,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,*>act]s prec$$ by a c>et77 are 9 sup]script1 & are enclos$ 9 curly brackets1 i4 e4 ?4 ,italicis$ text delimit$ by und]scores4 ,!re are _m special *>act]s 9 ?is text t require a utf-#h compliant font4 ,if y f9d *>act]s t appe> z a "q m>k 9 a black box or a small rectangle ) numb]s 9 x1 y %\ld *eck y\r read]'s default font4 ,if y h a font in/all$ ) ,,sil aft] ! font "n1 y %\ld use t "o4 ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,ri*>d ,,hurd1 ,d4,d4 ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,worce/]4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,ni*ols & ,son1 ,r$ ,lion ,passage1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,"r ,rev]5d ,,ri*>d ,,hurd1 ,d4 ,d4 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,worce/]4 ,t4 ,ga9sbor\gh p9x4 ,j4 ,hall sculp4 ,f ! ,orig9al ,picture 9 ! ,possession ( h] ,maje/y4 ,publi%$ ,m>* #a/4 #ahaa4 by ,t4 ,cadell ,w4 ,davies1 ,/r&1 ,london4 ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,ri*>d ,,hurd1 ,d4 ,d4 ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,worce/]4 ,,9 ,,eight ,,volumes4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,illu/ration ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,t4 ,,cadell ,,& ,w4 ,,davies1 ,,/r&4 #ahaa4 ,,dates ,,( ,,"s ,,occurr5ces ,,9 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,! foll[+ ,p>ticul>s1 9 ! ,au?or's own h&-writ+1 & endors$ by him--8,"s ,occurr5ces 9 my ,life4 ,r4 ,w40--7 f\nd among/ 8 pap]s aft] 8 decease4 ,,dates ,( "s ,occurr5ces 9 my own ,life4 ,sid5ote3 ,a4 ,d4 ,sid5ote3 #agai-bj ,ri*>d ,hurd 0 born at ,congreve1 9 ! ,p>i% ( ,p5kri*1 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,/af=d1 ,janu>y #ac1 #agai-bj4 ,he 0 ! second ( ?ree *ildr51 all sons1 ( ,john & ,hannah ,hurd2 pla91 hone/1 & good p2 ( :om he c truly say ) ! poet-- ,si natura jub]et1 c4 ,!y r5t$ a consid]able f>m at ,congreve1 :5 he 0 born2 b soon aft] remov$ to a l>g] at ,p5=d1 ab\t half way betwe5 ,brewood & ,wolv]hampton 9 ! same ,c\nty4 ,!re be+ a good ,gramm> ,s*ool at ,brewood1 he 0 educat$ !re "u ! ,rev]5d ,mr4 ,hillman1 &1 ^u 8 dea?1 "u 8 successor1 ! ,rev]5d ,mr4 ,budwor?--bo? well qualifi$ = _! (fice1 & bo? v k9d to him4 ,mr4 ,budwor? _h be5 ,ma/] ( ! ,s*ool at ,rudgely2 :]e he cont9u$ two ye>s aft] 8 election to ,brewood1 :ile ! ,s*ool-h\se1 :i* _h be5 mu* neglect$1 0 repair+4 ,he 0 !re=e s5t to ,rudgely imm$iately on ,mr4 ,budwor?'s appo9tm5t to ,brewood1 return$ ) him to ?is place1 & cont9u$ "u 8 c>e1 till he w5t to ! ,univ]sity4 ,he mu/ add "o ^w m ( 8 second ,ma/]4 ,he knew him well1 :5 he aft]w>ds 0 ( an age to judge ( 8 m]its4 ,he _h be5 a s*ol> ( ! fam\s ,mr4 ,blackwell ( ,d]by1 & aft]w>ds br$ at ,*ri/'s ,college 9 ,cambridge1 :]e he resid$ till he _h tak5 8 ,m4 ,a4's degree4 ,he und]/ood ,greek & ,lat9 well1 & _h a true ta/e ( ! be/ writ]s 9 ^? languages4 ,he 01 besides1 a polite1 well-br$ man1 & s+ul>ly att5tive to ! mann]s1 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 ( 8 s*ol>s4 ,he _h a w>m s5se ( virtue & religion1 & en=c$ bo? ) a natural & tak+ eloqu5ce4 ,h[ happy1 to h _h su* a man1 fir/1 = 8 s*ool-ma/]1 & !n = 8 fri5d4 ,sid5ote3 #agcc ,"u s good direction1 he 0 ?\ght fit = ! ,univ]sity1 & 0 accord+ly admitt$ 9 ,emanuel ,college1 9 ,cambridge1 ,octob] #c1 #agcc1 b did n g to reside !re till a ye> or two aft]w>ds4 ,9 ?is college1 he 0 happy 9 receiv+ ! c\nt5ance1 & 9 be+ p]mitt$ to att5d ! ,lectures1 ( t excell5t ,tutor1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hubb>d1 al?\gh he _h be5 admitt$ "u ano!r p]son4 ,sid5ote3 #agch-i ,he took 8 ,b4 ,a4's degree 9 #agch-i4 ,sid5ote3 #agdb ,he took 8 ,m4 ,a4's degree1 & 0 elect$ fell[ 9 #agdb4 ,0 orda9$ ,deacon1 #ac? ( ,june t ye> 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ,london1 by ,dr4 ,jos4 ,butl]1 ,bi%op ( ,bri/ol & ,dean ( ,/4 ,paul's1 on ,lett]s ,dimissory f ,dr4 ,goo*1 ,bi%op ( ,norwi*4 ,sid5ote3 #agdd ,0 orda9$ ,prie/1 #bj ,may #agdd 9 ! ,*apel ( ,gonville & ,caius ,college1 ,cambridge1 by ! ,bi%op ( ,norwi*1 ,dr4 ,goo*4 ,sid5ote3 #agdi ,he took 8 ,b4 ,d4's degree 9 #agdi4 ,sid5ote3 #agej ,he publi%$ ! same ye> ,rem>ks on ,mr4 ,we/on's book on ! ,rejection ( ,hea!n ,miracles1 & 8 ,comm5t>y on ,horace's ,ars ,poetica2 :i* la/ book introduc$ him to ! acqua9tance ( ,mr4 ,w>burton1 by ^: recomm5dation to ! ,bi%op ( ,london1 ,dr4 ,%]lock1 he 0 appo9t$ ,:itehall ,prea*] 9 ,may #agej4 ,sid5ote3 #agea ,he publi%$ ! ,comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le to ,augu/us 9 #agea4 ,sid5ote3 #agec --! new edition ( bo? ,comm5ts1 ) ,d$ication to ,mr4 ,w>burton1 9 #agec4 ,sid5ote3 #agee --! ,diss]tation on ! ,delicacy ( ,fri5d%ip 9 #agee4 ,8 ,fa!r di$ ,nov4 #bg ?is ye>1 t4 #gj4 ,sid5ote3 #ageg ,he publi%$ ! ,rem>ks on ,hume's ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,religion 9 #ageg4 ,0 in/itut$ ?is ye>1 ,feb4 #af1 to ! ,rectory ( ,?urca/on1 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,leice/]1 on ! pres5tation ( ,emanuel ,college4 ,sid5ote3 #agei ,he publi%$ ,moral & ,political ,dialogues #agei4 ,sid5ote3 #agfb ,he _h ! ,s9e-cure ,rectory ( ,folkton1 ne> ,bridl+ton1 ,york%ire1 giv5 him by ! ,"l ,*ancellor 7,e>l ( ,nor?+ton7 on ! recomm5dation ( ,mr4 ,all51 ( ,prior ,p>k1 ne> ,ba?1 ,novemb] #b1 #agfb4 ,he publi%$ ! ,lett]s on ,*ivalry & ,romance ?is ye>4 ,sid5ote3 #agfc --,dialogues on ,=eign ,travel 9 #agfc4 ,sid5ote3 #agfd ,& ,lett] to ,dr4 ,lel& ( ,dubl9 9 #agfd4 ,sid5ote3 #agfe ,he 0 made ,prea*] ( ,l9coln's ,inn1 on ! recomm5dation ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,yorke1 c4 ,novemb] #f1 #agfe4 ,sid5ote3 #agfg ,0 collat$ to ! ,ar*deaconry ( ,gl\ce/]1 on ! dea? ( ,dr4 ,geekie1 by ! ,bi%op1 ,augu/ #bg1 #agfg4 ,sid5ote3 #agfh ,0 appo9t$ to op5 ! ,lecture ( ,bi%op ,w>burton on ,prophecy 9 #agfh4 ,he took ! degree ( ,d4 ,d4 at ,cambridge ,comm5cem5t ?is ye>4 ,sid5ote3 #aggb ,he publi%$ ! ,s]mons on ,prophecy 9 #aggb4 ,sid5ote3 #aggc ,8 ,"m di$ ,feb4 #bg1 #aggc1 t4 #hh4 ,sid5ote3 #agge ,he 0 consecrat$ ,bi%op ( ,li*field & ,cov5try1 ! #ab? ( ,febru>y #agge4 ,sid5ote3 #aggf ,he publi%$ ! #a/ ,volume ( ,s]mons prea*$ at ,l9coln's ,inn1 #aggf4 ,& 0 made ,preceptor to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales & 8 bro!r ,pr9ce ,fr$]ick1 ! #e? ( ,june ! same ye>4 ,prea*$ be=e ! ,lords1 ,decemb] #ac1 #aggf1 fir/ ,fa/ = ! w>4 ,sid5ote3 #aggi ,he lo/ 8 old & be/ fri5d1 ,bi%op ,w>burton1 ,june #g?1 #aggi4 ,sid5ote3 #aghj ,he publi%$ ! #b;d & #c;d ,volumes ( ,s]mons 9 #aghj4 ,^! ?ree ,volumes 7 publi%$ at ! desire ( ! ,b5* ( ,l9coln's ,inn4 ,sid5ote3 #agha ,he 0 elect$ ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,gott+51 ,janu>y #aa1 #agha4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] ,dr4 ,?omas di$ ,tuesday1 ,may #a1 #agha4 ,receiv$ a graci\s lett] f 8 ,maje/y ! next morn+1 by a special mess5g] f ,w9dsor1 ) ! (f] ( ! ,see ( ,worce/]1 9 ! room ( ,bi%op ,nor?1 to be translat$ to ,w9*e/]1 & ( ! ,cl]k%ip ( ! ,closet1 9 ! room ( ! late ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]4 ,on 8 arrival at ,h>tlebury ,ca/le 9 ,july t ye>1 resolv$ to put ! ,ca/le into complete ord]1 & to build a ,libr>y1 :i* 0 mu* want$4 ,sid5ote3 #aghb ,! ,libr>y 0 f9i%$ 9 #aghb & furni%$ ) a collection ( books1 late ,bi%op ,w>burton's1 & ord]$ by 8 ,w to be sold1 & ! value giv5 to ! ,infirm>y at ,gl\ce/] ,sid5ote3 #aghc ,to ^!1 o!r consid]able additions h be5 s9ce made4 ,ar*bi%op ,cornwallis di$ 9 #aghc4 ,_h ! (f] ( ! ,ar*bi%oprick f 8 ,maje/y1 ) _m graci\s expressions1 & press$ to accept x2 b humbly begg$ leave to decl9e x1 z a *>ge n suit$ to 8 temp] & tal5ts1 & mu* too heavy = him to su/a91 especially 9 ^! times4 ,! ,k+ 0 pleas$ n to take (f5ce at ?is fre$om1 & !n to ent] ) him into "s confid5tial conv]sation on ! subject4 ,x 0 (f]$ to ! ,bi%op ( ,london1 ,dr4 ,l[?1 & refus$ by him1 z 0 =ese51 on acc\nt ( 8 ill heal?4 ,x 0 !n giv5 to ,dr4 ,moore1 ,bi%op ( ,bangor4 ,sid5ote3 #aghd ,add$ a consid]able numb] ( books to ! new ,libr>y at ,h>tlebury 9 #aghd4 ,sid5ote3 #aghe ,confirm$ ,pr9ce ,edw>d _! ,maje/ies' #d? son 9 ! ,*apel ( ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 ,may #ad?1 #aghe4 ,add$ m books to ! ,libr>y ?is ye>4 ,& put ! la/ h& 7at lea/ he ?9ks s7 to ! ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/]'s ,life1 to be prefix$ to ! new edition ( 8 works n[ 9 ! press4 ,confirm$ ,pr9cess ,augu/a _! ,maje/ies' second daught] 9 ! ,*apel ( ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 ,dec4 ! #bd? ?is ye>4 ,prea*$ 9 ! ,*apel ! next day 7,*ri/mas day7 & adm9i/]$ ! ,sacram5t to _! ,maje/ies & ! ,pr9cess ,royal & ,pr9cess ,augu/a4 ,sid5ote3 #aghf ,prea*$ be=e ! ,lords ! #cj? ( ,janu>y #aghf4 ,8 ,maje/y 0 pleas$ ?is ye> to be/[ a preb5d ( ,worce/] vacant by ! dea? ( ,dr4 ,"y on my ,*apla91 ,mr4 ,kilv]t4 ,prea*$ be=e _! ,maje/ies & ,royal ,family 9 ! ,*apel ( ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 & adm9i/]$ ! ,sacram5t to !m1 on ,*ri/mas day #aghf4 ,sid5ote3 #aghh ,9 ! end ( ,febru>y ?is ye>1 #aghh1 0 publi%$ 9 sev5 volumes #dto a complete edition ( ! works ( ,bi%op ,w>burton4 ,! ,life is omitt$ = ! pres5t4 ,m>* #ac1 #aghh1 a f9e gold ,m$al 0 ?is day giv5 me by 8 ,maje/y at ! ,que5's ,h\se4 ,! ,k+'s head on "o side4 ,! ,rev]se 0 tak5 f a ,seal ( m9e#a1 :i* 8 ,maje/y *anc$ to see1 & approv$4 ,! ,die 0 cut by ,mr4 ,bur*1 & ! ,m$al design$ = ! annual ,prize-,diss]tation on ,!ological ,subjects 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,gott+54 ,sid5ote3 ,july #ab4 ,?is summ] ! ,k+ came to ,*elt5ham to dr9k ! wat]s1 & 0 att5d$ by ! ,que51 ! ,pr9cess ,royal1 & ! ,pr9cesses ,augu/a & ,elizabe?4 ,!y arriv$ at ,*elt5ham 9 ! ev5+ ( ,saturday ,july ! #ab?1 & resid$ 9 a h\se ( ,e>l ,falconb]g4 ,f ,*elt5ham !y made excursions to sev]al places 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire & ,worce/]%ire1 & 7 e :]e receiv$ ) joy by all ranks ( p4 ,sid5ote3 ,aug4 #b ,on ,saturday1 ,augu/ ! second1 ,!y 7 pleas$ to visit ,h>tlebury1 at ! di/ance ( ?irty-?ree miles1 or m4 ,! ,duke ( ,york came f ,london to ,*elt5ham ! day be=e1 & 0 pleas$ to come ) !m4 ,!y arriv$ at ,h>tlebury at half an h\r pa/ elev54 ,"l ,c\rt\n1 ,mr4 ,digby 7! ,que5's ,vice-,*amb]la971 ,col4 ,gw9 7"o ( ! ,k+'s ,equ]ries71 ! ,c\ntesses ( ,h>c\rt & ,c\rt\n1 compos$ ! suite4 ,_! ,maje/ies1 aft] see+ ! ,h\se1 breakfa/$ 9 ! ,libr>y2 &1 :5 !y _h repos$ !mselves "s "t1 walk$ into ! ,g>d51 & took sev]al turns on ! ,t]rases1 especially ! ,gre5 ,t]ras 9 ! ,*apel ,g>d54 ,"h !y %ew$ !mselves to an imm5se cr\d ( p1 :o flock$ 9 f ! neighb\rhood1 & /&+ on ! ris+ gr\nds 9 ! ,p>k1 saw1 & 7 se51 to great advantage4 ,! day be+ extremely bright1 ! %ew 0 agreeable & /rik+4 ,ab\t two o'clock1 _! ,maje/ies1 c4 return$ to ,*elt5ham4 ,sid5ote3 ,aug4 #e4 ,on ! ,tuesday foll[+1 ,augu/ ! fif?1 _! ,maje/ies1 ) ! ?ree ,pr9cesses1 arriv$ at #h o'clock 9 ! ev5+ at ! ,bi%op's ,palace 9 ,worce/]1 to att5d ! *>itable meet+ ( ! ?ree ,quires ( ,worce/]1 ,h]e=d1 & ,gl\ce/]1 = ! b5efit ( ! wid[s & orphans ( ! poor] ,cl]gy ( ^? ,dioceses2 :i* _h be5 fix$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! signification ( ! ,k+'s int5tion to hon\r t solemnity ) 8 pres5ce1 = ! #f?1 #g?1 & #h? ( t mon?4 ,! next morn+ a little be=e #aj o'clock1 ! ,k+ 0 pleas$ to receive ! complim5ts ( ! ,cl]gy4 ,! ,bi%op1 9 ! "n ( himself1 ,dean & ,*apt] & ,cl]gy ( ! ,*ur* & ,diocese1 address$ ! ,k+ 9 ! ,great ,hall1 9 a %ort spee*#b1 to :i* 8 ,maje/y 0 pleas$ to return a graci\s answ]4 ,he _h !n ! hon\r to address ! ,que5 9 a few words1 to :i* a graci\s reply 0 made2 & !y _h all ! hon\r to kiss ! ,k+'s & ,que5's h&4 ,soon aft] #aj1 ! ,corporation1 by _! ,record]1 ! ,e>l ( ,cov5try1 address$ & w5t ?r\gh ! same c]emony ( kiss+ ! ,k+'s h&4 ,!n ! ,k+ _h a ,leve 9 ! ,great ,hall1 :i* la/$ till #aa1 :5 _! ,maje/ies1 c4 walk$ ?r\gh ! ,c\rt ( ! ,palace to ! ,ca!dral1 to att5d div9e ,s]vice & a ,s]mon4 ,! ,app>itor ,g5]al1 #b ,sextons1 #b ,virg]s1 & #h ,beadsm51 walk$ be=e ! ,k+ 7z on great occasions !y usually d be=e ! ,bi%op72 ! ,"l 9 wait+ 7,e>l ( ,ox=d7 on ! ,k+'s "r h&1 & ! ,bi%op 9 8 lawn on ! left4 ,aft] ! ,k+1 came ! ,que5 & ,pr9cesses1 att5d$ by ! ,c\ntesses ( ,pembroke & ,h>c\rt 7,ladies ( ! ,b$-*amb]71 & ! ,c\ntess ( ,c\rt[n1 & ! re/ ( _! ,suite4 ,at ! entrance ( ! ,ca!dral1 _! ,maje/ies 7 receiv$ by ! ,dean & ,*apt] 9 _! ,surplices & hoods1 & conduct$ to ! foot ( ! /airs lead+ to _! seat 9 a ,gall]y prep>$ & ri*ly furni%$ by ! ,/ew>ds#c = _! use1 at ! bottom ( ! ,*ur* ne> ! ,we/ w9d[4 ,! same c]emony 0 obs]v$ ! two foll[+ days1 on :i* !y he>d sacr$ music1 b )\t pray]s or a s]mon4 ,on ! la/ day ,aug4 #h?1 ! ,k+ 0 pleas$ to give 4#bjj to ! *>ity3 & 9 ! ev5+ att5d$ a conc]t 9 ! ,college ,hall = ! b5efit ( ! ,/ew>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,aug4 #i ,on ,saturday morn+1 ,aug4 #i?1 ! ,k+ & ,que51 c4 return$ to ,*elt5ham4 ,dur+ _! ,maje/ies' /ay at ! ,palace1 !y att5d$ pray]s 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,palace e morn+ 7except ! fir/1 :5 ! s]vice 0 p]=m$ 9 ! ,*ur*7 :i* 7 read by ! ,bi%op4 ,! ,k+ at p>t+ 0 pleas$ to put into my h&s = ! poor ( ! ,city 4#ej1 & ! ,que5 4#ej m2 :i* ,i desir$ ! ,mayor 7,mr4 ,davis7 to see di/ribut$ among/ !m 9 a prop] mann]4 ,! ,k+ also left 4#cjj 9 my h&s t[>ds releas+ ! ,debtors 9 ! ,c\nty & ,city ,jails4 ,dur+ ! ?ree days at ,worce/]1 ! conc\rse ( p ( all ranks 0 imm5se1 & ! joy univ]sal4 ,! wea!r 0 uncommonly f9e4 ,& no accid5t ( any k9d int]rupt$ ! mutual satisfaction1 :i* 0 giv51 & receiv$1 on ?is occasion4 ,sid5ote3 ,aug4 #af ,on ,saturday1 ,augu/ #af1 ! ,k+ & ,royal ,family left ,*elt5ham1 & return$ t ev5+ to ,w9dsor4 ,sid5ote3 ,nov4 #a ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb] foll[+1 ,sid5ote3 #aghi ,sid5ote3 ,feb4 #bh ! ,k+ 0 seiz$ ) t illness1 :i* 0 s mu* lam5t$4 ,x cont9u$ till ! end ( ,febru>y #aghi1 :5 8 ,maje/y happily recov]$4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>4 #ae ,soon aft] ,i _h 8 ,maje/y's comm& to att5d him at ,kew2 & on ,m>* #ae1 ,i adm9i/]$ ! ,sacram5t to 8 ,maje/y at ,w9dsor 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,ca/le1 z also on ,ea/] ,sunday1 ,april #ab1 ,sid5ote3 ,april #ab & prea*$ bo? days4 ,at ! ,sacram5t ( ,m>* #ae1 ! ,k+ 0 att5d$ only by ?ree or f\r ( 8 ,g5tlem53 ,on ,ea/]-day1 ! ,que51 ,pr9cess ,royal1 & ,pr9cesses ,augu/a & ,elizabe?1 ) sev]al ,lords & ,g5tlem5 & ,ladies ( ! ,c\rt1 att5d$ ! ,k+ to ! ,*apel1 & receiv$ ! ,sacram5t ) him4 ,sid5ote3 ,april #bc ,on ,april #bc ,/4 ,george's ,day a public ?anksgiv+ = ! ,k+'s recov]y 0 appo9t$4 ,8 ,maje/y1 ! ,que51 & ,royal ,family1 ) ! two ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 c4 w5t 9 procession to ,/4 ,paul's4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,london prea*$4 ,i 0 n well en\gh to be !re4 ,sid5ote3 #agij ,sid5ote3 ,may #bh ,may #bh1 #agij1 ! ,duke ( ,montagu di$4 ,he 0 a nobleman ( s+ul> wor? & virtue2 ( an exempl>y life2 & ( ! be/ pr9ciples 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,z ,gov]nor to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales & ,pr9ce ,fr$]ick1 he 0 v att5tive to 8 *>ge1 & execut$ t tru/ ) great propriety & dignity4 ,! ,preceptor 0 hon\r$ ) 8 confid5ce3 & !re nev] 0 ! lea/ misund]/&+ betwe5 !m2 or s mu* z a diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! mann] 9 :i* ! education ( ! ,pr9ces %\ld be conduct$4 ,9 ,octob] #agij1 ,i _h ! hon\r to receive f ! ,k+ ! pres5t ( two f9e full-l5g? pictures ( 8 ,maje/y & ! ,que51 copi$ f ^? at ! ,que5's ,h\se1 ,/4 ,james's ,p>k1 pa9t$ by ! late ,mr4 ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,^! pictures are put up 9 ! great ,draw+-room at ! ,palace 9 ,worce/]1 & betwixt !m1 ov] ! fire-place1 is fix$ an oval tablet ( :ite m>ble ) ! foll[+ ,inscription 9 ,gold ,lett]s4 8,hospes1 ,imag9es1 quas contempl>is1 ,augu/orum ,pr9cipum1 ,georgii ,,iii1 et ,*>lott ,conjugis1 ,rex ipse ,ri*>do ,episcopo ,vigorni5si ,donavit1 #agij40 ,sid5ote3 #agia ,sid5ote3 ,sept4 #ag ,my y\ng] ,bro!r1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,hurd1 ( ,birm+ham1 di$ on ,saturday1 ,sept4 #ag1 #agia4 ,sid5ote3 #agib ,sid5ote3 ,dec4 #f ,my eld] ,bro!r1 ,mr4 ,john ,hurd1 ( ,hatton1 ne> ,%ifnal1 di$ on ,?ursday1 ,decemb] #f1 #agib4 ,sid5ote3 #agic ,sid5ote3 ,m>* #bj ,my noble & hon\r$ fri5d1 ! ,e>l ( ,mansfield1 di$ ,m>* #bj1 #agic4 ,sid5ote3 #agie ,sid5ote3 ,jan4 #ai ,my old & mu* e/eem$ fri5d1 ,dr4 ,balguy1 ,preb5d>y & ,ar*deacon ( ,w9*e/]1 di$ ,janu>y #ai1 #agie4 ,sid5ote3 ,feb4 #bd ,! ,life ( ,bi%op ,w>burton1 :i* 0 s5t to ! press 9 ,autumn la/1 0 n pr9t$ (f till ! end ( ,janu>y1 nor publi%$ till t[>ds ! end ( ,febru>y ?is ye>4 ,sid5ote3 ,dec4 #a ,pr9t$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is ye> at ! ,kidd]m9/] press a ,collection ( ,bi%op ,w>burton's ,lett]s to me1 to be publi%$ aft] my dea? = ! b5efit ( ! ,worce/] ,infirm>y4--,! edition consi/$ ( #bej ,copies1 #dto--0 f9i%$ at ! press 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb]4 ,sid5ote3 #agif ,sid5ote3 ,june #ag to #cj ,9 ! ,summ] ( #agif visit$ my ,diocese 9 p]son1 ,i h great reason to suppose = ! la/ "t2 be+ 9 ! #gg? ye> ( my age--fiat voluntas ,dei6 ,sid5ote3 ,sept4 #a ,mrs4 ,/af=d ,smi?1 late ,mrs4 ,w>burton1 di$ at ,fladbury1 ,septemb] #a1 #agif4 ,sid5ote3 #agig ,sid5ote3 ,april #e ,mr4 ,mason di$ at ,a/on1 ,april #e1 #agig4 ,he 0 "o ( my olde/ & mo/ respect$ fri5ds4 ,h[ few ( ?is description n[ rema96 ,sid5ote3 #agii ,sid5ote3 ,jan4 #bd ,by ,god's great m]cy ent] ?is day #bd ,jan4 #agii into my #hj? ye>4 ,ps4 xc4 #aj4 ,b see1 #a ,cor4 xv4 #bb4 ,rom4 viii4 #ah4 #a ,pet4 i4 #c-e4 4 #b ,cor4 ix4 #ae4 ,sid5ote3 ,may #bg to ,june #ad ,x pleas$ ,god t ,i 0 able ?is ,summ] to confirm ov] all p>ts ( my ,diocese4 ,sid5ote3 #ahjj ,sid5ote3 ,june #f to #ag ,& to visit my ,diocese 9 p]son once m 9 ,june #ahjj4--,l4 ,d4 ,sid5ote3 #ahja ,sid5ote3 ,may #af ,lo/ my old & wor?y fri5d ,dr4 ,heb]d51 9 ! #ia/ or #ibnd ye> ( 8 age1 ,may #af1 #ahja4 ,sid5ote3 #ahjb ,sid5ote3 ,june #ae ,consecrat$1 on ,tuesday ! #ae? ( ,june1 #ahjb1 ! new ,*ur* & ,*ur*-y>d ( ,l[] ,eat+ton1 ne> ,%ip/on1 9 ,w>wick%ire4 ,sid5ote3 ,aug4 #e ,my mo/ des]v+1 unhappy1 fri5d1 ,dr4 ,william ,arnald1 di$ at ,leice/]1 ,augu/ #e1 #ahjb4 ,sid5ote3 #ahjc ,sid5ote3 ,may #ca to ,june #c ,visit$ my ,diocese by ,commission--,commission]s1 ,dr4 ,arnold1 my ,*ancellor1 & ,dr4 ,evans1 ,ar*deacon4 ,sid5ote3 #ahjd ,sid5ote3 ,july #be ,/4 ,james' day1 ,july #be1 #ahjd1 held an ,ord9ation 9 ,h>tlebury ,*apel--#c ,deacons1 #e ,prie/s--! la/ ,i c expect to und]take4 ,sid5ote3 #ahje ,sid5ote3 ,m>* #bg #bh #bi ,confirmations by ! ,bi%op ( ,*e/] 7,dr4 ,maj5die47 ,m>* #bg1 ,/rat=d4 #bh1 ,bromsgrove4 #bi1 ,hales ,ow54 ,sid5ote3 ,june #ad #ae #ag --by ! ,bi%op ( ,h]e=d 7,dr4 ,cornwall47 ,june #ad1 ,worce/] #ae1 ,p]%ore #ag1 ,kidd]m9/] ,sid5ote3 #ahjf ,visit$ my ,diocese ?is ye> by ,commission-- ,commission]s1 ,! ,*ancellor & ,ar*deacon4 ,w>wick ,may #bf4 ,worce/] #bh4 ,kidd]m9/] #cj4 ,p]%ore #ca4 ,sid5ote3 #ahjg ,sid5ote3 ,sept4 #bf #ahjg1 ,sept4 #bf4 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,wales visit$ ,lady ,d[n%ire1 at ,omb]sley ,c\rt ?is mon?4 ,i 0 too infirm to wait ^u him ei!r at ,omb]sley or ,worce/]2 b 8 ,royal ,highness 0 pleas$ to call at ,h>tlebury1 on ,saturday ! #bf? ( ?is mon?1 att5d$ by 8 bro!r ! ,duke ( ,sussex1 & ,"l ,lake1 & /aid ) me above an h\r4 ,sid5ote3 #ahjh #ahjh1 ,april #bc4 ,grant$ a ,commission to ! ,bi%op ( ,*e/]1 7,dr4 ,maj5die17 to consecrate ! new ,*apel & bury+-gr\nd at ,r$-,dit*1 9 ! p>i% ( ,t>debig2 :i* 0 p]=m$ ?is day1 ,?ursday1 ,april #ba1 #ahjh1 ! prop] (fic]s ( ! ,c\rt1 & two ( my ,*apla9s att5d+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ?is %ort n>rative 7! la/ p>agraph ( :i* 0 writt5 by ! ,au?or only five weeks be=e 8 dea?7 little m w be add$4 ,s late z ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,febru>y be=e 8 dea?1 ?\gh !n decl9+ 9 heal? & /r5g?1 he 0 able to att5d 8 ,p>i% ,*ur*1 & to receive ! ,sacram5t4 ,free f any pa9ful or acute disord]1 he gradually became weak]1 b 8 faculties cont9u$ p]fect4 ,aft] a few days conf9em5t to 8 b$1 he expir$ 9 8 sleep1 on ,saturday morn+1 ,may #bh1 #ahjh2 hav+ complet$ f\r mon?s beyond 8 eighty-eigh? ye>4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ,h>tlebury ,*ur*-y>d1 accord+ to 8 own directions4 ,he _h be5 ,bi%op ( ,worce/] = almo/ tw5ty-sev5 ye>s3 a long] p]iod ?an any ,bi%op ( t ,see s9ce ! ,re=mation4 ,,g5]al ,,cont5ts4 ,,vol4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,,critical ,,works4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,q4 ,horatii ,flacci ,epi/olae ad ,pisones1 et ,augu/um3 ,) an ,engli% ,comm5t>y & ,notes4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,critical ,,diss]tations4 ,on ! ,idea ( ,univ]sal ,poetry4 ,on ! ,prov9ces ( ,dramatic ,poetry4 ,on ,poetical ,imitation4 ,on ! ,m>ks ( ,imitation4 ,,vol4 ,,iii4 & ,,iv4 ,,moral ,,& ,,political ,,dialogues4 ,,vol4 ,,iii4 ,on ,s9c]ity 9 ! ,comm]ce ( ! ,_w4 ,on ,retirem5t4 ,on ! ,age ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,on ! ,con/itution ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t4 ,,vol4 ,,iv4 ,on ! ,con/itution ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t4 ,on ! ,uses ( ,=eign ,travel4 ,& ,,lett]s on ,*ivalry & ,romance4 ,,vol4 ,v4 ,,vi4 ,,vii4 & ,,viii4 ,,!ological ,,works4 ,,vol4 ,v4 ,,s]mons introductory to ! /udy ( ! ,prophecies4 ,) an ,app5dix2 ,conta9+ an anonym\s ,lett] to ! ,au?or ( ^! ,s]mons1 & 8 ,answ] to x4 ,,vol4 ,,vi4 ,,s]mons prea*$ at ,l9coln's ,inn4 ,,vol4 ,,vii4 ,,s]mons prea*$ at ,l9coln's ,inn4 ,,vol4 ,,viii4 ,,s]mons on public ,occasions4 ,,*>ges to ! ,cl]gy4 ,& ,an ,app5dix2 ,conta9+ ,controv]sial ,tracts on diff]5t subjects & occasions4 ,,critical ,,works4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,q4 ,,horatii ,,flacci ,,epi/olae ,,ad ,,pisones1 ,,et ,,augu/um3 ,,) ,,an ,,engli% ,,comm5t>y ,,& ,,notes3 ,,to ,,:i* ,,are ,,add$ ,,critical ,,diss]tations4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,introduction1 ,on ,epi/ol>y ,writ+4 ,,epi/ola ,,ad ,,pisones3 ,) an ,engli% ,comm5t>y & ,notes4 ,,epi/ola ,,ad ,,augu/um3 ,) an ,engli% ,comm5t>y & ,notes4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,diss]tation ,i4 ,on ! ,idea ( ,univ]sal ,poetry4 ,,diss]tation ,,ii4 ,on ! ,prov9ces ( ,dramatic ,poetry4 ,,diss]tation ,,iii4 ,on ,poetical ,imitation4 ,,diss]tation ,,iv4 ,on ! ,m>ks ( ,imitation4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,volume4 ,,introduction1 ,on ,epi/ol>y ,writ+4 #ac ,,epi/ola ,,ad ,,pisones3 ,) an ,engli% ,comm5t>y & ,notes4 #bg ,,epi/ola ,,ad ,,augu/um3 ,) an ,engli% ,comm5t>y & ,notes4 #bgi ,,to ,,sir ,,edw>d ,,littleton1 ,,b>t4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,hav+ review$ ^! ,%eets ) "s c>e1 ,i beg leave to put !m into y\r h&s1 z a te/imony ( ! respect ,i be> y2 &1 = ! "t t su* ?+s may h ! =tune to live1 z a monum5t ( our fri5d%ip4 ,y see1 by ! turn ( ?is address1 y h no?+ to fe> f t (f5sive adulation1 :i* has s mu* di%on\r$ ,lett]s4 ,y & ,i h liv$ toge!r on o!r t]ms4 ,& ,i %\ld be a%am$ to (f] y ev5 su* a trifle z ?is1 9 a mann] t w\ld give y a "r to ?9k meanly ( its au?or4 ,y\r extreme delicacy all[s me to say no?+ ( my obligations1 :i* o!rwise w\ld dem& my w>me/ ackn[l$gem5ts4 ,= y\r con/ant fav\r has foll[$ me 9 all ways1 9 :i* y c\ld contrive to express x4 ,& inde$ ,i h nev] kn[n any man m s5sible to ! good (fices ( 8 fri5ds1 & ev5 to _! good int5tions1 or m dispos$1 by e prop] me?od1 to ackn[l$ge !m4 ,b y mu* ov]-rate ! little s]vices1 :i* x has be5 9 my p[] to r5d] to y4 ,i _h ! hon\r to be intru/$ ) a "p ( y\r education1 & x 0 my duty to contribute all ,i c\ld to ! success ( x4 ,b ! task 0 easy & pleasant4 ,i _h only to cultivate t good s5se1 & ^? g5]\s virtues1 :i* y br\ght ) y to ! ,univ]sity1 & :i* _h already gr[n up to "s maturity "u ! c>e ( a man1 to :om we _h bo? ( u be5 extremely oblig$2 & :o possess$ e tal5t ( a p]fect in/itutor ( y\? 9 a degree1 :i*1 ,i believe1 has be5 r>ely f\nd 9 any ( t pr(ession1 s9ce ! days ( ,qu9ctilian4 ,i wi% ?is small tribute ( respect1 9 :i* ,i "k h[ cordially y jo9 ) me1 c\ld be any hon\r to ! memory ( an excell5t p]son#d1 :o lov$ u bo?1 & 0 less kn[n1 9 8 life-"t1 f t obscure situation to :i* ! caprice ( =tune (t condemns ! mo/ accompli%$ *>act]s1 ?an 8 highe/ m]it des]v$4 ,x 0 to *]i% & improve t ta/e ( polite lett]s1 :i* 8 e>ly c>e _h in/ill$ into y1 t y requir$ me to expla9 to y ! foll[+ exquisite piece ( ! be/ poet4 ,i recollect ) pleasure h[ welcome ?is slight essay !n 0 to y2 & am secure ( ! k9d reception y w n[ give to x2 improv$1 z ,i ?9k x is1 9 "s respects1 & pres5t$ to y 9 ?is public way4--,i 0 go+ to say1 h[ mu* y b5efit$ by ?is poet 7! fitte/ ( all o!rs1 = ! /udy ( a g5tleman7 9 y\r acqua9tance ) 8 moral1 z well z critical writ+s2 & h[ successfully y appli$ y\rself to e o!r "p ( le>n+1 :i* 0 ?\ght prop] = y--,b ,i rememb] my engagem5ts ) y1 & w n haz>d y\r displeasure by say+ too mu*4 ,x is en\gh = me to add1 t ,i truly respect & hon\r y2 & t1 = ! re/1 ,i indulge 9 ^? hopes1 :i* e "o1 :o kn[s y1 ent]ta9s f ! excell5ce ( y\r nature1 f ! h]$it>y hon\r ( y\r family1 & f an education 9 :i* y h be5 tra9$ to ! /udy ( ! be/ ?+s4 ,i am1 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ fai?ful & mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,r4 ,,hurd4 ,,eman4 ,,coll4 ,,camb4 ,june #ba1 #ageg4 ,,introduction4 ,x is agre$ on all h&s1 t ! anti5ts are our ma/]s 9 ! art ( composition4 ,su* ( _! writ+s1 !re=e1 z deliv] in/ructions = ! ex]cise ( ?is art1 mu/ be ( ! highe/ value4 ,&1 if any ( !m ha? acquir$ a cr$it1 9 ?is respect1 sup]ior to ! re/1 x is1 p]haps1 ! foll[+ "w3 :i* ! le>n$ h long s9ce consid]$ z a k9d ( summ>y ( ! rules ( good writ+2 to be gott5 by he>t by e "y /ud5t2 & to ^: decisive au?ority ! greate/ ma/]s 9 ta/e & composition mu/ f9ally submit4 ,b ! m unque/ion$ ! cr$it ( ?is poem is1 ! m x w conc]n ! public1 t x be ju/ly & accurately und]/ood4 ,! writ] ( ^! %eets !n believ$ x might be ( use1 if he took "s pa9s to cle> ! s5se1 connect ! me?od1 & asc]ta9 ! scope & purpose1 ( ?is admir$ epi/le4 ,o!rs1 he knew inde$1 & "s ( ! fir/ fame = critical le>n+1 _h be5 be=e him 9 ?is attempt4 ,yet he did n f9d himself prev5t$ by _! lab\rs2 9 :i*1 besides innum]able less] faults1 he1 m especially1 obs]v$ two invet]ate errors1 ( su* a sort1 z mu/ ne$s p]plex ! g5ius1 & di/ress ! le>n+ ( any comm5tator4 ,! "o ( ^! respects ! ,,subject2 ! o!r1 ! ,,me?od ( ! ,art ( poetry4 ,x w be necess>y to say some?+ ^u ea*4 #a4 ,t ! ,art ( poetry1 at l>ge1 is n ! prop] subject ( ?is piece1 is s app>5t1 t x ha? n escap$ ! dulle/ & lea/ att5tive ( its critics4 ,=1 h[ev] all ! diff]5t k9ds ( poetry might appe> to ent] into x1 yet e "o saw1 t "s at lea/ 7 v slightly consid]$3 :5ce ! frequ5t attempts1 ! artes et in/itutiones poetic1 ( writ]s bo? at home & abroad1 to supply its defici5cies4 ,b1 ?\gh ?is tru? 0 se5 & confess$1 x unluckily happ5$1 t ! sagacity ( 8 num]\s comm5tators w5t no fur!r4 ,!y /ill consid]$ ?is fam\s epi/le z a collection1 ?\gh n a sy/em1 ( criticisms on poetry 9 g5]al2 ) ?is concession h[ev]1 t ! /age _h evid5tly ! l>ge/ %>e 9 x#e4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is prejudice1 sev]al writ]s ( "n took ^u !m to comm5t & expla9 x3 & ) ! success1 :i* 0 to be expect$ f s fatal a mi/ake on sett+ out1 z ! n see+1 8t ! prop] & sole purpose ( ! au?or1 01 n to abridge ! ,greek critics1 :om he probably nev] ?\ght (2 nor to amuse himself ) compos+ a %ort critical sy/em1 = ! g5]al use ( poets1 :i* e l9e ( x absolutely confutes2 b1 simply to criticize ! ,,roman ,,drama40 ,= to ?is end1 n ! t5or ( ! "w only1 b1 z w appe>1 e s+le precept 9 x1 ultimately ref]s4 ,! mis*iefs ( ?is orig9al error h be5 long felt4 ,x ha? occasion$ a con/ant p]plexity 9 def9+ ! g5]al me?od1 & 9 fix+ ! import ( p>ticul> rules4 ,nay its effects h rea*$ /ill fur!r4 ,=1 conceiv+ z !y did1 t ! :ole _h be5 compos$ out ( ! ,greek critics1 ! lab\r & +5uity ( its int]pret]s h be5 misemploy$ 9 pick+ out au?orities1 :i* 7 n want$1 & 9 produc+1 or1 m prop]ly1 by _! /udi$ ref9em5ts 9 creat+1 con=mities1 :i* 7 nev] design$4 ,:5ce x ha? come to pass1 t1 in/ead ( inve/igat+ ! ord] ( ! poet's own reflexions1 & scrut9iz+ ! peculi> /ate ( ! ,roman /age 7! me?ods1 :i* common s5se & common criticism w\ld prescribe7 ! _w ha? be5 nauseat$ ) insipid lectures on ,ari/otle & ,phal]eus2 ^: solid s5se ha? be5 s att5uat$ & subtiliz$ by ! delicate op]ation ( ,fr5* criticism1 z ha? ev5 gone "s way t[>ds br++ ! art itself into disrepute4 #b4 ,b ! wrong explications ( ?is poem h aris51 n f ! misconception ( ! subject only1 b f an inatt5tion to ! ,,me?od ( x4 ,! latt] 01 9 "p1 ! g5u9 consequ5ce ( ! =m]4 ,=1 n suspect+ an unity ( design 9 ! subject1 its int]pret]s nev] look$ =1 or c\ld nev] f9d a consi/5cy ( disposition 9 ! me?od4 ,& ?is 0 inde$ ! v block ^u :i* ,,he9sius1 &1 be=e him1 ,julius ,scalig]1 himself1 /umbl$4 ,^! illu/ri\s critics1 ) all ! =ce ( g5ius1 :i* is requir$ to disemb>rass an involv$ subject1 & all ! aids ( le>n+1 t c l5d a ray to enlight5 a d>k "o1 h1 not)/&+1 f\nd !mselves utt]ly unable to unfold ! ord] ( ?is epi/le2 insomu*1 t ,,scalig]#f1 ha? boldly pron\nc$ ! conduct ( x to be vici\s2 & ,,he9sius1 _h no o!r way to evade ! *>ge1 ?an by recurr+ to ! =c$ & uncritical exp$i5t ( a lic5ti\s transposition4 ,! tru? is1 !y 7 bo? 9 "o common error1 ,t ! poet's purpose _h be5 to write a criticism ( ! art ( poetry at l>ge1 & n1 z is "h %ewn1 ( ! ,roman drama 9 p>ticul>4 ,b !re is some?+ m to be obs]v$1 9 ! case ( ,,he9sius4 ,=1 z w be made appe> 9 ! notes on p>ticul> places1 ?is critic did n p]v]t ! ord] ( ! piece1 f a simple mi/ake ab\t ! drift ( ! subject1 b1 also1 f a total inappreh5sion ( ! g5u9 *>m & beauty ( ! epi/ol>y me?od4 ,&1 because ,i take ?is to be a pr9cipal cause ( ! wrong int]pretations1 t h be5 giv5 ( all ! epi/les ( ,horace2 & x is1 9 itself1 a po9t ( curi\s criticism1 ( :i* little or no?+ ha? be5 said by any good writ]1 ,i w take ! lib]ty to enl>ge ^u x4 ,,! ,,epi/le1 h[ev] v>i\s 9 its appe>ances1 is1 9 fact1 b ( two k9ds2 "o ( :i* may be call$ ! ,,didactic2 ! o!r1 ! ,,elegiac epi/le4 ,by ! ,,fir/ ,i mean all ^? epi/les1 ^: end is to in/ruct2 :e!r ! subject be morals1 politics1 criticism1 or1 9 g5]al1 human life3 by ! ,,latt]1 all ^?1 ^: end is to move2 :e!r ! occasion be love1 fri5d%ip1 jeal\sy1 or o!r private di/resses4 ,if !re are "s ( a light] k9d 9 ,horace1 & o!r good writ]s1 :i* seem n r$ucible to ei!r ( ^! two classes1 !y are to be reg>d$ only1 z ! trifl+s ( _! p51 & des]ve n to be consid]$1 z mak+ a ?ird & di/9ct species ( ?is poem4 ,n[ ^! two k9ds ( ! epi/le1 z !y diff] widely f ea* o!r 9 _! subject & end1 s d !y likewise 9 _! orig9al3 ?\gh bo? fl\ri%$ at ! same "t1 & are bo? :olly ,roman4 ,i4 ,! =m]1 or ,,didactic epi/le1 01 9 fact1 ! true & prop] (fspr+ ( ! ,,satire4 ,x w be wor? :ile to reflect h[ ?is happ5$4 ,satire1 9 its orig91 ,i mean 9 ! rude fesc5n9e f>ce1 f :i* ! idea ( ?is poem 0 tak5 0 a m]e extemporane\s jumble ( mir? & ill-nature4 ,,ennius1 :o _h ! hon\r ( introduc+ x "u its new "n1 )\t d\bt1 civiliz$ bo?1 yet left x )\t =m or me?od2 x be+ only1 9 8 h&s1 a rhapsody ( poems on diff]5t subjects1 & 9 diff]5t measures4 ,common s5se disclaim+ ! extravagance ( ?is het]og5e\s mixture1 ,,lucilius advanc$ x1 9 its next /ep1 to an unity ( design & metre2 :i* 0 s consid]able a *ange1 t x procur$ him ! high appellation ( ,,inv5tor ( ?is poem4 ,?\gh1 :5 ,i say1 t ,lucilius introduc$ into satire an unity ( metre1 ,i mean only1 9 ! same piece2 = ! measure1 9 diff]5t satires1 appe>s to h be5 diff]5t4 ,t ! design 9 him 0 "o1 ,i conclude1 fir/1 ,because ,horace expresly in=ms u1 t ! =m or k9d ( writ+ 9 ! satires ( ,lucilius 0 exactly ! same ) t 9 8 own2 9 :i* no "o w pret5d1 t !re is ! lea/ appe>ance ( t rhapsodical1 deta*$ =m1 :i* made ! "* ( ! old satire4 ,b1 pr9cipally1 because1 on any o!r supposition1 x does n appe>1 :at c\ld give ,lucilius a claim to t high appellation ( ,,inv5tor ( ?is poem4 ,t he 0 ! fir/1 :o copi$ ! mann] ( ! old com$y 9 satire1 c\ld nev] be suffici5t = ?is purpose4 ,= all1 t he d]iv$ into x f !nce1 01 z ,qu9ctilian speaks1 lib]tas atque inde ac]bitas et abunde salis4 ,x %>p5$ 8 invective1 & poli%$ 8 wit1 t is1 x improv$ ! air1 b did n alt] ! =m ( ! satire4 ,z little c a "r to ?is title be plead$ f ! uni=mity ( measure1 :i* he introduc$ into x4 ,= ?is1 )\t an unity ( design1 is s f> f be+ an alt]ation = ! bett]1 t x ev5 height5s ! absurdity2 x be+ surely m reasonable to adapt diff]5t measures to diff]5t subjects1 ?an to treat a numb] ( inconnect$ & q diff]5t subjects 9 ! same measure4 ,:5 !re=e ,horace tells u1 t ,lucilius 0 ! ,inv5tor ( ! satire1 x mu/ ne$s be und]/ood1 t he 0 ! ,,fir/1 :o1 f its =m] confus$ /ate1 r$uc$ x into a regul> consi/5t poem1 respect+ "o ma9 end1 z well z obs]v+ "o measure4 ,little n[ rema9$ = ,,horace b to poli% & ref9e4 ,8 only mat]ial alt]ation 01 t he appropriat$ to ! satire ,,"o1 t is1 ! h]oic metre4 ,f ?is %ort hi/ory ( ! satire we collect1 #a4 t its design 0 "o3 ,& #b4 we le>n1 :at 0 ! g5]al =m ( its composition4 ,=1 aris+ out ( a loose1 disjo9t$1 miscellany1 its me?od1 :5 mo/ regul>1 w\ld be free & uncon/ra9$2 nature dem&+ "s *a9 ( connexion1 & a respect to its orig9 requir+ t connexion to be slight & some:at conceal$4 ,b its aim1 z well z orig91 exact$ ?is c>eless me?od4 ,= be+1 z ,diom$es obs]ves1 ar* comdi *>act]e compositum1 8pr(ess$ly writt5 aft] ! mann] ( ! old com$y10 x 0 ( c\rse to admit ! famili>ity ( ! comic muse2 ^: g5ius is av]se f all con/ra9t ( ord]1 save t only :i* a natural1 successive tra9 ( ?9k+ unavoidably draws along ) x4 ,& ?is1 by ! way1 acc\nts = ! dialogue air1 s frequ5t 9 ! ,roman satire1 z likewise = ! loos] numb]s :i* appe>$ s ess5tial to ! grace ( x4 ,x 0 9 le>n$ allusion to ?is comic g5ius ( ! satire1 t ,mr4 ,pope ha? ju/ly *>act]iz$ x 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 8,horace /ill *>ms ) graceful neglig5ce1 8,&1 )\t me?od1 ,,talks u into s5se40 #b4 ,x be+ n[ se51 :at 0 ! real =m ( ! satire1 no?+1 x is pla91 0 want+1 b ! application ( a p>ticul> address1 to con/itute ! didactic epi/le3 ! /ructure ( ?is poem1 z prescrib$ by ! laws ( nature & good s5se1 be+ 9 no?+ diff]5t f t ( ! o!r4 ,= "h #a4 an unity ( subject or design is indisp5sably necess>y1 ! fre$om ( a miscellane\s matt] be+ p]mitt$ only to ! famili> lett]4 ,& #b4 n pr(ess+ =mally to in/ruct 7:i* alone ju/ifies ! sev]ity ( /rict me?od7 b1 :5 ( ! grave/ k9d1 9 ! way ( address only to ins9uate in/ruction1 x naturally takes an air ( neglig5ce & inconnexion1 su* z we h be=e se5 ess5tial to ! satire4 ,all :i* is greatly confirm$ by ! te/imony ( "o1 :o c\ld n be un9=m$ 9 ^! matt]s4 ,9 address+ 8 fri5d on ! object ( 8 /udies1 he says1 sive ,liv5tem satiram nigra rubig9e turpes1 ,seu tua ,,non ,,alia spl5descat epi/ola ,,cura4 ,/at4 lib4 i4 ,sylv4 ,tiburt4 ,m4 ,v4 pla9ly intimat+1 t ! rules & lab\r ( composition 7 exactly ! same 9 ^! two poems4 ,?\gh ! critics on ,/atius1 n appreh5d+ ?is id5tity1 or exact correspond5ce betwe5 ! satire & epi/le1 h unnecess>ily1 & )\t w>rant1 alt]$ ! text1 9 ?is place1 f ,,alia into ,,alta4 #c4 ,! g5]al =m & /ructure ( ?is epi/le be+ ?us cle>ly und]/ood1 x w n[ be easy1 9 few words1 to d$uce ! peculi> laws ( its composition4 ,& #a4 x _c :olly dive/ itself ( all me?od3 ,=1 hav+ only "o po9t 9 view1 x mu/ ( c\rse pursue x by "s k9d ( connexion4 ,! progress ( ! m9d 9 rational ?9k+ requires1 t ! *a9 be nev] brok5 entirely1 ev5 9 its free/ excursions4 #b4 ,z !re mu/ ne$s be a connexion1 s t connexion w be/ answ] its end & ! purpose ( ! writ]1 :i*1 :il/ x leads1 by a sure tra9 ( ?9k+1 to ! conclusion 9 view1 conceals itself all ! :ile1 & leaves to ! read] ! satisfaction ( supply+ ! int]m$iate l9ks1 & jo9+ toge!r1 9 8 own m9d1 :at is left 9 a seem+ po/ure ( neglect & inconnexion4 ,! art ( furni%+ ?is gratification1 s respectful to ! sagacity ( ! read]1 )\t putt+ him to ! tr\ble ( a pa9ful inve/igation1 is :at con/itutes ! supreme *>m & beauty ( ,,epi/ol>y ,,me?od4 ,,ii4 ,:at ha? hi!rto be5 advanc$ respects *iefly ! didactic =m4 ,x rema9s to say some?+ ( t o!r species ( ! epi/le1 ! ,,elegiac2 :i*1 z ,i obs]v$1 _h q ano!r orig9al4 ,= ?is app>5tly sprung up f :at is prop]ly call$ ! ,elegy3 a poem ( v anti5t ,greek extraction3 naturally aris+ f ! pla9tive1 qu]ul\s hum\r ( mank9d2 :i*1 "u ! pressure ( any grief1 is impati5t to break =? into wail+s & t5d] expo/ulations1 & f9ds a k9d ( relief 9 indulg+ & giv+ a loose to t fl[ ( sorr[1 :i* x ha? n /r5g? or resolution :olly#g to re/ra94 ,?is is ! acc\nt ( ! ,elegy 9 its prop] ,greek =m2 a neglig5t1 inconnect$1 abrupt species ( writ+1 p]fectly suit$ to an indol5t disposition & passionate he>t4 ,su* 0 ,,ovid',s2 :o1 tak+ advantage ( ?is "* ( ! elegy1 contriv$#h a new k9d ( poetry1 )\t ! exp5ce ( mu* inv5tion1 or lab\r to himself4 ,=1 collect+1 z x 71 ^? scatt]$ h9ts1 :i* compos$ ! elegy1 & direct+ !m to "o pr9cipal view2 & sup]add+ a p]sonal address1 he became ! au?or ( :at is "h /yl$ ! ,elegiac epi/le2 beautiful models ( :i* we h 9 8 ,,h]oides1 & ! ,epi/les f ,,pontus4 ,we see !n ! diff]5ce ( ?is f ! didactic =m4 ,!y h bo? "o pr9cipal end & po9t 9 view4 ,b ! ,didactic1 be+ ( a cool] & m s$ate turn1 pursues its design uni=mly & connects easily4 ,! ,elegiac1 on ! contr>y1 ^: end is emotion1 n in/ruction1 ha? all ! abruptness ( irregul> disord]$ passion4 ,x cat*es at remote & di/ant h9ts1 & />ts at once into a digressive tra9 ( ?9k+1 :i* x requires "s degree ( en?usiasm 9 ! read] to foll[4 ,fur!r ?an ?is x is n mat]ial to my pres5t design to pursue ?is subject4 ,m exact ideas ( ! =m & con/itution ( ?is epi/le1 mu/ be s\ght 9 t be/ example ( x1 ! natural ,roman poet4 ,x may only be obs]v$ ( ! diff]5t qualities1 necess>y to ^?1 :o aspire to excel 9 ^! two species3 t1 z ! "o w\ld make an impression on ! he>t1 x c only d ?is by means ( an exquisite s5sibility ( nature & elegance ( m9d2 & t ! o!r1 attempt+ 9 ! mo/ in(f5sive mann]1 to in=m ! head1 mu/ dem&1 to ! full accompli%m5t ( its purpose1 sup]ior good s5se1 ! wide/ k ( life1 &1 above all1 ! polit5ess ( a consummate address4 ,t ! =m] 0 ! *>act]i/ic ( ,,ovid',s g5ius ha? be5 obs]v$1 & is well kn[n4 ,h[ f> ! latt] description agrees to ,,horace c be no secret to ^? ( 8 read]s :o h any %>e1 or conception ( ^! tal5ts !mselves4 ,b matt]s ( ?is nic] k9d are prop]ly ! objects1 n ( criticism1 b ( s5tim5t4 ,let x suffice !n to exam9e ! poet's practice1 s f> only1 z we are enabl$ to judge ( x by ! /&>d ( ! prec$+ rules4 ,,iii4 ,^! rules are r$ucible to ?ree4 #a4 t !re be an unity 9 ! subject4 #b4 a connexion 9 ! me?od3 & #c4 t su* connexion be easy4 ,all :i* ,i suppose to h be5 religi\sly obs]v$ 9 ! poet's conduct ( ?is1 i4 e4 ! didactic epi/le4 ,=1 #a4 ,! subject ( ea* epi/le is "o3 t is1 "o s+le po9t is prosecut$ ?r\gh ! :ole piece1 not)/&+ t ! address ( ! poet1 & ! delicacy ( ! subject may sometimes lead him ?r\gh a devi\s tract to x4 ,_h 8 int]pret]s att5d$ to ?is practice1 s consonant to ! rule ( nature be=e expla9$1 !y c\ld nev] h f\nd an art ( poetry 9 ! epi/le1 we are ab\t to exam9e4 #b4 ,?is "o po9t1 h[ev] x ha? n be5 se5#i1 is con/antly pursu$ by an uni=m1 consi/5t me?od2 :i* is nev] m artificial1 ?an :5 lea/ app>5t to a c>eless1 inatt5tive read]4 ,?is %\ld h /imulat$ 8 le>n$ critics to seek ! connexion ( ! poet's own ideas1 :5 !y magi/]ially set !mselves to transpose or vilify 8 me?od4 #c4 ,?is me?od is e :]e suffici5tly cle> & obvi\s2 proce$+ if n 9 ! /ricte/ =ms ( disposition1 yet1 9 an easy1 elegant progress1 "o h9t aris+ out ( ano!r1 & ins5sibly giv+ occasion to succe$+ ones1 j z ! cool] g5ius ( ?is k9d requir$4 ,?is1 la/ly1 %\ld h prev5t$ ^?1 :o h tak5 ^u !mselves to criticize ! art ( poetry by ! laws ( ?is poem1 f conceal+ _! ignorance ( its real views "u ! cov] ( su* abrupt & viol5t transitions1 z might bett] agree to ! impassion$ elegy1 ?an to ! s$ate didactic epi/le4 ,to set ?is ?ree-fold "*1 9 ! fulle/ light1 be=e ! view ( ! read]1 ,i h attempt$ to expla9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,pisos1 9 ! way ( cont9u$ comm5t>y ^u x4 ,& t ! coh]5ce ( ! sev]al p>ts may be ! m di/9ctly se51 ! ,comm5t>y is r5d]$ z concise z possible2 "s ( ! f9] & less obvi\s connexions be+ m c>efully obs]v$ & drawn out 9 ! notes4 ,= ! k9d ( int]pretation itself1 x mu/ be all[$1 ( all o!rs1 ! fitte/ to ?r[ light ^u a difficult & obscure subject1 &1 above all1 to convey an exact idea ( ! scope & ord] ( any "w4 ,x ha?1 accord+ly1 be5 s consid]$ by sev]al ( ! =eign1 p>ticul>ly ! ,,italian1 critics2 :o h essay$ long s9ce to illu/rate1 9 ?is way1 ! v piece be=e u4 ,b ! success ( ^! =eign]s is1 ,i am s5sible1 a sl5d] recomm5dation ( _! me?od4 ,i *use !re=e to re/ on ! s+le au?ority ( a great au?or1 :o1 9 8 edition ( our ,engli% ,horace1 ! be/ t ev] 0 giv5 ( any classic1 ha? n[ retriev$ & e/abli%$ ! full cr$it ( x4 ,:at 0 ! amusem5t ( 8 p51 becomes inde$1 ! lab\r ( inf]ior writ]s4 ,yet1 on ^! unequal t]ms1 x c be no discr$it to h aim$ at "s resemblance ( "o ( ! lea/ ( ^? m]its1 :i* %$ _! unit$ hon\rs on ! "n ( ! illu/ri\s fri5d & comm5tator ( ,mr4 ,,pope4 ,q4 ,,horatii ,,flacci ,,ars ,,poetica ,,epi/ola ,,ad ,,pisones4 ,humano capiti c]vicem pictor equ9am ,jung]e si velit1 et v>ias induc]e plumas ,undique collatis membris1 ut turpit] atrum ,des9at 9 piscem muli] =mosa sup]ne2 ,spectatum admissi risum t5eatis amici8 #e ,cr$ite1 ,pisones1 i/i tabulae =e librum ,p]similem1 cujus1 velut aegri somnia1 vanae ,f+5tur species2 ut nec pes1 nec caput uni ,r$datur =mae4 ,pictoribus atque poetis ,quidlibet aud5di semp] fuit aequa pote/as3 #aj ,scimus1 et hanc v5iam petimusque damusque vicissim3 ,s$ non ut placidis coant inmitia2 non ut ,s]p5tes avibus gem95tur1 tigribus agni4 ,inceptis gravibus pl]umque et magna pr(essis ,purpureus1 late qui spl5deat1 unus et alt] #ae ,adsuitur pannus3 cum lucus1 et ara ,dianae1 ,et prop]antis aquae p] amo5os ambitus agros1 ,aut flum5 ,rh5um1 aut pluvius describitur arcus4 ,s$ nunc non erat 8 locus3 et =tasse cupressum ,scis simul>e3 quid hoc1 si fractis enatat exspes #bj ,navibus1 a]e dato qui p+itur8 amphora coepit ,in/itui1 curr5te rota1 cur urceus exit8 ,d5ique sit quidvis2 simplex dumtaxat et unum4 ,maxima p>s vatum1 pat] et juv5es patre digni1 ,decipimur specie recti4 ,brevis esse laboro1 #be ,obscurus fio3 sectantem l5ia n]vi ,deficiunt animique3 pr(essus gr&ia turget3 ,s]pit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae3 ,qui v>i>e cupit rem prodigialit] unam1 ,delph9um silvis adp+it1 fluctibus aprum4 #cj ,9 vitium ducit culpae fuga1 si c>et arte4 ,aemilium circa ludum fab]1 unus et unguis ,exprimet1 et mollis imitabitur a]e capillos2 ,infelix op]is1 summa3 quia pon]e totum ,nesciet4 hunc ego me1 si quid compon]e curem1 #ce ,non magis esse velim2 quam naso viv]e pravo1 ,spect&um nigris oculis nigroque capillo4 ,sumite mat]iam ve/ris1 qui scribitis1 aequam ,viribus2 et v]sate diu1 quid f]re recus5t1 ,quid valeant hum]i4 cui lecta pot5t] erit res1 #dj ,nec facundia des]et hunc1 nec lucides ordo4 ,ord9is haec virtus erit et v5us1 aut ego fallor2 ,ut jam nunc dicat1 jam nunc deb5tia dici ,pl]aque diff]at et praes5s 9 tempus omittat4 ,hoc amet1 hoc sp]nat1 promissi c>m9is auctor4 #de ,9 v]bis etiam t5uis cautusque s]5dis2 ,dix]is egregie1 notum si callida v]bum ,r$did]it junctura novum2 si =te necesse e/ ,indiciis mon/r>e rec5tibus abdita r]um2 ,f+]e c9ctutis non exaudita ,ce!gis #ej ,cont+et3 dabiturque lic5tia sumta pud5t]4 ,et nova factaque nup] habebunt v]ba fidem2 si ,graeco fonte cad5t1 p>ce detorta1 quid autem3 ,caecilio ,plautoque dabit ,romanus1 ademtum ,virgilio ,v>ioque8 ego cur adquir]e pauca1 #ee ,si possum1 invideor8 quum l+ua ,catonis et ,enni ,s]monem patrium ditav]it1 et nova r]um ,nom9a protul]it4 licuit1 semp]que licebit ,signatum praes5te nota procud]e nummum4 ,ut silvis folia privos mutantur 9 annos2 #fj ,prima cadunt3 ita v]borum vetus int]it aetas1 ,et juv5um ritu flor5t modo nata vig5tque4 ,debemur morti nos1 no/raque3 sive receptus ,t]ra ,neptunus classis ,aquilonibus arcet1 ,regis opus2 /]ilisve palus prius aptaque remis #fe ,vic9as urbis alit1 et grave s5tit aratrum3 ,seu cursum mutavit iniquum frugibus amnis1 ,doctus it] melius3 mortalia cuncta p]ibunt3 ,n$um s]monum /et honos1 et gratia vivax4 ,multa r5asc5tur1 quae jam cecid]e2 cad5tque1 #gj ,quae nunc sunt 9 honore vocabula3 si volet usus1 ,quem p5es arbitrium e/1 et jus1 et norma loqu5di4 ,res ge/ae regumque ducumque1 et tri/ia bella1 ,quo scribi poss5t num]o1 mon/ravit ,hom]us4 ,v]sibus inp>it] junctis qu]imonia primum1 #ge ,po/ etiam inclusa e/ voti s5t5tia compos4 ,quis tam5 exiguos elegos emis]it auctor1 ,grammatici c]tant1 et adhuc sub judice lis e/4 ,ar*ilo*um proprio rabies armavit iambo4 ,hunc socci cep]e p$em gr&esque co?urni1 #hj ,alt]nis aptum s]monibus1 et popul>is ,v9c5tem /repitus1 et natum rebus ag5dis4 ,musa d$it fidibus ,divos1 pu]osque ,deorum1 ,et pugilem victorem1 et equum c]tam9e primum1 ,et juv5um curas1 et lib]a v9a ref]re4 #he ,descriptas s]v>e vices op]umque colores1 ,cur ego1 si nequeo ignoroque1 poeta salutor8 ,cur nescire1 pud5s prave1 quam disc]e malo8 ,v]sibus exponi tragicis res comica non volt3 ,indignatur item privatis ac prope socco #ij ,dignis c>m9ibus n>r>i co5a ,?ye/ae4 ,s+ula quaeque locum t5eant sortita dec5tem4 ,int]dum tam5 et vocem como$ia tollit1 ,iratusque ,*remes tumido dilitigat ore4 ,et tragicus pl]umque dolet s]mone p$e/ri4 #ie ,telephus aut ,peleus1 cum paup] et exul ut]que1 ,projicit ampullas et sesquip$alia v]ba1 ,si curat cor spectantis tetigisse qu]ela4 ,non satis e/ pul*ra esse pomata2 dulcia sunto1 ,et quocunque vol5t1 animum auditoris agunto4 #ajj ,ut rid5tibus adrid5t1 ita fl5tibus adfl5t ,humani voltus4 si vis me fl]e1 dol5dum e/ ,primum ipsi tibi3 tunc tua me in=tunia la$5t4 ,telephe1 vel ,peleu1 male si m&ata loqu]is1 ,aut dormitabo1 aut ridebo4 tri/ia moe/um #aje ,voltum v]ba dec5t2 iratum1 pl5a m9>um2 ,lud5tem1 lasciva2 sev]um1 s]ia dictu4 ,=mat enim ,natura prius nos intus ad omnem ,=tun>um habitum2 juvat1 aut inpellit ad iram1 ,aut ad humum mo]ore gravi d$ucit1 et angit3 #aaj ,po/ eff]t animi motus int]prete l+ua4 ,si dic5tis erunt =tunis absona dicta1 ,romani toll5t equitesque patresque ca*9num4 ,int]]it multum1 ,divusne loquatur1 an h]os2 ,maturusne s5ex1 an adhuc flor5te juv5ta #aae ,f]vidus2 et matrona pot5s1 an s$ula nutrix2 ,m]catorne vagus1 cultorne vir5tis agelli2 ,col*us1 an ,assyrius2 ,!bis nutritus1 an ,argis4 ,aut famam sequ]e1 aut sibi conv5i5tia f+e1 ,scriptor4 ,hom]eum si =te reponis ,a*illem2 #abj ,impig]1 iracundus1 inexorabilis1 ac]1 ,jura neget sibi nata1 nihil non arroget armis4 ,sit ,m$ea f]ox invictaque1 flebilis ,ino1 ,p]fidus ,ixion1 ,io vaga1 tri/is ,ore/es4 ,si quid inexp]tum sc5ae conmittis1 et audes #abe ,p]sonam =m>e novam2 s]vetur ad imum ,qualis ab incepto process]it1 et sibi con/et4 ,difficile e/ proprie communia dic]e3 tuque ,rectius ,iliacum c>m5 d$ucis 9 actus1 ,qum si pr(]res ignota indictaque primus4 #acj ,publica mat]ies privati juris erit1 si ,non circa vilem patulumque morab]is orbem2 ,nec v]bum v]bo curabis r$d]e fidus ,int]pres2 nec desilies imitator 9 artum1 ,unde p$em pr(]re pudor vetet aut op]is lex4 #ace ,nec sic incipies1 ut scriptor cyclicus olim3 ,,=tunam ,,priami ,,cantabo1 ,,et ,,nobile ,,bellum4 ,quid dignum tanto f]et hic promissor hiatu8 ,p>turiunt montes3 nascetur ridiculus mus4 ,quanto rectius hic1 qui nl molitur inepte6 #adj ,,dic ,,mihi1 ,,musa1 ,,virum1 ,,captae ,,po/ ,,mo5ia ,,trojae1 ,,qui ,,mores ,,hom9um ,,multorum ,,vidit ,,et ,,urbis4 ,non fumum ex fulgore1 s$ ex fumo d>e lucem ,cogitat1 ut speciosa deh9c miracula promat1 ,antiphat51 ,scyllamque1 et cum ,cyclope ,*>ybd94 #ade ,nec r$itum ,diom$is ab int]itu ,meleagri1 ,nec gem9o bellum ,trojanum orditur ab ovo3 ,semp] ad ev5tum fe/9at2 et 9 m$ias res1 ,non secus ac notas1 auditorem rapit2 et quae ,desp]at tractata nitesc]e posse1 rel9quit3 #aej ,atque ita m5titur1 sic v]is falsa remiscet1 ,primo ne m$ium1 m$io ne discrepet imum4 ,tu1 quid ego et populus mecum desid]et1 audi2 ,si fautoris eges aulaea man5tis1 et usque ,sessuri1 donec cantor1 ,vos plaudite1 dicat3 #aee ,aetatis cujusque not&i sunt tibi mores1 ,mobilibusque decor naturis d&us et annis4 ,r$d]e qui voces jam scit pu]1 et p$e c]to ,signat humum2 ge/it p>ibus collud]e1 et iram ,colligit ac ponit tem]e1 et mutatur 9 horas4 #afj ,inb]bus juv5is1 t&em cu/ode remoto1 ,gaudet equis canibusque et aprici gram9e campi2 ,c]eus 9 vitium flecti1 monitoribus asp]1 ,utilium t>dus provisor1 prodigus a]is1 ,sublimis1 cupidusque1 et amata rel9qu]e p]nix4 #afe ,conv]sis /udiis1 aetas animusque virilis ,qua]it opes et amicitias1 ins]vit honori2 ,conmisisse cavet quod mox mut>e laboret4 ,multa s5em circumv5iunt incommoda2 vel quod ,qua]it1 et inv5tis mis] ab/9et1 ac timet uti2 #agj ,vel qud res omnis timide gelideque m9i/rat1 ,dilator1 spe l5tus1 in]s1 pavidusque futuri2 ,difficilis1 qu]ulus1 laudator temporis acti ,se pu]o1 ca/igator1 c5sorque m9orum4 ,multa f]unt anni v5i5tes commoda secum1 #age ,multa rec$5tes adimunt3 ne =te s5iles ,m&5tur juv5i p>tes1 pu]oque viriles4 ,semp] 9 adjunctis aevoque morabimur aptis4 ,aut agitur res 9 sc5is1 aut acta ref]tur3 ,segnius inritant animos demissa p] aurem1 #ahj ,quam quae sunt oculis subjecta fidelibus1 et quae ,ipse sibi tradit spectator4 non tam5 intus ,digna g]i promes 9 sc5am3 multaque tolles ,ex oculis1 quae mox n>ret facundia praes5s3 ,ne pu]os coram populo ,m$ea trucidet2 #ahe ,aut humana palam coquat exta nef>ius ,atreus2 ,aut 9 avem ,procne v]tatur1 ,cadmus 9 anguem4 ,quodcunque o/5dis mihi sic1 incr$ulus odi4 ,neve m9or1 neu sit qu9to productior actu ,fabula1 quae posci volt1 et spectata reponi4 #aij ,nec ,deus int]sit1 nisi dignus v9dice nodus ,incid]it3 nec qu>ta loqui p]sona laboret4 ,actoris p>tes *orus1 (ficiumque virile ,def5dat3 neu quid m$ios int]c9at actus1 ,quod non proposito conducat et ha]eat apte4 #aie ,ille bonis faveatque et consilietur amice1 ,et regat iratos1 et amet pac>e tum5tis3 ,ille dapes laudet m5sae brevis1 ille salubrem ,ju/itiam1 legesque1 et ap]tis otia portis3 ,ille tegat conmissa2 ,deosque precetur et oret1 #bjj ,ut r$eat mis]is1 abeat =tuna sup]bis4 ,tibia non1 ut nunc1 ori*alco juncta1 tubaeque ,aemula2 s$ t5uis1 simplexque =am9e pauco1 ,aspir>e et adesse *oris erat utilis1 atque ,nondum spissa nimis conpl]e s$ilia flatu3 #bje ,quo sane populus num]abilis1 utpote p>vus ,et frugi ca/usque v]ecundusque coibat4 ,po/quam coepit agros ext5d]e victor1 et urbem ,laxior amplecti murus1 v9oque diurno ,plac>i ,g5ius fe/is inpune diebus2 #baj ,accessit num]isque modisque lic5tia major4 ,indoctus quid enim sap]et lib]que laborum1 ,ru/icus urbano confusus1 turpis hone/o8 ,sic priscae motumque et luxuriem addidit arti ,tibic51 traxitque vagus p] pulpita ve/em3 #bae ,sic etiam fidibus voces crev]e sev]is1 ,et tulit eloquium insolitum facundia praeceps2 ,utiliumque sagax r]um1 et div9a futuri1 ,sortilegis non discrepuit s5t5tia ,delphis4 ,c>m9e qui tragico vilem c]tavit ob hircum1 #bbj ,mox etiam agre/is ,satyros nudavit1 et asp] ,incolumi gravitate jocum t5tavit3 eo quod ,inlecebris erat et grata novitate mor&us ,spectator functusque sacris1 et potus1 et exlex4 ,v]um ita risores1 ita comm5d>e dicacis #bbe ,conv5iet ,satyros1 ita v]t]e s]ia ludo2 ,ne quicunque ,deus1 quicunque adhibebitur h]os ,regali conspectus 9 auro nup] et o/ro1 ,migret 9 obscuras humili s]mone tab]nas3 ,aut1 dum vitat humum1 nubes et inania captet4 #bcj ,effutire levis indigna trago$ia v]sus1 ,ut fe/is matrona mov]i jussa diebus1 ,int]]it ,satyris paulum pudibunda prot]vis4 ,non ego inornata et dom9antia nom9a solum ,v]baque1 ,pisones1 ,satyrorum scriptor amabo3 #bce ,nec sic enit> tragico diff]re colori2 ,ut nihil int]sit1 ,davusne loquatur et audax ,py?ias emuncto lucrata ,simone tal5tum2 ,an cu/os famulusque ,dei ,sil5us alumni4 ,ex noto fictum c>m5 sequ>3 ut sibi quivis #bdj ,sp]et idem2 sudet multum1 fru/raque laboret ,ausus idem3 tantum s]ies juncturaque pollet3 ,tantum de m$io sumtis acc$it honoris4 ,silvis d$ucti caveant1 me judice1 ,fauni1 ,ne velut innati triviis1 ac p5e =5ses1 #bde ,aut nimium t5]is juv55tur v]sibus umquam1 ,aut inmunda crep5t ignom9iosaque dicta4 ,(f5duntur enim1 quibus e/ equus1 et pat]1 et res2 ,nec1 si quid fricti cic]is probat et nucis emtor1 ,aequis accipiunt animis1 donantve corona4 #bej ,syllaba longa brevi subjecta1 vocatur ,iambus1 ,pes citus3 unde etiam ,trimetris adcresc]e jussit ,nom5 ,iambeis1 cum s5os r$d]et ictus ,primus ad extremum similis sibi3 non ita pridem1 ,t>dior ut paulo graviorque v5iret ad auris1 #bee ,spondeos /abilis 9 jura pat]na recepit ,commodus et pati5s3 non ut de s$e secunda ,c$]et1 aut qu>ta socialit]4 ,hic et 9 ,acc ,nobilibus ,trimetris app>et r>us1 et ,enn4 ,9 sc5am missus cum magno pond]e v]sus1 #bfj ,aut op]ae cel]is nimium curaque c>5tis1 ,aut ignoratae premit artis crim9e turpi4 ,non quivis videt immodulata pomata judex3 ,et data ,romanis v5ia e/ indigna poetis4 ,idcircone vag]1 scribamque lic5t]8 ut omnis #bfe ,visuros peccata putem mea2 tutas et intra ,spem v5iae cautus8 vitavi d5ique culpam1 ,non laudem m]ui4 ,vos exempl>ia ,graeca ,nocturna v]sate manu1 v]sate diurna4 ,at ve/ri proavi ,plaut9os et num]os et #bgj ,laudav]e sales2 nimium pati5t] utrumque 7,ne dicam /ulte7 mirati3 si modo ego et vos ,scimus inurbanum lepido sepon]e dicto1 ,legitimumque sonum digitis callemus et aure4 ,ignotum tragicae g5us inv5isse ,cam5ae #bge ,dicitur1 et plau/ris vexisse pomata ,!spis ,qui can]5t ag]5tque1 p]uncti faecibus ora4 ,po/ hunc p]sonae pallaeque rep]tor hone/ae ,aes*ylos et modicis in/ravit pulpita tignis1 ,et docuit magnumque loqui1 nitique co?urno4 #bhj ,successit vetus 8 ,como$ia1 non s9e multa ,laude3 s$ 9 vitium lib]tas excidit1 et vim ,dignam lege regi3 lex e/ accepta2 *orusque ,turpit] obticuit1 sublato jure noc5di4 ,nil int5tatum no/ri liqu]e potae3 #bhe ,nec m9imum m]u]e decus1 ve/igia ,graeca ,ausi des]]e1 et celebr>e dome/ica facta1 ,vel qui ,praetextas1 vel qui docu]e ,togatas4 ,nec virtute =et cl>isve pot5tius armis1 ,quam l+ua1 ,latium2 si non (f5d]et unum- #bij ,quemque pot>um limae labor et mora4 ,vos1 ,pompilius sanguis1 c>m5 repreh5dite1 quod non ,multa dies et multa litura corcuit1 atque ,praesectum decies non ca/igavit ad unguem4 ,+5ium mis]a quia =tunatius arte #bie ,cr$it1 et excludit sanos ,helicone potas ,democritus2 bona p>s non unguis pon]e curat1 ,non b>bam3 secreta petit loca1 balnea vitat4 ,nanciscetur enim pretium nom5que potae1 ,si tribus ,anticyris caput insanabile numquam #cjj ,tonsori ,lic9o conmis]it4 ,o ego laevus1 ,qui purgor bilem sub v]ni temporis horam8 ,non alius fac]et meliora pomata3 v]um ,nil tanti e/4 ergo fung> vice cotis1 acutum ,r$d]e quae f]rum valet1 exsors ipsa sec&i4 #cje ,munus et (ficium1 nil scrib5s ipse1 docebo2 ,unde p>5tur opes3 quid alat =metque potam2 ,quid deceat1 quid non2 quo virtus1 quo f]at error4 ,scrib5di recte1 sap]e e/ et pr9cipium et fons4 ,rem tibi ,socraticae pot]unt o/5d]e *>tae3 #caj ,v]baque provisam rem non invita sequ5tur4 ,qui didicit patriae quid debeat1 et quid amicis2 ,quo sit amore p>5s1 quo frat] am&us et hospes2 ,quod sit conscripti1 quod judicis (ficium2 quae ,p>tes 9 bellum missi ducis2 ille pr(ecto #cae ,r$d]e p]sonae scit conv5i5tia cuique4 ,respic]e exempl> vitae morumque jubebo ,doctum imitatorem1 et vivas h9c duc]e voces4 ,int]dum speciosa locis1 morataque recte ,fabula1 nullius v5]is1 s9e pond]e et arte1 #cbj ,valdius oblectat populum1 meliusque moratur1 ,quam v]sus inopes r]um1 nugaeque canorae4 ,graiis +5ium1 ,graiis d$it ore rotundo ,musa loqui1 praet] laudem1 nullius av>is4 ,romani pu]i longis rationibus assem #cbe ,discunt 9 p>tis c5tum diduc]e4 ,dicas ,filius ,alb9i1 si de qu9cunce remota e/ ,uncia1 quid sup]et1 pot]at dixisse1 tri5s8 ,eu6 ,rem pot]is s]v>e tuam4 ,r$it uncia3 quid fit8 ,semis4 ,an haec animos a]ugo et cura pecul #ccj ,cum semel inbu]it1 sp]amus c>m9a f+i ,posse l95da c$ro1 et levi s]v&a cupresso8 ,aut prodesse volunt1 aut delect>e potae2 ,aut simul et jocunda et idonea dic]e vitae4 ,quicquid praecipies1 e/o brevis3 ut cito dicta #cce ,p]cipiant animi dociles1 t5eantque fideles4 ,omne sup]vacuum pl5o de pectore manat4 ,ficta voluptatis causa s9t proxima v]is3 ,ne1 quodcumque volet1 poscat sibi fabula cr$i2 ,neu pransae ,lamiae vivum pu]um extrahat alvo4 #cdj ,c5turiae s5iorum agitant exp]tia frugis3 ,celsi praet]eunt au/]a pomata ,ramnes4 ,omne tulit punctum1 qui miscuit utile dulci1 ,lectorem delect&o1 p>it]que mon5do4 ,hic m]et a]a lib] ,sosiis1 hic et m>e transit1 #cde ,et longum noto scriptori prorogat aevum4 ,sunt delicta tam51 quibus ignovisse velimus3 ,nam neque *orda sonum r$dit1 quem volt manus et m5s2 ,posc5tique gravem p]saepe remittit acutum3 ,nee semp] f]iet1 quodcumque m9abitur1 arcus4 #cej ,v]um ubi plura nit5t 9 c>m9e1 non ego paucis ,(f5d> maculis1 quas aut incuria fudit1 ,aut humana p>um cavit natura4 quid ergo e/8 ,ut scriptor si peccat idem libr>ius usque1 ,quamvis e/ monitus1 v5ia c>et2 ut ci?>o$us #cee ,ridetur1 *orda qui semp] ob]rat eadem3 ,sic mihi qui multum cessat1 fit ,*o]ilos ille1 ,quem bis t]ve bonum1 cum risu miror2 et idem ,indignor1 qu&oque bonus dormitat ,hom]us4 ,v]um op]i longo fas e/ obrep]e somnum4 #cfj ,ut pictura1 posis3 erit quae1 si propius /es1 ,te capiat magis2 et qua$am1 si longius ab/es3 ,haec amat obscurum2 volet haec sub luce vid]i1 ,judicis argutum quae non =midat acum53 ,haec placuit semel2 haec decies repetita placebit4 #cfe ,o major juv5um1 quamvis et voce pat]na ,f+]is ad rectum1 et p] te sapis2 hoc tibi dictum ,tolle memor3 c]tis m$ium et tol]abile rebus ,recte conc$i3 consultus juris1 et actor ,caus>um m$iocris2 abe/ virtute dis]ti #cgj ,messallae1 nec scit quantum ,cascellius ,aulus2 ,s$ tam5 9 pretio e/3 m$iocribus esse potis ,non hom9es1 non ,d1 non concess]e columnae4 ,ut gratas int] m5sas symphonia discors1 ,et crassum ungu5tum1 et ,s>do cum melle papav] #cge ,(f5dunt2 pot]at duci quia co5a s9e i/is3 ,sic animis natum inv5tumque poma juv&is1 ,si paulum summo decessit1 v]git ad imum4 ,lud]e qui nescit1 campe/ribus ab/9et armis2 ,indoctusque pilae1 discive1 tro*ive1 quiescit2 #chj ,ne spissae risum tollant inpune coronae3 ,qui nescit v]sus1 tam5 audet f+]e4 ,quid n8 ,lib] et +5uus2 praes]tim c5sus eque/rem ,summam nummorum1 vitioque remotus ab omni4 ,tu nihil invita dices faciesve ,m9]va3 #che ,id tibi judicium e/1 ea m5s1 si quid tam5 olim ,scrips]is1 9 ,maec desc5dat judicis auris1 ,et patris1 et no/ras2 nonumque prematur 9 annum1 ,membranis intus positis4 ,del]e licebit ,quod non edid]is3 nescit vox missa rev]ti4 #cij ,silve/ris hom9es sac] int]presque ,deorum ,ca$ibus et victu fo$o det]ruit ,orpheus2 ,dictus ob hoc l5ire tigris rabidosque leones4 ,dictus et ,amphion1 ,!banae conditor arcis1 ,saxa mov]e sono te/ud9is1 et prece bl&a #cie ,duc]e quo vellet4 fuit haec sapi5tia quondam1 ,publica privatis sec]n]e1 sacra pr(anis2 ,concubitu prohib]e vago2 d>e jura m>itis2 ,oppida moliri2 leges incid]e ligno4 ,sic honor et nom5 div9is vatibus atque #djj ,c>m9ibus v5it4 po/ hos insignis ,hom]us ,tyrtaeusque m>es animos 9 ,m>tia bella ,v]sibus exacuit4 dictae p] c>m9a sortes1 ,et vitae mon/rata via e/1 et gratia regum ,pi]iis t5tata modis1 ludusque rep]tus1 #dje ,et longorum op]um f9is2 ne =te pudori ,sit tibi ,musa lyrae sol]s1 et cantor ,apollo4 ,natura fi]et laudabile c>m51 an arte1 ,quaesitum e/4 ,ego nec /udium s9e divite v5a1 ,nec rude quid possit video +5ium3 alt]ius sic #daj ,alt]a poscit opem res1 et conjurat amice4 ,qui /udet optatam cursu cont+]e metam1 ,multa tulit fecitque pu]2 sudavit et alsit2 ,ab/9uit v5]e et v9o4 qui ,py?ia cantat ,tibic51 didicit prius1 extimuitque magi/rum4 #dae ,nec satis e/ dixisse1 ,ego mira pomata pango3 ,occupet extremum scabies3 mihi turpe rel9qui e/1 ,et1 quod non didici1 sane nescire fat]i4 ,ut praeco1 ad m]ces turbam qui cogit em5das2 ,ads5tatores jubet ad lucrum ire pota #dbj ,dives agris1 dives positis 9 fo5ore nummis4 ,si v]o e/1 unctum qui recte pon]e possit1 ,et spond]e levi pro paup]e1 et erip]e artis ,litibus inplicitum2 mirabor1 si sciet int]- ,nosc]e m5dacem v]umque beatus amicum4 #dbe ,tu seu don>is seu quid don>e voles cui2 ,nolito ad v]sus tibi factos duc]e pl5um ,laetitiae2 clamabit enim1 ,pul*re1 b5e1 recte6 ,pallescet3 sup] 8 etiam /illabit amicis ,ex oculis rorem2 saliet2 tundet p$e t]ram4 #dcj ,ut qui conducti plorant 9 fun]e1 dicunt ,et faciunt prope plura dol5tibus ex animo3 sic ,d]isor v]o plus laudatore movetur4 ,reges dicuntur multis urgu]e culullis1 ,et torqu]e m]o quem p]spexisse laborant #dce ,an sit amicitia dignus4 si c>m9a condes1 ,nunquam te fallant animi sub volpe lat5tes4 ,qu9tilio si quid recit>es3 ,corrige sodes ,hoc1 aiebat1 et hoc4 melius te posse neg>es1 ,bis t]que exp]tum fru/ra8 del]e jubebat1 #ddj ,et male t] natos incudi r$d]e v]sus4 ,si def5d]e delictum1 quam v]t]e1 malles2 ,nullum ultra v]bum1 aut op]am insumebat inanem1 ,qu9 s9e rivali teque et tua solus am>es4 ,vir bonus et prud5s v]sus repreh5det in]tis2 #dde ,culpabit duros2 incomptis adl9et atrum ,transv]so calamo signum2 ambitiosa recidet ,ornam5ta2 p>um cl>is lucem d>e coget2 ,arguet ambigue dictum2 mut&a notabit2 ,fiet ,ari/>*us2 non dicet1 ,cur ego amicum #dej ,(f5dam 9 nugis8 ,hae nugae s]ia duc5t ,9 mala d]isum semel1 exceptumque s9i/re4 ,ut mala quem scabies aut morbus regius urguet1 ,aut fanaticus error1 et iracunda ,diana2 ,vesanum tetigisse tim5t fugiuntque potam1 #dee ,qui sapiunt3 agitant pu]i1 incautique sequuntur4 ,hic1 dum sublimis v]sus ructatur1 et errat1 ,si veluti m]ulis int5tus decidit auceps ,9 puteum1 foveamve2 licet1 ,succurrite1 longum ,clamet1 io cives3 non sit qui toll]e curet4 #dfj ,si curet quis opem f]re1 et demitt]e funem2 ,qu scis1 an prud5s huc se projec]it1 atque ,s]v>i nolit8 dicam3 ,siculique potae ,n>rabo int]itum4 ,deus inmortalis hab]i ,dum cupit ,emp$ocles1 ard5tem frigidus ,aetnam #dfe ,insiluit4 sit jus1 liceatque p]ire potis4 ,invitum qui s]vat1 idem facit occid5ti4 ,nec semel hoc fecit2 nec si retractus erit jam1 ,fiet homo1 et ponet famosae mortis amorem4 ,nec satis adp>et1 cur v]sus factitet2 utrum #dgj ,m9x]it 9 patrios c9]es1 an tri/e bid5tal ,mov]it ince/us3 c]te furit1 ac velut ursus ,objectos caveae valuit si frang]e cla?ros1 ,indoctum doctumque fugat recitator ac]bus4 ,quem v]o arripuit1 t5et1 occiditque leg5do1 #dge ,non missura cutem1 nisi pl5a cruoris1 hirudo4 ,,comm5t>y4 ,! subject ( ?is piece be+1 z ,i suppose1 "o1 viz4 ! /ate ( ! ,roman ,drama1 & common s5se requir+1 ev5 9 ! free/ =ms ( composition1 "s k9d ( me?od1 ! intellig5t read] w n be surpris$ to f9d ! poet prosecut+ 8 subject 9 a regul>1 well-ord]$ plan2 :i*1 = ! m exact description ( x1 ,i di/+ui% into ?ree p>ts3 ,i4 ,! fir/ ( !m f v4 #a to #hi is prep>atory to ! ma9 subject ( ! epi/le1 conta9+ "s g5]al rules & reflexions on poetry1 b pr9cipally ) an eye to ! foll[+ p>ts3 by :i* means x s]ves z an useful introduction to ! poet's design1 & op5s ) t air ( ease & neglig5ce1 ess5tial to ! epi/ol>y =m4 ,,ii4 ,! ma9 body ( ! epi/le f v4 #hi to #bie is laid out 9 regulat+ ! ,roman /age2 b *iefly 9 giv+ rules = trag$y2 n only z t 0 ! sublim] species ( ! ,drama1 b1 z x %\ld seem1 less cultivat$ & und]/ood4 ,,iii4 ,! la/ "p f v4 #bie to ! end exhorts to correctness 9 writ+2 yet /ill ) an eye1 pr9cipally1 to ! dramatic species2 & is tak5 up p>tly 9 remov+ ! causes1 t prev5t$ x1 & p>tly 9 direct+ to ! use ( su* means1 z might s]ve to promote x4 ,su* is ! g5]al plan ( ! epi/le4 ,9 ord] to ent] fully into x1 x w be necess>y to trace ! poet1 att5tively1 ?r\gh ! elegant connexions ( 8 own me?od4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,reflexions ,,on ,,poetry4 ,! epi/le beg9s to v4 #i ) t g5]al & fundam5tal precept ( pres]v+ an unity 9 ! subject & ! disposition ( ! piece4 ,?is is fur!r expla9$ by def9+ ! use1 & fix+ ! "* ( poetic lic5ce f v4 #i to #ac :i* unskilful writ]s (t5 plead 9 def5ce ( _! transgressions aga9/ ! law ( ,,unity4 ,to v4 #bc is consid]$ & expos$ t p>ticul> violation ( uni=mity1 into :i* "y poets especially1 "u ! impulse ( a w>m imag9ation1 are apt to run1 aris+ f frequ5t & ill-tim$ descriptions4 ,^!1 h[ev] beautiful 9 !mselves1 & ) :atev] ma/]y !y may be execut$1 yet1 if =eign to ! subject1 & incongru\s to ! place1 :]e !y /&1 are extremely imp]t95t3 a caution1 ! m necess>y1 z ! fault itself we>s ! appe>ance ( a virtue1 & s writ]s f v4 #bc to #be come to transgress ! rule ( "r f _! v ambition to obs]ve x4 ,!re are two cases1 9 :i* ?is ambition rem>kably misleads u4 ,! fir/ is :5 x tempts u to pu% an ackn[l$g$ beauty too f>4 ,great beauties are always 9 ! conf9es ( great faults2 & !re=e1 by affect+ sup]ior excell5ce1 we are easily c>ri$ into absurdity4 ,?us f v4 #be to #cj brevity is (t5 obscurity2 sublimity1 bomba/2 caution1 coolness2 &1 to come r\nd to ! po9t1 a fondness = v>y+ & div]sify+ a subject1 by means ( episodes & descriptions1 su* z are m5tion$ above v4 #ae w (t5 betray a writ] into t capital error ( violat+ ! unity ( 8 piece4 ,=1 ?\gh v>iety be a real excell5ce "u ! conduct ( true judgm5t1 yet1 :5 affect$ beyond ! b\nds ( probability1 & br\ght 9 solely to /rike & surprize1 x becomes unseasonable & absurd4 ,! sev]al episodes or descriptions1 int5d$ to give t v>iety1 may be ins]t$ 9 improp] places2 & !n ! absurdity is z great1 z t ( ! pa9t]1 :o1 accord+ to ! illu/ration ( v4 #ai1 #bj1 %\ld introduce a cypress into a sea-piece1 or1 accord+ to ! illu/ration ( ! pres5t v]se1 :o pa9ts a dolph9 9 a wood1 or a bo> 9 ! sea4 #b4 ,ano!r in/ance1 9 :i* we are misl$ by an ambition ( atta9+ to :at is "r1 is1 :51 ?r\gh an excessive fe> ( committ+ faults1 we disqualify ourselves = ! j execution ( a :ole1 or ( su* p>ticul>s1 z are susceptible ( real beauty4 ,= n ! affectation ( sup]ior excell5cies only1 b ev5 ,9 vitium ducit culpae fuga1 si c>et arte4 ,?is is aptly illu/rat$ by ! case ( a sculptor4 ,an ov]-scrupul\s dilig5ce to f9i% s+le & trivial p>ts 9 a /atue1 :i*1 :5 mo/ exact1 are only n faulty1 leaves him utt]ly incapable ( do+ ju/ice to ! m important memb]s1 &1 above all1 ( design+ & complet+ a :ole ) any degree ( p]fection4 ,b ?is latt] is commonly ! defect ( a m9ute g5ius2 :o1 hav+ tak5 9 h& a design1 :i* he is by no means able to execute1 naturally applies himself to lab\r & f9i% ^? p>ts1 :i* he f9ds are )9 8 p[]4 ,x is ( consequ5ce !re=e f v4 #ch to #dj = e writ] to be well acqua9t$ ) ! nature & ext5t ( 8 own tal5ts3 & to be c>eful to *use a subject1 :i* is1 9 all its p>ts1 proportion$ to 8 /r5g? & ability4 ,besides1 f su* an att5tive survey ( 8 subject1 & ( 8 capacity to treat x1 he w also d]ive ^! fur!r advantages v4 #da #a4 ,t he _c be want+ 9 a prop] fund ( matt]1 :]e) to inl>ge "u e head3 nor1 #b4 c he fail1 by su* a well-weigh$ *oice1 to dispose ( 8 subject 9 ! be/ & mo/ conv5i5t me?od4 ,especially1 z to ! latt]1 :i* is ! pr9cipal b5efit1 he w p]ceive to v4 #de :]e x w be useful to pres]ve1 & :]e to *ange1 ! natural ord] ( 8 subject1 z may be/ s]ve to answ] ! ends ( poetry4 ,?us f> "s g5]al reflexions conc]n+ poetical di/ribution2 pr9cipally1 z x may be affect$ by false notions1 #a4 ,( poetic lic5ce v4 #aj &1 #b4 ,( poetic p]fection v4 #be4 ,b ! same causes w equally affect ! language1 z me?od1 ( poetry4 ,to ^! !n are prop]ly subjo9$ "s directions ab\t ! use ( words4 ,n[ ?is p>ticul> dep5d+ s entirely on :at is out ( ! rea* ( rule1 z ! fa%ion ( ! age1 ! ta/e ( ! writ]1 & 8 k ( ! language1 9 :i* he writes1 ! poet only gives directions ab\t new words3 or1 s9ce e language is necess>ily imp]fect1 ab\t ! co9+ ( su* words1 z ! writ]'s necessity or conv5i5ce may dem&4 ,& "h1 aft] hav+ prescrib$ l4 #df a great caution & sp>+ness 9 ! ?+ itself1 he obs]ves1 #a4 to l4 #di ,t :]e x ought to be done1 ! bett] & less (f5sive way w be1 n to co9 a ^w entirely new 7= ?is is ev] a task ( "s envy7 b1 by means ( an +5i\s & happy position ( a well-kn[n ^w1 9 respect ( "s o!rs1 to give x a new air1 & ca/4 ,or1 if x be necess>y to co9 new words1 z x w be 9 subjects ( an ab/ruse nature1 & especially su*1 z 7 nev] be=e treat$ 9 ! language1 t !n1 #b4 to l4 #ed ?is lib]ty is v all[able2 b t ! reception ( !m w be m easy1 if we d]ive !m g5tly1 & )\t too mu* viol5ce1 f _! prop] s\rce1 t is1 f a language1 z ! ,greek1 already kn[n1 & approv$4 ,&1 to obviate ! prejudices ( ov]-scrupul\s critics on ?is head1 he goes on f l4 #ed to l4 #gc 9 a ve9 ( popul> illu/ration1 to all$ge1 9 fav\r ( ?is lib]ty1 ! examples ( anti5t writ]s1 & ! vague1 un/eady nature ( language itself4 ,f ^! reflexions on poetry1 at l>ge1 he proce$s n[ to p>ticul>s3 ! mo/ obvi\s ( :i* be+ ! diff]5t =ms & measures ( poetic composition1 he consid]s1 9 ?is view f v4 #ge to #hf ! f\r great species ( poetry1 to :i* all o!rs may be r$uc$1 ! ,epic1 ,elegiac1 ,dramatic1 & ,lyric4 ,b ! di/9ction ( ! measures to be obs]v$ 9 ! sev]al species ( poetry is s obvi\s1 t !re c sc>cely be any mi/ake ab\t !m4 ,! difficulty is to "k f v4 #hf to #hi h[ f>1 ea* may p>take ( ! _s ( o!r1 )\t de/roy+ t natural & necess>y diff]5ce1 :i* ought to subsi/ betwixt !m all4 ,to explane ?is1 :i* is a po9t ( great nicety1 he consid]s f v4 #hi to #ii ! case ( dramatic poetry2 ! two species ( :i* are z di/9ct f ea* o!r1 z any two c be1 & yet !re are times1 :5 ! features ( ! "o w be all[$ to resemble ^? ( ! o!r4 ,=1 #a4 ,com$y1 9 ! passionate p>ts1 w admit ( a tragic elevation3 &1 #b4 ,trag$y1 9 its s(t di/ressful sc5es1 condesc5ds to ! ease ( famili> conv]sation4 ,b ! poet _h a fur!r view 9 *us+ ?is in/ance4 ,= he gets by ?is means into ! ma9 ( 8 subject1 :i* 0 dramatic poetry1 &1 by ! mo/ delicate transition imag9able1 proce$s f l4 #hi to #cbc to deliv] a s]ies ( rules1 int]sp]s$ ) hi/orical acc\nts1 & enliv5$ by digressions1 = ! regulation & improvem5t ( ! ,,roman ,,/age4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,directions ,,= ,,! ,,regulation ,,& ,,improvem5t ,,( ,,! ,,roman ,,/age4 ,hav+ fix$ ! di/9ct limits & prov9ces ( ! two species ( ! drama1 ! poet ent]s directly on 8 subject1 & consid]s1 ,i4 f v4 #ii to #aai ! prop]ties ( ! ,,tragic ,,/yle2 :i* w be diff]5t1 #a4 to v4 #aaa accord+ to ! int]nal /ate & "* ( ! speak]3 ?us "o sort ( expression w become ! angry2 ano!r1 ! sorr[ful2 ?is1 ! gay1 t1 ! sev]e4 ,&1 #b4 f v4 #aaa to #aai accord+ to ! outw>d circum/ances ( rank1 age1 (fice1 or c\ntry4 ,,ii4 ,next to v4 #agi he treats ( ! ,,*>act]s1 :i* are ( two sorts4 #a4 ,old ones1 reviv$3 & #b4 ,inv5t$1 or new ones4 ,9 relation to ! fir/ f v4 #aai to #abe ! precept is1 to foll[ fame2 t is1 to fa%ion ! "* accord+ to ! receiv$1 /&+ idea1 :i* tradition & eld] times h consecrat$2 t idea be+ ! sole te/1 :]eby to judge ( x4 #b4 ,9 respect ( ! latt] f v4 #abe to #abh ! great requisite is uni=mity1 or consi/5cy ( repres5tation4 ,b ! =mation ( q new *>act]s is a "w ( great difficulty & haz>d4 ,= "h1 !re is no g5]ally receiv$ & fix$ ar*etype to "w aft]1 b e "o judges1 ( common "r1 accord+ to ! ext5t & compreh5sion ( 8 own idea4 ,!re=e to v4 #acf he advises to lab\r & refit old *>act]s & subjects2 p>ticul>ly ^?1 made kn[n & au?oriz$ by ! practice ( ,hom] & ! epic writ]s2 & directs1 at ! same "t1 by :at means to avoid t s]vility & unorig9al air1 s (t5 *>g$ ^u su* pieces4 ,i said *>act]s & subjects1 = 8 me?od lead+ him to gu>d aga9/ s]vility ( imitation 9 po9t ( *>act]s1 ! poet *ose to dispat* ! :ole affair ( s]vile imitation at once1 & !re=e to v4 #acf includes subjects1 z well z *>act]s4 ,b ?is v advice1 ab\t tak+ ! subjects & *>act]s f ! epic poets1 might be apt to lead into two faults1 aris+ f ! ill conduct ( ^? poets !mselves4 ,=1 #a4 to v4 #adf ! dignity & importance ( a subject1 made sacr$ by anti5t fame1 _h sometimes occasion$ a boa/ful & o/5tati\s beg9n+1 ?an :i* no?+ c be m (f5sive4 ,&1 #b4 ,! :ole /ory be+ compos$ ( great & /rik+ p>ticul>s1 injudici\s writ]s1 = fe> ( los+ any "p ( x1 :i* might s]ve to adorn _! "w1 _h be5 l$ to foll[ ! r\nd ( pla9 hi/oric ord]1 & s _h made ! disposition ( _! piece un9t]e/+ & un>tful4 ,n[ bo? ^! improprieties1 :i* appe> s %ock+ 9 ! epic poem1 mu/ ne$s1 ) /ill high] reason1 de=m ! tragic4 ,=1 tak+ its rise1 n f ! flatt]+ views ( ! poet1 b ! real situation ( ! actor1 its op5+ mu/ ( necessity1 be v simple & unpret5d+4 ,& be+1 f its %ort t]m ( action1 unable naturally to prep>e & br+ ab\t _m ev5ts1 x1 ( c\rse1 conf9es itself to "o2 z also = ! sake ( produc+ a due di/ress 9 ! plot2 :i* c nev] be wr\ght up to any try+ pit*1 unless ! :ole att5tion be made to fix on "o s+le object4 ,! way to avoid bo? ^! faults1 w be to obs]ve 7= "h ! imitation _c be too close7 ! well-judg$ practice ( ,hom]4 ,hav+ ?us consid]$ ! affair ( imitation1 & %ewn h[ old *>act]s1 &1 to c>ry x /ill fur!r1 old subjects1 may be successfully treat$1 he resumes ! head ( *>act]s1 & proce$s m fully f v4 #aec to #agi to recomm5d x z a po9t ( pr9cipal conc]n 9 ! draw+ ( !m1 to be well acqua9t$ ) ! mann]s1 agree+ to ! sev]al successive p]iods & /ages ( human life4 ,& ?is ) propriety3 =1 ?\gh he _h giv5 a h9t to ?is purpose be=e1 ,maturusne s5ex1 an adhuc flor5te juv5t ,f]vidus1 yet1 z x is a po9t ( s+ul> importance1 & a reg>d to x1 besides o!r di/9ctions1 mu/ be con/antly _h 9 ! draught ( e "*1 x well des]v$ a sep>ate consid]ation4 ,,iii4 ,^! in/ructions1 :i*1 9 "s degree1 respect all k9ds ( poetry1 be+ dismiss$2 he n[ deliv]s "s rules m peculi>ly relative to ! case ( ! drama4 ,&1 z ! misapplication ( mann]s1 :i* 0 ! po9t he _h be5 consid]+1 0 de/ructive ( probability1 ?is leads ! poet1 by a natural ord]1 to c5sure "s o!r species ( misconduct1 :i* h ! same effect4 ,he det]m9es !n1 #a4 f v4 #agi to #ahi ,! case ( repres5tation & recital3 or :at x is1 :i* r5d]s "s ?+s m fit to be act$ on ! /age1 o!rs m fit to be relat$ on x4 ,next1 #b4 ,9 pursuance ( ! same po9t1 viz4 probability to v4 #aic he re/ra9s ! use ( ma*9es2 & prescribes ! numb] ( acts1 & ( p]sons1 to be introduc$ on ! /age at ! same "t4 ,&1 #c4 la/ly1 ! p]sona dramatis1 j m5tion$1 sugge/+ x to 8 ?\ghts1 he takes occasion f !nce to pass on to ! *orus f v4 #aic to #bjb ^: d\ble (fice x 01 #a4 ,to su/a9 ! "p ( a p]sona dramatis 9 ! acts2 &1 #b4 ,to connect ! acts ) songs1 p]suad+ to good morals1 & suitable to ! subject4 ,fur!r1 trag$y be+1 orig9ally1 no?+ m ?an a *orus or song1 set to music1 f :i* practice ! h>mony ( ! regul> *orus 9 aft]times _h its rise1 he takes occasion to digress f v4 #bjb to #bbj 9 expla9+ ! simplicity & b>b>ity ( ! old1 & ! ref9em5ts ( ! lat]1 music4 ,! application ( ?is acc\nt ( ! dramatic music to ! case ( ! tragic *orus1 toge!r ) a %ort glance at ! o!r improvem5ts ( numb]s1 /ile1 c4 necess>ily connect$ ) x1 gives him ! opportunity ( go+ (f easily into a subject ( ne> aff9ity ) ?is1 viz4 ! ,roman satiric piece2 :i* 0 inde$ a species ( trag$y1 b ( s extraord9>y a composition1 z to require a set ( rules1 & in/ructions1 peculi> to itself4 ,a po9t1 9 :i* !y agre$1 b :i* 0 greatly misund]/ood or ill-obs]v$ by 8 c\ntrym51 0 ! k9d ( v]se or measure employ$ 9 !m4 ,?is !re=e1 by a disposition ( ! mo/ beautiful me?od1 he res]ves = a consid]ation by itself1 hav+1 fir/ ( all1 deliv]$ su* rules1 z seem$ necess>y ab\t ^? po9ts1 9 :i* !y ess5tially diff]$4 ,he expla9s !n f v4 #bbj to #bbe ! use & end ( ! satires1 %ew+ !m to be design$ = ! exhil>ation ( ! ru/ic y\?1 on _! solemn fe/ivities1 aft] ! exhibition ( ! grav]1 tragic %ews4 ,b1 #b4 ,to conv]t1 z f> z 0 possible1 :at 0 ?us a necess>y sacrifice to ! ta/e ( ! multitude into a tol]able ent]ta9m5t = ! bett] sort1 he lays d[n f v4 #bbe to #bdj ! exacte/ description or idea ( ?is sort ( poem2 by means ( :i* he in/ructs u 9 ! due temp]ature & decorum ( ! satyric /yle4 #c4 ,la/ly1 f v4 #bdj to #bea he directs to ! *oice ( prop] subjects1 & def9es ! j "* ( ^? pr9cipal & s uncommon p]sonages 9 ?is drama1 ! satyrs !mselves4 ,?is be+ premis$1 he consid]s1 z 0 obs]v$1 :at belongs 9 common to ?is ) ! regul> trag$y f v4 #bea to #bge ! laws & use ( ! iambic foot2 reprov+1 at ! same "t1 ! indol5ce or ill-ta/e ( ! ,roman writ]s 9 ?is respect1 & s5d+ !m = in/ruction to ! ,grecian models4 ,hav+ introduc$ 8 critique on ! /age-music1 & satyric drama1 ) "s acc\nt ( ! rise & progress ( ea*1 ! poet v prop]ly concludes ?is :ole "p f v4 #bge to #bie ) a %ort1 incid5tal hi/ory ( ! pr9cipal improvem5ts ( ! ,greek trag$y & com$y2 :i* 0 artfully contriv$ to ins9uate ! defective /ate ( ! ,roman drama1 & to admoni% 8 c\ntrym51 h[ f> !y _h gone1 & :at yet rema9$ to complete x4 ,& h5ce ) ! advantage ( ! easie/ transition he slides into ! la/ "p ( ! epi/le2 ! design ( :i*1 z ha? be5 obs]v$1 0 to reprove an incorrectness & want ( c>e 9 ! ,roman writ]s4 ,=1 hav+ j obs]v$ _! defect1 he goes on1 9 ! rema9+ "p ( ! epi/le1 to sum up ! sev]al causes1 :i* seem to h produc$ x4 ,& ?is gives him ! opportunity1 "u e head1 ( prescrib+ ! prop] rem$y = ea*1 & ( ins]t+ su* fur!r rules & precepts = good writ+1 z c\ld n s prop]ly come 9 be=e4 ,! :ole is manag$ ) s+ul> address1 z w appe> f look+ ov] p>ticul>s4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,a ,,c>e ,,& ,,dilig5ce ,,9 ,,writ+ ,,recomm5d$4 ,i4 f l4 #bie to l4 #cbc ,! poet ridicules t false notion1 into :i* ! ,romans _h fall51 t poetry & possession 7 ne>ly ! same ?+3 t no?+ m 0 requir$ 9 a poet1 ?an "s extravagant />ts & sallies ( ?\ght2 t coolness & reflexion 7 inconsi/5t ) 8 "*1 & t poetry 0 n to be scann$ by ! rules ( sob] s5se4 ,?is !y c>ri$ s f>1 z to affect ! outw>d port & air ( madness1 &1 ^u ! /r5g? ( t appe>ance1 to set up = wits & poets4 ,9 opposition to ?is mi/ake1 :i* 0 "o great h9drance to critical correctness1 he ass]ts wisdom & good s5se to be ! s\rce & pr9ciple ( good writ+3 = ! atta9m5t ( :i* he prescribes1 #a4 f v4 #caj to #cab ,a c>eful /udy ( ! ,socratic1 t is1 moral wisdom3 &1 #b4 f v4 #cab to #cah ,a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) human nature1 t great exempl> ( mann]s1 z he f9ely calls x1 or1 9 o!r words1 a wide ext5sive view ( real1 practical life4 ,! jo9t direction ( ^! two1 z means ( acquir+ moral k1 0 p]fectly necess>y4 ,= ! =m]1 :5 alone1 is apt to gr[ ab/ract$ & unaffect+3 ! latt]1 un9/ruct+ & sup]ficial4 ,! philosoph] talks )\t exp]i5ce1 & ! man ( ! _w )\t pr9ciples4 ,unit$ !y supply ea* o!r's defects2 :ile ! man ( ! _w borr[s s mu* ( ! philosoph]1 z to be able to adju/ ! sev]al s5tim5ts ) precision & exactness2 & ! philosoph] s mu* ( ! man ( ! _w z to copy ! mann]s ( life 7:i* we c only d by exp]i5ce7 ) tru? & _s4 ,bo? toge!r furni% a ?or\gh & complete compreh5sion ( human life2 :i* manife/+ itself 9 ! j1 & affect+1 =ms t exquisite degree ( p]fection 9 ! "* ( ! dramatic poet2 ! want ( :i* no w>m? ( g5ius c atone =1 or excuse4 ,nay su* is ! =ce ( ?is nice adju/m5t ( mann]s f l4 #cai to #cbc t1 :]e x has rem>kably prevail$1 ! success ( a play ha? sometimes be5 secur$ by x1 )\t "o s+le excell5ce or recomm5dation besides4 ,,ii4 ,he %ews f l4 #cbc to #ccc ano!r cause ( _! incorrectness & want ( success1 9 any degree1 answ]+ to t ( ! ,greek writ]s1 to h be5 ! l[ & illib]al education ( ! ,roman y\?2 :o1 :ile ! ,greeks 7 taught to op5 all _! m9d to glory1 7 cramp$ 9 _! g5ius by ! ru/ ( ga91 &1 by ! e>ly infusion ( su* sordid pr9ciples1 became unable to project a great design1 or ) any c>e & ma/]y to complete x4 ,,iii4 ,a ?ird imp$im5t to _! success 9 poetry f l4 #ccc to #cdf 0 _! inatt5tion to ! entire scope & purpose ( x1 :ile !y cont5t$ !mselves ) ! atta9m5t ( "o only ( ! two great ends1 :i* are propos$ by x4 ,= ! d\ble design ( poetry be+ to in/ruct & please1 ! full aim & glory ( ! art _c be atta9$ )\t unit+ !m bo?3 t is1 in/ruct+ s z to please1 & pleas+ s z to in/ruct4 ,"u ei!r head ( in/ruction & ent]ta9m5t ! poet1 ) great address1 ins9uates ! ma9 art ( ea* k9d ( writ+1 :i* consi/s1 #a4 9 in/ructive or didactic poetry f v4 #cce to #cch 9 ! concis5ess ( ! precept3 &1 #b4 9 works ( fancy & ent]ta9m5t l4 #cch to #cda 9 probability ( fiction4 ,b bo? ^! l4 #cda to #cdg mu/ concur 9 a j piece4 ,b "h ! bad poet objects ! difficulty ( ! t]ms1 impos$ ^u him1 & t1 if ! critic look$ = all ^! requisites1 & exact$ !m ) rig\r1 x w\ld be impossible to satisfy him3 at lea/ x 0 m likely to disc\rage1 ?an quick51 z he propos$1 ! dilig5ce ( writ]s4 ,to ?is ! reply is f l4 #cdg to #cfj t he 0 n s sev]e1 z to exact a faultless & p]fect piece3 t "s inaccuracies & faults ( less mom5t w\ld escape ! mo/ cauti\s & gu>d$ writ]2 & t1 z he %\ld contemn a piece1 t 0 g5]ally bad1 not)/&+ a few beauties1 he c\ld1 on ! contr>y1 admire a "w1 t 0 g5]ally good1 not)/&+ a few faults4 ,nay1 he goes on f l4 #cfj to #cff to obs]ve 9 fav\r ( writ]s1 aga9/ _! too rigor\s c5sur]s1 t :at 7 (t5 call$ faults1 7 really n s3 t "s p>ts ( a poem ought to be less %9+1 or less f9i%$1 ?an o!rs2 accord+ to ! light1 !y 7 plac$ 91 or ! di/ance1 f :i* !y 7 view$2 & t1 s]v+ only to connect & lead to o!rs ( great] consequ5ce1 x 0 suffici5t if !y pleas$ once1 or did n displease1 provid$ t ^? o!rs w\ld please on e review4 ,all ?is is said agreeably to nature1 :i* does n all[ e "p ( a subject1 to be equally susceptible ( ornam5t2 & to ! end ( poetry1 :i* _c s well be atta9$1 )\t an inequality4 ,! allusions to pa9t+1 :i* ! poet uses1 give ?is tru? ! happie/ illu/ration4 ,hav+ ?us made all ! reasonable all[ances1 :i* a writ] c\ld expect1 he goes on to in=ce ! g5]al in/ruction ( ?is "p1 viz4 a dilig5ce 9 writ+1 by %ew+ f l4 #cff to #cgi t a m$iocrity1 h[ev] tol]able1 or ev5 comm5dable1 x might be 9 o!r arts1 w\ld nev] be all[$ 9 ?is3 = :i* he assigns ?is v obvi\s & j reason2 t1 z ! ma9 end ( poetry is to please1 if x did n rea* t po9t 7:i* x c\ld n d by /opp+ ev] s little on ?is side excell5ce7 x 01 l indiff]5t music1 indiff]5t p]fumes1 or any o!r indiff]5t ?+1 :i* we c d )\t1 & ^: end %\ld be to please1 (f5sive & disagreeable1 & = want ( be+ v good1 absolutely & insuff]ably bad4 ,?is reflexion leads him ) great advantage f l4 #cgi to #cia to ! g5]al conclusion 9 view1 viz4 t z none b excell5t poetry w be all[$1 x %\ld be a w>n+ to writ]s1 h[ !y engage 9 x )\t abilities2 or publi% )\t sev]e & frequ5t correction4 ,b to /imulate ! poet1 :o1 not)/&+ ! all[ances already made1 might be some?+ /ruck ) ?is la/ reflexion1 he fl+s out f l4 #cia to #djh into a f9e encomium1 on ! dignity & excell5ce ( ! art itself1 by rec\nt+ its anci5t hon\rs4 ,?is encomium1 besides its great usefulness 9 invigorat+ ! m9d ( ! poet1 has ?is fur!r view1 to recomm5d & revive1 toge!r ) its hon\rs1 ! (fice ( anci5t poesy2 :i* 0 employ$ ab\t ! noble/ & mo/ important subjects2 ! sacr$ s\rce1 f :5ce ^? hon\rs 7 d]iv$4 ,f ?is transi5t view ( ! sev]al species ( poetry1 t]m9at+1 z by a beautiful contrivance x is made to d1 9 ! ,ode1 ! ord] ( 8 ideas c>ries him into "s reflexions on ! p[] ( g5ius 7:i* s ess5tially belongs to ! lyric ,muse7 & to settle !reby a po9t ( criticism1 mu* controv]t$ among ! anci5ts1 & on :i* a v consid]able /ress w\ld app>5tly be laid4 ,=1 if aft] all1 s mu* art & c>e & caution be dem&$ 9 poetry1 :at becomes ( g5ius1 9 :i* alone x _h be5 ?\ght to consi/8 w\ld ! critic ins9uate1 t good poems c be ! sole effect ( art1 & g s f>1 9 opposition to ! reign+ prejudice1 z to ass]t nature to be ( no =ce at all8 ,?is objection1 :i* w\ld be apt to occur to ! g5]al scope & t5or ( ! epi/le1 z hav+ turn$ pr9cipally on art & rules )\t insi/+ mu* on natural en]gy1 ! poet obviates at once f v4 #djh to #dai by reconcil+ two ?+s :i* 7 held1 x seems1 incompatible1 & dem&+ 9 ! poet1 besides ! fire ( real g5ius1 all ! lab\r & discipl9e ( art4 ,b !re is "o ?+ /ill want+4 ,! poet may be excell5tly =m$ by nature1 & accompli%$ by art1 b w 8 own judgm5t be a suffici5t guide1 )\t assi/ance f o!rs8 w n ! p>tiality ( an au?or = 8 own works sometimes prevail ov] ! unit$ =ce ( rules & g5ius1 unless he call 9 a fair] & less int]e/$ guide8 ,d\btless x w3 & !re=e ! poet1 ) ! utmo/ propriety1 adds f v4 #dai to #dej z a necess>y "p ( ?is in/ructive monition to 8 bro!r poets1 "s directions conc]n+ ! *oice ( a prud5t & s9c]e fri5d1 ^: unbiass$ s5se might at all times correct ! prejudices1 indiscretions1 & ov]sights ( ! au?or4 ,& to impress ?is necess>y c>e1 ) great] =ce1 on ! poet1 he closes ! :ole ) %ew+ ! dreadful consequ5ces ( be+ impos$ ^u 9 s nice an affair2 repres5t+1 9 all ! /r5g? ( col\r+1 ! picture ( a bad poet1 infatuat$1 to a degree ( madness1 by a fond conceit ( 8 own works1 & expos$ !reby 7s important _h be5 ! s]vice ( timely advice7 to ! contempt & scorn ( ! public4 ,& n[1 an unity ( design 9 ?is epi/le1 & ! p]t95t connection ( its sev]al p>ts be+1 x is presum$1 f ?is me?od ( illu/ration1 cle>ly & indisputably %ewn1 :at mu/ we ?9k ( ! celebrat$ ,,fr5* int]pret] ( ,horace1 :o1 aft] a /udi$ translation ( ?is piece1 support$ by a long1 elaborate comm5t>y1 m9utely condesc5d+ to scrut9ize ea* "p1 c\ld yet p]ceive s little ( its true =m & "*1 z to give x = 8 summ>y judgm5t1 9 conclusion2 8,comme il ,horace ne travailloit pas cela de suite et qu'il ne g>doit d'autre ordre que celui des mati]es que le haz>d lui donnoit lire et exam9]1 il e/ arriv del qu' ,,il ,n' ,y ,a ,,aucune ,,me?ode ,,ni ,,aucune ,,liaison ,,de ,,p>ties ,,dans ,,ce ,,trait1 qui mme n'a jamais t a*ev1 ,horace n' ayant pas eu le tems d'y mettre la d]ni]e ma91 ou1 ce qui e/ plus vraisemblable1 n'ayant pas v\lu s'en donn] la pe9e40 ,m4 ,daci]'s ,introd4 rem>ks to ! art ( poetry4 ,! s(te/ ?+ t c be said ( su* a critic1 is1 t he well des]ves ! c5sure1 he s ju/ly appli$ to ! great ,scalig]1 ,s',,il ,l',,avoit ,,bi5 ,,ent5du1 ,,il ,,lui ,,auroit ,,r5du ,,plus ,,de ,,ju/ice1 ,,et ,,en ,,auroit ,,p>l ,,plus ,,mode/em5t4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,poetry4 ,! text ( ?is epi/le is giv5 f ,dr4 ,,b5tley',s edition1 except 9 "s few places1 ( :i* ! read] is adv]tiz$ 9 ! notes4 ,^!1 t !y might n break 9 too mu* on ! ?read ( ! ,comm5t>y1 are "h pr9t$ by !mselves4 ,= ! re/1 let me apologize ) a great critic3 ,nobis viri docti ignosc5t1 si hc fusius3 prs]tim si cogit5t1 v]i critici esse1 non lit]ulam alibi ejic]e1 alibi innoc5tem syllabam et qu nunqum male m]ita de patria fu]it1 p] jocum et ludum trucid>e et config]e2 v]m recte de autoribus et rebus judic>e1 quod et solid et absolut eruditionis e/4 ,,he9sius4 99 99 99 99 99 #a4 ,,humano ,,capiti1 c4 ,x is se51 9 ! comm5t1 ) :at elegance ?is fir/ "p to v4 #hi is made prep>atory to ! ma9 subject1 agreeably to ! g5ius ( ! ,epi/le4 ,b elegance1 9 good h&s1 always implies propriety2 z is ! case "h4 ,= ! critic's rules mu/ be tak5 ei!r1 #a4 f ! g5]al /&+ laws ( composition2 or1 #b4 f ! peculi> ones1 appropriat$ to ! k9d4 ,n[ ! direction to be fet*$ f ! =m] ( ^! s\rces w ( c\rse prec$e1 z well on acc\nt ( its sup]ior dignity1 z t ! m9d itself delights to desc5d f univ]sals to ! consid]ation ( p>ticul>s4 ,agreeably to ?is rule ( nature1 ! poet1 hav+ to correct1 9 ! ,roman drama1 ^! ?ree po9ts1 #a4 a misconduct 9 ! disposition2 #b4 an abuse ( language2 & #c4 a disreg>d ( ! peculi> *>act]s & color+s ( its diff]5t species1 ha? *os5 to d ?is on pr9ciples ( univ]sal nature2 :i*1 :ile !y include ! case ( ! drama1 at ! same "t ext5d to poetic composition at l>ge4 ,^! prefatory1 univ]sal obs]vations be+ deliv]$1 he !n proce$s1 ) advantage1 to ! second s\rce ( 8 art1 viz4 ! consid]ation ( ! laws & rules peculi> to ! k9d4 99 99 99 99 99 #i4--;,,ictoribus ,,atque ,,poetis--,,quidlibet ,,aud5di ,,semp] ,,fuit ,,aequa ,,pote/as4 ,! mod]n pa9t] & poet w obs]ve t ?is aphorism comes f ! m\? ( an objector4 99 99 99 99 99 #ad4 ,,inceptis ,,gravibus1 c4 ,^! prep>atory obs]vations conc]n+ ! laws ( poetic composition at l>ge h be5 ?\ght to glance m p>ticul>ly at ! epic poetry3 ,:i* 0 n improp]3 ,=1 #a4 ,! drama1 :i* he 0 ab\t to criticize1 _h its rise & orig9 f ! epos4 ,?us we are told by ! great critic1 t ,hom] 0 ! fir/ :o inv5t$ dramatic imitations1 -- 4 ,& to ! same purpose ,plato3 4 ,de ,rep4 l4 x4 ,h5ce1 z our noble critic obs]ves1 8,!re 0 no m left = trag$y to d aft] him1 ?an to erect a /age1 & draw 8 dialogues & *>act]s into sc5es2 turn+ 9 ! same mann] ^u "o pr9cipal action or ev5t1 ) reg>d to place & "t1 :i* 0 suitable to a real spectacle40 ,*>act]i/4 vol4 i4 p4 #aih4 #b4 ,! sev]al c5sures1 "h po9t$ at ! epic1 w\ld be> /ill m directly aga9/ ! tragic poem2 x be+ m gl>+ly inconsi/5t ) ! g5ius ( ! drama to admit ( =eign & digressive ornam5ts1 ?an ( ! ext5d$1 episodical epopia4 ,= bo? ^! reasons x 0 altoge!r p]t95t to ! poet's purpose1 9 a criticism on ! drama1 to expose ! vici\s practice ( ! epic models4 ,?\gh1 to pres]ve ! unity ( 8 piece1 & = ! reason be=e giv5 9 note on v4 #a4 he ha? artfully done ?is "u ! cov] ( g5]al criticism4 99 99 99 99 99 #ai4 ,,s$ ,,nunc ,,non ,,erat ,,8 ,,locus4 ,if "o 0 to apply ?is obs]vation to our dramatic writ+s1 ,i "k ( none :i* w\ld af=d pleasant] in/ances ( ! absurdity1 "h expos$1 ?an ! fam\s ,,orphan ( ,otway4 ,:i*1 not)/&+ its real beauties1 c\ld h>dly h tak5 s prodigi\sly1 z x ha? done1 on our /age1 if !re 7 n some:]e a defect ( good ta/e z well z ( good morals4 99 99 99 99 99 #bc4 ,,d5ique ,,sit ,,quidvis3 ,,simplex ,,duntaxat ,,et ,,unum4 ,is n x /range t he1 :o deliv]$ ?is rule 9 =m1 &1 by 8 mann] ( deliv]+ x1 appe>s to h laid ! greate/ /ress ^u x1 %\ld be ?\ght capable ( pay+ no att5tion to x himself1 9 ! conduct ( ?is epi/le8 99 99 99 99 99 #be-bh4 ,,brevis ,,esse ,,laboro1 ,,obscurus ,,fio3 ,,sectantem ,,l5ia ,,n]vi ,,deficiunt ,,animique3 ,,pr(essus ,,gr&ia ,,turget3 ,,s]pit ,,humi ,,tutus ,,nimium ,,timidusque ,,procellae4 ,if ^! *>act]s 7 to be exemplifi$ 9 our own poets1 ( reputation1 ! fir/1 ,i suppose1 might be ju/ly appli$ to ,donne2 ! second1 to ,p>nell2 ! ?ird1 to ,?omson2 & ! f\r?1 to ,addison4 ,z to ! two foll[+ l9es2 ,qui v>i>e cupit rem prodigialit] unam1 ,delph9um silvis adp+it1 fluctibus aprum3 !y are applicable to s _m ( our poets1 t1 to keep ! re/ 9 c\nt5ance1 ,i w b j m5tion ,%akespe> himself2 :o1 to enri* 8 sc5e ) t v>iety1 :i* 8 exub]ant g5ius s l>gely suppli$1 ha? de=m$ 8 be/ plays ) ^! prodigi\s incongruities4 99 99 99 99 99 #bi4 ,,qui ,,v>i>e ,,cupit ,,rem ,,prodigialit] ,,unam1 c4 ,?\gh ,i agree ) ,m4 ,daci] t prodigialit] is "h us$ 9 a good s5se1 yet ! ^w is s happily *os5 by our curi\s speak] z to c>ry ! m9d to t fictiti\s mon/]1 "u :i* he _h be=e allusively %ad[$ out ! idea ( absurd & inconsi/5t composition1 9 v4 #a4 ,! application1 h[ev]1 diff]s 9 ?is1 t1 :]eas ! mon/]1 !re pa9t$1 0 int5d$ to expose ! extravagance ( putt+ toge!r incongru\s p>ts1 )\t any ref]5ce to a :ole1 ?is prodigy is design$ to *>act]ize a :ole1 b de=m$ by ! ill-judg$ position ( its p>ts4 ,! =m] is l a mon/]1 ^: sev]al memb]s1 z ( "r belong+ to diff]5t animals1 c\ld1 by no disposition1 be made to con/itute "o consi/5t animal4 ,! o!r1 l a l&skip1 :i* ha? no objects absolutely irrelative1 or irr$ucible to a :ole1 b :i* a wrong position ( ! p>ts only r5d]s prodigi\s4 ,s5d ! bo> to ! woods2 & ! dolph9 to ! waves2 & ! pa9t] might %ew !m bo? on ! same canvass4 ,ea* is a violation ( ! law ( unity1 & a real mon/]3 ! "o1 because x conta9s an assemblage ( naturally incoh]5t p>ts2 ! o!r1 because its p>ts1 ?\gh 9 !mselves coh]5t1 are misplac$1 & disjo9t$4 99 99 99 99 99 #cd4 ,,infelix ,,op]is ,,summa3 ,,quia ,,pon]e ,,totum ,,nesciet4 ,?is obs]vation is m p>ticul>ly applicable to dramatic poetry1 ?an to any o!r1 an unity & integrity ( action be+ ( its v ess5ce4--,! poet illu/rates 8 obs]vation v happily 9 ! case ( /atu>y2 b x holds ( e o!r art1 t ha? a :ole = its object4 ,nicias1 ! pa9t]1 us$ to say#aj1 8,t ! subject 0 to him1 :at ! fable is to ! poet40 ,:i* is j ! s5tim5t ( ,horace1 rev]s$4 ,= by ! subject is meant ! :ole ( ! pa9t]'s plan1 ! totum1 :i* x w be impossible = ^? to express1 :o lay out _! pa9s s solicit\sly 9 f9i%+ s+le p>ts4 ,?us1 to take an obvi\s example1 ! l&skip-pa9t] is to draw toge!r1 & =m into "o entire view1 c]ta9 beautiful1 or /rik+ objects4 ,?is is 8 ma9 c>e4 ,x is n ev5 ess5tial to ! m]it ( 8 piece1 to lab\r1 ) extreme exactness1 ! pr9cipal con/itu5t p>ts4 ,b = ! re/1 a %rub or fl[]1 a /raggl+ goat or %eep1 ^! may be t\*$ v neglig5tly4 ,we h a great mod]n in/ance4 ,few pa9t]s h oblig$ u ) f9] sc5es1 or h possess$ ! art ( comb9+ woods1 lakes1 & rocks1 into m agreeable pictures1 ?an ,g4 ,,p\ss93 ,yet 8 animals are obs]v$ to be sc>ce wor?y an ord9>y arti/4 ,! use ( ^! is simply to decorate ! sc5e2 & s _! beauty dep5ds1 n on ! tru? & correctness ( ! draw+1 b on ! elegance ( _! disposition only4 ,=1 9 a l&skip1 ! eye c>elessly glances ov] ! small] p>ts1 & reg>ds !m only 9 ref]5ce to ! surr\nd+ objects4 ,! pa9t]'s lab\r !re=e is lo/1 or r misemploy$1 to ! prejudice ( ! :ole1 :5 x /rives to f9i%1 s m9utely1 p>ticul> objects4 ,if "s great ma/]s h %ewn !mselves ambiti\s ( ?is fame1 ! objects1 !y h lab\r$1 h be5 always su*1 z are mo/ consid]able 9 !mselves1 & h1 besides1 an effect 9 illu/rat+ & sett+ (f ! entire sc5]y4 ,x is *iefly 9 ?is view1 t ,ruisdale's wat]s1 & ,claude ,lora9's skies are s admirable4 99 99 99 99 99 #dj4--;,,cui ,,lecta ,,pot5t] ,,erit ,,res4 ,pot5t] i4 e4 1 ,lamb93 :i* gives a p]t95t s5se1 b )\t ju/ify+ ! expression4 ,! le>n$ editor ( ,/atius proposes to read pud5t]1 a ^w us$ by ,horace on o!r occasions1 & :i* suits ! mean+ ( ! place1 z well4 ,a simil> passage 9 ! epi/le to ,augu/us adds "s weight to ?is conjecture2 nec meus audet ,,rem t5t>e ,,pudor1 quam vires f]re recus5t4 99 99 99 99 99 #de4 ,,hoc ,,amet1 ,,hoc ,,sp]nat1 ,,promissi ,,c>m9is ,,auctor--,,9 ,,v]bis ,,etiam ,,t5uis ,,cautusque ,,s]5dis4 ,dr4 ,b5tley ha? inv]t$ ! ord] ( ^! two l9es2 n m]ely1 z ,i conceive1 )\t suffici5t reason1 b 9 prejudice also to ! scope & t5or ( ! poet's s5se2 9 :i* case only ,i all[ myself to dep>t f 8 text4 ,! :ole precept1 on poetical di/ribution1 is deliv]$1 z ( importance3 ,ord9is haec virtus erit et v5us1 aut ego fallor4 ,& su* inde$ x is3 =1 #a4 ,x respects no less ?an ! con/itution ( a :ole1 i4 e4 ! r$uction ( a subject into "o entire1 consi/5t plan1 ! mo/ mom5t\s & difficult ( all ! (fices ( inv5tion1 & :i* is m imm$iately address$1 9 ! high & sublime s5se ( ! ^w1 to ! ,,poet4 #b4 ',tis no trivial :ole1 :i* ! ,precept _h 9 view1 b1 z ! context %ews1 & z is fur!r app>5t f v4 #aej1 :]e ?is topic is resum$ & treat$ m at l>ge1 ! epos & ! drama3 ,) :at propriety !n is a rule ( su* dignity in=c$ by t /rong emphatic conclusion1 ,hoc amet1 hoc sp]nat1 promissi c>m9is auctor3 i4 e4 8,be ?is rule held sacr$ & inviolate by him1 :o ha? project$ & engag$ 9 a "w1 des]v+ ! appellation ( a poem40 ,7 ! subject only ! *oice or inv5tion ( words1 ! solemnity ( su* an application mu/ be ridicul\s4 ,z = ! con/ruction1 ! commone/ read] c f9d himself at no loss to def5d x aga9/ ! =ce ( ! ,doctor's objections4 99 99 99 99 99 #df4 ,,9 ,,v]bis ,,etiam ,,t5uis1 c4 ,i h said1 t ^! prep>atory obs]vations conc]n+ an unity ( design1 ! abuse ( language1 & ! diff]5t col\r+s ( ! sev]al species ( poetry1 :il/ !y ext5d to poetic composition at l>ge1 m p>ticul>ly respect ! case ( ! drama4 ,! fir/ ( ^! articles has be5 illu/rat$ 9 note on v4 #cd4 ,! la/ w be consid]$ 9 note v4 #gc4 ,i w "h %ew ! same ( ! second1 conc]n+ ! abuse ( words4 ,= #a4 ! /yle ( ! drama repres5t+ real life1 & dem&+1 on t acc\nt1 a peculi> ease & famili>ity 9 ! language1 ! practice ( co9+ new words mu/ be m insuff]able 9 ?is1 ?an 9 any o!r species ( poetry4 ,! maje/y ( ! epic w ev5 sometimes require to be support$ by ?is means1 :5 ! commone/ e> w\ld res5t x1 z d[nright affectation ^u ! /age4 ,h5ce ! peculi> propriety ( ?is rule to ! dramatic writ]1 ,9 v]bis etiam t5uis cautusque s]5dis4 #b4 ,next1 x is necess>y to keep ! tragic /yle1 ?\gh condesc5d+1 9 "s sort1 to ! famili> ca/ ( conv]sation1 f s9k+ b5ea? ! dignity ( ! p]sonages1 & ! solemnity ( ! repres5tation4 ,n[ no exp$i5t c m happily effect ?is1 ?an :at ! poet prescribes conc]n+ ! position & d]ivation ( words4 ,= ?us1 ! language1 )\t incurr+ ! odium ( absolutely inv5t$ t]ms1 su/a9s itself 9 a becom+ /atel9ess & res]ve1 &1 :il/ x seems to /oop to ! level ( conv]sation1 artfully eludes ! meanness ( a trite1 prosaic /yle4--,!re are wond]ful in/ances ( ?is managem5t 9 ! ,samson ,agoni/es ( ,milton2 ! mo/ artificial & highly f9i%$1 ?\gh = t reason1 p]haps1 ! lea/ popul> & mo/ neglect$1 ( all ! great poet's works4 99 99 99 99 99 #dg4 ,,dix]is ,,egregie1 ,,notum ,,si ,,callida ,,v]bum ,,r$did]it ,,junctura ,,novum4-- ,?is direction1 ab\t dispos+ ( old words 9 su* a mann] z t !y %all h ! grace ( new ones1 is among ! f9e/ 9 ! :ole poem4 ,& because ,%akespe> is he1 ( all our poets1 :o has mo/ successfully practis$ ?is secret1 x may n be amiss to illu/rate ! precept be=e u by examples tak5 f 8 writ+s4 ,b fir/ x w be prop] to expla9 ! precept itself z giv5 by ,horace4 ,8 critics seem n at all to h appreh5d$ ! =ce ( x4 ,daci] & ,sanadon1 ! two be/ ( !m1 conf9e x m]ely to ! =mation ( comp\nd words2 :i*1 ?\gh "o way 9 :i* ?is callida junctura %ews itself1 is by no means ! :ole ( :at ! poet int5d$ by x4 ,_! mi/ake arose f int]pret+ ! ^w junctura too /rictly4 ,!y suppose x to mean only ! putt+ toge!r two words into "o2 ?is be+ ! mo/ obvi\s idea we h ( ! jo9+ ( words4 ,z if ! mo/ lit]al con/ruction ( t]ms1 accord+ to _! etymology1 7 always ! mo/ prop]4 ,b ,mr4 ,daci] has a reason ( 8 own = conf9+ ! precept to ?is mean+4 8,! "q1 he says1 is de v]bis s]5dis2 & !re=e ?is junctura mu/ be expla9$ ( new words1 prop]ly s call$1 z comp\nd epi!ts are2 & n ( ! grace ( novelty :i* s+le words seem to acquire f ! art ( dispos+ ( !m40 ,by :i* we und]/&1 t ! le>n$ critic did n p]ceive ! scope ( 8 au?or2 :i* 0 manife/ly ?is4 8,! inv5tion ( new t]ms1 says he1 be+ a matt] ( mu* nicety1 ,i _h r y w\ld contrive to employ kn[n words 9 su* a way z to give !m ! effect ( new ones4 ',tis true1 new words may sometimes be necess>y3 ,& if s10 c4 ,:5ce we see t ! l9e1 ,9 v]bis etiam t5uis cautusque s]5dis is n giv5 "h 9 =m z ! g5]al rule1 & ! foll[+ l9e z ! example4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! rule is j m5tion$ c>elessly & 9 pass+1 :ile ! poet is ha/5+ to ano!r consid]ation ( m importance1 & :i* he ev5 opposes to ! =m]4 8,in/ead ( mak+ new words1 y w d well to conf9e y\rself m]ely to old ones40 ,:atev] !n be ! mean+ ( junctura1 x is cle> we are n to expla9 x ( su* words z exemplify ! rule de v]bis s]5dis4 ,b junctura w be/ be int]pret$ by ! usage ( ,horace toge!r ) ! context2 #a4 ,! ^w occurs only once m 9 ?is poet1 & t 9 ?is v ,epi/le4 ,x is :]e he advises a conduct ) reg>d to ! subject-matt] ( a poem1 analog\s to ?is conc]n+ ! language ( x4 ,ex noto fictum c>m5 sequ>-- ----tantum s]ies juncturaque pollet4 v4 #bdb4 ,does he mean ! jo9+ two subjects toge!r & comb9+ !m into "o1 s z t ! comp\nd subject %all be a new "o8 ,no su* ?+2 8,! subject1 says he1 %all be a kn[n1 an old "o4 ,yet ! ord]1 managem5t1 & contrivance %all be su* z to give x ! air ( an orig9al fiction40 ,apply n[ ?is s5se ( junctura to words1 & we are only told1 t expression may be s ord]$ z to appe> new1 :5 ! words1 ( :i* x is made up1 are all kn[n & common4 ,we h !n ! au?ority ( ! poet himself aga9/ ! op9ion ( ! ,fr5* critic4 ,b we h also ! au?ority ( 8 great imitator1 or r int]pret]1 ,p]sius2 :o speak+ ( ! language ( 8 satires says1 9 allusion to ?is passage ( ,horace1 8,v]ba tog sequ]is1 junctur callidus acri4 ,s4 v4 #ad4 i4 e4 he took up ) words ( common & famili> use1 b contriv$ to br+ !m into 8 /yle 9 su* a mann] z to give !m ! =ce1 _s1 & en]gy ( satiric expression40 #b4 ,aga93 ! context1 z ,i obs]v$1 leads u to ?is mean+4 ,! poet 9 v4 #db4 _h be5 giv+ 8 op9ion ( ! nature & effect ( me?od1 or ord]ly disposition 9 ! conduct ( a fable4 ,! c\rse ( 8 ideas c>ries him to apply ! obs]vation to words2 :i* he imm$iately does1 only int]pos+ v4 #df4 by way ( introduction to x4 ,on ! :ole !n junctura is a ^w ( l>ge & g5]al import1 & ! same 9 expression1 z ord] or disposition1 9 a subject4 ,! poet w\ld say1 8,in/ead ( fram+ new words1 ,i recomm5d to y any k9d ( artful managem5t by :i* y may be able to give a new air & ca/ to old ones40 ,hav+ n[ got at ! true mean+ ( ! precept1 let u see h[ well x may be exemplifi$ 9 ! practice ( ,%akespe>4 #a4 ,! fir/ example ( ?is artful managem5t1 if x 7 only 9 complaisance to =m] comm5tators1 %all be t ( comp\nd epi!ts2 ( :i* sort are1 ,high-sight$ ,tyranny ,j4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,ii4 ,s4 #b4 ,a b>r5-spirit$ fell[ ,a4 ,,iv4 ,s4 #a4 ,an arm-gaunt /e$ ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,i4 ,s4 #f4 ,fl[]-s(t h&s ,a4 ,,ii4 ,s4 #c4 ,lazy-pac+ cl\ds ,r4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,ii4 ,s4 #b4 & a ?\s& in/ances m 9 ?is poet4 ,b ?is is a small "p ( 8 craft1 z may be se5 by :at foll[s4 ,= ?is end is atta9$1 #b4 ,by ano!r =m ( composition2 by comp\nd v]bs z well z comp\nd adjectives4 ,to c&y & limn are kn[n words4 ,! poet w\ld express ! contr>y ideas1 & he does x happily1 by comp\nd+ !m ) our ,engli% negative dis1 ----8,! he>ts ,t pantl]'d me at heels1 to :om ,i gave ,_! wi%es1 d disc&y1 melt _! sweets ,on blossom+ ,cs>-- ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,iv4 ,s4 #i4 8,t :i* is n[ a horse1 ev'n ) a ?\ght ,! rack dislimns1 & makes x indi/9ct ,z wat] is 9 wat]-- ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,iv4 ,s4 #aj4 ,?\gh "h we may obs]ve1 t = ! readi] acceptation ( ^! comp\nds1 he artfully subjo9s ! explanation4 #c4 ,by a lib]ty he takes ( conv]t+ sub/antives into v]bs2 ,a glass t featur'd !m4 ,cymb4 ,a4 ,i4 ,s4 #a4 ----,simon's weep+ ,did sc&al _m a holy te>-- ,a4 ,,iii4 ,s4 #d4 ,great griefs1 ,i see1 m$ic9e ! less4 ,a4 ,,iv4 ,s4 #e4 ----t kiss ,i c>ri$ f !e1 ,de>2 & my true lip ,ha? virg9'd x e'er s9ce-- ,cor4 ,a4 ,v4 ,s4 #c4 ,or v]bs into sub/antives2 ----,!n began ,a /op i' ?' *as]1 a ,retire-- ,cymb4 ,a4 ,v4 ,s4 #b4 ----take ,no /rict] r5d] ( me-- ,a4 ,v4 ,s4 #c4 ----h&k]*ief ,/ill wav+1 z ! fits & /irs ('s m9d ,c\ld be/ express-- ,cymb4 ,a4 ,i4 ,s4 #e4 ----,sextus ,pompeius ,ha? giv'n ! d>e to ,cs>-- ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,i4 ,s4 #c4 #d4 ,by us+ active v]bs neutrally1 ----,he ha? f\ght to-day ,z if a god 9 hate ( mank9d _h ,de/roy'd1 9 su* a %ape-- ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,iv4 ,s4 #f4 ,x is ! bloody bus9ess1 t in=ms ,?us to m9e eyes-- ,macb4 ,a4 ,,ii4 ,s4 #b4 ,& neutral v]bs actively1 ----nev] man ,sigh'd tru] brea?2 b t ,i see !e "h1 ,?\ noble ?+6 m dances my rapt he>t ,?an :5 ,i fir/ my w$d$ mi/ress saw ,be/ride my ?re%old-- ,cor4 ,a4 ,,iv4 ,s4 #d4 ----l smil+ ,cupids1 ,) div]s-col\r'd fans1 ^: w9d did seem ,to gl[ ! delicate *eeks :i* !y did cool-- ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,ii4 ,s4 #c4 #e4 ,by conv]t+ ,adjectives into ,sub/antives4 ----,i d n ?9k ,s fair an outw>d & su* /uff )9 ,end[s a man b him-- ,cymb4 ,a4 ,i4 ,s4 #a4 #f4 ,by conv]t+ ,p>ticiples into ,sub/antives4 ,he w\ld h well become ?is place1 & grac'd ,! ?ank+s ( a ,k+-- ,cymb4 ,a4 ,v4 ,s4 #e4 ,! h]bs1 t h 9 !m cold dew o' ?' night1 ,are /rew+s fitt'/ = ,graves-- ,a4 ,,iv4 ,s4 #e4 ----8,!n 0 ,i z a tree ,^: b\ghs did b5d ) fruit4 ,b1 9 "o night1 ,a /orm1 or robb]y1 call x :at y w1 ,%ook d[n my mell[ hang+s---- ,cymb4 ,a4 ,,iii4 ,s4 #c4 ----,comes 9 my fa!r1 ,& l ! tyrann\s brea?+ ( ! ,nor? ,%akes all our ,buds f bl[+---- ,cymb4 ,a4 ,i4 ,s4 #e4 ,:i* la/ in/ance ,i ! r give = ! sake ( propos+ an em5dation1 :i* ,i ?9k re/ores ?is f9e passage to its ,integrity4 ,be=e ! late edition ( ,%akespe> x /ood ?us1 ,& l ! tyrann\s brea?+ ( ! ,nor? ,%akes all our ,buds f gr[+-- ,b ! sagaci\s ,editor saw t ?is read+ 0 corrupt1 & !re=e alt]$ ! la/ ^w1 gr[+1 = unansw]able reasons1 into bl[+4 ,see ,mr4 ,w's note ^u ! place4 ,?is slight *ange gives propriety & beauty to ! passage1 :i* be=e _h no sort ( mean+4 ,yet /ill all is n q "r4 ,=1 z ! great ,critic himself obs]ves1 8,brea?+ is n a v prop] ^w to express ! rage & blu/] ( ! nor? w9d40 ,besides1 "o does n see h[ ! %ak+ ( ^! ,buds is prop]ly assign'd z ! cause ( _! n bl[+4 ,! w9d might %ake (f ! blossoms ( a fruit tree1 i4 e4 ! ,buds :5 !y 7 full-bl[n2 b s long z ! blossom lies fold$ up 9 ! ,bud1 x seems secure f %ak+4 ,at lea/ ! %ak+ is n ! imm$iate cause ( ! effect1 spok5 (2 x is simply ! cold ( ! nor?-w9d t closes ! ,bud & keeps x f bl[+4 ,i am !re=e tempt$ to propose ano!r alt]ation ( ! text1 & to read ?us1 ,& l ! tyrann\s ,brea?+ ( ! ,nor? ,%uts all our ,buds f bl[+-- ,if ?is correction be all[$1 e ?+ is p]fectly "r4 ,x is prop]ly ! brea?+1 ! cold brea? ( ! ,nor?1 t %uts up ! ,buds :5 !y are on ! po9t ( bl[+4 ,:5ce ! epi!t tyrann\s w be und]/ood n z imply+ ! idea ( blu/'r+ 7an idea inde$ necess>y if we reta9 ! ^w %akes7 b simply ( cruel1 ! tyranny ( ?is w9d consi/+ 9 imprison+ ! fl[] 9 its ,bud & d5y+ x ! lib]ty ( com+ out into ,blossom4 ,! application too ( ?is comp>ison1 :i* requir$ ! *ange ( gr[+ into bl[+1 seems also to require ! pres5t alt]ation ( %akes4 ,= !re 0 no mann] ( viol5ce 9 ! fa!r's com+ 9 ^u ! lov]s4 ,all ! effect 01 t 8 pres5ce re/ra9$ !m f t int]*ange ( t5d] words1 :i* 0 go+ to take place betwe5 !m4 ,?us f> ,i _h writt5 9 ! la/ edition ( ^! notes1 & ,i1 n[1 see no cause to d\bt ! g5]al tru? & propriety ( ?is em5dation4 ,only x occurs to me t1 in/ead ( ,,%uts1 ! poet's own ^w might1 p]haps1 be ,,*ecks2 z n only be+ m l 9 s\nd to ! ^w %akes1 b z com+ ne>] to ! traces ( ! ,lett]s4 ,besides1 ,,*ecks gives ! precise idea we %\ld naturally look =1 :e!r we reg>d ! integrity ( ! figure--tyrann\s--*ecks--1 or ! ?+ illu/rat$ by x1 viz4 ! abrupt com+ 9 ( ! fa!r1 :i* 0 prop]ly a *eck ^u ! lov]s4 ,la/ly1 ! expression is m5d$ by ?is read+2 = ?\gh we may be all[$ to say %uts f bl[+1 yet *ecks f bl[+1 is easi] & bett] ,engli%4 ,b to return to o!r ,in/ances ( ! ,poet's artifice 9 ! managem5t ( kn[n words4 ,an app>5t ,novelty is sometimes effect$ #g4 ,by turn+ ,p>ticiples into ,adv]bs-- ----trembl+ly %e /ood ,& on ! sudd5 dropt-- ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,v4 ,s4 #e4 7,"o rememb]s ! f9e use ,mr4 ,pope has made ( ?is ^w 91 ,or t\*1 if trembl+ly alive all o'er--7 ----,b 8 flaw'd he>t1 ,alack1 too weak ! conflict to support1 ',twixt two extremes ( ,passion1 joy & grief1 ,bur/ smil+ly-- ,le>1 ,a4 ,v4 ,s4 #h4 #h4 ,by figurative t]ms2 i4 e4 by su* t]ms z ?\gh common 9 ! pla91 are unusual 9 ! figurative application4 ----,?is common ,body ,l to a vagabond flag1 ^u ! /ream1 ,goes to1 & back1 lacquy+ ! v>y+ tide4 ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,i4 ,s4 #e4 ----,:5 sn[ ! ,pa/ure %eets4 ib4 ,to ?is head may be ref]r$ ^? innum]able t]ms 9 ,%akespe> :i* surprize u by _! novelty2 & :i* surprize u g5]ally1 on acc\nt ( 8 pref]r+ ! specific idea to ! g5]al 9 ! subjects ( 8 ,metaphors & ! circum/ances ( 8 ,description2 an excell5ce 9 poetical expression :i* _c be suffici5tly /udi$4 ,! examples are too frequ5t1 & ! ?+ itself too well und]/ood1 to make x necess>y to enl>ge on ?is article4 #i4 ,by pla9 words1 i4 e4 su* z are common 9 ! figurative1 uncommon 9 ! lit]al acceptation4 ,disa/]s vail'd ! ,sun-- ,ham4 ,a4 ,i4 ,s4 #a4 ,see ! note on ! place4 ,?' extravagant & err+ _s hies ,to 8 conf9e-- ib4 ----,c't su* ?+s be ,& ov]come u1 l a ,summ]'s cl\d1 ,)\t our special wond]8-- ,macb4 ,a4 ,,iii4 ,s4 #e4 #aj4 ,by transposition ( words--unau?oriz'd use ( t]ms--& ungrammatical con/ruction4 ,in/ances 9 all 8 plays1 passim4 #aa4 ,by =eign idioms4 ',tis true ^! are n frequ5t 9 ,%akespe>4 ,yet "s ,lat9isms & e'en ,grecisms we h4 ,z ,qu5*$ ( hope-- ,cymb4 ,a4 ,v4 ,s4 #e4 ,& ! l4 ,b1 :i* is m rem>kable & s]v$ 8 purpose j z well1 ! writ]s ( t "t _h s lat9iz'd ! ,engli% language2 t ! pure ,engli% ,idiom1 :i* ,%akespe> g5]ally foll[s1 has all ! air ( novelty :i* o!r writ]s are us$ to affect by a =eign phraseology4 ,! ,read] sees1 x 7 easy to ext5d ?is li/ ( ,%akespe>'s arts 9 ! ,callida junctura mu* f>!r4 ,b ,i int5d$ only a specim5 ( !m2 s mu* z might s]ve to illu/rate ! rule ( ,horace4 ,x is en\gh1 t we h n[ a p]fect appreh5sion ( :at is meant by ,,callida ,,junctura2 ,& t x is1 9 effect1 b ano!r ^w = ,lic5ti\s ,expression3 ,! use ( :i* is1 z ,qu9tilian well expresses x1 8,ut quotidiani et semp] eodem modo =mati s]monis ,fa/idium levet1 et nos vulg>i dic5di g5]e def5dat40 ,9 %ort1 ! articles1 "h enum]at$1 are b s _m ways ( dep>t+ f ! usual & simpl] =ms ( spee*1 )\t neglect+ too mu* ! grace ( ease & p]spicuity2 ,9 :i* well-temp]$ lic5ce "o ( ! greate/ *>ms ( all poetry1 b especially ( ,%akespe>'s poetry1 consi/s4 ,n t ,he 0 always & e :]e s happy1 z 9 ! in/ances giv5 above4 ,8 expression sometimes1 & by ! v means1 "h exemplifi$1 becomes h>d1 obscure1 & unnatural4 ,?is is ! extreme on ! o!r side4 ,b 9 g5]al1 we may say1 t ,he ha? ei!r foll[$ ! direction ( ,horace v ably1 or ha? hit ^u 8 ,rule v happily4 ,we are n p]haps to expect ! same ability1 or good =tune f o!rs4 ,novelty is a *>m :i* no?+ c excuse ! want (1 9 works ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,& ! necessity ( prev5t+ ! t$ium aris+ f hackni$ expression is s in/ant1 t ^?1 :o are nei!r capable ( prescrib+ to !mselves ?is ,rule ( ! callida ,junctura1 or ( foll[+ x :5 prescrib$ by o!rs1 are yet incl9$ to ape x by "s spuri\s contrivance2 :i* be+ slight 9 itself w soon become liable to excess1 & ridicul\s by its absurdity4 ,i h a rem>kable in/ance 9 view1 ) :i* ! read] w n be displeas$ t ,i conclude ?is long note4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! #ag? c5tury "o ( ! mo/ common ( ^! mimic ef=ts 0 ! endless multiplication ( ,epi!ts2 :i* soon made _! poetry at once bo? /iff & n]veless4 ,:5 frequ5t & excessive use _h made ?is exp$i5t ridicul\s z well z *eap1 !y tri$ ano!r1 x's v opposite ! rejection ( all ,epi!ts1 & s ( languid poetry1 made rigid ,prose4 ,?is too _h x's day4 ,a dramatic ,poet ( t "t has expos$ ^! opposite follies ) mu* hum\r4 ,a "* ( s5se & pleasantry is made to int]rogate a ,poeta/] 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,,goldswor?4 ,ma/] ,,cap]wit1 be=e y read1 pray tell me1 ,h y\r v]ses any ,,adjectives8 ,,cap]wit4 ,adjectives6 ,w\ld y h a poem )\t ,adjectives8 ,!y are ! fl['rs1 ! grace ( all our language2 ,a well-*os5 ,epi!te do? give new ,s\le ,to fa9t+ ,poesie2 & makes ev]ye v]se ,a ,bribe4 ,) ,adjectives we baite our l9es1 ,:5 we d fi% = ,g5tlewom5's loves1 ,& ) _! sweetness cat* ! nibbl+ e> ,( amor\s ,ladies3 ,) ! music ( ,^! ravi%+ ,n\ns1 we *>m ! silk5 tribe1 ,& make ! ,gallant melt ) appreh5sion ,( ! r>e ^w3 ,i w ma9ta9 't 7aga9/ ,a bundle ( ,gramm>ians7 9 ,poetry ,! ,sub/antive itself _c subsi/ ,)\t an ,adjective4 ,,goldswor?4 ,b = all t1 ,^! words w\ld s\nd m full1 me?9ks1 t are n ,s l>d$2 &1 if ,i might c\nsel y1 ,y %\ld compose a ,sonnet1 cleane )\t !m4 ,a r[ ( /ately ,,sub/antives w\ld m>*1 ,l ,switz]s1 & be> all ! field be=e !m2 ,c>ry _! weight1 %ew fair1 l ,,de$s enroll'd2 ,n ,,writs1 t are fir/ made1 & aft] fill'd3 ,!nce fir/ came up ! title ( ,,blank v]se4 ,y "k1 ,sir1 :at ,blank signifies8 ,:5 ! ,s5se ,fir/ fram'd1 is ti$ ) ,adjectives1 l ,po9ts1 ,& c\ld n hold toge!r1 )\t w$ges4 ,hang 't1 'tis ,p$anticke1 vulg> ,poetry4 ,let *ildr51 :5 !y v]sifye1 /icke "h ,& !re ^! pidl+ words1 = want ( matt]2 ,,poets write mascul9e numb]s4 ,,cap]wit4 ,y h giv5 me a pretty h9t3 ',tis ,,new4 ,i w be/[ ^! v]ses on my footman2 ,!y'll s]ve a ,*amb]maid-- ,,%irley',s ,*ances1 or ,love 9 a ,maze4 99 99 99 99 99 #ed4 ,c,,cilio ,,plautoque ,,dabit ,,romanus1 ,,ademptum ,,virgilio ,,v>ioque8 ,! "q is b reasonable4 ,yet ! answ] w n be to ! satisfaction ( him t puts x4 ,?is hum\r1 we may obs]ve1 holds "h 9 ,engl&1 z x did =m]ly at ,rome2 & w1 ,i suppose1 hold e-:]e1 "u ! same circum/ances4 ,ccilius & ,plautus 7 all[$ to co91 b n ,virgil & ,v>ius4 ,! same indulg5ce our au?ors _h at ! re/oration ( lett]s2 b x is d5i$ to our pres5t writ]s4 ,! reason is pla9ly ?is4 ,:ile arts are ref9+ or reviv+1 ! great] "p are =c$1 & all are cont5t to be ,le>n]s4 ,:5 !y are gr[n to _! usual height1 all affect to be ,tea*]s4 ,) ?is affectation1 a c]ta9 envy1 z ! poet obs]ves1 ----cur adquir]e pauca1 ,si possum1 invideor-- ins9uates itself2 :i* is = re/ra9+ ! privileges ( writ]s1 to all ( :om e read] is n[ become a ,rival4 ,:]eas m51 "u ! fir/ "* ( ,le>n]s1 are glad to enc\rage e ?+ t makes = _! in/ruction4 ,b :atev] (f5ce may be tak5 at ?is practice1 good writ]s1 z !y safely may1 %\ld d>e to v5ture ^u x4 ,a p]fect language is a *imra4 ,9 e /ate ( x !re w frequ5tly be occasion1 sometimes a necessity1 to haz>d a new ^w4 ,& let n a great g5ius be disc\rag$1 by ! fa/idi\s delicacy ( 8 age1 f a sob] use ( ?is privilege4 ,let him1 z ! poet directs1 ,comm& old words1 t long h slept1 to wake1 ,words1 t wise ,,bacon1 or brave ,,ralegh spake2 ,or bid ! new be ,engli% ages h5ce1 ,= ,,use w fa!r :at's begot by ,,s5se4 ,?is too 0 ! con/ant language ( anci5t criticism4 8,aud5dum tam52 namque1 ut ait ,cic]o1 etiam qu prim dura visa sunt1 usu molliuntur10 ,qu9til4 l4 i4 c4 v4 99 99 99 99 99 #gj4 ,,multa ,,r5asc5tur1 ,,quae ,,jam ,,cecid]e4 ,?is revival ( old words is "o ( ^? niceties 9 composition1 n to be attempt$ by any b great ma/]s4 ,x may be done two ways1 #a4 by re/or+ su* t]ms1 z are gr[n entirely obsolete2 or1 #b4 by select+ out ( ^?1 :i* h /ill a curr5cy1 & are n q laid aside1 su* z are mo/ =cible & expressive4 ,= s ,i und]/& a passage 9 ,cic]o1 :o urges ?is d\ble use ( old words1 z an argum5t1 to 8 orator1 = ! dilig5t /udy ( ! old ,lat9 writ]s4 ,8 words are ^!3 ,loqu5di elegantia1 quamquam expolitur sci5ti lit]>um1 tam5 augetur leg5dis oratoribus vet]ibus et poetis3 sunt enim illi vet]es1 qui orn>e nondum pot]ant ea1 quae dicebant1 omnes prope prcl>e locuti--,neque tam5 erit ut5dum v]bis iis1 quibus jam consuetudo no/ra non utitur1 nisi qu&o orn&i caus1 p>c1 quod o/5dam2 s$ usitatis ita pot]it uti1 lectissimis ut utatur is1 qui 9 vet]ibus erit scriptis /udios et multum volutatus4 ,de ,orat4 l4 iii4 c4 x4 ,^! *oice words among/ su* z are /ill 9 use1 ,i take to be ^? :i* are employ$ by ! old writ]s 9 "s peculi>ly /rong & en]getic s5se1 yet s z ) advantage to be copi$ by ! mod]ns1 )\t appe>+ b>b>\s or affect$4 ,see ,,hor4 lib4 ii4 ep4 ii4 v4 #aae4 ,& ! reason1 by ! way1 ( our f9d+ su* words 9 ! old writ]s ( e language1 may be ?is4 ,:5 ideas are new to u1 !y /rike u mo/ =cibly2 & we endeav\r to express1 n our s5se only1 b our s5sations1 9 ! t]ms we use to expla9 !m4 ,! passion ( wond]1 :i* ,philosophy w\ld cure u (1 is ( s+ul> use 9 rais+ ! conception1 & /r5g!n+ ! expression ( poets4 ,& su* is always ! condition ( old writ]s1 :5 ! arts are reviv+1 or b beg9n+ to ref9e4 ,! o!r use ( old t]ms1 i4 e4 :5 become obsolete1 he says1 mu/ be made p>c1 m sp>+ly4 ,! contr>y w\ld1 9 oratory1 be insuff]able affectation4 ,! rule holds 9 poetry1 b ) great] latitude2 =1 z he obs]ves 9 ano!r place1 & ! reason ( ! ?+ speaks1 hc sunt ,poet>um lic5ti lib]iora4 ,de ,or4 iii4 #ch4 ,b ! elegance ( ! /yle1 we are told1 is increas$ bo? ways4 ,! reason is1 accord+ to ,qu9ctilian 7:o 0 p]fectly ( ,cic]o's m9d 9 ?is matt]4 ,see l4 x4 c4 i47 ,v]ba vetu/ate repetita aff]unt orationi maje/atem aliquam non s9e delectatione2 nam et auctoritatem antiquitatis hab5t2 et1 quia int]missa sunt1 gratiam novitati similem p>ant4 ,lib4 i4 c4 vi4 sub f94 ,b ?is is n all3 ,! ri*es ( a language are actually increas$ by reta9+ its old words2 & besides1 !y h (t5 a great] real weight & dignity1 ?an ^? ( a m fa%ionable ca/1 :i* succe$ to !m4 ,?is ne$s no pro( to su* z are v]s$ 9 ! e>li] writ+s 9 any language4 ,a v capable judge ha? obs]v$ x 9 reg>d ( ! mo/ admir$ mod]n "o3 ,n\s avons tellem5t laiss ce qui toit au viel franois1 que n\s avons laiss quant et quant la plus "p de ce qu'il avoit de bon4 ,trait4 prp>atif l' ,apol4 p\r ,h]od4 l4 i4 c4 xxviii4 ,or1 if ! read] requires a m decisive te/imony1 let him take x 9 ! words ( t curi\s speak]1 ,f5elon4 ,ntre langue manque d'un gr& nombre de mots et de phrases4 ,il me semble mme qu'on l'a g5e et appauvrie depuis environ c5t ans en v\lant la purifi]4 ,il e/ vrai qu'elle toit encore un peu in=me et trop v]beuse4 ,mais le vieux language se fait regrett]1 qu& n\s le retr\vons dans ,,m>ot1 dans ,,amiot1 dans le ,c>d9al d',,ossat1 dans les ouvrages les plus enj\es1 et dans les plus s]ieux4 ,il y avoit je ne scai quoi de c\rt1 de nif1 de vif et de passion4 ,reflex4 sur la ,rhetorique1 ,am/4 #agcc4 p4 #d4 ,f ^! te/imonies we le>n ! extreme value1 :i* ^! ma/]s ( composition set ^u _! old writ]s2 & z ! reason ( ! ?+ ju/ifies _! op9ions1 we may fur!r see ! important use ( "s late attempts to re/ore a bett] k ( our own4 ,:i* ,i obs]ve ) pleasure1 z ! gr[+ preval5cy ( a v diff]5t hum\r1 fir/ cat*$1 z x %\ld seem1 f our comm]ce ) ! ,fr5* models1 & c\nt5anc$ by ! too scrupul\s delicacy ( "s good writ]s among/ ourselves1 _h gone f> t[>ds unn]v+ ! noble/ mod]n language1 & effem9at+ ! public ta/e4 ,?is 0 n a little =w>d$ by1 :at g5]ally makes its appe>ance at ! same "t1 a k9d ( fem99e curiosity 9 ! *oice ( words2 cauti\sly avoid+ & reprobat+ all su* 7:i* 7 n seldom ! mo/ expressive7 z _h be5 prophan$ by a too vulg> use1 or _h suff]$ ! t\* ( "s o!r accid5tal ta9t4 ,?is ran u into p]iphrases & g5]al expression2 ! peculi> bane ( e poli%$ language4 ,:]eas ! rhetorician's judgm5t "h aga9 %\ld direct u3 ,omnia v]ba 7exceptis paucis p>um v]ecundis7 sunt alicubi optima2 nam et humilibus int]im et vulg>ibus e/ opus1 et qu cultiore 9 p>te vid5tur sordida1 ubi res poscit1 propri dicuntur4 ,:i* seems borr[$ f ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus 4 4 xii4 1 1 1 1 1 4 ,h[ev] ^? two causes1 8,! rejection ( old words1 z b>b>\s1 & ( _m mod]n ones1 z unpolite10 _h s exhau/$ ! /r5g? & /ores ( our language1 t1 z ,i obs]v$1 x 0 high "t = "s ma/]-h& to int]pose & s5d u = supplies to our old poets2 :i*1 !re is ! highe/ au?ority = say+1 no "o ev] despis$1 b = a reason1 n v consi/5t ) 8 cr$it to av[3 rudem enim esse omn9o 9 no/ris potis aut in]tissim segniti e/ aut fa/idii delicatissimi4 ,cic4 de f94 l4 i4 c4 ii4 99 99 99 99 99 #gb4--,,si ,,volet ,,usus1 c4 ,consuetudo c]tissima loqu5di magi/ra2 ut5dumque plan s]mone1 ut nummo1 qui publica =ma e/4 ,qu9ctil4 l4 i4 c4 vi4 imitat$ f ,horace4 ,9 ,lucian too1 we f9d x "o ( ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ ! ,p$ant1 ,lexiphanes1 t he clipp$ ! /&>d ,,co9 ( ! ,greek language-- 1 7c4 #bj47 99 99 99 99 99 #gc4 ,,res ,,ge/ae1 etc4 ,! purport ( ^! l9es f v4 #gc to #hf & _! connexion ) :at foll[s1 ha? n be5 fully se54 ,!y w\ld express ?is g5]al proposition1 8,t ! sev]al k9ds ( poetry ess5tially diff] f ea* o!r1 z may be ga!r$1 n solely f _! diff]5t subjects1 b _! diff]5t measures2 :i* good s5se1 & an att5tion to ! peculi> natures ( ea*1 in/ruct$ ! great inv5tors & ma/]s ( !m to employ40 ,! use made ( ?is proposition is to inf]1 8t !re=e ! l att5tion %\ld be _h to ! diff]5t species ( ! same k9d ( poetry v4 #hi1 c4 z 9 ! case ( trag$y & com$y 7to :i* ! application is made7 ^: peculi> diff]5ces & correspond5cies1 z result+ f ! natures ( ea*1 %\ld1 9 agreem5t to ! univ]sal law ( decorum1 be exactly kn[n & dilig5tly obs]v$ by ! poet40 ,s+ula quque locum t5eant sortita dec5tem4 v4 #ib4 ,b1 !re is a fur!r propriety 9 ?is enum]ation ( ! sev]al k9ds ( poetry1 z address$ to ! dramatic writ]4 ,he is n only to /udy1 = ! purposes "h expla9$1 ! *>act]i/ic diff]5ces ( ei!r species ( ! drama3 ,he mu/ fur!r be kn[+ 9 ! o!r k9ds ( poetry1 s z to be able1 z ! nature ( 8 "w %all dem&1 to adopt ! g5ius ( ea*1 9 its turn1 & to transf] ! graces ( univ]sal poetry into ! drama4 ,?us1 to foll[ ! division "h laid d[n1 !re w sometimes be occasion = ! pomp & high color+ ( ! ,,epic n>ration2 sometimes = ! pla9tive s(tness & passionate inconnexion ( ! ,,elegy3 & ! *orus1 if *>act]iz$ 9 ! anci5t mann]1 mu/ cat* ! fi]y1 inraptur$ _s ( ! ,,ode4 ,descriptas s]v>e vices op]umque colores1 ,cur ego1 si nequeo ignoroque1 ,,poeta salutor8 ,h5ce is se5 ! tru? ( t rem>k1 :i* !re ha? be5 m ?an once occasion to make1 8,t1 h[ev] g5]al ^! prefatory in/ructions may appe>1 !y m especially respect ! case ( ! drama40 99 99 99 99 99 #ij4 ,,indignatur ,,item1 etc4--,,co5a ,,?ye/ae4 ,il met le s\p] de ,?ye/e p\r t\tes sortes de trag$ies1 says ,m4 ,daci]2 b :y ?is subject 0 s+l$ out1 z ! repres5tative ( ! re/1 is n expla9$ by him4 ,we may be sure1 x 0 n tak5 up at r&om4 ,! reason 01 t ! ,?ye/es ( ,ennius 0 peculi>ly *>geable ) ! fault1 "h c5sur$3 z is pla9 f a curi\s passage 9 ! ,orator2 :]e ,cic]o1 speak+ ( ! loose numb]s ( c]ta9 poets1 obs]ves ?is1 9 p>ticul>1 ( ! trag$y ( ,?ye/es1 ,similia sunt qudam apud no/ros3 velut 9 ,?ye/e1 ,quemnam te esse dicam8 qui t>d 9 s5ectute4 et qu sequuntur3 qu nisi cm tibic5 access]it1 ,,orationi ,,sunt ,,solut ,,simillima3 :i* "* exactly agrees to ?is ( ,horace1 :]e9 ! language ( t play is c5sur$1 z flat & prosaic1 & h>dly ris+ above ! level ( ord9>y conv]sation 9 com$y4 ,?is allusion to a p>ticul> play1 writt5 by "o ( _! be/ poets1 & frequ5tly exhibit$ on ! ,roman /age1 gives great =ce & _s to ! precept1 at ! same "t t x exemplifies x 9 ! happie/ mann]4 ,x seems fur!r probable to me1 t ! poet also design$ an indirect complim5t to ,v>ius1 ^: ,?ye/es1 we are told1 ,qu9ctil4 l4 x4 c4 i4 0 n inf]ior to any trag$y ( ! ,greeks4 ,?is d\ble int5tion ( ^! l9es well suit$ ! poet's g5]al aim1 :i* is se5 ?r\gh all 8 critical works1 ( beat+ d[n ! excessive admiration ( ! old poets1 & ( ass]t+ ! j hon\rs ( ! mod]n4 ,x may fur!r be obs]v$ t ! critics h n felt ! =ce ( ! words exponi & n>r>i 9 ?is precept4 ,!y are admirably *os5 to express ! two faults condemn$3 ! fir/ imply+ a k9d ( pomp & o/5tation 9 ! language1 :i* is !re=e improp] = ! l[ subjects ( com$y3 & ! latt]1 z ,i h h9t$1 a flat1 prosaic expression1 n above ! ca/ ( a common n>rative1 & !re=e equally unfit = trag$y4 ,no?+ c be m rambl+ ?an ! comm5t ( ,he9sius & ,daci] on ?is la/ ^w4 99 99 99 99 99 #id4 ,,iratusque ,,*remes ,,tumido ,,dilitigat ,,ore3 ,,et ,,tragicus ,,pl]umque ,,dolet ,,s]mone ,,p$e/ri4 ,x may n be amiss to op5 a little m p>ticul>ly ! gr\nds ( ?is criticism3 :i* may be/ be done by a comm5t>y on ! foll[+ l9es ( ! poet3 ,=mat enim natura pris nos ints ad omnem ,=tun>um habitum2 juvat aut impellit ad iram2 ,aut ad humum mrore gravi d$ucit et angit3 ,p/ eff]t animi motus int]prete l+u3 ,to draw aft] ! life1 9 any giv5 conjuncture1 ! poet mu/ recollect 7:i* may easily be done by consult+ ) 8 own consci\s exp]i5ce7 t peculi> disposition ( m9d1 into :i* ! speak] is1 ( necessity1 c>ri$ by ! circum/ances ( 8 situation4 ,& ! s5tim5ts1 :i* give ! image ( ?is peculi> disposition1 are ! g5u9e l9eam5ts ( ! "* int5d$4 ,b ! tru? ( s5tim5t may be hurt or effac$ by incongru\s language1 j z ! exacte/ l9eam5ts ( a portrait are (t5 disguis$ or lo/ "u a vici\s color+4 ,to pa9t !n z well z draw aft] ! tru?1 x is requisite t a fur!r reg>d be _h to ! expression4 ,:i* aga9 is no great difficulty = ! arti/1 ! same common nature hold+ ! tor* to him1 z be=e4 ,= 9 ent]+ into ourselves we f9d1 t z ! m9d1 9 any suppos$ situation1 gives bir? to a c]ta9 set ( conceptions & s5tim5ts1 correspond5t to its true /ate1 & expressive ( x3 s by att5d+ to ! language1 9 :i* ^? s5tim5ts ord9>ily manife/ !mselves1 we easily p]ceive !y take "o /yle or mann] ( expression pref]ably to e o!r4 ,= expression1 :]e false art is n employ$ to di/ort x1 gives ! j image ( our s5tim5ts2 j z ^!1 :5 nature is n suppress$ or c\nt]act$1 are ev] ! fai?ful repres5tatives ( ! mann]s4 ,!y result1 l ! fam\s ,simulacra ( ,epicurus1 z by a secret de/9ation1 f _! orig9al =ms2 & are1 ea*1 ! p]fect copies ( o!r4 ,all :i* w be cle>ly und]/ood by apply+ ^! g5]al obs]vations to ! in/ances 9 view4 ,! passion ( ,,ang] r\ses all ! native fire & en]gy ( ! s\l4 ,9 ?is disord]1 &1 z x 71 insurrection ( ! m5tal p[]s1 our s5tim5ts are /rong & vigor\s2 nature prompt+ u to lib]al & l(ty conceptions ( ourselves1 & a sup]ior disda9ful reg>d ( o!rs4 ,?is aga9 det]m9es ! g5ius ( our language1 :i*1 to con=m to su* s5tim5ts1 mu/ be bold & animat$2 break+ out into =cible imag]y1 & swell+ 9 all ! pomp ( s\nd+ epi!ts & viol5t figures4 ,& ?is ev5 amid/ ! humbl] conc]ns ( private & inf]ior =tunes3 ,iratusque ,*remes ,,tumido ,,dilitigat ,,ore4 ,9 ! passion ( ,,grief1 on ! contr>y1 ! rev]se ( ?is takes place4 ,= ! m9d1 oppress$ & weigh$ d[n by its sorr[s1 s9ks into a weak & timor\s despond5cy2 incl9+ u to submit1 almo/ )\t resi/ance1 to ! incumb5t affliction2 or if we /ruggle at all ) x1 x is only to ease ! lab\r+ he>t by putt+ =? "s fruitless sighs & ineffectual compla9+s4 ,?us we f9d x repres5t$ by ^? p]fect ma/]s ( simple nature1 ! ,greek trag$ians4 ,s f> are _! sorr[+ p]sonages f ent]ta9+ any vigor\s ?\ghts or manly resolutions1 t !y con/antly langui% into sad rep9+s at _! pres5t1 & trembl+ appreh5sions ( future1 mis]y4 ,:5 ^! s5tim5ts come to express !mselves 9 words1 :at c !y be b ! pla9e/ & simple/ :i* ! language ( ! compla9ant furni%es8 ,su* neglig5ce1 or m prop]ly su* dejection1 ( sorr[ disposes ! speak] to take up ) t]ms z humble z 8 =tune4 ,8 feeble conception is n only unapt or unable to look out = f9e words & pa9t$ phrases2 b1 if *ance ?r[ !m 9 8 way1 he ev5 rejects !m z trapp+s ( ano!r condition1 & :i* s]ves only to upbraid 8 pres5t wret*$ness4 ,! pomp ( numb]s & pride ( poetic expression are s little 8 c>e1 t x is well if he ev5 tr\ble himself to obs]ve ! ord9>y exactness ( m]e prose#aa4 ,& ?is ev5 :]e ! height ( rank & importance ( affairs conspire to elevate ! m9d to m /ate & dignity4 ,et tragicus pl]umque ,,dolet ,,s]mone ,,p$e/ri4 ,?us f> ! dramatic writ] may in=m himself by ent]+ into 8 own consci\sness1 & obs]v+ ! sure dictates ( exp]i5ce4 ,= :at conc]ns ! successful application ( ?is rule 9 practice1 e ?+1 z is rem>k$ bel[1 on v4 #ajb4 mu/ dep5d on ! con/itution ( 8 own m9d2 :i* yet may be mu* assi/$ by ! dilig5t /udy ( ^? writ]s1 :o excel mo/ 9 ?is way3 9 :i* class all agree to give ! palm to ,,euripides4 ,b "h x may n be improp] to obviate a common mi/ake t seems to h aris5 f ! too /rict int]pretation ( ! poet's ,rule4 ,tragic *>act]s1 he says1 w g5]ally express _! sorr[s 9 a prosaic language4 ,f ?is j obs]vation1 ha/ily consid]$ & comp>$ ) ! absurd practice ( "s writ]s1 x ha? be5 conclud$1 ,t :at we call pure ,poetry1 ! ess5ce ( :i* consi/s 9 bold figures & a lively imag]y1 ha? no place on ! ,/age4 ,x may n be suffici5t to oppose to ?is notion ! practice ( ! be/ poets1 anci5t & mod]n2 = ! "q recurrs1 h[ f> t practice is to be ju/ifi$ on ! pr9ciples ( good criticism & common s5se4 ,to come !n1 to ! ,reason ( ! ?+4 ,! capital rule 9 ?is matt] is1 ,r$d]e ,p]son--conv5i5tia cuique4 ,b to d ?is1 ! ,situation ( ! p]sons1 & ! v>i\s passions result+ f su* situation1 mu/ be well consid]$4 ,ea* ( ^! has a "* or turn ( ?9k+ peculi> to itself4 ,b all agree 9 ?is prop]ty1 t !y occupy ! :ole att5tion ( ! speak]1 & are p]petually (f]+ to 8 m9d a set ( pictures or images1 suitable to 8 /ate1 & expressive ( x4 ,9 ^! ! tragic "* ( e d5om9ation loves to indulge2 z we may see by look+ no f>!r ?an on :at passes be=e u 9 common life1 :]e p]sons1 "u ! influ5ce ( any passion1 are m eloqu5t & h a great] quickness at allusion & imag]y1 ?an at o!r times4 ,s t to take f ! speak] ?is privilege ( repres5t+ su* pictures or images is s f> f consult+ ,nature1 t x is1 9 effect1 to ov]look or reject "o ( h] pla9e/ lessons4 ',tis true1 if "o "* is busi$ 9 runn+ aft] ! ,images :i* ,nature ?r[s 9 ! way only ( "s o!r2 or if1 9 repres5t+ su* images z are prop] to ! "*1 ! ,imag9ation is tak5 up 9 trac+ m9ute resemblances & amus+ itself ) circum/ances t h no relation to ! case 9 h&3 !n inde$ ! c5sure ( ^! critics is well appli$4 ,x may be f9e poetry1 if y w1 b v bad dramatic writ+4 ,b let ! imag]y be ev] s great or spl5did1 if x be su* only z ! gov]n+ passion loves to conceive & pa9t1 & if x be no fur!r dilat$ on1 & ) no great] sollicitude & curiosity1 ?an ! natural work+ ( ! passion dem&s1 ! ,drama is s f> f reject+ su* ,poetry t x glories 9 x1 z :at is mo/ ess5tial to its true end & design4 ,ille p] ext5tum funem mihi posse videtur ,ire poeta1 meum qui pectus inanit] angit1 ,inritat1 mulcet1 falsis t]roribus implet1 ,ut magus---- ,an (fice1 :i* ! dramatic poet ha? no means ( su/a9+ b by t /rong pa9t+ & =cible imag]y1 above describ$4 ,:at seems to h giv5 a col\r to ! opposite op9ion1 is ! faulty practice :i* good critics h obs]v$ 9 ! ,fr5* trag$ies1 & 9 "s ( our own t h be5 =m$ ^u _! model4 ,b ! case is mi/ak54 ,x is n ! ,poetry ( ! ,fr5* or ,engli% drama t des]ves _! c5sure1 b its prolix & languid ,declamation1 neglect+ passion = s5tim5t1 or express+ passion 9 a calm circuit ( words & )\t _s4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,addison's ,,cato1 :i* f be+ immod]ately extoll$ has _h ! usual fate ( be+ z immod]ately und]valu$1 is n to be c5sur$ = its abundance ( poetry1 b = its application ( x 9 a way t hurts ! passion4 ,g5]al s5tim5ts1 un*>act]i/ic imag]y1 & bo? drawn out 9 a spiritless1 or1 :i* comes to ! same ?+1 a too curi\s expression1 are ! prop] faults ( ?is drama4 ,:at ! critic ( j ta/e dem&s 9 ?is f9e trag$y1 is ev5 m poetry1 b bett] appli$ & t\*$ ) m _s4 ,/ill1 p]haps1 we are b on ! surface ( ?is matt]4 ,! true gr\nd ( ?is mi/ak5 ,criticism1 is1 ,! ,notion1 t :5 ! ,h]o is at ! crisis ( 8 fate1 he is n at lib]ty to use ,poetical1 t is1 highly figurative expression3 b t ! prop] season = ^! ?+s is :5 he has no?+ else to d4 ,:]eas ! tru? is j ! contr>y4 ,! figures1 :5 he is greatly agitat$1 come ( !mselves2 &1 suit+ ! gr&eur & dignity ( 8 situation1 are p]fectly natural4 ,to use !m 9 8 cool & quiet mom5ts1 :5 he has no great int]e/s to prosecute or extricate himself f1 is directly aga9/ ,nature4 ,=1 9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 he mu/ seek !m1 if he w h !m4 ,& :5 he has got !m & made 8 be/ use ( !m1 :at d !y produce8 ,n sublimity1 b ,bomba/4 ,= x is n ! figures1 b ! suitabl5ess to ! occasion1 t produces ei!r4 ,n t ,i am ignorant t !re are vices 9 ! =mation ( figures1 z well z 9 _! application4 ,b ^! vices g "u v>i\s o!r names4 ,! pure simple ,bomba/ 7if ,i may be indulg$ s bold a cata*resis7 arises f putt+ figurative expression to an improp] use4 ,to give an in/ance ( :at ,i mean4 ,,tacitus writes "u "o cont9u$ res5tm5t at ! deg5]acy ( 8 times1 & speak+ ( "s sumptu>y ,laws propos$ by ! ,s5ate1 9 #b ,ann4 c4 #cc1 he says !y decre$1 ,ne ,ve/is ,s]ica viros ,,fo$>et4 ,?is became ! dignity ( 8 hi/oric "* & g5ius4 ,b _h 8 ,contempor>y1 ,suetonius1 :o wrote ,*ronicles 9 ! _s ( our ,,/[ & ,,hol9%$1 us$ ! same language1 x w\ld h set 8 read]s a laugh+4 ,n b figurative expression1 ev5 :5 suitable to ! "*1 g5ius1 & g5]al subject ( a writ]1 may /ill be misplac$4 ,?us1 _h ,tacitus1 speak+ ( ! hon\rs decre$ to ,tib]ius on a c]ta9 occasion1 said ) 8 translator ,gordon--:i* ( ^! he meant to accept or :i* to reject1 ! approa*+ issue ( 8 days has ,,buri$ 9 oblivion--! figure1 ! read] sees1 w\ld h be5 mis]ably out ( place2 ! conceit ( ! burial ( 8 int5tions1 on ! m5tion ( 8 dea?1 be+ ev5 ridicul\s4 ,b ! ridicule1 we may be sure1 falls on ! translator only1 & n on 8 great orig9al1 :o expresses himself on ?is occasion1 n only ) propriety1 b ) ! greate/ simplicity--quos omis]it recep]itve ,,9 ,,inc]to fuit ob prop9quum vit f9em4 ,ann4 l4 vi4 c4 #de4 ,i h br\ght ^! in/ances to %ew t figurative expression is n improp] ev5 9 a f]v5t animat$ hi/orian1 on a fit subject1 & 9 due place3 mu* less %\ld ! tragic poet1 :5 8 *>act]s are to be %ewn 9 ! conflict ( ! /rong] passions1 be deb>r$ ! use ( x4 ,! %ort ( ! matt] is1 9 "o ^w1 ?is4 ,civil ,society fir/ ( all tames u to humanity1 z ,cic]o expresses x2 &1 9 ! c\rse ( its discipl9e1 br+s u d[n to "o dead level4 ,its effect is to make u all ! same pliant1 mimic1 obsequi\s ?+s2 n unlike1 9 a ^w1 7if our pride c\ld ov]look ! levity ( ! comp>ison7 :at we see ( tra9$ ,apes4 ,b :5 ! viol5t passions arise 7z 9 ! case ( ^! ,apes :5 ! apples 7 ?r[n be=e !m7 ?is artificial discipl9e is all %ak5 (f1 & we return aga9 to ! free & f]oci\s /ate ( ,nature4 ,& :at is ! expression ( t /ate8 ,x is 7z we und]/& by exp]i5ce7 a free & fi]y expression1 all made up ( bold metaphors & d>+ figures ( ,spee*4 ,! conclusion is1 t ,poetry1 pure ,poetry1 is ! prop] language ( ,passion1 :e!r we *use to consid] x z ennobl+1 or debas+ ! human "*4 ,!re is1 z ,i h said1 an obvi\s di/9ction to be made 7& to t ! poet's rule1 z expla9$ 9 ?is note1 ref]s7 betwe5 ! s(t & t5d]1 & ! m vigor\s passions4 ,:5 ! =m] prevail1 ! m9d is 9 a weak languid /ate2 & ?\gh all allusion & imag]y be n improp] "h1 yet z t fire & en]gy ( ! s\l is want+1 :i* gives a facility ( rang+ ov] our ideas & ( seiz+ su* z may be turn$ to any resemblance ( our own condition1 x w = t reason be less frequ5t 9 ?is /ate ( ! m9d ?an any o!r4 ,su* imag]y1 too1 w = ! same reason be less /rik+1 because ! same languid affections lead to1 & make u acquiesce 9 a simpl] & pla9] expression4 ,b univ]sally 9 ! /rong] passions ! poetical "* prevails1 & rises only 9 proportion to ! =ce & activity ( ^? passions4 ,to draw ! :ole !n ( :at has be5 said on ?is subject into a /&+ ,,rule = ! obs]vance ( ! dramatic ,poet4 8,,man is s =m$ t :e!r he be 9 joy1 or grief2 9 confid5ce or despair2 9 pleasure or pa92 9 prosp]ity or di/ress2 9 security or dang]2 or torn & di/ract$ by all ! v>i\s modifications ( ,love1 ,hate1 & ,fe>3 ,! ,imag9ation is incessantly pres5t+ to ! m9d an inf9ite v>iety ( images or pictures1 con=mable to 8 ,situation3 ,& ^! ,pictures receive _! v>i\s color+ f ! habits1 :i* 8 bir? & condition1 8 education1 pr(ession & pursuits h induc$4 ,! repres5tation ( ^! is ! ,,poetry1 & a j repres5tation1 9 a great measure1 ! ,,art1 ( dramatic writ+40 99 99 99 99 99 #ie4 ,,et ,,tragicus ,,pl]umque ,,dolet ,,s]mone ,,p$e/ri4 ,dr4 ,b5tley connects ?is ) ! foll[+ l9e3 ,et tragicus pl]umque dolet s]mone p$e/ri ,telephus aut ,peleus = ! sake1 z he says1 ( pres]v+ ! opposition4 ,9 comdi iratus ,*remes tumido1 9 tragdi ,telephus paup] humili s]mone utitur4 ,?is is speci\s2 b1 if ! read] att5ds1 he w p]ceive1 t ! opposition is bett] pres]v$ )\t 8 connection4 ,= x w /& ?us3 ,! poet fir/ ass]ts ( com$y at l>ge1 t x sometimes raises its voice1 ,int]dum tam5 et vocem comdia tollit4 ,next1 he confirms ?is g5]al rem>k1 by appeal+ to a p>ticul> in/ance1 ,iratusque ,*remes tumido dilitigat ore4 ,exactness ( opposition w require ! same me?od to be obs]v$ 9 speak+ ( trag$y2 :i* accord+ly is ! case1 if we foll[ ! vulg> read+4 ,=1 fir/1 x is said ( trag$y1 t1 :5 grief is to be express$1 x g5]ally condesc5ds to an humbl] /ra91 ,et tragicus pl]umque dolet s]mone p$e/ri4 ,& !n ! g5]al tru?1 z be=e1 is illu/rat$ by a p>ticul> in/ance1 ,telephus aut ,peleus1 cum paup] et exul ut]que1 ,projicit ampullas1 c4 ,!re is no absurdity1 z ! ,doctor pret5ds1 9 tak+ tragicus = tragdi>um scriptor4 ,= ! poet1 by a common figure1 is made to d t1 :i* he repres5ts 8 p]sons1 z do+4 ,b ?is is n ! :ole1 t w des]ve ! read]'s reg>d 9 ?is place4 ,a /rict att5tion to ! scope & turn ( ! passage f v4 #if to #aad w lead him to conclude1 #a4 8,t "s real trag$y ( ,telephus & ,peleus 0 int5d$ 9 v4 #if1 9 :i* ! *>act]s 7 duly pres]v$ & set =? 9 prop] language40 ,?is ! opposition to ! ,*remes ( ,t]5ce absolutely dem&s4 ,let u inquire :at ?is might be4 ,euripides1 we "k1 compos$ trag$ies "u ^! names2 b x is unlikely1 ! poet %\ld contra/ ! in/ance ( a ,greek trag$y to a ,lat9 com$y4 ,nor ne$ x be suppos$4 ,! subject 0 famili> to ! ,roman poets4 ,= we f9d a ,telephus ascrib$ to no less ?an ?ree ( !m1 ,ennius1 ,accius1 & ,nvius#ab4 ,"o ( ^! !n ,i d\bt n1 is "h int5d$4 ,b ! ,roman1 9 ^? times1 7 little m ?an translations ( ! ,greek plays4 ,h5ce x is mo/ likely1 t ! trag$y ( ,telephus 7& probably ( ,peleus1 ?\gh we h n s direct au?ority = ?is7 01 9 fact1 ! trag$y ( ,euripides1 translat$ into ,lat91 & accommodat$ to ! ,roman /age1 by "o ( ^! writ]s4 ,x rema9s only to enquire1 if ! ,telephus itself ( ,euripides answ]$ to ?is "*4 ,:i*1 ,i ?9k1 x manife/ly did1 f consid]+ :at 8 enemy1 ! buffoon ,ari/ophanes1 ha? said conc]n+ x4 ,e body kn[s1 t ! ,,batraxoi ( ?is poet conta9s a direct satyr1 & ,burlesque ^u ,euripides4 ,"s "p ( x is p>ticul>ly levell$ aga9/ 8 ,telephus3 :5ce we may c]ta9ly le>n ! objections1 t 7 made to x4 ,yet ! am\nt ( !m is only ?is1 8,t he _h drawn ! "* ( ,telephus 9 too _m circum/ances ( di/ress & humiliation40 ,8 fault 01 t he _h repres5t$ him m l a begg>1 ?an an un=tunate pr9ce4 ,:i*1 9 m c&id h&s1 w\ld1 ,i suppose1 am\nt only to ?is1 8,t ! poet _h pa9t$ 8 di/ress 9 ! mo/ natural1 & affect+ mann]40 ,he _h /ripp$ him ( 8 royalty1 &1 toge!r ) x ( ! pomp & o/5tation ( ! regal language1 ! v beauty1 :i* ,horace applauds & admires 9 8 ,telephus4 #b4 ,next1 ,i ?9k x z cle> f :at foll[s1 8,t "s real trag$y ( ,telephus1 & ,peleus1 0 also glanc$ at1 ( a diff]5t /amp f ! o!r1 & 9 :i* ! *>act]s 7 n support$ by su* propriety ( language40 ,let ! read] judge4 ,hav+ quot$ a ,telephus & ,peleus1 z examples to ! rule conc]n+ ! /yle ( trag$y1 & aft]w>ds enl>g$ f v4 #ih to #ajc on ! reasons ( _! excell5ce1 he returns1 ) an air ( insult1 to ! same names1 apo/rophiz+ !m 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,telephe1 vel ,peleu1 male si m&ata loquris1 ,aut dormitabo aut ridebo3 ,b :y ?is address to *>act]s1 :i* he _h be=e alleg$1 z examples ( true dramatical draw+8 ,w\ld any tol]able writ]1 aft] hav+ applaud$ ,%akespe>'s ,k+ ,le>1 z an in/ance ( ! k+ly "* 9 di/ress1 naturally pa9t$1 apo/rophize x1 ) su* po9t$ vehem5ce1 on ! contr>y supposition8 ,b let ?is pass4 ,! ,poet1 z ?\gh a notori\s violation ( ! critic's rules 0 to be ?or\ghly expos$1 goes on1 9 ! sev5 foll[+ l9es1 to se>* into ! bottom ( ?is affair1 lay+ op5 ! s\rce & gr\nd ( 8 judgm5t2 & concludes ^u ! :ole1 ,si dic5tis erunt =tunis absona dicta1 ,,romani ,,toll5t ,,equitesque ,,patresque ,,ca*9num4 ,c any ?+ be pla9]1 ?an t ?is la/ l9e po9ts at "s well-kn[n in/ance ( a ,lat9 play1 :i* _h provok$1 ^u ?is acc\nt1 ! contempt & laught] ( ! be/ judges8 ,x may fur!r be obs]v$1 t ?is way ( und]/&+ ! passage be=e u1 z x is m con=mable to :at is "h %ewn to be ! g5]al scope ( ! epi/le1 s do? x1 9 its turn1 likewise c\nt5ance1 or r cle>ly %ew1 ! tru? & c]ta9ty ( ?is me?od ( int]pretation4 99 99 99 99 99 #ii4 ,,non ,,satis ,,e/ ,,pul*ra1 etc4 ,dr4 ,b5tley objects to pul*ra1 because ?is1 he says1 is a g5]al t]m1 includ+ "u x e species ( beauty1 & !re=e t ( dulcis or ! affect+4 ,b ! great critic did n suffici5tly att5d to ! connexion1 :i*1 z ,f4 ,robortellus1 9 8 p>aphrase on ! epi/le1 well obs]ves1 /&s ?us3 8,x is n en\gh1 t trag$ies h t k9d ( beauty1 :i* arises f a pomp & spl5dor ( diction1 !y mu/ also be pa!tic or affect+40 ,objiciat se mihi hoc loco aliquis et dicat1 si id fiat i4 e4 si projiciantur ampull corrumpi omnem v5u/atem et gravitatem pomatis tragici1 quod nihil nisi gr&e et elatum recipit4 ,huic ego ita respond5dum puto1 non satis esse1 ut pomata v5u/a s9t et dignitatem suam s]v5t3 nam dulc$9e quoque et suavitate qudam sunt consp]g5da1 ut poss9t auditoris animum inflect]e 9 quamcunque volu]9t p>tem4 ,b a v +5i\s p]son1 :o kn[s h[ to unite philosophy ) criticism2 & to all t is elegant 9 ta/e1 to add :at is mo/ j & accurate 9 sci5ce1 ha?1 9 ! foll[+ note1 %ewn ! v f\ndation ( ,dr4 ,b5tley's criticism to be errone\s4 8,!re are a multitude ( words 9 e language1 :i* are sometimes us$ 9 a wid]1 sometimes 9 a m re/ra9$ s5se4 ,( ?is k9d are ( ! ,greeks1 ! pul*rum ( ! ,romans1 & ! words by :i* !y are translat$ 9 mod]n languages4 ,to :atev] subjects ^! epi!ts are appli$1 we always int5d to signify t !y give u pleasure3 & we seldom apply !m to any subjects1 b ^? :i* please by means ( impressions made on ! fancy3 includ+ "u ?is "n ! reception ( images convey$ directly by ! sight itself4 ,z ,poetry !re=e always addresses itself to ! imag9ation1 e species ( poetical excell5ce obta9s ! "n ( ,beauty3 &1 among ! re/1 ! p[] ( pleas+ u by affect+ ! passions2 an effect :i* intirely dep5ds on ! v>i\s images pres5t$ to our view4 ,9 ?is s5se ( ! ^w beautiful1 x _c be oppos$ to pa!tic4 ,pul*rum enim quascunque c>m9is virtutes1 etiam ipsam dulc$9em1 9 se cont9]e m]it videatur4 ,b no?+1 ,i ?9k1 c be pla9]1 ?an t ?is epi!t is (t5 us$ m det]m9ately4 ,visible =ms are n m]ely occasions ( pleasure1 9 common ) o!r objects1 b !y produce a pleasure ( a s+ul> k9d4 ,& ! p[] !y h ( produc+ x1 is prop]ly d5om9at$ by ! "n ( ,beauty4 ,:e!r ,regul>ity & ,v>iety h be5 rightly assign$1 z ! circum/ances on :i* x dep5ds1 is a "q1 :i* 9 ?is place we ne$ n consid]4 ,x _c at lea/ be d5i$1 t we make a di/9ction among ! objects ( sight1 :5 ! ?+s !mselves are remov$ f our view3 & t we annex ! names ( ,beauty & ,de=mity to diff]5t objects & diff]5t pictures1 9 consequ5ce ( ^! p]ceptions4 ,i ask !n1 :at is meant1 :5 ! words are ?us appli$8 ,is x only t we are pleas$ or displeas$8 ,?is surely _c be said4 ,= ! epi!ts w\ld !n be appli$ ) equal propriety to ! objects ( diff]5t s5ses3 & ! fragrance ( a fl[]1 = in/ance1 w\ld be a species ( beauty2 ! bitt]ness ( wormwood a species ( de=mity4--,d we !n mean1 t we receive pleasure & pa9 by means ( ! ,imag9ation8 ,we may inde$ mean ?is3 b we c]ta9ly mean m ?an ?is4 ,= ! same names are us$ & appli$1 9 a mann] p]fectly simil>1 by numb]s ( p]sons :o nev] once ?\ght ( ?is artificial me?od ( di/+ui%+ _! ideas4 ,!re is !n "s k9d ( p]ception1 common to !m & u1 :i* has occasion$ ?is uni=mity 9 our ways ( speak+3 & :e!r y w *use to consid] ! p]ceptive faculty z result+ only f habit1 or all[ x ! "n ( a ,s5se ( ,beauty2 :e!r ^! p]ceptions c1 or _c1 be resolv$ into "s g5]al pr9ciple1 imag9ation ( private advantage1 or sympa?y ) o!rs1 are1 9 ! pres5t case1 circum/ances :olly indiff]5t4 ,if x be admitt$ t ! epi!ts1 ( :i* we are speak+1 7 orig9ally us$ 9 ?is re/ra9$ s5se1 x is easy to see t !y w\ld readily obta9 ! m ext5d$ signification4 ,= ! species ( pleasure to :i* !y 7 fir/ conf9$1 0 f\nd always to arise f images impress$ on ! fancy3 :at !n m natural1 ?an to apply ! same words to e species ( pleasure result+ f ! imag9ation1 & to e species ( images productive ( pleasure8 ,?us ! beauty ( a human p]son might orig9ally signify su* comb9ations ( figure & col\r1 z produc$ ! peculi> p]ception above-m5tion$4 ,pul*ritudo corporis 7says ,cic]o7 apt compositione membrorum movet oculos1 et eo ipso delectat1 c4--,b f ?is signification to ! o!r ! transition 0 easy & obvi\s4 ,if e beautiful =m gave pleasure1 e pleas+ =m might come to be call$ beautiful3 n because ! same p]ceptions are excit$ by all 7! pleasures be+ app>5tly diff]5t7 b because !y are all excit$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,& ?is is confirm$ by a di/9ction :i* e "o und]/&s betwe5 beauties ( ! regul> & irregul> k9d4 ,:5 we w\ld di/+ui% ^! f ea* o!r1 we call ! latt] agreeable1 & leave to ! =m] only ! "n ( beautiful3 t is1 we conf9e ! latt] t]m to its prop] & orig9al s5se4--,9 mu* ! same mann] objects n visible may sometimes obta9 ! "n ( beauty1 = no o!r reason ?an because ! imag9ation is agreeably employ$ ab\t !m2 & we may speak ( a beautiful "*1 z well z a beautiful p]son3 by no means int5d+ t we h ! same feel+ f ! "o z ! o!r1 b t 9 bo? cases we are pleas$1 & t 9 bo? ! imag9ation contributes to ! pleasure4 ,n[ z e repres5tative art is capable ( af=d+ u pleasure1 & ?is pleasure is occasion$ by images impress$ on ! fancy2 e pleas+ production ( art1 w ( c\rse obta9 ! "n ( beautiful4 ,yet ?is h9d]s u n f consid]+ beauty z a di/9ct excell5ce 9 su* productions4 ,= we may di/+ui%1 ei!r 9 a picture or poem1 betwe5 ! pleasures we receive directly f ! imitation ( visible =ms1 & ^? :i* pr9cipally dep5d on o!r k9ds ( imitation3 ,& we may consid] visible =ms !mselves ei!r z occasions ( pleasure1 9 common ) o!r objects2 or z yield+ u t peculi> delight :i* !y alone are capable ( yield+4 ,if we use ! ^w beautiful 9 ?is limit$ s5se1 x is v intelligibly oppos$ to pa!tic4 ,images ( ,groves1 ,fields1 ,rocks & ,wat]1 af=d u a pleasure extremely diff]5t f t :i* we f9d 9 ! indulg5ce ( our t5d] affections3 nor c !re be any dang] ( conf\nd+ ! agreeable p]ception receiv$ f a ma/]ly /atue ( an ,apollo or a ,v5us1 ) t :i* arises f a repres5tation ( ! t]rors m5 feel "u a /orm or a plague4 ,x is no objection to :at has be5 said1 t ! objects we call beautiful may also 9 "s cases be occasions ( passion4 ,! sight1 = in/ance1 ( a beautiful p]son may give bir? to ! passion ( ,love3 yet to p]ceive ! beauty & to feel ! passion are two diff]5t ?+s4 ,= e beautiful object does n produce love 9 e obs]v]1 & ! same passion is sometimes excit$ by objects n beautiful2 ,i mean n call$ beautiful by ! p]sons !mselves :o are affect$ by !m4 ,& ! di/9ction betwe5 ^! feel+s1 w\ld receive fur!r confirmation 7if inde$ !re c\ld be any d\bt ( x7 f obs]v+ t p frequ5tly speak ( beauty1 & z f> z appe>s intelligibly1 9 p]sons ( _! own sex2 :o feel p]haps no passion b t ( envy3 :i* w n surely be ?\ght ! same ) ! p]ception ( beauty4 ,!re is !n no room = an objection to ! text ( ,horace1 z x /ood be=e ,dr4 ,b4's em5dation3 unless x %\ld be ?\ght an impropriety to oppose two epi!ts :i* are capable ( be+ und]/ood 9 s5ses n opposite4 ,b !re is n ! lea/ gr\nd = ?is imag9ation4 ,= :5 a ^w ( unc]ta9 signification is oppos$ to ano!r ^: signification is c]ta92 ! opposition itself det]m9es ! s5se4 ,! ^w day 9 "o ( its s5ses includes ! :ole space ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs3 yet x is n surely an impropriety to oppose day to night4--,9 l mann] ! words pul*ra pomata1 if we 7 n direct$ by ! context1 might signify good poems 9 g5]al3 b :5 ! beauty ( a poem is di/+ui%$ f o!r excell5ces1 ?is di/9ction w lead u to conf9e our idea to beautiful imag]y2 &1 we "k x is agreeable to ! s5tim5ts :i* ,horace expresses 9 o!r places1 to decl>e t ?is k9d ( m]it is insuffici5t 9 dramatic writ]s1 f :om we expect a pleasure ( v diff]5t k9d4 ,inde$ ! mo/ exquisite pa9t+1 if x is n con/antly subord9ate to ?is high] end1 becomes n only insuffici5t1 b imp]t95t3 s]v+ only to div]t ! att5tion1 & int]rupt ! c\rse ( ! passions4 ,x may seem p]haps t ! =ce ( a ,lat9 expression _c be asc]ta9$ f reflections ( ?is sort1 b mu/ be ga!r$ f citations ( p>ticul> passages4 ,& ?is inde$ is true ) reg>d to ! peculi>ities ( ! language4 ,b ! "q be=e u is ( a diff]5t k9d4 ,x is a "q ( ,philosophy r ?an ,criticism3 z dep5d+ on ^? diff]5ces ( ideas1 :i* are m>k$ by simil> =ms ( expression 9 all languages40 99 99 99 99 99 #ajb4 ,,si ,,vis ,,me ,,fl]e1 ,,dol5dum ,,e/ ,,primum ,,ipsi ,,tibi3 ,trag$y1 z#ac "o said1 :o _h a he>t to feel its t5d]e/ emotions1 %ew$ =? ! ulc]s t are cov]$ ) tissue4 ,9 ord] to awak5 & call =? 9 ! spectator all ^? sympa?ies1 :i* naturally await on ! lively exhibition ( su* a sc5e1 ! writ] mu/ h a s\l tun$ to ! mo/ exquisite s5sibility1 & susceptible ( ! same vibrations f 8 own creat$ images1 :i* are kn[n to %ake ! suff]] 9 real life4 ,?is is s uncommon a pit* ( humanity1 t 'tis no wond]1 s few h succe$$ 9 ?is try+ "p ( ! drama4 ,euripides1 ( all ! anci5ts1 _h mo/ ( ?is sympa!tic t5d]ness 9 8 nature1 & accord+ly we f9d him )\t a rival 9 ?is praise4 1 says ,ari/otle ( him 4 4 4 & to ! same purpose ano!r great critic1 ,9 affectibus cum omnibus mirus1 tum 9 iis1 qui ,,mis]atione con/ant1 facile prcipuus4 ,qu9ct4 l4 x4 c4 i4 ,!y1 :o apply !mselves to express ! pitiable 9 trag$y1 w\ld d well to exam9e _! own he>ts by ?is rule1 be=e !y presume to practise ^u ^? ( o!rs4 ,see1 fur!r1 ?is rem>k appli$ by ,cic]o to ! subject ( oratory1 & in=c$ ) 8 usual elegance & good s5se4 l4 ii4 c4 xlv4 ,de oratore4 99 99 99 99 99 #ajc4 ,,tunc ,,tua ,,me ,,in=tunia ,,la$5t4 ,?is is express$ ) accuracy4 ,yet ! tru? is1 ,! m we are hurt ) repres5tations ( ?is sort1 ! m we are pleas$ ) !m4 ,:5ce arises ?is /range ,pleasure8 ,! "q ha? be5 frequ5tly ask$1 & v>i\s answ]s h be5 giv5 to x4 ,b ( all ! solutions ( ?is fam\s difficulty1 t :i* we h j n[ receiv$ f ,mr4 ,hume1 is by f> ! mo/ curi\s4 ,8 acc\nt 9 %ort is1 8,t ! =ce ( imag9ation1 ! en]gy ( expression1 ! p[] ( numb]s1 ! *>ms ( imitation1 are all naturally ( !mselves delightful to ! m9d2 t ^! s5tim5ts ( beauty1 be+ ! pr$om9ant emotions1 seize ! :ole m9d1 & conv]t ! uneasy melan*oly passions into !mselves4 ,9 a ^w1 t ! s5tim5ts ( beauty1 excit$ by a good trag$y1 are ! sup]ior prevail+ movem5ts1 & trans=m ! subord9ate impressions aris+ f grief1 compassion1 indignation1 & t]ror1 into "o uni=m & /rong enjoym5t40 ,see f\r ,diss]tations by ,d4 ,hume1 ,esq4 p4 #ahe1 c4 ,i h b two objections to ?is +5i\s !ory4 ,,"o is1 t x supposes ! impression ( grief or t]ror1 excit$ by a well-writt5 trag$y1 to be weak] ?an t :i* arises f our obs]vation ( ! faculties ( ! writ]1 ! p[] ( numb]s1 & imitation4 ,:i* to me is mu* ! same ?+ z say+1 ,t ! sight ( a precipice hang+ ov] our heads makes a fa9t] impression on ! eye1 ?an ! %rubs & wild fl[]s ) :i* x happ5s to be cov]$4 ,! fact is s f> o!rwise1 t1 if ! trag$y be well-writt51 ,i w v5ture to say1 ! faculties ( ! writ]1 ! *>ms ( poetry1 or ev5 ! ?\ght ( imitation1 nev] come into ! spectator's head4 ,b he may feel ! effect ( !m1 x w be said1 = all t4 ,true3 ,b unluckily ! :ole effect ( ^! ?+s is 7& t 0 my ,,o!r objection7 to deep5 ! impressions ( grief & t]ror4 ,!y are out ( place1 & altoge!r imp]t95t1 if !y contribute to any o!r end4 ,s t to say1 ,! impression ( grief & t]ror f a tragic /ory1 /rong z x is 9 itself1 & made /ill /rong] by ! art ( ! poet1 is a weak] impression1 ?an ! m]e pleasure aris+ f t art1 is me?9ks to acc\nt = "o my/]y by ano!r t5 times great]1 & to make ! poet a v]i] magician ?an ,horace ev] int5d$ to repres5t him4 ,?is +5i\s solution !n1 be+ s evid5tly f\nd$ on ! supposition ( a false fact1 des]ves no fur!r notice4 ,z to ! difficulty itself1 ! foll[+ h9ts may1 p]haps1 enable ! read]1 9 "s measure1 to acc\nt = x4 #a4 ,x is n to be d\bt$ b t we love to h our att5tion rais$1 & our curiosity gratifi$4 ,s f> ! ,,abb ,,du ,,bos' sy/em may be admitt$4 #b4 ,! repres5tation1 h[ev] di/ressful1 is /ill se5 to be a repres5tation4 ,we f9d our he>ts affect$1 & ev5 pa9$1 by a good trag$y4 ,b we in/antly recollect t ! sc5e is fictiti\s2 & ! recollection n only abates our uneas9ess1 b diffuses a secret joy ^u ! m9d 9 ! discov]y we make t ! occasion ( our uneas9ess is n real4 ,j z our awak+ f a frightful dream1 & sometimes a secret consci\sness ( ! illusion dur+ ! dream itself1 is att5d$ ) pleasure4 ,t s mu* ( ,m4 ,,de ,,font5elle',s notion mu/ be admitt$1 is cle>1 because *ildr51 :o take ! suff]+s on ! /age = realities1 are s afflict$ by !m t !y don't c>e to repeat ! exp]im5t4 ,b /ill1 all ?is is by no means a full acc\nt ( ! matt]4 ,=1 #c4 ,x %\ld be consid]$1 t ,,all ! uneasy ,passions1 9 ! v "t t we are di/ress$ by !m1 nay1 ?\gh ! occasions be in/ant & real1 h a secret complac5cy mix$ ) !m4 ,x seems z if ,provid5ce1 9 compassion to human feel+1 _h1 toge!r ) our sorr[s1 infus$ a k9d ( balm into ! m9d1 to temp] & qualify1 z x 71 ^! bitt] +r$i5ts4 ,b1 #d4 ,besides ?is g5]al provision1 ! nature ( ! peculi> passions1 excit$ by trag$y1 is su* z1 9 a m em95t degree1 mu/ produce pleasure4 ,= :at are ^!1 b indignation at prosp]\s vice1 or ! commis]ation ( suff]+ virtue8 ,& ! agitation ( ^! passions is ev51 9 real life1 accompani$ ) a c]ta9 delight1 :i* 01 no d\bt1 int5d$ to quick5 u 9 ! ex]cise ( ^? social (fices4 ,/ill fur!r4 #e4 ,to ! pleasure directly spr++ f ^! passions we may add ano!r :i* naturally1 b imp]ceptibly almo/ /eals 9 ^u u f reflexion4 ,we are consci\s to our own humanity on ^! t5d] occasions4 ,we und]/& & feel t x is "r = u to be affect$ by ! di/resses ( o!rs4 ,our pa9 is s(t5$ by a secret exultation 9 ! rectitude ( ^! sympa?ies4 ',tis true1 ?is reflex act ( ! m9d is prev5t$1 or susp5d$ at lea/ = a "t1 :5 ! suff]+s are real1 & conc]n ^? = :om we are mo/ int]e/$4 ,b ! fictions ( ! /age d n press ^u u s closely4 ,putt+ all ^! ?+s toge!r1 ! conclusion is1 ,t ?\gh ! impressions ( ! !atre are1 9 _! imm$iate effect1 pa9ful to u1 yet !y mu/1 on ! :ole1 af=d an extreme pleasure1 & t 9 proportion to ! degree ( ! fir/ pa9ful impression4 ,= n only our att5tion is r\z$1 b our moral in/9cts are gratifi$2 we reflect ) joy t !y are s1 & we reflect too t ! sorr[s :i* call !m =? & give ?is ex]cise to our humanity1 are b fictiti\s4 ,we are occupi$1 9 a ^w1 by a great ev5t2 we are melt$ into te>s by a di/ressful "o2 ! he>t is reliev$ by ?is bur/ ( sorr[2 is *e>$ & animat$ by ! f9e/ moral feel+s2 exults 9 ! consci\sness ( its own s5sibility2 & f9ds1 9 conclusion1 t ! :ole is b an illusion4 ,! sum is1 t we are n s prop]ly delight$ by ! ,passions1 z ?r\gh !m4 ,!y give occasion to ! mo/ pleas+ movem5ts & gratulations4 ,! art ( ! poet inde$ consi/s 9 giv+ pa94 ,b nature & reflexion fly to our relief2 & ?\gh !y d n conv]t our pa9 into joy 7= t me?9ks w\ld be little less ?an a new k9d ( ,transub/antiation7 !y h an equival5t effect 9 produc+ an exquisite joy out ( our prec$+ sorr[s4 99 99 99 99 99 #aai4 ,,aut ,,famam ,,sequ]e1 c4 ,! connexion lies ?us3 ,language mu/ agree ) "*2 "* ) fame1 or at lea/ ) itself4 99 99 99 99 99 #abc4 ,,sit ,,m$ea ,,f]ox ,,invictaque4 ,horace took ?is in/ance f ,euripides1 :]e ! unconqu]$ fi]c5ess ( ?is "* is pres]v$ 9 t due m$iocrity1 :i* nature & j writ+ dem&4 ,! poet1 9 giv+ h] "*1 is cont5t to say ( h]1 ' ' ,& 4 1 4 ,& %e h]self1 :5 op5+ to ! *orus h] la/ horrid purpose1 says1 fi]cely inde$1 b n frantically3 ' 4 ,& ?is is nature1 :i* ,s5eca n p]ceiv+1 & yet will+ to write up to ! critic's rule1 ha? outrag$ h] "* beyond all b\nds1 &1 in/ead ( a resolute1 rev5geful woman1 ha? made ( h] a d[nright fury4 ,h5ce h] passion is wr\ght up to a great] height 9 ! v fir/ sc5e ( ! ,lat9 play1 ?an x ev] rea*es 9 ! ,greek poet4 ,! t5or ( h] language ?r\gh\t is1 invadam deos1 ,et cuncta quatiam4 ,& h5ce1 9 p>ticul>1 ! ?ird & f\r? acts expose to our view all ! horrors ( sorc]y 7& ^? too imag$ to an extravagance7 :i* ,euripides1 ) s mu* bett] judgm5t1 ?\ght fit entirely to conceal4 99 99 99 99 99 #abf4 ,,s]vetur ,,ad ,,imum ,,qualis ,,ab ,,incepto ,,process]it1 ,,et ,,sibi ,,con/et4 ,! rule is1 z appe>s f ! reason ( ! ?+1 & f ,ari/otle1 8,let an uni=mity ( "* be pres]v$1 or at lea/ a consi/5cy30 i4 e4 ei!r let ! mann]s be exactly ! same f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! play1 z ^? ( ,m$ea1 = in/ance1 & ,ore/es2 or1 if any *ange be necess>y1 let x be su* z may consi/ )1 & be easily reconcil$ to1 ! mann]s =m]ly attribut$2 z is se5 9 ! case ( ,electra & ,iphig5ia4 ,we %\ld read !n1 x is pla91 s]vetur ad imum ,qualis ab incepto process]it1 ,,aut sibi con/et4 ,! mi/ake arose f imag9+1 t a "* c\ld no o!r way consi/ ) itself1 b by be+ uni=m4 ,a mi/ake h[ev]1 :i*1 z ,i said1 n ! reason ( ! ?+ only1 b ,ari/otle's rule might h set "r4 ,x is express$ ?us3 4 1 1 4 4 4 4 :i* la/ words1 hav+ be5 n at all und]/ood1 h kept 8 int]pret]s f see+ ! true s5se & scope ( ! precept4 ,= !y h be5 expla9$ ( su* *>act]s1 z t ( ,tigellius 9 ,horace2 :i*1 h[ev] prop] = satyr1 or = f>cical com$y1 are ( too fanta/ic & :imsical a nature to be admitt$ into trag$y2 ( :i* ,ari/otle mu/ !re be *iefly und]/ood to speak1 & to :i* ,horace1 9 ?is place1 alone conf9es himself4 8',tis true1 inde$1 x may be said1 t ?\gh a :imsical or fanta/ic "* be improp] = trag$y1 an irresolute "o is n4 ,no?+ is f9] ?an a /ruggle betwe5 diff]5t passions2 & x is p]fectly natural1 t 9 su* a circum/ance1 ea* %\ld prevail by turns40 ,b !n !re is ! wide/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! two cases4 ,tigellius1 ) all 8 fanta/ic irresolution1 is z uni=m a "* z t ( ,mitio4 ,if ! expression may be all[$1 its v inconsi/5cy is ( ! ess5ce ( its uni=mity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,electra1 torn ) sundry conflict+ passions1 is mo/ app>5tly1 & 9 ! prop]e/ notion ( ! ^w1 ununi=m4 ,"o ( ! /ronge/ t\*es 9 h] "* is t ( a high1 h]oic _s1 s5sible to h] own1 & h] family's injuries1 & det]m9$1 at any rate1 to rev5ge !m4 ,yet no soon] is ?is rev5ge p]petrat$1 ?an %e s(t5s1 rel5ts1 & pities4 ,"h is a manife/ ununi=mity1 :i* c1 9 no prop] s5se ( ! expression lay claim to ! critic's 1 b may be s manag$1 by ! poet's skill1 z to become consi/5t ) ! basis or f\ndation ( h] "*1 t is1 to be 4 ,& t ?is1 9 fact1 0 ! mean+ ( ! critic1 is pla9 f ! simil> example to 8 own rule1 giv5 9 ! case ( ,iphig5ia3 :i* he specifies 7h[ ju/ly w be consid]$ h]eaft]7 z an in/ance ( ! 1 irregul>1 or ununi=m1 "*1 ill-express$1 or made inconsi/5t4 ,s t ! g5u9e s5se ( ! precept is1 8,let ! mann]s be uni=m2 or1 if ununi=m1 yet consi/5tly s1 or uni=mly ununi=m30 exactly copi$1 accord+ to ! read+1 "h giv5 by ,horace4 ,:]eas 9 ! o!r way1 x /&s ?us3 8,let y\r *>act]s be uni=m1 or un*ang$2 or1 if y pa9t an ununi=m "* 7su* z ,tigellius7 let x be ununi=m all ! way2 i4 e4 su* an irregul> "* to ! end ( ! play1 z x 0 at ! beg9n+2 :i* is1 9 effect1 to say1 let x be uni=m30 :i* app>5tly de/roys ! latt] "p ( ! precept1 & makes x an unmean+ tautology ) ! =m]4 99 99 99 99 99 #abg4 ,,aut ,,sibi ,,con/et4 ,! ,,electra & ,,iphig5ia ( ,euripides h be5 quot$1 9 ! prec$+ note1 z in/ances ( ununi=m *>act]s1 ju/ly su/a9$1 or :at ,ari/otle calls1 uni=mly ununi=m3 ,& ?is1 ?\gh ! g5]al op9ion condemns ! "o1 & ! great critic himself1 ! o!r2 ! read] w expect "s acc\nt to be giv5 ( ?is s+ul>ity4 #a4 ,! objection to ,electra1 is1 t h] "* is drawn ) su* height5+s ( implacability & res5tm5t1 z make x utt]ly incr$ible1 %e %\ld1 imm$iately on ! murd] ( ,clytmne/ra1 fall into ! same excess ( grief & regret1 z ,ore/es4 ,9 confutation ( ?is c5sure ,i obs]ve1 #a4 ,t ! objection proce$s on a mi/ak5 presumption1 t ! di/ress ( ,electra is equally viol5t ) t ( ,ore/es4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is discrim9at$ f x by two pla9 m>ks4 #a4 ,ore/es's grief is express$ 9 /rong] & m emphatic t]ms--he accuses ! ,gods--he reproa*es 8 si/]--he dwells ^u e horrid circum/ance1 t c inhance ! guilt ( ! murd]4 ,electra1 9 ! mean "t1 confesses ! sc5e to be m\rnful--is appreh5sive ( bad consequ5ces--calmly submits to ! j reproa*es ( h] bro!r4 #b4 ,he lab\rs z mu* z possible1 to cle> himself f ! imputation ( ! act4 ,%e takes x :olly on h]self1 b1 reg>d+ x r z h] fate1 ?an h] fault1 com=ts h]self 9 reflect+ on ! ju/ice ( x4 ' 4 ,act v4 ,?is la/ circum/ance puts ! wide/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! two cases4 ,! "o %ews a p]fect di/raction ( m9d1 :i* _c ev5 be> ! consci\sness ( its crimes3 ! o!r1 a firm & /$dy _s1 s5sible inde$ to its mis]y1 b n oppress$ or a/oni%$ by x4 #b4 ,b ?is measure ( grief1 s delicately m>k$1 &1 ) su* tru? ( "*1 ascrib$ to ,electra1 ought n1 x is fur!r insi/$1 to h %ewn itself1 imm$iately1 on ! murd] ( ,clytmne/ra4 ,b :y n8 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! "* ( ,electra1 ! maxims ( ^? times1 or 9 ! disposition ( ! drama itself1 to r5d] ?is *ange improp] or incr$ible4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is mu* "u ea* ( ^! heads1 to lead "o to expect x4 #a4 ,electra's "* is inde$ t ( a fi]ce1 & det]m9$1 b )al ( a g5]\s & virtu\s woman4 ,h] motives to rev5ge 71 pr9cipally1 a /rong s5se ( ju/ice1 & sup]ior affection = a fa!r2 n a root$1 unnatural av]sion to a "m4 ,%e act$1 z appe>s1 n f ! p]turbation ( a tumultu\s rev5ge 79 t case inde$ ! objection _h be5 ( weight7 b f a fix$ abhorr5ce ( wrong1 & a virtu\s s5se ( duty4 ,& :at %\ld h9d] a p]son ( ?is "* f be+ in/antly t\*$ ) ! di/ress ( su* a spectacle8 #b4 ,! maxims ( ^? times also fav\r ?is conduct4 ,=1 #a4 ,! notions ( /rict remun]ative ju/ice 7 !n c>ri$ v high4 ,?is appe>s f ! ,lex talionis1 :i*1 we "k1 0 9 great cr$it 9 eld] ,greece2 f :5ce x 0 aft]w>ds transf]r$ into ! ,law ( ! ,,xii ,tables4 ,h5ce blood = blood ' 1--z ! mess5g]1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! dea? ( gy/hus1 expresses x1 ,act iv4 0 ! comm& & rule ( ju/ice4 ,?is ! ,*orus1 z well z ! p>ricides1 frequ5tly insi/ ^u1 z ! gr\nd & ju/ification ( ! murd]4 #b4 ,?is sev]e v5geance on enorm\s (f5d]s 0 believ$1 n only consonant to ! rules ( human1 b to be ! object1 & to make ! especial c>e ( ! div9e1 ju/ice4 ,& ?us ! anci5ts conceiv$ ( ?is v case4 ,juv5al1 speak+ ( ,ore/es1 ,quippe ille ,,deis ,,auctoribus ultor ,patris erat csi m$ia int] pocula4 ,sat4 viii4 ,& to ?is op9ion agrees t tradition1 or r fiction1 ( ! poets1 :o1 ?\gh !y repres5t ! judges ( ! ,areopagus z divid$ 9 _! s5tim5ts ( ?is matt]1 yet make no scruple ( br++ 9 ,m9]va h]self to pron\nce 8 absolution4 ,hoc etiam fictis fabulis doctissimi hom9es memori prodid]unt1 eum1 qui patris ulcisc5di caus matrem necavisset1 v>iatis hom9um s5t5tiis1 non solum div91 s$ etiam sapi5tissim ,de s5t5ti absolutum ,,cic4 pro ,,milon4 ,! v5]able c\ncil ( ,areopagus1 :5 judg+ by ! sev]e rules ( writt5 ju/ice1 x seems1 did n condemn ! crim9al2 & ! unwritt5 law ( equity1 :i* ! fable calls ! wisdom ( ,pallas1 =mally acquitt$ him4 ,! murd] !n 0 n aga9/ human1 & directly agreeable to ! det]m9ations ( div9e1 ju/ice4 ,( ?is too ! ,*orus takes c>e to in=m u3 4 ,act4 iv4 ,?is expla9s ! reason ( ,electra's "q to ,ore/es1 :o _h plead$ ! impiety ( murd]+ a "m1 1 2 ! =ce ( :i* lies 9 ?is1 t a fa!r's dea? rev5g$ ^u ! guilty "m1 0 equally pi\s z j4 #c4 ,?is v5geance 01 ( c\rse1 to be execut$ by ! ne>e/ relations ( ! deceas$4 ,?is ! law prescrib$ 9 judicial prosecutions4 ,:o !n s fit in/rum5ts ( fate1 :5 t ju/ice 0 preclud$ to !m8 ,?is is express$1 9 answ] to ! plea ( ,ore/es1 t he %\ld suff] ! v5geance ( ! ,gods = ! murd] ( 8 "m2 ,electra replies1 2 i4 e4 ,:o !n %all repay v5geance to our fa!r8 ,%e owns ! consequ5ce1 yet insi/s on ! duty ( incurr+ x4 ,!re 0 no o!r1 to :om ! "r ( v5geance prop]ly belong$4 #d4 ,fur!r ! pagan doctr9e ( fate 0 su*1 t1 9 ord] to dis*>ge duty 9 "o respect1 x 0 unavoidable to incur guilt1 9 ano!r4 ,?is 0 ! case "h1 ,phbus comm&$ & fate _h decre$3 yet ob$i5ce 0 a crime1 to be expiat$ by future puni%m5t4 ,?is may seem /range to u1 :o h o!r notions ( ^! matt]s1 b 0 p]fectly accord+ to ! pagan sy/em4 ,! result is1 t !y kn[+ly expos$ !mselves to v5geance1 9 ord] to fulfil _! fate4 ,all t rema9$ 0 to lam5t _! de/9y1 & rev]e ! awful & my/]i\s provid5ce ( _! ,gods4 ,& ?is is1 exactly1 :at ,ore/es pleads1 9 v9dication ( himself1 else:]e3 ' 1 '1 1 4 ,ore/4 ,act4 ii4 #e4 ,la/ly1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ he9\s a crime adult]y 0 e/eem$ 9 ! old _w2 :51 z well z murd]1 we f9d x puni%$ ) dea?4 ,! law ( ! ,,xii ,tables expressly says1 ,,advlt]ii ,,convictam ,,vir ,,et ,,cognati1 ,,vti ,,vel9t1 ,,necanto4 ,n[1 all ^! consid]ations put toge!r1 ,electra might assi/ at ! assass9ation ( h] "m1 consi/5tly ) ! /ronge/ feel+s ( piety & affection4 ,t ^! !n %\ld in/antly break =?1 s soon z ! debt to ju/ice1 to duty1 & to fate 0 paid1 is no?+ wond]ful4 ,& ?is1 by ! way1 v9dicates ! ,*orus f ! inconsi/5cy1 by "s *>g$ ^u x1 9 condemn+ ! act1 :5 done1 :i* be=e !y _h lab\r$ to ju/ify4 ,! common answ]1 8,t ! ,*orus foll[s ! "* ( ! p10 is insuffici5t4 ,= 7besides t ! ,*orus always su/a9s a moral "*7 :5ce t inconsi/5cy 9 ! p !mselves8 ,! reason 01 ! popul> cre$ ( ^? times4 ,x _h be5 an omission ( duty to h decl9$1 x 0 crim9al to execute1 ! murd]4 #c4 ,! disposition ( ! drama 7:e!r ! mo/ judici\s1 or n1 is n ! "q7 0 calculat$ to introduce ?is *ange ) ! greate/ probability4 ,electra's pr9cipal res5tm5t 0 to gy/hus4 ,f him *iefly proce$$ h] ill treatm5t1 & f him 0 appreh5d$ ! ma9 dang] ( ! ent]prize4 ,n[1 gy/hus be+ tak5 (f 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! prec$+ act1 !re 0 "t to indulge all ! movem5ts & gratulations ( rev5ge1 :i* ! objection supposes %\ld prec$e1 & = a :ile susp5d ! horrors ( remorse1 be=e !y come to ! murd] ( ,clytmne/ra4 ,?is is r5d]$ ! m likely by ! long p>ley1 t goes be=e x2 :i* r t5ds to s(t51 ?an exasp]ate1 h] res5tm5ts1 & seems artfully contriv$ to prep>e ! *ange1 t foll[s4 ,on ! :ole1 ,electra's conc]n1 z manag$ by ! poet1 is agreeable to ! t5or ( h] "*1 & ! circum/ances ( h] situation4 ,to h drawn h] o!rwise1 _h be5 p]haps 9 ! ta/e ( mod]n trag$y1 b _h c]ta9ly be5 beside ! l9e ( nature1 & practice ( ! anci5ts4 ,,ii4 ,! case ( ,iphig5ia1 ?\gh a great] au?ority /& 9 ! way1 is /ill easi]4 ,ari/otle's words are1 4 1 i4 e4 8,iphig5ia is an in/ance ( ! inconsi/5t "*3 = !re is no probable con=mity betwixt h] fe>s & supplications at fir/1 & h] firmness & resolution aft]w>ds40 ,b h[ do? ?is appe>1 indep5d5tly ( ! "n ( ?is great critic8 ,iphig5ia is drawn inde$1 at fir/1 fe>ful & suppliant3 & surely ) ! greate/ obs]vance ( nature4 ,! acc\nt ( h] de/9ation to ! alt> 0 sudd51 & )\t ! lea/ prep>ation2 &1 z ,lucretius well obs]ves1 9 comm5t+ h] case1 ,,nub5di ,,tempore ,,9 ,,ipso2 :5 h] ?\ghts 7 all employ$1 &1 accord+ to ! simplicity ( ^? times1 confess$ to be s1 on h] promis$ nuptials4 ,! cause ( su* de/9ation too1 z appe>$ at fir/1 0 ! private family int]e/ ( ,m5elaus4 ,all ?is ju/ifies1 or r dem&s1 ! /ronge/ expression ( female fe> & weakness4 8,b %e aft]w>ds recants & volunt>ily devotes h]self to ! alt>40 ,& ?is1 ) ! same /rict att5tion to probability4 ,%e _h n[ in=m$ h]self ( ! importance ( ! case4 ,h] devotem5t 0 ! dem& ( ,apollo1 & ! jo9t petition ( all ,greece4 ,! glory ( h] c\ntry1 ! dignity & int]e/ ( h] family1 ! life ( ! g5]\s ,a*illes1 & h] own future fame1 71 all1 ne>ly conc]n$ 9 x4 ,all ?is consid]$1 toge!r ) ! high1 h]oic s5tim5ts ( ^? times1 & ! sup]ior m]it1 z 0 believ$1 ( volunt>y devotem5t1 ,iphig5ia's "* mu/ h be5 v unfit = ! di/ress ( a :ole trag$y to turn ^u1 if %e _h n1 9 ! end1 discov]$ ! readie/ submission to h] appo9tm5t4 ,b1 to %ew ) :at wond]ful propriety ! poet knew to su/a9 8 *>act]s1 we f9d h]1 aft] all1 & not)/&+ ! h]oism ( ! *ange1 9 a /rong & passionate apo/rophe to h] native ,myc51 confess+ "s involunt>y appreh5sions & regrets1 ! rema9s ( t in/9ctive abhorr5ce ( dea?1 :i* _h be=e s /rongly possess$ h]4 -- ' 4 ,once ! bright /> ( ,greece-- ,b ,i submit to die4 ,?is1 ,i take to be n only a full v9dication ( ! consi/5cy ( ,iphig5ia's "*1 b z delicate a /roke ( nature1 z is1 p]haps1 to be f\nd 9 any writ]4 ,aft] ! writ+ ( ?is note1 ,i 0 pleas$ to f9d1 t s s5sible a critic1 z ,p4 ,brumoi1 _h be5 be=e me 9 ^! s5tim5ts conc]n+ ! "* ( ,iphig5ia4 ,! reasons he employs1 are ne>ly ! same4 ,only he confirms !m all by %ew+1 t ! ,iphig5ia ( ,rac9e1 :i* is modell$1 n accord+ to ! practice ( ,euripides1 b ! ,comm5t ( ,ari/otle1 is1 9 all respects1 s mu* ! worse = x4 ,9 ju/ice to ?is +5i\s writ]1 x %\ld be own$1 t he is almo/ ! only "o ( 8 nation1 :o ha? p]fectly se5 ?r\gh ! fopp]y1 or1 z "s affect to e/eem x1 ! ref9em5t ( ,fr5* mann]s4 ,?is ha? enabl$ him to give u1 9 8 ,?atre des ,grecs1 a ma/]ly & v useful view ( ! ,greek /age2 set =? 9 all its g5u9e simplicity1 & def5d$ on ! sure pr9ciples ( nature & common s5se4 99 99 99 99 99 #abh4 ,,difficile ,,e/ ,,proprie ,,communia ,,dic]e3 ,lamb9's ,comm5t is ,communia hoc loco appellat ,horatius argum5ta fabul>um nullo adhuc tractata3 et ita1 qu cuivis exposita sunt et 9 m$io quodammodo posita1 quasi vacua et nem9e occupata4 ,& t ?is is ! true mean+ ( communia is evid5tly fix$ by ! words ignota indictaque1 :i* are explanatory ( x3 s t ! s5se1 giv5 x 9 ! comm5t>y1 is unque/ionably ! "r "o4 ,yet1 not)/&+ ! cle>ness ( ! case1 a late critic ha? ?is /range passage3 ,difficile quidem esse proprie communia dic]e1 hoc e/1 mat]iam vulg>em1 notam1 et m$io petitam ita immut>e atque exorn>e1 ut nova et scriptori propria videatur1 ultro conc$imus2 et maximi proculdubio pond]is i/a e/ obs]vatio4 ,s$ omnibus utr9que collatis1 et tum difficilis1 tum v5u/i1 tam judicii quam +5ii ratione habita1 major videtur esse gloria fabulam =m>e p5itus novam1 quam vet]em1 utcunque mutatam1 de novo exhib]e4 ,poet4 ,prl4 v4 ii4 p4 #afd4 ,:]e hav+ fir/1 put a wrong con/ruction on ! ^w communia1 he imploys x to introduce an imp]t95t criticism4 ,= :]e does ! poet pref] ! glory ( refitt+ old subjects1 to t ( inv5t+ new ones8 ,! contr>y is impli$ 9 :at he urges ab\t ! sup]ior difficulty ( ! latt]2 f :i* he dissuades 8 c\ntrym51 only 9 respect ( _! abilities & inexp]i5ce 9 ^! matt]s2 & 9 ord] to cultivate 9 !m1 :i* is ! ma9 view ( ! ,epi/le1 a _s ( correctness1 by s5d+ !m to ! old subjects1 treat$ by ! ,greek writ]s4 99 99 99 99 99 #aca4 ,,publica ,,mat]ies ,,privati ,,juris ,,erit1 c4 ,publica mat]ies is j ! rev]se ( :at ! poet _h be=e /il$ communia2 ! latt] mean+ su* subjects or *>act]s1 z1 ?\gh by _! nature left 9 common to all1 _h yet1 9 fact1 n be5 occupi$ by any writ]--! =m] ^?1 :i* _h already be5 made public by occupation4 ,9 ord] to acquire a prop]ty 9 subjects ( ?is sort1 ! poet directs u to obs]ve ! ?ree foll[+ cautions3 #a4 ,n to foll[ ! trite1 obvi\s r\nd ( ! orig9al "w1 i4 e4 n s]vilely & scrupul\sly to adh]e to its plan or me?od4 #b4 ,n to be translators1 in/ead ( imitators1 i4 e4 if x %all be ?\ght fit to imitate m expressly any "p ( ! orig9al1 to d x ) fre$om & _s1 & )\t a slavi% atta*m5t to ! mode ( expression4 #c4 ,n to adopt any p>ticul> incid5t1 t may occur 9 ! propos$ model1 :i* ei!r dec5cy or ! nature ( ! "w w\ld reject4 ,m4 ,daci] illu/rates ^! rules1 :i* h be5 conceiv$ to conta9 no small difficulty1 f ! ,iliad2 to :i* ! poet himself ref]s1 & probably n )\t an eye to p>ticul> in/ances ( ! errors1 "h condemn$1 9 ! ,lat9 trag$ies4 ,= want ( ^!1 x may be ( use to fet* an illu/ration f "s examples 9 our own4 ,& we ne$ n look f> = !m4 ,almo/ e mod]n play af=ds an in/ance ( "o or o!r ( ^! faults4 ,! s+le "o ( ,catil9e by ,b4 ,jonson is1 itself1 a specim5 ( !m all4 ,?is trag$y1 :i* ha? o!rwise great m]it1 & on :i* its au?or appe>s to h plac$ no small value1 is1 9 fact1 ! ,catil9>ian w> ( ,sallu/1 put into poetical dialogue1 & s (f5ds aga9/ ! fir/ rule ( ! poet1 9 foll[+ too s]vilely ! pla9 beat5 r\nd ( ! ,*ronicle4 #b4 ,next1 ! spee*es ( ,cic]o & ,catil9e1 ( ,cato & ,cs> are1 all ( !m1 direct & lit]al translations ( ! hi/orian & orator1 9 violation ( ! second rule1 :i* =bids a too close atta*m5t to ! mode1 or =m ( expression4 #c4 ,!re are sev]al transgressions ( t rule1 :i* injo9s a /rict reg>d to ! nature & g5ius ( ! "w4 ,"o is obvi\s & /rik+4 ,9 ! hi/ory1 :i* _h1 = its subject1 ! :ole ,catil9>ian w>1 ! fates ( ! conspirators 7 di/9ctly to be record$1 & ! prec$+ debates1 conc]n+ ! mann] ( _! puni%m5t1 af=d$ an occasion1 too invit+ to be ov]look$ by an hi/orian1 & above all a republican hi/orian1 ( embelli%+ 8 n>ration by set h>angues4 ,h5ce ! long spee*es ( ,cs> & ,cato 9 ! s5ate h great propriety1 & are ju/ly e/eem$ among ! lead+ beauties ( t "w4 ,b ! case 0 totally diff]5t 9 ! drama2 :i*1 tak+ = its subject ! s+le fate ( ,catil9e1 _h no conc]n ) ! o!r conspirators1 ^: fates at mo/ %\ld only h be5 h9t$ at1 n debat$ ) all ! circum/ance & pomp ( rhetoric on ! /age4 ,no?+ c be m flat & disgu/+1 ?an ?is calm1 imp]t95t plead+2 especially 9 ! v heat & w9d+ up ( ! plot4 ,b ! poet 0 misl$ by ! beauty x appe>$ to h 9 ! orig9al composition1 )\t att5d+ to ! peculi> laws ( ! drama1 & ! indecorum x mu/ ne$s h 9 s v diff]5t a "w4 99 99 99 99 99 #acf4 ,,nec ,,sic ,,incipies1 ,,ut ,,scriptor ,,cyclicus ,,olim3 ,all ?is to v4 #aec is a cont9uation ( ! poet's advice1 giv5 above1 ,rectius ,iliacum c>m5 d$ucis 9 actus ,quam si pr(]res ignota indictaque primus4 ,=1 hav+ fir/ %ewn 9 :at respects a close obs]vance ( ! epic =m w\ld be vici\s 9 trag$y1 he n[ prescribes h[ f> x may be usefully admitt$4 ,& ?is is1 #a4 f #acf to #adf 9 ! simplicity & mode/y ( ! exordium2 &1 #b4 to v4 #aec 9 ! artificial me?od & contexture ( ! piece4 #a4 ,! reason ( ! =m] rule is f\nd$ on ! impropriety ( rais+ a great] expectation1 at sett+ out1 ?an c aft]w>ds be answ]$ by ! sequel ( ! poem4 ,b1 because ! epic writ]s !mselves1 f :om ?is conduct 0 to be drawn1 _h sometimes transgress$ ?is rule1 & z ! example ( su* an error w\ld be likely to infect1 &1 9 all probability1 actually did infect1 ! tragic poets ( t "t1 he takes occasion1 #a4 to criticize an absurd in/ance ( x2 &1 #b4 to oppose to x ! wis] practice ( ,hom]4 #b4 ,! l conduct he obs]ves "u ! second article4 ,=1 be+ to recomm5d to ! tragic writ] su* an artificial disposition ( 8 subject1 z ha/5s rapidly to ! ev5t1 & rejects1 z imp]t95t1 all p>ticul>s 9 ! r\nd ( ! /ory1 :i* w\ld unnecess>ily ob/ruct 8 c\rse to x--a plan ess5tially necess>y to ! legitimate epic--he fir/ glances at ! injudici\s violation ( ?is me?od 9 a c]ta9 poem on ! return ( ,diom$1 & !n illu/rates & lays op5 ! sup]ior art & beauty ( ! ,iliad4 ,& all ?is1 z appe>s1 = ! sole purpose ( expla9+ & en=c+ ! precept ab\t =m+ ! plots ( trag$ies f epic poems4 ,:5ce we see1 h[ prop]ly ! examples ( ! errors1 "h condemn$1 are tak51 n f ! drama1 z ! less att5tive read] might expect1 b solely f ! epos2 =1 ?is be+ made ! object ( imitation to ! dramatic poet1 z ! t5or ( ! place %ews1 x became necess>y to gu>d aga9/ ! influ5ce ( bad models4 ,:i* ,i obs]ve = ! sake ( ^?1 :o1 f n appreh5d+ ! connection ( ?is & su* l passages 9 ! epi/le1 ha/ily conclude x to be a confus$ m$ley ( precepts conc]n+ ! art ( poetry1 9 g5]al2 & n a regul> well-conduct$ piece1 uni=mly t5d+ to lay op5 ! /ate1 & to rem$y ! defects1 ( ! ,roman /age4 99 99 99 99 99 #adh4 ,,semp] ,,ad ,,ev5tum ,,fe/9at2 c4 ,! disposition1 "h recomm5d$ to ! poet1 might be %ewn univ]sally "r f ! cle>e/ pr9ciples4 ,b ! propriety & beauty ( x w1 p]haps1 be be/ appreh5d$ by su*1 z are unus$ to ! m ab/ract criticism1 f att5d+ to a p>ticul> in/ance4 ,let u conceive an objector !n to put ! foll[+ qu]y3 8,suppos+ ! au?or ( ! neis to h relat$1 9 ! natural ord]1 ! de/ruction ( ,troy1 w\ld n ! subject h be51 to all int5ts & purposes1 z mu* "o1 z x is "u its pres5t =m2 9 :i* t ev5t is told1 9 ! second book1 by way ( episode80 ,i answ] by no means4 ,! reason is tak5 f ! nature ( ! "w1 & f ! /ate & expectations ( ! read]4 #a4 ,! nature ( an epic or n>rative poem is ?is1 t x lays ! au?or "u an obligation ( %ew+ any ev5t1 :i* he =mally und]takes 9 8 own p]son1 at full l5g?1 & ) all its mat]ial circum/ances4 ,e figure mu/ be drawn 9 full proportion1 & exhibit$ 9 /rong1 gl[+ col\rs4 ,n[ _h ! subject ( ! second book ( ! neis be5 relat$1 9 ?is ext5t1 x mu/ n only h tak5 up "o1 b _m books4 ,by ?is fai?ful & animat$ draw+1 & ! "t x w\ld necess>ily h to play ^u ! imag9ation1 ! ev5t _h gr[n into su* importance1 t ! rema9d] c\ld only h pass$ = a k9d ( ,app5dix to x4 #b4 ,! same conclusion is drawn f consid]+ ! /ate ( ! read]4 ,=1 hurri$ away by an in/9ctive impati5ce1 he pursues ! propos$ ev5t ) eag]ness & rapidity4 ,s circum/antial a detail1 z 0 suppos$1 ( an int]m$iate action n necess>ily connect$ ) x1 breaks ! c\rse ( 8 expectations1 & ?r[s =w>d ! po9t ( view to an immod]ate di/ance4 ,9 ! mean "t ! action1 ?us int]pos$ & pres5t$ to 8 ?\ghts1 acquires by degrees1 & at l5g? +rosses 8 :ole att5tion4 ,x becomes ! important !me ( ! piece2 or1 at lea/1 :at foll[s sets out ) ! disadvantage ( appe>+ to him1 z a new & di/9ct subject4 ,b n[ be+ relat$ by way ( episode1 t is1 z a succ9ct1 summ>y n>ration1 n made by ! poet himself1 b com+ f ! m\? ( a p]son1 necess>ily +ag$ 9 ! progress ( ! action1 x s]ves = a %ort "t to int]rupt1 &1 by t int]ruption to %>p51 ! eag] expectation ( ! read]4 ,x holds ! att5tion1 = a :ile1 f ! ma9 po9t ( view2 yet n long en\gh to de/roy t impati5t curiosity1 :i* looks =w>d to x4 ,& ?us x contributes to ! same end1 z a piece ( m9iature1 prop]ly introduc$ into a l>ge picture4 ,x amuses ! eye ) some?+ relative to ! pa9t]'s design1 yet n s1 z to )-hold its pr9cipal obs]vation f fall+ on ! great] subject4 ,! p>allel w n hold v exactly1 because ! pa9t] is1 ( necessity1 conf9$ to ! same in/ant ( "t2 b x may s]ve = an illu/ration ( my mean+4 ,suppose ! pa9t] to take1 = 8 subject1 t "p ( neas's /ory1 :]e1 ) 8 p5ates1 8 fa!r1 & 8 son1 he is prep>+ to set sail = ,italy4 ,to draw ,troy 9 flames1 z a con/itu5t "p ( ?is picture1 w\ld be manife/ly absurd4 ,x w\ld be pa9t+ two subjects1 in/ead ( "o4 ,& p]haps ,troja inc5sa might seize ! att5tion be=e ,ascanium ,an*is5que patrem ,teucrosque p5ates4 ,b a di/ant p]spective ( burn+ ,troy might be ?r[n into a corn] ( ! piece1 t is1 episodically1 ) good advantage2 :]e1 in/ead ( di/ract+ ! att5tion1 & break+ ! unity ( ! subject1 x w\ld conc5t]1 z x 71 ) ! great design1 & h an effect 9 augm5t+ ! di/ress ( x4 99 99 99 99 99 #aec4 ,,tu1 ,,quid ,,ego ,,et ,,populus1 c4 ,! connexion is ?is4 8,b ?\gh ! /rict obs]vance ( ^! rules w enable ! poet to conduct 8 plot to ! be/ advantage1 yet ?is is n all :i* is requir$ to a p]fect trag$y4 ,if he w\ld seize ! att5tion1 & secure ! applause1 ( ! audi5ce1 some?+ fur!r mu/ be attempt$4 ,he mu/ 7to return to ! po9t1 f :i* ,i digress$1 v4 #abg7 be p>ticul>ly /udi\s to express ! mann]s4 ,besides ! peculi>ities ( (fice1 temp]1 condition1 c\ntry1 c4 be=e consid]$1 all :i* require to be drawn ) ! utmo/ fidelity1 a s+ul> att5tion mu/ be _h to ! *>act]i/ic diff]5ces ( age40 tatis cujusque not&i sunt tibi mores4 ,! reason ( ?is conduct is giv5 9 ! comm5t>y4 ,x fur!r s]ves to adorn ?is "p ( ! epi/le :i* is :olly preceptive f v4 #hi to #bjb ) ^? beautiful p\rtraitures ( human life1 9 its sev]al successive /ages1 :i* nature & ,ari/otle _h in/ruct$ him s well to pa9t4 99 99 99 99 99 #aeg4 ,,mobilibusque ,,decor ,,naturis ,,d&us ,,et ,,annis4 ,,mobilibus non levibus aut incon/antibus1 s$ qu v>iatis tatibus immutantur4 ,lamb94 ,,naturis ,by ?is ^w is n meant1 simply1 t in/9ctive natural biass1 implant$ 9 e man1 to ?is or t "*1 b1 9 g5]al1 nature1 z x appe>s div]sifi$ 9 ! diff]5t p]iods ( life4 ,! s5se w be3 ,a c]ta9 decorum or propriety mu/ be obs]v$ 9 pa9t+ ! natures or dispositions ( m5 v>y+ ) _! ye>s4 ,!re is !n no occasion = *ang+ ! text1 ) ,dr4 ,b5tley1 into ,mobilibusque decor1 maturis d&us et annis4 99 99 99 99 99 #agi4 ,,aut ,,agitur ,,res ,,9 ,,sc5is1 ,,aut ,,acta ,,ref]tur3 c4 ,! connexion is ?is4 ,! misapplication1 j n[ m5tion$1 de/roys ! cr$ibility4 ,?is puts ! poet 9 m9d ( ano!r misconduct1 :i* ha? ! same effect1 viz4 intus digna g]i prom]e 9 sc5am4 ,b1 be=e he makes ?is obs]vation1 x 0 prop] to premise a concession to prev5t mi/akes1 viz4 ,segnius irritant animos1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 #ahb4 ,,non ,,tam5 ,,intus ,,digna ,,g]i ,,promes ,,9 ,,sc5am3 ,i "k n a m /rik+ example ( ! transgression ( ?is rule1 ?an 9 ,s5eca's ,hippolytus2 :]e ,!seus is made to weep ov] ! mangl$ memb]s ( 8 son1 :i* he attempts to put toge!r on ! /age4 ,?is1 :i* has s horrid an appe>ance 9 ! action1 might h be5 s contriv$1 z to h an inf9ite beauty 9 ! n>ration2 z may be se5 f a simil> in/ance 9 ,x5ophon's ,cyropdia1 :]e ,pan!a is repres5t$ putt+ toge!r ! torn limbs ( ,abradates4 99 99 99 99 99 #ahe4 ,,ne ,,pu]os ,,coram ,,populo1 c4 ,s5eca1 :om we be=e v4 #abc saw s sollicit\s to keep up to "o rule ( ,horace1 "h makes no scruple to transgress ano!r4 ,=1 9 violation ( ! v lett] ( ?is precept1 & ( all ! laws ( dec5cy & common s5se1 he repres5ts ,m$ea but*]+ h] *ildr5 9 ! face ( ! p2 &1 z if ?is too fa9tly pa9t$ ! fury ( h] "*1 he fur!r aggravates ! cruelty ( ! execution1 ) all ! horrors ( a l+]+ act4 ,?is1 seem+ly inconsi/5t1 conduct ( ! poet 01 9 tru?1 ow+ to "o & ! same cause1 namely1 8,! endeav\r to su/a9 ,m$ea's "*40 ,=1 want+ true ta/e to disc]n ! exact b\nd>ies1 :i* nature _h prescrib$ to ! human "*1 or true g5ius to support him 9 a due pres]vation ( x1 he1 z all bad writ]s use1 = fe> ( do+ too little1 un=tunately does too mu*2 & s1 z ,%akespe> well expresses x1 o'er/eps ! mode/y ( nature1 inflat+ h] s5tim5ts ) extravagant passion1 & black5+ h] acts ) circum/ances ( unnatural horror4 ,?\gh "s ( ^! faults ,i suspect he only copi$4 ,=1 to say no?+ ( t ( ,ennius1 ,ovid's ,m$ea 01 at ?is "t1 v fam\s1 & z1 ,i ?9k1 may be collect$ f ! judgm5t pass$ ^u x by ,qu9ctilian1 _h "s ( ! vices1 "h *>g$ ^u ,s5eca4 ,ovidii ,m$ea1 says he1 videtur mihi o/5d]e1 quantum vir ille pr/>e potu]it1 si +5io suo temp]>e1 qum indulg]e1 maluisset4 ,x is n possible inde$ to say exactly1 :]e9 ?is intemp]ance consi/$2 b x is n unlikely1 t1 among/ o!r ?+s1 x might %ew itself 9 ! sorc]ies & incantations2 a subject1 intirely suit$ to ! wildness ( ,ovid's g5ius2 & :i*1 z appe>s f 8 relation ( ?is /ory 9 ! metamorphosis1 he knew n h[ to treat )\t runn+ into "s excess & luxuriance 9 t "p4 ,b :e!r ?is 7 ! cause1 or no1 ! v treat+ a subject1 :i* _h gone ?r\gh su* h&s1 z ,euripides1 ,ennius1 & ,ovid1 0 en\gh to expose a writ] ( bett] judgm5t1 ?an ,s5eca1 to "s haz>d4 ,=1 9 attempt+ to outdo orig9als1 f\nd$ on ! plan ( simple nature1 a writ] is 9 ! utmo/ dang] ( runn+ into affectation & bomba/4 ,& inde$1 )\t ?is temptation1 our writ]s h g5]ally f\nd means to incur ^! excesses2 ! v be/ ( !m be+ too apt to fill _! plots ) unnatural incid5ts1 & to height5 _! *>act]s into c>acatures4 ,?\gh x may be d\bt$1 :e!r ?is ha? be5 ow+ s mu* to _! own ill ta/e1 z to a vici\s compliance ) t ( ! public2 =1 z "o says1 :o well knew ! exp$i5cy ( ?is craft1 & practis$ accord+ly1 to write unnatural ?+s is ! mo/ probable way ( pleas+ !m :o und]/& n nature4 ,dryd4 ,pref4 to ,mock ,a/rol4 99 99 99 99 99 #aic4 ,,actoris ,,p>tes ,,*orus1 c4 ,see also ,ari/otle 4 4 4 4 ,! judgm5t ( two su* critics1 & ! practice ( wise antiquity concurr+ to e/abli% ?is precept conc]n+ ! ,*orus1 x %\ld !nce=?1 "o w\ld ?9k1 h become a fundam5tal rule & maxim ( ! /age4 ,& s inde$ x appe>$ to "s few writ]s4 ,! mo/ admir$ ( ! ,fr5* tragic poets v5tur$ to introduce x into two ( 8 latt] plays1 & ) su* success1 t1 z "o obs]ves1 ,x %\ld1 9 all reason1 h disabus$ 8 c\ntrym5 on ?is head3 l'essai heureux de ,m4 ,rac9e1 qui les *urs a fait revivre dans ,,a?alie et dans ,,e/h]1 devroit1 ce semble1 n\s avoir detrompez sur cet article4 ,p4 ,brumoi1 vol4 i4 p4 #aje4 ,&1 be=e him1 our ,milton1 :o1 ) 8 o!r great tal5ts1 possess$ a supreme k ( antiquity1 0 s /ruck ) its use & beauty1 z to attempt to br+ x into our language4 ,8 ,sampson ,agoni/es 01 z might be expect$1 a ma/]-piece4 ,b ev5 8 cr$it ha? n be5 suffici5t to re/ore ! ,*orus4 ,he> a late ,pr(essor ( ! art decl>+1 ,de *oro nihil diss]ui1 quia non e/ ess5tialis dramati1 atque neot]icis p5itus1 ,,et1 ,,me ,,judice1 ,,m]ito1 ,,repudiatur4 ,prl4 ,poet4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ahh4 ,:5ce x ha? come to pass1 t ! *orus ha? be5 ?us neglect$1 is n n[ ! inquiry4 ,b t ?is critic1 & all su* are greatly out 9 _! judgm5ts :5 !y presume to c5sure x 9 ! anci5ts1 mu/ appe> 7if we look no fur!r7 f ! d\ble use1 insi/$ on by ! poet4 ,=1 #a4 ,a *orus int]pos+1 & be>+ a "p 9 ! progress ( ! action1 gives ! repres5tation t probability#ad1 & /rik+ resemblance ( real life1 :i* e man ( s5se p]ceives & feels ! want ( ^u our /age2 a want1 :i* no?+ b su* an exp$i5t z ! *orus c possibly relieve4 ,&1 #b4 ,! importance ( its o!r (fice v4 #aif to ! utility ( ! repres5tation1 is s great1 t1 9 a moral view1 no?+ c comp5sate = ?is defici5cy4 ,= x is necess>y to ! tru? & decorum ( *>act]s1 t ! mann]s1 bad z well z good1 be drawn 9 /rong1 vivid col\rs1 & to t end t immoral s5tim5ts1 =cibly express$ & speci\sly ma9ta9$1 be sometimes imput$ to ! speak]s4 ,h5ce ! s\nd philosophy ( ! *orus w be con/antly want+ to rectify ! wrong conclusions ( ! audi5ce1 & prev5t ! ill impressions t might o!rwise be made ^u x4 ,nor let any "o say1 t ! audi5ce is well able to d ?is = itself3 ,euripides did n f9d ev5 an ,a!nian !atre s quick-sight$4 ,! /ory is well kn[n ,s54 ,ep4 #aae4 t :5 ?is pa9t] ( ! mann]s 0 oblig$1 by ! rules ( 8 art1 & ! "* to be su/a9$1 to put a run ( bold s5tim5ts 9 ! m\? ( "o ( 8 p]sons1 ! p in/antly took fire1 *>g+ ! poet ) ! imput$ villany1 z ?\gh x _h be5 8 own4 ,n[ if su* an audi5ce c\ld s easily mis9t]pret an att5tion to ! tru? ( "* into ! real doctr9e ( ! poet1 & ?is too1 :5 a *orus 0 at h& to correct & disabuse _! judgm5ts1 :at mu/ be ! case1 :5 ! :ole is left to ! sagacity & p5etration ( ! p8 ,! wis] sort1 'tis true1 h little ne$ ( ?is in=mation4 ,yet ! reflexions ( sob] s5se on ! c\rse & occurr5ces ( ! repres5tation1 clo!d 9 ! noble/ dress ( poetry1 & in=c$ by ! jo9t p[]s ( h>mony & action 7:i* is ! true "* ( ! *orus7 might make x1 ev5 to su*1 a n unpleasant or unpr(itable ent]ta9m5t4 ,b ^! two are a small "p ( ! uses ( ! *orus3 :i* 9 e light is se5 s important to ! tru?1 decorum1 & dignity ( ! tragic sc5e1 t ! mod]n /age1 :i* ha? n ?\ght prop] to adopt x1 is ev51 ) ! advantage (1 sometimes1 ! ju/e/ moral pa9t+ & sublime/ imag]y1 b a v fa9t %ad[ ( ! old2 z mu/ ne$s appe> to ^?1 :o h look$ into ! anci5t models1 or1 dive/+ !mselves ( mod]n prejudices1 are dispos$ to consult ! dictates ( pla9 s5se4 ,= ! use ( su* ,i once design$ to h drawn into "o view ! sev]al important b5efits1 aris+ to ! drama f ! obs]vance ( ?is rule1 b h ! pleasure to f9d myself prev5t$ by a s5sible diss]tation ( a good ,fr5* writ]1 :i* ! read] w f9d 9 ! ,,viii ,tom4 ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,academy ( ,inscriptions & ,belles ,lettres4--,or1 x may be suffici5t to ref] ! ,engli% ,read] to ! late trag$ies ( ,,elfrida & ,,c>actacus2 :i* d hon\r to mod]n poetry1 & are a bett] apology1 ?an any ,i c\ld make1 = ! anci5t *orus4 99 99 99 99 99 #aic4 ,,(ficiumque ,,virile ,he9sius takes virile adv]bially = virilit]4 ,b ?is is ?\ght h>%4 ,:at h9d]s1 b t x may be tak5 adjectively8 ,& !n1 agreeably to 8 int]pretation1 (ficium virile w mean a /r5u\s1 dilig5t (fice1 su* z becomes a p]son int]e/$ 9 ! progress ( ! action4 ,! precept is level$ aga9/ ! practice ( ^? poets1 :o1 ?\gh !y allot ! "p ( a p]sona dramatis to ! *orus1 yet = ! mo/ "p make x s idle & insignificant an "o1 z is ( little consequ5ce 9 ! repres5tation3 by :i* means ! advantage ( probability1 int5d$ to be drawn f ?is use ( ! *orus1 is1 9 great measure1 lo/4 99 99 99 99 99 #aid4 ,,neu ,,quid ,,m$ios ,,int]c9at ,,actus1 ,,quod ,,non ,,proposito ,,conducat ,,et ,,ha]eat ,,apte4 ,h[ necess>y ?is advice might be to ! writ]s ( ! ,augu/an age _c c]ta9ly appe>2 b1 if ! practice ( ,s5eca may give room = any suspicion1 x %\ld seem to h be5 mu* want$2 9 :om ,i sc>cely believe !re is "o s+le in/ance ( ! *orus be+ employ$ 9 a mann]1 consonant to its true end & "*4 ,to support ?is g5]al c5sure1 :i* may seem to be> h>d on ! poet1 let u exam9e1 9 ?is view1 "o ( ! be/ ( 8 plays1 ,i mean1 ! ,hippolytus2 ^: *orus1 ?r\gh\t1 be>s a v idle & un9t]e/+ "p--ha? no %>e 9 ! action--& s+s imp]t95tly4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ act1 :5 ,phdra _h av[$ h] passion = ,hippolytus1 in/ead ( declaim+ aga9/ h] horrid purpose1 enl>g+ on ! dang] & impiety ( giv+ way to unnatural lu/s1 or some?+ ( ?is nature1 :i* 0 surely ! (fice ( ! *orus1 x expatiates wantonly1 & ) a poetic luxuriance1 on ! sov]eign1 wide-ext5d$ p[]s ( love4 ,9 ! close ( ! second act1 in/ead ( applaud+ ! virtu\s ob/9acy ( ,hippolytus1 & execrat+ ! mad attempt ( ,phdra1 x coolly s+s ! dang] ( beauty4 ,! ?ird act conta9s ! false accusation ( ,hippolytus1 & ! too easy deception ( ,!seus4 ,:at _h ! *orus to d "h1 b to w>n aga9/ a too great cr$ulity1 & to commis]ate ! case ( ! delud$ fa!r8 ,yet x declaims1 9 g5]al1 on ! unequal di/ribution ( good & ill4 ,aft] ! f\r? act1 ! *orus %\ld naturally h bewail$ ! fate ( ,hippolytus1 & rev]5c$ ! my/]i\s conduct ( ,provid5ce 9 suff]+ ! cruel de/9y ( ! innoc5t4 ,?is1 or some?+ l x1 w\ld h be5 to ! purpose4 ,b1 z if ! poet _h nev] he>d ( ?is rule ( coh]5ce1 he h>angues1 9 defiance ( common s5se1 on ! in/ability ( an high =tune1 & ! security ( a l[4 ,x w fur!r ju/ify ?is c5sure ( ,s5eca1 & be "s amusem5t to ! critical read]1 to obs]ve1 h[ ! sev]al blund]s1 "h *>g$ ^u him1 arose f an injudici\s imitation ( ,euripides4 ,i4 ,!re are two places 9 ! ,greek ,hippolytus1 :i* ,s5eca seems to h _h 9 view 9 8 fir/ *orus4 ,we w consid] !m bo?4 #a4 ,:5 ! unhappy ,phdra at l5g? suff]s ! fatal secret ( h] passion to be extort$ f h]1 %e falls1 z 0 natural1 into all ! horrors ( self-dete/ation1 & det]m9es n to survive ! confession ( s black a crime4 ,9 ?is conjuncture1 ! nutrix1 :o is n drawn1 z 9 mod]n trag$y1 an unmean+ confidante1 ! m]e deposit>y ( ! poet's secrets1 b has real mann]s assign$ to h]1 endeav\rs1 ) ! highe/ beauty ( "*1 to div]t ^! horrid int5tions1 & mitigate 9 "s sort ! guilt ( h] passion1 by repres5t+ to h] ! resi/less & all-subdu+ =ce ( love4 8,v5us1 says ?is virtu\s monitrix1 is n to be )/ood1 :5 %e ru%es ^u u ) all h] p[]4 ,nor is any "p ( creation vacant f h] influ5ce4 ,%e p]vades ! air1 & glides ?r\gh ! deeps4 ,we1 ! inhabitants ( ! e>?1 are all subject to h] dom9ion4 ,nay1 ask ( ! anci5t b>ds1 & !y w tell y1 t ! ,gods !mselves are "u h] contr\l40 ,& s goes on1 enum]at+ p>ticul> examples1 f all :i* %e inf]s at la/ ! necessity ( ,phdra's yield+ to h] fate4 ,aga91 #b4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! ,greek play1 :51 ^u receiv+ ! tragical /ory ( 8 son's suff]+s1 ,!seus began to feel 8 res5tm5ts give way to ! work+s ( pat]nal affection1 &1 on t acc\nt1 ?\gh he 0 will+ to conceal ! true motive1 ev5 f himself1 _h giv5 ord]s = ! dy+ ,hippolytus to be br\ght be=e him1 ! *orus v prop]ly fl+s out into t f9e address to ,v5us1 1 c4 ! sub/ance ( :i* is1 8,t ,v5us1 ) h] swift-w+$ boy1 :o trav]ses ! e>? & ocean1 subdues ! /ubborn he>ts ( ,gods & m53 inspir+ into all1 on :om h] influ5ce re/s1 :e!r inhabitants ( ! l& or deep1 & m especially ! race ( man1 a s(t & sympa?iz+ t5d]ness2 demon/rat+ h]eby1 t %e alone ext5ds h] all-contr\l+ dom9ion ov] univ]sal nature40 ,?is song1 z ?us connect$ ) ! occasion1 is app>5tly v prop]1 &1 :5 r$uc$ f ! pomp ( lyric eloqu5ce to pla9 prose1 is only an address ( congratulation to ! p[]s ( love2 confess+ & celebrat+ _! influ5ce1 9 ?us s(t5+ ! rigors ( a fa!r's hate1 & awak5+ 9 8 brea/ ! s(t t\*es ( return+ pity & affection4 ,n[ ^! two places1 tak5 toge!r1 are pla9ly ! gr\nd-"w ( t song1 ,diva1 non miti g5]ata ponto1 c4 b h[ improp]ly appli$1 has appe>$1 9 respect ( ! latt] ( !m1 f :at has be5 obs]v$ conc]n+ ! occasion2 & mu/ be ackn[l$g$ ( ! o!r1 f ! diff]5t "* ( ! p]son to :om x is giv52 & also f h5ce1 t ! *orus 9 ! ,greek poet expressly condemns ! impiety ( su* sugge/ions 9 ! nurse1 & admoni%es ,phdra n to l5d an e> to !m4 ,! *orus1 :5 x comes to s+ 9 him1 is f> o!rwise employ$2 n 9 celebrat+ ! triumphs1 b deprecat+ ! p]nici\s fury ( ?is passion1 & 9 lam5t+ ! fatal misc>riages ( ,hym5eal love4 ,,ii4 ,! second song1 on ! graces ( ! pr9ce's p]son1 & ! dang] ( beauty1 :i* foll[s on ! abrupt dep>ture ( ,hippolytus1 reject+1 ) a virtu\s disda91 ! mad attempts ( ,phdra & h] confidante1 is s gl>+ly improp]1 z n to admit an excuse f any example4 ,& yet1 ,i am afraid1 ! s+le au?ority1 x has to lean on1 is a v %ort h9t1 slightly dropp$ by ! *orus 9 ! ,greek poet on a v diff]5t occasion4 ,x is 9 ! entrance ( t sc5e1 :]e ! mangl$ body ( ,hippolytus is br\ght ^u ! /age2 on ! sight ( :i* ! *orus v naturally breaks out1 4 & yet1 z ! read] ( j ta/e p]ceives1 no?+ beyond a s+le reflexion c\ld h be5 endur$ ev5 "h4 ,,iii4 ,! next song ( ! *orus may seem directly copi$ f ,euripides4 ,yet ! two occasions w be f\nd extremely diff]5t4 ,9 ,s5eca1 ,!seus1 "u ! conviction ( 8 son's guilt1 inveighs bitt]ly aga9/ him1 & at la/ supplicates ! p[] ( ,neptune to av5ge 8 crimes4 ,! *orus1 z anticipat+ ! effects ( ?is imprecation1 arraigns ! ju/ice ( ! ,gods4 ,9 ! ,greek poet1 ! fa!r1 "u ! l circum/ances1 invokes ! same av5g+ p[]1 &1 z "s imm$iate relief to 8 rage1 pron\nces ! s5t5ce ( bani%m5t1 & urges ! in/ant execution ( x1 aga9/ him4 ,hippolytus1 unable to cont5d any long] ) 8 fa!r's fury1 breaks out into t mo/ t5d] compla9t 7?an :i* no?+ 0 ev] m affect+ 9 trag$y7 1 1 4 c4 conta9+ 8 la/ adieu to 8 c\ntry1 companions1 & fri5ds4 ,! *orus1 t\*$ ) ! pa?os ( ?is apo/rophe1 & commis]at+ 8 sad rev]se ( =tune1 ent]s ) him into ! same excess ( lam5tation1 &1 z ! fir/ expression ( x1 lets fall ?is natural s5tim5t1 8,t ?\gh f coolly contemplat+ ! div9e sup]9t5d5cy ( human affairs1 !re results abundant confid5ce & security aga9/ ! ills ( life1 yet :5 we look abroad into ! lives & =tunes ( m51 t confid5ce is apt to fail u1 & we f9d ourselves disc\rag$ & conf\nd$ by ! promiscu\s & undi/+ui%+ appo9tm5ts ( good & ill40 ,?is is ! ?\ght1 :i* ,s5eca ha? imitat$1 &1 z 8 mann] is1 outrag$ 9 8 *orus ( ! ?ird act3 ,o magna p>5s1 ,natura1 ,dem1 c4 ,b ! great diff]5ce lies "h4 ,t1 :]eas 9 ,euripides ?is s5tim5t is prop] & agreeable to ! /ate & circum/ances ( ! *orus1 :i* is ev] att5tive to ! progress ( ! action1 & is mo/ affect$ by :at imm$iately pres5ts itself to obs]vation2 9 ,s5eca x is q =eign & imp]t95t2 ! att5tion ( ! *orus naturally turn+1 n on ! di/resses ( ,hippolytus1 :i* _h n yet comm5c$1 b on ! ra%ness & unhappy delusion ( ,!seus1 z be+ t1 :i* _h made ! :ole subject ( ! prec$+ sc5e4 ,b ! consequ5ce ( t delusion1 x w be said1 0 obvi\s4 ,x may be s4 ,b ! *orus1 z any s5sible spectator1 is mo/ agitat$ by su* reflexions1 z occur to ! m9d f ^? sc5es ( ! drama1 :i* are actually pass+ be=e x1 & n f ^? :i* h n yet tak5 place4 ,,iv4 ,:at 0 rem>k$ ( ! second song ( ! *orus w be applicable to ! f\r?1 :i* is absurdly f\nd$ on a s+le reflexion 9 ! ,greek poet1 b j t\*$ 9 a c\ple ( l9es1 ?\gh mu* m naturally introduc$4 ,!seus1 plung$ 9 ! deepe/ affliction by ! immature dea? ( ,phdra1 & n endur+ ! sight ( ! suppos$ guilty au?or ( x1 comm&s him into bani%m5t1 8,le/1 z he goes on1 8 =m] triumphs & successes aga9/ ! di/urb]s ( mank9d1 %\ld 9 consequ5ce ( ! impunity ( su* unprec$5t$ crimes1 h5ce=? d him no hon\r40 ,! *orus1 /ruck ) ! di/ressful situation ( ! old k+1 & recollect+ ) him ! sum ( 8 =m] glories1 is made to exclaim1 ' ' ' 4 i4 e4 !re is h5ce=? no su* ?+1 z human happ9ess1 :5 ! fir/ examples ( x are ?us sadly rev]s$4 ,:i* casual rem>k ,s5eca seizes & ext5ds ?r\gh a :ole *orus2 :]e x visibly s]ves to no o!r end1 b to usurp a place1 de/9$ = f> m natural & affect+ s5tim5ts4 ,if ,i h be5 r long ^u ?is head1 x is because ,i conceive ?is critique on ! ,hippolytus w let ! read]1 at once1 into ! true "* ( ,s5eca2 :i*1 he n[ sees1 is t ( a m]e declamatory morali/4 ,s little des]v+ is he ( ! reputation ( a j dramatic poet4 99 99 99 99 99 #aif4 ,,ille ,,bonis ,,faveatque1 c4 ,! *orus1 says ! poet1 is to take ! side ( ! good & virtu\s1 i4 e4 is always to su/a9 a moral "*4 ,b ?is w ne$ "s explanation & re/riction4 ,to conceive aright ( its (fice1 we mu/ suppose ! *orus to be a numb] ( p]sons1 by "s probable cause assembl$ toge!r1 z witnesses & spectators ( ! great action ( ! drama4 ,su* p]sons1 z !y _c be :olly un9t]e/$ 9 :at passes be=e !m1 w v naturally be> "s %>e 9 ! repres5tation4 ,?is w pr9cipally consi/ 9 decl>+ _! s5tim5ts1 & indulg+ _! reflexions freely on ! sev]al ev5ts & di/resses z !y %all arise4 ,?us we see ! moral1 attribut$ to ! *orus1 w be no o!r ?an ! dictates ( pla9 s5se2 su* z mu/ be obvi\s to e ?9k+ obs]v] ( ! action1 :o is "u ! influ5ce ( no peculi> p>tialities f affection or int]e/4 ,?\gh ev5 ^! may be suppos$ 9 cases1 :]e ! "*1 t[>ds :i* !y draw1 is repres5t$ z virtu\s4 ,a *orus1 ?us con/itut$1 mu/ always1 x is evid5t1 take ! "p ( virtue2 because ?is is ! natural & almo/ necess>y det]m9ation ( mank9d1 9 all ages & nations1 :5 act+ freely & uncon/ra9$4 ,b !n x is to be obs]v$1 #a4 ,t ?is moral "*1 or approbation ( virtue1 mu/ also be consid]ably influ5c$ by ! common & e/abli%$ notions ( "r & wrong2 :i*1 ?\gh 9 ess5tial po9ts1 = ! mo/ "p1 uni=mly ! same "u all circum/ances1 yet w1 9 "s p>ticul> in/ances1 be mu* di/ort$ by ! corrupt pr9ciples & practices ( diff]5t c\ntries & times4 ,h5ce ! moral ( ! /age w n be always /rictly philosophical2 z reflect+ to u ! image n ( ! sage's speculation1 b1 ( ! obvi\s s5se ( common1 untutor'd m9ds4 ,! read] w f9d ?is obs]vation appli$ to ! case ( ! *orus 9 ! ,m$ea1 9 note on v4 #bjj1 & x might fur!r1 p]haps1 be ext5d$ to ! v9dication ( "s o!rs1 to :i* ! ignorant tem]ity ( mod]n criticism ha? tak5 occasion to object4 ,b1 #b4 ,! moral "* ( ! *orus w n only dep5d v mu* on ! sev]al mi/ak5 notions & usages1 :i* may happ51 "u diff]5t circum/ances1 to corrupt & defile morality2 b all[ance is also to be made = ! false policies1 :i* may prevail 9 diff]5t c\ntries2 & especially if !y con/itute any "p ( ! subject1 :i* ! drama w\ld repres5t4 ,if ! *orus be made up ( free citiz5s1 :e!r ( a republic1 or ! mild] & m equal royalties1 !y c be "u little or no temptation to suppress or disguise _! real s5tim5ts on ! sev]al ev5ts1 pres5t$ to _! obs]vation2 b w be at lib]ty to pursue _! natural incl9ation ( speak+ ! tru?4 ,b %\ld ?is v5]able assembly1 in/ead ( su/a9+ ! dignity ( free subjects1 be1 9 fact1 a company ( slaves1 devot$ by long use to ! s]vice & int]e/s ( a ma/]1 or aw$1 by ! dread ( tyrannical p[]1 into an implicit compliance ) 8 w1 ! baleful effect1 :i* ?is v diff]5t situation mu/ h on _! moral "*1 is evid5t4 ,_! op9ions ( p]sons & ?+s w cease to be oracul>2 & ! int]position ( ! *orus w be m likely to injure ! cause ( virtue1 ?an to assi/ & promote x4 ,nor c any objection be made1 on ?is acc\nt1 to ! conduct ( ! poet2 :o keeps to nature & probability 9 draw+ ! *orus ) ?is imp]fectly moral "*2 & is only answ]able = 8 ill *oice ( a subject1 9 :i* su* a p]nici\s repres5tation is requir$4 ,an in/ance w explane my mean+ m p]fectly4 ,! *orus 9 ! ,antigone1 contr>y to ! rule ( ,horace1 takes ! side ( ! wick$4 ,x consi/s ( a numb] ( old ,!bans1 assembl$ by ! ord] ( ,creon to assi/1 or r to be pres5t1 at a k9d ( mock c\ncil2 9 :i* he meant to issue 8 cruel int]dict ( ! rites ( sepulture to ! body ( ,polynices2 a matt] ( ! highe/ consequ5ce 9 ^? days1 & ^u :i* ! :ole di/ress ( ! play turns4 ,?is vet]an troop ( vassals ent] at once into ! horrid views ( ! tyrant1 & obsequi\sly g along ) him 9 ! projects ( 8 cruelty2 calmly1 & )\t ! appe>ance ( any virtu\s emotion1 cons5t+ to !m all4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! int]ludes ( ! *orus are1 = ! mo/ "p1 imp]t95t1 or some?+ worse2 cauti\sly avoid+ su* useful reflexions1 z ! nature ( ! case mu/ sugge/1 or indulg+1 by _! flatt]ies1 ! impot5t tyranny ( _! pr9ce4 ,& yet no blame c be fairly *>g$ ^u ! great poet1 :o ha? surely repres5t$1 9 ! mo/ /rik+ col\rs1 ! p]nici\s "*1 :i* a *orus1 "u su* circum/ances1 w\ld naturally su/a94 ,! fault mu/ !re=e fall1 :]e ! poet manife/ly int5d$ to ?r[ x1 on ! accurs$ _s ( despotism2 :i* ext+ui%es1 or ov]-rules1 ! sugge/ions ( common s5se2 kills ! v se$s ( virtue1 & p]v]ts ! mo/ sacr$ & important (fices1 su* z is t ( ! *orus1 into ! means & in/rum5ts ( vice4 ,! glory1 :i* he design$1 by ?is repres5tation1 to reflect ^u ! gov]nm5t & policy ( 8 own /ate1 is too gl>+ to be ov]look$4 ,& he ha? artfully contriv$ to c\nt]-act any ill impressions on ! m9ds ( ! p1 f ! pro/itut$ au?ority ( ! *orus1 by *>g+ !m1 9 ! p]sons ( ,hmon & ,antigone1 ) _! real motives & views4 ,9 all indiff]5t ?+s1 9 :i* ! passions or int]e/s ( _! ma/] 7 n conc]n$1 ev5 ?is *orus w\ld ( c\rse pres]ve a moral "*4 ,b we are to look = x no fur!r4 ,?is is ! utmo/ v]ge & b\nd>y ( a slave's virtue4 ,an important tru?1 :i*1 among _m great] & m mom5t\s in/ructions1 furni%es ?is to ! dramatic poet1 8,t1 if he w\ld apply ! *orus to ! uses ( a s\nd & useful moral1 he mu/ take 8 subjects1 n f ! annals ( despotic tyranny1 b f ! great ev5ts1 :i* occur 9 ! records ( free & equal commonweal?s40 99 99 99 99 99 #bjj4 ,,ille ,,tegat ,,commissa ,?is important advice is n always easy to be foll[$4 ,mu* inde$ w dep5d on ! *oice ( ! subject1 & ! artful con/itution ( ! fable4 ,yet1 ) all 8 c>e1 ! able/ writ] w sometimes f9d himself emb>rass$ by ! *orus4 ,i w\ld "h be und]/ood to speak *iefly ( ! mod]ns4 ,= ! anci5ts1 ?\gh x has n be5 att5d$ to1 _h "s peculi> advantages ov] u 9 ?is respect1 result+ f ! pr9ciples & practices ( ^? times4 ,=1 z x ha? be5 obs]v$ ( ! anci5t epic muse1 t %e borr[$ mu* ( h] /ate & dignity f ! false !ology ( ! pagan _w1 s1 ,i ?9k1 x may be ju/ly said ( ! anci5t tragic1 t %e has d]iv$ great advantages ( probability f its mi/ak5 moral4 ,if !re be tru? 9 ?is reflexion1 x w help to ju/ify "s ( ! anci5t *oirs1 t h be5 mo/ object$ to by ! mod]ns4 ,to give an in/ance or two1 & leave ! curi\s read] to ext5d ! obs]vation at 8 leisure4 ,i4 ,9 ! ,hippolytus ( ,euripides1 ! *orus1 :i* is let into ,phdra's design ( kill+ h]self1 suff]s ?is ra% attempt to take effect1 r ?an divulge ! intru/$ secret4 ,?is1 to a mod]n read]1 seems /range2 & we are ready to arraign ! poet ( hav+ allott$ a v unfit & unbecom+ "p to 8 *orus1 :i*1 9 ord] to obs]ve a critical1 is ?us made to violate a moral precept1 or at lea/ to sacrifice ! m ess5tial "p ( its "* to a punctilio ( hon\r4 ,b ! case 0 q o!rwise4 ,?is suicide ( ,phdra1 :i*1 on our /rict] moral plan1 is repugnant to ! pla9 rules ( duty1 01 9 ! circum/ances suppos$1 fully ju/ifi$ on ! pagan sy/em4 ,phdra _h confess$ ! secret ( h] crim9al passion4 ,by ! =w>d zeal ( h] confid5t1 h] disgrace is made kn[n to ,hippolytus2 & !reby1 z %e conceives1 r5d]$ notori\s to ! public4 ,9 ?is di/ress %e _h only "o way to v9dicate h] hon\r1 & t 0 at ! exp5ce ( h] life4 ,r ?an be> ! insupportable load ( public infamy1 %e kills h]self4 ,t ?is 0 a ju/ifiable cause ( self-murd] 9 ! eye ( ! *orus is cle> f ! reason1 !re assign$1 ( h] conduct1 manife/ly 9 approbation ( x4 8,phdra1 says ! *orus1 oppress$ & borne d[n by h] afflictions1 has rec\rse to ?is exp$i5t ( suicide1 ' 1 ' 4 = ! sake ( h] good fame1 & 9 ord] to free h]self f ! tortures ( a cruel passion40 ,& h[ agreeable ?is 0 to ! pagan sy/em1 9 g5]al1 let ! read] collect f ! foll[+ te/imonies 9 ,cic]o3 ,si omnia fugi5d turpitud9is adipisc5dque hone/atis caus faciemus1 non modo /imulos doloris1 s$ etiam fulm9a =tun contemnamus licebit3 prs]tim cum p>atum sit illud ex he/]n disputatione p]fugium4 ,ut enim1 si1 cui naviganti prdones insequantur1 ,deus quis dix]it1 ,ejice te navi2 pr/o e/1 qui excipiat1 c4 omnem omittas timorem2 sic1 urg5tibus asp]is et odiosis doloribus1 si tanti non s9t ut f]5di s9t1 quo sit confugi5dum vides4 ,tusc4 ,disp4 l4 ii4 #bf4 ,&1 aga91 9 ! close ( ! ,v? disputation1 ,mihi quidem 9 vita s]v&a videtur illa lex1 qu 9 ,grcorum conviviis obt9et3 ,aut bibat1 inquit1 aut abeat4 ,et recte4 ,aut enim fruatur aliquis p>it] cum aliis voluptate pot&i2 aut1 ne sobrius 9 viol5tiam v9ol5torum incidat1 ante disc$at3 sic ,,injurias ,,=tun1 ,,quas ,,f]re ,,nequeas1 ,,defugi5do ,,rel9quas4 ,,ii4 ,ano!r example may1 ,i ?9k1 be fet*$ f ! ,m$ea4 ,sc>cely any ?+ has be5 m ! subject ( mod]n c5sure1 ?an ! "p1 :i* ! *orus is made to act 9 ?is trag$y4 ,:5ce comes x1 says ,m4 ,daci]1 t ! *orus1 :i* consi/s ( ,cor9?ian wom51 is fai?ful to a /rang] aga9/ _! sov]eign#ae8 ,?is good ,fr5*man1 x seems1 ?\ght x a k9d ( treason1 ev5 on ! /age1 & :]e a moral "* 0 to be su/a9$1 to take "p aga9/ a tyrant4 ,b he w fur!r say1 t ! moral "* ( ! *orus 0 =feit$ 9 ?us conceal+1 &1 9 effect1 abett+ ! impi\s cruelties ( ,m$ea4 ,! laws ( nature & ( ,god 7 transgress$ 9 r5d]+ ?is s]vice to h]4 ,all :i* is v true1 suppos+ ! read] to judge ( ?is matt] by ! pur] *ri/ian moral4 ,b h[ w he prove ?is to be ! case on ! receiv$ notions & practices ( paganism8 ,x appe>s1 ?is critic did n appreh5d1 :at a mod]ate att5tion to anci5t hi/ory & mann]s might h taught him1 t ! violation ( conjugal fidelity 0 a crime ( t high nature1 z to des]ve 9 ! public op9ion1 & to excuse1 ! sev]e/ v5geance ( retaliation4 ,?is ! laws expresly all[$ to ! injuries ( ! husb&4 ,&1 x is probable1 ! wife might incl9e to ?9k ! reason ( ! case ext5d$ also to h]4 ,:at is c]ta9 is1 t we f9d "s ( ! deepe/ sc5es ( horror1 :i* anci5t hi/ory furni%es1 or anci5t fiction c\ld pa9t1 wr\ght up f ! occasion ( ?is neglect ( conjugal fai?4 ,& x is well obs]v$ by "o1 9 speak+ ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! anci5t & mod]n /age1 t :at is n[ held ! fit subject ( comic mir? & ridicule 9 *ri/ian !atres1 0 nev] employ$ b to /ir up ! utmo/ horror & commis]ation1 on ! hea!n4 8,we d n f9d1 says ?is agreeable writ]1 any com$y 9 s polite an au?or1 z ,t]5ce1 rais$ ^u ! violations ( ! m>riage-b$4 ,! falsehood ( ! wife or husb& has giv5 occasion to noble trag$ies2 b a ,scipio & ,llius w\ld h look$ ^u ince/ or murd]1 to h be5 z prop] subjects = com$y40 ,?is is /rictly & precisely ! tru?4 ,&1 !re=e1 z ! crimes ( ince/ or murd] 7 believ$ des]v+ ( ! highe/ puni%m5t by ! ,pagans1 & e good man 0 ready to int]e/ himself 9 see+ x inflict$#af2 s1 9 ! case ( ! op5 violation ( ! m>riage-compact1 ! fi]ce/ acts ( rev5ge 7 ju/ifi$ 9 ! public op9ion1 & pass$ only = acts ( /rict ju/ice4 ,& = ?is1 if we want$ fur!r au?ority1 we h ! express ^w ( ! *orus4 ,! ,cor9?ian wom5 d n b>ely cons5t to secrecy1 9 virtue ( an extort$ oa? or promise 7?\gh m might h be5 said = ?is1 ?an e read] is aw>e (7 b 9 consequ5ce ( _! entire & full approbation ( h] int5tions4 ,= ?us1 9 answ] to ,m$ea's petition to !m1 )\t ! lea/ res]ve or hesitation1 !y are made to reply1 ' 4 ,i w d x2 = ?is rev5ge on a husb& is j4 ,we see !n ! *orus1 9 keep+ ! secret ( ,m$ea's murd]s1 0 employ$ 9 its great (fice ( c\nt5anc+ & support+ salubrem ju/itiam1 :olesome ju/ice4 ,&1 !re=e1 ! s*olia/1 ) ,m4 ,daci]'s leave1 gave a fit & prop] acc\nt ( ! matt] 7s f> 0 x f be+ impi\s & ridicul\s7 9 say+1 t ! ,cor9?ian wom5 be+ free1 i4 e4 n devot$ to ! s]vice ( ,creon1 by ! special duties ( any p]sonal atta*m5t1 take ! side ( ju/ice1 z ! *orus is wont to d on o!r occasions4 ,! circum/ance ( _! fre$om is prop]ly m5tion$4 ,= ?is di/+ui%es _! case f t ( ! nutrix1 :o ^u receiv+ ! acc\nt ( ,jason's cruelties1 cries out1 1 ' 1 ' 4 ,& t ! *orus ent]'d into ,m$ea's designs aga9/ h] husb&1 ! tyrant ,creon1 & h] rival1 on reasons ( ju/ice & equity only1 & n 7z is ha/ily believ$ by "s1 :o h n en\gh att5d$ to ! decorum ( ! anci5t trag$y7 = ! sake ( =w>d+ ! poet's plot1 may be c]ta9ly %ewn4 ,= :51 9 ! fury ( h] res5tm5ts1 & z ! full completion ( h] rev5ge1 ! "m comes to propose ! murd] ( h] innoc5t *ildr51 ! *orus />ts ) horror at ! ?\ght1 dissuades h] f x 9 ! mo/ e>ne/ & affect+ mann]#ag1 & seems to h conceal$ ! dreadful secret only f ! p]suasion1 t x 0 too horrid & unnatural to be p]petrat$4 ,! read] w collect ?is ) pleasure1 by turn+ to ! f9e song1 :i* foll[s4 ,x may be fur!r obs]v$1 t ,m$ea h]self1 9 op5+ ?is la/ purpose ( h] rage to ! *orus1 exacts fidelity ( !m only1 z !y wi%$ well to an injur$ que51 & 7 wom52 1 ' 4 :i* is beautifully contriv$ by ! poet1 to discrim9ate ! two cases1 & to intimate to u1 t reasons ( ju/ice 7 n[ no long] to be plead$4 ,9 sum1 ?\gh ^! acts ( sev]e av5g+ ju/ice might n be accord+ to ! express lett] ( ! laws1 or ! m ref9$ conclusions ( ! ,,por* or ,,academy2 yet !re is no d\bt1 t !y 71 9 ! g5]al acc\nt1 e/eem$ fit & reasonable4 ,&1 x is to be obs]v$1 9 ord] to pass a "r judgm5t on ! anci5t *orus1 t1 ?\gh 9 virtue ( _! (fice1 !y 7 oblig$ univ]sally to su/a9 a moral "*2 yet ?is moral 0 r political & popul>1 ?an /rictly legal or philosophic4 ,:i* is also f\nd$ on good reason4 ,! scope & end ( ! anci5t !atre be+ to s]ve ! int]e/s ( virtue & society1 on ! pr9ciples & s5tim5ts1 already spread & admitt$ among/ ! p1 & n to correct old errors1 & in/ruct !m 9 philosophic tru?4 99 99 99 99 99 #bjb4 ,,tibia ,,non1 ,,ut ,,nunc1 ,,ori*alco1 c4 f v4 #bjb to v4 #bbj4 ,?is is "o ( ^? _m passages 9 ! epi/le1 ab\t :i* ! critics h said a great deal1 )\t expla9+ any ?+4 ,9 support ( :at ,i mean to (f]1 z ! true int]pretation1 ,i obs]ve1 ,t ! poet's int5tion c]ta9ly 01 n to c5sure ! false ref9em5ts ( _! /age-music2 b1 9 a %ort digressive hi/ory 7su* z ! didactic =m w sometimes require7 to describe ! rise & progress ( ! true4 ,?is ,i collect1 #a4 ,f ! expression itself2 :i* _c1 )\t viol5ce1 be und]/ood 9 any o!r way4 ,=1 z to ! words lic5tia & prceps1 :i* h occasion$ mu* ( ! difficulty1 ! fir/ means a fre] use1 n a lic5ti\sness1 prop]ly s call$2 & ! o!r only expresses a vehem5ce & rapidity ( language1 naturally productive ( a quick] elocution1 su* z mu/ ( c\rse att5d ! m num]\s h>mony ( ! lyre3--n1 z ,m4 ,daci] translates x1 une eloqu5ce tem]aire et outre1 an extravagant /ra9+ & affectation ( /yle4 #b4 ,f ! reason ( ! ?+2 :i* makes x incr$ible1 t ! music ( ! !atre %\ld !n be mo/ complete1 :5 ! times 7 b>b>\s1 & ent]ta9m5ts ( ?is k9d little enc\rag$ or und]/ood4 #c4 ,f ! "* ( t music itself2 = ! rud5ess ( :i*1 ,horace1 9 effect1 apologizes 9 def5d+ x only on ! score ( ! imp]fect /ate ( ! /age1 & ! simplicity ( its judges4 ,b :at %all we say !n to ^? l9es1 ,indoctus quid enim sap]et lib]que laborum1 ,ru/icus urbano confusus1 turpis hone/o8 :i* seem to imply a c5sure on ^! ,improvem5ts1 z unwor?y ! approbation ( wise m52 contr>y to :at ,i h j n[ suppos$ to be ! scope ( ?is :ole passage4 ,on ! /ricte/ att5tion1 ,i believe we are to und]/& !m z a ,sne]1 9 pass+1 on :at grave & philosophic m5 h obs]v$ ( ^! ref9em5ts1 :i* !y con/antly treat1 z ,corruptions4 ,see note on v4 #bah4 ,b ! mix$ auditories ( ^! days1 says ! poet ) 8 usual bad9age1 7 n s wise4 ',tis1 z if he _h said1 8,:at ,i m5tion "h z an improvem5t 9 dramatic music is1 9 ! ideas & language ( "s grave m51 an abuse & p]v]sion ( x to immoral purposes4 ,x may be s3 b consid]1 = :at sorts ( p ^! !atrical ent]ta9m5ts 7 design$3 = ! ignorant cl[n & citiz51 ! plebeian & g5tleman1 huddl$ toge!r into "o confus$ mass1 & cr[d+ to ! !atre1 on a holyday1 = "s relief f _! ord9>y toils & occupations4 ,& alas1 :at d ^! m5 "k1 or consid] ( ?is au/]e wisdom8 ,b ! ca/ ( ! :ole passage is1 besides1 su* z fav\rs ! supposition ( an int5d$ ,irony4 ,h5ce ! ,tibia non1 ut nunc1 ori*alco v9cta1 c4 deliv]$ 9 ! usual tone ( declaim]s aga9/ mod]n mann]s4 ,h5ce ! epi!ts1 frugi ca/usque v]ecundusque1 to d5ote ! quality ( ^? :o assi/$1 ( old1 at ^! virtu\s ent]ta9m5ts4 ,& h5ce ! enormity ( t /ate ( ?+s1 :5 ! p 7 aft]w>ds p]mitt$ to regale on holy days1 impune4 ,?is int5tion too acc\nts = ! t]ms lic5tia1 luxuries1 facundia1 prceps1 & o!rs1 :i* be+ ( ambigu\s int]pretation1 ! poet purposely *ose1 to mimic1 & hum\r1 z x 71 ! objectors 9 _! fav\rite language on ?is occasion4 ,till at la/1 impati5t to cont9ue ! raill]y any fur!r1 he concludes at once ) an air ( solemnity v prop] to conf\nd ! imp]t95ce ( su* criticism4 ,utiliumque sagax r]um1 et div9a futuri ,sortilegis non discrepuit s5t5tia ,delphis4 ,all ?is ! read] sees is agreeable to ! poet's prescription else:]e1 --,s]mone opus e/ tri/i1 spe jocoso4 & inde$ to 8 own practice on an hundr$ occasions4 ,s t on ! :ole !re is little d\bt ( 8 int5tion 9 ! l9es1 ,indoctus quid enim sap]et1 c4 ,at lea/1 9 ?is view ! poet1 ,i am apt to ?9k1 w be f\nd intelligible & ev5 elegant4 ,:]eas1 on any o!r supposition ( 8 num]\s comm5tators1 ,i _c see t ! v]ses be=e u 7z !y "h /&7 h ei!r propriety or common s5se40 ,! int]pretation !n ( ?is :ole passage1 f v4 #bjb to #bbj1 w /& ?us4 8,! ,tibia1 says ! poet1 0 at fir/ l[ & simple4 ,! fir/1 z be/ agree+ to ! /ate ( ! /age1 :i* requir$ only a s(t music to g along )1 & assi/ ! *orus2 !re be+ no l>ge & cr[d$ !atres to fill 9 ^? days4 ,& ! latt]1 z suit+ be/ to ! /ate ( ! times2 ^: simplicity & frugal mann]s exact$ ! sev]e/ temp]ance1 z 9 e ?+ else1 s1 9 _! dramatic ornam5ts & decorations4 ,b1 :5 conque/ _h enl>g$ ! t]ritory1 & wid5$ ! walls ( ,rome2 &1 9 consequ5ce !re(1 a social _s _h dispell$ t sev]ity ( mann]s1 by ! introduction ( frequ5t fe/ival solemnities2 !n1 z 0 natural to expect1 a fre] & m v>i$ h>mony took place4 ,nor let x be object$ t ?is fre] h>mony 0 itself an abuse1 a corruption ( ! sev]e & moral music ( anci5t times4 ,alas6 we 7 n z yet s wise1 to see ! inconv5i5cies ( ?is improvem5t4 ,& h[ %\ld we1 consid]+ ! nature & end ( ^! !atrical ent]ta9m5ts1 & ! sort ( m5 ( :i* our !atres 7 made up8 ,b1 leav+ ! ,philosoph] to speculate at 8 ease1 on ?is matt]1 ?us1 9 fact1 x 01 8t ! ,tibic51 ! musician1 :o play$ to ! declamation 9 ! acts1 in/ead ( ! rude & simpl] /ra9 ( ! old times1 gave a ri*ness & v>iety ( tone2 &1 in/ead ( ! old inactive po/ure1 add$ ! grace ( motion to 8 art4 ,j 9 ! same mann]1 cont9ues he1 x happ5$ to ! ,lyre1 i4 e4 ! music 9 ! *orus1 :i* orig9ally1 z t ( ! ,tibia1 0 sev]e & simple2 b1 by degrees1 acquir$ a quick] & m expressive modulation1 su* z correspond$ to ! m elevat$ & passionate turn ( ! poet's /yle1 & ! div9] en?usiasm ( 8 s5tim5t40 ,all t is fur!r want+ to support & ju/ify ?is int]pretation1 w be f\nd 9 ! notes on p>ticul> passages4 99 99 99 99 99 #bjc4 ,,t5uis ,,simplexque1 c4 ,x may "h be obs]v$ ( ! mann]1 9 :i* ! poet ha? *os5 to deliv] ?is :ole "p f v4 #bjb to #bie t1 besides its o!r uses1 x t5ds directly to convey to 8 read]s1 & impress ^u !m 9 ! /ronge/ mann]1 ! pr9cipal in/ruction1 he has 9 view1 & ) :i* ! epi/le m expresly concludes1 viz4 ,! uses & importance ( a _s ( critical application4 ,=1 9 speak+ ( ! /age music1 ( ! satyrs1 & ! ,greek trag$y 7all :i* come naturally 9 8 way1 & are v artfully connect$7 he *uses to d$uce ! acc\nt ( ea* f its rud] & less poli%$ orig9al2 trac+ x ?r\gh its sev]al successive /ages1 & m>k+ out to u ! gradual poli% & ref9em5t1 :i* x acquir$ f increas+ dilig5ce & correctness4 ,! ,tibia at fir/ 0 simple & rude--,! satyrs nak$ & b>b>\s--& ! ,greek trag$y itself de=m$ & %apeless 9 ! c>t ( ,!spis4 ,c>e & att5tion re=m$ ea*4 ,x foll[s1 ,nil int5tatum no/ri liqu]e poet1 c4 i4 e4 our poets h n be5 want+ 9 _! attempts to excel 9 ^! sev]al p>ticul>s4 ,:at is necess>y to _! success is1 lim labor et mora4 ,if ! read] be> ?is 9 m9d1 x w help him to see ! ord] & scope ( ?is "p m di/9ctly4 99 99 99 99 99 #bjd4 ,,aspir>e ,,et ,,adesse ,,*oris1 c4 ,*orus "h means ! :ole dramatic p]=mance1 :i* 0 orig9ally no?+ else4 99 99 99 99 99 #bjf4 ,,utpote ,,p>vus1 ,,et ,,frugi ,,ca/usque ,,v]ecundusque1 c4 ,m4 ,daci] f9ds "h f\r causes ( ! little reg>d ! anci5ts _h = plays he %\ld h said1 ( _! be+ satisfi$ ) ! ,tibia1 all rude & simple z is "h describ$ la premi]e1 que le peuple ,roma9 toit encore alors en petit nombre3 la seconde1 qu'il toit sage3 la troisime1 qu'il toit *a/e1 c'e/ dire pieux3 et la quatrime1 qu'il toit mode/e4 ,b ! ?ree la/ epi!ts are synonym\s1 all ( !m express+ :at1 ?\gh he took ?ree guesses = x1 he _h ! ill =tune to miss at la/1 t pla9ness & simplicity ( "*1 t frugal res]ve & mod]ation 9 ! use ( any ?+1 :i* s ess5tially belongs to rude m9ds1 un9/ruct$ 9 ! arts ( life4 ,8 f\r causes are1 9 fact1 !n b two2 :i* h be5 fully consid]$ 9 note on v4 #bjb4 99 99 99 99 99 #baa4 ,,accessit ,,num]isque ,,modisque ,,lic5tia ,,major4 ,m4 ,daci] takes lic5tia major 9 a bad s5se1 z imply+ lascivet1 a culpable & lic5ti\s ref9em5t4 ,b ! lic5ce1 "h spok5 (1 ) reg>d to numb]s & s\nds1 l t 9 ano!r place1 :i* respects words l4 #ea4 is "o ( ^?1 :i* is all[$1 :5 sumpta pud5t]4 ,! comp>ative major1 :i* is a palliative1 %ews ?is2 & is fur!r ju/ifi$ by a l passage 9 ,cic]o1 ,de ,oratore l4 iii4 c4 #dh4 :]e speak+ ( ?is v lic5ce 9 poetry1 he obs]ves1 t out ( ! ,h]oic & ,iambic measure1 :i* 7 at fir/ /rictly obs]v$1 !re arose by degrees ! ,anap/1 proc]ior quidam num]us1 et ille lic5tior et divitior ,di?yrambus2 evid5tly n condemn+ ?is *ange1 b oppos+ x to ! rigor\s & conf9$ measure ( ! eld] poets4 ,b ! expression itself occurs 9 ! piece entitl$ ,orator1 9 :i*1 comp>+ ! fre$oms ( ! poetical & oratorial /yle1 9 ea i4 e4 poetica says he1 lic5tiam /atuo majorem esse1 quam 9 nobis1 faci5dorum jung5dorumque v]borum4 ,! poet says1 ?is lic5ce ext5d$ num]is modisque1 ! =m] ( :i* words w express t lic5ce ( metre1 spok5 ( by ,cic]o1 & :i* is fur!r expla9$ v4 #bef1 c4 :]e an acc\nt is giv5 ( ! improvem5t ( ! ,iambic v]se4 99 99 99 99 99 #bad4 ,,sic ,,priscae1 -- -- -- ,,arti ,,tibic51 c4 ,,sic ,,etiam ,,fidibus1 c4 ,?is is ! application ( :at ha? be5 said1 9 g5]al1 conc]n+ ! ref9em5t ( !atrical music to ! case ( trag$y4 ,"s comm5tators say1 & to com$y4 ,b 9 ?is !y mi/ake1 z w appe> pres5tly4 ,m4 ,daci] ha?1 ,i "k n :at conceit ab\t a comp>ison betwixt ! ,roman & ,greek /age4 ,8 reason is1 t ! lyre 0 us$ 9 ! ,greek *orus1 z appe>s1 he says1 f ,sophocles play+ ^u ?is in/rum5t himself 9 "o ( 8 trag$ies4 ,& 0 x n us$ too 9 ! ,roman *orus1 z appe>s f ,n]o's play+ ^u x 9 sev]al trag$ies8 ,b ! le>n$ critic did n appreh5d ?is matt]4 ,inde$ f ! caution1 ) :i* 8 guides1 ! deal]s 9 antiquities1 always t\* ?is po9t1 x %\ld seem1 t !y too _h no v cle> conceptions ( x4 ,! case ,i take to h be5 ?is3 ,! ,tibia1 z be+ mo/ prop] to accompany ! declamation ( ! acts1 cantanti succ9]e1 0 con/antly employ$1 z well 9 ! ,roman trag$y z com$y4 ,?is appe>s f _m au?orities4 ,i m5tion only two f ,cic]o4 ,quam multa ,acad4 l4 ii4 #g4 qu nos fugiunt 9 cantu1 exaudiunt 9 eo g5]e ex]citati3 ,qui1 primo inflatu ,tibic9is1 ,antiopam esse aiunt aut ,&roma*am1 cum nos ne suspicemur quidem4 ,! o!r is /ill m express4 ,9 8 piece1 entitl$ ,orator1 speak+ ( ! neglig5ce ( ! ,roman writ]s1 9 respect ( numb]s1 he obs]ves1 t !re 7 ev5 _m passages 9 _! trag$ies1 :i*1 unless ! ,,tibia play$ to !m1 c\ld n be di/+ui%$ f m]e prose3 qu1 nisi cum ,tibic5 access]it1 orationi s9t solut simillima4 ,"o ( ^! passages is expresly quot$ f ,?ye/es1 a trag$y ( ,ennius2 &1 z appe>s f ! measure1 tak5 out ( "o ( ! acts4 ,x is cle> !n1 t ! ,tibia 0 c]ta9ly us$ 9 ! declamation ( trag$y4 ,b n[ ! song ( ! tragic *orus1 be+ ( ! nature ( ! ode1 ( c\rse requir$ ,fides1 ! lyre1 ! peculi> & appropriat$ in/rum5t ( ! lyric ,muse4 ,& ?is is cle>ly collect$1 if n f express te/imonies2 yet f "s occasional h9ts dropt by ! anci5ts4 ,=1 #a4 ! lyre1 we are told1 ,cic4 ,de ,leg4 ii4 #i4 #ae4 & is agre$ on all h&s1 0 an in/rum5t ( ! ,roman !atre2 b x 0 n employ$ 9 com$y4 ,?is we c]ta9ly "k f ! %ort acc\nts ( ! music prefix$ to ,t]5ce's plays4 #b4 ,fur!r1 ! ,tibic51 z we saw1 accompani$ ! declamation ( ! acts 9 trag$y4 ,x rema9s !n1 t ! prop] place ( ! lyre 01 :]e "o %\ld naturally look = x1 9 ! songs ( ! *orus2 b we ne$ n g fur!r ?an ?is v passage = a pro(4 ,x is unque/ionable1 t ! poet is "h speak+ ( ! *orus only2 ! foll[+ l9es n admitt+ any o!r possible int]pretation4 ,by ,fidibus !n is necess>ily und]/ood ! in/rum5t peculi>ly us$ 9 x4 ,n t x ne$ be said t ! ,tibia 0 nev] us$ 9 ! *orus4 ,! contr>y seems express$ 9 a passage ( ,s5eca1 ,ep4 lxxxiv4 & 9 ,julius ,pollux l4 iv4 #ae4 #ajg4 ',tis suffici5t1 if ! lyre 0 us$ solely1 or pr9cipally 9 x1 at ?is "t4 ,9 ?is view1 ! :ole digression is m p]t95t & connects bett]4 ,! poet _h be=e be5 speak+ ( trag$y4 ,all 8 directions1 f l4 #ajj4 respect ?is species ( ! drama only4 ,! application ( :at he _h said conc]n+ music1 is !n mo/ naturally made1 #a4 to ! ,tibia1 ! music ( ! acts2 &1 #b4 to ,fides1 t ( ! *oir3 ?us conf9+ himself1 z ! t5or ( ?is "p requir$1 to trag$y only4 ,h5ce is se5 ! mi/ake1 n only ( ,m4 ,daci]1 ^: comm5t is 9 e view insupportable2 b1 z 0 h9t$1 ( ,he9sius1 ,lamb91 & o!rs1 :o1 ) m probability1 expla9$ ?is ( ! ,roman com$y & trag$y4 ,= ?\gh ,tibia might be all[$ to /& = com$y1 z oppos$ to ,tragdia1 z 9 fact1 we f9d x 9 l4 ii4 ,ep4 #a4 #ih4 t be+ ! only in/rum5t employ$ 9 x2 yet1 9 speak+ expresly ( ! music ( ! /age1 ,fides c\ld n det]m9ately en\gh1 & 9 contradi/9ction to ,tibia1 d5ote t ( trag$y1 x be+ an in/rum5t us$ solely1 or pr9cipally 9 ! *orus2 ( :i*1 ! context %ews1 he alone speaks4 ,x is fur!r to be obs]v$1 t1 9 ! application "h made1 besides ! music1 ! poet takes 9 ! o!r improvem5ts ( ! tragic *orus1 ^! happ5+1 z f ! nature ( ! ?+ !y w\ld d1 at ! same "t4 99 99 99 99 99 #bad4 ,,sic ,,priscae ,,motumque ,,et ,,luxuriem4 ,^! two words are employ$ to express t quick] movem5t1 & ri*] modulation ( ! new music2 ! peculi> defects ( ! old be+1 #a4 ,t x mov$ too sl[ly1 &1 #b4 ,t x _h no compass or v>iety ( notes4 ,x 0 t movem5t1 t velocity & vehem5ce ( ! music1 :i* ,roscius requir$ to h slack5$ 9 8 old age4 99 99 99 99 99 #bae4 ,,traxitque ,,vagus ,,p] ,,pulpita ,,ve/em4 ,?is expresses n only ! improvem5t aris+ f ! ornam5t ( prop] dresses1 b f ! grace ( motion3 n only ! actor1 ^: peculi> (fice x 01 b ! m9/rel himself1 z appe>s f h5ce1 con=m+ 8 ge/ure 9 "s sort to ! music4 ,( ! use & propriety ( ^! ge/ures1 or dances1 x w n be easy = u1 :o see no su* ?+s attempt$ on ! mod]n /age1 to =m any v cle> or exact notions4 ,:at we _c d\bt ( is1 #a4 ,t ! sev]al !atrical dances ( ! anci5ts 7 /rictly con=mable to ! g5ius ( ! diff]5t species ( composition1 to :i* !y 7 appli$4 #b4 ,t1 !re=e1 ! tragic dance1 :i* m especially accompani$ ! *orus1 mu/ h be5 expressive ( ! highe/ gravity & decorum1 t5d+ to inspire ideas ( :at is becom+1 graceful1 & maje/ic2 9 :i* view we _c b p]ceive ! important assi/ance x mu/ ne$s l5d to virtue1 & h[ greatly x mu/ contribute to set all h] graces & attractions 9 ! faire/ light4 #c4 ,?is idea ( ! anci5t tragic dance1 is n solely =m$ ^u our k ( ! con=mity1 be=em5tion$2 b is fur!r collect$ f ! "n1 usually giv5 to x1 :i* 0 4 ,?is ^w _c well be translat$ into our language2 b expresses all t grace & conc9nity ( motion1 :i* ! dignity ( ! *oral song requir$4 #d4 ,la/ly1 x mu/ give u a v high notion ( ! moral effect ( ?is dance1 :5 we f9d ! sev]e ,plato admitt+ x into 8 commonweal?4 99 99 99 99 99 #baf4 ,,sic ,,etiam ,,fidibus ,,voces1 c4 ,he is "h speak+ ( ! great improvem5t 9 ! tragic *orus1 aft] ! ,roman conque/s1 :5 ! ,lat9 writ]s began to enquire ,quid ,sophocles et ,!spis et s*ylus utile f]r5t4 ,?is improvem5t consi/$1 #a4 ,9 a m in/ructive moral s5tim5t3 #b4 ,9 a m sublime & animat$ expression2 :i* ( c\rse produc$1 #c4 ,a great] vehem5ce 9 ! declamation3 to :i* con=m$1 #d4 ,a m num]\s & rapid music4 ,all ^! p>ticul>s are "h express$1 b1 z ! reason ( ! ?+ requir$1 9 an inv]t$ ord]4 ,! music ( ! lyre 7t be+ 8 subject1 & introduc+ ! re/7 be+ plac$ fir/2 ! declamation1 z att5d+ t1 next2 ! language1 facundia1 t is1 ! subject ( ! declamation1 next2 & ! s5tim5t1 s5t5tia1 ! gr\nd & basis ( ! language1 la/4 ,et tulit eloquium insolitum facundia prceps4 lit]ally1 8,a vehem5ce & rapidity ( language produc$ an unusual vehem5ce & rapidity ( elocution 9 ! declaim]60 ,?is 8rapidity ( language10 is exactly ! same1 z t ,cic]o speaks ( 9 ,democritus & ,plato1 ,orat4 #fch4 ,elz4 :i*1 because ( its quick & rapid movem5t1 quod incitatius f]atur1 "s critics ?\ght to be poetical4 ,unaccu/om$1 we may obs]ve1 is indiff]5tly a c5sure or encomium1 accord+ z ! prec$+ /ate ( ! ?+ spok5 ( 0 wrong1 or "r4 ,mu* ! same may be conclud$ ( prceps2 its lit]al s5se is a degree ( motion 9 any ?+ above :at x _h be=e4 ,?is may be excessive1 or o!rwise1 z x *ances3 ,:5 appli$ to ! bleak ,ea/ w9d1 disp]s+ a flight ( bees1 & da%+ !m on ! /ream1 si =te morantes ,sp>s]it1 aut prceps ,neptuno imm]s]it ,eurus4 ,virg4 ,georg4 iv4 #bi4 ! epi!t implies excess2 b :5 spok5 ( ! g5tle ,s\?1 ^: /ronge/ gale is b suffici5t to drive ! will+ %ip to port1 n4 vii4 #daj4 ,prcipiti delata ,noto1 x !n only expresses due measure4 ,z = ! criticism f ,qu9tilian1 :o opposes prcipitia to sublimibus1 x is d\bly imp]t95t3 #a4 ,z ! s5se is necess>ily fix$ by its opposition to sublimibus3 & #b4 ,z ! ^w is "h us$1 n z imply+ motion1 b height1 9 :i* view its s5se is absolute1 & always d5otes excess4 99 99 99 99 99 #bah4 ,,utiliumque ,,sagax ,,r]um1 ,,et ,,div9a ,,futuri1 ,,sortilegis ,,non ,,discrepuit ,,s5t5tia ,,delphis4 ,x is amaz+ t ^! two l9es %\ld ev] h be5 misund]/ood z a c5sure1 ! import ( !m be+ highly encomia/ic1 yet ) great exactness decl>+ ! specific boa/ & excell5ce ( ! *orus2 :i* lay1 z ,he9sius ha? well obs]v$1 #a4 ,9 inculcat+ important moral lessons2 & #b4 ,9 deliv]+ useful presages & monitions conc]n+ future conduct1 ) an almo/ oracul> prud5ce & au?ority4 ,,sic ,,priscae -- -- -- -- ,,arti4 ,:at ha? *iefly misl$ ! ,critics 9 _! explanation ( ?is place1 ,i suspect to h be5 ! frequ5t encomiums on ! sev]ity ( ! anci5t music1 by ! ,greek & ,lat9 writ]s4 ,?\gh "h !y seem to h ov]look$ two v mat]ial consid]ations3 #a4 ,t ! =m] h *iefly treat$ ! subject 9 a moral or political view1 & !re=e pref]r$ ! anci5t music only z x 0 conceiv$ to influ5ce ! public mann]s4 ,= ?is reason ,plato1 "o ( ! *ief ( ^? encomia/s1 applauds1 z we f9d1 ! practice ( gypt1 9 suff]+ no *ange ( h] poetry1 b cont9u+1 to 8 "t1 h] fondness = ! ,songs ( ,isis ,de ,leg4 l4 ii4 sub4 init4 :i* j z mu* inf]s ! p]fection ( ^? songs1 consid]$ 9 a critical view1 z ,rome's /ick+ to h] ,sali> v]ses w\ld h %ewn ^? poor1 obscure orisons to h exce$$ ! regul> odes & artificial compositions ( ,horace4 ,& x 0 ?is k9d ( criticism :i*1 z ,i suppose1 ! poet int5d$ to expose 9 ! fam\s v]ses1 :i* ,i expla9 9 note on v4 #bjb4 #b4 ,t ! latt]1 ! pr9cipal ( !m at lea/1 :o talk 9 ! same /ra91 liv$ "u ! ,emp]ors2 9 ^: "t1 inde$1 music _h und]gone a mis]able pro/itution1 be+ brok51 z "o ( ! be/ ( ^? writ]s compla9s1 into an effem9ate & impure delicacy--,9 sc5is effem9ata et impudicis modis fracta1 ,qu9t4 ,i4 l4 x4 ,z to ! times 9 "q1 ,i "k b ( "o passage1 :i* cle>ly & expresly condemns ! music !n 9 vogue2 & t w admit ( "s alleviation f its be+ f\nd 9 a treatise conc]n+ laws4 ,! passage ,i mean is 9 ,cic]o1 ,de ,leg4 l4 ii4 #ae4 :o1 foll[+ ,plato 9 8 high-fl[n pr9ciples ( legislation1 exclames1 ,illa qu solebant quondam compl]i sev]itate jucunda ,livianis et ,nvianis modis2 nunc ut eadem exult5t1 c]vices oculosque p>it] eum ,,modorum ,,flexionibus torqueant6 ,= ! sev]itas jucunda ( ! music1 to :i* ,livius's plays 7 set1 x may be tol]ably guess$ f h5ce1 t he 0 ! fir/ :o br\ght a writt5 ,play ^u ! /age2 i4 e4 ! fir/ writ] ^: plays 7 act$ to a regul> & precompos$ music4 ,& x is n1 we "k1 v usual = ! fir/ essays 9 any art to be p]fect4 ,x %\ld seem !n1 t ! flexiones modorum1 z oppos$ to ! pla9ness ( ! old music1 are "h condemn$1 n s mu* 9 ! view ( a critic1 e/imat+ ! true /ate ( ! /age2 b1 z 0 h9t$1 ( a legislator1 tread+ 9 ! /eps ( ,plato4 ,?\gh inde$ ,i h no d\bt1 t ! music 9 ^? times 0 mu* *ang$1 & _h ev5 suff]$ "s degree ( corruption4 ,?is ,i inf]1 n s mu* f any express au?orities t h occurr$1 z f ! g5]al /ate ( ^? times1 :i* 7 deg5]at+ apace into ! wor/ morals1 ! sure =e-runn]s ( a corrupt & vitiat$ music2 =1 ?\gh x may inde$1 9 its turn1 & d\btless does1 :5 e/abli%$1 contribute mu* to help on ! public depravity1 yet t depravity itself is orig9ally n ! effect1 b ! cause ( a bad music2 z is m ?an h9t$ to be ,cic]o's real op9ion 9 ! place ref]r$ to1 :]e1 obs]v+ t ! mann]s ( _m ,greek /ates _h kept pace ) _! music1 he adds1 t !y _h und]gone ?is *ange1 ,aut hac dulc$9e corruptelaque depravati1 ut quidam putant2 aut cum sev]itas eorum ob alia vitia cecidisset1 tum fuit 9 auribus animisque mutatis etiam huic mutationi locus4 ,leg4 ii4 #ae4 ,b be ?is z x w1 ,horace1 z we h se51 is no way conc]n$ 9 ! dispute ab\t ! anci5t music4 99 99 99 99 99 #bai4 ,,s5t5tia ,,delphis4 ,s5t5tia is prop]ly an aphorism tak5 f life1 briefly repres5t+ ei!r :at is1 or :at ought to be ! conduct ( x3 ,oratio sumpta de vita1 qu aut quid sit1 aut quid esse oporteat1 9 vita1 brevit] o/5dit4 ,ad ,h]5n4 ,rhet4 l4 iv4 ,^! aphorisms are "h m5tion$1 z con/itut+ ! peculi> praise & beauty ( ! *orus4 ,?is is f9ely obs]v$1 & 0 int5d$ to convey an oblique c5sure on ! practice ( ^? poets1 :o /uff out e "p ( ! drama alike ) moral s5t5ces1 n consid]+1 t ! only prop] receptacle ( !m is ! *orus1 :]e inde$ !y h an extreme propriety2 x be+ ! peculi> (fice & "* ( ! *orus to moralize4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! action !y %\ld r>ely be us$2 & t = ! pla9 reason assign$ by ! au?or1 j quot$1 = ! rule holds on ! /age1 z well z at ! b> ,ut rei actores1 non viv5di prceptores1 esse videamur4 ,t !re 0 "s gr\nd = ?is repro( ( ! ,roman drama1 is collect$ f ! few rema9+ fragm5ts ( ! old ,lat9 plays1 :i* h mu* ( ?is s5t5ti\s ca/1 & f :at ,qu9tilian expresly tells u ( ! old ,lat9 poets1 ^: fame1 x seems1 0 pr9cipally rais$ ^u ?is m]it4 ,tragdi scriptores1 ,accius et ,pacuvius1 cl>issimi gravitate s5t5ti>um1 c4 l4 x4 c4 #a4 ,to h[ intol]able an extreme ?is hum\r ( moraliz+ 9 plays 0 aft]w>ds c>ri$1 ,s5eca has giv5 u an example4 ,b "h a "q w be />t$1 8,:y !n did ! ,greeks moralize s mu*1 or1 if we condemn ,accius & ,s5eca1 h[ %all we def5d ,sophocles & ,euripides80 ,an +5i\s#ah mod]n ha? tak5 "s pa9s to satisfy ?is difficulty1 & 9 "p1 ,i ?9k1 ha? succe$$4 ,8 solution1 9 brief1 is1 8,t ! moral & political aphorisms ( ! ,greek /age g5]ally conta9$ "s apt & int]e/+ allusion to ! /ate ( public affairs1 :i* 0 easily cat*$ by a quick1 intellig5t auditory2 & n a dry1 affect$ moral1 )\t fur!r mean+1 z = ! mo/ "p 0 t ( ! ,lat9s40 ,?is acc\nt is n a little confirm$ by p>ticul> in/ances ( su* ackn[l$g$ allusions1 z well z f reflexions on ! g5ius & gov]nm5t ( ! ,a!nians1 at l>ge4 ,b ?is1 ?\gh x goes "s way1 does n fully extricate ! matt]4 ,! tru? is1 ^! s5t5ces are too ?ick s[n 9 ! ,greek writ]s1 to be fully acc\nt$ = f ! s+le consid]ation ( _! democratical views4 ,n to obs]ve1 t ! v *oice ( ?is m$ium = ! conveyance ( _! political applications1 presupposes ! prior ackn[l$g$ use & au?ority ( x4 ,i w\ld !n acc\nt = x 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,i4 ,9 ! virtu\s simplicity ( less poli%$ times1 ?is _s ( moraliz+ is v preval5t2 ! good s5se ( su* p always delight+ to %ew itself 9 s5t5ti\s or prov]bial 1 or obs]vations4 ,_! "*1 l t ( ! cl[n 9 ,%akespe>1 is to be v swift & s5t5ti\s4 ,z y l x1 ,act v4 sc4 #a4 ,?is is obvi\s to common exp]i5ce1 & 0 long s9ce obs]v$ by ! philosoph]1 1 1 ,ari/4 ,rhet4 l4 ii4 c4 #ba4 an obs]vation1 :i* ( itself acc\nts = ! practice ( ! eld] poets 9 ,greece1 z 9 all o!r nations4 ,a cu/om1 ?us introduc$1 is n easily laid aside1 especially :5 ! oracul> ca/ ( ^! s5t5ces1 s fitt$ to /rike1 & ! moral views ( writ]s !mselves 7:i* 0 m p>ticul>ly true ( ! old dramati/s7 concurr$ to fav\r ?is ta/e4 ,b1 #b4 !re 0 add$ to ?is1 m especially 9 ! age ( ,sophocles & ,euripides1 a g5]al prevail+ fondness = moral wisdom1 :i* seems to h made ! fa%ionable /udy ( m5 ( all ranks 9 ^? days2 :5 s*ools ( philosophy 7 resort$ to = recreation z well z in/ruction1 & a k 9 morals 0 ! supreme accompli%m5t 9 vogue3 ,! fruit ( ^! philosophical conf]5ces w\ld naturally %ew itself 9 c]ta9 brief1 s5t5ti\s conclusions1 :i* w\ld nei!r contradict ! fa%ion1 nor1 x seems1 (f5d aga9/ ! ease & gaiety ( conv]sation 9 ^? times4 ,s*ools & p$antry1 morals & au/]ity1 7 n s ess5tially connect$1 9 _! comb9ations ( ideas1 z !y h be5 s9ce2 & a s5sible moral tru? might h fall5 f any m\?1 )\t disgrac+ x4 ,nay1 :i* is v rem>kable1 ! v s*olia1 z !y 7 call$1 or dr9k+ cat*es ( ! ,greeks1 7 season$ ) ?is moral turn2 ! sallies ( pleasantry1 :i* escap$ !m 9 _! free/ h\rs1 be+ temp]$ = ! mo/ "p1 by "s /rokes ( ?is national sobriety4 8,dur+ ! c\rse ( _! ent]ta9m5ts1 says ,a!nu1 l4 xv4 c4 #ad4 !y lov$ to he>1 f "s wise & prud5t p]son1 an agreeable song3 & ^? songs 7 held by !m mo/ agreeable1 :i* conta9$ exhortations to virtue1 or o!r in/ructions relative to _! conduct 9 life40 ,& to give ! read] a ta/e ( ^! moral songs1 ,i w take leave to pres5t him ) a v f9e "o1 writt5 by no less a p]son ?an ,ari/otle himself2 & ! r1 z ,i h x 9 my p[] to pres5t him1 at ! same "t1 ) an elegant translation ( x4 ,b its be/ recomm5dation w be t x comes f ! same h& :i* has s agreeably ent]ta9$ u ( late ) "s spirit$ imitations ( ,horace#ai4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 ' 4 ' ' ' 1 4 ' ' 4 1 1 1 #bj4 ,i4 ,hail1 ,virtue6 ,goddess6 sov'reign ,good1 ,by man's bold race ) pa9 pursu'd6 ,:]e'er ?\ d>t'/ ?y radiant eye1 ,greece sees h] sons ) transport fly2 ,dang] be=e !e disappe>s1 ,& dea?'s d>k fr[n no t]ror we>s4 ,,ii4 ,s full into ! brea/ ( man desc5ds ,?y ri* ambrosial %['r2 ,a %['r1 t gold1 t p>5ts f> transc5ds1 ,or1 sleep's s(t-soo?+ p['r4 ,,iii4 ,by !e ,,alcides so>'d to fame1 ,?y influ5ce ,,l$a',s tw9s proclaim2 ,h]oes = !e h dauntless trod ,! dre>y pa?s ( hell's abode2 ,fir'd by ?y =m1 all beamy bright1 ,at>neus' nursl+ left ! light4 ,,iv4 ,8 de$s1 8 social love 7s w ! n9e1 ,pr\d to spread wide ! praise ,( fri5d%ip & ( fri5dly ,jove7 %all %9e ,) ev]-liv+ rays4 ,?is moraliz+ hum\r1 s preval5t 9 ^? times1 is1 ,i d>e be confid5t1 ! true s\rce ( ! s5t5ti\s ca/ ( ! ,greek dramatic writ]s1 z well z ( t sob] air ( moral1 :i*1 to ! no small disgu/ ( mod]n writ]s1 is spread ov] all _! poets4 ,n b !re w\ld be "s diff]5ce 9 ^? poets !mselves1 & 9 proportion z !y _h be5 m or less conv]sant 9 ! ,academy1 w\ld be _! reli% ( ?is moral mode2 z is cle>ly se5 9 ! case ( ,euripides1 t philosoph] ( ! /age1 z ! ,a!nians call$ him1 & :o is *>act]iz$ by ,qu9ctilian1 z s5t5tiis d5sus1 et 9 iis1 qu a sapi5tibus tradita sunt1 pne ipsis p>4 ,l4 x4 c4 #a4 ,yet /ill ! fa%ion 0 s g5]al1 t no comm]ce ( ! _w c\ld avoid1 or :olly get cle> ( x2 & !re=e ,sophocles1 ?\gh 8 engagem5ts 9 ! /ate kept him at a great] di/ance f ! s*ools1 _h yet 8 %>e ( ?is philosophical hum\r4 ,n[ ?is apology = ! practice ( ! ,greek poets do? by no means ext5d to ! ,roman2 ,philosophy hav+ be5 v late1 & nev] g5]ally1 ! ta/e ( ,rome4 ,cic]o says1 ,philosophia quidem tantum abe/ ut pro9de1 ac de hom9um e/ vit m]ita1 laudetur1 ut a pl]isque neglecta1 a multis etiam vitup]etur4 ,9 ano!r place he tells u1 t 9 8 "t ,ari/otle 0 n mu* kn[n1 or read1 ev5 by ! philosoph]s !mselves4 ,cic4 ,top4 sub init4 ,&1 ?\gh 9 ! age ( ,s5eca1 ,s5t5ces1 we "k1 7 mu* 9 use1 yet ! ca/ & turn ( !m evid5tly %ew !m to h be5 ! affectation ( ! lett]$ few1 & n ! g5]al mode & practice ( ! "t4 ,= ! qua9tness1 9 :i* ,s5eca's aphorisms are dress$1 manife/ly speaks ! lab\r & artifice ( ! closet1 & is j ! rev]se ( t easy1 simple expression1 :i* cloa?s !m 9 ! ,greek poets1 ?us demon/rat+ _! famili> curr5cy 9 common life4 ,"u any o!r circum/ances ?an ^!1 ! practice1 z 0 obs]v$1 mu/ be unque/ionably faulty2 except only 9 ! *orus1 :]e = ! reason be=e giv51 x may always1 ) good advantage1 be employ$4 99 99 99 99 99 #bbj4 ,,c>m9e ,,qui ,,tragico1 c4 ,! connexion ) v4 #bja1 f :5ce ! poet _h digress$1 is wor? obs]v+4 ,! digression _h be5 tak5 up 9 describ+ ! improv$ /ate ( dramatic music2 ! application ( :i* to ! case ( trag$y1 br+s him r\nd aga9 to 8 subject1 ! tragic *orus2 to :i* alone1 z ha? be5 obs]v$1 ! two la/ l9es ref]4 ,?is too is ! f9e/ prep>ation ( :at foll[s4 ,= to h pass$ on directly f ! tibia to ! satyrs1 _h be5 abrupt & in>tificial2 b f trag$y1 ! transition is easy1 ! satyrs be+ a species ( ! tragic drama4 ,t x 0 s acc\nt$ may be se5 f ! foll[+ passage 9 ,ovid1 ,e/ et 9 obscnos deflexa tragdia risus1 ,multaque prt]iti v]ba pudoris habet4 ,tri/4 l4 ii4 v4 #dji4 ,= ! trag$y1 "h ref]r$ to1 _c be ! regul> ,roman trag$y4 ,t he _h di/9ctly consid]$ be=e1 &1 besides1 x 9 no age admitt$1 mu* less 9 ?is1 ( :i* we are speak+1 s intol]able a mixture4 ,z little c x be und]/ood ( ! prop] ,atellane fable1 = besides t ,ovid is "h consid]+ ! ,greek drama only1 ! ,atellane 0 ev] reg>d$ z a species1 n ( trag$y1 b com$y3 ,! au?ority ( ,donatus is v express2 8,comdi>um =m sunt tres3 ,palliat1 ,togat1 ,atellan1 salibus et jocis composit1 qu 9 se non hab5t nisi vetu/am elegantiam40 ,prol4 9 ,t]5t4 ,& ,a!nu l4 vi4 speak+ ( "s pieces ( ?is sort1 :i* ,l4 ,sylla _h compos$1 calls !m 1 satyric com$ies2 com$ies1 because1 ss ,donatus says1 8salibus et jocis composit30 & satyric1 n t satyrs 7 introduc$ 9 !m1 b1 accord+ to ,diom$es1 f _! be+ 8argum5tis dictisque similes satyricis fabulis ,grcis40 ,( :at !n c ,ovid be und]/ood to speak1 b ! true satyric piece1 :i* 0 always e/eem$1 &1 z appe>s f ! ,cyclops1 9 fact is1 :at ,demetrius elegantly calls x1 1 a light] k9d ( trag$y2 ! v "n1 :i* ,horace1 z well z ,ovid 9 ?is place1 gives to x8 ,b ?is is fur!r cle> f ! in/ance quot$ by ,ovid1 ( ?is loose trag$y2 = he proce$s3 ,nec nocet autori1 mollem qui fecit ,a*illem1 ,infregisse suis =tia facta modis4 :i* well agrees to ! idea ( a satyric piece1 &1 z ,vossius takes notice1 seems to be ! v same subject1 :i* ,a!nu & o!rs tell u1 ,sophocles _h "w'd into a satyric trag$y1 "u ! title ( 4 99 99 99 99 99 #bba4 ,,mox ,,etiam1 c4 ,x is n ! int5tion ( ^! notes to retail ! acc\nts ( o!rs4 ,i mu/ !re=e ref] ! read]1 = :atev] conc]ns ! hi/ory ( ! satyric1 z ,i h hi!rto done1 ( ! tragic1 & comic drama1 to ! num]\s diss]tators on ! anci5t /age2 & above all1 9 ! case be=e u1 to ! le>n$ ,casaubon2 f :om all t ha? be5 said to any purpose1 by mod]n writ]s1 ha? be5 tak54 ,only x w be prop] to obs]ve "o or two p>ticul>s1 :i* h be5 greatly misund]/ood1 & )\t :i* x w be impossible1 9 any tol]able mann]1 to explane :at foll[s4 ,i4 ,! design ( ! poet1 9 ^! l9es1 is n to fix ! orig9 ( ! satyric piece1 9 ascrib+ ! inv5tion ( x to ,!spis4 ,?is ha? be5 conclud$1 )\t ! lea/ w>rant f 8 own words1 :i* b>ely tell u1 8t ! ,repres5tation ( trag$y 0 9 eld] ,greece1 foll[$ by ! satyrs20 & inde$ ! nature ( ! ?+1 z well z ! te/imony ( all antiquity1 %ews x to be impossible4 ,= ! satyr "h spok5 (1 is1 9 all respects1 a regul> drama1 & !re=e c\ld n be ( e>li] date1 ?an ! times ( s*ylus1 :5 ! con/itution ( ! drama 0 fir/ =m$4 ',tis true inde$1 !re 0 a k9d ( ent]ta9m5t ( mu* great] antiquity1 :i* by ! anci5ts is sometimes call$ satyric1 out ( :i* 7z ,ari/otle assures u7 trag$y itself arose1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 ,b !n ?is 0 no?+ b a *orus ( satyrs ,a!nu1 l4 xiv4 celebrat+ ! fe/ivals ( ,bac*us1 ) rude songs1 & unc\? dances2 & _h little resemblance to t1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds call$ satyric2 :i*1 except t x reta9$ ! *orus ( satyrs1 & turn$ ^u "s subject relative to ,bac*us1 0 ( a q diff]5t /ructure1 &1 9 e respect1 z regul> a composition1 z trag$y itself4 ,,ii4 ,!re is no d\bt b ! poem1 "h di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,,satyri1 0 9 actual use on ! ,roman /age4 ,?is appe>s f ! turn ( ! poet's :ole criticism ^u x4 ,p>ticul>ly1 8 address to ! ,pisos1 v4 #bce4 & 8 obs]vation ( ! (f5ce :i* a loose dialogue 9 ?is drama w\ld give to a ,roman auditory1 v4 #bdh4 make x evid5t t he _h1 9 fact1 ! practice ( 8 own /age 9 view4 ,x ha?1 h[ev]1 be5 que/ion$1 :e!r by ,satyri we are to und]/& ! prop] ,greek ,satyrs1 or ! ,lat9 ,atellane fable1 :i*1 9 ! ma9 ( its "*1 v mu* resembl$ t drama4 ,if ! au?ority ( ,diom$es be any ?+1 ! =m] mu/ be ! tru?1 = he expresly ass]ts1 8t ! ,satyric & ,atellane pieces1 ?\gh simil> 9 ! g5]al ca/ ( _! composition1 diff]$ 9 ?is ess5tial po9t1 t ! p]sons 9 ! =m] 7 satyrs1 9 ! o!r1 n40 ,l4 iii4 c4 ,de pom4 g54 ,n[ ! poet expresly tells u1 ! ,p]sons 9 ! drama he is "h describ+1 7 ,satyrs1 & accord+ly deliv]s rules = ! regulation ( _! *>act]s4 ,z to ! ,atellane1 accord+ to ! way 9 :i* ,vossius reads ! words ( ,diom$es1 ! *>act]s 7 ,oscan1 p]son ,osc1 :i* is v probable1 n s mu* = ! reasons assign'd by ?is ,critic 7= !y are inde$ v frivol\s7 b because1 z x %\ld seem f a passage 9 ,/rabo1 ,lib4 v4 #bcc4 ! language ( ! ,,osci 0 us$ 9 ^! ,atellanes1 & !re=e common s5se w\ld require1 t ! p]sons also introduc$ %\ld be ,oscan4 ,! difficulty is to "k h[ x happ5$ t1 9 a "w writt5 purposely to re=m ! ,roman /age1 ! poet %\ld say no?+ ( "o species1 ! ,atellane1 :i* 0 ( great au?ority & con/ant use at ,rome1 & yet say s mu* ( ano!r1 ! ,satyrs1 :i* 0 prop]ly a ,greek ent]ta9m5t & c]ta9ly mu* less cultivat$ by ! ,roman poets4 ,! pla9 solution ( ! matt]1 is1 t1 :5 n[ ! ,romans 7 become acqua9t$ ) ! ,greek models1 & _h appli$ !mselves to ! imitation ( !m1 ^! ,oscan *>act]s 7 ex*ang$ = ! ,greek satyrs1 :i* !y be=e resembl$ 9 ! ma9 p>ts ( _! "*2 & :i* appe>1 on o!r occasions1 to h be5 no /rang]s at ,rome2 z we collect f ! ,sil5i & ,satyrs mak+ a "p 7z ,dionysius relates x7 9 _! triumphal processions4 ,s t ?is *ange ( ! ,oscan p]sons = ,satyrs is to be consid]$ only z an improvem5t ( ! old ,atellane1 & n ! introduction ( an intirely new drama4 ,9 e o!r respect ! precepts "h giv5 = ! regulation ( ! ,satyrs are su* z w\ld equally s]ve to improve ! ,atellane4 ,! probable reason :y ! poet *ose to insi/ s mu* on ?is alt]ation1 or r :y he lab\r$ s /r5u\sly to support x1 w be giv5 9 its place4 ,9 ! mean "t suppos+ 8 view to h be5 ?is ( c\nt5anc+ ! introduction ( satyric p]sons into ! ,atellane 7& t !y 71 9 fact1 introduc$1 we le>n f an express au?ority#ba7 e ?+ said on ! subject w n only be p]t95t & agreeable to :at is "h taught to be ! g5]al t5or ( ! epi/le1 b w be se5 to h an address & contrivance1 :i* w v mu* illu/rate ?is :ole "p1 & recomm5d x to ! exact read]4 ,b be=e ,i quit ?is subject ( ! ,atellane fable x w be prop] to obs]ve1 ,t :5 ,i e :]e speak ( x1 z ( e>ly orig9al1 & anci5t use on ! ,roman /age1 ,i am n unm9dful t ,velleius ,pat]culus speaks ( ,pomponius z ! ,inv5tor ( ?is ,poem2 :i*1 if tak5 9 ! /rict s5se1 w br+ ! date ( x v l[4 8,sane non ignoremus edem tate fuisse ,pomponium1 s5sibus celebrem1 v]bis rudem1 et novitate inv5ti a se op]is comm5dabilem40 ,l4 ii4 c4 ix4 ,= ! age he is speak+ ( is t ( ,,sylla4 ,b ! au?orities = ! high antiquity ( ! ,atellane fable are s express1 t1 :5 ,pomponius is call$ ! ,inv5tor ( x1 x is b z ,horace calls ,lucilius ! ,inv5tor ( ! ,roman ,satire4 ,t is1 he made s consid]able a *ange 9 ! =m & conduct ( ?is poem1 z to run away ) all ! hon\r ( x4 ,! improvem5ts made by ,lucilius 9 ,satire h be5 tak5 notice ( 9 ! ,introduction4 ,& x happ5s t a curi\s passage 9 ,a!nu w let u into ! ,improvem5ts made by ,pomponius 9 ! ,atellanes4 ,b fir/ we are to und]/& t ?is sort ( ent]ta9m5t1 z ! "n speaks1 0 import$ to ,rome f ,,atella1 a t[n ( ! ,,osci 9 ,campania2 & t ! ,dialect ( t p 0 con/antly & only us$ 9 x1 ev5 :5 ! ,osci !mselves _h ceas$ to be a p4 ,?is we le>n f ,/rabo4 1 4 ,l4 v4 #bcc4 ,! ,,oscan language1 we see1 0 made use ( 9 ! ,atellane plays1 j z ! ,wel%1 or "s ,prov9cial ,dialect1 is (t5 employ$ 9 our ,com$ies4 ,b n[ we le>n f ,a!nu t ,l4 ,sylla writ "s ( ^! ,atellanes 9 ! ,,roman ,,language4 ' 4 ,l4 vi4 p4 #bfa4 ,ed4 ,casaub4 ,! difficulty !n cle>s up4 ,= ! ,pomponius :om ,velleius speaks ( 0 contempor>y ) ,l4 ,sylla4 ,s t to give any propriety to ! t]m ( ,inv5tor1 z appli$ to ,pomponius1 we mu/ conclude t he 0 ! fir/ p]son :o set ?is example ( compos+ ,atellane plays 9 ! vulg> dialect3 :i* took s mu* t he 0 ev5 foll[$ 9 ?is practice by ! ,roman ,g5]al4 ,?is acc\nt ( ! matt] p]fectly suits ) ! encomium giv5 to ,pomponius4 ,he w\ld naturally1 on su* an alt]ation1 endeav\r to give ?is buffoon sort ( ,com$y a m rational ca/3 ,& ?is re=m ( itself w\ld entitle him to great hon\r4 ,h5ce ! ,,s5sibus ,,celebris ( ,pat]culus#bb4 ,b to pres]ve "s sort ( resemblance 7:i* ! p w\ld look =7 to ! old ,atellane1 & n to /rip x ( all ! pleasantry aris+ f ! b>b>\s dialect1 he affect$1 x seems1 ! antique 9 ! turn ( 8 expression4 ,h5ce ! o!r "p ( 8 "* 7:i* 9 ! polit] age ( ,pat]culus grew (f5sive to nice judges7 ,,v]bis ,,rudis4 ,! conclusion is1 ,t ! ,atellane ,fable 0 9 its fir/ rude =m & ,oscan ,dialect ( anci5t use at ,rome1 :]e x 0 admitt$1 z ,/rabo speaks1 3 ,t ,pomponius aft]w>ds re=m$ its b>b>ities1 & br\ght x on ! ,/age 9 a ,roman dress2 :i* toge!r 7 ?\ght s great improvem5ts1 t lat] writ]s speak ( him z ! ,,inv5tor ( ?is ,poem4 ,b to return to our prop] subject1 ! ,greek ,satyrs4 ,,iii4 ,= ! absolute m]it ( ^! satyrs1 ! read] w judge ( x himself by comp>+ ! ,cyclops1 ! only piece ( ?is k9d rema9+ to u f antiquity1 ) ! rules "h deliv]$ by ,horace4 ,only x may be obs]v$1 9 addition to :at ! read] w f9d else:]e n4 v4 #bbc4 apologiz$ 9 its fav\r1 t ! d\ble "* ( ! satyrs admirably fitt$ x1 z well = a s5sible ent]ta9m5t to ! wise1 z = ! sport & div]sion ( ! vulg>4 ,= :ile ! grotesque appe>ance1 & je/+ ve9 ( ^! fanta/ic p]sonages amus$ ! "o2 ! o!r saw mu* fur!r2 & consid]$ !m1 at ! same "t1 z replete ) sci5ce1 & in=m$ by a _s ( ! mo/ ab/ruse wisdom4 ,h5ce important lessons ( civil prud5ce1 int]e/+ allusions to public affairs1 or a high1 ref9$ moral1 might1 ) ! highe/ probability1 be ins9uat$1 "u ! slight cov] ( a ru/ic simplicity4 ,& f ?is in/ructive ca/1 :i* f its nature mu/ be v obscure1 if n imp5etrable1 to u at ?is day1 01 ,i d\bt n1 d]iv$ ! pr9cipal pleasure :i* ! anci5ts f\nd 9 ?is species ( ! drama4 ,if ! mod]n read] w\ld conceive any ?+ ( ! nature & degree ( ?is pleasure1 he may 9 "p guess at x1 f reflect+ on ! ent]ta9m5t he himself receives f ! *>act]s ( ! cl[ns 9 ,%akespe>2 :o1 z ! poet himself ha? *>act]iz$ !m1 use _! folly1 l a /alk+ horse1 &1 "u ! pres5tation ( t1 %oot _! wit4 ,z y l x4 99 99 99 99 99 #bba4 ,,agre/is ,,satyros1 c4 ,x ha? be5 %ewn1 t ! poet c\ld n int5d1 9 ^! l9es1 to fix ! orig9 ( ! satyric drama4 ,b1 ?\gh ?is be c]ta91 & ! dispute conc]n+ t po9t be !reby det]m9$1 yet is x to be not$1 t he purposely describes ! satyr 9 its rud] & less poli%$ =m2 glanc+ ev5 at "s b>b>ities1 :i* de=m ! ,bac*ic *orus2 :i* 0 prop]ly ! satyric piece1 be=e s*ylus _h1 by 8 regul> con/itution ( ! drama1 introduc$ x1 "u a v diff]5t =m on ! /age4 ,! reason ( ?is conduct is giv5 9 n4 on v4 #bjc4 ,h5ce ! propriety ( ! ^w nudavit1 :i* ,lamb9 rightly int]prets1 nudos introduxit ,satyros1 ! poet h]eby express+ ! mon/r\s indecorum ( ?is ent]ta9m5t 9 its fir/ unimprov$ /ate4 ,allud+ also to ?is anci5t "* ( ! ,satyr1 he calls him asp]1 i4 e4 rude & petulant2 & ev5 adds1 t 8 je/s 7 intemp]ate1 & )\t ! lea/ mixture ( gravity4 ,= ?us1 ^u ! au?ority ( a v +5i\s & le>n$ critic1 ,i explane incolumi gravitate1 i4 e4 reject+ e ?+ s]i\s1 bidd+ f>ewell1 z we say1 to all gravity4 ,?us ,l4 iii4 ,o4 #e4 ,incolumi ,jove et urbe ,roma2 i4 e4 bidd+ f>ewell to ,jupit] ,capitol9us & ,rome2 agreeably to :at is said j be=e1 ,anciliorum et nom9is et tog ,,oblitus1 t]nque ,ve/4 or1 z ,,salvus is us$ /ill m rem>kably 9 ,m>tial #aj4 l4 v4 ,ennius e/ lectus ,,salvo tibi1 ,roma1 ,m>one3 ,et sua ris]unt secula ,monidem4 ,f>ewell1 all gravity1 is z remote f ! orig9al s5se ( ! words f>e well1 z incolumi gravitate f t ( incolumis1 or salvo ,m>one f t ( salvus4 99 99 99 99 99 #bbc4 ,,inlecebris ,,erat ,,et ,,grata ,,novitate ,,mor&us ,,spectator-- ,! poet gives u 9 ^! words ! reason1 :y su* gross ,ribaldry1 z we "k ! ,atellanes consi/$ (1 0 endur$ by ! polite/ age ( ,rome4 ,sc5ical repres5tations1 be+ !n int5d$1 n1 z 9 our days1 = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! bett] sort1 b on c]ta9 great solemnities1 indiff]5tly = ! div]sion ( ! :ole city1 x became necess>y to consult ! ta/e ( ! multitude1 z well z ( ^?1 quibus e/ equus1 et pat] et res4 ,& ?is reason is surely suffici5t to v9dicate ! poet f ! c5sure ( a late critic1 :o has fall5 ^u ?is "p ( ! epi/le ) no m]cy4 8,! poet1 says he1 sp5ds a great numb] ( v]ses ab\t ^! satyrs2 b ! subject itself is unwor?y 8 p54 ,he1 :o c\ld n be> ! elegant mimes ( ,lab]ius1 t he %\ld ?9k ?is f>cical & obsc5e tra%1 wor? 8 peculi> notice1 is some:at /range40 ,i d\bt n1 x appe>$ s to ?is writ]1 :o nei!r consid]$ ! peculi> necessity ( ! satyric piece1 nor att5d$ to ! poet's purpose & drift 9 ?is epi/le4 ,! =m] is ! m extraord9>y1 because he ha? told u1 & rightly too1 8t1 to cont5t ! p1 ! satyric 0 sup]add$ to ! tragic drama40 ,& he quotes a passage f ,diom$es1 :i* gives ! same acc\nt1 ,satyros indux]unt lud5di causa joc&ique1 simul ut spectator int] res tragicas s]iasque satyrorum quoque jocis et ludis delect>etur4 ,%\ld n ?is h taught him1 t :at 0 s requisite to cont5t ! p1 might des]ve "s notice f ! poet8 ,?is f>cical tra% 0 *iefly calculat$ = ^?1 :o )\t ! enticem5t ( s agreeable a *ange 9 ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! day1 w\ld n h _h pati5ce to sit out ! trag$y2 :i* be+ int5d$ = ! gratification ( ! bett] sort1 urbani et hone/i1 !y1 9 _! turn1 requir$ to be div]t$ 9 ! only way1 :i* 0 to ! level ( _! ta/e1 t ( f>ce & pleasantry4 ,& ?is ,i d>e be confid5t1 s great a patron ( lib]ty1 z ?is writ]1 w agree ) me 9 ?9k+ to be b reasonable 9 a free /ate2 :i* ought to make "s provision = ! few1 t may *ance1 ev5 "u su* advantages1 to want a truly critical _s4 ,i hold !n1 t ,horace act$1 n only 9 ! "* ( a good critic1 b ( a prud5t man1 & good citiz51 9 attempt+ to ref9e1 :at x _h n be5 equitable1 or 0 n 9 8 p[]1 :olly to remove4 ,b #b4 ! le>n$ critic z little att5d$ to ! drift ( ! epi/le1 z to ! important use & necessity ( ! satyric drama4 ,he mu/ o!rwise h se51 t1 9 an essay to improve & regulate ! ,roman !atre 7:i* is ! sole purpose ( x7 ! poet's bus9ess 0 to take x1 z x !n /ood1 & to conf9e himself to su* defects & abuses1 z he f\nd mo/ likely to admit a correction1 & n1 z vision>y projectors use1 to propose a ?or\gh re=m ( ! public ta/e 9 e in/ance4 ,! ,atellanes _h actual possession ( ! /age1 &1 f _! antiquity1 & o!r prejudices 9 _! fav\r1 z well z f ! v design & end ( _! !atrical ent]ta9m5ts1 w\ld be sure to keep x4 ,:at _h ! poet !n1 9 ^! circum/ances1 to d b1 9 pursuance ( 8 ma9 design1 to enc\rage a re=mation ( t ent]ta9m5t1 :i* he 0 n at lib]ty absolutely1 & "u e %ape1 to reject4 ,?is he judg$ might mo/ conv5i5tly be done by adopt+ ! ,greek ,satyrs in/ead ( _! own ,oscan *>act]s4 ,) ?is *ange1 ?\gh ! ,atellanes might n1 p]haps1 be altoge!r to 8 own ta/e1 yet he hop$ to r5d] x a tol]able ent]ta9m5t to ! bett] sort4 ,& ?is1 9 fact1 x might h be5 by foll[+ ! directions "h giv52 "p ( :i* 7 int5d$ to free x f t obsc5e & f>cical tra%1 :i* appe>s to h be5 no less (f5sive to ! poet1 ?an to ?is critic4 ,z = ! s mu* applaud$ mimes1 !y _h n1 x is probable1 at ?is "t ga9$ a foot+ on ! /age1 suffici5t to entitle !m to s mu* consid]ation4 ,?is 0 a new up/>t species ( ! drama1 :i*1 ?\gh x _h ! common good-=tune ( absurd novelties1 to take ) ! great2 yet 0 g5]ally disapprov$ by m5 ( bett] ta/e1 & bett] morals4 ,cic]o _h pass$ a sev]e c5sure ^u x 9 "o ( 8 epi/les1 ,ad famil4 ix4 #af4 :i* intimates1 t x 0 ( a m buffoon & ridicul\s composition1 ?an _! ,atellanes2 ^: place x began to be ! fa%ion to supply ) ?is ribaldry4 ,& we collect ! same ?+ f :at ,ovid obs]ves ( x 9 apology = ! loos5ess ( 8 own v]ses1 ,quid si scripsissem ,,mimos obscna jocantes1 ,qui semp] vetiti crim5 amoris hab5t8 ,nec satis ince/is tem]>i vocibus aures1 ,assuescunt oculi multa pud5da pati4 ,tri/4 l4 ii4 v4 #dig4 ,horace1 ) ?is writ]'s leave1 might !re=e judge x bett] to reta9 ! ,atellanes "u "s re/rictions1 ?an adopt :at 0 mu* worse4 ,b ! mimes ( ,lab]ius 7 q ano!r ?+4 ,!y 7 all elegance4 ,s ,j4 ,scalig] ,comm5t1 de ,comd4 et ,tragd4 c4 vi4 &1 aft] him1 ?is writ]1 tells u2 b on no bett] gr\nds1 ?an t he wrote good ,lat9 7?\gh n always t1 z may be se5 9 ,a4 ,gellius1 l4 xvi4 c4 #g47 & ha? left a few elegant1 moral scraps beh9d him4 ,b :at !n8 ! k9d ( composition 0 ridicul\s & absurd1 &1 9 e view1 f> less tol]able1 ?an ! satyrs "u ! regulation ( ,horace4 ,! latt] 0 a regul> drama1 consi/+ ( an intire fable1 conduct$ accord+ to ! rules ( probability & good s5se1 only da%$ ) a little extravagance = ! sake ( ! mob4 ,! "* ( ! =m] ha? be5 giv5 above f unque/ionable au?orities4 ,accord+ly ,diom$es iii4 p4 #dhh4 ed4 ,puts*4 def9es x to be an irrev]5t & lascivi\s imitation ( obsc5e acts--mimus e/ s]monis cujuslibet motus s9e rev]5tia1 vel factorum et turpium cum lascivia imitatio4 ,& ,scalig] himself owns v]i mimi proprium esse qudam sordida ut affectet1 loc4 cit4 ,x seems1 9 %ort1 to h be5 a confus$ m$ley ( comic droll]y on a v>iety ( subjects1 )\t any consi/5t ord] or design2 deliv]$ by "o actor1 & height5$ ) all ! lic5ce ( obsc5e ge/iculation4 ,its be/ "*1 z practis$ by its greate/ ma/]1 ,lab]ius1 0 t ( be+ witty 9 a v bad way ,s54 ,controv4 l4 iii4 c4 #ah4 & its sole end & boa/1 risu diduc]e rictum ,hor4 i4 ,s4 x4 #g4 :i*1 :atev] virtue x may be1 is n always a pro( ( mu* elegance4 ,b ,i h sp5t too _m words on a criticism1 :i* ! +5i\s au?or1 ,i am p]suad$1 let fall unaw>es1 & did n mean to give u z ! result ( a mature & well-weigh$ delib]ation on ?is subject4 99 99 99 99 99 #bbe4 ,,v]um ,,ita ,,risores1 c4 ,! connect+ p>ticle1 v]um1 expresses ! opposition int5d$ betwe5 ! orig9al satyr & t :i* ! poet approves4 ,= hav+ ins9uat$ ! propriety ( ! satyric %ews1 z well f ! practice ( ,greece1 z ! nature ( fe/ival solemnities1 ! poet goes on to animadv]t on _! defects1 & to prescribe su* rules1 9 ! conduct ( !m1 z might r5d] !m a tol]able div]sion1 ev5 to ! bett] sort4 ,?is introduction ( ! subject ha? no small art4 ,=1 !re be+ at ?is "t 7z ha? be5 %ewn7 an attempt to br+ 9 ! ,greek satyrs1 :ile ! ,atellane plays 7z 0 likely7 /ill held ! affections ( ! p1 ! poet 0 n op5ly to reproa* & discr$it ^!2 b1 by a tacit pref]5ce1 to support & ju/ify ! o!r4 ,?is is done ) address4 ,=1 in/ead ( criticis+ ! ,atellanes1 :i* came directly 9 8 way1 aft] hav+ clos$ 8 acc\nt ( ! ,roman trag$y1 he relates1 z x 71 incid5tally1 ! practice ( anci5t ,greece 9 exhibit+ satyrs1 & !nce imm$iately passes on1 )\t s mu* z t\*+ on ! o!r fav\rite ent]ta9m5t1 to (f] "s directions conc]n+ ! satyric drama4 99 99 99 99 99 #bbg4 ,,ne ,,quicunque ,,deus1 ,,quicunque ,,adhibebitur ,,h]os1 c4 ,gods & ,h]oes 7 introduc$ z well into ! satyric z tragic drama1 & (t5 ! v same ,gods & ,h]oes1 :i* _h born a "p 9 ! prec$+ trag$y3 a practice1 :i* ,horace1 ,i suppose1 int5d$1 by ?is h9t1 to recomm5d z mo/ regul>4 ,?is gave ! s]i\s1 tragic air to ! satyr4 ,! comic arose f ! risor & dicax1 :o 0 ei!r a satyr himself1 or "s "* ( an extravagant1 ridicul\s ca/1 l a satyr4 ,( ?is k9d1 says ,diom$es1 f :om ,i take ?is acc\nt1 are ,autoly*us & ,burris3 :i* la/ p>ticul> ,i m5tion = ! sake ( ju/ify+ a correction ( ! le>n$ ,casaubon4 ,?is great critic conjectur$1 t1 in/ead ( ,burris1 9 ?is place1 x %\ld be read ,busiris4 ,8 reason is 8nam ,burris i/e ex ,grcorum poetis mihi non notus30 :i* reason ha? m =ce1 ?an appe>s at fir/ sight4 ,= ! v nature ( ?is div]sion requir$1 t ! pr9cipal "* ( x %\ld be well kn[n1 :i* x 0 sc>ce likely to be1 if n tak5 f a common /ory 9 _! poets4 ,b ,vossius objects1 8s$ non ea fu]it p]sona ridicula30 contr>y to :at ! gramm>ian repres5ts x4 ,b h[ s8 ,busiris 0 a savage1 inhospitable tyrant1 :o sacrific$ /rang]s4 ,& :at %\ld h9d] ?is "* f be+ made ridicul\s1 z well z ,polypheme 9 ! ,cyclops8 ,_! *>act]s 7 n unlike4 ,&1 z is se5 9 t case1 ! anci5ts knew to set =? su* mon/]s ( cruelty 9 a light1 t r5d]$ !m equally absurd & dete/able4 ,?is 0 agreeable to _! humanity1 :i*1 by su* repres5tations1 lov$ to cultivate a _s ( b5evol5ce 9 ! spectators2 & %ews ! moral t5d5cy ( ev5 ! absurde/ ( ! anci5t dramatic %ews4 ,! objection ( ,vossius is !n ( no weight4 ,b :at fur!r confirms ! em5dation ( ! excell5t ,casaubon1 is a manuscript note on ! m>g9 ( a pr9t$ copy ( ?is book#bc1 :i* ,i h n[ by me1 z x %\ld seem1 f 8 own h&1 8lectionem v]o quam re/ituimus etiam 9 optimo codice ,puteano po/ea inv5imus40 ,! le>n$ read] w !re=e1 h5ce=?1 look ^u ! text ( ,diom$es1 9 ?is place1 z fully settl$4 99 99 99 99 99 #bbi4 ,,migret ,,9 ,,obscuras c4--,,aut1 ,,dum ,,vitat c4 ,! two faults1 caution$ aga9/1 are #a4 a too l[1 or vulg> expression1 9 ! comic p>ts2 & #b4 a too sublime "o1 9 ! tragic4 ,! =m] ( ^! faults w\ld almo/ naturally adh]e to ! fir/ essays ( ! ,roman satyrs1 f ! buffoon g5ius ( ! old ,atellane3 & ! latt]1 f n appreh5d+ ! true measure & degree ( ! tragic mixture4 ,to correct bo? ^!1 ! poet gives ! exacte/ idea ( ! satyrs1 9 ! image ( a ,roman matron1 %>+ 9 ! mir? ( a religi\s fe/ival4 ,! occasion oblig$ to "s fre$oms3 & yet ! dignity ( h] "* dem&$ a dec5t res]ve4 99 99 99 99 99 #bcd4 ,,non ,,ego ,,inornata c4 ,! scope ( ^! l9es may be to regulate ! satyric /yle1 by ! idea ( its "*1 be=e giv51 9 ! allusion to a ,roman matron4 ,con=mably to t idea1 a pla91 unornam5t$ expression f v4 #bcd to #bcf4 mu/ n always be us$4 ,! ?ree foll[+ l9es in=ce ?is g5]al application by example4 ,if ! exact read] f9d himself dissatisfi$ ) ?is gloss1 :i* seems ! only "o1 ! words1 z !y n[ /&1 w be>1 he may1 p]haps1 incl9e to admit ! foll[+ conjecture1 :i* proposes to read1 in/ead ( inornata1 honorata4 ,i4 ,! context1 ,i ?9k1 requires ?is *ange4 ,= ! two faults obs]v$ above v4 #bbi1 #cj4 71 #a4 a too l[ expression1 &1 #b4 a too l(ty4 ,correspond+ to ?is d\ble *>ge1 ! poet hav+ fix$ ! idea ( ?is species ( composition v4 #bca1 #b1 #c4 %\ld naturally be l$ to apply x to bo? po9ts 9 que/ions3 #a4 to ! comic "p1 9 prescrib+ ! true measure ( its condesc5sion1 &1 #b4 to ! tragic1 9 settl+ ! true b\nds ( its elevation4 ,& ?is1 accord+ to ! read+ "h (f]$1 ! poet do?1 only 9 an inv]t$ ord]4 ,! s5se ( ! :ole w\ld be ?is1 #a4 ,non ego ,,honorata et dom9antia nom9a solum ,v]baque1 ,pisones1 satyrorum scriptor amabo3 i4 e4 9 ! tragic sc5es1 ,i w\ld n conf9e myself to su* words only1 z are 9 hon\r1 & be> rule 9 tragic1 & ! mo/ s]i\s subjects2 ?is /atel9ess n agree+ to ! condesc5d+ levity ( ! satyr4 #b4 ,nec sic enit> tragico diff]re colori1 ,ut nihil int]sit ,davusne loquatur1 et audax ,py?ias1 emuncto lucrata ,simone tal5tum1 ,an cu/os famulusque ,dei ,sil5us alumni4 i4 e4 nor1 on ! contr>y1 9 ! comic sc5es1 w\ld ,i incur ! o!r extreme ( a too pla91 & vulg> expression1 ?is z little suit+ its inh]5t matronlike dignity4 ,b1 ,,ii4 ?is correction improves ! expression z well z ! s5se4 ,= besides ! opposition1 impli$ 9 ! disjunctive1 nec1 :i* is ?is way re/or$1 dom9antia ha? n[ its g5u9e s5se1 & n t /range & =eign "o =c$ ^u x out ( ! ,greek language4 ,z connect$ ) honorata1 x becomes a metaphor1 elegantly pursu$2 & ha? too a s+ul> propriety1 ! poet "h speak+ ( figurative t]ms4 ,& !n1 = honorata itself1 x seems to h be5 a famili> mode ( expression ) ,horace4 ,?us #b ,ep4 ii4 #aab4 honore indigna vocabula are su* words z h p>um spl5doris & are s9e pond]e4 ,& 8qu sunt 9 honore vocabula0 is spok5 ( ! contr>y ones1 su* z are fit to ent] into a s]i\s tragic composition1 9 ?is v epi/le1 v4 #ga4 99 99 99 99 99 #bdj4 ,,ex ,,noto ,,fictum c4 ,?is precept f v4 #bdj to #bdd is analog\s to t1 be=e giv5 v4 #abi conc]n+ trag$y4 ,x directs to =m ! satyrs out ( a kn[n subject4 ,! reasons are1 9 g5]al1 ! same = bo?4 ,only "o seems peculi> to ! satyrs4 ,= ! ca/ ( !m be+ necess>ily romantic1 & ! p]sons1 ^? fanta/ic be+s1 call$ satyrs1 ! 1 or probable1 w require ! subject to h ga9$ a popul> belief1 )\t :i* ! repres5tation mu/ appe> unnatural4 ,n[ ^! subjects1 :i* h ga9$ a popul> belief1 9 consequ5ce ( old tradition1 & _! frequ5t celebration 9 ! poets1 are :at ,horace calls nota2 j z newly inv5t$ subjects1 or1 :i* comes to ! same ?+1 su* z _h n be5 employ$ by o!r writ]s1 indicta1 he1 on a l occasion1 t]ms ignota4 ,! connexion lies ?us4 ,hav+ m5tion$ ,sil5us 9 v4 #bci1 "o ( ! commone/ *>act]s 9 ?is drama1 an objection imm$iately (f]s itself2 8b :at good poet w engage 9 subjects & *>act]s s trite & hackney'd80 ,! answ] is1 ex noto fictum c>m5 sequ>1 i4 e4 h[ev] trite & well kn[n ?is & "s o!r *>act]s1 ess5tial to ! satyr1 are1 & mu/ be2 yet w !re be /ill room = fiction & g5ius to %ew itself4 ,! conduct & disposition ( ! play may be :olly new1 & above ! ability ( common writ]s1 tantum s]ies juncturaque pollet4 99 99 99 99 99 #bdd4 ,,sylvis ,,d$ucti ,,caveant c4 ,hav+ be=e v4 #bcb settl$ ! true idea ( ! satyric /yle 9 g5]al1 he n[ treats ( ! peculi> language ( ! satyrs !mselves4 ,?is common s5se dem&s to be 9 con=mity ) _! sylvan "*1 nei!r affect$ly t5d] & gallant1 on ! "o h&2 nor grossly & (f5sively obsc5e1 on ! o!r4 ,! fir/ ( ^! cautions seems level$ at a false improvem5t1 :i*1 on ! introduction ( ! ,roman satyr1 0 probably attempt$ on ! simple1 rude plan ( ! ,greek1 )\t consid]+ ! ru/ic extraction & mann]s ( ! fauns & satyrs4 ,! latt]1 obliquely glances at ! impurities ( ! ,atellane1 ^: lic5ti\s ribaldry1 z ha? be5 obs]v$1 w\ld1 ( c\rse1 infect ! fir/ essays ( ! ,roman satyr4 ,b ^! rules s necess>y to be foll[$ 9 ! satyric1 are 7to obs]ve x by ! way7 /ill m ess5tial to ! ,,pa/oral poem3 ! =tunes & "* ( :i* 7?\gh numb]less volumes h be5 writt5 ^u x7 may be giv5 9 few words4 ,! prodigi\s numb] ( writ+s1 call$ ,pa/oral1 :i* h be5 curr5t 9 all times1 & 9 all languages1 %ews !re is some?+ v tak+ 9 ?is poem4 ,& no wond]1 s9ce x addresses itself to ,,?ree lead+ pr9ciples 9 human nature1 ,,! ,,love ,,( ,,ease1 ,,! ,,love ,,( ,,beauty1 & ,,! ,,moral ,,s5se3 su* pieces z ^! be+ employ$ 9 repres5t+ to u ! ,,tranquillity1 ! ,,innoc5ce1 & ! ,,sc5]y1 ( ! rural life4 ,b ?\gh ^! ideas are ( !mselves agreeable1 good s5se w n be satisfi$ unless !y appe> to h "s f\ndation 9 tru? & nature4 ,& ev51 !n1 _! impression w be b fa9t1 if !y are n1 fur!r1 employ$ to convey in/ruction1 or int]e/ ! he>t4 ,h5ce ! diff]5t =ms1 "u :i* ?is poem ha? appe>$4 ,,!ocritus ?\ght x suffici5t to give a reality to 8 pictures ( ! rural mann]s4 ,b 9 s do+ x 0 too app>5t t 8 draught w\ld (t5 be co>se & unpleas+4 ,&1 9 fact1 we f9d t 8 %eph]ds1 contr>y to ! poet's rule1 ----immunda crep5t ignom9iosaque dicta4 ,,virgil avoid$ ?is extreme4 ,)\t dep>t+ v widely f ! simplicity ( ru/ic nature1 8 %eph]ds are m dec5t1 _! lives m s]5e1 &1 9 g5]al1 ! sc5e m invit+4 ,b ! ref9em5ts ( 8 age n well agree+ to ^! simple del9eations1 & 8 views 9 writ+ n be+ m]ely to ent]ta91 he saw fit to allegorize ^! agreeable fancies1 & make !m ! vehicles ( hi/orical1 & sometimes ev5 ( philosophic1 in=mation4 ,our ,,sp5s] want$ to engross all ! beauties ( 8 ma/]s3 & s1 to ! artless & too natural draw+ ( ! ,greek1 add$ ! deep allegoric design ( ! ,lat91 poet4 ,"o easily sees t ?is nigmatic ca/ ( ! pa/oral 0 meant to give x an air ( in/ruction1 & to make x a reasonable ent]ta9m5t to su* z w\ld nauseate a sort ( writ+1 8,:]e pure description held ! place ( s5se40 ,b ?is ref9em5t 0 out ( place1 z n only inconsi/5t ) ! simplicity ( ! pa/oral "*1 b z t5d+ to rob u 9 a good degree ( ! pleasure1 :i* ^! amus+ & picturesque poems are int5d$ to give4 ,o!rs !re=e took ano!r r\te4 ,! fam\s ,,tasso1 by an ef=t ( g5ius :i* ha? done him m hon\r ?an ev5 8 epic tal5ts1 produc$ a new k9d ( pa/oral1 by engraft+ x on ! drama4 ,& "u ?is =m1 pa/oral poetry became all ! vogue4 ,! *>m+ ,,am9tas 0 ev5 comm5t$ by ! greate/ s*ol>s & critics4 ,x 0 read1 admir$1 & imitat$ by all ! _w4 ,!re is no ne$ to depreciate ! f9e copies t 7 tak5 ( x1 9 ,italy4 ,b ^? by our own poets 71 by f>1 ! be/4 ,,%akespe>e _h1 inde$1 set ! example ( some?+ l pa/oral dramas1 9 our language2 & 9 8 ,w9t]'s ,tale1 ,z ye l x1 & "s o!r ( 8 pieces1 has en*ant$ e body ) 8 natural sylvan mann]s1 & sylvan sc5es4 ,b ,,flet*] set himself1 9 e>ne/1 to emulate ! ,italian1 yet /ill ) an eye ( rev]5ce t[>ds ! ,engli%1 poet4 ,9 8 fai?ful %eph]dess he surpasses ! =m]1 9 ! v>iety ( 8 pa9t+s & ! beauty ( 8 sc5e2 & only falls %ort ( ! latt]1 9 ! tru? ( mann]s1 & a c]ta9 orig9al grace ( inv5tion :i* no imitation c rea*4 ,! fa%ion 0 n[ s f> e/abli%$1 t e poet ( ! "t w\ld try 8 h& at a pa/oral4 ,ev5 surly ,,b51 ?\gh he f\nd no prec$5t = x among 8 anci5ts1 0 caught ) ! beauty ( ?is novel drama1 &1 x mu/ be own$1 has writt5 above himself 9 ! fragm5t ( 8 sad %eph]d4--,! sc5e1 at l5g?1 0 clos$ ) ! ,comus ( ,,milton1 :o1 9 8 rural pa9t+s1 almo/ equall$ ! simplicity & nature ( ,%akespe>e & ,flet*]1 &1 9 ! purity & spl5dor ( 8 expression1 outdid ,,tasso4 ,9 ?is new =m ( ! pa/oral1 :at 0 *ildi% be=e1 is readily admitt$ & excus$4 ,a simple moral tale be+ ! gr\ndwork ( ! piece1 ! *>ms ( description & all ! embelli%m5ts ( ! sc5e are only subs]vi5t to ! high] purpose ( pictur+ ! mann]s1 or t\*+ ! he>t4 ,b ! good s5se ( ,%akespe>e1 or p]haps ! felicity ( 8 g5ius1 0 admirable4 ,in/ead ( ! deep tragic air ( ,tasso 7:i* has be5 g5]ally foll[$7 & 8 cont9uance ( ! pa/oral /ra91 ev5 to satiety1 ?r\gh five acts1 he only made use ( ^! playful images to enri* 8 comic sc5es4 ,he saw1 ,i suppose1 t pa/oral subjects 7 unfit to be> a tragic di/ress4 ,& besides1 :5 ! di/ress rises to any height1 ! wantonness ( pa/oral imag]y gr[s di/a/eful4 ,:]e z ! g5ius ( com$y admits ( humbl] di/resses2 & leaves u at leisure to recreate ourselves ) ^! images1 z no way int]f]+ ) ! draught ( *>act]s1 or ! managem5t ( a comic tale4 ,b to make up 9 surprize :at 0 want+ 9 passion1 ,%akespe>e ha?1 ) great judgm5t1 adopt$ ! popul> sy/em ( ,fa]ies2 :i*1 :ile x s naturally supplies ! place ( ! old sylvan !ology1 gives a wildness to ?is sort ( pa/oral pa9t+ :i* is p]fectly inimitable4 ,9 a ^w2 if ,tasso _h ! hon\r ( inv5t+ ! pa/oral drama1 prop]ly s call$1 ,%akespe>e has %ewn u ! j application ( pa/oral poetry2 :i*1 h[ev] amus+ to ! imag9ation1 good s5se w h>dly endure1 except 9 a %ort dialogue1 or 9 "s occasional dramatic sc5es2 & 9 ^! only1 z x s]ves to ! display ( *>act]s & ! conduct ( ! poet's plot4 ,& to confirm ^! obs]vations on pa/oral poetry1 :i* may be ?\ght too sev]e1 "o may obs]ve t su*1 9 effect1 0 ! judgm5t pass$ ^u x by t great critic1 z well z wit1 ,,c]vantes4 ,he concludes 8 fam\s adv5tures1 ) a k9d ( project = 8 knight & squire to turn %eph]ds3 an evid5t ridicule on ! turn ( t "t = pa/oral poems & romances1 t 7 beg9n+ to succe$ to _! books ( h]oic knight-errantry4 ,n1 b x conta9s1 also1 a f9e /roke ( moral criticism1 z imply+1 :at is se5 f exp]i5ce to be too true1 t m5 capable ( runn+ into "o en?usiasm are seldom cur$ ( x b by "s sudd5 div]sion ( ! imag9ation1 :i* drives !m into ano!r4 ,9 conclusion1 ! read] w sc>cely ask me1 :y1 9 ?is d$uction ( ! hi/ory & g5ius ( pa/oral poetry1 ,i h tak5 no notice ( :at has be5 writt5 ( ?is k9d1 9 ,france2 :i*1 if x be n ! mo/ unpoetical nation 9 ,europe1 is at lea/ ! mo/ unpa/oral4 ,nor is _! criticism ( ?is poem mu* bett] ?an _! execution4 ,a late writ]#bd inde$ pron\nces ,m4 de ,font5elle's disc\rse on pa/oral poetry to be "o ( ! f9e/ pieces ( criticism 9 ! _w4 ,= my "p1 ,i c only say x is r m tol]able ?an 8 pa/orals4 99 99 99 99 99 #bdh4 ,,(f5d5tur ,,enim ,,quibus ,,e/ ,,equus ,,et ,,pat] ,,et ,,res4 ,! poet1 9 8 endeav\r to reclaim 8 c\ntrym5 f ! ta/e obsc5e1 v politely1 by a common figure1 repres5ts t z be+ ! fact1 :i* he wi%$ to be s4 ,= :at reception ! ranke/ obsc5ities met ) on ! ,roman /age we le>n f ,ovid's acc\nt ( ! success ( ! ,,mimi3 ,nobilis hos virgo matronaque1 virque pu]que1 ,spectat3 et magn p>te s5atus ade/4 ,tri/4 ii4 v4 #eja4 ,?is1 inde$1 0 n till "s "t aft] ! date ( ?is epi/le4 ,b we may guess f h5ce :at mu/ h be5 ! t5d5cy ( ! g5]al disposition1 & may see to h[ little effect ! poet _h lab\r$ to div]t ! public att5tion f ! ,mimes to 8 re=m$ ,atellanes4 99 99 99 99 99 #bea4 ,,syllaba ,,longa ,,brevi1 c4 ,?is :ole critique on ! satyrs concludes ) "s directions ab\t ! ,iambic v]se4 ,:5 ! comm5t>y ass]ts1 t ?is metre 0 common to trag$y & ! satyrs1 ?is is n to be tak5 /rictly2 ! satyrs1 9 ?is respect1 z 9 e o!r1 su/a9+ a sort ( int]m$iate "* betwixt trag$y & com$y4 ,=1 accurately speak+1 _! prop] measure1 z ! ,gramm>ians tea*1 0 ! ,iambic enliv5$ ) ! tribra*ys4 8,gaud5t ,victor4 l4 ii4 c4 met4 ,iamb4 trisyllabo p$e et maxime tribra*e40 ,yet !re 0 lik5ess en\gh to consid] ?is :ole affair ( ! metre "u ! same head4 ,! ,roman dramatic writ]s 7 v c>eless 9 _! v]sification1 :i* arose1 z is h9t$1 v4 #bei1 f an immod]ate & undi/+ui%+ v5]ation ( _! old poets4 ,9 conclusion ( all t has be5 deliv]$ on ! subject ( ^! satyrs1 x may be amus+ to ! le>n$ read] to he> a celebrat$ ,fr5* critic express himself 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 8,les ,roma9s donnoi5t encore le nom de ,satyre une espece de ,piece ,pa/orale2 qui t5oit1 dit on le milieu entre la ,trag$ie et la ,com$ie4 ,c'e/ t\t ce que n\s en savons40 ,mem4 de l',hi/4 des ,belles ,lett4 tom4 xvii4 p4 #baa4 99 99 99 99 99 #bfd4 ,,et ,,data ,,romanis ,,v5ia ,,e/ ,,indigna ,,poetis4 ,x appe>s c]ta9ly1 t :at is said "h conc]n+ ! metre ( dramatic poems1 0 peculi>ly calculat$ = ! correction ( ! ,roman neglig5ce1 & inaccuracy 9 ?is respect4 ,?is1 if x _h n be5 s expresly told u1 w\ld h be5 se5 f ! few rema9+ fragm5ts ( ! old ,lat9 plays1 9 :i* a rem>kable c>elessness ( numb]s is obs]v$4 ,?is gives a presumption1 t1 ) ! l advantage ( consult+ !m1 x w\ld also appe>1 t ! re/ ( ! poet's rules 7 direct$ to ! same end1 & t ev5 su*1 z are deliv]$ 9 ! mo/ absolute & g5]al =m1 _h a peculi> ref]5ce1 agreeably to :at is "h taught ( ! plan ( ?is poem1 to ! correspond+ defects 9 ! /ate ( ! ,roman /age4 99 99 99 99 99 #bgj4 ,,at ,,ve/ri ,,proavi ,,plaut9os ,,et ,,num]os ,,et ,,laudav]e ,,sales2 ,,nimium ,,pati5t] ,,utrumque1 ,,ne ,,dicam ,,/ulte1 ,,mirati2 ,x ha? be5 ?\ght /range1 t ,horace %\ld pass s sev]e a c5sure on ! wit ( ,plautus1 :i* yet appe>$ to ,cic]o s admirable1 t he speaks ( x z elegans1 urbanum1 +5iosum1 facetum4 ,de ,(f4 i4 #bi4 ,nor c x be said1 t ?is diff]5ce ( judgm5t 0 ow+ to ! improv$ delicacy ( ta/e = wit1 9 ! ,augu/an age1 s9ce x do? n appe>1 t ,horace's own jokes1 :5 he attempts to div]t u 9 ?is way1 are at all bett] ?an ,cic]o's4 ,! common answ]1 s f> z x respects ! poet1 is1 ,i believe1 ! true "o3 8t endeav\r+ to beat d[n ! excessive v5]ation ( ! eld] ,roman poets1 &1 among ! re/ 7z appe>s f #b ,ep4 i4 & ,a4 ,p4 #ed47 ( ,plautus1 he c5sures1 )\t res]ve1 e ! lea/ defect 9 8 writ+s2 ?\gh1 9 g5]al1 he agre$ ) ,cic]o 9 admir+ him40 ,b !n ?is 0 all4 ,= t he 0 n s ov]-nice z to dislike ,plautus' wit 9 ! ma91 &1 b 9 ?is view1 probably _h n criticiz$ him at all1 ,i collect f 8 express approbation ( ! wit ( ! old com$y2 :i* c]ta9ly 0 n m delicate1 ?an t ( ,plautus4 ridiculum acri ,=tius et melius magnas pl]umque secat res4 ,illi1 scripta quibus comdia prisca viris e/1 ,hoc /abant1 ,,hoc ,,sunt ,,imit&i4 ,i ,s4 x4 #ae4 ,i "k1 x ha? be5 ?\ght1 t1 ev5 9 ?is v place1 :]e he c5sures ! wit ( ,plautus1 he directs u ad ,grca exempl>ia1 i4 e4 z 8 critics und]/& him1 to ,ari/ophanes1 & ! o!r writ]s ( ! old ,com$y2 b su* a direction 9 ?is place1 7 altoge!r improp]1 & ! supposition is1 besides1 a palpable mi/ake4 ,= ! ,grca exempl>ia are ref]r$ to only1 z models 9 exact v]sification1 z ! t5or ( ! place fully %ews4 ,& :at ,horace aft]w>ds rem>ks on ! wit ( ,plautus1 9 addition to ! obs]vations on metre1 is a new & di/9ct criticism1 & ha? no k9d ( ref]5ce to ! prec$+ direction4 ,b /ill1 z ,i said1 ,horace appe>s no su* enemy to ! old comic wit1 z1 )\t ! p>ticul> reason assign$1 to h s sev]ely condemn$ x4 ,! difficulty is to acc\nt = ,cic]o's s peculi> admiration ( x1 & t a ta/e1 o!rwise s exact1 z 81 %\ld delight 9 ! co>se hum\r ( ,plautus1 & ! old com$y4 ,! case1 ,i believe1 0 ?is3 ,cic]o _h imbib$ a /rong reli% ( ! frank & lib]t9e wit ( ! old com$y1 z be/ suit$ to ! g5ius ( popul> eloqu5ce2 :i*1 ?\gh x dem&s to be temp]$ ) "s urbanity1 yet nev] atta9s its end s effectually1 z :5 let d[n & accommodat$1 9 "s c]ta9 degree1 to ! g5]al ta/e & mann]s ( ! p4 ,?is ,cic]o 9 effect owns1 :5 he tells u1 ! ma9 end ( je/+ at ! b> ,de ,orat4 ccxl4 is1 n to acquire ! cr$it ( consummate hum\r1 b to c>ry ! cause1 ut pr(iciamus aliquid3 t is1 to make an impression on ! p2 :i* is g5]ally1 we "k1 bett] done by a co>s] joke1 ?an by ! elegance ( ref9$ raill]y4 ,& t ?is 0 ! real gr\nd ( ,cic]o's pref]5ce ( ! old com$y to ! new1 may be conclud$1 n only f ! nature ( ! ?+1 & 8 own example 7= he 0 ev] reckon$ intemp]ate 9 8 je/s1 :i* by no means answ] to ! elegance ( 8 "*7 b is c]ta9ly collect$ f :at ,qu9tilian1 9 8 acc\nt ( x1 expresly obs]ves ( ! old com$y1 ,nescio an ulla poesis 7po/ ,hom]um7 aut similior sit oratoribus1 aut ad oratores faci5dos aptior4 ,! reason1 d\btless1 01 t /r5g?1 & prompt & eloqu5t fre$om1 ,vires et facundissima lib]tas1 :i* he _h be=e obs]v$1 s peculi>ly belong$ to x4 ,& ?is1 ,i ?9k1 w g "s way t[>ds cle>+ an emb>rass+ circum/ance 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,roman le>n+1 :i* ,i "k n1 if any writ] ha? yet tak5 notice (4 ,x is1 t ?\gh ,m5&] & ! au?ors ( ! new com$y 7 aft]w>ds admir$1 z ! only ma/]s ( ! comic drama1 yet ?is does n appe> to h be5 se51 or1 at lea/1 s fully ackn[l$g$1 by ! ,roman writ]s1 till aft] ! ,augu/an age2 not)/&+ t ! ,roman ta/e 01 f t "t1 visibly decl9+4 ,! reason1 ,i d\bt n1 01 t ! popul> eloqu5ce1 :i* cont9u$1 9 a good degree ( vig\r1 to t "t1 p>ticipat+ m ( ! fre$om ( ! old comic bant]1 & reject+1 z improp] to its end1 ! ref9em5ts ( ! new1 ins5sibly deprav$ ! public ta/e2 :i*1 by degrees only1 & n till a /udi$ & cauti\s declamation _h1 by ! necess>y influ5ce ( absolute p[]1 succe$$ to ! lib]ty ( _! old oratory1 0 fully reconcil$ to ! delicacy & /rict decorum ( ,m5&]'s wit4 ,ev5 ! case ( ,t]5ce1 :i*1 at fir/ sight1 might seem to be> h>d aga9/ x1 confirms ?is acc\nt4 ,?is poet1 /ruck ) ! supreme elegance ( ,m5&]'s mann]1 & attempt+ too soon1 be=e ! public ta/e 0 suffici5tly =m$ = x1 to br+ x on ! /age1 _h occasion = all ! cr$it1 8 noble patrons c\ld give him1 to support himself aga9/ ! popul> clam\r4 ,:at 0 ! object ( t clam\r1 we le>n f a curi\s passage 9 "o ( 8 prologues1 :]e 8 adv]s>y is made to object1 ,quas--fecit--fabulas ,t5ui esse oratione et scriptura levi4 ,prol4 ad ,phorm4 ,! s5se ( :i* is n1 z 8 comm5tators h idly ?\ght1 t 8 /yle 0 l[ & trifl+1 = ?is c\ld nev] be pret5d$1 b t 8 dialogue 0 insipid1 & 8 *>act]s1 &1 9 g5]al1 8 :ole composition1 )\t t comic height5+1 :i* _! vitiat$ ta/es requir$4 ,?is fur!r appe>s f ^? common v]ses ( ,cs>1 :]e1 *>act]iz+ ! g5ius ( ,t]5ce's plays1 z devoid ( ?is comic _s1 he calls !m l5ia scripta3 ,,l5ibus atque ut9am ,,scriptis adjuncta =et vis ,,comica3 words1 :i* are ! cle>e/ comm5t on ! l9es 9 "q4 ,b ?is fam\s judgm5t ( ,cs> des]ves to be scrut9iz$ m n>r[ly4 ,= x may be said 8t by vis comica ,i suppose him to mean ! comic droll]y ( ! old & middle com$y2 :]eas x is m probable he meant ! elegant b high hum\r ( ! be/ writ]s ( ! new1 p>ticul>ly ( ,m5&]2 :y else do? he call ,t]5ce1 8,dimidiate ,m5&]80 ,!re is ! m =ce 9 ?is objection1 because ! elegant b high hum\r1 "h m5tion$1 is ( ! true/ m]it 9 com$y2 & because ,m5&]1 ( :om ! anci5ts speak s hon\rably1 & :om we only "k by _! encomiums1 may be reasonably ?\ght to h excell$ 9 x4 ,:at occurs 9 answ] to x1 is ?is4 #a4 ,! ,anci5ts are g5]ally all[$ to h _h v little ( :at we n[ und]/& by comic hum\r4 ,lucian is ! fir/1 inde$ ! only "o1 :o ha? prop]ly left u any consid]able specim5s ( x4 ,& he is almo/ mod]n ) reg>d to ! writ]s "u consid]ation4 ,b1 #b4 ,t ,m5&] & ! writ]s ( ! new com$y did n excel 9 x1 is probable = ^! reasons4 #a4 ,! mo/ judici\s critic ( antiquity1 :5 he is purposely consid]+ ! excell5cies ( ! ,greek com$ians1 &1 :at is m1 expos+ ! comp>ative defici5cies ( ! ,roman1 says n a ^w ( x4 ,he ?9ks1 inde$1 t ,t]5ce's1 :i* yet he pron\nces to be mo/ elegant1 is b ! fa9te/ %ad[ ( ! ,greek1 com$y4 ,b !n 8 reason is1 quod s]mo ipse ,romanus non recip]e videatur illam solis concessam ,atticis v5]em4 ,l4 x4 #a4 ,x seems !n z if ! ma9 defect1 :i* ?is critic obs]v$ 9 ,t]5ce's com$y1 0 a want ( t inexplicable grace ( language1 :i* s peculi>ly belong$ to ! ,greeks2 a grace ( s subtle a nature t ev5 !y c\ld only cat* x 9 "o dialect--qu&o eam ne ,grci quidem 9 alio g5]e l+u non obt9u]9t4 ,ib40 #b4 ,"s ( ,t]5ce's plays may be almo/ said to be direct translations f ,m5&]4 ,& ! comic hum\r1 suppos$ 9 ! objection1 be+ ( ! true/ ta/e1 no reason c be imag9$ :y ! poet %\ld s indu/ri\sly avoid to transfuse ?is la/ & highe/ grace into 8 com$y4 ,especially s9ce ! popul> cry aga9/ him proce$$ f h5ce1 t he 0 want+ 9 comic pleasantry2 a want1 :i* by a /rict] att5tion to ?is virtue ( 8 great orig9al1 suppos+ ,m5&] to h be5 possess$ ( x1 he might s easily h suppli$4 ,& le/ x %\ld be ?\ght he omitt$ to d ?is1 z n conceiv+ any ?+ ( ?is virtue1 or z n approv+ x1 we f9d 9 him1 b r>ely inde$1 "s delicate t\*es1 :i* approa* z ne>ly z any ?+ 9 antiquity to ?is g5u9e comic hum\r4 ,( :i* k9d is t 9 ! ,hecyra3 ,tum tu igitur nihil adtuli/i huc plus un s5t5ti8 ,= ^! reasons ,i %\ld suppose t ,m5&] & ! writ]s ( ! new com$y1 f :om ,t]5ce copi$1 _h little ( ?is beauty4 ,b :at %all we say !n to ,cs>'s dimidiate ,m5&]8 ,x ref]s1 ,i believe1 solely to :at ,qu9tilian1 z we h se51 obs]v$1 t1 ) all 8 emulation ( ,attic elegance1 he 0 unable1 ?r\gh ! native /ubbornness ( ! ,lat9 tongue1 to come up to ! ,greek com$y4 ,! v text ( ,cs> leads to ?is mean+4 ,tu quoque1 tu 9 summis1 dimidiate ,m5&]1 ,pon]is1 et m]ito1 ,,puri ,,s]monis ,,amator4 ,8 excell5ce consi/$ 9 ! purity & urbanity ( 8 expression1 9 :i* praise if he /ill fell %ort ( 8 ma/]1 ! fault 0 n 9 him1 b ! intractability ( 8 language4 ,& 9 ?is view ,cs>'s address c>ries ) x ! highe/ complim5t4 ,qu9tilian _h said 9 relation to ?is po9t1 ,vix levem consequimur umbram4 ,b ,cs>1 9 a fond admiration ( 8 m]it1 cries out1 ,tu quoque1 ,,tu 9 summis1 ,,dimidiate ,,m5&]4 ,8 c5sure ( him is deliv]$ 9 ! foll[+ l9es3 ,l5ibus atque ut9am scriptis adjuncta =et vis ,comica1 ut quato virtus poll]et honore ,cum ,grcis1 neque 9 hc despectus p>te jac]es2 ,unum hoc mac]or et doleo tibi deesse1 ,t]5ti4 ,:i*1 aga91 gives no c\nt5ance to ! supposition ( ,m5&]'s excell+ 9 comic hum\r4 ,= he does n say1 t ) ! addition ( ?is tal5t he _h equall$ ,m5&]1 b 9 g5]al1 ! ,,greeks--quato virtus poll]et honore cum ,,gr,,cis4 ,& ?is 0 :at occasion$ ,cs>'s regret4 ,he wi%$ to see him unite all ! m]its ( ! ,greek com$y4 ,z f> z ! ,lat9 tongue w\ld p]mit1 he _h %ewn himself a ma/] ( ! elegance ( ! new4 ,:at he fur!r requir$ 9 him 0 ! /rong wit & satyr ( ! old4 ,8 fav\rite _h !n rivall$1 9 e praise1 ! ,greek writ]s4 ,&1 if ?is be admitt$1 no?+ h9d]s b t by vis comica ,cs> may be und]/ood to mean 7h[ consi/5tly ) ! admir$ urbanity ( ,t]5ce is n ! "q7 ! comic pleasantry ( ! middle or old com$y4 ,! ?+ inde$ c\ld h>dly be o!rwise4 ,= ,plautus1 :o *iefly copi$1 f ! middle com$y1 _h1 by ! droll]y ( 8 wit1 & ! buffoon pleasantry ( 8 sc5es1 s en*ant$ ! p z to cont9ue ! reign+ fav\rite ( ! /age1 ev5 long aft] ,afranius & ,t]5ce _h appe>$ on x4 ,nay ! hum\r cont9u$ ?r\gh ! ,augu/an age#be1 :51 z we le>n f ,horace1 9 _m p>ts ( 8 writ+s1 ! public applause /ill foll[$ ,plautus2 9 :om ?\gh himself c\ld see _m faults1 yet he does n appe> to h gone s f>1 z1 ^u ! :ole1 to give ! pref]5ce to ,t]5ce4 ,aft]w>ds inde$ ! case alt]$4 ,pat]culus admires2 & ,plut>* & ,qu9tilian are p]fectly *>m$3 ita omnem vit imag9em expressit1 ita e/ omnibus rebus1 p]sonis1 affectibus accommodatus4 ,?is "*1 "o w\ld ?9k1 %\ld h fitt$ him also = a complete model to ! orator4 ,& ?is1 z might be expect$1 0 ,qu9tilian's op9ion4 ,=1 ?\gh he saw1 z appe>s f ! passage already quot$1 t ! writ]s ( ! old com$y 71 9 fact1 ! like/ to orators1 & ! mo/ prop] to =m !m to ! practice ( ! ,=um1 yet1 9 admiration ( ! absolute p]fection ( ,m5&]'s mann]1 & criticis+ him by ! rules ( a j & accurate rhetoric1 & n at all 9 ! views ( a practical orator1 he pron\nces him to be a complete patt]n ( oratorial excell5ce3 vel unus1 dilig5t] lectus1 ad cuncta effici5da sufficiat1 l4 x4 c4 #a4 ,yet ,cic]o1 x seems1 ?\ght o!rwise2 = he sc>cely1 z ,i rememb]1 m5tions ! "n ( ,m5&] 9 8 rhetorical books1 ?\gh he is v l>ge 9 comm5d+ ! au?ors ( ! old ,greek com$y4 ,! reason 0 unque/ionably t we h be5 expla9+3 ,! delicate obs]vance ( decorum1 = :i* ?is poet 0 s fam\s1 9 omnibus mire cu/oditur ab hoc poeta decorum1 r5d]$ him an unfit model = a popul> speak]1 especially 9 ,rome1 :]e an orator 0 mu* m likely to c>ry 8 po9t by ! vis comica1 ! broad] mir? ( ,ari/ophanes1 or ,plautus1 ?an by ! delicate raill]ies1 & exquisite pa9t+s ( ,m5&]1 or ,t]5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 #bgc4 ,,si ,,modo ,,ego ,,et ,,vos ,,scimus ,,inurbanum ,,lepido ,,sepon]e ,,dicto4 ,x 0 v late ere ! anci5ts became acqua9t$ ) ?is di/9ction4 ,inde$ x does n appe>1 !y ev] possess$ x 9 t supreme degree1 :i* might h be5 expect$ f _! exquisite disc]nm5t 9 o!r in/ances4 ,ev5 ,horace himself1 ?\gh 8 pictures ( life are commonly ! mo/ delicate1 & wr\ght up 9 ! highe/ beauty ( hum\r1 yet1 :5 he affects ! plaisant1 & purposely aims at ! comic /yle & mann]1 is obs]v$ to s9k b5ea? himself extremely4 ,! tru? is1 !re is some?+ l[1 & :at ! ,fr5* call grossi]1 9 ! :ole ca/ ( anci5t wit2 :i* is r a k9d ( rude1 illib]al satire1 ?an a j & temp]ate ridicule1 re/ra9$ by ! exact rules ( civility & good s5se4 ,?is a celebrat$ writ]1 :o seems will+ to ?9k ! mo/ fav\rably ( ! anci5t wits1 9 effect owns1 :51 aft] quot+ c]ta9 in/ances ( _! raill]y1 he says1 ,ces exemples1 quoique vifs et bons en leur g5re1 ont qulque *ose de trop dur1 qui ne s'accommod]oit pas ntre mani]e de vivre2 et ce s]oit ce que n\s appellons rompre en visi]s1 que de dire en face des v]itez aussi =ts que celles-l4 ,rec4 de bons ,contes et de bons ,mots1 p4 #hi4 ,?is rud5ess1 compla9$ (1 appe>s 9 no?+ m evid5t1 ?an 9 _! p]petual bant] on corporal infirmities1 :i* runs ?r\gh all ! wits bo? ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,& to %ew u1 t ?is 0 n a practice1 !y all[$ !mselves 9 aga9/ rule1 ,cic]o m5tions corporal infirmities ,de ,or4 l4 ii4 c4 #ei4 z "o ( ! mo/ legitimate s\rces ( ! ,,ridicul\s4 ,e/ de=mitatis et corporis vitiorum satis bella mat]ies4 ,& 9 ano!r place1 ,valde rid5tur etiam imag9es1 qu f]e 9 de=mitatem1 aut 9 aliquod vitium corporis ducuntur cum similitud9e turpioris1 c4 ib4 c4 #ff4 ,& ?is1 :i* is v rem>kable1 ?\gh !y saw ! absurdity ( x1 z appe>s f ! answ] ( ,lamia1 record$ by ,cic]o1 to a joke ( ?is k9d1 ,non potui mihi =mam ipse f+]e1 ib4 c4 #fe4 ,! univ]sal preval5ce ( a practice s absurd 9 itself1 & se5 by !mselves to be s1 9 ! two polite/ /ates ( ! old _w1 mu/ ne$s h sprung f "s v g5]al1 & p[]ful cause2 :i*1 because x ha? n1 t ,i "k (1 be5 consid]$ by any writ]1 ,i %all "h attempt to op5 & explane4 ,! subject is curi\s1 & w\ld require a volume to d x ju/ice4 ,i c only h9t at ! pr9cipal reasons1 :i* appe> to me to h be5 ^!4 ,i4 ,! free & popul> gov]nm5t ( ^? /ates4 ,?is1 pres]v+ an equality ( condition1 & !reby spread+ a fe>lessness & indep5d5cy ?r\gh all ranks & ord]s ( m51 ( c\rse produc$ & indulg$ ! utmo/ fre$om ( expression1 un9flu5c$ by hopes ( fav\r1 & unaw$ by fe> ( p]sonal (f5ce2 ! two s\rces1 f :5ce ! civility ( a m cauti\s ridicule is d]iv$4 ,n[ ( all ! species ( raill]y1 ! mo/ natural & obvi\s to a p unre/ra9$ by ^! causes1 is ev] ! co>se/1 su* z t on corporal de=mities2 z appe>s f its prevail+ e :]e1 9 all =ms ( gov]nm5t1 among ! l[e/ ( ! p1 betwixt :om ^? causes nev] subsi/4 ,b ?is reason involves 9 x "s p>ticul>s1 :i* des]ve to be consid]$4 #a4 ,! orators1 :o cat*$ x f ! con/itution !mselves1 contribut$ 9 _! turn to =w>d & help on ?is disposition to unciviliz$ mir?4 ,=1 ! =m ( _! gov]nm5t requir+ imm$iate1 & almo/ cont9ual1 applications to ! p2 & ! nature ( su* applications giv+ frequ5t ex]cise to _! wit1 x 0 natural = !m to suit x to ! capacities ( _! auditory2 if inde$ !y _h se5 bett] !mselves4 ,?us we f9d ! orators 9 ! ,=um1 ev5 9 ! lat] times ( ! ,roman republic1 expos+ _! adv]s>y to ! broad mir? ( ! populace1 by enl>g+ on 8 l[ /ature1 ugly face1 or di/ort$ *94 ,in/ances ( :i* may be met ) 9 ,cic]o's treatise ,de oratore2 & ev51 z ha? be5 obs]v$1 9 "s orations & o!r pieces ( ,cic]o himself4 #b4 ,f ! ,=um ! hum\r ins5sibly spread among/ all ord]s1 & p>ticul>ly1 among/ ! writ]s = ! /age1 :]e x 0 kept up 9 its full vig\r1 or r height5$ to a fur!r extravagance1 ! laught] ( ! p be+ its m imm$iate & direct aim4 ,b1 ! /age n only con=m$1 z ( c\rse x w\ld1 to ! _s ( ! times 7:i*1 = ! reason already giv51 7 none ( ! mo/ obs]vant ( decorum7 b1 z we %all also f9d1 x _h p]haps ! greate/ influ5ce 9 produc+ & =m+ t _s itself4 ,?is w appe>1 if we recollect1 9 few words1 ! rise1 progress1 & "* ( ! anci5t /age4 ,! ,greek drama1 we "k1 _h its orig9 f ! loose1 lic5ti\s raill]y ( ! r\t ( ,bac*us1 indulg+ to !mselves ! free/ sallies ( taunt & invective1 z w\ld be/ suit to lawless natures1 inspirit$ by fe/al mir?1 & made extravagant by w9e4 ,h5ce arose1 & ) a "* answ]+ to ?is orig9al1 ! satyric drama2 ! _s ( :i* 0 aft]w>ds1 9 good measure1 reviv$ & cont9u$ 9 ! old com$y1 & itself pres]v$1 ?\gh ) consid]able alt]ation 9 ! =m1 ?r\gh all ! sev]al p]iods ( ! ,greek /age2 ev5 :5 trag$y1 :i* arose out ( x1 0 br\ght to its la/ p]fection4 ,mu* ! same may be obs]v$ ( ! ,roman drama1 :i*1 we are told1 _h its rise 9 ! unre/ra9$ fe/ivity ( ! ru/ic y\?4 ,?is gave occasion to _! ,satyr1 t is1 m$leys ( an irregul> =m1 act$ = ! div]sion ( ! p4 ,&1 :5 aft]w>ds ,livius ,&ronicus _h1 by a fur!r re=m1 r$uc$ ^! ,satyr into regul> trag$ies1 ano!r species ( buffoon ridicule 0 cultivat$1 "u ! "n ( ,atellan fabul2 :i*1 accord+ to ,diom$es' "* ( !m1 7 replete ) jocul> witticisms1 & v mu* resembl$ ! ,greek satyrs4 ,dictis jocul>ibus ref]t1 similes f]e sunt satyricis fabulis ,grcorum4 ,^! 7 ev] aft] reta9$1 & annex$ to _! mo/ regul> dramatic ent]ta9m5ts 9 ,rome1 j z ! satyrs 7 9 ,greece2 & ?is 7z 0 se5 9 its place7 ?\gh mu* pa9s 0 tak5 to re=m1 if n :olly remove1 !m4 ,b to %ew h[ /rong ! passion ( ! ,romans 0 = ?is rude illib]al bant]1 ev5 ! lic5ti\s "* ( ! ,atellanes did n fully satisfy !m2 b1 z if !y 7 det]m9$ to /ick to _! g5u9e ru/icity1 !y cont9u$ ! ,satyr !mselves1 "u ! "n ( ,exodia1 t is f>ces ( ! grosse/ & mo/ absurd composition2 :i*1 to height5 ! mir? ( ! day1 7 commonly int]wov5 ) ! ,atellane pieces4 ,! reason ( ! cont9uance ( su* ribaldry 9 ! polite/ ages ( ,greece & ,rome ha? be5 inquir$ into4 ,at pres5t x appe>s1 :at effect x mu/ necess>ily h ^u ! public ta/e4 ,,ii4 ,ano!r cause connect$ ) ! =ego+1 & ris+ out ( x1 seems to h be5 ! fe/al lic5ce ( p>ticul> seasons1 su* z ! ,dionysia & ,pana!na1 among/ ! ,greeks2 & ! ,bac*analia & ,saturnalia1 at ,rome4 ,^! latt]1 x is obs]vable1 7 cont9u$ to ! late/ p]iod ( ! ,roman empire1 pres]v+ 9 !m an image1 z well ( ! frank & lib]t9e wit ( _! old /age1 z ( ! orig9al equality & indep5d5cy ( _! old times4 ,qu9tilian ?9ks1 t1 ) "s regulation1 good use might h be5 made ( ^! seasons ( lic5ce1 = ! cultivat+ a j _s ( raill]y 9 ! orators ( 8 "t4 ,z x 01 !re is no d\bt1 !y help$ mu* to vitiate & deprave x4 ,8 words are ^!3 ,qu9 ill ips1 qu ,,dicta sunt ac vocantur1 quas c]tis diebus fe/ lic5ti dic]e solebamus1 si paulum adhibita ratione f+]5tur1 aut aliquid 9 8 s]ium quoque esset admixtum1 plurimum pot]unt utilitatis aff]re3 qu nunc juv5um1 aut sibi lud5tium ex]citatio e/4 ,qu9t4 l4 iv4 c4 #c4 ,besides1 9 ,greece1 ! je/] 0 a "* by pr(ession1 necess>y to ! pleasantry ( private fea/s1 &1 z we le>n f ! f9e satyr 9 ,x5ophon's ,symposium1 ev5 9 t polite age1 welcome to all companies#bf4 ,f ^! reasons ,i ?9k x n difficult to acc\nt = ! co>s5ess ( anci5t wit4 ,! free g5ius ( ! ,greek & ,roman con/itution 0 unque/ionably its ma9 spr+ & support4 ,b1 :5 ?is "* ( _! gov]nm5t 0 second$ by ! fre$om ( _! demagogues1 ! petulance ( ! /age1 & ! uncontr\l$ lic5ce ( recurr+ fe/ival solemnities1 x 0 no wond]1 ! illib]al mann] s ?or\ghly infect$ all ranks & degrees ( ! p1 z by no aft] dilig5ce & ref9em5t :olly to be remov$4 ,& ?is !ory is inde$ confirm$ by fact4 ,=1 :5 n[ ! tyranny ( "o man _h +ross$ ! p[]1 & oppress$ ! lib]ties1 ( ,greece1 _! /age ref9$1 _! wit poli%$1 & ,m5&] wrote4 ,& ?\gh a ?or\gh re=m 0 nev] made 9 ! ,roman /age1 p>tly1 z ,qu9tilian ?9ks1 f ! intractability ( _! language1 b *iefly1 x may be1 z to ! po9t 9 "q1 f ! long cont9uance ( _! rude f>cical %ews1 yet some?+ l ?is appe>s to h foll[$ ^u ! loss ( _! fre$om2 z is pla9 f ! improv$ delicacy ( _! lat] critics2 :o1 z ,qu9tilian & ,plut>*1 are v pr(use 9 _! encomiums on ,m5&]1 & ! new com$y2 :]eas we f9d little said ( x by ! ,augu/an writ]s1 :o seem g5]ally to h pref]r$ ! co>s] wit & pleasantry ( ! old4 ,! /ate ( mod]n wit too confirms ?is acc\nt4 ,= x has gr[n up1 = ! mo/ "p1 "u limit$ mon>*ies1 9 :i* _! sc5ical ent]ta9m5ts 7 m mod]ate1 or = pla9 reasons mu/ less affect ! public ta/e4 ,:5ev] !re=e a turn = lett]s has prevail$1 a poignant1 b lib]al k9d ( wit ha? g5]ally sprung up ) x4 ,:]e x is wor? obs]v+1 ! gr[+ tyranny 9 "s /ates ha? ei!r ext+ui%$ x intirely1 or ref9$ x into an effem9ate & timid delicacy1 z ! gr[+ lic5ti\sness 9 o!rs ha? sunk x into a rude & brutal co>s5ess2 :il/ by a due mixture ( lib]ty & lett]s1 we h se5 x acquire a prop] temp]am5t at home1 &1 z manag$ by our be/ writ]s1 exhibit a specim5 ( t /rong1 yet elegant ridicule1 :i* ha? nev] yet be5 equall$ by any o!r nation 9 ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 #bge4 ,,ignotum ,,tragicae ,,g5us ,,inv5isse ,,cam5ae1 c4 ,! poet1 hav+ j rem>k$ ! neglig5ce ( ! ,roman writ]s1 9 two or ?ree in/ances1 &1 at ! same "t recomm5d$ to !m ! sup]ior c>e & accuracy ( ! ,greeks 7all :i* is elegantly prep>atory to ! la/ division ( ! epi/le7 proce$s 9 a %ort view ( ! ,greek drama1 to ins9uate1 z well ! successful pa9s ( ! ,greek writ]s1 z ! real /ate ( ! ,roman /age2 ! complete glory ( :i* c\ld only be expect$1 z imm$iately foll[s1 f a _s ( dilig5ce & correctness4 ,z ?is :ole connexion is cle> & easy1 s is ! peculi> me?od1 9 :i* x is conduct$1 extremely prop]4 #a4 ,to %ew1 h[ great ! advantage ( _! situation 0 ov] t ( ! ,greeks1 he obs]ves1 t ! latt] _h ! :ole con/itution ( ! drama to inv5t & regulate2 :i* yet1 by ! application & gr[+ exp]i5ce ( _! poets1 0 soon effect$2 _! trag$y1 all rude & %apeless1 z x 01 9 ! c>t ( ,!spis1 appe>+ 9 its j =m & proportion on ! /age ( s*ylus2 & _! com$y also 7:i*1 f t "t1 began to be cultivat$7 ass]t+ its prop] "*1 &1 b = ! culpable omission ( a *orus1 rea*+ ! full ext5t & p]fection ( its k9d4 #b4 ,to %ew1 :at /ill rema9$ to !m1 he br+s d[n ! hi/ory ( trag$y no l[] ?an s*ylus2 "u :om x receiv$ its due =m & all ! ess5tials ( its nature1 yet /ill want$1 to its absolute p]fection1 ! fur!r accuracy & correctness ( a ,sophocles4 ,&1 = _! com$y1 he h9ts ! pr9cipal defect ( t2 its omission1 aft] ! mann] ( ! new com$y1 ( ! *orus4 ,!re is great address 9 ?is conduct4 ,! c5sure also impli$ 9 x1 is p]fectly j4 ,=1 #a4 ! "* ( ! ,roman trag$y1 9 ! times ( ,horace1 0 exactly t ( s*ylus4 s*ylus1 says ,qu9tilian1 0 ! fir/1 8qui protulit tragdias10 i4 e4 :o compos$ true legitimate trag$ies1 sublimis et gravis et gr&iloquus spe usque ad vitium2 s$ rudis 9 pl]isque et incompositus ,l4 x4 c4 i4 ! v description1 :i* ,horace gives #b ,ep4 i4 #afe4 ( ! ,roman trag$y4 natura sublimis et ac]1 ,nam spirat tragicum satis et felicit] audet2 ,s$ turpem putat inscitus metuitque lituram4 #b4 ,! /ate ( _! com$y1 z manag$ by _! be/ writ]s1 ,afranius & ,t]5ce1 01 inde$1 mu* m complete2 yet want$ ! *orus1 :i*1 9 ! judgm5t ( ! poet1 x seems1 0 equally necess>y to ! p]fection ( ?is1 z ( ! o!r drama4 #c4 ,b ! application is made 9 express t]ms4 ,nil int5tatum no/ri liqu]e poet1 c4 i4 e4 our poets1 z well z ! ,greek1 h1 9 "s degree1 appli$ !mselves to improve & regulate ! /age4 ,9 p>ticul>1 a late innovation1 9 tak+ _! subjects1 bo? ( trag$y & com$y1 f dome/ic facts1 is highly to be applaud$4 ,_! sole disadvantage is1 a neglect or contempt ( t lab\r & accuracy1 :i* gave ! la/ p]fection to ! ,greek sc5e4 ,aft] ?is cle> & natural exposition ( ! connexion ( ^! l9es1 all ! difficulties1 t h be5 f\nd 9 !m by c]ta9 great critics1 vani% ( !mselves4 ,& ! read] n[ sees 7:at ! sagaci\s ,he9sius ?\ght impossible to be %ewn7 an 1 or consi/5t1 natural ord] 9 ?is "p ( ! epi/le2 :i* 0 9 imm95t dang] ( los+ all its grace & beauty1 by ! wild transpositions ( t critic4 99 99 99 99 99 #bgh4 ,,po/ ,,hunc ,,p]sonae ,,pallaeque1 c4 ,m4 ,daci] ha? "h puzzl$ himself ) a difficulty ( 8 own rais+4 ,he wond]s1 t ,horace %\ld omit1 9 ?is hi/ory1 ! o!r improvem5ts ( s*ylus1 m5tion$ by ,ari/otle1 & t ,ari/otle1 9 8 turn1 %\ld omit ^?1 m5tion$ by ,horace4 ,! tru? is1 nei!r ( !m int5d$ a complete acc\nt ( ! improvem5ts ( ! ,greek /age2 b only s mu* ( !m1 z 0 necess>y to ! views ( ea*4 ,ari/otle1 treat+ ( ! int]nal con/itution ( ! drama1 speaks ( su* *anges1 made 9 x by s*ylus1 z respect$ t end4 ,horace1 treat+ 9 g5]al ( its =m1 z p]fect$ by ! pa9s & application ( ! same poet1 selects ^? improvem5ts only1 :i* contra/ be/ to ! rude essays ( ,!spis1 &1 :ile !y imply ! re/1 exhibit trag$y1 z x 71 9 h] prop] p]son1 on ! /age4 ,! read] feels ! effect ( ?is 9 ! poetry4 99 99 99 99 99 #bhh4 ,,vel ,,qui ,,praetextas1 ,,vel ,,qui ,,docu]e ,,togatas4 ,!re ha? be5 mu* difficulty "h 9 settl+ a v pla9 po9t4 ,! "q is1 :e!r prtextas means trag$y1 or a species ( com$y8 ,! answ] is v cle> f ,diom$es1 ^: acc\nt is1 9 %ort1 ?is4 8#a,togat is a g5]al t]m = all sorts ( ,lat9 plays1 adopt+ ! ,roman cu/oms & dresses2 z ,palliat is1 = all1 adopt+ ! ,grcian4 ,( ! ,togat1 ! sev]al #bspecies are1 #a4 ,prtexta1 or ,prtextata1 9 :i* ,roman k+s & g5]als 7 introduc$1 & is s call$1 because ! prtexta 0 ! di/+ui%+ habit ( su* p]sons4 #b4 ,tab]n>ia1 frequ5tly call$ #c,togata1 ?\gh t ^w1 z we h se51 _h prop]ly a l>g] s5se4 #c4 ,atellana4 #d4 ,planip$is40 ,he next m>ks ! diff]5ce ( ^! sev]al sorts ( ,togat1 f ! simil>1 correspond+ ones ( ! ,palliat1 :i* are ^!3 8#a4 #d,tragdia1 absolutely s /yl$4 #b4 #e;,comdia1 #c4 #f,satyri4 #d4 #g40 ,^! f\r sorts ( ! palliat 7 also probably 9 use at ,rome2 c]ta9ly1 at lea/1 ! two =m]4 ,x appe>s !n f h5ce1 t prtextata 0 prop]ly ! ,roman trag$y4 ,b he adds1 8,togata prtextata tragdia diff]t1 & x is also said1 to be only l trag$y1 tragdi similis40 ,:at is ?is diff]5ce & ?is lik5ess8 ,! explanation foll[s4 8#h;,h]oes are introduc$ 9 trag$y1 su* z ,ore/es1 ,*ryses1 & ! l4 ,9 ! prtextata1 ,brutus1 ,decius1 or ,m>cellus40 ,s !n we see1 :5 ,grcian *>act]s 7 introduc$1 x 0 call$ simply tragdia2 :5 ,roman1 prtextata2 yet bo?1 trag$ies4 ,! sole diff]5ce lay 9 ! p]sons be+ =eign or dome/ic4 ,! correspond5ce 9 e o!r respect 0 exact4 ,! same is obs]v$ ( ! ,roman com$y2 :5 x adopt$ #i;,greek *>act]s1 x 0 call$ comdia3 :5 ,roman1 #bj,togata ,tab]n>ia1 or #c,togata1 simply4 ,t ! read] may assure himself ( ! fidelity ( ?is acc\nt1 let him take x at l>ge1 9 ! ,gramm>ian's own words4 8#a,togat fabul dicuntur1 qu script sunt secundum ritus et habitus hom9um togatorum1 id e/1 ,romanorum 7,toga namque ,romana e/71 sicut ,grcas fabulas ab habitu que palliatas ,v>ro ait nom9>i4 #c,togatas autem cum sit g5]ale nom51 specialit] tam5 pro tab]n>iis1 non modo communis error usurpat1 s$ et poet4--,togat>um fabul>um #bspecies tot f]e sunt1 quot et palliat>um4 ,nam prima species e/ togat>um1 qu prtextat dicuntur1 9 quibus imp]atorum negotia agebantur et publica1 et reges ,romani vel duces inducuntur1 p]son>um et argum5torum sublimitate #dtragdiis similes3 ,prtextat autem dicuntur1 quia f]e regum vel magi/ratuum1 qui prtexta utuntur1 9 hujusmodi fabulis acta compreh5duntur4 ,secunda species togat>um1 qu tab]n>i dicuntur1 humilitate p]son>um et argum5torum similitud9e #e;comdiis p>es--,t]tia species e/ fabul>um lat9>um1 qu--,atellan dict sunt1 similes #fsatyricis fabulis1 ,grcis4 ,qu>ta species e/ planip$is1 ,grce dicitur #g4--,togata prtextata1 #dtragdia diff]t4 ,9 tragdia #h;h]oes introducuntur4 ,pacuvius tragdias nom9ibus h]oicis scripsit ,ore/51 ,*rys51 et 8 similia4 ,item ,accius4 ,9 prtextata autem scribitur1 ,brutus1 vel ,decius1 vel ,m>cellus4 #ai,togata tab]n>ia #e;comdia diff]t1 quod 9 #i;comdia ,grci ritus inducuntur1 p]sonque ,grc1 ,la*es1 ,so/rata4 ,9 illa v]o ,lat940 ,l4 iii4 c4 de ,com4 et ,trag4 diff4 ,) ?is acc\nt ( ,diom$es agrees p]fectly t ( ,fe/us2 f :i*1 h[ev]1 ,m4 ,daci] draws a v diff]5t conclusion4 8,togat>um duplex e/ g5us3 prtext>um--et tab]n>i>um40 ,8 inf]5ce is1 t prtextat1 z be+ a species ( ! togat1 mu/ ne$s be com$ies2 n consid]+ t togata is "h a g5]ic t]m1 compreh5d+ "u x all ! sev]al species bo? ( ! ,roman trag$y & com$y4 ,aft] :at ha? be5 said1 & especially1 aft] ! full & decisive te/imony ( ,diom$es1 !re c no long] be any d\bt ab\t ! mean+ ( prtextas2 & "o mu/ be surpriz$ to f9d ,m4 ,daci] prefac+ 8 long note on ?is place 9 ! foll[+ important mann]3 ,c'e/ un des plus difficiles passages d',horace1 et peuttre celui qu'il e/ le plus mal ais d'eclaircir cause du peu de lumi]e que n\s donn5t les auteurs ,lat9s sur t\t ce qui reg>de leurs pieces de !atre4 99 99 99 99 99 #bha4 ,,successit ,,vetus ,,8 ,,como$ia1 c4 i4 e4 ,com$y began to be cultivat$ & improv$ f ! "t t trag$y _h obta9$ its end1 1 "u s*ylus4 ,!re is no reason to suppose1 ) "s critics1 t ,horace meant to date its orig9 f h5ce4 ,! supposition is1 9 tru?1 contradict$ by exp]i5ce & ! ord] ( ?+s4 ,=1 z a celebrat$ ,fr5* writ] obs]ves1 8,le tal5t d'imit]1 qui n\s e/ naturel1 n\s porte plutt la com$ie qui r\le sur des *oses de ntre connoissance qu' la ,trag$ie1 qui pr5d des sujets plus loigns de l'usage commun2 et en effet1 en ,grce aussi bi5 qu'en ,france1 la ,com$ie e/ l'ane de la trag$ie40 ,hi/4 du ,!at4 ,franc4 p> ,m4 de ,font5elle4 ,! latt] "p ( ?is ass]tion is cle> f ! piece ref]r$ to2 & ! o!r1 :i* respects ,greece1 seems c\nt5anc$ by ,ari/otle himself 4 4 4 4 ',tis true1 ,com$y1 ?\gh its rise be e :]e1 at lea/1 z e>ly z t ( trag$y1 is p]fect$ mu* lat]4 ,m5&]1 we "k1 appe>$ long aft] s*ylus4 ,&1 ?\gh ! ,fr5* trag$y1 to speak ) ,ari/otle1 9 ! h&s ( ,corneille1 ?is _c be said ( _! com$y1 :i* 0 =c$ to wait = a ,moli]e1 be=e x arriv$ at t pit* ( p]fection4 ,b !n ?is is ow+ to ! sup]ior difficulty ( ! comic drama4 ,nor is x any objection t ! contr>y ( ?is happ5$ at ,rome4 ,= ! ,romans1 :5 !y appli$ !mselves 9 e>ne/ to ! /age1 _h n to inv5t1 b to imitate or r translate1 ! p]fect models ( ,greece4 ,& x *anc$1 = reasons :i* ,i %all n /ay to d$uce1 t _! poets _h bett] success 9 copy+ _! com$y1 ?an trag$y4 99 99 99 99 99 #bhd4 ,,turpit] ,,obticuit-- ,evid5tly because1 ?\gh ! jus noc5di 0 tak5 away1 yet t 0 no good reason1 :y ! *orus %\ld entirely cease4 ,m4 ,daci] mi/akes ! matt]4 ,le *ur se tt ignom9ieusem5t1 p>ceque la loi reprima sa lic5ce1 et que ce fut1 proprem5t p>l]1 la loi qui le bannit2 ce qu' ,horace reg>de comme une espece de fltrissure4 ,prop]ly speak+1 ! law only aboli%$ ! abuse ( ! *orus4 ,! ignom9y lay 9 dropp+ ! entire use ( x1 on acc\nt ( ?is re/ra9t4 ,horace 0 ( op9ion1 t ! *orus ought to h be5 reta9$1 ?\gh ! /ate _h abridg$ x ( ! lic5ce1 x s mu* delight$ 91 ( an illimit$1 & intemp]ate satyr4 ,sublatus *orus fuit1 says ,scalig]1 cujus ill vid5tur esse prcipu p>tes1 ut potissimum quos lib]et1 ld]5t4 99 99 99 99 99 #bhf4 ,,nec ,,m9imum ,,m]u]e ,,decus ,,ve/igia ,,gr,,ca ,,ausi ,,des]]e ,,et ,,celebr>e ,,dome/ica ,,facta4 ,?is judgm5t ( ! poet1 recomm5d+ dome/ic subjects1 z fitte/ = ! /age1 may be in=c$ f _m obvi\s reasons4 ,z ,i4 t x r5d]s ! drama inf9itely m affect+3 & ?is on _m acc\nts4 #a4 ,z a subject1 tak5 f our own annals1 mu/ ( c\rse c>ry ) x an air ( great] probability1 at lea/ to ! g5]ality ( ! p1 ?an "o borr[$ f ^? ( any o!r nation4 #b4 ,z we all f9d a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! subject4 #c4 ,z x ( c\rse af=ds ! be/ & easie/ opportunities ( cat*+ our m9ds1 by frequ5t ref]5ces to our mann]s1 prejudices1 & cu/oms4 ,& ( h[ great importance ?is is1 may be le>n$ f h5ce1 t1 ev5 9 ! exhibition ( =eign *>act]s1 dramatic writ]s h f\nd !mselves oblig$ to sacrifice tru? & probability to ! hum\r ( ! p1 & to dress up _! p]sonages1 contr>y to _! own bett] judgm5t1 9 "s degree accord+ to ! mode & mann]s ( _! respective c\ntries#bg4 ,& #d4 z ! writ] himself1 f an intimate acqua9tance ) ! "* & g5ius ( 8 own nation1 w be m likely to draw ! mann]s ) life & _s4 ,,ii4 ,next1 :i* %\ld ev] be "o great po9t 9 view1 x r5d]s ! drama m g5]ally useful 9 its moral de/9ation4 ,=1 x be+ conv]sant ab\t dome/ic acts1 ! great in/ruction ( ! fable m s5sibly affects u2 & ! *>act]s exhibit$1 f ! "p we take 9 _! good or ill qualities1 w m probably influ5ce our conduct4 ,,iii4 ,la/ly1 ?is judgm5t w des]ve ! great] reg>d1 z ! conduct recomm5d$ 01 9 fact1 ! practice ( our great models1 ! ,greek writ]s2 9 ^: plays1 x is obs]vable1 !re is sc>cely a s+le sc5e1 :i* lies out ( ! conf9es ( ,greece4 ,b1 not)/&+ ^! reasons1 ! practice ha?1 9 all times1 be5 b little foll[$4 ,! ,romans1 aft] "s few attempts 9 ?is way 7f :5ce ! poet took ! occasion ( deliv]+ x z a dramatic precept71 soon relaps$ into _! old use2 z appe>s f ,s5eca's1 & ! titles ( o!r plays1 writt5 91 or aft] ! ,augu/an age4 ,succe$+ times cont9u$ ! same atta*m5t to ,grecian1 ) ! addition ( an equal fondness = ,roman1 subjects4 ,! reason 9 bo? in/ances ha? be5 ev] ! same3 t /rong & e>ly prejudice1 approa*+ some:at to adoration1 9 fav\r ( ! illu/ri\s names ( ^? two great /ates4 ,! acc\nt ( ?is matt] is v easy2 = _! writ+s1 z !y furni% ! bus9ess ( our y\ng]1 & ! amusem5t ( our rip]1 ye>s1 & m especially make ! /udy ( all ^?1 :o devote !mselves to poetry & ! /age1 ins5sibly infix 9 u an excessive v5]ation = all affairs 9 :i* !y 7 conc]n$2 insomu* t no o!r subjects or ev5ts seem consid]able en\gh1 or rise1 9 any proportion1 to our ideas ( ! dignity ( ! tragic sc5e1 b su* z "t & long admiration h consecrat$ 9 ! annals ( _! /ory4 ,our ,%akespe>e 01 ,i ?9k1 ! fir/ t broke ?r\gh ?is bondage ( classical sup]/ition4 ,& he ow$ ?is felicity1 z he did "s o!rs1 to 8 want ( :at is call$ ! advantage ( a le>n$ education4 ,?us un9flu5c$ by ! weight ( e>ly prepossession1 he /ruck at once into ! road ( nature & common s5se3 & )\t design+1 )\t kn[+ x1 ha? left u 9 8 hi/orical plays1 ) all _! anomalies1 an exact] resemblance ( ! ,a!nian /age1 ?an is any :]e to be f\nd 9 its mo/ pr(ess$ admir]s & copyi/s4 ,i w only add1 t1 = ! m successful execution ( ?is rule ( celebrat+ dome/ic acts1 mu* w dep5d on ! ra1 f :5ce ! subject is tak54 ,times too remote h almo/ ! same inconv5i5ces1 & none ( ! advantages1 :i* att5d ! ages ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,&1 = ^? ( lat] date1 !y are too mu* famili>iz$ to u1 & h n z yet acquir$ t v5]able ca/ & air1 :i* trag$y dem&s1 & age only c give4 ,!re is no fix+ ?is po9t ) precision4 ,9 ! g5]al1 t ra is ! fitte/ = ! poet's purpose1 :i*1 ?\gh fre% en\gh 9 our m9ds to w>m & int]e/ u 9 ! ev5t ( ! action1 is yet at s great a di/ance f ! pres5t times1 z to h lo/ all ^? mean & disp>ag+ circum/ances1 :i* unavoidably adh]e to rec5t de$s1 &1 9 "s measure1 s9k ! noble/ mod]n transactions to ! level ( ord9>y life4 99 99 99 99 99 #bie4 ,,+5ium ,,mis]a1 c4 ,spe audivi poetam bonum nem9em 7id quod ,democrito et ,platone 9 scriptis relictum esse dicunt7 s9e inflammatione animorum exi/]e posse et s9e quodam afflatu quasi furoris4 ,cic4 ,de orat4 l4 ii4 c4 xlvi4 ,& s ,petronius1 prcipit&us lib] spiritus1 ut fur5tis animi vatic9atio app>eat4 c4 cxviii4 ,& to ! same purpose e good critic1 anci5t or mod]n4 ,b :o c endure ! grimace ( ^? m9ute g5ii1 :o1 because ! truly inspir$1 9 ! rav+s ( ! fit1 are t\*$ ) ! flame & fury ( en?usiasm1 mu/1 !re=e1 ) a tame1 frigid fancy1 be lay+ claim to ! same f]v5t & fi]y raptures8 ,! fate ( ^! aspirants to div9ity is t 1 1 ,long94 4 4 4 4 ,& ,qu9tilian op5s ! my/]y ( ! :ole matt]3 ,quo quisque +5io m9us valet1 hoc se magis attoll]e et dilat>e conatur3 ut /atura breves 9 digitos eriguntur et plura infirmi m9antur4 ,nam tumidos et corruptos et t9nulos et quocunque alio cacozeli g5]e peccantes1 c]tum habeo1 non virium1 s$ infirmitatis vitio labor>e3 ut corpora non robore1 s$ valetud9e inflantur3 et recto it9]e lapsi pl]umque div]tunt4 ,l4 ii4 c4 #c4 99 99 99 99 99 #bih4 ,,bona ,,p>s ,,non ,,ungues1 c4 ,! con/ant & pitiful affectation ( ! race be=e spok5 (1 :o1 ) ! mode/y ( lay+ claim to ! ?+1 w be sure n to omit ! sign1 & s1 f fancy+ an inspiration1 !y h n come to adopt e fopp]y1 t has ev] disgrac$ x 9 ^? :o h4 99 99 99 99 99 #cjh4 ,,quid ,,deceat1 ,,quid ,,non3 ,nihil e/ difficilius quam1 quid deceat1 vid]e4 appellant hoc ,grci3 nos dicamus sane ,decorum4 ,de quo prcl>e et multa prcipiuntur1 et res e/ cognitione dignissima4 ,hujus ignoratione non modo 9 vit1 s$ spissime 9 ,,poematis et 9 oratione peccatur4 ,orator4 xxi4 99 99 99 99 99 #cji4 ,,scrib5di ,,recte1 ,,sap]e ,,e/ ,,et ,,pr9cipium ,,et ,,fons4 ,! ,orator 0 ( ! same m9d1 :5 he s5t 8 pupil to ! academy = in/ruction4 ,quis nescit maximam vim exi/]e oratoris 9 hom9um m5tibus vel ad iram1 aut dolorem incit&is1 vel ab hisce iisdem p]motionibus ad l5itatem mis]icordiamque revoc&is8 qu1 nisi qui naturas hom9um1 vimque omnem humanitatis1 causasque eas quibus m5tes aut incitantur aut reflectuntur1 p5itus p]spex]it1 dic5do1 quod volet1 p]fic]e non pot]it4 ,atqui ,,totus ,,hic ,,locus ,,philosophorum ,,proprius ,,videtur4 ,de ,orat4 l4 i4 c4 xii4 ,& he spoke1 we "k1 f 8 own exp]i5ce1 hav+ acquir$ 8 oratorial skill n 9 ! s*ools ( ! rhetoricians1 b ! walks ( ! academy3 fateor me oratorem1 si modo sim1 aut etiam quicunque sim1 non ex rhetorum (fic9is1 s$ ex ,academi spatiis extitisse4 ,orat4 p4 #fbb4 ,elz4 ed4 ,b ! reason he gives = ?is advice1 ?\gh common to ! poet2 ^: "*1 z well z ! orator's1 x is1 posse voluntates impell]e1 quo velis1 unde velis1 d$uc]e1 is yet1 n ! only "o1 :i* respects ! poet4 ,= 8 bus9ess is to pa9t1 & t n only1 z ! orator does1 9 ord] to move1 b = ! sole end ( pleas+3 solam petit voluptatem4 ,qu9ct4 l4 x4 c4 i4 ,! boa/ ( 8 art is to cat* e diff]5t aspect ( nature1 & m especially to exhibit ! human "* 9 e v>y+ light & =m1 "u :i* x pres5ts itself4 ,b ?is is n to be done )\t an exquisite /udy1 & philosophical k ( man2 to :i* end1 z is rem>k$ 9 n4 on v4 #cag4 ! ,socratic philosophy is m peculi>ly adapt$4 ,add to ?is1 t x is ! g5ius ( true poetry1 n only to animate1 b to p]sonalize e ?+1 omnia deb5t esse morata4 ,h5ce ! indisp5sable necessity ( moral sci5ce3 all poetry be+1 9 effect1 :at ,mr4 ,dryd5 some:]e calls com$y1 ,,! ,,!ft ,,( ,,poets ,,f ,,mank9d4 99 99 99 99 99 #caj4 ,,socraticae ,,*>tae4 ,an admir$ writ]1 9 _m respects des]v$ly s1 ?us comm5ts on ^! words3 8,! philosophical writ+s1 to :i* our poet ref]s1 7 9 !mselves a k9d ( poetry1 l ! mimes1 or p]sonat$ pieces ( e>ly times1 be=e philosophy 0 9 vogue1 & :5 z yet ,dramatical imitation 0 sc>ce =m$3 or at lea/1 9 _m p>ts1 n br\ght to due p]fection4 ,!y 7 pieces1 :i*1 besides _! =ce ( /yle1 & hidd5 numb]s1 c>ri$ a sort ( action & imitation1 ! same z ! ,epic & ,dramatic k9ds4 ,!y 7 ei!r real dialogues1 or recitals ( su* p]sonat$ disc\rses2 :]e ! p]sons !mselves _h _! *>act]s pres]v$ ?r\gh\t2 _! mann]s1 hum\rs1 & di/9ct turns ( temp] & und]/&+ ma9ta9$1 accord+ to ! mo/ exact poetical tru?4 ',twas n en\gh1 t ^! pieces treat$ fundam5tally ( morals1 &1 9 consequ5ce1 po9t$ out real *>act]s & mann]s3 ,!y exhibit$ !m alive1 & set ! c\nt5ances & complexions ( m5 pla9ly 9 view4 ,& by ?is means !y n only taught u to "k o!rs2 b1 :at 0 pr9cipal & ( highe/ virtue 9 !m1 !y taught u to "k ourselves40 ,?us f> !n ^! models are ( unque/ion$ use to writ]s ( e d5om9ation4 ,i =be> to m5tion1 :at ?is noble au?or f9ds occasion frequ5tly to ins9uate1 &1 by 8 own practice1 lab\rs to recomm5d1 ! sup]ior excell5cy ( ! mann]1 z well z matt]1 ( ^! highly-rat$ orig9als4 ,n t ,i presume to ?9k x unwor?y ( imitation4 ,b ! public ta/e1 z appe>s1 is runn+ full fa/ t way1 insomu* t "s may ev5 d\bt1 if ! /ate ( lit]>y composition be m endang]$ by ! neglect1 or vici\s imitation1 ( ! ,platonic mann]4 ,its graces1 :5 sp>+ly employ$ by a real g5ius1 = ! embelli%m5t ( /rong s5se1 h1 x mu/ be own$1 great beauty4 ,b :5 ?is hum\r ( platoniz+ seizes on "s m9ut] _s1 b5t on ennobl+ a trivial matt]1 & all ov]-run ) academic delicacy & affectation1 no?+1 to a j & manly reli%1 c be m disgu/+4 ,"o mu/ w9k h>d n to see frequ5t examples ( ?is1 9 ! ma/] ,platoni/ himself4 ,b 8 mimics1 ( late1 h gone mu* f>!r4 ,!re is no ne$1 9 su* a cr\d ( in/ances1 to po9t to p>ticul>s4 ,:at ,i w\ld r obs]ve is1 t ?is folly1 (f5sive z x is1 may p]haps admit ( "s excuse f ! pres5t /ate ( our lit]ature1 & ! "* ( ! great orig9al himself1 :om ^! writ]s aspire to imitate4 ,:5 a language1 z ours at ?is "t1 ha? be5 mu* poli%$ & enri*$ ) p]fect models ( /yle 9 almo/ e way1 x is 9 ! ord] ( ?+s1 t ! next /ep %\ld be to a vici\s affectation4 ,= ! simplicity ( true ta/e1 "u ^! circum/ances1 gr[s insipid4 ,some?+ bett] ?an ! be/ mu/ be aim$ at2 & ! read]'s languid appetite rais$ by ! provocatives ( an ambiti\s ref9em5t4 ,& ?is 9 s5tim5t1 z well z language4 ,:5ce we see h[ x happ5$1 t ev5 9 ,greece itself1 :]e composition 0 /udi$ ) a m ?an common accuracy1 ,philosophy1 :5 x pass$ out ( ! h&s ( its great ma/]s1 deg5]at$ by degrees into ! subtilties ( sophi/ry1 z did ,eloqu5ce1 likewise1 into ! tricks ( rhetoric4 ,b !re 0 some?+1 z ,i h9t$1 too1 9 ! "* ( ! writ] imitat$1 ( a v tickli% & dang]\s nature2 & ( :i* our tribe ( imitators 7 n suffici5tly aw>e4 ,a v exact critic ( antiquity ha? told u :at x 04 ,x lay 9 ,plato's br++ ! tumor ( poetic composition into disc\rses ( philosophy1 #bh4 ,& ?\gh ! exp]im5t1 = ! mo/ "p1 succe$$ n amiss 7z :at contradiction is !re :i* sup]ior g5ius _c reconcile87 yet x sometimes fail$ ev5 9 8 h&s4 ,& z a ,fr5* writ] well expresses x1 ,le ,,div9 ,plato1 p\r avoir v\lu s'elev] trop au dessus des hommes1 e/ s\v5t tomb dans un ,,galimatias pompeux que quelques uns confond5t avec le ,,sublime4 ,! ,,pha$rus1 ?\gh ! mo/ rem>kable1 is n ! only example ( su* mis*ance 9 ! writ+s ( ?is great man4 99 99 99 99 99 #cag4 ,,v]as ,,h9c ,,duc]e ,,voces4 ,tru?1 9 poetry1 means su* an expression1 z con=ms to ! g5]al nature ( ?+s2 falsehood1 t1 :i*1 h[ev] suitable to ! p>ticul> in/ance 9 view do? yet n correspond to su* g5]al nature4 ,to atta9 to ?is tru? ( expression 9 dramatic poetry two ?+s are prescrib$3 #a4 ,a dilig5t /udy ( ! ,socratic philosophy2 & #b4 ,a ma/]ly k & compreh5sion ( human life4 ,! fir/1 because x is ! peculi> di/9ction ( ?is s*ool ad v]itatem vit propius acc$]e4 ,cic4 de ,or4 i4 #ea4 ,& ! latt]1 z r5d]+ ! imitation m univ]sally /rik+4 ,?is w be und]/ood by reflect+ t tru? may be foll[$ too closely 9 works ( imitation1 z is evid5t 9 two respects4 ,=1 #a4 ! arti/1 :5 he w\ld give a ,copy ( nature1 may conf9e himself too scrupul\sly to ! exhibition ( p>ticul>s1 & s fail ( repres5t+ ! g5]al idea ( ! k9d4 ,or1 #b4 9 apply+ himself to give ! g5]al idea1 he may collect x f an enl>g$ view ( real life1 :]eas x 7 /ill bett] tak5 f ! nobl] conception ( x z subsi/+ only 9 ! m9d4 ,?is la/ is ! k9d ( c5sure we pass ^u ! ,flemi% s*ool ( pa9t+1 :i* takes its model f real nature1 & n1 z ! ,italian1 f ! contemplative idea ( beauty#bi4 ,! =m] corresponds to t o!r fault object$ also to ! ,flemi% ma/]s1 :i* consi/s 9 _! copy+ f p>ticul> odd & grotesque nature 9 contradi/9ction to g5]al & graceful nature4 ,we see !n t 9 deviat+ f p>ticul> & p>tial1 ! poet m fai?fully imitates univ]sal1 tru?4 ,& ?us an answ] occurs to t ref9$ argum5t1 :i* ,plato inv5t$ & urg$1 ) mu* seem+ complac5cy1 aga9/ poetry4 ,x is1 t poetical imitation is at a great di/ance f tru?4 8,poetical expression1 says ! ,philosoph]1 is ! copy ( ! poet's own conceptions2 ! poet's conception1 ( ?+s1 & ?+s1 ( ! /&+ ar*etype1 z exi/+ 9 ! div9e m9d4 ,?us ! poet's expression1 is a copy at ?ird h&1 f ! prim>y1 orig9al tru?40 ,plat4 ,de rep4 l4 x4 ,n[ ! dilig5t /udy ( ?is rule ( ! poet obviates ?is reason+ at once4 ,=1 by ab/ract+ f exi/5ces all t peculi>ly respects & discrim9ates ! individual1 ! poet's conception1 z x 7 neglect+ ! int]m$iate p>ticul> objects1 cat*es1 z f> z may be1 & reflects ! div9e ar*etypal idea1 & s becomes itself ! copy or image ( tru?4 ,h5ce too we are taught ! =ce ( t unusual encomium on poetry by ! great critic1 t x is some?+ m sev]e & philosophical ?an hi/ory1 4 ,! reason foll[s1 :i* is n[ v intelligible2 1 ' ' 4 4 4 4 4 ,& ?is w fur!r expla9 an ess5tial diff]5ce1 z we are told1 betwe5 ! two great rivals ( ! ,greek /age4 ,sophocles1 9 return to su* z object$ a want ( tru? 9 8 *>act]s1 us$ to plead1 t he drew m5 su* z !y ought to be1 ,euripides su* z !y 74 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 ,! mean+ ( :i* is1 ,sophocles1 f 8 m ext5d$ comm]ce ) mank9d1 _h enl>g$ & wid5$ ! n>r[1 p>tial conception1 aris+ f ! contemplation ( p>ticul> *>act]s1 into a complete compreh5sion ( ! k9d4 ,:]eas ! philosophic ,euripides1 hav+ be5 mo/ly conv]sant 9 ! academy1 :5 he came to look into life1 keep+ 8 eye too int5t on s+le1 really exi/+ p]sonages1 sunk ! k9d 9 ! individual2 & s pa9t$ 8 *>act]s naturally inde$1 & truly1 ) reg>d to ! objects 9 view1 b sometimes )\t t g5]al & univ]sally /rik+ lik5ess1 :i* is dem&$ to ! full exhibition ( poetical tru?4 ,b "h an objection meets u1 :i* mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,x w be said1 8t philosophic speculations are m likely to r5d] m5's views ab/ract & g5]al ?an to conf9e !m to individuals4 ,?is latt] is a fault aris+ f ! small numb] ( objects m5 happ5 to contemplate3 & may be remov$ n only by tak+ a view ( _m p>ticul>s1 :i* is k ( ! _w2 b also by reflect+ on ! g5]al nature ( m51 z x appe>s 9 good books ( morality4 ,= ! writ]s ( su* books =m _! g5]al notion ( human nature f an ext5sive exp]i5ce 7ei!r _! own1 or t ( o!rs7 )\t :i* _! writ+s are ( no value40 ,! answ]1 ,i ?9k1 is ?is4 ,by reflect+ on ! g5]al nature ( man ! philosoph] le>ns1 :at is ! t5or ( action aris+ f ! pr$om9ancy ( c]ta9 qualities or prop]ties2 i4 e4 9 g5]al1 :at t conduct is1 :i* ! imput$ "* requires4 ,b to p]ceive cle>ly & c]ta9ly1 h[ f>1 & ) :at degree ( /r5g? ?is or t "* w1 on p>ticul> occasions1 mo/ probably %ew itself1 ?is is ! fruit only ( a k ( ! _w4 ,in/ances ( a want ( ?is k _c be suppos$ frequ5t 9 su* a writ]1 z ,euripides2 nor1 :5 !y occur1 s gl>+ z to /rike a common read]4 ,!y are niceties1 :i* c only be disc]n$ by ! true critic2 & ev5 to him1 at ?is di/ance ( "t1 f an ignorance ( ! ,greek mann]s1 t may possibly appe> a fault1 :i* is a real beauty4 ,x w\ld !re=e be dang]\s to ?9k ( po9t+ out ! places1 :i* ,ari/otle might believe liable to ?is c5sure 9 ,euripides4 ,i w h[ev] presume to m5tion "o1 :i*1 if n ju/ly criticiz$1 w1 at lea/1 s]ve to illu/rate my mean+4 ,! /ory ( 8 ,electra is well kn[n4 ,! poet _h to pa9t1 9 ! "* ( ?is pr9cess1 a virtu\s1 b fi]ce1 res5tful woman2 /ung by a s5se ( p]sonal ill treatm5t2 & in/igat$ to ! rev5ge ( a fa!r's dea?1 by /ill /rong] motives4 ,a disposition ( ?is w>m temp]am5t1 x might be conclud$ by ! philosoph] 9 8 closet1 w\ld be prompt to %ew itself4 ,electra w\ld1 on any prop] occasion1 be ready to av[ h] res5tm5t1 z well z to =w>d ! execution ( h] purpose4 ,b to :at l5g?s w\ld ?is res5tm5t g8 i4 e4 :at degree ( fi]c5ess might ,electra express1 )\t af=d+ occasion to a p]son widely skill$ 9 mank9d1 & ! op]ation ( ! passions1 to say1 8?is is improbable80 ,"h ab/ract !ories w be ( little s]vice4 ,ev5 a mod]ate acqua9tance ) real life w be unable to direct u4 ,_m individuals may h fall5 "u obs]vation1 t w ju/ify ! poet 9 c>ry+ ! expression ( su* a res5tm5t to any extreme4 ,hi/ory w\ld1 p]haps1 furni% examples1 9 :i* a virtu\s res5tm5t ha? be5 c>ri$ ev5 f>!r ?an is "h repres5t$ by ! poet4 ,:at way !n ( det]m9+ ! precise b\nds & limits ( x8 ,only by obs]v+ 9 num]\s in/ances1 i4 e4 f a l>ge ext5sive k ( practical life1 h[ f> x usually1 9 su* *>act]s1 & "u su* circum/ances1 prevails4 ,h5ce a diff]5ce ( repres5tation w arise 9 proportion to ! ext5t ( t k4 ,let u n[ see1 h[ ! "* be=e u1 ha?1 9 fact1 be5 manag$ by ,euripides4 ,9 t f9e sc5e1 :i* passes betwe5 ,electra & ,ore/es1 :om z yet %e suspects n to be h] bro!r1 ! conv]sation v naturally turns ^u ,electra's di/resses1 & ! au?or ( !m1 ,clytmne/ra1 z well z on h] hopes ( deliv]ance f !m by ! means ( ,ore/es4 ,! dialogue ^u ?is proce$s3 ,or4 ,:at !n ( ,ore/es1 7 he to return to ?is ,argos8 ,el4 ,ah6 :]e=e t "q1 :5 !re is no prospect ( 8 return at all8 ,or4 ,b suppos+ he %\ld return1 h[ w\ld he g ab\t to rev5ge ! dea? ( 8 fa!r8 ,el4 ,9 ! same way1 9 :i* t fa!r suff]$ f ! d>+ attempts ( 8 enemies4 ,or4 ,& c\ld y !n d>e to und]take ) him ! murd] ( y\r "m8 ,el4 ,yes1 ) t v /eel1 ) :i* %e murd]$ my fa!r4 ,or4 ,& am ,i at lib]ty to relate ?is to y\r bro!r1 z y\r fix$ resolution8 ,el4 ,i desire only to live1 till ,i h murd]$ my "m4 ,! ,greek is /ill /rong]3 ,may ,i die1 z soon z ,i h murd]$ my "m6 ,n[ t ?is la/ s5t5ce is absolutely unnatural1 w n be pret5d$4 ,!re h be5 d\btless _m examples1 "u ! l circum/ances1 ( an expression ( rev5ge c>ri$ ?us f>4 ,yet1 ,i ?9k1 we c h>dly help be+ a little %ock$ at ! fi]c5ess ( ?is expression4 ,at lea/ ,sophocles has n ?\ght fit to c>ry x to t extreme4 ,9 him1 ,electra cont5ts h]self ) say+ to ,ore/es1 on a simil> occasion3 8,! conduct ( ?is affair n[ re/s ^u y4 ,only let me obs]ve ?is to y1 t1 _h ,i be5 left alone1 ,i w\ld n h fail$ 9 "o ( ^! two purposes1 ei!r to deliv] myself glori\sly1 or to p]i% glori\sly40 ,:e!r ?is repres5tation ( ,sophocles be n m agreeable to tru?1 z collect$ f wide obs]vation1 i4 e4 f human nature at l>ge1 ?an t ( ,euripides1 ! capable read] w judge4 ,if x be1 ! reason ,i suppose to h be51 t ,sophocles pa9t$ 8 *>act]s1 su*1 z1 f att5d+ to num]\s in/ances ( ! same k9d1 he w\ld conclude !y ought to be2 ,euripides1 su*1 z a n>r[] sph]e ( obs]vation _h p]suad$ him !y 74 99 99 99 99 99 #cai4 ,,int]dum ,,speciosa ,,locis1 c4 ,! poet's sci5ce 9 e?ics w pr9cipally %ew itself 9 ^! two ways1 #a4 9 furni%+ prop] matt] = g5]al reflexion on human life & conduct2 &1 #b4 9 a due adju/m5t ( ! mann]s4 ,by ! =m] ( ^! two applications ( moral k a play becomes1 :at ! poet calls1 speciosa locis1 i4 e4 7= ! t]m is borr[$ f ! rhetoricians7 /rik+ 9 its moral topics3 a m]it ( ! highe/ importance on ! anci5t /age1 & :i*1 if prud5tly employ$ 9 subs]vi5cy to ! latt] m ess5tial requisite ( ! drama1 a j expression ( ! mann]s1 w des]ve to be s reput$ at all times & on e !atre4 ,! dang] is1 le/ a /udi$1 declamatory moral1 affect$ly introduc$1 or indulg$ to excess1 %\ld prejudice ! natural exhibition ( ! *>act]s1 & s conv]t ! image ( human life into an unaffect+1 philosophical dialogue4 99 99 99 99 99 #cai4 ,,morataque ,,recte ,,fabula1 c4 ,?is judgm5t ( ! poet1 9 reg>d ( ! sup]ior efficacy ( mann]s1 is g5]ally ?\ght to be contradict$ by ,ari/otle2 :o 9 treat+ ?is subject1 obs]ves1 8t let a piece be nev] s p]fect 9 ! mann]s1 s5tim5ts1 & /yle1 x w n s well answ] ! end & purpose ( trag$y1 z if defective 9 ^!1 & f9i%$ only 9 ! fable & composition40 1 1 1 4 4 4 ,m4 ,daci] ?9ks to cle> ?is matt] by say+1 8t :at ,ari/otle rem>ks holds true ( trag$y1 b n ( com$y1 ( :i* alone ,horace is "h speak+40 ,b grant+ t ! artificial contexture ( ! fable is less necess>y to ! p]fection ( com$y1 ?an ( trag$y 7z x c]ta9ly is71 yet ! t5or ( ?is :ole division1 exhort+ to correctness 9 g5]al1 makes x unque/ionable1 t ,horace mu/ int5d to include bo?4 ,! case1 z x seems to me1 is ?is4 ,! poet is n comp>+ ! respective importance ( ! fable & mann]s1 b ( ! mann]s & diction1 "u ?is ^w includ+ also numb]s4 ,he gives !m ! pref]5ce n to a good plot1 nor ev5 to f9e s5tim5ts1 b to v]sus inopes r]um nugque canor4 ,! art he speaks (1 is ! art ( express+ ! ?\ghts prop]ly1 gracefully1 & h>moni\sly3 ! pondus is ! =ce & en]gy ( good v]sification4 ,v5us is a g5]al t]m includ+ bo? k9ds ( beauty4 ,fabula does n mean ! fable 79 di/9ction f ! re/7 b simply a play4 99 99 99 99 99 #cbc4 ,,graiis ,,+5ium1 c4 ,! ,greeks be+ em95t = philosophy1 especially morals2 ! la/ obs]vation naturally gives rise to ?is4 ,= ! transition is easy f _! sup]iority1 z philosoph]s1 to _! sup]iority z poets2 & ! m easy1 z ! latt] is %ewn to be1 9 "p1 ! effect ( ! =m]4 ,n[ ?is sup]iority ( ! ,greeks 9 g5ius & eloqu5ce 7:i* w\ld imm$iately occur1 on m5tion+ ! ,socratic *>t7 be+ se5 & confess$1 we are l$ to ask1 8:5ce ?is arises40 ,! answ] is1 f _! mak+ glory1 n ga91 ! object ( _! wi%es4 99 99 99 99 99 #ccj4 ,,a]ugo ,,et ,,cura ,,peculi ,,cum ,,semel ,,imbu]it1 c4 ,?is love ( ga91 to :i* ,horace imputes ! imp]fect /ate ( ! ,roman poetry1 ha? be5 uni=mly assign$1 by ! wisdom ( anci5t times1 z ! specific bane ( arts & lett]s4 ,long9us & ,qu9tilian acc\nt1 f h5ce1 = ! decay ( eloqu5ce1 ,gal5 ( physic1 ,petronius ( pa9t+1 & ,pl9y1 ( ! :ole circle ( ! lib]al arts4 ,an +5i\s mod]n is inde$ = c>ry+ 8 views mu* fur!r4 ,he1 x seems1 w\ld acc\nt ,refl4 sur la ,poes4 et sur la ,pe9t4 v4 ii4 xiv4 = ?is public deg5]acy ( ta/e & lit]ature1 n f ! malignity ( ! selfi% passions1 b ! baleful influ5ces ( ! air1 emulat+1 ,i suppose1 h]e91 ! wisdom ( t philosophy1 :i* tea*es to lay ! private deg5]acy ( individuals on ! />s4 ,?us mu* h[ev] may be true1 t o!r causes h g5]ally co-op]at$ ) x4 ,"s ( ^!1 z might be %ewn1 did n escape ! att5tion ( ^! wise anci5ts4 ,yet !y did "r to insi/ *iefly on ?is1 :i* is e way equal to ! effect ascrib$ to x4 ,x is s 9 its nature3 ,= be+1 z ,long9us calls x1 1 a disease :i* n>r[s & contracts ! s\l1 x mu/1 ( c\rse1 re/ra9 ! g5]\s ef=ts & expansions ( g5ius2 cramp ! free p[]s & en]gies ( ! m9d1 & r5d] x unapt to op5 itself to wide views1 & to ! projection ( great1 ext5sive designs4 ,x is s 9 its consequ5ces4 ,=1 z "o says elegantly1 :5 ! passion ( av>ice gr[s g5]al 9 a c\ntry1 ! temples ( ,hon\r are soon pull$ d[n1 & all m5's sacrifices are made to ,=tune#cj4 ,?us ext+ui%+ ! s5se ( hon\r1 t div9e/ movem5t 9 our frame1 & ! only "o1 :i* c invigorate ! m9d "u ! long lab\rs ( inv5tion1 x mu/ ne$s be1 t ! fire & high _s ( g5ius g out ) x2 & dragg+ 9 its tra9 ! love ( pleasure1 t unmanlie/ ( all ! passions1 x diffuses su* a languor & impot5cy ov] ! m9d1 z mu/ leave x at l5g? a prey to a sup9e wa/+ indol5ce2 till1 z ,long9us obs]ves ( 8 own age 7& let e fri5d to lett]s deprecate ! om571 1 1 1 1 4 99 99 99 99 99 #ccc4 ,,aut ,,prodesse ,,volunt1 ,,aut ,,delect>e ,,poetae1 c4 ,?\gh ^! l9es h ! appe>ance ( g5]al criticism1 yet d !y m especially respect ! dramatic poesy4 ,?is w be evid5t f att5d+ to ! context4 ,! full boa/ & glory ( ! drama is to delight & in/ruct mank9d4 #a4 ,! latt] praise 0 m especially due to ! anci5t tragic muse1 :o did n ?9k x suffici5t to pa9t lovely p\rtraitures ( public & social virtue1 & to call 9 ! moraliz+ *orus to h] assi/ance1 b1 :i* 0 "o ( h] discrim9at+ *>act]s1 %e 0 p]petually inculcat+ e bran* ( true moral 9 ^? brief s5t5ti\s precepts1 :i* in=m & solemnize h] page4 ,to ^! precepts !n ! poet manife/ly ref]s 9 ^? l9es1 ,quicquid prcipies1 e/o brevis2 ut cito dicta ,p]cipiant animi dociles1 t5eantque fideles4 ,b :at foll[s is /ill cle>]1 #b4 ,! o!r end ( ! drama is to ent]ta91 & ?is by ! means ( probable fiction4 ,ficta1 voluptatis causa1 s9t proxima v]is4 ,& ! poet applies ?is to ! case ( ! drama 9 express words3 ,ne quodcunque volet1 poscat sibi fabula cr$i3 ,neu prans ,lami vivum pu]um extrahat alvo4 ,! in/ance ( ,lamia1 z ,mr4 ,daci] obs]ves1 is c]ta9ly tak5 f "s poet ( t "t1 :o _h be5 guilty ( ?is misconduct4 ,! read] may le>n f h5ce1 h[ int5tly ,horace pursues 8 design ( criticiz+ ! ,roman /age1 :51 9 treat+ a subject1 f its nature1 ! mo/ g5]al ( any 9 ! epi/le1 viz4 critical correctness1 we yet f9d him s indu/ri\sly recurr+ to ?is po9t4 99 99 99 99 99 #cdc4 ,,miscuit ,,utile ,,dulci4 ,! unnatural sep>ation ( ! ,,dulce ,,et ,,utile ha? done almo/ z mu* hurt 9 lett]s z t ( ! ,,hone/um ,,et ,,utile1 :i* ,tully some:]e compla9s (1 ha? done 9 morals4 ,= :ile ! polite writ]1 z he is call$1 cont5ts himself ) ! =m] ( ^! qualities1 & ! man ( erudition ) ! latt]1 x comes to pass1 z ! same writ] expresses x1 t ,,et ,,doctis ,,eloqu5tia ,,popul>is1 ,,et ,,dis]tis ,,elegans ,,doctr9a ,,desit ,orat4 iii4 99 99 99 99 99 #cfc4 ,,haec ,,amat ,,obscurum1 ,,volet ,,haec ,,sub ,,luce ,,vid]i4 ,cic]o ha? giv5 ! same precept 9 relation to oratory1 habeat illa 9 dic5do admiratio ac summa laus umbram aliquam et recessum1 quo magis id1 quod erit illum9atum1 ext>e atque em9]e videatur4 ,de orat4 l4 iii4 c4 xxvi4 99 99 99 99 99 #cgc4 ,,m$iocribus ,,esse ,,poetis ,,non ,,hom9es1 c4 ,?is judgm5t1 h[ev] sev]e x may seem1 is accord+ to ! practice ( ! be/ critics4 ,we h a rem>kable in/ance 9 ! case ( ,apollonius ,rhodius1 :o1 ?\gh1 9 ! judgm5t ( ,qu9tilian1 ! au?or ( no contemptible poem1 yet on acc\nt ( t equal m$iocrity1 :i* e :]e prevails 9 him1 0 /ruck out ( ! li/ ( good writ]s by su* sov]eign judges ( poetical m]it1 z ,ari/ophanes & ,ari/>*us4 ,qu9t4 l4 x4 c4 i4 99 99 99 99 99 #djc4 ,,dictae ,,p] ,,c>m9a ,,sortes1 ,! oracles "h spok5 (1 are su* z respect n private p]sons 7:om a natural curiosity1 quick5$ by anxi\s sup]/ition1 has ev] prompt$ to pry into _! future =tunes7 b entire communities2 & = ^! !re 0 little place1 till ,ambition _h inspir$ great & ev5tful designs1 & by involv+ ! fate ( nations1 _h r5d]$ ! k ( futurity important4 ,h5ce1 9 m>k+ ! progress ( anci5t poesy1 ,horace judici\sly po/pones oracles1 to ! celebration ( m>tial pr[ess1 z be+ t1 :i* gave ! pr9cipal eclat to !m4 ,?is species ( poetry !n is rightly plac$1 ?\gh x be true1 z ! comm5tators h object$1 t oracles 7 mu* anci5t] ?an ,hom]1 & ! ,trojan w>4 99 99 99 99 99 #djd4 ,,et ,,vitae ,,mon/rata ,,via ,,e/2 ,mean+ ! writ+s ( ,!ognis1 ,phocylides1 ,hesiod1 & o!rs1 :i*1 consi/+ :olly ( moral precepts1 are elegantly said to lay op51 or discov] ! road ( life4 ,mr4 ,daci]'s int]pretation1 :i* makes ! poet mean physics by viam vit1 is support$ by no reason4 ,il ne faut pas1 says he1 ent5dre ceci de la philosophie et des murs2 ,,c> ,horace se contr$iroit1 puisque il a dit que ce fut le premi] so9 de la poesie4 ,! le>n$ critic did n consid]1 t ! fir/ c>e ( poesy1 z expla9$ above1 & z employ$ by ,orpheus & ,amphion1 0 to inculcate policy1 n moral4 99 99 99 99 99 #djd4 ,,et ,,gratia ,,regum1 ,,pi]iis ,,t5tata ,,modis1 ,,ludusque ,,rep]tus1 ,,et ,,longorum ,,op]um ,,f9is3 ,,ne ,,=te ,,pudori ,,sit ,,tibi ,,musa ,,lyrae ,,sol]s1 ,,et ,,cantor ,,apollo4 ,?is is "o ( ^? ma/]-/rokes1 :i* make ! sov]eign *>m ( ?is poet4 ,b ! way 9 :i* x ha? be5 und]/ood1 ext+ui%es all its grace & beauty4 ,on les v]s employa1 says an int]pret]1 :o speaks ! s5se ( ! re/1 gagn] la faveur des rois1 et on les mit de t\s les jeux et de t\s les spectacles1 qu'on inv5ta p\r se delass] de ses longs travaux et de t\tes ses fatigues4 ,je v\s dis cela af9 que v\s n'ayez po9t de honte de faire la c\r aux ,muses et ,apollon4 ,&1 le/ ?is %\ld n seem explicit en\gh1 he adds 9 a c\ple ( notes1 t by ludus rep]tus1 c4 il le poete veut p>l] des trag$ies et des com$ies que l'on faisoit j\r dans les ftes solemnelles4 ,& !n1 z to ! ne =te pudori1 ,cela pr\ve qu' ,horace ne fait cet eloge de la poesie que p\r empe*] que ,pison n'en ft deg\t4 ,c any ?+ be m insipid8 ,= c\ld ! poet ?9k s meanly ( 8 art1 z to believe x want$ an apology8 ,or _h ! c\rti] s little address1 z to direct t apology imm$iately to ! ,pisos8 ,besides1 :at species ( poesy is x t he lab\rs to excuse8 ,:y1 accord+ to ?is int]pretation1 ! dramatic3 ! supreme boa/ ( 8 art1 & ! ma9 subject ( ! epi/le4 ,& 9 :at mann] does he excuse x8 ,:y1 9 recomm5d+ x1 z an agreeable amusem5t4 ,b 8 ma/]1 ,ari/otle1 w\ld h furni%$ him ) a nobl] plea3 & 'tis c]ta91 ! anci5ts talk$ at ano!r rate ( ! use & end ( ! drama4 ,let u see !n1 if ! s5se1 giv5 9 ! comm5t>y1 w br+ any relief to ! poet4 ,9 fact1 ?is :ole passage f et vit1 c4 to cantor ,apollo obliquely glances at ! two sorts ( poetry peculi>ly cultivat$ by himself1 & is an indirect apology = 8 own *oice ( !m4 ,= #a4 vit mon/rata via e/ is ! "* ( 8 s]mones4 ,& #b4 all ! re/1 ( 8 ,odes4 ,^! are recomm5d$1 agreeably to _! nature1 #a4 z ( use to conciliate ! fav\r ( pr9ces2 h]eby glanc+ at ! success ( 8 own odes1 &1 ) ! happie/ address1 ins9uat+ ! reg>d1 :i* ,augu/us paid to lett]s4 #b4 ,z contribut+ to ! mir? & ent]ta9m5t ( fea/s1 & especially z hold+ a pr9cipal place 9 ! celebration ( ^? m sacr$1 secul> fe/ivities 7longorum op]um f9em7 :i* c\ld n be duly solemniz$1 )\t ! m9i/ration ( ! lyric muse4 ,ca/is cum pu]is ign>a puella m>iti1 ,disc]et unde preces1 vatem ni musa d$isset8 #b ,ep4 i4 #acb4 ,& aga93 ego ,diis amicum1 ,sculo fe/as ref]5te luces1 ,r$didi c>m5 docilis modorum ,vatis ,horat4 ,c>m4 ,sec4 ,9 ano!r place bo? ends are express$3 te/udo ,divitum ,,m5sis et amica ,,templis4 #c ,od4 xi4 ,:]e x may be obs]v$1 ?is d\ble "* ( lyric poetry exactly corresponds to t1 :i* ! poet _h be=e expressly giv5 ( x 9 ?is v epi/le3 ! gratia regum be+ ! same z ,musa d$it fidibus ,divos pu]osque ,deorum ,et pugilem victorem et equum c]tam9e primum4 v4 #hc4 ,& ludusque rep]tus1 describ+ its o!r (fice1 ,et juv5um curas et lib]a v9a ref]re4 ib4 ,9 ?is view ! foll[+ l9e1 :i* apologizes1 n = poesy 9 g5]al1 or its noble/ species1 ! drama1 b = 8 own lyrics only1 ha?1 z ! read] p]ceives1 inf9ite grace2 & is peculi>ly m>k$ ) t ve9 ( exquisite hum\r1 s suit$ to ! g5ius ( ! epi/le1 & :i* makes "o ( ! di/+ui%+ beauties ( ! poet4 ,x ha? also an extreme propriety2 ! levity ( ! ode admitt+1 or r requir+ "s apology to ! ,pisos2 :o w\ld be naturally l$ to ?9k b meanly ( x1 9 comp>ison ( ! sublim] dramatic poetry4 ,i mu/ add1 ! v t]ms ( ! apology s expresly def9e & *>act]ize lyric poetry1 t x is some?+ /range1 x %\ld h escap$ vulg> notice3 musa lyr sol]s be+ evid5tly expla9$ by ,roman fidic5 lyr #d ,od4 iii4 #bc4 & ! epi!t cantor1 describ+ ,apollo1 z cle>ly z words c d x1 9 ! peculi> "* ( ,lyric4 99 99 99 99 99 #djg4 ,,cantor ,,apollo4 ,,natura ,,fi]et1 c4 ,! transition is delicate1 & a f9e in/ance ( t k9d ( me?od1 :i* ! ,epi/le dem&s4 ,! poet _h j be5 speak+ ( ! ode1 & its inspir]1 cantor ,apollo2 & ?is1 9 ! natural tra9 ( 8 ideas1 sugge/$ t en?usiasm1 & /ret* ( g5ius1 :i* is at once ! *>act]i/ic & glory ( ! lyric composition4 ,& ?is 0 gr\nd en\gh1 9 an ,epi/le1 to pass on to say some?+ conc]n+ ! p[] & influ5ce ( g5ius 9 poetry 9 g5]al4 ,x 0 = want ( att5d+ to s pla9 a reflexion z ?is1 t ! excell5t ,he9sius trifl$ s egregi\sly1 9 8 transpositions ( ! ,epi/les1 & 9 p>ticul> ( ?is v place4 ,& ! ha/y c5sures1 :i* ,m4 ,daci] pass$ on ! poet's me?od1 are app>5tly ow+ to no o!r cause4 ,see 8 introduct4 rem>ks4 ,b to decl>e my s5se at p>t+1 ( ! latt] ( ^! critics1 ,i w\ld say1 z he himself does ( ! =m]1 ,c'e/ assez p>l contre ,m4 ,,daci]1 dont j'e/ime et admire autant la pr(onde rudition1 que je condamne la mauvais usage qu'il en a fait en quelques r5contres4 99 99 99 99 99 #daj4 ,,alt]ius ,,sic ,,alt]a ,,poscit ,,opem ,,res1 ,,et ,,conjurat ,,amice4 ,?is conclusion1 8t art & nature mu/ conspire to ! production ( a p]fect piece10 is1 9 ! g5]al1 unque/ionably j4 ,if we w\ld "k ! di/9ct p[]s & prov9ces ( ea*1 a f9e passage 9 ,long9us w in=m u4 ,=1 ( ! five s\rces ( ! sublime1 enum]at$ by t critic1 two only1 8a gr&eur ( conception1 & ! pa!tic10 come f nature3 ! re/1 8a j arrangem5t ( figures10 8a spl5did diction10 & 8dignity ( composition10 are ( ! prov9ce ( art4 ,yet1 ?\gh _! p[]s are ?us di/9ct1 ea*1 9 ord] to atta9 its due p]fection1 mu/ conspire1 & be consociat$1 ) ! o!r4 ,= t 8sublime ( conception0 & 8pa!tic en?usiasm0 nev] make a m sure & la/+ impression1 ?an :5 cloa!d 9 ! graces1 & mod]at$ by ! sob] s5se ( art3 z1 on ! contr>y1 ! mild] beauties ( 8language0 & 8artificial composition0 are nev] s secure ( seiz+ ! att5tion1 z :5 rais$ & inspirit$ by ! pa?os1 or sublime4 ,s t ! nature ( ! union1 "h recomm5d$1 is su*1 z makes x n only necess>y to ! completion ( t great end1 viz4 ! glory ( p]fect composition2 b t ei!r "p1 9 ! alliance1 may fully effect its own4 ,all :i* is b ! l>g] explication ( ano!r passage 9 ,long9us1 :o tea*es1 t 1 ' ' 1 4 4 4 4 4 ,b "h1 9 p>t+1 x w be amus+1 p]haps1 to ! curi\s read] to obs]ve1 :at p]petual matt] ( debate ?is "q ha? furni%$ to ! anci5t le>n$4 ,x seems fir/ to h tak5 its rise f ! high pret5sion ( poets to inspiration see ,p9d4 ,od4 iii4 ,nem41 :i* 0 aft]w>ds und]/ood 9 too lit]al a s5se1 & 9 "t ext5d$ to all works ( g5ius or imitation4 ,! orator1 :o1 z ,cic]o tells u1 is ne> a-k9 to ! poet1 set up ! same claim2 pr9cipally1 z x %\ld seem1 on ! au?ority ( ,socrates1 :o1 tak+ occasion f ! ill use t _h be5 made ( rhetoric1 to decry x z an art1 0 h]e9 foll[$ by ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( 8 s*ol>s2 among/ :om 0 ,ari/otle1 ,qu9ct4 l4 ii4 c4 #ag4 :o _h writt5 a set treatise pr(ess$ly ) ?is view1 ?\gh 8 books ( rhetoric proce$ on v diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,! "q aft]w>ds appe>$ ( s mu* mom5t to ,cic]o1 t he discuss$ x 9 =m1 9 "o ( 8 dialogues ,de ,oratore4 ,& ,qu9ctilian1 9 /ill lat] times1 f\nd himself oblig$ to resume ! same debate1 & ha? accord+ly consid]$ x 9 an entire *apt]4 ,! long cont9uance ( s frivol\s a dispute1 & :i* admits s easy a decision1 w\ld g ne> to p]suade "o1 if1 z ,%akespe>e speaks1 !y _h n ! privilege ( antiquity ^u !m1 t ! p5s ( ! anci5t lit]ati 7 n always m wisely employ$1 ?an ^? ( mod]n controv]siali/s4 ,if we ask ! reason1 x w\ld seem to be ow+ to t ambiti\s _s ( subtlety & ref9em5t1 :i*1 z ,qu9tilian obs]ves1 puts m5 ^u tea*+ n :at !y believe to be true1 b :at1 f ! falsehood or app>5t /rang5ess ( ! matt]1 !y expect ! praise ( +5uity f be+ able to ma9ta94 ,?is1 ,i say1 might seem to be ! cause ( s mu* p]v]sity1 on ! fir/ view1 & unque/ionably x _h its influ5ce4 ,b ! tru? is1 ! real cause 0 some?+ m g5]al & ext5sive4 ,x 01 9 fact1 t natural pron5ess1 s ,long9us t]ms x1 9 mank9d1 to c5sure & degrade ?+s pres5t1 4 ,?is 9 no?+ holds tru]1 ?an 9 :at conc]ns ! /ate ( lit]ature2 z may be se5 f t unwe>i$ indu/ry ( ! le>n$ to decry :atev] appe>s to be ! prevail+ ta/e ( ! times2 :e!r x be 9 sugge/+ "s defect to be made good by future improvem5ts2 or1 z is m common1 because ! easi] & less invidi\s task1 9 sett+ up1 & magnify+ "s =m] examples ( a diff]5t ca/ & m]it4 ,?us1 9 ! case be=e u1 exquisite art & comm&+ g5ius1 be+ ! two only means ( ris+ to sup]ior lit]>y excell5ce1 9 proportion z any age became not$ = ! "o1 x 0 con/antly defam$1 & ! pref]5ce giv5 to ! o!r4 ,s1 dur+ ! gr[? ( lett]s 9 any /ate1 :5 a sublimity ( s5tim5t & /r5g? ( expression make1 z "u ^? circum/ances !y always w1 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! times1 ! critic1 disgu/$ ) ! rude work+s ( nature1 affects to admire only ! nic] f9i%+s & proportions ( art4 ,:51 let b ! gr[+ exp]i5ce ( a few ye>s ref9e & p]fect ! public ta/e1 & :at 0 be=e traduc$ z r\ghness & b>b>ity1 becomes at once n]ves1 dignity1 & =ce4 ,!n art is effem9acy2 & judgm5t want ( _s4 ,all n[ is rapture & inspiration4 ,! exacte/ mod]n compositions are unmanly & unnatural1 et solos vet]es leg5dos putant1 neque 9 ullis aliis esse naturalem eloqu5tiam et robur viris dignum arbitrantur4 ,qu9ct4 l4 x4 c4 i4 ,! tru? ( ?is obs]vation might he ju/ifi$ f _m examples4 ,! le>n+ & art ( ,pacuvius 7= s ,i und]/& ! epi!t doctus7 c>ri$ x be=e ! sublime ( ,accius2 j z 9 eld] ,greece ! smoo? & correct ,simonides1 t5uis ,simonides1 z ,qu9ctilian *>act]izes him1 bore away ! prize f ! l(ty & high-spirit$ s*ylus4 ,aft]w>ds inde$ ! case 0 alt]$4 ,! ,a!nians1 gr[n exact 9 ! rules ( good writ+1 became s enam\r$ ( ! bold flights ( s*ylus1 z ) a little correction to admit him on ! /age1 :o1 by ?is means1 frequ5tly ga9$ ! prize f a polite & kn[+ p1 = :at _h c]ta9ly lo/ x him 9 ! simpl]1 & less in=m$ !atre ( 8 own times4 ,?us too x f>$ ) ! eld] ,lat9 poets1 :o1 ?\gh admir$ inde$ 9 _! own age1 b ) consid]able abatem5t f ! reason be=e assign$1 7 p]fectly idoliz$ 9 t ( ,augu/us2 s z to require ! %>pe/ satire ( our poet1 to correct ! malevol5t pr9ciple f :5ce ! affectation arose4 ,b ! obs]vation holds ( our own writ]s4 ,!re 0 a "t1 :5 ! art ( ,,jonson 0 set above ! div9e/ raptures ( ,,%akespe>e4 ,! pres5t age is well conv9c$ ( ! mi/ake4 ,& n[ ! g5ius ( ,,%akespe>e is idoliz$ 9 its turn4 ,happily = ! public ta/e1 x c sc>cely be too mu* s4 ,yet1 %\ld any1 9 ! rage ( erect+ trophies to ! g5ius ( anci5t poesy1 presume to violate ! rec5t hon\rs ( m correct poets1 ! cause ( su* critical p]v]sity w be ev] ! same4 ,= all admiration ( pa/ times1 :5 excessive1 is /ill to be acc\nt$ = ! same way1 ,+5iis non ille favet plauditque sepultis1 ,no/ra s$ impugnat1 nos no/raque lividus odit4 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,poetry4 ,q4 ,,horatii ,,flacci ,,epi/ola ,,ad ,,augu/um4 ,,to ,,! ,,rev]5d ,,mr4 ,,w>burton4 ,,rev]5d ,,sir1 ,give me leave to pres5t to y ! foll[+ ,essay on ! ,epi/le to ,augu/us2 :i*1 :atev] o!r m]it x may want1 is secure ( ?is1 t x ha? be5 plann$ ^u ! be/ model4 ,= ,i "k n :at %\ld h9d] me f decl>+ to y 9 ?is public mann]1 t x 0 ! e>ly pleasure ,i receiv$ f :at y _h writt5 ( ?is sort1 :i* fir/ engag$ me 9 ! prov9ce ( criticism4 ,&1 if ,i h tak5 ^u me to illu/rate ano!r ( ! f9e/ pieces ( antiquity aft] ! same me?od1 x is because ,i f9d myself enc\rag$ to d s by high] consid]ations1 ?an ev5 ! ,au?ority ( y\r example4 ,,criticism1 consid]$ 9 its anci5t & noble/ (fice ( do+ ju/ice to ! m]its ( great writ]s1 m especially 9 works ( poetry & inv5tion1 dem&s1 to its p]fect execution1 ^! two qualities3 a philosophic _s1 capable ( p5etrat+ ! fundam5tal reasons ( excell5ce 9 e diff]5t species ( composition2 & a /rong imag9ation1 ! p>5t ( :at we call true ta/e1 enabl+ ! critic to feel ! full =ce ( 8 au?or's excell5ce himself1 & to impress a lively s5se ( x ^u o!rs4 ,ea* ( ^! abilities is necess>y4 ,= by means ( philosophy1 criticism1 :i* 7 o!rwise a vague & sup]ficial ?+1 acquires ! s\ndness & solidity ( sci5ce4 ,& f ! p[] ( fancy1 x d]ives t light & en]gy & _s1 :i* are want+ to provoke ! public emulation & c>ry ! g5]al conclusions ( reason into practice4 ,( ^! tal5ts 7to reg>d !m 9 _! sep>ate /ate7 t ( a /rong imag9ation1 z be+ ! common] ( ! two1 "o w\ld naturally suppose %\ld be ! fir/ to ex]t itself 9 ! s]vice ( criticism4 ,& ?us x seems1 9 fact1 to h happ5$4 ,= !re 7 v e>ly 9 ,greece a sort ( m51 :o1 "u ! "n ( ,,rhapsodi/s1 made x _! bus9ess to illu/rate ! beauties ( _! fav\rite writ]s4 ,?\gh _! art1 inde$1 0 v simple2 = x consi/$ only 9 act+ ! f9e/ passages ( _! works1 & 9 repeat+ !m1 ) a raptur\s k9d ( vehem5ce1 to an ec/atic auditory4 ,:5ce x appe>s1 t criticism1 z be+ yet 9 its infancy1 0 :olly turn$ to admiration2 a passion :i* true judgm5t z little indulges 9 ! s*ools ( ,art1 z s\nd philosophy 9 ^? ( ,nature4 ,accord+ly ^! enraptur$ declaim]s1 ?\gh !y travell$ d[n to ! polit] ages1 c\ld n subsi/ 9 !m4 ,! f9e ridicule ( ,plato1 9 "o ( 8 ,dialogues#ca1 & ! gr[+ ta/e = j ?9k+1 seem p]fectly to h discr$it$ ?is folly4 ,& x 0 pres5tly se5 & ackn[l$g$ ev5 by ! ,rhapsodi/ himself1 t1 h[ div9ely soev] he might feel himself affect$ by ! magnetic virtue ( ! muse1 yet1 z he c\ld give no intelligible acc\nt ( its subtle op]ations1 he 0 assur$ly no ,arti/2 4 ,f ?is "t !y1 :o took ^u !mselves ! (fice ( comm5t+ & recomm5d+ ! great writ]s ( ,greece1 dis*>g$ x 9 a v diff]5t mann]4 ,_! rese>*es grew sev]e1 inquisitive1 & rational4 ,& no wond]2 = ! p]son1 :o n[ took ! lead 9 ^! /udies1 & set ! fa%ion ( !m1 0 a philosoph]1 &1 :i* 0 happy = ! advancem5t ( ?is art1 ! ju/e/ philosoph] ( antiquity4 ,h5ce sci5tific or speculative criticism atta9$ to p]fection1 at once2 & appe>$ 9 all t sev]ity ( reason & accuracy ( me?od1 :i* ,ari/otle himself c\ld be/[ ^u x4 ,b n[ ?is might almo/ seem z viol5t an extreme z ! o!r4 ,= ?\gh to und]/& be bett] ?an to admire1 yet ! g5]ality ( read]s _c1 or w n1 und]/&1 :]e !re is no?+ = !m to admire4 ,s t reason1 = h] own sake1 is oblig$ to borr[ some?+ ( ! dress1 & to mimic ! airs1 ( fancy3 ,& ,ari/otle's reason 0 too pr\d to submit to ?is managem5t4 ,h5ce1 ! critical plan1 :i* ! ,/agirite _h =m$ ) su* rig\r ( sci5ce1 h[ev] x might satisfy ! curi\s speculati/1 want$ to be reliev$ & set (f to ! common eye by ! height5+s ( eloqu5ce4 ,?is1 ,i obs]v$1 0 ! easi] task ( ! two2 & yet x 0 v long be=e x 0 successfully attempt$4 ,among/ o!r reasons ( ?is delay1 ! pr9cipal1 z y obs]ve1 might be ! fall ( ! public fre$om ( ,greece1 :i* soon aft] foll[$4 ,= !n1 in/ead ( ! free & manly ef=ts ( g5ius1 :i* alone c\ld accompli% su* a re=mation1 ! trifl+ _s ( ! times decl9$ into m]e v]bal amusem5ts3 8:5ce10 z y say1 8s great a cl\d ( s*olia/s & gramm>ians s soon ov]-spread ! le>n+ ( ,greece1 :5 once t fam\s community _h lo/ its lib]ty#cb40 ,& :at ,greece 0 ?us unable1 ( a long "t1 to furni%1 we %all 9 va9 seek 9 ano!r great community1 :i* soon aft] fl\ri%$1 9 all lib]al /udies4 ,! g5ius ( ,rome 0 bold & elevat$ en\gh = ?is task4 ,b ,criticism1 ( any k9d1 0 little cultivat$1 nev] pr(ess$ z an art1 by ?is p4 ,! specim5s we h ( _! ability 9 ?is way 7( :i* ! mo/ elegant1 beyond dispute1 are ! two epi/les to ,augu/us1 & ! ,pisos7 are slight occasional attempts2 made 9 ! neglig5ce ( common s5se1 & adapt$ to ! peculi> exig5cies ( _! own ta/e & le>n+3 & n by any means ! regul> productions ( art1 pr(ess$ly b5d+ itself to ?is "w1 & ambiti\s to give ! la/ f9i%+ to ! critical sy/em4 ,= s great an ef=t z ?is we are to look back to ! conf9es ( ,greece4 ,& !re at l5g?1 & ev5 f b5ea? ! depression ( slav]y 7b ) a _s t might h done hon\r to its age ( greate/ lib]ty7 a ,,critic arose1 s+ul>ly qualifi$ = s g5]\s an und]tak+4 ,8 pr(ession1 :i* 0 t ( a rhetorical sophi/1 requir$ him to be fully in/ruct$ 9 ! graces & embelli%m5ts ( eloqu5ce2 & ^!1 ! vig\r ( 8 g5ius enabl$ him to compreh5d 9 _! utmo/ =ce & beauty4 ,9 a ^w1 ,,long9us 0 ! p]son1 :om1 ( all ! critics ( antiquity1 nature seems to h =m$ ) ! prop] tal5ts to give ! la/ hon\r to 8 pr(ession1 & p5etrate ! v s\l ( f9e writ+4 ,yet s b\nd$ is human wit1 & ) su* difficulty is human art compleat$1 t ev5 "h ! advantage1 :i* _h be5 s =tunately ga9$ on ! "o h&1 01 9 great measure1 lo/ & =feit$ on ! o!r4 ,he _h s(t5$ inde$ ! sev]ity ( ,ari/otle's plan2 b1 9 do+ ?is1 _h gone back aga9 too f> into ! mann] ( ! admir+ ,rhapsodi/4 ,9 %ort1 ) ! brighte/ views ( nature & true beauty1 :i* ! f9e/ imag9ation c\ld af=d to ! be/ critic1 he n[ want$1 9 a good degree1 t precision1 & dep? ( ?\ght1 :i* _h s em95tly di/+ui%$ 8 pr$ecessor4 ,=1 z ,plot9us long ago obs]v$ ( him1 ?\gh he _h approv$ himself a ma/] ( polite lit]ature1 he 0 ,,no ,philosoph]2 1 4 ,?us ! art _h be5 %ift+ reciprocally into two extremes4 ,& 9 "o or o!r ( ^! extremes1 x 0 likely to cont9ue4 ,= ! fame & em95t ability ( _! great f\nd]s _h made !m consid]$ z models1 9 _! diff]5t ways1 ( p]fect criticism4 ,only x 0 easy to =esee :i* ( !m ! hum\r ( succe$+ times w\ld be mo/ dispos$ to emulate4 ,! cat*+ en?usiasm & picturesque fancy ( ! "o w\ld be sure to prevail ov] ! coolness & au/]ity ( ! o!r4 ,accord+ly 9 ! la/ & pres5t c5tury1 :5 n[ ! dilig5ce ( le>n$ m5 _h1 by re/or+ ! purity1 op5$ an easy way to ! /udy1 ( ! old classics1 a numb]less tribe ( comm5tators h attempt$1 aft] ! mann] ( ,long9us1 to fl\ri% on ! excell5cies ( _! composition4 ,& "s ( !m1 inde$1 succe$$ s well 9 ?is me?od1 t "o is n to wond] x soon became ! popul> & only au?oriz$ =m ( :at 0 reput$ j ,criticism4 ,yet1 z no?+ b sup]ior g5ius c\ld make x tol]able ev5 9 ! be/ ( ^!1 x 0 to be expect$ 7:at exp]i5ce ha? n[ fully %ewn71 t x w\ld at l5g?1 & 9 ord9>y h&s1 deg5]ate into ! mo/ unmean+1 frivol\s1 & disgu/ful j>gon1 t ev] discr$it$ polite lett]s4 ,?is1 ,sir1 0 ! /ate 9 :i* y receiv$ mod]n ,criticism3 a /ate1 :i* c\ld only %ew y1 t1 ( ! two models1 antiquity _h furni%$ to our use1 we _h le>n$1 by an awkw>d imitation ( x1 to abuse ! wor/4 ,b x did n cont5t y\r zeal = ! s]vice ( lett]s b>ely to rem$y ?is abuse4 ,x 0 n en\gh1 9 y\r enl>g$ view ( ?+s1 to re/ore ei!r ( ^! models to its anci5t spl5d\r4 ,!y 7 bo? to be reviv$2 or r a new orig9al plan ( criticism 0 to be /ruck out1 :i* %\ld unite ! virtues ( ea* ( !m4 ,! exp]im5t 0 made on ! ,,two greate/ ( our own poets2 &1 by reflect+ all ! lights ( ! imag9ation on ! sev]e/ reason1 e ?+ 0 effect$1 :i* ! w>me/ admir] ( anci5t art c\ld promise to himself f su* an union4 ,b y w5t f>!r4 ,by jo9+ to ^! p[]s a p]fect insight into human nature1 & s ennobl+ ! ex]cise ( lit]>y1 by ! addition ( ! ju/e/ moral1 c5sure1 y h n[1 at l5g?1 advanc$ ,,criticism to its full glory4 ,n b1 consid]+ ! invet]ate foible ( mank9d1 :i* ! poet s ju/ly satirizes 9 ! foll[+ "w1 ,i mean t1 :i* disposes !m to malign & depreciate all ! ef=ts ( wit & virtue1 --nisi quae t]ris semota suisque ,temporibus defuncta videt-- ,consid]+1 ,i say1 ?is temp] ( mank9d1 y may soon]1 p]haps1 expect ! c5sures ( ! dull & envi\s ( all d5om9ations1 ?an ! c&id applause ( ! public1 ev5 = ?is s]vice4 ,i appreh5d ?is consequ5ce ! r1 because criticism1 ?\gh x be ! la/ fruit ( lit]>y exp]i5ce1 is m expos$ to ! cavils ( ignorance & vanity1 ?an1 p]haps1 any o!r species ( le>n$ application3 all m5 be+ =w>d to judge1 & few m5 giv+ !mselves leave to d\bt ( _! be+ able to judge1 ( ! m]its ( well-kn[n & popul> writ]s4 ,nor is ?is all3 ,:5 writ]s ( a c]ta9 rank condesc5d to ?is "w ( criticism1 ! innovation excites a v natural f]m5t 9 ! m5 ( ! pr(ession4 ,_! ,,jeal\sy is al>m$1 z if !re 0 a design to /rip !m ( ! only hon\r !y c reasonably pret5d to1 t ( sitt+ 9 judgm5t on ! inv5tions ( _! bett]s4 ,b to ,,judge1 he well z to ,,inv5t1 is ?\ght a viol5t encroa*m5t 9 ! republic ( ,lett]s2 n unlike ! ambition ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 :o w\ld be consuls1 & c5sors too1 t is1 w\ld h ! privilege ( exclud+ f ! s5ate1 z well z ( presid+ 9 x4 ,b if jeal\sy 7 out ( ! case1 _! ,,malignity w\ld be mu* inflam$ by ?is intrusion4 ,= :o c be> to see 8 own weak endeav\rs 9 any art1 disgrac$ by a consummate model8 ,besides1 to say ! tru?1 ! conceptions ( su* writ]s1 z ,i be=e spoke (1 lie s remote f vulg> appreh5sion1 t1 )\t ei!r jeal\sy or malignity1 ,,dullness itself w be sure to create !m _m peevi% detractors4 ,= an ord9>y critic c sc>ce help f9d+ fault ) :at he does n und]/&1 or be+ angry :]e he has no ideas4 ,on all ^! acc\nts x may possibly happ51 z ,i said1 t y\r critical lab\rs w draw ^u y mu* popul> res5tm5t & invective4 ,b if su* %\ld be ! pres5t effect ( y\r endeav\rs to cultivate & complete ?is elegant "p ( lit]ature1 y1 :o "k ! temp] ( ! le>n$ _w1 &1 by y\r em95t m]its1 h s (t provok$ its inju/ice1 w n be di/urb$ or surpriz$ at x3 mu* less %\ld x disc\rage ^? :o are dispos$ to d y m "r1 f celebrat+1 &1 z !y f9d !mselves able1 f copy+ y\r example2 ,= ,,use w fa!r :at's begot by ,,s5se1 z well 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r in/ances4 ,y see1 ,sir1 :at !re is ( encomium 9 ! turn ( ?is ,lett]1 0 int5d$ n s mu* = y\r sake1 z my own4 ,_h my purpose be5 any o!r1 ,i mu/ h *os5 v ill among ! v>i\s p>ts ( y\r "* to take ?is = ! subject ( an address to y4 ,=1 aft] all ,i h said & ?9k ( y\r critical abilities1 x might seem almo/ z /range 9 a panegyri/ on ,mr4 ,w>burton to tell ( 8 admirable criticisms on ,,pope & ,,%akespe>1 z x w\ld be 9 him1 :o %\ld design an encomium on ,socrates1 to insi/ on 8 excell5t sculpture ( ,,m]cury & ! ,,graces4 ,yet !re is a "t1 :5 x may be all[$ to lay a /ress on ! amusem5ts ( su* m54 ,x is1 :5 an adv5tur] 9 ei!r art w\ld d an hon\r to 8 pr(ession4 ,i am1 ) ! true/ e/eem1 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t & mo/ humble s]vant1 ,r4 ,,hurd4 ,,cambridge1 ,m>* #bi1 #agec4 ,q4 ,,horatii ,,flacci ,,epi/ola ,,ad ,,augu/um4 ,cum tot su/9eas et tanta negotia solus1 ,res ,italas armis tut]is1 moribus ornes1 ,legibus em5des2 9 publica commoda peccem1 ,si longo s]mone mor] tua tempora1 ,caes>4 ,romulus1 et ,lib] pat]1 et cum ,ca/ore ,pollux1 #e ,po/ +5tia fata1 ,deorum 9 templa recepti1 ,dum t]ras hom9umque colunt g5us1 asp]a bella ,conponunt1 agros adsignant1 oppida condunt2 ,plorav]e suis non respond]e favorem ,sp]atum m]itis4 diram qui contudit ,hydram1 #aj ,notaque fatali port5ta labore subegit1 ,comp]it invidiam supremo f9e dom>i4 ,urit enim fulgore suo1 qui praegravat artis ,infra se positas3 ext9ctus amabitur idem4 ,praes5ti tibi maturos l>gimur honores1 #ae ,jur&asque tuum p] num5 ponimus aras1 ,nil oriturum alias1 nil ortum tale fat5tes4 ,s$ tuus hoc populus sapi5s et ju/us 9 uno1 ,te no/ris ducibus1 te ,graiis antef]5do1 ,cet]a nequaquam simili ratione modoque #bj ,ae/imat2 et1 nisi quae t]ris semota suisque ,temporibus defuncta videt1 fa/idit et odit3 ,sic fautor vet]um1 ut ,tabulas pecc>e vetantis1 ,quas bis qu9que viri sanx]unt1 ,fo$]a regum ,vel ,gabiis vel cum rigidis aequata ,sab9is1 #be ,pontificum libros1 annosa volum9a ,vatum1 ,dictitet ,albano ,musas 9 monte locutas4 ,si1 quia ,graiorum sunt antiquissima quaeque ,scripta vel optima1 ,romani p5santur eadem ,scriptores trut9a2 non e/ quod multa loquamur3 #cj ,nil intra e/ olea1 nil extra e/ 9 nuce duri3 ,v5imus ad summum =tunae3 p+imus1 atque ,psallimus1 et luctamur ,a*ivis doctius unctis4 ,si meliora dies1 ut v9a1 poemata r$dit2 ,scire velim1 *>tis pretium quotus arroget annus1 #ce ,scriptor ab h9c annos c5tum qui decidit1 int] ,p]fectos vet]esque ref]ri debet1 an int] ,vilis atque novos8 excludat jurgia f9is4 ,e/ vetus atque probus c5tum qui p]ficit annos4 ,quid8 qui dep]iit m9or uno m5se vel anno1 #dj ,int] quos ref]5dus erit8 vet]esne poetas1 ,an quos et praes5s et po/]a respuat aetas8 ,i/e quidem vet]es int] ponetur hone/e1 ,qui vel m5se brevi1 vel toto e/ junior anno4 ,utor p]misso1 caudaeque pilos ut equ9ae #de ,paullatim vello2 et demo unum1 demo et item unum2 ,dum cadat elusus ratione ru5tis ac]vi1 ,qui r$it 9 fa/os1 et virtutem ae/imat annis1 ,miraturque nihil1 nisi quod ,libit9a sacravit4 ,ennius et sapi5s1 et =tis1 et alt] ,hom]us1 #ej ,ut critici dicunt1 levit] cur>e videtur ,quo promissa cadant1 et somnia ,py?agorea4 ,naevius 9 manibus non e/1 et m5tibus ha]et ,p5e rec5s8 adeo sanctum e/ vetus omne poema4 ,ambigitur quoti5s1 ut] utro sit prior2 auf]t #ee ,pacuvius docti famam s5is1 ,accius alti3 ,dicitur ,afran toga conv5isse ,m5&ro3 ,plautus ad exempl> ,siculi prop]>e ,epi*>mi2 ,v9c]e ,caecilius gravitate1 ,t]5tius arte4 ,hos ediscit1 et hos arto /ipata !atro #fj ,spectat ,roma pot5s2 habet hos num]atque poetas ,ad no/rum tempus1 ,liv ,scriptoris ab aevo4 ,int]dum volgus rectum videt3 e/ ubi peccat4 ,si vet]es ita miratur laudatque poetas1 ,ut nihil antef]at1 nihil illis comp>et2 errat3 #fe ,si qua$am nimis antique1 si pl]aque dure ,dic]e c$it eos1 ignave multa fatetur2 ,et sapit1 et mecum facit1 et ,jove judicat aequo4 ,non equidem insector1 del5dave c>m9a ,laev ,esse reor1 mem9i quae plagosum mihi p>vo #gj ,orbilium dict>e2 s$ em5data vid]i ,pul*raque1 et exactis m9imum di/antia1 miror3 ,int] quae v]bum emicuit si =te decorum1 ,si v]sus paulo conc9nior unus et alt]2 ,inju/e totum ducit v5itque poema4 #ge ,indignor quicquam repreh5di1 non quia crasse ,compositum1 inlepideve putetur1 s$ quia nup]3 ,nec v5iam antiquis1 s$ honorem et praemia posci4 ,recte necne crocum floresque p]ambulet ,attae ,fabula1 si dubitem2 clam5t p]iisse pudorem #hj ,cuncti p5e patres3 ea cum repreh5d]e con]1 ,quae gravis ,aesopus1 quae doctus ,roscius egit4 ,vel quia nil rectum1 nisi quod placuit sibi1 ducunt2 ,vel quia turpe putant p>]e m9oribus1 et1 quae ,inb]bi didic]e1 s5es p]d5da fat]i4 #he ,jam ,sali>e ,numae c>m5 qui laudat1 et illud ,quod mecum ignorat1 solus volt scire vid]i2 ,+5iis non ille favet plauditque sepultis1 ,no/ra s$ inpugnat1 nos no/raque lividus odit4 ,quod si tam ,graiis novitas invisa fuisset1 #ij ,quam nobis2 quid nunc esset vetus8 aut quid hab]et1 ,quod leg]et t]]etque viritim publicus usus8 ,ut primum positis nug>i ,graecia bellis ,coepit1 et 9 vitium =tuna labi] aequa2 ,nunc a?let>um /udiis1 nunc arsit equorum3 #ie ,m>moris1 aut eboris fabros1 aut a]is amavit2 ,susp5dit picta vultum m5temque tabella2 ,nunc tibic9ibus1 nunc e/ gavisa trago$is3 ,sub nutrice puella velut si lud]et infans1 ,quod cupide petiit1 mature pl5a reliquit4 #ajj ,quid placet1 aut odio e/1 quod non mutabile cr$as8 ,hoc paces habu]e bonae1 v5tique secundi4 ,romae dulce diu fuit et soll5ne1 reclusa ,mane domo vigil>e1 cli5ti prom]e jura3 ,scriptos nom9ibus rectis exp5d]e nummos3 #aje ,majores audire1 m9ori dic]e1 p] quae ,cresc]e res posset1 m9ui damnosa libido4 ,mutavit m5tem populus levis1 et calet uno ,scrib5di /udio3 pu]ique patresque sev]i ,fronde comas v9cti co5ant1 et c>m9a dictant4 #aaj ,ipse ego1 qui nullos me adfirmo scrib]e v]sus1 ,inv5ior ,p>?is m5dacior2 et prius orto ,sole vigil1 calamum et *>tas et scr9ia posco4 ,navem ag]e ign>us navis timet3 abrotonum aegro ,non audet1 nisi qui didicit1 d>e3 quod m$icorum e/1 #aae ,promittunt m$ici3 tractant fabrilia fabri3 ,scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim4 ,hic error tam5 et levis haec insania quantas ,virtutes habeat1 sic collige3 vatis av>us ,non tem]e e/ animus3 v]sus amat1 hoc /udet unum2 #abj ,detrim5ta1 fugas s]vorum1 inc5dia ridet3 ,non fraudem socio1 pu]ove incogitat ullam ,pupillo3 vivit siliquis1 et pane secundo3 ,militiae quanquam pig] et malus1 utilis urbi2 ,si das hoc1 p>vis quoque rebus magna juv>i2 #abe ,os t5]um pu]i balbumque pota figurat3 ,torquet ab obsco5is jam nunc s]monibus aurem2 ,mox etiam pectus praeceptis =mat amicis1 ,asp]itatis et invidiae corrector et irae3 ,recte facta ref]t2 ori5tia tempora notis #acj ,in/ruit exemplis2 inopem solatur et aegrum4 ,ca/is cum pu]is ign>a puella m>iti ,disc]et unde preces1 vatem ni ,musa d$isset8 ,poscit opem *orus1 et praes5tia num9a s5tit2 ,coele/is implorat aquas1 docta prece bl&us2 #ace ,av]tit morbos1 metu5da p]icula pellit2 ,inpetrat et pacem1 et locupletem frugibus annum3 ,c>m9e ,d sup]i placantur1 c>m9e ,manes4 ,agricolae prisci1 =tes1 p>voque beati1 ,condita po/ frum5ta1 levantes tempore fe/o #adj ,corpus et ipsum animum spe f9is dura f]5tem1 ,cum sociis op]um pu]is et conjuge fida1 ,tellurem porco1 ,silvanum lacte piabant1 ,floribus et v9o ,g5ium memorem brevis aevi4 ,fesc5n9a p] hunc invecta lic5tia morem #ade ,v]sibus alt]nis opprobria ru/ica fudit2 ,lib]tasque recurr5tis accepta p] annos ,lusit amabilit]3 donec jam saevus ap]tam ,9 rabiem coepit v]ti jocus1 et p] hone/as ,ire domos impune m9ax4 dolu]e cru5to #aej ,d5te lacessiti3 fuit intactis quoque cura ,conditione sup] communi3 qu9 etiam lex ,po5aque lata1 malo quae nollet c>m9e quemquam ,describi4 v]t]e modum1 =mid9e fu/is ,ad b5e dic5dum delect&umque r$acti4 #aee ,graecia capta f]um victorem cepit1 et artis ,intulit agre/i ,latio4 sic horridus ille ,defluxit num]us ,saturnius1 et grave virus ,munditiae pepul]e3 s$ 9 longum tam5 aevum ,mans]unt1 hodieque man5t1 ve/igia ruris4 #afj ,s]us enim ,graecis admovit acum9a *>tis2 ,et po/ ,punica bella quietus qua]]e coepit1 ,quid ,sophocles et ,!spis et ,aes*ylos utile f]r5t3 ,t5tavit quoque rem1 si digne v]t]e posset3 ,et placuit sibi1 natura sublimis et ac]4 #afe ,nam spirat tragicum satis1 et felicit] audet2 ,s$ turpem putat inscitus metuitque lituram4 ,cr$itur1 ex m$io quia res arcessit1 hab]e ,sudoris m9imum2 s$ habet ,como$ia tanto ,plus on]is1 quanto v5iae m9us4 aspice1 ,plautus #agj ,quo pacto p>tis tutetur amantis ephebi2 ,ut patris att5ti1 l5onis ut insidiosi3 ,quantus sit ,doss5nus edacibus 9 p>asitis3 ,quam non ad/ricto p]currat pulpita socco4 ,ge/it enim nummum 9 loculos demitt]e2 po/ hoc #age ,securus1 cadat an recto /et fabula talo4 ,quem tulit ad sc5am v5toso gloria curru1 ,exanimat l5tus spectator1 s$ulus inflat4 ,sic leve1 sic p>vum e/1 animum quod laudis av>um ,subruit ac reficit4 valeat res ludicra1 si me #ahj ,palma negata macrum1 donata r$ucit opimum4 ,saepe1 etiam audacem1 fugat hoc t]retque poetam2 ,quod num]o plures1 virtute et honore m9ores1 ,indocti1 /olidique1 et depugn>e p>ati ,si discordet eques1 m$ia int] c>m9a poscunt #ahe ,aut ursum aut pugiles3 8 nam plebecula gaudet4 ,v]um equiti quoque jam migravit ab aure voluptas ,omnis1 ad +ratos oculos1 et gaudia vana4 ,quatuor aut pluris aulaea premuntur 9 horas2 ,dum fugiunt equitum turmae1 p$itumque cat]vae3 #aij ,mox trahitur manibus regum =tuna retortis3 ,ess$a fe/9ant1 pil5ta1 petorrita1 naves3 ,captivum portatur ebur1 captiva ,cor9?us4 ,si =et 9 t]ris1 rid]et ,democritus2 seu ,div]sum confusa g5us pan!ra camelo1 #aie ,sive elephas albus volgi conv]t]it ora3 ,spect>et populum ludis att5tius ipsis1 ,ut sibi praeb5tem mimo spectacula plura3 ,scriptores autem n>r>e put>et asello ,fabellam surdo4 nam quae p]v9c]e voces #bjj ,evalu]e sonum1 ref]unt quem no/ra !atra8 ,g>ganum mugire putes nemus1 aut m>e ,tuscum4 ,tanto cum /repitu ludi spectantur1 et artes1 ,divitiaeque p]egr9ae3 quibus oblitus actor ,cum /etit 9 sc5a1 concurrit dext]a laevae3 #bje ,dixit adhuc aliquid8 nil sane4 quid placet ergo8 ,lana ,t>5t9o violas imitata v55o4 ,ac ne =te putes me1 quae fac]e ipse recusem1 ,cum recte tract5t alii1 laud>e maligne3 ,ille p] ext5tum funem mihi posse videtur #baj ,ire poeta2 meum qui pectus inanit] angit1 ,inritat1 mulcet1 falsis t]roribus inplet1 ,ut magus2 et modo me ,!bis1 modo ponit ,a!nis4 ,v]um age1 et 81 qui se lectori cr$]e malunt1 ,quam spectatoris fa/idia f]re sup]bi1 #bae ,curam imp5de brevem3 si munus ,apoll9e dignum ,vis compl]e libris2 et vatibus add]e calc>1 ,ut /udio majore petant ,helicona vir5tem4 ,multa quidem nobis facimus mala saepe potae1 7,ut v9eta egomet ca$am mea7 cum tibi librum #bbj ,sollicito damus1 aut fesso3 cum la$imur1 unum ,si quis amicorum e/ ausus repr5d]e v]sum3 ,cum loca jam recitata revolvimus inrevocati3 ,cum lam5tamur non adp>]e labores ,no/ros1 et t5ui d$ucta poemata filo3 #bbe ,cum sp]amus eo rem v5turam1 ut1 simul atque ,c>m9a resci]is nos f+]e1 commodus ultro ,arcessas1 et eg]e vetes1 et scrib]e cogas4 ,s$ tam5 e/ op]ae pretium cognosc]e1 qualis ,a$ituos habeat belli spectata domique #bcj ,virtus1 indigno non committ5da poetae4 ,gratus ,alex&ro regi ,magno fuit ille ,*o]ilos1 incultis qui v]sibus et male natis ,rettulit acceptos1 regale nomisma1 ,philippos4 ,s$ veluti tractata notam labemque remittunt #bce ,atram5ta1 f]e scriptores c>m9e fo$o ,spl5dida facta l9unt4 idem rex ille1 poma ,qui tam ridiculum tam c>e prodigus emit1 ,edicto vetuit2 ne quis se1 praet] ,apell5 ,p+]et1 aut alius ,lysippo cud]et a]a #bdj ,=tis ,alex&ri voltum simulantia4 quod si ,judicium subtile vid5dis artibus illud ,ad libros et ad haec ,mus>um dona voc>es2 ,boeotum 9 crasso jur>es are natum4 ,at neque d$ecorant tua de se judicia1 atque #bde ,mun]a1 quae multa dantis cum laude tul]unt1 ,dilecti tibi ,virgilius ,v>iusque poetae3 ,nec magis expressi voltus p] anea signa1 ,quam p] vatis opus mores animique virorum ,cl>orum adp>5t4 nec s]mones ego mallem #bej ,rep5tis p] humum1 quam res compon]e ge/as1 ,t]r>umque situs1 et flum9a dic]e1 et arcis ,montibus impositas1 et b>b>a regna1 tuisque ,auspiciis totum confecta duella p] orbem1 ,clau/raque cu/odem pacis cohib5tia ,janum1 #bee ,et =midatam ,p>?is1 te pr9cipe1 ,romam3 ,si quantum cup]em1 possem quoque4 s$ neque p>vum ,c>m5 maje/as recipit tua2 nec meus audet ,rem t5t>e pudor1 quam vires f]re recus5t4 ,s$ulitas autem /ulte1 quem diligit1 urguet2 #bfj ,praecipue cum se num]is comm5dat et arte4 ,discit enim citius1 mem9itque lib5tius illud ,quod quis d]idet1 quam quod probat et v5]atur4 ,nil moror (ficium1 quod me gravat3 ac neque ficto ,9 pejus voltu proponi c]eus usquam1 #bfe ,nec prave factis decor>i v]sibus opto3 ,ne rubeam p+ui donatus mun]e1 et una ,cum scriptore meo capsa porrectus op]ta1 ,def]> 9 vicum v5d5tem tus et odores1 ,et pip]1 et quicquid *>tis amicitur ineptis4 #bgj ,,comm5t>y4 ,,epi/ola ,,ad ,,augu/um4 ,9 conduct+ ?is "w1 :i* is an apology = ! poets ( 8 own "t1 ! me?od ( ! writ] is no o!r1 ?an t :i* pla9 s5se1 & ! subject itself1 requir$ ( him4 ,=1 z ! ma9 dislike to ! ,augu/an poets _h aris5 f an excessive rev]5ce paid to _! eld] bre?r51 ! fir/ "p ( ! epi/le f v4 #a to #aah is v naturally laid out 9 ! ridicule & confutation ( s absurd a prejudice4 ,& hav+1 by ?is prep>ation1 obta9$ a c&id he>+ = 8 def5ce1 he !n proce$s 9 :at foll[s1 to ! end to v9dicate _! real m]its2 sett+ 9 view ! excell5cies ( ! ,lat9 poetry1 z cultivat$ by ! great mod]n ma/]s2 & ?r[+ ! blame ( _! ill success1 & ( ! contempt 9 :i* !y _h la91 n s mu* on !mselves1 or _! pr(ession 7! dignity ( :i*1 9 p>ticul>1 he insi/s highly ^u1 & ass]ts ) _s7 z on ! vici\s ta/e ( ! age1 & c]ta9 unfav\r+ circum/ances1 :i* _h accid5tally concurr$ to di%on\r bo?4 ,?is idea ( ! g5]al plan be+ compreh5d$1 ! read] w f9d x no difficulty to p]ceive ! ord] & arrangem5t ( p>ticul> p>ts1 :i* ! natural transition ( ! poet's ?\ght ins5sibly drew along ) x4 #e-aah4 ,,romulus1 ,,et ,,lib] ,,pat]1 c4 ,! subject comm5ces f v4 #e1 :]e1 by a contrivance ( great beauty1 a p]t95t illu/ration ( ! poet's argum5t becomes an (f]+ ( ! happie/ address to ! emp]or4 ,its d\ble purpose may be se5 ?us4 ,8 prim>y int5tion 0 to take (f ! =ce ( prejudice aga9/ mod]n poets1 aris+ f ! sup]ior v5]ation ( ! anci5ts4 ,to ?is end ! fir/ ?+ want+ 0 to demon/rate by "s /rik+ in/ance1 t x 01 inde$1 no?+ b prejudice2 :i* he does effectually 9 tak+ t in/ance f ! h]oic1 t is1 ! mo/ rev]$1 ages4 ,= if su*1 ^: ackn[l$g$ virtues & em95t s]vices _h rais$ !m to ! rank ( h]oes1 t is1 9 ! pagan conception ( ?+s1 to ! hon\rs ( div9ity1 c\ld n secure _! fame1 9 _! own times1 aga9/ ! malevol5ce ( sl&]1 :at wond] t ! race ( wits1 ^: obscur] m]it is less likely to dazzle ! public eye1 & yet1 by a peculi> fatality1 is m apt to awak5 its jeal\sy1 %\ld f9d !mselves oppress$ by its rude/ c5sure8 ,9 ! =m] case ! hon\rs1 :i* equal po/]ity paid to excell+ wor?1 decl>e all su* c5sure to h be5 ! calumny ( malice only4 ,:at reason !n to conclude1 x _h any o!r orig9al 9 ! latt]8 ,?is is ! poet's argum5t4 ,b n[1 ( ^! wor?ies !mselves1 :om ! ju/ice ( grateful po/]ity _h snat*$ out ( ! h&s ( detraction1 !re 7 "s1 x seems1 ^: illu/ri\s s]vices ! virtue or va9-glory ( ! emp]or mo/ affect$ to emulate2 & ^!1 !re=e1 ! poet1 by an +5i\s flatt]y1 selects = examples to 8 g5]al obs]vation1 ,romulus1 et ,lib] pat]1 et cum ,ca/ore ,pollux ,po/ +5tia fata1 c4 ,fur!r1 z ! good =tune ( ,augu/us1 ?\gh adorn$ ) ! same enviable qualities1 _h exempt$ him f ! injuries :i* _h con/antly befall5 ^? admir$ *>act]s1 ?is peculi> circum/ance 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 pr9ce af=ds him ! happie/ occasion1 flatt]y c\ld desire1 ( pay+ di/+ui%$ hon\rs to 8 glory4 ,praes5ti tibi maturos l>gimur honores4 ,& ?is con/itutes ! f9e address & complim5t ( 8 ,application4 ,b ?is ju/ice1 :i* ,augu/us _h exact$1 z x 71 by ! v au?ority ( 8 virtue1 f 8 applaud+ p1 0 b ill dis*>g$ 9 o!r in/ances4 ,s$ tuus hoc populus sapi5s et ju/us 9 uno1 ,te no/ris ducibus1 te ,graiis antef]5do1 ,cet]a nequaquam simili ratione modoque ,ae/imat1 c4 ,& ?us ! v exception to ! g5]al rule1 :i* =ms ! encomium1 leads him ) advantage into 8 argum5t2 :i* 0 to obs]ve & expose 8! malignant influ5ce ( prepossession 9 ob/ruct+ ! prop] glories ( liv+ m]it40 ,s t1 z good s5se dem&s 9 e reasonable panegyric1 ! praise results f ! nature & f\ndation ( ! subject-matt]1 & is n viol5tly & reluctantly dragg$ into x4 ,8 g5]al *>ge aga9/ 8 c\ntrym5 8( _! bigott$ atta*m5t to ^?1 dignifi$ by ! "n ( anci5ts1 9 prejudice to ! j des]ts ( ! mod]ns10 be+ ?us deliv]$2 & ! folly ( su* conduct1 ) "s agreeable exagg]ation1 expos$2 he sets himself ) a happy mixture ( irony & argum5t1 z well becomes ! g5ius & "* ( ! epi/le1 to confute ! pret5ces1 & ov]turn ! v f\ndations1 on :i* x re/$4 ,"o ma9 support ( _! folly 0 tak5 f an all[$ fact1 viz4 8,t ! olde/ ,greek writ]s 7 inconte/ably sup]ior to ! mod]n ones40 ,f :5ce !y inf]r$1 t x 0 b accord+ to nature & ! c\rse ( exp]i5ce1 to give ! l pref]5ce to ! olde/ ,roman ma/]s4 ,8 confutation ( ?is sophism consi/s ( two p>ts4 ,fir/1 f v4 #bh to #cb he insi/s on ! evid5t absurdity ( ! op9ion he is confut+4 ,!re 0 no reason+ ) p]sons1 capable ( su* extravagant positions4 ,b1 secondly1 ! pret5d$ fact itself1 ) reg>d to ! ,greek le>n+1 0 grossly misund]/ood1 or p]v]sely appli$4 ,= f v4 #cb to #cd x 0 n true1 nor c\ld x be admitt$1 t ! v olde/ ( ! ,greek writ]s 7 ! be/1 b ^? only1 :i* 7 old1 9 comp>ison ( ! m]e mod]n ,greeks4 ,! s mu* applaud$ models ( ,grecian antiquity 7 !mselves mod]n1 9 respect ( ! /ill old] & rud] essays ( _! fir/ writ]s4 ,x 0 long discipl9e & cultivation1 ! same :i* _h giv5 ! ,greek arti/s 9 ! ,augu/an reign a sup]iority ov] ! ,roman1 t by degrees e/abli%$ ! good ta/e1 & fix$ ! au?ority ( ! ,greek poets2 f :i* po9t x 0 natural & ev5 necess>y = succe$+1 i4 e4 ! mod]n ,greeks to decl9e4 ,b no consequ5ce lay f h5ce to ! advantage ( ! ,lat9 poets1 9 "q2 :o 7 :olly unfurni%$ ) any previ\s /udy ( ! arts ( v]se2 & ^: works c\ld only be comp>$ ) ! v olde/1 t is1 ! rude =gott5 essays ( ! ,greek poetry4 ,s t ! f9e s5se1 s closely %ut up 9 ?is concise c\plet1 comes out ?us3 8,! mod]n ,greek ma/]s ( ! f9e arts are confess$ly sup]ior to ! mod]n ,roman4 ,! reason is1 !y h practis$ !m long]1 & ) m dilig5ce4 ,j s1 ! mod]n ,roman writ]s mu/ ne$s h ! advantage ( _! old ones3 :o _h no k ( writ+1 z an art1 or1 if !y _h1 took b small c>e to put x 9 practice40 ,fur!r1 ?is plea ( antiquity is z unc]ta9 9 its application1 z x 0 de/itute ( all tru? & reason 9 its orig9al f\ndation4 ,= if age only mu/ be> away ! palm1 :at way is !re ( det]m9+1 :i* writ]s are mod]n1 & :i* anci5t8 ,! impossibility ( fix+ ?is to ! satisfaction ( an objector1 :i* is pursu$ to v4 #ej ) mu* agreeable raill]y1 makes x evid5t1 t ! circum/ance ( antiquity is absolutely no?+2 & t 9 e/imat+ ! m]it ( writ]s1 ! real1 intr9sic excell5ce ( _! writ+s !mselves is alone to be reg>d$4 ,?us f> ! poet's int5t 0 to combat ! g5]al prejudice ( ! critic1 ,qui r$it 9 fa/os et virtutem ae/imat annis4 ,tak+ ! fact = grant$ 8( 8 /rong prepossession = antiquity1 z su*0 he w\ld discr$it1 bo? by raill]y & argum5t1 s absurd a conduct4 ,:at he ga9s1 by ?is disposition1 is to come to ! p>ticul>s ( 8 *>ge ) m advantage4 ,= ! popul> contempt ( mod]n composition1 %elt]+ itself "u a %ew ( le>n$ admiration ( ! anci5ts1 ^: age & reputation _h made !m truly v5]able1 & ^: g5u9e m]its1 9 ! ma91 c\ld n be disput$1 a direct attack ^u _! fame1 at sett+ out1 )\t any s(t5+1 _h disgu/$ ! mo/ mod]ate2 :]eas ?is prefatory appeal to common s5se1 "u ! cov] ( g5]al criticism1 w\ld ev5 dispose bigotry itself to af=d ! poet a c&id he>+4 ,8 accusation !n ( ! public ta/e comes 91 "h1 v p]t95tly2 & is deliv]$1 ) address f v4 #ej to #fc 9 a p>ticul> detail ( ! judgem5ts pass$ ^u ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! old ,roman poets1 by ! g5]ality ( ! mod]n critics2 :]e1 to w9 ^u _! prejudices /ill fur!r by 8 g5]osity & good fai?1 he scruples n to rec\nt su* ( _! det]m9ations on ! m]it ( anci5t writ]s1 z 7 reasonable & well f\nd$1 z well z o!rs1 t he deem$ less j1 & z su* int5d$ m imm$iately to expose4 ,we see !n ) :at art ! poet conducts himself 9 ?is attack on ! anci5ts1 & h[ x s]v$ 8 purpose1 by turns1 to s(t5 & aggravate ! *>ge4 ,fir/1 8he want$ to l[] ! reputation ( ! old poets40 ,?is 0 n to be done by g5]al invective or an affect$ dissimulation ( _! j praise4 ,he admits !n f v4 #fc to #ff _! reasonable pret5sions to admiration4 ',tis ! degree ( x alone1 to :i* he objects4 ,si vet]es ,,ita miratur laudatque1 c4 ,secondly1 8he want$ to draw (f _! applauses f 8! anci5t to ! mod]n poets40 ,?is requir$ ! advantages ( ^? mod]ns to be di/9ctly %ewn1 or1 :i* comes to ! same1 ! comp>ative defici5cies ( ! anci5ts to be po9t$ out4 ,^! 7 n to be dissembl$1 & are1 z he op5ly insi/s to v4 #fi obsolete language1 rude & b>b>\s con/ruction1 & slov5ly composition1 ,si qua$am nimis ,,antique1 si pl]aque ,,dure1 ,dic]e c$it eos1 ,,ignave multa4 ,b :at !n8 an objector replies1 ^! 7 v5ial faults1 surely2 ! defici5cies ( ! times1 & n ( ! m52 :o1 ) su* incorrectnesses z are "h not$1 might /ill possess ! greate/ tal5ts1 & produce ! noble/ designs4 ,?is f v4 #fi to #gi is readily admitt$4 ,b1 9 ! mean "t1 "o ?+ 0 cle>1 t !y 7 n f9i%$ models--exactis m9imum di/antia4 ,:i* 0 ! ma9 po9t 9 dispute4 ,= ! bigot's absurdity lay 9 ?is1 ,non v5iam antiquis1 s$ honorem et praemia posci4 ,nay1 8 folly is %ewn to h gone /ill great] l5g?s4 ,^! boa/$ models ( antiquity1 ) all _! imp]fections1 _h occasionally v4 #gc1 #gd ?\gh ! in/ances 7 inde$ r>e & ?9ly scatt]$1 /rik+ beauties4 ,^!1 "u ! recomm5dation ( age1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 comm&s our rev]5ce1 might well impose on ! judgem5ts ( ! g5]ality1 & /&+ =? ) advantage1 z f a %ad$ & d>k gr\nd1 w\ld naturally cat* ! eye & admiration ( ! m le>n$4 ,?us mu* ! poet c&idly ins9uates 9 excuse ( ! bigot's ill judgm5t4 ,b1 unluckily1 he _h cut himself (f f ! b5efit ( ?is plea1 by av[$ly gr\nd+ 8 admiration1 n m]ely on ! intr9sic excell5ce1 s f> z x w5t1 ( ! anci5t poetry itself2 b on ! advantage ( any extrane\s circum/ance1 :i* b casually /uck to x4 ,! accid5t ( a play's hav+ pass$ ?\gh ! m\?1 & be5 grac$ by ! action1 ( a j speak]1 0 suffici5t f v4 #gi to #hc 7s inexcusable 7 8 prejudices7 to attract 8 wond]1 & ju/ify 8 e/eem4 ,9 s mu* t x became an insol5ce1 g5]ally cri$ out ^u1 = any "o to c5sure su* pieces ( ! !atre1 ,quae gravis sopus1 quae doctus ,roscius egit4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x 0 no long] a d\bt1 :e!r ! affect$ admiration ( antiquity proce$$ f a delud$ judgm5t only1 or a mu* worse cause4 ,x c\ld pla9ly be resolv$ into no o!r1 ?an ! willful ag5cy ( ! malignant affections2 :i*1 :]ev] !y prevail1 corrupt ! simple & +5u\s s5se ( ! m9d1 ei!r #a4 v4 #hc 9 eng5dr+ high conceits ( self1 & ref]r+ all degrees ( excell5ce to ! suppos$ infallible /&>d ( e man's own judgm5t2 or #b4 to v4 #hf 9 creat+ a false %ame1 & reluctancy 9 u to be direct$ by ! judgm5ts ( o!rs1 ?\gh se5 to be m equitable1 :5ev] !y are f\nd 9 opposition to our own root$ & preconceiv$ op9ions4 ,! bigotry ( old ,m5 is1 especially1 = ?is reason1 inv9cible4 ,!y hold !mselves upbraid$ by ! %>p] sight ( _! juniors2 & reg>d ! adoption ( new s5tim5ts1 at _! ye>s1 z s mu* absolute loss on ! side ( ! dead /ock ( _! old lit]>y possessions4 ,^! consid]ations are g5]ally ( su* preval5cy 9 great vet]an critics1 t f v4 #hf to #ij :5ev]1 z 9 ! case be=e u1 !y pret5d an uncommon zeal = antiquity1 & _! sagacity piques itself on detect+ ! sup]ior value ( obscure rhapsodi/s :om no body else reads1 or is able to und]/&1 we may be sure ! secret view ( su*1 is1 n ! g5]\s def5ce & patronage ( anci5t wit1 b a l[ malevol5t pleasure 9 decry+ ! j pret5sions ( ! mod]n4 ,+5iis non ille favet plauditque sepultis1 ,no/ra s$ impugnat1 nos no/raque lividus odit4 ,! poet _h1 n[1 made appe> ! unreasonable atta*m5t ( 8 c\ntrym5 to ! fame ( _! old writ]s4 ,he _h ?or\ghly unravell$ ! sophi/ical pret5ces1 on :i* x affect$ to ju/ify itself2 & _h ev5 d>$ to unveil ! secret iniquit\s pr9ciple1 f :i* x arose4 ,x 0 n[ "t to look =w>d to ! effects ( x2 :i* 71 9 tru?1 v baleful2 its poison\s influ5ces be+ ( =ce to corrupt & )]1 z x 71 9 ! bud1 e ris+ species ( excell5ce1 & fatally to *eck ! v hopes & t5d5cies ( true g5ius4 ,no?+ c be tru]1 ?an ?is rem>k2 :i* he fur!r en=ces1 & br+s home to 8 adv]s>ies1 by ask+ a p]t95t "q1 to :i* x conc]n$ !m to make a s]i\s reply4 ,!y _h magnifi$ v4 #bh ! p]fection ( ! ,greek models4 ,b :at to v4 #ic if ! ,greeks _h conceiv$ ! same av]sion to novelties1 z ! ,romans8 ,h[ !n c\ld ^? models h ev] be5 furni%$ to ! public use8 ,! "q1 we see1 ins9uates :at 0 be=e affirm$ to be ! tru? ( ! case2 t ! unrivall$ excell5ce ( ! ,greek poets proce$$ only f long & vigor\s ex]cise1 & a pa9ful un9t]rupt$ application to ! arts ( v]se4 ,! lib]al _s ( t p l$ !m to c\nt5ance e new attempt t[>ds sup]ior lit]>y excell5ce2 & s1 by ! public fav\r1 _! writ+s1 f rude essays1 became at l5g? ! /&>d & admiration ( succe$+ wits4 ,! ,romans _h treat$ _! adv5tur]s q o!rwise1 & ! effect 0 answ]able4 ,?is is ! purport ( :at to a common eye may look l a digression f v4 #ic to #ajh1 9 :i* is del9eat$ ! v diff]5t g5ius & practice ( ! two nations4 ,= ! ,greeks to v4 #ajb _h appli$ !mselves1 9 ! int]vals ( _! leisure f ! toils ( w>1 to ! cultivation ( e species ( elegance1 :e!r 9 arts1 or lett]s2 & lov$ to *]i% ! public emulation1 by af=d+ a free indulg5ce to ! v>i\s & volatile disposition ( ! times4 ,! activity ( ^! re/less spirits1 0 incessantly attempt+ "s new & untry$ =m ( composition2 &1 :5 t 0 br\ght to a due degree ( p]fection1 x turn$1 9 good "t1 to ! cultivation ( "s o!r4 ,quod cupide petiit1 mature pl5a reliquit4 ,s t ! v caprice ( hum\r v4 #aja assi/$1 9 ?is lib]t9e c\ntry1 to advance & help =w>d ! public ta/e4 ,su* 0 ! effect ( peace & opportunity ) !m4 ,hoc paces habu]e bonae v5tique secundi4 ,:]eas ! ,romans to v4 #ajh by a m compos$ temp]am5t & saturn9e complexion _h devot$ _! pa9s to ! pursuit ( dome/ic utilities1 & a m dext]\s managem5t ( ! arts ( ga94 ,! consequ5ce ( :i* 01 t :5 to v4 #aag by ! decay ( ! old frugal _s1 ! necess>y effect ( ov]fl[+ pl5ty & ease1 !y began1 at l5g?1 to seek out = ! elegancies ( life2 & a fit ( v]sify+1 ! fir/ ( all lib]al amusem5ts1 t usually seizes an idle p1 _h come ^u !m2 _! ignorance ( rules1 & want ( ex]cise 9 ! art ( writ+1 r5d]$ !m :olly unfit to succe$ 9 x4 ,s t _! awkw>d attempts 9 poetry 7 n[ z disgraceful to _! ta/e1 z _! total disreg>d ( x1 be=e1 _h be5 to _! civility4 ,! root ( ?is mis*ief 0 ! idolatr\s reg>d paid to _! anci5t poets3 :i* unluckily1 :5 ! public emulation 0 set a go+1 n only *eck$ its progress1 b gave x a wrong bias2 &1 in/ead ( help+ true g5ius to out/rip ! lame & t>dy endeav\rs ( anci5t wit1 drew x aside into a vici\s & unpr(itable mimicry ( its v imp]fections4 ,:5ce x _h come to pass1 t1 :]eas 9 o!r arts1 ! previ\s k ( rules is requir$ to ! practice ( !m1 9 ?is ( v]sify+1 no su* qualification 0 deem$ necess>y4 ,scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim4 ,?is mis*ance 0 d\bly fatal to ! ,lat9 poetry4 ,= ! ill success ( ^! bl9d adv5tur]s _h increas$ ! orig9al mis*ief1 by confirm+1 z x ne$s mu/1 ! sup]/iti\s rev]5ce ( ! old writ]s2 & ins5sibly br\ght1 z well ! art itself1 z ! mod]n pr(essors ( x1 into disrepute ) ! disc]n+ public4 ,! v9dication ( bo?1 !n1 at ?is critical juncture1 0 become highly seasonable2 & to ?is1 :i* 0 ! poet's ma9 purpose1 he addresses himself ?r\gh ! rema9d] ( ! epi/le4 #aah to ! end4 ,,hic ,,error ,,tam51 c4 ,hav+ suffici5tly obviat$ ! popul> & reign+ prejudices aga9/ ! mod]n poets1 8 (fice ( advocate = _! fame1 :i* he _h und]tak51 & 0 n[ to dis*>ge1 9 =m1 requir$ him to set _! real m]its & pret5sions 9 a j light4 ,he ent]s !re=e imm$iately on ?is task4 ,&1 9 draw+ ! "* ( ! true poet1 endeav\rs to impress ! ,emp]or ) z advantage\s an idea z possible1 ( ! wor? & dignity ( 8 call+4 ,& ?is1 n 9 ! fi]ce insult+ tone ( a zealot = ! hon\r ( 8 ord]1 :i* to ! great is always disgu/+1 & :]e ! occasion is1 confess$ly1 n ( ! la/ importance1 pla9ly absurd2 b ) t unpret5d+ air ( ins9uation1 :i* good s5se1 improv$ by a ?or\gh k ( ! _w1 tea*es3 ) t seem+ indiff]5ce :i* dis>ms prejudice3 9 a ^w1 ) t graci\s smile 9 8 aspect1 :i* 8 /rong admir] & fa9t copy]1 ,p]sius1 s ju/ly not$ 9 him1 & :i* conv9ces almo/ )\t ! help ( argum5t2 or to say x m truly1 p]suades :]e x do? n prop]ly conv9ce4 ,9 ?is disposition he sets out on 8 def5ce2 & yet omits no p>ticul>1 :i* c\ld any way s]ve to ! real recomm5dation ( poets1 or :i* inde$1 ! grave/ or w>me/ ( _! fri5ds h ev] plead$ 9 _! behalf4 ,?is def5ce consi/s f v4 #aah to #aci 9 br++ into view _! _m civil1 moral1 & religi\s virtues4 ,= ! muse1 z ! poet cont5ds 7& no?+ c\ld be m likely to conciliate ! e/eem ( ! politic emp]or7 adm9i/]s1 9 ?is ?reefold capacity1 to ! s]vice ( ! /ate4 ,b ,religion1 :i* 0 its noble/ end1 01 besides1 ! fir/ object ( poetry4 ,! dramatic muse1 9 p>ticul>1 _h h] bir?1 & d]iv$ h] v "*1 f x4 ,?is circum/ance !n leads him ) advantage1 to give an hi/orical d$uction ( ! rise & progress ( ! ,lat9 poesy1 f its fir/ rude work+s 9 ! days ( b>b>\s sup]/ition1 ?r\gh e successive p]iod ( its improvem5t1 d[n to 8 own times4 ,su* a view ( its desc5t & gradual re=mation 0 directly to ! poet's purpose4 ,= hav+ magnifi$ ! virtues ( 8 ord]1 z ( su* importance to society1 ! "q naturally occurr$1 by :at unhappy means x _h fall5 out1 t x 01 nev]!less1 9 su* l[ e/imation ) ! public4 ,! answ] is1 t ! /ate ( ! ,lat9 poetry1 z yet1 0 v rude & imp]fect3 & s ! public disreg>d 0 occasion$1 only1 by its n hav+ atta9$ to t degree ( p]fection1 ( :i* its nature 0 capable4 ,_m reasons _h concurr$ to keep ! ,lat9 poetry 9 ?is /ate1 :i* he proce$s to enum]ate4 ,! fir/ & pr9cipal 0 f v4 #aci to #afd ! little att5tion paid to critical le>n+1 & ! cultivation ( a correct & j _s ( composition4 ,:i*1 aga91 _h aris5 f ! co>se illib]al disposition ( ! ,lat9 muse1 :o _h be5 nurtur$ & br\ght up "u ! ro( ( rural sup]/ition2 & ?is1 by an impure mixture ( lic5ti\s jollity1 _h s corrupt$ h] v nature1 t x 0 only by sl[ degrees1 & n till ! conque/ ( ,greece _h import$ arts & le>n+ into ,italy1 t %e began to *a/ise h] mann]s1 & assume a ju/] & m becom+ deportm5t4 ,& /ill %e 0 b 9 ! condition ( a ru/ic beauty1 :51 practis+ h] aukw>d airs1 & mak+ h] fir/ ungraci\s essays t[>ds a mann]4 9 longum tam5 aevum ,mans]unt1 hodieque man5t ve/igia ruris4 ,h] late acqua9tance ) ! ,greek models _h1 inde$1 improv$ h] air1 & inspir$ an incl9ation to emulate _! noble/ graces4 ,b h[ successfully1 we are giv5 to und]/& f h] unequal attempts 9 ! two sublim] species ( _! poetry1 ! ,,tragic1 ,,& ,,comic ,,dramas4 #a4 f v4 #afj to #afh ,! /udy ( ! ,greek trag$ians _h v naturally1 & to good purpose1 9 ! infancy ( _! ta/e1 dispos$ ! ,lat9 writ]s to translation4 ,"h !y /uck long2 = _! trag$y1 ev5 9 ! ,augu/an age1 0 little else2 & yet !y succe$$ b indiff]5tly 9 x4 ,! bold & animat$ g5ius ( ,rome 01 x is readily own$1 well suit$ to ?is "w4 ,& = =ce ( col\r+1 & a truly tragic elevation1 ! ,roman poets came n beh9d _! great orig9als4 ,b un=tunately _! judgm5t 0 un=m$1 & !y 7 too soon satisfi$ ) _! own productions4 ,/r5g? & fire 0 all !y endeav\r$ aft]4 ,& ) ?is praise !y sate d[n p]fectly cont5t$4 ,! discipl9e ( correction1 ! curi\s poli%+ ( art1 :i* _h giv5 su* a lu/re to ! ,greek trag$ians1 !y knew no?+ (2 or1 to speak _! case m truly1 !y held disgraceful to ! high _s & en]gy ( ! ,roman g5ius3 ,,turpem ,,putat ,,9 ,,scriptis ,,metuitque ,,lituram4 #b4 ,x did n f>e bett] ) !m f v4 #afh to #age 9 _! attempts to rival ! ,greek com$y4 ,!y prepo/]\sly set out ) ! notion ( its be+ easi] to execute ?is drama ?an ! tragic3 :]eas to hit its g5u9e "* ) exactness 01 9 tru?1 a po9t ( mu* m difficulty4 ,z ! subject ( com$y 0 tak5 f common life1 !y suppos$ an ord9>y degree ( c>e might suffice1 to d x ju/ice4 ,no wond] !n1 !y ov]look$ or nev] came up to t nice adju/m5t ( ! mann]s1 t tru? & decorum ( "*1 :]e9 ! glory ( comic pa9t+ consi/s1 & :i* none b ! quicke/ eye c disc]n1 & ! /eadie/ h& execute2 &1 9 ! room1 amus$ u ) high col\r+1 & false draw+2 ) extravagant1 aggravat$ portraitures2 :i*1 neglect+ ! mode/ proportion ( real life1 are ! c]ta9 argum5ts ( an unpractis$ p5cil1 or vici\s ta/e4 ,:at contribut$ to ?is pro/itution ( ! comic muse1 0 to v4 #agg ! s$ucem5t ( t corruptress ( all virtue1 ! love ( money2 :i* _h ?or\ghly infect$ ! ,roman wits1 & 01 9 fact1 ! sole object ( _! pa9s4 ,h5ce1 provid$ !y c\ld b cat* ! applauses ( ! p1 to :i* ! pleasantry ( ! comic sc5e m especially aspires1 & s secure a good r\nd price f ! magi/rates1 ^: (fice x 0 to furni% ?is k9d ( ent]ta9m5t1 !y became indiff]5t to e nobl] view & hone/] purpose4 ,9 p>ticul> to v4 #ahb !y s little consid]$ fame & ! praise ( good writ+1 t !y made x ! ord9>y topic ( _! ridicule2 repres5t+ x z ! m]e illusion ( vanity1 & ! pitiable infirmity ( lean-witt$ m9ds1 to be cat*$ by ! lure ( s empty & unsub/antial a b5efit4 ,?\gh1 7 any "o1 9 defiance ( public ridicule1 s d>+ 7z !re is no occasion 9 life1 :i* calls =1 or demon/rates a great] firmness71 z frankly to av[ & submit himself to ?is g5]\s motive1 ! sure/ inspir] ( e virtu\s excell5ce1 yet "o ?+ rema9$ to *eck & weak5 ! vig\r ( 8 emulation4 ,?is f v4 #ahb to #ahg 0 ! folly & ill ta/e ( ! undisc]n+ multitude2 :o1 9 all c\ntries1 h a great %>e 9 det]m9+ ! fate & "* ( sc5ical repres5tations1 b1 f ! popul> con/itution ( ! gov]nm5t1 71 at ,rome1 ( ! fir/ consequ5ce4 ,^!1 by _! rude clam\rs1 & ! au?ority ( _! numb]s1 7 en\gh to di%e>t5 ! mo/ intrepid g5ius2 :51 aft] all 8 endeav\rs to reap ! glory ( an absolute "w1 ! action 0 almo/ sure to be mangl$ & brok5 9 ^u by ! %ews ( wild bea/s & gladiators2 ^? de> delights1 :i* ! ,romans1 x seems1 priz$ mu* above ! highe/ pleasures ( ! drama4 ,nay1 ! poet's case 0 /ill m desp]ate4 ,= x 0 n ! untutor$ rabble1 z 9 o!r c\ntries1 t gave a c\nt5ance to ^! illib]al sports3 ev5 rank & quality1 at ,rome1 debas$ itself 9 %ew+ ! fi]ce/ passion = ^! %ews1 & 0 z ready1 z abject commonalty itself1 to pref] ! un9/ruct+ pleasures ( ! eye to ^? ( ! e>4 ,,equiti quoque jam migravit ab aure voluptas ,omnis ad +ratos oculos et gaudia vana4 ,&1 because ?is b>b>ity ( ta/e _h contribut$ m ?an any ?+ else to deprave ! poetry ( ! /age1 & disc\rage its be/ ma/]s f /udy+ its p]fection1 :at foll[s f v4 #ahi to #bjg is int5d$1 9 all ! ke5ness ( raill]y1 to satyrize ?is madness4 ,x af=d$ an ample field = ! poet's ridicule4 ,=1 besides ! riot\s disord]s ( _! !atre1 ! s5seless admiration ( pomp & spectacle 9 _! plays _h s in*ant$ 8 c\ntrym51 t ! v decorations ( ! sc5e1 ! tricks & trapp+s ( ! com$ians1 7 sur] to cat* ! applauses ( ! gap+ multitude1 ?an any reg>d to ! ju/ness ( ! poet's design1 or ! beauty ( 8 execution4 ,"h ! poet %\ld naturally h conclud$ 8 def5ce ( ! dramatic writ]s2 hav+ all$g$ e ?+ 9 _! fav\r1 t c\ld be urg$1 plausibly1 f ! /ate ( ! ,roman /age3 ! g5ius ( ! p3 & ! sev]al prevail+ practices ( ill ta/e1 :i* _h br\ght !m into disrepute ) ! be/ judges4 ,b f9d+ himself oblig$1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is v9dication ( ! mod]n /age-poets1 to c5sure z %>ply1 z _! v enemies1 ! vices & defects ( _! poetry2 & fe>+ le/ ?is sev]ity on a sort ( writ+1 to :i* himself _h nev] pret5d$1 might be mis9t]pret$ z ! effect ( envy only1 & a malignant disposition t[>ds ! art itself1 "u cov] ( plead+ = its pr(essors1 he !re=e frankly av[s f v4 #bjh to #bad 8 pref]5ce ( ! dramatic1 to e o!r species ( poetry2 decl>+ ! sov]eignty ( its pa?os ov] ! affections1 & ! magic ( its illusive sc5]y on ! ,imag9ation1 to be ! highe/ argum5t ( poetic excell5ce1 ! la/ & noble/ ex]cise ( ! human g5ius4 ,"o ?+ /ill rema9$4 ,he _h tak5 ^u himself to apologize = ! ,roman poets1 9 g5]al2 z may be se5 f ! l>ge t]ms1 9 :i* he proposes 8 subject4 ,hic error tam5 et levis haec insania quantas ,virtutes habeat1 sic collige4 ,b1 aft] a g5]al encomium on ! (fice itself1 he conf9es 8 def5ce to ! writ]s = ! /age only4 ,9 conclusion !n1 he 0 con/ra9$1 by ! v purpose ( 8 address1 to say a ^w or two 9 behalf ( ! rema9d] ( ?is neglect$ family2 ( ^?1 :o1 z ! poet expresses x1 _h r tru/ to ! equity ( ! closet1 ?an subject !mselves to ! caprice & insol5ce ( ! !atre4 ,n[1 z be=e1 9 ass]t+ ! hon\r ( ! /age-poets he e :]e supposes ! emp]or's disgu/ to h sprung f ! wrong conduct ( ! poets !mselves1 & !n ext5uates ! blame ( su* conduct1 by consid]+1 /ill fur!r1 ! causes :i* gave rise to x2 s he prud5tly obs]ves ! l me?od "h4 ,! polit5ess ( 8 address conc$es to ,augu/us1 ! j (f5ce he _h tak5 to 8 bro!r poets2 ^: hon\r1 h[ev]1 he contrives to save by s(t5+ ! occasions ( x4 ,?is is ! drift ( :at foll[s f v4 #bad to #bbi :]e he pleasantly rec\nts ! sev]al foibles & indiscretions ( ! muse2 b 9 a way1 t c\ld only dispose ! emp]or to smile at1 or at mo/1 to pity h] infirmities1 n provoke 8 s]i\s c5sure & dise/eem4 ,!y am\nt1 on ! :ole1 b to c]ta9 idl5esses ( vanity1 ! almo/ insep>able att5dant ( wit1 z well z beauty2 & may be =giv5 9 ea*1 z imply+ a /rong desire ( pleas+1 or r z qualify+ bo? to please4 ,"o ( ! mo/ exceptionable ( ^! vanities 0 a fond p]suasion1 too readily tak5 up by m5 ( p>ts & g5ius1 t pref]m5t is ! con/ant pay ( m]it2 & t1 f ! mom5t _! tal5ts become kn[n to ! public1 di/9ction & advancem5t are sure to foll[4 ,!y believ$1 9 %ort1 !y _h only to conv9ce ! _w ( _! sup]ior abilities1 to des]ve ! fav\r & c\nt5ance ( _! pr9ce4 ,b fond & presumptu\s z ^! hopes are 7cont9ues ! poet f v4 #bbi to #bdd ) all ! ins9uation ( a c\rti]1 & yet ) a becom+ s5se ( ! dignity ( 8 own "*7 x may des]ve a s]i\s consid]ation1 :at poets are fit to be entru/$ ) ! glory ( pr9ces2 :at m9i/]s are wor? reta9+ 9 ! s]vice ( an illu/ri\s ,,virtue1 ^: hon\rs dem& to be solemniz$ ) a religi\s rev]5ce1 & %\ld n be left to ! pr(anation ( vile1 unhall[$ h&s4 ,&1 to support ! au?ority ( ?is remon/rance1 he all$ges ! example ( a great ,mon>*1 :o _h di%on\r$ himself by a neglect ( ?is c>e2 ( ,,alex&] ,,! ,,great1 :o1 :5 ma/] ( ! _w1 z ,augu/us n[ 01 p]ceiv$1 inde$1 ! importance ( ga9+ a poet to 8 s]vice2 b unluckily *ose s ill1 t 8 encomiums 7z mu/ ev] be ! case ) a vile panegyri/7 b t>ni%$ ! native spl5dor ( ^? virtues1 :i* 8 (fice requir$ him to pres5t1 9 _! fulle/ & faire/ glory1 to ! admiration ( ! _w4 ,9 8 appo9tm5t ( arti/s1 ^: skill is1 also1 highly s]viceable to ! fame ( pr9ces1 he %ew$ a tru] judgm5t4 ,= he suff]$ none b an ,,apelles & a ,,lysippus to c\nt]feit ! =m & fa%ion ( 8 p]son4 ,b 8 ta/e1 :i* 0 ?us exact & ev5 subtile 9 :at conc]n$ ! me*anic execution ( ! f9e arts1 took up ) a ,,*o]ilus1 to transmit an image ( 8 m9d to future ages2 s grosly undisc]n+ 0 he 9 works ( poetry1 & ! lib]al (f]+s ( ! muse6 ,& ?us ! poet makes a d\ble use ( ! illjudgm5t ( ?is imp]ial critic4 ,= no?+ c\ld bett] demon/rate ! importance ( poetry to ! hon\r ( greatness1 ?an t ?is illu/ri\s conqu]or1 )\t any p>ticul> k or disc]nm5t 9 ! art itself1 %\ld ?9k himself conc]n$ to c\rt its assi/ance4 ,&1 !n1 :at c\ld be m likely to engage ! emp]or's fur!r protection & love ( poetry1 ?an ! ins9uation 7:i* is made ) inf9ite address7 t1 z he hon\r$ x equally1 s he und]/ood its m]its mu* bett]8 ,= f v4 #bde to #bdh1 :]e1 by a beautiful concurr5ce1 ! flatt]y ( 8 pr9ce falls 9 ) ! hone/] purpose ( do+ ju/ice to ! memory ( 8 fri5ds x 0 n ! same un9tellig5t lib]ality1 :i* _h *]i%$ ,*o]ilus1 t p\r$ ! full /ream ( ,caes>'s b\nty on su* p]sons1 z ,,v>ius & ,,virgil4 ,&1 z if ! _s ( ^! inimitable poets _h1 at once1 seiz$ him1 he breaks away 9 a bold] run ( v]se f v4 #bdh to #bej to s+ ! triumphs ( an art1 :i* express$ ! mann]s & ! m9d 9 full] & m durable relief1 ?an pa9t+ or ev5 sculpture _h ev] be5 able to give to ! ext]nal figure3 ,& f v4 #bej to ! end apologizes = himself 9 adopt+ ! humbl] epi/ol>y species1 :5 a w>m? ( incl9ation & ! unrival$ glories ( 8 pr9ce 7 cont9ually urg+ him on to ! nobl]1 encomia/ic poetry4 ,8 excuse1 9 brief1 is tak5 f ! consci\s inf]iority ( 8 g5ius1 & a t5d]ness = ! fame ( ! emp]or1 :i* is nev] m diss]v$ ?an by ! (fici\s s$ulity ( bad poets to d x hon\r4 ,& ) ?is apology1 "o :ile condesc5d+ to ! unfeign$ humility ( a p]son1 s5sible ( ! k9d & measure ( 8 abilities1 & !n1 aga91 su/a9+ itself by a fre$om & ev5 famili>ity1 :i* real m]it kn[s1 on c]ta9 occasions1 to take )\t (f5ce1 ! epi/le concludes4 ,if ! g5]al op9ion may be tru/$1 ?is1 :i* 0 "o ( ! la/1 is also among ! noble/1 ( ! great poet's compositions4 ,p]haps1 ! read]1 :o consid]s x 9 ! pla9 & simple ord]1 to :i* ! =ego+ analysis ha? r$uc$ x1 may satisfy himself1 t ?is praise ha? n be5 undes]v$ly be/[$4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,augu/us4 ,,epi/ola ,,ad ,,augu/um4 ,! epi/le to ,,augu/us is an apology = ! ,roman poets4 ,! epi/le to ! ,,pisos1 a criticism on _! poetry4 ,?is to ,augu/us may be !re=e consid]$ z a sequel ( t to ! ,pisos2 & :i* c\ld n well be omitt$2 = ! au?or's design ( =w>d+ ! /udy & improvem5t ( ! art ( poetry requir$ him to bespeak ! public fav\r to its pr(essors4 ,b z1 !re1 9 correct+ ! abuses ( _! poetry1 he mixes1 occasionally1 "s encomiums on poets2 s1 "h1 9 plead+ ! cause ( ! poets1 we f9d him int]weav+ in/ructions on poetry4 ,:i* 0 b accord+ to ! writ]'s occasions 9 ea* "w4 ,= ! fre$om ( 8 c5sure on ! art ( poetry 0 to be s(t5$ by "s expressions ( 8 good-w t[>ds ! poets2 & ?is apology = _! fame _h be5 too direct & unmanag$1 b = ! qualify+ appe>ance ( its int5d+ ! fur!r b5efit ( ! art4 ,! co9cid5ce1 !n1 ( ! same g5]al me?od1 z well z design1 9 ! two epi/les1 made x n improp] to give !m toge!r1 & on ! same foot+1 to ! public4 ,?\gh bo? ! subject & me?od ( ?is la/ are s cle> z to make a cont9u$ comm5t>y ^u x mu* less want$4 99 99 99 99 99 #d4 ,,si ,,longo ,,s]mone ,,mor] ,,tua ,,tempora1 ,,caes>4 ,! poet is ?\ght to beg9 ) apologiz+ = ! %ortness ( ?is epi/le4 ,& yet 'tis "o ( ! longe/ he ev] wrote4 ,h[ is ?is inconsi/5cy to be reconcil$8 8,horace p>le puttre a9si p\r ne pas rebut] ,augu/e1 et p\r lui faire connitre1 qu'il auroit fait une lettre1 beauc\p plus longue1 s'il avoit suivi son incl9ation40 ,?is is ! be/ acc\nt ( ! matt] we h1 hi!rto1 be5 able to come at4 ,b ! famili> civility ( su* a complim5t1 z ,m4 ,daci] supposes1 ?\gh x might be well en\gh to an equal1 or1 if dress$ up 9 spruce phrases1 might make a figure 9 ! lettres famili]es et galantes ( 8 own nation2 yet is surely ( a ca/1 entirely =eign to ! ,roman gravity1 m especially 9 an address to ! emp]or ( ! _w4 ,mr4 ,pope1 p]ceiv+ ! absurdity ( ! common int]pretation1 seems to h read ! l9es int]rogatively2 :i* ?\gh x saves ! s5se1 & suits ! purpose ( ! ,engli% poet v well1 yet nei!r agrees ) ! language nor s]i\s air ( ! orig9al4 ,! case1 ,i believe1 0 ?is4 ,! g5ius ( epi/ol>y writ+ dem&s1 t ! subject-matt] be n abruptly deliv]$1 or ha/ily obtrud$ on ! p]son address$2 b1 z ! law ( decorum prescribes 7= ! rule holds 9 writ+1 z 9 conv]sation7 be gradually & respectfully introduc$ to him4 ,?is obta9s m p>ticul>ly 9 applications to ! great1 & on important subjects4 ,b1 n[1 ! poet1 be+ to address 8 pr9ce on a po9t ( no small delicacy1 & on :i* he =esaw he %\ld h occasion to hold him pretty long1 prud5tly contrives to get1 z soon z possible1 into 8 subject2 &1 to t end1 ha? ! art to conv]t ! v transgression ( ?is rule into ! ju/e/ & mo/ beautiful complim5t4 ,t cauti\s prep>ation1 :i* is ord9>ily requisite 9 our approa*es to greatness1 _h be51 ! poet obs]ves1 9 ! pres5t case1 highly unseasonable1 z ! bus9ess & int]e/s ( ! empire mu/1 9 ! mean "t1 h /ood /ill & be5 susp5d$4 ,by s]mone !n we are to und]/&1 n ! body ( ! epi/le1 b ! proeme or introduction only4 ,! body1 z ( public conc]n1 might be all[$ to engage1 at full l5g?1 ! emp]or's att5tion4 ,b ! introduction1 consi/+ ( c]emonial only1 ! common good requir$ him to %ort5 z mu* z possible4 ,x 0 no "t = us+ an insignificant preamble1 or1 9 our ,engli% phrase1 ( mak+ long spee*es4 ,! reason1 too1 is f\nd$1 n m]ely 9 ! elevat$ rank ( ! emp]or1 b 9 ! peculi> dilig5ce & sollicitude1 ) :i*1 hi/ory tells u1 he endeav\r$ to promote1 by v>i\s ways1 ! int]e/s ( 8 c\ntry4 ,s t ! complim5t is z j1 z x is polite4 ,x may be fur!r obs]v$1 t s]mo is us$ 9 ,horace1 to signify ! ord9>y /yle ( conv]sation ,see ,sat4 i4 #c1 #fe1 & iv4 #db4 & !re=e n improp]ly d5otes ! famili>ity ( ! epi/ol>y address1 :i*1 9 its easy expression1 s ne>ly approa*es to x4 99 99 99 99 99 #ac4 ,,urit ,,enim ,,fulgore ,,suo1 ,,qui ,,praegravat ,,artes ,,infra ,,se ,,positas3 ,,ext9ctus ,,amabitur ,,idem4 ,! poet1 we may suppose1 spoke ?is f exp]i5ce4 ,& s might ano!r ( lat] date :5 he compla9$3 ,unhappy ,wit1 l mo/ mi/ak5 ?+s1 ,attones n = t envy :i* x br+s4 ,essay on ,crit4 v4 #did4 ,unless x be ?\ght1 t1 z ?is 0 said by him v e>ly 9 life1 x might r pass = a pr$iction ( 8 future =tunes4 ,be ?is z x w1 ! suff]+s1 :i* unhappy wit is conceiv$ to br+ on itself f ! envy x excites1 are1 ,i am apt to ?9k1 some:at aggravat$2 at lea/ if "o may judge f ! effects x _h on ?is ,compla9ant4 ,t :i* w\ld be likely to afflict him mo/1 0 ! envy ( 8 fri5ds4 ,b ! g5]osity ( ^! des]ves to be record$4 ,! wits took no (f5ce at 8 fame1 till !y f\nd x eclipse _! own3 ,& 8 ,philosoph] & ,guide1 'tis well kn[n1 /uck close to him1 till ano!r & bright] /> _h gott5 ! asc5dant4 ,or suppos+ !re might be "s malice 9 ! case1 x is pla9 !re 0 little mis*ief4 ,& = ?is little ! poet's cre$ provides an ample recomp5ce4 ,,ext9ctus ,,amabitur ,,idem3 n1 we may be sure1 by ^? he mo/ improv$1 enlight5$1 & oblig$2 b by late imp>tial po/]ity2 & by ,,"o at lea/ ( 8 surviv+ fri5ds2 :o g5]\sly took ^u him ! patronage ( 8 fame1 & :o inh]its 8 g5ius & 8 virtues4 99 99 99 99 99 #ad4 ,,ext9ctus ,,amabitur ,,idem4 ,envy1 says a disc]n+ anci5t1 is ! vice ( ^?1 :o are too weak to cont5d1 & too pr\d to submit3 vitium eorum1 qui nec c$]e volunt1 nec possunt cont5d]e#cc4 ,:i*1 :ile x suffici5tly exposes ! folly & malignity ( ?is hateful passion1 secures ! hon\r ( human nature2 z imply+ at ! same "t1 t its wor/ corruptions are n )\t a mixture ( g5]osity 9 !m4 ,= ?is false pride 9 refus+ to submit1 ?\gh absurd & mis*iev\s en\gh1 :5 unsupport$ by all ability to cont5d1 yet discov]s su* a s5se ( sup]ior excell5ce1 z %ews1 h[ difficult x is = human nature to dive/ itself ( all virtue4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ! too p[]ful spl5dor is )drawn1 our natural v5]ation ( x takes place3 ,ext9ctus amabitur idem4 ,?is is ! true exposition ( ! poet's s5tim5t2 :i* !re=e appe>s j ! rev]se ( :at 8 ,fr5* int]pret] w\ld fix ^u him4 8,la ju/ice1 que n\s r5dons aux gr&s hommes aprs leur mort1 ne vi5t pas de l',,am\r1 que n\s avons p\r leur v]tu1 mais de la ,,ha9e1 dont notre cur e/ rempli p\r ceux1 qui ont pris leur ,,place40 ,an obs]vation1 :i* only becomes ! misan?ropy ( an old cynic virtue1 or ! selfi%ness ( a mod]n sy/em ( e?ics4 99 99 99 99 99 #ae4 ,,praes5ti ,,tibi ,,maturos1 c4 to v4 #ah4 ,we are n to wond] at ?is & ! l extravagances ( adulation 9 ! ,augu/an poets4 ,!y _h ample au?ority = :at !y did ( ?is sort4 ,we "k1 t alt>s 7 erect$ to ! ,emp]or by ! comm& ( ! ,s5ate2 & t he 0 publicly invok$1 z an e/abli%$1 tutel>y div9ity4 ,b ! se$s ( ! corruption _h be5 s[n mu* e>li]4 ,= we f9d x sprung up1 or r 7z ( all ! ill we$s1 :i* ! teem+ soil ( human depravity ?r[s =?1 none is m ?riv+ & gr[s fa/] ?an ?is ( flatt]y7 fl\ri%+ at its height1 9 ! tyranny ( ,j4 ,,caes>4 ,balbus1 9 a lett] to ,cic]o ,ep4 ad ,att4 l4 ix4 ,swe>s by ! heal? & safety ( ,caes>3 x1 incolumi ,caes>e1 mori>4 ,& ,dio tells u ,l4 xliv4 t x 01 by ! express injunction ( ! ,s5ate1 decre$1 ev5 9 ,caes>'s life-"t1 t ! ,romans %\ld b9d !mselves by ?is oa?4 ,! ,s5ate also1 z we le>n f ! same writ]1 ,l4 xliii4 ^u receiv+ ! news ( 8 defeat ( ,pompey's sons1 caus$ 8 /atue to be set up1 9 ! temple ( ,romulus1 ) ?is inscription1 ,,deo ,,invicto#cd4 ',tis true1 ^! & /ill great] hon\rs _h be5 long paid to ! ,roman gov]nors 9 _! prov9ces1 by ! abject1 slavi% ,asiatics4 ,& ?is1 no d\bt1 facilitat$ ! admission ( su* idolatries into ! capital#ce4 ,b t a p1 f ! highe/ notions ( an indep5d5t republican equality1 c\ld s soon be br\ght to ?is pro/rate adoration ( _! fir/ ,"l1 is p]fectly amaz+6 ,9 ?is1 !y %ew$ !mselves ripe = s]vitude4 ,no?+ c\ld keep !m out ( ! h&s ( a ma/]4 ,& "o c sc>cely read su* acc\nts1 z ^!1 )\t condemn+ ! va9 ef=ts ( dy+ patriotism1 :i* lab\r$ s fruitlesly1 may "o n almo/ say1 s weakly8 to protract ! lib]ty ( su* a p1 ,:o c1 aft] ?is1 wond] at ! inc5se1 (f]$ up by a few c\rt-poets8 ,! adulation ( ,virgil1 :i* has giv5 s mu* (f5ce1 & ( ,horace1 :o kept pace ) him1 01 we see1 b ! au?oriz$ language ( ! times2 pres5t$ inde$ ) address1 b )\t ! height5+s & privileg$ lic5ce ( _! pr(ession4 ,=1 to _! cr$it1 x mu/ be own$1 t1 ?\gh 9 ! (fice ( poets1 !y 7 to comply ) ! popul> voice1 & e*o x back to ! e>s ( sov]eignty2 yet1 z m51 !y _h too mu* good s5se1 & too scrupul\s a reg>d to ! dignity ( _! *>act]s1 to exagg]ate & g beyond x4 ,x %\ld1 9 all reason1 surprize & disgu/ u /ill m1 t mod]n writ]s h n always %ewn !mselves s discrete4 ,! grave & le>n$ ,,lipsius 0 n a%am$1 ev5 )\t ! conv5i5t pretext ( popul> flatt]y1 or poetic color+1 9 s _m words1 to make a ,god ( 8 patron3 :o ?\gh nei!r ,k+1 nor ,pope1 0 yet ! next be/ mat]ial = ?is manufacture1 an ,ar*bi%op4 ,=1 ?\gh ! critic knew1 t x 0 n e wood1 t w make a ,m]cury1 yet no body w\ld dispute ! fitness ( t1 :i* grew s ne> ! alt>4 ,9 pla9 words1 ,i am speak+ ( an ,ar*bi%op ( ,,me*l91 :om1 aft] a deal ( fulsome complim5t 7:i* 0 ! vice ( ! man7 he exalts at la/1 ) a pagan complaisance1 into ! ord] ( ,deities4 8,ad haec1 says he1 erga omnes humanitas et facilitas me faciunt1 ut omnes te non tanqum hom9em aliquem de no/ro coetu1 s$ tanquam ,,deum ,,qu5dam ,,de ,,coelo ,,delapsum ,,intueantur ,,et ,,admir5tur40 99 99 99 99 99 #af4 ,,jur&asque ,,tuum ,,p] ,,num5 ,,ponimus ,,aras4 ,on ?is idea ( ! ,,apo!osis1 :i* 0 ! usual mode ( flatt]y 9 ! ,augu/an age1 b1 z hav+ ! c\nt5ance ( public au?ority1 sometimes in>tificially en\gh employ$1 ,virgil ha? project$ "o ( ! noble/ allegories 9 anci5t poetry1 & at ! same "t ha? giv5 to x all ! =ce ( j complim5t1 ! occasion itself all[$4 ,ea* ( ^! excell5cies 0 to be expect$ f 8 tal5ts4 ,=1 z 8 g5ius l$ him to ! sublime2 to 8 exquisite judgm5t w\ld in/ruct him to palliate ?is bold fiction1 & qualify1 z mu* z possible1 ! %ock+ adulation1 impli$ 9 x4 ,s s+ul> a beauty des]ves to be %ewn at l>ge4 ,! ?ird ,,georgic sets out ) an apology = ! l[ & simple argum5t ( t "w1 :i*1 yet1 ! poet e/eem$1 = its novelty1 pref]able to ! sublim]1 b trite1 !mes ( ! ,greek writ]s4 ,n b he int5d$1 on "s future occasion1 to adorn a nobl] subject4 ,?is 0 ! great plan ( ! ,a5es1 :i* he n[ prefigures & unfolds at l>ge4 ,=1 tak+ advantage ( ! noble/ privilege ( 8 art1 he breaks away1 9 a fit ( prophetic en?usiasm1 to =etel 8 successes 9 ?is project$ ent]prize1 &1 "u ! imag]y ( ! anci5t triumph1 :i* compreh5ds1 or sugge/s to ! imag9ation1 :atev] is mo/ augu/ 9 human affairs1 to del9eate ! future glories ( ?is ambiti\s design4 ,! :ole conception1 z we %all see1 is ( ! utmo/ gr&eur & magnific5ce2 ?\gh1 accord+ to ! usual managem5t ( ! poet 7:i*1 z n be+ appreh5d$ by 8 critics1 ha? furni%$ occasion1 ev5 to ! be/ ( !m1 to *>ge him ) a want ( ! sublime7 he ha? contriv$ to s(t5 & famili>ize its appe>ance to ! read]1 by ! artful mann]1 9 :i* x is introduc$4 ,x /&s ?us3 t5t&a via e/1 qua me quoque possim ,toll]e humo1 ,,victorque virm volit>e p] ora4 ,?is idea ( victory1 ?us casually dropp$1 he makes ! basis ( 8 imag]y2 :i*1 by means ( ?is gradual prep>ation1 (f]s itself easily to ! appreh5sion1 ?\gh x !reby loses1 z ! poet design$ x %\ld1 mu* ( t broad gl>e1 9 :i* writ]s ( less judgm5t love to %ew _! ideas1 z t5d+ to set ! common read] to a gaze4 ,! allegory !n proce$s3 ,primus ego patriam mecum 7modo vita sup]sit7 ,aonio r$i5s d$ucam v]tice ,musas4 ,! project$ conque/ 0 no less ?an t ( all ! ,grecian ,muses at once2 :om1 to c>ry on ! decorum ( ! allegory1 he ?reat5s1 #a4 to =ce f _! high & advantage\s situation on ! summit ( ! ,aonian m\nt2 &1 #b4 br+ captive ) him into ,italy3 ! =m] circum/ance intimat+ to u ! difficulty & dang] ( ! ent]prize2 & ! latt]1 8 complete execution ( x4 ,! palmy1 triumphal entry1 :i* 0 usual to victors on _! return f =eign successes1 foll[s3 ,primus ,idumaeas ref]am tibi1 ,mantua1 palmas4 ,b anci5t conqu]ors did n hold x suffici5t to reap ?is transi5t fruit ( _! lab\rs4 ,!y 7 ambiti\s to consecrate _! glory to immortality1 by a temple1 or o!r public monum5t1 :i* 0 to be built out ( ! spoils ( ! conqu]$ cities or c\ntries4 ,?is ! read] sees is suitable to ! idea ( ! great "w propos$2 :i* 01 out ( ! old rema9s ( ,grecian art1 to compose a new "o1 t %\ld comprize ! virtues ( !m all3 z1 9 fact1 ! ,a5ed is kn[n to unite 9 itself :atev] is mo/ excell5t1 n 9 ,hom] only1 b1 univ]sally1 9 ! wits ( ,greece4 ,! ev]la/+ monum5t ( ! m>ble temple is !n re>$3 ,et viridi 9 campo templum de ,,m>more ponam4 ,&1 because anci5t sup]/ition usually pref]r$1 = ^! purposes1 ! banks ( riv]s to o!r situations1 !re=e ! poet1 9 beautiful allusion to ! site ( "s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ pagan temples1 builds 8 on ! ,,m9cius4 ,we see ) :at a scrupul\s propriety ! allusion is c>ri$ on4 ,propt] aquam1 t>dis +5s ubi flexibus errat ,,m9cius1 et t5]a praetexit arund9e ripas4 ,next1 ?is temple 0 to be d$icat$1 z a monum5t ( ! victor's piety1 z well z glory1 to "s propiti\s1 tutel>y deity1 "u ^: auspices ! great adv5ture _h be5 at*iev$4 ,! d$ication is !n made to ! poet's div9ity1 ,augu/us3 ,9 m$io mihi ,,caes> erit1 templumque t5ebit4 ,,templum ,,t5ebit4 ,! expression is emphatical2 z intimat+ to u1 & prefigur+ ! secret purpose ( ! ,a5es1 :i* 01 9 ! p]son ( ,a5eas1 to %ad[ =? & consecrate ! "* ( ,augu/us4 ,8 div9ity 0 to fill & occupy t great "w4 ,& ! ample circuit ( ! epic plan 0 project$ only1 z a m awful enclosure ( t augu/ pres5ce1 :i* 0 to inhabit & solemnize ! va/ r\nd ( ?is poetic build+4 ,& n[ ! wond]ful address ( ! poet's artifice appe>s4 ,! mad s]vility ( 8 c\ntry _h deifi$ ! emp]or 9 good e>ne/2 & 8 bro!r poets made no scruple to wor%ip 9 8 temples1 & to come be=e him ) h&fuls ( real inc5se1 smok+ f ! alt>s4 ,b ! sobriety ( ,virgil's adoration 0 ( ano!r ca/4 ,he seizes ?is circum/ance only to embody a poetical fiction2 :i*1 on ! supposition ( an actual deification1 ha? all ! =ce ( complim5t1 :i* ! fact implies1 & yet1 z pres5t$ ?r\gh ! *a/ veil ( allegory1 eludes ! (f5ce1 :i* ! nak$ recital mu/ ne$s h giv5 to sob] & reasonable m54 ,_h ! emp]or's popul> div9ity be5 flatly ackn[l$g$1 & ador$1 ! praise1 ev5 "u ,virgil's managem5t1 _h be5 insuff]able = its extravagance2 &1 )\t "s support = 8 poetical num5 to re/ ^u1 ! figure _h be5 m =c$ & /ra9$1 ?an ! rules ( j writ+ all[4 ,z x is1 ! hi/orical tru? ( 8 apo!osis au?orizes & supports ! fiction1 & ! fiction1 9 its turn1 s]ves to ref9e & palliate ! hi/ory4 ,! ,a5es be+1 by ! poet's improvem5t ( ?is circum/ance1 ?us naturally pr$ict$ "u ! image ( a temple1 we may expect to f9d a close & /udi$ analogy betwixt !m4 ,! great1 compon5t p>ts ( ! "o w1 no d\bt1 be made1 v fai?fully1 to repres5t & adumbrate ^? ( ! o!r4 ,?is ha? be5 execut$ ) great art & dilig5ce4 #a4 ,! temple1 we obs]v$1 0 erect$ on ! banks ( a riv]4 ,?is site 0 n only prop]1 = ! reason already m5tion$1 b also1 = ! fur!r conv5i5ce ( in/itut+ public games1 ! ord9>y att5dants ( ! consecration ( temples4 ,^! 7 g5]ally1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,olympic & o!rs1 celebrat$ on ! banks ( riv]s4 ,illi victor ego1 et ,tyrio conspectus 9 o/ro1 ,c5tum quadrijugos agitabo ad flum9a currus4 ,cuncta mihi1 ,alpheum l9qu5s lucosque ,molor*i1 ,cursibus et crudo dec]net ,graecia cae/u4 ,to see ! propriety ( ! figure 9 ?is place1 ! read] ne$s only be rem9d$ ( ! book ( games 9 ! ,a5ed1 :i* 0 purposely introduc$ 9 hon\r ( ! ,emp]or1 & n1 z is commonly ?\ght1 = a m]e trial ( skill betwe5 ! poet & 8 ma/]4 ,! emp]or 0 passionately fond ( ^! sports1 & 0 ev5 ! au?or1 or re/or]1 ( "o ( !m4 ,x is n to be d\bt$1 t he alludes also to ! qu9qu5nial games1 actually celebrat$1 9 hon\r ( 8 temples1 ?r\gh _m p>ts ( ! empire4 ,& ?is ! poet und]takes 9 ! civil (fice ( ,,victor4 #b4 ,:at foll[s is 9 ! religi\s (fice ( ,,prie/4 ,= x is to be not$1 t1 9 assum+ ?is d\ble "*1 :i* ! decorum ( ! solemnities1 "h rec\nt$1 prescrib$1 ! poet has an eye to ! political design ( ! ,a5es1 :i* 0 to d hon\r to ,caes>1 9 ei!r capacity ( a civil & religi\s p]sonage2 bo? be+ ess5tial to ! idea ( ! ,,p]fect ,,legislator1 ^: (fice & "* 7z an em95t critic ha? lately %ewn u#cf7 x 0 8 purpose1 9 ?is immortal "w1 to adorn & recomm5d4 ,! acc\nt ( 8 sac]dotal functions is deliv]$ 9 ^! words3 ,ipse caput tonsae foliis ornatus olivae ,dona f]am4 ,jam1 nunc solemnes duc]e pompas ,ad delubra juvat1 caesosque vid]e juv5cos2 ,vel sc5a ut v]sis disc$at frontibus1 utque ,purpurea intexti tollant aulaea ,britanni4 ,! imag]y 9 ?is place _c be und]/ood1 )\t reflect+ on ! cu/om>y =m & disposition ( ! pagan temples4 ,,delubrum1 or ,,delubra1 = ei!r numb] is us$ indiff]5tly1 d5otes ! %r9e1 or sanctu>y1 :]e9 ! /atue ( ! presid+ ,god 0 plac$4 ,?is 0 9 ! c5t] ( ! build+4 ,exactly be=e ! delubrum1 & at no great di/ance f x1 0 ! ,,alt>4 ,fur!r1 ! %r9e1 or delubrum1 0 inclos$ & %ut up on all sides by doors ( curi\s c>v$-"w1 & ductile veils1 embelli%$ by ! ri* embroid]y ( fl[]s1 animals1 or human figures4 ,?is be+ obs]v$1 ! progress ( ! imag]y be=e u w be ?is4 ,! procession ad delubra1 or %r9e3 ! sacrifice on ! alt>s1 erect$ be=e x2 & la/ly1 ! pa9t$1 or r wr\ght sc5]y ( ! purple veils1 inclos+ ! image1 :i* 7 ornam5t$1 & seem$ to be su/a9$ or held up by ! figures ( inwov5 ,britons4 ,! mean+ ( all :i*1 is1 t ! poet w\ld proce$ to ! celebration ( ,caes>'s praise 9 all ! gradual1 solemn prep>ation ( poetic pomp3 t he w\ld r5d] ! mo/ grateful (f]+s to 8 div9ity 9 ^? occasional episodes1 :i* he %\ld consecrate to 8 m imm$iate hon\r3 &1 f9ally1 t he w\ld provide ! ri*e/ texture ( 8 fancy1 = a cov]+ to t admir$ image ( 8 virtues1 :i* 0 to make ! sov]eign pride & glory ( 8 poem4 ,! *oice ( ! inwov5 ,britons1 = ! support ( 8 veil1 is well acc\nt$ = by ^?1 :o tell u1 t ,augu/us 0 pr\d to h a numb] ( ^! to s]ve ab\t him 9 quality ( slaves4 ,! ornam5ts ( ! ,,doors ( ?is delubrum1 on :i* ! sculptor us$ to lavi% all ! ri*es ( 8 art1 are next del9eat$4 ,9 =ibus pugnam ex auro solidoque elephanto ,gang>idum faciam1 victorisque arma ,quir9i2 ,atque hic undantem bello1 magnumque flu5tem ,nilum1 ac navali surg5tes a]e columnas4 ,addam urbes ,asiae domitas1 pulsumque ,niphatem1 ,fid5temque fug ,p>?um v]sisque sagittis2 ,et duo rapta manu div]so ex ho/e trophaea1 ,bisque triumphatas utroque ex littore g5tes4 ,"h ! cov]+ ( ! figure is too ?9 to hide ! lit]al mean+ f ! commone/ read]1 :o sees1 t ! sev]al triumphs ( ,caes>1 "h record$ 9 sculpture1 are ^?1 :i* ! poet ha? tak5 mo/ pa9s to f9i%1 & ha? occasionally ins]t$1 z x 71 9 m9iature1 9 sev]al places ( 8 poem4 ,let him only turn to ! prophetic spee* ( ,an*ises' %ade 9 ! ,,vi?1 & to ! description ( ! %ield 9 ! ,,viii? book4 ,hi!rto we h contemplat$ ! decorations ( ! %r9e1 i4 e4 su* z be> a m direct & imm$iate ref]5ce to ! hon\r ( ,caes>4 ,we are n[ pres5t$ ) a view ( ! remot]1 surr\nd+ ornam5ts ( ! temple4 ,^! are ! illu/ri\s ,trojan *iefs1 ^: /ory 0 to furni% ! mat]ials1 or1 m prop]ly1 to =m ! body & case1 z x 71 ( 8 augu/ /ructure4 ,!y are also connect$ ) ! idol deity ( ! place by ! close/ ties ( relation%ip1 ! ,julian family affect+ to d]ive its p$igree f ?is pr\d orig9al4 ,! poet !n1 9 8 arrangem5t ( ^! additional figures1 ) admirable judgm5t1 completes & r\nds ! entire fiction4 ,/abunt et ,p>ii lapides1 spirantia signa1 ,ass>aci proles1 demissaeque ab ,jove g5tis ,nom9a3 ,trosque p>5s et ,trojae ,cyn?ius auctor4 ,no?+ n[ rema9s b = fame to et]nize ! glories ( :at ! great ar*itect _h1 at ! exp5ce ( s mu* art & lab\r1 complet$2 :i* is pr$ict$ 9 ! highe/ sublime ( anci5t poetry1 "u ! idea ( ,,envy1 :om ! poet p]sonalizes1 %udd]+ at ! view ( su* transc5d5t p]fection2 & ta/+1 be=eh&1 ! pa9s ( a rem$iless vexation1 /rongly pictur$ 9 ! image ( ! wor/1 inf]nal tortures4 ,,invidia infelix furias amnemque sev]um ,cocyti metuet1 tortosque ,ixionis angues1 ,immanemque rotam1 et non exup]abile saxum4 ,?us h ,i presum$1 b ) a religi\s awe1 to inspect & decl>e ! my/]ies ( ?is ideal temple4 ,! attempt aft] all might h be5 c5sur$1 z prophane1 if ! great ,my/agogue himself1 or "s body = him#cg1 _h n giv5 u ! und\bt$ key to x4 ,"u ?is enc\ragem5t ,i c\ld n )/& ! temptation ( disclos+ ?us mu* ( "o ( ! noble/ fictions ( antiquity2 & ! r1 z ! propriety ( allegoric composition1 :i* made ! di/+ui%$ pride ( anci5t poetry1 seems b little kn[n or att5d$ to by ! mod]n pr(essors ( ?is f9e art4 99 99 99 99 99 #ag4 ,,nil ,,oriturum ,,alias1 ,,nil ,,ortum ,,tale ,,fat5tes4 ,il n'e/ impossible1 says ,m4 ,,de ,,balzac1 9 t puff$1 declamatory rhapsody1 intitl$1 ,,le ,,pr9ce1 de resi/] au m\vem5t int]ieur1 qui me p\sse4 ,je ne saurois m'empe*] de p>l] du ,,roy1 et de sa v]tu2 de cri] t\s les pr9ces1 que c'e/ l'exemple1 qu'ils doiv5t suivre2 ,,de ,,dem&] ,a ,,t\s ,,les ,,peuples1 ,,et ,a ,,t\s ,,les ,,ages1 ,s',,ils ,,ont ,,jamais ,,ri5 ,,veu ,,de ,,semblable4 ,?is 0 spok5 ( a k+ ( ,france1 :o1 x w be own$1 _h 8 virtues4 ,b !y 7 ! virtues ( ! man1 & n ( ! ,pr9ce4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 a di/9ction1 :i* ! eloqu5t encomia/ 0 n aw>e (1 or1 to speak m truly1 8 bus9ess requir$ him to ov]look4 ,= ! :ole elogy is wor? p]us+1 z x af=ds a /rik+ pro( ( ! uni=m g5ius ( flatt]y1 :i*1 alike "u all circum/ances1 & indiff]5t to all *>act]s1 c hold ! same language ( ! weake/1 z ! able/ ( pr9ces1 ( ,,l\is ,,le ,,ju/e1 & ,,caes> ,,octavianus ,,augu/us4 99 99 99 99 99 #bc4 ,,sic ,,fautor ,,vet]um1 c4 to v4 #bh4 ,! folly1 "h satyriz$1 is common en\gh 9 all c\ntries1 & ext5ds to all arts4 ,x 0 j ! same prepo/]\s affectation ( v5]at+ antiquity1 :i* put ! connoisseurs 9 pa9t+1 "u ! emp]ors1 on cry+ up ! simple & rude sket*es ( ,,aglaophon & ,,polygnotus1 above ! exquisite & f9i%$ pictures ( ,,p>rhasius & ,,zeuxis4 ,! acc\nt is giv5 by ,qu9tilian1 :o 9 8 c5sure ( ?is absurdity1 po9ts to ! und\bt$ s\rce ( x4 ,8 words are ^!3 8,primi1 quorum quidem op]a non vetu/atis mod grati vis5da sunt1 cl>i pictores fuisse dicuntur ,polygnotus et ,aglaophon2 quorum simplex color tam sui /udiosos adhuc habet1 ut illa prop rudia ac velut futurae mox artis primordia1 maximis1 qui po/ eos extit]unt1 auctoribus praef]antur1 ,,proprio ,,quodam ,,intellig5di 7ut mea f]t op9io7 ,,ambitu40 ,l4 xii4 c4 #aj4 ,! lov] ( pa9t+ mu/ be ! m surpriz$ at ?is /range pref]5ce1 :5 he is told1 t ,aglaophon1 at lea/1 _h ! use ( only "o s+le col\r3 :]eas ,p>rhasius & ,zeuxis1 :o are among/ ! maximi autores1 "h glanc$ at1 n only employ$ diff]5t col\rs1 b 7 exce$+ly em95t1 ! "o ( !m = correct draw+1 & ! delicacy ( 8 outl9e2 ! o!r1 = 8 inv5tion ( t great secret ( ! *i>o oscuro4 8,po/ ,zeuxis et ,p>rhasius3 quorum prior ,,lum9um ,,umbr>umque ,,inv5isse ,,rationem1 secundus1 ,,exam9asse ,,subtilius ,,l9eas ,,dicitur40 ,ibid4 99 99 99 99 99 #bh4 ,,si1 ,,quia ,,graiorum ,,sunt ,,antiquissima ,,quaeque ,,scripta vel ,,optima1 c4 ,! common int]pretation ( ?is place supposes ! poet to admit ! mo/ anci5t ( ! ,greek writ+s to be ! be/4 ,:i* 7 ev5 contr>y to all exp]i5ce & common s5se1 & is directly confut$ by ! hi/ory ( ! ,greek le>n+4 ,:at he all[s is1 ! sup]iority ( ! olde/ ,greek writ+s extant2 :i* is a v diff]5t ?+4 ,! turn ( 8 argum5t conf9es u to ?is s5se4 ,= he w\ld %ew ! folly ( conclud+ ! same ( ! old ,roman writ]s1 on _! fir/ rude attempts to copy ! f9i%$ models ( ,greece1 z ( ! old ,greek writ]s !mselves1 :o 7 furni%$ ) ! means ( produc+ ^? models by long discipl9e & cultivation4 ,?is appe>s1 c]ta9ly1 f :at foll[s3 ,v5imus ad summum =tunae3 p+imus atque ,psallimus et luctamur ,a*ivis doctius unctis4 ,! design ( :i* ha? be5 entirely ov]look$4 ,= x ha? be5 tak5 only = a g5]al expression ( falsehood & absurdity1 ( j ! same import1 z ! prov]bial l9e1 ,nil intra e/ ole1 nil extra e/ 9 nuce duri4 ,:]eas x 0 design$ly pit*$ ^u to convey a p>ticul> illu/ration ( ! v absurdity 9 "q1 & to %ew ! ma9ta9]s ( x1 f ! nature ( ?+s1 h[ s5seless _! position 04 ,x is to ?is purpose3 8,z well x may be pret5d$1 t we ,romans surpass ! ,greeks 9 ! arts ( pa9t+1 music1 & ! ex]cises ( ! palae/ra1 :i* yet x is confess$1 we d n1 z t our old writ]s surpass ! mod]n4 ,! absurdity1 9 ei!r case1 is ! same4 ,=1 z ! ,greeks1 :o _h long devot$ !mselves1 ) great & cont9u$ application1 to ! practice ( ^! arts 7:i* is ! =ce ( ! epi!t ,,uncti1 "h giv5 !m7 mu/1 = t reason1 c>ry ! prize f ! ,romans1 :o h tak5 v little pa9s ab\t !m2 s1 ! mod]n ,romans1 :o h = a long "t be5 /udy+ ! arts ( poetry & composition1 mu/ ne$s excel ! old ,roman writ]s1 :o _h little or no acqua9tance ) ^? arts1 & _h be5 tra9$1 by no previ\s discipl9e1 to ! ex]cise ( !m40 ,! concis5ess ( ! expression made x necess>y to op5 ! poet's s5se at l>ge4 ,we n[ see1 t 8 int5tion1 9 ^! two l9es1 0 to expose1 9 ! way ( argum5tative illu/ration1 ! gr\nd ( t absurdity1 :i* ! prec$+ v]ses _h repres5t$ z1 at fir/ sight1 s %ock+ to common s5se4 99 99 99 99 99 #cc4 ,,unctis4 ,?is is by no means a g5]al unmean+ epi!t3 b is beautifully *os5 to express ! unwe>i$ assiduity ( ! ,greek arti/s4 ,= ! practice ( ano9t+ be+ ess5tial to _! agoni/ic trials1 ! poet elegantly puts ! att5d+ circum/ance = ! ?+ itself4 ,& s1 9 speak+ ( !m1 z ,,uncti1 he does ! same1 z if he _h call$ !m 8! indu/ri\s1 or ex]cis+ ,greeks20 :i* 0 ! v idea 8 argum5t requir$ him to sugge/ to u4 99 99 99 99 99 #dc4--;,,hone/e4 ,express+ ! cr$it su* a piece 0 held 91 z _h ! =tune to be rank$ int] vet]es1 agreeably to :at he said above--,,p]fectos vet]esque v4 #cg--;&--vetus atque ,,probus v4 #ci3 :i* af=ds a fre% presumption 9 fav\r ( ,dr4 ,b5tley's conjecture on v4 #da1 :]e1 in/ead ( vet]es poetas1 he w\ld read1 ,int] quos ref]5dus erit8 vet]esne ,,probosque1 ,an quos c4 99 99 99 99 99 #ed4 ,,adeo ,,sanctum ,,e/ ,,vetus ,,omne ,,poema4 ,! read] is n to suppose1 t ,horace1 9 ?is ridicule ( ! fooli% ador]s ( antiquity1 int5d$ any contempt ( ! old ,roman poets1 :o1 z ! old writ]s 9 e c\ntry1 ab\nd 9 /rong s5se1 vigor\s expression1 & ! true/ repres5tation ( life & mann]s4 ,8 qu>rel is only ) ! critic3 ,qui r$it 9 fa/os et virtutem ae/imat annis4 ,an affectation1 :i* = its folly1 if x _h n too app>5tly sprung f a worse pr9ciple1 des]v$ to be laugh$ at4 ,= ! re/1 he e :]e discov]s a c&id & j e/eem ( _! e>li] writ]s2 z may be se5 f _m places 9 ?is v epi/le2 b m especially f t sev]e c5sure 9 #a ,s4 x4 #ag4 7:i* ha? m ( acrimony 9 x1 ?an he usually all[s to 8 satyr7 :51 9 speak+ ( ! writ]s ( ! old com$y1 he adds1 ,quos neque pul*] ,h]mog5es unquam legit1 neque simius i/e ,nil praet] ,calvum et doctus cant>e ,catullum4 ,) all 8 zeal = correct writ+1 he 0 n1 we see1 ( ! hum\r ( t delicate sort1 :o are = burn+ _! old poets2 &1 to be well ) wom5 & c\rt critics1 conf9e _! read+ & admiration to ! innoc5t s+-song ( "s s(t & fa%ionable rhym]1 ^: utt] insipidity is a ?\s& times m insuff]able1 ?an any b>b>ism4 99 99 99 99 99 #ef4 ,,pacuvius ,,docti ,,famam ,,s5is1 ,,accius ,,alti3 ,! epi!t doctus1 "h appli$ to ! tragic poet1 ,pacuvius1 is1 ,i believe1 sometimes misund]/ood1 ?\gh ! opposition to altus cle>ly det]m9es ! s5se4 ,=1 z ?is la/ ^w expresses ! sublime ( s5tim5t & expression1 :i* comes f nature1 s ! =m] ^w mu/ ne$s be int]pret$ ( t exactness 9 bo?1 or at lea/ ( t skill 9 ! conduct ( ! sc5e 7! prop] le>n+ ( a dramatic poet7 :i* is ! result ( art4 ,! ,lat9 ^w doctus is inde$ some:at ambigu\s3 b we are *iefly misl$ by ! ,engli% ^w1 le>n$1 by :i* we translate x1 & by :i*1 9 g5]al use1 is meant1 r ext5sive read+1 & :at we call erudition1 ?an a pr(\nd skill 9 ! rules & pr9ciples ( any art4 ,b ?is la/ is frequ5tly ! s5se ( ! ,lat9 t]m doctus1 z we may see f its application1 9 ! be/ classic writ]s1 to o!r1 besides ! lit]>y pr(essions4 ,?us1 to omit o!r in/ances1 we f9d x appli$ v (t5 9 ,horace himself4 ,x is appli$ to a s++-girl--doctae psall]e ,*iae--9 "o ( 8 ,odes1 l4 iv4 #ac4 ,x is appli$ to sev]al me*anic arts 9 ?is epi/le--8doctius ,a*ivis p+imus atque psallimus et luctamur30 ,x is ev5 appli$1 absolutely1 to ! play] ,roscius--doctus ,roscius1 9 v4 #hb1 :]e 8 skill 9 act+ c\ld only be int5d$ by x4 ,x is1 also1 9 ?is s5se1 t he calls 8 imitator1 doctus1 i4 e4 skill$ & kn[+ 9 8 art1 ,a4 ,p4 v4 #cai4 ,nay1 x is precisely 9 ?is s5se t ,qu9ctilian uses ! ^w1 :5 he *>act]izes ?is v ,pacuvius--,pacuvium vid]i doctiorem1 qui esse docti affectant1 volunt l4 x4 c4 #a4 i4 e4 !y1 :o affect to be ?\ght kn[+ 9 ! rules ( dramatic writ+1 give ?is praise to ,pacuvius4 ,! expression is s put1 z if ,qu9ctilian int5d$ a c5sure ( ^! critics2 because ?is pret5ce to dramatic art1 & ! /rict imitation ( ! ,greek poets1 0 gr[n1 9 8 "t1 & long be=e x1 into a degree ( p$antry & affectation2 no o!r m]it b ?is ( docti1 be+ ( any significancy1 9 _! acc\nt4 ,!re is no reason to ?9k t ,qu9ctilian meant to ins9uate ! poet's want ( ?is m]it1 or 8 own contempt ( x3 ?\gh he might ?9k1 & ) reason1 t too mu* /ress _h be5 laid ^u x by "s m54 ,x is 9 ! same mann] t "o ( our own poets has be5 *>act]iz$2 & ! application ( ?is t]m to him w %ew ! =ce ( x1 /ill m cle>ly4 ,9 ,mr4 ,pope's f9e imitation ( ?is epi/le1 are ^! l9es-- ,9 all debates1 :]e critics be> a "p1 ,n "o b nods1 & talks ( ,jonson's art-- ,"o sees1 !n1 h[ ,mr4 ,pope und]/ood ! docti1 ( ,horace4 ,b our ,milton applies ! ^w le>n$ itself1 & 9 ! ,lat9 s5se ( x1 to ,jonson-- ,:5 ,jonson's le>n$ sock is on-- ,= :at is ?is le>n+8 ,indisputably1 8 dramatic le>n+1 8 skill 9 ! sc5e1 & 8 obs]vance ( ! anci5t rules & practice4 ,=1 ?\gh ,jonson 0 inde$ le>n$1 9 e s5se1 x is ! le>n+ ( 8 pr(ession1 z a comic arti/1 = :i* he is "h celebrat$4 ,! ,lat9 sub/antive1 doctr9a1 is us$ ) ! same latitude1 z ! adjective1 doctus4 ,x sometimes signifies ! peculi> sort ( le>n+1 "u consid]ation2 ?\gh sometimes aga9 x signifies le>n+1 or erudition1 at l>ge4 ,x is us$ 9 ! =m] s5se by ,cic]o1 :5 he obs]ves ( ! satires ( ,lucilius1 t !y 7 rem>kable = _! wit & pleasantry1 n = _! le>n+--doctr9a m$iocris4 ,s t !re is no contradiction 9 ?is judgm5t1 z is commonly ?\ght1 to t ( ,qu9ctilian1 :o decl>es r\ndly--eruditio 9 eo mira--,=1 ?\gh doctr9a & eruditio be sometimes conv]tible t]ms1 !y are n s "h4 ,! le>n+ ,cic]o speaks ( 9 ,lucilius1 z be+ b mod]ate1 is 8 le>n+1 or skill 9 ! art ( writ+ & composition4--,t ?is 0 ! :ole purport ( ,cic]o's obs]vation1 any "o may see by turn+ to ! place :]e x occurs1 9 ! proeme to 8 fir/ book ,,de ,,f9ibus4 99 99 99 99 99 #ei4 ,,v9c]e ,,caecilius ,,gravitate1 ,,t]5tius ,,arte4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 t ! judgm5t1 "h pass$ f v4 #ee to #fj on ! mo/ celebrat$ ,roman writ]s1 be+ only a repres5tation ( ! popul> op9ion1 n ( ! poet's own1 ! comm5dations1 giv5 to !m1 are des]v$1 or o!rwise1 j z x *ances4 ,int]dum volgus rectum videt1 e/ ubi peccat4 ,to give an in/ance ( ?is 9 ! l9e be=e u4 ,a critic ( unque/ion$ au?ority acqua9ts u1 :]e9 ! real di/9ct m]it ( ^! two dramatic writ]s consi/s4 8,9 ,,argum5tis1 ,caecilius palmam poscit2 9 ,,e!s91 ,,t]5tius40 ,v>ro4 ,n[ by gravitate1 z appli$ to ,caecilius1 we may prop]ly en\gh und]/& ! grave & affect+ ca/ ( 8 com$y2 :i* is fur!r confirm$ by :at ! same critic else:]e obs]ves ( him4 8,,pa! ,trabea1 ,attilius1 et ,,caecilius facile mov]unt40 ,b ,t]5ce's *>act]i/ic ( pa9t+ ! mann]s1 :i* is1 pla9ly1 ! "r int]pretation ( ,v>ro's ,,e!s91 is n s significantly express$ by ! attribute arte1 "h giv5 to him4 ,! ^w inde$ is ( l>ge & g5]al import1 & may admit ( v>i\s s5ses2 b be+ "h appli$ to a dramatic writ]1 x mo/ naturally & prop]ly d5otes ! peculi> art ( 8 pr(ession1 t is1 ! artificial contexture ( ! plot4 ,& ?is ,i d\bt n 0 ! v praise1 ! t[n-critics ( ,horace's "t int5d$ to be/[ on ?is poet4 ,! matt] is easily expla9$4 ,! simplicity & exact unity ( ! plots 9 ! ,greek com$ies w\ld be1 ( c\rse1 un9t]e/+ to a p1 n ?or\ghly in/ruct$ 9 ! g5u9 beauties ( ! drama4 ,!y _h too ?9 a contexture to satisfy ! gross & lumpi% ta/e ( a ,roman auditory4 ,! ,lat9 poets1 !re=e1 be?\ght !mselves ( comb9+ two /ories into "o4 ,& ?is1 :i* is :at we call ! d\ble plot1 af=d+ ! opportunity ( m incid5ts1 & a great] v>iety ( action1 0 p]fectly suit$ to _! appreh5sions4 ,b1 ( all ! ,lat9 ,com$ians1 ,t]5ce appe>s to h practis$ ?is secret mo/ assidu\sly3 at lea/1 z may be conclud$ f :at rema9s ( !m4 ,plautus ha? v frequ5tly s+le plots1 :i* he 0 enabl$ to support by1 :at 0 natural to him1 a =ce ( buffoon pleasantry4 ,t]5ce1 ^: g5ius lay ano!r way1 or ^: ta/e 0 abhorr5t f su* ribaldry1 _h rec\rse to ! o!r exp$i5t ( d\ble plots4 ,& ?is1 ,i suppose1 is :at ga9$ him ! popul> reputation ( be+ ! mo/ artificial writ] = ! /age4 ,! ,,hecyra is ! only "o ( 8 com$ies1 ( ! true anci5t ca/4 ,& we "k h[ x came (f 9 ! repres5tation4 ,t ill-success & ! simplicity ( its conduct h cont9u$ to draw ^u x ! same unfav\rable treatm5t f ! critics1 to ?is day2 :o con/antly speak ( x1 z mu* inf]ior to ! re/2 :]eas1 = ! g5u9 beauty ( dramatic design1 & ! obs]vance1 aft] ! anci5t ,greek mann]1 ( ! nice dep5d5cy & coh]5ce ( ! fable1 ?r\gh\t1 x is1 indisputably1 to e read] ( true ta/e1 ! mo/ ma/]ly & exquisite ( ! :ole collection4 99 99 99 99 99 #fc4 ,,int]dum ,,volgus ,,rectum ,,videt3 ,,e/ ,,ubi ,,peccat4 ,! caprici\s levity ( popul> op9ion ha? be5 not$ ev5 to a prov]b4 ,& yet x is ?is1 :i*1 aft] all1 fixes ! fate ( au?ors4 ,?is seem+ly odd pha5om5on ,i w\ld ?us acc\nt =4 ,:at is usually complim5t$ ) ! high & rev]5d appellation ( public judgm5t is1 9 any s+le in/ance1 b ! repetition or e*o1 = ! mo/ "p eag]ly cat*$ & /rongly rev]b]at$ on all sides1 ( a few lead+ voices1 :i* h happ5$ to ga9 ! confid5ce1 & s direct ! cry ( ! public4 ,b 7z1 9 fact1 x too (t5 falls out7 ?is pr]ogative ( ! few may be abus$ to ! prejudice ( ! _m4 ,! p>tialities ( fri5d%ip1 ! fa%ionabl5ess ( ! writ]1 8 compliance ) ! reign+ ta/e1 ! lucky concurr5ce ( "t & opportunity1 ! cabal ( a p>ty1 nay1 ! v freaks ( :im & caprice1 ^!1 or any ( !m1 z occasion s]ves1 c support ! dulle/1 z ! opposite disadvantages c depress ! noble/ p]=mance2 & give ! curr5cy or neglect to ei!r1 f> beyond :at ! g5u9 "* ( ea* dem&s4 ,h5ce ! public voice1 :i* is b ! aggregate ( ^! corrupt judgm5ts1 inf9itely multipli$1 is1 ) ! wise1 at su* a juncture1 des]v$ly ( little e/eem4 ,yet1 9 a succession ( su* judgm5ts1 deliv]$ at diff]5t times & by diff]5t sets or juntos ( ^! sov]eign arbit]s ( ! fate ( au?ors1 ! public op9ion naturally gets cle> ( ^! accid5tal corruptions4 ,e fre% succession %akes (f "s2 till1 by degrees1 ! "w is se5 9 its prop] =m1 unsupport$ ( e o!r recomm5dation1 ?an :at its native inh]5t excell5ce be/[s ^u x4 ,!n1 & n till !n1 ! voice ( ! p becomes sacr$2 aft] :i* x soon advances into div9ity1 be=e :i* all ages mu/ fall d[n & wor%ip4 ,= n[ ,reason alone1 )\t h] corrupt assessors1 takes ! *air4 ,& h] s5t5ce1 :5 once promulgat$ & au?oriz$ by ! g5]al voice1 fixes ! unalt]able doom ( au?ors4 1 ,long9us1 vii4 ,& ! reason foll[s1 agreeably to ! acc\nt "h giv54 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 4 ,ibid4 ,?is is ! true acc\nt ( popul> fame1 :i*1 :ile x well expla9s ! gr\nd ( ! poet's aphorism1 sugge/s an obvi\s rem>k1 b v mortify+ to e c&idate ( lit]>y glory4 ,x is1 t1 :e!r he succe$s 9 8 endeav\rs aft] public applause1 or n1 fame is equally out ( 8 rea*1 &1 z ! moral poet tea*es1 a ?+ beyond him1 be=e 8 dea?1 on ei!r supposition4 ,= at ! v "t1 t ?is bewit*+ music is s\nd+ 9 8 e>s1 he c nev] be sure1 if1 in/ead ( ! div9e cons5ti5t h>mony ( a j praise1 x be n only ! discordant d9 & clam\r ( ignorance or prepossession4 ,if !re be any exception to ?is melan*oly tru?1 x mu/ be 9 ! case ( "s uncommon g5ius1 ^: sup]ior p[] breaks ?r\gh all imp$im5ts 9 8 road to fame1 & =ces applause ev5 f ^? v prejudices1 t w\ld ob/ruct 8 c>e] to x4 ,x 0 ! r>e felicity ( ! poet1 j m5tion$1 to receive1 9 8 life-"t1 ?is sure & pleas+ augury ( immortality4 99 99 99 99 99 #hh4 ,,+5iis ,,non ,,ille ,,favet1 c4 ,,malh]be 0 to ! ,fr5*1 pretty mu* :at ,,horace _h be5 to ! ,lat91 poetry4 ,^! great writ]s _h1 ea* ( !m1 rescu$ ! lyric muse ( _! c\ntry out ( ! rude1 ungraci\s h&s ( _! old poets4 ,&1 z _! tal5ts ( a good e>1 elegant judgm5t1 & correct expression1 7 ! same1 !y pres5t$ h] to ! public 9 all ! air & grace1 & yet sev]ity1 ( beauty1 ( :i* h] =m 0 susceptible4 ,_! m]its & pret5sions be+ ?us f> resembl+1 ! read] may n be incuri\s to "k ! fate & =tune ( ea*4 ,horace ha? v frankly told u1 :at befel himself f ! malevol5t & l[ passions ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,malh]be did n come (f1 ) ! wits & critics ( 8 "t1 mu* bett]2 z we le>n f a le>n$ p]son1 :o ha? v w>mly recomm5d$ 8 writ+s to ! public4 ,speak+ ( ! envy1 :i* pursu$ him 9 8 prose-works1 b1 says he1 8,comme il faisoit une p>ticuli]e pr(ession de la poesie1 c'e/ en cette qualit qu'il a de plus sev]es c5seurs1 et receu des inju/ices plus signales4 ,mais il me semble que je f]m]ai la b\*e ceux1 que le blam5t1 qu& je leur aurai mon/r1 que sa faon d'escrire e/ excell5te1 quoiqu'elle s'eloigne un peu de celle des ,,nos ,,anci5s ,,poetes1 ,,qu',,ils ,,l\5t ,,plu/ot ,,p> ,,un ,,deg\/ ,,des ,,*oses ,,pres5tes1 ,,que ,,p> ,,les ,,s5tim5ts ,d',,une ,,v]itable ,,e/ime40 ,,disc4 ,,de ,m4 ,,godeau ,,sur ,,les ,,oeuvres ,,de ,m4 ,,malh]be4 99 99 99 99 99 #ig4 ,,susp5dit ,,m5tem ,,vultumque4 ,! expression ha? great elegance1 & is n liable to ! imputation ( h>%1 or improp] con/ruction4 ,= susp5dit is n tak51 ) reg>d ei!r to m5tem or vultum1 9 its lit]al1 b figurative1 signification2 &1 ?us1 x becomes1 9 "o & ! same s5se1 applicable to bo?4 ,o!rwise1 ?is way ( c\pl+ two sub/antives to a v]b1 :i* does n1 9 /rict grammatical usage1 gov]n bo?2 or1 if x do?1 mu/ ne$s be con/ru$ 9 diff]5t s5ses2 ha? giv5 j (f5ce to ! be/ critics4 ,mr4 ,pope c5sures a passage ( ?is k9d1 9 ! ,iliad1 ) sev]ity2 & ?9ks ! ta/e ( ! anci5ts 01 9 g5]al1 too good = ^? fool]ies#ch4 ,mr4 ,addison is p]fectly ( ! same m9d1 z appe>s f 8 criticism on t l9e 9 ,ovid1 ,consiliis1 non curribus ut]e no/ris1 8,?is way ( jo9+1 says he1 two su* diff]5t ideas z *>iot & c\nsel to ! same v]b1 is mightily us$ by ,ovid1 b is a v l[ k9d ( wit1 & has always 9 x a mixture ( pun2 because ! v]b mu/ be tak5 9 a diff]5t s5se1 :5 x is jo9$ ) "o ( ! ?+s1 f :at x has 9 conjunction ) ! o!r4 ,?us 9 ! end ( ?is /ory he tells y1 t ,jupit] flung a ?und]bolt at ,phaton2 p>it]que animaque rotisque expulit aurigam3 :]e he makes a =c$ piece ( ,lat9 7anim expulit aurigam7 t he may c\ple ! s\l & ! :eels to ! same v]b#ci40 ,^!1 ! read] w ?9k1 are pretty good au?orities4 ,=1 9 matt]s ( ta/e1 ,i "k ( none1 t m des]ve to be reg>d$4 ,! m]e v]bal critic1 "o w\ld ?9k1 %\ld be cauti\s1 h[ he oppos$ himself to !m4 ,& yet a v le>n$ ,dut*man1 :o has tak5 great pa9s 9 elucidat+ an old ,greek love-/ory1 :i*1 ) its m passionate admir]s1 may1 p]haps1 pass = ! ,,m>ianne ( antiquity1 ha? n scrupl$ to c5sure ?is decision ( _!'s v %>ply#dj4 ,hav+ transcrib$ ! c5sure ( ,mr4 ,pope1 :o1 inde$1 some:at too ha/ily1 suspects ! l9e 9 ,hom] = an ,int]polation1 our critic fa/5s ^u him directly4 ,,en ,,cor ,,z5odoti1 ,,en ,,jecur ,,cratetis6 ,b f\l language & fair criticism are diff]5t ?+s2 & :at he (f]s ( ! latt] r acc\nts = ?an ju/ifies ! =m]4 ,all he says on ! subject1 is 9 ! good old way ( au?orities1 :i*1 he dilig5tly rakes toge!r out ( e corn] ( ,greek & ,roman antiquity4 ,f all ^! he concludes1 z he ?9ks1 irresi/ibly1 n t ! passage 9 "q might be g5u9 7= t few w\ld dispute ) him7 b t ! k9d ( expression itself is a real beauty4 ,bona elocutio e/3 hone/a figura4 ,?\gh1 to ! praise ( 8 discretion be x rememb]$1 he does n ev5 v5ture on ?is ass]tion1 )\t 8 usual support ( prec$5t4 ,&1 = want ( a bett]1 he takes up ) old ,s]vius4 ,= s1 x seems1 ?is gramm>ian ha? decl>$ himself1 ) respect to "s expressions ( ! same k9d 9 ,virgil4 ,b let him make ! be/ ( 8 au?orities4 ,&1 :5 he has done t1 ,i %all take ! lib]ty to assure him1 t ! p]sons1 he cont5ds aga9/1 d n ?9k !mselves1 9 ! lea/1 conc]n$ ) !m4 ,=1 ?\gh he believes x an und5iable maxim1 ,critici non esse inquir]e1 utrum recte autor quid scrips]it1 s$ an omn9o sic scrips]it#da3 yet1 9 ! case be=e u1 he mu/ n be surpriz$1 if o!rs d n s conceive ( x4 ,inde$1 :]e ! critic w\ld def5d ! au!nticity ( a ^w or expression1 ! way ( prec$5t is1 d\btless1 ! v be/1 t common s5se all[s to be tak54 ,= ! evid5ce ( fact1 at once1 be>s d[n all suspicion ( corruption or int]polation4 ,aga92 if ! elegance ( s+le words 7or ( intire phrases1 :]e ! suspicion turns on ! oddity or uncommoness ( ! con/ruction1 only7 be ! matt] 9 dispute1 full & precise au?orities mu/ decide x4 ,= elegance1 "h1 means no?+ else b ! practice ( ! be/ writ]s4 ,& ?us f> ,i w\ld jo9 issue ) ! le>n$ c5sur]2 & %\ld ?9k he did well 9 prescrib+ ?is rule to himself 9 ! correction ( approv$ anci5t au?ors4 ,b :at h ^! cases to d ) ! po9t 9 "q8 ,! objection is made1 n to words1 :i* alone are capable ( be+ ju/ifi$ by au?ority1 b to ?+s1 :i* mu/ ev] be :at !y are1 9 spite ( x4 ,?is mode ( writ+ is %ewn to be abundantly defective1 = reasons tak5 f ! nature ( our ideas1 & ! end & g5ius ( ! nobl] =ms ( composition4 ,& :at is x to tell u1 t great writ]s h ov]look$ or neglect$ !m8 #a4 ,9 our cu/om>y tra9 ( ?9k+1 ! m9d is c>ri$ along1 9 succession1 f "o cle> & di/9ct idea to ano!r4 ,or1 if ! att5tion be at once employ$ on two s5ses1 !re is ev] su* a close & ne> analogy betwixt !m1 t ! p]ceptive faculty1 easily & almo/ in/antane\sly pass+ f ! "o to ! o!r1 is n divid$ 9 its reg>ds betwixt !m1 b ev5 seems to itself to consid] !m1 z "o3 z is ! case ) metaphor3 &1 univ]sally1 ) all ! j =ms ( allusion4 ,! union betwe5 ! lit]al & figurative s5se is s /rict1 t !y run toge!r 9 ! imag9ation2 & ! effect ( ! figure is only to let 9 fre% light & lu/re on ! lit]al mean+4 ,b n[1 :5 two diff]5t1 unconnect$ ideas are obtrud$1 at ! same "t ^u u1 ! m9d suff]s a k9d ( viol5ce & di/raction1 & is !reby put out ( t natural /ate1 9 :i* x s mu* delights4 ,to take ! le>n$ writ]'s in/ance f ,polybius3 4 ,h[ diff]5t is ! idea ( collect+ =ces1 & ( t act ( ! m9d1 :i* we call tak+ c\rage6 ,^! two p]ceptions are n only di/9ct f ea* o!r1 b totally unconnect$ by any natural bond ( relation%ip betwixt !m4 ,& yet ! ^w mu/ be se5 9 ?is d\ble view1 be=e we c take ! full mean+ ( ! hi/orian4 #b4 ,?is conjunction ( unrelat$ ideas1 by ! means ( a common t]m1 agrees z ill to ! end & g5ius ( ! writ]'s composition1 z ! natural b5t & con/itution ( ! m9d4 ,= ! "q is only ab\t ! great] poetry1 :i* addresses itself to ! ,,passions1 or ,,imag9ation4 ,&1 9 ei!r case1 ?is play ( words :i* ,mr4 ,pope condemns1 mu/ be highly out ( season4 ,:5 we are necessitat$1 z x 71 to look diff]5t ways1 & actually to contemplate two unconnect$ significations ( ! same ^w1 be=e we c ?or\ghly compreh5d its purpose1 ! m9d is m amus$ by ?is fanciful conjunction ( ideas1 ?an is consi/5t ) ! artless1 undesign+ simplicity ( passion4 ,x di/urbs & int]rupts ! fl[ ( affection1 by pres5t+ ?is disp>t$ image to ! fancy4 ,aga92 :]e fancy itself is solely address$1 z 9 ! nobl] descriptive species1 ?is arbitr>y assemblage ( ideas is n less improp]4 ,= ! poet's bus9ess is n[1 to a/oni% or ent]ta9 ! m9d ) a succession ( great or beautiful images4 ,& ! int]v5tion ( ?is juggl]'s trick div]ts ! ?\ght f contemplat+ its prop] sc5]y4 ,we %\ld be admir+ "s glori\s repres5tation ( nature1 & are /opp$1 on a sudd51 to obs]ve ! writ]'s art1 ^: +5uity c fet*1 out ( "o ^w1 two su* =eign & discrepant mean+s4 ,9 ! light] =ms ( poetry inde$1 & m especially 9 ! burlesque epic1 ?is affectation has its place2 z 9 t l9e ( ,mr4 ,pope1 quot$ by ?is critic2 sometimes c\nsel takes1 & sometimes tea4 ,= #a4 ,! writ]'s int5tion is "h1 n to affect ! passions1 or transport ! fancy1 b solely to div]t & amuse4 ,& to su* end ?is species ( trifl+ is v apposite4 #b4 ,! mann]1 :i* ! burlesque epic takes to div]t1 is by conf\nd+ great ?+s ) small4 ,a mode ( spee* !n1 :i* fav\rs su* confusion1 is directly to its purpose4 #c4 ,?is poem is1 by its nature1 satyrical1 &1 l ! old com$y1 delights 9 expos+ ! faults & vices ( composition4 ,s t ! expression is "h prop]ly employ$ 7& ?is 01 p]haps1 ! fir/ view ( ! writ]7 to ridicule ! use ( x 9 grave works4 ,if ,m4 ,d',orville !n c\ld s]i\sly design to confute ,mr4 ,pope's criticism by 8 own practice 9 t l9e ( ! ,rape ( ! ,lock1 he has only %ewn1 t he does n1 9 ! lea/1 compreh5d ! real g5ius ( ?is poem4 ,b to return3 ,!re is1 z appe>s to me1 b "o case1 9 :i* ?is d\ble s5se ( words c be admitt$ 9 ! m solemn =ms ( poetry4 ,x is1 :51 besides ! pla9 lit]al mean+1 :i* ! context dem&s1 ! m9d is c>ri$ =w>d to "s m illu/ri\s & important object4 ,we h an in/ance 9 ! fam\s l9e ( ,virgil1 ,attoll5s hum]is famamque et fata nepotum4 ,b ?is is s f> f contradict+1 t x fur!rs ! writ]'s prop] int5tion4 ,we are n call$ (f f ! subject matt] to ! obs]vation ( a conceit1 b to ! admiration ( k9dr$ sublime conceptions4 ,= ev5 "h1 x is to be obs]v$1 !re is always requir$ "s previ\s dep5d5cy & relation%ip1 ?\gh n extremely obvi\s1 9 ! natures ( ! ?+s !mselves1 :]eon to gr\nd & ju/ify ! analogy4 ,o!rwise1 ! int5tion ( ! d\ble s5se is p]fectly inexcusable4 ,b ! in/ance f ,virgil1 z we h se5 x expla9$ 7& = ! fir/ "t7 by a great critic#db1 is s curi\s1 t ,i %all be all[$ to enl>ge a little ^u x3 & ! r z ,virgil's practice 9 ?is in/ance w let u into ! true secret ( conduct+ ^! d\ble s5ses4 ,! comm5t ( ,s]vius on ?is l9e is rem>kable4 8,hunc v]sum notant ,critici1 quasi sup]flu et inutilit] additum1 nec conv5i5tem gravitati ejus1 namque e/ magis neot]icus40 ,mr4 ,addison conceiv$ ( x 9 ! same mann] :5 he said1 8,?is 0 ! only witty l9e 9 ! neis20 mean+ su* a l9e z ,ovid w\ld h writt54 ,we see ! op9ion :i* ^! ,critics ent]ta9$ ( ! d\ble s5se1 9 g5]al1 9 ! great] ,poetry4 ,!y e/eem$ x a wanton play ( fancy1 misbecom+ ! dignity ( ! writ]'s "w1 & ! gravity ( 8 "*4 ,!y took x1 9 %ort1 = a m]e mod]n fl\ri%1 totally diff]5t f ! pure unaffect$ mann] ( g5u9 antiquity4 ,& ?us f> !y unque/ionably judg$ "r4 ,_! defect 0 9 n see+ t ! use ( x1 z "h employ$ by ! ,poet1 0 an exception to ! g5]al rule4 ,b to h se5 ?is 0 n1 p]haps1 to be expect$ ev5 f ^! ,critics4 ,h[ev]1 f ?is want ( p5etration arose a difficulty 9 det]m9+ :e!r to read1 ,facta or ,fata ,nepotum4 ,&1 z we n[ und]/& t ,s]vius & 8 ,critics 7 utt] /rang]s to ,virgil's noble idea1 x is no wond] !y c\ld n resolve x4 ,b ! latt] is ! ,poet's own ^w4 ,he consid]$ ?is %ield ( cele/ial make z a k9d ( ,palladium1 l ! ,,ancile1 :i* fell f ,heav51 & us$ to be c>ri$ 9 procession on ! %\ld]s ( ! ,,salii4 8,quid de scutis10 says ,lactantius1 8jam vetu/ate putridis dicam8 ,quae cum portant1 ,deos ipsos se ge/>e ,,hum]is ,,suis arbitrantur40 ,div4 ,in/4 l4 i4 c4 #ba4 ,virgil1 9 a f9e flight ( imag9ation1 alludes to ?is v5]able c]emony1 comp>+1 z x 71 ! %ield ( 8 ,h]o to ! sacr$ ,,ancile2 & 9 con=mity to ! practice 9 t sacr$ procession repres5ts 8 ,h]o 9 ! prie/ly (fice ( ,religion1 ,attoll5s ,,hum]o famamque et ,,fata ,nepotum4 ,?is idea !n ( ! sacr$ %ield1 ! gu>d & glory ( ,rome1 & on :i*1 9 ?is advanc$ situation1 dep5d$ ! fame & =tune ( 8 c\ntry1 ! poet1 ) extreme elegance & sublimity1 transf]s to ! %ield :i* gu>d$ _! great prog5itor1 :ile he 0 lay+ ! fir/ f\ndations ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,b to return to ! subject be=e u4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! impropriety ( d\ble s5ses1 holds ( ! con/ruction ( a s+le t]m 9 two s5ses1 ev5 ?\gh its au?oriz$ usage may equally admit bo?4 ,s t ,i _c be ( a m9d ) ! le>n$ critic's wise m5#dc2 :o ackn[l$ge an extreme elegance 9 ?is =m1 :5 ! gov]n+ v]b equally corresponds to ! two sub/antives4 ,b :5 x prop]ly c be appli$ b to "o ( !m1 & ) "s =ce & /ra9+ only1 to ! second1 z commonly happ5s ) ! application ( "o v]b to two sub/antives1 x !n deg5]ates1 z ,mr4 ,addison obs]ves1 into a m]e quibble1 & is utt]ly incompatible ) ! grav] =m ( composition4 ,& = ?is we h ! concurr5t au?ority ( ! cordati !mselves1 :o readily admit1 durum admodum et fi]i orationem1 si v]bum hoc ab alt]utro abhorreat#dd4 ,)\t s(t5+ matt]s1 besides ! =m] absurdity ( a second s5se1 we are n[ indebt$ to a =c$ & b>b>\s con/ruction = any second s5se at all4 ,b surely ?is v5]able b5* ( critics1 to :om our c5sur] ?9ks fit to make 8 solemn appeal1 7 n aw>e ( ! imprud5ce ( ?is concession4 ,= :y1 if "o may presume to ask1 is ! latt] use ( ?is figure condemn$1 b = reasons1 :i* %ew ! manife/ absurdity ( ! ?+1 h[ev] c\nt5anc$ by au?orities8 ,& is n ?is ! case ( ! =m]8 ,or1 is ! transgression ( ! /&+ rules ( good s5se1 9 ! judgm5t ( ^! c5sors1 a m p>donable crime 9 a writ]1 ?an ( common usage or gramm>8 ,aft] all1 s9ce he lays s great /ress on 8 au?orities1 x may n be amiss to consid] ! prop] =ce ( !m4 ,! =m ( speak+ "u consid]ation has be5 c5sur$ z a trifl+1 affect$ witticism4 ,?is c5sure he hopes entirely to elude by %ew+ x 0 9 use1 m especially among two sorts ( p]sons1 ! lea/ likely to be infect$ ) wrong ta/e1 ! olde/1 t is to say1 ! simple/2 & ! mo/ ref9$ writ]s4 ,9 %ort1 he ?9ks to /op all m\?s by all$g+ in/ances f ,hom] & ,virgil4 ,b :at if ,hom] & ,virgil 9 ! few examples ( ?is k9d to be met ) 9 _! writ+s h err$8 ,&1 :i* is m1 :at if t v simplicity on ! "o h&1 & ref9em5t on ! o!r1 :i* he builds s mu* ^u1 c be %ewn to be ! natural & almo/ necess>y occasions ( _! fall+ into su* errors8 ,?is1 ,i am p]suad$1 0 ! tru? ( ! case4 ,=1 #a4 ,9 ! simpl] ages ( le>n+1 :51 z yet1 composition is n turn$ into an art1 b e writ]1 especially ( vehem5t & impetu\s g5ius1 is cont5t$ to put d[n 8 fir/ ?\ghts1 &1 = _! expression1 takes up ) ! mo/ obvi\s words & phrases1 t pres5t !mselves to him1 ?is improp] con/ruction w n be unfrequ5t4 ,= ! writ]1 :o is n kn[+ en\gh to take (f5ce at ^! niceties1 hav+ an imm$iate occasion to express two ?+s1 & f9d+ "o ^w1 :i*1 9 common usage1 at lea/ ) a little /ra9+1 ext5ds to bo?1 he looks no fur!r1 b1 z suspect+ no fault1 employs x )\t scruple4 ,& ,i am ! m confirm$ 9 ?is acc\nt1 f obs]v+1 t sometimes1 :]e ! gov]n+ v]b _c be made to be> ?is d\ble s5se1 & yet ! mean+ ( ! writ] is cle> en\gh f ! context1 ! prop] ^w is altoge!r omitt$4 ,( ?is k9d are sev]al ( ! modes ( speak+1 all$g$ by ! writ] z in/ances ( ! d\ble s5se4 ,z 9 t ( ,sophocles#de1 :]e ,electra1 giv+ ord]s to ,*ryso!mis1 ab\t ! disposal ( ! libations1 de/9$ = ! tomb ( h] fa!r1 deliv]s h]self ?us1 ' 1 4 ,! writ]'s fir/ int5tion 0 to look out = "s su* v]b1 z w\ld equally correspond to & 1 b ?is n occurr+1 he sets d[n "o1 t only agrees to ! la/1 & leaves ! o!r to be und]/ood or suppli$ by ! read]2 z x easily might1 ! scope ( ! place necess>ily direct+ him to x4 ,x _c be suppos$1 t ,sophocles design$ to say1 4 ,!re is no aff9ity ( s5se or s\nd to lead him to su* con/ruction4 ,aga93 9 t v]se ( ,hom]#df1 1 ' 1 ! poet nev] meant to say 1 b neglect+ly left x ?us1 z tru/+ ! nature ( ! ?+ w\ld in/ruct ! read] to supply 1 or "s su* ^w1 expressive ( ! po/ure requir$4 ,nay1 writ]s ( m exactness ?an ^! simple ,greek poets h occasionally ov]look$ su* inaccuracies3 z ,cic]o#dg1 :o1 :5 m int5t on 8 argum5t1 ?an expression1 lets fall ?is impropriety2 ,nec v]o ,,supra ,,t]ram1 s$ etiam ,,9 ,,intimis ,,ejus ,,t5ebris plurim>um r]um ,,latet utilitas4 ',tis pla91 ! writ]1 conceiv+ extat1 patet1 or "s su* ^w1 to be necess>ily sugge/$ by ! t5or ( 8 s5t5ce1 nev] tr\bl$ himself to g back to ins]t x4 ,yet ^! are br\ght z examples ( ! d\ble application ( s+le words4 ,! tru? is1 !y are examples ( indilig5ce 9 ! writ]s1 & z su*1 may %ew u1 h[ easily !y might fall1 = ! same reason1 into ! impropriety ( d\ble s5ses4 ,9 ^? ( ?is class !n ! impropriety1 compla9$ (1 is ! effect ( m]e inatt5tion or c>elessness4 #b4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ?is neglig5t simplicity ( ?9k+ & speak+ gives way to ! utmo/ poli% & ref9em5t 9 bo?1 we are !n to expect x1 = ! contr>y reason4 ,= ! m obvi\s & natural =ms ( writ+ be+1 n[1 gr[n common1 are held insipid1 & ! public ta/e dem&s to be gratifi$ by ! season+ ( a m /udi$ & artificial expression4 ,x is n en\gh to please1 ! writ] mu/ f9d means to /rike & surprize4 ,& h5ce ! anti!sis1 ! remote allusion1 & e o!r mode ( affect$ eloqu5ce4 ,b ( ^! ! fir/ t prevails1 is ! application ( ! d\ble s5se4 ,= ! g5]al use ju/ify+ x1 x easily passes ) ! read] & writ] too1 = natural expression2 & yet z splitt+ ! att5tion sudd5ly1 & at once1 on two diff]5t views1 c>ries ) x all ! novelty & surprize1 t are want$4 ,:5 ! public ta/e is n1 yet1 f> gone 9 ?is ref9em5t1 & ! writ] ha? himself ! true/ ta/e 7:i* 0 ,,virgil',s case7 su* affectations w n be v common2 or1 :5 !y d occur1 w1 = ! mo/ "p1 be agreeably s(t5$4 ,z 9 ! in/ance ( retroque p$em cum voce repressit2 :]e1 by mak+ voce imm$iately dep5d5t on ! preposition1 & remotely on ! v]b1 he s(t5s ! h>%ness ( ! expression1 :i* seems mu* m tol]able 9 ?is =m1 ?an if he _h put x1 p$em vocemque repressit4 ,s aga9 9 ! l9e1 ,crudeles aras trajectaque pectora f]ro ,nudavit1 ! incongruity ( ! two s5ses 9 nudavit1 is ! less p]ceiv$ f its metaphorical application to "o ( !m4 ,b ! desire ( pleas+ cont9ually1 :i*1 9 ! circum/ance suppos$1 ins5sibly gr[s into a habit1 mu/1 ( necessity1 betray writ]s ( less ta/e & exactness into ! frequ5t commission ( ?is fault4 ,:i*1 z ,mr4 ,addison takes notice1 0 rem>kably ! case ) ,,ovid4 ,! purpose ( all ?is is to %ew1 t ! use ( ?is =m ( speak+ arose f neglig5ce1 or affectation1 nev] f judgm5t4 ,& su* be+ ! obvi\s1 &1 x is presum$1 true acc\nt ( ! matt]1 ! le>n$ ,animadv]tor on ,,*>iton is left1 z ,i said1 to make ! be/ ( 8 au?orities2 or1 ev5 to enl>ge 8 li/ ( !m ) ! ,c5turies#dh ( 8 good fri5ds1 at 8 leisure4 ,= till he c tell u ( a writ]1 :o1 nei!r 9 c>eless1 nor ambiti\s hum\rs1 is capable ( ?is folly1 8 accumulat$ citations1 7 !y m to 8 purpose1 ?an _m ( !m are1 w d him little s]vice4 ,unless p]haps we are to give up common s5se to au?ority1 & pride ourselves on mimick+ ! v defects ( our bett]s4 ,& ev5 "h he ne$ n be at a loss = prec$5ts4 ,= s ! disciples ( ,plato1 we are told1 9 =m] times1 affect$ to be r\nd-%\ld]$1 9 complim5t to _! ma/]2 & ,ari/otle's wor%ip]s1 because ( a natural imp$im5t 9 ?is philosoph]'s spee*1 ?\ght x to _! cr$it to turn ,/amm]]s4 ,& )\t d\bt1 :ile ?is fa%ion prevail$1 !re 7 critics1 :o f\nd out a ,je ne sai quoi 9 ! air ( ! "o p>ty1 & 9 ! eloqu5ce ( ! o!r4 99 99 99 99 99 #ig4 ,,susp5dit ,,picta ,,vultum ,,m5temque ,,tabella2 ,horace judici\sly describes pa9t+ by t peculi> circum/ance1 :i* does mo/ hon\r to ?is f9e art4 ,x is1 t1 9 ! h&s ( a ma/]1 x atta*es1 n ! eyes only1 b ! v s\l1 to its repres5tation ( ! human affections & mann]s4 ,= x is 9 contemplat+ subjects ( ?is k9d1 t ! m9d1 ) a fond & eag] att5tion1 hangs on ! picture4 ,o!r imitations may please1 b ?is w>ms & transports ) passion4 ,&1 because :atev] addresses itself imm$iately to ! eye1 affects u mo/2 h5ce x is1 t pa9t+1 s employ$1 becomes m efficaci\s to express ! mann]s & impr9t *>act]s1 ?an poetry itself3 or r1 ha? ! advantages ( ! be/ & usefulle/ species ( poetry1 ! dramatic1 :5 en=c$ by j action on ! /age4 ,qu9tilian gives x ! l pref]5ce to ,oratory4 ,speak+ ( ! use ( action 9 an orator1 he obs]ves1 8,is ge/us quantum habeat 9 oratore1 mom5ti2 satis vel ex eo patet1 quod pl]aque1 etiam citra v]ba1 significat4 ,quippe non manus solum1 s$ nutus etiam decl>ant no/ram voluntatem1 et 9 mutis pro s]mone sunt3 et salutatio frequ5t] s9e voce intelligitur atque afficit1 et ex +ressu vultuque p]spicitur habitus animorum3 et animantium quoque1 s]mone c>5tium1 ira1 laetitia1 adulatio1 et oculis et quibusdam aliis corporis signis depreh5ditur4 ,nec mirum1 si i/a1 quae tam5 aliquo sunt posita motu1 tantum 9 animis val5t3 quum pictura1 tac5s opus1 et habits semp] ejusdem1 sic intimos p5etret affectus1 ut ipsam vim dic5di nonnunquam sup]>e videatur#di40 ,we see !n ( :at importance x is1 s9ce affections ( e k9d are equally )9 8 p[]1 t ! pa9t] apply himself to excite only ^?1 :i* are subs]vi5t to good morals4 ,an importance1 ( :i* ,ari/otle himself 7:o 0 no en?usia/ 9 ! f9e arts7 0 s s5sible1 t he gives x 9 *>ge1 among/ o!r political in/ructions1 to ! gov]nors ( y\?1 8t !y all[ !m to see no o!r pictures1 ?an su* z h ?is moral aim & t5d5cy2 ( :i* k9d 7 m especially ^? ( ,,polygnotus40 ,,polit4 lib4 viii4 c4 #e4 ,= ! mann]1 9 :i* ?is moral efficacy ( picture is br\ght ab\t1 we f9d x agreeably expla9$ 9 t conv]sation ( ,socrates ) ,p>rhasius 9 ! ,memorabilia ( ,x5ophon4 ,! :ole may be wor? consid]+4 8,,pa9t+1 said ,socrates1 "o day1 9 a conv]sation ) ! pa9t] ,p>rhasius1 is1 ,i ?9k1 ! resemblance or imitation ( s5sible objects4 ,= y repres5t 9 col\rs1 bodies ( all sorts1 holl[ & project+1 bright & obscure1 h>d & s(t1 old & new4 8,we d40 ,&1 :5 y w\ld draw beautiful p\rtraits1 s9ce x is n possible to f9d any s+le figure ( a man1 faultless 9 all its p>ts & ( exact proportion2 y\r way is to collect1 f sev]al1 ^? memb]s or features1 :i* are mo/ p]fect 9 ea*1 & s1 by jo9+ !m toge!r1 to comp\nd "o :ole body1 completely beautiful4 8,t is our me?od40 ,:at !n1 cont9u$ ,socrates1 & are y n able1 also1 to imitate 9 col\rs1 ! ,,mann]s2 ^? t5d5cies & dispositions ( ! s\l1 :i* are b5evol5t1 fri5dly1 & amiable2 su* z inspire love & affection into ! he>t1 & ^: s(t ins9uations c>ry ) !m ! p[] ( p]suasion8 8,h[1 repli$ ,p>rhasius1 c ! p5cil imitate t1 :i* ha? no proportion1 col\r1 or any o!r ( ^? prop]ties1 y h be5 j n[ enum]at+1 z ! objects ( sight80 ,:y1 is x n true1 return$ ,socrates1 t a man sometimes ca/s a k9d1 sometimes1 an angry1 look on o!rs8 8,x is40 ,!re mu/ !n be some?+ 9 ! eyes capable ( express+ ^? passions4 8,!re mu/40 ,& is !re n a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! look ( him1 :o takes "p 9 ! prosp]ity ( a fri5d1 & ano!r1 :o sympa?izes ) him 9 8 sorr[s8 8,und\bt$ly1 !re is ! wide/4 ,! c\nt5ance1 9 ! "o case1 expresses joy1 9 ! o!r1 conc]n40 ,^! affections may !n be repres5t$ 9 picture4 8,!y may s40 ,9 l mann]1 all o!r dispositions ( our nature1 ! l(ty & ! lib]al1 ! abject & ung5]\s1 ! temp]ate & ! prud5t1 ! petulant & pr(ligate1 ^! are sev]ally disc]nible by ! look or attitude3 & t1 :e!r we obs]ve m5 9 action1 or at re/4 8,!y are40 ,& ^!1 !re=e1 come )9 ! p[] ( graphical imitation8 8,!y d40 ,:i* !n1 conclud$ ,socrates1 d y believe1 m5 take ! greate/ pleasure 9 contemplat+2 su* imitations1 z set be=e !m ! ,,good1 ! ,,lovely1 & ! ,,fair1 ( ^?1 :i* repres5t ! ,,bad1 ! ,,hateful1 & ! ,,ugly1 qualities & affections ( humanity8 ,!re c be no d\bt1 said ,p>rhasius1 ( _! giv+ ! pref]5ce to ! =m]40 ,lib4 iii4 ,! conclusion1 ! philosoph] drives at 9 ?is conv]sation1 & :i* ! pa9t] readily conc$es to him1 is :at1 ,i am p]suad$1 e ma/] ( ! art w\ld be will+ to act ^u1 7 he at lib]ty to pursue ! b5t ( 8 natural g5ius & incl9ation4 ,b x un=tunately happ5s1 to ! inf9ite prejudice ( ?is mode ( imitation1 above all o!rs1 t ! arti/ designs n s mu* :at ! dignity ( 8 pr(ession requires ( him1 or ! g5]al ta/e ( ^?1 he w\ld mo/ wi% = 8 judges1 approves2 z :at ! ri* or noble ,connoisseur1 :o bespeaks 8 "w1 & prescribes ! subject1 dem&s4 ,:at ?is has usually be51 let ! hi/ory ( anci5t & mod]n pa9t+ decl>e#ej4 ,yet1 consid]+ its va/ p[] 9 ,,morals1 z expla9$ above1 "o _c en\gh lam5t ! ill de/9y ( ?is div9e ,,art2 :i*1 f ! *a/e h&-maid ( virtue1 ha? be5 debau*$1 9 viol5ce to h] nature1 to a %ameless pro/itute ( vice1 & procuress ( pleasure4 99 99 99 99 99 #aag4 ,,scribimus ,,indocti ,,doctique ,,poemata ,,passim4 ,! ,,docti ,,poetae h at all times be5 e/eem$ by ! wise & good1 or1 r1 h be5 rev]5c$1 z ,plato speaks1 4 ,z = ! ,,indocti1 we may take _! "* z drawn by ! sev]e1 b j p5 ( our great ,milton--8,poetas equidem v] doctos et diligo et colo et audi5do saepissim delector--i/os v] v]siculorum nugiv5dos quis non od]it8 quo g5]e nihil /ultius aut vanius aut corruptius1 aut m5dacius4 ,laudant1 vitup]ant1 s9e delectu1 s9e discrim9e1 judicio aut modo1 nunc pr9cipes1 nunc plebeios1 doctos juxta atque indoctos1 probos an improbos p]9d hab5t2 pr\t can?>us1 aut spes nummuli1 aut fatuus ille furor inflat ac rapit2 conge/is undique et v]borum et r]um tot discoloribus ineptiis tamque putidis1 ut laudatum long prae/et sil]i1 et pravo1 quod aiunt1 viv]e naso1 qum sic laud>i3 vitup]atus v] qui sit1 haud m$iocri san honori sibi ducat1 se tam absurdis1 tam /olidis nebulonibus displic]e40 ,,def4 ,,secund4 ,,pro ,,pop4 ,,ang4 p4 #ccg4 #dto ,lond4 #agec4 99 99 99 99 99 #aah4 ,,hic ,,error ,,tam51 c4 ,:at foll[s f h5ce to v4 #acf1 conta9+ an encomium on ! (fice ( poets1 is "o ( ! lead+ beauties 9 ! epi/le4 ,its artifice consi/s 9 ?is1 t1 "u ! cov] ( a neglig5t comm5dation1 int]sp]s$ ) ev5 "s traits ( pleasantry ^u !m1 x ins9uates to ! emp]or1 9 ! mann] ! lea/ (f5sive & o/5tati\s1 ! g5u9 m]its1 & ev5 sacr$ness ( _! "*4 ,! :ole is a f9e in/ance ( t address1 :i*1 9 deliv]+ rules = ?is k9d ( writ+1 ! poet prescribes else:]e4 ,et s]mone opus e/ modo tri/i1 saepe jocoso1 ,def5d5te vicem modo ,rhetoris atque ,poetae2 ,int]dum ,,urbani ,,p>c5tis ,,viribus ,,atque ,,ext5uantis ,,eas ,,consulto4 #a ,s4 x4 #ad4 ,?is conduct1 9 ! place be=e u1 %ews ! poet's exquisite k ( human nature4 ,= !re is no sur] me?od ( remov+ prejudices1 & ga9+ ov] o!rs to an e/eem ( any ?+ we w\ld recomm5d1 ?an by n appe>+ to lay too great a /ress on x ourselves4 ,x is1 fur!r1 a pro( ( 8 intimate acqua9tance ) ! peculi> turn ( ! great2 :o1 n be+ =w>d to ?9k highly ( any ?+ b !mselves & _! own dignities1 are1 ) difficulty1 br\ght to conceive ( o!r accompli%m5ts1 z ( mu* value2 & c only be won by ! fair & c&id address ( _! apologi/1 :o mu/ be sure n to c>ry 8 praises & pret5sions too high4 ,x is ?is art ( ent]+ into ! *>act]s1 prejudices1 & expectations ( o!rs1 & ( kn[+ to suit our application1 prud5tly1 b ) innoc5ce1 to !m1 :i* con/itutes :at we call ,a ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,an art1 ( :i* ! great poet 0 a consummate ma/]1 & ?an :i* !re _c be a m useful or amiable quality4 ,only we mu/ take c>e n to conf\nd x ) t supple1 v]satile1 & intrigu+ g5ius1 :i*1 tak+ all %apes1 & reflect+ all *>act]s1 g5]ally passes = x 9 ! comm]ce ( ! _w1 or r is priz$ mu* above x2 b1 z requir+ no o!r tal5ts 9 ! possessor ?an ^? ( a l[ cunn+ & corrupt design1 is ( all o!rs ! mo/ mis*iev\s1 wor?less1 & contemptible "*1 t infe/s human life4 99 99 99 99 99 #aah4 ,,hic ,,error ,,tam5 ,,et ,,levis ,,haec ,,insania ,,quantas ,,virtutes ,,habeat1 ,,sic ,,collige3 ,?is apology = poets1 &1 9 !m1 = poetry itself1 ?\gh deliv]$ ) mu* app>5t neglig5ce & unconc]n1 yet1 if consid]$1 w be f\nd to comprize 9 x e ?+1 t any1 or all1 ( its mo/ zeal\s advocates h ev] pret5d$ 9 its behalf4 ,= x compreh5ds1 ,i4 ,f v4 #aah to #abd1 ,,! ,,p]sonal ,,good ,,qualities ,,( ,,! ,,poet4 ,no?+ is m insi/$ on by ^?1 :o take ^u !mselves ! patronage & recomm5dation ( any art1 ?an t x t5ds to raise 9 ! pr(essor ( x all ^? virtues1 :i* contribute mo/ to 8 own prop] enjoym5t1 & r5d] him mo/ agreeable to o!rs4 ,n[ ?is1 x seems1 may be urg$1 on ! side ( poetry1 ) a peculi> =ce4 ,= n only ! /udy ( ?is art ha? a direct t5d5cy to produce a neglect or disreg>d ( worldly hon\rs & emolum5ts 7f ! too eag] appetite ( :i* almo/ all ! calamities1 z well z ! m unfri5dly vices1 ( m5 arise7 b he1 :om ! b5ign aspect ( ! muse ha? glanc$ ^u & de/9$ = h] peculi> s]vice1 is1 by con/itution1 :i* is ev] ! be/ security1 =tifi$ aga9/ ! attacks ( !m4 ,?us 8 ,,raptures 9 ! enjoym5t ( 8 muse make him ov]look ! common accid5ts ( life v4 #aba2 he is g5]\s1 op51 & undesign+1 by ,,nature v4 #abb2 to :i* we mu/ n =get to add1 t he is temp]ate1 t is to say1 poor1 by ,,pr(ession4 ,,vivit ,,siliquis ,,et ,,pane ,,secundo4 ,,ii4 ,f v4 #abd to #acb4 ,,! ,,utility ,,( ,,! ,,poet ,,to ,,! ,,/ate3 & ?is bo? on a civil & moral acc\nt4 ,=1 #a4 ! poets1 :om we read 9 our y\ng] ye>s1 & f :om we le>n ! p[] ( words1 & hidd5 h>mony ( numb]s1 t is1 z a pr(\nd ,scot*man tea*es1 ! fir/ & mo/ ess5tial pr9ciples ( eloqu5ce#ea1 enable1 by degrees1 & in/ruct _! pupil to appe> ) advantage1 9 t ext5sively useful capacity ( a public speak]4 ,&1 inde$1 grav] writ]s1 ?an our poet1 h s5t ! orator to ?is s*ool4 ,b ! pret5sions ( poetry g mu* f>!r4 ,x delights f v4 #acj to #acb to immortalize ! triumphs ( virtue3 to record or feign illu/ri\s examples ( h]oic wor?1 = ! s]vice ( ! ris+ age3 &1 :i* is ! la/ & be/ fruit ( philosophy itself1 x c relieve ev5 ! languor ( ill-heal?1 & su/a9 pov]ty h]self "u ! scorn & insult ( contumeli\s opul5ce4 #b4 ,9 a moral view its s]vices are n less consid]able4 7,= x may be obs]v$ ! poet 0 s f> ( a m9d ) ! philosoph]1 to give no qu>t] to immoral poets74 ,& to ?is end x s]ves1 #a4 v4 #abg 9 turn+ ! e> ( y\? f t e>ly corruptor ( its innoc5ce1 ! s$ucem5t ( a loose & impure communication4 #b4 ,next v4 #abh 9 =m+ our rip] age 7:i* x does ) all ! address & t5d]ness ( fri5d%ip3 ,,amicis praeceptis7 by ! sanctity & wisdom ( its precepts4 ,&1 #c4 :i* is ! prop] (fice ( trag$y1 9 correct+ ! excesses ( ! natural passions v4 #abb4 ,! read] :o do? n turn himself to ! orig9al1 w be apt to mi/ake ?is detail ( ! virtues ( poetry1 = an acc\nt ( ! ,policy & ,legislation ( anci5t & mod]n times2 ^: pr\de/ boa/1 :5 ! philan?ropy ( _! en?usia/ic projectors ran at ! highe/1 0 b to prev5t ! impressions ( vice3 to =m ! m9d to habits ( virtue3 & to curb & regulate ! passions4 ,,iii4 ,,8 ,,s]vices ,,to ,,religion4 ,?is might well en\gh be said1 :e!r by religion we und]/& an int]nal rev]5ce ( ! ,gods1 :i* poetry fir/ & pr9cipally int5d$2 or _! popul> adoration & wor%ip1 :i*1 by its fictions1 z ( necessity con=m+ to ! receiv$ fancies ( sup]/ition1 x mu/ greatly t5d to promote & e/abli%4 ,b ! poet1 artfully seiz+ a circum/ance1 :i* supposes & includes 9 x bo? ^! respects1 r5d]s 8 def5ce va/ly int]e/+4 ,all ! cu/om>y addresses ( ,hea!nism to its gods1 m especially on any great & solemn em]g5cy1 7 ! "w ( ! poet4 ,= nature1 x seems1 _h taught ! pagan _w1 :at ! ,hebrew ,prophets !mselves did n disda9 to practice1 t1 to lift ! imag9ation1 &1 ) x1 ! sluggi% affections ( human nature1 to ,heav51 x 0 exp$i5t to lay hold on e assi/ance ( art4 ,!y !re=e pres5t$ _! supplications to ! ,div9ity 9 ! ri*e/ & brighte/ dress ( eloqu5ce1 :i* is poetry4 ,n to insi/1 t devotion1 :5 s9c]e & ard5t1 f its v nature1 enk9dles a gl[ ( ?\ght1 :i* communicates /rongly ) ! transports ( poetry4 ,h5ce ! language ( ! ,gods 7= s 0 poetry acc\nt$1 z well f its be+ ! div9e/ species ( communication1 our rude conceptions c well frame ev5 = sup]ior intellig5cies1 z = t x 0 ! fitte/ vehicle ( our applications to !m7 became n ! ornam5t only1 b an ess5tial 9 ! c]emonial1 ( paganism4 ,& ?is1 toge!r ) an allusion to a =m ( public pray] 7= su* 0 8 secul> ode7 compos$ by himself1 gives1 at once1 a grace & sublimity to ?is "p ( ! apology1 :i* are p]fectly inimitable4 ,?us ha? ! great poet1 9 ! compass ( a few l9es1 drawn toge!r a complete def5ce ( 8 art4 ,= :at m c\ld ! w>me/ admir] ( poetry1 or1 because zeal is quick5$ by opposition1 :at m c\ld ! vehem5t declaim] aga9/ ,plato 7:o proscrib$ x71 urge 9 its behalf1 ?an t x furni%es1 to ! poet himself1 ! sure/ means ( solit>y & social enjoym5t3 & fur!r s]ves to ! mo/ important ,,civil1 ,,moral1 & ,,religi\s purposes8 99 99 99 99 99 #aai4--,,vatis ,,av>us ,,non ,,tem]e ,,e/ ,,animus3 ,!re is an unlucky ,italian prov]b1 :i* says1 ,*i b5 scrive1 non s>a mai ricco4--,! true reason1 )\t d\bt1 is "h giv5 by ! poet4 99 99 99 99 99 #abd4 ,,militiae ,,quamquam ,,pig] ,,et ,,malus1 ,! obs]vation has mu* grace1 z ref]r+ to himself1 :o _h acquir$ no cr$it1 z a soldi]1 9 ! civil w>s ( 8 c\ntry4--,we h an example ( ?is misalliance betwe5 ! poetic & milit>y "*1 record$ 9 ! hi/ory ( our own civil w>s1 :i* may be j wor? m5tion+4 ,sir ,p4 ,w>wick1 speak+ ( ! fam\s ,e>l ( ,newca/le1 obs]ves--88 edge _h too mu* ( ! razor 9 x1 = he _h a t9cture ( a romantic _s1 & _h ! mis=tune to h some:at ( ! ,poet 9 him2 s z he *ose ,sir ,william ,dav5ant1 an em95t good poet1 & loyal g5tleman1 to be lieut5ant-g5]al ( 8 ordnance4 ,?is incl9ation ( 8 own1 & su* k9d ( witty society 7to be mode/ 9 ! expressions ( x7 div]t$ _m c\ncils1 & lo/ _m opportunities1 :i* ! nature ( t affair1 ?is great man _h n[ ent]$ into1 requir$40 ,,memoirs1 p4 #bce4 99 99 99 99 99 #acb4 ,,ca/is ,,cum ,,pu]is1 c4 ,we h1 be=e1 tak5 notice1 h[ prop]ly ! poet1 = ! easi] & m successful introduction ( 8 apology1 assum$ ! p]son urbani1 p>c5tis viribus4 ,we see him "h1 9 t ( ,rhetoris atque ,poetae4 ,= admoni%$1 z x 71 by ! ris+ dignity ( 8 subject1 :i* l$ him f ! moral1 to speak ( ! religi\s uses ( poetry1 he ins5sibly drops ! bad9eur1 & takes an air1 n ( s]i\sness only1 b ( solemnity4 ,?is *ange is made ) art4 ,= ! att5tion is c>ri$ f ! uses ( poetry1 9 consol+ ! unhappy1 by ! easie/ transition imag9able1 to ! /ill m solemn application ( x to ! (fices ( piety4 ,& its use is1 to impress on ! m9d a /rong] s5se ( ! weight ( ! poet's plea1 ?an c\ld h be5 expect$ f a m direct & cont9u$ declamation4 ,= ?is is ! con/ant & natural effect ( kn[+ to pass f gay to sev]e1 ) grace & dignity4 99 99 99 99 99 #afi4 ,,s$ ,,habet ,,como$ia ,,tanto ,,plus ,,on]is1 ,,quanto ,,v5i> ,,m9us4 ,trag$y1 ^: int5tion is to affect1 may secure :at is mo/ ess5tial to its k9d1 ?\gh x fail 9 "s m9ut] resemblances ( nature3 ,com$y1 propos+ = its ma9 end exact repres5tation1 is fundam5tally defective1 if x d n p]fectly succe$ 9 x4 ,& ?is expla9s ! gr\nd ( ! poet's obs]vation1 t ,com$y ha? v5iae m9us2 = he is speak+ ( ! draught ( ! mann]s only1 9 :i* respect a great] indulg5ce is v des]v$ly %ewn to ! tragic ?an comic writ]4 ,b ?\gh ,trag$y ha? ?us f> ! advantage1 yet 9 ano!r respect its laws are m sev]e ?an ^? ( ,com$y2 & t is 9 ! conduct ( ! fable4 ,x may be ask$ !n1 :i* ( ! two dramas is1 on ! :ole1 mo/ difficult4 ,to :i* ! answ] is decisive4 ,= ,trag$y1 ^: end is ! ,pa?os1 produces x by action1 :ile ,com$y produces its end1 ! ,hum\r\s1 by ,"*4 ,n[ x is mu* m difficult to pa9t mann]s1 ?an to plan action2 because t requires ! philosoph]'s k ( human nature2 ?is1 only ! hi/orian's k ( human ev5ts4 ,x is true1 9 "o s5se1 ! tragic muse has v5iae m9us2 = ?\gh grave & pleasant sc5es may be indiff]5tly repres5t$1 or ev5 mix$ toge!r1 9 com$y1 yet1 9 trag$y1 ! s]i\s & solemn air mu/ prevail ?r\gh\t4 ,inde$1 our ,%akespe> has violat$ ?is rule1 z he ha?1 ^u occasion1 almo/ e o!r rule1 ( j criticism3 ,:5ce1 "s writ]s1 tak+ advantage ( t idolatr\s admiration :i* is g5]ally pr(ess$ = ?is great poet1 & nauseat+1 ,i suppose1 ! m common1 ?\gh ju/]1 =ms ( lit]>y composition1 h be5 = turn+ 8 v transgression ( ! pr9ciples ( common s5se1 into a /&+ precept = ! /age4 8,x is said1 t1 if com$y may be :olly s]i\s1 :y may n trag$y n[ & !n be indulg$ 9 be+ gay80 ,if ^! critics be 9 e>ne/ 9 putt+ ?is "q1 !y ne$ n wait long = an answ]4 ,! end ( com$y be+ to pa9t ! mann]s1 no?+ h9d]s 7z ,i h %ewn at l>ge 9 ! diss]tation on ! prov9ces ( ! drama7 b 8t x may take ei!r "* ( pleasant or s]i\s1 z x *ances1 or ev5 unite !m bo? 9 "o piece30 ,b ! end ( trag$y be+ to excite ! /rong] passions1 ?is discordancy 9 ! subject breaks ! fl[ ( ^? passions1 & s prev5ts1 or less5s at lea/1 ! v effect :i* ?is drama prim>ily int5ds4 8,x is said1 inde$1 t ?is contra/ ( grave & pleasant sc5es1 height5s ! passion30 if x _h be5 said t x height5s ! surprize1 ! obs]vation _h be5 m j4 ,la/ly1 8we are told1 t ?is is nature1 :i* g5]ally bl5ds toge!r ! ludicr\s1 & ! sublime40 ,b :o does n "k ,t art is nature to advantage dress'd2 & t to dress out nature to advantage 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 t is1 9 a composition ^: laws are to be d$uc$ f ! consid]ation ( its end1 ^! *>act]s are to be kept by an arti/1 p]fectly di/9ct8 ,h[ev] ?is re/ra9t ^u trag$y does n prove t1 ^u ! :ole1 x has plus on]is4 ,all ,i c all[1 is1 t ei!r drama has weight en\gh 9 all reason1 = ! able/ %\ld]s to su/a94 99 99 99 99 99 #agg4 ,,quem ,,tulit ,,ad ,,sc5am ,,v5toso ,,gloria ,,curru1 ,,exanimat ,,l5tus ,,spectator1 c4 to v4 #ahb4 ,!re is an exquisite _s ( pleasantry 9 ^! l9es1 :i* ha? q evaporat$ 9 ! h&s ( ! critics4 ,^! h gravely suppos$ !m to come f ! p]son ( ! poet1 & to conta9 8 s]i\s c5sure ( ! vanity ( poetic fame4 ,:]eas1 besides ! manife/ absurdity ( ! ?+1 its inconsi/5cy ) :at is deliv]$ else:]e on ?is subject ,a4 ,p4 v4 #cbd4 :]e ! ,greeks are comm5d$ z be+ praet] laudem nullius av>i1 absolutely requires u to und]/& !m z proce$+ f an objector2 :o1 z ! poet ha? v satirically contriv$1 is left to expose himself 9 ! v t]ms ( 8 objection4 ,he _h j be5 blam+ ! v5ality ( ! ,roman dramatic writ]s4 ,!y _h %ewn !mselves m sollicit\s ab\t fill+ _! pockets1 ?an des]v+ ! reputation ( good poets4 ,&1 in/ead ( insi/+ fur!r on ! excell5cy ( ?is latt] motive1 he /ops %ort1 & br+s 9 a bad poet himself to laugh at x4 8,& :at !n1 says he1 y w\ld h u yield ourselves to ! v w9d & gu/ ( praise2 &1 dropp+ all inf]ior consid]ations1 drive away to ! expect+ /age 9 ! puff$ c> ( va9-glory8 ,= :at8 ,to be dispirit$1 or bl[n up ) air1 z ! caprici\s spectator %all ?9k fit to en=ce1 or )hold1 8 inspirations4 ,& is ?is ! mighty b5efit ( y\r vaunt$ passion = fame8 ,no2 f>ewel ! /age1 if ! brea? ( o!rs is t1 on :i* ! silly b>d is to dep5d = ! contraction or enl>gem5t ( 8 dim5sions40 ,to all :i* conv9c+ rhetoric ! poet condesc5ds to say no?+2 z well kn[+1 t no tru] s]vice is1 (t5times1 done to virtue or good s5se1 ?an :5 a knave or fool is left to himself1 to employ 8 idle raill]y aga9/ ei!r4 ,^! int]locutory passages1 lay+ op5 ! s5tim5ts ( ^? aga9/ :om ! poet is disput+1 are v frequ5t 9 ! critical & moral writ+s ( ,horace1 & are well suit$ to _! dramatic g5ius & orig9al4 99 99 99 99 99 #baj4 ,,ille ,,p] ,,ext5tum ,,funem1 c4 ,! ,romans1 :o 7 immod]ately addict$ to spectacles ( e k9d1 _h 9 p>ticul> e/eem ! funambuli1 or rope-danc]s2 ,ita populus /udio /upidus 9 ,,funambulo ,animum occup>at4 ,,prol4 9 ,,hecyr4 ,f ! admiration ( ^: tricks ! expression1 ire p] ext5tum funem1 came to d5ote1 prov]bially1 an uncommon degree ( excell5ce & p]fection 9 any ?+4 ,! allusion is1 "h1 made ) mu* pleasantry1 z ! poet _h j be5 rally+ _! fondness = ^! extraord9>y at*ievem5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ibid4 ,,ille ,,p] ,,ext5tum ,,funem1 c4 to v4 #bad4 ,x is obs]vable1 t ,horace1 "h1 makes 8 own feel+ ! te/ ( poetical m]it4 ,:i* is said ) a philosophical exactness4 ,= ! pa?os 9 tragic1 hum\r 9 comic1 & ! same holds ( ! sublime 9 ! n>rative1 & ( e o!r species ( excell5ce 9 univ]sal poetry1 is ! object1 n ( reason1 b s5tim5t2 & c be e/imat$ only f its impression on ! m9d1 n by any speculative or g5]al rules4 ,rules !mselves are inde$ no?+ else b an appeal to exp]i5ce2 conclusions drawn f wide & g5]al obs]vation ( ! aptness & efficacy ( c]ta9 means to produce ^? impressions4 ,s t feel+ or s5tim5t itself is n only ! sure/1 b ! sole ultimate arbit] ( works ( g5ius4 ,yet1 ?\gh ?is be true1 ! inv5tion ( g5]al rules is n )\t its m]it1 nor ! application ( !m )\t its use1 z may appe> f ! foll[+ consid]ations4 ,x may be affirm$1 univ]sally1 ( all didactic writ+1 t x is employ$ 9 ref]r+ p>ticul> facts to g5]al pr9ciples4 ,g5]al pr9ciples !mselves c (t5 be ref]r$ to o!rs m g5]al2 & ^! aga9 c>ri$ /ill high]1 till we come to a s+le pr9ciple1 9 :i* all ! re/ are involv$4 ,:5 ?is is done1 sci5ce ( e k9d ha? atta9$ its highe/ p]fection4 ,! acc\nt1 "h giv51 might be illu/rat$ f v>i\s in/ances4 ,b x w be suffici5t to conf9e ourselves to ! s+le "o ( criticism2 by :i* ,i und]/& t species ( didactic writ+1 :i* ref]s to g5]al rules ! virtues & faults ( composition4 ,& ! p]fection ( ?is art w\ld consi/ 9 an ability to ref] e beauty & blemi% to a sep>ate class2 & e class1 by a gradual progression1 to "s "o s+le pr9ciple4 ,b ! art is1 z yet1 f> %ort ( p]fection4 ,= _m ( ^! beauties & blemi%es c be ref]r$ to no g5]al rule at all2 & ! rules1 :i* h be5 discov]$1 seem _m ( !m unconnect$1 & n r$ucible to a common pr9ciple4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ h[ev] t su* critics are employ$ 9 _! prop] (fice1 z contribute to ! confirmation ( rules already e/abli%$1 or ! inv5tion ( new ones4 ,rules already e/abli%$ are !n confirm$1 :5 m p>ticul>s are ref]r$ to !m4 ,! inv5tion ( new rules implies1 #a4 ,a collection ( v>i\s p>ticul>s1 n yet regulat$4 #b4 ,a discov]y ( ^? circum/ances ( resemblance or agreem5t1 :]eby !y become capable ( be+ regulat$4 ,& #c4 ,a subsequ5t regulation ( !m1 or arrangem5t into "o class accord+ to su* circum/ances ( agreem5t4 ,:5 ?is is done1 ! rule is complet$4 ,b if ! critic is n able to obs]ve any common circum/ance ( resemblance 9 ! sev]al p>ticul>s he ha? collect$1 by :i* !y may1 all ( !m1 be ref]r$ to "o g5]al class1 he ha? !n made no advancem5t 9 ! art ( criticism4 ,yet ! collection ( 8 p>ticul> obs]vations may be ( use to o!r critics2 j z collections ( natural hi/ory1 ?\gh no "p ( philosophy1 may yet assi/ philosophical inquir]s4 ,we see !n f ?is g5]al view ( ! matt]1 t ! m]it ( inv5t+ g5]al rules consi/s 9 r$uc+ criticism to an art2 & t ! use ( apply+ !m1 9 practice1 :5 ! art is ?us =m$1 is1 to direct ! caprices ( ta/e by ! au?ority ( rule1 :i* we call reason4 ,&1 ?us mu* be+ premis$1 we %all n[ be able to =m a prop] judgm5t ( ! me?od1 :i* "s ( ! mo/ admir$ ( ! anci5ts1 z well z mod]ns1 h tak5 9 ?is "w ( criticiz+4 ,! mo/ em95t1 at lea/ ! mo/ popul>1 are1 p]haps1 ,long9us1 ( ! ,greeks2 ,p4 ,b\h\rs1 ( ! ,fr5*2 & ,mr4 ,addison1 ) u 9 ,engl&4 #a4 ,all ! beautiful passages1 :i* ,,long9us cites1 are ref]r$ by him to five g5]al classes4 ,& #b;dly1 ,^! g5]al classes belong all to ! common pr9ciple ( sublimity4 ,he does n say ?is passage is excell5t1 b assigns ! k9d ( excell5ce1 viz4 sublimity4 ,nei!r does he cont5t himself ) ! g5]al notion ( sublimity1 b names ! species1 viz4 ,gr&eur ( s5tim5t1 p[] ( mov+ ! passions1 c4 ,8 "w !re=e enables u to class our p]ceptions ( excell5ce1 & consequ5tly is =m$ on ! true plan ( criticism4 #b4 ,! same may be obs]v$ ( ,p4 ,,b\h\rs4 ,! passages1 cit$ by him1 are nev] m5tion$ 9 g5]al t]ms z good or bad3 b are in/ances ( good or bad s5tim5t4 ,?is is ! g5us1 9 :i* all 8 in/ances are compreh5d$3 b ( ?is g5us he m>ks also ! di/9ct species4 ,he does n say1 ?is s5tim5t is good2 b x is sublime1 or natural1 or beautiful1 or delicate3 or1 t ano!r s5tim5t is bad2 b t x is mean1 or false1 or de=m$1 or affect$4 ,to ^! sev]al classes he ref]s 8 p>ticul> in/ances3 & ^! classes !mselves are ref]r$ to ! m compreh5sive pr9ciples ( ! excell5ce or fault ( s+le s5tim5t1 z oppos$ to ! v>i\s o!r excell5cies & faults1 :i* are obs]v$ 9 composition4 #c4 ,mr4 ,,addison1 9 8 criticism on ,milton1 proce$$ 9 l mann]4 ,=1 fir/1 ^! rem>ks are evid5tly applicable to ! g5]al obs]vations on ! poem2 9 :i* e ?+ is ref]r$ to ! common heads ( fable1 morals1 s5tim5ts1 & language2 & ev5 ! specific excell5cies & faults consid]$ "u ea* head di/9ctly m>k$ out4 ,secondly1 ,! same is true conc]n+ _m ( ! obs]vations on p>ticul> passages4 ,! read] is n only told1 t a passage has m]it2 b is in=m$ :at sort ( m]it belongs to x4 ,nei!r are ! rema9+ obs]vations :olly )\t use4 ,= su* p>ticul> beauties & blemi%es1 z are b>ely collect$1 may yet s]ve z a f\ndation to future inquir]s = mak+ fur!r discov]ies4 ,!y may be consid]$ z s _m s+le facts1 an att5tion to :i* is excit$ by ! au?ority ( ! critic2 & :5 ^! are consid]$ jo9tly ) su* z o!rs may h obs]v$1 ^? g5]al pr9ciples ( similitude may at l5g? be f\nd1 :i* %all enable u to con/itute new classes ( poetical m]it or blame4 ,?us f> ! c&id read] may g 9 apologiz+ = ! m]its ( ^! writ]s4 ,b1 z1 9 s\nd criticism1 c&\r mu/ n be indulg$ at ! exp5ce ( ju/ice1 ,i ?9k myself oblig$ to add an obs]vation conc]n+ _! defects2 & t1 on :at ,i mu/ ?9k ! j pr9ciples "h deliv]$4 ,?\gh ! me?od1 tak5 by ^! writ]s1 be sci5tifical1 ! real s]vice !y h done to criticism1 is n v consid]able4 ,& ! reason is1 !y dwell too mu* 9 g5]als3 t is1 n only ! g5us to :i* !y ref] _! species is too l>ge1 b ^? v subord9ate species !mselves are too compreh5sive4 ,( ! ?ree critics1 "u consid]ation1 ! mo/ in/ructive is1 unque/ionably1 ,long9us4 ,! g5us itself1 "u :i* he ranks 8 sev]al classes1 is z p>ticul> z ! species ( ! o!r two4 ,yet ev5 8 classes are mu* too g5]al to convey my v di/9ct & useful in=mation4 ,x _h be5 /ill bett]1 if ?is f9e critic _h desc5d$ to l[] & m m9ute p>ticul>ities1 z subord9ate to ea* class4 ,= to obs]ve ( any s5tim5t1 t x is gr&1 or pa!tic1 & s ( ! o!r species1 ( sublime1 is say+ v little4 ,few read]s want to be in=m$ ( ?is4 ,x _h be5 suffici5t1 if any notice 0 to be tak5 at all ( s g5]al beauties1 to h done x 9 ! way1 :i* "s ( ! be/ critics h tak51 ( m]ely po9t+ to !m4 ,b c\ld he h discov]$ & produc$ to obs]vation ^? peculi> qualities 9 s5tim5t1 :i* occasion ! impression ( gr&eur1 pa?os1 c4 ?is _h be5 advanc+ ! sci5ce ( criticism v mu*1 z t5d+ to lay op5 ! m secret & hidd5 spr+s ( t pleasure1 :i* results f poetical composition4 ,p4 ,b\h\rs1 z ,i obs]v$1 is /ill m faulty4 ,8 v species are s l>ge1 z make 8 criticism almo/ :olly useless & insignificant4 ,x gives "o pa9 to refuse to su* a writ] z ,mr4 ,addison any k9d ( m]it1 :i* he appe>s to h valu$ himself ^u1 & :i* ! g5]ality ( 8 read]s h seem$ will+ to all[ him4 ,yet x mu/ n be dissembl$1 t criticism 0 by no means 8 tal5t4 ,8 ta/e 0 truly elegant2 b he _h nei!r t vig\r ( und]/&+1 nor *a/is$1 philosophical _s1 :i* are s ess5tial to ?is "*1 & :i* we f9d 9 h>dly any ( ! anci5ts besides ,ari/otle1 & b 9 a v few ( ! mod]ns4 ,= :at conc]ns 8 criticism on ,milton 9 p>ticul>1 !re 0 ?is accid5tal b5efit aris+ f x1 t x occasion$ an admirable poet to be read1 & 8 excell5cies to be obs]v$4 ,b = ! m]it ( ! "w itself1 if !re be any ?+ j 9 ! plan1 x 01 because ,ari/otle & ,bossu _h tak5 ! same r\te be=e him4 ,& z to 8 own prop] obs]vations1 !y are = ! mo/ "p1 s g5]al & indet]m9ate1 z to af=d b little in/ruction to ! read]1 & are1 n unfrequ5tly1 altoge!r frivol\s4 ,!y are ( a k9d ) ^?1 9 :i* ! ,fr5* critics 7= ,i _h r in/ance 9 ! defects ( =eign writ]s ?an ( our own7 s mu* ab\nd2 & :i* good judges agree to rank 9 ! wor/ sort ( criticism4 ,to give "o example = all4 ,c>d9al ,,p]ron1 tak+ occasion to comm5d c]ta9 pieces ( ! poet ,,rons>d1 *uses to deliv] himself 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 8,pr5ez de lui quelque pome que ce soit1 il paye t\j\rs son lecteur1 et qu& la v]ve le pr5d1 il se gu9de en haut1 il v\s porte jusques dans les nus1 il v\s fait voir mille belles *oses4 8,que ses saisons sont bi5-faites6 ,que la description de la lyre a ,b]taut e/ admirable6 ,que le disc\rs au m9i/re1 excell5t6 ,t\s ses hymnes sont beaux4 ,celui de l'et]nit e/ admirable2 ceux des saisons m>veilleux40 ,p]roniana4 ,:at n[ has ! read] le>n$ f ?is v>i$ criticism1 b t 8 ,em95ce 0 inde$ v fond ( 8 poet2 & t he e/eem$ ^! sev]al pieces to be 7:at ) less exp5ce ( words he might1 9 "o brea?1 h call$ !m7 well-turn$1 beautiful1 excell5t1 admirable1 m>vell\s1 poems8 ,to h giv5 u ! true "* ( ea*1 & to h m>k$ ! precise degree1 z well z k9d1 ( m]it 9 ^! works1 _h be5 a task ( ano!r nature4 99 99 99 99 99 #baa4--,,qui ,,pectus ,,inanit] ,,angit1 ,! ^w inanit] z well z falsi1 appli$ 9 ! foll[+ l9e to t]rores1 w\ld express t wondr\s =ce ( dramatic repres5tation1 :i* compels u to take "p 9 feign$ adv5tures & situations1 z if !y 7 real2 & ex]cises ! passions ) ! same viol5ce1 9 remote fanci$ sc5es1 z 9 ! pres5t di/resses ( real life4 ,& ?is is t sov]eign quality 9 poetry1 :i*1 z an old writ] ( our own naturally expresses x1 is ( =ce to hold *ildr5 f play1 & old m5 f ! *imney corn]#eb4 ,! poet1 9 ! place be=e u1 consid]s x z a k9d ( magic virtue1 :i* transports ! spectator into all places1 & makes him1 occasionally1 assume all p]sons4 ,! resemblance holds1 also1 9 ?is1 t its effects are in/antane\s & irresi/ible4 ,rules1 art1 decorum1 all fall be=e x4 ,x goes directly to ! he>t1 & ga9s all purposes at once4 ,h5ce x is1 t1 speak+ ( a real g5ius1 possess$ ( ?is comm&+ p[]1 ,horace pron\nces him1 emphatically1 ,,! ,,poet1 ,ille p] ext5tum funem mihi posse videtur ,ire ,,poeta3 x be+ m especially ?is prop]ty1 :i*1 ( itself1 discov]s ! true dramati/1 & secures ! success ( 8 p]=mance1 n only )\t ! assi/ance ( art1 b 9 direct opposition to its cle>e/ dictates4 ,?is p[] has be5 felt on a ?\s& o!r occasions4 ,b its triumphs 7 nev] m conspicu\s1 ?an 9 ! fam\s in/ance ( ! ,,cid ( ,p4 ,corneille2 :i*1 by ! sole means ( ?is en*ant+ quality1 drew along ) x ! affections & applauses ( a :ole p3 not)/&+ ! manife/ transgression ( "s ess5tial rules1 ! utmo/ tyranny ( jeal\s p[]1 &1 :at is m1 9 defiance ( all ! au?ority & good s5se ( "o ( ! ju/e/ pieces ( criticism 9 ! ,fr5* language1 writt5 purposely to discr$it & expose x4 99 99 99 99 99 #bbd4 ,,cum ,,lam5tamur ,,non ,,adp>]e ,,labores ,,no/ros1 c4 ,x 0 rem>k$ ^u v]se #baa1 t ! beauties ( a poem c only appe> by be+ felt4 ,& !y1 to :om !y d n appe> 9 ?is in/ance1 are ! writ]'s own fri5ds1 :o1 x is n to be suppos$1 w\ld disguise _! feel+s4 ,s t ! lam5tation1 "h spok5 (1 is at once a pro( ( imp]t95ce 9 ! poet1 & ( ! badness ( 8 poetry1 :i* sets ! compla9ant 9 a v ridicul\s light4 99 99 99 99 99 #bbh4 ,,eg]e ,,vetes4 ,! poet int5d$1 9 ^! words1 a v j satire on ^? presum+ wits & s*ol>s1 :o1 "u ! pret5ce ( gett+ above di/ressful want1 9 reality aspire to public hon\rs & pref]m5ts2 ?\gh ?is be ! mo/ inexcusable ( all follies 7to give x ! s(te/ "n71 :i* c infe/ a man ( lett]s3 ,bo?1 because exp]i5ce1 on :i* a wise man w\ld *use to regulate himself1 is contr>y to ^! hopes2 &1 because if lit]>y m]it c\ld succe$ 9 !m1 ! ,rew>d1 z ! poet speaks1 w\ld ei!r br+ ,no joy1 or be de/ructive ( ! ?+3 ,t is1 ! le>n$ w\ld ei!r h no reli% = ! delights ( s widely diff]5t a situation2 or1 :i* ha? (t5] be5 ! case1 w\ld lose ! le>n+ itself1 or ! love ( x at lea/1 on :i* _! pret5sions to ?is rew>d are f\nd$4 99 99 99 99 99 #bcb4 ,,gratus ,,alex&ro ,,regi ,,magno c4 ,?is praise ( ,augu/us1 aris+ f ! comp>ison ( 8 "* ) t ( ,alex&]1 is extremely f9e4 ,x _h be5 obs]v$ ( ! ,mac$onian by 8 hi/orians & panegyri/s1 t1 to ! /]n virtues ( ! conqu]or1 he _h jo9$ ! s(t] accompli%m5ts ( ! virtuoso1 9 a j disc]nm5t & love ( poetry1 & ( ! elegant arts4 ,! "o 0 ?\ght cle> f 8 admiration & /udy ( ,hom]3 ,& ! o!r1 f 8 fam\s edict conc]n+ ,apelles & ,lysippus1 c\ld n be d5i$4 ,horace f9ds means to turn bo? ^! circum/ances 9 8 /ory to ! advantage ( 8 pr9ce4 ,f 8 extravagant pay ( su* a wret*$ v]sifi]1 z ,*o]ilus1 he w\ld ins9uate1 t ,alex&]'s love ( ! muse 01 9 fact1 b a bl9d un9tellig5t impulse t[>ds glory4 ,& f 8 great] skill 9 ! arts ( sculpture & pa9t+1 ?an ( v]se1 he repres5ts him z m conc]n$ ab\t ! draw+ ( 8 figure1 ?an ! p\rtraiture ( 8 mann]s & m9d4 ,:]eas ,augu/us1 by 8 lib]alities to ,v>ius & ,virgil1 _h discov]$ ! true/ ta/e 9 ! art1 f :i* he expect$ immortality3 &1 9 tru/+ to t1 z ! *ief in/rum5t ( 8 fame1 _h confess$ a prior reg>d to ^? m5tal virtues1 :i* are ! real ornam5t ( humanity1 be=e t look ( t]ror1 & air & attitude ( victory1 9 :i* ! brute viol5ce ( ,alex&] mo/ delight$ to be %ewn4 99 99 99 99 99 #bdc4 ,,mus>um ,,dona ,! expression is happy2 z imply+1 t ^! images ( virtue1 :i* are repres5t$ z ( su* importance to ! glory ( pr9ces1 are n ! m]e (f]+s ( poetry to greatness1 b ! free-gifts ( ! muse to ! poet4 ,= x is only to su* works1 z ^!1 t ,horace attributes ! wondr\s efficacy ( express+ ! mann]s & m9d 9 full] & m durable relief1 ?an sculpture gives to ! ext]ior figure4 ,non magis expressi vultus p] anea signa1 ,quam p] vatis opus mores animique virorum ,cl>orum adp>5t4 99 99 99 99 99 #bdg4--,,virgilius4 ,virgil is m5tion$1 9 ?is place1 simply z a ,poet4 ,! precise idea ( 8 poetry is giv5 u else:]e4 molle atque facetum ,virgilio annu]unt gaud5tes rure ,camo5ae4 #a ,sat4 x4 #dd4 ,b ?is may appe> a /range praise ( ! sweet & poli%$ ,virgil4 ,x appe>$ s to ,qu9ctilian1 :o cites ?is passage1 & expla9s x1 )\t d\bt1 v ju/ly1 yet 9 su* a way z %ews t he 0 n q c]ta9 ( ! tru? ( 8 explanation4 ,! case1 ,i believe1 0 ?is4 ,! ^w facetum1 :i* makes ! difficulty1 _h acquir$1 9 ,qu9ctilian's days1 ! s5se ( pleasant1 witty1 or faceti\s1 9 exclusion to e o!r idea1 :i* _h =m]ly belong$ to x4 ,x is true t1 9 ! ,augu/an age1 & /ill e>li]1 facetum 0 sometimes us$ 9 ?is s5se4 ,b its prop] & orig9al mean+ 0 no m ?an exact1 factitatum1 b5 factum4 ,& 9 ?is /rict s5se1 ,i believe1 x is always us$ by ,horace4 ,mal?9us tunicis demissis ambulat3 e/ qui ,+u5 ad obsco5um subductis usque facetus4 #a ,s4 ii4 #be4 i4 e4 tuck$ up1 trim1 exp$ite4 ,mutatis tantm p$ibus num]isque facetus4 #a ,s4 iv4 #g4 i4 e4 he ,lucilius adopt$ a /rict] measure1 ?an ! writ]s ( ! old com$y2 or1 by *ang+ ! loose iambic to ! ,hexamet] v]se1 he gave a pro( ( 8 art1 skill1 & improv$ judgm5t4 frat]1 pat]1 adde2 ,ut cuique e/ aetas1 ita quemque facetus adopta4 #a4 ,ep4 vi4 #ee4 i4 e4 nicely & accurately adapt y\r address to ! age & condition ( ea*4 ,i d n recollect any o!r place :]e facetus is us$ by ,horace2 & 9 all ^! x seems probable to me t ! pr9cipal idea1 convey$ by x1 is t ( c>e1 art1 skill1 only diff]5tly modifi$ accord+ to ! subject to :i* x is appli$3 a g[n tuck$ up ) c>e--a measure /udi\sly affect$--an address nicely accommodat$--,no ?\ght ( ridicule or pleasantry int5d$4 ,x is ! same 9 ! pres5t in/ance-- ,,molle ,,atque ,,facetum i4 e4 a s(t fl[+ v]sification1 & an exquisitely f9i%$ expression3 ! two precise1 *>act]i/ic m]its ( ,virgil's rural poetry4 ,?is *ange1 9 ! s5se ( words1 is common 9 all languages1 & creeps 9 s gradually & imp]ceptibly z to elude ! notice1 sometimes1 ( ! be/ critics1 ev5 9 _! own language4 ,! transition ( ideas1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 may be trac$ ?us4 ,z :at 0 wittily said1 0 mo/ /udi$1 artificial1 & exquisite1 h5ce 9 process ( "t facetum lo/ its prim>y s5se1 & came to signify m]ely1 witty4 ,we h a l example 9 our own language4 ,a good wit meant =m]ly a man ( good natural s5se & und]/&+3 b because :at we n[ call wit 0 obs]v$ to be ! fl[] & qu9tess5ce1 z x 71 ( good s5se1 h5ce a man ( wit is n[ ! exclusive attribute ( "o :o ex]ts 8 good s5se 9 t peculi> mann]4 99 99 99 99 99 #bdg4 ,,dilecti ,,tibi ,,virgilius c4 ,x does hon\r to ! memory ( ,augu/us1 t he bore ! affection1 "h spok5 (1 to ?is amiable poet2 :o 0 n m di/+ui%$ f 8 contempor>y writ]s by ! =ce ( an orig9al1 inv5tive g5ius1 ?an ! s+ul> b5evol5ce & humanity ( 8 "*4 ,yet !re h be5 critics ( s p]v]se a turn1 z to discov] an incl9ation1 at lea/1 ( disput+ bo?4 #a4 ,"s h tak5 (f5ce at 8 suppos$ unfri5dly neglect ( ,horace1 :o1 on e occasion1 %ew$ himself s ready to lavi% all 8 praises on him4 ,b ! folly ( ?is sl&] is ( a piece ) its malignity1 z proce$+ on ! absurd fancy1 t ,virgil's fri5ds might z easily h slid into su* works1 z ! ,georgics & ,enes1 z ^? ( ,horace into ! v>i\s occasional poems1 :i* employ$ 8 p54 ,j su* ano!r s5seless suspicion ha? be5 rais$ ( 8 jeal\sy ( ,hom]'s sup]ior glory 7a vice1 f :i* ! nature ( ! great poet 0 s+ul>ly abhorr5t71 only1 because he did n ?9k fit to give him ! fir/ place among ! poets 9 ,elysium1 sev]al hundr$ ye>s be=e he _h s mu* z made 8 appe>ance ^u e>?4 ,b ^! petty calumnies ( 8 moral "* h>dly des]ve a confutation4 ,:at "s great] au?orities h object$ to 8 poetical1 may be ?\ght m s]i\s4 ,=1 #b4 ,x has be5 giv5 out by "s ( bett] note among ! mod]ns1 & f !nce1 accord+ to ! cu/om>y influ5ce ( au?ority1 ha? become ! prevail+ s5tim5t ( ! g5]ality ( ! le>n$1 t ! great poet 0 m indebt$ = 8 fame to ! exactness ( 8 judgm5t2 to 8 indu/ry1 & a c]ta9 trick ( imitation1 ?an to ! en]gy ( natural g5ius2 :i* he is ?\ght to h possess$ 9 a v sl5d] degree4 ,?is *>ge is f\nd$ on ! similitude1 :i* all ackn[l$ge1 betwixt 8 great "w1 ! ,a5eis1 & ! poems ( ,hom]4 ,b1 8h[ f> su* similitude inf]s imitation2 or1 h[ f> imitation itself inf]s an inf]iority ( natural g5ius 9 ! imitator10 ?is ha? nev] be5 consid]$4 ,9 %ort ! affair ( imitation 9 poetry1 ?\gh "o ( ! mo/ curi\s & int]e/+ 9 all criticism1 ha? be51 hi!rto1 v little und]/ood3 z may appe> f h5ce1 t !re is n1 z f> z ,i c le>n1 "o s+le treatise1 n[ extant1 writt5 purposely to expla9 x2 ! disc\rse1 :i* ! le>n$ ,m5age int5d$1 & :i*1 d\btless1 w\ld h giv5 light to ?is matt]1 hav+ nev]1 z ,i "k (1 be5 made public4 ,to supply1 9 "s measure1 ?is loss1 ,i h ?\ght x n amiss to put toge!r & me?odize a few reflexions ( my own on ?is subject1 :i* 7because ! matt] is l>ge1 & _c easily be drawn into a compass1 t suits ) ! nature ( ^! occasional rem>ks7 ! read] w f9d 9 a di/9ct & sep>ate diss]tation ^u x#ec4 ,,conclusion4 ,,&1 n[1 hav+ expla9$1 9 ! be/ mann] ,i c\ld1 ! two fam\s ,epi/les ( ,horace to ,augu/us & ! ,pisos1 x may be expect$1 9 conclusion1 t ,i %\ld say some?+ ( ! re/ ( our poet's critical writ+s4 ,= 8 ,s]mones 7"u :i* g5]al t]m ,i include 8 ,epi/les7 are ( two sorts1 ,,moral & ,,critical2 &1 ?\gh bo? are exquisite1 ! latt] are p]haps1 9 _! k9d1 ! m p]fect ( ! two2 8 moral pr9ciples be+ sometimes1 ,i believe1 liable to exception1 8 critical1 nev]4 ,! two pieces1 illu/rat$ 9 ^! volumes1 are /rictly critical3 ! fir/1 be+ a pr(ess$ criticism ( ! ,roman drama2 & ! la/1 9 ord] to _! v9dication1 ( ! ,roman poets4 ,! re/ ( 8 works1 :i* turn ^u ?is subject ( criticism1 may be r t]m$ ,apologetical4 ,!y are ! ,,iv? & ,x? ( ! ,,fir/1 & ,i/ ( ! ,,second book ( ,satires2 & ! ,,xix? ( ! ,,fir/1 &1 9 "p1 ! ,,iid ( ! ,,second book ( ,epi/les4 ,9 ^!1 ! poet has ,,?ree great objects2 "o or o!r ( :i* he nev] loses sight (1 & g5]ally he prosecutes !m all toge!r1 9 ! same piece4 ,^! objects are1 #a4 to v9dicate ! way ( writ+ 9 satire4 #b4 ,to ju/ify 8 op9ion ( a fav\rite writ] ( ?is class1 ! celebrat$ ,lucilius4 ,& #c4 to expose ! c>eless & incorrect composition ( ! ,roman writ]s4 ,he 0 himself deeply conc]n$ 9 ^! ?ree articles2 s t he makes 8 own apology at ! same "t t he criticizes or c5sures o!rs4 ,! address ( ! poet's mann] w be se5 by be>+ 9 m9d ?is g5]al purpose ( 8 critical poetry4 ,h[ he came to be engag$ 9 ?is controv]sy1 w be/ appe> f a few obs]vations on ! /ate ( ! ,roman le>n+1 :5 he und]took to contribute 8 pa9s to ! improvem5t ( x4 ,i h1 9 ! introduction to ! fir/ ( ^! volumes1 giv5 a slight sket* ( ! rise & progress ( ! ,roman satire4 ,?is poem1 0 purely ( ,roman inv5tion3 fir/ ( all1 /ruck out ( ! old fesc5n9e f>ce1 & rudely cultivat$1 by ,ennius3 ,next1 m happily treat$1 & enri*$ ) ! be/ "p ( ! old com$y1 by ,lucilius3 ,&1 aft] "s succe$+ essays1 tak5 up & f9ally adorn$1 by ,horace4 ,,horace 0 well kn[n to ! public by 8 lyric compositions1 & /ill m p]haps by 8 fav\r at c\rt1 :5 he took ^u him to correct ! mann]s & ta/e ( 8 age1 by 8 ,lucilian ,satires4 ,b1 "h1 he enc\nt]$1 at once1 _m prejudices2 & all 8 own cr$it1 toge!r ) t ( 8 c\rt-fri5ds1 0 little en\gh to support him1 aga9/ ! torr5t4 ,,fir/1 ! k9d ( writ+ itself 0 sure to give (f5ce4 ,=1 ?\gh m5 7 well en\gh pleas$ to h _! natural malignity gratifi$ by an old poet's satire aga9/ a =m] age1 yet !y 7 naturally al>m$ at ! ex]cise ( ?is tal5t ^u _! own1 &1 z x might *ance1 ^u !mselves4 ,! poet's em95ce1 & fav\r1 w\ld1 besides1 give a peculi> =ce & effect to 8 c5sures1 s t all :o f\nd1 or ?\ght !mselves liable to !m1 7 conc]n$1 9 int]e/1 to discr$it ! attempt1 & bla/ 8 ris+ reputation4 ,omnes hi metuunt v]sus1 od]e ,,poetam4 ,h5ce1 he 0 con/ra9$ to /& ^u 8 own def5ce1 & to v9dicate1 z well ! ?+ itself1 z 8 managem5t ( x1 to ! t5d] & suspici\s public4 ,b ?is 0 n all3 ,=1 ,,secondly1 an old satiri/1 ( high bir? & quality1 ,,lucilius1 0 consid]$1 n only z an able writ] ( ?is class1 b z a p]fect model 9 x2 & ( c\rse1 !re=e1 ?is new satiri/ w\ld be mu* decri$ & und]valu$1 on ! comp>ison4 ,?is circum/ance oblig$ ! poet to r$uce ?is admir$ writ] to 8 real value2 :i* c\ld n be done )\t ?w>t+ ! g5]al admiration1 & po9t+ out 8 vices & defects 9 ! free/ mann]4 ,?is p]il\s task he dis*>g$ 9 ! ,,iv? satire ( 8 fir/ book1 & ) su* rig\r ( criticism1 t n only ! p>tizans ( ,lucilius1 9 ! poet's own age1 b ! mo/ kn[+ & c&id critics ( succe$+ times1 7 dispos$ to compla9 ( x4 ,h[ev]1 ! obnoxi\s /ep _h be5 tak52 & no?+ rema9$ b to ju/ify himself1 z he ha? done at l>ge1 9 8 ,x? satire4 ,on ! :ole1 9 comp>+ :at he has said 9 ^! two satires ) :at ,qu9ctilian long aft] obs]v$ on ! subject ( !m1 !re seems no reason to conclude1 t ! poet judg$ ill2 ?\gh he express$ 8 judgm5t 9 su* t]ms z he w\ld1 no d\bt1 h some?+ s(t5$ 7out ( complaisance to ! g5]al s5tim5t1 & a becom+ def]5ce to ! real m]its ( 8 ma/]71 if 8 adv]s>ies _h be5 m mod]ate 9 urg+ _! *>ge1 or if ! occasion _h n be5 s press+4 ,la/ly1 ?is attack on ,lucilius produc$1 or r involv$ 9 x1 a ,,?ird qu>rel4 ,! poet's ma9 objection to ,lucilius 0 8 c>eless1 v]bose1 & ha/y composition1 :i* 8 admir]s1 no d\bt1 call$ g5ius1 grace1 & /r5g?4 ,?is be+ an invet]ate folly among 8 c\ntrym51 he gives x no qu>t]4 ,?r\gh all 8 critical works1 he employs ! utmo/ =ce ( 8 wit & good s5se to expose x3 ,& 8 own writ+s1 be+ at ! same "t supremely correct1 af=d$ 8 enemies 7:i* w\ld provoke !m /ill m7 no advantage aga9/ him4 ,yet !y attempt$1 z !y c\ld1 to repay 8 p]petual reproa*es on ! popul> writ]s = _! neglect ( limae labor1 by object+ to him1 9 _! turn1 t :at he wrote 0 s9e n]vis3 & ?is1 ?\gh !y felt 8 =ce !mselves1 & ?\gh ano!r set ( m5 7 compla9+1 at ! same "t1 ( 8 sev]ity4 ,sunt quibus 9 satyr videor nimis ,,ac]-- ,,s9e ,,n]vis alt]a quicquid ,composui p>s esse putat1 similesque meorum ,mille die v]sus d$uci posse-- ,8 detractors satirically allud+1 9 ^! la/ words1 to 8 *>ge aga9/ ,lucilius-- 9 hor saep duc5tos1 ,ut magnum1 v]sus dictabat1 /ans p$e 9 uno4 ,x is n my purpose1 9 ?is place1 to enl>ge fur!r on ! "* ( ,lucilius1 ^: wordy satires gave occasion to our poet's criticism4 ,sev]al ( ! anci5t writ]s speak ( him occasionally1 9 t]ms ( ! highe/ applause2 & )\t d\bt1 he 0 a poet ( di/+ui%$ m]it4 ,yet x w h>dly be ?\ght1 at ?is day1 t x c\ld be any discr$it to him to be c5sur$1 rivall$1 & excell$ by ,horace4 ,:at ,i h "h put toge!r is only to furni% ! "y read] ) ! prop] ,,key to ,horace's critical works1 :i* g5]ally turn on 8 own v9dication1 aga9/ ! enemies ( satire--! admir]s ( ,lucilius--& ! patrons ( loose & incorrect composition4 ,9 manag+ ^! sev]al topics1 he has f\nd means to introduce a great deal ( exquisite criticism4 ,& ?\gh 8 scatt]$ obs]vations g b a little way t[>ds mak+ up a complete critical sy/em1 yet !y are s lum9\s1 z ! ,fr5* speak1 t is1 !y are s replete ) good s5se1 & ext5d s mu* fur!r ?an to ! case to :i* !y are imm$iately appli$1 t !y furni% _m ( ! pr9ciples on :i* su* a sy/em1 if ev] x be tak5 9 h&1 mu/ be con/ruct$3 ,&1 )\t c>ry+ matt]s too f>1 we may safely affirm ( ^! ,critical ,disc\rses1 t1 next to ,ari/otle's immortal "w1 !y are ! mo/ valuable rema9s ( anci5t art ^u ?is subject4 ,! ,end ( ! ,notes on ! ,epi/le to ,,augu/us4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,volume4 ,j4 ,ni*ols & ,son1 ,pr9t]s1 ,r$ ,lion ,passage1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,a ,cross ) ! initials on a label--,i4 ,n4 ,r4 ,i4 a ,glory above1 & ! motto bel[ 4 #b 8,we1 ! ,bi%op & ,dean & ,*apt] & ,cl]gy ( ! ,*ur* & ,diocese ( ,worce/]1 humbly beg leave to pres5t our dutiful respects to y\r ,maje/y1 & to express ! joy we feel on y\r ,maje/y's arrival at ?is place4 8,y\r pres5ce1 ,sir1 gladd5s ! he>ts ( y\r fai?ful subjects1 :]ev] y g4 ,b ,we1 ! ,cl]gy ( ?is place1 h a peculi> cause to rejoice 9 ! hon\r v\*saf$ u at ?is "t2 a "t1 devot$ to an excell5t *>ity = ! relief ( a mo/ des]v+1 ?\gh un=tunate "p ( our ,ord]4 ,?is graci\s notice & c\nt5ance ( u at su* a mom5t1 %ews1 z y\r :ole life has inv>iably done1 y\r zeal\s conc]n = ! int]e/s ( ,religion1 & ! cr$it ( its ,m9i/]s4 ,& we tru/1 ,sir1 t we ent]ta9 a due s5se ( ?is goodness2 & t we %all nev] be want+ 9 ! mo/ dutiful atta*m5t to y\r ,maje/y's sacr$ p]son1 to y\r augu/ h\se1 & to y\r mild & b5efic5t gov]nm5t4 8,9 our daily celebration ( ! sacr$ (fices1 committ$ to our *>ge1 we make x our f]v5t pray] to ,almighty ,god1 t ,he w be pleas$ to take y\r ,maje/y into 8 special protection2 & t y\r ,maje/y may live long1 v long1 9 heal? & hon\r1 to be ! bless+ & ! delight ( all y\r p40 ,! above is ! sub/ance1 & ,i believe ! words1 ( my address to ! ,k+ at ,worce/]1 #f? ,augu/ #aghh4 ,to ?is address 8 ,maje/y 0 pleas$ to return an answ]1 v graci\s1 p]sonally1 to ! ,bi%op himself1 & expressive ( ! highe/ reg>d = ! ,cl]gy ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ,r4 ,w4 #c ,edw>d ,foley1 ,esq4 ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t = ! ,c\nty1 & ,william ,lang=d1 ,d4 ,d4 late ,preb5d>y ( ,worce/]4 #d ,! ,rev]5d ,mr4 ,,budwor?1 ,head-,ma/] ( ! ,gramm> ,s*ool at ,,brewood1 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,he di$ 9 #agde4 #e ,satyra hc e/ 9 sui sculi poetas1 ,,pr,,cipue v]o 9 ,romanum drama4 ,baxt]4 #f ,prf4 9 ,,lib4 ,,poet4 et l4 vi4 p4 #cch4 #g ,mrorem m9ui1 says ,tully1 griev+ = ! loss ( 8 daught]1 dolorem nec potui1 nec1 si possem1 ,,vellem4 ,ep4 ad ,att4 xii4 #bh4 ,a /rik+ picture ( real grief6 #h ,vel tibi composita cantetur ,,epi/ola voce2 ,,ignotum ,,hoc ,,aliis ,,ille ,,novavit ,,opus4 ,,art4 ,,amat4 l4 iii4 v4 #cde4 #i ,j4 ,scalig] says1 ,epi/olas1 ,grcorum m1 ,phocylid atque ,!ognidis ,horatius scripsit3 prceptis philosophi divulsis m9imeque int] se cohr5tibus4 ,& ( ?is ,epi/le1 9 p>ticul>1 he presumes to say1 ,de ,arte qures quid s5tiam4 ,quid8 ,equidem quod de ,arte s9e arte tradit4 ,& to ! same purpose ano!r great ,critic2 ,non solum antiquorum 9 moralibus hoc habu]e1 ut non s]v>5t1 s$ etiam alia de quibuscunque rebus prcepta4 ,sic ,epi/ola ,horatii ad ,pisones de ,potic p]petuum ord9em s]iemque ,,nullam habet2 s$ ab uno prcepto ad aliud transilit1 quamvis ,,nulla sit mat]i aff9itas ad s5sum connect5dum4 ,salmasii ,n4 9 ,epictetum et ,simplicium1 p4 #ac4 ,lugd4 ,bat4 #afdj4 #aj ,see ,victor4 ,comm4 9 ,dem4 ,phal]4 p4 #gc4 ,flor5t4 #aeid4 #aa ,! read] may see a f9e spee* 9 ! ,cyropdia ( ,x5ophon l4 iv4 :]e n s mu* z ?is is obs]v$4 #ab ,see ,rob]t ,/eph5s's ,fragm4 ,vet4 ,lat9orum4 #ac ,sir ,philip ,sidney4 #ad ,quel avantage ne peut il le pote pas tir] d'une tr\pe d'acteurs1 qui rempliss5t sa sc5e1 qui r5d5t plus s5sible la cont9uit de l'action1 et qui la font p>oitre ,,vraisemblable1 puisqu'il n'e/ pas naturel qu'elle se passe sans temo9s4 ,on ne s5t que trop le vuide de notre ,?atre sans *urs1 c4 ,le ,?atre des ,grecs1 vol4 i4 p4 #aje4 #ae ,see also to ! same purpose ,p4 ,corneille's ,exam4 sur la ,m$e4 ,if ! objection1 made by ^! critics1 to ! "p ( ! *orus1 be1 ! improbability1 z 0 expla9$ at l>ge 9 ! prec$+ note1 ( a slave's tak+ ! side ( virtue aga9/ ! pleasure ( 8 tyrant1 ! manife/ diff]5ce ( ! two cases w %ew x to be )\t ! lea/ f\ndation4 ,= #a4 ! *orus 9 ! ,m$ea consi/s ( wom51 :om compassion & a secret jeal\sy & indignation at s flagrant an in/ance ( ! violat$ fai? ( m>riage1 atta*1 by ! mo/ natural connexion ( int]e/s1 to ! cause & p]son ( ! injur$ que54 ,9 ! ,antigone1 x is compos$ ( old c\rti]s1 devot$1 by an habitude ( slav]y1 to ! w ( a ma/]1 assembl$1 by 8 express appo9tm5t1 z creatures ( 8 tyranny1 &1 prompt$1 by no /rong movem5ts ( self-love1 to take "p aga9/ him4 #b4 ,9 ! ,antigone1 ! "p ( ,creon is pr9cipal4 ,e /ep1 9 ! progress ( ! play1 dep5ds s imm$iately ^u him1 t he is almo/ con/antly ^u ! /age4 ,no reflexions c\ld !re=e be made by ! *orus1 nor any "p aga9/ him be und]tak51 b directly 9 8 pres5ce1 & at _! own manife/ haz>d4 ,! v rev]se ( ?is is ! case 9 ! ,m$ea4 ,creon is !re b a subalt]n p]son--has a v small "p assign$ him 9 ! conduct ( ! play--is1 9 fact1 introduc$ ^u ! /age b 9 "o s+le sc5e4 ,! diff]5t situation ( ! *orus1 result+ f h5ce1 gives occasion = ! wide/ diff]5ce 9 _! conduct4 ,!y may speak _! res5tm5ts freely4 ,unaw$ by ! fr[ns & m5aces ( _! tyrant1 !y are left at lib]ty to foll[ ! sugge/ions ( virtue4 ,no?+ "h (f5ds aga9/ ! law ( probability1 or1 9 ! lea/1 contradicts ! reason+ ab\t ! *orus 9 ! ,antigone4 #af ,see note on v4 #abg4 #ag ,= h] own sake1 z is plead$1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ! laws1 ' 1 1 ' 4 v4 #hab4 :i* %ews1 t ! o!r murd]s 7 n aga9/ ! _s ( ! laws1 :atev] became ( ! lett] ( !m4 #ah ,p4 ,brumoy1 ,disc4 sur le p>all4 des ,!at4 p4 #afe4 ,am/4 #agcb4 #ai ,imitations ( ,horace by ,?omas ,nevile1 ,m4 ,a4 ,fell[ ( ,jesus ,college1 ,cambridge1 #ageh4 #bj ,!re is a consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! copies ( ?is ode1 z giv5 u 9 ! be/ editions ( ,a!nu & ,diog5es ,la]tius4 ,b ! ,,six? v]se is1 9 all ( !m1 s inexplicable1 9 respect ( ! measure1 ! con/ruction1 & ! s5se1 t ,i h no d\bt ( its be+ extremely corrupt4 ,9 su* a case "o may be indulg$ 9 mak+ conjectures4 ,& ! foll[+ "o1 by a le>n$ p]son1 exactly skill$ 9 ! proprieties z well z elegancies ( ! ,greek language1 is s reasonable1 t ,i _h almo/ v5tur$ to give x a place 9 ! text4 ,! ,poet _h be5 celebrat+ v4 #c4 ! div9e =m ( virtue2 :i* inspir$ ! ,grecian y\? ) an inv9cible c\rage & contempt ( dang]4 ,x 0 natural !re=e to conclude 8 panegyric ) "s su* ,epiphonema z ?is3 8,su* a passion d'/ ?\ k9dle up 9 ! m9ds ( m560 ,to ju/ify ?is passion1 he next turns to ! fruits1 or advantages :i* virtue yields2 :i*1 he tells u1 are m excell5t ?an ^? we receive f any o!r possession1 :e!r ( weal?1 nobility1 or ease1 ! ?ree great idols ( mank9d4 ,some?+ l ?is we collect f ! obscure glimm]+s ( s5se t occur to u f ! common read+1 ' 1 1 c4 ,b x is pla91 !n1 t a v mat]ial ^w mu/ h dropt out ( ! fir/ "p ( ! l9e1 & t !re is an evid5t corruption 9 ! la/4 ,9 a ^w1 ! :ole passage may be re=m$ ?us1 ' 4 1 ' 4 ,x ne$ n be obs]v$ h[ easily is *ang$ into 3 ,& z to ! re/or$ ^w 1 besides ! necessity ( x to complete ! s5se1 x exactly suits ) 9 v4 #ab4 ,la/ly1 ! measure w n[ suffici5tly ju/ify itself to ! le>n$ read]4 #ba ,agite1 fugite1 quatite1 ,satyri3 ,a v]se cit$ f "o ( ^! ,lat9 satyrs by ,m>ius ,victor9us4 #bb ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 mu/ be ! int]pretation ( s5sibus celebrem1 suppos+ x to be ! true read+4 ,b a le>n$ critic has %ewn ) great appe>ance ( reason1 t ! text is corrupt & %\ld be re=m$ into s5sibus ,,cel]em4 ,accord+ to :i* read+ ! encomium "h pa/ on ,pomponius mu/ be und]/ood ( 8 ,wit1 & n ! gravity ( 8 moral ,s5t5ces4 ,ei!r way 8 title to ! hon\r ( ,inv5tion is j ! same4--,see a ,specim5 ( a new ,edition ( ,pat]culus 9 ,,biblio!que ,,britannique1 ,juillet1 c4 #agcf4 #bc ,9 ! libr>y ( ,emmanuel ,college1 ,cambridge4 #bd ,mr4 ,hume1 ,,( ,,simplicity ,,& ,,ref9em5t4 #be ,& no wond]1 :51 z ,suetonius tells u1 ! emp]or himself 0 s delight$ ) ! old com$y4 c4 #hi4 #bf ,?is is fur!r confirm$ f ,lucian1 :o1 9 ! description ( a spl5did fea/ 9 8 1 & 9 ! ,symposium ( 8 1 br+s 9 ! z necess>y att5dants on ! ent]ta9m5t4--,b ! read] w n take :at is said ( ! f9e satyr ( ,x5ophon's ,symposium1 :o ha? n obs]v$1 t ?is sort ( compositions1 :i* 7 9 great cr$it ) ! anci5ts1 are ( ! nature ( dramas1 1 z ,ari/otle w\ld call !m4 ,9 :i* ! dialogi/s1 :o are real p]sonages z 9 ! old com$y1 give a lively1 & sometimes exagg]at$ expression ( _! own *>act]s4 ,"u ?is idea ( a ,symposium we are prep>$ to expect bad *>act]s z well z good4 ,no?+ 9 ! k9d ( composition itself conf9$ ! writ] to ! latt]2 & ! decorum ( a fe/al conv]sation1 :i*1 9 a republic especially1 w\ld h a mixture ( satyr 9 x1 seem$ to dem& ! =m]4 ,we see !n ! und\bt$ purpose ( ,x5ophon 9 ! p]sons ( 8 ,,je/] & ,,syracusian2 & ( ,plato1 9 ^? ( ,,ari/ophanes & "s o!rs4 ,:]e we may fur!r take notice1 t1 to prev5t ! abuse & miscon/ruction1 to :i* ^! p]sonat$ disc\rses are ev] liable1 ,socrates is br\ght 9 to correct ! loos5ess ( !m1 9 bo? dialogues1 & 9 "s measure do? ! (fice ( ! dramatic *orus1 ,,bonis ,,fav5di4 ,b x is ! less /range t ! mod]ns h n appreh5d$ ! g5ius ( ^! ,symposia1 :5 ,a!nu1 :o pr(ess$ly criticises !m1 & "o w\ld ?9k1 _h a bett] opportunity ( kn[+ _! real "*1 ha? betray$ ! grosse/ ignorance ab\t !m4--,i c b j h9t ^! ?+s1 :i* might af=d curi\s matt] = a diss]tation4 ,b en\gh is said to let ! intellig5t read] into ! true secret ( ^! convivial dialogues1 & to explane ! gr\nd ( ! encomium "h pass$ ^u "o ( !m4 #bg 8,l'tude gale des potes de diffr5s tems plaire leurs spectateurs1 a encore influ dans la mani]e de pe9dre les *>act]s4 ,ceux qui p>oiss5t sur la sc5e ,angloise1 ,espagnole1 ,franoise1 sont plus ,anglois1 ,espagnols1 ou ,franois que ,grecs ou ,roma9s1 en un mot que ce qu'ils doiv5t tre4 ,il ne faut qu'en peu disc]nem5t p\r s'app]cevoir que nos ,cs>s et nos ,a*illes1 en g>dant mme une p>tie de leur c>act]e primitif1 pr5n5t droit de naturalit dans le pas o ils sont transplantez1 semblables ces portraits1 qui sort5t de la ma9 d'un pe9tre ,flam&1 ,itali51 ou ,franois1 et qui port5t l'empre9te du pas4 ,on veut plaire sa nation1 et ri5 ne plait tant que la resemblance de mani]es et de g5ie40 ,p4 ,brumoy1 vol4 i4 p4 #bjj4 #bh ,,dionys4 ,,halic>n4 ,,ep4 ,,ad ,c4 ,,pomp4 p4 #bje4 ,edit4 ,huds4 #bi ,9 con=mity ) ! ,antique4 ,nec enim ,phidias1 cum fac]et ,jovis =mam aut ,m9]v1 contemplabatur aliquem e quo similitud9em duc]et3 s$ ipsius 9 m5te incidebat species pul*ritud9is eximia qudam1 quam intu5s 9 eaque defixus ad illius similitud9em artem et manum dirigebat ,cic4 ,orat4 #b4 #cj ,sir ,william ,temple4 #ca 4 #cb ,pope's ,works1 vol4 ,v4 p4 #bdd4 #hvo4 #cc ,qu9ctilian1 lib4 xi4 c4 #a4 #cd 4 ,?\gh1 to complete ! f>ce1 x 0 ) ! greate/ %yness & reluctance1 t ! humility ( ^! lords ( ! univ]se c\ld p]mit itself to accept ! ensigns ( deity1 z ! c\rt-hi/orians ( ^? times are =w>d to in=m u4 ,an affectation1 :i* 0 ?\ght to sit s well ^u !m1 t we f9d x aft]w>ds practis$1 9 ! absurde/ & mo/ impud5t mann]1 by ! wor/ ( _! successors4 #ce ,see a le>n$ & accurate diss]tation on ! subject 9 ,,hi/4 ,,de ,l',,acad4 ,,des ,,inscr4 c4 tom4 i4 #cf ,,div4 ,,leg4 vol4 i4 ,b4 ii4 ,s4 #d4 #cg ,9 ^! l9es1 ,mox tam5 ard5tes acc+> dic]e pugnas ,caes>is1 et nom5 fam tot f]re p] annos1 ,ti?oni prim quot abe/ ab orig9e ,caes>4 ,:i* ,i suspect n to h be5 f ! h& ( ,virgil4 ,&1 ,i4 ,on acc\nt ( "s peculi>ities 9 ! expression4 #a4 ,acc+> is ( frequ5t use 9 ! be/ au?ors1 to d5ote a read9ess & resolution to d any ?+2 b z jo9$ ) an inf9itive mood1 acc+> dic]e1 ,i d n rememb] to h ev] se5 x4 ',tis (t5 us$ by ,virgil1 b1 if ! sev]al places be consult$1 x w always be f\nd ) an accusative & preposition1 express$1 or und]/ood1 z magicas acc+i] artes1 or ) an accusative & dative1 z acc+]e se pra$ae1 or la/ly1 ) an ablative1 express+ ! in/rum5t1 z acc+or f]ro4 ,,la ,,c]da1 9 8 notes ^u ! place1 seem$ s5sible ( ! objection1 & !re=e wrote1 ,graeca locutio3 ! common1 b paltry1 %ift ( le>n$ critics1 :5 !y det]m9e1 at any rate1 to support an anci5t read+4 #b4 ,ard5tes pugnas1 burn+ battles1 s\nds well en\gh to a mod]n e>1 b ,i mu* d\bt1 if x w\ld h pass$ 9 ! times ( ,virgil4 ,at lea/1 ,i recollect no su* expression 9 all 8 works2 ard5s be+ con/antly jo9$ to a ^w1 d5ot+ a sub/ance ( app>5t light1 heat1 or flame1 to :i* ! allusion is easy1 z ard5tes gladios1 ard5tes oculos1 campos armis sublimibus ard5tes1 &1 by an easy metaphor1 ard5tes ho/es1 b no :]e1 t ,i c f9d1 to s ab/ract a notion1 z t ( fight4 ,x seems to be to avoid ?is difficulty1 t "s h *os5 to read ard5tis1 9 ! g5itive1 :i* yet ,s]vius rejects z ( no au?ority4 #c4 ,b ! mo/ gl>+ note ( illegitimacy is 9 ! l9e1 ,ti?oni prim quot abe/ ab orig9e ,caes>4 ,x has puzzl$ all ! comm5tators f old ,s]vius d[n to ! le>n$ ,mr4 ,m>tyn1 to give any tol]able acc\nt ( ! poet's *oice ( ,ti?onus1 f :om to d]ive ! ance/ry ( ,augu/us1 r ?an ,an*ises1 or ,ass>acus1 :o 7 n only m fam\s1 b 9 ! direct l9e4 ,! pret5ces ( any or all ( !m are too frivol\s to make x necess>y to sp5d a ?\ght ab\t !m4 ,! in/ance /&s s+le 9 antiquity3 mu* less is !re any ?+ l x to be f\nd 9 ! ,augu/an poets4 ,,ii4 ,b ! phraseology ( ^! l9es is ! lea/ ( my objection4 ,7 x ev] s accurate1 !re is besides1 on ! fir/ view1 a manife/ absurdity 9 ! subject-matt] ( !m4 ,= w\ld any writ]1 ( b common skill 9 ! art ( composition1 close a long & elaborate allegory1 ! pr9cipal grace ( :i* consi/s 9 its v my/]y1 ) a cold1 & =mal explanation ( x8 ,or w\ld he pay s poor a complim5t to 8 patron1 z to suppose 8 sagacity want$ ! assi/ance ( ?is additional triplet to lead him into ! true mean+8 ,no?+ c be m abhorr5t f ! usual address & artifice ( ,virgil's mann]4 ,or1 ,,iii4 ,7 ! subject-matt] itself passable1 yet1 h[1 9 defiance ( all ! laws ( disposition1 came x to be =c$ 9 "h8 ,let ! read] turn to ! passage1 & he w soon p]ceive1 t ?is c\ld nev] be ! place = x4 ,! allegory be+ conclud$1 ! poet returns to 8 subject1 :i* is propos$ 9 ! six foll[+ l9es3 ,int]e ,dryadum sylvas1 saltusque sequamur ,intactos1 tua1 ,maec5as1 haud mollia jussa2 ,te s9e nil altum m5s in*oat3 en age segnes ,rumpe moras2 vocat +5ti clamore ,ci?a]on1 ,taygetique canes1 domitrixque ,epidaurus equorum1 ,et vox ass5su nemorum +em9ata remugit4 ,w\ld n[ any "o expect1 t ! poet1 aft] hav+ conduct$ ! read]1 ?us respectfully1 to ! v ?re%old ( 8 subject1 %\ld imm$iately run away aga9 to ! po9t1 f :i* he _h set out1 & ?is on s ne$less an err&1 z ! lett+ him into ! secret ( 8 allegory8 ,b ?is ins]t$ triplet agrees z ill ) :at foll[s1 z ) :at prec$es x4 ,= h[ abrupt is ! transition1 & unlike ! delicate connexion1 s /udi\sly contriv$ by ! ,augu/an poets1 f ,ti?oni prim quot abe/ ab orig9e ,caes>4 to ,seu quis ,olympiacae miratus praemia palmae1 c4 ,:5 omit b ^! int]polat$ l9es1 & see h[ gracefully1 & by h[ natural a succession ( ideas1 ! poet slides into ! ma9 ( 8 subject4-- ,int]e ,dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur ,intactos-- ,te s9e nil-- ,rumpe moras3 vocat +5ti clamore ,ci?a]on ,taygetique canes1 domitrixque ,epidaurus ,,equorum1 ,et vox ass5su nemorum +em9ata ,,remugit4 ,seu quis ,olympiacae miratus praemia palmae ,pascit ,,equos2 seu quis =tes ad aratra ,,juv5cos4 ,on ! :ole1 ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt1 t ! l9es be=e u are ! spuri\s (fspr+ ( "s lat] poet2 if inde$ ! writ] ( !m des]ve t "n2 =1 :oev] he 01 he is s f> f p>tak+ ( ! orig9al _s ( ,virgil1 t1 at mo/ he appe>s to h be5 b a s]vile & paltry mimic ( ,ovid2 f ! op5+ ( ^: ,metamorphosis ! design 0 cle>ly tak54 ,! turn ( ! ?\ght is evid5tly ! same 9 bo?1 & ev5 ! expression4 ,mutatas dic]e =mas is e*o$ by ard5tes dic]e pugnas3 dic]e f]t animus1 is1 by an affect$ improvem5t1 acc+> dic]e3 & ,ti?oni prim ab orig9e is almo/ lit]ally ! same z primque ab orig9e mundi4 ,= ! ins]tion ( ^! l9es 9 ?is place1 ,i leave x to ! curi\s to conjecture ( x1 z !y may3 b 9 ! mean "t1 mu/ e/eem ! (fice ( ! true critic to be s f> resembl+ t ( ! poet himself1 z1 )9 "s prop] limitations1 to ju/ify ! hone/ lib]ty "h tak54 ,cum tabulis animum c5soris sumet hone/i2 ,audebit quaecunque p>um spl5doris habebunt ,et s9e pond]e erunt1 et honore indigne f]untur1 ,,v]ba ,,mov]e ,,loco2 ,,quamvis ,,invita ,,rec$ant1 ,,et ,,v]s5tur ,,adhuc ,,intra ,,p5etralia ,,ve/ae4 #b ,ep4 ii4 #aaj4 #ch ,b4 ix4 v4 #fda4 #ci ,notes on ! /ory ( ,phaton4 v4 #bc4 #dj ,,jacobi ,,philippi ,d' ,,orville ,animadv]siones 9 ,,*>it4 ,,aphrod4 lib4 iv4 c4 #d4 #da ,ibid4 vol4 ii4 p4 #cbe4 #db ,d4 ,l4 vol4 ii4 p4 #fdd4 #dc ,at inspiciamus porr1 quid alii1 quibus correctius sapit1 de hoc loqu5di modo ,,c5su]9t4 ,agnoscunt enim1 etc4 p4 #bii4 #dd ,ibid4 #de v4 #dcg4 #df ,iliad1 4 #cbg4 #dg ,n4 ,d4 ii4 #fd4 #dh ,pag4 #cig4 #di ,,in/4 ,,orat4 xi4 #c4 #ej ,!re hav+ be5 su* wret*es1 z ! ,pa9t] ,plut>* speaks (--1 4 ,de aud4 ,poet4 #ea ,see an essay on ! ,composition ( ! ,anti5ts1 by ,j4 ,,g$des1 ,esq4 #eb ,sir ,philip ,sidney4 #ec ,diss4 ,,iii4 vol4 ii4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,poetry l9e numb]s normaliz$4 ,all in/ances ( a /igma 77 9 words h be5 *ang$ to sigma tau 774 ,! orig9al text _h an alt]native pi 77 at ! />t ( a ^w4 ,^! h be5 *ang$ to ! /&>d pi 774 ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation are z 9 ! orig9al4