,note3 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive_/,am]ican ,libr>ies4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/ourb5evol 5tfeu#jj;gh5ri* ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,an additional ,transcrib]'s note is at ! end4 ,,our ,,b5evol5t ,,feudalism ,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s logo ,,our ,,b5evol5t ,,feudalism by ,w4 ,j4 ,,gh5t ,new ,york ,! ,macmillan ,company ,london3 ,macmillan ,co41 ,ltd4 #aijb ,all rights res]v$ ,copyright1 #aijb1 ,by ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,set up & electrotyp$ ,octob]1 #aijb4 ,norwood ,press ,j4 ,s4 ,cu%+ ,co4--,b]wick ,smi? ,norwood ,mass4 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,preface ,! g]m ( ?is book 0 conta9$ 9 an article publi%$ 9 ! ,indep5d5t1 ,april #c1 #aijb4 ,! wide int]e/ :i* t article awak5$ prompt$ ! elaboration & arrangem5t ( its briefly consid]$ & some:at disjo9t$ p>ts into ! pres5t =m4 ,! *apt]s on 8,our ,mak]s ( ,law0 & 8,our ,int]pret]s ( ,law0 h be5 c>efully read by a memb] ( ! ,new ,york ,b> :o has made a special /udy ( ! matt]s treat$ !re94 ,"s ( ! decisions cit$ 9 ! latt] *apt] are admitt$ to be ^? ( subord9ate c\rts 9 comp>atively unimportant ,/ates4 ,! int5tion1 h[ev]1 0 to give a g5]al view ( judicial int]pretation2 & = t reason x became necess>y to cite decisions ( inf]ior z well z sup]ior c\rts1 & ^? f semi-indu/rial z well z indu/rial ,/ates4 ,z ! book goes to press1 ! news is publi%$ t ! an?racite magnates h yield$ & made concessions to public s5tim5t4 ,x is an act 9 h>mony ) ! wis] =e?\ght ( mo/ ( ! magnates ( to-day1 & x /r5g!ns ! g5]al seigniorial position immeasurably4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface v ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,utopias ,,& ,,o!r ,,=eca/s #a ,,ii4 ,,comb9ation ,,& ,,coalesc5ce #aa ,,iii4 ,,our ,,magnates #bg ,,iv4 ,,our ,,f>m]s ,,& ,,wage-,,e>n]s #dg ,v4 ,,our ,,mak]s ,,( ,,law #hc ,,vi4 ,,our ,,int]pret]s ,,( ,,law #ajb ,,vii4 ,,our ,,m\ld]s ,,( ,,op9ion #abb ,,viii4 ,,g5]al ,,social ,,*anges #aed ,,ix4 ,,transition ,,& ,,fulfilm5t #ahj ,,index #aii ,,*apt] ,i ,,utopias ,,& ,,o!r ,,=eca/s 8,! old ord] *ange?1 yield+ place to new40 ,b :at ! new ord] %all be is a matt] ( "s div]sity ( op9ion4 ,:oev]1 bless$ ) hope1 speculates ^u ! future ( society1 t5ds to imag9e x 9 ! =m ( 8 social ideals4 ,x matt]s little :at ! curr5t probabilities may be--! /rong influ5ce ( ! ideal w>ps ! judgm5t4 ,to ,?omas ,m1 ?\gh mo/ t5d5cies ( 8 "t made = absolutism1 ! future 0 republican & communi/ic2 & to ,francis ,bacon ! pres5t held ! promise ( a new ,atlantis1 despite ! gr[+ arrogance ( ! ,cr[n & ! submissiv5ess ( ! p4 ,! great div]sity ( social ideals produces a l div]sity ( social =eca/s4 ,all ! soo?say]s give diff]5t read+s ( ! signs4 ,ev5 ^? ( ! same s*ool1 :o build ! future 9 ! light ( ! same dogmas1 diff] 9 reg>d to p>ticul>s ( =m & /ructure4 ,h[ _m =eca/s ( "o sort or ano!r h be5 giv5 u1 x is impossible to say4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells1 9 a footnote to 8 8,anticipations10 compla9s ( _! sc>city4 8,( q s]i\s =eca/s & inductions ( ?+s to come10 he says1 8! numb] is v small inde$2 a sugge/ion or s ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s1 ,mr4 ,kidd's #8,social ,evolution1' "s h9ts f ,mr4 ,ar*dall ,reid1 "s political =eca/s1 ,g]man = ! mo/ "p 7,h>tmann's #8,e>? 9 ! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury1' e4g471 "s incid5tal =eca/s by ,pr(essor ,langley 7,c5tury ,magaz9e1 ,decemb]1 #ahhd1 e4g471 & su* isolat$ computations z ,pr(essor ,crookes's :eat w>n+ & ! v>i\s e/imates ( our coal supply1 make almo/ a complete bibliography40 ,b surely ! ,utopians1 f ,plato to ,edw>d ,bellamy1 h giv5 u 8q s]i\s =eca/s02 !re is some?+ ( s]i\s prophecy 9 bo? ,k>l ,m>x & ,fri$ri* ,engels1 mu* m 9 ,tol/oi & ,pet] ,kropotk92 & ! 8,fabian ,essays0 are *>g$ ) x4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,d4 ,lloyd's 8,weal? aga9/ ,commonweal?0 closes ) a brilliant & eloqu5t picture ( a reg5]at$ society1 & ,mr4 ,edmond ,kelly's 8,individualism & ,collectivism0 is 9 l>ge "p prophetic4 ,all ! social re=m]s :o write books or articles give u engag+ pictures ( ?+s z !y are to be2 & ?\gh ! ,philosophical ,an>*i/s deal r m l>gely ) polemics ?an ) prophecy1 ! ,sociali/s are conspicu\sly def9ite & s]i\s 9 _! =eca/s4 ,ev5 ! popul> sci5ti/s--! a/ronom]s1 biologi/s1 & an?ropologi/s--(t5 run into pr$iction2 & 9 ! pages ( ,ri*>d ,a4 ,proctor1 ,e4 ,d4 ,cope1 & ,grant ,all51 & ( su* liv+ m5 z ,m4 ,camille ,flamm>ion1 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,russell ,wallace1 & ,pr(essor ,w4 ,j4 ,mc,gee1 we h frequ5t depictions ( c]ta9 phases ( ! future4 ,d\btless1 any read] c add to ?is li/4 ,( a surety1 we h _h no lack ( =eca/s ( "o sort or ano!r2 & n[ we h "s new contributions1--,mr4 ,wells's 8,anticipations10 ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,kidd's 8,pr9ciples ( ,we/]n ,civilization10 two brief b s5t5ti\s pap]s by ,pr(essor ,john ,b4 ,cl>k1 on 8,! ,society ( ! ,future0 & 8,a ,modifi$ ,individualism0 7publi%$ 9 ! ,indep5d5t71 a def9ite ,sociali/ pr$iction by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,d4 ,lloyd1 & a semi-,sociali/ "o by ,mr4 ,sidney ,webb4 ,i ,mr4 ,wells1 9 8 lecture be=e ! ,royal ,in/itution la/ ,janu>y1 put =? ! !sis t1 j z we c picture ! g5]al aspects ( ! e>? 9 mesozoic times by a /udy ( geology & paleontology1 s by a /udy ( ! pres5t sociological drift c we picture ! society ( a hundr$ ye>s h5ce4 ,he !reupon gives u 8,anticipations0 z a result ( ! m or less rigor\s work+ out ( ?is me?od4 ,!re is mu* to be said = ! me?od1 & its "r employm5t might probably give u some?+ ( great value4 ,un=tunately1 ,mr4 ,wells =gets 8 !sis1 & plunges into pure vatic9ation4 ,he writes ) a spirit$ aggressiv5ess1 & 8 pictures are (t5 vivid & impressive4 ,b ! great] "p ( 8 revelation is ( a /ate ( ?+s :i* seems f> remov$ f :at w\ld be produc$ by any curr5t t5d5cies1 actual or lat5t4 ,mr4 ,kidd's pr$ictions lack some:at 9 def9it5ess ( outl9e1 & ne$ n "h conc]n u4 ,tol/oi1 on ! o!r h&1 is specific4 ,he dreams ( a return to a m primitive mann] ( production1 & a social *ange t[>d a /atus ( ,an>*i/-,communism4 ,he sc(fs at ! enorm\s div]sity ( wants made necess>y by ! gr[+ intellig5ce & ref9em5t ( ! race1 & urges mank9d to live m simply4 8,! t[n mu/ be ab&on$1 ! p mu/ be s5t away f ! factories & into ! c\ntry to "w ) _! h&s2 ! aim ( e man %\ld be to satisfy all 8 wants himself40 ,b ! c\nsel falls ^u he$less e>s4 ,urg$ to live m simply1 ! race1 impell$ by natural & irresi/ible laws1 ye>ly increases ! sum ( its wants4 ,sci5ce1 art1 & indu/ry con/antly pile up new commodities4 ,mank9d f9ds t ?r\gh !m x secures long] & heal?i]1 if n happi] lives4 ,x recognizes t by ?is increase ( wants m human be+s are employ$1 & t by a slight dim9ution !re( t5s ( ?\s&s are ?r[n into idl5ess4 ,& f9ally x recognizes t by a division ( labor1 9 :i* natural aptitude 9 p>ticul> directions is s\ght to be secur$1 ! greate/ & mo/ economical production foll[s4 ,"u ,an>*i/-,communism & ! p]=mance ( labor 9 ! direction ( ea* individual attempt+ to create ! ?+s ne$ful = himself1 !re w\ld be entail$ ^u u a productive wa/e va/ly great] ?an t h]et(ore compell$ by capitalism1 diffus+ a degree ( want & consequ5t wret*$ness at pres5t unkn[n4 ,!re is no pres5t indication t mank9d w take ?is /ep4 ,some?+ bett] is to be said = ,pet] ,kropotk9's ideal ( a communi/ic union ( %op indu/ry & agriculture4 ,9 remote places1 outside ! curr5t ( factory indu/rialism1 !re are /ill survivals ( ?is union1 ?\gh ! communi/ic feature is g5]ally want+4 ,d\btless1 "u any =m ( society1 ev5 a well-regulat$ ,/ate ,socialism1 ?is union w\ld to "s ext5t p]si/4 ,b if !re are any pres5t t5d5cies t[>d its gr[?1 !y are b feeble & isolat$4 ,kropotk9's rec5t book1 8,fields1 ,factories & ,work%ops10 :i* 0 int5d$ to s\nd ! glad timbrel ( rejoic+ ov] ! expansion ( ?is movem5t1 turns out to be a r pitiful ?r5ody on ! decl9e & dea? ( petty indu/ries ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,moreov]1 x is "o ?+ to argue ! p]si/5ce ( ?is mann] ( production 9 scatt]$ places1 & q ano!r to argue x ! dom9ant mann] ( production 9 a trans=m$ society ( ! future4 ,( ! com+ ( su* a society ! evid5ces are pa9fully scant4 ,we h also ! ,s+le-,tax]s1 ! foll[]s ( ! late ,h5ry ,george1 :o are q z f]tile 9 prophecy z 9 polemics4 ,!y dream ( a mill5nium ?r\gh ! imposition ( a tax on ! economic value ( l&1 & ! abolition ( all o!r taxes & duties ( :atsoev] k9d4 ,free competition is _! %ibbole?2 & x is no less ! %ibbole? ( ! ,neo-,jeff]sonians1 ! foll[]s ( ,mr4 ,bryan4 ,except = ! fact t ^! two s*ools are some:at ,jacob9ical1 _! g5]al notions ( ! com+ society d n diff] greatly f ! notions ( ! or?odox economi/s4 ,all ( ^! desire1 or ?9k !y desire1 free competition4 ,aris+ out ( an era ( competition1 ,pr(essor ,cl>k sees a com+ ord] :]e9 ! ri* 8w cont9ually gr[ ri*]1 & ! multi-millionnaires w approa* ! billion-doll> /&>d2 b ! poor w be f> f gr[+ poor]4444 ,x may be t ! wages ( a day w take him ! work] to ! m\nta9s1 & ^? ( a hundr$ days w c>ry him ?r\gh a ,european t\r40 ,! dreadful spectre ( monopoly1 h[ev]1 arises to ?reat5 ^! visions4 ,mo/ ( ! or?odox economi/s ackn[l$ge a possible dang] f x1 b ! ,s+le-,tax]s & ,jeff]sonians are sure x is a real & gr[+ m5ace4 ,says ,pr(essor ,cl>k1 8,betwe5 u & ! rgime ( monopoly !re ranges itself a :ole s]ies ( possible measures /opp+ %ort ( ,socialism1 & yet effici5t en\gh to pres]ve our free economic sy/em40 ,x is a 8free economic sy/em0 :i* all ^! are b5t on hav+1--! economi/s det]m9$ on pres]v+ x1 ! o!rs on e/abli%+ x2 = ! ,s+le-,tax]s1 ) _! bte noir ( private own]%ip ( l&1 & ! ,jeff]sonians1 ) _! btes noirs ( railroads & tru/s1 d5y t our economic sy/em is at pres5t 8free40 ,d\btless !y are bo? "r2 b if !re be "o fact 9 ! realm ( political economy fairly e/abli%$1 x is t ! era ( competition1 :e!r free or unfree1 is dead1 & ! means ( its resurrection are unkn[n to political sci5ce4 ,) old m5 ! dream ( its revival is w>rantable1 = x spr+s f t retrospective mood ( age :i* gilds pa/ times1 & t att5dant mood :i* recreates & projects !m into "s imag9$ future2 b ) ! y\ng] g5]ation visions ( free competition are b z *ildr5's dreams ( wild =e/s & %aggy animals--! atavi/ic rem9d]s ( exp]i5ces unkn[n to ! individual1 ?\gh knit into ! fibre ( ! race4 ,! subject is "o f> bett] suit$ to ! doma9 ( a psy*ologi/ l ,dr4 ,/anley ,hall ?an to ! scope ( ?is book4 ,f9ally1 we h ! ,sociali/s1 ) _! prophecy ( ! e>ly e/abli%m5t ( a cop]ative commonweal?4 ,x is a noble picture1 9 its be/ expression bas$ ^u ! extreme ( fai? 9 ! com+ g5]ations ( mank9d1 h[ev] its draughtsm5 may criticise ! wisdom & ju/ice ( ! pres5t4 ,!re is no d\bt t n[ a gr\nd-swell ( ,sociali/ conviction moves l a tide 8( wat]s un)/ood02 ev]y:]e "o notes its influ5ces4 ,ev5 s cons]vative a s*ol> z ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,davies1 lectur] on ! hi/ory ( philosophy 9 ,yale ,univ]sity1 c write1 8,!re is no d\bt t ! next =m ( political activity to claim att5tion is ! sociali/ic1 z x is ! mo/ popul> & s]i\s ( any n[ be=e ! educat$ m9ds ( ?is c\ntry40 ,its propag&a is c>ri$ on untir+ly1 & t its results are fe>$ is evid5t f ! equal aggressiv5ess ( a c\nt]-propag&a ma9ta9$ by ! +5i\s def5d]s ( ! pres5t rgime aga9/ ! :ole =m & _s ( ,socialism4 ,b ?\gh sociali/ conviction spreads1 ! sub/ance s\ght = seems z f> away z ev]4 ,x w\ld seem1 = ! mo/ "p1 to be b a lukew>m conviction1 mu* l t = :i* ! ,laodiceans 7 s widely fam$4 ,pres5t t5d5cies make = o!r =ms ( production1 = a va/ly diff]5t social rgime4 ,,ii ,! dom9ant t5d5cies w be cle>ly se5 only by ^? :o = ! "t deta* !mselves f _! social ideals4 ,:at1 !n1 9 ?is republic ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 may ,sociali/1 ,individuali/1 & ,cons]vative alike see1 if only !y w look ) uncl\d$ vision8 ,9 brief1 an irresi/ible movem5t--n[ almo/ at its culm9ation--t[>d great comb9ations 9 specific trades2 next t[>d coalesc5ce ( k9dr$ indu/ries1 & ?us t[>d ! complete integration ( capital4 ,consequ5t ^u ^! *anges1 ! gr\p ( capta9s & lieut5ants ( indu/ry atta9s a daily increas+ p[]1 social1 indu/rial1 & political1 & becomes ! rank+ ord] 9 a va/ s]ies ( gradations4 ,! ,/ate becomes /rong] 9 its relation to ! prop]tyless citiz51 weak] 9 its relation to ! man ( capital4 ,a gr[+ subord9ation ( classes1 & a trem5d\s increase 9 ! numb]s ( ! l[] ord]s1 foll[4 ,factory indu/ry increases1 & ! petty indu/ries1 :ile /ill support+ a great numb] ( work]s1 are 9 all respects relatively weak] ?an ev] be=e2 !y suff] a progressive limitation ( scope & function & a decrease ( rev5ues4 ,def5celess labor--! labor ( wom5 & *ildr5--increases bo? absolutely & relatively4 ,m5's wages decl9e or rema9 /ation>y1 :ile ! value ( ! product & ! co/ ( liv+ advance by /eady /eps4 ,?\gh l& is g5]ally held 9 some:at small] allotm5ts1 t5antry on ! small hold+s1 & sal>i$ managem5t on ! l>ge1 gradually replace ! old sy/em ( indep5d5t f>m+2 & ! control ( agriculture oscillates betwe5 ! comb9ations t det]m9e ! prices ( its products & ! railroads t det]m9e ! rate = transportation to ! m>kets4 ,9 a ^w1 !y :o desire to live--:e!r f>m]s1 workm51 middlem51 tea*]s1 or m9i/]s--mu/ make _! peace ) ^? :o h ! disposition ( ! liv+s4 ,! result is a r5asc5t ,feudalism1 :i*1 ?\gh x diff]s 9 _m =ms f t ( ! "t ( ,edw>d ,i1 is yet bas$ ^u ! same /atus ( "l1 ag5t1 & und]l+4 ,x is a ,feudalism some:at grac$ by a s5se ( e?ics & some:at re/ra9$ by a fe> ( democracy4 ,! new b>ons seek a public sanction ?r\gh conspicu\s giv+1 & !y avoid a too obvi\s ex]cise ( _! p[] ^u political in/itutions4 ,_! b5efic5ce1 h[ev]1 ?\gh l>ge1 is b r>ely prodigal4 ,x betok5s1 z 9 ! case ( ! c>eful sp\se ( ,john ,gilp91 a frugal m9d4 ,!y dem& ! full t]ms nom9at$ 9 ! bond2 !y exact f ! traffic all x w be>4 ,out ( ! trem5d\s rev5ues t fl[ to !m "s ( !m return a "p 9 b5efactions to ! public2 & ^! b5efactions1 :e!r or n prim>ily devot$ to ! easem5t ( consci5ce1 are always %rewdly dispos$ ) an eye to ! allaym5t ( pa9 & ! quiet+ ( discont5t4 ,!y are giv5 to hospitals2 to colleges & *ur*es :i* tea* rev]5ce = ! exi/+ rgime1 & to libr>ies1 :]e9 ! en=c$ leisure ( ! unemploy$ may be :il$ away 9 relative cont5tm5t4 ,!y are nev] giv51 ev5 by accid5t1 to any ( ! movem5ts mak+ = ! correction ( :at re=m]s t]m inju/ice4 ,b n to look too curi\sly into motives1 our new ,feudalism is at lea/ consid]ate4 ,x is a pat]nal1 a ,b5evol5t ,feudalism4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,comb9ation ,,& ,,coalesc5ce ,i ,we h1 fir/1 ! enorm\s gr[? ( indu/rial1 comm]cial1 & f9ancial comb9ations4 ,a crude idea ( ! ext5t to :i* conc5tration 9 manufactures _h gr[n up to ,may #ca1 #aijj1 may be ga9$ f ,c5sus ,bullet9 ,no4 #abb4 ,9 ?is report only ^? aggregations are consid]$ :i* consi/$ ( 8a numb] ( =m]ly indep5d5t mills :i* h be5 br\ght toge!r into "o company "u a *>t] obta9$ = t purpose40 ,sev]al ( ! new security-hold+ /ock companies are includ$1 b 8_m l>ge e/abli%m5ts compris+ a numb] ( mills :i* h gr[n up1 n by comb9ation ) o!r mills1 b by erection ( new plants or ! pur*ase ( old ones10 are n consid]$1 nor are gas & electric light+ plants1 or pools1 & 8g5tlem5's agreem5ts40 ,! li/ conta9s records ( #ahc corporations1 ) #bjbi active & #agd idle plants1 an av]age ( #aa active plants ea*4 ,! actual capital inve/$ 9 ^! corporations1 exclusive ( t = #ef ( ! idle plants1 0 #a1deh1ebb1egc1 & ! au?oriz$ capitalization 0 #c1fjg1eci1bjj4 ,^! comb9ations employ$ #bd1ehe sal>i$ (fic]s & cl]ks1 & an av]age ( #cii1aib wage-e>n]s4 ,! #ajdg (fic]s receiv$ an av]age ( #f1hbe4bh ye>ly & ! wage-e>n]s1 #dhg4cb4 ,!re 7 #dj comb9ations 9 iron & /eel1 ) #ddg plants2 #bh 9 liquor & bev]ages1 ) #bai plants2 #ba 9 food & alli$ products1 ) #bgc plants2 #ae 9 clay1 glass1 & /one products1 ) #ahj plants1 & #ad 9 *emicals1 ) #bdh plants4 ,! gross value ( ! manufactur$ product ( ^! comb9ations1 z giv5 by ! c5sus1 0 #a1ffa1bie1cfd4 ,exclud+ h& trades1 gov]nm5t e/abli%m5ts1 educational1 eleemosyn>y1 & p5al work%ops1 & %ops ) a product ( less ?an #ejj1 ?is total repres5t$ #ad p] c5t ( ! value ( ! manufactur$ product = ! :ole c\ntry4 ,! spr+ ( #aijj 01 h[ev]1 b ! mid-morn+ ( ! comb9ation movem5t4 ,only #fc ( ^! companies _h be5 =m$ previ\s to #ahig1 :ile m ?an #ej p] c5t ( !m 7 =m$ dur+ ! eighte5 mon?s f ,janu>y #a1 #ahii1 to ,june #cj1 #aijj4 ,s9ce !n ! movem5t has swept =w>d l a great tide4 ,! consolidations ( manufactur+ companies = ! fir/ five mon?s ( #aija alone probably exce$$ #b1jjj1jjj1jjj 9 capitalization4 ,! great /eel 8tru/0 7to use ! popul> t]m71 an #hh1jjj1jjj t9-c tru/1 /ill o!r tru/s 9 tobacco ma*9]y1 c>pets1 coal & coke1 wit*-hazel1 glass lamps & electric glass fitt+s1 %ip-build+1 cotton duck1 agricultural implem5ts1 & wat*es1 _h _! bir? dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,m rec5tly came ! /eel-ca/+s tru/1 subord9ate to ! /eel corporation1 a recomb9ation 9 tobacco1 & v lately a new %ip-build+ comb9ation1 a #abj1jjj1jjj h>ve/] tru/1 & a cotton compress tru/4 ,! capital inve/$ 9 manufactur+ comb9ations is n[ probably two & "o-half times :at x 0 9 ,may1 #aijj2 & x is a reasonable guess t ne>ly "o-?ird ( ! manufactur$ product ( ! c\ntry1 outside ( ! petty trades1 comes f ! comb9ations4 ,( ! magnitude ( "s ( ^! conc]ns ! av]age m9d c =m b an inadequate idea4 ,! figures express+ x are comp>able ) ^? ( /> di/ances1 :i* mu/ be transmut$ into light-ye>s to make !m conceivable4 ,a ,new ,york newspap] has rec5tly made "s computations on ! great /eel tru/1 :i* help to br+ home to u a realization ( its size & p[]4 ,its ye>ly net pr(its are n[ d\ble ! am\nt ( ! total rev5ues ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t 9 ! ye> ,l9coln 0 elect$4 ,its wage-roll c>ries on an av]age ( ! r\nd ye> ov] #aeh1jjj names--an army ( employees l>g] by #de1jjj ?an s]ves ! ,national ,gov]nm5t 9 e bran* ( its civil s]vice1 classifi$ & unclassifi$1 except only f\r?-class po/ma/]s4 ,its wage-paym5ts = la/ ye> aggregat$ ne>ly #aac1jjj1jjj1 m by #ac1jjj1jjj ?an ! huge annual city budget ( ,great] ,new ,york4 ,its annual production ( /eel is #aj1jjj1jjj tons1 #fg p] c5t ( ! total production ( ! c\ntry2 & its freight paym5ts = ! ye> #aija am\nt$ to m ?an #ed1jjj1jjj4 ,dur+ ! same p]iod f9ancial1 comm]cial1 m9+1 & transportation tru/s h also _h _! spl5did inn+4 ,we read ( an accid5t-insurance tru/ ) a capitalization ( #ej1jjj1jjj1 ! great %ipp+ tru/1 ! #abj1jjj1jjj jobb+ h>dw>e tru/1 ! ,int]urban ,/reet ,railway /ock-hold+ comb9ation1 ! beef tru/1 a #ej1jjj1jjj lead m]g]1 a recomb9ation 9 copp]1 & a univ]sal oil tru/4 ,moody's ,manual ( ,corporation ,securities = #aijb gives a li/ ( #hb indu/rial & m]cantile consolidations effect$ betwe5 ,janu>y #a1 #ahii1 & ,septemb] #a1 #aijb1 ea* ( :i* is capitaliz$ at #aj1jjj1jjj or m1 ! :ole aggregat+ a capitalization ( #d1cah1jje1fdf4 ,?irty-n9e ( ^!1 ) #a1bcb1idg1gij au?oriz$ capital1 7 =m$ dur+ #ahii2 #g ) #ahf1aaj1djj capital1 9 #aijj2 #bj ) #b1ada1aig1def capital 9 #aija1 & #af ) #geg1gej1jjj capital dur+ ! fir/ eight mon?s ( #aijb4 ,! li/ is admitt$ly incomplete4 8,x embraces only ! s-call$ gigantic comb9ations :i* h be5 =m+ 9 ! pa/ ?ree & "o-half ye>s4 ,a complete li/1 )\t reg>d to date ( =mation1 & includ+ bo? l>ge & small10 says ?is au?ority1 8w\ld probably aggregate #hej diff]5t-go+ comb9ations1 & w\ld easily foot up ov] #i1jjj1jjj1jjj ( capitalization4 ,includ+ railroad consolidations1 su* a li/ w\ld make a total ( ov] #ae1jjj1jjj1jjj out/&+ capitalization40 ,z = ! railroads1 ! =mation ( ! ,nor!rn ,securities ,company1 ! rec5t assimilation ( ! ,l\isville & ,na%ville1 & ! 8reorganization0 ( ! ,rock ,isl& %[ ! same drift4 ,five m51 accord+ to a rec5t /atem5t ( ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission] ,j4 ,a4 ,pr\ty1 control all ! railroads ( ! c\ntry2 & ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,gates1 a f9anci] :o may be suppos$ to "k some?+ on t head1 has m rec5tly decl>$1 accord+ to a newspap] int]view1 t two m5 are really 9 control4 8,i believe t ! "t is n f> di/ant10 decl>$ ,pr(essor ,francis ,l4 ,patton1 =m] head ( ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity1 9 a rec5t address be=e ! ,presbyt]ian ,social ,union ( ,*icago1 8:5 !re w n be a ?+ t we eat1 dr9k1 or we> t w n be made by a tru/40 ,he might h gone f>!r & f>$ z well2 = ! !atrical tru/ det]m9es :at dramas we %all witness2 ! pulp tru/1 ! typef\nd]s' tru/1 ! news tru/1 & ! s*ool-book tru/ ex]t a mo/ direct be>+ on :at we read & :at our read+ co/s u2 & f9ally ! und]tak]s' tru/ det]m9es ! /yle & co/ ( our burial4 ,,ii ,! t5d5cies make n only = comb9ation 9 specific trades1 b = unification--= complete integration ( all capital :i* is susceptible ( organization4 ,capitali/ic atoms ( l[ val5cy--to use a t]m f *emi/ry1--su* z ^? inve/$ 9 "s ( ! h& trades1 cu/om & repair+ & ! l--may cont9ue _! c\rse1 b ^? ( a high val5cy are soon] or lat] br\ght into association4 ,f ?is fundam5tal gr\p+ comes integration1 ! conc5tration ( ! mat]ial units :i* g to make up an aggregate4 ,! less] gravitates to ! l>g]4 ,x ne$s no mod]n ,newton to proclaim t 9 f9ance1 comm]ce1 & indu/ry1 z 9 ! physical _w1 all bodies attract "o ano!r 9 direct proportion to _! mass4 ,di/ance provides a limitation1 x is true1 to ! action ( ?is law 9 ! physical _w2 b less s 9 ! economic _w1 = su* is ! p]fection ( our means ( communication t !y provide a m transmissible m$ium to capital ?an is ! p]vad+ e!r to light & gravitation4 ,! sep>ate trade tru/s are n suffici5t unto !mselves1 b move /eadily t[>d unification4 ,a glance at ! directorates ( ! lead+ comb9ations %[s _m names repeat$ ?r\gh a long li/ ( v>i$ indu/ries4 ,! comb9ations !mselves rea* out & acquire new int]e/s1 (t5 di/9ct f _! prim>y int]e/s4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania coal is m9$ & railroads are op]at$ by practically ! same companies1 & 9 ,colorado & ,we/ ,virg9ia ne>ly z complete an id5tity is discov]$4 ,! /eel corporation owns coal l&s1 lime/one qu>ries1 railroads1 & docks2 x is alli$ ) ! great ,atlantic %ipp+ tru/2 x is relat$1 n di/antly1 to ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company2 & ! beg9n+s ( a public op9ion tru/ are indicat$1 = already its *ief magnate has acquir$ sev]al newspap]s & a prom95t magaz9e4 ,bi%op ,pott]'s pr$iction1 x w\ld seem1 is 9 fair way ( fulfilm5t4 8,we mu/ fully realize10 he said to ! ,yale /ud5ts la/ ,april1 8! dang] t m9d z well z matt] w be at "s "t 9 ! future capitaliz$1 & t ! real ?9k+ & plann+ = ! _m w be done by a m]e h&ful40 ,beet & cane sug> are soon to be jo9$1 we read2 pap] & lumb]1 if n already w$d$1 are at lea/ on excell5t t]ms4 ,oil & gas on ! "o h&1 coal & iron on ! o!r1 h a 8common und]/&+10 & ea* ( !m holds morganatic relations ) "o or m ( ! railroads4 ,all ! great comb9ations recognize a gr[+ community ( int]e/2 !y t5d m & m to a pot5tial1 if n an actual1 coalesc5ce2 & 9 ! face ( popul> agitation1 legislative aggressiv5ess1 or ! =mal dem&s ( labor1 !y develop a unity ( purpose & me?od4 ,_! support is ?r[n1 9 g5]al1 to ! same c&idates = gov]nors1 s5ators1 judges1 & tax assessors4 ,9 brief1 !y t5d to ! =mation ( a /ate )9 a /ate1 & _! individual memb]s to ! creation ( an indu/rial & political hi]>*y4 ,,iii ,! c\nt]-t5d5cy t[>d ! p]si/5ce ( small-unit f>m+ & ( small-%op production & di/ribution mu/ n be lo/ sight (1 nor mu/ ! great comb9ations be look$ ^u z necess>ily a pro( ( individual conc5tration ( weal?4 ,t !y g5]ally s result is h>dly to be disput$2 b prim>ily1 !y mean ! mass+ toge!r ( sep>ately own$ capitals1 (t5 small1 = a p>ticul> use4 ,!re is e reason to suppose t ! %>ehold]s gr[ 9 numb]s1 & t !y increase _! hold+s4 ,s t :ile ! magnates t5d to become ,midases1 !re is a concurr5t t5d5cy mak+ = diffus$ own]%ip4 ,! small inve/or is to be f\nd 9 e /ratum ( society1 & ! numb] ( %>ehold]s 9 "s ( ! great comb9ations rea*es an a/oni%+ figure4 ,! 8"o t\* ( nature0 :i* 9 ,%akespe>e's eyes made ! :ole _w k9 0 ! love ( novelty2 9 our day x is ! passion = inve/+ 9 %>es4 ,petty indu/ries & small-unit f>m+ p]si/1 despite ! movem5t t[>d comb9ation4 ,! rec5t c5sus gives ! numb] ( manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z #eab1gbf1 an increase ( #dd4c p] c5t4 ,?is is a l>g] p]c5tage ( increase ?an is %[n = any o!r ( ! fifte5 items 9 ! c5sus summ>y ( manufactures1 except capital1 *ildr5's wages1 & miscellane\s exp5ses4 ,d\btless _m ( ^! e/abli%m5ts belong to ! tru/s2 b ) all all[ances ! num]ical gr[? is rem>kable4 ,! undevelop$ sections %[ ! greate/ increase1 b ev5 indu/rially settl$ ,/ates1 su* z ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 & ,rhode ,isl&1 reveal m>k$ ga9s4 ,pr(essor ,ely has po9t$ out sev]al bran*es ( indu/ry 9 :i* small-%op production is increas+4 ,"s inve/igations :i* ! pres5t writ] made two ye>s ago 9 two bran*es confirm ?is t5d5cy4 ,x is pron\nc$ 9 ! notion trades & 9 ! manufacture ( wom5's ready-made we>4 ,9 ! latt] ! indu/ry has be5 revolutioniz$1 ! l>ge h\ses be+ m5ac$ ) disa/] & "s ( !m ) ext9ction4 ,9 dry-goods di/ribution ! t5d5cies are confus$ & puzzl+4 ,:ile ! numb] ( g5]al jobb+ h\ses 9 ,new ,york ,city has decreas$ f ?irty-five to five 9 tw5ty-five ye>s1 ! rema9+ ones gr[+ to enorm\s proportions1 ! numb] ( small] h\ses di/ribut+ special l9es has ei!r ma9ta9$ its own or has gr[n4 ,9 ,baltimore & ,/4 ,l\is small jobb+ h\ses p]si/ 9 ! face ( ! l>g] h\ses4 ,9 ! retail trades1 ev5 9 ,new ,york1 despite ! creation ( a numb] ( mammo? g5]al /ores1 ! dulle/ obs]v] w note ! cont9uance ( ?\s&s ( small groc]y1 dry-goods1 & furniture /ores1 confection]y & but*] %ops2 :ile cu/om & repair+ "w is /ill done 9 ! little tailor+ & %oemak+ %ops t speak a sort ( defiance to ! great emporiums4 ,?r\gh conv5i5ce ( location to ! community ( cu/om]s ab\t !m--(t51 too1 by ! giv+ ( cr$it--_m ( ^! little %ops & /ores furni% a social s]vice t _c be p]=m$ by ! l>g] /ores1 :i* are mo/ly to be f\nd mass$ 9 ! c5tral %opp+ di/rict4 ,some?+ ( ! same nature is to be f\nd 9 agriculture4 ,?\gh ! great e/ates are increas+ 9 size1 s also is ! numb] ( small hold+s increas+4 ,ne>ly e ,/ate & ,t]ritory %[s an increase 9 ! numb] ( f>ms1 :ile ! majority %[ a decrease 9 av]age acreage4 ,! great /ock-graz+ f>ms ( ! ,we/ & ! unproductive 8g5tlem5's e/ates0 ( ! ,ea/ help to make ! c5sus figures mislead+4 ,x is probable t 9 e ,/ate real f>m+ is done on a small] av]age acreage ?an ev] be=e4 ,ev5 indep5d5t capital 9 trad+ & manufactures %[s an unexpect$ p]si/5ce4 ,an int]e/+ article 9 a rec5t issue ( ! ,new ,york ,j\rnal ( ,comm]ce puts ! capitalization ( ! great tru/s = ! twelve ye>s end+ ) #aija at #f1dgd1jjj1jjj1 ( :i* x m>ks (f #b1jjj1jjj1jjj z 8spuri\s common /ock10 t is1 /ock n repres5t+ real capital 9 any =m4 ,n m ?an #cjj1jjj1jjj ( new capital1 x ma9ta9s1 _h be5 ?r[n into ! consolidations4 ,?is w\ld leave #d1dgd1jjj1jjj z ! sum ( values already e/abli%$ by previ\s inve/m5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x ma9ta9s t actual records %[ t 9 sev5te5 mon?s f ! beg9n+ ( #aija1 9 ! f\r ,/ates ( ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 & ,ma9e1 ! aggregate capitalization ( newly organiz$ companies ) a capital ( #a1jjj1jjj & upw>ds is #a1ifi1fej1jjj2 & x calculates t = ! :ole c\ntry1 includ+ ! l>ge & small corporations1 8! national indu/rial capital 7exclusive ( t = transportation appliances7 mu/ h increas$ approximately #e1jjj1jjj1jjj s9ce ! end ( #aijj40 ,sev]al r obvi\s demurr]s might be made to ! conclusions rea*$1 b !y ne$ n n[ conc]n u4 ,) all possible disc\nt+1 /rong pro( is giv5 ( ! aggressive p]si/5ce ( indep5d5t capital4 ,,iv ,su* facts1 h[ev]1 d n c>ry on ! surface _! real import4 ,indep5d5t capital p]si/s z a =ce1 b ! units t compose x melt l bubbles 9 a /ream4 ,^! companies are b ! raw or 8p>tly manufactur$0 mat]ial out ( :i* ! great comb9ations are made4 ,=mation1 gr[?1 & absorption into a tru/ are g5]ally ! ?ree t]ms 9 _! life-hi/ory2 or if1 ?r\gh ill environm5t or spirit$ w>f>e wag$ aga9/ !m1 !y fail to get secure foot+1 !y soon slip back into ! sl\gh ( disa/]4 ,! fate ( indep5d5t tobacco factories1 sug> & oil ref9]ies1 railroads1 indep5d5t companies ( "o k9d or ano!r1 is con/antly be=e u4 ,if !y are wor? hav+1 !y are m or less b5evol5tly assimilat$2 & if !y are n wor? hav+1 !y are p]mitt$ to /ruggle onw>d to ! almo/ inevitable collapse4 ,nei!r d small hold+s 9 agriculture mean economic indep5d5ce4 ,z ! late c5sus reveals1 !y mean t5antry4 ,! numb] ( f>ms op]at$ by own]s is decreas+2 t5antry is becom+ m & m common1 & s is sal>i$ managem5t ( great e/ates4 ,( ! #e1gci1feg f>ms ( ! nation1 t5ants n[ op]ate #b1jbf1bhf4 ,own]s op]at$ #gd4e p] c5t ( all f>ms 9 #ahhj1 #ga4f p] c5t 9 #ahij1 #fd4g p] c5t 9 #aijj4 ,! t5d5cy is g5]al1 & applies to all sections4 ,s9ce #ahhj t5antry has relatively increas$ 9 e ,/ate & ,t]ritory 7no comp>ative data are giv5 = ! ,indian ,t]ritory7 except ,arizona1 ,florida1 & ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,s9ce #ahij x has increas$ 9 ,arizona4 ,9 tw5ty ye>s x has increas$ #di4d p] c5t 9 ,florida1 ?\gh ! unload+ ( 8orange groves0 & o!r tropical p>adises on ! too susceptible ,nor!rn] has increas$ own]%ip by a slightly great] ratio2 :ile 9 ,new ,hamp%ire1 :]e #bheg f>ms h be5 giv5 up 9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 t5antry has decreas$ by b five-t5?s ( #a p] c5t s9ce #ahij1 & b six-t5?s ( #a p] c5t s9ce #ahhj4 ,s1 too1 ) petty indu/ries & ! small retail]s4 ,m4 ,emile ,v&]velde1 9 8 /]l+ "w1 8,collectivism & ,indu/rial ,evolution10 has well %[n h[ 8small trade is ! special refuge ( ! cripples ( capitalism40 ,x is ! p>ticul> refuge 8( all :o pref]1 9 place ( ! h>d labor ( production1 ! scanty glean+ ( ! middleman1 or :o1 no long] f9d+ a suffici5t rev5ue 9 indu/ry or f>m+1 desire to add a /r+ to _! b[ by op5+ a little %op40 ,b x w\ld be a mi/ake1 he cont9ues1 to suppose t ^! m9iature e/abli%m5ts1 :i* ! c5sus (ficials *>act]ize z di/9ct ent]prises1 c be g5]ally reg>d$ z ! p]sonal prop]ty ( ^? :o c>ry !m on4 8,a great numb] ( !m1 & a numb] con/antly increas+1 z capitalism develops1 h only a phantom ( indep5d5ce1 & are really 9 ! h&s ( a few great money l5d]s1 manufactur]s1 or m]*ants40 ,?\gh ,m4 ,v&]velde argues on ! basis ( ^! ph5om5a z obs]v$ 9 ,belgium1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,engl&1 ! same conclusions are applicable 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,our national c5sus figures are practically useless z illum9ators on ! subject1 & "o mu/ get 8 data f ! obs]vation or inve/igation ( himself or o!rs4 ,x is g5]ally kn[n t small indu/ries ! product ( :i* is m or less +5i\s or arti/ic manage to survive2 t ^? ! product ( :i* is common or usual are soon] or lat] ext+ui%$2 & t ! petty retail]s repres5t s _m het]og5e\s elem5ts t x is impossible to pr$icate any?+ ( !m z a class4 ,( ^! latt] !re is a mod]ate numb] :o1 by furni%+ a ne$ful social s]vice1 make pr(its2 !re is a l>ge & con/antly *ang+ numb] :o1 ?r\gh ease ( cr$it1 manage to obta9 /ock )\t capital1 & :o almo/ inv>iably succumb2 !re is !n a l>g] numb] ^: little %ops are run by wom5 & *ildr51 ! husb&s & fa!rs work+ at "s trade or (fice job1 & hopefully exp5d+ _! weekly e>n+s 9 ! va9 attempt to 8build up a bus9ess02 f9ally1 !re is a class1 ! numb]s & relative importance ( :i* x is impossible to e/imate1 ^: bus9esses are own$1 directly or indirectly1 by o!r m5 or by companies4 ,v ,_m ( ^! s-call$ indep5d5t conc]ns f9d x possible1 & "s ( !m f9d x fairly pr(itable1 to cont9ue4 ,b ! m ! l>ge comb9ations wax 9 p[]1 ! great] is ! subord9ation ( ! small conc]ns4 ,an increas+ con/ra9t *>act]izes all _! ef=ts4 ,!y are m closely conf9$ to p>ticul> activities & to local t]ritories1 _! b\nds be+ dictat$ & en=c$ by ! pressure ( ! comb9ations4 ,! petty tradesm5 & produc]s are ?us an economically dep5d5t class4 ,equally subord9ate--& = ! mo/ "p subs]vi5t--are ! own]s ( small & mod]ate hold+s 9 ! tru/s4 ,! l>g] hold+s--(t5 ! s+le l>ge/ hold+--det]m9e :at %all be done4 ,g5]ally1 too1 ! petty inve/ors are acquiesc5t to ! w ( ! ,big ,m54 ,b occasionally1 z 9 ! case ( ! transf] ( ! ,metropolitan ,/reet ,railway /ock1 !y rebel1 & x becomes necess>y to suppress !m4 ,at ! meet+ :i* det]m9$ ?is action1 ! prote/+ m9ority 7 emphatically ord]$ to 8%ut up02 :5 !y /ill object$1 ! presid+ (fic] decl>$1 8,we w vote fir/2 y c discuss ! matt] aft]w>d10 & ! vote 0 promptly tak54 ,! head ( an ,am]ican corporation1 moreov]1 is (t5 an absolute rul]1 :o det]m9es n only ! policy ( ! ent]prise1 b ! p]sonnel ( ! bo>d ( directors4 ,x 0 a nave lett] :i* a well-kn[n ,new ,york f9anci] rec5tly wrote to 8 8bo>d ( directors0 on ! occasion ( 8 retirem5t f ! presid5cy ( a great tru/ company 9 favor ( a retir+ ,cab9et m9i/]4 ,he _h be5 look+ ab\t1 he expla9$1 = "s "t = a compet5t successor4 ,n[ he _h f\nd him & _h *os5 him4 ,( c\rse ! =mal action ( ! bo>d w\ld be a welcome detail2 &1 equally a matt] ( c\rse1 x 0 promptly giv54 ,"o ( ! copp] k+s rec5tly te/ifi$ 9 a legal action t he 8didn't want to call ! bo>d ( directors toge!r to obta9 au?ority to buy adjac5t prop]ties40 ,he w5t ahead1 did :at he pleas$1 & let ! bo>d discuss ! matt] aft]w>d4 ,if !re 0 ev] s mu* z a "q ab\t x1 x 0 b a pr(itless int]f]5ce4 ,,vi ,! t5d5cies ?us make1 on ! "o h&1 t[>d ! c5tralization ( va/ p[] 9 ! h&s ( a few m5--! morganization ( indu/ry1 z x 7--&1 on ! o!r1 t[>d a va/ increase 9 ! numb] ( ^? :o compose ! economically dep5d5t classes4 ,! latt] numb] is already /up5d\s4 ,! labor]s & me*anics 7 long ago br\ght "u ! yoke ?r\gh _! divorcem5t f ! l& & ! application ( /eam to factory op]ation4 ,!y are economically unfree except 9 s f> z _! organizations make possible a collective b>ga9+ = wages & h\rs4 ,! gr[? ( comm]ce rais$ up an enorm\s class ( cl]ks & help]s1 p]haps ! mo/ dep5d5t class 9 ! community4 ,! gr[? & p>tial diffusion ( weal? has 9 fifty ye>s l>gely alt]$ ! "* ( our dome/ic s]vice & increas$ ! numb] ( s]vants _m fold4 ,! pr(essions1 too1 h felt ! *ange4 ,beh9d _m ( our important newspap]s are private comm]cial int]e/s :i* dictate _! g5]al policy1 if n1 z is frequ5tly ! case1 _! p>ticul> attitude ^u e public "q2 :ile ! race = end[m5ts made by ! great] numb] ( ! *ur*es & by all colleges except a few ,/ate-support$ ones1 compels a cauti\s reg>d on ! "p ( synod & faculty = ! wi%es1 ! views1 & ! prejudices ( m5 ( weal?4 ,to ?is gr[+ def]5ce ( prea*]1 tea*]1 & editor is add$ t ( two yet m important classes1--! mak]s & ! int]pret]s ( law4 ,! record ( legislation & judicial int]pretation reg>d+ slav]y previ\s to ! ,civil ,w> has be5 p>allel$1 if n surpass$1 9 rec5t ye>s by ! record ( legislatures & c\rts 9 matt]s relat+ to ! lives & heal? ( manual work]s1 especially 9 su* matt]s z employ]s' liability & factory inspection4 ,?us1 ) a great addition to ! numb] ( subord9ate classes1 ) a trem5d\s increase ( _! individual compon5ts1 & ) a correspond+ gr[? ( p[] 9 ! h&s ( a few score magnates1 !re is ne$$ little fur!r to make up a socio-economic /atus t conta9s all ! ess5tials ( a r5asc5t ,feudalism4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,our ,,magnates ,) ! rise ( ! magnates to p[] comes a gr[+ self-consci\sness ( _! au?ority & responsibility4 8,i am a citiz5 ( no mean /ate10 is ! reflection ( ea* ( !m z he looks ^u ! em]g5t ord] ( :i* he is s l>ge a "p2 & !reupon x becomes 8 mission to live up to 8 rank & function4 ,frequ5tly 8 b5efactions increase1 & always he takes on a m ,jovian air1 & views ) a m provid5tial outlook ! ph5om5a pass+ be=e & ab\t him4 ,he is a "p n only1 z ,t5nyson makes ,ulysses say1 ( all t he has met1 b ( ! prim>y causes ( ?+s4 ,he is at once ! loaf-giv] to ! ne$y1 ! regulator ( temporal affairs1 ! "l protector ( *ur* & society2 & he holds 8 title directly f ! ,creator4 8,! rights & int]e/s ( ! labor+ man10 wrote ! *ief ( ! an?racite coal magnates la/ ,augu/1 8w be protect$ & c>$ =1 n by ! labor agitators1 b by ! ,*ri/ian m5 to :om ,god 9 ,8 inf9ite wisdom has giv5 ! control ( ! prop]ty int]e/s ( ! c\ntry40 ,gradually !re comes ! r5asc5t developm5t ( ! seigniorial m9d4 ,i 8,bus9ess0 is ! ma9 ?\ght1 & ! apo!osis ( 8bus9ess0 ! ma9 cult ( ! new magnates4 8,( gods1 fri5ds1 le>n+s1 ( ! uncompreh5d$ civilization :i* !y ov]run10 indignantly writes ,mr4 ,h5ry ,d4 ,lloyd1 8!y ask b "o "q3 ,h[ mu*8 ,:at is a good "t to sell8 ,:at is a good "t to buy8444 ,_! hea!n eyes see 9 ! law & its consecrat$ (fic]s no?+ b an intellig5ce (fice1 & hir$ m5 to help !m burgl>ize ! treasures accumulat$ = a ?\s& ye>s at ! alt>s ( lib]ty & ju/ice1 t !y may burn _! m>ble = ! lime ( comm]ce40 ,?\gh a =cible1 x is an extreme view1 = x leaves out ( consid]ation ! high pr(essions ( morality1 ! frequ5t appeal to ,*ri/ian ideals1 ! t5d] solicitude = hone/y1 integrity1 law & ord]1 ) :i* our new magnates gild _! wor%ip ( 8bus9ess40 ,su* ( !m z h rec5tly invad$ lit]ature give edify+ glimpses ( ! new seigniorial attitude4 ,! arti/ic c>e]1 writes ,mr4 ,&rew ,c>negie 9 8 ent]ta9+ volume1 8,! ,empire ( ,bus9ess10 is mo/ n>r[+1 & produces 8petty jeal\sies1 unb\nd$ vanities1 & spitefulness02 ! le>n$ pr(essions also produce n>r[ness1 albeit (t5 a high specialization ( faculty & k4 ,b 8bus9ess10 prop]ly pursu$1 broad5s & develops ! :ole man4 ,x is a view e*o$ to great] or less ext5t by ! o!r lit]>y magnates1 p>ticul>ly ,mr4 ,james ,j4 ,hill1 ,mr4 ,russell ,sage1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,c4 ,t4 ,dodd1 ,mr4 ,john ,d4 ,rockefell]1 ,jr41 ! ,hon4 ,m>cus ,a4 ,hanna1 & ,mr4 ,*>les ,r4 ,fl9t4 ,a flatt]+ unction t all lay to _! s\ls is ! dictum t success 9 bus9ess is a matt] ( hone/y1 intellig5ce1 & en]gy4 8,!re is no l9e ( bus9ess10 writes ,mr4 ,c>negie1 89 :i* success is n atta9able4 ,x is a simple matt] ( hone/ "w1 ability1 & conc5tration40 8,to rail aga9/ ! accumulation ( weal?10 writes ,mr4 ,sage1 9 ! ,indep5d5t1 8is to rail aga9/ ! decrees ( ju/ice4 ,intellig5ce1 indu/ry1 hone/y1 & ?rift produce weal?4444 ,s long z "s m5 h m s5se & m self-control ?an o!rs1 j s long w su* m5 be weal?y1 :ile o!rs w be poor40 ,mr4 ,dodd1 9 8 address to ! /ud5ts ( ,syracuse ,univ]sity1 adds ?is contribution3 8,:y is !re /ill s mu* pov]ty8 ,"o reason is because nature or ! devil has made "s m5 weak & imbecile & o!rs lazy & wor?less1 & nei!r man nor ,god c d mu* = "o :o w d no?+ = himself40 ,mr4 ,rockefell] appeals bo? to evolution & to div9e sanction4 8,! gr[? ( a l>ge bus9ess10 he is report$ z decl>+ 9 "o ( 8 ,sunday-s*ool addresses1 8is m]ely a survival ( ! fitte/4444 ,! ,am]ican ,beauty rose c be produc$ 9 ! spl5dor & fragrance :i* br+ *e] to its behold] only by sacrific+ ! e>ly buds :i* gr[ up ar\nd x4 ,?is is n an evil t5d5cy 9 bus9ess4 ,x is m]ely ! work+ out ( a law ( nature & a law ( ,god40 ,x matt]s n t _m millions ( m51 tirelessly en]getic & reasonably intellig5t1 c be %[n to h toil$ all _! lives )\t w9n+ ev5 a compet5ce4 ,nor does x matt] t "s ( ^!1 9 addition to be+ en]getic & intellig5t1 h be5 reasonably hone/4 ,to be hone/1 z ?is _w goes1 is to be "o man pick$ out ( t5 ?\s&2 & ! fact t mo/ ( ! great] affairs ( ! bus9ess _w soon] or lat] f9d _! way into ! c\rts1 = ! te/+ ( ! am\nt & quality ( hone/y involv$ !re91 might well cause "s hesitation 9 posit+ ?is virtue z a necess>y qualification = 8bus9ess40 ,b ! notion is n to be argu$ )2 x is a *>act]i/ic outcropp+ ( ! seigniorial m9d4 ,! praise ( labor is ! antiphony to ! praise ( 8bus9ess10 & ! lyres ( all ! magnates are /rung t5sely :5 *ant+ tributes to toil4 8,r\nd sw+s ! hamm] ( indu/ry1 quickly ! %>p *isel r+s1 ,& ! he>t ( ! toil] has ?robb+s t /ir n ! bosom ( k+s10 w>bles ,mr4 ,fl9t 9 8 article on 8,comb9ations & ,critics10 9 8,! ,tru/3 ,its ,book40 ,toil is ! f\ndation ( weal?1 !y all av]1 ?\gh ! rhapsodical nature ( ! tributes prev5ts a cle> & def9ite utt]ance on ! "q1 ,( ^: weal? is x ! f\ndation8 ,b !re is no lack ( def9it5ess reg>d+ _! attitude t[>d ^? def5sive societies1 ! trade-unions1 :i* ! toil]s organize to secure a l>g] "p ( _! product to !mselves4 ,mr4 ,fl9t1 inde$1 some:at cauti\sly ackn[l$ges an elem5t = good 9 ! unions1 b ! g5]al attitude ( ! seigniorial m9d is di/9ctly inimical4 ,! rec5t int]e/+ correspond5ce betwe5 ! coal magnates & ,presid5t ,mit*ell is an in/ance 9 po9t2 s are ! frequ5t utt]ances on ! subject by ! presid5t ( ! /eel tru/1 & any numb] ( examples c\ld be giv5 ( a l "*4 ,a cr[n+ example ( a di/9ctly feudal attitude is furni%$ by a lett] f a prom95t ,new ,york m]*ant1 pr9t$ 9 ! issue ( ,june #i1 #aijb1 ( a newspap] :i* makes a consid]able to-d ab\t ! pr9t+ ( su* ( ! news z x sees fit to pr9t4 ,! prom95t m]*ant objects v /rongly to labor lead]s & walk+ delegates1 describ+ !m 9 almo/ z temp]ate & judicial language z t ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,judge ,jackson4 ,! fl[] ( 8 contribution is 8 seigniorial rem$y = /rikes3-- 8,! only rem$y1 9 my op9ion1 = /rikes is to get z _m m5 z !re are (fic]s 9 ! diff]5t labor associations admitt$ to _! meet+s1 :]e !y w\ld h a *ance to talk to ! m5 9 a bus9esslike way1 expla9+ matt]s to !m 9 su* a mann] z to br+ ! effects ( a /rike v pla9ly be=e !m40 ,moral suasion1 h[ev]1 is n ! only me?od sugge/$ = br++ s5se to ! work]s4 ,a h9t ( m =cible means is occasionally broa*$4 ,a ,new ,york newspap]1 :i* makes a boa/ ( pr9t+ unimpea*able int]views1 reports1 9 its issue ( ,july #ca/ la/1 a significant w>n+ f ! presid5t ( ! ,new ,york1 ,ont>io & ,we/]n ,railroad4 ,?is is "o ( ! coal-c>ry+ railroads1 & ! ref]5ce is to ! an?racite /rike4 8,aft] ! m5 return to "w10 he said1 8,i believe t legal /eps w be tak5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts aga9/ ^? :o are responsible = ! loss occasion$ by ! /rike40 ,! ,hon4 ,abram ,s4 ,hewitt e*o$ ?is int]e/+ sugge/ion 9 an int]view ( ,augu/ #be?4 8,! consequ5ces ( su* /rikes10 he says1 8are s disa/r\s1 n m]ely to ! p>ties directly conc]n$1 b to ! :ole community1 t e ef=t %\ld be made z soon z ! exi/+ /rike has be5 call$ (f & ! excitem5t is abat$ to prev5t by appropriate legislation ! recurr5ce ( su* calamit\s conflicts :]e ev]ybody is injur$ & no "o is b5efit$40 ,crim9al codes1 x may be said g5]ally1 dep5d l>gely on ! economic conditions ( ! "t & place :]e !y obta93 horse-/eal+1 9 a community girdl$ by trolley l9es1 deg5]ates to petty l>c5y1 :ile 9 ,wyom+ or ,arabia x is a capital (f5ce4 ,9 ! new ord]1 :i* requires peace & /ability = its prop] op]ation1 x may readily en\gh come ab\t t volunt>y leav+ ( "w w be sev]ely p5aliz$4 ,,ii ,! new seigniorial attitude t[>d gov]nm5t & public policy is also significant4 ,(t5 x is pat]nali/ic 9 a pr9cely degree4 ,! (f] ( a retir$ magnate to settle a great national problem by pay+ to ! ,gov]nm5t ! #bj1jjj1jjj dem&$ ( ,spa91 on condition t ! ,filip9os be 8set free10 _h 9 x some?+ ( ! 8gr& /yle0 :i* ,mat!w ,arnold s extols4 ,! rally+ to ! def5ce ( ! ,gov]nm5t's gold res]ve by c]ta9 f9anci]s1 sev]al ye>s ago1 ne$ n be in/anc$1 s9ce 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s x is gravely suspect$ t _! int]e/ 0 n entirely platonic4 ,b c]ta9ly ! rec5t (f] ( a weal?y magnate to pay "o-?ird ( ! co/ ( repair+ all ! roads 9 ! vic9ity ( ,lakewood1 ,n4,j41 %[$ ! true seigniorial _s4 ,n diff]5t 9 k9d1 ?\gh some:at 9 degree1 0 ! rec5t action ( a ,pittsburg magnate1 on ! rude refusal ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,works to pave 8 /reet o!rwise ?an ) blocks at a co/ ( #fe c5ts ! squ>e y>d1 9 do+ ! ?+ himself at a co/ ( #d4ej ! squ>e y>d4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 ! seigniorial attitude t[>d gov]nm5t is some:at m 9 ! direction ( int]v5tion4 ,! seasonal migration to ,wa%+ton ( repres5tatives ( all ! great comm]cial int]e/s has become a sali5t datum 9 political zology4 ,curiosity reg>d+ a propos$ p>cels po/ or gov]nm5t telegraph alone draws hundr$s ( ^! birds ( passage !re4 ,! rights ( private initiative mu/ be ma9ta9$ at any co/4 ,9 ! great ,we/ "o ( ! prime necessities = a liv+ is ! access to wat] = irrigation purposes4 ,"o may h l&2 b1 if he has n wat] to irrigate x1 ! soil is wor?less4 ,! prevail+ s5tim5t is = public own]%ip ( wat]ways1 s9ce1 9 _m places1 monopoly controls ! supply4 ,at ! electrical conv5tion held at ,san ,francisco rec5tly1 ! presid+ (fic]1 :o is also ! presid5t ( a public-s]vice corporation1 aft] d5\nc+ organiz$ labor & municipal own]%ip1 add$3 8,= u a f> m dang]\s agitation is t :i* n[ proposes ,/ate appropriation ( all wat] rights4 ,! s*eme advocat$ makes ! appropriation little less ?an %e] confiscation40 ,luckily ! sev5ty-"o mile envelope ( air t encases ! globe yet eludes monopolization4 8,h&s (f60 is ! w>n+ to gov]nm5t2 & ?\gh occasionally gov]nm5t puts h&s on1 !y are n v closely or t5aci\sly appli$4 ,! report ( ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission 7#aija71 = in/ance1 employs a r pessimi/ic tone reg>d+ gov]nm5t control ( traffic rates4 8,we simply call att5tion to ! fact10 x recites1 8t ! decision ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt 9 ! ,trans-,miss\ri case & ! ,jo9t ,traffic ,association case has produc$ no practical effect ^u ! railway op]ations ( ! c\ntry4 ,su* associations1 9 fact1 exi/ n[1 z !y did be=e ^? decisions1 & ) ! same g5]al effect40 8,%\ld ! ,supreme ,c\rt decl>e ! ,nor!rn railways consolidation uncon/itutional10 "o ( ! int]e/$ magnates is report$ z say+1 8we %all simply d ! ?+ 9 ano!r way4 ,x is some?+ t mu/ be done40 ,cynically frank is ,mr4 ,dodd1 9 8 ,syracuse address1 reg>d+ ! ,anti-tru/ law4 8,a mod]n ,f$]al law also exi/s10 he says1 8:i*1 lit]ally int]pret$1 =bids bus9ess ( any magnitude2 b ,f$]al judges h ?us f> f\nd x easi] to dismiss proce$+s "u x ?an to guess at its real mean+40 ,! presid5t ( ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,railroad takes ! bull by ! horns1 & d5\nces all int]f]5ce4 ,9 an int]view giv5 to ! press ,june #b;d ( ! pres5t ye>1 he decl>es t 8! legislation ( ! future mu/ be pro-railroad in/ead ( anti-railroad4444 ,i believe commissions are ?+s ( ! pa/4 ,i d n ?9k transportation companies %\ld h to submit to dictation or control by bodies :o d n "k any?+ ab\t transportation40 ,! ,contract-labor law is ano!r measure1 to ! seigniorial m9d1 unnecess>y & ob/ructive1 & its provisions1 !re=e1 are b lightly obs]v$4 ,kn[n evasions h be5 num]\s2 &1 7 ! full tru? reveal$1 x w\ld probably be f\nd t ?is law has met ) ab\t ! same degree ( obs]vance z h ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce & ,anti-tru/ laws4 ,z rec5tly z ,july #af?1 comes ^w f ,b]l9 to ! ,*icago ,daily ,news t 8ag5ts ( ,am]ican railroads are canvass+ ! ,poli% & ,slavic di/ricts ( ,europe = labor]s1 to :om !y (f] #b4ej a day & bo>d1 reg>dless ( ! ,f$]al ,contract-labor law40 ,n only d ! magnates dem& immunity f gov]nm5t int]f]5ce 9 _! bus9ess affairs1 b !y dem& also a m real1 if n a m obvi\s1 %>e 9 ! op]ations ( gov]nm5t4 ,! invasion1 dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s1 ( ! ,national ,s5ate by a numb] ( ! magnates or _! legates is a "p ( ! process2 b some?+ m to ! po9t is _! insi/5ce on ! "r to be consult$ 9 grave affairs by ! ,presid5t & ,cab9et4 ,a ,new ,york daily newspap]1 edit$ by ! di/+ui%$ s*ol> :o deliv]s lectures on j\rnalism be=e ,yale ,univ]sity1 publi%$ la/ ,febru>y an acc\nt ( a rem>kable ga!r+ at ,wa%+ton4 ,x v]ges closely ^u contumacy to m5tion ! names ( ! att5d+ magnates1 su* is _! em95ce1 & !y w !re=e n be giv54 ,_! purpose 0 to prote/ to ! ,presid5t aga9/ a repetition ( 8 action 9 ! ,nor!rn ,securities case4 8,! f9anci]s decl>e10 says ?is newspap]1 8t !y %\ld h be5 notifi$ ( ! int5d$ ,f$]al action la/ week1 s t !y c\ld be prep>$ to support ! /ock m>ket1 & t _! unprep>$ness came v ne> br++ on a panic4 ,_h n ! big int]e/s ( ! /reet be5 9 possession ( ! bulk ( securities1 in/ead ( speculators & small hold]s1 !re w\ld h be5 a panic1 ! capitali/s ass]t40 ,x is1 :5 consid]$1 a mode/ claim--! p[]s ( an extra-con/itutional cab9et1 intru/$ ) ! cons]vation ( ! public peace4 ,!re is no pro( t ! claim has be5 conc$$1 ?\gh "s light is ?r[n on ! problem by ! newspap]'s fur!r decl>ation t ! *ief magnate1 aft] an int]view ) ! ,presid5t1 8felt v mu* bett]40 ,some?+ ( ! same nature 0 reveal$ 9 ! negotiations la/ ,m>* betwe5 ! ,mayor ( ,new ,york ,city & ! directors ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railroad ,company4 ,! company reque/$ ! ,mayor to secure ! )drawal ( ! ,wa9wright bill 9 ! ,/ate ,assembly1 compell+ ! railroad to ab&on /eam 9 ! ,p>k ,av5ue tunnel by a fix$ date1 & promis$ to d ! requir$ ?+ 9 its own "t & at its own pleasure4 ,! lett] ( ! ,mayor to ,assemblyman ,b$ell records ! result3 8,?is lett] ( ! directors seems to me to lay a good f\ndation = ! waiv+ a fix$ date to be nam$ 9 ! bill20 & ! date 0 accord+ly 8waiv$40 ,( ! seigniorial attitude t[>d ! police law1 ! abundant crop ( automobile cases alone furni%es signal te/imony4 ,dick5s made a highly dramatic1 ?\gh p]haps r unhi/orical1 use 9 8 8,a ,tale ( ,two ,cities0 ( ! rid+ d[n ( a *ild by a m>quis1 & ! long tra9 ( tragic consequ5ces t ensu$4 ,we d ! ?+ diff]5tly 9 our day3 we acquit1 or at mo/ f9e ! m>quis1 & ! matt] re/s2 we are too def]5tial to c>ry x fur!r4 ,fa/ driv+ 9 ! new 8ma*9es0 has become "o ( ! te/s ( c\rage1 manl9ess1 & skill1--:at j\/+ 9 full armor 0 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 or duell+ ) pi/ols 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5?1--& if ! police law int]f]es1 ! exploit is ! m haz>d\s & !re=e ! m emulatory4 ,! scion ( a great h\se :o rec5tly1 on be+ arre/$ = fa/ driv+ & !n bail$1 subsequ5tly s5t 8 valet to ! police c\rt to pay ! f9e1 %[$ ! true seigniorial _s4 ,possibly1 ?\gh1 _h 8 id5tity be5 kn[n be=e arre/1 he w\ld h escap$ ! irritat+ int]f]5ce ( ! law2 = x happ5$1 ab\t ! same "t1 on ! arre/ = ! same (f5ce ( a millionnaire attorney1 companion$ by a ,supreme ,c\rt judge1 t a too vigilant policeman came to le>n 8 sev]e/ lesson--t to "k :om n to tr\ble is ! bett] "p ( valor4 ,at ,newport1 ! summ] home ( ! seigniorial class1 ! automobile en=ces a "r ( way4 ,?is is n suffici5t1 h[ev]1 = ! automobili/s1 :o w\ld pref] a sole & exclusive way4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aija ! resid5t magnates fix$ ^u a c]ta9 ,friday aft]noon = _! motor races1 & dem&$ exclusive control ( ,ocean1 ,h>rison1 & ,c>roll av5ues betwe5 ! h\rs ( two & f\r o'clock4 ,9 ! 8gr& /yle0 *>act]iz+ ! deal+s ( ?is class ) ! public1 ! magnates (f]$ to pay all ! f9es if ! races l$ to any prosecutions4 ,?is meant1 ( c\rse1 t ! ord9ance prohibit+ a spe$ great] ?an t5 miles an h\r 0 to be ov]look$1 s9ce ! races w\ld surely h develop$ spe$ up to =ty1 fifty1 & sixty miles an h\r4 ,! def]5tial ,city ,c\ncil acquiesc$4 ,= once1 h[ev]1 ! ev] s]viceable injunction 0 f\nd to be available aga9/ o!r p]sons ?an /rik+ workm54 ,a few prop]ty own]s s\ght refuge 9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 a tempor>y injunction 0 issu$ by ,judge ,wilbur1 &1 ?\gh ! magnates hir$ lawy]s to fight x1 ! ord] 0 made p]man5t4 ,x is b natural t ke5 res5tm5t %\ld foll[ ?is high-h&$ action ( ! c\rts4 ,x is ann\nc$ t "s ( ! magnates are tir+ ( ,newport1 & "o ( ! weal?ie/ ( !m has rec5tly ?reat5$ to =sake ! place entirely4 ,laws are l cobwebs1 said ,ana*>sis ! ,scy?ian1 :]e ! small flies are caught & ! great break ?r\gh4 ,yet t ev5 ! great c sometimes b[ to ! reign ( law1 & p>ticul>ly t ! seigniorial m9d c on occasion be conciliatory1 is well illu/rat$ by ! rec5t action ( ! gov]nors ( ! ,automobile ,club1 9 susp5d+ two memb]s & discipl9+ a ?ird1 = fa/ driv+4 ,! tr\blesome re/rictions ( ! law on ?is po9t are probably de/9$1 h[ev]1 to be soon aboli%$4 ,already ! ,bo>d ( ,freehold]s ( ,essex ,c\nty1 ,n4,j41 a region mu* frequ5t$ by automobili/s1 has advanc$ ! spe$ limit 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts to tw5ty miles p] h\r4 ,fur!r *anges are expect$1 & x w probably be b a %ort "t be=e a man ) a 8ma*9e0 w enjoy ! ,god-giv5 "r ( 8do+ :at he w ) 8 own40 ,,iii ,mo/ ( ! magnates %[ a frugal & a discrim9at+ m9d 9 _! b5efactions2 b x is a prodigal m9d inde$ :i* gov]ns ! exp5ditures t make = social o/5tation4 ,x is probable t no ari/ocracy--n ev5 t ( pr(ligate ,rome "u ! lat] ,cs>s--ev] sp5t su* enorm\s sums 9 display4 ,our ari/ocracy1 avoid+ ! ,engli% /&>ds relat+ to p]sons engag$ 9 trade1 welcomes ! indu/rial magnate1 & 8 va/ weal? & love ( o/5tation h set ! pace = lavi% exp5diture4 ,trade is ! dom9ant phase ( ,am]ican life1--! div9e process by :i*1 accord+ to curr5t op9ion1 8! :ole creation moves10--&1 z x has a*iev$ ! conque/ ( mo/ ( our social in/itutions & ( our political p[]s1 t x %\ld also dom9ate 8society0 is b a natural sequ5ce4 ,flaunt+ & g>i% consumption becomes ! basic canon 9 fa%ionable affairs4 ,z ,mr4 ,?or/e9 ,vebl51 9 8 ke5 satire1 8,! ,!ory ( ! ,leisure ,class10 puts x3-- 8,conspicu\s consumption ( valuable goods is a means ( reputability4444 ,z weal? accumulates on 8 ! magnate's h&s1 8 own unaid$ ef=t w n avail suffici5tly to put 8 opul5ce 9 evid5ce by ?is me?od4 ,! aid ( fri5ds & competitors is !re=e br\ght 9 by resort+ to ! giv+ ( valuable pres5ts & exp5sive fea/s & ent]ta9m5ts4 ,pres5ts & fea/s _h probably ano!r orig9 ?an t ( nave o/5tation1 b !y acquir$ _! utility = ! purpose v e>ly1 & !y h reta9$ t "* to ! pres5t40 ,! conspicu\s consumption ( o!r days 01 h[ev]1 z comp>$ ) t ( ! pres5t1 b a flick]+ c&le flame to a great clu/] ( electric lights4 ,aga9/ ! few classic examples1 su* z ^? ( ,cleopatra & ,lucullus1 our pres5t ari/ocracy c %[ hundr$s2 & ! daily spectacle ( wa/eful display might s]ve to make ! e>li] ,syb>ites />e & gasp4 ,pres5t-day fa%ionable ev5ts come to be di/+ui%$ & rememb]$ n s mu* on ! score ( _! p>ticul> features z ( _! co/4 ,a c]ta9 ev5t is kn[n z ,mr4 ,a's #e1jjj breakfa/1 ano!r z ! ,smi?-,jones's #ae1jjj d9n]1 & ano!r z ,mrs4 ,c's #cj1jjj ent]ta9m5t & ball4 ,conspicu\s eat+ becomes also a feature ( seigniorial life4 ,! 8society0 & ! 8yell[0 j\rnals are cr[d$ ) acc\nts ( d9n]s & lun*eons1 foll[+ "o aft] ano!r ) an almo/ incr$ible frequ5cy4 ,& n only is ! frequ5cy rem>kable1 b ! range & quantity ( ! vi&s furni%$ almo/ *all5ge belief4 ,s f>1 x is believ$1 ! j\rnals :i* usually deal 9 t sort ( news h neglect$ to give an au?oritative m5u = a typical day 9 ! life ( a seigniorial family4 ,we h d9n] m5us1 lun*eon m5us1 & s on1 b no?+ 9 ! way ( %[+ :at is consum$ by ! individual or family dur+ a t]m ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,"s light on ! subject1 h[ev]1 is furni%$ by ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,e4 ,russell1 ! tal5t$ au?or ( 8,collections & ,recollections10 9 8 rec5t volume1 8,an ,onlook]'s ,note-book40 ,objection may be made to ! effect t ,mr4 ,russell is an ,engli%man1 & t he is describ+ an ,engli% royal c\ple4 ,b ! demurr] is irrelevant1 s9ce x is well kn[n t our seigniorial class f\nds its practices & its canons 7except+ only ! canon reg>d+ p]sons engag$ 9 trade7 ^u ,engli% prec$5ts1 & t ,engli% prec$5ts are made by ! ,royal ,family4 ,& n only does our home nobility imitate ,engli% models1 b x piles ,pelion ^u ,ossa1 & seeks con/antly to out%9e & ov]do ! actions ( its transatlantic c\s9s4 ,mrs4 ,george ,cornwallis-,we/ 7=m]ly ,lady ,r&olph ,*ur*ill7 rec5tly /at$ t ! va/ sums sp5t by ,am]icans 9 ,engl& h lift$ ! /&>d ( liv+ to a scale ( magnific5ce almo/ unkn[n be=e4 ,s = :atev] is %[n to be ,engli% cu/om1 some?+ mu/ be add$ = ,am]ican improvem5t & ext5sion :5 assum+ its transplantation to ^! %ores4 ,mr4 ,russell writes3-- 8,a royal c\ple arrang$ to pay a two nights' visit to a c\ntry h\se ( :i* ! own]s 7 fri5ds ( m9e4 ,= reasons ( exp$i5cy1 we w call ! visitors ! duke & du*ess1 ?\gh t 0 n _! precise rank4 ,:5 a ?\s& prep>ations too elaborate to be describ$ "h _h be5 made = ! due ent]ta9m5t ( !m & _! suite & _! s]vants1 ! private secret>y wrote to ! lady ( ! h\se1 enclos+ a writt5 memor&um ( 8 royal ma/]'s & mi/ress's requirem5ts 9 ! way ( meals4 ,i reproduce ! sub/ance ( ! memor&um--& 9 ^! matt]s my memory nev] plays tricks4 ,! day began ) cups ( tea br\ght to ! royal b$room4 ,:ile ! duke 0 dress+1 an egg beat5 up 9 %]ry 0 s]v$ to him1 n once1 b twice4 ,! duke & du*ess breakfa/$ toge!r 9 _! private sitt+ room1 :]e ! usual ,engli% breakfa/ 0 s]v$ to !m4 ,!y _h _! lun*eon ) _! ho/s & ! h\se p>ty1 & ate & drank l o!r p4 ,p>ticul> in/ructions 7 giv5 t at #e o'clock tea !re mu/ be some?+ sub/antial 9 ! way ( eggs1 s&wi*es1 or pott$ meat1 & ?is meal ! royal c\ple consum$ ) special gu/o4 ,d9n] 0 at #h4cj1 on ! limit$ & abbreviat$ scale :i* ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales introduc$--two s\ps1 two k9ds ( fi%1 two entres1 a jo9t1 two sorts ( game1 a hot & cold sweet1 & a savory1 ) ! usual accessories 9 ! way ( oy/]s1 *eese1 ice1 & dess]t4 ,?is is pretty well = an abbreviat$ d9n]4 ,b let no "o suppose t ! royal c\ple w5t hungry to b$4 ,:5 !y retir$1 supp] 0 s]v$ to !m 9 _! private sitt+ room1 & a cold *ick5 & a bottle ( cl>et 7 left 9 _! b$room1 z a provision aga9/ em]g5cies40 ,all ! m5 ( great weal? are n m5 ( leisure4 ,"s ( !m "w z h>d z d common labor]s4 ,= su* z ^! ! trem5d\s ga/ronomy rec\nt$ by ,mr4 ,russell w\ld be impossible z a daily ex]cise4 ,:51 !re=e1 x is assum$ ( any ( our seigniorial class1 x mu/ be limit$ to magnates on vacation1 to _! leisurely sons1 nephews1 hang]s-on1 & wom51 & to ^? :o h retir$ f active pursuits4 ,b !re are o!r canons ( social reputability besides p]sonal leisure & p]sonal wa/eful consumption4 ,^! are1 to quote aga9 f ,mr4 ,vebl51 vic>i\s leisure & vic>i\s consumption--! leisure & lavi%ness ( wives1 sons1 & daught]s4 ,x is ^! :o1 9 l>ge "p1 at ,new ,york1 ,l5ox1 & ,newport1 support ! social reputation ( _! seigniorial husb&s & fa!rs4 ,! 8dog p>ties10 :]e9 ! ho/ 8puts on a dog coll> & b>ks = ! delectation ( 8 gue/s10 ! 8vegetable p>ties10 :]e9 ho/ & gue/s1 p]haps f "s lat5t s5se ( inn] lik5ess1 make !mselves up to repres5t cabbage heads & o!r g>d5 products1 ! 8monkey p>ties10 ! v>i\s 8circuses0 & l ev5ts1 are giv5 & p>ticipat$ 9 m g5]ally by ! vic>i\s uphold]s ( ! magnate's social reputation ?an by ! seignior himself4 ,b 9 ways m imm$iate--by means :i* d n conflict ) 8 daily vocation--! work+ magnate gives signal example ( t virtue ( capitali/ic 8ab/95ce0 :i* is ! f\ndation ( or?odox political economy4 ,! spl5dors ( 8 t[n h\se1 8 c\ntry e/ate1 & 8 /eam ya*t1 to say no?+ ( 8 club1 are repeat$ly describ$ to u 9 ! columns ( popul> p]iodicals4 ,8 pa9t+s1 decorations1 & bric--brac1 8 or*ids & roses1 8 blood$ animals & 8 #aj1jjj ,panh>d1 are depict$ 9 t]ms :i* make "o wond] h[ paltry & mean mu/ h be5 ! possessions ( ,midas & h[ b>e ! 8weal? ( ,ormus & ( ,ind40 ,& :51 = a "t1 he lays d[n ! re9s ( p[]1 & betakes himself to ,s>atoga or ,newport or ,monte ,c>lo1 yet m wond]ful acc\nts are giv5 ( 8 lavi% exp5diture4 ,! bett+ at ! ,s>atoga race-tracks la/ ,augu/ is report$ to h av]ag$ #b1jjj1jjj a day4 8,! money does n come10 said t em95t mak] ( books1 ,mr4 ,joe ,ullman1 8f any great plung] or gr\p ( plung]s1 b f ! great assemblage ( ri* m5 :o are will+ to bet f #ajj to #a1jjj on _! *oices 9 a race40 ,on ! transatlantic /eam]s1 9 ,london & 9 ,p>is1 ! same prodigality is se54 ,a k+'s ransom--or :at is m to ! po9t1 ! ransom ( a hundr$ families f a ye>'s suff]+--is lo/ or won 9 an h\r's play or lightly exp5d$ = "s mom5t>y satisfaction4 ,,iv ,!re rema9 = brief m5tion ! b5efactions ( ! magnates4 ,mo/ ( ^! come "u ! head ( 8conspicu\s giv+40 ,gifts = educational1 religi\s1 & o!r public purposes la/ ye> rea*$ ! total ( #ajg1cfj1jjj4 ,9 sep>ate am\nts !y ran all ! way f ! #e1jjj gift ( a soap or lumb] magnate to ! #ac1jjj1jjj t _h _! orig9 9 /eel4 ,x is an int]e/+ li/ = /udy 9 t x reveals m significantly ?an "s ( ! in/ances giv5 ! /&>ds & temp] ( ! seigniorial m9d4 ,an anonym\s writ]1 evid5tly ( ,jacob9ical t5d5cies1 "s "t ago sugge/$ 9 ! columns ( a well-kn[n p]iodical a li/ ( measures = ! support ( :i* ri* m5 might honorably & wisely devote a "p ( _! =tunes3-- 8,he ! ri* man c\ld beg9 by requir+ ! assessors to h& him a true bill ( 8 own obligations to ! public4 ,he c\ld cont9ue ! good "w by p]suad+ ! collector to accept a *eck = ! :ole am\nt4 ,?is w\ld make b a small draft ^u 8 total accumulations4 ,a fur!r consid]able sum he c\ld wisely devote to pay+ ! sal>ies ( honorable lobbyi/s1 :o %\ld labor ) legislative bodies to secure ! enactm5t ( j laws1 :i* w\ld relieve h>d-work+ f>m]s1 /ruggl+ %opkeep]s1 me*anics try+ to pay = mortgag$ h\ses1 & wid[s :o h receiv$ a few ?\s& doll>s ( life insurance money1 f _! pres5t obligation to support ! c\rts1 ! militia1 & o!r organs ( gov]nm5t t protect ! ri* man's prop]ty & enable him to collect 8 bills receivable4 ,f9ally1 if ^! two exp5ditures did n suffici5tly dim9i% 8 surplus1 he c\ld pur*ase newspap]s & pay editors to educate ! public 9 s\nd pr9ciples ( social ju/ice1 z appli$ to taxation & to v>i\s o!r matt]s40 ,p]haps x is n s+ul> t no "p ( ! gifts ( ! great magnates is ev] devot$ to any ( ^! purposes4 ,d\btless !y see no flaw1 or at lea/ no rem$iable defect1 9 ! pres5t indu/rial rgime4 ,x is ! rgime "u :i* !y h ris5 to =tune & p[]1 & x is !re=e ju/ifi$ by its fruits4 ,_! b5efactions are ?us always direct$ to a m or less obvi\s easem5t ( ! conditions ( ^? on :om ! social fabric mo/ heavily re/s4 ,hospitals1 asylums1 & libr>ies are ! objects1 ?\gh rec5tly a ba?+ bea* = poor *ildr5 has be5 add$ to ! li/4 ,! propriety ( secur+ le>n$ ju/ification ( ! exi/+ rgime causes also a consid]able giv+ to s*ools1 colleges1 & *ur*es4 ,b n[h]e c !re be f\nd a seigniorial gift :i*1 directly or indirectly1 makes = modification ( ! prevail+ economic sy/em4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,our ,,f>m]s ,,& ,,wage-,,e>n]s ,! increas+ dep5d5ce ( middleman & petty manufactur] has already be5 consid]$4 ,! same pressure :i* be>s ^u ^! be>s also ^u f>m] & wage-e>n]4 ,! editorials & ! oratory ( election ye>s1 x is true1 supply u ) recurr+ pans ov] ! indep5d5ce1 ! self-reliance & ! prosp]ity ( ^! classes1 & su* graphic tropes z 8! full d9n] pail0 & 8! ov]fl[+ b>n10 become ! p>ty %ibbole?s ( political campaigns4 ,pla9 facts1 h[ev]1 accord b ill ) ?is exultant /ra94 ,i ,9 mo/ ages ! work+ f>m] has be5 ! dupe & prey ( ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,n[ by =ce & n[ by cajol]y1 z social cu/oms & political in/itutions *ange1 he has be5 made to produce ! food by :i* ! race lives1 & ! %>e ( 8 product :i* he has be5 p]mitt$ to keep = himself has always be5 pitifully small4 ,:e!r ,roman slave1 ,franki% s]f1 or ,engli% ville92 :e!r ! s-call$ 8indep5d5t0 f>m] ( a free democracy or ! ryot ( a ,h9du pr9ce1 ! g5]al rule holds good4 ,occasionally1 by "o means or ano!r1 he ga9s "s transitory bett]m5t ( condition2 ! ,plague ( #acdi & ! ,peasants' ,rebellion ( #acha won = 8 class advantages :i* 7 reta9$ dur+ ?ree g5]ations4 ,b 9 ! long run he is ! race's m>tyr4 ,"u a milit>y autocracy 8 exploitation 0 inevitable4 ,!re is no reason = x n[1 = ! lives & well-be+ ( ! re/ ( mank9d are 9 8 h&s3 7 ! work+ f>m]s organiz$ z ! manufactur]s & ! skill$ artisans are organiz$1 & c\ld !y lay by = !mselves a ye>'s necessities1 !y c\ld />ve ! race into submission to _! dem&s4 ,b ! ?+ is n to be2 nor1 inde$1 is any m>k$ *ange to _! advantage likely to happ51 =1 s f> z curr5t t5d5cies po9t1 ! future is to repeat ! pa/4 ,9 our day & 9 our l& bo? =ce & cajol]y conspire to keep ! peasant f>m] securely 9 8 traces4 ,he _c break ?r\gh ! cordon :i* ! tru/s & ! railroads put ab\t him2 & ev5 if he c\ld he w\ld n1 s9ce ! influ5ces %[]$ ^u him are specifically direct$ to ! end ( keep+ him passive & cont5t$4 ,our /ati/icians assure him ( 8 prosp]ity2 our politicians & our m\ld]s ( op9ion w>n him ( ! p]nici\s influ5ce ( unions l ! ,f>m]s' ,alliance1 & fur!r prea* to him ! com=t+ doctr9e t by 8rais+ m corn & less politics0 he w ultimately "w out a blissful salvation4 ,sometimes he mu/ burn 8 corn = fuel2 (t5 he _c sell 8 gra9 = ! co/ ( production1 ev5 ?\gh _m ?\s&s ( p]sons 9 ! great cities may be hung]+ = x2 frequ5tly he _c af=d to s5d 8 *ildr5 to s*ool1 & 9 a /eadily increas+ numb] ( cases he is =c$ to ab&on 8 f>m & become a t5ant or a w&]]4 ,he is puzzl$1 no d\bt1 by ^! ?+s2 b !y are all c>efully & neatly expla9$ to him f ! writ+s & prea*m5ts ( pr(\nd s*ol>s1 z 8natural0 & 8inevitable0 ph5om5a4 ,8 e?ical s5se may be some:at di/urb$ by ! explanations1 b he le>ns t x is useless to prote/1 & he !reupon acquiesces4 ,a sort ( symposium on ! joys ( ! f>m] is to be f\nd 9 ! ,septemb] numb] ( ! ,am]ican ,review ( ,reviews4 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,matson writes ( improv$ conditions due to rural free deliv]y ( mails & a few o!r re=ms2 ,mr4 ,william ,r4 ,drap] dilates ^u ! enorm\s rev5ues :i* h fl[$ to ! f>m]s dur+ ! curr5t ye>1 & ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,c4 ,adams contributes a symphony on ! diffusion ( agricultural prosp]ity4 ,a f\r? article1 by ,mr4 ,cy ,w>man1 furni%es a r discordant note to ! g5]al h>mony1 s9ce x %[s a l>ge & increas+ immigration ( our prosp]\s f>m]s into ,canada4 ,"s #bj1jjj cross$ ! bord] la/ ye>1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,w>man1 :ile dur+ ! fir/ f\r mon?s ( #aijb1 #aa1dhj foll[$1 & indications po9t$ to a total ( #dj1jjj emigrants = ! pres5t ye>4 ,! (ficial figures ( ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t1 s9ce publi%$1 p>tly confirm ^! e/imates4 ,! numb] ( immigrants f ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ye> end$ ,june #cj1 #aijb1 0 #bb1jjj4 ,! numb] = ! curr5t ye> w probably be l>g]1 = accord+ to a ,montreal press despat* ( ,septemb] #ag?3 8,! immigration f ! ,am]ican to ! ,canadian ,nor?we/ has assum$ mu* great] proportions ?is ye> ?an ev] be=e1 & l& sales to ,am]icans are daily report$4 ,! late/ l>ge sale is by ! ,saskat*ewan ,valley ,l& ,company1 :i* has sold #ajj1jjj acres 9 ,saskat*ewan to an ,am]ican syndicate = #ejj1jjj40 8,! ,am]ican f>m]10 s5t5ti\sly & tru?fully rem>ks ,pr(essor ,adams1 8does n ho>d 8 ca%40 ,he gives no reason = ! fact1 & ! det]m9ation mu/ be left to ! read]4 8,! ,am]ican f>m]10 he fur!r rem>ks1 8is1 z a rule1 8 own l&lord40 ,?is /atem5t reveals a v s]i\s misappreh5sion ( ! facts4 ,some?+ m ?an e ?ird f>m 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 accord+ to ! rec5t c5sus1 is op]at$ by a t5ant4 ,moreov]1 ! proportion ( t5ants is con/antly ris+4 ,= ! :ole c\ntry1 t5ants op]at$ #be4e p] c5t ( all f>ms 9 #ahhj1 #bh4d p] c5t 9 #ahij1 & #ce4c p] c5t 9 #aijj4 ,fur!r1 ! t5d5cy is n conf9$ to p>ticul> sections1 b is common to ! :ole c\ntry4 ,dur+ ! la/ decade ! numb] ( t5ant-op]at$ f>ms increas$ relatively to ! :ole numb] ( f>ms 9 e ,/ate & ,t]ritory except ,ma9e1 ,v]mont1 & ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,9 ,ma9e t5antry decreas$ sev5-t5?s ( #a p] c5t1 9 ,new ,hamp%ire five-t5?s ( #a p] c5t1 & 9 ,v]mont "o-t5? ( #a p] c5t4 ,= ! tw5ty-ye> p]iod1 z 0 po9t$ out 9 ,*apt] ,,ii1 ! only exceptions to ! g5]al increase are ,arizona1 ,florida1 & ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,! rec5t c5sus1 out ( its abundant optimism1 does n segregate ^! facts1 & makes no g5]al comm5t o!r ?an t t5antry has increas$ & t sal>i$ managem5t is believ$ to be 8con/antly increas+40 ,! bullet9 on 8,agriculture3 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates0 does n ev5 furni% a g5]al classifi$ summ>y ( ! data on t5antry4 ,b ! sep>ate reports give ! /ati/ics1 & out ( !m ! foll[+ table is compil$3-- ,,increase ,,( ,,f>m ,,t5antry ,,/ates ,,& ,,t]ritories ,,p] ,,c5t ,,( ,,f>ms ,,op]at$ ,,by ,,t5ants ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #ahhj #ahij #aijj #a4 ,alabama #df4h #dh4f #eg4g #b4 ,arizona #ac4b #g4i a4 #h4da b4 #aa4ib #c4 ,arkansas #cj4i #cb4a #de4d #d4 ,cali=nia #ai4h #ag4h #bc4a #e4 ,colorado #ac4j #aa4c #bb4f #f4 ,connecticut #aj4b #aa4e #ab4i #g4 ,delaw>e #db4d #df4i #ej4c #h4 ,di/rict ( ,columbia #ch4b #cf4g #dc4a #i4 ,florida #cj4i #bc4f #bf4e #aj4 ,georgia #dd4i #ec4e #ei4i #aa4 ,idaho #d4g #d4f #h4g #ab4 ,ill9ois #ba4d #bd4j #bi4c #ac4 ,indiana #bc4g #be4d #bh4f #ad4 ,i[a #bc4h #bh4a #cd4i #ae4 ,kansas #af4c #bh4b #cc4b #af4 ,k5tucky #bf4d #bd4i #cb4h #ag4 ,l\isiana #ce4b #dd4d #eh4j #ah4 ,ma9e #d4c #e4d #d4g #ai4 ,m>yl& #ca4j #ca4j #cc4f #bj4 ,massa*usetts #h4b #i4c #i4f #ba4 ,mi*igan #aj4j #ad4j #ae4i #bb4 ,m9nesota #i4b #ab4i #ag4c #bc4 ,mississippi #dc4h #eb4h #fb4d #bd4 ,miss\ri #bg4c #bf4h #cj4e #be4 ,montana #e4c #d4h #i4b #bf4 ,nebraska #ah4j #bd4g #cf4i #bg4 ,nevada #i4g #g4e #aa4d #bh4 ,new ,hamp%ire #h4a #h4j #g4e #bi4 ,new ,j]sey #bd4f #bg4b #cf4i #cj4 ,new ,mexico #h4a #d4e #i4d #ca4 ,new ,york #af4e #bj4b #bc4i #cb4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a #cc4e #cd4a #da4d #cc4 ,nor? ,dakota #c4ic #f4i #h4e #cd4 ,ohio #ai4c #bb4i #bg4e #ce4 ,oklahoma #j4g #ba4j #cf4 ,oregon #ad4a #ab4e #ag4h #cg4 ,p5nsylvania #ba4b #bc4c #bf4j #ch4 ,rhode ,isl& #ai4i #ah4g #bj4a #ci4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a #ej4c #ee4c #fa4j #dj4 ,s\? ,dakota #c4ic #ac4b #ba4h #da4 ,t5nessee #cd4e #cj4h #dj4e #db4 ,texas #cg4f #da4i #di4g #dc4 ,utah #d4f #e4b #h4h #dd4 ,v]mont #ac4d #ad4f #ad4e #de4 ,virg9ia #bi4e #bf4i #cj4g #df4 ,wa%+ton #g4b #h4e #ad4d #dg4 ,we/ ,virg9ia #ai4a #ag4h #ba4h #dh4 ,wiscons9 #i4a #aa4d #ac4e #di4 ,wyom+ #b4h #d4b #g4f ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,footnotes3 #a ,includ+ ,indian f>ms4 #b ,exclud+ ,indian f>ms4 #c ,dakota ,t]ritory4 ,!re 7 #b1jbf1bhf t5ants 9 #aijj1 an increase 9 tw5ty ye>s ( #ig4g p] c5t4 ,!re 7 #c1gac1cga own]s1 "p own]s1 8own]s & t5ants10 & manag]s1 an increase 9 tw5ty ye>s ( #bd4d p] c5t4 ,dur+ ! tw5ty-ye> p]iod own]s 9 ,wa%+ton increas$ less ?an fivefold1 t5ants t5fold4 ,utah %[s a d\bl+ ( ! numb] ( own]s1 & a quadrupl+ ( ! numb] ( t5ants4 ,s\? ,dakota1 comp>$ ) ,dakota ,t]ritory 9 #ahhj1 reveals an increase ( own]s ( two & "o-half times2 ( t5ants1 eighte5 times4 ,!re are #bh1ffi few] own]s 9 ,new ,york ,/ate ?an 9 #ahhj1 & #ad1cca m t5ants4 ,own]%ip has decl9$ & t5antry advanc$1 bo? absolutely & relatively1 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,! great f>m+ ,/ate ( ,ill9ois has #ae1jdd few] own]s & #bc1ded m t5ants ?an 9 #ahhj1 & ev5 ! "y ,t]ritory ( ,oklahoma1 :]e9 "o might expect to f9d evid5ces ( increas$ own]%ip1 reveals1 = ! t5-ye> p]iod1 a two-hundr$-fold increase ( t5antry & only a sixfold increase ( own]%ip4 ,f ! =ego+ table x w be se5 t :ile dur+ ! previ\s decade relative t5antry decl9$ slightly 9 sev]al ,/ates1 ! tide has s9ce turn$4 ,?\gh ! ,s\!rn ,/ates g5]ally %[ ! greate/ proportion ( t5ants1 ! greate/ p]c5tage ( increase is reveal$ 9 ! ,bord]1 ,nor!rn1 & ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,t5ants op]ate #fb4d p] c5t ( all ! f>ms ( ,mississippi1 #fa p] c5t ( ^? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,b :ile ! =m] is a gr[? s9ce #ahhj f #dc4h p] c5t1 & ! latt] f #ej4c p] c5t1 ,oklahoma 7! comp>ison 9 ?is s+le in/ance is ) #ahij7 increas$ ! p]c5tage ( its t5ant-op]at$ f>ms f sev5-t5?s ( #a p] c5t to #ba p] c5t4 ,wa%+ton d\bl$ its p]c5tage1 ,montana & ,utah v ne>ly s4 ,ne>ly "o-?ird ( ! f>ms ( ,new ,j]sey are t5ant f>ms1 & m ?an "o-?ird ( ^? ( ,kansas & ,nebraska4 ,ea* ( ^! ?ree ,/ates d\bl$ its relative p]c5tage ( t5ant f>m]s = ! tw5ty-ye> p]iod4 ,ev5 9 ,new ,york ! proportion has gr[n s9ce #ahhj f #af4e to #bc4i p] c5t4 ,z m>k$ z is ! %[+1 ! :ole situation is n reveal$ by ! figures1 = ! t]m 8own]s0 9 ! reports includes 8f>ms op]at$ by individuals :o own a "p ( ! l& & r5t ! rema9d] f o!rs10 & 8f>ms op]at$ "u ! jo9t direction & by ! unit$ labor ( two or m individuals1 "o own+ ! f>m or a "p ( x1 & ! o!r or o!rs own+ no "p b receiv+ = sup]vision or labor a %>e ( ! products40 ,?is rem>kable gr[? ( t5antry w\ld be consid]$1 9 any o!r ?an our own complac5t days1 z an al>m+1 ev5 an appall+ fact4 ,s bli!ly & = s long a "t h ! *anges be5 rung ^u ! alleg$ fact ( indep5d5t own]%ip t ev]ybody1 includ+ pr(essors ( political economy1 assumes its tru?4 ,b ev5 :5 its baselessness is cle>ly %[n we %all he> little ( an al>mi/ nature f our publici/s & tea*]s4 ,r x may be expect$ t _! pron\ncem5ts w *ange ) ! *ang+ times1 & t we %all soon he> reit]at$ gratulations on ! developm5t ( t5antry4 ,is n ! humble t5ant's security great]1 are n 8 tr\bles less8 ,ne$ he worry ov] taxes1 =eclosures1 & ! l8 ,n at all2 & besides--n ! lea/ ( consid]ations to our pat]nali/ic m\ld]s ( op9ion--!re is mu* reason = satisfaction 9 ! fact t1 hav+ no l& to mortgage1 he w n be l$ into wildly prodigal habits ( life by a too ready rec\rse to ! money-l5d]4 ,consid]+ ! gr[? ( t5antry1 ! increas+ migration to ,canada1 ! flock+ ( rural resid5ts into ! cities1 & ! frequ5t outright ab&onm5t ( f>ms 9 sev]al sections ( ! c\ntry1 ! unsophi/icat$ onlook] may naturally wond] at ! tales ( agricultural prosp]ity :i* f "t to "t appe> 9 public pr9t4 ,mr4 ,drap]1 9 ! article previ\sly m5tion$1 speculates some:at +5i\sly ov] ! f9ancial returns due ! f>m] = 8 crop = ! pres5t ye>4 ,! figures are c]ta9ly impos+ :5 look$ at z totals4 ,! :eat crop w sum up #gjj1ejj1jjj bu%els1 & ea* bu%el w sell = #fj c5ts1 mak+ ! net value #ehj1ajj1jjj--;a r curi\s result1 by ! way1 n obta9able by any ( ! ord9>y processes ( ma!matics4 ,! corn crop is to br+ #ggf1ihe1cjj1 & ! rema9+ crops foll[1 ) l>ge values atta*$4 ,b r$uc$ to individual e>n+s1 values ( f>m products 7accord+ to ! c5sus1 products o!r ?an ^? f$ to live /ock7 reveal a r meagre diffusion ( prosp]ity4 ,( ! #e1gci1feg f>ms 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #a1cai1hef are li/$ 9 ! c5sus z hay & gra9 f>ms1 = ! reason t hay & gra9 comprise #dj p] c5t ( _! total products4 ,! av]age size ( ^! hay & gra9 f>ms is #aei4c acres1 & ! av]age value ( ?is product p] acre 9 #ahii 0 #d4gg4 ,! numb] ( miscellane\s f>ms is #a1jei1daf1 ) an av]age acreage ( #ajf4h1 & a product value ( #d4ab4 ,live-/ock f>ms numb] #a1efd1gad1 ) an av]age acreage ( #bbf4i & a product value ( #c4dg4 ,?us ! av]age productive yield ( #gj p] c5t ( all ! f>ms & #hj p] c5t ( all ! f>m l& 9 ! nation ranges f #c4dg to #d4gg p] acre4 ,fl[]s & plants1 x may be not$ = comp>ison1 yield ! com=table return ( #dca4hc p] acre2 b _! effect on ! g5]al c5sus is b slight1 s9ce ! av]age product value ( all f>ms is b #d4dg p] acre4 ,b let no "o suppose t all ?is munific5t sum goes to ! f>m]4 ,he pays #dc c5ts p] acre = labor & ne>ly #g c5ts p] acre = f]tiliz]s4 ,! net income is ?us #c4ig p] acre4 ,! size ( f>ms is increas+1 ?\gh actual agriculture is probably conf9$ to small] hold+s4 ,! av]age 0 #acf4e acres 9 #ahij2 x is n[ #adf4f acres4 ,! t5d5cy v>ies 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,nebraska increases h] av]age f #aij4a acres 9 #ahij to #bdf4a acres 9 #aijj4 ,kansas %[s almo/ id5tical figures1 :ile ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates %[ little *ange1 & ! ,s\!rn ,/ates g5]ally %[ r$uc$ av]ages4 ,! relation ( size ( f>m to k9d ( t5ure is1 h[ev]1 ! ma9 po9t1 & "h "o discov]s matt] = reflection4 ,f>ms op]at$ by ca% t5ants h #ajb4g acres apiece1 by own]s #acd4a1 by manag]s #aead4c4 ,! gr[? ( manorial e/ates is dimly reveal$ 9 ^! figures1 & !re is no ne$ to d\bt ! c5sus bullet9's res]v$ admission t f>ms op]at$ by manag]s are believ$ to be con/antly increas+4 ,! subject ( ! *ang+ /atus ( ! f>m]--a *ange :i* involves 8 ultimate r$uction to a sixte5?-c5tury level--is too l>ge to receive adequate treatm5t 9 ^! pages4 ,by all consid]ations x des]ves ! space ( a g5]\s volume4 ,= pres5t purposes !re rema9s to be said t ev5 :]e app>5t own]%ip is reta9$ by ! work+ f>m]1 effective own]%ip is det]m9$ 9 o!r qu>t]s4 ,he is ! jo9t t5ant ( ! f>m implem5t tru/s1 ( ! new h>ve/] tru/1 ( ! produce tru/s :i* fix ! value ( 8 products1 ( ! railroad tru/s :i* fix ! rate ( transportation to ! m>ket1 & 9 ! arid ,we/ ( ! wat] tru/s4 ,?us1 ev5 ?\gh he boa/s ! possession ( a title-de$ to 8 l&1 ! hold+ is 9 reality ( ! nature ( a fief1 held at ! m]cy ( sev]al sup]iors2 & ! ti!s :i* he pays1 ?\gh less =mally levi$ & exact$ ?an 7 ! r$evances ( ! m$ival peasant1 are z _m & well-nigh z burd5some4 ,& he mu/ pay or g2 = !re is no remission f 8 sup]iors1 z 9 old5 days1 on acc\nt ( dr\?1 floods1 locu/s1 or murra94 ,,ii ,) ! decl9e ( ! petty trades1 ! gr[? ( ! comb9ations1 & ! conc5tration 9 few] h&s ( ! ma*9]y ( production1 ! subord9ation ( ! wage-e>n] becomes m c]ta9 & m fix$4 ,if ev] he 7 a free ag5t1--9 ! s5se & to ! degree t any "o 9 human society c be free1--! day is pass$4 ,?r\gh ag5cies con/antly augm5t+ & ext5d+1 he is 8cab9'd1 cribb'd1 conf9'd1 b\nd 910 to a n>r[+ circle ( possible ef=ts4 ,divorc$ f ! l& & f ! tools ( production1 he c live only by accept+ su* wages & conditions z are (f]$ him2 & ! t]ms are always su* t ! k]nel ( 8 product goes to "s o!r man1 :ile ! husks & ! t>es rema9 8 own portion4 ,! patroniz+ orators ( ,labor ,day & ( campaign times sometimes delight to symbolize him z a /urdy ,gulliv]1 ?\gh x ne$s little reflection to see t x is ! ,gulliv] ( ,brobd+nag1 & n t ( ,lilliput1 t m correctly figures 8 pres5t /atus4 ,! mass ( curr5t t5d5cies t5ds to fix him z a dep5d5t--a unit ( a l[] ord] 9 a s]ies ( gradations runn+ up to ! ,big ,m54 8,! corporation10 writes ,mr4 ,ri*mond1#d 8holds ( ! ,/ate1 & its (fic]s hold ( ! corporation1 & _! reta9]s1 manag]s1 & s]vants all hold ! t5ure ( _! employm5t f _! sup]iors 9 (fice1 f ! highe/ to ! l[e/40 ,b :e!r corporation1 or p>tn]%ip1 or individual1 employs ! labor]'s s]vices1 8 /atus is practically ! same4 ,trade-unions & o!r labor societies t5d to modify t dep5d5ce2 & occasionally social legislation1 :5 x runs ! fi]ce gantlet ( ! c\rts1 ex]ts a fur!r modification4 ,b x is com+ to be recogniz$ t !re is a limit1 p]haps n[ ne>ly atta9$1 beyond :i* ! labor societies c ex]t no influ5ce2 & z = social legislation1 z w be %[n f>!r along1 x has c]ta9ly rea*$ its culm9ation4 ,to ! natural causes mak+ = ! labor]'s subord9ation h be5 add$ 9 rec5t ye>s c]ta9 consci\s & delib]ate =ces4 ,!re is a collective pressure br\ght to be> ^u 8 wages2 !re is a collective antagonism ma9ta9$ aga9/ 8 unions2 !re is a gr[+ movem5t 9 ! direction ( hold+ him = ! t]m ( 8 pr(itable s]vice to ! company or corporation by :i* he is employ$1 & !re is a judicial t5d5cy to pret5d /ill to reg>d him1 despite 8 *ang+ /atus1 z an economically free ag5t1 able to d :at he wills1 & to protect himself f all inju/ice4 ,,iii ,! assurance ( ville9 fidelity is a prime ne$ ( a feudal ord]4 ,! fidelity ne$ n be p]sonal1 z 9 ! old days2 in/ead1 ! alt]$ c]emony ( 8homage0 may take 9 :ole regim5ts by a s+le rite4 ,rec5t acts ( ! great employ]s make /rongly = creat+ inducem5ts = ?is fidelity4 ,9 spite ( in/ances ( conduct l t ( ! coal magnates ( ,p5nsylvania1 !re is a gr[+ t5d5cy to unite = life-long s]vice ! c>e]s ( ! m fai?ful work]s ) ! corporations by :om !y are employ$4 8,model work%ops10 & ev5 8model villages10 are unque/ionably increas+ 9 numb]s4 ,_! "* is almo/ pure pat]nalism--8enlight5$ absolutism10 ,pr(essor ,ely calls x4 ,r>ely h ! work]s !mselves ! slighte/ ^w to say z to _! con/ruction or conduct4 ,:at is ?\ght to be good = !m1 :at is ?\ght w w9 _! devotion1 is giv5 !m4 ,:e!r at ,pullman1 ,ill41 at ,dayton or ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 or at ,pelz]1 ,s4,c41 ! g5]al _s manife/$ is ! same4 ,! p]f]vid *apt] on 8,am]ican ,lib]ality to ,workm510 :i* ,mr4 ,ni*olas ,pa9e ,gilman gives u 9 8 volume1 8,a ,divid5d to ,labor10 conta9s doz5s ( in/ances :]e9 employ]s h indulg$ _! b5evol5ce by ! gift ( fl[]-pots1 wa%-bas9s1 & o!r cultural p>aph]nalia to _! employees4 ,mr4 ,victor ,h4 ,olm/$1 9 ! ,bullet9 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor = ,novemb]1 #aijj1 gives ano!r1 ?\gh some:at duplicat$1 li/2 & ! ,rev4 ,josiah ,/rong's mon?ly j\rnal1 ,social ,s]vice1 furni%es a curr5t record ( su* b5evol5ces4 ,! provid5ces ( ! ,colorado ,fuel & ,iron ,company alone make a rem>kable %[+4 ,?is corporation has ev5 a 8sociological dep>tm5t10 & x is at pres5t build+ a #aj1jjj mission at ,bessem]1 ne> ,pueblo4 ,! plan ( ! mission1 we read1 is to h a refuge1 ) all mod]n improvem5ts1 = 8float]s10 or ! unemploy$4 ,^! wayf>]s may make a tempor>y liv+ by work+ 9 an atta*$ woody>d4 ,9 all its camps 9 ,colorado ?is company has e/abli%$ k9d]g>t5s1 libr>ies1 &1 9 remote places1 grade s*ools = ! *ildr5 ( its employees4 ,its hospital at ! ,pueblo works is said to be ! be/ equipp$ 9 ! ,we/4 8,x is ! ann\nc$ purpose ( ?is corporation10 we read1 8to solve ! social problem40 ,model work%ops & ! di/ribution ( relief are b a small "p ( ! t5d5cy4 ,! giv+ ( old-age p5sions1 p>ticul>ly by railroad companies1 has rec5tly tak5 on ! dim5sions ( a national movem5t4 ,! p5sion sy/em is n a conspicu\sly exp5sive "o1 = ! numb]s ( workm5 :o live long en\gh to avail !mselves ( its b5efits are b scant4 ,! sums paid out = p5sions by ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad ,relief ,dep>tm5t 9 eighte5 ye>s av]age #ca1ahe4he ye>ly--ab\t ! sal>y ( a fir/ vice-presid5t--& ! employees !mselves h borne a consid]able "p ( ! exp5se4 ,a total ( #fig p5sions has be5 grant$ dur+ ?is "t1 b #cfe ( ! b5efici>ies h consid]ately di$1 & ?us r$uc$ ! exp5ses4 ,! p5sion sy/em z x obta9s among railroads is m or less an outgr[? ( ! relief association begun by ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad ,company on ,may #a1 #ahhj4 ,prototypes c possibly be f\nd1 b ?is in/ance is ! fir/ ( any consequ5ce4 ,! ,/ate ( ,m>yl& revok$ ! *>t] ( ! association 9 #ahhh4 ,?is 0 an emb>rass+ int]ruption1 b by no means a fatal "o1 = ! society 0 imm$iately reorganiz$ z a dep>tm5t ( ! company4 ,! plan 0 to pay accid5t1 sick1 & dea? b5efits & old-age p5sions1 ! company contribut+ #cc1ejj ye>ly1 & ! employees pay+ mon?ly dues bas$ on _! wages4 ,section #ajj ( ! regulations = #ahhi decl>es t 8! fund = ! paym5t ( p5sions w be d]iv$ :olly f ! contributions ( ! company10 a *ange f ! e>li] me?od 9 ! direction ( pure pat]nalism4 ,! usual age = p5sion+ is sixty-five ye>s1 & ! presid5t & directors det]m9e ! roll4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,volunt>y ,relief ,dep>tm5t 0 begun 9 #ahhf4 ,9 a numb] ( respects x foll[$ ! details ( ! e>li] association4 ,z to p5sions1 h[ev]1 x put ! matt] =w>d by arrang+ = ! gradual gr[? ( a sup]annuation fund out ( ! dep>tm5t's surplus4 ,!re 7 six companies1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,william ,frankl9 ,will\ghby's 8,work+m5's ,insurance10 t be=e #ahih _h creat$ regul> insurance dep>tm5ts4 ,^! 7 ! ,baltimore & ,ohio1 ! ,p5nsylvania1 ! ,p5nsylvania we/ ( ,pittsburg1 ! ,*icago1 ,burl+ton1 & ,qu9cy1 ! ,philadelphia & ,read+1 & ! ,plant ,sy/em4 ,?\gh 9 two or ?ree in/ances ! plans h be5 alt]$1 all ^! companies f\nd$ _! p5sion sy/ems on employees' contributions4 ,! ,p5nsylvania's fund rea*$ ! figure set = x ,janu>y #a1 #aijj1 & ! p5sion sy/em 0 proclaim$4 ,on ! fir/ day ( #aija ! ,*icago & ,nor?we/]n put 9 op]ation a gratuit\s p5sion sy/em1 appropriat+ #bjj1jjj = ! purpose4 ,! b5efici>ies1 all ( :om mu/ h be5 ?irty ye>s ) ! company1 7 divid$ into two classes3 fir/1 ^? sev5ty ye>s old1 :o 7 to be retir$ & p5sion$ at once2 & second1 ^? f sixty-five to sixty-n9e ye>s inclusive1 :o 7 to be retir$ & p5sion$ at ! discretion ( ! p5sion bo>d4 ,! rate fix$ is "o p] c5t p] ye> ( s]vice ( ! av]age mon?ly pay = ! prec$+ t5 ye>s4 ,an employee ^: av]age wages 7 #ee p] mon?1 & :o _h be5 ) ! company = ?irty ye>s1 w\ld ?us receive #af4ej a mon?4 ,! ,ill9ois ,c5tral proclaim$ its p5sion sy/em ,july #a1 #aija4 ,on ,m>* #a1 #aijb1 ! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna1 & ,we/]n took ! same c\rse1 appropriat+ #ej1jjj4 ,! t]ms are some:at m lib]al1 9 t only tw5ty-five ye>s' s]vice is requir$1 & t "s employees may be retir$ betwe5 ! ages ( sixty & sixty-five4 ,! ,metropolitan ,/reet ,railway ,company foll[$ on ,m>* #f?1 & ! ,philadelphia & ,read+ ,company on ,may #ba4 ,! details1 :ile v>y+ some:at1 are 9 ! ma9 alike = all ( ^! companies4 ,?\gh ! exp]im5t is a comp>atively frugal "o1 !re is no d\bt t x br+s comp5satory returns2 = x s]ves to keep quiesc5t & fai?ful l>ge bodies ( m51 & p]haps to loos5 ! bonds ( ! labor-union4 ,x holds 9 s]vicem5 above ?irty-five or =ty-five ye>s ( age1 = !y "k ! difficulty ( secur+ "w else:]e2 & x fe$s !m ) a m or less illusory hope ( an ultimate p5sion4 ,inde$1 ! motive ( induc+ a clos] dep5d5ce ( ! labor] ^u ! employ] is m or less frankly confess$4 8,"u x0 7! p5sion sy/em71 reads ! ,lackawanna's adv]tisem5t to ! public1 8! road & its employees are to be m closely knit by sub/antial ties40 ,! presid5t ( ! ,metropolitan ,/reet ,railway ,company1 h[ev]1 s\nds a m altrui/ic & b5evol5t note4 8,my object 9 e/abli%+ ?is dep>tm5t10 he is quot$ z say+1 8is to pres]ve ! future welf>e ( ag$ & infirm employees & to recognize effici5t & loyal s]vice40 ,despite su* b5evol5t pr(essions !re are grave gr\nds = scepticism reg>d+ ! tangible b5efit ( ! sy/em to ! employees4 ,if ,hope l+]s ) !m1 x mu/ be because1 z ,mr4 ,william ,watson s+s1 8airie/ *e] suffices = h] food40 ,= bo? ! asc]ta9$ results ( an eighte5 ye>s' op]ation ( ! sy/em1 & a mom5t's glance at conditions surr\nd+ ! new applications ( x1 po9t to a mo/ rigor\s limitation ( its b5efits4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is a gr[+ dis9cl9ation to employ 9 any indu/ry m5 pa/ =ty-five ye>s ( age4 ,! new regulations ( ! ,philadelphia & ,read+ r$uce ev5 ?is limit t5 ye>s1 prohibit+ ! tak+ on ( employees pa/ ?irty-five ye>s ( age1 except by ! approval ( ! bo>d ( directors ( ! company1 al?\gh 9 special cases :]e unusual qualifications are desir$ ! age limit may be waiv$4 ,s g5]al is ?is attitude ( employ]s t ! ,*icago ,f$]ation ( ,labor 0 rec5tly mov$ to ! pass+ ( a resolution propos+ t 8e unemploy$ man =ty-five ye>s ( age :o _c %[ :at ! *>ity au?orities call #8visible means ( support' %all be m]cifully %ot 9 a lawful & ord]ly mann]40 ,moreov]1 ! *ances ( a railroad employee rea*+ ! age ( sixty-five or sev5ty ye>s are ab\t equal to ! *ances ( w9n+ a l>ge sum at policy4 ,dis*>ges are frequ5t & arbitr>y1 & usually !re is no appeal4 ,aside f ?is1 ! casualties are enorm\s4 ,( ! #aia1aih railroad work]s class$ z tra9m5 employ$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry 9 #aijj1 #acif 7or "o 9 e #ach7 7 kill$1 & #ag1ega 7or "o 9 e #aj4h7 injur$4 ,! correct$ figures = #aija 7giv5 to ! public 9 ,augu/ ( ! pres5t ye>7 %[ ab\t ! same p]c5tages4 ,( ! #bji1jdc tra9m51 #aecg 7or "o 9 e #acf7 7 kill$1 & #af1gae 7or "o 9 e #ab4e7 7 injur$4 ,?anks to ! new safety appliances1 casualties caus$ by c\pl+ & unc\pl+ c>s decl9$ by #hd kill$ & #bdfa injur$2 b 9 o!r classes ( accid5ts ! p]c5tages br\ght ! av]ages to ne> ! previ\s figures4 ,at be/1 ! *ances ( maim+ or dea? con/antly increase ) e "o ( ! tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s' s]vice requir$ = ! e>n+ ( a p5sion4 ,9 ! ,metropolitan 7n[ ,int]urban7 ,/reet ,railway s]vice1 :]e accid5ts are few b dis*>ges _m1 ! b5evol5t in/9cts ( ! presid5t w prove difficult ( realization4 ,?is (ficial admitt$ t dis*>ges _h at "o "t rea*$ an av]age ( #cjj a mon?4 ,an employee in=m$ ! au?or t he knew ( b two or ?ree m5 9 ! entire s]vice :om ! publi%$ t]ms entitl$ to p5sions1 :ile ano!r employee conc$$ a possible doz54 ,,iv ,! new ,feudalism evid5tly requires a temp]+--let u say1 a cons]vative adju/m5t--( ! wage-scale4 ,^? :om ! gods d[] ) pl5ty may = ! pres5t give freely ( _! /ore1 :ile ^? :o feel ! p>simony ( ,provid5ce mu/ )hold4 ,! rec5t increase ( #aj p] c5t 9 wages giv5 by ! /eel corporation1 & ! refusal ( ! an?racite magnates to increase ! av]age1 accord+ to ! ,p5nsylvania ,bureau ( ,m9es1 ( #gi-a_/b c5ts a day :i* _! op]atives n[ receive1 are b examples ( ! contra/s :i* may be expect$ dur+ ! transition p]iod4 ,! collective feudal policy w avoid bo? extremes4 ,x w pay some?+ bett] ?an t :i* bre$s discont5t1 some?+ less ?an t :i* bre$s luxury & pride4 ,x w provide n exactly :at ! work]s desire1 b :at is good = !m4 ,already ! m or less collective pressure ^u ! wage-scale %[s its effects4 ,hon4 ,c>roll ,d4 ,wright's #bej wage-quotations = #be select$ occupations 7,bullet9 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor1 ,septemb]1 #ahih7 reveal = ! ye>s #ahie-ih a /eady decl9e f ! wages paid 9 ! panic ye>s1 #ahic-id1 to ab\t ! same wages z 7 paid 9 #ahhb4 ,! figures 9 ! ,bullet9 = ,septemb]1 #aijj1 p]ta9 to #adh e/abli%m5ts1 repres5t+ #bf indu/ries & #aib occupations4 ,!y %[ a slight increase = #ahii & ano!r = #aijj4 ,?is slight increase1 h[ev]1 is resolv$ into a m>k$ decrease by ! rise 9 ! price ( commodities necess>y = ! av]age life4 ,f ,july1 #ahig1 to ,july1 #aija1 accord+ to ! c>eful index-figures publi%$ 9 ,dun's ,review1 ! price ( commodities advanc$ #bg p] c5t2 & f ,july #a to ,decemb] #a1 ( ! latt] ye>1 an almo/ /eady advance 0 record$4 ,comp>+ ,janu>y #a1 #ahif1 ) ,janu>y #a1 #aijb1 ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal f9ds an increase ( #cf p] c5t4 ,! wage-quotations us$ by ,col4 ,wright 9 8 table ( #ahih are f ! l>g] cities1 & p]ta9 to trades ! workm5 9 :i* are organiz$4 ,"h1 if any:]e1 "o w\ld expect evid5ces ( increas$ wages4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ! figures = #ahig-ih %[ a p>ity ) ! figures = #ahha-hb4 ,compositors1 = in/ance1 receiv$ #b4ha-a_/b daily 9 #ahih1 #b4ha 9 #ahhb4 ,c>p5t]s receiv$ #b4eb-c_/d 9 #ahih1 #b4ee 9 #ahhb4 ,(t5 ! figures = ! latt] ye> %[ a consid]able decl9e2 b ! av]ages are ma9ta9$ ?r\gh ! advances ga9$ by ^? afflu5t me*anics1 ! plumb]s2 by ! /one-cutt]s1 & by ! bett]-paid wage-e>n]s ( ! railroads1--conductors1 eng9e]s1 & firem54 ,) ! increase ( railroad traffic ! h\rs ( labor h be5 ext5d$2 & ! increase ( wages foll[s1 at lea/ = ! eng9e]s & firem51 z a consequ5ce ( long] h\rs4 ,z = ! common labor]1 he is be+ left beh9d 9 ! race4 ,8 wages 7 less 9 #ahih ?an 9 #ahhb 9 six ( ! t5 cites quot$1 & 9 f\r ( !m !re 0 no *ange4 ,all wage-/ati/ics are que/ionable1 & p>ticul>ly ! m g5]aliz$ wage-/atem5ts :i* proce$ f ,wa%+ton1 dur+ ! fall mon?s ( election ye>s4 ,a look into ! figures !mselves is usually fatal to ! optimism voic$ 9 ! g5]alizations4 ,f o!r s\rces ! conflict ( figures is puzzl+ & irritat+4 ,x may be %[n by selections f ^! t wages are ris+1 t !y are fall+1 or t !y are /ation>y4 ,!re is always a disp>ity betwe5 ! figures ( ! ,/ate bureaus1 ! ,national bureau1 & ! c5sus1 & usually x is a disp>ity t _c be h>moniz$4 ,! national c5sus figures ought to be1 z mo/ p]sons w decl>e1 a suffici5tly correct guide4 ,accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 ! numb] ( wage-e>n]s 9 manufactur+ pursuits has increas$ 9 t5 ye>s #be4b p] c5t1 wages h increas$ #bc4b p] c5t4 ,despite ! ackn[l$g$ increase 9 ! c\ntry's weal?1 wages1 if ! c5sus is correct1 h decl9$4 ,x is (ficially expla9$1 h[ev]1 t ^! figures are n to be tak5 too lit]ally4 ,! s*$ules = #ahij includ$ among wage-e>n]s1 8ov]se]s1 =em51 & c]ta9 sup]9t5d5ts 7n g5]al sup]9t5d5ts or manag]s71 :ile ! c5sus ( #aijj sep>ates f ! wage-e>n+ class su* sal>i$ employees z g5]al sup]9t5d5ts1 cl]ks1 & salesm540 8,x is possible & probable10 says ea* ( ! reports on manufactures1 8t ?is *ange 9 ! =m ( ! "q has result$ 9 elim9at+ f ! wage-e>n]s1 z report$ by ! pres5t c5sus1 _m high-sal>i$ employees includ$ 9 t gr\p = ! c5sus ( #ahij40 ,possibly & probably4 ,b aside f ! fact t ! elim9ation ( ! comp>atively few ov]se]s & =em51 ) _! some:at high] sal>ies1 c\ld make b slight influ5ce on av]ages 9 ! trem5d\s total ( #e1cba1jhg wage-e>n]s1 ) #b1ccj1bge1jba ( wages1 !re is ano!r po9t or two to consid]4 ,accord+ to ,"p ,i 7page #ad et seq47 ( ! ,report ( ,manufactur+ ,indu/ries = ! c5sus ( #ahij1 x appe>s t wages und]w5t a consid]able inflation 9 t record4 ,! que/ions ask$ 9 #ahhj1 x w\ld appe>1 result$ 9 report+ m wage-e>n]s ?an !re really 74 ,! que/ions = #ahij1 x is decl>$1 produc$ ! real numb]4 ,x is fur!r /at$ t 8! que/ions = #ahij also t5d$ to obta9 a l>ge am\nt ( wages z comp>$ ) #ahhj40 ,x w\ld seem s1 inde$1 ev5 to a neophyte 9 ! +5i\s art ( figur+2 = :ile ! wage-increase ( ! decade #ahgj-hj c\ld %[ b #bb4b p] c5t1 t = ! foll[+ decade reveal$ ! a/oni%+ figure ( a fraction less ?an #ajj p] c5t4 ,:51 !re=e1 "o seeks to comp>e ! av]ages ( #ahij ) ^? ( #aijj he may n unreasonably inf] t ! elim9ation ( ov]se]s & =em5 9 ! lat] c5sus is no m ?an a set-(f to ! ample g5]osity giv5 to ! wage-figures 9 ! e>li] c5sus4 ,!re is no tell+ = a c]ta9ty1 b x is n unlikely t ! pres5t c5sus figures give a result approximately ne> ! tru?4 ,x is n an extravagant hope t "s day we %all h two successive c5suses c>ri$ out on id5tical s*$ules1 s t comp>isons may be accurately made betwe5 two decades4 ,z x is1 we mu/ take :at ! p[]s give u1 & be ?ankful4 ,we mu/ take x on tru/1 moreov]1 = !re is no go+ beh9d ! returns2 & any capti\s que/ion+ ( ! figures c be met only 9 ! _s ) :i* ,telema*us answ]$ ! fair ,hel5's inquiry if he 7 a true son ( ,ulysses4 ,x is a matt] ( fai?--!re is no pro(4 ,9 ! fai?1 !n1 t !re is reasonable accuracy 9 ! reports1 & a reasonable basis ( comp>ison ) previ\s reports1 x is int]e/+ to note :at is reveal$4 ,fir/ 9 po9t ( int]e/ is ! relation ( ! value ( ! manufactur$ product to ! am\nt ( wages paid4 ,a comp>ison w %[ :e!r labor is receiv+ an increas+ or decreas+ %>e ( ! weal? creat$4 ,! c5sus totals "u ! =m] head+ are confess$ly crude1 s9ce 8a con/ant duplication ( products appe>s1 444 ow+ to ! fact t ! f9i%$ products ( _m manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts become ! mat]ials ( o!r e/abli%m5ts1 9 :i* !y are fur!r utiliz$ & aga9 includ$ 9 ! value ( products40 ,! new c5sus has !re=e made a sep>ate classification ( mat]ials pur*as$ 9 a p>tially manufactur$ =m4 ,nev]!less1 ! gross total1 includ+ products f bo? raw mat]ials & p>tly manufactur$ products1 is rea*$ by ! same means z 7 employ$ 9 previ\s c5suses1 & is !re=e comp>able ) ! gross totals ( previ\s decades4 ,:atev] ! duplications1 !y are simil> to ^? ( prec$+ reports4 ,!re are n9ete5 ,/ates :]e9 ! av]age numb] ( wage-e>n]s 9 manufactur+ pursuits con/itutes m ?an #f p] c5t ( ! population4 ,rhode ,isl& heads ! li/ ) #bb4e p] c5t4 ,x is foll[$ by ,connecticut ) #ai4e2 ,massa*usetts1 #ag4g2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 #ag4a2 ,new ,j]sey1 #ab4h2 ,delaw>e1 #ab2 ,new ,york1 #aa4g2 ,p5nsylvania1 #aa4f2 ,ma9e1 #aj4h2 ,m>yl&1 #i4a2 ,v]mont1 #h4f2 ,ohio1 #h4c2 ,ill9ois1 #h4b2 ,florida1 #g2 ,wiscons91 #f4i2 ,mi*igan1 #f4g2 ,wa%+ton1 #f4f2 ,indiana1 #f4b2 ,cali=nia1 #f4a4 ,9 ea* ( ^! ,/ates ! value ( ! manufactur$ product has increas$1 ,florida lead+ ) a ga9 ( #aji4f p] c5t2 ,wa%+ton foll[+ ) #ajg4h p] c5t2 ,new ,j]sey ) #gb4e2 ,indiana1 #ff4g2 ,v]mont1 #ej4d2 ,wiscons91 #de4b1 & s on1 ,massa*usetts %[+ ! slighte/ increase1 #af4f p] c5t4 ,! value ( ! manufactur$ product is ( c\rse affect$ by ! two items1 co/ ( mat]ial & miscellane\s exp5ses1 ?\gh 9 turn ^! are almo/ inv>iably reflect$ to "s ext5t 9 ! increase or decrease ( ! value ( ! product4 ,:5 8 mat]ial & 8 exp5ses increase1 ! manufactur]1 if he c1 puts up ! price ( 8 product4 ,x w\ld be :olly impossible to f9d a ratio1 = ! figures %[ an a/oni%+ v>iety4 ,9 ,massa*usetts1 = in/ance1--t classic ,/ate = ! obs]vation & /udy ( indu/rial ph5om5a1 ! ,/ate :]e9 /ati/ics are ga!r$ ) "s approa* to accuracy1--! increase ( miscellane\s exp5ses is put at #af4a p] c5t2 ( co/ ( mat]ial1 at #af4h p] c5t2 ( value ( product1 #af4f p] c5t4 ,b aga9/ ?is reasonable %[+ ,new ,york confesses to an increase ( #ha4h p] c5t 9 miscellane\s exp5ses1 ) an increas$ product ( b #bg4a p] c5t4 ,miscellane\s exp5ses increas$ #aca p] c5t 9 ,new ,j]sey1 :ile ! product increas$ b #gb4e p] c5t1 & ,p5nsylvania & ,indiana foll[ h>d 9 ! tracks ( ! two =m] ,/ates4 ,p]haps a key to ! my/]y is furni%$ 9 ! enorm\s increase ( miscellane\s exp5ses 9 c]ta9 indu/ries :i* require favorable legislation4 ,gas1 = in/ance1 :i* is g5]ally consid]$ ! rightful prey ( c]ta9 k9ds ( ald]m5 & legislators1 %[s a paym5t ( #h1fce1cii = 8adv]tis+1 int]e/1 insurance1 repairs1 & o!r sundry exp5ses10 an increase ( #gd4h p] c5t aga9/ an increase 9 ! value ( ! product ( b #cb4i p] c5t4 ,9 ea* ( ^! n9ete5 factory ,/ates ! value ( ! product increas$4 ,9 all b "o x increas$ m ?an #be p] c5t1 9 two m ?an #ajj p] c5t4 ,b 9 t5 ( ^! ,/ates total wages h decl9$1 & 9 ?ree ( ! rema9d] ! ga9 is insignificant4 ,wages ( m5 work]s h decl9$ 9 elev5 ( ^! ,/ates1 ) a fractional ga9 9 two ,/ates4 ,florida1 :i* %[s ! greate/ p]c5tage ( increase 9 ! numb] ( wage-e>n]s1 %[s ! greate/ relative loss 9 wages4 ,ma9e1 :i* gives ! smalle/ p]c5tage ( increase 9 numb] ( wage-e>n]s1 gives ! l>ge/ relative p]c5tage ( increase 9 wages4 ,! f\r ,/ates hav+ ! greate/ absolute numb] ( wage-e>n]s all %[ decreases ( wages4 ,new ,york1 ) #hdi1jib work]s1 %[s a wage-loss ( #b4b p] c5t2 ,p5nsylvania1 ) #gcc1hcd work]s1 a loss ( #b p] c5t2 ,massa*usetts1 ) #dig1ddh1 a fractional loss2 & ,ill9ois1 ) #cie1aaj1 #e p] c5t4 ,! specific indu/ries = ! :ole nation %[ simil> results4 ,relative wages h increas$ 9 ref9+ petroleum1 9 manufactur+ ice & salt1 & 9 a few o!r indu/ries4 ,b !y h decreas$ 9 ! great majority ( ! indu/ries s f> report$4 ,!re is a wage-loss 9 ! mak+ ( bicycles1 lea!r gloves & mitt5s1 wat*es1 wat*-cases1 buttons1 gas1 oleom>g>9e1 boots & %oes1 pap] & pulp1 coke1 ne$les & p9s1 cig>s & cig>ettes1 pocket-books1 trunks & valises1 lea!r belt+ & hose1 9 cann+ & pres]v+ fruits & vegetables1 9 ! tann+ & f9i%+ ( lea!r1 ! slaught]+ & pack+ ( meat1 ! smelt+ ( z9c1 %ip-build+1 c>-build+1 ! weav+ ( flax1 hemp1 & jute1 & cotton products1 ! brew+ ( malt liquors1 & newspap] publi%+4 ,all along ! monoton\s r[s ( figures ! same lesson is g5]ally reveal$1--! productivity ( ! labor] increases1 ! value ( ! product increases1 ! wages1 except 9 occasional in/ances1 decl9e or rema9 /ation>y4 ,! important po9t ( ! pur*as+ p[] ( ! doll> 9 #ahij z comp>$ ) #aijj ne$s also to be consid]$4 ,accord+ to ! exhau/ive compilation ( :olesale prices publi%$ 9 ! ,bullet9 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor = ,m>*1 #aijb1 ! doll> w\ld pur*ase 9 #ahij a great] quantity ( beef1 bacon1 ham1 corn meal1 beans1 *eese1 eggs1 pepp]1 ,am]ican salt1 ,=mosa tea1 h>d & s(t coal1 petroleum1 e>!nw>e1 furniture1 & glassw>e ?an 9 #aijj4 ,9 ! latt] ye> x w\ld pur*ase m butt]1 ,rio c(fee1 dri$ fruits 7except currants71 rice1 sug>1 onions1 potatoes1 mutton1 & fi%4 ,:eat fl\r *eap5$1 b ! price ( bread rema9$ ! same4 ,a comp>ison ( ! two li/s on ! basis ( relative quantities consum$ 9 ! av]age family w %[ ! doll> to h _h consid]ably less pur*as+ p[] 9 #aijj ?an 9 #ahij1 ?\gh ! exact p]c5tage is h>dly computable4 ,v ,! new ,feudalism involves n only ! mod]at+ ( ! pres5t rates ( pay = m5 work]s1 b an increase 9 ! quantity ( def5celess labor--! labor ( wom5 & *ildr54 ,c5sus ,bullet9 ,no4 #aej gives ! increase 9 ! numb] ( m5 work+ 9 manufactur+ pursuits at #bc4i p] c5t2 ( wom51 at #bh4d p] c5t2 ( *ildr51 at #ci4e p] c5t4 ,! wages ( wom5 h slightly increas$2 t is1 ! increase 9 total wages is #cj4h p] c5t aga9/ an increase 9 numb]s ( wage-e>n]s ( #bh4d p] c5t4 ,! figures are bett] = ! *ildr52 _! wages are /at$ to h increas$ #ed4d p] c5t4 ,!re are ample reasons :y ?is %\ld be s4 ,popul> agitation 9 behalf ( ! little ones may be guess$ to h _h "s effect 9 ! bett]m5t ( _! pay2 & a /ill great] effect has be5 wr\ght by _! va/ly increas+ productivity4 ,! p]fect+ ( ! in/rum5ts ( production has be5 c>ri$ to su* a degree t _m a ma*9e may be op]at$ by a nursl+2 & x is well-nigh inevitable t "s "p ( ?is increas$ productivity %\ld be comp5sat$ = by increas$ pay ( ! op]atives4 ,! numb] ( wom5 9 factory "w 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is #a1jca1gdg1 ne>ly "o-fif? ( ! total4 ,!re are #bcj1aii 9 ,new ,york1 #adc1aji 9 ,massa*usetts1 #abf1jic 9 ,p5nsylvania1 #eh1igh 9 ,ill9ois1 #ec1gaa 9 ,ohio4 ,eighte5 ( ! n9ete5 factory ,/ates %[ an increase1 ,ma9e be+ ! exception2 & 9 ?irte5 ( ^! ,/ates ! p]c5tage ( ga9 is consid]ably 9 excess ( t ( m5 work]s4 ,wa%+ton leads ) a ga9 ( #aea4h p] c5t2 ,mi*igan & ,ill9ois %[ ga9s ( #gi p] c5t ea*2 ,v]mont1 ( #fc4a2 ,indiana1 #ef4d2 ,cali=nia1 #df4h2 ,p5nsylvania1 #dd4i2 ,new ,j]sey1 #ci4c4 ,9 ,/ates outside ! factory li/ /ill great] increases are %[n4 ,! figures = ,s\? ,c>ol9a are #aeh4c p]c5t2 = ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #aea4b2 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #acj4b2 ,alabama1 #aji4a2 ,georgia1 #hb4b4 ,9 specific indu/ries ! ga9s are sometimes enorm\s4 ,!re are no wom5 report$ = coke-mak+1 & ! numb] employ$ 9 mak+ agricultural implem5ts has decl9$ #be4g p] c5t4 ,c>-build+1 too1 %[s a decl9e4 ,b 9 ref9+ petroleum ! #fj wom5 wage-e>n]s repres5t a ga9 ( #cbjj p] c5t1 & 9 bicycle & tricycle mak+ ! #eag wom5 repres5t a ga9 ( #ccdf4g p] c5t4 ,an increase ( #bfjj p] c5t is %[n = di/ill$ liquors1 al?\gh m5 work]s decreas$ #bc4h p] c5t4 ,a decrease ( m5 work]s & an increase ( wom5 work]s are also %[n = clay products1 fl\r+ & gri/-mill products1 *ew+ & smok+ tobacco & snuff1 />*1 *eese1 butt]1 & cond5s$ milk1 wat*es1 & wat*-cases4 ,! p]c5tage ( increase is 9 excess ( t ( m5 work]s 9 oleom>g>9e1 pocket-books1 trunks & valises1 tann$1 curri$1 & f9i%$ lea!r1 & ne$les & p9s4 ,!re are six & "o-half times z _m wom5 z m5 9 coll> & cuff mak+1 & m ?an twice z _m 9 ! lea!r glove & mitt5 indu/ry2 9 ! latt]1 moreov]1 ! p]c5tage ( increase = wom5 is d\ble t = m54 ,!re are #cg1gfb wom5 mak+ cig>s & cig>ettes1 a ga9 ( #ef p] c5t1 aga9/ a ga9 ( b #d4f p] c5t = m54 ,malt liquors %[ an increase ( #aja4f p] c5t ( wom5 work]s aga9/ an increase ( #cj4b p] c5t ( m5 work]s4 ,wom5 h also increas$ 9 numb] 9 ! cotton goods1 flax1 hemp1 & jute1 rubb] boot & %oe1 glass-mak+1 slaught]+1 & meat-pack+1 & boot & %oe indu/ries1 & 9 newspap] publi%+4 ,,vi ,!re are #afh1fbd *ildr5 employ$ 9 manufactures ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 a ga9 ( #ci4e p] c5t4 ,*ild labor has increas$ 9 twelve ( ! factory ,/ates1 rema9$ practically /ation>y 9 two 7,mi*igan & ,new ,hamp%ire71 & decreas$ 9 five ,/ates4 ,! reasons = a decrease1 :]e x is obs]v$1 are n h>d to f9d2 9 c]ta9 indu/ries *ild labor has be5 demon/rat$ to be unpr(itable4 ,b :]ev] x has be5 f\nd pr(itable x seems to h be5 increas+ly utiliz$4 ,! increase 9 ,wiscons9 is #aic4e p] c5t2 9 ,wa%+ton1 #ajc4h2 9 ,ill9ois1 #ib2 9 ,new ,j]sey1 #ea4d2 9 ,p5nsylvania1 #dg4h2 & 9 ,massa*usetts1 #dd4i4 ,9 ,/ates outside ( ! =ego+ li/ ! same t5d5cy is %[n4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a increas$ its *ild labor]s by #bgj4g p] c5t2 ,alabama1 by #adc4h2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #aai4b2 ,georgia1 #ha4 ,*ildr5 numb] #ag4e p] c5t ( all ! factory wage-e>n]s ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & #ad4f p] c5t ( all ^? ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,9 five o!r ,s\!rn ,/ates 7includ+ ,m>yl&7 ! p]c5tages range f #d4c to #g4f1 :ile among ,nor!rn ,/ates ,rhode ,isl& *ildr5 =m #e4b p] c5t ( ! factory wage-e>n]s1 & ,p5nsylvania & ,wiscons9 *ildr5 #d4e & #d p] c5t1 respectively4 ,if ,p5nsylvania is comp>atively l[ 9 p]c5tage1 x is because ( ! great mass ( its adult work]s2 = 9 absolute numb]s ( *ild work]s x heads ! li/ ( commonweal?s4 ,no less ?an #cc1ace *ildr5 are employ$ 9 its factories1 a figure :i* puts to %ame ! puny %[+ ( ,new ,york1 ) #ac1aii1 & ( ,massa*usetts1 ) #ab1eef4 ,9 c]ta9 indu/ries *ildr5 =m m ?an "o-f\r? ( all ! op]atives = a p>ticul> locality4 ,9 ! mak+ ( cotton goods 9 ,alabama #bi4b p] c5t ( ! work]s are *ildr51 & 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a #bf4h p] c5t4 ,! figures = ?is indu/ry 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,virg9ia1 & ,m>yl& are ne>ly id5tical4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania1 = ! mak+ ( jute goods ! figures are #bf4b1 & = silk & silk goods1 #bj4b4 ,slightly m ?an "o-f\r? ( ! hosi]y & knit-goods work]s ( ,georgia are *ildr5 & slightly less ?an "o-f\r? ( ! tobacco work]s 7*ew+1 smok+1 & snuff7 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,massa*usetts1 ) its factory law1 c make b ! humble %[+ ( #f4d p] c5t ( *ildr5 9 its cotton-goods factories1 & ,rhode ,isl& b #aj4c p] c5t4 ,glass-mak+ is an indu/ry :i* has made a mo/ lit]al adaptation ( ,jesus' invitation to little *ildr52 ?\gh1 if ! words ( reputable eye-witnesses are to be accept$1 x is n exactly a heav5 into :i* !y are welcom$4 ,( ! op]atives 9 ,p5nsylvania glass works1 *ildr5 numb] #ad p] c5t1 & ( ^? 9 ,new ,j]sey glass works1 #ae4g p] c5t4 ,9 ! cotton-goods indu/ry !re are #ci1hff *ildr51 a ga9 ( #gj4a p] c5t4 ,x is int]e/+ to le>n t !re are #ajjc *ildr5 employ$ 9 %ip-build+1 & t ?is numb] is a ga9 ( #dgf4d p] c5t ov] #ahij4 ,!re are #deba 9 boot & %oe mak+1 an increase ( #he p] c5t4 ,!re are #bbei 9 flax1 hemp1 & jute weav+1 ne>ly twice z _m z t5 ye>s ago4 ,!re are #caf 9 turp5t9e & ros9 mak+1 a ga9 ( #bcf4b p] c5t4 ,! numb] has decreas$ = "s reason 9 ! mak+ ( clay products1 z has also ! numb] ( m5 work]s1 wom5 hav+ n[ a gr[+ pref]5ce 9 ! pott]ies4 ,!re are also few] *ildr5 9 petroleum ref9+1 b 9 button-mak+ an increase ( #cba4f p] c5t1 9 lea!r-glove mak+ ( #ahe4g p] c5t1 & 9 slaught]+ & meat-pack+ ( #ach4a p] c5t is %[n4 ,wat*-mak+ %[s a ga9 ( #cj p] c5t1 bicycle-mak+ ( #ghj p] c5t4 ,*ildr5 h be5 f\nd comp>atively unadaptable 9 ! liquor indu/ry4 ,only #fdc are employ$ 9 brew+ & #ah 9 di/ill+4 ,= all t1 ^! figures repres5t an increase--9 ! =m] case ( #bd4f p] c5t1 9 ! latt] ( #bjj p] c5t4 ,*ildr51 accord+ to ! c5sus1 are p]sons bel[ ! age ( sixte54 ,te/imony outside ( ! c5sus reports %[s ! extreme y\? ( _m ( ^! op]atives4 ,inve/igations among ! glass works ( s\!rn ,new ,j]sey reveal a numb] ( cases ( *ild work]s ( eight1 n9e1 & t5 ye>s ( age4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,sullivan1 a c>eful & accurate obs]v]1 :o visit$ ?is di/rict 9 ,july ( ! pres5t ye>1 confirms ^! /atem5ts4 ,miss ,jane ,addams1 ( ,hull ,h\se1 f\nd a *ild ( five work+ at night 9 a ,s\? ,c>ol9a mill4 ,mrs4 ,ir5e ,a%by-,macfady51 :o has c>efully /udi$ conditions 9 ! ,s\!rn mills1 gives _m in/ances ( extremely "y *ildr5 work+ incr$ibly long h\rs4 ,pr(essor ,george ,cl9ton ,edw>ds1 9 ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/ = ,augu/ #ac?1 gives o!r in/ances relat+ to ! mills ( ,dallas1 ,tex4 ,9 a lat] communication to ! same j\rnal he quotes ! /atem5t ( a mill sup]9t5d5t to ! effect t ( sixty boys & sev5ty-six girls employ$1 8!re are two 9 _! t5? ye>1 n9e 9 _! elev5? ye>1 ?irte5 9 _! twelf? ye>1 & sev5te5 9 _! f\rte5? ye>40 8,?is li/1 f ! pay-roll10 writes ,pr(essor ,edw>ds1 8does n include ! little *ildr51 :o1 ) ! mills' k1 work$ at ! mills' "w1 :o e>n$ ! mills' pay 9 ! #aj or #bj p] c5t increase receiv$ by ! relatives !y assi/$ at piece "w1 & :o 71 !re=e1 9 fact1 ! mills' employees40 ,labor ,commission] ,lacey1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 reports #gfje *ildr5 "u f\rte5 9 #bfa mills4 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,c9c9nati ,po/ e/imat$ #djj ( ! #ajjj *ildr5 employ$ 9 five mills 9 ,columbia1 ,s4,c41 to be "u twelve ye>s ( age4 ,te/imony by mill (ficials be=e a ,s\!rn legislature ackn[l$g$ 9 "o in/ance #cj p] c5t ( *ild work]s "u twelve ye>s 9 a sp9n+ room1 & 9 ano!r #be p] c5t4 ,! c5sus reports be> amiable te/imony to ! provid5ce ( ! mill-own]s4 8,_m ( ! mills10 says ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a report1 8h read+ rooms & libr>ies = _! employees1 & ne>ly all contribute regul>ly to ! support ( ! local s*ools40 8,9 ! abs5ce ( legislation regulat+ *ild labor10 says ! ,georgia report1 8all ! cotton manufactur]s 9 ! ,/ate h sign$ an agreem5t to exclude f ! mills *ildr5 "u t5 ye>s ( age1 & ^? "u twelve :o _c %[ a c]tificate ( f\r mon?s' att5dance at s*ool40 ,9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a report we f9d1 8,9 ! abs5ce ( legislation ne>ly all ! mill-own]s h agre$ to discont9ue ! employm5t ( *ildr5 "u twelve ye>s ( age40 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,new ,york ,_w f\nd a l b5evol5ce among ! glass employ]s 9 s\!rn ,new ,j]sey4 8,i ne$ ! boys10 said "o1 8all ,i c d is to treat ! boys z well z ,i c40 ,! mill-own]s1 "o & all1 dem& t ! ,/ate keep its h&s (f1 & tru/ to _! own b5evol5ce = rem$ies4 ,s f>1 9 ! ,s\?1 despite a ?ree ye>s' agitation1 ! matt] is /ill left entirely 9 _! control4 ,criticism ( ! mill-own]s has be5 made to ! effect t despite _! b5evol5t pr(essions1 ! *ildr5 are poorly paid & t !y rema9 un$ucat$4 ,"s ( !m "w long h\rs = #aj c5ts a day1 o!rs = #ab-a_/b1 #ae1 & #ah c5ts4 ,a newspap] correspond5t tells ( a c]ta9 sp9n+ room 9 a ,s\!rn mill :]e9 ! av]age daily pay = all *ildr5 is #bc-h_/aj c5ts4 8,i "k ( babies10 writes ,mrs4 ,macfady51 8work+ = #e & #f c5ts a day40 ,! s*ool+ :i* a *ild work+ sev5ty-two h\rs a week c get may be r\ghly guess$ at4 ,mrs4 ,macfady5 f\nd #efg *ildr5 "u twelve ye>s work+ 9 eight mills4 ,only #abb ( ^! *ildr5 c\ld read or write4 ,9 a s*ool 9 a mill-t[n ( betwe5 #fjjj & #hjjj p]sons1 ! same inve/igator f\nd an enrolm5t ( #ij pupils divid$ into two classes4 ,a visit to "o ( ^! classes disclos$ #bb *ildr51 only #ab ( :om 7 mill-work]s' *ildr51 & #aj _h work$ 9 ! mills f "o to ?ree ye>s4 ,criticisms bas$ on ^! data are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally held to be s5tim5tal & irrelevant4 ,glass-bl[+ or textile-weav+1 l an?racite m9+1 is1 9 ! s5t5ti\s phrase ( ,presid5t ,george ,f4 ,ba]1 ( ! ,philadelphia & ,read+ ,railway ,company1 8a bus9ess1 & n a religi\s1 s5tim5tal1 or academic proposition40 ,x is conduct$ = ! mak+ ( money1 & n = ! spiritual or hygi5ic welf>e ( ! op]atives4 ,x w\ld be well1 say ! employ]s1 if ?+s c\ld be bett]4 ,b = ! pres5t !y are mak+ all ! contribution to t end t !y feel c conv5i5tly be made4 ,moreov]1 !y cont5d--& !y are support$ g5]ally by ! local m9i/]s1 :o h 9 *>ge ! spiritual affairs ( ! populace2 by ! local editors1 lawy]s1 & solid m5 ( 8bus9ess0--x is bett] t *ildr5 %\ld "w 9 ! mills & factories ?an 8run ab\t ! /reets40 ,z = education1 ! contribut+ employ]s po9t to ! s*ools1 z ?\gh to say1 8,"h are ! opportunities2 :y d y n take advantage ( !m80 ,x is q en\gh to provide a balky horse ) wat]1 )\t be+ morally oblig$ to make him dr9k4 ,,footnote3 #d ,s9ce ! publication ( ! ,indep5d5t article ! au?or's att5tion has be5 call$ to an address entitl$ 8,! ,new ,feudalism10 deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,a4 ,ri*mond1 ( ,cumb]l&1 ,md41 be=e ! ,m>yl& ,b> ,association 9 ,july1 #ahih4 ,! au?or _h nev] se5 or he>d ( ?is address4 ,x is writt5 f a legal /&po9t1 & bo? ! matt] & ! treatm5t are widely diff]5t f ! matt] & mann] ( ! ,indep5d5t article4 ,b :atev] ! diff]5ces1 ! same g5]al idea is to be f\nd 9 bo? pap]s1 & x is only j t ackn[l$gm5t %\ld be made ( ,mr4 ,ri*mond's priority4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,our ,,mak]s ,,( ,,law ,! dual responsibility :i* our lawmak]s & judges be>1 on ! "o h& to ! p1 & on ! o!r to ! ,big ,m51 produces a *aos ( conflict+ laws & decisions4 ,= ! *>t]+ ( bus9ess corporations we h ! 8,delaw>e !ory10 :i* seems to be to give ! applicant :atev] he asks =2 ! 8,new ,j]sey !ory10 :i* is a slight modification ( ! =m]2 & ! 8,massa*usetts !ory10 :i* res]ves to ! ,/ate a c]ta9 measure ( sup]vision & control4 ,= ! fix+ ( employ]s' liability = injuries to workm5 we h a wide range ( prec$5ts1 f ,/ates :i* hold to ! common-law doctr9e t practically frees ! employ] f blame1 to ^? :i* fix a liability 9 some:at def9ite t]ms4 ,factory legislation1 regulations = ! public heal?1 ! det]m9ation ( a legal workday1 ! re/ra9+ ( corporate aggressiv5ess--^! & a score ( l que/ions are v>i\sly pass$ ^u or delib]ately avoid$ 9 ! sev]al ,/ates4 ,judicial decisions1 too1 pres5t a spectacle ( ! wide/ div]sity4 ,nev]!less ?is *aos %[s signs ( a gradual r$uction to ord]4 ,! insi/5t *all5ge1 8,"u :i* k+1 ,bezonian1 speak or die60 :i* p]petually assails all ( our legislative & judicial function>ies1 soon] or lat] =ces a decision1 & naturally x is ! /rong] rival t w9s4 ,h[ effective is ?is *all5ge1 h[ /rong is ! pressure1 ,mr4 ,john ,jay ,*apman has /rik+ly %[n 9 8 8,causes & ,consequ5ces10 & ! in/ances t crop out f "t to "t1 l t ( ! rec5t tamp]+ ) ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,miss\ri1 reveal only a ne$less confirmation ( a kn[n tru?4 ,legislation 9 behalf ( ! g5]al welf>e & ( ! indu/rially dep5d5t classes becomes less frequ5t & m gu>d$2 & judicial decisions 9 matt]s t involve class antagonisms are m frequ5tly giv5 to ! dom9ant class4 ,i ,a m>k$ t5d5cy ( rec5t legislation is t t[>d giv+ increas$ p[]s to municipal (ficials4 ,ano!r is t t[>d ! creation ( bo>ds *>g$ ) adm9i/rative1 executive1 semi-judicial1 & ev5 police p[]s4 ,! in/itution ( ^! bo>ds means simply a fur!r removal f ! p ( ! conduct ( public affairs4 ,mr4 ,leon>d ,a4 ,blue1 9 ! ,annals ( ! ,am]ican ,academy = ,novemb]1 #aija1 gives an int]e/+ view ( ! subject4 8,^! bo>ds10 he writes1 8are practically irresponsible bodies4 ,!y are beyond ! control ( ! p1 or ( any "o :o is responsible to ! p = _! actions4 ,appo9t$ z !y are = def9ite t]ms ( (fice1 !y _c be remov$ dur+ t t]m except aft] an inve/igation :i* am\nts to an impea*m5t4 ,! ,gov]nor :o appo9ts !m 9 _m cases c only appo9t a s+le memb]1 ! t]ms ( ! o!rs ext5d+ beyond 8 own1 s t he c nei!r m\ld ! policy ( ! bo>d nor c he be held responsible = x40 ,& he quotes f "o ( ! messages ( ! ,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,russell1 ,gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts 7#ahia-ic71 ^! words3 8,! p ( ! ,/ate might h a mo/ decid$ op9ion ab\t ! managem5t & "w ( ! dep>tm5ts1 & give emphatic expression to t op9ion1 & yet be unable to control _! action4 ,! sy/em gives great p[] )\t prop] responsibility1 & t5ds to remove ! p's gov]nm5t f ! p's control40 ,irresponsible to bo? ! p & ! p's (ficials z !y are1 ^! bo>ds are yet n :olly unsusceptible to outside pressure2 !y are1 z is well kn[n1 peculi>ly liable to ! influ5ce ( ! ,big ,m54 ,,ii ,:ile legislation moves rapidly en\gh 9 ! direction ( deta*+ political p[]s f ! p1 x %[s a gr[+ dis9cl9ation to m$dle ) affairs betwe5 magnate & m9ion4 ,twelve or fifte5 ye>s ago1 9 c]ta9 sections1 8labor0 legislation _h a fl\ri%+ c>e]4 ,! numb] ( laws s classifi$1 pass$ 9 a s+le ?ree-ye> p]iod 9 ,new ,york ,/ate1 made a record = all "t4 ,labor 0 !n rapidly comb9+1 & its lu/y organizations made emphatic dem&s = protective laws4 ,a ,democratic ,gov]nor1 n :olly reg>dless ( hopes ( ! ,presid5tial succession1 = ! "t alli$ himself ) ! movem5t & secur$ ! passage ( _m ( ^! measures4 ,) an alacrity mu* great] ?an t ) :i* ! ,con/itution foll[s ! flag1 judicial decisions 9 ^? days t5d$ to foll[ ! g5]al policy ( ! p>ty 9 p[]1 & ?us b slight tr\ble 0 exp]i5c$ 9 secur+ con/itutional sanction4 ,o!r ,/ates foll[$1 & = sev]al ye>s ! a/oni%m5t & indignation ( ! ,big ,m5 7 int]mitt5tly r\s$ by ! spectacle ( ,jacob9ical legislators m$dl+ 9 affairs outside _! prov9ce4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,j4 ,/imson1 9 ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly = ,novemb]1 #ahig1 in=ms u t 9 ! t5 prec$+ ye>s #afci laws relat+ to labor _h be5 pass$ 9 ! v>i\s ,/ates & ,t]ritories4 ,?is is an av]age ( #c4d a ye> = ea* legislature1 ?\gh ! c\rts _h modifi$ ! av]age some:at by decl>+ #aad ( ^! measures uncon/itutional4 ,d\btless among ^? t escap$ ! 8kill+ decree0 ( ! c\rts 7 a numb] t b5efit$ ! work]1 ?\gh x is d\btful if any ( !m s]v$ to modify 8 economic /atus4 ,h[ev] t may be1 x is unque/ion$ t ! t5d5cy t[>d ! enactm5t ( ?is sort ( legislation has suff]$ a decl9e4 ,x is h>d to fix ! po9t ( culm9ation1 ?\gh probably x lies some:]e ab\t ! ye>s #ahif-ig4 ,9 isolat$ in/ances1 & "u peculi> circum/ances1 x is conc$$ !re is an occasional revival4 ,! ,p5nsylvania legislature ( #ahig %[$ a rem>kable zeal1 %ort5+ ! workday ( wom5 & m9ors1 limit+ *ild labor1 e/abli%+ a bureau ( m9es1 & mak+ o!r regulations4 ,m>yl&1 9 #ahih1 impos$ c]ta9 m9+ regulations & requir$ seats 9 /ores = wom5 work]s4 ,virg9ia & ,massa*usetts1 9 ! same ye>1 int]f]$ slightly1 ! =m] ) an arbitration act4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahii1 ,kansas1 ,ill9ois1 ,colorado1 ,indiana1 ,mi*igan1 ,nebraska1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,wiscons91 all address$ !mselves m or less e>ne/ly to ! r$ress ( c]ta9 grievances2 & !y 7 foll[$ by ,i[a 9 #aijj1 by ,massa*usetts aga9 9 ! same ye>1 & by ,alabama 9 #aija4 ,9 ! pres5t ye> ,new ,york1 aft] five ye>s ( agitation1 reluctantly grant$ a mod]ately express$ employ]s' liability law4 ,mo/ ( ?is legislation1 h[ev]1 0 enact$ 9 ! new] ,/ates1 & s]v$ only to pu% !m along t[>d ! /&>d set 9 ! old] ,/ates 9 e>li] ye>s4 ,advances ( any sort are difficult to discov]4 ,z = ! ye> #aija1 ! record ( progressive legislation is almo/ b>e4 ,congress suppress$ ! ,eight-h\r1 ,anti-injunction1 & ,prison-labor bills1 & mutilat$ ! ,*9ese bill4 ,a conv5tion ( ! ,national ,association ( ,railway ,commission]s1 compris+ repres5tatives f tw5ty-five ,/ate bo>ds & f ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission1 petition$ ,congress1 9 ,june1 #aija1 to enact a numb] ( measures reg>d+ railway traffic2 b our lawmak]s appe> to h be5 too busy ) o!r matt]s4 ,factory legislation has suff]$ a relapse 9 all ( ! ,/ates4 8,! /atutes ( #aija10 euphemi/ically writes ,mr4 ,horace ,g4 ,wadl91 9 ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y's 8,review ( ,legislation1 #aija10 8:i* may be class$ z protective legislation1 int5d$ to safegu>d ! workman 9 8 employm5t or to secure to him 8 wages1 are nei!r v num]\s nor v radical40 ,some?+ bett]1 h[ev]1 z ,mr4 ,adna ,f4 ,web] po9ts out 9 ! same volume1 0 done 9 reg>d to %ort] workdays4 ,cali=nia pass$ an ,eight-h\r law = ,/ate "w2 ,m9nesota1 ) c]ta9 lib]al exceptions1 ano!r2 :ile ,utah p5aliz$ infractions ( an exi/+ law4 ,ev5 ,p5nsylvania1 g5]ally s s5sitive 9 ! matt] ( int]f]+ ) ! rights ( h] work]s to employ !mselves 9 any mann] !y are con/ra9$ to *oose1 made ! d>+ innovation ( prohibit+ a long] workday ?an twelve h\rs = wom5 & m9ors 9 bak]ies4 ,d\btless ! lesson to be le>n$ f ?is is a gr[+ incl9ation t[>d ! gospel ( relaxation1 :i* ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] s emphatically invok$ on 8 visit "h tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,an indu/rial ,feudalism is n inconsi/5t ) a mod]ate workday1 & x is n unlikely t "s fur!r exp]im5ts 9 ?is l9e may be made4 ,,iii ,an av]age man1 n ov]le>n$ 9 political sci5ce1 & n too well acqua9t$ ) ! ways & means ( politicians1 might naturally suppose t ! result ( some?+ m ?an #afci 8labor0 laws w\ld be an almo/ revolution>y *ange 9 ! conditions ( indu/ry4 ,he might suppose a g5]al effect compris+ ^! p>ticul>s3 ! secur+ ( safe places & safe conditions = toil2 ! utmo/ safegu>d+ aga9/ accid5ts2 ! fix+ ( liability = injuries or dea? suff]$ 9 ! s]vice ( a ma/]2 ! gu>antee ( ! "r ( workm5 to comb9e1 to leave _! "w = causes suffici5t to !mselves1 & peaceably to p]suade o!rs to d s2 ! gu>antee ( protection f blackli/+ by employ]s1 & ! fram+ ( all su* laws 9 a _s s s9c]e & 9 diction s def9ite t judicial discretion w\ld be r$uc$ to a m9imum4 8,labor0 legislation1 h[ev]1 takes on too mu* a =m & pressure due to influ5ces f above to confirm ev5 ?is temp]ate supposition4 ,x is some:at presumptu\s1 & 9 a lat] "t w be grossly impi\s1 = a layman n ( ! seigniorial class to speak qu]ul\sly on s sacr$ a subject2 yet x ne$s mu/ be said t ! mass ( ! measures s f> fram$ h proce$$ b little beyond ! conf9es ( ! common law4 ,_m ( !m1 inde$1 are m]e enactm5ts into /atute ( t ela/ic1 n to say elusive1 body ( prec$5t4 ,! common law comes d[n to u f di/ant times1 :5 o!r conditions prevail$1 & ?r\gh\t all ( x :i* be>s on ! relations ( ma/] & s]vant !re runs a pr9ciple bas$ on an unsupport$ !ory4 8,?is !ory10 writes ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,alg]1 a memb] ( ! ,new ,york ,b>1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology = ,novemb]1 #aijj1 8resolutely clos$ its eyes to common1 obvi\s1 social & economic di/9ctions betwe5 m51 ei!r consid]$ z individuals or z classes1 & ) a self-impos$ bl9dness imag9$ r ?an saw ! s]vant & 8 ma/] act+ ^u a plane ( absolute & ideal equality 9 all matt]s t\*+ _! contractual relation2 bo? 7 free & equal1 & ! prop] function ( gov]nm5t 0 to let !m alone4 ,if ! s]vant 0 dissatisfi$ ) ! conditions ( 8 employm5t2 if ! dang]s creat$ n m]ely by ! necessities ( ! "w1 b by ! ma/]'s indiff]5ce to ! safety ( 8 m51 7 9 ! eyes ( ! latt] too great to be endur$ ) prud5ce1 !n1 be+ "u ?is !ory a #8free ag5t' to g or to /ay1 if he *ose to /ay he mu/ take ! possible consequ5ces ( p]sonal injury or dea?40 ,"u ! common law1 x is true1 ! employ] is presum$ to h c]ta9 duties t[>d 8 workm54 ,z int]pret$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,d4 ,fess5d51 ,,ll4,m41 9 ! ,bullet9 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor1 = ,novemb]1 #aijj1 ^! obligations are z foll[s3-- 8,an employ] assumes ! duty t[>d 8 employee ( ex]cis+ reasonable c>e & dilig5ce to provide ! employee ) a reasonably safe place at :i* to "w2 ) reasonably safe ma*9]y1 tools1 & implem5ts to "w )2 ) reasonably safe mat]ials to "w ^u1 & ) suitable & compet5t fell[-s]vants to "w ) him2 &1 9 case ( a dang]\s or complicat$ bus9ess1 to make su* reasonable rules = its conduct z may be prop] to protect ! s]vants employ$ !re940 ,?is common-law doctr9e is1 h[ev]1 v s]i\sly qualifi$ by ! doctr9e ( ! workman's assumption ( risk1 ( 8 contributory neglig5ce1 & ( neglig5ce on ! "p ( a fell[-s]vant4 ,ea* ( ! t]ms 9 ?is doctr9al tr9ity is ( expansive ela/icity1 & ev5 ! con/itu5t words ( ea* t]m may be v>i\sly int]pret$4 ,s t a workman =c$ to e>n 8 bread :]e he c1 9 ! face ( con/ant p]ils1 lit]ally takes 8 life 9 8 h&s4 ,if injur$1 !re may be set up & su/a9$ aga9/ 8 claim = damages ! plea ( free & uncon/ra9$ assumption1 or ( contributory neglig5ce1 or ( neglig5ce ( ano!r workman1 ev5 ?\gh ! latt] may be a sup]ior :o ord]s ! victim to 8 dang]\s task4 8,x is a well-settl$ pr9ciple ( common law10 writes ,mr4 ,fess5d51 8t :]e 444 duties ( employ]s are impos$ by legislative enactm5t or municipal ord9ance1 x is neglig5ce on ! "p ( ! employ] to fail to comply ) ^! requirem5ts40 ,n[ x happ5s t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 tw5ty ,/ates1 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 7by act ( ,congress71 & "o ,t]ritory h enact$ ?is common-law pr9ciple into /atute1 affix+ x to c]ta9 regulations ( indu/ry4 ,yet 9 su* mann] are ! great] numb] ( ^! /atutes drawn t x is (t5 f\nd possible to evade !m on ! score ( "o or m ( ! t]ms 9 ! common-law !ory4 ,! record ( decisions on ^! /atutes is at be/ conflict+ & confus+4 ,b en\gh c be %[n to illu/rate ! frequ5t futility ( ! laws to secure ei!r employ]s' compliance ) impos$ duties or employ]s' liability = injuries due to neglig5ce4 ,! ,ohio ,supreme ,c\rt1 9 #ahie1 held t 8"o _c ma9ta9 an action aga9/ 8 employ] = an injury foll[+ a violation ( ! act regulat+ coal m9es1 unless at ! "t he 0 injur$ he 0 9 ! ex]cise ( due c>e2 t "o :o volunt>ily assumes a risk !reby waives ! provisions ( a /atute made = 8 protection40 ,! ,wiscons9 ,supreme ,c\rt decid$ t ! law 7#ahhi7 requir+ ! gu>d+ or block+ ( railway frogs 8does n take away ! def5ce ( contributory neglig5ce40 ,! ,new ,york ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 ! case ( ,knisley vs4 ,pratt 7#adh ,n4 ,y4 #cgb7 decid$ t to hold t ! workman c\ld n waive 8 ma/]'s /atutory duty by cont9u+ at "w 0 8a new & />tl+ doctr9e calculat$ to e/abli% a measure ( liability unkn[n to ! common law40 ,/atute law is presum$ to replace common law & to r$ress ! inequities result+ f ! application ( old pr9ciples to *ang$ conditions4 ,b ! r$ress ( inequities is conspicu\sly want+ 9 mu* ( ! s-call$ 8protective0 legislation4 ,x is impossible to guess :e!r on ! "o h& 9 legislative indiff]5ce or unwisdom1 or on ! o!r h& 9 judicial int]e/$ness & ov]wisdom1 lies ! great] cause ( ^! /atutory failures4 ,"s add$ speculations on ! subject w be f\nd fur!r along4 ,b :atev] ! attitude ( ! judges1 t ( ! lawmak]s reveals a *ronic & n[ int5sify+ fe> ( di/urb+ ! sacr$ privileges ( 8bus9ess40 ,! contractual waiv+1 by ! employee1 ( ! employ]'s neglig5ce1 is a subject ab\t :i* a numb] ( legislatures h conc]n$ !mselves4 ,two ,/ates 7,georgia & ,massa*usetts71 accord+ to ,mr4 ,fess5d51 h =bidd5 su* waiv]s g5]ally1 "o ,/ate 7,ohio7 has decl>$ void su* contracts :5 made by employees1 & twelve ,/ates & "o ,t]ritory h =bidd5 su* waiv]s :]e ! liability is impos$ by /atute4 ,! ,ohio law1 h[ev]1 0 decl>$ uncon/itutional by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,circuit ,c\rt = ! ,nor!rn ,di/rict ( ,ohio 9 #ahif on ! gr\nd t 89 d5y+ to ! employees ( a railroad corporation ! "r to make _! own contracts conc]n+ _! own labor1 x is depriv+ !m ( #8lib]ty' & ( ! "r to ex]cise ! privileges ( manhood1 #8)\t due process ( law'20 & fur!rmore t x 0 class legislation4 ,ea* ( ^! laws1 moreov]1 c be practically nullifi$1 z ! c\rts h repeat$ly held4 ,an employ] may organize a relief organization = ! paym5t ( b5efits4 ,he may tax 8 employees = a great] or less "p ( ! exp5ses ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,he may !n make employm5t conditional ^u ! workman's jo9+ ! association & sign+ a pl$ge agree+1 9 consid]ation ( ! paym5t ( ! regul> b5efits1 to release ! employ] f all claims = injuries4 ,su* contracts are valid1 s9ce1 accord+ to ! +5i\s int]pretation ( ! c\rts1 !y d n waive damages1 b *oose betwe5 two s\rces ( comp5sation4 ,only "o ,/ate 7,i[a7 has _h ! tem]ity to decl>e ?is practice illegal1 & 9 view ( ! action ( ! c\rts ! law w probably be held to be uncon/itutional4 ,/atutory provisions aga9/ accid5ts to workm5 reveal q z mu* timidity z d provisions reg>d+ employ]s' liability4 ,! ye>ly numb] ( accid5ts 9 our indu/ries is unkn[n1 & c be only r\ghly guess$ at4 ,! inve/igation ( ! ,new ,york ,commission] ( ,labor1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahii1 w\ld indicate a ye>ly av]age ( #ad1egf accid5ts = factory work]s alone 9 "o ,/ate4 ,9 ! ,p5nsylvania an?racite m9es m ?an #djj p]sons are kill$ e ye>1 & 9 ! bitum9\s m9es ( ! same ,/ate ! ye>ly av]age = ! p]iod #ahie-ih 0 #aga kill$ & #dba injur$4 ,an (ficial report made to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey 9 ,septemb] gives ! record ( lives lo/ 9 m9+ coal = ! ye> #aija z #adfg1 & ! numb] ( workm5 injur$ z #cfdc4 ,9 ! an?racite m9es ( ,p5nsylvania #eac m5 7 kill$ & #abdc injur$1 & 9 ! bitum9\s fields ( ! same ,/ate #cja 7 kill$ & #fef injur$4 ,! railroads provide a ye>ly ,gettysburg1 ) "s #dj1jjj casualties to workm5 alone2 & _m an indu/ry annually furni%es its humble ,bull ,run or ,=t ,donelson4 ,regulations1 h[ev]1 proce$ cauti\sly1 n to say halt+ly2 !y are g5]ally tame regulations1 !y are frequ5tly disobey$1 & _! effect on ! casualty rate is any?+ b radical4 ,?\gh = #aija ! increas$ use ( safety appliances less5$ ! p]c5tage ( c\pl+ accid5ts on railroads1 ! p]c5tage actually increas$ = #ahih1 #ahii1 & #aijj4 ,s9ce #ahih !re has be5 an increase 9 ! rate ( accid5ts 9 coal m9+1 & d\btless1 also1 if ! figures 7 kn[n1 an increase c\ld be %[n = factories & work%ops4 ,al?\gh tw5ty-"o ,/ates1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,william ,f4 ,will\ghby1 9 ! ,bullet9 = ,janu>y1 #aija1 provide = an inspection s]vice 9 factories1 only ?irte5 impose specific provisions mak+ x obligatory ^u factory & mill own]s to take c]ta9 precautions aga9/ accid5ts4 ,only "o ( ^! laws1 moreov]1--t ( ,ohio1--may fairly be call$ an adequate & def9itely express$ /atute4 ,!re are b five ,/ates t h enact$ laws 8! purpose ( :i* is to make x obligatory ^u directors ( build+ & con/ruction "w to take c]ta9 precautions aga9/ accid5ts10 & only "o ( ^! 7,new ,york7 has giv5 ! measure an adequate compreh5siv5ess4 ,tw5ty-?ree ,/ates h m or less elaborate m9+ regulations2 b z compliance ) ^! laws is usually left to ! honor & b5evol5ce ( ! m9e own]1 & z m9+ accid5ts cont9ue at a practically /atic rate1 x is h>d to see ! b5eficial result4 ,"s ( ! ,/ates compel railroads to block or gu>d frogs1 & sev]al h laws indep5d5t ( ! ,f$]al /atute ( #ahic1 requir+ ! use ( automatic c\pl]s & p[] brakes4 ,! =m] may be evad$1 h[ev]2 &1 9 ! abs5ce ( /atute impos+ liability1 ! evasion c\nts = no?+ 9 behalf ( an injur$ workman's claim = damages4 ,! effect on ! accid5t rates has already be5 m5tion$4 ,dr4 ,s>ah ,s4 ,:ittelsey's pap] 9 ! ,annals ( ! ,am]ican ,academy = ,july1 #aijb1 summ>izes ! report ( ! ,indu/rial ,commission on ! results ( factory legislation 9 ! v>i\s ,/ates4 ,f ?is x appe>s t only ab\t half ! ,/ates h pass$ :at may be call$ factory acts1 _m ( :i* are m]e fire-escape provisions1 & t !re are almo/ no factory acts 9 ! ,s\?1 nor 9 ! m di/9ctly agricultural ,/ates ( ! ,we/4 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,v]mont1 ,nebraska1 & ,cali=nia g5]\sly p]mit ! employm5t 9 factories ( *ildr5 t5 ye>s old2 sev5 ,/ates put ! limit at twelve ye>s1 two at ?irte51 t5 at f\rte51 & "o makes ! limit f\rte5 ye>s = girls & twelve ye>s = boys4 ,work+ h\rs h be5 m or less regulat$ = wom5 & m9ors 9 fifte5 ,/ates1 & = m9ors alone 9 n9e ,/ates4 ,c\rts 9 ?ree ,/ates1 h[ev]1 h decl>$ acts regulat+ work+ h\rs ( wom5 uncon/itutional4 ,9 sixte5 ,/ates1 ?ree ,t]ritories1 & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia !re is absolutely no limitation = p]sons ( any age or sex4 ,aside f c]ta9 occasional acts relat+ to ! paym5t ( wages1 to inspection1 & to employ]s' liability1 ?is is a complete summ>y ( protective legislation conc]n+ ! indu/ries t employ #e1cba1jhg ( ! ,nation's wage-e>n]s4 ,mr4 ,fess5d5 gives a summ>y ( ! laws = ! protection ( workm5 9 _! employm5t1 9 ! ,bullet9 = ,janu>y1 #aijj4 ,! mo/ timid cons]vative may read x ) relief1 = any fe>s ( an undue lodgm5t ( p[] 9 ! work+ classes w be effectually bani%$ by its p]usal4 ,only n9e ,/ates h gone s f> z to enact into /atute ! suppos$ common-law pr9ciple t comb9ations ( workm51 =m$ = ! purpose ( seek+ increase ( wages & bett]m5t ( conditions1 are n ( !mselves unlawful4 ,f\r o!rs specify t ! provisions ( _! 8anti-tru/0 acts d n apply to comb9ations ( labor4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! anti-conspiracy laws ( elev5 ,/ates are capable ( int]pretation :i* w\ld p5alize _m ( ! peaceable me?ods ( labor societies1 & su* int]pretations h be5 frequ5tly made4 ,moreov]1 ! word+ ( ,sections #ciie & #eddj ( ! ,f$]al ,revis$ ,/atutes1 *apt]s #fdg ( ! ,anti-tru/ act1 & #ajd ( ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce act1 & ! am5dm5t ( #ahhi to ! latt]1 are capable ( int]pretation to ! effect t collective quitt+ ( "w on railways is illegal4 ,decisions to t effect h sev]al times be5 made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts4 8,a /rike1 or a preconc]t$ quitt+ ( "w10 reads ! decision 9 ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,cassidy 7#ahie7 be=e ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ,nor!rn ,di/rict ( ,cali=nia1 8by a comb9ation ( railroad employees1 is 9 itself unlawful1 if ! conc]t$ action is kn[+ly & wilfully direct$ by ! p>ties to x = ! purpose ( ob/ruct+ & ret>d+ ! passage ( ! mails1 or 9 re/ra9t ( trade & comm]ce among ! ,/ates40 8,x w be practically impossible h]eaft]10 reads ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,circuit ,c\rt decision 9 ! case ( ,wat]h\se et al4 vs4 ,crom] 7#ahic71 8= a body ( m5 to comb9e to h9d] & delay ! "w ( ! transportation company )\t becom+ am5able to ! provisions ( ^! /atutes40 ,! indef9ite diction ( _m ( ! ,/ate laws aga9/ 8intimidation & co]cion0 also gives wide scope to judicial discretion1 & p]mits ! occasional nam+ ( ! mo/ innocu\s acts z 8co]cion40 ,! necessity ( peace 9 an indu/rial society is ev]y:]e recogniz$2 & x is1 !re=e1 n surpris+ t really e>ne/ ef=ts h be5 made 9 behalf ( arbitration4 ,x obta9$1 9 a measure1 dur+ ! old] ,feudalism1 ?r\gh ! 8c\rts b>on10 :i* consid]$ t5antry & wage-que/ions2 & x is becom+ m common day by day4 ,)9 sixte5 ye>s tw5ty-"o ,/ates & ! ,unit$ ,/ates h pass$ m or less effective measures look+ to its use 9 labor disputes4 ,political co]cion is also a matt] t has won a l>ge %>e ( legislative att5tion2 tw5ty-n9e ,/ates & two ,t]ritories h enact$ laws reg>d+ x4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an important di/9ction to be made4 ,9 an ord9>y conflict ( political issues1 :5 ! magnates & _! reta9]s are to be f\nd 9 bo? p>ties1 x is obvi\s confusion & ! unsettl+ ( political conditions = ! employ]s to dictate h[ _! workm5 %all vote4 ,b :5 political issues sugge/ a class conflict1 z 9 #ahif1 "s ( ! provisions ( ^! laws are by common cons5t waiv$4 ,! humble toil] may vote z he likes on ! immat]ial que/ions ( ord9>y campaigns2 b on que/ions hav+ to d ) ! salvation ( society & ! pres]vation ( ! hall[$ code ( 8bus9ess10 in/ruction & ev5 g5tle pressure become ! solemn duty ( 8 social bett]s4 ,!re are few] laws1 x may be obs]v$1 reg>d+ ano!r k9d ( co]cion4 ,dis*>ges on acc\nt ( memb]%ip 9 a labor union are =bidd5 9 b fifte5 /ates2 & 9 two ( ^! 7,ill9ois & ,miss\ri7 su* provisions h be5 f\nd1 aft] mu* pa9/ak+ /udy1 to be uncon/itutional4 ,! discov]y is consid]$ a mo/ happy "o2 & accord+ to ! injunction ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 t 8full fai? & cr$it %all be giv5 9 ea* ,/ate to ! public acts1 records1 & judicial proce$+s ( e o!r ,/ate10 ! rul+ w no d\bt be f\nd applicable 9 a numb] ( ! o!r commonweal?s4 ,,iv ,our lawmak]s are n to be blam$ = decisions ( uncon/itutionality4 ,r1 !y are to be congratulat$4 ,= ! rec5t t5d5cy ( ! judges to det]m9e = !mselves :at %all be enact$ into law has develop$ new refuges = ! lawmak]s4 ,we h n[ ,solon1 ! legislator1 & ,rhadaman?us1 ! judge1 9 new rles--! rles ( ! good & bad p>tn] ( ,dick5s's novel4 ,to ! humble vot]1 :5 ! pressure f bel[ conflicts ) ! pressure f above1 ,solon is n[ able to /& z ! support] ( popul> measures1 & to ?r[ ^u ! less responsible ,rhadaman?us ! onus ( decl>+ !m bad law4 ,! fury ( ! magnate at ,solon's demagogy is mitigat$1 if n ext+ui%$1 :5 he consid]s ! difficulties ( ! lawmak]'s position1 & especially by ! fur!r consid]ation t ,rhadaman?us has ! f9al ^w to say4 ,solon has o!r refuges1 x is true2 & sometimes ^! mu/ be avail$ (1 = x is n always c]ta9 t a project$ popul> measure c be decl>$ uncon/itutional4 ,= sev]al ye>s x _h be5 consid]$ possible1 = in/ance1 t an employ]s' liability act1 if pass$ 9 ,new ,york1 w\ld /& ! te/ ( ! c\rts4 ,x became ! cu/om1 !re=e1 :5 an adequate measure on ?is subject 0 introduc$1 = ! adv]se int]e/s to introduce a conflict+ bill4 ,! +5i\s lawmak] !reupon regretfully f\nd a divid$ public s5tim5t1 & z a consequ5ce no bill 0 pass$4 ,!re are no reasons at h& = acc\nt+ = ! fact t at ! la/ session ( ! ,albany legislature su* a measure 0 actually enact$4 ,v ,h[ f> our legislators are enabl$ to )/& public s5tim5t1 no matt] h[ /rongly bas$ 9 reason & h[ def9ite 9 objective1 may be in/anc$ 9 ! attitude ( ,congress reg>d+ ! ,safety-appliance act ( #ahic4 ,agitation = ?is measure _h gr[n to su* an ext5t t action c\ld no long] be delay$4 ,b ?\gh action on ! bill c\ld n be delay$1 ! t]ms ( fulfilm5t ( ! bill c\ld be po/pon$ to a comp>atively remote p]iod4 ,! numb] ( railway employees kill$ 9 ! ye> end$ ,june #cj1 #ahic1 0 #bgbg1 a numb] exce$+ ! ,union dea? roll 9 e battle ( ! ,civil ,w> except ,gettysburg1 & )9 #bdc ( t record4 ,9 ! same ye> ! numb] ( w\nd$ 7#ca1gbi7 0 m ?an ?ree times z great z ! numb] ( ,union w\nd$ at ei!r ,antietam or ,*ancellorsville1 & m ?an d\ble t at ,gettysburg4 ,yet despite ?is trem5d\s c>nage1 ! legislators1 wav]+ betwe5 ! public dem&s & ! dem&s ( ! magnates1 ?\gh !y pass$ ! bill1 g5]\sly grant$ five ye>s = its complete obs]vance1 & !n gave ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission ! p[] to grant fur!r delays--9 effect giv+ sev5 ye>s = its fulfilm5t4 ,9 ^? sev5 ye>s #ac1ijf employees 7 kill$--a loss exce$+ ! ,union dea? roll at ,gettysburg1 ,spottsylvania1 ! ,wild]ness1 ,antietam1 ,*ancellorsville & ,*ickamauga comb9$--& approximately #bbj1jjj 7 w\nd$1 or m ?an ?ree times ! numb] ( ,union w\nd$ 9 ^? six battles4 ,t a great "p ( ?is casualty record 0 avoidable is evid5c$ 9 ! ,augu/ report ( ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission1 :i* %[s t ! numb] ( employees kill$ 9 c\pl+ accid5ts 9 ! ye> end$ ,june #cj1 #aija1 decl9$ f #bhb to #aih1 & ! numb] injur$ f #ebbi to #bgfh4 ,x 0 9 #ahic t ?is g5]\s latitude 0 grant$ ! magnates4 ,7 ! occasion to arise n[1 x is probable t ! t]m ( grace w\ld numb] f\rte5 ye>s in/ead ( sev54 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,our ,,int]pret]s ,,( ,,law ,! attitude ( ! judici>y 9 matt]s involv+ class antagonisms is a subject ^u :i* only ! mo/ re/ra9$ language is tol]able4 ,ev5 g5]al inf]5ces :i* sugge/ su* a ?+ z judicial bias mu/ be avoid$4 ,fai? 9 ! rectitude & wisdom ( our judges is a virtue s$ul\sly prea*$1--p]haps mo/ insi/5tly by ^? :o d mo/ t[>d _! corruption1--& ?\gh ! virtue z we "k x is r vocal ?an imman5t1 x is suffici5tly deep-seat$ to be intol]ant ( spok5 h]esy4 ,7 x op5ly que/ion$ by any consid]able body ( citiz5s1 ! foolh>dy p]sons w\ld soon br+ d[n ^u !mselves ! rally+ onslaught ( ^? het]og5e\s elem5ts :i* ,k>l ,m>x some:at extravagantly pictur$1 8l&lords & capitali/s1 /ock-ex*ange wolves & %opkeep]s1 protectioni/s & free-trad]s1 gov]nm5t & opposition1 prie/s & free?9k]s1 "y /reet-walk]s & old nuns--"u ! common cry = ! salvation ( prop]ty1 religion1 ! family1 & society40 ,su* h]etics might h all ! c]ta9ty ( ,paul1 8t ! law is good1 if a man use x lawfully10 & yet x w\ld be a p>l\s ?+ to be op5ly sceptical ( ! assumption t x is always lawfully us$4 ,b at lea/ "o may1 )\t atta9d] ( an>*y1 assemble & classify c]ta9 in/ances1 & po9t out _! co9cid5ces & _! contr>ieties4 ,!re is1 = example1 a notable sam5ess 9 k9d ( ! laws :i* are decl>$ uncon/itutional4 ,!re is1 to utt] x mildly1 a va/ prepond]ance 9 ! numb] ( injunctions aga9/ /rik+1 boycott+1 & agitat+ ov] ! numb] aga9/ lock+-out1 blackli/+1 & ! employm5t ( arm$ m]c5>ies4 ,!re is a practical1 ?\gh n an entire1 unanimity aga9/ ! aw>d+ ( damages to injur$ employees1 :e!r ! decision be bas$ on common or /atute law2 &1 f9ally1 !re is a consid]able div]sity betwe5 ! decisions usually r5d]$ by judges elect$ = %ort t]ms1 & !re=e directly responsible to ! p1 & ^? r5d]$ by ! less responsible judges1 elect$ = long t]ms or appo9t$4 ,i ,! legislative aspects ( employ]s' liability h already be5 consid]$4 ,c]ta9 judicial aspects ( ! matt] ne$ also to be t\*$ ^u4 ,! "q is "o ( grave social import4 ,! work] no long] owns 8 tools1 b mu/ use ! ma*9]y provid$ = him4 ,a c]ta9 elem5t ( dang] inh]es 9 ! op]ation ( probably all ma*9]y2 b :5 old1 defective1 or ) its dang]\s p>ts ungu>d$1 injuries to its op]atives are well-nigh c]ta94 ,yet = su* injuries1 ) _! awful consequ5ces to ! op]ative & 8 dep5d5t ones1 !re is g5]ally no r$ress1 except 9 a few ,/ates :]e /atutes h fix$ ! matt] ( liability 9 set t]ms :i* leave no room = judicial discretion4 ,"u ! common law ! workman is held to assume ! risk att5d+ 8 employm5t4 ,he is a free ag5t--s ! legal fiction runs--& if afraid ( injury ne$ n "w4 ,common law also presupposes ! provid+ ( a 8reasonably safe0 place & 8reasonably safe0 ma*9]y by ! employ]4 ,x w\ld be difficult to det]m9e1 h[ev]1 f ! mass ( decisions "u ! common law1 :at is meant by 8reasonably safe40 ,a ,colorado l[] c\rt gave damages to ! "m ( a m9] kill$ by fall+ rock :ile remov+ dbris f "o ( ! m9es ( ! ,moon-,an*or ,consolidat$ ,gold ,m9es1 ,limit$4 ,! case came f9ally to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,circuit ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,eigh? ,di/rict1 & ! judgm5t 0 rev]s$1 ,judges ,sanborn & ,adams concurr+ & ,judge ,?ay] diss5t+4 ,! "w 0 admitt$ly haz>d\s2 9 ! op9ion ( ,judge ,?ay] 8! place 0 ne$lessly made unsafe by ! ma/]'s neglig5ce40 ,! concurr+ judges1 h[ev]1 decid$ t ! company's neglig5ce 0 n responsible1 & t 8! deceas$ ( 8 own free w det]m9$ to cope ) ^! risks & haz>ds4444 ,9 ?is1 8 own volunt>y conduct1 is f\nd ! int]v5+1 proximate1 & responsible cause ( 8 injury40 7#aaa ,f$]al ,report]1 #bih47 ,ev5 :5 ! employ] assures ! workman ( ! safety ( a ma*9e1 ! risk is /ill1 accord+ to _m decisions1 ! workman's4 ,! ,circuit ,c\rt ( ,%iawassee ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan1 refus$ to aw>d damages to a workman = injuries su/a9$ f a defective ma*9e :i* he 0 op]at+ = 8 employ]4 ,! case w5t to ! ,supreme ,c\rt on a writ ( error1 & on ,decemb] #ae1 #aijj1 t c\rt affirm$ ! previ\s judgm5t4 ,x _h be5 %[n t ! pla9tiff w>n$ 8 employ] ( ! dang] ( ! ma*9e1 & t ! employ] gave assurances to ! contr>y4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! words ( ,judge ,moon 7,moore871 8"o _c cont9ue to op]ate a ma*9e :i* he kn[s is dang]\s simply ^u ! assurance ( 8 employ] t x is n1 if he has j z mu* k ( ! dang] aris+ f ! op]ation ( ! ma*9e z ! pr9cipal has )\t assum+ ! risk40 7#hb ,n4 ,w4 ,report]1 #agig47 ,! decision1 read by ,judge ,mc,lennan1 9 ! rec5t case ( ,rice vs4 ! ,eureka ,pap] ,company 7#gf ,app4 ,div4 #ccf7 be=e ! ,f\r? ,appellate ,division ( ,new ,york ,/ate1 w\ld seem to indicate t ! burd5 ( risk is n to be %ift$ f ! workman ev5 :5 8 employ] ackn[l$ges a defect 9 ma*9]y & promises to rem$y x4 ,!re is "s d\bt1 h[ev]1 if su* a decision1 ?\gh valid 9 _m ,/ates1 w /& 9 ! ,/ate :]e x 0 giv52 = ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals has sev]al times decid$ t liability foll[s f an ackn[l$gm5t ( defective ma*9]y4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is highe/ c\rt ( ,new ,york ,/ate has won ! di/9ction ( c>ry+ ! doctr9e ( assumption ( risk to an extreme degree4 ,! case ( ,gabrielson vs4 ,waydell 7#ace ,n4 ,y4 #a7 involv$ ! "q ( ! liability ( ! own]s ( a m>itime vessel = injuries suff]$ by a sailor 9 _! employ4 ,! capta9 ( ! vessel _h committ$ a confess$ly unprovok$ & p>ticul>ly brutal assault ^u ! sailor1 :o _h subsequ5tly su$ ! own] = damages4 ,! c\rt decid$ t ! sailor _h no r$ress2 t 8! misconduct ( ! capta9 0 a risk assum$ by ! seaman1 = ! consequ5ces ( :i* ! own]s are n responsible40 ,a fact m curi\s yet to ! unlegal m9d is ! judicial cont5tion1 in/anc$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 t /atutory provisions = ! safegu>d+ ( ma*9]y may be waiv$ by ! workman4 ,evid5tly 8 burd5 ( risk1 l ! ,h9du's ca/e1 is born ) him1 & _c be laid aside or escap$4 ,! case ( ! ,e4 ,s4 ,higg9s ,c>pet ,company vs4 ,o',keefe 7#gi ,f$]al ,report]1 #ijj7 is an illu/ration4 ,damages = an injury receiv$ f an ungu>d$ ma*9e _h be5 giv5 a fifte5-ye>-old boy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,circuit ,c\rt = ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,circuit ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,second ,circuit1 h[ev]1 rev]s$ ! judgm5t4 ,! pla9tiff 0 a m9or1 b ?is fact 0 held to h no be>+4 8,we ?9k ! circum/ance t he 0 a m9or ( no importance10 read ! decision ( ,judge ,wallace4 8,! rules :i* gov]n actions = neglig5ce 9 ! case ( *ildr5 ( t5d] ye>s d n apply to m9ors :o h atta9$ ye>s ( discretion40 ,! ,new ,york factory act requir$ gu>ds = ?is p>ticul> k9d ( ma*9e4 ,b t1 also1 0 immat]ial4 8,! provisions ( ! /atute 444 requir+ cogs to be prop]ly gu>d$1 h no application to ! case1 except z reg>ds ! "q ( ! neglig5ce ( ! def5dant4 ,z con/ru$ by ! highe/ c\rts ( ! ,/ate1 ! /atute does n impose any liability ^u an employ] = injuries receiv$ by a m9or 9 8 s]vice 9 consequ5ce ( ! fault ( ! employee1 or aris+ f ! obvi\s risks ( ! s]vice he has und]tak5 to p]=m40 ,to cl9* ! matt]1 ,judge ,wallace cit$ ! !n rec5t case ( ,graves vs4 ,brew] be=e ! ,f\r? ,appellate ,division ( ,new ,york ,/ate1 :]e9 ! c\rt held t 8! liability ( ! employ] 0 n *ang$ by reason ( ! factory act requir+ cog-:eels to be cov]$1 because su* protection c\ld be waiv$ & 0 waiv$ by a p]son accept+ employm5t ^u ! ma*9e ) ! cogs 9 an ungu>d$ condition1 z ! dang] 0 app>5t1 & "o ( ! obvi\s risks ( ! employm5t40 ,! case ( ,knisley vs4 ,pratt 7#adh ,n4 ,y4 #cgb7 be=e ! ,new ,york ,c\rt ( ,appeals 0 decid$ 9 ! same way1 & also ! case ( ,:ite vs4 ,witteman ,li?ographic ,company4 ,9 ! latt] case ! pla9tiff 0 a *ild ( f\rte54 ,su* decisions are common 9 m ,/ates ?an "o4 ,ano!r case :i* may prove ( "s int]e/ to ! lay m9d is t ( ,gill5 vs4 ! ,patt5 & ,%]man ,railroad ,company 7#dd ,atlantic ,report]1 #cfa74 ,! pla9tiff1 :ile unc\pl+ c>s1 _h 8 foot cru%$ 9 an unfill$ frog1 & _h be5 aw>d$ damages4 ,a motion = a new trial 0 argu$ be=e ! ,supreme ,judicial ,c\rt ( ,ma9e1 & 0 grant$4 ,! decision1 deliv]$ by ,judge ,lucilius ,a4 ,em]y1 ackn[l$g$ ! exi/5ce ( a /atute 7*apt] #baf ( #ahhi7 requir+ ! fill+ or block+ ( gu>d rails or frogs on all railways be=e ,janu>y #a1 #ahij4 ,x held1 h[ev]1 t su* fill+ & block+ 0 n imm$iately m&atory ^u a railroad con/ruct$ aft] t date4 8,su* company is entitl$ to a reasonable "t = compliance ) t /atute40 ,x 0 at a cross+ ( su* a railway t ! tra9man lo/ 8 foot4 ,he _h no "r to assume t ! rails 7 block$1 m]ely because a /atute said !y %\ld be4 ,! brakeman1 !re=e1 assum$ ! risk1 & he also furni%$ contributory neglig5ce1 s9ce 8to move ab\t ov] frogs & swit*es :ile c\pl+ & unc\pl+ c>s1 ev5 9 mov+ tra9s1 )\t tak+ any ?\ght ( ! frogs & gu>d rails1 or z to :]e he may be /epp+1 is neglig5ce on 8 "p contribut+ to ! cat*+ 8 foot 9 !m40 ,:5 ! doctr9e ( assumption ( risk is inapplicable1 :5 p]sonal neglig5ce _c be %[n1 & :5 !re has be5 no waiv+ ( /atutory provisions by ! workman1 !re is yet1 9 judicial eyes1 "o la/ resort = ! def5dant company--! common-law plea ( neglig5ce on ! "p ( a fell[-workman4 ,!re is "s div]sity ( op9ion among em95t judges z to :o are /rictly fell[-s]vants4 8,! c\rts ( ! majority ( ! ,/ates hold1 h[ev]10 writes ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,d4 ,fess5d51 9 ! ,bullet9 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor = ,novemb]1 #aijj1 8t ! m]e diff]5ce 9 grades ( employm5t1 or 9 au?ority1 ) respect to ea* o!r1 does n remove !m f ! class ( fell[-s]vants z reg>ds ! liability ( ! employ] = injuries to ! "o caus$ by ! neglig5ce ( ! o!r40 ,?us x has happ5$ t a workman act+ 9 ! capacity ( ag5t = 8 employ]1 & ord]+ o!r workm5 to d tasks at :i* injuries h result$1 has be5 held to be a fell[-s]vant--a judgm5t reliev+ 8 employ] ( liability4 ,to ! lay m9d x w\ld seem t workm5 9 diff]5t dep>tm5ts c\ld h>dly be class$ z fell[-s]vants2 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt has r5d]$ a decision :i* makes possible1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 su* a discrim9ation4 ,s9ce !n1 h[ev]1 ! ,f$]al c\rts h suff]$ a reaction on ! "q1 & curr5t decisions t5d ! o!r way4 ,a case be=e a ,/ate tribunal--! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,georgia 7#ce ,s\!a/]n ,report]1 #cfe7--;illu/rates ! possibilities :i* lie 9 ?is doctr9e4 ,a l9eman1 :ile repair+ a wire = ! ,bru% ,electric ,light & ,p[] ,company1 at ,savannah1 ,ga41 0 kill$ ?r\gh ! act ( ! eng9e] 9 turn+ on ! curr5t4 ,! city c\rt ( ,savannah gave damages to 8 wid[4 ,! case 0 tak5 to ! ,/ate ,supreme ,c\rt1 & decision r5d]$ ,m>* #c1 #aijj4 ,! c\nsel = ! pla9tiff cont5d$ t ! fell[-s]vant doctr9e c\ld n apply1 on acc\nt ( ! l9eman & eng9e] work+ 9 diff]5t dep>tm5ts1 8s t !re 0 no opportunity = ! ex]tion ( a mutual influ5ce ^u ea* o!r's c>efulness40 ,! c\rt1 h[ev]1 rev]s$ ! v]dict4 ,! disp>ity ( op9ion betwe5 inf]ior judges & sup]ior judges 9 cases ( ?is k9d is rem>kable4 ,! mon?ly ,bullet9s ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor give a fairly excell5t summ>y ( c\rt decisions on labor que/ions4 ,he :o reads !m w f9d ! expression1 8judgm5t ( ! l[] c\rt rev]s$10 recurr+ ) a r pa9ful it]ation2 unless1 inde$1 ! decision ( ! l[] c\rt has rebuk$ ! pla9tiff1 :5 ! expression1 8judgm5t ( ! l[] c\rt affirm$10 is usually f\nd4 ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,alg]1 9 an article on 8,! ,c\rts & ,factory ,legislation10 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology = ,novemb]1 #aijj1 gives ! foll[+ c>eful & temp]ately word$ summ>y ( rec5t rev]sals 9 employ]s' liability cases 9 ,new ,york ,/ate3-- 8,! p]c5tage ( rev]sals on appeal 9 ma/]-&-s]vant cases ( ?is k9d1 :5 ! v]dict ( ! juries 9 ! c\rts bel[ _h be5 9 pla9tiff's favor1 is p]haps l>g] ?an 9 any o!r bran* ( litigation4 ,9 ,new ,york1 = example1 an exam9ation ( tw5ty volumes ( ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals reports 7#abf ,n4 ,y4-#aef ,n4 ,y47 %[s writt5 op9ions 9 ?irty-sev5 su* cases4 ,( ^!3 7#a7 9 ?ree cases ! juries 9 ! l[] c\rt _h f\nd = def5dant1 & pla9tiff 0 ! appellant2 7#b7 9 f\r cases ! c\rt bel[ _h dismiss$ pla9tiff's case z insuffici5t1 )\t requir+ def5dant to introduce any te/imony2 7#c7 9 ?irty cases ! juries bel[ _h f\nd = pla9tiff ) sub/antial damages4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 class 7#a7 affirm$ all ( ! cases :]e pla9tiff 0 defeat$ bel[4 ,9 class 7#b7 x rev]s$ ! f\r cases :]e pla9tiff _h be5 summ>ily non-suit$ & s5t ! cases back to trial c\rts to he> def5dant's te/imony3 a p>tial victory at mo/ = pla9tiff4 ,9 class 7#c71 :]e pla9tiff _h actually receiv$ a v]dict1 ( ! ?irty cases tw5ty-eight 7 rev]s$4 ,^! /ati/ics are int]e/+ z %[+ h[ complete is ! lack ( h>mony betwe5 ! c\rts1 at lea/ 9 ,new ,york1 & ! moral s5se ( ! p by :om ! c\rts 7 creat$1 9 reg>d to ^! cases4 ,twice 9 ?irty times d ! op9ions ( ! le>n$ judges ( ,new ,york's highe/ c\rt co9cide ) ! op9ions ( juries ( citiz5s z to ! requirem5ts ( ju/ice40 ,! t5d5cy1 :i* is mo/ cle>ly indicat$ by ! mass ( decisions 9 cases dem&+ damages = injuries or dea?1 is ! gr[+ disposition to make prop]ty p>am\nt & life subord9ate4 ,x is a common practice to set aside v]dicts ( damages on ! score t !y are excessive4 ,x is no less a common practice to in/ruct ! jury to decide = ! def5dant 9 ord] to rebuke litigation4 ,! language ( ! lead+ "w on "o phase ( ?is subject--,%e>man & ,r$field's 8,a ,treatise on ! ,law ( ,neglig5ce0--sums up ! matt] 9 a few words3-- 8,x has become q common = judges to /ate z ! gr\nd ( decisions ! necessity ( re/rict+ litigation4 ,r$uc$ to pla9 ,engli%1 ?is means ! necessity ( compell+ ! great majority ( m5 & wom5 to submit to inju/ice 9 ord] to relieve judges f ! labor ( aw>d+ ju/ice4444 ,! /ubborn resi/ance ( bus9ess corporations1 common c>ri]s1 & mill-own]s1 to ! en=cem5t ( ! mo/ mod]ate laws = ! protection ( human be+s f injury1 & _! utt] failure to provide su* protection ( _! own accord1 ought to satisfy any imp>tial judge t true ju/ice dem&s a con/ant expansion ( ! law 9 ! direction ( increas$ responsibility = neglig5ce40 ,,ii 8,law10 wrote ,sir ,edw>d ,coke1 8is ! p]fection ( reason40 ,?is may be true2 b1 if s1 x t5ds to ?r[ mank9d ov] to ! position ( ! ,ca?olics1 t ! reason itself ne$s consid]able p]fect+4 ,?is is n only ! disposition ( ! lay m9d1 b1 evid5tly1 also ( ! supreme judicial m9d2 = a l>ge "p ( ! high] judicial activity dur+ rec5t ye>s has be5 exp5d$ 9 decl>+ null & void laws pass$ by two h\ses ( ! p's repres5tatives & sign$ by an elect$ ,gov]nor or ,presid5t4 ,mr4 ,/imson1 9 8 summ>y ( labor legislation = ! ye>s #ahhg-ig1 f\nd t only #aad out ( ! #afci laws pass$ _h be5 decl>$ uncon/itutional4 ,b ^! #aad compris$ examples f #ai out ( ! #ce classes ( legislation pass$1 & mu/ !re=e h react$ ^u a v consid]able numb] ( ! rema9d]4 ,x is a co9cid5ce :i* has be5 not$ be=e1 & ne$ n be specially insi/$ ^u "h1 t ! ov]:elm+ majority ( laws :i* fail to rea* ! con/itutional /&>ds set by our judges are ^? int5d$ to safegu>d ! int]e/s ( ! indu/rially subord9ate & to set "s limitation to ! p[]s ( ! indu/rially mighty4 ,! judicial m9d1 h[ev]1 affects to "k no diff]5ce betwe5 high & l[1 betwe5 weak & /rong2 & ?us its decisions1 ignor+ actual conditions1 t5d m & m to /r5g!n ! p[]s ( "o class & to weak5 ! p[]s ( ano!r4 8,lib]ty0 is ! %ibbole?2 ! citiz5 mu/ be free to act z he wills4 ,some:at curi\sly1 ?\gh1 lib]ty ( spee*1 press1 & assemblage is n s /r5u\sly insi/$ ^u2 &1 inde$1 by injunctions & o!r judicial det]m9ations is at times r sev]ely limit$3 ! m9]s ( ,we/ ,virg9ia h be5 rec5tly enjo9$ f hold+ meet+s on _! own gr\nds4 ,b economic lib]ty--! lib]ty ( ! dep5d5t classes to d acts :i*1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 !y _c possibly d--is held = a sacr$ pr9ciple4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ext5sion ( ! ,/ate's police p[]1 limit+ ! =ego+ doctr9e1 has ga9$ "s headway s9ce ! ,utah decision confirm$ a ,/ate's "r to limit ! h\rs ( "w = m5 9 dang]\s trades2 b ! det]m9ation ( h[ f> x is to be appli$ re/s l>gely ) ! =ty-eight ,/ate & ,t]ritorial c\rts2 & x is a safe guess t x w meet ) /iff resi/ance if inc>nat$ 9 fur!r 8advanc$0 legislation4 8,no discrim9ation10 :i* 9 effect means mu* discrim9ation1 foll[s ! judicial %ibbole? ( 8lib]ty40 ,especially zeal\s = ! protection ( lib]ty & ke5ly wat*ful ( propos$ discrim9ation is t em95t tribunal1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,ill9ois4 ,"s six ye>s ago x discov]$ t ! /atute regulat+ ! h\rs ( wom5 work]s 9 ! factories contrav5$ ! ,f$]al & ,/ate con/itutional gu>antees ( 8life1 lib]ty1 & prop]ty40 ,a woman's labor 0 h] prop]ty1 & any limitation ( x 0 a deprivation 8)\t due process ( law40 ,on ,decemb] #bj1 #aijj1 x fell to ! lot ( ?is tribunal to pass ^u two labor laws1--to ! lay m9d entirely diff]5t 9 pr9ciple1--&1 by a some:at difficult /ruggl+ along p>allel l9es ( argum5t1 triumphantly to rea* conclusions adv]se to bo? ( !m4 ,"o 0 ! ,*icago ord9ance requir+ union labor & an eight-h\r day on all public "w contract$ =2 ! o!r ! ,/ate /atute prohibit+ dis*>ge ( an employee = belong+ to a labor union4 ,reg>d+ ! ord9ance1 ! union requirem5t1 9 ! words ( ,associate ,ju/ice ,magrud]1 8am\nts to a discrim9ation betwe5 diff]5t classes ( citiz5s40 ,x is !re=e void1 & ! eight-h\r provision is also void1 because x 8infr+es ^u ! fre$om ( contract1 to :i* e citiz5 is entitl$ "u ! law4444 ,any /atute provid+ t ! employ] & labor] may n agree ) ea* o!r z to :at "t %all con/itute a day's "w is an invalid act40 7#eh ,nor!a/]n ,report]1 #ihe47 ,)\t v5tur+ to discuss ?is rul+1 "o may at lea/ comp>e x ) ! rul+ on ! ,/ate /atute4 ,! latt] 0 a law int5d$ to prev5t discrim9ation aga9/ union m54 ,b1 curi\sly to ! unlegal m9d1 x is discov]$ to be discrim9ation 9 favor ( ! union man4 8,! act c]ta9ly does grant to t class ( labor]s :o belong to union labor organizations a special privilege40 7#eh ,nor!a/]n ,report]1 #ajjg47 ,! act 0 also f\nd to 8contrav5e ^? provisions ( ! ,/ate & ,f$]al con/itutions :i* gu>antee t no p]son %all be depriv$ ( #8life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty )\t due process ( law4'0 8,t /ra9 aga910 z ,ors9o1 9 8,twelf? ,night10 exclaims4 ,x has n1 h[ev]1 a 8dy+ fall10 = x has be5 tak5 up & e*o$ 9 o!r qu>t]s s9ce4 ,! lib]ty ( ! employ] to pay 8 employees 9 brass *ecks or /ore ord]s 0 affirm$ by ! ,kansas ,supreme ,c\rt on ,decemb] #i1 #ahif1 & ! act requir+ paym5t 9 lawful money 0 decl>$ invalid4 8,to say t a free citiz5 c contract = or agree to receive 9 return = 8 labor "o k9d ( prop]ty only1 & t :i* repres5ts ! smalle/ "p ( ! aggregate weal? ( ! c\ntry1 is a cle> re/riction ( ! "r to b>ga9 & trade1 a suppression ( individual ef=t1 a d5ial ( inali5able rights40 ,anti-truck acts 7 also decl>$ uncon/itutional by ! c\rts ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,! ,k5tucky ,supreme ,c\rt1 h[ev]1 n9e mon?s aft] ! ,kansas decision1 f\nd t lib]ty & ! compulsory paym5t ( wages 9 lawful money 7 compatible1 s t ! "q is at lea/ op54 ,decisions l t ( ! ,kansas c\rt1 & ! some:at simil> decisions r5d]$ 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ill9ois1 & ,t5nessee1 ( c\rse fa/5 ! labor] to ! company /ore2 b ( ?is ! c\rts usually take no cognizance4 ,actual lib]ty may be re/ra9$1 b !oretical lib]ty mu/ n be tamp]$ )4 ,weekly paym5t laws are f\nd to conflict ) lib]ty 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 & ,indiana4 ,moreov]1 ! lib]ty ( a legislature to det]m9e t prevail+ wages %all be paid to employees ( city & ,/ate mu/ n be confus$ by ! lay m9d ) ! lib]ty ( ! wage-e>n] to "w "u :at conditions he mu/4 ,= ! =m] is cle>ly uncon/itutional1 z decid$ 9 ,new ,york by ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 ,febru>y1 #aija4 8,! effect ( ?is /atute ! ,prevail+ ,rate ( ,wages act10 reads ! decision ( ,judge ,d5is ,o',bri51 80 to make ! city ( ,new ,york a tru/ee or in/rum5t = ! en=cem5t ( ! law 9 ! int]e/s ( ! p]sons = ^: b5efit x 0 enact$1 & ?us ! p[]s & functions ( ! municipality are employ$ = purposes =eign to ^? = :i* !y 7 creat$ & exi/ "u ! ,con/itution40 ,! eight-h\r laws pass$ 9 sev]al ( ! ,/ates h g5]ally suff]$ ! ,ill9ois fate1 al?\gh ,kansas prov$ an exception4 ,regulation ( ! work+ h\rs ( wom5 0 nullifi$ n only 9 ,ill9ois1 b 9 ,nebraska & ,cali=nia4 ,! police-p[] doctr9e1 z voic$ 9 ! ,utah decision1 may ju/ify a limitation ( ! work+ day 9 dang]\s trades1 b o!rwise su* a limitation appe>s to be an infr+em5t ( ! "r ( contract1 or a deprivation ( 8prop]ty0 )\t 8due process ( law40 ,ev5 ! ,national ,eight-h\r law ( #ahfh1 :ile n /rictly uncon/itutional1 is held to be m]ely advisory4 8,we reg>d ! /atute10 says ! ,supreme ,c\rt 7#id ,u4 ,s4 #djd71 8*iefly z 9 ! nature ( a direction f ! pr9cipal to 8 ag5t t eight h\rs is deem$ to be a prop] l5g? ( "t = a day's labor1 & t 8 contract %all be bas$ ^u t !ory40 ,anti-tru/ laws may be q z lack+ 9 con/itutional decorum z are eight-h\r & prevail+-wages laws2 & ! judici>y res]ves to itself ! "r to det]m9e :at are ! /&>ds4 ,! ,texas ,anti-tru/ law ( #ahhi1 = in/ance1 ov]leapt judicial sanction4 8,x is n e re/riction ( competition or trade10 reads ! decision ( ,di/rict ,judge ,*>les ,swayne 7,febru>y #bb1 #ahig71 8t is illegal or aga9/ public policy1 or t w ju/ify police regulation1 b only su* z are unw>rantable or oppressive2 & a ,/ate /atute :i* prohibits comb9ations =m$ = ! purpose ( reasonably re/rict+ competition violates ! rights ( contracts gu>ante$ by ! ,f$]al ,con/itution40 7#gi ,f$]al ,report]1 #fbg47 ,ano!r legislature1 ) ?is lesson be=e x1 w "k bett] :]e to set b\nds to its attempt at int]f]5ce4 ,"o _c pass ?is phase ( ! g5]al subject )\t recurr+ to ! p]t95t advice ( ! wise ,sir ,francis ,bacon4 8,judges10 he wrote 9 8 essay1 8,( ,judicature10 8ought to rememb] t _! (fice is jus dic]e1 & n jus d>e1 to int]pret law1 & n to make law4444 ,judges ought to be m le>n$ ?an witty1 m rev]5d ?an plausible1 & m advis$ ?an confid5t4444 ,a judge ought to prep>e 8 way to a j s5t5ce1 z ,god use? to prep>e 8 way1 by rais+ valleys & tak+ d[n hills2 s :5 !re appe>e? on ei!r side a high h&1 444 cunn+ advantages tak51 comb9ation1 p[]1 great c\nsel1 !n is ! virtue ( a judge se5 to make inequality equal2 t he may pa9t 8 judgm5t z ^u an ev5 gr\nd40 ,wise c\nsel6 ?\gh x seems to h lack$ some?+ 9 obs]vance two hundr$ & sev5ty-five ye>s ago1 & may be suspect$1 ev5 yet1 ( n always & ev]y:]e rea*+ entire fulfilm5t4 ,,iii ,we h ! te/imony ( no less em95t an au?ority ?an ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,judge ,john ,j4 ,jackson1 ( ! ,nor!rn ,di/rict ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 t 9 all 8 exp]i5ce on ! b5* he c\ld n recall a s+le occasion :5 any c\rt1 ei!r ,f$]al or ,/ate1 ev] abus$ ! writ ( injunction 9 /rike que/ions4 ,x is a def9ite & au?oritative pron\ncem5t2 & ! re/ra9$ & c>eful language accompany+ x1 :]e9 ! (ficials ( labor unions are describ$ z 8a pr(essional set ( agitators10 & 8vampires t fatt5 on ! hone/ labor ( ! coal m9]s10 c]ta9ly proves t x _c be an ex p>te /atem5t4 ,yet1 = all t1 !re is a widely diffus$ s5tim5t t ! writ ( injunction has occasionally be5 abus$ 9 /rike que/ions4 ,9 ! same locality1 at ab\t ! same "t1 an injunction issu$ by ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,judge ,b4 ,f4 ,kell]1 ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 decl>$1 among a multitude ( o!r prohibitions1 t ! /rik]s 8are fur!r inhibit$1 enjo9$1 & re/ra9$ f assembl+ 9 camp or o!rwise10 ev5 on gr\nds leas$ by !m = _! meet+s4 ,a pamphlet1 prep>$ by five memb]s ( ! ,new ,york ,b> & issu$ by ! ,social ,re=m ,club1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 9 ! summ] ( #aijj1 gives ! sub/ance ( a numb] ( injunctions t h be5 issu$ aga9/ /rik+ workm54 8,9 ! case ( ! ,sun ,pr9t+ & ,publi%+ ,company vs4 ,delaney & o!rs 9 ,decemb] 7#ahii710 says ! pamphlet3-- 8,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,new ,york1 among o!r ?+s1 enjo9$ ! def5dants f ! ex]cise ( _! "r to give ! public _! side ( ! controv]sy ) ! ,sun z an argum5t aga9/ adv]tis+ 9 a pap] :i* !y claim$ _h treat$ !m unju/ly2 x also =bade !m f attempt+ to p]suade newsdeal]s f sell+ ! pap]2 & f9ally w\nd up ) a sweep+ re/ra9t #8f 9 any o!r mann] or by any o!r means int]f]+ ) ! prop]ty1 prop]ty rights1 or bus9ess ( ! pla9tiff4' ,x %\ld be add$ t1 on appeal1 ! ,appellate ,division /ruck out ^! comm&s2 b !y 7 s pla9ly subv]sive ( fundam5tal rights t x is difficult to see h[ !y c\ld h be5 grant$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 8,9 /ill ano!r case la/ ye>--,! ,:eel+ ,railway ,company vs4 ,john ,smi? & o!rs 7s runs ! title ( ! action )\t nam+ ! o!rs7--9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,circuit ,c\rt1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 two m5 n p>ties to ! action1 nor f\nd to be ag5ts ( #8,john ,smi? & o!rs1' :oev] !y may h be51 7 puni%$ = contempt ( c\rt1 =1 among o!r ?+s1 #8revil+' & #8curs+' ! c\rt8 n at all1 b = #8revil+' & #8curs+' employees ( ! railroad company4 ,if ^! m5 _h n actually s]v$ out an imprisonm5t 9 jail = ?irty days z a puni%m5t = contempt ( corporation1 x might be ?\ght t y\r committee _h tak5 ?is example f op]a b\ffe4 ,! legality ( ?is puni%m5t 0 nev] pass$ on by ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 = ! reason1 z y\r committee und]/&1 t ! p>ties 7 unable to be> ! exp5se ( tak+ x !re1 & s s]v$ _! t]m 9 jail4 8,dur+ ! f9al draft+ ( our report a tempor>y injunction has be5 grant$ by a ,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt 9 ,new ,york ,city4444 ,?is injunction =bids ! def5dants c]ta9 memb]s ( ! ,cig> ,mak]s' ,int]national ,union ev5 f approa*+ _! =m] employ]s = ! laudable purpose ( rea*+ an amicable result2 x =bids !m f mak+ _! case kn[n to ! public if ! t5d5cy ( t is to vex ! pla9tiffs or make !m uneasy2 x =bids !m f try+ 9 a p]fectly peaceable way 9 any place 9 ! city1 ev5 9 ! privacy ( a man's own home1 to p]suade a new employee t ju/ice is on _! side1 & t he ought to sympa?ize ) !m suffici5tly n to "w = unju/ employ]s2 &1 f9ally1 x =bids ! union f pay+ money to ! /rik]s to support _! families dur+ ! /rike40 ,su* in/ances1 z ! pamphlet /ates1 c be multipli$4 ,p]haps !y d n :olly controv]t ,judge ,jackson's decl>ation4 ,b1 at lea/1 !y illu/rate an unbridgeable disp>ity betwe5 ! def9itions ( ju/ice held on ! "o h& by our int]pret]s ( law1 & on ! o!r by ! ov]:elm+ majority ( ! citiz5%ip4 ,t disp>ity has be5 great 9 all rec5t times2 b weekly & daily x gr[s great]4 ,! /rong] incl9ation ( ! judici>y to make prop]ty ! p>am\nt int]e/ is ev]y:]e obs]v$2 & ! magnates1 ) an exultant recognition ( ! fact1 make ha/e to enjoy ! fruits ( ! new disp5sation4 ,,iv ,f judge%ip to attorney%ip ( a great corporation has rec5tly become a common promotion4 ,! numb] ( ex-judges :o h be5 ?us translat$ to high] sees is notable3 "o f9ds or he>s ( !m 9 _m places4 ,republics may be ungrateful1 z ! adage runs1 b n s ! magnates4 ,! gratitude ( ! latt] may n be :olly platonic2 x includes1 no d\bt1 a lively s5se ( favors to come4 ,b :e!r prospective or retrospective1 x expresses itself 9 de$s ( recomp5se1 & t is ! ma9 te/4 ,x is a discrim9at+ gratitude1 moreov]4 ,ke5ly en\gh1 x recognizes ! comp>ative value ( s]vice4 ,o!r s]vitors ( ! magnates may toil fai?fully1 & receive b mod]ate rew>d4 ,! m\ld]s ( op9ion1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! newspap] m51 may ask = pref]m5t1 & be met by ! impati5t retort ( ,ri*>d ,,iii to ,buck+ham1 8,i am n 9 ! giv+ ve9 to-day40 ,b = "o :o c int]pret ! law z x %\ld be int]pret$1 !re are glory & ri*es to be _h = ! ask+4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,our ,,m\ld]s ,,( ,,op9ion 8,!re nev] 0 a "t10 says ,ju/ice ,brew]1 9 ! conclud+ lecture ( a s]ies rec5tly deliv]$ by him at ,yale ,univ]sity1 8:5 public op9ion 0 m pot5t40 ,possibly ! say+ is true2 b :atev] =ce x may h lies 9 ! application4 ,public op9ion may make = a g5]al passivity--an acquiesc5ce 9 ?+s z !y are--q z mu* z = a g5]al /r5u\sness4 ,n[h]e1 = in/ance1 among civiliz$ peoples1 is public op9ion m p[]ful ?an 9 a quiet & isolat$ community1 held fa/ to c]ta9 habitual modes ( spee* & action4 ,only a brave man1 or a desp]ate woman1 s environ$1 w\ld d>e defy ! tribal cu/oms4 ,public op9ion 9 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates may be m pot5t ?an ev] be=e1 b ! p]sonal attitude :i* x supports & enc\rages becomes m & m "o ( acquiesc5ce 9 ! exi/+ rgime4 ,a legislative reaction & a judicial reaction are manife/$2 & a gr[+ irritation is express$1 z f "t to "t ^? rude di/urb]s ( ! public peace1 ! social re=m]s1 come =w>d ) plans = cur+ imput$ evils4 ,social & political quietism becomes our ev]yday philosophy4 ,an 8air ( cont5tm5t & en?usia/ic *e]fulness 444 *>act]izes our society10 writes ,pr(essor ,william ,g4 ,sumn]1 ( ,yale1 9 a rec5t numb] ( ! ,indep5d5t2 & ?\gh ! judgm5t might be some:at m accurately word$1 he is n f> wrong4 ,a ke5-ey$ obs]v] f ,italy1--,pr(essor ,angelo ,mosso1 ( ,tur91--:o visit$ u a few ye>s ago1 gives some:at simil> te/imony4 ,! fact a/oni%es him1 z he confesses1 s9ce he saw mu* ( political & indu/rial evil :i* he c\ld n compreh5d a democracy endur+2 yet = all t ! evid5ce 0 conv9c+4 ,i ,among ! causes mak+ = ?is acquiesc5ce 9 exi/+ social conditions1 !re are ?ree :i* may be consid]$ "h4 ,! fir/ is ! "o :i* s /rongly impress$ ,pr(essor ,mosso4 ,x is ! rage = individual exploitation4 ,! imag9ations ( mo/ m5 are fir$ by ! spectacle ( ! few a*iev+ great =tunes2 ea* believes t a l =tune lies some:]e )9 8 own rea*1 & ) bl9d fatuity he tol]ates conditions :i* he in/9ctively feels to be inequitable1 simply because he expects himself to ma/] !m4 8,i believe10 writes ,pr(essor ,mosso1 8t ! desire to become weal?y is s /rong & p[]ful 9 e ,am]ican t1 9 ord] to res]ve ! opportunity ( realiz+ su* desire1 ,am]icans will+ly submit to ! cont9uance ( laws :i* all[ su* accumulations40 ,x is ! petty gambl]'s fai?1 ! conviction t1 ?\gh ev]y?+ be aga9/ him1 he w someh[ 8beat ! game40 ,& j z ! petty gambl]'s fai? is fo/]$ by ! runn]s & 8capp]s0 = f>o1 policy1 r\lette1 & k5o1 s ! fai? ( ! indu/rial und]l+ is fo/]$ by a trem5d\s trumpet+ ( ! ways & means to worldly 8success40 ,! prea*+ ( 8success0 has become1 9 ^! la/ five ye>s1 a di/9ct pr(ession1 honor$ & well recomp5s$4 ,a second cause ( ! prevail+ acquiesc5ce 9 ! pres5t rgime applies m p>ticul>ly to social re=m]s1 & to ^? :o1 :ile n actively enli/$ z 8come-out]s10 d yet sympa?ize ) ! activities ( _! m aggressive bre?r54 ,x is a feel+1 born ( ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 promot+ "s collective good1 ( ! hopelessness ( a*ievem5t4 ,oppos$ at all po9ts1 fru/rat$ at _m1 !re comes a "t1 soon] or lat]1 :5 all b ! mo/ resolute re=m]s are =c$ to admit t little or no?+ c be done4 ,_m !reupon fall back into ! ranks ( ! d-no?+s & ! c>e-no?+s2 :ile o!rs1 9 :om ! fire ( purpose is n entirely qu5*$1 reluctantly ex*ange _! radical & compreh5sive plans ( social *anges = m n>r[ & imm$iate purposes1--! giv+ ( small *>ities1 ! do+ ( ne>-at-h& s]vices1 & ! occasional support ( a p>ticul> public measure4 ,,ii ,a ?ird1 & p]haps ! mo/ important1 cause is ! cont9ual output f pulpit1 sanctum1 =um1 & college *air1 ( our pr(essional m\ld]s ( op9ion4 ,n[ n all ( ?is output1 x is freely conc$$1 makes = acquiesc5ce2 b ! ov]:elm+ mass ( x unque/ionably does4 ,f ^! in/ructors ( ! p we le>n t conditions1 :ile n p]fect1 ei!r are reasonably ne> to p]fection1 or1 if evil1 are n to be correct$ except by individual reg5]ation4 ,we le>n ( ! irrationality or ! moral obliquity ( discont5t2 ! vici\sness or fanaticism ( imp]t95t p]sons :o seek to *ange ?+s2 ! virtues ( ob$i5ce2 ! obligation ( toil 7specifically direct$ to ^? :o are do+ mo/ ( ! _w's "w1 = ! pr(it ( o!rs71 & ( ! wor?1 b5evol5ce1 & indisp5sability ( our magnates4 ,! d5unciation ( discont5t becomes m common & m emphatic4 ,a pl5tiful crop ( in/ances is always =?com+ to any "o :o c>es to look = !m4 ,! g5]ation ( ,r\sseau & ! foll[+ g5]ation ( ,jeff]son set high hopes = mank9d on ! faculty ( discont5t4 ,! pa/ g5]ation1 compromis+ betwe5 !ology & evolution1 f\nd 9 discont5t a p]petual factor mak+ = ! creation ( a bett] environm5t4 ,b our pres5t reaction takes u back to ! days ( ! ,/u>ts4 ,! magnific5t invectives ( ,dryd51 voic$ 9 t-- 8full res\nd+ l9e1 ,! long maje/ic m>* & en]gy div9e10 aga9/ ! s$ition & discont5t frequ5tly manife/$ dur+ ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii1 might s]ve = a ?\s& texts = pres5t-day s]mons1 lectures1 & editorials4 ,! ?\ght1 common ^! la/ hundr$ ye>s1 t discont5t is usually ! result ( privation1 wrong1 or oppression1 is giv5 ov]2 & our mod]n m\ld]s ( op9ion rev]t to ! notion t x is fo/]$ by ease & com=t4 8,to :at w\ld he on quail & pheasant swell ,t ev5 on tripe & c>rion c\ld rebel80 asks 8,glori\s ,john0 9 satiriz+ 8 rival ,%adwell4 ,tripe & c>rion did n =m ! usual n\ri%m5t = rebellion4 ,we f9d ! same idea con/antly e*o$ 9 v rec5t days2 & ! dem&s ( organiz$ workm5 = bett] pay are almo/ inv>iably reg>d$ 9 c]ta9 intellectual circles z evid5ces1 n ( ne$1 b ( ! pride & rebelli\sness eng5d]$ by an already atta9$ compet5cy4 ,honors are ev5 betwe5 *ur*m5 & lay publici/s1 :5 x comes to ! d5unciation ( discont5t4 ,! pulpit1 ! /ump1 ! college *air1 & ! editorial sanctum are alike busi$ ) its condemnation4 ,p]haps a typical protagoni/ 9 ! "w 0 ! late ,e4 ,l4 ,godk94 ,! ?\ght recurs aga9 & aga9 9 8 writ+s4 8,i mu/ frankly say10 he av]s 9 8 essay1 8,social ,classes 9 ! ,republic10 8t ,i "k ( no m mis*iev\s p]son ?an ! man :o1 9 free ,am]ica1 seeks to spread among !m ! work]s ! idea t !y are wrong$ & kept d[n by somebody2 t somebody is to blame because !y are n bett] lodg$1 bett] dress$1 bett] educat$1 & h n easi] access to balls1 conc]ts1 or d9n] p>ties40 ,:]eupon1 to make cle> 8 cont5tion1 he tells ( ! foll[+ pa!tic little episode3-- 8,two ye>s ago ,i 0 9 "o ( ! ,univ]sity ,settlem5ts 9 ,new ,york1 & 0 walk+ ?r\gh ! rooms ( ! society ) "o ( ! memb]s4 ,!y 7 pla9 & neat & suitable1 & he expla9$ to me t ! purpose 9 furni%+ & fitt+ !m up 0 to %[ ! work+m5 ! k9d ( rooms !y ought to h #8if ju/ice 7 done4' ,to tell ?is to a work+man1 )\t tell+ him 9 :at ! inju/ice consi/$ & :o work$ x if he _h n su* rooms1 01 ,i held1 to be mo/ mis*iev\s40 ,ev5 ,presid5t ,roosevelt1 d\btless impress$ by ! mod]n reit]ation ( ! notion1 felt call$ ^u1 9 8 ,provid5ce spee* 7,augu/ #bc;d71 to rebuke discont5t1 & incid5tally to id5tify x ) envy4 8,n only d ! wick$ fl\ri%10 he says1 8:5 ! times are su* t mo/ m5 fl\ri%1 b :at is worse1 ! _s ( envy & jeal\sy & hatr$ spr+s up 9 ! brea/s ( ^? :o1 ?\gh !y may be do+ fairly well !mselves1 yet see o!rs1 :o are no m des]v+1 do+ f> bett]40 ,education1 9 ! mod]n view1 is l>gely responsible = discont5t1 & %\ld be re/rict$4 ,judge ,simeon ,a4 ,baldw91 ( ! ,connecticut ,supreme ,c\rt1 & lectur] 9 ! ,yale ,law ,s*ool1 is q c]ta9 ^u ?is po9t4 ,8 8sign$ editorial10 9 ! ,april #i? issue ( a ,new ,york newspap] publi%$ by ! ,yale lectur] on j\rnalism1 expresses a view :i* is com+ to be widely held4 ,our "y m51 he notes ) great complac5cy1 are oblig$ to leave s*ool e>ly1 9 ord] to g to "w2 & he !reupon urges t "y wom5 also %\ld clip _! education at an e>ly age4 8,girls w\ld make bett] wives & mo!rs & h\sekeep]s10 he writes1 8if !y f9i%$ s*ool at f f\rte5 to sixte5 ye>s ( age4 ,z x is1 !y obta9 a smatt]+ ( _m /udies1 :i* 9 my op9ion _c d !m mu* good4 ,!y are possess$ by a _s ( unre/ to-day1 & develop ambitions n compatible ) ! happie/ homes40 ,pr(essor ,h>ry ,?ur/on ,peck expresses ! mod]n view m succ9ctly4 ,pr(essor ,peck1 x may be /at$ = ! b5efit ( ! un5light5$1 is an in/ructor ( ,lat9 9 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,no p5t-up ,utica1 h[ev]1 contracts 8 p[]s2 he has c\rage\sly salli$ =? f 8 p>ticul> doma9 & has tak5 all k = 8 prov9ce4 ,ov] ?is prov9ce he ranges ) uncon/ra9$ fre$om1 not+ :at he w1 &1 ) some?+ ( ! 8l>ge utt]ance ( ! e>ly gods10 mak+ kn[n to a wait+ _w 8 impressions & beliefs4 ,:at a great lexicograph] said ( an amiable poet may be repeat$ 9 pres5t praise3 ,he t\*es no?+ t he does n adorn4 ,"s intellectual limitations x is possible he may h2 b z a reflector ( c]ta9 curr5t views obta9+ 9 high places he is probably )\t a pe]4 ,9 8 article1 8,"s ,phases ( ,am]ican ,education10 9 ! ,cosmopolitan magaz9e a few ye>s ago1 he put ! matt] 9 ?is way3-- 8,l9k$ closely ) _m o!r v s]i\s educational mi/akes1 & f _m po9ts ( view by f> ! mo/ pr(\ndly s]i\s ( !m all1 is t curi\s fancy1 :i* is almo/ univ]sal among our p1 t education 9 itself & = all human be+s is a good & ?or\ghly desirable possession4444 ,!re is probably 9 our :ole sy/em to-day no pr9ciple s fundam5tally untrue z ?is1 & !re is c]ta9ly none t is fraught ) s mu* social & political p]il = ! future4 ,= education means ambition1 & ambition means discont5t40 ,b1 z ,%akespe>e's ,fluell5 rem>ks1 8! phrase is a little v>iations40 ,all discont5t is n ! same1 & t :i* /irs 9 ! bosom ( ,pr(essor ,peck mu/ be c>efully discrim9at$ f ! sort nurtur$ by pla9 ,john ,smi?4 8,no?+ s da9ty sweet z lovely melan*oly10 sang ,sir ,john ,flet*]2 b :at is meet = an ,elizabe?an poet or a pres5t-day philosoph] may be mo/ unmeet = a common plebeian4 8,n[ discont5t10 cont9ues ?is ph>os ( ! un5light5$1 8is 9 itself a div9e ?+4 ,:5 x spr+s up 9 a /rong1 creative intellect1 capable ( translat+ x into actual a*ievem5t1 x is ! "m ( all progress2 b :5 x g]m9ates 9 a limit$ & feeble bra91 x is ! "m ( unhapp9ess alone40 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,tw9+ ,hadley1 presid5t ( ,yale ,univ]sity1 also has d\bts4 ,8 rec5t book1 8,! ,education ( ! ,am]ican ,citiz510 might be suppos$1 f its title1 to be a plea = ! popul> diffusion ( k4 ,su* x is1 9 fact1 only ! au?or draws ! l9e at 8sociology & politics & civics & f9ance40 8,:5 ! plea is urg$1 z x s (t5 is10 he writes1 8t !y con/itute a necess>y & valuable tra9+ = citiz5%ip1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ a di/9ct prote/4 ,except )9 ! n>r[e/ limits1 !y d h>m r ?an good4 ,z ord9>ily taught1 444 !y t5d to prep>e ! m9ds ( ! next g5]ation to look to sup]ficial rem$ies = political evils1 in/ead ( see+ t ! only true rem$y lies 9 ! creation ( a s\nd public s5tim5t40 ,! t]m1 8sup]ficial rem$ies = political evils10 means1 9 pla9 words1 social legislation2 & x br+s up a second matt] ^u :i* our m\ld]s ( op9ion h made a consid]able approa* to unanimity4 ,we he> legislation fl\t$ on all sides1 & appeals made = individual reg5]ation4 ,! matt]-(-fact p]sons :o hold t sixty ye>s ( factory acts h _h m to d ) e/abli%+ humane conditions 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s ( ! planet ?an n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s ( hortatory appeals to ! individual man1 are dismiss$ ) a smile ( contempt2 & ! decl>ation is made t mo/ legislation is mis*iev\s1 & t no?+ b "* c\nts4 ,mr4 ,godk9 0 8f> f d5y+ t legislation & political *anges h be5 ! direct means ( great good10 ?\gh he held t 8e good *ange 9 legislation or 9 gov]nm5t has be5 prec$$ or br\ght ab\t by an increase ( intellig5ce1 ( reasonabl5ess1 or ( bro!rly k9dness on ! "p ( ! p at l>ge40 ,a conclusion1 to say ! lea/1 n ov]freight$ ) hi/orical le>n+1 s9ce _m & p]haps mo/ re=matory laws h be5 pass$ by an e>ne/ m9ority aga9/ ! active opposition ( _m1 & despite ! /olid passivity ( mo/1 & :at mank9d has h]et(ore call$ social progress has be5 l>gely due to ! reaction ( su* laws & l in/itutions ^u individual "*4 ,presid5t ,hadley diff]s some:at f ,mr4 ,godk94 ,too mu* /ress1 he believes1 is laid ^u ! me*anism ( gov]nm5t & ( indu/ry1 & too little ^u ! =ce by :i* ?is me*anism is kept at "w4 8,n by ! axioms ( metaphysics on ! "o h&1 nor by ! ma*9]y ( legislation on ! o!r10 he writes1 8c we deal ) ! que/ions :i* vex human society4444 ,consci\s ( its hone/y ( purpose1 x democracy is impati5t ( opposition1 & contemptu\s ( difficulties1 h[ev] real4 ,x und]takes a va/ am\nt ( regulation ( economic & social life 9 fields :]e two g5]ations ago a free gov]nm5t w\ld sc>ce h d>$ to ent]4 ,9 ^! new regulations !re are _m in/ances ( failure1 & relatively few ( success4 ,we h _h mu* infr+em5t ( p]sonal lib]ty1 ) little or no correspond+ b5efit to ! community40 ,9 ,ju/ice ,brew]'s rec5t volume ( ,yale lectures1 also1 !re is mu* reg>d = "*1 & mu* ev5 = associat$ "w 9 bett]+ ! life ( ! nation4 ,b z to legislation z a means ( a*iev+ ?is bett]m5t1 !re is a cauti\s sil5ce4 ,!re is ! decl>ation t ea* man 9 free ,am]ica is a rul]--glad tid+s to ! p]sons ignorant !re(4 ,!re are "s orig9al l9es1-- 8,! m\lds ( fate ,t %ape ! ,/ate ,& make or m> ! commonweal10 :i*1 ?\gh some:at rem9isc5t ( ! good-natur$ ,bottom's l9es1-- 8,& ,phibbus' c> ,%all %9e f f> ,& make & m> ,! fooli% fates10 d yet body =? ! noble summation3-- 8,! cr[n+ fact1 ,! k+lie/ act ,( ,fre$om is ! ,freeman's vote60 ,b ?\gh ! freeman's vote is a k+ly pr]ogative1 !re is no sugge/ion t he %all use x 9 initiat+ or pass+ ^u legislation = ! collective good4 ,r ! plea is = ob$i5ce2 & ! w>n+ is ( ^? violators ( ! public peace1 ! labor organizations4 ,s1 too1 ,mr4 ,/imson4 8,! unexpect$ weakness ( democratic gov]nm5t10 he writes1 8is its belief t /atutes c am5d bo? nature & human nature40 ,& he rejoices t ! judici>y1 conv9c$1 no d\bt1 t nei!r human nature nor its manife/ations c be am5d$ by /atutes1 h actively int]v5$ by decl>+ _m laws uncon/itutional4 ,he f9ds1 moreov]1 t ! g5]al pr9ciple :i* has caus$ ! adv]se action ( ! c\rts1 is t ^! /atutes h be5 8re/rictive ( private lib]ty1 ( ! "r ( a free citiz5 to use 8 own prop]ty1 & 8 own p]sonal p[]s 9 su* a way z he w1 if s be t he d n injure o!rs40 ,a p]spicu\s & conclusive judgm5t1 no d\bt1 consid]+ t ! v po9t at issue is ! matt] ( injury to o!rs4 ,he is n satisfi$ ) condemn+ legislation1 moreov]1 b proce$s fur!r to a g5tle remon/rance ) ! classes ( p]sons :o h urg$ c]ta9 regulative laws4 ,labor lead]s1 he discov]s1 di/ru/ exp]i5ce1 & ,sociali/s dete/ lucidity--a brace ( acute judgm5ts 9 ! face ( ! fact t ! ?+ actually rat$ highe/ 9 trade-union circles is exp]i5ce1 & t :atev] ! defects ( ,sociali/s or ( _! sy/em may be1 ! signal contributions ( ! be/ ,sociali/ writ]s to ! /udy ( political economy h be5 lucidity ( ?\ght & def9it5ess ( expression4 ,s1 too1 ,pr(essor ,sumn]1 ,pr(essor ,walt] ,a4 ,wyck(f1 ! ent]ta9+ au?or ( 8,! ,work]s10 & a ho/ ( o!r in/ructors ( ! public1 ! m]e ro/] ( ^: names w\ld require sev]al pages ( f9e pr9t4 ,( ! only two safegu>ds ( ! dep5d5t classes aga9/ complete exploitation--social legislation & ! labor society--our m\ld]s ( op9ion w\ld seem to h tak5 ! job ( demoli%+ ! =m]1 leav+ to ! magnates !mselves ! task ( att5d+ to ! latt]4 ,) _m if n mo/ ( ^! publici/s ! criticism is deliv]$ n only at protective laws1 b at ! =ce beh9d !m--democracy4 8,e age10 writes ,pr(essor ,sumn]1 8is befool$ by ! notions :i* are 9 fa%ion 9 x4 ,our age is befool$ by #8democracy4' ,we he> argum5ts ab\t ! indu/rial organization :i* are d$uctions f democratic dogmas1 or :i* appeal to prejudice by us+ analogies drawn f democracy to affect s5tim5t ab\t indu/rial relations40 ,_m ( our m\ld]s ( op9ion elaborate ! argum5t (t5 made 9 ! writ+s ( our lit]>y magnates1 t only m5 :o are !mselves possess$ ( prop]ty %\ld h any voice 9 ! disposition ( weal? or ! regulation ( prop]ty rights4 ,to ju/ify ?is view rec\rse is _h to sev]al rec5tly import$ dogmas1 fa%ion$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,mallock1 au?or ( 8,ari/ocracy & ,evolution40 ,all increase ( weal?1 all advance 9 k & virtue1 cont5ds ,mr4 ,mallock1 come f an ari/ocracy--a ^w :i* he def9es z mean+ ! 8exceptionally gift$ & effici5t m9ority1 no matt] :at ! position 9 :i* its memb]s may h be5 born1 or :at ! sph]e ( social progress 9 :i* _! effici5cy %[s itself40 ,!re=e1 s9ce ! effici5t h produc$ ev]y?+ above ! maximum :i* ! ignorant & unskill$ workman c produce )\t ?is high] aid1 x foll[s t ! effici5t %\ld be left 9 untr\bl$ possession ( _! hold+s4 ,! l>ge assumption among o!rs 9 ,mr4 ,mallock's argum5t--t ^? :o effici5tly s[ & ^? :o ri*ly reap are ! same p]sons--ne$ n conc]n u "h4 ,x is suffici5t to po9t out t 8 argum5t has be5 eag]ly tak5 up by a numb] ( our own m\ld]s ( op9ion1 fo/]$ & ev5 develop$ to fur!r conclusions4 ,pr(essor ,peck1 = in/ance1 r h]oically improv+ on ! _s1 & n infrequ5tly foll[+ ! text1 ( ,mr4 ,mallock1 puts ! matt] 9 ?is way3-- 8,e really great ?+ t has be5 accompli%$ 9 ! hi/ory ( man has be5 accompli%$ by an ari/ocracy4 ,x may h call$ itself a sac]dotal ari/ocracy1 or a milit>y ari/ocracy1 or an ari/ocracy bas$ on bir? & blood1 yet ^! di/9ctions 7 b sup]ficial2 = 9 reality x always meant "o ?+ alone--! community ( int]e/ & ef=t 9 ^? ^: intellectual =ce & innate gift ( gov]nm5t enabl$ !m to dom9ate & control ! de/9ies ( ,/ates1 driv+ 9 h>ness ! hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat] :o con/itute ! va/ majority ( ! human race1 & ^: happ9ess is great] & ^: welf>e is m ?or\ghly cons]v$ :5 gov]n$ ?an :5 gov]n+40 ,! argum5t t ! gift$ produce all1 & ! assumption t ! weal?y & ! gift$ are ! same p]sons lead up to ! f]vid praise ( inequality ( condition :i* 9 rec5t ye>s is s (t5 he>d4 ,our lit]>y magnates began ! /ra91 d\btless ) ! motive ( self-ju/ification4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 tak5 up by our pr(essional in/ructors--f :at motive is n precisely kn[n--& ! result is a mighty *orus ( _m voices4 ,says ,pr(essor ,sumn]3-- 8,if we c\ld get rid ( "s ( our notions ab\t lib]ty & equality1 & c\ld lay aside ?is eighte5?-c5tury philosophy1 accord+ to :i* human society is to be br\ght into a /ate ( bless$ness1 we might get "s insight into ! might ( ! societal organization3 :at x does = u & :at x makes u d4444 ,if we are will+ to be taught by ! facts1 !n ! ph5om5a ( ! conc5tration ( weal? :i* we see ab\t u w conv9ce u t !y are j :at ! situation calls =4 ,!y ought to be because !y are1 & because no?+ else w\ld s]ve ! int]e/s ( society4444 ,i (t5 see /atem5ts publi%$ 9 :i* ! objectors lay /ress ^u ! great inequalities ( =tune1 & hav+ set =? ! contra/ betwe5 ri* & poor1 !y re/ _! case4 ,:at law ( nature1 religion1 e?ics1 or ! ,/ate is violat$ by inequalities ( =tune8 ,! inequalities prove no?+40 ,pr(essor ,john ,b4 ,cl>k1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 also sees 9 va/ inequalities ( =tune ! basis ( a happy /ate4 ,ari/otle taught diff]5tly1 x is true4 8,9 human societies10 he wrote1 8extremes ( weal? & pov]ty are ! ma9 s\rces ( evil4 ,! "o br+s arrogance & a lack ( capacity to obey2 ! o!r br+s slavi%ness & a lack ( capacity to comm&4 ,:]e a population is divid$ into ! two classes ( v ri* & v poor1 !re c be no real /ate2 = !re c be no real fri5d%ip betwe5 ! classes1 & fri5d%ip is ! ess5tial pr9ciple ( all association40 ,b ,pr(essor ,cl>k1 t\*$ by prophetic fire1 pictures a new society 9 :i* inequality is ! great bless+4 8,! _w ( ! ne> future10 he writes 9 8 rec5t article on 8,! ,society ( ! ,future10 8w n be "o ) inequalities levell$ out ( x2 & to any p]sons to :om inequality ( possessions seems inh]5tly evil1 ?is _w w n be satisfactory4 ,x w pres5t a condition ( va/ & ev] gr[+ inequality4 ,) a democracy t dep5ds on a lik5ess ( mat]ial possessions x w h no?+ 9 common4 ,! ri* w cont9ually gr[ ri*]1 & ! multi-millionnaires w approa* ! billion-doll> /&>d4444 ,if an e>?ly ,ed5 is to come ?r\gh competition1 x w come n 9 spite (1 b by means (1 an enorm\s increase ( inequality ( outw>d possessions40 ,we mu/ he> f ,pr(essor ,peck aga9--& = ! la/ "t4 8,:5 m5 by temp] & tra9+10 he writes 9 8 rec5t pap] on 8,! ,social ,advantages ( ! ,conc5tration ( ,weal?10 8come to possess ! ability to d l>ge ?+s 9 ?is direct & simple way i4e41 ! *>act]i/ic way1 ( ! magnates1 !y h an imm5se advantage ov] ^? :o c "w only 9 committees1 or bo>ds1 or companies1 & !y w inevitably dom9ate !m & use !m q at w4444 ,?is conc5tration means1 9 ! fir/ place & z a fir/ result1 ! aggr&izem5t ( individuals2 b 9 ! end x means ! wide diffusion ( a gold5 /ream ?r\gh e art]y & ve9 ( our national & individual life4 ,am]ica has already be5 enorm\sly enri*$2 yet ! actualities ( ! pres5t are no?+ :5 comp>$ ) ! pot5tialities ( ! future4 ,timid m9ds :i* are appall$ r ?an inspir$ by ! va/ness & magnific5ce ( ! :ole ?+ %r9k back & croak out pul+ prophecies ( evil4 ,!y _c rise to ! greatness ( x all because !y lack ! dauntless c\rage ( ! typical ,am]ican1 :o1 9 ,kipl+'s vivid phrase1 c always-- 8#8,turn a ke51 untr\bl$ face ,home to ! in/ant ne$ ( ?+s4'0 ,,iii ,s mu* = a cons5sus ( "s ( our notable in/ructors ( ! public on ?+s political & social4 ,t ^! op9ions produce a p[]ful influ5ce on ! mass1 no "o w d5y4 ,! wide respect 9 :i* our tea*]s--p>ticul>ly our commission$ tea*]s--are held2 ! g5]al recognition ( _! le>n+1 _! pr(undity1 _! unque/ion$ lib]ty to speak :at !y w1 _! insulat$ fre$om f ! influ5ces aris+ out ( seigniorial end[m5ts1 compel a popul> def]5ce to _! judgm5ts4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ) pa9$ surprise t an ,am]ican reads an un*>itable comm5t on _! ability & le>n+4 ,su* a comm5t is t :i* appe>$ la/ ,febru>y 9 ! cons]vative & ably edit$ ,p>is ,temps4 8,x is true10 writes its editor1 8t ,am]ican univ]sities pay great att5tion to social & political sci5ces4 ,x is no less true t !y h at _! disposal consid]able f9ancial res\rces = ! publication ( reviews4 ,b ! "q is to "k :at ! reviews & tea*+s are wor?4444 ,i believe myself suffici5tly conv]sant ) ! matt]4 ,by pr(essional duty ,i read1 n ev]y?+ :i* is pr9t$ on ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic conc]n+ ^! subjects1 b a notable "p ( ! "w :i* is consid]$ ! mo/ weighty4 ,) a few honorable exceptions--honorable1 b r>e--,i mu/ v5ture to say t ^! publications are1 = ! mo/ "p1 )\t orig9ality & )\t any real value4 8,i imag9e ,am]ican pr(essors w be ! fir/ to feel surprise at ! great honor ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,fr5* s*ool 9 ,am]ica :i* x is propos$ to d !m4 ,!y h a v ke5 feel+ ( :at !y owe to ,european culture4 ,!y keep 9 close t\* ) all t is publi%$ 9 _! respective specialties 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 & ,italy4 ,!y pr(it by su* publications1 ( :i* _! own are sometimes--let u say ?+s z !y are--only adaptations or reflections4 ,_m ( !m h _h _! intellectual tra9+ 9 old ,europe1 & _h1 at _! />t1 no o!r ambition ?an to model !mselves on _! ma/]s & repeat !m4 ,! developm5t ( social & political /udies is imm5se--on ! surface--9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 dep? x is n q ! same40 ,! ,temps1 x may be rem>k$1 is n1 on ! "o h&1 radical1 nor on ! o!r1 anti-democratic or anti-,am]ican2 & s ! reasons = its illib]al & disc\rte\s judgm5t mu/ be left undisc]n$4 ,its />tl+ decl>ation1 t ! sociological pron\ncem5ts ( our di/+ui%$ tea*]s 8are1 = ! mo/ "p1 )\t orig9ality & )\t any real value10 rises to ! dignity ( a national affront1 & rightly calls = emphatic action f our /r5u\s ,/ate ,dep>tm5t4 ,,iv ,x may be d\bt$ if our commission$ tea*]s ex]t s great an influ5ce ^u op9ion z d our newspap]s4 8,! newspap] to-day10 said ,ar*bi%op ,irel& rec5tly be=e ! ,national ,educational ,association1 8is prem95tly ! m5tor ( ! p2 x is read by all2 x is believ$ by ne>ly all4 ,its influ5ce is p>am\nt2 its responsibility is trem5d\s40 ,!re is mu* tru? 9 ?is dictum1 ?\gh some?+ ( qualification is ne$$4 ,! newspap]1 ?\gh n 8read by all10 nor 8believ$ by ne>ly all10 is inde$ m widely read ?an ev] be=e4 ,if ! c5sus is to be believ$1 ! circulation p] issue ( all daily1 tri-weekly1 semi-weekly1 & weekly publications has gr[n 9 ! la/ t5 ye>s f #ch1jjj1jjj to #eh1jjj1jjj copies4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a trem5d\s %[+2 b x is d\btful if ! newspap]s ex]t ! direct sway ov] m5's m9ds :i* 0 ex]t$ 9 e>li] ye>s4 ,! influ5ce effect$ is due less to ! =mal expression ( op9ion ?an to ! color habitually giv5 by !m to ! news4 ,! eag] "q1 8,:at does old ,greeley say80 :i* 0 once s (t5 he>d1 0 a tribute to ! p[] ( an individual 9 ^: rectitude & wisdom _m ?\s&s put a r>ely wav]+ fai?4 ,_m a less] editor _h also 8 rev]5t disciples1 :o believ$ z he taught & vot$ z he urg$4 ,b 9 our day ! direct appeal ( ! newspap] is m hesitat+ly obey$4 ,frequ5tly x has happ5$1 9 municipal elections1 t a c&idate or c&idates h be5 elect$ 9 ! face ( an almo/ solid opposition ( ! press4 ,a newspap] may be patroniz$ = ?is or t special feature by p]sons :o pay no att5tion to its editorials1 by o!rs :o read !m m]ely to le>n an oppos+ view ( ?+s1 & by o!rs /ill--a f> l>g] class--:o1 read+ betwe5 ! l9es1 *oose = !mselves :at to rely ^u & :at to d\bt4 ,all ! l>g] cities1 & p]haps mo/ ( ! small]1 h in/ances ( newspap]s :i*1 appeal+ to "s special int]e/1 secure a consid]able numb] ( read]s antipa!tic to ! political views express$4 ,x happ5s t radicals (t5 read cons]vative publications1 & t cons]vatives sometimes look ^u radical pr9t4 ,! fai?ful devotees ( a c]ta9 m]curial ,new ,york newspap] probably read x z eag]ly 9 #ahhd1 :5 x support$ ,g5]al ,butl] = ! ,presid5cy1 z 9 #ahib1 :5 x support$ ,mr4 ,clevel&1 or 9 #ahif1 :5 x w5t ov] to ,major ,mc,kinley4 ,b reliance ^u editorial op9ions is a wav]+ fai?4 ,a wis] discrim9ation is employ$1 a m cynical scepticism is ma9ta9$4 ,:5 ! ,new ,york newspap] :i* boa/s ( pr9t+ all ! fit news publi%es 9 its editorial columns ! dictum t 8! ov]supply ( labor 9 ! an?racite region is due to ! great attractiv5ess ( ! wages & ! conditions ( "w10 none b ! will+ are conv9c$2 & s = all ! misjudgm5ts1 ignorant or delib]ate1 t are daily put =? by newspap]s ( all classes !re are sc(f]s & sceptics z well z cr$ul\s believ]s4 ,= ! recognition has become g5]al t ! av]age newspap] is own$ & op]at$ z a comm]cial prop]ty4 ,z ,mr4 ,brooke ,fi%]1 9 a rec5t numb] ( ! ,atlantic1 writes1 ! days :5 ! editor hir$ ! publi%] are gone2 x is n[ ! publi%] :o hires ! editor1 & ! c\nt+-room det]m9es ! policy4 ,adv]tis+ is ! mat]ial ma9/ay1 & ! m]*ants & magnates :o h l>gesse to di/ribute mu/ be humor$4 8,publi%]s10 says ! int]e/+ c5sus bullet9 on 8,pr9t+ & ,publi%+10 8are dep5d+ m on adv]tis+ & less on subscriptions & sales = f9ancial return40 ,:e!r x be ! s5sational 8yell[s10 or ! less s5sational b *>act]less 8p9ks10 or ! /aid & pond]\s 8grays0 ( ! press1 ! same rule holds4 ,ev5 ! religi\s j\rnals make a l appeal4 8,a sup]fluity ( religi\s weeklies10 says ! be/-kn[n publication ( t class1 giv+ itself a left-h&$ pat on ! %\ld]1 8) no o!r basis = exi/5ce ?an sectional or p>tisan pride1 w n be tol]at$ nor support$ by ! laity2 nor w adv]tis]s mu* long] fail to discrim9ate betwe5 religi\s j\rnals t are progressive mean+1 = example1 itself & are rea*+ well-to-d & intellig5t p1 & ^? :i* are n40 ,/atem5ts ( enorm\s sales1 ( va/ subscription li/s1 are publi%$ 9 gl>+ type1 & ! phrase 8greate/ circulation 9 ! city10 or ,/ate1 or nation1 or _w1 is trumpet$ to ! e>s ( ! buy]s ( adv]tis+ space4 ,!re is /ill an appeal to ! giv] ( l>gesse ev5 :5 a publication _c hone/ly boa/ ( great circulation2 ! argum5t is !n "o ( a 8select0 patronage--( 8fit audi5ce1 ?\gh few10 b inf]5tially ( great pur*as+ p[]4 ,! pressure ^u editorial policy ( ?is def]5ce to ! adv]tis] is con/ant & effective1 & ! result is app>5t to mo/ read]s4 ,ev5 ! m rampant ( ! 8yell[s10 :i* daily %riek aga9/ political & social inju/ice1 are affect$ by x4 ,z m\rnful a philosoph] z ,h]aclitus might h f\nd food = humor 9 ! manuvres ( ! metropolitan newspap]s "s six ye>s ago dur+ ! agitation = ! passage ( ! ,&rews bill4 ,?is measure requir$ seats = wom5 work]s 9 all m]cantile e/abli%m5ts4 ,n[ x happ5$ t ! heads ( ! dep>tm5t /ores 7 9 ne>ly e in/ance viol5tly oppos$ to ! bill1 & x also happ5$ t ! am\nt ( adv]tis+ f ! great /ores cut a v pretty figure 9 ! income ( ! av]age metropolitan newspap]4 ,to complete ! dilemma ! bill won great favor f ! public4 ,h[ ! ma/]ful purveyors ( news & op9ions to ! p manag$ to extricate !mselves f ! difficulty1 w\ld make too long a /ory 9 ! tell+4 ,b t !y triumphantly surm\nt$ x1 is a matt] ( hi/ory4 ,) ! adv]tis] 9 s comm&+ a position1 x is n ne$$ t a newspap] %all be own$ by a magnate 9 ord] t x %all fai?fully reflect ! special int]e/s ( 8bus9ess40 ,yet t seigniorial funds are back ( _m ( our important newspap]s is a fact :i* to a p]son ( intellig5ce ne$s no pro(4 ,! c5sus bullet91 reveal+ ! *>act]i/ic optimism ( ! compil]s ( ! ,twelf? ,c5sus1 w h x t individual own]%ip is /ill ! rule4 ,! proportion ( individually own$ & op]at$ publications is giv5 z #fc4c p] c5t1 ( p>tn]%ip conc]ns z #ai4g p] c5t1 & ( corporate conc]ns z #ag p] c5t4 8,^! figures indicate10 we are told1 8! complete abs5ce ( ! ext5d$ comb9ations & consolidations s frequ5tly enc\nt]$ 9 o!r indu/ries40 ,yet !re are comb9ations1 :e!r individually or jo9tly own$1--! ,he>/ newspap]s 9 ,san ,francisco1 ,*icago1 & ,new ,york1 ! ,o*s newspap]s ( ,*attanooga1 ,new ,york1 & ,philadelphia1 ! ,belo newspap]s ( ,texas1 & ^? ( ! ,scripps-,mc,rae conc]n 9 ! middle ,we/4 ,only ?is la/ summ] public ann\ncem5t 0 made ( a project$ comb9ation--"u ! control ( ,mr4 ,p4 ,f4 ,colli]1 & ) a capital ( #a1jjj1jjj--( a l>ge numb] ( c\ntry newspap]s 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,! project has = ! "t be5 giv5 up1 b o!rs ( a l nature may fairly be expect$ = ! future4 ,moreov]1 "s ( ! features ( ! indu/rial comb9ations--id5tity ( product1 = in/ance--are discov]able 9 ! s-call$ cop]ative newspap]s1 :i* make use ( plate matt] or 8pat5t-insides40 ,m ?an half ( all ! p]iodicals ( ! c\ntry are 9 ?is class4 ,f9ally1 ! *ief commodity ( newspap]s ( all classes--! news--is a tru/ product1 a commodity 9 :i* ! ,associat$ ,press s]ves ! function ( ga!r] ( raw mat]ial & manufactur]1 & ! p]iodical ! function ( assort] & retail]4 ,b ! c5sus figures reveal little or no?+ to ! po9t4 ,seigniorial back+1 :5 actually giv51 is n usually made visible 9 ! =m ( inve/m5t 9 newspap] /ock4 ,x is n to ! be/ int]e/s ( ! purveyor ( news & op9ions t x %\ld be2 = ! public1 ) a f9e s5se ( its own indep5d5ce ( judgm5t1 requires t seigniorial influ5ce %all be less obvi\sly %[n4 ,! odor ( ,/&>d oil1 ! fumes ( ,am]ican tobacco1 h prov$ fatal to m ?an "o newspap] ent]prise1 & ev5 ! ta9t ( railroad support has be5 %[n to be h>mful4 ,!re is ?us ! greate/ ne$ ( discretion 9 arrang+ ! nom9al own]%ip2 & ! result is1 t 9 _m cases x is easi] to discov] ! actual own]%ip ( a policy game ?an ! actual own]%ip ( a newspap]4 ,! curi\s c b surmise & wond]4 ,:5 a *a/e & well-ord]$ daily publication gives to a p>ticul> magnate's h\se-w>m+ ! space ( a column & a half1 :ile its rivals--ev5 ! 8yell[s10 :i* deal 9 t sort ( ?+--consid] ! ev5t wor? no m ?an a half-column2 or :5 ano!r magnate is p]si/5tly 8boom$0 = a high (fice1 or :5 = ano!r a fran*ise grant is skilfully propos$1 "o may put two & two toge!r1 & apply ! natural inf]5ces4 ,inf]5ces1 h[ev]1 are n pro(1 & ! conclusion mu/ rema9 d\btful4 ,b :e!r ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( pot5tial adv]tis+ or ( secret own]%ip1 ! magnate1 or ! magnate class1 ex]cises a l>ge measure ( control1 & ! matt] :i* appe>s is t :i*1 on ! :ole1 is agreeable to seigniorial m9ds4 ,! coal magnates may be criticis$1 b x is n s mu* on acc\nt ( _! refusal to grant concessions to _! m5 z = _! failure to op]ate 9 defiance ( _! m54 ,s1 too1 ! tru/s come 9 = occasional r\gh h&l+2 b x is ! ab/ract tru/ t is at fault3 ! individual tru/ usually goes sca?less4 ,c]ta9 ( ! 8yell[s0 furni% "s exception to ! g5]al rule1 ?\gh "h1 too1 ! influ5ce ( ! great adv]tis] is %[n1 & "o may va9ly read ! columns ( ! mo/ radical ( ! anti-monopoly dailies = a sugge/ion t ! great dep>tm5t /ores are o!r ?an abodes ( com=t & joy = all ! s\ls employ$ !re94 ,su* is ! newspap] bias1 & ! product ( ! hir$ writ] mu/ con=m4 ,:e!r edit+ news or writ+ op9ions1 he mu/ recognize ! div9ity t h$ges 9 ! magnate class4 ,x 0 a savage1 & 9 "s respects extravagant1 picture ( ! function ( ! hir$ newspap] work] :i* a brilliant j\rnali/1 n[ deceas$1 gave to ! _w a few ye>s ago3-- 8,!re is no su* ?+ 9 ,am]ica z an indep5d5t press1 unless x is out 9 ! c\ntry t[ns4 ,i am paid = keep+ hone/ op9ions out ( ! pap] ,i am connect$ )4 ,o!r editors are paid simil> sal>ies = do+ simil> ?+s4 ,if ,i %\ld all[ hone/ op9ions to be pr9t$ 9 "o issue ( my pap]1 be=e tw5ty-f\r h\rs my occupation1 l ,o!llo's1 w\ld be gone4 ,! man :o w\ld be s fooli% z to write hone/ op9ions w\ld be out on ! /reet hunt+ = ano!r job4 ,! bus9ess ( a ,new ,york j\rnali/ is to di/ort ! tru?1 lie outright1 to p]v]t1 to vilify1 to fawn at ! feet ( mammon1 & to sell 8 c\ntry & 8 race = 8 daily bread1 or = ab\t ! same ?+1 8 sal>y4 ,we are ! tools ( vassals ( ! ri* m5 beh9d ! sc5es4 ,we are jump+-jacks4 ,!y pull ! /r+s1 & we dance4 ,our "t1 our tal5ts1 our lives1 our possibilities1 are all ! prop]ty ( o!r m54 ,we are intellectual pro/itutes40 ,b ?\gh 9 c]ta9 respects extravagant1 x has yet fai?ful & accurate t\*es :i* are recognizable by e undelud$ p]son :o e>ns 8 liv+ 9 ! employm5t ( ! daily press4 ,p]haps1 inde$1 !re are n _m ( ! undelud$2 = ! recoil ^u !mselves ( ! "* ( _! tasks does n1 to say ! lea/1 %>p5 ! edge ( consci5ce1 & ! s]vice ( a few ye>s is g5]ally believ$ to be effective 9 indurat+ ! f9e/ s5sibilities4 ,x is n1 z has be5 said1 s mu* ?r\gh _! editorial expressions z ?r\gh _! color+ ( ! news t ! weeklies & dailies m\ld ! op9ions ( ! mass4 ,a gr[+ scepticism av]ts ! =m] influ5ce2 b aga9/ ! latt] !re is no prophylactic4 ,news is assort$1 prun$1 improv$1 to accord ) a pr$et]m9$ policy4 ,f an anti-imp]iali/ publication "o gets small notion ( o!r happ5+s 9 ! ,philipp9es ?an deva/ations1 rapes1 battle1 murd]1 & sudd5 dea?2 & f an adm9i/ration organ "o may le>n only ( ,peace pip+ h] 8languid note10 ( ! diffusion ( education1 & ! progress ( indu/ry1 v>i$ only n[ & !n by slight outbreaks f a few ladrones4 ,9 ! f> m important matt] ( ! irrepressible class conflict "h at home1 l influ5ces color ! news2 & z n9ety-n9e out ( e "o hundr$ p]iodicals support1 9 great] or less degree1 ! exi/+ rgime1 ! impress ^u ! public m9d is ov]:elm+4 ,"s ( ! 8yell[s0 set up a b> to ! univ]sal p]vasion ( ?is influ5ce2 & ! activities ( ! social re=m]s1 ?r\gh _! weekly j\rnals1 _! tracts1 & _! public discussions1 some:at affect x4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ^! effects are b a ripple on ! deep & p[]ful /ream t f]tilizes ! op9ions ( ! public4 ,v ,our laudatory /ump orators h _! measure ( influ5ce on social ?\ght1 no d\bt2 b x is "o t surely decl9es1 & ! subject may be pass$ ) b scant m5tion4 ,likewise1 ! het]og5e\s small fry ( seigniorial reta9]s 9 ! v>i\s walks ( life1 ^: bus9ess x is1 9 season & out1 to glorify ! prevail+ rgime1 may be notic$ & dismiss$ 9 a s5t5ce4 ,! influ5ce ( ! pulpit1 h[ev]1 is a subject t requires "s att5tion4 ,?is influ5ce1 :ile great] ?an t ( ei!r ( ! gr\ps j m5tion$1 is unque/ionably less ?an t ( ei!r ! editors or ! pr(essional lay publici/s4 ,among practical m5 9 ! upp] ord]s !re is a widespread prejudice aga9/ pa/oral int]f]5ce 9 social & political matt]s1 unless x be direct$ solely to seigniorial ju/ification4 ,! %oemak] %\ld /ick to 8 la/1 runs ! adage2 & no less x is urg$ t ! pa/or %\ld /ick to 8 text4 ,he %\ld1 fur!rmore1 discrim9ate & sort 8 texts1 mak+ c>eful avoidance ( ! e?ical precepts ( ,jesus4 ,= ^! are ne$lessly di/urb+ to ! code t prevails 9 comm]ce & politics1 & bo? politicians & magnates res5t _! citation4 ,a future 8popul>0 v]sion ( ! ,bible may elim9ate !m1 & ?us d away ) a f]tile cause ( discord2 b until t is done ! bett] "p ( pa/oral valor w cont9ue to lie 9 discretion4 ,! s5tim5ts ( ! politicians & ! magnates t[>d ! pulpit filt] d[n to ! common mass ( ! laity1 & /ill fur!r weak5 pa/oral influ5ce4 ,b weak5$ z x has be51 x is yet felt by ! magnates to be an in/rum5t ( social control :i* by prop] use c be made to p]=m a ne$$ s]vice4 ,a con/ant pressure is1 !re=e1 br\ght to be> ^u pa/oral utt]ances4 ,x is ! 8safe0 m5 :o are 9 mo/ reque/ to fill pulpits2 & x is ! 8safe0 m5 :o draw to _! *ur*es ! l>ge/ end[m5ts4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is pressure !re has gradually be5 develop$ a code ( pulpit e?ics1 outside ! limits ( :i* no prud5t m9i/] w d>e range4 ,! m9i/] may be 8long0 on spirituality1 b he mu/ be 8%ort0 on social precepts4 ,he may prea* fai?1 hope1 & *>ity1 & also ! future puni%m5t ( ! unreg5]ate1 s long z unreg5]acy is depict$ 9 g5]al t]ms2 b he mu/ avoid1 ) ! nice/ delicacy1 ! m5tion ( tax-dodg+ & /ock-wat]+ z puni%able s9s4 ,he may d5\nce viol5ce1 & = a mod]n in/ance he may cite ! occasional riot\s conduct ( /rik+ workm52 b let him at 8 p]il cite su* v5ial backslid+s f grace z ! bl[+ up ( a competitor's ref9]y1 ! seizure ( a /reet = track-lay+1 or ! employm5t ( arm$ m]c5>ies = a private purpose4 ,political evils may be d5\nc$ 9 ! ab/ract1 & ! brib]y ( vot]s 9 ! concrete4 ,! latt] is an (f5ce usually committ$ by irrev]5t w>d politicians1 & may ju/ly receive1 )\t injury to ! ,/ate & to society1 ! sca?+ ana!mas ( ! pulpit4 ,b he t 9 a mom5t ( inadv]t5ce miscalls by ! "n bribes ! 8g5tle rew>ds10 ! 8gratuities10 z !y 7 kn[n 9 ,bacon's "t1 :i* magnates frequ5tly be/[ ^u legislators & judges1 _h be/ resign 8 pa/orate & seek "s o!r field4 ,nor mu/ any slight be ?r[n ^u any ( ! conv5tional practices 9 ! ord9>y daily conduct ( 8bus9ess40 ,^! are hall[$ by cu/om1 & are beyond criticism4 ,su* a decl>ation z t ( a c]ta9 m9i/] 9 a rec5t numb] ( ! ,*ri/ian ,endeavor ,_w--8,:at we call ,napoleonic g5ius 9 bus9ess is sometimes simply :itewa%$ highway robb]y on a gigantic scale0--v]ges closely ^u contumacy4 ,x is reliev$ slightly by ! qualify+ 8sometimes10--mu* virtue 9 y\r 8sometimes10 z ! immortal b>d w\ld rem>k1--b = all t1 x is a dang]\s utt]ance1 & "o apt to cause its enunciator grave tr\ble4 ,b pa/oral pron\ncem5ts on social que/ions are p]mitt$--nay1 welcom$--if only !y prop]ly rebuke ! occasional discont5t & unquiet ( ! masses & ! aggression ( ^? foes ( ord]1 ! labor unions4 ,su* a pron\ncem5t1 = in/ance1 is t ( ! ,rev4 ,lyman ,abbott1 put =? 9 8 rec5t philosophical disquisition1 8,! ,rights ( ,man40 8,trades-unions 444 are rul$ ov] g5]ally10 he decl>es1 8by a directory sc>cely less absolute ?an t :i* gov]n$ ! revolutioni/s 9 ! day ( ,mirabeau40 ,?is is unexceptionably decor\s1 & runs no risk :atev] ( seigniorial c5sor%ip4 ,! rec5t coal /rike br\ght =? a l>ge numb] ( pa/oral utt]ances ( a l "*1 :i* mu/ ultimately r$\nd to ! great glory ( ! declaim]s4 ,! good ,bi%op ,pott]1 9 8 address be=e ! ,diocesan conv5tion 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ,septemb] #bd1 felt call$ ^u to rebuke envy & hatr$ & to d5y ! exi/5ce ( social classes 9 ! republic3 8,weal? is unequally di/ribut$1 we are told1 & ! sophi/ries t are born ( envy & hatr$ are hawk$ ab\t ! /reets to influ5ce1 9 a l& :i* refuses to en?rone "o class above ano!r1 ! passions ( ! less clev] or ?rifty or indu/ri\s aga9/ ^? :o are m s40 ,! em95t ,dr4 ,e!lb]t ,talbot1 ,bi%op ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,c5tral ,p5nsylvania1 accord+ to 8 public lett] ( ,septemb] #bh1 saw 9 ! coal /rike only a dem& ^u ! "p ( ! m9]s 8t ! op]ators %all no long] manage _! own bus9ess40 8,h[ c ! "q ( :e!r a man has a "r to conduct 8 own bus9ess10 he asks1 ) pa9fully defective =e?\ght = :at subsequ5tly happ5$1 8be submitt$ to arbitration80 ,! no less em95t ,rev4 ,dr4 ,newell ,dwight ,hillis1 9 8 rec5t address be=e ! ,*icago ,society ( ,new ,york1 dem&$ a wall ( bayonets f ,wa%+ton to ,wilkesb>re4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,m9ot ,j4 ,savage ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,messiah also call$ = arms in/ead ( arbitration1 & ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,r4 ,hunt+ton ( ,grace ,*ur* e*o$ ! good ,bi%op ,talbot's op9ion1 & 8f ! po9t ( view ( simple ju/ice0 c\ld n see 8t we h any reason to blame ! m9e-own]s = refus+ to all[ ! managem5t ( _! own bus9ess to be tak5 out ( _! h&s40 ,f ,calv>y1 too1--or at lea/ f ! ,calv>y ,bapti/ ,*ur* ( ,new ,york1--came a fur!r dem& = soldi]y4 8,^! labor lead]s10 decl>$ ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mac,arthur1 8) _! l>ge sal>ies1 are =c+ ! m5 to be idle4 ,!y are m tyrannical ?an ! ,cz> ( ,russia40 ,^! are b samples ( ! 8safe0 utt]ances on social que/ions--! k9d t involve no p5alties1 b on ! contr>y1 reap sure h>ve/s ( glory & recomp5se4 ,occasionally f too close & exclusive read+ ( ! synoptic gospels1 ) _! recital ( ,jesus' specific tea*+s on social matt]s1 a "y & ard5t m9i/] loses 8 p]spective1 & see+ ov]-l>ge ! indu/rial & social evils ( 8 "t1 seeks to rem$y !m4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 ! mood is b transitory1 & a few mon?s1 or at mo/ a few ye>s1 witness ! reaction4 ,r5unciation ( h]etical doctr9es foll[s1 & ultimately ! errant is re/or$ to ! fold ( ! 8safe40 ,b let no "o imag9e t 9 seigniorial halls 8 s9s are rememb]$ aga9/ him4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is m joy ov] ! recov]y ( "o /ray$ %eep ?an ov] n9ety & n9e t rema9 fai?ful4 ,sometimes1 x mu/ be conc$$1 !re are to be f\nd ^? :o refuse to be =c$ or cajol$1 & :o hold _! intrepid way 9 defiance ( p[]4 ,! ,_w assails !m1 9 ! words ( ,mat!w ,arnold1 ) its p]petual *all5ge & w>n+3-- 8#8,behold1' %e cries1 #8s _m rages lull$2 ,s _m fi]y spirits q cool$ d[n4 ,look h[ s _m valors1 long undull$1 ,aft] %ort comm]ce ) me fe> my fr[n4'0 ,b !y fe> n h] fr[n2 & !y tea* ! social precepts ( _! ,ma/] reg>dless ( mat]ial consequ5ces4 ,:at ^? consequ5ces are1 ! av]age man kn[s full well4 ,!y are o/racism1 a r$uction1 soon] or lat]1 to ! poore/ liv+s2 a hemm+ 9 & con/ra9+ to ! n>r[e/ fields ( ef=t & influ5ce--9 a ^w1 ! full sum ( ! =ceful rebuke :i* x is possible = ! magnate class & its reta9]s1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( society1 to deliv]4 ,9 ! m develop$ /ate ( ! future ! rebuke w be yet m emphatic2 = ! influ5ce ( ! pulpit1 :atev] x may be 9 degree1 mu/ 9 k9d be confirmatory ( ! "r ( ! magnate class to rule4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,g5]al ,,social ,,*anges ,! hi/oric props ( class rule1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,a4 ,ross1 9 8 rec5t volume1 8,social ,control10 h be5 =ce1 sup]/ition1 fraud1 pomp1 & prescription4 ,our pres5t seigniorial class makes use1 ) f9e discrim9ation z "t & occasion require1 ( ea* ( ^! means ( support1 ?\gh unque/ionably x sets ! greate/ value ^u ! la/ nam$4 ,=ce is employ$ less op5ly1 less obvi\sly2 decreas+ly by ! direct imposition ( ! magnates1 increas+ly ?r\gh _! +5i\s manipulation ( ! p[]s ( ! ,/ate4 ,! sup]/ition lat5t 9 mo/ m9ds proves n[1 z ev]1 a means ( ready rec\rse2 b ?\gh sup]natural sanction to ! acts & au?ority ( ! magnates is cunn+ly d$uc$ & volubly prea*$ f a ?\s& pulpits1 ! prop fails some:at z a con/ant & sure reliance4 ,ev5 te/imony s au?oritative z t ( ,presid5t ,ba] to ! effect t ! ,great ,fir/ ,cause _h intru/$ to himself & 8 co-magnates ! control ( ! bus9ess int]e/s ( ! c\ntry1 has be5 fl\t$ 9 a numb] ( places4 ,! notion ( sup]natural sanctions1 z mo/ p "k1 & z ,pr(essor ,goldw9 ,smi? has repeat$ly tak5 pa9s to po9t out1 is los+ its hold ^u ! reason ( mank9d2 & ?\gh x /ill has1 & w ev] h1 a c]ta9 pot5cy1 its be/ days are pass$4 ,z = fraud1 bo? ( class aga9/ class1 & individual aga9/ individual1 attempts to practise x no d\bt increase2 b ! too?-&-claw /ruggle ( ! la/ g5]ation has develop$ & %>p5$ ! wits ( ! combatants1 s t x t5ds to become a less pr(itable game4 ,he w\ld be a %>p] inde$1 accord+ to ! prov]b1 :o among ! ,turks ( ! ,negropont1 ! ,jews ( ,salonika1 or ! ,greeks ( ,a!ns c\ld *eat 8 fell[3 ea* kn[s by he>t all ! tricks & devices ( :i* ! o!rs are capable4 ,matt]s are n yet at su* a /age 9 free ,am]ica3 great frauds1 bo? ( ! gr\p & ( ! individual1 are /ill practis$4 ,b ! almo/ inf9ite possibilities ( o!r days h be5 sadly re/rict$ by ! op]ation ( ^? natural laws :i* t5d to fit be+s to _! environm5t4 ,pomp1 too1 is less a factor ( control ?an 9 pa/ times4 ,x has a p[]ful grip on ! imag9ations ( ! poor1 z ! columns ( our 8yell[0 j\rnals1 :i* devote s l>ge a space to ! c]emonies ( ! great1 amply atte/2 b ?\gh x *>ms ! m1 x deceives ! less4 ,x int]e/s1 x delights2 b x does n ov]awe or subdue4 ,i ,x is by prescription--by a con/ant appeal to ! sanctity ( cu/om1 a con/ant prea*+ ( ! validity ( ve/$ rights1 & ( ! beauty1 ord]1 inevitability1 & righte\sness ( ?+s z !y are--t ! magnate class w9s to its support ! suffrages ( ! p4 ,o!r influ5ces aid1 b ?is "o is dom9ant4 ,z ,pr(essor ,ross p]t95tly writes3-- 8,^? :o h ! sunny rooms 9 ! social edifice h 444 a p[]ful ally 9 ! sugge/ion ( ,?+s-z-!y-are4 ,) ! aid ( a little n>cotiz+ tea*+ & prea*+1 ! d5iz5s ( ! cell> may be br\ght to f9d _! lot prop] & "r1 to look ^u escape z an outrage ^u ! rights ( o!r classes1 & to spurn ) moral indignation ! agitator :o w\ld /ir !m to prote/4 ,great is ! magic ( prec$5t1 & l ! rebelli\s ,helots1 :o c[]$ at ! sight ( _! ma/]s' :ips1 ^? :o are us$ to dragg+ ! social *>iot w meekly op5 _! call\s$ m\?s :5ev] ! bit is (f]$ !m40 ,! magnates1 z has be5 %[n1 brook small int]f]5ce ) prevail+ cu/oms4 ,_! ne> dep5d5ts1 reta9]s1 & 8poor relations0 ?9k z !y ?9k1 & feel z !y feel2 & ! great majority ( ! pr(essional m\ld]s ( op9ion1 draw+ _! inspiration f above1 prea* & tea* z ! magnates w\ld h !m4 ,! g5]al social passivity foll[+ ! pressure ( all ^! influ5ces ^u ! public m9d is z c]ta9 & inescapable z a ma!matical conclusion4 ,,ii ,a p[]ful auxili>y to ! prea*+ ( ! sanctity ( cu/om is ! extoll+ ( individual 8success40 ,at ! v "t :5 socio-indu/rial processes are settl+ to a fix$ r\t9e & socio-indu/rial =ms to a fix$ /atus1--:5 day by day !re is f\nd less room at ! top & m room at ! bottom1--! *orus ( exhortation to ! m5 ( ! l& to be/ir !mselves rea*es its highe/ pit*4 ,m$dle n ) cu/om & ! law1 is ! injunction2 leave ^? to abl] & wis] heads--mean+1 ( c\rse1 ! pres5t =mulators & manipulators !re(4 ,m$dle n ) ?+s z !y are1 b :ile y\r companions sleep1 8toil upw>d 9 ! night10 & c>ve out a c>e] = y\rself among ! />s4 ,put no fai? 9 g5]al social *anges1 except su* z result f ! comb9$ effect ( ea* unit conc]n+ himself solely ) 8 own mat]ial salvation4 ,!re is no social bett]m5t )\t prec$5t individual bett]m5t1 x is urg$4 8,y _c make a bad man good by legislation10 is ! admonitory adage1 & 8,y _c make a poor man ri* by legislation0 is its tw94 ,if c]ta9 p]sons hold to ! !ory t corrective laws h a def9ite reaction ^u "*1 & t 9 e civilization wor?y ! "n !re are social in/itutions1 f\nd$ 9 law1 :i* are immeasurably 9 advance ( ! g5]al av]age ( sanity1 sobriety1 & hone/y ( ! citiz5%ip1 su* p]sons are b dream]s1 & are n to be tak5 too s]i\sly4 ,s1 too1 ) ! dictum reg>d+ ! /atutory enhancem5t ( ri*es4 ,!re are ^? :o ins9uate t x is he>d mo/ (t5 f ! lips ( ! indu/rial magnates1 ! majority ( :om are liv+ examples ( ! fact t ri*es may be g>n]$ by means ( t>iffs & o!r privilege-giv+ laws2 & f ! laissez-faire t>iff re=m]s1 ^: reit]at$ argum5t aga9/ protective duties is t !y are law-giv5 privileges by :i* ! few ga9 weal? at ! exp5se ( ! _m4 ,b p]sons :o "q ?is pr(\nd adage are unsophi/icat$4 ,!y fail to discrim9ate prop]ly4 ,! adage is "o :i*1 l a simile or metaphor1 %\ld n be /ret*$ too f>4 ,x has its true & legitimate be>+ only :5 x is appli$ to ! v poor4 ,p]sonal endeavor t[>d ! goal ( 8success0 is ! urg5t exhortation4 ,sc>cely "o ( ! magnates :o h rec5tly ent]$ lit]ature1 or :o1 avoid+ t prov9ce1 h on occasion unbosom$ !mselves to ! int]view]1 b takes pa9s to decl>e h[ num]\s & h[ mighty are ! possibilities 9 ! pa? ( ! en]getic4 ,all t is ne$$1 accord+ to mo/ ( ! seigniorial recipes1 are bra9s & heal?2 hone/y1 x is true1 is (t5 includ$ z an +r$i5t 9 ! comp\nd1 b its m5tion is possibly ironical1 & ne$ n conc]n u4 ,bra9s & heal? are ?us ! two ?+s ne$ful2 & ?\gh pursu+ ,satan may ga!r 91 ) 8 drag-net1 a va/ army ( ! h9dmo/1 ! =tunate possessors ( ^! two boons w inevitably =ge to ! front 9 ! headlong race4 ,x is by no accid5t t ?is p>ticul> c\nsel f ! magnates is he>d n[ m frequ5tly ?an any o!r4 ,x is "o t ( c\rse has be5 giv5 9 all times2 b x has nev] be5 giv5 ) su* frequ5cy & unction z n[4 ,consci\sly or subconsci\sly1 x is an expression ( class feel+--a revelation ( ! community ( int]e/s & purposes ( a p>ticul> division ( our society4 ,9 :atev] cases its utt]ance is prompt$ by a g5]al social motive1 t motive is ! def5ce ( class control4 ,x is c\nsel t makes = ! acquiesc5ce ( ! l[] ord]s & ! increas$ security ( ! upp]4 8,! heav+ & /ra9+ ( ! wret*es p5t up 9 ! hold ( ! slav] is less10 writes ,pr(essor ,ross aga91 8if n[ & !n a few ( ! mo/ r$\btable are let up on deck4 ,likewise ! admitt+ ( a few brave1 tal5t$1 or successful common]s into ! *>m$ circle above has a wond]ful effect 9 calm+ ! rage & envy ( ! exploit$1 & !reby prolong+ ! life ( ! p>asitic sy/em40 ,?is c\nsel ( endeavor1 promulgat$ by ! few :o h /riv5 & 8succe$$10 is ?us a social s$ative ( great efficacy4 ,! pr(essional m\ld]s ( op9ion take _! cue f ^! exhortations ( ! magnates1 improve1 elaborate1 & r$i/ribute !m4 ,! pr(essors1 ! editors1 & ! orators lead1 & ! hortatory pron\ncem5ts ( ! pulpit foll[ closely4 ,! ,c>p5t] ( ,naz>e?1 x is true1 held o!r views ( 8success02 b 8 precepts w\ld seem to h gone out ( fa%ion 9 ! fanes & tab]nacles o/5sibly devot$ to 8 wor%ip4 ,) all ranks & conditions ,success becomes ! great god2 & z ?\gh !re 7 n already prie/s & vot>ies en\gh = 8 prop] wor%ip1 a special class ( publications has rec5tly aris51 :i* s]ve z 8 v[$ & consecrat$ m9i/]s4 ,^! tea* to ! dev\t b unsophi/icat$ foll[]s ( ! great god ! p>ticul> means be/ adapt$ to w9 8 grace2 h[ 8 fr[n may be av]t$2 or1 if 8 ang] be k9dl$1 by :at p5ances & o!r rites he is to be propitiat$4 ,!y *ant ! praises & recite ! life-incid5ts ( ^? :o h be5 mo/ conspicu\sly bless$1 & to all ! re/ ( mank9d !y %\t1 8,foll[ our c\nsel1 & "s day y %all be ev5 l unto ^!40 ,x is a glitt]+ lure1 & x is eag]ly pursu$4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 n )\t d\bts & misgiv+s2 = a recognition t 8all ! gates are ?rong$ ) suitors10 t 8all ! m>kets ov]fl[10 & t ! settl+ & h>d5+ ( socio-indu/rial processes has already begun1 becomes m g5]al1 & leads _m to essay ! trial ( =tune's pa?way only z a desp]ate & =lorn adv5ture4 ,b ^! are ! exceptions2 ! majority are /ill to be caught by lim$ twigs4 ,! gods d5i$ mank9d _m gifts1 & atta*$ h>d conditions to mo/ ( ^? :i* !y grant$4 ,b = all _! )hold+ ( c]ta9 gifts & _! ta9t+ ( o!rs1 !y s\ght to comp5sate by giv+ an extra all[ance ( cr$ulity4 ,,iii ,n only by ! %[]+ ( precepts1 by ! enc\ragem5t ( individual ef=t1 & by ! dangl+ ( m or less illusory prizes be=e ! wi/ful multitude does ! rul+ class ma9ta9 its hold4 ,x invites1 to "s ext5t1 a p>ticipation 9 ! h>ve/4 ,! gr[? ( ! %>ehold+ class1 ( :i* m5tion has already be5 made1 is by no means :olly =tuit\s4 ,new companies ( small initial capital1 & ) some:at dubi\s *ances 9 ! great /ruggle1 may be glad en\gh to m>ket _! %>es :]esoev] !y c2 b some?+ ( seigniorial grace & condesc5sion1 ?\gh n entirely unmix$ ) calculat+ =esight1 is app>5t 9 ! op5+ ( opportunities = small inve/m5t 9 ! l>g] & m /able corporations4 ,mr4 ,john ,b4 ,c4 ,k]%aw1 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review = ,may1 #aijj1 gives an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ?is fo/]+ ( %>e-inve/m5t 9 ,engl&4 ,! indu/rial magnates1 he says1 saw t ! be/ policy = prev5t+ ! gr[? ( a public s5tim5t favor+ ! encroa*m5ts ( labor w\ld be to increase ! numb] ( b\rgeoisie int]e/$ 9 indu/rial affairs4 ,accord+ly !y enc\rag$ popul> %>e-buy+1 ) ! result t 8a l>ge & increas+ proportion ( ! g5]al public is n[ f9ancially involv$ 9 all indu/rial /ruggles1 & our manufactur]s feel assur$ t ! dang] le/ ! work]s %\ld be back$ by a solid & en?usia/ic public op9ion 9 _! dem&s = %ort] h\rs or increas$ pay no long] exi/s40 ,z 9 ,engl&1 s also "h4 ,! movem5t t[>d corporate own]%ip is probably m pron\nc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an 9 ! old] c\ntry1 & x has be5 equally enc\rag$ f above4 ,jo9t-/ock conc]ns increas$ 9 ,engl& f #icdd 9 #ahhe to #be1bfg 9 #ahih4 ,9 ,massa*usetts1 ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! prep>ation ( /ati/ics mo/ ne>ly approa*es ! me?ods ( sci5ce1 corporations are report$ to h increas$ dur+ ! ye>s #ahhe-ie by m ?an #gg p] c5t4 ,z = %>ehold]s1 ! n9e pr9cipal manufactur+ indu/ries ( ,massa*usetts = ! same p]iod %[ p]c5tages ( increase rang+ f #ac4hg 9 tape/ry to #fcg4gd 9 lea!r1 saddles1 & h>ness4 ,! entire c\ntry has %[n a m>k$ gr[? 9 ! numb] ( ?is class1 & x w\ld seem t no "o is too poor to hold a %>e 9 "s corporation4 ,inde$1 to read ! argum5ts ( ! legal reta9]s ( ! magnates 9 ! ,income ,tax case1 & 9 ! v>i\s tru/ cases t f "t to "t arise1 "o w\ld ?9k t ! ma9 body ( ! %>ehold]s ( ! nation 0 compos$ ( work+m51 wid[s1 & orphans4 ,9 no "t s9ce ! prophet ,ezekiel's day h !re be5 utt]$ words ( su* t5d] consid]ation = ! poor & ne$y1 ! wid[ & ! orphan1 & ( su* bitt] d5unciation = _! w\ld-be despoil]s z 7 te>fully put =? 9 oppos+ ! income tax4 ,a great numb] ( %>ehold]s 9 a p>ticul> company w\ld seem1 on fir/ ?\ght1 to be some?+ ( a nuisance4 ,unque/ionably !y w\ld repres5t a wide range ( conflict+ views & antagoni/ic purposes1 all be>+ ^u ! "o problem ( ! prop] op]ation ( ! company's prop]ty2 & w\ld ?us give sali5t in/ances ( t unwisdom :i* is too (t5 f\nd 9 a multitude ( c\nsellors4 ,at lea/ ?is is ! seigniorial argum5t aga9/ national collectivism--an argum5t :i* "o might naturally suppose to be q z applicable to ! p>ticul> collectivism ( ! /ock company4 ,b x does n s apply2 ! solid advantages ( diffus$ %>ehold+ 9 assur+ g5]al public sanction to ! acts ( ! magnates outweigh ! confusion & dang] :i* are alleg$ to lie 9 public own]%ip4 ,! social & political effect ( ?is g5]al p>ticipation 9 ! own]%ip ( indu/ries may be readily obs]v$ by all b ! bl9d4 8,if ! tru? 7 kn[n10 wrote t ke5-witt$ f9anci]1 ,mr4 ,russell ,sage1 9 a magaz9e article publi%$ la/ ,may1 8conc5tration ( weal? is popul> ) ! masses40 ,p>tn]s 9 ! great ent]prises1 ! multitude ( petty %>ehold]s are l$ m & m to consid] economic que/ions f ! employ]s' /&po9t4 ,9 ! controv]sies betwe5 labor & capital t5 ye>s ago ! av]age citiz5 0 b an onlook]1 sometimes a weak p>tisan ( capital1 b v (t5 a neutral1 ) a /rong lat5t sympa?y = ! 8"u dog40 ,to-day1 ?anks to 8 hold+ ( a s+le %>e 9 ! /eel corporation or ( two or ?ree %>es 9 "s /reet railway company1 he is an employ]1 "o ( ! m5 8to :om ,god1 9 ,8 inf9ite wisdom1 has giv5 ! control ( ! prop]ty int]e/s ( ! c\ntry40 ,he sees1 ?9ks1 & feels z a memb]1 h[ev] humble1 ( ! employ+ class2 & :at ! magnates ?9k & d is to him all ! law & ! prophets4 8,b\nd by gold *a9s ab\t ! feet0 ( 8 feudatory lords1 he is at ! same "t a %>] 9 _! responsibilities & a fai?ful reta9] 9 _! s]vice4 ,,iv ,x w\ld be idle to decl>e t all ! t5d5cies make t[>d acquiesc5ce4 ,j z 9 ! atmosph]e a prevail+ drift ( ! w9d is accompani$ by cross curr5ts1 flurries1 & rotatory motions1 s ! dom9ant t5d5cy discov]able 9 social indu/ry is qualifi$ by _m complex processes4 ,( ! cross curr5ts "h to be briefly not$1 "s are b trifl+1 :ile o!rs und\bt$ly reveal a c]ta9 =ce & con/ancy4 ,a small "p ( ! public is ev] 9 a /ate ( f]m5t ov] imput$ social evils1 & at r>e times ?is f]m5t becomes g5]al4 ,recurr+ labor tr\bles indicate t ! _s ( resi/ance1 if x really be dy+1 dies h>d4 ,/rikes ( ! magnitude ( ^? at ,home/ead & 9 ! ,t5nessee m9es 9 #ahib1 at ,*icago & o!r railroad c5tres 9 #ahid1 ! sev]al an?racite coal /rikes ( #ahig1 #aijj1 & #aijb1 & ! /eel /rike ( #aija prove t organiz$ labor has n :olly succumb$ to ! encompass+ =ces ab\t x4 ,! rem>kable gr[? 9 numb]s1 ^! la/ two ye>s1 ( ! unions compos+ ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 is confirmatory te/imony4 ,radical political movem5ts1 fur!rmore1 h n be5 want+4 ,! ,sociali/s h increas$ _! vot+ /r5g? 9 ! nation f "s #bjjj ballots 9 #ahhh to upw>d ( #acj1jjj 9 #aijj4 ,! ,f>m]s' ,alliance made trem5d\s headway 9 ! election ( #ahij1 & its political successor1 ! ,p's p>ty1 secur$ by fusion m ?an #a1jjj1jjj votes 9 #ahib & ne>ly #b1jjj1jjj 9 #ahid4 8,labor0 mayors & ev5 ,sociali/ mayors h be5 elect$ 9 sev]al cities1 & ! poll+ ( #ajf1gba votes = ,samuel ,m4 ,jones = ,gov]nor ( ,ohio 9 #ahii 0 a truly rem>kable %[+ ( ! residual indep5d5ce ( ! citiz5%ip4 ,!re are also g5]al social movem5ts to *ronicle4 ,re=m societies & clubs are occasionally he>d (2 arbitration movem5ts h met ) "s favor2 !re has be5 a consid]able gr[? 9 ! numb] ( univ]sity & college settlem5ts2 & anti-tru/ conf]5ces & ?+s ( t sort h frequ5tly met1 talk$1 & disp]s$4 ,inde$1 all ( u at times grumble & f9d fault ) g5]al conditions4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,russell ,sage1 9 ! face ( 8 exultant panegyric on ! b5efic5ce ( comb9ation1 has v rec5tly giv5 to ! press a /atem5t d5\nc+ ! fur!r consolidation ( indu/ry1 & pr$ict+1 9 case 8 words are n he$$1 8widespread revolt ( ! p & subsequ5t f9ancial ru9 unequall$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w40 ,?\gh only a few ( u are irreconcilable at all times1 all ( u are disaffect$ sometimes--especially :5 our p>ticul> int]e/s are p9*$4 ,we talk ?reat5+ly ( in/itut+ ref]5dums to curb excessive p[]1 ( levy+ income taxes1 or ( compell+ ! ,gov]nm5t to acquire ! railroads & ! telegraphs4 ,we subscribe to newspap]s & o!r publications :i* criticise ! acts ( ! great corporations1 & we hail z a new ,grac*us ! ard5t re=m] :o occasionally comes =? = a season to d battle = ! popul> cause4 ,v ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t ?is revolt is1 = ! mo/ "p1 s5tim5tal2 x is a m5tal attitude only occasionally transmutable into t]ms ( action4 ,x is1 moreov]1 sporadic & flick]+2 x dies out1 aft] a "t1 & we rev]t to our usual moods1 conc]n+ ourselves ) our p>ticul> int]e/s1 & lett+ ! re/ ( ! _w wag z x w4 ,! specific social reaction ( ! la/ few ye>s has be5 especially m>k$4 ,x has %[n itself 9 ! weak5+ or disruption ( radical political movem5ts1 9 ! m hesitant attitude ( ! trade-unioni/s1 9 ! decl9e ( factory legislation1--9 fact1 ( all legislation t5d+ to ! protection ( ! weak] & ! regulation ( ! /rong]1--& 9 a g5]al feel+ ( ! futility ( social ef=t4 ,! ,anti-imp]iali/s w h x t ?is admitt$ reaction is due to ! ,s\? ,african & ,philipp9e w>s1 to a lu/ ( empire & a contempt = ! rights ( weak] peoples4 ,x is a pretty !ory1 b un=tunately x has small basis 9 *ronology4 ,= ! reaction _h already become app>5t be=e ei!r w> 0 wag$4 ,! date ( its beg9n+ may be v>i\sly guess$ at2 b x is probable t ! "t assign$ to x 9 ,*apt] ,v--some:]e )9 ! two ye>s #ahif-ig--;is n f> wrong4 ,be=e t "t a v l>ge "p ( ! public c\ld occasionally be int]e/$ 9 social measures & movem5ts1 & 9 social lit]ature4 ,?\s&s ( ev5 ! mo/ h>d5$ phili/9es read ,mr4 ,george's 8,progress & ,pov]ty10 ,mr4 ,bellamy's 8,look+ ,backw>d10 & ,mr4 ,kidd's 8,social ,evolution40 ,& z = t m9or section ( ! public1 ! social re=m]s1 !re 0 !n to be f\nd among !m a radicalism ( belief1 a def9it5ess ( aim1 an ard5cy & det]m9ation ( _s t are sadly want+ n[4 ,d\btless to e "o ( ^!1 z he ruefully comp>es ! two p]iods1 !re recurs ! s5tim5t ( ! ,wordswor?ian recollection1-- 8,bliss 0 x 9 t dawn to be alive1 ,b to be "y 0 v heav540 ,:ile 9 ! bosom ( e devotee ( ,?+s-z-!y-are !re rises ! s5tim5t ( ?ankfulness t ! mass ( ! p h le>n$ ! wisdom ( lett+ well en\gh alone4 ,political radicalism rea*$ its culm9at+ po9t 9 ! election ( #ahif4 ,despite c]ta9 fooli% & mis*iev\s notions embodi$ 9 ! two radical plat=ms ( t ye>1 ! comb9$ movem5t 0 yet a consi/5t & unifi$ attack ^u class rule4 ,! elections ( ! next two ye>s reveal$ a wan+ ( ,populi/ & ,democratic /r5g?1 & 9 #aijj a f9e s5se ( caution prompt$ ! ,fusioni/s to subord9ate ! indu/rial dem&s ( _! plat=ms to ! issue ( ,imp]ialism4 ,! ,sociali/s1 x is true1 usually increase _! vote2 b ! admitt$ fact ( a great gr[? ( ,sociali/ conviction ?r\gh\t ! l& makes ^! slight increases at ! polls appe> b trivial1 & only fur!r confirms ! view t su* radicalism is s5tim5tal r ?an pot5tial4 ,anti-tru/ conf]5ces are n )\t an elem5t ( humor2 at lea/1 !y are ! cause ( mu* humor 9 outsid]s2 & ! widely h]ald$ arbitration c\rt ( ! ,national ,civic ,f$]ation breaks d[n on ! v occasion :5 mo/ is expect$ ( x--t ( ! an?racite coal /rike4 ,organiz$ labor1 despite its great] num]ical /r5g?1 is f> less aggressive ?an ( old2 & except 9 isolat$ in/ances1 x obs]ves a caution :i* w\ld h fur!r di/+ui%$ ,fabius4 ,z = ! gr[? ( college settlem5ts1 ! fact is only an add$ pro( ( reaction4 ,!y d a great good1 unque/ionably2 b _! basis is philan?ropy & n social adju/m5t4 ,z a p1 we h he>d en\gh1 = ! "t1 ab\t social problems1 & pref] to int]e/ ourselves 9 o!r matt]s4 ,pr(essor ,walt] ,a4 ,wyck(f1 :o has rec5tly *ang$ ! sc5e ( 8 optimi/ic obs]vances f ,am]ica to ,engl&1 has an article 9 ! ,septemb] ,scribn]'s on ! ,engli% social situation4 8,! condition-(-!-p problem10 he writes1 8lacks vitality = ! mom5t because1 z "o %rewd obs]v] rem>k$1 #8! public has gr[n tir$ ( ! poor4'0 ,we are feel+ ! same we>9ess "h4 ,our b5evol5ce some:at increases1 & we are will+ to give1 & m ?an will+ t ! magnates %all give freely2 b we want to be tr\bl$ no m ) rem$ial s*emes4 ,r1 we are dispos$ to tru/ to seigniorial wisdom & virtue to set ?+s "r4 ,"s ( u w p]haps decl9e to g s f> 9 our tru/ z a c]ta9 prom95t ,massa*usetts lady :o propos$ to aboli% work+-class suffrage4 8,i ?9k10 said ?is lady 9 an address to a club ( work+ girls1 8_m ( ! tr\bles betwe5 employ] & m5 might be swept away if ! m5 c\ld n vote4 ,if he felt t !y did n /& on j ! same foot+ z himself1 t !y _h n q s _m privileges z he1 ! employ] might h a *ivalric feel+ t[>d !m40 ,"s ( u may hesitate at ?is project1 b )al we are will+ to tru/ l>gely to seigniorial guidance4 ,in/ead ( ! p]sonal fidelity t *>act]iz$ ! old] ,feudalism1 we are rapidly develop+ a class fidelity4 ,hi/ory may repeat itself1 z ! adage runs2 b n by id5tical =ms & ev5ts4 ,x is n likely t p]sonal fidelity1 z once kn[n1 c ev] be re/or$3 ! long p]iod ( dislodgm5t f ! l&1 ! diffusion ( le>n+1 ! ex]cise ( ! fran*ise1 & ! tra9+ 9 individual ef=t h left a seem+ly unbridgeable *asm betwe5 ! pa/ & ! pres5t =ms4 ,b ?\gh p]sonal fidelity1 9 ! old s5se1 is improbable1 gr\p fidelity1 f\nd$ ^u ! consci\s dep5d5ce ( a class1 is already obs]vable1 & x gr[s apace4 ,out ( ! s5se ( class dep5d5ce arises ! extreme def]5ce :i* we yield1 ! rapt homage :i* we pay--n z individuals1 b z units ( a class--to ! m5 ( weal?4 ,we d n "k !m p]sonally1 & we h no s5se ( p]sonal atta*m5t4 ,b 9 mo/ ?+s we grant !m priority4 ,we s5d !m or _! legates to ! ,s5ate to make our laws2 we p]mit !m to "n our adm9i/rators & our judici>y2 we li/5 ) eag] att5tion to _! utt]ances1 & we abide by _! judgm5t4 ,:5 ! v5]able ,mr4 ,hewitt1 br\ght =? l ! holy man ,onias1 9 ! ,judean civil w> betwe5 ,ari/obulus & ,hyrcanus1 to d5\nce ! oppos+ faction1 utt]s 8 ana!ma aga9/ ! m9ions ( ,mr4 ,mit*ell1 we li/5 9 awe & are conv9c$4 ,a ?ree-l9e int]view ) ! *ief ( ! magnates is read ) an eag]ness :olly want+ 9 our p]usal ( an (ficial pronunciam5to by ! mo/ /r5u\s ( ,presid5ts4 ,our racial s5se ( humor1 x mu/ be confess$1 saves u f ! m slavi% =ms ( def]5ce2 we je/ ab\t solemn !mes & take 9 va9 ! names ( great be+s4 ,ev5 ! "n ( ! great magnate is m or less humor\sly play$ ^u2 & our late/ national pa/ime ( 8tru/-bu/+0 reveals a l levity1 ?\gh an innoc5t "o4 ,x %[s1 moreov]1 h[ f> we h react$ f our ,puritan =efa!rs4 ,= x is pursu$ n on acc\nt ( ! pa9 x gives ! tru/s1 b = ! h>mless pleasure x gives bo? p>ticipants & spectators4 ,b our subs]vi5cy1 ?\gh less =mal ?an t ( old1 is )al m real & fundam5tal4 ,,vi ,curr5t passivity has1 h[ev]1 a rev]se side4 ,to _m p]sons a recognition ( ! *ang+ conditions br+s demoralization or despair4 ,all are n won by ! lure ( 8success40 ,to an increas+ numb] ! dangl+ prize 9 ! di/ance is b a mirage1 & oppress$ by a s5se ( ! bankruptcy ( life !y seek an oblivi\s relief4 ,!re is a drift t[>d ! tw9 dissipations ( dr9k & gambl+1 & !re is an increase ( suicide4 ,! great] dr9k consumption is a matt] ( common obs]vation1 & x is amply atte/$ by /ati/ics4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,holt ,s*ool+'s figures 9 a rec5t issue ( ! ,=tnightly ,review %[ an increas$ consumption 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( #bj p] c5t = ! ye>s #ahif-aijj1 z aga9/ ! ye>s #ahhf-ij4 ,! p]c5tage ( increase is slightly less ?an t ( ^? indu/rially exploit$ nations1 ,g]many & ,france1 b consid]ably m ?an t ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,! annual figures publi%$ 9 ! ,_w ,almanac = #aijb give m p]t95t lessons4 ,! unsettl$ & tr\bl\s ye>1 #ahic1 witness$ an enorm\s increase 9 dr9k consumption2 b ! succe$+ h>d times ( #ahid & #ahie1 :5 dr9k-money 0 increas+ly h>d to obta91 induc$ a great] sobriety4 ,) #ahif dr9k+ became m g5]al1 or at lea/ m en]getic2 & except = a slight fall+ (f 9 #ahii1 ! consumption ( liquors & w9es has ris5 /eadily1 rea*+ ! enorm\s total ( #a1cdi1agf1jcc gallons 9 #aijj4 ,mu* ( ?is ga9 is conf9$ to be]1 ! *eape/ ( alcoholic bev]ages2 b !re has also be5 a ph5om5al increase 9 ! consumption ( spirits4 ,f #ga1jea1hgg gallons consum$ 9 #ahif !re has be5 a /eady annual rise to ! total ( #ig1bdh1chb gallons 9 #aijj1 a ga9 ( #cf4h p] c5t4 ,! rec5t increase ( petty gambl+ is /ill m noticeable4 ,play+ = high /akes1 a cu/om common en\gh 9 ! late ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury & ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5?1 has long be5 giv5 ov] or transf]r$ to ! doma9 ( 8bus9ess40 ,b :at is colloquially kn[n z 8t9-horn0 gambl+ has advanc$1 ^! la/ five ye>s1 by leaps & b\nds4 ,d\btless ! high prec$5t ( our national ,monte ,c>los1 ! /ock ex*anges1 is ample cause = mu* ( x2 b o!r causes are also 9 op]ation4 ,) ^? p]sons t he>k5 to1 b he$ n1 ! seigniorial exhortation to be/ir !mselves & conqu] 8success10 petty gambl+ is an expression ( unbelief4 ,!y "k t ! prizes adv]tis$ 9 ! great indu/rial game are n to be won2 !y see no?+ ahead b a dull r\t9e ( poorly remun]at$ labor1 & !y turn to gambl+ p>tly = recreation & p>tly = pr(it4 ,) ^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :o n only he>k5 b he$1 gambl+ is m]ely ! application ( _! ambiti\s plans to ! bran* ( indu/ry :i* promises1 h[ev] va9ly1 ! mo/ imm$iate returns4 ,f>o1 k5o1 & r\lette may h suff]$ "s decl9e 9 favor4 ,if s1 /atutes & ! police1 in/ead ( a gr[+ av]sion to gambl+1 mu/ be held responsible4 ,x is "o ( ^? conv5tional puzzles :i* none c expla91 t x is possible 9 our cities to re/rict table & :eel gambl+1 b seem+ly impossible to re/rict c]ta9 o!r =ms4 ,pok]1 = in/ance1 ma9ta9s its hold1 unaw$ by /atute & unhamp]$ by au?ority2 :ile policy & race-bett+1 ! special refuges ( ! desp]ately poor & ! desp]ately fatu\s1 w9 new & la/+ conv]ts day by day4 ,inde$1 ! gr[? ( race-bett+ is "o ( ! /rik+ ph5om5a ( our "t4 ,x has become a habit1 a disease2 & its confirm$ victims are held 9 z slavi% a ?raldom z are ! victims ( opium & ha%ee%4 ,"o ne$ n p5etrate to a pool-room or j\rney to a race-track to discov] evid5ces ( its g5]al diffusion4 ,he may he> ( x on e side1 & he may f9d def9itive pro( 9 ! daily j\rnals4 ,9 ne>ly all ( ^! ! space giv5 to ! reports ( races1 ! li/s ( bett+ odds & acc\nts ( great w9n+s1 is g5]\s2 & 9 "s ?ree or f\r ( ! metropolitan dailies ! subject rises to ! rank ( a specialty4 ,! flaunt+ adv]tisem5ts ( ! 8tip/]s0 9 "o ( ^! newspap]s rival 9 ext5t ( space us$ & opul5ce ( b>ga9s (f]$1 ! ann\ncem5ts ( ! dry-goods m]*ants4 ,! glitt]+ lures dangl$ be=e ! multitude by ! seigniors seem trivial by comp>ison4 ,unc]ta91 & at be/ remote1 !y prove no mat* = ! ne>-at-h& prizes to be won 9 gambl+2 & z a consequ5ce t5s ( ?\s&s p9 _! hope ( 8success0 9 ?is _w to a s]ies ( =tunate w9n+s4 ,! mean+ ( ! increase ( suicide is cl\d$ by a numb] ( factors1 & x is impossible to ascribe ! t5d5cy to "o cause alone4 ,7 we to accept ! explanation ( ! pulpit1 we %\ld see 9 x ! awful consequ5ces ( ! decl9e ( fai?4 ,pa?ologi/s1 h[ev]1 :ile n d5y+ ?is influ5ce1 enum]ate _m o!rs4 ,racial & temp]am5tal factors1 dr9k & vice1 are all conc]n$ 9 ! matt]1 & ev5 climates & seasons are influ5tial4 ,b :atev] ! effect ( ^! may be1 ! int5sify+ /ruggle = life ^! la/ few ye>s1 & :at appe>s to _m m9ds a d>k5+ outlook = ! future1 mu/ be ackn[l$g$ z p[]ful ag5ts 9 increas+ ! rate ( self-de/ruction4 ,! rate is highe/ 9 ! great indu/rial c5tres1 :]e ! /ruggle is fi]ce/1 :]e ! ri*e/ /akes are won & lo/1 :]e luxury is mo/ flaunt+ & pov]ty mo/ gall+2 & x is lea/ :]e ! /ruggle is 9 "s measure relax$4 ,! rec5t c5sus %[s = ! decade an increas$ rate p] #ajj1jjj ( population f #h4h to #i4i 9 ! ,/ates :]e regi/ration ( dea?s is requir$1 f #aa to #ab4g 9 regi/ration cities1 & f #aj4c to #aa4h = ! entire regi/ration record4 ,!re are a few anomalies 9 ! figures :i* are difficult ( explanation2 ! workaday cities ( ,fall ,riv] & ,allegh5y h l[ rates ( suicide1 ! resid5ce city ( ,los ,angeles a high rate1 :ile ,san ,francisco reveals ! abnormal rate ( #di p] #ajj1jjj4 ,) all all[ances1 h[ev]1 ! rule holds good3 ! m di/9ctly indu/rial & comm]cial cities h rem>kably high rates1 ! less di/9ctly indu/rial & comm]cial cities rem>kably l[ rates4 ,9 ! fir/ gr\p are ,*icago1 ) a rate ( #ba4h2 ,milwaukee1 #ba2 ,/4 ,l\is1 #ai4a2 ,bo/on1 #ad4d2 ,c9c9nati1 #ac4e2 ,new ,york1 #ac4a2 ,philadelphia1 #ab4b2 ,baltimore1 #ab2 ,pittsburg1 #i4c4 ,9 ! second gr\p may be in/anc$ ,atlanta1 ) a rate ( #f4f2 ,d5v]1 #f2 ,albany1 #c4b2 ,h>t=d1 #a4c2 ,ri*mond1 #a4b4 ,^! suicides are ! unfit1 say ! complac5t philosoph]s ( ! day1 & are q z well (f dead z alive2 b !y prove at lea/ t "s slight qualification is ne$$ to ,pr(essor ,sumn]'s optimi/ic g5]alization t 8an air ( cont5tm5t & en?usia/ic *e]fulness 444 *>act]izes our society40 ,! w9n]s 9 ! race are d\btless en?usia/ically *e]ful1 & ! great mass t keeps /eadily on1 f$ by ! delusion ( ultimate 8success10 are at lea/ *e]ful )\t en?usiasm2 b back ( ^! are ! los]s & ! _m :o h se5 ! holl[ness ( ! _w's promise1 ^: outlook ^u life is "o ( int5sify+ despair4 ,,vii ,all ( our g5]al in/itutions reflect ! *anges 9 public ?\ght1 ta/e1 & feel+ consequ5t ^u ! *ang+ conditions ( ! social rgime4 ,b on none ( !m are ^! *anges writ m cle>ly or 9 l>g] *>act]s ?an on ! in/itution ( lett]s4 ,along ) ! morganization ( indu/ry /eadily proce$s ! munseyization ( lit]ature4 ,we are a free p1 our politicians tell u1 & are /r5u\sly resolv$ to rema9 s4 ,b if we are to be judg$ by our popul> lit]ature1 ! v]dict c h>dly be o!r ?an t we h rea*$ an advanc$ /age ( subs]vi5cy1 & t ! normal mood ( ! ov]:elm+ majority is "o ( complac5ce ) its lot4 ,our popul> magaz9es regul>ly keep be=e u a ju/ification1 actual or inf]5tial1 ( ?+s z !y are2 & ?\gh x is c\*$ 9 less argum5tative phras+ ?an t ( ! newspap]s1 x is1 no d\bt1 = t v reason1 a m plausible & effective expression ( ! plea4 ,!re are panegyrics on our capta9s ( indu/ry1 tales ( _! exploits 9 ! great indu/rial battle1 descriptions ( _! t[n-h\ses & c\ntry-seats1--all1 9 fact1 t makes = ! emulation ( _! wisdom & virtues1 & p>ticul>ly ( _! faculty ( acquisitiv5ess1--) a multitude ( recipes = ! w9n+ ( 8success40 ,along ) ?is is provid$ a vaudeville ( idle ent]ta9m5t3 wond] tales1 %ort /ories1 a gall]y ( pictures ( /age-folk1 :o1 :atev] _! m]its may be1 be> b a problematic relation to lit]ature2 & f9ally an amorph\s comp\nd ( s$ative miscellany t n only *>ms ! m9d f s]i\s ?9k+1 b 9 "t p>alyzes ! v p[] ( ?\ght4 ,su* ( ^! publications z indulge 9 ! g5tle art ( review+ give fur!r evid5ce ( *ang+ conditions4 ,review+1 z n[ practis$1 /udies ! am5ities ( life1 ) a p>ticul> reg>d = ! c\nt+ (fice1 8:]e9 do? sit ! dread & fe>0 ( ! publi%] :o has adv]tis+ to di/ribute4 ,) a few notable exceptions ! review+ j\rnals make x _! bus9ess to be 8nice40 ,!y d n damn1 n ev5 ) fa9t praise2 !y comm5d or extol4 ,x is n t !y praise ins9c]ely a bad book--review+ is too highly develop$ a craft = su* crudity4 ,b 9 a bad book all t ! wide/ ex]cise ( *>ity c pron\nce ev5 passably good comes 9 = praise2 & :at is weak or poor1 or inclusive "u old ,john ,d5nis's favorite t]m ( 8clott$ nons5se10 is m]cifully omitt$ f m5tion4 ,s x is :5 ! adv]tis+ publi%] is a factor 9 ! game4 ,b a review+ j\rnal mu/ uphold a reputation = imp>tial judgm5t1 & mu/ ?us m+le blame ) praise4 ,its opportunity comes :5 "s +lori\s ,milton ( ,p5obscot or ,butte pr9ts 8 v]ses at home at 8 own exp5se4 ,a copy drifts into ! review+ (fice & effects a trans=mation4 ,! angelic temp] ^u :i* s _m & su* l>ge drafts are made becomes exhau/$1 & ! humble poet is treat$ to ! sort ( ?+ :i* ,gif=d us$ to deal out to ! ,della ,cruscans & ! ireful ,d5nis to ! poeta/]s ( ,que5 ,anne's "t4 ,x 0 p]haps ! la/ regret ( ! late ,j4 ,gordon ,coogl]1 ( ,columbia1 ,s4,c41 t in/ead ( pr9t+ 8 amiable v]ses on 8 own press1 he _h n gu>ante$ ! co/ ( _! production1 & secur$ _! publication by a metropolitan firm4 ,! lit]>y di/9ction ( =m] days has tak5 w+s4 ,:e!r or n ,wordswor? 0 "r 9 8 lam5t ov] ! /ate ( ,engl& 9 #ahjc may be que/ion$2 b a l lam5t utt]$ = our own l& & "t w\ld be 9 l>ge "p ju/ifi$4 ,we h ! two extremes ( exce$+ly pla9 liv+ & ( wildly extravagant liv+2 b high ?9k+ seems to be ! accompanim5t ( nei!r4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! only really salable books h be5 novels1 & among ^! popul> favor has c5tr$ almo/ :olly on ! k9d call$ hi/orical--call$ s n because ! /ories be> any relation to hi/ory1 b because 9 !m ! action is put 9 a pa/ "t4 ,lately1 x is true1 !re h be5 signs ( a reaction2 b let none imag9e t x is due to a gr[+ ta/e = /rong] meat4 ,r x is an evid5ce t 9 our love ( novelty we h tir$ ( "o trifle & n[ dem& ano!r 9 its /ead4 ,= ! rec5t indications ( decl9+ favor = ! hi/orical novel are accompani$ by no signs ( reviv+ favor = m s]i\s works4 ,! ,huxley ,memoirs1 x is true1 unexpect$ly a*iev$ ! degree ( favor usually giv5 to a fif?-rate novel2 b ! "w1 despite its sci5ce1 philosophy1 & religi\s controv]sy1 0 yet an ent]ta9+ /ory1 & won its way = t reason4 ,no m 9 fiction ?an 9 o!r bran*es ( lit]ature is !re promise ( bett] ?+s4 ,ev5 ! 8problem0 novel1 :i*1 ?\gh (t5 crude or hy/]ical1 0 yet an attempt to deal ) "s ( ! deep] facts ( life1 has be5 bani%$1 & is n to be p]mitt$ to return4 8,our publi%]s10 says ! well-kn[n lit]>y supplem5t ( a ,new ,york daily newspap]1 8are seek+ on all sides = :olesome /ories1 deal+ optimi/ically ) life1 & rea*+ happy conclusions40 ,x is a true judgm5t1 & reveals mo/ cle>ly ! pres5t /&>ds ( public ta/e4 ,our popul> magaz9es mo/ accurately reflect ! public m9d4 ,pictures & /ories are ! sub/ance ( its *ildi% delight4 ,among p]iodicals we h no?+ 9 any way comp>able to ! ,ed9burgh1 ! ,qu>t]ly1 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ! ,=tnightly1 ! ,contempor>y1 ! ,a!num1 ! ,spectator1 ! ,saturday ,review1 or ev5 ! ,academy4 ,:atev] t5d5cies ( late h seem$ to indicate ! future plant+ ( su* reviews on ^! %ores1 h v rec5tly be5 ext+ui%$4 ,( ?ree publications 9 :i* articles ( "s ?\ght & "s importance 7 occasionally pr9t$1 two h rec5tly f\nd a mon?ly issue m frequ5t ?an ! public ta/e requir$1 & h accord+ly trans=m$ !mselves into qu>t]lies1 :ile ! ?ird has be5 =c$ to make concessions to ! g5]al dem& = 8lightness & brightness40 ,= ^! are ! qualities :i* pay4 8,make x light & bright10 is ! ord] :i* ! lit]>y contributor he>s 9 ! editorial (fices :5 he submits 8 w>es2 & ?\gh ! t]ms may be v>i\sly int]pret$1 he und]/&s :at is meant3 he mu/ write d[n to ! level ( *ildi% m9ds & complac5t natures4 ,accord+ly1 he writes s1 to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 & s1 to t limit1 d all 8 fell[s4 ,! collective result is se5 9 ! "* ( ! great] numb] ( our books1 our magaz9es1 our ,saturday & ,sunday supplem5ts4 ,on all sides is p\r$ =? a flood ( pr9t :i* deludes ! hope or flatt]s ! vanity ( ! mass1 & :i* insures a /ate ( m5tal subs]vi5cy1--! necess>y requisite ( ! economic subs]vi5cy impos$ by ! rul+ class4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,transition ,,& ,,fulfilm5t ,^u all ! het]og5e\s b coalesc+ units ( ! social mass ! gr\p ( magnates imposes its collective w4 ,!re are /ill disputes & rivalries among ! rul]s1 & may ev] be2 b ^! are = ! mo/ "p m9or diff]5ces1 to be settl$ among !mselves & _! mutual arbitrators1 ! judges1 & qualify 9 no way ! facts ( a recogniz$ community ( int]e/s & ( collective purposes & plans4 ,:atev] ! individual rivalries1 !y result 9 no delib]ate betrayal ( class int]e/2 practically e magnate ma9ta9s1 at all haz>ds1 8 fidelity to ! gr\p4 ,a s5se ( gr\p honor may 9 mo/ in/ances prompt ?is fidelity1 b a lively s5se ( appreh5sion is also influ5tial4 ,= %\ld any magnate become possess$ ( h]etical notions1 & !reupon make common cause ) ! public aga9/ a p>ticul> int]e/ ( 8 class1 he w\ld by t act bani% himself f communion ) 8 fell[s1 & jeop>d 8 possessions to ! la/ dime4 ,!re is1 z e "o kn[s1 a def9ite seigniorial resolve t no /rike ( workm5 on transportation l9es or 9 public utilities %all succe$2 & :5 su* a /rike occurs1 e res\rce ( ! magnate class is br\ght to be> to resi/ & defeat x4 ,(t5 !re are att5dant circum/ances :i* might tempt a rival1 = 8 own int]e/s1 to int]f]e on behalf ( ! work]s4 ,b ! ?+ is nev] done2 & he :o %\ld d x w\ld declass himself z effectually z a m$ival nobleman w\ld h done by enli/+ 9 a peasants' rebellion4 ,!re is1 fur!rmore1 a def9ite seigniorial det]m9ation to )/& to ! utmo/ ! agitation = public own]%ip2 e magnate1 ) 8 intellectual reta9]s beh9d him1 makes ( himself a mod]n ,/onewall ,jackson 9 resi/ance to ?is movem5t4 ,"h1 aga91 indu/rial rivalry might at times prompt a des]tion to ! public cause4 ,b !re is no su* case2 "h1 z else:]e1 ! rul+ class ma9ta9s its integrity4 ,z is kn[n1 great /rikes are sometimes won2 & occasionally1 9 isolat$ places1 an advance is made 9 ! direction ( public own]%ip4 ,b nei!r is accompli%$ ?r\gh des]tions 9 ! seigniorial gr\p1 & ! in/ances prove only t its rule has n yet become supreme4 ,i ,! new ,feudalism w be b an ord]ly outgr[? ( pres5t t5d5cies & conditions4 ,all societies evolve naturally out ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,9 sociology1 z 9 biology1 !re is no cell )\t a p>5t cell4 ,! society ( ea* g5]ation develops a multitude ( spontane\s & acquir$ v>iations1 & out ( ^!1 by a bl5d+ process ( natural & consci\s selection1 ! succe$+ society is evolv$4 ,! new ord] w diff] 9 no important respects f ! pres5t1 except 9 ! complet] developm5t ( its m sali5t features4 ,! visitor f ano!r planet :o _h kn[n ! old & %\ld see ! new w\ld note b few *anges4 ,alt] et idem--ano!r yet ! same--he w\ld say4 ,f magnate to b>on1 f workman to ville91 f publici/ to c\rt ag5t & reta9]1 w be *anges ( /ate & function s slight z to elude all b ! ke5e/ eyes4 ,an increas$ p[]1 a m conc5trat$ control1 w be se54 ,b ^! h _! limitations1 :i* mu/ n be disreg>d$4 ,a s5se ( ! lat5t /r5g? ( democracy w re/ra9 ! full ex]cise ( b>onial p[]s1 & a gr[+ s5se ( e?ics w guide b>onial activities some:at t[>d ! *annels ( social bett]m5t4 ,= democracy w endure1 9 spite ( ! new ord]4 8,l dea?10 said ,disraeli1 8x gives back no?+40 ,some?+ ( its sub/ance x gives back1 x mu/ be confess$2 b ( its out] =ms x yields no?+1 & ?us x reta9s ! pot5tiality ( ex]t+ its w 9 :atev] direction x may see fit4 ,& ?is fact1 ?\gh n[ b feebly recogniz$1 w be bett] und]/ood z "t runs on1 & ! b>ons w be> 9 m9d ! limit ( popul> pati5ce4 ,x is an ela/ic limit1 ( a tru?2 = ! mass ( mank9d are m ready to endure kn[n ills ?an to fly to o!rs t !y "k n4 ,x is a limit :i*1 to be he$$1 ne$s only to be c>efully /udi$4 ,macaulay's fam\s dictum1 t ! privileg$ classes1 :5 _! rule is ?reat5$1 always br+ ab\t _! own ru9 by mak+ fur!r exactions1 is likely1 9 ?is case1 to prove untrue4 ,a wis] =e?\ght beg9s to prevail among ! autocrats ( to-day--a =e?\ght de/9$ to gr[ & exp& & to prove ( ine/imable value :5 bequea!d to _! successors4 ,our nobility w ?us temp] _! exactions to an endurable limit2 & !y w di/ribute b5efits to a degree t makes a tol]ant1 if n a satisfi$1 p4 ,!y may ev5 make a work+ pr9ciple ( ,b5?am's maxim1 & aft]1 ( c\rse1 appropriat+ ! fir/ & *oice/ fruits ( indu/ry to !mselves1 may seek to promote ! 8greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]40 ,= !re9 w lie _! great] security4 ,! ,positivi/s1 9 _! pr$iction ( social *anges1 give u ! phrase1 8! moralization ( capital10 & "s ( ! m hopeful !ologians1 n to be outdone1 h prophesi$ 8! ,*ri/ianization ( capital40 ,s f> !re is n mu* to be said confirmatory ( ei!r expectation4 ,yet x is n to be d5i$ t ! fa9t /irr+s ( an e?ical s5se are obs]vable among ! m5 ( millions1 & t ! pr9ciple ( ! 8tru/ee%ip ( great weal?0 has won a numb] ( adh]5ts4 ,! enorm\s b5efactions = social purposes1 ! con/ruction ( 8model work%ops0 & 8model villages10 ?\gh 9 _m cases prompt$ by self-int]e/ & 9 o!rs by a love ( o/5tation1 are at lea/ sometimes due to a new s5se ( social responsibility4 ,a duty to society has be5 appreh5d$1 & ^! are its fir/ fruits4 ,x is a duty1 true en\gh1 :i* is b dimly se5 & imp]fectly fulfill$4 ,! great] "p ( ^! b5efactions1 z has already be5 po9t$ out1 is direct$ to purposes :i* h b a slight or indirect be>+ ^u ! relief ( social di/ress1 ! re/ra9t ( inju/ice1 or ! mitigation ( rem$iable h>d%ips4 ,! giv+ is ev5 (t5 economically false1 & if c>ri$ to an extreme w\ld prove disa/r\s to ! community2 = 9 _m cases x is a transmutation ( weal? f a /atus ( active capital1 :]e9 x makes possible a great] diffusion ( com=t1 to a /atus ( comp>ative /]ility4 ,b1 ?\gh (t5 mi/ak5 z is ! conception & futile ! fulfilm5t ( ?is duty1 ! fact t x is appreh5d$ at all is "o ( consid]able importance1 & "o t c>ries ! promise ( b>onial security 9 ! days to come4 ,,ii ,bondage to ! l& 0 ! basis ( ville9age 9 ! old rgime2 bondage to ! job w be ! basis ( ville9age 9 ! new4 ,! new rgime1 absolv+ itself f all g5]al responsibility to its work]s1 ext5ds a measure ( protection1 solely z an act ( grace1 only to ^? :o are fai?ful & ob$i5t2 & x holds ! entire mass ( its employ$ und]l+s to ! t]ms ( day-by-day s]vice4 ,! gr[? ( indu/ries has ov]%ad[$ ! importance ( agriculture1 :i* is ev] be+ pu%$ back into ! ,we/ & into o!r & remote c\ntries2 & ! new ord] f9ds its l>g] int]e/s & its great] measure ( control 9 ! work%ops r ?an on ! f>ms4 ,! oil wells1 ! m9es1 ! gra9 fields1 ! =e/s1 & ! great ?or\ghf>es ( ! l& are its ultimate s\rces ( rev5ue2 b its /rongholds are 9 ! cities4 ,x is 9 ^! c5tres ( activity1 ) _! w>eh\ses1 :]e ! h>ve/s are ho>d$2 _! work%ops1 :]e ! metals & woods are fa%ion$ into articles ( use2 _! great di/ribut+ h\ses2 _! ex*anges2 _! enorm\sly valuable fran*ises to be _h = ! ask+ or ! seiz+1 & _! pressure ( population1 :i* =ces an h\rly increase 9 ! exorbitant value ( l&1 t ! new ,feudalism f9ds ! field be/ adapt$ = its ma9 op]ations4 ,bondage to ! job w be ! basis ( ! new ville9age4 ,! wage-sy/em w endure1 = x is a simpl] & m effective means ( det]m9+ ! b>on's volume ( pr(its ?an 7 ! 8boon-works10 ! 8week-works10 & ! corves ( old4 ,b ) increas+ conc5tration on ! "o h&1 & ! fi]c] competition = employm5t on ! o!r1 ! secur$ job w become ! labor]'s =tress1 :i* he w h>dly d>e to evacuate4 ,! hope ( bett]+ 8 condition by surr5d]+ "o place 9 ! expectation ( gett+ ano!r w be qualifi$ by a re/ra9+ prud5ce4 ,he w no long] tru/ 8 individual /r5g?1 b :5 he prote/s aga9/ ill conditions1 or1 9 ! la/ resort1 /rikes1 x w be only 9 company ) a =midable ho/ ( 8 fell[s4 ,& ev5 ! collective ass]tion ( 8 dem&s w be re/ra9$ m & m z he consid]s ! con/antly recurr+ failures ( 8 ef=ts4 ,moreov]1 conc5tration gives opportunity = an almo/ indef9ite ext5sion ( ! black-li/3 a p]son ( (f5sive activity may be d5i$ "w 9 e feudal %op & on e feudal f>m f "o end ( ! c\ntry to ! o!r4 ,he w be a h>dy & reckless indu/rial ville9 inde$ :o w d>e incur ! enmity ( ! ,duke ( ! ,oil ,tru/ :5 he kn[s t 8 actions w be promptly communicat$ to ! b&$ autocracy ( dukes1 e>ls1 & m>quises ( ! /eel1 coal1 iron1 w9d[ glass1 lumb]1 & traffic indu/ries4 ,!re 7 ?ree "u-classes 9 ! old ,feudalism1--free t5ants1 ville9s1 & cott]s4 ,! numb] ( t5ants on ! f>ms has approximately d\bl$ 9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 :ile 9 ! great cities ne>ly ! :ole population are t5ants4 ,! cott]s1 ) _! little huts & small hold+s 9 isolat$ places ab\t ! m>g9 ( cultivation1 are also 9 process ( re/oration4 ,! ville9s are an already exi/5t class1 m num]\s proportionately ?an ev] be=e1 ?\gh ! exact /atus ( _! ville9age is yet to be fix$4 ,b mod]n society is *>act]iz$ by complexities unkn[n 9 any ( its pr$ecessors1 & ! specialization ( functions requires a great] numb] ( subord9ate classes4 ,x is a difficult task prop]ly to diff]5tiate !m4 ,!y %ade (f almo/ imp]ceptibly into "o ano!r2 & ! dynamic processes ( mod]n indu/ry (t5 hurl1 9 "o mighty convulsion1 great bodies ( individuals f a high] to a l[] class1 blurr+ or obscur+ ! l9es ( dem>cation4 ,nev]!less1 to take a figure f geology1 ^! convulsions become less & less frequ5t z ! sub/ratum ( indu/rial processes becomes m fix$ & regul>2 ! classes become m /able & %[ m di/9ct diff]5ces1 & !y w t5d1 "u ! new rgime1 to ! =mal in/itution ( grad$ ca/e4 ,at ! bottom are ! wa/rels1 at ! top ! b>ons2 & ! gradation1 :5 ! new rgime %all h become fully develop$1 :ole & p]fect 9 its p>ts1 w be ab\t z foll[s3-- ,i4 ,! b>ons1 grad$ on ! basis ( possessions4 ,,ii4 ,! c\rt ag5ts & reta9]s4 ,,iii4 ,! work]s 9 pure & appli$ sci5ce1 arti/s & physicians4 ,,iv4 ,! entrepr5eurs1 ! manag]s ( ! great indu/ries1 trans=m$ into a sal>i$ class4 ,v4 ,! =em5 & sup]9t5d5ts4 ,?is class has h]et(ore be5 recruit$ l>gely f ! skill$ work]s1 b ) ! gr[? ( te*nical education 9 s*ools & colleges1 & ! developm5t ( fix$ ca/e1 x is likely to become entirely diff]5tiat$4 ,,vi4 ,! ville9s ( ! cities & t[ns1 m or less regul>ly employ$1 :o d skill$ "w & are p>tially protect$ by organization4 ,,vii4 ,! ville9s ( ! cities & t[ns :o d unskill$ "w & are unprotect$ by organization4 ,!y w comprise ! labor]s1 dome/ics1 & cl]ks4 ,,viii4 ,! ville9s ( ! manorial e/ates1 ( ! great f>ms1 ! m9es1 & ! =e/s4 ,,ix4 ,! small-unit f>m]s 7l& own+71 ! petty tradesm51 & manufactur]s4 ,x4 ,! subt5ants on ! manorial e/ates & great f>ms 7correspond+ to ! class ( 8free t5ants0 9 ! old ,feudalism74 ,,xi4 ,! cott]s4 ,,xii4 ,! tramps1 ! occasionally employ$1 ! unemploy$--! wa/rels ( city & c\ntry4 ,! pr9ciple ( gradation is ! only "o t c prop]ly be appli$4 ,x is ! relative degree ( com=t--mat]ial1 moral1 & intellectual--:i* ea* class directly contributes to ! nobility4 ,! wa/rels contribute lea/1 & !y are ! l[e/4 ,! "u-classes :o d ! h>d "w lay ! basis ( all weal?1 b _! contribution to ! b>ons is indirect1 & comes to its f9al goal ?r\gh int]m$iate h&s4 ,! =em5 & sup]9t5d5ts rightly hold a m elevat$ rank1 & ! entrepr5eurs1 :o directly contribute mo/ ( ! purely mat]ial com=t1 w be f\nd well up t[>d ! top4 ,f>!r up 9 ! social scale1 p>tly f /hetic & p>tly f utilit>ian consid]ations1 w be ! sci5ti/s & arti/s4 ,! new ,feudalism1 l mo/ autocracies1 w fo/] n only ! arts1 b also c]ta9 k9ds ( le>n+--p>ticul>ly ! k9ds :i* are unlikely to di/urb ! m9ds ( ! multitude4 ,a future ,m>% or ,cope or ,le ,conte w be lib]ally patroniz$ & left free to discov] :at he w2 & s1 too1 an ,edison or a ,m>coni4 ,only !y mu/ n m$dle ) any?+ relat+ to social sci5ce4 ,= obvi\s reasons1 also1 physicians w occupy a position ( honor & comp>ative fre$om "u ! new rgime4 ,b high] yet is ! rank ( ! c\rt ag5ts & reta9]s4 ,?is class w include ! editors ( 8respectable0 & 8safe0 newspap]s1 ! pa/ors ( 8cons]vative0 & 8weal?y0 *ur*es1 ! pr(essors & tea*]s 9 end[$ colleges & s*ools1 lawy]s g5]ally1 & mo/ judges & politicians4 ,dur+ ! transition p]iod !re w be a gradual elim9ation ( ! m uns]viceable ( ^! p]sons1 ) ! result t 9 ! end ?is class w be l>gely trans=m$4 ,! individual security ( place & livelihood ( its memb]s w !n dep5d on ! h>mony ( _! utt]ances & acts ) ! wi%es ( ! great nobles4 ,!irs1 9 a s5se1 w be ! mo/ important function 9 ! ,/ate--8to ju/ify ! ways ( ,god & ! nobility to man40 ,!y w be ! safegu>ds ( ! realm1 ! assuag]s ( popul> suspicion & discont5t4 ,s long z !y rightly fulfil _! functions1 _! recomp5se w be g5]\s2 b su* ( !m z h n ! tact or fidelity to d or say :at is expect$ ( !m w be promptly =c$ into class ,,xi or ,,xii1 or1 9 extreme cases1 bani%$ f all classes1 to become ! wret*$ p>iahs ( society4 ,at times two divisions ( ?is class w f9d life r a burd5some travail4 ,!y are ! judges & ! politicians4 ,hold+ _! places at once by popul> election & by ! grace ( ! b>ons1 !y w be fat$ to a con/ant see-saw ( conflict+ obligations4 ,!y mu/1 9 "s measure1 satisfy ! dem&s ( ! multitude1 & yet1 on ! o!r h&1 !y mu/ obey ! comm&s f above4 ,,iii ,?r\gh all ! v>i\s activities ( ^! classes 7except ! wa/rels & ! cott]s7 our ,b5evol5t ,feudalism w c>ry on ! ,nation's "w4 ,! full measure ( pr(it is its aim2 & hav+ ! sub/ance ( its desire1 x %[s a utilit>ian scorn ( ! mumm]ies & c]emonials by :i* ! ov]lord%ip ( o!r days 0 =mally ackn[l$g$4 ,! anci5t c]emony ( 8homage10 ! swe>+ ( p]sonal fidelity to ! "l1 is relax$ into ! m]e besee*+ ( ! =eman = "w4 ,directness & efficacy *>act]ize its me?ods4 ,! wage-sy/em1 ) its me*anical simplicity1 cont9u+ 9 =ce1 !re is an abs5ce ( ! old exactions ( special "w4 ,a m]e alt]+ ( ! wage-scale appropriates to ! noble :atev] %>e ( ! product he feels he may safely dem& = himself4 ,?us 8week-"w10 ! ?ree or f\r days' toil 9 ea* week :i* ! ville9 _h to give unrecomp5s$ to ! "l1 & 8boon-"w10 ! sev]al days ( extra toil ?ree or f\r times a ye>1 w nev] be reviv$4 ,ev5 ! company /ore1 ! mod]n =m ( feudal exaction1 w 9 "t be giv5 up1 = at be/ x is b a clumsy & (f5sive make%ift1 & deft] & less irritat+ means are at h& = rea*+ ! same result4 ,!re w h>dly be a re/oration ( 8relief10 ! paym5t ( a ye>'s dues on inh]it+ an allotm5t ( l&1 or ( 8h]iot10 ! paym5t ( a valuable gift f ! possessions ( a deceas$ relative4 ,inde$1 ^! ti!s may n be wor? ! bo!r ( collect+2 = ! ville9's inh]itance w probably be b mod]ate1 z befits 8 /ate & ! place :i* ,god & ! nobility h orda9$ = him4 ,practically all indu/ry w be regulat$ 9 t]ms ( wages1 & ! entrepr5eurs1 :o w !n h become ! *ief sal>i$ (fic]s ( ! nobles1 w calculate to a hair ! ne$ful production = ea* ye>4 ,wa/e & o!r losses w ?us be r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,a va/ s*eme ( exact sy/ematization w h tak5 ! place ( ! old competitive *aos1 & indu/ry w be c>ri$ on z by clock-"w4 ,! work%ops w be conduct$ practically z n[4 ,only !y w be v mu* l>g]1 ! individual & total output w be great]1 ! unit co/ ( production w be less5$4 ,wages & h\rs w = a "t cont9ue on some?+ l ! pres5t level2 b1 despite ! p]si/5ce ( ! unions1 no consid]able ga9s 9 behalf ( labor are to be expect$1 except su* z are freely giv5 z acts ( b>onial grace & b5evol5ce4 ,! own]s ( all indu/ry wor? own+1 ! b>ons w laugh at ?reats ( /rik+ & boycott+4 ,no competitor w be p]mitt$ to make capital out ( ! labor disputes ( ano!r4 ,!re may or may n be competitors4 ,a gigantic m]g] ( all int]e/s1 gov]n$ by a c\ncil ( t51 may supplant ! individual duk$oms & b>onies 9 ! diff]5t indu/ries1 or ^! may cont9ue z n[1 ! sov]eign units ( a f$]at$ :ole4 ,b 9 nei!r case c labor c>ry its po9t aga9/ !m4 ,nev]!less1 dissatisfaction mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/ z a possible m5ace to ! rgime4 ,wages & divid5ds w be nicely balanc$ ) a wat*ful reg>d = ! fo/]+ ( cont5t2 work%ops & villages ( yet m approv$ models ?an any ( ! pres5t w be built1 & a ?\s& ,pelz]s & ,pullmans w arise4 ,old-age p5sions1 or at lea/ ! promise ( !m1 w be ext5d$ to new gr\ps1 & by all possible means ! lesson t protection & security are due only to fai?fulness & ob$i5ce w be made pla9 to ! entire ville9 class4 ,gradually a *ange w take place 9 ! aspirations & conduct ( ! y\ng] g5]ations4 ,h]et(ore !re has be5 at lea/ "s degree ( fre$om ( *oice 9 det]m9+ "o's occupation1 h[ev] mu* t fre$om has be5 curtail$ by actual economic conditions4 ,b ) ! settl+ ( indu/rial processes comes m & m con/ra9t4 ,! dream ( ! *ildr5 ( ! f>ms to escape f _! drudg]y by migrat+ to ! city1 & f ! /epp+-/one ( a cl]kly place at ?ree doll>s a week to rise to afflu5ce1 w be giv5 ov]1 & !y w foll[ ! foot/eps ( _! fa!rs4 ,a l fixity ( condition w be obs]v$ 9 ! cities1 & ! sons ( cl]ks & ( me*anics & ( day labor]s w t5d to accept _! environm5t ( bir? & tra9+ & abide by x4 ,x is a ph5om5on obs]vable 9 all c\ntries :]e ! economic pressure is sev]e1 & x is yet m c]ta9 to obta9 9 feudal ,am]ica4 ,,iv ,! outl9es ( ! pres5t ,/ate loom b feebly ?r\gh ! intricate network ( ! new sy/em4 ,! nobles w h atta9$ to complete p[]1 & ! motive & op]ation ( gov]nm5t w h become simply ! regi/]+ & adm9i/]+ ( _! collective w4 ,& yet ! ,/ate w cont9ue v mu* z n[1 j z ! =m & "n ( ! ,roman ,republic cont9u$ "u ,augu/us4 ,! pres5t ,/ate ma*9]y is admirably adapt$ = ! subtle & extra-legal ex]tion ( p[] by an autocracy2 & :ile improvem5ts to t end might unque/ionably be made1 ! b>ons w hesitate to take action :i* w ne$lessly ar\se popul> suspicions4 ,f petty con/able to ,supreme ,c\rt ,ju/ice ! (ficials w und]/&1 or be made to und]/&1 ! gold5 mean ( _! duties2 & except = an occasional rascally ,jacob91 :om x may = a "t be difficult to suppress1 !y w be fai?ful & obey4 ,! manorial c\rts1 ) p[]s ex]cis$ by ! local lords1 w n1 z a rule1 be re/or$4 ,probably ! 8c\rt b>on10 = det]m9+ t5antry & wage-que/ions1 w be reviv$4 ,x may ev5 come z a natural outgr[? ( ! pres5t conciliation bo>ds1 ) a successor ( ! ,committee ( ,?irty-six ( ! ,national ,civic ,f$]ation z a sort ( g5]al c\rt b>on = ! nation4 ,b ! 8c\rt leet10 ! manorial in/itution = puni%+ misdemeanors1 :]e9 ! b>on holds 8 p[]s by special grant f ! c5tral au?ority ( ! ,/ate1 we %all nev] "k aga94 ,x is f> simpl] & w be less di/urb+ to ! popul> m9d to leave 9 exi/5ce ! pres5t c\rts s long z ! b>on c dictate ! g5]al policy ( ju/ice4 ,arm$ =ce w1 ( c\rse1 be employ$ to ov]awe ! discont5t$ & to quiet unnecess>y turbul5ce4 ,unlike ! arm$ =ces ( ! old ,feudalism1 ! nom9al control w be t ( ! ,/ate2 ! soldi]y w be regul>1 & n irregul>4 ,n aga9 w ! b>ons risk ! g5]al indignation aris+ f ! employm5t ( ,p9k]tons & o!r private armies4 ,! work] has unmi/akably %[n 8 pref]5ce1 :5 he is to be subdu$1 = ! militia & ! ,f$]al army4 ,x is n an unreasonable attitude1 & x is h>dly to be d\bt$ t x w be respect$4 ,! militia ( our ,b5evol5t ,feudalism w be recruit$1 z n[1 mo/ly f ! cl]kly class2 & x w be (fic]$ l>gely by ! sons & nephews ( ! b>ons4 ,b its actions w be temp]$ by a san] policy4 ,gov]n$ by ^? :o h mo/ to fe> f popul> exasp]ation1 x w %[ a f9] re/ra9t4 ,v ,peace w be ! ma9 desid]atum1 & its cultivation w be ! mo/ honor$ sci5ce ( ! age4 ,a happy bl5d+ ( g5]osity & firmness w *>act]ize all deal+s ) op5 discont5t2 b ! prev5tion ( discont5t w be ! prior /udy1 to :i* ! intellect & ! en]gies ( ! nobles & _! legates w be ev] b5t4 ,to t end ! tea*+s ( ! s*ools & colleges1 ! s]mons1 ! editorials1 ! /ump orations1 & ev5 ! plays at ! !atres w be skilfully m\ld$2 & ! que/ion+ he>t ( ! poor1 :i* p]petually seeks "s answ] to ! pa9ful riddle ( ! e>?1 w meet ) a multitude ( mollify+ responses4 ,^! w be3 f ! *ur*es1 t discont5t is ! fruit ( a!ism1 & t religion alone is a solace = e>?ly woe2 f ! colleges1 t discont5t is ignorant & irrational1 s9ce conditions h c]ta9ly bett]$ 9 ! la/ "o hundr$ ye>s2 f ! newspap]s1 t discont5t is an>*y2 & f ! /ump orators t x is unpatriotic1 s9ce ?is nation is ! greate/ & mo/ glori\s t ev] ! sun %one ^u4 ,z ( old1 ^! reasons w = ! "t suffice2 & aga9/ ! possibility ( recurr5t que/ion+s new apologetics w be skilfully =mulat$1 to be put =? z occasion requires4 ,crises w come1 z 9 ! life ( all nations & societies2 b ^! w be happily surm\nt$1 & ! rgime w cont9ue1 ! /rong] = its trial4 ,a crisis ( "s mom5t w foll[ ^u ! l>ge displacem5ts ( labor soon to result f ! %utt+ up ( ne$less factories & ! conc5tration ( production 9 ! l>g] work%ops4 ,discont5t w spread1 & x w be fom5t$1 to "s ext5t1 by agitation4 ,b ! agitation w be gu>d$ 9 expression & action1 & x w be relatively b>r5 ( result4 ,= mo/ ills !re is some:]e a rem$y1 if only x c be discov]$ & made kn[n4 ,! disease ( s$ition is "o ^: e symptom & indication w be kn[n by rote to our social pa?ologi/s ( to-morr[1 & ! possible dang]s ( an epidemic w1 9 all cases1 be provid$ aga9/4 ,9 su* a crisis z t foll[+ ^u ! displacem5t ( labor a ho/ ( economi/s1 prea*]s1 & editors w be ready to %[ indisputably t ! evolution tak+ place is = ! be/ int]e/s ( all2 t x foll[s a 8natural & inevitable law02 t ^? :o h be5 ?r[n out ( "w h only _! own incompet5cy to blame2 t all :o really want "w c get x1 & t any int]f]5ce ) ! prevail+ rgime w be sure to br+ on a panic1 :i* w only make matt]s worse4 ,he>+ ?is1 ! multitude w hesitat+ly acquiesce & !reupon subside2 & ?\gh occasionally a radical j\rnal or a radical agitator w c\nsel revolt1 ! mass w rema9 quiesc5t4 ,gradually1 too1 by "o me?od or ano!r1 sometimes by ! direct action ( ! nobility1 ! great] "p ( ! displac$ work]s w f9d "s means ( gett+ bread1 :ile ^? :o _c w be elim9at$ f ! /ruggle & cease to be a pot5tial factor = tr\ble4 ,crises ( o!r k9ds & f o!r causes w arise1 only to be *eckmat$ & ov]come4 ,:at ! b>ons w mo/ dread w be ! collective ass]tion ( ! ville9s at ! polls2 b ?is1 too1 f exp]i5ce1 !y w "k to be some?+ :i*1 :ile dang]\s1 may yet be ?w>t$4 ,by ! putt+ =w>d ( a hundr$ irrelevant issues !y c hopelessly divide ! vot]s at ea* election2 or1 t fail+1 !re is always to be tru/$ z a la/ resort ! cry ( imp5d+ panic4 ,,vi ,gradually ! v>i\s processes 9 ! social life m]ge1 l ! conflu5ts ( "s mighty ,amazon1 into a def9ite & conf9$ /ream ( t5d5cy4 ,a m p]fect1 a bett] cord9at$ unity develops 9 ! b>onial class1 & ! measure ( its control is height5$ & ext5d$ to a gold5 mean :i* insures supremacy ) peace4 ,! "u-classes settle 9 _! appo9t$ grooves1 & ! pr(essional int]m$i>ies def9itely & op5ly assume _! dual function ( advis]s to ! b>ons & ( int]pret]s to ! p ( ! b>onial w & ways4 ,laws1 cu/oms1 ! arts1--all ! in/itutions & social =ces1--*ange ) ! indu/rial trans=mation1 & atta9 a f9] h>mony ) ! actual facts ( life4 ,all except lit]ature1 be x said1 = ?is has outdi/anc$ its fell[s 9 ! great curr5t & already reflects ! conditions1 ! moods1 & ideals ( ! society ( to-morr[4 ,"h1 at lea/1 ! =ce ( nature c no f>!r g1 & no *ange is to be anticipat$ = ! pres5t4 ,b ! o!r in/itutions & social =ces are gradually trans=m$1 & :5 ! full coalesc5ce ( all ! factors is atta9$1 our ,b5evol5t ,feudalism1 )\t a %ock1 )\t s mu* v>iance z w enable any man to say1 8,x is "h10 passes to its asc5d5cy1 & ! mill5nium ( peace & ord] beg9s4 ,peace & /ability x w ma9ta9 at all haz>ds2 & ! mass1 rememb]+ ! *aos1 ! turmoil1 ! insecurity ( ! pa/1 w bless its reign4 ,peace & /ability w be its argum5ts ( def5ce aga9/ all criticism1 dome/ic or =eign4 ,an obs]vant visitor f "s =eign ,/ate may pick a defect "h & !re2 b ! eloqu5t def5d] ( ! rgime w answ]3 ,look ^u ! tranquillity t ev]y:]e prevails1 & reflect ^u ! inquietude & an>*y ( ! pa/4 ,! di/urbances ( labor h ceas$1 & s$ition1 ?\gh occasionally enc\nt]$1 is easily ?w>t$ & put d[n4 ,! crudities & b>b>ities ( o!r days h giv5 way to ord]$ regul>ities4 ,effici5cy--! faculty ( gett+ ?+s--is at la/ rew>d$ z x %\ld be1 = ! effici5t h inh]it$ ! e>? & its fulness4 ,! l[ly1 8^: happ9ess is great] & ^: welf>e is m ?or\ghly cons]v$ :5 gov]n$ ?an :5 gov]n+10 z a tw5tie?-c5tury philosoph] said ( !m1 are settl$ & happy 9 ! /ate :i* reason & exp]i5ce tea* is _! ,god-appo9t$ lot4 ,!y are com=table1 too2 & if ! patri>*al ideal ( a v9e & fig tree = ea* is n yet atta9$1 at lea/ ea* has 8 r5t$ pat* 9 ! c\ntry or 8 r5t$ cell 9 a city build+4 ,bread & ! circus are freely giv5 to ! des]v+1 & z = ! undes]v+1 !y are m]ely reap+ ! rightful rew>ds ( _! contumacy & pride4 ,ord] reigns1 ea* has 8 ju/ly appo9t$ %>e1 & ! ,/ate re/s 9 security1 8lapt 9 univ]sal law40 ,,index ,a ,abbott1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,lyman1 quot$1 #aej4 ,absolutism1 ( heads ( comb9ations1 #bd2 8enlight5$10 #fj4 ,ab/95ce1 seigniorial1 #dd4 ,accid5ts1 to railroad work]s1 #fe1 #ajj-aja2 to workm5 g5]ally1 #id2 laws reg>d+1 #ic-if4 ,adams1 ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,c41 #di2 quot$1 #ej4 ,addams1 ,jane1 #gi4 ,agriculture1 #i1 #ai1 #ba1 #dg-eg1 #ahd4 ,alg]1 ,george ,w41 quot$1 #hi1 #aaj4 ,ana*>sis ! ,scy?ian1 quot$1 #ch4 ,an>*i/-,communism1 #d4 8,anticipations10 #a1 #c4 ,arbitration1 legislation 9 behalf (1 #ig-ih1 #aea4 ,ari/otle1 quot$1 #acf4 ,arnold1 ,mat!w1 quot$1 #aeb4 ,a%by-,macfady51 ,ir5e1 #gi2 quot$1 #ha4 ,automobiles1 #cg1 #ch1 #ci4 ,b ,bacon1 ,francis1 quot$1 #aag4 ,ba]1 ,george ,f41 quot$1 #bg1 #ha4 ,baldw91 ,judge ,simeon ,a41 #abg2 quot$1 #abh4 ,b>ons1 see ,magnates4 ,b5efactions1 ( ! magnates1 #i-aj1 #ci1 #de-df1 #ei-ff1 #hj1 #adi1 #aea4 ,b5evol5ce1 ( ! magnates1 #i1 #ci1 #dj1 #de1 #df1 #fj1 #fd1 #afj-afa1 #ahc1 #aia1 #aif4 ,blackli/+1 #hi1 #ahe-ahf4 ,blue1 ,leon>d ,a41 quot$1 #hd-he4 ,brew]1 ,ju/ice ,david ,j41 quot$1 #abj1 #aca-acb4 ,bryan1 ,hon4 ,w4 ,j41 #e4 8,bus9ess10 ma9 cult ( magnates1 #bh2 cultural effect (1 #bh2 hone/y (1 #cj2 sacr$ privileges (1 #ib1 #ih4 ,c ,capital1 indep5d5t1 p]si/5ce (1 #ai1 #bj2 trans=mation (1 #bj4 ,c>negie1 ,&rew1 quot$1 #bh1 #bi1 #cb4 ,c5sus1 bullet9 on indu/rial comb9ations1 #aa2 on agriculture1 #ea2 on wages1 #fh-gi2 on pr9t+ & publi%+1 #ada-adc4 ,*apman1 ,john ,jay1 #hd4 ,*ild labor1 #gf-hb2 abuses (1 #gi-ha4 ,cl>k1 ,pr(essor ,john ,b41 #c1 #f2 quot$1 #acf4 ,coke1 ,sir ,edw>d1 quot$1 #aab4 ,colorado ,fuel & ,iron ,co41 #fj-fa4 ,comb9ations1 indu/rial1 #aa1 #ab2 rec5t gr[? (1 #ac1 #ad2 comm]cial1 m9+1 & transportation1 #ad2 unification (1 #ae2 absolutism ( heads (1 #bd4 ,commissions1 /ate1 #hd-he4 ,competition1 decl9e (1 #e4 ,conspicu\s consumption1 #dj-da4 ,contract-labor law1 violations (1 #ce4 ,c\rt ag5ts1 #ahf1 #ahg-ahh4 ,c\rts1 #hf1 #ic1 #if1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajb-aba4 8,c\rts b>on10 #ih1 #aic4 ,d ,davies1 ,pr(essor ,h5ry1 quot$1 #g4 ,democracy1 p]si/5ce (1 #ahb-ahc4 ,discont5t1 #ff1 #abe-abi1 #aia1 #aid4 ,disraeli1 ,b5jam91 quot$1 #ahb4 ,dodd1 ,s4 ,c4 ,t41 quot$1 #bi1 #cd4 ,drap]1 ,william ,r41 #di1 #ee4 ,dr9k consumption1 #agj-aga4 ,e ,edw>ds1 ,pr(essor ,george ,cl9ton1 quot$1 #gi4 ,em]y1 ,judge ,lucilius ,a41 quot$1 #ajh4 ,employ]s' duties 7legal71 #ij-ia1 #ajd4 ,employ]s' liability1 #bf1 #hc1 #hg1 #ii-ajj1 #ajc-aab4 ,end[m5ts1 see ,b5efactions4 ,engels1 ,fri$ri*1 #b4 ,entrepr5eurs1 #ahg1 #aij4 ,f ,f>m]s1 see ,agriculture4 ,fell[-s]vants1 #ajh-aji4 ,fess5d51 ,/eph5 ,d41 quot$1 #ij1 #ia1 #if1 #ajh-aji4 ,feudalism1 #i1 #aj1 #bf1 #ff1 #gd1 #hh1 #ih1 #aha-aii4 ,fi%]1 ,brooke1 #ada4 ,fl9t1 ,*>les ,r41 #bi2 quot$1 #cj4 ,f[l]1 ,?omas ,p41 #ca4 ,frick1 ,h4 ,c41 #cc4 ,g ,gambl+1 increase (1 #agj1 #aga-agb4 ,george1 ,h5ry1 #e4 ,godk91 ,e4 ,l41 quot$1 #abf-abg1 #acj4 ,g\ld1 ,george1 #cc4 ,h ,hadley1 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,tw9+1 quot$1 #abi1 #aca4 ,hall1 ,dr4 ,/anley1 #g4 ,hanna1 ,hon4 ,m>cus ,a41 #bi4 ,h>riman1 ,e4 ,h41 quot$1 #ce4 ,hewitt1 ,hon4 ,abram ,s41 quot$1 #cb1 #afi4 ,hill1 ,james ,j41 #bh4 ,hillis1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,newell ,dwight1 #aea4 ,hone/y1 9 8bus9ess10 #cj1 #aeh4 ,hunt+ton1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,r41 #aea4 ,i ,immigration1 ( f>m]s into ,canada1 #di-ej4 ,income ,tax1 #afb4 ,indu/rial ,commission1 #ie4 ,indu/ries1 petty1 num]ical gr[? (1 #ah2 limitation (1 #bb2 subord9ation (1 #bc4 ,injunctions1 aga9/ automobili/s1 #ch2 aga9/ workm51 #ajc1 #aah-aba4 ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission1 quot$1 #cd1 #hg1 #aja4 ,irel&1 ,ar*bi%op ,john1 quot$1 #aci4 ,j ,jackson1 ,judge ,john ,j41 #ca2 quot$1 #aah1 #abj4 ,jones1 ,hon4 ,samuel ,m41 #afd4 ,judici>y1 #be1 #hc1 #ib1 #ii1 #ajb-aba4 ,k ,kell]1 ,judge ,b4 ,f41 quot$1 #aah4 ,kelly1 ,edmond1 #b4 ,k]%aw1 ,john ,b4 ,c41 quot$1 #afa4 ,kidd1 ,b5jam91 #b1 #c4 ,kropotk91 ,pet]1 #b1 #d1 #e4 ,l ,labor1 seigniorial praise (1 #cj2 9 factories1 #ff-hb2 ( *ildr51 #gf-hb2 attitude ( lawmak]s t[>d1 #he-hi2 attitude ( judges t[>d1 #ajc et seq42 "u new feudalism1 #ahd-ahf1 #aij1 #aia-aib4 ,lacey1 ,b4 ,r41 #hj4 ,lawmak]s1 #be1 #hc-aja4 ,legislation1 8labor0 & social1 #he-hi1 #aab1 #acj-acc4 ,lit]ature1 pres5t /ate (1 #age-agi4 ,lloyd1 ,h5ry ,d41 #b1 #c2 quot$1 #bh4 ,l[1 ,se?1 #cf2 quot$1 #cg4 ,m ,mac,arthur1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,r4 ,s41 quot$1 #aeb4 ,mc,lennan1 ,judge ,pet] ,b41 #aje4 ,magnates1 #h1 #i1 #af1 #bc1 #bd1 #bf2 self-consci\sness ( !1 #bg2 cult ( 8bus9ess0 ( !1 #bh2 invasion ( lit]ature by !1 #bh-bi2 praise ( labor by !1 #cj2 attitude t[>d trade-unions (1 #cj2 attitude t[>d gov]nm5t ( !1 #cb-ci2 b5efactions ( !1 #i-aj1 #ci1 #de-df1 #ei-ff1 #hj1 #adi1 #aea2 o/5tation ( !1 #ci-dd1 #ahc2 8lib]ality0 to employees ( !1 #ei-ff2 control ( legislation by !1 #hc-hi1 #ii-aja2 influ5ce ^u judici>y ( !1 #aba1 #acc1 #ace2 praise ( !1 #acg2 influ5ce ^u ! press ( !1 #adc-adh2 influ5ce ^u ! pulpit ( !1 #adh-aec2 g5]al influ5ce ^u society ( !1 #aed-agj2 influ5ce ^u lit]ature ( !1 #age-agi2 class consci\sness ( !1 #ahj-aha2 increas$ p[] ( !1 #ahb-ahc1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aia1 #aib-aic1 #aif-aih4 ,magrud]1 ,ju/ice ,b4 ,d41 quot$1 #aad-aae4 ,mallock1 ,w4 ,h41 quot$1 #acd4 ,manufactures1 c5sus (1 #fh-gi4 ,m>x1 ,k>l1 #b2 quot$1 #ajb4 ,matson1 ,cl>5ce ,h41 #di4 ,militia1 "u new feudalism1 #aic4 ,mit*ell1 ,john1 #ca4 ,model work%ops & villages1 #fj-fa4 ,morganization ( indu/ry1 #be1 #age4 ,mosso1 ,pr(essor ,angelo1 quot$1 #abc4 ,munseyization ( lit]ature1 #age4 ,n ,neo-,jeff]sonians1 #e1 #f4 ,newspap]s1 #be1 #aci-adh1 #ahh4 ,o ,o',bri51 ,judge ,d5is1 #aaf4 ,old-age p5sions1 #fa-ff1 #aia4 ,o/5tation1 ( ! magnates1 #ci-dd1 #ahc4 ,p ,pa/ors1 ( *ur*es1 #adh-aec1 #ahh4 ,patton1 ,pr(essor ,francis ,l41 quot$1 #ae4 ,peck1 ,pr(essor ,h>ry ,?ur/on1 quot$1 #abh-abi1 #acd-ace1 #acg4 ,p5sions1 old-age1 #fa-ff1 #aia4 ,pott]1 ,bi%op ,h5ry ,c41 quot$1 #af1 #aea4 ,production1 small-%op1 #ag4 ,r ,railroads1 comb9ations (1 #ad2 resi/ance to law & ju/ice by1 #cd1 #aaa-aab2 commissions = control (1 #ce2 accid5ts ^u1 #fe1 #ajj-aja4 ,relief organizations1 #fa1 #fb1 #ic4 ,retail]s1 small1 decl9e (1 #bb-bc4 ,ri*mond1 ,b5jam9 ,a41 8,! ,new ,feudalism10 #eh4 ,rockefell]1 ,john ,d41 ,jr41 quot$1 #bi4 ,roosevelt1 ,!odore1 quot$1 #abg4 ,ross1 ,edw>d ,a41 #aed2 quot$1 #aef1 #aei4 ,russell1 ,george ,w4 ,e41 quot$1 #da4 ,russell1 ,hon4 ,w4 ,e41 quot$1 #he4 ,s ,sage1 ,russell1 quot$1 #bi1 #afc1 #afe4 ,sanborn1 ,judge ,walt] ,h41 #ajd4 ,savage1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,m9ot ,j41 #aea4 ,s*ool+1 ,j4 ,holt1 #agj4 ,seigniorial m9d1 r5asc5ce (1 #bg2 in/ances (1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #cb1 #cg1 #ci1 #de1 #ahj-aha4 ,%>ehold]s1 increase (1 #ag1 #ah1 #afj-afc2 subord9ation (1 #bc1 #bd1 #afc4 ,%e>man 7,?omas ,g47 & ,r$field 7,amasa ,a471 quot$1 #aaa4 ,s+le-,tax]s1 #e1 #f1 #g4 ,socialism1 #e1 #f1 #g4 ,sociali/s1 #b1 #afd1 #afg4 ,social ,re=m ,club1 pamphlet (1 quot$1 #aah-abj4 ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t1 #hh4 ,/eel comb9ation1 magnitude (1 #ac1 #af1 #ca1 #ff4 ,/imson1 ,f4 ,j41 #hf1 #aab2 quot$1 #acb4 8,success10 #aef-afj4 ,suicide1 increase (1 #agc-agd4 ,sullivan1 ,j4 ,w41 #gi4 ,sumn]1 ,pr(essor ,william ,g41 quot$1 #abb-abc1 #acc1 #ace-acf1 #agd4 ,swayne1 ,judge ,*>les1 #aag4 ,t ,talbot1 ,bi%op ,e!lb]t1 quot$1 #aea4 ,t5antry1 #i1 #ai2 increase (1 #ba1 #ej-ee1 #ahf4 ,?ay]1 ,judge ,amos ,m41 #ajd4 ,tol/oi1 ,ly( ,n41 #b1 #c4 ,tru/s1 see ,comb9ations4 ,v ,value ( doll>1 comp>ative1 #gc-gd4 ,v&]velde1 ,emile1 quot$1 #bb4 ,vebl51 ,?or/e91 quot$1 #dj1 #dc4 ,ville9age1 ! new1 #ei1 #ahd-ahe1 #ahg4 ,w ,wadl91 ,horace ,g41 quot$1 #hg-hh4 ,wage-e>n]s1 #eh1 #ff-hb2 numb] 9 manufactures1 #ga2 *ild1 #gf-hb2 wom51 #gd-gf4 ,wage-scale1 adju/m5t (1 #ff2 comp>isons (1 #ff-gi4 ,wage-sy/em1 cont9uance (1 #ahe1 #aij4 ,wallace1 ,judge ,william ,j41 quot$1 #ajf4 ,w>man1 ,cy1 #di4 ,webb1 ,sidney1 #c4 ,wells1 ,h4 ,g41 #a1 #c4 ,:ittelsey1 ,dr4 ,s>ah ,s41 #ie4 ,will\ghby1 ,william ,f41 #id4 ,wright1 ,colonel ,c>roll ,d41 #ff-fg4 ,wyck(f1 ,pr(essor ,walt] ,a41 #acc2 quot$1 #afh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,footnotes h be5 relabel$ consecutively ?r\gh ! docum5t1 & ! "o footnote n associat$ ) a table has be5 mov$ to ! end ( its *apt]4 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typographical errors 7 correct$4