,illu/ration3 ,,color ,,cem5t ,,tiles ,,& ,,pott]y ,illu/ration3 ,,color ,,cem5t ,,h&icraft ,,p$ro,j,,lemos ,,reta,a,,lemos ,,! ,,davis ,,press ,,worce/] ,,massa*usetts ,copyright1 #aibb by ,! ,davis ,press1 ,inc4 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,d$icat$ to ,,rob]t ,b4 ,,h>%e ,director ( ! ,*icago ,art ,in/itute = 8 e>ly recognition & enc\ragem5t ( ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,page ,=eword #i ,*apt] #a4 ,mat]ials & ,equipm5t #aa ,*apt] #b4 ,! ,mak+ ( ,pla/] ,molds #ba ,*apt] #c4 ,pla9 & ,incis$ ,cem5t ,tiles #cc ,*apt] #d4 ,mak+ ,vases & ,b[ls #dg ,*apt] #e4 ,! ,use ( ,color 9 ,cem5t ,tiles #eg ,*apt] #f4 ,color ,cem5t ,relief ,tiles #fg ,*apt] #g4 ,! ,majolica ,tile #ge ,*apt] #h4 ,sgraffito ,color ,cem5t ,"w #hg ,*apt] #i4 ,model$ & ,c>v$ ,color ,cem5t #ie ,*apt] #aj4 ,color ,cem5t = ,b[ls & ,vases #ajc ,*apt] #aa4 ,glass ,mosaic ,tiles #aaa ,*apt] #ab4 ,fl[] ,boxes & ,o!r ,/raight ,=ms #aai ,*apt] #ac4 ,color ,cem5t = ! ,g>d5 #abi ,*apt] #ad4 ,! ,mak+ ( ,c&le/icks & ,book ,supports #ada ,*apt] #ae4 ,color ,cem5t = ,int]ior ,decoration #adg ,*apt] #af4 ,surface ,f9i%es #aei ,*apt] #ag4 ,decorations 9 ! ,op5 #afe ,*apt] #ah4 ,tile & ,pott]y ) ,color ,magnesite ,cem5t ,"w #agc ,*apt] #ai4 ,color ,cem5t ,projects = ! ,s*oolroom #agi ,*apt] #bj4 ,design+ = ,tiles & ,pott]y #aia ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,page ,color ,cem5t ,tiles & ,vases4 ,frontispiece 9 color ,tools = ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft #ah ,! ,mix+ ( ,pla/]-(-,p>is #ai ,helpful ,mat]ial = ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft #bj ,! ,mak+ ( ,pla/] ,molds #cj ,! ,mak+ ( ,molds #ca ,h[ to ,make ,color ,cem5t ,tiles #dd ,cem5t ,tile ,textures #de ,! ,incis$ ,tile #df ,vase ,molds #ee ,! ,f9i%+ ( ,cem5t ,pott]y #ef ,use ( ,color 9 ,cem5t ,tiles #fd ,color ,tile ,me?ods #fe ,pla/] & ,clay ,model$ ,cem5t ,tiles #gc ,color ,cem5t ,tiles & ,pott]y by ,art ,s*ool ,/ud5ts #gd ,! ,majolica ,tile #hc ,slip ,pa9t$ ,tiles #hd ,slip ,pa9t$ ,tile ,me?ods #he ,sgraffito ,tile & ,sgraffito 9 ,ar*itecture #ic ,model$ & ,c>v$ ,cem5t ,tile ,me?ods #ajb ,color ,cem5t ,vases #ajh ,color ,cem5t ,vases #aji ,mosaic ,tile ,me?od #aaf ,mosaic ,tiles #aag ,mosaic ,/one ,tiles #aah ,?ree ,cem5t ,box ,me?ods #abf ,! ,mak+ ( a ,cem5t ,box #abg ,helps 9 ,cem5t ,g>d5 ,pott]y #acg ,application ( ,cem5t ,tiles to ,ar*itectural ,use #ach ,color ,cem5t ,flag/ones us$ = a ,bridge1 ,g>d5 ,pa?way & ,entrance #aci ,color ,cem5t ,us$ = ,*imney ,/ones & ,flag/ones #adj ,book ,support & ,c&le/ick ,molds #ade ,color ,cem5t ,tiles = ,int]ior ,decoration #aed ,color ,cem5t ,tiles = ! ,fireplace #aee ,tile ,patt]ns = ,wall or ,floor #aef ,! ,unit ,tile & ,application #aeg ,cem5t ,tiles & ,woodwork #aeh ,a ,surface ,f9i% = ,cem5t ,h&icraft #afd ,decorations ,pa9t$ ) ,color ,cem5t #aga ,cem5t ,color ,pa9t$ ,decorations ,appli$ #agb ,! ,mak+ ( ,magnesite ,cem5t #agg ,magnesite ,objects ,ca/ f ,molds #agh ,s*oolroom ,projects 9 ,cem5t #ahe ,a ,tile 9 ,cem5t made 9 ! ,gramm> ,grades #ahf ,a ,tile made 9 ! ,int]m$iate ,grades #ahg ,color ,cem5t ,tiles & ,pott]y made by ! ,/ud5ts ( a ,high ,s*ool #ahh ,problems 9 ,cem5t by ,/ud5ts ( an ,art ,s*ool #ahi ,helpful ,design ,pr9ciples = ,color ,cem5t ,"w #aih ,outl9e ,patt]ns = ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft #aii ,tone ,patt]ns = ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft #bjj ,egyptian1 ,roman1 & ,aztec ,relief ,decorations #bja ,,=eword ,x is evid5t to ! mo/ casual obs]v] t ! use ( cem5t & concrete has develop$ into a mo/ important build+ mat]ial--und\bt$ly ! mo/ important ( ! age4 ,indu/rial & vocational educators h recogniz$ ?is importance & ?\s&s ( s*ool *ildr5 h receiv$ in/ruction 9 its use & application to objects ( utility4 ,its use has be5 ! subject ( _m books1 & ! reason = ! issu+ ( ?is book is to pres5t 9 pr9t$ =m ! use ( color cem5t = ! decoration or surface enri*m5t ( cem5t & concrete objects4 ,we h]et(ore h ?\ght ( cem5t 9 t]ms ( r\gh surfaces & crude reta9+ walls1 little ?9k+ t beautiful patt]ns & textures are possible ) prop] comb9ations ( color ) cem5t1 pres5t+ possibilities = produc+ art tiles1 pott]y1 & decorations ( a high art quality4 ,aft] a /udy "s ye>s ago ( ! v>i\s =ms ( produc+ clay pott]y & its possible relation to s*ool arts & indu/rial education1 ! h&icap ( necess>y fir+ to give p]man5cy loom$ l>ge aga9/ its g5]al adaptation by s*ools4 ,?is result$ 9 consid]able rese>* & exp]im5t+ by ! au?ors ) cem5t & ! use ( color 9 ! endeavor to p>allel 9 "s measure ea* ( ! me?ods employ$ 9 ! mak+ ( fir$ tiles & pott]y4 ,p>ticul> att5tion 0 giv5 to simplify+ ! process ( secur+ p]man5t =m to _m ( ! pla/ic =ms ( s*oolroom art1 :i* h be5 pres5t$ 9 clay & o!r p]i%able m$iums4 ,) ! projects pres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s p]man5t useful objects c be secur$ by /ud5ts 9 _! s*ool art subjects4 ,att5tion 0 also giv5 to ! enri*+ or ref9+ by decoration ! _m objects h]et(ore made 9 cem5t & concrete by vocational classes4 ,! problems & me?ods expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ description solve ?is ne$4 ,craftsm5 or amateur home-work]s :o delight 9 creat+ & build+ objects ( beauty ar\nd !m c f9d 9 color cem5t a m$ium :i* w appeal to _! ne$s1 9 t ! necess>y work+ equipm5t is simple & ! "w c be done )9 small space4 ,! foll[+ *apt]s by no means complete ! /ory ( color cem5t4 ,!y record ! results ( ! "w ( ! au?ors & x is hop$ t x w /imulate int]e/$ read]s to c>ry ?is delightful h&icraft to ev5 great] a*ievem5ts4 ,! results a*iev$ h be5 accompli%$ ?r\gh sev]al ye>s' pati5t exp]im5t+ by ! au?ors1 b ! realization t _m o!r tea*]s1 craftsm5 & /ud5ts w be aid$ 9 cont9u+ ?is delightful1 durable h&icraft1 is 9 itself an enjoyable rew>d to ! au?ors = _! ef=ts4 ,reta ,a4 ,lemos ,p$ro ,j4 ,lemos ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #a ,mat]ials & ,equipm5t ,illu/ration ,,9 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,,color ,,cem5t ,,h&icraft ! *ief mat]ial us$ is ,portl& cem5t4 ,:ile ?is mat]ial has assum$ a mo/ important "p 9 ! build+ hi/ory ( our pres5t "t1 !re are n _m :o "k its hi/ory & s\rce1 & z e craftsman is a bett] craftsman if he kn[s some?+ ( ! /ory ( ! mat]ial ) :i* he works1 "h is ! brief /ory ( ,portl& cem5t4 ,,portl& ,,cem5t ,,d]ives ,,its ,,"n because ( resemblance 9 color to a /one qu>ri$ ne> ,portl&1 ,engl&1 & x 0 nam$ by its inv5tor1 ,joseph ,aspd9 9 #ahbd4 ,x is a manufactur$ product produc$ by a sci5tific process4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era ! ,romans us$ a natural cem5t v ext5sively1 & _m fragm5ts ( color frescoes & friezes rema9 f ! "w ( ! anci5ts1 %[+ t !y us$ color ) _! "w4 ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,+r$i5ts ,,( ,,portl& ,,cem5t are lime1 silica1 iron1 & alum9a4 ,^! mat]ials are mix$ 9 def9ite proportions & !n subject$ to a degree ( heat t almo/ causes !m to melt1 =m+ a cl9k] or slag4 ,?is cl9k] is gr\nd until x is r$uc$ to a p[d]1 & ?is is ! ,portl& cem5t4 ,portl& cem5t is g5]ally mix$ ) an aggregate to produce /r5g? & ?is aggregate is usually /one1 gravel or s&4 ,! ?ird mat]ial ne$$ to complete ! comb9ation is wat]4 ,,success ,,9 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,cem5t dep5ds l>gely ^u cem5t t is fre%4 ,cem5t is v s5sitive to moi/ure & if kept :]e fogs1 dew or moi/ure ( any nature is absorb$ into x1 ! fir/ set or 8hydration0 takes place & de/roys its use = f9e h&icraft4 ,,to ,,te/ ,,fre% ,,cem5t :5 ! cem5t sack is op51 ?ru/ ! h& into x & see t no h>d lumps are 9 x4 ,fre% cem5t w feel slipp]y & soapy :5 rubb$ betwe5 ! f+] tips4 ,if x feels gritty & s&y x may d = ! r\gh p>ts or body ( vases & tiles1 b only fre% cem5t %\ld be us$ to mix ) color & = surfac+ purposes4 ,,! ,,prop] ,,c>e ,,( ,,cem5t requires t x be kept 9 a cov]$ receptacle & kept 9 a dry place1 pref]ably up f ! floor if ! floor is ne> ! gr\nd4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 a dry1 tight "w-%op & ! doors %\ld be kept clos$ at night to avoid any moi/ure f ! night air rea*+ x4 ,no?+ c re/ore spoil$ cem5t & x %\ld n be us$ z ! results w be disc\rag+4 ,,good ,,grades ,,( ,,aggregates ,,%\ld ,,be ,,us$ 9 cem5t "w4 ,clean s& %\ld be us$ & a s& t is n too f9e is pref]able4 ,gravel & cru%$ rock us$ 9 l>ge "w su* z g>d5 seats1 l>ge b[ls & outdoor problems %\ld be ( a good grade to =m a good mixture4 ,,! ,,wat] ,,us$ ,,9 ,,cem5t ,,"w %\ld be free f all impurities4 ,mod]ately w>m$ wat] w ha/5 ! sett+ or h>d5+ ( cem5t :ile v cold wat] ret>ds ! h>d5+4 ,,!re ,,are ,,two ,,colors ,,( ,,cem5t1 gray & :ite4 ,portl& cem5t is gray 9 color & a :ite cem5t is also made t is a ref9$ =m ( cem5t4 ,:ite cem5t is n z h>d or durable z gray cem5t1 b gives a smoo? surface & sets z satisfactorily z ! gray cem5t4 ,x is m exp5sive ?an ! gray cem5t & %\ld n be us$ lat] ?an six mon?s aft] ! sack is op5$4 ,,:5 ,,cem5t ,,is ,,us$ ,,alone ,,x ,,is ,,t]m$ 8,,neat40 ,:5 x is mix$ ) rock1 gravel or s& x is t]m$ 8concrete40 ,concrete produces /r5g? & ! neat cem5t produces a smoo? texture & surface4 ,:5 concrete is us$ ! cem5t & wat] w rise to ! top & if ! surface is work$ & press$ ) a tr[el ! cem5t is 8fl[$0 to ! top1 produc+ a smoo? surface4 ,,molds ,,are ,,us$ ,,= ,,=m+ ,,cem5t ,,& ,,concrete1 & are made f wood1 metal or pla/]-(-,p>is4 ,! =ms 9 all in/ances %\ld be ti$ or brac$ toge!r to prev5t ! moi/ure ( ! mixture f runn+ out1 z ! wat] is ess5tial to ! successful h>d5+ ( ! cem5t4 ,9 ! mak+ ( cem5t pott]y & tiles1 pla/]-(-,p>is molds or =ms are g5]ally us$ & pla/]-(-,p>is !re=e =ms an important mat]ial 9 ! mak+ ( color cem5t h&icraft4 ,pla/]-(-,p>is is made 9 diff]5t degrees ( sett+ p]iods4 ,^! are quick-sett+1 m$ium-sett+1 & sl[-sett+4 ,ca/+ pla/] or sculptor's pla/] %\ld be ask$ = & a m$ium-or sl[-sett+ pla/] is pref]able = ! beg9n]4 ,,cem5t1 ,,aggregates1 ,,wat] ,,& ,,pla/] ,,=m ,,! ,,ma9 ,,p>ts ( our work+ mat]ials except+ ! color1 :i* is especially describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,color4 ,,! ,,equipm5t = concrete pott]y is simple1 & mu* ( x may be press$ into s]vice f mat]ial to be f\nd ab\t ! h\se or work%op4 ,inv5tive +5uity on ! "p ( ! work] w f9d clev] uses = _m disc>d$ kit*5 ut5sils & unus$ tools4 ,foll[+ is a li/ ( conv5i5t ?+s ne$$ to produce pott]y4 ,^! may be add$ to or elaborat$ ?r\gh p]sonal requirem5ts4 ,,work+ ,,equipm5t4 galvaniz$ iron pans ab\t #b x #c feet #b l>ge spoons #d or #e pans #b ladles #a l>ge file or rasp #b table knives #c pieces ( ord9>y glass ab\t #ab x #ah in*es #a palette knife #a lb4 model+ wax #a bri/le bru% in* wide #b small sable oil bru%es1 ,no4 #a or #b #a small clay-model+ tool #b pieces ( ?9 wood = mix+ paddles doz4 small sauc]s or butt] di%es /rips ( ?9 metal ?9 s(t wire #a sift] #b pails mull] & pe/le sev]al pieces ( surfac$ wood ab\t #ab in*es squ>e4 ,) a flat table to "w on1 runn+ wat] or a pail ( wat] h&y1 a box to receive wa/e pla/]-(-,p>is & cem5t1 ! prop] environm5t = color cem5t is set4 ,,galvaniz$ ,,iron ,,wat] ,,trays c be made by tak+ a ?ree-in* by sev5-in* %eet & cutt+ a two-in* /rip (f ( "o end1 res]ve = mak+ scrap]s & o!r useful tools4 ,cut ! rema9+ metal into ?ree rectangul> sections = trays4 ,to make ! trays1 lay "o ( ^! pieces ov] a /rong box ) an ev5 edge & hamm] into tray %ape z %[n 9 ! accompany+ plate4 ,! corn]s %\ld be b5t s z to make ! trays wat]pro( )\t sold]+4 ,a wood5 mallet %\ld be us$ = hamm]+ ! metal z a metal hamm] may cut ! metal4 ,,mold+ ,,case4 ,sev]al pieces ( bo>d h+$ toge!r ) "o s]ies ( edges com+ s t !y w re/ ev5ly on a flat surface1 w produce an adju/able case to use 9 mak+ molds4 ,a /rong cord w keep x 9 place4 ,a /rip ( metal 7t91 brass or iron7 may be us$ z a cyl9d]1 ! circumf]5ce be+ press$ 9 & ti$ to con=m to ! dim5sions ( ! object to be mold$4 ,,mix+ ,,paddles4 ,paddles = mix+ pla/] or cem5t c be made out ( firm wood /rips & h&les %ap$ to fit ! h&4 ,,incis+ ,,tools4 ,a nail hamm]$ into a piece ( firm wood & ! head snipp$ (f ) nipp]s !n %>p5$ ) a file or em]y /one until x is a tap]+ w$ge po9t4 ,nut picks may be fil$ d[n slightly = ?is purpose4 ,two or ?ree po9ts ( v>y+ wid?s w be h&y to h1 p>ticul>ly :5 "s ( !m disappe> occasionally z all small tools w4 ,,scrap]4 ,a piece ( b>rel /ave or heavy wire b5t l a croquet wicket ) a wire fa/5$ f end to end is p>ticul>ly conv5i5t :]e a numb] ( clay or pla/ic5e tiles are to be produc$4 ,= class use two /rips ( wood are fa/5$ to ! b5*1 ! desir$ wid? sep>at+ ! /rips4 ,betwe5 ^! /rips a piece ( /rong pap] %\ld be laid & ! clay or pla/ic5e press$ firmly onto x betwe5 ! /rips4 ,! scrap] w %ave ! surplus clay if x is mov$ along s t ! wire re/s on ! wood5 /rips4 ,measure (f ! six-in* or eight-in* squ>es1 cut across ) a knife f /rip to /rip & remove ! squ>es by slid+ ! pap] out4 ,?is w give a smoo?1 ev5 surface on :i* to model or incise designs4 ,,! ,,o!r ,,items ,,( ,,equipm5t all h _! "p to play z foll[s3 #b l>ge spoons--,= h&l+ pla/] & cem5t4 #a l>ge file or rasp--,= occasional use on ! tile edge4 #c pieces ( glass--,on :i* to ca/ tiles4 #b table knives--,= p>+ molds1 etc4 #a palette knife--,= work+ color into cem5t4 #a bri/le bru%--,) :i* to oil molds4 ,small model+ tool--,to use on clay & pla/ic5e4 ,nut picks--,= incis+4 doz4 small sauc]s--,9 :i* to mix colors4 ,?9 s(t wire--,= cutt+ molds4 ,sift]--,to sift cem5t & color = glazes4 #b pails--,9 :i* to mix cem5t & pla/]4 ,mull] & pe/le--,gr9d+ m9]al colors ) cem5t4 ,x may be unnecess>y to add t ! old axiom 8,a place = ev]y?+ & ev]y?+ 9 its place10 w d wond]s t[>d keep+ ! temp] sweet1 & a good temp] is a mo/ necess>y +r$i5t = produc+ good cem5t h&icraft4 ,illu/ration3 ,tools = ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mix+ ( ,pla/]-(-,p>is ,illu/ration3 ,helpful ,mat]ial = ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #b ,! ,mak+ ( ,pla/] ,molds ,illu/ration ,,! ,,successful ,,use ,,( ,,pla/] is su* an important "p 9 ! mak+ ( color cem5t tiles & pott]y t z a prelim9>y /ep or auxili>y to ! cem5t craft x %\ld be well accompli%$ by ! /ud5t be=e us+ ! cem5t4 ,x is n at all difficult & = ^? :o h n us$ pla/]1 !re awaits an int]e/+ m$ium = all =ms ( pla/ic applications or adaptations4 ,our conc]n ) x w be 9 ! mak+ ( successful molds = ! produc+ or reproduc+ ( our cem5t tiles & pott]y1 b a :ole book c\ld be writt5 ^u ! mak+ ( pla/] objects4 ,! uses ( pla/] =m a l>ge indu/ry & _m art objects are produc$ 9 pla/] = _m =ms ( appli$ art4 ,,pla/] ,,is ,,s5sitive to moi/ure1 & %\ld be kept 9 a dry place4 ,if pla/] does n set )9 a %ort "t x probably is old & ev5 if x does set 9 "t x w h a t5d5cy to pulv]ize4 ,x is always saf] to pur*ase an entire sack ?an to pur*ase a small lot f ! h>dw>e deal]1 groc]1 or druggi/1 = ! *ances are t 8 pla/] has be5 expos$ 9 a b9 s long t its /r5g? has vani%$4 ,?is is m5tion$ because in/ances h be5 kn[n :]e tr\ble 9 ca/ mak+ 0 trac$ to j su* conditions4 ,,on ,,receiv+ ,,! ,,sacks ,,( ,,pla/] ,,& ,,cem5t ! t5d5cy w be to let cont5ts rema9 9 ! sacks4 ,x w be f\nd mu* m conv5i5t & economical to empty ! sacks into a small b>rel or box to :i* a cov] has be5 made4 ,a t9 tray "u ! box or b>rel w cat* all wa/e t may drop ar\nd ! edge1 prev5t+ ! mat]ial f be+ track$ ov] ! floor4 ,a nail or hook on ! side ( ! b>rel = hold+ ! ladle or spoon us$ = tak+ out ! pla/] w enable y to f9d x :5 y ne$ x4 ,,!re ,,are ,,v>i\s ,,grades ,,( ,,pla/]1 b ! be/ = ?is purpose is mold+ pla/]4 ,! pla/] %\ld always be kept 9 a good dry location4 ,,to ,,mix ,,pla/] ,,successfully = molds obs]ve ! foll[+ directions3 ,a bucket or pan l>ge en\gh to conta9 ! requir$ am\nt ( pla/] ne$$ %\ld be us$4 ,!n half ! wat] = ! am\nt ( pla/] us$ %\ld be p\r$ into ! bucket4 ,sift ! pla/]-(-,p>is ?r\gh ! f+]s into ! wat]1 until ! wat] absorbs x no long]4 ,?is c be det]m9$ by small portions ( ! pla/] rema9+ on ! surface4 ,!n /ir ! :ole mass sl[ly ) ! mix+ paddle until ! passage ( ! paddle ?r\gh ! pla/] leaves a *annel :i* closes up sl[ly4 ,,x ,,is ,,!n ,,p\r$ ,,promptly into ! c5t] ( ! space on ! glass prep>$ = ! pla/] tile s t ! p\r$ pla/] gradually spreads f ! c5t] t[>d ! corn]s & edges fill+ up ! spaces & com+ up ! sides to ab\t "o-half in* height4 ,j>r+ ! table or a slight %ak+ ( ! glass w cause ! pla/] to settle v level z well z caus+ any bubbles 9 ! pla/] to rise to ! surface & break4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! pla/] is n too ?ick be=e be+ p\r$4 ,?is /age ( ! proce$+s requires "o hav+ _! wits al]t1 & discuss+ ,futuri/ art or any o!r topic may result 9 8try1 try aga940 ,if ! pla/] appe>s too ?9 m pla/] %\ld be add$ until x is ! prop] consi/5cy4 ,aft] ! pla/] is p\r$ x %\ld set = ab\t half an h\r 7v>y+ accord+ to ! dryness ( ! atmosph]e7 be=e any attempt is made to remove x4 ,mean:ile all buckets1 paddles1 ladles1 etc41 conta9+ pla/] %\ld be clean$ :ile ! pla/] is s(t & easy to remove4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,pla/] ,,mold ,,is ,,ready ,,to ,,remove1 a table knife slightly ins]t$ betwe5 p>titions & c>efully pry$ w cause ! p>ts to sep>ate4 ,a mo/ important "p ( ca/+ molds & ! us+ ( ! pla/] molds is ! oil+4 ,all p>ts ( ! molds to come 9 contact ) fre% pla/]1 cem5t or concrete mu/ be ?or\ghly oil$ or greas$ to prev5t !m /ick+ to ea* o!r4 ,if wood1 glass or metal is us$ ) pla/]1 cem5t or concrete1 rememb] to oil or grease su* surface be=e p\r+ ! pla/] or cem5t on x4 ,if y d n1 y w h to use a *isel & ) disc\rag+ results4 ,! be/ way to oil ! surface is z foll[s3 ,,glass--,apply salad oil ) bru% or clo? remov+ z mu* z w come ) ! palm ( ! h&4 ,,pla/] ,,b>s ,,& ,,mold %\ld fir/ be soak$ 9 wat] t5 or fifte5 m9utes to prev5t draw+ ! moi/ure out ( ! fre% pla/] or cem5t4 ,wipe (f surface moi/ure ) s(t clo?1 & replace ) oil1 be=e us+ = mold+4 ,if oil is left ?ick or 9 bru% /reaks1 x w leave its influ5ce on ! surface ( ! ca/+4 ,,wood--,a smoo?-surfac$ wood %\ld always be us$1 & oil$ well4 ,a good grease =mula = all surfaces is z foll[s3 ,?ree p>ts p>aff9 & "o "p tall[1 melt & add "o p9t ( k]os5e4 ,?is is appli$ ) a bru%4 ,,z ,,an ,,exp]im5t ,,problem = ! use ( pla/] s z to become famili> ) its use1 we w proce$ ) ! ca/+ ( a simple flat pla/] tile4 ,tak+ a piece ( glass1 smoo? bo>d1 m>ble or oil clo?1 bru% ! surface ) a little salad or lubricat+ oil1 or l9se$ oil4 ,!re %\ld be no free oil on ! surface or /reaks ( oil z su* w cause an unev5 surface4 ,:5 us+ glass x is possible to ins]t a diagram or patt]n ( ! %ape und]nea? on a piece ( pap] z a guide to ! b>s or reta9+ walls ( ! mold4 ,^! reta9+ b>s or walls may be ( v>i\s mat]ials4 ,/rips ( wood or pla/] are excell5t & /rips ( l9oleum1 metal & ev5 glass are us$4 ,if f\r pieces ( wood ab\t t5 or twelve in*es long & "o & "o-half in*es wide are us$ !y c always be adju/$ to fit any dim5sion f twelve in*es d[n1 by be+ plac$ z %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,,to ,,oil ,,! ,,reta9+ ,,b>s1 bru% ! surface to come 9 contact ) ! pla/] & !n hold ! wood 9 position ov] ! diagram bel[1 us+ model+ wax or clay to keep x 9 position4 ,! clay ( c\rse %\ld always be 9 position on ! outside ( ! wood & %\ld nev] be 9 ! space into :i* ! pla/] is to be p\r$4 ,,pla/] ,,h>d5s ,,sl[ly ,,9 ,,cold ,,wea!r & h>d5s rapidly 9 a w>m temp]ature4 ,salt add$ to pla/] w cause x to set m rapidly & to h>d5 m firmly4 ,no exact proportion c be giv5--j a little spr9kl$ 9 a pan ( pla/] w cause x to set m rapidly4 ,,diff]5t ,,pla/]s ,,set ,,at ,,diff]5t ,,p]iods4 ,z has be5 describ$ be=e1 ca/+ pla/]s c be secur$ 9 quick-sett+1 m$ium-or sl[-sett+ mixtures4 ,m$ium-sett+ or sl[-sett+ w be f\nd to be good av]age mixtures = use4 ,,to ,,release ,,! ,,pla/] ,,tile aft] x has h>d5$ 7g5]ally a half h\r w insure ! h>d5+ action z be+ complet$71 ! b>s c be releas$ & ! tile g5tly lift$ at "o corn] w cause x to come ap>t f ! oil$ surface4 ,if glass is us$ ! glass c be plac$ upright & ! sep>at+ ( ! tile f ! glass c be wat*$ z indicat$ by ! moi/ure suction disappe>+ z ! tile is gradually sep>at$4 ,if oilclo? is us$ ! tile c be turn$ ov] & ! oilclo? peel$ (f easily4 ,?is ( c\rse is necess>y only :]e any /ick+ occurs1 = mo/ times ! tile w sep>ate easily4 ,if /ick+ does occur x is g5]ally "s fault ( ! oil+ = x ne$s only "o or two little spots ov]look$ to cause consid]able tr\ble z ! pla/] w /ick to any "p t has be5 skipp$ 9 ! oil+4 ,pla/] dries rapidly & w dry 9 ! sun m rapidly4 ,:5 pla/] is damp x c be scrap$ or c>v$ easily4 ,temp]ature & ! age ( ! pla/] affect its dry+ p]iods4 ,,l>ge ,,tile ,,molds %\ld be /r5g!n$ by hav+ burlap /rips or wire imb$d$ into ! back :ile ! pla/] is s(t4 ,?is creates a /rong] lay] ?an :]e pla/] alone is us$4 ,wood /rips %\ld n be us$ = back+ pla/] unless ?or\ghly dri$ z o!rwise x causes crack+ by its %r9kage1 & x is be/ n to use x = re9=c+4 ,,to ,,correct ,,faults ,,9 ,,pla/] ,,ca/s use a little ( ! pla/] scrap$ f ! back to fill 9 holes or defects4 ,if a corn] or portion is brok5 (f1 g\ge a hole or cavity s t a little pla/] mix$ & plac$ on t section w become firmly connect$4 ,z x h>d5s1 a little ( x c !n be scrap$ ) a knife to connect correctly ) ! surr\nd+ p>ts or surface4 ,a ,,second ,,practice ,,problem is to take ! pla/] tile & incise a l9e patt]n 9 ! surface4 ,to make ! incis+ easi]1 dip ! tile 9 wat] & !n trace ! design previ\sly prep>$ onto ! pla/]4 ,pressure alone on ! pap] ) a p5cil w make an ind5tation on ! pla/] t c be easily foll[$ 9 ! incis+4 ,,! ,,designs ,,= ,,incis$ ,,patt]ns are be/ :]e ! l9es enclose a %ape4 ,! p>ts are m compreh5sive & confusion ( ! l9es w n result if simple outl9es are us$4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,design1 l9e patt]ns are %[n t are adaptable to incis$ "w4 ,,to ,,incise ,,! ,,patt]n take a nail po9t or nut pick or o!r metal po9t & %ape ! po9t on a gr9d/one or by ! use ( a file s t ea* incis$ l9e w h a tap]+ side4 ,if any und]cuts are produc$ ! ca/ or pla/] t is p\r$ into x w become lock$ & refuse to sep>ate4 ,! tile is next imm]s$ 9 wat]1 tak5 out & aft] ! wat] is absorb$1 a bru%+ ( oil is giv5 to x4 ,a ,,pla/] ,,tile ,,is ,,made ,,m ,,durable if x is dri$ & giv5 a coat or two ( %ellac be=e x is us$ = mold+ pla/] or cem5t4 ,o!rwise repeat$ bru%+ ( damp pla/] ) ! oil bru% w gradually we> ! edges & details ( ! mold away4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,ca/ ,,f ,,! ,,pla/] ,,mold1 x is surr\nd$ ) ! reta9+ b>s aft] !y h be5 oil$ & held 9 position ) ! model+ wax or clay2 ?is "t !y are plac$ firmly aga9/ ! sides ( ! pla/] mold4 ,,! ,,ca/ ,,( ,,our ,,fir/ ,,exp]im5t n[ becomes ! mold = our second practice problem z ! mold is always ! "p t produces ! ca/4 ,! ca/ 9 turn may become a mold = ano!r ca/4 ,,to ,,sep>ate ,,! ,,ca/ ,,f ,,! ,,mold ! b>s are remov$ & a knife edge is press$ betwe5 ! p>ts to sep>ate !m4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to become too anxi\s & =ce ! sections ap>t be=e ! ca/ has dri$ or !y w cause x to break4 ,if x refuses to come ap>t easily :5 completely dry1 a little wood5 w$ge tapp$ into ! crevices 9 "o or two places w cause x to "p easily4 ,sometimes pla/] fl[s ov] ! sides ( ! mold & b9ds ! edges toge!r4 ,on remov+ ! mold & ca/ f ! reta9+ b>s1 exam9e x to see if any pla/] is b9d+ x & if s remove x4 ,,if ,,! ,,p>ts ,,are ,,absolutely ,,solid x is because ! incis+ 0 n prop]ly done & ! l9es int]lock some:]e & ! only ?+ to d is to break !m ap>t & correct ! faults & try aga94 ,sometimes :5 int]lock+ tiles are sep>at$ ! faulty p>ts h fragm5ts ( ! opposite "p atta*$ 9 ! defective p>ts %[+ :]e ! faults are locat$4 ,,! ,,two ,,pla/] ,,tiles ,,%\ld ,,be ,,reta9$ = !y c be us$ 9 ca/+ pla9 cem5t & color cem5t tiles 9 v>i\s f9i%es4 ,:5 !y h completely dri$ !y %\ld be giv5 two or ?ree coats ( ?9 %ellac1 a day ap>t1 on ! surface only1 :i* w make !m good durable molds = future use4 ,,ca/+ ,,9 ,,! ,,r\nd is m difficult ?an flat ca/+ or bas-relief "w & :ile ! mak+ ( pla/] molds = vases & b[ls is giv5 p>ticul> att5tion 9 ! *apt] on ,cem5t ,b[ls & ,vases1 directions = ca/+ objects 9 ! r\nd w be giv5 "h4 ,,z ,a ,,good ,,te/ ,,problem take any small object or toy &1 if x is wood1 oil x well4 ,if x is porcela9 or glass x w n ne$ to be oil$4 ,a simple =m1 animal or bird1 c be made 9 model+ wax or clay to be us$ z ! orig9al or model f :i* to make a mold4 ,! be/ objects are ^? model$ 9 broad surfaces ) b little detail4 ,,prep>+ ,,= ,,ca/+4 ,! equator or half-way m>k %\ld be m>k$ on ! surface ( ! object1 z "o-half ( ! mold %\ld be made at a "t4 ,in/ead ( "o-half1 "o-?ird is (t5 us$ on r\nd objects to p]mit easi] release ( ! molds4 ,mold divisions :5 possible %\ld foll[ corn]s ( objects4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,section ( ! mold is made by plac+ a lay] ( clay along ! division l9es on ! object :i* h be5 indicat$ z division l9es = ! sections ( molds4 ,sometimes ! object c be laid on ! table or on glass & ! pla/] p\r$ ar\nd x up to ! half-way l9e z %[n 9 ! accompany+ plate4 ,9 ?is me?od a /rip ( l9oleum or metal c be plac$ ar\nd x to make a reta9+ wall = ! pla/]4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,fir/ ,,section is ca/1 ! model is remov$ f ! pla/] & if ! pla/] has ris5 pa/ ! equator x %\ld be scrap$ back & ind5tations or 8keys0 made 9 ! pla/] portions t are n ^? produc+ ! p>ts ( ! model4 ,! model is replac$ 9 its holl[ & ! entire surface ( ! mold t is expos$ is oil$1 includ+ ! sides ( ! metal1 l9oleum or :atev] is us$ z reta9+ walls4 ,pla/] is aga9 p\r$ = ! second half aft] :i* x is p]mitt$ to dry be=e sep>at+ ! mold sections4 ,,oil+4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! molds mu/ be oil$ aft] ea* ca/+ z ea* p\r+ absorbs ! oil4 ,all surfaces com+ 9 contact ) ! next p\r+ ( pla/] mu/ be oil$ to cause sep>ation4 ,,p\r+4 ,a hole mu/ be cut 9 ! molds to p]mit ! pla/] to ent]4 ,air holes lead+ upw>d z %[n 9 ! engrav+ are scrap$ upw>d out ( ! molds to p]mit ! escape ( ! air2 o!rwise air bubbles may be =m$ 9 ! pla/] caus+ defects4 ,,to ,,hold ,,mold ,,p>ts ,,toge!r tie a cord or wire ar\nd p>ts4 ,not*es cut on corn]s or edges ( molds to hold ! tie+ cord w prev5t !m f slipp+4 ,molds %\ld fit closely toge!r4 ,if = any reason !y d n1 ! crevices c be fill$ ) model+ wax z a tempor>y fill]4 ,! be/ results are obta9$1 h[ev]1 f p]fect molds & x is a sav+ ( "t to make a mold ov] if x is n p]fect 9 ! fir/ ca/+4 ,,releas+ ,,ca/4 ,aft] ! pla/] has set long en\gh to h>d51 ! molds are op5$ by g5tle pry+ or tapp+ ) a wood5 w$ge4 ,(t5 an ob/9ate ca/ is releas$ by plac+ ! mold ov] a /ove or flame = a few seconds4 ,?is causes ! /eam =m$ 9 ! mold to sep>ate ! mold f ! ca/4 ,,cem5t ,,b[ls ,,& ,,vases are made by p\r+ ?9 cem5t into ! molds & rotat+ ! mold & p\r+ out ! surplus cem5t4 ,aft] a few m9utes ano!r lay] is p\r$ 9 & ! op]ation repeat$4 ,?is me?od is expla9$ m fully 9 ! *apt] on ,b[ls & ,vases4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mak+ ( ,pla/] ,molds ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mak+ ( ,molds ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #c ,pla9 & ,incis$ ,cem5t ,tiles ,illu/ration ,a ,,k ,,9 ,,mix+ ,,cem5t is ! next /ep necess>y 9 ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft4 ,! /eps necess>y t[>d mix+ cem5t are simple1 ! ma9 po9t be+ t ! cem5t %\ld be fre%4 ,! /ud5t is caution$ to te/ ! fre%ness ( cem5t by see+ t no cak$ or h>d lumps ( cem5t are conta9$ 9 ! sack mixture4 ,z =m]ly expla9$ ! cem5t %\ld h a smoo?1 slipp]y feel+ :5 pass$ betwe5 ! f+]s4 ,,neat ,,cem5t is ! t]m appli$ to cem5t mix$ ) wat] )\t ! addition ( any s& or gravel4 ,neat cem5t produces a v smoo? surface & responds to reproduc+ e *ange 9 ! surface ( ! model4 ,x %\ld be us$ on ! surface only & n = ! entire tile or pott]y4 ,if us$ )\t any s& or gravel1 x is t]m$ 8too fat10 & has ! fault ( crack+ soon] or lat]4 ,!re=e neat cem5t is always back$ up ) a concrete mixture4 ,,concrete is a mixture ( s& & cem5t1 gravel & cem5t1 or rock & cem5t4 ,9 all in/ances :]e su* a mixture is made1 ! two p>ts %\ld be mix$ dry be=e any wat] is add$4 ,only en\gh %\ld be mix$ to meet imm$iate ne$s z x is n be/ to use cem5t t has /ood s long t x has comm5c$ to h>d54 ,,to ,,secure ,a ,,v ,,f9e ,,smoo? ,,surface = tiles or pott]y ! cem5t %\ld be us$ neat4 ,x mu/ be sift$ dry ?r\gh a f9e sieve & en\gh wat] add$ to make x ( easy work+ consi/5cy4 ,!n a mixture ( two-?irds gravel or s& & "o-?ird cem5t ) wat] add$ may be us$ on ! back ( ! tile or ! inside ( a vase & possibly aga9 l9$ ) a mixture ( neat cem5t4 ,cem5t or concrete c /& = an h\r or two & aga9 be us$ by add+ m wat] & mix+ ?or\ghly4 ,?is _c be done ) pla/] & %\ld be avoid$ ) cem5t or concrete4 ,if *emical action has comm5c$ & ! cem5t has p>tly set1 x naturally w h lo/ mu* ( its /r5g? = second use4 ,a ,,concrete ,,mixture ( "o "p cem5t & two p>ts s& or gravel w give good /r5g?4 ,! s& or gravel mu/ be clean4 ,if x conta9s any vegetable matt] or o!r s$im5t1 x %\ld be avoid$4 ,to te/ y\r s& quality put a f\r-in* lay] 9 an ord9>y qu>t j>1 fill ) wat] )9 ?ree in*es ( ! top4 ,cov] & %ake well4 ,!n p]mit ! s& to settle4 ,if ! s$im5t or loam :i* rema9s at ! top ( ! s& is "o-half in* or m1 ! s& is n fit = use 9 concrete4 ,,cem5t ,,mixtures ,,adaptable ,,to ,,v>i\s ,,uses are giv5 bel[4 ,^! may be us$ = back+ & re9=c+ l>ge problems1 9 g>d5 pott]y1 g>d5 furniture or walls4 #a4 ,,ri* ,,mixture #a "p cem5t #b p>ts s& #e p>ts gravel #b4 ,,/&>d ,,mixture #a "p cem5t #b p>ts s& #d p>ts gravel #c4 ,,m$ium ,,mixture #a "p cem5t #b p>ts s& #c p>ts gravel #d4 ,,lean ,,mixture #a "p cem5t #c p>ts s& #f p>ts gravel ,cem5t & s& mix$ dry fir/1 !n ) wat]4 ,! gravel is mix$ wet ) o!r mixture & ?or\ghly comb9$4 ,build]s use ! ,ri* ,mixture = columns & high /resses1 & :]e wat] tightness is necess>y4 ,/&>d ,mixture is us$ = ar*es1 = tanks & sew]s1 & = ma*9e f\ndations4 ,! ,m$ium ,mixture is us$ = pi]s1 sidewalks1 & heavy walls4 ,! ,lean ,mixture is us$ = walls1 f\ndations & = unimportant "w4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,problems ,,9 ,,cem5t %\ld be ! ca/+ ( cem5t tiles )\t ! use ( color4 ,z a beg9n+ problem set ! reta9+ b>s ar\nd a six-in* squ>e space & mix a neat mixture ( cem5t & p\r into ! space s z to make ab\t a qu>t]-in* lay]4 ,aft] ?is has set = ab\t fifte5 m9utes pull "s ( ! neat cem5t up ! sides ) a putty knife or /rip ( c>dbo>d & !n p\r 9 ! rema9d] ( ! tile concrete mixture ( "o-?ird cem5t & two-?irds s&4 ,?is w result 9 a tile ) ! top & sides surfac$ ) neat cem5t4 ,! surfaces ( ! b>s & ! glass or o!r "u surface h ( c\rse be5 prop]ly oil$ previ\s to ! p\r+4 ,,be=e ,,proce$+ ,,) ,,tile ,,mak+ x may be necess>y to make a numb] ( pla/] b>s to use z reta9+ walls4 ,^! are made z foll[s3 ,two /rips ( wood "o-half in* to an in* ?ick laid p>allel on a glass or o!r smoo? surface t has be5 greas$ ) oil4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! /rips ( wood %\ld be ab\t t5 in*es1 z ! l5g? w !n s]ve = produc+ eight-in* tiles or any size "u ?is dim5sion4 ,! edges ( ! wood fac+ inw>d %\ld always be oil$1 ! wood /rips are held 9 position by small lumps ( model+ wax press$ firmly into ! out] edge ( ! wood s t x atta*es x to ! surface ( ! glass4 ,?is w leave a *annel betwe5 ! two wood5 /rips into :i* ! pla/] is p\r$4 ,! two ends ( ! *annel may be /opp$ ) blocks ( wood or block$ ) wax or clay4 ,z soon z ! pla/] is p\r$ into ! mold x %\ld be ev5$ by runn+ a /raight /rip ( wood or metal ov] x spann+ ! wid? ( pla/]4 ,run ?is back & =? to trim (f ! surplus1 s t ! pla/] w h an ev5 ?ickness :5 remov$ f its b$4 ,,to ,,remove ,,! ,,pla/] fir/ remove ! wood5 /rips & !n tap ! lay] ( pla/] lightly on ! edge ) a hamm]4 ,?is w loos5 x4 ,!n ) a ,t squ>e & %>p nail m>k (f b>s five-eigh?s in* wide & also b>s "o & "o-qu>t] in*es wide4 ,at lea/ twelve b>s ( ea* wid? %\ld be made4 ,aft] dry+ = ?ree days ! b>s may be saw$ ap>t ) any %>p saw1 c>e be+ tak5 to hold ! saw )9 ! groove made by ! nail4 ,! edges ( ! b>s may be fur!r smoo!d if necess>y ) a knife or file4 ,,/rips ,,( ,,wood ,,) ,,surfac$ ,,sides c be us$ 9 ! place ( pla/] b>s & if oil$ w release v easily f ! pla/] :5 us$ z reta9+ walls4 ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,incis$ ,,tile 9 pla9 cem5t proce$ z foll[s3 ,roll out clay or model+ wax to ab\t "o-half in* ?ickness & cut to ! desir$ size ( tile4 ,cov] ?is smoo? surface1 place a design :i* has be5 made on ?9 pap] & trace ) a p5cil4 ,! pap] %\ld be held s z n to slip & ! result %\ld be a slight ind5tation ( ! design on ! clay4 ,^! l9es are !n incis$ ov] ) ! incis+ tool to ! desir$ dep?1 c>e be+ tak5 t no ov]-hang+ edges rema9 on ! edges ( ! incisions4 ,! incisions %\ld h sides slightly slop+ inw>d & if ! tool is correctly %ap$ x w produce su* l9es4 ,,! ,,design %\ld be plann$ to be at lea/ "o-half in* f edge & simple 9 con/ruction4 ,avoid a tangle ( ev] cross+ l9es4 ,a geometrical arrangem5t divid+ ! squ>e into pleas+ spaces w produce ! be/ results4 ,place ! tile on a level surface & take f\r b>s ( ! "o & "o-f\r? in* pla/] /rips or wood1 soak 9 wat] = fifte5 m9utes1 wipe dry & oil4 ,n[ place ! f\r b>s s t ! inside edges are aga9/ ! wax or clay tile & fa/5 s t !y are unmovable ) model+ wax4 ,! b>s if plac$ ) "o end project+ pa/ ! b> meet+ x at "r angles p]mits _! adju/m5t to any size tile "u t5-in* dim5sions4 ,onto ?is p\r pla/]-(-,p>is1 p\r into ! c5t] lett+ x run t[>d ! edges =c+ all air ahead ( x z x ent]s ! incisions4 ,level (f surface & remove ! pla/] ca/ f ! mold z soon z x has h>d5$4 ,,to ,,release ,,! ,,pla/] ,,ca/ fir/ remove ! surr\nd+ b>s & lift ! pla/] tile (f ! clay4 ,! pla/] tile w h ! design 9 relief on ! surface4 ,if any clay is adh]+ to ^! relief l9es1 x is evid5ce t !re are ov]hang+ edges & su* edges %\ld be trimm$ ) a knife be=e ! next /ep4 ,! next /ep is z foll[s3 ,aft] pla/] tile is dry put x 9 wat] = a few m9utes1 !n oil ! surface well4 ,place back 9 ! b>s & repeat previ\s op]ations except+ t ?is "t a cem5t mixture is us$ in/ead ( pla/]4 ,a mixture ( neat cem5t %\ld be us$ half way up & p]mitt$ to rema9 = five m9utes be=e ! concrete 7"o-?ird concrete1 two-?irds s&7 is p\r$ 9 = ! rema9+ half4 ,,9 ,,mix+ ,,s& ,,& ,,cem5t x %\ld be rememb]$ t !y %\ld be mix$ toge!r ?or\ghly :ile dry be=e any wat] is add$4 ,aft] ! cem5t has be5 p\r$ into ! =m1 if x is to be us$ = floor or wall purposes1 f\r small squ>es ( c>dbo>d %\ld be press$ into ! expos$ cem5t :i* is ! back ( ! tile4 ,?is %\ld be done ab\t fifte5 m9utes aft] ! cem5t has be5 p\r$1 :5 x is n too s(t4 ,! tile may be remov$ aft] x has rema9$ 9 ! =m = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,a ?9 cem5t mixture ( ano!r color may be made & bru%$ ov] ! tile & ! surplus remov$1 leav+ ! la/ color only 9 ! incisions4 ,,an ,,int]e/+ ,,v>iation is produc$ by cutt+ away ! clay or wax betwe5 ! incisions ( ! patt]n to ! dep? ( "o-half in* or less1 mak+ a mold ( ?is tile & 9 turn ca/+ a concrete tile4 ,! result w be a surface ) relief section & l[ spaces1 ! relief be+ concrete & r\gh 9 texture4 ,^! l[ spaces are !n fill$ ) a color$ cem5t ( ano!r color1 or neat cem5t1 & br\ght to ! level ( ! relief surface4 ,su* a tile secures a patt]n adaptable to tile walks1 or any surface :i* is subject$ to we>1 9 t ! design is n only a ?9 surface lay]1 b a ?ick portion ( color t w n disappe> ) ! we>+ ( ! surface lay]4 ,a ,,simple ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,tile ,,molds is to cut a design f a ?ick piece ( c>dbo>d or sections ( a design1 & glue ^! 9 prop] position to c>ry out a design arrangem5t4 ,^! pieces %\ld be cut ) tap]+ sides s z to p]mit ( prop] 8draught0 or releas+ conditions :5 ! pla/] ca/ is made = mold purposes4 ,! pieces ( c>dbo>d %\ld rema9 glu$ until dri$ to avoid ! moi/ure ( ! s(t pla/] mov+ ! p>ts ar\nd4 ,,)\t ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,color a numb] ( pleas+ & v>y+ textures c be secur$ ) pla9 cem5t1 z ! gray color ( ! cem5t has an arti/ic quality1 & x is well to become well gr\nd$ 9 ! use ( cem5t be=e comb9+ color ) x4 ,,sev]al ,,ways ,,( ,,us+ ,,pla9 ,,cem5t ,,= ,,tiles beside ^? already giv5 are expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ descriptions4 ,^! are t]m$ ,trac$ ,cem5t1 ,burni%$ ,cem5t1 ,scrap$ ,cem5t1 ,concrete ,tile1 ,cem5t & ,concrete ,tile1 ,glaz$ & ,dull ,cem5t ,tile1 ,glaz$ ,relief ,l9e ,tile4 ,,! ,,trac$ ,,cem5t ,,tile is made by p\r+ a half-in* mixture ( concrete 7"o-?ird cem5t1 two-?irds s&7 into a mold made ) ! usual reta9+ b>s ( any desir$ dim5sions4 ,ov] ?is concrete mixture a lay] ( ab\t "o-qu>t] ( an in* ( sift$ neat cem5t mix$ ) wat] %\ld be plac$4 ,at a c]ta9 degree ( h>dness ?is lay] ( neat cem5t w yield to a slight ind5tation or trac$ outl9e4 ,?is condition c be te/$ by t\*+ ! edge ( ! surface ) a p5cil po9t to see :e!r x is too h>d or too s(t4 ,a good plan is to p\r ! mixture 9 ! ev5+ & x is g5]ally 9 "r consi/5cy to "w ^u on ! foll[+ morn+4 ,! surface %\ld be ne>ly h>d b /ill s5sitive to pressure ) a po9t4 ,,hav+ ,,prep>$ ,,! ,,design on a piece ( pap] ab\t ! weight ( bus9ess writ+ pap]1 ! design is plac$ on ! surface ( ! tile & kept 9 ! same location :ile a blunt1 s(t lead p5cil is trac$ ov] ! patt]n1 press+ firmly to create a good ind5t$ l9e 9 ! cem5t surface4 ,! design = ?is "w is be/ :]e ! patt]n is easily express$ 9 l9es or outl9$ =ms4 ,! =ms c be increas$ 9 /r5g? by rubb+ ! p5cil on ! out] edge ( ! l9es to be slightly model$ 9 sep>ate appe>ance4 ,:5 ! design has be5 completely gone ov]1 ! tile is plac$ 9 wat] = sev]al days1 aft] :i* x is dri$ & a ?9 coat+ ( color wa% 7see *apt] on ,surface ,f9i%es7 may be add$ to x :i* w fur!r ! patt]n by color+ ! trac$ l9es4 ,,! ,,burni%$ ,,cem5t ,,tile is produc$ by ca/+ a simil> tile to ! "o made = ! ,trac$ ,cem5t ,tile & proce$+ 9 ! same mann]1 except+ t ! spaces betwe5 ! =ms are burni%$ smoo? ) ! dull po9t$ p5cil or a smoo? small /ick4 ,?is results 9 "s p>ts be+ burni%$ or press$ d[n :ile o!rs rema9 9 slight relief4 ,a *ange 9 ?is is also produc$ by scrap+ ! smoo? surface (f betwe5 ! l9es 9 c]ta9 places in/ead ( burni%+ x4 ,?is results 9 p>ts ( ! surface be+ ( a diff]5t texture & also ( a little diff]5t color1 z ! scrap$ p>ts are diff]5t 9 bo? ^! respects to ! cem5t :i* has dri$ & rema9s unt\*$ on ! surface4 ,a ,,second ,,burni%$ ,,tile ,,effect is to p\r a lay] ( neat cem5t fir/ 9 ! mold & a concrete mixture la/4 ,:5 ?is is h>d en\gh to remove1 & /ill s(t en\gh to "w ^u 7! neat cem5t lay] hav+ be5 9 ! bottom w dry ) a dull f9i% & n a glaze f9i% z :5 fl[$ on z a top lay]7 x %\ld be remov$ & ! design trac$ ^u ?is neat cem5t surface4 ,if a lea!r tool or smoo? h>d po9t is us$1 c]ta9 p>ts z desir$ c be work$ ^u1 smoo!d d[n or press$ 91 ?r\gh ! pap] :i* w create a *ange ( surface texture4 ,,! ,,scrap$ ,,cem5t ,,tile is :]e ei!r ! top neat cem5t or bottom cem5t lay] has ! design 9 l9e or =m scrap$ out ( ! cem5t1 ! entire design be+ produc$ )\t a pla/] mold be+ us$4 ,a %>p5$ nail or nut pick w make a good scrap] & ?is scrap+ & press+ is done on ! cem5t surface direct & n ?r\gh a pap] z 9 ! two previ\s problems4 ,?is direct me?od ( work+ ^u cem5t surface is consid]$ m ?or\ghly & m ext5sive applications made ( x 9 ! *apt] on ,c>v$ & ,model$ ,cem5t4 ,,! ,,concrete ,,tile4 ,v>y+ f9i%es may be secur$ 9 ca/+ any cem5t tile by ! k9d ( aggregate us$ ) ! cem5t4 ,a r\gh irregul> small cru%$ rock w give "o k9d ( texture1 :ile a r\nd small :ite gravel w give ano!r & ea* *ange w pres5t diff]5t effects4 ,)\t go+ into extremes ( f9i%es or hav+ too _m *anges 9 ! surface ( a tile1 pleas+ effects c be secur$ by "o to ?ree *anges ( texture secur$ by putt+ diff]5t mixtures 9 diff]5t p>ts4 ,?is may be done by mix+ & apply+ ) a bru% or spoon ! diff]5t mixtures into ! mold1 plac+ ! mixtures ea* 9 _! prop] section ( ! mold4 ,! :ole is !n cov]$ ) ! back+ mixture result+ 9 ! surface patt]n appe>+ ) ! *anges aft] ! tile has be5 releas$ f ! mold4 ,:]e a concrete mixture is to appe> r\gh 9 texture1 ! s& or gravel & cem5t %\ld be mix$ dry1 j en\gh wat] add$ to cause x to mix up to a damp consi/5cy s t x c be %ap$ ) ! h&4 ,?is c !n be put 9 ! mold & tamp$ slightly ) a block ( wood to press x 9 true contact ) ! surface ( ! mold4 ,?is w result 9 a por\s1 op5 texture1 produc+ good contra/ ) neat cem5t p>ts t h be5 previ\sly plac$ or are to be add$4 ,,! ,,cem5t ,,& ,,concrete ,,tile is made ) pla9 cem5t produc+ add$ int]e/ to ! design by ! two textures or surface f9i%es t occur betwe5 cem5t & concrete4 ,! design = su* a tile is be/ :]e ! p>ts are sep>at$ ei!r by an incision or a relief l9e4 ,! pla/] mold %\ld !re=e pres5t sep>ate portions1 "s ( :i* c be consid]$ = ! cem5t p>ts & o!rs = ! concrete p>ts4 ,by mix+ neat cem5t until x is ( a ?9 mixture1 ! mixture c be plac$ on ! mold :]ev] want$ by dripp+ x f a bru%4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ! use ( a bru% ) cem5t t a wip+ /roke is n us$ z su* a /roke w remove ! oil f ! pla/] surface & cause p>ts ( ! cem5t to /ick to ! pla/]4 ,aft] ! cem5t has be5 plac$1 a concrete mixture is made & p\r$ into ! space up to ! desir$ height to produce ! necess>y ?ickness4 ,?is w at ! same "t fill 9 ! rema9+ surface spaces ( ! tile4 ,,! ,,glaz$ ,,& ,,dull ,,cem5t ,,tile is produc$ by fill+ 9 ) clay or glu$ c>dbo>d bits cut to %ape1 ^? p>ts t are to be glaz$ gray cem5t4 ,d n use model+ waxes or artificial clays = ?is "p z ! oil or grease 9 !m w int]f]e ) ! glaz$ cem5t adh]+ to ! surface 9 ! f9al f9i%+4 ,aft] ! c>dbo>d or clay is dry a lay] ( neat cem5t is p\r$ 91 & back$ ) ! usual concrete mixture4 ,aft] ! tile is releas$1 ! c>dbo>d bits or clay is remov$ & clean$ out1 ! surface "u x is r\gh5$ ) scrat*$ l9es & ! tile is put 9 wat] = an h\r4 ,! spaces are !n fill$ ) a mixture ( neat cem5t & p]mitt$ to h>d5 9 a %all[ tray ( wat]4 ,,to ,,make ,,glaz$ ,,cem5t ,,surface x is important t ^! /eps be wat*$3 #a/4 ,t ! surface be r\gh5$ :]ev] ! glaz$ surface is to appe>4 #b;d4 ,t ! tile be soak$ 9 clean wat] until x has fully absorb$ wat]4 #c;d4 ,t a little dry neat cem5t be plac$ on ! spaces to h glaz$ effect4 #d?4 ,t ! neat cem5t %\ld be sift$ & dripp$ on ) a bru% & n gone ov] a second "t4 #e?4 ,t ! tile is tak5 out & dri$ & ! glaz$ & dull neat cem5t w create ! *ange ( surface texture z plann$4 ,a bloom or *alk-l p[d] (t5 comes on ! surface ( tiles1 b w disappe> )9 a %ort "t & ne$ n cause any anxiety4 ,,glaz$ ,,relief ,,l9e ,,tile is made by ca/+ ei!r a neat cem5t tile or a concrete tile ) a relief l9e design & !n mix+ a neat gray or color cem5t glaze & putt+ x onto ! surface4 ,! tile is %ak5 9 a level position until ! entire surface is entirely cov]$ leav+ a ?9 lay] ( ! glaze 9 ! spaces betwe5 ! l9es z well z slightly on ! l9es4 ,! tile is set 9 a %all[ lay] ( wat] to h>d54 ,,o!r ,,v>iations ,,9 ,,tile ,,effects c be made by comb9+ ^! me?ods & ) ! use ( color 9 ^! diff]5t me?ods describ$1 unlimit$ av5ues are op5$ to ! work] 9 color cem5t4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ also t mo/ ( ^! me?ods ( surface treatm5t are also possible 9 o!r =ms beside flat or tile surfaces4 ,! /ud5t %\ld "k ^! me?ods ( work+ ) pla9 cem5t & concrete z !y are ! f\ndation ( successful ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft4 ,illu/ration3 ,h[ to ,make ,color ,cem5t ,tiles ,illu/ration3 ,cem5t ,tile ,textures ,illu/ration3 ,! ,incis$ ,tile ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #d ,mak+ ,vases & ,b[ls ,illu/ration ,,mak+ ,,vases ,,& ,,b[ls is a little m complicat$ ?an ! mak+ ( tiles1 b by foll[+ ! directions c>efully x w be f\nd t once ! process is work$ out1 x c be easily repeat$4 ,,f\r ,,def9ite ,,op]ations are necess>y to produce a b[l or vase & !y may be t]m$ z foll[s3 #a/4 ,mak+ or prep>+ ! orig9al model4 #b;d4 ,mak+ ! mold+ case f ! model4 #c;d4 ,p\r+ ! concrete into ! mold+ case4 #d?4 ,releas+ ! mold & complet+ ! object ca/4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,/ep1 mak+ ! orig9al model1 is z foll[s3 ,) clay or model+ wax build a =m ( ! vase or b[l desir$4 ,! inside ne$ n be consid]$2 t is1 d n make ! =m holl[ b build x solid4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t ! cont\r is ev5 & alike :5 view$ f all sides4 ,a templet cut f metal1 wood or /iff c>dbo>d1 w help 9 secur+ p]fect cont\r if mov$ ar\nd on ! outside & corrections made accord+ly4 ,a false neck %\ld be add$ onto ! solid =m & "p ( ! bottom ( ! mold scrap$ s z to leave a rim or edge on ! bottom4 ,! =m is !n ready to make a mold f x4 ,,any ,,vase ,,or ,,b[l ,,c ,,be ,,duplicat$ 9 cem5t by mak+ a pla/] mold f x4 ,! inside ( ! b[l %\ld be fill$ ) s& or wadd$ pap] & a false neck built ov] ! m\? ) clay or model+ wax4 ,if ! surface is glaz$ x ne$ n be oil$ be=e ca/+1 b all dull or r\gh surfaces %\ld be oil$4 ,,! ,,second ,,/ep1 mak+ ! mold+ case1 is z foll[s3 ,take ! model 7clay or vase to be duplicat$7 & place x ^u an oil$ glass or o!r smoo? surface4 ,m>k+ (f ab\t "o-?ird ( its diamet]1 build a n>r[ /rip ( clay or wax on two sides f top to bottom4 ,?is ridge or wall %\ld ext5d f> en\gh out to meet ! mold+ case or metal /rip1 & ! two walls ( clay & ! metal or case %\ld be made pro( aga9/ ! pla/] runn+ out any:]e1 :5 x is p\r$ into ?is well4 ,aft] ! pla/] is set1 ! clay /rip c be remov$ f "o side & ! expos$ pla/] edge is oil$ aft] two keys h be5 bor$ into x ) a po9t$ metal /rip 7see work+ plate74 ,! remov$ /rip is !n built along ! next division ( ! model & ! case or metal us$ = reta9+ wall is mov$ into new position & a second ?ird ( ! mold+ case is made4 ,to make ! ?ird or la/ piece ( ! mold ! two fir/ sections are reta9$ 9 position 7always bor+ keys & oil+ expos$ edges71 ! case or metal wall aga9 plac$ 9 position & ! pla/] p\r$ into ! op5+4 ,! pla/] %\ld n be too ?9 & if a little is p\r$ into ! bottom & all[$ to set be=e p\r+ ! :ole am\nt1 x w n be =c$ out ?r\gh ! bottom4 ,( c\rse all op5+s mu/ previ\sly h be5 /opp$ ) clay or wax4 ,,to ,,/r5g!n ,a ,,mold /rips ( burlap or wire scre5+ c be imb$d$ 9 ! pla/] :ile x is s(t4 ,?is makes a durable mold capable ( )/&+ mu* h&l+4 ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,mold ,,= ,,! ,,bottom ! ?ree sections are turn$ upside d[n 7! model /ill be+ 9 position7 & ! pla/] p>ts all be+ oil$1 a r+ ( clay is plac$ ar\nd ! bottom s z to make a cup %ape into :i* ! pla/] is p\r$4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,/ep is ! mo/ important "p z ! mixture or 8slip0 = ! p\r+ is important4 ,! fir/ mixture %\ld be neat cem5t & wat] & %\ld be r ?ick1 = if too ?9 x w n adh]e to ! walls ( ! mold4 ,:5 ! neat cem5t is ready x %\ld be p\r$ into ! b[l ab\t half-way full4 ,! b[l is !n rotat$ 9 a horizontal position gradually d[nw>d s t ! surplus cem5t slip w p\r out ( ! m\? back into ! pan or conta9] 9 :i* x 0 mix$4 ,!n aft] a half-h\r or s ano!r mixture ( slip %\ld be rotat$4 ,?is mixture %\ld be compos$ ( a "o-?ird cem5t & two-?irds s& mixture & be ?9n] 9 consi/5cy4 ,if ! b[l is l>ge & ! walls ne$ to be ?ick a ?ird & f\r? lay] may be necess>y4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,lay] ,,( ,,slip c be ( neat cem5t :i* w f9i% ! inside ) a smoo? surface4 ,:5 work+ ) color ! fir/ rotation & ! la/ may h color add$ to ! slip :i* w result 9 a color f9i% on ! inside & ! outside ( ! b[l or vase4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,/ep or releas+ ! mold1 %\ld occur ! second or ?ird day aft] ! p\r+ has tak5 place4 ,?is elapse ( "t dep5ds all ^u wea!r conditions4 ,9 summ] cem5t dries m rapidly & n s well4 ,9 w9t] ! h>d5+ is m sl[ly accompli%$ b m p]fectly4 ,,! ,,dry+ ,,( ,,cem5t is be/ :5 x occurs gradually4 ,nev] place cem5t 9 ! sun or use artificial heat to =ce x4 ,*eck+1 crack+ & break+ w surely result if ?is is done4 ,= ?is reason ! tiles & pott]y made ) cem5t %\ld dry gradually 9 ! %ade b n 9 a draughty location4 ,to release a vase or b[l f ! mold1 ! cords are unti$ & ! pla/] mold p>ts op5$4 ,! cem5t ca/1 if successful1 w sep>ate f ! mold )\t tr\ble4 ,! ridge t may h be5 =m$ by ! groove :]e ! pla/] p>ts h come toge!r c be scrap$ (f & smoo!d by rubb+ ! f+] tips ov] ! surface4 ,! surplus "p ( ! neck c be c>efully scrap$ away & aft] ! vase has dri$ out ( ! mold = a day x c be put 9 a bucket or tub ( wat] to h>d5 = a few days or a week4 ,,to ,,f9i% ,a ,,vase x is remov$ f ! wat]1 p]mitt$ to dry well1 ! surface is bru%$ clean & x c !n be wax$ or surface f9i%$ z describ$ 9 ano!r *apt] ( ?is book4 ,a ,,relief ,,design ,,on ,a ,,vase ,,surface requires c>e 9 mak+ ! sections ( ! mold s t ! vase ca/ w pull out ( ! mold )\t break+4 ,if ! molds are made 9 ?ree or f\r segm5ts !re is little dang] ( tr\ble b :]ev] !re is relief surface or l9es on ! surface1 a two-piece mold is sure to result 9 ! break+ ( p>ts4 ,,diff]5t ,,textures ,,9 ,,gray ,,cem5t c be secur$ on ! surfaces ( b[ls & vases by us+ almo/ any ( ! processes describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] = tiles4 ,,9 ,,add+ ,,color ,,to ,,diff]5t ,,textures ( cem5t 9 ,cem5t ,pott]y ! color or neat cem5t c be add$ to ! oil$ surfaces ( ! pla/] molds be=e !y are ti$ toge!r prep>atory to ! p\r+4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 h[ev]1 ! divisions ( ! pla/] molds %\ld be plann$ s z n to break ?r\gh ! designs4 ,if a cont9u\s design motif is ess5tial1 ! only way to correct ! break w be to t\* 9 ! disconnect$ p>ts ) ! "r color or mixture aft] ! p>ts ( ! mold h be5 plac$ toge!r j previ\s to ! p\r+ 9 ( ! slip = ! fir/ rotation4 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,,flat ,,b[ls simplifies ! rotat+ problem & 9 _m %apes ! slip c be plac$ & direct$ ) ! use ( a bru%4 ,aft] ! la/ slip has be5 add$ to a b[l1 a design c be add$ ) a bru% by us+ a diff]5t color1 plac+ ! color slip 9 ! c5t] ( ! inside portion ( ! b[l4 ,?is c also be done on ! outside surface ( any b[l or vase1 creat+ a *ange & surface enri*m5t4 ,,vases ,,) ,,squ>e ,,sides %\ld be produc$ f pla/] molds :i* h ! connect+ l9es com+ on ! corn]s4 ,9 ?is way ! ca/+ l9es t always %[ to "s ext5t on ! ca/ surface :5 x is remov$ f ! mold1 w occur :]e x w be easy to remove !m & if a little does rema9 x becomes a "p ( ! corn]4 ,if any incis$ l9es or relief p>ts are on ! sides ( ^! squ>e =m$ vases1 a sep>ate piece = ea* side w be necess>y 9 ! pla/] mold4 ,a ,,glaz$ ,,f9i% c be produc$ by rotat+ a b[l or vase 9 a mixture ( neat cem5t t has be5 well sift$ & plac$ 9 a pan 9 a ?ick en\gh lay] to p]mit ! b[l or vase to be turn$ 9 x )\t ! sides scrap+ ! bottom ( ! pan4 ,,:]e ,,l>ge ,,relief ,,surfaces are to be produc$ & und]cut surfaces mold$1 x is !n necess>y to use glue = ! molds4 ,?is requires skill 9 h&l+4 ,= ^? :o wi% to produce molds = su* "w ! foll[+ is giv53 ,aft] model+ ! surfaces or figures 9 relief1 if !y are to be us$ on g>d5 pott]y1 book-ends1 vases1 etc41 or any design t has und]cut surfaces1 x %\ld be cov]$ ov] entirely ) a "o-half in* lay] or blanket ( wet clay or model+ wax4 ,if ! model+ has be5 done 9 clay x %\ld rema9 ov]night )\t ! usual wet clo? ov] x1 be=e plac+ ?is second clay lay]4 ,if wax is us$ ! clay lay] c be plac$ ov] x )\t wait+4 ,deep sections %\ld be lightly fill$ ) clay to re9=ce ! "o-half in* lay]4 ,two or ?ree nails %\ld be us$ to hold ! orig9al firmly to a bo>d base4 ,a little pla/]-(-,p>is %\ld be p\r$ ar\nd its base to help make x firm4 ,ov] ?is clay blanket lay a /rip ( clay along ! highe/ "p or equator ( ! surface1 s t ! surface is directly 9 l9e ) ! equator4 ,place a cas+ ar\nd & fix s t pla/] c be p\r$1 & a r\gh cas+ produc$ ( "o half4 ,remove ! clay /rips & ) a po9t$ piece ( metal bore sev]al holes or 8keys0 9 ! expos$ edge ( ! pla/]4 ,oil ?is edge & ca/ ! second half4 ,be=e p\r+ ! pla/] a clay cyl9d] %\ld be plac$ at ! top to =m a hole = p\r+ into & a second hole ne> x = an air escape4 ,aft] ! pla/] is set x w be f\nd t a cas+ or %ell is produc$ :i* :5 plac$ ov] ! orig9al model 7! "o-half in* clay blanket hav+ be5 remov$7 w leave a space ar\nd ! entire orig9al model4 ,! next /ep is to prep>e ! cas+s & p\r ! glue into ?is space to produce a mold ( ! object & its imm$iate surface4 ,a few p5cil m>ks are made on ! outside ( ! cas+ & c>ri$ onto ! table or bo>d base to *eck up its relation :5 x is replac$4 ,^! m>ks are v necess>y4 ,! cas+s are !n giv5 two coat+s ( %ellac & wood alcohol 7"o "p alcohol1 ?ree p>ts %ellac71 & :5 dry are oil$ well or greas$ ) axle grease4 ,%ellac is also appli$ to ! orig9al model :e!r clay or pla/]4 ,pla/ic5e or simil> wax ne$ only be oil$ slightly4 ,replace ! cases s t ! two halves come toge!r closely & s t ! m>ks on ! outside l[] edge correspond correctly ) ! m>ks on ! table4 ,/op ! cracks on ! cas+ ) clay dipp$ 9 pla/] & b9d ov] ! cas+ 9 ! same way 7or ) ! use ( cords7 to prev5t ! glue f float+ ! cas+4 ,,! ,,glue ,,is ,,prep>$ z foll[s3 ,:ite fi% glue or gelat9e glue is wa%$ well 9 wat]4 ,put 9 dry c1 plac+ x 9 second pan ( wat] & boil until creamy 9 consi/5cy4 ,:5 ! f+] c be dipp$ into x )\t burn+1 ! glue is p\r$ into ! cas+ z foll[s3 ,a funnel ( clay or wax is r\ghly made & ! glue p\r$ into ! op5+ ( ! cas+1 fill+ ! space betwe5 ! model & ! pla/] cas+4 ,let /& = twelve h\rs4 ,remove cas+ & cut ! glue %ell along ! half-m>k made by ! equator division1 cutt+ f ! "u side ?r\gh at "o /roke4 ,! glue c be lift$ 7z x w give7 s z to p]mit cutt+ f und]nea?4 ,to cut f ! outside w n produce a clean cut4 ,) ,fr5* *alk or talcum1 *alk ! inside ( ! pla/] cas+ well ov] ! %ellac & fit ! glue %ells back into ea* half4 ,!n ) a solution ( p[d]$ alum & wat] 7two teaspoonfuls 9 "o-half cup ( wat]7 bru% ! entire inn] surface ( ! glue to h>d5 ! surface4 ,let /& = "o h\r4 ,,if ,,cem5t ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,us$1 ! glue mu/ receive two coats ( :ite lead or v>ni% & left to dry two days4 ,:5 pla/] is us$ no :ite lead or v>ni% is necess>y4 ,cem5t %\ld be us$ ?9 & a ?9 lay] produc$ by p\r+ into ?is mold & revolv+ x s t a coat+ w /ick to ! surface4 ,aft] sett+ = twelve h\rs m is add$ & aga9 revolv$ until ! desir$ ?ickness is produc$4 ,:]e ! object is n to be holl[ ! cem5t is p\r$ 9 solid & left until h>d en\gh to remove ! cas+ & glue %ell4 ,?is s\nds complicat$ b x is no h>d] ?an ! usual recipe & if y c't foll[ a recipe or be int]e/$ 9 its result1 !n !re is no hope = y 9 ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft4 ,a ,,diagram ,,illu/rat+ ,,glue ,,molds is %[n at ! end ( ,*apt] ,two1 on ,! ,mak+ ( ,pla/] ,molds4 ,a little /udy ( ?is ) ! above directions w make ! process cle>]4 ,illu/ration3 ,vase ,molds ,illu/ration3 ,! ,f9i%+ ( ,cem5t ,pott]y ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #e ,! ,use ( ,color 9 ,cem5t ,tiles ,illu/ration ,,successful ,,color ,,9 ,,cem5t ,,"w is dep5d5t entirely ^u ! use ( m9]al pigm5ts 9 dry p[d] =m4 ,! lime action 9 ! cem5t w nullify & dis9tegrate any color ( a vegetable or *emical s\rce s t no hue rema9s4 ,a ,,limit$ ,,range ,,( ,,colors is !re=e pres5t$ to ! work] 9 ,cem5t ) :i* to secure results1 b ! li/ ( colors describ$ 9 ! foll[+ p>agraph is aft] all an elaborate "o :5 comp>$ ) ! few pigm5ts ) :i* ! primitive & aborig9al pott]s produce mo/ beautiful results 9 _! w>es4 ,,pictorial ,,or ,,reali/ic ,,decorations ,,are ,,n ,,desirable z ,color ,cem5t decoration & x is hop$ by ! au?ors t ^? :o foll[ ! te*nical direction ( ?is book w be 9 h>mony ) ! appli$ design pr9ciples set d[n 9 ! la/ *apt]2 & t _! color cem5t productions w be su* t x w add correct l9e1 =m & color to ?is new h&icraft4 ,?is w enable its gr[? among ! art h&icrafts to be )\t h&icap or prejudices result+ f its use 9 incorrect design or application4 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,colors ,,are ,,possible 9 m9]al colors = u 9 ,color ,cem5t3 ,black1 ,br[n1 ,r$1 ,dull ,yell[1 ,blue1 ,gre54 ,a ,color ,scale & ,m9]al ,colors are z foll[s3 ,g]mant[n ,lampblack ,black or ,gray ,c>bon ,black ,black ,oxide ( ,manganese ,black ,oxide ( ,copp] ,blue ,ultram>9e ,blue ,oxide ( ,cobalt ,yell[ ,yell[ ,o*re ,*romate ( ,lead ,orange ,m9]al ,orange ,gre5 ,*rome ,oxide ( ,copp] ,c>bonate ( ,copp] ,roa/$ ,oxide ( ,iron ,br[n ,burnt ,umb] ,metallic ,br[n ,indian ,r$ ,r$ ,v5etian ,r$ ,m9]al ,turkey ,r$ ,raw ,iron ,oxide ,,! ,,successful ,,use ,,( ,,color ,,9 ,,cem5t dep5ds entirely ^u ! true proportion ( color to ! cem5t4 ,no exact rule c be quot$ z colors v>y 9 quality 9 diff]5t localities4 ,exp]im5t+ only c solve ! correct proportions4 ,also1 any?+ t w nullify ! action ( dis9tegration ^u ! color by ! lime 9 ! cem5t is desirable4 ,! ,petroma ,cem5t ,colors made by ! ,am]ican ,crayon ,company ( ,s&usky1 ,ohio1 fulfill ^! requirem5ts = ! craftsman1 & w aid 9 successful s*oolroom results1 avoid+ loss ( "t & wa/e ( mat]ial4 ,,colors ,,may ,,be ,,glaz$1 ,,mat ,,or ,,dull ,,f9i% accord+ to h[ & :5 x is plac$ on ! cem5t tile4 ,ea* f9i% requires diff]5t treatm5t & ! easie/ is ! ,dull ,f9i%4 ,,! ,,dull ,,color ,,f9i% is produc$ :5 ! color is dropp$ or plac$ into ! mold & concrete or cem5t is us$ z a back+4 ,?is results 9 ! color dry+ 9 ! mold ) a dull f9i% next to ! pla/] mold surface & is expos$ :5 ! cem5t ca/+ is releas$ f ! pla/] mold4 ,,! ,,glaz$ ,,color ,,f9i% is m difficult to produce successfully & is secur$ only 9 t color t is plac$ onto tile or pott]y surfaces aft] ! cem5t surface has p>tially h>d5$4 ,a tile design or patt]n may be ca/ 9 a mold & aft] x has come out ( ! mold x is dri$ = an h\r & !n plac$ 9 wat]4 ,if ! surface to receive color has be5 r\gh5$ or l9es scrap$ into x :5 fir/ releas$ f ! mold & ! cem5t slightly s(t1 ! color w adh]e ev5 m surely4 ,we "k t metal craftsm5 (t5 r\gh5 ! surface ( metal :]e enamels are to be plac$ & fir$ 91 to insure m p]fect atta*m5t1 & a simil> treatm5t to ! cem5t w d likewise = ! cem5t color4 ,:5 ! cem5t tile has be5 remov$ f ! wat] & surplus moi/ure %ak5 (f a little pla9 neat cem5t is plac$ on ! surfaces to be color$ & to ?is ! color 9 ?9 pa/e =m is dripp$ f a bru%4 ,no back /roke is possible )\t injur+ ! f9i%4 ,f9i% ea* section & !n leave x alone4 ,a ,,safe ,,work+ ,,me?od is to place ! tile 9 %all[ wat] to avoid any "p becom+ dry :ile ! color is be+ appli$4 ,a pan or %all[ di% w s]ve ! purpose4 ,,! ,,mat ,,f9i% is produc$ ! same z = ! ,glaz$ ,f9i% except+ t ! tile is plac$ 9 wat] imm$iately aft] x is remov$ f ! mold & plac$ !re = a few m9utes only4 ,! surface is treat$ o!rwise simil>ly to ! glaz$ process & ?is results 9 ! color be+ dull 9 f9i%4 ,,h>d5+ ,,9 ,,wat] %\ld be done ) all tiles & ! dull & glaz$ f9i%$ tiles %\ld be set 9 a pan ( wat] )\t lett+ ! wat] rea* ! decorat$ surfaces4 ,a ,,color$ ,,sket* %\ld be made 9 e in/ance :]e color is to be appli$ to cem5t4 ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,mix+ ,,colors are z foll[s3 ,two sizes ( small sable-hair bru%es1 a palette knife 7or putty knife71 sev]al small di%es1 a spoon1 a f9e-me% sieve1 & a piece ( glass4 ,,to ,,mix ,,! ,,colors proce$ z foll[s3 ,place a little ( ! desir$ color on ! glass1 to ?is add dry cem5t r$uc+ ! color int5sity to ! desir$ /r5g?4 ,portl& cem5t be+ gray w d ?is h>moni\sly4 ,to ?is add a few drops ( wat] until ! color is ( ! desir$ consi/5cy4 ,! color %\ld always be te/$ on a tile surface & dri$ 9 ! sun to det]m9e f9al color1 add+ color or cem5t to ! wet mixture to correct ! color4 ,:]e a t9t ( color is want$ a :ite cem5t %\ld be add$ in/ead ( ,portl& cem5t4 ,to produce a pla9 surface color on tiles1 ! desir$ quantity ( color is mix$ & /ra9$1 to elim9ate all co>se p>ticles4 ,! mixture may be sift$ :ile dry or /ra9$ aft] ! cem5t has be5 add$4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,:ite ,,cem5t %\ld be limit$ because :ite cem5t is n z durable z gray cem5t & because its sett+ qualities disappe> z x becomes old] m rapidly ?an gray cem5t4 ,if p]fectly fre% x c be us$ ) good results & produces a m brilliant color :5 mix$ ) ! colors ?an :5 gray cem5t is us$4 ,,to ,,apply ,,! ,,color ei!r 9 ! mold or to ! surface ( ! object aft] x is remov$ f ! mold1 ! color %\ld be appli$ ) a bru%4 ,,z ,a ,,te/ ,,color ,,problem use an incis$ patt]n pla/] mold & ! colors may be plann$ = ! incis$ tile z foll[s3 ,work+ f a color sket*1 mix up colors to mat* & aft] ! pla/] mold has be5 wat] soak$ x %\ld be oil$ by dabb+ ! bru% up & d[n on ! surface4 ,if ! bru% is /rok$ x w n leave en\gh oil on ! surface & ! color w /ick to ! tile4 ,next drip ! cem5t color f a bru% ) a %ak+ motion4 ,! v>i\s colors are ?us plac$ 9 ea* ( ! p>titions ( ! mold & aft] dry+ = fifte5 m9utes is back$ ) a lay] ( pla9 cem5t & s& & all[$ to set4 ,:5 ! tile is releas$ x w conta9 diff]5t colors betwe5 ! incisions & a ?9 wa% ( an additional color may be add$ to fill ! incisions4 ,,colors ,,c ,,be ,,mix$ "o ) ano!r :ile dry or :5 wet to produce o!r %ades4 ,violet w be produc$ by ! mixture ( m9]al orange & ultram>9e blue4 ,,pla9 ,,surfac$ ,,tiles ,,may ,,be ,,color$ by p\r+ 9 a ?9 lay] ( color comb9$ ) neat cem5t & !n back$ up ) a concrete mixture4 ,mottl$ & v>iegat$ color surfaces may be secur$ by fir/ spatt]+ or dropp+ drops ( ano!r color into ! mold be=e ! color mixture is p\r$ 94 ,or ! pla9 cem5t or concrete tile c be remov$ & cov]$ ) a color lay] :i* w be dull or glaz$ 9 f9i%4 ,a ,,pla9 ,,tile ,,to ,,be ,,appli$ ,,) ,,color %\ld be plac$ 9 wat] imm$iately on be+ remov$ f ! mold1 & all[$ to rema9 !re = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 be=e apply+ ! color4 ,:5 tak+ ! tile out ( ! wat] d n let ! f+]s come 9 contact ) ! surface to be color$4 ,let ! tile /& a few m9utes to dra91 be=e apply+ ! color4 ,!n a ?9 lay] ( neat cem5t mix$ ) wat] is appli$4 ,next place a spoonful ( ! color ^u ! surface ( ! tile1 slightly %ak+ ! tile :ile level1 !n p\r (f ! surplus color z x ov]fl[s ! edges4 ,if bubbles occur ! surface %\ld be recoat$ = ! bubbles w break 9 ! dry+1 produc+ a defect4 ,to prev5t bubbles1 ! color %\ld be /irr$ ) ! spoon sl[ly s z to avoid ! arre/+ ( air :i* produces ! bubbles4 ,! po9t ( a p9 w (t5 help to dissolute ! bubbles if us$ imm$iately aft] ! surface is coat$4 ,:5 satisfactorily coat$1 place ! tile c>efully 9 a tray & add wat] until x rea*es a little m ?an half way up ! side ( ! tile4 ,be c>eful t wat] is n spla%$ or dropp$ on ! newly coat$ tile1 = ?is w ru9 ! surface & necessitate do+ ! tile aga94 ,! tile %\ld rema9 9 ?is wat] = f\r or five days1 wat] be+ add$ :5 x has become absorb$ or evaporat$4 ,,to ,,color ,,an ,,incis$ ,,design ! pla/] ca/ f ! orig9al becomes ! mold = ! color cem5t tile4 ,! pla/]1 hav+ become ?or\ghly dry1 is %ellac$ ) "o or two ?9 lay]s ( %ellac & aft] dry+ = "o or two days is ready = use ) color cem5t4 ,x is !n oil$ well b n s t surplus oil rema9s on ! surface4 ,a dry bru% w be good to use = remov+ surplus oil4 ,! color hav+ be5 mix$ to h>monize ) ! previ\sly prep>$ color sket*1 "o ( ! color mixtures is tak5 up ) a bru% & dripp$ ) a %ak+ motion onto ! correct area1 :i* 9 an incis$ design is divid$ into spaces4 ,if a drop ( color falls :]e x is n want$1 take a clean bru% & pick ! color out ( ! space1 aft] :i* a little oil %\ld be bru%$ c>efully into ! space to r5ew t :i* 0 remov$ ) ! misplac$ color4 ,if any color falls onto ! back ( color already plac$ d n worry ov] x z x w n appe> on ! f9i%$ surface4 ,,any ,,color ,,next ,,to ,a ,,fill$ ,,space may ov]lap ! previ\sly fill$ space z only t color t\*+ ! pla/] surface w be visible :5 ! tile is remov$ f ! mold & is f9i%$4 ,,aft] ,,cov]+ ,,! ,,entire ,,surface ,,) ,,color let x rema9 = half an h\r be=e back+ x up ) ! concrete mixture1 z o!rwise ! weight ( ! concrete may =ce gravel p>ticles ?r\gh ! ?9 color deposits & m> ! face ( ! color design4 ,,to ,,complete ,,! ,,tile remove aft] two days1 & place 9 wat] aft] ! edges & slight faults h be5 correct$4 ,x %\ld h>d5 9 wat] = sev]al days & !n dry 9 a cool place aft] :i* x c be wax$ or f9i%$ 9 o!r ways4 ,,any ,,( ,,! ,,previ\s ,,problems describ$ 9 ! me?ods = produc+ tiles 9 pla9 cem5t c be c>ri$ ov] into ?is *apt] & color add$ to ! texture f9i%es 9 cem5t & concrete & _m int]e/+ f9i%es develop$4 ,,old ,,color ,,& ,,cem5t or dri$ cem5t color %\ld n be us$4 ,mix up only en\gh color = imm$iate use z any color n us$ fre% aft] mix$ ) cem5t _c be us$ aga9 & %\ld be disc>d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,use ( ,color 9 ,cem5t ,tiles ,illu/ration3 ,color ,tile ,me?ods #a4 ,relief ,tile4 #b4 ,p]sian ,relief4 #c4 ,relief ,l9e ) ,mold ,color4 #d4 ,relief ,l9e1 ,majolica ,color4 #e4 ,intaglio ,tile4 #f4 ,sgraffito ,tile4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #f ,color ,cem5t ,relief ,tiles ,illu/ration ,,to ,,beg9 ,a ,,relief ,,tile1 a model %\ld fir/ be plann$ on clay or model+ wax4 ,a p5cil patt]n is fir/ made on pap] & ?is pap] is plac$ ov] ! lay] ( clay or wax & a p5cil trac+ w produce an ind5t$ patt]n ( ! subject on ! clay or wax und]nea?4 ,,to ,,model ,,! ,,surface a wood5 model+ tool1 su* z is us$ by sculptors1 or a lea!r model+ tool or ev5 small :ittl$ pieces ( wood c be us$4 ,9 produc+ rais$ portions ! clay or wax scrap$ to produce l[ p>ts c be us$ & c>e %\ld be tak5 n to produce too great a relief z a tile design %\ld n appe> deta*$4 ,,avoid ,,und]cut ,,surfaces or ov]hang+ edges on ! f9i%$ model z ?is w result 9 lock+ ( ! cem5t ca/ ) ! pla/] mold & break+ ( ! tile be=e x c be remov$4 ,a g5]al *eck+ ov] ( ! diff]5t p>ts be=e ! pla/] ca/ is made w avoid _m ( ! ov]hang+ p>ts go+ ?r\gh z !y c be easily locat$ & correct$4 ,,to ,,ca/ ,,! ,,pla/] ,,mold ! clay or model+ wax is surr\nd$ ) ! reta9+ b>s & z ! clay or wax ne$s no oil+ ! pla/] c be mix$ & p\r$ into ?is mold4 ,a slight j>r+ ( ! table or surface on :i* ! mold is plac$ w cause ! pla/] to settle1 produc+ a level surface & also cause any bubbles to break or come to ! surface4 ,,to ,,avoid ,,bubble ,,defects ,,9 ,,ca/+ ei!r ) pla/] or cem5t ! pla/] or cem5t mixture %\ld be p\r$ into ! c5t] location ( ! mold all[+ x to spread gradually t[>d ! sides & corn]s c>ry+ ! air 9 ! grooves & l[ spaces1 =c+ x t[>d ! edges4 ,once ! surface is cov]$ 9 ?is way ! rema9d] ( ! mixture c be p\r$ 9 m rapidly4 ,,to ,,correct ,,bubble ,,defects t appe> on ! f9i%$ pla/] or cem5t ca/+1 scrape "s ( ! pla/] or cem5t f ! back or sides :]e x does n matt] & repair ! flaws by press+ x into ! holes4 ,:]e cem5t is repair$ ?is way x %\ld be p]mitt$ to dry = ano!r day be=e x is plac$ into wat] to h>d54 ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,cem5t ,,relief ,,tile 9 color ! pla/] ca/ made f ! clay or wax model %\ld be oil$ aft] x has be5 %ellac$ & surr\nd$ ) ! reta9+ b>s4 ,! color %\ld be !n mix$ ) ! cem5t & wat] add$ to make x ( a p\r+ consi/5cy1 x is !n p\r$ into ! mold4 ,aft] ?is color has set = a:ile ! back lay] is add$ ( concrete aft] ! color ( ! fir/ p\r+ has be5 c>ri$ up s z to produce color on ! sides z well z on ! face4 ,,:]e ,a ,,numb] ,,( ,,colors ,,are ,,us$ ! colors are mix$ & dripp$ ^u ! oil$ surface ( ! pla/] mold be=e x is enclos$ ) ! reta9+ b>s1 z ! reta9+ b>s w\ld prev5t free access to ! surface ) ! bru%4 ,aft] ! v>i\s colors h be5 plac$1 ! pla/] ca/ is !n plac$ )9 ! b>s & ! color be+ p]mitt$ to set1 x is !n back$ ) a lay] ( concrete4 ,,! ,,concrete ,,back+ ,,may ,,be ,,color$ ei!r ) color ?r\gh\t or ) a topp+ ( color to give x a f9i%4 ,if corn]s are to be r\nd$ or ! edges trimm$ 9 any way ?is color lay] %\ld be ?ick en\gh to p]mit trimm+ )\t expos+ ! "u lay]4 ,,to ,,avoid ,,! ,,color ,,fall+ ,,out 9 color relief "w1 ! foll[+ %\ld be obs]v$4 ,:5 prep>+ to p\r 9 ! back+1 obs]ve :e!r any ( ! color cem5t plac$ on ! tile has become too dry4 ,if s1 x %\ld be spray$ ) a light coat+ ( wat] or bru%$ ) a bru% full ( wat]1 & its upp] expos$ surface slightly r\gh5$ s t ! back+ w adh]e firmly4 ,if x becomes dry & smoo? ! second lay] ( cem5t p\r$ onto x w come 9 close contact b n adh]e1 & lat] a *ange 9 temp]ature or j> ( ! tile may %ake a portion ( ! design loose s t a color fragm5t w fall out4 ,,to ,,avoid ,,color ,,prematurely ,,dry+1 ! pla/] ca/ %\ld be plac$ 9 wat] = fifte5 m9utes at lea/ be=e ! color is plac$ into x4 ,to p]mit free absorption ( wat] ! pla/] tile %\ld nev] be %ellac$ on ! bottom b only on ! sides & ! top4 ,,ano!r ,,way ,,to ,,model ,a ,,relief ,,design is to c>ve x on pla/] direct )\t mak+ ! relief on clay or model+ wax4 ,?is me?od has ! advantage ( be+ pro( aga9/ ov]hang+ edges1 ?\gh "s c>e mu/ be tak5 aga9/ und]cut surfaces4 ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,pla/] ,,c>v$ ,,model trace ! design onto a smoo? slab ( pla/] ( ! "r size t has be5 ca/ on a smoo? surface4 ,if a l>g] piece ( pla/] ?an ! desir$ size is us$ x c be cut d[n4 ,,to ,,cut ,,pla/] ,,sections an old saw c be us$ or sev]al /rokes ( a knife on ! surface until ab\t "o-qu>t] ( ! ?ickness has be5 cut1 & a simil> cutt+ on ! rev]se side1 j opposite to ! cutt+ on ! fir/ side w enable ! pla/] to be brok5 easily4 ,or by lay+ x on a /raight edge ) ! l9e ( cutt+ ov] ! edge1 a quick pressure ) ! h& w snap ! two pieces ap>t4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,design ,,is ,,trac$ a *isel$ nail po9t1 nut pick or o!r h>d edg$ po9t is us$ = scrap+ ! surface ( ! pla/]1 model+ x or c>v+ x to ! desir$ %apes4 ,naturally x w be f\nd t pla/] c only be tak5 (f & n add$ on & t all reliefs mu/ be produc$ f ! surface d[nw>d1 t is ! natural surface w be ! maximum height & all v>iations 9 ! surface produc$ bel[ t4 ,,backgr\nd ,,treatm5ts are produc$ :]e a design appe>s 9 l[ relief aga9/ a backgr\nd4 ,! backgr\nd may be /ippl$ ) ! tool po9t or l9es scrap$ or cross$ l9es us$ to create int]e/+ backgr\nd qualities4 ,,to ,,build ,,up ,,pla/] ,,surfaces1 r\gh5 ! surface onto :i* m pla/] is to be plac$ & mix fre% pla/] & place x on ) a small spoon or ) ! bru%4 ,aft] ?is is dry x c be c>v$ or scrap$ ) ! tools us$ 9 ! model+ ( pla/]4 ,,to ,,f9i% ,,! ,,pla/] ,,c>v+1 x is dri$1 %ellac$1 & us$ = ca/+ j ! same z ! o!r relief =ms describ$4 ,to pres]ve ca/s f receiv+ injuries to _! surfaces !y %\ld be wrapp$ 9 pap] ) a c>d aga9/ _! face & plac$ ) face t[>d ! wall 9 a cupbo>d or %elf1 :5 n 9 use4 ,:]e a mold has be5 repeat$ly us$ & ! %ellac become worn1 ! mold %\ld be c>efully dri$ & ! %ellac coat+ r5ew$4 ,a ,,conv5i5t ,,clay ,,to ,,use = relief "w is ! p[d]$ fire clay secur$ 9 mo/ h>dw>e /ores & is ! clay us$ = l9+ grates1 furnaces & simil> purposes4 ,?is clay is conv5i5t 9 t only ! am\nt ne$$ may be mix$ up = use1 leav+ ! balance ( ! p[d]$ fire clay always 9 good condition4 ,,relief ,,tiles ,,design$ ,,= ,,floor ,,surfaces or = wall surfaces are be/ :]e !y d n conta9 deep relief z !y w n cat* du/ or dirt & w be bett] unifi$ ) ! rema9+ surfaces4 ,,special ,,treatm5t ,,= ,,relief ,,floor ,,tiles is requir$ 9 t ! cem5t %\ld be compact & clean s& %\ld be us$ mix$ ) j en\gh wat] to cause ! two to adh]e to ea* o!r & ?is %\ld be tamp$ into ! mold well up aga9/ ! face ( ! pla/] tile to pack ! mixture firmly & cause x to =m into a durable surface4 ,,to ,,h>d5 ,,cem5t ,,tiles or pott]y !y %\ld be plac$ 9 wat] s t ! wat] w complete ! *emical action produc+ ! /one-l quality ( successful cem5t "w4 ,if ! tile is remov$ & dri$ & aga9 plac$ 9 wat] x w increase ! h>dness4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,tile ,,is ,,h>d5$ x is dri$ ?or\ghly & bru%$ well ) a bru%4 ,x may be wax$ or fir/ giv5 a ?9 coat ( %ellac & !n wax$4 ,%ellac %\ld nev] be appli$ until ! cem5t tile is ?or\ghly dry1 z o!rwise ! %ellac w rema9 /icky4 ,illu/ration3 ,pla/] & ,clay ,model$ ,cem5t ,tiles ,illu/ration3 ,color ,cem5t ,tiles & ,pott]y by ,art ,s*ool ,/ud5ts ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #g ,! ,majolica ,tile ,illu/ration ,,majolica ,,pott]y d]iv$ its "n f ! isl& ( ,majorca1 ,italy1 :]e dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury glaz$ pott]y rea*$ its highe/ p]fection4 ,glaz$ color may be plac$ 9 holl[s 9 ! surface ( pott]y or on ! surface4 ,a bett] me?od is to produce a rais$ l9e or rim to reta9 ! glaze1 & ?is is ! me?od we w use 9 ! cem5t or concrete pott]y4 ,,! ,,cem5t ,,majolica ,,tile is made z foll[s3 ,fir/ design a subject t w h ea* motif1 "p or section def9$ ) l9es4 ,^! l9es mu/ be "p ( ! design & us$ mu* z l9es are us$ 9 /a9$ glass "w4 ,! design %\ld be simply plann$4 ,a confus+ ov]cross+ tangle ( l9es is to be avoid$4 ,a few geometrical =ms rightly relat$ w be mo/ pleas+4 ,keep ! design at lea/ "o-half in* )9 ! edge ( ! space4 ,!n oil a piece ( glass z direct$1 place ov] a c>d t has ! tile dim5sions squ>$ (f on x z a guide = plac+ ! ca/+ b>s on ! glass4 ,clay or wax %\ld always be us$ to hold ! ca/+ b>s 9 place4 ,into ?is n[ p\r pla/]-(-,p>is1 p\r+ into ! c5t]1 lett+ x fl[ to ! out] edge4 ,level (f ev5ly & remove aft] fifte5 m9utes4 ,on releas+ ?is pla/] tile a smoo? surface w be f\nd on ! side :i* came next to ! glass4 ,,! ,,design is !n transf]r$ to ! pla/] tile by trac+ ) a c>bon pap]4 ,! pap] %\ld be ?umbtack$ onto ! sides ( ! pla/] tile to prev5t x f slipp+ :ile trac+4 ,! design %\ld also be trac$ on backw>ds s t ! complet$ majolica tile w be 9 ! same position z ! design4 ,! design is !n incis$ ) ! incis+ tool1 c>e be+ tak5 t at :atev] dep? ! l9e is made ! incision has sides slop+ upw>d4 ,if ^! grooves h ov]hang+ edges ! cem5t to be p\r$ 9 w fl[ "u ^! edges & lock ! tile1 caus+ ^! l9es to break be=e ! cem5t tile c be releas$4 ,,:5 ,,incis+1 see t ! bottom ( ! groove is suffici5tly wide1 z ?is bottom is to be ! surface ( ! l9e on ! complet$ surface4 ,a l9e "o-sixte5? or "o-eighte5? ( an in* is n too wide4 ,! pla/] %\ld n be too s(t or too h>d to secure ! be/ incision & avoid crumbly l9es4 ,:5 ! incis+ is complet$ oil ! surface & surr\nd ! tile ) f\r reta9+ b>s4 ,! b>s %\ld be soak$ 9 wat] & be ( d\ble wid? z !y ext5d above ! pla/] ca/4 ,?is ext5sion above ! tile repres5ts ! ?ickness ( ! tile to be made4 ,clay or wax is press$ on ! out] edges ( ! b>s & pla9 neat cem5t or a mixture ( ! desir$ color is made & p\r$ onto ! mold4 ,p\r 9 ! c5t] /eadily1 = cem5t p\r$ on ! 8in/allm5t plan0 w %[ a m>k :]ev] ea* in/allm5t occurr$4 ,:5 ! cem5t 9 ! mold has dri$ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs remove by slightly pry+1 aft] ! reta9+ b>s h be5 remov$4 ,if p>ts ( ! l9es are n on ! surface x is because air 0 arre/$ 9 p\r+ ! cem5t or ! oil settl+ 9 ! grooves4 ,if l9es are brok5 & rema9 9 ! mold x is because ! grooves h ov]hang+ edges & lock$ ! cem5t l9e4 ,to repair ^! l9es1 soak ! tile = a few m9utes & mix a small portion ( cem5t to mat* t us$ & build ! miss+ section by dripp+ ! cem5t f a bru%4 ,,aft] ,,dry+ = an h\r put ! :ole tile 9 wat] = a day or ov]night & x is !n ready to add ! color4 ,mean:ile ! pla/] mold ) ! defective grooves %\ld h ! grooves cle>$ by scrap+ ! ov]hang+ edge ) an incis+ tool4 ,! tile z x has be5 produc$ by ! mold appe>s ) a numb] ( relief l9es divid+ ! :ole surface into a numb] ( p>titions or cells4 ,x is into ^! t we are to place ! color & x %\ld be work$ z foll[s3 ,:ile ! surface ( ! tile is moi/1 drip 9 ! color ) a bru%1 spread+ x to fill ! requir$ space4 ,?9 pieces ( metal 7or mat]ial t w n absorb ! moi/ure7 may be us$ to spread ! color1 produc+ a smoo?1 ev5 surface4 ,! color aft] once comm5c+ to set %\ld n be t\*$1 & = ?is reason %\ld be r liquid s z to p]mit h&l+ )\t too rapid dry+4 ,,! ,,color ,,surface appe>s bett] :5 ! l9es ( ! design rema9 uncov]$ ) color4 ,if ! color is ?icke/ 9 ! c5t] ( ! spaces & !n bevels d[n z x comes 9 contact ) ! l9es1 ! :ole tile or surface w appe> m pr(essional4 ,if color becomes blurr$ or di/urb$1 x is bett] to wa% ! :ole out "u ! faucet & beg9 anew1 or remove ! section at fault & "w ov]4 ,no am\nt ( pat*+ or rubb+ w p]fect ! surface aft] x is p>tly dry or complet$4 ,aft] ! color+ is f9i%$ put 9 a tray1 c>efully p\r wat] into ! tray )\t dropp+ any onto ! tile & let h>d5 = five days4 ,! wat] %\ld rea* a little m ?an half-way up ! side4 ,aft] remov+ x f ! wat] let /& until dry1 poli% ) a s(t flannel slightly wax$ to remove :ite s$im5t on surface4 ,,ano!r ,,me?od ,,)\t ,,! ,,l9es is to use ! color directly onto cem5t or concrete surface )\t any reta9+ l9es4 ,! colors may be plac$ s t !y int]m+le or s t !y j t\*1 or ! color spots may be sep>at$ "o f ano!r simil> to /5cil "w4 ,! color = ?is me?od is mix$ ?or\ghly ) cem5t & wat] until ! mixture is a f9e ?ick liquid or 8slip40 ,,slip ,,pa9t+ is a me?od ( pa9t+ a design 9 "o or sev]al colors ov] a cem5t or concrete surface4 ,! color may be slightly 9 relief or if done at ! prop] "t x c be made to become a flat /a9 ( color s9k+ into ! fir/ surface4 ,,! ,,two ,,ways ,,( ,,slip ,,pa9t+ mu/ be h&l$ a little diff]5tly & ! be/ way to become famili> ) ^! me?ods is to d ! "w4 ,!re=e let u "w out ! fir/ me?od ( produc+ a design slip pa9t$ 9 slight relief z foll[s3 ,,fir/3 ,make a design = a six-in* squ>e1 ! design to d5ote ! colors to be us$4 ,second3 on a glass place reta9+ b>s :i* h be5 soak$ 9 wat] & oil$1 leav+ space six in*es squ>e into :i* a half lay] ( neat cem5t is p\r$ & !n a lay] ( "o-half s& & "o-half cem5t4 ,?ird3 aft] /&+ = twelve h\rs1 release ?is cem5t tile & x w be a pla91 smoo? surface4 ,?is is plac$ 9 wat] = an h\r & ! design trac$ ^u its surface4 ,*alk ( any visible color %\ld be rubb$ on ! back ( ! draw+ to act z a trac+ m$ium4 ,c>bon pap] or graphite %\ld n be us$ z any greasy sub/ance w prev5t ! slip pa9t+ f adh]+ to ! cem5t tile surface4 ,,! ,,colors ,,= ,,! ,,slip ,,pa9t+ %\ld be mix$ s z to mat* ! colors ( ! color sket*4 ,:5 mat*+ ! colors1 dry a small dab ( ea* color on a glass to see ! dri$ color effect4 ,,to ,,mix ,,! ,,colors ,,prop]ly1 select ! color y wi%1 empty+ a little ^u a glass or m>ble slab4 ,take a little clean wat] & mix ) a palette or putty knife & gr9d ! color until x becomes a ?9 liquid pa/e4 ,hav+ gr\nd ?is color ?or\ghly1 scrape x up & place on "o side ( ! glass1 !n proce$ ) ! next color until y h mix$ ! complete palette ( colors to mat* ^? on ! sket*4 ,,v>y+ ,,colors ,,c ,,be ,,secur$ by mix+ ! m9]al colors & :]e hues diff]5t ?an ^? 9 ! set are want$ !y %\ld be mix$ ! same z 9 wat] colors4 ,!re is "o exception to ?is rule & t is 9 us+ ! orange4 ,! orange 9 ! m9]al colors :5 mix$ ) blue w produce a violet4 ,to gray ! colors add gray cem5t1 & to light5 ! colors add "s ( ! :ite cem5t4 ,,to ,,place ,,! ,,color ,,on ,,! ,,tile1 take x up ) ! bru% & drip onto ! cem5t surface1 be+ guid$ by ! trac+ previ\sly made4 ,! color %\ld be ?9 en\gh to fl[ f ! bru% easily & n s ?ick t x drips 9 lumps4 ,m wat] %\ld be add$ if too ?ick & m color is add$ if too ?94 ,9 bo? in/ances1 :e!r wat] or color is add$ x mu/ be gr\nd 9 ?or\ghly4 ,if ! color settles on ! glass x %\ld be /irr$ aga9 to keep ! mixture uni=m4 ,,! ,,relief ,,( ,,! ,,colors c be regulat$ by h[ mu* color is fl[$ f ! bru%1 & surfaces c be built up by repeat+ ! /rokes ( color4 ,avoid repeat+ a /roke aft] ! color has comm5c$ to set1 z a second /roke 9 su* an in/ance w de/roy ! surface lu/re4 ,:]e colors run ov] ! b\nd>ies !y may be scrap$ back or tak5 (f ) a moi/1 clean bru%4 ,! direct clean /roke w produce ! be/ f9al results1 & if prec$+ ea* /roke a little ?\ght is giv51 mi/akes w be avoid$4 ,! tile surface %\ld n be p]mitt$ to dry :ile work+ ^u x & if kept 9 a %all[ tray ( wat] !re w be less risk ( x do+ s4 ,wat] %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to fall ^u or t\* ! surface ( ! slip pa9t+ or tile z ! color w be de/roy$4 ,! tile is plac$ c>efully into %all[ wat] to cont9ue h>d5+ & 9 f\r or five days w be h>d en\gh to remove4 ,aft] dry+ out ( wat] sev]al days x is ready to use or x may be giv5 a gasol9e wa% or wax rub if ne$$4 ,tiles w h>d5 z !y age4 ,^? t appe> to be p>tly *alky :5 complet$ w h>d5 9 a mon?'s "t1 :5 ! moi/ure f ! c5t] ( ! tile has completely evaporat$4 ,,! ,,second ,,me?od ,,( ,,slip ,,pa9t+ is us$ :]e ?ree diff]5t planes or heights ( color are want$4 ,= in/ance we w suppose t ! subject is to be a decorative design ( trees & di/ance l&scape 9 ?ree colors4 ,?is w\ld be work$ out z foll[s3 ,fir/1 ca/ a pla9 cem5t tile & aft] remov+ x & :ile damp p\r a spoonful ( color on ! surface coat+ x ) pla9 color z desir$4 ,?is color %\ld be ! backgr\nd color ( ! sket*4 ,second1 :ile ?is coat+ is s(t1 take ! lighte/ color 7= cl\ds1 wat]1 boats1 fl[]s1 etc47 & ) a full bru% place ! color onto ?is s(t coat+4 ,x w bl5d & s9k into ! backgr\nd color & rema9 equally flat4 ,?ird1 aft] ^! colors h comm5c$ to set1 ) a full bru% pa9t 9 ! =egr\nd "p ( ! design 7trees1 etc471 work+ 9 l>ge masses & build+ up ! color by repeat$ /rokes until ! "r relief is secur$4 ,avoid %ad+ ! p>ts & keep all p>ts flat 9 tone1 ev5 ?\gh !y may be 9 relief4 ,x w be f\nd t ! lat] color is add$ to ! fir/ coat+ ! less x w s9k into ! backgr\nd4 ,any design c be work$ out accord+ly ei!r 9 relief or flat4 ,a little exp]im5t+ w solve _m que/ions1 & reveal great] possibilities4 ,to complete ! tile x is plac$ 9 %all[ wat] until x h>d5s1 !n let dry = sev]al days aft] :i* x may be giv5 a ton+ wa%1 or gasol9e wa%1 & a wax rub4 ,a ,,?ird ,,me?od is to take a flat surface & slip-pa9t a design onto x 9 relief4 ,aft] ! color has set = a %ort "t x c be trimm$ c>efully ) a knife s t ! sides are ne>ly v]tical4 ,?is w give ! slip-pa9t+ a decid$ly diff]5t appe>ance & x may be left ?is way or o!r color may be add$ s t x comes ne>ly up to ^! trimm$ sides4 ,,avoid ,,leav+ ,,any ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,surface ,,dry+ or sett+ :5 pa9t+ on ! surface2 or ! tile h>d5+ 9 ! wat] too long be=e be+ pa9t$ ^u1 z x w prev5t x f becom+ durable4 ,surfaces c be cov]$ smoo?ly :5 slip-pa9t$ if ! color is us$ v ?94 ,fir/ cov] ! surface ) a coat+ ( ! color to be us$1 imm$iately add+ m ( ! color & x w fl[ & settle ev5ly4 ,a slip-pa9t$ color w dry dull if plac$ ^u a tile %ortly aft] x has come out ( ! mold4 ,to secure a glaze to a color ! tile %\ld rema9 9 ! wat] = two days be=e ! color is plac$ onto x4 ,,= ,,l>ge ,,surfaces on :i* color is to be slip-pa9t$1 ! surface on :i* ! color is to g %\ld be r\gh5$1 s t ! color w become an*or$4 ,,?ree ,,degrees ,,( ,,surface c be secur$ by diff]5t treatm5t4 ,^! f9i%es are1 fir/1 ,dull ,surface2 second1 ,mat ,surface2 ?ird1 ,glaz$ ,surface4 ,,dull ,,f9i% is secur$ by putt+ ! color into ! mold4 ,! mold absorb+ ! wat] f ! surface causes x to dry dull4 ,,mat ,,f9i% is secur$ by plac+ ! color onto ! tile or vase surface aft] ! surface has come out ( ! mold & moi/5$ 9 wat] = a few m9utes4 ,,glaz$ ,,surface is secur$ by lett+ ! tile or o!r object h>d5 9 wat] = sev]al days & !n dra9+ (f ! surplus wat]1 aft] :i* ! color is slip-pa9t$ onto ! desir$ surfaces4 ,,tile ,,%\ld ,,n ,,be ,,p]mitt$ ,,to ,,dry at any "t be=e color is add$1 z ! color w n become atta*$ to ! surface4 ,,d ,,n ,,=get to r\gh5 ! surfaces ( ! spaces & to add neat cem5t also be=e dripp+ ! color onto ei!r ! mat f9i% or glaze f9i% tiles z describ$ 9 *apt] five 9 ! p>agraph on ,! ,glaz$ ,color ,f9i%4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,majolica ,tile ,illu/ration3 ,slip-,pa9t$ ,tiles ,illu/ration3 ,slip-,pa9t$ ,tile ,me?ods ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #h ,sgraffito ,color ,cem5t ,"w ,illu/ration ,,sgraffito is ! "n appli$ to ! incis$ w>e ( ! ,italians1 & us$ by !m f a v e>ly p]iod dat+ z f> back z ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,! w>e 0 made by cov]+ ! clay body ) a lay] ( slip ( ano!r color1 & ?is 0 !n scrat*$ ?r\gh ) a tool %[+ ! color ( ! w>e b5ea? aga9/ ! sup]impos$ surface1 aft] :i* x 0 fir$4 ,?is process has be5 us$ f ! mo/ primitive times1 b x rema9$ = ! ,italians ( ! fifte5? c5tury to dignify x z an art4 ,,color ,,cem5t ,,sgraffito is produc$ ) a lay] ( cem5t & color be+ us$ in/ead ( color$ clay & ! cem5t is h>d5$ )\t fir+1 wat] only be+ us$ to f9i% ! surface to a durable quality4 ,,!re ,,are ,,two ,,ways to produce a sgraffito surface on a tile & ^! are1 ! glaz$ surface & ! dull surface tile4 ,no mold is ne$$ = ! design z a sgraffito design mu/ necess>ily be a freeh& production1 ?\gh molds may be us$ = duplicat+ ! sgraffito effect aft] ! orig9al "o has be5 made1 if no und]cut edges are left4 ,,to ,,produce ,a ,,sgraffito ,,tile1 ! reta9+ b>s are set to give ! desir$ %ape & dim5sions1 aft] :i* ! space is fill$ ) a half in* lay] ( concrete1 ei!r ( s& & cem5t mixture or ( gravel & cem5t4 ,:5 ?is lay] has dri$ s t ! top section is moi/ b firm 9 surface1 a ?9 lay] ( color & cem5t %\ld be p\r$ onto ! cem5t s t x =ms a ?9 lay] n m ?an an eigh? ( an in* ?ick4 ,,to ,,smoo? ,,! ,,lay]s aft] ! color has be5 p\r$ 91 %ake ! glass or table or :atev] surface ! mold is re/+ ^u & if ?is is done g5tly x w cause ! color to become level & ev5 9 surface f9i%4 ,,to ,,cause ,,tiles ,,to ,,be ,,equal ,,9 ,,?ickness ! surface ( ! glass or table ^u :i* ! mold re/s %\ld be level :5 ! cem5t is p\r$ 94 ,o!rwise ! tile :5 f9i%$ w be f\nd to be ?ick] on "o side ?an on ! o!r4 ,a glass or pan ( wat] or a _s level w quickly %[ :e!r or n ! surface is level4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,fir/ ,,color ,,lay] ,,is ,,p\r$ into ! mold x is p]mitt$ to /& j long en\gh to settle firmly & !n a second lay] ( ano!r color is p\r$ ov] ! fir/ lay] s t x also =ms a ?9 lay] ( ev5 color4 ,?is second lay] %\ld be ev5 ?9n] ?an ! fir/4 ,a lay] "o-sixte5? ( an in* is a good dim5sion to plan on1 ?\gh ^! dim5sions ne$ n be accurately adh]$ to4 ,if ! fir/ lay] is p]mitt$ to dry too long be=e ! second lay] is add$ ! result w be t z ! f9i%$ sgraffito tile is dry+ x w split 9 lay]s1 ! split com+ betwe5 ! lay]s ( colors t 7 p]mitt$ to dry too long4 ,a ,,?ird ,,lay] ,,( ,,color may be add$ ov] ! second lay] if ! design be+ plann$ calls = ?ree divisions ( colors4 ,^! lay]s are to respond to ! next /ep 9 ! process1 :i* is to expose portions ( ea* lay] by tool+ ! surfaces s z to produce diff]5t colors at ! same "t t ! diff]5t dep?s are produc$4 ,,! ,,top ,,lay] ,,w ,,dry ,,) ,a ,,smoo? ,,surface :i* w produce a sgraffito tile ) a glaz$ or p>tly poli%$ surface :ile ! o!r lay]s w h a surface ) dull texture4 ,,to ,,produce ,a ,,tile ,,) ,a ,,dull ,,surface ?r\gh\t1 ! p\r+ /ages %\ld be rev]s$ 9 _! /eps4 ,t is1 ! color t is to be ! top surface %\ld be p\r$ fir/ & ! o!r colors 9 _! prop] relation1 ! la/ lay] be+ ! cem5t & s& or o!r concrete mixture4 ,?is w result 9 ! lay] fir/ p\r$ 9 com+ next to ! glass1 hav+ a dull f9i% :5 x is releas$ f ! mold4 ,,to ,,produce ,,! ,,sgraffito ,,design on ! sgraffito tile1 ! tile %\ld be p]mitt$ to dry = ab\t t5 to twelve h\rs or if x rema9s ov]night ! surface w be ab\t "r to "w ^u4 ,! pap] ) ! design is !n plac$ & reta9$ 9 ! correct position on ! cem5t tile & a dull p5cil is us$ to trace ! patt]n1 )\t ! use ( c>bon pap] or o!r transf] m$ium4 ,?is w result 9 an ind5t$ or emboss$ guide l9e on ! cem5t surface ( ! tile :i* c be us$ 9 scrat*+ away ?r\gh ! fir/ lay] to ! "u color4 ,,! ,,top ,,lay] ,,( ,,color %\ld be us$ to tell ! ma9 "p ( ! design /ory4 ,if ! subject is to be t ( a bird or a %ip1 ! top lay] design %\ld be ! bird or %ip or o!r motif & ! motif %\ld be s design$ z to rea* ! b\nd>ies ( ! tile surface s z to produce a /r5g!n+ bord] arrangem5t all ar\nd ! edge4 ,,! ,,second ,,color ,,lay] c !n play a second>y "p 9 bo? ! color s*eme & ! design arrangem5t1 giv+ ) its color plac+ a contra/ to ! upp] ma9 lay] us$ = ! design4 ,,! ,,backgr\nd ,,color %\ld be brilliant or dull dep5d+ ^u ! surface color4 ,if ! surface color is brilliant1 ! bottom color %\ld be dull]4 ,if ! upp] color is dull1 ! backgr\nd color c !n be ! bright int5s] color4 ,,:]e ,,?ree ,,lay]s ,,( ,,color ,,are ,,us$ ! middle lay] c be a color h>moniz+ ) bo? ! backgr\nd lay] & ! top lay] & c be us$ ei!r = a patt]n "p to ! design or x may be us$ simply z a bl5d+ /rata or lay] appe>+ 9 ! cut sides ( ! sgraffito "w4 ,,color ,,h>mony is ess5tial 9 produc+ sgraffito color cem5t & a color sket* w be a good safe prelim9>y 9 do+ sgraffito "w z false /eps or errors _c be rem$i$ 9 sgraffito & ea* /ep %\ld be c>efully ?\ght out be=e ! tool+ comm5ces4 ,,to ,,d ,,! ,,tool+1 a scrat* po9t %\ld be us$ = incis+ or scrap+ d[n along ! l9e ( ! portion to be scrap$ out4 ,! portion )9 ?is b\nd>y %\ld !n be scrap$ out d[n to ! next lay] ( color1 c>e be+ tak5 n to g\ge or cut deeply into ! "u color4 ,if ! design is "o ( ?ree lay]s1 ! c5t] lay] c be includ$ 9 ! scrap+ out if ! bottom color or lay] is to appe> 9 t portion ( ! design4 ,d n attempt 9 ! scrap+ to take out l>ge portions at a "t z x w result 9 ! break+ out ( sections t are want$ z "p ( ! rema9+ design4 ,x w be f\nd t ! lay]s ( color z scrat*$ into reta9 _! sep>ate lay]s & t ! ?9 lay] ( ! upp] color sep>ates easily f ! lay] on :i* x re/s4 ,if a slight portion ( ! upp] color is incl9$ to rema9 atta*$ to ! backgr\nd color or "u lay] let x rema9 z x w give an int]e/+ color quality & h>monize ! two colors4 ,,! ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,sgraffito ,,lay]s %\ld gradually slope outw>d1 & aft] ! lay]s h be5 tool$ cle> ! sides ( ! lay]s %\ld be gone ov] & ev5$ up 9 slant z well z 9 g5]al f9i%4 ,if ! corn]s are to be %>p or r\nd$ 9 f9i%1 see t ! treatm5t is c>ri$ out simil>ly 9 all p>ts s t a g5]al unity ( f9i% w rema94 ,,! ,,la/ ,,/ep ,,9 ,,f9i% is to place ! sgraffito tile 9 wat] s t x is entirely imm]s$1 & x is left 9 ! wat] = sev]al days aft] :i* x is dri$ by be+ plac$ flat 9 a cool b n draughty place to dry4 ,,to ,,produce ,,sgraffito ,,surface on b[ls or o!r r\nd surfaces ! lay]s are produc$ by rotat+ ! b[l 9 colors or spray+ ! colors on ) a spray] su* z is describ$ 9 ! *apt] on color+ ( b[ls & vases4 ,! color c also be plac$ on ) a bru% if x is mix$ to ! "r consi/5cy & ! successive lay]s put on at ! "r int]vals4 ,,sgraffito ,,= ,,ar*itectural ,,"w holds great possibilities1 & is be+ gradually recogniz$ by ^? build]s :o desire ! *>m ( h& wr\ght enri*m5t t graces s _m ( ! ,old ,_w build+s4 ,sgraffito decorative pill>s & panels = build+s1 homes & c\rts is an assur$ possibility by ! use ( color cem5t & c be produc$ ) less co/ ?an by ! fir$ clay me?od z well z 9 l>g]1 m unifi$ sections 9 t !re are no kiln limitations to be consid]$ 9 do+ ! color cem5t4 ,a plate is %[n illu/rat+ ! use ( sgraffito 9 ! mak+ ( an entrance to a college build+ design$ 9 ! ,italian ,r5aissance /yle & ! sgraffito & ornam5tation be+ ( ,italian s\rce1 bo? comb9$ 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! build+ z a :ole4 ,,sgraffito ,,c ,,be ,,appli$ ,,to ,,_m ,,=ms su* z book ends1 f]n boxes1 g>d5 b[ls1 ! requirem5t = success be+ ma9ly ! plac+ ( ! successive lay]s ( color on ea* o!r :5 nei!r too dry or too wet1 & ! scrap+ away ( ^? p>ts desir$ :5 ! cem5t is 9 ! prop] condition4 ,illu/ration3 ,sgraffito ,tile & ,sgraffito 9 ,ar*itecture ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #i ,model$ & ,c>v$ ,color ,cem5t ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,/&po9t ,,( ,,good ,,design model+1 :5 appli$ to a flat surface or any o!r surface1 %\ld n be high 9 relief4 ,any "t t a model$ design appe>s to h be5 add$ onto or is 9 su* relation to ! surface t x appe>s to be an indep5d5t1 deta*able ornam5t to t surface1 !n x is n truly decorat+ ! surface1 b detract+ f ! object decorat$4 ,at all times keep ! pr9ciples ( unity & subord9ation 9 m9d :5 produc+ model+ s t ! design w be a relat$ developm5t to ! mat]ial & ! surface us$4 ,,cem5t ,,tiles ,,) ,a ,,model$ ,,surface are produc$ z foll[s3 ,take a flat1 smoo? piece ( clay or model+ wax1 cut to ! size ( ! tile to be produc$4 ,su* a surface may be made by roll+ clay or wax ) a roll+ p9 or o!r r\nd$ surface4 ,hav+ drawn ! design to be model$ on a piece ( ?9 pap]1 place ?is ov] ! clay & trace lightly4 ,?is w produce a slight indication on ! surface suffici5t to guide ! model+4 ,if !re are sections t are to be l[1 ^! p>ts are outl9$ ) an incision 9 ! surface & scrap$ out to ! desir$ level4 ,d ?is ov] ! entire surface1 be>+ 9 m9d t ! edges ( ! tile %\ld g5]ally h a bord] or o!r p>ts reta9$ ( ! orig9al surface4 ,too mu* elim9ation on ! tile edge w ?9 ! tile & weak5 its con/ruction & design4 ,hav+ scrap$ out all ! l[ p>ts1 !n clay or wax may be add$ to su* p>ts t are to be high] ?an ! fir/ surface4 ,) ! model+ tool %ape ! p>ts1 f9i%+ !m s t !re are no ov]hang+ edges4 ,:5 ?is is complet$ surr\nd ) ! pla/] b>s & produce a mold 9 pla/] :i* 9 turn is oil$ 9 ! usual way & a cem5t tile ca/ f x4 ,neat cem5t %\ld be p\r$ fir/1 & aft] a few m9utes sett+1 a concrete mixture is p\r$ 9 until ! desir$ ?ickness is secur$4 ,9 ?is way a cem5t tile is secur$1 duplicat+ 9 =m ! orig9al clay or pla/] h&-made model$ tile4 ,! color ( ! surface c be any color accord+ to ! color add$ to ! neat cem5t mixture4 ,,diff]5t ,,colors on diff]5t p>ts ( ! surface c be produc$ z foll[s3 ,mix cem5t colors ) equal p>ts ( cem5t4 ,gr9d ^! colors ) ! putty knife or pe/le & place ea* color 9 a small sauc] or pan4 ,oil ! surface ( ! mold ) a bru%1 dabb+ x on 9 %ort /rokes4 ,! colors are next dripp$ f a bru% onto _! "r location4 ,?is lay] ( color %\ld be ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick & left to /& until firm on ! surface4 ,x is !n cov]$ ) a lay] ( concrete & smoo!d (f to a level4 ,,tea ,,tiles ,,or ,,l>ge ,,tiles = ins]ts into g>d5 furniture or = ar*itectural use c be /r5g!n$ by a re9=cem5t4 ,a re9=cem5t may be made f ! ord9>y w9d[ scre5+ or any wire f5ce me% or s-call$ h>dw>e clo?s us$ 9 build+ con/ruction4 ,?is wire %\ld be cut a little small] ?an ! tile & sunk into ! concrete lay] :ile s(t4 ,x %\ld be press$ d[n ) ! f+]s until ! concrete closes ov] x4 ,?is w add a consid]able /r5g? to ! tile4 ,aft] ! tile has set = sev]al days1 x is remov$ by ins]t+ ! knife betwe5 ! edges & c>efully pry+ x ap>t1 or /eam+ ap>t by plac+ ov] a l[ flame = a few seconds4 ,if "p ( ! color rema9s /ick+ to ! pla/] mold x is because !re 0 n en\gh oil on t p>ticul> spot4 ,!re=e rememb] t a mold surface %\ld be well oil$ be=e plac+ ! color into x1 & c>e be+ tak5 t !re is n s mu* oil t x settles 9 ! holl[s & grooves4 ,! tile aft] dry+ ?or\ghly may be poli%$ ) wax & us$4 ,,= ,,model+ ,,l>g] ,,objects su* z fl[] pots1 urns or simil> =ms1 x is be/ to =m "s means ( re9=cem5t to approximate fairly closely ! f9al =m ( ! object4 ,close me%$ wire c be us$ successfully = ?is purpose4 ,x %\ld be ti$ & brac$ firmly s t ! concrete or cem5t weight w n de/roy its %ape4 ,! concrete mixture %\ld be made ) "o "p cem5t & two p>ts clean s&4 ,,to ,,ha/5 ,,! ,,sett+ ,,( ,,cem5t add a v small quantity ( common wa%+ soda to ! wat] us$ 9 mix+ ! cem5t4 ,?is w cause ! cem5t to set up rapidly s t ! "w c be done m quickly4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,mixture ,,has ,,be5 ,,appli$ ov] ! wire re9=cem5t & %ap$ & model$ until complet$1 x %\ld be put 9 "s cov]$ place or 9 a moi/ location = ! fir/ two or ?ree days s t ! moi/ure 9 x w n evaporate4 ,,to ,,h>d5 ,,! ,,cem5t ,,object imm]se x well 9 ! wat] = f\r or five days4 ,if x /ays long] 9 ! wat] x w n hurt ! object4 ,! wat] w h>d5 or complete ! action ( hydration necess>y to make cem5t durable4 ,,to ,,secure ,,bisymmetric ,,%apes to =ms or to secure true circul> %apes1 a templet ( %eet metal c be cut & rotat$ f a c5trally locat$ axis4 ,?is is us$ :ile ! mort> or concrete is 9 pla/ic condition s t ! templet w cut or model ! "r cont\r4 ,,c>v$ ,,cem5t is made possible by scrap+ or c>v+ out ! cem5t :5 x is 9 ! "r condition4 ,?is condition c be det]m9$ by scrap+ ! cem5t to see :e!r x is h>d en\gh to c>ve4 ,if x is too h>d1 x _c be c>v$ successfully4 ,ab\t sixte5 to tw5ty h\rs sett+ w produce ab\t ! "r condition b ?is w v>y accord+ to ! mixture & climatic conditions1 z temp]ature w be an important ?+ to consid] 9 all color cem5t "w4 ,v hot wea!r is n a good "t to d color cem5t1 ! w9t] days or gray cool days are be/ to "w ) cem5t = p]fect h>d5+ results4 ,avoid freez+ wea!r4 ,,to ,,c>ve ,,cem5t1 ! tools may be ( metal or nails %ap$ ) cutt+ po9ts & ! "w done simil>ly to ! c>v+ ( ! sgraffito tile describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,no add+ or build+ ( p>ts is possible1 ! :ole subject be+ a process ( tak+ out p>ts & %ap+ ! p>ts t are left4 ,backgr\nds & portions c be v>i$ 9 texture & diff]5t results w be secur$ ) a little exp]im5t+4 ,,diff]5t ,,textures are possible 9 ! c>v$ tile4 ,a glaz$ surface to ! c>v$ tile is secur$ by c>v+ on ! upp] side ( ! tile2 :ile ! dull "u surface1 ! side mold$ aga9/ ! glass or "u surface1 w be us$ if a dull surface = ! c>v$ tile is desir$4 ,a ,,glaz$ ,,or ,,mat ,,f9i% ,,backgr\nd 9 ! c>v$ tile c be secur$ by imm]s+ ! tile 9 wat] = a day or two = glaz$ f9i% or an h\r = a mat f9i% & !n apply+ neat cem5t1 pla9 or ) color z describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,color ,"w = ,tiles4 ,,c>v+ ,,on ,,b[ls ,,& ,,vases & o!r =ms c be done1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! c>v+ does n g s deep z to weak5 ! surfaces4 ,motifs or spaces c be c>v$ out ( cem5t b[ls & vases & bits ( /a9$ glass or mosaics1 or color cem5t c be put into ! spaces & neat color cem5t us$ to b9d ! additions into ! spaces4 ,,slip-,,pa9t$ ,,portions ,,may ,,be ,,add$ to ! c>v$ tile4 ,aft] ! tile is c>v$ & prop]ly moi/5$ 9 prep>ation = ! cem5t to be add$1 ! color cem5t is mix$ to a ?9 slip & a backgr\nd patt]n or decorations c be add$ to ! surfaces ( ! c>v$ tile4 ,! tile is !n plac$ 9 %all[ wat] )\t p]mitt+ ! wat] to rea* ! surface ( ! tile1 & p]mitt$ to rema9 = f\r to six days be=e remov+4 ,x %\ld !n be plac$ 9 a cool location until completely dri$4 ,,! ,,unit ,,tile or ! small tiles made to be assembl$ 9 patt]ns1 may h model$ or c>v$ cem5t surfaces comb9$ ) ! units to complete ! patt]n4 ,= in/ance a numb] ( tiles repres5t+ leaf =ms may be comb9$ ) o!rs repres5t+ fl[] motifs4 ,^! may be imb$d$ into a panel ( cem5t or concrete1 ! units gr\p$ 9 "s =m ( design gr[?1 ! /ems & o!r relat$ portions be+ model$ 9 ! cem5t1 or c>v$ 9 ! surface aft] ! cem5t is some:at h>d5$4 ,! units c be 9 color or mat f9i%1 ! backgr\nd rema9+ 9 dull f9i%4 ,,model$ ,,cem5t ,,tiles diff] f ! cem5t tile ) a model$ surface4 ,9 ! fir/ ! model+ is done on wax or clay & ! cem5t tile is made by duplicat+ ! effect by ! use ( pla/] molds4 ,! model$ cem5t tile is a model+ ( ! cem5t by h& :ile x is /ill 9 a pla/ic /age4 ,,to ,,prep>e ,,cem5t ,,= ,,model+1 p\r a concrete mixture into ! mold s z to all[ = a second add$ lay] ( ab\t "o qu>t] in* ( neat cem5t4 ,?is la/ lay] ( neat cem5t is ! "p :i* is to be model$ & c be made into a color by ! addition ( color to x4 ,?is color %\ld be add$ 9 ! dry =m to ! dry cem5t1 mull$ or gr\nd well into ! cem5t & !n mix$ ) wat] until x becomes a ?ick cem5t pa/e t w p\r sl[ly onto ! concrete mixture fir/ plac$ 9 ! mold1 until x cov]s ! entire surface4 ,a g5tle j>r+ ( ! mold w settle ! color ev5ly & x %\ld !n be p]mitt$ to /& until ( a good model+ consi/5cy4 ,a ,,good ,,model+ ,,consi/5cy = cem5t is det]m9$ by te/+ x ) a tool or small po9t$ /ick mak+ a small incision or try+ a small section to see if ! mixture holds its =m4 ,if ! cem5t z laid up on edge /ays 9 position & does n h ! t5d5cy to fall or settle1 x is !n ready to model1 z x w hold its =m :5 built 9 relief4 ,,prompt ,,action ,,is ,,necess>y :5 ! mixture is at ?is po9t & ! tool %\ld be promptly us$ scrap+ or sket*+ ! subject by incis$ l9es 9 ! surface4 ,!n p>ts ( ! cem5t are scrap$ f ! l[ portions & plac$ on ! p>ts to be 9 high] relief until ! g5]al r\gh =ms are mass$ 94 ,! small] p>ts are !n detail$ 9 & ! diff]5t p>ts f9i%$ j z "o w\ld 9 work+ ) clay or model+ wax4 ,if x is f\nd t p>ts d n hold up1 x is because "u sections ( ! cem5t h n dri$ suffici5tly & x w be necess>y to wait until x h>d5s a little m4 ,,! ,,f9i%$ ,,result may be complete ) ! /rokes ( ! tool or ! model+ in/rum5t %[+ ov] ! entire surface4 ,if ! te*nique is %[n 9 ?is way1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! /rokes are pleas+ 9 direction & n c>elessly left4 ,z ! tile h>d5s x w be f\nd t ! surfaces or edges c be %ap$1 & ev5 :5 ! surface is almo/ h>d1 x c be slightly ind5t$ or c>v$ to produce diff]5t textures & v>y+ qualities4 ,,good ,,model+ ,,tools are ^? t are made f pe> wood = sculptors use4 ,metal model+ tools also c be us$4 ,good home-made model+ tools c be made f manicure /icks1 p5cils1 d[el /icks or ord9>y small h>dwood pieces %ap$ ) a knife4 ,^! pieces %\ld be smoo!d d[n v ev5ly ) f9e s&pap] & !n rubb$ ) beeswax or p>aff9 to avoid any r\gh surfaces4 ,r\gh surfaces w cause ! cem5t to /ick to ! tool4 ,exp]i5ce w be a good guide to ! work] 9 color cem5t = det]m9+ ! be/ %ape to make ! model+ tool1 z individual ne$s & ways ( work+ w det]m9e ! be/ =m = ea* p]son4 ,illu/ration3 ,model$ & ,c>v$ ,cem5t ,tile ,me?ods ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #aj ,color ,cem5t = ,b[ls & ,vases ,illu/ration ,,! ,,color ,,= ,,b[ls ,,& ,,vases is mix$ ! same z = ! tiles & x w be f\nd t ! use ( ! mull] to gr9d ! color is necess>y to secure a good mixture4 ,! color %\ld be ( ! "r consi/5cy = rotat+ inside ( ! molds1 :i* c be be/ det]m9$ by a trial4 ,x w fall (f ! sides if too ?9 & if x is too heavy x w fail to roll ev5ly4 ,,to ,,prep>e ,a ,,vase ,,or ,,b[l ,,mold = color1 ! p>ts to come 9 contact ) ! color %\ld be oil$ aft] !y h be5 imm]s$ 9 wat]4 ,! p>ts are !n assembl$ & ti$ toge!r4 ,correspond+ m>ks or figures c be plac$ on ! molds s t !re c be no mi/ake 9 comb9+ ! correct sections4 ,su* m>ks w avoid confusion1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! mold may be compos$ ( a numb] ( sections4 ,molds = vases are n %ellac$4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,rotation is !n made by tak+ a quantity ( ! color cem5t or slip1 mix$ only ) neat cem5t ( ?ick quality1 & p\r+ x into ! m\? ( ! mold into ! bottom4 ,a spoon may be us$ to place ! color if ! m\? ( ! mold is l>ge en\gh4 ,! color is !n rotat$ by turn+ ! mold gradually until ! color cov]s all ! inside ( ! walls & ! surplus is p\r$ out into a pan4 ,if ! color at fir/ refuses to atta* to ! inside1 a few sl[ revolutions ( ! mold w g5]ally ov]come ! tr\ble z ! oil is caus+ ! sep>ation & is ov]come by a few turn+s ( ! color4 ,,! ,,second ,,rotation is accompli%$ 9 ! same way t ! fir/ rotation 0 b n until ! fir/ lay] has fairly set4 ,! surplus f ! fir/ mixture may be us$4 ,x is plac$ or p\r$ c>efully 9 & ! rotat+ done & ! surplus aga9 p\r$ out1 except+ t x is p\r$ out f ! opposite side s z to equalize ! ?ickness ( ! neck section ( ! vase or b[l4 ,a ,,?ird ,,rotation may be necess>y if ! b[l is a l>ge surface or if ! slip us$ has be5 v ?94 ,aft] ea* rotation ! mold ) its lay] ( inside color %\ld be cov]$ ov] ) a damp clo? to prev5t too rapid dry+ ( ! color4 ,! second & ?ird mixtures %\ld be ?9n] ?an ! fir/4 ,,! ,,wall ,,mixture is !n rotat$ ov] ! color /ratas & is made ( "o "p ( cem5t & two p>ts s&4 ,?is mixture is necess>y to give ! b[l or vase /r5g? & to make x wat]pro(4 ,if neat cem5t alone is us$ ! vase w *eck & crack 9 "t1 p>ticul>ly if wat] is ev] p\r$ into x4 ,,= ,,small ,,vases only "o rotation ( color is necess>y & ! second & ?ird may be ( cem5t & s& ) a f\r? f9i%+ lay] 9 color4 ,?is f9i% lay] may be ( any color desir$ )9 ! range ( color cem5ts or ( neat gray cem5t only4 ,,! ,,f9i% ,,rotation is ! lay] t w appe> z ! inside l9+4 ,?is is made ( color & neat cem5t & is rotat$ s z to cov] ! cem5t & s& mixture4 ,?is mixture may be plac$ 9 ! mold aft] ! vase or b[l has be5 remov$ f ! mold1 & ?is p]mits ! possibility ( c>ry+ ! inside color ov] ! edge ( ! m\? & p>tly d[n ! side z a decoration4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,rotat$ ,,colors ,,h ,,dri$1 :i* g5]ally takes f two to five days1 ! mold is c>efully op5$ & ! vase remov$4 ,flaws or bubbles on ! surface1 if any1 are correct$ by scrap+ ) a moi/5$ knife p>ts ( ! neck t are n to rema9 & o!rs fill$ 94 ,! false neck or t portion t ext5ds above ! actual vase is n[ c>efully trimm$ away1 leav+ only ! actual b[l or vase4 ,,c>v+ ,,& ,,scrap+ ( ! surface c be done :ile ! surface is slightly s(t :i* is soon aft] ! b[l or vase has be5 remov$ f ! mold4 ,glaz$ color may be plac$ into ! spaces c>v$ or scrap$ f ! surface if ! surface is moi/5$ well ) wat]1 !n add+ neat cem5t ov] :i* ! color is dripp$ foll[+ ! in/ructions z giv5 = ! tiles4 ,,to ,,h>d5 ,,! ,,object mold$ x is imm]s$ 9 a bucket ( wat] & left = sev]al days4 ,if ! surface has _h color add$ to x aft] x has come f ! mold1 x _c be imm]s$ 9 wat] z ! color w\ld be float$ (f4 ,x %\ld h wat] p\r$ on ! inside & left to dry 9 a cool place4 ,,ton+ ,,wa%es c be made ( ?9 color & bru%$ onto ! surface aft] ! b[l has be5 well damp5$4 ,?is w p]meate ! f9e pores ( ! cem5t z well z ga!r into ! crevices p>ticul>ly ( a c>v$ or relief surface & if a contra/+ color is us$1 x gives pleas+ effects4 ,,glaz+ ,,b[ls ,,& ,,vases is mu* m difficult ?an color+ tiles4 ,! curv$ surface requires c>eful application4 ,prep>e a quantity ( desir$ color to be appli$4 ,!n spread x out 9 a pan or di% 7a platt] w d v well71 revolve ! b[l on ! f+]s s t ! surface comes 9 contact ) ! color4 ,! color w adh]e & ! b[l %\ld be kept sl[ly revolv+ until ! color sets4 ,! b[l c !n be fill$ ) wat] & left to dry4 ,if ! b[l is kept 9 "o position be=e ! color is set1 ! moi/ure w cause x to run & m> ! surface4 ,aft] ! fir/ color has set an additional color c be dripp$ on at ! top or o!r colors add$ into or onto ?is surface4 ,diff]5t effects w be possible1 dep5d+ ^u h[ soon ! color is add$ to ! fir/ coat+4 ,dry color c be spr9kl$ onto ! wet color & p]mitt$ to become absorb$1 giv+ an int]e/+ effect4 ,! color may be appli$ ) a bru% or palette knife1 & o!r ways ( produc+ v>iations on ! surface may be produc$ by exp]im5t+4 ,a ,,vase ,,=m ,,) ,,majolica ,,surface w ne$ to h ! surface turn$ z x is work$ ^u4 ,?is c be done by revolv+ ) ! h& inside ( x1 or if too small turn$ on a "r angle support1 padd$ s t x w n injure ! neck ( ! vase4 ,! vase may h "o end support$ on some?+ to keep ! work$ "p f com+ 9 contact ) ! surface4 ,aft] a "p has be5 fill$ 91 x %\ld be left to set = a m9ute be=e turn+ ! surface1 o!rwise ! color w drop out4 ,aft] ! color is all 9 position1 /& ! vase upright & ) a funnel fill ) wat] & let x h>d5 = sev]al days4 ,! wat] w supply ! color surface ) moi/ure prev5t+ x f dry+ too rapidly4 ,any cem5t surface 7tile or vase7 be=e x is v h>d c h motifs scrap$ into x s t ! design is a s]ies ( %all[ op5+s 9 ! surface4 ,! color cem5t c !n be dripp$ into ^! op5+s simil> to majolica "w & complet$ 9 ! same way4 ,a vase ) a pla9 surface c be made exce$+ly attractive by add+ a few simple motifs well *os5 & plac$ on ! surface 9 ?is way4 ,,= ,,slip ,,pa9t+ tile or pott]y surface1 v>i\s colors to be us$ %\ld be mix$ & gr\nd on glass or m>ble ) palette or putty knife until ?or\ghly smoo?4 ,! colors %\ld be plac$ 9 ord] on a glass or enamel palette4 ,o!r hues may be produc$ by ! mixture ( ^! colors or light5$ by add+ a :ite cem5t4 ,a small bru% is us$ to apply ! color4 ,! surface to :i* !y are be+ appli$ %\ld always be damp & ! complete surface to be color$ %\ld be done at "o sitt+4 ,! tile or vase is !n plac$ 9 wat] z previ\sly expla9$4 ,x is be/ t ! color be ?9 r ?an ?ick1 & avoid go+ ov] a surface a second "t4 ,a second /roke w de/roy ! lu/re :i* w o!rwise rema9 on ! surface4 ,a ,,vase ,,or ,,b[l ,,=m to be us$ = slip-pa9t$ color w h to set a few m9utes to prev5t ! color runn+ :5 ! b[l is turn$ = new work+ surface4 ,! b[l or vase is c>efully fill$ ) wat] & left to set = sev]al days1 c>e be+ tak5 t no wat] drops onto ! slip pa9t+4 ,! object work$ ^u mu/ be set 9 ! %ade to dry1 :]e no?+ w come 9 contact ) x4 ,illu/ration3 ,color ,cem5t ,vases ,illu/ration3 ,color ,cem5t ,vases ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #aa ,glass ,mosaic ,tiles ,illu/ration ,,fragm5ts ,,( ,,/a9$ ,,glass c be secur$ f almo/ any /a9$ glass works )\t co/1 z mu* ( ! odds & ends ( glass are ?r[n away4 ,^! fragm5ts c be us$ 9 mak+ ,glass ,mosaic ,tiles1 & us$ correctly w produce *>m+ & int]e/+ results4 ,"m-(-pe>l or abalone flakes c also be us$ z small bits "h & !re 9 designs & w be f\nd to give an additional ri* effect4 ,semi-preci\s /ones or glass beads c be us$ 9 _m ways su* z h&les & tops or z re/s = tea tiles1 etc4 ,! beads c be sunk into ! cem5t until ! hole ?r\gh ! bead is conceal$4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,glass ,,mosaic ,,tile !re are f\r /eps z foll[s3 #a/4 ,mak+ & trac+ ! design4 #bnd4 ,cutt+ ! glass4 #crd4 ,p\r+ ! cem5t back+4 #d?4 ,releas+ ! tiles & f9i%+4 ,,fir/ ,,/ep3 ,,mak+ ,,& ,,trac+ ,,! ,,design4 ,to make a design = glass mosaic1 plan a v simple design = ! fir/ problem4 ,a few squ>es jo9$ by simple b>s1 compos$ 9 a simple pleas+ arrangem5t w be h>d en\gh4 ,objects su* z fl[]s1 birds1 trees1 etc41 mu/ be plann$ 9 simple =ms4 ,rememb] t ea* piece is to be cut f glass & intricate outl9es1 etc41 mu/ be abbreviat$4 ,decide :at direction ( l9e w tell ! mo/ 9 ! %orte/ l5g?4 ,x w be f\nd t design+ = glass mosaics or = /a9$ glass is "o ( ! be/ influ5ces = record+ l>ge masses1 = produc+ ! maximum am\nt ( subject ) ! m9imum means ( l9e4 ,aft] ! design has be5 drawn out on pap] x %\ld be color$ to correspond ) ! /a9$ glass fragm5ts t h be5 secur$4 ,"r "h x may be well to /ate t ! glass mosaic ne$ n be entirely cov]$ ) glass sections4 ,mu* ( ! backgr\nd may be cem5t & ! color$ portions 7/a9$ glass & "m-(-pe>l7 may be only a c]ta9 portion or design runn+ across ! tile surface4 ,aft] ! design has be5 color$1 make a firm trac+ f x & place ! trac+ upside d[n on ! table & a glass ov] ?is l>ge en\gh to cov] x fully4 ,! /a9$ glass sections are assembl$ ^u ?is glass z !y are cut4 ,,second ,,/ep3 ,,cutt+ ,,! ,,glass4 ,a small glass cutt] ) a :eel c be pur*as$ at any h>dw>e /ore & ) a little practice glass c be easily cut4 ,once ! :eel is plac$ ^u ! glass x %\ld be press$ slightly s t x grips ! surface4 ,!n draw ! cutt] firmly t[>d y )\t *ang+ ! angle ( ! h&le & )\t turn+ ! h&le to "o side or ano!r4 ,a few taps ) ! tip ( ! h&le on ! "u side ( ! glass & a 8b5d+ & pull+ ap>t0 motion ( ! glass ) ! f+]s w cause x to come ap>t aft] ! cutt+4 ,"s glass cuts mu* easi] ?an o!rs & a good cut ) ! cutt] w cause x to come ap>t ^u ! slighte/ b5d+ 9 ! f+]s4 ,d n run ! cutt] :eel ov] a cut l9e 9 ! glass a second "t1 z x w injure ! :eel4 ,practice cutt+ cle> glass z well z /a9$ glass4 ,! glass cutt] %\ld be plac$ ) ! :eel 9 turp5t9e to pres]ve ! cutt+ edge4 ,to cut ! glass 9 ! "r %ape use ei!r ( ! foll[+ me?ods3 ,trace ! design ^u /iff pap] & numb] ea* section ( ! design to correspond ) numb]s on ! orig9al sket*4 ,cut ^! sections ap>t & use !m z patt]ns to lay on ! glass4 ,! glass cutt] is !n run ar\nd ! edge ( ! patt]n 9 cutt+ ! glass4 ,! second me?od is to trace ! sections to be cut directly onto ! glass4 ,if c>bon pap] is us$1 ! l9e w be def9ite en\gh to foll[4 ,,small ,,sections ,,( ,,glass c be bett] sep>at$ aft] ! glass cutt] has be5 us$ if small pli]s or dull nipp]s are us$ to grip ! glass4 ,hold ! l>ge/ piece ( glass firmly betwe5 ! f+]s & ) ! nipp]s grip ! glass close up to ! l9e ( division & ) a quick d[nw>d turn ( ! nipp]s x w divide ! glass along ! l9e produc$ by ! cutt]4 ,! sections ( glass :5 all cut may be trimm$ to tru] =ms by us+ a corborundum /one or file4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,glass ,,has ,,be5 ,,cut1 place a trac+ upside d[n on ! table & a glass ov] ! trac+4 ,! trac+ on ! und]side ( ! pap] %\ld be visible ?r\gh ! glass1 & ( c\rse is rev]se 9 position4 ,take ea* piece ( glass & t\* ! "r side ) glue & place x onto ! glass ov] its location def9$ by ! trac+4 ,assemble all ! glass 9 ?is way1 all ! pieces be+ glu$ face d[nw>d onto ! glass4 ,"m-(-pe>l1 metals1 etc41 c be assembl$ ! same way1 & ! fact t !y are ?9n] ?an ! glass ne$ make no diff]5ce z _! surfaces all re/+ ^u ! glass w result 9 _! be+ all ! same level on ! complet$ tile4 ,,?ird ,,/ep3 ,,p\r+ ,,! ,,cem5t4 ,aft] ! glass has be5 glu$ & left rema9+ = sev]al h\rs 7to p]mit ! glue to dry7 ! reta9+ b>s are plac$ on ! glass1 at ! prop] di/ance f ! cut sections & cem5t is !n p\r$ into & ov] ! glass mosaics until ! requir$ ?ickness ( tile is secur$4 ,?is mixture may be color cem5t or ! neat ,portl& cem5t1 c>e be+ tak5 to p\r x 9 sl[ly f ! c5t] to avoid =mation ( bubbles4 ,,f\r? ,,/ep3 ,,f9i%+ ,,! ,,tile4 ,:5 ! tile has set = sev]al days x may be remov$ & an incis$ l9e made ar\nd ! edge ( ea* glass mosaic4 ,place ! tile 9 wat] to h>d5 = sev]al days4 ,remove & let dry1 !n give ! entire surface a gasol9e wa% ( gray or o!r color4 ,a slight poli%+ ( ! surface w f9i% ! tile4 ,x w be f\nd t ! moi/ure has s(t5$ ! glue s t ! :ole tile releases f ! glass surface4 ,! cem5t %\ld be rubb$ (f ( any ( ! glass p>ts if x has encroa*$ until ! entire edges ( ! glass mosaics are visible4 ,?is %\ld be done be=e ! tile is plac$ 9 ! wat] to h>d54 ,illu/ration3 ,mosaic ,tile ,me?od ,illu/ration3 ,mosaic ,tiles ,illu/ration3 ,mosaic ,/one ,tiles ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #ab ,fl[] ,boxes & ,o!r ,/raight ,=ms ,illu/ration ,,!re ,,are ,,?ree ,,ways ,,to ,,produce ,,fl[] ,,boxes 9 color cem5t & ! me?ods equally apply to o!r /raight-sid$ objects t are to be holl[ or act z conta9]s4 ,,molds ,,made ,,= ,,/raight-,,sid$ ,,objects h ! advantage ( p]mitt+ ! jo9ts ( ! molds to come on ! corn]s or junctures ( ! /raight sides2 !reby mak+ ! entire elim9ation ( any jo9ts rema9+ on ! object 7f :]e ! molds come toge!r7 an easy matt] ( removal4 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,ways ,,to ,,proce$ ,,9 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,fl[] ,,box is z foll[s3 ,take any ord9>y good proportion$ small wood5 box1 or block ( wood ( ! "r %ape1 & place a ?9 lay] ( model+ wax ov] ! surface until x is smoo? & ev5ly coat$4 ,model ! design desir$ on ! f\r sides1 avoid+1 z has be5 be=e caution$1 hav+ und]cut or ov]hang+ portions4 ,,! ,,design ,,may ,,be ,,secur$ ,,)\t ,,model+ by tak+ ! box & cov]+ ! sides ) cut c>dbo>d designs1 ! cut sections produc+ ! motifs or ! spaces betwe5 ! cut & appli$ portions be+ ! motifs4 ,9 ei!r case ! cut sides ( ! portions appli$ %\ld slant s t ! wide/ portion ( any op5+ =m$ :]e two appli$ pieces come toge!r w be wide/ at ! top4 ,! reason = ?is is to prev5t lock+ ( ! pla/] :i* w be p\r$ ov] ! surfaces to produce ! molds4 ,,if ,,! ,,c>dbo>d ,,is ,,us$ ,,= ,,! ,,design aft] ! glue is dry1 ! entire surfaces ( ! portions to come 9 contact ) ! pla/] is giv5 two coats ( %ellac1 ! second coat to be giv5 aft] ! fir/ coat is dry4 ,! %ellac %\ld be p]mitt$ to dry well4 ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,molds ! box ) ! design is turn$ upside-d[n & a mold is made ( ! bottom fir/4 ,?is is done by surr\nd+ ! f\r sides ) wood5 reta9+ walls s t ! sides ext5d at lea/ an in* above ! edges4 ,into ! space =m$ by ! f\r project+ walls1 pla/] is p\r$ & p]mitt$ to dry4 ,?is w result 9 a slab ( pla/] to reproduce ! bottom ( ! fl[] box 9 ! f9al cem5t ca/+4 ,if legs or irregul> portions are on ! bottom1 ! mold %\ld include ^! portions4 ,z soon z ?is bottom section is h>d1 ! keys are bor$ into x & "o ( ! sides is next mold$4 ,:5 mold+ ! sides1 turn ! model s t ! pla/] is p\r$ onto ! sides & n s t x is p\r$ alongside ! surface4 ,?is is done by turn+ ea* side to be mold$ s t x is horizontal or flat4 ,,:5 ,,all ,,! ,,molds ,,are ,,made & dri$ !y are ready = ca/+ ! cem5t box4 ,!y %\ld be plac$ 9 wat] until all p>ts h absorb$ moi/ure4 ,next !y are oil$ well & assembl$4 ,if m ?an "o color is to be us$1 ! molds = ^? sides to h color %\ld h ! color cem5t plac$ on ! molds :ile ! surfaces are flat4 ,:5 ?is color has set suffici5tly to p]mit ! sides to be plac$ upright1 )\t ! color runn+1 ! sides %\ld be assembl$ ) ! bottom mold & ! :ole set ti$ toge!r ready = ! p\r+ ( ! cem5t4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,mixture ,,( ,,cem5t %\ld be a ?ick mixture1 j z ?ick z w run easily :5 ! mold is rotat$4 ,! fir/ mixture ( cem5t %\ld be ( neat cem5t & may h color mix$ ) x4 ,x is p\r$ into ! mold or plac$ 9 ) a spoon1 & ! mold is rotat$ sl[ly until ! mixture has cov]$ all ! inside surfaces4 ,! surplus1 if any rema9s1 is p\r$ out f "o ( ! corn]s4 ,,! ,,second ,,mixture ,,( ,,cem5t %\ld be p\r$ 9 aft] ! fir/ lay] has set4 ,?is usually takes f an h\r to half a day dep5d+ on climatic conditions4 ,! second mixture %\ld be ( s& & cem5t & ( a ?9n] mixture ?an ! fir/4 ,?is is necess>y z ! fir/ lay] w absorb moi/ure v rapidly f ! second lay] & !re=e x %\ld be v ?94 ,,! ,,la/ ,,lay] ,,or ,,mixture %\ld h color 9 x also & is add$ 9 ! same mann] z ! second mixture1 aft] ! previ\s lay] has set4 ,?is is ! f9i%+ lay] & ! color %\ld be arrang$ to be 9 h>mony ) ! outside color4 ,a h>moni\s color w be "o t is a light] value ( ! outside color or x may be color t is complem5t>y to ! outside color4 ,,!re ,,are ,,two ,,important ,,?+s ,,to ,,rememb] 9 mak+ pott]y or boxes :]e ! molds are rotat$4 ,"o is t ! mold to be rotat$ %\ld n be %ellac$4 ,! reason = ?is is t ! pla/] molds mu/ absorb "s wat] f ! cem5t mixture to produce ! ?9 l9+ or inside coat+4 ,! second ?+ to rememb] is to p\r ! surplus mixture 9 ! second rotation f ! side opposite t ! fir/ surplus mixture 0 p\r$4 ,z ! l9+ is incl9$ to be ?ick] :]e ! p\r+ out occurs1 us+ an opposite side = ! second p\r+ out w equalize ! l9+ ( color4 ,,! ,,second ,,me?od ,,to ,,produce ,a ,,fl[] ,,box is by spread+ ! color 9 ! mold ) a knife1 press+ x up aga9/ ! sides ) a palette knife or small tr[el4 ,?is is possible because ! op5+ is l>ge en\gh to p]mit see+ ! sides4 ,:]e ! op5+ is small su* z t 9 a vase or j> ) tap]+ sides x _c be done ?is way & ! me?od ( rotation mu/ be reli$ ^u4 ,,:5 ,,spread+ ,,! ,,color ,,cem5t or l9+1 ! mold %\ld be turn$ s t z ! mixture is plac$ & spread a flat surface is be+ work$ ^u4 ,?is makes x easi] to "w & insures ! cem5t adh]+ to ! mold4 ,aft] ! sides are fully cov]$1 a ?9 mixture may be p\r$ into ! bottom & ?is :ole mixture 7! bottom & walls7 p]mitt$ to h>d54 ,,if ,,dra9 ,,holes ,,are ,,ne$$ 9 ! bottom ( ! fl[] box1 two cyl9d]s ( clay or model+ wax may be plac$ upright 9 ! bottom ( ! mold4 ,^! cyl9d]s %\ld be long en\gh to protrude above ! bottom lay] ( cem5t t is p\r$ 91 & aft] ! cem5t lay] has h>d5$1 !y may be remov$4 ,?is is pref]able to endeavor+ to drill ! holes out ( ! bottom aft] ! box is remov$ f ! mold :i* might result 9 break+ ! entire box4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,box ,,is ,,entirely ,,dry x may be giv5 a gasol9e color wa% or rubb$ ) a ?9 color cem5t wa% & aft] ! color has become p>tly dry1 ! surplus rubb$ (f ) a clo?4 ,a wax rub giv5 ) a s(t clo? & floor wax aft]w>ds w smoo!n up ! entire surface produc+ a velvety surface4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,way ,,to ,,produce ,a ,,box 9 color cem5t is by p\r+1 & ! me?od is z foll[s3 ,:5 mak+ ! molds in/ead ( mak+ ! p>ts z usual1 make a mold "p = ! top in/ead ( ! bottom1 z ! p\r+ mold is made upside d[n4 ,:5 ! f\r sides & top portion ( mold are ready1 !y are assembl$ & ! metal inside mold is plac$ inside ( ! pla/] mold4 ,,! ,,metal ,,inside ,,mold is a metal patt]n :i* :5 fold$ toge!r repres5ts ! inside space ( ! box4 ,)9 ?is metal patt]n or box1 /rips ( wood or pla/] %\ld be plac$ to keep ! metal or t9 =m 9 %ape :5 ! p\r+ ( ! cem5t comm5ces4 ,a good way to secure a p]fect fitt+ brace inside ( ! metal =m is %[n 9 ! work+ plate accompany+ ?is *apt]4 ,:5 ?is metal box ) enclos$ b>s is plac$ 9 ! "r position )9 ! pla/] mold1 ! cem5t mixture is !n p\r$ into ! spaces betwe5 ! outside mold & ! metal box until ! space is fill$4 ,!n ! cem5t p\r+ is cont9u$ until ! top ( ! metal box is cov]$ add+ en\gh m to =m ! bottom4 ,x w be ?us se5 t ! metal box mu/ be plann$ l[ en\gh s z to p]mit ( a bottom space4 ,,to ,,f9i% ,,! ,,box1 x is turn$ ov] aft] ! cem5t has suffici5tly h>d5$ & ! pla/]1 or wood5 b>1 is remov$4 ,! sides ( ! metal box are fold$ inw>d & ! entire box remov$4 ,?is w leave ! inside ( ! box free = ! smoo?+ or scrap+ ( faults or fill+ 9 ( bubble holes :i* c easily be accompli%$ be=e ! cem5t has entirely h>d5$4 ,! outside portion ( ! pla/] mold is !n remov$ & ! fl[] box appe>s complete except = ! surface color+ or f9i%+ z may be desir$4 ,,o!r ,,squ>e-,,sid$ ,,objects may be simil>ly treat$1 9 "s in/ances ! %apes or proportions requir+ diff]5t h&l+4 ,= in/ance1 a v long n>r[ box c\ld n be easily produc$ by rotat+ & %\ld be made by ! spread+ or p\r+ me?od4 ,l>ge surfaces or v long surfaces %\ld be re9=c$ by ! plac+ ( wire clo? 9 ! walls :5 ! cem5t is p\r$ 94 ,,tamp+ ,,or ,,press+ ,,( ,,cem5t is done by us+ cem5t & s& ( a consi/5cy l wet s&4 ,?is is plac$ into ! mold & press$ firmly ) a blunt /ick1 & a mallet c be us$ to tap ^! wood5 *isels s z to press ! cem5t well into ! ap]tures4 ,?is results 9 a v firm surface & is p>ticul>ly good = l>ge boxes & conta9]s4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! molds are firmly fa/5$ toge!r & ! molds %\ld be wat*$ occasionally :ile ! tamp+ is tak+ place to see t !y d n spread4 ,,tiles1 ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,,& ,,mosaics may be includ$ 9 ! decoration ( fl[] boxes4 ,!y %\ld be glu$ firmly into position on ! molds or bo>ds =m+ ! mold = ! box4 ,aft] a day or two dry+ ! molds are assembl$ & ! cem5t is p\r$ 9 ! usual way4 ,! moi/ure 9 ! cem5t w be f\nd to s(t5 ! glue s t on removal ( ! molds ! tiles1 glass or mosaics w rema9 ) ! cem5t4 ,,to ,,include ,,hang+ ,,*a9s1 ,,r+s ,,or ,,hooks 9 a cem5t box1 ! mold %\ld be arrang$ s z to accommodate ! *a9 or metal ?r\gh x4 ,! "p or op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! metal passes is fill$ ) clay or wax to avoid ! runn+ out ( ! cem5t4 ,! molds c be held up f ! table surface by a few blocks ( wood or work$ ^u aft] be+ plac$ on a tre/le4 ,,cov]s ,,to ,,boxes c be made 9 ! same mann] z boxes4 ,a s+le flat lid may h few] mold$ p>ts b %\ld h en\gh to p]mit easy release ( ! cem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,?ree ,cem5t ,box ,me?ods ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mak+ ( a ,cem5t ,box ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #ac ,color ,cem5t = ! ,g>d5 ,illu/ration ,,arti/ic ,,g>d5 ,,"w c be enhanc$ by ! use ( color cem5t4 ,:ile ord9>y cem5t & concrete con/ruction has be5 mu* us$1 !re are /ill great] possibilities ) ! use ( color cem5t4 ,! use ( color 9 ! op5 p]mits ! use ( bright colors1 9 key ) ! fl[]s & foliage2 & ) color cem5t ! =mal or ,italian g>d5 s*eme or ! in=mal or ,japanese mann] ( g>d5 arrangem5t is delightfully possible4 ,pott]y1 g>d5 furniture1 f\nta9s1 walls1 *imneys1 pools & walks are a few ( ! possibilities ) color cem5t4 ,,l>ge ,,g>d5 ,,pott]y is produc$ by ! same pr9ciples z vases & b[ls1 b z ! proportions are mu* l>g]1 ! me?ods ( work+ are diff]5t4 ,:]e a l>ge j>d9ire is to be made1 ! =m %\ld fir/ be built up f clay & be =m$ upside d[n4 ,bricks or any o!r solid mat]ial may be us$ = ! ma9 body ( ?is =m1 & ! clay built ov] x z x w n !n require s mu* clay4 ,if a long nail or rod or /rong /ick is plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( ?is mass1 x c s]ve ! purpose z an axis to a templet :i* w =m ! cont\r ( ! j>d9ire :5 mov$ ar\nd 9 a circul> direction4 ,! metal mu/ be good & heavy & sometimes x is necess>y to re9=ce ! templet ) wood4 ,aft] ! clay =m is built1 cases are made 9 sev]al sections f ! pla/] ! same z = small =ms2 & cem5t & concrete us$ 9 l>ge quantities aft] ! same me?od z = small =ms4 ,l>ge di%-pans1 pails1 etc41 may be us$ = secur+ ! inside =m = g>d5 pott]y4 ,oil ! outside & bottom ( ! pail or pan us$ & place x upside d[n on a table4 ,if only a c]ta9 "p ( ! bottom is want$1 clay %\ld be built up ar\nd x1 s t only ! "p want$ is expos$4 ,) a /rip ( t9 or l9oleum = a m\ld+ case surr\nd ! inv]t$ ut5sil & !n p\r ! concrete ar\nd & ov] x4 ,,to ,,=m ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,pott]y m accurately on ! outside1 take x out f ! mold 9 two or ?ree days & trim ) a knife to ! desir$ =m 79 w9t] let ! =m /ay 9 ! mold f\r or five days74 ,if ext5sions or additions are want$ ! vase1 b[l or j>d9ire1 %\ld be soak$ 9 wat] = an h\r or two & ! =m made f t9 or o!r mat]ial plac$ 9 position & ! cem5t p\r$ into ! =ms4 ,to secure small] p>ts indep5d5t f ! l>g] p>ts su* z fi%es or cup =ms = f\nta9s1 etc41 ! small] "p %\ld be made sep>ate f ! l>ge =m b a p9 or ext5sion %\ld be arrang$ s t x w fit into a groove on ! l>g] =m4 ,?is c !n be built toge!r by ! addition ( a little cem5t4 ,,g>d5 ,,seats4 ,! seat & ends c be made by us+ wood5 =ms :i* c be releas$ easily4 ,op5+s 9 ! ends c be arrang$ by ei!r ! use ( wood5 blocks or clay b>s plac$ 9 ! "r location4 ,^! blocks or b>s %\ld be tak5 out aft] ! cem5t has dri$ ?ree or f\r days4 ,a few nails 9 ! blocks w make x easi] to lift !m out4 ,tiles made z previ\sly expla9$ c be ins]t$ into ! ends by scrap+ an op5+ to accommodate !m :ile ! cem5t is /ill s(t4 ,a little cem5t p\r$ into ! back & ar\nd ! edge w fa/5 ! two toge!r4 ,,g>d5 ,,f\nta9s4 ,! b[l = f\nta9s %\ld be made indep5d5t ( ! base or p$e/al1 b arrang$ s t ! two groove toge!r4 ,?is c be plann$ by tak+ a clay impression or a pla/] ca/+ f ! surface4 ,= in/ance1 9 mak+ a b[l to re/ on a p$e/al1 ! bottom ( ! b[l %\ld h keys or projections plann$4 ,n[ suppos+ ! b[l is f9i%$1 a p$e/al %\ld h depressions 9 x to correspond ) ! projections on ! bottom ( ! b[l4 ,to secure ^! ! b[l itself or an equival5t surface 9 clay or pla/] mu/ be made to comb9e ) ! o!r p>ts ( ! mold+ case :5 ! p$e/al is made4 ,^! keys or grooves c be scrap$ out ( ! p$e/al top :5 s(t if c>e is tak5 to secure ! "r location4 ,by re/+ ! b[l ^u ! top a slight ind5tation w be made s t ! ind5tation c be increas$ to ! prop] dep? to secure complete 8regi/]0 betwe5 ! two p>ts4 ,:5 mak+ pla/] mold cases = l>ge pieces1 burlap1 co>se clo?1 etc41 %\ld be dipp$ rapidly into ! pla/] & us$ to build up ! mold+ case4 ,?is produces great] /r5g? 9 ! pla/] case4 ,a ,,design ,,unit us$ on l>ge pott]y or z a bord] to any l>ge surface c be plann$ & model$ 9 model+ wax4 ,f ?is model a mold is made 9 pla/]4 ,! clay c be press$ into ?is mold1 lift$ out & plac$ ^u ! surface to receive x4 ,a slight pressure & jo9+ ( ! edges w make x con=m to ! surface4 ,,to ,,re9=ce ,,l>ge ,,pieces1 wire1 iron rods1 wire me%1 or any su* mat]ial w s]ve ! purpose4 ,any n>r[ junction po9t or n>r[ "p connect+ two l>ge p>ts %\ld be re9=c$4 ,,pipe ,,connections ,,= ,,wat]1 ,,gas1 ,,or ,,electric ,,wires mu/ be plann$ = (t5 9 g>d5 furniture4 ,a r\nd wood5 rod ) a smoo? surface & oil$1 hav+ a l>g] diamet] ?an ! pipe to be us$ %\ld be us$ 9 ! mold4 ,?is is !n )drawn to make room = ! iron pipe4 ,a pipe c be us$ 9 place ( ! wood5 rod1 b ( c\rse x is !n held firmly 9 place1 becom+ "p ( ! mass4 ,all pipe %\ld be ?read$ = prop] connections1 & x is v advisable t y conf] ) a plumb] or electrician s t no mi/akes w be made4 ,/raight-sid$ =ms c be made f tiles z foll[s3 ,take f\r tiles1 soak$ 9 wat]1 aft]w>ds imb$ !m on edge upside d[n 9 a lay] ( clay4 ,!y %\ld be plac$ v]tical & at "r angles to ea* o!r4 ,x is also bett] t ! corn]s d n meet4 ,)9 ^! f\r tiles a clay cube is plac$ leav+ a c]ta9 space all ar\nd = ! wall4 ,! cube %\ld also be l[] ?an ! height ( ! tile to all[ = ! bottom z ! box is made upside d[n4 ,) clay or c>dbo>d /op ! corn]s & !n p\r 9 cem5t to ! top ( ! tiles4 ,let h>d5 = a few days2 !n remove clay1 smoo? up corn]s1 & set 9 wat] to h>d54 ,f]n di%es1 plant hold]s1 etc41 c be made 9 ?is way ) z _m sides z desir$4 ,! accompany+ *>t fur!r expla9s ?is problem4 ,,g>d5 ,,walks c be made ) l>ge irregul> cem5t slabs or /ones =m$ ) concrete4 ,?is w produce all ! beauty t comes f natural flag/ones & enables anyone to secure ! effect ev5 :5 flag/ones are n securable4 ,flat tile or irregul> tile c be produc$ z a f9i% surface to ! concrete base und]nea?1 ! :ole be+ "o solid mass1 elim9at+ mu* ( ! break+ up & loos5+ t comes :5 sep>ate tiles are plac$ 9 a surface4 ,,color ,,cem5t ,,flag/ones are made z foll[s3 ,fir/ prep>e a solid e>? "u-f\ndation4 ,to d ?is ! surface is press$ ) an iron roll] or tamp$ ) an iron tamp] or heavy wood5 block4 ,if ! surface has be5 previ\sly walk$ ^u = "s "t1 x w be good & solid4 ,on ?is surface indicate by scrap+ ) a /ick or tr[el ! %apes ( ! flag/ones desir$1 & scrape ! e>? out ( ^! areas to a dep? ( "o to two in*es4 ,?is surface is !n spray$ ) wat] until x rema9s damp & is ready = plac+ ! concrete mixture4 ,,! ,,concrete ,,proportions %\ld be "o "p cem5t to two p>ts or ?ree p>ts gravel4 ,^! p>ts are mix$ well toge!r dry & !n wat] is add$ :ile x is mix$ aga94 ,! be/ way to add ! wat] is to h "o p]son spray ! wat] f a hose :ile a second p]son uses a hoe to mix ! wet portions & expose ! dry sections4 ,a ,,mix+ ,,tray c be made f wood & %\ld hold wat] fairly well z x is important t !re be no leaks :ile ! mix+ is proce$+ z ! leak+ wat] may c>ry (f mu* ( ! cem5t4 ,aft] a box has be5 us$ sev]al times1 ! cracks & crevices w become fill$ & ! mix+ tray w become m wat]pro(4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,concrete ,,is ,,?or\ghly ,,mix$ a portion is !n tak5 & plac$ 9 "o ( ! scrap$ areas & %ap$ ) a tr[el4 ,! sides %\ld be left ?ick & pref]ably tap]+ slightly upw>d4 ,?is prev5ts break+ edges lat] :5 9 use su* z occurs if ! edges ov]hang4 ,,! ,,top ,,lay] %\ld be ( color$ cem5t & may be a v ?9 lay]1 b 9 ord] to be durable x %\ld be compos$ ( "o-half "p ( cem5t & "o-half "p ( gravel or s&4 ,?is is mix$ ) color suffici5tly to t9t x1 b ! color %\ld n be too great 9 quantity = x w weak5 ! /r5g? ( ! mixture4 ,,! ,,colors ,,= ,,! ,,cem5t ,,flag/ones is dry color & may be ,v5etian r$1 yell[1 o*re1 ,indian r$1 lamp black1 burnt umb]1 or burnt si5na4 ,?is m9]al color %\ld be mix$ 9 well ) ! dry concrete be=e wat] is add$4 ,colors c be *ang$ by mix+ "o color into ano!r4 ,= in/ance1 ! r$ c be made less int5se by ! addition ( burnt umb] or ) ! addition ( a little lamp black4 ,:5 add+ ano!r color to a cem5t mixture to :i* wat] has be5 comb9$1 d n add ! color dry b mix x ) wat] fir/ until x is a pa/e be=e mix+ x into ! fir/ mixture4 ,,to ,,f9i% ,,! ,,flag/ones ! color mixture is spread ov] ! fir/ portion plac$ 9 ! scrap$ area & spread ) ! tr[el until x cov]s all ! surface ( ! fir/ p\r+4 ,:5 ?is /rata has p>tly set1 x c be surfac$ ) tr[el m>ks or a few twigs or we$s c be held 9 ! h& & :ipp$ ov] ! cem5t surface1 produc+ a r\gh5$ texture4 ,! /one %\ld !n be cov]$ s z to protect x f be+ walk$ ^u & aft] ! second day x %\ld be spray$ ) wat] to help its h>d5+ process :ile dry+4 ,d n p]mit ! sun to prematurely dry ! /ones z ! sl[] a cem5t dries ! m durable x w be4 ,,bridge ,,"w ,,= ,,! ,,g>d5 c be con/ruct$ ) cem5t1 & ! use ( color comb9$ ) cem5t w enhance ! project if us$ res]v$ly & 9 good arrangem5t4 ,iron po/s or supports c be us$ z "u p>ts ( ! bridge or a tempor>y support ( wood c be us$4 ,a wood5 b>rel has be5 us$ successfully to =m ! op5+ "u a cem5t g>d5 bridge1 ! /aves be+ knock$ 9 to remove ! b>rel aft] ! bridge 0 complet$4 ,/ones & tree limbs c be comb9$ ) ! cem5t bridge t[>d creat+ in=mal effects4 ,! ,japanese g>d5 is delightfully arrang$ ) _m surprise effects ( /one "w & pools1 all ( :i* c be duplicat$ ) cem5t4 ,,natural ,,effects c be secur$ ) ! prop] use ( cem5t & ! possibilities are only limit$ by ! "t & int]e/ ( ! work]4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t cem5t & concrete is a process ( creat+ /one & ! /ones c be =m$ 9 pleas+ %apes & f9i%es & colors accord+ to ! wi% ( ! work]4 ,!re is great opportunity = ! work] ) color cem5t to create g>d5 ideas ei!r = pleasure or = remun]ation & any en?usia/ic work] c plan & direct su* "w = neighbor+ ne$s or = ^? :o are always anxi\s = ! diff]5t b pleas+ g>d5 creation4 ,a ,,tile ,,effect = walks or c\rts 9 regul> patt]n c be made by p\r+ a color lay] ov] a concrete solid lay]4 ,previ\s to ! p\r+ ?9 /rips ( wood are plac$ s z to divide ! space into ! tile %apes4 ,^! /rips are aft]w>ds tak5 out & ! tile edges scrap$ r\nd1 & ! spaces :]e ! wood 0 plac$ is !n fill$ ) gray cem5t4 ,?is produces at consid]able less exp5se ! same result z ! inlaid tile surface4 ,,! ,,decorat$ ,,g>d5 ,,tile is :]e ! color cem5t is p\r$ onto ! squ>e or rectangul> concrete /ones & :ile x is semi-moi/ o!r color is dripp$ on or /rok$ into ! surface ) a bru%1 =m+ a design motif4 ,^! motifs may appe> at regul> or irregul> int]vals dep5d+ ^u ! patt]n arrangem5t ( ! /ones1 & c be ( fl[]s1 qua9t birds or animals1 pref]ably 9 ab/ract arrangem5ts4 ,,*imney ,,/ones or flat /ones = surfac+ fireplaces or /one walls c be made by p\r+ out ! concrete mixture to :i* color has be5 add$4 ,^! %\ld be p\r$ onto a fairly h>d gr\nd surface :i* has be5 previ\sly wat]$4 ,! /ones c be ( v>y+ %apes & sizes & ) v>y+ t9ts ( colors4 ,gray cem5t alone w give a good color to :i* may be add$ ^? made ( ,v5etian r$1 ,indian r$1 & lamp black or yell[ o*re4 ,:5 dry !y %\ld be imm]s$ 9 wat] & !n add$ to ! brick und]surface ( ! *imney or mantel by us+ a mort> made ( a mixture ( lime & clean s& ) wat]4 ,to ?is add "o-f\r? to "o-six? "p ,portl& cem5t4 ,! lime %\ld be prep>$ previ\sly to comb9+ ) ! s& by add+ wat] to x1 lett+ x rema9 = a half day to two days 9 ord] t x w become slack5$4 ,lime gives adhesiv5ess to ! pla/]1 & ! brick surface to :i* ! /ones are plac$ %\ld be moi/5$ ) wat] be=e add+ ! pla/] lay] into :i* ! color cem5t /ones are to be press$4 ,_m o!r fasc9at+ uses ( color cem5t w develop into successful applications 9 ! h&s ( ! craftsman :o is int]e/$ 9 beautify+ ! g>d54 ,illu/ration3 ,helps 9 ,cem5t ,g>d5 ,pott]y ,illu/ration3 ,application ( ,cem5t ,tiles to ,ar*itectural ,use ,illu/ration3 ,color ,cem5t ,flag/ones ,us$ = a ,bridge1 ,g>d5 ,pa?way1 & ,entrance4 ,illu/ration3 ,color ,cem5t ,us$ = ,*imney ,/ones & ,flag/ones ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #ad ,! ,mak+ ( ,c&le/icks & ,book ,supports ,illu/ration ,,to ,,make ,a ,,c&le/ick ,,) ,,/raight ,,sides ! molds %\ld be made 9 sections1 ! divisions occurr+ :]e ! corn]s come4 ,?is results 9 ! object com+ f ! mold ) ! mold l9es :]e !y c be easily remov$4 ,,! ,,mold ,,= ,a ,,circul> ,,c&le/ick or r\nd base c be made 9 ?ree divisions simil> to ! mak+ ( a mold = a r\nd vase4 ,! mold l9es occurr+ on ! surface c be oblit]at$ z soon z ! object is remov$ f ! mold4 ,a ,,mold ,,= ,a ,,c&le/ick ,,diff]s ,,f ,a ,,vase ,,mold 9 t x is made upside d[n4 ,z a c&le/ick is made solid in/ead ( holl[ l a vase1 ! mold is fill$ f ! bottom1 ! op5 "p to hold ! c&le be+ a project+ section into ! space ( ! mold into :i* ! cem5t is p\r$4 ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,mold ,,sections ! small section to reproduce ! hole = ! c&le/ick is fir/ made4 ,! orig9al model1 made ei!r f clay or model+ wax1 is plac$ upright & a /rip ( oil$ c>dbo>d or metal fa/5$ ar\nd ! top & pla/] p\r$ into ! c&le/ick hole & up above ! top to ! level ( ! c>dbo>d or metal :i* %\ld ext5d at lea/ an in* above ! top ( ! c&le/ick4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,mold ,,= ,,! ,,top ,,is ,,made ea* side %\ld h a key space bor$ into x & !n ! mold is plac$ back into ! model1 ! expos$ portions ( ! pla/] are oil$ & ! side section 7r\nd or /raight section7 is next made1 leav+ ! bottom op54 ,! complet$ p>ts ( ! mold are assembl$ & dri$ be=e us+ !m = ! cem5t ca/4 ,,to ,,p\r ,,! ,,c&le/ick ,,ca/1 assemble ! molds aft] !y h be5 imm]s$ 9 wat] & oil$ & aft] ty+ !m firmly toge!r turn !m upside d[n & p\r ! cem5t into ! op5+4 ,if a color is to be us$1 ! color %\ld be p\r$ 9 & ! mold rotat$ until ! color cov]s ! inn] surface4 ,surplus color %\ld be mix$ & kept to use lat] 9 complet+ ! bottom4 ,aft] ! l9+ has set1 a mixture ( s& & co>se cem5t %\ld be p\r$ into x & p]mitt$ to settle4 ,j>r+ or tapp+ ! mold w help ! cem5t to settle4 ,if x settles1 m cem5t %\ld be p\r$ 94 ,aft] x has settl$1 ! color surplus simil> to ! surface l9+ is p\r$ on to f9i% ! bottom4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,mold ,,is ,,op5$ ! sides are op5$ fir/ & ! small mold section =m+ ! c&le/ick hole is c>efully twi/$ out4 ,if :5 mak+ ?is "p ( ! mold1 a ,t %ape wire has be5 ins]t$ x w /r5g!n ! mold4 ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,book ,,support1 a model %\ld fir/ be design$ & model$ 9 clay or model+ wax4 ,?is design mu/ be consid]$ f its practicability & ! /ructural design !re=e mu/ be c>efully plann$4 ,! base on ! book support %\ld be heavy en\gh to ov]balance ! upright portion s z to prev5t ! book support f fall+ ov]4 ,! upright portion may be ( any simple %ape & enri*$ 9 any ( ! me?ods previ\sly describ$ = ! decorat+ ( tiles4 ,a ,,wood5 ,,base ,,or ,,back ,,= ,,! ,,model may be us$ on :i* to place ! model+ wax4 ,a ?9 lay] ( ! model+ wax may be plac$ ov] ! entire surface1 & v>iations to ! %ape also c be made ) ! model+ wax4 ,a panel ( pla/] or a tile design c be incorporat$ into ! model in/ead ( model+4 ,?is me?od has be5 (t5 us$ & f\nd to give good results4 ,,gesso ,,or ,,reliefo ,,model$ ,,panels ,,c ,,be ,,us$ = book support designs by atta*+ !m to ! surface ( ! model4 ,if ! gesso or reliefo is fir/ %ellac$ x w be f\nd to be an excell5t mat]ial ) :i* to produce model$ designs = color cem5t h&icraft4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,model ,,is ,,complet$ ! fir/ "p ( ! mold to be made %\ld be ! portion ) ! design4 ,! triangul> %ape ( ! design & base portion %\ld be plac$ 9 position & support$ s t a s+le p\r+ ( pla/] w produce a mold ( ! design & ! upp] surface ( ! base4 ,diff]5t %ap$ bases or irregul> %ap$ bases w require individual consid]ation :5 plann+ ! molds4 ,! ma9 ?+ to consid] is t ! p>ts ( ! molds mu/ be made s t ! ca/ w release easily f ! molds4 ,,! ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,support are next made1 ca/+ ! sides :ile ! fir/ piece ca/ is kept 9 close position ov] ! model & drill+ keys 9 ! sides to produce lock+ holds 9 ! mold sections4 ,! top ( ! model is also ca/1 ! bottom be+ ! only portion n made1 z ! book support l ! c&le is ca/ upside d[n4 ,,prec$+ ,,! ,,p\r+ ,,( ,,cem5t ! mold sections are soak$ 9 wat]1 tak5 out & oil$1 assembl$ & put closely toge!r1 & ti$ firmly 9 position4 ,! color$ cem5t slip is !n p\r$ 91 ! mold is rotat$ & ! concrete or cem5t fill] is p\r$ 9 & p]mitt$ to settle4 ,! bottom or la/ lay] is !n p\r$ on 9 ! same color z t us$ = ! l9+4 ,,to ,,insure ,,quick ,,assembly ,,( ,,mold ,,p>ts :5 work+1 ! molds %\ld be m>k$ ) correspond+ numb]s s t ! correct p>ts c be put toge!r rapidly4 ,,to ,,f9i% ,,! ,,book ,,support x is remov$ f ! mold1 trimm$ z ne$$1 plac$ 9 wat] to h>d5 = sev]al days1 tak5 out & p]mitt$ to dry sl[ly & !n bru%$ well & wax$4 ,a ?9 coat+ ( %ellac may prec$e ! wax4 ,two sets ( molds = book supports w enable two book supports to be made at "o "t & 9 ?is way ! color ( bo? c be made to mat* ea* o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,book ,support & ,c&le/ick ,molds ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #ae ,color ,cem5t = ,int]ior ,decoration ,illu/ration ,,practical ,,use ,,= ,,color ,,cem5t inside ! home is "o ( ! greate/ possibilities ) color cem5t z a h&icraft4 ,x enables ! home build]1 ! art /ud5t1 or ! busy h\sewife :o has "s idea ( decoration1 to plan & execute durable tiles or panels = ! floor1 walls or fireplaces1 & to execute !m ) b little space & equipm5t4 ,,to ,,make ,,tiles ,,= ,,! ,,floor1 ! tiles %\ld be made 9 flat surfaces & )\t relief p>ts t w project s z to become worn f be+ walk$ ^u4 ,= floor surfaces press$ tiles are bett] ?an p\r$ tiles4 ,manufactur]s ( common cem5t tiles = ar*itectural purposes produce !m 9 presses ) sev]al tons pressure4 ,! craftsman c secure v good press$ effects by us+ back+ cem5t t has v little moi/ure 9 x & tapp+ x 9 well1 us+ a block ( wood & a mallet4 ,! reta9+ sides ( ! mold %\ld be ( wood or ( "s durable mat]ial t w )/& ! pressure1 & hold toge!r firmly4 ,,p\r$ ,,tiles ,,= ,,floor ,,use made f a /rong mixture ( s& & cem5t & ) a small proportion ( color w be f\nd to be durable4 ,"o or two coat+s ( %ellac & a cov]+ ( floor wax w fur!r increase ! durability ( ! we>+ surface4 ,,pla9 ,,tiles ,,= ,,floor ,,use c be us$ ) decorat$ tile & v>i\s int]e/+ patt]ns c be made 7a few ( :i* are %[n7 by int]sp]s+ ! tile 9 diff]5t arrangem5ts4 ,a glaz$ tile c be made & us$ z a v>iation 9 comb9ation ) mat f9i% or dull f9i% tiles4 ,sev]al small tiles may be us$ to fill a space & produce patt]ns 9 contra/ to l>g] tiles4 ,x w be f\nd t ) a little design arrangem5t _m int]e/+ floor arrangem5ts c be made ) tiles4 ,,:]e ,a ,,l>ge ,,numb] ,,( ,,tiles ,,are ,,to ,,be ,,made sev]al molds 9 pla/]-(-,p>is %\ld be made & a l>ge quantity ( color mix$ at once1 & ! fir/ color plac$ 9 ea* tile consecutively & !n ! next color1 until all ! colors h be5 plac$ 9 ! six1 eight1 t5 or :atev] numb] ( molds is be+ made at ! same op]ation4 ,aft] ! color has set1 ! back+ mixture ( concrete is made & p\r$ into all ! tiles4 ,a ,,templet ,,patt]n ,,mold = floor tiles is made by cutt+ templets f ei!r c>dbo>d or l9oleum ) slightly tap]+ sides & glu+ ^! into position to produce ! design4 ,! templets %\ld duplicate ! portions ( a design & ! design %\ld be ! fir/ /ep 9 ! problem to be solv$4 ,,! ,,design ,,= ,,templet ,,patt]ns %\ld be simple 9 =m & division4 ,geometric patt]ns & /raight l9e =ms are ! be/ = use4 ,good divisions ( squ>es & rectangles & ^! divisions *ang$ slightly to floral or leaf %apes %\ld be z f> z any elaboration %\ld g4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,templet ,,patt]n ,,is ,,cut x is assembl$ & glu$ into position on ano!r c>d or glass surface & giv5 two coats ( %ellac4 ,x is !n plac$ )9 ! reta9+ b>s & a ca/ is made 9 pla/]4 ,?is ca/ 9 pla/] is aft]w>ds %ellac$ & becomes ! mold = ca/+ ! cem5t tile4 ,,to ,,ca/ ,,! ,,cem5t ,,tile ! colors select$ f p>ts ( ! design are fir/ mix$ & plac$ into ! mold4 ,aft] ! colors h be5 all plac$ & p]mitt$ to h>d51 !y are back$ ) a mixture ( neat cem5t & color :i* is next back$ up ) a concrete mixture & !n p]mitt$ to dry = ?ree days4 ,aft] be+ h>d5$ 9 wat] = sev]al days aft] its removal f ! mold1 x is !n ready to be cem5t$ 9 position = floor use4 ,,! ,,back ,,f9i% ,,( ,,wall ,,tiles %\ld h c\nt]sunk spaces to p]mit a good grip or hold ( ! mort> t w be us$ to hold ! tile 9 position4 ,^! grip holds c be made by cutt+ f\r small rectangul> sections ( c>dbo>d & press+ !m closely toge!r into ! back ( ! tile aft] ! la/ lay] ( cem5t has be5 p\r$4 ,aft] ! cem5t has dri$ ?or\ghly & ! tile is ready to be remov$ f its mold1 ^! c>ds c be easily remov$4 ,,to ,,use ,,wall ,,tiles !y %\ld always be imm]s$ 9 wat] be=e ! mort> is appli$4 ,?is prev5ts ! moi/ure be+ absorb$ out ( ! mort> by a dry tile & assures bett] /ick+ ( ! tile to a p]p5dicul> surface4 ,,to ,,make ,,good ,,mort>1 build+ lime is plac$ 9 a mix+ box or bucket & wat] p\r$ ov] x4 ,next day x c be tak5 & mix$ ) s& until a ri*1 ?ick pla/] results4 ,to ?is add "o-qu>t] or "o-eigh? "p ( ,portl& cem5t to make x /rong4 ,,to ,,apply ,,tiles ,,to ,,an ,,upright ,,surface1 spray ! brick or rock surface ) wat]4 ,?is c be done ) a :isk broom or a l>ge bru%4 ,a clo? imm]s$ into wat] & dabb$ onto ! surface w s]ve v well4 ,! tile :i* has be5 plac$ 9 a bucket ( wat] to absorb moi/ure is !n cov]$ ) mort> on ! rev]se side4 ,! surface ( ! wall or fire mantel to receive ! tile is also cov]$ ) a lay] ( mort> & ! tile is press$ into ! mort>1 caus+ ! two lay]s 7! "o on ! tile & ! "o on ! wall7 to adh]e to ea* o!r4 ,,to ,,connect ,,tiles ,,onto ,,an ,,old ,,cem5t ,,surface ! foll[+ me?od %\ld be us$3 ,clean ! old cem5t surface well ) a bru% & wat]1 remov+ ! dirt & du/4 ,spr9kle a ?9 lay] ( neat cem5t onto ?is surface :ile ! floor is /ill moi/4 ,"w ?is neat cem5t into ! surface well1 press+ x & work+ x ) a flat tr[el4 ,onto ?is add a lay] ( /rong mixture cem5t into :i* ! tiles are press$4 ,,to ,,f9i% ,a ,,tile ,,floor ! spaces betwe5 ! tiles are fill$ ) cem5t2 a small n>r[ cem5t tr[el or /rip ( metal is pass$ ov] ! /rip to smoo? ! cem5t 9 betwe5 ! tiles4 ,aft] ! fir/ day ! tiles & entire surface %\ld be spr9kl$ ) wat] to insure good h>d5+ ( ! cem5t4 ,,! ,,spaces ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,tiles c v>y 9 wid?1 dep5d+ ^u ! size ( ! tiles4 ,a half-in* space ( cem5t betwe5 six-in* tiles is a good av]age4 ,a tile surface ei!r upright or flat looks bett] ) a lib]al space betwe5 ! tiles ?an :]e too close a connection is attempt$4 ,! tiles also look m int]e/+ if ! cem5t 9 betwe5 is left a little l[] ?an ! surface ( ! tile4 ,a color may be add$ to ! cem5t us$ betwe5 ! tiles1 creat+ a pleas+ contra/ 9 color & values4 ,?is color may be a ?9 coat+ ( color cem5t & ne$ n be us$ ?r\gh\t ! entire cem5t section4 ,,to ,,secure ,a ,,level ,,tile ,,floor ) ! color cem5t tiles1 ! "u lay] ( cem5t into :i* ! tiles are plac$ %\ld n be a wet mixture ( cem5t b a mixture ( cem5t & s& t is a little m moi/ ?an wet s&4 ,! tiles are !n press$ onto ?is lay]1 m ( ! moi/ cem5t be+ press$ "u ! tiles until ! tiles are level ) ea* o!r4 ,to te/ ! level surface a /raight edg$ bo>d is plac$ /raight edge d[nw>d along ! surface4 ,if x rocks on any "p ( ! surface1 t "p %\ld be press$ d[nw>d or l[]$ by ! removal ( "s ( ! cem5t4 ,if p>ts are too l[1 !y w %[ a light op5+ und]nea? ! level+ edge & %\ld be built up4 ,aft] ! tiles are all level1 ! spaces betwe5 are fill$ ) a s(t mixture ( cem5t & f9i%$ smoo?4 ,,tiles ,,= ,,ins]ts ,,9 ,,wall ,,panels c be made 9 ! same way z describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,tiles1 except+ t !y may be made ?9n] to con=m ) ! ?ickness ( ! wood or o!r surface to :i* !y w be add$4 ,:]e ! wood or wall surface is gray$ or ton$ ) a pa9t wa% or t9t1 ! t9t c be c>ri$ ov] ! tile ins]t :i* w help ! unity ( ! tile ) ! wall4 ,,color ,,cem5t ,,tiles ,,= ,,furniture ,,ins]ts c be made 9 colors to h>monize ) ! wood backgr\nd4 ,! surface f9i% giv5 ! wood1 :e!r wax or gray tone1 c be also appli$ to ! tile4 ,! tiles may be appli$ to boxes1 *airbacks1 fl[] /&s s t !y become ! bright spot ( color motif to a design produc$ by ! patt]n ( ! wood1 or a c>v$ or relief enri*m5t on ! surface4 ,,unit ,,tiles ,,= ,,wall ,,surfaces c be made & plann$ s t v>i\s arrangem5ts c be made by us+ ! same motifs or elem5ts4 ,^! elem5ts c be comb9$ into a gr\p t may be ins]t$ into an ov] mantel or into a wall or corridor space4 ,unit tiles admit ( arrang+ a v]tical or a horizontal bord] or ( comb9+ bo? bord]s ea* produc$ ) ! same motifs4 ,,color ,,tile ,,bord]s = pla9 cem5t floors w make an o!rwise pla9 floor a ?+ ( beauty4 ,a s]ies ( tiles = ! bord] c be made & special tiles = ! corn] arrang$4 ,! :ole s]ies c !n be set at ! same "t t ! c5t] pla9 gray or t9t$ portion ( cem5t is spread4 ,,cem5t ,,floor ,,abrasion ,,c ,,be ,,avoid$ by damp5+ ! cem5t z x h>d5s & spray+ wat] onto x regul>ly once or twice a day aft] ! fir/ day = a p]iod ( five to sev5 days4 ,abrasion or p[d]+ ( cem5t floors indoors (t5 occurs because ( prematurely dry+ :5 con/ruct$4 ,:]e walks out-(-doors are b5efit$ by ! dew or moi/ure at night1 inside floors d n receive ?is moi/ure & (t5 dry too rapidly4 ,to rem$y ! abrasion1 or p[d]+ ( cem5t floors1 wa% ! floor ?or\ghly ) clean wat] remov+ all dirt & p>ticles ) a /iff scrub bru%4 ,aft] ! surface has dri$1 apply a solution ( "o "p wat]-glass 7sodium silicate7 ( #dj degrees ,baum & ?ree to five p>ts wat]1 ! wat] dep5d+ ^u ! absorb+ quality ( ! cem5t4 ,?is mixture is appli$ ) a l>ge bru% & %\ld be mix$ well & us$ )9 an h\r4 ,:5 ?is has dri$ mop ! surface ) clean wat] & repeat ! wa% ( wat]-glass ?ree times1 lett+ ! floor dry aft] ea* op]ation4 ,! silicate p5etrates ! pores1 comes 9 contact ) ! o!r alkalies 9 ! concrete1 =m+ an insoluble & v h>d mat]ial1 prev5t+ du/+ & makes a bett] we>+ floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,color ,cem5t ,tiles = ,int]ior ,decoration ,illu/ration3 ,color ,cem5t ,tiles = ! ,fireplace ,illu/ration3 ,tile ,patt]ns = ,wall or ,floor ,illu/ration3 ,! ,unit ,tile & ,application ,illu/ration3 ,cem5t ,tiles & ,woodwork ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #af ,surface ,f9i%es ,illu/ration ,,color ,,cem5t ,,tiles ,,are ,,surface ,,f9i%$ g5]ally aft] !y are dry4 ,z ! tiles or pott]y dry a lime or :ite p[d] dries on ! surface & ! colors appe> to become dull4 ,to br+ out ! colors & remove ?is p[d]1 a s(t clo? or s(t bru% is us$ to bru% or du/ (f ! tile surface ?or\ghly4 ,,an ,,oil ,,rub c be giv5 to ! surface ( ! tile ) raw l9se$ oil on a s(t clo?1 & a brisk rubb+ ( ! clo? w give a s(t dull poli%4 ,?is %\ld be done only on ! ca/ & dull f9i% tiles & n on ! slip-pa9t$ or glaz$ surfaces4 ,a ,,?9 ,,%ellac ,,coat+ may be giv5 a color cem5t tile or pott]y z a prelim9>y to a wax poli% or a gasol9e wa%4 ,:ite cem5t tiles or pott]y are v por\s & a ?9 coat+ ( cle> :ite %ellac w prev5t ov] absorption ( surface color+ if ! %ellac is p]mitt$ to dry ?or\ghly4 ,%ellac %\ld be appli$ aft] ! surface is ?or\ghly dri$ to prev5t a /icky surface4 ,,! ,,gasol9e ,,wa% is made by mix+ :ite oil pa9t 7flake :ite or z9c :ite7 ) black pa9t 7ivory black or lamp black7 until a gray tone is secur$4 ,?is mixture %\ld be made 9 a cup or b[l s t gasol9e c !n be add$ until ! pa9t is almo/ z ?9 z wat]4 ,to ?is mixture gre5 or blue pa9t or o!r color %\ld be add$ until ! "r hue is secur$4 ,?is is !n bru%$ onto ! tile surface & bru%$ well into ! crevices & c\nt]sunk sections z x is important t ! l[ sections be well fill$4 ,aft] ! wa% has dri$ ?or\ghly1 a s(t clo? is us$ to rub (f all ! surplus4 ,?is w leave ! gasol9e wa% rema9+ only 9 ! bottom or l[] portions giv+ a pleas+ f9i%4 ,aft] ?is has dri$ a wax rub may be plac$ ov] x4 ,a ,,wax ,,rub is produc$ by tak+ ei!r wax tan %oe poli% or floor wax & rubb+ x onto ! cem5t ) a s(t clo?4 ,! cem5t %\ld be ?or\ghly dry be=e ! wax is plac$ ^u ! surface4 ,aft] a few m9utes a s(t bru% or wool5 clo? %\ld be us$ to poli% ! wax$ surface4 ,a wax rub c be appli$ ov] a gasol9e wa%1 b only aft] ! wa% has be5 giv5 "t to ?or\ghly dry4 ,if ! gasol9e wa% is n dry1 ! wax w remove x 9 p>ts & de/roy ! effect produc$ by ! gasol9e wa%4 ,a ,,color ,,cem5t ,,surface ,,f9i% is made by mix+ a ?9 mixture ( color & cem5t :i* is !n bru%$ onto ! tile4 ,! tile or surface to be f9i%$ ) cem5t %\ld n be dry or be p]mitt$ to dry aft] x has be5 remov$ f ! mold4 ,previ\s to ! application ( ! cem5t color1 ! tile %\ld be well moi/5$4 ,aft] ! color has dri$ = sev]al h\rs ^u ! surface1 a clo? ball$ or ga!r$ s z to =m a padd$ surface %\ld be us$ to remove ! color f ! high p>ts4 ,a ,,slip ,,surface ,,f9i% is :]e ! tile or surface has be5 complet$ 9 s+le or sev]al colors & :5 h>d5$ suffici5tly 9 wat]1 a ?9 slip ( color cem5t is plac$ ov] ! entire surface & p]mitt$ to settle into ! holl[s1 leav+ ! high] portions to appe> m cle>ly ?r\gh ! color$ slip4 ,if ! surface is a tile1 x %\ld !n be p]mitt$ to h>d5 9 %all[ wat] plac$ 9 a tray ) ! tile plac$ c>efully into x s t ! wat] does n rea* ! color slip portions4 ,if ! object is a vase1 x may be fill$ ) wat] to h>d5 ! out] surface prop]ly4 ,if ! color has be5 us$ z a lay] on ! inside1 ! b[l or vase %\ld be plac$ 9 a pail & wat] p\r$ into ! pail s t ! object is surr\nd$ ) wat]4 ,a weight or bo>d c be plac$ s z to prev5t ! object f float+ if x comm5ces to d s4 ,,color ,,may ,,be ,,spray$ by mix+ a ?9 mixture ( color & cem5t & spray+ x onto ! tile or pott]y surface ) a fixitive bl[] su* z may be obta9$ at arti/s' supply /ores & :i* is us$ by arti/s = spray+ a solution ( %ellac 7t]m$ fixitive7 onto *>coal or p5cil draw+s4 ,! color %\ld be repeat$ly /irr$ to keep x well mix$ & if ! spray] becomes clogg$1 x %\ld be r9s$ 9 wat]4 ,too mu* color %\ld n be spray$ at a "t z x w fail to be absorb$ & run on ! surface1 result+ 9 /reaks4 ,,spatt]$ ,,color ,,= ,,surfaces is secur$ by dipp+ a %ort-hair$ bri/le bru% 7! bri/les are be/ :5 !y are ab\t "o in* long7 into color cem5t & caus+ ! color to spatt] onto ! surface by rubb+ a knife edge or /raight edge ( a /ick along ! bru%4 ,?is w cause ! bri/les to release sudd5ly1 ?r[+ pigm5t 9 ! opposite direction onto ! object4 ,a trial %\ld fir/ be made on pap] surface be=e ! actual surface is us$ to avoid too mu* color1 su* z w\ld come f an ov]*>g$ bru% or too vigor\s rubb+4 ,! surface ( ! object %\ld be moi/ or damp5$ well previ\s to ! spatt]+4 ,,spr9kl$ ,,dry ,,color c be appli$ to surfaces4 ,?is w give a pleas+ effect 9 c]ta9 places :]e an antique or scatt]+ ( dry color w ent] into ! nature ( ! design4 ,! dry pigm5t c be spr9kl$ onto ! surface only :]e ! surface has be5 cov]$ ) a lay] ( o!r color t is /ill moi/4 ,?is is necess>y 9 ord] t ! dry color w absorb suffici5t moi/ure f ! o!r color to amalgamate ) ! fir/ color4 ,,texture ,,surfaces are produc$ by work+ on ! surfaces :ile !y are /ill moi/ or s(t en\gh to admit ! use ( a tool or edge to press or model ! surface4 ,ev5 :5 a surface might h become q h>d x may be tool$ or *ipp$ & a cem5t wa% or gasol9e wa% us$ to give ! tool$ p>ts a unify+ color4 ,,repeat$ ,,surface ,,color+ may be done :]e ! fir/ color+ is n satisfactory4 ,x w be f\nd t a m pleas+ effect is (t5 produc$ by ! second surface color+ be+ plac$ ov] ! fir/4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t s mu* rubb+ does n occur t x we>s p>ts ( ! tile or pott]y surface t are s(t4 ,,surface ,,f9i%es ,,p]mit ,,( ,,exp]im5t+ & ! craftswork] 9 color cem5t mu/ te/ out diff]5t comb9ations 9 ord] to a*ieve ! mo/ desirable quality to respond to p]sonal *oice4 ,a brilliant color wa% w (t5 br+ out ! patt]n 9 pleas+ contra/1 & at o!r times x may be ov] absorb$ & produce a mottl$ undesirable quality4 ,! condition ( ! molds & ! am\nt ( s& 9 ! mixture all influ5ce ! surface ( ! object & 9 turn influ5ce ! result ( ! surface f9i%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,surface ,f9i% = ,cem5t ,h&icraft ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #ag ,decorations 9 ! ,op5 ,illu/ration ,,color ,,z ,,out] ,,ar*itectural ,,decoration 0 mu* us$ on ! build+s ( ,egypt & ,assyria4 ,! w+$ sph]e 9 gold & amb] aga9/ a backgr\nd ( d>k blue 0 commonly us$ on ! out] walls ( ,egyptian build+s & ! processions ( w>riors & anci5t k+s decorat$ ! walls ( ! ,assyrian cities4 ,,! ,,grecians ,,us$ ,,color ,,also & ! beautiful ,p>!non 0 decorat$ ) color & ! re/or$ model 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art 9 ,new ,york %[s _! use ( color ar*itecturally4 ,! great ,acropolis 0 respl5d5t 9 bas-reliefs on ! out] walls 9 color1 gold & silv]4 ,,! ,,romans ,,us$ ,,color ,,out ,,( ,,doors on _! build+s & ! ,etruscans built 9 t]ra cotta color+ ! out] walls ) gorge\s decorations4 ,!y recogniz$ t ar*itecture c\ld be dignifi$ & noble ) prop] use ( color decorations to enri* ! build+ z a :ole4 ,,mural ,,decorations ,,9 ,,! ,,op5 7 us$ by ! ,egyptians1 examples ( :i* rema9 9 our museums today1 & s p]man5t 7 _! colors t ! color s*emes are app>5t ev5 at ?is day ?\s&s ( ye>s aft] _! arti/s appli$ !m4 ,pompeians ) _! h\se-tops mass$ aga9/ _! blue skies 7 prompt$ to use orange-r$ l>gely 9 _! decorations :i* 7 lavi%ly appli$ 9 _! g>d5s & o!r surr\nd+s4 ,,! ,,*9ese ,,us$ ,,colors ,,simil> ,,to ,,! ,,pompeians & _! decorations give brilliant notes to _! build+s creat+ pleas+ effects4 ,! ,*9ese m$ium has be5 "o l>gely ( lacqu] :i* has be5 us$ ov] _! gold & pa9t$ color1 produc+ transp>5t qualities mak+ x difficult to "k :]e ! actual surface beg9s4 ,,color ,,on ,,outside ,,build+ ,,surfaces exi/s on _m ( ! ,italian ca!drals & enri*$ color facades 7 us$ on _m h\ses dur+ ! ,go?ic p]iod ( :i* !re rema9s examples at ,helde%eim & ,nur5b]g & o!r cities4 ,,color ,,9 ,,am]ican ,,ar*itecture ,,is ,,possible ) ! use ( color cem5t & ) c>eful analysis ( ! colors us$ & me?ods ( h>d5+1 ! pati5t work] c accompli% mu* t[>d realiz+ ?is mu* s\ght possibility4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,/ep ,,t[>d ,,successful ,,use ,,( ,,color ,,cem5t 9 ! op5 is to realize t color us$ at all times mu/ be protect$ f dry+ too rapidly4 ,if x does s1 x w dis9tegrate & *alk away gradually4 ,! dry+ ( color cem5t %\ld be ret>d$ z mu* z possible & kept moi/ z long z ! h>d5+ process has n complet$4 ,x is impossible1 ( c\rse1 to apply wat] to ! face ( a work+ surface )\t de/roy+ ! glaze ( ! color1 or ! surface sett+ lay] once ! surface comm5ces to dry4 ,wat] appli$ at ?is "t w cause ! surface to float 9 sections & ru9 ! entire surface4 ,!re=e ! be/ way is to arrange = ! wat] to be absorb$ f ! back & ?is c be done easily :]e ! panel or mural decoration is a sep>ate section to be appli$ to ! build+ surface aft]w>ds4 ,,:]e ,,! ,,mural ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,appli$ ,,to ,,! ,,wall ! surface mu/ be fir/ r\gh5$1 next ?or\ghly damp5$ ) wat]1 !n a lay] ( wet neat cem5t plac$ ^u x4 ,! b$ ( cem5t or s& & cem5t is next appli$ & ! subject !n appli$ onto ?is surface all at "o sitt+4 ,?is is necess>y to avoid any "p dry+1 z x w be impossible to damp5 ! surface = po/pon$ "w4 ,,bett] ,,result ,,on ,,wall ,,decoration is possible :]e ! color cem5t c be appli$ be=e ! wall mass has dri$ out4 ,if ! =ms or bo>d walls c be remov$ be=e ! cem5t has ?or\ghly set1 :atev] color cem5t or cem5t und]lay]s necess>y to ! color surfac+ are plac$ ^u x1 w /& great] *ances ( rema9+ z a p]man5t "p ( ! :ole /ructure4 ,,to ,,proce$ ,,) ,a ,,mural ,,panel a pan ( metal two in*es l>g] ea* way ?an ! panel dim5sions %\ld be made f galvaniz$ %eet metal4 ,?is is to hold ! mural cem5t slab onto :i* ! subject is to be pa9t$4 ,,! ,,cem5t ,,slab ,,is ,,made by surr\nd+ an oil$ surface 7wood or glass7 ) wood5 reta9+ walls simil> to ^? us$ 9 mak+ tiles4 ,^! walls %\ld be oil$ & o!rwise made pro( aga9/ leakage ( wat] z x is necess>y t all wat] 9 ! cem5t be reta9$ to p]fect ! h>d5+4 ,! mixture ( s& & cem5t 7"o "p cem5t & two p>ts s& or gravel7 is next p\r$ into ?is space & p]mitt$ to set = sev]al h\rs4 ,ov] ?is surface a ?9 lay] ( neat cem5t may be spread or dry neat cem5t spr9kl$ ?r\gh a sieve & work$ into ! moi/ surface ) ! flat side ( a palette or o!r knife4 ,,! ,,color ,,is ,,!n ,,appli$ by mix+ up ! colors to be us$ into a pa/e =m & ^! c be appli$ ) a bru% or ) a palette knife %ap+ & =m+ ! subject z if pa9t+ 9 ord9>y colors4 ,if ! color s9ks 9 too rapidly & becomes lo/1 ! "u surface is too wet & ! pa9t+ %\ld be delay$ = sev]al h\rs or until ! color appli$ lays ^u ! surface prop]ly4 ,,! ,,cem5t ,,slab ,,is ,,transf]r$ ,,to ,,! ,,metal ,,tray z soon z x is removable f its surface4 ,9 fact1 a good way is to move ! wood or glass "u support ) ! cem5t slab ^u x & place ! :ole comb9ation into ! tray4 ,if ! sides are well set ! reta9+ walls c be remov$1 & z soon z ! :ole lay] is set en\gh s z n to be dissolv$ by wat]1 wat] is p\r$ 9 ! tray until x comes half-way up ! side ( ! cem5t slab4 ,?is w prev5t ! :ole slab dry+ prematurely z ! wat] w supply all t is ne$$4 ,if ! wat] becomes absorb$ m %\ld be p\r$ 94 ,aft] x has rema9$ 9 ! tray = a week1 x may be )drawn & p]mitt$ to dry gradually4 ,wet clo?s ar\nd x w prev5t too rapid dry+4 ,,:5 ,,work+ ,,^u ,,! ,,surface1 ! surface %\ld be complet$ z ! space is cov]$1 avoid+ return+ to "w ^u any "p aft] x has comm5c$ to set4 ,if ! surface has =m$ a %ell or ?9 lay] & rework+ breaks ?is %ell1 ! color 9 t section w n h>d5 prop]ly4 ,x requires direct1 confid5t h&l+ ( ! subject1 & rework+ ( ! surface su* z ! pa9t] 9 oils is accu/om$ to is n possible ) color cem5t4 ,a ,,:ite ,,cem5t ,,surface c be =m$ ov] a cem5t lay] & :5 ?is is ne>ly dry ?9 wa%es ( color cem5t may be us$ onto ! surface simil> to work+ ) wat] color4 ,! :ite cem5t w absorb ! color easily & p>ts ( ! design may be work$ 9 opaque or solid colors4 ,a ,,d>k ,,work+ ,,backgr\nd may be us$ by mix+ a lay] ( d>k blue1 br[n or gre54 ,a lay] ( black c also be us$4 ,brilliant colors c be bru%$ or dripp$ into ?is s t !y s9k & become a "p ( ! d>k surface )\t be+ 9 relief4 ,a slight %ak+ ( ! surface or ! tray w produce ?is amalgamation ( colors4 ,,wat] ,,%\ld ,,n ,,rea* ,,! ,,color ,,surface until aft] x is entirely dry4 ,to avoid wat] spla%+ onto ! surface f ! tray x is ! be/ policy n to p\r wat] into ! tray be=e ! pa9t+ is complet$ & only :5 ! tray is to be left undi/urb$4 ,,to ,,connect ,,! ,,color ,,cem5t ,,mural ) ! build+ wall1 ! space to receive x %\ld be well moi/5$ & cov]$ ) neat cem5t :i* is well work$ into ! surface4 ,! back ( ! cem5t mural is simil>ly treat$ & ! two cem5t surfaces are press$ toge!r & held 9 position by a brace or support until ?or\ghly dri$4 ,! space or bord] edge ar\nd ! panel %\ld be fill$ 9 ) cem5t at ! same "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,decorations ,pa9t$ ) ,color ,cem5t ,illu/ration3 ,cem5t ,color ,pa9t$ ,decorations ,appli$ ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #ah ,tiles & ,pott]y ) ,color ,magnesite ,cem5t ,"w ,illu/ration ,,magnesite ,,cem5t ,,"w is a mixture m$ium produc+ a h>d m>ble-l quality & does n conta9 any ,portl& cem5t1 b is giv5 9 ?is book 9 ord] to complete ! possible pla/ic m$iums = ! work] wi%+ to mold objects ) p]man5t durable m$iums4 ,,magnesite ,,cem5t ,,is ,a ,,successful ,,indu/rial ,,mat]ial & is us$ by build]s 9 int]ior trimm+s = floor tiles1 9 mak+ ( ba?-room surfaces & rec5tly us$ 9 coat+ /airways & hallways1 produc+ a pleas+ texture & durable surface4 ,! mat]ial is firepro(1 cleanly & bett] ?an m>ble4 ,,magnesite ,,is ,a ,,=m ,,( ,,lime/one & is a c>bonate ( magnesia :i* is produc$ by burn+ until all gases h be5 elim9at$1 leav+ only ! oxide 9 ! =m ( a pure :ite p[d]4 ,x comes f ,europe & is f\nd 9 ,m>yl&1 ,massa*usetts1 ,new ,york1 ,v]mont1 ,cali=nia1 & ,wa%+ton4 ,x has be5 us$ ext5sively 9 ,europe & :5 bett] kn[n w be us$ m g5]ally 9 ,am]ica4 ,,magnesite ,,cem5t ,,z ,,an ,,enamel has be5 us$ z a h>d5+ surface on concrete & cem5t surfaces & also on clay brick4 ,! concrete or cem5t or brick surfaces %\ld be ?or\ghly moi/5$ be=e ! magnesite mixture is plac$ ^u x to avoid ! moi/ure f ! magnesite be+ absorb$ & improp]ly dry+4 ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,produc+ ,,magnesite are calc9$ p[d]$ magnesite1 *loride ( magnesia1 sulphate ( magnesia1 :ite s&1 :ite talc & f9e sawdu/4 ,! magnesite %\ld be kept 9 a conta9]1 pro( aga9/ exposure to air & dampness1 9 ord] to pres]ve its full sett+ qualities4 ,*loride ( magnesia has ! appe>ance ( ice or alum & :5 expos$ has ! t5d5cy to dissolve b does n det]iorate4 ,x is ! *emical :i* :5 unit$ ) ! magnesite produces ! b9d+ or cem5t qualities4 ,sulphate ( magnesia or epsom salts is an easily secur$ mat]ial & is us$ 9 v small quantities 9 ! =mulae = produc+ magnesite cem5t & :i* is giv5 lat] 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! :ite talc or soap/one us$ = giv+ a smoo? & poli%$ :ite backgr\nd is us$ z a fill]4 ,:ite s& & ! f9e sawdu/ %\ld be absolutely clean & are mix$ ) ! o!r +r$i5ts to produce ! composite mixture to produce ,magnesite ,cem5t4 ,,to ,,comb9e ,,! ,,+r$i5ts proce$ z foll[s3 ,,fir/ ,,mixture4 ,two & "o-half p\nds ( p[d]$ magnesite & "o p\nd ( :ite talc are mix$ ?or\ghly ) "o qu>t ( f9e sawdu/4 ,to ?is m9]al1 dry color simil> to t us$ & describ$ = color cem5t %\ld be add$ if a color tone is desir$4 ,ab\t "o-half z mu* color %\ld be us$ z !re is magnesite4 ,9 o!r words1 "o p\nd ( color %\ld be us$ ) two & a half p\nds ( p[d]$ magnesite4 ,a /one mort> %\ld be us$ to gr9d ! entire mixture well toge!r4 ,?is fir/ comb9ation is a dry mixture & is !n mix$ ) ! second mixture :i* is liquid4 ,,second ,,mixture4 ,take five p>ts by weight ( *loride ( magnesia solution ) a d5sity ( #be te/$ ) a ,baum hydromet] :i* is a simple glass tube secur$ at any druggi/ = regi/]+ solutions4 ,to ! *loride ( magnesia solution add "o-half "p by weight ( sulphate ( magnesia :i* is epsom salts & te/ ) ! hydromet] until x records #ae4 ,,to ,,use ,,! ,,hydromet]1 place wat] 9 a conta9] & if ! hydromet] is plac$ 9 x1 x w regi/] 8#j0 & :5 ! *loride is plac$ 9 x1 & dissolves ! hydromet] w comm5ce regi/]+ ! d5sity ( ! solution4 ,:5 x records #be no m *emical %\ld be add$4 ,m wat] %\ld be add$ to correct ! d5sity if ne$$4 ,! same proc$ure is foll[$ = regi/]+ ! #ae = ! epsom salts4 ,*loride ( magnesia w dissolve m rapidly if x is brok5 up1 & di/ill$ wat] may be us$ if ! usual available wat] conta9s lime1 iron or o!r injuri\s m9]als4 ,"s work]s use ra9 wat] = _m purposes4 ,,! ,,f9al ,,mixture1 or ?ird /ep 9 ! mix+1 is to take ! fir/ dry mixture & add en\gh ( ! second liquid comb9ation to produce a ?ick creamy mixture ( ! two4 ,/ra9 ?is aft] x has be5 well mix$4 ,,to ,,produce ,,tiles ,,or ,,o!r ,,objects1 ,,! ,,mat]ial is quickly p\r$ into ! molds4 ,a bru% may be us$ = bru%+ ! mat]ial well into ! edges & corn]s4 ,a g5tle j>r+ ( ! mold w remove ! air bubbles & ! molds ) ! magnesite is p]mitt$ to dry = sev5 to t5 h\rs be=e ! ca/ is remov$ f ! mold4 ,,= ,,v>i\s ,,colors 9 ! same design1 ! dry mixture c be mix$ ) color & ! liquid1 or second mixture1 add$ to x4 ,?is c be appli$ to ! mold 9 ! same way z ! color 0 us$ ) cem5t1 & aft] x has set1 c be back$ ) a g5]al color ( magnesite cem5t or ) pla9 magnesite mixture4 ,,to ,,f9i% ,,magnesite let x rema9 dry+ = two or ?ree days aft] :i* x c be wa%$ ) slightly w>m$ wat] to remove ! ?9 scum on ! surface4 ,a ?9 coat+ ( beeswax or floor wax well poli%$ w f9i% ! article4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mak+ ( ,magnesite ,cem5t ,illu/ration3 ,magnesite ,objects ,ca/ f ,molds ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #ai ,color ,cem5t ,projects = ! ,s*oolroom ,illu/ration ,,cem5t ,,tiles simple 9 =m may be made 9 any grade :]e tiles are made 9 clay or ! model+ waxes4 ,_m times clay is us$ 9 mak+ tiles & ! color+ is done ) color$ *alks or pa9ts4 ,^! c be b tempor>y 9 effect & are brok5 easily1 be+ impractical = use4 ,! *ild's int]e/ w be mu* great] :]e he kn[s t ) cem5t ! results w be durable z well z to "k t he is work+ ) ! same mat]ials t ! 8gr[n-ups0 use4 ,,comm5c+ ,,) ,,small ,,tiles ,,is ,,! ,,be/ ,,plan4 ,h ! class plan f nature a rosette design = a two-in* tile4 ,an excell5t way to secure int]e/+ patt]ns is to fold a two-in* squ>e pap] into f\r folds & cut a design 9 ! f\r folds4 ,op5+ out ^! folds w (t5 reveal a v int]e/+ design4 ,:5 ! /ud5t has complet$ ! design1 x c be trac$ ) a p5cil onto a flat lay] ( model+ wax1 & a p5cil1 /ick or nail us$ to cut away portions ( ! design4 ,! patt]n design$ may be ! "p tak5 out or ! backgr\nd may be ! "p to be remov$4 ,9 ei!r case ! "p remov$ %\ld be scrap$ out ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* deep & ! sides %\ld n slope 9 b r outw>d4 ,if ! design is to be simply produc$ by incis$ l9es only 7& *>m+ results c be ?us secur$71 ! /ick1 nail or in/rum5t us$ %\ld be %>p5$ s t x scrapes a groove 9 ! clay t rema9s wide/ at ! surface4 ,! design be+ complet$ 9 ! clay or wax1 a few /rips ( ?ick c>dbo>d or heavy oil$ pap] is cut s z to project above ! clay or wax tile4 ,?is projection mu/ equal ! ?ickness ( ! mold to be made 9 pla/]-(-,p>is4 ,^! /rips may !n be plac$ up aga9/ ! tile s z to surr\nd x1 & are to be reta9$ 9 position ) nails or p9s or heavy objects4 ,:5 ! pupils h all rea*$ ?is /age ( ! tile1 ! tea*] !n may mix up ! pla/] & p\r x into ! molds1 illu/rat+ ! correct me?od = ! /ud5ts to aft]w>ds foll[4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,pla/] ,,tile ,,is ,,releas$1 x is bru%$ well ) oil & aga9 surr\nd$ ) ! /rips ( pap]4 ,cem5t ) any desir$ color add$ to x is !n p\r$ 9 & aft] two or ?ree days ! complet$ tile c be remov$4 ,to secure color effects x is only necess>y = ! tea*] to mix two colors ( cem5t suffici5t = ! /ud5t's use4 ,! /ud5t !n places a ?9 lay] ( ! color on ! pla/] mold1 keep+ x )9 a c]ta9 portion ( ! design4 ,! second color is plac$ on ! spaces left1 & aft] ! color has set = a %ort "t x is back$ ) ord9>y neat cem5t & ! :ole tile p]mitt$ to dry sev]al days4 ,,tiles ,,) ,,! ,,design ,,9 ,a ,,relief ,,l9e c be made z foll[s3 ,! tea*] %\ld h previ\sly made a numb] ( pla/] tiles ) a smoo? surface4 ,^! c be easily made by fl[+ ! pla/] onto glass or o!r h>d1 smoo? surface1 ! pla/] be+ reta9$ betwe5 two /rips ( wood #d #d in*es4 ,cutt+ ^! b>s ( pla/] into squ>es1 "o is giv5 to ea* /ud5t4 ,a simple design is made on pap] fir/ & trac$ onto ! pla/] tile4 ,a nail or h>d p5cil is !n us$ to incise ! design 9 ! pla/]1 aft] :i* x is bru%$ well ) oil & surr\nd$ ) c>dbo>d /rips & cem5t p\r$ into x4 ,?is w result 9 a tile ) ! design 9 relief4 ,)9 ^! relief l9es cem5t ) color add$ to x may be plac$ & ! tiles plac$ 9 a tray ( wat] ) ! wat] com+ half-way up ! side ( ! tile4 ,! tile w be h>d en\gh to remove 9 five days4 ,,simple ,,r\nd ,,pap] ,,weights & tiles t are n squ>e c be made by ! same me?od4 ,a little +5uity 9 arrang+ ! reta9+ c>dbo>d /rips ar\nd ! pla/] or wax model w solve ! produc+ ( irregul> =ms4 ,,fl[] ,,& ,,plant ,,hold]s1 ,,fi% ,,ponds1 ,,& ,,book ,,supports c be made by us+ ! tiles z ! pr9ciple "p4 ,take f\r tiles t h n be5 p]mitt$ to dry & place !m face aga9/ ! inside wall ( a r\gh box =m )\t ! bottom1 ! size ( ! box to con=m to ! tiles4 ,p\r ab\t an in* ( cem5t into ! bottom ( ! box to =m a bottom4 ,:5 ?is has p>tly set1 place /rips ( wood across ! inside cov]s to hold ! cem5t :i* is !n p\r$ 9 s z to connect ! tiles :]e ! corn]s meet4 ,! cem5t %\ld be p\r$ also into ! outside corn] spaces4 ,aft] ! complete =m has dri$ = a day1 p\r wat] inside & let x rema9 = ?ree days or m4 ,release & trim corn]s & inside z desir$4 ,a ?9 mixture ( color$ cem5t plac$ inside & !n p\r$ out w give an inside l9+1 produc+ a f9i%$ effect4 ,,s& ,,box ,,animals ,,& ,,toys c be made 9 a v durable =m by ! use ( cem5t4 ,! me?od to foll[ 9 class %\ld be z foll[s3 ,h ! pupils outl9e an animal 9 simple =m on pap]4 ,no intricate or small details %\ld be attempt$ 9 ?is outl9e & ! feet or l[] portions ( ! animal mu/ be plann$ s t x w /& up easily4 ,aft] ! outl9e is made !n secure ?9 /rips ( t9 or o!r %eet metal & h ! pupils b5d x ) _! f+]s & ) ! use ( a rul] to con=m to ! outl9e4 ,! metal %\ld be ab\t two in*es wide4 ,! outl9e ne$ n be made entirely ( "o piece ( metal b p]haps ( sev]al4 ,:5 ! outl9e is complet$ 9 metal1 x %\ld con=m fairly closely to ! outl9e on ! pap]4 ,?is metal rim is !n press$ slightly into wax or clay1 or x may be plac$ on glass or on an oil$ c>d4 ,if clay is us$1 ! eyes1 w+s1 or o!r p>ts may be incis$ 9 ! clay )9 ! metal rim4 ,a "o-in* lay] ( cem5t is !n p\r$ 9 ! metal rim1 & aft] sev]al days1 ! metal rim is remov$ & ! cem5t ar\nd x is ev5$ :]e necess>y & color$ if desir$4 ,by mak+ ! feet ( birds or animals fir/1 comb9+ wire legs ) !m1 ! body c !n be ca/1 comb9+ ! body & ! legs ?r\gh ! wire connection4 ,,mosaic ,,cem5t ,,tiles c be easily produc$ z foll[s3 ,secure a numb] ( ! small mosaic /one squ>es us$ by masons & tile sett]s = inlay+ floors4 ,^! come 9 _m colors & diff]5t geometric =ms4 ,plan a f\r-in* tea tile arrang+ a design ) ! use ( two or ?ree diff]5t colors ( mosaics4 ,:5 ! arrangem5t or design is decid$ ^u1 ! mosaics %\ld be glu$ face d[nw>d to a piece ( c>dbo>d or glass4 ,if glass is us$1 x %\ld be bru%$ ) oil aft] ! mosaics h be5 glu$ into position & be=e ! cem5t is p\r$4 ,:]e glass is us$ ! design arrangem5t on pap] c be slipp$ und]nea? ! glass to %[ ! location & correct position = glu+ ! mosaics onto ! glass surface4 ,! mosaic patt]n is !n surr\nd$ ) reta9+ b>s or slips ( wood or surr\nd$ ) metal & ! cem5t p\r$ ov] ! mosaics until ! "r ?ickness is secur$4 ,x is !n left = sev]al days to dry1 aft] :i* x is remov$ f ! glass or ! c>dbo>d is peel$ away f ! cem5t surface4 ,! tile is !n f9i%$ aft] be+ plac$ 9 wat] = a week to h>d54 ,glue a piece ( s(t lea!r or felt on ! bottom :5 ! cem5t has ?or\ghly dri$4 ,,cem5t ,,boxes ,,& ,,book ,,supports c be made by ! use ( mosaics1 glu+ !m onto sections ( bo>ds & !n assembl+ ! bo>ds & ty+ !m s t !y w hold ! cem5t t is p\r$ 9 to f9i% ! object4 ,:]e cem5t is remov$ f ! mold be=e x has ?or\ghly h>d5$1 x c be %ap$ ) a knife1 & mosaic book supports or boxes made 9 g5]al =m c be %ap$ easily ?is way4 ,,vases ,,& ,,b[ls z a problem = ! s*oolroom c be simplifi$ if ! tea*] produces previ\sly sev]al vase molds s t ! pupils c make _! ca/s 9 individually select$ colors1 aft] :i* !y c scrape or slip pa9t ! %apes z !y are remov$ f ! molds4 ,,! ,,possibilities ,,( ,,color ,,cem5t = s*oolroom appli$ arts are _m & ! int]e/$ tea*] c arrange work+ equipm5t & me?ods ( pres5tation accord+ to space & class size4 ,"o +5i\s tea*] plac$ build+ pap] on ! floor ( a s*oolroom corn] section1 cov]$ sev]al old tables ) oil-clo? & secur$ excell5t results ) h] class room problems by p]mitt+ a small gr\p ( /ud5ts to "w at a "t on acc\nt ( ! limit$ equipm5t4 ,ano!r tea*] _h h] /ud5ts design & make tiles = a new s*ool build+ & today !y are us$ z "p ( ! enri*m5t ( ! s*ool4 ,?is correlation ( ! /ud5t's "w ) e day utility is "o ( ! attractions ( color cem5t = ! s*ool /ud5t1 & innum]able practical applications c be f\nd = color cem5t4 ,! v>i\s problems = :i* directions h be5 giv5 9 ! *apt]s ( ?is book c be arrang$ 9 m or less simple =m = ! v>i\s s*ool classes2 & z a vocational subject x comb9es design ) con/ruction 9 a s5sible proportion4 ,illu/ration3 ,s*oolroom ,projects 9 ,cem5t ,illu/ration3 ,a ,tile 9 ,cem5t ,made 9 ! ,gramm> ,grades ,illu/ration3 ,a ,tile ,made 9 ! ,int]m$iate ,grades ,illu/ration3 ,color ,cem5t ,tiles & ,pott]y ,made by ! ,/ud5ts ( a ,high ,s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,problems 9 ,cem5t by ,/ud5ts ( an ,art ,s*ool4 #a to #c are ,elem5t>y ,problems4 #d to #ac are ,second>y ,problems4 #ad is a ,palette ,knife ,pa9t+ 9 ,color$ ,cem5t4 #ae is a ,fi% ,b[l & ,sun-,dial ,made 9 ,cem5t by ! ,use ( a ,glue ,mold4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] #bj ,design+ = ,tiles & ,pott]y ,illu/ration ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,patt]n ,,design are important = ! craftsman to be famili> )1 = ! reason t x gives po9ts ) :i* to 8*eck up0 draw+s be=e !y are appli$1 z well z to p]mit great] facility 9 design+4 ,,_m ,,design ,,well )\t hav+ le>n$ ! !ories ( design1 hav+ a natural s5se ( good arrangem5t ( details & spaces4 ,h[ev]1 natural design]s1 z well z ^? :o d n f9d x easy1 w pr(it by becom+ well gr\nd$ 9 ! design pr9ciples4 ,,natural ,,=ms af=d excell5t examples ( pr9ciples1 giv+ beauty 9 l9e1 =m & color2 & ! m ! design] ref]s to nature = ^! ev] occurr+ l9es ( grace & beauty1 ! great] w be 8 developm5t z a design]4 ,,su* ,,/udy ,,f ,,nature %\ld be intellig5tly pursu$4 ,to /udy nature = design motifs does n mean t 8photographic0 arrangem5t or life-l sprays %\ld be appli$ onto surfaces4 ,! mo/ deplorable =ms appli$ to pott]y or o!r h&icrafts are ^? t h be5 made ) no ?\ght ( ! surface influ5ce ^u ! patt]n design$4 ,! design] %\ld ref] to nature only z a ref]5ce f :i* inspiration is receiv$ = motifs to be us$4 ,9 e in/ance ! =ms 9 nature %\ld be int]pret$ into design & s transpos$ t !y beautify ! surface irrespective to resemblance to ! natural s\rce4 ,nature uses patt]ns 9 all h] k+doms correctly4 ,! patt]ns on petals & leaves1 ! patt]n on bird plumage & animal sk9s1 z well z nature's designs on m9]als are all beautifully arrang$ to con=m to ! cont\rs ( ! surface4 ,x w\ld h be5 j z easy = ! ,great ,creator to produce =get-me-nots & violets 9 natural spl5dor ^u ! leop>d1 b ! r+$ spots v>y+ & conv]g+ to ! li!1 graceful l9es ( ! surface )\t any appe>ance ( be+ 9 relief ^u ! sk9 are mu* m beautiful4 ,^? :o /ate t 8,nature _c be improv$ ^u0 z an excuse = natural repres5tation 9 design+ are ov]look+ nature's real poetic opportunities to ! design]4 ,no true arti/ or design] ev] hopes to actually repres5t nature4 ,x is impossible4 ,! be/ t c be done is ea* individual arti/'s int]pretation ( nature =ms f\nd$ ^u gov]n+ pr9ciples4 ,^! pr9ciples h be5 te/$ by c5turies ( scrut9y & all beautiful =ms ( hi/oric ornam5t are gov]n$ by pr9ciples :i*1 z has be5 /at$1 orig9at$ 9 nature's design =ms4 ,,radiation1 ,,symmetry1 ,,unity1 ,,subord9ation1 ,,measure1 ,,etc41 are all pr9ciples ( importance1 b ! ?ree t are ( great value to ! craftsman are ,measure1 ,balance & ,unity4 ,,^! ,,?ree ,,pr9ciples c be us$ to te/ ! l9e1 =m & color ( ! design be=e x is appli$4 ,,measure is ! pr9ciple t requires a consi/5t v>y+ ( areas1 l9e directions or colors4 ,measure creates int]e/4 ,x does n mean t l>ge & small p>ts are to be design$ )\t any fur!r consid]ation4 ,!re mu/ be a "r proportion ( "o to ! o!r & balanc$ z reg>ds _! location4 ,measure w control ! cont\rs or =ms ( vases & motifs = if ! wide/ "p ( ! =m comes above or bel[ c5t] ( ! axis1 x w be m int]e/+ ?an if locat$ 9 ! c5t]4 ,! work+ plate illu/rates ?is4 ,,balance is ! pr9ciple :i* creates h>mony by contra/+ measures4 ,if we h a heavy spot on "o side ( a design1 ! eye requires satisfaction by see+ ano!r spot or sev]al p>ts equal 9 weight to ! l>ge spot on ! opposite side ( ! design4 ,balance is also secur$ by locat+ a unit or design spot 9 ! prop] location ( a space1 )\t necess>ily hav+ a second opposite spot4 ,nev]!less1 x is balance 9 relation to its backgr\nd4 ,balance may be secur$ by ,symmetry1 mak+ p>ts l-sid$ or balance may be secur$ by equal am\nts ( =m on two sides ( an axis1 ev5 ?\gh n symmetrically plac$4 7,see work+ plate47 ,balance 9 color requires t if a color is us$ 9 a s+le spot t its location be pleas+ly balanc$ )9 ! space decorat$4 ,:]e a color is to be us$ 9 sev]al places 9 ! design1 ^! diff]5t spots %\ld balance ea* o!r4 ,,unity is ! pr9ciple :i* br+s h>mony into design by simil>ity ( p>ts1 by keep+ l9es ( a design p>allel to ! space outl9e )9 :i* !y are design$4 ,aga9 ! ma9 l9es ( a design if radiat+ f a po9t or axis )9 or )\t ! design space produces unity4 ,unity is produc$ by h>moni\s values & by h>moni\s color4 ,a ,,design ,,)\t ,,unity may be "o :]e ! p>ts are too v>i$ 9 =m1 :]e !y d n p]ta9 or gr\p ) ea* o!r1 b appe> 8explosive40 ,diff]5t f9i%es to ! motifs 9 a design de/roy unity4 ,avoid mix+ naturali/ic or conv5tional & geometrical motifs 9 ! same design1 & us+ l9es or =ms :i* are n pleas+ 9 direction1 or h>moni\s ) ! space 9 :i* !y are plac$4 ,,unity requires t all p>ts ( a design be ( simil> expression4 ,to h "o "p ( a design bas$ ^u a poppy or bird ) a section drawn naturali/ic & ano!r "p conv5tionaliz$ & possibly a ?ird section 9 geometric arrangem5t is to produce disord] or dissimil>ity1 & yet su* fault is app>5t 9 a l>ge proportion ( designs4 ,,all ,,design ,,=ms ,,c ,,be ,,divid$ ,,into ,,f\r ,,divisions & ^! divisions c be def9$ z ,naturali/ic1 ,conv5tional1 ,geometric1 & ,ab/ract4 ,if any design motif = a tile or any application is />t$ 9 a ,naturali/ic mann]1 !n all p>ts %\ld be express$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,,! ,,naturali/ic ,,division ,,( ,,design is :]e natural =ms & gr[? arrangem5ts are plann$ or design$ )9 a giv5 or arbitr>y space4 ,! decorative arrangem5t comes f c>efully plann+ ! subject s t x composes 9 a pleas+ way )9 ! space4 ,! ,japanese designs are good examples ( ?is k9d ( decoration4 ,x w be f\nd t c>eful att5tion is giv5 to ! backgr\nd spaces z well z to ! p>ts ( ! subject be+ drawn4 ,/rong outl9es1 d\ble outl9es & individual te*niques or r5d]+s fur!r increase ! decorative quality ( a naturali/ic design4 ,,! ,,conv5tional ,,division ,,( ,,design is :]e a typical =m f a nature gr[? is tak5 & repeat$ 9 regul> repetition1 or a g5]al %ape =m$ f a plant =m & us$ to int]pret ! subject4 ,= in/ance1 a fl[] ) sev]al petals w h ea* petal diff]5t 9 cont\r1 b 9 conv5tional design1 "o %ape is *os5 & ?is %ape is repeat$4 ,:ile no two leaves are alike on ! plant1 "o or two conv5tionaliz$ %apes are det]m9$ & ^! %apes are !n us$ ?r\gh\t ! design4 ,! ve9s & /ems ( ! fl[]s may be elaborat$ or ! leaves may h _! c5t]s design$ or 8inhabit$0 s t add$ int]e/ may be creat$ 9 ! subject4 ,,! ,,geometrical ,,division ,,( ,,design is :5 ! subject is design$ entirely ) triangul>1 rectangul>1 squ>e1 oval1 elliptical1 or circul> %apes1 or :]e ! outl9es foll[ /raight l9es :i* may g at "r angles to ea* o!r or 9 oblique directions4 ,su* /raight l9e designs are te*nically requir$ = rug or textile designs & due to ! rugg$ness & /r5g? or int]e/ a*iev$ ?r\gh a /raight l9e r5d]+ are (t5 adapt$ = decorat+ _m o!r =ms ( appli$ art4 ,,! ,,ab/ract ,,division ,,( ,,design is repres5t$ by t =m ( design :i* may h little direct repres5tation ( ! natural =ms1 b has be5 develop$ f x4 ,we f9d t ! wave bord] ( ! ,egyptians & ! ,greek fret are ab/ract designs ( ! wat]4 ,! ,p]uvian ,inca1 ! ,aztec & ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian us$ ab/ract designs ( ! bird & o!r nature =ms 9 _! textiles & pott]y4 ,! ab/ract design requires a c>eful arrangem5t ( l9e & =m spaces1 dep5d+ z x does on good design = int]e/ r ?an its id5tity to nature =ms4 ,,l9e ,,unity is t pr9ciple :i* appeals to ! eye by ! relation ( l9es 9 ! design to ! space decorat$4 ,curv$ l9es = curv$ =ms & /raight l9es 9 ! designs decorat+ /raight l9$ =ms w d mu* t[>d mak+ all p>ts consi/5t4 ,a l9e n too curv$ & ) a bl5d+ ( /raight l9es ) ! curv$ direction produces a l9e ( "* & /r5g? = design r5d]+4 ,a ,,te/ ,,( ,,good ,,design is to see if ! ma9 l9es or 8frame l9es0 are pleas+ 9 direction1 decorat+ ! space1 :e!r any m details are add$ or n4 ,no am\nt ( fill+ 9 & add+ ( motifs w p]fect an imp]fect beg9n+4 ,,block+ ,,9 ( g5]al =ms is consid]$ ess5tial 9 freeh& draw+ & x _c be disc>d$ 9 design+4 ,fir/ plan ! ma9 l9es ( gr[? ( ! design4 ,!n block 9 ! masses or motifs to be us$4 ,! details & connections z well z ! te*nique ( ! design w !n be a simple matt] to solve4 ,,! ,,greate/ ,,enjoym5t to ! craftsman 9 any l9e ( endeavor lies only ?r\gh work+ out ( ,good ,design4 ,,:5 ,,model+ ,,= ,,color ,,cem5t ,,h&icraft or = any appli$ art x w be f\nd t ?ree =ms t are lea/ model$ w be mo/ pleas+ 9 ! ye>s ( usage4 ,high relief is n ref9$ or des]vable 9 appli$ model+4 ,sculptors ev]y:]e are /udy+ & return+ to ! *a/e1 quiet =ms ( flat bas-reliefs ( :i* we f9d excell5t examples among ! e>ly "w ( ! ,egyptians1 ,byzant9es1 ! e>ly ,indian & ,*9ese c>v+s1 z well z ! "w ( ! ,aztecs & ,maya ,indians ( e>ly ,am]ica4 ,a few examples ( ^! types are %[n & work]s 9 color cem5t w f9d ultimately t !y h *os5 a good influ5ce if !y w "w _! projects 9 color cem5t h&icraft 9 ?is mann]4 ,high project+ p>ts & naturali/ic repres5tation ( fl[] or foliage masses are nei!r pleas+ nor arti/ic & a visit by anyone to ! good museums w fail to f9d any su* productions f ! art ages ( ! pa/ record$ z good examples ( ! era4 ,keep all p>ts appli$ to ! curv$ or flat surface ( ! b[l1 vase1 box or tile s t x appe>s to h be5 always a "p ( x r ?an an aft]?\ght & deta*able 9 relation4 ,illu/ration3 ,helpful ,design ,pr9ciples = ,color ,cem5t ,"w ,illu/ration3 ,outl9e ,patt]ns = ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft ,illu/ration3 ,tone ,patt]ns = ,color ,cem5t ,h&icraft ,illu/ration3 ,egyptian1 ,roman & ,aztec ,relief ,decorations ,typographical errors correct$ by ! etext transcrib]3 te/$ ) a ,beaume te/$ ) a ,baum pg #age #dj degrees ,baume #dj degrees ,baum pg #aec