,p[d]s1 #bfa ,reli%1 #bac ,diog5 ,develop]1 #ebg ,dip = ,brass1 #aca ,dipp+ ,metals1 ,dang] (1 #dgj ,dips1 #dfi = ,cattle1 #bfd ,direct ,coloration ( ,iron & ,/eel by ,cupric ,sel5ite1 #efh ,directions = ,bronz+1 #ace = ,mak+ ,p]fumes1 #eab ,dis9fectants1 #bfd ,disguis+ ,odor ( ,c>bolic ,acid1 #adg ,di% ,wa%+1 #cii ,dis9fectant = ,books1 #abe ,dis9fectants1 #bfb = ,sick ,room1 #bfd ,dis9fect+ ,coat+1 #bfe ,fluids1 #bfb or ,we$-kill]s1 #bfb ,p[d]s1 #bfb ,dissolv+ ,old ,rubb]1 #fbb ,di/emp] 9 ,cattle1 #gbi ,di/+ui%+ ,blue f ,gre51 #aba ,diuretic ,ball1 #gca ,dog ,applications1 #dai ,biscuit1 #bfe ,soap1 #fed ,dome/ic ,o9tm5ts1 #dhf ,pets1 #gcb ,don>ite1 #ccj ,doors1 to ,clean1 #aij ,doses = ,adults & ,*ildr51 #bfe ,dose ,table = ,vet]9>y ,purposes1 #gbi ,d\ble ,extract ,p]fum]y1 #eah ,draw+ ,inks1 #djc ,pap]1 #ejd ,temp] f ,brass1 #acc ,draw+s1 ,pres]vation (1 #bff to ,clean1 #bjf ,draw-temp]+ ,ca/ ,/eel1 #fhg ,dress+ = ,c>riage ,tops1 #ddh = ,sew+ ,?read1 #gjf ,dress+s = ,h>ness1 #dea = ,lea!r1 #ddh = ,l9oleum1 #dei = ! ,hair1 #chi ,dri$ ,case91 its ,mfg41 #adh ,yolk ( ,egg1 #bhd ,dri]s1 #fcf ,driffield ,oils1 #dhe ,drill ,*ips1 to ,utilize1 #fhf ,drill+ ,h>d ,/eel1 #fhg ,lubricant =1 #dfc ,%ap+1 & ,fil+ ,glass1 #cgb ,dr9k+ ,wat]1 ,removal ( ,iron f1 #gda ,dr9ks = ,summ] & ,w9t]1 #ajg ,soda ,wat]1 #aaa ,drops ( ,lime 9 ! ,eye1 #ccc ,table (1 #gjd ,drosses1 #aea ,dry ,bases = ,pa9ts1 #dhi ,p]fumes1 #eji ,p[d] ,fire ,ext+ui%]s1 #cda ,rot1 ,rem$ies =1 #fah ,sug> ,pres]v+1 #fjd ,yea/1 #ghf ,dry+ ,oils1 #dhe ,druggi/s' ,label ,pa/e1 #da ,dubb+ = ,lea!r1 #dfj ,duesseldorff ,mu/>d1 #bae ,dunlop ,*eese1 #agf ,durable ,bronze on ,bann]s1 #acg ,putty1 #fjg ,du/-lay+1 #dhe ,du/ ,prev5t]s & ,clo?s1 #dja ,dut* 7,holl&7 ,*eese1 #agf ,p9k ,dye1 #bgh ,dye+ ,fea!rs1 #cce ,lea!r1 #dej ,silk or ,cotton ,fabrics1 #bhj ,/raw ,hats1 #cid ,dyes1 #bff & ,dye/uffs1 #bgd ,colors1 etc41 = ,textile ,goods1 #bgi = ,artificial ,fl[]s1 #bgb = ,fea!rs1 #bgb = ,food1 #cei = ,furs1 #bgb = ,hats1 #bgc = ,lea!r1 #dej ,dye ,/a9s1 ,removal f ,sk91 #ahd ,dynamite1 #cbi ,e ,e>!nw>e1 #afh ,easily ,fusible ,alloys1 #fd ,ea/man's ,sepia ,pap]1 #eca ,eaton's ,/yptic1 #gja ,eau de ,botot ,wat]1 #eai de ,lais ,wat]1 #eai de ,m]veilleuse ,wat]1 #eai de ,qu99e1 #cib ,eb]le's ,:ipp$ ,cream1 #bdh ,ebony1 #ghc ,lacqu]1 #dci ,/a9s1 #ghb ,eczema ,du/+ ,p[d]1 #bhb ,edible ,oils1 #cee ,eff]vesc5t ,ba? ,tablets1 #ajc ,p[d]s1 #fbg ,eggs1 #bhb1 #cee ,egg ,*ocolate1 #aad ,cl>et1 #aae ,c(fee1 #aae ,crme de ,m5!1 #aae ,dyes1 #bge ,lemonade1 #aaa1 #aae ,malt$ ,milk ,c(fee1 #aad ,oil1 #bhd ,orgeat1 #aae ,phosphate1 #aac ,p[d]1 #bhd ,%ampoo1 #cic ,%]bet1 #aae ,s\r1 #aae ,w9e1 #aah ,egg-/a9 ,remov]1 #bja ,eikonog5 ,develop]1 #ebd ,ektogan1 #ih ,ela9e ,sub/itute1 #bhf ,ela/ic ,glue1 #ad ,limpid ,gum ,v>ni%es1 #gbj or ,pliable ,pa/e1 #ci ,sub/itute = ,celluloid1 #aeh ,electrical ,conductivity ( ,alum9um ,alloys1 #ej ,electric ,in/allations1 ,fusible ,alloys =1 #fd ,insulation1 #dbe ,light ,bulbs1 ,color+1 #cga ,electrodeposition ,processes1 #ega ,electro-et*+1 #cbd ,electrolysis 9 ,boil]s1 #abc ,electroplat+ & ,electrotyp+1 #bhf ,elm ,tea1 #bhh ,embalm+ ,fluids1 #bhh ,embroid]ies1 ,/amp+ ,p[d] =1 #fhj ,embroid]y1 ,ink =1 #daa ,em]ald1 ,imitation1 #cgj ,em]y1 #bhi ,gr9d]1 #bhi ,sub/itute1 #bhi ,emm5?al] ,*eese1 #agf ,emolli5t ,sk9 ,balm1 #bcd ,emulg51 #bij ,emulsifi]s1 #bhi ,emulsion1 ,cresol1 #bdh ( ,brom(orm1 #acd ,emulsions ( ,petroleum1 #eba ,enamel ,colors1 #gbg = ,copp] ,cook+ ,vessels1 #cje = ,vats1 #gba ,h[ to ,remove1 #ahi ,lett]s ,atta*+ to ,glass1 #ai ,mix+1 #cjb ,remov]s1 #ahg ,sold]1 #dcd ,v>ni%es1 #gbj ,enamel$ ,dials1 ,cem5t =1 #bj ,iron ,recipes1 #cje ,enamel+1 #bij ,alloys1 #fg ,enamels1 ,metallic ,glazes on1 #agc ,unaffect$ by ,hot ,wat]1 #gba ,eng9es 7,gasol9e71 ,anti-freez+ ,solution =1 #cfc ,engli% ,m>g>9e1 #adc ,p9k ,dye1 #bgh ,weights & ,measures1 #geh ,engrav]s' ,v>ni%es1 #gbc ,engrav+1 ,matt+1 & ,fro/+ ,glass1 #cge on ,/eel1 #fhg or ,et*+ on ,/eel1 #fhg ,spoon ,h&les1 #cji ,engrav+s1 _! ,pres]vation1 #cji to ,r$uce1 #caj to ,transf]1 #gaj ,enl>gem5ts1 #edb ,envelope ,gum1 #dc ,epicure's ,sauce1 #bac ,epizooty1 #gca ,eradicators1 #bje ,eras+ ,p[d] or ,p\nce1 #ahi ,ess5ce ,bndict9e1 #gfi ( ,an*ovies1 #ih ( ,c9namon1 #cab ( ,extract ( ,s\p ,h]bs1 #bab ( ,savory ,spices1 #bad ,ess5ces & ,extracts ( ,fruits1 #caj1 #cab ,et*+1 #cbb ,ba? = ,brass1 #cbd = ,t91 #gjf ,copp]1 ,brass1 & ,tombac1 #cbc ,fluids1 #cbb ,fluid = ,alum9um1 #cbd ,et*+1 ,fluid1 = ,brass1 #cbc to ,make ,/5cils1 #cbc = ,copp]1 ,z9c1 & ,/eel1 #cbd = ,gold1 #cbd = ,lead1 ,antimony1 & ,britannica ,metal1 #cbd = ,t9 or ,pewt]1 #cbd = ,z9c1 #cbc ,fluids = ,copp]1 #cbe = ,iron & ,/eel1 #cbb = ,silv]1 #cbd ,glass by ,means ( ,glue1 #cbf -gr\nd = ,copp] ,engrav+1 #cbb on ,copp]1 #cbd on ,glass1 #cbe on ,ivory1 #cbg1 #dbh on ,m>ble1 #cbg on ,/eel1 #fhg ,p[d] = ,iron & ,/eel1 #cbc = ,metals1 #cbd ,/eel1 ,liquids =1 #cbg ) ,wax1 #cbf ,eucalyptus ,bonbons1 #bab ,pa/e1 #beg ,exam9ation ( ,foods1 #ceb ,expectorant ,mixtures1 #bab ,explosives1 #cbh1 #ccj ,exposures 9 ,photograph+1 #ebh ,extemporane\s ,an*ovy ,sauce1 #ih ,extract1 ,g+]-ale1 #ajg ( ,meat ,conta9+ ,album51 #cfa ( ,milk1 #dgd ,extract+ ,oil f ,cottonse$1 #dhb ,extracts1 #cab ,c(fee1 #cac ,eye1 ,=eign ,matt] 91 #ccc ,eyeglasses1 #cgf ,eye ,lotions1 #ccc ,f ,fabric ,clean]s1 #aia ,fabrics1 ,wat]pro(+ (1 #gdb ,faade ,pa9t1 #dii ,face ,black & ,face ,p[d]1 #bcj ,blea* or ,beautifi]1 #bca ,cream )\t ,grease1 #bci ,p[d]1 ,fatty1 #bcj ,fad$ ,photographs1 #edd ,fair?orne's ,d5tal ,cem5t1 #afc ,fall+ ,hair1 #cib ,fancy ,soda ,dr9ks1 #aac ,fa/5+ ,cork to ,metal1 #cf ,fats1 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cce ,decomposition (1 #dhd = ,sold]+1 #fei ,fatty ,acid ,f]m5tation ,process1 #ccd ,face ,p[d]s1 #bcj ,fea!r ,blea*+ & ,color+1 #aba1 #cce ,dyes1 #bgb1 #cce ,felt ,wat]pro(+1 #gdi ,f]m5tation1 ,prev5tion (1 #gfe ,process1 ,fatty ,acid1 #ccd ,f]ro-arg5tan1 #ga ,f]ro-prussiate ,pap]1 #eci ,f]r\s-oxalate ,develop]1 #ebe ,f]tiliz] ) ,organic ,matt]1 = ,pot ,fl[]s1 #ccg ,f]tiliz]s1 #ccf ,bone1 #cch ,fev] 9 ,cattle1 #gca ,fig ,squ>es1 #baf ,file ,alloys1 #fd ,metal1 #fd ,files1 #cci ,g5eva ,composition1 #fd to ,clean1 #bje1 #cci ,yogel's ,composition1 #fd ,filigree ,gild+1 #egf ,fill]s = ,lett]s1 #deg = ,wood1 #ggc ,film-/ripp+1 #eec ,filt] ,pap]1 #ejd ,filt]s = ,wat]1 #cci ,f+]-m>ks1 to ,remove1 #abe ,f+]s1 ,pyrogallic-acid ,/a9s on1 #ahe ,f+]-tips1 ,sp>ks f1 #faa ,f9i%+ ,enamel = ,:ite ,furniture1 #gbb ,fire>m ,lubricants1 #dfj ,fire>ms1 ,oil =1 #dfj ,fire1 ,*a9 (1 #fab ,color$1 #fji ,gr5ades1 ,sub/itutes =1 #cda ,trick1 #faa ,ext+ui%]s1 #cdj ,firepro( & ,wat]pro( ,pa9ts1 #dia ,coat+1 #cdd ,compositions1 #cdd ,glue1 #af ,pa9ts1 #dij ,pap]s1 #cdd1 #ejd ,firepro(+1 #cda1 #cdd ,celluloid1 #aei ,clo?+1 #cdb = ,wood1 ,/raw1 ,textiles1 #cdc ,light ,wov5 ,fabrics1 #cdb ,mosquito ,nett+1 #cdb ,rope & ,/raw ,matt+1 #cdb ,/age ,decorations1 #cdb ,t5ts1 #cdb ,fireworks1 #fjh ,fi% ,bait1 #cdd ,fi%+ ,net1 ,pres]vation (1 #bbc ,fix+ & ,cle>+ ,ba?s1 #ece ,ag5ts 9 ,p]fumes1 #eab ,ba?s = ,pap]1 #edb ,fixatives = ,crayon ,draw+s1 etc41 #cdd ,flabby ,sk91 ,wa% =1 #bcd ,fla%light ,app>atus1 #eeb ,app>atus ) ,smoke ,trap1 #eeb ,flannels1 ,:it5+ (1 #ddf ,flavor+ ,cig>s1 #ahc ,extracts1 #cee ,pepp]m9t z a1 #beb ,s>sap>illa1 #fbi ,flavor+s1 #bac = ,d5tifrice1 #bee ,spices1 #bac ,flea ,de/roy]s1 #dbc ,fle% ,face ,p[d]1 #bdc ,flexible ,ivory1 #dbh ,flies & ,pa9t1 #eja 9 ! ,h\se1 #cii ,floor ,coat+1 #ejj ,dress+s1 #cdd ,oils1 #dhe ,pap]1 #ejf ,poli%1 #eia ,v>ni%es1 #gbd ,wat]pro(+1 #gec ,wax1 #ged ,floral ,hair ,oil1 #dhc ,hair ,pomade1 #dhc ,flor5t9e ,bronzes1 #acf ,floric9 ,brilliant9e1 #dhc ,oil1 #dhc ,florida ,wat]s1 #ead ,fl[] ,pres]vatives1 #cde ,fl[]s1 ,color+ =1 #cdf ,fl\r & ,/>* ,compositions1 #ce ,pa/e1 #ci ,fluid ,measure1 ,u4 ,s4 ,/&>d1 #gjd ,fluid ,measures1 #geh ,fluids1 ,clo!s-clean+1 #aib ,dis9fect+1 #bfb = ,embalm+1 #bhh = ,sold]+1 #fei ,fluoresc5t ,liquids1 #cdg ,fluxes = ,sold]+1 #ffj ,us$ 9 ,enamel+1 #cje ,flux = ,enamel$ ,iron1 #cje ,fly ,ess5ces1 #dba ,fly-pap]s & ,fly-poisons1 #cdg ,fly-kill]s1 #dba ,fly ,protectives = ,animals1 #dai ,foam ,prep>ations1 #cdh ,foamy ,scalp ,wa%1 #chi ,=eign ,matt] 9 ! ,eye1 #ccc ,food ,adult]ants1 ,te/s =1 #cdh ,b5zoic ,acid 91 #ajg ,colorants1 #ceh ,cook$ 9 ,copp] ,vessels1 #id ,foods1 ,bird1 #abj1 #gbi = ,pets1 #gcc = ,r$ ,birds1 #gbi ,foot ,it*1 #gcc ,foot-p[d]s & ,solutions1 #cfa ,footsores on ,cattle1 #gcj ,=maldehyde1 #cfb = ,dis9fect+ ,books1 #bfc 9 ,milk1 ,detection (1 #dgd ,=mal9 = ,gra9 ,smut1 #chd ,treatm5t ( ,se$ ,gra9 = ,smut1 #chd ,=mol ,album5 = ,prep>ation ( ,celluloid1 #aef ,=mulas = ,bronz+ ,prep>ations1 #ace = ,cem5ts = ,repair+ ,porcela91 ,glassw>e1 ,crock]y1 ,pla/]1 & ,me]s*aum1 #bg to ,drive ,ants ,away1 #dbj ,f\l ,brood 9 ,bees1 #aje ,f[l]'s ,solution ,poison1 #ic ,foxglove1 or ,digitalis ,poison1 #id ,foy's ,:ipp$ ,cream1 #bdh ,fragrant ,naph?al5e ,camphor1 #ad ,frames1 ,protection f ,flies1 #cfc ,frame ,clean+1 #ahe ,poli%es1 #fjj ,fram+1 ,passe-p>t\t1 #ejh ,frangipanni ,p]fum]y1 #eaf ,frank=t ,black1 #efa ,freckle ,lotions1 #bdj ,freckles & ,liv] ,spots1 #bda ,freez+ ,mixtures1 #fae1 #faf ,prev5tives1 #cfc ,fr5* ,br&y1 #gfh ,bronze1 ,prep>ation (1 #acf ,d5trifice1 #bef ,floor ,poli%1 #eia ,gelat91 #cfi ,hide ,tann+ ,process1 #dec ,sold]s = ,silv]1 #ffd ,v>ni%1 #gbd ,fre% ,cru%$ ,fruits1 #cfe ,fro/ ,bite1 #cfc ,prev5tive1 #cfc ,remov]s1 #cgf ,fro/$ ,glass1 #cgd ,mirrors1 #cge ,fro/+ ,poli%$ ,silv]1 #fdj ,fruit ,ess5ces & ,extracts1 #caj ,frapp1 #aaf ,jelly ,extract1 #cad ,pres]v+1 #cfd1 #fjd ,products1 #ceg ,syrups1 #gja ,v9eg>1 #gce ,fuel1 #aeb ,full]'s ,purifi] = ,clo?s1 #bgd ,fulm9ates1 #ccb ,fulm9at+ ,antimony1 #ccb ,bismu?1 #ccb ,copp]1 #ccb ,m]cury1 #ccc ,p[d]1 #ccc ,silv]1 #fdj ,fumigants1 #cfe ,fumigat+ ,c&les1 #cfe ,funnels1 to ,clean1 #bjd ,furnace ,jacket1 #cfh ,furniture ,clean]s1 #bjf ,enamel1 #gbb ,its ,decoration1 #ggb ,poli%es1 #eib ,wax1 #ged ,fuses1 #faj = ,electrical ,circuits1 #fd ,fusible ,alloys = ,electric ,in/allations1 #fd ,enamel ,colors1 #cjf ,safety ,alloys = ,/eam ,boil]s1 #fe ,fusion ,po9t ( ,metals1 #dgc ,g ,galvaniz$ ,iron1 #dif ,ro(+1 #cig ,pap]1 #ejg ,gamboge ,/a91 #dci ,gapes 9 ,p\ltry1 #gcd ,g>anc9e ,process1 #bgg ,g>d5s1 ,*emical1 #cfh ,g>m5t-clean+ ,soap1 #fde ,gas ,fixtures1 #acj ,bronz+ (1 #eff ,gasol9e ,pumps1 ,pack+ =1 #dhh ,gas ,sold]+1 #ffj ,/ove1 to ,clean1 #bjb ,trick1 #faj ,ge> ,lubricant1 #dfc ,gelat91 #cfi ,air ,bubbles 91 #cgj ,gems1 ,artificial1 #cgj ,gem ,cem5ts1 #bj ,g5eva ,composition ,files1 #fd ,g5u9e ,silv] ,bronze1 #adj ,g]man ,mat*es1 #dfg ,me?od ( ,pres]v+ ,meat1 #cfa ,silv] or ,arg5tan1 #fi ,g]man-silv] ,sold]s1 #ffa ,g]man ,table ,mu/>d1 #bae ,gild]s' ,%eet ,brass1 #ee ,wax1 #gee ,gild+1 #dic & ,gold ,plat+1 #ege ,g]man ,silv]1 #egh ,glass1 #cgc1 #egh 9 ,size1 #dic ,metals1 ,p[d] =1 #egi ,pa/es1 #ehj ,plat+ & ,electrotyp+1 #bhh ,r5ovation (1 #ahe ,/eel1 #ehj ,sub/itute1 #ege to ,clean1 #ahe ,wat* ,movem5ts1 #gch ,gilt ,frames1 ,poli% =1 #fjj ,te/ =1 #chc ,"w1 to ,burni%1 #chd ,g+]1 #aab ,g+]-,ale ,extract1 #ajg ,g+] ,ale1 ,flavor+ =1 #ajh ,soluble ,extract1 #ajh ,be]1 #ajg1 #ajh ,extracts1 #cad ,gold-leaf ,alloys1 #fg ,/rip+1 #chc ,gold ,v>ni% = ,t91 #gbg ,glass1 #cga ,acid-pro(1 #cgd ,glass & ,porcela9 ,cem5t1 #bh & ,glassw>e ,cem5t1 #be ,balls1 ,amalgam =1 #ij ,silv]+1 #ehg ,celluloid1 & ,metal ,inks1 #djc ,cem5t =1 #ba ,clean+1 #bjh ,copp]+1 ,gild+1 & ,plat+1 #egb ,et*+1 #cbe ,fa/5+ ,metals on1 #be ,gild+1 #cgc1 #egh ,globe1 ,silv]+1 #fda ,h[ to ,affix ,sign-lett]s on1 #ah ,lett]+1 #deg ,lubricants1 #cgb ,manufactur+1 #cgc ,poli%es =1 #eic ,porcela9 ,repair+1 #bf ,refractory to ,heat1 #cgc ,/op ,cock ,lubricant1 #dfb ,/opp]1 to ,loos51 #gjj ,silv]+ (1 #dgf ,sold]s =1 #ffb ,soluble1 z a ,cem5t1 #bh to ,affix ,pap] on1 #ai to ,cut1 #cga to ,fa/5 ,brass ,^u1 #ag to ,fix ,gold ,lett]s to1 #ah to ,remove ,glue f1 #bjh to ,silv]1 #fda ,wat]pro( ,cem5ts =1 #ba ,globes1 ,h[ to ,color1 #cga ,silv]+1 #dgf ,glossy ,pa9t = ,bicycles1 #die ,gl\ce/] ,*eese1 #agf ,glove ,clean]s1 #aie ,gloves1 ,sub/itute = ,rubb]1 #ajj ,te/+1 #fbb ,glazi]s' ,putty1 #fjg ,glaz+ on ,size ,colors1 #cgg ,glaze = ,bricks1 #cgg ,glazes1 #cgg & ,pott]y ,bodies1 #afg = ,cook+ ,vessels1 #cgg = ,laundry1 #ddd ,glucose 9 ,jelly1 #ceg ,glue1 ,box1 #ae ,*romium = ,wood1 ,pap] & ,clo?1 #ae ,cl>ifi]1 #cgj ,ela/ic1 #ad ,firepro(1 #af = ,articles ( a ,metallic or ,m9]al ,"*1 #ae = ,atta*+ ,clo? ,/rips to ,iron1 #ad = ,atta*+ ,gloss to ,preci\s ,metals1 #ad = ,belts1 #ae = ,c>dbo>d1 #ae = ,celluloid1 #ab = ,glass1 #ae = ,lea!r or ,c>dbo>d1 #ae = ,pap] & ,metal1 #ad = ,tablets1 #ac = ,unit+ ,metals ) ,fabrics1 #ae = ,wood1 #ae ,manufacture1 #aj ,m>9e1 #ac or ,pa/e = ,mak+ ,pap] ,boxes1 #ae ,prev5t$ f ,crack+1 #aj ,te/1 #aj to ,fa/5 ,l9oleum on ,iron ,/airs1 #ad to ,=m ,pap] ,pads1 #ab ,glues1 #aj1 #cd1 #cgh ,liquid1 #aa ,wat]pro(1 #ac ,glyc]9e1 #cgh & ,cucumb] ,jelly1 #bbh ,applications1 #bbh1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bci z a ,det]g5t1 #ahf ,creams1 #bcg ,develop]1 #ecj ,lotion1 #cgi ,milk1 #bci ,process1 #eca ,soap1 #fdf1 #feb ,goats' ,milk ,*eese1 #agh ,gold1 #cgi ,acid ,te/ =1 #dcb ,alloys1 #ff1 #dce ,amalgams1 #hi & ,silv] ,bronze ,p[d]s1 #aci ,assay+ (1 #cha ,enamel+ ,alloys1 #fg ,enamel ,pa9ts1 #dic ,et*+ ,fluid =1 #cbd ,extraction (1 by ,amalgamation1 #hi ,foil ,sub/itutes & ,gold ,leaf1 #gdg f ,acid ,color+ ,ba?s1 #cha ,imitations (1 #dcc ,indelible ,ink1 #djf ,ink1 #dje1 #dae ,jewelry1 to ,give a ,gre5 ,color to1 #ehb ,lacqu]s1 #ddj ,leaf & its ,applications1 #dib ,gold-leaf ,alloys1 #fg ,gold-leaf ,wa/e1 to ,recov]1 #cha ,gold ,lett]+1 #def ,lett]s on ,glass1 ,cem5ts = ,affix+1 #ah ,oil ,suitable = ,use1 #dhe ,pa9ts1 #dib ,gold-plate ,alloys1 #fg ,gold ,plat+1 #ege ,pr9t+ on ,oilclo?1 #cgi ,purple1 #chc ,recov]y ( ,wa/e1 #cha ,r$uction ( ,old ,photographic1 #ece ,r5ovator1 #aii ,sold]s1 #dcd1 #ffa ,te/+1 #dcb ,v>ni%1 #gbf1 #gbg ,w>e ,clean]1 #bjj ,weld+1 #cha ,gold5ade1 #aad ,gold5 ,fizz1 #aae ,v>ni%es1 #gbd 8,golf ,goblet10 #aad ,gong ,metal1 #fd ,graft+ ,wax1 #gee ,gra91 #chd ,gra9+ & ,m>bl+1 #bdg ,colors1 #eef ,crayons1 #bdg ( ,brass1 #acj ) ,pa9t1 #did ,granola1 #aaj ,grape ,glac1 #aad ,juice1 ,pres]vation (1 #gfg ,graphite ,lubricat+ ,comp\nd1 #dfc ,gravel ,walks1 #che ,grav]s1 #che ,gray ,dyes1 #bfi ,t9ts1 #eei ,grease ,eradicators1 #bje = ,locomotive ,axles1 #dfb ,greaseless ,face ,cream1 #bci ,grease ,pa9ts1 #bbh ,greases1 #dfb ,wagon & ,axle1 #dfb ,gre5 ,bronze on ,iron1 #ach ,color+ = ,antiseptic ,solutions1 #ajj ,dyes1 #bfi ,gre5 ,dye = ,cotton1 #bfi = ,silk1 #bfi = ,wool & ,silk1 #bfi ,fu/ic ,dye1 #bfi ,gild+1 #egh ,g+] ,extract1 #cae ,ink1 #dae or ,gold ,color = ,brass1 #ehb or ,sage ,*eese1 #agf ,pat9a ,^u ,copp]1 #ehe ,salve1 #dhf to ,di/+ui% ,blue f1 #aba ,gr5ades1 #cda ,gr9d] ,disk ,cem5t1 ,sub/itute =1 #ca ,gr9d+1 #gjh ,glass1 #cgb ,gr9d/one ,oil1 #chf ,gr9d/ones1 #chf ,gr\nd ,c]amics1 ,lay+ ,oil =1 #dhe = ,relief ,et*+1 #cbb ,gr\nds = ,gra9+ ,colors1 #eef ,gross]'s ,wa%+ ,brick1 #dde ,gruyre ,*eese1 #agf ,gum ,arabic1 ,sub/itute1 #dc1 #chf ,bi*romate ,process1 #edf ,drops1 #baf = ,envelopes1 #dc ,gums1 #chf _! ,solubility 9 ,alcohol1 #chf ,us$ 9 ,mak+ ,v>ni%1 #gae ,gun ,b>rels1 to ,blue1 #fhb ,bronze1 #ei ,cotton1 #cca ,lubricants1 #dfj ,gunp[d]1 #cbh ,/a9s1 #chg ,gutta-p]*a1 #chg ,gutt] ,cem5t1 #afb ,gypsum1 #chg ,fl[]s1 #cdf ,pa9t =1 #bic ,h ,ha5kel's ,blea*+ ,solution1 #dde ,hair-curl+ ,liquids1 #chi ,hair ,dress+s & ,wa%es1 #chi ,dyes1 #cij ,embrocation1 #chi = ,m\nt+1 #chh ,oil1 #cij ,oils1 ,p]fumes =1 #ebj ,prep>ations1 #chh ,remov]s1 #bei ,re/or]s & ,tonics1 #chi1 #cia ,%ampoo1 #cib ,hamm]1 to ,h>d51 #fhd ,h& ,blea*1 #bcc ,creams & ,lotions1 #bcb ,h&-clean+ ,pa/e1 #bcb ,h&k]*ief ,p]fumes1 #eaf ,h& ,/amps1 ,ink =1 #daa ,h&s1 ,remove ,/a9s f1 #ahd1 #ahe ,p]spir+1 #bcc ,h>d-f9i%$ ,walls1 #dii ,h>d ,g]man-silv] or ,/eel ,sold]1 #ffa ,glaze ,bricks1 #afd ,lead1 #ga ,metal ,drill+ ,lubricant1 #dfc ,putty1 #fjg ,sold]s1 #ffb1 #ffd ,sold] = ,gold1 #ffa ,wood ,poli%1 #eih ,h>d5$ ,ivory1 #dbi ,/eel1 to ,sold]1 #ffe ,h>d5+ ,pla/] ( ,p>is1 #efd ( ,spr+s1 #fhe ,/eel )\t ,scal+1 #fhe ,/eel ,wire1 #fhd ,h>e-lip ,op]ation1 #ii ,h>mless ,butt] ,color1 #adc ,colors = ,use 9 ,syrups1 #cba ,h>ness ,dress+s1 #dej ,grease1 #dea ,oils1 #dea ,prep>ations1 #dej ,pa/es1 #dea ,wax1 #gee ,h>t%orn ,poison1 #ic ,hat-clean+ ,comp\nds1 #ahg ,hat ,wat]pro(+1 #gdh ,hats1 #cid to ,dye1 #bgc ,heada*e ,cologne1 #cid ,rem$ies1 #cid ,head ,lice 9 ,*ildr51 #dbb ,heat-indicat+ ,pa9t1 #eja ,heat ,insulation1 #dbf ,prickly1 #cih ,heat-resi/ant ,lacqu]s1 #dda ,heaves1 #gca ,hectograph ,pads & ,inks1 #cie1 #daf ,h$ge ,mu/>d1 #cid ,heel ,poli%1 #fcb ,hellebore ,poison1 #id ,helvetius's ,/yptic1 #gja ,hemlock ,poison1 #id ,hemorrhoids1 #efa ,h5bane ,poison1 #id ,h]b>ium ,specim5s1 ,m\nt+1 #cid ,pomade1 #bbg ,h]b ,v9eg>1 #gce ,hide ,b\nd1 #gca ,hide-clean+ ,processes1 #ahf ,hides1 #ded ,ho>fro/ ,glass1 #cge ,ho>s5ess1 ,bonbons =1 #baf ,rem$y =1 #baa ,holl& ,*eese1 #agf ,holl[ ,concrete ,blocks1 #fia ,silv]w>e1 #fdj ,home-made ,outfit = ,gr9d+ ,glass1 #cgb ,refrig]ators1 #faf ,honey1 #cif ,cl>ifi]1 #cif ,wat]1 #eai ,w9e1 #dfh ,honeysuckle ,p]fum]y1 #eaf ,hon+1 #gfa ,ho( ,sores1 #gcj ,hop ,be]1 #ajh ,bitt] ,be]1 #aah ,syrup1 #cae ,horeh\nd ,c&y1 #bag ,horn1 #cif ,blea*es1 #dcj ,unit+ ,glass )1 #ag ,horns1 ,/a9+1 #cig ,horse ,bli/]+1 #gbi ,horse-colic ,rem$y1 #gbi ,horse ,embrocations & ,l9im5ts1 #gca ,horses & ,cattle1 #gbi ,treatm5t ( ,diseases1 #gbi ,horticultural ,ink1 #dje ,hosi]y1 ,dye =1 #bfh ,ho/ett]'s ,bitt]s1 #gfb ,hot ,beef ,tea1 #aab ,b\illon1 #aac ,cel]y ,pun*1 #aab ,*ocolate & ,milk1 #aaa ,egg ,b\illon1 #aab ,*ocolate1 #aaa1 #aac ,c(fee1 #aac ,dr9ks1 #aac ,lemonade1 #aac ,milk1 #aac ,nogg1 #aac ,orangeade1 #aaa ,phosphate1 #aac ,lemonades1 #aaj1 #aaa ,malt1 #aab ,hot ,malt$ ,milk ,c(fee 7or ,*ocolate71 #aab ,orange ,phosphate1 #aab ,soda ,toddy1 #aab ,soda-wat] ,dr9ks1 #aaa ,tea1 #aac ,h\sehold ,ammonia1 #ia ,=mulas1 #cig ,h\se ,pa9t1 #ejj ,h[ to ,bronze ,metals1 #acf to ,clean a ,panama ,hat1 #ahg ,brass & ,/eel1 #bjb ,t>ni%$ ,silv]1 #bjd to ,color ,alum9um1 #hj to ,keep ,cig>s1 #ahg ,fruit1 #cfd ,lamp ,burn]s 9 ,ord]1 #cii to ,lay ,galvaniz$ ,ro(+1 #cig to ,make ,ca/+s ( ,insects1 #aea a ,cell> ,wat]pro(1 #djj a ,pla/] ,ca/ ( a ,co9 or ,m$al1 #aej ,picture ,po/al ,c>ds & ,photographic ,lett] ,head1 #ecg ,simple ,syrups2 ,hot ,process1 #gjb to ,op5 a ,book1 #abe to ,pa/e ,labels on ,t91 #dj to ,p\r ,out ,ca/or ,oil1 #aec to ,r5ovate ,bronzes1 #bja to ,reproduce ,old ,pr9ts1 #bbc to ,s5sitize ,photographic ,pr9t+ ,pap]s1 #eci to ,take ,c>e ( ,pa9t ,bru%es1 #adj ,ca/or ,oil1 #aed to ,tell ,pott]y1 #agc to ,unite ,rubb] & ,lea!r1 #bb to ,tell ! ,"* ( ,enamel1 #cjd ,huebn]'s ,d5tal ,cem5t1 #afc ,hunyadi ,wat]1 #gdj ,huyl]'s ,lemonade1 #aaj ,hydraulic ,cem5t1 #cc ,hydro*9on ,develop]1 #ebe ,hydrocyanic ,acid ,gas = ,ext]m9at+ ,h\sehold ,insects1 #dah ,hydr(luoric ,=mulas1 #cbf ,hydrographic ,pap]1 #ejd ,hydrog5 ,p]oxide z a ,pres]vative1 #fje ,hygromet] & ,its ,use1 #dja ,hydromet]s & ,hygroscopes1 #djb ,hyoscyamus1 ,antidote to1 #ajb ,i ,ice1 #djb ,fl[]s1 #djb ,ic$ ,c(fee1 #aad ,icel& ,moss1 ,c\gh ,mixture1 #baa ,ideal ,cosmetic ,p[d]1 #bdc ,ignit+ ,composition1 #djc ,imitation ,black ,m>ble1 #fii ,cid]1 #ahb ,diamonds1 #dcb ,egg ,%ampoos1 #cic ,gold1 #fg1 #dcc ,foils1 #dgd ,japanese ,bronze1 #ach ( ,antique ,silv]1 #fdj ,ivory1 #dbi ,plat9um1 #gd ,silv] ,alloys1 #gg ,bronze1 #adj ,foil1 #dgd ,/a9s = ,wood1 #ghd ,imog5 ,develop]1 #ebg ,imp]vi\s ,corks1 #bbc ,impregnation ( ,pap]s ) ,zapon ,v>ni%1 #ejf ,improv$ ,celluloid1 #aef ,inc&esc5t ,lamps1 #ddb ,inc5se1 #cff ,incombu/ible ,bronze ,t9cture1 #ace1 #acg ,increas+ ! ,t\ghness1 ,d5sity & ,t5acity ( ,alum9um1 #hc ,incru/ation1 ,prev5tion (1 #abb ,indelible ,h&-/amp ,ink1 #daa ,inks1 #dje = ,glass or ,metal1 #djd ,labels on ,bottles1 #cbg ,/5cil ,inks1 #dab ,india1 ,*9a or ,japan ,ink1 #djf ,india-rubb] ,v>ni%es1 #gbd ,indigo1 #bfh1 #bha ,indoor ,plants1 ,compo/ =1 #ccg ,indu/rial & ,potable ,alcohol3 ,s\rces & ,mfg41 #ffg ,infant ,foods1 #cei ,infants1 ,milk =1 #dge ,inflammable ,explosive ) ,*lorate ( ,pota%1 #cca ,inflammability ( ,celluloid ,r$uc$1 #aei ,inflammation ( ! ,udd]1 #gca ,influ5za 9 ,cattle1 #gca 9 ,horses1 #gca ,ink ,eradicators1 #ahi ,eras]s1 #ahi = ,laundry1 #ddf = ,lea!r ,f9i%]s1 #dec = ,/eel ,tools1 #djd = ,writ+ on ,glass1 #cbe1 #cgf on ,glaz$ ,c>dbo>d1 #djd on ,m>ble1 #djd ,p[d]s & ,loz5ges1 #djg ,/a9s1 ,remov+1 #ahi ,inks1 #djc = ,h& ,/amps1 #daa = ,%ad+ ,p51 #daf = ,/amp ,pads1 #daj = ,typewrit]s1 #gaa ,hectograph1 #cie ,inlay ,v>ni%1 #gbd ,inlay+ by ,electrolysis1 #cbd ,insect ,bites1 #dag ,ca/+1 #aea ,p[d]s1 #dai1 #dbd ,trap1 #dbe ,insecticides1 #dah = ,animals1 #dai = ,plants1 #dbb ,in/ructions = ,et*+1 #cbb ,in/rum5t ,alloys1 #ga ,clean+1 #aii ,lacqu]1 #ddj ,soap1 #fec ,in/rum5ts1 to ,remove ,ru/1 #aii ,insulat+ ,v>ni%es1 #dbe ,insulation1 #dbe ,aga9/ ,heat1 #dbf ,moi/ure1 ,wea!r1 etc41 #dbf ,int5sifi]s & ,r$uc]s1 #eeb ,int]national ,atomic ,weights1 #geg ,iod9e ,poison1 #id ,soap1 #fdf ,solv5t1 #dbg ,iod(orm ,deodoriz]1 #dbg ,iridesc5t ,pap]1 #ejd ,iridia ,p]fum]y1 #eaf ,iron1 #dbg & ,m>ble1 ,cem5t =1 #ag & ,/eel1 ,et*+ ,fluids =1 #cbb ,poli%es1 #eig ,p[d] = ,h>d5+1 #dbg ,bit+ ,(f ,r$ ,hot1 #fab ,black ,pa9t =1 #die ,iron1 ,bronz+1 #efg ,ca/+s1 to ,s(t51 #dbg ,cem5ts =1 #ag1 #be ,h[ to ,atta* ,rubb] to1 #bb ,pipes1 ,ru/ ,prev5tion =1 #fbe ,silv]-plat+1 #ehg ,sold]s1 #ffe to ,cem5t ,glass to1 #ag to ,clean1 #bjd to ,clo?1 ,glu+1 #ad to ,color ,blue1 #dbg to ,:it51 #dbg ,v>ni%es1 #gbg ,iron+ ,wax1 #ddd ,irritat+ ,pla/]1 #dhf ,it*1 ,b>b]s'1 #dhf ,ivory1 #dbh & ,bone ,blea*es1 #dcj ,black1 #abc ,cem5t1 #ca ,coat+ = ,wood1 #ejj ,et*+ on1 #dbh ,gild+1 #egi ,poli%es1 #eic ,te/s1 #dcj ,j ,jabor&i ,scalp ,wat]s1 #cib ,jackson's ,m\? ,wa%1 #bei ,j&ri]'s ,te/ = ,cotton1 #bdf ,japan ,black1 #die ,pa9t1 #die ,japanese ,alloys1 #fi ,bronze1 #ach 7,gray71 ,silv]1 #gf ,japann+ & ,japan ,t9n+1 #gbd ,jasm9e ,milk1 #bdj ,jelly 7,fruit7 ,extract1 #cad ,jet ,jewelry1 to ,clean1 #dca ,jewel]s' ,alloys1 #dcc ,cem5ts1 #bj ,clean+ ,processes1 #bjf ,enamels1 #cjh ,=mulas1 #dcj ,glue ,cem5t1 #bj ,jewelry1 to ,clean1 #bjf ,k ,kalsom9e1 #dcf ,k>ats1 to ,f9d ,numb] (1 #dcb ,keep+ ,flies ,out ( a ,h\se1 #cii ,k]amics1 #afd ,k]it1 #fai ,k]os5e-clean+ ,comp\nds1 #aic ,k]os5e ,deodoriz]1 #dhd ,emulsions1 #eba ,ket*up 7,adult]at$71 #cec ,khaki ,color ,dye+1 #bgf ,kid1 #ddi ,lea!r ,dress+s1 #ddi ,reviv]1 #dec ,kirs*n] ,w9e ,mu/>d1 #bad ,kiss+5 ,salts1 #fbh ,knife-blade ,cem5t1 #af ,knife-%>p5+ ,pa/es1 #fae ,knock5plombe1 #ca ,kola ,cordial1 #gfd ,t9cture1 #cba ,k\miss1 #aaf ,sub/itute1 #dcg ,krems ,mu/>d1 ,s\r1 #bae ,krems ,mu/>d1 ,sweet1 #bae ,kmmel1 #gfd ,kwass1 #aag ,l ,label ,pa/es1 #ci ,v>ni%es1 #gbe ,labels on ,t91 ,h[ to ,pa/e1 #dj ,lac & ! ,art ( ,lacqu]+1 #dcg ,lace ,lea!r1 #ded to ,clean ,gold & ,silv]1 #aic ,laces1 ,wa%+ & ,color+ (1 #ddf ,lacqu] = ,alum9um1 #dch = ,brass1 #dch = ,bronze1 #dch = ,copp]1 #dci = ,oil ,pa9t+s1 #ddj = ,microscopes1 etc41 #ddj = ,/oves & o!r ,articles1 #dda ,lacqu]$ ,w>e1 to ,clean1 #aie ,lacqu]s1 #dcg = ,pap]s1 #dda ,lakes1 #bgg ,lampblack1 #dda ,lamp ,burn]s1 to ,clean1 #bjj1 #cii ,lamps1 #ddb ,lanol9e ,creams1 #bch ,hair ,wa%1 #chi ,soap1 #fdg ,toilet ,milk1 #bci ,lant]n ,slides1 #ecb ,l>d1 #ddb ,la! ,lubricant1 #dfa ,laudanum ,poison1 #ie ,laundry ,blue1 #ddc ,tablets1 #ddd ,gloss ,dress+1 #ddd ,inks1 #cii ,prep>ations1 #ddc ,soap1 #fed ,laundry+ ,laces1 #ddf ,laurel ,wat]1 ,poison1 #ic ,lavatory ,deodorant1 #cih ,lav5d] ,sa*ets1 #eaj ,wat]1 #ead ,lawn ,s&1 #fbi ,laxatives = ,cattle1 etc41 #gcb ,lead1 #dh1 #ddf ,alloys1 #dh1 #ga ,amalgams1 ,application (1 #hh ,pap]1 #ejg ,plate1 ,t9n$1 #ehi ,poison1 #ie to ,take ,boil+1 9 ! ,m\?1 #fab ,leaf ,brass1 #ed ,leaks1 #ddf 9 ,boil]s1 ,/opp+1 #fjh ,lea!r1 #ddg & ,rubb] ,cem5ts1 #bb z an ,insulator1 #dbf ,cem5ts =1 #bc ,lea!r-clean+ ,processes1 #ahf ,lea!r ,dye+1 #dej ,lac1 #dda ,lubricants1 #dfj or ,c>dbo>d ,glue1 #ae ,pa9t+ on1 #dee ,poli% ,lac1 #dda ,remov+ ,spots f1 #bjf ,russian1 #ded ,v>ni%1 #gbe ,wa/e ,insulation1 #dbf ,wat]pro(+1 #gej ,legum9\s ,*eese1 #agf ,lemon ,be]1 #ajh ,ess5ces1 #cae ,extract 7,adult]at$71 #cef ,juice1 ,pla91 #aab ,%]bet1 #fbh ,s\r1 #aaf ,lemons1 #def ,lemonade1 #aji1 #aab = ,diabetics1 #aji ,p[d]1 #fbg ,prep>ations = ! ,sick1 #aji ,lemonades & ,s\r ,dr9ks1 #aaj ,l5ses & _! ,c>e1 #def ,lett]-head ,s5sitiz]s1 #ecg ,lett]+1 #def a ,clock ,dial1 #gcg on ,glass1 #deg on ,mirrors1 #deg ,ley ,pewt]1 #ge ,lice ,kill]s1 #dbb ,p[d]s1 #gcd ,li*5 ,remov]s1 #d ,licorice1 #deh ,syrup1 #cba ,lieb]mann's ,blea*+ ,te/1 #bdf ,light1 ,inact9ic1 #aed ,lilac ,dye = ,silk1 #bgj ,wat] ,p]fum]y1 #ebj ,limburg] ,*eese1 #agf ,lime1 #cc1 #fib ,limeade1 #aaj ,lime z a ,f]tiliz]1 #cci ,bird1 #deh ,juice1 #aab1 #caf ,lime-juice ,cordial1 #aah ,limewat] = ,dy]s' ,use1 #bgd ,l9coln ,*eese1 #agf ,l9coln%ire ,reli%1 #bac ,l95 ,blea*+1 #abj ,dress+1 #ddd to ,di/+ui% ,cotton f1 #bdf ,l9oleum1 #dei ,clean+ & ,poli%+1 #bjf1 #cih ,glue to ,fa/51 #ad ,l9im5ts1 #dei = ,horses1 #gca ,l9+ = ,acid ,receptacles1 #aj ,l9se$ ,oil1 #cd1 #dei ,adult]ation (1 #dfj ,blea*+ (1 #dei = ,v>ni% ,mak+1 #dhc or ,poppy ,oil1 #dhd ,ref9+1 #dhd ,solid1 #dhc ,lipol1 #bbf ,lip[itz ,metal1 #fa1 #fe ,lip1 ,pomades1 #bbf ,salves & ,lipol1 #bbf ,liqueurs1 #gfh to ,cl>ify1 #ggj ,liquid ,b$bug ,prep>ations1 #dba ,bottle ,lac1 #ddj ,bronzes1 #ace ,clo? & ,glove ,clean]1 #aie ,c\rt ,pla/]1 #bdg ,d5tifrices1 #bef ,dye ,colors1 #bgc = ,bronze ,p[d]1 #efg = ,cool+ ,automobile ,eng9es1 #cfc ,liquids = ,et*+ ,/eel1 #cbg ,liquid ,gold1 #chj ,glues1 #aa ,heada*e ,rem$ies1 #cid ,indelible ,draw+ ,ink1 #djc ,laundry ,blue1 #ddd ,metal ,poli%1 ,non-explosive1 #eie ,p]fumes1 #eaa1 #eae ,poli%es1 #eid ,porcela9 ,cem5t1 #bh ,r\ge1 #bcj ,%ampoos1 #cic ,%oe ,black+s1 #fcc ,soaps1 #fdf ,/yrax ,soap1 #fdg ,t> ,soap1 #fdg1 #fed ,liquor ,ammonii ,anisatus1 #ia ,liquors1 #gfb ,li?ia ,wat]1 #gdj ,li?ographic ,inks1 #djg ,lacqu]1 #ddj ,pap]1 #eje ,liv]-spot ,rem$ies1 #bda1 #bdb ,lobelia-,indian ,poke ,poison1 #ie ,locomotive ,axles1 ,grease =1 #dfb ,lubricants1 #dfb ,locu/ ,kill]1 #dbb ,logwood & ,indigo ,blue ,dye1 #bfh ,london ,soap ,p[d]1 #fej ,lotion = ! ,h&s1 #bcb ,l\se ,wa%1 #dbc ,loz5ges1 ,voice & ,?roat1 #bai ,lubricants1 #dfj1 #dfb = ,cutt+ ,tools1 #dfa = ,heavy ,be>+s1 #dfa = ,highspe$ ,be>+s1 #dfa = ,la! ,c5t]s1 #dfa = ,r$raw+ ,%ells1 #dfc = ,wat*mak]s1 #gch ,luhn's ,wa%+ ,extract1 #dde ,lum9\s ,pa9ts1 #did ,lun> ,bl5d1 #aad ,lu/r\s ,oxide on ,silv]1 #fda ,lu/] ,pa/e1 #dfd ,lutes1 #cb ,m ,ma*9e ,bronze1 #eh ,oil1 #dfj ,ma*9]y1 to ,clean1 #bjj1 #bja1 #bjc to ,keep x ,bright1 #fbd ,ma*t's ,yell[ ,metal1 #fc ,madd] ,lake ,dye1 #bgg ,magic1 #faj ,bottles1 #abf ,mirrors1 #dgh ,magnesian ,lemonade ,p[d]1 #fbg ,orgeat ,p[d]1 #fbg ,magnesium1 #di ,citrate1 #dfd ,fla%-light ,p[d]s1 #eeb ,magnetic ,alloys1 #ga ,curves ( ,iron ,fil+s1 _! ,fixation1 #dfd ,oxide1 #fbe ,magnolia ,metal1 #ea ,mahogany1 #ghd ,make ,extract ( ,indigo ,blue ,dye1 #bfh ,mak+ ,ca/+s 9 ,alum9um1 #ha ,malleable ,brass1 #ed ,malt1 ,hot1 #aab ,malt$ ,food1 #cei ,milk1 #aab1 #dgd ,manganese ,alloys1 #gb ,amalgams1 ,applications (1 #hg ,arg5tan1 #gj ,copp]1 #gb ,mangan91 #gb ,mange ,cures1 #gca ,manicure ,prep>ations1 #bbf ,mannheim ,gold or ,similor1 #fh ,mantles1 #dfe ,manufacture ( ,alcohol1 #fgd ( ,*eese1 #agd ( ,*ew+ ,gum1 #agh ( ,comp\nds ,imitat+ ,ivory1 ,%ell1 etc41 #dbi ( ,composite ,p>aff9e ,c&les1 #ade ( ,glue1 #aj ( ,mat*es1 #dfe ( ,pigm5ts1 #eee ,manufactur+ ,v>ni% ,h9ts1 #gae ,manures1 #ccg ,manuscript ,copy+1 #bbc ,maple1 #ghd ,m>as*9o ,liqueur1 #ggj ,m>ble1 ,artificial1 #fii ,cem5ts1 #af ,clean+1 #aif ,colors1 #fii ,et*+1 #cbg ,pa9t+ on1 #dhh ,m>ble1 ,poli%+1 #eic ,slabs1 ,cem5t =1 #af ,m>bl+ ,crayons1 #bdg ,pap] = ,books1 #eje ,m>g]9e1 #adc ,m>9e ,glue1 #ac ,pa9t to ,resi/ ,sea ,wat]1 #dih ,m>k+ ,fluid1 #dfe or ,label+ ,inks1 #djg ,m>oon ,dye = ,wool5s1 #bhj ,lake ,dye1 #bgg ,massage ,application1 #bcc ,balls1 #bcc ,creams1 #bcc ,sk9 ,foods1 #bcc ,soaps1 #fdg ,ma/ic ,lac1 #dda ,mat ,alum9um1 #ha ,gild+1 #egi ,mats = ,metals1 #dgj ,mat*es1 #dfe ,mat* ,m>ks on ,pa9t1 #aie ,phosphorus1 ,sub/itute =1 #ebc ,mat]ials1 #agb = ,concrete ,build+ ,blocks1 #fia ,matrix = ,m$als1 ,co9s1 etc41 #dfg ,matt ,et*+ ( ,copp]1 #cbc ,matzoon1 #dfh ,may ,b[l or ,may ,w9e1 #ggj ,mead1 #dfh ,mead[ ,saffron ,poison1 #ie ,measures1 #gfj to ,clean1 #bjd ,measur+ ! ,weight ( ,ice1 #djb ,meat ,extract ,conta9+ ,album51 #cfa ,pres]vatives1 #cei1 #cfj ,products 7,adult]at$71 #ceg ,m$allion ,metal1 #fb ,m$al ,impressions1 #dfg ,m$als1 to ,clean1 #aii ,m$ical ,pa/e1 #cg ,m$icat$ ,c\gh ,drops1 #bag ,massage ,balls1 #bcc ,soaps1 #fdg ,m$ic9al ,w9es1 #gga ,m$ic9e ,doses1 #bfe ,me]s*aum1 #dfi ,cem5ts1 #cj ,repair+1 #bg ,m5d+ ,celluloid1 #afa ,porcela9 by ,rivet+1 #fja ,m5?ol ,c\gh ,drops1 #bag ,too? ,p[d]1 #bec ,m]cury1 ,poison1 #ie ,salves1 #dhg ,/a9s1 to ,remove1 #ahf ,metac>bol ,develop]1 #ebg ,metal & ,pap] ,glue1 #ad ,br[n+ by ,oxidation1 #ehc ,cem5ts1 #be ,clean+1 #aii ,foil1 #dgd ,glass & ,porcela9 ,cem5t1 #be ,inlay+1 #bdi ,lip[itz1 #fe ,poli%es1 #eie ,protectives1 #fbd ,temp]ature (1 #aeb ,type1 #gh ,v>ni%es1 #gbe1 #gbg ,wat]pro( ,cem5ts =1 #ba ,metallic ,articles1 ,sold]+ (1 #fef ,cem5t1 #afc ,c(f9s1 #ga ,glazes on ,enamels1 #agc ,lu/] on ,pott]y1 #agc ,/a91 #ghc ,pap]1 #ejg ,soaps1 #fdh ,metals & ,_! ,treatm5t1 #dfi ,bright5+ & ,dead5+1 by ,dipp+1 #dfi ,bronz+1 #efg ,cem5ts =1 #ba1 #bd ,color+1 #dga ,et*+ ,p[d] =1 #cbd ,fusion ,po9t (1 #dgc ,h[ to ,atta* to ,rubb]1 #bb ,h[ to ,bronze1 #acf ,secur+ ,wood to1 #cg ,solution = ,clean+1 #bjj to ,silv]-plate1 #ehh ,metric ,sy/em ( ,weights & ,measures1 #gei ,weights1 #gei ,me?1 #dfh ,me!gl91 #dfh ,me?od ( ,h>d5+ ,gypsum & ,r5d]+ x ,wea!rpro(1 #chg ( ,purify+ ,glue1 #cgh ,me?ods ( ,prep>+ ,rubb] ,pla/]s1 #efb ,me?yl ,salicylate1 to ,di/+ui% f ,oil ( ,w9t]gre51 #gga ,metol & ,hydro*9on ,develop]1 #ebe ,metol-bic>bonate ,develop]1 #ebe ,metol ,develop]1 #ebd1 #ebe ,mice ,poison1 #fac ,microphotographs1 #eej ,milk1 #ced1 #dgd ,milk z a ,sub/itute = ,celluloid1 ,bone1 & ,ivory1 #adh ,cucumb]1 #bci ,extracts1 #dgd ,p[d] = ,c[s1 #gcb ,sub/itute1 #dge to ,pres]ve1 #dge1 #fjf ,m9>g5t1 #fd ,m9]al ,acids1 ,poison1 #ib ,oil1 #dhd ,wat]s1 #gci ,m9(or ,metal1 #fd ,m9t ,cordial1 #gfe ,julep1 #aad ,mirror ,alloys1 #gb ,mirror-lett]+1 #deg ,mirror ,poli%es1 #eic ,silv]+1 #dgf ,mirrors1 #dgf ,fro/$1 #cge to ,clean1 #bji to ,prev5t ,dimm+ (1 #cgd ,miscellane\s ,t9 ,alloys1 #gh ,mite ,kill]1 #dbb ,mix$ ,birdse$1 #abj1 #gbi ,mix]s1 ,concrete1 #fic ,mix+ ,ca/or ,oil ) ,m9]al ,oils1 #dhd ,mixture = ,burns1 #adb ,mock+-bird ,food1 #abj1 #gbi ,mock ,turtle ,extract1 #bab ,model+ ,wax1 #gee ,modification ( ,milk = ,infants1 #dgc ,moi/ure1 #dbf ,mold+ ,s&1 #dgh ,molds1 #aeb ( ,pla/]1 #efd ,moles1 #dgi ,montpeli] ,c\gh ,drops1 #bag ,mordant = ,cem5t ,surfaces1 #dgi = ,gold ,size1 #dgi ,morph9e ,poison1 #ie ,mort>1 ,asbe/os1 #dgi ,mosaic ,gold1 #fh1 #adj ,silv]1 #adj1 #ehh ,mosquitoes1 ,rem$ies1 #dbe ,moss ,remov]s1 #bji ,mo? ,ext]m9ators1 #dbe ,pap]1 #ejg ,mo?s & ,cat]pill>s1 #dbc ,motors1 ,anti-freez+ ,solution =1 #cfc ,mottl$ ,soap1 #fed ,m\ntants1 #dgi1 #edd ,m\nt+ ,draw+s1 etc41 #dgi ,pr9ts on ,glass1 #dhj ,m\sset's ,alloy1 #gf ,m\t>de aux ,epices1 #bae des ,jesuittes1 #bad ,m\? ,antiseptics1 #ii ,wa%es1 #beh ,wa%-tablets1 #bei ,mov+ ,objects1 ,h[ to ,photograph ,!m1 #edh ,mucilage1 #db ,comm]cial1 #dc ,creams1 #bch ( ,acacia1 #dc to ,make ,wood & ,pa/ebo>d ,adh]e to ,metals1 #dc ,mulb]ry ,dye = ,silk1 #bgb ,muriatic ,acid ,poison1 #ib ,mu%room ,poison1 #if ,music ,boxes1 #dhj ,musl91 ,pa9t+ on1 #dhh ,mu/a*e ,fix+ ,fluid1 #dhj ,mu/>d1 #bad ,cakes1 #bad ,pap]1 #dhj ,v9eg>1 #bae ,myrrh ,m\? ,wa%1 #beh ,too? ,pa/e1 #beg ,n ,nadjy1 #aae ,nail-clean+ ,wa%es1 #bbg ,nail1 ,+r[+1 #dha ,poli%es1 #bbf ,v>ni%1 #bbg ,"n ,plates1 ,coat+ =1 #eja ,natural ,glue = ,cem5t+ ,porcela91 ,cry/al ,glass1 etc41 #ae ,lemon ,juice1 #caf ,wat]1 #gci ,nature1 ,s\rce & ,manufacture ( ,pigm5ts1 #eee ,neatsfoot ,oil1 #dha ,ne$les1 ,anti-ru/ ,pap] =1 #fbe ,negatives1 ,h[ to ,use ,spoil$1 #ecd ,n]v9e ,o9tm5t1 #dhg ,n]ve ,pa/e1 #dha ,nets1 #bbc ,neuf*tel ,*eese1 #agg ,neutral ,too? ,p[d]1 #bee ,new ,celluloid1 #aee ,mordant = ,anil9e ,colors1 #bgc ,production ( ,indigo1 #bha ,nickel ,alloys1 #gf ,bronze1 #gj ,nickel-plat+1 #egc ) ! ,batt]y1 #egc ,nickel-te/+1 #dha ,nickel1 to ,clean1 #bjj to ,remove ,ru/ f1 #aii ,nickel$ ,surface1 #ehi ,nickel+ by ,oxidation1 #ehg ,te/ =1 #ehi ,niello1 #fhc ,nitrate ( ,silv] ,poison1 #ie ,spots1 #aih ,nitric ,acid ,poison1 #ib ,/a9s to ,remove1 #ahe ,nitroglyc]9e1 #cbi ,non-explosive ,liquid ,metal ,poli%1 #eie ,non-ma/icat+ ,insects1 #dbc ,non-,poison\s ,textile & ,egg ,dyes = ,h\sehold ,use1 #bge ,fly-pap]s1 #cdg ,non-por\s ,corks1 #bbd ,norfolk ,*eese1 #agg ,normona1 #aae ,nose ,putty1 #bcj ,notes = ,pott]s1 ,glass-1 & ,brick-mak]s1 #afd ,noyeau ,p[d]1 #fbh ,nut ,c&y ,/icks1 #baf ,nutmeg ,ess5ce1 #caf ,nutwood ,/a91 #ghc ,nux ,vomica ,poison1 #fae ,o ,oak1 #gge1 #ghc ,gra9+1 #did ,lea!r1 ,/a9s =1 #dee ,/a91 #ghc ,wood ,poli%1 #eih ,odorless ,dis9fectants1 #bfd ,odont]1 #bei nan?ic ,e!r z a ,flavor+ = ,g+] ,ale1 #ajh ,oil1 ,c>ron1 #bdb ,ca/or1 #aec ,clock1 #dhb ,oilclo?1 #dei ,adhesives1 #cf ,oil ,ext+ui%]1 #cda = ,fire>ms1 #dfj ,grease-1 ,pa9t-spot ,eradicators1 #bje ,h[ to ,p\r ,out1 #aec ,lubricat+1 #dfj ,neatsfoot1 #dha ( ,c9namon z an ,antiseptic1 #ajj ( ,vitriol ,poison1 #ib ,pa9t+s1 ,lacqu] =1 #ddj ,protection =1 #dhh ,pr9ts1 ,reproduc$1 #bbc ,remov]s1 #bje ,solidifi$1 #dfa ,/a9s = ,h>d ,floors1 #cdd ,suitable = ,use ) ,gold1 #dhe ,oils1 #dhb 7,edible71 ,te/s =1 #cee = ,h>ness1 #dea ,purification (1 #cce ,oilsk9s1 #gej ,oily ,bottles1 to ,clean1 #baj ,o9tm5ts1 #dhf = ,vet]9>y ,purposes1 #gca ,oleag9\s ,/amp+ ,colors1 #fgi ,ole9 ,soap1 #fed ,oleom>g>9e1 #adb ,old-fa%ion$ ,g+] ,be]1 #ajg ,lemonade1 #aaj ,olive-oil ,pa/e1 #adc ,onyx ,cem5ts1 #af ,opium & ,all ,its ,comp\nds1 ,poison1 #ie ,optical ,l5ses1 ,clean+1 #bjh ,orangeade1 #aaj ,orange ,bitt]s & ,cordial1 #gfb1 #gfd ,drops1 #baf ,dye1 #bga ,extract1 #caf ,fl[] ,wat]1 #ebj ,frapp1 #aaj ,peel1 ,soluble ,extract1 #caf ,phosphate1 #aab ,ord9>y ,drab ,dye1 #bha ,gre5 ,glass = ,disp5s+ ,bottles1 #cgc ,negative ,v>ni%1 #edd ,orede 7,fr5* ,gold71 #fh ,orgeat ,pun*1 #aaj ,ornam5tal ,designs on ,silv]1 #fda ,ornam5ts ( ,iron1 ,black5+1 #die ,orris & ,rose ,m\? ,wa%1 #beh ,ortol ,develop]1 #ebg ,ox-gall ,soap = ,cleans+ ,silk1 #fed ,oxide1 ,magnetic1 #fbe ( ,*rome1 #agb ( ,t91 #agb ( ,z9c ,poison1 #ig ,oxidiz$ ,/eel1 #ehd ,oxidiz+1 #aci ,processes1 #eha ,ozonat9e1 #dd ,p ,package ,pop1 #ajg ,wax1 #gee ,pack+ = ,gasol9e ,pumps1 #dhh = ,/uff+ ,boxes1 #dhh ,pack+s1 #dhh ,pads ( ,pap]1 #dhh1 #ejb ,pa9-subdu+ ,o9tm5t1 #dhg ,pa9t1 ,acid-resi/+1 #aj ,bases1 #dhi ,bru%es1 #dij at ,re/1 #ada ,clean+1 #adj ,dead5+1 #dia ,dry]s1 #dib = ,ba?tubs1 #eja = ,blackbo>ds1 #dhi = ,copp]1 #die = ,iron1 #dif = ,protect+ ,cem5t ,aga9/ ,acid1 #i ,grease1 #bbi ,peel+ (1 #eja ,remov$ f ,clo!s1 #aib ,remov]s1 #ahg to ,prev5t ,crawl+ (1 #dij ,v>ni%1 & ,enamel ,remov]s1 #ahg ,pa9t]s' ,putty1 #fjg ,pa9t+ on ,lea!r1 #dee on ,m>ble1 #dhh on ,musl91 #dhh ,ornam5ts or ,lett]s on ,clo? & ,pap]1 #dhh ,ov] ,fre% ,cem5t1 #dii ,processes1 #dhh ,pa9t+s1 #dhh to ,clean1 #aie ,pa9ts1 #dhi ,dry ,base =1 #dhi = ,gold & ,gild+1 #dib = ,metal ,surfaces1 #die = ,ro(s & ,ro( ,pap]1 #dig = ,walls ( ,cem5t1 ,pla/]1 ,h>d ,f9i%1 etc41 #dih = ,wood1 #ejj ,/a9s1 etc41 = ,%ips1 #dih ,wat]pro( & ,wea!rpro(1 #dii ,pale ,purple ,gold1 #chc ,pale-yell[ ,soap1 #feb ,palladium ,alloys1 #gc ,be>+ ,metal1 #gc ,gold1 #fi ,silv] ,alloy1 #gc ,palladiumiz+1 #ehc ,palms1 _! ,c>e1 #ejb ,panama ,hat1 ,h[ to ,clean1 #ahg ,pap]1 #ejb & ,metal ,glue1 #ad 7,anti-ru/7 = ,ne$les1 #fbe z ,protection = ,iron1 #fbe ,blott+1 #ejc ,box ,glue1 #ae ,celloid91 #ejd ,cem5ts1 #ba ,dis9fectant1 #bfc ,firepro(1 #cdd ,floor ,cov]+1 #ejf ,fro/$1 #cgd ,pap]hang]s' ,pa/es1 #ci ,pap] ,hygromet]s1 #djb ,mak+1 ,blue ,pr9t1 #ecf on ,glass1 to ,affix1 #ai ,pads1 #ejb ,pap] ,pads1 ,glue =1 #ab ,photographic1 #ebg -s5sitiz+ ,processes1 #ecf ,tickets ,fa/5+ to ,glass1 #ai ,v>ni%es1 #gbe ,wat]pro(+1 #eje1 #gea ,pap]s1 ,ignit+1 #faa ,papi]-m*1 #ejb ,p>aff9e1 #ejg ,sc5t$ ,cakes1 #ejh ,p>aff9+ ( ,floors1 #cde ,p>*m5t & ,pap]1 #ejb ,cem5t1 #ba ,pa/e1 #cg ,p>is ,gre51 #efa ,r$1 #fjj ,salts1 #bfd ,p>isian ,cem5t1 #cj ,p>mesan ,*eese1 #agg ,p>quet ,floors1 ,r5ovat+1 #cde ,poli%es1 #eia ,passe-p>t\t ,fram+1 #ejh ,pa/e1 ,ag>-ag>1 #cg ,album51 #cg ,antiseptic1 #ii ,balkan1 #ch ,pa/ebo>d ,cem5t1 #ba ,deodoriz]s1 #cii ,pa/e1 ,ela/ic or ,pliable1 #ci = ,affix+ ,clo? to ,metal1 #cg = ,clean+ ,glass1 #bjh = ,fa/5+ ,lea!r to ,desk ,tops1 etc41 #cf = ,mak+ ,pap] ,boxes1 #ae = ,pap]1 #cg = ,p>*m5t ,pap]1 #cg = ,remov+ ,old ,pa9t or ,v>ni% ,coats1 #ahh = ,tissue ,pap]1 #cg = ,wall ,pap]1 #ci ,fl\r1 #ci ,ink to ,write ) ,wat]1 #daf ,p]man5t1 #ch t w n ,mold1 #cg ,v5etian1 #ci ,pa/es1 #ce = ,pap]hang]s1 #ci = ,poli%+ ,metals1 #eie = ,silv]+1 #ehh to ,affix ,labels to ,t91 #ci ,pa/illes1 ,fumigat+1 #cfg ,pa/+ ,celluloid on ,wood1 #cf ,pap] ,signs on ,metal1 #cf ,wood & ,c>dbo>d on ,metal1 #cg ,patt]n ,lett]s & ,figures1 ,alloys =1 #hj ,pav+ ,brick1 ,/a9 =1 #aff ,pat5t ,lea!r1 #dea ,lea!r ,dress+s1 #ddi ,poli%1 #fcc ,pres]v]1 #dec ,/a9s =1 #deb ,pat9a ( ,art ,bronzes1 #ehd ,oxidiz+ ,processes1 #ehd ,pat9as1 #ehd ,pea* ,extract1 #cag ,t9t ,r\ge1 #bca ,pe>ls1 to ,clean1 #bjh ,peel+ ( ,pa9ts1 #eja ,pegamoid1 #eji ,p5cils1 ,antiseptic1 #ii = ,m>k+ ,glass1 #cgd ,p5 ,metal1 #gd ,p5s1 ,gold1 #chc ,pepp]m9t z a ,flavor1 #beb ,peps9 ,phosphate1 #aab ,p]c5tage ,solution1 #eji1 #gjd ,p]fum$ ,ammonia ,wat]1 #ia ,fumigat+ ,pa/illes1 #cfg ,pa/illes1 #ebj ,p]fumes1 #cff1 #eji ,color+1 #eaa ,directions = ,mak+1 #eab ,fumigat+1 #cff = ,hair ,oils1 #ebj = ,soap1 #fdh ,p]man5t ,pat9a = ,copp]1 #ehe ,pa/e1 #ch ,p]petual ,ink1 #djd ,p]spiration ,rem$y1 #bcc ,p]spir+ ,h&s1 #bcc ,petrolatum ,cold ,cream1 #bbf ,petroleum1 #eba ,briquettes1 #ebb ,emulsion1 #dbc = ,sp9n+1 #ebb ,hair ,wa%es1 #cij ,jellies & ,solidifi$ ,lubricants1 #dfa ,soap1 #fdh ,pewt]1 #ge ,ag+1 #ebb to ,clean1 #bje ,phosphate ,d5tal ,cem5t1 #afc ( ,case9 & its ,production1 #adi ,phosphor ,bronze1 #eh ,phosphoresc5t ,mass1 #ebc ,photograph]s' ,o9tm5t1 #dhg ,photographs1 #eed ,phosphorus ,poison1 #if1 #fad ,sub/itute1 #ebc ,photographic ,develop+ ,pap]s1 #ebg ,m\ntants1 #da ,photograph+ on ,silk1 #edj ,photographs ,enl>g$1 #edb on ,broo*es1 #eea ,transp>5t1 #ede ,photography1 #ebc )\t ,light1 #aed ,piano ,poli%es1 #eih ,piccalilli ,sauce1 #bac ,pickle = ,brass1 #acb = ,bronze1 #ach = ,copp]1 #bba = ,dipp+ ,brass1 #acb ,pickl+ ,brass l ,gold1 #acb ,iron ,scrap be=e ,enamel+1 #cje ( ,g]man-silv] ,articles1 #ehb ,process1 #dec ,spice1 #bad ,picric ,acid ,/a9s1 #ahf ,picture ,copy+1 #bbb ,po/al ,c>ds1 #ecg ,transf]r]1 #bea ,pictures1 ,gl[1 #ebb ,pigm5t ,pap]1 #edj ,pigm5ts1 #eee ,pile ,o9tm5ts1 #efa ,p9aud ,eau de ,qu99e1 #cib ,p9*beck ,gold1 #fi ,p9eapple ,ess5ce1 #cag ,lemonade1 #aaj ,p9e ,syrup1 #cbj ,p9e-t> ,d&ruff ,%ampoo1 #chi ,p+-pong ,frapp1 #aaj ,p9ion ,alloy1 #gcg ,p9k ,c>boliz$ ,sanit>y ,p[d]1 #bfc ,color on ,silv]1 #fdb ,dye = ,cotton1 #bga = ,wool1 #bga ,p9keye1 #gca ,p9k ,grease ,pa9t1 #bbi ,purple ,gold1 #chc ,salve1 #dhg ,soap1 #feb ,p9s ( ,wat*es1 #gch ,p9 ,:eels1 #fji ,pipe-jo9t ,cem5t1 #afb ,pipe ,leaks1 #ddf to ,color a ,me]s*aum1 #dfi ,pipes1 ,ru/-prev5tive =1 #fbe ,pi/a*io ,ess5ce1 #cag ,pla9 ,rubb] ,cem5t1 #cd ,plant ,f]tiliz]s1 #ccf ,pres]vatives1 #cde ,plants1 #efa ,pla/]1 #efa ,articles1 ,repair+ (1 #bg ,ca/ ( ,co9s1 #aej ,ca/s1 ,pres]vation (1 #efe = ,f\ndry ,models1 #efd f ,sp5t ,gas ,lime1 #efd ,grease1 #dfc ,irritat+1 #dhf ,model ,lubricant1 #dfc ,mold1 #aeb1 #efd ,objects1 ,clean+ (1 #efd ( ,p>is1 ,h>d5+1 #cb1 #aej1 #efd ,repair+1 #bg ,pla/ic ,alloys1 #fd & ,ela/ic ,composition1 #aeh ,metal ,composition1 #fe ,model+ ,clay1 #ahd ,sub/ances ( ,nitro-cellulose ,base1 #aef ,poli%+ ,pa/e1 #fjj ,plat9a1 ,birm+ham1 #ee ,plate ,glass1 ,remov+ ,putty1 #bjf ,pewt]1 #ge ,plates1 ,c>e ( ,photographic1 #ebc = ,engrav+1 #ga ,plat9e = ,dress ,buttons1 #hj ,plat+1 #efe ,gild+ & ,electrotyp+1 #bhh ( ,alum9um1 #egb ,plat9iz+1 #ehf ,alum9um1 #ehf ,copp] & ,brass1 #ehf ,metals1 #ehf on ,glass or ,porcela91 #ehf ,plat9otype ,pap]1 #ecj ,plat9um ,alloys1 #gc -gold ,alloys = ,d5tal ,purposes1 #gd ,pap]s & ,_! ,developm5t1 #ebi ,silv]1 #gd ,sold]s1 #ffe ,wa/e1 to ,sep>ate ,silv] f1 #fda ,platt's ,*lorides1 #bfd ,play+ ,c>ds1 to ,clean1 #bji ,plumbago1 #dfj ,plumb]s' ,cem5t1 #afa ,plumes1 #cce ,plu%1 #eij to ,remove ,grease ,spots f1 #aic ,poison ,ivy1 #if ,poison\s ,fly-pap]s1 #cdg ,mu%rooms1 #if ,poisons1 ,antidotes =1 #ib ,poli% = ,bee*wood ,furniture1 #eic = ,bronze ,articles1 #eia = ,copp] ,articles1 #eia = ,f9e ,/eel1 #eig = ,gilt ,frames1 #fjj = ,v>ni%$ ,"w1 #aie ,poli%es1 #eij ,bone1 #cie = ,alum9um1 #eij = ,b>s1 ,c\nt]s1 etc41 #eij = ,brass1 ,bronze1 ,copp]1 etc41 #eij = ,floors1 #eia = ,furniture1 #eib = ,glass1 #eic = ,ivory1 ,bone1 etc41 #eic = ,pianos1 #eif = ,silv]w>e1 #eif ,poli%es1 = ,/eel & ,iron1 #eig = ! ,laundry1 #ddd = ,wood1 #eih or ,glazes = ,laundry ,"w1 #ddd ,poli%+ ,ag5t1 #eii ,bricks1 #fjj ,clo?s1 to ,prep>e1 #eii ,cream1 #fjj ,m$iums1 #fjj ,pa/es1 #eie = ! ,nails1 #bbg ,p[d]s1 #eid ,soaps1 #eid ,poly*rom+ ( ,figures1 #eja ,pomade1 ,putz1 #bjc ,pomades1 #bgg1 #cib ,colors =1 #bbh = ! ,lips1 #bbf ,pomegranate ,ess5ce1 #cag ,poppy ,oil1 #dhd -se$ ,oil1 ,blea*+ (1 #dei ,porcela91 #fja ,h[ to ,tell ,pott]y1 #agc ,lett]s1 ,cem5t =1 #ai ,production ( ,lu/] ,colors1 #agb ,portl& ,cem5t1 #afb ,size ,ov]1 #cj ,positive ,colors1 #eef ,po/al ,c>ds1 ,h[ to ,make1 #ecg ,h[ to ,make ,s5sitiz$1 #eci ,potassium ,amalgams1 ,applications (1 #hf ,silicate z a ,cem5t1 #ai ,potato ,/>*1 #fhj ,pott]y1 #agc & ,porcela91 ,h[ to ,tell1 #agc ,bodies & ,glazes1 #afg ,metallic ,lu/] on1 #agc to ,cut1 #afd ,p\ltry ,applications1 #dai ,foods & ,p\ltry ,diseases & ,_! ,rem$ies1 #gcc ,lice ,de/roy]1 #dai ,w9e1 #gga ,p\nce1 #ahi ,p[d]$ ,camphor 9 ,p]man5t ,=m1 #add ,cork z a ,pres]vative1 #fjf ,nail ,poli%es1 #bbf ,p[d]1 ,bla/+1 #ccj ,face1 #bdc = ,clean+ ,gloves1 #aie = ,color$ ,fires1 #fji = ,gild+ ,metals1 #egi = ,h>d5+ ,iron1 #dbg ,r\p1 #gcd to ,keep ,mo?s ,away1 #dbe to ,weld ,wr\ght ,iron at ,pale-r$ ,heat ) ,wr\ght ,iron1 #gfa ,p[d]s = ,/amp+1 #fgi = ! ,toilet1 #bdb ,pres]vation & ,use ( ,calcium ,c>bide1 #add ( ,belts1 #aje ( ,c>pets1 #cii ( ,draw+s1 #bff ( ,eggs1 #bhd ( ,fats1 #cce ( ,fi%+ ,nets1 #bbc ( ,fre% ,lemon ,juice1 #def ( ,fruit ,juices1 #caj ( ,gum ,solution1 #dd ( ,meats1 #cei ( ,milk1 #dge ( ,pla/] ,ca/s1 #efe ( ,syrups1 #gja ( ,wood1 #ggf ( ,yea/1 #ghf ,pres]vative ,fluid = ,museums1 #fjb = ,/uff$ ,animals1 #fjb ,pres]vatives1 #fjb ,pres]vatives1 = ,lea!r1 #deb ,prairie ,oy/]1 #aaf ,prep>ation ( ,amalgams1 #he ( ,brick ,colors1 #afe ( ,c>bol9eum1 #adg ( ,catgut ,sutures1 #aee ( ,celluloid1 #aef ( ,emulsions ( ,crude ,petroleum1 #eba ( ,enamels1 #cjh ( ,fr5* ,bronze1 #acf ( ,syrups1 #gjb ( ,un9flammable ,celluloid1 #aeg ,prep>ations ( ,copp] ,wat]1 #bba ,prep>$ ,mu/>ds ( ,comm]ce1 #bad ,prep>+ ,bone = ,f]tiliz]1 #cch ,prep>+ ,em]y = ,lapp+1 #bhi ,pres]vative = ,/one1 #fjb ,pres]vatives = ,pa/e1 #ch = ,%oe ,soles1 #fcc = ,zoological & ,anatomical ,specim5s1 #fjb ,pres]v$ ,/rawb]ries1 #fje ,pres]v+ ,antiques1 #ih ,eggs ) ,lime1 #bhe ,meat1 a ,g]man ,me?od1 #cfa ,pressure ,table1 #gjd ,prev5t+ ! ,peel+ ( ,coat+s = ,iron1 #dbg ! ,putrefaction ( ,/rong ,glues1 #aa ,v>ni% f ,crawl+1 #gag ,prev5tion ( ,boil] ,scale1 #abb ( ,electrolysis1 #abc ( ,f]m5tation1 #gfe ( ,foam+ & ,p>tial ,c>amelization ( ,fruit ,juices1 #caa ( ,fogg+1 ,dimm+ & ,cl\d+1 #cgd ,prickly ,heat1 ,applications =1 #cih ,prim+ ,coat = ,wat] ,spots1 #eja ,iron1 #die ,pr9t ,copy+1 #bbb ,pr9t+ ,ink1 ,savages1 #dji ,inks1 #djh ,oilclo? & ,lea!r 9 ,gold1 #cgi on ,celluloid1 #afa on ,photographs1 #eed ,pr9t+-out ,pap]1 ,h[ to ,s5sitize1 #eci ,pr9t+-roll] ,compositions1 #fag ,pr9ts1 _! ,pres]vation1 #cji ,process = ,color$ ,glazes1 #afe = ,dye+ 9 ,khaki ,colors1 #bgf ( ,electroplat+1 #bhf ( ,impregnat+ ,fabrics ) ,celluloid1 #afa ,production ( ,consi/5t ,m9]al ,oils1 #dhd ( ,lampblack1 #dda ( ,lu/] ,colors on ,porcela9 & ,glaz$ ,pott]y1 #agb ( ,m9>g5t1 #fd ( ,ra9b[ ,colors on ,metals1 #efh ( ,sub/ances ,resembl+ ,celluloid1 #aeh ,prop]ties ( ,amalgams1 #he ( ,concrete ,blocks1 ,/r5g?1 #fie ,protect+ ,boil] ,plates f ,scale1 #abb ,cem5t ,aga9/ ,acid1 #i ,/uff$ ,furniture f ,mo?s1 #dbe ,protection = ,cem5t ,"w1 #afb = ,oil ,pa9t+s1 #dhh ,protection ( ,acetyl5e ,app>atus f ,fro/1 #cfc ,protective ,coat+ = ,bright ,iron ,articles1 #dif ,prussic ,acid1 #ic ,pumice ,/one1 #fjf ,pumice-/one ,soap1 #fdh ,pumillo ,toilet ,v9eg>1 #bdd ,pun*1 ,cl>et1 #aab ,puncture ,cem5t1 #afb ,purification ( ,b5z9e1 #ajf ,purify+-air1 #dd ,purify+ ,oils & ,fats1 #cce ,rancid ,ca/or ,oil1 #aec ,wat]1 #gdj ,purple & ,violet ,dyes1 #bfi ,dye1 #bfi = ,cotton1 #bgj = ,silk1 #bgj ,ink1 #daf ( ,cassius1 #chc ,putty1 #fjf ,acid-pro(1 #fjg = ,atta*+ ,sign-lett]s to ,glass1 #ai = ,celluloid1 #afa ,nose1 #bcj ,sub/itute =1 #fjh to ,remove1 #bjf ,putz ,pomade1 #bjc ,pyrocate*9 ,develop]1 #ebf ,pyrogallic ,acid ,/a9s1 #ahe ,pyrote*nics1 #fjh1 #faj ,q ,quadruple ,extract ,p]fum]y1 #eah ,qu9ce ,extract1 #cag ,flip1 #aae ,quick ,dry] = ,inks ,us$ on ,bookb9d]s' ,cases1 #daj ,quick-dry+ ,enamel ,colors1 #gbb ,quick-wat]1 #ff ,quilts1 to ,clean1 #aid ,r ,rags = ,clean+1 #aid ,raspb]ryade ,p[d]1 #fbg ,raspb]ry ,ess5ces1 #cah ,lemonade1 #aaj ,s\r1 #aaf ,syrup1 #cag1 #cah ,rat ,poisons1 #if1 #fac ,ratsbane ,poison1 #ic ,ravigotte ,mu/>d1 #bae ,razor ,pap]1 #ejc ,pa/es1 #eji1 #fae ,recipes = ,cold-/irr$ ,toilet ,soaps1 #feb = ,pott]y & ,brick ,"w1 #afg = ,sold]+1 #ffe ,recov]+ ,glyc]9e f ,soap ,boil]'s ,lye1 #cgh ,recov]y ( ,t9 & ,iron 9 ,t9n$-plate ,clipp+s1 #gjg ,recutt+ ,old ,files1 #cci ,r$ ,birds1 ,food =1 #gbi ,color+ ( ,copp]1 #bba ,crimson & ,p9k ,dyes1 #bgj ,dye = ,wool1 #bga ,furniture ,pa/e1 #eib ,gild+1 #ehj ,gold ,enamel1 #fg ,grease ,pa9t1 #bbi ,indelible ,inks1 #djf ,ink1 #daf ,pat9a1 #ehe ,russia ,lea!r ,v>ni%1 #ddi ,r$uc] = ,gelat9 ,dry-plate ,negatives1 #ece ,r$uc]s1 #eeb ,r$uc+ ,photographs1 #edb ,ref9+ ,l9se$ ,oil1 #dhd ( ,potato ,/>*1 #fhj ,ref9i%+ ,gas ,fixtures1 #acj ,reflector ,metal1 #gb ,refrig]ants1 #fae ,refrig]ation1 #faf ,refrig]ators1 ,home-made1 #faf _! ,c>e1 #dja ,regild+ ,mat ,articles1 #ehj ,re9k+ ,typewrit] ,ribbons1 #dac ,relief ,et*+ ( ,copp]1 ,/eel1 & ,brass1 #cbc ,gr\nd =1 #cbb ( ,z9c1 #cbc ,reli%es1 #bac ,rem$ies ,aga9/ ,human ,p>asites1 #dbb ,mosquitoes1 #dbe = ,dry ,rot1 #fah = ,fetid ,brea?1 #acc = ,insect ,bites1 #dag ,removable ,b9d+1 #ada ,removal ( ,anil9e-dye ,/a9s f ! ,sk91 #ahd ( ,corns1 #bbd ( ,dirt f ,p>aff9e1 #ejh ( ,heat ,/a9s f ,poli%$ ,wood1 #ggf ( ,iron f ,dr9k+ ,wat]1 #gda ( ,mu/y ,ta/e & ,smell f ,w9e1 #gga ( ,odors f ,wood5 ,boxes1 ,*e/s1 ,draw]s1 etc41 #cih ( ,pa9t f ,clo?+1 #aib ( ,p]uvian-balsam ,/a9s1 #aid ( ,picric-acid ,/a9s1 #ahf ( ,ru/1 #aii ,remov+ ,acid ,/a9s1 #ahd & ,prev5t+ ,mat* ,m>ks1 #aie ,egg ,/a9s1 #bja ,glaze f ,em]y ,:eels1 #bhi ,grease ,spots f ,plu%1 #aic ,+r\nd ,dirt1 #bce ,ink ,/a9s1 #ahi ,iron ,ru/ f ,musl91 #aic ,odor f ,pa/ebo>d1 #cii ,oil ,spots f ,lea!r1 #bjf ,oil ,/a9s f ,m>ble1 #aig ,old ,wall ,pap]1 #djj ,pa9t f ,wood1 #ahh ,silv] ,/a9s1 #bji ,spots f ,furniture1 #bjf ! ,gum ( ,/icky ,fly-pap]1 #cdh ,v>ni%1 etc41 #ahh ,w9d[ ,fro/1 #cgf ,woody ,odor1 #cii ,r5d]+ ,p>aff9e ,transp>5t1 #ejg ,r5ovat+ a ,cam]a1 #eec ,old ,p>quet ,floors1 #cde ,r5ovation ( ,poli%$ ,surfaces ( ,wood1 etc41 #aig ,repair+ ,brok5 ,glass1 #bf ,hectographs1 #cif ,rubb] ,goods1 #fbj ,replac+ ,rubies ^: ,sett+s h ,det]iorat$1 #gcf ,replat+1 #ehh ) ,batt]y1 #egc ,reproduction ( ,pla/] ,orig9als1 #efe ,resilv]+1 #ehh ( ,mirrors1 #dgf ,re/or+ ,photographs1 #edd ,t>ni%$ ,gold1 #aii ,re/oration ( ,brass ,articles1 #acb ( ,old ,pr9ts1 #cji ,re/oration ( ,spoil$ ,be]1 #aje ( ! ,color ( ,turquoises1 #dcb ,retz ,alloy1 #fd ,revolv] ,lubricants1 #dfj ,rhub>b = ,*ol]a1 #ahj ,ribbon1 ,fumigat+1 #cff ,ribbons = ,typewrit]s1 #gaa ,rice ,pa/e1 #ch ,rifle ,lubricants1 #dfj ,r+1 ,h[ to ,sold]1 #fff ,r+s on ,metal1 ,produc+ ,color$1 #ehb ,rivet+ ,*9a1 #agi ,roa* ,ext]m9ators1 #dbe ,rock-c&y ,syrup1 #gjb ,rockets1 #fji ,rock+ham ,glazes1 #aga ,rod9al ,develop]1 #ebd ,roll] ,compositions = ,pr9t]s1 #fag ,roman ,c&les1 #fji ,ro( ,pa9ts1 #dig ,ro(s1 ,h[ to ,lay1 #cig ,prev5tion ( ,leakage1 #cig ,room ,deodoriz]1 #djj ,rope ,lubricants1 #dfc ,ropes1 #fag ,wat]pro(+1 #gec ,roque=t ,*eese1 #agg ,rose's ,alloy1 #fd ,rose ,cordial1 #gfe ,cream1 #aae ,rose-,glyc]9e ,soap1 #feb ,rosem>y ,wat] = ! ,hair1 #chi ,rose ,m9t1 #aae ,p9k ,dye1 #bgh ,pomade1 #bbg ,p\dre de ,riz ,p[d]1 #bdc ,p[d]s1 #bcj ,talc1 #eaj ,rose-t9t ,glass1 #cga ,rosewood1 #ghc ,/a91 #ghc ,ros91 ,%ellac1 & ,wax ,cem5t1 #cd ,soap z an ,emulsifi]1 #bhi ,/icks1 #bfj ,te/s =1 9 ,extracts1 #cef ,rottmann]'s ,beauty ,wat]1 #bdd ,r\ge1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bcj = ,buff ,:eels1 #fah or ,p>is ,r$1 #fjj ,palettes1 #bcj ,p[d]1 #fjj ,tablets1 #bcj ,!at]1 #bca ,r\p ,cures1 #gcd ,royal ,frapp1 #aad ,mi/1 #aae ,rubb]1 #fah & ,rubb] ,articles1 #fbj ,wood ,fa/5$1 #bb ,boots & ,%oe ,cem5t1 #bc ,cem5t = ,clo?1 #bd ,cem5ts1 #bb1 #cd ,gloves1 ,sub/itute =1 #ajj ,te/+1 #fbb ,goods1 ,repair+1 #fbj ,its ,prop]ties & ,uses 9 ,wat]pro(+1 #gdc ,scraps1 ,treatm5t (1 #fba ,s(t5+1 #fba ,/amps1 #fbb ,v>ni%es1 #gbd ,ruby ,sett+s1 #gcg ,rules = ,v>ni%+1 #gag ,rum1 ,bay1 #ajd ,ruoltz ,metal1 #fd ,russet ,lea!r ,dress+1 #ddi ,russian ,lea!r1 #ded ,poli%+ ,lac1 #daa ,ru/ ,pa9ts1 #dig ,pap]1 #fbe ,ru/1 ,prev5tion = ,iron ,pipes1 #fbe ,prev5tive = ,tools1 etc41 #fbe ,remov]s1 #aic1 #aih ,prev5tives1 #fbc ,ru/y ,pieces1 to ,sep>ate1 #fbe ,s ,sac*>9e 9 ,food1 #cea ,sa*et ,p[d]s1 #eji ,safety 9 ,explosives1 #ccj ,pap]1 #ejc ,pa/e = ,mat*es1 #dfg ,sage ,*eese1 #agf ,salicyl1 ,sweet1 #beh ,salicylic ,acid 9 ,food1 #cdi ,soap1 #fed ,saltpet] 7,nitrate ( ,pota%71 #if ,salts1 ,eff]vesc5t1 #fbf ,smell+1 #fbh ,salve1 #dhf ,s&1 #fbh ,holes 9 ,brass1 #aej 9 ,ca/-brass ,"w1 #aej ,s&-lime ,brick1 #fhi ,s& ,soap1 #fed to ,prev5t ,adhesion ( ,s& to ,ca/+s1 #aej ,s&/one ,cem5ts1 #ag ,coat+1 #aj to ,remove ,oil ,spots f1 #aih ,sapo ,durus1 #fed ,saponace\s ,too? ,pa/es1 #beg ,s>sap>illa1 #fbi ,be]1 #aah ,extract1 #cah ,soluble ,extract1 #cah ,sauces1 ,table1 #bac ,sausage ,color1 #ceh ,savage's ,pr9t+ ,ink1 #dji ,sav9e ,poison1 #if ,sawdu/ = ,jewel]s1 #gcg 9 ,bran1 #abf ,saxon ,blue ,dye1 #bfh ,scald ,head1 ,soap =1 #fec ,scale = ,photographic ,r$uction1 #edb 9 ,boil]s1 #abb ,insects1 ,ext]m9ation (1 #dbc on ,orange ,trees1 #dbc ,pan ,clean]1 #bje ,scales & ,tables1 #edg ,scalp ,wa%1 #chi ,sc>let ,lake ,dyes1 #bgg ) ,lac ,dye1 #bga ,s*iffmann's ,a/hma ,p[d]1 #aja ,scissors ,h>d5+1 #fhe ,scot* ,be]1 #aah ,scrat* ,bru%+1 #egf ,screws1 #fbi ,blu+1 #fhb 9 ,wat*es1 #gch ,seal+ 7,burn+7 ,trick1 #faa ,waxes1 #gee ,sea ,sickness1 #fcj ,season+s1 #bac ,se$1 ,bird1 #abj ,seidlitz ,salt1 #fbh ,self-ignit+ ,mantles1 #dfe ,seltz] & ,lemon1 #aaj ,lemonade1 #aaj ,wat]1 #gdj ,sep>at+ ,silv] f ,plat9um ,wa/e1 #fda ,s]p5ts1 ,ph>aoh's1 #fcj ,s]viettes ,magiques1 #eif ,sett+ ( ,tools1 #gjh ! ,pa9t-bru% ,bri/les1 #ada ,sew+-ma*9e ,oil1 #dfa ,sew+ ,?read1 ,dress+ =1 #gjf ,%ades ( ,r$1 etc41 on ,matt ,gold ,bij\t]ie1 #dca ,%ad+ ,p51 ,ink =1 #daf ,%ampoo ,lotions & ,pa/es1 #cib ,soap1 #fec ,%>p5+ ,pa/es1 #eji ,/ones1 #gfa ,%av+ ,pa/e1 #fcj ,soaps1 #fdi ,%eep1 #gcd ,%eet ,brass1 #ed ,%eet-dips1 #bfd ,%eet ,metal ,alloy1 #ga ,lubricant1 #dfc ,%ellac1 #gaf ,blea*+1 #fca ,%ell ,cameos1 #fcj ,imitation (1 #dbi ,poli%es1 #eic ,%ells1 ,lubricants = ,r$raw+1 #dfc ,%]bet1 ,egg1 #aae ,%ims 9 ,eng9e ,brasses1 #fca 8,%io ,liao10 #cb ,%ip ,compositions & ,pa9ts1 #dih ,%oe ,dress+s1 #fca ,lea!r ,dress+1 #dej ,%oes1 ,black+ =1 #fca ,wat]pro(+1 #gej ,%[ ,bottles1 #abg ,%[-case ,signs1 #deg ,%[ ,cases1 #fce to ,prev5t ,dimm+ (1 #cgd ,sib]ian ,flip1 #aae ,siccatives1 #fcf ,sign ,lett]s1 #fci ,sign-lett] ,cem5ts1 #ah ,signs on ,%[ ,cases1 #deg to ,repair ,enamel$1 #cjd ,silicate ( ,oxy*loride ,cem5ts1 #ce ,silicon ,bronze1 #fa ,silk1 #fci ,gild+1 #ehj ,s5sitiz]s = ,photographic ,purposes1 #edj ,silv]1 #fci ,alloys1 #ge ,amalgam1 #hh1 #ij ,bromide ,pap]1 ,ton+ ,ba?s =1 #eda ,bronze1 #ga ,silv]-co9 ,clean]1 #bjj ,silv]1 ,copp]1 ,nickel1 & ,z9c ,alloys1 #gf ,et*+ ,fluid =1 #cbd ,fizz1 #aae ,foil ,sub/itute1 #dgd ,gray ,dye = ,/raw1 #bfi ,/a91 #ghc ,imitation1 #gg ,ink1 #daf ,nitrate ,spots1 to ,remove1 #aid ,te/ = ,cottonse$ ,oil1 #dhb ,ornam5tal ,designs on1 #fda ,silv]-plat+1 #egd1 #ehg ,silv] ,poli%+ ,balls1 #eii ,sold] = ,enamel+1 #dcd = ,plat$ ,metal1 #dcd ,sold]s1 #ffc = ,sold]+ ,iron1 ,/eel1 ,ca/ ,iron1 & ,copp]1 #ffc ,te/+1 #fdb to ,clean1 #bjd to ,color ,p9k1 #fdb to ,recov] ,gold f1 #chb ,silv]+ by ,oxidation1 #ehc ,bronze1 #ehg ,copp]1 #ehg ,glass ,balls1 ,amalgam =1 #ij ,globes1 #fda ,globes1 #dgf ( ,mirrors1 #dgf ,p[d] = ,metals1 #fdb ,silv]-plat+1 & ,desilv]+1 #ehg ,te/ =1 #fdb ,silv]w>e ,clean]1 #bjj ,poli%es1 #eif ,wrapp+ ,pap] =1 #ejf ,silv]-z9c1 #gf ,similor1 #fh ,simple ,color+ ( ,bronze ,p[d]1 #acd ,te/ = ,r$ ,lead & ,orange ,lead1 #ddf ,way to ,clean a ,clock1 #bjg ,s9ews1 ,treatm5t (1 #aa ,s9ks1 to ,clean1 #bjb ,size ,ov] ,portl& ,cem5t1 #ca ,siz+1 #ch ,walls = ,kalsom9e1 #dcf ,sk9 ,blea*es1 ,balms1 etc41 #bcd ,*app$1 #bcb ,sk9-clean+ ,prep>ations1 #ahd ,sk9 ,cream1 #bci ,discoloration1 #bce ,foods1 #bca1 #bcd ,lotion1 #bcd ,o9tm5ts1 #dhg ,tr\bles1 #fdd ,slate1 #fdc ,dye = ,silk1 #bfi = ,/raw ,hats1 #bfi ,p>*m5t1 #ejf ,slides = ,lant]ns1 #ecb ,slipcoat or ,s(t ,*eese1 #agg ,slugs on ,roses1 #dbc ,sm>agd9e1 #de ,smell+ ,salts1 #eaj1 #fbh ,smokeless ,p[d]1 #cbi ,v>i-color$ ,fire1 #fji ,smut1 ,treatm5t =1 #chd ,snake ,bites1 #if1 #fdc ,soap1 ,b5zo91 #feb ,soap-bubble ,liquids1 #fee ,soap1 ,color+1 #fdd = ,surgical ,in/rum5ts1 #fec = ,g>m5t ,clean+1 #fde ,p]fumes1 #ebj ,poli%es1 #eid ,p[d]1 ,borax1 #fdi1 #fej ,sub/itutes1 #fec ,too?1 #beg ,soaps1 #fdd & ,pa/es = ,gloves1 #aie = ,clo?+ & ,fabrics1 #aia ,soda1 ,c(fee ,cream1 #aac ,wat]1 #aaa ,soda-wat] ,f\nta9 ,dr9ks1 #aaj ,sodium ,amalgams1 ,applications (1 #hf ,salts1 ,eff]vesc5t1 #fbg ,silicate z a ,cem5t1 #ai ,s(t ,enamels = ,iron1 ,:ite1 #cje ,g]man-silv] ,sold]1 #ffa ,glaze ,brick1 #afe ,gold ,sold]1 #dcd ,metal ,ca/+s1 #aea ,silv] ,sold]s1 #ffd ,sold]+ ,pa/e1 #ffg ,sold]1 #ffd ,toilet ,soaps1 #feb ,s(t5+ ,celluloid1 #afj ,rubb]1 #fba ,/eel1 #fhg ,sold]1 ,copp]1 #fei = ,articles :i* w n ,be> a ,high ,temp]ature1 #fff = ,brass ,tubes1 #fei = ,fa/5+ ,brass to ,t91 #fei = ,gold1 #dcd = ,iron1 #ffe = ,silv] ,*a9s1 #ffd = ,silv]-plat$ ,"w1 #ffd = ,silv]smi?s1 #ffd f ,gold1 to ,remove1 #chc ,sold]+1 ,acids1 #fef a ,r+ ,conta9+ a ,jewel1 #dcf1 #fff ,block1 #ffg ,sold]+1 ,conceal$1 #ffe ( ,metallic ,articles1 #fef ( ,metals1 #fee ,fluxes =1 #ffj ,pa/e1 #ffg ,p[d] = ,/eel1 #ffe ,recipes1 #ffe ,solution = ,/eel1 #ffe )\t ,heat1 #fff ,sold]s1 #fee = ,glass1 #ffb = ,gold1 #dcd = ,jewel]s1 #dcf = ,silv]1 #dcd ,solid ,alcohol1 #de ,cleans+ ,comp\nd1 #bji ,l9se$ ,oil1 #dhc ,solidifi$ ,lubricants1 #dfb ,soluble ,blue1 #ddc ,ess5ce ( ,g+]1 #cad ,extract ( ,g+] ,ale1 #ajh ,glass1 ,bronz+ )1 #aci ,gun ,cotton1 #ccb ,solution = ,remov+ ,nitrate ( ,silv] ,spots1 #aid ,solutions = ,batt]ies1 #ajd = ,clean+ ,metals1 #bjj ,p]c5tage1 #gjd ,solv5t = ,iron ,ru/1 #bja ,solv5ts = ,celluloid1 #afj ,sorel's ,d5tal ,cem5t1 #afc ,s\p ,h]b ,extract1 #bab ,s\rces ( ,potable ,alcohol1 #ffh ,sozodont1 #bef ,sp>kl+ ,w9es1 #gfg ,sp>ks f ! ,f+] ,tips1 #faa ,spatt] ,"w1 #deg ,spav9 ,cures1 #gcj ,spe>m9t ,cordial1 #gfe ,special ,glazes = ,bricks1 #afg ,specific ,gravity ,te/1 #chb ,speculum ,metal1 #gc ,spice = ,fruit ,compote1 #fje ,pickl+1 #bad ,spices1 ,adult]at$1 #ceh = ,flavor+1 #bac ,_s1 #ffg1 #fgh ,/a9s = ,wood1 #ghd ,spirits ( ,salts ,poison1 #ib ,sponge ,trick1 ,blaz+1 #faa ,w9d[ ,display1 #fgi ,sponges1 #fgh z ,filt]s1 #cci ,/]ilization (1 #fgi to ,clean1 #baj ,spot & ,/a9 ,remov]s1 #ahe ,gild+1 #ehj ,spots on ,photographic ,plates1 #eed ,spra9 ,wa%es1 #gcj ,spray ,solution1 #ajc ,spr+ ,clean+1 #bjg ,h>d5+1 #fhe ,spr+s ( ,wat*es1 #gcg to ,clean1 #bjg ,spr9kl+ ,p[d]s = ,flies1 #dba ,spruce ,be]1 #aah1 #aai ,squibb's ,di>rha ,mixture1 #agi ,squill ,poisons1 #fac ,/age ,decorations1 ,firepro(+1 #cdb ,/a91 ,brick1 #acc = ,blue ,pav+ ,bricks1 #aff ,/a9-remov+ ,soaps1 #fec ,/a9$ ,ceil+s1 #djj ,/a9+ ,horns1 #cig ,/a9s1 #gha = ,lacqu]s1 #dch = ,oak ,lea!r1 #dee = ,pat5t ,lea!r1 #deb = ,wood1 #gha ,attack$ by ,alkalies or ,acids1 #ghe ,/amp+1 #fgi ,colors = ,use ) ,rubb] ,/amps1 #fgi ,/amp+ ,liquids & ,p[d]s1 #fgi ,p[d] = ,embroid]ies1 #fhj ,/>*1 #dde1 #fhj 9 ,jelly1 ,te/s =1 #ceg ,lu/]1 #cii ,pa/e1 #ce ,p[d]1 #fha ,/>*-produc+ ,plants1 #ffh ,/atu>y ,bronze1 #eg ,/atue ,clean+1 #aig ,/atuettes1 ,clean+ (1 #efd ( ,lip[itz ,metal1 #fd ,/eam ,cyl9d] ,lubricant1 #dfc ,/eel1 #fha ,alloys1 #gg = ,draw+ ,colors on1 #hj = ,locomotive ,cyl9d]s1 #gg & ,iron ,poli%es1 #eig ,blue & ,old ,silv] on ,brass1 #acj ,blu+1 #fhb ,bronze1 #fa ,br[n+ (1 #fhb ,clean]1 #aii ,color+1 #fhb ,di/+ui%+ ,iron f1 #dbg ,du/ z a ,poli%+ ,ag5t1 #fjj ,et*+1 #cbc on1 #fhg ,fragm5ts1 #fhg ,/eel-h>d5+ ,p[d]1 #dbg ,/eel1 ,oxidiz$1 #ehd ,pa9t =1 #dig ,plat+1 #ege ,poli%es1 #eig ,sold]+1 #ffe ,te/+1 #fhg to ,clean1 #aii ,tools1 to ,put an ,edge on1 #fhf ,wire ,h>d5+1 #fhd ,/5cil ,inks1 #daa ,m>k+ ,ink t w ,wa% ,out1 #cii ,/5cils = ,plott+ ,lett]s ( ,sign ,plates1 #bif ,/]eo*romy1 #fhh ,/]eopticon ,slides1 #ecb ,/]eotype ,metal1 #gg ,/]ilization ( ,sponges1 #fgi ( ,wat] ) ,lime ,*loride1 #gda ,/]l+ ,silv]1 #dcd ,/ick ,pomade1 #bbh ,/icky ,fly-pap]s1 #cdg ,fly ,prep>ations1 #dba ,/ilton ,*eese1 #agg ,/one1 ,artificial1 #fhh ,cem5ts1 #af ,clean+1 #aif ,pres]vative =1 #fjb ,/ones = ,%>p5+1 #gjh1 #gfa 7,preci\s71 ,imitation (1 #cgj ,/onew>e1 #afg & ,glass ,cem5ts1 #bf ,wat]pro( ,cem5ts =1 #ba ,/opp] ,lubricants1 #dfb1 #gjj ,/ore ,w9d[s1 to ,clean1 #bji ,/ove1 ,black+1 #gjj ,cem5t1 #afb ,clean]s1 #bjb ,lacqu]1 #dda ,poli%1 #eig1 #gjj ,v>ni%es1 #gbg ,/ramonium1 ,antidote =1 #ajb ,/rap ,lubricant1 #dfj ,/rawb]ries1 ,pres]v$1 #fje ,/rawb]ry ,ess5ce1 #cah ,juice1 #cah ,pomade1 #bbg ,/raw1 ,blea*+1 #abj ,firepro(+1 #cdc ,/raw-hat ,clean]s1 #ahg ,dyes1 #cid ,/r5g!n$ ,filt] ,pap]1 #ejc ,/ripp+ ,gilt ,articles1 #bje ,photograph ,films1 #eec ,/rong ,adhesive ,pa/e1 #cg1 #ci ,cem5t1 #cb ,tw9e1 #bbc ,/rontium ,amalgams1 #hf ,/ropp+ ,pa/es1 #fae ,/ry*n9e or ,nux ,vomica1 #if ,poisons1 #fad ,/uff$ ,animals1 ,pres]v$1 #fjb ,/yptic ,pa/e ( ,gutta ,p]*a1 #gja ,/yptics1 #gja ,sub/ances ,us$ = ,d5atur+ ,alcohol1 #fgh ,sub/itute = ,b5z9e1 #ajf = ,camphor 9 ! ,prep>ation ( ,celluloid & ,applicable to ,o!r ,purposes1 #aeg = ,cem5t on ,gr9d] ,disks1 #ca = ,cork1 #bbd = ,fire ,gr5ades1 #cda = ,gum ,arabic1 #chf = ,putty1 #fjh = ,rubb] ,gloves1 #ajj = ,sold]+ ,fluid1 #fei ,sub/itutes = ,c(fee1 #baj = ,g]man ,silv]1 #gj = ,wood1 #ghe ,suffolk ,*eese1 #agg ,sug>-produc+ ,plants1 #ffh ,sulphate ( ,z9c ,poison1 #ig ,/a9s1 to ,remove1 #ahf ,sulphuric ,acid ,poison1 #ib ,summ] ,dr9k1 #aah ,taffy1 #bag ,sun ,bronze1 #fa ,*ol]a ,mixture1 #agi ,sunburn ,rem$ies1 #bdj1 #bda ,sunfl[]-glyc]9e ,soap1 #fec ,sup]fatt$ ,liquid ,lanol9-glyc]9e ,soap1 #fdg ,sutures ( ,catgut1 #aee ,swiss ,*eese1 #agg ,sympa!tic ,inks1 #dab ,syndeticon1 #cb ,syrup ( ,brom(orm1 #acd 7,raspb]ry71 #cag ,table1 #gjd ,syrups1 #cba1 #gja ,szeg$9 ,soap1 #fec ,t ,table ( ,drops1 #gjd ,sauces1 #bac ,%[+ ,displacem5t on ,gr\nd ,glass ( ,objects 9 ,motion1 #edh ,top1 ,acid-pro(1 #i ,tables1 #gjc & ,scales1 #edg = ,photograph]s1 #edg ,tablet ,enamel+1 #bic ,tablets1 ,*ocolate ,coat$1 #agi = ,m\? ,wa%1 #bei ,glue =1 #ac ,taffy1 #bag ,tailor's ,*alk1 #afd ,talc ,p[d]1 #bdc ,talcum ,p[d]1 #bdc ,tall[1 #ccd ,talmi ,gold1 #fi ,tamp+ ( ,concrete ,blocks1 #fie ,tan & ,freckle ,lotion1 #bda & ,russet ,%oe ,poli%es1 #fcc ,tank1 #gje ,tann$ ,lea!r1 ,dye =1 #ddg ,tann+1 #dec ,hides1 #ded ,taps1 to ,remove ,brok51 #gje ,t> ,pa9ts1 #ghj ,t>ragon ,mu/>d1 #bae ,t> ,syrup1 #cbj ,ta/eless ,ca/or ,oil1 #aec ,tattoo ,m>ks1 ,removal (1 #gje ,taw+1 #ddh ,tea ,extract1 #cai ,hot1 #aac ,tea-rose ,talc ,p[d]1 #bdc ,tee?1 to ,:it5 ,discolor$1 #gje ,telescope ,metal1 #ga ,temp]ature = ,bru%es1 #adj ( ,metal1 #aeb ( ,wat] = ,plants1 #efa ,temp]$ ,copp]1 #bba ,temp]+ ,brass1 #acb ,/eel1 #fhc ,t]ra ,cotta ,clean+1 #aig ,sub/itute1 #gje ,te/ = ,glue1 #aj ,te/+ ,nickel1 #dha ,rubb] ,gloves1 #fbb ,siccatives1 #fcg ,silv]1 #fdb ,/eel1 #fhg ,te/s = ,absolute ,alcohol1 #de = ,anil9e 9 ,pigm5ts1 #efj = ,cotton1 #bde = ,lubricants1 #dfc = ,yea/1 #ghf ,textile ,clean+1 #aia ,!at] ,r\ge1 #bca ,! ,burn+ ,banana1 #faa ,gum-bi*romate ,photopr9t+ ,process1 #edf ,pres]vation ( ,books1 #abd ,prev5tion ( ! ,inflammability ( ,b5z9e1 #ajf ,!rapeutic ,gr\p+ ( ,m$ic9al ,pla/]s1 #efa ,!rmomet]s1 #gjf ,?read1 #gjf ,?ree-color ,process1 #edh ,?roat ,loz5ges1 #bah ,?ymol1 #ajj ,ticks1 ,cattle ,dip =1 #dai ,ti]s-,arg5t ,alloy1 #ge ,tilemak]s' ,notes1 #afd ,t91 #di1 #gjf ,alloys1 #gg ,amalgams1 ,applications (1 #hg ,a%1 #agb ,bismu?1 & ,magnesium1 #di ,bronz+1 #efg ,*loride ( ,t91 ,poison1 #ig ,t9ctures = ,p]fumes1 #eac ,t91 ,et*+ ,fluid =1 #cbd ,t9foil1 #gjg ,t9 ,foils = ,capsules1 #dgd = ,wrapp+ ,*eese1 #dgd ,t9 9 ,p[d] ,=m1 #gjg ,t9-lead1 #gg ,alloys1 #gh ,t9n$ ,surface1 #ehi ,t9n+1 #ehd by ,oxidation1 #ehd ,t9 ,plat+ by ,electric ,ba?1 #ege ( ,lead1 #ehi ,t9sel$ ,lett]s1 or ,*9ese ,pa9t+ on ,glass1 #deh ,t9 ,silv]-,plat+1 #ehi ,sold]s1 #ffe ,/atuettes1 ,buttons1 etc41 #gh ,v>ni%es1 #gbg ,tipp+ ,gold ,p5s1 #chc ,tire1 #gjh ,cem5ts1 #bc ,tissi]'s ,metal1 #fd ,tissue ,pap]1 ,pa/e =1 #cg ,to ,asc]ta9 :e!r an ,article is ,nickel$1 ,t9n$1 or ,silv]$1 #ehi ,atta* ,glass ,labels to ,bottles1 #da ,gold ,leaf ,p]man5tly1 #dgd ,tob9 ,bronze1 #fa ,to ,black5 ,alum9um1 #ha ,blea* ,glue1 #cgh ,tobacco ,poison1 #ig ,to ,bronze ,copp]1 #acf ,burni% ,gilt ,"w1 #chd ,caseh>d5 ,locally1 #fhd ,ca/ ,yell[ ,brass1 #ed ,cem5t ,glass to ,iron1 #ag ,cl>ify ,liqueurs1 #ggj ,solutions ( ,gelat91 ,glues1 etc41 #cgj ,turbid ,orange ,fl[] ,wat]1 #eab ,clean a ,gas ,/ove1 #bjb ,alum9um1 #bjd ,articles ( ,nickel1 #bja ,bru%es ( ,dry ,pa9t1 #ahh ,color$ ,lea!r1 #ahf ,dull ,gold1 #bjd ,files1 #bje ,fire-gilt ,articles1 #ahe ,furs1 #cfh ,gilt ,frames1 etc41 #ahe ,gilt ,objects1 #bjc ,gold & ,silv] ,lace1 #aic ,gumm$ ,p>ts ( ,ma*9]y1 #bjc ,gumm$-up ,spr+s1 #bjg ,jet ,jewelry1 #dca ,lacqu]$ ,goods1 #aie ,l9oleum1 #bjf ,milk ,glass1 #bji ,mirrors1 #bji ,oily ,bottles1 #baj ,old ,m$als1 #aii ,pa9t$ ,walls1 #aij ,pa9t+s1 #aie ,petroleum ,lamp ,burn]s1 #bjj ,play+ ,c>ds1 #bji ,poli%$ ,p>ts ( ,ma*9es1 #bja ,quilts1 #aid ,silv] ,ornam5ts1 #bja ,sk9s ,us$ = ,poli%+ ,purposes1 #ahf ,sold]$ ,wat* ,cases1 #bjg ,sponges1 #baj ,/ore ,w9d[s1 #bji ,t>ni%$ ,z9c1 #bje ! ,tops ( ,clocks 9 ,repair+1 #bj ,v ,soil$ ,h&s1 #ahe ,wat* ,*a9s1 #bjf ,wool1 #bgc ,z9c ,articles1 #bjc ,coat ,brass ,articles ) ,antimony ,colors1 #eha ,color a ,me]s*aum ,pipe1 #dfi ,billi>d ,balls ,r$1 #dbh ,bronze1 #ach ,butt]1 #cei ,*eese1 #cei ,gold1 #chc ,iron ,blue1 #dbg ,ivory1 #dbh ,conceal ,sold]+1 #ffe ,copp] ,alum9um1 #eha ,copy ,old ,lett]s1 etc41 #bbc ,cut ,ca/ile ,soap1 #fdd ,glass1 #cga ,to ,cut ,glass "u ,wat]1 #cgb ,pott]y1 #afd ,toddy1 ,hot ,soda1 #aab ,to ,detect ,artificial ,vanill9 9 ,vanilla ,extracts1 #gac ! ,pres5ce ( ,anil9e 9 a ,pigm5t1 #efj ,tonka 9 ,vanilla ,extract1 #gad ,det]m9e ! ,cov]+ ,p[] ( ,pigm5ts1 #efj ,dissolve ,copp] f ,gold ,articles1 #chb ,to ,di/+ui% ,cotton f ,l951 #bdf ,g5u9e ,diamonds1 #bfj ,glue & ,o!r ,adhesives1 #cgh ,iron f ,/eel1 #dbg ,/eel f ,iron1 #fhg ,d ,away ) ,wip+ ,di%es1 #cii ,dra9 a ,refrig]ator1 #faf ,drill ,optical ,glass1 #cgb ,dye ,copp] ,p>ts ,violet & ,orange1 #bba ,cotton ,d>k ,br[n1 #bhj ,fea!rs1 #bhb ,felt ,goods1 #bha ,silk a ,delicate ,gre5i% ,yell[1 #bhj ,silk ,peacock ,blue1 #bha ,/iff51 & ,blea* ,felt ,hats1 #bgc ,wool5 ,y>ns1 etc41 ,v>i\s ,%ades ( ,mag5ta1 #bhj ,wool5s ) ,blue de ,lyons1 #bhj ,eat ,burn+ ,coals1 #fab ,e/imate ,cont5ts ( a ,circul> ,tank1 #gje ,extract ,oil ,spots f ,f9i%$ ,goods1 #bgc ,%ellac f ,fur ,hats1 #cid ,fa/5 ,brass ^u ,glass1 #ag ,pap] ,tickets to ,glass1 #ai ,rubb] to ,wood1 #bb ,fill ,engrav$ ,lett]s on ,metal ,signs1 #deg ,f9d ! ,numb] ( ,c>ats1 #dcb ,fire ,pap]1 etc41 by ,brea?+ on x1 #faa ,fix ,alcoholic ,lacqu]s on ,metallic ,surfaces1 #ddj ,dyes1 #bgd ,gold ,lett]s1 etc41 ^u ,glass1 #ah ,pap] ^u ,poli%$ ,metal1 #cg ,iron 9 ,/one1 #afb ,fuse ,gold ,du/1 #chd ,give a ,br[n ,color to ,brass1 #acj a ,gre5 ,color to ,gold ,jewelry1 #ehb ,brass a ,gold5 ,color1 #egg ,d>k ,inks a ,bronze or ,*angeable ,hue1 #dji ,gr9d ,glass1 #cgb ,h>d5 a ,hamm]1 #fhd ,h>d-sold] ,p>ts ,=m]ly ,sold]$ ) ,t9 ,sold]1 #ffc ,imp>t ! ,aroma & ,ta/e ( ,natural ,butt] to ,m>g>9e1 #adc ,improve ,dead5$ ,brass ,p>ts #acb ,increase ! ,t\ghness1 ,d5sity1 & ,t5acity ( ,alum9um1 #hc ,toilet ,creams1 #bce ,milks1 #bci ,p[d]s1 #bdb ,soap ,p[d]1 #feb ,toilet ,soaps1 #fej ,v9eg>s1 #bdd ,wat]s1 #bdd1 #eai ,to ,keep ,files ,clean1 #cci ,flaxse$ ,free f ,bugs1 #dbd ,flies f ,fre% ,pa9t1 #eja ,ice 9 ,small ,quantities1 #djb ,india ,ink ,liquid1 #djg ,liquid ,pa9t 9 ,workable ,condition1 #eja ,keep ,ma*9]y ,bright1 #fbd ,tolidol ,develop]1 #eb ,to ,loos5 a ,glass ,/opp]1 #gjj a ,ru/y ,screw 9 a ,wat* ,movem5t1 #gch ,tomato ,b\illon ,extract1 #bab ,tombac ,volor on ,brass1 #acj ,to ,make a ,belt ,pull1 #ajf a ,clock ,/rike ,correctly1 #gch a ,transp>5t ,cem5t = ,glass1 #bi ,cid]1 #ahj ,corks ,imp]meable & ,acid-pro(1 #aj ,fat ,oil ,gold ,size1 #chb ,holes 9 ,?9 ,glass1 #cgb ,loose ,nails 9 ,walls ,rigid1 #cii or ,enl>ge a ,dial ,hole1 #gcg ,plu% ,adh]e to ,metal1 #eij ,matt ,gilt ,articles1 #dcb ,m5d ,gr9d/ones1 #chf ,w$gwood ,mort>s1 #bi ,ton+ ,ba?s1 #edj = ,silv] ,bromide ,pap]1 #eda ,black ,inks1 #dji ,tonka ,extract1 #cai ,its ,detection 9 ,vanilla ,extracts1 #gad ,tool ,lubricant1 #dfa ,sett+1 #gjh ,tools1 ,ru/ ,prev5tion1 #fbe ,too?a*e1 #gji ,too? ,cem5ts1 #afc ,pa/e to be put 9 ,collapsible ,tubes1 #beg ,pa/es1 ,p[d]s1 & ,wa%es1 #bea ,p[d] = ,*ildr51 #bee ,p[d]s & ,pa/es1 #bec ,soaps & ,pa/es1 #beg ,/raight5+1 #gcg ,to ,ov]come ,odors 9 ,fre%ly ,prep>$ ,rooms1 #djj ,pa9t ,wr\ght ,iron ) ,graphite1 #dif ,pa/e ,pap] on ,smoo? ,iron1 #cg ,pickle ,black ,iron-plate ,scrap ,be=e ,enamel+1 #cje ,poli% ,delicate ,objects1 #eii ,pa9t+s on ,wood1 #fjj ,prep>e ,poli%+ ,clo?s1 #eii ,pres]ve ,beef1 #cfj ,furs1 #cfh ,milk1 #fjf ,/eel f ,ru/1 #aii ,prev5t ,crawl+ ( ,pa9ts1 #dij ,dimm+ ( ,eyeglasses1 etc41 #cgf ,glue f ,crack+1 #aj ,screws f ,ru/+ & ,becom+ ,fa/1 #fbi ,smoke f ,fla%light1 #eeb ! ,adhesion ( ,model+ ,s& to ,ca/+s1 #aej ! ,trickl+ ( ,burn+ ,c&les1 #ade ,wood ,w>p+1 #gha ,wood5 ,vessels f ,leak+1 #ddf ,produce ,f9e ,leaves ( ,metal1 #dgc ,protect ,pap]$ ,walls f ,v]m91 #dja ,z9c ,ro(+ f ,ru/1 #fbf ,purify ,bismu?1 #chj ,put an ,edge on ,/eel ,tools1 #fhf ,quickly ,remove a ,r+ f a ,swoll5 ,f+]1 #dca ,reblack ,clock ,h&s1 #gch ,recognize ,:e!r an ,article is ,gilt1 #chc ,recov] ,gold-leaf ,wa/e1 #cha ,r$uce ,engrav+s1 #caj ,to ,r$uce ,photographs1 #edh ,ref9e ,bo>d ,sweep+s1 #dcb ,rem$y ,worn ,p9ions f ,wat*es1 #gch ,remove a ,"n f a ,dial1 #bjg ,anil9e ,/a9s1 #ahe f ,ceil+s1 etc41 #aij ,balsam ,/a9s1 #aid ,black ,lett]s f ,:ite ,enamel$ ,signs1 #fci ,burnt ,oil f ,h>d5$ ,/eel1 #fhf ,enamel & ,t9 ,sold]1 #ahh ,fragm5ts ( ,/eel f ,o!r ,metals1 #fhg ,f+] ,m>ks f ,books1 etc41 #ahf ,glue f ,glass1 #bjh ,gold f ,silv]1 #chb ,grease ,spots f ,m>ble1 #aig ,h>d ,grease1 ,pa9t1 etc41 f ,ma*9]y1 #bjj ,ink ,/a9s on ,silv]1 #bja ,nitric-acid ,/a9s1 #ahe ,oil-pa9t ,spots f ,glass1 #bji ,oil-pa9t ,spots f ,s&/ones1 #aih ,old ,enamel1 #ahi ,old ,oil1 ,pa9t1 or ,v>ni% ,coats1 #ahg ,pa9t1 ,v>ni%1 etc41 f ,wood1 #ahh ,putty1 ,grease1 etc41 f ,plate ,glass1 #bjf ,pyro ,/a9s f ! ,f+]s1 #eee ,r$ 7,anil9e7 ,ink1 #aij ,ru/ f ,in/rum5ts1 #aii ,ru/ f ,iron ,ut5sils1 #aih ,ru/ f ,nickel1 #aii1 #bjc ,silv] ,plat+1 #bjc ,silv] ,/a9s f ,:ite ,fabrics1 #aic ,s(t ,sold] f ,gold1 #chc ,spots f ,draw+s1 #bjf ,spots f ,trac+ ,clo?1 #aib ,/a9s f ! ,h&s1 #ahd ,/a9s ( ,sulphate1 #ahf ,/ra9s 9 ,metal by ,heat+1 #fhf ,v>ni% f ,metal1 #ahh ,vegetable ,gr[? f ,build+s1 #bji ,wat] ,/a9s f ,v>ni%$ ,furniture1 #ahh ,vasel9e ,/a9s f ,clo?+1 #aib ,r5d] ,anil9e ,colors ,soluble 9 ,wat]1 #bgd ,f9e ,cracks 9 ,tools ,visible1 #fhf ,gum ,arabic ,m ,adhesive1 #dc ,negatives ,p]man5t1 #eec ,pale ,gold ,d>k]1 #chc ,%runk5 ,wood5 ,casks ,wat]tight1 #adi ,w9d[ ,panes ,opaque1 #cge ,r5ew ,old ,silks1 #bgd ,r5ovate & ,bright5 ,russet & ,yell[ ,%oes1 #fcc ,brick ,walls1 #aij ,old ,oil ,pa9t+s1 #dhh ,/raw ,hats1 #ahg ,repair a ,dial1 etc41 ) ,enamel ,appli$ ,cold1 #gcg a ,repeat+ ,clock-bell1 #gcg ,enamel$ ,signs1 #cjd ,me]s*aum ,pipes1 #dfi ,re/ore ,bru%es1 #ada ,pat5t ,lea!r ,da%1 #deb ,to ,re/ore ,r$d5$ ,c>bolic ,acid1 #adg ! ,color ( a ,gold or ,gilt ,dial1 #bjg ,burnt ,/eel1 #fhf ,tortoise-%ell ,poli%es1 #eic ,to ,scale ,ca/ ,iron1 #bjd ,sc5t ,adv]tis+ ,matt]1 #eaj ,sep>ate ,ru/y ,pieces1 #fbe ,silv] ,brass1 ,bronze1 ,copp]1 #ehg ,glass ,balls & ,plate ,glass1 #ehg ,silv]-plate ,metals1 #ehh ,s(t5 ,glazi]s' ,putty1 #fjg ,horn1 #cig ,iron ,ca/+s1 #dbg ,old ,:itewa%1 #gfb ,sold] a ,piece ( ,h>d5$ ,/eel1 #ffe ,/op ,leakage 9 ,iron ,hot-,wat] ,pipes1 #ddf ,sweet5 ,rancid ,butt]1 #adc ,take ,boil+ ,lead 9 ! ,m\?1 #fab ,tell ,g5u9e ,me]s*aum1 #dfi ,temp] ,small ,coil ,spr+s & ,tools1 #fhc ,te/ ,extract ( ,licorice1 #deh ,fruit ,juices & ,syrups = ,anil9e ,colors1 #cba ,fruit ,juices = ,salicylic ,acid1 #cba ! ,color to ,see if x is ,precipitat+1 #bgg ,tight5 a ,ruby ,p91 #gch ,t\gh5 ,*9a1 #agc ,transf] ,designs1 #gaj ,engrav+s1 #gaj ,turn ,bluepr9ts ,br[n1 #edb ,utilize ,drill ,*ips1 #fhf ,t\*/one1 ,aqua=tis = !1 #chc ,t\gh5+ ,lea!r1 #dee ,to ,weak5 a ,balance ,spr+1 #gcc ,:it5 ,flannels1 #ddf ,iron1 #dbg ,wid5 a ,jewel ,hole1 #dca ,trac+-clo? ,clean]s1 #aid ,trac+ ,clo?1 ,remov+ ,spots f1 #aib ,trac+1 ,h[ to ,clean1 #aid ,pap]1 #ejc ,tragacan?1 ,mucilage (1 #db ,transf] ,processes1 #gaj ,transp>5cies1 #gji ,transp>5t ,c&les1 #ade ,brick ,glaze1 #afg ,gr\nd ,glass1 #cgc ,photographs1 #ede ,soaps1 #feb ,trays1 ,v>ni% =1 #gbg ,treacle ,be]1 #aai ,treatm5t & ,utilization ( ,rubb] ,scraps1 #fba ( ,bunions1 #bbd ( ,c>bolic-acid ,burns1 #adg ( ,ca/-iron ,grave ,crosses1 #bjb ( ,corns1 #bbe ( ,damp ,walls1 #djj ( ,fre% ,pla/]1 #efd ( ,newly ,laid ,l9oleum1 #dei ( ! ,gr9d/one1 #chf ,tricks ) ,fire1 #fjh ,triple ,extract ,p]fum]y1 #eah ,pewt]1 #ge ,tubs3 to ,r5d] ,%runk5 ,tubs ,wat]-tight1 #adi ,turm]ic 9 ,food1 #ceb ,turp5t9e ,/a9s1 #ghd ,turquoises1 ,re/oration ( ! ,color (1 #dcb ,turtle 7,mock7 ,extract1 #bab ,tw9e1 #gaa ,/rong1 #bbc ,two-solution ,ink ,remov]1 #ahi ,type ,metal1 #gh ,typewrit] ,ribbon ,inks1 #dac ,ribbons1 #gaa ,u ,udd] ,inflammation1 #gca ,unclassifi$ ,alloys1 #hj ,dy]s' ,recipes1 #bgc ,unclean ,l5ses1 #def ,un9flammable ,celluloid1 #aeg ,unit$ ,/ates ,weights & ,measures1 #geh ,unit+ ,glass ) ,horn1 #ag ,rubb] & ,lea!r1 #bb ,univ]sal ,cem5t1 #ca ,clean]1 #bji ,ur9e1 ,detection ( ,album51 #dd ,ut5sils1 ,capacities (1 #gjc to ,remove ,ru/1 #aih ,utilization ( ,wa/e ,mat]ial or ,by-products1 #fgc ,v ,valves1 #gaa ,vanilla1 #gac ,extract1 #cai1 #cee ,sub/itute1 #gad ,vanill91 #gac ,vasel9e ,pomade1 #bbh ,/a9s1 to ,remove1 #aib ,vasolim5tum1 #gbh ,v>ni% & ,pa9t ,remov]1 #ahh ,bookb9d]s'1 #gbj ,bru%es at ,re/1 #ada = ,bicycles1 #gai = ,blackbo>ds1 #gbj = ,floors1 #gbd = ,trays & ,t9w>e1 #gbg ,gums ,us$ 9 ,mak+1 #gae ,h[ to ,p\r ,out1 #aec ,mak+1 ,l9se$ ,oil =1 #dhc ,manufactur+ ,h9ts1 #gae ,remov]s1 #ahg ,sub/itutes1 #gbg ,v>ni%$ ,pap]1 #ejf ,v>ni%es1 #edc1 #gad ,engrav]s'1 #gbc ,insulat+1 #dbf ,photographic ,ret\*+1 #edc ,v>ni%+1 ,rules =1 #gag ,vat ,enamels & ,v>ni%es1 #gba ,vegetable ,acids1 ,poison1 #ib ,vegetables1 ,cann$1 #ceb ,vehicle = ,oil ,colors1 #efj ,v5etian ,pa/e1 #ci ,v]milion ,grease ,pa9t1 #bbi ,v]m9 ,kill]1 #dbb ,v ,h>d ,silv] ,sold]1 #ffc ,vet]9>y ,dose ,table1 #gbi ,=mulas1 #gbh ,vi*y1 #gdj ,salt1 #fbh ,violet ,ammonia1 #bdd1 #bde ,color = ,ammonia1 #ia ,cream1 #aae ,dye = ,silk or ,wool1 #bgj = ,/raw ,bonnets1 #bgj ,flavor = ,c&y1 #bag ,ink1 #dag ,p\dre de ,riz ,p[d]1 #bdb ,sa*et1 #eaj ,smell+ ,salts1 #eaj ,talc1 #eaj ,p[d]1 #bdc ,too? ,p[d]1 #beb ,wat]1 #ebj ,wit* ,hazel1 #bde ,v9aigre ,r\ge1 #bdd ,v9eg>1 #ceh1 #gcd ,toilet1 #bdd ,viscose1 #aei ,vogel's ,composition ,files1 #fd ,voice ,loz5ges1 #bai ,vulcanization ( ,rubb]1 #fbb ,w ,wagon & ,axle ,greases1 #dfb ,wall ,clean]s1 #aij ,wall-pap] ,dyes1 #bgh ,removal (1 #djj ,wall-pap] ,pa/e1 #ci ,wall ,prim+1 #eja ,wat]pro(+1 #gda ,walls1 ,damp1 #djj ,h>d-f9i%$1 #dii 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