,,motion ,,picture ,,direct+ ,,! ,,facts ,,& ,,!ories ,,( ,,! ,,newe/ ,,art ,by ,,pet] ,,milne ,motion ,picture critic = ov] six ye>s on ,motion ,picture ,news1 ,picture ,play ,magaz9e & ,wid's 7,film7 ,daily2 & memb] sc5>io & production dep>tm5t ( ,fam\s ,play]s-,lasky ,corporation4 ,publi%$ & ,copyright$ by ,,falk ,,publi%+ ,,co41 ,inc4 #ade ,we/ #cf? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,us$ z a ,supplem5t>y ,text 9 ,new ,york ,in/itute ( ,photography ,,new ,,york ,,*icago ,,brooklyn ,copyright #aibb by ,,falk ,,publi%+ ,,co41 ,,inc4 ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$4 ,,cont5ts ,! ,great & ! ,less ,great #h ,! ,picture ,s5se #bj ,prep>ation = ,production #bi ,! ,me?od ( ,william ,de ,mille #cg ,cecil ,de ,mille ,also ,speaks #dg ,:5 ,act+ ,ability ,helps #eg ,rex ,+ram on 8,atmosph]e0 #fa ,ma9ly ,ab\t ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? #gj ,m\nta9s & ,molehills #hb ,"s ( ! ,arts ( ,slap/ick ,com$y #ij ,o!r ,tricks ,up ,directors' ,sleeves #ajj ,"s ,words f ,frank ,borzage #aaj ,:at ,tempo ,means 9 ,direct+ #abj 8,ov]%oot+0--& ! s]ial #abf ,! ,me?od ( ,?omas ,h4 ,ince #ace ,directors ,s*ool$ by ,ince #adf ,:o ,creates a ,picture #aeb ,music 9 ,picture ,production #afa ,j ,suppose #afe 8,/eal+0 an ,ext]ior #agf ,! ,importance ( ! ,art ,director #ahc ,directorial ,conv5tions #ahi ,ern/ ,lubits*3 ,g]man ,director #aie ,joe ,may3 ,g]man ,director #bje ,illu/rat+ ! ,use ( ,detail #bac ,m>%all ,neilan ,summ>izes #bai 8,be/ ,direct$0 ,pictures #bbi ,,preface ,! obs]vations on ! art ( direct+ motion pictures includ$ 9 ?is book are n by any means int5d$ z lessons = ! layman ) ambitions po9t+ him t[>d ?is goal4 ,to tea* ! craft ?r\gh ! pr9t$ page is z impossible ( accompli%m5t z in/ruct+ a /eeple-jack 9 8 trade ?r\gh correspond5ce s*ool4 8,a director mu/ be born1 n made40 ,?is old adage1 adapt$ to our pres5t situation1 is ( a necessity p>tially false1 inasmu* z at ! "t ( ! pres5t day directors' initial bir?days !re 0 no su* ?+ z motion picture production4 ,/ill x is true 9 a s5se4 ,because to direct = ! scre5 requires a p]sonality & an ability1 bl5d+ s _m elem5ts ( g5]al%ip & te*nique t to /udi\sly acquire !m is next to an impossibility4 ,be t z x may1 ! motion picture ( today is develop+ its own directors4 ,x has rea*$ out to all bus9esses & arts & draft$ m5 :o are n[ head$ = top positions 9 ! ranks ( directorial arti/s4 ,besides x (f]s ! mo/ humble ( ! /udio /aff ! opportunity to rise to ! top4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s cam]am51 prop]ty m51 au?ors1 cont9uity writ]s1 arti/s ( bru% & ( p5 & ink1 actors & bus9ess m5 f v>y+ l9es h become id5tifi$ ) ! art ( motion picture direct+4 ,! law ( av]ages has decl>$ t _m ( ^! %\ld fall %ort ( success4 ,_m h4 ,b o!rs h succe$$1 h succe$$ ev5 beyond ! expectations ( _! sponsors4 ,!re=e x may safely be said t ! gates to ! field ( motion picture direct+ are ready to op5 to all-com]s1 provid$ t ! aspirants h ! inborn abilities & p]sonal makeup t are rigidly requir$4 ,^! abilities1 ess5tial qualities & *>act]i/ics are dealt ) 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s by ! und]sign$ :o has sp5t ne>ly t5 ye>s 9 ! motion picture indu/ry1 s]v+ 9 ! capacities ( critic & cont9uity writ]4 ,^! abilities1 ess5tial qualities & *>act]i/ics are1 !re=e1 set d[n "h z fir/ h& obs]vations4 ,b !y are nev] int5d$ z lessons t w produce imm$iate results 9 ! way ( lucrative positions4 ,no read] ( ?is volume c g da%+ home to 8 eag] wife ) t mu* adv]tis$ greet+3 8,de>6 ,i've got t job6 ,! ,new ,york ,in/itute's book on direct+ produc$ #ajj p] c5t results60 ,x is hop$1 h[ev]1 t x w give ^? :o h ! pati5ce to p]use x some?+ ( an insight into ! trem5d\s responsibilities t re/ on ! %\ld]s ( ! consci5ti\s director4 ,at pres5t mo/ p seem to believe t t l9e on ! scre53 8,direct$ by ----0 j /&s = a lucky fell[ hav+ a gr& & glori\s fl+ )9 ! walls ( a motion picture /udio4 ,,pet] ,,milne4 ,) grateful ?anks & appreciation = ! views express$ !re9 by ,m>%all ,neilan1 ,william ,c4 ,de ,mille1 ,rex ,+ram1 ,cecil ,b4 ,de ,mille1 ,frank ,borzage1 ,edw>d ,dillon1 ,ern/ ,lubits*2 & ! repres5tatives ( ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi?1 ,?omas ,h4 ,ince1 & o!r arti/s h]e9 ref]r$ to1 ^: co-op]ation has made ?is book possible4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,great ,,& ,,! ,,less ,,great ,emotional exp]i5ce & ! capacity = endur+ & reta9+ m5tal pictures ( su* exp]i5ces--^! con/itute ! *ief asset t di/+ui%es ! ma/] director f ! rank & file4 ,practical explanations & a ^w ( w>n+ ,,*apt] ,i ,:at is ! fundam5tal asset t makes ! great motion picture director8 ,! requisite t di/+ui%es ! real arti/ f ! rank & file8 ,x is really ! same asset t di/+ui%es ! great arti/ 9 any walk ( art f ! less great4 ,:5 y put ?is "q to a select$ gr\p ( directors y are liable to receive a diff]5t answ] f ea* "o4 ,9 fact sev]al 7 approa*$ on ! subject be=e ?is *apt] 0 writt54 ,& v few ( !m agre$ ) "o ano!r4 ,a /ill small] numb] hit ^u :at seems ! correct answ] to ! "q4 ,x is q true t ! ability to 8feel0 a /ory & ea* "o ( its individual sc5es1 c\nts a lot 9 a director's favor4 ,! prop] 8atmosph]e10 ! director's ability to a*ieve x1 is va/ly important4 ,s also x is important to h ! ability to prop]ly 8visualize0 ! cont9u\s action ( a picture ev5 be=e ! cam]aman has once turn$ 8 crank4 ,b aft] all has be5 said & done on ^! scores x rema9s t ! "o det]m9+ factor t di/+ui%es ! great f ! ne>-great 9 ! picture produc+ art is exp]i5ce4 ,o!r requirem5ts are important1 va/ly s1 b fir/ ( all & 9 capital lett]s ,,exp]i5ce4 ,x is fondly hop$ t no "o w presume to take ?is lit]ally to ! v capital lett]4 ,to produce a reali/ic crook /ory a director mu/ n1 ( necessity1 turn ,raffles = a night4 ,nor to portray ! effects ( ,african 8yaka wat]0 on a :ite man1 mu/ he subject himself to a long siege ( ! drug itself4 ,& d\btless a capable director c successfully picturize ! life ( a pe>l fi%] )\t div+ into ! br9y deep4 ,su* specific exp]i5ces are n )9 ! span ( any "o man's life4 ,a director might "k ,africa ?or\ghly1 might "k :at 8yaka wat]0 0 z well z a 8madeira *air0 & !n be h&$ a manuscript conta9+ su* nautical t]ms z 8*a9 box10 8cap/an10 8seacock0 & 8*a9 cable40 ,z a consequ5ce a director mu/ always hold himself 9 read9ess = rese>* "w :5 a 'script conta9+ su* =eign t]ms comes 8 way4 ,b ^! exp]i5ces are l>gely physical exp]i5ces4 ,& !y are v m9or :5 x comes to a summ+ up4 ,no matt] :at peculi> t]ms & words are us$ 9 a /ory1 x is ! emotional cont5t ( x t c\nts z ( greate/ importance4 ,!re=e ! director ) ! mo/ complete gr\ndwork ( emotional exp]i5ce is ! man mo/ prop]ly equipp$ to rise above 8 fell[s4 ,?is gr\ndwork ( exp]i5ce takes ! %ape ( an emotional arc1 an arc t includes on its l9e po9ts repres5t+ ea* human emotion ( life1 r$uc$ to specific & commonplace fundam5tals4 ,! m po9ts ( emotion ^u ! director's arc1 ! bett] craftsman he is4 ,diagrams prop]ly don't belong 9 books writt5 ^u an art su* z direct+4 ,!y %\ld be conf9$ to volumes on ma!matics & a/ronomy1 b a simple "o introduc$ "h w assi/ 9 illu/rat+ ! above po9t cle>ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,a--,,suff]+4 ,b--,,sacrifice4 ,c--,,love4 ,n[ let ! arc pictur$ illu/rate ! entire span ( emotional exp]i5ce possible = a c]ta9 man1 our great director1 to h und]gone4 ,say t ! l9e & po9t ,a repres5t ! emotion ( suff]+4 ,our director has suff]$ 9 8 e>ly c>e]4 ,p]haps he has slept on a p>k b5* on a cold night ) newspap]s /uff$ among 8 ?9 clo!s to gu>d aga9/ ! w9d4 ,8 sleep has be5 fitful & 9 8 mom5ts ( awak5+ he has ?\ght ! :ole _w aga9/ him--& r\ndly curs$ x4 ,9 ! morn+ he has ris5 ) 8 bones a*+ & n ev5 ! two c5ts 9 8 tr\s]s necess>y = ! pur*ase ( a cup ( boil$ muddy wat] call$ c(fee d[n ! l9e at ,b5's ,busy ,bee4 ,?is is a n uncommon case ( suff]+1 specially 9 ! _w ( make-believe1 :]e g5ius is rais$ f pov]ty to afflu5ce sometimes )9 ! %ort space ( a s+le day4 ,b :ile x is be+ exp]i5c$ x is d\btless "o ( ! mo/ t]rible adv5tures ev] visit$ ^u a human be+4 ,z a consequ5ce 9 lat] ye>s ?is exp]i5ce ( acute suff]+ rema9s /amp$1 consci\sly or subconsci\sly1 on ! individual's m9d4 ,n[ to ! po9t :]e ?is exp]i5ce w tell :5 ! individual has become a director4 ,! director is call$ ^u to /age1 we w say1 ! sc5e ( ,napoleon1 a prison] ( ! ,european p[]s on ! isl& ( ,/4 ,hel5a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rex ,,+ram1 ,,drill+ ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,v>i\s 8,,types0 ,,( 8,,! ,,f\r ,,horsem50 ,,9 ,,_! ,,p>ts ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,fitzmaurice ,,transf]r$ 8,,pet] ,,ibbetson0 ,,to ,,! ,,scre5 ,,reta9+ ,,all ,,its ,,r>e ,,*>m ,h[ c ! director "k h[ ,napoleon felt8 ,:at does he "k ab\t 8 attitude ( m9d8 ,! answ]s are he kn[s ev]y?+4 ,back 9 ! photographic gall]y ( 8 m9d he rea*es = t sc5e ( himself on ! p>k b5*4 ,he recalls t t 0 ! night dur+ :i* he suff]$1 9 8 own m9d1 ev5 to ! ext5t t ,napoleon _h suff]$4 ,!re=e1 /ill 9 8 m9d's eye1 our director ref]s to 8 arc ( emotional exp]i5ce4 ,! po9t ,a repres5ts ! height ( 8 suff]+4 ,he !n m]ely ext5ds ! l9e ,a out & beyond 8 own emotional arc until x crosses ! emotional arc ( ,napoleon at ! po9t :]e he suff]$ ! tortures ( defeat1 disillusionm5t & imprisonm5t4 ,on ! o!r h& p]haps ! sc5e ( suff]+ t our director w be call$ ^u to reproduce on ! scre5 is "o less important or vivid ?an 8 own4 ,x might be a sc5e ( a little boy /amm]+ out 8 fir/ lesson 9 s*ool4 ,suff]+1 to be sure1 b n ( su* great magnitude4 ,9 ?is case ! l9e ,a is m]ely ext5d$ d[nw>d until ! little boy's emotional arc is rea*$4 ,to r$uce su* a process ( ! intellect is inde$ dang]\s4 ,an individual's emotional exp]i5ce is no matt] ( diagrammatical sci5ce4 ,h[ev] ?is sci5ce is purely imag9>y4 ,! :ole process is c>ri$ out 9 ! director's bra94 ,x is only ! fact t x is "h r$uc$ to cold type t makes x seem r brutal4 ,p]haps c]ta9 directors w sc(f at ! idea b to ^? x may be repli$ t !y use su* a process ( reason+ :e!r !y "k x or n4 ,! :ole work+ out ( ! s*eme is me*anical & subconsci\s to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,p]haps1 too1 !re are ^? among ! directors :o believe t _! mom5ts ( supreme suff]+1 p>k b5* or o!rwise1 7 f> great] ?an ,napoleon's suff]+s4 ,nev]!less _! own arcs ( emotional exp]i5ce /ill s]ve _! good /eads4 ,su* a director m]ely rev]ses ! process & goes d[n ! l9e ,a until he rea*es :at he believes ! arc ( ,napoleon1 in/ead ( go+ up ! l9e4 ,su* conceit on ! "p ( ! director does n1 h[ev]1 lead to ! be/ results4 ,by ! same process ! director is able to live 9 8 m9d ! greate/ case ( self-sacrifice t ! _w has ev] kn[n1 provid$ t at "o "t 9 8 c>e] he has made a self-sacrifice t loom$ ( trem5d\s proportions at ! "t4 ,8 l9e ( sacrifice1 ,b1 is foll[$ to ! po9t :]e x cuts ! arc conta9+ ! greate/ sacrificial act ( ! _w4 ,& ( c\rse on ! l9e1 ,b1 z on all ! o!r l9es f all ! o!r po9ts innum]able o!r arcs cut across repres5t+ cases ( emotion betwe5 ! greate/ & ! humble/4 ,& s by 8 own exp]i5ce1 no matt] h[ small or h[ l>ge x is 9 comp>ison to ! exp]i5ce he is to picturize1 ! director is able to give a reali/ic & s5sitive repres5tation ( x on ! motion picture scre54 ,! case holds ! same ) all ! o!r emotions ( life4 ,p]haps ) ! case ( love x is a bit diff]5t4 ,= 9 ! matt] ( o!r emotions ! director may grant t someone else has exp]i5c$ !m 9 great] degree ?an he4 ,b ) ! matt] ( 8 own romance or romances--no6 ,all directors h no hesitancy 9 claim+1 only to !mselves ( c\rse1 t !irs is ! greate/ 9 ! _w4 ,consequ5tly !re is no l9e ,c1 b j ! po9t4 ,x is /ation>y4 ,! director foll[s x nei!r up nor d[n to rea* out = "s simil> po9t on ano!r arc4 ,?us x is t romantic sc5es are q ! mo/ frequ5tly done reali/ically & prop]ly ( all ! emotional sc5es contriv$ = ! scre54 ,?is "t ! director's conceit does n /& 9 8 way4 ,= ! re/ ! great director's arc ( emotional exp]i5ce conta9s e emotion1 e cross & mixture ( emotions1 t he has liv$ ?r\gh dur+ 8 life4 ,8 arc conta9s hundr$s ( l9es1 ea* "o di/+ui%$ f ! o!r by less ?an a hair's bread?4 ,& yet1 :5 he comes to employ ! arc 9 8 "w1 ! exact l9e he desires imm$iately /&s out 9 bold relief f ! o!rs & ! director sets to "w ^u x4 ,?us ! greate/ directors ( today are ! m5 :o h run ! greate/ gamut ( emotional exp]i5ce4 ,to conv]se ) ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? is to in/antly realize t "h is a man :o has suff]$1 sacrific$1 lo/1 lov$1 triumph$4 ,8 bra9 is a /oreh\se ( emotional exp]i5ce1 8 own p>ticul> arc conta9s s _m po9ts ^u x t a doz5 times a doz5 alphabets w\ld n suffice to repres5t !m all4 ,?omas ,h4 ,ince has confess$ to tramp+ ,broadway se>*+ = "w4 ,*ance l$ him to ! old ,biograph /udio4 ,today he is among ! greate/ produc]s 9 ! art4 ,& x is a safe wag] t 8 beg9n+s & /ruggles h n be5 oblit]at$ f 8 m9d by 8 success--r !y h be5 responsible = x4 ,*>les ,*apl91 greate/ com$ian 9 ! _w & 8 own director gives evid5ce 9 ea* ( 8 pictures1 mute1 gr& evid5ce ( ! suff]+s1 ! sacrifices1 ! little joys & triumphs ( ! days ( 8 y\? :5 he _h no?+4 ,& s does e great director today %[ 9 8 pictures1 :e!r he kn[s x or n1 ! exp]i5ces 9 8 emotional c>e]4 ,& let x be said also t ! less great display a rem>kable lack ( exp]i5ce4 ,x mu/ be reit]at$ "h t ^! *apt]s are n to be tak5 9 ! light ( a text book4 ,! writ] w\ld h a holy horror ( hav+ on 8 m9d a happily m>ri$ family man1 :o toss$ up 8 bus9ess & 8 bank acc\nt to sleep on a p>k b5*1 & :o toss$ up 8 wife & *ildr5 to ent] ^u "o illicit love affair aft] ano!r1 j to complete 8 arc ( emotional exp]i5ce1 because x has be5 /at$ "h t ! fulle/ arc produces ! be/ results4 ,su* exp]i5ces mu/ come naturally4 ,! great director is a born arti/4 ,! born arti/ is a natural vagabond & n9e-hundr$ & n9ety-n9e p ( a ?\s& are n natural vagabonds4 ,aft] ?is fundam5tal requisite ( exp]i5ce come a doz5 o!r assets t g to make ! good director--! great director4 ,! ability to h&le p1 to be a ma/] ( m51 ! knack ( 8visualization10 to inject ^? little t\*es into a sc5e t p]=m ! miracul\s act ( 8gett+ "u ! sk910 to a*ieve a prop] & tell+ 8atmosph]e10 etc41 etc4 ,^! requisites w be dealt ) 9 o!r *apt]s1 sometimes by ! directors !mselves4 ,b no matt] h[ important ^! o!r ess5tials loom x may be /at$ aga9 t fir/ ( all ,,emotional ,,exp]i5ce c\nts4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,picture ,,s5se ,e director :o consi/5tly d]ives a liv+ f picture mak+ has 9 m or less degree ! p[] ( visualization4--,)\t x he w\ld be unfit = 8 position4--,! conclusion t ?is 8p[]0 is m]e common s5se appli$ to picture direct+ ,,*apt] ,,ii ,all our directors are n great4 ,!re w\ld be no fun = ! picture audi5ces if !y 74 ,fans w\ld be depriv$ ( t greate/ ( all pleasures2 writ+ to ! magaz9es to po9t out t ,m>ie wore silk /ock+s go+ 9 ! door & lace filigre$ hose com+ out ( x4 ,b 9 ! rank & file ( directors ^: "w appe>s ) regul>ity on ! scre5 !re are _m capable & skill$ m5--ea* "o1 p]haps1 m]ely wait+ ! *ance or opportunity to /ep into ! limelight ) a pictorial ma/]piece4 ,mo/ ( ^! directors are not$ z 8specialty m540 ,"o c d com$y-drama well1 ano!r excels at /raight romance1 a ?ird has a p>ticul> turn = h&l+ ! intricacies ( f>ce4 ,^! m5 are skill$ arti/s b n great arti/s4 ,pot5tially great1 p]haps1 b ! full ext5t ( _! emotional arcs has n z yet be5 te/$4 ,:at !n1 a /ud5t ( ! scre5 has a p]fect "r to ask1 det]m9es ! ability ( ^! m58 ,! answ] is1 t uncanny six? s5se necess>y to become a director1 8picture s5se0 or m te*nically1 ! p[] ( visualization4 ,! picture s5se is lat5t 9 e embryo director4 ,x c be develop$1 b no am\nt ( /udy w acquire x4 ,x seems to be born 9 "s m5 j z a p]fect t5or voice is born 9 "s m54 ,/udy br+s ea* out b _c create ei!r "o4 ,! 8picture s5se0 is ! art ( see+ 9 ! m9d's eye1 or r ! m9d's picture scre51 e sc5e ( ! sc5>io writ]'s typewritt5 manuscript4 ,read]s w probably recall t ?is accompli%m5t has also be5 set d[n z ! sc5>io writ]'s fundam5tal gr\ndwork ( le>n+4 ,?us ! writ] & ! director h mu* 9 common4 ,& ?is is "o reason :y s _m sc5>io writ]s h become successful directors4 ,x may readily be se5 t ?is picture s5se1 ?is ability ( visualization1 is con/antly be+ us$ by ! director4 ,:5 he fir/ reads 8 script he is visualiz+ x e mom5t ( ! way4 ,to himself he says1 8,sc5e "o w look l ?is1 sc5e two w foll[ l ?is40 ,he !n conjures up be=e 8 eye :at sort ( a set he w "w 91 :at prop]ties x possesses1 h[ 8 p w dress1 :]e !y w /& :5 !y g ?r\gh _! emotions1 h[ !y w ent] & exit f ! sc5e1 & a hundr$ & "o o!r details4 ,if1 dur+ ?is process ( visualization1 ! /ory or "o ( its v>i\s sc5es r+s false1 !n ! director is prep>$ to talk x ov] ) ! sc5>io writ] & see :at c be done to set x "r4 ,s "r "h x may be div9$ t a director ) ?is s5se ( visualization develop$ to ! utmo/ is a mo/ valuable asset to any produc+ company4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 he has to wait until he sees a sc5e actually scre5$ be=e he c detect its flaws &1 see+ !m1 prep>e to take x all ov] aga91 ! wa/e "t runs into money lo/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 8,,s5tim5tal ,,tommy10 ,,director ,,john ,s4 ,,rob]tson ,,succe$$ ,,9 ,,reta9+ ,,! ,,*>m ,,( ,,sir ,,james ,m4 ,,b>rie',s ,,orig9al ,,"w ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,?ree ,,muskete]s0 ,,repres5ts ,,d\glas ,,fairbanks ,,at ,,8 ,,be/ ,,& ,,mu* ,,( ,,! ,,cr$it ,,belongs ,,to ,,fr$ ,,niblo1 ,,director ,?us a director ) a prop] s5se ( visualization is n prep>$ to 8%oot0 until he has det]m9$ t ea* sc5e w scre5 reali/ically to ! be/ ( 8 k4 ,all ?is may s\nd p]fectly easy to ^? unacqua9t$ ) ! inside ( a motion picture /udio4 ,x might be surmis$ t to detect unrealities 9 a manuscript is m]ely a matt] ( common s5se4 ,b x is rem>kable inde$ to take notice ( ! _m m51 true arti/s 9 _! p>ticul> l9es & c]ta9ly possess$ ( a modicum ( common s5se1 :o h exp]im5t$ 9 ! directorial field & :o h fail$ because ( ?is lack ( picture s5se1 lack ( ! ability to visualize4 ,"o ( ! l>g] produc+ companies 9 ! field today1 :i* is con/antly seek+ new directorial tal5t1 a company t is actually will+ to pay intellig5t m5 to le>n ! craft ( direct+1 rec5tly induc$ an au?or ( national reputation to jo9 its sc5>io dep>tm5t ) a view ( lat] becom+ a director aft] he _h become fully acqua9t$ ) ! con/ruction ( manuscripts4 ,?is man nev] _h a *ance at direct+ because he nev] made good 9 ! sc5>io dep>tm5t4 ,he didn't1 c\ldn't visualize4 ,& z said 8picture s5se0 is requir$ e bit z mu* by ! sc5>io writ] z x is by ! director4 ,:]eas1 ?is highly tal5t$ individual fail$ 9 ma/]+ ! picture craft1 ano!r man1 a man :o _h nev] writt5 a l9e 9 8 life1 0 giv5 a megaphone & told to g out & 8%oot0 a picture4 ,?is man 0 a cam]aman1 _h work$ on a hundr$ pictures &1 hav+ ! p[] to visualize1 _h develop$ x to a rem>kable degree4 ,! results he a*iev$ ) 8 fir/ picture h e>n$ him a position ) ! produc+ company z long z he wants x4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two 8rookies0 0 j t diff]5ce ( 8picture s5se40 ,on ! "o h& 0 a man ) ! inborn p[] ( visualization1 on ! o!r h& a man ) a total lack ( x4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 success & failure4 ,because ( ^! conclusions x might be po9t$ out t picture s5se is a great] asset 9 ! production ( pictures ?an a g5]al exp]i5ce 9 human emotions4 ,! argum5t might /& if x 7 n = ! fact t ! cam]aman-director is n z yet great4 ,inde$1 he is sev]al degrees bel[ ! heights rea*$ by ! creme de la creme ( ! craft4 ,z yet he has only attempt$ light romance on ! scre51 ! easie/ sort ( picture to produce & to produce well z has be5 po9t$ out4 ,z yet 8 real emotional gamut has n be5 br\ght into play4 ,x is an unkn[n quantity4 ,:5 x becomes kn[n we may det]m9e ! degree ( ! director's greatness4 ,e /udio has its /ories reg>d+ ! amus+ pr$icam5ts 9 :i* a director w\ld h f\nd himself _h he n previ\sly tak5 /ock ( ! situation & summon$ 8 p[] ( visualization to 8 assi/ance4 ,x might be well to cite a simple case 9 po9t to ?or\ghly br+ out ! value ( ?is ability4 ,= in/ance1 a director came ^u ! foll[+ sequ5ce ( sc5es 9 a sc5>io he 0 s*$ul$ to produce3 ,,sc5e #de--;,,int]ior ,,ballroom4 ,,full ,,%ot ,ho/ & ho/ess /& at door 9 f4g4 receiv+ late gue/s4 ,g5]al danc+ & ad lib activity 9 b4g4 ,run = a few feet & !n br+ 9 ,m>y escort$ by ,john4 ,!y ex*ange greet+s ) ho/ & ho/ess4 ,,sc5e #df--;,,int]ior ,,ballroom4 ,,semi-,,closeup ,ri*>d sees ,m>y ent] & />ts (f t[>d h]4 ,,sc5e #dg--;,,int]ior4 ,,m$ium ,,%ot ,m>y turns f greet+ ho/ & ho/ess :ile ,john is /ill talk+ ) !m4 ,ri*>d ent]s & confronts ,m>y4 ,he speaks hotly4 ,spok5 ,title3 8,y d>e to come "h1 n[ t ,i've f\nd y out80 ,,sc5e #dh--;,,int]ior ,,ballroom4 ,,close%ot ,ri*>d & ,m>y4 ,ri*>d completes title4 ,%e looks at him ) scorn4 ,he rages on a few mom5ts & !n exits4 ,,sc5e #di--;,,int]ior ,,ballroom4 ,,full ,,%ot ,m>y turns to ,john :o leaves ho/ & ho/ess1 & ! c\ple make _! way across ! dance floor4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is b a section ( a script4 ,moreov]1 x is z te*nically p]fect z anyone c\ld desire4 ,& yet "h ! sc5>io writ] has ,ri*>d d5\nc+ ,m>y 9 a close%ot1 d5\nc+ h] q savagely1 & "r on top ( ?is1 9 ! next sc5e1 %e is walk+ s]5ely on ) h] p>tn]1 nei!r he nor any ( ! o!rs 9 ! cr[d$ room hav+ notic$ ! previ\s sc5e4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is an exce$+ly obvi\s in/ance ( h[ ! ability to visualize comes to ! director's aid4 ,yet !re are _m m subtle errors & sup]ficially m reali/ic1 t are ev] lurk+ 9 a manuscript1 lurk+ s securely z to sometimes escape notice4 ,y may *oose to say aga91 8,tu%1 ! sc5>io writ] lack$ common s5se :5 he wrote ! above sequ5ce ( sc5es40 ,& s he did4 ,aft] all1 common s5se :5 appli$ to ! art ( direct+ is none o!r ?an 8picture s5se10 ! p[] ( visualization4 ,& s we arrive back at ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,production ,! r\t9e atta*$ to a director's task be=e he beg9s actual production4--,also "s in/ances ( /ell> temp]am5t1 :i*1 ?\gh mildly amus+ 9 _! relation1 are some?+ ak9 to trag$y 9 _! enactm5t ,,*apt] ,,iii ,be=e go+ fur!r into ! requirem5ts ( actual direct+ & ! me?ods employ$ by c]ta9 directors1 ! v>i\s processes ?r\gh :i* a sc5>io goes be=e ! actual "w ( production />ts1 c be not$ ) b5efit4 ,! sc5>io writ] f9i%es 8 manuscript & ! director goes into retirem5t = a day or two to /udy x & to put x ?r\gh ! te/ ( visualization4 ,9 ! meantime o!r copies ( ! manuscript h be5 plac$ ) ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( production ( ! /udio4 ,! production dep>tm5t receives a copy4 ,x is ! duty ( ?is dep>tm5t1 fir/ ( all1 to e/imate ! co/ ( ! picture4 ,s a 8sc5e plot0 is made4 ,?is consi/s ( ! description ( ea* int]ior 8sett+0 & ext]ior 8location0 call$ = 9 ! /ory4 ,a li/ is made z foll[s3 ,int]iors ,ball room ,kit*5 ,liv+ room ,cafe ,etc41 etc4 ,ext]iors ,wat]falls ,op5 road ,l>ge field ,etc41 etc4 ,aft] ! description ( ea* int]ior & ext]ior are plac$ ! numb]s repres5t+ ! manuscript sc5es t are play$ 9 ea* int]ior & ext]ior4 ,! co/ ( production is !n e/imat$4 ,! production manag]1 ! head ( ! /udio1 a man :o /rives to comb9e ! ability ( a bus9ess man ) ! feel+ ( an arti/1 p]haps sees a way :]eby ! kit*5 sc5es c be transf]r$ to ! liv+ room4 ,?is w elim9ate ! co/ ( erect+ ! kit*5 sett+4 ,details su* z ?is att5d$ to1 he w !n give ord]s to ! art & prop]ty dep>tm5ts to />t on erect+ ! fir/ sett+4 ,?is is usually ! "o 9 :i* ! greate/ numb] ( sc5es are enact$4 ,! art dep>tm5t makes plans = ! sett+4 ,:5 ^! are pass$ !y are giv5 to ! boss c>p5t] :o sets 8 m5 at "w on ! actual prep>ation ( ! set4 ,:5 !y h f9i%$ ! art dep>tm5t 9 conjunction ) ! prop]ty & drap]y dep>tm5ts 8dress0 ! set4 ,?is is ! work+ ( fix+ x up & mak+ x look l ! real ?+4 ,9 ! meantime ! picture is be+ ca/4 ,probably ! /> & lead+ man are already *os54 ,!n ! ca/+ director makes ! li/ ( all ! actors1 actresses & 8extras0 ne$$ 9 ! production ( ! picture4 ,he ref]s to 8 files & calls ^u ! p he ne$s1 ei!r ^u ^? 9 ! /ock company :i* mo/ /udios ( size ma9ta91 or f ! num]\s ag5cies :o manage ! play]s4 ,8 selections are !n submitt$ to ! director & ! production manag] = ,o4 ,k4 ,9 ! meantime ! location dep>tm5t has secur$ a li/ ( ! ext]ior sc5es requir$ by ! picture4 ,! location man ref]s to 8 files conta9+ pictures ( e likely location )9 a reasonable di/ance ( ! /udio4 ,he mu/ f9d wat]falls1 op5 road & a l>ge field4 ,he selects ^! locations1 be+ sure t ! physical action ( ! /ory c be play$ 9 ^? he selects & !n submits !m to ! director4 ,if ! director has a reason = n lik+ any ( !m1 ! location man mu/ jump into 8 automobile & t\r ! c\ntryside = suitable sub/itutes to 8 fir/ selections4 ,all r h>d & s]i\s "w4 ,!n ! director />ts to "w4 ,! production dep>tm5t mu/ wat* him & h ! next sett+ ready = him on "t s t n a day w be wa/$4 ,if m ?an "o or two companies are work+ 9 ! /udio !re may n be room to erect ! next sett+4 ,!n1 p]haps1 if wea!r p]mits1 ! director goes out on location4 ,?us he is oblig$ to jump f "o place 9 ! /ory to ano!r4 ,he may be %oot+ sc5es 9 ! la/ "p ( ! picture on "o day & sc5es 9 ! fir/ "p a few days lat]4 ,all ?is is ! r\t9e "w t mu/ be gone ?r\gh ) ! production ( ea* picture4 ,!n ! temp]am5t ( ! actors & actresses comes 9--comes 9 v /rongly = t matt]4 ,if ! director be work+ ) a female /> %e may compla9 z to h] lead+ man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,true ,,& ,,p5etrat+ ,,*>act]ization ,,features ,,w9 ,,de ,,mille',s 8,,miss ,,lulu ,,bett0 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,lo/ ,,romance10 ,a ,,picture ,,direct$ ,,by ,,william ,,de ,,mille1 ,,be>s ,,! ,,same ,,true ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,upp] ,,cru/ ,,( ,,! ,,social ,,pie ,,z 8,,miss ,,lulu ,,bett0 ,,does ,,to ,,! ,,middle ,,"p 8,:at's ! matt] ) him80 ! director w ask4 8,c't he act80 8,yes1 b he is n q tall en\gh10 answ]s ! />1 8:y c't ,i h ,s-&-,s f my la/ picture80 8,well1 ,s-&-,s is busy on ano!r picture j n[1 sorry10 answ]s ! director4 8,i won't "w )\t him10 ?is f ! />4 ,( c\rse %e w "w )\t him4 ,%e has to4 ,! director kn[s ?is4 ,s does %e4 ,b he has to h&le h] diplomatically1 to say ! lea/4 ,he w\ld l to come out & say3 8,y w "w ) any lead+ man !y give u40 ,b he doesn't4 ,he kn[s ! temp]am5t ( ! fem99e />4 ,he summons all 8 res]ve to 8 rescue & speaks to ! lady 9 coo+ words4 ,he bru%es h] ruffl$ fur ! "r way4 ,exasp]at$ husb&s might take a f9e example f him4 ,aft] a few m9utes talk he has succe$$ 9 conv9c+ ! lady t ,su*-&-,su* has ,s-&-,s beat5 eighty ways z to g5]al ability1 fur!rmore1 8 contra/+ complexion %[s h] (f to mu* bett] advantage4 ,!n ! />1 ?or\ghly conv9c$1 *e]s ! director up ) su* an answ] z3 8,oh1 all "r1 if y insi/1 b ,i did want ,s-&-,s40 ,%e w\ldn't dream ( giv+ 9 & %[+ ! director he 0 "r4 ,! director doesn't get su* satisfaction4 ,b if he's wise he doesn't bo!r ab\t x4 ,& s ! "w ( production c g on4 ,"o day :ile ! director is work+ 9 ! cafe sett+1 :i* may be erect$ to repres5t a ,p>isian cafe an extra w come up to him & tell him t x is all wrong4 8,because10 he w say1 8,i've be5 9 a cafe 9 ,p>is40 8,well1 7 y 9 all ! cafes ( ,p>is810 ! director w politely ask4 8,no1 b ?is "o didn't h--0 8,back to y\r place !n1 please10 answ]s ! director if he ma9ta9s 8 diplomacy & poise & reta9s 8 ang]4 ,ano!r extra w h too mu* makeup on4 ,! director mu/ "k h[ makeup photographs1 :at its effects are ) p ( v>i\s complexions & "u c]ta9 lights4 ,! extra w res5t be+ s5t back to ! dress+ room & told to alt] 8 face4 ,x is a reflection on 8 ability4 ,ano!r case :]e diplomacy is dem&$4 ,& s f9ally ! director gets ev]y?+ work+ smoo?ly4 ,he ga9s ! confid5ce ( ! /> & ! lead+ man4 ,he %[s ! extras t he kn[s 8 bus9ess & is p]fectly able to look out = x1 )\t _! assi/ance4 ,! only tr\ble is t j ab\t at ?is po9t ! director has f9i%$ ! picture4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,william ,,de ,,mille ,facts reg>d+ ! mann] 9 :i* ! majority ( pictures are made4--,! new ord] ( produc+ pictures 89 cont9uity0 ) "s int]e/+ rem>ks on ! subject f ,william ,c4 ,de ,mille1 director ( 8,lulu ,bett0 & 8,! ,lo/ ,romance0 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,"o ( ! mo/ highly publiciz$ tasks :i* fall to ! lot ( ! director1 highly publiciz$ because ( its m]e freaki%ness1 is ! r\t9e :i* decrees t he mu/ (t5 beg9 8%oot+0 8 picture 9 ! middle or at ! end ( 8 /ory1 or at any int]m$iate po9t except ! v fir/ sc5e4 ,press ag5ts delight 9 h>p+ on ?is fact1 call+ att5tion to ! m5tal agility ( ! director 9 be+ able to jump f love sc5e to angry outbur/1 omitt+ int]v5+ action 9 ! jump & com+ back to x at a lat] date4 ,?is is due to ! fact1 z has j be5 /at$1 t all sc5es tak+ place 9 ! same set or ext]ior location mu/1 = economy's & conv5i5ce's sake1 be photograph$ at once or r successively4 ,! 8sc5e plot10 compil$ by ! production dep>tm5t1 li/s ! numb] ( int]ior sett+s & ext]ior locations requir$ by ! picture & aft] ! description ( ea* sc5e 9 ! sc5e plot a r[ ( numb]s1 ea* indicat+ a sep>ate sc5e to be play$ 9 ! set or location1 foll[s4 ,?us a section ( a sc5e plot may read3 ,,liv+ ,,room3 ,sc5es #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #ha1 #hb1 #hc1 #hd1 #he1 #aei1 #afj1 etc4 ,,d9+ ,,room3 ,sc5es #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #dh1 #di1 #ej1 #ea1 #eb1 #ec1 #ed1 #age1 #agf1 #agg1 #agh1 #agi1 #bia1 #bib1 #bic1 etc4 ,( all ! sett+s requir$ let x be said t ! liv+ room conta9s ! majority ( ! action to be photograph$4 ,9 all likelihood1 !n1 ?is set is ! fir/ "o to be erect$ by ! /udio production dep>tm5t & z a result ! director beg9s 8 fir/ days "w ) sc5e ,no4 #ai & foll[s x ) sc5es ,no4 #bj & ,no4 #ba1 :i* disclose closely relat$ action4 ,let u say t ^! e>ly sc5es h to d ) ! fir/ happy days ( a "y m>ri$ c\ple4 ,!y discov] ! little joys & h>d%ips ( h\sekeep+1 etc4 ,well & good4 ,b imm$iately aft] produc+ ^! sc5es ! director is =c$ to jump ahead to ! sequ5ce beg9n+ ) sc5e ,no4 #ha4 ,"h is a po9t consid]ably fur!r advanc$ 9 ! /ory & s ! director is oblig$ to m5tally leap ! action int]v5+ betwe5 8 fir/ sequ5ce & 8 second4 ,:]eas ,m>y & ,john may h be5 p]fectly cont5t$ 9 sc5e ,no4 #ai1 !y may h gr[n two ye>s old] & sep>at$ altoge!r 9 sc5e ,no4 #ha4 ,inasmu* z he 8%oots0 ,no4 #ha imm$iately aft] ,no4 #ba x mu/ be se5 t ! director is oblig$ to adapt 8 own mood to ?is peculi> /ate ( affairs creat$ by ! ramifications ( /udio organization4 ,he mu/ live two ye>s 9 half an h\r or less4 ,su* proc$ure requires m5tal gymna/ics t are m difficult ?an ! act ( ! vaudeville contortioni/4 ,x is ne$less to add t ?is jump+ hi!r & ?i!r & back to hi!r aga91 requires a m9utely adju/$ s5se ( cont9uity on ! director's "p4 ,to keep 8 :ole /ory & ! comp>ative values ( c]ta9 sequ5ces /raight 9 8 m9d1 is no easy matt]4 ,fur!r complications ent] :5 x is realiz$ t a sequ5ce ( ext]ior sc5es may foll[ imm$iately aft] a sequ5ce ( int]ior sc5es1 ^! ext]iors be+ closely id5tifi$ ) ! int]iors & requir+ ! same mood4 ,b yet aga9 ! plan ( "w mapp$ out by ! production dep>tm5t may po/pone ^! sc5es to ! v la/ day ( "w4 ,?us ! director is =c$ to jump back into ! e>ly mood ( 8 /ory aft] he has rehe>s$ himself & become ?or\ghly satiat$ ) all ! o!r moods1 a task impos+ seem+ly insurm\ntable difficulties4 ,"t 0 :5 x us$ to be ! boa/ ( "s directors t !y c\ld produce a picture 9 ?is jump+ ab\t fa%ion j z well z if !y _h be5 p]mitt$ to 8%oot0 _! /ories 9 actual cont9uity4 ,! me?od is /ill foll[$ b ! boa/s ar5't z audible4 ,?is me?od ( production gave a f9e op5+ to ^? critics :o cri$ out t ! motion pictures w\ld always rema9 9 ! *eap /ate s well describ$ 9 ! ^w 8movie40 ,really arti/ic results c\ld nev] be secur$ ) ?is et]nal jump+ f #d to #aa to #dd1 !y said4 ,!y add$1 q rightly too1 t a consi/5t1 well develop$1 psy*ologically asc5d+ "* 0 impossible ( a*ievem5t "u ?is plan4 ,inasmu* z actors (t5 _h to play _! climaxes fir/ & !n g back & play a sc5e t l$ up to ! climax1 !re 0 consid]able po9t to ! argum5ts ( ! critics4 ,a v few directors h n[ manag$ to arrange _! "w s t !y c actually make _! pictures 9 cont9uity1 beg9n+ ) sc5e ,no4 #a & proce$+ /raight ?r\gh1 ) b slight deviations1 to ! end4 ,among ^! directors & lead+ !m all 9 results atta9$1 /&s ,william ,c4 ,de ,mille1 a director responsible = su* arti/ic successes z 8,! ,pr9ce ,*ap0 & 8,conrad 9 ,que/ ( ,8 ,y\?10 bo? ) ,?omas ,meighan1 & 8,! ,lo/ ,romance0 & 8,miss ,lulu ,bett10 ) ca/s v ne>ly approa*+ ! all-/> /ate4 ,mr4 ,de ,mille specializes 9 /ories conta9+ ! true & dramatic psy*ological developm5t ( "*4 ,! artificial melodramatics & blatant h]oics he subdues to unnoticeable effect or m (t5 elim9ates entirely4 ,8 arc ( emotional exp]i5ce is fill$1 x is m ?an obvi\s1 ) all ! s5sitive l9es imag9able4 ,9 fact ,mr4 ,de ,mille is "o ( ! few arti/ic directors 9 ! field today1 ?\gh p]haps 8 "n has n be5 z highly publiciz$ z h ^? ( less] lights4 ,mr4 ,de ,mille /ates t bo? he & 8 bro!r1 ,cecil1 produce _! pictures 9 actual cont9uity4 8,) su* pictures z ^? 9 :i* ,i specialize10 he says1 8& by ?is specialty ,i mean ( c\rse pictures su* z ',miss ,lulu ,bett' & ',! ,lo/ ,romance1' pictures t dep5d consid]ably = _! value on ! consi/5t & progressive developm5t ( "*1 r ?an m]e physical action1 produc+ 9 cont9uity is trem5d\sly effective z well z a great help40 8,to jump ab\t 9 "* /udies ( ?is type w\ld be exce$+ly difficult = bo? play]s & director & 9 _m cases1 suitable results w\ld n be obta9$40 ,let x be ins]t$ "h t o!r directors may sc(f at ! ,de ,mille idea1 b x may also be not$ by /ud5ts ( ! scre5 t no o!r director has a*iev$ ! highly arti/ic results 9 ?is l9e ( pictures t /& to ! cr$it ( ,william ,de ,mille4 ,let him cont9ue3 8,! me?od ( />t+ ) sc5e ,no4 #a & proce$+ num]ically to ! conclusion ( ! picture is ( b5efit to bo? play]s & director4 ,! play]s *>act]izations become well su/a9$1 !y take a great] int]e/ 9 _! "w z !y realize x gr[+ consi/5tly ) ea* day's ef=t4 ,& ! director is able to get a bett] slant on 8 /ory z he wat*es ! :ole ?+ gr[ & take def9ite %ape f day to day40 ,^? :o ask = pro( ne$ only look at "o ( ! f\r pictures m5tion$ above t ,mr4 ,de ,mille produc$4 8,! ,lo/ ,romance0 conta9$ f\r ( ! mo/ real *>act]s ev] develop$ on ! scre54 ,z = ! two pictures 9 :i* ,?omas ,meighan appe>$ x is safe to say t 8 "w 9 !m f> surpass$ any?+ else he has done be=e or s9ce ) ! exception ( 8,! ,miracle ,man40 ,& ! basic success ( ^! two ,meighan pictures 0 9 ea* case1 ! *>act]ization r5d]$ by ! />4 ,?is *>act]ization might h be5 a*iev$ by o!r me?ods b x is d\btful4 ,c]ta9ly ,de ,mille's me?od has prov5 itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,de ,,mille ,,us+ ,,! ,,magna-,,vox1 ,,an ,,electrical ,,improvem5t ,,on ,,! ,,megaphone1 ,,:i* ,,c>ries ,,8 ,,voice ,,directly ,,onto ,,! 8,,set0 ,,& ,,into ,,! ,,e>s ,,( ,,8 ,,play]s ,illu/ration3 8,,miss ,,lulu ,,bett10 ,,direct$ ,,by ,,william ,,de ,,mille1 ,,lifts ,,! ,,curta9 ,,on ,a ,,dramatic ,,slice ,,( ,,life ,! production ( a picture aft] ?is me?od necessitates a c>efully prep>$ manuscript1 = once aga91 ! effici5cy dem&$ by /udio organization ent]s into ! s*eme ( ?+s4 8,naturally ! cont9uity writ] mu/ take p>ticul> c>e 9 build+ scripts = me10 ,mr4 ,de ,mille cont9ues1 8= x may be se5 t ?is arrangem5t ( production calls = an equally c>eful arrangem5t ( ! diff]5t sett+s employ$ 9 ! picture4 ,! /udio seldom p]mits a director to keep m ?an ?ree or f\r sett+s /&+ at once = any consid]able l5g? ( "t4 ,s x mu/ be arrang$ t ! e>ly action ( ! picture takes place 9 ! fir/ ?ree or f\r sett+s erect$4 ,9 o!r words1 ! sett+s ( ! production mu/ be progressive z well z ! *>act]izations4 ,x is a little me*anical trick t is mu* easi] to utilize ?an x is to expla940 ,x may be add$ t ,mr4 ,de ,mille himself works ) 8 writ]s on _! sc5>ios & sup]vises all su* details z ?is matt] ( me*anics z well z ! m important matt]s t come "u ! head ( sc5>io writ+4 ,to make 8 me?od easi] ,mr4 ,de ,mille has evolv$ /ill ano!r production trick :i* is int]e/+ to say ! lea/4 ,_m directors aft] !y h photograph$ a full sc5e are oblig$ to lose valuable "t 9 mov+ ! cam]a & lights up to ! pr9cipal play]s 9 ord] to take closeups4 ,?is "t may also acc\nt = ! loss ( ! prop] mood on ! "p ( ! director & 8 play]s4 ,to elim9ate ?is unsatisfactory condition1 ,mr4 ,de ,mille has 8 sett+s built s t he c photograph !m f diff]5t angles & f diff]5t di/ances at ! same "t4 ,s 8 play]s :ile act+ "o long sc5e are actually photograph$ 9 full %ots1 semi-closeups & closeups4 ,! closeups cam]as are 8bl9d$0 beh9d conv5i5t pieces ( sc5]y4 ,?is /ep ( produc+ pictures 9 cont9uity is a big "o & "o 9 ! "r direction4 ,pictures are n p]fect 9 ?is day by any mann] ( means b :5 a po9t is rea*$ :5 all ^? t dem& to be s treat$ c be produc$ 9 cont9uity1 ! results w d\btless be obvi\sly bett]4 ,naturally1 h[ev]1 ?is me?od w\ld n apply to ! director work+ on ! 8action0 picture su* z t 9 :i* ,william ,s4 ,h>t & ,tom ,mix appe>4 ,9 su* cases :]e physical action & ?rills are set at a premium1 x w\ld be useless & an entire wa/e ( "t to insi/ on produc+ 9 cont9uity4 ,imag9e call+ 8,halt60 on a long %ot ( advanc+ tra9 robb]s :ile ! cam]aman mov$ up & took a closeup ( ! bad man's f+] pull+ ! trigg]6 ,& !n mov+ back aga9 & p]mitt+ ! tra9 robb]s to proce$4 ,su* a proc$ure w\ld be z fooli% z to attempt to produce "o ( ,de ,mille's works 9 ! old fa%ion$ way4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,cecil ,,de ,,mille ,,also ,,speaks ,9 :i* x is not$ t ! m fam\s ,de ,mille1 besides employ+ ! me?od ( production describ$ by 8 bro!r1 places unusual fai? 9 ! intellig5ce ( 8 actors & actresses4--8,nev] %[ !m ,,h[ b tell !m ,,:at0 is 8 =mula4--,a case :]e an actor insi/$ on be+ %[n ,,*apt] ,v ,m5tion ( "o ( ! ,de ,milles imm$iately br+s to m9d ! o!r4 ,cecil & ,william are z easy to say 9 "o brea? z ,an?ony & ,cleopatra1 ,nip & ,tuck & ,mutt & ,jeff4 ,cecil ,b4 ,de ,mille is "o ( ! few directors ( today ^: "n c>ries a picture to ! f9ancial success t greets a picture be>+ ! "n ( a great />4 ,x appe>s t he fir/ rode to national fame :5 he inaugurat$ a s]ies ( pictures be>+ su* m&atory & int]rogatory titles z 8,don't ,*ange ,y\r ,husb&0 & 8,:y ,*ange ,y\r ,wife80 ,b long be=e ?is he 0 cutt+ wide swa?s 9 ! old fa%ion$ me?od ( direct+ by do+ 8 "w 9 a di/9ctly individual & bett] way4 ,pictures su* z 8,! ,gold5 ,*ance0 & ! fir/ edition ( 8,! ,squaw ,man0 /amp$ him z consid]ably m ( an arti/ ?an ! e>li] pione]s 9 ! art ( direct+4 ,cecil ,de ,mille 01 p]haps1 ! fir/ director to use ! me?od ( produc+ 8 pictures 9 cont9uity1 z outl9$ by 8 bro!r 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,p]haps ?is is ! reason t he e>ly secur$ su* sup]ior results to ^? a*iev$ by ! g5]al run ( directors 9 ! e>ly days4 ,or p]haps on ! o!r h& x is 8 ability to h&le actors & actresses s z to get ! v utmo/ f _! ef=ts4 ,= ,mr4 ,de ,mille claims t "o ( ! primal rules ( direct+ is 8nev] tell an actor h[ to play a sc5e40 ,on ?is axiom1 he /ates1 lies ! secret ( a*iev+ real *>act]ization & absolute naturalness on ! scre54 ,?is may appe> to be a p]fectly natural conclusion to "s read]s4 ,an actor ( ability kn[s 8 bus9ess & !re=e kn[s h[ to develop a true *>act]ization4 ,all he ne$s is a few words f ! director z reg>ds ! tim+ ( 8 transition f "o emotion to ano!r4 ,?is is becom+ m & m true z ! art ( picture production develops b ! "t is easily recall$ :5 directors boa/$ t !y act$ out e "p ( ! picture s t _! ca/s might secure ! prop] grasp ( ! /ory4 ,i rememb] v well "o director1 a big man 9 8 day b :o has s9ce sunk to oblivion z f> z picture production goes1 :o us$ to take great delight 9 %[+ 8 play]s h[ to play c]ta9 sc5es4 ,aft] a few prelim9>y rehe>sals he w\ld become disgu/$1 or pret5d to become disgu/$1 ) ! ef=ts ( 8 ca/ & !reupon he w\ld act out ea* & e role = ! ca/'s b5efit4 ,x 0 r ridicul\s to see him affect+ ! coy mann]isms ( an +5ue1 !n jump+ quickly into ! role ( ! h]o & f !re to ! contra/+ "p ( ! villa94 ,he w\ld ev5 p]=m ! butl] ) pomp\s dignity = ! b5efit ( ! extra :o 0 play+ ! "p4 ,b :at effect did all ?is play on ! director's "p h on ! onlook+ ca/8 ,! director's p]sonality & individual mann]isms 7 display$ 9 e role4 ,!reaft] ! actors endeavor$ to imitate him n to enact _! p>ts4 ,! h]o m]ely gave an imitation ( ! director giv+ an imitation ( ! h]o4 ,! +5ue gave an imitation ( ! director imitat+ ! +5ue4 ,& s on ?r\gh all ! p>ts4 ,! results1 x ne$ h>dly be po9t$ out1 7 n natural4 ,9 ! end all ! play]s gave bad imitations ( ! director4 ,on top ( ?is !y endeavor$ to effect 8 mann]ism & tricks ( expression4 ,z a consequ5ce !re 0 absolutely no?+ di/9ctive ab\t ! complet$ picture4 ,x 0 ! director's & no "o else's4 ,! director1 be+ conceit$ to a great degree1 0 naturally delight$ ) ! result4 ,b he 0 ! only "o delight$ ) x z is te/ifi$ by ! fact t he is n 9 ! art today4 ,?is me?od has gradually be5 =c$ out ( ! /udio4 ,!re are few directors :o insi/ on act+ e "p out n[adays4 ,!re are "s left b n _m4 ,a few m ye>s & !y w all disappe> & !n we w h /ill bett] pictures4 ,mr4 ,de ,mille evid5tly believes t a good _m directors ( ! pres5t day /ill adh]e to ! old fa%ion$ me?od4 ,x is to be hop$ t he isn't altoge!r "r4 8,too _m directors10 he says1 8consid] x _! duty to %[ an actor j h[ to play e sc5e 9 ! picture4 ,?is type ( director insi/s on act+ out e role & dem&s t 8 ca/ %all mimic 8 action be=e ! cam]a4 ,! results are woefully wood51 unnatural & *>act]less4 8,9 ! p]fect photoplay ea* "* mu/ be di/9ctly itself4 ,x mu/ be %>ply diff]5tiat$ f all o!r *>act]s 9 t p>ticul> play4 ,?is result c only be a*iev$ by p]mitt+ ea* actor or actress to "w out 8 or h] own int]pretation ( a role4 8,if ,i %[ an actor h[ to pick up a pap] or a book 9 a sc5e he w consci\sly /rive to imitate my actions4 ,n[1 :at may be p]fectly natural = me may be unnatural & awkw>d = him4 ,at ! be/ 8 attempt to copy my model w be b a poor reproduction ( ,cecil ,b4 ,de ,mille on ! scre54 ,if ,i c>ri$ t program ?r\gh ) respect to ea* play] ,i w\ld h j z _m weak v]sions ( ,cecil ,b4 ,de ,mille z !re are *>act]s 9 ! play4 8,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i expla9 to ! actor :at ! action ( ! sc5e is & :at idea or emotion ,i want him to convey to ! spectator & !n p]mit him to "w out 8 own int]pretation ( ! sc5e ,i h a di/9ctive1 natural & f> m p[]ful piece ( "w f t actor4 ,i assume t e actor is bett] at creat+ ?an mimick+ me4 8,my task comes 9 9 my ef=t to p]fect 8 int]pretation by helpful criticism & sugge/ion b n by example4 8,be=e beg9n+ actual production on a picture ,i make x a rule to call toge!r ! entire ca/ & ! te*nical /aff4 ,at ?is meet+ ,i tell !m ! /ory ) all ! detail ( *>act]ization & atmosph]e t ,i am capable ( putt+ into x4 ,i d n read !m ! cont9uity sc5e by sc5e4 ,i try to make !m see & feel ! /ory & ! *>act]s &1 z ev]yone 9 ! production art kn[s1 ! /raight read+ ( a cont9uity is an un9t]e/+ & t$i\s proposition4 8,s :5 ! cam]as actually />t to turn1 ea* memb] ( ! ca/ has 8 or h] own *>act]ization & its relation%ip to ! o!rs well 9 m9d4 8,at ! beg9n+ ( ea* sc5e ,i sket* out v]bally :at ! action ( ! sc5e is to convey to picture audi5ces4 ,!n comes a rehe>sal & (t5 _m rehe>sals be=e x is actually film$4 ,b ?r\gh all ^! rehe>sals ,i make a po9t ( nev] %[+ anyone h[ to d a ?+4 ,if an actor does some?+ badly or awkw>dly ,i try to locate ! cause ( ! awkw>dness & rem$y t4 ,by way ( example ! sc5e may call = an actor to be seat$ at a desk ?\ghtfully smok+ a pipe4 ,p]haps ! actor may h&le ! pipe l an amateur4 ,inquiry may uncov] ! fact t he is f> m at home smok+ a cig>4 ,!reupon ! cig> is suppli$ & ! sc5e proce$s smoo?ly4 8,a little ?+1 to be sure1 b betwe5 ! pipe & ! cig> lies ! diff]5ce betwe5 a natural & an unnatural p]=mance4 8,no actor wor?y ( 8 call+ %\ld h to be %[n h[ to play a sc5e4 ,he may h to be coa*$2 t is "p ( ! director's task4 ,b x is no "p ( ! director's duties to furni% ! act+ model = any or e "* 9 ! play4 ,i firmly believe t attempts on ! "p ( ! directors to %[ actors h[ to d c]ta9 ?+s w inevitably result 9 bad p]=mances & consequ5t damage to ! quality ( ! f9i%$ production40 ,illu/ration3 ,melb\rne ,spurr ,,cecil ,b4 ,,de ,,mille ,illu/ration3 ,,cecil ,b4 ,,de ,,mille ,,at ,,"w ,mr4 ,de ,mille's comm5ts are v int]e/+4 ,x is to be suppos$ t he does n give copies ( ! picture cont9uity to 8 play]s t !y may ?or\ghly acqua9t !mselves ) ! p>ts !y are to play be=e actual production "w beg9s4 ,today ! majority ( directors l to d ?is4 ,h[ev]1 z ,mr4 ,de ,mille says1 8,i tell ! /ory ) all ! detail ( *>act]ization & atmosph]e t ,i am capable ( putt+ into x40 ,?is appe>s to be an admirable c\rse to pursue4 ,giv5 ! cont9uity an actor may get q ! wrong idea ( ! role he is to play4 ,li/5+ to 8 director sket* ! /ory1 includ+ 9 x 8 ideas z to its developm5t1 mu/ ( necessity give ! actor a cle> idea ( 8 "w & an idea m co9cid+ ) t ( ! director's4 ,?us x might appe> t misund]/&+ & argum5t are well dispos$ (4 ,on ! o!r h& ,mr4 ,de ,mille is =tunate 9 hav+ play]s ( g5]al intellig5ce & ability to deal )4 ,look ov] any ( ! ca/s he has employ$ 9 8 rec5t productions1 8,! ,affairs ( ,anatol0 = example1 & y w discov] t !re is h>dly an unkn[n 9 ! entire ca/4 ,x is amus+ to consid] :at ,mr4 ,de ,mille w\ld h done if he _h _h ! task ( produc+ 8,cappy ,ricks10 a picture made by "o ( ! directors t ,mr4 ,de ,mille develop$1 ,tom ,=man4 ,!re 0 ! role ( a ,sw$i% sea capta91 humor\sly call$ 8,all-,h&s-&-,feet0 9 ?is picture4 ,an old prize fight] 0 select$ to play ! role4 ,he look$ ! "p to p]fection4 ,b ! sc5>io call$ = ! />1 ,?omas ,meighan1 to engage 9 a fight ) him & knock him out4 ,! anci5t fight] 0 p]fectly agreeable = ! fight1 9 fact he batt]$ 8 oppon5t consid]ably b :5 x came "t = him to be knock$ out he j w\ldn't fall d[n4 ,! sc5e 0 tri$ ov] & ov] aga9 & ea* "t :5 x came to ! psy*ological mom5t 8,all-,h&s-&-,feet0 positively refus$ to fall d[n on ! deck aft] ,mr4 ,meighan _h deliv]$ a bl[ on ! *94 8,g d[n6 ,d[n60 ,mr4 ,=man kept repeat+ wra?fully4 8,d[n8 ,d[n80 qu]i$ ! "o "t prize fight]1 8,i no und]/& :at y say40 ,ev5tually ,mr4 ,=man _h to submit to ! ignom9y ( all[+ ,mr4 ,meighan to l& on 8 *9 & drop him on ! deck4 ,a broad gr9 crept ov] ! b5ign c\nt5ance ( 8,all-,h&s-&-,feet0 z he said1 8,ah1 ,i nev] bane knock$ d[n1 ,i see :at y mean4 ,i try to fall next "t04 ,mr4 ,=man & ,mr4 ,meighan />t$ a movem5t to back 8,all-,h&s-&-,feet0 = ! *ampion%ip ( ! _w4 ,b :5 _! subject he>d ( x he my/]i\sly disappe>$4 ,possibly he didn't want to be taught :at 8d[n0 meant 9 a s]i\s way4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,:5 ,,act+ ,,ability ,,helps ,an amus+ incid5t ( /udio life t might be se5 by a visitor any day 9 ! week ) ! moral 8,nev] be %ock$ by any?+ y see 9 a motion picture /udio0 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,no bett] illu/ration ( ! value ( ,mr4 ,de ,mille's =ego+ rem>ks c be f\nd ?an 9 ! case ( ,*>les ,*apl94 ,mr4 ,*apl9 z well z be+ ! _w's greate/ com$ian1 also directs 8 pictures4 ,suppose t ,mr4 ,*apl9 decid$ to rehe>se 9 e "p ( 8 picture s t 8 support+ play]s might patt]n 8 p]=mances aft] 84 ,! complet$ product w\ld %[3 ,"o good ,*>les ,*apl9 & a doz5 bad imitations ( ,*>les ,*apl94 ,mr4 ,*apl9 has imitators en\gh )\t go+ to ! tr\ble ( br++ !m "r into 8 own pictures4 ,incid5tally ! task t confronts ! actor-director is extraord9>ily difficult4 ,he n only is oblig$ to face ! lights 9 makeup & drop 8 own p]sonality 9 ! role he is play+ b he mu/ also be able to see 8 own "w f beh9d ! cam]a1 to reta9 8 p]spective f ?is angle ( ! production z well z f ! act+ angle4 ,8 is ?us a twice difficult task & p]haps = ?is reason !re are few surviv+ actor-directors4 ,9 ! old days !re us$ to be loads ( !m b ! pictures 7 !n too mu* actor & n en\gh director4 ,besides ,*>les ,*apl9 only a few survive today1 prom95t among !m be+ ,william ,s4 ,h>t & ,*>les ,ray & x may be said t ea* ( ^! />s has done 8 be/ "w :5 direct$ by someone else4 ,:5 !y essay ! dual task ( act+ & direct+ !y pay too little att5tion to ! sup]vision ( ! entire production & conc5trate too l>gely on _! own p]=mances4 ,despite ?is criticism ( ! actor-director & ! cry aga9/ directors %[+ _! play]s h[ to p]=m a sc5e no "o c d5y t a k ( act+1 or r a k ( h[ to act1 comes 9 v h&y f ! director's po9t ( view4 ,a little ov] a ye> ago ,i happ5$ to visit "o ( ! l>ge ea/]n /udios :5 ,john ,s4 ,rob]tson1 probably "o ( ! mo/ compet5t m5 9 ! production craft 0 work+ !re4 ,mr4 ,rob]tson has ye>s ( act+ on ! /age beh9d him4 ,he play$ 9 /ock = a long p]iod & kn[s e role 9 e play ( importance produc$ ov] a p]iod ( consid]able ye>s4 ,h[ev] ,mr4 ,rob]tson is n[ a director & n an actor4 ,:at 0 my surprise !n to discov] him 9 ! mid/ ( a highly dramatic sc5e4 ,! sett+ 0 ! dress+ room ( a /age />4 ,mr4 ,rob]tson 0 half sitt+1 half recl9+ on a luxuri\s *aise-l\nge4 ,! atmosph]e 0 fairly exotic4 ,m>c ,mc,dermott1 excell5t "* actor t he is1 /ood 9 ! backgr\nd1 immaculately clad 9 ev5+ attire4 ,he 0 gaz+ at ,mr4 ,rob]tson ) ! gl9t ( evil 9 8 eyes4 ,! door op5$ & 9 walk$ ,reg9ald ,d5ny :o imm$iately ru%$ madly to ! c\* on :i* ,mr4 ,rob]tson 0 recl9+ languidly & proce$$ to make viol5t love to him4 ,naturally my fir/ impulse 0 to make matt]s kn[n to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? b on inquiry ,i soon le>n$ t ,mr4 ,rob]tson 0 m]ely play+ ,elsie ,f]guson's role 9 ! prelim9>y rehe>sal ( 8,footlights40 ,miss ,f]guson 0 a little late & ,mr4 ,rob]tson 0 oblig+ = ! b5efit ( ,messrs4 ,mc,dermott & ,d5ny6 ,s ,i wat*$ !m fur!r4 ,a long sc5e 0 enact$ ) ,mr4 ,rob]tson play+ ,miss ,f]guson's role exactly z ! script call$4 ,& he 0 do+ x z if x 7 ! mo/ natural ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,z = ! o!r p>ticipants !y 7 s engross$ 9 _! "w t !y didn't seem to notice ! abs5ce ( ,miss ,f]guson & ! pres5ce ( h] capable sub/itute4 ,:5 at la/ %e did appe> ! sc5e only ne$$ "o brief rehe>sal be=e ! cam]as />t$ to gr9d4 ,besides po9t+ out ! value ( ! ability to act to ! director ?is little tale also po9ts ano!r moral1 to wit1 nev] be %ock$ at any?+ y see 9 a motion picture /udio4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,rex ,,+ram ,,on 8,,atmosph]e0 ,! director ( 8,! ,f\r ,horsem5 ( ! ,apocalypse0 & 8,! ,conqu]+ ,p[]10 two ( ! scre5's greate/ a*ievem5ts1 has some?+ to say ab\t sett+s & atmosph]e4--,us+ impressioni/ic me?ods to reali/ic ends is 8 =te4--,! ef=t dem&$ to a*ieve conv9c+ realism on ! scre5 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,few p :o closely foll[ ! scre5 w ne$ an introduction to ,rex ,+ram1 ! "y director :o />tl$ ! :ole scre5 _w ) ! arti/ry ( 8 "w 9 8,! ,f\r ,horsem5 ( ! ,apocalypse40 ,mr4 ,+ram is "o ( ^? to :om ! scre5 gave "o ( its bigge/ opportunities4 ,= a long "t be=e 8,! ,f\r ,horsem50 0 complet$ ! wiseacres 7 pr[l+ ab\t1 %ak+ _! be>ds & /at+ t ! "y director 0 runn+ wild & break+ ! produc+ company t 0 sponsor+ ! picture4 ,h[ he />tl$ ! _w ) a magnific5t piece ( "w is /ill rec5t scre5 hi/ory4 ,& h[ he foll[$ 8 fir/ big success ) ano!r great picture1 8,! ,conqu]+ ,p[]10 is also /ill fre% 9 ! m9ds ( picture audi5ces4 ,among _m o!rs "o ?+ di/+ui%$ bo? 8,! ,f\r ,horsem50 & 8,! ,conqu]+ ,p[]0 & t 0 ! rem>kable atmosph]e :i* ,mr4 ,+ram _h manag$ to inject 9 bo? subjects4 ,x 0 absolutely />tl+ 9 its effect4 ,^? :o hadn't /opp$ to bo!r ab\t ,mr4 ,+ram's e>ly /udies :i* includ$ art 9 two =ms1 pa9t+ & sculptur+1 didn't "k h[ 9 ! _w he _h manag$ x4 ,h[ev]1 x appe>s f ,mr4 ,+ram's own words t he m]ely us$ common s5se & appli$ ! me?ods ( ! old] arts to ! craft ( picture production4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rex ,,+ram1 ,,rehe>s+ ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,race ,,track ,,sc5es ,,9 8,,turn ,,to ,,! ,,"r0 ,illu/ration3 ,,rex ,,+ram ,,direct+ ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,_m ,,mob ,,sc5es ,,9 8,,! ,,f\r ,,horsem50 ,he has "s v int]e/+ ?+s to say reg>d+ ! value ( atmosph]e 9 motion picture production4 ,he writes3 8,aft] s9c]ity ( *>act]ization & directness 9 /ory-tell+1 atmosph]e does m t[>d mak+ an audi5ce accept :at x sees on ! scre5 ?an any?+ else4 ,by accept1 ,i mean1 be ent]ta9$1 engross$ 9 ! subject4 8,:ile good atmosph]e gives an air ( reality to a picture yet ! mo/ conv9c+ & engross+ atmosph]e is (t5 f> f reali/ic4 ,?is is s because ! aim ( ! director %\ld be to get ov] ! effect ( ! atmosph]e he desires1 r ?an ! actual atmosph]e :i* exi/s 9 su* sc5es z he may wi% to portray1 & :i*1 if r$uc$ lit]ally to ! scre5 w\ld be q unconv9c+40 ,?is pr9ciple ( ,mr4 ,+ram's is ! ideal "o on :i* to "w4 ,x is ! pr9ciple ( o!r arts beside t ( produc+ motion pictures4 ,x is ! pr9ciple ( creat+ some?+ by implication & sugge/ion r ?an actual reproduction4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 detracts n "o :it f ! cr$it t is ,mr4 ,+ram's = be+ ! fir/ director to apply x to picture production 9 a consi/5t & effective way4 ,mr4 ,+ram cont9ues3 8,:e!r a sc5e is be+ made ( a bea*-comb]'s %anty1 an und]world basem5t saloon1 a pool-hall1 a %ip's cab91 a %oe factory or a sm>t re/aurant1 n only %\ld ! aim be to conv9ce ! audi5ce1 b en\gh /udy %\ld be giv5 ! subject1 9 ea* case1 to conv9ce ! habitues ( any ( ^! places t !y are 9 famili> surr\nd+s4 8,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ sets t ,i h ev] h&l$ f an atmosph]ic /&po9t 0 ! int]ior ( a d]elict %ip1 bea*$1 & become ! hang-out ( bea*-comb]s1 9 ',"u ,crimson ,skies1' a production "s ye>s old4 ,conrad1 ! ma/] writ] ( ! sea1 nev] (f]$ a m wond]ful opportunity = color ?an did ?is episode 9 ! /ory provid$ by ,j4 ,g4 ,hawks1 ) its ?rill+ climax 9 ! battle 9 ! surf betwe5 ! :ite man & ! black giant4 8,9 ',! ,f\r ,horsem51' ! basem5t resort ( ! ,bu5os ,aires bocca1 or riv] front hang-out1 furni%$ pl5ty ( *ances to make colorful pictures--yet _h ,i be5 lit]al 9 ! way ,i h&l$ x ! effect w\ld n h be5 any?+ ne>ly z reali/ic4 ,= ,i d\bt if any?+ j l t dive ev] exi/$ 9 ! ,arg5t9e or any:]e else = t matt]4 8,! set 0 a ,spani% v]sion ( a b[]y cell> saloon t ,i us$ 9 a picture :i* ,i made sev]al ye>s be=e & re-creat$ to suit ! episode sugge/$ 9 ! great ,ibanez novel4 ,! signs on ! wall1 ! types ( m51 9 fact all ! bits ( atmosph]e 9 ! place 7 ! results ( pa9/ak+ ef=ts to get 8color0 & local atmosph]e into ! set4 ,9 "o corn] a sign hung :i* 0 ! adv]tisem5t ( a notori\s 'crimp1' a sailor's bo>d+-h\se keep]1 ^: e/abli%m5t 0 on ! bocca = ye>s4 ,an old sailor :o 0 work+ 9 ! sc5e & :o _h liv$ 9 ,bu5os ,aires came to me & said3 ',i've be5 %anghai$ by t blood-suck]4' 8,i h gone s f> z to h my pr9cipals speak ! language ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! picture is laid4 ,few ( !m l to g to ?is tr\ble b x helps !m mat]ially 9 keep+ 9 ! requir$ atmosph]e4 ,! results on ! scre5 are s enc\rag+ t aft] !y see :at x has done = !m ! play]s don't m9d ! extra /udy t ?is c\rse entails4 8,i "k ( no bran* ( a director's job t is m fasc9at+ ?an gett+ color & atmosph]e into ! sett+s--?9k+ out bits ( 'bus9ess1' little fla%es ( life :i*1 ?\gh only on ! scre5 = a few mom5ts1 c give an air ( reality to an entire sequ5ce ( sc5es1 t w\ld p]haps o!rwise be lack+4 8,9 scre5+ ,balzac1 z ,i did 9 mak+ ',! ,conqu]+ ,p[]1' f9e atmosph]e & *>act]ization are ( m vital importance ?an incid5t1 = n9e times out ( t5 x is ! *>act]s 9 a great novel t we rememb]--r ?an ! plot40 ,mr4 ,+ram is go+ on 8 way1 creat+ di/9ctly unusual pictures & "o ( ! *ief reasons is ?is great att5tion t he pays to atmosph]e by sugge/ion r ?an actual reproduction4 ,noveli/s call atmosph]e 8backgr\nd40 ,! t]ms are ! same4 ,! noveli/ creates 8 backgr\nd1 8 atmosph]e1 by pa9t+ pictures ) words1 sugge/+ ! locale & environm5t ( hi/ory4 ,?us ) ,mr4 ,+ram4 ,he sugge/s sc5es 9 8 pictures & refuses to label !m4 ,9 ?is respect he is f>!r advanc$ ?an mo/ any director 9 ! art today4 ,?is idea ( sugge/ion c easily be c>ri$ too f>1 h[ev]4 ,! ,g]man produc] :o turn$ out 8,! ,cab9et ( ,dr4 ,calig>i0 c>ri$ x to ! po9t ( alleg$ futuri/ic 8art40 ,he aim$ to sugge/ b in/ead he puzzl$ completely4 ,! produc] ( 8,! ,golem10 ano!r ,g]man picture1 came ne>] ! po9t4 ,b x appe>s t nei!r ( !m equall$ or mu* less surpass$ ! "w ( ,mr4 ,+ram 9 8 two f9e productions already m5tion$4 ,mr4 ,+ram is "o ( ! v few new directors t ! scre5 has develop$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,new 9 ! s5se t he has attract$ att5tion n only )9 ! art ( picture production b )\t x z well4 ,he is "o ( ^? m5 :o h be5 recruit$ f o!r fields ( endeavor & :o has fulfill$ expectations & gone f> beyond !m4 ,a man su* z ,+ram w always h an opportunity4 ,he may h to fight = x b x's b\nd to come4 ,mr4 ,+ram's rem>ks ab\t build+ sett+s1 s t p :o frequ5t su* places 9 real life w in/antly recognize !m1 op5s an int]e/+ field ( comm5t4 ,ev5 if a director labors pa9/ak+ly to a*ieve ! prop] atmosph]e !re are always "s crabs 9 ! audi5ce :o are b\nd to take exception4 ,if !y c't f9d some?+ to criticise 9 ! sett+ !y criticise ! way ! extras play _! p>ts4 ,= a long "t doctors h be5 grossly misrepres5t$ on ! scre54 ,doctors 9 p>ticul> h object$ t !y nev] act z if possess$ ( diplomas4 ,a director rec5tly resolv$ to put an end to su* criticism4 ,x annoy$ him p>ticul>ly inasmu* z he _h a fri5d1 an ,m4,d41 :o 0 =ev] pok+ fun at him :5ev] he introduc$ a man ( m$ic9e into a picture4 ,:5 ! director 9 "q complet$ 8 late/ picture he took 8 doctor fri5d to see x & aft] x 0 ov] ask$ him specially h[ he lik$ ! p]=mance ( ! actor :o play$ ! doctor4 8,t]rible10 repli$ 8 fri5d1 8,! man nev] saw a cl9ic & %[s x4 ,no real doctor w\ld act l t40 8,t's funny10 repli$ ! director ) a smile1 8because1 y see he wasn't an actor b--a doctor60 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,ma9ly ,,ab\t ,d4 ,w4 ,,griffi? ,! produc] & director ( 8,! ,bir? ( a ,nation10 8,he>ts ( ! ,_w10 8,way ,d[n ,ea/10 & 8,orphans ( ! ,/orm0 works ) amaz+ disreg>d ( sy/em4--,o!rs attempt 8 me?ods ( proc$ure & come m (t5 to grief ?an to glory ,,*apt] ,,viii ,no volume on ! subject ( direct+ w\ld be complete )\t ! m5tion ( ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi?4 ,& yet x is utt]ly impossible to deal ) ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? 9 any compreh5sive way4 ,! produc] ( ! fir/ great picture 8,! ,bir? ( a ,nation10 ! man :o /rove = some?+ beyond ! times 9 8,intol]ance10 ! arti/ :o made 8,he>ts ( ! ,_w0 & ! ma/]ly te*nician :o /&s sponsor = 8,way ,d[n ,ea/10 is s+ul>ly h>d to approa* f any ord9>y viewpo9t4 ,!re is no d\bt t ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? at int]vals gives j cause to ! comm5tators :o place him at ! top ( ! li/ ( all directors4 ,b at ! same "t he (t5 does ! mo/ ord9>y ( ?+s on ! scre54 ,9 "o picture he is an arti/ & 9 ! next he appe>s 9 ! light ( a produc] ( hack pieces ( motion picture film4 ,! reason1 no d\bt1 is t ,mr4 ,griffi? is a bus9ess man z well z an arti/4 ,he s9ks an unusually l>ge am\nt ( money 9 a picture su* z 8,he>ts ( ! ,_w0 & !n realizes t1 :ile ! returns f su* a subject are sl[ly accru+1 he mu/ ne$s turn out a few pot-boil]s to keep ! wolf f ! door4 ,?us 8,he>ts ( ! ,_w0 0 foll[$ by two or ?ree %ort] & less pret5ti\s w> pictures ( commonplace v>iety4 ,mr4 ,griffi? is con/antly exasp]at+ p by su* mix$ proce$+s & j :5 8 long-suff]+ public has decid$ to =sake him =ev] & turn to m consi/5t directors & produc]s1 he />tles ! _w aga9 ) ano!r ma/]piece4 ,8 late/ picture1 = in/ance1 8,orphans ( ! ,/orm10 has prov5 an arti/ic success f almo/ e viewpo9t1 & has be5 q capable ( dispos+ ( ! bad ta/e left 9 ! collective m\?s ( critical audi5ces by 8 rec5t 8,dream ,/reet40 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s ab\t ,mr4 ,griffi? to ! lay m9d is t he nev] uses ! usual cont9uity t ! majority ( directors employ4 ,he has 8 /ory cle>ly 9 8 m9d be=e he />ts "w4 ,he has some?+ ( a subconsci\s realization ( h[ _m diff]5t sc5es ought to be embrac$ 9 ea* episode & he sets ab\t 8 "w accord+ly4 ,?is might n seem s difficult z x really is if ,mr4 ,griffi? employ$ ! ,de ,mille me?od ( direct+ 8 pictures 9 cont9uity1 beg9n+ ) sc5e ,no4 #a & proce$+ num]ically onw>d4 ,b ,mr4 ,griffi? sails "r along us+ "o sett+ or sc5e aft] ano!r )\t mu* reg>d = cont9uity4 ,he takes ! numb] ( %ots requir$ 9 ea* sett+ & sc5e ) b slight assi/ance f notes & memor&a4 ,he works 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,a sc5e may repres5t a room 9 a c\ntry home4 ,a son is say+ goodbye to 8 "m2 he is ei!r go+ away to w> or go+ to ! city to make good4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a te>ful p>t+4 ,n[ ! av]age director w ref] to 8 script & note t ! sc5>io writ] has giv5 him1 say1 twelve diff]5t %ots1 includ+ closeups1 long %ots & semi-closeups 9 :i* to get ! 8goodbye0 sc5e ov] & done )4 ,illu/ration3 ,d4 ,w4 ,,griffi? ,illu/ration3 ,d4 ,w4 ,,griffi? ,,immortaliz$ ,,an ,,anci5t ,,melodrama ,,9 8,,way ,,d[n ,,ea/0 ,mr4 ,griffi?1 on ! o!r h&1 w ref] to no 'script ( any k9d1 he w m]ely g ab\t tak+ ! sequ5ce ( sc5es z !y occur on ! scre54 ,!re may be fir/ a te>ful closeup ( ! "m1 !n a closeup ( ! boy1 n]v\s1 happy1 sad4 ,!n a %ot ( bo? ( !m embrac+ & ! son pull+ away4 ,!n a wid] %ot %[+ ! son ab\t to make 8 exit1 b turn+ & com+ back to say a la/ f>ewell to ! "m4 ,& s on & s =?4 ,! action itself w sugge/ o!r sc5es to ,mr4 ,griffi?4 ,( c\rse !re are _m o!r directors :o "w 9 ! same way 9 "s respects4 ,su* a simple sequ5ce z relat$ above c be accompli%$ by any director )\t rec\rse to an elaborate cont9uity4 ,b ! majority ( directors1 ev5 ?\gh !y don't ref] to a cont9uity m9utely ) respect to su* sequ5ces1 h "o h&y s t !y c ref] to x 9 times :5 ! complications ( ! /ory beg9 to pile up4 ,to draw a cle>] p>allel1 ! usual director is l a motori/ :o has c>efully /udi$ 8 road map be=e sett+ out on a j\rney & :o ref]s to x "t & aga9 dur+ ! trip1 specially :5 he comes to a cross roads4 ,mr4 ,griffi? nev] /udies a road map4 ,he j jumps into 8 c> & />ts go+4 ,:5 he comes to a cross+ he takes ! road t seems ! be/ to him4 ,sometimes ?is road is ! wrong "o4 ,m (t5 x is "r4 ,b at lea/ ,mr4 ,griffi? has _h ! fun ( explor+ )\t really kn[+ :at is com+ next4 ,z a consequ5ce1 8 exp]i5ces ev5 ?\gh at times poor ) respect to picture te*nique1 are nev] t$i\s b always refre%+4 ,mr4 ,griffi? expla9s 8 av]sions to a cut-&-dri$ cont9uity by say+ t he doesn't want o!r p to ?9k out 8 /ory = him4 ,r he pref]s to ?9k x out himself4 ,he believes t ! man :o works directly f a cont9uity is m]ely c>ry+ out ! plans ( ! sc5>io writ]4 ,x doesn't take any great ex]tion1 he believes1 to successfully c>ry out ^! ideas if !y are good ideas4 ,on ! o!r h& :5 he himself sets to "w )\t a cont9uity he has ! add$ joy ( creat+ some?+ z he goes along4 ,he is n work+ f "s o!r p]son's bra9 b f 8 own4 ,mr4 ,griffi?'s me?od ( work+ has its advantages &1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 x w\ld h its grave disadvantages4 ,mr4 ,griffi?1 be+ 8 own employ]1 c take all ! "t he wi%es on ! mak+ ( 8 productions4 ,a director work+ on a s*$ule t makes "s consid]ation ( "t w\ld be q at a loss 9 work+ )\t a 'script4 ,! *ances are he w\ld become hopelessly involv$ be=e he got halfway ?r\gh & wond] :at he 0 produc+4 ,& ?is "t s*$ule w\ld n p]mit ! director to sit d[n & puzzle himself out ( 8 pr$icam5t = h\rs & h\rs ! way ,mr4 ,griffi? does4 ,& !n1 ev5 if x did p]mit him s to d1 ! *ances are aga9 t he might n come out ( ! pr$icam5t ) all ! loose ends ( 8 /ory neatly assort$ ! way ,mr4 ,griffi? does4 ,aft] all1 !re is only "o ,griffi? & attempt+ to apply 8 me?ods to o!r directors is some?+ l walk+ & walk+ ar\nd a block & wond]+ :y y nev] get f>!r up t[n4 ,times 71 9 ! days ( ! old ,biograph & ,f9e ,arts companies1 t ,mr4 ,griffi? _h a numb] ( directors work+ "u 8 sup]vision4 ,a numb] ( ^! m51 notably ,*et ,)ey1 ,edw>d ,dillon & ! ,frankl9 bro!rs h made m>ks = !mselves ) o!r companies1 work+ some:at on ! ,griffi? me?od b usually ) a cont9uity to guide !m4 ,i "k ( "o director :o work$ ) ,mr4 ,griffi? long ago & :o is /ill boa/+ ( 8 association ) him 7= work+ ) ,d4 ,w41 y see1 grants "o z mu* pre/ige 9 ! picture _w z hav+ an ance/or t came ov] on ! ,mayfl[] gives "o 9 ! social _w71 b :o has n yet made a good picture s9ce he left 8 =m] *ief4 ,among o!r boa/s ?is director includes ! "o t he nev] us$ a cont9uity :5 produc+ a picture4 ,i happ5$ to be up at 8 /udio "o day :5 he 0 involv$ 9 ! production ( a p>ticul>ly difficult & heavy dramatic sequ5ce ( action4 ,!re 7 a numb] ( play]s at "w on a l>ge sett+ & ea* "o ( !m _h an important "p4 ,?is director work$ along fairly smoo?ly up to a c]ta9 po9t & !n sudd5ly /opp$4 ,he 0 lo/4 ,didn't "k :at came next4 ,b r ?an admit x to 8 company he sat />+ at !m = fully half an h\r1 !n proce$$ to pace ! /udio floor 9 great agitation 8seek+ = ! miss+ idea40 ,he !n ann\nc$ t he w\ld retire to 8 private (fice & ?9k ! matt] ov] quietly4 ,ab\t five m9utes lat] he em]g$ ) all 8 ideas /raight5$ out4 ,( c\rse1 to ! gullible1 8 disappe>+ act _h be5 ! signal = a great inspiration b 9 reality1 z ,i f\nd out aft]w>ds1 he _h gone into 8 (fice & ref]r$ to ! cont9uity ( ! /ory :i* he _h c>efully secret$ 9 8 desk all ! "t4 ,! director's vanity w\ld nev] p]mit him to admit ?is 9 public4 ,he *ose to be reg>d$ z ano!r ,griffi?4 ,unhappily = him 8 complet$ picture prov$ t he 0 f> f ano!r ,griffi? or ev5 a second-rate "o4 ,really ,mr4 ,griffi? has a lot to answ] = 9 ?is matt]4 ,ei!r he or ! vanity ( ! m5 :o =m]ly work$ ) him has to be blam$4 ,& z ,mr4 ,griffi? is a concrete object we might z well blame him4 ,! realization has dawn$ on ! writ] t ?is *apt] is totally inadequate 9 giv+ any description ( ,mr4 ,griffi?1 ap>t f ! small in=mation t he works )\t a manuscript4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 seems doom$ to be ! case4 ,"o _c dissect ,mr4 ,griffi?1 take him ap>t & expla9 ?is piece & t4 ,?is because he is consid]ably an arti/ & no real arti/ c tell exactly h[ he works & give ! processes by :i* he a*ieves c]ta9 effects4 ,a pa9t] w beg9 "w on a fre% canvass by putt+ daubs ( color "h1 !re & ev]y:]e4 ,! layman doesn't "k :at 9 ! deuce he is up to4 ,b 9 ! f9i%$ product ^! e>ly daubs ( color c\nt l>gely 9 ! effect creat$ by ! :ole mass4 ,ev5 ! arti/ himself _c expla9 concisely & cle>ly ! :y & :]e=e ( e daub he appli$ e>ly 9 8 creation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,all ,,! ,,old ,,*>act]s ,,( 8,,way ,,d[n ,,ea/0 ,,7 ,,recreat$ ,,on ,,! ,,scre5 ,,) ,,amaz+ ,,fidelity ,illu/ration3 ,d4 ,w4 ,,griffi? ,s x is ) ,mr4 ,griffi?4 ,he probably c\ld n expla9 8 me?od ( work+ himself4 ,he goes ahead on 8 creation1 putt+ a /roke "h & ano!r !re4 ,! :y & :]e=e ( !m are ?+s undef9able4 ,p]haps :5 8 picture is f9i%$ he c give y ! :ys & :]e=es b ! *ances are t he c't4 ,he only kn[s t he has /riv5 = some?+ & ei!r succe$$ or fail$ 9 ! a*ievem5t ( 8 ambition4 ,& s x is ) o!r directors1 aft] all is said & done4 ,"s ( ! me?ods ( o!r directors z set d[n e>li] 9 ^! *apt]s are m]ely ideas1 small glean+s2 b 9 !mselves alone !y are no m responsible = ! successes ( ^! directors ?an are _! names4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,m\nta9s ,,& ,,molehills ,:y ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? has be5 m successful 9 produc+ spectacul> features ?an o!r directors4--,8 ability to /ep f ! m\nta9 to ! molehill ) agility & delicacy4--,! futility ( mob sc5es t mean mob sc5es & no?+ m ,,*apt] ,,ix ,! =ego+ words on ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? h br\ght to m9d ! matt] ( motion picture spectacles1 ^? pictures tell+ a p]sonal /ory be=e a backgr\nd ( masses ( p & mon/r\s sett+s4 ,!re is small d\bt b t ! spectacle is ! mo/ difficult ( all motion pictures to produce4 ,mr4 ,griffi? has succe$$ mo/ (t5 ) su* subjects1 p]haps because he has attempt$ !m m (t54 ,rex ,+ram succe$$ admirably well 9 8,! ,f\r ,horsem5 ( ! ,apocalypse0 & no d\bt w succe$ aga9 :5 he tries fur!r1 z he mo/ surely w4 ,_m o!rs h succe$$ too1 & _m h fail$1 ! *ief reason = ! failures be+1 x appe>s1 t ! spectacle idea appeal$ to ! director 9 capital lett]s :ile he =got all ab\t ! p]sonal elem5t ( ! /ory4 ,no spectacle1 no matt] h[ gr& & glitt]+ & gorge\s1 no matt] h[ heavily peopl$ ) co/um$ sup]num]>ies1 no matt] h[ ?ickly sme>$ ) money & elaborate 8art0 c succe$ if ! director =gets ab\t 8 p]sonal /ory 9 ! bigness ( 8 backgr\nd4 ,he mu/ be able to /ep f ! m\nta9 to ! molehill ) agility & ) su* delicacy ( t\* t he doesn't sma% ! molehill by tread+ on x z if x 7 ! m\nta94 ,z an example ( ?is appreciation ( bo? ! spectacul> & p]sonal elem5ts ( /ory1 no bett] picture c be f\nd ?an ,mr4 ,griffi?'s 8,he>ts ( ! ,_w10 8 /ory ( ! ,european w>4 ,he br\ght be=e ! eye all ! horrible realities ( ! battle field1 us$ !m to dramatic purpose "t & aga94 ,& yet 9 ! mid/ ( all ?is spectacul> action he nev] = once lo/ sight ( ! p]sonal elem5t 9 ! /ory1 ?is elem5t repres5t$ on ! battle field by ,rob]t ,h>ron :o play$ ! "p ( ! "y soldi]4 ,h[ _m p :o saw 8,he>ts ( ! ,_w0 c =get ! sc5e 9 ! %ell hole 9 :i* ! c5t] ( att5tion 7 ! "y soldi] & ! dy+ negro8 ,?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! p]sonal1 intimate t\*es 9 ! picture & yet ! v next mom5t ! spectator 0 plung$ back into ! mass horror ( ! trem5d\s conflict4 ,?is 0 only an in/ance ( _m4 ,9 ! la/ sc5es :i* look$ =w>d to ! armi/ice p>ade 9 ,p>is 7look$ =w>d to x ) an uncanny am\nt ( judgm5t71 soldi]s & citiz5s 7 se5 go+ mad ) joy 9 ! /reets ( ! city4 ,a ?rill+ sight 9 itself 7 ^! mass sc5es1 %[+ ?\s&s ( p ne>ly break+ _! own & _! fri5ds' necks ) unre/ra9$ joy at peace come at la/4 ,b ev5 9 ! mid/ ( all ^! sc5es ( ?rill+ revelry ! f\r pr9cipal *>act]s ( ! picture 7 introduc$ rejoic+ too4 ,& ! glimpses %[n ( !m br\ght ! ?rills ( ! big sc5es to a trem5d\s emotional climax4 ,x w\ld seem a simple matt] = ! cle>-?9k+ director to produce a spectacul> picture at ! same "t keep+ 8 f+] on ! pulse ( ! intimate1 p]sonal /ory t gives color & reality to ! bigness ( 8 backgr\nds4 ,b x is m (t5 ! case ?an n t ! director :o tackles a spectacle =gets 8 /ory 9 ! mad ru% = sweep+ effect4 ,z a consequ5ce he loses 8 grip on ! int]e/ ( 8 audi5ce4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,?ree ,,muskete]s0 ,,comb9$ ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,romance ,,& ,,?rill ,,9 ,,exactly ,,! ,,"r ,,proportions ,illu/ration3 ,,director ,,john ,,rob]tson ,,secur$ ,,excell5t ,,light+ ,,& ,,d]iv$ ,,wond]ful ,,"w ,,f ,,8 ,,ca/ ,,9 8,,s5tim5tal ,,tommy0 ,h[ _m pictures c\ld be nam$ 9 :i* j mass sc5e aft] mass sc5e appe>$ on ! scre51 conta9+ no dramatic purpose1 no int]e/ aside f _! %e] spectacul> value 7an int]e/ t soon dies if n fo/]$ ) glimpses ( ! p]sonal /ory71 j mass sc5e aft] mass sc5e until ! spectator beg9s to wond] :at 9 ?und] ! :ole ?+ means8 ,x seems (fh& t any numb] ( su* pictures c\ld be nam$4 ,b if ! director keeps 8 s5ses ab\t him he nev] loses sight ( ! little ?+s ( ! spectacle1 !y are z vitally important z ! mass action itself4 ,x might be appropriate to m5tion ! rec5t ,g]man pictures 9 ?is connection4 ,! ,g]man picture director is not$ = ! production ( spectacul> features4 ,9 "s respects he surpasses ! ,am]ican director1 namely 9 ! arti/ry ( 8 big sc5es & ! effective mann] 9 :i* he h&les l>ge numb]s ( p b on ! o!r h& ! ,g]man director has ! fault ( ov]look+ ! p]sonal /ory 9 8 eag]ness to get ! spectacul> effects4 ,?is fact is p>ticul>ly noticeable 9 ,g]man pictures :5 !y fir/ come to ?is c\ntry4 ,( c\rse ! pictures fir/ h to pass ?r\gh ! h&s ( exp]ts4 ,! titles are translat$ & revis$ to fit ! /yles ! ,am]ican public has long s9ce express$ itself satisfi$ )4 ,b m important1 mu* t ! ,g]man director left 9 has to be cut out4 ,pictures made 9 ,g]many & %[n "h z five or six or sev5 reel features v (t5 run eight or n9e or t5 reels :5 !y fir/ are import$ "h4 ,& 9 ^! extra reels :i* ! ,am]ican cutt]s pa9lessly remove f "h1 !re & ev]y:]e 9 ! long /ret* ( ! film1 are mob sc5es us$ j because !y are mob sc5es4 ,mob sc5e foll[s mob sc5e1 until ea* sc5e has no p>ticul> mean+1 ! mass effects gr[ tiresome & ! spectator longs = a glimpse ( ! /ory =gott5 s long ago by ! director4 ,! ,am]ican cutt] is able to elim9ate mu* ( ^! sup]flu\s sc5es b he c n give ! intimate /ory ! prom95ce t 0 d5i$ x 9 ! beg9n+ by ! ,g]man director4 ,probably ! reason :y s _m directors neglect ?is p]sonal elem5t 9 _! spectacles is because ( ! fact t sev]al ye>s ago a big sc5e1 t is a sc5e conta9+ a few doz5 or a few hundr$ p1 0 suppos$ to impress audi5ces ) ! fact t a lot ( money _h be5 sp5t on ! picture & t !re=e1 because a lot ( money 0 sp5t on x1 x 0 a "w ( m]it4 8,"h10 a director us$ to say :5 he _h d\bt 9 ! value ( ! /ory he 0 work+ on1 8,give me a big ball room set & a hundr$ p 9 ev5+ clo!s & ,i'll give ?is picture real class40 ,! argum5t s\nds p>ticul>ly false & uns\nd today z x 0 all ! "t4 ,b ! motion picture directors ( today1 a great _m ( !m at lea/1 /ill seem to ?9k t a picture c be made good by ?r[+ a lot ( money away on lavi% sett+s1 & sett+s conta9+ a lot ( p1 ev5 ?\gh !y fail to reg>d ! p]sonal elem5t ( ! /ory 9 a s]i\s light1 ev5 ?\gh !y fail to make ?is elem5t conv9c+ & real4 ,"s ( ! bigge/ directors 9 ! bus9ess h ?is idea1 /range z x may seem4 ,^! fell[s1 believ+ !mselves secure1 take delight 9 pok+ fun at ,mr4 ,griffi? because he w /op a spectacul> sc5e n[ & !n to %[ a y\ng/] play+ ) kitt5s4 ,mr4 ,griffi? may h be5 incl9$ to pay too mu* att5tion to kitt5s & puppies at "o "t 9 8 c>e] b he 0 head$ along on ! "r track & ^? :o laugh$ at ^! sc5es ( 8 7 !n & !re swit*$ (f to ! wrong track4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,( ,,slap/ick ,,com$y ,! director ( ! knockab\t com$y grossly neglect$ 9 ! p>cell+ out ( praise4--,! inv5tive g5ius ( ,mack ,s5nett1 k+ ( com$y1 & a digression on ! 8discov]y0 ( ,*>les ,*apl91 prompt$ by our pres5t day radical & lib]al writ]s ,,*apt] ,x ,! usual critic ( ! motion picture is giv5 to prat+ long & s]i\sly ab\t ! art & ! bus9ess ( x ) relation to ! ,griffi?s1 ! ,de ,milles1 ! ,+rams1 ! ,g]man ,ern/ ,lubits*s & ! ord9>y :atnots & _! dramatic productions1 b :5 approa*+ ! produc] ( ! slap/ick-?rill com$y1 !y seem to =get t ?is bran* ( production is an art too & a v high "o & "o to be tak5 j z s]i\sly if n m s ?an ! art ( dramatic production4 ,! picture critics ( ! ,new ,york & ,bo/on newspap]s1 = in/ance1 w sometimes devote a :ole column to a review ( an ord9>y dramatic production & !n close ) ! l9e3 8,!re is also a ,mack ,s5nett com$y on ! bill40 ,n9e times out ( t5 ?is com$y s briefly dismiss$ is m int]e/+ & ent]ta9+ ?an ! featur$ "p ( ! program4 ,aside f ,*>les ,*apl9 7,*apl9 is 8 own director7 ! critics don't reg>d ! com$y director 9 8 prop] light--(t5 "o ( high arti/ic a*ievem5t plus a m>vel\s am\nt ( +5uity4 ,to digress = a mom5t1 ! case ( ! critics & ! ,*apl9 com$ies amuses ! writ] & _m ( 8 acqua9tance imm5sely4 ,x appe>s t ! critics1 comm5tators & publici/s ( national & sectional /&+ h only rec5tly 8discov]$0 ,*>les ,*apl94 ,! review]s ( ! daily newspap]s & ! magaz9es n[ hail ea* ef=t ( 8 z ma/]ly1 po9t+ out virtues 9 8 p]=mances1 9 8 attitude on life & 9 8 inv5tive g5ius ) rem>kable pride4 ,*apl9 has become ! 8fa%ion0 ) ^? :o =m]ly ?\ght 8 "n a synonym = a vulg>1 pie-?r[+ cl[n4 ,x 0 "s sev5 ye>s ago t a numb] ( motion picture trade critics & myself fir/ saw ! com$ian do+ a 8bit0 9 a ,mack ,s5nett com$y4 ,somebody said 8 "n 0 ,*>les ,*apman4 ,somebody else said x 0 ,*apla94 ,!y ?\ght s4 ,!y w]5't q sure :o he 04 ,b ev]yone 9 t little room knew !n t1 :oev] he 01 he 0 great4 ,five ye>s aft]w>ds1 z ! picture subtitle w\ld say1 "s ( ! newspap] critics woke up to ! fact t ?is little man 0 an arti/4 ,& a ye> lat] ! lib]als & radicals ( ,gre5wi* ,village1 ,new ,york1 & po9ts we/1 discov]$ t ,mr4 ,*apl9 0 some:at lib]al1 ev5 radical1 politically1 & s made ! a/\nd+ revelation to _! worlds t he 0 a great arti/4 ,p]haps ! above is a little unfair b if ,mr4 ,*apl9 _h vot$ a /raight ,republican ticket x is h>dly to be suppos$ t he w\ld h be5 h]ald$ z su* a ma/] ( 8 craft by ^! p4 ,b we 9 ! motion pictures knew him 9 8 true colors f ! fir/ & s p]haps ?is little excursion into ! realm ( jeal\s back-bit+ may be p>don$4 ,h[ev] we feel some:at z ,columbus1 9 8 grave might feel if ,m>%all ,fo* on 8 rec5t visit to ^! %ores1 %\ld h ann\nc$ to ! _w t he _h discov]$ ,am]ica4 ,b to get back to ! art ( ! director :o makes a good slap/ick com$y4 ,! directors su* z ,mack ,s5nett & 8 /aff ( associates1 su* z ,hal ,roa* :o guides ! de/9ies ( ! bespectacl$ ,h>old ,lloyd1 & su* z ,h5ry ,lehrman1 :o foll[s bl9dly b (t5 q successfully 9 ,mr4 ,s5nett's foot/eps4 ,^! m51 labor+ tirelessly on ! inv5tion ( new 8gags10 /unts & fool]ies = ! amusem5t ( ! picture public are des]v+ ( imm5se cr$it4 8,slap/ick0 is a t]m t ill describes ! ef=ts ( ^! m54 ,x is a hangov] f ! p]iod :5 motion pictures 7 8movies0 & des]v$ no bett] appellation4 ,x sugge/s1 besides ! act ( employ+ ! old /age slap/ick itself1 ! equally worn trick ( ?r[+ cu/>d pies4 ,/range z x may seem to "s ^: memory ( ! old days 9 ! mak+ ( pictures ov]%ad[s _! ability to make obs]vations 9 ! pres5t1 pies are seldom us$ 9 a com$y /udio ^! days1 except 9 ! d9+ room = purposes ( conv5tional consumption4 ,! ?r[+ ( a pie 0 ceas$ long s9ce z a com$y 8gag0 by ! high class slap/ick directors4 ,o!r 8gags0 h replac$ x4 ,once 9 a :ile x is resort$ to1 probably j = old times sake b z a rule ! com$y directors & ^? my/]i\s m5 ( ! com$y /udio1 :o c h>dly be call$ sc5>io writ]s1 m5 ^: inspiration is (t5 ! comb9$ effect ( phonograph music & bottl$ spirits1 are able to h& out some?+ new] & m amus+ ?an m]e pie-?r[+4 ,:at appe>s to be mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! production ( ^! com$ies is ! amaz+ ma*9]y at ! director's control = ! ent]ta9m5t & ! fool+1 ! funny hocus-pocus fool+1 ( ! picture go+ public4 ,mack ,s5nett's /udio on ! we/]n coa/ is probably ! be/ equipp$ 9 ?is way & e me*anical contrivance he employs 9 ! mak+ ( 8 pictures is gu>d$ jeal\sly by him & 8 /aff z a /ate secret might be gu>d$4 ,mr4 ,s5nett doesn't believe 9 tell+ p h[ he p]=ms 8 tricks4 ,he works on ! pr9ciple t ! public is bett] satisfi$ by rema9+ my/ifi$1 ( :i* m anon4 ,s x is beyond ! p[] ( anyone outside ( ,mr4 ,s5nett's confid5ce to set d[n ! exact mann] 9 :i* he causes to be done "s ( ! mo/ amaz+ /unts on ! scre54 ,"o c haz>d ! guess t he makes a com$ian appe> to be walk+ on wat] by d\ble exposure b1 giv5 ?is in=mation1 any o!r director w\ld be h>d put to x to d ! trick successfully4 ,mr4 ,s5nett is (t5 call$ ^u to assi/ o!r directors 9 produc+ a ?rill4 ,mo/ p well rememb] ,anita ,/ew>t's picture ( two or ?ree ye>s ago1 8,9 ,old ,k5tucky40 ,& ^? :o c recall ! picture w also be able to recall ! sc5e :]e9 ,miss ,/ew>t1 on horseback1 urg$ h] /e$ to jump a yawn+ *asm1 r wide & t]rify+ly deep4 ,x 0 "o ( ! bigge/ ?rills 9 ! picture & x 0 made 9 ,mr4 ,s5nett's /udio4 ,nei!r ,miss ,/ew>t1 nor ,m>%all ,neilan1 :o direct$ all ! re/ ( 8,9 ,old ,k5tucky0 _h any?+ to d ) ?is p>ticul> sc5e4 ,x 0 fur!r said t ,mr4 ,s5nett dem&$ & receiv$ a sum equival5t to ! ye>ly sal>y ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = 8 contribution to ! old melodrama4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mack ,,s5nett ,,mixes ,,situations ,,ludicr\sly4 ,,"h ,,is ,a ,,m>riage ,,s]vice ,,proce$+ ,,"u ,,difficulties ,illu/ration3 ,,mack ,,s5nett ,,n ,,only ,,goes ,,9 ,,= 8,,gags0 ,,:olesale ,,b ,,end[s ,,8 ,,pictures ,,) ,a ,,f9e ,,quality ,,( ,,burlesque4 ,,?is ,,is ,a ,,sc5e ,,f 8,,d[n ,,on ,,! ,,f>m0 ,a great "p ( ,mr4 ,s5nett's art lies 9 8 inv5tive g5ius & 8 happy faculty ( apply+ "s basically s\nd trick ( me*anics to a ridicul\s com$y situation4 ,9 ?is respect he proce$s f ! same pr9ciple t ,r4 ,l4 ,goldb]g1 ! c>tooni/1 does4 ,^? 8easy ma*9es0 contriv$ by ,goldb]g1 involv$1 intricate & ridicul\s1 t f9ally end up by scrat*+ a man's back or slapp+ a mosquito1 h z a basis an actual me*anical !ory4 ,s ) ,mr4 ,s5nett4 ,9 a rec5t ,b5 ,turp9 picture ! com$ian appe>$ z a bak]4 ,he 0 %[n 8hol+0 d\ghnuts ) a me*anic's aug] & go+ ab\t 8 "w 9 a p]fectly s]i\s fa%ion4 ,a little lat] ! subtitle 8te/+0 0 fla%$ on ! scre51 foll[$ by ! sc5e ( ! bak] te/+ 8 d\ghnuts by slipp+ !m ov] a b> & *9n+ himself on !m4 ,! effect 0 utt]ly ridicul\s1 upro>i\sly funny4 ,& :at 0 x8 ,really j an application ( s\nd sci5tific me?ods1 nev] funny :5 appli$ correctly1 b z appli$ to a bak]y m or less ( a scream4 ,mr4 ,s5nett & 8 /aff w />tle audi5ces into fits ( laught] "t & aga9 by su* me?ods4 ,:ile on ! subject ( ,b5 ,turp9 x is only fair to record "h t ,mack ,s5nett has nev] receiv$ ! cr$it due him = develop+ ?is cross-ey$ ,romeo4 ,turp9 c be1 & has be51 q a tiresome bore on ! scre54 ,he prov$ x a few ye>s ago by try+ to /> himself )\t ,mr4 ,s5nett's guid+ h&--& he fail$4 ,c]ta9ly 9 8 case direction ent]s into 8 success l>gely4 ,=d ,/]l+ is ano!r :o once left ,mr4 ,s5nett's guidance to =m 8 own company4 ,b he also came back to ! fold4 ,! tricks ( ! slap/ick produc]s are num]\s4 ,! famili> sc5e ( ! automobiles skidd+ all ov] a wet pavem5t is sometimes actually haz>d\s to ^? p>ticipat+ b m (t5 x is film$ ) a sl[ cam]a1 ! c>s also skidd+ ar\nd r sl[ly1 ) ! result t ! complet$ picture gives ! impression ( %e] & utt] recklessness4 ,9 ! ,b5 ,turp9 picture already m5tion$ ! com$ian endeavor$ to eat asp>agus & j z he w\ld get a tip ne> 8 m\? x w\ld curl away l a snake4 ,( c\rse !re are su* ?+s z wires & spr+s4 ,! elem5t ( surprise ent]s into ! mak+ ( ! mod]n com$y to a great ext5t4 ,h>old ,lloyd & 8 director1 ,hal ,roa*1 employ ! me?od ( ! surprise laugh to admirable effect4 ,"o ( ! bigge/ laughs t ?is com$ian has ev] be5 responsible = 0 br\ght on by a totally unexpect$ surprise4 ,he appe>$ z a y\? :o s\ght suicide z a way out ( all 8 tr\bles4 ,he climb$ on ! rail+ ( a bridge ) a rock hung r\nd 8 neck & leap$ into ! wat] bel[4 ,! wat] 0 only ab\t a foot deep & ! y\? came to a j>r+ /op :5 8 feet hit ! bottom4 ,! laugh t foll[$ 0 really to be describ$ z an outbur/4 ,messrs4 ,lloyd & ,roa* probably scorn ! tricks by :i* sc5es c be made to look ?rill+1 pref]r+ in/ead to accompli% ! actual ?rill1 m ?an any o!r com$y produc]s4 ,x may be recall$ t ,mr4 ,lloyd once caus$ a v>iety ( he>t afflictions by appe>+ 9 a picture 9 :i* he 0 se5 walk+ 9 8 sleep on ! edge ( a high build+4 ,fake8 ,n a bit ( x6 ,! real ?+--t is ! high build+1 n ! sleep-walk+4 ,all ! /udios 9 ,cali=nia conf9$ to ! elaborate production ( slap/ick-?rill com$y h _! own hospitals & _! own /affs ( bonesett]s & doctors4 ,&1 9 ord] t ! public may h its fill ( laughs1 ^! hospitals (t5 h _! fill ( pati5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,o!r ,,tricks ,,up ,,directors' ,,sleeves ,prov+ t ! illusion once creat$ by ! d\ble exposure has be5 completely spoil$ by giv+ x s mu* publicity4--,& s ! spoil+ process is begun on a numb] ( o!r tricks employ$ by ! director to fool ! public ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,,exposure1 ,,despite ,,! ,,fact ,,t ,,its ,,me*anics ,,h ,,long ,,s9ce ,,be5 ,,expos$1 ,,0 ,,us$ ,,successfully ,,9 ,,m>y ,,pick=d',s 8,,little ,,"l ,,fauntl]oy10 ,,direct$ ,,by ,,al ,,gre5 ,,& ,,jack ,,pick=d ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,photographic ,,"w ,,9 8,,! ,,conqu]+ ,,p[]0 ,,0 ,,also ,,an ,,a*ievem5t ,,e ,,sc5e ,,9 8,,! ,,conqu]+ ,,p[]0 ,,c>ri$ ,,subtle ,,sugge/ion ,,9 ,,its ,,v ,,atmosph]e ,,*apt] ,,xi ,mack ,s5nett's pr9ciple ( keep+ ! tricks ( 8 /udio to himself & n spread+ !m broadca/ ?r\gh a publicity dep>tm5t & acqua9t+ audi5ces ) ! 8h[0 ( all 8 ?rill sc5es is basically a s\nd "o4 ,x is ! pr9ciple foll[$ by ,david ,belasco ) respect to 8 /age productions4 ,mr4 ,belasco nev] tells h[ he a*ieves a c]ta9 effect4 ,p4 ,t4 ,b>num proce$$ on a l pr9ciple2 t !re 0 8"o born e m9ute0 & t ev]yone ( ^? lik$ to be fool$4 ,mr4 ,belasco goes ev5 fur!r & /rives to prev5t 8 />s f appe>+ 9 public4 ,?is ( c\rse is exactly opposite 9 view to ! motion picture />s' idea ( do+ ?+s4 ,! m !y appe> 9 public1 ! m t is pr9t$ ab\t !m1 ! sur] !y are ( _! popul>ity4 ,x is a "q z to :e!r audi5ces w\ld c>e m = ,m>y ,pick=d if !y didn't "k ! size ( h] %oes1 :at facial cream %e recomm5ds1 h[ mu* money %e makes & h[ %e sp5ds h] ,sunday aft]noons2 z to :e!r !y w\ld c>e m = ,con/ance ,talmadge if !y didn't "k ! size ( h] %oes1 :at facial cream %e recomm5ds1 h[ mu* money %e makes & h[ %e sp5ds h] ,sunday aft]noons2 z to :e!r !y w\ld c>e m = ,wallace ,reid if !y didn't "k ! size ( 8 %oes1 :at hair tonic he recomm5ds1 h[ mu* money he makes & h[ he sp5ds 8 ,sunday aft]noons1 x is a "q t c nev] be answ]$4 ,b 9 reg>d to giv+ away ! me*anics ( picture mak+1 :e!r x is a wise or an unwise c\rse1 ! "q has already be5 answ]$4 ,! po9t$ ref]5ce is to ! case ( ! d\ble exposure4 ,?is has be5 expla9$ s _m times 7& (t5 expla9$ incorrectly7 t n[ :5 a sc5e appe>s on a !atre scre5 9 :i* ! same play] appe>s twice at "o "t1 y c he> all ar\nd y ! explanation ( h[ x is done4 ,z a result ( all ! publicity giv5 ! subject ( d\ble exposure its use to create a real illusion has practically pass$4 ,imm$iately x comes on ! scre5 an audi5ce is snapp$ out ( ! /ory & confront$ ) ! b>e & unromantic ma*9]y ( picture mak+4 ,john w !reupon say to ,m>y3 8,oh1 !y d t by bl9d+ half ( ! cam]a l5s & divid+ ! sc5e 9 two4 ,fir/ he plays ! "p on ! left h& side & !n--0 8,yes1 & !n10 ,m>y w say to ,john1 8!y turn ! cam]a back & expose ! o!r side ( ! film :ile he's play+ ! o!r "p40 ,& !re y are4 ,all v simple4 ,easie/ ?+ 9 ! _w to expla94 ,b 9 ! meantime ,m>y & ,john h lo/ track ( ! /ory1 ! illusion has be5 sma%$ = !m & = all ! p sitt+ ar\nd !m4 ,!re=e hav+ prov5 t x is a bad ?+ to give away ! secrets ( ! director & cam]aman & cutt]1 ,i w n[ set d[n two or ?ree o!r secrets ( ! director & ! cam]aman & ! cutt] s t o!r illusions ( y\rs may be spoil$ :5 y g to ! !atre4 ,consequ5tly1 if y desire to reta9 y\r illusions refra9 f f9i%+ ?is *apt]4 ,! fight on ! edge ( a high precipice wag$ betwe5 ! h]o & ! villa9 ( ! /ory is a favorite sc5e ( e director's4 ,x is usually t]m9at$ :5 ! h]o mu/]+ all 8 /r5g?1 l&s on ! jaw ( ! villa9 & tumbles him (f ! precipice into ! no?+ness bel[4 ,n[1 ( c\rse villa9s are exp5sive commodities1 (t5 call+ = five hundr$ doll>s a week & m & no director c af=d to let "o drop ov] a cliff n[ & !n j = ! sake ( a ?rill4 ,fur!rmore1 !y are usually happily m>ri$ ) l>ge families & ^! families w\ld be incl9$ to feel "s v5om = ! director if he p]mitt$ ! villa9s to g ov] ! precipices4 ,s ! foll[+ c\rse is decid$ ^u z ! next be/ ?+ to actually kill+ ! villa94 ,! fir/ "p ( ! r\gh & tumble fight is gone ?r\gh 9 a natural way4 ,!n comes ! sc5e :i* beg9s ) ! h]o's ru% = ! villa9 & ends ) ! bl[ t s5ds ! un=tunate ov] ! cliff4 ,! villa9 takes 8 n]ve ) him & /&s on ! edge ( ! cliff & leans z f> back z he is able4 ,! h]o !n places "o fi/ on ! villa9's jaw & all[s x to re/ !re lightly4 ,!n he pulls x back sudd5ly4 ,! villa9 foll[s him back to safety & !y proce$ to fight 9 a r\gh & tumble way aga94 ,b :at has ! cam]a be5 do+ all ! "t8 ,ah1 ! cam]a has be5 gr9d+ backw>ds s t :5 ! above sc5e is fla%$ on ! scre5 x looks z if ! h]o really hit ! villa9 on ! jaw4 ,& j at ! po9t :]e ! villa9 is %[n lean+ back to ! f>!/ ( 8 ability ! film is cut & a dummy lik5ess ( ! villa9 is sub/itut$ = ! fall1 !reby sav+ ! director's reputation & 8 /&+ ) ! real villa9's family4 ,!n !re is ! close %ot ( ! h]o's fi/ l&+ ) t]rific impact on ! villa9's jaw & s5d+ him sprawl+4 ,naturally no villa9 really wants to feel ! t]rific impact ( ! h]o's fi/4 ,! two boys may be good fri5ds 9 real life4 ,s ! h]o lets 8 fi/ fly g5tly & m]ely taps 8 oppon5t4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 ?is w\ldn't look reali/ic on ! scre5 s :at does ! director d or ord] ! cutt] to d8 ,he cuts or ord]s to be cut e second or e ?ird individual picture f ! /rip ( film t %[s ! sl[ly mov+ fi/4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is cutt+ ! movem5t ( ! fi/ is giv5 actual spe$ & f9ally :5 ! sc5e is %[n on ! scre5 x looks l ! real ?+6 ,( c\rse ! old trick ( ! baby be+ rescu$ f ! onru%+ tra9 9 ! nick ( "t or ! sc5e ( ! automobile j cutt+ across 9 front ( ! ?und]+ express are g5]ally und]/ood4 ,! action is usually tak5 backw>ds z 9 ! fight on ! edge ( ! precipice ) mo/ satisfactory & ?rill+ results :5 %[n on ! scre5 frontw>ds4 ,illu/ration3 8,,disraeli0 ,,is ,,! ,,play ,,9 ,,:i* ,,george ,,arliss ,,won ,,wide ,,fame4 ,,direct$ ,,= ,,! ,,scre5 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,kolk] ,,x ,,/&s ,,z ,,! ,,mo/ ,,p]fect ,,adaptation ,,on ,,record ,illu/ration3 ,,wally ,,reid ,,9 ,,! ,,george ,,fitzmaurice ,,production ,,( 8,,pet] ,,ibbetson0 ,& n[ t ,i h succe$$ 9 spoil+ ^! illusions = read]s :o h n previ\sly _h !m spoil$1 is x any p>ticul> wond] :y ,mack ,s5nett gu>ds ! secrets ( 8 /udy ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( jeal\sy8 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,"s ,,words ,,f ,,frank ,,borzage ,! director ( 8,humoresque0 & 8,get-,ri*-,quick ,wall+=d10 a born creator1 an in/9ctive picture director1 believes !re is n en\gh true *>act]ization on ! scre5 today4--,audi5ces l to see c\nt]p>ts ( !mselves on ! scre51 n highly glorifi$ h]oes & h]o9es1 is 8 !ory ,,*apt] ,,xii ,e>li] 9 ^! *apt]s ref]5ce 0 made to ! numb] ( capable & skill$ m51 z yet unprov5 ) respect to ! ext5t ( _! emotional exp]i5ce1 :o 7 eag]ly await+ ! opportunity to /ep into ! limelight ) a pictorial ma/]piece4 ,9 only a little ov] ! la/ twelve mon?s two su* m5 7 giv5 ! opportunity & bo? prov$ !mselves1 em]g+ f _! exp]i5ces z directors ^: names n[ /& = ! be/ 9 motion pictures4 ,( & f "o ( ^! m51 ,rex ,+ram1 we h already he>d4 ,! o!r is ,frank ,borzage :o 9 ! %ort space ( a ye> has giv5 picture audi5ces 8,humoresque0 & 8,get-,ri*-,quick ,wall+=d10 bo? arti/ic & f9ancial successes4 ,mr4 ,borzage is obvi\sly a born director1 t is a born creator1 a born arti/4 ,! qualities are to be obs]v$ 9 him m]ely on a *ance conv]sation4 ,x is easy to see t "h is a man ) a great gr\ndwork ( emotional exp]i5ce to s]ve him 9 8 art4 ,& ,mr4 ,borzage is "o ( ^? :o subscribe to ! !ory set =? 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ?is book2 t )\t a full backgr\nd ( emotional exp]i5ce a director c nev] rise to ! heights ( 8 craft4 ,mr4 ,borzage's me?od ( work+ may n be di/9ctly individual ) him b at lea/ no o!r director has /at$ z cle>ly :at he believes to be "o ( ! secrets ( mak+ good pictures4 ,mr4 ,borzage believes t beh9d e face he sees !re is "s sort ( a /ory4 ,unable to f9d out exactly :at ?is /ory is1 he w draw x 9 "p f ! face itself4 ,! face w tell him c]ta9 ?+s1 ! re/ w be suppli$ f ! imag9ation4 8,*>act]ization is :at makes pictures attractive10 ,mr4 ,borzage says1 8,s9c]e1 true *>act]ization4 ,!re isn't en\gh ( x 9 ! av]age picture ( today4 ,!re is too mu* deal+ ) ! surface ?+s1 ! sup]ficial ?+s4 ,! majority ( directors don't g deep en\gh into ! p]sonalities ) :i* !y deal4 8,i believe 9 develop+ e "*1 no matt] h[ small1 t !re is 9 my /ory if t developm5t is to prove int]e/+4 ,& by int]e/+ ,i don't mean ! blood-&-?und] sort ( int]e/4 ,a "* doesn't h to h committ$ a murd] or betray$ a fri5d1 or to h won a battle 9 a w> or politics to be int]e/+4 ,x is ! commonplace little ?+s 9 t "*'s life t c be ?r[n up on ! scre5 & made int]e/+1 absorb+1 liv+4 8,x is my aim to develop *>act]s on ! scre5 t ev]yone 9 an audi5ce w recognize4 ,i want a man to say :5 he sees a "* 9 "o ( my pictures1 ',well1 t's awfully l ,johnny ,jones1' or ,i want him to say1 ',go%1 ,i did ! same ?+ myself1 ye/]day4' ,t is ! k9d ( a "* t makes a hit on ! scre54 ,a "* t ev]ybody recognizes & imm$iately loves4 ,9 e face ,i see ,i f9d a /ory4 ,x doesn't seem h>d4 ,! /ory is "r !re ly+ on top1 easily visible4 ,y c take x & make some?+ real1 vital out ( x4 ,& by face ,i don't mean face lit]ally :5 x comes "r d[n to direct+ pictures4 ,!n by face ,i mean ! *>act]s 9 my /ory4 8,s _m times ev5 9 ! be/ ( /ories1 writt5 by ! be/ ( writ]s & prep>$ by ! be/ ( cont9uity writ]s1 x seems to me t opportunities h be5 ov]look$ = ! developm5t ( "*4 ,x is probably because ! majority ( au?ors don't realize ! ext5t to :i* y c g on ! scre5 9 develop+ a *>act]ization4 ,!y are /ill ?9k+ 9 t]ms ( ! pr9t$ page4 ,!y don't "k q h[ to ?9k 9 pictures4 8,& s if a m9or "* c be develop$ )\t cr[d+ plot int]e/ & ! important *>act]s 7& c]ta9ly m9or *>act]s c be develop$ 9 ?is fa%ion7 :y ,i always want to d x & d d x4 8,aga9 ,i say x is 9 ^! homely1 pla91 av]age *>act]s t !re lies ! real int]e/ = ! majority ( audi5ces4 ,! av]age picture deals ) a h]o & h]o9e :o are n av]age p4 ,!y are g5]ally v sup]ior 9 ev]y?+ !y d4 ,mo/ produc]s & directors believe t audi5ces l su* p & no o!r k9d because !y h always gone to see !m on ! scre5 & cont9ue to d s4 ,^! sup]ior p are 9 ! majority ( plays & pictures & /ories t we see & read4 8,b j /op & see :]e ! pla91 av]age "* :5 elevat$ to ! position ( importance 9 a film or a play1 has captur$ ! he>ts ( ?\s&s1 millions4 ,i ref] to ! plays1 ',lightn9'1' & ',! ,fir/ ,ye>' & to ',humoresque1' ! picture4 ,"h 7 pla91 ev]yday p1 j l all ( u & j because !y 7 s l all ( u we l !m bett] ?an we l swa%buckl+ h]oes 9 mod]n adv5ture pictures & entirely too wide-ey$ & pretty h]o9es 9 pictures suppos$ to be repres5t+ life4 8,( c\rse1 a dramatic picture ) av]age p 9 x is ! h>de/ ?+ 9 ! _w to write4 ,t is1 x seems to be f its sc>city4 ,p]haps ?\gh ! writ]s proce$ on ! idea t audi5ces want fanta/ically h]oic h]oes & h]o9es because !y believe p l to see !mselves z !y w\ld l to be4 ,?is is a s\nd !ory & no d\bt is responsible = ! popul>ity ( ! av]age picture b ,i ?9k p really l to see !mselves z !y are4 ,!re are /ories1 & dramatic /ories 9 real peoples' lives b ( c\rse !y are h>d to f9d4 ,x's all v well to say t !re's drama 9 ! life ( ! man :o deliv]s ! milk & 9 ! lives ( ^? 9 ! ap>tm5t next door4 ,x's !re all "r4 ,b f9d x6 ,t's :at ,i try to d & t's :at ,i try to d 9 my pictures4 ,t makes !m a little bit diff]5t f ! usual picture p]haps40 ,mr4 ,borzage's 8,humoresque0 & 8 m rec5t picture f ! ,cohan play & ! ,*e/] /ories1 8,get-,ri*-,quick ,wall+=d0 be> sil5t witness to 8 ideas on picture mak+ ) respect to "* developm5t4 8,humoresque0 conta9$ "s ( ! ke5e/ "* /udies ev] scre5$4 ,its fir/ half1 deal+ ) ,jewi% family life 9 ,new ,york ,city's ,ghetto 0 dot$ ) gems ( true *>act]ization1 recognizable z repres5t+ actually ! av]age ,jewi% family ( ! ea/ side4 ,mu* ( ?is *>act]ization 0 drawn f ! "w ( ! au?or1 ,fannie ,hur/1 & ,mr4 ,borzage is ! fir/ to recognize ?is fact1 & mu* m 0 suppli$ by ! director himself4 ,! mann] 9 :i* he built up ! "* ( ! ,jewi% fa!r1 = in/ance1 in/ill+ into x ! prop] am\nt ( sympa?y1 humor & racial *>act]i/ic1 is a la/+ tribute to its "w4 ,!re is an int]e/+ /ory ) respect to 8,humoresque0 t has (t5 be5 told4 ,! picture _h co/ a deal ( money & 0 wat*$ ) p>ticul> int]e/ by ev]yone 9 ! /udio :]e x 0 made f ,william ,r4 ,he>/1 d[n to ! m]e/ prop]ty man4 ,x 0 some?+ ( an exp]im5t4 ,:5 x 0 f9ally complet$ & 9 read9ess to be put be=e ! public ! heads ( ! organization decid$ n to put x out6 ,!y 7 afraid ( x6 ,:y8 ,well1 because x dealt solely ) ,jewi% *>act]s1 x didn't conta9 ! ord9>y type ( motion picture plot1 9 brief1 x 0 some?+ q ap>t f ! usual type ( picture4 ,!re=e ^? :o /ood sponsor = x trembl$ le/ x fail f9ancially & trembl$ to ! po9t :]e !y decid$ x %\ldn't be releas$ at all4 ,& !n someone spoke up & />t$ to *ampion ! picture4 ,x may h be5 ,mr4 ,borzage4 ,b :oev] x 0 ! picture w5t into a !atre & f ! fir/ p]=mance />t$ to break records4 ,& su* has be5 ! case ) a numb] ( ! be/ pictures produc$4 8,! ,bir? ( a ,nation0 & 8,! ,miracle ,man0 7 consid]$ by ^? suppos$ to "k z failures be=e !y 7 releas$4 ,!y w\ld nev] make a p5ny4 ,& all ?ree ( ^! pictures w5t out & clean$ up ! %ekels = _! sponsors6 ,mr4 ,borzage has a few words to say on ! subject ( direct+ :i* also /amp him z a man f :om great] successes /ill are to be expect$ 9 ! future4 8,e type ( picture10 he says1 8:e!r drama1 melodrama1 com$y or f>ce c be treat$ 9 ! same way ) respect to *>act]ization4 ,by ?is ,i mean t all su* types ( pictures are bas$ prim>ily on ! s9c]ity ( _! *>act]izations4 ,if ,i 7 mak+ slap/ick pictures ,i w\ld pay j z mu* att5tion to *>act]ization z ,i d n[4 ,look at ,*apl94 ,*>act]ization1 true *>act]ization1 is at ! bottom ( 8 success4 ,x is :at makes 8 pictures m ?an m]e com$ies b ma/]pieces ( picture art4 8,z = melodrama1 ,i ?9k x a va/ly belittl$ type ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,( c\rse ! old melodrama1 ! type disp>ag+ly ref]r$ to z 't51 tw5ty1 ?irty' conta9$ little m]it beside its ability to ?rill4 ,!n !re 0 no *>act]ization except t :i* rose f ! situations !mselves4 ,situations creat$ "*1 true to ! rule ( melodrama4 ,b today 9 ! pictures we h ! old melodramatic situations fitt$ out dec5tly ) true *>act]izations4 ,critics are incl9$ to belittle !m & call !m *eap4 ,b !y don't seem to s5se ! idea t life is made up l>gely ( melodrama4 ,! mo/ grotesque situations rise e day 9 life4 ,read ! newspap]s1 talk ) y\r fri5ds & see if ,i'm n "r4 ,co9cid5ce runs rife 9 ! life ( ev]yone4 ,& yet :5 ^! true to life situations are transf]r$ to ! scre5 !y are sometimes laugh$ d[n because !y are 'melodrama4' ,illu/ration3 ,,frank ,,borzage ,,9 ,,direct+ 8,,back ,,pay0 ,,/ops ,,to ,,give ,,directions ,,to ,,8 ,,cam]aman1 ,,*e/] ,,lyons ,illu/ration3 ,,frank ,,borzage ,,& ,,! 8,,humoresque0 ,,company4 ,,! ,,director ,,is ,,seat$ ,,on ,,! ,,floor4 ,,! ,,little ,,girl ,,is ,,miriam ,,batti/a4 ,,! ,,woman ,,at ,,! ,,"r ,,is ,,v]a ,,gordon4 ,,alma ,,rub5s ,,is ,,on ,,! ,,left ,,) ,,ga/on ,,glass ,,by ,,h] ,,*air4 ,,dore ,,davidson ,,/&s ,,) ,,8 ,,h&s ,,fold$ 8,if ?is is true !n all life is a joke & :ile "s humori/s hold to ?is idea1 ,i am n "o ( ^? :o believe x s40 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,:at ,,tempo ,,means ,,9 ,,direct+ ,! matt] ( tempo is /rictly ( ! te*nical side ( direct+4 ,edw>d ,dillon expla9s h[ com$y pictures c be 8made0 or 8brok50 ?r\gh close att5tion to ?is angle ( production1 or a total disreg>d ( x ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,"o ( ! mo/ important matt]s conc]n$ ) ! direction ( a picture is t ( tempo4 ,tempo is a t]m borr[$ f ! music _w b x applies to pictures z accurately z x does to music4 ,its mean+ is simple1 ( c\rse1 b to put x 9 a m commonplace way x means ! 8tim+10 or r ! prop] tim+ ( ! v>i\s episodes t con/itute ! picture4 ,! value ( prop] tempo is at once recognizable ) respect to "s ( ! famili> episodes ( picture dramas4 ,anyone c readily realize ! value ( an ultra-rapid tempo 9 deal+ ) a *ase episode1 ei!r 9 com$y or 9 drama1 say = in/ance1 :5 policem5 are *as+ crooks4 ,"h ! motion is spe$$ up to its greate/ possible ext5t :ile /ill keep+ )9 ! b\nds ( realism & probability4 ,sometimes1 z is well kn[n1 realism & probability 9 a *ase are f> exce$$ 9 burlesque com$ies4 ,likewise1 x is j z easy to pick out a typical sequ5ce :]e sl[ tempo is dem&$2 any su* sequ5ce z a religi\s c]emony or an important dramatic d5unciation4 ,to po9t out "o mann] 9 :i* ! tempo ( sc5es v>ies 9 less typical sequ5ces & to po9t out ! value ( its v>iation is1 h[ev]1 a f> m difficult ?+ to d4 ,to ! eye ( ! layman ! tempo ( a picture may nev] v>y f "o end to ! o!r4 ,subconsci\sly1 h[ev]1 ?is v>iation ( ! tempo is 9 a great "p responsible = t p]son's enjoym5t ( ! ent]ta9m5t4 ,j z a *ase sc5e is key$ to ! greate/ possible tempo & j z a d5unciation sc5e may be key$ to ! sl[e/ possible tempo1 j s o!r sc5es ( v>y+ dramatic calibre %\ld be key$ to rates ( tempo ( v>y+ & relative importance4 ,sometimes two sequ5ces may be play$ toge!r 9 :i* !re is little m ?an a hair's bread? 9 tempo b little z x is x is /ill !re1 ex]cis+ a subtle effect on ! dramatic wor? ( ! picture z x unfolds on ! scre54 ,! director :o has ?is realization ( ! prop] tempo d[n to some?+ approa*+ a practical sci5ce is ! be/ director4 ,to gauge ! value ( a c]ta9 sequ5ce & !n to ?9k x out 9 m9utes & seconds is a task ( exce$+ly difficult proportions4 ,!n too1 !re is ! circum/ance ( ! spe$ at :i* ! cam]aman is gr9d+ to be consid]$4 ,a cam]aman c manage ! tempo ( a picture by himself if he kn[s suffici5tly & likewise if he is ignorant ( ! niceties ( 8 "w he may well ru9 a picture ?r\gh lack ( prop] att5tion to ! tim+ ( 8 sc5es1 despite all ! ef=ts ( ! director4 ,:ile x doesn't take any unusual am\nt ( judgm5t to det]m9e ! sc5es t %\ld be play$ 9 fa/ tempo1 x does take consid]able judgm5t to det]m9e ^? t %\ld be play$ 9 sl[ tempo4 ,_m directors are incl9$ to aw>d altoge!r too mu* film space 7are incl9$1 9 o!r words1 to play 9 too sl[ a tempo7 sc5es ( little importance4 ,:5 a director has err$ 9 ?is fa%ion a numb] ( times 9 ! production ( "o picture1 ! results %[ on ! scre5 9 ! %ape ( lo/ int]e/ on ! audi5ce's "p4 ,! spectator gets ! idea t ! picture is padd$ out ) sc5es j to fill 91 :e!r ?is 0 ! aim ( ! director or n4 ,sc5es t %\ld be play$ 9 a rapid tempo are usually play$ at _! normal gait on ! /udio /ages b :5 x comes to a sc5e t is play$ sl[ly = ! reason ( regi/]+ a c]ta9 /rong dramatic po9t1 ^! sc5es are z a rule play$ a little bit sl[] ?an !y w\ld normally be pres5t$4 ,! "q ( tempo simm]s d[n1 !re=e1 to ! "q ( h[ skill$ ! director ( ! picture is 9 secur+ desir$ effects on ! scre54 ,tempo is s ?or\ghly a "p ( a director's manifold duties1 a "p ( almo/ ea* & e "o1 t is1 t x is extremely difficult to disassociate x f any ( !m4 ,9 deal+ ) x1 x is impossible to g ?or\ghly into ! subject )\t say+ some?+ on pictorial & dramatic detail1 ab\t ! ability ( ! play]s !mselves & ab\t ! cam]a & its ma/]4 ,b ! picture prop]ly tim$ & key$ is und\bt$ly ! be/ picture4 ,! drama t leads up to an inevitable climax t su/a9s ! int]e/ ( ! spectator ?r\gh a consid]able s]ies ( episodes be=e t climax is rea*$2 ! drama t1 at ! mom5t ( ! climax itself1 fairly bur/s =? on ! admir+ spectator 9 all its /r5g? & =ce1 is ! drama made ) close att5tion to ! tempo ( ea* ( its episodes4 ,edw>d ,dillon1 "o ( ! sure/ directors ( light com$y 9 ! produc+ art :o receiv$ 8 s*ool+ "u su* pres5t day ma/]s z ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? & ,mack ,s5nett1 has a few int]e/+ words to say ) respect to ! topic4 8,tempo1 ! gaug+ ( sc5es & sequ5ces to _! prop] "t c almo/ make or break a picture10 he says4 8,?is fact is specially true ) respect to ! light com$y or ! com$y-drama4 ,audi5ces z a :ole1 ,i don't suppose1 c prop]ly realize h[ mu* ! prop] tempo means 9 ! success ( a com$y4 ,9 my exp]i5ce 9 produc+ com$ies ,i h (t5 notic$ t ! slighte/ v>iation f ! prop] tempo 9 "o direction or ! o!r1 (t5 spoils ! effect ( a possible laugh4 ,a slight sl[+ d[n 9 tempo may ?r[ an entire com$y sequ5ce out ( ge>1 s to speak1 & irrep>ably weak5 its effect on ! scre54 ,too mu* spe$ 9 ! wrong place (t5 has ! same m or less disa/r\s results4 8,a play] c spoil a dramatic or com$y effect by tak+ too mu* "t to walk out ( a room or go+ out ( x too quickly4 ,he c spoil x by all[+ ! expression ( 8 face to *ange too quickly or too sl[ly4 ,^! in/ances are practical examples ( :at tempo means4 ,a director has to wat* 8 play]s con/antly 9 ord] to prev5t su* slips4 ,!y dem& p>ticul>ly close wat*+ :5 !y are n exp]i5c$ 9 pictures1 say :5 !y h be5 recruit$ f ! legitimate /age4 8,if anyone seeks an actual demon/ration ( :at ! lack ( att5tion to tempo means to a picture1 let him g to see "o ( ! v>i\s *eap slap/ick com$ies s (t5 produc$4 ,he c f9d !m by /e]+ cle> ( ! !atres t %[ ! well kn[n com$y br&s produc$ by ! lead+ produc]s4 ,:5 he f9ds "o ( ! o!rs he w imm$iately "k x because he w see ! famili> old *ase sc5es done 9 rank1 amateuri% /yle4 ,! p 9 ! *ase w g fa/ 9 "o sc5e & sl[ 9 ! next4 ,! director didn't "k h[ to a*ieve ! effect he want$4 ,he probably ?\ght do+ a *ase picture 0 ! m]e job ( tell+ "o bun* ( p to *ase ano!r bun* ( p4 ,& t is f> f all ( x40 ,all ( :i* is b "o m reason :y direct+ motion pictures isn't ! easie/ ?+ "u ! sun4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv 8,,ov]%oot+0--,,& ,,! ,,s]ial ,lack ( prop] att5tion to tempo (t5 results 9 a director f9d+ himself at a loss :5 x comes to cutt+ 8 picture4--,! sev]e task fac$ by ! director ( ! two reel episode s]ial & h[ he mu/ make e foot ( film c\nt ,illu/ration3 ,,frank ,,borzage ,,talk+ ,,ov] ,a ,,dome/ic ,,sc5e ,,) ,,se5a ,,ow5 ,,& ,j4 ,,b>ney ,,%]ry4 ,,! ,,picture ,,is 8,,back ,,pay0 ,,frank ,,borzage ,,direct+ 8,,humoresque40 ,,! ,,dictaphone ,,0 ,,us$ ,,by ,,mr4 ,,borzage ,,to ,,record ,,! ,,complete ,,cont9uity ,,in/ead ,,( ,,hav+ ,,! ,,manuscript ,,hold] ,,use ,,/5ographic ,,notes ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,types ,,9 ,,frank ,,borzage',s 8,,get ,,ri* ,,quick ,,wall+=d0 ,,are ,,recognizable ,,to ,,all ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,tempo is su* an intricate subject t ! m t is said ( x1 ! m x obtrudes itself on ! matt] ( direct+4 ,if a director isn't c>eful1 wat*+ ! progress ( ! v>i\s episodes ( 8 picture & measur+ _! importance & actual l5g? 9 8 m9d's eye1 he is liable to h too mu* mat]ial on h& :5 he comes to ! task ( 8cutt+0 8 picture4 ,! cutt+ & ! edit+ ( a picture pres5t toge!r "o ( ! mo/ difficult processes ?r\gh :i* x goes be=e rea*+ ! public4 ,& :ile cutt+ & edit+ are n exactly "p ( a director's duties1 he ex]cises a c]ta9 am\nt ( sup]vision ov] ! process because 9 x 8 "w is f9i%$ (f & poli%$4 ,! cutt+ & edit+ ( sc5es is ! process ( putt+ !m toge!r 9 ! prop] sequ5ces & trimm+ (f unnecess>y footage s t ! picture approa*es ! prop] l5g?4 ,skill$ cutt+ & edit+1 c>ry+ ) x a c>eful appreciation ( ! director's "w1 c sometimes r$eem a picture t seems hopelessly bad4 ,likewise lack ( skill & appreciation 9 ! cutt+ & edit+ process sometimes 8kills0 a picture4 ,b :5 a director has fail$ to prop]ly gauge ! tempo ( ! v>i\s sequ5ces t g to make up a picture1 !re is all sorts ( tr\ble :5 ! f9i%+ (f & poli%+ process is />t$4 ,! director may h all[$ too mu* space = ea* ( 8 episodes & ?us :5 ! edit+ />ts1 ! director or ! editor f9ds x next to impossible to br+ ! picture d[n to ! requir$ l5g? )\t mutilat+ ! :ole4 ,( c\rse1 ! ideal /ate ( affairs w\ld be to p]mit ! picture to run its natural l5g?4 ,!n !re w\ld be no tr\ble at all ab\t directors' ov]%oot+4 ,h[ev]1 ?is w\ld lead to pictures be+ unnecess>ily long z !re w\ld always be directors :o w\ld abuse su* a privilege4 ,! l5g? ( ! av]age feature is1 h[ev]1 ela/ic en\gh to p]mit a director to err a ?\s& feet or s 9 8 judgm5t z to ! l5g? ( a /ory & /ill be safe4 ,feature pictures run any:]e f =ty-five hundr$ feet to six ?\s& feet4 ,! av]age l5g? is five ?\s& feet1 h5ce ! t]m 8five reel]40 ,& mo/ /ories c be told easily en\gh )9 ! av]age five reels4 ,!re is "o critic :o claims t no /ory is big en\gh to consume m ?an five reels ( film4 ,he is pretty ne>ly "r1 at t4 ,b ) all ^! footages kn[n be=e h& !re are directors :o w s misjudge ! tempo ( ! picture sequ5ces & :o w s misjudge ! importance ( sequ5ces & include 9 !m m sc5es ?an are necess>y 7^! directors are usually ! ones :o "w )\t a cont9uity71 t :5 !y h f9i%$ ) ! cam]a "w on a picture1 !y f9d !mselves ) too mu* footage on h& & =c$ into ! necessity ( cutt+ out mu* ( ! /ory value ( _! picture4 ,"o ( ! mo/ arti/ic pictures produc$ dur+ ! la/ ye>1 a picture adapt$ f a brace ( novels ( univ]sal fame 0 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 spoil$ because ! director 8ov]%ot0 v>i\s phases ( ! /ory4 ,:5 he _h cut x z mu* z he 0 able1 :5 he _h br\ght x d[n to t5 ?\s& feet1 x 0 q p]fect4 ,& he 0 unable to cut x d[n fur!r because ea* fur!r cut he made on x w\ld h be5 l /ick+ a knife 9 himself & twi/+ x4 ,x takes m ?an c\rage = a director to cut out a sc5e ov] :i* he may h labor$ = h\rs at a "t4 ,h[ev]1 ! public1 ?r\gh ! !atre own]s1 has decl>$ itself z g5]ally oppos$ to pictures tak+ m ?an an h\r & a half to run unless !y provide "s rem>kably effective su/a9+ int]e/4 ,z ?is picture lack$ spectacul> quality & 0 nev] sma%+ly dramatic x _h to be cut d[n to av]age l5g? & 9 ?is f9al cutt+ mu* t 0 good ab\t x 0 remov$ & disc>d$4 ,mo/ directors1 h[ev]1 c judge _! tempo & _! footage to be sure n to run into su* tr\ble4 ,! real difficulty on ?is score comes :5 ! %ort two reel picture is made & p>ticul>ly ! s]ial picture s popul> 9 "s !atres today4 ,9 ! direction ( a s]ial1 ea* *apt] ( :i* is usually told 9 two ?\s& feet ( film1 or two-fif?s z mu* z is allott$ ! av]age feature picture1 ! director is fac$ ) ! necessity ( mak+ e foot ( film conta9 ei!r plot int]e/ or action int]e/4 ,pictorial beauty1 *>act]ization1 atmosph]e1 qualities :i* sometimes assi/ ! int]e/ ( a feature picture to a great ext5t1 are disc>d$ f ! slighte/ contemplation 9 ! direction ( a s]ial1 ev5 z simil> elem5ts are disc>d$ 9 ! writ+ ( ! magaz9e s]ial /ory4 ,s x is 9 ! production ( ! ev]-popul> rapid-fire1 ?rill s]ial t ! matt] ( tempo is ( ! utmo/ importance to ! director4 ,if he takes a little too long 9 picturiz+ a c]ta9 sequ5ce1 :]e does he /&8 ,he c't resort to ! practice ( ! feature director1 t is cutt+ out a few sc5es "h & !re t he may h includ$ = _! pictorial quality or = _! atmosph]e4 ,he c't d ?is because he has exclud$ ^? sc5es 9 ! fir/ place4 ,e foot ( 8 film is giv5 ov] to plot & action int]e/4 ,s x may be se5 t ?is "q ( tempo ent]s importantly into ! director's "w4 ,incid5tally ! s]ial director's job is an exce$+ly difficult "o4 ,(t5 9 ! two reels all[$ him he mu/ tell z mu* if n m /ory ?an is usually told 9 ! five reel feature4 ,he mu/ con/antly keep ! action go+ at a break-neck spe$4 ,he c seldom let a play] /& /ill = ! %ort space ( a half m9ute4 ,ev]yone is con/antly on ! move4 ,! plot & ! action dem& x4 ,! *>act]s ( ! /ory mu/ be *>act]iz$ by plot & action4 ,!re is no space = ! human t\*es & ! *>act]ization by little details4 ,n 9 a motion picture s]ial4 ,9 addition mu* ( ! s]ial's action proce$s at an extraord9>y rate ( spe$4 ,! rate is h>dly natural at all4 ,! director mu/ adapt himself to ?is /rictly s]ial way ( do+ ?+s4 ,?is ultra-spe$ is p>ticul>ly noticeable :5 x comes to ! big ?rill1 ! big pun* sc5e :i* usually closes an episode ( a s]ial4 ,"h ! action assumes almo/ lightn+ l rapidity4 ,! director mu/ =ce 8 play]s to ! limit ( _! capacity = spe$4 ,if 9 8 sc5es ( plot int]e/ !re 0 n a half m9ute to be lo/ "h 9 ^! sc5es !re is n a half second to be lo/4 ,! s]ial director works d[n to ! l9e & doesn't all[ himself mu* to sp>e on "o side ( x or ! o!r4 ,s1 x may be se51 if he isn't a good judge ( tempo he is liable to f9d himself 9 ! v deuce ( a mix :5 he comes to cut & edit 8 episodes4 ,if he has all[$ too mu* film = a c]ta9 incid5t !re usually isn't mu* to d b cut ! entire incid5t out & cov] ! hole ) a subtitle4 ,if1 by any *ance1 he has n all[$ en\gh space = 8 action1 ! episode appe>s hurri$1 awkw>d1 jumbl$1 h>d to foll[4 ,& if he has sl[$ "s sc5es d[n a bit s t he w h ! prop] footage :5 x comes to ?is cutt+ & edit+1 8 audi5ces w jump on him = try+ to 8pad out0 ! picture4 ,s1 difficult z is ! task t confronts ! director ( ! five reel dramatic or humor\s subject1 ! task t confronts ! director ( ! s]ial mu/ ne$s be set d[n z m difficult /ill4 ,! only reason :y ! s]ial director is n giv5 great] position 9 ?is volume is t ! dem&s ( 8 audi5ces & ! limitations ( 8 footage1 p]mit him to attempt little t is reg>d$ 9 a s]i\s way by audi5ces ( ta/e & discrim9ation4 ,! av]age feature picture c be summ$ up on its m]its on ! day t x is %[n b1 8features may come & features may g1 b s]ials run on =ev]0 & consequ5tly no "o c attempt to sum up a s]ial 9 "o sitt+4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,?omas ,h4 ,,ince ,a survey ( ! ,ince me?od ( production ) due realization ( ! fact t he /akes ev]y?+ on ! picture cont9uity4--,pro( ( 8 success & a few ( ! reasons = x ) an anecdote ab\t a c]ta9 director :o w\ldn't play ball ) ,mr4 ,ince ,,*apt] ,,xv ,z a g5]al rule !re is no love lo/ betwe5 directors & sc5>io writ]s4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case 9 ! big produc+ companies :]e directors "w m or less on a s*$ule1 an ela/ic s*$ule to be sure1 b nev]!less a s*$ule4 ,9 ^! companies a director seldom has a *ance to co-op]ate ) ! sc5>io writ] on ! con/ruction ( a cont9uity4 ,sometimes he has compla9ts on x :i* are nev] tak5 up & discuss$ due to lack ( "t4 ,z a result ! director blames ! sc5>io writ] = ! mi/akes 9 ! f9i%$ picture4 ,) ! case ( ! directors :o h prov5 !mselves 9 an arti/ic way1 x w be f\nd t ! majority ( !m h mu* to say ab\t ! h&l+ ( _! /ories 9 cont9uity =m4 ,!y ei!r actually co-op]ate on ! writ+ ( ! cont9uity f :i* !y are to "w or !y claim to disc>d cont9uities altoge!r & "w f notes1 a brief synopsis or--f ! head4 ,bo? ! ,de ,milles h mu* to say ab\t ! writ+ ( cont9uities f :i* !y "w4 ,z a consequ5ce :5 x comes to ! actual task ( direct+ !y are deal+ ) _! own ideas4 ,x has be5 relat$ h[ ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? pref]s to "w )\t a cont9uity & 8 reasons !re=e4 ,frank ,borzage is a *ampion = ! cont9uity synopsis1 a runn+ acc\nt ( ! plot1 undivid$ into sc5es4 ,_m o!r directors pref] ?is me?od1 divid+ _! pictures into ! desir$ & natural numb] ( sc5es dur+ actual "w4 ,all su* directors claim t to foll[ a sc5e numb]$ cont9uity ?r\gh directly results 9 a me*anical picture4 ,l ! ,de ,milles !y claim t to produce su* a picture well1 !y mu/ also h a h& 9 ! writ+ ( ! me*anical cont9uity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,h4 ,,ince ,,wat*+ ,,"o ,,( ,,8 ,,companies ,,at ,,"w ,,:ile ,,! ,,cam]as ,,click ,,m]rily ,,above ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,h&l+ ,,( ,a ,,giant ,,megaphone ,,is ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,?+s ,a ,,director ,,le>ns4 ,,obs]ve ,,?omas ,h4 ,,ince',s ,,skill ,on ! face ( x ! argum5ts ( ^! directors seem s\nd4 ,b x is easy en\gh to take ! o!r side ( ! "q & riddle ! argum5ts completely4 ,! /& c be tak5 t ! motion picture director p]=ms no o!r functions ?an ^? p]=m$ by ! /age director4 ,& _m & _m a /age director has turn$ out productions ( arti/ic wor? by m]ely foll[+ ! au?or's manuscript4 ,few /age directors decl9e to direct a ,%akespe>ean production = ! reason t !y didn't h a h& 9 ! writ+ ( ! play4 ,:i* br+s up ! me?ods employ$ by ,?omas ,h4 ,ince1 probably ! mo/ successful produc+-director 9 ! entire field ( motion pictures4 ,mr4 ,ince is at ! head ( a numb] ( produc+ units4 ,he has a c]ta9 numb] ( directors mak+ pictures = him4 ,ov] ! "w ( ^! m5 he ex]cises an actual sup]vision4 ,& :5 a director works = ,mr4 ,ince he does :at ,mr4 ,ince tells him to d4 ,mr4 ,ince is "o ( ! vet]ans ( ! picture produc+ craft4 ,he has develop$ m />s1 p]haps1 ?an any o!r man 9 ! field today4 ,william ,s4 ,h>t1 ,*>les ,ray1 ,doro?y ,dalton & ,l\ise ,glaum are ! brighte/ ( ^? he has br\ght out4 ,& ! secret ( ,?omas ,h4 ,ince's greatness1 :e!r he admits x himself or n1 is ! m9ute att5tion he pays to ! matt] ( prep>+ ! cont9uities ( ! pictures f :i* 8 directors "w4 ,probably ,mr4 ,ince pays m att5tion to ?is prep>ation ( a cont9uity ?an does any o!r produc]4 ,9 8 op9ion ! great] "p ( ! "w ( produc+ a picture has be5 complet$ :5 ! cont9uity is 9 f9al %ape to h& to ! director4 ,equipp$ ) ! p[] ( visualization to a rem>kable degree ,mr4 ,ince & 8 production manag] ?or\ghly scrut9ize ! cont9uity :5 x is h&$ !m by a memb] ( ! sc5>io dep>tm5t4 ,e po9t 9 ! /ory1 & e po9t 9 its developm5t at ! h&s ( ! cont9uity writ] is discuss$4 ,z a rule :5 ! cont9uity is return$ to its au?or !re are a numb] ( alt]ations & *anges to be made4 ,& :5 ^! are made ,mr4 ,ince goes ov] ! script aga94 ,sometimes ?is int]*ange ( ideas is c>ri$ on betwe5 ,mr4 ,ince & 8 sc5>io dep>tm5t = six or eight times be=e ! cont9uity is 9 f9al %ape = ! director4 ,!n :5 ! director f9ally does receive ! manuscript he f9ds "s su* ord] z ?is /amp$ across its face3 8,produce ?is exactly z writt560 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! arbitr>y dem& ( an autocrat4 ,if ! director sees a place :]e a *ange w "w "s good to ! /ory he has ! privilege ( plac+ ! matt] be=e ,mr4 ,ince himself4 ,b = ! mo/ "p ! ,ince cont9uities are s ?or\ghly gone ov] be=e plac+ !m 9 ! h&s ( ! directors t few if any *anges = ! bett] sugge/ !mselves4 ,!re=e :5 ! ,ince director />ts to "w on ! picture he is c>ry+ out ! ideas ( ! cont9uity writ] & 8 *ief to ! mo/ m9ute detail4 ,8 is ! bus9ess ( direct+ ! picture1 n ( creat+ x 9 ! broade/ s5se ( ! words4 ,n[ accord+ to o!r directors :o insi/ t su* a me?od ( proc$ure produces me*anical results1 is responsible = a "w lack+ 9 inspiration & all ! f9] qualities t g to make a picture1 & degrades ! director into ! position ( a m]e cl]k1 ,mr4 ,ince's pictures w\ld be ! wor/ ! art has to (f]4 ,! fact t !y are ! mo/ consi/5tly m]itori\s t ! art has to (f] w\ld seem to refute ! argum5ts br\ght up by ^! o!rs completely4 ,s :at is ! answ]8 ,griffi? produces good pictures aft] 8 me?od4 ,borzage & a numb] ( o!rs produce good pictures aft] ! same me?ods1 or me?ods practically ! same4 ,& ,mr4 ,ince1 h&s 8 director a cont9uity divid$ /rictly into sc5es1 ea* cam]a angle is numb]$ & = a purpose1 = ! director to g out & make all ^! cam]a angles1 ^! sc5es1 j z ,mr4 ,ince ord]$ him to4 ,! answ] is1 aft] all1 q simple4 ,mr4 ,ince has capabilities mat*$ by no o!r director 9 ! produc+ art4 ,"o ( 8 capabilities may be mat*$ "h & !re b nev] all ( !m by ano!r individual4 ,?us ,mr4 ,ince & 8 sc5>io dep>tm5t are ! creators ( ,ince pictures4 ,! directors he employs c>ry out 8 ideas4 ,& ^! directors1 :ile ! above argum5t may prove !m m]e automatons1 are 9 reality skill$ m51 arti/s = ! mo/ "p1 v]s$ 9 all ! niceties ( picture produc+4 ,! fact t ! majority ( !m1 :5 !y h left ,mr4 ,ince's fold1 h succe$$ on _! own sep>ate acc\nts1 is pro( ( t4 ,! matt]1 !re=e1 simm]s d[n to ?is simple problem4 ,c a produc+ organization turn out bett] pictures ?an an individual director8 ,! solution ( ! problem is 9 ! foll[+ qualifi$ /atem5t3 ,yes1 :5 ! produc+ organization is head$ by ,?omas ,h4 ,ince4 ,mr4 ,ince's qualifications = su* lead]%ip are manifold4 ,to beg9 )1 he is1 naturally1 a born lead] ( m54 ,if *ance _h l$ him into ! bus9ess _w in/ead ( ! art ( motion picture produc+ he might well be a bank director or a railroad (ficial4 ,he w\ld "k 8 bus9ess ?or\ghly :atev] x 0 & !n w\ld proce$ ) ! utmo/ confid5ce 9 8 own k4 ,( c\rse he w\ld make mi/akes ev5 z he has made "s few mi/akes 9 picture produc+ b m (t5 ! rev]se f mi/akes w\ld be ! case4 ,anyone famili> ) ,mr4 ,ince w talk = h\rs on 8 magnetic p]sonality4 ,x is a p]sonality t few1 if any1 seem able to resi/4 ,?us he is able to give ord]s & h !m c>ri$ out to ! lett] )\t giv+ (f5se4 ,x seems t giv+ ord]s )\t accompany+ !m by a modicum ( (f5se is a pretty h>d ?+ to d4 ,doz5s ( m5 9 ! craft ( picture produc+ w\ld trade almo/ any?+ !y've got = ?is ability ( ,mr4 ,ince's4 ,on top ( ^! qualities1 invaluable f :atev] angle ( bus9ess or art t !y are approa*$ is ,mr4 ,ince's ?or\gh k ( mak+ pictures4 ,?is k is n conf9$ to "o dep>tm5t ( production1 nor does he specialize 9 a s+le dep>tm5t ( production4 ,he is conv]sant ) e dep>tm5t & is able to consid] ea* "o 9 its prop] light1 to value x prop]ly1 p>ticul>ly ) its relation to ! o!rs4 ,/ill !re are ! individuali/s t oppose ,mr4 ,ince & belittle 8 me?ods4 ,he doesn't bo!r ab\t !m (t5 z he employs directors :o are will+ to "w into 8 s*eme ( production & ^! = ! mo/ "p h be5 ri*ly rew>d$4 ,!re is an int]e/+ /ory 9 connection ) "o individuali/ic director1 ^: "n %all be kept a secret = 8 own sake1 & ! ,ince organization4 ,x appe>s t ,mr4 ,ince _h sign$ ?is director to a contract )\t inquir+ into 8 will+ness to "w along ! prescrib$ ,ince l9es4 ,! cont9uity ( a com$y-drama 0 h&$ him %ortly aft] 8 arrival at ! /udio & he 0 told t ev]y?+ 0 9 read9ess = him to beg9 "w4 ,! director read ! cont9uity & address$ himself to ,mr4 ,ince some:at z foll[s3 8,y don't expect me to produce ?is1 d y8 ,:y ?is cont9uity is s bad t x c\ldn't possibly turn out to be a good picture4 ,i won't make x60 ,mr4 ,ince1 ) ! director's "n fa/5$ on ! end ( a contract1 is alleg$ to h repli$ ) a c]ta9 degree ( =cefulness3 8,y w produce x40 ,! argum5t w5t back & =?4 ,! director want$ to "w b he didn't want to "w 9 ! ,ince mann]4 ,mr4 ,ince's pride & temp] 7 und\bt$ly /irr$ & he insi/$ t ! director produce ! picture along ! l9es prescrib$ by him4 ,f9ally an agreem5t 0 rea*$4 ,! director condesc5d$ to produce ! picture on condition t :5 x 0 produc$ 8 "n 0 to be left (f x z director4 ,mr4 ,ince acc$$ to ?is dem&4 ,to d ! director cr$it he !n w5t ab\t 8 "w s9c]ely4 ,mr4 ,ince wat*$ him c>efully & realiz$ t he 0 do+ 8 be/1 ?\gh /ill believ+ ! cause 0 hopeless4 ,! director1 :5 he f9i%$ "w1 0 dismiss$ f :atev] fur!r t]ms 7 conta9$ 9 ! contract4 ,& s ! picture 0 put be=e ! public )\t ! individuali/ic director's "n ^u x4 ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ successful pictures ev] releas$4 ,x 0 an irresi/ible com$y-drama & ev]yone :o saw x fairly revell$ 9 x4 ,! director :5 he realiz$ h[ he _h talk$ himself out ( cr$it = "o ( ! art's be/ pictures mu/ h frett$ & fum$ consid]ably4 ,equally gall+ mu/ h be5 ! l>ge adv]tis+ bills he receiv$ = po9t+ out ! fact to ! motion picture trade 9 l>ge ann\ncem5ts t he _h direct$ ! picture4 ,= ,mr4 ,ince _h liv$ up to ! agreem5t to ! lett]4 ,he _h n only left ! director's "n (f ! picture b _h remov$ x f all adv]tis+ z well4 ,mr4 ,ince _h 8 little joke4 ,& probably ! director doesn't c>e mu* n[ anyway4 ,he is a success ) ano!r company & is /ill say+ t he c't make good pictures f a cont9uity on :i* he didn't "w himself4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,directors ,,s*ool$ ,,by ,,ince ,a p>tial li/ ( directors s*ool$ "u ,?omas ,h4 ,ince :o h made successes z individuali/s else:]e & :o1 because ( _! successes1 are actual refutations ( ! argum5t t ,mr4 ,ince turns out m]e picture me*anics & c>p5t]s1 n arti/ic creators ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,h4 ,,ince1 ,,among ,,8 ,,o!r ,,accompli%m5ts1 ,,c ,,%[ ,,an ,,actor ,,h[ ,,to ,,p]=m ,,9 ,a ,,sc5e ,,& ,,(t5 ,,does ,illu/ration3 ,,m>y ,,pick=d',s ,,v]sion ,,( 8,,little ,,"l ,,fauntl]oy0 ,,is ,a ,,cr$itable ,,v]sion ,,( ,,! ,,fam\s ,,/ory4 ,,! ,,atmosph]e ,,communicat$ ,,to ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,sc5es ,,by ,,! ,,director1 ,,play$ ,,an ,,important ,,"p ,,9 ,,! ,,picture',s ,,success ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,^? :o cry d[n ! me?ods employ$ by ,?omas ,h4 ,ince ) respect to ! directors :o "w 9 8 /udio (t5 /ate t ! ,ince s*ool ( direct+ snuffs out any orig9al ideas t a director may possess & makes him a m]e picture me*anic1 capable only ( turn+ out me*anical & un9t]e/+ pictures4 ,& le/ x be ?\ght t suffici5t pro( hasn't be5 (f]$ to c\nt]act ?is argum5t "s few ( ! directors :o />t$ "u ! e>ly ,ince regime & left to make _! m>ks z individuali/s else:]e are m5tion$ "h4 ,!re is ,reg9ald ,b>k]1 long on ! ,ince /aff1 :o until rec5tly 0 employ$ at ! ,goldwyn /udios & :o 0 entru/$ ) ! direction ( _m ( _! mo/ important /ories & />s4 ,! facts & records po9t to only "o conclusion1 t ,mr4 ,b>k] has direct$ "s ( ! mo/ successful pictures made by ! ,goldwyn company & is "o ( ! mo/ reliable m5 9 ! field today4 ,!re is ,fr$ ,niblo :o aft] a %ort session at ! ,ince /udio turn$ 8 en]gy else:]e4 ,mr4 ,niblo happ5s to be ! man :o direct$ ,d\glas ,fairbanks 9 ! highly successful 8,?ree ,muskete]s40 ,no "o1 )9 or )\t ! field ( motion pictures1 has once /at$ t 8,! ,?ree ,muskete]s0 appe>s to be ! "w ( an automaton4 ,!re is ,r4 ,william ,neill1 :o1 s9ce he left ! ,ince s*ool "s sev]al ye>s ago has be5 h>d put to x to accept all ! positions he has _h (f]$ him4 ,o!r picture produc]s are n 9 ! habit ( seek+ a man to fill ! responsible position ( director :5 he c only c>ry out ! def9ite ord]s ( 8 sup]ior4 ,!re is ,j]ome ,/orm :o :ile ) ! ,ince organization made a big "n = himself by direct+ _m ( ! pictures 9 :i* ,*>les ,ray appe>$4 ,mr4 ,/orm left ,mr4 ,ince :5 ,mr4 ,ray left him4 ,mr4 ,/orm direct$ ,mr4 ,ray's fir/ indep5d5t picture4 ,mr4 ,ray1 s9ce he has be5 direct+ 8 own pictures1 %[s sadly ! lack ( ,mr4 ,/orm's guid+ h&4 ,& ,mr4 ,/orm has _h v>i\s positions s9ce leav+ ,mr4 ,ray--9 fact1 has _h q z _m z he c\ld well take c>e (4 ,!re is ,victor ,%]tz+] :o :ile ) ,mr4 ,ince also made "s v good ,*>les ,ray pictures4 ,) ! ,goldwyn company he made an enviable reputation = himself z a director ( light com$y & prov$ m successful 9 h&l+ ,mabel ,norm& ?an any o!r director ) ! sole exception ( ,mack ,s5nett himself4 ,mr4 ,%]tz+] is n[ at ! head ( 8 own produc+ company4 ,a difficult po/ = a man to a*ieve :o is no m ?an a m]e me*anic tak+ ord]s f a produc+ g5ius su* z ,mr4 ,ince6 ,!re is ,lamb]t ,hilly]1 :o ) ?is writ+ is back ) ,mr4 ,ince aft] sev]al ye>s 9 ! s]vice ( ,william ,s4 ,h>t1 direct+ & writ+ ! majority ( t />'s pictures4 ,mr4 ,h>t w\ld h>dly pick a me*anical n9compoop to direct 8 scre5 ef=ts :i* are consid]ably important bo? to ,mr4 ,h>t & ! public at l>ge4 ,!re is ,frank ,borzage himself :o 0 ) ,mr4 ,ince a long "t z an actor & :o _h ample opportunity to absorb 8 sy/em ( direct+4 ,& ,mr4 ,borzage1 z has be5 previ\sly /at$1 is q a wor?y director4 ,!re is ,rol& ,lee1 "o ( ! y\ng] directors1 develop$ by ,mr4 ,ince :o only rec5tly left him & :o imm$iately made a "n = himself direct+ "s ,hob>t ,boswor? pictures & :o at ?is writ+ is ) ! ,goldwyn company h&l+ ! directorial end ( "s ( t company's mo/ important pictures4 ,?is is an array ( directors r difficult to mat*4 ,& if x 0 tri$ to mat* x f a li/ ( directors turn$ out by any o!r produc+-director or any o!r produc+ organization1 ! poor fell[ :o tri$ w\ld f9d himself 9 = a life's job4 ,to "w 9 ! ,ince s*ool ( direct+ is1 inde$1 ! luckie/ ?+ t c befall a director4 ,in/ead ( mak+ him an insignificant employe1 m]ely c>ry+ out ! "w mapp$ out by ! man high] up1 x tea*es him ?or\ghly all bran*es ( picture direct+ s t :5 he /rikes out = himself he is f> bett] able to approa* ! excell5ce a*iev$ by 8 =m] sup]ior ?an he w\ld be )\t su* s*ool+4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,:o ,,creates ,a ,,picture8 ,:]e9 x is %[n t ! cont9uity writ] & n ! director is ! actual creator ( ! motion picture 9 its motion picture =m4--,pro( is (f]$ by ! directors !mselves :o1 p]haps unwitt+ly1 h previ\sly %[n t ! cont9uity writ] is ! beg9n+ ( ev]y?+ 9 ! /udio ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,s mu* discussion has be5 set d[n 9 ^! pages reg>d+ ! results obta9$ :5 a director prep>es 8 own cont9uity or :5 he works )\t a cont9uity 9 8 h&2 & x has be5 expla9$ t a l>ge numb] ( directors produce ! be/ results :5 !y collaborate ) _! cont9uity writ]s1 t ! "q naturally arises z to :o is ! actual creator ( ! motion pictures se5 on ! !atre scre5s4 ,is ! director ! creator8 ,or is ! cont9uity writ] ! creator8 ,?is is a "q t c't be answ]$ )\t giv+ immeasurable (f5se to ! "o gr\p ( arti/s or ! o!r4 ,e director w publicly ann\nce t he & 8 fell[s are ! creators4 ,& e cont9uity writ] w ann\nce ! same ?+4 ,hav+ _h consid]able exp]i5ce 9 ! cont9uity l9e & nev] hav+ direct$ a picture1 ,i w probably be accus$ ( bias :5 ,i side ) ! writ+ m54 ,h[ev]1 ! facts ( ! case seem to po9t solely to ! conclusion t ! writ]s are ! creators4 ,! v directors :o decl9e to foll[ a writt5 cont9uity 9 _! "w give p>ticul> significance to ?is /atem5t4 ,x has be5 %[n t ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? & a numb] ( 8 less] disciples decl9e to use a cont9uity on ! gr\nd t x cramps _! orig9ality4 ,!y c't make a good picture foll[+ ano!r man's cont9uity4 ,:at bett] answ] c\ld be f\nd ?an t 9 answ] ( ! "q1 8,:o is ! creator ( a picture80 ,bo? ! ,de ,milles are frank ) ! /atem5t t !y "w long & ardu\sly ov] ! prep>ation ( _! cont9uities4 ,!n !re is ,?omas ,h4 ,ince's me?od :i*1 z expla9$1 /resses ! importance ( ! cont9uity above all else4 ,x appe>s to be pla91 !re=e1 t ! cont9uity is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! beg9n+ ( ev]y?+ ) respect to ! motion picture4 ,( c\rse1 ! orig9al /ory comes fir/ ( all & is va/ly ! mo/ important matt] = consid]ation4 ,b ! orig9al1 z a g5]al rule1 is n a picture /ory4 ,f ! orig9al /ory ! cont9uity writ] creates ! picture4 ,! cont9uity writ] ?9ks 9 pictures4 ,if he is effici5t he is able to visualize 8 "w z he goes along4 ,:5 he has f9i%$ 8 task he has a complet$ picture 9 8 m9d4 ,& if 8 cont9uity is a p]fect "w he has a complet$ picture on pap]4 ,&1 /ill fur!r1 if ! director is capable ( visualiz+1 he disc]ns ?is complet$ picture t lies be=e him on pap] & proce$s to transf] x to ! celluloid4 ,! man :o c>ries out ! plans = ! con/ruction ( a giant build+ or ( a subway1 ! man :o does ! actual build+ ( a great %ip or ! man :o directs a picture1 are n ! creators ( _! "w4 ,! creators are ! m5 :o draw up ! plans4 ,! reason :y directors claim t !y c't get ! be/ results work+ ) ano!r man's cont9uity is t !y realize t direct+ has its limitations4 ,to actually create !y mu/ invade ! field ( creation4 ,& s ! ,griffi?s & ! ,de ,milles invade ! cont9uity writ]s' field & d creat+ on _! own acc\nts4 ,& "s ( !m1 ( c\rse1 are creators ( excell5ce4 ,!n1 ^! matt]s grant$1 :y bo!r ab\t ! cont9uity writ]1 x may be ask$4 ,)\t go+ to ! def5se ( ^! greatly abus$ fell[s x may be emphatically /at$ t )\t ! cont9uity writ] ! directors w\ld f9d _! "w greatly det]iorat+4 ,9 ! field ( production today !re are c]ta9 directors :o insi/ on do+ _! own cont9uities1 :o refuse ev5 ! slighte/ assi/ance or sugge/ion f an outside s\rce4 ,_m ( ^! m5 gr[ 8/ale0 9 _! "w & turn out un9spir$ & me*anical pictures4 ,!y 8live0 ) a picture too long4 ,!y get to "k x s well t !y slight x4 ,!y "k x s well t !y ?9k ev]yone else is on ! same famili> foot+ ) x4 ,!y see x ?r\gh _! own eyes only & !y see x ?r\gh color$ glasses t oblig+ly oblit]ate all its faults & int5sify its m]its4 ,^! m5 won't let anyone t\* "o ( _! pictures 9 any process ( production4 ,!y ev5 insi/ on do+ ! actual cutt+ & edit+ ( ! film & ! writ+ ( ! subtitles4 ,_! "w is1 z a rule1 artless1 t$i\s to wat* & flat 9 ! majority ( effects /riv5 =4 ,?is condemnation ( ! man :o comb9es bo? ! arts ( writ+ = ! scre5 & direct+ is n to be tak5 )\t exception4 ,! rule is l e o!r rule & w\ldn't be a rule unless !re 7 "h & !re an exception to x4 ,s1 in/ead ( a creator ! motion picture director really f9ds himself 9 ! same position occupi$ by ! man :o sets out to translate a book f "o language into ano!r4 ,! "w has already be5 creat$ & lies be=e him ne$+ only 8 deft t\* to recreate x ?r\gh a diff]5t m$ium ?an type4 ,recreate seems to be ! prop] ^w4 ,depriv$ ( ! privilege ( call+ himself a creator1 a director c at la/ call himself a recreator4 ,& :5 a director proce$s to translate a "w ( 8 own f type to picture =m he is fill+ bo? positions4 ,h[ev]1 ! fact t he is creat+ 9 "o ( 8 capacities1 doesn't mean t he is creat+ 9 ! o!r z well4 ,?is sudd5 depriv+ ( ! director ( all aw>d 9 ! creation ( a motion picture & h&+ x to ! scre5 writ] may n seem at all j4 ,!re are directors :o w say t su* a claim is ridicul\s1 :o w say t a cont9uity writ] _c possibly be ! creator ( a picture because he doesn't "k ! exact topography ( ! ext]ior location or sett+ to be us$ z backgr\nd = ! sc5e1 :o w say t !re are hundr$s ( times :5 little pieces ( 8bus9ess0 sugge/ !mselves on ! mom5t to ! director4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,jewi% ,,types ,,9 ,,frank ,,borzage',s 8,,humoresque0 ,,h ,,become ,,_w ,,r5[n$ ,illu/ration3 8,,disraeli10 ,,direct$ ,,by ,,h5ry ,,kolk]1 ,,is ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,p]fectly ,,made ,,pictures ,,f ,,! ,,/&po9t ,,( ,,! ,,produc+ ,,art ,^! & doz5s ( o!r argum5ts w be advanc$ to riddle ! /atem5t t ! cont9uity writ] is ! creator4 ,b ! /atem5t w /ill /& z a fact4 ,! slight *anges necessitat$ :5 an ext]ior location pres5ts "s unusual topography nev] s]i\sly *ange ! plot ( ! picture4 ,! bus9ess introduc$1 if x is good bus9ess1 enri*es ! plot s mu* ! m4 ,!n if ! director wi%es he may designate himself z a decorator 9 addition to a recreator4 ,b despite all ^! words t seem to detract f ! glory ( ! director1 8 "w rema9s a high art1 trem5d\s & difficult to ma/]4 ,8 task ( translat+ f ! pr9t$ page to ! /rips ( film is no *ild's play by any mann] ( means4 ,to accompli% ?is "w he mu/ br+ into play all 8 tal5ts1 8 exp]i5ce1 8 level-head$ness1 8 judgm5t ( /ory values1 8 ability to h&le p1 8 k ( dramatic con/ruction & s on & s =?4 ,if he hasn't _m tal5ts he is liable to ke5ly feel ! lack ( !m be=e he has progress$ f> on 8 "w4 ,! fact t ! av]age director ref]s to 8 cont9uity or r somebody else's cont9uity to guide him is no reflection on 8 own ability4 ,x produces prop] balance 9 ! "w ( picture mak+ & ! director kn[s x4 ,he kn[s too t ! art ( picture mak+ is no exception to ! old rule t two heads are bett] ?an "o4 ,! be/ s*eme ( ?+s & "o :i* is foll[$ 9 _m /udios today is to h a director & a cont9uity writ] "w h& 9 h& n only on ! con/ruction ( ! picture /ory b also on ! director's end ( x--! writ] act+ 9 ! capacity ( sup]visor & advisor to ! director4 ,?is me?od ( proc$ure has produc$ "s ( ! be/ pictures rec5tly made4 ,x w\ld be ideal if human nature 9 g5]al didn't conta9 ^? qualities :i* make armies & navies necess>y & :i* make cats & dogs fight4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,music ,,9 ,,picture ,,production ,! value ( music 9 inspir+ ! prop] mood 9 a company ( play]s4--,an argum5t 9 favor ( ?is aide to ! director & ! recitation ( an occasion :]e a director w5t mad ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,_m directors use music to inspire f _! actors & actresses ! be/ p]=mances4 ,! idea is plausible & (t5 productive ( ! desir$ results4 ,(t51 too1 x is c>ri$ to extremes4 ,!re is "o q fam\s /> :o ne$s 8,he>ts & ,fl[]s0 r5d]$ 9 ! sl[e/ pit* ( melan*oly1 to satisfactorily walk across a sett+4 ,%e doesn't regi/] any deep emotion 9 ?is in/ance ei!r1 unless walk+ c be s t]m$4 ,x 0 "s "t 9 ! ye> #aiad t music 0 discov]$ z "o ( ! director's *ief aides4 ,a l>ge ballroom sc5e 0 be+ photograph$ at ! old ,?anhaus] /udio 9 ,new ,ro*elle4 ,invitations 7 s5t to memb]s ( ! press to att5d & wat* ! "w4 ,a r>e innovation 0 promis$4 ,! innovation turn$ out to be ! fact t ! ballroom danc]s actually danc$ to ! /ra9s ( an or*e/ra6 ,previ\sly picture danc]s _h be5 =c$ to rely on _! own s5se ( rhy?m4 ,s9ce !n musicians h gr[n to be almo/ z vital 9 picture mak+ z ! cam]aman or ! actors !mselves4 ,at ! /udios 9 ! e>ly morn+ appe> almo/ z _m m5 c>ry+ viol9 cases z !re are ) makeup boxes4 ,! idea isn't at all z f>-fet*$ z x may s\nd4 ,music1 m ?an all ! advice & coa*+ t a director may give 8 company1 s]ves to ca/ !m 9 ! prop] mood = a sc5e4 ,national folk dances & folk songs (f] pro( ( ?is4 ,x is a famili> sight to see memb]s ( ,lat9 & ,slavic nations1 /irr$ to ! v dep?s ( _! s\ls by ! famili> notes ( "s anci5t folk song or dance4 ,x w inspire !m to =get _! surr\nd+s & break into ab&on$ action4 ,?us1 :5 an actor or an actress is call$ ^u to d a p>ticul>ly pa!tic & emotional sc5e ^u ! scre51 ! prop] accompanim5t f musicians assi/s ! play] 9 /rik+ ! "r note 9 ! p]=mance4 ,!re are com$ians1 too1 :o employ musical inspiration4 ,h[ev]1 :5 !y are play+ a burlesque sc5e !y (t5 call = ! sl[1 te>ful music t is us$ = ! s]i\s sc5e4 ,x gives !m a bett] slant on ! burlesque elem5t 9 ! sc5e4 ,probably ! director fir/ conceiv$ ! idea ( us+ music 9 ! mak+ ( 8 pictures f ! fact t x is us$ to su* great success 9 ! pres5tation ( ! complet$ picture to ! public4 ,sometimes ! diff]5ce 9 effect 9 see+ a picture 9 ! b>e projection room ( a /udio & !n wat*+ x %[n 9 a !atre to a full or*e/ral accompanim5t is />tl+4 ,s1 rightly argu$ ! director1 if music c be employ$ to su* b5efit 9 ! exhibition ( a picture1 x c be employ$ to equal b5efit 9 ! production ( x4 ,9 a /udio :]e two or ?ree companies are work+ at ! same "t x mu/ be confess$ t ! effect ( ! v>i\s or*e/ras is m or less confus+4 ,! actors & actresses w\ld be do+ q ! "r ?+ if !y w5t altoge!r insane4 ,i 0 9 a l>ge /udio 9 ! we/ only rec5tly :5 a cab>et sc5e 0 be+ film$ on "o set to ! wilde/ ( jazz tunes4 ,imm$iately to "o side ( x !re 0 a subdu$ly light$ *ur* sc5e1 :]e9 h]o & h]o9e 71 = purposes ( pictures1 go+ ?r\gh ! m>riage c]emony4 ,! man :o 0 play+ ! little melodion = ?is sc5e 0 hav+ a furi\s "t try+ to make himself he>d above ! t5 piece jazz b& only a few feet away4 ,! director ( ! *ur* sc5e f9ally decid$ to await ! "t :5 ! director ( ! cab>et sc5e paus$ betwe5 8takes0 ( 8 picture4 ,he ?\ght he _h hit ! "r mom5t & 0 half way ?r\gh 8 quiet m>riage :5 8zim-boom-bang0 ! jazz]s 7 at x aga94 ,! la/ ,i saw ( ! poor *ur* director he 0 le>n+ ! late/ dance /eps f ! actor :o play$ ! m9i/]4 ,yes1 _m motion picture directors turn gray prematurely4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,j ,,suppose ,d y actually "k :at y c\ld be up aga9/ if tomorr[ y 7 giv5 ! opportunity to direct a picture8 ,:at d y "k ab\t light1 cam]a angles1 makeup1 exits & entrances8 ,c\ld y successfully dom9ate ! /age be=e a company ( wise pr(essionals8 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,practically anyone :o has giv5 any ?\ght1 :e!r s]i\s or n1 to picture production1 ?9ks deep d[n 9 8 he>t t he c\ld direct j z well if n bett] ?an ! fell[s t are direct+4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 8 fancy turns 9 ! direction ( writ+ = ! scre51 he is c]ta9 t he c\ld write a bett] photoplay ?an ! 8creatures ( luck0 :o are writ+ photoplays4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is human nature & c nev] be *ang$4 ,b j suppose1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t y read] 7y repres5t+ 9 ?is in/ance "o ( ^? ev]yones :o kn[s he c direct z well if n bett] ?an ! next fell[72 j suppose y are giv5 y\r opportunity to direct4 ,j suppose t tomorr[ morn+ y are to />t y\r fir/ picture4 ,y h read y\r cont9uity ov] & aga91 y h assembl$ y\r ca/1 y h se5 to x t ! fir/ sett+ con/ruct$ 9 ! /udio is to y\r lik+4 ,tomorr[ y beg9 "w on actual production4 ,y arrive at ! /udio at n9e o'clock 7= directors h to keep h\rs l ev]yone else1 y "k7 & y /ep briskly out ( y\r lim\s9e & proce$ to y\r (fice1 :]e1 aft] dive/+ y\rself ( out] g>m5ts1 y read aga9 ! sc5es y are to beg9 "w ^u4 ,foll[+ ?is y /ep briskly ^u ! /udio /age & f9d y\r company wait+ = y 7provid+1 ( c\rse1 t ! /> hasn't decid$ to become temp]am5tal & be an h\r late ! fir/ morn+74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,race ,,track ,,sc5e ,,9 8,,turn ,,to ,,! ,,"r10 ,,direct$ ,,by ,,rex ,,+ram ,,rex ,,+ram ,,direct+ ,a 8,,bit0 ,,( 8,,! ,,f\r ,,horsem540 ,,! ,,:ite ,,canvas ,,squ>e ,,is ,a ,,reflector1 ,,us$ ,,9 ,,ext]ior ,,sc5es ,,to ,,give ,,! ,,play]s ,,! ,,full ,,b5efit ,,( ,,! ,,sunlight ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,meighan ,,& 8,,all ,,h&s ,,& ,,feet0 ,,9 ,,! ,,sc5e ,,f 8,,cappy ,,ricks0 ,,:]e9 ,,! ,,latt] ,,pr(ess$ ,,8 ,,ignorance ,,( ,,! ,,correct ,,mann] ,,9 ,,:i* ,,to ,,fall ,,d[n ,y glance ov] ! sett+ to see :e!r ev]y?+ is %ip-%ape & 9 read9ess4 ,p]haps x is & p]haps x isn't4 ,p]haps du/ has accumulat$ on ! libr>y table ov] night & p]haps aga9 ! prop]ty boy has =gott5 to remove x4 7,mu/ a director bo!r ab\t su* little details8 ,inde$1 ! director mu/74 ,! du/ remov$ y turn y\r att5tion to ! lights4 ,are ! 8banks0 9 ! "r place8 7,( c\rse1 y "k t a 8bank0 is ! mov+ mass ( light t is flood$ 9 f ! side ( ! sett+74 ,y g into consultation ) ! cam]aman & ! *ief electrician to det]m9e :e!r !y are 9 ! "r place or n4 ,& y mu/n't betray any ignorance ab\t ! plac+ ( ! lights to ^! m54 ,if y d y\r /&+ ) !m beg9s dim9i%+ ev5 be=e y h begun "w4 ,well1 ! banks are all "r4 ,s are ! ov]heads4 ,& ! sunlight arc4 ,& are y go+ to use any ( ! small] 8spots0 to (fset y\r /> to ! be/ advantage8 ,^! mu/ also be 9 ! "r place4 ,y h made sure !n t ev]y?+ is well ) ! lights4 ,!reupon y turn y\r att5tion to ! cam]a4 ,! cam]aman has be5 told f :at angle y are go+ to 8%oot0 ! sc5e fir/ & has 8set up0 8 ma*9e accord+ to 8 own likes4 ,y /udy ! angle & y visualize j h[ ! sc5e w look on ! film1 tak5 f ?is angle4 ,y may want ! cam]a a little clos] or a little f>!r away & s y g into conf]5ce ) ! cam]aman & aft] consid]able argum5t y w9 y\r po9t & ! cam]a is mov$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 necessitates a slight *ange 9 ! position ( ! lights aga9 :i*1 ( c\rse1 y att5d to4 ,!n f9ally y come to ! consid]ation ( ! play]s !mselves4 ,y "k all ab\t makeup1 ( c\rse1 & y exam9e ! play]s closely to see :e!r !y "k all ab\t x too4 ,is ?is fell[ :o is play+ ! butl] made up prop]ly8 ,is ?is girl :o is to d ! 8bit0 ( ! maid all "r8 ,no1 y decide1 %e has too mu* r\ge on h] lips & n en\gh masc>a ab\t ! eyes4 ,y politely in=m h] ( h] mi/ake & beg h] to hurry to h] dress+ room & alt] h] c\nt5ance4 ,= ?is int]f]5ce ! maid looks dagg]s at y & dep>ts4 ,! /> /rolls re/lessly ab\t & looks at y z if to say1 8,well1 :5 are y go+ to beg91 anyway80 ,y look at ! union /age h&s & realize t :ile !y are /&+ ar\nd "h gr9n+ at y !y are gett+ paid = x e m9ute & _! pay is be+ *>g$ up aga9/ y\r "w4 ,& y hav5't ev5 />t$ yet & "h x is almo/ elev5 o'clock6 ,/ill y mu/n't become obvi\sly flu/]$4 ,if y did ! :ole company w\ld give y a laugh1 closely approa*+ ! ju/ly celebrat$ razz-b]ry4 ,! maid returns4 ,%e is ready at la/ s are ! o!rs4 ,n[ y beg9 a rehe>sal4 ,y\r sc5e calls = ! foll[+ action4 --maid ent]s libr>y door & crosses d[n to telephone4 ,%e answ]s phone4 ,butl] pokes head 9 door & li/5s int5tly z %e talks ov] phone4 ,he is />tl$ out ( 8 position by ! appe>ance ( ! ma/] ( ! h\se back ( him4 ,he /eps into ! room & holds ! door op5 = 8 ma/]4 ,! maid1 realiz+ t %e isn't alone1 drops ! telephone 9 confusion1 & confronts ! ma/]4 ,%e makes apologies & exits1 foll[$ by ! butl] :ile ! ma/] ( ! h\se looks aft] h] 9 a qu&>y4 ,y expla9 ! p>ts to ! butl] & ! maid :o p]haps are n famili> ) ! sc5e4 ,!n y d />t4 ,& l z n ! fir/ rehe>sal w appe> impossible to y\r well-tra9$ eye4 ,! maid & ! butl] don't act prop]ly4 ,y call a halt 9 ! middle ( a sc5e & expla9 matt]s ?or\ghly to !m4 ,! />1 play+ ! ma/] ( ! h\se1 ?9ks t y might h expla9$ all ?is be=e & pla9ly %[s t /ate ( m9d4 ,he is s capable 9 express+ 8 inn]mo/ ?\ghts t y\r sole consolation is ! happy ?\ght t he is a f9e actor & won't ne$ mu* direction4 ,f9ally ! rehe>sal runs smoo?ly4 ,y !n ord] 8lights0 & up !y all g4 ,& !n y ord] 8cam]a0 & y\r cam]aman />ts gr9d+4 ,& !n y ord] 8action0 & ! play]s />t ?r\gh ! sc5e1 e motion ( !irs record$ by ! all-see+ eye ( ! cam]a4 ,to y1 ! director1 /&+ !re wat*+ & prompt+ n[ & aga91 e little fault ( ! play]s1 e bit ( wa/$ motion1 e insignificant ge/ure1 /&s out 9 ! %ape ( a trem5d\s eyesore4 ,y "k !y are do+ :at y told !m b /ill y tell y\rself x c\ld be mu* bett]4 ,at l5g? y tell ! cam]aman to /op 9 ! middle ( ! sc5e4 ,! play]s look up at y z if to say1 8,well1 :at n[60 & y /ep =w>d & try to expla9 ) ! utmo/ ( tact t ! maid didn't h&le ! telephone prop]ly & t ! butl] didn't li/5 eag]ly en\gh4 ,s1 despite _! fr[ns1 y proce$ ) ! sc5e aga94 ,& ?is "t x is ! /> :o doesn't suit y4 ,he doesn't seem to /op %ort en\gh :5 he comes to ! door & he doesn't seem to reg>d ! maid suspici\sly en\gh :5 %e confronts him guiltily4 ,y expla9 matt]s1 !re=e1 to ! />4 ,n[ ?is /> ( y\rs may be a p>ticul>ly conceit$ fell[4 ,he may s9c]ely believe too t he is play+ ! "p z well z x possibly c\ld be play$4 ,he li/5s ) some?+ approa*+ a deaf e> to y\r pati5t explanations z to h[ ! "p %\ld be play$4 ,& !n he flabb]ga/s y ) ?is rem>k1 8,well1 ,i am do+ x ! be/ way ,i c & ,i don't get :at y mean at all4 ,suppose y g ?r\gh ! sc5e = me60 ,y try to ?9k quickly & wond] :at ,cecil ,de ,mille or somebody else :o doesn't believe 9 %[+ a play] 8h[0 w\ld act "u ! circum/ances4 ,y are lo/ & ! only c\rse = y to take is to %[ ! /> h[ y ?9k ! sc5e ought to be play$4 ,b c y act8 ,did y ev] try8 ,no matt]1 y've got to n[4 ,s y make a wild /ab at ! "p4 ,ev]yone1 y "k1 is /&+ ar\nd wat*+ y4 ,"s actors f ano!r picture may h /roll$ ov] to wat* y4 ,!y l+] :5 !y discov] t y are to give an exhibition ( act+4 ,y r h ! idea t ! entire /udio =ce is out !re wat*+ y--& laugh+ at y4 ,foll[+ y\r p]=mance y take ! /> aside & ask him :e!r he got ! idea4 ,if he is 9 a condesc5d+ mood by t "t he may say1 8yes10 & s y />t ! sc5e aga94 ,& n[ ! tr\ble is t y are incl9$ to believe t any?+ y\r play]s d is ! "r ?+4 ,y are /ill n]v\s f ! exhibit y j made ( y\rself & try+ h>d n to display ! symptoms ( x to ev]yone ar\nd y4 ,s y summon up all y\r c\rage & direct t sc5e ) all y\r might & ma94 ,x's j got to be good4 ,& :5 x's be5 done once x's got to be done a second "t 7all produc]s make two negatives1 y see1 "o = dome/ic use & "o = =eign exportation74 ,inw>dly y brea! a sigh ( relief :5 f9ally t p>ticul> sc5e has be5 complet$ & !n y want ! cam]a mov$ up = closeups4 7,aga91 ( c\rse y h m>k$ exactly :]e y want ^! closeups4 ,& y are ready to tell ea* play] exactly :at y want him to d ov] aga9 = ! closeups74 ,& ! cam]aman busies ab\t sett+ up 8 cam]a = ! fir/ closeup & y are j ab\t to />t tak+ x :5 ! lun* h\r looms up1 ! electricians & /age h&s leave y flat & y discov] t y h to po/pone y\r important "w = full sixty m9utes4 ,9 ! sil5t & lonely conf9es ( y\r (fice y pace ! floor & wond] h[ ! aft]noon is go+ to turn out4 ,y discov] t y h sp5t ! :ole h\r pac+ & =gott5 to eat4 ,no matt]1 y\r appetite 0 gone anyway & y g back to "w1 try+ to feel ready = any em]g5cy t ! aft]noon may produce4 ,& s ! day ends4 ,! aft]noon reproduces ! exp]i5ces ( ! morn+ ) v>iations4 ,! next day reproduces x fur!r4 ,b if y h ga9$ ! confid5ce ( y\r play]s & y\r v>i\s assi/ants & if y h prov5 to !m t y "k :at to direct & h[ to direct1 ! "w looms mu* easi]4 ,e late aft]noon aft] ! picture is "u way y & y\r cam]aman & y\r /> sit 9 a d>k1 sil5t project+ room & gaze ^u ! daily 8ru%es40 ,^! are ! fir/ pr9ts ( ! sc5es y made ! day be=e4 ,?us y c see y\r "w gr[ & ?us also y\r /> sees :e!r he c place full confid5ce 9 y4 ,if he discov]s t he c1 y\r relations improve z ! picture progresses4 ,& aft] a :ile y don't ev5 hesitate ab\t gett+ out !re on ! 8set0 & %[+ him j h[ to d a ?+4 ,he'll l x too4 ,y h also def9itely prov$ to ! cam]aman & ! head electrician & ! assi/ant director 7:o kn[s t he c\ld direct bett] ?an y7 t y "k m ab\t y\r bus9ess ?an !y "k ab\t x4 ,y h %[n !m t y "k h[ to arrange y\r play]s 9 a big sc5e s z to get ! be/ possible dramatic & arti/ic effects1 y h %[n !m t y c direct ! manipulation ( ! lights s z to produce a diff]5t sort ( illusion1 y h %[n !m1 briefly1 t y "k m ab\t cam]a "w ?an ! cam]aman1 m ab\t light+ ?an ! electrician1 m ab\t act+ ?an ! ca/1 m ab\t composition ?an ! art director1 & m ab\t writ+ ?an ! cont9uity writ]4 ,y may "k deep 9 y\r he>t t y h bluff$ !m into believ+ 9 y\r widespread sup]iority b !y don't "k x & s ! gods ( success are beg9n+ to %9e on y4 ,,*apt] ,,xx 8,,/eal+0 ,,an ,,ext]ior ,expla9+ h[ directors sometimes film sc5es on busy /reets 9 broad daylight )\t pass]s-by becom+ aw>e ( ! fact4--,an amus+ incid5t t arose :5 "o director endeavor$ to 8/eal0 a succession ( r dramatic sc5es ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,fr5* ,,t[n ,,0 ,,built ,,= 8,,! ,,f\r ,,horsem50 ,,m]ely ,,to ,,be ,,de/roy$ ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,scot* ,,village ,,on ,,long ,,isl&6 ,,erect$ ,,= 8,,s5tim5tal ,,tommy10 ,,direct$ ,,by ,,john ,s4 ,,rob]tson4 ,,x ,,is ,a ,,triumph ,,arti/ically ,,b ,,prov$ ,a ,,f9ancial ,,failure ,,*apt] ,,xx ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult details ( production t confronts ! director 9 ! ord9>y r\t9e ( affairs1 is t ( 8/eal+0 ext]ior sc5es4 ,^? :o h consi/5tly att5d$ picture %[s are well acqua9t$ ) ! ext]ior sc5es1 ! illusion ( :i* is spoil$1 by ! gap+ & laugh+ spectators on ! side l9es4 ,& !n on occasion a /reet sc5e w be f\nd t has be5 film$ "r 9 ! mid/ ( heavy traffic & n "o ( ! _m p 9 ! sc5e z mu* z aw>d a sly gap to ! cam]a4 ,?is effect ( realism is produc$ :5 ! director goes to ! tr\ble ( 8/eal+0 an ext]ior4 ,9 8/eal+0 ! director has 8 cam]a 8bl9d$40 ,!re are v>i\s sorts ( bl9ds us$4 ,a taxicab or lim\s9e provide effective bl9ds4 ,! cam]aman c get 9 ) 8 in/rum5t & %oot ! sc5e go+ on on ! sidewalk & at ! same "t rema9 unnotic$ be=e ! majority ( pass]s-by :o w\ld o!rwise donate to !mselves ! roles ( spoil-spectators4 ,sometimes a truck load$ ) pack+ cases c effectively conceal ! cam]aman & 8 in/rum5t at ! same "t af=d+ an unob/ruct$ focal di/ance betwe5 ! cam]a & ! sc5e to be film$4 ,su* sc5es require c>eful rehe>s+ 9 ! /udio be=e dep>ture = ! desir$ location4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 ! director mu/ rely on ! snap-judgm5t ( himself & 8 play]s 9 ! actual tak+ ( ! sc5e = x w (f] peculi>ities & diff]5ces ( topography impossible ( consid]ation 9 ! /udio rehe>sals4 ,!n aga91 9 ^! sc5es ! play]s mu/ we> ei!r ! absolute m9imum ( makeup to prev5t !m f be+ detect$ z play]s or1 bett] yet1 we> none at all4 ,if ! sunlight happ5s to be "r1 none is worn z a rule4 ,(t5 9 ^! sc5es peculi>ities arise :i* are int]e/+4 ,i recall an ext]ior sc5e :i* a director = "o ( ! l>ge /udios 9 ! ea/ endeavor$ to 8/eal0 9 :i* ! action 0 ( consid]able importance to ! /ory4 ,! sc5e 0 suppos$ to be night & repres5t+ a little trav]s$ resid5tial section ( ! city4 ,! action call$ = ! lead+ man 9 ! case to effect ! actions ( a man entirely too full ( pre-,vol/ead liquor = 8 own b5efit4 ,9 brief1 aft] /agg]+ ab\t a bit1 he 0 to collapse 9 a heap on ! sidewalk4 ,! h]o9e1 com+ along at ?is mom5t1 0 call$ ^u to take pity on ! poor wret* & take him into h] h\se be=e :i* he _h fall54 ,j z %e succe$$ 9 rais+ him to 8 feet a policeman 0 to come along & "q h] ab\t ! "y man's id5tity4 ,to protect him %e 0 to claim t he 0 h] husb&4 ,to give ! :ole sc5e an add$ t\* ( realism x 0 ?\ght t x w\ld be bett] to h sev]al p$e/rians pass ! h]o by z he lay unconsci\s on ! sidewalk4 ,! "t *os5 to take ! sc5e 0 late aft]noon & a little frequ5t$ /reet 0 select$ = ! occasion4 ,a numb] ( p 7 pass+1 h[ev]1 & ^!1 ! director ?\ght1 c\ld be us$ 9 ! roles ( unconsci\s extras 9 ! picture4 ,b ! director _h miscalculat$ human nature4 ,! pass]s-by1 unconsci\s ( ! pres5ce ( a cam]a 9 ! taxicab1 really ?\ght ! actor 0 un=tunately drunk & sev]al /opp$ to (f] assi/ance4 ,! pres5ce ( m9d ( ! actor sav$ ! situation4 ,:5 two p b5t ov] him & (f]$ assi/ance1 he angrily told !m to be on _! ways4 ,?us repuls$ !y mov$ on4 ,( c\rse ! h]o accept$ ! assi/ance ( ! girl z ! 'script call$ =4 ,b ! g5]al effect ( ! sc5e 0 *ang$ by ! int]e/ ( ! pass]s-by 9 ! drunk5 man4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! majority ( folk reg>d$ su* figures ) antipa?y4 ,in/ead !y 7 int]e/$4 ,! actor :o 0 play+ ! h]o expla9$ ! matt] aft]w>ds4 8,!y w]5't s all-fir$ conc]n$ & worri$ ab\t me10 he said1 8^? two fell[s t b5t ov] me really want$ to "k :]e ,i got x40 ,! la/ "p ( ! sc5e 0 int]rupt$ also4 ,! actor made up z ! policeman int]f]$ ) ! h]o & h]o9e z p] ! sc5e b z he 0 que/ion+ ! h]o9e z to ! id5tity ( ! "y man a real policeman appe>$ on ! sc5e & que/ion$ ! made-up policeman z to 8 own id5tity4 ,! masqu]ad+ cop told ! real article t a motion picture 0 be+ tak5 & = ! love ( ! director n to look r\nd at ! cam]a4 ,! policeman s5s$ ! situation & obey$ ord]s & z a result ! sc5e appe>$ on ! scre5 z if two policem5 _h ent]$ into an argum5t z to :at disposition %\ld be made ( ! drunk5 man4 ,( c\rse1 :5 ! sc5e 0 done ! real policeman 0 n 9 ! lea/ av]se to accept+ a slight rew>d = 8 good s]vices4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,director ,arti/s are ent]+ field ( motion picture production bo? z directors & art directors4--,advice ( ! art director %\ld be s\ght on ext]ior sc5es4--,a few words ( ,maurice ,t\rneur ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,_m arti/s h f\nd ! field ( motion picture direct+ exce$+ly attractive4 ,! majority ( !m h ent]$ ! new field 9 ! capacity ( art directors1 plann+ & sup]vis+ ! con/ruction & ! dress+ ( ! sett+s4 ,sev]al o!rs h graduat$ f su* po/s to ! positions ( directors4 ,p]haps ! arti/ic side ( picture production is ! "o :i* _h develop$ less ?an any ( ! o!rs4 ,= a long "t art directors1 int]ior decorators & arti/ic design]s 7 unkn[n elem5ts 9 a motion picture /udio4 ,! e>ly picture public dem&$ s5sation & action4 ,:5 an int]ior sett+ 0 us$ furniture 0 ?r[n 9 x indiscrim9ately4 ,! m1 ! bett]4 ,gr& ,rapids & ,l\is ,,iv furni%+s 7 ?r[n 9 reg>dless4 ,an e>ly biblical picture %[$ ! sc5e ( ! la/ supp] ) ! assembl$ ,apo/les seat$ 9 a v>iety ( mod]n furniture f ! factories ( ! middle we/]n /ates4 ,x is only ( comp>ative rec5cy t real arti/s & ar*itects h ent]$ ! production field4 ,today all ! l>g] /udios h ext5sive art dep>tm5ts t co-op]ate ) ! director & 8 /aff 9 ! prep>ation ( ! sett+s4 ,accuracy di/+ui%es ! majority ( ! "w ( ^! dep>tm5ts4 ,errors 9 p]iod pictures are seldom to be disc]n$ ev5 by ! mo/ wat*ful4 ,b z yet ! art director has fail$ to put 9 an appe>ance :]e he is ne$$ q z mu* z 9 ! prep>ation ( ! int]ior sett+s2 ,i ref] to ! ext]ior4 ,beautiful z are _m ( ! ext]iors se5 9 ! mod]n pictures !y (t5 lack ! prop] balance4 ,any art /ud5t c\ld tell y & po9t out :]e ! composition ( _m ext]iors is faulty4 ,x is too mu* to ask t e motion picture director be an art director besides4 ,a man might be p]fect z a dramatic director & /ill be utt]ly lack+ ) respect to composition4 ,b if ! director _c be v]s$ 9 bo? ! arts !re %\ld be1 & d\btless w be 9 "t1 an art director work+ along ) ! dramatic director on e sc5e1 int]ior or ext]ior4 ,! =m] arti/s n[ actually direct+ are few 9 numb]4 ,p]haps ! =emo/ ( !m all is ,maurice ,t\rneur :o came f ,france sev]al ye>s ago & :o 0 previ\s to 8 /age & scre5 "w 9 t c\ntry1 a mural decorator4 ,8 e>ly productions "h attract$ widespread int]e/ 9 ! art itself because ( ! evid5t t\* ( an arti/ic h&4 8,! ,blue ,bird0 0 a triumph f ! /&po9t ( pictorial arti/ry4 ,s 7 sev]al o!rs he made at ! same "t4 ,b !y didn't make money4 ,s ,mr4 ,t\rneur turn$ to ! production ( frankly melodramatic subjects4 ,^! he end[$ too ) all ! art at 8 comm& & s lift$ melodrama to a high] plane ?an x ev] rea*$ be=e4 ,p]haps ! fate ( ,mr4 ,t\rneur's 8,! ,blue ,bird0 is timely to recall n[4 ,^? today :o clamor = m arti/ic & bett] ?+s on ! scre5 & :o op9e t no director or produc+ company has ! c\rage to attempt su* ?+s & :o insi/ t if su* ?+s 7 attempt$ !y w\ld be eag]ly receiv$1 w d well to he$ ! pa!tic fate ( 8,! ,bluebird40 ,! picture director & produc] are always will+ to /rive = some?+ a little f9] on ! scre5 b to date ! public hasn't giv5 !m any appreciable am\nt ( enc\ragem5t4 ,hugo ,ball9 & ,p5hryn ,/anlaws are among ! arti/s n[ direct+ :o h atta9$ prom95ce 9 bo? fields4 ,! latt] has made long /rides 9 ! %ort "t he has be5 9 a picture /udio & gives promise ( atta9+ ! same heights 9 ! new] art t he atta9$ 9 8 orig9al l9e ( creative endeavor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rex ,,+ram ,,nev] ,,lo/ ,,track ,,( ,,8 ,,p]sonal ,,/ory ,,9 8,,! ,,f\r ,,horsem50 ,illu/ration3 ,,pictorial ,,beauty ,,0 ,a ,,directorial ,,a*ievem5t ,,display$ ,,9 8,,! ,,f\r ,,horsem50 ,a ,,sc5e ,,f 8,,! ,,f\r ,,horsem540 ,,"h ,,is ,a ,,/ill ,,t ,,illu/rates ,,rex ,,+ram',s ,,ability ,,to ,,sugge/ ,a ,,situation ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,directorial ,,conv5tions ,9 :i* ! bus9ess ( slamm+ directors 9 g5]al is freely indulg$4--,directors h creat$ an array ( utt]ly false conv5tions by _! con/ant use ( !m4--,a plea = !m to /op4--,a p>ticul> plea = !m to /op pick+ on tobacco ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,mo/ ( ! *apt]s 9 ?is book1 :5 deal+ specifically ) ! "w ( directors1 h be5 key$ 9 ! g5]al tone ( praise4 ,! read] might ?us absorb ! idea t x is ?\ght no room = improvem5t 9 ! y\nge/ ( ! arts exi/s4 ,h[ev]1 mo/ ( ! m5 m5tion$ 9 =m] *apt]s h consi/5tly wor?y records b 9 case ! idea prevails t ,i believe ! mill5nium 9 pictures has long s9ce be5 atta9$1 ,i h]eby d$icate ?is *apt] to a g5]al slamm+ ( e director 9 ! production art4 ,! awful conv5tions t e director seems to h adopt$ z 8 own 7! be/ directors & ! wor/ 9 "o degree or ano!r7 are "o ( ! eyesores ( mod]n picture productions4 ,! little slips 9 te*nicalities su* z %[+ a cig> j light$ 9 "o sc5e & burn$ to a butt 9 ! next & ! p>adoxical fact t ,john exits f "o int]ior we>+ a br[n d]by & ent]s ano!r we>+ a black d]by--^! little slips :i* are !mselves conv5tions ( ov]sight1 c be left to ! motion picture fans :o con/antly write ! pap]s call+ att5tion to !m4 ,!re are m real conv5tions t1 little ?\gh !y are1 h long s9ce become a t]rible bore to ^? :o view pictures ?r\gh eyes at all critical1 simply because directors on a :ole seem to h adopt$ ^! conv5tions z if !y 7 actually real & "p ( life4 ,i mean su* little ?+s z ! ev]-pres5t wall safe 9 ! libr>y sett+ & ! *ildi% & idiotic little dresses ) :i* telephones are clo!d4 ,i am n ( ! socially elect b no fri5d ( m9e ma9ta9s a wall safe 9 8 libr>y1 a safe :i*1 ) "o good firm wr5* prop]ly appli$1 w\ld leave a gap+ cavity 9 ! wall4 ,nei!r am ,i accu/om$ to visit+ ladies' b\doirs b ,i am firmly conv9c$ t dress+ a telephone z a doll is some?+ t simply isn't done 9 ! be/ regulat$ families4 ,x is simply & impurely a trick ( ! 8movies40 ,& no m natural is x = e man to keep a pi/ol 9 ! top draw] ( 8 desk4 ,i once conduct$ a surreptiti\s inve/igation ( ! top draw]s ( v>i\s ( my fri5ds & c\ld h acquir$ a miscellane\s collection ( ev]y?+ f old ,ov]holt to scissors )\t includ+ 9 x a pi/ol4 ,m5tion ^! fooli% little conv5tions to a director & he w enjoy a he>ty laugh ov] !m ) y4 ,b ! v next day he w return to 8 "w ( produc+ a picture & use e "o ( ^! tricks & a :ole lot m ) nev] s mu* z a ?\ght4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! pi/ol 9 ! draw] trick has s (t5 be5 laugh$ at & d[n on ! scre5 t mo/ directors are fight+ cle> ( x4 ,ano!r conv5tion :i* seems to grate aga9/ p ( ta/e is ! habit ( directors p]mitt+ _! prop]ty man to pile a breakfa/ table ) doz5s ( v>ieties ( knives1 =ks & spoons4 ,! morn+ breakfa/ ( ! newlyw$s usually appe>s on ! scre5 z a p>ade ( f9e silv]w>e4 ,directors1 )\t numb]1 also *oose to ignore ! common conv5tions ( g5tlem5 until1 ignor+ !m to su* an ext5t1 !y h creat$ an opposite set ( conv5tions to ^? t actually exi/ 9 all social circles ( life1 ! poore/ & ! ri*e/4 ,specifically1 directors =get to tell _! actors to rise :5 a lady sits at a table & (t5 are at a loss z to ! prop] ?+ = a g5tleman to d ) 8 hat :5 talk+ to a lady4 ,!n !re are ! horrible directorial conv5tions reg>d+ college life4 ,a motion picture college is full ( snobs1 its dormitories are made up ( rooms wall-pap]$ ) p5nants & peopl$ ) ?irty-five ye> old actors 9 bulky sweat]s :o nev] /ir )\t a pipe ) a trem5d\s b[l & a m&ol9 or "s /r+$ in/rum5t4 ,!re are1 too1 ! tiresome conv5tions ( ! small t[n ) ! inevitable & unreali/ic rubes4 ,9 fact1 "h ! director has tak5 a figure creat$ = burlesque %[s & meant only = burlesque %[s & impossible f>ce com$ies & adopt$ x z a real p]son1 an actual inhabitant ( a real small t[n4 ,!re are1 too1 ! we>isome conv5tions ( we/]n m9+ camp life z %[n on ! motion picture scre54 ,p]haps c5sor bo>ds & writ]s h contribut$ 9 produc+ ^! conv5tions2 *ief ( :i* is ! fact t e dance hall que5 is virtue p]sonifi$1 a ,pollyanna 9 spangles1 b !y are conv5tions & unreal ones1 nev]!less4 ,!re is ! unreal "m ( ! films4 ,! conv5tion is t if %e is a fond & lov+ "m %e mu/ sit & knit & sit & knit & occasionally wipe away a te> or two4 ,& if %e is n repres5t$ ?us1 z fond & mo!rly1 %e mu/ be repres5t$ z an impossible social climb] or a freak fem9i/ on a p> ) ! suffragettes ( burlesque %[s t5 ye>s ago4 ,normal mo!rs rea* ! scre5 once 9 a hundr$ times4 ,x is grant$ aga9 t scre5 writ]s & c5sor bo>ds h assi/$ consid]ably 9 build+ up ^! false conv5tions1 b ! director is ! lucky fell[ t has x 9 8 p[] to *ange !m4 ,let him g ab\t 8 task gradually if he s wi%es1 b let him g ab\t x4 ,only rec5tly ,i _h cause to give compla9t to ! practice ( directors 9 id5tify+ cig>ettes solely ) villa9s4 ,"s ( ! scre5 villa9s h actually be5 p]mitt$ to rea* ! po9t 9 _! c>e]s :5 ! m]e mann] ( toy+ ) a cig>ette signifies "s specific c\rse ( villa9y4 ,_! actions ) cig>ettes are z pla9 z ! old-fa%ion$ m\/a*io$ villa9's actions :5 he /rode ^u ! /age & pron\nc$ 8,curses60 ,su* a conv5tion is altoge!r too dang]\s besides be+ funny4 ,! re=m]s h already begun to associate ! cig>ette ) villa9y4 ,& if ! directors1 ?r\gh _! villa9s1 all[ !m to g t way1 we w soon see ! dep>ture ( cig>ettes f our mid/ altoge!r1 ev5 z ! lam5t$ dr9k has dep>t$--or is suppos$ to h dep>t$4 ,i1 = "o1 am go+ to blame ! directors = su* a /ate ( affairs4 ,:5 a cig>ette-legg] approa*es me 9 future ye>s & :isp]s1 8,i "k :]e y c get a package ( y\r favorite br& = two doll>s10 ,i'm go+ to hit him & curse ! director & 8 conv5tions t he w\ldn't *ange ev5 :5 ,i ?us w>n$ him4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,ern/ ,,lubits*3 ,,g]man ,,director ,lubits*1 on 8 fir/ visit to ,am]ican %ores1 gives "s few ( 8 ideas on picture direct+4--8,passion10 8,deception10 & 8,! ,wife ( ,ph>aoh0 are pro( ( 8 skill b he has faults & c af=d to absorb mu* ( ! te*nique ( ! ,am]ican director4--,8 discov]y ( ,pola ,negri a great /roke ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,e>li] m5tion has be5 made 9 ^! pages to ,g]man pictures4 ,le/ ?is t]m be confus+ to ^? )\t ! picture trade & 9 ! h9t]l&s1 x may be expla9$ t ^! rec5tly import$ pictures are g5]ally adv]tis$ z 8,european pictures10 8cont95tal spectacles0 or ) any blanket descriptive phrase t possibly b n po9t$ly includes ,g]many4 ,!re seems to be no good cause = refus+ to give ! spade its prop] "n today & if !re are /ill ^? unacqua9t$ ) ! fact1 x c "h be ann\nc$ t 8,passion10 8,deception10 8,! ,golem10 8,! ,cab9et ( ,dr4 ,calig>i10 8,"o ,arabian ,night10 etc41 etc41 7 all produc$ 9 ,g]many4 8,passion0 & 8,deception10 produc$ "u ! direction ( ! man consid]$ ,g]many's =emo/ director1 ,ern/ ,lubits*1 repres5t ! be/ 9 ! ,g]man art t has yet be5 ext5sively %[n "h 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re is ano!r production1 h[ev]1 8,! ,indian ,tomb10 call$ s tempor>ily at lea/1 & direct$ by a g5tleman ) ! unassum+ cognom5 ( ,joe ,may1 t is de/9$ to f> ov]%ad[ any?+ t ,mr4 ,lubits* has yet be5 responsible =4 ,b ( ?is production m anon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"h ,,is ,,! ,,sc5e ,,f ,,cecil ,,de ,,mille',s 8,,=bidd5 ,,fruit0 ,,t ,,amaz$ ,,ern/ ,,lubits* ,illu/ration3 ,,elsie ,,f]guson ,,9 ,,! ,,george ,,fitzmaurice ,,production ,,( 8,,pet] ,,ibbetson0 ,mr4 ,lubits*1 z said1 has be5 accord$ trem5d\s praise on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,! ,new ,york critics swept him up to ! plane ) ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? z soon z 8,passion0 & 8,deception0 7 publicly %[n1 & ,mr4 ,lubits* positively doesn't belong beside ,mr4 ,griffi?1 despite ! fact t he is a great arti/4 ,h[ev] & not)/&+ ! critics h =m$ su* a habit ( aw>d+ fulsome praise to ev]y?+ t be>s ! ,lubits* "n t ! situation is becom+ funny4 ,a g5tleman 9 ! production dep>tm5t ( "o ( ! l>ge film companies rec5tly advanc$ ! ?\ght t ! company %\ld release a dome/ic picture1 long consid]$ inf]ior = ! ,am]ican m>ket1 ) ! "n ,lubits* ^u x & ! l9e 8made 9 ,g]many0 /amp$ across its face4 ,no matt] h[ bad x 0 ^! c\nt]feits w\ld assure x ( good reviews 0 ! cont5tion4 ,:5 ! "w ( ,mr4 ,lubits* is s]i\sly consid]$ & balanc$1 ! good po9ts & ! bad po9ts1 ! conclusion mu/ inevitably be rea*$ t he is an arti/ic director1 b lack+ or r1 to give him ! b5efit ( ! d\bt1 slight+ details ( production & /ory1 t give e great picture its la/+ /amp ( individualism4 ,9 a previ\s *apt] x 0 cont5d$ t ! majority ( ,g]man directors1 9 ! production ( spectacul> works1 ov]look$ ! p]sonal /ory 9 an ef=t to be awe-inspir+ ) _! mob sc5es4 ,9 a s5se ?is criticism holds true ) ,mr4 ,lubits*4 ,details ( /ory mean little to him4 ,9 fact1 on 8 fir/ visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :5 int]view$1 he express$ amazem5t ov] ! fact t ,cecil ,de ,mille 9 "o ( 8 pictures1 8,=bidd5 ,fruit10 to be exact1 br\ght out ! pr$icam5t ( ! h]o9e1 a social masqu]ad]1 by plant+ 9 closeups h] hesitancy ab\t ! selection ( ! "r =k = ! v>i\s c\rses ( a d9n]4 ,su* detail "w1 :i* goes a long way t[>d humaniz+ a /ory no matt] h[ melodramatic ! /ructure ( ! :ole ?+ may be1 is unkn[n to ! ,g]man directors ( :i* ,mr4 ,lubits* is1 at ! mom5t1 ! bright & %9+ example4 ,consequ5tly1 x may be ask$3 ,h[ c ,mr4 ,lubits* be plac$ beside ! ,am]ican1 ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi?1 :5 9 su* details ,mr4 ,griffi? excels8 ,8 late/ spectacle1 8,orphans ( ! ,/orm10 is pro( aga9 t he is a ma/] ( bl5d+ ! p]sonal /ory ) ! spectacul> backgr\nd4 ,at pres5t1 economic situations 9 ,g]many p]mit ! production ( spectacles !re on a scale ( lavi%ness :i* our ,am]ican directors c\ld n duplicate )\t s5d+ _! back]s into bankruptcy4 ,labor is s *eap t ! mo/ magnific5t sett+s c be erect$ 9 ! ,g]man /udios = small sums ( money1 sums t w\ld be small ev5 if ! rate ( ex*ange betwe5 ,g]many & ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* makes !m seem ridicul\sly small1 0 m ev5ly balanc$4 ,?us a new field ( effects is op5 to ! ,g]man director t is correspond+ly be+ d5i$ ! ,am]ican director by ! increas+ co/ ( labor & mat]ials4 ,mr4 ,lubits* is "o ( ^? :o has made excell5t use ( ^! magnific5t sett+s provid$ him4 ,he has peopl$ !m ) ?\s&s ( sup]num]>ies & he is a born arti/ :5 x comes to direct+ ! movem5ts & actions ( great gr\ps ( p4 ,he manages to get m movem5t & color into su* sc5es ?an ! great majority ( ,am]ican directors h manag$ to a*ieve 9 ! pa/4 ,s1 too1 ,mr4 ,lubits* seems able to extract ! maximum ability f 8 actors & actresses4 ,he 0 an actor once himself & a good "o &1 contr>y to an op9ion1 express$ e>li] 9 ?is book1 believes 9 %[+ 8 actors h[ to play _! sc5es4 ,inde$1 !y are told v little conc]n+ ! /ory b rely = all _! inspiration ^u ,mr4 ,lubits*4 ,9 8 m s]i\s /atem5ts conc]n+ picture direct+1 ,mr4 ,lubits* is mo/ly incl9$ to po9t out ! faults ( pictures & ! difficulty ( produc+ !m1 ?an to expla9 :at he consid]s ! f9] po9ts ( directorial te*nique4 ,mr4 ,lubits* talk$1 ?r\gh an int]pret]1 ab\t ! v weakness ( 8 & o!rs t has j be5 not$4 8,s _m pictures t promise mu* 9 _! e>ly /ages10 he said1 8are 9 ! end spoil$ by a lack ( ! prop] balance & bl5d+ ( all ! elem5ts t g to make ! picture4 ,! "w ( ! au?or is s (t5 sacrific$ = ! pictorial effect ( ! director4 ,! pa9t] 7sc5ic design]7 s (t5 has to give way to ! importance ( ! dramatic sc5e40 ,all ( :i* is exactly "r4 ,! majority ( ,am]ican directors ^: "w has be5 consid]$ 9 ?is book "k j h[ to a*ieve prop] balance 9 _! pictures4 ,!y "k :]e ! "w ( ! au?or ends & t ( ! sc5ic arti/ beg9s4 ,no director wor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation 9 an ,am]ican /udio today p]mits 8 dramatic sc5es to be sacrific$ to make way = ma/]pieces ( pictorial backgr\nd4 ,nor does he rev]se ! mi/ake & sacrifice pictorial backgr\nd = dramatic sc5es or any?+ else4 ,he kn[s h[ to a*ieve ! prop] balance4 8,i pref] to sugge/ ideas & situations 9 my pictures10 he cont9u$1 8r ?an to load d[n a sc5e ) no?+ b ! />kly reali/ic4 ,i pref] my actors1 too1 to sugge/ an emotion r ?an to regi/] x obvi\sly on ! scre540 ,"h1 p]haps1 m ?an 9 any o!r direction does ,mr4 ,lubits*'s greatness actually lie4 ,he uses sc5es1 ext]iors1 actors to subtly & p[]fully sugge/ an effect1 r ?an to use ! same prop]ties m]ely to obvi\sly po9t out su* an effect4 ,x is ?is me?od1 too1 t1 z has also be5 po9t$ out previ\sly1 is ,rex ,+ram's =te4 ,mr4 ,lubits*'s art 9 ?is direction is exemplifi$ 9 bo? 8,passion0 & 8,deception0 z well z 9 8,! ,loves ( ,ph>aoh10 8 mo/ rec5t picture :i* he br\ght ) him f ,g]many4 ,mr4 ,lubits* w5t on to say1 & e o!r int]view] seiz$ ^u 8 words ) en?usiasm1 t he only cuts 8 pictures once4 ,"s rem>ks h already be5 record$ on h[ important a "p ( picture mak+ is ! cutt+ & edit+ ( ! sc5es aft] !y h left ! director's h&s4 ,x has be5 my privilege to see _m ( ,mr4 ,lubits*'s pictures z well z a numb] ( o!r ,g]man productions be=e !y h be5 %[n to ! ,am]ican public4 ,! "o great fault ) ^? produc$ by ,mr4 ,lubits* is t !y are f> f prop]ly cut & edit$4 ,h5ce1 ,i am unable to ru% into pr9t to praise ,mr4 ,lubits* because ( 8 /atem5t t he only cuts 8 picture once4 ,r1 ,i w write "h ! s\nd advice t 9 future he cut 8 pictures eight1 n9e or t5 times4 ,aft] ,mr4 ,lubits*'s s+le cutt+ ( 8 pictures !y run twice too long = ! ,am]ican public4 ,a po9t :i* c be successfully communicat$ to an audi5ce 9 a quick int]*ange ( closeups by an ,am]ican director w take ,mr4 ,lubits* ! labori\s int]*ange ( t5 or a doz5 closeups1 ! la/ "o diff]+ v little f ! fir/ "o4 ,! reason = ?is ,i am unable to acc\nt =4 ,mr4 ,lubits* believes 9 ! art ( sugge/ion z he says4 ,!n :y does he drive home a m9or po9t ) s _m hamm]s :5 a little t\* f 8 index f+] is suffici5t to accompli% 8 ends8 ,cle>ly 9 ^! two respects ,mr4 ,lubits* is a direct contradiction ( himself4 ,does he d ?is unwitt+ly or does he d x because 8 public 7! ,g]man public7 dem&s to h a po9t driv5 home ) sl$ge hamm] bl[s8 ,9 ! light ( no o!r answ]1 we mu/ accept ! latt] conclusion & *alk ! matt] up aga9/ ! /upidity ( 8cont95tal0 picture audi5ces :i* seems a bit h>%4 ,^! words on ,mr4 ,lubits* seem s unsatisfactory on second read+ t !re is an incl9ation to disc>d !m altoge!r4 ,9 ! fir/ place !y h ! flavor ( #ajj p] c5t ,am]icanism1 i4e4 attack+ or wax+ un5?usia/ic ab\t ! "w ( a ,g]man director m]ely because he is a ,g]man director4 ,:i* is n ! case at all & = pro( ( :i* ,i ask y to turn quickly to ! next *apt]4 ,mr4 ,lubits* has receiv$ s mu* public praise t to g aga9/ ! tide "h c n help b seem purely ! inspiration ( a pig-head4 ,b !n !re is no d5y+ t ,mr4 ,lubits* is a contradiction ( himself4 ,he talks ab\t sugge/ion & !n does ! sl$ge-hamm] trick1 he talks ab\t cutt+ 8 pictures once :5 su* a feat is an impossibility4 ,he is an arti/1 pot5tially v great )\t a d\bt1 b n z mature z _m ( 8 sponsors w\ld h u believe4 ,8 t\rs ( ! ,am]ican /udios w d\btless h a m>k$ effect on 8 future productions made abroad4 ,x is to be fondly hop$ t he w absorb only ! good po9ts ( ,am]ican te*nique & comb9e ^! ) ! good po9ts ( 8 own te*nique1 disc>d+ ! bad po9ts ( ea* set4 ,:5 he accompli%es ?is ,i w l9e up & s+ 8 praises lu/ily along ) ! o!rs :o n[ hail him z a ,moses 9 ! bullru%es ( pictur$om4 ,b wait6 ,aft] all ,mr4 ,lubits* is great4 ,he discov]$ ,pola ,negri4 ,ho*6 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,joe ,,may3 ,,g]man ,,director ,9 :i* x is po9t$ out t 9 ?ree ( ,mr4 ,may's pictures he displays m qualifications to be h]ald$ z ,g]many's be/ arti/ ?an ,mr4 ,lubits*4--8,! ,indian ,tomb0 a sup]f9e bl5d+ ( popul> appeal+ pictorial elem5ts ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,f ! /&po9t ( produc+ pictures ) trem5d\s popul> appeal & at ! same "t inve/+ !m ) arti/ic sett+s1 sett+s t fairly belie description1 & f ! /&po9t ( pay+ close att5tion to detail ( /ory & act+1 f ^! /&po9ts :i* are all important1 ,joe ,may1 previ\sly m5tion$1 8has x10 9 ! v]nacul>1 8all ov]0 ,ern/ ,lubits*4 ,un=tunately1 ,mr4 ,may _h n1 at ?is writ+1 v5tur$ to ,am]ican %ores4 ,:5 he does come x is fondly hop$ t ! same int]view]s & critics :o scrambl$ = words f ,mr4 ,lubits* & consid]$ !m z gold w li/5 to :at ,mr4 ,may has to say & consid] x wor? some?+ m ?an ! ,g]man m>k4 ,i w\ld h lik$ to include a fir/ h& int]view f ,mr4 ,may 9 ?is *apt]4 ,if ,i _h wireless$ him = 8 =mulae ( production he d\btless w\ld h repli$ 9 ,g]man idiom3 8,get a good /ory & g to x40 ,to date ,i h se5 ?ree ( 8 pictures1 "o sup]bly imag9$ & m\nt$ my/ical drama1 8,! ,indian ,tomb10 "o ?rill+ s]ial entitl$ 8,! ,mi/ress ( ! ,_w0 & "o int5se mod]n society drama at pres5t entitl$ 8,lav9ia ,morl&'s ,confession40 ,& s ,i c only =m an op9ion z to 8 me?od ( work+1 ( direct+ 8 pictures4 ,& ?is op9ion is t he embraces 9 8 te*nique all t is m]itori\s 9 ! ,am]ican director's te*nique1 exactly :at ,ern/ ,lubits* %\ld d to hone/ly e>n ! fulsome praise t is 84 ,illu/ration3 ,,rex ,,+ram ,,caught ,,9 ,,an ,,int]e/+ ,,sc5e ,,:ile ,,direct+ ,,! ,,pr9cipals ,,9 8,,! ,,conqu]+ ,,p[]0 ,illu/ration3 ,,cecil ,b4 ,,de ,,mille ,,direct+ ,,cecil ,b4 ,,de ,,mille ,,wat*+ ,a ,,rehe>sal 8,! ,indian ,tomb0 is by all odds ! mo/ amaz+ picture t ,i h ev] se54 ,to beg9 )1 ,mr4 ,may _h a h& 9 ! adaptation ( x4 ,he collaborat$ on ! cont9uity :i* is aft] ! g5]ally approv$ me?od ( ! be/ ,am]ican directors4 ,he sp5t no end ( "t on ?is "w1 presumably1 = ,mr4 ,lubits* tells u t all ,g]man directors pore ov] ! cont9uity ( _! pictures = weeks & mon?s s t f9ally :5 !y are ready to beg9 ! actual film+ ( ! picture e sc5e is 8fool-pro(40 ,?is is ! me?od ( ,?omas ,h4 ,ince to ! lett]4 ,9 ! second place1 ,mr4 ,may mu/ h be5 giv5 half a doz5 billion m>ks or m to sp5d on sett+s4 ,! beautiful ,indian sett+s t are to be se5 9 ! picture1 beautiful1 magnific5t & trem5d\s c\ld nev] be built = an ,am]ican production = less ?an a million doll>s4 ,!y greet ! eye 9 su* rapid succession t !y might be describ$1 9 no tones ( asp]sion1 z bewild]+4 ,mr4 ,may select$ an excell5t ca/4 ,! actors are possibly )\t reputation 9 ,g]many4 ,x is safe to say t none ( !m ) ! exception ( ,mia ,may1 ! />1 are kn[n broadly4 ,b "u ,mr4 ,may's direction1 ea* works ) a skill s effective t ! spectator is ne>ly oblig$ to =get !re is act+ go+ on be=e 8 eye4 ,! ,indian ,yogi is a comm&+1 inspir+ figure4 ,! ,pr9ce brea!s passion1 hatr$1 cunn+4 ,! la/ extra1 giv5 a bit to p]=m1 does x ) amaz+ effect4 ,mr4 ,may has giv5 9 8,! ,indian ,tomb0 a m>vel\s demon/ration ( :at tempo means4 ,! :ole tempo ( 8 picture1 once ! /ory rea*es ,india is sl[--b nev] tiresome4 ,he seems to h realiz$ t a picture laid 9 a my/ic locale1 a locale /range to ne>ly ev]yone :o frequ5ts picture !atres1 a locale enri*$ 9 poetry1 fiction & song1 z a l& ( uncanny magic1 t su* a picture dem&$ a sl[1 /eady tempo4 ,! effect ?us a*iev$ /r5g!ns ! /ory t5-fold4 ,play$ too fa/ 9 "o phase or ano!r1 hurry+ ov] "o sequ5ce to get to ano!r1 w\ld h spoil$ ! magic effect ( 8,! ,indian ,tomb0 completely4 ,:5 8,! ,indian ,tomb0 fir/ 0 import$ to ^! %ores its l5g? approximat$ eighte5 ?\s& feet6 ,an unhe>d ( l5g?1 to be sure4 ,( c\rse1 x w n rea* ! ,am]ican public 9 su* an am\nt ( footage4 ,!re is room = cutt+1 v c>eful trimm+4 ,b ev5 if 8,! ,indian ,tomb0 0 %[n "h 9 all its abundance ( footage1 ,i d\bt v mu* if x w\ld h prov$ tiresome except to ^? ) weak eyes4 ,! magic ( its /ory unfold$ be=e a panorama ( a/\nd+ sc5es w\ld hold ! int]e/ ( ! mo/ jad$ picture 8fan0 ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?4 ,! ,joe ,may s]ial1 8,! ,mi/ress ( ! ,_w0 %[n abroad 9 =ty-eight reels has also be5 cut d[n consid]ably = ,am]ican consumption4 ,x 0 made q "s "t previ\s to 8,! ,indian ,tomb0 & z a "w ( art _c be comp>$ ) x4 ,h[ev]1 ?r\gh\t its v>i\s *apt]s1 ,mr4 ,may %[s ! skill :i* 0 to atta9 its fulle/ fl[] 9 8,! ,indian ,tomb40 ,"h aga9 are m>vel\s sett+s1 "h also does he %[ t he kn[s ! value ( tempo1 al?\gh 9 a*iev+ x he has (t5 be5 =c$ to labor ) poor me*anical effects4 ,& "h1 too1 does he "k h[ to secure t awe-inspir+ surprise by sudd5ly %[+1 unexpect$ly b logically1 ! mo/ amaz+ glimpses ( extravagant1 magnific5t sc5]y4 ,9 ! mod]n society drama1 8,lav9ia ,morl&'s ,confession10 ,mr4 ,may has n bo!r$ ab\t big sett+s & has disc>d$ ! spectacul>4 ,& 9 ?is entirely diff]5t field ( picture production he has em]g$ triumphant aga9 ) a gripp+1 int5se drama1 relat$ by an accus$ woman 9 a cr[d$ c\rt room4 ,c]ta9ly ev]yone :o sees ! picture "h is go+ to imag9e himself j ano!r spectator 9 t c\rt4 ,^? are ! ?ree reasons :y ,mr4 ,may1 9 my m9d1 %\ld be plac$ on a high] p$e/al ?an ! mu* prais$ ,mr4 ,lubits*4 ,! latt] has %[n himself capable ( produc+ spectacles1 co/ume pictures4 ,! =m] has %[n himself capable ( produc+ any sort ( a picture--except a com$y4 ,i don't ?9k ,mr4 ,may c\ld produce a com$y4 ,8 com$y t\*es 9 "o ( 8 pictures are awful4 ,b !re ar5't _m ( !m4 ,& he didn't try any 9 8,! ,indian ,tomb40 ,mr4 ,may is a %[man & an arti/4 ,he kn[s values4 ,he kn[s & seems to "k full well h[ to a*ieve ! prop] balance 9 8 pictures4 ,he kn[s detail & uses x to mo/ effective advantage4 ,& above all1 he seems to be a natural born picture /ory tell]4 ,he is z mu* a "p ( 8 art z x has be5 %[n t ,frank ,borzage is a "p ( 84 ,mia ,may1 8 wife1 is p]haps some?+ ab\t ,joe ,may t ,am]ican audi5ces w object to4 ,mia ,may is n "y4 ,am]icans l "y & pretty faces4 ,europeans1 includ+ ,g]mans1 x is said1 aga9 ref]r+ to ! words ( ,mr4 ,lubits*1 tire ( a pretty face unless x is accompani$ by ability & ev5 pref] a face n q s pretty & n q s "y if ! ability is to be f\nd 9 x4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,detail ,br++ j ! "r am\nt ( detail ( /ory to ! scre5 a r>e accompli%m5t4--8,! ,law & ! ,woman0 a practical illu/ration ( ! injection ( ! prop] proportion ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,! "q ( detail has come up s (t5 9 ! discussion ( v>i\s directors & 9 _! v>i\s discussions reg>d+ direct+ t a few m words are1 p]haps1 due on ! all important matt]4 ,! injection ( detail 9 a /ory is by "r ! "w ( ! cont9uity writ]4 ,h[ev]1 mo/ ( ! directors t h be5 ref]r$ to "h1 z said1 are ei!r _! own cont9uity writ]s or !y ex]cise su* close sup]vision or collaboration ov] & on _! cont9uities t "h at lea/ ! injection ( detail is ! director's duty4 ,ev5 :5 a director foll[s a cont9uity closely )\t hav+ _h a h& 9 its con/ruction he (t5 realizes :]e detail w help ! complet$ picture due to "s peculi>ity ( sett+ & location1 & s he may inject x ( 8 own accord4 ,detail is1 )\t d\bt1 an elem5t t (t5 di/+ui%es good pictures f bad4 ,a sup]fluity ( /ory detail is a bad ?+4 ,if a director p]mits himself to w&] (f ! ma9 track & introduce irrelevant details believ+ t !y h int]e/ 9 !mselves alone1 he soon f9ds tr\ble gett+ back to ! ma9 track aga94 ,on ! o!r h&1 kn[+ j :]e a little injection ( detail1 a little prolongation ( ?is situation or t1 w help a /ory1 is a knack or a sep>ate art t is by no means common among directors4 ,to give ?is exce$+ly te*nical matt] a popul> light x is be/ to cite an in/ance :]e a picture 0 lift$ into ! class ( melodramatic ma/]pieces by ! skillful use ( x4 ,?is in/ance is repres5t$ by 8,! ,law & ! ,woman10 a picture direct$ by ,p5rhyn ,/anlaws4 ,?is picture is bas$ on ! old ,clyde ,fit* play1 8,! ,woman 9 ! ,case40 ,! situation e/abli%$ is ?is3 ,a woman ( no virtue :atev] br+s evid5ce to be> aga9/ an innoc5t man :o !reupon is tri$ & convict$ ( murd] & is s5t5c$ to die 9 ! electric *air4 ,! man's wife1 conv9c$ ( 8 innoc5ce1 ent]s into ! o!r woman's circle ( fri5ds1 plays ! "p ( a si/] "u ! sk9 & ultimately succe$s 9 =c+ a confession f h] t frees h] husb&--at ! la/ m9ute4 ,?is basic situation is r old4 ,x has appe>$ on ! scre5 9 v>i\s guises f "t immemorial4 ,! accus$ man--! la/ m9ute confession4 ,! climax us$ to be ! mad da% to ! prison 7! telephone wires 7 always out ( ord]7 & ! rescue ( ! condemn$ j z ! execution] 0 ab\t to ?r[ ! electric swit*4 ,naturally !n1 a picture-wise be+ kn[s full well ! outcome ( 8,! ,law & ! ,woman0 ev5 :ile he is 9 ! ?ick ( ! situation4 ,! director knew ?is too--knew t 8 audi5ce 0 go+ to "k h[ 8 /ory end$4 ,h[ !n to make !m =get t !y knew x8 ,h[ to make !m s int]e/$ 9 ! happ5+s on ! scre5 t !y 7 caught up 9 !m & lo/ sight ( ! =egone conclusion altoge!r8 ,! answ]3 ,by ! judici\s use ( detail4 ,?is judici\s application ( detail is to be f\nd 9 8,! ,law & ! ,woman0 z direct$ by ,mr4 ,/anlaws4 ,! wife is sev]al times ab\t to he> ! confession f ! lips ( ! o!r woman4 8,x's com+ n[10 y ?9k4 ,b no6 ,"s little detail arises to prev5t x4 ,! telephone r+s & :5 ! conv]sation is ov] ! o!r woman's incl9ation = confid5ces has pass$4 ,aga9 ! confession is ab\t to come :5 ! o!r woman 7ex]cis+ ! pr]ogative ( h] sex7 sudd5ly *anges h] m9d4 ,a half doz5 o!r su* little details halt t confession1 ! :ile ! spectator has completely =gott5 t he kn[s ! outcome4 ,all he is int]e/$ 9 is t confession4 ,9 ! f9al climax :5 ! desir$ words are wr5*$ f ! woman's lips detail is aga9 br\ght admirably into play4 ,! woman's sup]/itions are prey$ ^u4 ,%e is alone at a table4 ,a door slams4 ,a %ade flies up4 ,h] n]ves gr[ ragg$4 ,s d y\rs4 ,?r\gh\t x all ! utmo/ susp5se is ma9ta9$ until f9ally :5 ! confession comes y brea! ! same sigh ( wond]ful ?anks & relief t is brea!d by ! wife4 ,= skillful use ( detail !n1 ,p5rhyn ,/anlaws' "w 9 8,! ,law & ! ,woman0 is comm5d$4 ,& 9 case ,i am n giv+ cr$it :]e cr$it is due1 ,alb]t ,s4 ,le,vino prep>$ ! cont9uity4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,law ,,& ,,! ,,woman0 ,,is ,a ,,rem>kable ,,illu/ration ,,( ,,h[ ,,judici\sly ,,appli$ ,,detail ,,c ,,height5 ,a ,,dramatic ,,effect4 ,,x ,,0 ,,direct$ ,,by ,,p5hryn ,,/anlaws ,illu/ration3 8,,=bidd5 ,,fruit0 ,,is ,,an ,,extravagant1 ,,fasc9at+ ,,melodrama ,,direct$ ,,by ,,cecil ,,de ,,mille--,a ,,new ,,v]sion ,,( ,,8 ,,old ,,picture1 8,,! ,,gold5 ,,*ance10 ,,done ,,9 ,,8 ,,salad ,,days ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,m>%all ,,neilan ,,summ>izes ,mr4 ,neilan1 ^: moods run ! range ( human emotions1 believes t _m directors =get to put !mselves 9 ! places ( _! audi5ces4--,loss ( prop] p]spective results4--,mr4 ,neilan also summ>izes 9 su* complete fa%ion t he concludes ! argum5t ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,x appe>s aft] all t ,cecil ,de ,mille is ! only director 9 ! produc+ art :o doesn't believe 9 %[+ 8 play]s h[ to play a sc5e4 ,"h comes ,m>%all ,neilan ) "s words on direct+ & ! fir/ ?+ he says is3 8,"o ( ! mo/ pot5t assets ( ! director is 8 own ability to act4 ,x is a difficult matt] to tell a p]son h[ to d c]ta9 ?+s if "o doesn't "k h[ to d x "o's self4 ,x is a simple matt] to /op an actor 9 8 "w & tell him he isn't do+ x "r1 b x is ano!r matt] entirely to get out on ! set & %[ him ! error ( 8 ways be=e ! cam]a4 ,!re=e1 a director's ability to act is a fir/ asset40 ,?is1 com+ on top ( ! ,de ,mille =mula is disconc]t+4 ,disconc]t+ because bo? ,mr4 ,de ,mille & ,mr4 ,neilan manage to get ! utmo/ f _! play]s4 ,& !y g ab\t x 9 entirely diff]5t ways x w\ld seem4 ,z a result nei!r "o ( !m c be wrong & !y bo? mu/ be "r4 ,a cold c be cur$ by repeat$ swall[s ( hot scot* b o!rs pref] to /uff !mselves full ( qu99e & let x g at t4 ,! cold is done away ) 9 bo? cases4 ,h5ce good p]=mances are se5 9 bo? ,neilan & ,de ,mille pictures4 ,mr4 ,neilan elaborates fur!r on ! subject ?us3 8,by ! same tok5 x is m or less impossible to correct ! portrayal ( a c]ta9 piece ( bus9ess if y hav5't ! ability to demon/rate j h[ x %\ld be correct$4 ,9 practically e sc5e t a director takes he is oblig$ fir/ to get out on ! set & %[ an actor or an actress h[ to p]=m a bit ( bus9ess or h[ to regi/] an expression4 ,s1 naturally a director mu/ be able to act4 ,he may be a bad actor or a good "o b z long z he is able to %[ :at he wants done & h[ he wants x done 8 "w is go+ to be mu* easi]4 8,?is is specially true 9 ! h&l+ ( *ildr5 on ! scre54 ,*ildr51 tal5t$ or n1 are n possess$ ( ye>s ( actual /age or scre5 exp]i5ce :i* is necess>y to give a p]=m] ! prop] f9esse & poli% 9 actual scre5 "w4 ,! director ) ! ability to act c get out be=e ! cam]a & g ?r\gh ! *ild's "p = him1 incorporat+ 9 x ! poli% t he desires ! *ild to put into x4 ,if ! *ild is a good mimic ! re/ is easy4 ,& ,i am n afraid t 9 mimick+ me ! *ild is go+ to give a me*anical p]=mance40 ,mr4 ,neilan kn[s :]e( he speaks :5 x comes to h&l+ *ildr54 ,two ( 8 be/ pictures1 8,p5rod0 & 8,d9ty0 7 /ories ) a boy actor1 ,wesley ,b>ry1 play+ ! pr9cipal role4 ,9 fact1 x is due to ,mr4 ,neilan's tutelage t "y ,b>ry has rea*$ 8 pres5t /ate ( popul>ity4 ,he has come "u o!r directors besides ,mr4 ,neilan b ! tea*+s he receiv$ f ! creator ( 8 two be/ pictures /ill rema94 ,cont9u+ on ! same !me ,mr4 ,neilan says3 8,! m]it ( an actor's p]=mance dep5ds 9 ratio on ! director's ability to %[ him :at he wants4 ,?is acc\nts = ! reason t c]ta9 actors & actresses receive flatt]+ praise = _! p]=mances "u "o director :ile "u ! next director !y may fail mis]ably4 ,any numb] ( su* in/ances c\ld be cit$ b ,i h lots ( fri5ds among ! actors & actresses & ,i don't want to turn !m into enemies ov] night40 ,i d n altoge!r subscribe to ?is /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,neilan's4 ,x is q true t play]s h ga9$ fame "u "o director & !n work$ ) ano!r & fall5 d[n on ! job4 ,9 fact "o produc+ company rec5tly elevat$ a c]ta9 actress to />dom because ( h] excell5t "w 9 "o ( its big pictures4 ,b z soon z %e left ! guidance ( ! director :o made ?is picture h] ability seem$ to take w+s & leave h] 9 ! lur*4 ,b blam+ ^! sudd5 transitions f good to bad on ! directors ability to %[ an actor h[ to "w1 & ! next fell['s refusal or inability to %[ him h[ is n1 to my way ( ?9k+1 exactly "r4 ,x may h some?+ to d ) x b aft] all if a director %[s all 8 play]s h[ he wants a sc5e done1 ! result1 z ,mr4 ,de ,mille po9t$ out1 w\ld ev5tually result 9 ! entire ca/ giv+ me*anical imitations ( ! director 9 a protean act4 ,an actor does bett] "w = c]ta9 directors1 includ$ among :i* is ,mr4 ,neilan1 because = su* directors he has respect1 he believes 9 _! ability1 !y reta9 8 confid5ce4 ,!n too ,mr4 ,neilan & ! o!rs inspire an actor to 8 greate/ ef=ts4 ,! en?usiasm ( ! arti/ic director is communicat$ to ! actor4 ,if he is any sort ( an actor he simply c't g wrong :5 work+ "u ! direction ( a truly arti/ic director su* z ,mr4 ,neilan4 8,! dramatic s5se--! s5se ( dramatic con/ruction0 cont9ues ,mr4 ,neilan1 8is ano!r highly important asset ( ! motion picture director4 ,?is rem>k is1 ( c\rse1 some:at obvi\s b 9 my op9ion !re are too _m s-call$ directors :o turn out ma*9e-made pictures & ! *ief reason t !y are ma*9e-made is because _! mak]s don't "k ! lea/ ?+ ab\t con/ruction4 ,half ( !m w\ldn't "k a dramatic situation if x 0 ?ru/ "u _! v>i\s noses4 8,x doesn't make any diff]5ce :e!r ?is dramatic s5se is a result ( ye>s ( /udy ( ! drama or :e!r x is j a subconsci\s six? s5se ?r[n 9 along ) ! o!r five4 ,x's ! same 9 o!r bran*es ( "w1 creative or o!rwise4 ,"s m5 become great g5]als ?r\gh long ye>s ( /udy & application to ! sci5ce ( w>4 ,ano!r man j /eps 9 & is able to conv]se ) !m on ev5 t]ms because he is an in/9ctive g5]al4 ,9 ! motion picture produc+ art e director :o has creat$ a position = himself has ei!r acquir$ ! dramatic s5se ?r\gh ye>s ( /udy or else has x +ra9$ 9 him s deeply t he c\ldn't lose x ev5 if 8 job 7 clean+ /reets4 8,!re are _m ( our directors 9 ! latt] class4 ,fell[s born ) ! dramatic s5se4 ,! art ( picture produc+ has recruit$ s _m "y m5 t p]haps ! majority ( !m mu/ ne$s be put 9 ?is class4 ,9 ! ye> to come ,i s9c]ely believe t ! /udy ( ! creation ( motion pictures w be taught z an art or craft j z playmak+ is today4 ,9 fact1 ! sc5>io classes 9 _m ( ! univ]sities n[ are pav+ ! way = ! broad] classes to come4 ,mo/ ( ! dramatic s*ol>s 9 ! picture art h be5 recruit$ f ! /age4 ,^! are ! m5 :o h ! traditions & ! tea*+s ( drama at _! f+] tips4 8,:]e does ?is s5se help8 ,a pla9 in/ance is ! director's ability or inability to "k :5 a situation is h&l$ correctly 9 a /ory4 ,8 dramatic s5se w answ] ! "q = him4 ,if ! situation is treat$ falsely he w "k h[ to *ange x--he w in/antly detect ! fault & elim9ate x40 ,"h ,mr4 ,neilan takes up ! same l9e ( ?\ght t ,i endeavor$ to set d[n 9 ! second *apt] ( ?is book4 ,! p[] ( visualization1 :i* enables a director to detect ! "r f ! wrong1 is ! second mo/ important asset ( ! motion picture director4 ,)\t x he is totally at a loss4 ,?is dramatic s5se1 or r ?is dramatic-picture s5se is really no?+ less ?an ! p[] ( visualization4 ,! two ?+s "w to ! same end &1 call x :at y w1 no man c ev] hope to be a director & live to be recogniz$ z su* )\t ! p[] ( visualization or1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,neilan1 ! six? s5se4 8,p]haps ,i %\ld place ahead ( ^! two requisites10 ,mr4 ,neilan goes on to say1 8! ability ( ! director to put himself 9 ! place ( 8 audi5ce--to view 8 "w ?r\gh n only neutral b critical eyes4 ,fir/ x is necess>y to keep )9 ! und]/&+ ( ! av]age photoplay audi5ce4 ,&1 don't =get1 t x has be5 discov]$ t ! age ( ! av]age picture audi5ce is />tl+ly l[--some:]e 9 ! 'te5s'4 ,if we pres5t ?+s on ! scre5 t are five ye>s ahead ( an audi5ce we ar5't ! "r k9d ( creators4 ,x is j z bad to d ?is z to pres5t some?+ five ye>s beh9d ! times4 8,l all directors ,i "k !re is room = improvem5t 9 scre5 "w4 ,! art is "y yet & has got to advance sl[ly1 ma9ly because its trem5d\s & cosmopolitan foll[+ w only advance sl[ly4 ,! motion picture c't af=d to g too f> ahead ( its audi5ce4 ,x c keep a few paces ahead & enc\rage its audi5ces to come up ^? few paces b x c't g too f> afield4 8,?is matt] ( a director view+ 8 "w f ! vantage po9t ( ! audi5ce has a m practical application z well4 ,! director mu/ reta9 8 p]spective on 8 picture--mu/ reta91 t is1 8 fir/ fre% p]spective4 ,s _m directors become s satiat$ 9 _! "w t !y lose ! value ( _! pictures4 ,!y h gone ov] _! /ories 9 e sc5e f ! sc5>io all ?r\gh ! process ( direct+ & 9 ! cutt+ room :]e !y are confront$ ) ! difficult task ( br++ _! pictures d[n to ! requir$ l5g? !y are incl9$ to cut out valuable /ory mat]ial4 ,!y "k _! /ories s well t !y =get an audi5ce only sees !m once1 t an audi5ce z a rule is 9 total ignorance ( ! /ory until x beg9s on ! scre54 ,!re=e e po9t ( value 9 ! /ory mu/ be reta9$4 ,& to accompli% ?is ! director mu/ jump outside himself & view 8 picture f ! /&po9t ( ! layman e "t t he has any?+ to d ) x4 8,?is loss ( p]spective is "o ( ! reasons :y we h 'jumpy' pictures & pictures t seem lack+ 9 cont9uity40 ,mr4 ,neilan concludes ! subject ) ^! words3 8,above all1 ,i consid] t ! director's appreciation ( ! human side ( life is 8 greate/ asset4 ,unless a director is ?or\ghly human d[n to ! v e>? & appreciative ( ! ?+s 9 life t are common to ! ord9>y mortal he c n hope to atta9 any degree ( success4 ,if he himself has suff]$1 if he is a close /ud5t ( human nature & c reflect ! human ?+s on ! scre5 !n he automatically becomes a successful director--,i might almo/ say a true arti/40 ,mr4 ,neilan hasn't bo!r$ to li/ 8 own abilities :i* are manifold4 ,8 moods run ! range ( human emotions4 ,he c transport an audi5ce ) ! quiet beauty & s9c]e pa?os ( 8 "w z he did 9 ! be/ ,m>y ,pick=d picture ev] made1 8,/ella ,m>is10 or he c become positively ,goldb]gian 9 8 creations & rival ,mack ,s5nett z he did 9 8,d9ty40 ,mr4 ,neilan is 8 own be/ answ] to all ! argum5ts he has set =? "h4 ,i _h int5d$ to atta* a summ>y to ?is book1 li/+ ! requirem5ts ( ! successful director b on beg9n+ ! task ,i f9d t ,i w\ld be m]ely duplicat+ ,mr4 ,neilan's words4 ,he has compil$ ! summ>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>%all ,,neilan ,illu/ration3 ,,m>%all ,,neilan 7,,seat$7 ,,direct+ ,,wesley ,,b>ry ,,9 ,a ,,sc5e ,,= 8,,p5rod0 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii 8,,be/ ,,direct$0 ,,pictures ,a li/ ( contempor>y pictures 9 ea* "o ( :i* ! art ( ! director has be5 be/ display$ ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,i am n go+ to try1 9 conclusion1 to li/ ! be/ direct$ pictures made dur+ ! life ( ! picture produc+ art4 ,su* a li/ w\ld necess>ily be ov]long :ile ^? t we consid]$ ma/]pieces ?ree ye>s ago are inf]ior :5 mat*$ beside ! wor?y productions ( today4 ,! only picture t seems to h liv$ is 8,! ,bir? ( a ,nation40 ,?is fir/ pret5ti\s "w ( ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi? w naturally rank high 9 any li/ ( 8be/ pictures40 ,s1 too1 d "s ( ! e>li] ,*apl9 pictures :i* h be5 reissu$ _m times "u diff]5t titles4 ,! li/ ( be/ direct$ pictures app5d$ !re=e does n belong p>ticul>ly to "o p]iod ( produc+ activity4 ,x does conta91 h[ev]1 pictures t w be z good five ye>s f ! mom5t ( writ+ z !y 7 :5 fir/ %[n on ! scre5s ( ! picture !atres4 ,"t dims ! quality ( ! great rank & file ( pictures b x w h a difficult "t rubb+ ! poli% f ^!4 ,d\btless _m o!rs %\ld be includ$4 ,!re are ! delightful com$ies ( ,con/ance ,talmadge1 ! m s]i\s works ( ,norma ,talmadge1 numb]s ( ,m>y ,pick=d pictures & numb]s ( ,d\glas ,fairbanks pictures t w p]haps live long] ?an ^? includ$ "h4 ,william ,s4 ,h>t has immortaliz$ himself =ev] yet rec5t pictures ( 8 fail to react 9 z p[]ful a mann] z 8 e>li] "w4 ,fur!rmore1 !re h be5 "s exce$+ly popul> pictures t h be5 v badly direct$4 ,no ef=t has be5 made to include ^!4 ,& no ef=t has be5 made to include m9or pictures q well direct$4 ,all po9ts 9 ! matt] ( direction h be5 consid]$4 ,m9or faults h be5 gloss$ ov] :5 ! m]its h swung ! scales ov]:elm+ly 9 _! direction4 ,! li/1 f9ally1 is n to be tak5 z any?+ m ?an contempor>y4 8,%\ld] ,arms0 & 8,! ,kid10 direct$ by ,*>les ,*apl94 ,because1 9 addition to be+ ! be/ com$ies produc$1 !y %[ a m>vel\s insight into human nature & because ! divid+ l9e betwe5 _! com$y & ! trag$ies t might result f ! same situations1 is b ! wid? ( a hair4 8,way ,d[n ,ea/10 direct$ by ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi?4 ,because "h is a ma/]ly h&l$ picturization ( a fam\s old melodrama4 ,because ! r\gh edges h be5 smoo!d ov] by ! ma/] h& ( ! director & because x closes 9 ! bigge/ ?rill ev] pres5t$ on ! scre54 8,orphans ( ! ,/orm10 direct$ by ,d4 ,w4 ,griffi?4 ,because "h is a ma/]ly h&l$ picturization ( a fam\s old melodrama1 etc4 8,miss ,lulu ,bett0 & 8,midsumm] ,madness10 direct$ by ,william ,c4 ,de ,mille4 ,because bo? pictures1 deal+ ) classes ( p remotely remov$ f "o ano!r1 conta9 a p5etrat+ & true /udy ( "* & because ^! *>act]s h be5 weld$ toge!r 9 bo? in/ances 9 pot5t1 dramatic pictures4 8,! ,f\r ,horsem5 ( ! ,apocalypse0 & 8,! ,conqu]+ ,p[]10 direct$ by ,rex ,+ram4 ,because trag$y & spectacle has be5 h&l$ 9 ! "o1 & trag$y 9 ! o!r1 ) ! discrim9at+ eye ( an arti/4 ,because ea* pres5ts its director z able 9 creat+ an illusion on ! scre5 s complete z to dissolve ! !atre walls into a "p ( ! picture itself4 8,! ,?ree ,muskete]s10 direct$ by ,fr$ ,niblo4 ,because x is ! be/ ( ,d\glas ,fairbanks' _m be/4 ,because x displays ! fact t its director kn[s h[ to apply mod]n te*nique to a classic & /ill pres]ve ! wor? ( ! classic4 8,disraeli10 direct$ by ,h5ry ,kolk]4 ,because x is ! be/ scre5 v]sion ( a celebrat$ play ev] produc$4 8,! ,city ( ,sil5t ,m510 direct$ by ,tom ,=man4 ,because x raises a crook melodrama to ! level ( high art4 8,humoresque10 direct$ by ,frank ,borzage4 ,because x is ! mo/ fai?ful pres5tation ( racial traits & *>act]i/ics film$4 ,because its director reveals 9 x 8 uncanny p[] ( develop+ a scre5 "* until y c almo/ he> x speak4 8,s5tim5tal ,tommy10 direct$ by ,john ,rob]tson4 ,because a r>e & beautiful /ory has be5 transf]r$ to ! scre5 )\t h>m or loss & because 9 x its director gave "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t answ]s ev] giv5 to ^? :o claim !re are no arti/s 9 ! art ( picture produc+4 8,pet] ,ibbetson10 direct$ by ,george ,fitzmaurice4 ,because a r>e & beautiful /ory has be5 transf]r$ to ! scre5 )\t h>m or loss & because 9 x its director gave "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t answ]s ev] giv5 to ^? :o claim !re are no arti/s 9 ! art ( picture produc+4 8,/ella ,m>is10 direct$ by ,m>%all ,neilan4 ,because x is ! be/ picture 9 :i* ,m>y ,pick=d has ev] appe>$4 8,little ,"l ,fauntl]oy10 direct$ by ,al ,gre5 & ,jack ,pick=d4 ,because some?+ approa*+ an arti/ic a*ievem5t has be5 made f ?is anci5t too-s5tim5tal "w4 8,! ,indian ,tomb10 direct$ by ,joe ,may4 ,because1 ) ! exception ( humor1 x bl5ds e motion pictorial elem5t 9 a :ole s absorb+ t "t means no?+4 8,tol'ble ,david10 direct$ by ,h5ry ,k+4 ,because ! _s ( ! orig9al "w1 a "w ( lit]>y m]it1 has be5 skillfully communicat$ to ! scre54 8,! ,law & ! ,woman10 direct$ by ,p5rhyn ,/anlaws4 ,because an old plot has be5 translat$ into t]ms ( int5se melodrama ?r\gh ! judici\s use ( detail4 8,scrat* ,my ,back10 direct$ by ,sidney ,olcott4 ,because x is an orig9al1 +5i\s com$y done 9 excell5t ta/e4 8,ov] ! ,hill10 direct$ by ,h>ry ,mill>de4 ,because x is a s5tim5tal te>-j]k] done 9 ! mo/ highly skill$ fa%ion4 8,=bidd5 ,fruit10 direct$ by ,cecil ,b4 ,de ,mille4 ,because x repres5ts its director at 8 exotic1 mo/ extravagant be/4 8,passion10 direct$ by ,ern/ ,lubits*4 ,because x displays ! art ( h&l+ big masses ( p colorfully & because ) its spectacul> sc5es !re is a bl5d+ ( an absorb+ p]sonal /ory4 8,d9ty10 direct$ by ,m>%all ,neilan4 ,because x is "o ( ! mo/ captivat+1 rollick+ & delightfully fooli% ?+s ev] done on ! scre54 8,d\bl+ = ,romeo10 direct$ by ,cl>5ce ,badg]4 ,because x is "o ( ! mo/ captivat+1 rollick+ & delightfully fooli% ?+s ev] done on ! scre54 8,! ,sil5t ,call10 direct$ by ,laur5ce ,trimble4 ,because x is ! be/ melodramatic novelty ( ! ye>4 8,! ,miracle ,man10 direct$ by ! late ,george ,loane ,tuck]4 ,because--well1 j because4 8,! ,loves ( ,ph>aoh10 direct$ by ,ern/ ,lubits*4 ,because x is ! be/ "w ( ?is director4 ,because 9 x he m ne>ly actually rea*es 8 publicity p$e/al ?an 9 any o!r ( 8 pictures4 ,o!r ,exceptional ,books on ,,photography ,,& ,,k9dr$ ,,subjects ,motion ,picture ,photography ,by ,,c>l ,,l\is ,,gregory1 ,f4 ,r4 ,p4 ,s4 ,=m]ly ,*ief ,in/ructor 9 ,c9ematography1 ,signal ,corps ,price #f4jj ,s*ool ( ,photography1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york4 ,) special *apt]s by ,*>les ,w4 ,h(fman1 & by ,rese>* ,speciali/s ( ! ,rese>* ,laboratories1 ,ea/man ,kodak ,company4 ,motion ,picture ,projection ,by ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,associate ,editor1 ,practical ,electrics & ,sci5ce & ,price #e4jj ,inv5tion ,magaz9e4 ,! above book ( ,motion ,picture ,project+ includes ,electricity1 ,optics1 ,project+ ,ma*9es1 & ! ,int]mitt5t ,movem5t ( all k9ds & ! fulle/ details ( practise4 ,scre5 ,act+ ,by ,,inez & ,,hel5 ,,klumph ,) ! assi/ance & advice ( ,lillian & ,doro?y ,price #c4jj ,gi%1 ,colle5 ,moore1 ,mabel ,ball91 ,mae ,murray1 ,william ,s4 ,h>t1 ,ru? ,rol&1 & _m o!r di/+ui%$ motion picture play]s1 directors1 cam]am51 & makeup exp]ts4 ,p>ticul> ?anks is due ,ar* ,reeve ( ! ,fam\s ,play]s-,lasky ,corporation :o suppli$ mu* valuable data4 ,photoplay ,writ+ ,by ,,william ,,"l ,,wright ,au?or ( 8,! ,motion ,picture ,/ory10 8,! ,art ( ,price #c4jj ,sc5>io ,writ+10 =m]ly ,editor = ! ,selig ,polyscope ,co41 & ,pa! ,ex*ange1 ,inc42 also ,we/]n ,repres5tative = ,unit$ ,picture ,!atres1 ,inc41 ,editor1 ,s]ials & ,we/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ,univ]sal ,film ,mfg4 ,co41 ,univ]sal ,city1 ,calif4 ,publi%$ & ,copyright$ by ,,falk ,,publi%+ ,,co41 ,inc4 ,dep>tm5t #af #ade ,we/ #cf? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,us$ z supplem5t>y texts 9 ,,new ,,york ,,in/itute ,,( ,,photography ,,new ,,york ,,*icago ,,brooklyn 7,s5d all ord]s to ! ,publi%]s7 ,! ,new ,york ,in/itute ( ,photography gives a complete ,resid5ce ,c\rse 9 ,photography ,,motion ,,picture ,,comm]cial ,,portraiture cov]+ 9 a ?or\gh & practical way e phase ( ?is pr(itable pr(ession ,= ,complete ,catalog & location ( our mo/ conv5i5t ,s*ool address ! c5tral (fice3 ,new ,york ,in/itute ( ,photography ,dep>tm5t #af #ada ,we/ #cf? ,/reet ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,correct$ require to acquire on p4 #e4 #b4 ,correct$ exi/s to exits on p4 #bg4 #c4 ,correct$ *9+ to *9n+ on p4 #ig4 #d4 ,correct$ ev]yone to 8e "o0 on p4 #aia4 #e4 ,correct$ ,ph>oah to ,ph>aoh on p4 #aie4 #f4 ,correct$ p\r to pore on p4 #bji4 #g4 ,add$ ( aft] mo/ on p4 #bad4 #h4 ,correct$ site to cite on p4 #bad4 #i4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors4 #aj4 ,reta9$ ana*roni/ic & non-/&>d spell+s z pr9t$4 #aa4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4