,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,c9c9nati ,,*icago ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company #ahia ,,copyright1 #ahia1 ,,by ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company4 ,,preface4 ,to ! ,am]ican y\? ! hi/ory ( our c\ntry is m important ?an any o!r bran* ( education4 ,a fair degree ( k respect+ ! progress ( ! ,am]ican p f ! discov]y ( ! ,new ,_w to ! pres5t is almo/ ess5tial to t citiz5%ip into :i* our y\? are soon expect$ to ent]4 ,9 a gov]nm5t ( ! p1 = ! p & by ! p1 a famili> acqua9tance ) ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 ) ! movem5ts ( society 9 peace & w>1 is ! great pr]equisite to ! ex]cise ( ^? rights & duties :i* ! ,am]ican citiz5 mu/ assume if he w\ld hold 8 true place 9 ! ,nation4 ,=tunately1 ! means = /udy+ ! hi/ory ( our c\ntry are abundant & easy4 ,am]ican boys & girls h little cause any long] to compla9 t ! writ]s & tea*]s h put beyond _! rea* ! /ory ( _! native l&4 ,great pa9s h be5 tak51 on ! contr>y1 to ga!r out ( our annals z a p & nation ! mo/ important & romantic p>ts1 & to recite 9 pleas+ /yle1 & ) ! aid ( happy illu/rations1 ! lessons ( ! pa/4 ,! au?or ( ! pres5t volume has tri$ 9 e p>ticul> to put himself 9 ! place ( ! /ud5t4 ,he has endeavor$ to br+ to ! pupils ( our great ,common ,s*ools a brief & easy n>rative ( all ! bett] p>ts ( our c\ntry's hi/ory4 ,x has be5 8 aim to tell ! /ory z a lov] ( 8 native l& %\ld recite = o!rs t :i* is de>e/ & be/ to memory & affection4 ,he has s\ght to br+ ! c>eful results ( hi/orical rese>* into ! s*oolroom )\t any ( ! sup]flu\s rubbi% & scaffold+ ( obtrusive s*ol>%ip & erudition4 ,ano!r aim 9 ! pres5t text-book = our y\? has be5 to consid] ! ev5ts ( our c\ntry's hi/ory some:at f our own po9t ( view--n to despise ! hi/ory ( civilization 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley1 or to seek :olly = examples ( h]oism & greatness 9 ! old] ,/ates ( ! ,union4 ,p]haps no "p ( our c\ntry is m favorably situat$ = tak+ su* a view ( our progress z a nation ?an is t magnific5t region1 con/itut+ z x does ! mo/ f]tile & popul\s portion ( ! cont95t4 ,9 ! pres5t ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! au?or has n hesitat$ to make emphatic ^? p>agraphs :i* relate to ! developm5t & progress ( ?is region4 ,= ! re/ ! au?or has foll[$ ! usual *annel ( n>ration f ! aborig9al times to ! colonization ( our ,atlantic coa/ by ! peoples ( ,we/]n ,europe2 f t ev5t by way ( ! ,old ,?irte5 ,colonies to ,indep5d5ce2 f ,indep5d5ce to reg5]ation by w>2 & f our second bir? to ! pres5t epo* ( greatness & promise4 ,he *]i%es ! hope t 8 "w 9 ! h&s ( ! boys & girls ( our public s*ools may pass into _! memories & he>ts2 t its lessons may ent] into union ) _! lives1 & conduce 9 "s measure to _! developm5t into m5 & wom5 wor?y ( _! age & c\ntry4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,preface #c ,,cont5ts #e ,,introduction #h ,,"p ,i4 ,,primitive ,,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,! ,aborig9es #aa ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,voyage ,,& ,,discov]y4 ,,ii4--,! ,norsem5 9 ,am]ica #ba ,,iii4--,spani% ,discov]ies 9 ,am]ica #bd ,,iv4--,spani% ,discov]ies 9 ,am]ica4--,cont9u$ #bh ,v4--,! ,fr5* 9 ,am]ica #ce ,,vi4--,engli% ,discov]ies & ,settlem5ts #da ,,vii4--,engli% ,discov]ies & ,settlem5ts4--,cont9u$ #dg ,,viii4--,voyages & ,settlem5ts ( ! ,dut* #ec ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,colonial ,,hi/ory4 ,,ix4--,virg9ia4--,! ,fir/ ,*>t] #eg ,x4--,*>t] ,gov]nm5t4--,cont9u$ #fe ,,xi4--,virg9ia4--,! ,royal ,gov]nm5t #gj ,,xii4--,massa*usetts4--,settlem5t & ,union #gf ,,xiii4--,massa*usetts4--,w> & ,wit*craft #hd ,,xiv4--,new ,york4--,settlem5t & ,adm9i/ration ( ,/uyvesant #id ,,xv4--,new ,york "u ! ,engli% #ajj ,,xvi4--,connecticut1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & ,new ,hamp%ire #ajf ,,xvii4--,new ,j]sey & ,p5nsylvania #aae ,,xviii4--,m>yl& & ,nor? ,c>ol9a #abb ,,xix4--,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia #abh ,,xx4--,fr5* & ,indian ,w> #ace ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,revolution ,,& ,,conf$]ation4 ,,xxi4--,causes ( ! ,revolution #adi ,,xxii4--,! ,beg9n+ ( ! ,revolution4--,ev5ts ( #agge #aeg ,,xxiii4--,! ,ev5ts ( #aggf #afc ,,xxiv4--,op]ations ( #aggg #aga ,,xxv4--,ev5ts ( #aggh & #aggi #agh ,,xxvi4--,rev]ses & ,treason4--,ev5ts ( #aghj #ahg ,,xxvii4--,ev5ts ( #agha #aib ,,xxviii4--,conf$]ation & ,union #aii ,,"p ,v4 ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,union4 ,,xxix4--,wa%+ton's ,adm9i/ration #bje ,,xxx4--,adams's ,adm9i/ration #baa ,,xxxi4--,jeff]son's ,adm9i/ration #bad ,,xxxii4--,madison's ,adm9i/ration4--,w> ( #ahab #bba ,,xxxiii4--,w> ( #ahab4--;,ev5ts ( #ahac #bbh ,,xxxiv4--,! ,campaigns ( #ahad #bce ,,xxxv4--,monroe's ,adm9i/ration #bdd ,,xxxvi4--,adams's ,adm9i/ration #bdh ,,xxxvii4--,jackson's ,adm9i/ration #bej ,,xxxviii4--,van ,bur5's ,adm9i/ration #bed ,,xxxix4--,adm9i/rations ( ,h>rison & ,tyl] #beg ,,xl4--,polk's ,adm9i/ration & ! ,mexican ,w> #bfa ,,xli4--,adm9i/rations ( ,taylor & ,fillmore #bfi ,,xlii4--,pi]ce's ,adm9i/ration #bgc ,,xliii4--,bu*anan's ,adm9i/ration #bge ,,"p ,,vi4 ,,! ,,civil ,,w>4 ,,xliv4--,l9coln's ,adm9i/ration & ! ,civil ,w> #bha ,,xlv4--,causes ( ! ,civil ,w> #bhd ,,xlvi4--,ev5ts ( #ahfa #bhh ,,xlvii4--,campaigns ( #ahfb #bic ,,xlviii4--,! ,ev5ts ( #ahfc #cjb ,,xlix4--,! ,clos+ ,conflicts4--,ev5ts ( #ahfd & #ahfe #caj ,,"p ,,vii4 ,,! ,,nation ,,reunit$4 ,l4--,johnson's ,adm9i/ration #cbc ,,li4--,grant's ,adm9i/ration #cbh ,,lii4--,hayes's ,adm9i/ration #ccg ,,liii4--,adm9i/rations ( ,g>field & ,ar?ur #cdd ,,liv4--,clevel&'s ,adm9i/ration #cej ,,lv4--,h>rison's ,adm9i/ration #cfa ,app5dix4--,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates #cga ,index #chg ,,maps ,,& ,,portraits4 ,,color$ ,,maps4 ,,page ,! ,new ,_w1 ) ,r\tes ( ,discov]ies #bd ,! ,colonies at ! "t ( ! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w> #add ,! ,colonies at ! "t ( ! ,revolution #aib ,! ,/ates 9 ,am]ica dur+ ! ,civil ,w> #cjd ,,outl9e ,,maps4 ,,page ,! ,fir/ ,engli% ,settlem5ts #dh ,e>ly ,settlem5ts 9 ,ea/ ,mass4 #gh ,middle ,colonies #aaf ,wa%+ton's ,r\te to ,=t ,le ,buf #aci ,lake ,*ampla9 #adb ,quebec 9 #agei #ade ,vic9ity ( ,bo/on #afj ,new ,york & ,vic9ity #afh ,c5tral ,new ,j]sey #agj ,hudson ,riv] #agd ,philadelphia & ,vic9ity #agf ,! ,c>ol9as #ahf ,we/]n ,battlefields ( ! ,w> ( #ahab #bbc ,op]ations ab\t ,niag>a #bce ,vic9ity ( ,manassas ,junction #bhh ,vic9ity ( ,ri*mond1 #ahfb #bih ,vicksburg & ,vic9ity1 #ahfc #cjc ,%]man's ,atlanta ,campaign #cab ,op]ations 9 ,virg9ia1 #ahfd & #ahfe #cah ,,portraits4 ,,page ,george ,wa%+ton #aj ,*ri/oph] ,columbus #be ,p$ro ,m55dez #cc ,samuel ,*ampla9 #ci ,seba/ian ,cabot #db ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh #dd ,capta9 ,john ,smi? #fj ,pet] ,/uyvesant #if ,william ,p5n #aai ,cecil ,calv]t1 ,"l ,baltimore #abc ,james ,ogle?orpe #aca ,patrick ,h5ry #aeb ,m>quis de ,la ,fayette #agc ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 #agi ,paul ,jones #ahf ,g5]al ,gre5e #aic ,john ,adams #baa ,?omas ,jeff]son #bad ,james ,madison #bba ,james ,monroe #bdd ,h5ry ,clay #bdg ,john ,qu9cy ,adams #bdh ,&rew ,jackson #bej ,daniel ,web/] #bea ,m>t9 ,van ,bur5 #bed ,william ,h5ry ,h>rison #beg ,john ,tyl] #beg ,james ,k4 ,polk #bfa ,john ,*>les ,fremont #bfc ,za*>y ,taylor #bfi ,mill>d ,fillmore #bgj ,frankl9 ,pi]ce #bgc ,james ,bu*anan #bge ,abraham ,l9coln #bha ,george ,b4 ,mc,clellan #bia ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee #bii ,/onewall ,jackson #cjg ,william ,t4 ,%]man #caa ,joseph ,e4 ,john/on #cac ,philip ,h4 ,%]idan #cag ,&rew ,johnson #cbc ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant #cbh ,horace ,greeley #cca ,ru!r=d ,b4 ,hayes #ccg ,oliv] ,p4 ,morton #cdb ,james ,a4 ,g>field #cdd ,*e/] ,a4 ,ar?ur #cdf ,grov] ,clevel& #cej ,?omas ,a4 ,h5dricks #cef ,b5jam9 ,h>rison #cfa ,,introduction4 ,!re are sev]al ,p]iods 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is important = ! /ud5t to und]/& ^! at ! beg9n+4 ,)\t su* an und]/&+ 8 notion ( our c\ntry's hi/ory w be confus$ & 8 /udy r5d]$ difficult4 #b4 ,fir/ ( all1 !re 0 a "t :5 ! ,we/]n cont95t 0 "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,r$ m54 ,! savage races possess$ ! soil1 hunt$ 9 ! =e/s1 roam$ ov] ! prairies4 ,?is is ! ,primitive ,p]iod 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 #c4 ,aft] ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 ! p ( ,europe 7 = a long "t engag$ 9 explor+ ! ,new ,_w & 9 becom+ famili> ) its %ape & "*4 ,= m ?an a hundr$ ye>s1 curiosity 0 ! lead+ passion ) ! adv5tur]s :o came to our %ores4 ,_! disposition 0 to g ev]y:]e & settle n[h]e4 ,^! e>ly times may be call$ ! ,p]iod ( ,voyage & ,discov]y4 #d4 ,next came ! "t ( plant+ colonies4 ,! adv5tur]s1 tir$ ( w&]+ ab\t1 became anxi\s to f\nd new ,/ates 9 ! wild]ness4 ,k+s & que5s turn$ _! att5tion to ! "w ( coloniz+ ! ,new ,_w4 ,?us arose a ?ird p]iod--! ,p]iod ( ,colonial ,hi/ory4 #e4 ,! colonies grew /rong & multipli$4 ,!re 7 ?irte5 little sea%ore republics4 ,! rul]s ( ! "m-c\ntry began a sy/em ( oppression & tyranny4 ,! colonies revolt$1 f\ght side by side1 & won _! fre$om4 ,n satisfi$ ) m]e indep5d5ce1 !y =m$ a ,union de/9$ to become /rong & great4 ,?is is ! ,p]iod ( ,revolution & ,conf$]ation4 #f4 ,!n ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ent]$ ^u its c>e] z a nation4 ,emigrants flock$ to ! ,l& ( ! ,free4 ,new ,/ates 7 =m$ & add$ to ! ,union 9 rapid succession4 ,to protect itself f jeal\s neighbors1 ! nation pu%$ h] b\nd>ies across ! cont95t4 ,?is ,p]iod may be call$ ! ,gr[? ( ! ,union4 #g4 ,b ! nation 0 n truly free4 ,human slav]y exi/$ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,?is in/itution eng5d]$ sectional hatr$ & desires = disunion :i* f9ally develop$ into ! d>k & bloody ,p]iod ( ! ,civil ,w>4 #h4 ,!n ! reunit$ nation laid aside its arms & ent]$ ^u a p]iod ( prosp]ity & mat]ial developm5t :i* has n yet rea*$ its culm9ation & ) :i* ,hi/ory af=ds no p>allel4 #i4 ,we ?us f9d sev5 p]iods 9 ! hi/ory ( our c\ntry3 ,i4 ,,primitive ,,am]ica2 prior to ! com+ ( :ite m54 ,,ii4 ,,voyage ,,& ,,discov]y2 ,a4 ,d4 #ihf-afjg4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,colonies2 ,a4 ,d4 #afjg-agge4 ,,iv4 ,,revolution ,,& ,,conf$]ation2 ,a4 ,d4 #agge-aghi4 ,v4 ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,union2 ,a4 ,d4 #aghi-ahfa4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,civil ,,w>2 ,a4 ,d4 #ahfa-ahfe4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,reunit$ ,,nation2 ,a4 ,d4 #ahfe-ahia4 ,9 ?is ord] ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w be pres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,wa%+ton ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,primitive ,,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,anci5t ,m\nd4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,aborig9es4 ,be=e ! times ( ! ,r$ m51 ,nor? ,am]ica 0 inhabit$ by o!r races1 ( :om we "k b little4 ,( ^! primitive peoples ! ,indians pres]v$ _m traditions4 ,vague /ories ( ! w>s1 migrations1 & cities ( ! nations t prec$$ !m 7 recit$ by ! r$ hunt]s at _! camp-fires1 & 7 repeat$ f g5]ation to g5]ation4 #b4 ,o!r evid5ces1 m tru/wor?y ?an leg5d & /ory1 exi/ ( ! pres5ce ( aborig9al peoples 9 our c\ntry4 ,! traces ( a rude civilization are f\nd 9 almo/ e "p ( ! pres5t ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! relics left beh9d by ! prehi/oric peoples are n ! "w ( ! ,indian races1 b ( peoples :o prec$$ !m 9 ! occupation ( ?is cont95t4 ,t class ( s*ol>s call$ antiqu>ians1 or ar*ologi/s1 h tak5 great pa9s to re/ore = u an outl9e ( ! life & "* ( ! nations :o fir/ dwelt 9 ! great c\ntries betwe5 ! ,atlantic & ! ,pacific4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,m\nd-build]s4 #c4 ,^! primitive peoples are kn[n to u by ! "n ( ,,m\nd-,,build]s4 ,! build+ ( m\nds seems to h be5 "o ( _! *ief =ms ( activity4 ,! travel] ( to-day1 9 pass+ across our c\ntry1 w ev] & anon discov] "o ( ^? primitive works ( a race :i* has left to u no o!r monum5ts4 ,z ! anci5t p ( ,egypt built pyramids ( /one = _! memorials1 s ! unkn[n peoples ( ! ,new ,_w rais$ huge m\nds ( e>? z ! tok5s ( _! pres5ce1 ! evid5ces ( _! "w 9 anci5t ,am]ica4 #d4 ,! m\nds ref]r$ to are f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b are mo/ abundant 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley4 ,"h also !y are ( greate/ ext5t & v>iety4 ,"s ( !m are z mu* z n9ety feet 9 height1 & "o has be5 e/imat$ to conta9 tw5ty million cubic feet ( e>?4 ,x is evid5t t !y 7 =m$ be=e ! pres5t =e/ gr[? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates sprang into exi/5ce4 ,! m\nds are cov]$ ) trees1 "s ( !m sev]al feet 9 diamet]2 & ! surface has ! same appe>ance z t ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 #e4 ,z we h said1 we "k b little ( ! p by :om ! m\nds & e>?works ( primitive ,am]ica 7 con/ruct$4 ,"s ( ! works 9 "q are ( a milit>y "*4 ,"o ( ^!1 call$ ,=t ,hill1 ne> ! m\? ( ! ,little ,miami ,riv]1 has a circumf]5ce ( ne>ly f\r miles4 ,x is c]ta9 t great nations1 frequ5tly at w> ) ea* o!r1 dwelt 9 our c\ntry betwe5 ! ,nor!rn ,lakes & ! ,s\!rn ,gulf2 b :o ^? peoples 7 we h no me?od ( asc]ta9+4 ,_! language has p]i%$ ) ! p :o spoke x4 ,only a few ( ! relics & implem5ts ( ! primitive races rema9 to in=m u ( ! m5 by :om !y 7 made4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/ribution ( ,m\nds4 #f4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! ,mississippi ,valley1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,/ates ( ,ohio & ,indiana1 ! anci5t m\nds may be se5 z !y 7 at ! "t ( ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4 ,"o ( ! greate/ is situat$ 9 ,ill9ois1 opposite ! city ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,x is elliptical 9 =m1 be+ ab\t sev5 hundr$ feet 9 l5g? by five hundr$ feet 9 bread?4 ,x rises to a height ( n9ety feet4 ,ano!r ( mu* int]e/ is at ,grave ,creek1 ne> ,:eel+1 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,a m\nd at ,miamisburg1 ,ohio1 is ne>ly sev5ty feet 9 height4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ ( all is ! conical m\nd at ,m>ietta1 ,ohio4 ,"s ( ! m\nds1 z ^? ( ,wiscons91 are %ap$ l animals4 ,"o ( ! mo/ peculi> & int]e/+ is ! great s]p5t m\nd 9 ,adams ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,! "w has ! %ape ( a s]p5t m ?an a ?\s& feet 9 l5g?1 ! body be+ ab\t ?irty feet broad at ! surface4 ,! m\? ( ! s]p5t is op5$ wide1 & an object resembl+ a great egg lies p>tly )9 ! jaws4 #g4 ,! use ( ! m\nds has n be5 asc]ta9$4 ,"s h suppos$ t !y 7 tombs 9 :i* ! sla9 ( great armies 7 buri$1 b on op5+ !m1 human rema9s are r>ely f\nd4 ,o!rs h believ$ t ! m\nds 7 true memorials1 int5d$ by _! magnitude to impress ! behold] & transmit a memory4 ,/ill o!rs h ?\ght ! elevations 7 int5d$ = wat*-t[]s f :i* ! movem5ts ( ! enemy might be wat*$ & ?w>t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,relics f ! ,m\nds4 #h4 ,:at we "k ( ! prehi/oric races has be5 mo/ly ga9$ f an exam9ation ( _! implem5ts & ut5sils4 ,^! 7 ( ei!r /one or copp]4 ,x appe>s t ! m advanc$ ( ! peoples1 especially ! nations liv+ on ! bord]s ( ! ,great ,lakes1 7 able to manufacture ut5sils ( copp]4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ! weapons & implem5ts 7 made ( fl9t & o!r v>ieties ( /one1 by *ipp+ or poli%+4 ,! range ( tools & implem5ts 0 ext5sive1 includ+ axes1 spe>-heads1 arr[-po9ts1 knives1 *isels1 hamm]s1 rude mill/ones1 & _m v>ieties ( e>!n w>e4 ,besides ^!1 !re 7 articles ( ornam5tation & p]sonal use1 su* z pipes1 bracelets1 e>-r+s1 & beads4 ,! common belief t ! articles "h ref]r$ to 7 ! product ( ,indian workman%ip is held by _m antiqu>ians to be :olly errone\s4 ,^! antiqu>ians ?9k t ! ,indians knew no?+ m ( ! orig9 & production ( su* implem5ts z ! arr[-po9ts1 spe>-heads1 & /one axes ?an we "k ourselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,relics f ! ,m\nds4 #i4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,indiana ! m\nds ( ! anci5t races are pl5tifully di/ribut$4 ,almo/ e c\nty has "s relics ( ?is k9d )9 its bord]s4 ,b ! mo/ int]e/+ rema9s ( ! primitive races are ^? discov]$ 9 ! anci5t cemet]ies scatt]$ betwe5 ,lake ,mi*igan & ! ,t5nessee ,riv]4 ,9 _m places ! aborig9al tombs /ill yield ! relics ( ?is p ( :om we "k s little4 ,9 rec5t ye>s a burial gr\nd ne> ,b$=d1 ,indiana1 has be5 op5$1 f :i* h be5 tak5 primitive skulls & o!r p>ts ( human skeletons1 belong+ possibly to "s unkn[n race long prec$+ ! ,indians 9 our c\ntry4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,indians1 or ,r$ ,m54 #aj4 ,) ! ,m\nd-build]s1 hi/ory c be b little conc]n$2 b ) ! ,r$ m51 or ,indians1 :o succe$$ !m1 ! :ite race 0 de/9$ to h _m relations ( peace & w>4 ,on ! fir/ arrival ( ,europeans on ! ,atlantic coa/1 ! c\ntry 0 f\nd 9 possession ( wild tribes liv+ 9 ! woods & on ! riv] banks1 9 rude villages f :i* !y w5t =? to hunt or to make w> on o!r tribes4 ,_! mann]s & cu/oms 7 fix$ by usage & law1 & !re 0 at lea/ ! beg9n+ ( civil gov]nm5t among !m4 #aa4 ,to ^! tribes ! "n ,,indian 0 giv5 f _! suppos$ id5tity ) ! p ( ,india4 ,columbus & 8 foll[]s believ$ t !y _h rea*$ ! isl&s ( ! f> ,ea/1 & t ! natives 7 ( ! same race z ! inhabitants ( ! ,indies4 ,! mi/ake ( ! ,spani>ds 0 soon discov]$2 b ! "n ,indian has ev] s9ce rema9$ to designate ! native tribes ( ! ,we/]n cont95t4 #ab4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,indians is involv$ 9 obscurity4 ,at :at date or by :at r\te !y came to ! ,new ,_w is unkn[n4 ,! notion t ! ,r$ m5 are ! desc5dants ( ! ,israelites is absurd4 ,t ,europeans or ,africans1 at "s e>ly p]iod1 cross$ ! ,atlantic by sail+ f isl& to isl&1 seems improbable4 ,t ! p ( ,kam*atka came by way ( ,b]+ ,/rait into ! nor?we/]n p>ts ( ,am]ica1 has little evid5ce to support x4 ,p]haps a m ?or\gh k ( ! ,indian languages may yet ?r[ "s light on ! orig9 ( ! race4 #ac4 ,! ,indians belong to ! ,b[-&-,arr[ family ( m54 ,to ! ,r$ man ! *ase 0 ev]y?+4 ,)\t ! *ase he langui%$ & di$4 ,to smite ! de] & ! be> 0 8 *ief delight & pr(it4 ,su* a race c\ld live only 9 a c\ntry ( woods & wild animals4 #ad4 ,! nor!rn p>ts ( ,am]ica 7 inhabit$ by ! ,,esquimos4 ,! "n means ! eat]s ( raw meat4 ,!y liv$ 9 sn[ huts or hovels4 ,_! mann] ( life 0 t ( fi%]m5 & hunt]s4 ,!y clad !mselves 9 w9t] ) ! sk9s ( seals1 & 9 summ] ) ^? ( re9de]4 ,sid5ote3 ,indian ,tribes4 #ae4 ,! great] portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ea/ ( ! ,mississippi 0 peopl$ by ! family ( ! ,,algonqu9s4 ,!y 7 divid$ into _m tribes1 ea* hav+ its local "n & tradition4 ,agriculture 0 b little practic$ by !m4 ,!y roam$ ab\t f "o hunt+-gr\nd & riv] to ano!r4 ,:5 ! ,:ite m5 came1 ! ,algonqu9 nations 7 already decl9+ 9 numb]s & influ5ce4 ,only a few ?\s&s n[ rema94 #af4 ,ar\nd ! %ores ( ,lakes ,erie & ,ont>io liv$ ! ,,huron-,,iroquois4 ,at ! "t ( _! greate/ p[]1 !y embrac$ no few] ?an n9e nations4 ,! w>riors ( ?is conf$]acy pres5t$ ! ,indian "* 9 its be/ aspect4 ,!y 7 brave1 patriotic1 & eloqu5t2 fai?ful z fri5ds1 b t]rible z enemies4 #ag4 ,s\? ( ! ,algonqu9s 7 ! ,,*]okees & ! ,,mobilian ,,nations4 ,! =m] 7 highly civiliz$ = a primitive p4 ,! pr9cipal tribes ( ! ,mobilians 7 ! ,yamassees & ,creeks ( ,georgia1 ! ,sem9oles ( ,florida1 & ! ,*octaws & ,*ickasaws ( ,mississippi4 ,^! display$ ! usual disposition & habits ( ! ,r$ m54 #ah4 ,we/ ( ! ,mississippi 0 ! family ( ! ,,dakotas4 ,s\? ( ^!1 9 a di/rict ne>ly correspond+ ) ! ,/ate ( ,texas1 liv$ ! wild ,,coman*es4 ,beyond ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s 7 ! ,indian nations ( ! ,pla9s2 ! great families ( ! ,,%o%ones1 ! ,,seli%1 ! ,,klama?s1 & ! ,,cali=nians4 ,on ! ,pacific slope1 f>!r s\?w>d1 dwelt 9 =m] times ! civiliz$ b feeble race ( ,,aztecs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,indian ,,life #ai4 ,! ,r$ m5 _h a great passion = w>4 ,_! w>s 7 und]tak5 = rev5ge r ?an conque/4 ,to =give an injury 0 consid]$ a %ame4 ,rev5ge 0 ! noble/ ( ! virtues4 ,! op5 battle ( ! field 0 unkn[n 9 ,indian w>f>e4 ,fight+ 0 limit$ to ! ambuscade & ! massacre4 ,qu>t] 0 r>ely ask$1 & nev] grant$4 #bj4 ,9 times ( peace ! ,indian "* appe>$ to a bett] advantage4 ,b ! ,r$ man 0 always unsocial & solit>y4 ,he sat by himself 9 ! woods4 ,! =e/ 0 bett] ?an a wigwam1 & a wigwam bett] ?an a village4 ,! ,indian woman 0 a degrad$ creature--a m]e drudge & bea/ ( burd54 ,sid5ote3 ,indian ,*>act]i/ics4 #ba4 ,9 ! matt] ( ! arts ! ,indian 0 a b>b>ian4 ,8 h\se 0 a hovel1 built ( poles set up 9 a circle1 & cov]$ ) sk9s & ! bran*es ( trees4 ,h\sehold ut5sils 7 few & rude4 ,e>!n pots1 bags1 & p\*es = c>ry+ provisions1 & /one hamm]s = p\nd+ corn1 7 ! /ock & /ore4 ,8 weapons ( (f5se & def5se 7 ! hat*et & ! b[ & arr[4 ,9 times ( w> ! ,r$ man pa9t$ 8 face & body ) all mann] ( gl>+ colors4 ,! f9e arts 7 want+4 ,indian writ+ consi/$ ( half-intelligible hi]oglyphics scrat*$ on ! face ( rocks or cut 9 ! b>k ( trees4 #bb4 ,! ,indian languages be> little resemblance to ^? ( o!r races4 ,! ,r$ man's vocabul>y 0 v limit$4 ,! pr9cipal objects ( nature _h special names1 b ab/ract ideas c\ld h>dly be express$4 ,indian words _h a v int5se mean+4 ,!re 01 = in/ance1 no ^w signify+ to hunt or to fi%2 b "o ^w signifi$ to-kill-a-de]-)-an-arr[2 ano!r1 to-take-fi%-by-/rik+-!-ice4 ,among "s ( ! tribes1 ! mean+ ( words 0 s re/rict$ t ! w>rior w\ld use "o t]m & ! squaw ano!r to express ! same idea4 #bc4 ,! ,indians 7 g5]ally s]i\s 9 mann]s & behavior4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 !y gave !mselves up to m]ry-mak+ & hil>ity4 ,! dance 0 univ]sal--n ! social dance ( civiliz$ nations1 b ! solemn dance ( religion & ( w>4 ,gam+ 0 mu* practic$ among all ! tribes4 ,o!r amusem5ts 7 common1 su* z runn+1 wre/l+1 %oot+ at a m>k1 & rac+ 9 canoes4 #bd4 ,9 p]sonal appe>ance ! ,indians 7 /rongly m>k$4 ,9 /ature !y 7 bel[ ! av]age ( ,europeans4 ,! ,esquimos are r>ely five feet high4 ,! ,algonqu9s are tall] & light] 9 build2 /raight & agile2 lean & swift ( foot4 ,! eyes are jet-black & sunk52 hair black & /raight2 sk9 copp]-color$ or br[n2 h&s & feet small2 body li!1 b n /rong2 expression s9i/]1 or sometimes dignifi$ & noble4 #be4 ,! be/ hopes ( ! ,indian race seem n[ to c5t] 9 ! ,*octaws1 ,*]okees1 ,creeks1 & ,*ickasaws ( ! ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,^! nations h atta9$ a consid]able degree ( civilization4 ,mo/ ( ! o!r tribes are decl9+ 9 numb]s & influ5ce4 ,:e!r ! ,indians h be5 ju/ly depriv$ ( ! ,new ,_w w rema9 a subject ( debate4 ,t !y h be5 depriv$ ( x c n be que/ion$4 ,! :ite races h tak5 possession ( ! va/ doma94 ,to ! prairies & =e/s1 ! hunt+-gr\nds ( 8 fa!rs1 ! ,r$ man says f>ewell4 ,illu/ration ,,review ,,que/ions4--,,"p ,i4 #a4 ,:at is meant by ! ,aborig9es8 #b4 ,:at evid5ces indicate an e>li] race ?an ! ,indians8 #c4 ,:at is kn[n ( ! ,m\nd-build]s8 #d4 ,:at are ! mo/ notable m\nds8 #e4 ,:]e are !y locat$8 #f4 ,describe ! %apes ( ! m\nds4 #g4 ,= :at suppos$ purposes 7 !y built8 #h4 ,:at are sometimes f\nd 9 ! m\nds8 #i4 ,:y 7 ! native races ( ,am]ica call$ ,indians8 #aj4 ,:at is said ( ! orig9 ( ^! races8 #aa4 ,to :at family ( m5 d ! ,indians belong8 #ab4 ,"n ! pr9cipal ,indian nations 9 ,am]ica4 #ac4 ,:at regions did ! ,algonqu9s inhabit8 #ad4 ,:]e did ! ,huron-,iroquois live8 #ae4 ,:at 7 ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is nation8 #af4 ,:]e did ! ,*]okees & ,mobilian nations live8 #ag4 ,:at 7 ! pr9cipal tribes ( ! ,mobilians8 #ah4 ,:at regions did ! ,dakotas inhabit8 #ai4 ,give ! names ( o!r ,indian nations4 #bj4 ,:at regions did !y inhabit8 #ba4 ,:at 7 ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! ,indians8 #bb4 ,:at c y tell ( ! ,indian languages8 #bc4 ,describe ! p]sonal appe>ance ( ! ,indians4 #bd4 ,:at tribes ( ,indians are n[ ! mo/ civiliz$8 #be4 ,give "s acc\nt ( ! ,esquimos4 #bf4 ,:at does ! "n ,esquimo mean8 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,voyage ,,& ,,discov]y4 ,a4 ,d4 #ihf-afjg4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,norsem5 ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,! we/]n cont95t 0 fir/ se5 by :ite m5 9 ,a4 ,d4 #ihf4 ,a ,norse navigator by ! "n ( ,,h]julfson1 sail+ f ,icel& to ,gre5l&1 0 caught 9 a /orm & driv5 we/w>d to ,newf\ndl& or ,labrador4 ,two or ?ree times ! %ores 7 se51 b no l&+ 0 attempt$4 ,! coa/ 0 s diff]5t f ! well-kn[n cliffs ( ,gre5l& z to make x c]ta9 t ano!r %ore1 hi!rto unkn[n1 0 9 sight4 ,on rea*+ ,gre5l&1 ,h]julfson & 8 companions told wond]ful /ories ( ! new l& se5 9 ! we/4 ,sid5ote3 ,leif1 ,son ( ,eric4 #b4 ,f\rte5 ye>s lat]1 ! actual discov]y ( ,am]ica 0 made by ,,leif1 a son ( ,eric4 ,resolv+ to "k ! tru? ab\t ! c\ntry :i* ,h]julfson _h se51 he sail$ we/w>d f ,gre5l&1 & 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> #ajja rea*$ ,labrador4 ,l&+ ) 8 companions1 he made explorations = a consid]able di/ance along ! coa/4 ,! c\ntry 0 mild] & m attractive ?an 8 own1 & he 0 9 no ha/e to return4 ,s\?w>d he w5t z f> z ,massa*usetts1 :]e ! company rema9$ = m ?an a ye>4 ,rhode ,isl& 0 also visit$2 & x is alleg$ t ! adv5tur]s f\nd _! way into ,new ,york h>bor4 ,illu/ration3 ,norsem5 9 ,am]ica4 #c4 ,9 ! ye>s t foll[$ ,leif's discov]y1 o!r b&s ( ,norsem5 came to ! %ores ( ,am]ica4 ,,?orwald1 ,leif's bro!r1 made a voyage to ,ma9e & ,massa*usetts 9 #ajjb1 & is said to h di$ at ,fall ,riv] 9 ! latt] ,/ate4 ,!n ano!r bro!r1 ,,?or/e9 by "n1 arriv$ ) a b& ( foll[]s 9 #ajje2 & 9 ! ye> #ajjg1 ,,?orf9n ,,k>lsefne1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m>9] ( 8 day1 came ) a crew ( a hundr$ & fifty m51 & made explorations along ! coa/ ( ,massa*usetts1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & p]haps z f> s\? z ! capes ( ,virg9ia4 ,sid5ote3 ,v9l&4 #d4 ,o!r companies ( ,icel&]s & ,norwegians visit$ ! c\ntries f>!r nor?1 & plant$ colonies 9 ,newf\ndl& & ,nova ,scotia4 ,little1 h[ev]1 0 kn[n or imag9$ by ^! rude sailors ( ! ext5t ( ! c\ntry :i* !y _h discov]$4 ,!y suppos$ t x 0 only a portion ( ,we/]n ,gre5l&1 :i*1 b5d+ to ! nor? ar\nd an arm ( ! ocean1 _h reappe>$ 9 ! we/4 ,_! settlem5ts 7 feeble & 7 soon brok5 up4 ,comm]ce 0 an impossibility 9 a c\ntry :]e !re 7 only a few wret*$ savages ) no disposition to buy & no?+ at all to sell4 ,! _s ( adv5ture 0 soon appeas$1 & ! re/less ,norsem5 return$ to _! own c\ntry4 ,to ?is undef9$ l9e ( coa/1 n[ vaguely kn[n to !m1 ! ,norse sailors gave ! "n ( ,,v9l&4 #e4 ,dur+ ! twelf?1 ?irte5?1 & f\rte5? c5turies occasional voyages 7 made2 & z late z ,a4 ,d4 #acdg1 a ,norwegian %ip visit$ ,labrador & ! nor!a/]n p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 #acej ,gre5l& & ,v9l& 7 depopulat$ by a great plague :i* _h spread ?i!r f ,norway4 ,f t "t =? communication ) ! ,new ,_w ceas$1 & ! hi/ory ( ! ,nor?m5 9 ,am]ica 0 at an end4 ,! ,norse rema9s1 :i* h be5 f\nd at ,newport1 at ,fall ,riv]1 & sev]al o!r places1 po9t cle>ly to ! ev5ts "h n>rat$2 & ! ,icel&ic hi/orians give a consi/5t acc\nt ( ^! e>ly exploits ( _! c\ntrym54 ,:5 ! ^w ,am]ica is m5tion$ 9 ! he>+ ( ! s*oolboys ( ,icel&1 !y w at once answ]1 ) en?usiasm1 ,oh1 yes2 ,leif ,ericsson discov]$ t c\ntry 9 ! ye> #ajja4 #f4 ,an ev5t is to be weigh$ by its consequ5ces4 ,f ! discov]y ( ,am]ica by ! ,norsem51 no?+ :atev] result$4 ,! _w 0 nei!r wis] nor bett]4 ,among ! ,icel&]s !mselves ! place & ! v "n ( ,v9l& 7 =gott54 ,europe nev] he>d ( su* a c\ntry or su* a discov]y4 ,hi/orians h until late ye>s be5 incr$ul\s on ! subject1 & ! fact is z ?\gh x _h nev] be54 ,! curta9 :i* _h be5 lift$ = a mom5t 0 /ret*$ aga9 f sky to sea1 & ! ,new ,_w /ill lay hidd5 9 ! %ad[s4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,spani% ,,discov]ies ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus4 ,x 0 res]v$ = ! p ( a sunni] clime ?an ,icel& fir/ to make kn[n to ! ,european nations ! exi/5ce ( a ,we/]n cont95t4 ,spa9 0 ! happy c\ntry "u ^: patronage a new _w 0 to be add$ to ! old2 b ! man :o 0 de/9$ to make ! revelation 0 n himself a ,spani>d3 he 0 to come f ,italy1 ! l& ( valor & ! home ( greatness4 ,,*ri/oph] ,,columbus 0 ! "n ( t man :om aft] ages h rew>d$ ) imp]i%able fame4 #b4 ,! idea t ! _w is r\nd 0 n orig9al ) ,columbus4 ,! ,engli% travel]1 ,sir ,john ,m&eville1 _h decl>$ 9 ! fir/ ,engli% book ev] writt5 7,a4 ,d4 #acef7 t ! _w is a sph]e1 & t x 0 practicable = a man to sail ar\nd ! _w & return to ! place ( />t+4 ,b ,columbus 0 ! fir/ practical believ] 9 ! !ory ( circumnavigation4 #c4 ,! great mi/ake ) ,columbus 0 n conc]n+ ! figure ( ! e>?1 b 9 reg>d to its size4 ,he believ$ ! _w to be no m ?an t5 ?\s& or twelve ?\s& miles 9 circumf]5ce4 ,he !re=e confid5tly expect$ t1 aft] sail+ ab\t ?ree ?\s& miles to ! we/w>d1 he %\ld arrive at ! ,ea/ ,indies4 #d4 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus 0 born at ,g5oa1 ,italy1 9 ,a4 ,d4 #adce4 ,he 0 c>efully educat$1 & !n devot$ himself to ! sea4 ,= tw5ty ye>s he trav]s$ ! p>ts ( ! ,atlantic adjac5t to ,europe2 he visit$ ,icel&2 !n w5t to ,portugal1 & f9ally to ,spa94 ,he sp5t t5 ye>s 9 try+ to expla9 to dull mon>*s ! figure ( ! e>? & ! ease ) :i* ! ri* isl&s ( ! ,ea/ might be rea*$ by sail+ we/w>d4 ,he f\nd "o appreciative li/5]1 ! noble & sympa!tic ,isabella1 ,que5 ( ,ca/ile4 ,to ! fai?1 insight1 & decision ( a woman ! f9al success ( ,columbus mu/ be attribut$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,new ,,_w4 ) r\tes ,,( ,,discov]]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ips ,,( ,,columbus ,sid5ote3 ,discov]y ( ,am]ica4 #e4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #c;d day ( ,augu/1 #adib1 ,columbus1 ) ?ree %ips1 left ! h>bor ( ,palos4 ,aft] sev5ty-"o days ( sail+1 9 ! e>ly dawn ( ,octob] #ab1 ,rodrigo ,triana1 a sailor on ! ,p9ta1 set up a %\t ( ,l&6 ,a gun 0 fir$ z ! signal4 ,! %ips lay to4 ,j at sunrise ,columbus /epp$ a%ore1 set up ! bann] ( ,ca/ile 9 ! pres5ce ( ! natives1 & nam$ ! isl& ,san ,salvador4 ,dur+ ! ?ree rema9+ mon?s ( ?is fir/ voyage1 ! isl&s ( ,concepcion1 ,cuba1 & ,san ,dom+o 7 add$ to ! li/ ( discov]ies2 & 9 ! la/-nam$ isl& 0 erect$ a =t1 ! fir/ /ructure built by ,europeans 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #adic1 ,columbus sail$ = ,spa91 :]e he arriv$ 9 ,m>*1 & 0 greet$ ) rejoic+s & applause4 #f4 ,9 ! foll[+ autumn1 ,columbus sail$ on 8 second voyage1 :i* result$ 9 ! discov]y ( ! ,w9dw>d gr\p & ! isl&s ( ,jamaica & ,porto ,rico4 ,x 0 at ?is "t1 & 9 ,san ,dom+o1 t ! fir/ colony 0 e/abli%$4 ,columbus's bro!r 0 appo9t$ gov]nor4 ,aft] an abs5ce ( ne>ly ?ree ye>s1 ,columbus return$ to ,spa94 ,! re/ ( 8 life 0 cl\d$ ) p]secutions & mis=tunes4 #g4 ,9 #adih1 dur+ a ?ird voyage1 ,columbus discov]$ ! isl& ( ,tr9idad & ! ma9l& ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,!nce he sail$ back to ,san ,dom+o1 :]e he f\nd 8 colony disorganiz$2 & "h1 :ile attempt+ to re/ore ord]1 he 0 seiz$ by an ag5t ( ! ,spani% gov]nm5t1 put 9 *a9s1 & c>ri$ to ,spa94 ,aft] mu* disgraceful treatm5t1 he 0 s5t out on a f\r? & la/ voyage1 9 se>* ( ! ,indies2 b ! exp$ition accompli%$ little1 & ,columbus return$ to 8 ungrateful c\ntry4 ,! good ,isabella 0 dead1 & ! great discov]]1 a fri5dless & neglect$ old man1 sank into ! grave4 #h4 ,columbus 0 ev5 robb$ ( ! "n ( ! new cont95t4 ,9 ! ye> #adii1 ,,am]igo ,,vespucci1 a ,flor5t9e navigator1 rea*$ ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,two ye>s lat] he made a second voyage1 & !n gave to ,europe ! fir/ publi%$ acc\nt ( ! ,we/]n ,_w4 ,9 8 n>rative all ref]5ce to ,columbus 0 omitt$2 & ?us ! "n ( ,vespucci1 r ?an t ( ! true discov]]1 0 giv5 to ! ,new ,_w4 ,sid5ote3 ,discov]y ( ! ,pacific4 #i4 ,! discov]y ( ,am]ica produc$ great excitem5t 9 ,europe4 ,)9 t5 ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,columbus1 ! pr9cipal isl&s ( ! ,we/ ,indies 7 explor$ & coloniz$4 ,9 ! ye> #aeaj ! ,spani>ds plant$ on ! ,i/hmus ( ,d>i5 _! fir/ cont95tal colony4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 ,,de ,,balboa1 ! gov]nor ( ! colony1 cross$ ! i/hmus1 & f an em95ce look$ d[n ^u ! ,pacific4 ,n satisfi$ ) m]ely see+ ! great wat]1 he wad$ 9 a %ort di/ance1 &1 draw+ 8 sword1 took possession ( ! ocean 9 ! "n ( ! k+ ( ,spa94 ,sid5ote3 ,florida4 #aj4 ,mean:ile1 ,,ponce ,,de ,,leon1 :o _h be5 a companion ( ,columbus1 fitt$ out an exp$ition ( discov]y4 ,he _h gr[n ri* z gov]nor ( ,porto ,rico1 & _h also gr[n old4 ,b !re 0 a ,f\nta9 ( ,p]petual ,y\? some:]e 9 ! ,bahamas--s said a tradition 9 ,spa9--& 9 t f\nta9 ! old soldi] w\ld ba! & be "y aga94 ,s 9 ! ye> #aeab he set sail f ,porto ,rico2 & on ,ea/] ,sunday came 9 sight ( an unkn[n %ore4 ,!re 7 wav+ =e/s1 gre5 leaves1 & birds ( song4 ,9 honor ( ! day1 call$ ,pascua ,florida1 he nam$ ! new %ore ,,florida--! ,l& ( ,fl[]s4 #aa4 ,a l&+ 0 made ne> :]e ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 aft]w>ds f\nd$4 ,! c\ntry 0 claim$ = ! k+ ( ,spa91 & ! se>* 0 cont9u$ = ! ,f\nta9 ( ,y\?4 ,! adv5tur] turn$ s\?w>d1 discov]$ ! ,tortugas1 & !n sail$ back to ,porto ,rico1 no y\ng] ?an :5 he />t$4 #ab4 ,! k+ ( ,spa9 gave ,ponce ! gov]nor%ip ( 8 ,l& ( ,fl[]s1 & s5t him ?i!r to e/abli% a colony4 ,he rea*$ 8 prov9ce 9 ! ye> #aeba1 & f\nd ! ,indians ho/ile4 ,sc>cely _h he l&$ :5 !y fell ^u him 9 battle2 _m ( ! ,spani>ds 7 kill$1 & ! re/ _h to fly to ! %ips = safety4 ,ponce de ,leon himself 0 w\nd$1 & c>ri$ back to ,cuba to die4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,spani% ,,discov]ies ,,9 ,,am]ica4--7,,cont9u$47 ,! ye> #aeag 0 m>k$ by ! discov]y ( ,yucatan by ,,f]n&ez ,,de ,,cordova4 ,:ile explor+ ! nor!rn coa/ ( ! c\ntry1 he 0 attack$ by ! natives1 & mortally w\nd$4 ,dur+ ! next ye> ! coa/ ( ,mexico 0 explor$ = a great di/ance by ,,grijalva1 assi/$ by ,cordova's pilot4 ,9 ! ye> #aeai ,,f]n&o ,,cortez l&$ ) 8 fleet at ,tabasco1 &1 9 two ye>s1 conqu]$ ! ,aztec empire ( ,mexico4 ,sid5ote3 ,circumnavigation ( ! ,globe4 #b4 ,among ! d>+ ent]prises at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 t ( ,,f]d9& ,,magellan4 ,a ,portuguese by bir?1 ?is bold man det]m9$ to discov] a s\?we/ passage to ,asia4 ,he appeal$ to ! k+ ( ,portugal = %ips & m52 b ! mon>* gave no enc\ragem5t4 ,magellan !n w5t to ,spa91 & laid 8 plans be=e ,*>les ,v41 :o ord]$ a fleet ( five %ips to be fitt$ out at ! public exp5se4 #c4 ,! voyage 0 begun f ,seville 9 ,augu/ ( #aeai4 ,magellan soon rea*$ ! %ores ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & pass$ ! w9t] on ! coa/ ( ,brazil4 ,r5ew+ 8 voyage s\?w>d1 he came to t /rait :i* /ill be>s 8 "n1 & pass+ ?r\gh1 f\nd himself 9 ! op5 & b\ndless ocean :i* he call$ ! ,,pacific4 #d4 ,magellan held on 8 c\rse = ne>ly f\r mon?s1 suff]+ mu* = wat] & provisions4 ,9 ,m>* ( #aebj he came to ! isl&s call$ ! ,ladrones4 ,aft]w>ds he rea*$ ! ,philipp9e gr\p1 :]e he 0 kill$ 9 battle ) ! natives4 ,b a new capta9 0 *os51 & ! voyage 0 cont9u$ to ! ,moluccas4 ,only a s+le %ip rema9$2 b 9 ?is vessel ! crews emb>k$1 &1 return+ by way ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 arriv$ 9 ,spa9 9 ,septemb]1 #aebb4 ,! fir/ circumnavigation ( ! globe _h be5 accompli%$4 #e4 ,! next important voyage to ,am]ica 0 9 ! ye> #aebj4 ,,de ,,ayllon1 a judge 9 ,/4 ,dom+o1 & six o!r weal?y m51 det]m9$ to /ock _! plantations ) slaves1 by kidnapp+ natives f ! ,bahamas4 ,two vessels rea*$ ! coa/ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! "n ( ,*icora 0 giv5 to ! c\ntry1 & ! ,riv] ,combahee 0 call$ ! ,jordan4 ,! natives made pres5ts to ! /rang]s & treat$ !m ) great cordiality4 ,!y flock$ on bo>d ! %ips2 & :5 ! decks 7 cr[d$ ,de ,ayllon weigh$ an*or & sail$ away4 ,a few days aft]w>ds a /orm wreck$ "o ( ! %ips2 :ile mo/ ( ! poor wret*es :o 7 9 ! o!r %ip di$ ( suffocation4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp$ition ( ,de ,n>vaez4 #f4 ,9 #aebf ,*>les ,v4 appo9t$ ,,de ,,n>vaez gov]nor ( ,florida4 ,8 t]ritory ext5d$ f ,cape ,sable ?ree fif?s ( ! way ar\nd ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,de ,n>vaez arriv$ at ,tampa ,bay ) two hundr$ & sixty soldi]s & =ty horsem54 ,! natives treat$ !m ) suspicion1 & hold+ up _! gold tr9kets1 po9t$ to ! nor?4 ,! ,spani>ds1 ^: imag9ations 7 fir$ ) ! sight ( ! preci\s metal1 /ruck into ! =e/s1 expect+ to f9d cities & empires1 & f\nd in/ead swamps & savages4 ,!y f9ally came to ,appala*ee1 a squalid village ( =ty cab9s4 #g4 ,oppress$ ) fatigue & hung]1 !y w&]$ on1 until !y rea*$ ! h>bor ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,"h !y con/ruct$ "s brigant9es1 & put to sea 9 hope ( rea*+ ,mexico4 ,aft] %ipwrecks & almo/ endless w&]+s1 f\r m5 only ( all ! company1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ! h]oic ,de ,vaca1 rea*$ ! village ( ,san ,miguel1 on ! ,pacific coa/1 & 7 conduct$ to ! city ( ,mexico4 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,soto's ,exp$ition4 #h4 ,9 ! ye> #aecg ,,f]d9& ,,de ,,soto 0 appo9t$ gov]nor ( ,cuba & ,florida1 ) ! privilege ( explor+ & conqu]+ ! latt] c\ntry4 ,he select$ six hundr$ ( ! mo/ gallant & d>+ "y ,spani>ds1 & great prep>ations 7 made = ! conque/4 ,arms & /ores 7 provid$2 %ackles 7 wr\ght = ! slaves2 tools = ! =ge & work%op 7 suppli$2 twelve prie/s 7 *os5 to conduct religi\s c]emonies2 & a h]d ( sw9e 0 driv5 on bo>d to fatt5 on ! maize & ma/ ( ! c\ntry4 #i4 ,! fleet fir/ t\*$ at ,havana1 :]e ,de ,soto left 8 wife to gov]n ,cuba dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,aft] a voyage ( two weeks1 ! %ips ca/ an*or 9 ,tampa ,bay4 ,"s ( ! ,cubans :o _h jo9$ ! exp$ition 7 t]rifi$ & sail$ back to ! security ( home2 b ,de ,soto & 8 cavali]s began _! m>* into ! int]ior4 ,9 ,octob] ( #aeci !y arriv$ at ! c\ntry ( ! ,appala*ians1 :]e !y sp5t ! w9t]4 ,= f\r mon?s !y rema9$ 9 ?is locality1 s5d+ out explor+ p>ties 9 v>i\s directions4 ,"o ( ^! companies rea*$ ,p5sacola1 & made arrangem5ts t supplies %\ld be s5t out f ,cuba to t place 9 ! foll[+ summ]4 #aj4 ,9 ! e>ly spr+ ! ,spani>ds cont9u$ _! m>* to ! nor? & ea/4 ,an ,indian guide told !m ( a popul\s empire 9 t direction2 a woman 0 empress1 & ! l& 0 full ( gold4 ,de ,soto & ! freeboot]s press$ on ?r\gh ! swamps & woods1 & 9 ,april1 #aedj1 came ^u ! ,ogee*ee ,riv]4 ,"h ! ,indian guide w5t mad1 & lo/ ! :ole company 9 ! =e/4 ,by ! #a/ ( ,may !y rea*$ ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ne> :]e ,de ,ayllon _h lo/ 8 %ips4 #aa4 ,f ?is place ! w&]]s pass$ across ,nor!rn ,georgia f ! ,*attahoo*ee to ! ,coosa2 !nce d[n t riv] to ,l[] ,alabama4 ,"h !y came ^u ! ,indian t[n ( ,mauville1 or ,mobile1 :]e a battle 0 f\ght ) ! natives4 ,! t[n 0 set on fire1 & two ?\s& five hundr$ ( ! ,indians 7 kill$ or burn$ to dea?4 ,eighte5 ( ,de ,soto's m5 7 kill$ & a hundr$ & fifty w\nd$4 ,! ,spani>ds also lo/ mo/ ( _! horses & baggage4 ,illu/ration3 ,de ,soto ,rea*es ! ,mississippi4 #ab4 ,de ,soto & 8 m5 next turn$ to ! nor?1 & by ! middle ( ,decemb] rea*$ ! c\ntry ( ! ,*ickasaws4 ,!y cross$ ! ,yazoo1 & f\nd an ,indian village1 :i* promis$ !m %elt] = ! w9t]4 ,"h1 9 ,febru>y1 #aeda1 !y 7 attack$ by ! ,indians1 :o set ! t[n on fire1 b ,spani% weapons & discipl9e aga9 sav$ ,de ,soto & 8 m54 ,sid5ote3 ,discov]y ( ! ,mississippi4 #ac4 ,! ,spani>ds next set out to j\rney f>!r we/w>d1 & ! guides br\ght !m to ! ,mississippi4 ,! po9t :]e ! ,fa!r ( ,wat]s 0 fir/ se5 by ,:ite m5 0 a little nor? ( ! ?irty-f\r? p>allel ( latitude2 ! day ( ! discov]y c n c]ta9ly be kn[n4 ,! ,indians came d[n ! riv] 9 a fleet ( canoes1 & (f]$ to c>ry ! ,spani>ds ov]2 b a cross+ 0 n effect$ until ! latt] "p ( ,may4 #ad4 ,de ,soto's m5 n[ f\nd !mselves 9 ! l& ( ! ,dakotas4 ,! natives at "o place 7 go+ to wor%ip ! ,spani>ds1 b ,de ,soto w\ld n p]mit su* idolatry4 ,!y cont9u$ _! m>* to ! ,/4 ,francis ,riv]2 !nce we/w>d = ab\t two hundr$ miles2 !nce s\?w>d to ! tribut>ies ( ! ,wa%ita ,riv]4 ,on ! banks ( ?is /ream !y pass$ ! w9t] ( #aeda-db4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,de ,soto4 #ae4 ,de ,soto n[ turn$ t[>d ! sea1 & came ^u ! ,mississippi 9 ! neighborhood ( ,nat*ez4 ,8 _s 0 completely brok54 ,a fev] seiz$ ^u 8 emaciat$ frame1 & dea? %ortly ensu$4 ,! prie/s *ant$ a requiem1 & 9 ! middle ( ! night 8 companions put 8 body into a ru/ic c(f9 & sunk x 9 ! ,mississippi4 #af4 ,be=e 8 dea?1 ,de ,soto _h nam$ ,moscoso z 8 successor4 ,"u 8 lead]%ip1 ! half-/>v$ adv5tur]s next cross$ ! c\ntry to ! upp] wat]s ( ! ,r$ ,riv]1 & !n rang$ ! hunt+-gr\nds ( ! ,pawnees & ! ,coman*es4 ,9 ,decemb] ( #aedb !y came aga9 to ! ,mississippi1 :]e !y built sev5 boats1 & on ! #b;d ( ,july1 #aedc1 set sail = ! sea4 ,! di/ance 0 almo/ five hundr$ miles1 & sev5te5 days 7 requir$ to make ! desc5t4 ,on rea*+ ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 !y /e]$ to ! s\?we/1 & f9ally rea*$ ! settlem5t at ! m\? ( ! ,riv] ( ,palms4 #ag4 ,! next attempt to colonize ,florida 0 9 ! ye> #aefe4 ,! ent]prise 0 intru/$ to ,,p$ro ,,m55dez1 a ,spani% soldi]4 ,he 0 commission$ by ,philip ,,ii4 to plant 9 "s favorable di/rict ( ,florida a colony ( n less ?an five hundr$ p]sons1 & 0 to receive two hundr$ & tw5ty-five squ>e miles ( l& adjac5t to ! settlem5t4 ,tw5ty-five hundr$ p]sons jo9$ ! exp$ition4 ,illu/ration3 ,p$ro ,m55dez4 #ah4 ,! real object ( ,m55dez 0 to de/roy a colony ( ,fr5* ,prote/ants1 call$ ,hugu5ots1 :o _h made a settlem5t ne> ! m\? ( ! ,/4 ,john's ,riv]4 ,?is 0 )9 ! limits ( ! t]ritory claim$ by ,spa94 ,! ,ca?olic p>ty ( ! ,fr5* c\rt _h communicat$ ) ! ,spani% c\rt z to ! :]eab\ts & int5tions ( ! ,hugu5ots1 s t ,m55dez knew :]e to f9d & h[ to de/roy !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\nd+ ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 #ai4 ,x 0 ,/4 ,augu/9e's day :5 ! ,spani>ds came 9 sight ( ! %ore1 & ! h>bor & riv] :i* ent]s x 7 nam$ 9 honor ( ! sa9t4 ,on ! #h? day ( ,septemb]1 ,philip ,,ii4 0 proclaim$ mon>* ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 a solemn mass 0 said by ! prie/s2 & ! f\ndations ( ! olde/ t[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 laid4 ,?is 0 sev5te5 ye>s be=e ! f\nd+ ( ,santa ,f1 & =ty-two ye>s be=e ! settlem5t at ,jame/[n4 #bj4 ,m55dez soon turn$ 8 att5tion to ! ,hugu5ots4 ,he collect$ 8 =ces at ,/4 ,augu/9e1 /ole ?r\gh ! woods1 & fall+ on ! def5seless colony1 utt]ly de/roy$ x4 ,m51 wom51 & *ildr5 7 alike giv5 up to but*]y4 ,two hundr$ 7 massacr$4 ,a few escap$ into ! =e/1 ,laudonni]e1 ! ,hugu5ot lead]1 among ! numb]1 & 7 pick$ up by two ,fr5* %ips4 #ba4 ,! crews ( ! vessels 7 ! next object ( v5geance4 ,m55dez discov]$ !m1 & deceiv+ !m ) trea*]\s promises1 induc$ !m to surr5d]4 ,z !y approa*$ ! ,spani% =t a signal 0 giv51 & sev5 hundr$ def5celess victims 7 sla94 ,only a few me*anics & ,ca?olic s]vants 7 left alive4 #bb4 ,! ,spani>ds _h n[ explor$ ! coa/ f ! ,i/hmus ( ,d>i5 to ,port ,royal 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,!y 7 acqua9t$ ) ! c\ntry we/ ( ! ,mississippi z f> nor? z ,new ,mexico & ,miss\ri1 & ea/ ( t riv] !y _h trav]s$ ! ,gulf ,/ates z f> z ! m\nta9 ranges ( ,t5nessee & ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,) ! e/abli%m5t ( _! fir/ p]man5t colony on ! coa/ ( ,florida1 ! p]iod ( ,spani% voyage & discov]y may be said to end4 ,sid5ote3 ,portuguese ,explorations4 #bc4 ,a brief acc\nt ( ! only important voyages ( ! ,portuguese to ,am]ica w "h be giv54 ,9 #adie1 ,john ,,ii41 k+ ( ,portugal1 0 succe$$ by 8 c\s9 ,manuel1 :o1 9 ord] to secure "s ( ! b5efits :i* yet rema9$ to discov]]s1 fitt$ out two vessels1 & 9 ! summ] ( #aeja s5t ,,gasp> ,,cort]eal to make a voyage to ,am]ica4 #bd4 ,! ,portuguese %ips rea*$ ,ma9e 9 ,july1 & explor$ ! coa/ = ne>ly sev5 hundr$ miles4 ,little att5tion 0 paid by ,cort]eal to ! great =e/s ( p9e :i* /ood along ! %ore1 promis+ %ip-y>ds & cities4 ,he satisfi$ 8 rapacity by kidnapp+ fifty ,indians1 :om1 on 8 return to ,portugal1 he sold z slaves4 ,a new voyage 0 !n und]tak51 ) ! purpose ( captur+ ano!r c>go ( natives2 b a ye> w5t by1 & no tid+s arriv$ f ! fleet4 ,! bro!r ( ! ,portuguese capta9 sail$ 9 hope ( f9d+ ! miss+ vessels4 ,he also 0 lo/1 b 9 :at mann] is n kn[n4 ,! fate ( ! ,cort]eals & _! slave-%ips has rema9$ a my/]y ( ! sea4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly ,fr5* ,explorations4 ,france 0 n sl[ to pr(it by ! discov]ies ( ,columbus4 ,z e>ly z #aejd ! fi%]m5 ( ,norm&y & ,brittany rea*$ ! banks ( ,newf\ndl&4 ,a map ( ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce 0 drawn by a ,fr5*man 9 ! ye> #aejf4 ,two ye>s lat] "s ,indians 7 tak5 to ,france2 & 9 #aeah ! att5tion ( ,francis ,i4 0 turn$ to ! ,new ,_w4 ,9 #aebc ,,john ,,v]razano1 ( ,flor5ce1 0 commission$ to conduct an exp$ition = ! discov]y ( a nor?we/ passage to ! ,ea/ ,indies4 #b4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #aebd1 ,v]razano left ! %ores ( ,europe1 ) a s+le %ip1 call$ ! ,dolph94 ,aft] fifty days he discov]$ ! ma9l& 9 ! latitude ( ,wilm+ton4 ,he sail$ s\?w>d & nor?w>d along ! coa/ & began a traffic ) ! natives4 ,! ,indians 7 f\nd to be a timid race1 unsuspici\s & confid+4 ,a half-dr[n$ sailor1 wa%$ a%ore by ! surf1 0 treat$ ) k9dness1 & p]mitt$ to return to ! %ip4 #c4 ,! voyage 0 cont9u$ t[>d ! nor?4 ,! coa/ ( ,new ,j]sey 0 explor$1 & ! hills m>k$ z conta9+ m9]als4 ,! h>bor ( ,new ,york 0 ent]$1 & at ,newport ,v]razano an*or$ = fifte5 days4 ,"h ! ,fr5* sailors repaid ! confid5ce ( ! natives by kidnapp+ a *ild & attempt+ to /eal an ,indian girl4 #d4 ,f ,newport1 ,v]razano cont9u$ 8 explorations nor?w>d4 ,! long l9e ( ! ,new ,engl& coa/ 0 trac$ ) c>e4 ,! ,indians ( ! nor? w\ld buy no toys1 b 7 eag] to pur*ase knives & weapons ( iron4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,may1 ,v]razano rea*$ ,newf\ndl&4 ,9 ,july he return$ to ,france & publi%$ an acc\nt ( 8 great discov]ies4 ,! "n ( ,,new ,,france 0 giv5 to ! c\ntry4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>ti] on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 #e4 ,9 #aecd1 ,,james ,,c>ti]1 a seaman ( ,/4 ,malo1 made a voyage to ,am]ica4 ,8 two %ips1 aft] tw5ty days ( sail+1 an*or$ on ! #aj? day ( ,may (f ! coa/ ( ,newf\ndl&4 ,c>ti] circumnavigat$ ! isl&1 cross$ ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & asc5d$ ! e/u>y until ! n>r[+ banks made him aw>e t he 0 9 ! m\? ( a riv]4 ,c>ti]1 ?9k+ x impracticable to pass ! w9t] 9 ! ,new ,_w1 set sail = ,france1 & 9 ?irty days rea*$ ,/4 ,malo4 ,sid5ote3 ,isl& ( ,montreal4 #f4 ,ano!r voyage 0 plann$ imm$iately4 ,?ree %ips 7 provid$2 a numb] ( "y noblem5 jo9$ ! exp$ition1 & on ! #ai? ( ,may ! voyage 0 begun4 ,! passage to ,newf\ndl& 0 made by ! #aj? ( ,augu/4 ,x 0 ! day ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & ! "n ( t m>tyr 0 giv5 to ! gulf & to ! /ream :i* ent]s x f ! we/4 ,! exp$ition proce$$ to ! isl& ( ,orleans1 :]e ! %ips 7 moor$4 ,two ,indians1 :om ,c>ti] _h tak5 ) him to ,france1 gave in=mation t !re 0 an important t[n high] up ! riv]4 ,proce$+ ?i!r1 ! ,fr5* capta9 f\nd a village at ! foot ( a high hill 9 ! middle ( an isl&4 ,c>ti] nam$ ! isl& & t[n ,mont ,real1 & ! c\ntry 0 decl>$ to belong to ! k+ ( ,france4 ,dur+ ?is w9t] tw5ty-five ( ,c>ti]'s m5 7 swept (f by ! scurvy4 #g4 ,) ! op5+ ( spr+1 a cross 0 plant$ on ! %ore1 & ! homew>d voyage began4 ,! good k+ ( ! ,hurons 0 decoy$ on bo>d & c>ri$ (f to die4 ,on ! #f? ( ,july ! fleet rea*$ ,/4 ,malo2 b ! acc\nts :i* ,c>ti] publi%$ greatly disc\rag$ ! ,fr5*2 = nei!r silv] nor gold _h be5 f\nd 9 ,new ,france4 #h4 ,,francis ,,( ,,rob]val 0 next commission$ by ! c\rt ( ,france to plant a colony on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,! man :o 0 *iefly reli$ on to give "* to ! propos$ colony 0 ,james ,c>ti]4 ,8 "n 0 accord+ly add$ to ! li/1 & he 0 honor$ ) ! (fice ( *ief pilot & capta9-g5]al4 #i4 ,x 0 difficult to f9d mat]ial = ! colony4 ,! ,fr5* peasants 7 n eag] to emb>k1 & ! "w ( enli/+ volunte]s w5t on sl[ly1 until ! gov]nm5t op5$ ! prisons ( ! k+dom1 giv+ fre$om to :oev] w\ld jo9 ! exp$ition4 ,!re 0 a ru% ( robb]s & sw9dl]s1 & ! li/s 7 imm$iately fill$4 ,only c\nt]feit]s & traitors 7 d5i$ ! privilege ( ga9+ _! lib]ty 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,sid5ote3 ,=t on ! site ( ,quebec4 #aj4 ,9 ,may ( #aeda1 five %ips1 "u comm& ( ,c>ti]1 left ,france1 rea*$ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & asc5d$ ! riv] to ! site ( ,quebec1 :]e a =t 0 erect$ & nam$ ,*>lesb\rg4 ,"h ! coloni/s pass$ ! w9t]4 ,c>ti] soon sail$ away ) 8 "p ( ! squadron1 & return$ to ,europe4 ,rob]val 0 left 9 ,new ,france ) ?ree %iploads ( crim9als :o c\ld be re/ra9$ only by :ipp+ & hang+4 ,! w9t] 0 long & sev]e1 & spr+ 0 welcom$ = ! opportunity :i* x gave ( return+ to ,france4 #aa4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury ,admiral ,coligny1 ( ,france1 =m$ ! design ( e/abli%+ 9 ,am]ica a refuge = ! ,hugu5ots ( 8 own c\ntry4 ,9 #aefb ,,john ,,ribault1 ( ,dieppe1 0 select$ to lead ! ,hugu5ots to ! l& ( promise4 ,9 ,febru>y ! colony rea*$ ! coa/ ( ,florida ne> ! site ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,! ,riv] ,/4 ,john's 0 ent]$ & nam$ ! ,riv] ( ,may4 ,! vessel !n sail$ to ! entrance ( ,port ,royal2 "h x 0 det]m9$ to make ! settlem5t4 ,! coloni/s 7 l&$ on an isl&1 & a /one 0 set up to m>k ! place4 ,a =t 0 erect$ & nam$ ,,c>ol9a4 ,9 ?is =t ,ribault left tw5ty-six m51 & !n sail$ back to ,france4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+ ! m5 9 ! =t mut9i$ & kill$ _! lead]4 ,!n !y built a rude brig & put to sea4 ,!y 7 at la/ pick$ up by an ,engli% %ip & c>ri$ to ,france4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr5* 9 ,florida4 #ab4 ,two ye>s lat] ano!r colony 0 plann$1 & ,,laudonni]e *os5 lead]4 ,! "*1 h[ev]1 ( ?is second ,prote/ant company 0 v bad4 ,a po9t on ! ,riv] ,/4 ,john's 0 select$ = ! settlem5t4 ,a =t 0 built "h1 b a "p ( ! coloni/s contriv$ to get away ) two ( ! %ips4 ,! re/ ( ! settl]s 7 on ! eve ( dep>ture :5 ,ribault arriv$ ) supplies & re/or$ ord]4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ,m55dez discov]$ ! ,hugu5ots & murd]$ !m4 #ac4 ,b ,,dom9ic ,,de ,,g\rgues1 ( ,gascony1 visit$ ! ,spani>ds ) signal v5geance4 ,?is man fitt$ out ?ree %ips1 & ) only fifty seam5 arriv$ on ! coa/ ( ,florida4 ,he surpris$ ?ree ,spani% =ts on ! ,/4 ,john's1 & made prison]s ( ! inmates4 ,unable to hold 8 position1 he hang$ ! lead+ captives to ! trees1 & put up ?is inscription to expla9 :at he _h done3 ,n z ,spani>ds1 b z murd]]s4 #ad4 ,9 ! ye> #aeih ! ,,m>quis ,,( ,,la ,,ro*e 0 commission$ to f\nd a colony 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,! prisons ( ,france 7 aga9 op5$ to furni% ! emigrants4 ,! vessels rea*$ ,sable ,isl&1 a dismal place (f ,nova ,scotia1 :]e =ty m5 7 left to =m a settlem5t4 ,la ,ro*e return$ to ,france & di$1 & = sev5 ye>s ! =ty crim9als langui%$ on ,sable ,isl&4 ,!n !y 7 pick$ up & c>ri$ back to ,france1 b 7 nev] rem&$ to prison4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\nd+ ( ,port ,royal4 #ae4 ,9 ! ye> #afjc ! c\ntry1 f ! latitude ( ,philadelphia to t ( ,quebec1 0 grant$ to ,,de ,,monts4 ,! *ief provisions ( 8 pat5t 7 a monopoly ( ! fur-trade1 & religi\s fre$om = ! ,hugu5ots4 ,) two %iploads ( coloni/s ,de ,monts left ,france 9 ,m>* ( #afjd1 & rea*$ ! ,bay ( ,fundy4 ,p\tr9c\rt1 ! capta9 ( "o ( ! %ips1 ask$ & obta9$ a grant ( "s beautiful l&s 9 ,nova ,scotia1 & ) a "p ( ! crew w5t on %ore4 ,de ,monts began to build a =t at ! m\? ( ! ,/4 ,croix4 ,b 9 ! foll[+ spr+ !y ab&on$ ?is place & jo9$ ,p\tr9c\rt4 ,"h1 on ! #ad? ( ,novemb]1 #afje1 ! f\ndations ( ! fir/ p]man5t ,fr5* settlem5t 9 ,am]ica 7 laid4 ,! "n ( ,port ,royal 0 giv5 to ! =t1 & ! c\ntry 0 call$ ,,acadia4 ,illu/ration3 ,samuel ,*ampla94 #af4 ,9 #afjc ,,samuel ,,*ampla91 ! mo/ soldi]ly man ( 8 times1 0 commission$ by ,r\5 m]*ants to e/abli% a trad+-po/ on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,! trad]s saw t a traffic 9 furs 0 a sur] road to ri*es ?an ! se>* = gold & diamonds4 ,*ampla9 cross$ ! ocean1 sail$ up ! riv]1 & select$ ! spot on :i* ,quebec n[ /&s z ! site = a =t4 ,9 ! autumn he return$ to ,france4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\nd+ ( ,quebec4 #ag4 ,9 #afjh ,*ampla9 aga9 visit$ ,am]ica1 & on ! #c;d ( ,july 9 t ye> ! f\ndations ( ,quebec 7 laid4 ,! next ye> he & two o!r ,fr5*m5 jo9$ a company ( ,huron & ,algonqu9 ,indians :o 7 at w> ) ! ,iroquois ( ,new ,york4 ,) ?is b& he asc5d$ ! ,sorel ,riv] until he came to ! long1 n>r[ lake1 :i* has ev] s9ce borne ! "n ( its discov]]4 #ah4 ,9 #afab ,*ampla9 came to ,new ,france = ! ?ird "t1 & ! success ( ! colony at ,quebec 0 assur$4 ,franciscan monks came ov] & began to prea* among ! ,indians4 ,*ampla9 aga9 w5t ) a w>-p>ty aga9/ ! ,iroquois4 ,8 company 0 defeat$1 he himself w\nd$ & oblig$ to rema9 all w9t] among ! ,hurons4 ,9 #afag he return$ to ! colony1 & 9 #afbj began to build ! =tress ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,*ampla9 became gov]nor ( ,new ,france1 & di$ 9 #afce4 ,to him1 m ?an to any o!r man1 ! success ( ! ,fr5* colonies 9 ,nor? ,am]ica mu/ be attribut$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,engli% ,,discov]ies ,,& ,,settlem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,cabot's ,discov]ies4 ,on ! #e? ( ,may1 #adif1 ,h5ry ,,vii41 k+ ( ,engl&1 commission$ ,,john ,,cabot1 ( ,v5ice1 to make discov]ies 9 ! ,atlantic & ,indian ,oceans1 & to take possession ( all c\ntries :i* he might discov]4 ,cabot 0 a brave1 adv5tur\s man1 :o _h be5 a sailor f 8 boyhood1 & 0 n[ a weal?y m]*ant ( ,bri/ol4 ,five %ips 7 fitt$ out1 & 9 ,april1 #adig1 ! fleet left ,bri/ol4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #bd? ( ,june1 ! gloomy %ore ( ,labrador 0 se54 ,?is 0 ! real discov]y ( ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,f\rte5 mon?s elaps$ be=e ,columbus rea*$ ! coa/ ( ,guiana1 & m ?an two ye>s be=e ,vespucci saw ! ma9 l& ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 #b4 ,cabot explor$ ! coa/ ( ! c\ntry = sev]al hundr$ miles4 ,he suppos$ t ! l& 0 a "p ( ! dom9ions ( ! ,khan ( ,t>t>y2 b f9d+ no inhabitants1 he w5t on %ore & took possession 9 ! "n ( ! ,engli% k+4 ,no man =gets 8 native l&2 by ! side ( ! flag ( 8 adopt$ c\ntry ,cabot set up ! bann] ( ! republic ( ,v5ice--emblem ( ano!r republic :i* %\ld "o day rule f sea to sea4 #c4 ,z soon z he _h satisfi$ himself ( ! ext5t ( ! c\ntry1 ,cabot sail$ = ,engl&4 ,on ! voyage he twice saw ! coa/ ( ,newf\ndl&4 ,aft] an abs5ce ( ?ree mon?s he rea*$ ,bri/ol1 & 0 greet$ ) en?usiasm4 ,! t[n _h holiday1 & ! p 7 wild ab\t ! great discov]y4 ,! k+ gave him money2 new %ips 7 fitt$ out1 & a new commission 0 sign$ 9 ,febru>y1 #adih4 ,b aft] ! date ( ?is pat5t ! "n ( ,john ,cabot disappe>s f hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,seba/ian ,cabot4 ,sid5ote3 ,seba/ian ,cabot4 #d4 ,seba/ian1 son ( ,john ,cabot1 inh]it$ 8 fa!r's g5ius4 ,he _h already be5 to ! ,new ,_w on ! fir/ voyage1 & n[ he took up 8 fa!r's "w ) all ! f]vor ( y\?4 ,! v fleet :i* _h be5 equipp$ = ,john ,cabot 0 intru/$ to ,seba/ian4 ,! object 9 view 0 ! discov]y ( a nor?we/ passage to ! ,indies4 #e4 ,! voyage 0 made 9 ! spr+ ( #adih4 ,f> to ! nor? ! iceb]gs compell$ ,seba/ian to *ange 8 c\rse4 ,x 0 ,july1 & ! sun sc>cely set at midnight4 ,seals 7 se51 & ! %ips pl[$ ?r\gh su* %oals ( codfi% z _h nev] be=e be5 he>d (4 ,labrador 0 aga9 se54 ,new ,brunswick1 ,nova ,scotia1 & ,ma9e 7 next explor$4 ,! :ole coa/ ( ,new ,engl& & ( ! ,middle ,/ates 0 n[1 = ! fir/ "t s9ce ! days ( ! ,norsem51 trac$ by ,europeans4 ,nor did ,cabot desi/ f ?is "w1 :i* 0 be/[+ ! title ( discov]y on ! cr[n ( ,engl&1 until he rea*$ ,cape ,hatt]as4 #f4 ,! future c>e] ( ,cabot 0 a /range "o4 ,h5ry ,,vii4 0 sl[ to rew>d ! discov]]4 ,:5 t mon>* di$1 ! k+ ( ,spa9 entic$ ,cabot away f ,engl& & made him pilot-major ( ! ,spani% navy4 ,he liv$ to be v old1 b ! place & circum/ances ( 8 dea? are unkn[n4 #g4 ,! ye> #adih is ! mo/ m>k$ 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( discov]y4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,may1 ,,vasco ,,da ,,gama1 ( ,portugal1 d\bl$ ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope & succe$$ 9 rea*+ ,h9do/an4 ,dur+ ! summ]1 ! y\ng] ,cabot trac$ ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica ?r\gh m ?an tw5ty degrees ( latitude4 ,9 ,augu/1 ,columbus himself rea*$ ! m\? ( ! ,or9oco4 ,( ! ?ree great discov]ies1 t ( ,cabot has prov$ to be by f> ! mo/ important4 #h4 ,9 #adic ,pope ,alex&] drew an imag9>y l9e ?ree hundr$ miles we/ ( ! ,azores1 & gave all c\ntries we/ ( t l9e to ,spa94 ,h5ry ,,vii4 0 a ,ca?olic & did n c>e to h a conflict ) 8 ,*ur* by claim+ ! ,new ,_w4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 adopt$ ! same policy1 & x 0 n until aft] ! ,re=mation 9 ,engl& t ! decision ( ! pope 0 disreg>d$4 #i4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 ! _s ( adv5ture 0 aga9 ar\s$4 ,9 #aedh ! old admiral ,seba/ian ,cabot quitt$ ,seville & once m sail$ "u ! ,engli% flag4 ,9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,m>y ! p[] ( ,engl& on ! sea 0 n mat]ially ext5d$1 b ) ! accession ( ,elizabe? a new impulse 0 giv5 to voyage & adv5ture4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,nor?we/ ,passage4 #aj4 ,,m>t9 ,,frobi%] began anew ! "w ( discov]y4 ,?ree small vessels 7 fitt$ out to sail 9 se>* ( a nor?we/ passage to ,asia4 ,"o %ip 0 lo/ on ! voyage1 ano!r return$ to ,engl&1 b ! ?ird sail$ on z f> nor? z ,hudson ,/rait4 ,a l>ge isl& ly+ nor?w>d 0 nam$ ,meta ,incognita4 ,frobi%] ent]$ ! /rait :i* has ev] s9ce borne 8 "n1 & !n sail$ = ,engl&1 c>ry+ ) him an ,esquimo & a /one said to conta9 gold4 #aa4 ,london 0 greatly excit$4 ,9 ,may1 #aegg1 a new fleet dep>t$ = ,meta ,incognita to ga!r ! preci\s metal4 ,b ! vessels did n sail z f> z ,frobi%] _h done on a previ\s voyage4 ,! m>9]s s\ght ! fir/ opportunity to get out ( ^! dang]\s seas & return to ,engl&4 #ab4 ,! ,engli% gold-hunt]s 7 n yet satisfi$4 ,fifte5 new vessels 7 fitt$ out1 & 9 #aegh a ?ird voyage 0 begun4 ,?ree ( ! %ips1 load$ ) emigrants1 7 to rema9 9 ! promis$ l&4 ,! vessels1 /ruggl+ ?r\gh ! iceb]gs1 f9ally rea*$ ,meta ,incognita & took on c>goes ( dirt4 ,) sev]al tons ( ! suppos$ ore "u ! hat*es1 ! %ips set sail = home4 ,! ,el ,dorado ( ! ,esquimos _h prov$ a failure4 #ac4 ,9 #aegg ,,sir ,,francis ,,drake1 foll[+ ,magellan1 became a t]ror to ! ,spani% vessels 9 ! ,pacific4 ,he hop$ to f9d a nor?we/ passage1 & !nce sail ea/w>d ar\nd ! cont95t4 ,he proce$$ nor?w>d z f> z ,oregon1 :5 8 sailors began to %iv] ) ! cold1 & ! ent]prise 0 giv5 up4 ,drake pass$ ! w9t] ( #aegi-hj 9 a h>bor on ! coa/ ( ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh4 ,sid5ote3 ,plans = ,colonization4 #ad4 ,,sir ,,humphrey ,,gilb]t 0 p]haps ! fir/ to =m a rational plan ( colonization 9 ,am]ica4 ,8 idea 0 to plant an agricultural & comm]cial /ate4 ,assi/$ by 8 illu/ri\s half-bro!r1 ,,walt] ,,raleigh1 ,gilb]t prep>$ five vessels1 & 9 ,june ( #aehc sail$ = ! we/4 ,9 ,augu/ ,gilb]t rea*$ ,newf\ndl&1 & took possession ( ! c\ntry4 ,soon ! sailors discov]$ "s scales ( mica1 & w5t to digg+ ! suppos$ silv]1 :ile o!rs attack$ ! ,spani% fi%+-%ips 9 ! neighbor+ h>bors4 #ae4 ,"o ( ,gilb]t's vessels became wor?less1 & 0 ab&on$4 ,) ! re/ he sail$ t[>d ! s\?4 ,(f ! coa/ ( ,massa*usetts ! l>ge/ ( ! %ips 0 wreck$1 & a hundr$ sailors 7 dr[n$4 ,gilb]t det]m9$ to return to ,engl&4 ,! wea!r 0 /ormy1 & ! two %ips n[ rema9+ 7 unfit = ! sea4 ,! capta9 rema9$ 9 ! weak] vessel1 call$ ! ,squirrel4 ,z ! %ips 7 /ruggl+ ?r\gh ! sea at midnight1 ! ,squirrel 0 sudd5ly engulf$2 n a man ( ! crew 0 sav$4 ,! o!r vessel f9ally rea*$ ,falm\? 9 safety4 #af4 ,! project ( colonization 0 r5ew$ by ,raleigh4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aehd he obta9$ a new pat5t = a tract 9 ,am]ica ext5d+ f ! ?irty-?ird to ! =tie? p>allel ( latitude4 ,?is t]ritory 0 to be peopl$ & organiz$ into a /ate4 ,two %ips 7 fitt$ out1 & ! comm& giv5 to ,philip ,amidas & ,ar?ur ,b>l[4 ,sid5ote3 ,virg9ia4 #ag4 ,9 ,july ! vessels rea*$ ,c>ol9a4 ,! woods 7 full ( beauty & song4 ,! natives 7 g5]\s & hospitable4 ,! %ores ( ,albem>le & ,pamlico ,s\nds 7 explor$1 & a l&+ effect$ on ,roanoke ,isl&1 :]e ! ,engli% 7 ent]ta9$ by ! ,indian que54 ,b aft] a /ay ( two mon?s ,amidas & ,b>l[ return$ to ,engl&1 prais+ ! beauties ( ! new l&4 ,que5 ,elizabe? gave to h] delightful c\ntry 9 ! ,new ,_w ! "n ( ,,virg9ia1 = %e 0 call$ ! ,virg9 ,que54 ,sid5ote3 ,colony at ,roanoke4 #ah4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #aehd1 ,sir ,walt] fitt$ out a second exp$ition1 & appo9t$ ,ralph ,lane gov]nor ( ! colony4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,gr5ville comm&$ ! fleet1 & a company1 p>tly compos$ ( "y nobles1 made up ! crew4 ,! fleet ( sev5 vessels rea*$ ,roanoke on ! #bf? ( ,june4 ,"h ,lane 0 left ) a hundr$ & t5 ( ! immigrants to =m a settlem5t4 ,b ho/ilities soon broke out betwe5 ! ,engli% & ! ,indians2 & :5 ,sir ,francis ,drake came ) a fleet1 ! coloni/s prevail$ on him to c>ry !m back to ,engl&4 #ai4 ,soon ,sir ,ri*>d ,gr5ville came to ,roanoke ) ?ree well-lad5 %ips1 & made a fruitless se>* = ! coloni/s4 ,n to lose possession ( ! c\ntry1 he left fifte5 m5 on ! isl&1 & set sail = home4 ,ano!r colony 0 easily made up1 & 9 ,july ! emigrants arriv$ 9 ,c>ol9a4 ,a se>* = ! fifte5 m5 :o _h be5 left on ,roanoke reveal$ ! fact1 t ! natives _h murd]$ !m4 ,nev]!less1 ! nor!rn extremity ( ! isl& 0 *os5 z ! site = a city4 #bj4 ,disa/] att5d$ ! ent]prise4 ,! ,indians 7 ho/ile1 & ! fe> ( />vation soon compell$ ,gov]nor ,:ite to return to ,engl& = supplies4 ,! #ah? ( ,augu/ 0 ! bir?day ( ,virg9ia ,d>e1 ! fir/-born ( ,engli% *ildr5 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,raleigh return$ 9 #aeij to se>* = ! un=tunate coloni/s4 ,no s\l rema9$ to tell _! /ory4 ,sir ,walt]1 aft] sp5d+ two hundr$ ?\s& doll>s1 gave up ! ent]prise1 & assign$ 8 rights to an association ( ,london m]*ants4 ,sid5ote3 ,engli% ,explorations 9 ! ,nor?4 #ba4 ,! next ,engli% exp$ition 0 t ( ,,b>?olomew ,,gosnold 9 #afjb4 ,?us f> all ! voyages to ,am]ica _h be5 by way ( ! ,can>y ,isl&s & ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,ab&on+ ?is pa?1 ,gosnold1 9 a small vessel call$ ! ,concord1 sail$ directly across ! ,atlantic1 & 9 sev5 weeks rea*$ ,ma9e4 ,he explor$ ! coa/ & w5t on %ore at ,cape ,cod4 ,x 0 ! fir/ l&+ ( ,engli%m5 )9 ! limits ( ,new ,engl&4 ,he load$ ! ,concord ) sassafras root1 & rea*$ home 9 safety4 #bb4 ,ano!r exp$ition to ,am]ica 0 soon plann$1 ) ,,m>t9 ,,pr+ = comm&]4 ,9 ,april1 #afjc1 8 vessels came safely to ,p5obscot ,bay1 & sp5t "s "t 9 explor+ ! h>bors ( ,ma9e4 ,he load$ 8 vessels ) sassafras at ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d1 & return$ to ,engl&1 aft] an abs5ce ( six mon?s4 #bc4 ,two ye>s lat]1 ,,george ,,waym\? made a voyage to ,am]ica4 ,he rea*$ ! coa/ ( ,ma9e1 & explor$ a h>bor4 ,trade 0 op5$ ) ! ,indians1 "s ( :om return$ ) ,waym\? to ,engl&4 ,?is 0 ! la/ ,engli% exp$ition be=e ! actual e/abli%m5t ( a colony 9 ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,engli% ,,discov]ies ,,& ,,settlem5ts4--7,,cont9u$47 ,on ! #aj? ( ,april1 #afjf1 ,k+ ,james ,i4 issu$ two pat5ts to m5 ( 8 k+dom1 au?oriz+ !m to colonize all t portion ( ,nor? ,am]ica ly+ betwe5 ! ?irty-f\r? & =ty-fif? p>allels ( latitude4 ,! imm5se tract ext5d$ f ! m\? ( ,cape ,fe> ,riv] to ,passamaquoddy ,bay1 & we/w>d to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 #b4 ,! fir/ pat5t 0 to an association ( nobles1 g5tlem5 & m]*ants call$ ! ,,london ,,company2 & ! second to a simil> body be>+ ! "n ( ! ,,plym\? ,,company4 ,to ! =m] corporation 0 giv5 ! region betwe5 ! ?irty-f\r? & ! ?irty-eigh? degrees ( latitude1 & to ! latt] ! tract f ! =ty-fir/ to ! =ty-fif? degree4 ,! belt ( ?ree degrees betwe5 ! ?irty-eigh? & =ty-fir/ p>allels 0 to be op5 to colonies ( ei!r company1 b no settlem5t ( "o p>ty 0 to be made )9 less ?an a hundr$ miles ( ! ne>e/ settlem5t ( ! o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,london ,company4 #c4 ,! lead+ man 9 ! ,london ,company 0 ,b>?olomew ,gosnold4 ,8 pr9cipal associates 7 ,edw>d ,w+field1 a ri* m]*ant1 ,rob]t ,hunt1 a cl]gyman1 & ,john ,smi?1 an adv5tur]4 ,! affairs ( ! company 7 to be adm9i/]$ by a ,sup]ior ,c\ncil 9 ,engl&1 & an ,inf]ior ,c\ncil 9 ! colony4 ,all legislative au?ority 0 ve/$ 9 ! k+4 ,a provision 9 ! pat5t requir$ ! colony to hold all prop]ty 9 common = five ye>s4 ,! be/ law ( ! *>t] all[$ ! emigrants to reta9 9 ! ,new ,_w all ! rights ( ,engli%m54 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,plym\? ,company4 #d4 ,9 #afjf ! ,plym\? ,company s5t two %ips to ,am]ica1 & 9 ! summ] ( #afjg dispat*$ a colony ( "o hundr$ p]sons4 ,a settlem5t 0 begun at ! m\? ( ! ,k5nebec4 ,! %ips return$ to ,engl&1 leav+ a colony ( =ty-five p]sons2 b 9 ! w9t] ( #afjg-h1 "s ( ! settl]s 7 />v$ & "s froz52 ! /oreh\se 0 burn$1 & ! remnant escap$ to ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fir/ ,engli% ,settlem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5t ( ,jame/[n4 #e4 ,! ,london ,company _h bett] =tune4 ,a fleet ( ?ree vessels 0 fitt$ out "u comm& ( ,*ri/oph] ,newport4 ,9 ,decemb] ! %ips1 hav+ on bo>d a hundr$ & five coloni/s1 among :om 7 ,w+field & ,smi?1 left ,engl&4 ,ent]+ ,*esapeake ,bay1 ! vessels came to ! m\? ( a beautiful riv]1 :i* 0 nam$ 9 honor ( ,k+ ,james4 ,proce$+ up /ream ab\t fifty miles1 ,newport f\nd on ! nor!rn bank a p59sula not$ = its beauty2 ! %ips 7 moor$ & ! emigrants w5t on %ore4 ,"h1 on ! #ac? ( ,may 7,old ,/yle71 #afjg1 7 laid ! f\ndations ( ,jame/[n1 ! olde/ ,engli% settlem5t 9 ,am]ica4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,engl& ,nam$4 #f4 ,mean:ile ,capta9 ,john ,smi?1 9 #afji1 left ,jame/[n & return$ to ,engl&4 ,!re he =m$ a p>tn]%ip ) f\r weal?y m]*ants ( ,london to trade 9 furs & e/abli% a colony )9 ! limits ( ! ,plym\? grant4 ,two %ips 7 freight$ ) goods & put "u ,smi?'s comm&4 ,! summ] ( #afad 0 sp5t on ! coa/ ( ,ma9e1 :]e a traffic 0 c>ri$ on ) ! ,indians4 ,b ,smi? himself explor$ ! c\ntry1 & drew a map ( ! :ole coa/ f ! ,p5obscot to ,cape ,cod4 ,9 ?is map1 ! c\ntry 0 call$ ,,new ,,engl&4 #g4 ,9 #afae a small colony ( sixte5 p]sons1 l$ by ,smi?1 0 s5t out 9 a s+le %ip4 ,:5 ne>+ ! ,am]ican coa/1 !y enc\nt]$ a /orm & 7 oblig$ to return to ,engl&4 ,! lead] r5ew$ ! ent]prise1 & rais$ ano!r company4 ,"p ( 8 crew mut9i$ 9 mid-ocean4 ,8 own %ip 0 captur$ by a b& ( ,fr5* pirates1 & himself imprison$4 ,b he escap$ & made 8 way to ,london4 ,! ye>s #afag-ah 7 sp5t 9 mak+ plans ( colonization1 until f9ally ! ,plym\? ,company 0 sup]s$$ by a new corporation call$ ! ,,c\ncil ,,( ,,plym\?4 ,on ?is body 7 conf]r$ almo/ unlimit$ p[]s & privileges4 ,all t "p ( ,am]ica ly+ betwe5 ! =tie? & ! =ty-eigh? p>allels ( nor? latitude1 & ext5d+ f ocean to ocean1 0 giv5 to =ty m54 #h4 ,john ,smi? 0 n[ appo9t$ admiral ( ,new ,engl&4 ,! k+ issu$ a proclamation en=c+ ! *>t]1 & ev]y?+ gave promise ( ! e>ly settlem5t ( ,am]ica4 ,mean:ile ! "t _h come :51 )\t ! k or cons5t ( ,james ,i4 or ! ,c\ncil ( ,plym\?1 a p]man5t settlem5t %\ld be made on ! %ores ( ,new ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,puritans4 #i4 ,ab\t ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 a numb] ( poor ,puritans 9 ! nor? ( ,engl& jo9$ toge!r = free religi\s wor%ip4 ,!y believ$ t e man has a "r to "k ! tru? ( ! ,scriptures = himself4 ,su* a doctr9e 0 repugnant to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,que5 ,elizabe? decl>$ su* tea*+ to be subv]sive ( ! mon>*y4 ,k+ ,james 0 also intol]ant2 & viol5t p]secutions broke out aga9/ ! sect4 #aj4 ,_m ( ! ,puritans w5t into exile 9 ,holl&4 ,!y took ! "n ( ,,pilgrims1 & grew cont5t to h no home or re/+-place4 ,b !y did n =get _! native l&4 ,!y p9$ ) unre/1 & 7 anxi\s to d some?+ to conv9ce ,k+ ,james ( _! patriotism4 #aa4 ,9 #afag ! ,puritans began to m$itate a removal to ! ,new ,_w4 ,john ,c>v] & ,rob]t ,cu%man 7 dispat*$ to ,engl& to ask p]mission to settle 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ag5ts ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,plym\? favor$ ! reque/1 b ! k+ refus$4 ,! mo/ t he w\ld d 0 to make a promise to let ! ,pilgrims alone 9 ,am]ica4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,mayfl[]4 #ab4 ,! ,puritans 7 n disc\rag$4 ,! ,spe$well1 a small vessel1 0 pur*as$ at ,am/]dam1 & ! ,mayfl[]1 a l>g] %ip1 0 hir$ = ! voyage4 ,! =m] 0 to c>ry ! emigrants to ,s\?ampton1 :]e !y 7 to be jo9$ by ! ,mayfl[] f ,london4 ,assembl+ at ! h>bor ( ,delft1 z _m ( ! ,pilgrims z c\ld be accommodat$ w5t on bo>d ! ,spe$well4 ,! :ole congregation accompani$ !m to ! %ore1 :]e _! pa/or gave !m a f>ewell address1 & ! pray]s ( ^? :o 7 left beh9d foll[$ ! vessel out ( sight4 #ac4 ,on ! #e? ( ,augu/1 #afbj1 ! vessels left ,s\?ampton2 b ! ,spe$well 0 unable to brea/ ! ocean1 & put back to ,plym\?4 ,! ,pilgrims 7 enc\rag$ by ! citiz5s1 & ! m zeal\s w5t on bo>d ! ,mayfl[] = a f9al ef=t4 ,on ! #f? ( ,septemb] ! fir/ colony ( ,new ,engl&1 numb]+ "o hundr$ & two s\ls1 saw ! %ores ( ,old ,engl& s9k beh9d ! sea4 #ad4 ,= sixty-?ree days ! %ip 0 buffet$ by /orms4 ,on ! #i? ( ,novemb] ! vessel 0 an*or$ 9 ! bay (f ,cape ,cod2 a meet+ 0 held & ! colony organiz$ "u a solemn compact4 ,9 ! *>t] :i* !y made = !mselves ! emigrants decl>$ _! loyalty to ! ,engli% k+1 & agre$ to live 9 peace & h>mony4 ,su* 0 ! simple con/itution ( ! olde/ ,new ,engl& ,/ate4 ,to ?is in/rum5t all ! heads ( families1 =ty-"o 9 numb]1 set _! names4 ,an election 0 held1 & ,john ,c>v] 0 *os5 gov]nor4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrims4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrims4 #ae4 ,miles ,/&i%1 ,john ,brad=d1 & a few o!rs1 w5t on %ore & explor$ ! c\ntry2 no?+ 0 f\nd b a heap ( ,indian corn "u ! sn[4 ,on ! #f? ( ,decemb] ! gov]nor l&$ ) fifte5 companions4 ,! wea!r 0 dreadful4 ,sn[-/orms cov]$ ! clo!s ( ! ,pilgrims ) ice4 ,!y 7 attack$ by ! ,indians1 b escap$ to ! %ip ) _! lives4 ,! vessel 0 at la/ driv5 by accid5t into a hav5 on ! we/ side ( ! bay4 ,! next day1 be+ ! ,sabba?1 0 sp5t 9 religi\s s]vices1 & on ,monday1 ! #aa? ( ,decemb] 7,old ,/yle71 #afbj1 ! ,pilgrims l&$ on ,plym\? ,rock4 #af4 ,x 0 ! dead ( w9t]4 ,! h\seless immigrants fell a-dy+ ( hung] & cold4 ,b a site 0 select$ ne> ! fir/ l&+1 &1 on ! #i? ( ,janu>y1 ! toil]s began to build ,new ,plym\?4 ,e man took on himself ! "w ( mak+ 8 own h\se2 b ! ravages ( disease grew daily worse4 ,at "o "t only sev5 m5 7 able to "w on ! %$s :i* 7 built = protection4 ,if an e>ly spr+ _h n br\ght relief1 ! colony mu/ h p]i%$4 ,su* 7 ! suff]+s ( ! w9t] :5 ,new ,engl& began its be+4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,voyages ,,& ,,settlem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,dut*4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,half ,moon on ,hudson ,riv]4 ,sid5ote3 ,dut* ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,! fir/ ,dut* settlem5t 9 ,am]ica 0 made on ,manhattan ,isl&4 ,! colony result$ f ! voyages ( ,sir ,,h5ry ,,hudson4 ,9 ! ye> #afjg ?is great sailor 0 employ$ by a company ( ,london m]*ants to discov] a new r\te to ! ,indies4 ,he fir/ made two unsuccessful voyages into ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 & 8 employ]s gave up ! ent]prise4 ,9 #afji ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,india ,company furni%$ him ) a %ip call$ ! ,half ,moon1 & 9 ,april he set out = ! ,indies4 ,aga9 he ran among ! iceb]gs1 & fur!r sail+ 0 impossible4 ,b n disc\rag$1 he imm$iately set sail = ,am]ica4 #b4 ,9 ,july ,hudson rea*$ ! coa/ ( ,ma9e2 & 9 ,augu/1 ! ,*esapeake4 ,on ! #bh? ( ! mon? he an*or$ 9 ,delaw>e ,bay1 & on ! #c;d ( ,septemb] ! ,half ,moon came to ,s&y ,hook4 ,two days lat] a l&+ 0 effect$4 ,! natives came ) gifts ( corn1 wild fruit1 & oy/]s4 ,on ! #aj? ! vessel pass$ ! ,n>r[s1 & ent]$ ! noble riv] :i* be>s ! "n ( ,,hudson4 ,sid5ote3 ,discov]y ( ,hudson ,riv]4 #c4 ,= eight days ! ,half ,moon sail$ up ! riv]4 ,su* beautiful =e/s & valleys1 ! ,dut* _h nev] se5 be=e4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,septemb] ! vessel 0 moor$ at ,k9d]hook2 b an explor+ p>ty r[$ up /ream beyond ! site ( ,albany4 ,! vessel !n dropp$ d[n ! riv]1 & on ! #d? ( ,octob] ! sails 7 spread = ,holl&4 ,b ! ,half ,moon 0 deta9$ 9 ,engl&4 #d4 ,9 ! summ] ( #afaj a %ip1 call$ ! ,discov]y1 0 giv5 to ,hudson1 :o sail$ 9 ! track :i* ,frobi%] _h tak51 & on ! #b;d day ( ,augu/ ent]$ ! /rait :i* be>s ! "n ( its discov]]4 ,! great capta9 believ$ t ! r\te to ,*9a 0 at la/ discov]$2 b he soon f\nd himself environ$ 9 ! froz5 gulf ( ! ,nor?4 ,) great c\rage he bore up until 8 provisions 7 almo/ exhau/$4 ,!n ! crew broke out 9 mut9y4 ,!y seiz$ ,hudson & 8 only son1 ) sev5 o!r fai?ful sailors1 & ca/ !m (f among ! iceb]gs4 ,! fate ( ! illu/ri\s m>9] has nev] be5 asc]ta9$4 #e4 ,9 #afaj ! ,half ,moon 0 lib]at$ & return$ to ,am/]dam4 ,9 ! same ye> sev]al %ips own$ by ,dut* m]*ants sail$ to ! banks ( ! ,hudson & engag$ 9 ! fur-trade4 ,9 #afad an act 0 pass$ by ! ,/ates-,g5]al ( ,holl&1 giv+ to m]*ants ( ,am/]dam ! "r to trade & e/abli% settlem5ts 9 ! c\ntry explor$ by ,hudson4 ,a fleet ( five trad+-vessels arriv$ 9 ! summ] ( ! same ye> at ,manhattan ,isl&4 ,"h "s rude huts _h already be5 built by =m] trad]s1 & ! settlem5t 0 nam$ ,new ,am/]dam4 #f4 ,9 ! fall ( #afad ,adrian ,block sail$ into ,long ,isl& ,s\nd1 & made explorations z f> z ,cape ,cod4 ,*ri/ianson1 ano!r ,dut* comm&]1 sail$ up ! riv] f ,manhattan to ,ca/le ,isl&1 & erect$ a block-h\se1 :i* 0 nam$ ,=t ,nassau4 ,cornelius ,may1 ! capta9 ( a small vessel call$ ! ,=tune1 sail$ f ,new ,am/]dam & explor$ ! ,j]sey coa/ z f> z ! ,bay ( ,delaw>e4 ,^u ^! two voyages ,holl& set up a claim to ! c\ntry1 :i* 0 n[ nam$ ,,new ,,ne!rl&s1 ext5d+ f ,cape ,h5lop5 to ,cape ,cod4 ,su* 7 ! feeble beg9n+s ( ! ,dut* colonies 9 ,new ,york & ,j]sey4 ,,review ,,que/ions4--,,"p ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #a4 ,tell ab\t ! ,icel&]s & ,norwegians 9 ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #b4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,columbus1 & ( 8 discov]ies & explorations 9 ! ,new ,_w4 #c4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! voyage ( ,am]igo ,vespucci1 & ( h[ ?is ,cont95t came to be kn[n by 8 "n4 #d4 ,:at 7 ! s]vices ( ,balboa1 & ( ,ponce de ,leon8 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #e4 ,sket* ! lat] discov]ies by ! ,spani>ds 9 ,am]ica4 #f4 ,tell ( ! com+ ( ! ,portuguese4 ,,*apt] ,v4 #g4 ,trace ! progress ( ! ,fr5* discov]]s & explor]s on ! new ,cont95t4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #h4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! commission1 & ( ! explorations ( ,john & ,seba/ian ,cabot4 #i4 ,:at "w ( discov]y 0 attempt$ by ,m>t9 ,frobi%]1 & ) :at result8 #aj4 ,outl9e ! colonization s*emes ( ,sir ,humphrey ,gilb]t & ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh4 #aa4 ,:at *ange ( plan = colonization 0 adopt$ by ,gosnold1 & ) :at success8 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 #ab4 ,tell ( ! ,royal ,pat5ts to ! ,london & ,plym\? ,companies4 #ac4 ,sket* ! ef=ts ( ! ,plym\? ,company t[>d colonization1 & ! com+ ( ! ,puritans4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 #ad4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! voyages & f9al successes ( ,sir ,h5ry ,hudson4 #ae4 ,on :at did ! ,dut* base _! e>ly claim to l&s 9 ,am]ica8 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,colonial ,,hi/ory4 ,a4 ,d4 #afjg-aged4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,virg9ia--,,! ,,fir/ ,,*>t]4 ,illu/ration ,sid5ote3 ,colony at ,jame/[n4 ,! fir/ settl]s at ,jame/[n 7 idle & improvid5t4 ,only twelve ( ^? :o came 9 #afjg 7 common labor]s4 ,!re 7 f\r c>p5t]s 9 ! company1 six or eight masons & blacksmi?s1 & a long li/ ( g5tlem54 ,! few m>ri$ m5 _h left _! families 9 ,engl&4 #b4 ,! affairs ( ! colony 7 badly manag$4 ,capta9 ,john ,smi?1 ! be/ man 9 ! colony1 0 suspect$ ( mak+ a plot to murd] ! c\ncil & to make himself k+ ( ,virg9ia4 ,he 0 arre/$ & conf9$ until ! end ( ! voyage4 ,:5 ! coloni/s rea*$ _! de/9ation1 ! k+'s in/ructions 7 unseal$ & ! names ( ! ,inf]ior ,c\ncil made kn[n4 ,a meet+ 0 held & ,edw>d ,w+field elect$ fir/ gov]nor4 #c4 ,z soon z ! settlem5t 0 well begun1 ,smi? & ,newport1 ) tw5ty o!rs1 explor$ ,james ,riv] = =ty-five miles4 ,j bel[ ! falls1 ! explor]s f\nd ! capital ( ,p[hatan1 ! ,indian k+4 ,b ! city 0 only a squalid village ( twelve wigwams4 ,! mon>* receiv$ ! =eign]s ) c\rtesy & %[$ no dislike at ! intrusion4 #d4 ,! coloni/s n[ began to realize _! situation4 ,!y 7 alone 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,w9t] 0 approa*+4 ,dreadful diseases broke out1 & ! colony 0 br\ght almo/ to ru94 ,at "o "t only five m5 7 able to g on duty z s5t9els1 & be=e ! middle ( ,septemb] "o half ( ! coloni/s di$4 ,b ! fro/s came1 & disease 0 *eck$4 ,sid5ote3 ,civil ,diss5sions4 #e4 ,civil diss5sion arose4 ,presid5t ,w+field & ,george ,k5dall 7 detect$ 9 embezzl+ ! /ores1 & 7 remov$ f (fice4 ,ratcliffe 0 !n *os5 presid5t1 b 0 f\nd incompet5t4 ,only ,m>t9 & ,smi? n[ rema9$ 9 ! c\ncil1 & ! latt] took *>ge ( ! colony4 ,"u 8 adm9i/ration ! new settlem5t soon began to %[ signs ( progress4 ,8 fir/ c>e 0 to improve ! build+s ( ! plantation2 !n to secure a supply ( provisions4 ,!re _h be5 a pl5tiful h>ve/ among ! ,indians2 b ! "w ( procur+ corn 0 n an easy task4 ,desc5d+ ,james ,riv] to ,hampton ,roads1 ,smi? l&$ ) five companions & (f]$ ! natives hat*ets & copp] co9s 9 ex*ange = corn4 #f4 ,b ! ,indians only laugh$ at ! proposal4 ,! ,engli% !n *>g$ on ! wigwams1 & ! w>riors 7 oblig$ to pur*ase peace by load+ ! boats ( ! ,engli% ) corn4 ,soon ! ,indians 9 ! neighborhood began to come ) volunt>y contributions4 ,! fe> ( fam9e pass$ away4 ,! woods 7 full ( wild turkeys4 ,good discipl9e 0 ma9ta9$ 9 ! colony1 & fri5dly relations 7 e/abli%$ ) ! natives4 ,! coloni/s became *e]ful & happy4 #g4 ,z soon z w9t] set 91 ! presid5t1 ) six ,engli%m5 & two ,indian guides1 began to explore along ! ,*ickahom9y4 ,x 0 believ$ by ! p ( ,jame/[n t by go+ up ?is /ream !y c\ld rea* ! ,pacific ,ocean6 ,smi? knew ! absurdity ( su* an op9ion1 b humor$ x because ( ! opportunity x gave him to see ! c\ntry & make maps4 ,sid5ote3 ,capt4 ,smi? & ! ,indians4 #h4 ,! presid5t & 8 companions asc5d$ ! riv] until x dw9dl$ to a m]e creek4 ,! m5 :o 7 left to protect ! boats 7 attack$ by ,indians1 & sev]al ( ! ,engli% 7 kill$4 ,smi? 0 w\nd$ ) an arr[1 & *as$ ?r\gh ! woods4 ,he f\ght1 ran1 & fir$ by turns1 b 0 f9ally ov]tak54 #i4 ,smi? dem&$ to see ! ,indian *ief1 & excit$ 8 curiosity by %[+ him a pocket-compass & a wat*4 ,^! in/rum5ts /ruck ! ,indians ) awe2 b ! savages b\nd _! captive to a tree1 & prep>$ to %oot him1 b he fl\ri%$ 8 compass 9 ! air & ! ,indians 7 afraid to fire4 #aj4 ,smi? 0 next tak5 to ,orapax1 a few miles f ! site ( ,ri*mond4 ,"h he f\nd ! ,indians mak+ prep>ations to attack ,jame/[n4 ,!y invit$ him to become _! lead]1 b he refus$ & manag$ to write a w>n+ lett] to 8 c\ntrym54 ,?is lett]1 because ( its my/]i\s p[] ( c>ry+ intellig5ce1 fright5$ !m m ?an ev]4 ,:5 ! w>riors arriv$ at ,jame/[n & f\nd ev]y?+ z ,smi? _h said1 all ?\ght ( attack+ ! colony 0 giv5 up4 ,illu/ration3 ,capta9 ,john ,smi?4 #aa4 ,! ,indians n[ m>*$ _! captive f village to village4 ,ne> ! =k ( ,york ,riv]1 at ,pamunkey1 ,smi? 0 turn$ ov] to ! prie/s1 :o assembl$ 9 _! ,long ,h\se & = ?ree days danc$ ar\nd him1 sang & yell$1 to det]m9e by ?is wild c]emony :at 8 fate %\ld be4 ,! decision 0 aga9/ him1 & he 0 condemn$ to dea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,pocahontas saves ,smi?4 #ab4 ,smi? 0 next tak5 to a t[n :]e ,p[hatan liv$ 9 w9t]4 ,! savage mon>*1 n[ sixty ye>s ( age1 took 8 seat 9 ! ,long ,h\se4 ,8 two daught]s sat ne> him1 & w>riors & wom5 7 rang$ ar\nd ! hall4 ,! k+ review$ ! cause & confirm$ ! s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,two l>ge /ones 7 br\ght1 ,smi? 0 dragg$ =? b\nd1 & 8 head put into position to be cru%$ ) a w>-club2 b z ! execution] rais$ 8 club1 ,matoaka1,a ! elde/ daught] ( ,p[hatan1 ru%$ betwe5 x & ! pro/rate prison]4 ,%e clasp$ 8 head 9 h] arms & held on until h] fa!r ord]$ ,smi? to be unb\nd4 ,soon x 0 agre$ t he %\ld return to ,jame/[n4 ,footnote ,a3 ,p[hatan's tribe _h a sup]/ition t a p]son ^: real "n 0 unkn[n c\ld n be injur$4 ,!y !re=e told ! ,engli% falsely t ,matoaka's "n 0 ,pocahontas4 #ac4 ,only ?irty-eight ( ! settl]s 7 n[ alive1 & ^! 7 fro/-bitt5 & half-/>v$4 ,_! lead] _h be5 abs5t = sev5 weeks4 ,! old fe>s ( ! coloni/s _h reviv$1 & :5 ,smi? return$ he f\nd all h&s prep>+ to ab&on ! settlem5t4 ,he induc$ ! majority to ab&on ?is project1 b ! re/1 burn+ ) res5tm5t1 made a conspiracy to kill him4 #ad4 ,9 ^! days ,newport arriv$ f ,engl&1 br++ supplies & a hundr$ & tw5ty immigrants4 ,b ! new-com]s 7 g5tlem51 gold-hunt]s1 jewel]s1 engrav]s1 adv5tur]s1 & /roll]s4 ,smi? 0 mu* vex$ at ?is1 = he _h urg$ ,newport to br+ ov] only a few indu/ri\s me*anics & labor]s4 #ae4 ,soon ! new-com]s & "s ( ! old settl]s began to /roll ab\t ! c\ntry digg+ = gold4 ,at ! m\? ( a small creek "s glitt]+ p>ticles 7 f\nd1 & ! :ole settlem5t 0 ?r[n into excitem5t4 ,soon aft]w>ds a company sail$ up ,james ,riv] to f9d ! ,pacific ,ocean6 ,f\rte5 weeks 7 consum$ 9 ?is nons5se4 ,ev5 ! ,indians ridicul$ ! madness ( m5 :o 7 wa/+ _! *ances = a crop ( corn4 ,sid5ote3 ,*esapeake ,bay ,explor$4 #af4 ,b ,smi? _h =m$ ! design ( explor+ ,*esapeake ,bay & its tribut>ies4 ,accompani$ by ,dr4 ,russell & ?irte5 o!rs1 he left ,jame/[n on ! #b;d day ( ,june4 ,he /e]$ 8 b>ge by way ( ,hampton ,roads z f> z ,smi?'s ,isl&4 ,return+ !nce ar\nd ,cape ,*>les1 he cont9u$ nor?w>d z f> z ! riv] ,wicomico1 !n cross$ ov] to ! ,patux5t1 & !nce nor?w>d to ! ,patapsco4 ,!n /e]+ s\?w>d he _h ! good =tune to ent] ! m\? ( ! ,potomac & cont9ue ! voyage z f> z ! falls at ,georget[n4 ,he !n dropp$ d[n ! riv] to ! bay1 & rea*$ ,jame/[n on ! #ba/ ( ,july4 #ag4 ,aft] ?ree days a second voyage 0 begun4 ,! exp$ition rea*$ ! head ( ! bay1 & sail$ f> up ! ,susquehanna4 ,on ! return1 ,smi? explor$ e s\nd & inlet ( any note z f> z ! ,rappahannock4 ,?is /ream he asc5d$ to ! head ( navigation1 & !n return$ to ,jame/[n4 ,he _h be5 abs5t a little m ?an ?ree mon?s1 & _h explor$ ! coa/ ( ! great bay = fully ?ree ?\s& miles4 ,n[ he 0 come back to ! colony ) a ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,*esapeake1 :i* he s5t by ,newport to ,engl&1 & :i* is /ill pres]v$4 ,sid5ote3 ,smi? ,elect$ ,presid5t4 #ah4 ,smi? 0 n[ =mally elect$ presid5t4 ,soon !re 0 a m>k$ *ange = ! bett]2 gold-hunt+ ceas$1 & ! re/ ( ! ye> 0 not$ z a "t ( prosp]ity4 ,9 ! autumn ,newport arriv$ ) sev5ty additional immigrants4 ,! heal? 0 s good t only sev5 dea?s occurr$ betwe5 ,septemb] & ! foll[+ ,may4 ,e well man 0 oblig$ to "w six h\rs a day4 ,new h\ses 7 built1 new fields f5c$ 92 & ?r\gh ! w9t] ! s\nd ( ax & hamm] gave tok5 ( a prosp]\s & gr[+ village4 #ai4 ,on ! #bc;d day ( ,may1 #afji1 ,k+ ,james grant$ to ! ,london ,company a new *>t] = ! gov]nm5t ( ,virg9ia4 ,! t]ritory 0 ext5d$ f ,cape ,fe> to ,s&y ,hook1 & we/w>d to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,sup]ior ,c\ncil 7 n[ to be *os5 by ! /ockhold]s ( ! company1 vacancies 7 to be fill$ by ! c\ncilors1 :o 7 also to elect a gov]nor4 ,! new c\ncil 0 at once organiz$1 & ,"l ,de ,la ,w>e *os5 gov]nor = life4 ,five hundr$ emigrants 7 collect$1 & 9 ,june a fleet ( n9e vessels sail$ = ,am]ica4 ,"l ,delaw>e did n himself accompany ! exp$ition4 ,9 ,july ! %ips1 !n 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 7 scatt]$ by a /orm4 ,"o vessel 0 wreck$1 & ano!r1 hav+ on bo>d ! commission]s ( ,delaw>e1 0 driv5 a%ore on "o ( ! ,b]mudas2 ! o!r sev5 %ips came safely to ,jame/[n4 #bj4 ,capta9 ,smi? cont9u$ 9 au?ority "u ! old con/itution2 b ! colony 0 9 an upro>4 ,! presid5t 0 9 daily p]il ( 8 life4 ,he put "s ( ! mo/ rebelli\s brawl]s 9 prison1 & plann$ two new settlem5ts--"o1 ( a hundr$ & tw5ty m51 at ,nansemond2 ! o!r1 ( ! same numb]1 at ! falls ( ! ,james4 ,bo? companies behav$ badly4 ,9 a few days aft] _! dep>ture tr\bles arose ) ! ,indians4 ,:ile attempt+ to quell ^! difficulties1 ,smi? 0 w\nd$1 & fe>+ ! imp]fect m$ical treatm5t :i* ! colony af=d$1 he decid$ to return to ,engl&4 ,he accord+ly delegat$ 8 au?ority to ,sir ,george ,p]cy1 & ab\t ! middle ( ,septemb]1 #afji1 left ! sc5e ( 8 toils & suff]+s1 nev] to return4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,/>v+ ,"t4 #ba4 ,a colony ( f\r hundr$ & n9ety p]sons rema9$ at ,jame/[n4 ,! settlem5t 0 soon br\ght face to face ) />vation4 ,! ,indians became ho/ile2 /raggl]s 7 murd]$2 h\ses 7 set on fire2 disease return$ to add to ! desolation2 & cold & hung] made ! w9t] long rememb]$ z ,,! ,,/>v+ ,,"t4 ,by ! la/ ( ,m>* only sixty p]sons 7 left alive4 #bb4 ,mean:ile1 ,sir ,?omas ,gates & 8 companions1 :o _h be5 %ipwreck$ 9 ! ,b]mudas1 con/ruct$ two small vessels1 & came to ,virg9ia1 :]e a few wan1 half-/>v$ wret*es crawl$ out ( _! cab9s to beg = bread6 ,:atev] /ores ! commission]s _h br\ght ) !m 7 di/ribut$1 & ,gates assum$ control ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,b ! coloni/s _h n[ det]m9$ to ab&on ! place =ev]4 ,9 va9 did ! commission]s remon/rate4 ,an agreem5t 0 made to sail = ,newf\ndl&1 & on ! #h? ( ,june ! coloni/s1 emb>k+ 9 _! f\r boats1 dropp$ d[n ! riv]1 & ,jame/[n 0 ab&on$4 #bc4 ,"l ,delaw>e 0 already on 8 way to ,am]ica4 ,be=e ! escap+ settl]s _h rea*$ ! sea1 ! %ips ( ! gov]nor came 9 sight ) additional immigrants1 pl5tiful supplies1 & promise ( bett] ?+s4 ,! coloni/s return$1 & be=e nightfall ! fires 7 aga9 k9dl$ at ,jame/[n4 ,on ! next day ! gov]nor caus$ 8 commission to be read1 & ent]$ ^u ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties4 ,8 amiability & virtue1 & ! wisdom ( 8 adm9i/ration1 ende>$ him to all & inspir$ ! colony ) hope4 #bd4 ,"l ,delaw>e 0 compell$1 on acc\nt ( ill-heal?1 to return to ,engl&4 ,8 au?ority 0 delegat$ to ,p]cy1 ! deputy ( ,capta9 ,smi?4 ,! ,sup]ior ,c\ncil _h already dispat*$ new /ores & m emigrants1 "u ,sir ,?omas ,dale4 ,:5 ! vessel arriv$ at ,jame/[n1 ,p]cy 0 sup]s$$ by ,dale1 :o adopt$ a sy/em ( m>tial law z ! basis ( 8 adm9i/ration4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,augu/1 ,sir ,?omas ,gates arriv$ ) six %ips1 ?ree hundr$ additional immigrants1 & a l>ge quantity ( /ores4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,l& ,divid$4 #be4 ,?us f> ! prop]ty ( ! settl]s at ,jame/[n _h be5 held 9 common4 ,n[ ! "r ( hold+ private prop]ty 0 recogniz$4 ,gov]nor ,gates _h ! l&s divid$ s t ea* settl] %\ld h ?ree acres ( 8 own2 e family might cultivate a g>d5 & plant an or*>d1 ! fruits ( :i* no "o b ! own] 0 all[$ to ga!r4 ,! b5efits ( ?is sy/em ( labor 7 at once app>5t1 & ! labor]s became *e]ful & indu/ri\s4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,*>t] ,,gov]nm5t4--7,,cont9u$47 ,9 ! ye> #afab ! ,london ,company obta9$ f ! k+ a ?ird pat5t1 by :i* ! gov]nm5t 0 aga9 *ang$4 ,! ,sup]ior ,c\ncil 0 aboli%$1 & ! /ockhold]s 7 au?oriz$ to elect _! own (fic]s & to gov]n ! colony on _! own responsibility4 ,! new pat5t 0 a great /ep t[>d a democratic =m ( gov]nm5t 9 ,virg9ia4 #b4 ,9 #afac ,capta9 ,samuel ,argall1 on an exp$ition up ! ,potomac1 le>n$ t ,pocahontas 0 resid+ 9 t neighborhood4 ,he entic$ ! girl on bo>d 8 vessel & c>ri$ h] captive to ,jame/[n4 ,x 0 decid$ t ,p[hatan %\ld pay a heavy ransom = 8 daught]'s lib]ation4 ,! k+ refus$1 & ord]$ 8 tribes to prep>e = w>4 ,mean:ile1 ,pocahontas 0 conv]t$ to ! ,*ri/ian fai? & became a memb] ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>riage ( ,pocahontas4 #c4 ,soon aft]w>ds ,john ,rolfe1 ( ! colony1 s\ght ! h& ( ! pr9cess 9 m>riage4 ,p[hatan gave 8 cons5t1 & ! nuptials 7 celebrat$ 9 ! spr+ ( ! next ye>4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 ,pocahontas1 :ile visit+ 9 ,engl&1 fell sick & di$4 ,!re 0 left ( ?is m>riage a son1 :o came to ,jame/[n1 & to :om sev]al families ( ,virg9ians /ill trace _! orig94 ,john ,r&olph ( ,roanoke 0 a desc5dant ( ,pocahontas4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>riage ( ,pocahontas4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp$ition aga9/ ,acadia4 #d4 ,capta9 ,argall 0 next s5t ) an arm$ vessel to ! coa/ ( ,ma9e1 to protect ! ,engli% fi%]m51 & to de/roy ! colonies ( ,france1 if any %\ld be f\nd )9 ! t]ritory claim$ by ,engl&4 ,! ,fr5* au?orities ( ,acadia 7 build+ a village ne> ! m\? ( ! ,p5obscot4 ,! settlem5t 0 pillag$ & ! h\ses burn$4 ,! ,fr5* colony at ! m\? ( ! ,/4 ,croix 0 attack$1 & ! =t cannonad$ & de/roy$2 ! hamlet at ,port ,royal 0 burn$4 ,by ^! outrages1 ! ,fr5* settlem5ts 9 ,am]ica 7 conf9$ to ! banks ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,cultivation ( ,tobacco4 #e4 ,9 ,m>* ( #afad ,sir ,?omas ,gates return$ to ,engl&1 leav+ ! gov]nm5t ) ,dale4 ,9 ^! times ! laws ( ! colony 7 mu* improv$1 & ! indu/ry took a bett] =m4 ,hi!rto ! settl]s _h engag$ 9 plant+ v9ey>ds & 9 ! manufacture ( soap1 glass1 & t>4 ,! manag]s ( ! company _h at la/ le>n$ t ^! articles c\ld be produc$ m *eaply 9 ,europe ?an 9 ,am]ica1 :ile "s products ( ! ,new ,_w might be rais$ & export$ ) great pr(it4 ,! *ief ( ^! 0 ! tobacco-plant1 ! use ( :i* _h become fa%ionable 9 ,spa91 ,engl&1 & ,france4 ,?is1 !n1 became ! lead+ /aple ( ! colony1 & 0 ev5 us$ = money4 ,s entirely did ! settl]s give !mselves to ! cultivation ( ! we$ t ! /reets ( ,jame/[n 7 pl[$ up & plant$ ) x4 #f4 ,9 #afag ! unpr9cipl$ ,capta9 ,argall 0 elect$ gov]nor4 ,:5 ! news ( 8 fraudul5t & viol5t proce$+s rea*$ ,engl& emigration ceas$1 & ,"l ,delaw>e emb>k$ = ,virg9ia1 9 ! hope ( re/or+ ord]4 ,b he di$ on ! voyage1 & ,argall cont9u$ 9 (fice until #afai1 :5 ,sir ,george ,ye>dley 0 appo9t$ to succe$ him4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,h\se ( ,burgesses4 #g4 ,m>tial law 0 n[ aboli%$4 ,taxes 7 repeal$1 & ! p fre$ f _m burd5s4 ,gov]nor ,ye>dley divid$ ! plantations into elev5 bor\ghs1 & ord]$ ! citiz5s ( ea* to elect two ( _! numb] to take "p 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,! elections 7 duly held1 & on ! #cj? ( ,july1 #afai1 ! ,virg9ia ,,h\se ,,( ,,burgesses 0 organiz$--! fir/ popul> assembly 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,9 ?is body !re 0 fre$om ( debate b v little political p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,introduction ( ,slav]y4 #h4 ,! ye> #afai 0 also m>k$ by ! introduction ( slav]y4 ,! s]vants at ,jame/[n _h hi!rto be5 ,engli% or ,g]mans1 ^: t]m ( s]vice _h v>i$ f a few mon?s to _m ye>s4 ,no p]petual s]vitude _h ?us f> be5 recogniz$4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ a ,dut* man-(-w> sail$ up ! riv] to ! plantations1 & (f]$ by auction tw5ty ,africans4 ,!y 7 pur*as$ by ! weal?i] class ( plant]s1 & made slaves = life4 ,sid5ote3 ,wives = ! ,coloni/s4 #i4 ,!re 7 n[ six hundr$ m5 9 ! colony1 = ! mo/ "p rov]s :o int5d$ to return to ,engl&4 ,v few families _h emigrat$4 ,9 ?is condition ( affairs1 ,sir ,?omas ,smi? 0 sup]s$$ by ,sir ,edwyn ,s&ys1 a man ( prud5ce & integrity4 ,9 ! summ] ( #afbj1 ! new treasur] s5t to ,am]ica a company ( twelve hundr$ & sixty-"o p]sons4 ,among ! numb] 7 n9ety "y wom5 ( good bre$+ & mode/ mann]s4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+1 sixty o!rs ( simil> good "* came ov]1 & receiv$ a he>ty welcome4 #aj4 ,:5 ,s&ys s5t ^! wom5 to ,am]ica1 he *>g$ ! coloni/s ) ! exp5se ( ! voyage1 z ! company 0 bankrupt4 ,an assessm5t 0 made1 & ! rate fix$ at a hundr$ & tw5ty p\nds ( tobacco = ea* pass5g]--a sum :i* ! settl]s *e]fully paid4 ,!re 7 m]ry m>riages at ,jame/[n1 & ! social condition 0 mu* improv$4 ,:5 ! second %ipload came1 ! co/ ( transportation 0 a hundr$ & fifty p\nds = ea* pass5g]1 :i* 0 also paid )\t compla9t4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,code ( ,laws4 #aa4 ,9 ,july ( #afba ! ,london ,company gave to ,virg9ia a code ( writt5 laws1 & 9 ,octob] ,sir ,francis ,wyatt1 :o _h be5 commission$ z gov]nor1 began to adm9i/] ! new con/itution4 ,! colony 0 f\nd 9 a fl\ri%+ condition4 ,! settlem5ts ext5d$ = a hundr$ & =ty miles along ! banks ( ,james ,riv]1 & f> into ! int]ior4 ,b ! ,indians _h gr[n jeal\s ( ! coloni/s4 ,pocahontas 0 dead4 ,! peaceable ,p[hatan _h likewise pass$ away4 ,ope*ancan\gh1 :o succe$$ him 9 #afah1 _h long be5 plott+ ! de/ruction ( ! ,engli%1 & ! "t _h come = ! trag$y4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,indian ,massacre4 #ab4 ,until ! v day ( ! massacre1 ! ,indians cont9u$ on t]ms ( fri5d%ip ) ! coloni/s4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,m>*1 at midday1 ! "w ( but*]y began4 ,e hamlet 9 ,virg9ia 0 attack$4 ,m51 wom51 & *ildr5 7 indiscrim9ately slaught]$1 until ?ree hundr$ & =ty-sev5 _h p]i%$ "u ! hat*ets ( ! savages4 #ac4 ,b ,indian trea*]y 0 ?w>t$ by ,indian fai?fulness4 ,a conv]t$ ,r$ man1 wi%+ to save an ,engli%man :o _h be5 8 fri5d1 w5t to him on ! night be=e ! massacre & reveal$ ! plot4 ,! al>m 0 spread1 & ?us ! great] "p ( ! colony escap$ de/ruction4 ,b ! out] plantations 7 entirely de/roy$4 ,! p cr[d$ toge!r on ! l>g] f>ms ab\t ,jame/[n1 until ( ! eighty settlem5ts !re 7 only eight rema9+4 ,/ill1 !re 7 sixte5 hundr$ brave m5 9 ! colony2 & ! next ye> ! population increas$ to two ?\s& five hundr$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*>t] ,cancell$4 #ad4 ,! lib]al con/itution ( ,virg9ia soon prov$ (f5sive to ,k+ ,james4 ,a committee 0 appo9t$ to look into ! affairs ( ! ,london ,company4 ,! commission]s p]=m$ _! duty1 & report$ t ! company 0 uns\nd 9 its pr9ciples1 t ! treasury 0 bankrupt1 & t ! gov]nm5t ( ,virg9ia 0 v bad4 #ae4 ,legal proce$+s 7 n[ in/itut$ aga9/ ! company1 & ! judges decid$ t ! pat5t 0 null & void4 ,! *>t] 0 cancel$ by ! k+1 & 9 ,june ( #afbd ! ,london ,company ceas$ to exi/4 ,b its "w _h be5 well done4 ,a tor* ( lib]ty _h be5 light$ on ! banks ( ! ,james1 :i* all ! tyranny ( aft] times c\ld n ext+ui%4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,virg9ia4--,,! ,,royal ,,gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,royal ,gov]nors4 ,a royal gov]nm5t 0 n[ e/abli%$ 9 ,virg9ia consi/+ ( a gov]nor & twelve c\ncilors4 ,! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! colony 0 left undi/urb$1 & ! rights ( ! coloni/s rema9$ z be=e4 ,gov]nor ,wyatt 0 cont9u$ 9 (fice4 ,*>les ,i41 ! successor ( ,k+ ,james1 paid b little att5tion to ! affairs ( 8 ,am]ican colony until ! comm]ce 9 tobacco attract$ 8 notice1 & he !n made an unsuccessful attempt to ga9 a monopoly ( ! trade4 #b4 ,9 #afbf ,gov]nor ,wyatt retir$ f (fice1 & ,ye>dley1 ! old fri5d ( ! coloni/s1 0 reappo9t$4 ,! "y ,/ate 0 nev] m prosp]\s ?an "u ?is adm9i/ration1 :i* 0 end$ ) ! gov]nor's dea? 9 #afbg4 ,dur+ ! prec$+ summ] a ?\s& new immigrants _h come to swell ! population ( ! prov9ce4 #c4 ,! c\ncil ( ,virg9ia _h ! "r1 9 case ( an em]g5cy1 to elect a gov]nor4 ,9 ?is mann] ,francis ,we/ 0 *os5 by ! c\ncilors2 b z soon z ! dea? ( ,ye>dley 0 kn[n 9 ,engl&1 ,k+ ,*>les commission$ ,john ,h>vey to assume ! gov]nm5t4 ,he arriv$ 9 ! autumn ( #afbi1 & became a mo/ unpopul> *ief magi/rate4 ,he began 8 adm9i/ration by tak+ ! "p ( c]ta9 l& speculators aga9/ ! p4 ,! assembly ( #afce pass$ a resolution t ,sir ,john ,h>vey be ?ru/ out ( (fice1 & ,capta9 ,we/ be appo9t$ 9 8 place until ! k+'s pleasure may be kn[n 9 ?is matt]4 ,b ,k+ ,*>les treat$ ! :ole affair ) contempt1 & ,h>vey cont9u$ 9 p[] until ! ye> #afci1 :5 he 0 sup]s$$ by ,wyatt1 :o rul$ until ! spr+ ( #afdb4 ,illu/ration3 ,life at ,old ,jame/[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,effect ( ! ,protectorate4 #d4 ,ab\t ?is "t mon>*y 0 aboli%$ 9 ,engl&4 ,oliv] ,cromwell 0 made ,"l ,protector ( ! ,commonweal?1 & ?is gov]nm5t cont9u$ until ,*>les ,,ii41 exil$ son ( ,*>les ,i41 0 re/or$ to ! ?rone ( ,engl&4 ,virg9ia %>$ 9 "s degree ! di/ractions ( ! "m-c\ntry4 ,9 #afdb ,sir ,william ,b]keley became gov]nor1 & rema9$ 9 (fice = t5 ye>s4 ,8 adm9i/ration 0 not$ z a "t ( rapid gr[? & developm5t4 ,! laws 7 greatly improv$4 ,! old disputes ab\t ! l&s 7 satisfactorily settl$4 ,cruel puni%m5ts 7 aboli%$1 & ! taxes equaliz$4 ,! g5]al assembly 0 regul>ly conv5$1 & ,virg9ia became a free & prosp]\s ,/ate4 ,9 #afdf !re 7 tw5ty ?\s& p 9 ! colony4 #e4 ,9 ,m>* ( #afdc1 a law 0 enact$ by ! assembly decl>+ t no p]son :o disbeliev$ ! doctr9es ( ! ,engli% ,*ur* %\ld be all[$ to tea*1 or to prea* ! gospel1 )9 ! limits ( ,virg9ia4 ,?is act 0 ! s\rce ( mu* bitt]ness among ! p4 ,! few ,puritans 7 exclud$ f places ( tru/1 & "s 7 driv5 f _! homes4 ,gov]nor ,b]keley 0 a lead] 9 ^! p]secutions1 by :i* all fri5dly relations ) ,new ,engl& 7 brok5 (f = _m ye>s4 #f4 ,next came ano!r w> ) ! ,indians4 ,e>ly 9 #afdd1 ! natives plann$ a g5]al massacre4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,april ! savages fell ^u ! fronti] settlem5ts1 & murd]$ ?ree hundr$ p be=e assi/ance c\ld be br\ght4 ,! w>riors !n fl$1 b 7 closely foll[$ by ! ,engli%4 ,ope*ancan\gh 0 captur$1 & di$ a prison]4 ,! tribes 7 puni%$ )\t m]cy1 & 7 soon glad to buy a peace by ! cession ( l>ge tracts ( l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,election ( ,gov]nors4 #g4 ,= a :ile ! coloni/s conduct$ _! gov]nm5t z !y wi%$4 ,! important matt] ( *oos+ a gov]nor 0 submitt$ to ! ,h\se ( ,burgesses2 :5 s great a p[] _h be5 once ex]cis$1 x 0 n likely to be rel9qui%$4 ,?ree gov]nors 7 *os5 9 ?is way1 & ! privilege ( elect+ soon became a "r4 ,! assembly ev5 decl>$ t su* a "r exi/$1 & t x %\ld n be tak5 away4 #h4 ,9 #affj ,samuel ,mat!ws1 ! la/ ( ! ?ree elect$ gov]nors1 di$4 ,! ,burgesses 7 conv5$ & an ord9ance pass$ decl>+ t ! supreme au?ority ( ,virg9ia 0 9 ! colony1 & w\ld cont9ue !re until a delegate %\ld arrive f ! ,briti% gov]nm5t4 ,! h\se !n elect$ z gov]nor ,sir ,william ,b]keley1 :o ackn[l$g$ ! "r ( ! ,burgesses to *oose4 #i4 ,z soon z x 0 kn[n 9 ,virg9ia t ,*>les ,,ii4 _h become k+1 ,gov]nor ,b]keley issu$ writs 9 ! "n ( ! k+ = ! election ( a new assembly4 ,! adh]5ts ( ! ,commonweal? 7 ?ru/ out ( (fice1 & royal favorites e/abli%$ 9 _! places4 ,! ,virg9ians soon f\nd t !y _h ex*ang$ a republican tyrant ) good pr9ciples = a mon>*ial tyrant ) bad ones4 ,! =m] comm]cial sy/em 0 re5act$ 9 a worse =m ?an ev]4 ,! new law provid$ t all ! colonial comm]ce %\ld be c>ri$ on 9 ,engli% %ips2 ! trade ( ! colonies 0 burd5$ ) a heavy tax1 & tobacco1 ! /aple ( ,virg9ia1 c\ld be sold n[h]e b 9 ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,effects ( ! ,re/oration4 #aj4 ,k+ ,*>les soon began to rew>d ! pr(ligates :o ?rong$ 8 c\rt1 by grant+ !m l>ge tracts ( l& 9 ,virg9ia4 ,x 0 no uncommon ?+ = an ,am]ican plant] to f9d t 8 f>m _h be5 giv5 away to "s flatt]] ( ! royal h\sehold1 & f9ally1 9 #afgc1 ! k+ set a limit to 8 own recklessness by giv+ away ! :ole prov9ce4 ,"l ,culpepp] & ! ,e>l ( ,arl+ton receiv$ a de$ by :i* 0 grant$ to !m = ?irty-"o ye>s all ! c\ntry call$ ,virg9ia4 #aa4 ,! colonial legislation ( ^! times 0 selfi% & n>r[-m9d$4 ,! ari/ocratic p>ty _h obta9$ control ( ! ,h\se ( ,burgesses4 ,a /atute 0 pass$ aga9/ ! ,bapti/s1 & ! peace-lov+ ,quak]s 7 f9$ & p]secut$4 ,p]sonal prop]ty 0 heavily tax$1 :ile ! l>ge e/ates 7 exempt4 ,! sal>ies ( ! (fic]s 7 secur$ by a duty on tobacco1 & ! bi5nial election ( ,burgesses 0 aboli%$4 #ab4 ,:5 ! p 7 worn out ) ! gov]nor's exactions1 !y avail$ !mselves ( a pretext to ass]t _! rights by =ce ( arms4 ,a w> ) ! ,susquehanna ,indians furni%$ ! occasion = an insurrection4 ,! tribes ab\t ! head ( ,*esapeake ,bay fell ^u ! ,engli% settl]s ( ,m>yl&1 & ! banks ( ! ,potomac became ! sc5e ( a bord] w>4 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& made common cause4 ,john ,wa%+ton1 great-gr&fa!r ( ! fir/ ,presid5t1 l$ a company ( militia aga9/ ! ,indians1 & a deva/at+ w>f>e rag$ along ! :ole fronti]4 #ac4 ,gov]nor ,b]keley sid$ ) ! ,indians2 b ! coloni/s rememb]$ only ! acts ( trea*]y ( :i* ! ,r$ m5 _h be5 guilty1 & ?ir/$ = rev5ge4 ,! ari/ocratic p>ty took sides ) ! gov]nor & favor$ a peace2 :ile ! popul> p>ty1 l$ by "y ,na?aniel ,bacon1 clamor$ = w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,bacon's ,rebellion4 #ad4 ,five hundr$ m5 ru%$ to arms4 ,b]keley & ! ari/ocratic faction proclaim$ ,bacon a traitor4 ,troops 7 levi$ to disp]se ! militia3 b sc>cely _h ,b]keley & 8 =ces left ,jame/[n :5 ano!r popul> upris+ compell$ him to return4 ,bacon came home victori\s4 ,! old assembly 0 brok5 up1 & a new "o elect$ on ! basis ( univ]sal suffrage4 ,bacon 0 *os5 a memb]1 & made comm&] ( ! ,virg9ia army4 ,a =ce 0 n[ /ation$ on ! fronti]1 & peace return$ to all ! settlem5ts4 ,b ,b]keley repair$ to ! c\nty ( ,gl\ce/]1 :]e he summon$ a conv5tion ( loyali/s1 & ,bacon 0 aga9 proclaim$ a traitor4 #ae4 ,! gov]nor's =ces 7 collect$ on ! ea/]n %ore ( ! ,*esapeake2 ! crews ( "s ,engli% %ips 7 jo9$ to 8 comm&1 & ! fleet set sail = ,jame/[n4 ,! place 0 tak5 )\t mu* resi/ance2 b :5 ,bacon & ! patriots drew ne>1 ! loyal =ces w5t ov] to 8 /&>d4 ,b]keley 0 aga9 oblig$ to fly1 & ! capital 0 held by ! p's p>ty4 ,x 0 n[ rumor$ t an ,engli% fleet 0 approa*+ = ! subjugation ( ! colonies4 ,! patriot lead]s held a c\ncil1 & x 0 decid$ t ,jame/[n %\ld be burn$4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+ ! tor* 0 appli$1 & ! only t[n 9 ,virg9ia 0 laid 9 a%es4 #af4 ,9 ?is juncture ( affairs ,bacon fell sick & di$1 & ! patriot p>ty 0 easily disp]s$4 ,a few feeble ef=ts 7 made to revive ! cause ( ! p1 b ! animat+ _s 0 gone4 ,! royali/s f\nd an able capta9 9 ,rob]t ,bev]ly1 & ! au?ority ( ! gov]nor 0 rapidly re/or$4 ,b]keley's v9dictive passions 7 n[ let loose ^u ! defeat$ insurg5ts4 ,tw5ty-two ( ! lead+ patriots 7 seiz$ & hang$ ) sc>cely "t to bid _! fri5ds f>ewell4 ,nor is x c]ta9 :5 ! executions w\ld h end$ _h n ! assembly met & pass$ an act t no m blood %\ld be spill$ = pa/ (f5ses4 #ag4 ,! consequ5ces ( ! rebellion 7 v disa/r\s4 ,b]keley & ! ari/ocratic p>ty _h n[ a good excuse = suppress+ all lib]al pr9ciples4 ,! pr9t+-press 0 int]dict$4 ,education 0 =bidd54 ,to speak or to write any ?+ aga9/ ! adm9i/ration or 9 def5se ( ! late insurrection1 0 made a crime to be puni%$ by f9e or :ipp+4 ,if ! (f5se %\ld be ?ree times repeat$1 x 0 decl>$ to be treason puni%able ) dea?4 ,! =m] me?ods ( taxation 7 reviv$1 & ,virg9ia 0 left at ! m]cy ( arbitr>y rul]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,propriet>y ,gov]nm5t4 #ah4 ,9 #afge ,"l ,culpepp]1 to :om1 ) ,arl+ton1 ! prov9ce _h be5 grant$1 obta9$ ! appo9tm5t ( gov]nor = life1 & ,virg9ia became a propriet>y gov]nm5t4 ,! new magi/rate arriv$ 9 #afhj & assum$ ! duties ( 8 (fice4 ,8 adm9i/ration 0 *>act]iz$ by av>ice & di%one/y4 ,reg>d+ ,virg9ia z 8 p]sonal e/ate1 he treat$ ! ,virg9ians z 8 t5ants & slaves4 #ai4 ,9 #afhc1 ,arl+ton surr5d]$ 8 claim to ,culpepp]1 :o ?us became sole proprietor z well z gov]nor4 ,*>les ,,ii41 h[ev]1 soon f\nd 9 ,culpepp]'s vices & frauds a suffici5t excuse to remove him f (fice & to revoke 8 pat5t4 ,9 #afhd ,virg9ia aga9 became a royal prov9ce1 "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,"l ,h[>d1 ( ,eff+ham4 ,! affairs ( ! colony dur+ ! next fifty ye>s are n ( suffici5t int]e/ & importance to require ext5d$ notice4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w> %all come1 ,virg9ia w %[ to ! _w t ! labors ( ,smi? & ,gosnold & ,bacon 7 n 9 va94 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,massa*usetts4--,,settlem5t ,,& ,,union4 ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly ,/ruggles4 ,! spr+ ( #afba br\ght hope to ! ,pilgrims ( ,new ,plym\?4 ,! w9t] _h swept (f half ! numb]4 ,! gov]nor himself sick5$ & di$4 ,n[1 ) ! approa* ( w>m wea!r1 ! pe/il5ce 0 *eck$1 ! survivors reviv$ ) ! season1 & ! ,puritans came =? triumphant4 #b4 ,9 ,febru>y ,miles ,/&i% 0 s5t out ) 8 soldi]s to ga!r in=mation conc]n+ ! natives4 ,! army ( ,new ,engl& consi/$ ( six m5 besides ! g5]al4 ,des]t$ wigwams 7 f\nd2 ! smoke ( camp-fires arose 9 ! di/ance2 savages 7 occasionally se5 9 ! =e/4 ,^! fl$ at ! approa* ( ! ,engli%1 & ,/&i% return$ to ,plym\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,puritan4 ,sid5ote3 ,relations ) ! ,indians4 #c4 ,a mon? lat] a ,wampanoag ,indian1 nam$ ,samoset1 ran into ! village & bade ! /rang]s welcome2 fri5dly relations 7 soon e/abli%$ ) ! ,wampanoags4 ,massasoit1 ! sa*em ( ! nation1 0 invit$ to visit ,plym\?4 ,! ,pilgrims receiv$ him ) mu* c]emony1 & !n & !re 0 ratifi$ ! fir/ treaty made 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,?is treaty rema9$ inviolate = fifty ye>s4 ,o!r *iefs foll[$ ! example ( ,massasoit4 ,n9e ( ! tribes ackn[l$g$ ! ,engli% k+4 ,"o *ief s5t to ,william ,brad=d1 :o succe$$ ,gov]nor ,c>v]1 a bundle ( arr[s wrapp$ 9 ! sk9 ( a rattlesnake2 b ! gov]nor /uff$ ! sk9 ) p[d] & balls & s5t x back to ! *ief1 :o did n d>e to accept ! *all5ge4 #d4 ,! summ] 0 unfruitful1 & ! ,pilgrims 7 br\ght to ! po9t ( />vation4 ,new immigrants1 )\t provisions or /ores1 arriv$1 & 7 qu>t]$ on ! coloni/s dur+ ! w9t]4 ,= six mon?s ! settl]s 7 oblig$ to subsi/ on half all[ance4 ,at "o "t only a few gra9s ( corn rema9$ to be di/ribut$1 & at ano!r !re 0 absolute want4 ,!n "s ,engli% fi%+-vessels came to ,plym\? & *>g$ ! coloni/s two prices = food en\gh to keep !m alive4 ,! new immigrants rema9$ at ,plym\? until ! summ] ( #afbb1 !n remov$ to ! s\? side ( ,bo/on h>bor & f\nd$ ,weym\?4 #e4 ,! summ] ( #afbc br\ght a pl5tiful h>ve/1 & !re 0 no long] any dang] ( />vation4 ,! natives became dep5d5t on ! settlem5t = corn1 & br\ght 9 an abundance ( game4 ,at ! end ( ! f\r? ye>1 !re 7 a hundr$ & eighty p]sons 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,! manag]s1 :o _h exp5d$ ?irty-f\r ?\s& doll>s on ! ent]prise1 7 disc\rag$1 & propos$ to sell out _! claims to ! coloni/s4 ,! (f] 0 accept$2 &1 9 ,novemb] ( #afbg1 eight ( ! lead+ m5 ( ,plym\? pur*as$ f ! ,london]s _! entire int]e/ = n9e ?\s& doll>s4 #f4 ,be=e ?is transf]1 ! colony _h be5 mu* vex$ by ! attempt to set ov] !m a m9i/] ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,!y _h come to ! ,new ,_w to avoid ?is v ?+4 ,!re 0 diss5sion = a :ile4 ,! ,engli% manag]s )held support2 ! /ores ( ! coloni/s 7 sold to !m at ?ree prices2 & !y 7 oblig$ to borr[ money at sixty p] c5t4 ,b ! ,pilgrims w\ld n yield1 & ! conflict end$ ) ! pur*ase ( ! proprietors' rights 9 ! colony4 ,sid5ote3 ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,colonies4 #g4 ,9 #afbd a settlem5t 0 made at ,cape ,ann1 b aft] two ye>s ! cape 0 ab&on$2 ! company mov$ f>!r s\? & f\nd$ ,salem4 ,9 #afbh a second colony arriv$ 9 *>ge ( ,john ,endicott1 :o 0 *os5 gov]nor4 ,9 #afbi ,*>les ,i4 issu$ a *>t] by :i* ! coloni/s 7 incorporat$ "u ! "n ( ,,! ,,gov]nor ,,& ,,company ,,( ,,massa*usetts ,,bay ,,9 ,,new ,,engl&4 ,9 ,july two hundr$ immigrants arriv$1 half ( :om settl$ at ,plym\?1 :ile ! o!r half remov$ to ! nor? side ( ,bo/on h>bor & f\nd$ ,*>le/[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,e>ly ,settlem5ts 9 ,ea/]n ,massa*usetts4 #h4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #afbi1 x 0 decre$ t ! gov]nm5t ( ! colony %\ld be transf]r$ f ,engl& to ,am]ica1 & t ! *>t] %\ld be intru/$ to ! coloni/s !mselves4 ,emigration !n began on an ext5sive scale4 ,9 ! ye> #afcj ab\t ?ree hundr$ ( ! be/ ,puritan families came to ,new ,engl&4 ,!y 7 virtu\s1 well-educat$1 c\rage\s m5 & wom51 :o left com=table homes ) no expectation ( return+4 ,x 0 _! good =tune to *oose a noble lead]4 #i4 ,! "n ( ,john ,w9?rop1 gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts1 is wor?y ( la/+ remembrance4 ,born a royali/1 he *]i%$ ! pr9ciples ( republicanism4 ,surr\nd$ ) afflu5ce & com=t1 he left all to %>e ! de/9y ( ! ,pilgrims4 ,calm1 prud5t1 & peaceful1 he jo9$ ! zeal ( an en?usia/ ) ! fai? ( a m>tyr4 ,a "p ( ! new immigrants settl$ at ,salem2 o!rs at ,cambridge & ,wat]t[n1 on ,*>les ,riv]2 :ile o!rs f\nd$ ,roxbury & ,dor*e/]4 ,! gov]nor resid$ = a :ile at ,*>le/[n1 b soon cross$ ov] to ! p59sula ( ,%awmut & f\nd$ ,,bo/on1 :i* became h5ce=? ! capital ( ! colony4 ,sid5ote3 ,religi\s ,intol]ance4 #aj4 ,9 #afca a law 0 pass$ re/rict+ ! "r ( suffrage4 ,x 0 enact$ t none b *ur* memb]s %\ld be p]mitt$ to vote at ! elections4 ,ne>ly ?ree f\r?s ( ! p 7 ?us exclud$ f ex]cis+ ! rights ( freem54 ,taxes 7 levi$ = ! support ( ! gospel2 att5dance on public wor%ip 0 en=c$ by law2 none b memb]s ( ! *ur* 7 eligible to (fice4 ,! v m5 :o _h s rec5tly escap$ ) only _! lives to f9d religi\s fre$om 9 ano!r cont95t1 began _! c>e] 9 ! ,new ,_w ) intol]ance4 #aa4 ,"y ,,rog] ,,williams1 m9i/] ( ,salem1 cri$ out aga9/ ^! laws4 ,= ?is he 0 oblig$ to quit ! m9i/ry ( ! *ur* at ,salem & retire to ,plym\?4 ,f9ally1 9 #afcd1 he wrote a pap] 9 :i* he decl>$ t grants ( l&1 ?\gh giv5 by ! k+ ( ,engl&1 7 invalid until ! natives 7 ju/ly paid4 ,:5 arraign$ = ^! tea*+s1 he told ! c\rt t a te/ ( *ur*-memb]%ip 9 a vot] 0 z ridicul\s z ! selection ( a doctor on acc\nt ( 8 skill 9 !ology4 ,sid5ote3 ,rog] ,williams ,bani%$4 #ab4 ,aft] a trial1 ,williams 0 condemn$ = h]esy & bani%$4 ,9 mid-w9t] he left home & became an exile 9 ! =e/4 ,= f\rte5 weeks he w&]$ ?r\gh ! sn[1 sleep+ on ! gr\nd or 9 a holl[ tree1 liv+ on p>*$ corn & acorns4 ,he c>ri$ ) him a private lett] f ! good ,gov]nor ,w9?rop1 & ! ,indians %[$ him k9dness4 ,w&]+ f place to place1 9 ,june ( #afcf he became ! f\nd] ( ,rhode ,isl& by lay+ out ! city ( ,,provid5ce4 #ac4 ,9 #afcd a repres5tative =m ( gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,! re/riction on ! "r ( suffrage 0 ! only rema9+ b> to free gov]nm5t 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,dur+ ! next ye> ?ree ?\s& new immigrants arriv$4 ,x 0 wor? :ile to come to a c\ntry :]e ! pr9ciples ( fre$om 7 recogniz$4 #ad4 ,new settlem5ts 7 n[ =m$ at a di/ance f ! bay4 ,"o company ( twelve families m>*$ ?r\gh ! woods to "s op5 mead[s sixte5 miles f ,bo/on1 & !re f\nd$ ,concord4 ,ano!r colony ( sixty p]sons press$ _! way we/w>d to ! ,connecticut ,riv]1 & became ! f\nd]s ( ,w9dsor1 ,,h>t=d1 & ,we!rsfield4 #ae4 ,! bani%m5t ( ,rog] ,williams creat$ /rife among ! p ( ,massa*usetts4 ,! m9i/]s 7 /]n & exact+4 ,/ill1 ! advocates ( free op9ion multipli$4 ,! cl]gy1 not)/&+ _! great influ5ce1 felt insecure4 ,religi\s debates became ! ord] ( ! day4 ,e s]mon 0 review$ & criticis$4 #af4 ,prom95t among ^? :o 7 accus$ ( h]esy 0 ,mrs4 ,anne ,hut*9son1 :o desir$ ! privilege ( speak+ at ! weekly debates1 & 0 refus$4 ,indignant at ?is1 %e became ! *ampion ( h] sex1 & decl>$ t ! m9i/]s 7 no bett] ?an ,ph>isees4 ,%e call$ meet+s ( h] fri5ds1 & plead$ ) f]vor = ! fre$om ( consci5ce4 ,! doctr9es ( ,williams 7 reaffirm$ ) m p[] & eloqu5ce ?an ev]4 #ag4 ,! synod ( ,new ,engl& conv5$ 9 ,augu/ ( #afcg1 & ,mrs4 ,hut*9son & h] fri5ds 7 bani%$ f ,massa*usetts4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! exiles w5d$ _! way t[>d ! home ( ,rog] ,williams4 ,miantonomah1 a ,n>ragansett *iefta91 made !m a gift ( ! isl& ( ,rhode ,isl&2 !re1 9 #afda1 a little republic 0 e/abli%$1 9 :i* p]secution1 = op9ion's sake1 0 =bidd54 ,sid5ote3 ,h>v>d ,college ,f\nd$4 #ah4 ,9 #afcf ! g5]al c\rt ( ! colony pass$ an act appropriat+ betwe5 "o & two ?\s& doll>s to f\nd a college4 ,newt[n 0 select$ z ! site ( ! propos$ s*ool4 ,plym\? & ,salem gave gifts to help ! ent]prise2 & f villages 9 ! ,connecticut valley came contributions ( corn & wampum4 ,9 #afch ,john ,h>v>d1 a m9i/] ( ,*>le/[n1 di$1 bequea?+ 8 libr>y & ne>ly five ?\s& doll>s to ! s*ool4 ,to p]petuate 8 memory1 ! new in/itution 0 nam$ ,,h>v>d ,,college4 ,at ! same "t ! "n ( ,newt[n 0 *ang$ to ,cambridge4 #ai4 ,! ,,pr9t+-,,press came also4 ,9 #afch ,/eph5 ,daye1 an ,engli% pr9t]1 arriv$ at ,bo/on1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> set up a press at ,cambridge4 ,! fir/ ,am]ican publication 0 an almanac = ,new ,engl&1 be>+ date ( #afci4 ,dur+ ! next ye>1 ,?omas ,welde & ,john ,eliot1 two m9i/]s ( ,roxbury1 & ,ri*>d ,ma!r1 ( ,dor*e/]1 translat$ ! ,hebrew ,psalms into ,engli% v]se4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ,am]ica4 #bj4 ,new ,engl& 0 fa/ becom+ a nation4 ,well-nigh fifty villages dott$ ! face ( ! c\ntry4 ,ent]prises ( all k9ds 7 rife4 ,manufactures1 comm]ce1 & ! arts 7 introduc$4 ,william ,/eph5s1 a %ipbuild] ( ,bo/on1 _h already built & laun*$ an ,am]ican vessel ( f\r hundr$ tons burd54 ,tw5ty-"o ?\s& two hundr$ p _h f\nd a home betwe5 ,plym\? ,rock & ! ,connecticut4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,union ( ! ,colonies4 #ba4 ,circum/ances sugge/$ a union ( ! colonies4 ,! we/]n fronti] 0 expos$ to ! ho/ilities ( ! ,dut* on ! ,hudson4 ,simil> tr\ble 0 appreh5d$ f ! ,fr5* on ! nor?4 ,indian tribes capable ( mu/]+ a ?\s& w>riors 7 likely at any h\r to fall ^u ! helpless villages4 ,common int]e/s made a union indisp5sable4 #bb4 ,! fir/ ef=t to consolidate ! colonies 0 ineffectual4 ,b 9 #afdc1 a plan ( union 0 adopt$1 by :i* ,massa*usetts1 ,plym\?1 ,connecticut1 & ,new ,hav5 7 jo9$ 9 a conf$]acy1 call$ ,,! ,,unit$ ,,colonies ,,( ,,new ,,engl&4 ,! *ief au?ority 0 conf]r$ ^u an assembly compos$ ( two repres5tatives f ea* colony4 ,^! delegates 7 *os5 annually at an election :]e all ! freem5 vot$ by ballot4 ,!re 0 no presid5t o!r ?an ! speak] ( ! assembly4 ,provision 0 made = ! admission ( o!r colonies into ! union1 b none 7 ev] admitt$4 #bc4 ,at a meet+ ( ! assembly 9 ,decemb]1 #afda1 ,na?aniel ,w>d br\ght =w>d a writt5 in/rum5t1 :i* 0 adopt$ z ! con/itution ( ! ,/ate4 ,?is /atute 0 call$ ! ,,body ,,( ,,lib]ties1 & 0 ev] aft]w>d e/eem$ z ! great *>t] ( colonial fre$om4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]secution ( ! ,quak]s4 #bd4 ,9 ,july ( #afef ! ,,quak]s began to arrive at ,bo/on4 ,! fir/ :o came 7 ,ann ,au/9 & ,m>y ,fi%]4 ,!y 7 caught & se>*$ = m>ks ( wit*craft1 & !n ?r[n into prison4 ,aft] sev]al weeks' conf9em5t !y 7 br\ght =? & bani%$4 ,be=e ! end ( ! ye>1 eight o!rs 7 arre/$ & s5t back to ,engl&4 ,a law 0 pass$ t ,quak]s :o p]si/$ 9 com+ to ,massa*usetts %\ld h _! e>s cut (f & _! tongues bor$ ?r\gh ) a r$-hot iron4 ,9 #afeg ! assembly ( ! f\r colonies conv5$1 & ! p5alty ( dea? 0 pass$ aga9/ ! ,quak]s z di/urb]s ( ! public peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,trade ,re/rictions4 #be4 ,! ,engli% ,revolution _h n[ run its c\rse4 ,cromwell 0 dead4 ,tid+s ( ! re/oration ( ,*>les ,,ii4 rea*$ ,bo/on on ! #bg? ( ,july1 #affj4 ,on ! ree/abli%m5t ( ! ,engli% mon>*y1 a law 0 pass$ by :i* all vessels n be>+ ! ,engli% flag 7 =bidd5 to trade 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,articles produc$ 9 ! colonies & dem&$ 9 ,engl& %\ld be %ipp$ to ,engl& only4 ,! products ( ,engl& %\ld n be manufactur$ 9 ,am]ica1 & %\ld be b\ght f ,engl& only2 & a duty ( five p] c5t4 0 put on bo? exports & imports4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ^? measures :i* produc$ ! ,,am]ican ,,revolution4 #bf4 ,9 #affd w> broke out betwe5 ,engl& & ,holl&4 ,x became a "p ( ! ,engli% plans to conqu] ! ,dut* settlem5ts on ! ,hudson4 ,*>les ,,ii4 0 also anxi\s to obta9 control ( all ! ,new ,engl& colonies4 ,he !re=e appo9t$ f\r commission]s to settle colonial disputes1 & to ex]cise au?ority 9 ! "n ( ! k+4 ,! real object 0 to get possession ( ! *>t] ( ,massa*usetts4 ,9 ,july1 #affd1 ! royal judges arriv$ at ,bo/on4 ,!y 7 reject$ 9 all ! colonies except ,rhode ,isl&4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,engli% mon>*1 le>n+ h[ 8 judges _h be5 receiv$1 recall$ !m1 & !y left ! c\ntry4 ,= t5 ye>s aft] ?is ev5t ! colony 0 v prosp]\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,h>v>d ,college 9 #aggj4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,massa*usetts4--,,w> ,,& ,,wit*craft4 ,! old k+ ,massasoit di$ 9 #affb4 ,8 son1 ,alex&]1 n[ became *ief ( ! nation1 b di$ )9 ! ye>2 & ! *iefta9%ip desc5d$ to ! y\ng] bro!r1 ,,philip ,,( ,,m\nt ,,hope4 ,x 0 ! fate ( ?is brave man to lead 8 p 9 a f9al /ruggle aga9/ ! :ites4 ,causes ( w> already exi/$1 & ! "t _h come = ! conflict4 ,sid5ote3 ,k+ ,philip's ,w>4 #b4 ,! natives ( ,new ,engl& _h sold _! l&s4 ,! ,engli% 7 ! pur*as]s2 ! *iefs _h sign$ ! de$s2 ! price _h be5 fairly paid4 ,!re 7 at ?is "t 9 ! c\ntry ea/ ( ! ,hudson ab\t tw5ty-five ?\s& ,indians & fifty ?\s& ,engli%4 ,! "y w>riors c\ld n und]/& ! validity ( l&-titles4 ,!y sigh$ = ! fre$om ( _! fa!rs' hunt+-gr\nds4 ,! ,wampanoags _h no?+ left b ! p59sulas ( ,bri/ol & ,tiv]ton4 ,!re 7 p]sonal grievances also4 ,k+ ,alex&] _h be5 arre/$1 tri$ by an ,engli% jury1 & imprison$4 ,he _h caught 8 dea?-fev] 9 a ,bo/on jail4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,june1 #afge1 ! village ( ,swanzey 0 attack$1 & eight ,engli%m5 7 kill$4 #c4 ,)9 a week ! militia ( ,plym\?1 jo9$ by volunte]s f ,bo/on1 ent]$ ! enemy's c\ntry4 ,a few ,indians 7 ov]tak5 & kill$4 ,! troops m>*$ into ! p59sula ( ,bri/ol1 & compell$ ,philip to fly = 8 life4 ,a g5]al ,indian w> broke out4 ,! hatr$ ( ! savages 0 easily k9dl$ into ho/ility4 ,= a :ole ye> ! settlem5ts on ! fronti] became a sc5e ( burn+ & massacre4 #d4 ,k+ ,canon*et ( ! ,n>ragansetts fir/ made a treaty ( peace ) ! ,engli%1 b lat] violat$ x & *ose to %>e ! fate ( ,philip4 ,b aft] mu* desp]ate fight+ & heavy losses on bo? sides1 ! res\rces ( ! savages 7 exhau/$ & _! numb]s daily grew less4 ,9 ,april1 #afgf1 ,canon*et 0 captur$ on ! banks ( ! ,black/one4 ,refus+ to make a treaty1 ! haughty *iefta9 0 put to dea?4 ,philip's company _h dw9dl$ to a h&ful4 ,8 wife & son 7 made prison]s2 ! latt] 0 sold z a slave1 & end$ 8 life 9 ! ,b]mudas4 ,! savage mon>* c>$ no long] to live4 ,a company ( soldi]s surr\nd$ him ne> 8 old home at ,m\nt ,hope4 ,a trea*]\s ,indian took a deadly aim at ! brea/ ( 8 *iefta94 ,! report ( a musket rang ?r\gh ! woods1 & ! k+ ( ! ,wampanoags sprang =w>d & fell dead4 #e4 ,new ,engl& suff]$ t]ribly 9 ?is w>4 ,! losses ( ! w> am\nt$ to five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,?irte5 t[ns & six hundr$ dwell+s lay 9 a%es4 ,six hundr$ m5 _h fall5 9 ! field4 ,gray-hair$ sire1 "m & babe _h sunk toge!r "u ! bl[ ( ! ,r$ man's tomahawk4 ,n[ !re 0 peace aga94 ,! ,indian race _h be5 swept out ( ,new ,engl&4 ,! tribes beyond ! ,connecticut came & plead$ = _! lives4 ,! coloni/s return$ to _! f>ms & villages1 to build new homes 9 ! a%es ( old ru9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,prov9ce ( ,ma9e4 #f4 ,! next tr\ble 0 conc]n+ ! prov9ce ( ,ma9e4 ,sir ,f]d9& ,gorges1 ! old proprietor1 0 n[ dead2 b 8 heirs /ill claim$ ! t]ritory4 ,! p ( ,ma9e _h put !mselves "u ! au?ority ( ,massa*usetts2 b ! heirs ( ,gorges c>ri$ ! matt] be=e ! ,engli% c\ncil1 & 9 #afgg a decision 0 giv5 9 _! favor4 ,! ,bo/on gov]nm5t !n made a proposition to ! ,gorges family to pur*ase _! claims2 ?is 0 accept$1 & = ! sum ( twelve hundr$ & fifty p\nds ! prov9ce 0 transf]r$ to ,massa*usetts4 ,sid5ote3 ,prov9ce ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 #g4 ,a simil> difficulty arose 9 reg>d to ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,z e>ly z #afbb ! ,plym\? c\ncil _h grant$ ?is t]ritory to ,f]d9& ,gorges & ,capta9 ,john ,mason4 ,sev5 ye>s aft]w>d ,gorges surr5d]$ 8 claim to ,mason1 :o ?us became sole proprietor4 ,b ?is t]ritory 0 also cov]$ by ! *>t] ( ,massa*usetts4 ,mason di$1 & 9 #afgi 8 son ,rob]t came =w>d & claim$ ! prov9ce4 ,?is cause 0 also tak5 be=e ! m9i/]s1 :o decid$ t ! title ( ! y\ng] ,mason 0 valid4 ,to ! great disappo9tm5t ( ! p ( bo? prov9ces ! two gov]nm5ts 7 sep>at$4 ,a royal gov]nm5t1 ! fir/ 9 ,new ,engl&1 0 n[ e/abli%$ ov] ,new ,hamp%ire1 & ,edw>d ,cranfield became ,gov]nor4 #h4 ,b ! p refus$ to recognize ,cranfield's au?ority4 ,! k+ attribut$ ?is conduct to ! influ5ce ( ,massa*usetts1 & direct$ 8 judges to make an inquiry z to :e!r ,massa*usetts _h n =feit$ h] *>t]4 ,9 #afhd ! royal c\rt gave a decision 9 accordance ) ! mon>*'s wi%es4 ,b be=e ! *>t] c\ld be revok$1 ,*>les ,,ii4 fell sick & di$4 ,sid5ote3 ,royal ,gov]nor ( ,new ,engl&4 #i4 ,! new k+1 ,james ,,ii41 adopt$ 8 bro!r's policy1 & 9 #afhf ! s*eme s long ent]ta9$ 0 c>ri$ out4 ,! *>t] ( ,massa*usetts 0 =mally revok$2 all ! colonies betwe5 ,nova ,scotia & ,n>ragansett ,bay 7 consolidat$1 & ,sir ,edmund ,&ros 0 appo9t$ royal gov]nor ( ,new ,engl&4 #aj4 ,8 despotism 0 quickly ext5d$ f ,cape ,cod ,bay to ! ,piscataqua4 ,! civil rights ( ,new ,hamp%ire 7 ov]?r[n4 ,9 ,may ( #afhf1 ! *>t] ( ,rhode ,isl& 0 tak5 away & h] con/itution subv]t$4 ,! seal 0 brok51 & a royal c\ncil appo9t$ to conduct ! gov]nm5t4 ,&ros next proce$$ to ,connecticut4 ,arriv+ at ,h>t=d 9 ,octob] ( #afhg1 he f\nd ! assembly 9 session1 & dem&$ ! surr5d] ( ! *>t]4 ,! in/rum5t 0 br\ght 9 & laid ^u ! table4 ,a debate ensu$1 & cont9u$ until ev5+4 ,:5 x 0 ab\t to be decid$ t ! *>t] %\ld be giv5 up1 ! lamps 7 da%$ out4 ,o!r lights 7 br\ght 92 b ! *>t] _h disappe>$4 ,joseph ,wadswor?1 snat*+ up ! p>*m5t1 bore x (f ?r\gh ! d>kness & conceal$ x 9 a holl[ tree1 ev] aft]w>ds rememb]$ z ,,! ,,*>t] ,,oak4 ,b ! assembly 0 ov]aw$1 & ! au?ority ( ,&ros e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,&ros dem&+ ! ,*>t] ( ,connecticut4 #aa4 ,8 dom9ion end$ sudd5ly4 ,! ,engli% ,revolution ( #afhh 0 at h&4 ,james ,,ii4 0 driv5 f 8 ?rone2 ! sy/em ( arbitr>y rule :i* he _h e/abli%$ fell ) a cra%1 & ,&ros ) ! re/4 ,! news ( ! accession ( ,william & ,m>y rea*$ ,bo/on on ! #d? ( ,april1 #afhi4 ,on ! #ah? ( ! mon?1 ! citiz5s ( ,bo/on rose 9 rebellion4 ,&ros 0 seiz$ & m>*$ to prison4 ,! insurrection spread2 & be=e ! #aj? ( ,may1 ,new ,engl& _h rega9$ h] lib]ties4 ,sid5ote3 ,k+ ,william's ,w>4 #ab4 ,9 #afhi w> 0 decl>$ betwe5 ,france & ,engl&4 ,?is conflict is kn[n 9 ,am]ican hi/ory z ,,k+ ,,william',s ,,w>4 ,:5 ,james ,,ii4 escap$ f 8 k+dom1 he took refuge at ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ( ,france4 ,! two mon>*s 7 ,ca?olics1 & on ?is acc\nt an alliance 0 made betwe5 !m4 ,l\is agre$ to support ,james 9 8 ef=t to recov] ! ,engli% ?rone4 ,p>liam5t1 mean:ile1 _h conf]r$ ! cr[n on ,k+ ,william4 ,?us ! new sov]eign 0 br\ght into conflict ) ! exil$ ,james & 8 ally1 ! k+ ( ,france4 ,! w> :i* ?us orig9at$ 9 ,europe soon ext5d$ to ! ,fr5* & ,engli% colonies 9 ,am]ica4 #ac4 ,! /ruggle began on ! fronti] ( ,new ,hamp%ire 9 ,june1 #afhi4 ,lat] 9 ! same ye>1 ! ,engli% & ! ,mohawks ent]$ into an alliance1 b ! latt] refus$ to make w> ^u _! c\ntrym5 ( ,ma9e4 ,! ,dut* settlem5ts ( ,new ,ne!rl& made common cause ) ! ,engli% aga9/ ! ,fr5*4 #ad4 ,new ,engl& at l5g? became ?or\ghly ar\s$4 ,to provide ! means ( w>1 a congress 0 conv5$ at ,new ,york4 ,"h x 0 resolv$ to attempt ! conque/ ( ,canada4 ,at ! same "t1 ,massa*usetts 0 to coop]ate by s5d+ a fleet up ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce aga9/ ,quebec4 ,?irty-f\r vessels1 c>ry+ two ?\s& troops1 7 fitt$ out1 & ! comm& giv5 to ,sir ,william ,phipps4 ,proce$+ fir/ aga9/ ,port ,royal1 he compell$ a surr5d]2 ! :ole ( ,nova ,scotia submitt$ )\t a /ruggle4 ,! exp$ition 0 fooli%ly delay$ until ,octob]2 & an ,indian c>ri$ ! news to ! gov]nor ( ,canada4 ,:5 ! fleet came 9 sight ( ! t[n1 ! ca/le 0 s well g>rison$ z to bid defiance to ! ,engli%2 & x only rema9$ = ,phipps to sail back to ,bo/on4 ,to meet ! exp5ses ( ?is exp$ition1 ,massa*usetts issu$ bills ( cr$it :i* 7 made a legal t5d]4 ,su* 0 ! orig9 ( ,,pap] ,,money 9 ,am]ica4 #ae4 ,mean:ile1 ! l& =ces _h proce$$ f ,albany to ,lake ,*ampla94 ,"h diss5sions arose among ! comm&]s1 & ! exp$ition _h to be ab&on$4 ,! w> cont9u$ ne>ly five ye>s long]1 b ) only "h & !re a m>k$ ev5t4 #af4 ,e>ly 9 #afig1 commission]s ( ,france & ,engl& assembl$ at ! t[n ( ,ryswick1 9 ,holl&2 &1 on ! #aj? ( ! foll[+ ,septemb]1 a treaty ( peace 0 conclud$4 ,k+ ,william 0 ackn[l$g$ z ! rightful sov]eign ( ,engl&1 ! colonial b\nd>y-l9es ( ! two nations 9 ,am]ica 7 e/abli%$ z be=e1 & ,k+ ,william's w> 0 at an end4 ,sid5ote3 ,salem ,wit*craft4 #ag4 ,! d>ke/ page 9 ! hi/ory ( ,new ,engl& is t :i* records ! ,,salem ,,wit*craft4 ,9 ,febru>y ( #afib1 9 t "p ( ,salem aft]w>ds call$ ,danv]s1 a daught] & a niece ( ,samuel ,p>ris1 ! m9i/]1 7 attack$ ) a n]v\s disord] :i* r5d]$ !m p>tially insane4 ,p>ris pret5d$ to believe ! girls 7 bewit*$1 & t an ,indian maid-s]vant 0 ! au?or ( ! affliction4 ,he accord+ly ti$ ! ignorant creature & :ipp$ h] until %e confess$ h]self a wit*4 ,"h1 p]haps1 ! matt] w\ld h end$ _h n o!r causes exi/$ = ! spread ( ! delusion4 #ah4 ,b ,p>ris _h a qu>rel 9 8 *ur*4 ,a "p ( ! congregation disbeliev$ 9 wit*craft1 :ile ,p>ris & ! re/ ?\ght su* disbelief ! height ( wick$ness4 ,! celebrat$ ,cotton ,ma!r1 m9i/] ( ,bo/on1 _h rec5tly prea*$ mu* on ! subject ( wit*craft1 tea*+ t wit*es 7 dang]\s & ought to be put to dea?4 ,sir ,william ,phipps1 ! royal gov]nor1 0 a memb] ( ,ma!r's *ur*4 #ai4 ,by ! laws ( ,engl& & ( ,massa*usetts1 wit*craft 0 puni%able ) dea?4 ,9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! colony1 "o p]son *>g$ ) be+ a wiz>d _h be5 arre/$ at ,*>le/[n1 convict$ & execut$4 ,b _m p _h n[ gr[n bold en\gh to d5\nce ! baleful sup]/ition2 & some?+ _h to be done to save wit*craft f fall+ into contempt4 ,a special c\rt 0 accord+ly appo9t$ by ,phipps to g to ,salem & judge ! p]sons accus$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,suspect$ ,wit*4 #bj4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,m>* ! proce$+s began4 ,m>y ,cory 0 arre/$1 br\ght be=e ! c\rt1 convict$1 & hurri$ to prison4 ,s>ah ,cloyce & ,rebecca ,nurse1 two innoc5t si/]s1 7 next appreh5d$ z wit*es4 ,! only witnesses aga9/ !m 7 ! fooli% ,indian woman & ! niece ( ,p>ris4 ,! victims 7 s5t to prison1 prote/+ _! innoc5ce4 ,& s ! "w w5t on1 until sev5ty-five innoc5t p 7 lock$ up 9 dungeons4 ,9 hope ( sav+ _! lives1 "s ( ! prison]s confess$ !mselves wit*es4 ,x 0 soon f\nd t ^? 7 to be put to dea? :o d5i$ ! reality ( wit*craft4 ,five wom5 7 hang$ 9 "o day4 #ba4 ,betwe5 ,june & ,septemb]1 tw5ty victims 7 hurri$ to _! doom4 ,fifty-five o!rs 7 tortur$ into ! confession ( falsehoods4 ,a hundr$ & fifty lay 9 prison await+ _! fate4 ,two hundr$ 7 accus$ or suspect$1 & ru9 seem$ to imp5d ov] ,new ,engl&4 ,b a reaction at la/ set 9 among ! p4 ,! c\rt :i* ,phipps _h appo9t$ to sit at ,salem 0 dismiss$4 ,! prisons 7 op5$1 & ! victims ( sup]/ition w5t =? free4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! next ye>1 a few p]sons 7 arre/$ & tri$ = wit*craft4 ,"s 7 ev5 convict$2 b n ano!r life 0 sacrific$4 #bb4 ,mo/ ( ^? :o p>ticipat$ 9 ^! t]rible sc5es confess$ ! wrong :i* !y _h done2 b confessions c\ld n re/ore ! dead4 ,ma!r1 9 a va9 attempt to ju/ify himself1 wrote a book 9 :i* he express$ 8 ?ankfulness t s _m wit*es _h met _! j doom2 & ! hypocritical pamphlet receiv$ ! approbation ( ! presid5t ( ,h>v>d ,college4 ,sid5ote3 ,que5 ,anne's ,w>4 #bc4 ,9 less ?an f\r ye>s aft] ! treaty ( ,ryswick1 ,france & ,engl& 7 aga9 involv$ 9 a w> :i* soon ext5d$ to ! ,am]ican colonies4 ,9 ! ye> #agjj ,*>les ,,ii41 k+ ( ,spa91 di$1 hav+ nam$ z 8 successor ,philip ( ,anj\1 a gr&son ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,?is measure po9t$ to a union ( ! cr[ns ( ,france & ,spa94 ,! jeal\sy ( ,engl&1 ,holl&1 & ,au/ria 0 ar\s$2 ! ar*duke ,*>les1 ( ! latt] c\ntry1 0 put =w>d z a c&idate = ! ,spani% ?rone2 & w> 0 decl>$ aga9/ ,l\is ,,xiv4 = support+ ,philip4 #bd4 ,9 #agja ,james ,,ii41 ! exil$ k+ ( ,great ,brita91 di$ at ! c\rt ( ,l\is1 :o n[ recogniz$ ! son ( ,james z sov]eign ( ,engl&4 ,?is action 0 reg>d$ z an insult to ,engli% nationality4 ,k+ ,william prep>$ = w>1 b did n live to c>ry out 8 plans4 ,9 ,may ( #agjb he di$1 leav+ ! cr[n to 8 si/]-9-law1 ,anne1 daught] ( ,james ,,ii4 ,f ! fact ( h] sov]eignty1 ! conflict ) ,france is kn[n 9 ,am]ican hi/ory z ,,que5 ,,anne',s ,,w>2 b a bett] "n is ! ,w> ( ! ,spani% ,succession4 ,?is cont9u$ feebly ?r\gh elev5 ye>s1 & ) _m ( ! horrors incid5t to ,indian w>f>e1 z ! ,indians 7 leagu$ ) ! ,fr5* aga9/ ! ,engli%4 #be4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,april1 #agac1 a treaty 0 conclud$ at ,utre*t1 a t[n ( ,holl&4 ,by x ,engl& obta9$ control ( ! fi%]ies ( ,newf\ndl&4 ,labrador1 ! ,bay ( ,hudson1 & ,nova ,scotia1 7 c$$ to ,great ,brita94 ,on ! #ac? ( ,july a second treaty 0 conclud$ ) ! ,indians1 by :i* peace 0 secur$ ?r\gh\t ! colonies4 #bf4 ,9 ! times t foll[$ ,que5 ,anne's w>1 ! p 7 greatly dissatisfi$ ) ! royal gov]nors4 ,! opposition to ^? (fic]s took ! =m ( a controv]sy ab\t _! sal>ies4 ,! royal commissions gave to ea* (fic] a fix$ sal>y1 :i* 0 frequ5tly out ( proportion to ! s]vices requir$4 ,! difficulty 0 f9ally adju/$ by an agreem5t t ! sal>ies %\ld be all[$ annually1 & ! am\nt fix$ by vote ( ! assembly4 ,sid5ote3 ,k+ ,george's ,w>4 #bg4 ,on ! dea? ( ,*>les ,,vi4 ( ,au/ria1 9 #agdj1 !re 7 two claimants to ! cr[n ( ! empire--,m>ia ,!resa1 daught] ( ! late emp]or1 & ,*>les ,alb]t ( ,bav>ia4 ,ea* claimant _h 8 p>ty & 8 army2 w> foll[$2 & ne>ly all ! nations ( ,europe 7 swept into ! conflict4 ,engl& & ,france 7 array$ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,! conte/ t ensu$ is g5]ally kn[n z ! ,w> ( ! ,au/rian ,succession1 b 9 ,am]ican hi/ory is call$ ,,k+ ,,george',s ,,w>1 = ,george ,,ii4 0 n[ k+ ( ,engl&4 ,9 ,am]ica ! only important ev5t ( ! w> 0 ! capture ( ,l\isburg1 on ,cape ,breton ,isl&4 #bh4 ,9 #agdh a treaty ( peace 0 conclud$ at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 a t[n ( we/]n ,g]many4 ,no?+ 0 ga9$ b a re/oration ( conque/s4 ,n a s+le b\nd>y l9e 0 settl$ by ! treaty4 ,! real w> betwe5 ,france & ,engl& = supremacy 9 ! ,we/ 0 yet to be f\ght4 ,sid5ote3 ,"* ( ! ,puritans4 #bi4 ,! hi/ory ( ,massa*usetts has n[ be5 trac$ ?r\gh a p]iod ( "o hundr$ & ?irty ye>s4 ,a few words on ,,! ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,puritans may be add$4 ,!y 7 a vigor\s & h>dy p1 firm-set 9 ! pr9ciples ( hone/y & virtue4 ,!y 7 sob]1 indu/ri\s1 frugal2 resolute1 zeal\s1 & /eadfa/4 ,!y e/eem$ tru? m ?an ri*es4 ,lov+ home & native l&1 !y left bo? = ! sake ( fre$om2 & f9d+ fre$om1 !y *]i%$ x ) ! devotion ( m>tyrs4 ,despis$ & hat$1 !y rose above _! revil]s4 ,9 ! s*ool ( evil =tune !y ga9$ ! discipl9e ( pati5ce4 ,!y 7 ! *ildr5 ( adv]sity & ! fa!rs ( r5[n4 #cj4 ,! gaze ( ! ,puritan 0 turn$ ev] to po/]ity4 ,he believ$ 9 ! future4 ,= 8 *ildr5 he toil$ & sacrific$4 ,! sy/em ( free s*ools is ! monum5t ( 8 love4 ,! pr9t+-press is 8 memorial4 ,alm%\ses & asylums are ! tok5s ( 8 c>e = ! un=tunate4 ,he 0 ! e>lie/ *ampion ( civil rights1 & ! build] ( ,,! ,,union4 #ca4 ,9 matt]s ( religion1 ! fa!rs ( ,new ,engl& 7 sometimes intol]ant & sup]/iti\s4 ,_! religi\s fai? 0 gloomy4 ,human life 0 deem$ a sad1 a mis]able j\rney4 ,to be mi/ak5 0 to s94 ,to fail 9 trifl+ c]emonies 0 reckon$ a crime4 ,9 ! %ad[ ( su* belief ! p became au/]e & melan*oly4 ,!y set up a cold & sev]e =m ( wor%ip4 ,diss5t]s !mselves1 !y c\ld n tol]ate ! diss5t ( o!rs4 ,to puni% error seem$ to ! ,pilgrims "r & necess>y4 ,b ,puritanism conta9$ )9 itself ! p[] to correct its own abuses4 ,! evils ( ! sy/em may well be =gott5 9 ! glory ( its a*ievem5ts4 ,)\t ! ,puritans1 ,am]ica w\ld h be5 a delusion & lib]ty only a "n4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,new ,,york4--,,settlem5t ,,& ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,/uyvesant4 ,illu/ration3 ,new ,am/]dam4 ,! settlem5t ( ,new ,am/]dam result$ f ! voyages ( ! brave ,sir ,h5ry ,hudson4 ,= t5 ye>s aft] its f\nd+1 ! colony 0 gov]n$ by ! directors ( ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,9 #afba ! ,dut* ,we/ ,india ,company 0 organiz$1 & ,manhattan ,isl&1 ) its clu/] ( huts1 pass$ at once "u ! control ( ! new corporation4 ,sid5ote3 ,dut* ,settlem5ts4 #b4 ,9 ,april1 #afbc1 ! %ip ,new ,ne!rl&1 ) ?irty families on bo>d1 arriv$ at ,new ,am/]dam4 ,! coloni/s1 call$ ,,walloons1 7 ,dut* ,prote/ant refugees4 ,cornelius ,may 0 ! lead] ( ! company4 ,mo/ ( ! new immigrants settl$ ) _! fri5ds on ,manhattan2 b ! capta91 ) a p>ty ( fifty1 made explorations z f> z ,delaw>e ,bay4 #c4 ,9 ,may ! isl&1 conta9+ m ?an tw5ty ?\s& acres1 0 pur*as$ f ! natives = tw5ty-f\r doll>s4 ,a block-h\se 0 built & surr\nd$ ) a palisade4 ,new ,am/]dam 0 already a t[n ( ?irty h\ses4 ,! ,dut* ( ,new ,am/]dam & ! ,pilgrims ( ,new ,plym\? 7 e>ly & fa/ fri5ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,patroons4 #d4 ,9 #afbh ! population ( ,manhattan numb]$ two hundr$ & sev5ty4 ,! settl]s engag$ 9 ! fur-trade4 ,9 #afbi ! ,we/ ,india ,company fram$ a ,,*>t] ,,( ,,privileges1 "u :i* a class ( proprietors1 call$ patroons1 7 au?oriz$ to colonize ! c\ntry4 ,! conditions 7 t ea* patroon %\ld pur*ase 8 l&s ( ! ,indians2 & t he %\ld e/abli% a colony ( n less ?an fifty p]sons4 ,five e/ates 7 imm$iately laid out4 ,?ree ( !m 7 on ! ,hudson2 ! f\r?1 on ,/at5 ,isl&2 & ! fif?1 9 ! s\!rn half ( ,delaw>e4 #e4 ,9 ,april ( #afcc ,w\t] van ,twill] became ,gov]nor4 ,?ree mon?s previ\sly ! ,dut* erect$ a block-h\se at ,h>t=d4 ,9 ,octob] an arm$ vessel f ,plym\? sail$ up ! ,connecticut1 & defi$ ! ,dut* comm&]4 ,! ,engli% proce$$ up /ream to ! m\? ( ! ,f>m+ton1 :]e !y built ,=t ,w9dsor4 ,two ye>s lat]1 by ! build+ ( ,saybrook1 at ! m\? ( ! ,connecticut1 !y obta9$ control ( ! riv] above & bel[ ! ,dut* =t4 #f4 ,9 #afbf ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 ! ,prote/ant k+ ( ,sw$51 =m$ ! design ( e/abli%+ settlem5ts 9 ,am]ica4 ,b be=e 8 plans c\ld be c>ri$ into effect1 he 0 kill$ 9 battle4 ,9 #afcb1 ! ,sw$i% m9i/] took up ! "w :i* 8 ma/] _h left unf9i%$2 &1 aft] f\r ye>s1 ! ent]prise 0 br\ght to a successful issue4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,sw$54 #g4 ,late 9 #afcg a company ( ,sw$es & ,f9ns left ! h>bor ( ,/ockholm1 & 9 ! foll[+ ,febru>y arriv$ 9 ,delaw>e ,bay4 ,! "n ( ,,new ,,sw$5 0 giv5 to ! t]ritory4 ,on ! left bank ( a small tribut>y ( ! ,br&yw9e1 a spot 0 *os5 = ! settlem5t4 ,! immigrants soon provid$ !mselves ) h\ses4 ,! creek & ! =t 7 bo? nam$ ,*ri/iana1 9 honor ( ! maid5 que5 ( ,sw$54 ,9 a %ort "t ! banks ( ! bay & riv] 7 dott$ ) pleasant hamlets4 #h4 ,! au?orities ( ,new ,am/]dam 7 jeal\s ( ! ,sw$i% colony4 ,sir ,william ,kieft1 :o _h succe$$ ,van ,twill]1 w>n$ ! settl]s ( _! intrusion on ,dut* t]ritory4 ,b ! ,sw$es w5t on enl>g+ _! bord]s4 #i4 ,9 #afdj ,new ,ne!rl& became involv$ 9 a w> ) ! ,indians4 ,new ,am/]dam 0 soon put 9 a /ate ( def5se1 & a company ( militia 0 s5t aga9/ ! savages4 ,on bo? sides ! w> deg5]at$ into trea*]y & murd]4 ,?r\gh ! m$iation ( ,rog] ,williams a truce 0 obta9$1 b 0 imm$iately brok54 ,sid5ote3 ,w> ) ! ,indians4 #aj4 ,soon a p>ty ( ,mohawks came d[n ! riv] to en=ce _! supremacy ov] ! ,algonqu9s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,am/]dam4 ,! latt] begg$ assi/ance ( ! ,dut*4 ,kieft n[ saw an opportunity = :olesale de/ruction4 ,a company ( soldi]s set out f ,manhattan1 & discov]$ ! camp ( ! ,algonqu9s4 ,! place 0 surr\nd$ by night1 & ne>ly a hundr$ ( ! poor wret*es 7 kill$ by ^? to :om !y _h appeal$ = help4 ,:5 x 0 kn[n among ! tribes t ! ,dut*1 & n ! ,mohawks1 7 ! au?ors ( ?is outrage1 ! w> 0 r5ew$ ) fury4 ,illu/ration3 ,pet] ,/uyvesant4 #aa4 ,9 #afdc ,capta9 ,john ,und]hill1 ( ,massa*usetts1 0 appo9t$ to comm& ! ,dut* =ces4 ,he fir/ invad$ ,new ,j]sey1 & br\ght ! ,delaw>es into subjection4 ,a decisive battle 0 f\ght on ,long ,isl&2 & at ,gre5wi*1 9 we/]n ,connecticut1 ! p[] ( ! ,indians 0 f9ally brok54 ,on ! #cj? ( ,augu/1 #afde1 a treaty 0 conclud$ at ,=t ,am/]dam4 ,sid5ote3 ,gov]nor ,/uyvesant4 #ab4 ,9 #afdg ! ,we/ ,india ,company revok$ ,gov]nor ,kieft's commission1 & appo9t$ ,pet] ,/uyvesant to succe$ him4 ,kieft emb>k$ = ,europe1 b p]i%$ dur+ ! voyage4 ,pet] ,/uyvesant ent]$ ^u 8 duties on ! #aa? ( ,may1 #afdg1 & cont9u$ 9 (fice = sev5te5 ye>s4 ,8 fir/ c>e 0 to conciliate ! ,indians4 ,s intimate & cordial became ! relations betwe5 ! natives & ! ,dut*1 t !y 7 suspect$ ( mak+ common cause aga9/ ! ,engli%4 ,massa*usetts 0 al>m$ le/ su* an alliance %\ld be =m$4 ,b ! policy ( ,/uyvesant 0 bas$ on nobl] pr9ciples4 #ac4 ,until n[ ! ,we/ ,india ,company _h exclusive control ( ! comm]ce ( ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,9 #afdh ?is monopoly 0 aboli%$1 & regul> export duties 7 sub/itut$4 ,! b5efit ( ! *ange 0 soon app>5t 9 ! improvem5t ( ! ,dut* prov9ce4 #ad4 ,9 a lett] writt5 to ,/uyvesant by ! secret>y ( ! company1 ! pr$iction 0 made t ! comm]ce ( ,new ,am/]dam w\ld cov] e ocean1 & ! %ips ( all nations cr[d into h] h>bor4 ,b = _m ye>s ! gr[? ( ! city 0 sl[4 ,! bett] p>ts ( ,manhattan ,isl& 7 /ill divid$ among ! f>m]s4 ,c5tral ,p>k 0 a =e/ ( oaks & *e/nuts4 ,sid5ote3 ,b\nd>y ( ,new ,ne!rl&4 #ae4 ,9 #afej ! b\nd>y 0 fix$ betwe5 ,new ,engl& & ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,! l9e ext5d$ across ,long ,isl& nor? & s\?1 pass+ ?r\gh ,oy/] ,bay1 & !nce to ,gre5wi*1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,s\nd4 ,f ?is po9t nor?w>d ! divid+ l9e 0 ne>ly id5tical ) ! pres5t b\nd>y ( ,connecticut on ! we/4 ,?is treaty 0 ratifi$ by ! colonies1 by ! ,we/ ,india ,company1 & by ! ,/ates-,g5]al ( ,holl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,conque/ ( ,new ,sw$54 #af4 ,/uyvesant n[ det]m9$ to subdue ! colony ( ,new ,sw$54 ,9 #afea an armam5t left ,new ,am/]dam = ! ,delaw>e1 & made an unsuccessful exp$ition4 ,9 ,septemb] ( #afee ! old gov]nor aga9 sail$ aga9/ ,new ,sw$54 ,be=e ! #be? ( ! mon? e =t belong+ to ! ,sw$es _h be5 =c$ to surr5d]4 ,honorable t]ms 7 grant$ to all1 & 9 a few days ! au?ority ( ,new ,ne!rl& 0 e/abli%$4 ,! little ,/ate ( ,new ,sw$5 _h ceas$ to exi/4 #ag4 ,:ile ,/uyvesant 0 abs5t on 8 exp$ition aga9/ ! ,sw$es1 ! ,algonqu9s rose 9 rebellion4 ,9 a fleet ( sixty-f\r canoes1 !y appe>$ be=e ,new ,am/]dam1 yell+ & dis*>g+ arr[s1 !n !y w5t on %ore & began to burn & murd]4 ,! return ( ! ,dut* f ,delaw>e induc$ ! *iefs to sue = peace1 :i* ,/uyvesant grant$ on bett] t]ms ?an ! ,indians des]v$4 #ah4 ,9 #affc ! t[n ( ,k+/on 0 attack$ & de/roy$ by ! ,indians4 ,sixty-five ( ! inhabitants 7 tomahawk$ or c>ri$ into captivity4 ,to puni% ?is outrage a /rong =ce 0 s5t f ,new ,am/]dam4 ,! ,indians fl$ to ! woods2 b ! ,dut* soldi]s pursu$ !m to _! villages1 burn$ _! wigwams1 & kill$ e w>rior :o c\ld be ov]tak54 ,9 ,may ( #affd a treaty ( peace 0 conclud$4 #ai4 ,gov]nor ,/uyvesant _h great difficulty 9 def5d+ 8 prov9ce aga9/ ! claims ( o!r nations4 ,discord at home add$ to 8 emb>rassm5ts4 ,= _m ye>s ! ,dut* _h witness$ ! gr[? & prosp]ity ( ! ,engli% colonies4 ,bo/on _h outgr[n ,new ,am/]dam4 ,! s*ools ( ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut fl\ri%$2 ! academy on ,manhattan1 aft] a sickly c>e] ( two ye>s1 0 discont9u$4 ,9 ,new ,ne!rl& heavy taxes 7 levi$ = ! support ( ! poor2 ,new ,engl& _h no poor4 ,! ,dut* attribut$ _! own want ( ?rift to ! mismanagem5t ( ! ,we/ ,india ,company4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,engli% ,conque/4 #bj4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,m>*1 #affd1 ! duke ( ,york receiv$ f ,*>les ,,ii4 a pat5t = ! :ole c\ntry betwe5 ! ,connecticut & ! ,delaw>e4 ,! duke made ha/e to secure 8 t]ritory4 ,an ,engli% squadron 0 imm$iately s5t to ,am]ica4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,augu/ ! fleet an*or$ be=e ,new ,am/]dam4 ,gov]nor ,/uyvesant conv5$ ! ,dut* c\ncil1 & exhort$ !m to r\se to action & fight4 ,"s "o repli$ t ! ,we/ ,india ,company 0 n wor? fight+ =4 ,! brave old man 0 =c$ to sign ! capitulation2 & on ! #h? ( ,septemb]1 #affd1 ,new ,ne!rl& ceas$ to exi/4 #ba4 ,! ,engli% flag 0 hoi/$ ov] ! =t & t[n1 & ! "n ( ,,new ,,york 0 sub/itut$ = ,new ,am/]dam4 ,! rema9+ ,sw$i% & ,dut* settlem5ts soon capitulat$4 ,! supremacy ( ,great ,brita9 9 ,am]ica 0 f9ally e/abli%$4 ,f ,ma9e to ,georgia1 e mile ( ! ,am]ican coa/ 0 "u ! flag ( ,engl&4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,new ,,york ,,"u ,,! ,,engli%4 ,sid5ote3 ,engli% ,gov]nors4 ,! ,dut* _h surr5d]$ !mselves to ! ,engli% gov]nm5t 9 ! hope ( obta9+ civil lib]ty4 ,b x 0 a poor sort ( lib]ty t any prov9ce 0 likely to receive f ,*>les ,,ii4 ,! promis$ rights ( ! p 7 evad$ & )held4 ,! old titles by :i* ! ,dut* f>m]s held _! l&s 7 annull$4 ,! p 7 oblig$ to accept new de$s f ! ,engli% gov]nor1 & to pay him !re= l>ge sums ( money4 #b4 ,9 #affg ,nicolls1 ! fir/ ,engli% gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 0 sup]s$$ by ! tyrannical ,"l ,lovelace4 ,! p became dissatisfi$ & gloomy4 ,! discont5t 0 univ]sal4 ,sev]al t[ns resi/$ ! tax-ga!r]s & pass$ resolutions d5\nc+ ! gov]nm5t4 ,! only att5tion :i* ,lovelace & 8 c\ncil paid to ^! resolutions 0 to ord] !m to be burnt be=e ! t[n-h\se ( ,new ,york4 ,:5 ! ,sw$es1 a quiet p1 resi/$ ! gov]nor's exactions1 he wrote to 8 deputy3 ,if !re is any m murmur+ aga9/ ! taxes1 make !m s heavy t ! p c d no?+ b ?9k h[ to pay !m4 #c4 ,9 #afgb ,*>les ,,ii4 0 induc$ by ! k+ ( ,france to beg9 a w> ) ,holl&4 ,! /ruggle ext5d$ to ! colonies1 & ,new ,york 0 = a %ort "t revolutioniz$4 ,b ! conque/ 0 only a brief milit>y occupation ( ! c\ntry4 ,! civil au?ority ( ! ,dut* 0 nev] ree/abli%$4 ,9 #afgd ,*>les ,,ii4 0 oblig$ to conclude a treaty ( peace4 ,all conque/s made dur+ ! w> 7 re/or$4 ,new ,york rev]t$ to ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 & ! rights ( ! duke ( ,york 7 aga9 recogniz$ 9 ! prov9ce4 ,sir ,edmund ,&ros 0 n[ appo9t$ gov]nor4 ,on ! la/ day ( ,octob] ! ,dut* =ces 7 f9ally )drawn1 & ,&ros assum$ control ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,dut* ,co/umes & ,ar*itecture4 #d4 ,x 0 a sad sort ( gov]nm5t = ! p4 ,all ! abuses ( ,lovelace's adm9i/ration 7 reviv$4 ,taxes 7 levi$ )\t au?ority ( law1 & ! prote/s ( ! p 7 treat$ ) scorn4 ,a popul> legislative assembly 0 dem&$1 b ! duke ( ,york wrote to ,&ros t popul> assemblies 7 dang]\s to ! gov]nm5t1 & t he did n see any use = !m4 #e4 ,9 ,july ( #afge ,&ros made an unsuccessful ef=t to ext5d 8 au?ority ov] ,connecticut1 & lat] an equally ineffectual attempt to ga9 control ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! p at ?is latt] place decl>$ !mselves to be "u ! protection ( ! ,great ,*>t]1 :i* n ev5 ! duke ( ,york c\ld alt] or annul4 ,9 ,augu/ ( #afhb ! ,t]ritories beyond ! ,delaw>e 7 grant$ by ! ,duke ( ,york to ,william ,p5n4 ,?is little di/rict1 fir/ settl$ by ! ,sw$es1 aft]w>ds conqu]$ by ! ,dut*1 !n transf]r$ to ,engl&1 0 n[ f9ally sep>at$ f ,new ,york & jo9$ to ! new prov9ce ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,sid5ote3 ,popul> ,assembly ,grant$4 #f4 ,= ?irty ye>s ! p _h be5 clamor+ = a g5]al assembly4 ,at la/ ! duke ( ,york yield$ to ! dem&4 ,!n1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! p ( ! prov9ce 7 p]mitt$ to *oose _! own rul]s & to frame _! own laws4 ,! new assembly made ha/e to decl>e ,,! ,,p to be a "p ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,all freehold]s 7 grant$ ! "r ( suffrage2 trial by jury 0 e/abli%$2 taxes %\ld n be levi$ except by ! assembly2 soldi]s %\ld n be qu>t]$ on ! p2 m>tial law %\ld n exi/2 no p]son %\ld be p]secut$ on acc\nt ( 8 religion4 #g4 ,9 ,july ( #afhd ! gov]nors ( ,new ,york & ,virg9ia 7 met by ! *iefs ( ! ,iroquois at ,albany1 & ! t]ms ( a la/+ peace 7 settl$4 ,9 #afhe ! duke ( ,york became k+ ( ,engl&4 ,x 0 soon f\nd t ev5 a mon>* c\ld violate 8 pl$ges4 ,k+ ,james became ! enemy ( ! gov]nm5t :i* _h be5 e/abli%$ 9 8 ,am]ican prov9ce4 ,! legislature ( ,new ,york 0 dismiss$4 ,an odi\s tax 0 levi$4 ,pr9t+-presses 7 =bidd52 & ! old abuses 7 reviv$4 ,sid5ote3 ,leisl]'s ,insurrection4 #h4 ,:5 ! news ( ! accession ( ,william ( ,orange rea*$ ,new ,york !re 0 great rejoic+4 ,! p rose 9 rebellion aga9/ deputy-gov]nor ,ni*olson1 :o 0 glad to escape to ,engl&4 ,! lead] ( ! insurrection 0 ,capta9 ,jacob ,leisl]4 ,he 0 appo9t$ comm&ant ( ,new ,york1 & aft]w>ds provisional gov]nor4 ,! c\ncilors1 :o 7 fri5ds ( ! depos$ ,ni*olson1 left ! city & w5t to ,albany4 ,"h ! p>ty oppos$ to ,leisl] organiz$ a second provisional gov]nm5t4 ,bo? factions began to rule 9 ! "n ( ,william & ,m>y1 ! new sov]eigns ( ,engl&4 ,su* 0 ! condition ( affairs at ! beg9n+ ( ,k+ ,william's ,w>4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #afij1 ! au?ority ( ,leisl] z gov]nor ( ,new ,york 0 recogniz$ ?r\gh\t ! prov9ce4 #i4 ,9 ,m>*1 #afia1 ,colonel ,sl\ght] arriv$1 ) appo9tm5t z gov]nor2 & ,leisl]1 on ! same day1 t5d]$ 8 submission4 ,he wrote a lett] to ,sl\ght]1 express+ a desire to surr5d] ! po/ to ! gov]nor4 ,b ,sl\ght] pref]r$ to treat him z a traitor1 & _h him seiz$ & s5t to prison4 #aj4 ,z soon z ! gov]nm5t 0 organiz$ ! prison] 0 br\ght to trial4 ,x 0 decid$ t he _h be5 a usurp]4 ,s5t5ce ( dea? 0 pass$ on him1 b ,sl\ght] hesitat$ to put ! s5t5ce into execution4 ,9 ?is /ate ( affairs ! gov]nor 0 invit$ to a banquet by ! royal c\ncilors2 & :5 heat$ ) dr9k1 ! dea?-w>rant 0 ?ru/ be=e him = 8 signature4 ,he succe$$ 9 sign+ 8 "n to ! p>*m5t2 & be=e 8 drunk5 revel _h pass$ away1 8 victim _h met 8 fate4 ,on ! #af? ( ,may ,leisl] 0 tak5 f prison & hang$4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr5* ,invasion4 #aa4 ,9 #afif ,new ,york 0 invad$ by ! ,fr5*4 ,b !y 7 soon driv5 back by ! ,engli% & ,iroquois4 ,be=e a second invasion c\ld be und]tak51 ,k+ ,william's ,w> 0 end$4 ,9 #afig ! ,iri% e>l ( ,bellomont became gov]nor4 ,8 adm9i/ration 0 ! happie/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! colony4 ,massa*usetts & ,new ,hamp%ire 7 "u 8 jurisdiction1 b ,connecticut & ,rhode ,isl& rema9$ indep5d5t4 #ab4 ,to ,bellomont's adm9i/ration belongs ! /ory ( ,capta9 ,william ,kidd1 ! pirate4 ,a vessel 0 fitt$ out by a company ( di/+ui%$ ,engli%m5 to protect ! comm]ce ( ,great ,brita9 & to puni% piracy4 ,gov]nor ,bellomont 0 "o ( ! proprietors1 & ,kidd receiv$ a commission z capta94 ,! %ip sail$ f ,engl& be=e ,bellomont's dep>ture = ,new ,york4 ,soon ! news came t ,kidd himself _h turn$ pirate & become ! t]ror ( ! seas4 ,= two ye>s he cont9u$ 8 c>e]1 !n appe>$ publicly 9 ! /reets ( ,bo/on1 0 seiz$1 s5t to ,engl&1 tri$1 convict$1 & hang$4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,york & ,new ,j]sey ,unit$4 #ac4 ,9 ,may ( #agjb ,bellomont 0 sup]s$$ by ,"l ,cornbury4 ,a mon? previ\sly ! proprietors ( ,new ,j]sey _h surr5d]$ _! prov9ce to ! ,engli% ,cr[n4 ,all ob/acles be+ ?us remov$1 ! two colonies 7 =mally unit$ 9 "o gov]nm5t "u ,cornbury4 ,= ?irty-six ye>s ! two prov9ces cont9u$ "u ! jurisdiction ( a s+le gov]nor4 #ad4 ,9 #agcb1 ,new ,york 0 tr\bl$ ) a dispute ab\t ! fre$om ( ! press4 ,! lib]al p>ty ( ! prov9ce held t a public j\rnal might criticise ! acts ( ! adm9i/ration4 ,! ari/ocratic p>ty oppos$ su* lib]ty z dang]\s to good gov]nm5t4 ,z5g]1 an editor :o publi%$ criticisms on ! gov]nor1 0 seiz$ & put 9 prison4 ,great excitem5t ensu$4 ,! p prais$ _! *ampion4 ,&rew ,hamilton1 a lawy] ( ,philadelphia1 w5t to ,new ,york to def5d ,z5g]1 :o 0 br\ght to trial 9 ,july ( #agce4 ,! cause 0 he>d1 & ! jury br\ght 9 a v]dict ( acquittal4 ,! ald]m5 ( ,new ,york1 9 ord] to te/ify _! appreciation ( ,hamilton's s]vices1 made him a pres5t ( an elegant gold box1 & ! p 7 en?usia/ic ov] _! victory4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,negro ,plot4 #ae4 ,9 ! ye> #agda occurr$ :at is kn[n z ,,! ,,negro ,,plot4 ,negroes con/itut$ a l>ge fraction ( ! p4 ,sev]al fires occurr$1 & ! slaves 7 suspect$ ( hav+ k9dl$ !m2 n[ !y became fe>$ & hat$4 ,a rumor 0 />t$ t ! negroes _h made a plot to burn ! city1 & set up "o ( _! own numb] z gov]nor4 ,! rew>d ( fre$om 0 (f]$ to any slave :o w\ld reveal ! plot4 ,_m witnesses ru%$ =w>d2 ! jails 7 fill$ ) ! accus$2 & m ?an ?irty ( ! mis]able creatures1 ) h>dly ! =m ( a trial1 7 convict$ & !n hang$ or burn$ to dea?4 ,o!rs 7 transport$ & sold z slaves 9 =eign l&s4 ,z soon z ! excitem5t _h subsid$1 x came to be d\bt$ :e!r ! :ole affair _h n be5 ! result ( t]ror & fanaticism4 ,! v]dict ( aft] times has be5 t !re 0 no plot at all4 #af4 ,su* is ! hi/ory ( ! little colony plant$ on ,manhattan ,isl&4 ,a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s _h pass$ s9ce ! fir/ feeble settlem5ts 7 made2 ! valley ( ! ,hudson 0 fill$ ) f>ms & villages4 ,! ,walloons ( ,fl&]s & ! ,puritans ( ,new ,engl& _h bl5d$ into "o p4 ,discord & cont5tion _h only result$ 9 colonial lib]ty4 ,!re 7 o!r /ruggles ?r\gh :i* ! sons ( ,new ,york _h to pass be=e !y ga9$ _! fre$om4 ,b ! olde/ & greate/ ( ! ,middle ,colonies _h ent]$ ^u a glori\s c>e]1 & ! f\ndations ( an ,,empire ,,/ate 7 laid4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,connecticut1 ,,rhode ,,isl&1 ,,& ,,new ,,hamp%ire4 ,sid5ote3 ,rival ,claims to ,connecticut4 ,! hi/ory ( ,connecticut beg9s ) ! ye> #afcj4 ,! fir/ grant ( ! t]ritory 0 made by ! c\ncil ( ,plym\? to ! e>l ( ,w>wick2 & 9 ,m>*1 #afca1 ! claim 0 transf]r$ by him to ,"l ,say-&-,seal1 ,"l ,brooke1 & ,john ,hampd54 ,be=e a colony c\ld be plant$1 ! ,dut* ( ,new ,ne!rl& rea*$ ! ,connecticut & built a =t at ,h>t=d4 ,! p ( ,plym\? imm$iately s5t out a =ce to c\nt]act ?is movem5t ( _! rivals1 = ! t]ritorial claim ( ! ,puritans ext5d$ ov] ,connecticut & ov] ,new ,ne!rl& itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,e>ly ,settlem5ts 9 ,connecticut4 #b4 ,9 ,octob] ( #afce a colony ( sixty p]sons f ,bo/on settl$ at ,h>t=d1 ,w9dsor1 & ,we!rsfield4 ,e>li] 9 ! same ye> ! y\ng] ,w9?rop1 son ( ! gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts1 arriv$ 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,"u 8 direction a =t 0 built at ! m\? ( ! ,connecticut4 ,su* 0 ! f\nd+ ( ,saybrook1 nam$ 9 honor ( ,"l ,say-&-,seal & ,"l ,brooke4 #c4 ,to ! e>ly annals ( ,connecticut belongs ! sad /ory ( ,,! ,,pequod ,,w>4 ,! c\ntry we/ ( ! ,?ames 0 m ?ickly peopl$ ) savages ?an any o!r portion ( ,new ,engl&4 ,! w>like ,pequods 7 able to mu/] sev5 hundr$ w>riors4 ,! :ole =ce ( ! ,engli% did n am\nt to two hundr$ m54 ,b ! sup]ior numb]s ( ! savages 7 m ?an balanc$ by ! c\rage & weapons ( ! ,engli%4 ,9 ! ye> #afcc ! crew ( a trad+-vessel 7 murd]$ on ! banks ( ! ,connecticut4 ,an ,indian embassy w5t to ,bo/on to apologize2 a treaty 0 made1 & ! ,pequods ackn[l$g$ ! k+ ( ,engl&4 ,b soon !y began to violate ! treaty4 ,outrages 7 committ$1 & w> began 9 e>ne/4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pequod ,w>4 #d4 ,9 ?is /ate ( affairs ! ,pequods attempt$ to induce ! ,n>ragansetts & ! ,mohegans to jo9 9 a w> aga9/ ! ,engli%4 ,b ,rog] ,williams1 n[ 9 ,rhode ,isl&1 us$ 8 endeavors to ?w>t ! alliance4 ,emb>k+ alone 9 a canoe1 he cross$ ! bay to ! h\se ( ,canonicus1 k+ ( ! ,n>ragansetts4 ,!re he f\nd ! ambassadors ( ! ,pequods4 ,= ?ree days & nights1 at ! p]il ( 8 life1 he plead$ ) ,canonicus to reject ! proposals ( ! ho/ile tribe4 ,at la/ 8 ef=ts 7 successful1 & ! ,n>ragansetts vot$ to rema9 at peace4 ,! ,mohegans also reject$ ! propos$ alliance4 ,9 ! mean "t1 repeat$ acts ( viol5ce _h ar\s$ ! colony4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,may ! t[ns ( ,connecticut decl>$ w>4 ,sixty volunte]s 7 put "u comm& ( ,capta9 ,john ,mason1 ( ,h>t=d4 ,sev5ty ,mohegans jo9$ ! exp$ition2 & ,sir ,h5ry ,vane s5t ,capta9 ,und]hill ) tw5ty soldi]s f ,bo/on4 #e4 ,! desc5t f ,h>t=d to ,saybrook occupi$ "o day4 ,on ! #bj? ( ! mon? ! exp$ition pass$ ! m\? ( ! ,?ames2 "h 0 ! pr9cipal seat ( ! ,pequod nation4 ,:5 ! savages saw ! squadron g by !y set up %\ts ( exultation1 & p]suad$ !mselves t ! ,engli% 7 afraid to haz>d battle4 ,! fleet proce$$ quietly into ,n>ragansett ,bay4 ,"h ! troops l&$ & began _! m>* into ! c\ntry ( ! ,pequods4 #f4 ,on ! #be? ( ,may ! troops came )9 he>+ ( ! ,pequod =t4 ,! w>riors sp5t ! night 9 upro> & jubilee4 ,at two o'clock 9 ! morn+ ! ,engli% soldi]s rose f _! places ( concealm5t & ru%$ =w>d to ! =t4 ,a dog ran h[l+ among ! wigwams1 & ! w>riors sprang to arms4 ,! ,engli% leap$ ov] ! puny palisades & began ! "w ( dea?4 ,burn !m6 %\t$ ,mason1 seiz+ a flam+ mat1 & runn+ among ! cab9s2 & 9 a few m9utes ! wigwams 7 a %eet ( flame4 ,! ,engli% & ,mohegans ha/ily )drew4 ,sid5ote3 ,de/ruction ( ! ,pequods4 #g4 ,! savages ran r\nd & r\nd l wild bea/s 9 a burn+ circus4 ,if "o ( ! wret*$ creatures bur/ ?r\gh ! flames x 0 only to meet c]ta9 dea?4 ,! de/ruction 0 complete4 ,only sev5 w>riors escap$2 sev5 o!rs 7 made prison]s4 ,six hundr$ m51 wom51 & *ildr5 p]i%$1 ne>ly all be+ burn$ to dea?4 ,! remnants ( ! ,pequods 7 pursu$ into ! swamps we/ ( ,saybrook4 ,e wigwam 0 burn$ & e field laid wa/e4 ,two hundr$ fugitives 7 hunt$ to dea? or captivity4 ,! prison]s 7 di/ribut$ z s]vants among ! ,n>ragansetts1 or sold z slaves4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,hav5 ,f\nd$4 #h4 ,9 ! pursuit ( ! ,pequods1 ! ,engli% became acqua9t$ ) ! coa/ we/ ( ! m\? ( ! ,connecticut4 ,"h "s m5 ( ,bo/on t>ri$ ov] w9t]1 built cab9s1 & f\nd$ ,,new ,,hav54 ,9 ,june ( #afci ! m5 ( ,new ,hav5 held a conv5tion 9 a b>n1 & adopt$ ! ,bible = a con/itution4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 call$ ! ,h\se ( ,wisdom1 & none b *ur* memb]s 7 admitt$ to citiz5%ip4 #i4 ,9 #afdc ,connecticut became a memb] ( ! ,union ( ,new ,engl&4 ,new ,hav5 0 also admitt$2 & 9 ! next ye> ,saybrook 0 annex$ to ,connecticut4 ,9 #afej ,gov]nor ,/uyvesant met ! commission]s ( ! prov9ce at ,h>t=d1 & e/abli%$ ! we/]n b\nd>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,w9?rop secures a ,*>t]4 #aj4 ,on ! re/oration ( mon>*y 9 ,engl&1 ,connecticut recogniz$ ,k+ ,*>les z rightful sov]eign4 ,! y\ng] ,w9?rop 0 s5t z ambassador to ,london to procure a royal pat5t = ! colony4 ,he bore ) him a *>t] :i* _h be5 prep>$ by ! au?orities ( ,h>t=d4 ,"l ,say-&-,seal & ! e>l ( ,man*e/] l5t _! influ5ce to induce ! k+ to sign x4 ,w9?rop %[$ him a r+ :i* ,*>les ,i4 _h giv5 to ,w9?rop's gr&fa!r2 & ! tok5 s mov$ ! mon>*'s feel+s t 9 a c>eless mom5t he sign$ ! colonial *>t]--! mo/ lib]al & ample ev] grant$ by an ,engli% k+4 #aa4 ,:5 ,w9?rop return$ to ,connecticut he 0 *os5 gov]nor ( ! colony1 & cont9u$ 9 (fice = f\rte5 ye>s4 ,! civil in/itutions ( ! prov9ce 7 ! be/ 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,peace reign$4 ,dur+ ,k+ ,philip's ,w>1 ,connecticut 0 sav$ f invasion4 ,n a hamlet 0 burn$1 n a life lo/ )9 h] bord]s4 #ab4 ,9 ,octob] ( #afhg ,&ros1 n[ gov]nor ( all ,new ,engl&1 made 8 fam\s visit to ,h>t=d4 ,on ! day ( 8 arrival he invad$ ! assembly :ile 9 session1 seiz$ ! book ( m9utes1 & wrote ,,f9is at ! bottom ( ! page4 ,he !n dem&$ ! surr5d] ( ! colonial *>t]4 ,gov]nor ,treat plead$ e>ne/ly = ! pres]vation ( ! docum5t4 ,&ros 0 inexorable4 ,! %ades ( ev5+ fell4 ,h[ ,joseph ,wadswor? c>ri$ away & conceal$ ! preci\s p>*m5t has be5 told 9 ! hi/ory ( ,massa*usetts4 ,:5 ! gov]nm5t ( ,&ros 0 ov]?r[n1 ,connecticut1 ) ! o!r ,new ,engl& colonies1 rega9$ h] lib]ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,yale ,college ,f\nd$4 #ac4 ,i give ^! books = ! f\nd+ ( a college 9 ?is colony4 ,su* 7 ! words ( t5 m9i/]s :o1 9 #agjj1 assembl$ at ,bran=d1 ,new ,hav54 ,ea* ( !m1 z he utt]$ ! words1 deposit$ a few volumes on ! table :]e !y 7 sitt+2 su* 0 ! f\nd+ ( ,,yale ,,college4 ,9 #agjb ! s*ool 0 op5$ at ,saybrook1 :]e x cont9u$ = fifte5 ye>s1 & 0 !n remov$ to ,new ,hav54 ,"o ( ! mo/ lib]al patrons ( ! college 0 ,elihu ,yale1 f :om ! in/itution took its "n4 ,common s*ools already exi/$ 9 almo/ e village ( ,connecticut4 #ad4 ,! half c5tury prec$+ ! ,fr5* & ,indian w> 0 a "t ( prosp]ity 9 ! we/]n p>ts ( ,new ,engl&4 ,connecticut 0 especially favor$4 ,peace reign$ ?r\gh\t h] bord]s4 ,! f>m] reap$ 8 fields 9 *e]fulness & hope4 ,! me*anic made glad 8 du/y %op ) anecdote & song4 ,! m]*ant fe>$ no t>iff1 ! villag] no taxes4 ,want 0 unkn[n1 & paup]ism unhe>d (4 ,) few] d>k pages 9 h] hi/ory1 ,connecticut _h all ! l(ty purposes & noble virtues ( ,massa*usetts4 #ae4 ,9 ,june ( #afcf ! exil$ ,rog] ,williams left ! c\ntry ( ! ,wampanoags1 & pass$ d[n ! ,seekonk to ,n>ragansett ,riv]4 ,) 8 five companions he l&$ on ! we/]n bank1 pur*as$ ! soil ( ! ,n>ragansetts1 & laid ! f\ndations ( ,provid5ce4 ,o!r exiles jo9$ ! company4 ,new f>ms 7 laid out & new h\ses built4 ,"h1 at la/1 0 f\nd at ,,provid5ce ,,plantation a refuge = all ! p]secut$4 ,sid5ote3 ,provid5ce ,plantation4 #af4 ,! lead] ( ! new colony 0 a native ( ,wales2 born 9 #afjf2 lib]ally educat$ at ,cambridge4 ,he _h be5 ! fri5d ( ,milton1 & 0 a great hat] ( c]emonies4 ,he _h be5 exil$ to ,massa*usetts1 & 0 n[ exil$ by ,massa*usetts4 ,he br\ght to ! banks ( ! ,n>ragansett ! great doctr9es ( religi\s lib]ty & ! equal rights ( m54 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,new ,engl& ,kit*5 9 ! ,old5 ,"t4 #ag4 ,! beg9n+ ( civil gov]nm5t 9 ,rhode ,isl& 0 equally simple4 ,williams 0 ! natural rul] ( ! little prov9ce1 b he res]v$ = himself no weal?1 no privilege4 ,! l&s1 pur*as$ f ,canonicus1 7 freely di/ribut$ among ! coloni/s4 ,only two small fields 7 kept by ! f\nd] = himself4 ,all ! p[]s ( ! gov]nm5t 7 intru/$ to ! p4 ,a simple agreem5t 0 made by ! settl]s t 9 matt]s n affect+ ! consci5ce !y w\ld yield ob$i5ce to su* rules z ! majority might make = ! public good4 ,9 que/ions ( religion ! consci5ce %\ld be to e man a guide4 #ah4 ,! new gov]nm5t /ood ! te/ ( exp]i5ce4 ,provid5ce ,plantation _h peace & quiet4 ,x 0 f\nd t all religi\s sects c\ld live toge!r 9 h>mony4 ,miantonomah1 *ief ( ! ,n>ragansetts1 lov$ ,rog] ,williams z a bro!r4 ,x 0 8 fri5d%ip t enabl$ ,williams to notify ,massa*usetts ( ! ,pequod conspiracy1 & to defeat ! plans ( ! ho/ile nation4 ,?is good de$ induc$ 8 fri5ds at ,salem to make an ef=t to recall him f bani%m5t2 b 8 enemies prev5t$ 8 return4 ,illu/ration3 ,/one ,t[] at ,newport4 ,sid5ote3 ,plantation ( ,rhode ,isl&4 #ai4 ,9 #afci a settlem5t 0 made at ,portsm\?1 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! isl&1 & at ! same "t a p>ty ( coloni/s remov$ to ! s\?we/]n "p ( ! isl&1 & laid ! f\ndations ( ,,newport4 ,9 sight ( ?is la/-nam$ settlem5t /ood ! old /one t[]1 a monum5t built by ! ,norsem54 ,9 ,m>* ( #afda a public meet+ 0 conv5$2 ! citiz5s came toge!r on t]ms ( equality1 & ! task ( fram+ a con/itution 0 und]tak54 ,9 ?ree days ! in/rum5t 0 complet$4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 decl>$ to be a ,,democracie4 ,! supreme au?ority 0 lodg$ ) ! freem5 ( ! isl&4 ,! vote ( ! majority %\ld always rule4 ,no "o %\ld be di/ress$ on acc\nt ( religi\s doctr9e4 ,! little republic 0 nam$ ! ,,plantation ,,( ,,rhode ,,isl&4 #bj4 ,9 #afdc ,provid5ce & ,rhode ,isl& 7 refus$ admission into ! ,union ( ,new ,engl&4 ,soon aft]w>d ,rog] ,williams 0 s5t to ,london to procure a *>t] = ! new colonies4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,m>* 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! pat5t 0 grant$1 & ,rhode ,isl& became an indep5d5t commonweal?4 ,) b few & brief int]ruptions x enjoy$ peace & prosp]ity4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! illu/ri\s f\nd] became ! pr9ciples ( ! commonweal?4 ,! r5[n ( ,rhode ,isl& has n be5 9 va/ness ( t]ritory1 9 mighty cities1 or 9 victori\s armies1 b 9 devotion to tru?1 ju/ice1 & fre$om4 ,sid5ote3 ,prov9ce ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 #ba4 ,9 #afbb ! t]ritory betwe5 ! ,m]rimac & ! ,k5nebec 0 grant$ by ! c\ncil ( ,plym\? to ,sir ,f]d9& ,gorges & ,john ,mason4 ,! proprietors made ha/e to secure _! new doma9 by actual settlem5ts4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #afbc two small companies ( coloni/s 7 s5t out by ,mason & ,gorges to p _! prov9ce4 ,"o p>ty ( immigrants l&$ at ,little ,h>bor1 ne> ,portsm\?1 & began to build a village4 ,! o!r company proce$$ up /ream & laid ! f\ndations ( ,dov]4 ,) ! exception ( ,plym\? & ,weym\?1 ,portsm\? & ,dov] are ! olde/ t[ns 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,b ! progress ( ! settlem5ts 0 sl[2 = _m ye>s ! two villages 7 only fi%+ /ations4 ,9 #afbi ! "n ( ,,new ,,hamp%ire 0 giv5 to ! prov9ce4 ,v soon ,massa*usetts began to urge h] rights to ! di/rict nor? ( ! ,m]rimac4 #bb4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,april1 #afdb1 ,new ,hamp%ire 0 unit$ ) ,massa*usetts4 ,! law re/rict+ ! rights ( citiz5%ip to *ur* memb]s 0 n ext5d$ ov] ! new prov9ce1 = ! p ( ,portsm\? & ,dov] belong$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,new ,hamp%ire 0 ! only colony ea/ ( ! ,hudson n orig9ally f\nd$ by ! ,puritans4 ,! union cont9u$ 9 =ce until #afgi1 :5 ,new ,hamp%ire 0 sep>at$ f ! jurisdiction ( ,massa*usetts1 & organiz$ z a di/9ct royal prov9ce4 ,edw>d ,cranfield 0 *os5 gov]nor4 #bc4 ,be=e 8 arrival ! sawy]s & lumb]m5 ( ! ,piscataqua conv5$ a g5]al assembly at ,portsm\?4 ,a resolution 0 pass$ by ! repres5tatives t no act1 law1 or ord9ance %\ld be valid unless made by ! assembly & approv$ by ! p4 ,:5 ! k+ he>d ( ?is resolution he decl>$ x to be bo? wick$ & absurd4 #bd4 ,( all ! colonies1 ,new ,hamp%ire suff]$ mo/ f ! ,indian w>s4 ,h] settlem5ts 7 con/antly expos$ to savage invasion4 ,dur+ ,k+ ,philip's ,w> ! suff]+ along ! fronti] 0 v great4 ,9 ! w>s ( ,william1 ,anne1 & ,george ! prov9ce 0 visit$ ) deva/ation & ru94 ,b 9 ! int]vals ( peace ! spirits ( ! p reviv$1 & ! h>dy settl]s return$ to _! wa/$ f>ms4 ,out ( ^! conflicts & trials came t /urdy race ( pione]s :o bore su* a h]oic "p 9 ! conte/s ( aft] ye>s4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,new ,,j]sey ,,& ,,p5nsylvania4 ,! hi/ory ( ,new ,j]sey beg9s ) ! f\nd+ ( ,elizabe?t[n1 9 #affd4 ,z e>ly z #afah1 a trad+-/ation _h be5 e/abli%$ at ,b]g52 b =ty ye>s pass$ be=e p]man5t dwell+s 7 built 9 t neighborhood4 ,sid5ote3 ,claims to ,new ,j]sey4 #b4 ,! t]ritory ( ,new ,j]sey 0 includ$ 9 ! grant made to ! duke ( ,york4 ,9 #affd t portion ( ! prov9ce ly+ betwe5 ! ,hudson & ! ,delaw>e1 ext5d+ z f> nor? z =ty-"o degrees & =ty m9utes1 0 assign$ to ,"l ,b]keley & ,sir ,george ,c>t]et4 ,j aft] ! conque/1 a company ( ,puritans receiv$ a grant ( l& on ,new>k ,bay4 ,! ,indian titles 7 pur*as$2 9 ! foll[+ ,octob] a village 0 begun & nam$ ,elizabe?t[n4 #c4 ,9 ,augu/ ( #affe ,philip ,c>t]et arriv$ z gov]nor4 ,elizabe?t[n 0 made ! capital ( ! colony2 ,new>k 0 f\nd$2 fl\ri%+ hamlets appe>$ on ! %ores ( ! bay z f> s\? z ,s&y ,hook4 ,9 honor ( ,sir ,george ,c>t]et1 :o _h be5 gov]nor ( ! ,isle ( ,j]sey1 8 ,am]ican doma9 0 nam$ ,,new ,,j]sey4 ,9 #affh ! fir/ assembly conv5$ at ,elizabe?t[n4 ,! repres5tatives 7 ,puritans1 & ! laws ( ,new ,engl& 7 repeat$ 9 ! legislation ( ! colony4 #d4 ,aft] ! conque/ ( ,new ,york by ! ,dut*1 & ! re/oration ( ! prov9ce to ,engl&1 ! duke ( ,york receiv$ f ! k+ a second pat5t = ! c\ntry betwe5 ! ,connecticut & ! ,delaw>e4 ,at ! same "t he confirm$ 8 =m] grant ( ,new ,j]sey to ,b]keley & ,c>t]et4 ,b soon aft]w>ds ,sir ,edmund ,&ros 0 appo9t$ royal gov]nor ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,c>t]et def5d$ 8 claim aga9/ ,&ros2 b ,b]keley sold 8 int]e/ 9 ,new ,j]sey to ,john ,f5wick1 to be held 9 tru/ = ,edw>d ,byll+e1 :o aft] a "t made an assignm5t ( 8 prop]ty to ,gaw5 ,laurie1 ,ni*olas ,lucas1 & ,william ,p5n4 ,sid5ote3 ,division ( ,new ,j]sey4 #e4 ,^! m5 7 ,quak]s4 ,"h1 !n1 0 an opportunity to e/abli% an asylum = ! p]secut$ ,fri5ds4 ,p5n & 8 associates appli$ to ,sir ,george ,c>t]et = a division ( ! prov9ce4 ,x 0 accord+ly agre$ to divide ,new ,j]sey s t ,c>t]et's di/rict %\ld be sep>at$ f t ( ! ,quak]s4 ,! l9e ( division 0 drawn f ! s\!rn po9t ( l& on ! ea/ side ( ,little ,egg ,h>bor to a po9t on ! ,delaw>e 9 ! latitude ( =ty-"o degrees & =ty m9utes4 ,! t]ritory ly+ ea/ ( ?is l9e rema9$ to ,sir ,george z sole proprietor1 & 0 nam$ ,,ea/ ,,j]sey2 :ile t portion ly+ betwe5 ! l9e & ! ,delaw>e 0 call$ ,,we/ ,,j]sey1 & pass$ "u ! control ( ,p5n4 ,illu/ration3 ,middle ,colonies4 #f4 ,e>ly 9 ! foll[+ ,m>* ! ,quak] proprietors publi%$ a code ( laws call$ ,,! ,,concessions4 ,! con/itution rival$ ! *>t] ( ,connecticut 9 ! lib]ality ( its pr9ciples4 ,! au?ors ( ! in/rum5t !n address$ ! ,quak]s ( ,engl&1 recomm5d+ ! prov9ce & invit+ immigration4 ,be=e ! end ( ! ye> a colony ( m ?an f\r hundr$ ,fri5ds f\nd homes 9 ,we/ ,j]sey4 ,an ef=t 0 n[ made by ! proprietors ( ,ea/ ,j]sey to secure a de$ ( release f ! duke ( ,york4 ,! petition 0 grant$1 & ! :ole t]ritory 0 fre$ f =eign au?ority4 #g4 ,9 ,novemb] ( #afha ,j5n+s1 ! deputy-gov]nor ( ,we/ ,j]sey1 conv5$ ! fir/ g5]al assembly4 ,! ,quak]s n[ met toge!r to make _! own laws4 ,! ,concessions 7 reaffirm$4 ,m5 ( all races & religions 7 decl>$ to be equal4 ,imprisonm5t = debt 0 =bidd54 ,! sale ( ard5t spirits to ! ,r$ m5 0 prohibit$4 ,taxes %\ld be vot$ by ! repres5tatives ( ! p4 ,! l&s ( ! ,indians %\ld be acquir$ by pur*ase4 ,f9ally1 a crim9al might be p>don$ by ! p]son aga9/ :om ! (f5se 0 committ$4 ,sid5ote3 ,quak]s pur*ase ,ea/ ,j]sey4 #h4 ,9 #afhb ,william ,p5n & elev5 o!r ,fri5ds pur*as$ ! prov9ce ( ,ea/ ,j]sey4 ,! :ole ( ,new ,j]sey 0 n[ held by ! ,fri5ds4 ,9 #afhe ,james ,,ii4 appo9t$ ,edmund ,&ros royal gov]nor ( ! colonies f ,ma9e to ,delaw>e4 ,9 #afhh ! ,j]seys 7 br\ght "u 8 jurisdiction4 ,:5 ! news came ( ! abdication ( ! ,engli% mon>*1 ,&ros c\ld d no?+ b surr5d] to ! indignant p4 #i4 ,b ! condition ( ,new ,j]sey 0 deplorable4 ,x 0 almo/ impossible to tell to :om ! t]ritory rightfully belong$4 ,f9ally1 9 ,april ( #agjb1 all propriet>y claims be+ waiv$ 9 favor ( ! k+1 ! t]ritory betwe5 ! ,hudson & ! ,delaw>e became a royal prov9ce4 #aj4 ,new ,j]sey 0 n[ atta*$ to ! gov]nm5t ( ,"l ,cornbury ( ,new ,york4 ,b ea* prov9ce reta9$ its own legislative assembly & a di/9ct organization4 ,?is me?od ( gov]nm5t cont9u$ = ?irty-six ye>s1 & 0 !n end$ by ! action ( ! p4 ,9 #agbh ! repres5tatives ( ,new ,j]sey s5t a petition to ,george ,,ii41 pray+ = a sep>ation ( ! two colonies4 ,t5 ye>s lat] ! ef=t 0 r5ew$ & br\ght to a successful issue4 ,new ,j]sey 0 made indep5d5t1 & ,lewis ,morris receiv$ a commission z royal gov]nor ( ! prov9ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,j]sey a ,royal ,prov9ce4 #aa4 ,! ,quak]s 7 greatly enc\rag$ ) ! success ( _! colonies 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,= m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury !y _h be5 buffet$ ) p]secutions4 ,b imprisonm5t & exile _h n abat$ _! zeal4 ,! b5evol5t _s ( ,p5n urg$ him to f9d = 8 p an asylum 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,9 ,june ( #afhj he appeal$ to ,k+ ,*>les = ! privilege ( f\nd+ a ,quak] commonweal? 9 ,am]ica4 ,sid5ote3 ,p5nsylvania4 #ab4 ,! petition 0 he>d ) favor4 ,on ! #e? ( ,m>*1 #afha1 a *>t] 0 grant$ by ,*>les ,,ii41 & ,william ,p5n became ! proprietor ( ,,p5nsylvania4 ,! va/ doma9 embrac$ "u ! new pat5t 0 b\nd$ on ! ea/ by ! ,delaw>e1 ext5d$ nor? & s\? ov] ?ree degrees ( latitude1 & we/w>d ?r\gh five degrees ( longitude4 ,! ?ree c\nties ( ,delaw>e 7 res]v$ = ! duke ( ,york4 ,)9 a mon? f ! date ( 8 *>t]1 ,p5n publi%$ a gl[+ acc\nt ( 8 new c\ntry1 promis+ fre$om ( consci5ce1 & invit+ emigration4 ,dur+ ! summ] ?ree %iploads ( ,quak]s left ,engl& = ! l& ( promise4 #ac4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #afha-hb1 ,p5n drew up a con/itution = 8 p4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! duke ( ,york _h surr5d]$ 8 claim to ! ?ree c\nties on ! ,delaw>e4 ,! :ole c\ntry on ! we/ bank ( ! riv]1 f ,cape ,h5lop5 to ! =ty-?ird degree ( latitude1 0 n[ transf]r$ to ,p5n1 :o1 ) a l>ge company ( emigrants1 l&$ at ,new ,ca/le on ! #bg? ( ,octob]1 #afhb4 ,sid5ote3 ,william ,p5n4 #ad4 ,,william ,,p5n 0 born on ! #ad? ( ,octob]1 #afdd4 ,he 0 ! olde/ son ( ,sir ,william ,p5n ( ! ,briti% navy4 ,at ! age ( twelve he 0 s5t to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 :]e he di/+ui%$ himself z a /ud5t until he 0 expell$ on acc\nt ( 8 religion4 ,aft]w>ds he travel$ on ! ,cont95t1 & !n became a /ud5t ( law at ,london4 ,= a :ile he 0 a soldi]1 & 0 !n conv]t$ to ! ,quak] fai?4 ,8 fa!r drove him out ( doors1 b he 0 n to be turn$ f 8 c\rse4 ,he proclaim$ ! doctr9es ( ! ,fri5ds2 0 arre/$ & imprison$1 fir/ 9 ! ,t[] ( ,london1 & aft]w>d at ,newgate4 ,despair+ ( tol]ation 9 ,engl&1 he ca/ 8 gaze across ! ,atlantic4 ,we/ ,j]sey 0 pur*as$2 ,p5nsylvania 0 grant$ by ,k+ ,*>les2 & n[ ,p5n himself arriv$ 9 ,am]ica to f\nd a gov]nm5t on ! basis ( peace4 ,illu/ration3 ,william ,p5n4 ,sid5ote3 ,treaty ( ,%ackamaxon4 #ae4 ,! ,quak] gov]nor deliv]$ an affectionate address to ! cr[d ( ,sw$es1 ,dut*1 & ,engli% :o came to greet him4 ,8 pl$ges ( a lib]al gov]nm5t 7 r5ew$1 & ! p 7 exhort$ to sobriety & hone/y4 ,fri5dly relations 7 e/abli%$ betwe5 ! ,fri5ds & ,r$ m54 ,a great conf]5ce1 appo9t$ ) ! sa*ems ( ! neighbor+ tribes1 0 held on ! banks ( ! ,delaw>e4 ,p5n decl>$ 8 bro!rly affection = ! ,indians4 ,/&+ be=e !m1 clad 9 ! simple g>b ( ! ,quak]s1 he said3--,,my ,,fri5ds3 ,we h met on ! broad pa?way ( good fai?4 ,we are all "o fle% & blood4 ,be+ bre?r51 no advantage %all be tak5 on ei!r side4 ,:5 disputes arise1 we w settle !m 9 c\ncil4 ,betwe5 u !re %all be no?+ b op5ness & love4 ,! *iefs repli$3 ,:ile ! riv]s run & ! sun %9es we w live 9 peace ) ! *ildr5 ( ,william ,p5n4 ,& ! treaty 0 sacr$ly kept4 ,! ,quak] hat & coat prov$ to be a bett] def5se ?an coat-(-mail & musket4 #af4 ,9 ,febru>y ( #afhc ! native *e/nuts1 walnuts & elms 7 blaz$ to indicate ! l9es ( ! /reets1 & ,,philadelphia 0 f\nd$4 ,)9 a mon? a g5]al assembly 0 9 session at ! new capital4 ,a democratic =m ( gov]nm5t 0 adopt$4 ,! gr[? ( ,philadelphia 0 a/oni%+4 ,9 #afhc !re 7 only ?ree or f\r h\ses4 ,9 #afhe ! city conta9$ six hundr$ h\ses2 ! s*oolma/] _h come1 & ! pr9t+-press _h begun its "w4 ,9 ano!r ye> ,philadelphia _h outgr[n ,new ,york4 ,9 ,augu/ ( #afhd ,p5n took leave ( 8 colony & sail$ = ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,secession ( ,delaw>e4 #ag4 ,no?+ occurr$ to di/urb ! peace ( ,p5nsylvania until ! secession ( ,delaw>e 9 #afia4 ,! ?ree l[] c\nties1 :i* _h be5 unit$ on t]ms ( equality ) ! six c\nties ( ,p5nsylvania1 became dissatisfi$ ) "s acts ( ! assembly & insi/$ on a sep>ation4 ,! proprietor gave cons5t2 ,delaw>e )drew f ! union1 & receiv$ a sep>ate deputy-gov]nor4 #ah4 ,9 ,decemb] ( #afii ,p5n visit$ 8 ,am]ican commonweal?1 & drew up ano!r con/itution1 m lib]al ?an ! fir/4 ,b ,delaw>e w\ld n accept ! new =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,9 #agjb ! assemblies ( ! two prov9ces sat ap>t2 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,delaw>e & ,p5nsylvania 7 f9ally sep>at$4 #ai4 ,9 ,july ( #agah ! f\nd] ( ,p5nsylvania sank to re/4 ,8 e/ates1 va/ & valuable1 7 bequea!d to 8 ?ree sons1 ,john1 ,?omas1 & ,ri*>d4 ,by !m1 or _! deputies1 ,p5nsylvania 0 gov]n$ until ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,9 ! ye> #aggi ! claims ( ! ,p5n family 7 pur*as$ by ! legislature ( ,p5nsylvania = a hundr$ & ?irty ?\s& p\nds4 #bj4 ,! colonial hi/ory ( ! ,/ate f\nd$ by ,p5n is "o ( special int]e/ & pleasure4 ,x is a n>rative ( ! victories ( peace1 & ( ! triumph ( peaceful pr9ciples ov] viol5ce & wrong4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! hi/ory ( any o!r colony 9 ! _w is t\*$ ) s _m traits ( innoc5ce & tru?4 ,i w f\nd a free colony = all mank9d1 7 ! words ( ,william ,p5n4 ,h[ well 8 "w 0 done %all be told :5 ! bells ( 8 capital city %all r+ out ! glad notes ( ,,am]ican ,,indep5d5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,m>yl& ,,& ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a4 ,capta9 ,john ,smi? 0 ! fir/ :ite man to explore ! ,*esapeake4 ,9 #afba ,william ,clayborne1 an ,engli% surveyor1 0 s5t out by ! ,london ,company to make a map ( ! c\ntry ar\nd ! bay4 ,by ! second *>t] ( ,virg9ia t prov9ce includ$ all ( ! pres5t ,/ate ( ,m>yl&4 ,to explore & occupy ! c\ntry 0 an ent]prise ( ! highe/ importance to ! ,virg9ians4 ,9 ,may ( #afca ,clayborne 0 au?oriz$ to survey ! c\ntry z f> nor? z ! =ty-fir/ degree ( latitude1 & to e/abli% a trade ) ! ,indians4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #afcb he began 8 important "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ ,po/s 9 ,m>yl&4 #b4 ,! ent]prise 0 att5d$ ) success4 ,a trad+-po/ 0 e/abli%$ on ,k5t ,isl&1 & ano!r ne> ,havre de ,grace4 ,! ,*esapeake 0 explor$ & a trade op5$ ) ! natives4 ,! limits ( ,virg9ia 7 ab\t to be ext5d$ to ! bord]s ( ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,b1 9 ! mean "t1 religi\s p]secutions 7 prep>+ ! way = ! f\ndation ( a new ,/ate 9 ! wild]ness4 ,sir ,george ,calv]t1 a ,ca?olic nobleman ( ,york%ire1 bett] kn[n by 8 title ( ,,"l ,,baltimore1 0 de/9$ to become ! f\nd]4 #c4 ,9 #afbi he made a visit to ,virg9ia4 ,! g5]al assembly (f]$ him citiz5%ip1 b requir$ su* an oa? ( allegiance z no hone/ ,ca?olic c\ld take4 ,"l ,baltimore !reupon left ! n>r[-m9d$ legislators2 return$ to ,london2 drew up a *>t] = a new ,/ate on ! ,*esapeake1 & induc$ ,k+ ,*>les to sign x4 #d4 ,! provisions ( ! *>t] 7 ample4 ,no pref]5ce 0 giv5 to any p>ticul> religion4 ,! lives & prop]ty ( ! coloni/s 7 c>efully gu>d$4 ,arbitr>y taxation 0 =bidd54 ,! p[] ( mak+ ! laws 0 conc$$ to ! freem5 ( ! colony4 ,sid5ote3 ,"l ,baltimore's ,*>t]4 #e4 ,be=e ! pat5t c\ld receive ! seal ( /ate1 ,sir ,george ,calv]t di$4 ,8 title desc5d$ to 8 son ,cecil2 & ! *>t] 0 issu$ to him on ! #bj? ( ,june1 #afcb4 ,9 honor ( ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 wife ( ,*>les ,i41 ! "n ( ,,m>yl& 0 conf]r$ on ! new prov9ce4 ,9 ! fall ( #afcc a colony numb]+ two hundr$ p]sons 0 collect$4 ,leon>d ,calv]t1 a bro!r ( ,cecil1 0 appo9t$ to accompany ! coloni/s to ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,cecil ,calv]t1 ,"l ,baltimore4 #f4 ,9 ,m>* ( #afcd ! immigrants arriv$ at ,old ,po9t ,com=t4 ,!y proce$$ up ! bay & asc5d$ ! ,potomac4 ,f9d+ a half-des]t$ ,indian village at ! m\? ( ! ,/4 ,m>y's1 ! ,engli% mov$ into ! vacant huts4 ,! re/ ( ! t[n 0 pur*as$2 & ! "n ( ,,/4 ,,m>y',s 0 giv5 to ! colony4 ,fri5dly relations 7 e/abli%$ ) ! natives4 ,! ,indian wom5 taught ! wives ( ! ,engli% h[ to make cornbread1 & ! w>riors in/ruct$ ! coloni/s 9 ! art ( hunt+4 ,!re 0 nei!r anxiety nor want 9 ! colony4 ,)9 six mon?s ! settlem5t _h gr[n into great] prosp]ity ?an ,jame/[n _h rea*$ 9 z _m ye>s4 #g4 ,9 #afci a repres5tative gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,m>yl&4 ,hi!rto a sy/em ( democracy _h prevail$2 ea* freeman _h be5 all[$ a vote 9 det]m9+ ! laws4 ,:5 ! new delegates came toge!r1 a decl>ation ( rights 0 adopt$4 ,all ! lib]al pr9ciples ( ! colonial pat5t 7 reaffirm$4 ,! rights ( citiz5%ip 7 decl>$ to be ! same z ^? ( ! p ( ,engl&4 #h4 ,9 #afdb ,indian ho/ilities 7 begun on ! ,potomac4 ,b ! settlem5ts ( ,m>yl& 7 compact1 & no great suff]+ 0 occasion$4 ,9 #afdd ! savages agre$ to bury ! hat*et & to r5ew ! pl$ges ( fri5d%ip4 #i4 ,9 #afej ! legislature ( ,m>yl& 0 divid$ into two bran*es4 ,! rights ( ,"l ,baltimore 7 def9$ by law4 ,an act 0 pass$ decl>+ t no taxes %\ld be levi$ )\t ! cons5t ( ! assembly4 ,su* 0 ! condition ( affairs 9 ! colony ( ,m>yl& :5 ! ,commonweal? 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,conflict ) ,p>liam5t4 #aj4 ,9 #afea p>liam5t>y commission]s came to ,am]ica to assume control ( ,m>yl&4 ,/one1 ! deputy ( ,baltimore1 0 depos$ f (fice2 b 9 ! foll[+ ye> he 0 p]mitt$ to resume ! gov]nm5t4 ,9 ,april ( #afec he publi%$ a proclamation1 decl>+ t ! rec5t int]f]5ce _h be5 a rebellion4 ,clayborne !reupon collect$ a =ce 9 ,virg9ia1 drove ,/one out ( (fice1 & direct$ ! gov]nm5t himself4 #aa4 ,9 #afed a ,prote/ant assembly 0 conv5$ at ,patux5t4 ,! supremacy ( ,cromwell 0 ackn[l$g$1 & ! ,ca?olics 7 depriv$ ( ! protection ( ! laws4 ,civil w> ensu$4 ,gov]nor ,/one arm$ ! militia1 & seiz$ ! records ( ! colony4 ,a battle 0 f\ght ne> ,annapolis1 & ! ,ca?olics 7 defeat$1 ) a loss ( fifty m54 ,/one 0 tak5 prison]1 b 0 sav$ f dea? by ! fri5d%ip ( "s ( ! insurg5ts4 ,?ree ( ! ,ca?olics 7 tri$ & execut$4 #ab4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,cromwell1 ,m>yl& 0 decl>$ indep5d5t4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,m>*1 #affj1 ! rights ( ,"l ,baltimore 7 set aside1 & ! :ole p[] ( gov]nm5t 0 assum$ by ! ,h\se ( ,burgesses4 ,on ! re/oration ( mon>*y ! ,baltimores 7 aga9 recogniz$1 & ,philip ,calv]t 0 s5t out z gov]nor4 ,f #afge to #afia ,*>les ,calv]t 0 gov]nor ( ,m>yl&4 #ac4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,june1 #afia1 ! *>t] ( ,"l ,baltimore 0 tak5 away & a royal gov]nor appo9t$4 ,! ,episcopal ,*ur* 0 e/abli%$ by law4 ,religi\s tol]ation 0 aboli%$ & ! gov]nm5t adm9i/]$ on despotic pr9ciples4 ,?is condition ( affairs cont9u$ until #agae1 :5 ,que5 ,anne re/or$ ! heir ( ,"l ,baltimore to ! rights ( 8 family4 ,m>yl& rema9$ "u ! au?ority ( ! ,calv]ts until ! ,revolution4 ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5t ( ! ,c>ol9as4 #ad4 ,! fir/ ef=t to colonize ,nor? ,c>ol9a 0 made by ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh4 ,9 #afcj ! c\ntry 0 grant$ to ,sir ,rob]t ,hea?4 ,b1 aft] ?irty-?ree ye>s1 ! pat5t 0 revok$ by ! ,engli% k+4 ,! "n ( ,,c>ol9a _h be5 giv5 to ! c\ntry by ,john ,ribault1 9 #aefb4 ,! fir/ actual settlem5t 0 made on ! ,*[an ab\t ! ye> #afea4 ,9 #affa a company ( ,puritans settl$ on ,oldt[n ,creek4 ,9 #affc ,"l ,cl>5don1 & sev5 o!r noblem51 receiv$ a grant ( all ! c\ntry betwe5 ! ?irty-six? p>allel & ! riv] ,/4 ,john's4 #ae4 ,! "w ( prep>+ a frame ( gov]nm5t = ! new prov9ce 0 assign$ to ,sir ,a%ley ,coop]4 ,! philosoph] ,john ,locke 0 employ$ by him & 8 associates to prep>e ! con/itution4 ,f ,m>* until ,july ( #affi1 ,locke work$ away 9 draw+ up a plan :i* he call$ ,,! ,,gr& ,,model4 ,x conta9$ "o hundr$ & tw5ty articles2 & ?is 0 b ! beg9n+6 ,! empire ( ,c>ol9a 0 divid$ into di/ricts ( f\r hundr$ & eighty ?\s& acres ea*4 ,! (fices 7 divid$ betwe5 two gr& ord]s ( nobility4 #af4 ,all attempts to e/abli% ! new gov]nm5t end$ 9 failure4 ,b ! settl]s _h mean:ile le>n$ to gov]n !mselves4 ,!y grew prosp]\s by trad+ 9 /aves & furs2 & :5 ?is traffic 0 exhau/$1 !y began to remove to o!r settlem5ts4 #ag4 ,! p ( ! colony 7 greatly oppress$ ) taxes4 ,! trade ) ,new ,engl& alone 0 weigh$ d[n ) an annual duty ( twelve ?\s& doll>s4 ,a gloomy opposition to ! gov]nm5t prevail$2 & :51 9 #afgf1 l>ge numb]s ( refugees f ,virg9ia arriv$ 9 ,c>ol9a1 ! discont5t 0 k9dl$ into an insurrection4 ,! p seiz$ ,gov]nor ,mill] & 8 c\ncil1 & e/abli%$ a new gov]nm5t ( _! own4 ,john ,culpepp]1 ! lead] ( ! insurg5ts1 0 *os5 gov]nor4 ,9 #afgi ,mill] & 8 associates escap$ f conf9em5t & w5t to ,london4 ,gov]nor ,culpepp]1 :o foll[$ to def5d himself1 0 seiz$1 indict$ = treason1 tri$1 & acquitt$4 ,aft] a "t new settl]s came f ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&--,quak]s f ,new ,engl&1 ,hugu5ots f ,france1 & peasants f ,switz]l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,indian ,tr\bles4 #ah4 ,! ,indians ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a gradually wa/$ away4 ,"s ( ! nations 7 already ext9ct4 ,! l&s ( ! savages _h pass$ to ! :ites1 sometimes by pur*ase1 sometimes by fraud4 ,( all ! tribes ( ! ,c>ol9as1 only ! ,corees & ! ,tusc>oras 7 /ill =midable4 ,^! grew jeal\s & w5t to w> ) ! :ites4 #ai4 ,on ! night ( ! #bb;d ( ,septemb]1 #agaa1 ! savages fell ^u ! scatt]$ settlem5ts & murd]$ a hundr$ & ?irty p]sons4 ,civil diss5sions prev5t$ ! au?orities f adopt+ vigor\s measures ( def5ce4 ,b ,colonel ,b>nwell came f ,s\? ,c>ol9a ) a company ( militia & fri5dly ,indians2 & ! savages 7 driv5 into _! =t4 ,a treaty ( peace 0 made2 b1 on _! way homew>d1 ,b>nwell's m5 sack$ an ,indian village1 & ! w> 0 at once r5ew$4 #bj4 ,9 ! next ye>1 ,colonel ,moore ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a arriv$ ) a regim5t ( :ites & ,indians1 & ! ,tusc>oras 7 pursu$ to _! =t1 :i* 0 c>ri$ by assault4 ,eight hundr$ w>riors 7 tak5 prison]s4 ,! p[] ( ! ho/ile nation 0 brok52 & ! ,tusc>oras1 ab&on+ _! hunt+-gr\nds1 m>*$ across ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 & ,p5nsylvania1 jo9$ _! k9sm5 ( ,new ,york1 & became ! six? nation ( ! ,iroquois4 ,sid5ote3 ,sep>ation ( ! ,c>ol9as4 #ba4 ,9 #agbi a sep>ation 0 effect$ betwe5 ! two ,c>ol9as1 & a royal gov]nor 0 appo9t$ ov] ea*4 ,9 spite ( _m rev]ses1 ! nor!rn colony _h greatly prosp]$4 ,intellectual developm5t _h n be5 z rapid z ! gr[? 9 numb]s & weal?4 ,little att5tion _h be5 giv5 to que/ions ( religion4 ,!re 0 no m9i/] 9 ! prov9ce until #agjc4 ,two ye>s lat] ! fir/ *ur* 0 built4 ,! pr9t+-press did n beg9 its "w until #aged4 ,b ! p 7 brave & patriotic4 ,!y lov$ _! c\ntry1 & call$ x ! ,,l& ,,( ,,summ]4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,,& ,,georgia4 ,9 ,janu>y ( #afgj ! proprietors ( ,c>ol9a s5t out a colony "u comm& ( ,joseph ,we/ & ,william ,sayle4 ,on ! fir/ high l& ^u ! s\!rn bank ( ! ,a%ley ,riv] 7 laid ! f\ndations ( ,old ,*>le/on1 nam$ 9 honor ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,sayle _h be5 commission$ z gov]nor ( ! colony1 & he at once assum$ control4 ,sid5ote3 ,introduction ( ,slaves4 #b4 ,9 #afga he di$1 & ,we/ ent]$ ^u ! duties ( ! vacant (fice4 ,9 a few mon?s ,sir ,john ,yeamans1 :o _h be5 gov]nor ( ! nor!rn prov9ce1 0 commission$ z *ief magi/rate ( ! s\!rn colony4 ,he br\ght ) him to ,a%ley ,riv] a c>go ( ,african slaves4 ,?us ! labor ( ! black man 0 sub/itut$ = ! labor ( ! :ite man1 & 9 less ?an two ye>s slav]y 0 firmly e/abli%$4 ,! importation ( negroes w5t on s rapidly t soon ! negroes 7 twice z num]\s z ! :ite m54 #c4 ,dur+ ! ye> #afga ! c\ntry 0 rapidly fill$ ) p4 ,f]tile l&s 7 abundant4 ,w>s & pe/il5ce _h almo/ de/roy$ ! native tribes4 ,! proprietors ( ,c>ol9a s5t sev]al %ips to ,new ,york1 load$ !m ) ! discont5t$ p ( t prov9ce1 & br\ght !m to ,*>le/on4 ,*>les ,,ii4 collect$ a company ( ,prote/ant refugees 9 ,europe1 & s5t !m to ,c>ol9a to introduce ! silk-worm & to cultivate ! grape4 #d4 ,9 #afhj ! pres5t city ( ,*>le/on 0 f\nd$4 ,?irty dwell+s 7 erect$ dur+ ! fir/ summ]4 ,! village imm$iately became ! capital ( ! colony4 ,! unheal?y climate ret>d$ ! progress ( ! new t[n1 b ! p 7 full ( life & ent]prise4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr5* ,hugu5ots4 #e4 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel& s5t colonies to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,especially did ! ,fr5* ,hugu5ots come 9 great numb]s1 = !y 7 n[ p]secut$ 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,!y 7 met by ! proprietors ) a promise ( citiz5%ip2 b ! promise 0 n well kept1 = ! g5]al assembly claim$ ! "r ( fix+ ! conditions ( naturalization4 ,n until #afig 7 all discrim9ations aga9/ ! ,fr5* immigrants remov$4 #f4 ,9 ,april ( #afic ! proprietors ( ,c>ol9a annull$ ! ,gr& ,model1 & ,?omas ,smi? 0 appo9t$ gov]nor4 ,he 0 soon sup]s$$ by ,john ,ar*dale1 a di/+ui%$ ,quak]1 "u ^: adm9i/ration ! colony ent]$ ^u a new c>e] ( prosp]ity4 ,! quit-r5ts on l&s 7 remitt$ = f\r ye>s4 ,! ,indians 7 conciliat$ ) k9dness1 & ! ,hugu5ots protect$ 9 _! rights4 ,x 0 a real mis=tune :51 9 #afih1 ! good gov]nor 0 recall$ to ,engl&4 #g4 ,james ,moore 0 next commission$ z *ief magi/rate4 ,9 ,decemb] ( #agje he l$ an exp$ition aga9/ ! ,indians4 ,on ! #ad? ( ! mon? ! invad]s rea*$ a =tifi$ t[n ne> ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,! place 0 c>ri$ by assault1 & m ?an two hundr$ prison]s 7 tak54 ,on ! next day ,moore's =ces defeat$ a l>ge body ( ,indians & ,spani>ds4 ,five t[ns 7 c>ri$ 9 succession1 & ! ,engli% flag 0 borne to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 #h4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,gov]nor ,johnson's adm9i/ration1 an act 0 pass$ disfran*is+ all diss5t]s f ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 b ,p>liam5t vot$ t ! act 0 contr>y to ! laws ( ,engl&4 ,9 ,novemb] ( ! same ye> ! colonial legislature revok$ ! law2 b ,episcopalianism cont9u$ to be ! e/abli%$ fai? ( ! prov9ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,yamassee ,w>4 #i4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #agae ! ,yamassees rose ^u ! fronti] settlem5ts & committ$ an atroci\s massacre4 ,! desp]ate savages came )9 a %ort di/ance ( ! capital1 & ! :ole colony 0 ?reat5$ ) de/ruction4 ,b ,gov]nor ,crav5 ralli$ ! militia1 & ! savages 7 pursu$ to ! banks ( ! ,salkehat*ie4 ,"h a decisive battle 0 f\ght1 & ! ,indians 7 completely r\t$4 ,! ,yamassees collect$ _! tribe & retir$ into ,florida4 #aj4 ,at ! close ( ! w> ! assembly petition$ ! proprietors to be> a portion ( ! exp5se4 ,b !y refus$1 & w\ld take no measures = ! protection ( ! colony4 ,! p1 greatly burd5$ ) r5ts & taxes1 grew dissatisfi$ ) ! propriet>y gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! new election e delegate 0 *os5 by ! popul> p>ty4 ,:5 ,james ,moore1 ! new *ief magi/rate elect$ by ! p1 0 to be inaugurat$1 ,gov]nor ,johnson tri$ to prev5t ! c]emony4 ,b ! militia collect$ 9 ! public squ>e1 & be=e nightfall ! gov]nm5t ( ,c>ol9a 0 ov]?r[n4 ,gov]nor ,moore1 ! p's *oice1 0 duly inaugurat$ 9 ! "n ( ,k+ ,george ,i4 ,sid5ote3 ,becomes a ,royal ,prov9ce4 #aa4 ,/ill ano!r *ange 9 colonial affairs 0 n[ at h&4 ,9 #agbi sev5 ( ! proprietors ( ,c>ol9a sold _! claims 9 ! prov9ce to ! k+4 ,! sum paid by ,george ,,ii4 = ! two colonies 0 tw5ty-two ?\s& five hundr$ p\nds4 ,royal gov]nors 7 appo9t$1 & ! affairs ( ! prov9ce 7 settl$ on a p]man5t basis4 #ab4 ,! p :o coloniz$ ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7 brave & *ivalr\s4 ,! ,hugu5ot1 ! ,scot* ,presbyt]ian1 ! ,engli% diss5t]1 ! ,iri% adv5tur]1 & ! ,dut* me*anic1 compos$ ! mat]ial ( ! ,,palmetto ,,/ate4 ,equally ) ! ,puritans ( ! ,nor?1 ! ,s\? ,c>ol9ians 7 lov]s ( lib]ty4 ,! p became ! lead]s 9 polit5ess & honor betwe5 man & man4 ,sid5ote3 ,georgia ,*>t]$4 #ac4 ,georgia1 ! ?irte5? ,am]ican colony1 0 f\nd$ by ,james ,ogle?orpe1 an ,engli% philan?ropi/4 ,! laws ( ,engl& p]mitt$ imprisonm5t = debt4 ,?\s&s ( ,engli% labor]s 7 annually arre/$ & ?r[n into jail4 ,9 ord] to provide a refuge = ! poor & ! di/ress$1 ,ogle?orpe appeal$ to ,george ,,ii4 = ! privilege ( plant+ a colony 9 ,am]ica4 ,! petition 0 favorably he>d1 & on ! #i? ( ,june1 #agcb1 a *>t] 0 issu$ by :i* ! t]ritory betwe5 ! ,savannah & ,altamaha ,riv]s1 & we/w>d to ! ,pacific1 0 grant$ to a corporation1 to be held 9 tru/ = ! poor4 ,9 honor ( ! k+1 ! new prov9ce 0 nam$ ,,georgia4 ,sid5ote3 ,savannah ,f\nd$4 #ad4 ,ogle?orpe1 :o 0 a brave soldi] & a memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 0 ! pr9cipal memb] ( ! corporation4 ,to him 0 entru/$ ! lead]%ip ( ! fir/ colony to be plant$ on ! ,savannah4 ,by ! middle ( ,novemb] a hundr$ & tw5ty emigrants 7 ready to sail = ! ,new ,_w4 ,9 ,janu>y ( #agcc ! company 0 welcom$ at ,*>le/on4 ,fur!r s\? ! coloni/s ent]$ ! riv]1 & on ! #a/ ( ,febru>y laid ! f\ndations ( ,savannah4 ,illu/ration3 ,james ,ogle?orpe4 #ae4 ,! *ief ( ! ,yamacraws came f 8 cab9 to see ! new-com]s4 ,"h is a pres5t = y1 said he to ,ogle?orpe4 ,! pres5t 0 a buffalo robe pa9t$ ) ! head & fea!rs ( an eagle4 ,! fea!rs are s(t1 & signify love2 ! buffalo sk9 is ! emblem ( protection4 ,!re=e love u & protect u1 said ! old *iefta94 ,see+ ! advantages ( peace1 ,ogle?orpe invit$ a c\ncil at 8 capital4 ,! conf]5ce 0 held on ! #bi? ( ,may4 ,long ,k+1 ! sa*em1 spoke = all ! tribes4 ,! ,engli% 7 welcom$ to ! c\ntry4 ,gifts 7 made1 & ! gov]nor respond$ ) words ( fri5d%ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,ogle?orpe & ! ,yamacraw ,*ief4 #af4 ,! c\ncilors 9 ,engl& enc\rag$ emigration4 ,swiss peasants1 ,scot* ,highl&]s1 & ,g]man ,prote/ants all f\nd a home on ! ,savannah4 ,9 ,april ( #agcd1 ,ogle?orpe made a visit to ,engl&4 ,x 0 said 9 ,london t no colony 0 ev] be=e f\nd$ s wisely z ,georgia4 ,! c\ncilors prohibit$ ! importation ( rum4 ,traffic ) ! ,indians 0 regulat$ by a lic5se4 ,slav]y 0 positively =bidd54 ,:ile ! gov]nor 0 /ill abroad1 a company ( ,moravians arriv$ at ,savannah4 ,sid5ote3 ,com+ ( ! ,mission>ies4 #ag4 ,9 ,febru>y ( #agcf ,ogle?orpe came back ) a colony ( ?ree hundr$4 ,^! 7 also ,moravians1 p ( deep piety & f]v5t _s4 ,fir/ among !m 0 ,john ,wesley1 ! f\nd] ( ,me?odism4 ,he came to ,georgia to spread ! gospel & conv]t ! ,indians4 ,b he 0 doom$ to mu* disappo9tm5t 9 8 "w2 & aft] a resid5ce ( less ?an two ye>s he left ! colony4 ,8 bro!r1 ,*>les ,wesley1 came also z a secret>y to ,gov]nor ,ogle?orpe4 ,9 #agch ! fam\s ,george ,:itefield came1 & prea*$ ) fi]y eloqu5ce ?r\gh all ! colonies4 #ah4 ,mean:ile1 ,ogle?orpe1 anticipat+ w> ) ,florida1 began to =tify4 ,all ( ,georgia 0 embrac$ 9 ! ,spani% claim4 ,b ,ogle?orpe _h a *>t] = ! t]ritory z f> s\? z ! ,altamaha4 ,9 #agcf he asc5d$ ! ,savannah & built a =t at ,augu/a4 ,on ! nor? bank ( ! ,altamaha1 he built ,=t ,d>i54 ,on ,/4 ,simon's ,isl& a =tress 0 erect$ & nam$ ,fr$]ica4 ,! ,/4 ,john's 0 claim$ f ?is "t =? z ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ,georgia4 ,! gov]nor aga9 visit$ ,engl&1 & return$ ) a regim5t ( troops4 ,sid5ote3 ,w> ) ,spani% ,florida4 #ai4 ,9 ,octob]1 #agci1 ,engl& publi%$ a decl>ation ( w> aga9/ ,spa94 ,9 ! fir/ week ( ! foll[+ ,janu>y1 ,ogle?orpe invad$ ,florida1 & captur$ two =tifi$ t[ns4 ,soon1 ) a =ce ( m ?an a ?\s& m51 he m>*$ aga9/ ,/4 ,augu/9e1 b aft] a siege ( five weeks 0 compell$ to )draw4 #bj4 ,! ,spani>ds n[ det]m9$ to c>ry ! w> into ,georgia4 ,9 ,june ( #agdb a fleet ( ?irty-six vessels1 c>ry+ m ?an ?ree ?\s& troops1 sail$ f ,/4 ,augu/9e = ! r$uction ( ,=t ,william on ,cumb]l& ,isl&4 ,b ,ogle?orpe re9=c$ ! g>rison1 & !n fell back to ,fr$]ica4 ,! ,spani% vessels foll[$4 ,f ! s\!rn po9t ( ! isl& to ,fr$]ica1 ,ogle?orpe _h cut a road :i* lay betwe5 a morass & a =e/4 ,! ,spani>ds mu/ pass along ?is pa? to attack ! t[n4 #ba4 ,! ,engli% g5]al po/$ 8 m5 betwe5 ! swamp & ! =e/4 ,on ! #g? ( ,july ! enemy rea*$ ! pass1 7 fir$ on f ! ?icket1 & driv5 back 9 confusion4 ,! ma9 body ( ! ,spani% =ces press$ on into ! same position1 /ood firm = a :ile1 b 7 pres5tly r\t$ ) ! loss ( two hundr$ m54 ,! "n ( ,bloody ,m>% 0 giv5 to ?is battlefield4 ,)9 a week ! :ole ,spani% =ce reemb>k$ & sail$ = ,florida4 #bb4 ,! colony ( ,georgia 0 n[ firmly e/abli%$4 ,9 #agdc ,ogle?orpe dep>t$ = ,engl&1 aft] hav+ devot$ t5 ye>s to ! colony4 ,he _h nev] own$ a h\se nor possess$ an acre ( gr\nd 9 ! prov9ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,georgia a ,royal ,prov9ce4 #bc4 ,! regulations :i* ! c\ncilors = ,georgia _h adopt$ 7 poorly suit$ to ! wants ( ! colony4 ,! settl]s _h no titles to _! l&s4 ,e/ates c\ld desc5d only to ! olde/ sons ( families4 ,! coloni/s *>g$ _! pov]ty to ! fact t slave-labor 0 =bidd5 9 ! prov9ce4 ,! propriet>y laws became unpopul>4 ,! /atute exclud+ slav]y 0 n en=c$4 ,slaves began to be hir$1 fir/ = %ort t]ms ( s]vice1 !n = long] p]iods1 !n = "o hundr$ ye>s4 ,f9ally1 slaves 7 br\ght directly f ,africa & sold to ! plant]s bel[ ! ,savannah4 #bd4 ,! new ord] ( ?+s 0 ackn[l$g$ by ! c\ncilors2 & 9 ,june ( #ageb !y surr5d]$ _! pat5t to ! k+4 ,a royal gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$ ov] ! c\ntry1 & ! p 7 grant$ ! fre$om ( ,engli%m54 ,= "s "t ! progress ( ! colony 0 n equal to ! expectations ( its f\nd]1 b be=e ! ,revolution ,georgia _h become a gr[+ prov9ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,fr5* ,,& ,,indian ,,w>4 ,! "t came :5 ! ,am]ican colonies began to act toge!r4 ,! f9al /ruggle betwe5 ,france & ,engl& = colonial supremacy 9 ,am]ica 0 at h&4 ,necessity compell$ ! ,engli% colonies to jo9 9 a common cause aga9/ ! foe4 ,?is is ! conflict kn[n z ! ,,fr5* ,,& ,,indian ,,w>4 ,causes ( w> _h exi/$ = _m ye>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,causes ( ! ,w>4 #b4 ,! fir/ ( ^! causes 0 ! conflict+ t]ritorial claims ( ! two nations4 ,engl& _h coloniz$ ! sea-coa/2 ,france _h coloniz$ ! int]ior ( ! cont95t4 ,! ,engli% k+s claim$ ! c\ntry f "o ocean to ! o!r4 ,! ,fr5*1 h[ev]1 began to pu% _! way we/w>d & s\?w>d along ! great lakes to ! head-wat]s ( ! ,waba%1 ! ,ill9ois1 & ! ,/4 ,croix1 !n d[n ^! /reams to ! ,mississippi & ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,! purpose ( ! ,fr5* 0 to divide ! ,am]ican cont95t & take ! l>g] portion4 #c4 ,! ,fr5* soon e/abli%$ milit>y po/s at ,front5ac1 at ,niag>a1 at ! ,/raits ( ,mack9aw1 & on ! ,ill9ois4 ,be=e #agej1 settlem5ts _h be5 made on ! ,maumee1 at ,detroit1 at ,gre5 ,bay1 at ,v9c5nes1 at ,kaskaskia1 at ,nat*ez1 at ,new ,orleans1 & on ! ,bay ( ,biloxi4 ,at ?is "t ! only outpo/s ( ! ,engli% 7 a =t at ,oswego & a few cab9s 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ohio ,company4 #d4 ,! imm$iate cause ( ho/ilities 0 a conflict betwe5 ! fronti]sm5 ( ! two nations 9 ! ,ohio valley4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! intrusion ( ! ,fr5* fur-trad]s into ?is c\ntry1 a numb] ( ,virg9ians jo9$ !mselves toge!r 9 a body call$ ! ,,ohio ,,company4 ,9 ,m>* ( #agdi1 !y receiv$ f ,george ,,ii4 a l&-grant ( five hundr$ ?\s& acres1 locat$ betwe5 ! ,kana:a & ! ,monongahela4 ,b be=e ! company c\ld s5d out a colony1 ! gov]nor ( ,canada dispat*$ ?ree hundr$ m5 to occupy ! valley ( ! ,ohio4 ,9 ! next ye>1 h[ev]1 ! ,ohio ,company s5t out an explor+ p>ty "u ,*ri/oph] ,gi/1 :o trav]s$ ! c\ntry & return$ to ,virg9ia 9 #agea4 #e4 ,?is exp$ition 0 foll[$ by vigor\s movem5ts ( ! ,fr5*4 ,!y built a =t call$ ,le ,buf1 on ,fr5* ,creek1 & ano!r nam$ ,v5ango1 on ! ,alleghany4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ! c\ntry s\? ( ! ,ohio 0 aga9 explor$ by ,gi/ & a p>ty ( arm$ surveyors4 #f4 ,! ,indians 7 greatly al>m$ at ! prospect4 ,!y r favor$ ! ,engli% cause1 b _! allegiance 0 unc]ta94 ,9 ! spr+ ( #agec1 ! ,miami tribes1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ! ,half-,k+1 met ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 at ,c>lisle1 ,p5nsylvania1 & made a treaty ) ! ,engli%4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton s5t to ,/4 ,pi]re4 #g4 ,be=e proce$+ to actual w>1 ,gov]nor ,d9widdie det]m9$ to try a f9al remon/rance ) ! ,fr5*4 ,a pap] 0 drawn up sett+ =? ! nature ( ! ,engli% claim to ! valley ( ! ,ohio1 & w>n+ ! au?orities ( ,france aga9/ fur!r intrusion4 ,a "y surveyor1 nam$ ,,george ,,wa%+ton1 0 call$ ^u to c>ry ?is pap] f ,williamsburg1 ,virg9ia1 to ,g5]al ,/4 ,pi]re at ,presque ,isle1 on ,lake ,erie4 #h4 ,on ! la/ day ( ,octob]1 #agec1 ,wa%+ton set out on 8 j\rney4 ,he 0 att5d$ by f\r comrades besides an int]pret] & ,*ri/oph] ,gi/1 ! guide4 ,at ,log/[n1 ,wa%+ton held a c\ncil ) ! ,indians1 & !n press$ on to ,=t ,le ,buf4 ,"h ! conf]5ce 0 held ) ,/4 ,pi]re4 ,wa%+ton 0 receiv$ ) c\rtesy1 b ! g5]al ( ! ,fr5* 0 act+1 he said1 "u milit>y in/ructions1 & w\ld eject e ,engli%man f ! valley ( ! ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,wa%+ton's ,r\te to ,ft4 le ,boeuf4 #i4 ,wa%+ton soon took leave ( ! ,fr5*1 & return$ to ,v5ango4 ,!n1 ) ,gi/ z 8 sole companion1 he left ! riv] & /ruck into ! woods4 ,clad 9 ! robe ( an ,indian2 sleep+ ) froz5 clo!s on a b$ ( p9e-bru%2 guid$ at night by ! ,nor? ,/>2 fir$ at by a pr[l+ savage f 8 cov]t2 lodg+ on an isl& 9 ! ,alleghany until ! riv] 0 froz5 ov]2 plung+ aga9 into ! =e/1 ! "y ambassador came back )\t w\nd or sc> to ! capital ( ,virg9ia4 ,! answ] ( ,/4 ,pi]re 0 laid be=e ! gov]nor1 & ! fir/ public s]vice ( ,wa%+ton 0 end$4 ,sid5ote3 ,engli% po/ on ! ,ohio4 #aj4 ,9 ! mean "t ! ,ohio ,company _h s5t ?irty-?ree m51 "u comm& ( ,tr5t1 to erect a =t at ! s\rce ( ! ,ohio4 ,9 ,m>*1 #aged1 !y built ! fir/ rude block-h\se on ! site ( ,pittsburgh4 ,aft] all ! ?reats ( ! ,fr5*1 ! ,engli% _h beat5 !m 9 seiz+ ! key to ! ,ohio valley4 #aa4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 ,fr5* boats came d[n ! riv]2 & ,tr5t 0 oblig$ to surr5d]4 ,wa%+ton 0 n[ /ation$ at ,alex&ria to enli/ recruits4 ,b x 0 too late to save ,tr5t's m5 f capture4 ,! ,fr5* imm$iately occupi$ ! po/1 built b>racks & laid ! f\ndations ( ,,=t ,,du ,,quesne4 ,to retake ?is place ,colonel ,wa%+ton set out f ,w's ,creek 9 ,may ( #aged4 ,! possession ( ! disput$ t]ritory 0 n[ to be det]m9$ by w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle at ,great ,mead[s4 #ab4 ,wa%+ton1 ) 8 little army ( ,virg9ians1 0 commission$ to build a =t at ! s\rce ( ! ,ohio1 & to repel all :o int]rupt$ ! ,engli% settlem5ts 9 t c\ntry4 ,9 ,april ! "y comm&] left ,w's ,creek1 & on ! #bf? ( ,may ! ,engli% rea*$ ! ,great ,mead[s4 ,"h ,wa%+ton 0 in=m$ t ! ,fr5* 7 on ! m>* to attack him4 ,a /ockade 0 imm$iately erect$1 & nam$ ,=t ,necessity4 ,wa%+ton det]m9$ to /rike ! fir/ bl[4 ,two ,indians foll[$ ! trail ( ! enemy1 & discov]$ _! hid+-place4 ,! ,fr5* 7 on ! al]t1 & flew to arms4 ,fire6 0 ! comm& ( ,wa%+ton2 & ! fir/ volley ( a great w> w5t fly+ ?r\gh ! =e/4 ,! engagem5t 0 brief & decisive4 ,jumonville1 ! lead] ( ! ,fr5*1 & t5 ( 8 p>ty1 7 kill$1 & tw5ty-"o 7 made prison]s4 #ac4 ,be=e advanc+ f>!r1 ,wa%+ton wait$ = re9=cem5ts4 ,only "o company ( volunte]s arriv$4 ,8 :ole =ce numb]$ sc>cely f\r hundr$4 ,le>n+ t ! ,fr5* g5]al ,de ,villi]s 0 approa*+1 ,wa%+ton deem$ x prud5t to fall back to ,=t ,necessity4 #ad4 ,sc>cely 7 ,wa%+ton's =ces safe )9 ! /ockade1 :51 on ! #c;d ( ,july1 ! regim5t ( ,de ,villi]s came 9 sight1 & surr\nd$ ! =t4 ,! ,fr5* /ation$ !mselves on ! em95ce1 & fir$ d[n ^u ! ,engli% ) fatal effect4 ,! ,indians climb$ into ! tree-tops4 ,= n9e h\rs ! assailants p\r$ a %[] ( balls ^u ,wa%+ton's m54 ,at l5g?1 see+ t x w\ld be impossible to hold out1 he accept$ ! t]ms :i* 7 (f]$ by ! ,fr5* g5]al4 ,on ! #d? ( ,july ! ,engli% g>rison m>*$ out ( ! =t1 & )drew f ! c\ntry4 ,sid5ote3 ,congress ( ! ,colonies4 #ae4 ,mean:ile1 a congress ( ! ,am]ican colonies _h assembl$ at ,albany4 ,! fir/ object 0 to r5ew ! treaty ) ! ,iroquois2 ! second1 to unite ! colonies 9 a common gov]nm5t4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,july1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 pres5t$ ! draft ( a con/itution1 :i* 0 f9ally adopt$4 ,philadelphia 0 to be ! capital4 ,! *ief executive 0 to be a gov]nor appo9t$ by ! k+4 ,ea* colony %\ld be repres5t$ 9 congress by n less ?an two or m ?an sev5 repres5tatives4 #af4 ,copies ( ?is con/itution 7 transmitt$ to ! sev]al colonies2 b ! new s*eme ( gov]nm5t 0 ev]y:]e receiv$ ) disfavor4 ,! ,engli% m9i/]s also reject$ x1 say+ t ! ,am]icans 7 try+ to make a gov]nm5t ( _! own4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,fr5* 7 con/antly prep>+ = w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,braddock ,arrives4 #ag4 ,e>ly 9 #agee ,g5]al ,braddock arriv$ 9 ,am]ica2 ! plans ( f\r campaigns 7 agre$ on4 ,lawr5ce1 ! gov]nor ( ,nova ,scotia1 0 to complete ! conque/ ( t prov9ce4 ,gov]nor ,johnson1 ( ,new ,york1 0 to capture ,cr[n ,po9t4 ,%irley1 ( ,massa*usetts1 0 to take ,=t ,niag>a4 ,braddock himself 0 to lead ! ma9 army aga9/ ,=t ,du ,quesne4 #ah4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,april1 ! ,briti% g5]al set out ) two ?\s& vet]ans1 f ,alex&ria to ,=t ,cumb]l&4 ,a few prov9cial troops jo9$ ! exp$ition4 ,wa%+ton became an aide-de-camp ( ,braddock1 & frequ5tly gave him hone/ c\nsel1 :i* ! ,briti% g5]al reject$4 #ai4 ,braddock m>*$ ) ! ma9 body4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,june he put himself at ! head ( twelve hundr$ *os5 troops1 & press$ =w>d t[>d ,=t ,du ,quesne4 ,on ! #i? ( ,july1 :5 ! ,engli% 7 only twelve miles f ,=t ,du ,quesne1 !y 7 sudd5ly fir$ ^u by ! ,fr5* & ,indians1 :o 7 hidd5 among ! rocks & rav9es4 ,sid5ote3 ,braddock's ,defeat4 #bj4 ,! battle began ) a panic4 ,! m5 fir$ con/antly1 b c\ld see no enemy4 ,braddock ru%$ to ! front & ralli$ 8 m52 b x 0 all 9 va94 ,!y /ood huddl$ toge!r l %eep4 ,! =e/ 0 /rewn ) ! dead4 ,out ( eighty-two (fic]s1 tw5ty-six 7 kill$4 ,( ! privates sev5 hundr$ & f\rte5 _h fall54 ,a retreat began at once1 & ,wa%+ton1 ) ! ,virg9ians1 cov]$ ! flight ( ! army4 #ba4 ,on ! next day ! ,indians return$ to ,=t ,du ,quesne clad 9 ! lac$ coats ( ! ,briti% (fic]s4 ,! w\nd$ ,braddock 0 borne 9 ! tra9 ( ! fugitives to ,=t ,necessity1 :]e he di$4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ,dunb>'s camp ! confusion 0 great] ?an ev]4 ,! artill]y1 baggage1 & public /ores 7 de/roy$4 ,!n foll[$ a ha/y retreat to ,=t ,cumb]l&1 & f9ally to ,philadelphia4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,engli% 9 ,acadia4 #bb4 ,by ! treaty ( ,utre*t1 made 9 #agac1 ,acadia1 or ,nova ,scotia1 0 c$$ by ,france to ,engl&4 ,! great majority ( ! p 9 t prov9ce 7 ,fr5*1 & ! ,engli% gov]nm5t 0 only a milit>y occupation4 ,at ! outbreak ( ! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w> ! population am\nt$ to m ?an sixte5 ?\s&4 ,9 a campaign ( a mon?1 ! ,engli% n[ made !mselves ma/]s ( ! :ole c\ntry ea/ ( ! ,/4 ,croix4 #bc4 ,! ,fr5* inhabitants /ill outnumb]$ ! ,engli%1 & ,gov]nor ,lawr5ce det]m9$ to drive !m into bani%m5t4 ,! ,engli% (fic]s fir/ dem&$ an oa? ( allegiance1 & ! surr5d] ( all fire>ms & boats4 ,! ,briti% vessels 7 !n made ready to c>ry ! p into exile4 ,illu/ration3 ,emb>kation at ,acadia4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,exile ( ,acadians4 #bd4 ,! c\ntry ab\t ! i/hmus 0 n[ laid wa/e1 & ! peasants driv5 into ! l>g] t[ns4 ,:]ev] a suffici5t numb] c\ld be got toge!r !y 7 compell$ to g on %ipbo>d4 ,at ! village ( ,gr& ,pr1 m ?an n9ete5 hundr$ p 7 driv5 into ! boats at ! po9t ( ! bayonet4 ,wives & *ildr51 old m5 & mo!rs1 ! sick & ! infirm1 all %>$ ! common fate4 ,m ?an ?ree ?\s& ( ! ,acadians 7 c>ri$ away & scatt]$1 helpless & half />v$1 among ! ,engli% colonies4 #be4 ,! ?ird campaign plann$ by ,braddock 0 to be conduct$ by ,gov]nor ,%irley aga9/ ,=t ,niag>a4 ,e>ly 9 ,augu/ ! attempt 0 made1 b 9 ,octob] _h to be ab&on$4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp$ition to ,lake ,*ampla94 #bf4 ,! f\r? exp$ition 0 intru/$ to ,g5]al ,william ,johnson4 ,! object 0 to capture ,cr[n ,po9t1 & drive ! ,fr5* f ,lake ,*ampla94 ,e>ly 9 ,augu/ ! army proce$$ to ! ,hudson above ,albany1 & built ,=t ,edw>d4 ,!nce ,johnson m>*$ to ,lake ,george & laid out a camp4 ,sid5ote3 ,dieskau ,defeat$4 #bg4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ,dieskau1 ! ,fr5* comm&ant at ,cr[n ,po9t1 advanc$ ) f\rte5 hundr$ ,fr5*1 ,canadians1 & ,indians to capture ,=t ,edw>d4 ,! ,canadians & ,fr5* regul>s1 unsupport$ by ! ,indians1 !n attack$ ! ,engli% position4 ,= five h\rs ! battle 0 incessant4 ,ne>ly all ( ,dieskau's m5 7 kill$4 ,at la/ ! ,engli% troops *>g$ across ! field1 & complet$ ! r\t4 ,dieskau 0 mortally w\nd$4 ,two hundr$ & sixte5 ( ! ,engli% 7 kill$4 ,g5]al ,johnson n[ con/ruct$ ,=t ,william ,h5ry on ! site ( 8 camp4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,fr5* _h =tifi$ ,ticond]oga4 ,su* 0 ! condition ( affairs at ! close ( #agee4 ,illu/ration3 ,lake ,*ampla94 #bh4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! next ye> ! comm& ( ! ,engli% =ces 0 giv5 to ,gov]nor ,%irley4 ,wa%+ton1 at ! head ( ! ,virg9ia prov9cials1 repell$ ! ,fr5* & ,indians 9 ! valley ( ! ,%5&oah4 ,! exp$itions1 :i* 7 plann$ = ! ye>1 embrac$ ! conque/ ( ,quebec & ! capture ( ,=ts ,front5ac1 ,toronto1 ,niag>a1 & ,du ,quesne4 #bi4 ,! e>l ( ,l\d\n n[ receiv$ ! appo9tm5t ( comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,briti% =ces4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,may ,great ,brita91 aft] ne>ly two ye>s ( actual ho/ilities1 made a decl>ation ( w> aga9/ ,france4 ,9 ,july ,"l ,l\d\n assum$ ! comm& ( ! colonial army4 ,! ,fr5*1 mean:ile1 l$ by ! m>quis ( ,montcalm1 :o _h succe$$ ,dieskau1 besieg$ & captur$ ,oswego4 ,sid5ote3 ,massacre at ,ft4 ,william ,h5ry4 #cj4 ,9 ! foll[+ campaign ! d>+ ,montcalm1 ) m ?an sev5 ?\s& ,fr5*1 ,canadians1 & ,indians1 advanc$ aga9/ ,=t ,william ,h5ry4 ,= six days ! ,fr5* press$ ! siege ) vigor4 ,! ammunition ( ! g>rison 0 exhau/$1 & no?+ rema9$ b to surr5d]4 ,honorable t]ms 7 grant$ by ! ,fr5*4 ,on ! #i? ( ,augu/ ! ,fr5* took possession ( ! =tress4 ,un=tunately1 ! ,indians procur$ a quantity ( spirits f ! ,engli% camp4 ,9 spite ( ! utmo/ ex]tions ( ,montcalm1 ! savages fell ^u ! prison]s & massacr$ ?irty ( !m 9 cold blood4 #ca4 ,su* _h be5 ! successes ( ,france dur+ ! ye>1 t ! ,engli% _h n a s+le hamlet left 9 ! :ole bas9 ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,e cab9 :]e ,engli% 0 spok5 _h be5 swept out ( ! ,ohio valley4 ,at ! close ( ! ye> #ageg ,france possess$ tw5ty times z mu* ,am]ican t]ritory z ,engl&1 & five times z mu* z ,engl& & ,spa9 toge!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,l\isburg ,captur$4 #cb4 ,william ,pitt 0 n[ plac$ at ! head ( ! ,engli% m9i/ry4 ,l\d\n 0 depos$ f ! ,am]ican army4 ,g5]al ,ab]crombie 0 appo9t$ to succe$ him4 ,g5]al ,amh]/ 0 to lead a division1 & "y ,"l ,h[e 0 next 9 rank to ,ab]crombie4 ,?ree exp$itions 7 plann$ = #ageh3 "o to capture ,l\isburg2 a second1 to r$uce ,cr[n ,po9t & ,ticond]oga2 & ! ?ird to retake ,=t ,du ,quesne f ! ,fr5*4 ,! fir/ 0 successful1 & on ! #bh? ( ,july1 ,l\isburg capitulat$4 ,cape ,breton & ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl& 7 surr5d]$ to ,great ,brita94 ,! g>rison1 numb]+ ne>ly six ?\s& m51 became prison]s ( w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,defeat at ,ticond]oga4 #cc4 ,on ! #e? ( ,july ,g5]al ,ab]crombie1 ) an army ( fifte5 ?\s& m51 mov$ aga9/ ,ticond]oga4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #f? ! ,engli% fell 9 ) ! picket l9e ( ! ,fr5*4 ,a sev]e skirmi% ensu$2 ! ,fr5* 7 ov]:elm$1 b ,"l ,h[e 0 kill$ 9 ! onset4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #h?1 ! ,engli% divisions 7 arrang$ to c>ry ,ticond]oga by assault4 ,a desp]ate battle ( m ?an f\r h\rs foll[$1 until1 at six o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 ! ,engli% 7 f9ally repuls$4 ,! loss on ! side ( ! assailants am\nt$ 9 kill$ & w\nd$ to n9ete5 hundr$ & sixte54 ,9 no battle ( ! ,revolution did ! ,briti% h s l>ge a =ce engag$1 or meet su* t]rible loss4 #cd4 ,! ,engli% n[ retreat$ to ,=t ,george4 ,soon aft]w>d ?ree ?\s& m51 "u ,colonel ,brad/reet1 7 s5t aga9/ ,=t ,front5ac1 on ,lake ,ont>io1 :i*1 aft] a siege ( two days1 0 compell$ to capitulate4 ,! =tress 0 demoli%$4 ,brad/reet's success m ?an c\nt]balanc$ ! failure ( ! ,engli% at ,ticond]oga4 ,sid5ote3 ,de/ruction ( ,ft4 ,du ,quesne4 #ce4 ,late 9 ! summ] ,g5]al ,=bes1 ) n9e ?\s& m51 advanc$ aga9/ ,=t ,du ,quesne4 ,wa%+ton l$ ! ,virg9ia prov9cials4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,novemb] he 0 )9 t5 miles ( ,du ,quesne4 ,dur+ t night ! g>rison took ! al>m1 burn$ ! =tress1 & float$ d[n ! ,ohio4 ,on ! #be? ! victori\s army m>*$ 91 rais$ ! ,engli% flag1 & nam$ ! place ,,pittsburgh4 #cf4 ,g5]al ,amh]/ 0 n[ promot$ to ! *ief comm& ( ! ,am]ican =ces4 ,by ! beg9n+ ( summ]1 #agei1 ! ,briti% & colonial armies numb]$ ne>ly fifty ?\s& m54 ,! entire ,fr5* army sc>cely exce$$ sev5 ?\s&4 ,?ree campaigns 7 plann$ = ! ye>3 ,g5]al ,prideaux 0 to conduct an exp$ition aga9/ ,niag>a4 ,amh]/ 0 to lead ! ma9 division aga9/ ,ticond]oga & ,cr[n ,po9t4 ,g5]al ,wolfe 0 to proce$ up ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & capture ,quebec4 #cg4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,july1 ,niag>a 0 inve/$ by ,prideaux4 ,two weeks lat] ! =t capitulat$1 & ! ,fr5*1 to ! numb] ( six hundr$1 became prison]s ( w>4 ,at ! same "t ,amh]/ 0 m>*+ ) an army ( elev5 ?\s& m5 aga9/ ,ticond]oga4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,july ! ,engli% =ces l&$1 & on ! #bf? ! g>rison retreat$ to ,cr[n ,po9t4 ,five days aft]w>ds !y des]t$ ?is place also1 & )drew to ,isle-aux-,noix1 9 ! riv] ,sorel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,%[+ ,,! ,,colonies4 at ! "t ( ,,fr5* ,,& ,,indian ,,w>4 #ch4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ,g5]al ,wolfe began ! asc5t ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,8 =ce consi/$ ( ne>ly eight ?\s& m51 & a fleet ( =ty-f\r vessels4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,june ,g5]al ,monckton 0 s5t to seize ,po9t ,levi4 #ci4 ,on ! #i? ( ,july1 ,g5]al ,wolfe cross$ ! nor? *annel1 & encamp$ on ! ea/ bank ( ! ,montmor5ci4 ,?is /ream 0 =dable at l[ wat]4 ,on ! #ca/ ( ! mon? a sev]e battle 0 f\ght at ! =ds ( ! riv]1 & ! ,engli% 7 repuls$ ) heavy losses4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pla9s ( ,abraham4 #dj4 ,exposure & fatigue ?rew ! ,engli% g5]al into a fev]4 ,x 0 decid$ to asc5d ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & ga9 ! ,pla9s ( ,abraham1 9 ! re> ( ! city4 ,! l[] camp 0 brok5 up1 & on ! #f? ( ,septemb] ! troops 7 convey$ to ,po9t ,levi4 ,wolfe !n transf]r$ 8 army to a po9t sev]al miles up ! riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,quebec ,,9 #agei4 #da4 ,on ! night ( ! #ab? ( ,septemb]1 ! ,engli% dropp$ d[n ! riv] to a place call$ ,wolfs ,cove1 & 9 ! dawn ( morn+ ! g5]al m>%al$ 8 army = battle on ! ,pla9s ( ,abraham4 ,montcalm 0 9 amazem5t :5 he he>d ! news4 ,) great ha/e ! ,fr5* 7 br\ght f ! tr5*es on ! ,montmor5ci1 & ?r[n betwe5 ,quebec & ! ,engli%4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,tak+ ( ,quebec4 #db4 ,! battle began ) an h\r's cannonade4 ,! ,canadians & ,indians 7 r\t$4 ,! ,fr5* regul>s wav]$ & 7 ?r[n into confusion4 ,wolfe1 lead+ ! *>ge1 0 twice w\nd$1 b press$ on4 ,at ! mom5t ( victory a ?ird ball pi]c$ 8 brea/1 & he sank to ! e>?4 ,!y run1 !y run6 said ! att5dant :o b5t ov] him4 ,:o run8 0 ! response4 ,! ,fr5* are fly+ ev]y:]e1 repli$ ! (fic]4 ,d !y run already8 ,!n ,i die happy1 said ! expir+ h]o4 #dc4 ,montcalm1 attempt+ to rally 8 regim5ts1 0 /ruck by a ball & mortally w\nd$4 ,%all ,i survive8 said he to 8 surgeon4 ,b a few h\rs at mo/1 answ]$ ! att5dant4 ,s mu* ! bett]1 repli$ ! h]oic ,fr5*man2 ,i %all n live to witness ! surr5d] ( ,quebec4 #dd4 ,five days aft] ! battle1 ,quebec 0 surr5d]$1 & an ,engli% g>rison took possession ( ! citadel4 ,on ! #h? ( ,septemb]1 9 ! same ye>1 ,montreal1 ! la/ important po/ ( ,france 9 ! valley ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 0 surr5d]$ to ,g5]al ,amh]/4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,treaty ( ,p>is4 #de4 ,= ?ree ye>s ! w> betwe5 ,france & ,engl& cont9u$ on ! ocean4 ,! ,engli% fleets 7 ev]y:]e victori\s4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,febru>y1 #agfc1 a treaty ( peace 0 made at ,p>is4 ,all ! ,fr5* possessions 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ea/w>d ( ! ,mississippi f its s\rce to ! riv] ,ib]ville1 & !nce ?r\gh ,lakes ,maurepas & ,pont*>tra9 to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 7 surr5d]$ to ,great ,brita94 ,at ! same "t1 ,spa91 ) :om ,engl& _h be5 at w>1 c$$ ,ea/ & ,we/ ,florida to ! ,engli% ,cr[n4 ,?us clos$ ! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w>4 ,by ?is conflict x 0 decid$ t ! decay+ in/itutions ( ! ,middle ,ages %\ld n prevail 9 ,am]ica1 & t ! p[]ful language1 j laws1 & priceless lib]ties ( ! ,engli% race %\ld be plant$ =ev] 9 ! va/ doma9s ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,,review ,,que/ions--,,"p ,,iii4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 #a4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! fir/ settlem5t at ,jame/[n4 #b4 ,:at tr\bles arose )9 ! colony itself1 & h[ 7 ^! adju/$8 #c4 ,trace ! c\rse ( ,capta9 ,smi? among ! ,indians1 & 9 8 voyages ( discov]y4 #d4 ,describe ! gov]nm5t ( ,virg9ia "u ! ,fir/ & ,second ,*>t]s4 ,,*apt] ,x4 #e4 ,:at *anges 9 gov]nm5t 7 made by ! ,?ird ,*>t]8 #f4 ,m5tion ! improvem5t 9 ! colonial indu/ries4 #g4 ,describe ! h>d%ips & ! gr[? ( ! ,virg9ia colony4 #h4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! ,indian massacre ( #afbb4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 #i4 ,tell ( ! f>!r *anges 9 ! gov]nm5t1 fir/ to a ,royal1 !n to a ,propriet>y4 #aj4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,bacon's ,rebellion1 ) its causes & results4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 #aa4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! condition & prospects ( ! ,plym\? coloni/s4 #ab4 ,:at relations exi/$ betwe5 ^! coloni/s & ! ,indians8 #ac4 ,tell ab\t ! sect>ian tr\bles & _! adju/m5t4 #ad4 ,outl9e ! g5]al prosp]ity ( ,new ,engl&4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 #ae4 ,foll[ ! f>!r /rife betwe5 ! coloni/s & ! ,indians4 #af4 ,trace ! *anges 9 gov]nm5t 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,colonies f #afbb-afhi4 #ag4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,k+ ,william's ,w>1 ) ! results to ,new ,engl&4 #ah4 ,tell ab\t ,salem ,wit*craft4 #ai4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,que5 ,anne's & ,k+ ,george's w>s1 ) ! causes ( ea* & ! f9al adju/m5ts4 #bj4 ,sket* ! "* ( ! ,puritan4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 #ba4 ,outl9e ! settlem5ts ( ! ,dut* & _! conflicts ) ! ,engli% & ! ,sw$es4 #bb4 ,trace ! conflict betwe5 ! ,dut* & ! ,indians4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 #bc4 ,:at ( ! condition1 ! gov]nm5t1 & ! progress ( ,new ,york "u ! ,engli% rule8 #bd4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! ,negro ,plot4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 #be4 ,m5tion ! sev]al claims to ! t]ritory ( ,connecticut4 #bf4 ,tell ! /ory ( ! ,pequod ,w>4 #bg4 ,outl9e ! gov]nm5t & ! g5]al prosp]ity ( ,connecticut4 #bh4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,rog] ,williams1 & ! organization ( ! ,plantation ( ,rhode ,isl&4 #bi4 ,tell ( ! f\nd+ & gr[? ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 #cj4 ,sket* ! hi/ory ( ,new ,j]sey1 & its f9al sep>ation f ,p5nsylvania4 #ca4 ,tell ! /ory ( ,william ,p5n1 & 8 c>e] 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 #cb4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! f\nd+ & developm5t ( ,m>yl&4 #cc4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! colonization & progress ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 #cd4 ,tell ( ! f\nd+ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #ce4 ,recite ! affairs ( ,georgia "u ,ogle?orpe4 #cf4 ,outl9e ! tr\bles betwe5 ! ,engli% & ! ,spani>ds 9 ,georgia & ,florida4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 #cg4 ,:at 7 ! lead+ causes ( ! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w>8 #ch4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,wa%+ton's exp$ition to ,/4 ,pi]re4 #ci4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! capture ( ,=t ,necessity4 #dj4 ,give an outl9e ( ,braddock's campaign4 #da4 ,:at 7 ! lead+ ev5ts ( ! campaign ( ,wolfe8 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,revolution ,,& ,,conf$]ation4 ,a4 ,d4 #agge-aghi4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,causes ,,( ,,! ,,revolution4 ,! ,am]ican ,revolution 0 an ev5t ( va/ importance4 ,! "q decid$ by x 0 :e!r ! ,engli% colonies 9 ,am]ica %\ld gov]n !mselves1 or be rul$ by ,great ,brita94 ,! decision 0 9 favor ( indep5d5ce4 ,! result has be5 ! gr&e/ republican gov]nm5t ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,causes4 #b4 ,! mo/ g5]al cause ( ! ,revolution 0 ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,arbitr>y ,,gov]nm5t1 claim$ by ,great ,brita9 & d5i$ by ! colonies4 ,! "q began to be discuss$ ab\t ! "t ( ! treaty ( ,aix-la-,*apelle1 9 #agdh2 & f t p]iod until #agge1 ea* ye> witness$ a r5ewal ( ! agitation4 ,b !re 7 also _m m9or causes t5d+ to br+ on a conflict ) ! "m-c\ntry4 #c4 ,fir/ ( ^! 0 ! influ5ce ( ,france1 incit+ ! colonies to rebel4 ,! ,fr5* _h c$$ ,canada to ,great ,brita9 ) ! hope ( secur+ ,am]ican indep5d5ce4 ,engl& fe>$ su* a result4 ,x 0 ev5 propos$ 9 ,p>liam5t to re-c$e ,canada to ,france1 9 ord] to *eck ! gr[? ( ! ,am]ican ,/ates4 #d4 ,ano!r cause 0 ! natural disposition ( ! coloni/s4 ,_m ( ! orig9al settl]s came to ,am]ica to escape ! tyranny ( k+s1 & _! desc5dants naturally favor$ a repres5tative gov]nm5t4 ,! deal+s ( ! coloni/s ) ! royal (fic]s _h creat$ a dislike = =eign in/itutions4 #e4 ,! gr[? ( public op9ion 9 ! colonies t5d$ to indep5d5ce4 ,! bett] class ( m5 came to believe t a sep>ation f ,engl& 0 v desirable4 ,z e>ly z #agee1 ,john ,adams1 !n a "y s*ool-tea*] 9 ,connecticut1 wrote 9 8 di>y3 ,9 ano!r c5tury all ,europe w n be able to subdue u4 ,! only way to keep u f sett+ up = ourselves is to disunite u4 #f4 ,ano!r cause ( ! ,revolution 0 ! p]sonal "* ( ! k+4 ,george ,,iii4 0 "o ( ! wor/ ( rul]s1 & _h no true notion ( human rights4 ,8 m9i/]s 71 = ! mo/ "p1 m5 l himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,imm$iate ,causes4 ,sid5ote3 ,acts ,re/rict+ ,trade4 #g4 ,! m imm$iate cause ( ! w> 0 ! passage by ,p>liam5t ( a numb] ( laws de/ructive ( colonial lib]ty4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! ,,importation ,,act ( #agcc4 ,by ?is /atute exorbitant duties 7 laid on sug>1 molasses1 & rum4 ,9 #agej x 0 enact$ t iron-works %\ld n be erect$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,! manufacture ( /eel 0 =bidd51 & ! fell+ ( p9es outside ( inclosures4 ,^! laws 7 disreg>d$ by ! coloni/s1 :o consid]$ !m unju/ & tyrannical4 ,9 #agfa ! c\rts 7 au?oriz$ to issue to petty (fic]s se>*-w>rants1 call$ ,writs ( ,assi/ance1 by :i* con/ables might ent] e place1 se>*+ = goods suspect$ ( hav+ evad$ ! duty4 ,at ,salem & ,bo/on ! writs 7 resi/$4 #h4 ,9 #agfc1 & aga9 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 ! ,engli% (fic]s 7 au?oriz$ to seize all vessels engag$ 9 unlawful trade4 ,be=e ?is 0 kn[n at ,bo/on1 a great t[n-meet+ 0 held4 ,samuel ,adams 0 ! orator4 ,a p[]ful argum5t 0 produc$1 %[+ t "u ! ,briti% con/itution taxation & repres5tation 7 insep>able4 #i4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,m>*1 #agfd1 ,mr4 ,gr5ville1 ! prime m9i/]1 br\ght be=e ! ,h\se ( ,commons a resolution t x w\ld be prop] to *>ge c]ta9 /amp-duties on ! ,am]ican colonies4 ,! news ( ! measure 0 borne to ,am]ica1 produc+ univ]sal excitem5t4 ,resolutions aga9/ ! acts ( ! m9i/]s 7 pass$ 9 almo/ e t[n4 ,remon/rances 7 address$ to ! k+ & ! ,p>liam5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,/amp ,act4 #aj4 ,nev]!less1 9 ,m>* ( #agfe1 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t pass$ ! ,,/amp ,,act4 ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons x receiv$ a majority ( five to "o4 ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords ! vote 0 unanim\s4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ! mon?1 ! royal ass5t 0 giv54 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 !n 9 ,london1 wrote to a fri5d at home t ! sun ( ,am]ican lib]ty _h set4 #aa4 ,! provisions ( ! ,/amp ,act 7 ^!3 ,e legal docum5t requir$ 9 ! colonies %\ld1 aft] ! #a/ day ( ! foll[+ ,novemb]1 be execut$ on /amp$ pap] to be furni%$ by ! ,briti% gov]nm5t4 ,= ea* %eet ! coloni/s 7 requir$ to pay a sum v>y+ f ?ree p5ce to six p\nds /]l+4 ,e pamphlet1 almanac1 & newspap] 0 to be pr9t$ on pap] ( ! same sort1 ! value ( ! /amps rang+ f a half-p5ny to f\r p5ce4 ,no contract %\ld be b9d+ unless be>+ ! /amp4 #ab4 ,! news ( ! hateful act creat$ great wra? 9 ,am]ica4 ,! bells ( ,philadelphia & ,bo/on rang a fun]al knell4 ,9 ,new ,york a copy ( ! ,/amp ,act 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh ! /reets ) a dea?'s-head nail$ to x1 & a plac>d be>+ ?is inscription3 ,,! ,,folly ,,( ,,engl& ,,& ,,! ,,ru9 ,,( ,,am]ica4 ,! g5]al assemblies 7 at fir/ sl[ to move2 !re 7 _m old royali/s among ! memb]s4 ,b ! y\ng] repres5tatives did n hesitate to express _! s5tim5ts4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia ,h\se ( ,burgesses !re 0 a memorable sc5e4 ,sid5ote3 ,patrick ,h5ry4 #ac4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 ! y\nge/ memb] ( ! ,h\se1 aft] wait+ 9 va9 = "s old] delegate to lead 9 opposition to ,p>liam5t1 snat*$ a blank leaf out ( an old law book & drew up a s]ies ( six resolutions1 decl>+ t ! ,virg9ians 7 ,engli%m5 ) ,engli% rights2 t ! coloni/s 7 n b\nd to yield ob$i5ce to any law impos+ taxation on !m2 & t :oev] said ! contr>y 0 an enemy to ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,patrick ,h5ry4 #ad4 ,a viol5t debate ensu$4 ,two future ,presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 9 ! audi5ce3 ,wa%+ton z a delegate1 & ,?omas ,jeff]son1 a "y collegian1 outside ( ! rail+4 ,! eloqu5t ,h5ry bore d[n all opposition4 ,cs> _h 8 ,brutus1 said ! orator2 ,*>les ,i4 _h 8 ,cromwell1 & ,george ,,iii4-- ,treason6 %\t$ ! speak]4 ,treason6 treason6 exclaim$ ! royali/s1 spr++ to _! feet4 ,& ,george ,,iii4 may pr(it by _! example1 cont9u$ ,h5ry2 & !n add$1 ,if t be treason1 make ! mo/ ( x6 ,! six resolutions 7 c>ri$2 b on ! next day1 :5 ,h5ry 0 abs5t1 ! p[]ful ari/ocratic & *ur* p>ty secur$ ! repeal ( two ( ! m viol5t resolutions4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,/amp ,act ,congress1 #agfe4 #ae4 ,simil> resolutions 7 adopt$ by ! assemblies ( ,new ,york & ,massa*usetts4 ,james ,otis propos$ an ,am]ican ,congress4 ,! proposition 0 favorably receiv$ by n9e ( ! colonies2 &1 on ! #g? ( ,octob]1 ! fir/ colonial ,congress1 call$ ! ,,/amp ,,act ,,congress1 assembl$ at ,new ,york4 ,timo?y ,ruggles1 ( ,massa*usetts1 0 *os5 presid5t4 ,a ,decl>ation ( ,rights 0 adopt$ sett+ =? t ! ,am]ican coloni/s1 z ,engli%m51 c\ld n cons5t to be tax$ b by _! own repres5tatives4 ,memorials 7 s5t to ,p>liam5t & a petition to ! k+4 #af4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,novemb] ! ,/amp ,act 0 to take effect4 ,dur+ ! summ] great quantities ( ! /amp$ pap] _h be5 s5t to ,am]ica4 ,b ev]y:]e x 0 reject$ or de/roy$4 ,! #a/ ( ,novemb] 0 kept z a day ( m\rn+4 ,sid5ote3 ,sons ( ,lib]ty4 #ag4 ,at fir/1 legal bus9ess 0 susp5d$4 ,! c\rt-h\ses 7 %ut up4 ,n ev5 a m>riage lic5se c\ld be legally issu$4 ,by & by1 ! (fices 7 op5$1 & bus9ess w5t on z be=e1 b n ) /amp$ pap]4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ! patriotic society1 kn[n z ! ,,sons ,,( ,,lib]ty1 0 organiz$4 ,! m]*ants ( ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 & ,philadelphia ent]$ into a compact to pur*ase no m goods ( ,great ,brita9 until ! ,/amp ,act %\ld be repeal$4 #ah4 ,! coloni/s _h _! fri5ds 9 ,engl&4 ,em95t /atesm5 esp\s$ ! cause ( ,am]ica4 ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons ,mr4 ,pitt deliv]$ a p[]ful address4 ,y h1 said he1 no "r to tax ,am]ica4 ,i rejoice t ,am]ica has resi/$4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,m>*1 #agff1 ! ,/amp ,act 0 =mally repeal$4 ,b at ! same "t a resolution 0 add$1 decl>+ t ,p>liam5t _h ! "r to b9d ! colonies 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,sid5ote3 ,repeal ( ! ,/amp ,act4 #ai4 ,! repeal ( ! ,/amp ,act produc$ great joy1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,b on ! #bi? ( ,june1 #agfg1 ano!r act 0 pass$ impos+ a duty on all ! glass1 pap]1 pa9t]s' colors1 & tea :i* %\ld !reaft] be import$ into ! colonies4 #bj4 ,! res5tm5t ( ! ,am]icans bur/ out anew4 ,ano!r agreem5t n to pur*ase ,briti% goods 0 ent]$ into by ! ,am]ican m]*ants4 ,! newspap]s 7 fill$ ) d5unciations ( ,p>liam5t4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,june1 a sloop1 *>g$ ) evad+ ! paym5t ( duty1 0 seiz$ by ! cu/om-h\se (fic]s ( ,bo/on4 ,b ! p attack$ ! h\ses ( ! (fic]s1 & oblig$ ! occupants to fly to ,ca/le ,william4 ,g5]al ,gage 0 n[ ord]$ to br+ f ,halifax a regim5t ( regul>s & ov]awe ! p4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,octob] ! troops1 sev5 hundr$ /rong1 m>*$ ) fix$ bayonets into ! capital ( ,massa*usetts4 ,sid5ote3 ,resi/ance ( ! ,colonies4 #ba4 ,9 ,febru>y ( #agfi ! p ( ,massa*usetts 7 decl>$ rebels1 & ! gov]nor 0 direct$ to arre/ ^? deem$ guilty & s5d !m to ,engl& = trial4 ,! g5]al assembly met ?is outrage ) defiant resolutions4 ,simil> sc5es 7 enact$ 9 ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,bo/on ,massacre4 #bb4 ,e>ly 9 #aggj ! soldi]s 9 ,new ,york cut d[n a lib]ty pole :i* /ood 9 ! p>k4 ,a conflict ensu$1 9 :i* ! p won ! day4 ,on ! #e? ( ,m>*1 a m s]i\s difficulty occurr$ 9 ,bo/on4 ,a cr[d ( p surr\nd$ ,capta9 ,pre/on's company ( ! city gu>d1 hoot$ at !m1 & d>$ !m to fire4 ,at l5g? ! soldi]s dis*>g$ a volley1 kill+ ?ree ( ! citiz5s & w\nd+ sev]al o!rs4 ,?is outrage1 kn[n z ! ,,bo/on ,,massacre1 creat$ a pr(\nd s5sation4 ,capta9 ,pre/on & 8 company 7 arre/$ & tri$ = murd]4 ,two ( ! (f5d]s 7 convict$ ( manslaught]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fight at ! ,lib]ty ,pole1 ,new ,york4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,bo/on ,tea ,p>ty4 #bc4 ,p>liam5t n[ pass$ an act repeal+ all duties on ,am]ican imports except t on tea4 ,! p1 9 answ]1 pl$g$ !mselves to use no m tea until ! duty %\ld be unconditionally repeal$4 ,9 #aggc ,p>liam5t remov$ ! export duty :i* _h hi!rto be5 *>g$ on tea %ipp$ f ,engl&4 ,! price ( tea 0 ?us l[]$1 & ! m9i/]s ?\ght t1 :5 ! *eap] tea 0 (f]$ 9 ,am]ica1 ! coloni/s w\ld pay ! import duty )\t suspicion4 ,%ips 7 load$ ) tea = ! ,am]ican m>ket4 ,"s ( ! vessels rea*$ ,*>le/on2 b ! *e/s 7 /or$ 9 cell>s1 & ! cont5ts ru9$4 ,at ,new ,york & ,philadelphia ! %ips 7 =bidd5 to ent]4 ,at ,bo/on ! au?orities w\ld n p]mit ! tea to be l&$4 ,on ! #af? ( ,decemb] !re 0 a great t[n-meet+1 at :i* sev5 ?\s& p 7 pres5t4 ,adams & ,qu9cy spoke to ! multitudes4 ,ev5+ came on1 & ! meet+ 0 ab\t to adj\rn1 :5 a w>-:oop 0 he>d1 & fifty m5 disguis$ z ,indians m>*$ to ! :>f :]e ! tea-%ips 7 at an*or1 bo>d$ ! vessels1 & empti$ ?ree hundr$ & =ty *e/s ( tea into ! bay4 ,su* 0 ! ,,bo/on ,,tea ,,p>ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,bo/on ,port ,bill4 #bd4 ,p>liam5t made ha/e to f9d rev5ge4 ,on ! la/ day ( ,m>*1 #aggd1 ! ,,bo/on ,,port ,,bill 0 pass$4 ,x 0 enact$ t no k9d ( m]*&ise %\ld any long] be l&$ or %ipp$ at ! :>ves ( ,bo/on4 ,! cu/om-h\se 0 remov$ to ,salem1 b ! p ( t t[n refus$ to accept x4 ,! inhabitants ( ,m>blehead gave ! free use ( _! w>eh\ses to ! m]*ants ( ,bo/on4 ,:5 ! news ( ! ,port ,bill rea*$ ,virg9ia1 ! burgesses ent]$ a prote/ on _! j\rnal4 ,gov]nor ,dunmore ord]$ ! memb]s to _! homes2 b !y met & cont9u$ _! "w 9 ano!r place4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,may1 ! *>t] ( ,massa*usetts 0 annull$4 ,! p 7 decl>$ rebels1 & ! gov]nor 0 ord]$ to s5d abroad = trial all p]sons :o %\ld resi/ ! (fic]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ ,cont95tal ,congress1 #aggd4 #be4 ,9 ,septemb] ! ,,fir/ ,,cont95tal ,,congress assembl$ at ,philadelphia4 ,elev5 colonies 7 repres5t$4 ,"o address 0 s5t to ! k+2 ano!r to ! ,engli% nation2 & ano!r to ! p ( ,canada4 ,a resolution 0 adopt$ to susp5d all comm]cial int]c\rse ) ,great ,brita94 ,p>liam5t retaliat$ by ord]+ ,g5]al ,gage to r$uce ! coloni/s by =ce4 ,a fleet & t5 ?\s& soldi]s 7 s5t to aid him4 #bf4 ,bo/on ,neck 0 seiz$ & =tifi$ by ! ,briti%4 ,! /ores at ,cambridge & ,*>le/[n 7 convey$ to ,bo/on2 & ! g5]al assembly 0 ord]$ to disb&4 ,in/ead ( do+ s1 ! memb]s vot$ to equip an army ( twelve ?\s& m5 = def5ce4 ,!re 0 no long] any hope ( a peaceable adju/m5t4 ,! coloni/s 7 few & feeble2 b !y 7 m5 ( iron wills :o _h made up _! m9ds to die = lib]ty4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,revolution4--,,ev5ts ,,( #agge4 ,sid5ote3 ,paul ,rev]e's ,ride4 ,z soon z ! int5tions ( ,g5]al ,gage 7 kn[n1 ! p ( ,bo/on1 conceal+ _! ammunition 9 c>ts1 convey$ x to ,concord4 ,on ! night ( ! #ah? ( ,april1 ,gage dispat*$ eight hundr$ m5 to de/roy ! /ores4 ,! plan ( ! ,briti% 0 made ) great secrecy2 b ! patriots discov]$ ! movem5t4 ,:5 ! regim5t1 "u comm& ( ,colonel ,smi? & ,major ,pitcairn1 set out = ,concord1 ! p ( ,bo/on 7 r\s$ by ! r++ ( bells & ! fir+ ( cannon4 ,william ,dawes & ,paul ,rev]e rode ) all spe$ to ,lex+ton & spread ! al>m ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fight at ,lex+ton4 #b4 ,at two o'clock 9 ! morn+1 a company ( "o hundr$ & ?irty m9ute-m5 assembl$ on ! common at ,lex+ton4 ,no enemy appe>$ until five o'clock1 :5 ! ,briti%1 "u comm& ( ,pitcairn1 came 9 sight4 ,! prov9cials 7 l$ by ,capta9 ,p>k]4 ,pitcairn rode up & exclaim$3 ,disp]se1 ye villa9s6 ,?r[ d[n y\r arms6 ,! m9ute-m5 /ood /ill1 & ,pitcairn cri$1 ,fire6 ,! fir/ volley ( ! ,revolution :i/l$ ?r\gh ! air1 & sixte5 ( ! patriots fell dead or w\nd$4 ,! re/ fir$ a few %ots & disp]s$4 #c4 ,! ,briti% press$ on to ,concord2 b ! inhabitants _h remov$ ! /ores to a place ( safety1 & !re 0 b little de/ruction4 ,:ile ! ,briti% 7 ransack+ ! t[n1 ! m9ute-m5 enc\nt]$ a company ( soldi]s :o 7 gu>d+ ! ,nor? ,bridge4 ,"h ! ,am]icans fir$1 & two ,briti% soldi]s 7 kill$4 ,! re/ began a retreat ?r\gh ! t[n t[>d ,lex+ton4 ,= six miles ! battle 0 kept up along ! road4 ,hidd5 beh9d trees1 f5ces1 & b>ns1 ! patriots p\r$ a con/ant fire ^u ! ranks ( ! enemy4 ,! ,am]ican loss 0 =ty-n9e kill$1 ?irty-f\r w\nd$1 & five miss+2 t ( ! enemy 0 two hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fight ,,at ,,lex+ton #d4 ,! battle ( ,lex+ton fir$ ! c\ntry4 ,)9 a few days an army ( tw5ty ?\s& m5 ga!r$ ab\t ,bo/on4 ,a l9e ( intr5*m5ts 0 drawn f ,roxbury to ,*elsea4 ,john ,/>k came d[n ) ! ,new ,hamp%ire militia4 ,rhode ,isl& s5t h] m5 "u ,na?aniel ,gre5e4 ,b5$ict ,arnold came ) ! prov9cials ( ,new ,hav54 ,e?an ,all51 ) a company ( two hundr$ & sev5ty patriots1 advanc$ aga9/ ,ticond]oga4 ,b5$ict ,arnold jo9$ ! exp$ition z a private4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #i? ( ,may1 ! =ce rea*$ ! %ore ( ,lake ,george1 opposite ,ticond]oga4 ,sid5ote3 ,e?an ,all5 at ,ticond]oga4 #e4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+1 eighty-?ree m5 succe$$ 9 cross+4 ,) ?is m]e h&ful1 ,all5 made a da% & ga9$ ! gateway ( ! =t4 ,he ru%$ to ! qu>t]s ( ! comm&ant1 & cri$ out3 ,surr5d] ?is =t in/antly6 ,by :at au?ority8 inquir$ ! (fic]4 ,9 ! "n ( ! great ,jehovah & ! ,cont95tal ,congress1 said ,all51 fl\ri%+ 8 sword4 ,! g>rison 7 made prison]s & s5t to ,connecticut1 & va/ quantities ( milit>y /ores fell into ! h&s ( ! ,am]icans4 ,two days aft]w>ds ,cr[n ,po9t 0 also tak54 #f4 ,on ! #be? ( ,may1 ,g5]als ,h[e1 ,cl9ton1 & ,burgoyne arriv$ at ,bo/on4 ,! ,briti% army 0 augm5t$ to m ?an t5 ?\s& m54 ,x 0 n[ rumor$ t ,gage 0 ab\t to sally out ( ,bo/on to burn ! neighbor+ t[ns & deva/ate ! c\ntry4 ,! ,am]icans det]m9$ to anticipate ?is movem5t by =tify+ ,bunk] ,hill1 :i* comm&$ ! p59sula ( ,*>le/[n4 #g4 ,on ! night ( ! #af? ( ,june1 ,colonel ,prescott 0 s5t ) a ?\s& m5 to intr5* ! hill4 ,! prov9cials rea*$ ! em95ce2 b ,prescott & 8 eng9e]1 n lik+ ! position1 proce$$ d[n ! p59sula to ,bre$'s ,hill1 )9 cannon range ( ,bo/on4 ,"h a r$\bt 0 ?r[n up dur+ ! night4 ,! ,briti% %ips 9 ! h>bor 7 s ne> t ! ,am]icans c\ld he> ! s5t9els repeat+ ! night-call1 ,all is well4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,bunk] ,hill4 #h4 ,z soon z x 0 light1 ,g5]al ,gage ord]$ ! %ips to cannonade ! ,am]ican position4 ,! ,briti% batt]ies on ,copp's ,hill also op5$ fire4 ,j aft] noon1 ?ree ?\s& ,briti% vet]ans1 comm&$ by ,g5]als ,h[e & ,pigot1 l&$ at ,morton's ,po9t4 ,! ,am]icans numb]$ ab\t fifte5 hundr$4 ,*>le/[n 0 burn$ by ! ,briti% z !y advanc$4 ,?\s&s ( spectators climb$ to ! h\se-tops 9 ,bo/on to wat* ! battle4 ,on came ! ,briti% 9 a /ately & impos+ column4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vic9ity ,,( ,,bo/on4 #i4 ,! ,am]icans res]v$ _! fire until ! advanc+ l9e 0 )9 a hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,!n in/antly e gun 0 dis*>g$4 ,! front rank ( ! ,briti% melt$ away1 & ! re/ ha/ily retreat$4 ,h[e ralli$ 8 m5 & l$ ! second *>ge4 ,aga9 ! ,am]ican fire 0 )held until ! enemy 0 b a few rods di/ant4 ,!n volley aft] volley 0 p\r$ ^u ! column until x 0 brok5 & driv5 into flight4 #aj4 ,! vessels ( ! ,briti% fleet n[ *ang$ position until ! guns 7 br\ght to be> ^u ! ,am]ican works4 ,= ! ?ird "t1 ! ,briti% soldi]s *>g$ ) fix$ bayonets up ! hillside4 ,! ,am]icans _h b ?ree or f\r r\nds ( ammunition rema9+4 ,^! 7 exp5d$ on ! advanc+ enemy4 ,!n !re 0 a lull4 ,! ,briti% clamb]$ ov] ! ramp>ts4 ,! prov9cials hurl$ /ones at ! assailants4 ,x 0 9 va92 !y 7 driv5 out ( _! tr5*es at ! po9t ( ! bayonet4 ,! brave ,w>r5 gave 8 life = fre$om4 ,! loss ( ! ,briti% 9 ! engagem5t 0 a ?\s& & fifty-f\r 9 kill$ & w\nd$4 ,! ,am]icans lo/ "o hundr$ & fifte5 kill$1 ?ree hundr$ & five w\nd$1 & ?irty-two prison]s4 ,prescott & ,putnam conduct$ ! retreat to ,prospect ,hill4 #aa4 ,! battle ( ,bunk] ,hill r inspir$ ?an disc\rag$ ! coloni/s4 ,! news 0 borne to ! ,s\?1 & a _s ( det]m9$ opposition 0 ev]y:]e ar\s$4 ,! p began to speak ( ! ,,unit$ ,,colonies ,,( ,,am]ica4 ,at ,*>lotte1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ! citiz5s came toge!r 9 conv5tion1 & made a decl>ation ( indep5d5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,second ,cont95tal ,congress1 #agge4 #ab4 ,on ! day ( ! capture ( ,ticond]oga1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress assembl$ at ,philadelphia4 ,wa%+ton 0 !re1 & ,john ,adams & ,samuel ,adams1 ,frankl9 & ,patrick ,h5ry2 ,jeff]son came soon aft]w>ds4 ,a la/ appeal 0 address$ to ! k+2 & he 0 told t ! coloni/s _h *os5 w> 9 pref]5ce to slav]y4 ,e>ly 9 ! session ,john ,adams made an address1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he notic$ ! necessity ( appo9t+ a comm&]-9-*ief1 & ! qualities requisite 9 t high (fic]4 ,! speak] conclud$ by putt+ 9 nom9ation ,george ,wa%+ton1 ( ,virg9ia4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,june1 ! nom9ation 0 confirm$ by ,congress2 & ! man :o _h sav$ ! wreck ( ,braddock's army 0 call$ to build a nation4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton ,comm&]-9-*ief4 #ac4 ,,george ,,wa%+ton 0 born 9 ,we/morel& c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 on ! #aa? ( ,febru>y 7,old ,/yle71 #agcb4 ,at ! age ( elev5 he 0 left to ! sole c>e ( 8 "m4 ,8 education 0 limit$ to ! common bran*es ( le>n+4 ,survey+ 0 8 favorite /udy4 ,at ! age ( sixte5 he 0 s5t by 8 uncle to survey a tract ( l& on ! ,s\? ,potomac4 ,! important duties :i* he p]=m$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,ohio ,company1 & 8 campaign ) ,braddock h already be5 n>rat$4 ,) great dignity he accept$ ! appo9tm5t ( comm&]-9-*ief1 & set out to jo9 ! army at ,cambridge4 ,sid5ote3 ,organization ( ,cont95tal ,army4 #ad4 ,congress _h vot$ to equip tw5ty ?\s& m51 b ! means ( do+ s 7 n furni%$4 ,wa%+ton _h a =ce ( f\rte5 ?\s& five hundr$ volunte]s1 undiscipl9$ & insubord9ate4 ,! supplies ( w> 7 almo/ :olly want+4 ,! army 0 soon organiz$ 9 ?ree divisions3 ! "r w+ 0 "u ,g5]al ,w>d1 ! left comm&$ by ,g5]al ,*>les ,lee1 ! c5t] "u ! comm&]-9-*ief4 ,! siege ( ,bo/on 0 press$ ) vigor4 ,! k+'s au?ority 0 ov]?r[n 9 all ! colonies4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp$ition aga9/ ,canada4 #ae4 ,! ,am]icans look$ to ,canada = aid4 ,9 ord] to enc\rage ! p ( t prov9ce to take up arms1 ,g5]als ,s*uyl] & ,montgom]y 7 ord]$ to proce$ aga9/ ,/4 ,john & ,montreal1 bo? ( :i* 7 f9ally tak54 ,montgom]y next proce$$1 ) ?ree hundr$ m51 aga9/ ,quebec4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ,colonel ,arnold _h set out ) a ?\s& m5 f ,cambridge4 ,at ,po9t aux ,trembles he 0 jo9$ by ,montgom]y1 :o assum$ comm&4 ,= ?ree weeks1 ) 8 h&ful ( troops1 ,montgom]y besieg$ ,quebec1 & !n /ak$ ev]y?+ on an assault4 #af4 ,be=e daybreak on ! #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 ,montgom]y attack$ ! ,l[] ,t[n4 ,at ! fir/ dis*>ge ,montgom]y fell dead4 ,! m51 he>tbrok5 at _! loss1 retreat$ above ! city4 ,arnold _h mean:ile f\ght 8 way into ! ,l[] ,t[n1 b 0 sev]ely w\nd$ & borne to ! re>4 ,capta9 ,morgan l$ 8 brave b& along ! n>r[ /reets until he 0 ov]:elm$ & compell$ to surr5d]4 ,arnold retir$ to a po9t ?ree miles above ! city4 ,! small-pox broke out 9 ! camp2 & 9 ! foll[+ ,june ! ,am]icans evacuat$ ,canada4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,ev5ts ,,( #aggf4 ,at la/ came ! k+'s answ] to ! appeal ( ,congress4 ,! petition ( ! colonies 0 reject$ ) contempt4 ,by ?is tyrannical answ] ! day ( indep5d5ce 0 br\ght ne>]4 ,mean:ile1 ,g5]al ,h[e _h succe$$ ,gage 9 comm& ( ! ,briti% troops 9 ,bo/on4 #b4 ,all w9t] long ! city 0 besieg$ by ,wa%+ton4 ,by ! fir/ ( spr+1 #aggf1 x 0 resolv$ to seize ,dor*e/] ,heights & drive ,h[e out ( ,bo/on4 ,on ! night ( ! #d? ( ,m>* a deta*m5t "u cov] ( ! d>kness rea*$ ! ,heights unp]ceiv$4 ,! ,briti% notic$ no?+ unusual2 b1 :5 morn+ dawn$1 ,h[e saw at a glance t he mu/ c>ry ! ,am]ican position or ab&on ! city4 ,he ord]$ 8 m5 to /orm ! ,heights be=e nightfall4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% driv5 f ,bo/on4 #c4 ,wa%+ton visit$ ! tr5*es & exhort$ 8 m54 ,x 0 ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,bo/on ,massacre4 ,a battle 0 mom5t>ily expect$2 b :ile ! ,briti% delay$1 a /orm arose & r5d]$ ! h>bor impassable1 & ! attack c\ld n be made4 ,be=e ! foll[+ morn+ ! ,am]icans _h s /r5g!n$ _! =tifications t all ?\ghts ( an assault 7 ab&on$4 ,h[e f\nd himself r$uc$ to ! extremity ( giv+ up ! capital ( ,new ,engl&4 #d4 ,aft] "s days !re 0 an agreem5t betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ! ,briti% g5]al t ! latt] %\ld retire f ,bo/on unmole/$ on condition t ! city %\ld n be burn$4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,m>*1 ! :ole ,briti% army sail$ away4 ,! ,am]ican advance at once ent]$ ! city4 ,on ! #bj?1 ,wa%+ton made a =mal entry at ! head ( ! triumphant army4 ,! c\ntry 0 wild ) delight4 ,congress ord]$ a gold m$al to be /ruck 9 honor ( ,wa%+ton's victory ov] ! enemy4 #e4 ,9 a %ort "t1 ! comm&]-9-*ief repair$ ) ! army to ,new ,york4 ,g5]al ,lee press$ =w>d ) ! ,connecticut militia1 & rea*$ t city j 9 "t to baffle an attempt ( ,sir ,h5ry ,cl9ton1 :o next sail$ s\?w>d1 & 0 jo9$ by ,sir ,pet] ,p>k] & ,"l ,cornwallis ) two ?\s& five hundr$ m54 ,! =ce ( ! ,briti% 0 deem$ suffici5t to capture ,*>le/on4 ,sid5ote3 ,briti% ,repuls$ at ,*>le/on4 #f4 ,! ,c>ol9ians1 l$ by ,g5]al ,lee1 rose 9 arms & flock$ to ,*>le/on4 ,! city 0 =tifi$2 & a =t1 :i* comm&$ ! entrance to ! h>bor1 0 built on ,sullivan's ,isl&4 ,on ! #d? ( ,june ! ,briti% squadron came 9 sight4 ,on ! #bh? ! ,briti% fleet began a bomb>dm5t ( ! =tress1 :i* 0 comm&$ by ,colonel ,m\ltrie2 b ! walls1 built ( palmetto1 7 little injur$4 ,z ev5+ drew on1 ! ,briti% 7 oblig$ to retire ) a loss ( two hundr$ m54 ,! loss ( ! g>rison am\nt$ to ?irty-two4 #g4 ,dur+ ! summ] ,wa%+ton's =ces 7 increas$ to tw5ty-sev5 ?\s& m51 b ! effective =ce 0 little m ?an half t numb]4 ,great ,brita9 0 mak+ ! greate/ prep>ations4 ,by a treaty ) "s ( ! ,g]man ,/ates1 sev5te5 ?\s& ,hessians 7 hir$ to fight aga9/ ,am]ica4 ,tw5ty-five ?\s& ,engli% troops 7 levi$2 & a million doll>s 7 vot$ = ! exp5ses ( ! w>4 #h4 ,?us f> ! coloni/s _h claim$ to be loyal subjects ( ,great ,brita94 ,n[ ! case seem$ hopeless4 ,! p urg$ ! g5]al assemblies1 & ! g5]al assemblies urg$ ,congress1 to a decl>ation ( indep5d5ce4 ,congress respond$ by recomm5d+ ! colonies to adopt su* gov]nm5ts z might be/ conduce to ! safety ( ! p4 #i4 ,on ! #g? ( ,june1 #aggf1 ,ri*>d ,h5ry ,lee1 ( ,virg9ia1 (f]$ a resolution 9 ,congress decl>+ t ! ,unit$ ,colonies are1 & ( "r ought to be1 free & indep5d5t ,/ates4 ,a long & excit+ debate ensu$4 ,! f9al consid]ation ( ,lee's resolution 0 po/pon$ until ! #a/ ( ,july4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,june1 ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ,john ,adams1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,rog] ,%]man1 & ,rob]t ,r4 ,liv+/on 7 appo9t$ a committee to prep>e a =mal decl>ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,jeff]son read+ ! ,decl>ation 9 ,committee4 ,sid5ote3 ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 #aj4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,july ! committee's report 0 laid be=e ,congress4 ,on ! next day ,lee's resolution 0 adopt$4 ,dur+ ! #c;d ! =mal decl>ation 0 debat$ ) great _s4 ,! discussion 0 resum$ on ! #d?1 & at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ! ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,am]ican ,,indep5d5ce 0 adopt$ by a unanim\s vote4 #aa4 ,! old bellman ( ! ,/ate ,h\se rang out ! note ( fre$om to ! nation4 ,! multitudes caught ! signal & answ]$ ) %\ts4 ,ev]y:]e ! decl>ation 0 receiv$ ) en?usia/ic applause4 ,at ,philadelphia ! k+'s arms 7 torn d[n & burn$ 9 ! /reet4 ,at ,williamsburg1 ,*>le/on1 & ,savannah !re 7 bonfires4 ,at ,bo/on ! decl>ation 0 read 9 ,faneuil ,hall4 ,at ,new ,york ! populace pull$ d[n ! /atue ( ,george ,,iii4 & ca/ x into bullets4 ,wa%+ton ord]$ t ! decl>ation be read at ! head ( ea* brigade4 #ab4 ,! lead+ pr9ciples ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce are ^!3 ,t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t gov]nm5ts are in/itut$ = ! welf>e ( ! p2 t ! p h a "r to alt] _! gov]nm5t2 t ! gov]nm5t ( ,george ,,iii4 _h become de/ructive ( lib]ty2 t ! k+'s tyranny ov] 8 ,am]ican subjects 0 no long] endurable2 & t1 !re=e1 ! ,unit$ ,colonies ( ,am]ica are1 & ( "r ought to be1 free & indep5d5t ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ations ab\t ,new ,york4 #ac4 ,e>ly 9 ,july1 ,g5]al ,h[e l&$ a =ce ( n9e ?\s& m5 on ,/at5 ,isl&4 ,?i!r ,cl9ton came f ! siege ( ,*>le/on1 & ,admiral ,h[e f ,engl&4 ,! ,briti% =ce 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york am\nt$ to ?irty ?\s& m54 ,ne>ly half ( !m 7 ,hessians4 ,wa%+ton's army 0 greatly inf]ior 9 numb]s & discipl9e4 #ad4 ,"l ,h[e _h be5 in/ruct$ to try conciliatory measures ) ! ,am]icans4 ,fir/1 he s5t to ! ,am]ican camp a dispat* direct$ to ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,esquire4 ,wa%+ton refus$ to receive a communication :i* did n recognize 8 (ficial position4 ,h[e !n s5t ano!r message1 address$ to ,george ,wa%+ton1 etc41 etc41 etc42 & ! be>] insi/$ t &-s-=? might mean ,g5]al ( ! ,am]ican ,army4 ,b ,wa%+ton s5t ! (fic] away4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,long ,isl&4 #ae4 ,"l ,h[e & 8 bro!r at once began ho/ilities4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,augu/1 ! ,briti%1 to ! numb] ( t5 ?\s&1 l&$ on ,long ,isl&4 ,! ,am]icans1 ab\t eight ?\s& /rong1 7 po/$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,brooklyn4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #bg? ( ,augu/1 ,grant's division ( ! ,briti% army 0 met by ,g5]al ,/irl+ ) fifte5 hundr$ m51 & ! battle at once began1 b !re 0 no decisive result4 ,g5]al ,hei/] advanc$ beyond ,flatbu%1 & engag$ ! ma9 body ( ! ,am]icans1 "u ,g5]al ,sullivan4 ,"h ! ,hessians ga9$ little or no gr\nd until ,sullivan 0 al>m$ by ! noise ( battle on 8 left & re>4 #af4 ,dur+ ! night ,g5]al ,cl9ton _h occupi$ ! heights above ! ,jamaica road1 & n[ came d[n by way ( ,b$=d4 ,sullivan f\nd himself surr\nd$ & cut (f4 ,! m5 f\ght bravely1 & _m broke ?r\gh ! l9es ( ! ,briti%4 ,! re/ 7 scatt]$1 kill$1 or tak5 prison]s4 #ag4 ,cornwallis1 attempt+ to cut (f ,/irl+'s retreat1 0 repuls$4 ,mo/ ( ,/irl+'s m5 rea*$ ! ,am]ican l9es at ,brooklyn4 ,g5]als ,/irl+1 ,sullivan1 & ,woodhull 7 tak5 prison]s4 ,ne>ly a ?\s& patriots 7 kill$ or miss+4 ,x seem$ an easy ?+ = ,cl9ton & ,h[e to capture all ! re/4 #ah4 ,wa%+ton resolv$ to )draw to ,new ,york4 ,! ent]prise 0 extremely haz>d\s4 ,at eight o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ! emb>kation ( ! army began4 ,all night ) muffl$ o>s ! boatm5 r[$ sil5tly back & =?4 ,at daylight ! movem5t 0 discov]$ by ! ,briti%4 ,!y ru%$ into ! ,am]ican intr5*m5ts & f\nd no?+ b a few wor?less guns4 ,sid5ote3 ,briti% ,occupy ,new ,york4 #ai4 ,! defeat on ,long ,isl& 0 v disa/r\s to ! ,am]ican cause4 ,_m ( ! troops return$ to _! homes4 ,only by con/ant ex]tion did ,wa%+ton keep 8 army f disb&+4 ,! ,briti% fleet an*or$ )9 cannon-%ot ( ,new ,york4 ,wa%+ton retir$ to ! ,heights ( ,h>lem4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,septemb] ! ,briti% l&$ ?ree miles above ,new ,york4 ,!nce !y ext5d$ _! l9es & took possession ( ! city4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,:ite ,pla9s4 #bj4 ,on ! #af? ( ,octob]1 ,h[e emb>k$ 8 =ces1 pass$ into ,long ,isl& ,s\nd1 & l&$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,we/*e/]4 ,! object 0 to get ^u ! ,am]ican flank & cut (f communications ) ! ,ea/]n ,/ates4 ,on ! #bh? a battle 0 br\ght on at ,:ite ,pla9s4 ,! ,am]icans 7 driv5 f "o position1 b intr5*$ !mselves 9 ano!r1 !n )drew to ! heights ( ,nor? ,ca/le4 ,h[e rema9$ = a few days at ,:ite ,pla9s1 & return$ to ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,new ,,york & ,,vic9ity #ba4 ,wa%+ton n[ cross$ to ! we/ bank ( ! ,hudson & took po/ at ,=t ,lee4 ,f\r ?\s& m5 7 left at ,nor? ,ca/le "u ,g5]al ,lee4 ,=t ,wa%+ton1 on ,manhattan ,isl&1 0 def5d$ by ?ree ?\s& m5 "u ,colonel ,magaw4 ,! skillful con/ruction ( ?is =t _h attract$ ! att5tion ( ,wa%+ton1 & l$ to an acqua9tance ) ! eng9e]1 ,,alex&] ,,hamilton1 !n a /ripl+ b tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton retreats to ,tr5ton4 #bb4 ,on ! #af? ( ,novemb]1 ,=t ,wa%+ton 0 captur$ by ! ,briti%4 ,! g>rison 7 made prison]s ( w> & cr[d$ into ! jails ( ,new ,york4 ,two days aft] ! surr5d]1 ,=t ,lee 0 tak5 by ,"l ,cornwallis4 ,wa%+ton ) 8 army1 n[ r$uc$ to ?ree ?\s& m51 retreat$ to ,tr5ton on ! ,delaw>e4 ,no?+ b ! skill ( ! comm&] sav$ ! remnant ( 8 =ces f de/ruction4 #bc4 ,on ! #h? ( ,decemb]1 ,wa%+ton cross$ ! ,delaw>e4 ,cornwallis1 hav+ no boats1 0 oblig$ to wait = ! freez+ ( ! riv]4 ,x 0 se5 t z soon z ! riv] %\ld be froz5 ! ,briti% w\ld m>* into ,philadelphia4 ,congress accord+ly adj\rn$ to ,baltimore4 ,dur+ 8 retreat across ,new ,j]sey1 ,wa%+ton s5t dispat*es to ,g5]al ,lee1 at ,nor? ,ca/le1 to jo9 ! ma9 army z soon z possible4 ,t (fic] took up 8 qu>t]s at ,bask+ ,ridge4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,decemb]1 a squad ( ,briti% cavalry captur$ ,lee & hurri$ him (f to ,new ,york4 ,g5]al ,sullivan took comm& ( ,lee's division1 & ha/5$ to jo9 ,wa%+ton4 ,! entire ,am]ican =ce n[ am\nt$ to a little m ?an six ?\s&4 ,sid5ote3 ,victory at ,tr5ton4 #bd4 ,! tide ( mis=tune turn$ at la/4 ,wa%+ton saw 9 ! disposition ( ! ,briti% =ces an opportunity to /rike a bl[ = 8 c\ntry4 ,! lead]s ( ! enemy 7 (f _! gu>d4 ,! ,hessians on ! ea/ side ( ! riv] 7 spread out f ,tr5ton to ,burl+ton4 ,wa%+ton conceiv$ ! design ( cross+ ! ,delaw>e & /rik+ ! deta*m5t at ,tr5ton be=e a conc5tration ( ! enemy's =ces c\ld be effect$4 ,! ,am]ican army 0 arrang$ 9 ?ree divisions "u ,g5]als ,cadwallad]1 ,ew+1 & ,wa%+ton himself4 ,*ri/mas night 0 select$ z ! "t = ! movem5t4 #be4 ,! ,delaw>e 0 fill$ ) float+ ice4 ,ew+ & ,cadwallad] 7 bo? baffl$ 9 _! ef=ts to cross ! riv]4 ,wa%+ton1 hav+ succe$$ 9 gett+ ov]1 divid$ 8 army ( tw5ty-f\r hundr$ m5 into two columns & press$ =w>d4 ,at eight o'clock 9 ! morn+ ! ,am]icans came ru%+ into ,tr5ton f bo? directions4 ,! ,hessians sprang f _! qu>t]s & attempt$ to =m 9 l9e4 ,colonel ,rall 0 mortally w\nd$4 ,ne>ly a ?\s& ( ! ,hessians ?rew d[n _! arms & begg$ = qu>t]4 ,be=e nightfall ,wa%+ton1 ) 8 army & ! :ole body ( captives1 0 safe on ! o!r side ( ! ,delaw>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c5tral ,,new ,,j]sey #aggh4 ,sid5ote3 ,effect ( ! victory4 #bf4 ,! battle ( ,tr5ton r\s$ ! nation f despond5cy4 ,! militia flock$ to ! g5]al's /&>d2 & f\rte5 hundr$ soldi]s1 ^: t]m ( enli/m5t n[ expir$1 re5t]$ ! s]vice4 ,rob]t ,morris1 ! great f9anci] ( ! ,revolution1 came =w>d ) 8 =tune to ! support ( 8 c\ntry4 #bg4 ,?ree days aft] 8 victory1 ,wa%+ton aga9 cross$ ! ,delaw>e4 ,"h all ! ,am]ican deta*m5ts 9 ! vic9ity 7 ord]$ to assemble4 ,to ,g5]al ,hea?1 /ation$ at ,peekskill1 ,wa%+ton s5t ord]s to move into ,new ,j]sey4 ,! ,briti% fell back f _! outpo/s & conc5trat$ at ,pr9ceton4 ,cornwallis resum$ comm& 9 p]son4 ,s clos$ ! ye>4 ,t5 days previ\sly1 ,h[e only wait$ = ! freez+ ( ! ,delaw>e be=e tak+ up 8 qu>t]s 9 ,philadelphia4 ,n[ x 0 a "q :e!r he w\ld be able to hold a s+le t[n 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,op]ations ,,( #aggg4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 #aggg1 ,wa%+ton's army at ,tr5ton numb]$ ab\t five ?\s& m54 ,on ! next day ,cornwallis approa*$ ) greatly sup]ior =ces4 ,dur+ ! aft]noon !re 0 sev]e skirmi%+ along ! roads ea/ ( ,tr5ton4 ,dur+ ! night ,wa%+ton call$ a c\ncil ( w>1 & x 0 det]m9$ to leave ! camp1 pass ! ,briti% left flank1 & /rike ! enemy at ,pr9ceton4 ,! baggage 0 remov$ to ,burl+ton4 ,! camp-fires 7 brightly k9dl$ & kept burn+ ?r\gh ! night1 :ile ! army 0 9 motion t[>d ,pr9ceton4 ,ev]y?+ 0 done 9 sil5ce4 ,! morn+ light %[$ ! ,briti% s5tries a des]t$ camp4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,pr9ceton4 #b4 ,at sunrise ,wa%+ton 0 ent]+ ,pr9ceton4 ,at ! same "t ! ,briti% 7 m>*+ out to re9=ce ,cornwallis4 ,! ,am]icans met !m 9 ! edge ( ! village1 & ! battle at once began4 ,! ,briti% *>g$ bayonets1 & ! militia gave way 9 confusion4 ,g5]al ,m]c] receiv$ a mortal w\nd4 ,b ! ,p5nsylvania regul>s1 l$ by ! comm&]-9-*ief1 /ood _! gr\nd4 ,wa%+ton ralli$ 8 m5 ) ! greate/ brav]y2 & ! ,briti% 7 r\t$1 ) a loss ( f\r hundr$ & ?irty m5 9 kill$1 w\nd$1 & miss+4 #c4 ,on ! night ( ! #bb;d ( ,may1 ,colonel ,meigs1 ( ,connecticut1 emb>k$ two hundr$ m5 9 :ale-boats1 cross$ ! s\nd1 & attack$ ,sag ,h>bor4 ,! ,briti% 7 ov]p[]$2 only f\r ( !m escap$2 five or six 7 kill$1 & ! rema9+ n9ety 7 made prison]s4 ,! /ores 7 de/roy$ by ! patriots1 :o1 )\t ! loss ( a man1 return$ to ,guil=d4 ,colonel ,meigs 0 rew>d$ by ,congress ) an elegant sword4 #d4 ,! patriot =ces ( ! ,nor? 7 n[ conc5trat$ on ! ,hudson2 & a camp1 "u ,arnold1 0 laid out on ! ,delaw>e4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,may1 ,wa%+ton broke up 8 w9t]-qu>t]s & took an advantage\s position only t5 miles f ! ,briti% camp4 ,h[e cross$ ov] f ,new ,york & ?reat5$ an attack ^u ! ,am]ican l9es4 ,f9ally1 ! ,briti%1 on ! #cj? ( ,june1 cross$ ov] to ,/at5 ,isl&4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,july1 ,g5]al ,prescott1 ( ! ,briti% army1 0 captur$ at a f>m-h\se ne> ,newport4 ,?is gave ! ,am]icans an (fic] ( equal rank to ex*ange = ,g5]al ,lee4 ,congress 9 ! mean "t return$ to ,philadelphia4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr5* ,aid & ,sympa?y4 #e4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! w> ! p ( ,france _h be5 fri5dly to ! ,am]ican cause4 ,by & by _! sympa?y became m outspok54 ,! ,fr5* m9i/]s w\ld d no?+ op5ly to provoke a w> ) ,great ,brita92 b secretly !y rejoic$ at e ,briti% mis=tune4 ,dur+ ! ye> #aggg1 ! ,fr5* manag$ to supply ! colonies ) tw5ty ?\s& muskets & a ?\s& b>rels ( p[d]4 #f4 ,at la/ ! republicans ( ,france began to emb>k = ,am]ica4 ,=emo/ ( all came ! "y ,,m>quis ,,de ,,la ,,fayette4 ,fitt+ a vessel at 8 own exp5se1 he elud$ ! (fic]s1 & ) ! brave ,de ,kalb & a small company ( foll[]s rea*$ ,s\? ,c>ol9a 9 ,april ( #aggg4 ,he ent]$ ! army z a volunte]1 & 9 ! foll[+ ,july 0 commission$ a major-g5]al4 ,sid5ote3 ,burgoyne's ,campaign4 #g4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ev5ts ( ! w> 0 ! campaign ( ,g5]al ,burgoyne4 ,9 comm& ( ! ,engli% =ces 9 ,canada1 he sp5t ! spr+ ( #aggg 9 organiz+ an army ( t5 ?\s& m5 = ! invasion ( ,new ,york4 ,! =ce consi/$ ( ,briti%1 ,hessians1 ,canadians1 & ,indians4 ,! plan ( ! campaign embrac$ a desc5t ^u ,albany & ,new ,york1 & ! cutt+ (f ( ,new ,engl& f ! ,middle & ,s\!rn colonies4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>quis de ,la ,fayette4 #h4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,june1 ,burgoyne rea*$ ,lake ,*ampla91 & on ! #af? proce$$ to ,cr[n ,po9t4 ,?is place 0 occupi$ by ! ,briti%2 & on ! #e? ( ,july1 ,ticond]oga1 :i* 0 def5d$ by ?ree ?\s& m5 "u ,g5]al ,/4 ,clair1 0 captur$4 ,soon aft]w>d ! ,briti% rea*$ ,:itehall & seiz$ a l>ge quantity ( /ores4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,b5n+ton4 #i4 ,at ?is "t ! ,am]ican army ( ! ,nor? 0 comm&$ by ,g5]al ,s*uyl]4 ,8 =ces1 numb]+ betwe5 f\r & five ?\s&1 7 at ,=t ,edw>d4 ,?is place 0 captur$ by ,burgoyne on ! #cj? ( ,july1 ! ,am]icans retreat+ d[n ! ,hudson4 ,! ,briti% g5]al n[ dispat*$ ,colonels ,baum & ,breymann to seize ! /ores at ,b5n+ton1 ,v]mont4 ,colonel ,john ,/>k ralli$ ! ,new ,hamp%ire militia1 & on ! #ae? ( ,augu/ met ! ,briti% ne> ! village4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ !re 0 a furi\s battle1 9 :i* ,baum's =ce 0 completely r\t$4 ,! ,briti% lo/ 9 kill$1 w\nd$1 & prison]s m ?an eight hundr$ m54 ,! c\ntry 0 ?rill$ by ! victory4 #aj4 ,a few days aft] ! battle ( ,b5n+ton1 ,burgoyne receiv$ intellig5ce ( a /ill great] rev]se1 at ,=t ,s*uyl]1 on ! ,mohawk4 ,illu/ration3 ,*>t ( ,,hudson ,,riv]4 #aa4 ,! ,briti% g5]al lo/ a mon? 9 procur+ supplies f ,canada4 ,he n[ f\nd himself hemm$ 9 by n9e ?\s& patriot soldi]s4 ,g5]al ,l9coln arriv$ ) ! militia ( ,new ,engl&4 ,wa%+ton s5t sev]al deta*m5ts f ! regul> army4 ,morgan came ) 8 riflem54 ,g5]al ,gates sup]s$$ ,s*uyl] 9 comm& ( ! nor!rn army4 ,on ! #h? ( ,septemb]1 ! ,am]ican headqu>t]s 7 advanc$ to ,/illwat]4 ,on ! #ad? ( ! mon?1 ,burgoyne cross$ ! ,hudson & took po/ at ,s>atoga4 ,! two armies n[ came face to face4 ,on ! #ai?1 a g5]al battle ensu$1 cont9u+ until nightfall4 ,! conflict1 ?\gh sev]e1 0 indecisive2 ! ,am]icans retir$ )9 _! l9es1 & ! ,briti% slept on ! field4 ,to ! patriots ! result ( ! battle 0 equival5t to a victory4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,bemis's ,heights4 #ab4 ,! condition ( ,burgoyne grew critical4 ,8 supplies fail$2 8 ,canadian & ,indian allies des]t$ 8 /&>d4 ,on ! #g? ( ,octob]1 he haz>d$ ano!r battle1 9 :i* he lo/ 8 brave/ (fic]s & ne>ly sev5 hundr$ privates4 ,! brave ,g5]al ,fras] 0 kill$1 & 8 di%e>t5$ m5 turn$ & fl$ f ! field4 ,! ,am]icans 7 completely victori\s4 ,sid5ote3 ,burgoyne's ,surr5d]4 #ac4 ,burgoyne n[ began a retreat1 & on ! #i? ( ,octob] rea*$ ,s>atoga4 ,"h he 0 int]cept$ by ,gates & ,l9coln1 & =c$ to surr5d]4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,octob] t]ms ( capitulation 7 agre$ on1 & ! :ole army1 numb]+ five ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & n9ety-"o1 became prison]s ( w>4 ,among ! captives 7 six memb]s ( ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t4 ,=ty-two pieces ( brass artill]y1 five ?\s& muskets1 & an imm5se quantity ( /ores 7 ! fruits ( ! victory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,philadelphia ,,& ,,vic9ity4 #ad4 ,z soon z ! invasion 0 at an end1 a l>ge portion ( ! army 0 dispat*$ to aid ,wa%+ton 9 a great campaign 9 progress 9 ! ,s\?4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,july1 ,h[e _h sail$ f ,new ,york1 ) eighte5 ?\s& m51 to attack ,philadelphia4 ,wa%+ton advanc$ 8 headqu>t]s f ,philadelphia to ,wilm+ton4 ,! ,am]ican army1 numb]+ ab\t elev5 ?\s& m51 0 conc5trat$ at t place4 ,! =ces ( ,h[e 7 va/ly sup]ior1 b ,wa%+ton hop$ to beat back ! invad]s & save ! capital4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,br&yw9e4 #ae4 ,on ! #be? ( ,augu/ ! ,briti% l&$ at ,elk ,riv]1 9 ,m>yl&1 & began _! m>* t[>d ,philadelphia4 ,wa%+ton select$ ! ,br&yw9e z 8 l9e ( def5ce4 ,! left w+ 0 /ation$ at ,*ad's ,=d1 :ile ! "r1 "u ,g5]al ,sullivan1 0 ext5d$ up ! riv]4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,septemb] ! ,briti% rea*$ ! opposite bank & began battle4 ,! ,hessians1 "u ,knyphaus51 attack$ at ! =d2 b ! ,briti%1 l$ by ,cornwallis & ,h[e1 m>*$ up ! ,br&yw9e & cross$ above ! ,am]ican "r4 ,sullivan all[$ himself to be outflank$4 ,wa%+ton 0 misl$ by false in=mation2 ! "r w+ 0 cru%$ by ,cornwallis1 & ! day 0 lo/4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% 9 ,philadelphia4 #af4 ,dur+ ! night ! patriots retreat$ to ,we/ ,*e/]4 ,! loss ( ! ,am]icans am\nt$ to a ?\s& m52 t ( ! ,briti% to five hundr$ & eighty-f\r4 ,la ,fayette 0 sev]ely w\nd$4 ,c\nt ,pulaski s di/+ui%$ himself 9 ?is engagem5t t ,congress honor$ him ) ! rank ( brigadi]4 ,wa%+ton cont9u$ 8 retreat z f> z ,g]mant[n4 ,on ! #ae? ( ! mon? he recross$ ! ,s*uylkill & met ,h[e at ,w>r5's ,tav]n4 ,b j z ! conflict 0 beg9n+1 a viol5t tempe/ swept ov] ! field4 ,! combatants 7 delug$1 _! c>tridges soak$1 & fight+ made impossible4 ,h[e succe$$ 9 cross+ ! ,s*uylkill1 & ha/5$ to ,philadelphia4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,septemb] ! city 0 tak51 & ! ma9 division ( ! ,briti% army encamp$ at ,g]mant[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,g]mant[n4 #ag4 ,congress adj\rn$1 fir/ to ,lanca/]1 & aft]w>d to ,york1 :]e !y held _! sessions until ! next summ]4 ,on ! night ( ! #c;d ( ,octob] ,wa%+ton attempt$ to surprise ! ,briti% at ,g]mant[n4 ,b ! roads 7 r\gh1 & ! diff]5t columns rea*$ ! ,briti% outpo/ at irregul> int]vals4 ,!re 0 mu* sev]e fight+1 b ! ,briti% ga9$ possession ( a l>ge /one h\se & c\ld n be dislodg$4 ,! tide turn$ aga9/ ! patriots1 & ! day 0 lo/4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,octob]1 ,=t ,m]c]1 on ! ,delaw>e1 0 tak5 by ,hessians1 :ile ! ,briti% fleet took ,=t ,miffl91 on ,mud ,isl&4 ,g5]al ,h[e ?us obta9$ control ( ! ,delaw>e4 #ah4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,g]mant[n1 ,wa%+ton took up 8 headqu>t]s at ,:ite ,m>%4 ,! patriots began to suff] = food & clo?+4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #b;d ( ,decemb]1 ,h[e held a c\ncil ( w> at ! h\se ( ,lydia ,d>rah 9 ,philadelphia4 ,x 0 decid$ to surprise ,wa%+ton 9 8 camp4 ,b ,lydia1 :o ov]he>d ! plans ( ,h[e1 left ! city on pret5ce ( go+ to mill1 rode to ! ,am]ican l9es1 & gave ! al>m4 ,:5 ! ,briti% approa*$ ,:ite ,m>%1 !y f\nd ! cannons m\nt$ & ! patriots 9 ord] ( battle4 ,! ,briti% g5]al maneuv]$ = f\r days1 & !n m>*$ back to ,philadelphia4 ,illu/ration3 ,valley ,=ge4 ,sid5ote3 ,valley ,=ge4 #ai4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,decemb] ,wa%+ton w5t into w9t] qu>t]s at ,valley ,=ge1 on ! "r bank ( ! ,s*uylkill4 ,?\s&s ( ! soldi]s 7 )\t %oes1 & ! froz5 gr\nd 0 m>k$ ) bloody footpr9ts4 ,log cab9s 7 built1 & ev]y?+ 0 done t c\ld be done to secure ! com=t ( ! suff]+ patriots4 ,b x 0 a long & dre>y w9t]4 ,^! 7 ! d>ke/ days ( ,wa%+ton's life4 ,congress 9 a measure ab&on$ him4 ,_m m5 high 9 milit>y & civil /ation left ! great lead] unsupport$4 ,b ! allegiance ( ! army rema9$ un%ak51 & ! nation's confid5ce 9 ! *iefta9 became /rong] ?an ev]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,ev5ts ,,( #aggh ,,& #aggi4 ,9 ,novemb] ( #aggf ,silas ,deane1 ( ,connecticut1 0 appo9t$ commission] to ,france4 ,8 fir/ s]vice 0 to make a secret arrangem5t to supply ! ,am]icans ) mat]ials = c>ry+ on ! w>4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aggg a %ip1 lad5 ) two hundr$ ?\s& doll>s' wor? ( arms1 ammunition1 & specie1 0 s5t to ,am]ica4 ,sid5ote3 ,negotiations ) ,france4 #b4 ,ar?ur ,lee & ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 7 also appo9t$ by ,congress to negotiate a treaty ) ! ,fr5* k+4 ,9 ,decemb] ( #aggf !y rea*$ ,p>is & began _! duties4 ,= a long "t ,k+ ,l\is & 8 m9i/] /ood alo( f ! propos$ alliance4 ,!y hat$ ,great ,brita91 & gave secret enc\ragem5t to ! colonies2 b an op5 treaty ) ! ,am]icans 0 equival5t to a w> ) ,engl&1 & t ! ,fr5* c\rt dread$4 #c4 ,n[ x 01 t ! g5ius ( ,dr4 ,frankl9 %one ) a peculi> lu/]4 ,at ! gay c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 he /ood z ! repres5tative ( 8 c\ntry4 ,8 wit & g5ial humor made him admir$2 8 tal5ts & c\rtesy comm&$ respect2 8 pati5ce & p]sev]ance gave him f9al success4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( #aggg he rema9$ at ,p>is & ,v]sailles4 ,at la/ came ! news ( ,burgoyne's surr5d]4 ,a p[]ful ,briti% army _h be5 subdu$ by ! coloni/s )\t aid f abroad4 ,?is success induc$ ! k+ to accept ! propos$ alliance ) ! colonies4 ,on ! #f? ( ,febru>y1 #aggh1 a treaty 0 conclud$2 ,france ackn[l$g$ ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ent]$ into relations ( fri5d%ip ) ! new nation4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 #d4 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ! au?or ( ! fir/ treaty betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & a =eign nation1 0 born 9 ,bo/on1 on ! #ag? ( ,janu>y1 #agjf4 ,8 fa!r 0 a manufactur] ( soap & c&les4 ,at ! age ( twelve1 ,b5jam9 0 appr5tic$ to 8 bro!r to le>n ! art ( pr9t+4 ,9 #agbc he w5t to ,philadelphia1 ent]$ a pr9t+-(fice1 & rose to di/9ction4 ,he visit$ ,engl&2 return$2 f\nd$ ! fir/ circulat+ libr>y 9 ,am]ica2 edit$ ,poor ,ri*>d's ,almanac2 discov]$ ! id5tity ( electricity & lightn+2 esp\s$ ! patriot cause2 & devot$ 8 old age to p]fect+ ! ,am]ican ,union4 ,! "n ( ,frankl9 is "o ( ! brighte/ 9 hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,sid5ote3 ,d',e/a+'s ,fr5* ,fleet4 #e4 ,9 ,may ( #aggh ,congress ratifi$ ! treaty ) ,france4 ,a mon? previ\sly a ,fr5* fleet1 "u ,c\nt d',e/a+1 _h be5 s5t to ,am]ica4 ,bo? ,france & ,great ,brita9 imm$iately prep>$ = w>4 ,george ,,iii4 n[ became will+ to treat ) 8 ,am]ican subjects4 ,"l ,nor? br\ght =w>d two bills 9 :i* ev]y?+ ! coloni/s _h claim$ 0 conc$$4 ,! bills 7 pass$ by ,p>liam5t1 & ! k+ ass5t$4 ,commission]s 7 s5t to ,am]ica2 b ,congress in=m$ !m t no?+ b an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld n[ be accept$4 ,sid5ote3 ,briti% ,evacuate ,philadelphia4 #f4 ,! ,briti% army rema9$ at ,philadelphia until ,june ( #aggh4 ,! fleet ( ,admiral ,h[e lay 9 ! ,delaw>e4 ,:5 ! rumor came t ! fleet ( ,d',e/a+ 0 approa*+1 ! ,engli% admiral set sail = ,new ,york4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,june ! ,briti% army evacuat$ ,philadelphia & retreat$ across ,new ,j]sey4 ,wa%+ton occupi$ ! city1 & foll[$ ! retreat+ foe4 ,at ,monm\? ! ,briti% 7 ov]tak54 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #bh? ,g5]al ,lee 0 ord]$ to attack ! enemy4 ,! ,am]ican cavalry "u ,la ,fayette 0 driv5 back by ,cornwallis4 ,lee ord]$ 8 l9e to retire to a /rong] position2 b ! troops mi/ook ! ord] & began a retreat4 ,wa%+ton met ! fugitives & adm9i/]$ a sev]e rebuke to ,lee4 ,! fight cont9u$ until nightfall1 & ,wa%+ton anxi\sly wait$ = ! morn+4 ,dur+ ! night1 h[ev]1 ,cl9ton )drew 8 =ces & escap$4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton & ,lee4 #g4 ,! loss ( ! ,am]icans 0 two hundr$ & tw5ty-sev54 ,! ,briti% left ne>ly ?ree hundr$ dead on ! field4 ,on ! day aft] ! battle ,wa%+ton receiv$ an insult+ lett] f ,lee dem&+ an apology4 ,wa%+ton repli$ t 8 language _h be5 w>rant$ by ! circum/ances4 ,lee answ]$ 9 a /ill m (f5sive mann]1 & 0 !reupon arre/$1 tri$ by a c\rt-m>tial1 & dismiss$ f 8 comm& = twelve mon?s4 ,he nev] re5t]$ ! s]vice1 & did n live to see 8 c\ntry's indep5d5ce4 ,! ,briti% =ces 7 n[ conc5trat$ at ,new ,york4 ,wa%+ton took up 8 headqu>t]s at ,:ite ,pla9s4 ,d',e/a+ repair$ to ,bo/on4 ,h[e return$ to ,new ,york4 ,sid5ote3 ,massacre ( ,wyom+4 #h4 ,! comm& ( ! ,briti% naval =ces 0 n[ transf]r$ to ,admiral ,byron4 ,e>ly 9 ,octob] a b& ( inc5di>ies1 l$ by ,colonel ,f]guson1 burn$ ! ,am]ican %ips at ,little ,egg ,h>bor4 ,9 ! prec$+ ,july1 ,major ,john ,butl]1 9 comm& ( sixte5 hundr$ royali/s1 ,canadians1 & ,indians1 m>*$ into ! valley ( ,wyom+1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! settlem5t 0 def5celess4 ,on ! approa* ( ! tories & savages1 a few militia1 old m51 & boys1 ralli$ to protect _! homes4 ,a battle 0 f\ght1 & ! patriots 7 r\t$4 ,! fugitives fl$ to a =t1 :i* 0 cr[d$ ) wom5 & *ildr54 ,honorable t]ms 7 promis$ by ,butl]1 & ! g>rison capitulat$4 ,on ! #e? ( ,july ! gates 7 op5$ & ! b>b>ians ent]$4 ,imm$iately !y began to plund] & but*]4 ,ne>ly all ! prison]s fell "u ! hat*et & ! scalp+-knife4 ,sid5ote3 ,massacre at ,*]ry ,valley4 #i4 ,9 ,novemb] !re 0 a simil> massacre at ,*]ry ,valley1 ,new ,york4 ,! invad]s 7 l$ by ,joseph ,br&t1 *ief ( ! ,mohawks1 & ,walt] ,butl]1 a son ( ,major ,john ,butl]4 ,! p ( ,*]ry ,valley 7 driv5 f _! homes2 wom5 & *ildr5 7 tomahawk$ & scalp$2 & =ty prison]s dragg$ into captivity4 ,to av5ge ^! outrages1 an exp$ition 0 s5t aga9/ ! savages on ! ,susquehanna2 & !y 7 made to feel ! t]rors ( w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,george ,rog]s ,cl>k 9 ! ,we/4 #aj4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aggh1 ,major ,george ,rog]s ,cl>k1 :o ?ree ye>s previ\sly _h desc5d$ ! ,ohio ,riv] ) a s+le companion1 f ,pittsburgh to ! ,falls ( ! ,ohio1 organiz$ an exp$ition aga9/ ! ,briti% po/s on ! ,waba% & ,mississippi riv]s4 ,all ! c\ntry nor?we/ ( ! riv] ,ohio 0 at ?is "t "u ,briti% au?ority1 b ! scatt]$ :ite inhabitants 7 ne>ly all ,fr5*4 ,! mo/ important po/ 0 ! t[n ( ,v9c5nes1 9 :at 0 aft]w>ds ! ,t]ritory ( ,indiana4 ,major ,cl>k ga!r$ 8 =ces on ,corn ,isl&1 9 ! ,ohio1 betwe5 ! pres5t cities ( ,l\isville & ,jeff]sonville4 ,! regim5t 0 made up ( backwoods militiam5 & hunt]s f ,k5tucky & ! ,upp] ,ohio ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,attack on ,v9c5nes4 #aa4 ,major ,cl>k fir/ desc5d$ ! ,ohio to a suitable po9t1 & l&$ 9 :at 0 aft]w>ds ! ,t]ritory ( ,ill9ois4 ,f ?is po9t he m>*$ across ! c\ntry to ! m\? ( ! ,kaskaskia ,riv]1 :]e1 on ! #d? ( ,july1 #aggh1 he surpris$ & captur$ ! t[n ( ,kaskaskia f ! ,briti%4 ,"h he divid$ 8 =ces1 & s5t "o division aga9/ ! ,briti% po/ ( ,cahokia1 opposite ,/4 ,l\is4 ,?is place also 0 surpris$ & tak54 ,soon aft]w>ds ! ,fr5* inhabitants ( ,v9c5nes rose aga9/ ! ,briti% g>rison1 & took possession ( ! t[n4 ,b ,gov]nor ,hamilton1 ( ,detroit1 came d[n lat] 9 ! ye>1 & ! ,briti% au?ority 0 re/or$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,capture ( ,v9c5nes4 #ab4 ,he>+ ( ?is ev5t1 ,major ,cl>k collect$ 8 =ces at ,kaskaskia1 & 9 ! beg9n+ ( #aggi m>*$ aga9/ ,v9c5nes4 ,at ! same "t he s5t "p ( 8 =ces by wat]1 be>+ a few small cannon 9 a boat ar\nd by ! ,ohio & up ! ,waba%1 to a po9t bel[ ,v9c5nes4 ,at ?is "t ! l[] ,ill9ois c\ntry 0 cov]$ ) wat]1 & ,major ,cl>k's campaign 0 att5d$ ) ! greate/ h>d%ips4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,febru>y1 h[ev]1 he ga9$ a position on ! ,indiana side ( ! ,waba%1 & made an attack on ,v9c5nes4 ,by skillful maneuv]+ he deceiv$ ! ,briti% comm&]1 & on ! #bd? ( ! mon? compell$ him to surr5d]4 ,?us 0 ! great t]ritory nor?we/ ( ! ,riv] ,ohio recov]$ f ! ,briti%1 & secur$ = ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% take ,savannah4 #ac4 ,on ! #c;d ( ,novemb]1 ,c\nt d',e/a+'s fleet sail$ = ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,9 ,decemb]1 ,admiral ,byron left ,new ,york to try ! =tunes ( w> on ! ocean4 ,colonel ,campbell1 ) two ?\s& m51 0 s5t by ,g5]al ,cl9ton = ! conque/ ( ,georgia4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,decemb] ! exp$ition rea*$ ,savannah4 ,! place 0 def5d$ by ,g5]al ,rob]t ,h[e ) eight hundr$ m54 ,a battle 0 f\ght1 & ! ,am]icans 7 driv5 out ( ! city4 ,! patriots cross$ into ,s\? ,c>ol9a & f\nd refuge at ,*>le/on4 ,su* 0 ! only real conque/ made by ! ,briti% dur+ ! ye> #aggh4 #ad4 ,! w9t] ( #aggh-gi 0 pass$ by ! ,am]ican army at ,middlebrook4 ,!re 0 mu* disc\ragem5t among ! soldi]s1 = !y 7 nei!r paid nor f$4 ,b ! influ5ce ( ,wa%+ton prev5t$ a mut9y4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,may ,cl9ton sail$ ) an armam5t up ! ,hudson to ,/ony ,po9t4 ,! g>rison1 unable to resi/1 escap$ f ! =tifications4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,wayne at ,/ony ,po9t4 #ae4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,july ,g5]al ,wayne m>*$ aga9/ ,/ony ,po9t4 ,9 ! ev5+ he halt$ ne> ! =t & gave 8 ord]s4 ,! ,briti% pickets 7 caught & gagg$4 ,ev]y?+ 0 done 9 sil5ce4 ,muskets 7 unload$ & bayonets fix$2 n a gun 0 to be fir$4 ,! assault 0 made a little aft] midnight4 ,! patriots nev] wav]$ 9 ! *>ge4 ,! ramp>ts 7 scal$2 & ! ,briti%1 f9d+ !mselves betwe5 two l9es ( bayonets1 cri$ out = qu>t]4 ,sixty-?ree ( ! enemy fell2 ! rema9+ five hundr$ & =ty-?ree 7 made prison]s4 ,( ! ,am]icans only fifte5 7 kill$ & eighty-?ree w\nd$4 ,g5]al ,wayne secur$ ! ordnance & /ores1 & !n de/roy$ ! =t4 ,sid5ote3 ,campaign aga9/ ! ,indians4 #af4 ,9 ! summ] ( #agii1 f\r ?\s& six hundr$ m51 l$ by ,g5]als ,sullivan & ,james ,cl9ton1 7 s5t aga9/ ! ,indians on ! ,susquehanna4 ,at ,elmira ! savages & tories _h =tifi$ !mselves2 b on ! #bi? ( ,augu/ !y 7 =c$ f _! /ronghold & utt]ly r\t$4 ,! c\ntry betwe5 ! ,susquehanna & ! ,g5esee 0 wa/$ by ! patriots4 ,=ty ,indian villages 7 de/roy$4 ,sid5ote3 ,campaigns 9 ! ,s\?4 #ag4 ,a little lat]1 ! tories1 :o 7 advanc+ to jo9 ! ,briti% at ,augu/a1 7 defeat$ by ! patriots "u ,capta9 ,&]son4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,febru>y !y 7 aga9 ov]tak5 & r\t$ by ,colonel ,pick5s4 ,colonel ,boyd1 ! tory lead]1 & sev5ty ( 8 m5 7 kill$4 ,sev5ty-five o!rs 7 captur$1 & five ( ! r+lead]s hang$4 ,! we/]n half ( ,georgia 0 quickly recov]$ by ! patriots4 #ah4 ,g5]al ,a%e 0 s5t ) two ?\s& m5 to int]cept ! enemy4 ,on ! #be? ( ,febru>y ! ,am]icans cross$ ! ,savannah1 & pursu$ ,campbell z f> z ,bri] ,creek4 ,"h ! patriots came to a halt2 & ,g5]al ,prevo/1 m>*+ f ,savannah1 surr\nd$ ,a%e's comm&4 ,a battle 0 f\ght on ! #c;d ( ,m>*2 ! ,am]icans 7 totally r\t$ & driv5 into ! swamps4 ,by ?is defeat ,georgia 0 aga9 pro/rat$1 & a royal gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$ ov] ! ,/ate4 #ai4 ,)9 a mon? ,g5]al ,l9coln 0 aga9 9 ! field ) five ?\s& m54 ,he advanc$ up ! left bank ( ! riv] 9 ! direction ( ,augu/a2 b1 at ! same "t1 ,g5]al ,prevo/1 n[ comm&+ ! ,briti% =ces 9 ! ,s\?1 cross$ ! ,savannah & m>*$ aga9/ ,*>le/on4 ,g5]al ,l9coln turn$ back to attack him1 & ! ,briti% made a ha/y retreat4 ,! ,am]icans ov]took ! enemy at ,/one ,f]ry1 t5 miles we/ ( ,*>le/on1 b 7 repuls$ ) consid]able loss4 ,prevo/ !n fell back to ,savannah4 ,sid5ote3 ,attempts to retake ,savannah4 #bj4 ,9 ,septemb]1 ,c\nt d',e/a+ arriv$ be=e ,savannah ) 8 fleet4 ,prevo/ conc5trat$ 8 =ces = ! def5ce ( ! city4 ,! ,fr5* effect$ a l&+1 & advanc$ to ! siege4 ,d',e/a+ dem&$ a surr5d]2 b ,prevo/ answ]$ ) a message ( defiance4 ,! siege 0 press$ ) vigor1 & ! city con/antly bomb>d$4 ,b ! def5ces rema9$ un%ak54 ,at la/ ,d',e/a+ notifi$ ,l9coln t ! city mu/ be /orm$4 ,be=e sunrise on ! #i? ( ,octob] ! allies advanc$ ) great vehem5ce aga9/ ! r$\bts ( ! ,briti%1 b 7 driv5 back ) fe>ful losses4 ,c\nt ,pulaski 0 /ruck ) a grape-%ot1 & 0 borne dy+ f ! field4 ,d',e/a+ retir$ on bo>d ! fleet1 & ,l9coln retreat$ to ,*>le/on4 #ba4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,septemb]1 ,paul ,jones1 cruis+ (f ! coa/ ( ,scotl& ) a fleet ( ,fr5* & ,am]ican vessels1 fell 9 ) a ,briti% squadron1 & a bloody battle ensu$4 ,! ,s]apis1 a ,briti% frigate ( =ty-f\r guns1 engag$ ! ,poor ,ri*>d )9 musket-%ot4 ,at la/ ! vessels 7 la%$ toge!r1 & ! ,s]apis /ruck h] colors4 ,jones transf]r$ 8 m5 to ! conqu]$ %ip1 & ! ,poor ,ri*>d w5t d[n4 ,( ! ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-five m5 on bo>d ! fleet ( ,jones1 ?ree hundr$ 7 ei!r kill$ or w\nd$4 ,illu/ration3 ,paul ,jones4 #bb4 ,s clos$ ! ye> #aggi4 ,! national treasury 0 bankrupt4 ,! patriots ( ! army 7 poorly f$1 & paid only ) unkept promises4 ,! disposition ( ,great ,brita9 0 /ill = w>4 ,! levies ( sailors & soldi]s made by ,p>liam5t am\nt$ to "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s&1 :ile ! exp5ses ( ! ,w> ,(fice 7 set at tw5ty million p\nds /]l+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,rev]ses ,,& ,,treason4 ,,ev5ts ,,( #aghj4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr5* ,allies 9 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,dur+ ! ye> #aghj milit>y op]ations at ! ,nor? 7 susp5d$4 ,e>ly 9 ,july ,admiral ,de ,t]nay arriv$ at ,newport ) a ,fr5* squadron1 & six ?\s& l&-troops "u ,c\nt ,ro*ambeau4 ,9 ,septemb] ! comm&]-9-*ief held a conf]5ce ) ,ro*ambeau1 & ! plans ( future campaigns 7 det]m9$4 #b4 ,9 ! ,s\? ! patriots suff]$ _m rev]ses4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a 0 completely ov]run by ! enemy4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,febru>y1 ,admiral ,arbu?not an*or$ be=e ,*>le/on4 ,sir ,h5ry ,cl9ton & five ?\s& m5 7 on bo>d ! fleet4 ,! city 0 def5d$ by f\rte5 hundr$ m5 "u ,g5]al ,l9coln4 ,! ,briti% effect$ a l&+1 & advanc$ up ! "r bank ( ,a%ley ,riv]4 ,on ! #g? ( ,april ,l9coln 0 re9=c$ by sev5 hundr$ ,virg9ians4 ,two days aft]w>ds ,arbu?not succe$$ 9 pass+ ,=t ,m\ltrie1 & came )9 cannon-%ot ( ! city4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% take ,*>le/on4 #c4 ,a siege 0 at once begun1 & prosecut$ ) vigor4 ,f ! beg9n+ ! def5se 0 hopeless4 ,! =tifications 7 beat5 d[n1 & ,l9coln1 dread+ an assault1 agre$ to capitulate4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,may1 ,*>le/on 0 surr5d]$ to ! ,briti%1 & ! g>rison became prison]s ( w>4 ,a few days be=e ! surr5d] ,t>leton surpris$ & disp]s$ a body ( militia on ! ,santee4 ,aft]w>ds ?ree successful exp$itions 7 s5t into diff]5t sections ( ! ,/ate4 #d4 ,! au?ority ( ,great ,brita9 0 ree/abli%$ ov] ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,cl9ton & ,arbu?not return$ to ,new ,york1 & ,cornwallis 0 left to hold ! conqu]$ t]ritory4 ,9 ?is condition ( affairs1 ,?omas ,sumt] & ,francis ,m>ion appe>$ z ! protectors ( ! ,/ate4 ,!y ralli$ ! militia & began an audaci\s p>tisan w>f>e4 ,deta*m5ts ( ! ,briti% 7 swept (f z ?\gh an enemy _h fall5 on !m f ! skies4 ,x 0 "h t "y ,&rew ,jackson1 !n b ?irte5 ye>s ( age1 began 8 c>e] z a soldi]4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>ion's ,ragg$ ,regim5t4 #e4 ,m>ion's company consi/$ ( tw5ty m5 & boys1 :ite & black1 half clad & poorly arm$4 ,b ! numb] increas$1 & ! ,ragg$ ,regim5t soon became a t]ror to ! enemy4 ,!re 0 no tell+ :5 or :]e ! sword ( ! fe>less lead] w\ld fall4 ,dur+ ! summ] & autumn ( #aghj he swept ar\nd ,cornwallis's positions1 mak+ incessant onsets4 #f4 ,g5]al ,gates n[ advanc$ into ! ,c>ol9as4 ,"l ,rawdon conc5trat$ 8 =ces at ,camd54 ,hi!r came ,cornwallis ) re9=cem5ts4 ,! ,am]icans took po/ at ,cl]mont4 ,cornwallis & ,gates ea* =m$ ! design ( surpris+ ! o!r 9 ! night4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #ae? ( ,augu/ !y bo? mov$ f _! camps & met midway on ,s&]'s ,creek4 ,aft] a sev]e battle ! ,am]icans 7 completely defeat$ ) a loss ( m ?an a ?\s& m54 ,b>on ,de ,kalb 0 mortally w\nd$4 ,! reputation ( ,gates 0 bl[n away l *aff1 & he 0 sup]s$$ by ,g5]al ,gre5e4 ,sid5ote3 ,affairs 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 #g4 ,a few days aft] ! battle1 ,sumt]'s corps 0 ov]tak5 & completely r\t$4 ,only ,m>ion rema9$ to h>ass ! enemy4 ,9 ,septemb] ! ,briti% advanc$ into ,nor? ,c>ol9a z f> z ,*>lotte4 ,colonel ,f]guson1 ) elev5 hundr$ regul>s & tories1 0 s5t into ! c\ntry we/ ( ! ,catawba to enc\rage ! royali/s4 ,on ! #g? ( ,octob]1 :ile he & 8 m5 7 encamp$ on ,k+'s ,m\nta91 !y 7 attack$ by a ?\s& riflem5 l$ by ,colonel ,campbell4 ,a desp]ate battle ensu$2 ,f]guson 0 sla91 & ?ree hundr$ ( 8 m5 7 kill$ or w\nd$4 ,! rema9+ eight hundr$ ?rew d[n _! arms & begg$ = qu>t]4 ,t5 ( ! lead+ tory prison]s 7 condemn$ by a c\rt-m>tial & hang$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,c>ol9as ,sid5ote3 ,cont95tal ,pap] ,money4 #h4 ,mean:ile1 ! cr$it ( ! nation 0 s9k+ to ! l[e/ ebb4 ,congress resort$ to pap] money4 ,at fir/ ! cont95tal bills 7 receiv$ at p>2 b ! value ( ! notes rapidly dim9i%$1 until1 by ! middle ( #aghj1 !y 7 n wor? two c5ts to ! doll>4 ,bus9ess 0 p>alyz$ = ! want ( a curr5cy2 b ,rob]t ,morris & a few o!r weal?y patriots came =w>d ) _! private =tunes & sav$ ! colonies f ru94 ,! mo!rs ( ,am]ica also l5t a help+ h&2 & ! patriot soldi]s 7 suppli$ ) food & clo?+4 #i4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! gloom1 ! c\ntry 0 %ock$ by ! news t ,b5$ict ,arnold _h turn$ traitor4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,bemis's ,heights1 9 ! fall ( #aggg1 he _h be5 promot$ to ! rank ( major-g5]al1 & made comm&ant ( ,philadelphia4 ,"h he m>ri$ ! daught] ( a royali/1 & ent]$ ^u a c>e] ( extravagance :i* ov]:elm$ him ) debt4 ,he !n began a sy/em ( frauds on ! commiss>y dep>tm5t ( ! army4 ,*>ges 7 pref]r$ aga9/ him by ,congress1 & he 0 convict$ by a c\rt-m>tial4 ,sid5ote3 ,treason ( ,b5$ict ,arnold4 #aj4 ,seem+ to =get ?is disgrace1 ,arnold obta9$ comm& ( ! =tress ( ,we/ ,po9t1 on ! ,hudson4 ,on ! la/ day ( ,july1 #aghj1 he assum$ control ( ! ars5al & depot ( /ores at t place4 ,he !n ent]$ into a secret correspond5ce ) ,sir ,h5ry ,cl9ton1 & f9ally (f]$ to betray 8 c\ntry4 ,x 0 agre$ t ! ,briti% fleet %\ld asc5d ! ,hudson1 & t ! g>rison & =tress %\ld be giv5 up )\t a /ruggle4 #aa4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,septemb]1 ,cl9ton s5t ,major ,john ,&r to make arrangem5ts = ! surr5d]4 ,&r1 :o 0 adjutant-g5]al ( ! ,briti% army1 w5t a%ore f ! ,vulture ab\t midnight1 & met ,arnold 9 a ?icket4 ,daydawn approa*$1 & ! conspirators ent]$ ! ,am]ican l9es4 ,&r1 disguis+ himself1 assum$ ! "* ( a spy4 ,sid5ote3 ,capture ( ,major ,&r4 #ab4 ,dur+ ! next day ! bus9ess 0 complet$4 ,arnold agre$ to surr5d] ,we/ ,po9t = t5 ?\s& p\nds & a commission z brigadi] 9 ! ,briti% army4 ,&r receiv$ pap]s conta9+ a description ( ,we/ ,po9t1 its def5ces1 & ! be/ me?od ( attack4 ,dur+ t day an ,am]ican batt]y drove ! ,vulture d[n ! riv]1 & ,&r 0 oblig$ to cross to ! o!r side & return by l&4 ,he pass$ ! ,am]ican outpo/s 9 safety2 b at ,t>ryt[n he 0 confront$ by ?ree militiam5,b :o /ripp$ him1 f\nd 8 pap]s1 & deliv]$ him to ,colonel ,jameson at ,nor? ,ca/le4 ,arnold1 on he>+ ! news1 escap$ on bo>d ! ,vulture4 ,&r 0 tri$ by a c\rt-m>tial at ,tappan1 & condemn$ to dea?4 ,on ! #b;d ( ,octob] he 0 l$ to ! gall[s1 &1 "u ! /]n code ( w>1 0 hang$4 ,footnote ,b3 ,john ,pauld+1 ,david ,williams & ,isaac van ,w>t4 ,congress aft]w>ds rew>d$ !m ) silv] m$als & p5sions = life4 ,illu/ration3 ,capture ( ,&r4 #ac4 ,= sev]al ye>s ,holl& _h favor$ ! ,am]icans2 n[ %e began negotiations = a treaty simil> to t betwe5 ,france & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,great ,brita9 discov]$ ! purposes ( ! ,dut* gov]nm5t1 & remon/rat$4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,decemb] an op5 decl>ation ( w> 0 made4 ,?us ! ,ne!rl&s 7 add$ to ! enemies ( ,engl&4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,ev5ts ,,( #agha4 ,sid5ote3 ,mut9y 9 ! ,cont95tal ,army4 ,= ! ,am]icans ! ye> #agha op5$ gloomily4 ,! condition ( ! army 0 desp]ate--no food1 no pay1 no clo?+4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y1 ! :ole ,p5nsylvania l9e mut9i$ & m>*$ on ,philadelphia4 ,at ,pr9ceton !y 7 met by emiss>ies f ,sir ,h5ry ,cl9ton1 & 7 tempt$ ) (f]s ( money & clo?+ if !y w\ld des]t ! ,am]ican /&>d4 ,! patriots answ]$ by seiz+ ! ,briti% ag5ts & deliv]+ !m to ,g5]al ,wayne to be hang$4 ,! commission]s ( ,congress (f]$ ! insurg5ts a l>ge rew>d1 :i* 0 refus$2 & a few lib]al concessions on ! "p ( ! gov]nm5t quiet$ ! mut9y4 #b4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! mon? ! ,new ,j]sey brigade revolt$4 ,?is movem5t ,wa%+ton quell$ by =ce4 ,g5]al ,h[e m>*$ to ! camp ) five hundr$ regul>s & compell$ ! mut9e]s to execute _! own lead]s4 ,f t day ord] 0 re/or$4 ,congress 0 ?or\ghly al>m$4 ,an ag5t 0 s5t to ,france to obta9 a loan ( money4 ,rob]t ,morris 0 appo9t$ secret>y ( f9ance2 & ! ,bank ( ,nor? ,am]ica 0 organiz$ to aid ! gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,traitor ,arnold 9 ! ,briti% ,army4 #c4 ,on arriv+ at ,new ,york1 ,arnold receiv$ 8 commission z brigadi] 9 ! ,briti% army4 ,9 ,janu>y ! traitor began w> on 8 c\ntrym54 ,8 proce$+s 7 m>k$ ) mu* f]ocity4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,ri*mond a va/ quantity ( prop]ty 0 de/roy$4 ,arnold !n took up 8 headqu>t]s 9 ,portsm\?2 & ,wa%+ton1 = ! second "t1 plann$ 8 capture4 ,! ,fr5* fleet 0 ord]$ to coop]ate ) ,la ,fayette 9 ! attempt4 ,b ,admiral ,arbu?not drove ! ,fr5* squadron back to ,rhode ,isl&4 ,la ,fayette ab&on$ ! und]tak+1 & ,arnold aga9 escap$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,%[+ ,,! ,,colonies4 at ! "t ( ,,! ,,revolution4 ,illu/ration3 ,g5]al ,gre5e4 #d4 ,9 ,april1 ,g5]al ,phillips arriv$ at ,portsm\? & assum$ comm& ( ! army4 ,9 ,may ,phillips di$1 & = sev5 days ,arnold held ! supreme comm& ( ! ,briti% =ces 9 ,virg9ia4 ,on ! #bj? ( ! mon? ,"l ,cornwallis arriv$ & ord]$ him to be gone4 ,return+ to ,new ,york he made an exp$ition aga9/ ,new ,london1 9 8 native ,/ate4 ,=t ,griswold1 :i* 0 def5d$ by ,colonel ,l$y>d1 0 c>ri$ by /orm4 ,:5 ,l$y>d surr5d]$1 sev5ty-?ree ( ! g>rison 7 murd]$ 9 cold blood4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle at ,c[p5s4 #e4 ,g5]al ,gre5e 0 n[ 9 comm& ( ! ,am]ican army at ,*>lotte1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 ,g5]al ,morgan 0 s5t into ,s\? ,c>ol9a to repress ! tories4 ,colonel ,t>leton foll[$ ) 8 cavalry4 ,! ,am]icans took a position at ! ,c[p5s1 :]e1 on ! #ag? ( ,janu>y1 !y 7 attack$ by ! ,briti%4 ,t>leton made ! onset ) impetuosity2 b ,morgan's m5 bravely held _! gr\nd4 ,at la/ ! ,am]ican cavalry1 "u ,colonel ,william ,wa%+ton1 made a *>ge & scatt]$ ! ,briti% dragoons l *aff4 ,t5 ,briti% (fic]s & n9ety privates 7 kill$4 #f4 ,:5 ,cornwallis he>d ( ! battle he m>*$ up ! riv] to cut (f ,morgan's retreat4 ,b ,gre5e ha/5$ to ! ,morgan's camp & took comm& 9 p]son4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,janu>y1 ! ,am]icans rea*$ ! ,catawba & cross$ to ! nor!rn bank4 ,)9 two h\rs ! ,briti% arriv$ at ! =d4 ,dur+ ! night ! ra9 p\r$ d[n 9 torr5ts2 ! riv] 0 swoll5 to a flood2 & x 0 _m days be=e ! ,briti% c\ld cross4 ,!n began a race = ! ,yadk94 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,two ,armies 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 #g4 ,! di/ance 0 sixty miles4 ,9 two days ! ,am]icans rea*$ ! riv]4 ,! cross+ 0 ne>ly effect$ :5 ! ,briti% appe>$ 9 sight4 ,t night ! ,yadk9 0 made impassable by ra9s1 & ,cornwallis 0 aga9 delay$4 ,on ! #i? ( ,febru>y ! ,briti% succe$$ 9 cross+4 ,! l9es ( retreat & pursuit 7 n[ ne>ly p>allel4 ,a ?ird "t ! race began1 & aga9 ! ,am]icans won x4 ,on ! #ac? ,gre5e1 ) ! ma9 division1 cross$ ! ,dan into ,virg9ia1 & on ! #bb;d ( ,febru>y return$ into ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,guil=d ,c\r?\se4 #h4 ,gre5e's army n[ numb]$ m ?an f\r ?\s& m54 ,det]m9+ to avoid battle no long]1 he m>*$ to ,guil=d ,c\r?\se4 ,cornwallis mov$ =w>d to ! attack4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,m>* ! two armies met1 & a sev]e b indecisive battle 0 f\ght4 ,! ,am]icans 7 driv5 back = sev]al miles2 b 9 kill$ & w\nd$ ! ,briti% loss 0 greate/4 #i4 ,e>ly 9 ,april1 ,cornwallis retreat$ to ,wilm+ton1 & !n proce$$ to ,virg9ia4 ,! ,briti% =ces 9 ! ,c>ol9as rema9$ "u ,"l ,rawdon4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,may1 ,"l ,rawdon retir$ to ,eutaw ,spr+s4 ,! ,briti% po/s at ,orangeburg & ,augu/a fell into ! h&s ( ! patriots4 ,g5]al ,gre5e pass$ ! sickly mon?s ( summ] 9 ! hill c\ntry ( ! ,santee4 #aj4 ,sumt]1 ,lee1 & ,m>ion 7 con/antly abroad1 smit+ ! tories "r & left4 ,"l ,rawdon n[ w5t to ,*>le/on & became a pr9cipal actor 9 "o ( ! mo/ %ameful sc5es ( ! ,revolution4 ,colonel ,isaac ,hayne1 a patriot :o _h once tak5 an oa? ( allegiance to ! k+1 0 caught 9 comm& ( a troop ( ,am]ican cavalry4 ,he 0 arraign$ be=e ,colonel ,balf\r1 ! comm&ant ( ,*>le/on1 & condemn$ to dea?4 ,rawdon gave 8 sanction1 & ,colonel ,hayne 0 hang$4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,eutaw ,spr+s4 #aa4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,augu/1 ,g5]al ,gre5e m>*$ t[>d ,orangeburg4 ,! ,briti% retir$ to ,eutaw ,spr+s4 ,!re ! ,am]icans ov]took !m on ! #h? ( ,septemb]4 ,"o ( ! fi]ce/ battles ( ! w> ensu$1 & ,g5]al ,gre5e 0 d5i$ a decisive victory only by ! bad conduct ( "s ( 8 troops4 ,aft] los+ five hundr$ & fifty-five m51 he gave up ! /ruggle4 ,! ,briti% lo/ 9 kill$ & w\nd$ ne>ly sev5 hundr$4 ,/u>t retreat$ to ,monk's ,corn]2 ,gre5e foll[$2 & aft] two mon?s ( maneuv]+1 ! ,briti% 7 driv5 into ,*>le/on4 ,9 ! :ole ,s\? only ,*>le/on & ,savannah 7 n[ held by ! k+'s army2 ! latt] city 0 evacuat$ on ! #aa? ( ,july1 & ! =m] on ! #ad? ( ,decemb]1 #aghb4 ,su* 0 ! close ( ! ,revolution 9 ! ,c>ol9as & ,georgia4 ,sid5ote3 ,cornwallis 9 ,virg9ia4 #ab4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 #agha1 ,cornwallis took comm& ( ! ,briti% army 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! c\ntry 0 ravag$1 & prop]ty de/roy$ to ! value ( fifte5 million doll>s4 ,la ,fayette1 to :om ! def5ce ( ! ,/ate _h be5 intru/$1 0 unable to meet ,cornwallis 9 ! field4 ,:ile ! ,briti% 7 ne> ,ri*mond1 a deta*m5t "u ,t>leton proce$$ to ,*>lottesville1 & captur$ ! t[n & sev5 memb]s ( ! legislature4 ,gov]nor ,jeff]son escap$ into ! m\nta9s4 ,! ,briti% m>*$ to ,portsm\?2 b e>ly 9 ,augu/ ! army 0 convey$ to ,yorkt[n1 on ! s\!rn bank ( ,york ,riv]4 ,sid5ote3 ,cornwallis ,blockad$ 9 ,yorkt[n4 #ac4 ,la ,fayette foll[$ & took po/ eight miles f ! ,briti%4 ,dur+ ,july & ,augu/1 ,wa%+ton1 f 8 camp on ! ,hudson1 look$ wi/fully to ! ,s\?4 ,cl9ton 0 kept 9 al>m by false dispat*es1 indicat+ t ! ,am]icans w\ld imm$iately besiege ,new ,york4 ,:5 ,cl9ton 0 in=m$ t ,wa%+ton 0 m>*+ t[>d ,virg9ia1 he w\ld n believe x4 ,wa%+ton press$ rapidly =w>d1 & jo9$ ,la ,fayette at ,williamsburg4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,augu/1 a ,fr5* fleet1 ) f\r ?\s& troops on bo>d1 rea*$ ! ,*esapeake & an*or$ 9 ! m\? ( ,york ,riv]4 ,cornwallis 0 blockad$ by sea & l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,surr5d] ( ,cornwallis4 #ad4 ,c\nt de ,b>ras1 :o comm&$ ! ,fr5* flotilla at ,newport1 also arriv$4 ,on ! #e? ( ,septemb]1 ,admiral ,graves appe>$ 9 ! bay1 & a naval battle ensu$1 9 :i* ! ,briti% %ips 7 r\ghly h&l$4 ,on ! #bh?1 ! alli$ armies encamp$ ar\nd ,yorkt[n & began _! intr5*m5ts4 ,on ! night ( ! #ad?1 ! enemy's out] works 7 c>ri$ by /orm4 ,on ! #af? ! ,briti% made a sortie1 b 7 repuls$4 ,! next day ,cornwallis propos$ a surr5d]2 on ! #ah? t]ms ( capitulation 7 sign$2 & on ! aft]noon ( ! #ai? ! :ole ,briti% army1 consi/+ ( sev5 ?\s& two hundr$ & =ty-sev5 ,engli% & ,hessian soldi]s1 laid d[n _! arms & became prison]s ( w>4 ,?is ev5t virtually t]m9at$ ! w> ( ! ,revolution4 ,sid5ote3 ,news ( ! ,victory4 #ae4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #bc;d ! news 0 borne to ,congress4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #bd?1 ! memb]s w5t 9 conc\rse ) ! citiz5s to ! ,dut* ,lu!ran *ur*1 & turn$ ! aft]noon into a ?anksgiv+4 ,! note ( rejoic+ s\nd$ ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,9 ,engl& ! k+ & 8 m9i/]s he>d ! tid+s ) rage2 b ! ,engli% p 7 secretly pleas$4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,m>*1 #aghb1 ,"l ,nor? & 8 fri5ds resign$ _! (fices4 ,a new m9i/ry 0 =m$1 favorable to peace4 ,! comm& ( ! ,briti% =ces 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 transf]r$ to ,sir ,guy ,c>leton1 a man fri5dly to ,am]ican int]e/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,surr5d] ( ,cornwallis4 #af4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aghb1 ,ri*>d ,oswald 0 s5t by ,p>liam5t to ,p>is1 to conf] ) ,frankl9 & ,jay 9 reg>d to ! t]ms ( peace4 ,john ,adams & ,h5ry ,laur5s also ent]$ into ! negotiations4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,novemb] prelim9>y articles ( peace 7 sign$2 & 9 ! foll[+ ,april ! t]ms 7 ratifi$ by ,congress4 ,on ! #c;d ( ,septemb]1 #aghc1 a f9al treaty 0 effect$ betwe5 all ! nations t _h be5 at w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,treaty ( ,peace4 #ag4 ,! t]ms ( ! ,,treaty ,,( #aghc 7 ^!3 ,a complete recognition ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ! cession by ,great ,brita9 ( ,florida to ,spa92 ! surr5d] ( ! rema9+ t]ritory ea/ ( ! ,mississippi to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ! free navigation ( ! ,mississippi & ! lakes2 & ! ret5tion by ,great ,brita9 ( ,canada & ,nova ,scotia4 #ah4 ,e>ly 9 ,augu/ ,sir ,guy ,c>leton receiv$ in/ructions to evacuate ,new ,york ,city4 ,by ! #be? ( ,novemb] ev]y?+ 0 9 read9ess2 ! ,briti% army 0 emb>k$2 ! sails 7 spread2 ! %ips /ood out to sea & disappe>$4 ,! ,briton 0 gone4 ,aft] ! /ruggles ( an eight ye>s' w> ! patriots _h a*iev$ _! indep5d5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell to ! ,army4 #ai4 ,on ! #d? ( ,decemb] ,wa%+ton assembl$ 8 (fic]s to bid !m a f9al adieu4 ,:5 !y 7 met1 he spoke a few affectionate words to 8 comrades1 :o came =w>d1 & ) te>s & sobs bade him f>ewell4 ,wa%+ton !n dep>t$ to ,annapolis1 :]e ,congress 0 9 session4 ,at ,philadelphia he made a report ( 8 exp5ses dur+ ! w>4 ,! acc\nt1 9 8 own h&writ+1 embrac$ an exp5diture ( sev5ty-f\r ?\s& f\r hundr$ & eighty-five doll>s--all correct to a c5t4 #bj4 ,! r\te ( ! *ief to ,annapolis 0 a cont9u\s triumph4 ,! p by ?\s&s flock$ to ! roadsides to see him pass4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,decemb]1 ,wa%+ton 0 introduc$ to ,congress1 & deliv]$ an address full ( wisdom & mode/y4 ,) great dignity he surr5d]$ 8 commission z comm&]-9-*ief ( ! army4 ,g5]al ,miffl91 ! presid5t ( ,congress1 respond$ 9 an eloqu5t mann]1 & !n ! h]o retir$ to 8 home at ,m\nt ,v]non4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,conf$]ation ,,& ,,union4 ,sid5ote3 ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! ,revolution ! civil gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 9 a deplorable condition4 ,no?+ b ! p]il ( ! c\ntry _h1 9 ! fir/ place1 l$ to ! call+ ( a ,congress4 ,:5 t body assembl$1 x _h no con/itution nor p[] ( effici5t action4 ,! two great wants ( ! c\ntry 7 money to c>ry on ! w>1 & a c5tral au?ority to direct ! w>4 ,:5ev] ,congress w\ld attempt a firm] gov]nm5t1 ! movem5t w\ld be *eck$ by ! remon/rance ( ! colonies4 #b4 ,=emo/ ( ^? :o work$ = bett] gov]nm5t 0 ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,9 #agge he laid be=e ,congress ! plan ( a p]petual conf$]ation ( ! ,/ates4 ,b ! att5tion ( t body 0 occupi$ ) ! w>1 & ,frankl9's measure receiv$ little notice4 ,congress1 )\t any real au?ority1 began to conduct ! gov]nm5t1 & its legislation 0 g5]ally accept$ by ! ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,articles ( ,conf$]ation4 #c4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,june1 #aggf1 a committee 0 appo9t$ by ,congress to prep>e a plan ( conf$]ation4 ,aft] a mon? ! "w 0 complet$ & laid be=e ! h\se4 ,! debates on ! subject cont9u$ at int]vals until ! #ae? ( ,novemb]1 #aggg1 :5 a vote 0 tak5 9 ,congress1 & ! ,,articles ,,( ,,conf$]ation 7 adopt$1 :i* 7 !n transmitt$ to ! ,/ate legislatures = ratification4 ,by !m ! new frame ( gov]nm5t 0 return$ to ,congress ) _m am5dm5ts4 ,^! hav+ be5 consid]$1 ! articles 7 sign$ by ! delegates ( eight ,/ates on ! #i? ( ,july1 #aggh4 ,^? ( ,georgia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,new ,j]sey1 & ,delaw>e sign$ be=e ,febru>y1 ( #aggi4 ,m>yl& did n ass5t until ,m>* ( #agha4 #d4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ! conf$]ation 0 a loose union ( indep5d5t commonweal?s4 ,! executive & legislative p[]s 7 ve/$ 9 ,congress--a body compos$ ( n less ?an two nor m ?an sev5 repres5tatives f ea* ,/ate4 ,! sov]eignty 0 res]v$ to ! ,/ates4 ,!re 0 no *ief magi/rate & no g5]al judici>y4 ,! cons5t ( n9e ,/ates 0 necess>y to complete an act ( legislation4 ,! union 0 decl>$ to be p]petual4 ,sid5ote3 ,inadequacy ( ! ,conf$]ation4 #e4 ,on ! #b;d ( ,m>*1 #agha1 ,congress assembl$ "u ! new gov]nm5t4 ,f ! fir/1 its inadequacy 0 manife/4 ,congress _h no real au?ority4 ,! fir/ duty 0 to provide = ! paym5t ( ! w> debt ( ?irty-eight million doll>s4 ,congress recomm5d$ a g5]al tax4 ,"s ( ! ,/ates made ! levy1 o!rs refus$4 ,rob]t ,morris 0 br\ght to pov]ty 9 a va9 ef=t to su/a9 ! gov]nm5t4 #f4 ,9 ?is condition ( affairs1 ,wa%+ton advis$ ! call+ ( a conv5tion to meet at ,annapolis4 ,9 ,septemb] ( #aghf ! repres5tatives ( five ,/ates assembl$4 ,! que/ions ( a t>iff & a revision ( ! articles ( conf$]ation 7 discuss$4 ,x 0 f9ally resolv$ to adj\rn until ! foll[+ ye>4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,con/itution ,propos$4 #g4 ,congress invit$ ! legislatures to appo9t delegates to ! conv5tion4 ,all ( ! ,/ates except ,rhode ,isl& respond$2 & on ! second ,monday 9 ,may1 #aghg1 ! repres5tatives assembl$ at ,philadelphia4 ,wa%+ton 0 *os5 presid5t ( ! conv5tion4 ,on ! #bi? ,edmund ,r&olph introduc$ a resolution to adopt a new con/itution4 ,a committee 0 accord+ly appo9t$ to revise ! articles ( conf$]ation4 ,e>ly 9 ,septemb]1 ! report ( ! committee 0 adopt$2 & t report 0 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 #h4 ,on ! "q ( adopt+ ! ,con/itution ! p 7 divid$4 ,^? :o favor$ ! new gov]nm5t 7 call$ ,,f$]ali/s2 ^? :o oppos$1 ,,anti-,,f$]ali/s4 ,! lead]s ( ! =m] 7 ,wa%+ton1 ,jay1 ,madison1 & ,hamilton1 ! latt] /atesman ?r[+ 8 :ole en]gies into ! controv]sy4 ,9 ! pap]s call$ ,! ,f$]ali/ he & ,madison answ]$ e objection ( ! anti-,f$]al p>ty4 ,to ,hamilton ! ,republic owes a debt ( gratitude = hav+ e/abli%$ on a firm basis ! true pr9ciples ( free gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,provisions ( ! ,con/itution4 #i4 ,"u ! ,con/itution ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t are arrang$ "u ?ree heads--,,legislative1 ,,executive1 & ,,judicial4 ,! legislative p[] is ve/$ 9 ,congress--compos$ ( a ,s5ate & a ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,! ,s5ators are *os51 = a t]m ( six ye>s1 by ! legislatures ( ! sev]al ,/ates4 ,ea* ,/ate is repres5t$ by two ,s5ators4 ,! ,repres5tatives are elect$ by ! p2 & ea* ,/ate is entitl$ to a numb] ( repres5tatives proportionate to its population4 ,! memb]s ( ?is bran* are *os5 = two ye>s4 #aj4 ,! executive p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ve/$ 9 a ,presid5t1 *os5 = f\r ye>s by ! ,electoral ,college4 ,! electors compos+ ! college are *os5 by ! p2 & ea* ,/ate is entitl$ to a numb] ( electors equal to ! numb] ( its repres5tatives & s5ators 9 ,congress4 ,! duty ( ! ,presid5t is to en=ce ! laws ( ,congress 9 accordance ) ! ,con/itution4 ,he is also comm&]-9-*ief ( ! armies & navies4 ,9 case ( ! dea? or resignation ( ! ,presid5t1 ! ,vice-presid5t becomes *ief magi/rate4 #aa4 ,! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ve/$ 9 a ,supreme ,c\rt & 9 inf]ior c\rts e/abli%$ by ,congress4 ,! highe/ judicial (fic] is ! ,*ief-ju/ice4 ,! judges hold _! (fices dur+ life or good behavior4 ,! "r ( trial by jury is grant$ 9 all cases except ! impea*m5t ( public (fic]s4 ,treason aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates consi/s 9 levy+ w> aga9/ !m1 or 9 giv+ aid to _! enemies4 #ab4 ,! ,con/itution provides t new t]ritories maybe organiz$ & new ,/ates admitt$ into ! ,union2 t to e ,/ate %all be gu>ante$ a republican =m ( gov]nm5t2 & t ! ,con/itution may be alt]$ or am5d$ by ! cons5t ( two ?irds ( bo? h\ses ( ,congress & ?ree f\r?s ( ! legislatures ( ! ,/ates4 ,9 accordance ) ?is provision1 fifte5 am5dm5ts h s9ce be5 made to ! ,con/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/itution ,adopt$4 #ac4 ,be=e ! end ( #aghh elev5 ,/ates _h adopt$ ! ,con/itution4 ,! new gov]nm5t 0 to g into op]ation :5 n9e ,/ates %\ld ratify4 ,= a :ile1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,rhode ,isl& hesitat$4 ,9 accordance ) an act ( ,congress1 ! fir/ ,w$nesday ( ,janu>y1 #aghi1 0 nam$ z ! "t = ! election ( a *ief-magi/rate4 ,! p _h b "o voice z to ! man :o %\ld be honor$ ) t high tru/4 ,e>ly 9 ,april1 ! ballots ( ! electors 7 c\nt$1 & ,george ,wa%+ton 0 unanim\sly *os5 ,presid5t & ,john ,adams ,vice-presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ! #ad? ( ! mon?1 ,wa%+ton receiv$ notification ( 8 election1 & dep>t$ = ,new ,york4 ,8 r\te 0 a con/ant triumph4 ,) ?is ev5t ! era ( nationality 9 ! ,new ,republic is u%]$ 94 ,,review ,,que/ions4--,,"p ,,iv4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 #a4 ,trace ! causes1 g5]al & special1 ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 #b4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! ,/amp ,act ,congress1 & ( ! important measure adopt$ by x4 #c4 ,h[ did ! movem5ts 9 ,am]ica affect ! ,briti% k+ & p>liam5t8 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 #d4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! beg9n+s ( w>1 & ( ! engagem5ts at t "t ab\t ,bo/on4 #e4 ,tell ( ! condition ( ! ,am]ican =ces1 & ( ! appo9tm5t ( a comm&]-9-*ief4 #f4 ,:at 7 ! relations betwe5 ! ,am]ican colonies & ,canada8 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 #g4 ,describe ! milit>y movem5ts ( ! fir/ half ( ! ye> #aggf4 #h4 ,:o 7 ! ,hessians1 & h[ 7 !y br\ght into ?is w>8 #i4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! prep>ation & adoption ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 #aj4 ,foll[ ! milit>y movem5ts ( ! latt] half ( ! ye> #aggf4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 #aa4 ,:at 7 ! milit>y movem5ts ( ! e>ly "p ( ! ye> #aggg8 #ab4 ,tell ( ! attitude ( ,france t[>d ! w>1 & ( ! com+ ov] ( ,la ,fayette & 8 foll[]s4 #ac4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! campaigns "u ,burgoyne4 #ad4 ,trace ! movem5ts 9 ! s\? & along ! ,delaw>e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 #ae4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! treaty ) ,france1 & ( ! com+ ov] ( ! ,fr5* fleet "u ,d',e/a+4 #af4 ,tell ! /ory ( ! massacres at ,wyom+ & at ,*]ry ,valley4 #ag4 ,outl9e ! campaigns ( #aggi4 #ah4 ,:at 0 n[ ! condition ( ! ,am]icans on ! seas8 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 #ai4 ,describe ! milit>y movem5ts ( #aghj4 #bj4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! trea*]y ( ,b5$ict ,arnold4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 #ba4 ,sket* ! campaigns ( #agha4 #bb4 ,tell ( ! surr5d] ( ,cornwallis & ! ,briti% army4 #bc4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! ,treaty ( ,peace1 & ( ! disb&+ ( ! ,am]ican army4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 #bd4 ,tell ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,am]ica 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! w>1 & "u ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation4 #be4 ,:at l$ to ! adoption ( ! new con/itution1 & :at are "s ( its lead+ provisions8 ,,"p ,v4 ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,union4 ,a4 ,d4 #aghi-ahfa4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,wa%+ton',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #aghi-agig4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton's ,inauguration4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,april1 #aghi1 ,wa%+ton 0 inaugurat$ fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! c]emony 0 p]=m$ 9 ,new ,york ,city1 on ! site ( ! ,cu/om-h\se1 9 ,wall ,/reet4 ,*ancellor ,liv+/on1 ( ,new ,york1 adm9i/]$ ! oa? ( (fice4 ,! /reets & h\se-tops 7 ?rong$ ) p2 flags flutt]$2 cannon boom$ f ! ,batt]y4 ,wa%+ton retir$ to ! ,s5ate *amb] & deliv]$ 8 inaugural address4 ,congress _h already be5 organiz$4 #b4 ,! new gov]nm5t 0 emb>rass$ ) _m difficulties4 ,by ! treaty ( #aghc ! free navigation ( ! ,mississippi _h be5 gu>ante$4 ,n[ ! ,spani>ds ( ,new ,orleans h9d]$ ! passage ( ,am]ican %ips4 ,on ! fronti] ! ,r$ m5 7 at w> ) ! settl]s4 ,z to f9ancial cr$it or income1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h none4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fir/ ,cab9et4 #c4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,septemb] an act 0 pass$ by ,congress in/itut+ a dep>tm5t ( =eign affairs1 a treasury dep>tm5t1 & a dep>tm5t ( w>4 ,wa%+ton nom9at$ ,jeff]son z ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs2 ,knox1 ,secret>y ( ,w>2 & ,hamilton1 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury4 ,a ,supreme ,c\rt 0 also organiz$1 ,john ,jay receiv+ ! appo9tm5t ( fir/ ,*ief-ju/ice4 ,edmund ,r&olph 0 *os5 ,attorney-,g5]al4 ,mean:ile1 ! objections ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,rhode ,isl& 7 remov$1 & bo? ,/ates ratifi$ ! ,con/itution1 ! =m] 9 ,novemb] ( #aghi1 & ! latt] 9 ! foll[+ ,may4 ,illu/ration3 ,inauguration ( ,wa%+ton4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,f9ancial ,policy4 #d4 ,! w> debt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ! revolution>y exp5ses ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 am\nt$ to ne>ly eighty million doll>s4 ,hamilton adopt$ a broad & hone/ policy4 ,8 plan propos$ t ! debt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates due to ,am]ican citiz5s1 z well z ! debt ( ! individual ,/ates1 %\ld be assum$ by ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 & t all %\ld be fully paid4 ,by ?is measure ! cr$it ( ! c\ntry 0 va/ly improv$4 ,hamilton's f9ancial s*emes 7 viol5tly oppos$ by ,jeff]son & ! anti-,f$]al p>ty4 ,9 #agia ! ,,bank ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates 0 e/abli%$ by an act ( ,congress4 ,sid5ote3 ,admission ( ,v]mont4 #e4 ,! "q ( fix+ ! seat ( gov]nm5t 0 discuss$2 & x 0 agre$ to e/abli% ! capital = t5 ye>s at ,philadelphia1 & aft]w>ds at "s locality on ! ,potomac4 ,! next measure 0 ! organization ( ! t]ritory s\?we/ ( ! ,ohio4 ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #agia1 ,v]mont1 :i* _h be5 an indep5d5t t]ritory s9ce #aggg1 0 admitt$ into ! ,union z ! f\rte5? ,/ate4 ,! c5sus ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = #agij1 %[$ a population ( ?ree million n9e hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e ?\s&4 ,sid5ote3 ,indian ,tr\bles 9 ! ,n4,w4 ,t]ritory4 #f4 ,9 #agij a w> broke out ) ! ,miami ,indians4 ,^! tribes w5t to w> to recov] ! l&s :i* !y _h c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ,septemb] ,g5]al ,h>m>1 ) f\rte5 hundr$ m51 m>*$ f ,=t ,wa%+ton1 on ! pres5t site ( ,c9c9nati1 to ! ,maumee4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,octob] ! army 0 defeat$1 ) great loss1 at a =d ( ?is /ream4 ,g5]al ,h>m> retreat$ to ,=t ,wa%+ton4 #g4 ,aft] ! defeat ( ,h>m>1 ,g5]al ,/4 ,clair1 ) two ?\s& m51 set out f ,=t ,wa%+ton to break ! p[] ( ! ,miamis4 ,on ! #d? ( ,novemb] he 0 attack$ 9 ! s\?we/ angle ( ,m]c] ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 by m ?an two ?\s& w>riors4 ,aft] a t]rible battle1 ,/4 ,clair 0 completely defeat$1 ) a loss ( half 8 m54 ,! fugitives retreat$ precipitately to ,=t ,wa%+ton4 ,! news ( ! disa/] spread sorr[ ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,/4 ,clair 0 sup]s$$ by ,g5]al ,wayne1 :om ! p _h nam$ ,mad ,an?ony4 ,sid5ote3 ,admission ( ,k5tucky4 #h4 ,! population ( ,k5tucky _h n[ rea*$ sev5ty-?ree ?\s&4 ,sev5te5 ye>s be=e1 ,daniel ,boone1 ! h>dy hunt] ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 _h settl$ at ,boonesbor\gh4 ,h>rodsburg & ,lex+ton 7 f\nd$ ab\t ! same "t4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution ! pione]s 7 con/antly beset by ! savages4 ,aft] ! exp$ition ( ,g5]al ,cl>k1 9 #aggi1 ?\s&s ( immigrants came annually4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,june1 #agib1 ,k5tucky 0 admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,at ! presid5tial election ( #agib1 ,wa%+ton 0 aga9 unanim\sly *os52 z ,vice-presid5t1 ,john ,adams 0 reelect$4 #i4 ,wa%+ton's second adm9i/ration 0 greatly tr\bl$ 9 its relations ) =eign gov]nm5ts4 ,citiz5 ,g5et1 :o 0 s5t by ! ,fr5* republic z m9i/] to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 arriv$ at ,*>le/on1 & 0 greet$ ) great en?usiasm4 ,tak+ advantage ( 8 popul>ity1 he fitt$ out private]s to prey on ! comm]ce ( ,great ,brita91 & plann$ an exp$ition aga9/ ,l\isiana4 ,:5 ,wa%+ton refus$ to ent] into an alliance ) ,france1 ! m9i/] ?reat5$ to appeal to ! p4 ,b ,wa%+ton /ood unmov$1 & dem&$ ! m9i/]'s recall4 ,! au?orities ( ,france he$$ ! dem&1 & ,g5et 0 sup]s$$ by ,m4 ,f\*et4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,:iskey ,insurrection4 #aj4 ,9 #agid ! c\ntry 0 di/urb$ by a difficulty 9 we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 kn[n z ! ,,:iskey ,,insurrection4 ,congress _h1 ?ree ye>s previ\sly1 impos$ a tax on all ard5t spirits di/ill$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,g5et & 8 p>tisans _h incit$ ! p ( ! di/ill+ regions to resi/ ! tax collectors4 ,! disaffect$ rose 9 arms4 ,wa%+ton issu$ two proclamations1 w>n+ ! insurg5ts to disp]se2 b in/ead ( obey+1 !y fir$ ^u ! (fic]s ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,g5]al ,h5ry ,lee1 ) a /rong deta*m5t ( troops1 !n m>*$ to ! sc5e ( ! di/urbance & disp]s$ ! riot]s4 #aa4 ,9 ! fall ( #agic ,g5]al ,wayne ent]$ ! ,indian c\ntry ) a =ce ( ?ree ?\s& m54 ,ne> ! sc5e ( ,/4 ,clair's defeat he built ,=t ,recov]y1 & !n press$ on to ! junction ( ! ,auglaize & ! ,maumee4 ,"h he built ,=t ,defiance4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,augu/ ,wayne ov]took ! savages at ! t[n ( ,waynesfield1 & r\t$ !m ) t]rible losses4 ,! *iefta9s 7 oblig$ to pur*ase peace by c$+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates all ! t]ritory ea/ ( a l9e drawn f ,=t ,recov]y to ! m\? ( ! ,k5tucky ,riv]4 ,?is 0 ! la/ s]vice ( ,g5]al ,wayne4 ,9 ,decemb] ( #agif he di$1 & 0 buri$ at ,presque ,isle4 ,sid5ote3 ,briti% ,private]s4 #ab4 ,9 #agic ,george ,,iii4 issu$ in/ructions to ,briti% private]s to seize all neutral vessels f\nd trad+ 9 ! ,fr5* ,we/ ,indies4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates _h no notification ( ?is measure1 & ,am]ican comm]ce to ! value ( _m millions ( doll>s 0 swept f ! sea4 ,*ief-ju/ice ,jay 0 s5t to dem& r$ress1 & 9 ,novemb] ( #agid an honorable treaty 0 conclud$4 ,x 0 specifi$ 9 ! treaty t ,great ,brita9 %\ld make rep>ation = ! injuries done1 & surr5d] to ! ,unit$ ,/ates c]ta9 ,we/]n po/s :i* until n[ _h be5 held by t c\ntry4 #ac4 ,9 #agie ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,l\isiana 0 settl$4 ,spa9 grant$ to ! ,am]icans ! free navigation ( ! ,mississippi4 ,ab\t ?is "t a difficulty arose ) ! dey ( ,algi]s4 ,= _m ye>s ,alg]9e pirates _h be5 prey+ ^u ! comm]ce ( civiliz$ nations4 ,! dey _h agre$ ) ^! nations t 8 pirate %ips %\ld n attack _! vessels if !y w\ld pay him an annual tribute4 ,! ,alg]9e sea-robb]s 7 n[ turn$ loose on ,am]ican comm]ce1 & ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 also oblig$ to pur*ase safety by pay+ tribute4 ,illu/ration3 ,alg]9e ,pirates4 ,sid5ote3 ,admission ( ,t5nessee4 #ad4 ,9 #agif ,t5nessee1 ! ?ird new ,/ate1 0 admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,! population already numb]$ m ?an sev5ty ?\s&4 ,! fir/ inhabitants ( ,t5nessee 7 z h>dy a race ( pione]s z ev] brav$ ! wild]ness4 #ae4 ,wa%+ton 0 solicit$ to become a c&idate = a ?ird election2 b he refus$4 ,9 ,septemb] ( #agif he issu$ to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 8 ,f>ewell ,address--a docum5t full ( wisdom & patriotism4 ,! political p>ties at once put =w>d _! c&idates--,john ,adams z ! *oice ( ! ,f$]al1 & ,?omas ,jeff]son ( ! anti-,f$]al p>ty4 ,! *ief "q betwe5 ! p>ties 0 :e!r x 0 ! true policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ent] into intimate relations ) ,france4 ,! anti-,f$]ali/s said1 ,yes6 ,! ,f$]ali/s said1 ,no6 ,on t issue ,mr4 ,adams 0 elect$1 b ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 hav+ ! next highe/ numb] ( votes1 became ,vice-presid5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,adams',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #agig-ahja4 ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #agig1 ,presid5t ,adams 0 inaugurat$4 ,f ! beg9n+1 8 adm9i/ration 0 emb>rass$ by political opposition4 ,adet1 ! ,fr5* m9i/]1 urg$ ! gov]nm5t to conclude a league ) ,france aga9/ ,great ,brita94 ,:5 ! ,presid5t & ,congress refus$1 ! ,fr5* ,directory began to dem& an alliance4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,m>* t body issu$ in/ructions to ,fr5* m5-(-w> to assail ! comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,p9ckney1 ! ,am]ican m9i/]1 0 ord]$ to leave ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,adams4 ,sid5ote3 ,tr\bles ) ,france4 #b4 ,^! proce$+s 7 equival5t to a decl>ation ( w>4 ,! ,presid5t conv5$ ,congress 9 extraord9>y session4 ,elbridge ,g]ry & ,john ,m>%all 7 direct$ to jo9 ,mr4 ,p9ckney 9 a f9al ef=t = a peaceable adju/m5t ( ! difficulties4 ,b ! ,directory refus$ to receive ! ambassadors except ^u condition t !y w\ld pay into ! ,fr5* treasury a qu>t] ( a million doll>s4 ,p9ckney answ]$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h millions = def5se1 b n "o c5t = tribute4 ,! envoys 7 !n ord]$ to leave ! c\ntry4 #c4 ,9 #agih an act 0 pass$ by ,congress complet+ ! organization ( ! army4 ,wa%+ton 0 call$ f 8 retirem5t & appo9t$ comm&]-9-*ief4 ,six ,am]ican frigates put to sea1 &1 9 ! fall ( #agii did good s]vice = ! c\ntry4 ,commodore ,truxtun1 9 ! ,con/ellation1 won di/+ui%$ honors4 ,on ! #i? ( ,febru>y1 :ile cruis+ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 he attack$ ! ,insurg5t1 a ,fr5* man-(-w>1 c>ry+ =ty guns & m ?an f\r hundr$ seam54 ,a desp]ate engagem5t ensu$2 & ,truxtun ga9$ a complete victory4 #d4 ,mean:ile1 ,napoleon ,bonap>te _h ov]?r[n ! ,directory ( ,france & made himself ,fir/ ,consul4 ,he imm$iately s\ght peace ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?ree ,am]ican ambassadors 7 s5t to ,p>is1 9 ,m>* ( #ahjj4 ,negotiations 7 at once op5$1 & 9 ! foll[+ ,septemb] 7 t]m9at$ ) a treaty ( peace4 ,illu/ration3 ,home ( ,wa%+ton at ,m\nt ,v]non4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,wa%+ton4 #e4 ,be=e ! w>-cl\d 0 scatt]$ ,am]ica 0 call$ to m\rn ! loss ( ,wa%+ton4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,decemb]1 #agii1 aft] an illness ( only a day1 ! *iefta9 pass$ f among ! liv+4 ,all he>ts 7 t\*$ ) sorr[4 ,congress w5t 9 fun]al procession to ! ,g]man ,lu!ran *ur*1 :]e ,g5]al ,h5ry ,lee deliv]$ a t\*+ & eloqu5t oration4 ,?r\gh\t ! _w ! memory ( ! great dead 0 honor$ ) appropriate c]emonies4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton ,city4 #f4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ,adams & ! eighte5? c5tury drew to a close toge!r4 ,! new ,republic 0 gr[+ /rong & influ5tial4 ,! c5sus ( #ahjj %[$ t ! population ( ! c\ntry _h increas$ to ov] five millions4 ,! sev5ty-five po/-(fices report$ by ! c5sus ( #agij _h be5 multipli$ to n9e hundr$ & ?ree2 ! exports ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h gr[n f tw5ty millions to ne>ly sev5ty-"o millions ( doll>s4 ,9 ,decemb] ( #ahjj1 ,congress assembl$ 9 ,wa%+ton ,city4 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& _h c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 a tract t5 miles squ>e ly+ on bo? sides ( ! ,potomac4 ,! city 0 laid out 9 #agib2 & 9 #ahjj ! population numb]$ betwe5 eight & n9e ?\s&4 #g4 ,) prud5t managem5t ! ,f$]al p>ty might h reta9$ control ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,b mu* ( ! legislation ( ,congress _h be5 unwise & unpopul>4 ,! ,ali5 ,law1 by :i* ! ,presid5t 0 au?oriz$ to s5d =eign]s out ( ! c\ntry1 0 specially odi\s4 ,! ,s$ition ,law1 :i* puni%$ ) f9e & imprisonm5t ! fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press1 0 d5\nc$ z an act ( tyranny4 ,p>tisan excitem5t ran high4 ,mr4 ,adams & ,mr4 ,*>les ,c4 ,p9ckney 7 put =w>d z ! c&idates ( ! ,f$]ali/s1 & ,?omas ,jeff]son & ,a>on ,burr ( ! ,democrats4 ,! election 0 ?r[n into ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & ! *oice fell on ,jeff]son & ,burr4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,jeff]son',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahja-ahji4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 adm9i/ration1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son transf]r$ ! *ief (fices ( ! gov]nm5t to memb]s ( ! ,democratic p>ty4 ,su* action 0 ju/ifi$ by ! adh]5ts ( ! ,presid5t on ! gr\nd t ! affairs ( a republic w be be/ adm9i/]$ :5 ! (fic]s hold ! same political s5tim5ts4 ,"o ( ! fir/ acts ( ,congress 0 to aboli% ! sy/em ( int]nal rev5ues4 ,! unpopul> ,ali5 & ,s$ition laws 7 also repeal$4 #b4 ,9 ! ye> #ahjj a l9e 0 drawn ?r\gh ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory f ! m\? ( ! ,great ,miami ,riv] nor?w>d1 ?r\gh ,=t ,recov]y on ! head wat]s ( ! ,waba%1 to ,canada4 ,two ye>s aft]w>ds ! c\ntry ea/ ( ?is l9e 0 erect$ into ! ,/ate ( ,ohio1 :i*1 9 #ahjc1 0 admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,! portion we/ ( ! l9e 0 organiz$ "u ! "n ( ,,indiana ,,t]ritory4 ,illu/ration3 ,?omas ,jeff]son4 ,sid5ote3 ,indiana ,t]ritory4 #c4 ,! new region ?us br\ght "u civil gov]nm5t embrac$ a va/ area ( c\ntry4 ,x includ$ all ( ! pres5t ,/ates ( ,indiana1 ,mi*igan1 ,ill9ois1 ,wiscons91 & a small portion ( ,m9nesota4 ,v9c5nes 0 made ! capital4 ,! appo9tm5t ( ,gov]nor & ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,indian ,affairs 0 conf]r$ on ,g5]al ,william ,h5ry ,h>rison4 ,! "w impos$ ^u him 0 v great4 ,fir/ appo9t$ by ,presid5t ,john ,adams1 he 0 aft]w>ds reappo9t$ to ! same position by ,presid5ts ,jeff]son & ,madison4 ,repair+ to 8 field ( duty1 he conv5$ ! fir/ ,t]ritorial ,legislature at ,v9c5nes1 9 #ahje1 & ent]$ at once into negotiations ) ! ,indian tribes4 #d4 ,dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,gov]nor ,h>rison1 _m salut>y measures 7 adopt$ ) respect to ! natives4 ,! ,gov]nor s\ght to prev5t ! sale ( intoxicat+ liquors among !m1 & induc$ _m ( ! tribes to submit to inoculation1 z a means ( prev5t+ ! ravages ( smallpox4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahji1 he met a congress ( ! tribes at ,v9c5nes1 & effect$ ! pur*ase ( ab\t ?ree million acres ( valuable l& 9 ! valleys ( ! ,waba% & ,:ite riv]s4 ,x 0 ^! progressive measures :i* ar\s$ ! jeal\sy & al>m ( ! ,r$ m51 & br\ght on ! ,indian w> ( #ahaa4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase4 #e4 ,ab\t ! same "t ( ! organization ( ,indiana ,t]ritory ! ,,mississippi ,,t]ritory 0 organiz$4 ,m important /ill 0 ! pur*ase ( ! va/ region call$ ,l\isiana4 ,9 #ahjj ,napoleon _h compell$ ,spa9 to make a cession ( ?is t]ritory to ,france4 ,he n[ au?oriz$ 8 m9i/] to dispose ( ,l\isiana by sale4 ,! ,presid5t appo9t$ ,mr4 ,liv+/on & ,james ,monroe to negotiate ! pur*ase4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,april1 #ahjc1 t]ms 7 agre$ on2 & = ! sum ( elev5 million two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s ,l\isiana 0 c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x 0 also agre$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld pay c]ta9 debts due f ,france to ,am]ican citiz5s--! sum n to exce$ ?ree million sev5 hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s4 ,?us did t va/ doma9 we/ ( ! ,mississippi pass "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #f4 ,out ( ! s\!rn portion ( ! great prov9ce ! ,,t]ritory ,,( ,,orleans 0 organiz$ ) ! same limits z ! pres5t ,/ate ( ,l\isiana2 ! re/ cont9u$ to be call$ ! ,,t]ritory ,,( ,,l\isiana4 ,v ju/ly did ,mr4 ,liv+/on say to ! ,fr5* m9i/] z !y arose f sign+ ! treaty3 ,?is is ! noble/ "w ( our lives4 #g4 ,9 #ahja ,john ,m>%all became ,*ief-ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ! colonial times1 ! ,engli% con/itution & common law _h prevail$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,:5 ! new ,republic 0 organiz$1 x became necess>y to modify ! pr9ciples ( law & to adapt !m to ! alt]$ =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,?is great "w 0 accompli%$ by ,*ief-ju/ice ,m>%all4 ,sid5ote3 ,w> ) ,tripoli4 #h4 ,! ,m$it]ranean pirates /ill annoy$ ,am]ican m]*antm54 ,! emp]ors ( ,morocco1 ,algi]s1 & ,tripoli became especially tr\blesome4 ,9 #ahjc ,commodore ,preble 0 s5t to ! ,m$it]ranean to protect ,am]ican comm]ce & puni% ! pirates4 ,! frigate ,philadelphia1 "u ,capta9 ,ba9bridge1 sail$ directly to ,tripoli4 ,:5 ne>+ 8 de/9ation1 ,ba9bridge gave *ase to a pirate :i* fl$ = safety to ! h>bor4 ,! ,philadelphia1 9 close pursuit1 ran ^u a reef ( rocks ne> ! %ore1 & 0 captur$ by ! ,tripolitans4 ,! (fic]s 7 treat$ ) "s respect1 b ! crew 7 enslav$4 #i4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,febru>y ,capta9 ,decatur sail$ to ,tripoli 9 a ,moori% %ip1 call$ ! ,intrepid4 ,at nightfall ,decatur /e]$ into ! h>bor1 slipp$ alongside ( ! ,philadelphia1 sprang on deck ) 8 d>+ b&1 & kill$ or drove ov]bo>d e ,moor on ! vessel4 ,9 a mom5t ! frigate 0 fir$2 ,decatur & 8 crew escap$ to ! ,intrepid )\t ! loss ( a man4 #aj4 ,9 ,july ( #ahjd ,commodore ,preble arriv$ at ,tripoli & began a siege4 ,! t[n 0 bomb>d$1 & sev]al ,moori% vessels 7 de/roy$4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ,william ,eaton1 ! ,am]ican consul at ,tunis1 _h organiz$ a =ce1 & 0 m>*+ ov]l& to ,tripoli4 ,hamet1 :o 0 ! rightful sov]eign ( ,tripoli1 0 coop]at+ ) ,eaton 9 an ef=t to recov] 8 k+dom4 ,yusef1 ! ,tripolitan emp]or1 made ov]tures = peace4 ,8 (f]s 7 accept$1 & a treaty 0 conclud$ on ! #d? ( ,june1 #ahje4 ,sid5ote3 ,s*emes ( ,a>on ,burr4 #aa4 ,9 #ahjd ! c\ntry 0 %ock$ by ! intellig5ce t ,vice-presid5t ,burr _h kill$ ,alex&] ,hamilton 9 a duel4 ,z 8 t]m ( (fice drew to a close1 ,burr =esaw t he w\ld n be r5om9at$4 ,9 #ahjc he became a c&idate = gov]nor ( ,new ,york2 b ,hamilton's influ5ce 9 t ,/ate prev5t$ 8 election4 ,burr !reupon s\ght a qu>rel ) ,hamilton1 *all5g$ him1 met him at ,weehawk5 on ! morn+ ( ! #aa? ( ,july1 & delib]ately murd]$ him4 ,?us ! brighte/ intellect 9 ,am]ica 0 put out 9 d>kness4 #ab4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,hamilton1 ,burr fl$ to ! ,s\?4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! next session ( ,congress he return$ to preside ov] ! ,s5ate4 ,!n he took up 8 resid5ce ) an ,engli%man nam$ ,bl5n]hassett1 :o _h built a mansion on an isl& 9 ! ,ohio1 ne> ! m\? ( ! ,musk+um4 ,"h ,burr made a treasonable s*eme to raise a milit>y =ce1 invade ,mexico1 deta* ! ,s\?we/]n ,/ates f ! ,union1 & ov]?r[ ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b 8 purposes 7 suspect$4 ,! milit>y prep>ations at ,bl5n]hassett's ,isl& 7 brok5 up4 ,burr 0 arre/$ 9 ,alabama & tak5 to ,ri*mond to be tri$ = treason4 ,*ief-ju/ice ,m>%all presid$ at ! trial1 & ,burr conduct$ 8 own def5ce4 ,! v]dict 01 ,n guilty--= want ( suffici5t pro(4 ,burr aft]w>d practic$ law 9 ,new ,york1 liv$ to old age1 & di$ 9 pov]ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,lewis & ,cl>ke's ,exp$ition4 #ac4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahjd ,jeff]son 0 reelect$4 ,= ,vice-presid5t1 ,george ,cl9ton ( ,new ,york 0 *os5 9 place ( ,burr4 ,9 ! next ye> a "p ( ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory 0 organiz$ "u ! "n ( ,,mi*igan4 ,9 ! same spr+1 ,capta9s ,lewis & ,cl>ke set out f ! falls ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv] ) ?irty-five soldi]s & hunt]s to explore ,oregon4 ,= two ye>s1 ?r\gh =e/s ( gigantic p9es1 & along ! banks ( unkn[n riv]s1 did !y cont9ue _! explorations4 ,aft] w&]+ among unhe>d-( tribes ( savages1 & trav]s+ a r\te ( six ?\s& miles1 ! adv5tur]s1 ) ! loss ( b "o man1 return$ to civilization4 ,illu/ration3 ,lewis & ,cl>ke's ,exp$ition4 #ad4 ,dur+ ,jeff]son's second t]m1 ! c\ntry 0 mu* agitat$ by ! aggressions ( ! ,briti% navy4 ,engl& & ,france 7 engag$ 9 w>4 ,! ,briti% au?orities /ruck bl[ aft] bl[ aga9/ ! trade betwe5 ,france & =eign nations2 & ,napoleon retaliat$4 ,! plan adopt$ by ! two p[]s 0 to blockade ea* o!r's ports ) m5-(-w>4 ,by su* means ! comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 greatly injur$4 ,sid5ote3 ,aggressions on ,am]ican ,comm]ce4 #ae4 ,9 ,may ( #ahjf ,engl& blockad$ ! :ole coa/ ( ,france4 ,am]ican vessels1 approa*+ ! ,fr5* ports1 7 seiz$ z prizes4 ,! foll[+ ,novemb] ,bonap>te issu$ a decree blockad+ ! ,briti% isles4 ,aga9 ,am]ican m]*antm5 7 subject$ to seizure4 ,9 ,janu>y ( ! next ye> ,great ,brita9 retaliat$ by prohibit+ ! ,fr5* coa/+-trade4 ,^! measures 7 all 9 violation ( ! law ( nations4 #af4 ,great ,brita9 next set up ! peculi> claim ( citiz5%ip1 t :oev] is born 9 ,engl& rema9s ?r\gh life a subject ( ,engl&4 ,engli% cruis]s 7 au?oriz$ to se>* ,am]ican vessels = p]sons suspect$ ( be+ ,briti% subjects4 ,^? :o 7 tak5 7 impress$ z seam5 9 ! ,engli% navy4 ,sid5ote3 ,impressm5t ( ,seam54 #ag4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,june1 #ahjg1 ! frigate ,*esapeake 0 hail$ ne> ,=tress ,monroe by a ,briti% man-(-w> call$ ! ,leop>d4 ,briti% (fic]s came on bo>d & dem&$ to se>* ! vessel = des]t]s4 ,! dem& 0 refus$ & ! %ip cle>$ = action4 ,b be=e ! guns c\ld be *>g$1 ! ,leop>d p\r$ 9 a de/ructive fire & compell$ a surr5d]4 ,f\r m5 7 tak5 f ! captur$ %ip1 ?ree ( :om prov$ to be ,am]ican citiz5s4 ,great ,brita9 disav[$ ?is outrage1 & promis$ rep>ation2 b ! promise 0 nev] fulfill$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,emb>go ,act4 #ah4 ,! ,presid5t issu$ a proclamation =bidd+ ,briti% %ips ( w> to ent] ,am]ican h>bors4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,decemb] ,congress pass$ ! ,,emb>go ,,act1 by :i* all ,am]ican vessels 7 deta9$ 9 ! ports ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! object 0 to cut (f comm]cial int]c\rse ) ,france & ,great ,brita94 ,b aft] f\rte5 mon?s ! emb>go act 0 repeal$4 ,mean:ile1 9 ,novemb] ( #ahjh1 ! ,briti% gov]nm5t publi%$ an ord] 9 c\ncil1 prohibit+ all trade ) ,france & h] allies4 ,!reupon ,napoleon issu$ ! ,milan decree1 =bidd+ all trade ) ,engl& & h] colonies4 ,by ^! outrages ! comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 well-nigh de/roy$4 #ai4 ,:ile ! c\ntry 0 ?us di/ract$1 ,rob]t ,fulton 0 build+ ! ,,fir/ ,,/eamboat4 ,fulton 0 an ,iri%man by desc5t & a ,p5nsylvanian by bir?4 ,8 education 9 boyhood 0 imp]fect1 b 0 aft]w>d improv$ by /udy at ,london & ,p>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,fulton's ,cl]mont4 ,sid5ote3 ,rob]t ,fulton's ,/eamboat4 #bj4 ,return+ to ,new ,york1 he began ! con/ruction ( a /eamboat4 ,:5 ! unga9ly craft 0 complet$1 ,fulton invit$ 8 fri5ds to g on bo>d & enjoy a trip to ,albany4 ,on ! #b;d ( ,septemb]1 #ahjg1 ! cr[ds ga!r$ on ! %ore4 ,! ^w 0 giv51 & ! boat did n move4 ,fulton w5t bel[4 ,aga9 ! ^w 0 giv51 & ! boat mov$4 ,on ! next day ! company rea*$ ,albany4 ,= _m ye>s ?is fir/ rude /eam]1 call$ ! ,cl]mont1 pli$ ! ,hudson4 #ba4 ,jeff]son's adm9i/ration drew to a close4 ,! t]ritorial area ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h be5 va/ly ext5d$4 ,b ! =eign relations ( ! nation 7 tr\bl$4 ,! ,presid5t decl9$ a ?ird election1 & 0 succe$$ by ,james ,madison1 ( ,virg9ia4 ,= ,vice-presid5t1 ,george ,cl9ton 0 reelect$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,madison',s ,,adm9i/ration4--,,w> ,,( #ahab4 ,illu/ration3 ,james ,madison4 ,sid5ote3 ,w> ,?reat5$ ) ,engl&4 ,! new ,presid5t _h be5 a memb] ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress1 a delegate to ! ,con/itutional ,conv5tion ( #aghg1 & ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u ,jeff]son4 ,he ow$ 8 election to ! ,democratic p>ty1 ^: sympa?y ) ,france & ho/ility to ,great ,brita9 7 well kn[n4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,m>* ! emb>go act 0 repeal$ by ,congress1 & ano!r measure adopt$ by :i* ,am]ican %ips 7 all[$ to g abroad1 b 7 =bidd5 to trade ) ,great ,brita94 ,mr4 ,ersk9e1 ! ,briti% m9i/]1 n[ gave notice t by ! #aj? ( ,june ! ord]s 9 c\ncil1 s f> z !y affect$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %\ld be repeal$4 #b4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+ ,bonap>te issu$ a decree = ! seizure ( all ,am]ican vessels t might approa* ! ports ( ,france4 ,b 9 ,novemb] ! decree 0 rev]s$1 & all re/rictions on ! comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 remov$4 ,b ! gov]nm5t ( ,great ,brita9 adh]$ to its =m] measures1 & s5t %ips ( w> to en=ce ! ord]s 9 c\ncil4 #c4 ,! affairs ( ! two nations 7 fa/ approa*+ a crisis4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h fall5 completely "u control ( ! p>ty :i* sympa?iz$ ) ,france4 ,! ,am]ican p1 sm>t+ "u ! insults ( ,great ,brita91 _h adopt$ ! motto ( ,,free ,,trade ,,& ,,sailors' ,,rights1 & _h made up _! m9ds to fight2 ! s5tim5t 0 t w> 0 pref]able to national disgrace4 #d4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahaj ! ?ird c5sus ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 complet$4 ,! population _h increas$ to sev5 million two hundr$ & =ty ?\s& s\ls4 ,! ,/ates n[ numb]$ sev5te52 & sev]al new ,t]ritories 7 prep>+ = admission into ! ,union4 ,! rapid m>* ( civilization we/w>d _h ar\s$ ! jeal\sy ( ! ,r$ m51 & ,indiana ,t]ritory 0 afflict$ ) an ,indian w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,g54 ,h>rison 9 ,indiana4 #e4 ,tecum?a1 *ief ( ! ,%awnees--a brave & sagaci\s w>rior--& 8 bro!r1 call$ ! ,prophet1 7 ! lead]s ( ! revolt4 ,_! plan 0 to unite all ! nations ( ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory 9 a f9al ef=t to beat back ! :ites4 ,:51 9 ,septemb] ( #ahji1 ,gov]nor ,h>rison met ! *iefs ( sev]al tribes at ,=t ,wayne1 & pur*as$ ?ree million acres ( l&1 ,tecum?a refus$ to sign ! treaty1 & ?reat5$ dea? to ^? :o did4 ,9 #ahaj he visit$ ! nations ( ,t5nessee & exhort$ !m to jo9 8 conf$]acy4 #f4 ,gov]nor ,h>rison /ood firm1 s5t = soldi]s1 & mu/]$ ! militia ( ! ,t]ritory4 ,! ,indians began to pr[l ?r\gh ! ,waba% ,valley1 murd]+ & /eal+4 ,! gov]nor !n advanc$ to ,t]re ,haute1 built ,=t ,h>rison1 & ha/5$ t[>d ! t[n ( ! ,prophet1 at ! m\? ( ! ,tippecanoe4 ,:5 )9 a few miles ( ?is place1 ,h>rison 0 met by ,indian ambassadors1 :o ask$ = a conf]5ce on ! foll[+ day4 ,_! reque/ 0 grant$2 & ! ,am]ican army encamp$ = ! night4 ,! place select$ 0 a piece ( high gr\nd cov]$ ) oaks4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,tippecanoe4 #g4 ,be=e daybreak on ! morn+ ( ,novemb] #g?1 #ahaa1 ! savages1 sev5 hundr$ /rong1 crept ?r\gh ! m>%es1 surr\nd$ ,h>rison's position1 & bur/ ^u ! camp4 ,b ! ,am]ican militia f\ght 9 ! d>kness1 held ! ,indians 9 *eck until daylight1 & !n r\t$ !m 9 sev]al vigor\s *>ges4 ,on ! next day1 ! ,am]icans burn$ ! ,prophet's t[n1 & soon aft]w>ds return$ to ,v9c5nes4 ,su* 0 ! success ( ! campaign t ! ,indians 7 ov]aw$1 ! peace ( ! :ite settlem5ts secur$1 & ! way made easy = ! organization & admission ( ! ,/ate ( ,indiana into ! ,union five ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,we/]n ,battle-fields locat$ relatively to ,pres5t ,cities4 #h4 ,mean:ile1 ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h come into conflict on ! ocean4 ,on ! #af? ( ,may1 ,commodore ,rodg]s1 comm&+ ! frigate ,presid5t1 hail$ a vessel (f ! coa/ ( ,virg9ia4 ,in/ead ( a polite answ]1 he receiv$ a cannon-ball 9 ! ma9ma/4 ,rodg]s respond$ ) a broadside1 sil5c+ ! enemy's guns4 ,9 ! morn+--= x 0 already d>k--! ho/ile %ip 0 f\nd to be ! ,briti% sloop-(-w> ,little ,belt4 #i4 ,on ! #d? ( ,novemb]1 #ahaa1 ! twelf? ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates assembl$4 ,_m ( ! memb]s /ill hop$ = peace2 & ! w9t] pass$ )\t decisive measures4 ,on ! #d? ( ,april1 #ahab1 an act 0 pass$ lay+ an emb>go = n9ety days on all ,briti% vessels )9 ! h>bors ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b ,great ,brita9 w\ld n rec$e f h] ho/ile attitude4 ,be=e ! actual outbreak ( ho/ilities1 ,l\isiana1 ! eighte5? ,/ate1 01 on ! #h? ( ,april1 admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,h] population _h already rea*$ sev5ty-sev5 ?\s&4 ,sid5ote3 ,decl>ation ( ,w>4 #aj4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,june a decl>ation ( w> 0 made aga9/ ,great ,brita94 ,vigor\s prep>ations = ! conflict 7 made by ,congress4 ,x 0 ord]$ to raise tw5ty-five ?\s& regul> troops & fifty ?\s& volunte]s4 ,! sev]al ,/ates 7 reque/$ to call out a hundr$ ?\s& militia4 ,a national loan ( elev5 million doll>s 0 au?oriz$4 ,h5ry ,de>born1 ( ,massa*usetts1 0 *os5 comm&]-9-*ief ( ! army4 #aa4 ,! w> 0 begun by ,g5]al ,william ,hull1 gov]nor ( ,mi*igan ,t]ritory4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,june he m>*$ f ,dayton ) fifte5 hundr$ m54 ,= a full mon? ! army toil$ ?r\gh ! =e/s to ! we/]n extremity ( ,lake ,erie4 ,arriv+ at ! ,maumee1 ,hull s5t 8 baggage to ,detroit4 ,b ! ,briti% at ,mald5 7 on ! al]t1 & captur$ ,hull's boat ) ev]y?+ on bo>d4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,am]icans press$ on to ,detroit1 & on ! #ab? ( ,july cross$ ! riv] to ,s&wi*4 #ab4 ,hull1 he>+ t ,mack9aw _h be5 tak5 by ! ,briti%1 soon return$ to ,detroit4 ,f ?is place he s5t ,major ,van ,horne to meet ,major ,bru%1 :o _h rea*$ ! riv] ,rais9 ) re9=cem5ts4 ,b ,tecum?a laid an ambu% = ,van ,horne's =ces & defeat$ !m ne> ,br[n/[n4 ,colonel ,mill]1 ) ano!r deta*m5t1 attack$ & r\t$ ! savages ) great loss1 & !n return$ to ,detroit4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,surr5d] ( ,detroit4 ,illu/ration3 ,engagem5t ( ! ,wasp & ! ,frolic4 #ac4 ,g5]al ,brock1 gov]nor ( ,canada1 n[ took comm& ( ! ,briti% at ,mald54 ,on ! #af? ( ,augu/ he advanc$ to ! siege ( ,detroit4 ,! ,am]icans 9 _! tr5*es 7 eag] = battle4 ,:5 ! ,briti% 7 )9 five hundr$ y>ds1 ,hull hoi/$ a :ite flag ov] ! =t4 ,!n foll[$ a surr5d]1 ! mo/ %ameful 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,all ! =ces "u ,hull's comm& became prison]s ( w>4 ,! :ole ( ,mi*igan ,t]ritory 0 surr5d]$ to ! ,briti%4 ,hull 0 aft]w>d c\rt-m>tial$ & s5t5c$ to be %ot2 b ! ,presid5t p>don$ him4 #ad4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ! fall ( ,detroit1 ,=t ,de>born1 on ! pres5t site ( ,*icago1 0 surr5d]$ to an army ( ,indians4 ,! g>rison capitulat$ on condition ( retir+ )\t mole/ation4 ,b ! savages fell ^u ! retreat+ soldi]s1 kill$ "s1 & di/ribut$ ! re/ z captives4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,w> at ,sea4 #ae4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,augu/ ! frigate ,con/itution1 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,isaac ,hull1 ov]took ! ,briti% ,gu]ri]e (f ! coa/ ( ,massa*usetts4 ,! vessels maneuv]$ = a :ile1 ! ,con/itution clos+ ) h] antagoni/1 until at half pi/ol-%ot %e p\r$ 9 a broadside1 sweep+ ! decks ( ! ,gu]ri]e & decid+ ! conte/4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+1 ! ,gu]ri]e1 be+ unmanageable1 0 bl[n up2 & ,hull return$ to port ) 8 prison]s & spoils4 #af4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,octob] ! ,am]ican ,wasp1 "u ,capta9 ,jones1 fell 9 ) a fleet ( ,briti% m]*antm5 (f ! coa/ ( ,virg9ia4 ,! squadron 0 "u protection ( ! ,frolic1 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,:9yates4 ,a t]rible engagem5t ensu$1 la/+ = ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,f9ally1 ! ,am]ican crew bo>d$ ! ,frolic & /ruck ! ,briti% flag4 ,soon aft]w>ds ! ,poicti]s1 a ,briti% sev5ty-f\r gun %ip1 bore d[n ^u ! sc5e1 captur$ ! ,wasp1 & retook ! wreck ( ! ,frolic4 #ag4 ,on ! #be? ( ! mon? ,commodore ,decatur1 comm&+ ! frigate ,unit$ ,/ates1 captur$ ! ,briti% ,mac$onian1 a %ort di/ance we/ ( ! ,can>y ,isl&s4 ,! loss ( ! enemy 9 kill$ & w\nd$ am\nt$ to m ?an a hundr$ m54 ,on ! #ab? ( ,decemb] ! ,essex1 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,port]1 captur$ ! ,nocton1 a ,briti% packet1 hav+ on bo>d fifty-five ?\s& doll>s 9 specie4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,decemb] ! ,con/itution1 "u comm& ( ,commodore ,ba9bridge1 met ! ,java on ! coa/ ( ,brazil4 ,a furi\s battle ensu$1 cont9u+ = two h\rs4 ,! ,java 0 r$uc$ to a wreck be=e ! flag 0 /ruck4 ,! crew & pass5g]s1 numb]+ upw>d ( f\r hundr$1 7 transf]r$ to ! ,con/itution1 & ! hull 0 burn$ at sea4 ,! news ( ^! victories r\s$ ! en?usiasm ( ! p4 ,sid5ote3 ,van ,r5ssela] at ,que5/[n4 #ah4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,octob] a ?\s& m51 comm&$ by ,g5]al ,/eph5 ,van ,r5ssela]1 cross$ ! ,niag>a ,riv] to capture ,que5/[n4 ,!y 7 resi/$ at ! wat]'s edge2 b ! ,briti% batt]ies on ! heights 7 f9ally c>ri$4 ,! enemy's =ces1 return+ to ! *>ge1 7 a second "t repuls$4 ,! ,am]icans intr5*$ !mselves1 & wait$ = re9=cem5ts4 ,none came2 &1 aft] los+ a hundr$ & sixty m51 !y 7 !n oblig$ to surr5d]4 ,g5]al ,van ,r5ssela] resign$ 8 comm&1 & 0 succe$$ by ,g5]al ,alex&] ,smy?4 #ai4 ,! ,am]icans n[ ralli$ at ,black ,rock1 a few miles nor? ( ,buffalo4 ,f ?is po9t1 on ! #bh? ( ,novemb]1 a company 0 s5t across to ! ,canada %ore1 b ,g5]al ,smy? ord]$ ! advance p>ty to return4 ,a few days aft]w>d1 ano!r cross+ 0 plann$1 ) ! same results4 ,! militia became mut9\s4 ,smy? 0 *>g$ ) c[>dice & depos$ f 8 comm&4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahab ,madison 0 reelect$ ,presid5t2 ! *oice = ,vice-presid5t fell on ,elbridge ,g]ry1 ( ,massa*usetts4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,w> ,,( #ahab4--;,,ev5ts ,,( #ahac4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahac ! ,am]ican army 0 organiz$ 9 ?ree divisions3 ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,nor?1 "u ,g5]al ,wade ,hampton2 ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,c5t]1 "u ,g5]al ,de>born2 ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,we/1 "u ,g5]al ,w9*e/]1 :o 0 soon sup]s$$ by ,g5]al ,h>rison4 ,e>ly 9 ,janu>y ! ,army ( ! ,we/ mov$ t[>d ,lake ,erie to rega9 ! gr\nd lo/ by ,hull4 ,on ! #aj? ( ! mon? ! ,am]ican advance rea*$ ! rapids ( ! ,maumee1 ?irty miles f ,w9*e/]'s camp4 ,a deta*m5t !n press$ =w>d to ,fr5*t[n1 on ! riv] ,rais91 captur$ ! t[n1 & on ! #bj? ( ! mon? 7 jo9$ by ,w9*e/] ) ! ma9 division4 ,sid5ote3 ,ev5ts 9 ! ,we/4 #b4 ,two days aft]w>ds ! ,am]icans 7 assault$ by a ?\s& five hundr$ ,briti% & ,indians "u ,g5]al ,proctor4 ,a sev]e battle 0 f\ght4 ,g5]al ,w9*e/]1 hav+ be5 tak5 by ! enemy1 advis$ 8 =ces to capitulate4 ,! ,am]ican w\nd$ 7 left to ! m]cy ( ! savages1 :o at once complet$ _! "w ( but*]y4 ,! re/ ( ! prison]s 7 dragg$ away1 ?r\gh untold suff]+s1 to ,detroit1 :]e !y 7 aft]w>d ransom$4 #c4 ,g5]al ,h>rison n[ built ,=t ,meigs1 on ! ,maumee4 ,"h he 0 besieg$ by two ?\s& ,briti% & savages1 l$ by ,proctor & ,tecum?a4 ,mean:ile1 ,g5]al ,clay1 ) twelve hundr$ ,k5tuckians1 advanc$ to ! relief ( ! =t4 ,9 a few days ! ,indians des]t$ 9 l>ge numb]s1 & ,proctor1 becom+ al>m$1 ab&on$ ! siege1 & retreat$ to ,mald54 ,sid5ote3 ,ft4 ,meigs & ,ft4 ,/eph5son4 #d4 ,late 9 ,july ,proctor & ,tecum?a1 ) ne>ly f\r ?\s& m51 aga9 besieg$ ,=t ,meigs4 ,fail+ to draw out ! g>rison1 ! ,briti% g5]al fil$ (f ) half 8 =ces & attack$ ,=t ,/eph5son1 at ,l[] ,s&usky4 ,?is place 0 def5d$ by a hundr$ & sixty m5 "u ,colonel ,croghan1 a /ripl+ b tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age4 ,on ! #b;d ( ,augu/ ! ,briti% advanc$ to /orm ! =t4 ,hav+ cr[d$ into ! tr5*1 !y 7 swept away almo/ to a man4 ,! repulse 0 complete4 ,proctor n[ rais$ ! siege at ,=t ,meigs & return$ to ,mald54 ,sid5ote3 ,p]ry on ,lake ,erie4 #e4 ,at ?is "t ,lake ,erie 0 comm&$ by a ,briti% squadron ( six vessels4 ,! "w ( recov]+ ^! wat]s 0 intru/$ to ,commodore ,oliv] ,h4 ,p]ry4 ,8 antagoni/1 ,commodore ,b>clay1 0 a vet]an f ,europe4 ,) great en]gy ,p]ry direct$ ! con/ruction ( n9e %ips1 & 0 soon afloat4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,septemb] ! two fleets met ne> ,put-9 ,bay4 ,! battle 0 begun by ! ,am]ican squadron1 ,p]ry's flag-%ip1 ! ,lawr5ce1 lead+ ! attack4 ,8 pr9cipal antagoni/ 0 ! ,detroit1 "u comm& ( ,b>clay4 ,! ,briti% guns _h ! wid] range1 & 7 bett] s]v$4 ,9 a %ort "t ! ,lawr5ce 0 ru9$1 & ,b>clay's flag%ip 0 almo/ a wreck4 #f4 ,p]ceiv+ h[ ! battle /ood1 ,p]ry seiz$ 8 bann]1 got ov]bo>d into an op5 boat1 pass$ )9 pi/ol-%ot ( ! enemy's %ips1 a /orm ( balls fly+ ar\nd him1 & transf]r$ 8 flag to ! ,niag>a4 ,) ?is p[]ful vessel he bore d[n ^u ! enemy's l9e1 drove "r ?r\gh ! mid/1 dis*>g+ t]rible broadsides "r & left4 ,9 fifte5 m9utes ! ,briti% fleet 0 helpless4 ,p]ry return$ to ! hull ( ! ,lawr5ce1 & !re receiv$ ! surr5d]4 ,& !n he s5t to ,g5]al ,h>rison ?is dispat*3 ,we h met ! enemy1 & !y are ours--two %ips1 two brigs1 "o s*oon]1 & "o sloop4 ,illu/ration3 ,fall ( ,tecum?a at ! ,battle ( ! ,?ames4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ! ,?ames4 #g4 ,= ! ,am]icans ! way 0 n[ op5$ to ,canada4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,septemb] ,h>rison's army 0 l&$ ne> ,mald54 ,! ,briti% retreat$ to ! riv] ,?ames1 & !re fac$ ab\t to fight4 ,! battlefield ext5d$ f ! riv] to a swamp4 ,"h1 on ! #e? ( ,octob]1 ! ,briti% 7 attack$ by ,g5]als ,h>rison & ,%elby4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! battle ,proctor fl$4 ,! ,briti% regul>s 7 brok5 by ! ,k5tuckians "u ,colonel ,ri*>d ,m4 ,johnson4 ,! ,am]icans :eel$ aga9/ ! fifte5 hundr$ ,indians1 :o lay hidd5 9 ! swamp4 ,tecum?a _h /ak$ all on ! issue4 ,= a :ile 8 w>-:oop s\nd$ above ! d9 ( ! conflict4 ,pres5tly 8 voice 0 he>d no long]1 = ! great *iefta9 _h fall54 ,! savages1 appall$ by ! dea? ( _! lead]1 fl$ 9 despair4 ,s end$ ! campaign 9 ! ,we/4 ,all t ,hull _h lo/ 0 rega9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,jackson 9 ,alabama4 #h4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,creeks ( ,alabama _h tak5 up arms4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,augu/1 ,=t ,mims1 =ty miles nor? ( ,mobile1 0 surpris$ by ! savages1 :o murd]$ ne>ly f\r hundr$ p4 ,! gov]nors ( ,t5nessee1 ,georgia1 & ,mississippi made imm$iate prep>ation = invad+ ! c\ntry ( ! ,creeks4 ,! ,t5nesseeans1 "u ,g5]al ,jackson1 7 fir/ to ! rescue4 ,n9e hundr$ m51 l$ by ,g5]al ,c(fee1 rea*$ ! ,indian t[n ( ,tallu%at*ee1 burn$ x1 & left n an ,indian alive4 ,on ! #h? ( ,novemb] a battle 0 f\ght at ,talladega1 & ! savages 7 defeat$ ) sev]e losses4 #i4 ,dur+ ! w9t]1 ,jackson's troops became mut9\s & 7 go+ home4 ,b ! g5]al set !m ! example ( liv+ on acorns1 & ?reat5$ ) dea? ! fir/ man :o /irr$ f ! ranks4 ,& no man /irr$4 ,at ,horse%oe ,b5d ! ,creeks made _! f9al /&4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,m>*1 ! :ites "u ,g5]al ,jackson /orm$ ! brea/works & drove ! ,indians into ! b5d ( ! riv]4 ,!re1 huddl$ toge!r1 a ?\s& ,creek w>riors1 ) ! wom5 & *ildr5 ( ! tribe1 met _! doom4 ,! nation 0 completely conqu]$4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp$ition aga9/ ,toronto4 #aj4 ,on ! #be? ( ,april1 #ahac1 ,g5]al ,de>born emb>k$ 8 =ces at ,sackett's ,h>bor1 & proce$$ aga9/ ,toronto4 ,on ! #bg? ( ! mon?1 sev5te5 hundr$ m51 l&+ ne> ,toronto1 drove ! ,briti% f ! wat]'s edge1 /orm$ a batt]y1 & ru%$ =w>d to c>ry ! ma9 def5ces4 ,at t mom5t ! ,briti% magaz9e blew up ) t]rific viol5ce4 ,two hundr$ m5 7 kill$ or w\nd$4 ,g5]al ,pike 0 fatally injur$2 b ! ,am]icans cont9u$ ! *>ge & drove ! enemy out ( ! t[n4 ,prop]ty to ! value ( a half million doll>s 0 secur$ to ! victors4 #aa4 ,:ile ?is movem5t 0 tak+ place ! enemy made a desc5t on ,sackett's ,h>bor4 ,b ,g5]al ,br[n ralli$ ! militia & drove back ! assailants4 ,! victori\s troops at ,toronto reemb>k$ & cross$ ! lake to ! m\? ( ! ,niag>a4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,may ! ,am]icans1 l$ by ,g5]als ,*&l] & ,w9d]1 /orm$ ,=t ,george4 ,! ,briti% retreat$ to ,burl+ton ,bay1 at ! we/]n extremity ( ! lake4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp$ition aga9/ ,montreal4 #ab4 ,aft] ! battle ( ! ,?ames1 ,g5]al ,h>rison resign$ 8 commission4 ,g5]al ,de>born 0 succe$$ by ,g5]al ,wilk9son4 ,! next campaign embrac$ ! conque/ ( ,montreal4 ,on ! #e? ( ,novemb] sev5 ?\s& m51 emb>k+ tw5ty miles nor? ( ,sackett's ,h>bor1 sail$ aga9/ ,montreal4 ,p>ties ( ,briti%1 ,canadians1 & ,indians1 ga!r+ on ! bank ( ! riv]1 imp$$ ! exp$ition4 ,g5]al ,br[n 0 l&$ ) a consid]able =ce to drive ! enemy into ! int]ior4 ,on ! #aa? ( ! mon? a sev]e b indecisive battle 0 f\ght at a place call$ ,*rysl]'s ,field4 ,! ,am]icans pass$ d[n ! riv] to ,/4 ,regis1 & w5t into w9t] qu>t]s at ,=t ,cov+ton4 #ac4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! ,briti% on ! ,niag>a ralli$ & recaptur$ ,=t ,george4 ,be=e retreat+1 ,g5]al ,mc,clure1 ! comm&ant1 burn$ ! t[n ( ,new>k4 ,! ,briti% & ,indians cross$ ! riv]1 took ,=t ,niag>a1 & fir$ ! villages ( ,y\ng/[n1 ,lewi/on1 & ,man*e/]4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,decemb]1 ,black ,rock & ,buffalo 7 burn$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,w> on ! ,ocean4 #ad4 ,(f ! coa/ ( ,dem]>a1 on ! #bd? ( ,febru>y1 #ahac1 ! sloop-(-w> ,hornet1 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,james ,lawr5ce1 fell 9 ) ! ,briti% brig ,peacock4 ,a t]rible battle ( fifte5 m9utes ensu$1 & ! ,peacock /ruck h] colors4 ,:ile ! ,am]icans 7 transf]r+ ! conqu]$ crew1 ! brig sank4 ,n9e ( ! ,briti% sailors & ?ree ( ,lawr5ce's m5 7 dr[n$4 ,illu/ration3 ,don't give up ! ,%ip4 #ae4 ,on return+ to ,bo/on ! comm& ( ! ,*esapeake 0 giv5 to ,lawr5ce1 & aga9 he put to sea4 ,he 0 soon *all5g$ by ,capta9 ,broke1 ( ! ,briti% ,%annon1 to fight him4 ,ea/w>d f ,cape ,ann ! two vessels met on ! #a/ day ( ,june4 ,! battle 0 ob/9ate1 brief1 dreadful4 ,9 a %ort "t1 e (fic] ( ! ,*esapeake 0 ei!r kill$ or w\nd$4 ,lawr5ce 0 /ruck ) a musket-ball1 & fell dy+ on ! deck4 ,z !y bore him d[n ! hat*way1 he gave 8 la/ ord]--ev] aft]w>ds ! motto ( ! ,am]ican sailor--,,don',t ,,give ,,up ,,! ,,%ip6 ,! ,%annon t[$ h] prize into ! h>bor ( ,halifax4 ,!re ! bodies ( ,lawr5ce & ,ludl[1 second 9 comm&1 7 buri$ by ! ,briti%4 #af4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,augu/ ! ,am]ican brig ,argus 0 ov]tak5 by ! ,pelican & oblig$ to surr5d]4 ,on ! #e? ( ,septemb] ! ,briti% brig ,box] 0 captur$ by ! ,am]ican ,ent]prise (f ! coa/ ( ,ma9e4 ,on ! #bh? ( ! foll[+ ,m>*1 :ile ! ,essex1 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,port]1 0 ly+ 9 ! h>bor ( ,valp>aiso1 %e 0 attack$ by two ,briti% vessels1 ! ,phbe & ! ,*]ub4 ,capta9 ,port] f\ght 8 antagoni/s until ne>ly all ( 8 m5 7 kill$ or w\nd$2 !n /ruck 8 colors & surr5d]$4 ,sid5ote3 ,briti% ,m>aud+4 #ag4 ,f honorable w>f>e ! naval (fic]s ( ,engl& /oop$ to m>aud+4 ,e>ly 9 ! ye>1 ,lewi/on 0 bomb>d$ by a ,briti% squadron4 ,o!r ,briti% m5-(-w> ent]$ ! ,*esapeake & burn$ sev]al villages on ! %ores ( ! bay4 ,at ! t[n ( ,hampton ! soldi]s & m>9es p]petrat$ great outrages4 ,commodore ,h>dy1 to :om ! blockade ( ,new ,engl& _h be5 assign$1 behav$ ) m humanity4 ,ev5 ! ,am]icans prais$ him = 8 honorable conduct4 ,s ! ye> #ahac clos$ )\t decisive results4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,! ,,campaigns ,,( #ahad4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ations ab\t ,niag>a4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahad ano!r invasion ( ,canada 0 plann$2 b !re 0 mu* delay4 ,n until ! #c;d ( ,july did ,g5]als ,scott & ,ripley1 ) ?ree ?\s& m51 cross ! ,niag>a & capture ,=t ,erie4 ,on ! foll[+ day ! ,am]icans advanc$ 9 ! direction ( ,*ippewa village1 b 7 met by ! ,briti%1 l$ by ,g5]al ,riall4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #e? a sev]e battle 0 f\ght on ! pla9 s\? ( ,*ippewa ,creek4 ,! ,am]icans1 l$ on by ,g5]als ,scott & ,ripley1 won ! day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,op]ations ,,ab\t ,,niag>a4 #b4 ,g5]al ,riall retreat$ to ,burl+ton ,heights4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #be? ( ,july1 ,g5]al ,scott1 comm&+ ! ,am]ican "r1 f\nd himself confront$ by ,riall's army1 on ! high gr\nds 9 sight ( ,niag>a ,falls4 ,"h 0 f\ght ! h>de/ battle ( ! w>4 ,scott held 8 own until re9=c$ by o!r divisions ( ! army4 ,! ,briti% res]ves 7 br\ght into action4 ,twilight fad$ into d>kness4 ,a deta*m5t ( ,am]icans1 gett+ ^u ! ,briti% re>1 captur$ ,g5]al ,riall & 8 /aff4 ,! key to ! enemy's position 0 a high gr\nd cr[n$ ) a batt]y4 ,call+ ,colonel ,james ,mill] to 8 side1 ,g5]al ,br[n said1 ,colonel1 take y\r regim5t & /orm t batt]y4 ,i',,ll ,,try1 ,,sir1 0 ,mill]'s answ]2 & he did take x1 & held x aga9/ ?ree assaults ( ! ,briti%4 ,g5]al ,drummond 0 w\nd$1 & ! royal army1 numb]+ five ?\s&1 0 driv5 f ! field ) a loss ( m ?an eight hundr$4 ,! ,am]icans lo/ an equal numb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,colonel ,mill] at ,lundy's ,lane4 #c4 ,aft] ?is battle ( ,niag>a1 or ,lundy's ,lane1 ! ,am]ican =ces fell back to ,=t ,erie4 ,g5]al ,ga9es cross$ ov] f ,buffalo1 & assum$ comm& ( ! army4 ,g5]al ,drummond receiv$ re9=cem5ts1 & on ! #d? ( ,augu/ inve/$ ,=t ,erie4 ,! siege cont9u$ until ! #ag? ( ,septemb]1 :5 a sortie 0 made & ! works ( ! ,briti% 7 c>ri$4 ,g5]al ,drummond !n rais$ ! siege & retreat$ to ,=t ,george4 ,on ! #e? ( ,novemb] ,=t ,erie 0 de/roy$ by ! ,am]icans1 :o recross$ ! ,niag>a & w5t into w9t] qu>t]s at ,black ,rock & ,buffalo4 #d4 ,! w9t] ( #ahac-ad 0 pass$ by ! army ( ! ,nor? at ,=t ,cov+ton4 ,at ?is "t1 ! ,am]ican fleet on ,lake ,*ampla9 0 comm&$ by ,commodore ,mc,donough4 ,! ,briti% g5]al ,prevo/ n[ advanc$ into ,new ,york at ! head ( f\rte5 ?\s& m51 & ord]$ ,commodore ,d[nie to asc5d ! ,sorel ) 8 fleet4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,plattsburgh4 #e4 ,! invad+ army rea*$ ,plattsburgh4 ,commodore ,mc,donough's squadron lay 9 ! bay4 ,on ! #f? ( ,septemb]1 ,macomb retir$ ) 8 =ces to ! s\? bank ( ! ,s>anac4 ,= f\r days ! ,briti% r5ew$ _! ef=ts to cross ! riv]4 ,d[nie's fleet 0 n[ ready = action1 & a g5]al battle 0 plann$ = ! #aa?4 ,prevo/'s army 0 to c>ry ,macomb's position1 :ile ! ,briti% flotilla 0 to be> d[n on ,mc,donough4 ,! naval battle began fir/1 & 0 ob/9ately f\ght = two h\rs & a half4 ,d[nie & _m ( 8 (fic]s 7 kill$2 ! heavi] ,briti% vessels 7 disabl$ & oblig$ to /rike _! colors4 ,! small] %ips escap$4 ,aft] a sev]e action1 ! ,briti% army on ! %ore 0 also defeat$4 ,prevo/ retir$ precipitately to ,canada2 & ! ,engli% m9i/ry began to devise measures ( peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% ,burn ,wa%+ton4 #f4 ,late 9 ! summ] ,admiral ,co*rane arriv$ (f ! coa/ ( ,virg9ia ) an armam5t ( tw5ty-"o vessels4 ,g5]al ,ross1 ) an army ( f\r ?\s& vet]ans1 came ) ! fleet4 ,! ,am]ican squadron1 comm&$ by ,commodore ,b>ney1 0 unable to oppose s p[]ful a =ce4 ,! enemy ent]$ ! ,*esapeake ) ! purpose ( attack+ ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore4 ,! l>g] division sail$ into ! ,patux5t1 & on ! #ai? ( ,augu/1 ! =ces ( ,g5]al ,ross 7 l&$ at ,b5$ict4 ,commodore ,b>ney 0 oblig$ to bl[ up 8 vessels & take to ! %ore4 ,f ,b5$ict ! ,briti% advanc$ aga9/ ,wa%+ton4 ,at ,blad5sburg1 six miles f ! capital1 !y 7 met1 on ! #bd? ( ! mon?1 by ! =ces ( ,b>ney4 ,"h a battle 0 f\ght4 ,! militia behav$ badly2 ,b>ney 0 defeat$ & tak5 prison]4 ,! ,presid5t1 ! cab9et1 & ! p betook !mselves to flight2 & ,ross m>*$ unoppos$ into ,wa%+ton4 ,all ! public build+s except ! ,pat5t ,(fice 7 burn$1 toge!r ) _m ( ! public ar*ives4 ,! unf9i%$ ,capitol & ! ,presid5t's h\se 7 left a mass ( ru9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,siege ( ,baltimore4 #g4 ,five days aft]w>ds a portion ( ! ,briti% fleet rea*$ ,alex&ria4 ,! inhabitants pur*as$ ! =be>ance ( ! enemy by ! surr5d] ( tw5ty-"o %ips1 sixte5 ?\s& b>rels ( fl\r1 & a ?\s& hog%eads ( tobacco4 ,aft] ! capture ( ,wa%+ton1 ,g5]al ,ross proce$$ ) 8 army & fleet to lay siege to ! city ( ,baltimore4 ,! militia1 to ! numb] ( t5 ?\s&1 ga!r$ "u comm& ( ,g5]al ,samuel ,smi?4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,septemb] ! ,briti% 7 l&$ at ! m\? ( ! ,patapsco1 & ! fleet began ! asc5t ( ! riv]4 ,! l&-=ces 7 met by ! ,am]icans "u ,g5]al ,/rick]4 ,a skirmi% ensu$1 9 :i* ,g5]al ,ross 0 kill$2 b ,colonel ,brooks assum$ comm&1 & ! m>* 0 cont9u$4 ,ne> ! city ! ,briti% came ^u ! ,am]ican l9es & 7 br\ght to a halt4 #h4 ,mean:ile ! ,briti% squadron _h asc5d$ ! ,patapsco & begun ! bomb>dm5t ( ,=t ,mc,henry4 ,f sunrise ( ! #ac? until aft] midnight1 ! guns ( ! fleet p\r$ a tempe/ ( %ells ^u ! =tress4,c ,at ! end ( t "t ! works 7 z /rong z at ! beg9n+4 ,! ,briti% _h und]tak5 m ?an !y c\ld accompli%4 ,di%e>t5$ & baffl$1 !y ceas$ to fire4 ,! l&-=ces retir$1 & ! siege ( ,baltimore 0 at an end4 ,footnote ,c3 ,dur+ ! night ( ?is bomb>dm5t1 ,francis ,s4 ,key1 :o 0 deta9$ on bo>d a ,briti% %ip 9 ! bay1 compos$ ,! ,/> ,spangl$ ,bann]4 #i4 ,on ! #i? & #aj? ( ,augu/ ! village ( ,/on+ton1 ,connecticut1 0 bomb>d$ by ,commodore ,h>dy2 b ! ,briti%1 attempt+ to l&1 7 driv5 back4 ,! fi%]ies ( ,new ,engl& 7 brok5 up4 ,! salt-works at ,cape ,cod escap$ by ! paym5t ( heavy ransoms4 ,all ! h>bors f ,ma9e to ,delaw>e 7 blockad$4 ,! =eign comm]ce ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates 0 totally de/roy$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,h>t=d ,conv5tion4 #aj4 ,f ! beg9n+1 _m ( ! p ( ,new ,engl& _h oppos$ ! w>4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,f$]al p>ty cri$ out aga9/ x4 ,! legislature ( ,massa*usetts advis$ ! call+ ( a conv5tion4 ,! o!r ,ea/]n ,/ates respond$ to ! call2 & on ! #ad? ( ,decemb] ! delegates assembl$ at ,h>t=d4 ,! lead]s ( ! ,democratic p>ty did n hesitate to say t ! purposes ( ! assembly 7 disloyal & treasonable4 ,aft] rema9+ 9 session1 ) clos$ doors1 = ne>ly ?ree weeks1 ! delegates publi%$ an address1 & !n adj\rn$4 ,! political prospects ( ^? :o p>ticipat$ 9 ! conv5tion 7 ru9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,affairs 9 ! ,s\?4 #aa4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! w> ! ,spani% au?orities ( ,florida sympa?iz$ ) ! ,briti%4 ,9 ,augu/ ( #ahad a ,briti% fleet 0 all[$ by ! comm&ant ( ,p5sacola to use t po/ = ! purpose ( fitt+ out an exp$ition aga9/ ,=t ,b[y]1 on ! bay ( ,mobile4 ,g5]al ,jackson1 :o comm&$ 9 ! ,s\?1 remon/rat$ ) ! ,spani>ds1 b receiv$ no satisfaction4 ,he !reupon m>*$ a =ce aga9/ ,p5sacola1 /orm$ ! t[n1 & drove ! ,briti% out ( ,florida4 #ab4 ,g5]al ,jackson next le>n$ t ! ,briti% 7 mak+ prep>ations = ! conque/ ( ,l\isiana4 ,repair+ to ,new ,orleans1 he decl>$ m>tial law1 mu/]$ ! militia1 & adopt$ measures = repell+ ! invasion4 ,! ,briti% army1 numb]+ twelve ?\s&1 came f ,jamaica1 "u ,sir ,edw>d ,pak5ham4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,decemb] ! squadron ent]$ ,lake ,borgne1 sixty miles nor!a/ ( ,new ,orleans4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,battle ( ,new ,orleans4 #ac4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ! mon? ,pak5ham's advance rea*$ ! ,mississippi1 n9e miles bel[ ! city4 ,on ! night ( ! #bc;d ,g5]als ,jackson & ,c(fee advanc$ ) two ?\s& ,t5nessee riflem5 to attack ! ,briti% camp4 ,aft] a bloody assault1 ,jackson 0 oblig$ to fall back to a /rong position on ! canal1 f\r miles bel[ ! city4 ,pak5ham advanc$1 & on ! #bh? cannonad$ ! ,am]ican position4 ,on ,new ,ye>'s day ! attack 0 r5ew$1 & ! enemy 0 driv5 back4 ,pak5ham n[ made arrangem5ts = a g5]al battle4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,battle ( ,new ,orleans4 #ad4 ,jackson 0 ready4 ,e>?works _h be5 con/ruct$1 & a long l9e ( cotton-bales & s&-bags ?r[n up = protection4 ,on ! #h? ( ,janu>y ! ,briti% mov$ =w>d4 ,! battle began ) ! light ( morn+1 & 0 end$ be=e n9e o'clock4 ,column aft] column ( ! ,briti% 0 smitt5 ) irretrievable ru94 ,jackson's m5 7 almo/ entirely secure f ! enemy's fire1 :ile e dis*>ge ( ! ,t5nessee & ,k5tucky rifles told ) awful effect on ! expos$ vet]ans ( ,engl&4 ,pak5ham 0 kill$2 ,g5]al ,gibbs 0 mortally w\nd$4 ,only ,g5]al ,lamb]t 0 left to call ! fragm5ts ( ! army f ! field4 ,( ! ,briti%1 sev5 hundr$ 7 kill$1 f\rte5 hundr$ w\nd$1 & five hundr$ tak5 prison]s4 ,! ,am]ican loss am\nt$ to eight kill$ & ?irte5 w\nd$4 #ae4 ,g5]al ,lamb]t retir$ ) 8 ru9$ army4 ,jackson m>*$ into ,new ,orleans & 0 receiv$ ) great en?usiasm4 ,su* 0 ! close ( ! w> on l&4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,febru>y ! ,am]ican ,con/itution1 (f ,cape ,/4 ,v9c5t1 captur$ two ,briti% vessels1 ! ,cyane & ! ,levant4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,m>* ! ,am]ican ,hornet end$ ! conflict1 by captur+ ! ,briti% ,p5gu9 (f ! coa/ ( ,brazil4 ,sid5ote3 ,treaty ( ,gh5t4 #af4 ,already a treaty ( peace _h be5 made4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahad1 ,am]ican commission]s 7 s5t to ,gh5t1 9 ,belgium1 & 7 !re met by ! ambassadors ( ,great ,brita94 ,! ag5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ,james ,a4 ,bay>d1 ,h5ry ,clay1 ,jona?an ,russell1 & ,alb]t ,gallat94 ,on ! #bd? ( ,decemb] a treaty 0 agre$ to & sign$4 ,9 bo? c\ntries ! news 0 receiv$ ) deep satisfaction4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,febru>y ! treaty 0 ratifi$ by ! ,s5ate1 & peace 0 publicly proclaim$4 #ag4 ,! only significance ( ! treaty 0 t ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates agre$ to be at peace4 ,n "o ( ! issues1 to decide :i* ! w> _h be5 und]tak51 0 ev5 m5tion$4 ,( ! impressm5t ( ,am]ican seam5 n a ^w 0 said4 ,! wrongs done to ! comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 n ref]r$ to4 ,( free trade & sailors' rights1 ! battle-cry ( ! ,am]ican navy1 no m5tion 0 made4 ,! treaty 0 *iefly devot$ to ! settlem5t ( unimportant b\nd>ies & ! possession ( "s small isl&s 9 ! ,bay ( ,passamaquoddy4 ,sid5ote3 ,condition ( ! ,c\ntry4 #ah4 ,! c\ntry 0 n[ burd5$ ) a w>-debt ( "o hundr$ million doll>s4 ,! monet>y affairs ( ! nation 7 9 a deplorable condition4 ,! *>t] ( ! ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates expir$ 9 #ahaa1 & ! o!r banks _h be5 oblig$ to susp5d specie paym5t4 ,trade 0 p>alyz$ = ! want ( money4 ,9 #ahaf a bill 0 pass$ by ,congress to re*>t] ! ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,presid5t int]pos$ 8 veto2 b 9 ! foll[+ session ! bill 0 aga9 pass$ 9 an am5d$ =m4 ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #ahag1 ! bank w5t into op]ation2 & ! bus9ess & cr$it ( ! c\ntry began to revive4 ,sid5ote3 ,decatur 9 ! ,b>b>y ,/ates4 #ai4 ,dur+ ! w> ) ,great ,brita9 ! ,alg]9e pirates r5ew$ _! depr$ations on ,am]ican comm]ce4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates n[ ord]$ ,commodore ,decatur to proce$ to ! ,m$it]ranean & *a/ise ! sea-robb]s into submission4 ,aft] captur+ two ( _! frigates he sail$ into ! ,bay ( ,algi]s1 & oblig$ ! fright5$ dey to make a treaty4 ,! ,moori% emp]or releas$ 8 ,am]ican prison]s1 rel9qui%$ all claims to tribute1 & gave a pl$ge t 8 %ips %\ld tr\ble ,am]ican m]*antm5 no m4 ,decatur next sail$ aga9/ ,tunis & ,tripoli1 compell$ ^! /ates to give pl$ges ( good conduct1 & to pay l>ge sums = =m] depr$ations4 ,sid5ote3 ,indiana ,admitt$4 #bj4 ,! close ( ,madison's adm9i/ration 0 signaliz$ by ! admission ( ,indiana into ! ,union4 ,! new commonweal? 0 admitt$ 9 ,decemb]1 #ahaf4 ,ab\t ! same "t 0 f\nd$ ! ,colonization ,society ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,_m di/+ui%$ ,am]icans became memb]s ( ! association1 ! object ( :i* 0 to provide a refuge = free p]sons ( color4 ,lib]ia1 9 we/]n ,africa1 0 select$ z ! seat ( ! propos$ colony4 ,immigrants arriv$ 9 suffici5t numb]s to f\nd a fl\ri%+ negro ,/ate4 ,! capital 0 nam$ ,monrovia1 9 honor ( ,james ,monroe1 :o1 9 ! fall ( #ahaf1 0 elect$ z ,madison's successor4 ,daniel ,d4 ,tompk9s1 ( ,new ,york1 0 *os5 ,vice-presid5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,,monroe',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahag-ahbe4 ,illu/ration3 ,james ,monroe4 ,! policy ( ,madison 0 adopt$ by 8 successor4 ,! /ormy times ( ! w> gave place to _m ye>s ( peace4 ,! new ,presid5t 0 a native ( ,virg9ia1 a man ( great tal5ts & accompli%m5ts4 ,he _h be5 a ,revolution>y soldi]1 a memb] ( ,congress1 gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 envoy to ,france & ,engl&1 & ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u ,madison4 ,! memb]s ( ! cab9et 73 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate2 ,william ,h4 ,craw=d1 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury2 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 ,secret>y ( ,w>2 ,william ,wirt1 ,attorney-g5]al4 ,/atesm5 ( all p>ties devot$ _! en]gies to ! paym5t ( ! national debt4 ,comm]ce soon reviv$2 ! gov]nm5t 0 economically adm9i/]$1 & 9 a few ye>s ! debt 0 hone/ly paid4 ,sid5ote3 ,mississippi ,admitt$4 #b4 ,9 ,decemb] ( #ahag ,mississippi 0 organiz$ & admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,! new ,/ate came ) a population ( sixty-five ?\s& s\ls4 ,at ! same "t ! att5tion ( ! gov]nm5t 0 call$ to a ne/ ( pirates on ,amelia ,isl&1 (f ! coa/ ( ,florida4 ,an armam5t 0 s5t aga9/ !m1 & ! lawless e/abli%m5t 0 brok5 up4 ,ano!r company1 on ! isl& ( ,galve/on1 0 also suppress$4 #c4 ,! "q ( int]nal improvem5ts n[ began to be agitat$4 ,)\t railroads & canals ! products ( ! int]ior c\ld nev] rea* a m>ket4 ,:e!r ,congress _h a "r to vote money to make public improvem5ts 0 a "q ( debate4 ,among ! ,/ates1 ,new ,york took ! lead 9 improvem5ts by con/ruct+ a canal f ,buffalo to ,albany4 ,! co/ ( ! "w 0 ne>ly eight million doll>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,tr\ble ) ! ,sem9oles4 #d4 ,9 #ahag ! ,sem9ole ,indians ( ,georgia & ,alabama became ho/ile4 ,"s negroes & ,creeks jo9$ ! savages 9 _! depr$ations4 ,g5]al ,jackson 0 ord]$ to r$uce ! ,indians to submission4 ,he mu/]$ a ?\s& riflem5 f ,t5nessee1 & 9 ! spr+ ( #ahah completely ov]ran ! ho/ile c\ntry4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,cession ( ,florida4 #e4 ,:ile on ?is exp$ition1 ,jackson took possession ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,! ,spani% troops /ation$ !re 7 remov$ to ,p5sacola4 ,two ,engli%m51 nam$ ,arbu?not & ,ambri/]1 *>g$ ) incit+ ! ,sem9oles to insurrection1 7 tri$ by a c\rt-m>tial & hang$4 ,jackson !n captur$ ,p5sacola1 & s5t ! ,spani% au?orities to ,havana4 ,! enemies ( ,g5]al ,jackson condemn$ him = ^! proce$+s1 b ! ,presid5t & ,congress ju/ifi$ 8 de$s4 ,! k+ ( ,spa9 n[ propos$ to c$e ,florida to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,febru>y1 #ahai1 a treaty 0 conclud$ at ,wa%+ton ,city by :i* ! :ole prov9ce 0 surr5d]$ to ! ,am]ican gov]nm5t4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates agre$ to rel9qui% all claim to ,texas1 & to pay to ,am]ican citiz5s1 = depr$ations committ$ by ,spani% vessels1 five million doll>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,/ates4 #f4 ,9 #ahah ,ill9ois1 ! tw5ty-fir/ ,/ate1 0 organiz$ & admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,! population ( ! new commonweal? 0 =ty-sev5 ?\s&4 ,9 ,decemb] ( #ahai ,alabama 0 add$1 ) a population ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five ?\s&4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,arkansas ,t]ritory 0 organiz$4 ,9 #ahbj ! prov9ce ( ,ma9e 0 sep>at$ f ,massa*usetts & admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,! population ( ! new ,/ate _h rea*$ two hundr$ & n9ety-eight ?\s&4 ,9 ,augu/ ( #ahba ,miss\ri1 ) a population ( ab\t sev5ty-f\r ?\s& s\ls1 0 admitt$ z ! tw5ty-f\r? memb] ( ! ,union4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,miss\ri ,compromise4 #g4 ,:5 ! bill to admit ,miss\ri 0 br\ght be=e ,congress1 a proposition 0 made to prohibit slav]y 9 ! new ,/ate4 ,?is 0 support$ by ! free ,/ates ( ! ,nor?1 & oppos$ by ! slavehold+ ,/ates ( ! ,s\?4 ,aft] long & angry debates ! measure br\ght =w>d by ,h5ry ,clay1 & kn[n z ! ,,miss\ri ,,compromise1 0 adopt$4 ,its provisions 7--fir/1 ! admission ( ,miss\ri z a slavehold+ ,/ate2 secondly1 ! division ( ! re/ ( ! ,l\isiana pur*ase by ! p>allel ( ?irty-six degrees & ?irty m9utes2 ?irdly1 ! admission ( new ,/ates s\? ( t l9e1 ) or )\t slav]y1 z ! p might det]m9e2 f\r?ly1 ! prohibition ( slav]y 9 all ! new ,/ates nor? ( ! divid+-l9e4 #h4 ,! ,presid5t's adm9i/ration grew into high favor ) ! p2 & 9 #ahbj he 0 reelect$4 ,z ,vice-presid5t1 ,mr4 ,tompk9s 0 aga9 *os54 ,! att5tion ( ! gov]nm5t 0 next call$ to a sy/em ( piracy :i* _h sprung up 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,e>ly 9 #ahbb an ,am]ican fleet 0 s5t ?i!r1 & m ?an tw5ty piratical %ips 7 captur$4 ,9 ! foll[+ summ]1 ,commodore ,port] 0 dispat*$ ) a l>g] squadron4 ,! retreats ( ! sea-robb]s 7 completely brok5 up4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,monroe ,doctr9e4 #i4 ,ab\t ?is "t _m ( ! c\ntries ( ,s\? ,am]ica decl>$ _! indep5d5ce ( =eign nations4 ,! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates sympa?iz$ ) ! patriots ( ! ,s\?4 ,h5ry ,clay urg$ ^u ! gov]nm5t ! duty ( recogniz+ ! ,s\? ,am]ican republics4 ,9 ,m>* ( #ahbb1 a bill 0 pass$ by ,congress embody+ 8 views4 ,9 ! ,presid5t's message ( #ahbc ! decl>ation 0 made t ! ,am]ican cont95ts are n subject to colonization by any ,european p[]4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple ev] s9ce kn[n z ! ,,monroe ,,doctr9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,h5ry ,clay4 #aj4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahbd ! v5]at$ ,la ,fayette1 n[ ag$ & gray1 revisit$ ! l& = ^: fre$om he _h %$ 8 blood4 ,! patriots :o _h f\ght by 8 side came =? to greet him4 ,9 e city he 0 surr\nd$ by a ?rong ( %\t+ freem54 ,8 j\rney ?r\gh ! c\ntry 0 a triumph4 ,9 ,septemb] ( #ahbe he bade adieu to ! p1 & sail$ = 8 native l&4 ,:ile ,lib]ty rema9s1 ! "n ( ,la ,fayette %all be hall[$4 #aa4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahbd f\r c&idates 7 pres5t$ = ! presid5cy4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams 0 put =w>d z ! c&idate ( ! ,ea/2 ,william ,h4 ,craw=d1 ( ,georgia1 z ! *oice ( ! ,s\?2 ,h5ry ,clay & ,&rew ,jackson z ! favorites ( ! ,we/4 ,nei!r c&idate receiv$ a majority ( ! electoral votes1 & ! *oice ( ,presid5t 0 ref]r$ to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,by t body ,mr4 ,adams 0 elect$4 ,= ,vice-presid5t1 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 0 *os5 by ! electoral college4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,,adams',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahbe-ahbi4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams4 ,! new ,presid5t 0 a man ( ! highe/ atta9m5ts 9 lit]ature & /atesman%ip4 ,at ! age ( elev5 ye>s he accompani$ 8 fa!r1 ,john ,adams1 to ,europe4 ,at ,p>is1 & ,am/]dam1 & ,/4 ,pet]sburg ! son cont9u$ 8 /udies1 & became acqua9t$ ) ! politics ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,9 8 rip] ye>s1 he s]v$ z ambassador to ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,portugal1 ,prussia1 ,russia1 & ,engl&4 ,he _h also held ! (fices ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator1 & ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams4 #b4 ,! new adm9i/ration 0 a "t ( peace2 b ! _s ( p>ty manife/$ itself ) mu* viol5ce4 ,! adh]5ts ( ,g5]al ,jackson & ,mr4 ,craw=d unit$ 9 opposition to ! ,presid5t4 ,9 ! ,s5ate ! political fri5ds ( ,mr4 ,adams 7 9 ! m9ority1 & _! majority 9 ! l[] ,h\se la/$ = only "o session4 ,9 8 inaugural address ! ,presid5t /rongly advocat$ ! doctr9e ( int]nal improvem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,creek ,cession4 #c4 ,:51 9 ! ye> #ahjb1 ,georgia rel9qui%$ h] claim to ,mississippi ,t]ritory1 ! g5]al gov]nm5t agre$ to pur*ase = ! ,/ate all ! ,creek l&s ly+ )9 h] bord]s4 ,?is pl$ge ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h nev] fulfill$1 & ,georgia compla9$ ( bad fai?4 ,f9ally1 9 ,m>* ( #ahbf1 a treaty 0 conclud$ betwe5 ! ,creek *iefs & ! ,presid5t1 by :i* a cession ( all _! l&s 9 ,georgia 0 obta9$4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ,creeks agre$ to remove beyond ! ,mississippi4 #d4 ,on ! #d? ,july1 #ahbf--;fifty ye>s aft] ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce--,john ,adams1 second ,presid5t1 & 8 successor1 ,?omas ,jeff]son1 di$4 ,bo? _h lift$ _! voices = fre$om 9 ! days ( ! ,revolution4 ,"o _h writt51 & bo? _h sign$1 ! great ,decl>ation4 ,bo? _h liv$ to see _! c\ntry's indep5d5ce4 ,bo? _h rea*$ extreme old age3 ,adams 0 n9ety2 ,jeff]son1 eighty-two4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,protective ,t>iff4 #e4 ,! "q ( ! t>iff 0 mu* discuss$ 9 ,congress at ?is "t4 ,by a t>iff is und]/ood a duty levi$ on import$ goods4 ,! object is--fir/1 to produce a rev5ue = ! gov]nm5t2 &1 secondly1 to raise ! price ( ! article on :i* ! duty is laid1 9 ord] t ! dome/ic manufactur] ( ! ?+ tax$ may be able to compete ) ! =eign produc]4 ,:5 ! duty is levi$ = ! latt] purpose x is call$ a protective t>iff4 ,mr4 ,adams & 8 fri5ds favor$ ! t>iff2 & 9 #ahbh protective duties 7 laid on fabrics made ( wool1 cotton1 l95 & silk2 & ^? on articles manufactur$ ( iron1 lead1 etc41 7 mu* increas$4 #f4 ,) ! fall ( #ahbh1 ,mr4 ,adams1 support$ by ,mr4 ,clay1 0 put =w>d = reelection4 ,g5]al ,jackson appe>$ z ! c&idate ( ! opposition4 ,9 ! previ\s election ,jackson _h receiv$ m electoral votes ?an ,adams1 b ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives _h *os5 ! latt]4 ,n[ ! p _h _! way4 ,jackson 0 triumphantly elect$1 receiv+ "o hundr$ & sev5ty-eight electoral votes aga9/ eighty-?ree = 8 oppon5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,,jackson',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahbi-ahcg4 ,! new ,presid5t 0 a milit>y h]o--a man ( great tal5ts & inflexible hone/y4 ,8 integrity 0 unassailable2 8 w l iron4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? m5 = :om no toils are too ardu\s4 ,8 p]sonal "* 0 impress$ ^u 8 adm9i/ration4 ,at ! beg9n+ he remov$ ne>ly sev5 hundr$ (fice-hold]s & appo9t$ 9 _! /ead 8 own political fri5ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,national ,bank ,aboli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,&rew ,jackson4 #b4 ,9 8 fir/ message ! ,presid5t took gr\nd aga9/ re*>t]+ ! ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he recomm5d$ t ! old *>t] be all[$ to expire by its own limitation 9 #ahcf4 ,b ! influ5ce ( ! bank 0 v great2 & 9 #ahcb a bill to re*>t] 0 pass$ by ,congress4 ,! ,presid5t oppos$ 8 veto2 a two ?irds majority 9 favor ( ! bill c\ld n be secur$1 & ! new *>t] fail$4 ,sid5ote3 ,nullification ,debates4 #c4 ,9 ! congressional session ( #ahca-cb1 additional t>iffs 7 levi$ ^u goods import$ f abroad4 ,by ?is act ! manufactur+ di/ricts 7 favor$ at ! exp5se ( ! agricultural ,/ates4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a 0 specially (f5d$4 ,op5 resi/ance 0 ?reat5$ 9 case ! (fic]s %\ld attempt to collect ! rev5ues at ,*>le/on4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate ! "r ( a ,/ate to nullify an act ( ,congress 0 boldly proclaim$4 ,on t "q _h already occurr$ ! great debate betwe5 ,colonel ,hayne1 s5ator f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,daniel ,web/] ( ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 ,daniel ,web/]4 #d4 ,! ,presid5t n[ took ! matt] 9 h& & issu$ a proclamation d5y+ ! "r ( a ,/ate to nullify ! laws ( ,congress4 ,b ,mr4 ,calh\n1 ! ,vice-presid5t1 resign$ 8 (fice to accept a seat 9 ! ,s5ate1 :]e he might def5d ! doctr9es ( 8 ,/ate4 ,! ,presid5t1 hav+ w>n$ ! ,s\? ,c>ol9ians1 ord]$ a body ( troops "u ,g5]al ,scott to proce$ to ,*>le/on4 ,! lead]s ( ! nullify+ p>ty rec$$ f _! position1 & blood%$ 0 avoid$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,black ,hawk ,w>4 #e4 ,! l&s ( ! ,sacs & ,foxes _h be5 pur*as$ by ! gov]nm5t1 b ! ,indians1 influ5c$ by ! *ief ,black ,hawk1 refus$ to quit !m4 ,! gov]nm5t insi/$ t !y fulfill _! contract1 & ho/ilities began 9 #ahcb4 ,g5]al ,scott 0 s5t ) troops to ,*icago to coop]ate ) ,g5]al ,atk9son4 ,! latt] wag$ a vigor\s campaign1 defeat$ ! ,indians1 & made ,black ,hawk prison]4 ,! captive *ief 0 tak5 to ,wa%+ton & ! great cities ( ! ,ea/4 ,return+ to 8 own p1 he advis$ !m to make peace4 ,! w>riors ab&on$ ! disput$ l&s & retir$ into ,i[a4 #f4 ,difficulties also arose ) ! ,*]okees ( ,georgia--! mo/ civiliz$ ( all ! ,indian nations4 ,! ,presid5t recomm5d$ ! removal ( ! ,*]okees to l&s beyond ! ,mississippi4 ,! ,,indian ,,t]ritory 0 accord+ly set ap>t 9 #ahcd4 ,! ,indians yield$ ) great reluctance4 ,m ?an five million doll>s 0 paid !m = _! l&s4 ,at la/ ,g5]al ,scott 0 ord]$ to remove !m2 & dur+ ! ye>s #ahcg-ch1 ! ,*]okees 7 transf]r$ to _! new homes 9 ! ,we/4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,sem9ole ,w>4 #g4 ,m s]i\s 0 ! conflict ) ! ,sem9oles4 ,! tr\ble arose f an attempt to remove ! tribe beyond ! ,mississippi4 ,ho/ilities began 9 #ahce1 & cont9u$ = f\r ye>s4 ,osceola & ,micanopy1 *iefs ( ! nation1 d5i$ ! validity ( a =m] cession ( ,sem9ole l&s4 ,g5]al ,?ompson 0 oblig$ to arre/ ,osceola & put him 9 irons4 ,! *ief !n gave 8 ass5t to ! old treaty1 & 0 lib]at$1 b imm$iately ent]$ into a conspiracy to slaught] ! :ites4 #h4 ,major ,dade1 ) a hundr$ & sev5te5 m51 0 n[ dispat*$ to re9=ce ,g5]al ,cl9* at ,=t ,drane1 sev5ty-five miles f ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,dade's =ces fell into an ambuscade1 & all except "o man 7 massacr$4 ,on ! same day ,osceola1 ) a b& ( w>riors1 surr\nd$ a /oreh\se :]e ,g5]al ,?ompson 0 d9+1 & kill$ him & f\r ( 8 companions4 #i4 ,9 two successive engagem5ts 9 ,decemb] & ,febru>y ! ,sem9oles 7 repuls$4 ,9 ,octob] ,gov]nor ,call ( ,florida1 ) two ?\s& m51 ov]took ! savages 9 ! ,wahoo ,swamp1 ne> ! sc5e ( ,dade's massacre4 ,"h ! ,indians 7 aga9 defeat$ & driv5 into ! ,ev]glades4 #aj4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! ,presid5t _h put an end to ! ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,aft] veto+ ! bill to re*>t] t in/itution1 he conceiv$ t ! surplus funds :i* _h accumulat$ 9 its vaults _h bett] be di/ribut$ among ! ,/ates4 ,accord+ly1 9 ,octob] ( #ahcc he ord]$ ! funds ( ! bank1 am\nt+ to t5 million doll>s1 to be di/ribut$ among c]ta9 ,/ate banks designat$ = t purpose4 ,! f9ancial panic ( #ahcf-cg1 foll[+ soon aft]w>d1 0 attribut$ by ! ,:igs to ! de/ruction ( ! national bank & ! removal ( ! funds4 ,b ! adh]5ts ( ! ,presid5t repli$ t ! panic 0 attributable to ! bank itself4 #aa4 ,9 #ahcd ! /rong w ( ! *ief magi/rate 0 br\ght into conflict ) ,france4 ,9 #ahca ! ,fr5* k+ _h agre$ to pay five million doll>s = injuries =m]ly done to ,am]ican comm]ce4 ,b ! gov]nm5t ( ,france neglect$ ! paym5t until ! ,presid5t recomm5d$ to ,congress to make reprisals on ,fr5* m]*antm54 ,?is measure _h ! desir$ effect1 & ! indemnity 0 paid4 ,portugal 0 br\ght to t]ms 9 a simil> mann]4 ,sid5ote3 ,arkansas & ,mi*igan ,admitt$4 #ab4 ,9 ,june ( #ahcf1 ,arkansas1 ) a population ( sev5ty ?\s&1 0 admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,janu>y1 ,mi*igan ,t]ritory 0 organiz$ z a ,/ate & add$ to ! ,republic4 ,! new commonweal? br\ght a population ( "o hundr$ & fifty-sev5 ?\s&4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahcf ,m>t9 ,van ,bur5 0 elect$ ,presid5t4 ,z to ! ,vice-presid5cy1 no "o secur$ a majority1 & ! *oice devolv$ on ! ,s5ate4 ,by t body ,colonel ,ri*>d ,m4 ,johnson ( ,k5tucky 0 *os54 ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,,van ,,bur5',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahcg-ahda4 ,m>t9 ,van ,bur51 eigh? ,presid5t1 0 born at ,k9d]hook1 ,new ,york1 on ! #e? ( ,decemb]1 #aghb4 ,aft] receiv+ a limit$ education he became a /ud5t ( law4 ,9 #ahba he 0 *os5 ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator4 ,sev5 ye>s aft]w>d he 0 elect$ gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 & 0 !n appo9t$ ,m9i/] to ,engl&4 ,f t important mission he return$ to accept ! (fice ( ,vice-presid5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>t9 ,van ,bur54 ,sid5ote3 ,taylor's ,campaign 9 ,florida4 #b4 ,"o ( ! fir/ duties ( ! new adm9i/ration 0 to f9i% ! ,sem9ole ,w>4 ,9 ! fall1 ,osceola came to ! ,am]ican camp ) a flag ( truce2 b he 0 suspect$ ( trea*]y1 seiz$ & s5t a prison] to ,=t ,m\ltrie1 :]e he di$4 ,! ,sem9oles1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ ! w>4 ,9 ,decemb] ,colonel ,za*>y ,taylor1 ) a ?\s& m51 m>*$ into ! ,ev]glades ( ,florida1 & ov]took ! savages ne> ,lake ,okee*obee4 ,a h>d battle 0 f\ght1 & ! ,indians 7 defeat$4 ,= m ?an a ye> ,taylor cont9u$ to hunt !m ?r\gh ! swamps4 ,9 #ahci a treaty 0 sign$1 & ! ,sem9oles 7 sl[ly remov$ to ! ,we/4 #c4 ,9 #ahcg ! c\ntry 0 afflict$ ) a s]i\s monet>y panic4 ,! prec$+ ye>s _h be5 a "t ( great prosp]ity4 ,a surplus ( ne>ly =ty million doll>s1 9 ! national treasury1 _h be5 di/ribut$ among ! ,/ates4 ,ow+ to ! abundance ( money1 ! cr$it sy/em 0 greatly ext5d$4 ,! banks ( ! c\ntry 7 multipli$ to sev5 hundr$4 ,va/ issues ( irr$eemable pap] money increas$ ! opportunities = fraud4 ,sid5ote3 ,f9ancial ,panic4 #d4 ,! bills ( ^! uns\nd banks 7 receivable = ! public l&s4 ,see+ t ! gov]nm5t 0 likely to be defraud$ out ( millions1 ,presid5t ,jackson issu$ an ord]1 call$ ! ,,specie ,,circul>1 by :i* ! l& ag5ts 7 direct$ to receive no?+ b co9 9 paym5t = ! l&s4 ,! effects ( ?is circul> foll[$ 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,van ,bur5's adm9i/ration4 ,! banks susp5d$ specie paym5t4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahcg1 ! failures 9 ,new ,york & ,new ,orleans am\nt$ to "o hundr$ & fifty million doll>s4 #e4 ,:5 ,congress conv5$ 9 ! foll[+ ,septemb]1 a bill au?oriz+ ! issue ( t5 millions ( doll>s 9 treasury notes 0 pass$ z a tempor>y exp$i5t4 ,m important by f> 0 ! measure propos$ by ! ,presid5t "u ! "n ( ! ,,indep5d5t ,,treasury ,,bill1 by :i* ! public funds 7 to be kept 9 a treasury e/abli%$ = t special purpose4 ,x 0 ! ,presid5t's plan ?us to sep>ate ! bus9ess ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ! g5]al bus9ess ( ! c\ntry4 #f4 ,! ,indep5d5t ,treasury ,bill 0 at fir/ defeat$1 b 9 ! foll[+ regul> session ( ,congress ! bill 0 aga9 br\ght =w>d & adopt$4 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahch ! banks resum$ specie paym5ts4 ,b trade 0 less vigor\s ?an be=e4 ,discont5t prevail$2 & ! adm9i/ration 0 blam$ ) ev]y?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,canadian ,insurrection4 #g4 ,9 ! aft] "p ( #ahcg a portion ( ! p ( ,canada attempt$ to e/abli% _! indep5d5ce4 ,! insurg5ts f\nd sympa?y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sev5 hundr$ m5 f ,new ,york seiz$ & =tifi$ ,navy ,isl&1 9 ! ,niag>a ,riv]4 ,! loyali/s ( ,canada1 h[ev]1 succe$$ 9 fir+ ! ,c>ol9e1 ! supply %ip ( ! adv5tur]s1 cut h] moor+s1 & s5t ! burn+ vessel ov] ,niag>a ,falls4 ,= a :ile ! peaceful relations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita9 7 endang]$4 ,b ! ,presid5t issu$ a proclamation ( neutrality1 =bidd+ fur!r int]f]5ce ) ! affairs ( ,canada4 #h4 ,mr4 ,van ,bur5 became a c&idate = reelection1 & receiv$ ! support ( ! ,democratic p>ty4 ,! ,:igs put =w>d ,g5]al ,h>rison4 ,! canvass 0 "o ( ! mo/ excit+ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry4 ,h>rison 0 elect$4 ,aft] controll+ ! gov]nm5t = =ty ye>s1 ! ,democratic p>ty 0 tempor>ily ov]?r[n4 ,= ,vice-presid5t1 ,john ,tyl] ( ,virg9ia 0 *os54 ,,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,,adm9i/rations ,,( ,,h>rison ,,& ,,tyl]1 #ahda-ahde4 ,illu/ration3 ,william ,h4 ,h>rison4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,tyl]4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,pres4 ,h>rison4 ,presid5t ,h>rison 0 a ,virg9ian by bir?1 ! adopt$ son ( ,rob]t ,morris4 ,he 0 graduat$ at ,hampd5-,sidney ,college1 & aft]w>ds ent]$ ! army ( ,/4 ,clair4 ,he became gov]nor ( ,indiana ,t]ritory1 :i* (fice he fill$ ) great ability4 ,he began 8 duties z ,presid5t by call+ a special session ( ,congress4 ,an able cab9et 0 organiz$1 ) ,daniel ,web/] z ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,ev]y?+ promis$ well = ! new ,:ig adm9i/ration2 b be=e ,congress c\ld conv5e1 ! ,presid5t1 n[ sixty-eight ye>s ( age1 fell sick1 & di$ j "o mon? aft] 8 inauguration4 ,on ! #f? ( ,april ,mr4 ,tyl] became ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #b4 ,he 0 a /atesman ( consid]able di/9ction2 a native ( ,virg9ia2 a graduate ( ,william & ,m>y ,college4 ,9 #ahbe he 0 elect$ gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 & f t position he 0 s5t to ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he _h be5 put ^u ! ticket ) ,g5]al ,h>rison ?r\gh motives ( exp$i5cy2 = al?\gh a ,:ig 9 political pr9ciples1 he 0 kn[n to be ho/ile to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank4 #c4 ,"o ( ! fir/ measures ( ! new ,congress 0 ! repeal ( ! ,indep5d5t ,treasury ,bill4 ,a bankrupt law 0 !n pass$ = ! relief ( insolv5t bus9ess m54 ,! next measure 0 ! re*>t]+ ( ! ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a bill = t purpose 0 br\ght =w>d & pass$2 b ! ,presid5t int]pos$ 8 veto4 ,aga9 ! bill receiv$ ! ass5t ( bo? ,h\ses1 only to be reject$ by ! executive4 ,by ?is action a rupture 0 produc$ betwe5 ! ,presid5t & ! p>ty :i* _h elect$ him4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! cab9et1 except ,mr4 ,web/]1 resign$ _! (fices4 ,sid5ote3 ,web/]-,a%burton ,treaty4 #d4 ,a difficulty n[ arose ) ,great ,brita9 ab\t ! nor!a/]n b\nd>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s9ce ! treaty ( #aghc t b\nd>y _h be5 9 "q4 ,"l ,a%burton1 on ! "p ( ,great ,brita91 & ,mr4 ,web/]1 on ! "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7 call$ ^u to settle ! dispute4 ,!y p]=m$ _! "w 9 a mann] honorable to bo? nations2 & ! pres5t b\nd>y 0 e/abli%$4 #e4 ,9 ! next ye>1 ! c\ntry 0 vex$ ) a dome/ic tr\ble 9 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,by ! t]ms ( ! old *>t] ( t ,/ate ! "r ( suffrage 0 re/rict$ to prop]ty-hold]s4 ,a proposition 0 n[ agre$ ^u to *ange ! con/itution1 b 9 respect to ! mann] ( annull+ ! old *>t] !re 0 a division4 ,sid5ote3 ,dorr's ,rebellion4 #f4 ,9 #ahdb ! law & ord] p>ty1 "u ,gov]nor ,k+1 und]took to suppress ! suffrage p>ty "u ,?omas ,w4 ,dorr4 ,! latt] resi/$1 & made an attempt to capture ! ,/ate ars5al4 ,b ! militia drove ! assailants away4 ,dorr 0 arre/$1 tri$ = treason1 & s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t = life4 ,he 0 set at lib]ty aga9 9 #ahde4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,mormons4 #g4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 a difficulty occurr$ ) ! ,mormons4 ,"u ! lead]%ip ( ,joseph ,smi?1 !y fir/ settl$ 9 ,miss\ri4 ,b ! p ( ,miss\ri oppos$ !m4 ,! militia 0 call$ out1 & ! ,mormons cross$ into ,ill9ois1 & laid out ! city ( ,nauvoo4 ,b s]i\s tr\bles soon arose ) ! p ( ,ill9ois4 ,smi? & 8 bro!r 7 arre/$ & lodg$ 9 jail4 ,9 #ahdd a mob broke op5 ! jail doors & kill$ ! prison]s4 ,two ye>s lat] ! ,mormons resolv$ to leave ! ,/ates4 ,!y made a toilsome m>* to ! f> ,we/2 cross$ ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 rea*$ ! ,great ,salt ,lake2 & f\nd$ ,utah ,t]ritory4 ,illu/ration3 ,fall ( ,crockett 9 ! ,alamo4 #h4 ,mean:ile1 a great agitation _h aris5 9 reg>d to ,texas4 ,f #ahba to #ahcf ?is va/ t]ritory _h be5 a prov9ce ( ,mexico4 ,9 ! ye> #ahce ! ,texans rais$ ! /&>d ( rebellion4 ,9 a battle at ,gonzales1 a ?\s& ,mexicans 7 defeat$ by a ,texan =ce ( five hundr$4 ,on ! #f? ( ,m>*1 #ahcf1 ! ,texan =t ,alamo 0 surr\nd$ by eight ?\s& ,mexicans1 l$ by ,santa ,anna4 ,! g>rison 0 ov]p[]$ & massacr$4 ,! d>+ ,david ,crockett 0 "o ( ! victims ( ! but*]y4 ,9 ! next mon? 0 f\ght ! decisive battle ( ,san ,jac9to1 :i* gave to ,texas h] indep5d5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,texas applies = ,admission4 #i4 ,texas n[ ask$ to be admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,at fir/ ! proposition 0 decl9$ by ,presid5t ,van ,bur54 ,9 #ahdd ! "q ( annexation 0 aga9 agitat$2 & on t "q ! p divid$ 9 ! presid5tial election4 ,! annexation 0 favor$ by ! ,democrats1 & oppos$ by ! ,:igs4 ,james ,k4 ,polk ( ,t5nessee 0 put =w>d z ! ,democratic c&idate2 :ile ! ,:igs *ose _! favorite lead]1 ,h5ry ,clay4 ,! =m] 0 elect$2 = ,vice-presid5t1 ,george ,m4 ,dallas ( ,p5nsylvania 0 *os54 #aj4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,may1 #ahdd1 ! news ( ! nom9ation ( ,mr4 ,polk 0 s5t f ,baltimore to ,wa%+ton by ! ,,magnetic ,,telegraph4 ,x 0 ! fir/ dispat* ev] s transmitt$2 & ! ev5t m>ks an era 9 ! hi/ory ( civilization4 ,! inv5tor ( ! telegraph1 :i* has prov$ s great a bless+ to mank9d1 0 ,pr(essor ,samuel ,f4 ,b4 ,morse ( ,massa*usetts4 ,p]haps no o!r inv5tion has ex]cis$ s b5efic5t an influ5ce on ! welf>e ( ! human race4 ,sid5ote3 ,admission ( ,texas1 ,florida1 & ,i[a4 #aa4 ,:5 ,congress conv5$ 9 ,decemb] ( #ahdd1 a bill to annex ,texas to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 br\ght =w>d1 &1 on ! fir/ ( ! foll[+ ,m>*1 0 pass$4 ,! ,presid5t imm$iately gave 8 ass5t2 &1 on ! #bi? ( ,decemb]1 ,texas took h] place 9 ! ,republic4 ,on ! #c;d ( ,m>* 9 ?is ye>1 bills = ! admission ( ,florida & ,i[a 7 also sign$2 b ! latt] ,/ate 0 n =mally admitt$ until ,decemb] #bh?1 #ahdf4 ,,*apt] ,,xl4 ,,polk',s ,,adm9i/ration ,,& ,,! ,,mexican ,,w>1 #ahde-di4 ,presid5t ,polk 0 a native ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,9 boyhood he remov$ ) 8 fa!r to ,t5nessee1 & 9 #ahci rose to ! position ( gov]nor ( t ,/ate4 ,at ! head ( 8 cab9et he plac$ ,james ,bu*anan ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,sid5ote3 ,causes ( ,mexican ,w>4 #b4 ,a w> ) ,mexico 0 at h&4 ,on ! #d? ( ,july1 #ahde1 ! ,texan legislature ratifi$ ! act ( annexation4 ,! ,mexican m9i/] at ,wa%+ton imm$iately left ! c\ntry4 ,! au?orities ( ,texas s5t an urg5t reque/ to ! ,presid5t to dispat* an army = _! protection4 ,accord+ly1 ,g5]al ,za*>y ,taylor 0 ord]$ to m>* ?i!r f ,l\isiana4 ,texas claim$ ! ,rio ,gr&e z h] we/]n limit1 :ile ,mexico 0 det]m9$ to h ! ,nueces z ! sep>at+ l9e4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates resolv$ to support ! claim ( ,texas4 ,g5]al ,taylor 0 s5t to ! m\? ( ! ,nueces1 & 9 ,janu>y1 #ahdf1 he mov$ =w>d to ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 & built ,=t ,br[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,james ,k4 ,polk4 ,sid5ote3 ,palo ,alto & ,resaca de la ,palma4 #c4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,april a company ( ,am]ican dragoons 0 attack$ by ! ,mexicans1 ea/ ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 & 0 oblig$ to surr5d]4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ blood%$ ( ! w>4 ,g5]al ,taylor ha/5$ to ,po9t ,isabel & /r5g!n$ ! def5ses4 ,?is done1 he set out ) a provision-tra9 & an army ( two ?\s& m5 to return to ,=t ,br[n4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,mexicans _h cross$ ! ,rio ,gr&e & tak5 a position at ,palo ,alto4 ,on ! #h? ( ,may ! ,am]icans came 9 sight & jo9$ battle4 ,aft] a sev]e engagem5t ! ,mexicans 7 driv5 f ! field4 #d4 ,on ! foll[+ day ,g5]al ,taylor resum$ 8 m>*1 & came ^u ! ,mexicans aga9 at a place call$ ,resaca de la ,palma4 ,"h ! enemy f\ght bett] ?an on ! previ\s day4 ,! ,am]ican l9es 7 sev]ely gall$ until ,capta9 ,may's dragoons *>g$ ?r\gh a /orm ( grape-%ot1 rode ov] ! ,mexican batt]ies1 & captur$ ,la ,vega1 ! comm&+ g5]al4 ,! ,mexicans1 ab&on+ _! guns1 fl$ 9 a g5]al r\t4 ,sid5ote3 ,w> ,decl>$4 #e4 ,:5 ! news f ! ,rio ,gr&e 0 borne ?r\gh ! ,union1 ! w> _s 0 ev]y:]e ar\s$4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,may1 #ahdf1 ,congress made a decl>ation ( w>4 ,! ,presid5t 0 au?oriz$ to accept fifty ?\s& volunte]s1 & t5 million doll>s 0 plac$ at 8 disposal4 ,ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ?\s& m5 ru%$ =w>d to ent] ! ranks4 #f4 ,! ,am]ican =ces 7 organiz$ 9 ?ree divisions3 ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,we/1 "u ,g5]al ,ke>ny1 to cross ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s aga9/ ! nor!rn ,mexican prov9ces2 ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,c5t]1 "u ,g5]al ,scott z comm&]-9-*ief1 to m>* f ! ,gulf coa/ into ! he>t ( ! enemy's c\ntry2 ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,occupation1 "u ,g5]al ,taylor1 to hold ! di/ricts on ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,sid5ote3 ,mont]ey4 #g4 ,t5 days aft] ! battle ( ,resaca de la ,palma ,g5]al ,taylor captur$ ,matamoras1 & 9 ,augu/ laid siege to ,mont]ey4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,septemb] ! ,am]icans c>ri$ ! heights 9 ! re> ( ! t[n4 ,! ,bi%op's ,palace 0 tak5 by /orm on ! foll[+ day4 ,on ! #bc;d ! city 0 successfully assault$ 9 front4 ,! ,am]ican /orm+ p>ties *>g$ into ! t[n2 hoi/$ ! victori\s flag ( ! ,union2 turn$ ^u ! build+s :]e ! ,mexicans 7 conceal$2 *>g$ up d>k /airways to ! flat ro(s ( ! h\ses2 & drove ! enemy to a surr5d]4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,*>les ,fremont4 #h4 ,g5]al ,santa ,anna 0 n[ call$ home f ,havana to take ! presid5cy ( ,mexico4 ,a ,mexican army ( tw5ty ?\s& m5 0 s5t into ! field4 ,g5]al ,taylor aga9 mov$ =w>d1 & on ! #ae? ( ,novemb] captur$ ! t[n ( ,saltillo4 ,victoria1 a city 9 ! prov9ce ( ,tamaulipas1 0 tak5 by ,g5]al ,patt]son4 #i4 ,9 ,june ( #ahdf ! ,army ( ! ,we/1 l$ by ,g5]al ,ke>ny1 set out f ,=t ,leav5wor? = ! conque/ ( ,new ,mexico & ,cali=nia4 ,aft] a we>isome m>* he rea*$ ,santa ,f1 & on ! #ah? ( ,augu/ captur$ ! city4 ,) f\r hundr$ dragoons ,ke>ny cont9u$ 8 m>* t[>d ! ,pacific coa/ to f9d t ,cali=nia _h already be5 subdu$4 ,sid5ote3 ,conque/ ( ,cali=nia4 #aj4 ,= f\r ye>s ,colonel ,john ,c4 ,fremont _h be5 explor+ ! c\ntry we/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,9 ,cali=nia he receiv$ dispat*es in=m+ him ( ! w> ) ,mexico1 & began to urge ! p ( ,cali=nia to decl>e _! indep5d5ce4 ,a campaign 0 begun to ov]?r[ ! ,mexican au?ority4 ,mean:ile1 ,commodore ,sloat _h captur$ ! t[n ( ,mont]ey1 on ! coa/4 ,a few days aft]w>d ,commodore ,/ockton took ,san ,diego4 ,be=e ! end ( summ] ! :ole ( ,cali=nia 0 subdu$4 ,on ! #h? ( ,janu>y1 #ahdg1 ! ,mexicans 7 decisively defeat$ 9 ! battle ( ,san ,gabriel1 by :i* ! au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 completely e/abli%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,bu5a ,vi/a4 #aa4 ,g5]al ,scott n[ arriv$ 9 ,mexico & ord]$ ! ,army ( ,occupation to jo9 him on ! ,gulf = ! conque/ ( ! capital4 ,?is left ,taylor & ,wool 9 a critical condition at ,mont]ey2 = ,santa ,anna 0 advanc+ aga9/ !m ) tw5ty ?\s& m54 ,g5]al ,taylor 0 able to conc5trate at ,saltillo an effective =ce ( b f\r ?\s& eight hundr$4 ,at ! head ( ?is small army he *ose a battlefield at ,bu5a ,vi/a4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,febru>y ! battle began4 ,aga9/ trem5d\s odds ! field 0 fairly won by ! ,am]icans4 ,! ,mexicans1 hav+ lo/ ne>ly two ?\s& m51 made a precipitate retreat4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]a ,cruz & ,c]ro ,gordo4 #ab4 ,on ! #i? ( ,m>*1 #ahdg1 ,g5]al ,scott1 ) twelve ?\s& m51 l&$ to ! s\? ( ,v]a ,cruz1 & inve/$ ! city4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #bb;d a cannonade 0 begun4 ,on ! wat]side1 ,v]a ,cruz 0 def5d$ by ! ca/le ( ,san ,juan d',ulloa4 ,= f\r days ! bomb>dm5t cont9u$ )\t cessation4 ,an assault 0 already plann$1 :5 ! au?orities ( ! city propos$ capitulation4 ,on ! #bg? ! ,am]ican flag 0 rais$ ov] ,v]a ,cruz4 #ac4 ,! r\te to ! capital 0 n[ op54 ,on ! #ab? ( ! mon? ,g5]al ,twiggs came ^u ,santa ,anna1 ) fifte5 ?\s& m51 on ! heights ( ,c]ro ,gordo4 ,on ! #ah?1 ! ,am]ican army advanc$ to ! assault2 & be=e noonday e position ( ! ,mexicans _h be5 successfully /orm$4 ,ne>ly ?ree ?\s& prison]s 7 tak51 toge!r ) =ty-?ree pieces ( bronze artill]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,op]ations 9 ,mexico4 #ad4 ,on ! next day ! victori\s army ent]$ ,jalapa4 ,! /rong ca/le ( ,p]ote 0 tak5 )\t resi/ance4 ,turn+ s\?w>d1 ,g5]al ,scott next ent]$ ! anci5t city ( ,puebla1 no opposition be+ enc\nt]$4 ,scott "h wait$ = re9=cem5ts f ,v]a ,cruz4 ,on ! #g? ( ,augu/ ,g5]al ,scott began 8 m>* ^u ! capital4 ,! army swept ?r\gh ! passes ( ! ,cordill]as to look d[n on ! ,,valley ,,( ,,mexico4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,city ( ,mexico4 #ae4 ,! city ( ,mexico c\ld be approa*$ only by causeways lead+ across m>%es & ! b$s ( bygone lakes4 ,at ! ends ( ^! causeways 7 massive gates /rongly def5d$4 ,to ! left 7 ,contr]as1 ,san ,antonio1 & ,mol9o del ,rey4 ,directly 9 front 7 ! p[]ful def5ces ( ,*urubusco & ,*apultepec4 #af4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,augu/ ,g5]als ,pill[ & ,twiggs /orm$ ! ,mexican position at ,contr]as4 ,a few h\rs aft]w>ds ,g5]al ,wor? c>ri$ ,san ,antonio4 ,g5]al ,pill[ l$ a column aga9/ "o ( ! heights ( ,*urubusco2 & aft] a t]rible assault ! position 0 c>ri$4 ,g5]al ,twiggs /orm$ ano!r height ( ,*urubusco4 ,/ill ano!r victory 0 a*iev$ by ,g5]als ,%ields & ,pi]ce1 :o defeat$ ,santa ,anna's res]ves4 ,illu/ration3 ,scott's ,army ,ent]+ ! ,city ( ,mexico4 #ag4 ,on ! morn+ aft] ! battles ! ,mexican au?orities came out to negotiate4 ,g5]al ,scott reject$ _! proposals4 ,on ! #h? ( ,septemb] ,g5]al ,wor? /orm$ ! we/]n def5ces ( ,*apultepec1 & on ! #ac? t citadel itself 0 c>ri$ by /orm4 #ah4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ =? came a deputation f ! city to beg = m]cy2 b ,g5]al ,scott1 tir$ ( trifl+1 turn$ !m away ) contempt4 ,=w>d6 0 ! ord] t rang along ! l9es at sunrise4 ,! w>-worn regim5ts swept into ! fam\s city1 & at sev5 o'clock ! flag ( ! ,union float$ ov] ! halls ( ! ,montezumas4 #ai4 ,on leav+ 8 capital1 ,santa ,anna turn$ ab\t to attack ! hospitals at ,puebla4 ,"h eighte5 hundr$ sick m5 _h be5 left 9 *>ge ( ,colonel ,*ilds4 ,a gallant resi/ance 0 made by ! g>rison1 until ,g5]al ,lane1 on 8 m>* to ! capital1 fell ^u ! besieg]s & scatt]$ !m4 ,x 0 ! clos+ /roke ( ! w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,treaty ( ,guadalupe ,hidalgo4 #bj4 ,! milit>y p[] ( ,mexico 0 completely brok54 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahdg-dh1 ,am]ican ambassadors met ! ,mexican ,congress at ,guadalupe ,hidalgo1 & on ! #b;d ( ,febru>y a treaty 0 conclud$4 ,by ! t]ms ( settlem5t ! b\nd>y-l9e betwe5 ,mexico & ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 e/abli%$ on ! ,rio ,gr&e f its m\? to ! s\!rn limit ( ,new ,mexico2 !nce we/w>d along ! s\!rn1 & nor?w>d along ! we/]n b\nd>y ( t t]ritory to ! ,gila2 !nce d[n t riv] to ! ,colorado2 !nce we/w>d to ! ,pacific4 ,new ,mexico & ,upp] ,cali=nia 7 rel9qui%$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mexico gu>ante$ ! free navigation ( ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia & ! riv] ,colorado4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates agre$ to surr5d] all places 9 ,mexico1 to pay t c\ntry fifte5 million doll>s1 & to assume all debts due f ,mexico to ,am]ican citiz5s4 ,sid5ote3 ,cali=nia & ,wiscons9 ,admitt$4 #ba4 ,a few days aft] ! sign+ ( ! treaty1 a labor]1 employ$ by ,capta9 ,sutt] on ! ,am]ican =k ( ,sacram5to ,riv]1 9 ,cali=nia1 discov]$ "s pieces ( gold 9 ! s&4 ,! news w5t fly+ to ! ends ( ! _w4 ,m5 ?\s&s ( miles away 7 craz$ ) excitem5t4 ,f all qu>t]s adv5tur]s came flock+4 ,be=e ! end ( #ahej1 ,san ,francisco _h gr[n to be a city ( fifte5 ?\s& inhabitants4 ,9 ,septemb] ( t ye>1 ,cali=nia 0 admitt$ into ! ,union2 & by ! close ( #aheb1 ! ,/ate _h a population ( m ?an a qu>t] ( a million4 #bb4 ,9 #ahdh ,wiscons9 0 admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,! new commonweal? came ) a population ( two hundr$ & fifty ?\s&4 ,ano!r presid5tial election 0 already at h&4 ,g5]al ,lewis ,cass1 ( ,mi*igan1 0 nom9at$ by ! ,democrats1 & ,g5]al ,za*>y ,taylor by ! ,:igs4 ,z ! c&idate ( ! new ,free ,soil p>ty1 ex-,presid5t ,m>t9 ,van ,bur5 0 put =w>d4 ,! memory ( 8 rec5t victories 9 ,mexico made ,g5]al ,taylor ! favorite ) ! p1 & he 0 elect$ by a l>ge majority4 ,z ,vice-presid5t1 ,mill>d ,fillmore1 ( ,new ,york1 0 *os54 ,,*apt] ,,xli4 ,,adm9i/rations ,,( ,,taylor ,,& ,,fillmore1 #ahdi-ahec4 ,! new ,presid5t 0 a ,virg9ian by bir?1 a soldi] by pr(ession4 ,dur+ ! w> ( #ahab he di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,9 ! ,sem9ole ,w> he bore a "p1 b e>n$ 8 greate/ r5[n 9 ,mexico4 ,8 adm9i/ration began ) a viol5t agitation on ! "q ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories4 ,sid5ote3 ,slav]y 9 ! ,t]ritories4 #b4 ,9 8 fir/ message ! ,presid5t advis$ ! p ( ,cali=nia to prep>e = admission into ! ,union4 ,! advice 0 promptly accept$4 ,a conv5tion 0 held at ,mont]ey 9 ,septemb] ( #ahdi4 ,a con/itution prohibit+ slav]y 0 fram$1 submitt$ to ! p1 & adopt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,za*>y ,taylor4 #c4 ,:5 ! "q ( admitt+ ,cali=nia came be=e ,congress ! memb]s 7 sectionally divid$4 ,! admission ( ! new ,/ate 0 favor$ by ! repres5tatives ( ! ,nor?1 & oppos$ by ^? ( ! ,s\?4 ,! latt] claim$ t1 ) ! ext5sion ( ! ,miss\ri ,compromise to ! ,pacific1 ! "r to introduce slav]y into ,cali=nia 0 gu>ante$ by ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 & t !re=e ! propos$ con/itution ( ! ,/ate ought to be reject$4 ,! reply ( ! ,nor? 0 t ! ,miss\ri ,compromise _h respect only to ! ,l\isiana pur*ase1 & t ! ,cali=nians _h fram$ _! con/itution 9 _! own way4 #d4 ,o!r que/ions add$ fuel to ! controv]sy4 ,texas claim$ ,new ,mexico z a "p ( h] t]ritory1 & ! claim 0 resi/$ by ! p ( ,santa ,f4 ,! p ( ! ,s\? compla9$ t fugitive slaves 7 aid$ & enc\rag$ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,! oppon5ts ( slav]y dem&$ ! abolition ( ! slave-trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,omnibus ,bill4 ,illu/ration3 ,mill>d ,fillmore4 #e4 ,h5ry ,clay appe>$ z a peacemak]4 ,on ! #i? ( ,may1 #ahej1 he br\ght =w>d1 z a compromise1 ! ,,omnibus ,,bill1 ( :i* ! provisions 7 z foll[s3 fir/1 ! admission ( ,cali=nia z a free ,/ate2 second1 ! =mation ( new ,/ates1 n exce$+ f\r 9 numb]1 out ( ,texas1 said ,/ates to p]mit or exclude slav]y z ! p %\ld det]m9e2 ?ird1 ! organization ( t]ritorial gov]nm5ts = ,new ,mexico & ,utah1 )\t conditions z to slav]y2 f\r?1 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! pres5t b\nd>y betwe5 ,texas & ,new ,mexico2 fif?1 ! enactm5t ( a /r+5t law = ! recov]y ( fugitive slaves2 six?1 ! abolition ( ! slave-trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 #f4 ,:5 ! ,omnibus ,bill 0 laid be=e ,congress1 ! debates broke out anew4 ,:ile ! discussion 0 at its height1 ,presid5t ,taylor fell sick1 & di$ on ! #i? ( ,july1 #ahej4 ,mr4 ,fillmore at once took ! oa? ( (fice & ent]$ ^u ! duties ( ! ,presid5cy4 ,a new cab9et 0 =m$1 ) ,daniel ,web/] at ! head z ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 #g4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,septemb] ! compromise propos$ by ,mr4 ,clay 0 adopt$1 & receiv$ ! sanction ( ! ,presid5t4 ,! excitem5t 9 ! c\ntry rapidly abat$1 & ! controv]sy seem$ at an end4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ,mr4 ,clay bade adieu to ! ,s5ate1 & s\ght at ,a%l& a brief re/ f ! c>es ( public life4 ,sid5ote3 ,filibu/]+ 9 ,cuba4 #h4 ,! ye> #ahej 0 m>k$ by an attempt ( "s ,am]ican adv5tur]s to conqu] ,cuba4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! ,cubans 7 anxi\s to annex !mselves to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,g5]al ,lopez organiz$ an exp$ition 9 ! ,s\?1 & on ! #ai? ( ,may1 #ahej1 effect$ a l&+ 9 ,cuba4 ,b !re 0 no upris+ 9 8 favor2 & he 0 oblig$ to return to ,florida4 ,r5ew+ ! attempt1 he & 8 b& 7 defeat$ & captur$ by ! ,spani>ds4 ,lopez & ! r+lead]s 7 tak5 to ,havana & execut$4 #i4 ,9 #aheb a s]i\s tr\ble arose ) ,engl&4 ,by ! t]ms ( =m] treaties ! coa/-fi%]ies ( ,newf\ndl& belong$ to ,great ,brita94 ,b1 outside ( a l9e drawn ?ree miles f ! %ore1 ,am]ican fi%]m5 enjoy$ equal rights4 ,a qu>rel n[ arose z to h[ ! l9e %\ld be drawn across ! bays & inlets2 & bo? nations s5t m5-(-w> to ! conte/$ wat]s4 ,b 9 #ahed ! difficulty 0 settl$ happily by negotiation2 & ! "r to take fi% 9 ! bays ( ! ,briti% possessions 0 conc$$ to ,am]ican fi%]m54 #aj4 ,dur+ ! summ] ( #aheb ! ,hung>ian patriot ,l\is ,kossu? made a t\r ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he came to plead ! cause ( ,hung>y be=e ! ,am]ican p1 & 0 ev]y:]e receiv$ ) expressions ( sympa?y & good-w4 ,b ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates =bade ! gov]nm5t to int]f]e on behalf ( ! ,hung>ian patriots4 ,sid5ote3 ,dr4 ,kane's ,arctic ,exp$ition4 #aa4 ,! att5tion ( ! ,am]ican p 0 next direct$ to explorations 9 ! ,arctic ,ocean4 ,9 #ahde ,sir ,john ,frankl91 a brave ,engli% seaman1 w5t on a voyage ( discov]y to ! ,nor?4 ,ye>s w5t by1 & no tid+s came f ! d>+ sailor4 ,o!r exp$itions 7 s5t 9 se>*1 b return$ )\t success4 ,9 #ahec an ,arctic squadron 0 equipp$1 ! comm& ( :i* 0 giv5 to ,dr4 ,eli%a ,k5t ,kane2 b ! exp$ition return$ )\t ! discov]y ( ,frankl94 #ab4 ,dur+ ! adm9i/rations ( ,taylor & ,fillmore1 _m di/+ui%$ m5 fell by ! h& ( dea?4 ,on ! #ca/ ( ,m>*1 #ahej1 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a pass$ away4 ,8 dea? 0 mu* lam5t$1 especially 9 8 own ,/ate1 to ^: int]e/s he _h devot$ ! en]gies ( 8 life4 ,!n foll[$ ! dea? ( ! ,presid5t2 & !n1 on ! #bh? ,june1 #aheb1 ! great ,h5ry ,clay sank to re/4 ,on ! #bd? ( ! foll[+ ,octob]1 ,daniel ,web/] di$ at 8 home at ,m>%field1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! (fice ( ,secret>y ( ,/ate 0 !n conf]r$ on ,edw>d ,ev]ett4 #ac4 ,! political p>ties aga9 m>%al$ _! =ces4 ,frankl9 ,pi]ce ( ,new ,hamp%ire appe>$ z ! c&idate ( ! ,democratic p>ty1 & ,g5]al ,w9field ,scott z ! *oice ( ! ,:igs4 ,! "q at issue be=e ! c\ntry 0 ! ,compromise ,act ( #ahej4 ,bo? ! ,:ig & ,democratic plat=ms /\tly reaffirm$ ! doctr9es ( ! ,omnibus ,bill4 ,a ?ird p>ty arose1 h[ev]1 ^: memb]s decl>$ t all ! ,t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ought to be free4 ,john ,p4 ,hale ( ,new ,hamp%ire 0 put =w>d z ! c&idate ( ?is ,free ,soil p>ty4 ,mr4 ,pi]ce 0 elect$ by a l>ge majority1 & ,william ,r4 ,k+ ( ,alabama 0 *os5 ,vice-presid5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,,pi]ce',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahec-aheg4 ,! new *ief magi/rate 0 a native ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 a graduate ( ,b[do9 ,college1 & a /atesman ( consid]able abilities4 ,on acc\nt ( ill heal?1 ,mr4 ,k+1 ! ,vice-presid5t1 0 soj\rn+ 9 ,cuba4 ,gr[+ m feeble1 he return$ to ,alabama1 :]e he di$ 9 ,april1 #ahec4 ,william ,l4 ,m>cy ( ,new ,york 0 *os5 z ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,frankl9 ,pi]ce4 #b4 ,9 #ahec a corps ( eng9e]s 0 s5t out to explore ! r\te = a ,,pacific ,,railroad4 ,! ent]prise 0 at fir/ reg>d$ z vision>y & impossible4 ,9 ! same ye>1 ! s\?we/]n b\nd>y 0 settl$1 by pur*ase ( ! claim ( ,mexico4 ,! t]ritory ?us acquir$ is kn[n z ! ,,gadsd5 ,,pur*ase4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]ry 9 ,japan4 #c4 ,9 ! same ye> int]c\rse 0 op5$ betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan4 ,hi!rto ! ,japanese ports _h be5 clos$ aga9/ ! vessels ( ,*ri/ian nations4 ,9 ord] to remove ?is re/riction1 ,commodore ,p]ry sail$ into ! ,bay ( ,y$do1 & prep>$ ! way = a treaty1 by :i* ! privileges ( comm]ce 7 grant$ to ,am]ican m]*antm54 #d4 ,on ! v day ( ,p]ry's introduction to ! ,emp]or1 ! ,cry/al ,palace 0 op5$ 9 ,new ,york = ! ,,_w',s ,,fair4 ,! palace 0 built ( iron & glass4 ,specim5s ( ! arts & manufactures ( all nations 7 put on exhibition )9 ! build+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,kansas-,nebraska ,bill4 #e4 ,9 ,janu>y ( #ahed1 ,s5ator ,d\glas ( ,ill9ois br\ght =w>d a proposition to organize ,kansas & ,nebraska4 ,a clause 0 ins]t$ 9 ! bill provid+ t ! p ( ! t]ritories %\ld decide = !mselves :e!r ! new ,/ates %\ld be free or slavehold+4 ,?is 0 a repeal ( ! ,miss\ri ,compromise ( #ahba4 ,aft] sev]al mon?s' debate1 ,mr4 ,d\glas's ,,kansas-,,nebraska ,,bill1 0 f9ally pass$4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/urbances 9 ,kansas4 #f4 ,:e!r ,kansas %\ld admit slav]y n[ dep5d$ ^u ! vote ( ! p4 ,! t]ritory 0 soon fill$ ) an agitat$ mass ( p1 ?\s&s ( :om _h be5 s5t ?i!r to vote4 ,9 ! elections ( #ahed-ee1 ! pro-slav]y p>ty 0 triumphant4 ,! ,/ate ,legislature at ,lecompton fram$ a con/itution p]mitt+ slav]y4 ,! ,free ,soil p>ty1 decl>+ ! elections to h be5 illegal1 assembl$ at ,topeka1 & fram$ a con/itution exclud+ slav]y4 ,civil w> broke out betwe5 ! factions4 ,! ho/ile p>ties 7 quiet$1 b ! agitation ext5d$ to all p>ts ( ! ,union4 ,! ,kansas "q became ! issue 9 ! presid5tial election ( #ahef4 #g4 ,james ,bu*anan ( ,p5nsylvania 0 nom9at$ z ! ,democratic c&idate4 ,he plant$ himself on ! ,kansas-,nebraska ,bill1 & secur$ a heavy vote bo? ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,z ! c&idate ( ! ,free ,soil or ,p's p>ty1 ,john ,c4 ,fremont ( ,cali=nia 0 br\ght =w>d4 ,! exclusion ( slav]y f all ! ,t]ritories 0 ! pr9ciple ( ! ,free ,soil plat=m4 ,! ,am]ican or ,"k ,no?+ p>ty nom9at$ ,mill>d ,fillmore4 ,mr4 ,bu*anan 0 elect$ by a l>ge majority1 :ile ! *oice = ! ,vice-presid5cy fell on ,john ,c4 ,breck9ridge ( ,k5tucky4 ,,*apt] ,,xliii4 ,,bu*anan',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #aheg-ahfa4 ,james ,bu*anan 0 a native ( ,p5nsylvania1 born on ! #ac? ( ,april1 #agia4 ,9 #ahca he 0 appo9t$ ,m9i/] to ,russia1 0 aft]w>ds s5ator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u ,presid5t ,polk4 ,9 #ahec he receiv$ ! appo9tm5t ( ,m9i/] to ,great ,brita94 ,z ,secret>y ( ,/ate 9 ! new cab9et1 ,g5]al ,lewis ,cass ( ,mi*igan 0 *os54 ,sid5ote3 ,tr\ble ) ! ,mormons4 #b4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,bu*anan's adm9i/ration1 s]i\s tr\ble occurr$ ) ! ,mormons conc]n+ ! en=cem5t ( ! au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ov] ,utah4 ,an army 0 s5t to ! ,t]ritory 9 #aheg to compel ob$i5ce4 ,= a:ile ! ,mormons resi/$2 b :5 ! ,presid5t proclaim$ a p>don to all :o w\ld submit1 !y yield$2 & ord] 0 re/or$4 ,illu/ration3 ,james ,bu*anan4 ,sid5ote3 ,admission ( ,m9nesota & ,oregon4 #c4 ,! #e? ( ,augu/1 #aheh1 0 not$ = ! completion ( ! ,,fir/ ,,telegraphic ,,cable across ! ,atlantic4 ,! success ( ?is great "w 0 due to ! g5ius ( ,cyrus ,w4 ,field ( ,new ,york4 ,! cable 0 /ret*$ f ,tr9ity ,bay1 ,newf\ndl&1 to ,val5cia ,bay1 ,irel&4 ,aft] successful op]ation = a few weeks ! cable ceas$ to "w4 ,9 #aheh ,m9nesota 0 add$ to ! ,union4 ,! population ( ! new ,/ate 0 a hundr$ & fifty ?\s&4 ,9 ! next ye>1 ,oregon1 ! ?irty-?ird ,/ate1 0 admitt$1 ) a population ( =ty-eight ?\s&4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,br[n's ,raid4 #d4 ,! slav]y "q cont9u$ to vex ! nation4 ,9 #aheg ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 aft] he>+ ! cause ( ,dr$ ,scott1 =m]ly a slave1 decid$ t negroes are n & c n become citiz5s4 ,!reupon1 9 sev]al ( ! free ,/ates1 ,,p]sonal ,,lib]ty ,,bills 7 pass$1 to defeat ! ,fugitive ,slave ,law4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahei1 ,john ,br[n ( ,kansas1 ) a p>ty ( tw5ty-"o d>+ m51 captur$ ! ars5al at ,h>p]'s ,f]ry1 & held 8 gr\nd = two days4 ,! national troops 7 call$ out to suppress ! revolt4 ,?irte5 ( ,br[n's m5 7 kill$1 two made _! escape1 & ! re/ 7 captur$4 ,! lead] & 8 six companions 7 tri$ by ! au?orities ( ,virg9ia1 condemn$ & hang$4 ,sid5ote3 ,election ( ,abraham ,l9coln4 #e4 ,9 ! presid5tial canvass ( #ahfj ! c&idate ( ! ,republican p>ty 0 ,abraham ,l9coln ( ,ill9ois4 ,! di/9ct pr9ciple ( ?is p>ty 0 opposition to ! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,9 ,april ! ,democratic conv5tion assembl$ at ,*>le/on2 b ! ,s\!rn delegates )drew f ! assembly4 ,! re/ adj\rn$ to ,baltimore & *ose ,d\glas z _! /&>d-be>]4 ,!re1 also1 ! delegates f ! ,s\? reassembl$ 9 ,june1 & nom9at$ ,john ,c4 ,breck9ridge ( ,k5tucky4 ,! ,am]ican p>ty *ose z _! c&idate ,john ,bell ( ,t5nessee4 ,! conte/ result$ 9 ! election ( ,mr4 ,l9coln4 #f4 ,! lead]s ( ! ,s\? _h decl>$ t ! *oice ( ,l9coln = ! presid5cy w\ld be a j cause = ! dissolution ( ! ,union4 ,a majority ( ! cab9et1 & a l>ge numb] ( s5ators & repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 7 advocates ( disunion4 ,x 0 se5 t all ! dep>tm5ts ( ! gov]nm5t w\ld %ortly pass "u ! control ( ! ,republican p>ty4 ,presid5t ,bu*anan 0 n himself a disunioni/2 b he decl>$ himself n arm$ ) ! con/itutional p[] to prev5t secession by =ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,secession ( ,s\!rn ,/ates4 #g4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,decemb]1 #ahfj1 a conv5tion met at ,*>le/on1 & aft] ?ree days pass$ a resolution t ! union hi!rto exi/+ betwe5 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ! o!r ,/ates 0 dissolv$4 ,! s5tim5t ( disunion spread ) great rapidity4 ,by ! fir/ ( ,febru>y1 #ahfa1 six o!r ,/ates--,mississippi1 ,florida1 ,alabama1 ,georgia1 ,l\isiana1 & ,texas--_h all pass$ ord9ances ( secession4 ,ne>ly all ! s5ators & repres5tatives ( ^? ,/ates resign$ _! seats 9 ,congress & gave !mselves to ! disunion cause4 #h4 ,9 ! secession conv5tions a few ( ! speak]s d5\nc$ disunion z bad & ru9\s4 ,9 ! conv5tion ( ,georgia1 ,alex&] ,h4 ,/eph5s deliv]$ a p[]ful oration 9 :i* he def5d$ ! !ory ( secession1 b urg$ t ! measure 0 impolitic1 unwise1 disa/r\s4 ,sid5ote3 ,conf$]ation ( ! ,s\?4 #i4 ,on ! #d? ( ,febru>y1 #ahfa1 delegates f six ( ! sec$$ ,/ates assembl$ at ,montgom]y1 ,alabama1 & =m$ a new gov]nm5t1 call$ ! ,,conf$]ate ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica4 ,on ! #h?1 ! gov]nm5t 0 organiz$ by ! election ( ,jeff]son ,davis1 ( ,mississippi1 z provisional ,presid5t1 & ,alex&] ,h4 ,/eph5s1 z ,vice-presid5t4 ,a few days previ\s a peace conf]5ce met at ,wa%+ton1 & propos$ c]ta9 am5dm5ts to ! ,con/itution4 ,b ,congress gave little he$2 & ! conf]5ce adj\rn$4 #aj4 ,! c\ntry seem$ on ! v]ge ( ru94 ,! army 0 on remote fronti]s--! fleet 9 di/ant seas4 ,) ! exception ( ,=ts ,sumt]1 ,m\ltrie1 ,pick5s1 & ,monroe1 all ! important po/s 9 ! sec$$ ,/ates _h be5 seiz$ by ! ,conf$]ate au?orities4 ,e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 ! ,presid5t s5t ! ,/> ( ! ,we/ to re9=ce ,=t ,sumt]4 ,b ! %ip 0 fir$ on1 & n all[$ to l&4 ,,review ,,que/ions4--,,"p ,v4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 #a4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! inauguration ( ! fir/ ,presid5t1 & ( ! organization ( 8 ,cab9et4 #b4 ,outl9e ! important measures ( ,wa%+ton's fir/ & ( 8 second ,adm9i/ration4 #c4 ,tell ab\t ! tr\bles ) ! ,miami ,indians4 #d4 ,:at difficulty ) ,great ,brita9 arose dur+ ! second ,adm9i/ration1 & h[ 0 x adju/$8 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 #e4 ,sket* ! ,adm9i/ration ( ! second ,presid5t1 & give ! relations exi/+ at ?is "t betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,france4 #f4 ,tell ab\t ! ,ali5 & ,s$ition laws4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 #g4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! election ( ,?omas ,jeff]son1 & ( ! *anges t took place 9 ! e>ly "p ( 8 ,adm9i/ration4 #h4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! organization ( ,indiana ,t]ritory1 & also ( ! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase4 #i4 ,tell ! /ory ( ,a>on ,burr & 8 treason4 #aj4 ,tell ( ! ,briti% claim to ! "r ( se>*1 & ( ! imm$iate results 9 ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 #aa4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! election ( ,presid5t ,madison1 & ( our relations ) ,great ,brita94 #ab4 ,foll[ ! ,indian w> 9 ! ,t]ritory ( ,indiana4 #ac4 ,outl9e ! movem5ts1 by l& & by sea1 ( ! op5+ campaign ( ! w> ( #ahab4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 #ad4 ,describe ! organization ( ! ,am]ican army & ! w> movem5ts ( #ahac4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 #ae4 ,give ! campaigns ( #ahad & _! results4 #af4 ,tell ab\t ! treaty ( peace1 also /ate :at _h be5 ! causes ( ! w>1 & h[ ! treaty affect$ ! po9ts 9 dispute4 #ag4 ,/ate ! condition ( monet>y affairs 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! measures t 7 adopt$ 9 _! int]e/4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv4 #ah4 ,:at *>act]iz$ ! ,adm9i/ration ( ,james ,monroe8 #ai4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! affairs 9 ,florida1 & ( ! cession ( t t]ritory by ,spa9 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #bj4 ,tell ab\t ! ,miss\ri ,compromise1 & ! ,monroe ,doctr9e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 #ba4 ,give ! pr9cipal features ( ! peaceful ,adm9i/ration ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 #bb4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,presid5t ,jackson1 & ( 8 treatm5t ( ! nullification doctr9es t 7 br\ght =w>d 9 8 "t4 #bc4 ,tell ( ! ,indian affairs ( ^! ye>s1 & ( _! adju/m5t4 #bd4 ,describe ! bank que/ions t n[ arose4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 #be4 ,outl9e ! ,adm9i/ration ( ,m>t9 ,van ,bur51 & especially ! measures adopt$ to settle ! monet>y que/ions4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxix4 #bf4 ,sket* ! ,adm9i/rations ( ,h>rison & ,tyl]4 #bg4 ,tell ! /ory ( ! ,mormons4 #bh4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! affairs ( ,texas1 & its admission into ! ,union z a ,/ate4 ,,*apt] ,,xl4 #bi4 ,:at 0 ! issue ^u :i* ,presid5t ,polk 0 elect$1 & :at 7 ! great ev5ts ( 8 t]m ( (fice8 #cj4 ,foll[ ! c\rse ( ! ,mexican w>1 giv+ its causes1 prom95t g5]als1 lead+ ev5ts1 & results4 #ca4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! treaty ) ,mexico4 #cb4 ,tell ab\t ! affairs 9 ,cali=nia1 & ! discov]y ( gold4 ,,*apt] ,,xli4 #cc4 ,/ate h[ ! discussions ( ! slav]y "q 7 reop5$ by ! admission ( ,cali=nia into ! ,union1 & tell ( ! ,omnibus ,bill4 #cd4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! ,arctic exp$itions ( ?is p]iod4 ,,*apt] ,,xlii4 #ce4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! lead+ measures ( ,presid5t ,pi]ce's ,adm9i/ration1 & ( ! g5]al progress ( ! nation4 #cf4 ,:at issues 7 prom95t 9 ! election ( #ahef8 ,,*apt] ,,xliii4 #cg4 ,tell ( ! civil & political affairs ( ! fir/ ?ree ye>s ( ,bu*anan's ,adm9i/ration4 #ch4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! political campaign ( #ahfj1 & ! results ( ! election ( ,abraham ,l9coln to ! presid5cy4 ,,"p ,,vi4 ,,! ,,civil ,,w>4 #ahfa-ahfe4 ,,*apt] ,,xliv4 ,,l9coln',s ,,adm9i/ration4--,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,w>4 ,abraham ,l9coln 0 a native ( ,k5tucky1 born on ! #ab? ( ,febru>y1 #ahji4 ,at ! age ( sev5 he 0 tak5 to s\!rn ,indiana1 :]e 8 boyhood 0 pass$ 9 pov]ty & toil4 ,on rea*+ 8 majority he remov$ to ,ill9ois1 :]e he di/+ui%$ himself z a lawy]4 ,he ga9$ a national reputation 9 #aheh1 :51 z ! competitor ( ,/eph5 ,a4 ,d\glas1 he canvass$ ,ill9ois = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,abraham ,l9coln4 #b4 ,! new cab9et 0 organiz$ ) ,william ,h4 ,sew>d ( ,new ,york z ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,salmon ,p4 ,*ase ( ,ohio 0 *os5 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 & ,simon ,cam]on1 ,secret>y ( ,w>2 b he 0 soon succe$$ by ,edw9 ,m4 ,/anton4 ,! secret>y%ip ( ! navy 0 conf]r$ on ,gideon ,welles4 ,9 8 inaugural address1 ! ,presid5t decl>$ 8 purpose to repossess ! =ts & public prop]ty :i* _h be5 seiz$ by ! ,conf$]ates4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,m>*1 a futile ef=t 0 made by ! sec$$ ,/ates to obta9 recognition f ! national gov]nm5t4 ,!n foll[$ a second attempt to re9=ce ,=t ,sumt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,=t ,sumt] ,fir$ ^u4 #c4 ,! def5ces ( ,*>le/on 7 held by sev5ty-n9e m5 "u ,major ,rob]t ,&]son4 ,) ?is small =ce he retir$ to ,=t ,sumt]4 ,conf$]ate volunte]s flock$ to ! city1 & batt]ies 7 built ab\t ! h>bor4 ,! au?orities ( ! ,conf$]ate ,/ates det]m9$ to anticipate ! movem5t ( ! gov]nm5t by compell+ ,&]son to surr5d]4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,april1 ,g5]al ,p4 ,t4 ,beaureg>d1 comm&ant ( ,*>le/on1 s5t a flag to ,sumt]1 dem&+ an evacuation4 ,major ,&]son repli$ t he %\ld def5d ! =tress4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ ! fir/ gun 0 fir$ f a ,conf$]ate batt]y2 & a bomb>dm5t ( ?irty-f\r h\rs' duration foll[$4 ,! =t 0 oblig$ to capitulate4 ,! honors ( w> 7 grant$ to ,&]son & 8 m54 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,presid5t calls = ,volunte]s4 #d4 ,?ree days aft] ! fall ( ,sumt] ! ,presid5t issu$ a call = sev5ty-five ?\s& volunte]s to s]ve ?ree mon?s4 ,two days lat] ,virg9ia sec$$ f ! ,union4 ,on ! #f? ( ,may1 ,arkansas foll[$1 & !n ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 on ! #bj? ( ! mon?4 ,9 ,t5nessee !re 0 a p[]ful opposition to disunion1 & x 0 n until ! #h? ( ,june t a secession ord9ance c\ld be pass$4 ,9 ,miss\ri ! movem5t result$ 9 civil w>1 :ile 9 ,k5tucky ! au?orities issu$ a proclamation ( neutrality4 ,! p ( ,m>yl& 7 divid$ into ho/ile p>ties4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>p]'s ,f]ry & ,norfolk seiz$4 #e4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,april1 :5 ! ,massa*usetts volunte]s 7 pass+ ?r\gh ,baltimore1 !y 7 fir$ ^u by ! citiz5s & ?ree m5 kill$4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ blood%$ ( ! w>4 ,on ! day previ\s1 a body ( ,conf$]ate soldi]s captur$ ! armory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ,h>p]'s ,f]ry4 ,on ! #bj? ( ! mon? ano!r company obta9$ possession ( ! great navy y>d at ,norfolk4 ,! prop]ty ?us captur$ am\nt$ to fully t5 millions ( doll>s4 ,on ! #c;d ( ,may ! ,presid5t issu$ a call = eighty-?ree ?\s& soldi]s to s]ve = ?ree ye>s or dur+ ! w>4 ,g5]al ,w9field ,scott 0 made comm&]-9-*ief4 ,w> %ips 7 s5t to blockade ! ,s\!rn ports4 ,9 ! sec$$ ,/ates !re 0 b\ndless activity4 ,! ,s\!rn ,congress adj\rn$ f ,montgom]y1 to meet on ! #bj? ( ,july1 at ,ri*mond4 ,!re ,mr4 ,davis & ! (fic]s ( 8 cab9et _h assembl$ to direct ! affairs ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,s /ood ! antagoni/ic p[]s 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 #ahfa4 ,x is appropriate to look briefly into ,,! ,,causes ( ! conflict4 ,,*apt] ,,xlv4 ,,causes ,,( ,,! ,,civil ,,w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,mean+ ( ! ,con/itution4 ,! mo/ g5]al cause ( ! civil w> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ! diff]5t con/ruction put ^u ! ,con/itution by ! p ( ! ,nor? & ( ! ,s\?4 ,a diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/$ z to h[ t in/rum5t 0 to be und]/ood4 ,"o p>ty held t ! ,union ( ! ,/ates is indissoluble2 t ! ,/ates are subord9ate to ! c5tral gov]nm5t2 t ! acts ( ,congress are b9d+ on ! ,/ates2 & t all attempts at nullification & disunion are disloyal & treasonable4 ,! o!r p>ty held t ! national ,con/itution is a compact betwe5 sov]eign ,/ates2 t = c]ta9 reasons ! ,union may be dissolv$2 t ! sov]eignty ( ! nation belongs to ! individual ,/ates2 t a ,/ate may annul an act ( ,congress2 t ! highe/ allegiance ( ! citiz5 is due to 8 own ,/ate2 & t nullification & disunion are ju/ifiable & honorable4 #b4 ,?is "q /ruck into ! v he>t ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,x ?reat5$ to undo ! :ole civil /ructure ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ! e>li] hi/ory ( ! c\ntry ! doctr9e ( ,/ate sov]eignty 0 mo/ advocat$ 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,aft]w>ds ! p ( t section pass$ ov] to ! advocacy ( national sov]eignty1 :ile ! p ( ! ,s\? took up ! doctr9e ( ,/ate rights4 ,z e>ly z #ahca ! "r ( nullify+ an act ( ,congress 0 op5ly advocat$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,?us x happ5$ t ! belief 9 ,/ate sov]eignty became m preval5t 9 ! ,s\? ?an 9 ! ,nor?4 ,sid5ote3 ,sy/ems ( ,labor4 #c4 ,a second cause ( ! civil w> 0 ! diff]5t sy/em ( labor 9 ! ,nor? & 9 ! ,s\?4 ,9 ! =m] section ! labor]s 7 freem52 9 ! latt]1 slaves4 ,9 ! ,s\? ! !ory 0 t capital %\ld own labor2 9 ! ,nor? t bo? labor & capital are free4 ,9 ! beg9n+ all ! colonies _h be5 slavehold+4 ,9 ! ,ea/]n & ,middle ,/ates ! sy/em ( slave-labor _h be5 aboli%$4 ,9 ! ,nor?we/]n ,t]ritory slav]y 0 exclud$ f ! beg9n+4 ,?us !re came to be a divid+ l9e drawn ?r\gh ! ,union4 ,:5ev] ! "q ( slav]y 0 agitat$1 a sectional division w\ld arise betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,! dang] aris+ f ?is s\rce 0 increas$ by sev]al subord9ate causes4 #d4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! inv5tion ( ! ,,cotton ,,g9 to replace h&-labor 9 sep>at+ ! fib] f ! se$s ( ! cotton plant4 ,x 0 inv5t$ 9 #agic by ,eli ,:itney1 ( ,massa*usetts1 & ?r\gh its imm$iate adoption cotton sudd5ly became ! mo/ pr(itable ( all ! /aples4 ,9 proportion to ! increas$ pr(itabl5ess ( cotton1 slave-labor grew 9 dem& & slav]y became an important & deep-root$ in/itution4 #e4 ,f ?is "t onw>d1 !re 0 con/ant dang] ( disunion4 ,9 ! ,,miss\ri ,,agitation ( #ahbj-ba1 ?reats ( dissolv+ ! ,union 7 freely made 9 bo? ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,:5 ! ,miss\ri ,compromise 0 enact$1 x 0 ! hope ( ,mr4 ,clay & 8 fell[-/atesm5 to save ! ,union by remov+ ! slav]y "q f politics4 #f4 ,next came ! ,,nullification ,,acts ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates _h become cotton-produc+2 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates _h giv5 !mselves to manufactur+4 ,! t>iff measures favor$ manufactur]s at ! exp5se ( produc]s4 ,mr4 ,calh\n propos$ to rem$y ! evil by annull+ ! laws ( ,congress2 & ano!r compromise 0 f\nd necess>y 9 ord] to allay ! animosities :i* _h be5 awak5$4 #g4 ,! ,,annexation ,,( ,,texas l$ to a r5ewal ( ! agitation4 ,^? :o oppos$ ! ,mexican ,w> did s because ( ! fact t !reby slav]y w\ld be ext5d$4 ,:e!r ! t]ritory acquir$ %\ld be made into free or slavehold+ ,/ates 0 ! "q next agitat$4 ,?is l$ to ! ,,omnibus ,,bill1 by :i* ! excitem5t 0 aga9 allay$4 #h4 ,9 #ahed ! ,,kansas-,,nebraska ,,bill op5$ ! "q anew4 ,mean:ile1 ! "* ( ! ,nor!rn & ! ,s\!rn p _h become q diff]5t4 ,9 population & weal? ! ,nor? _h f> outgr[n ! ,s\?4 ,9 #ahfj ,mr4 ,l9coln 0 elect$ by ! votes ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,! p ( ! ,s\? 7 exasp]at$ at ! *oice ( a *ief-magi/rate :om !y reg>d$ z ho/ile to _! int]e/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,sectional ,e/rangem5t4 #i4 ,! ?ird g5]al cause ( ! w> 0 ! want ( int]c\rse betwe5 ! p ( ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,! great railroads ran ea/ & we/4 ,betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\? !re 0 little travel4 ,f want ( acqua9tance ! p became e/rang$1 jeal\s1 & suspici\s4 #aj4 ,a f\r? cause 0 ! publication ( sectional books4 ,dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s prec$+ ! w>1 _m works 7 publi%$ ^: popul>ity dep5d$ on ! animosity exi/+ betwe5 ! two sections4 ,9 su* books ! mann]s & cu/oms ( "o section 7 held up to ! contempt ( ! p ( ! o!r section4 ,9 ! ,nor? ! belief 0 fo/]$ t ! ,s\? 0 giv5 up to inhumanity2 :ile 9 ! ,s\? ! op9ion prevail$ t ! ,nor!rn p 7 a mean race ( c[>dly ,yankees4 ,sid5ote3 ,influ5ce ( ,demagogues4 #aa4 ,! evil influ5ce ( demagogues may be cit$ z ! fif? g5]al cause ( ! w>4 ,f #ahej to #ahfj1 ,am]ican /atesman%ip & patriotism 7 at a l[ ebb4 ,ambiti\s & s*em+ politicians _h obta9$ control ( ! political p>ties4 ,! welf>e ( ! c\ntry 0 put aside z ( little value4 ,9 ord] to ga9 p[]1 _m unpr9cipl$ m5 9 ! ,s\? 7 anxi\s to de/roy ! ,union1 :ile o!rs 9 ! ,nor? 7 will+ to abuse ! ,union = ! same purpose4 #ab4 ,add$ to all ^! causes 0 a gr[+ public op9ion 9 ! ,nor? aga9/ ! in/itution ( slav]y itself2 a belief t slav]y 0 wrong & ought to be de/roy$4 ,?is op9ion1 comp>atively feeble at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>1 0 rapidly develop$1 & _h mu* to d 9 det]m9+ ! f9al "* ( ! conflict4 ,,*apt] ,,xlvi4 ,,ev5ts ,,( #ahfa4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ations 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,may ! ,union army cross$ ! ,potomac f ,wa%+ton to ,alex&ria4 ,at ?is "t ,=tress ,monroe 0 held by twelve ?\s& m51 "u ,g5]al ,b4 ,f4 ,butl]4 ,at ,be!l ,*ur*1 9 t vic9ity1 0 /ation$ a deta*m5t ( ,conf$]ates4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,june1 a body ( ,union troops 0 s5t to dislodge !m1 b 0 repuls$ ) consid]able loss4 ,illu/ration3 ,vic9ity ( ,manassas ,junction1 #ahfa4 #b4 ,9 ! la/ ( ,may1 ,g5]al ,t4 ,a4 ,morris mov$ =w>d f ,p>k]sburg to ,grafton1 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,on ! #c;d ( ,june he defeat$ a =ce ( ,conf$]ates at ,phillippi4 ,g5]al ,george ,b4 ,mc,clellan n[ took ! comm&1 & on ! #aa? ( ,july ga9$ a victory at ,ri* ,m\nta94 ,on ! #aj? ( ,augu/1 ,g5]al ,floyd1 ) a deta*m5t ( ,conf$]ates at ,c>nifex ,f]ry1 0 attack$ by ,g5]al ,william ,s4 ,rosecrans & oblig$ to retreat4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,septemb] ! ,conf$]ates1 "u ,g5]al ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee1 7 beat5 9 an engagem5t at ,*eat ,m\nta94 #c4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 ,g5]al ,rob]t ,patt]son m>*$ aga9/ ,h>p]'s ,f]ry4 ,on ! #aa? ( ! mon? a division comm&$ by ,colonel ,lewis ,wallace made a successful onset ^u ! ,conf$]ates at ,romney4 ,patt]son !n cross$ ! ,potomac & press$ back ! ,conf$]ate =ces to ,w9*e/]4 ,?us f> !re _h be5 only petty engagem5ts & skirmi%es4 ,! "t _h n[ come = ! fir/ great battle ( ! w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ ,battle ( ,bull ,run4 #d4 ,! ma9 body ( ! ,conf$]ates1 "u ,g5]al ,beaureg>d1 0 conc5trat$ at ,manassas ,junction1 tw5ty-sev5 miles we/ ( ,alex&ria4 ,ano!r l>ge =ce1 comm&$ by ,g5]al ,joseph ,e4 ,john/on1 0 9 ! ,%5&oah ,valley4 ,! ,union army at ,alex&ria 0 comm&$ by ,g5]al ,irw9 ,mc,dowell1 :ile ,g5]al ,patt]son 0 /ation$ 9 front ( ,john/on4 ,on ! #af? ( ,july ! national army mov$ =w>d1 & on ! morn+ ( ! #ba/ came ^u ! ,conf$]ate army betwe5 ,bull ,run & ,manassas ,junction4 ,a g5]al battle ensu$1 cont9u+ ) great sev]ity until noonday4 ,9 ! crisis ( ! conflict ,g5]al ,john/on arriv$ ) ne>ly six ?\s& fre% troops f ! ,%5&oah ,valley2 & 9 a %ort "t ,mc,dowell's army 0 hurl$ back 9 r\t & confusion into ! def5ses ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,union loss 9 kill$1 w\nd$1 & prison]s am\nt$ to two ?\s& n9e hundr$ & fifty-two2 t ( ! ,conf$]ates to two ?\s& & fifty4 #e4 ,mean:ile1 on ! #bj? ( ,july1 ! new ,conf$]ate gov]nm5t 0 organiz$ at ,ri*mond4 ,jeff]son ,davis1 ! ,presid5t1 0 a man ( wide exp]i5ce 9 ! affairs ( /ate1 & consid]able reputation z a soldi]4 ,he _h s]v$ 9 bo? h\ses ( ! national ,congress1 & z a memb] ( ,pi]ce's cab9et4 ,8 decision ( "* & advocacy ( ,/ate rights _h made him a natural lead] ( ! ,s\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ations 9 ,miss\ri4 #f4 ,! next milit>y movem5ts 7 made 9 ,miss\ri4 ,a conv5tion1 call$ by ,gov]nor ,jackson 9 ! previ\s ,m>*1 _h refus$ to pass an ord9ance ( secession4 ,b ! disunioni/s 7 num]\s & p[]ful2 & ! ,/ate became a battlefield4 ,bo? ,f$]al & ,conf$]ate camps 7 organiz$4 ,by captur+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ars5al at ,lib]ty1 ! ,conf$]ates obta9$ a supply ( arms & ammunition4 #g4 ,!y hurri$ up troops1 also1 f ,arkansas & ,texas 9 ord] to secure ! lead m9es 9 ! s\?we/ "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,june ,lyon defeat$ ,gov]nor ,jackson at ,booneville1 & on ! #e? ( ,july ! ,unioni/s1 l$ by ,colonel ,franz ,sigel1 7 aga9 successful 9 a fight at ,c>?age4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,augu/ a h>d battle 0 f\ght at ,wilson's ,creek1 ne> ,spr+field4 ,g5]al ,lyon made a d>+ attack on ! ,conf$]ates "u ,g5]als ,mc,culloch & ,price4 ,! ,f$]als at fir/ ga9$ ! field1 b ,g5]al ,lyon 0 kill$1 & 8 m5 retreat$4 #h4 ,g5]al ,price n[ press$ nor?w>d to ,lex+ton1 :i* 0 def5d$ by two ?\s& six hundr$ ,f$]als1 comm&$ by ,colonel ,mulligan4 ,a /ubborn def5ce 0 made1 b ,mulligan 0 oblig$ to capitulate4 ,on ! #af? ( ,octob] ,lex+ton 0 retak5 by ! ,f$]als4 ,g5]al ,john ,c4 ,fremont foll[$ ! retreat+ ,conf$]ates z f> z ,spr+field1 :5 he 0 sup]s$$ by ,g5]al ,hunt]4 ,! latt] retreat$ to ,/4 ,l\is1 & ,price fell back t[>d ,arkansas4 #i4 ,! ,conf$]ates captur$ ! t[n ( ,columbus 9 ,k5tucky1 & also ga!r$ 9 =ce at ,belmont1 on ! opposite bank ( ! ,mississippi4 ,colonel ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant1 ) ?ree ?\s& ,ill9ois troops1 0 n[ s5t into ,miss\ri4 ,on ! #g? ( ,novemb] he made a successful attack on ,belmont2 b 0 aft]w>ds oblig$ to retreat4 ,sid5ote3 ,ball's ,bluff4 #aj4 ,aft] ! r\t at ,bull ,run1 troops 7 rapidly hurri$ to ,wa%+ton4 ,! ag$ ,g5]al ,scott retir$ f active duty1 & ,g5]al ,mc,clellan took comm& ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,by ,octob] 8 =ces _h increas$ to a hundr$ & fifty ?\s& m54 ,on ! #ba/ ( t mon? two ?\s& troops 7 s5t across ! ,potomac at ,ball's ,bluff4 ,)\t prop] support1 ! ,f$]als 7 attack$ by a =ce ( ,conf$]ates "u ,g5]al ,evans1 driv5 to ! riv]1 _! lead]1 ,colonel ,bak]1 kill$1 & ! :ole =ce r\t$ ) a loss ( eight hundr$ m54 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn ,coa/ ,blockad$4 #aa4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahfa a naval exp$ition proce$$ to ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a coa/1 & on ! #bi? ( ,augu/ captur$ ! =ts at ,hatt]as ,inlet4 ,on ! #g? ( ,novemb] an armam5t1 "u ,commodore ,samuel ,f4 ,du ,pont & ,g5]al ,?omas ,w4 ,%]man1 rea*$ ,port ,royal1 & captur$ ,=ts ,walk] & ,beaureg>d4 ,! blockade became s rigor\s t communication betwe5 ! ,conf$]ate ,/ates & =eign nations 0 cut (f4 ,9 ?is juncture ( affairs1 a s]i\s difficulty arose ) ,great ,brita94 ,illu/ration3 ,george ,b4 ,mc,clellan4 ,sid5ote3 ,mason & ,slidell4 #ab4 ,! ,conf$]ate gov]nm5t appo9t$ ,james ,m4 ,mason & ,john ,slidell z ambassadors to ,france & ,engl&4 ,! envoys1 escap+ f ,*>le/on1 rea*$ ,havana 9 safety4 ,at t port !y took passage on ! ,briti% /eam] ,tr5t = ,europe4 ,on ! #h? ( ,novemb] ! vessel 0 ov]tak5 by ! ,unit$ ,/ates frigate ,san ,jac9to1 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,wilkes4 ,! ,tr5t 0 hail$ & bo>d$2 ! two ambassadors 7 seiz$1 transf]r$ to ! ,san ,jac9to1 & c>ri$ to ,bo/on4 ,:5 ! ,tr5t rea*$ ,engl&1 ! :ole k+dom bur/ out 9 a blaze ( wra?4 #ac4 ,at fir/ ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 dispos$ to def5d ,capta9 ,wilkes's action4 ,_h su* a c\rse be5 tak51 w> ) ,great ,brita9 w\ld h be5 inevitable4 ,! c\ntry 0 sav$ f ! p]il by ! diplomacy ( ,william ,h4 ,sew>d1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,:5 ,great ,brita9 dem&$ rep>ation = ! insult1 & ! lib]ation ( ! prison]s1 he repli$ 9 a mild1 cauti\s1 & v able pap]4 ,x 0 conc$$ t ! seizure ( ,mason & ,slidell 0 n ju/ifiable accord+ to ! law ( nations4 ,an apology 0 made = ! wrong done2 ! ,conf$]ate ambassadors 7 lib]at$1 put on bo>d a vessel1 & s5t to _! de/9ation4 ,s end$ ! fir/ ye> ( ! civil w>4 ,,*apt] ,,xlvii4 ,,campaigns ,,( #ahfb4 ,! ,f$]al =ces n[ numb]$ ab\t f\r hundr$ & fifty ?\s& m54 ,( ^! ne>ly two hundr$ ?\s&1 "u ,g5]al ,mc,clellan1 7 encamp$ ne> ,wa%+ton4 ,ano!r army1 comm&$ by ,g5]al ,buell1 0 /ation$ at ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 #b4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> ! capture ( ,=t ,h5ry on ! ,t5nessee & ,=t ,donelson1 on ! ,cumb]l&1 0 plann$ by ,g5]al ,halleck4 ,commodore ,foote 0 s5t up ! ,t5nessee ) a fleet ( gunboats1 & ,g5]al ,grant 0 ord]$ to move =w>d aga9/ ,=t ,h5ry4 ,be=e ! l&-=ces rea*$ t place1 ! flotilla compell$ ! evacuation ( ! =t1 ! ,conf$]ates escap+ to ,donelson4 ,sid5ote3 ,=t ,donelson4 #c4 ,! ,f$]al gunboats n[ dropp$ d[n ! ,t5nessee & !n asc5d$ ! ,cumb]l&4 ,grant press$ on f ,=t ,h5ry1 & began ! siege ( ,=t ,donelson4 ,! def5ces 7 mann$ by t5 ?\s& ,conf$]ates1 "u ,g5]al ,buckn]4 ,grant's =ce numb]$ ne>ly ?irty ?\s&4 ,on ! #af? ( ,febru>y ,buckn] 0 oblig$ to surr5d]4 ,8 army became prison]s ( w>1 & all ! magaz9es1 /ores1 & guns ( ! =t fell into ! h&s ( ! ,f$]als4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,%iloh4 #d4 ,g5]al ,grant n[ asc5d$ ! ,t5nessee to ,pittsburg ,l&+4 ,a camp 0 e/abli%$ at ,%iloh ,*ur*1 ne> ! riv]2 & "h1 on ! #f? ( ,april1 ! ,union army 0 attack$ by ! ,conf$]ates1 l$ by ,g5]als ,alb]t ,s4 ,john/on & ,beaureg>d4 ,all day long ! battle rag$ ) great slaught] on bo? sides4 ,night fell on ! sc5e ) ! conflict undecid$2 b 9 ! crisis ,g5]al ,buell arriv$ ) /rong re9=cem5ts4 ,9 ! morn+ ,g5]al ,grant assum$ ! (f5sive4 ,g5]al ,john/on _h be5 kill$1 & ,beaureg>d 0 oblig$ to retreat to ,cor9?4 ,! losses 9 kill$1 w\nd$1 & miss+ 7 m ?an t5 ?\s& on ea* side4 ,sid5ote3 ,isl& ,numb] ,t54 #e4 ,aft] ! ,conf$]ates evacuat$ ,columbus1 ,k5tucky1 !y =tifi$ ,isl& ,numb] ,t5 9 ! ,mississippi1 opposite ,new ,madrid4 ,aga9/ ?is place ,g5]al ,pope advanc$ ) a body ( ,we/]n troops1 :ile ,commodore ,foote desc5d$ ! ,mississippi ) 8 gunboats4 ,pope captur$ ,new ,madrid2 & = tw5ty-?ree days ,isl& ,numb] ,t5 0 besieg$4 ,on ! #g? ( ,april ! ,conf$]ates attempt$ to escape2 b ,pope _h cut (f ! retreat1 & ! g>rison1 numb]+ five ?\s&1 0 captur$4 ,on ! #f? ( ,june ! city ( ,memphis 0 tak5 by ! fleet ( ,commodore ,davis4 #f4 ,e>ly 9 ! ye> ,g5]al ,curtis pu%$ =w>d into ,arkansas1 & took position at ,pea ,ridge1 among ! m\nta9s4 ,"h he 0 attack$ on ! #f? ( ,m>* by a ,conf$]ate =ce ( tw5ty ?\s& m51 :i* includ$ a l>ge numb] ( ,indians f ! adjac5t ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,a h>d-f\ght battle ensu$1 la/+ = two days1 9 :i* ! ,f$]als 7 victori\s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,m]rimac & ! ,monitor4 #g4 ,aft] ! de/ruction ( ! navy y>d at ,norfolk1 ! ,conf$]ates _h rais$ ! frigate ,m]rimac1 "o ( ! sunk5 %ips1 & plat$ ! sides ) iron4 ,! vessel 0 !n s5t to attack ! ,union fleet at ,=tress ,monroe4 ,rea*+ t place on ! #h? ( ,m>*1 ! ,m]rimac began ! "w ( de/ruction2 & two valuable vessels1 ! ,cumb]l& & ! ,congress1 7 s5t to ! bottom4 ,dur+ ! night1 h[ev]1 a /range %ip1 call$ ! ,monitor1 inv5t$ by ,capta9 ,john ,ericsson1 arriv$ f ,new ,york2 & on ! foll[+ morn+ ! two iron-clad mon/]s turn$ _! eng9]y ^u ea* o!r4 ,aft] fight+ = five h\rs1 ! ,m]rimac 0 oblig$ to retire to ,norfolk1 badly damag$4 ,illu/ration3 ,m]rimac & ,monitor4 #h4 ,on ! #h? ( ,febru>y a ,f$]al squadron attack$ ! ,conf$]ate =tifications on ,roanoke ,isl&4 ,! g>rison1 ne>ly ?ree ?\s& /rong1 7 tak5 prison]s4 ,burnside next proce$$ aga9/ ,newb]n1 & on ! #ad? ( ,m>* captur$ ! city4 ,proce$+ s\?w>d1 he rea*$ ! h>bor ( ,beau=t1 & on ! #be? ( ,april took possession ( ! t[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,capture ( ,new ,orleans4 #i4 ,on ! #aa? ( ! same mon? ,=t ,pulaski1 at ! m\? ( ! ,savannah1 surr5d]$ to ,g5]al ,gillmore4 ,e>ly 9 ,april1 a p[]ful squadron1 "u ,g5]al ,butl] & ,admiral ,f>ragut1 asc5d$ ! ,mississippi & attack$ ,=ts ,jackson & ,/4 ,philip1 ?irty miles above ! ,gulf4 ,f ! #ah? to ! #bd? ! fight cont9u$ )\t cessation4 ,at ! end ( t "t ,admiral ,f>ragut succe$$ 9 runn+ pa/ ! batt]ies4 ,on ! next day he rea*$ ,new ,orleans1 & captur$ ! city4 ,g5]al ,butl] became comm&ant1 & ! =tifications 7 mann$ ) fifte5 ?\s& ,f$]al soldi]s4 ,?ree days aft]w>ds1 ,=ts ,jackson & ,/4 ,philip surr5d]$ to ,admiral ,port]4 ,sid5ote3 ,campaign 9 ,k5tucky4 #aj4 ,! ,conf$]ates n[ invad$ ,k5tucky1 9 two /rong divisions1 ! "o l$ by ,g5]al ,kirby ,smi? & ! o!r by ,g5]al ,bragg4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,augu/ ,smi?'s army rea*$ ,ri*mond1 & r\t$ ! ,f$]als /ation$ !re1 ) heavy losses4 ,lex+ton 0 tak51 & !n ,frank=t2 & ,c9c9nati 0 sav$ f capture only by ! ex]tions ( ,g5]al ,wallace4 ,mean:ile1 ! army ( ,g5]al ,bragg advanc$ f ,*attanooga1 & on ! #ag? ( ,septemb] captur$ a ,f$]al division ( f\r ?\s& five hundr$ m5 at ,mum=dsville4 ,! ,conf$]ate g5]al press$ on t[>d ,l\isville1 & w\ld h tak5 ! city b = ! arrival ( ,g5]al ,buell4 ,buell's army 0 increas$ to "o hundr$ ?\s& m54 ,9 ,octob] he aga9 took ! field1 & on ! #h? ( ! mon? ov]took ,g5]al ,bragg at ,p]ryville4 ,"h a sev]e b indecisive battle 0 f\ght2 & ! ,conf$]ates1 lad5 ) spoils1 cont9u$ _! retreat into ea/ ,t5nessee4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ations 9 ,mississippi4 #aa4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,septemb] a h>d battle 0 f\ght at ,iuka1 betwe5 a ,f$]al army1 "u ,g5]als ,rosecrans & ,grant1 & a ,conf$]ate =ce1 "u ,g5]al ,price4 ,! latt] 0 defeat$1 los+1 9 addition to 8 kill$ & w\nd$1 ne>ly a ?\s& prison]s4 ,rosecrans n[ took po/ at ,cor9? ) tw5ty ?\s& m52 :ile ,grant1 ) ! rema9d] ( ! ,f$]al =ces1 proce$$ to ,jackson1 ,t5nessee4 ,g5]als ,van ,dorn & ,price turn$ ab\t to recapture ,cor9?4 ,!re1 on ! #c;d ( ,octob]1 ano!r sev]e battle ensu$1 :i* end$1 aft] two days' fight+1 9 ! repulse ( ! ,conf$]ates4 #ab4 ,9 ,decemb] ,g5]al ,%]man dropp$ d[n ! riv] f ,memphis to ! ,yazoo4 ,on ! #bi? ( ! mon? he made an unsuccessful attack on ! ,conf$]ates at ,*ickasaw ,bay\4 ,! assault 0 exce$+ly disa/r\s to ! ,f$]als1 :o lo/ 9 kill$1 w\nd$1 & prison]s m ?an ?ree ?\s& m54 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,murfreesbor\gh4 #ac4 ,g5]al ,rosecrans 0 n[ transf]r$ to ! comm& ( ! ,army ( ! ,cumb]l&1 ) headqu>t]s at ,na%ville4 ,g5]al ,bragg1 on 8 retirem5t f ,k5tucky1 _h ?r[n 8 =ces into ,murfreesbor\gh4 ,rosecrans mov$ =w>d1 & on ! #cj? ( ,decemb] came ^u ! ,conf$]ates on ,/one's ,riv]1 a %ort di/ance nor?we/ ( ,murfreesbor\gh4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ a furi\s battle ensu$1 cont9u+ until nightfall4 ,! ,union army 0 br\ght to ! v]ge ( ru94 ,b dur+ ! night ,rosecrans ralli$ 8 =ces1 & at daybreak 0 ready to r5ew ! conflict4 ,on t day !re 0 a lull4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #b;d ( ,janu>y ,bragg's army aga9 ru%$ to ! onset1 ga9$ "s successes at fir/1 0 !n *eck$1 & f9ally driv5 back ) heavy losses4 ,bragg )drew 8 %att]$ columns1 & fil$ (f t[>d ,*attanooga4 ,sid5ote3 ,jackson's ,valley ,campaign4 #ad4 ,9 ,virg9ia ! fir/ sc5es ( ! ye> 7 enact$ 9 ! ,%5&oah ,valley4 ,g5]al ,banks 0 s5t =w>d ) a /rong division1 & 9 ! la/ ( ,m>* occupi$ ! t[n ( ,h>risonburg4 ,to c\nt]act ?is movem5t1 ,/onewall ,jackson 0 s5t ) tw5ty ?\s& m5 to pass ! ,blue ,ridge & cut (f ,banks's retreat4 ,at ,front ,royal1 ! ,conf$]ates fell ^u ! ,f$]als1 r\t$ !m1 & captur$ _! guns & /ores4 ,banks succe$$1 h[ev]1 9 pass+ ) 8 ma9 division to ,/rasburg & escap+ out ( ! valley4 #ae4 ,jackson n[ f\nd himself 9 great p]il1 = ,g5]al ,fremont _h be5 s5t into ! valley to int]cept ! ,conf$]ate retreat4 ,b he succe$$ 9 rea*+ ,cross ,keys be=e ,fremont c\ld attack him4 ,! battle at ,cross ,keys 0 n decisive1 & ,jackson press$ on to ,port ,republic1 :]e he attack$ & defeat$ ! division ( ,g5]al ,%ields4 ,illu/ration3 ,vic9ity ( ,ri*mond1 #ahfb4 #af4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,m>* ! ,army ( ! ,potomac set out f ! camps ab\t ,wa%+ton to capture ! ,conf$]ate capital4 ,! advance proce$$ z f> z ,manassas ,junction1 :]e ,mc,clellan1 *ang+ 8 plan1 emb>k$ a hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& ( 8 m5 = ,=tress ,monroe4 ,f t place1 on ! #d? ( ,april1 ! ,union army advanc$ to ,yorkt[n4 ,?is place 0 def5d$ by t5 ?\s& ,conf$]ates1 "u ,g5]al ,magrud]2 & "h ,mc,clellan's advance 0 delay$ = a mon?4 ,on ! #d? ( ,may1 ,yorkt[n 0 tak5 & ! ,f$]al army press$ on to ,we/ ,po9t4 ,mc,clellan rea*$ ! ,*ickahom9y )\t s]i\s resi/ance1 & cross$ at ,bottom's ,bridge4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,p59sul> ,campaign4 #ag4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,may ,g5]al ,wool1 ! comm&ant ( ,=tress ,monroe1 l$ an exp$ition aga9/ ,norfolk & captur$ ! t[n4 ,on ! next day ! ,conf$]ate iron-clad ,virg9ia 0 bl[n up to save h] f capture4 ,! ,james ,riv] 0 ?us op5$ = ! supply-transports ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,on ! #ca/ ( ,may t army 0 attack$ at a place call$ ,fair ,oaks1 or ,sev5 ,p9es4 ,"h = a "p ( two days ! battle rag$ ) great fury4 ,at la/ ! ,conf$]ates 7 driv5 back2 b ,mc,clellan's victory 0 by no means decisive4 ,g5]al ,joseph ,e4 ,john/on1 ! comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,conf$]ates1 0 sev]ely w\nd$2 & ! comm& devolv$ on ,g5]al ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee4 ,illu/ration3 ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee4 #ah4 ,mc,clellan n[ =m$ ! design ( retir+ to a po9t on ! ,james bel[ ,ri*mond4 ,be=e ! movem5t fairly began1 ,g5]al ,lee1 on ! #be? ( ,june1 /ruck ! "r w+ ( ! ,union army at ,oak ,grove1 & a h>d-f\ght battle ensu$4 ,on ! next day ano!r engagem5t occurr$ at ,me*anicsville1 & ! ,f$]als won ! field4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ ,lee r5ew$ ! /ruggle at ,ga9es's ,mill1 & came out victori\s4 ,on ! #bi? ,mc,clellan's army 0 attack$ at ,savage's ,/ation & aga9 9 ! ,:ite ,oak ,swamp--b ! ,conf$]ates 7 kept at bay4 ,on ! #cj? 0 f\ght ! desp]ate battle ( ,gl5dale1 or ,frazi]'s ,f>m4 ,on t night ! ,f$]al army rea*$ ,malv]n ,hill1 twelve miles bel[ ,ri*mond4 ,g5]al ,lee det]m9$ to c>ry ! place by /orm4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #a/ ( ,july ! :ole ,conf$]ate army ru%$ =w>d to ! assault4 ,all day long ! /ruggle = ! possession ( ! high gr\nds cont9u$4 ,n until n9e o'clock at night did ,lee's columns fall back exhau/$4 ,= sev5 days ! ro> ( battle _h be5 he>d almo/ )\t cessation4 #ai4 ,on ! #b;d ( ,july ,mc,clellan retir$ ) 8 army to ,h>rison's ,l&+1 a few miles d[n ! riv]2 & ! great campaign 0 at an end4 ,! ,f$]al army _h lo/ m ?an fifte5 ?\s& m51 & ! losses ( ! ,conf$]ates _h be5 /ill great]4 ,sid5ote3 ,c$> ,m\nta94 #bj4 ,g5]al ,lee n[ =m$ ! design ( captur+ ! ,f$]al capital4 ,! ,union troops betwe5 ,ri*mond & ,wa%+ton 7 "u comm& ( ,g5]al ,john ,pope4 ,lee mov$ nor?w>d1 &1 on ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 ,pope retreat$ beyond ! ,rappahannock4 ,mean:ile1 ,g5]al ,banks 0 attack$ by ,/onewall ,jackson at ,c$> ,m\nta91 :]e no?+ b h>d fight+ sav$ ! ,f$]als f a r\t4 #ba4 ,jackson next da%$ by ) 8 division1 on a flank movem5t to ,manassas ,junction1 :]e he made l>ge captures4 ,pope !n ?rew 8 army betwe5 ! two divisions ( ! ,conf$]ates4 ,on ,augu/ #bh? & #bi?1 !re 0 t]rible fight+ on ! old ,bull ,run battle-gr\nd4 ,at "o "t x seem$ t ,lee's army w\ld be defeat$2 b ,pope's re9=cem5ts 7 )held by ,g5]al ,port]1 & on ! #ca/ ! ,conf$]ates /ruck ! ,union army at ,*antilly1 w9n+ a complete victory4 ,pope )drew 8 brok5 columns z rapidly z possible1 & f\nd safety )9 ! def5ces ( ,wa%+ton4 ,sid5ote3 ,lee 9 ,m>yl&4 #bb4 ,g5]al ,lee cross$ ! ,potomac1 & on ! #f? ( ,septemb] captur$ ,fr$]ick4 ,on ! #aj? ,hag]/[n 0 tak51 & on ! #ae? ,/onewall ,jackson seiz$ ,h>p]'s ,f]ry1 ) ne>ly twelve ?\s& prison]s4 ,on ! previ\s day1 !re 0 a h>d-f\ght engagem5t at ,s\? ,m\nta91 9 :i* ! ,f$]als 7 victori\s4 ,mc,clellan's army 0 n[ 9 ! re> ( ,lee1 :o fell back to ,antietam ,creek & took a /rong position ne> ,%>psburg4 ,!n foll[$ two days ( skirmi%+1 :i* t]m9at$ on ! #ag? 9 "o ( ! great battles ( ! w>4 ,f morn+ until night ! /ruggle cont9u$ ) unabat$ viol5ce1 & end$ 9 a drawn battle1 aft] a loss ( m ?an t5 ?\s& m5 on ea* side4 ,lee )drew 8 =ces f ! field & recross$ ! ,potomac4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr$]icksburg4 #bc4 ,g5]al ,mc,clellan mov$ =w>d to ,rectort[n1 ,virg9ia4 ,"h he 0 sup]s$$ by ,g5]al ,burnside1 :o *ang$ ! plan ( ! campaign1 & advanc$ aga9/ ,fr$]icksburg4 ,at ?is place ! two armies 7 aga9 br\ght face to face4 ,burnside's movem5t 0 delay$1 & x 0 n until ! #ab? ( ,decemb] t a passage c\ld be effect$4 ,mean:ile1 ! heights s\? ( ! riv] _h be5 =tifi$1 & ! ,union columns 7 hurl$ back 9 sev]al desp]ate assaults :i* co/ ! assailants m ?an twelve ?\s& m54 ,?us 9 disa/] to ! ,f$]al cause end$ ! campaigns ( #ahfb4 ,,*apt] ,,xlviii4 ,,! ,,ev5ts ,,( #ahfc4 ,! w> _h n[ gr[n to enorm\s proportions4 ,! ,conf$]ate ,/ates 7 dra9+ e res\rce ( m5 & means4 ,! sup]ior en]gies ( ! ,nor? 7 greatly tax$4 ,on ! day aft] ! battle ( ,malv]n ,hill1 ,presid5t ,l9coln issu$ a call = ?ree hundr$ ?\s& troops4 ,dur+ ,pope's retreat f ! ,rappahannock he s5t =? ano!r call = ?ree hundr$ ?\s&1 & to t 0 add$ a draft ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s& m4 ,mo/ ( ^! dem&s 7 promptly met1 & x became evid5t t 9 res\rces ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t 0 va/ly sup]ior to ! ,conf$]acy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,emancipation ,proclamation4 #b4 ,on ! #a/ day ( ,janu>y1 #ahfc1 ! ,presid5t issu$ ! ,,emancipation ,,proclamation4 ,! w> _h be5 begun ) no well-def9$ int5tion to free ! slaves ( ! ,s\?4 ,b dur+ ! progress ( ! w> ! s5tim5t ( abolition _h gr[n ) great rapidity2 & :5 at la/ x became a milit>y necessity to /rike a bl[ at ! labor-sy/em ( ! ,s\?1 ! /ep 0 tak5 ) b little opposition4 ,?us1 aft] an exi/5ce ( two hundr$ & =ty-f\r ye>s1 ,african slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 swept away4 #c4 ,e>ly 9 ,janu>y ,g5]al ,%]man dispat*$ an exp$ition to capture ,arkansas ,po/1 on ! ,arkansas ,riv]4 ,! ,union =ces rea*$ _! de/9ation on ! #aj? ( ! mon?1 f\ght a battle ) ! ,conf$]ates & ga9$ a victory4 ,on ! next day ! po/ 0 surr5d]$ ) ne>ly five ?\s& prison]s4 #d4 ,soon aft]w>ds ! ,union =ces 7 conc5trat$ = ! capture ( ,vicksburg4 ,?ree mon?s 7 sp5t by ,g5]al ,grant 9 beat+ ab\t ! bay\s ar\nd ,vicksburg1 9 ! hope ( gett+ a position 9 ! re> ( ! t[n4 ,a canal 0 cut across a b5d 9 ! riv] ) a view to op5+ a passage = ! gunboats4 ,b a flood wa%$ ! works away4 ,!n ano!r canal 0 begun1 only to be ab&on$4 ,f9ally1 x 0 det]m9$ to run ! fleet pa/ ! ,vicksburg batt]ies4 ,on ! night ( ! #af? ( ,april ! boats dropp$ d[n ! riv]4 ,all ( a sudd5 ! guns ( ! enemy bur/ =? ) %ot & %ell1 pelt+ ! pass+ /eam]s2 b !y w5t by ) little damage4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ations ab\t ,vicksburg4 #e4 ,g5]al ,grant n[ m>*$ 8 l&-=ces d[n ! ,mississippi & =m$ a junction ) ! squadron4 ,on ! #a/ day ( ,may he defeat$ ! ,conf$]ates at ,port ,gibson4 ,! evacuation ( ,gr& ,gulf foll[$ imm$iately4 ,! ,union army n[ swept ar\nd to ! re> ( ,vicksburg4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,may a ,conf$]ate =ce 0 defeat$ at ,raymond4 ,on ! #ad? ( ! mon? a decisive battle 0 f\ght ne> ,jackson2 ! ,conf$]ates 7 beat51 & ! city captur$4 ,g5]al ,pemb]ton1 sally+ =? ) 8 =ces f ,vicksburg1 0 defeat$ by ,grant on ! #af? at ,*ampion ,hills1 & aga9 on ! #ag? at ,black ,riv] ,bridge4 ,pemb]ton !n retir$ )9 ! def5ces ( ,vicksburg4 ,illu/ration3 ,vicksburg & ,vic9ity1 #ahfc4 #f4 ,! city 0 n[ besieg$4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,may ,grant made an assault1 b 0 repuls$ ) t]rible losses4 ,?ree days aft]w>ds ! attempt 0 r5ew$ ) a /ill great] de/ruction ( life4 ,b ! siege 0 press$ ) ev]-increas+ sev]ity4 ,admiral ,port] bomb>d$ ! t[n incessantly4 ,re9=cem5ts swell$ ! ,union ranks4 ,pemb]ton held out until ! #d? ( ,july1 & 0 !n driv5 to surr5d]4 ,! def5d]s ( ,vicksburg1 numb]+ ?irty ?\s&1 became prison]s ( w>4 ,?\s&s ( small arms1 hundr$s ( cannon1 & va/ quantities ( ammunition & /ores 7 ! fruits ( ! great victory4 #g4 ,mean:ile1 ,g5]al ,banks _h be5 conduct+ a campaign on ! ,l[] ,mississippi4 ,f ,baton ,r\ge he advanc$ into ,l\isiana1 & ga9$ a victory ov] ! ,conf$]ates at ,bay\ ,te*e4 ,he !n mov$ nor?w>d & besieg$ ,port ,hudson1 ! la/ =t held by ! ,conf$]ates on ! ,mississippi4 ,! g>rison made a brave def5ce2 & x 0 n until ! #h? ( ,july t ! comm&ant1 ) 8 =ce ( six ?\s& m51 0 oblig$ to capitulate4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ations ab\t ,*attanooga4 #h4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,june ,rosecrans succe$$ 9 cr[d+ ,g5]al ,bragg out ( ,t5nessee4 ,! ,union g5]al foll[$ & took po/ at ,*attanooga1 on ! left bank ( ! ,t5nessee4 ,dur+ ! summ] ,bragg 0 re9=c$ by ! corps ( ,john/on & ,long/reet4 #i4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,septemb] he turn$ ^u ! ,f$]als at ,*ickamauga ,creek1 9 ! nor?we/ angle ( ,georgia4 ,a h>d battle 0 f\ght1 b night came ) ! victory undecid$4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ ! fight 0 r5ew$4 ,bragg cut ?r\gh ! ,union battle l9e & drove ! "r w+ into a r\t4 ,g5]al ,?omas1 ) desp]ate firmness1 held ! left until nightfall1 & !n )drew into ,*attanooga4 ,! ,union loss am\nt$ to ne>ly n9ete5 ?\s&1 & t ( ! ,conf$]ates 0 ev5 great]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,%[+ ,,/ates ,,9 ,,secession dur+ ! ,,civil ,,w> #aj4 ,g5]al ,bragg press$ =w>d to besiege ,*attanooga4 ,b ,g5]al ,hook] arriv$ ) two corps f ! ,army ( ! ,potomac1 op5$ ! ,t5nessee ,riv]1 & br\ght relief4 ,at ! same "t ,g5]al ,grant assum$ ! direction ( affairs at ,*attanooga4 ,g5]al ,%]man arriv$ ) 8 division1 & (f5sive op]ations 7 at once r5ew$4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,novemb] ,look\t ,m\nta91 ov]look+ ! t[n & riv]1 0 /orm$ by ! division ( ,g5]al ,hook]4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ,mission>y ,ridge 0 also c>ri$1 & ,bragg's army fell back 9 full retreat t[>d ,r+gold4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,truce 9 ! ,tr5*es4 #aa4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,septemb] ,g5]al ,burnside arriv$ ) 8 comm& at ,knoxville4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,*ickamauga ,g5]al ,long/reet 0 s5t into ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 :]e he arriv$ & began ! siege ( ,knoxville4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,novemb] ! ,conf$]ates attempt$ to c>ry ! t[n by /orm1 b 7 repuls$ ) heavy losses4 ,g5]al ,%]man soon m>*$ to ! relief ( ,burnside2 & ,long/reet retreat$ into ,virg9ia4 ,sid5ote3 ,ev5ts ,we/ ( ! ,mississippi4 #ab4 ,e>ly 9 #ahfc ! ,conf$]ates resum$ activity 9 ,arkansas & s\!rn ,miss\ri4 ,on ! #h? ( ,janu>y !y attack$ ,spr+field1 b 7 repuls$4 ,sev]al o!r attempts 7 made ) simil> results4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,augu/ ,lawr5ce1 ,kansas1 0 sack$1 & a hundr$ & =ty p]sons kill$1 by a b& ( desp]ate fell[s1 l$ by a *iefta9 call$ ,quantrell4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,septemb] ! ,f$]al g5]al ,/eele captur$ ,little ,rock1 ,arkansas4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,morgan's ,raid4 #ac4 ,9 ! summ] ( ?is ye> ,g5]al ,john ,morgan made a great raid ?r\gh ,k5tucky1 ,indiana1 & ,ohio4 ,he cross$ ! ,ohio at ,br&5burg1 & began 8 m>* to ! nor?4 ,at ,corydon & o!r po9ts he 0 resi/$ by ! home gu>ds & pursu$ by ,g5]al ,hobson4 ,morgan cross$ into ,ohio1 made a circuit nor? ( ,c9c9nati1 & attempt$ to recross ! riv]4 ,b ! raid]s 7 driv5 back4 ,! ,conf$]ate lead] press$ on until he came ne> ,new ,lisbon1 :]e he 0 captur$ by ! brigade ( ,g5]al ,%ackel=d4 ,aft] a f\r mon?s' imprisonm5t ,morgan escap$ & made 8 way to ,ri*mond4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ations ,along ! ,coa/4 #ad4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y ,g5]al ,magrud] captur$ ,galve/on1 ,texas4 ,by ?is means ! ,conf$]ates secur$ a port ( entry 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,on ! #g? ( ,april ,admiral ,du ,pont1 ) a fleet ( iron-clads1 attempt$ to capture ,*>le/on1 b 0 driv5 back4 ,9 ,june ! city 0 besieg$ by a /rong l&-=ce1 "u ,g5]al ,q4 ,a4 ,gillmore1 assi/$ by ,admiral ,dahlgr5's fleet4 ,aft] ! bomb>dm5t _h cont9u$ = "s "t1 ,g5]al ,gillmore1 on ! #ah? ( ,july1 attempt$ to c>ry ,=t ,wagn] by assault1 b 0 repuls$ ) sev]e loss4 ,! siege progress$ until ! #f? ( ,septemb]1 :5 ! ,conf$]ates evacuat$ ! =t & retir$ to ,*>le/on4 ,gillmore n[ br\ght 8 guns to be> on ! :>ves & build+s 9 ! l[] "p ( ! city4 ,b ,*>le/on /ill held out2 & ! only ga9 ( ! ,f$]als 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( a complete blockade4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,*ancellorsville4 #ae4 ,aft] 8 repulse at ,fr$]icksburg1 ,g5]al ,burnside 0 sup]s$$ by ,g5]al ,joseph ,hook]1 :o1 9 ! latt] "p ( ,april1 cross$ ! ,rappahannock & rea*$ ,*ancellorsville4 ,"h1 on ! morn+ ( ! #b;d ( ,may1 he 0 attack$ by ! ,army ( ,nor!rn ,virg9ia1 l$ by ,lee & ,jackson4 ,! latt] g5]al1 at ! head ( tw5ty-five ?\s& m51 outflank$ ! ,union army1 bur/ ^u ! "r w+1 & swept ev]y?+ to de/ruction4 ,b x 0 ! la/ ( ,/onewall ,jackson's battles4 ,z night came on ! ,conf$]ate lead] receiv$ a volley f 8 own l9es1 & fell to rise no m4 ,illu/ration3 ,/onewall ,jackson4 #af4 ,on ! #c;d ! battle 0 r5ew$4 ,g5]al ,s$gwick 0 defeat$ & driv5 across ! ,rappahannock4 ,! ma9 army 0 cr[d$ betwe5 ,*ancellorsville & ! riv]1 :]e x rema9$ until ! #e?1 :5 ,g5]al ,hook] succe$$ 9 )draw+ 8 =ces to ! nor!rn bank4 ,! ,union losses am\nt$ 9 kill$1 w\nd$1 & prison]s to ab\t sev5te5 ?\s&2 t ( ! ,conf$]ates 0 less by five ?\s&4 #ag4 ,next foll[$ ! cavalry raid ( ,g5]al ,/oneman4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,april he cross$ ! ,rappahannock ) t5 ?\s& m51 tore up ! ,virg9ia ,c5tral ,railroad1 cut ,g5]al ,lee's communications1 swept ar\nd )9 a few miles ( ,ri*mond1 & !n recross$ ! ,rappahannock 9 safety4 ,sid5ote3 ,lee ,invades ,p5nsylvania4 #ah4 ,g5]al ,lee n[ det]m9$ to c>ry ! w> into ! ,nor?4 ,9 ! fir/ week ( ,june he cross$ ! ,potomac1 & captur$ ,hag]/[n4 ,on ! #bb;d he ent]$ ,*amb]sburg1 & !n press$ on ?r\gh ,c>lisle to )9 a few miles ( ,h>risburg4 ,! militia ( ,p5nsylvania 0 call$ out1 & volunte]s came p\r+ 9 f o!r ,/ates4 ,g5]al ,hook] pu%$ =w>d to /rike 8 antagoni/4 ,g5]al ,lee rapidly conc5trat$ 8 =ces ne> ,gettysburg1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,on ! eve ( battle ! comm& ( ! ,union army 0 transf]r$ to ,g5]al ,george ,g4 ,meade1 :o took up a position on ! hills ar\nd ,gettysburg4 ,"h ! two armies1 ea* numb]+ ab\t eighty ?\s& m51 7 br\ght face to face4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,gettysburg4 #ai4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,july ! /ruggle began1 & = ?ree days ! conflict rag$4 ,! battle rea*$ its climax on ! #c;d1 :5 a ,conf$]ate column1 ?ree miles long1 head$ by ! ,virg9ians "u ,g5]al ,pickett1 made a f9al *>ge on ! ,union c5t]4 ,b ! onset 0 9 va91 & ! m5 :o made x 7 m[$ d[n ) t]rible slaught]4 ,! victory rema9$ ) ! ,national army1 & ,lee 0 oblig$ to turn back to ! ,potomac4 ,! entire ,conf$]ate loss 0 ne>ly ?irty ?\s&2 t ( ! ,f$]als tw5ty-?ree ?\s& "o hundr$ & eighty-six4 ,g5]al ,lee )drew 8 =ces into ,virg9ia1 & ! ,union army resum$ its position on ! ,potomac4 ,sid5ote3 ,conscription 9 ! ,nor?4 #bj4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,l9coln 0 beset ) _m difficulties4 ,! la/ calls = volunte]s _h n be5 fully met4 ,! anti-w> p>ty ( ! ,nor? d5\nc$ ! measures ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,on ! #c;d ( ,m>* ! ,,conscription ,,act 0 pass$ by ,congress1 & ! ,presid5t ord]$ a draft ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s& m54 ,! measure 0 bitt]ly oppos$1 & 9 _m places ! draft-(fic]s 7 resi/$4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,july1 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 a mob rose 9 arms1 demoli%$ build+s1 burn$ ! color$ orphan asylum1 & kill$ ab\t a hundr$ p4 ,= ?ree days ! au?orities 7 set at defiance2 b a =ce ( regul>s & volunte]s ga!r$ at ! sc5e1 & ! riot 0 suppress$4 #ba4 ,only ab\t fifty ?\s& m5 7 obta9$ by ! draft4 ,b volunte]+ 0 quick5$ by ! measure1 & ! employm5t ( sub/itutes soon fill$ ! ranks4 ,9 ,octob] ! ,presid5t issu$ ano!r call = ?ree hundr$ ?\s& m54 ,by ^! measures ! columns ( ! ,union army 7 made m p[]ful ?an ev]4 ,9 ! armies ( ! ,s\?1 on ! o!r h&1 !re 7 already symptoms ( exhau/ion4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,june 9 ?is ye> ,we/ ,virg9ia 0 sep>at$ f ! ,old ,dom9ion & admitt$ z ! ?irty-fif? ,/ate ( ! ,union4 ,,*apt] ,,xlix4 ,,! ,,clos+ ,,conflicts4--,,ev5ts ,,( #ahfd ,,& #ahfe4 ,e>ly 9 ,febru>y1 #ahfd1 ,g5]al ,%]man mov$ f ,vicksburg to ,m]idian4 ,9 ?is vic9ity ! railroad tracks 7 torn up = a hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,at ,m]idian ,g5]al ,%]man expect$ a =ce ( ,f$]al cavalry1 :i* _h be5 s5t out f ,memphis "u ,g5]al ,smi?4 ,! latt] advanc$ into ,mississippi1 b 0 met by ! cavalry ( ,=re/1 & driv5 back to ,memphis4 ,g5]al ,%]man !reupon retrac$ 8 c\rse to ,vicksburg4 ,=re/ cont9u$ 8 raid nor?w>d to ,paducah1 ,k5tucky1 & made an assault on ,=t ,&]son1 b 0 repuls$ ) a sev]e loss4 ,turn+ back into ,t5nessee1 he came ^u ,=t ,pill[1 on ! ,mississippi1 & c>ri$ ! place by /orm4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,r$ ,riv] ,exp$ition4 #b4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahfd1 ! ,,r$ ,,riv] ,,exp$ition 0 und]tak5 by ,g5]al ,banks4 ,! object 0 to capture ,%reveport1 ! seat ( ! ,conf$]ate gov]nm5t ( ,l\isiana4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,m>* ! ,f$]al advance captur$ ,=t de ,russy1 on ,r$ ,riv]4 ,! ,conf$]ates retreat$ to ,alex&ria1 :i* 0 tak5 on ! #af? by ! ,f$]als4 #c4 ,at ,mansfield1 on ! #h? ( ,april1 ! advanc+ ,f$]als 7 attack$ by ! ,conf$]ates1 & completely r\t$4 ,at ,pleasant ,hill1 on ! next day1 ! ma9 body ( ! ,union army 0 badly defeat$4 ,! flotilla n[ desc5d$ ! riv] f ! direction ( ,%reveport4 ,! :ole exp$ition return$ z rapidly z possible to ! ,mississippi4 ,g5]al ,/eele _h1 9 ! mean "t1 advanc$ f ,little ,rock to aid 9 ! r$uction ( ,%reveport2 b le>n+ ( ! ,f$]al defeats1 he )drew aft] sev]al sev]e engagem5ts4 #d4 ,on ! #b;d ( ,m>*1 #ahfd1 ,g5]al ,grant 0 appo9t$ g5]al-9-*ief ( all ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sev5 hundr$ ?\s& soldi]s 7 n[ to move at 8 comm&4 ,two great campaigns 7 plann$ = ! ye>4 ,! army ( ! ,potomac1 "u ,meade & ! g5]al-9-*ief1 0 to advance ^u ,ri*mond4 ,g5]al ,%]man1 ) "o hundr$ ?\s& m51 0 to m>* f ,*attanooga aga9/ ,atlanta4 ,sid5ote3 ,%]man's ,advance on ,atlanta4 #e4 ,on ! #g? ( ,may ,g5]al ,%]man mov$ =w>d4 ,at ,dalton he succe$$ 9 turn+ ,g5]al ,john/on's flank1 & oblig$ him to fall back to ,resaca4 ,aft] two h>d battles1 on ! #ad? & #ae? ( ,may1 ?is place 0 c>ri$1 & ! ,conf$]ates retreat$ to ,dallas4 ,"h1 on ! #bh?1 ,john/on made a second /&1 b 0 aga9 outflank$1 & compell$ to fall back to ,lo/ ,m\nta94 ,he 0 =c$ f ?is position on ! #ag? ( ,june4 ,! next /& 0 made on ,great & ,little ,k5esaw ,m\nta9s4 ,f ?is l9e on ! #bb;d ( ,june ! division ( ,g5]al ,hood made a fi]ce attack1 b 0 repuls$ ) heavy losses4 ,five days aft]w>d1 ,g5]al ,%]man attempt$ to c>ry ,great ,k5esaw by /orm2 b ! assault end$ 9 a dreadful repulse4 ,%]man resum$ 8 =m] tactics1 & by ! #aj? ( ,july ! :ole ,conf$]ate army _h retir$ to ,atlanta4 ,illu/ration3 ,william ,t4 ,%]man4 #f4 ,?is /ronghold 0 at once besieg$4 ,"h 7 ! ma*9e %ops1 f\ndries1 & c> works ( ! ,conf$]acy4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! siege ! cauti\s ,g5]al ,john/on 0 sup]s$$ by ! ra% ,g5]al ,j4 ,b4 ,hood4 ,on ! #bj?1 #bb;d & #bh? ( ,july1 ! latt] made ?ree assaults on ! ,union l9es1 b 0 repuls$ ) dreadful losses4 ,at la/ ,hood 0 oblig$ to evacuate ,atlanta2 & on ! #b;d ( ,septemb] ! ,union army m>*$ into ! captur$ city4 ,illu/ration3 ,%]man's ,campaign1 #ahfd4 ,sid5ote3 ,hood's ,na%ville ,campaign4 #g4 ,g5]al ,hood n[ m>*$ nor?w>d ?r\gh ,nor!rn ,alabama1 & advanc$ on ,na%ville4 ,mean:ile1 ,g5]al ,?omas1 ) ! ,army ( ! ,cumb]l&1 _h be5 deta*$ f ,%]man's army & s5t nor?w>d to confront ,hood4 ,g5]al ,s*(ield1 :o comm&$ ! ,f$]al =ces 9 ,t5nessee1 fell back be=e ! ,conf$]ates1 & took po/ at ,frankl94 ,"h1 on ! #cj? ( ,novemb]1 he 0 attack$ by ,hood's legions1 & held !m 9 *eck until nightfall1 :5 he retreat$ )9 ,?omas's def5ses at ,na%ville4 ,hood foll[$1 b on ! #ae? ( ,decemb] ,g5]al ,?omas fell ^u ! ,conf$]ate army1 &1 r\t+ x ) a loss ( tw5ty-five ?\s& m51 drove x back into ,alabama4 ,sid5ote3 ,%]man's ,great ,m>*4 #h4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,novemb] ,g5]al ,%]man burn$ ,atlanta & began 8 ,,m>* ,,to ,,! ,,sea4 ,8 army numb]$ sixty ?\s& m54 ,he cut 8 communications ) ! ,nor?1 ab&on$ 8 base ( supplies1 & /ruck out = ! sea-coa/1 two hundr$ & fifty miles away4 ,! ,union army pass$ ?r\gh ,macon & ,mill$geville1 cross$ ! ,ogee*ee1 captur$ ,gibson & ,waynesbor\gh1 & on ! #aj? ( ,decemb] arriv$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,savannah4 ,on ! #ac?1 ,=t ,mc,allister 0 c>ri$ by /orm4 ,on ! night ( ! #bj?1 ,g5]al ,h>dee1 ! ,conf$]ate comm&ant1 escap$ f ,savannah & retreat$ to ,*>le/on4 ,on ! #bb;d1 ,g5]al ,%]man made 8 headqu>t]s 9 ! city4 ,illu/ration3 ,joseph ,e4 ,john/on4 #i4 ,janu>y1 #ahfe1 0 sp5t by ! ,union army at ,savannah4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,febru>y1 ,g5]al ,%]man began 8 m>* aga9/ ,columbia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! ,conf$]ates _h n suffici5t =ce to /ay 8 progress4 ,on ! #ag? ( ! mon?1 ,columbia 0 surr5d]$4 ,on ! same night1 ,h>dee1 hav+ de/roy$ ! public prop]ty ( ,*>le/on1 & k9dl$ fires :i* laid f\r squ>es 9 a%es1 evacuat$ ! city2 & on ! foll[+ morn+ ! national =ces ent]$4 ,f ,columbia ,g5]al ,%]man m>*$ into ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & on ! #aa? ( ,m>* captur$ ! t[n ( ,fayetteville4 ,sid5ote3 ,surr5d] ( ,g54 ,john/on4 #aj4 ,g5]al ,john/on 0 n[ recall$ to ! comm& ( ! ,conf$]ate =ces1 & ! advance ( ! ,union army began to be s]i\sly oppos$4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,m>*1 ,g5]al ,%]man 0 attack$ by ,john/on ne> ,b5tonville2 b ,john/on 0 defeat$1 & on ! #ba/ ,%]man ent]$ ,goldsbor\gh4 ,"h he 0 re9=c$ by ,g5]als ,s*(ield & ,t]ry4 ,! ,f$]al army turn$ to ! nor?we/1 & on ! #ac? ( ,april ent]$ ,raleigh4 ,?is 0 ! end ( ! great m>*2 & "h1 on ! #bf? ( ! mon?1 ,g5]al ,%]man receiv$ ! surr5d] ( ,john/on's army4 ,sid5ote3 ,f>ragut at ,mobile4 #aa4 ,mean:ile1 important ev5ts _h occurr$ on ! ,gulf4 ,e>ly 9 ,augu/1 #ahfd1 ,admiral ,f>ragut bore d[n on ! def5ses ( ,mobile4 ,! h>bor 0 def5d$ by a ,conf$]ate fleet & ! mon/] iron-clad ,t5nessee4 ,on ! #e? ( ,augu/1 ,f>ragut ran pa/ ,=ts ,morgan & ,ga9es into ! h>bor4 ,9 ord] to direct ! movem5ts ( 8 vessels1 ! old admiral m\nt$ to ! ma9top ( ! ,h>t=d1 la%$ himself to ! rigg+1 & f t high p]* gave 8 comm&s dur+ ! battle4 ,"o ( ! ,union %ips /ruck a torp$o & sank4 ,! re/ attack$ & disp]s$ ! ,conf$]ate squadron2 b j z ! day seem$ won1 ! ,t5nessee came d[n at full spe$ to /rike ! ,h>t=d4 ,!n foll[$ "o ( ! fi]ce/ conflicts ( ! w>4 ,! ,union iron-clads clos$ ar\nd _! antagoni/ & batt]$ h] ) fifte5-in* bolts ( iron until %e surr5d]$4 ,sid5ote3 ,=t ,fi%]4 #ab4 ,next came ! capture ( ,=t ,fi%]1 at ! entrance to ,cape ,fe> ,riv]4 ,9 ,decemb]1 ,admiral ,port] 0 s5t ) a p[]ful ,am]ican squadron to besiege & take ! =t4 ,g5]al ,butl]1 ) six ?\s& five hundr$ m51 accompani$ ! exp$ition4 ,on ! #bd? ( ! mon?1 ! troops 7 s5t a%ore ) ord]s to /orm ! works4 ,:5 ! g5]als 9 comm& came ne> en\gh to reconnoit]1 !y decid$ t an assault c\ld only end 9 disa/]1 & ! ent]prise 0 ab&on$4 ,admiral ,port] rema9$ be=e ,=t ,fi%] ) 8 fleet1 & ,g5]al ,butl] return$ to ,=tress ,monroe4 ,e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 ! siege 0 r5ew$1 & on ! #ae? ( ! mon? ,=t ,fi%] 0 tak5 by /orm4 #ac4 ,9 ! previ\s ,octob]1 ,lieut5ant ,cu%+1 ) a numb] ( volunte]s1 emb>k$ 9 a small /eam] & ent]$ ! ,roanoke4 ,a trem5d\s iron ram1 call$ ! ,albem>le1 0 discov]$ ly+ at ! h>bor ( ,plym\?4 ,cauti\sly approa*+1 ! lieut5ant sank a torp$o "u ! ,conf$]ate %ip1 explod$ x1 & left ! ram a ru94 ,! adv5ture co/ ! lives or capture ( all ( ,cu%+'s p>ty except himself & "o o!r1 :o made good _! escape4 ,sid5ote3 ,conf$]ate ,cruis]s4 #ad4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! w> ! comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 greatly injur$ by ! ,conf$]ate cruis]s4 ,! fir/ %ip s5t out 0 ! ,savannah1 :i* 0 captur$ on ! same day t %e escap$ f ,*>le/on4 ,9 ,june ( #ahfa1 ! ,sumt]1 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,semmes1 ran ! blockade at ,new ,orleans1 & did fe>ful "w ) ! ,union m]*antm54 ,b 9 ,febru>y ( #ahfb1 ,semmes 0 *as$ into ! h>bor ( ,gibralt>1 :]e he 0 oblig$ to sell 8 vessel4 ,! ,na%ville ran out f ,*>le/on1 & return$ ) a c>go wor? ?ree millions ( doll>s4 ,9 ,m>* ( #ahfc %e 0 sunk by a ,union iron-clad 9 ! ,savannah ,riv]4 #ae4 ,! ports ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 7 n[ closely blockad$4 ,9 ?is em]g5cy ! ,conf$]ates turn$ to ! %ip-y>ds ( ,great ,brita91 & began to build cruis]s4 ,9 ! h>bor ( ,liv]pool ! ,florida 0 fitt$ out2 & go+ to sea 9 ! summ] ( #ahfb1 %e succe$$ 9 runn+ into ,mobile ,bay4 ,%e aft]w>d de/roy$ fifte5 m]*antm51 & 0 !n captur$ & sunk 9 ,hampton ,roads4 ,! ,georgia1 ! ,olu/ee1 ! ,%5&oah & ! ,*ickamauga1 all built at ! %ip-y>ds ( ,glasg[1 ,scotl&1 escap$ to sea & made great havoc ) ! m]*ant-%ips ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,alabama4 #af4 ,mo/ de/ructive ( all 0 ! ,alabama1 built at ,liv]pool4 ,h] comm&] 0 ,capta9 ,raphael ,semmes4 ,a majority ( ! crew 7 ,briti% subjects2 & h] armam5t 0 entirely ,briti%4 ,9 h] :ole c>e]1 involv+ ! de/ruction ( sixty-six vessels & a loss ( t5 million doll>s1 %e nev] ent]$ a ,conf$]ate port4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahfd ,semmes 0 ov]tak5 9 ! h>bor ( ,*]b\rg1 ,france1 by ! /eam] ,ke>s>ge4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,june1 ,semmes w5t out to give 8 antagoni/ battle4 ,aft] a desp]ate fight ( an h\r's duration1 ! ,alabama 0 sunk4 ,semmes 0 pick$ up by ! ,engli% ,de]h\nd & c>ri$ to ,s\?ampton4 ,sid5ote3 ,grant's ,advance on ,ri*mond4 #ag4 ,on ! night ( ! #c;d ( ,may1 #ahfd1 ! national camp at ,culpepp] 0 brok5 up1 & ! m>* on ,ri*mond 0 begun4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! advance1 ,grant cross$ ! ,rapidan & ent]$ ! ,wild]ness1 a c\ntry ( oak woods & ?ickets4 ,he 0 imm$iately attack$ by ! ,conf$]ate army4 ,dur+ ! #e?1 #f?1 & #g? ( ! mon?1 ! fight+ cont9u$ incessantly ) t]rible losses2 b ! results 7 indecisive4 ,grant next made a flank movem5t 9 ! direction ( ,spottsylvania ,c\r?\se4 ,"h foll[$1 f ! #i? until ! #ab?1 "o ( ! bloodie/ /ruggles ( ! w>4 ,! ,f$]als ga9$ "s gr\nd & captur$ ! division ( ,g5]al ,/ew>t2 b ! losses ( ,lee 7 less ?an ^? ( 8 antagoni/4 #ah4 ,grant aga9 mov$ to ! left1 & came to ,cold ,h>bor1 twelve miles nor!a/ ( ,ri*mond4 ,"h1 on ! #a/ ( ,june1 he attack$ ! ,conf$]ates1 b 0 repuls$ ) heavy losses4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #c;d ! assault 0 r5ew$1 & 9 half an h\r ne>ly t5 ?\s& ,union soldi]s fell dead or w\nd$ be=e ! ,conf$]ate intr5*m5ts4 ,! repulse ( ! ,f$]als 0 complete1 b !y held _! l9es z firmly z ev]4 #ai4 ,g5]al ,grant n[ *ang$ 8 base to ,james ,riv]4 ,g5]al ,butl] _h already tak5 ,city ,po9t & ,b]muda ,hundr$4 ,"h1 on ! #ae? ( ,june1 he 0 jo9$ by ,g5]al ,grant's :ole army1 & ! comb9$ =ces mov$ =w>d & began ! siege ( ,pet]sburg4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ations 9 ! ,valley4 #bj4 ,mean:ile important movem5ts 7 tak+ place on ! ,%5&oah4 ,:5 ,grant mov$ f ! ,rapidan1 ,g5]al ,sigel m>*$ up ! valley to ,new ,m>ket1 :]e he 0 met & defeat$ by ! ,conf$]ate cavalry1 "u ,g5]al ,breck9ridge4 ,! latt] !n return$ to ,ri*mond1 :]eupon ! ,f$]als fac$ ab\t1 ov]took ! ,conf$]ates at ,pi$mont1 & ga9$ a signal victory4 ,f ?is place ,g5]als ,hunt] & ,av]ill advanc$ aga9/ ,lyn*burg4 ,by ?is movem5t ! valley ( ! ,%5&oah 0 aga9 expos$ to invasion4 ,illu/ration3 ,philip ,h4 ,%]idan4 #ba4 ,lee imm$iately dispat*$ ,g5]al ,e>ly to cross ! ,blue ,ridge1 invade ,m>yl& & ?reat5 ,wa%+ton ,city4 ,) tw5ty ?\s& m5 ,e>ly began 8 m>*1 & on ! #e? ( ,july cross$ ! ,potomac4 ,on ! #i? he defeat$ ! division ( ,g5]al ,wallace on ! ,monocacy4 ,b ! battle sav$ ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore f capture4 #bb4 ,g5]al ,wright foll[$ ,e>ly z f> z ,w9*e/]4 ,b ! latt] :eel$ ^u him1 & ! ,union troops 7 driv5 across ! ,potomac4 ,e>ly next invad$ ,p5nsylvania & burn$ ,*amb]sburg4 ,g5]al ,grant n[ appo9t$ ,g5]al ,philip ,h4 ,%]idan to comm& ! army on ! ,upp] ,potomac4 ,! troops plac$ at 8 disposal numb]$ ne>ly =ty ?\s&4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,septemb]1 ,%]idan m>*$ ^u ,e>ly at ,w9*e/]1 & r\t$ him 9 a h>d-f\ght battle4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,septemb] he ga9$ ano!r complete victory at ,fi%]'s ,hill4 ,sid5ote3 ,%]idan's ,ride f ,w9*e/]4 #bc4 ,%]idan next turn$ ab\t to ravage ! valley4 ,! ru9\s "w 0 fe>fully well done4 ,no?+ wor? fight+ = 0 left betwe5 ! ,blue ,ridge & ! ,alleghanies4 ,madd5$ by 8 defeats1 ,e>ly ralli$ 8 =ces1 & aga9 ent]$ ! valley4 ,%]idan _h po/$ 8 army on ,c$> ,creek1 &1 feel+ secure1 _h gone to ,wa%+ton4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,octob]1 ,e>ly surpris$ ! ,union camp1 captur$ ! artill]y1 & s5t ! r\t$ troops fly+ 9 confusion t[>d ,w9*e/]4 ,! ,conf$]ates pursu$ z f> z ,middlet[n1 & !re paus$ to eat & re/4 ,on ! previ\s night1 ,%]idan _h return$ to ,w9*e/]1 & 0 n[ com+ to rejo9 8 army4 ,he rode twelve miles at full spe$1 ralli$ ! fugitives1 & ga9$ "o ( ! mo/ signal victories ( ! w>4 ,e>ly's army 0 completely ru9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,op]ations 9 ,virg9ia1 #ahfd & #ahfe4 #bd4 ,all fall & w9t] ,g5]al ,grant press$ ! siege ( ,pet]sburg4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,july a m9e 0 explod$ "u "o ( ! =ts2 b ! assault+ column 0 repuls$ ) heavy losses4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,augu/ a division ( ! ,union army seiz$ ! ,weldon ,railroad & held x aga9/ sev]al assaults4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,septemb]1 ,batt]y ,h>rison 0 /orm$ by ! ,f$]als1 & on ! next day ,g5]al ,pa9e's brigade c>ri$ ! r$\bt on ,spr+ ,hill4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,octob]1 !re 0 a battle on ! ,boydton road2 & !n ! army w5t into w9t] qu>t]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fall ( ,ri*mond4 #be4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,febru>y1 ,%]idan ga9$ a victory ov] ,e>ly at ,waynesboro1 & !n jo9$ ! g5]al-9-*ief4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,april1 a sev]e battle 0 f\ght at ,five ,=ks1 9 :i* ! ,conf$]ates 7 defeat$ ) a loss ( six ?\s& prison]s4 ,on ! next day ,grant ord]$ a g5]al assault on ! l9es ( ,pet]sburg1 & ! works 7 c>ri$4 ,on t night ,lee's army & ! ,conf$]ate gov]nm5t fl$ f ,ri*mond2 & on ! foll[+ morn+ ! ,f$]al troops ent]$ ! city4 ,! w>eh\ses 7 fir$ by ! retreat+ ,conf$]ates1 & ! bett] "p ( ! city 0 r$uc$ to ru9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,lee's ,surr5d]4 #bf4 ,g5]al ,lee retreat$ z rapidly z possible to ! s\?we/4 ,once ! ,conf$]ates turn$ & f\ght1 b 7 defeat$ ) great losses4 ,= five days ! pursuit 0 kept up2 & !n ,lee 0 br\ght to bay at ,appomattox ,c\r?\se4 ,!re1 on ! #i? ( ,april1 #ahfe1 ! "w 0 done4 ,g5]al ,lee surr5d]$ ! ,army ( ,nor!rn ,virg9ia1 & ! ,conf$]acy 0 hopelessly ov]?r[n4 ,g5]al ,grant signaliz$ ! end ( ! /rife by grant+ to 8 antagoni/ ! mo/ lib]al t]ms4 ,h[ ! army ( ,g5]al ,john/on 0 surr5d]$ a few days lat] has already be5 n>rat$4 ,aft] f\r dreadful ye>s ( blood%$ & sorr[1 ,,! ,,civil ,,w> ,,0 ,,at ,,an ,,end4 ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son ,davis ,captur$4 #bg4 ,! ,f$]al au?ority 0 rapidly ext5d$ ov] ! ,s\?4 ,mr4 ,davis & 8 cab9et escap$ to ,danville1 & !re = a few days kept up ! =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,f t place !y fl$ into ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,! ex-,presid5t cont9u$ 8 flight into ,georgia1 & encamp$ ne> ,irw9sville1 :]e1 on ! #aj? ( ,may1 he 0 captur$ by ,g5]al ,wilson's cavalry4 ,he 0 convey$ to ,=tress ,monroe1 & kept 9 conf9em5t until ,may ( #ahfg1 :5 he 0 tak5 to ,ri*mond to be tri$ = treason4 ,he 0 admitt$ to bail2 & 8 case 0 f9ally dismiss$4 ,sid5ote3 ,nevada ,admitt$4 #bh4 ,at ! presid5tial election ( #ahfd1 ,mr4 ,l9coln 0 *os5 = a second t]m4 ,z ,vice-presid5t1 ,&rew ,johnson ( ,t5nessee 0 elect$4 ,9 ! prec$+ summ]1 ! p ( ,nevada fram$ a con/itution1 & on ! #ca/ ( ,octob] ! new commonweal? 0 proclaim$ z ! ?irty-six? ,/ate4 ,! gold & silv] m9es ( ,nevada soon surpass$ ^? ( ,cali=nia 9 _! yield ( preci\s metals4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,f9ances ( ! ,w>4 #bi4 ,at ! outbreak ( ! civil w> ! f9ancial cr$it ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates sank to a v l[ ebb4 ,mr4 ,*ase1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 fir/ s\ght relief by issu+ ,,treasury ,,notes1 receivable z money4 ,by ! beg9n+ ( #ahfb1 ! exp5ses ( ! gov]nm5t _h ris5 to m ?an a million ( doll>s daily4 ,to meet ^! trem5d\s dem&s on ! gov]nm5t1 ,congress next provid$ ,,int]nal ,,rev5ue4 ,?is 0 made up f two g5]al s\rces3 fir/1 a tax on manufactures1 incomes & sal>ies2 second1 a /amp-duty on all legal docum5ts4 ,! next measure 0 ! issuance ( ,,legal ,,t5d] ,,notes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to be us$ z money4 ,^! are ! notes call$ ,gre5backs4 ,! ?ird great measure adopt$ by ! gov]nm5t 0 ! sale ( ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,bonds4 ,! int]e/ ^u !m 0 fix$ at six p] c5t41 payable semi-annually 9 gold4 ,9 ! next place1 ,congress pass$ an act provid+ = ! e/abli%m5t ( ,,national ,,banks4 ,national bonds1 in/ead ( gold & silv]1 7 us$ z a basis ( ! circulation ( ^! banks2 & ! r$emption ( _! bills 0 gu>ante$ by ! treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,at ! end ( ! conflict1 ! national debt _h rea*$ ne>ly ?ree ?\s& millions ( doll>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,pres4 ,l9coln's ,assass9ation4 #cj4 ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #ahfe1 ,presid5t ,l9coln 0 inaugurat$ = 8 second t]m4 ,?ree days aft] ! evacuation ( ,ri*mond by ,lee's army1 ! ,presid5t made a visit to t city4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #ad? ( ,april1 he1 ) 8 wife & a p>ty ( fri5ds1 att5d$ ,=d's ,!at] 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,z ! play drew ne> its close1 an actor1 nam$ ,john ,wilkes ,boo?1 /ole into ! ,presid5t's box & %ot him ?r\gh ! bra94 ,mr4 ,l9coln l+]$ 9 an unconsci\s /ate until morn+1 & di$4 ,x 0 ! greate/ trag$y ( mod]n times4 ,! assass91 aft] ! murd]1 escap$ into ! d>kness4 ,sid5ote3 ,secret>y ,sew>d ,/abb$4 #ca4 ,at ! same h\r ano!r murd]]1 nam$ ,lewis ,payne ,p[ell1 bur/ into ! b$-*amb] ( ,secret>y ,sew>d1 sprang ^u ! c\* ( ! sick man1 & /abb$ him nigh unto dea?4 ,! city 0 wild ) al>m4 ,troops ( cavalry dep>t$ 9 all directions to hunt d[n ! assass9s4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,april1 ,boo? 0 f\nd conceal$ 9 a b>n s\? ( ,fr$]icksburg4 ,refus+ to surr5d]1 he 0 %ot by ,s]geant ,bo/on ,corbett4 ,p[ell 0 caught & hang$4 ,david ,e4 ,h]rold & ,geo4 ,a4 ,atz]ott1 toge!r ) ,mrs4 ,m>y ,e4 ,surratt1 at ^: h\se ! plot 0 =m$1 7 also condemn$ & execut$4 ,mi*ael ,o',laughl91 ,dr4 ,samuel ,a4 ,mudd1 & ,samuel ,arnold 7 s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t = life1 & ,edw>d ,spangl] = six ye>s4 #cb4 ,s end$ 9 d>kness1 b n 9 %ame1 ! c>e] ( ,abraham ,l9coln--"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable m5 ( any age or c\ntry4 ,he 0 prud5t1 f>-sight$1 & resolute2 ?\ghtful1 calm1 & j2 pati5t1 t5d]-he>t$1 & great4 ,! mann] ( 8 dea? consecrat$ 8 memory4 ,f city to city1 9 "o va/ fun]al procession1 ! m\rn+ p foll[$ 8 rema9s to _! la/ re/+-place at ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois4 ,,review ,,que/ions4--,,"p ,,vi4 ,,*apt] ,,xliv4 #a4 ,describe ! situation ( affairs at ! op5+ ( ,l9coln's ,adm9i/ration4 ,,*apt] ,,xlv4 #b4 ,give ! causes1 g5]al & special1 ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,,*apt] ,,xlvi4 #c4 ,outl9e ! campaigns ( #ahfa4 #d4 ,tell ( ! organization ( ! ,conf$]ate ,gov]nm5t4 #e4 ,/ate ! difficulty t n[ arose ) ,great ,brita94 ,,*apt] ,,xlvii4 #f4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! campaigns along ! ,cumb]l&1 ! ,t5nessee1 & ! ,mississippi ,riv]s4 #g4 ,outl9e ! movem5ts ( ! ye> #ahfb 9 & ab\t ,virg9ia4 #h4 ,:at 7 ! g5]al conditions & prospects ( ! armies at ! close ( #ahfb8 ,,*apt] ,,xlviii4 #i4 ,tell ab\t ! ,emancipation ,proclamation4 #aj4 ,describe ! capture ( ,vicksburg4 #aa4 ,sket* ! subsequ5t movem5ts ( #ahfc4 #ab4 ,tell ( ! ,conscription ,act1 & ! results f x4 ,,*apt] ,,xlix4 #ac4 ,outl9e ! milit>y movem5ts ( #ahfd "u ,g5]al ,%]man4 #ad4 ,sket* ! campaigns along ! ,potomac1 ) ! capture ( ,ri*mond1 & ! retreat & surr5d] ( ,lee's army4 #ae4 ,tell ( ! break+ up ( ! ,conf$]ate ,gov]nm5t4 #af4 ,:at 0 ! condition ( ! ,national f9ances1 & :at measures _h be5 enact$1 f #ahfb to #ahfe1 = _! relief4 #ag4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! assass9ation ( ,presid5t ,l9coln4 ,,"p ,,vii4 ,,! ,,nation ,,reunit$4 ,a4 ,d4 #ahfe-ahia4 ,,*apt] ,l4 ,,johnson',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahfe-ahfi4 ,on ! day aft] ! assass9ation ( ,mr4 ,l9coln1 ,&rew ,johnson became ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he 0 a native ( ,raleigh1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a--born 9 #ahjh4 ,) no advantages ( education1 he pass$ 8 boyhood 9 pov]ty4 ,9 #ahbh he remov$ to ,gre5ville1 ,t5nessee1 :]e he soon rose to di/9ction1 & 0 elect$ to ,congress4 ,z a memb] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate 9 #ahfj-fa1 he oppos$ secession ) all 8 p[]s4 ,9 #ahfb he 0 appo9t$ milit>y gov]nor ( ,t5nessee4 ,?is (fice he held until he 0 nom9at$ = ! vice-presid5cy4 ,illu/ration3 ,&rew ,johnson4 #b4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,febru>y1 #ahfe1 ,congress adopt$ an am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution by :i* slav]y 0 aboli%$ ?r\gh\t ! ,union4 ,by ! #ah? ( ! foll[+ ,decemb]1 ! am5dm5t _h be5 ratifi$ by ! legislatures ( tw5ty-sev5 ,/ates1 & 0 duly proclaim$ z a "p ( ! ,con/itution4 ,! emancipation proclamation _h be5 issu$ z a milit>y necessity2 & ! results ( ! in/rum5t 7 n[ incorporat$ 9 ! fundam5tal law ( ! l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,amne/y ,proclamation4 #c4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,may1 ! ,,amne/y ,,proclamation 0 issu$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,by its provisions a p>don 0 ext5d$ to all p]sons--except ^? specifi$ 9 c]ta9 classes--:o _h tak5 "p 9 uphold+ ! ,conf$]acy4 ,dur+ ! summ] ( #ahfe1 ! great armies 7 disb&$1 & ! victors & vanqui%$ return$ to _! homes to resume ! works ( peace4 #d4 ,! f9ances ( ! nation 7 9 an al>m+ condition4 ,! w>-debt w5t on increas+ until ! beg9n+ ( #ahff4 ,! ye>ly int]e/ grew to a hundr$ & ?irty-?ree million doll>s 9 gold4 ,! exp5ses ( ! gov]nm5t _h rea*$ two hundr$ millions ( doll>s annually4 ,b ! rev5ues ( ! nation prov$ suffici5t to meet ^! enorm\s outlays1 & at la/ ! debt began to dim9i%4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fr5* 9 ,mexico4 #e4 ,dur+ ! civil w>1 ! emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii4 succe$$ 9 sett+ up a ,fr5* empire 9 ,mexico4 ,9 #ahfd ! ,mexican cr[n 0 conf]r$ on ,maximilian ( ,au/ria1 :o su/a9$ 8 au?ority ) ,fr5* & ,au/rian soldi]s4 ,b ! ,mexican presid5t ,ju>ez head$ a revolution2 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates rebuk$ ,france = h] conduct2 ,napoleon )drew 8 army2 ,maximilian 0 ov]?r[n2 & ev5tually1 on ! #ac? ( ,june1 #ahfg1 0 tri$ & condemn$ to be %ot4 ,six days aft]w>ds ! s5t5ce 0 c>ri$ into execution4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,atlantic ,cable4 #f4 ,aft] a few weeks ( successful op]ation1 ! fir/ ,atlantic telegraph _h ceas$ to "w4 ,b ,mr4 ,field cont9u$ to advocate 8 measure & to plead = assi/ance bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,he made fifty voyages across ! ,atlantic1 & f9ally secur$ suffici5t capital to lay a second cable4 ,! "w began f ! coa/ ( ,irel& 9 ! summ] ( #ahfe2 b ! fir/ cable p>t$ & 0 lo/4 ,9 ,july ( #ahff a ?ird cable1 two ?\s& miles 9 l5g?1 0 coil$ 9 ! ,great ,ea/]n1 & aga9 ! vessel />t$ on its way4 ,?is "t ! "w 0 completely successful4 ,mr4 ,field receiv$ a gold m$al f ,congress1 & ! plaudits ( all civiliz$ nations4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,t]ritories4 #g4 ,9 ,m>* ( #ahfa1 ! ,t]ritory ( ,dakota1 de/9$ aft] tw5ty-eight ye>s to become two great /ates1 0 deta*$ f ,nebraska & giv5 a di/9ct organization4 ,! ,/ate ( ,kansas _h at la/1 on ! #bi? ( ,janu>y1 #ahfa1 be5 admitt$ into ! ,union1 "u a con/itution fram$ at ,wy&otte4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahfc1 ,arizona 0 sep>at$ f ,new ,mexico1 & on ! #c;d ( ,m>*1 9 t ye>1 ,idaho 0 organiz$ out ( portions ( ,dakota1 ,nebraska1 & ,wa%+ton ,t]ritories4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,may1 #ahfd1 ,montana 0 cut (f f ,idaho4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,m>*1 #ahfg1 ,nebraska 0 admitt$ into ! ,union z ! ?irty-sev5? ,/ate4 ,f9ally1 on ! #be? ( ,july1 #ahfh1 ! ,t]ritory ( ,wyom+ 0 organiz$ out ( portions ( ,dakota1 ,idaho1 & ,utah4 ,sid5ote3 ,pur*ase ( ,alaska4 #h4 ,! ye> #ahfg 0 signaliz$ by ! ,,pur*ase ,,( ,,alaska4 ,two ye>s previ\sly1 ! t]ritory _h be5 explor$ by a corps ( sci5tific m5 ) a view ( e/abli%+ telegraphic communication ) ,asia4 ,! explor]s f\nd t ! coa/-fi%]ies 7 ( great value1 & t ! =e/s ( :ite p9e & yell[ c$> 7 among ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4 ,negotiations = ! pur*ase 7 at once op5$1 & on ! #cj? ( ,m>*1 #ahfg1 a treaty 0 conclud$ by :i*1 = ! sum ( sev5 million two hundr$ ?\s& doll>s1 ,russia c$$ ,alaska to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! t]ritory embrac$ an area ( five hundr$ & eighty ?\s& squ>e miles1 & a population ( tw5ty-n9e ?\s& s\ls4 #i4 ,v soon aft] 8 accession1 a s]i\s disagreem5t arose betwe5 ! ,presid5t & ,congress4 ,! difficulty grew out ( ! "q ( reorganiz+ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! po9t 9 dispute 0 ! relation :i* ^? ,/ates _h su/a9$ to ! ,f$]al ,union dur+ ! civil w>4 ,! ,presid5t held t ! ord9ances ( secession 7 null & void1 & t ! sec$$ ,/ates _h nev] be5 out ( ! ,union4 ,! majority 9 ,congress held t ! acts ( secession 7 illegal & uncon/itutional1 b t ! sec$$ ,/ates _h be5 actually deta*$ f ! ,union1 & t special legislation 0 necess>y 9 ord] to re/ore !m to _! =m] relations4 ,sid5ote3 ,recon/ruction4 #aj4 ,9 #ahfe1 measures ( recon/ruction 7 begun by ! ,presid5t4 ,on ! #i? ( ,may1 a proclamation 0 issu$ = ! re/oration ( ,virg9ia to ! ,union4 ,tw5ty days lat] a provisional gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$ ov] ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 & simil> measures 7 adopt$ 9 respect to ! o!r ,/ates ( ! ,conf$]acy4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,june1 all re/rictions on trade & int]c\rse ) ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 7 remov$4 ,on ! #g? ( ,septemb] a second amne/y proclamation 0 issu$1 by :i* all p]sons :o _h upheld ! ,conf$]ate cause--except+ ! lead]s--7 unconditionally p>don$4 ,mean:ile1 ,t5nessee _h be5 reorganiz$1 & 9 #ahff 0 re/or$ to its place 9 ! ,union4 ,:5 ,congress conv5$1 a committee ( fifte5 memb]s 0 appo9t$1 to :i* 7 ref]r$ all que/ions conc]n+ ! reorganization ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,9 accordance ) measures report$ by ?is committee1 ,arkansas1 ,alabama1 ,georgia1 ,florida1 ,l\isiana1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7 recon/ruct$1 & 9 ,june & ,july ( #ahfh readmitt$ into ! ,union4 ,congress _h1 9 ! mean "t1 pass$ ! ,,civil ,,rights ,,bill1 by :i* ! privileges ( citiz5%ip 7 conf]r$ on ! fre$m5 ( ! ,s\?4 ,all ( ^! congressional enactm5ts 7 effect$ ov] ! veto ( ! ,presid5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,impea*m5t ,trial4 #aa4 ,mean:ile1 a difficulty _h aris5 9 ! ,presid5t's cab9et :i* l$ to 8 impea*m5t4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,febru>y1 #ahfh1 he notifi$ ,edw9 ,m4 ,/anton1 ,secret>y ( ,w>1 ( 8 dismissal f (fice4 ,! act 0 reg>d$ by ,congress z a usurpation ( au?ority & a violation ( law4 ,on ! #c;d ( ,m>*1 articles ( impea*m5t 7 agre$ to by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & ! ,presid5t 0 summon$ be=e ! ,s5ate = trial4 ,proce$+s began on ! #bc;d ( ,m>* & cont9u$ until ! #bf? ( ,may1 :5 ! ,presid5t 0 acquitt$4 ,*ief-,ju/ice ,salmon ,p4 ,*ase1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t ( ,am]ican /atesm5 & juri/s1 presid$ dur+ ! impea*m5t4 #ab4 ,! "t = ano!r presid5tial election 0 already at h&4 ,g5]al ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant 0 nom9at$ by ! ,republicans1 & ,horatio ,seym\r1 ( ,new ,york1 by ! ,democrats4 ,! canvass 0 "o ( great excitem5t4 ,! que/ions mo/ discuss$ by ! political speak]s 7 ^? aris+ out ( ! civil w>4 ,! pr9ciples advocat$ by ! majority 9 ,congress furni%$ ! ,republican plat=m ( #ahfh1 & on t plat=m ,g5]al ,grant 0 elect$ by a l>ge majority4 ,z ,vice-presid5t1 ,s*uyl] ,colfax1 ( ,indiana1 0 *os54 ,,*apt] ,,li4 ,,grant',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahfi-ahgg4 ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant1 eighte5? ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 born at ,po9t ,pleasant1 ,ohio1 ,april #bg1 #ahbb4 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 he ent]$ ! ,milit>y ,academy at ,we/ ,po9t1 & 0 graduat$ 9 #ahdc4 ,he s]v$ ) di/9ction 9 ! ,mexican w>2 b 8 fir/ national reputation 0 won by ! capture ( ,=ts ,h5ry & ,donelson4 ,f t "t he rapidly rose 9 rank1 & 9 ,m>*1 #ahfd1 0 appo9t$ lieut5ant-g5]al & g5]al-9-*ief ( ! ,union army4 ,illu/ration3 ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pacific ,railroad4 #b4 ,! fir/ great ev5t ( ! new adm9i/ration 0 ! completion ( ! ,,pacific ,,railroad4 ,! fir/ division ( ! road ext5d$ f ,omaha1 ,nebraska1 to ,ogd51 ,utah1 a di/ance ( "o ?\s& & ?irty-two miles4 ,! we/]n division rea*$ f ,ogd5 to ,san ,francisco1 a di/ance ( eight hundr$ & eighty-two miles4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,may1 #ahfi1 ! "w 0 complet$ ) appropriate c]emonies4 #c4 ,be=e ! inauguration ( ,presid5t ,grant two additional am5dm5ts to ! ,con/itution _h be5 adopt$4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 kn[n z ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t1 ext5d$ ! "r ( citiz5%ip to all p]sons born or naturaliz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & decl>$ ! validity ( ! public debt4 ,e>ly 9 #ahfi1 ! ,fifte5? ,am5dm5t 0 adopt$ by ,congress1 provid+ t ! "r ( citiz5s to vote %all n be d5i$ or abridg$ on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or previ\s condition ( s]vitude4 ,?is clause 0 proclaim$ by ! ,presid5t z a "p ( ! ,con/itution on ! #cj? ( ,m>*1 #ahgj4 #d4 ,9 ! fir/ ?ree mon?s ( ! same ye>1 ! reorganization ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 0 complet$4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,janu>y1 ! s5ators & repres5tatives ( ,virg9ia 7 readmitt$ to _! seats 9 ,congress4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,febru>y a l action 0 tak5 9 reg>d to ,mississippi2 & on ! #cj? ( ,m>* ! "w 0 f9i%$ by ! readmission ( ,texas4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( ! ,nation4 #e4 ,9 #ahgj 0 complet$ ! n9? c5sus ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,not)/&+ ! ravages ( w>1 ! pa/ t5 ye>s _h be5 a p]iod ( gr[? & progress4 ,dur+ t "t ! population _h increas$ to ?irty-eight million five hundr$ & eighty-sev5 ?\s& s\ls4 ,! national debt 0 rapidly fall+ (f4 ,! products ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h gr[n to a va/ aggregate4 ,am]ican manufactur]s 7 compet+ ) ^? ( all nations 9 ! m>kets ( ! _w4 ,! ,union n[ embrac$ ?irty-sev5 ,/ates & elev5 ,t]ritories4 ,! national doma9 _h spread to ! va/ area ( ?ree million six hundr$ & f\r ?\s& squ>e miles4 ,few ?+s h be5 m wond]ful ?an ! t]ritorial & mat]ial gr[? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,san ,dom+o ,commission4 #f4 ,9 ,janu>y ( #ahga1 ,presid5t ,grant appo9t$ ,s5ator ,wade ( ,ohio1 ,pr(essor ,:ite ( ,new ,york1 & ,dr4 ,samuel ,h[e ( ,massa*usetts1 to visit ,san ,dom+o & report ^u ! desirability ( annex+ t isl& to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! measure 0 e>ne/ly favor$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,aft] ?ree mon?s sp5t abroad1 ! commission]s return$ & report$ 9 favor ( annexation2 b ! proposal met ) opposition 9 ,congress1 & 0 defeat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,alabama ,claims4 #g4 ,! claim ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/ ! ,briti% gov]nm5t = damages done by ,conf$]ate cruis]s dur+ ! civil w> /ill rema9$ unsettl$4 ,aft] ! w> ,great ,brita9 grew anxi\s = an adju/m5t ( ! difficulty4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,febru>y1 #ahga1 a jo9t high commission1 compos$ ( five ,briti% & five ,am]ican /atesm51 assembl$ at ,wa%+ton ,city4 ,f ! fact t ! cruis] ,alabama _h done mo/ ( ! injury compla9$ (1 ! claims ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 call$ ! ,,alabama ,,claims4 ,aft] mu* discussion1 ! commission]s fram$ a treaty1 kn[n z ! ,treaty ( ,wa%+ton4 ,x 0 agre$ t all claims ( ei!r nation aga9/ ! o!r %\ld be submitt$ to a bo>d ( arbitration to be appo9t$ by fri5dly nations4 ,su* a c\rt 0 =m$1 & 9 ! summ] ( #ahgb conv5$ at ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&4 ,! cause ( ! two nations 0 he>d1 & on ! #ad? ( ,septemb] decid$ 9 favor ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,great ,brita9 0 requir$ to pay into ! ,f$]al treasury fifte5 million five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*icago ,fire4 #h4 ,! ye> #ahga is not$ 9 ,am]ican hi/ory = ! burn+ ( ,*icago4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #h? ( ,octob] a fire broke out 9 ,de ,kov5 /reet1 & 0 driv5 by a high w9d into ! lumb]-y>ds & wood5 h\ses ( ! neighborhood4 ,all ! next day ! flames roll$ on1 sweep+ into a black5$ ru9 ! mo/ valuable portion ( ! city4 ,! area burn$ ov] 0 two ?\s& "o hundr$ acres1 or ?ree & a ?ird squ>e miles4 ,ne>ly two hundr$ lives 7 lo/1 & ! prop]ty de/roy$ am\nt$ to ab\t two hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 #i4 ,z ! fir/ t]m ( ,presid5t ,grant drew to a close1 ! political p>ties made ready = ! tw5ty-second presid5tial election4 ,_m p>ts ( ! *ief magi/rate's policy _h be5 made ! subjects ( controv]sy4 ,! congressional plan ( recon/ruction _h be5 unfavorably receiv$ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! elevation ( ! negro race to ! rights ( citiz5%ip 0 reg>d$ ) appreh5sion4 ,! milit>y _s 0 /ill rife 9 ! c\ntry1 & ! issues ( ! civil w> 7 r$iscuss$ ) mu* bitt]ness4 ,on ^! issues ! p divid$ 9 ! election ( #ahgb4 ,! ,republicans r5om9at$ ,g5]al ,grant = ! presid5cy4 ,= ! vice-presid5cy ,mr4 ,colfax 0 succe$$ by ,h5ry ,wilson ( ,massa*usetts4 ,z ! /&>d-be>] ( ! ,lib]al ,republican & ,democratic p>ties1 ,horace ,greeley1 editor ( ! ,new ,york ,tribune1 0 nom9at$4 ,?is 0 ! la/ act 9 t rem>kable man's c>e]4 ,= m ?an ?irty ye>s he _h be5 a lead] ( public op9ion 9 ,am]ica4 ,! canvass 0 "o ( wild excitem5t4 ,mr4 ,greeley 0 ov]:elm+ly defeat$1 & di$ 9 less ?an a mon? aft] ! election4 ,illu/ration3 ,horace ,greeley4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,bo/on ,fire4 #aj4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #i? ( ,novemb]1 a fire broke out on ! corn] ( ,k+/on & ,summ] /reets1 ,bo/on2 spread to ! nor!a/2 & cont9u$ ) unabat$ fury until ! morn+ ( ! #aa?4 ,! be/ portion ( ! city1 embrac+ "s ( ! f9e/ blocks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 laid 9 a%es4 ,! burnt di/rict cov]$ an area ( sixty-five acres4 ,fifte5 lives1 eight hundr$ build+s1 & prop]ty to ! value ( eighty million doll>s 7 lo/ 9 ! conflagration4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,modoc ,w>4 #aa4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahgb1 ! ,modoc ,indians 7 ord]$ to remove f _! l&s on ,lake ,klama?1 ,oregon1 to a new res]vation4 ,!y refus$ to g2 & 9 ! foll[+ ,novemb]1 a body ( troops 0 s5t to =ce !m into compliance4 ,! ,modocs resi/$1 kept up ! w> dur+ ! w9t]1 & !n retreat$ into a volcanic region call$ ! lava-b$s4 ,"h1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahgc1 ! ,indians 7 surr\nd$4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,april1 a conf]5ce 0 held betwe5 !m & six memb]s ( ! peace commission2 b 9 ! mid/ ( ! c\ncil ! savages rose ^u ! k9d-he>t$ m5 :o sat beside !m1 & murd]$ ,g5]al ,canby & ,dr4 ,?omas 9 cold blood4 ,mr4 ,mea*am1 ano!r memb] ( ! commission1 0 %ot1 b escap$ ) 8 life4 ,! ,modocs 7 !n besieg$ 9 _! /ronghold2 b x 0 ! #a/ ( ,june be=e ,capta9 ,jack & 8 b& 7 oblig$ to surr5d]4 ,! *iefs 7 tri$ by c\rt-m>tial & execut$ 9 ! foll[+ ,octob]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,cr$it ,mobili]4 #ab4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,presid5t ,grant's second t]m1 ! c\ntry 0 agitat$ by ! ,,cr$it ,,mobili] ,,inve/igation 9 ,congress4 ,! ,cr$it ,mobili] 0 a jo9t /ock company1 organiz$ 9 #ahfc = ! purpose ( con/ruct+ public works4 ,9 #ahfg1 ano!r company1 :i* _h und]tak5 to build ! ,pacific ,railroad1 pur*as$ ! *>t] ( ! ,cr$it ,mobili]1 & ! capital 0 increas$ to ?ree million sev5 hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s4 ,ow+ to ! pr(itabl5ess ( ! "w1 ! /ock rose 9 value & l>ge divid5ds 7 paid to ! %>ehold]s4 ,9 #ahgb x became kn[n t mu* ( ?is /ock 0 own$ by memb]s ( ,congress4 ,a suspicion t ^? memb]s _h vot$ corruptly 9 matt]s affect+ ! ,pacific ,railroad seiz$ ! public m9d1 & l$ to a congressional inve/igation1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* _m sc&al\s transactions 7 br\ght to light4 #ac4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahgc occurr$ "o ( ! mo/ disa/r\s f9ancial panics ev] kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! al>m 0 giv5 by ! failure ( ,jay ,cooke ,company ( ,philadelphia4 ,o!r failures foll[$ 9 rapid succession4 ,depositors hurri$ to ! banks & )drew _! money4 ,bus9ess 0 p>alyz$1 & _m mon?s elaps$ be=e confid5ce 0 suffici5tly re/or$ to enable m]*ants & bank]s to engage 9 ! usual transactions ( trade4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,c5t5nial ,exposition4 #ad4 ,) ! com+ ( #ahgf ! p made ready to celebrate ! ,,c5t5nial ,,( ,,am]ican ,,indep5d5ce4 ,! city ( ,philadelphia 0 ! c5tral po9t ( int]e/4 ,!re1 on ! #aj? ( ,may1 ! great ,int]national ,exposition 0 op5$ ) impos+ c]emonies4 ,9 ,fairm\nt ,p>k1 on ! ,s*uylkill1 7 erect$ beautiful build+s to receive ! products ( art & indu/ry f all nations4 ,by ! beg9n+ ( summ] ^! /ately edifices 7 fill$ to ov]fl[+ ) ! ri*e/ products1 ga!r$ f e clime & c\ntry4 ,on ! #d? ( ,july ! c5t5nial ( ! great ,decl>ation 0 commemorat$ 9 ,philadelphia ) an impressive oration by ,william ,m4 ,ev>ts1 ( ,new ,york1 & a ,national ,ode by ! poet1 ,bay>d ,taylor4 ,! av]age daily att5dance ( visitors at ! ,exposition 0 ov] sixty-"o ?\s&4 ,! gr\nds 7 op5 = "o hundr$ & fifty-eight days2 & ! receipts = admission am\nt$ to m ?an ?ree million sev5 hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,novemb]1 ! ,exposition1 ! mo/ successful ( its k9d ev] held1 0 =mally clos$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,si\x ,w>4 #ae4 ,! la/ ye> ( ,presid5t ,grant's adm9i/ration 0 not$ = ! ,,w> ,,) ,,! ,,si\x4 ,^! fi]ce savages _h1 9 #ahfg1 made a treaty ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 agree+ to rel9qui% all ( ! t]ritory s\? ( ! ,niobr>a1 we/ ( ! "o hundr$ & f\r? m]idian1 & nor? ( ! =ty-six? p>allel4 ,by ?is treaty ! ,si\x 7 conf9$ to a l>ge res]vation 9 s\?we/]n ,dakota1 & ^u ?is !y agre$ to retire by ! fir/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahgf4 ,b _m ( ! tribes cont9u$ to roam at l>ge ?r\gh ,wyom+ & ,montana1 burn+ h\ses1 /eal+ horses1 & murd]+ :oev] oppos$ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,cu/]'s ,la/ ,fight4 #af4 ,! ,gov]nm5t n[ und]took to drive ! ,si\x ^u _! res]vation4 ,a l>ge =ce ( regul>s1 "u ,g5]als ,t]ry & ,crook1 0 s5t into ! m\nta9\s c\ntry ( ! ,upp] ,yell[/one1 & ! savages1 to ! numb] ( sev]al ?\s&1 7 cr[d$ back aga9/ ! ,big ,horn ,m\nta9s & ,riv]4 ,g5]als ,cu/] & ,r5o1 :o 7 s5t =w>d ) ! ,sev5? ,cavalry to discov] ! :]eab\ts ( ! ,indians1 f\nd !m on ! left bank ( ! ,little ,horn4 ,sid5ote3 ,cu/]'s ,defeat on ! ,little ,horn4 #ag4 ,on ! #be? ( ,june1 ,g5]al ,cu/]1 )\t wait+ = re9=cem5ts1 *>g$ headlong ) 8 division into ! ,indian t[n1 & 0 imm$iately surr\nd$4 ,! /ruggle equal$ 9 desp]ation & disa/] any o!r ,indian battle ev] f\ght 9 ,am]ica4 ,g5]al ,cu/] & e man ( 8 comm& fell 9 ! fight4 ,! :ole loss ( ! ,sev5? ,cavalry 0 two hundr$ & sixty-"o kill$1 & fifty-two w\nd$4 ,g5]al ,r5o held 8 position1 on ! bluffs ( ! ,little ,horn1 until ,g5]al ,gibbon arriv$ ) re9=cem5ts & sav$ ! remnant f de/ruction4 #ah4 ,o!r divisions ( ! army 7 soon hurri$ =w>d1 & dur+ ! summ] & autumn ! ,indians 7 beat5 9 sev]al engagem5ts4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,novemb]1 ! ,si\x 7 decisively defeat$ by ,colonel ,mc,kenzie at a pass 9 ! ,big ,horn ,m\nta9s4 ,on ! #e? ( ,janu>y1 ! savages 7 aga9 ov]tak5 & r\t$ by ! =ces ( ,colonel ,miles4 ,! rema9+ b&s1 "u ,sitt+ ,bull & ,crazy ,horse1 be+ able to (f] no fur!r s]i\s resi/ance1 escap$ across ! bord] into ,canada4 #ai4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahgf1 ,colorado took h] place z ! ?irty-eigh? ,/ate ( ! ,union4 ,! population ( ! ,c5t5nial ,/ate numb]$ =ty-five ?\s&4 #bj4 ,! tw5ty-?ird presid5tial election 0 "o ( ! mo/ excit+ & critical 9 ! hi/ory ( ! nation4 ,g5]al ,ru!r=d ,b4 ,hayes1 ( ,ohio1 & ,william ,a4 ,:eel]1 ( ,new ,york1 7 *os5 z c&idates by ! ,republicans2 ,samuel ,j4 ,tild51 ( ,new ,york1 & ,?omas ,a4 ,h5dricks1 ( ,indiana1 by ! ,democrats4 ,! ,indep5d5t ,gre5back p>ty pres5t$ z c&idates ,pet] ,coop]1 ( ,new ,york1 & ,samuel ,f4 ,c>y1 ( ,ohio4 ,! canvass began e>ly & ) great _s4 ,! real conte/ lay betwe5 ! ,republicans & ! ,democrats4 ,! election 0 held4 ,! g5]al result 0 unc]ta91 & bo? p>ties claim$ ! victory6 ,! election 0 s ev5ly balanc$2 !re _h be5 s mu* irregul>ity 9 ! elections 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,florida1 ,l\isiana1 & ,oregon2 & ! p[] ( ,congress ov] ! electoral proce$+s 0 s poorly def9$1 t no c]ta9 result c\ld be ann\nc$4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry1 !re 0 a disput$ presid5cy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,electoral ,commission4 #ba4 ,:5 ,congress conv5$ 9 ,decemb]1 ! :ole "q came be=e t body = adju/m5t4 ,aft] mu* debat+ x 0 agre$ t ! disput$ election returns %\ld be ref]r$ = decision to a ,,jo9t ,,high ,,commission1 consi/+ ( five memb]s *os5 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 five f ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & five f ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,! ,commission 0 accord+ly con/itut$4 ,! returns ( ! disput$ ,/ates 7 ref]r$ to ! tribunal2 & on ! #b;d ( ,m>* a result 0 rea*$4 ,! ,republican c&idates 7 decl>$ elect$4 ,"o hundr$ & eighty-five electoral votes 7 ca/ = ,hayes & ,:eel]1 & "o hundr$ & eighty-f\r = ,tild5 & ,h5dricks4 ,,*apt] ,,lii4 ,,hayes',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahgg-ahha4 ,ru!r=d ,b4 ,hayes1 n9ete5? ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 born 9 ,delaw>e1 ,ohio1 on ! #d? ( ,octob]1 #ahbb4 ,8 ance/ors 7 soldi]s ( ! ,revolution4 ,8 prim>y education 0 receiv$ 9 ! public s*ools4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty1 he 0 graduat$ f ,k5yon ,college4 ,9 #ahde he complet$ 8 legal /udies1 & began ! practice ( 8 pr(ession1 fir/ at ,m>ietta1 !n at ,fremont1 & f9ally z city solicitor1 9 ,c9c9nati4 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w> he p]=m$ mu* honorable s]vice 9 ! ,union cause1 rose to ! rank ( major-g5]al1 & 9 #ahfd1 :ile /ill 9 ! field1 0 elect$ to ,congress4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 he 0 *os5 gov]nor ( 8 native ,/ate1 & 0 reelect$ 9 #ahfi1 & aga9 9 #ahge4 ,illu/ration3 ,ru!r=d ,b4 ,hayes4 ,sid5ote3 ,great ,railroad ,/rike4 #b4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahgg1 9 consequ5ce ( a ?reat5$ r$uction 9 ! wages ( railway employes1 occurr$ :at is kn[n z ! ,,great ,,railroad ,,/rike4 ,on ! #af? ( ,july1 ! workm5 ( ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad left _! po/s & ga!r$ su* /r5g? 9 ,baltimore & at ,m>t9sburg1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 z to prev5t ! runn+ ( tra9s4 ,! militia 0 call$ out by ,gov]nor ,mat!ws1 b 0 soon disp]s$ by ! /rik]s4 ,! ,presid5t !n ord]$ ,g5]al ,fr5* to ! sc5e ) a body ( regul>s1 & ! blockade ( ! road 0 rais$4 #c4 ,mean:ile1 ! tra9s _h be5 /opp$ on all ! important roads betwe5 ! ,hudson & ! ,mississippi1 & bus9ess 0 p>alyz$4 ,9 ,pittsburgh ! /rik]s1 riot]s1 & dang]\s classes1 ga!r+ 9 a mob to ! numb] ( tw5ty ?\s&1 held1 = two days1 a reign ( t]ror unp>allel$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry4 ,! insurrection 0 f9ally suppress$ by ! regul> troops & ! ,p5nsylvania militia1 b n until ne>ly "o hundr$ lives1 & prop]ty to ! value ( m ?an ?ree millions ( doll>s1 _h be5 lo/4 ,riots also occurr$1 or 7 ?reat5$1 at ,*icago1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,san ,francisco1 ,c9c9nati1 ,columbus1 ,l\isville1 ,indianapolis1 & ,=t ,wayne4 ,by ! close ( ! mon?1 ! al>m+ insurrection 0 at an end4 ,sid5ote3 ,nez ,p]c ,w>4 #d4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahgg a w> broke out ) ! ,nez ,p]c ,indians ( ,idaho4 ,! national au?orities 9 #ahed pur*as$ a "p ( ! ,nez ,p]c t]ritory1 l>ge res]vations be+ made 9 nor?we/]n ,idaho & nor!a/]n ,oregon1 b "s ( ! *iefs refus$ to ratify ! compact1 & rema9$ at l>ge4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( difficulties4 #e4 ,! w> began ) ! usual depr$ations by ! ,indians4 ,g5]al ,h[>d m>*$ aga9/ !m ) a small =ce ( regul>s2 b ! ,nez ,p]cs1 l$ by _! not$ *iefta9 ,joseph1 fl$4 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( summ] ! pursuit cont9u$4 ,9 ! fall !y 7 *as$ ?r\gh ! m\nta9s into nor!rn ,montana1 :]e !y 7 confront$ by o!r troops comm&$ by ,colonel ,miles4 #f4 ,! ,nez ,p]cs 7 next driv5 across ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 & 7 f9ally surr\nd$ 9 _! camp nor? ( ! ,be> ,paw ,m\nta9s4 ,"h1 on ! #d? ( ,octob]1 !y 7 attack$1 & completely r\t$ by ! =ces ( ,colonel ,miles4 ,only a few1 l$ by ! *ief ,:ite ,bird1 escap$4 ,?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-five ( ! captive ,nez ,p]cs 7 br\ght back to ! ,am]ican po/ on ! ,miss\ri4 ,sid5ote3 ,remonetization ( ,silv]4 #g4 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahgg ! public m9d 0 greatly agitat$ conc]n+ ! ,,remonetization ,,( ,,silv]4 ,by ! fir/ co9age regulations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! /&>d unit ( value 0 ! silv] doll>4 ,f #agib until #ahgc1 ! quantity ( pure metal 9 ?is unit _h nev] be5 *ang$1 ?\gh ! am\nt ( alloy conta9$ 9 ! doll> 0 alt]$ sev]al times4 ,9 #ahdi a gold doll> 0 add$ to ! co9age1 & f t "t =? ! /&>d unit ( value exi/$ 9 bo? metals4 ,9 #ahgc-gd a s]ies ( acts 7 adopt$ by ,congress be>+ ^u ! /&>d unit ( value1 :]eby ! legal-t5d] quality ( silv] 0 aboli%$1 & ! silv] doll> omitt$ f ! li/ ( co9s to be /ruck at ! national m9ts4 #h4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahge1 ! ,,resumption ,,act 0 pass$ by ,congress4 ,x 0 decl>$ t on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahgi1 ! ,gov]nm5t %\ld beg9 to r$eem its out/&+ legal-t5d] notes 9 co94 ,! "q 0 n[ rais$ z to ! mean+ ( ! ^w co9 9 ! act2 &1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! att5tion ( ! p 0 ar\s$ to ! fact t ! privilege ( pay+ debts 9 silv] _h be5 tak5 away4 ,a great agitation foll[$1 & 9 #ahgh a measure 9 ,congress 0 pass$ ov] ! ,presid5t's veto1 = ! re/oration ( ! legal-t5d] quality ( ! old silv] doll>1 & = ! compulsory co9age ( t unit at a rate ( n less ?an two millions ( doll>s a mon?4 ,sid5ote3 ,yell[ ,fev] ,epidemic4 #i4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahgh sev]al ( ! ,gulf ,/ates 7 sc\rg$ ) a ,,yell[ ,,fev] ,,epidemic4 ,! disease made its appe>ance 9 ,new ,orleans1 & f !nce 0 scatt]$ among ! t[ns along ! ,mississippi4 ,a regul> sy/em ( contributions 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 & m5 & treasure 7 p\r$ out )\t /9t to relieve ! suff]+ ,s\?4 ,aft] m ?an tw5ty ?\s& p _h fall5 victims to ! plague1 ! fro/s ( ,octob] came & end$ ! pe/il5ce4 #aj4 ,by ! ,treaty ( ,wa%+ton 7#ahga71 x 0 agre$ t ! "r ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 c]ta9 sea-fi%]ies 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 hi!rto claim$ by ,great ,brita91 %\ld be ackn[l$g$ & ma9ta9$4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates agre$ to rel9qui% ! duties :i* _h hi!rto be5 *>g$ on c]ta9 k9ds ( fi% import$ by ,briti% subjects into ,am]ican h>bors2 &1 9 ord] to balance any discrepancy1 x 0 fur!r agre$ t any total advantage to ! ,unit$ ,/ates might be comp5sat$ by a gross sum to be paid by ! ,am]ican gov]nm5t4 ,?is sum 0 fix$ at five million doll>s 9 ,novemb]1 #ahgg1 & a ye> lat] ! am\nt 0 paid to ! ,briti% gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,*9ese ,embassy4 #aa4 ,! ye> #ahgh witness$ ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,,resid5t ,,*9ese ,,embassy at ,wa%+ton4 ,= tw5ty ye>s ! great treaty negotiat$ by ,anson ,burl+ame _h be5 9 =ce betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,*9a4 ,! comm]cial relations ( ! two c\ntries _h be5 va/ly ext5d$4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,septemb] ! embassy *os5 by ! imp]ial gov]nm5t 0 receiv$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,! c]emonies ( ! occasion 7 among ! mo/ int]e/+ ev] witness$ 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,! spee* ( ,*5 ,lan ,p91 ! m9i/]1 0 equal 9 dignity & appropriat5ess to ! be/ ef=ts ( a ,european diplomati/4 ,sid5ote3 ,life ,sav+ ,s]vice4 #ab4 ,9 ,june1 #ahgh1 ! ,,life ,,sav+ ,,s]vice ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates 0 e/abli%$ by act ( ,congress4 ,! plan propos$ ! e/abli%m5t ( regul> /ations & ligh?\ses on all ! expos$ p>ts ( ! ,atlantic coa/ & along ! ,great ,lakes4 ,ea* /ation 0 to be mann$ by a b& ( surfm5 exp]i5c$ 9 ! dang]s peculi> to ! %ore 9 times ( /orms1 & drill$ 9 ! be/ me?ods ( rescue & resuscitation4 ,boats & o!r appliances ( ! mo/ approv$ patt]n 7 provid$ & equipp$4 ,! success ( ! ent]prise has be5 s great z to reflect ! highe/ cr$it on its promot]s4 ,! numb] ( lives sav$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! s]vice rea*es to ?\s&s annually1 & ! am\nt ( human suff]+ & di/ress alleviat$ by ?is b5efic5t movem5t is beyond computation4 ,sid5ote3 ,specie ,resumption4 #ac4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahgi1 ! ,,resumption ,,( ,,specie ,,paym5ts 0 accompli%$ by ! treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,aft] sev5te5 ye>s' disappe>ance1 gold & silv] co91 :i* dur+ t "t _h be5 at a premium ov] ! legal-t5d] notes ( ! gov]nm5t1 aga9 came into common circulation4 #ad4 ,! presid5tial election ( #ahhj 0 accompani$ ) ! excitem5t usually att5dant ^u great political /ruggles 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,republican national conv5tion 0 held 9 ,*icago on ! #b;d & #c;d ( ,june2 a plat=m ( pr9ciples 0 adopt$1 & ,g5]al ,james ,a4 ,g>field1 ( ,ohio1 0 nom9at$ = ,presid5t4 ,= ,vice-presid5t1 ,*e/] ,a4 ,ar?ur1 ( ,new ,york1 receiv$ ! nom9ation4 ,! ,democratic national conv5tion assembl$ at ,c9c9nati on ! #bb;d ( ,june1 & nom9at$ = ! presid5cy ,g5]al ,w9field ,s4 ,hancock1 ( ,new ,york1 & = ! ,vice-presid5cy ,william ,h4 ,engli%1 ( ,indiana4 ,! ,national ,gre5back p>ty held a conv5tion 9 ,*icago on ! #i? ( ,june1 & nom9at$ ,g5]al ,james ,b4 ,weav]1 ( ,i[a1 = ,presid5t1 & ,g5]al ,b5jam9 ,j4 ,*amb]s1 ( ,texas1 = ,vice-presid5t4 ,! election result$ 9 ! *oice ( ,g>field & ,ar?ur4 ,two hundr$ & f\rte5 electoral votes1 embrac+ ^? ( ne>ly all ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 7 ca/ = ! ,republican c&idates4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,grant's ,t\r4 #ae4 ,soon aft] retir+ f ! presid5cy1 ,g5]al ,grant1 ) 8 family & a company ( p]sonal fri5ds1 set out to make a ,,t\r ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,! exp$ition attract$ ! mo/ conspicu\s att5tion bo? at home & abroad4 ,! dep>ture f ,philadelphia on ! #ag? ( ,may1 #ahgg1 0 ! beg9n+ ( su* a pageant z 0 nev] be=e ext5d$ to any citiz5 ( any nation ( ! e>?4 ,g5]al ,grant visit$ ,europe1 ,india1 ,burmah & ,siam2 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahgi ! p>ty return$ to ,san ,francisco1 be>+ ) !m ! highe/ tok5s ( e/eem :i* ! great nations ( ! ,old ,_w c\ld be/[ ^u ! honor$ repres5tative ( ! ,new4 ,illu/ration3 ,oliv] ,p4 ,morton4 #af4 ,! ,,c5sus ,,( #ahhj 0 und]tak5 ) m sy/em & c>e ?an ev] be=e 9 ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry4 ,! "w 0 intru/$ to ! sup]9t5d5cy ( ,pr(essor ,francis ,a4 ,walk]4 ,9 e s\rce ( national p[]1 ! developm5t ( ! c\ntry 0 %[n to h cont9u$ )\t abatem5t4 ,! total population ( ! ,/ates & ,t]ritories n[ am\nt$ to #ej1ahb1ebe--;an increase s9ce #ahgj ( m ?an a million inhabitants a ye>6 ,! c5t] ( population _h mov$ we/w>d ab\t fifty miles1 to ! vic9ity ( ,c9c9nati4 ,sid5ote3 ,oliv] ,p4 ,morton4 #ag4 ,dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,hayes sev]al em95t ,am]icans pass$ f ! sc5e ( _! e>?ly activities4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,novemb]1 #ahgg1 ! di/+ui%$ s5ator1 ,oliv] ,p4 ,morton1 di$ ( p>alysis at 8 home 9 ,indianapolis4 ,8 reputation 9 8 own ,/ate & ?r\gh\t ! ,union 0 v great1 & 8 /]l+ "* _h won ! respect ev5 ( 8 political enemies4 ,z ,w> ,gov]nor ( ,indiana1 he _h be5 "o ( ! ma9 pill>s ( support to ! ,union 9 ! try+ days ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,aft] t ev5t he _h become "o ( ! =emo/ m5 ( ! nation4 ,al?\gh b fifty-f\r ye>s ( age1 he _h ris5 to be a recogniz$ lead] 9 ,am]ican /atesman%ip4 ,8 dea? 0 reg>d$ z a public calamity1 & ! ,nation1 )\t di/9ction ( p>ty1 jo9$ ) 8 own ,/ate 9 do+ honor to ! memory ( ! great dead4 #ah4 ,/ill m univ]sally felt 0 ! loss ( ! great poet & j\rnali/1 ,william ,cull5 ,bryant1 :o on ! #ab? ( ,june1 #ahgh1 at ! advanc$ age ( eighty-f\r1 pass$ f among ! liv+4 ,= m ?an sixty ye>s 8 "n _h be5 kn[n & honor$ :]ev] ! ,engli% language 0 spok54 ,on ! #ai? ( ,decemb]1 9 ! same ye>1 ! illu/ri\s ,bay>d ,taylor1 :o _h rec5tly be5 appo9t$ ,am]ican ,m9i/] to ! ,g]man ,empire1 di$ sudd5ly 9 ! city ( ,b]l94 ,8 life _h be5 exclusively devot$ to lit]>y "w2 & almo/ e dep>tm5t ( lett]s1 f ! common tasks ( j\rnalism to ! highe/ *>ms ( poetry1 _h be5 adorn$ by 8 g5ius4 ,on ! #a/ day ( ,novemb]1 #ahgi1 ,za*>iah ,*&l]1 ( ,mi*igan1 "o ( ! organiz]s ( ! ,republican p>ty1 & a great lead] ( t p>ty 9 ! times ( ! civil w>1 di$ sudd5ly at ,*icago2 & on ! #bd? day ( ,april1 #ahha1 ! not$ publi%] & au?or1 ,james ,t4 ,fields1 di$ at 8 home 9 ,bo/on4 ,,*apt] ,,liii4 ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,g>field ,,& ,,ar?ur1 #ahha-ahhe4 ,james ,a4 ,g>field1 tw5tie? ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,j ,/ates1 0 born at ,orange1 ,cuyahoga ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 ,novemb] #ai1 #ahca4 ,he 0 left 9 infancy to ! sole c>e ( 8 "m & to ! rude surr\nd+s ( a backwoods home4 ,9 boyhood he s]v$ z a driv] & pilot ( a canal boat ply+ ! ,ohio & ,p5nsylvania canal4 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 he att5d$ ! ,high ,s*ool 9 ,*e/]1 0 aft]w>ds a /ud5t at ,hiram ,college1 & 9 #ahed ent]$ ,williams ,college1 f :i* he 0 graduat$ ) honor4 ,illu/ration3 ,james ,a4 ,g>field4 #b4 ,9 ! same ye>1 ,g>field return$ to ,ohio1 & 0 made fir/ a pr(essor & aft]w>ds presid5t ( ,hiram ,college4 ,?is position he held until ! outbreak ( ! ,civil ,w>1 :5 he left 8 po/ to ent] ! army4 ,9 ! s]vice he rose to di/9ction1 & :ile /ill 9 ! field 0 elect$ by ! p ( 8 di/rict to ! l[] h\se ( ,congress4 ,9 #ahgi he 0 elect$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 & h>d ^u ?is foll[$ 8 nom9ation & election to ! presid5cy4 ,am]ican hi/ory has furni%$ b few in/ances ( a m /eady & brilliant rise1 f ! pov]ty ( an obscure boyhood1 to ! mo/ di/+ui%$ elective (fice 9 ! gift ( mank9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,spoils ,sy/em4 #c4 ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #ahha1 ,presid5t ,g>field deliv]$ 8 inaugural address1 & ! new adm9i/ration ent]$ ^u its c\rse ) om5s ( an auspici\s future4 ,b its prospects 7 soon d>k5$ ) political difficulties4 ,a division arose 9 ! ranks ( ! ,republican p>ty4 ,! two w+s ( ! ,republicans 7 nicknam$ ! ,/alw>ts & ! ,half-,bre$s3 ! =m]1 head$ by ,s5ator ,conkl+ ( ,new ,york2 ! latt]1 l$ by ,mr4 ,bla9e1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & indors$ by ! ,presid5t himself4 ,! ,/alw>ts claim$ ! "r ( disp5s+ ! appo9tive (fices ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 aft] ! mann] :i* _h prevail$ = _m prec$+ adm9i/rations2 ! ,presid5t1 support$ by 8 division ( ! p>ty1 insi/$ on nam+ ! (fic]s 9 ! v>i\s ,/ates accord+ to 8 own wi%es4 #d4 ,! *ief cla% betwe5 ! two influ5ces 9 ! p>ty occurr$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,! collector%ip ( cu/oms = ! port ( ,new ,york is ! be/ appo9tive (fice 9 ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,to fill ?is position ! ,presid5t nom9at$ ,judge ,william ,rob]tson1 & ! appo9tm5t 0 antagoniz$ by ! ,new ,york s5ators1 ,conkl+ & ,platt1 :o1 fail+ to prev5t ! confirmation ( ,rob]tson1 resign$ _! seats1 return$ to _! ,/ate1 & fail$ ( a reelection4 ,sid5ote3 ,assass9ation ( ,pres4 ,g>field4 #e4 ,a few days aft] ! adj\rnm5t ( ! ,s5ate 9 ,june1 ! ,presid5t1 9 company ) ,secret>y ,bla9e & a few fri5ds1 ent]$ ! railroad depot at ,wa%+ton to take ! tra9 = ,long ,bran*1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,a mom5t aft]w>ds he 0 approa*$ by a mis]able miscreant1 :o1 unp]ceiv$1 came )9 a few feet ( ! company1 drew a pi/ol1 & fir$ ^u ! ,*ief ,magi/rate4 ,! %ot /ruck ! ,presid5t 9 ! back1 & inflict$ a dreadful w\nd4 ,! ble$+ *iefta9 0 borne away to ! executive mansion1 & ! wret* :o _h committ$ ! crime 0 hurri$ to prison4 ,= eighty days ! /rick5 ,presid5t l+]$ betwe5 life & dea?1 be>+ ! pa9 & angui% ( 8 situation ) a =titude & h]oism r>ely witness$ among m52 b at half-pa/ t5 on ! ev5+ ( ,septemb] #ai?1 ! anniv]s>y ( ! battle ( ,*ickamauga1 8 vital p[]s sudd5ly gave way1 & 9 a few mom5ts dea? clos$ ! sc5e4 ,sid5ote3 ,presid5t ,ar?ur ,in/all$4 #f4 ,on ! day foll[+ ?is deplorable ev5t1 ,vice-presid5t ,ar?ur took ! oa? ( (fice 9 ,new ,york1 & repair$ to ,wa%+ton4 ,*e/] ,a4 ,ar?ur 0 born 9 ,v]non1 ,frankl9 ,c\nty1 ,v]mont1 ,octob] #e1 #ahcj4 ,he 0 ( ,iri% desc5t1 & 0 educat$ at ,union ,college1 f :i* in/itution he 0 graduat$ 9 #ahdi4 ,= a:ile he taught s*ool 9 8 native ,/ate1 & !n came to ,new ,york ,city to /udy law4 ,dur+ ! civil w> he 0 ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,aft] #ahfe he return$ to ! practice ( law1 & 9 #ahga 0 appo9t$ ,collector ( ,cu/oms = ! port ( ,new ,york4 ,?is position he held until ,july1 #ahgh1 :5 he 0 remov$ by ,presid5t ,hayes4 ,aga9 he return$ to 8 law practice1 b 0 soon call$ by ! voice ( 8 p>ty to be a /&>d-be>] 9 ! ,presid5tial canvass ( #ahhj4 ,illu/ration3 ,*e/] ,a4 ,ar?ur4 #g4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,ar?ur prov$ to be unev5tful4 ,! gov]nm5t pursu$ ! ev5 t5or ( its way1 & ! progress ( ! c\ntry 0 un*eck$ by calamity4 ,sev]al important sci5tific inv5tions 7 p]fect$ ab\t ?is "t1 & sev]al great public works complet$4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5tific ,inv5tions4 #h4 ,"o ( ! be/ examples ( ! application ( sci5tific discov]y to ! affairs ( e-day life is t ( ! ,,telephone4 ,x has rema9$ = our day to discov] ! possibility ( transmitt+ or reproduc+ ! human voice at a di/ance ( hundr$s or ev5 ?\s&s ( miles4 ,by means ( a simple contrivance1 a p]son 9 "o "p ( ! c\ntry is able to conv]se ) fri5ds 9 ano!r "p1 z if face to face4 ,! inv5tion ( ?is wond]ful in/rum5t is to be cr$it$ to ,pr(essor ,a4 ,graham ,bell1 ( ,massa*usetts1 & ,eli%a ,p4 ,gray1 ( ,*icago4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$1 also1 t ,pr(essor ,a4 ,c4 ,dolbe>1 ( ,tufts ,college1 & ! great inv5tor1 ,?omas ,a4 ,edison1 h succe$$ 9 ! production ( telephonic in/rum5ts4 #i4 ,ano!r rec5t inv5tion is ! ,,phonograph4 ,x is ! nature ( ! phonograph to receive & reta9 ! wave-l9es & figures ( s\nd1 :e!r ( ! human voice or "s o!r s\nd1 & by an +5i\s contrivance to reproduce ^? s\nds z if !y 7 ! orig9al utt]ance4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ?us f> ! phonograph has prov$ to be ( little or no practical utility4 #aj4 ,b p]haps ! greate/ inv5tion ( ! age is ! ,,electric ,,light4 ,ab\t #ahgj x 0 fir/ propos$ to use electricity = practical illum9ation4 ,long be=e ?is "t ! possibility ( electric light+ _h be5 %[n by ! philosoph] ,gramme1 ( ,p>is4 ,ab\t ! same "t ! ,russian sci5ti/1 ,jablok(f1 also succe$$ 9 conv]t+ electricity into light4 ,x rema9$1 h[ev]1 = ! great ,am]ican inv5tor1 ,?omas ,a4 ,edison1 to remove ! difficulties 9 ! way ( electric light+1 & to make ! inv5tion practical4 ,! sy/ems produc$ by him & o!rs are rapidly tak+ ! place ( ! old me?ods ( illum9ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,great ,public ,works4 #aa4 ,among ! great public works may be m5tion$ ! ,,ea/ ,,riv] ,,bridge1 jo9+ ,new ,york ) ,brooklyn1 :i* 0 op5$ ) appropriate c]emonies on ! #bd? ( ,may1 #ahhc4 ,?is /ructure is ! l>ge/ ( ! k9d 9 ! _w1 be+ a susp5sion bridge1 ) a total l5g? ( #e1ihi feet4 ,! span f pi] to pi] is #a1eie feet2 & ! e/imat$ capacity ( resi/ance is #di1bjj tons4 ,! eng9e] "u ^: direction ! great bridge 0 con/ruct$ 0 ,mr4 ,john ,a4 ,roebl+1 :o may prop]ly be reg>d$ z ! orig9ator ( wire susp5sion bridges4 ,?\gh he did n live to see ! completion ( ! "w :i* he _h plann$1 ! same 0 tak5 up & f9i%$ by 8 son1 sc>cely less not$ ?an 8 fa!r4 #ab4 ,! recurr5ce ( ! bir?day ( ,wa%+ton1 #ahhe1 0 not$ = ! completion ( ! great monum5t1 erect$ at ! ,capital1 9 honor ( ! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry4 ,! co/ ( ! complet$ /ructure 0 ab\t #a1ejj1jjj4 ,! %aft ( ! monum5t1 exclusive ( ! f\ndation1 is #eee feet 9 height1 be+ #cj feet high] ?an ! ca!dral ( ,cologne1 & #ge feet high] ?an ! pyramid ( ,*eops4 #ac4 ,9 ! la/ ye> ( ,ar?ur's adm9i/ration ! comm& ( ! army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 transf]r$ f ,g5]al ,william ,t4 ,%]man to ,g5]al ,philip ,h4 ,%]idan4 ,! =m] em95t soldi]1 hav+ rea*$ ! age at :i*1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 he might retire f active s]vice1 avail$ himself ( ! provision1 & laid d[n ! comm& :i* he _h s long & honorably held4 ,nor c\ld x be said t ! new ,g5]al1 to :om ! comm& ( ! ,am]ican army 0 n[ giv51 0 less a patriot & soldi] ?an 8 em95t pr$ecessor4 ,sid5ote3 ,disappe>ance ( ,political ,issues4 #ad4 ,dur+ ?is adm9i/ration !re 0 a gradual oblit]ation ( ^? %>ply def9$ issues :i* = a qu>t] ( a c5tury _h divid$ ! two great political p>ties4 ,p>tisan animosity 9 "s measure abat$1 & x 0 ) difficulty t ! manag]s 7 able to direct ! p 9 ! political conte/ ( #ahhd4 ,! issue mo/ cle>ly def9$ 0 t ( t>iff & free trade1 & ev5 ?is1 :5 mu* discuss$1 t5d$ to break up bo? ! exi/+ political organizations4 #ae4 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahhc _m di/+ui%$ m5 7 nam$ = ! presid5tial (fice4 ,! fir/ national conv5tion 0 t ( ! ,gre5back-,labor p>ty1 held at ,indianapolis1 9 ,april ( #ahhd4 ,by ?is p>ty1 ,g5]al ,b5jam9 ,f4 ,butl]1 ( ,massa*usetts1 & ,a4 ,n4 ,we/1 ( ,texas1 7 put 9 nom9ation4 ,! ,republican conv5tion met on ! #c;d ( ,june1 9 ,*icago1 &1 aft] a session ( ?ree days1 clos$ its labors by ! nom9ation ( ,james ,g4 ,bla9e1 ( ,ma9e1 & ,g5]al ,john ,a4 ,logan1 ( ,ill9ois4 ,! ,democratic conv5tion met 9 ! same city1 on ! #i? ( ,july1 & *ose = its /&>d-be>]s ,grov] ,clevel&1 ( ,new ,york1 & ,?omas ,a4 ,h5dricks1 ( ,indiana4 ,! result %[$ t ! ,democratic p>ty _h drawn to its bann]s a majority ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,clevel& & ,h5dricks 7 elect$1 receiv+ #bai ballots 9 ! ,electoral ,college1 aga9/ #ahb votes :i* 7 ca/ = ,bla9e & ,logan4 ,,*apt] ,,liv4 ,,clevel&',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahhe-ahhi4 ,! new ,presid5t 0 inaugurat$ on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #ahhe4 ,p]haps ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry has furni%$ no o!r example ( su* rapid rise to great di/9ction4 ,grov] ,clevel&1 tw5ty-second ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 born 9 ,caldwell1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,m>* #ah?1 #ahcg4 ,) 8 fa!r he remov$ to ,fayetteville1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahdj4 ,"h ! y\? grew to manhood4 ,8 education 0 obta9$ 9 ! common s*ools & academies ( ! neighborhood4 ,9 #aheg he remov$ to ,new ,york ,city1 & became a /ud5t ( law4 ,9 #ahei he 0 admitt$ to ! b>1 & f\r ye>s aft]w>ds 0 appo9t$ ,assi/ant ,di/rict ,attorney = ,erie ,c\nty4 ,9 #ahfi he 0 elect$ ,%]iff ( ! same c\nty1 & 9 #ahha he 0 *os5 mayor ( ,buffalo4 ,9 #ahhb he 0 elect$ gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 receiv+ = t (fice a plurality ( m ?an #aij1jjj votes4 ,be=e 8 t]m ( (fice _h expir$ he 0 call$ by ! voice ( 8 p>ty to be its /&>d-be>] 9 ! presid5tial campaign ( #ahhd1 9 :i* he 0 aga9 successful4 ,illu/ration3 ,grov] ,clevel&4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,orleans ,exposition4 #b4 ,! la/ mon?s ( ,ar?ur's & ! fir/ ( ,clevel&'s adm9i/ration 7 not$ = ! ,,int]national ,,cotton ,,exposition at ,new ,orleans4 ,?is1 aft] ! ,c5t5nial ,exposition ( #ahgf1 0 ! greate/ display ( ! k9d ev] held 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,exposition ext5d$ f ,decemb] ( #ahhd to ,june ( #ahhe1 & 0 daily att5d$ by ?\s&s ( visitors f all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & f _m =eign c\ntries4 ,! display 0 v>i$ & full ( int]e/4 ,int5d$1 9 ! fir/ place1 to exhibit ! wond]ful res\rces ( ! ,s\? 9 h] peculi> products1 ! exhibition 0 enl>g$ to include all bran*es ( production & e species ( me*anism & art4 ,among ! incid5tal b5efits ( ! ,exposition may be m5tion$ ! increas$ int]c\rse & consequ5t fri5dl9ess ( ! p ( ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates4 #c4 ,! fir/ ye> ( ,clevel&'s adm9i/ration 0 unev5tful4 ,! great "q be=e ! ,presid5t 0 t ( ! ,,re=m ,,( ,,! ,,civil ,,s]vice4 ,9 attempt+ to sub/itute a new s]ies ( rules = appo9tm5t to (fice1 by :i* ! p]sons appo9t$ %\ld be select$ r = _! fitness ?an = _! p>ty s]vices1 ! ,presid5t 0 greatly emb>rass$4 ,he f\nd t ! old =ces 9 ,am]ican politics 7 z active z ev]1 & t a re=m 0 almo/ impossible "u exi/+ conditions4 ,sid5ote3 ,labor ,agitations4 #d4 ,! fir/ great national ev5t ( ! ,clevel& adm9i/ration 0 t ( ! ,,labor ,,agitations1 :i* broke out 9 ! spr+ ( #ahhf4 ,x 0 n until aft] ! ,civil ,w> t ! fir/ symptoms appe>$ ( a r5ewal1 9 ! ,new ,_w1 ( ! /ruggle :i* has be5 long go+ on 9 ,europe betwe5 ,capital & ,labor4 ,! fir/ difficulties ( ?is sort 9 our c\ntry appe>$ 9 ! m9+ regions1 & 9 ! factories ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates4 ,! agitation soon spread to ! ,we/4 ,z e>ly z #ahfg ! peculi> me?od ( action1 call$ /rik+1 began among ! labor]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,an acc\nt ( ! great railroad /rike ( #ahgg has already be5 pres5t$4 7,pages #ccg & #cch47 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,s\?we/]n ,/rike4 #e4 ,at ! same "t monopolies sprang up & fl\ri%$2 &1 co9cid5t ) ?is1 ,am]ican labor discov]$ ! salut>y b dang]\s p[] ( comb9ation4 ,:5 ! trade season ( #ahhf op5$1 a s]ies ( /rikes & labor tr\bles broke out 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! cities & t[ns 7 mo/ involv$ 9 ^! agitations4 ,! fir/ s]i\s conflict 0 on :at is kn[n z ! ,g\ld ,sy/em ( ,railways1 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,a s+le workman1 belong+ to ! ,knights ( ,labor1 & employ$ on a bran* ( ! ,texas & ,pacific ,railway1 0 dis*>g$ f 8 place4 ,?is action 0 res5t$ by ! ,knights1 & ! labor]s on a great "p ( ! ,g\ld ,sy/em 7 ord]$ to /rike4 ,! movem5t 01 = a season1 successful1 & ! transportation ( freights f ,/4 ,l\is to ! ,s\?we/ ceas$4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 o!r workm5 7 sub/itut$ = ! /rik+ ,knights2 b ! end 0 n rea*$ until a sev]e riot 9 ,ea/ ,/4 ,l\is _h occasion$ ! sacrifice ( mu* prop]ty & sev]al innoc5t lives4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*icago ,an>*i/s4 #f4 ,f> m al>m+ 0 ! outbreak 9 ,*icago4 ,9 t city ! sociali/ic & an>*ic elem5ts 7 suffici5tly p[]ful to pres5t a bold front to ! au?orities4 ,processions be>+ r$ flags & bann]s1 ) communi/ic devices & mottoes1 frequ5tly p>ad$ ! /reets1 & 7 address$ by demagogues :o av[$ !mselves ! op5 enemies ( society & ! exi/+ ord]4 ,on ! #d? ( ,may1 #ahhf1 a va/ cr[d ( ?is reckless mat]ial collect$ 9 a place call$ ! ,haym>ket1 & 7 ab\t to beg9 ! usual inflammatory proce$+s1 :5 a b& ( policem51 mo/ly (fic]s1 drew ne>1 ) ! evid5t purpose ( controll+ or disp]s+ ! meet+4 #g4 ,a t]rible sc5e ensu$4 ,dynamite bombs 7 ?r[n f ! cr[d & explod$ among ! (fic]s1 sev]al ( :om 7 bl[n to pieces1 & o!rs %ock+ly mangl$4 ,! mob 01 9 turn1 attack$ by ! police1 & _m ( ! insurg5ts 7 %ot d[n4 ,ord] 0 pres5tly re/or$ 9 ! city2 sev]al ( ! lead+ an>*i/s 7 arre/$ on ! *>ge ( incit+ to murd]1 7 tri$1 condemn$1 & f\r ( !m execut$4 ,on ! day foll[+ ! ,*icago riot1 a simil>1 ?\gh less dang]\s1 outbreak1 :i* 0 suppress$ )\t s]i\s loss ( life1 occurr$ 9 ,milwaukee4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*>le/on ,e>?quake4 #h4 ,! summ] ( #ahhf is memorable on acc\nt ( ! great natural cata/rophe kn[n z ! ,,*>le/on ,,e>?quake4 ,on ! night ( ! #ca/ ( ,augu/1 at t5 m9utes be=e t5 o'clock1 )\t a mom5t's w>n+1 ! city ( ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c41 0 rock$ & r5t to its v f\ndations4 ,h>dly a build+ 9 ! limits ( ,*>le/on1 or 9 ! c\ntry surr\nd+1 escap$ s]i\s injury2 & p]haps "o half ( all 7 9 a /ate ( semi-wreck or total ru94 #i4 ,! :ole coa/ 9 ! c5tral region ( ! di/urbance 0 modifi$ ) respect to ! sea1 & ! ocean itself 0 ?r[n into turmoil = miles f ! %ore4 ,! p 9 ! city fl$ f _! fall+ h\ses to ! public squ>es & p>ks & f> into ! c\ntry4 ,afraid to return into ! ru9s1 !y ?rew up t5ts & light boo?s = protection1 & abode = weeks away f _! homes4 ,no?+ be=e 9 ! limits ( our k has be5 at all comp>able ) x 9 ext5t & viol5ce1 except ! great e>?quake ( ,new ,madrid 9 #ahaa4 #aj4 ,! disa/] to ,*>le/on s]v$ to br+ out "s ( ! bett] qualities ( our civilization4 ,p]sonal assi/ance & contributions f all qu>t]s p\r$ 9 = ! support & enc\ragem5t ( ! afflict$ p4 ,= sev]al weeks a s]ies ( dim9i%+ %ocks cont9u$ to t]rify ! citiz5s2 b x 0 discov]$ t ^! %ocks 7 only ! dy+ away ( ! great convulsion1 & t !y gave cause = hope ( entire cessation r ?an cont9u$ al>m4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few mon?s ! ru9s 7 cle>$ away1 bus9ess 0 resum$1 & ! p 7 aga9 safe 9 _! homes4 #aa4 ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #ahhg1 ! second session ( ! ,=ty-n9? ,congress expir$4 ,! "w ( ! body _h n be5 s fruitful ( results z _h be5 desir$ & anticipat$ by ! fri5ds ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,on ! "q ( ! t>iff no?+ ( value 0 accompli%$4 ,a measure ( ,,rev5ue ,,re=m _h be5 br\ght =w>d at an e>ly date 9 ! session1 b ! act fail$ ( adoption4 ,sid5ote3 ,p5sion ,legislation4 #ab4 ,on ! "q ( ,,ext5d+ ,,! ,,p5sion ,,li/1 h[ev]1 ! case 0 diff]5t4 ,a great majority ( bo? p>ties favor$ su* measures z look$ to ! increase ( b5efits to ! soldi]s4 ,at ! fir/1 only a limit$ numb] ( p5sions _h be5 grant$1 & ^! only to actually disabl$ or injur$ vet]ans ( ! ,w> = ! ,union4 ,b x became m & m important to ea* ( ! p>ties to secure & hold ! soldi] vote1 )\t :i* x 0 felt t nei!r c\ld ma9ta9 asc5d5cy 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,,arre>s ,,( ,,p5sions ,,act1 mak+ up to ^? :o 7 already recipi5ts ( p5sions su* am\nts z w\ld h accru$ if ! b5efit _h dat$ f ! "t ( disability1 in/ead ( f ! "t ( grant+ ! p5sion1 0 pass$ 9 #ahgi2 & at ! same "t ! li/ ( p5sion]s 0 greatly enl>g$4 #ac4 ,! measure pres5t$ 9 ! ,fiftie? ,congress 0 design$ to ext5d ! p5sion li/ s z to include all regul>ly enli/$ & honorably dis*>g$ soldi]s ( ! ,civil ,w>1 :o _h become 9 :ole1 or 9 "p1 dep5d5t ^u ! aid ( o!rs = _! ma9t5ance4 ,! measure 0 kn[n z ! ,,dep5d5t ,,p5sions ,,bill4 ,_m oppos$ ! enactm5t ( a law :i* appe>$ to give ! b\nty ( ! gov]nm5t to ! des]v+ & ! undes]v+ alike1 & to compel ! wor?y recipi5ts ( p5sions to rank !mselves ) ^? :o _h gone into ! army = pay1 & _h be5 br\ght to want ?r\gh improvid5ce4 ,a majority 0 easily obta9$ = ! measure 9 bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress1 & ! act 0 pass$4 ,presid5t ,clevel&1 h[ev]1 int]pos$ 8 veto1 & ! propos$ law fell to ! gr\nd4 #ad4 ,! mo/ important & not$ legislation ( ! session 0 ! act kn[n z ! ,,int]-,,/ate ,,comm]ce ,,bill4 ,= "s fifte5 ye>s compla9ts aga9/ ! me?ods & managem5t ( ! railways ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h be5 he>d on _m sides1 & 9 cases n a few ! compla9ts _h orig9at$ 9 actual abuses4 ,a l>ge class ( p became clamor\s t ,congress %\ld compel railways to accept a sy/em ( uni=mity z to all *>ges = s]vice r5d]$4 ,) ?is object 9 view ! ,int]-,/ate ,comm]ce ,bill 0 accord+ly prep>$1 & became a law4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,prom95t ,g5]als4 #ae4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahhe x became kn[n t ,g5]al ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant 0 /rick5 ) a fatal malady4 ,! ann\ncem5t at once drew to ! ,g5]al & ex-,presid5t ! int]e/ & sympa?ies ( ! :ole ,am]ican p4 ,! h]o ( ,vicksburg & ,appomattox sank "u ! ravages ( a malignant canc]1 :i* _h fix$ itself 9 8 ?roat4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,july1 #ahhe1 he expir$ at a summ] cottage on ,m\nt ,mc,gregor1 ,new ,york4 ,8 la/ days 7 hall[$ by ! love ( ! nation :i* he _h s glori\sly def5d$4 ,no fun]al we/ ( ! ,atlantic--n ev5 t ( ,l9coln--0 m univ]sally obs]v$4 ,! procession 9 ,new ,york ,city 0 p]haps z impos+ a pageant z 0 ev] exhibit$ 9 honor ( ! dead4 ,on ! #h? ( ,augu/ ! body ( ,g5]al ,grant 0 laid to re/ 9 ,riv]side ,p>k1 ov]look+ ! ,hudson4 ,!re1 on ! summit f :i* may be se5 ! great riv] & ! metropolis ( ! nation1 is ! tomb ( him ^: c\rage & magnanimity 9 w> w =ev] give him rank ) ! few ma/] spirits :o h honor$ ! human race & *ang$ ! c\rse ( hi/ory4 #af4 ,)9 sc>cely m ?an a ye> f ! fun]al ( ,grant sev]al o!r di/+ui%$ ,union ,g5]als fell4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,octob] ,g5]al ,george ,b4 ,mc,clellan di$ at 8 home at ,/4 ,cl\d1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,aft] ano!r brief int]val ,g5]al ,w9field ,s4 ,hancock1 s5ior ,major-,g5]al ( ! ,am]ican ,army1 brea!d 8 la/4 ,9 ! mean "t1 )9 a brief p]iod1 ,g5]als ,irw9 ,mc,dowell1 ,ambrose ,e4 ,burnside1 ,joseph ,hook]1 & ,george ,g4 ,meade1 ea* ( :om1 9 a critical p]iod ( ! w>1 _h comm&$ ! ,army ( ! ,potomac1 pass$ away4 ,be=e ! close ( #ahhf ,major-,g5]al ,john ,a4 ,logan1 greate/ ( ! volunte] comm&]s1 :o1 )\t previ\s milit>y education1 won = !mselves di/+ui%$ honors 9 ! ,w> = ! ,union1 fell sick & di$ at 8 home1 call$ ,calumet ,place1 9 ,wa%+ton ,city4 ,illu/ration3 ,?omas ,a4 ,h5dricks4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,prom95t ,civilians4 #ag4 ,9 ! mean "t1 sev]al di/+ui%$ civilians _h pass$ away4 ,on ! #be? ( ,novemb]1 #ahhe1 ,vice-presid5t ,?omas ,a4 ,h5dricks1 aft] an illness ( a s+le day1 di$ sudd5ly at 8 home 9 ,indianapolis4 ,! life ( ,mr4 ,h5dricks _h be5 "o ( s+ul> purity z well z ( greatness4 ,8 "* _h be5 not$ = its mildness & s]5ity 9 ! /ormy ar5a ( politics4 ,! goodness ( ! man 9 private life1 comb9$ ) 8 di/9ction z gov]nor1 s5ator1 & ,vice-presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 drew f ! p e evid5ce ( public & private respect = 8 memory4 ,! body ( ! dead /atesman 0 buri$ 9 ,cr[n ,hill cemet]y1 ne> ,indianapolis4 ,! fun]al pageant surpass$ 9 gr&eur any o!r display ( ! k9d ev] witness$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 except ! fun]al ( ,l9coln4 ,%ortly aft] 8 dea?1 ! funds 7 easily subscrib$ by ! p1 = ! erection ( ! magnific5t bronze monum5t & /atue /&+ at "o ( ! entrances to ! ,capitol ( ,indiana4 #ah4 ,! dea? ( ,h5dricks 0 soon foll[$ by t ( ,horatio ,seym\r1 ( ,new ,york4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,febru>y1 #ahhf1 ?is di/+ui%$ citiz51 :o _h be5 gov]nor ( ! ,empire ,/ate1 & a c&idate = ! ,presid5cy aga9/ ,g5]al ,grant1 di$ at 8 home 9 ,utica4 ,/ill m di/+ui%$ 9 reputation & ability 0 ,samuel ,j4 ,tild51 also ( ,new ,york1 :o di$ at 8 home1 call$ ,grey/one1 at ,yonk]s1 ne> ,new ,york ,city1 on ! #d? ( ,augu/1 #ahhf4 #ai4 ,to ?is li/ ( dea?s mu/ be add$ ! illu/ri\s "n ( ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]4 ,to him1 ) little res]vation1 mu/ be assign$ ! fir/ place among our orators & philan?ropi/s4 ,he _h ! happy =tune to reta9 8 faculties unimpair$ to ! close ( 8 c>e]4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #e? ( ,m>*1 #ahhg1 at 8 home 9 ,brooklyn1 he sank d[n "u a /roke ( apoplexy4 ,he 0 ne>+ ! close ( 8 sev5ty-f\r? ye>4 ,he liv$ until ! morn+ ( ! #h?1 & quietly ent]$ ! %ad[s4 ,he 0 foll[$ to ! grave by ! common eulogium ( mank9d1 & e circum/ance ( 8 pass+ away %[$ t he _h occupi$ ! supreme place among m5 ( 8 class 9 ,am]ica4 #bj4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,m>*1 #ahhh1 ,morrison ,r4 ,waite1 ,*ief-,ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 di$ at 8 home 9 ,wa%+ton ,city4 ,! dea? ( ?is able juri/ impos$ on ,presid5t ,clevel& ! duty ( nam+ 8 successor4 ,judge ,melville ,w4 ,full]1 ( ,*icago1 0 appo9t$1 & confirm$ on ! #cj? ( ,april1 #ahhh4 #ba4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ,clevel&'s adm9i/ration1 ! public m9d 0 sway$ & excit$ by ! movem5ts ( politics4 ,! univ]sality ( p>tisan newspap]s1 ! comb9ation 9 _! columns ( all ! news ( ! _w ) ! invectives & misrepres5tations ( p>ty lead]s1 kept political que/ions con/antly upp]mo/ to ! detrim5t ( social progress & indu/rial int]e/s4 ,sc>cely _h ,presid5t ,clevel& ent]$ ^u 8 (fice z *ief magi/rate :5 ! "q ( ! succession to ! ,presid5cy 0 agitat$4 #bb4 ,by ! la/ ye> ( ! adm9i/ration x 0 se5 t !re w\ld be no g5]al break-up ( ! exi/+ p>ties4 ,x 0 also p]ceiv$ t ! issues betwe5 !m mu/ be made r ?an f\nd 9 ! exi/+ /ate ( affairs4 ,! s5tim5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 favor ( ! ,con/itutional prohibition ( ! manufacture & sale ( intoxicat+ liquors _h become some:at ext5d$ & int5sifi$ s9ce ! la/ g5]al election4 ,b ! disc]n+ eye might p]ceive t ! real issue 0 betwe5 ! ,republican & ,democratic p>ties4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,protective ,t>iff4 #bc4 ,"o issue1 h[ev]1 _h a liv+ & practical relation to affairs1 & t 0 ! "q ( ,,protection ,,to ,,am]ican ,,indu/ry4 ,s9ce ! campaign ( #ahhd1 ! agitation _h be5 gradually ext5d$4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! session1 9 #ahhg1 ! ,presid5t1 9 8 annual message to ,congress1 devot$ ! :ole docum5t to ! discussion ( ! s+le "q ( a ,re=m ( ! ,rev5ue ,sy/em ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! exi/+ rates ( duty on import$ articles ( comm]ce _h s greatly augm5t$ ! income ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 t a l>ge surplus _h accumulat$ 9 ! treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is fact 0 made ! basis ( ! ,presid5t's argum5t 9 favor ( a new sy/em ( rev5ue1 or at lea/ an ample r$uction 9 ! t>iff rates "u ! old4 ,x 0 imm$iately *>g$ by ! ,republicans1 t ! project 9 "q meant ! sub/itution ( ! sy/em ( ,free ,trade 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z aga9/ ! sy/em ( protective duties4 ,! "q ?us involv$ 0 made ! bottom issue 9 ! ,presid5tial campaign ( #ahhh4 #bd4 ,! ,democratic ,national ,conv5tion 0 held 9 ,/4 ,l\is on ! #e? day ( ,june1 #ahhh1 & ,mr4 ,clevel& 0 r5om9at$ by acclamation4 ,= ! ,vice-presid5tial nom9ation ! *oice fell on ex-,s5ator ,all5 ,g4 ,?urman1 ( ,ohio4 ,! ,republican ,national ,conv5tion 0 held 9 ,*icago1 on ! #ai? day ( ,june4 ,_m c&idates 7 ard5tly press$ ^u ! body1 & ! conte/ 0 long & spirit$4 ,! vot+ 0 cont9u$ to ! eigh? ballot1 :5 ! *oice fell ^u ,b5jam9 ,h>rison1 ( ,indiana4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ,levi ,p4 ,morton1 ( ,new ,york1 0 nom9at$ = ! ,vice-presid5cy on ! fir/ ballot4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,p>ty ,plat=ms4 #be4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! ,prohibition p>ty _h held its ,national ,conv5tion at ,indianapolis1 & on ! #cj? ( ,may _h nom9at$ = ! ,presid5cy ,g5]al ,cl9ton ,b4 ,fisk1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 & = ! ,vice-presid5cy ,john ,a4 ,brooks1 ( ,miss\ri4 ,! ,democratic plat=m decl>$ = a re=m ( ! rev5ue sy/em ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & reaffirm$ ! pr9ciple ( adju/+ ! t>iff on imports ) /rict reg>d to ! actual ne$s ( gov]nm5tal exp5diture4 ,! ,republican plat=m decl>$ also = a re=m ( ! t>iff s*$ule1 b at ! same "t /\tly affirm$ ! ma9t5ance ( ! protective sy/em z a "p ( ! p]man5t policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,bo? p>ties def]r$ to ! patriotic s5tim5t ( ! c\ntry 9 favor ( ! soldi]s4 ,! ,prohibitioni/s ent]$ ! campaign1 on ! di/9ct proposition t ! manufacture & sale ( intoxicat+ liquors %\ld be prohibit$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,con/itutional am5dm5t4 ,to ?is 0 add$ a clause 9 favor ( ext5d+ ! "r ( suffrage to wom54 #bf4 ,z ! canvass progress$ dur+ ! summ] & autumn ( #ahhh1 x became evid5t t ! result 0 9 d\bt4 ,! conte/ 0 exce$+ly close4 ,! result %[$ success = ! ,republican c&idate4 ,he receiv$ #bcc electoral votes1 aga9/ #afh votes = ,mr4 ,clevel&4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 appe>$ to a bett] advantage on ! popul> c\nt1 hav+ a consid]able majority ov] ,g5]al ,h>rison4 ,g5]al ,fisk1 ! ,prohibition c&idate1 receiv$ ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ?\s& votes2 b1 "u ! sy/em ( vot+1 no electoral vote ( any ,/ate 0 obta9$ = him4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\r ,new ,/ates4 #bg4 ,! la/ days ( ,clevel&'s adm9i/ration & ( ! ,fiftie? ,congress 7 signaliz$ by ! admission into ! ,union ( ,,f\r ,,new ,,/ates1 mak+ ! numb] =ty-two4 ,9 #ahhg ! "q ( divid+ ,dakota ,t]ritory by a l9e runn+ ea/ & we/ 0 agitat$1 & ! measure f9ally prevail$4 ,/eps 7 tak5 by ! p ( bo? sections = admission into ! ,union4 ,montana1 ) h] #adf1jhj squ>e miles ( t]ritory1 _h mean:ile acquir$ a suffici5t population2 & ,wa%+ton ,t]ritory1 ) its area ( #fi1ahj squ>e miles1 also knock$ = admission4 ,9 ! clos+ days ( ! ,fiftie? ,congress a bill 0 pass$ rais+ all ( ^! f\r ,t]ritories--,s\? ,dakota1 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,montana1 & ,wa%+ton--to ! plane ( ,/atehood4 ,! ,act contemplat$ ! adoption ( ,/ate ,con/itutions1 & a proclamation ( admission by ! next ,presid5t4 ,x ?us happ5$ t ! honor ( br++ 9 ?is great addition to ! ,/ates ( ! ,union 0 divid$ betwe5 ! outgo+ & incom+ adm9i/rations4 ,sid5ote3 ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t4 #bh4 ,ano!r ,act ( ,congress 0 also ( national importance4 ,hi!rto ! gov]nm5t _h be5 adm9i/]$ ?r\gh sev5 dep>tm5ts1 at ! head ( ea* ( :i* 0 plac$ a ,cab9et (fic]1 ! sev5 toge!r con/itut+ ! advis]s ( ! ,presid5t4 ,e>ly 9 #ahhi a measure 0 br\ght =w>d 9 ,congress1 & adopt$1 = ! in/itution ( a new dep>tm5t1 to be call$ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,practically ! measure involv$ ! elevation ( :at _h previ\sly be5 an ,agricultural ,bureau 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 to ! rank ( a ,cab9et (fice4 ,hi!rto1 ?\gh agriculture has be5 ! greate/ ( all ! produc+ int]e/s ( ! p1 x has be5 neglect$ = m political & less useful dep>tm5ts ( ,am]ican life & ent]prise4 ,,*apt] ,,lv4 ,,h>rison',s ,,adm9i/ration1 #ahhi- ----4 ,b5jam9 ,h>rison1 tw5ty-?ird ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 born at ,nor? ,b5d1 ,ohio1 on ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 #ahcc4 ,he is a gr&son ( ,presid5t ,william ,h5ry ,h>rison1 & a great-gr&son ( ,b5jam9 ,h>rison1 sign] ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,b5jam9 ,h>rison4 #b4 ,h>rison's e>ly home 0 on a f>m4 ,he 0 a /ud5t at ! in/itution call$ ,f>m]s' ,college1 = two ye>s4 ,aft]w>ds1 he att5d$ ,miami ,univ]sity1 at ,ox=d1 ,ohio1 & 0 graduat$ !refrom 9 ,june1 #aheb4 ,he took 9 m>riage ! daught] ( ,dr4 ,john ,w4 ,scott1 ,presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,aft] a c\rse ( /udy1 he ent]$ ! pr(ession ( law1 remov$ to ,indianapolis1 & e/abli%$ himself 9 t city4 ,) ! outbreak ( ! w> he became a soldi] ( ! ,union1 & rose to ! rank ( ,brevet ,brigadi]-,g5]al ( ,volunte]s4 ,be=e ! close ( ! w>1 he 0 elect$ ,report] ( ! decisions ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,indiana4 #c4 ,9 ! p]iod foll[+ ! ,civil ,w>1 ,g5]al ,h>rison rose to di/9ction z a civilian4 ,9 #ahgf he 0 ! unsuccessful c&idate ( ! ,republican p>ty = gov]nor ( ,indiana4 ,9 #ahha he 0 elect$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 :]e he won ! reputation ( a lead] & /atesman4 ,9 #ahhd1 8 "n 0 prom95tly m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! ,presid5cy2 & 9 #ahhh x 0 f\nd t he1 m ?an any o!r1 comb9$ 9 himself all ! elem5ts ( a successful c&idate4 ,! ev5t ju/ifi$ ! *oice ( ! p>ty 9 mak+ him ! /&>d-be>] 9 ! ensu+ campaign4 #d4 ,g5]al ,h>rison 0 inaugurat$ ,presid5t on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #ahhi4 ,8 ,cab9et appo9tm5ts 7 z foll[s3 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,james ,g4 ,bla9e1 ( ,ma9e2 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 ,william ,w9dom1 ( ,m9nesota2 ,secret>y ( ,w>1 ,r$field ,proctor1 ( ,v]mont2 ,secret>y ( ! ,navy1 ,b5jam9 ,f4 ,tracy1 ( ,new ,york2 ,po/ma/]-,g5]al1 ,john ,wanamak]1 ( ,p5nsylvania2 ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 ,john ,w4 ,noble1 ( ,miss\ri2 ,attorney-,g5]al1 ,william ,h4 ,h4 ,mill]1 ( ,indiana2 & ,secret>y ( ,agriculture--! new dep>tm5t--,j]emiah ,rusk1 ( ,wiscons94 ,sid5ote3 ,affairs 9 ,oklahoma4 #e4 ,z ! m f]tile & accessible public l&s 9 ! ,mississippi valley 7 gradually tak5 up1 new settl]s began to ca/ envi\s eyes ^u ,indian ,t]ritory1 & especially ^u a c5tral region1 call$ ,oklahoma1 or ! beautiful c\ntry1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be v f]tile4 ,sev]al illegal attempts 7 made by b&s ( adv5tur]s to settle ^u ^! l&s1 & ! milit>y _h be5 employ$ to eject ! ,oklahoma ,boom]s1 z ! intrud]s 7 call$4 #f4 ,! ,indian title to ,oklahoma _h gradually be5 acquir$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & "o ( ! fir/ acts ( ,presid5t ,h>rison 0 to issue a proclamation decl>+ t ?is region1 embrac+ ne>ly #cjjj squ>e miles1 %\ld be ?r[n op5 to public settlem5t at noon ( ,april #bb1 #ahhi4 #g4 ,z ?is date approa*$1 settl]s to ! numb] ( ov] t5 ?\s& collect$ & =m$ camps along ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ,kansas1 &1 at ! h\r nam$1 made a wild race to ,oklahoma across ! int]v5+ /rip ( ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,t[ns 7 />t$ 9 sev]al localities1 & )9 a few days ! region _h a population ( m ?an #cj1jjj4 ,?\gh ! c\ntry prov$ some:at less f]tile ?an _h be5 suppos$1 ! new community cont9u$ to gr[1 & ! foll[+ ye>1 ) greatly enl>g$ b\nd>ies & a population ( #fb1jjj1 0 organiz$ z ! ,t]ritory ( ,oklahoma4 ,sid5ote3 ,c5t5nial ( ! ,republic4 #h4 ,)9 two mon?s aft] ,h>rison's inauguration occurr$ ! ,,c5t5nial ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,republic4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,april1 #aghi1 ! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry _h tak5 ! oa? ( (fice & ent]$ ^u 8 duties z fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! correspond+ date 9 #ahhi 0 fix$ ^u = ! c5t5nial celebration ( ! ev5t4 ,! holidays 9 ! metropolis includ$ ! #bi? & #cj? days ( ,april & ! #a/ day ( ,may4 ,! ev5t drew to ,new ,york ! l>ge/ conc\rse ( p ev] se5 at "o place )9 ! limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,fully half a million /rang]s visit$ ! city & 7 pres5t at ! c]emonies4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,samoan ,difficulty4 #i4 ,! close ( ! ye> #ahhh & ! beg9n+ ( #ahhi 7 m>k$ by a dang]\s complication betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,g]many relative to ! ,samoan ,isl&s4 ,9 ord] to settle ! difficulty1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates s5t ?ree commission]s to ,b]l91 to conf] ) ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t4 ,! result 0 :olly satisfactory to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! attitude & dem& ( ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t 9 favor ( ! indep5d5ce ( ,samoa1 "u its native sov]eign1 7 support$ by ! decision ( ! commission]s1 & ! difficulty end$ ) ! recognition ( ,k+ ,malietoa4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,john/[n ,inundation4 #aj4 ,! la/ week ( ,may1 #ahhi1 0 memorable 9 ! hi/ory ( our c\ntry = ! de/ruction ( ,john/[n1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,t city lay at ! junction ( a /ream1 kn[n z ! ,s\? ,=k1 ) ! ,conemaugh ,riv]4 ,sev]al miles up ! ,s\? ,=k "s weal?y fi%]m5 _h con/ruct$ a dam & a res]voir1 :]e ! wat]s _h accumulat$ 9 an imm5se volume4 ,! level ( ! lake 0 high above ! valley & ! city4 ,dur+ ! la/ days ( ,may heavy ra9s fell1 & ! c\ntry 0 inundat$4 ,on ! aft]noon ( ! #ca/ ( ! mon?1 ! dam :i* held ! lake 9 place 0 bur/ asund]1 & ! deluge ( wat]s p\r$ sudd5ly d[n ! valley4 ,ev]y?+ 0 swept away by ! flood4 ,john/[n1 a manufactur+ city1 0 totally wreck$1 & ?r[n 9 an indescribable mass aga9/ ! aqu$uct ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railway bel[ ! t[n4 ,"h ! ru9s caught fire1 & ! wild %rieks ( hundr$s ( mis]able victims 7 he>d above ! ro> ( ! deluge & ! conflagration4 ,! he>t ( ! nation respond$ quickly to ! suff]+s ( ! p1 & millions ( doll>s 9 money & supplies 7 p\r$ into ! ,conemaugh valley to relieve ! de/itution ( ^? :o surviv$ ! calamity4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,mc,kinley ,bill4 #aa4 ,! "w ( ! fifty-fir/ ,congress 0 m>k$ ) mu* p>tisan bitt]ness & excitem5t4 ,! fir/ "q :i* occupi$ ! att5tion ( ! body 0 ! revision ( ! t>iff4 ,on ?is "q ! political p>ties 7 /rongly oppos$ to ea* o!r4 ,! policy ( ! ,republican p>ty1 ?\gh ! plat=m ( #ahhh _h decl>$ = a revision ( ! t>iff1 0 favorable to ! p]petuation ( ! protective sy/em z a "p ( ! p]man5t policy ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,democrats favor$ a great r$uction 9 ! exi/+ rates ( duties1 & ! ultimate adoption ( ! pr9ciple ( free trade4 ,:at 0 kn[n z ! ,mc,kinley ,bill 0 introduc$ into ,congress1 & f9ally adopt$1 by :i* ! ,republican policy 0 incorporat$ z a "p ( ! gov]nm5tal sy/em4 ,! av]age rate ( import duties 0 rais$ f ab\t =ty-sev5 p] c5t4 to m ?an fifty-?ree p] c5t42 b 9 a few in/ances ! exi/+ duties 7 aboli%$1 & 9 ! case ( raw sug> a b\nty to ! produc]s 0 provid$ in/ead4 ,sid5ote3 ,c\nt+ a ,quorum4 #ab4 ,e>ly 9 ! session a s]i\s difficulty arose 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives betwe5 ! ,democrats & ! ,speak]1 ,?omas ,b4 ,re$1 ( ,ma9e4 ,! ,republican majority 9 ! ,h\se 0 n l>ge1 & ! m9ority 7 easily able 9 matt]s ( p>ty legislation to break ! quorum by refus+ to vote4 ,9 ord] to c\nt]act ?is policy1 a new sy/em ( rules 0 report$ emp[]+ ! ,speak] to c\nt ! m9ority z pres5t :e!r vot+ or n1 & ?us to compel a quorum4 ,^! rules 7 viol5tly resi/$ by ! ,democrats1 & ,speak] ,re$ 0 d5\nc$ by 8 oppon5ts z an unju/ (fic]4 ,x 0 "u ! provision ( ! new rule t ne>ly all ( ! p>ty measures ( ! fifty-fir/ ,congress 7 adopt$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,=ce ,bill4 #ac4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ^! 0 ! attempt to pass ?r\gh ,congress :at 0 kn[n z ! ,=ce ,bill1 by :i* x 0 propos$ to transf] ! control ( ! ,congressional elections 9 ! ,/ates ( ! ,union1 f ,/ate to ,national au?ority4 ,?is measure provok$ ! /ronge/ opposition1 "p ( :i* arose )9 ! ,republican p>ty4 ,9 ! ,s5ate c]ta9 ,republicans refus$ to support ! bill1 & x 0 f9ally laid aside = ! consid]ation ( o!r bus9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,free ,co9age ( ,silv]4 #ad4 ,a ?ird measure 0 ! attempt to re/ore silv] to a p]fect equality ) gold 9 ! co9age ( ! c\ntry4 ,s9ce #ahgd !re _h be5 an increas+ diff]5ce 9 ! pur*as+ p[] ( ! two money metals ( ! c\ntry4 ,t is1 ! pur*as+ p[] ( gold _h1 9 ! la/ fifte5 ye>s1 ris5 ab\t fifte5 p] c5t41 :ile ! pur*as+ p[] ( silv] _h fall5 ab\t five p] c5t4 9 ! m>kets ( ! _w4 ,"o class ( !ori/s1 assum+ t gold is ! only inv>iable /&>d ( values1 insi/$ t ?is diff]5ce 9 ! pur*as+ p[] ( ! two metals _h ris5 :olly f a depreciation 9 ! price ( silv]2 :ile ! oppos+ class argu$ t ! diff]5ce _h aris5 mo/ l>gely f an increase 9 ! pur*as+ p[] ( gold1 & t equal legislation & equal favor %[n to ! two money metals w\ld br+ !m to p>1 ! "o ) ! o!r1 & keep !m 9 t relation 9 ! m>kets ( ! _w4 #ae4 ,! advocates ( free co9age claim$ t ! laws discrim9at+ aga9/ silv] & 9 favor ( gold 7 impolitic1 unju/1 & un-,am]ican4 ,!y urg$ t ! free co9age ( silv] w\ld be ( va/ advantage to ! f9ancial int]e/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is view1 h[ev]1 0 /rongly oppos$ by ! money c5t]s & by ! fund-hold+ classes1 to :om ! paym5t ( all debts accord+ to ! highe/ /&>d ( value--t is1 9 gold only--0 a fundam5tal pr9ciple4 ,a bill = ! free co9age ( silv] 0 pass$ by ! ,s5ate1 b reject$ by ! ,h\se1 & ! "q 0 h&$ ov] to ! next ,congress4 ,sid5ote3 ,idaho & ,wyom+4 #af4 ,?is ,congress pass$ ! necess>y acts = ! admission ( ,idaho & ,wyom+ z ! =ty-?ird & =ty-f\r? ,/ates respectively4 ,idaho 0 admitt$ ) a population ( #hd1che1 on ! #c;d ( ,july1 #ahij2 :ile on ! #aj? ( ! same mon? #fj1gje s\ls 7 add$ to ! ,union ) ! ,/ate ( ,wyom+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,elev5? ,c5sus4 #ag4 ,! ,elev5? ,dec5nial ,c5sus ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 tak5 9 ,june1 #ahij4 ,its results indicat$ t ! population ( ! c\ntry _h increas$ to #fb1fbb1bej1 exclusive ( ,indians n tax$1 & :ites 9 ,alaska & ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,^! swell ! gr& total to ab\t #fc1jjj1jjj s\ls4 ,indiana 0 f\nd to conta9 #b1aie1djd inhabitants1 & to include1 ne> ! hamlet ( ,we/port 9 ,decatur ,c\nty1 ! c5t] ( population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,g5]al ,%]idan4 #ah4 ,mean:ile ?ree o!r great lead]s ( ! ,civil ,w> pass$ away by dea?4 ,on ! #e? ( ,augu/1 #ahhh1 ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ,%]idan1 at t "t ,comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,am]ican army1 di$ at 8 home 9 ,nonquitt1 ,massa*usetts4 ,few o!r g5]als ( ! ,union army _h won great] admiration & high] honors4 ,he 0 9 _m s5ses a model soldi]1 & 8 dea? at ! comp>atively e>ly age ( fifty-sev5 0 ! occasion ( great grief ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,g5]al ,%]man4 #ai4 ,/ill m conspicu\s 0 ! fall ( ,g5]al ,william ,t4 ,%]man4 ,among ! ,union comm&]s 9 ! great ,civil ,w> he /ood easily next to ,grant 9 greatness & reputation4 ,9 va/ & v>i$ abilities1 p>ticul>ly 9 milit>y accompli%m5t1 he 0 p]haps sup]ior to all4 ,born 9 #ahbj1 he rea*$ ! mature age ( sev5ty-"o1 & di$ at 8 home 9 ,new ,york on ! #ad? day ( ,febru>y1 #ahia4 ,! ev5t produc$ a pr(\nd impression4 ,%]man1 m ?an any o!r great milit>y capta9 ( 8 "t1 _h %unn$ & put aside political ambition4 ,( 8 /]l+ patriotism !re 0 nev] a d\bt4 ,z to 8 wond]ful abilities1 all m5 7 agre$4 ,8 rema9s 7 tak5 "u escort f ,new ,york to ,/4 ,l\is1 :]e !y 7 deposit$ 9 ! family bury+ gr\nds 9 ,m\nt ,calv>y cemet]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,g5]al ,john/on4 #bj4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,g5]al ,%]man1 only two comm&]s ( ! fir/ class rema9$ on ! /age ( action f ! great ,civil ,w>--bo? ,conf$]ates4 ,^! 7 ,g5]als ,joseph ,e4 ,john/on & ,james ,long/reet4 ,! =m] ( ^! 0 de/9$ to foll[ 8 rival & conqu]or at an e>ly day to ! l& ( re/4 ,g5]al ,john/on1 :o _h be5 an honor>y pall be>] at ! fun]al ( ,%]man1 contract$ a heavy cold on t occasion1 :i* result$ 9 8 dea? on ! #bj? ( ,febru>y1 #ahia1 at 8 home 9 ,wa%+ton ,city4 ,g5]al ,john/on 0 9 8 eighty-?ird ye> at ! "t ( 8 decease4 ,among ! ,conf$]ate comm&]s none 7 8 sup]iors1 ) ! s+le exception ( ,lee4 ,aft] ! close ( ! w>1 8 conduct _h be5 ( a k9d to w9 ! confid5ce ( ,union m52 & at ! "t ( 8 dea? he 0 held 9 almo/ univ]sal honor4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,new ,orleans ,massacre4 #ba4 ,9 ,febru>y ( #ahia a s]i\s ev5t occurr$ 9 ! city ( ,new ,orleans4 ,!re exi/$ 9 t metropolis a secret social organization among ! ,italians1 kn[n z ! ,mafia ,society4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! bro!rhood involv$ mutual protection & ev5 ! law ( rev5ge aga9/ enemies4 ,sev]al breaks occurr$ betwe5 memb]s ( ! society & ! police au?orities ( ! city1 & ! latt]1 by arre/ & prosecution1 incurr$ ! dislike & hatr$ ( ! =m]4 ,! difficulty grew until at l5g? ,capta9 ,david ,c4 ,h5nessey1 *ief ( ! police1 0 assass9at$ by "s secret murd]] or murd]]s1 :o = ! "t escap$ detection4 ,x 0 believ$1 h[ev]1 t ! ,mafia ,society 0 at ! bottom ( ! assass9ation1 & sev]al memb]s ( ! bro!rhood 7 arre/$ "u ! *>ge ( murd]4 #bb4 ,a trial foll[$1 & ! circum/ances t5d$ to e/abli% ! guilt ( ! prison]s4 ,b ! pro( 0 n positive1 & ! fir/ ?ree ( ^? on trial 7 acquitt$4 ,a great excitem5t foll[$ ?is decision1 & *>ges 7 publi%$ t ! jury _h be5 brib$ or t]roriz$ ) ?reats into mak+ a false v]dict4 ,on ! foll[+ day a public meet+ 0 call$1 & a great cr[d ga!r$ ar\nd ! /atue ( ,h5ry ,clay1 /&+ 9 "o ( ! public squ>es4 ,spee*es 7 made4 ,a mob 0 organiz$ & direct$ aga9/ ! jail :]e ! ,italian prison]s 7 conf9$4 ,! jail 0 ent]$ by =ce4 ,! prison]s 7 driv5 f _! cells1 & n9e ( !m 7 %ot to dea? 9 ! c\rt ( ! prison4 ,two o!rs 7 dragg$ =? & hang$4 ,nor c x be d\bt$ t ! innoc5t z well z ! guilty suff]$ 9 ! slaught]4 #bc4 ,! ev5t 0 foll[$ by int5se public excitem5t4 ,! affair became ( national1 & !n ( int]national1 importance4 ,! ,italian m9i/]1 ,b>on ,fava1 at ,wa%+ton1 ent]$ 8 solemn prote/ aga9/ ! kill+ ( 8 c\ntrym51 & ! ,am]ican ,secret>y ( ,/ate communicat$ ) ,k+ ,humb]t on ! subject4 ,! ,italian societies 9 o!r ,am]ican cities pass$ angry resolutions aga9/ ! de/ruction ( _! fell[-c\ntrym5 by ! mob2 & ! newspap]s ( ! c\ntry teem$ ) discussions ( ! subject4 ,?reats ( w> 7 he>d betwe5 ,italy & ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b ! m ?\ghtful look$ ) confid5ce to ! settlem5t ( ! "q by peaceable means4 #bd4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,our ,,c\ntry has ?us be5 trac$ f ! times ( ! aborig9es to ! pres5t day4 ,! /ory is done4 ,! ,republic has pass$ ?r\gh /ormy times1 b has at la/ ent]$ h] second c5tury 9 safety & peace4 ,! cl\ds t 7 rec5tly s black ov]head h brok51 & are s9k+ beh9d ! horizon4 ,! equality ( all m5 be=e ! law has be5 writt5 ) ! iron p5 ( w> 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,nation4 ,! ,union ( ! ,/ates has be5 consecrat$ anew by ! blood ( patriots & ! te>s ( ! l[ly4 ,! temple ( fre$om re>$ by our fa!rs /ill /&s 9 undim9i%$ glory4 ,,! ,,pa/ ,,has ,,taught ,,its ,,lesson2 ,,! ,,pres5t ,,has ,,its ,,duty2 ,,& ,,! ,,future ,,its ,,hope4 ,,review ,,que/ions4--,,"p ,,vii4 ,,*apt] ,l4 #a4 ,tell ab\t ! ?irte5? am5dm5t4 #b4 ,trace ! recon/ruction measures ( ,presid5t ,johnson's adm9i/ration4 #c4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! pur*ase ( ,alaska4 #d4 ,tell ab\t ! ,atlantic cable4 ,,*apt] ,,li4 #e4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! adoption ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? am5dm5ts4 #f4 ,detail ! ,alabama ,claims controv]sy & tell h[ x 0 settl$4 #g4 ,tell ab\t ! great fires ( #ahga-gb4 #h4 ,outl9e ! ,indian tr\bles ) ! ,modocs & ! ,si\x4 #i4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! ,cr$it ,mobili]4 #aj4 ,tell ab\t ! ,c5t5nial exposition4 #aa4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! conte/$ election ( #ahgf1 & h[ x 0 adju/$4 ,,*apt] ,,lii4 #ab4 ,tell ab\t ! railroad /rikes 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,presid5t ,hayes's adm9i/ration4 #ac4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! tr\bles ) ! ,nez ,p]c ,indians4 #ad4 ,give ! lead+ ,congressional measures ( ^! f\r ye>s4 #ae4 ,tell ab\t ,g5]al ,grant's t\r ar\nd ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,liii4 #af4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! presid5cy & dea? ( ,g>field4 #ag4 ,outl9e ! presid5cy ( ,ar?ur & ! progress ( appli$ sci5ce dur+ 8 t]m ( (fice4 ,,*apt] ,,liv4 #ah4 ,/ate ! g5]al condition & trace ! measures ( ,clevel&'s adm9i/ration4 #ai4 ,tell ab\t ! ,*>le/on e>?quake4 #bj4 ,:at great lead]s ( ! ,civil ,w> di$ dur+ ^! f\r ye>s8 ,,*apt] ,,lv4 #ba4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! election ( ,presid5t ,h>rison1 & ( 8 entrance ^u (fice4 #bb4 ,summ>ize ! lead+ ev5ts :i* h occurr$ dur+ 8 adm9i/ration4 ,,app5dix4 ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,we1 ! ,p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to =m a m p]fect union1 e/abli% ju/ice1 insure dome/ic tranquillity1 provide = ! common def5se1 promote ! g5]al welf>e1 & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity1 d orda9 & e/abli% ?is ,con/itution = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,,article ,i4 ,,section #a4--;,all legislative p[]s h]e9 grant$ %all be ve/$ 9 a ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* %all consi/ ( a ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,,sec4 #b4--,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all be compos$ ( memb]s *os5 e second ye> by ! p ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 & ! electors 9 ea* ,/ate %all h ! qualifications requisite = electors ( ! mo/ num]\s bran* ( ! ,/ate legislature4 ,no p]son %all be a repres5tative :o %all n h atta9$ to ! age ( tw5ty-five ye>s1 & be5 sev5 ye>s a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & :o %all n1 :5 elect$1 be an inhabitant ( t ,/ate 9 :i* he %all be *os54 ,repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is ,union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,! actual enum]ation %all be made )9 ?ree ye>s aft] ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & )9 e subsequ5t t]m ( t5 ye>s1 9 su* mann] z !y %all by law direct4 ,! numb] ( repres5tatives %all n exce$ "o = e ?irty ?\s&2 b ea* ,/ate %all h at lea/ "o repres5tative2 & until su* enum]ation %all be made1 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,hamp%ire %all be entitl$ to *oose ?ree2 ,massa*usetts1 eight2 ,rhode ,isl& & ,provid5ce ,plantations1 "o2 ,connecticut1 five2 ,new ,york1 six2 ,new ,j]sey1 f\r2 ,p5nsylvania1 eight2 ,delaw>e1 "o2 ,m>yl&1 six2 ,virg9ia1 t52 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 five2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 five2 & ,georgia1 ?ree4 ,:5 vacancies happ5 9 ! repres5tation f any ,/ate1 ! executive au?ority !re( %all issue writs ( election to fill su* vacancies4 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all *oose _! speak] & o!r (fic]s2 & %all h ! sole p[] ( impea*m5t4 ,,sec4 #c4--,! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be compos$ ( two s5ators f ea* ,/ate1 *os5 by ! legislature !re(1 = six ye>s2 & ea* s5ator %all h "o vote4 ,imm$iately aft] !y %all be assembl$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! fir/ election1 !y %all be divid$1 z equally z may be1 into ?ree classes4 ,! seats ( ! s5ators ( ! fir/ class %all be vacat$ at ! expiration ( ! second ye>2 ( ! second class1 at ! expiration ( ! f\r? ye>2 & ( ! ?ird class at ! expiration ( ! six? ye>1 s t "o ?ird may be *os5 e second ye>2 & if vacancies happ51 by resignation or o!rwise1 dur+ ! recess ( ! legislature ( any ,/ate1 ! executive !re( may make tempor>y appo9tm5ts until ! next meet+ ( ! legislature :i* %all !n fill su* vacancies4 ,no p]son %all be a s5ator :o %all n h atta9$ to ! age ( ?irty ye>s1 & be5 n9e ye>s a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & :o %all n1 :5 elect$1 be an inhabitant ( t ,/ate = :i* he %all be *os54 ,! ,vice-presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 b %all h no vote1 unless !y be equally divid$4 ,! ,s5ate %all *oose _! o!r (fic]s1 & also a presid5t pro tempore1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! ,vice-presid5t1 or :5 he %all ex]cise ! (fice z ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,s5ate %all h ! sole p[] to try all impea*m5ts4 ,:5 sitt+ = t purpose1 !y %all be on oa? or affirmation4 ,:5 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is tri$1 ! *ief-ju/ice %all preside2 & no p]son %all be convict$ )\t ! concurr5ce ( two ?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t4 ,judgm5t1 9 cases ( impea*m5t1 %all n ext5d fur!r ?an to removal f (fice1 & disqualification to hold & enjoy any (fice ( honor1 tru/1 or pr(it "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b ! p>ty convict$ %all1 nev]!less1 be liable & subject to indictm5t1 trial1 judgm5t1 & puni%m5t1 accord+ to law4 ,,sec4 #d4--,! times1 places1 & mann] ( hold+ elections = s5ators & repres5tatives %all be prescrib$ 9 ea* ,/ate by ! legislature !re(2 b ! ,congress may1 at any "t1 by law1 make or alt] su* regulations1 except z to ! places ( *oos+ s5ators4 ,! ,congress %all assemble at lea/ once 9 e ye>2 & su* meet+ %all be on ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,decemb]1 unless !y %all by law appo9t a diff]5t day4 ,,sec4 #e4--;,ea* h\se %all be ! judge ( ! elections1 returns1 & qualifications ( its own memb]s2 & a majority ( ea* %all con/itute a quorum to d bus9ess2 b a small] numb] may adj\rn f day to day1 & may be au?oriz$ to compel ! att5dance ( abs5t memb]s1 9 su* mann] & "u su* p5alties z ea* h\se may provide4 ,ea* h\se may det]m9e ! rules ( its proce$+s1 puni% its memb]s = disord]ly behavior1 &1 ) ! concurr5ce ( two ?irds1 expel a memb]4 ,ea* h\se %all keep a j\rnal ( its proce$+s1 & f "t to "t publi% ! same1 except+ su* p>ts z may 9 _! judgm5t require secrecy2 & ! yeas & nays ( ! memb]s ( ei!r h\se1 on any "q1 %all1 at ! desire ( "o fif? ( ^? pres5t1 be ent]$ on ! j\rnal4 ,nei!r h\se1 dur+ ! session ( ,congress1 %all1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! o!r1 adj\rn = m ?an ?ree days1 nor to any o!r place ?an t 9 :i* ! two h\ses %all be sitt+4 ,,sec4 #f4--,! s5ators & repres5tatives %all receive a comp5sation = _! s]vices1 to be asc]ta9$ by law1 & paid out ( ! treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y %all1 9 all cases except treason1 felony1 & brea* ( ! peace1 be privileg$ f arre/ dur+ _! att5dance on ! session ( _! respective h\ses1 & 9 go+ to & return+ f ! same2 &1 = any spee* or debate 9 ei!r h\se1 !y %all n be que/ion$ 9 any o!r place4 ,no s5ator or repres5tative %all1 dur+ ! "t = :i* he 0 elect$1 be appo9t$ to any civil (fice "u ! au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* %all h be5 creat$1 or ! emolum5ts :]e( %all h be5 increas$1 dur+ su* "t2 & no p]son hold+ any (fice "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be a memb] ( ei!r h\se dur+ 8 cont9uance 9 (fice4 ,,sec4 #g4--;,all bills = rais+ rev5ue %all orig9ate 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 b ! ,s5ate may propose or concur ) am5dm5ts1 z on o!r bills4 ,e bill :i* %all h pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,s5ate1 %all1 be=e x become a law1 be pres5t$ to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 if he approve he %all sign x2 b if n1 he %all return x1 ) 8 objections1 to t h\se 9 :i* x %all h orig9at$1 :o %all ent] ! objections at l>ge on _! j\rnal1 & proce$ to reconsid] x4 ,if1 aft] su* reconsid]ation1 two ?irds ( t h\se %all agree to pass ! bill1 x %all be s5t1 toge!r ) ! objections1 to ! o!r h\se1 by :i* x %all likewise be reconsid]$1 &1 if approv$ by two ?irds ( t h\se1 x %all become a law4 ,b1 9 all su* cases1 ! votes ( bo? h\ses %all be det]m9$ by yeas & nays2 & ! names ( ! p]sons vot+ = & aga9/ ! bill %all be ent]$ on ! j\rnal ( ea* h\se respectively4 ,if any bill %all n be return$ by ! ,presid5t )9 t5 days 7,sundays except$7 aft] x %all h be5 pres5t$ to him1 ! same %all be a law 9 l mann] z if he _h sign$ x1 unless ! ,congress by _! adj\rnm5t prev5t its return1 9 :i* case x %all n be a law4 ,e ord]1 resolution1 or vote1 to :i* ! concurr5ce ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives may be necess>y 7except on a "q ( adj\rnm5t71 %all be pres5t$ to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &1 be=e ! same %all take effect1 %all be approv$ by him1 or1 be+ disapprov$ by him1 %all be repass$ by two ?irds ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 accord+ to ! rules & limitations prescrib$ 9 ! case ( a bill4 ,,sec4 #h4--,! ,congress %all h p[]3-- ,to lay & collect taxes1 duties1 impo/s1 & excises1 to pay ! debts1 & provide = ! common def5se & g5]al welf>e1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b all duties1 impo/s1 & excises %all be uni=m ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,to borr[ money on ! cr$it ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,to regulate comm]ce ) =eign nations1 & among ! sev]al ,/ates1 & ) ! ,indian tribes3 ,to e/abli% a uni=m rule ( naturalization1 & uni=m laws on ! subject ( bankruptcies ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,to co9 money1 regulate ! value !re(1 & ( =eign co91 & fix ! /&>d ( weights & measures3 ,to provide = ! puni%m5t ( c\nt]feit+ ! securities & curr5t co9 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,to e/abli% po/-(fices & po/-roads3 ,to promote ! progress ( sci5ce & useful arts1 by secur+ = limit$ times1 to au?ors & inv5tors1 ! exclusive "r to _! respective writ+s & discov]ies3 ,to con/itute tribunals inf]ior to ! ,supreme ,c\rt3 ,to def9e & puni% piracies & felonies committ$ on ! high seas1 & (f5ses aga9/ ! law ( nations3 ,to decl>e w>1 grant lett]s ( m>que & reprisal1 & make rules conc]n+ captures on l& & wat]3 ,to raise & support armies2 b no appropriation ( money to t use %all be = a long] t]m ?an two ye>s3 ,to provide & ma9ta9 a navy3 ,to make rules = ! gov]nm5t & regulation ( ! l& & naval =ces3 ,to provide = call+ =? ! militia to execute ! laws ( ! ,union1 suppress insurrections1 & repel invasions3 ,to provide = organiz+1 arm+1 & discipl9+ ! militia1 & = gov]n+ su* "p ( !m z may be employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 res]v+ to ! ,/ates respectively ! appo9tm5t ( ! (fic]s1 & ! au?ority ( tra9+ ! militia accord+ to ! discipl9e prescrib$ by ,congress3 ,to ex]cise exclusive legislation1 9 all cases :atsoev]1 ov] su* di/rict 7n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e7 z may1 by cession ( p>ticul> ,/ates1 & ! acceptance ( ,congress1 become ! seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to ex]cise l au?ority ov] all places pur*as$ by ! cons5t ( ! legislature ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! same %all be1 = ! erection ( =ts1 magaz9es1 ars5als1 docky>ds1 & o!r ne$ful build+s3--,& ,to make all laws :i* %all be necess>y & prop] = c>ry+ into execution ! =ego+ p[]s1 & all o!r p[]s ve/$ by ?is ,con/itution 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 any dep>tm5t or (fic] !re(4 ,,sec4 #i4--,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons1 z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress prior to ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight2 b a tax1 or duty1 may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,! privilege ( ! writ ( habeas corpus %all n be susp5d$1 unless :5 9 cases ( rebellion or invasion ! public safety may require x4 ,no bill ( atta9d] or ex po/ facto law %all be pass$4 ,no capitation or o!r direct tax %all be laid1 unless 9 proportion to ! c5sus1 or enum]ation1 h]e9be=e direct$ to be tak54 ,no tax or duty %all be laid on articles export$ f any ,/ate4 ,no pref]5ce %all be giv5 by any regulation ( comm]ce or rev5ue to ! ports ( "o ,/ate ov] ^? ( ano!r2 nor %all vessels b\nd to or f "o ,/ate be oblig$ to ent]1 cle>1 or pay duties1 9 ano!r4 ,no money %all be drawn f ! treasury b 9 consequ5ce ( appropriations made by law2 & a regul> /atem5t & acc\nt ( ! receipts & exp5ditures ( all public money %all be publi%$ f "t to "t4 ,no title ( nobility %all be grant$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & no p]son hold+ any (fice ( pr(it or tru/ "u !m %all1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! ,congress1 accept ( any pres5t1 emolum5t1 (fice1 or title ( any k9d :atev]1 f any k+1 pr9ce1 or =eign /ate4 ,,sec4 #aj4--,no /ate %all ent] into any treaty1 alliance1 or conf$]ation2 grant lett]s ( m>que & reprisal2 co9 money2 emit bills ( cr$it2 make any ?+ b gold & silv] co9 a t5d] 9 paym5t ( debts2 pass any bill ( atta9d]1 ex po/ facto law1 or law impair+ ! obligation ( contracts2 or grant any title ( nobility4 ,no ,/ate %all1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! ,congress1 lay any impo/s or duties on imports or exports1 except :at may be absolutely necess>y = execut+ its inspection laws2 & ! net produce ( all duties & impo/s laid by any ,/ate on imports or exports1 %all be = ! use ( ! treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & all su* laws %all be subject to ! revision & control ( ! ,congress4 ,no ,/ate %all1 )\t ! cons5t ( ,congress1 lay any duty ( tonnage1 keep troops or %ips ( w> 9 "t ( peace1 ent] into any agreem5t or compact ) ano!r ,/ate or ) a =eign p[]1 or engage 9 w>1 unless actually invad$1 or 9 su* imm95t dang] z w n admit ( delay4 ,,article ,,ii4 ,,section #a4--,! executive p[] %all be ve/$ 9 a ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,he %all hold 8 (fice dur+ ! t]m ( f\r ye>s1 & toge!r ) ! ,vice-presid5t1 *os5 = ! same t]m1 be elect$ z foll[s3-- ,ea* ,/ate %all appo9t1 9 su* mann] z ! legislature !re( may direct1 a numb] ( electors equal to ! :ole numb] ( s5ators & repres5tatives to :i* ! ,/ate may be entitl$ 9 ! ,congress2 b no s5ator or repres5tative1 or p]son hold+ an (fice ( tru/ or pr(it "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be appo9t$ an elector4 ,! electors %all meet 9 _! respective ,/ates1 & vote by ballot = two p]sons1 ( :om "o1 at lea/1 %all n be an inhabitant ( ! same ,/ate ) !mselves4 ,& !y %all make a li/ ( all ! p]sons vot$ =1 & ( ! numb] ( votes = ea*2 :i* li/ !y %all sign & c]tify1 & transmit seal$ to ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 direct$ to ! presid5t ( ! ,s5ate4 ,! presid5t ( ! ,s5ate %all1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 op5 all ! c]tificates2 & ! votes %all !n be c\nt$4 ,! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes %all be ! ,presid5t1 if su* numb] be a majority ( ! :ole numb] ( electors appo9t$2 & if !re be m ?an "o :o h su* majority1 & h an equal numb] ( votes1 !n ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all imm$iately *oose1 by ballot1 "o ( !m = ,presid5t2 & if no p]son h a majority1 !n1 f ! five highe/ on ! li/1 ! said h\se %all1 9 l mann]1 *oose ! ,presid5t4 ,b1 9 *oos+ ! ,presid5t1 ! votes %all be tak5 by ,/ates1 ! repres5tation f ea* ,/ate hav+ "o vote2 a quorum = ?is purpose %all consi/ ( a memb] or memb]s f two ?irds ( ! ,/ates2 & a majority ( all ! ,/ates %all be necess>y to a *oice4 ,9 e case1 aft] ! *oice ( ! ,presid5t1 ! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes ( ! electors %all be ,vice-presid5t4 ,b1 if !re %\ld rema9 two or m :o h equal votes1 ! ,s5ate %all *oose f !m1 by ballot1 ! ,vice-presid5t4 ,! ,congress may det]m9e ! "t ( *oos+ ! electors1 & ! day on :i* !y %all give _! votes2 :i* day %all be ! same ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no p]son except a natural born citiz51 or a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ! "t ( ! adoption ( ?is ,con/itution1 %all be eligible to ! (fice ( ,presid5t2 nei!r %all any p]son be eligible to t (fice :o %all n h atta9$ to ! age ( ?irty-five ye>s1 & be5 f\rte5 ye>s a resid5t )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 case ( ! removal ( ! ,presid5t f (fice1 or ( 8 dea?1 resignation1 or inability to dis*>ge ! p[]s or duties ( ! said (fice1 ! same %all devolve on ! ,vice-presid5t2 & ! ,congress may1 by law1 provide = ! case ( removal1 dea?1 resignation1 or inability1 bo? ( ! ,presid5t & ,vice-presid5t1 decl>+ :at (fic] %all !n act z ,presid5t2 & su* (fic] %all act accord+ly1 until ! disability be remov$1 or a ,presid5t %all be elect$4 ,! ,presid5t %all1 at /at$ times1 receive = 8 s]vices a comp5sation1 :i* %all nei!r be increas$ nor dim9i%$ dur+ ! p]iod = :i* he %all h be5 elect$2 & he %all n receive )9 t p]iod any o!r emolum5t f ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any ( !m4 ,be=e he ent] on ! execution ( 8 (fice1 he %all take ! foll[+ oa? or affirmation3-- ,i d solemnly swe> 7or affirm71 t ,i w fai?fully execute ! (fice ( ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & w1 to ! be/ ( my ability1 pres]ve1 protect1 & def5d ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,sec4 #b4--,! ,presid5t %all be comm&]-9-*ief ( ! army & navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ( ! militia ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 :5 call$ into ! actual s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 he may require ! op9ion1 9 writ+1 ( ! pr9cipal (fic] 9 ea* ( ! executive dep>tm5ts1 ^u any subject relat+ to ! duties ( _! respective (fices1 & he %all h p[] to grant reprieves & p>dons = (f5ses aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 except 9 cases ( impea*m5t4 ,he %all h p[]1 by & ) ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 to make treaties1 provid$ two ?irds ( ! s5ators pres5t concur2 & he %all nom9ate1 & by & ) ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 %all appo9t1 ambassadors1 o!r public m9i/]s1 & consuls1 judges ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 & all o!r (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^: appo9tm5ts are n h]e9 o!rwise provid$ =1 & :i* %all be e/abli%$ by law2 b ! ,congress may1 by law1 ve/ ! appo9tm5t ( su* inf]ior (fic]s z !y ?9k prop]1 9 ! ,presid5t alone1 9 ! c\rts ( law1 or 9 ! heads ( dep>tm5ts4 ,! ,presid5t %all h p[] to fill up all vacancies t may happ5 dur+ ! recess ( ! ,s5ate1 by grant+ commissions1 :i* %all expire at ! end ( _! next session4 ,,sec4 #c4--;,he %all1 f "t to "t1 give to ! ,congress in=mation ( ! /ate ( ! ,union1 & recomm5d to _! consid]ation su* measures z he %all judge necess>y & exp$i5t2 he may1 on extraord9>y occasions1 conv5e bo? h\ses1 or ei!r ( !m1 &1 9 case ( disagreem5t betwe5 !m ) respect to ! "t ( adj\rnm5t1 he may adj\rn !m to su* "t z he %all ?9k prop]2 he %all receive ambassadors & o!r public m9i/]s2 he %all take c>e t ! laws be fai?fully execut$2 & %all commission all ! (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,sec4 #d4--,! ,presid5t1 ,vice-presid5t1 & all civil (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be remov$ f (fice on impea*m5t = & conviction ( treason1 brib]y1 or o!r high crimes & misdemeanors4 ,,article ,,iii4 ,,section #a4--,! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be ve/$ 9 a ,supreme ,c\rt1 & 9 su* inf]ior c\rts z ! ,congress may f "t to "t orda9 & e/abli%4 ,! judges1 bo? ( ! supreme & inf]ior c\rts1 %all hold _! (fices dur+ good behavior2 & %all1 at /at$ times1 receive = _! s]vices a comp5sation1 :i* %all n be dim9i%$ dur+ _! cont9uance 9 (fice4 ,,sec4 #b4--,! judicial p[] %all ext5d to all cases1 9 law & equity1 aris+ "u ?is ,con/itution1 ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & treaties made1 or :i* %all be made1 "u _! au?ority2 to all cases affect+ ambassadors1 o!r public m9i/]s1 & consuls2 to all cases ( admiralty & m>itime jurisdiction2 to controv]sies to :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be a p>ty2 to controv]sies betwe5 two or m ,/ates1 betwe5 a ,/ate & citiz5s ( ano!r ,/ate1 betwe5 citiz5s ( diff]5t ,/ates1 betwe5 citiz5s ( ! same ,/ate claim+ l&s "u grants ( diff]5t ,/ates1 & betwe5 a ,/ate1 or ! citiz5s !re(1 & =eign ,/ates1 citiz5s1 or subjects4 ,9 all cases affect+ ambassadors1 o!r public m9i/]s & consuls1 & ^? 9 :i* a ,/ate %all be a p>ty1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt %all h orig9al jurisdiction4 ,9 all ! o!r cases be=e m5tion$1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt %all h appellate jurisdiction bo? z to law & fact1 ) su* exceptions1 & "u su* regulations1 z ! ,congress %all make4 ,! trial ( all crimes1 except 9 cases ( impea*m5t1 %all be by jury2 & su* trial %all be held 9 ! ,/ate :]e ! said crimes %all h be5 committ$2 b1 :5 n committ$ )9 any ,/ate1 ! trial %all be at su* place or places z ! ,congress may by law h direct$4 ,,sec4 #c4--,treason aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all consi/ only 9 levy+ w> aga9/ !m1 or 9 adh]+ to _! enemies1 giv+ !m aid & com=t4 ,no p]son %all be convict$ ( treason unless on ! te/imony ( two witnesses to ! same ov]t act1 or on confession 9 op5 c\rt4 ,! ,congress %all h p[] to decl>e ! puni%m5t ( treason1 b no atta9d] ( treason %all "w corruption ( blood or =feiture1 except dur+ ! life ( ! p]son atta9t$4 ,,article ,,iv4 ,,section #a4--;,full fai? & cr$it %all be giv5 9 ea* ,/ate to ! public acts1 records1 & judicial proce$+s ( e o!r ,/ate4 ,& ! ,congress may by g5]al laws prescribe ! mann] 9 :i* su* acts1 records1 & proce$+s %all be prov$1 & ! effect !re(4 ,,sec4 #b4--,! citiz5s ( ea* ,/ate %all be entitl$ to all privileges & immunities ( citiz5s 9 ! sev]al ,/ates4 ,a p]son *>g$ 9 any ,/ate ) treason1 felony1 or o!r crime1 :o %all flee f ju/ice1 & be f\nd 9 ano!r ,/ate1 %all1 on dem& ( ! executive au?ority ( ! ,/ate f :i* he fl$1 be deliv]$ up1 to be remov$ to ! ,/ate hav+ jurisdiction ( ! crime4 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,,sec4 #c4--,new ,/ates may be admitt$ by ! ,congress into ?is ,union2 b no new ,/ate %all be =m$ or erect$ )9 ! jurisdiction ( any o!r ,/ate2 nor any ,/ate be =m$ by ! junction ( two or m ,/ates1 or p>ts ( ,/ates1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! legislature ( ! ,/ates conc]n$1 z well z ( ! ,congress4 ,! ,congress %all h p[] to dispose ( & make all ne$ful rules & regulations respect+ ! t]ritory or o!r prop]ty belong+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & no?+ 9 ?is ,con/itution %all be s con/ru$ z to prejudice any claims ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( any p>ticul> ,/ate4 ,,sec4 #d4--,! ,unit$ ,/ates %all gu>antee to e ,/ate 9 ?is ,union a republican =m ( gov]nm5t1 & %all protect ea* ( !m aga9/ invasion2 & on application ( ! legislature1 or ( ! executive 7:5 ! legislature c n be conv5$71 aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce4 ,,article ,v4 ,! ,congress1 :5ev] two ?irds ( bo? h\ses %all deem x necess>y1 %all propose am5dm5ts to ?is ,con/itution2 or1 on ! application ( ! legislatures ( two ?irds ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 %all call a conv5tion = propos+ am5dm5ts1 :i*1 9 ei!r case1 %all be valid1 to all int5ts & purposes1 z "p ( ?is ,con/itution1 :5 ratifi$ by ! legislatures ( ?ree f\r?s ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 or by conv5tions 9 ?ree f\r?s !re(1 z ! "o or ! o!r mode ( ratification may be propos$ by ! ,congress2 ,provid$1 t no am5dm5t1 :i* may be made prior to ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight1 %all 9 any mann] affect ! fir/ & f\r? clauses 9 ! n9? section ( ! fir/ article2 & t no ,/ate1 )\t its cons5t1 %all be depriv$ ( its equal suffrage 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,,article ,,vi4 ,all debts contract$1 & engagem5ts ent]$ into1 be=e ! adoption ( ?is ,con/itution1 %all be z valid aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ?is ,con/itution z "u ! ,conf$]ation4 ,?is ,con/itution1 & ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* %all be made 9 pursuance !re(1 & all treaties made1 or :i* %all be made1 "u ! au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be ! supreme law ( ! l&2 & ! judges 9 e ,/ate %all be b\nd !reby1 any ?+ 9 ! con/itution or laws ( any ,/ate to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,! s5ators & repres5tatives be=e m5tion$1 & ! memb]s ( ! sev]al ,/ate legislatures1 & all executive & judicial (fic]s1 bo? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 %all be b\nd by oa? or affirmation to support ?is ,con/itution2 b no religi\s te/ %all ev] be requir$ z a qualification to any (fice or public tru/ "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,article ,,vii4 ,! ratification ( ! conv5tions ( n9e ,/ates %all be suffici5t = ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is ,con/itution betwe5 ! ,/ates s ratify+ ! same4 ,done 9 ,conv5tion by ! unanim\s cons5t ( ! ,/ates pres5t1 ! sev5te5? day ( ,septemb]1 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l "o ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & eighty-sev51 & ( ! ,indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ! twelf?4 ,9 witness :]e( we h h]eunto subscrib$ our names4 ,,george ,,wa%+ton1 ,presid5t1 & ,deputy f ,virg9ia4 ,,new ,,hamp%ire4--,john ,langdon1 ,ni*olas ,gilman4 ,,massa*usetts4--,na?aniel ,gorham1 ,rufus ,k+4 ,,connecticut4--,william ,samuel ,johnson1 ,rog] ,%]man4 ,,new ,,york4--,alex&] ,hamilton4 ,,new ,,j]sey4--,william ,liv+/on1 ,david ,be>ly1 ,william ,patt]son1 ,jona?an ,dayton4 ,,p5nsylvania4--,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,?omas ,miffl91 ,rob]t ,morris1 ,george ,clym]1 ,?omas ,fitzsimons1 ,j>$ ,+]soll1 ,james ,wilson1 ,g\v]neur ,morris4 ,,delaw>e4--,george ,read1 ,gunn+ ,b$=d1 ,jr41 ,john ,dick9son1 ,ri*>d ,bassett1 ,jacob ,broom4 ,,m>yl&4--,james ,mc,henry1 ,daniel ( ,/4 ,?omas ,j5if]1 ,daniel ,c>roll4 ,,virg9ia4--,john ,blair1 ,james ,madison1 ,jr4 ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a4--,william ,bl\nt1 ,ri*>d ,dobbs ,spaight1 ,hugh ,williamson4 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a4--,john ,rutl$ge1 ,*>les ,coteswor? ,p9ckney1 ,*>les ,p9ckney1 ,pi]ce ,butl]4 ,,georgia4--,william ,few1 ,abraham ,baldw94 ,atte/3 ,,william ,,jackson1 ,secret>y4 ,,am5dm5ts ,,to ,,! ,,con/itution4 ,,article ,i4 ,congress %all make no law respect+ an e/abli%m5t ( religion1 or prohibit+ ! free ex]cise !re(2 or abridg+ ! fre$om ( spee* or ( ! press2 or ! "r ( ! p peaceably to assemble1 & to petition ! gov]nm5t = a r$ress ( grievances4 ,,article ,,ii4 ,a well-regulat$ militia be+ necess>y to ! security ( a free ,/ate1 ! "r ( ! p to keep & be> arms %all n be infr+$4 ,,article ,,iii4 ,no soldi] %all1 9 "t ( peace1 be qu>t]$ 9 any h\se )\t ! cons5t ( ! own]2 nor 9 "t ( w>1 b 9 a mann] to be prescrib$ by law4 ,,article ,,iv4 ,! "r ( ! p to be secure 9 _! p]sons1 h\ses1 pap]s1 & effects1 aga9/ unreasonable se>*es & seizures1 %all n be violat$2 & no w>rants %all issue b ^u probable cause1 support$ by oa? or affirmation1 & p>ticul>ly describ+ ! place to be se>*$1 & ! p]son or ?+s to be seiz$4 ,,article ,v4 ,no p]son %all be held to answ] = a capital or o!rwise infam\s crime1 unless on a pres5tm5t or indictm5t ( a gr& jury1 except 9 cases aris+ 9 ! l& or naval =ces1 or 9 ! militia :5 9 actual s]vice 9 "t ( w> or public dang]2 nor %all any p]son be subject1 = ! same (f5se1 to be twice put 9 jeop>dy ( life or limb2 nor %all be compell$1 9 any crim9al case1 to be a witness aga9/ himself2 nor be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law2 nor %all private prop]ty be tak5 = public use )\t j comp5sation4 ,,article ,,vi4 ,9 all crim9al prosecutions1 ! accus$ %all enjoy ! "r to a spe$y & public trial1 by an imp>tial jury ( ! ,/ate & di/rict :]e9 ! crime %all h be5 committ$1 :i* di/rict %all h be5 previ\sly asc]ta9$ by law2 & to be in=m$ ( ! nature & cause ( ! accusation2 to be confront$ ) ! witnesses aga9/ him2 to h compulsory process = obta9+ witnesses 9 8 favor2 & to h ! assi/ance ( c\nsel = 8 def5se4 ,,article ,,vii4 ,9 suits at common law1 :]e ! value 9 controv]sy %all exce$ tw5ty doll>s1 ! "r ( trial by jury %all be pres]v$2 & no fact tri$ by a jury %all be o!rwise reexam9$ 9 any c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an accord+ to ! rules ( ! common law4 ,,article ,,viii4 ,excessive bail %all n be requir$1 nor excessive f9es impos$1 nor cruel & unusual puni%m5ts inflict$4 ,,article ,,ix4 ,! enum]ation 9 ! ,con/itution ( c]ta9 rights1 %all n be con/ru$ to d5y or disp>age o!rs reta9$ by ! p4 ,,article ,x4 ,! p[]s n delegat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! ,con/itution1 nor prohibit$ by x to ! ,/ates1 are res]v$ to ! ,/ates respectively1 or to ! p4 ,,article ,,xi4 ,! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all n be con/ru$ to ext5d to any suit 9 law or equity1 comm5c$ or prosecut$ aga9/ "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by citiz5s ( ano!r ,/ate1 or by citiz5s or subjects ( any =eign ,/ate4 ,,article ,,xii4 ,! electors %all meet 9 _! respective ,/ates1 & vote by ballot = ,presid5t & ,vice-presid5t1 "o ( :om1 at lea/1 %all n be an inhabitant ( ! same ,/ate ) !mselves2 !y %all "n 9 _! ballots ! p]son vot$ = z ,presid5t1 & 9 di/9ct ballots ! p]son vot$ = z ,vice-presid5t2 & !y %all make di/9ct li/s ( all p]sons vot$ = z ,presid5t1 & ( all p]sons vot$ = z ,vice-presid5t1 & ( ! numb] ( votes = ea*1 :i* li/s !y %all sign & c]tify & transmit seal$ to ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 direct$ to ! presid5t ( ! ,s5ate2 ! presid5t ( ! ,s5ate %all1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 op5 all ! c]tificates1 & ! votes %all !n be c\nt$2 ! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes = ,presid5t %all be ,presid5t1 if su* numb] be a majority ( ! :ole numb] ( electors appo9t$2 & if no p]son h su* majority1 !n f ! p]sons hav+ ! highe/ numb]s1 n exce$+ ?ree on ! li/ ( ^? vot$ = z ,presid5t1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all *oose imm$iately1 by ballot1 ! ,presid5t4 ,b1 9 *oos+ ! ,presid5t1 ! votes %all be tak5 by ,/ates1 ! repres5tation f ea* ,/ate hav+ "o vote2 a quorum = ?is purpose %all consi/ ( a memb] or memb]s f two ?irds ( ! ,/ates1 & a majority ( all ! ,/ates %all be necess>y to a *oice4 ,& if ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all n *oose a ,presid5t1 :5ev] ! "r ( *oice %all devolve ^u !m1 be=e ! f\r? day ( ,m>* next foll[+1 !n ! ,vice-presid5t %all act z ,presid5t1 z 9 ! case ( ! dea? or o!r con/itutional disability ( ! ,presid5t4 ,! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes z ,vice-presid5t %all be ! ,vice-presid5t1 if su* numb] be a majority ( ! :ole numb] ( electors appo9t$2 & if no p]son h a majority1 !n f ! two highe/ numb]s on ! li/1 ! ,s5ate %all *oose ! ,vice-presid5t2 a quorum = ! purpose %all consi/ ( two ?irds ( ! :ole numb] ( s5ators1 & a majority ( ! :ole numb] %all be necess>y to a *oice4 ,b no p]son con/itutionally ineligible to ! (fice ( ,presid5t %all be eligible to t ( ,vice-presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,article ,,xiii4 ,,section #a4--,nei!r slav]y nor volunt>y s]vitude1 except z a puni%m5t = crime1 :]e( ! p>ty %all h be5 duly convict$1 %all exi/ )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any place subject to _! jurisdiction4 ,,sec4 #b4--;,congress %all h p[] to en=ce ?is ,article by appropriate legislation4 ,,article ,,xiv4 ,,section #a4--;,all p]sons born or naturaliz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & subject to ! jurisdiction !re(1 are citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! ,/ate :]e9 !y reside4 ,no ,/ate %all make or en=ce any law :i* %all abridge ! privileges or immunities ( citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 nor %all any ,/ate deprive any p]son ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law1 nor d5y to any p]son )9 its jurisdiction ! equal protection ( ! laws4 ,,sec4 #b4--,repres5tatives %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 c\nt+ ! :ole numb] ( p]sons 9 ea* ,/ate1 exclud+ ,indians n tax$4 ,b :5 ! "r to vote at any election = *oice ( electors = ,presid5t & ,vice-presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 ! executive & judicial (fic]s ( a ,/ate1 or ! memb]s ( ! legislature !re(1 is d5i$ to any ( ! male inhabitants ( su* ,/ate be+ tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 & citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 any way abridg$1 except = p>ticipation 9 rebellion or o!r crime1 ! basis ( repres5tation !re9 %all be r$uc$ 9 ! proportion :i* ! numb] ( su* male citiz5s %all be> to ! :ole numb] ( male citiz5s tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age 9 su* ,/ate4 ,,sec4 #c4--,no p]son %all be a s5ator1 or repres5tative 9 ,congress1 or elector ( ,presid5t & ,vice-presid5t1 or hold any (fice1 civil or milit>y1 "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or "u any ,/ate1 :o1 hav+ previ\sly tak5 an oa? z a memb] ( ,congress1 or z an (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or z a memb] ( any ,/ate legislature1 or z an executive or judicial (fic] ( any ,/ate1 to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all h engag$ 9 insurrection or rebellion aga9/ ! same1 or giv5 aid or com=t to ! enemies !re(2 b ,congress may1 by a vote ( two ?irds ( ea* h\se1 remove su* disability4 ,,sec4 #d4--,! validity ( ! public debt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates au?oriz$ by law1 includ+ debts incurr$ = paym5t ( p5sions1 & b\nties = s]vices 9 suppress+ insurrection or rebellion1 %all n be que/ion$4 ,b nei!r ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor any ,/ate1 %all assume or pay any debt or obligation incurr$ 9 aid ( insurrection or rebellion aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any claim = ! loss or emancipation ( any slave2 b all su* debts1 obligations1 & claims %all be held illegal & void4 ,,sec4 #e4--,! ,congress %all h p[] to en=ce by appropriate legislation ! provisions ( ?is ,article4 ,,article ,,xv4 ,,section #a4--,! "r ( citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote %all n be d5i$ or abridg$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or by any ,/ate1 on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or previ\s condition ( s]vitude4 ,,sec4 #b4--,! ,congress %all h p[] to en=ce ?is ,article by appropriate legislation4 ,,index4 ,a ,ab]crombie1 ,g5]al1 defeat (1 at ,ticond]oga1 #adc4 ,abraham1 ,pla9s (1 battle (1 #adf4 ,acadia1 nam$1 #ci2 conqu]$ by ! ,engli%1 #ada4 ,acadians1 exile ( !1 #ada4 ,act1 ! ,importation1 #aej2 ! ,/amp1 #aea2 ! ,emb>go1 #bai2 ! ,conscription1 #cjh2 ! ,resumption1 #cci4 ,adams1 ,john1 pr$icts ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce1 #aej2 nom9ates ,wa%+ton1 #afa2 on ,decl>ation ,committee1 #afe2 ,commission] to ,p>is1 #aig2 elect$ fir/ ,vice-presid5t1 #bjb2 reelect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #bjh2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #baj2 adm9i/ration (1 #baa-bac2 dea? (1 #bdi4 ,adams1 ,john ,qu9cy1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 #bdd2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bdg2 sket* (1 #bdh2 adm9i/ration (1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,adams1 ,samuel1 at ,bo/on t[n-meet+1 #aej4 ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 e/abli%$1 #cfj4 ,aix-la-,*apelle1 treaty (1 #ic4 ,alabama1 admission (1 #bdf4 ,alabama ,claims1 !1 #ccj4 ,alabama1 depr$ations by !1 #cae4 ,alaska1 pur*ase (1 #cbe4 ,algi]s1 tribute paid to1 #baj2 subdu$ by ,decatur1 #bdb4 ,alex&]1 ,pope1 gives ,new ,_w to ,spa91 #dc4 ,algonqu9s1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af4 ,all51 ,e?an1 captures ,=t ,ticond]oga1 #aei4 ,am]ica1 discov]y (1 #be2 d]ivation ( "n1 #bf4 ,am5dm5ts to ! ,con/itution1 f\rte5? & fifte5?1 #cbh4 ,amh]/1 g5]al-9-*ief ( ,am]ican =ces1 #add4 ,amne/y proclamation1 !1 #cbd4 ,an>*i/s1 ! ,*icago1 #ceb4 ,&]son1 ,rob]t1 def5ds ,=t ,sumt]1 #bhb4 ,&r1 ,john1 capture (1 #aia4 ,&ros1 ,sir ,edmund1 royal gov]nor ( ,new ,engl&1 #hf2 dem&s surr5d] ( ,connecticut *>t]1 #hg2 gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 #aja2 treaty ( ) ! ,iroquois1 #ajb4 ,antietam1 battle (1 #cja4 ,anti-,f$]ali/ p>ty1 !1 #bja4 ,appomattox ,c\r?\se1 surr5d] at1 #cai4 ,arctic exp$itions1 #bgb4 ,argall1 ,samuel1 abducts ,pocahontas1 #fe2 exp$ition aga9/ ,acadia1 #fe2 elect$ gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 #fg4 ,arizona ,t]ritory1 organization (1 #cbe4 ,arkansas1 organization ( ,t]ritory1 #bdf2 admission ( ,/ate1 #bec4 ,arl+ton1 ,e>l (1 grant ( ,virg9ia to1 #gc2 surr5d]s claim to ,culpepp]1 #ge4 ,arnold1 ,b5$ict1 at ,ticond]oga1 #aei2 exp$ition aga9/ ,canada1 #afb2 at camp on ,delaw>e1 #agb2 at ,bemis's ,heights1 #agd2 treason (1 #aij2 9 ,briti% army1 #aib4 ,ar?ur1 ,*e/] ,a41 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #cda2 becomes ,presid5t1 #cdf2 sket* (1 #cdf2 adm9i/ration (1 #cdf-cdi4 ,atlanta1 capture (1 #cab4 ,aztecs1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af4 ,b ,bacon1 ,na?aniel1 rebellion l$ by1 #gd4 ,balboa discov]s ! ,pacific1 #bg4 ,ball's ,bluff1 battle (1 #bia4 ,baltimore1 ,"l1 secures *>t] = ,new ,m>yl&1 #abb4 ,baltimore1 siege (1 #bch2 mob at fire on ,union soldi]s1 #bhb4 ,bank ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 organization (1 #aib4 ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 organization (1 #bjg2 re*>t]$1 #bdb2 re*>t]+ veto$ by ,jackson1 #bej2 re*>t]+ veto$ by ,tyl]1 #beh4 ,banks1 ,n4 ,p41 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #big2 at ,c$> ,m\nta91 #cjj2 captures ,port ,hudson1 #cjd2 ,r$ ,riv] exp$ition (1 #caj4 ,b>clay1 ,commodore1 on ,lake ,erie1 #bbi4 ,battle ( ,antietam1 #cja2 ,atlanta1 #cab2 ,ball's ,bluff1 #bia2 ,bemis's ,heights1 #agd2 ,b5n+ton1 #agc2 ,br&yw9e1 #age2 ,bri] ,creek1 #ahe2 ,bu5a ,vi/a1 #bfd2 ,bull ,run1 #bhi1 #cjj2 ,bunk] ,hill1 #aei2 ,c]ro ,gordo1 #bfd2 ,*ampion ,hills1 #cjc2 ,*ancellorsville1 #cjg2 ,*apultepec1 #bfg2 ,*ickamauga1 #cjd2 ,*ippewa1 #bce2 ,*rysl]'s ,field1 #bcb2 ,*urubusco1 #bff2 ,city ( ,mexico1 #bfe2 ,cold ,h>bor1 #caf2 ,cor9?1 #big2 ,c[p5s1 #aic2 ,eutaw ,spr+s1 #aie2 ,fair ,oaks1 #bii2 ,five ,oaks1 #cai2 ,=t ,edw>d1 #adb2 ,=t ,meigs1 #bbh2 ,=t ,/eph5son1 #bbi2 ,fr$]icksburg1 #cja2 ,fr5*t[n1 #bbh2 ,g]mant[n1 #agf2 ,gettysburg1 #cjh2 ,guil=d ,c\r?\se1 #aid2 ,k5esaw ,m\nta91 #caa2 ,k+'s ,m\nta91 #ahi2 ,lake ,erie1 #bbi2 ,long ,isl&1 #aff2 ,look\t ,m\nta91 #cje2 ,lundy's ,lane1 #bce2 ,malv]n ,hill1 #bii2 ,mission>y ,ridge1 #cje2 ,monm\?1 #ahj2 ,mont]ey1 #bfc2 ,murfreesbor\gh1 #big2 ,na%ville1 #cab2 ,new ,orleans1 #bda2 ,palo ,alto1 #bfb2 ,pla9s ( ,abraham1 #ade2 ,plattsburgh1 #bcg2 ,pr9ceton1 #aga2 ,que5/[n1 #bbf2 ,resaca de la ,palma1 #bfb2 ,sag ,h>bor1 #aga2 ,s&]'s ,creek1 #ahh2 ,san ,gabriel1 #bfd2 ,s>atoga1 #agd2 ,savannah1 #ahc2 ,%iloh1 #bic2 ,spottsylvania ,c\r?\se1 #caf2 ,talladega1 #bca2 ,?ames1 #bcj2 ,tippecanoe1 #bbc2 ,tr5ton1 #afi2 ,v]a ,cruz1 #bfd2 ,vicksburg1 #cjc2 ,:ite ,pla9s1 #afh2 ,wilson's ,creek1 #bij2 ,yorkt[n1 #aif4 ,bee*]1 ,h5ry ,w>d1 dea? (1 #ceg4 ,bell1 ,a4 ,graham1 inv5tor ( telephone1 #ceg4 ,bellomont1 ,e>l (1 gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 #ajc4 ,bemis's ,heights1 battle (1 #agd4 ,b5n+ton1 battle (1 #bfd4 ,b]keley1 ,sir ,william1 gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 #ga2 elect$ by burgesses1 #gb2 rebellion aga9/1 #gd2 oppression by1 #ge2 grant ( ,new ,j]sey to1 #aae2 sells int]e/1 #aaf4 ,bev]ley1 ,rob]t1 royali/ capta91 #gd4 ,black ,hawk ,w>1 !1 #bea4 ,bla9e1 ,james ,g41 ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u ,g>field1 #cde2 nom9at$ = ,presid5t1 #cdi2 ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u ,h>rison1 #cfb4 ,block1 ,adrian1 explorations by1 #ee4 ,body ( ,lib]ties1 #hb4 ,boone1 ,daniel1 colonizes ,k5tucky1 #bjh4 ,boo?1 ,john ,wilkes1 assass9ates ,l9coln1 #cba2 dea? (1 #cba4 ,bo/on1 f\nd$1 #gi2 occupi$ by ,briti%1 #aed2 massacre at1 #aed2 tea p>ty1 #aee2 ,port ,bill1 #aef2 siege (1 #aei-afd2 fire 91 #cca4 ,braddock1 ,edw>d1 arrives 9 ,am]ica1 #aci2 defeat & dea? (1 #adj4 ,brad=d1 ,john1 l&+ (1 #ea4 ,brad=d1 ,william1 gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts1 #gg4 ,bragg1 ,braxton1 at ,murfreesbor\gh1 #big2 at ,*ickamauga1 #cjd2 at ,look\t ,m\nta9 & ,mission>y ,ridge1 #cje4 ,br&yw9e1 battle (1 #age4 ,breck9ridge1 ,john ,c41 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #bgd2 comm&s ,conf$]ate cavalry1 #cag4 ,bre$'s ,hill1 =tification (1 #aei4 ,bri] ,creek1 battle (1 #ahe4 ,brooklyn ,bridge1 con/ruction ( !1 #cdg4 ,br[n1 ,john1 insurrection l$ by1 #bgf4 ,bryant1 ,william ,cull51 dea? (1 #cdc4 ,bu*anan1 ,james1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 #bfa2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bgd2 sket* (1 #bge2 adm9i/ration (1 #bge-bgg4 ,buckn]1 ,s4 ,b41 def5ds ,=t ,donelson1 #bic4 ,bu5a ,vi/a1 battle (1 #bfd4 ,bull ,run1 battles (1 #bhi1 #cjj4 ,bunk] ,hill1 battle (1 #aei4 ,burgesses1 ,h\se (1 organiz$1 #fg2 sc5e 91 #aeb4 ,burgoyne1 ,g541 campaign (1 #agb-age2 surr5d] (1 #age4 ,burnside1 ,ambrose ,e41 takes comm& ( ,army ( ! ,potomac1 #cja2 at ,fr$]icksburg1 #cja2 dea? (1 #cef4 ,burr1 ,a>on1 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #bac2 duel ) ,hamilton1 #bag2 s*emes (1 #bag4 ,butl]1 ,b5jam9 ,f41 at ,new ,orleans1 #bif2 at ,=t ,fi%]1 #cad2 jo9s ,grant at ,b]muda ,hundr$1 #caf2 nom9at$ = presid5cy1 #cdi4 ,c ,cab9et1 ! fir/1 #bje4 ,cable1 ,atlantic1 lay+ ( !1 #bge1 #cbe4 ,cabot1 ,john1 voyage & discov]ies (1 #da4 ,cabot1 ,seba/ian1 voyage & explorations (1 #db4 ,calh\n1 ,john ,c41 ,secret>y ( ,w>1 #bdd2 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #bdg2 = nullification1 #bea2 dea? (1 #bgb4 ,cali=nia1 conque/ (1 #bfd2 discov]y ( gold 91 #bfg2 admission (1 #bfh4 ,cali=nians1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af4 ,calv]t1 ,sir ,cecil1 *>t] issu$ to1 #abc4 ,calv]t1 ,sir ,george1 9 ,m>yl&1 #abb4 ,cambridge1 nam$1 #ha4 ,canadian insurrection1 !1 #bef4 ,canon*et1 ,k+1 violates treaty1 #hd2 dea? (1 #he4 ,canonicus1 ,k+ ( ! ,n>ragansetts1 #ajg4 ,capitol ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 location ( !1 #bac4 ,c>ol9as1 hi/ory ( !1 #abe-abg2 sep>ation ( !1 #abg4 ,c>ol9e1 fir+ ( !1 #bef4 ,c>t]et1 ,sir ,george1 proprietor ( ,new ,j]sey1 #aae4 ,c>ti]1 ,james1 voyages (1 #cf1 #cg4 ,c>v]1 ,john1 gov]nor ( ! ,pilgrims1 #ea2 dea? (1 #gf4 ,c5sus ( #agij & #ahjj1 #bac2 ( #ahaj1 #bbb2 ( #ahgj1 #cbi2 ( #ahhj1 #cdb2 ( #ahij1 #cff4 ,c5t5nial ,exposition1 !1 #ccc4 ,c5t5nial ( ! ,republic1 !1 #cfb4 ,c]ro ,gordo1 battle (1 #bfd4 ,*ampion ,hills1 battle (1 #cjc4 ,*ampla91 ,lake1 discov]$1 #dj2 exp$ition to1 #ada2 ab&on$ by ! ,fr5*1 #ade4 ,*ampla91 ,samuel1 voyages (1 #ci1 #dj2 f\nds ,quebec1 #ci2 discov]s ,lake ,*ampla91 #dj2 gov]ns ,new ,france1 #dj4 ,*ancellorsville1 battle (1 #cjg4 ,*&l]1 ,zack>iah1 dea? (1 #cdc4 ,*apultepec1 battle (1 #bfg4 ,*>lesb\rg1 ,=t1 settlem5t at1 #dg4 ,*>le/on1 f\nd$1 #abh2 ,briti% repuls$ at1 #afd2 tak5 by ,briti%1 #ahg2 evacuat$1 #aie2 tak5 by ,%]man1 #cac4 ,*>le/on e>?quake1 !1 #cec4 ,*>t] ,oak1 !1 #hg4 ,*>t] ( ,new ,engl&1 #gh4 ,*ase1 ,salmon ,p41 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 #bha2 z ,*ief-ju/ice presides at impea*m5t trial ( ,&rew ,johnson1 #cbg4 ,*5 ,lan ,p91 ! ,*9ese ,m9i/]1 #cdj4 ,*]okees1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af2 difficulties ) !1 #beb4 ,*]ry ,valley1 massacre at1 #aha4 ,*esapeake1 ! affair ( !1 #bcc4 ,*esapeake ,bay1 explor$1 #fa4 ,*icago1 ! great fire 91 #ccj2 ! ,an>*i/s 91 #ceb4 ,*ickamauga1 battle (1 #cjd4 ,*icora1 fir/ "n ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #bi4 ,*9ese ,embassy1 e/abli%m5t ( !1 #cdj4 ,*ippewa1 battle (1 #bce4 ,*rysl]'s ,field1 battle (1 #bcb4 ,*urubusco1 battle (1 #bff4 ,circumnavigation ( ! globe1 #bh4 ,civil ,rights ,bill1 !1 #cbf4 ,civil ,s]vice ,re=m1 !1 #cea4 ,civil ,w>1 causes ( !1 #bhd-bhg2 hi/ory ( !1 #bha-cai4 ,cl>k1 ,george ,rog]s1 campaigns ( 9 ! ,we/1 #aha4 ,cl>ke1 ,william1 exp$ition (1 #bah4 ,clay1 ,h5ry1 advocates ,miss\ri ,compromise1 #bdf2 advocates ,omnibus ,bill1 #bgj2 dea? (1 #bgb4 ,clayborne1 ,william1 surveys (1 #abb4 ,clevel&1 ,grov]1 elect$ ,presid5t1 #cdi2 sket* (1 #cej2 adm9i/ration (1 #cej-cfj2 r5om9at$1 #ceh2 receives majority ( popul> vote1 #cei4 ,cl9ton1 ,sir ,h5ry1 repuls$ at ,new ,york1 #afd2 bomb>ds ,*>le/on1 #afd2 at battle ( ,long ,isl&1 #aff4 ,code ( ,laws1 giv5 by ,london ,company1 #fh4 ,cold ,h>bor1 battle (1 #caf4 ,colonies1 ! ,am]ican1 w> ( ) ,great ,brita91 #aeg-aih2 indep5d5ce (1 #afe-aig4 ,colonization ,society1 f\nd$1 #bdc4 ,colorado1 admission (1 #cce4 ,columbia1 ,di/rict (1 organiz$1 #bac4 ,columbus1 ,*ri/oph]1 sket* (1 #bd2 discov]s ,am]ica1 #be2 o!r voyages (1 #bf2 mis=tunes (1 #bf2 dea? (1 #bf2 discov]s ,or9oco1 #dc4 ,coman*es1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af4 ,comm]ce1 aggressions on ,am]ican1 #bai4 ,concessions1 acc\nt ( !1 #aaf4 ,concord1 f\nd$1 #hj4 ,conf$]acy1 ! ,s\!rn1 #bgg4 ,conf$]ation1 articles (1 #aii2 hi/ory ( !1 #aii4 ,conf$]ate cruis]s1 depr$ations by1 #cae4 ,congress ( ! ,colonies1 #aci2 ! ,/amp ,act1 #aeb2 ! ,fir/ ,cont95tal1 #aef2 ! ,second ,cont95tal1 #afa4 ,conkl+1 ,roscoe1 resigns seat 9 ,s5ate1 #cde4 ,connecticut1 colonization (1 #ajf2 hi/ory (1 #ajf2 *>t] (1 #aji2 jo9s ,new ,engl&1 #aaa4 ,conscription 9 ! ,nor?1 #cjh4 ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 propos$1 #bjj2 committee appo9t$1 #bjj2 report ( committee adopt$1 #bja2 provisions (1 #bja2 adopt$ by ! ,/ates1 #bjb4 ,con/itution1 ! affair ( !1 #bbe4 ,cont95tal ,army1 organization ( !1 #afb4 ,conv5tion1 ! ,con/itutional1 #bjj2 ! ,h>t=d1 #bci4 ,cooke1 ,jay ,co41 disa/r\s failure (1 #ccc4 ,coop]1 ,pet]1 c&idate = ,presid5cy1 #cce4 ,cordova1 ,f]n&ez de1 explorations (1 #bh4 ,cor9?1 battle (1 #big4 ,cornbury1 ,"l1 gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 #ajd4 ,cornwallis1 ,"l1 jo9s ,cl9ton1 #afd2 at ,long ,isl&1 #afg2 takes ,=t ,lee1 #afh2 pursues ,wa%+ton1 #afi2 at ,br&yw9e1 #agf2 at ,monm\?1 #ahj2 at ,s&]'s ,creek1 #ahh2 pursues ,gre5e1 #aid2 9 ,virg9ia1 #aie2 blockad$ 9 ,yorkt[n1 #aif2 surr5d] (1 #aig4 ,cort]eal1 ,gasp>1 voyages (1 #cd4 ,cortez1 ,f]n&o1 conqu]s ,mexico1 #bh4 ,cotton g91 inv5tion ( !1 #bhe4 ,c[p5s1 battle (1 #aic4 ,cranfield1 ,edw>d1 gov]nor ( ,prov9ce ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #hf4 ,cr$it ,mobili]1 !1 #ccb4 ,creek cession1 !1 #bdi4 ,creeks1 w> ) !1 #bca4 ,cr[n ,po9t1 ,johnson's exp$ition aga9/1 #ada2 des]t$ by ! ,fr5*1 #ade4 ,cuban ,filibu/]s1 !1 #bga4 ,culpepp]1 ,john1 lead] ( insurrection 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #abf4 ,culpepp]1 ,"l1 grant ( ,virg9ia to1 #gc2 appo9t$ gov]nor1 #ge2 sole proprietor1 #ge2 remov$1 #ge4 ,cu/]1 ,g5]al1 defeat (1 #ccd4 ,d ,da ,gama1 ,vasco1 d\bles ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 #db4 ,dakota ,t]ritory1 organiz$1 #cbe4 ,dakotas1 ! sep>ation ( !1 #cfj4 ,dakotas1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af4 ,d>e1 ,virg9ia1 bir? (1 #df4 ,d>rah1 ,lydia1 /ory (1 #agf4 ,davis1 ,jeff]son1 ,presid5t ( ,conf$]acy1 #bgg2 sket* (1 #bhi2 escape (1 #cai2 capture (1 #cbj4 ,daye1 ,/eph51 fir/ pr9t] 9 ,am]ica1 #ha4 ,deane1 ,silas1 commission] to ,france1 #agh4 ,de>born1 ,=t1 surr5d] (1 #bbe4 ,de>born1 ,h5ry1 comm&]-9-*ief ( ,am]ican army1 #bbd2 exp$ition aga9/ ,toronto1 #bca4 ,de ,ayllon1 voyage (1 #bi4 ,decatur1 captures ! ,philadelphia1 #baf2 captures ! ,mac$onian1 #bbf2 conqu]s ! ,alg]ian pirates1 #bdb4 ,decl>ation ( ,rights1 #aec2 ( ,indep5d5ce1 #afe4 ,decree1 ! ,milan1 #bbj4 ,de ,g\rgues1 ,dom9ic1 rev5ge (1 #ch4 ,de ,kalb1 jo9s patriot =ces1 #agb2 kill$1 #aha4 ,delaw>e1 ,"l1 gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 #fb2 voyage to ,virg9ia1 #fc2 return to ,engl&1 #cd2 dea? (1 #fg4 ,delaw>e1 secession (1 #abj4 ,delaw>e1 !1 cross$ by ,wa%+ton1 #afi4 ,de ,monts1 pat5t (1 #ch2 at ,port ,royal1 #ci4 ,de ,soto1 ,f]d9&1 exp$ition (1 #cj-cb2 discov]s ! ,mississippi1 #ca2 dea? (1 #cb4 ,d',e/a+1 fleet (1 #agi4 ,detroit1 surr5d] (1 #bbe4 ,dieskau1 defeat (1 #adb4 ,discov]y ( ,am]ica1 #be4 ,division ( l&1 #fd4 ,dolbe>1 ,a4 ,c41 inv5tor ( ! telephone1 #cdg4 ,donelson1 ,=t1 capture (1 #bic4 ,dor*e/] ,heights1 =tification (1 #afc4 ,dorr's ,rebellion1 #beh4 ,d\glas1 ,/eph5 ,a41 advocates ,/ate sov]eignty1 #bgd4 ,dov]1 f\nd$1 #aac4 ,drake1 ,sir ,francis1 voyages (1 #dd2 at ,roanoke1 #de4 ,dr$ ,scott case1 !1 #bgf4 ,du ,quesne1 ,=t1 built1 #ach2 battle ne>1 #adj2 de/ruction (1 #add4 ,e ,e>ly1 ,j4 ,a41 invades ,p5nsylvania1 #cag2 surprises ,union camp1 #cah2 defeat$ at ,w9*e/]1 #cah4 ,ea/ ,india ,company1 ! ,dut*1 #ec4 ,edison1 ,?omas ,a41 inv5tor ( ! telephone & electric light1 #cdg4 ,edw>d1 ,=t1 built1 #ada2 battle at1 #adb4 ,electoral ,commission1 !1 #ccf4 ,electric light1 inv5tion ( !1 #cdg4 ,elizabe?t[n1 f\nd$1 #aae4 ,emancipation ,proclamation1 issu$1 #cjb4 ,emb>go ,act1 passage (1 #bai2 repeal ( !1 #cba4 ,endicott1 ,john1 gov]nor ( ,plym\?1 #gh4 ,ericsson1 ,john1 inv5ts ! ,monitor1 #bid4 ,ericsson1 ,leif1 discov]s ,am]ica1 #ba4 ,ericsson1 ,?orwald & ,?or/e91 #bb4 ,erie1 ,=t1 siege (1 #bcf4 ,erie1 ,lake1 battle (1 #bbi4 ,esquimos1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af4 ,eutaw ,spr+s1 battle (1 #aie4 ,ev>ts1 ,william ,a41 deliv]s ,c5t5nial oration1 #ccc4 ,f ,fair ,oaks1 battle (1 #bii4 ,f>ragut1 ,admiral1 captures ,new ,orleans1 #bif2 captures ,mobile1 #cad4 ,fava1 ,b>on1 ,italian m9i/]1 #cfh4 ,f$]ali/ p>ty1 !1 #bja4 ,field1 ,cyrus ,w41 lays ,atlantic cables1 #bge1 #cbd4 ,fields1 ,james ,t41 dea? (1 #cdc4 ,fillmore1 ,mill>d1 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #bfh2 becomes ,presid5t1 #bgj2 adm9i/ration (1 #bgj-bgb4 ,fi%]1 ,=t1 capture (1 #cad4 ,fi%]y aw>d1 !1 #cdj4 ,fi%]y dispute1 !1 #bga4 ,fisk1 ,cl9ton ,b41 prohibition c&idate = ,presid5cy1 #cei4 ,five ,=ks1 battle (1 #cai4 ,florida1 orig9 ( "n1 #bg2 cession (1 #bde2 admission (1 #bfj4 ,=ce ,bill1 introduction ( !1 #cfe4 ,=t ,*>lesb\rg1 settlem5t at1 #cg4 ---- ,de>born1 surr5d] (1 #bbe4 ---- ,donelson1 capture (1 #bic4 ---- ,du ,quesne1 built1 #ach2 de/ruction (1 #aad4 ---- ,edw>d1 built1 #ada2 battle at1 #adb4 ---- ,fi%]1 capture (1 #cad4 ---- ,jackson1 capture (1 #bif4 ---- ,le ,buf1 built1 #acf2 arrival ( ,wa%+ton at1 #acf4 ---- ,mc,henry1 bomb>d$1 #bch4 ---- ,meigs1 build+ & siege (1 #bbh4 ---- ,m]c]1 tak5 by ,briti%1 #agf4 ---- ,miffl91 tak5 by ,briti%1 #agf4 ---- ,m\ltrie1 bomb>d$1 #afd4 ---- ,nassau1 build+ (1 #ee4 ---- ,necessity1 built & def5d$1 #ach4 ---- ,/eph5son1 siege (1 #bbi4 ---- ,/4 ,philip1 capture (1 #bif4 ---- ,sumt]1 fir$ ^u1 #bhb4 ---- ,v5ango1 built1 #acf4 ---- ,william ,h5ry built1 #adb2 massacre at1 #adc4 ---- ,w9dsor1 build+ (1 #ie4 ,france1 explor]s s5t f1 #ce2 colony at ,=t ,*>lesb\rg1 #cg2 colonizes ,florida1 #cg2 settlem5t at ,quebec1 #ci2 aid (1 #agb2 treaty ) ,am]ica1 #agh2 relations ) ,am]ica1 #agh-ahf2 tr\bles )1 #baa2 treaty ( peace )1 #bab4 ,frankl91 ,b5jam91 "o ( ,decl>ation ,committee1 #afe2 9 ,france1 #agh2 sket* (1 #agi2 plan ( conf$]ation by1 #aia4 ,frankl91 ,sir ,john1 ,arctic exp$ition (1 #bgb4 ,fr$]icksburg1 battle (1 #cja4 ,free ,co9age ,bill1 introduction ( !1 #cfe4 ,free ,soil ,p>ty1 organization ( !1 #bgb4 ,fremont1 ,john ,c41 9 ,cali=nia1 #bfc4 ,fr5* & ,indian ,w>1 hi/ory ( !1 #ace-adf4 ,fr5*t[n1 battle (1 #bbh4 ,frobi%]1 ,m>t91 se>*+ = nor?we/ passage1 #dc4 ,full]1 ,melville ,w41 appo9t$ ,*ief-ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ceg4 ,fulton1 ,rob]t1 inv5ts ! /eamboat1 #bbj4 ,g ,gadsd5 ,pur*ase1 !1 #bgc4 ,gage1 ,g5]al1 occupies ,bo/on1 #aed4 ,g>field1 ,james ,a41 elect$ ,presid5t1 #cda2 sket* (1 #cdd2 adm9i/ration (1 #cdd-cdf2 assass9ation (1 #cde2 dea? (1 #cdf4 ,gates1 ,horatio1 comm&s nor!rn army1 #age2 defeat at ,s&]'s ,creek1 #ahh4 ,gates1 ,sir ,?omas1 9 ,virg9ia1 #fc-ff4 ,g5et1 ,citiz51 tr\ble caus$ by1 #bjh4 ,georgia1 hi/ory (1 #acj-acd2 nam$1 #aca4 ,g]mant[n1 battle (1 #agf4 ,g]ry1 ,elbridge1 envoy to ,france1 #baa2 ,vice-presid5t1 #bbg4 ,gettysburg1 battle (1 #cjh4 ,gh5t1 ! treaty (1 #bda4 ,gilb]t1 ,sir ,humphrey1 voyage (1 #dd2 lo/ at sea1 #de4 ,gi/1 ,*ri/oph]1 comm&s explor+ p>ty1 #acf4 ,gold1 se>*es =1 #dc2 discov]y ( 9 ,cali=nia1 #bfg4 ,gorges1 ,sir ,f]d9&1 proprietor ,new ,hamp%ire1 #aac4 ,gosnold1 ,b>?olomew1 voyage & explorations (1 #df2 9 ! ,london ,company1 #dg4 ,grant1 ,ulysses ,s41 captures ,=t ,donelson1 #bic2 at ,%iloh1 #bic2 at ,vicksburg1 #cjc2 g5]al-9-*ief1 #caa2 9 ! wild]ness1 #caf2 at ,pet]sburg1 #cah2 ent]s ,ri*mond1 #cai2 f9al victory (1 #cai2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #cbg2 sket* (1 #cbh2 adm9i/ration (1 #cbh-ccf2 reelect$1 #cca2 t\r ( ! _w1 #cdb2 dea? (1 #cee2 tomb (1 #cee4 ,gray1 ,eli%a ,p41 inv5tor ( telephone1 #cdg4 ,great ,brita9 colonizes ,am]ica1 #da-eb2 gov]ns ,virg9ia1 #gj-ge2 gov]ns ,new ,york1 #ajj-aje2 oppressions by1 #adi-aef2 revolution>y w> )1 #aeg-aig2 w> ( #ahab )1 #bba-bda2 treaties )1 #aig1 #bda1 #beh1 #ccj4 ,great ,ea/]n1 !1 c>ries ,atlantic cable1 #cbe4 ,great ,mead[s1 battle at1 #ach4 ,greeley1 ,horace1 nom9at$ = ,presid5cy1 #cca2 dea? (1 #cca4 ,gre5backs1 issu$1 #cbj4 ,gre5e1 ,na?aniel1 campaigns (1 #aic4 ,gr5ville1 ,sir ,ri*>d1 voyage (1 #de4 ,guadalupe ,hidalgo1 treaty (1 #bfg4 ,guil=d ,c\rt ,h\se1 battle (1 #aid4 ,h ,half ,bre$s1 !1 #cde4 ,half ,moon1 voyages ( !1 #ec1 #ed4 ,hamilton1 ,alex&]1 builds ,=t ,wa%+ton1 #afh2 urges adoption ( ,con/itution1 #bja2 fir/ ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 #bjf2 f9ancial policy (1 #bjg2 kill$ by ,burr1 #bag4 ,hamilton1 ,&rew1 def5ds ,z5g]1 #ajd4 ,hancock1 ,w9field ,s41 dea? (1 #cef4 ,h>m>1 ,g5]al1 exp$ition (1 #bjg4 ,h>rison1 ,b5jam91 nom9at$ = ,presid5cy1 #cei2 elect$1 #cei2 sket* (1 #cfa2 adm9i/ration (1 #cfa-cfi4 ,h>rison1 ,william ,h5ry1 gov]nor ,indiana ,t]ritory1 #bae2 at ,tippecanoe1 #bbb2 campaigns (1 #bbh-ccj2 resigns commission1 #bcb2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bef2 sket* (1 #beg2 dea? (1 #beh4 ,h>t=d1 f\nd$1 #hj4 ,h>t=d ,conv5tion1 !1 #bci4 ,h>v>d ,college f\nd$1 #ha4 ,h>vey1 ,sir ,john1 gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 #gj4 ,hayes1 ,ru!r=d ,b41 elect$ ,presid5t1 #ccf2 sket* (1 #ccg2 adm9i/ration (1 #ccg-cdc4 ,hayne1 ,isaac1 hang+ (1 #aie4 ,hayne1 ,s5ator1 debate ) ,daniel ,web/]1 #bea4 ,h5dricks1 ,?omas ,a41 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #cdi2 dea? (1 #cef2 sket* (1 #cef2 /atue (1 #ceg4 ,h5nessey1 ,david ,c41 assass9ation (1 #cfh4 ,h5ry1 ,patrick1 spee* (1 #aeb4 ,h]julfson1 discov]s ,am]ica1 #ba4 ,hood1 ,j4 ,b41 evacuates ,atlanta1 #cab2 ,na%ville campaign (1 #cab4 ,hook]1 ,joseph1 /orms ,look\t ,m\nta91 #cje2 comm&s ,army ( ! ,potomac1 #cjg2 at ,*ancellorsville1 #cjg2 dea? (1 #cef4 ,h[e1 ,admiral1 at battle ( ,long ,isl&1 #aff4 ,h[e1 ,g5]al1 arrives 9 ,bo/on1 #aei2 at ,bunk] ,hill1 #afj2 surr5d]s ,bo/on1 #afc2 at ,battle ( ,long ,isl&1 #aff2 at ,:ite ,pla9s1 #afh2 at ,br&yw9e1 #agf4 ,hudson1 ,sir ,h5ry1 voyages (1 #ec2 mut9y aga9/1 #ed4 ,hugu5ots1 massacre ( !1 #cc1 #ch2 colony (1 #cg2 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #abi4 ,hull1 ,isaac1 9 naval battle1 #bbe4 ,hull1 ,william1 beg9s ,w> ( #ahab1 #bbd2 surr5d]s ,detroit1 #bbe4 ,hunt1 ,rob]t1 9 ,london ,company1 #dg4 ,huron-,iroquois1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af2 *>act]i/ics ( !1 #af4 ,hut*9son1 ,ann1 accus$ ( h]esy1 #hj2 exile (1 #ha4 ,i ,icel&]s1 !1 9 ,am]ica1 #ba-bc4 ,idaho1 organization ( ,t]ritory1 #cbe2 admission ( ,/ate1 #cff4 ,ill9ois1 admission (1 #bde4 ,impea*m5t trial ( ,&rew ,johnson1 #cbg4 ,importation ,act1 !1 #aej4 ,indep5d5ce1 ,decl>ation (1 by ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 #afa2 by congress ( ! ,unit$ ,colonies1 #afe2 lead+ pr9ciples (1 #aff4 ,indep5d5t ,treasury ,bill1 !1 propos$ by ,van ,bur51 #bee2 repeal (1 #beh4 ,indiana1 organization ( ,t]ritory1 #bad2 admission ( ,/ate1 #bdb4 ,indians1 sket* ( !1 #ae-ai2 tr\bles ) 9 ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory1 #bjg4 ,indian ,t]ritory1 set ap>t1 #beb4 ,int]nal rev5ue1 s\rces (1 #cbj4 ,i[a1 admission (1 #bfj4 ,iroquois1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af4 ,isabella1 ,que51 sympa?y )1 & aid to ,columbus1 #be4 ,isl& ,numb] ,t51 siege (1 #bid4 ,j ,jack1 ,capta91 leads ,modoc w>1 #ccb4 ,jackson1 ,&rew1 beg9s c>e]1 #ahh2 subdues ! ,creeks1 #bca2 drives ,briti% f ,florida1 #bci2 9 comm& at ,new ,orleans1 #bci-bda2 subdues ,sem9oles1 #bde2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bdi2 adm9i/ration (1 #bej-bec4 ,jackson1 ,/onewall1 valley campaign (1 #big2 at ,c$> ,m\nta91 #cjj2 seizes ,h>p]'s ,f]ry1 #cjj2 at ,*ancellorsville1 #cjg2 dea? (1 #cjg4 ,jame/[n1 settlem5t (1 #dh2 colony at1 #eg4 ,japan1 int]c\rse op5$ )1 #bgc4 ,jay1 ,john1 fir/ ,*ief-ju/ice1 #bjf2 envoy to ,engl&1 #baj4 ,jeff]son1 ,?omas1 prep>es ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 #afe2 ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs1 #bje2 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #baj2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bac2 adm9i/ration (1 #bad-bbj2 reelect$1 #bag2 dea? (1 #bdi4 ,johnson1 ,&rew1 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #cbj2 becomes ,presid5t1 #cbc2 sket* (1 #cbc2 adm9i/ration (1 #cbc-cbg2 issues ,amne/y ,proclamation1 #cbd2 impea*m5t (1 #cbg4 ,john/on1 ,joseph ,e41 at ,bull ,run1 #bhi2 w\nd$ at ,fair ,oaks1 #bii2 surr5d] (1 #cac2 dea? (1 #cfg4 ,john/[n flood1 !1 #cfc4 ,jones1 ,paul1 conqu]s ! ,s]apis1 #ahf4 ,joseph1 *ief ( ! ,nez ,p]c ,indians1 #cch4 ,k ,kane1 ,eli%a ,k5t1 ,arctic exp$ition (1 #bgb4 ,kansas1 tr\bles 91 #bgd2 admission (1 #cbe4 ,kansas-,nebraska ,bill1 !1 #bgd4 ,k>lsefne1 ,?orf9n1 explorations (1 #bb4 ,ke>ny1 ,philip1 exp$ition to ,cali=nia1 #bfc4 ,k5esaw ,m\nta91 battle (1 #caa4 ,k5tucky1 admission (1 #bjh4 ,kidd1 ,capta9 ,william1 /ory (1 #ajc4 ,kieft1 ,sir ,william1 gov]nor ( ,new ,am/]dam1 #if4 ,k+'s ,m\nta91 battle (1 #ahi4 ,k+/on1 de/roy$ by ,indians1 #ih4 ,kossu?1 ,l\is1 t\r ( 9 ,am]ica1 #bga4 ,l ,labor agitations1 !1 #cea4 ,lafayette1 ,m>quis de1 ent]s ,am]ican army1 #agb2 w\nd$ at ,br&yw9e1 #agf2 campaigns ( 9 ,virg9ia1 #aid-aif2 revisits ,am]ica1 #bdf4 ,la ,ro*e1 ,m>quis (1 br+s coloni/s to ,am]ica1 #ch4 ,laudonni]e1 9 ,florida1 #ch4 ,law1 ! ali51 #bac2 ! s$ition1 #bac4 ,lawr5ce1 ,james1 comm&s ! ,hornet1 #bcb2 comm&s ! ,*esapeake1 #bcc2 dea? (1 #bcd4 ,le ,buf1 ,=t1 built by ! ,fr5*1 #acf4 ,lee1 ,*>les1 besieges ,bo/on1 #afb2 captur$ by ,briti%1 #afi2 ex*ang$1 #agb2 tr\ble ) ,wa%+ton1 #ahj4 ,lee1 ,ri*>d ,h5ry1 (f]s ,resolutions ( ,indep5d5ce 9 ,congress1 #afd4 ,lee1 ,rob]t ,e41 at ,*eat ,m\nta91 #bhh2 ,conf$]ate comm&]-9-*ief1 #bii2 at ,bull ,run1 #cjj2 invades ,m>yl&1 #cjj2 at ,antietam1 #cja2 at ,*ancellorsville1 #cjg2 invades ,p5nsylvania1 #cjh2 at ,gettysburg1 #cjh2 9 ! ,wild]ness1 #caf2 at ,spottsylvania ,c4 ,h41 #cai2 flees f ,ri*mond1 #cai2 surr5d] (1 #cai4 ,leisl]1 ,jacob1 insurrection (1 #ajb4 ,lewis1 ,capta91 exp$ition (1 #bah4 ,lex+ton1 battle (1 #aeg4 ,lib]ia1 colony 91 #bdc4 ,lib]ty pole1 fight at1 #aed4 ,life-sav+ ,s]vice1 e/abli%m5t ( !1 #cdj4 ,l9coln1 ,abraham1 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bgf2 sket* (1 #bha2 adm9i/ration (1 #bha-cba2 issues ,emancipation ,proclamation1 #cjb2 reelect$1 #cbj2 assass9ation (1 #cba2 burial (1 #cba4 ,l9coln1 ,g5]al1 campaigns ( 9 ! nor?1 #agd-age2 campaigns ( 9 ! s\?1 #ahe-ahg4 ,liv+/on1 ,edw>d1 negotiates pur*ase ( ,l\isiana1 #bae4 ,liv+/on1 ,rob]t ,r41 on ,decl>ation ,committee1 #afe4 ,locke1 ,john1 draws up ! ,gr& ,model1 #abe4 ,logan1 ,john ,a41 dea? (1 #cef4 ,london ,company1 organization (1 #dg2 grants to1 #dg2 settlem5t ( ,jame/[n1 #dh2 new *>t] (1 #fb2 ?ird pat5t1 #fe2 *>t] cancell$1 #fi4 ,long ,isl&1 battle (1 #aff4 ,long/reet1 ,james1 dea? (1 #cfg4 ,look\t ,m\nta91 /orm+ (1 #cje4 ,l\d\n1 ,e>l (1 comm&s ,colonial army1 #adb4 ,l\isburg1 captures (1 #ib1 #adc4 ,l\isiana1 pur*ase (1 #bae2 ,t]ritory (1 #baf2 admission (1 #bbd4 ,lovelace1 gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 #ajj4 ,lundy's ,lane1 battle (1 #bce4 ,lyon1 ,na?aniel1 at ,booneville1 #bij2 kill$ at ,wilson's ,creek1 #bij4 ,m ,madison1 ,james1 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bbj2 adm9i/ration (1 #bba-bbg4 ,mafia ,society1 9 ,new ,orleans1 #cfh4 ,magellan1 ,f]d9&1 voyage ( ar\nd ! _w1 #bh4 ,ma9e1 ! ,prov9ce (1 #he2 admission (1 #bdf4 ,malietoa1 k+ ( ,samoa1 #cfc4 ,malv]n ,hill1 battle (1 #bii4 ,manhattan ,isl&1 pur*ase (1 #id4 ,m>ion1 ,francis1 raids (1 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #ahh4 ,m>%all1 ,john1 envoy to ,france1 #baa2 ,*ief-ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #baf2 presides at trial ( ,a>on ,burr1 #bag4 ,m>yl&1 hi/ory (1 #abb-abe4 ,mason1 ,james ,m41 ,conf$]ate ambassador to ,engl&1 #bia4 ,mason1 ,john1 9 ,pequod w>1 #ajg2 grant to1 #aac4 ,massa*usetts1 colonization (1 #dg-eb2 hi/ory (1 #gf-ic4 ,massa*usetts ,bay ,colony1 #gh4 ,massacre1 ! ,bo/on1 #aed2 ! ,*]ry ,valley1 #aha2 ! ,indian1 #fh2 ! ,new ,orleans1 #cfg2 ! ,wyom+1 #ahj4 ,massasoit1 visits ,plym\?1 #gf4 ,ma!r1 ,cotton1 favors prosecution ( wit*es1 #hi1 #ia4 ,may1 ,cornelius1 explorations (1 #ee2 lead] 9 ,dut* settlem5t1 #id4 ,mayfl[]1 voyage ( !1 #ej4 ,mc,clellan1 ,george ,b41 campaigns (1 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #bhh2 comm&s ,army ( ! ,potomac1 #bij2 ,p59sul> campaign (1 #bii2 at ,antietam1 #cja2 dea? (1 #cef4 ,mc,donough1 ,commodore1 at battle ( ,plattsburg1 #bcg4 ,mc,dowell1 ,irw91 at ,bull ,run1 #bhi2 dea? (1 #cef4 ,mc,henry1 ,=t1 bomb>dm5t (1 #bch4 ,mc,kinley ,bill1 adoption ( !1 #cfd4 ,meade1 ,george ,g41 9 comm& ( ,army ( ! ,potomac1 #cjh2 at ,gettysburg1 #cjh2 9 ! ,wild]ness1 #caf2 flees f ,ri*mond1 #cai2 surr5d] (1 #cai2 dea? (1 #cef4 ,meigs1 ,colonel1 attacks ,sag ,h>bor1 #aga2 rew>d$ by ,congress1 #agb4 ,meigs1 ,=t1 built1 #bbh2 siege (1 #bbh4 ,m55dez1 ,p$ro1 exp$ition (1 #cb2 massacre ( ,hugu5ots1 #cc1 #cd1 #ch4 ,m]c]1 ,=t1 tak5 by ,briti%1 #agf4 ,m]rimac1 !1 fights ) ! ,monitor1 #bid4 ,mexico1 ,city (1 siege ( !1 #bfe4 ,mexico1 ,fr5* occupation (1 #cbd4 ,mexico1 w> )1 #bfa-bfg2 decl>ation ( w> )1 #bfb4 ,miamis1 w> ) !1 #bjg4 ,miantonomah1 gives ,rhode ,isl&1 #ha4 ,mi*igan1 organization ( ,t]ritory1 #bah2 admission ( ,/ate1 #bec4 ,miffl91 ,=t1 tak5 by ,briti%1 #agf4 ,mill]1 ,james1 at ,lundy's ,lane1 #bcf4 ,mims1 ,=t1 attack$ by savages1 #bca4 ,m9nesota1 admission (1 #bgf4 ,mission>y ,ridge1 /orm+ (1 #cje4 ,mississippi1 organization ( ,t]ritory1 #bae2 admission ( ,/ate1 #bdd4 ,mississippi ,riv]1 discov]y (1 #ca4 ,miss\ri1 admission (1 #bdf4 ,miss\ri ,compromise1 !1 #bdf4 ,mobilians1 regions inhabit$ by !1 #af2 tribes ( !1 #af4 ,model1 ! ,gr&1 acc\nt (1 #abe4 ,modocs1 w> ) !1 #ccb4 ,monitor1 fights ! ,m]rimac1 #bid4 ,monm\?1 battle (1 #ahj4 ,monroe ,doctr9e1 !1 #bdf4 ,monroe1 ,james1 negotiates ,l\isiana pur*ase1 #baf2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bdc2 sket* (1 #bdd2 adm9i/ration (1 #bdd-bdg2 reelect$1 #bdf4 ,montana1 organization ( ,t]ritory1 #cbe2 admission ( ,/ate1 #cfj4 ,montcalm1 ,g5]al1 at ,=t ,william ,h5ry1 #adb2 at ,pla9s ( ,abraham1 #ade4 ,mont]ey1 capture (1 #bfc4 ,montgom]y1 ,ri*>d1 attack ( on ,quebec1 #afb2 dea? (1 #afb4 ,mont ,real1 isl& & t[n (1 #cf4 ,morgan1 ,john1 raid (1 #cjf4 ,mormons1 tr\bles ) !1 #bei1 #bge4 ,morris1 ,rob]t1 gives f9ancial aid1 #agj2 ,secret>y ( ,f9ance1 #aib2 br\ght to pov]ty1 #bjj4 ,morse1 ,samuel ,f4 ,b41 inv5tor ( ! telegraph1 #bfj4 ,morton1 ,levi ,p41 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #cei4 ,morton1 ,oliv] ,p41 dea? (1 #cdc4 ,m\nd-build]s1 acc\nt ( !1 #ab-ae4 ,m\ltrie1 bomb>dm5t (1 #afd4 ,murfreesbor\gh1 battle (1 #big4 ,mut9y 9 ,cont95tal ,army1 #aib4 ,n ,n>vaez1 ,de1 gov]nor ( ,florida1 #bi4 ,na%ville1 siege (1 #cab4 ,national ,banks1 e/abli%m5t (1 #cbj4 ,national debt1 !1 #cbj1 #cbd4 ,naval battles betwe5 ! ,*esapeake & ! ,leop>d1 #bai2 ,*esapeake & ! ,%annon1 #bcc2 ,con/ellation & ! ,insurg5t1 #bab2 ,con/itution & ! ,gu]ri]e1 #bbe2 ,con/itution & ! ,java1 #bbf2 ,essex & ! ,nocton1 #bbf2 ,essex & ! ,phoebe & ,*]ub1 #bcd2 ,h>t=d & ! ,t5nessee1 #cad2 ,hornet & ! ,peacock1 #bcb2 ,hornet & ! ,p5gu91 #bda2 ,lawr5ce & ! ,detroit1 #bbi2 ,monitor & ! ,m]rimac1 #bid2 ,niag>a & ,briti% fleet1 #bbi2 ,poicti]s & ! ,wasp1 #bbf2 ,poor ,ri*>d & ! ,s]apis1 #ahf2 ,presid5t & ! ,little ,belt1 #bbc2 ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,mac$onian1 #bbf2 ,wasp & ! ,frolic1 #bbf4 ,nebraska1 admission ( #cbe4 ,necessity1 ,=t1 built & def5d$1 #ach4 ,negro ,plot1 !1 #ajd4 ,nevada1 admission (1 #cbj4 ,new ,am/]dam1 f\nd$1 #ed4 ,new ,engl&1 nam$1 #di2 colonization (1 #ea1 #eb1 #gf-ic1 #ajf-aad4 ,new ,france1 #cf-dj4 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ! prov9ce (1 #hf1 #aac2 hi/ory (1 #aac4 ,new ,hav51 f\nd$1 #ajh4 ,new ,j]sey1 nam$1 #aae2 hi/ory (1 #aae-aah2 division (1 #aaf4 ,new ,ne!rl&s nam$1 #ee2 hi/ory (1 #id-ii4 ,new ,orleans1 battle (1 #bda2 capture (1 #bie2 exposition 91 #cej2 massacre 91 #cfg4 ,newport1 ,*ri/oph]1 comm&s fleet1 #dh2 br+s immigrants1 #fa4 ,new ,sw$51 colonization (1 #ie-ii4 ,new ,york1 colonization (1 #id-ii2 nam$1 #ii2 "u ,engli%1 #ajj-aje4 ,new ,york ,city1 settlem5t (1 #id2 "u ,dut*1 #id-ii2 "u ,engli%1 #ajj-aje2 occupi$ by ,wa%+ton1 #afd2 op]ations ab\t1 #aff2 tak5 by ,briti%1 #afg2 evacuation (1 #aih2 _w's fair 91 #bgd2 riots 91 #cji4 ,nez ,p]c ,indians1 w> ) !1 #cch4 ,niag>a1 captur$ by ,engli%1 #add4 ,norsem51 e>ly discov]ies by !1 #ba2 voyages ( !1 #bj-bc2 rema9s 9 ,am]ica ( !1 #bc4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 hi/ory (1 #abe-abg2 ratifies con/itution1 #bjf4 ,nor? ,dakota1 admission (1 #cfj4 ,nor!a/]n b\nd>y1 e/abli%m5t (1 #beh4 ,nor?we/ ,passage1 !1 #dc4 ,nullification1 acc\nt (1 #bej-bea4 ,o ,ogle?orpe1 ,james1 f\nd+ ( ,georgia by1 #acj-acd4 ,ohio1 admission (1 #bad4 ,ohio ,company1 organization (1 #acf4 ,omnibus ,bill1 !1 #bgj4 ,oregon1 admission (1 #bgf4 ,p ,pacific1 discov]y ( !1 #bg4 ,pacific ,railroad1 r\te ( survey$1 #bgh2 completion (1 #cbh4 ,pak5ham1 ,sir ,edw>d1 comm&s ,briti% at ,new ,orleans1 #bci-bda4 ,palo ,alto1 battle (1 #bfb4 ,panic ( #ahcf-cg1 ! f9ancial1 #bec1 #bee2 ( #ahgc1 #ccb4 ,pap] ,money1 orig9 ( 9 ,am]ica1 #hi4 ,patroons1 acc\nt ( !1 #ie4 ,p>is1 ! treaty (1 #adf4 ,p>ris1 ,samuel1 jo9s 9 wit*craft p]secutions1 #hi4 ,p5n1 ,william1 pur*ases ,ea/ ,j]sey1 #aag2 proprietor ( ,p5nsylvania #aah2 sket* (1 #aai2 treaty ( ) ,indians1 #aai2 f\nds ,philadelphia1 #abj2 dea? (1 #abj4 ,p5nsylvania1 hi/ory (1 #aah-abj4 ,p5sion legislation1 #ced4 ,pequods1 w> ) !1 #ajg4 ,p]ry1 ,oliv] ,h41 victory ( on ,lake ,erie1 #bbi4 ,pet]sburg1 siege (1 #caf2 capture (1 #cai4 ,philadelphia1 f\nd$1 #abj2 tak5 by ,briti%1 #agf2 evacuat$ by ,briti%1 #ahj4 ,philadelphia1 !1 captur$ & retak51 #baf4 ,philip1 ,k+1 w> )1 #hd4 ,phipps1 ,sir ,william1 comm&s ,engli% troops1 #hh4 ,pickett1 ,george ,g41 *>ge at ,gettysburg1 #cjh4 ,pi]ce1 ,frankl91 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bgb2 adm9i/ration (1 #bgc-bgd4 ,pilgrims1 s nam$1 #ej2 promise to !1 #ej2 l&+1 #ea2 suff]+s1 #ea4 ,pirates1 ! ,alg]9e1 #baj4 ,pittsburgh1 build+ on site (1 #acg2 nam$1 #add4 ,platt1 ,?omas ,c41 resigns seat 9 ,s5ate1 #cde4 ,plattsburgh1 battle (1 #bcg4 ,plym\? ,company1 !1 organization (1 #dg2 grants to1 #dg2 attempt at colonization1 #dh4 ,plym\? ,c\ncil1 organization (1 #di2 grant to1 #di4 ,plym\? ,rock1 l&+ at1 #ea4 ,pocahontas1 rescues ,john ,smi?1 #fj2 abduct$ by ,argall1 #fe2 m>riage (1 #fe4 ,polk1 ,james ,k41 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bfj2 sket* (1 #bfa2 adm9i/ration (1 #bfa-bfh4 ,ponce de ,leon1 voyages (1 #bg4 ,pope1 ,john1 takes ,isl& ,numb] ,t51 #bid2 at ,bull ,run1 #cjj4 ,port ,bill1 ! ,bo/on1 #aef4 ,port]1 ,admiral1 bomb>ds ,vicksburg1 #cjd2 captures ,=t ,fi%]1 #cad4 ,port ,royal1 f\nd$1 #ci4 ,portuguese explorations1 #cd4 ,prescott1 ,william1 =tifies ,bre$'s ,hill1 #aei4 ,prideaux1 ,g5]al1 campaign ( aga9/ ,niag>a1 #add4 ,pr9ceton1 battle (1 #aga4 ,pr+1 ,m>t91 voyage (1 #df4 ,pr9t+-press1 introduction ( 9 ,am]ica1 #ha4 ,private]s1 ,briti%1 #bji4 ,prohibition ,p>ty c&idates1 !1 ( #ahhd1 #cei4 ,proprietors' ,rights1 pur*ase (1 #gg4 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i41 f\nd$1 #hj4 ,pulaski1 ,c\nt1 honor$ by ,congress1 #agf2 kill$ at ,savannah1 #ahf4 ,puritans1 sket* ( !1 #di2 "* ( !1 #ic4 ,q ,quak]s1 p]secution ( !1 #hb4 ,quebec1 f\nd$1 #ci2 captur$ by ,wolfe1 #adf2 exp$ition ( ,arnold aga9/1 #afb4 ,que5/[n1 battle (1 #bbf4 ,r ,ragg$ ,regim5t1 ,m>ion's1 #ahh4 ,raleigh1 ,sir ,walt]1 voyage ( ) ,gilb]t1 #dd2 exp$itions (1 #de1 #df4 ,r&olph1 ,edmund1 introduces resolution to adopt a new ,con/itution1 #bjj4 ,rebellion1 ,bacon's1 #gd4 ,recon/ruction1 measures (1 #cbe4 ,r$ ,riv] ,exp$ition1 !1 #caj4 ,re$1 ,?omas ,b41 ,speak] ( ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 #cfe4 ,remonetization ( silv]1 #cci4 ,republic1 ! ,new1 #bjb4 ,resaca de la ,palma1 battle (1 #bfb4 ,resumption ,act1 adoption ( !1 #cci4 ,rev]e1 ,paul1 ride (1 #aeg4 ,revolution1 causes ( !1 #adi-aef2 hi/ory ( !1 #aeg-aih4 ,rhode ,isl&1 f\nd$1 #hj2 hi/ory (1 #aaa-aac2 ratifies ! ,con/itution1 #bjf2 ,dorr's rebellion 91 #beh4 ,ribault1 ,john1 voyages (1 #cg4 ,ri*mond1 capital ( ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy1 #bhc2 fall (1 #cai4 ,rights1 decl>ation (1 #aec4 ,roanoke1 colony at1 #de4 ,rob]val1 ,frances (1 attempts to f\nd colony 9 ,new ,france1 #cg4 ,rodg]s1 ,commodore1 comm&] ( ! ,presid5t1 #bbc4 ,roebl+1 ,john1 ar*itect ( ! ,brooklyn bridge1 #cdh4 ,rolfe1 ,john1 m>riage (1 #fe4 ,rosecrans1 ,w4 ,s41 at ,murfreesbor\gh1 #big2 at ,*ickamauga1 #cjd4 ,ross1 ,g5]al1 captures ,wa%+ton1 #bcg2 exp$ition aga9/ ,baltimore1 #bch4 ,ryswick1 treaty (1 #hi4 ,s ,salem1 f\nd$1 #gh2 wit*craft at1 #hi4 ,samoa1 difficulty 91 #cfc4 ,samoset1 welcomes ! ,pilgrims1 #gf4 ,s&]'s ,creek1 battle (1 #ahh4 ,san ,dom+o ,commission1 !1 #cbi4 ,s&ys1 ,sir ,edwyn1 treasur] ( ,london ,company1 #fh2 s5ds wives to coloni/s1 #fh4 ,san ,gabriel1 battle (1 #bfd4 ,santa ,anna1 call$ to ,mexico1 #bfc2 at ,bu5a ,vi/a & ,c]ro ,gordo1 #bfd2 driv5 f ,mexico1 #bfg4 ,s>atoga1 battle (1 #agd4 ,savannah1 f\nd$1 #aca2 tak5 by ,briti%1 #ahc2 bomb>dm5t (1 #ahe2 tak5 by ,%]man1 #cac4 ,saybrook1 f\nd$1 #ajg4 ,scott1 ,w9field ,s41 at ,lundy's ,lane1 #bce2 comm&]-9-*ief 9 ,mexican w>1 #bfb-bfg2 comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,union1 #bhc2 retires f s]vice1 #bij4 ,seam51 ! impressm5t (1 #bai4 ,secession1 acc\nt ( !1 #bgg4 ,sem9oles1 w> ) !1 #bde1 #beb4 ,sev5 ,days' battles1 !1 #bii4 ,sew>d1 ,william ,h41 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 #bha2 diplomacy (1 #bib2 attempt$ assass9ation (1 #cba4 ,seym\r1 ,horatio1 dea? (1 #ceg4 ,%ackamaxon1 treaty (1 #aai4 ,%]idan1 ,philip ,h41 ravages ,%5&oah valley1 #cah2 ride to ,w9*e/]1 #cah2 g5]al-9-*ief1 #cdh2 dea? (1 #cfg4 ,%]man1 ,rog]1 on decl>ation committee1 #afe4 ,%]man1 ,william ,tecumseh1 at ,*ickasaw ,bay\1 #big2 advance on ,atlanta1 #caa2 captures ,atlanta1 #cab2 m>* to ! sea1 #cab2 resigns comm&1 #cdh2 dea? (1 #cfg4 ,%iloh1 battle (1 #bic4 ,silv]1 remonetization (1 #cci4 ,si\x ,indians1 w> ) !1 #ccc4 ,sitt+ ,bull1 9 ,si\x w>1 #cce4 ,slav]y1 introduction ( 9 ,virg9ia1 #fg2 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #abh2 9 ! ,t]ritories1 #bfi2 abolition (1 #cjb2 am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution1 #cbc4 ,slidell1 ,john1 ,conf$]ate ambassador to ,engl&1 #bia4 ,sl\ght]1 ,colonel1 gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 #ajc4 ,smi?1 ,john1 9 ,london ,company1 #dg2 at ,jame/[n settlem5t1 #dh2 voyages (1 #dh2 names ,new ,engl&1 #di2 admiral ( ,new ,engl&1 #di2 tr\ble ) coloni/s1 #eh2 captur$ by ,indians1 #ei2 rescue by ,pocahontas1 #fj2 explores ,*esapeake ,bay1 #fa2 presid5t ( ,virg9ia1 #fb2 returns to ,engl&1 #fc4 ,smy?1 ,alex&]1 takes comm& ( ,am]ican =ces1 #bbf2 *>g$ ) c[>dice1 #bbg4 ,sons ( ,lib]ty1 organization (1 #aec4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 hi/ory (1 #abh-acj4 ,s\? ,dakota1 admission (1 #cfj4 ,spa91 discov]s & colonizes ,am]ica1 #bd-cd2 treaty )1 #bde4 ,spani% ,florida1 w> )1 #acc4 ,specie ,circul>1 !1 #bee4 ,specie ,resumption1 !1 #cda4 ,spoils ,sy/em1 !1 #cde4 ,spottsylvania ,c\r?\se1 battle (1 #caf4 ,/alw>ts1 !1 #cde4 ,/amp ,act1 adoption ( !1 #aea2 repeal ( !1 #aec4 ,/&i%1 ,miles1 l&+ (1 #ea2 exp$ition (1 #gf4 ,/anton1 ,edw9 ,m41 ,secret>y ( ,w>1 #bha4 ,/>v+ ,"t1 !1 #fc4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 f\nd$1 #cc4 ,/4 ,clair1 exp$ition ( aga9/ ,miami ,indians1 #bjg4 ,/eamboat1 inv5tion (1 #bbj4 ,/eph5s1 ,alex&]1 def5ds !ory ( secession1 #bgg2 ,vice-presid5t ( ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy1 #bgg4 ,/eph5son1 ,=t1 siege (1 #bbi4 ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]1 nam$1 #cf4 ,/ony ,po9t1 tak5 by ,briti%1 #ahd2 retak5 by ,g5]al ,wayne1 #ahd4 ,/rike1 ! great railroad1 #ccg2 ! s\?we/]n1 #ceb4 ,/uyvesant1 ,pet]1 gov]nor ( ,new ,ne!rl&s1 #ig-ii4 ,sumt]1 ,=t1 fir$ ^u1 #bhb4 ,sumt]1 ,?omas1 raids (1 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #ahh4 ,supreme ,c\rt1 organization (1 #bjf4 ,t ,talladega1 battle (1 #bca4 ,t>iff1 ! protective1 agitation (1 #bdi2 issue 9 presid5tial campaign1 #ceh1 #cei4 ,taylor1 ,bay>d1 au?or ( ,national ,ode1 #ccc2 dea? (1 #cdc4 ,taylor1 ,za*>y1 campaign 9 ,florida1 #bed2 campaigns 9 ,mexican ,w>1 #bfa-bfd2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bfh2 adm9i/ration (1 #bfi-bgj2 dea? (1 #bgj4 ,tea ,p>ty1 ! ,bo/on1 #aee4 ,tecum?a1 conspiracy (1 #bbb2 lays ambu%1 #bbd2 besieges ,=t ,meigs1 #bbh1 #bbi2 dea? (1 #bca4 ,telegraph1 inv5tion ( !1 #bfj4 ,telephone1 inv5tion ( !1 #cdg4 ,t5nessee1 admission (1 #baj4 ,t]ritory1 s\?we/ ( ! ,ohio1 organization ( !1 #bjg4 ,t]ritories1 organization ( !1 #cbe4 ,texas1 sec$es f ,mexico1 #bfj2 annexation (1 #bfj4 ,?ames1 battle ( !1 #bcj4 ,ticond]oga1 defeat ( ,engli% at1 #adc2 ab&on$ by ,fr5*1 #ade2 tak5 by ,e?an ,all51 #aei2 captur$ by ,briti%1 #agc4 ,tild51 ,samuel ,j41 election z ,presid5t claim$ by ,democrats1 #cee2 dea? (1 #ceg4 ,tippecanoe1 battle (1 #bbc4 ,tobacco1 cultivation (1 #fg4 ,toronto1 attack$ by ,am]icans1 #bca4 ,treaty ) ,indians1 #gg2 ( ,ryswick1 #hi2 ( ,utre*t1 #ib2 ( ,aix-la-,*apelle1 #ic2 ( ,%ackamaxon1 #aai2 ( ,p>is1 #adf2 ) ,france1 #agh2 ( #aghc1 #aig2 ) ,france1 #bab2 ( ,gh5t1 #bda2 ) ,spa91 #bde2 ! ,web/]-,a%burton1 #beh2 ( ,guadalupe ,hidalgo1 #bfg2 ( ,wa%+ton1 #ccj4 ,tr5t1 affair ( !1 #bia4 ,tr5ton1 battle at1 #afi4 ,tripoli1 w> )1 #baf4 ,truxtun1 ,commodore1 #bab4 ,tyl]1 ,john1 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #bef2 becomes ,presid5t1 #beg2 sket* (1 #beh2 adm9i/ration (1 #beh-bfj4 ,u ,und]hill1 ,john1 comm&s ,dut* =ces1 #if4 ,union ( ,indep5d5t ,colonies1 !1 #bjj4 ,unit$ ,colonies ( ,new ,engl&1 #hb4 ,unit$ ,colonies ( ,am]ica1 !1 #afa4 ,utah ,t]ritory1 f\nd$1 #bei2 difficulties 91 #bge4 ,utre*t1 treaty (1 #ib4 ,v ,valley ,=ge1 ,am]ican army at1 #agg4 ,van ,bur51 ,m>t91 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bec2 sket* (1 #bed2 adm9i/ration (1 #bed-bef4 ,van ,r5ssela]1 ,/eph51 at ,que5/[n1 #bbf4 ,van ,twill]1 ,w\t]1 gov]nor ( ,new ,ne!rl&s1 #ie4 ,v5ango1 ,=t1 built1 #acf4 ,v]a ,cruz1 surr5d] (1 #bfd4 ,v]mont1 admission (1 #bjg4 ,v]razano1 ,john1 explorations (1 #ce4 ,vespucci1 ,am]igo1 voyages (1 #bf4 ,vicksburg1 battle (1 #cjc4 ,v9c5nes1 capture (1 #ahc4 ,virg9ia nam$1 #de2 colonization (1 #dh2 hi/ory (1 #eg-ge4 ,w ,wadswor?1 ,joseph1 hides ! *>t]1 #hg4 ,waite1 ,morrison ,r41 ,*ief-ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dea? (1 #ceg4 ,wallace1 ,lewis1 at ,romney1 #bhi2 saves ,c9c9nati f capture1 #bif2 defeat$ by ,e>ly1 #cag4 ,walloons1 at ,new ,am/]dam1 #id4 ,walk]1 ,francis ,a41 sup]9t5d5t ( ,t5? ,c5sus1 #cdb4 ,w>1 ) ,indians1 #ib1 #if2 ) ,susquehannas1 #gc2 ,k+ ,philip's1 #hd2 ,k+ ,william's1 #hh2 ,que5 ,anne's1 #ia2 ,k+ ,george's1 #ib2 ) ,pequods1 #ajg2 ,yamassees1 #abi2 ) ,spani% ,florida1 #acc2 ,fr5* & ,indian1 #ace-adf2 ) ,great ,brita91 #aeg-aih2 ) ,miamis1 #bjg2 ) ,tripoli1 #baf2 ( #ahab1 #bba-bda2 ,black ,hawk1 #bea2 ,sem9ole1 #beb2 ) ,mexico1 #bfa-bfg2 ! ,civil1 #bha-cai2 ,modoc1 #ccb2 ,si\x1 #ccc2 ,nez ,p]c1 #cch4 ,w>r51 ,joseph1 at ,bunk] ,hill1 #afj4 ,wa%+ton1 admission (1 #cfj4 ,wa%+ton ,city1 f\nd$1 #bac2 burn$ by ! ,briti%1 #bch4 ,wa%+ton1 ,george1 embassy to ,/4 ,pi]re1 #acf2 at ,great ,mead[s1 #ach2 ) ,braddock1 #aci2 9 ,%5&oah1 #adb2 aga9/ ,=t ,du ,quesne1 #add2 comm&]-9-*ief1 #afa2 sket* (1 #afa2 besieges ,bo/on1 #afb2 occupies ,bo/on1 #afc2 at ,new ,york1 #afd2 on ,long ,isl&1 #aff2 retreats to ,new ,york1 #afg2 occupies ,=t ,lee1 #afh2 retreats to ,tr5ton1 #afi2 crosses ! ,delaw>e1 #afi2 at ,tr5ton1 #agj2 at ,pr9ceton1 #aga2 at ,br&yw9e1 #agf2 at ,g]mant[n1 #agf2 at ,valley ,=ge1 #agg2 at ,monm\?1 #ahj2 quells mut9y1 #aib2 f>ewell to army1 #aih2 elect$ ,presid5t1 #bjb2 adm9i/ration (1 #bje-baj2 inauguration (1 #bje2 reelect$1 #bjh2 f>ewell address1 #baj2 recall$ f retirem5t1 #bab2 dea? (1 #bac4 ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 completion ( !1 #cdh4 ,wa%+ton1 ,treaty (1 #ccj4 ,wayne1 ,an?ony1 at ,/ony ,po9t1 #ahd2 subdues ! ,indians1 #bjh1 #bji4 ,web/]1 ,daniel1 reply to ,hayne1 #bea2 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 #beg1 #bga2 concludes ,a%burton ,treaty1 #beh2 dea? (1 #bgb4 ,wesley1 ,*>les1 9 ,am]ica1 #acc4 ,wesley1 ,john1 9 ,am]ica1 #acb4 ,we/ ,india ,company1 ! ,dut*1 organization (1 #id4 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 admission (1 #cji4 ,weym\?1 f\nd$1 #gg4 ,:eel]1 ,william ,a41 elect$ ,vice-presid5t1 #ccf4 ,:isky ,insurrection1 !1 #bjh4 ,:itefield1 ,george1 prea*+ 9 ,am]ica1 #acc4 ,:item>%1 op]ations at1 #agf4 ,:ite ,pla9s1 battle (1 #afh4 ,:itney1 ,eli1 inv5tor ( cotton g91 #bhe4 ,wild]ness1 battles 9 !1 #caf4 ,w+field1 ,edw>d1 9 ,london ,company1 #dg2 at ,jame/[n settlem5t1 #dh2 embezzles /ores1 #eh4 ,william ,h5ry1 ,=t1 build+ (1 #adb2 massacre at1 #adc4 ,williams1 ,rog]1 arraign$ = h]esy1 #gi2 bani%$ f ,massa*usetts1 #hj2 ) ! ,n>ragansetts1 #ajg2 f\nds ,provid5ce1 #aaa2 f\nds ,rhode ,isl&1 #aab4 ,wilson's ,creek1 battle (1 #bij4 ,w9?rop1 ,john1 gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts1 #gi4 ,w9?rop1 ! y\ng]1 f\nds ,saybrook1 #ajg2 secures *>t] = ,connecticut1 #aji4 ,wiscons91 admission (1 #bfh4 ,wit*craft 9 ,salem1 #hi-ia4 ,wives = coloni/s1 #fh4 ,wolfe1 ,g5]al1 captures ,quebec1 #ade2 dea? (1 #adf4 ,_w's ,fair 9 ,new ,york1 !1 #bgd4 ,writs ( ,assi/ance1 !1 #aej4 ,wyatt1 ,sir ,francis1 gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 #fh2 retires f (fice1 #gj2 reelect$1 #ba4 ,wyom+1 massacre (1 #ahj4 ,wyom+1 organization ( ,t]ritory1 #cbe2 admission ( ,/ate1 #cff4 ,y ,yale ,college1 f\nd$1 #aaj4 ,yamassees1 w> ) !1 #abi4 ,yeamans1 ,sir ,john1 gov]nor ( ,c>ol9a1 #abh4 ,ye>dley1 ,george1 appo9t$ gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 #fg2 reappo9t$1 #gj2 dea? (1 #gj4 ,yell[ fev] epidemic1 !1 #cci4 ,yorkt[n1 siege (1 #aif4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,transcrib] notes3 ,tags t surr\nd ! words3 ,wyom+ indicate bold4 fi% indicate italics4 ,words 9 small capitals are %[n 9 ,,upp]case4 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ! p>agraph4 ,sid5otes h be5 mov$ out ( p>agraphs4 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation & v>iant spell+ rema94 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------